bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiles of Cough and Associated Risk Factors in Nonhospitalized Individuals With SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Infection: Cross-Sectional Online Survey in China
Authors: Xu Tingting , Chen Yuehan , Zhan Wenzhi , Chung Kian Fan , Qiu Zhongmin , Huang Kewu , Chen Ruchong , Xie Jiaxing , Wang Gang , Zhang Min , Wang Xuefen , Yao Hongmei , Liao Xiuqing , Zhang Yunhui , Zhang Guojun , Zhang Wei , Sun Dejun , Zhu Jia , Jiang Shujuan , Feng Juntao , Zhao Jianping , Sun Gengyun , Huang Huaqiong , Zhang Jianyong , Wang Lingwei , Wu Feng , Li Suyun , Xu Pusheng , Chi Chunhua , Chen Ping , Jiang Mei , He Wen , Huang Lianrong , Luo Wei , Li Shiyue , Zhong Nanshan , Lai Kefang ,   China Cough Coalition
Published: February 2024

Background

Cough is a common symptom during and after COVID-19 infection; however, few studies have described the cough profiles of COVID-19.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors of severe and persistent cough in individuals with COVID-19 during the latest wave of the Omicron variant in China.

Methods

In this nationwide cross-sectional study, we collected information of the characteristics of cough from individuals with infection of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant using an online questionnaire sent between December 31, 2022, and January 11, 2023.

Results

There were 11,718 (n=7978, 68.1% female) nonhospitalized responders, with a median age of 37 (IQR 30-47) years who responded at a median of 16 (IQR 12-20) days from infection onset to the time of the survey. Cough was the most common symptom, occurring in 91.7% of participants, followed by fever, fatigue, and nasal congestion (68.8%-87.4%). The median cough visual analog scale (VAS) score was 70 (IQR 50-80) mm. Being female (odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% CI 1.20-1.43), having a COVID-19 vaccination history (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.37-2.12), current smoking (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.41-0.58), chronic cough (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.69-2.45), coronary heart disease (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.17-2.52), asthma (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.46), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.45) were independent factors for severe cough (VAS>70, 37.4%). Among all respondents, 35.0% indicated having a productive cough, which was associated with risk factors of being female (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.31-1.57), having asthma (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.52-2.22), chronic cough (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.19-1.74), and GERD (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47). Persistent cough (>3 weeks) occurred in 13.0% of individuals, which was associated with the risk factors of having diabetes (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.30-3.85), asthma (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.11-2.62), and chronic cough (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.32-2.94).

Conclusions

Cough is the most common symptom in nonhospitalized individuals with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infection. Being female, having asthma, chronic cough, GERD, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and a COVID-19 vaccination history emerged as independent factors associated with severe cough, productive cough, and persistent cough.
LEARNING ASSESSMENT AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS AND ITS RELATION TO CLASSROOM PERFORMANCE
Authors: YaNan Yang
Published: February 2024

This paper examines the relationship between learning assessment among college students and classroom performance. It explores the different methods of assessment used in higher education settings, their impact on student learning, and how they influence student performance in the classroom. The study suggests that effective assessment practices enhance student engagement, motivation, and understanding of the subject matter, ultimately leading to improved academic performance. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for educators to implement effective assessment strategies in college classrooms.
Remodeling in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) design and parameters for the sustained production of electricity
Authors: Farooq Mohammad , Islam Hanif Ul , Khan Adil , Khan Salman , Mohammad Sardar , AL-Ansi Waleed
Published: February 2024

In the recent years Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have gained much attention as an alternate source of sustainable power production. In MFCs the bacteria at anode are used as catalyst for extraction of electrons from biodegradable substrate. In the present study bacteria having electricity production potential were isolated from pond’s sludge and were identified using different microscopic, staining techniques and with the help of different biochemical tests. Double chambered MFCs were constructed to check the ability of those bacteria for current generation. Initially double chambered MFC was constructed using 250 ml of sludge as a source and maximum current produced was 119 mV. This experiment was repeated using 500 ml of mixed culture and the maximum current production of 169 mV was recorded. Glucose, peptone and yeast extract were used as a substrate for the growth and current production by bacteria. Different parameters such as chemical mediators, different electrode types and sizes and salt-bridge concentrations were utilized for production and amplification of current generated in MFC. Methylene blue indicator dye was found suitable for enhancing current in MFCs for short time. Two modes of feeding were used to increase the lifetime of cell i.e., and from the results of current study, it was concluded that fed batch mode was more effective as compared to non-fed batch culture.
Expatriation as Laboratory in Ernest Hemingway’s and James Baldwin’s Parisian Memoirs
Authors: Toumi Dr. Rachid
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the themes of expatriation and identity in Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast and James Baldwin’s Notes of a Native Son. It examines the meaning and the function of expatriation and how it relates to the search for personal identity for both American writers by looking at the intertext of their Parisian memoirs. It shows how these transatlantic authors strategically use expatriate space as a laboratory to reconstruct personal identity as individuals and as artists via the high level of intellectualism self-exile stimulates in a social context characterized by alienation.
A Study on Techno-Nationalism, an Emerging Trend in the 21st Century India
Authors: Gopikrishna Dr. P. , Premraj Dr. J. Anil , Manikandan Dr. A. , Vinothkumar Dr. M. , Ajayendra R. , Raja Dr. S. , Dasigan Chen Chen E. , Nivardhan R. , Harish D. , Dr. A. Rushikesava Dr. A. , Koushik M.Venkata Sai
Published: February 2024

