bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respuesta del crecimiento radial a la evaporación, a partir de maderas temprana y tardía
Authors: Chacón-de la Cruz José E. , Pompa-García Marín
Published: May 2015

La mayoría de los estudios dendrocronológicos se basan en la relación del crecimiento radial y la precipitación; sin embargo, pocos estudios han considerado las respuestas de la madera temprana (EW, por sus siglas en inglés) y tardía (LW, por sus siglas en inglés) al efecto de la evaporación. En este estudio se usaron índices residuales para evaluar la respuesta de crecimiento de EW y LW de Pinus cooperi Blanco al efecto de la evaporación en bosques del estado de Durango, México, durante el periodo 1964-2010. El software DENDROCLIM fue utilizado para correlacionar datos dendrocronológicos con la evaporación total mensual. En un análisis de intervalo simple se utilizaron datos de evaporación a partir del mes de enero del año previo a la estación de crecimiento a diciembre del año de la formación del anillo. Los coeficientes de correlación indicaron una relación negativa consistente de EW y LW con la evaporación del otoño-invierno previo a la estación de crecimiento. No obstante, el crecimiento de la madera tardía fue más consistente en términos de sensibilidad climática, lo cual puede indicar que la medición de dicha variable puede ser de utilidad en estudios dendroclimáticos.
Atmospheric station Křešín u Pacova, Czech Republic – a Central European research infrastructure for studying greenhouse gases, aerosols and air quality
Authors: Dvorská A. , Sedlák P. , Schwarz J. , Fusek M. , Hanuš V. , Vodička P. , Trusina J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Long-lasting research infrastructures covering the research areas of atmospheric chemistry, meteorology and climatology are of highest importance. The Atmospheric Station (AS) Křešín u Pacova, central Czech Republic, is focused on monitoring of the occurence and long-range transport of greenhouse gases, atmospheric aerosols, selected gaseous atmospheric pollutants and basic meteorological characteristics. The AS and its 250 m tall tower was built according to the recommendations of the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) and cooperates with numerous national and international projects and monitoring programmes. First measurements conducted at ground started in 2012, vertical profile measurements were added in 2013. A seasonal variability with slightly higher autumn and winter concentrations of elemental and organic carbon was revealed. The suitability of the doubly left-censored Weibull distribution for modelling and interpretation of elemental carbon concentrations, which are often lower than instrumental quantification limits, was verified. Initial data analysis also suggests that in summer, the tower top at 250 m is frequently above the nocturnal surface inversions, thus being decoupled from local influences.
Peruvian upwelling plankton respiration: calculations of carbon flux, nutrient retention efficiency, and heterotrophic energy production
Authors: Packard T. T. , Osma N. , Fernández-Urruzola I. , Codispoti L. A. , Christensen J. P. , Gómez M.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Oceanic depth profiles of plankton respiration are described by a power function, RCO2 = (RCO2)0 (z/z0)b, similar to the vertical carbon flux profile. Furthermore, because both ocean processes are closely related, conceptually and mathematically, each can be calculated from the other. The exponent b, always negative, defines the maximum curvature of the respiration–depth profile and controls the carbon flux. When |b| is large, the carbon flux (FC) from the epipelagic ocean is low and the nutrient retention efficiency (NRE) is high, allowing these waters to maintain high productivity. The opposite occurs when |b| is small. This means that the attenuation of respiration in ocean water columns is critical in understanding and predicting both vertical FC as well as the capacity of epipelagic ecosystems to retain their nutrients. The ratio of seawater RCO2 to incoming FC is the NRE, a new metric that represents nutrient regeneration in a seawater layer in reference to the nutrients introduced into that layer via FC. A depth profile of FC is the integral of water column respiration. This relationship facilitates calculating ocean sections of FC from water column respiration. In an FC section and in a NRE section across the Peruvian upwelling system we found an FC maximum and a NRE minimum extending down to 400 m, 50 km off the Peruvian coast over the upper part of the continental slope. Finally, considering the coupling between respiratory electron transport system activity and heterotrophic oxidative phosphorylation promoted the calculation of an ocean section of heterotrophic energy production (HEP). It ranged from 250 to 500 J d−1 m−3 in the euphotic zone to less than 5 J d−1 m−3 below 200 m on this ocean section.
Assessment of Operational Effectiveness for Education Program Providers
Authors: Carpenter Dale , Corbin Renee , Luke Nancy
Published: May 2015

In the current program evaluation and institutional effectiveness climate for educator preparation programs, the focus on demonstrating that institution graduates make an impact on P-12 student learning includes but sometimes overshadows the need to demonstrate the effectiveness of the operations implemented by programs and institutions. The authors provide a proposed definition for the assessment of operational effectiveness and identify assessments that measure operational effectiveness. The use of operational effectiveness assessments is explained from the point of view of one institution discussing the outcomes and changes that enhanced daily operational effectiveness resulting from the data.
Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes for Assurance of Learning at Qatar University
Authors: Al-Thani Shaikha Jabor , Abdelmoneim Ali , Daoud Khaled , Cherif Adel , Moukarzel Dalal
Published: May 2015

