bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mulheres em conflito com a lei: a ressignificação de identidades de gênero em um contexto prisional
Authors: Oliveira Erika Patrícia Teixeira de
Published: March 2013

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma investigação sobre identidades de gênero, ressignificadas por mulheres encarceradas em um presídio feminino do norte do Paraná. As análises realizadas de dados de entrevistas semi-estruturadas revelam que, a partir da sua inserção na cultura prisional, é possível identificar identidades negociadas, desejadas e / ou negadas por essas mulheres e possíveis conflitos de identidade gerados pela relação de suas realidades e culturas, por serem provenientes de classe baixa, oriundas de famílias desestruturadas, com pouca escolaridade e marcadas pelo estigma, de presidiárias. A análise mostra também que as identidades reconstruídas nesse ambiente reforçam a construção de estigmas que contribuem para a reincidência. Concluímos que a prisão deve ser repensada como um espaço para a aplicação da inclusão, reabilitação e reinserção social, por meio de projetos nos quais a escrita deveria ser incluída, considerando o papel social que ela já tem nesse contexto.
Linguagem e exclusão: o discurso da mídia sobre o professor e a escola
Authors: Carmagnani Anna Maria Grammatico
Published: March 2013

O foco deste estudo é o discurso produzido pela mídia acerca da escola brasileira, sobretudo o discurso sobre professores e o modo como são representados. Nossa análise mostra que os professores são incluídos nos discursos produzidos para serem excluídos, tendo em vista que são apontados como os responsáveis pela fragilidade e problemas que o sistema educacional vem sofrendo. O objetivo do texto é discutir essas representações e o tipo de sujeito que o discurso da mídia constrói, questionando outros aspectos que são cruciais para a compreensão de nossas identidades.
O processo identificatório na prática de assistência ao aluno com dificuldades de inglês como LE no curso de Letras
Authors: Neves Maralice de Souza
Published: March 2013

Este artigo apresenta parte de uma pesquisa com alunos sob supervisão de iniciação à docência que ministram aulas extraclasse para outros alunos com dificuldades em cursar as disciplinas iniciais de inglês em um curso de Letras. A partir de estudos do discurso que abraçam postulados da psicanálise, procura-se investigar momentos de identificação na experiência da docência. Desse modo, a identidade é concebida como sempre em construção, uma vez que a subjetividade está alienada à linguagem e determinada por condicionamentos histórico-culturais. Dentre as análises, exemplificam-se representações em relação ao bom aluno, ao bom professor, à noção de língua e ao tratamento do erro. Ao final, propõe-se que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem se dá por identificação, lembrando que as duas coisas acontecem no acaso dos desejos de aprender e ensinar.
Práticas de produção textual no MSN Messenger: ressignificando a escrita colaborativa
Authors: Pinheiro Petrilson Alan
Published: March 2013

Este artigo tem por objetivo articular as práticas de escrita escolarese as tecnologias da comunicação e da informação disponibilizadas na Internet, buscando, com isso, possibilitar um repensar e uma redefinição dos modelos de produção textual com os quais a escola ainda opera. Na tentativa de explorar tal relação, propomos a realização de um trabalho que aponte como o uso de alguns gêneros digitais do ciberespaço, como o MSN Messenger, contribuem para a construção de práticas colaborativas de escrita de alunos do ensino médio. Para tanto, tomaremos como base teórica os construtos bakhtinianos de gêneros do discurso e na teoria situada de gênero (ERICKSON, 1997; Yates; Orlikowski; Rennecker, 1997; SHEPHERD; WATTERS, 1999; Devitt, 2000) para dar conta do comportamento dos gêneros digitais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica realizada com dezesseis aprendizes e um professor do ensino médio de uma escola estadual localizada no município de Campinas _ SP. Os alunos criaram um site para a divulgação de um jornal digital e, para produzir os textos que são expostos nesse jornal, eles fazem uso do e-mail e do MSN Messenger. Como proposta de análise multimodal da produção textual desses aprendizes na Internet, tomaremos como base as metafunções semióticas nos níveis apresentacional, orientacional e organizacional, propostas por Lemke (1995, 1998a, 1998b), como dispositivos teórico-analíticos dos dados gerados a partir dos registros dos diversos modos com que os alunos constroem sentidos ao aprenderem e desenvolverem seus textos de forma colaborativa a partir do uso dos gêneros digitais.
Vestibular da Unicamp: uma proposta dialógica de redação
Authors: Maciel Lucas Vinício de Carvalho
Published: March 2013

Neste artigo, analiso uma dissertação do vestibular da Unicamp, a partir da concepção de "dialogismo" proposta pelos membros do Círculo de Bakhtin. Procuro demonstrar como essa redação pode ser tomada como exemplo dos aspectos dialógicos que regem a linguagem.
O professor no espelho: refletindo sobre a leitura de um relatório de estágio na graduação em Letras
Authors: Fairchild Thomas
Published: March 2013