Techno-nationalism is a nationalistic and ideological movement that also serves to understand the social and cultural effects of technology on the citizens of a country. Techno-nationalism is a fusion of the two words "Technology and Nationalism," in which they are politically focused together on the advancement of the country in terms of technology and its related dynamics. Initially, it was started in Europe and North America, then later in the twentieth century, various nations begin to make use of Techno-nationalism, and China has mastered this concept for their advancement. anyway, the main objective of this paper is to examine and prove the roots and growth of the Techno-nationalist movement in the world as well as in India and China's hostility to the emergence of Techno-nationalism in India and in its citizens with the support of different eminent references. In this context, a survey also conducted to prove the emergence of the Techno-nationalism in India. Respondents are common Indian people who will fall within the categories of different sectors and analyzed this data through the references of many technological, cultural, scientific, social, historical theories respectively.
Soil Analyser - Revolutionizing Agriculture through Wireless Sensor Networks and Machine Learning
Authors: D Dr Kalaivani , Kamate Nikhil , Gawade Om , Matruprasad Pinaki , Sai Vamsi Krishna
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Crop yield analysis, traditionally dependent on the experiential knowledge of farmers, has undergone a transformative revolution with the advent of machine learning. Anticipating yields stands as a critical concern for farmers eager for insights into their upcoming harvests. In the past, such predictions relied on a farmer's intimate familiarity with their specific field and crop. However, the challenge has persisted in effectively leveraging available data. Enter machine learning-a rapidly advancing field with compelling solutions. This research introduces a system that utilizes historical agricultural data to forecast crop yields. By employing sophisticated machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine and Random Forest, this system not only predicts yields but also recommends optimal fertilizers for each crop. At its core, the emphasis is on constructing a robust predictive model that reliably anticipates future crop production. The paper meticulously delves into the realm of crop yield prediction, exploring the subject through the lens of advanced machine learning techniques.
Journeying through Query Verse: A MERN-Stack Implementation for Dynamic Web-based Inquiry
Authors: Manerikar Mahadev , Maski Kishor , Sasane Yash , Pawar Omkar
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The recognition of the need for a senior-junior question-answer web application emerged from interactions within educational institutions. Numerous instances of juniors seeking guidance from seniors led to the realization of a gap in information dissemination. The necessity to bridge the gap between students' queries and available answers became evident, Research into existing platforms revealed a limited number of solutions, predominantly Q&A websites and educational forums. Existing online platforms offer general Q&A interactions but fail to cater to the unique mentorship dynamics between seniors and juniors. These platforms lack features tailored to fostering these specific relationships. The implementation of a seniorjunior question-answer web application is essential to formalize the mentorship process. Literature reviews unveiled gaps in platforms catering to such relationships, highlighting the need for a specialized solution. The proposed solution seeks to address these gaps.
Estimating Energy Consumption of Cloud, Fog and Edge Computing Infrastructures
Authors: Parihar Hitesh , M Suman
Published: February 2024

Abstract: To address the imperative need for enhanced locality considerations, innovative Cloud-related architectures, such as Edge Computing, have emerged. Despite the burgeoning popularity of these architectures, their energy consumption remains a relatively unexplored domain. To delve into this critical question, we present a comprehensive approach. Initially, we establish a taxonomy delineating diverse Cloud-related architectures. Subsequently, we introduce an intricate energy model designed to assess their consumption patterns. What sets our model apart is its inclusivity, encapsulating not only the energy usage of computing facilities but also factoring in cooling systems and the energy consumption of network devices connecting end users to Cloud resources. In contrast to prior proposals, our model provides a holistic view of energy consumption within the Cloud ecosystem. The instantiation of our model on various Cloud-related architectures, ranging from fully centralized to entirely distributed ones, facilitates a nuanced comparison of their energy consumption. Our findings reveal that a fully distributed architecture, by eschewing intra-data center networks and large-scale cooling systems, exhibits a notable energy efficiency advantage, consuming between 14% and 25% less energy than fully centralized and partially distributed architectures, respectively. Notably, our work represents a pioneering effort in introducing a model that empowers researchers to analyze and compare the energy consumption of diverse Cloud-related architectures.
Reduction of Base Shear: A Review on Different Observations that Reduces Base Shear in Multistoried Buildings
Authors: Muvel Kamal , Chincholikar Prof. Prachi
Published: February 2024

