bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial - Cem anos de Paulo Freire
Authors: Campos Luana , Fachini Cristina , Carvalho Aline Vieira de
Published: February 2022

No ano do centenário do educador Paulo Freire convidamos a todos arqueólogos e especialistas nas temáticas do patrimônio, memória e educação a colaborar com a construção de reflexões sobre as relações entre a Educação e Cultura Material, promovidas em ambientes escolares ou não, como práticas de liberdade. Paulo Freire foi recebido como subversivo por alguns setores da sociedade ao longo de toda sua vida como educador e, ainda nos dias de hoje, é rejeitado por determinados campos de poder.  O que em sua obra e em nossas práticas pode tornar a educação tão perigosa? Qual o potencial de uma educação partilhada atrelada à cultura material?  A educação como prática da liberdade seria capaz de romper a existência do “homem simples esmagado, diminuído e acomodado (...) tragicamente assustado, temendo a convivência autêntica e até duvidando de sua possibilidade” (Freire, 1967: 44)? Seria capaz de desnudar a sociedade como meio para desvendá-la e permitir uma compreensão ativa e atuante sobre os contextos políticos e históricos no qual nos inserimos (Freire, 1986: 15/17)? A educação como prática da liberdade mantém-se como um tema atual e urgente. Finalizando o dossiê, podemos abertamente afirmar que a proposta temática foi bem recebida pelos arqueólogos, educadores, historiadores, gestores públicos, entre outros especialistas no campo da memória, patrimônio e cultura material. No total, foram aprovados onze textos, entre artigos, entrevista e uma tradução inédita de uma entrevista dada por Paulo Freire, em Geneva, no ano de 1970. Em comum, os textos trazem como eixo central a reflexão ativa sobre cultura material, educação e liberdade. A temática é provocadora, e, claro, serve como uma plataforma para a construção de novos diálogos e práticas de ação. Nessa edição, portanto, você encontrará a seguinte estrutura:
MEASUREMENT OF DELAY USING TRAVEL TIME RELIABILITY STATISTICS IN AN URBAN OUTER CORRIDOR
Authors: REDDY Kanala Teja Vinay Kumar , CHALLAGULLA Surya Prakash
Published: February 2022

Unexpected delay on freeways is the prime cause of dissatisfaction in road users. Increasing traffic, adverse environmental conditions, accidents, time, season, location and many more factors influence travel time and cause delay. There is no direct method to estimate delay. It is calculated from trip time estimates. Thus, it is a very big challenge for transportation professionals to develop a model that accurately estimates the trip time for a trip at a particular time, by a specific mode of transport. Subsequently, the reliability of the delay calculated from those trip time estimates is often doubtful. Further, the measurement of delay using the trip time data is another big thing. This paper is a step toward measuring the delay in an accurate way using travel time reliability measures. The study was conducted on the two modes of public transportation (City bus and Auto) in an urban corridor of length 16.3 km, in Hyderabad city, India. In this study, a license plate survey was conducted for data collection, travel time-based statistical analysis was employed for estimation of trip time and by making use of travel time measures, the delay was measured. The approach was validated graphically to portray its accuracy.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE FASTENING SYSTEM OF THE TRUCK USING MEMS ACCELEROMETERS
Authors: VLKOVSKÝ Martin , MALÍŠEK Jiří
Published: February 2022

This paper concerns the possibility of MEMS accelerometers employment in road transportation assessment. It makes use of statistical analysis tools and calculation of securing forces for the sake of road safety enhancement. The transport experiment was carried out and the statistical analysis shows a possible solution to the assessment of shocks during transportation, that in general adversely affect the cargo being transported (cargo securing), the vehicle, the driver, etc. From the results, it follows that even in the case of a high quality road (highway), the values of the shocks at higher speeds considerably exceed the expected magnitudes as defined in the respective standards. The assessment of truck transportation with up-to-date MEMS accelerometers is simple and relatively inexpensive and may represent a considerable contribution to road safety, including associated financial benefits.
STABILITY OF GPS AND GLONASS ONBOARD CLOCKS ON A MONTHLY BASIS
Authors: ZIĘTALA Michał
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the stability of the GPS and GLONASS system clocks’ stability. It describes the construction of these two systems and calculated four different Allan variances (AVAR), based on the MGEX (the Multi-GNSS Experiment) clock products. Four used variances allowed making a better analysis of each GNSS system clock. The results are shown at different averaging times from 5 s as successive multiples to 655,360 s in a monthly period. The stability of GPS and GLONASS clocks is included in the range of 10-12~10-14 s. The results showed that GLONASS clocks are stable (10-12~10-14 s) and are affected with white frequency noise (WFM). The GPS clock stability models have more fluctuations for τ > 40,960 s and the mean stability is concluded between 10-12~10-13 s. Mean frequency accuracy for GPS clocks is related with WFM and Random Walk Frequency (RWF). The differences in clock stability are caused by several factors – block type, type of clock and the time of a satellite in orbit. These factors have an influence on stability results.
IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON REAL ESTATE MARKET IN CRACOW
Authors: ŻABÓWKA Rafał , MACIUK Kamil
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Cracow real estate market. The data used in the study included transactions of purchase of flats and single-family houses. At the initial stage, the database was reduced by applying a four-step selection and outliers were removed. The data analysis included separate transactions for single-family houses and flats, 5 different types of charts were prepared for each type of real estate. The conducted research concerned: the analysis of the number of transactions in subsequent years, the share of the number of transactions in individual quarters, average transaction prices (for houses) or average prices per square meter (for flats), analysis of the number of transactions in individual districts, years and quarters, and a comparison of the number of contracts in individual quarters given years. The main conclusion drawn from the study is the significant impact of COVID-19 on the number of house and apartment purchase transactions, while the pandemic did not have a significant impact on the average prices in the analysed database.
DAILY VARIABILITY OF THE USE OF PARKING SPACES IN THE PAID PARKING ZONE COVERED BY DYNAMIC PARKING INFORMATION BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: KUREK Agata , MACIOSZEK Elżbieta
Published: February 2022

