bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transatlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP) and the spill overs effects on the Gulf – cooperation council
Authors: Naim Nadia
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the transatlantic trade and investment partnership (TTIP). The EU and the USA are negotiating the TTIP, a trade agreement that aims to remove trade barriers across different economic sectors to increase trade between the EU and the USA. The TTIP will have spill over effects on the MENA region, the GCC, Australia and the Asian sub-continent, as it raises key questions for intellectual property and international trade agreements. For instance, will the USA and EU be on an equal footing or will one triumph over the other, will third party countries like the GCC states be expected to adopt new standards.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design is a paper and online data collection method to find literature to date on intellectual property law development in the GCC states in relation to the three research objectives as set out above. The literature is the population, and this could prove problematic. Different databases have been used to cover all sources where data can be found.

Findings

As the EU-USA TTIP is aiming to conclude by the end of 2015, the GCC has an opportunity to reassess its relationship with both the EU and GCC. Up until now, the GCC was able to enter into negotiations with the EU and USA relatively independently. However, where the EU and USA can agree, there will be a harmonisation of regulations. This therefore has repercussions for the GCC. The TTIP has three main aims: to increase trade and investment through market access, increase employment and competitiveness and create a harmonised approach to global trade. To harmonise global trade, the EU and USA aim to harmonise their intellectual property rights through an intellectual property rights chapter that deals specifically with enhancing protection and recognition for geographical indications, build on TRIPS and patentability.

Research limitations/implications

This study is non-empirical.

Originality/value

The TTIP will have spill over effects for the GCC, as it has yet to finalise the EU-GCC free trade agreement and USA-GCC framework agreement. The power dynamics between the USA and EU will be a deciding factor on the intellectual property chapter in the TTIP in terms of what the provisions for intellectual property will look like and what powers will be available to investors to bring investor-state-dispute settlement claims against foreign countries.
The direct and indirect effect of NFC on marketers’ work norms, vocational socialization, individual ethical position, and ethical perceptions
Authors: McClaren Nicholas , Vocino Andrea
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The research sought to expand the conceptual understanding of the antecedents of decision-making under ethical conditions. This study aims to better understand the relationships among need for cognition (NFC), the individual ethical positions of ethical idealism and ethical relativism, organizational and professional socialization, work-related norms and ethical perceptions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study compared the impact of environmental influences (i.e. socialization and work-related norm) and individual temporally stable characteristics (i.e. NFC and ethical position) on ethical perceptions. The research surveyed marketers and tested a hypothesized model using structural equation modeling.

Findings

NFC influences marketers’ individual ethical position, their professional socialization and their work norms. The work norms of marketers are influenced by individual ethical position and organizational socialization, but not by professional socialization. Professional socialization is influenced by ethical idealism and not ethical relativism.

Research limitations/implications

A judgmental sampling technique was used and the findings cannot be generalized to other populations.

Practical implications

This research provides managers with alternative tools to encourage compliance with professional and corporate guidelines. If managers are seeking an enduring positive influence on work norms, they should be as concerned about the thinking of their employees and their employees’ ethical positions as they are with the vocational rules their subordinates adopt.

Social implications

Society will benefit from better understanding the different ways in which the ethical perceptions of individual employees are influenced and the various ways in which managers can contribute to ethically responsible corporations.

Originality/value

Although NFC has been examined in other vocational and decision-making contexts, its influence on individual ethical position, vocational socialization and work-related norms has not been empirically examined in ethical contexts for business decision-making.
Understanding and assessing crowd logistics business models – using everyday people for last mile delivery
Authors: Frehe Volker , Mehmann Jens , Teuteberg Frank
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the nature and characteristics of crowd logistics business models. Using this evaluation, a new concept for a sustainable implementation of crowd logistics services is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

The Design Science process was followed to develop the proposed crowd logistics business model concept. The data are derived from expert interviews and a document-based data analysis of 13 companies.

Findings

Four relevant steps that companies should follow to implement sustainable crowd logistics services are identified. Open research questions are also identified and guide five research tasks, which may lead to a greater understanding of this emerging field.

Research limitations/implications

The present research is based on data from companies operating in Germany. The holistic approach gives a broad overview but lacks detailed descriptions.

Practical implications

Managers can use the four steps and the crowd logistics business model concept to plan future activities (e.g. new service provision). These steps increase the understanding, awareness and knowledge of opportunities and risks of specific crowd logistics services.

Social implications

This paper provides initial insights into social changes in terms of drivers for the use of crowd logistics services. However, further research is needed to capture the social implications in detail.

Originality/value

Crowd logistics is an emerging concept, and this paper is one of the first dealing with this topic generally and the first providing an analysis of crowd logistics business models. The developed concept includes implications for practice in the forms of common, and best practices, and science in the form of open research questions and tasks. Overall, the present research provides new insights into this emerging topic.
Performance evaluation of auditors: a constructive or a destructive tool of audit output
Authors: Nehme Rabih
Published: February 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors leading to dysfunctional behavior. The role of auditors has been under scrutiny during recent accounting scandals. Auditors, among other parties, are sometimes to be blamed as a result of economic crisis periods. The paper highlights certain auditors’ behavior leading to dysfunctional acts.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey of this paper is made up of statements extracted from the performance appraisal templates used at the Big Four firms in the UK. Big Four auditors are expected to be under pressure more than non-Big Four auditors. The sample is stratified into non-experienced/experienced auditors to highlight any changes in the perception of dysfunctional behavior when the experience factor exists.