Neste artigo defendo que um dos entraves centrais do ensino de Português é a dificuldade de o professor sustentar um discurso específico sobre o seu objeto de especialidade, o que põe em jogo sua própria condição profissional. Contra isso, venho pesquisando a formação de um "discurso profissional docente" através da análise da escrita de alunos de graduação em Letras. Apresento aqui a leitura de um relatório de estágio a partir do conceito de "imagem" proposto por Pêcheux (1969). Problematizo especificamente alguns processos de escrita que parecem favorecer a evasão do sujeito em relação à sua experiência mais do que a construção de conhecimento a partir dela. Nesse caso, em vez de se valer de instrumentos teóricos para analisar dados empíricos, o sujeito adere a explicações laterais ao seu objeto de análise, cujo motor é a ocultação de uma imagem de si. O resultado é uma elaboração que dificilmente se traduz em efeitos de formação, mas antes preserva o caráter leigo de seu discurso sobre o ensino.
Novas ocorrências de macroalgas marinhas bentônicas no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Soares Luanda Pereira , Fujii Mutue Toyota
Published: March 2013

Foram realizados estudos na região entremarés de recifes da Praia de Boa Viagem, Recife, nordeste do Brasil, em dezembro de 2009 (período seco) e abril de 2010 (período chuvoso), para analisar a estrutura da comunidade das macroalgas epífitas em outras macroalgas. O material foi coletado em dois trechos recifais, cada um com aproximadamente 30 m de extensão, em diferentes compartimentos favoráveis ao crescimento de macroalgas. Todo o material coletado permaneceu congelado até o procedimento de análise. Os exemplares estão depositados no Herbário do Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brasil (SP). Foram encontradas nove novas ocorrências para a costa pernambucana: Boodlea composita (Harv.) F. Brand, Ceramium corniculatum Mont., Chaetomorpha clavata Kütz., C. nodosa Kütz., Chondracanthus cf. saundersii C.W. Schneid. & C.E. Lane, Cladophora laetevirens (Dillwyn) Kütz., Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa (Børgesen) M.-S. Kim & I.K. Lee, Ulva linza L. e U. prolifera O.F. Müll. Destas, quatro tiveram sua distribuição consideravelmente ampliada ao longo do litoral brasileiro.
Caracterização do lenho e variação radial de Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (pau-incenso)
Authors: Longui Eduardo Luiz , Romeiro Diego , Silva Morgana Tramontini da , Ribeiro Ariane , Gouveia Tatiana Cestini , Lima Israel Luiz de , Florsheim Sandra Monteiro Borges
Published: March 2013

Estudou-se o lenho de Pittosporum undulatum do Parque Estadual Alberto Löfgren, objetivando-se sua caracterização, investigar a variação radial da anatomia e densidade básica, suas correlações e discutir os resultados em um contexto ecológico. Empregaram-se as metodologias usuais para anatomia e densidade da madeira. As características anatômicas corroboram com o descrito para o gênero, ressalta-se a presença de camadas de crescimento, não mencionada na literatura. O diâmetro das fibras não apresentou variação radial, as demais características anatômicas, além da densidade básica e índices de vulnerabilidade, mesomorfia e agrupamento aumentaram na direção da casca. Houve relação positiva entre a densidade básica e a espessura da parede das fibras. A análise ecológica do lenho indicou, para P. undulatum, maior investimento na segurança do xilema do que na eficiência com relação ao transporte de água, uma vez que os valores dos índices ecológicos relacionam-se com plantas adaptadas a condições de menor disponibilidade hídrica.
Efeitos dos rejeitos da indústria de zinco na anatomia e crescimento de plantas jovens de Salix humboldtiana Willd: (salgueiro)
Authors: Gomes Marcelo Pedrosa , Marques Teresa Cristina Lara Lanza de Sá e Melo , Nogueira Mariana de Oliveira Gonçalves , Silva Guilherme Henrique , Castro Evaristo Mauro de , Soares Ângela Maria
Published: March 2013

A poluição por metais pesados, gerada principalmente pelas atividades de mineração e industrial, exige estudos que possibilitem a recuperação de áreas contaminadas. Foram estudadas respostas de crescimento e características anatômicas de plantas jovens de salgueiro cultivadas em solo multicontaminado por metais pesados. As plantas foram cultivadas em três níveis de misturas de solo contaminado: 0%; 15% e 30% (v/v), durante 60 dias. No maior nível de contaminação foi observado menor produção de matéria seca das raízes e da parte aérea e menor crescimento das raízes. Nesta condição, as raízes apresentaram maior espessura da epiderme, exoderme e endoderme e menor número de elementos condutores de xilema. As folhas apresentaram modificações no número de elementos condutores de xilema, na densidade e diâmetro dos estômatos, e na espessura da epiderme, endoderme, colênquima e do mesofilo.
Refiguração do tempo histórico pela ficção
Authors: Segatto José Antonio , Leonel Maria Célia
Published: March 2013

M. Bakhtin afirma que a representação de acontecimentos, relações e processos no romance deve abranger a totalidade de uma época – nela deve haver uma peculiar concatenação, literariamente expressa, espácio-temporal. Essa formulação contém elementos basilares para o entendimento e análise do romance, objeto deste estudo, Leite derramado de 2009 de Chico Buarque. A narrativa figura, pelo menos, duas grandes épocas históricas do Brasil: uma que vai do início do século XIX até 1930 e outra que vai desse momento ao início do XXI. É a representação da saga histórica da decadência de uma categoria social (fração da classe dominante), personificada na família Assumpção, com seus valores éticos e culturais, suas concepções de mundo e seu comportamento, estilizando sua dissolução social e moral. Ao fazer isso o romance coloca inúmeros problemas – desde humano-existenciais até histórico-políticos – para a reflexão do leitor.
Pelas dobras do tempo-espaço: literatura e fotografia em Satolep, de Vitor Ramil
Authors: Melo Cimara Valim de
Published: March 2013