From 2006 to 2012 Qatar University transitioned from doing no program level outcomes-based assessment of student learning to implementation of a robust, effective, and institutionally pervasive Student Learning Outcomes Assessment System (SLOAS) that is characterized by a high level of compliance and meaningful improvements to both learning and assessment processes. Keys to the success of the implementation have been support from campus leadership, creation of a structure and processes that support assessment at all levels, and an intensive program of faculty development and faculty incentives. A unique feature of the system is the auditing of annual program assessment reports by external experts. Comparison of results from the fourth and fifth years of the implementation suggest the following trends: a relatively high and increasing tendency to identify learning improvements involving revisions of curriculum and courses, a low and decreasing tendency to identify learning improvements that cost money, and a high and increasing tendency to make changes to assessment processes that make them more meaningful and more manageable.
Hämostaseologische Aspekte in der Onkologie
Authors: Langer F.
Published: May 2015

Der klinische Zusammenhang zwischen Tumor und Thrombose ist spätestens seit den Beobachtungen von Armand Trousseau (1865) bekannt. Die Aktivierung der Hämostase und Fibrinolyse spielt nicht nur in der Ätiologie des Trousseau-Syndroms eine wichtige Rolle, sondern fördert auch direkt die Progression maligner Erkrankungen. Insbesondere der Gewebefaktor (Tissue-Faktor) ist für das primäre Tumorwachstum und die hämatogene Metastasierung von Bedeutung. Dabei unterliegen die bei Krebspatienten beobachteten Gerinnungsstörungen zumindest teilweise der Kontrolle durch definierte (in)aktivierende Mutationen von Tumorsuppressor- oder Onkogenen.

Während die langfristige Antikoagulation mit niedermolekularem Heparin (NMH) etablierte Standardtherapie der tumorassoziierten venösen Thromboembolie (VTE) ist, müssen die medikamentöse VTE-Prophylaxe bei ambulanten onkologischen Patienten und das Management von komplexen Hämostase- störungen individuell und risikoadaptiert erfolgen. (Tier)experimentelle Studien legen zudem nahe, dass NMH in der Therapie von Krebspatienten effektiv sein könnte. Dieser Zusatznutzen konnte jedoch bisher nicht zweifelsfrei durch randomisierte Studien belegt werden.
Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Gundpak – A Traditional Milk Product of Nepal
Authors: Acharya Pushpa Prasad , Kharel Ganga Prasad , Chetana Ramakrishna
Published: May 2015

Gundpak, is a popular khoa based traditional milk product of Nepal and commonly used as a sweet. Twelve market samples of Gundpak were collected from the different areas of Kathmandu valley. The physico-chemical, sensory and microbiological analyses of the samples were investigated. The commercial samples were not consistent in their chemical compositions. The moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrates and ash were varied from 10.1 to 21.2, 10.6 to 16.5, 16.8 to 30.3, 29.0 to 54.8, 2.4 to 3.7 percentages, respectively. The microbiological analysis showed that Total Plate Count, Yeast and Mold, and Coliform were varied from 0 to 5 × 104, 0 to 8.0 × 103, 0-1.1 × 102, whereas there was no growth of Staphylococci. The hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, chewiness and adhesiveness values were varied from 31.7 to 245.3 N, 90.03 to 296.3, 7.84 to 22.06 N, 2.36 to 7.62, 1.45 to 16.2 N.mm, and 0.3 to 6.8 mNm, respectively, among the samples. In the commercial samples, colour parameter, L*values was varied from 17.12 to 42.08, indicating wide variations in appearance from light to dark brown. The overall sensory quality did not show significant variations. The minerals, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper were in the ranges from 390.7-527.15, 25.56-40.43, 188.86-215.93, 282.0-378, 0.41-0.52, 1.31-2.58 and 0.11-0.16 mg/100 g sample, respectively. These results indicated that Nepalese Gundpak significantly vary in physico-chemical characteristics and hence require optimization of product ingredients and processing technology to get uniform high quality.
Putrescine metabolism in pea seedligs
Authors: Wielgat B. , Kleczkowski K.
Published: May 2015

The effect of putrescine (Putr.) and N-carbamoylputrescine (N-CPutr.) fed to excised pea seedlings was studied. Contrary to great toxicity of higher than 0.5% Putr., N-CPutr. even at higher concentration was not toxic for the plants. The detoxication of plant cells by carbamoylation of Putr. was postulated. No differences were found in ornithine carbamoyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.3.) activity between plants fed with Putr. or N-CPutr. The most label from 14C-putrescine was found in γ-aminobutyric acid. No labeled N-CPutr. was detected. The "oscillatory" mechanism of N-CPutr. synthesis in higher plants was postulated.
Relationship between dry matter production and carbon dioxide absorption in seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) in their second vegetation season
Authors: Żelawski W. , Kucharska J. , Kinelska J.
Published: May 2015

Accumulation of dry matter in needles, lignified stems and roots during the second vegetation season was compared with seasonal changes in photosynthesis and respiration activities of the se organs. Whereas growth analysis concerned plants growing at nearly natural course of external conditions, gas exchange determinations were made at constant laboratory conditions. For comparison of dry matter production and photosynthetic ability of a plant new terms „assimilation capacity" and „efficiency of assimilation" were introduced as possible expressions of photosynthetic productivity. Two ecotypes of Scots pine originating from lowland and highland regions of the country exhibited slightly different pattern of the investigated characteristics.
Effect of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid and vanillin on chlorophyll, protein and RNA synthesis in detached cucumber cotyledons, and chlorophyll degradation in senescing leaf discs of kale
Authors: Knypl J. S.
Published: May 2015