Findings

The paper finds that certain performance appraisal procedures are leading to dysfunctional acts. Accordingly, audit firms should develop other evaluation techniques that should serve their goals without pushing auditors for dysfunctional behavior.

Originality/value

This study links procedures embedded in the performance appraisals at the Big Four audit firms to dysfunctional behavior. Also, the study covers all lines of auditors to understand how the perception toward dysfunctional behavior differs when auditors gain experience.
Characteristics of intrabony nerve canals in mandibular interforaminal region by using cone‐beam computed tomography and a recommendation of safe zone for implant and bone harvesting
Authors: Yang Xiang‐wen , Zhang Fei‐fei , Li Yi‐han , Wei Bin , Gong Yao
Published: February 2017

Background

Cone‐beam computed tomography can accurately show anatomic structure of intrabony nerve canals in mandibular interforaminal region.

Purpose

The aim was to evaluate the characteristics of intrabony nerve canals in mandibular interforaminal region by using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and determine a safe zone for implant and bone harvesting.

Materials and methods

Hemimandibles (824) CBCT images were obtained. The length of the anterior loop (AL), the length and diameter of the mandibular incisive canal (MIC) and its spatial distance in various landmarks were measured.

Results

The prevalence of the AL was 93.57%, and the MIC was 97.33%. The mean lengths of the anterior extension of the anterior loop (aAL), caudal extension of the anterior loop (cAL) and the MIC were 2.53 ± 1.27 mm, 6.04 ± 1.66 mm, 9.97 ± 5.15 mm, respectively. The MIC was closer to buccal border and inferior margin of mandible. The length of the AL and diameter of the MIC varied with gender.

Conclusions

The safe zone recommended for implant surgery is 4 mm anterior and 8 mm inferior to the mental foramen, and 10 mm above the inferior margin of mandible. The chin bone should be harvested at least 10 mm below the tooth apices along with a limited depth of 4 mm.
Breeding Experience and not Age Modulates the Song Development of Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca)
Authors: Motes‐Rodrigo Alba , Labra Antonieta , Lampe Helene M.
Published: February 2017

In songbirds, the development of the species‐specific adult song involves a learning process that varies in extension. In species that incorporate new song elements throughout life (open‐ended learners), variation in male song composition could be the result of either age or breeding experience. Using data from 16 yr of fieldwork on pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca), we aimed to disclose the individual contribution of these two factors on the species song characteristics, as well as their relation with morphology and plumage color changes. Finally, we explored whether any of the song or physical features could predict the probability of males returning to the breeding site. We found that the song characteristics of the first‐time breeders did not differ between age classes, except for the total number of syllables per song, which was higher in the 1‐year‐old than in the 2‐year‐old males. However, we found that song variables associated with complexity (song and sample versatilities and repertoire size), increased significantly from the first to the second breeding season. Males showed delayed plumage maturation, with 1‐year‐old males being browner than the 2‐year‐old males independently of their breeding experience. Morphology, however, was not affected by age or breeding experience. The probability that males returned to the breeding site was not associated with song or physical features. Considering that some song learning occurs during the breeding period and that some males may skip the first breeding season, selective pressures may have been established for song complexity to be an honest indicator of breeding experience rather than age.
Corporate Hedging and the High Idiosyncratic Volatility Low Return Puzzle
Authors: Chng Michael T. , Fang Victor , Xiang Vincent , Zhang Hong Feng
Published: February 2017

The literature offers various explanations to either support or refute the Ang et al. () high idiosyncratic volatility low return puzzle. Fu () finds a significantly positive contemporaneous relation between return and exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic idiosyncratic volatility. We use corporate hedging to shed light on this puzzle. Conceptually, idiosyncratic volatility matters to investors who face limits to diversification. But limits to diversification become less relevant for firms that consistently hedge. We confirm the main finding in Fu (), but only for firms that do not consistently hedge. For firms that adopt a consistent hedging policy, idiosyncratic volatility, whether contemporaneous or lagged, is insignificant in Fama–MacBeth regressions, controlling for size, book‐to‐market, momentum, liquidity, and industry effects.
Ageing and Terminal Illness: Problems for Rawlsian Justice
Authors: Davies Ben
Published: February 2017

This article considers attempts to include the issues of ageing and ill health in a Rawlsian framework. It first considers Norman Daniels’ Prudential Lifespan Account, which reduces intergenerational questions to issues of intrapersonal prudence from behind a Rawslian veil of ignorance. This approach faces several problems of idealisation, including those raised by Hugh Lazenby, because it must assume that everyone will live to the same age, undermining its status as a prudential calculation. I then assess Lazenby's account, which applies Rawls’ general theory of justice more directly to healthcare. Lazenby suggests that we should apply Rawls’ difference principle – which claims that any inequalities in social goods must benefit the worst off – to conclude that we should significantly prioritise treatment of young patients. I argue first that the existence of young terminally ill patients undermines a number of Rawlsian arguments for the difference principle. I then argue that the structure of ageing undermines the Rawlsian decision mechanism of the ‘veil of ignorance’ on which Lazenby relies. I conclude that age and terminal illness present significant problems for any comprehensive Rawlsian account of justice.
A new cave‐dwelling loach, Triplophysa xichouensis sp. nov. (Teleostei Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: Liu S. W. , Pan X. F. , Yang J. X. , Chen X. Y.
Published: February 2017