Este artigo investiga as relações entre tempo e espaço na literatura contemporânea através da análise do romance Satolep, de Vitor Ramil. Para isso, observa sua constituição cronotópica em diálogo com outras esferas artísticas e busca, nas relações que estabelece com a fotografia, matéria para o estudo de suas dimensões simbólicas, geográficas, sociais e históricas.
Um autor em movimento: uma reflexão sobre o escritor brasileiro contemporâneo através da obra de João Gilberto Noll
Authors: Magdaleno Renata Fernandes
Published: March 2013

A globalização, o aumento de eventos literários, a presença da internet possibilitando novos meios de divulgação da obra. Fatores como estes vêm mudando a rotina de escritores e, por isso, o século XXI vem sendo apontado como um melhor momento para quem pensa em viver da escrita na América Latina. A figura do autor ganhou destaque. A intenção deste artigo é pensar esse momento utilizando como lente a obra do escritor João Gilberto Noll, principalmente o romance Lorde (2004).
Traumas e travessias: a alteridade ameríndia e as fronteiras simbólicas da nação
Authors: Olivieri-Godet Rita
Published: March 2013

Exame das questões relativas aos processos de apagamento e de resgate da memória, a partir de textos ficcionais que refletem sobre as negociações identitárias e as travessias de fronteiras culturais, centrados no ameríndio como instância de alteridade.
A revolução pelos sentidos: traços surrealistas em A fúria do corpo, de João Gilberto Noll
Authors: Vieira Miguel Heitor Braga
Published: March 2013

Este trabalho tem como objetivo relacionar a obra A fúria do corpo (1981), de João Gilberto Noll, com concepções que remetam a uma escrita surrealista, indo além das ideias comuns da estética vanguardista proposta por André Breton e seus seguidores.
Reduction of Female Mating Receptivity after Injection of Male-Derived Extracts inTrigonotylus caelestialium(Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Yamane Takashi
Published: March 2013

The effects of male-derived extracts on female receptivity to remating were investigated in Trigonotylus caelestialium (Kirkaldy) (Heteroptera: Miridae). The aqueous extracts of male reproductive tracts were observed to reduce receptivity both at 3 h and at 1 d after injection into the abdomens of females. Next, ultrafiltration was used to divide the aqueous extracts of the male reproductive tracts into three molecular-weight (MW) fractions: <3.5 kDa, 3.5–14 kDa, and >14 kDa. The filtrate containing the MW substances <3.5 kDa reduced female receptivity 3 h after injection, whereas the fraction containing MW substances >14 kDa inhibited receptivity at 1 and 2 d after injection. Finally, the male reproductive tract organs were divided into the accessory glands, testes, and the remaining reproductive organs, including the seminal vesicles. Aqueous extracts of the accessory glands reduced the receptivity of females both at 3 h and 2 d after injection, whereas those of the testes decreased the receptivity of females at 3 h after injection. Together, the results indicate that more than one mechanism may be involved in the effects of male-derived substances on female receptivity in T. caelestialium. The findings suggest that low-MW male-derived substances in the accessory glands and testes cause short-term inhibition and that the high-MW substances in the accessory gland inhibit female mating at a later period.
Identification of Two Cryptic Species within the Praon abjectum Group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) using Molecular Markers and Geometric Morphometrics
Authors: Mitrovski—Bogdanović Ana , Petrović Andjeljko , Mitrović Milana , Ivanović Ana , Žikić Vladimir , Starý Petr , Vorburger Christoph , Tomanović Željko
Published: March 2013

The genus Praon represents a large group of aphid endoparasitoids and is exemplary for the problems encountered in their taxonomy because of a great variability of morphological characters. To investigate the intraspecific variability and to ascertain cryptic speciation within the Praon abjectum Haliday group, biotypes in association with the aphid hosts Aphis sambuci L., Longicaudus trirhodus Walker, and Rhopabsiphum spp. were examined. We combined molecular and geometric morphometric analyses, that is, partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and nuclear 28SD2 genes and the shape of the forewing. Low variation of 28SD2 sequences confirmed the close relatedness of species from the genus Praon. Analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences however identified three separate taxa within the P. abjectum group with substantial genetic divergence. The biotype of P. abjectum associated with L. trirhodus differed from those associated with Rhopabsiphum sp. and A. sambuci by 5.4–6.5% and 7.7% sequence divergence, respectively, while the genetic distance between the latter two biotypes ranged from 9.5 to 10%. The main changes in the forewing shape that discriminate these three biotypes as revealed by geometric morphometrics are related to the stigma shape and the position of the radial nerve. Based on the differences determined in mitochondrial sequences and in the shape of the wing, we describe two new cryptic species within the P. abjectum group as follows: P. sambuci sp. n. in association with A. sambuci/S. nigra and P. longicaudus sp. n. in association with L. trirhodus/T. aquilegifolium.
Podapolipus khorasanicus n. sp. (Acari: Podapolipidae), an Ectoparasite of Opatroides punctulatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), with Notes on World Distribution and Host Range of the Beetle-Associates of Podapolipus spp.
Authors: Hajiqanbar Hamidreza
Published: March 2013