N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and KC1 stimulated growth in detached greening cucumber cotyledons; BAP enhanced RNA synthesis whereas KCl strikingly accelerated leucine-14C incorporation into proteins. Vanillin (0.01 M) inhibited greening and protein synthesis, and nullified the stimulatory effects of KC1. a-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA, 0.01 M) inhibited greening without any effect on protein synthesis when it was applied alone; CEPA decreased RNA synthesis, completely nullified the K+-induced synthesis of chlorophyll, and reduced the BAP- or KCl-induced growth. Vanillin inhibited yellowing in 'senescing leaf discs of kale kept in darkness, whereas CEPA had an opposite effect.
The significance of compression wood in restoration of the leader in Pinus sihestris L. damaged by moose (Alces alces). II. Structure of growth rings in regenerating stems in relation to juvenile wood formation
Authors: Molski B. A.
Published: May 2015

The corewood of pine ds very prone to compression wood formation, this changing the whole pattern of the tree ring structure and the siz.es of early and late wood. Compression wood always increases the formation of late wood at the expense of early wood. Tree rings with compression wood are generally wider than those without it, but there occur also tree rings wihout compression wood wider than those in which it is present, formed in the same year and in the same tree.
Changement du taux des triterpénoîdes dans Helianthus annuus L. pendant la période de végétation [Variations in the level of triterpenoids in Helianthus annuus during vegetation]
Authors: Struby K. , Kasprzyk Z.
Published: May 2015

The variations in the level of triterpenoids, i.e. methylsterols, sterols, triterpenic monols and diols as well as of oleanolic acid and echinicystic acid were investigated in different organs of Helianthus annuus plant during vegetation period till 120th day. It was found that all types of compounds investigated are present in considerable quantities in the whole plant during this period. The presence of 5 monols and of 5 diols with chromatographic properties of pentacyclic triterpenic alcohols identified previously in Calendula officinalis flowers was proved in the shoots of H. annuus. This fact indicates that ,the green tissues of H. annuus possess the capacity to biosynthesize the pentacyclic triterpenes of different types and to hydroxylate them, what results in formation of diols from monols and of echinocystic acid from oleanolic acid. The green tissues of the previously investigated C. officinalis can synthesize only the triterpenes of the ß-amyrin type and the synthesis of triterpenes of other types and their hydroxylation procedes only in the flowers of this plant.
Free amino acids in the environment of the developing embryo (Dicotyledonous plants)
Authors: Ryczkowski M. , Buijs M. G. , Van Dijk H. T. , Ryczkowska H.
Published: May 2015

The analyses of the central vacule sap in ovules of Aesculus hybrida D.C. and A. hippocastanum L. (generally during the exponential phase of the embryo growth) for free amino acids have been carried out. Some similarities and differences have been established referring the course of the total concentration changes of free amino acids resp. concentration changes of particular amino acids in the sap.
Badania kariologiczne nad trzema gatunkami rodzaju Malva L. [Karyological studies in three species of the genus Malva L.]
Authors: Adamkiewicz E. , Bijok K.
Published: May 2015

In this paper the numbers of chromosomes in the root-tips of Malva verticillata L. (2n - 84), M. neglecta Wallr. (2n = 42), and M. crispa L. (2n = 112) from the stands of Poland are given. The species studied are all poliploids with the number x=7.
Effects of X-rays on seed germination and growth of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings of different provenience
Authors: Nalborczyk E. , Żelawska B. , Kołakowska M.
Published: May 2015

The effect of ionizing radiation on germination of seed and growth of seedlings of Scots pine was investigated. Higher radioresistance of seed originating from the highland region was established. No difference was found in the investigated seed samples in the content of cysteine and content and composition of the chloroform-soluble fraction. Differences in compounds contained in the chloroform-soluble fraction and in the rate of phosphorus uptake were found in young seedlings of different provenience. They possibly are related to the difference in the ability of seedlings to regenerate the postirradiation damage.
Fine structure of lipotubuloids (elaioplasts) in Ornithogalum umbellatum L. I.
Authors: Kwiatkowska M.
Published: May 2015

The bodies occurring in the ovary epidermis cells of Ornithogalum umbellatum, rich in lipids have been earlier described as elaioplasts. They consist of agglomerations of osmiophilic granules within the cytoplasm, caught in a network of, and interconnected by, a system of interesecting microtubules. These structures have been named lipotubuloids. They translocate in the cell by way of a progressive-rotary motion. Endoplasmic reticulum membranes, ribosomes and very scarse mitochondria and Golgi structures occur within the lipotubuloids.
The anatomical structure of the common fir (Abies alba Mill.) bark. II. Quantitative changes in bark tissues within the stem
Authors: Golinowski W. O.
Published: May 2015

The regularities of the process of secondary sclerification of secondary phloem were investigated. A correlation was found between the number of sclereid layers and the age of the tree. A new sclereid layer forms within the secondary phloem on the average every 4-8 years. The process of formation of the successive layers is not uniform in its course. The differences concern mainly the structure of the successive sclereid layers and the duration of the process of their filling.
Changes in 14CO2 absorption rates by the successive leaves in buckwheat and white mustard plants of various ages
Authors: Gej B.
Published: May 2015