Currently, more inhabitants use a car for their travels. The consequence of the increase in traffic on the roads is the deterioration of road conditions, decrease in the level of road safety, increasing air pollution, as well as the problem of finding a place to park a vehicle. This article analyzes the daily variability of the use of parking spaces in the Paid Parking Zone (PPZ) covered by Dynamic Parking Information (DPI) in Gliwice before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first stage of the work, the daily variability of the use of parking spaces and the rotation indicator were analyzed in parking spaces at PPZ covered by DPI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Wilcoxon test was performed to verify whether the differences are statistically significant. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the decrease in the use of parking space and the rotation indicator in the parking spaces at PPZ. In addition, the research shows that collecting fees for parking a vehicle in a parking space increases the use of space and the rotation indicator. Due to this, parking spaces are available for more drivers.
PERAN IBU DALAM MENGAJARKAN MODERASI BERAGAMA PADA ANAK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam, Pati, Kusmawati Heny , Surachman Anista Ika ,   Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam, Pati
Published: February 2022

Starting from the hadith narrated by narrated by Imam Muslim which means: "every human being is born upon fitrah. His parents made him Jewish, Christian or Majusi." From this hadith, it is clear that parents have big role in shaping children religiosity. Thus, the obligation of parents is to make children have religious maturity by doing religious moderation so that children develop an attitude of respect for other religions. Moreover, education during the Covid-19 pandemic which is more conducted at home makes the mother figure a determinant of the success of teaching religious moderation in children. The purpose of writing this article is to describe mothers and how to teach religious moderation to children during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research is qualitative research with grounded theory method, it used interview in collecting data with the help from related written references on the theory of religious moderation. The results of this article concluded 1) the urgency to prevent children from radical literacy in cyberspace, and 2) the stages of teaching Pancasila values that are in accordance with religious moderation in the neighborhood.
ANALISIS MODAL SOSIAL DALAM KEMENANGAN PILKADA PEMALANG TAHUN 2020
Authors: Habibullah Akhmad , Suparto Diryo , Sutjiatmi Sri
Published: February 2022

The Regional Head Election as one of the instruments of democracy in elite turnover has always been a subject of study that has attracted many people. Capital is needed to achieve victory and material and social support in the election. Borrowing Bourdieu’s theory shows how social practices occur in a long-lasting disposition system (Habitus) and involve many economic, social, cultural, and even symbolic capital in the post-conflict local election domain owned by the election-winning pair Pemalang Regency. This study uses a qualitative method using a descriptive approach. Data collection is done by interviewing several informants such as the victorious team leader, volunteers, sympathizers, party leaders, and representatives of the Pemalang Regency. The results showed that the social capital owned by Agung-Mansur became one of the leading forces in the victory in addition to the existing political and economic prosperity; this study also revealed that political capital with many parties’ supports or coalitions did not guarantee success for the candidate pair.

Keywords: Election, Social Capital, Concurrent Election

 

Abstrak

Pemilukada sebagai salah satu instrument demokrasi dalam pergantian elit selalu menjadi bahan kajian yang menarik banyak kalangan. Dalam pilkada untuk mencapai kemenangan dan dukung tentu dibutuhkan modal, baik materil maupun sosial. Meminjam teori Bourdiue, yang menunjukkan bagaiamana praktik sosial yang terjadi dalam sistem disposisi yang berlangsung lama (Habitus) dan melibatkan banyak modal ekonomi, sosial, budaya bahkan simbolik dalam ranah pemilukada yang dimiliki oleh pasangan pemenang Pilkada di Kabupaten Pemalang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriftif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan sejumlah informan seperti ketua tim sukses, relawan, simpatisan, ketua partai pengusung dan perwakilan masyarakat Kabupaten Pemalang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwah modal sosial yang dimiliki Agung- Mansur menjadi salah satu kekuatan utama dalam kemenangan tersebut selain modal politik dan ekonomi yang ada, penelitian ini juga mengungkap bahwa modal politik dengan dukungan atau koalisi partai yang banyak tidak menjamin kemenangan bagi pasangan calon.