The ectoparasitic mite Podapolipus khorasanicus Hajiqanbar n. sp. (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Podapolipidae), detached from abdominal tergites of Opatroides punctubtus Brulle, 1832 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in northeastern Iran, is described and compared with related species. A key to world species of the coleopteran parasites of the genus Podapolipus Rovelli & Grassi (1888) is provided, and their distribution and host range are discussed.
Temperature-Dependent Development, Survival, Longevity, and Fecundity of Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Papanikolaou Nikos E , Milonas Panagiotis G , Kontodimas Dimitris C , Demiris Nikos , Matsinos Yiannis G
Published: March 2013

The effect of temperature on the development, survival, longevity, and fecundity of the 14-spotted ladybird beetle, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was determined at six constant temperatures (17, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, and 35 ± 1°C) in the laboratory. Results showed a temperature—dependent development of the coccinellid. An appropriate linear model indicated that 218.0 degree days above a threshold of 10.2°C were needed to complete immature development from egg to adult emergence. Data were fitted to the nonlinear Briere model, which for total immature period estimated the upper developmental threshold at 36.0°C, the lower threshold at 12.2°C and the temperature for maximum developmental rate at 30.3°C. Survival of immature stages varied significantly across temperatures with the lowest survival of just 14% occurring at 32.5°C and the highest (96%) at 25°C. In addition temperature showed a profound effect on female longevity over this viable range of temperatures, as it decreased from 123.06 d at 17°C to 33.53 d at 30°C. The highest fecundity (724.6 eggs/female) was recorded at 25°C. These results might be useful tools for the prediction of P. quatuordecimpunctata phenology and the interaction with its prey.
Intrinsic time dependence in the diversity–invasibility relationship
Authors: Clark Graeme F. , Johnston Emma L. , Leung Brian
Published: March 2013

Contrasting patterns in the diversity–invasibility relationship have intrigued ecologists for many years, and are now known as the “invasion paradox.” Experiments usually detect negative relationships, while field surveys find them to be positive. It is widely believed that the paradox is driven by differences in spatial scale, but this is challenged by field surveys that find positive relationships at all spatial scales. If factors that determine invasion dynamics change during the invasion process, the paradox may be partially driven by differences in temporal scale. Here we used simulation (cellular automata) models to explore the generality of temporal change in the diversity–invasibility relationship. The probability of invaders colonizing an area was inversely related to the density of natives, creating a negative native–exotic correlation when invaders first arrived. Over time, native and exotic populations were both shaped by the same post‐introduction processes (disturbance, dispersal, and recolonization), shifting their correlation to positive. The rate of temporal change in the diversity–invasibility relationship was mainly dependent upon the fecundity of invaders. Greater fecundity meant that invaders spread through the landscape faster and were subject to post‐introduction processes sooner. We propose a unified conceptual model where the diversity–invasiblity relationship is a function of both spatial and temporal scales.
Dispersal of marine benthic invertebrates through ice rafting
Authors: Macfarlane Colin B. A. , Drolet David , Barbeau Myriam A. , Hamilton Diana J. , Ollerhead Jeff
Published: March 2013

Knowledge of dispersal vectors used by organisms is essential to the understanding of population and community dynamics. We report on ice rafting, a vector by which intertidal benthic invertebrates can be transported well outside their normal dispersal range during winter in temperate climates. We found multiple invertebrate taxa in sediment‐laden ice blocks sampled in the intertidal zone. A large proportion of individuals were alive and active when freed from the ice. Using radio tracking, we found that ice blocks can travel over 20 km within a few days. Given the abundance of highly mobile ice blocks carrying viable invertebrates, we conclude that ice‐rafting is likely an important dispersal vector, contributing to spatial community dynamics in intertidal systems. This mechanism helps explain observed genetic structure of populations, but it also raises concerns about potential negative impacts of climate change on connectivity between populations.
First-Time Parents’ Perception of Antenatal Education in Sweden
Authors: Hildingsson Ingegerd , Dalén Kristina , Sarenfelt Lena , Ransjö-Arvidson Anna-Berit
Published: March 2013

Antenatal parent education is one part of the parenthood support program and is offered to all first-time parents in Sweden. The aim was to explore first-time parents’ experiences of antenatal education and its helpfulness in preparation for birth and early parenthood. Eight hundred ten first-time parents completed questionnaires. The antenatal education was a positive experience for 56% and 62% of women and men, respectively. Antenatal education was helpful during birth for 68% of women and 63% of men. Forty-seven percent of women and 44% of men found it helpful for early parenthood. High level of education was the only background variable associated with being satisfied with antenatal education. Satisfaction was lower than reported in previous studies and indicates room for change and improvement in antenatal parent education.
Resveratrol Decreases Periodontal Breakdown and Modulates Local Levels of Cytokines During Periodontitis in Rats
Authors: Casati Marcio Z. , Algayer Carolina , Cardoso da Cruz Geisa , Ribeiro Fernanda V. , Casarin Renato C.V. , Pimentel Suzana P. , Cirano Fabiano R.
Published: March 2013

Background: Resveratrol (3,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring product found in numerous plants. Among its biologic properties, resveratrol may promote immunomodulatory effects on the host response. This study investigates the effect of continuous administration of resveratrol on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats.