Abstract: India, now classified among the world's most densely populated countries, faces a pressing issue of land scarcity in its major urban cities. To address this challenge, constructing taller buildings emerges as a compelling solution, offering enhanced functionality within limited space. This study conducts an extensive review of relevant literature, examining a wealth of previous research conducted that reduced the base shear. The information collected from this survey forms the initial research objectives for our upcoming technical investigation.
No-signalling constrains quantum computation with indefinite causal structure
Authors: Apadula Luca , Bisio Alessandro , Perinotti Paolo
Published: February 2024

Quantum processes with indefinite causal structure emerge when we wonder which are the most general evolutions, allowed by quantum theory, of a set of local systems which are not assumed to be in any particular causal order. These processes can be described within the framework of higher−order quantum theory which, starting from considering maps from quantum transformations to quantum transformations, recursively constructs a hierarchy of quantum maps of increasingly higher order. In this work, we develop a formalism for quantum computation with indefinite causal structures; namely, we characterize the computational structure of higher order quantum maps. Taking an axiomatic approach, the rules of this computation are identified as the most general compositions of higher order maps which are compatible with the mathematical structure of quantum theory. We provide a mathematical characterization of the admissible composition for arbitrary higher order quantum maps. We prove that these rules, which have a computational and information-theoretic nature, are determined by the more physical notion of the signalling relations between the quantum systems of the higher order quantum maps.
CHALLENGES IN FORMALIZATION AND DOCUMENTATION IN CUSTOMARY COURT SYSTEM IN ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Mansur Teuku Muttaqin , Abdullah M Adli , Amiren Muslim , Ali Hasbi
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The customary justice system in Aceh, Indonesia, aims to resolve minor disputes within the community through consensus. Essentially, the resolution of customary disputes is informally conducted without formalization and documentation. However, as the legal landscape and society evolve, government regulations now require the formalization of dispute resolution through customary courts similar to state courts. This article discusses the challenges of formalization and documentation in the customary courts in Aceh, Indonesia. The article identifies three primary challenges to formalization and documentation in customary justice: first, the belief among some customary leaders that the case resolution process does not require formality and documentation due to infrequent complaints from the parties involved. Second, there is a lack of training among customary leaders in the formal legal process. Third, there is insufficient awareness and promotion of the formalization of customary justice. The article argues that formalizing customary justice is not merely a matter of regulatory compliance but requires socialization and training for customary leaders to implement formalization and documentation effectively.
MARINE SECURITY MODEL IN THE EFFORTS TO PREVENT CRIMINAL ACTS IN ACEH
Authors: Gaussyah Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Geographically, Indonesia occupies a strategically significant position at the crossroads of two oceans and two continents, so that Indonesia's maritime territory becomes a a crucial maritime route for global trade and national and international shipping traffic. However, it is also an area that is very vulnerable to maritime crimes, especially in the Aceh region. In terms of maritime security in Indonesia, many agencies have duties in the security sector, where each agency has its own legal basis for carrying out its duties, functions, and authority. The objective of this research is to elucidate the maritime security model of Aceh to prevent criminal acts at sea. This research was carried out using the method of normative juridical approaches and empirical juridical approaches. Research data consists of primary data and secondary data. The results of the research found that currently Aceh is included in the state border area with other countries directly from the sea route which should become special concern to the Central Government for several reasons, namely; based on data from the last 6 (six) years (2018-2023), 7 (seven) maritime crime cases have been recorded, these cases occurred in the legal jurisdiction of Lhokseumawe City, 11 (eleven) criminal cases in the waters of East Aceh included criminal acts of narcotics smuggling, goods smuggling and human trafficking; and In Sabang, there are 7 (seven) cases including fisheries crimes, shipping crimes and immigration crimes. Therefore, the author offers a maritime security model to prevent criminal acts in the Sea of Aceh, namely the Triangle security system, it is the maritime security triangle involving the Police, especially Polairud as a fundamental institution, then assisted by other law enforcement officers such as TNI AL, Bakamla, BNN, Customs and Excise Department and Immigration as an added institution, as well as the role of society is really needed. It is recommended that the government, both central/regional, pay more attention to the conditions of areas directly bordering sea routes so that regencies or cities can understand state border management strategies and regional governments also prepare plans and budgets for cities or regencies to be able to manage their territories independently.Keywords:  Policy, Border Areas, Criminal act at sea.
Pensar la monarquía y gobernarla. Cultura política en la monarquía de España. Teorías y prácticas
Authors: González Mezquita María Luz , Carrasco Martí Adolfo
Published: February 2024