A new cave‐dwelling loach of the genus Triplophysa, T. xichouensis, is described from an outlet of a subterranean river in Xisa Town, Xichou County, Yunnan Province, China. It can be distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: dorsal‐fin rays iii, 8; anal‐fin rays ii, 6; pectoral‐fin rays i, 9 or 10; pelvic‐fin rays i, 5 or 6; branched caudal‐fin rays 16(8+8); eyes highly degenerated to a very tiny black dot; dorsal‐fin origin closer to snout tip than to caudal‐fin base and anterior to vertical line of pelvic‐fin origin; pectoral fin length about two‐thirds the distance between pectoral‐fin origin to pelvic‐fin origin; caudal peduncle slender, its length about three times its depth; caudal fin emarginate; body smooth and scaleless; lateral line complete and straight; anterior chamber of air bladder wrapped in dumbbell‐shaped bony capsule and the posterior one well developed, long, oval; intestine short, bending in zigzag shape behind stomach. A key for the cave‐dwelling species of Triplophysa is provided.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9162FFB1‐7911‐47C3‐AE50‐6A00E9590327
The Effect of Housing on Portfolio Choice
Authors: CHETTY RAJ , SÁNDOR LÁSZLÓ , SZEIDL ADAM
Published: February 2017

We show that characterizing the effects of housing on portfolios requires distinguishing between the effects of home equity and mortgage debt. We isolate exogenous variation in home equity and mortgages by using differences across housing markets in house prices and housing supply elasticities as instruments. Increases in property value (holding home equity constant) reduce stockholdings, while increases in home equity wealth (holding property value constant) raise stockholdings. The stock share of liquid wealth would rise by 1 percentage point—6% of the mean stock share—if a household were to spend 10% less on its house, holding fixed wealth.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Laminar Heat Transfer and Friction Factor in Rectangular Microchannel With Rectangular Vortex Generators: An Application of NSGA-II With Gene Expression Programing Metamodel
Authors: Datta Aparesh , Kumar Das Ajoy , Dey Prasenjit , Sanyal Dipankar
Published: February 2017

Improvement of the effectiveness of heat exchanger is the demand of compact and efficient cooling devices. In that respect, a numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer has been conducted with different arrangements of simple vortex generator (VG) in a rectangular microchannel Reynolds number (Re) in the range between 200 and 1100. The combined effect of spanwise and pitchwise distance of VG on heat transfer is investigated rigorously to observe the dependence of heat transfer on both. By processing the numerical predictions through gene expression programing and genetic algorithm optimization, the output variations in heat transfer, or Nusselt number, and friction factor with Re and locations of VGs in the channel are predicted in the form of explicit equations. The predicted monotonic increase of the outputs with Re shows heat transfer enhancement of 40–135% at the cost of increased pressure drop by 62–186.7% with respect to channels without VGs.
Contextual Correlates of Physical Activity among Older Adults: A Neighborhood Environment-Wide Association Study (NE-WAS)
Authors: Mooney Stephen J. , Joshi Spruha , Cerdá Magdalena , Kennedy Gary J. , Beard John R. , Rundle Andrew G.
Published: February 2017

Background: Few older adults achieve recommended physical activity levels. We conducted a “neighborhood environment-wide association study (NE-WAS)” of neighborhood influences on physical activity among older adults, analogous, in a genetic context, to a genome-wide association study.

Methods: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and sociodemographic data were collected via telephone survey of 3,497 residents of New York City aged 65 to 75 years. Using Geographic Information Systems, we created 337 variables describing each participant's residential neighborhood's built, social, and economic context. We used survey-weighted regression models adjusting for individual-level covariates to test for associations between each neighborhood variable and (i) total PASE score, (ii) gardening activity, (iii) walking, and (iv) housework (as a negative control). We also applied two “Big Data” analytic techniques, LASSO regression, and Random Forests, to algorithmically select neighborhood variables predictive of these four physical activity measures.

Results: Of all 337 measures, proportion of residents living in extreme poverty was most strongly associated with total physical activity [−0.85; (95% confidence interval, −1.14 to −0.56) PASE units per 1% increase in proportion of residents living with household incomes less than half the federal poverty line]. Only neighborhood socioeconomic status and disorder measures were associated with total activity and gardening, whereas a broader range of measures was associated with walking. As expected, no neighborhood meaZsures were associated with housework after accounting for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions: This systematic approach revealed patterns in the domains of neighborhood measures associated with physical activity.

Impact: The NE-WAS approach appears to be a promising exploratory technique. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 495–504. ©2017 AACR.