Methods: Periodontitis was induced in rats in one of the first molars chosen to receive a ligature. Animals were assigned to one of two groups: 1) daily administration of the placebo solution (control group) or 2) 10 mg/kg resveratrol (RESV group). The therapies were administered systemically for 30 days: for 19 days before periodontitis induction and then for another 11 days. Then, the specimens were processed for morphometric analysis of bone loss, and the gingival tissue surrounding the first molar was collected for quantification of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, and IL‐17 using a multiplexing assay.

Results: Intergroup comparisons of the morphometric outcomes revealed higher bone loss values in ligated molars and unligated teeth in the control group than the RESV group (P <0.05). The immunoenzymatic assay of the gingival tissue showed a lower concentration of IL‐17 in the RESV group than the control group (P <0.05), whereas no differences in the IL‐1β and IL‐4 levels of the groups were observed (P >0.05).

Conclusions: Continuous administration of resveratrol may decrease periodontal breakdown induced experimentally in rats. In addition, lower levels of IL‐17 were found in the RESV group. Future studies are important to confirm the mechanism through which resveratrol exerts its effects.
The Role of Prevention in Promoting Continuity of Health Care in Prisoner Reentry Initiatives
Authors: Woods LaKeesha N. , Lanza A. Stephen , Dyson William , Gordon Derrick M.
Published: March 2013

Most incarcerated individuals will return to the community, and their successful reentry requires consideration of their health and how their health will affect their families and communities. We propose the use of a prevention science framework that integrates universal, selective, and indicated strategies to facilitate the successful reentry of men released from prison. Understanding how health risks and disparities affect the transition from prison to the community will enhance reentry intervention efforts. To explore the application of the prevention rubric, we evaluated a community-based prisoner reentry initiative. The findings challenge all involved in reentry initiatives to reconceptualize prisoner reentry from a program model to a prevention model that considers multilevel risks to and facilitators of successful reentry.
Playing Through Pain: Sports Participation and Nonmedical Use of Opioid Medications Among Adolescents
Authors: Veliz Philip T. , Boyd Carol , McCabe Sean E.
Published: March 2013

We assessed the nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) among adolescents who participate in competitive sports. Using data from Monitoring the Future, we found that adolescent participants in high-injury sports had 50% higher odds of NMUPO than adolescents who did not participate in these types of sports (i.e., nonparticipants and participants in other sports). Detecting certain subpopulations of youths at risk for NMUPO should be a central concern among health care providers.
Burst and Collapse Responses of Production Casing in Thermal Applications
Authors: Dall'Acqua D. , Hodder M. , Kaiser T.M.V.
Published: March 2013

American Petroleum Institute (API) design equations describing burst and collapse limits of tubulars do not address pipe body response when axial stress in the casing exceeds the material yield strength. However, casing yielding commonly occurs in thermal operations in western Canada, where steam-assisted gravity-drainage (SAGD) and cyclic-steam-stimulation (CSS) operating temperatures generally range from 200 to 350°C. Cemented production casing is subject to both passive and active loading conditions during operation: thermally induced strain-based cyclic axial loading occurs in conjunction with net internal or external differential pressure. A sound engineering basis for selecting tubular configurations that considers the combined loading state in this situation and establishes an appropriate design margin does not currently exist.

This paper describes numerical analyses for combined post-yield loading conditions and provides a starting point for burst and collapse design for thermal casing. Burst analysis of axially constrained casing indicates that, contrary to what might be inferred from elastic-strength calculations, an initial thermally induced axial compressive strain does not substantially reduce the burst (rupture) pressure. By contrast, even low net external pressures can lead to ovalization and loss of wellbore access when combined with thermally induced axial strain if the cement sheath does not offer adequate radial support. Sensitivity studies demonstrate the strong influence of pipe diameter-to-thickness ratio (D/t) and pressure ratios and pipe material mechanical properties on ovalization response. Analysis results are compared with API burst and collapse predictions, thermal operating experience at Shell Canada's Peace River project, and available physical testing results for similar loading conditions.
A Comparison of Two Models to Evaluate Soil Physical Property Effects on Corn Root Growth
Authors: Benjamin Joseph G. , Nielsen David C. , Vigil Merle F. , Mikha Maysoon M. , Calderon Francisco J.
Published: March 2013

