bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plant traits regulated metal(loid)s in dominant herbs in an antimony mining area of the karst zone, China
Authors: Du Zhongyu , Wang Shufeng , Xing Wenli , Xue Liang , Xiao Jiang , Chen Guangcai
Published: August 2024

Understanding how plant functional traits respond to mining activities and impact metal(loid)s accumulation in dominant species is crucial for exploring the driving mechanisms behind plant community succession and predicting the ecological restoration potential of these plants. In this study, we investigated four dominant herbaceous species (Artemisia argyi, Miscanthus sinensis, Ficus tikoua, and Ageratina adenophora) growing on antimony (Sb) mining sites (MS) with high Sb and arsenic (As) levels, as well as non‐mining sites (NMS). The aim was to analyze the variations in functional traits and their contribution to Sb and As concentrations in plants. Our results indicate that mining activities enhanced soil nitrogen (N) limitation and phosphorus (P) enrichment, while significantly reducing the plant height of three species, except for F. tikoua. The four species absorbed more calcium (Ca) to ensure higher tolerance to Sb and As levels, which is related to the activation of Ca signaling pathways and defense mechanisms. Furthermore, plant Sb and As concentrations were dependent on soil metal(loid) levels and plant element stoichiometry. Overall, these findings highlight the regulatory role of plant element traits in metal(loid) concentrations, warranting widespread attention and further study in the future.
Single‐Electron Oxidation, Chloride Abstraction, and Hydride‐Induced Decomposition of a Dichloro‐Bis(Germylene)
Authors: He Yiyi , Souza Cauê P. , Weiser Jonas , Dietz Maximilian , Krummenacher Ivo , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger , Fantuzzi Felipe , Cui Jingjing
Published: August 2024

In this work we explore the reactivity of a dichloro‐bis(germylene) compound that features a naphthyridine diimine (NDI) ligand, denoted NDI‐Ge2Cl2. Upon reaction with the oxidant [Cp2Fe][BArF4] (Cp=C5H5, BArF4=[{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4B]), we observed the formation of the radical species [NDI‐Ge2Cl2]⋅+[BArF4]−. Furthermore, the introduction of Na[BArF4] induced a single chloride anion abstraction process, resulting in the formation of [NDI‐Ge2Cl][BArF4]. The addition of Li[HB(sBu)3] to NDI‐Ge2Cl2 led to the generation of NDI−Ge, presumably via a Cl/H exchange pathway followed by a decomposition process.
Effects of Taxon and Body Size on Mercury Concentrations in Spiders from Two Rivers with Different Levels of Mercury Contamination: Implications for the Use of Riparian Spiders as Sentinels
Authors: Todd Andrew C. , Chumchal Matthew M. , Drenner Ray W. , Allender Chris W. , Barst Benjamin D. , Capone Morgan T. , Degges Andrew P. , Hannappel Madeline P. , Perry Cale R. , Peterson Robert A. , Martinez Tori L. , Schmeder Iris E. , Williams Tyler T. , Willingham Macyn G.
Published: August 2024

Due to widespread atmospheric deposition of mercury (Hg), all aquatic food webs are contaminated with toxic methyl mercury (MeHg). At high concentrations, MeHg poses a health hazard to wildlife and humans. Spiders feeding in riparian habitats (hereafter referred to as riparian spiders) have been proposed as sentinels of MeHg contamination of aquatic systems. Riparian spiders are exposed to MeHg through their diets, and the concentration of MeHg in spiders is positively related to the proportion of MeHg-contaminated emergent aquatic insects in their diets. The use of spiders as sentinels is complex because their MeHg concentrations can vary, not only among ecosystems but also between different spider taxa and as a function of spider body size. The objective of the present study was to examine how the level of ecosystem contamination, spider taxon, and spider body size interact to influence MeHg concentrations in four genera of riparian spiders from two rivers with different levels of Hg contamination. We collected four genera of riparian spiders (Tetragnatha sp., Larinioides sp., Pardosa sp., and Rabidosa sp.) from two sites along both the Clear Fork of the Trinity River and the West Fork of the Trinity River (Fort Worth, TX, USA). We analyzed concentrations of MeHg in different body sizes of spiders from each genus. We found that MeHg contamination of the river ecosystem, spider taxon, and spider body size were important determinants of MeHg concentration in riparian spiders. The results suggest that any of the four taxa of riparian spiders from the present study could be used as sentinels of aquatic MeHg contamination, but they should not be used interchangeably because of the interdependence between the effects of ecosystem contamination level, spider taxon, and body size. Future studies utilizing riparian spiders as sentinels of biomagnifying aquatic contaminants (e.g., MeHg, polychlorinated biphenyls) should consider the potentially complex interaction effects between ecosystem contamination level, spider taxon, and spider body size. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2169–2175. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Fritillaria crassicaulis (Liliaceae): An addition to Flora of India and its typification
Authors: Dey Santanu , Phom Limamanen , Jing Vidi , Walling Tekameren , Chang Tongpangkokla , Krishna Gopal
Published: August 2024