See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”
Outsourcing and stability in employment: study on the hierarchy of labor values of outsourced workers
Authors: Oliveira-Monteiro Nancy Ramacciotti de , Scachetti Rodolfo Eduardo , Vieira Thaís Hilário , Aznar-Farias Maria
Published: February 2017

Com funções de guiar o comportamento e expressar necessidades, os valores humanos emergem das interações entre as pessoas e seus contextos específicos, incluindo sistemas ambientais da vida no trabalho. Valores relativos ao trabalho podem ser definidos como fatores desejados pelas pessoas no contexto laboral, funcionando como metas a serem alcançadas nesse contexto. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a hierarquia de valores laborais em trabalhadores terceirizados, quanto a: “Estabilidade”, “Realização profissional”, “Relações pessoais” e “Prestígio”. Foram investigados 106 trabalhadores terceirizados de uma universidade pública, de diferentes ocupações, amostra com predominância do sexo feminino (68%) e média de idade de 34,58 anos (DP = 9,50), com uso da “Escala de Valores Relativos ao Trabalho” (EVT). Foram consideradas as variáveis: sexo, idade, escolaridade e classe econômica. Resultados indicaram a “Estabilidade” como o principal fator na hierarquia dos valores laborais. A flexibilização no trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo caminha de forma contraditória com tendências dos trabalhadores terceirizados investigados em sua valorização da “Estabilidade”
Problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool e outras drogas entre alunos de uma Escola Municipal de Uberaba – um estudo piloto
Authors: Ruzzi-Pereira Andrea , Castro Rafaela Caroline Silveira de , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira
Published: February 2017

Contexto: O consumo de álcool e outras drogas por adolescentes têm crescido nos últimos anos, considerado um problema de saúde pública, razão para estudos e envolvimento da sociedade na busca de soluções preventivas. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool e outras drogas entre estudantes do 6º ao 9º ano de uma escola pública do ensino fundamental. Métodos: A amostra foi definida pelo critério de amostragem não probabilístico, com participação de 55 adolescentes. Os dados foram obtidos mediante a aplicação do inventário DUSI - Drug Use Screening Inventory, que é composto por 149 questões divididas em 10 áreas. Resultados: Não há diferença entre sexo na intensidade geral de problemas. As áreas com maior risco de problemas referem-se ao sistema familiar e ao lazer/recreação. Os sujeitos de 10 anos apresentam risco menor de problemas, comparados à média geral do grupo em relação aos sujeitos mais velhos. A análise das médias da densidade mostrou que meninos e meninas apresentam resultados semelhantes na maioria das áreas. Conclusão: Há necessidade de investimentos em lazer/recreação saudáveis e adequados, visto essa ser a área de maior risco para problemas associados ao uso de álcool e outras drogas.
Experiências liminares diante da imagem: breves considerações para a Terapia Ocupacional.
Authors: Siegmann Christiane , Fonseca Tania Mara Galli
Published: February 2017

O diálogo com as artes e com a filosofia constitui um importante dispositivo nas práticas da Terapia Ocupacional. A proposta de uma escrita em composição com imagens é para delas fazer emergir acontecimentos capazes de trazer indícios de um modo de trabalhar em Terapia Ocupacional que, mediado por atividades artísticas, corporais e culturais, busca potencializar a dimensão criativa e expressiva da vida, seguindo outros caminhos que não os da representação e da normatização dos corpos. Uma prática que se constitui como possibilidade para fazer proliferar experiências significativas e comunicáveis, hoje cada vez mais escassas na contemporaneidade. Na compreensão desse saber-fazer, interessa-nos explorar os conceitos de limiar e restos para pensar a noção de “experiência liminar” em Terapia Ocupacional. O presente ensaio deriva de nossa pesquisa de doutoramento que tem como campo empírico as experiências clínicas e de docência do pesquisador-terapeuta abordadas desde suas intersecções com imagens de obras de arte. Quando associamos nossas práticas à arte e às imagens que elas declinam sobre nós, torna-se possível fazer aparições de novas visualidades e legibilidades à Terapia Ocupacional que vão a contrapelo da história oficial biomédica, buscando a consolidação e os desdobramentos de condições tanto de conhecimento quanto de aliados para o acontecimento de uma nova travessia para a profissão.
Efeito do treinamento em circuito orientado para tarefa sobre o desempenho motor e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com doença de Parkinson: um estudo de casos.
Authors: Pereira Juliana Ansaloni Chagas , Gaiad Thaís Peixoto , Santos Ana Paula
Published: February 2017