Two models for evaluating soil physical condition effects on root growth were compared. The first model, called the Jones model, is a submodel for root growth limitations used by several complex soil–plant–atmosphere models. The second model uses soil physical limitations as identified by the least limiting water range (LLWR). Root surface area density (Rsa) and bulk density (ρb) were determined at the V6, V12, and R1 growth stages of corn in 2004. Water contents (θ) throughout the growing season were determined twice per week with a neutron probe. The cumulative predicted relative root growth suitability (PRGS) was determined using soil physical limitations to root growth defined by each model. Significant plot‐to‐plot variability was observed in ρb and θ. The LLWR resulted in a wider range of PRGS for all sampling times and soil depths. Regressions using the LLWR criteria for soil physical limitations resulted in significant correlations between Rsa with PRGS at the expanding zone of root exploration, indicating more root surface area with better soil conditions. Regressions using the Jones criteria for soil physical limitations resulted in either a nonsignificant correlation between Rsa with PRGS or a linear, negative correlation, indicating less root surface area with better soil conditions. Using limitations of soil physical properties as identified by the LLWR in larger, more comprehensive plant and root growth models may provide a better response of these models to variable soil conditions.
Water and Radiation Use Efficiencies in Sorghum
Authors: Narayanan Sruthi , Aiken Robert M. , Vara Prasad P. V. , Xin Zhanguo , Yu Jianming
Published: March 2013

Increasing water and radiation use efficiencies (WUE and RUE, respectively) are critical to enhance crop production. Exploring genetic variability in WUE and RUE is necessary to improve these traits. The objectives of this research were to evaluate eight sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes for biomass production, WUE, and RUE and to test whether the differences in WUE among sorghum genotypes were associated with increased biomass production or decreased water use under field conditions. The WUE was estimated as the slope of the regression of aboveground biomass on cumulative water use for specified sampling intervals. The RUE was estimated as the slope of the regression of aboveground biomass on cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR). Sorghum genotypes showed significant differences in biomass production, WUE, and RUE. The WUE varied from 3.39 ± 0.80 to 5.42 ± 0.80 g kg−1 in 2009 and from 4.04 ± 0.58 to 7.63 ± 0.58 g kg−1 in 2010. Similarly, RUE varied from 2.13 ± 0.33 to 3.53 ± 0.31 g MJ−1 IPAR in 2009 and from 2.08 ± 0.35 to 3.83 ± 0.33 g MJ−1 IPAR in 2010. Among the eight sorghum genotypes tested in this study, IS 27111 and IS 27150 had the largest biomass production, WUE, and RUE. The WUE was more strongly correlated to biomass production than to water use. This result implies that it is possible to improve WUE without compromising biomass production. The sorghum genotypes evaluated for biomass production, WUE, and RUE in this study offer useful plant materials for identifying the mechanisms causing differences in these traits.
Life Cycle Analysis of Corn Harvest Strategies for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Gao Juan , Thelen Kurt D. , Hao Xinmei
Published: March 2013

Corn (Zea mays L.) and corn stover are currently considered the most abundant and readily accessible feedstock resources for renewable bioethanol. Whole‐plant corn harvest could increase bioethanol yield compared with a conventional separated grain and stover harvest. There is limited research, however, on the environmental effects of whole‐plant harvest strategies, including nonrenewable energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity, and soil organic C (SOC) changes. In this study, harvest methods together with bioprocessing steps were combined through life cycle analysis (LCA) models, and SOC changes for corn farming with different harvest methods were simulated by a Daycent ecosystem model. The harvest data were from four agronomy farms (Branch, Ingham, Huron, and Menominee) of Michigan State University across south to north in Michigan. The LCA results showed that a whole‐plant harvest strategy could increase energy efficiency 3.4 to 4.3 times and reduce GHG emissions by 38 ± 2% relative to a traditional separate grain and stover harvest strategy. The analyses also indicated, however, that whole‐plant harvest could reduce SOC (66.9 ± 22.9 g CO2 equivalent m−2) annually during 50 yr of continuous corn farming at Branch, Ingham, and Huron, while the conventional harvest system could sequestrate CO2 into SOC at Ingham, Huron, and Menominee. The Daycent simulation also showed that a winter cover crop planted after whole‐plant immature corn harvest could compensate for part of the SOC loss associated with a whole‐corn‐plant harvest.
Inconsistent Responses of Corn to Seeding Rates in Field‐Scale Studies
Authors: Reeves Geoff W. , Cox William J.
Published: March 2013

Corn (Zea mays L.) seeding rates have increased because new hybrids lodge less, have improved drought tolerance, and may respond to higher rates in narrow rows. Farmer–researcher partnerships were formed to evaluate two hybrids at two 0.76‐m‐row sites and a twin‐row site at four seeding rates (61,750, 74,100, 86,450, and 98,800 kernels ha−1) and a narrow‐row site (0.51‐ m rows at ∼5000 more kernels ha−1 across seeding rates) in field‐scale studies in 2011 and 2012 in New York. Partial budget analyses were conducted to aid in future seeding rate decisions based on 2011–2012 market grain prices (US$265.76 Mg−1) in New York and grower seed (US$225 per 80,000 kernels) costs, in addition to drying and hauling costs. Yields averaged 11.8 Mg ha−1 in 2011 and 10.5 Mg ha−1 in 2012, but yield and relative profit responded inconsistently to seeding rates across sites, between hybrids, and between years at the narrow‐row site. Maximum relative profit exceeded the recommended seeding rate of 74,100 kernels ha−1 at the twin‐row site (76,000 kernels ha−1), at the narrow‐row site in 1 yr (85,000–95,000 kernels ha−1) but not at 0.76‐m‐row sites. Lack of consistent responses to seeding rates is probably related to dry July conditions in both years, contributing to decreases of 4 to 5 kernels plant−1 and 0.5 to 1 mg in kernel weight for each 1000 kernel ha−1 seeding rate increase at most sites. Based on these field‐scale studies, recommended seeding rates in New York will not change.
Dynamics of Plant Root Growth under Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Madhu M. , Hatfield J. L.
Published: March 2013