Fritillaria crassicaulis S.C. Chen. (Liliaceae) is collected for the first time from Nagaland, India. This species so far is known from South‐Central China and Nepal. A detailed description along with field photograph, illustration, and key to Indian species of Fritillaria is provided for easy identification in the field. We also designate lectotypification for the name, Fritillaria crassicaulis S.C. Chen.
Adherence to melanoma screening and surveillance skin check schedules tailored to personal risk
Authors: Perera Methmi M. , Smit Amelia K. , Smith Andrea L. , Gallo Bruna , Tan Ivy , Espinoza David , Laginha Bela I. , Guitera Pascale , Martin Linda K. , Cust Anne E.
Published: August 2024

Population‐wide skin cancer screening is not currently recommended in most countries. Instead, most clinical guidelines incorporate risk‐based recommendations for skin checks, despite limited evidence around implementation and adherence to recommendations in practice. We aimed to determine adherence to personal risk‐tailored melanoma skin check schedules and explore reasons influencing adherence. Patients (with/without a previous melanoma) attending tertiary dermatology clinics at the Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia, were invited to complete a melanoma risk assessment questionnaire via iPad and provided with personal risk information alongside a risk‐tailored skin check schedule. Data were collected from the risk tool, clinician‐recorded data on schedule deviations, and appointment booking system. Post‐consultation, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with patients and clinic staff. We used a convergent segregated mixed methods approach for analysis. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and data were analysed thematically. Participant data were analysed from clinic records (n = 247) and interviews (n = 29 patients, 11 staff). Overall, there was 62% adherence to risk‐tailored skin check schedules. In cases of non‐adherence, skin checks tended to occur more frequently than recommended. Decisions to deviate were similarly influenced by patients (44%) and clinicians (56%). Themes driving non‐adherence among patients included anxiety and wanting autonomy around decision‐making, and among clinicians included concerns around specific lesions and risk estimate accuracy. There was moderate adherence to a clinical service program of personal risk‐tailored skin check recommendations. Further adherence may be gained by incorporating strategies to identify and assist patients with high levels of anxiety and supporting clinicians to communicate risk‐based recommendations with patients.
Biosystematic studies of the Rumex acetosella Complex (Polygonaceae): VIII. A taxonomic revision
Authors: Den Nijs J. C. M.
Published: August 2024

On the basis of the evidence accumulated from previously published studies a taxonomic revision is proposed, the data obtained by biosystematic inquiries being used here as far as they can contribute towards a practical classification of formal taxa. On the ground of the alternative characters angiocarpy – gymnocarpy and bi‐ to multifid versus undissected basal leaf lobes the R. acetosella complex is subdivided into 4 morphological entities each With a well‐defined distributional range. These “morphological” units are each compounded, in different relative quantities, of populations with the ploidy levels 2x, 4x and 6x which may hybridise in contact and overlap zones. With the stress laid on the considerable significance of their geographical distinction and recognition, for each of the four the rank of subspecies is proposed.

After a critical perusal of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of the members of the group, the following classification was arrived at:

R. acetosella L. ssp. acetosella: gymnocarpous, non‐multifid; N. W. Europe.

R. acetosella L. ssp. angiocarpus (Murb.) Murb. emend. Den Nijs: angiocarpous, non‐multifid; S. W. Europe.

R. acetosella L. ssp. multifidus (L.) Arc.: angiocarpous, multifid; C. and S. Italy, S. Jugoslavia.

R. acetosella L. ssp. acetoselloides (Bal.) Den Nijs: gymnocarpous, multifid; S. E. Europe, southern USSR.

A key to the European elements of the R. acetosella group is presented.
Beiträge zur Flora Zentralafrikas. I. Eine neue Nymphaea sowie ein neuer Streptocarpus aus Rwanda
Authors: Fischer Eberhard
Published: August 2024

In den Jahren 1984, 1985 und 1987 hatte der Verfasser Gelegenheit, während mehrmonatiger Forschungsaufenthalte das zentralafrikanische Land Rwanda zu besuchen. Dabei konnte auch eine Reihe neuer Sippen gesammelt werden, von denen zwei, Nymphaea thermarum und Sireptocarpus bindseili, hier beschrieben werden sollen.
Structure and distribution of stomata among some Nigerian dicotyledonous weeds
Authors: Ogbe F. M. Dania , Osawaru M. E.
Published: August 2024

Data on stomatal structure and distribution of 40 Nigerian dicotyledonous weeds are presented. Five stomatal types, paracytic, anomocytic, diacytic, anisocytic and pericytic were observed. The first three stomatal types occurred equally frequently. There were some species with two types or even three types of stomata on the same plant. Two species were hypostomatous and the others were amphistomatous. Stomatal indices ranged from 12 to 39.
Periosteal expansion osteogenesis using a tubular dynamic frame device: An experimental study in rats
Authors: Hoshi Karen , Imoto Kazuhiro , Yanagisawa Yuta , Nogami Shinnosuke , Unuma Hidero , Yamauchi Kensuke
Published: August 2024