The experiments with different-aged buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Mnch.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) plants showed that the sub-apical and middle leaves, before they had reached their approximate final sizes, had the highest rates of 14CO2 absorption. The intensity of this process decreases in each leaf with age of the plant. White mustard leaves showed a little higher absorption rate of 14CO2 than analogous leaves of buckwheat plants. In the investigated leaves no close relationship between the intensity of 14CO2 assimilation and chlorophyll a and b concentration was observed. Some possible reasons for the higher intensity of photosynthesis in the sub-apical leaves are discussed.
Action of actinomycin D on auxin-induced growth of Avena coeleoptile section
Authors: Buczek J.
Published: May 2015

Double-stranded DNA and in a lesser degree ATP reduce the inhibitory action of actinomycin D on auxin-induced elongation growth. The reduction of inhibition by DNA is significant in the initial phase of elongation up to the 4th hour of growth. The effect of ATP is similar but less pronounced. Both substances applied jointly do not completely abolish the inhibitory action of actinomycin D. The foregoing data and the kinetic characteristic of the auxin-induced elongation in the presence of actinomycin D suggest that this antibiotic inhibits growth by blocking synthesis of RNA essential for elongation growth and causes, moreover, certain distinct cellular changes which cannot be explained by the inhibition of DNA-depend RNA synthesis.
On several stratigraphically important species of sporomorphs occurring in the Keuper of Poland
Authors: Orłowska-Zwolińska T.
Published: May 2015

Seven species of sporomorphs are described occuring in large quantities in Keuper sediments of Western, Central and Southern Poland. Among these species three are new: Triadispora keuperiana, Triadispora undulata and Eucommiidites sulechoviensis; one species is a newly established combination of the species Todisporites cinctus (Mai.) nov. comb. The descriptions of the remaining three already given in foreign literature are supplemented by new observations made on the material investigated.
Pattern of 14C-assimilates distribution in relation to their supply and demand in sunflower. Part II
Authors: Starck Z.
Published: May 2015

Reduction of photosynthetic activity by 6 or 7 days of preshading increased to some extent migration of 14C-assimilates to the stem and decreased that to the roots. Restriction of roots demand for assimilates by feeding them with sucrose decreased the share of roots in 14C-export from the blades and increased 14C-transport to the other acceptors: stem and apical part, mainly in plants with roots actively accumulating radioactive substances in control plants, in which competition for assimilates was strong. A very small or even no effect of sucrose was observed in seedlings with relatively lower activity of roots as well as in the plants translocating labelled assimilates in darkness.
Fine structure of lipotubuloids (elaioplasts) in Maha neglecta and Althaea rosea
Authors: Kwiatkowska M.
Published: May 2015

The elaioplasts in the genus Malva, like those of Ornithogalum umbellatum are lipotubuloids, that means that they are aggregations of osmiophilic granules surrounded by a network of microtubules which in the lipotubuloids of Malva, are more labile than those of Ornithogalum.
Is the orientation of the fibrillar helix in the main layer of cell walls constant or variable within a tree?
Authors: Pyszyński W. , Hejnowicz Z.
Published: May 2015

The study material consisted of samples from 270 Picea excelsa and 54 Abies alba trees with variable type of wood grain. No correlation was found between the orientation of the fibrils and the type of grain. In all the samples in which the fibrillar helix formed an angle with the cell axis greater than 10° (80% of the total) the helix was of Z type. In the other samples undulations commonly occured in the orientation of fibrils within a cell. These were in the form of local deviations to the left or right of the general trend to develop the Z type of spiral.
Studies on amino acid metabolism in Lathyrus sativus Biosynthesis of homoserine and O-oxalylhomoserine
Authors: Przybylska J.
Published: May 2015

Examination of free amino acid pool in Lathyrus sativus showed a rapid increase of homoserine and O-oxalylhomoserine during germination. Isotopic experiments indicated that aspartic acid was an effective precursor of homoserine in Lathyrus sativus and suggested oxalic acid to be incorporated into O-oxalylhomiaserine as an intact moiety. Similar trends of amino acid metabolism of Lathyrus sativus and of Pisum sativum have been discussed.
Studies on the physiology of Funaria hygrometrica spore germination. Part IV. The effect of blue and red light on the germination of spores
Authors: Krupa J.
Published: May 2015

The effect of radiation with wave-lengths 654 nm and 425 nm on the germination of Funaria hydgrometrica spores has been studied. The wave-length bands used for the radiation treatment were employed for various durations and in various combinations. The effects of red and blue light were different in the individual phases of germination when after an inductive radiation treatment light in the 425 nm wave-length was supplied. Differences in the effect of red and blue light are observable in the "post-effects" land in the germination morphology.
Znaczenie badań nad zmiennoscią liści grabu dla celów paleobotanicznych [Studies on the variability of hornbeam-leaves and their importance for paleobotany]
Authors: Białobrzeska M.
Published: May 2015