Plant growth is influenced by above‐ and belowground environmental conditions and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations enhances growth and yield of most agricultural crops. This review covers current knowledge on the impact of increasing CO2concentration on root dynamics of plants in terms of growth, root/shoot (R/S) ratio, root biomass, root length, root longevity, root mortality, root distribution, root branching, root quality, and the response of these root parameters to management practices including soil water and nutrients. The effects of CO2concentration on R/S ratio are contradictory due to complexity in accurate underground biomass estimation under diverse crops and conditions. Roots become more numerous, longer, thicker, and faster growing in crops exposed to high CO2with increased root length in many plant species. Branching and extension of roots under elevated CO2may lead to altered root architecture and ability of roots to acquire water and nutrients from the soil profile with exploration of the soil volume. Root turnover is important to the global C budget as well as to nutrient cycling in ecosystems and individual plants. Agricultural management practices have a greater impact on root growth than rising atmospheric CO2since management practices influence soil physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, consequently affects root growth dynamics in the belowground. Less understood are the interactive effects of elevated CO2and management practices including drought on root dynamics, fine‐root production, and water‐nutrient use efficiency, and the contribution of these processes to plant growth in water and nutrients limited environments.
Extension of Moringa oleifera seed aqueous extract shelf life using trona as a preservative
Authors: Saulawa S. B. , Okuofu C. A. , Ismail A. , Adie D. B. , Otun J. A. , Yakasai I. A.
Published: March 2013

The effects of Moringa oleifera seed extracts' deterioration and preservation on turbidity removal efficiency were studied. Trona was used as a preservative in the enhancement of the extract's shelf life. An average value of 92.30% was observed at the Moringa oleifera seed extracts' dosage of 800 mg/L as the highest average turbidity removal for all the extracts, while the least value 82.16% was observed at a dosage of 320 mg/L. The fresh preserved Moringa oleifera seed extract had a value of 95.18% as the highest average percentage turbidity removal against all the extracts for all dosages, while the plain extract had the lowest average percentage turbidity removal value of 74.93%. It was observed also that even though the preserved extract was the most consistent in turbidity removal (overall variance of 1.25), the fresh preserved extract had the overall highest performance. However, the difference in overall performance between the two was only marginal, while substantial difference was observed between the plain extract and the fresh plain extract.
Assessment of urine diverting dehydrating toilets as a flood-resilient and affordable sanitation technology in the context of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Saif Mohammad , Ronteltap Mariska , van Lier Jules B.
Published: March 2013

Bangladesh has made a significant contribution to supply improved sanitation facilities in rural areas in recent years. As it is the most known option, pit latrines were the most favourable technology. Yet, as Bangladesh is a country of flooding and high groundwater table, pit latrines not only flush out and cause pollution; they also become inaccessible during floods, and remain filled with silt after the floods. Every year floods destroy many sanitation facilities and force people to resort to open defecation, despite the capital-intensive investment. Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets (UDDTs) were evaluated on their suitability in flood-prone areas and their affordability in the context of Bangladesh. A survey conducted in two flood-prone areas of Bangladesh showed that with an average height of 0.69 m the UDDTs are higher than the average highest flood level of 0.31 m. To decrease cost and construction complexity, a local design was developed based on the current pit latrine, at 50% of the costs of the current UDDTs. Although the resulting cost is still not within reach for most Bangladeshi, the affordability could be increased by taking into account avoided emptying costs as well as the added value of human excreta as a fertilizer.
A Rapid Assessment Technique to Assist Management of the White Shark
(Carcharodon Carcharias) Cage Dive Industry, South Australia
Authors: Bradford Russell , Robbins Rachel
Published: March 2013

Port Lincoln, South Australia is the departure port for the only white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, cage dive
industry in Australia. Established in the early 1960’s as a niche tourism venture, the industry has recently undergone a
rapid expansion to accommodate greater passenger numbers, more tourism operators, and additional infrastructure aimed
at capturing a greater proportion of the tourist dollar. However, to date, there has been no assessment of growth in the industry.
We have used the operator logbook system, introduced in 2000, as the basis for a rapid assessment of the maturity
as well as a conservative estimate of the economic value of the industry, with a focus on 2011. From the logbook system
the number of days on-site has increased from an average of 67 days per year prior to 2007 to 287 days on-site in 2011. In
2011 the industry accommodated approximately 5200 passengers with a direct domestic expenditure estimated to be in
excess of 6 million AUD. Changes in shark behaviour have been observed following the increase in days on-site. The
white shark cage dive industry has reached a stage in its development where increased management is required in order to
ensure a viable industry into the future. The rapid assessment technique described herein will allow managers to track
changes in cage dive participation rates and quickly respond to changes in the industry.
Association of BP Variability with Mortality among African Americans with CKD
Authors: McMullan Ciaran J. , Bakris George L. , Phillips Robert A. , Forman John P.
Published: March 2013

Background and objectives

Increased systolic BP visit-to-visit variability (SBV) may be associated with higher overall mortality and cardiovascular events. However, few studies have examined these associations in patients with CKD, and the relation of SBV with CKD progression and ESRD has not been shown. This study analyzed the association of SBV with overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular events, and renal events among individuals enrolled in the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) trial.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

This was a prospective observational study of 908 participants during the trial phase of the AASK study, with at least 1 year of BP measurements available and followed for 3–6.4 years. SBV was calculated as the SD of the systolic pressure from five visits occurring 3–12 months after randomization. The association of SBV with risk of overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, a composite of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, and a composite of renal events was assessed using proportional hazards regression and adjusting for multiple potential confounders.