Keyword: Pilkada, Modal Sosial, Pilkada Serentak
Politeness of Speaking Introduced in Conversation Texts in MTs English Textbook Grade VII
Authors: Nuha Ulin
Published: February 2022

This study analyzes the conversation texts found in grade VII English textbook entitled “EOS English on Sky 1”. This study focuses on the issues: social contextual factors approach which analyzes the participants in the interaction and the communicative situation, and politeness which analyzes the respect that an individual has for him or herself and maintains the "self-esteem" in public and private situations. This is a qualitative study conducted in two phases: social contextual factors and politeness phases. The data were analyzed based on social contextual factors and politeness. In calculating the data and the final result of data percentage, quantification was used to support this study. The result shows that the social distances are intimate and not intimate with their relation is that teacher has higher position than students with the most frequently occurred are informal and in positive politeness.
Monte Carlo Simulation for Uncertainty Quantification of Probabilistic Original Hydrocarbon in Place Estimation a Convergence Study How Many Samples With a Particular Sampler are Needed
Authors: Agnia Ammar , Algdamsi Hossein , Amtereg Ahmed , Alkouh Ahmed , Alusta Gamal
Published: February 2022

It is not trivial to devise a universally accepted metric to assess the convergence of a Monte Carlo process. For the case of reservoir model, there is no "true" solution to compare against, so there is no choice but to reach statistical convergence if one wants to compute the expected value, standard deviation, quantiles, and so forth. Although we are lacking a reliable metric to assess convergence, looking at logarithmic plots can provide an estimate of how close one may be to a converged value. We call "eyeball test". The assertion that from looking at the log plot, the variation is reduced enough to confidently use the results the main objective of this work is to illustrate the potential issues of relying on non-converged Monte Carlo Simulation to estimate quantities such as the Original Hydrocarbon in place (OHIP) in the context of reservoir simulation. We will show that even in a limited-uncertainty setup, the quantiles, and the moments of OHIP as will also illustrate that the converged quantiles accurately represent the uncertainty of the system and can be used as a reduced order model for sensitivity studies.

The current work illustrates the convergence properties of a Monte Carlo Simulation used to quantify the geological uncertainty of probabilistic estimation of OHIP. We investigate the convergence behavior of Monte Carlo Simulation on 3D reservoirs model using

Two options for monitoring and stopping Monte Carlo Simulation : Post processing calculation (settlement of Statistical Moment)Automatic Realtime monitoring (Specific Error Bound)

The distributions of the moments and quantiles of the OHIP from10,000 realizations of a geological model are presented in the form of their Cumulative Density Functions. Stability of the computed moments is assessed by plotting the sample moments of the target variable evaluated at specific points as a function of the number of Monte Carlo Simulation performed. Our results suggest that the improvement in the quality of the results is significant and well worth the extra effort. For sensitivity studies, running large ensembles is still intractable but yields set of quantiles that can be used as a Reduced Order Model. The conclusions we draw are applicable to a wide range of similar 3D reservoir model. The sensitivity of Monte Carlo Simulation to the number of realizations used is often overlooked. Even though convergence studies are rare and convergence criteria hard to estimate, uncertainty quantification using Monte Carlo Simulation is an increasingly important part of static modeling workflows
Development and Validation of Dynamic Predictive Models Using Vital Signs for Trauma-associated Severe Hemorrhage: a Comparative Study
Authors: Guo Chengyu , Gong Minghui , Shen Qiaochu , Wang Ruolin , Zhang Hongliang , Wang Junkang , Li Tanshi , Li Chunping
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to develop and to validate dynamic predictive models for trauma-associated severe hemorrhage based on vital signs to register early warning and dynamic prediction of severe hemorrhage in trauma patients.Methods: The MIMIC-IV cohort was collected retrospectively. The inclusion criteria were trauma patients aged ≥16 years with complete clinical data. Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and peripheral oxygen saturation were extracted as predictive variables. Based on logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, adaptive boosting, gated recurrent unit, and gated recurrent unit-d, predictive models for trauma-associated severe hemorrhage were developed and validated to dynamically predict whether severe hemorrhage will occur in trauma patients in the next 1 h/2 h/3 h. This study was based on the Trauma database of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army for external validation. The models were developed and validated using Python 3.8.5 software. SPSS.21 software was used for statistical analysis.Results: Of the 7522 trauma patients in the MIMIC-IV cohort, 283 (3.76%) had a severe hemorrhage. The area under the curve of the gated recurrent unit-d model was the best in the 1 h (0.946±0.029), 2 h (0.940±0.032), and 3 h groups (0.943±0.034), and there was no significant difference among the three groups. In the Trauma cohort, the area under the curve of the gated recurrent unit-d model also achieved the best performance in the 1 h (0.779±0.013), 2 h (0.780±0.008), and 3 h groups (0.778±0.009), and there was no significant difference among the three groups. When comparing the gated recurrent unit-d model with the traditional scoring systems, the gated recurrent unit-d model still has advantages. Moreover, we have developed a web-based predictive system to help clinicians use our models.Conclusions: This study developed and validated dynamic predictive models for trauma-associated severe hemorrhage based on vital signs to assist pre-hospital or in-hospital emergency personnel to make decisions, and the gated recurrent unit-d model performed best.Trial registration: The MIMIC-IV database was previously de-identified and reviewed by the institutional review board (IRB) of its host organization and determined to be exempted from subsequent IRB. We obtained the administrative permissions to use the database (Certification Number: 27959316) for our research, after completing the National Institutes of Health web-based training course: Protecting Human Research Participants. We were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital to use the Trauma database. The ethical batch number is S2021-466-01. Moreover, the informed consent of subjects was waived by the Ethics Committee of Chinese PLA General Hospital.
Nutraceuticals Known To Promote Hair Growth Do Not Interfere With The Inhibitory Action of Tamoxifen In MCF7, T47D And BT483 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Baker Richard , Dell’Acqua Giorgio , Richards Aleksander , Thornton M Julie
Published: February 2022