The aim of the investigations on the variability of the leves of Carpinus betulus was to characterize a chosen population on the basis of all types of its leaves. The results obtained from the measurements of the leaves, which provided a picture of their variability, were compared with the autumn fall of the same population, i.e. with the material which some time might become fossil material. It appeared that three fundamental types of leaves may be distinguished on the shoots of Carpinus betulus: l. short, broad, roundish or egg-shaped leaves with broad apical angles and a heart-shaped base, which grew out of the first nodes, 2. slim leaves with acute apical and basal angles, their broadest part situated high, which were encountered on nodes VII-X of the long shoots, and 3. large, oval leaves derived from nodes IV-VI and regarded as typical of the species Carpinus betulus. The asymmetry of the base of blade appeared to be an important character. This asymmetry vanished gradually from node to node towards the apex of shoot.
Introductory studies of bacterial effects on the course of mitosis in adventitious roots of Allium cepa L.
Authors: Cebrat J. , Czerwińska K. , Bohdanowicz-Murek K.
Published: May 2015

The level of spontaneous chromosome aberrations and other phenomena concomitant with mitoses in the meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. adventitious roots grown in water, depends to a large extent on the intensity of bacteria multiplication. From the water culture two strains of bacteria, which were most numerous, were isolated - Agrobacterium and Flavobacterium. A supernatant from bacteria grown on Davis medium induced chromosome sticking together, c-mitoses and the formation of polyploid nuclei in the roots of onion.
Phosphorus compounds, proteins, nuclease and acid phosphatase activities in isolated spinach chloroplasts
Authors: Mikulska E. , Maciejewska-Potapczyk W. , Konopska I. , Damsz B.
Published: May 2015

This paper deals with attempts to elaborate a simple method of spinach chloroplast isolation ensuring a high proportion of intact chloroplasts. We obtained 3 preparations of isolated chloroplasts. Several preliminary analyses of the obtained chloroplast fraction were also performed. Phosphorus compounds, total protein and the enzyme activities of RNase, DNase and GPase were determined. We found: 0,36-0,59% of RNA, 0,19-0,24% of DNA, 2,1-2,9% of phospholipids and 26-28% of protein. RNase activity was very high.
Badania kariologiczne brzozy ojcowskiej i jej potomstwa [Karyological studies on Betula oycoviensis Besser and its progeny]
Authors: Szwabowicz A.
Published: May 2015

In the progeny of Betula oycoviensis pollinated with the pollen of Betula oycoviensis three groups were distinguished: oycovlensis type, verrucosa type, and „nova" type (a small dwarf birch). The number of chromosomes determined in the parental specimens and in several descendent plants belonging to the three types was in all cases 2n=28. Besides the number 28 there occurred simultaneously other numbers of chromosomes in the cells of very young leaves of two specimens. This fact should be considered as a phenomenon of mixoploidy.
Cytochemical localization of certain hydrolytic enzymes at various stages of development of Achlya flagellata mycelium
Authors: Palczewska I. , Jagodzka G.
Published: May 2015

The standard coupling azo dyes techniques were used to reveal the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase and β-galactoidase in the vegetative and reproductive cycle of Achlya flagellata. The end-products of the enzymic reactions, with the exception of E 600 sentisive esterese, which is localized in cytoplasm, occured in cytoplasmic granules. These granules are expected to be spherosomes. Acid phosphatase activity is high in differentiating sporangia, in antheridial hyphae and in degenerating oospheres where hydrolytic processes occur. β-galactosidase is the least active enzyme in the mycelium of Achlya.
Theoretical plotting of the action potential curve of Characeae cells
Authors: Piechocki Gerard
Published: May 2015

This paper gives a theoretical analysis of the action potential of cells of Characeae based on the Chizmadzhev-Markin equation.
Comparative investigations of the development of Fungi from the section of Penicillium clavigerum
Authors: Piskorz B.
Published: May 2015

The action of varying concentrations of CO2 in light and in darkness on P. claviforme and P. isariaeforme was studied. In the former, the shape of coremia was influenced but dry weight was not. In P. isariaeforme increase of concentrations of CO2 inhibits development of coremia, and in light, results in excess of dry weight. Experiments applying C14O2 revealed that both may assimilate carbon from the air.
Endogenous auxins and growth inhibitors in the developing inflorescences and infructescences of black poplar (Populus nigra L.)
Authors: Kamieńska Aniela
Published: May 2015

The present work reports on some change in endogenous auxin content in black poplar inflorescences and infructescences in the course of their development. The same groups of auxin were present in both inflorescences and infructescences examined. The maximum activity of auxin was found in male as well as female inflorescences about 3,5 cm long. The female ones, however, showed a higher level of total auxin content than the males.
Studies on pigments of the myxomycete Physarum nudum. II. Separation and optical properties of the pigments from plasmodia cultured in darkness
Authors: Raczkowski L.
Published: May 2015

The paper presents the data on Separation and some optical properties of the pigments obtained from the plasmodium of the myxomycete Physarum nudum grown in the dark. Pigment Separation was performed by means of thin-layer chromatography with celulose MN 300 as adsorbent and with the solvent: tert.-butylalcohol, H2O, 3N NH4OH at the ratio 5:2:1 In these conditions the chromatograms revealed 12 coloured bands from which pigments were eluted and their absorption spectra as well as the spectra of fluorescence emission were determined. The isolated pigments differ from one another by their physical properties (different Rf values, localization of absorption maxima, and behaviour in acid solution). Nevertheless, certain analogies perceptible between particular pigments per-mitted to distinguish 3 families of the studied pigments demonstrating similar properties.
Karyological investigations on Erigeron canadensis L. and E. annuus (L.) Pers. from natural stands in Poland
Authors: Bijok K. , Kreńska B. , Pawlak T.
Published: May 2015