Results

Greater SBV was associated with higher overall mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.82 (1.14–6.95) comparing the highest with lowest tertile of SBV. A similar comparison revealed that greater SBV was also associated with cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.91; 1.12–21.50). SBV was associated with both the cardiovascular renal composite endpoints in unadjusted but not adjusted analyses.

Conclusions

In African Americans with CKD, SBV is strongly and independently associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality.
Unique pseudolifting property in digital topology
Authors: Han Sang-Eon
Published: March 2013

The generalized universal lifting property plays an important role in
classical topology. In digital topology we also have its digital version [5,
6, 14]. More precisely, the paper [6] established the concept of a digital
covering (see also [11, 17]). It has substantially contributed to the
calculation of digital fundamental groups of some digital spaces, the
classification of digital spaces and so forth. The paper [6] also established
the unique lifting property of a digital covering which plays an important
role in studying both digital covering and digital homotopy theory. Motivated
by the unique lifting property, the paper develops a pseudocovering which is
weaker than a digital covering and investigates its various properties.
Furthermore, the paper proves that a pseudocovering with some hypothesis has
the unique pseudolifting property which is weaker than the unique lifting
property in digital covering theory.
Abstract convexity of extended real valued increasing and radiant functions
Authors: Mohebi Hossein , Mirzadeh Somaieh
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we first investigate abstract convexity of non-negative
increasing and radiant (IR) functions over a topological vector space X. We
also characterize the essential results of abstract convexity such as support
set, subdifferential set and polarity of this class of functions. Finally, we
examine abstract convexity, polarity and subdifferential of extended real
valued increasing and radiant functions.
Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery Reverses Insulin-Induced Increases in Brain Glucose Metabolism of the Morbidly Obese
Authors: Tuulari Jetro J. , Karlsson Henry K. , Hirvonen Jussi , Hannukainen Jarna C. , Bucci Marco , Helmiö Mika , Ovaska Jari , Soinio Minna , Salminen Paulina , Savisto Nina , Nummenmaa Lauri , Nuutila Pirjo
Published: March 2013

Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with altered brain glucose metabolism. Here, we studied brain glucose metabolism in 22 morbidly obese patients before and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Seven healthy subjects served as control subjects. Brain glucose metabolism was measured twice per imaging session: with and without insulin stimulation (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp) using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose scanning. We found that during fasting, brain glucose metabolism was not different between groups. However, the hyperinsulinemic clamp increased brain glucose metabolism in a widespread manner in the obese but not control subjects, and brain glucose metabolism was significantly higher during clamp in obese than in control subjects. After follow-up, 6 months postoperatively, the increase in glucose metabolism was no longer observed, and this attenuation was coupled with improved peripheral insulin sensitivity after weight loss. We conclude that obesity is associated with increased insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in the brain and that this abnormality can be reversed by bariatric surgery.
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in the Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype
Authors: Appleton Sarah L. , Seaborn Christopher J. , Visvanathan Renuka , Hill Catherine L. , Gill Tiffany K. , Taylor Anne W. , Adams Robert J. ,   on behalf of the North West Adelaide Health Study Team
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE

To determine the correlates of the “metabolically healthy obese” (MHO) phenotype and the longitudinal risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD)/stroke associated with this phenotype.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The North West Adelaide Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 4,056 randomly selected adults aged ≥18 years. Participants free of CVD/stroke and not underweight (n = 3,743) were stratified by BMI categories and metabolic risk, defined as having two or more International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome criteria, excluding waist circumference.

RESULTS

Correlates of the MHO (n = 454 [12.1%]) included smoking, socioeconomic disadvantage, and physical inactivity. Compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight subjects (n = 1,172 [31.3%]), the MHO were more likely to develop metabolic risk (15.5 vs. 33.1%, P < 0.001) and incident diabetes (odds ratio 2.09 [95% CI 0.87–5.03]) but not CVD/stroke (1.16 [0.58–2.29]) during 5.5–10.3 years of follow-up. These risks were not seen in MHO subjects maintaining metabolic health (n = 188 [67%]). Sustained metabolic health in obese participants was associated with age ≤40 years and lower waist circumference. Compared with the metabolically at-risk obese, MHO women demonstrated a significantly higher (mean [SE]) percentage of leg fat (49.9 [0.5] vs. 53.2 [0.7]) and lower waist circumference (104 [0.6] vs. 101 cm [0.8]), despite no significant differences in overall adiposity.

CONCLUSIONS

“Healthy” obesity was a transient state for one-third of subjects. Persistence of a MHO phenotype, which was associated with favorable outcomes, was related to younger age and a more peripheral fat distribution. The MHO phenotype may be sustained by promoting lower waist circumferences.