Periosteal expansion osteogenesis (PEO) is a technique for augmenting bone by creating a gradual separation between the bone and periosteum. This study assessed PEO‐induced bone formation around the femurs of rats using a dynamic frame device (DFD), consisting of a shape memory membrane made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) formed into a tubular shape. The DFDs, consisting of a PET membrane coated with hydroxyapatite (HA)/gelatin on the bone‐contact surface, were inserted between the periosteum and bone of the femurs of rats. In the experimental group, DFDs were suture‐fixed to the femur with 4–0 Vicryl Rapid; in the control group, 4–0 silk thread was used for fixation. Five rats per group were euthanized at intervals of 3, 5, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Bone formation was evaluated via micro‐CT imaging, histomorphometry, and histological analysis. Morphological analysis revealed new bone between the femur and the periosteum, expanded by the DFD, in all groups. The mean values of new bone were 0.30 mm2 proximally, 0.18 mm2 centrally, and 0.82 mm2 distally in the control group, compared to 1.05 mm2 proximally, 0.27 mm2 centrally, and 0.84 mm2 distally in the experimental group. A significant difference in new bone was observed in the proximal region of the experimental group. Histological examination showed that a single layer of newly formed neoplastic bone was noted on the cortical bone surface across all sites. The proximal portion displayed a bone marrow cavity at the center, encircled by a thick bone cortex with a layered structure. New bone formation was notable between existing cortical bone and the periosteum, particularly at both ends of the DFD. The use of PET in PEO was a viable option for achieving ideal bone morphology.
Investigation of pollen morphology and viability of sweet and sour cherry genotypes by multivariate analysis
Authors: Rakonjac Vera , Nikolić Dragan , Čolić Slavica , Glišić Ivana , Đorđević Milena , Popovska Melpomena , Radičević Sanja
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the dimensions and surface morphology of pollen grains of some sweet and sour cherry genotypes through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an additional alternative identification tool. In vitro pollen germination and pollen tube length as indicators of their viability were determined as well. Observations were carried on 10 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and 7 sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genotypes. All genotypes had prolate, tricolpate pollen grains, and striate exine ornamentation, with more parallel longitudinal ridges. Significant differences among genotypes within species and between species were found for most pollen grain characteristics and exine ornamentation. In both sweet and sour cherry the largest variability was recorded for colpus length (CV = 15.0% and 12.9%, respectively). For sweet cherry genotypes, in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube length ranged between 1.4% to 51.5% and 360.4 to 669.3 μm respectively, while for sour cherries they ranged from 15.5% to 37.0% and 96.3 to 960.2 μm, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed that in vitro pollen germination correlated positively with pollen length/pollen width (L/W) ratio (r = .640) and furrow width (r = .588), and negatively with the number of ridges (r = −.517), while pollen tube length was not significantly correlated with any of the studied characteristics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that pollen length, pollen width, L/W ratio, colpus length, mesocolpium width, and ridge width are relevant tools to discriminate among the studied genotypes. The measurements made on pollen grains did not reveal individually big differences, but when all features were considered together, the pollen of each genotype exhibited a unique pattern. The distribution on the scatter plot showed considerable variation among sweet and sour cherry genotypes based on pollen morphological characteristics, which led to their distribution into two separate groups. This demonstrates the ability to distinguish cherry species based on pollen morphological characteristics determined by SEM. To improve discriminative ability for genotypes within species combination between pollen ultrastructural analysis, morphological and molecular markers is desirable, in subsequent work.

Research Highlights

Significant differences in pollen characteristics between sweet and sour cherry.

Significance of pollen morphology in taxonomic differentiation.

Significance of SEM studies for the taxonomic identification.
Steatosis, inflammation, fibroprogression, and cirrhosis in remnant liver post‐liver donation
Authors: Jacob Jeby , Joseph Amal , Nair Harikumar R , Prasad Geevarghese Prajob , Kumar Vijosh V , Padmakumari Lekshmi Thattamuriyil
Published: August 2024

Background and Aim

This is a cross‐sectional observational study conducted on living liver donors focusing on “long‐term remnant liver health” specifically looking at steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis using multiparametric ultra sonological evaluation and noninvasive blood tests.

Methods

Multiparametric ultrasound evaluation included assessment of shear wave elastography (fibrosis), sound speed plane wave ultrasound, attenuation plane wave ultrasound (steatosis), and viscosity plane wave ultrasound (inflammation). Blood test based APRI and FIB‐4 were calculated. Liver biopsy was performed if noninvasive evaluation pointed toward clinically relevant fibro progression (F4).

Results

Out of 36 donors, significant fibrosis (>F2) was found in 11 donors (30.5%), seven donors (19.4%) had severe fibrosis (>F3), and two donors had shear wave elastography values suggestive of cirrhosis(F4). Of these two, one donor was extensively evaluated and was found to have biopsy proven cirrhosis with endoscopic evidence of portal hypertension. The prevalence of fatty liver disease in our study group was 50%.