En este volumen recogemos algunas de las posibles líneas de investigación que pueden desarrollarse desde la perspectiva de la cultura política en la Monarquía de España durante el siglo XVII. Se manifiestan en diferentes planos relacionales: entre el rey y los reinos, el rey y los súbditos, el rey y los entornos cortesanos y el rey y la dinastía. El avance de las investigaciones exige la reconsideración de mitos historiográficos arraigados que no pueden sostenerse a fuerza de su reiteración.
Mediación educativa con tecnologías de información y comunicación desde la percepción docente: validación de métricas de acciones innovadoras
Authors: Mercado Borja William Enrique , Barrera Navarro Juancri Rusbel , Mosquera Mosquera Carlos Enrique , Calle Álvarez Gerzon Yair
Published: February 2024

La investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar validez de contenido mediante el juicio de expertos de un instrumento que abordó cinco dimensiones: resistencia al cambio, facilidad de uso, utilidad percibida, confianza e intención de uso de acciones innovadoras de la mediación educativa con tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC). La metodología abarcó la determinación de validez de contenido, en la que participaron siete expertos que evaluaron cada ítem a partir de los siguientes criterios: coherencia, claridad, relevancia y escala. Fueron tenidas en cuenta las observaciones cualitativas de los especialistas y se determinó el grado de acuerdo entre expertos con los coeficientes kappa de Fleiss y V de Aiken, así como la confiabilidad y consistencia interna. Los resultados mostraron que el test cuenta con coeficientes óptimos de validez y confiabilidad; además, se obtuvo una fuerza de concordancia en cada dimensión enmarcadas entre acuerdo moderado y acuerdo casi perfecto. Entre los criterios más altos se encontraron la relevancia y la escala, con un kappa de Fleiss equivalente a 1000; en cuanto a la significación estadística, todos los criterios tienen un p=0,000; en lo que respecta a la consistencia interna, los valores están por encima de 0,989, por lo que se puede decir que los valores obtenidos son altos. Se concluye que el cuestionario es confiable y válido, puede ser aplicado en el contexto colombiano y da lugar para ser replicado en otros escenarios latinoamericanos para favorecer el uso de acciones innovadoras educativas medidas con TIC.
Effect of Baking Temperature on Carotenoids and Provitamin A in Bread made with Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) Epicarp Extract
Authors: Ordóñez-Santos* Luis E. , Esparza-Estrada Jessica , Vanegas-Mahecha Pedro
Published: February 2024

Consumers are interested in products with functional properties that contribute to their well-being and health. An alternative source of functional ingredients would be the by-products of the citrus industry, which can be used as natural additives in baked products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on the concentration of carotenoids and provitamin A when baking bread in a temperature range of 160-200 ºC. We studied the thermal degradation kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the carotenoids β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and provitamin A in bread dough samples made with mandarin epicarp lipid extract baked at three temperatures (160, 180, and 200 ºC). The results showed that carotenoid pigments and provitamin A are significatively reduced (p < 0.05) as baking time and temperature increase, and the degradation of bioactive compounds was set to a first-order kinetic R2 > 0.83. Thermic resistance values (z) and activation energy (Ea) during the baking process of bread showed that β-carotenes are an unstable thermal phytochemical, followed by provitamin A, α-carotenoid, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin. In this research, it can be concluded that the results would be important for the design and optimization of baked bread, as it will allow to maximize the levels of these micronutrients.
Machine Learning Model for Primary Solar Resource Assessment in Colombia
Authors: Obando Paredes Edgar Darío
Published: February 2024