Este estudo trata da descrição de dois casos de pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) submetidos a um programa de reabilitação diferencial, composto de treinamento em circuito orientado para tarefa. O objetivo foi analisar os possíveis benefícios do tratamento sobre o desempenho motor e a qualidade de vida em indivíduos com DP. O circuito foi constituído por cinco estações direcionadas à funcionalidade, equilíbrio e destreza manual. Foi desenvolvido durante seis semanas. Para a avaliação foram utilizados os testes de Romberg sensibilizado, velocidade da marcha e Timed Up & Go; o questionário PDQ-39 para avaliar a qualidade de vida e a escala unificada para a avaliação da doença de Parkinson (UPDRS). O tempo gasto em cada estação e o tempo total para completar o circuito foi cronometrado nas doze sessões para análise do desempenho dos pacientes. Os dois pacientes apresentaram melhora em todos os testes avaliados, na pontuação do PDQ-39 e na escala UPDRS, além disso, houve melhora no desempenho motor em todas as estações propostas, observada através da qualidade da execução da atividade e da diminuição do tempo para executá-la. O tratamento utilizando circuito pode ser benéfico para pacientes com DP.
Activated Platelets Induce Endothelial Cell Activation via an Interleukin-1β Pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Nhek Sokha , Clancy Robert , Lee Kristen A. , Allen Nicole M. , Barrett Tessa J. , Marcantoni Emanuela , Nwaukoni Janet , Rasmussen Sara , Rubin Maya , Newman Jonathan D. , Buyon Jill P. , Berger Jeffrey S.
Published: February 2017

Objective—

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with the premature development of cardiovascular disease. The platelet–endothelium interaction is important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the platelet phenotype from patients with SLE and matched controls, and their effect on endothelial cells.

Approach and Results—

Platelet aggregability was measured in 54 SLE subjects off antiplatelet therapy (mean age 40.1±12.8 years; 82% female; 37% white) with age- and sex-matched controls. Platelets were coincubated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and changes to gene expression assessed by an RNA array and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. SLE disease activity index ranged from 0 to 22 (mean 5.1±3.9). Compared with controls, patients with SLE had significantly increased monocyte and leukocyte–platelet aggregation and platelet aggregation in response to submaximal agonist stimulation. An agnostic microarray of HUVECs cocultured with SLE platelets found a platelet-mediated effect on endothelial gene pathways involved in cell activation. Sera from SLE versus control subjects significantly increased (1) activation of control platelets; (2) platelet adhesion to HUVECs; (3) platelet-induced HUVEC gene expression of interleukin-8, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1; and (4) proinflammatory gene expression in HUVECs, mediated by interleukin-1β–dependent pathway. Incubation of SLE-activated platelets with an interleukin-1β–neutralizing antibody or HUVECs pretreated with interleukin-1 receptor antibodies attenuated the platelet-mediated activation of endothelial cells.

Conclusions—

Platelet activity measurements and subsequent interleukin-1β–dependent activation of the endothelium are increased in subjects with SLE. Platelet–endothelial interactions may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in patients with SLE.
Use of a 3-Item Short-Form Version of the Barthel Index for Use in Stroke
Authors: MacIsaac Rachael L. , Ali Myzoon , Taylor-Rowan Martin , Rodgers Helen , Lees Kennedy R. , Quinn Terence J.
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—

There may be a potential to reduce the number of items assessed in the Barthel Index (BI), and shortened versions of the BI have been described. We sought to collate all existing short-form BI (SF-BI) and perform a comparative validation using clinical trial data.

Methods—

We performed a systematic review across multidisciplinary electronic databases to find all published SF-BI. Our validation used the VISTA (Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive) resource. We describe concurrent validity (agreement of each SF-BI with BI), convergent and divergent validity (agreement of each SF-BI with other outcome measures available in the data set), predictive validity (association of prognostic factors with SF-BI outcomes), and content validity (item correlation and exploratory factor analyses).

Results—

From 3546 titles, we found 8 articles describing 6 differing SF-BI. Using acute trial data (n=8852), internal reliability suggested redundancy in BI (Cronbach α, 0.96). Each SF-BI demonstrated a strong correlation with BI, modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (all ρ≥0.83;
P
<0.001). Using rehabilitation trial data (n=332), SF-BI demonstrated modest correlation with quality of life measures Stroke Impact Scale and 5 domain EuroQOL (ρ≥0.50,
P
<0.001). Prespecified prognostic factors were associated with SF-BI outcomes (all
P
<0.001). Our factor analysis described a 3 factor structure, and item reduction suggested an optimal 3-item SF-BI comprising bladder control, transfer, and mobility items in keeping with 1 of the 3-item SF-BI previously described in the literature.

Conclusions—

There is redundancy in the original BI; we have demonstrated internal and external validity of a 3-item SF-BI that should be simple to use.
The Politics of Race, Nationhood and Hindu Nationalism
Authors: Patil Tejaswini
Published: February 2017

The discussion on Hindu-Muslim conflict in India has revolved around religious or ethno-nationalist explanations. Employing the Gujarat riots of 2002 as a case study, I argue that dominant (Hindu) nationalism is linked to the ideas of “race” and has its roots in Brahminical notions of Aryanism and colonial racism. The categories of “foreign, hypermasculine, terrorist Other” widely prevalent in the characterisation of the Muslim Other, are not necessarily produced due to religious differences. Instead, social and cultural cleavages propagated by Hindu nationalists have their origins in race theory that accommodates purity, lineage, classification and hierarchy as part of the democratic discourses that pervade the modern nation-state. It focuses on how the state and non-state actors create discursive silences and normalise violence against minority communities by embodying emotions of fear, hate and anger among its participants to protect Hindu nationalism.
Methodological and Organization Aspects of Application of International Standards on Auditing in Auditing Practice in Russia
Authors: Массарыгина  , Massarygina V.
Published: February 2017