The number of chromosomes in metaphases root meristems of Erigeron canadensis L. (2n= 18) and E. annuus (L.) Pers. (2n=27) was determined. The chromosomes of both species showed a morphological differentiation - they were heterobrachial or isobrachial; E. annuus had an additional unpaired isobrachial chromosome.
Fractionation of phosphorus compounds in tumor and callus tissues of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Baranowska K. , Kłyszejko-Stefanowicz L. , Maciejewska-Potapczyk W.
Published: May 2015

Phosphorus campounds in 2-, 4-, S- and 8-week old cultures of tumour and callus tissues of Nicotiana tabacum were fractionated by the method of Schmidt and Thannhauser (1945) modified toy Niemierko (1953). Much higher contents of P fractions were found in tumours as compared with callus tissues DNA content in tumour tissue increased during 8 weeks. The contents of the acid-soluble P fraction and RNA + pbosphoprotein fraction increase until 6 -weeks, then it decreases. Callus tissue however shows a decreased nucleic acids P fraction after 4 weeks. The remaining fractions of this tissue increase slightly in this period but they decrease after 6 and 8 weeks.
Regenerative properties of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. Leaves cultured in vitro
Authors: Kukułczanka K. , Suszyńska G.
Published: May 2015

The regenerative properties of Saintpaulia ionantha leaves ware investigated in culture in vitro. The leaves acquire this ability after the end of growth. Restitution regeneration was found to be polar and the sequence in organogenesis of roots and buds was different than on a peat-sand substratum. NAA inhibits growth of isolated leaves and stimulates callus and root development. Kinetin abolishes the polarity of regeneration, stimulates leaf growth, initiates formation of numerous buds and inhibits rhizogenesis. The interaction of kinetin with NAA or IAA in dependence on the order in which these substances are applied stimulates in various extents the growth of isolated leaves and callus, and bud and root formation.
Callose localization in the walls of megasporocytes and megaspores in the course of development of monospore embryo sacs
Authors: Kuran H.
Published: May 2015

The localization of callose in the cell walls of megasporocytes and megaspores was studied by means of fluorescence microscopy. It was found that the part of the meiocyte cell wall in which callose begins to appear corresponds to the region of active megaspore formation. During the whole megasporogensis more of callose was found in walls of such cells which differentiate afterwards. For different species the pattern of callose distribution in walls during megasporogenesis is a constant specific trait.
A simple way of finding linked and antagonistic characters by means of table of characters used in the dendrite method
Authors: Kowal Tadeusz
Published: May 2015

The author gives a new methodical solution based on the table of characters used in taxonomic examinations by the dendrite method worked out for the species of Delia Dum., Spergula L. and Spergularia Presl. growing in Poland. This methodical solution shows a simple way to find conjugate and antagonistic characters in the examined species and to determine which characters are related to each other in different organs.
The role of the number of characters in distinguishing taxa in taxonomic investigations performed by the dendrite method
Authors: Kowal Tadeusz
Published: May 2015

The author presents a new conception of distinguishing taxonomic units, while taking into .account a precise class of characters, It is shown on the taxonomy of species of Delia Dum., Spergula L., and Spergularia Presl., growning in Poland and based on the interpretation of the dendrite in the author's taxonomic investigations.
Changes in the electrophoretic pattern of glucosidases during apple seeds stratification
Authors: Podstolski A. , Lewak St.
Published: May 2015

The technique of localization of glucosidases on disc electropherograms, based on reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride by enzymatically liberated sugar is described. The changes in electrophoretic patterns of amygdaline, phloridzin and p-nitrophenyl-β-glucoside hydrolysing glucosidases during apple seed stratification were studied. The changes were correlated with earlier described changes in endogenous apple seed amygdaline and phloridzin contents.
Influence of low temperature on germination and endogenous growth regulator contents in Scots Pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seeds
Authors: Kopcewicz J. , Poraziński Z.
Published: May 2015

Twenty days-long stratification of Scots pine seeds results in the seeds germinating in similar high percentage in darkness as in light. The period of stratification enough to overcome the "barrier" of light is connected with simultaneous increase of gibberellin contents, especially with the appearance of the new groups of gibberellins qualitatively similar to those occurring in pine tissues under the influence of red and white light. It was also found that seedlings grown from stratificated pine seeds produce the increased amounts of gibberellins.
Sensitivity of Fomes annosus Fr. Cooke and Schizophyllum commune Fr. to air pollution with sulphur dioxide
Authors: Grzywacz Andrzej
Published: May 2015

The sensivity of mycelium to sulphur dioxide polluting the air depends on its physiological activity. As measure of activity growth was adopted, in the sense of the function of dry weight and diametre of the colony, intensity of respiration, amino acids and nitrogen content in dry mycelial mass. The influence of SO2 on mycelium growth in dependence on its age and pH of substrate was also investigated.
The position of Scirpo-Phragmitetum W. Koch 1926 in systematics
Authors: Tomaszewicz H.
Published: May 2015

The available material concerning Scirpo-Phragmitetum phytocenoses from the whole territory of Poland was analysed. The results indicate that it is a complex unit which should be separated into a number of taxons ranking as associations such as Phragmiteturn, Scirpetum lacustris, Typhetum angustifoliae, Typhetum latifoliae, Sparganietum erecti and Eleocharitetum palustris.
Investigations into rhizosphere microflora. IV. Fungal association in different root regions of some rainy-season crops
Authors: Srivastava V. B.
Published: May 2015