This work introduces a Machine Learning (ML) model designed to predict solar radiation in diverse cities representing Colombia's climatic variability. It is crucial to assert that the amount of solar energy received in a specific region is directly related to solar radiation and its availability, which is influenced by each area's particular climatic and geographic conditions. Due to the high variability and resulting uncertainty, various approaches have been explored, including the use of numerical models to estimate solar radiation. The primary objective of this study was to develop and validate an ML model that accurately predicts solar radiation in cities. The methodology employed was specific to data treatment and ML model development. It was structured into three fundamental stages: clustering, estimation, and response, considering that the model is based on historical data. The obtained results were assessed using appropriate statistical definitions, not only determining the model's efficiency in terms of prediction but also considering interactions between data for the approximation and prediction of solar radiation. In this context, it is crucial to emphasize that the research contributes to understanding solar radiation in Colombia. This study underscores the importance of developing ML models to predict solar radiation, emphasizing the need to consider the country's climatic diversity. The results obtained, following the model's application, provide valuable information for comprehending and anticipating the availability of this primary resource.
Elicitación de la distribución del nivel de importancia de actividades de restauración del paisaje en los Andes colombianos
Authors: Barrera-Causil* Carlos , González Montañez José Luis , Correa Morales Juan Carlos
Published: February 2024

La definición y priorización de actividades de restauración del paisaje en áreas deforestadas es esencial para la salud a largo plazo de los ecosistemas, la biodiversidad y las comunidades humanas que dependen de los servicios ecosistémicos de los bosques. Este estudio se enfocó en la compleja área de Belmira, Antioquia, en los Andes colombianos, donde el objetivo principal de la investigación se centró en la identificación de áreas y actividades de restauración mediante un análisis espacial multicriterio y un análisis multitemporal. Se presentó una metodología innovadora de elicitación que considera las características individuales de cada experto para estimar la importancia de estas actividades. Se diseñó un instrumento de madera con escala numérica para el proceso de elicitación, controlando posibles sesgos cognitivos mediante protocolos estructurados. Además, se introdujo un algoritmo para generar muestras de distribuciones de probabilidad elicitadas a partir de modelos beta con el objetivo de mejorar la robustez de los resultados. Los hallazgos destacaron que las actividades de restauración de cuencas y suelos, así como las cercas vivas, son consideradas de mayor importancia por los expertos en toda el área de estudio. Estos resultados sugieren que los esfuerzos ambientales en la región deben focalizarse en estas actividades para generar impacto positivo.
Estimación de curvas de diversidad de aves en fragmentos de bosque Andino Colombiano
Authors: Barrera-Causil* Carlos , Guarín Galeano Edwar , Salazar Moncada Paula , Rojas Jessica María
Published: February 2024

Las especies de aves en el mundo han sido amenazadas por factores humanos o naturales que afectan su hábitat. Algunos de estos factores generan fragmentaciones en los bosques, lo que impacta directamente en su biodiversidad. Por lo tanto, se requiere la estimación de la riqueza y abundancia de aves para disponer de herramientas matemáticas que permitan evaluar el impacto ambiental, diseñar proyectos sostenibles y monitorear la salud de los ecosistemas. En este estudio, se evaluó mediante el uso de los índices de Hill la riqueza y abundancia de aves en fragmentos de bosque Andino ubicados en el municipio de Belmira, Antioquia, Colombia, con el objetivo de identificar su potencial para el aviturismo. La metodología incluyó un muestreo de especies utilizando transectos como método principal para la recolección y análisis de datos. Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo modelamientos de curvas de acumulación, curvas enrarecidas y extrapolación, junto con el cálculo del potencial de aviturismo en el área de estudio. Además, se exploraron correlaciones entre variables paisajísticas y las estimaciones de los índices de Hill. Los resultados revelaron índices de diversidad de Hill con valores medios y altos en los fragmentos de bosque examinados, concluyendo que especialmente el fragmento 3 mostró un mayor potencial para la observación de aves según las tendencias observadas en las curvas de acumulación. Se observó una correlación negativa significativa entre los índices de diversidad calculados y la distancia a los cuerpos de agua, indicando que la riqueza y abundancia de especies aumentan a medida que el punto de observación se acerca a cuerpos de agua. Además, se identificó un potencial para el aviturismo superior a 24 puntos para más de 23 especies en la zona de estudio, señalando un alto atractivo para la práctica del aviturismo según la metodología empleada.
Factors affecting net interest margin in the banking sector: Evidence from the Arab region
Authors: Obeid Rami
Published: February 2024

The net interest margin is an important measure for assessing the operational efficiency of the banking sector, and it also evaluates the performance of the bank’s management, as well as the success of its strategies in generating revenues through its core business (Obeid & Adeinat, 2017). In this paper, we examine the determinants of the net interest margin in the banking sector for selected Arab countries, including the cost-income ratio, the bank’s assets, the provisions, the main interest rate of the monetary policy, the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, and the inflation rate, for a sample of 18 commercial banks in six Arab economies during the period 2015–2020. We use panel data models and the Hausman test to select the appropriate model. The results show that there is a significant positive effect of the bank size and the cost-to-income ratio on the net interest margin, while there is a negative impact of inflation, interest rates on monetary policy tools, and the coronavirus pandemic on the net interest margin. The results did not show a significant relationship between real GDP growth and loan provisions on the one hand, and the operational efficiency of the banking sector on the other hand.
APPLICATION OF EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION USING BOOSTING ALGORITHMS
Authors: Atagün Ercan , Temür Günay , Biroğul Serdar
Published: February 2024