The article treats the problems of direct application of International standard on auditing in Russia. Author emphasizes some clauses of ISA to revise traditional treatments of connected approaches in Russian accounting. The article also analyzes some organizational measures connected with direct application of international standards on auditing in RF.
Total nitrogen dan fosfat di perairan Teluk Doreri, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat, Indonesia (Total nitrogen and phosphorus in the Doreri Bay, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province, Indonesia)
Authors: Alianto Alianto , Hendri Hendri , Suhaemi Suhaemi
Published: February 2017

Total Nitrogen (TN) and Phosphate (TP) are the two bio-elements essential that determine the source of life in the waters, including marine waters. This study aims to determine the concentration of TN and TP in the Doreri Bay. The study was conducted from January to March 2012. The sampling of seawater in situ performed three times in the six research stations. Measurement of sea water samples also carried out ex-situ by using method persulphate and peroxidisulphate for each concentration of TN and TP. The measurement results obtained an average TN concentration ranging from 0.053 to 0.165 mg/L with a higher tendency at station 1, 2 and 5 respectively of 0.102 mg/L; 0.100 mg/L; and 0.165 mg/L. While TP concentrations ranged from 0.017 to 0.038 mg/L with a value equal concentrations tended at each station observations. The results showed the value of the concentration of TN tend to vary and TP relatively stable or not varies.Total Nitrogen (TN) dan Fosfat (TP) merupakan dua unsur bioelemen penting yang menentukan sumber kehidupan di perairan termasuk perairan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi TN dan TP di perairan Teluk Doreri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2012 sampai Maret 2012. Pengambilan contoh air laut dilakukan secara in situ sebanyak tiga kali pada enam stasiun penelitian. Pengukuran contoh air laut dilakukan secara eks situ, konsentrasi TN diukur  dengan metode persulphate dan TP dengan metode peroxodisulphate. Hasil pengukuran diperoleh rata-rata konsentrasi TN berkisar dari 0,053 – 0,165 mg/L dengan kecenderungan lebih tinggi pada stasiun 1, 2 dan 5 dengan nilai konsentrasi secara berturut-turut sebesar 0,102 mg/L; 0,100 mg/L; dan 0,165 mg/L.  Konsentasi TP berkisar dari  0,017 – 0,038 mg/L dengan nilai konsentrasi yang cenderung sama pada setiap stasiun pengamatan.  Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan nilai konsentrasi TN cenderung  bervariasi dan TP relatif stabil atau tidak bervariasi.
feature article: Cinematic worlding: Animating Karelia in Santra and the Talking Trees
Authors: Oisalo Niina
Published: February 2017

In the Finnish short documentary Santra ja puhuvat puut (Santra and the Talking Trees) (2013), the director Miia Tervo travels to Russian Karelia in search of her roots in the cradle of Finno-Ugrian mythology and culture. She finds rune singer Santra Remsujeva and a sense of home that she has longed for. I suggest that Tervo uses filmmaking as a means to ‘take root’ by connecting with the mythical world of Karelia through a playful aesthetic that engages all the senses. The documentary weaves together the director/narrator’s intimate voice-over, observational scenes, animations with traditional cultural motifs, old ethnographic material and archival footage in a process of ‘cinematic worlding’. The cinematic rhythms and animated traces of the past create a sensory experience of Karelia – a slowly vanishing culture that Tervo revitalizes in an effort to find her place in the world.
Kajian Penentuan Arah Kiblat Secara Geodetis
Authors: Awaluddin Moehammad , Yuwono Bambang Darmo , Hani’ah Hani’ah , Wicaksono Satrio
Published: February 2017

Kiblat merupakan arah penting Umat Muslim menghadapkan dirinya saat melakukan ibadah shalat. Pengukuran arah kiblat kemudian menjadi permasalahan ketika lokasi suatu tempat jauh dari Ka’bah karena tidak dapat dilakukan pengamatan penglihatan secara langsung. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode yang tepat untuk menentukan arah kiblat di daerah yang jauh dari Ka’bah, dalam penelitian ini Kota Semarang. Makalah ini mengkaji besarnya perbedaan arah kiblat pada tiga bidang hitungan ellipsoid, bola dan Peta Mercator. Arah Kiblat pada ketiga bidang hitungan tersebut dibandingkan dengan arah kiblat hasil pengukuran rashdul qiblat. Arah kiblat hasil hitungan di atas ellipsoid yang sudah dikoreksi dengan di atas bola mempunyai perbedaan yang jauh lebih kecil yaitu sebesar 45,7” jika dibandingkan dengan arah kiblat pada Peta Mercator. Perbedaan arah kiblat di atas ellipsoid yang sudah dikoreksi dengan arah kiblat hasil rashdul kiblat di lapangan sebesar 00 7’ 58,24”. Sedangkan untuk selisih arah kiblat di atas bidang bola dengan azimut hasil rashdul kiblat sebesar 00 2’ 49,94”. [Title: Study of Geodetic Qibla Direction Determination] Qiblah is an important direction for Muslims exposes himself while performing prayers. Qiblah direction determination becomes a problem when the location of a place far away from the Kaaba. Therefore we need a method to determine the exact direction of Qibla in areas far from the Kaaba, in this study Semarang. This paper examines the difference of the direction of Qibla on three calculation surface: ellipsoid, spherical and mercator map. Then these Qibla direction accuracies on three calculation surface were compared with Qibla direction resulting from Rashdul Qibla Measurement. The difference of ellipsoid Qibla direction that has been corrected and spherical Qibla direction has a much smaller difference in the amount of 45.7 " compared with Mercator Qibla Direction. The difference of ellipsoid qibla direction and Qibla direction resulting from Rashdul Qibla Measurement is 00 7’ 58,24”. While the difference of spherical Qibla direction and Qibla direction resulting from Rashdul Qibla Measurement is 00 2’ 49,94”.
Back-matter
Authors: Istadi Istadi
Published: February 2017