Conclusion

We report the first liver donor cohort with fibroprogression and cirrhosis occurring in the remnant liver. Our donor cohort with a significant proportion having steatosis and fibroprogression underscores the importance of regular follow‐up of liver donors and evaluation of remnant liver.
Natural disease course of chronic visceral acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in adults: A first step toward treatment criteria
Authors: Eskes Eline C. B. , van Dussen Laura , Brands Marion M. M. G. , Vaz Frédéric M. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , van Kuilenburg André B. P. , Sjouke Barbara , Hollak Carla E. M.
Published: August 2024

Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) is an ultra‐rare lysosomal storage disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations ranging from severe neuropathic forms to attenuated, chronic visceral forms. Manifestations of the chronic visceral subtype are variable and encompass different degrees of hepatosplenomegaly, pulmonary disease and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to provide insights into the natural course of adult patients with the chronic visceral subtype. Based on these insights, we proposed tentative criteria for initiation and follow‐up of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). The data of 23 adult patients were collected in a prospective study. Clinical, genetic and demographic data, plasma measurements, abdominal imaging, pulmonary imaging, pulmonary function tests and quality of life questionnaires were collected. Stability of disease based on several clinical, biochemical and radiological markers (i.e., spleen volume, platelet levels, liver volume, alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide [DLCO] chitotriosidase activity and lysosphingomyelin [LSM]) was assessed. Cardiovascular risk was estimated based on sex, age, smoking, systolic blood pressure and lipid profile. Quality of life was evaluated with the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Median follow‐up was 6.1 years (range 1.3–19.5 years). The most common manifestations were splenomegaly (100%), decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) plasma levels (83%), (signs of) steatosis measured with transient elastography (82%), thrombocytopenia (64%), hepatomegaly (52%) and decreased diffusion capacity (45%). The majority of markers remained stable during follow‐up. Twelve patients showed progression of disease: four for spleen volume, two for liver volume, three for DLCO, seven for chitotriosidase activity and three for LSM. One patient showed progression of disease based on four markers, although this patient did not report any problems at the last visit. Cardiovascular risk was estimated and was increased in half of the patients older than 40 years. Patient‐reported quality of life did not differ from the general population, but differences in median 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) scores of patients with severe pulmonary involvement and those of patients without pulmonary involvement were observed. Tentative criteria for initiation and effect of therapy were proposed. In conclusion, the chronic visceral subtype of ASMD showed a predominantly stable disease course in this cohort. We propose that ERT should be initiated on an individual basis and only in case of progression or symptomatic disease. Collection and analysis of real world data are necessary to refine start, stop and follow‐up criteria in the future.
Mentoring in Virtual Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs
Authors: Richardson Sydney D. , Arias‐Conejo Reuter Brenda
Published: August 2024

Interdisciplinary and online graduate programs have been in existence for decades; yet universities often operate from a disciplinary, campus‐based tradition. This can lead to challenges in faculty and student mentoring and student research engagement when expectations mirror a noninterdisciplinary, traditional on‐campus model. However, positive mentoring experiences can develop when everyone thinks creatively. The current article highlights research on virtual mentoring of graduate students, mentoring of graduate students in interdisciplinary programs, and ways in which one online graduate program engaged students in a scholar‐practitioner leadership development event. The current article concludes with recommendations on ways to engage students in the mentoring and research process, especially those who are distance‐learning students in interdisciplinary programs.
“Having our say” revisited: Wellness of Black women counselors
Authors: Erby Adrienne N. , Jones Connie T. , DeCree Shekyra
Published: August 2024

As a subset of a larger mixed‐methods study of Black counselor wellness, a sequential explanatory research design was used to explore the relationship between the Strong Black Woman (SBW) schema and wellness in Black women counselors. Regression results indicated the SBW schema was a statistically significant predictor of wellness. Grounded in critical Black feminist theory, an interpretative phenomenological analysis of focus group data identified five themes of wellness and coping for Black women counselors.
Ethnic identity, negative media portrayal, and psychological well‐being in Arab‐American youth: Mediation analysis
Authors: Dari Tahani , Saleem Muniba , Nassar Sylvia , Abou‐Dahech Hala
Published: August 2024

Researchers have increasingly identified a growing concern in the lack of attention given to factors intertwined with the mental health and well‐being of Arab‐American youth. To circumvent this problem, we applied a community‐based participatory research (CBPR) design to a sample of Arab‐American youth with the mean age of 13.72 years. We discuss the implications for professional counseling and other mental health interventions with Arab‐American youth, as well as provide directions for future research.
Associations Between Brain Metabolites Measured With MR Spectroscopy and Head Impacts in High School American Football Athletes
Authors: Liu Zexuan , Dudley Jonathan A. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Ahmed Nadine , Edmondson Alex D. , Cecil Kim M. , Yuan Weihong , Zuleger Taylor M. , Slutsky‐Ganesh Alexis B. , Barber Foss Kim D. , Myer Gregory D. , Fleischer Candace C.
Published: August 2024

Background

While changes in brain metabolites after injury have been reported, relationships between metabolite changes and head impacts are less characterized.

Purpose

To investigate alterations in neurochemistry in high school athletes as a function of head impacts, concussion, and the use of a jugular vein compression (JVC) collar.

Study Type

Prospective controlled trial.

Subjects

A total of 284 male American football players, divided into JVC collar and noncollar groups; 215 included in final analysis (age = 15.9 ± 1.0 years; 114 in collar group).

Field Strength/Sequence

3 Tesla/T1‐weighted gradient echo, 1H point resolved spectroscopy, acquired between August and November 2018.

Assessment

Head impacts were quantified using accelerometers. Concussion was diagnosed by medical professionals for each team. Pre‐ to postseason differences in total N‐acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline (tCho), myo‐inositol (myoI), and glutamate + glutamine (Glx), in primary motor cortex (M1) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), relative to total creatine (tCr), were determined.