Background: Hair loss/thinning is a common side effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer therapy. Some nutraceuticals known to promote hair growth are avoided during breast cancer therapy for fear of phytoestrogenic activity. However, not all botanical ingredients have similarities to estrogens, and in fact, no information exists as to the true interaction of these ingredients with tamoxifen. Therefore, this study sought to ascertain the effect of nutraceuticals (+/-estrogen/tamoxifen), on proliferation of breast cancer cells and the relative expression of ERα/β. Methods: Kelp, Astaxanthin, Saw Palmetto, Tocotrienols, Maca, Horsetail, Resveratrol, Curcumin and Ashwagandha were assessed on proliferation of MCF7, T-47D and BT483 breast cancer cell lines +/-17β-estradiol and tamoxifen. Each extract was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prior to use. Cellular ERα and ERβ expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Changes in the cellular localisation of ERα:ERβ and their ratio following incubation with the nutraceuticals was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Results: Estradiol stimulated DNA synthesis in three different breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, T-47D and BT483, which was inhibited by tamoxifen; this was mirrored by a specific ERα agonist in TD47 and BT483 cells. Nutraceuticals did not interfere with tamoxifen inhibition of estrogen; some even induced further inhibition when combined with tamoxifen. The ERα:ERβ ratio was higher at mRNA and protein level in all cell lines. However, incubation with nutraceuticals induced a shift to higher ERβ expression and a localization of ERs around the nuclear periphery. Conclusions: As ERα is the key driver of estrogen-dependent breast cancer, if nutraceuticals have a higher affinity for ERβ they may offer a protective effect, particularly if they synergize and augment the actions of tamoxifen. Since ERβ is the predominant ER in the hair follicle, further studies confirming whether nutraceuticals can shift the ratio towards ERβ in hair follicle cells would support a role for them in hair growth. Although more research is needed to assess safety and efficacy, this promising data suggests the potential of nutraceuticals as adjuvant therapy for hair loss in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.
Pre-treatment controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and carcinoembryonic antigen level provide tumour progression and prognostic information in gastric cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Xiuqing , Yang Liyong , Huang Linjing , Wu Peiwen
Published: February 2022

Background: This study explores the role of combining the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level on predicting tumour stage and prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients.Methods: A total of 682 GC patients were included in this retrospective study. CONUT scores and CEA levels were combined to establish a new scoring system: CONUT-CEA score. Cut-off values for distinguishing patients between stage IV and non-stage IV were established by receiver operating characteristic curves. Cut-off values for predicting prognosis were determined by maximum c2 method.Results: The CONUT and CEA cut-off values for discriminating stage IV patients from non-stage IV patients were 2.0 and 5.58 ng/ml, respectively. Logistic regression model demonstrated that high CONUT-CEA score was related to advanced tumour stage. Among non-stage IV patients, CONUT and CEA cut-off values of 2.0 and 9.50 ng/ml predicted overall survival (OS), respectively. The Cox proportional risk model revealed that high CONUT-CEA score was notable related to decreased OS (2 vs 0: hazard ratios (HR) =2.358, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.412–3.940, P=0.001) and decreased disease-free survival (2 vs 0: HR=1.980, 95% CI=1.072–3.656, P=0.003). Conclusions: The CONUT-CEA score may be a good biomarker for predicting tumour stage and prognosis in GC patients.
Prognostic Role of Ngal In Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Bhardwaj Anubhuti , Chaurasia Ajeet Kumar , Gupta Poonam , Narain Upma , Gupta Arvind
Published: February 2022