The increased speed rates and ease of access to the Internet increase the availability of devices with Internet connections. Internet users can access many devices that they are authorized or not authorized. These systems, which detect whether users have unauthorized access or not, are called Intrusion Detection Systems. With intrusion detection systems, users' access is classified and it is determined whether it is a normal login or an anomaly. Machine learning methods undertake this classification task. In particular, Boosting algorithms stand out with their high classification performance. It has been observed that the Gradient Boosting algorithm provides remarkable classification performance when compared to other methods proposed for the Intrusion Detection Systems problem. Using the Python programming language, estimation was made with the Gradient Boost, Adaboost algorithms, Catboost, and Decision Tree and then the model was explained with SHAPASH. The goal of SHAPASH is to enable universal interpretation and comprehension of machine learning models. Providing an interpretable and explainable approach to Intrusion Detection Systems contributes to taking important precautions in the field of cyber security. In this study, classification was made using Boosting algorithms, and the estimation model created with SHAPASH, which is one of the Explainable Artificial Intelligence approaches, is explained.
Verbal system of the Priluzje dialect in Vucitrn
Authors: Veljovic-Popovic Bojana
Published: February 2024

The paper analyzes the use of verb forms in the speech of the village of Priluzje near Vucitrn. The inventory of syntactic units and their syntactico-semantic conditions of use is determined, as well as the stylistic effects that individual units achieve on the functional level. It has been shown that the Priluzje dialect has a relatively preserved and stable system of verb forms. Present and future tense have a stable position in the system of this dialect, while the future II tense has become obsolete. In addition to its primary function of indicating actions that belong to the present, the present tense is also used in its secondary function to denote past and future actions. Future I is used exclusively to indicate future actions, and there are no confirmations of its temporal transposition. The system of past tenses consists of the perfect tense, which belongs to a group of high-frequency units, and aorist and past perfect, which are comparatively more rarely used. There is no evidence of the use of imperfect in the recorded data, which implies that this verb form has been eliminated in this part of the Serbian ethnolinguistic territory. Modal verb forms - imperative and potential - are frequent in this idiom and are used as temporally transposed units in addition to their primary modal function. Past repeated actions can also be marked with narrative potential and imperative (in this function, their synonym is narrative present), while past individual actions are expressed exclusively by narrative imperative. The present participle is noted in some examples, while there is no past participle in this dialect. The active participle is used in the composition of complex verb forms, and its position in the system is stable, while the passive participle has a lower frequency.
Experimental evaluation of the effects of anticancer modulation therapy on MAPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-κB signaling with non-toxic drugs
Authors: Popovic Kosta , Popovic Dusica , Lalosevic Dusan , Popovic Jovan
Published: February 2024

Introduction/Objective. Large diversity in molecular mechanisms of cancer regulation allows some marketed pleiotropic non-oncological non-toxic pharmaceuticals to be used in oncology, which reduces duration and cost of novel anticancer treatment research. To date, there are no published in vivo results on anticancer effects of certain combinations of non-oncological pleiotropic drugs (disulfiram, metformin, deoxycholic acid, mebendazole) that influence MAPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-?B signaling. Methods. The anticancer effects of certain aforementioned repurposed drugs combinations, < 50 % LD50 (equivalent to the usual human dose) were assessed by fibrosarcoma growth kinetics (measured daily in vivo by calipers) and tumor proliferation (Ki-67, PCNA), neoangiogenesis (CD34, CD31), glucose metabolism (GLUT1), NO metabolism (iNOS) and apoptosis (COX4, cytochrome C) in hamsters, randomly allocated to control and experimental groups (six animals per group). The animals were sacrificed 19 days after BHK-21/C13 tumor inoculation. The tumors were excised, measured, and blood was collected. Biophysical, pathohistological, toxicological, hematological, and biochemical analyses were performed. Results. Disulfiram with metformin, disulfiram with deoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid with metformin are the combinations that have shown significant antitumor effects on the fibrosarcoma growth kinetics and tumor immunohistochemical markers in hamsters (p < 0.05). All used drugs in efficacious combinations can inhibit MAPK/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-?B signaling. The addition of NF-?B stimulator mebendazole to effective two-drug combinations rescued cancer growth, indicating that these pathways may be responsible for antitumor action. Conclusion. Combinations of non-oncological drugs: disulfiram with metformin, disulfiram with deoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid with metformin have the potential to be used as effective non-toxic adjuvant anticancer therapy in oncology.
Treatment and rehabilitation of post-traumatic elbow stiffness with heterotopic ossification
Authors: Qi Wang  , Jiang Peng  , Aiyuan Wang  , Wenjing Xu  , Jinshu Tang  , Jinshu Tang
Published: February 2024