Statistical Tests

Group‐wise comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed‐rank, Friedman's, and Mann–Whitney U tests. Relationships between ∆metabolite/tCr and mean g‐force were analyzed using linear regressions accounting for concussion and JVC collar. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results

In participants without concussion, a significant decrease in tCho/tCr (0.233 ± 1.40 × 10−3 to 0.227 ± 1.47 × 10−7) and increase in Glx/tCr (1.60 ± 8.75 × 10−3 to 1.63 ± 1.08 × 10−2) in ACC were observed pre‐ to postseason. The relationship between ∆tCho/tCr in M1 and ACC and mean g‐force from >80 g to >140 g differed significantly between participants with and without concussion (M1 β ranged from 3.9 × 10−3 to 2.1 × 10−3; ACC β ranged from 2.7 × 10−3 to 2.1 × 10−3). Posthoc analyses revealed increased tCho/tCr in M1 was positively associated with mean g‐force >100 g (β = 3.6 × 10−3) and >110 g (β = 2.9 × 10−3) in participants with concussion. Significant associations between in ACC and mean g‐force >110 g (β = −1.1 × 10−3) and >120 g (β = −1.1 × 10−3) were observed in the collar group only.

Data Conclusion

Diagnosed concussion and the use of a JVC collar result in distinct neurochemical trends after repeated head impacts.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Assessing the impact of temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation on fucoxanthin colour changes, antioxidant activity and the resulting metabolites
Authors: Yusof Zuhaili , Lim Vuanghao , Khong Nicholas Mun Hoe , Choo Wee Sim , Foo Su Chern
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The present study evaluated the effects of temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation on fucoxanthin changes in terms of colour, antioxidant activity and metabolomic profile. Additionally, the correlation between antioxidant activity and identified metabolites was analysed.

RESULTS

It was found that colour change was significantly reduced at elevated heat (100 °C, *∆E = 0.81 ± 0.05), reduced pH (pH 3, *∆E = 0.59 ± 0.04) and length of light exposure (*∆E = 3.16 ± 0.04). Antioxidant activity decreased under all treatments. Among the temperatures tested, fucoxanthin exhibited the highest activity at 60 °C, ranging from 0.92 to 3.04 mg Trolox equivalents (TE) g−1. Significant activity reductions (P < 0.05) were observed as a result of pH changes in the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and β‐carotene bleaching assays. Exposure to light 2: warm white lamp for 120 h significantly reduced antioxidant activity (0.01 to 1.70 mg TE g−1). Chemical oxidation also led to reduced activity, ranging from 0.18 to 0.29 mg TE g−1. Multivariate data analysis revealed distinct profiles for temperature, pH, light and chemical oxidation treatments. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)‐based metabolomics analysis identified 10 metabolites, and significant correlations (P < 0.05) indicate that these metabolites contributed to the samples' antioxidant activities.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, fucoxanthin tolerates well at 60 °C, within pH range 3–9, and within 8 h of light exposure, as indicated by its consistent antioxidant activity and minimal colour change. Each treatment resulted in distinct metabolite concentrations, as shown by LC‐MS/MS‐based metabolomics analysis. Further research into these metabolites could advance the understanding of their roles and aid in optimising processing conditions to favour beneficial metabolites. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The revised Clinician‐Administered PTSD scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5‐R): Initial psychometric evaluation in a trauma‐exposed community sample
Authors: Jackson Brianna N. , Weathers Frank W. , Jeffirs Stephanie M. , Preston Thomas J. , Brydon Cassidy M.
Published: August 2024

The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5) is a widely used, well‐validated structured interview for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was recently revised to improve various aspects of administration and scoring. We conducted a psychometric evaluation of the revised version, known as the CAPS‐5‐R. Participants were 73 community residents with mixed trauma exposure (e.g., sexual assault, physical assault, transportation accident, the unnatural death of a loved one). CAPS‐5‐R PTSD diagnosis demonstrated good test–retest reliability, кs = .73–.79; excellent interrater reliability, кs = .86–.93; and good‐to‐excellent alternate forms reliability with the CAPS‐5, кs = .79–.93. In addition, the CAPS‐5‐R total PTSD severity score demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .86; interrater reliability, ICC = .98; and alternate forms reliability with the CAPS‐5, r = .95. Further, the CAPS‐5‐R demonstrated good convergent validity with other measures of PTSD and good discriminant validity with measures of other constructs (e.g., depression, anxiety, alcohol problems, somatic concerns, mania). Given its strong psychometric performance in this study, as well as its improvements in administration and scoring, the CAPS‐5‐R appears to be a valuable update of the current CAPS‐5.
Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Endolymphatic Sac Tumors: A Single‐Center Experience of 29 Patients
Authors: Yang Yuanyuan , Li Feitian , Ma Mengye , Dai Chunfu
Published: August 2024

Objective

To analyze the clinical features and surgical outcomes of patients with endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs).

Study Design

Single institution retrospective cohort study.

Methods

The clinical data of 29 patients with 30 ELSTs who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Information on patient demographics, tumor size and grade, intraoperative blood loss volume, hearing and facial nerve outcomes, and follow‐up data was collected and analyzed.