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently encountered outcome in critically ill patients, accounting for increased mortality. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been of paramount importance as a novel biomarker of AKI. This study is an attempt to assess the use of NGAL in critically ill patients so that timely interventions can be done to reduce morbidity and mortality in such patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at SRN Hospital from August 1st 2020 to March 15th 2021, which included only critically ill patients with SOFA score>1 and requiring ICU admission. Patients of known renal diseases were excluded from the study. Blood as well as urinary samples for NGAL and other laboratory parameters were collected within 8 hours of admission. Patients who developed renal dysfunction were noted as our cases and the others were noted as controls. Results: The study was done on 125 patients, out of which 67 developed AKI while 58 did not develop AKI. Higher mortality was seen in patients with higher stage of AKI (P- 0.011). The cutoff of serum and urinary NGAL for predicting AKI were >42.3 ng/mL, >40.5 ng/mL respectively (P value <0.001). Hazard Ratio for all cause mortality of raised serum and urinary NGAL was 2.0062 (p value- 0.0001, 95% CI-1.0031 to 1.0092) and 2.0046 (p value-0.0035, 95% CI-1.0015 to 1.0078) respectively. Serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin at values >91 and >131 respectively were found to predict requirement of hemodialysis (p value<0.001).Conclusion: A single measurement of NGAL at the time of admission had good predictive ability for AKI. Higher values of NGAL were associated with staging of AKI and thus, correlated with need of hemodialysis. Furthermore, mortality was found to be associated with development of AKI and raised NGAL. Thus, NGAL maybe used to assess the prognosis of ICU patients so that patients at high risk may be managed aggressively, thus reducing mortality.
A cross-sectional study on the drug usage of insomnia in the Chinese medicine hospital in Long gang, Shenzhen
Authors: Lin Jingfeng , Wang Zhenyi , Tian Danfeng , Xi Run , Zhang Lina , Han Zhenyun
Published: February 2022

IntroductionInsomnia was widely distributed among the population, and it was a risk factor for many diseases. To evaluate the condition of usage of drugs in Chinese hospital of Longgang, Shenzhen, we carried this cross-sectional research. We extracted the information of drug usage, symptoms of patients by R software (version 4.0.2) from Hospital Information System (HIS). The research was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000040703.MethodsA retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Long Gang). Insomnia patients from Jan 1, 2016 to Nov 10, 2020 were included to cross-sectional study. We analyzed the basic information, the condition of drug usage and the relation of symptoms and drug usage by R software (version 4.0.2).ResultsTotally 9439 patients were included in the study. The average age of these patients was 45.81years (SD 13.97 years). Anxiety, dreaminess, dizzy, palpitation, headache, thirsty, weakness, chest distress, annoyance, abdominal distension, bad moods, difficulty falling asleep and bitter taste were core symptoms of insomnia. Totally 14256 times (67.65%) patients received drug prescription and more than one insomnia drug was administered in 8355 patients. The 10 most used drugs ranged from more to less were Estazolam (29.99%), Zaoren Anshen Capsule (15.50%), Oryzanol (14.82%), Diazepam (14.51%), Flupentixol and Melitracen (14.30%), Alprazolam (8.12%), Zolpidem Tartrate (5.29%), Vitamin B6 (4.76%), Sertraline (4.03%), Clonazepam (2.97%). ConclusionThe drug usage for insomnia in the Chinese medicine hospital in Long gang, Shenzhen were mainly included benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines, Chinese patent medicines, anti-anxiety and anti-depression drugs, Oryzanol and Vitamin B6. The usage of Oryzanol and Vitamin B6 should be abused in Chinese medicine hospital, and the usage of Chinese medicine should be more rigorously evaluated. The nonbenzodiazepines should be promoted and broader understood in Chinese medicine hospital in Longgang, Shenzhen.
Evaluating the sensitivity of jurisdictional-heterogeneity and jurisdictional-mixing in national-level HIV prevention analyses: Context of the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic goal.
Authors: Tatapudi Hanisha , Gopalappa Chaitra
Published: February 2022