Non-rhizosphere, rhizosphere and rhizoplane microflora of the crown and distal regions of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. and Paspalum scrobiculatum L. were studied from seedling stage to the harvest. The variation in bacterial and fungal flora in relation to host species, stage of development and żonę of the rhizosphere were studied. The differences between fungal and bacterial flora are described. The relation between rhizosphere microflora and roots exudates is described.
Effects of growth retarding compounds on chlorophyll accumulation and nitrate reductase activity in nitrate induced cucumber cotyledons
Authors: Knypl J. S.
Published: May 2015

Cotyledons were excised from 5-day old etiolated cucumber seedlings and .grown for 24 or 48 h in solutions of plant growth retardants: AMO-1618,B-Nine, CCC and phosfon D, supplemented with KNO3 (10-2M) in light. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was determined in vivo. CCC and Phosfon D at high concentrations had no effect on nitrate reductase activity in 24 h tests. CCC at 5xl0-2 M enhanced NR activity in longer 48 h tests; Phosfon D was inhibitory in that case. AMO-1618 markedly decreased NR activity. B-Nine strikingly enhanced NR activity in KNO3 induced cytoledons; the effect was positively correlated with the concentration of B-Nine. Ali the compounds inhibited chlorophyll synthesis.
No effect of plant growth retarding compounds and growth stimulators on indolo-3-acetic acid oxidase activity in greening cucumber cotyledons
Authors: Knypl J. S.
Published: May 2015

Cotyledons dissected from 5-day-old etiolated cucumber seedlings were incubated in solutions on AMO-1618, B-Nine, CCC and Phosfon D for 48 h in light. In some tests the retardants were applied in mixed solutions with GA3 or BAP. IAA oxidase was extracted and purified by means of molecular sieving through a bed of Sephadex G-25. The retardants inhibited chlorophyll synthesis by 50 % or more, and had essentially no effect on IAA oxidase activity per cotyledon basis. GA3 and BAP also had no effect on enzyme activity in spite of a fact that the compounds stimulated growth of the cotyledons. The crude enzyme extract from B-Nine treated cotyledons showed lower IAA oxidase activity in comparison with the water treated control, the effect being due to a longer lag-phase preceding the initiation of IAA oxidation. KNO3 strikingly stimulated expansional growth of the cotyledons, the effect being correlated with the accelerated chlorophyll accumulation. KNO3 had no effect on IAA oxidase activity per cotyledon and decreased it per gram fr wt. It is concluded that [1] the growth rate of cucumber cotyledons is not correlated with IAA oxidase activity, and ;[2] the growth retarding compounds do not affect IAA oxidase system is this tissue.
Certain aspects of the chemotaxic reaction of chloroplasts in Funaria hygrometrica
Authors: Godziemba-Czyż Janina
Published: May 2015

1.The investigations here described were undertaken in order to establish whether the products of glycine oxidation - a reaction catalysed by the specific glycine oxidase - when applied in the external environment of Funaria hygrometrica leaves and penetrating into the leaf cells – have a chemoinductive effect on chloroplast translocation. 2.The experiments were performed both in light and in darkness with glyoxalate and glycine, and with NH4 and H2O2 only in light. 3.Glyoxalate (10-4M) exhibits a marked chemoinductive effect both in light and darkness, whereas glycine only in light, the remaining above mentioned compounds show no activity. 4.Other compounds with a similar chemical structure such as glycollate, glyoxal, oxalic acid and acetic acid were tested. None of them influence chloroplast translocation in Funaria leaves.
Influence of gibberellic acid on hydrolytic enzymes activity in germinating different-aged lupin seeds
Authors: Mierzwińska T.
Published: May 2015

The influence of GA3 -on the germination of different-aged lupin seed and α-amylase, protease and ribonuclease activity in the embryonic axis and cotyledons of these seeds were investigated after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of germination. GA3 treatment of older seeds greatly reduced the per cent of abnormal seedlings and increased ribonuclease activity, and, at the beginning of germination, also of amylase, whereas protease activity remained unchanged. Young seeds did not show any definite reaction to GA3 with the exception of a slight increase in ribonuclease activity.
Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the aleurone grains of Iris pseudoacorus endosperm and Pisum sativum cotyledons
Authors: Konopska Ligia
Published: May 2015

Aleurone grains from Iris pseudoacorus endosperm and Pisum sativum cotyledons were isolated partly according to Tombs's method (1967). Nitrogen compounds content was determined in them by Kjeldahl's micromethod, and in the particular fractions after Thiman and Laloraya (1960). Mainly protein N was detected in the aleurone grains, constituting 14.8 and 15.2 per cent of the dry mass of pea and Iris seeds, respectively. Moreover, phosphorus compounds were fractionated according to Holden and Pirie (1955). Analyses demonstrated the presence in aleurone grains of inorganic P, acid-soluble organophosphorus compounds, phospholipids and RNA.
Distribution of radioactive products of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus sihestris L.) seedlings during the first vegetation season
Authors: Góral Igor
Published: May 2015