Aim: To investigate surgical treatment, postoperative rehabilitation and prevention of heterotopic ossification (HO) in patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness.
Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness combined with HO between 2007 and 2021. This study was performed on a total of 15 patients (18 elbows) admitted to our hospital, consisting of 12 males and 3 females, with post-traumatic stiffness of the elbow combined with HO, where elbow function could not be recovered by rehabilitation and orthosis treatment. Fifteen patients were treated by surgical excision of heterotopic bones and release of elbow contracture combined with postoperative rehabilitation and orthosis-wearing. Comprehensive treatments, including radiation, oral ibuprofen medication, and manipulation techniques to improve range of motion, were used to prevent HO recurrence. The flexion–extension arc and functional score of the elbow were measured after treatment and compared with the preoperative measurements. Roentgenography was used to observe HO recurrence.
Results: After surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation, the patients’ range of motion improved, and the functional score improved considerably. The postoperative flexion-extension arc and The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) functional score were statistically significantly higher than the preoperative values (p < 0.01). Roentgenographic examination showed no HO recurrence during the follow-up period.
Conclusion: Surgical excision of heterotopic bones and elbow contracture release combined with postoperative rehabilitation and preventative HO measures can be an effective treatment for cases of post-traumatic elbow stiffness combined with HO, for which conservative treatment is ineffective.
A model for the selection of security system alarms
Authors:   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Kielce University of Technology, Kielce, Poland, Ovsyak V. K. , Turchak V. R. ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Ovsyak O. V. ,   National University of Culture and Arts, Kyiv, Ukraine; Ukrainian National Forestry University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

It was found that search engines provide a wide selection of detectors with technical characteristics. A significant range of characteristics ensures the use of detectors for solving problems in security systems. A search and sorting mode for security system alarms has been developed. It is based on the necessary and sufficient characteristics of detectors, which ensure their selection depending on the tasks set for security systems. Criteria for their selection are formed on the basis of user requirements and technical characteristics of detectors. Priorities of criteria for the selection of security system detectors have been introduced. The model creates an ordered list of notifiers that meet the specified criteria. Each notifier of the list is assigned a unique individual number. According to the importance of the criteria, the notifiers are ranked, the number of iterations of which depends on the number of selected criteria. a The maximum change in position of the list detector is defined as the ratio of the number of list detectors to the priority number of the criterion. The application of the developed model for the selection of security system alarms is provided as an example. In the first iteration, the ranking of alarms depends on the type of the first criteria field, which can be descriptive or numerical. If the field with the criterion is descriptive, its content is verified and the alarms are sorted. Otherwise, the alarms are ranked by the value of the alarm parameter. The permissible ranking of alarms covers all positions in the table. For all other criteria, the maximum change in the positions of the alarms depends both on the value of the criterion and on the priority of the criterion, which limits the maximum change in positions. After all the rankings, at the top of the formed list is an alarm with one of the best first, second, and fourth criteria. The third criterion meets the consumer's request. According to the fifth criterion, this sensor is average. Considering the development of ranking technologies, the relation-based ranking may not meet the needs of customers. At the same time, tools and methods for the potential hacking of alarms are evolving. Therefore, in further research, an alternative to ranking by criteria is proposed, but not by criteria relations, but by user choice. This information technology will influence the ranking of the list depending on the compromises on the criteria.
Method and means of testing specialized components of a mobile robotics platform at operating clock frequencies
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Tsmots I. G. , Opotyak Yu. V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Seneta M. Ya. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Oliynyk Yu. Yu. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Gazda N. B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Tkachuk K. I. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