Back-matter
Travel Models for Corridors of Metropolitan Areas Served by Railways
Authors: Brzeziński A. , Jesionkiewicz-Niedzińska K.
Published: February 2017

In recent years adverse processes of suburbanization have been observed in cities. It has become a serious challenge for urban and transport planners, as it influences largely the quality of space, the quality of life, and the cost of running the city. This paper is dedicated to travel models in areas serviced by a railway system, and is based on a real-life survey example of the Błonie community, a district belonging to the Warsaw metropolitan area. Research carried out in 2014 focused on combined travels behaviors recorded using GPS locators as well as quantitative research (volumes of users across various transport systems).
Moment Resistance of I-Section End-Plate Roof Girder Splices; A Case Study
Authors: Żółtowski K. , Kalitowski P.
Published: February 2017

This article deals with the problem of determining the resistance of end-plate connections. A nonlinear FEM model of the joint was constructed in order to predict its carrying capacity. A standard code procedure was done as well. The analyses have been done to assess atypical end-plate joints designed and constructed as a part of roof structures.
Training Level Does Not Affect Auditory Perception of The Magnitude of Ball Spin in Table Tennis
Authors: Santos Daniel P. R. , Barbosa Roberto N. , Vieira Luiz H. P. , Santiago Paulo R. P. , Zagatto Alessandro M. , Gomes Matheus M.
Published: February 2017

Identifying the trajectory and spin of the ball with speed and accuracy is critical for good performance in table tennis. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of table tennis players presenting different levels of training/experience to identify the magnitude of the ball spin from the sound produced when the racket hit the ball. Four types of “forehand” contact sounds were collected in the laboratory, defined as: Fast Spin (spinning ball forward at 140 r/s); Medium Spin (105 r/s); Slow Spin (84 r/s); and Flat Hit (less than 60 r/s). Thirty-four table tennis players of both sexes (24 men and 10 women) aged 18-40 years listened to the sounds and tried to identify the magnitude of the ball spin. The results revealed that in 50.9% of the cases the table tennis players were able to identify the ball spin and the observed number of correct answers (10.2) was significantly higher (χ2 = 270.4, p <0.05) than the number of correct answers that could occur by chance. On the other hand, the results did not show any relationship between the level of training/experience and auditory perception of the ball spin. This indicates that auditory information contributes to identification of the magnitude of the ball spin, however, it also reveals that, in table tennis, the level of training does not interfere with the auditory perception of the ball spin.
Improved algorithms for computing worst Value-at-Risk
Authors: Hofert Marius , Memartoluie Amir , Saunders David , Wirjanto Tony
Published: February 2017

Numerical challenges inherent in algorithms for computing worst Value-at-Risk
in homogeneous portfolios are identified and solutions as well as words of
warning concerning their implementation are provided. Furthermore, both
conceptual and computational improvements to the Rearrangement Algorithm for
approximating worst Value-at-Risk for portfolios with arbitrary marginal loss
distributions are given. In particular, a novel Adaptive Rearrangement
Algorithm is introduced and investigated. These algorithms are implemented
using the R package qrmtools and may be of interest in any context
in which it is required to find columnwise permutations of a matrix such that
the minimal (maximal) row sum is maximized (minimized).
Snapshots of calcium carbonate formation – a step by step analysis
Authors: Dietzsch Michael , Andrusenko Iryna , Branscheid Robert , Emmerling Franziska , Kolb Ute , Tremel Wolfgang
Published: February 2017

Recent advances in our understanding of CaCO3 nucleation from solution have provoked new and challenging questions. We have studied CaCO3 formation using precipitation by carbonate ester hydrolysis which ensures precipitation from a strictly homogeneous solution state and allows “titrating” carbonate to a solution with a given Ca2+ concentration on a timescale suited for kinetic studies. Nucleation and crystallization were traced by combining dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS served as in situ technique to identify the nucleation time, to monitor particle size evolution, to discriminate different precipitation mechanisms and to validate reproducibility. TEM snapshots taken during different stages of the precipitation process identified different phases and morphologies. At a high level of supersaturation homogeneous nucleation in solution led to the formation of amorphous CaCO3 particles (Ø≈30 nm), which transformed via vaterite to calcite. Nucleation occurred uniformly in solution which appears to be unique for the CaCO3 system. In the presence of Na-polymethacrylate (Na-PMA), heterogeneous nucleation was suppressed and Ca-polymer aggregates were formed in the prenucleation stage. Beyond a critical threshold supersaturation CaCO3 particles formed in solution outside of these aggregates. The nucleation process resembled that without additive, indicating that Na-PMA exerts only a minor effect on the CaCO3 nucleation. In the postnucleation stage, the polymer led to the formation of extended liquid-like networks, which served as a precursor phase for solid ACC particles that formed alongside the network.
Tendencia y causas de la mortalidad infantil en municipios de frontera en Colombia, 2005-2011
Authors: Mogollón-Pastran Sonia Carolina , García-Ubaque Juan Carlos
Published: February 2017