Background: The U.S. Ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) plan aims to reduce annual HIV incidence by 90% by 2030, by first focusing interventions on 57 jurisdictions (county or state) (EHE-jurisdictions) that contributed to more than 50% of annual HIV diagnoses. Mathematical models that simulate future HIV incidence projections help evaluate the impact of interventions and inform intervention decisions. However, current models are either national-level, which do not consider jurisdictional-heterogeneity, or independent jurisdiction-specific, which do not consider cross jurisdictional interactions. Data suggests that significant proportion of persons have sexual-partnerships with persons outside their own jurisdiction. However, the sensitivity of these jurisdictional interactions on model outcomes and intervention decisions have not been studied. Methods: We developed a compartmental simulation of HIV in the U.S., through composition of 57 EHE and 46 non-EHE jurisdictions, with populations interacting across jurisdictions through sexual partnerships. To evaluate sensitivity of jurisdictional interactions on model outputs, we analyzed 16 scenarios, combinations of proportion of sexual-partnerships mixing outside jurisdiction: no-mixing, low-level-mixing-within-state, high-level-mixing-within-state, or high-level-mixing-within-and-outside-state; jurisdictional-heterogeneity in care and demographics: homogenous or heterogeneous; and intervention assumptions for 2019-2030: baseline or EHE-plan (diagnose, treat, and prevent).Results: Change in incidence in mixing compared to no-mixing scenarios varied by EHE and non-EHE jurisdictions and aggregation-level. When assuming jurisdictional-heterogeneity and baseline-intervention, while the change in aggregated incidence ranged from -2% to 0% for EHE and 5% to 21% for non-EHE, within each jurisdiction it ranged from -31% to 46% for EHE and -18% to 109% for non-EHE. Thus, incidence estimates were sensitive to jurisdictional-mixing more at the jurisdictional-level. As a result, jurisdiction-specific HIV-testing intervals inferred from the model to achieve the EHE-plan were also sensitive, e.g., when no-mixing scenarios suggested testing every 1 year (or 3 years), the three mixing-levels suggested testing every 0.8 to 1.2 years, 0.6 to 1.5 years, and 0.6 to 1.5 years, respectively (or 2.6 to 3.5 years, 2 to 4.8 years, and 2.2 to 4.1 years, respectively). Similar patterns were observed when assuming jurisdictional-homogeneity, however, change in incidence in mixing compared to no-mixing scenarios were high even in aggregated incidence. Conclusions: Accounting for jurisdictional-mixing and jurisdictional-heterogeneity could help improve model-based analyses.
Grafting Improves Growth and Nitrogen-use Efficiency by Enhancing NO3- Uptake, Photosynthesis, and Gene Expression of Nitrate Transporters and Nitrogen Metabolizing Enzymes in Watermelon Under Low Nitrogen
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Guo Peijin , Wang Zhiyu , Liang Jiayi , Li Guohu , He Wenwen , Zhen Ai
Published: February 2022

Background Excessive and insufficient application of N fertilizer can inhibit plant growth, reduce N-use efficiency (NUE) and lead to production reduction. Watermelon is an important crop that often restricted by inappropriate N supply. The study aims to test whether grafting with bottle gourd rootstock can improve NUE and growth performance of watermelon under low N and to clarify the underlying physiological mechanism. Methods Grafted (self-grafted and rootstock-grafted watermelon) and ungrafted (watermelon and bottle gourd) seedlings were tested respectively, and treated with 9 mM (normal condition) and 4 mM (low N condition) NO3--N concentrations for 18 days under hydroponic conditions.Results The growth and NUE of bottle gourd rootstock-grafted watermelon seedlings increased under low-nitrate, while decreased slightly in self-grafted seedlings compared with control. Rootstock-grafted plants had higher root morphological characteristics, NO3- uptake, photosynthesis, and NUE traits than self-grafted plants under low-nitrate. The expression of nitrate transporter genes NRT1.5 and NRT2.1, and N metabolizing enzyme genes NR, NiR, GS1 and GS2 of rootstock-grafted plants were significantly up-regulated at low-nitrate treatment, which may lead to increased NO3- uptake and metabolism.Conclusion The bottle gourd rootstock grafting can improve the growth and NUE of watermelon seedlings under low-nitrate treatment. The improved plant performance is attributed to the vigorous root systems and higher NO3- uptake of rootstock roots, and the enhanced N metabolism and photosynthetic capacity of scion leaves. Grafting with the bottle gourd rootstock may be beneficial to the efficient production of watermelon and economic application of N fertilizer.
Comparison of ‘chain cabling’ and ‘roof off’ extrication types, a biomechanical study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , May Barbara , Stassen Willlem , Smith Jason E , Bowdler Jono , Wallis Lee , Shippen James
Published: February 2022

Background:Following a motor vehicle collision some patients will remain trapped. Traditional extrication methods are time consuming and focus on movement minimisation and mitigation. ‘Chain cabling’ is an alternative method of extrication used in some Scandinavian countries. The optimal extrication strategy and the effect of extrication methods on spinal movement is unknown. This study compares ‘chain cabling’ to the established roof removal method of extrication on spinal movement. Methods:Biomechanical data were collected using Inertial Measurement Units on a single healthy volunteer during multiple experiments. The extrication types examined were chain cabling and roof removal. Measurements were recorded at the cervical and lumbar spine, and in the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LR) planes. Total movement (travel), maximal movement, mean, standard deviation and confidence intervals are reported.Results:Eight experiments were performed using each technique. The smallest mean overall movements were recorded during roof-off extrication (cervical spine 0.6mm for AP and LR, lumbar spine 3.9mm AP and 0.3 mm LR). The largest overall mean movements were seen with chain cabling extrication (cervical spine AP 5.3mm. LR 6.1mm and lumbar spine 6.8mm AP and 6.3mm LR). Conclusion:In this study of a healthy volunteer, roof-off extrication was associated with less movement than chain cabling. The movement associated with chain cabling extrication was similar to that previously collected for other extrication types.
Identification of AKIRIN2 as a Potential Biomarker and Correlation With Immunotherapy in Gastric Adenocarcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Sun Shaopeng , Chen Jiajia , Weng Chunyan , Lu Yifan , Cai Chang , Lv Bin
Published: February 2022