Results

The main symptoms were hearing loss in 26 ELSTs (86.7%) and tinnitus in 17 (56.7%). Twenty‐four (80%) ELSTs were in advanced stages (Grade III). The median tumor volume was 6.35 cm3. The median intraoperative blood loss volume was 300 mL. Facial nerve function was well preserved in 21 patients. Among all patients with Grade III tumors, 12 patients underwent tension‐free anterior facial nerve rerouting, and 11 patients (91.7%) maintained good facial nerve function postoperatively (HB I and HB II). Only one patient exhibited permanent vocal cord paralysis, and no patients experienced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage postoperatively. Gross total resection was achieved in 22 patients (73.3%), 5 patients (16.7%) experienced tumor recurrence, and 3 (10%) had residual tumors.

Conclusions

Most ELSTs tend to be diagnosed in the advanced stage. Tension‐free anterior facial nerve rerouting could maximally preserve facial nerve function. The intraoperative blood loss volume was associated with tumor size and stage. Tumor recurrence tends to occur at the posterior edge of the petrosal bone, internal auditory canal, and surface of the posterior fossa. Given the relatively high recurrence rate of ELSTs, long‐term follow‐up is recommended.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Nanoliter‐Scale Light–Matter Interaction in a Fiber‐Tip Cavity Enables Sensitive Photothermal Gas Detection
Authors: Yan Yue , Xiao Xunzhou , Nie Qinxue , Wang Zhen , Chen Yifan , Wu Jiahao , Zhou Nansen , Zhou Renjie , Yang Sen , Ren Wei
Published: August 2024

Laser spectroscopy offers a significant tool for revealing specific molecular details with the desired accuracy and sensitivity. However, it poses challenges to maintain high sensitivity when targeting a micro‐region. Here, a dual‐enhanced photothermal approach is presented using a high‐finesse fiber Fabry–Pérot (F–P) cavity, tailored for highly sensitive chemical sensing with nanoliter‐scale light–matter interaction. A spheric surface (diameter: 50 µm, radius of curvature: 910 µm) is created on the fiber tip using focused ion beam milling. By adding a high‐reflectivity dielectric coating to the spheric surface, a fiber F–P cavity is obtained with a length of 473 µm and a finesse exceeding 4000. The intra‐cavity pump light within the gas‐filled fiber cavity generates a strong photothermal effect upon gas absorption. This effect induces phase modulation, which is amplified and detected by coupling a probe laser to the fiber cavity‐based interferometer. A minimum detection limit of 10 parts‐per‐billion (ppb) of C2H2 at 1530.37 nm is demonstrated using only 1 mW of pump power, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 9.1×10−11 cm−1∙W∙Hz−1/2. This platform breaks the bottleneck of ultrasensitive gas detection with a very short light–matter interaction length, promising significant advancements in microscale chemical analysis through optical investigations.
Optimal extended warranty strategy considering channel perception and endogenous quality
Authors: Zhang Keang , Zhang Tao , Gao Shang
Published: August 2024

Extended warranties (EWs) are common in online sales, available from various providers. Manufacturers are typically perceived as better repairers, making their EWs more valuable than retailers'. We explore four cases: no provider (Model N), manufacturer‐provided (Model M), retailer‐provided (Model R), and dual‐provider (Model B). Initially, we analyze exogenous quality, then consider endogenous quality with variable failure rates (Models VN, VM, VR, and VB). While product demand is consistent, EW demand varies across models. Dual‐channel EWs (Model B/VB) maintain manufacturer EW demand but reduce retailer EW demand. They increase profits under exogenous quality but may not under endogenous quality.
In utero morphological and functional properties of bovine trophoblastic vesicles
Authors: Kagawa Shinjiro , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Bai Hanako , Takahashi Masashi , Kawahara Manabu
Published: August 2024

In many mammals, including ruminants, pregnancy requires pregnancy recognition signaling molecules secreted by the conceptus; however, the mechanism underlying pregnancy establishment in cattle remains unknown. Trophoblastic vesicles (TVs) are artificially produced from the extraembryonic tissues of the elongating conceptus and may be useful tools for understanding conception. This study investigated the morphological and functional properties of TVs in comparison to those of intact conceptuses. TVs were prepared from the extraembryonic tissues of conceptuses collected 14 days after artificial insemination (AI), cryopreserved immediately after dissection, and cultured after thawing for subsequent transplantation into the uterus. The transferred TVs were collected 7 days after transplantation and compared with extraembryonic tissue samples collected from conceptuses at 21 days post‐AI. The recovered TVs were 40 times longer than those of their pre‐transplant counterparts. Microscopic evaluation revealed that their membrane structures consisted of trophoblast and hypoblast layers. The expression patterns of the cell differentiation markers, CDX2, SOX2, and GATA6, and interferon tau (IFNT) protein expression levels in the TVs were similar to those in control extraembryonic tissue samples. These findings suggest that TVs are capable of morphological elongation and maintain IFNT production in a similar way as original trophoblasts.
Some remarks on Lode angle and Lode parameter
Authors: Bruhns Otto T.
Published: August 2024

In the literature of plasticity, the variables Lode angle and Lode parameter are increasingly used as coordinates to describe the stress space when defining suitable yield or limit conditions ‐ often, however, without any or only alleged reference to the original work of Walter Lode. The present study will attempt to clarify this situation and provide an appraisal and classification of Lode's work.
Optimization of Nile rose role as a bio‐filler for green natural rubber composites
Authors: El Mogy Soma A. , El‐Wakil A. A. , Halim Sawsan F. , Abdel‐Hakim Ahmed
Published: August 2024