Objetivo Evaluar la tendencia y principales causas registradas de Mortalidad Infantil (MI) en  municipios fronterizos de Colombia durante los años 2005 a 2011.Metodología Estudio ecológico en los municipios frontera del país desarrollado a partir del análisis de información institucional de la MI y sus causas utilizando la lista de clasificación de grandes causas para la mortalidad infantil y del niño de la OMS. Para el análisis se incluyeron medidas de estadística descriptiva y la técnica de análisis de conglomerados Se utilizó el programa Excel y el software R-Project para el procesamiento.Resultados La MI disminuyó de forma sostenida en el país y en los municipios de frontera entre 2005 y 2011. Se evidenció la existencia de cifras significativamente más altas en algunos de los municipios estudiados.Municipios con menor MI presentaron promedios significativamente más altos de causas relacionadas con malformaciones congénitas, deformidades y anomalías cromosómicas, afecciones originadas en el periodo perinatal, enfermedades del sistema circulatorio, enfermedades del sistema digestivo y tumores y neoplasias. En contraste, municipios con mayor MI presentaron promedios más altos de causas relacionadas con enfermedades endocrinas, nutricionales y metabólicas, enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, y enfermedades del sistema respiratorio, muchas de ellas consideradas como evitables.Discusión Los municipios de frontera tienen aspectos sociales económicos, políticos y culturales que los convierten en zona de riesgo y generan interés para la salud. Los hallazgos revelan desigualdades en el comportamiento de la MI en frente al resto del país. La comprensión de las particularidades en estos municipios resulta trascendental para que el sector salud plantee e implemente estrategias y servicios de salud que respondan adecuadamente a las necesidades y se logre garantizar equidad en salud a estas poblaciones.
In situ growth of organically-modified magnesium silicate clays within poly(ethylene oxide) matrices to prepare hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Lebeau Bénédicte , Whilton Nicola T. , Mann Stephen
Published: February 2017

A direct synthetic method has been developed to produce hybrid materials composed of polymeric matrices infiltrated with layered inorganic particles. Magnesium chloride hexahydrate and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (ATES) were employed to produce lamellar organicallymodified magnesium silicate clays with structures analogous to the inorganic 2:1 phyllosilicates. Amino-functionalised Mg-phyllosilicates were prepared inside a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix under quasi non-aqueous conditions. Nanostructured PEO-organoclay composites in bulk and films have been prepared with different layered inorganic particle loadings. X-ray diffraction patterns recorded showed for all samples reflections characteristic of crystalline PEO and layered magnesium organosilicate. Increasing the inorganic content of the composites resulted in the disappearance of the X-ray reflections characteristic of crystalline PEO.
The Virial Stress Is Not a Measure of Mechanical Stress
Authors: Zhou Min
Published: February 2017

The virial stress is the most commonly used definition of stress in discrete molecular systems. This stress includes two parts. The first part depends on the mass and velocity of atomic particles, reflecting an assertion that mass transfer causes mechanical stress to be applied on stationary spatial surfaces external to an atomic particle system. The second part depends on interatomic forces and atomic positions, providing a continuum measure for the internal mechanical interactions between particles. For the simple conditions of rigid translation and uniform tension, the virial stress yields apparently erroneous interpretations. It is shown that the virial stress violates balance of momentum and does not possess physical significance as a measure for mechanical interaction between material points. The lack of physical significance is both at the individual atom level in a time-resolved sense and at the system level in a statistical sense. As a stress-like quantity, the virial stress has the geometric interpretation of being a measure for momentum change in a fixed spatial region. It is demonstrated that the interatomic force term alone is a valid stress measure and can be identified with the Cauchy stress. The discussions here focus on an error in the theoretical derivation of the virial stress that led to the inclusion of the kinetic energy term and on the conceptual flaws in the argument commonly used for including it. The result here demonstrates that, for gas systems in macroscopic steady state, the isotropic statistical average of the internal stress tensor over time and space is not equal to the negative of the macroscopic pressure tensor for the system. The statistical average of the stress is equal to the negative of the pressure only at absolute zero when all molecular motions cease.
Theoretical Investigation of Thermal Conductivity in Wurtzite GaN
Authors: Kotchetkov Dmitri , Zou Jie , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: February 2017

We apply Klemens' second-order perturbation theory to investigate thermal conductivity in wurtzite GaN films. Specifically, the effect of edge, screw, and mixed types of dislocations and their orientation with respect to the temperature gradient on the thermal conductivity values is analyzed. Using typical impurity profiles for GaN films, we study the relative contribution of different impurities into thermal resistance.