Gastric adenocarcinoma is major type of gastric cancer that endangers human health. AKIRIN2 has been shown to be associated with cholangiocarcinoma promoting invasion and angiogenesis. In this study, AKIRIN2 is highly expressed in Gastric adenocarcinoma through bioinformatics analysis based on Stomach adenocarcinoma samples data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Correlation analysis showed that the high-expression of AKIRIN2 was associated with poor survival rate compared to the low-expression group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses determined the correlation between clinical characteristics and overall survival. Next, the correlation between AKIRIN2 and immune infiltration was evaluated. The distribution of 24 immune cells and their correlation with the expression of AKIRIN2 were explored using the immune cell database. In addition, three Immune cell databases were used to verify the positive correlation between immune cells and AKIRIN2. Also, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database was utilized to verify the correlation between AKIRIN2 expression level and the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The results showed that AKIRIN2 is an effective biomarker of Gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis, which can guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy and clarify the progress of Gastric adenocarcinoma promoted by immune microenvironment.
Production of Biodiesel From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Using Cashew Nut Shell Derived Bio-char Catalyst
Authors: Sivan Vanisree Geetha , Paleri Ansuya , Kallingal Aparna
Published: February 2022

Biodiesel has recently received widespread attention as an essential source of renewable and environmentally friendly energy due to its ease of production and clean burning. Cashew nutshell is a biomass waste readily available in India. This work studies the production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) using sulfonated cashew nutshell biochar catalyst by transesterification reaction. Catalyst efficiency is compared with a conventional catalyst for biodiesel production. Characterization of the catalyst was done using FTIR, TGA, elemental analysis, and BET. Transesterification studies were carried out using KOH and the biochar catalyst. These studies inferred that the highest conversion of CNSL to FAME is achieved by using the conventional catalyst KOH (94.2% yield) and process parameters of 650C reaction temperature, 1hr reaction time, 18:1 methanol to oil ratio, and 5 w/w % catalyst weight. The highest conversion achieved using the biochar catalyst was 43.4% at optimum process parameters. The study revealed the feasibility of producing FAME from waste biomass, which lowers production costs and benefits environmental sustainability.
Computational characterization of the behavior of a saliva droplet in a social environment
Authors: Fernandez-Gamiz Unai , Ugarte-Anero Ainara , Portal-Porras Koldo , Zulueta Ekaitz , Urbina-Garcia Oskar
Published: February 2022

The conduct of respiratory droplets is the basis of the study to reduce the spread of a virus in society. The pandemic suffered in early 2020 due to COVID-19 shows the lack of research on the evaporation and fate of droplets exhaled in the environment. The current study, attempts to provide solution through computational fluid dynamics techniques based on a multiphase state with the help of Eulerian - Lagrangian techniques to the activity of respiratory droplets. A numerical study has shown how the behavior of droplets of pure water exhaled in the environment after a sneeze or cough have a dynamic equal to the experimental curve of Wells. The droplets of saliva have been introduced as a saline solution. Considering the mass transferred and the turbulence created, the results has showed that the ambient temperature and relative humidity are parameters that significantly affect the evaporation process, and therefore to the fate. Evaporation time tends to be of a higher value when the temperature affecting the environment is lower. With constant parameters of particle diameter and ambient temperature, an increase in relative humidity increases the evaporation time. A larger particle diameter is consequently transported at a greater distance, since the opposite force it affects is the weight. Finally, a neural network based model is presented to predict particle evaporation time.
COVID19 Pandemic and Its Psychological Effects on Health Care Workers in a Socio-economically Challenged Environment; a Cross-sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Iwu Chinedu Anthony , Aguocha Chinyere , Ositadinma Pius , Chibiko Victor , Uwakwe Kenechi
Published: February 2022

Background: COVID19 pandemic, an unprecedented global public health event, is a potential precipitating factor of psychological distress especially among Health Care Workers (HCWs) already operating under existing socioeconomic stress. The study aims to assess prevalence, sociodemographic patterns and predictors of stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID19 Pandemic among HCWs in a socio-economically challenged environment,Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design used convenience and snowballing techniques to enrol 386 HCWs from public health institutions in Imo State, Nigeria from 2nd to 27th October 2021. A structured online questionnaire was used and Kruskal Wallis H test and Logistic Regression were performed with significance level, p≤ 0.05.Results: Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among the HCWs were 76.7%, 32.6% and 33.4% respectively. The median stress levels in the following subcategories were above the sample median and were highest amongst their respective subcategories. Those aged 20-29 years, female, single and also, those on the job for less than 1 year, who usually take public transport and are without training in infection, prevention and control (IPC). Similarly, the median anxiety levels in females and those without IPC training were above the sample median and were highest amongst their respective subcategories and also, the median depression levels in females and single HCWs were above the sample median and were highest amongst their respective subcategories. However, singles compared to married HCWs were significantly more likely to experience anxiety (OR: 1.84; p=0.049). and also, females compared to male HCWs were significantly more likely to experience either anxiety (OR: 1.76; p=0.013) or depression (OR: 1.88; p=0.006).Conclusion: The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression appear to be high among HCWs particularly in those that are young, female and single and therefore, the provision of mental and psychosocial health services should be timely, available and accessible to all HCW.
High Expression of ISYNA1 Preidicts Unfavourable Prognosis in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Ye Zaisheng , Zeng Yi , Wang Yi , Wei Shenghong , Lin Zhitao , Chen Shu , Chen Hang , Wang Zhiwei , Lin Ruirong , Chen Luchuan
Published: February 2022