The valorization of plant wastes for developing environmentally friendly composites has garnered increasing attention over the past two decades. The management of a significant quantity of Nile rose plant waste presents a mounting challenge, particularly in light of escalating water demand. This study delves into the impact of Nile rose fiber (RF) loading and utilizing Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) as a coupling agent on the characteristics of a composite comprising RF and natural rubber (NR). The verification of the fiber structure treated with silane (TF) was accomplished via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The crosslinking between the NR matrix and the fibers is promoted by the formation of siloxane (SiOSi) linkages in 1050–1100 cm−1. An extensive evaluation of the impact of RF on the characteristics of NR composite was conducted, encompassing morphological properties, mechanical characteristics, and water absorption resistance. The results of the morphological analysis revealed that the modification of RF with silane enhanced the interfacial adhesion between RF and NR. Furthermore, the tensile strength (TS) of NR increases to values of 7.31 and 8.5 MPa by an improvement of 61% and 88% when 10 and 15 phr of TF are added, respectively. Moreover, rubber composites with silane exhibited superior water resistance to those without it across various filler loadings. Specifically, the composite with 20 phr TF absorbed 7% water, whereas the counterpart with untreated fiber (RF) absorbed 12.5% water. The analysis of swelling validated that the interaction between the RF and NR is significantly impacted by the modification of fiber and its incorporation into the composite, as evidenced by the decreased swelling index values from 367% to 298% observing in composites incorporating TF as opposed to those containing RF.

Highlights

Silane treatment improves the interaction between RF and NR.

The TF and NR matrix interacted more and developed an interfacial bonding.

The rate of vulcanization is accelerated in the presence of treated RF.

TF/NR composites have fewer voids and microcracks, inhibiting water diffusion.

15% TF content optimal for good physical and mechanical properties.
Sliding wear characteristics of epoxy composites reinforced with steel wire and flax fiber mats: An experimental and analytical study
Authors: Bhoi Subham Kumar , Satapathy Alok
Published: August 2024

This study evaluates the sliding wear behavior of hybrid composites made of epoxy reinforced with alternating layers of flax fiber mats and steel wire mesh. The aim is to enhance the wear resistance of flax fiber‐epoxy composites by incorporating steel wire mesh. Specifically, three composite types are produced by varying their stacking sequences using the simple hand layup technique. Dry sliding wear tests are performed on a pin‐on‐disc test rig under different conditions according to ASTM G99 standard. Taguchi analysis is performed using an L25 orthogonal array and it reveals that sliding velocity is the most critical factor, followed by normal load, in affecting the wear rate of the steel‐flax‐epoxy hybrid composite. Subsequently, a steady‐state wear analysis shows that sliding velocity and normal load increase the specific wear rate (SWR), while steel reinforcement decreases it. ANOVA results indicate that sliding velocity significantly impacts wear rates to the extent of 69.47% for flax‐epoxy composite and more than 70% for flax‐steel‐epoxy composites. Additionally, electron microscopy is used to study the worn surfaces of the composites to determine the wear mechanisms.

Highlights

Successful fabrication of flax‐steel wire mesh reinforced hybrid composites.

Wear behavior of multi‐layer composites with different stacking sequence.

Use of statistical technique for the prediction of wear rate.

Wear mechanisms are identified using electron microscopy.
A new logarithmic multiplicative distortion for correlation analysis
Authors: Deng Siming , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2024

We study the Pearson correlation coefficient in a logarithmic manner under the presence of multiplicative distortion measurement errors. In this context, the observed variables with logarithmic transformation are distorted in multiplicative fashions by an observed confounding variable. The proposed multiplicative distortion model in this paper is applied to analyze positive variables. We utilize the conditional mean calibration and the conditional absolute mean calibration methods to obtain the calibrated variables. Furthermore, we propose confidence intervals based on asymptotic normality, empirical likelihood, and jackknife empirical likelihood. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation procedure, and a real‐world example is analyzed to illustrate its practical application.
TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI Heterostructure Photocatalyst for Efficient Removal of Congo Red Dye under Simulated Sunlight
Authors: Shi Xiulong , Tuo Biyang , Wang Shengqing , Wang Jianli , Deng Yaxin , Zhang Xvjun
Published: August 2024

TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI heterostructure photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity was prepared by the composite modification and sol‐gel procedure. TiO2 nanoparticles highly dispersed on the surface of TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI, which provides sufficient active sites for the photocatalytic degradation process. The photodegradation performance of the photocatalyst was evaluated by the removal rate of Congo Red. The researches showed that the degradation effect of TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI for Congo Red is significantly stronger than that of TiO2 and BiOCl‐BiOI, which is mainly due to the type‐II heterojunction structure of TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI and its enhanced visible‐light response. The experiments of free radical capture indicated that ⋅
and
are the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation system. This study showed that TiO2@BiOCl‐BiOI can almost completely degrade Congo Red under simulated sunlight, making it the harmless substances such as H2O and CO2.
Instant Synthesis of 2,5‐Diformylfuran from Concentrated 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural without Catalyst and Organic Solvent
Authors: Ai Shuo , Huang Zhenhua , Yu Wanguo , Gao Kaili , Feng Zhenhua
Published: August 2024