Processes of development of test scenarios, selection of technological means of testing hardware and software of specialized components of mobile robotic platform are analyzed. The methods and means of testing specialized components of the mobile robotic platform when operating at working clock frequencies are studied. It is improved the method of testing the hardware and software of the specialized components of the mobile robotics platform. This improvement is made due to the development of specialized scenarios and adaptation of the technological environment to the requirements of a specific application, ensures an increase in the quality of testing in real time. It is shown that the main stages of testing specialized hardware at working clock frequencies are: the development of a test plan, setting of a working clock frequency, creation of a test environment, execution of tests, comparison of test results with reference results, analysis of comparison results. For testing, two environments and two test scenarios are developed: testing of means of encryption and masking of control commands of the mobile robotics platform; testing means of unmasking and deciphering control commands of a mobile robotics platform. It is developed a neurofuzzy control system for the autonomous control of the movement of a wheeled mobile robotic platform, the main components of which are intelligent remote navigation sensors, a rule base, fuzzification, decision-making and defuzzification blocks. The structure of means and scenarios for testing blocks of neuro-like encryption/decryption and masking/unmasking of mobile robotic platform control commands are developed, which provide joint testing of both software and hardware at working clock frequencies. It is developed the structure of tools and scenarios for testing the fuzzy mobile robotic platform control system, which are focused on sequential testing of fuzzification, decision-making, and defuzzification blocks and provide joint testing of both software and hardware tools at working clock frequencies in real time. Using the improved method, testing of the mobile robotic platform control system is performed, which confirmed the feasibility of the chosen approach. The implementation of the latest methods and means of testing specialized components of complex systems saves time and financial costs and contributes to the long-term operation of systems as a whole as a result of identifying problems in the process of their creation.
Maximal extractable value (mev) in blockchain networks and its impact on blockchain ecosystem
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine, Cherkas N. S. , Batyuk A. Ye. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The advent of smart contract technology in blockchain networks has ushered in a new era of possibilities for implementing complex decentralized finance protocols. Over time, these protocols have gained significant traction, reaching a Total Value Locked (TVL) of over 150 billion US dollars. While blockchain networks offer inherent benefits such as immutability, transparency, decentralization, and security, they still grapple with a critical challenge – the inability to ensure a predictable order of transactions within produced blocks. This limitation has given rise to the Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) phenomenon. MEV represents the maximum potential benefit that certain network participants, primarily miners and validators, can extract by wielding their exclusive capability to influence transaction order. In this work, we embark on an exhaustive exploration of the MEV phenomenon and delve deep into its impact on the broader blockchain ecosystem. We shed light on the pressing issue of transaction ordering in blockchain networks and provide an in-depth survey of the vast body of scholarly publications focused on MEV extraction. This comprehensive review allowed us to conduct a retrospective analysis of the MEV phenomenon, categorize its most common manifestations, and uncover current development trends. Intriguingly, during this analysis, parallels were drawn with similar manipulations witnessed in the realm of high-frequency algorithmic trading within traditional financial markets. A vital conclusion that emerged from our study pertains to possible strategies for addressing the MEV problem within decentralized finance protocols. We systematically outline the current research directions concerning MEV, explore the methodologies and tools employed in these studies, and present concrete examples of MEV extraction within the Ethereum network, accompanied by quantitative estimations. In summary, the MEV phenomenon has cast an overwhelming negative impact on blockchain networks and decentralized finance. Our analysis of existing publications within a specific subcategory reveals the current absence of an effective solution to the MEV extraction problem. This underscores the importance of further research aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of MEV on blockchain networks and decentralized finance protocols.
Analysis and development of a conceptual model for lifecycle management of specialized safety-oriented software
Authors:   Lviv State University of Life Safety, Lviv, Ukraine, Kordunova Yu. S.
Published: February 2024

A comprehensive examination of the process of developing specialized safety-oriented software is conducted. The incongruity of the presently known development methodologies with the circumstances in which innovative safety-oriented software systems are created is unveiled. For this reason, the purpose of this article is to investigate the existing methods and formulate novel approaches to managing the life cycle of specialized software (safety-oriented services), which are relevant to the specific requirements of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and align with the principles of a flexible software life cycle management methodology. A thorough exploration is conducted on the current agile methods and approaches employed in the development of critical services, specifically in sectors such as military, railway, aerospace, medical, and other domains of operation. The aim is to establish the merits of flexibility in fostering innovation within specialized safety-oriented software. The fundamental concepts of agile methods for software system life cycle management are synergistically integrated, taking into consideration the unique requirements of rescue service development. Furthermore, the existing empirical data on the feasibility and advantages of implementing agile methods in the security industry are expanded upon. Especially, the agile Scrum method is enhanced through the proposal of employing the mathematical framework of graph theory (network planning method) to automate the planning stage and identify critical functions, including the critical path, the early execution time of events, the late execution times of events, and reserved time for tasks. This method aids in developing a minimum viable product for a safety-oriented system. A conceptual model of the life cycle management process for safety-oriented services has been meticulously developed. This model is predicated on a flexible approach to software development, which aims to automate the tasks performed by project teams and enhance the overall efficacy of specialized software development. On its basis, it is proposed to develop a decision support system for managing the life cycle of safety-oriented software systems development, which is relevant for the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.