Background: Mining the prognostic biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) has important clinical and scientific significance. Inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 (ISYNA1) has been reported in very few previous literature and its role in cancer remains controversial. However, the prognostic role of ISYNA1 in CRC still remains to be characterized. Methods: The potential prognostic factor ISYNA1 was screened out through TCGA database analysis. Then its expression and associations between clinicopathological variables were assessed in TCGA CRC cohort. The prognostic value of ISYNA1 was assessed by multiple methods, such as ROC curve, Kaplan-Meier method and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis. Then, functional enrichment and annotation among the high and low ISYNA1 groups were achieved by GO and KEGG analysis and GSEA. CRC tissue microarray and fresh CRC tissue samples obtained clinically were used for further validation.Results: ISYNA1 was highly expressed in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues. Meantime, overexpression of ISYNA1 correlated with higher N stage, M stage, AJCC stage, more lymphatic invasion and more R2 resection. Besides, high expression of ISYNA1 was closely correlated to less favorable OS, DSS and PFI. Moreover, ISYNA1 was identified an independent prognostic factor of CRC by performing univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis. The analysis of CRC tissues microarray further confirmed the conclusion drawn from TCGA data analysis.Conclusion: ISYNA1 is notably upregulated in CRC tissues and may serves as a potential biomarker of CRC.
The Swing Angle of the Intramedullary Rod in the Canal During Medial Mobile-bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: a Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: Nan Shaokui , Xu Cheng , Zhang Dong , Zhang Zhuo , Song Yue , Li Yong , Li Haifeng
Published: February 2022

Background: To determine the swing angle of the intramedullary rod in the canal during medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), we simulated the intramedullary localization process of mobile-bearing UKA via digital technology and analyzed the swing angle of the intramedullary rod swing in the canal through finite element analysis. Methods: Patients requiring mobile-bearing UKA in our department were prospectively selected. A three-dimensional femur model was established, and intramedullary rods of different lengths were inserted. The swing of the intramedullary rod in the canal was simulated, the angle of the moving rod was obtained, and the anatomic parameters of the femur were measured. Parson's correlation between the swing angle of the intramedullary rod and anatomical parameters of the femur were analyzed. Results: The longer the intramedullary rod, the smaller the swing range; this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The maximum swing range of the same intramedullary rod was significantly larger in the sagittal than in the coronal plane (P<0.05). Parson’s correlation analysis indicated that the isthmic diameter and femur length significantly correlated with the 20-cm and 25-cm and 30-cm rod swing ranges, respectively.Conclusion: We proved that the longer the intramedullary rod, the smaller the swing angle in the femoral medullary canal. The femoral medullary canal diameter and femur length affect the swing angle; thus, in patients with a shorter femur length, we recommend 25-cm intramedullary rods.
Facilitators and Barriers to Social Distancing for Young People During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Berry Emma , Jenkins Chris , Allen Sarah
Published: February 2022

Background

Social (or physical) distancing is an important transmission-prevention behaviour that has been endorsed to minimize COVID-19 transmission. This qualitative study explores the facilitators of and barriers to social distancing for young people during the COVID-19 pandemic, with recognition that young people represent a unique demographic group, with differing psychosocial needs and experiences to other age cohorts.
Methods

Qualitative data was collected as part of a larger Qualtrics survey between July 28th 2020 and August 24th 2020. Eligible participants were young people living on the Island of Ireland, aged 16-25 years. The survey design was underpinned by the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation model of behaviour change (COM-B). Semi-inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse comments collected via three free-text survey items. The COM-B model provided a thematic framework to organize subthemes extracted.
Results

A total of N=477 young people completed the survey, of which N=347 provided comments for at least one of three free-text survey items. The majority of respondents lived in Northern Ireland (96%), the average age was 21 years, and most respondents were female (73%) and were students (81%). Key barriers identified included Social Opportunity (other people not social distancing), Physical Opportunity (lack of environmental support for social distancing), and Automatic motivation (missing physical interaction from others). Key facilitators included Physical Opportunity (environmental cues and space to support social distancing), Reflective Motivation (awareness and understanding of risk of transmission), and Social Opportunity (observing others’ adhering to guidelines).
Conclusions

These findings suggest that the actions of others, environmental supports, and perception of risk have an important role in influencing social distancing behaviour among young people. The COM-B factors identified in this study can inform the development of tailored interventions using models such as the Behaviour Change Wheel.