5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was transformed into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) with nitric acid as the oxidant. The initial HMF content was as high as 12.5 wt %, and water was the sole solvent. This is an intensely exothermic reaction along with the emission of NO2 gas. A high DFF yield of 83.2 % was achieved if the oxidation ability of nitric acid matched with the requirement of target oxidation reaction while mismatched those of side reactions by regulating the initial concentration of nitric acid (59.5 wt %) and reaction temperature (50–60 °C). The oxidation reaction of HMF, overoxidation of HMF, and skeleton‐cracking reaction of FDCA preferred concentrated HNO3, hot HNO3, and concentrated or hot HNO3, respectively. After liquid‐liquid extraction, filtration, and column chromatography, light‐yellow DFF powders with purity of 92.1 wt % and isolated yield of 40.2 % were obtained and confirmed by NMR, FTIR, UV‐Vis, and elemental analysis. HMF was the dominant impurity due to its affinity to DFF. In addition, chromogenic substances were obtained as a byproduct, and they were potential pH indicators. These chromogenic substances had highly conjugated molecular structures, and they were generated via successive β‐protonation‐based ring‐opening reaction of HMF, aldol reaction, and dehydration reaction.
Two Birds with One Stone: Impedance–Voltage Dual‐Mode Low Humidity Sensor Based on LiBr‐MOF‐801 with High Response
Authors: Wu Ke , Yang Wenjie , Guo Lulu , Yang Zhimin , Jiao Mingzhi
Published: August 2024

Dual‐mode humidity sensors have received wide attention in recent years due to their great potential in multifunction applications. Herein, following a “two birds with one stone” strategy, a dual‐mode and self‐powered low humidity sensor based on LiBr‐MOF‐801 with high response and power generation is proposed. The optimized LiBr‐MOF‐801‐based sensor exhibits impedance–voltage dual‐mode sensitivity in the low humidity range of 0–23% relative humidity (RH) with high response (57.1 and 0.61 V), small hysteresis (0.3% RH) and good long‐term stability at room temperature (20 °C). Moreover, an integrated humidity power generator is obtained by series connection of the self‐powered humidity sensor within 15 cm2, and the output voltage reaches 2.6 V with an output power density of 110 nW cm−2, and can be used as energy, supplying power to commercial electronic equipment even in low humidity. This work provides a new sight for fabricating high‐performance, dual‐mode, and self‐powered low‐humidity sensors.
Unveiling Ru(bpy)32+‐Encapsulated Zeolite Y as Photocatalyst: Harnessing Photocatalytic Singlet Oxygen Generation for Mustard Gas Simulant Detoxification
Authors: Kim Sumin , Kim Yeonjoon , Kim Hyun Sung
Published: August 2024

This study explores the encapsulation of Ru(bpy)32+ within Zeolite Y (ZY) to improve photocatalytic singlet oxygen generation for the degradation of a mustard gas simulant, namely 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). Mustard gas simulants are known to disrupt several biological processes; thus, their effective degradation is essential. Zeolite Y, with its hierarchical structure and adjustable Si/Al ratios, is an ideal host for Ru(bpy)32+, significantly improving its photocatalytic efficiency and stability. It is demonstrated through XRD and spectroscopic analyses that encapsulated Ru(bpy)32+ maintains its structural and photophysical properties, which are essential for generating singlet oxygen. Ru(bpy)3(1.0) loaded ZY(15) (where 1.0 and 15 represent the encapsulated amount of Ru(bpy)32+ and Si/Al ratio, respectively) outperforms other investigated photocatalytic systems in the oxidation of CEES, demonstrating high conversion rates and selectivity toward nontoxic sulfoxide products. Immobilization of Ru(bpy)32+‐encapsulated zeolite Y onto cotton fabric results in effective degradation of CEES. The experimental results, validated by theoretical calculations, indicate an improved oxygen affinity and accessibility in zeolites with higher Si/Al ratios. This study advances the design of photocatalytic materials for environmental and defense applications, providing sustainable solutions for hazardous chemical degradation.
Realising metamorphic transformation in the mirror of Tamkeen: Growing a shared understanding from co‐reflected lived experiences
Authors: Klein Louis , Kadaoui Karima
Published: August 2024

Our shared understanding of the being and becoming of social ecosystems informs and forms their being and becoming. Hence, a process that grows a shared understanding from co‐reflected lived experiences is as much an inquiry process as it is a transformation process. Such a process recognises and realises the evolution of the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of social ecosystems. Such a process recognises and realises humanising social ecosystems in a process of metamorphic transformation. This paper shares the experience‐based, relationship‐oriented, co‐created and co‐facilitated, process of inquiry, learning and understanding, embedded in epistemic humility, trusting our human potential, trusting our humanity, realising the essentiality and existentiality of love, as experienced in the context of the Moroccan Tamkeen Community Foundation for Human Development and its partners and co‐reflected in the mirror of a socio‐systemic complexity evaluation. This paper invites a growing understanding of metamorphic transformation beyond the prevalent discourses of social innovation and systems change, and it explores its implications for critical systems research transcending itself in the mirror of Tamkeen.