Dynamics of translocation and distribution of radioactive photosynthetic products in one year old pine (P. silvestris L.) seedlings was investigated at different growth stages. It was found that the utilization of photosynthetic products in particular organs depends greatly on the growth stage. Loses of photosynthetic products as a result of respiration were the smallest at the stage of intensive needle growth and the greatest at the stage of approaching dormancy.
The typical variety and developmental stages of Micrasterias truncata (Corda) Bréb
Authors: Tomaszewicz Grażyna H.
Published: May 2015

The species Micrasterias truncata and its developmental stages were investigated. Certain varieties distinguished within this species are critically evaluated as synonymous.
Effect of ammonium and nitrate source of nitrogen on productivity of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings
Authors: Łotocki A. , Żelawski W.
Published: May 2015

Water culture and sand culture seedlings of Scots pine were investigated in respect to their reaction to ammonium or nitrate source of nitrogen nutrition. Photosynthesis, respiration, and dry matter production were studied in three and four months old plants. The results are preliminary but they have indicated that the effect of various form of nitrogen nutrition on gas exchange and growth rates could change during the growing season.
Investigations on the dormancy of Fraxinus excelsior L. buds. I. Sequence of growth period, correlated inhibition and rest of shoot apex in the annual cycle
Authors: Witkowska-Żuk L. , Kozłowska W.
Published: May 2015

The relation between the period of growth and the subsequent period of correlated inhibition and rest of the terminal bud on the main shoot of the 6-year-old Fraxinus excelsior trees was investigated. From July 21 to August 31, 1971, at ten-day intervals groups of 12 trees, each similar as regards the mean date of bud setting on the main shoot, were defoliated. The data of bud opening after defoliation was considered as index of the depth of dormancy. Statistical analysis demonstrated a rather strong correlation between the number of days after bud setting and the date of their opening after defoliation. The calculated regression curve reached its limit 65.4 days after bud setting, this empirically determining the duration of the period of correlated inhibition of buds of the given tree population. Rest of the terminal buds occurred, therefore, in particular trees at various. times in dependence on the date of bud setting.
Physiological and biochemical effects of morphactin IT 3233 on callus and tumour tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro. I. Growth and nitrogen compounds content
Authors: Chirek Z.
Published: May 2015

A significant limitation of callus tissue growth was noted in Nicotiana tabacum L. cultured in vitro under the influence of morphactin IT 3233 applied in 10 - 40 mg/dm3 concentrations. Growth inhibition was associated with an increase in dry mass content and the contribution of protein N to the nitrogen, pool. Tumour tissue of tobacco under the same conditions reacted weaker to morphactin. Growth limitation reached 25 per cent as compared with the control, dry mass and nitrogen compounds content showed only slight variations. It is supposed that the different sensitivity of both types of tissues to morphactin is connected with their different hormonal metabolism.
Gas exchange and organic substance production of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings grown in soil cultures with ammonium or nitrate form of nitrogen
Authors: Zajączkowska J.
Published: May 2015

Scotts pine seedlings were grown in soil cultures with a known content of N and C as well as organic substances. Walter solutions of the following salts: NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NH4NO3, NH4HCO3 were used as a source of nitrogen in particular nutritional variants. Organic matter accumulation in particular organs as well as the chlorophyll a and b content were determined, photosynthetic and respiration rates were also measured. It was found that differences in gas exchange and organic matter accumulation of seedlings grown on ammonium or nitrate form of nitrogen are similar in plants from water cultures as well as in those from soil cultures.
Metabolism of excised embryos of Lupinus luteus L. VI. An electrophoretic analysis of some dehydrogenases in cultured embryos as compared with the normal seedling axes
Authors: Czosnowski J.
Published: May 2015

The electrophoretic patterns (disc electrophoresis) of the studied dehydrogenases: glucose-6-phosphate - (A), malate - (B), glutamate - (C), alcohol - (D) and lactate dehydrogenase (E), in the axial organs of isolated Lupinus luteus embryos and seedlings cultivated over 12 days are characterized by great similarities. With time, after the third day of cultivation the patterns begin to become less deyeloped. Analyses performed during the first 10 hours of imbibition of seed parts indicate that the maximal development of isozyme patterns occurs during the third hour after which the patterns become poorer. The most uniform type of pattern. and the lowest number of isozymes was shown by glutamate dehydrogenase, the richest pattern was shown by malate dehydrogenase. No band common for a 11 the 27 experimental elements was found.
Effect of kinetin and chloramphenicol on chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development in detached lupin cotyledons under low light intensity
Authors: Młodzianowski Fortunat , Gezela Ewa
Published: May 2015

Chlorophyll synthesis in detached lupin cotyledons under low light intensity was stimulated by kinetin at 20 mg/l and inhibited by chloramphenicol at 50 mg/1. Kinetin not only conteracted the inhibitory effect of chloramphenicol, but stimulated1 the chlorophyll syntesis to a greater level than in the control material. Kinetin accelerated the starch degradation and the development of chloroplast; its prolonged, action, however, produced some abnormalities, such as an excessive growth of plastids resulting in some cases in bursting of their envelopes, the formation and release f r om plastids of numerous membrane - bound bodies and the accumulation in released and swollen thylakoids of electron - dense substance. In the presence of chloramphenicol, some disturbances in structure of the stroma thylakoids and the appearance of vesicular structures in the stroma and the enlargement of grana and swelling of their thylakoids were observed. Kinetin prevented some of these abnormalities.