bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Technologies and Indigenous Innovation Performance: Evidence from Selected African Countries
Authors: Asunka Benjamin Azembila , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Mingxing , Anaba Oswin Aganda , Amowine Nelson
Published: September 2020

This study analyzes the impact of imports and foreign direct investment inflows (FDI) on indigenous innovation in some selected African countries. Panel data of five African countries for the period between 1994 and 2018 is analyzed using trademark applications by residents as proxy for indigenous innovation. A vector error correction model is employed to analyze the short-run causality between variables, and fully modified ordinary least squares to analyze the long-run dynamics among variables. The results show that, on the whole, imported inputs have significant and positive effect on indigenous innovation output, while FDI has negative effects. Policy formulation in the region should encourage imports aimed at creating novel products.
Analysis of schemes of skidding of timber to ensure the resumption of pines on scorched forest
Authors: Ширнин Ю.А. , Ширнин А.Ю.
Published: September 2020

Подобраны конкурирующие системы машин для обеспечения условий естественного возобновления сосны в пораженных низовым пожаром древостоях. Разработаны рациональные схемы заготовки древесины на обширных территориях. Проведена оценка каждой системы машин. Описаны операции технологических процессов заготовки древесины системами машин, отвечающие требованиям естественного возобновления сосны. Произведено сравнение техно-логических схем и систем машин при проведении рубок в пораженных пожаром древостоях. Разработан математический аппарат, позволяющий оценить экологичность предложенных вариантов планировки площадей, ограниченных квартальными просеками или дорогами. Произведен расчет коэффициента экологичности, который показал процентное соотношение площади волоков к общей площади квартала. Для минимизации площади разрабатываемых территории от воздействия техники предложена технология комбинированной трелевки, которая без прокладки пасечных волоков обеспечит заготовку древесины и сохранение значительной площади для естественного возобновления сосны. В отличие от машинной заготовки деревьев валка и обрезка сучьев на лесосеке бензопилами обеспечивает равномерное распределение обрезанных крон и, следовательно, их жизнеспособных семян по обрабатываемой территории. Для вывозки, заготовленной на пораженной пожаром территории, древесины целесообразно использовать существующие дороги и просеки.

Matched competing machines system to ensure conditions of natural regeneration of pine trees in the affected ground firevostoyah nucleus. Elaborated rational scheme on timbertion of vast territories. The evaluation of each of the machine system. Described radio-operator processes timber machine systems that meet the requirements of natural regeneration of pine. Make-but the comparison of technological schemes and systems of machines during harvesting in the affected fire stands. A mathematical tool for assessing the sustainability of the proposed areas of planning options, restricted quarterly cuttings or roads. Random den environmental factor calculation, which showed the percentage ratio of the co-trails to the total area of the quarter. To minimize the area of the developed area of the impact of technology the technology of the combined logging, which without laying skid trails provide logging and preservation of large ASW-show mercy for natural regeneration of pine. Unlike machine-cooking for felling and limbing saws in the cutting area secu Chivauniform distribution of the circumcision crowns and, consequently, their viable seeds on the treated area. For removal, Zago-tovlennoy on the affected fire areas, wood is advisable to use existing roads and clearings.
Vibrodiagnostic operator Feller buncher in the process of clearing the base of the tree from the snow swing
Authors: Александров В.А. , Александров А.В.
Published: September 2020

Разработана модель биодинамической системы: «Оператор - валочно - пакетирующая машина - предмет труда - дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го ряда. Система уравнений решена относительно деформации позвоночного столба оператора методом Рунге-Кутта, с помощью среды программирования MathCAD. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийно выпускаемых валочно-пакетирующих машин ЛП-19А в режиме расчистки снега у основания дерева поворотом платформы в горизонтальной плоскости. Установлено: вибронагруженность операторов валочно-пакетирующих машин в пусковых режимах при расчистке снега у основания деревьев поворотом платформы в горизонтальной плоскости превышает санитарные нормы в 1,1-4,3 раза; на уровень виброускорений на сидении оператора определяющее влияние оказывает интенсивность пускового режима и объем пакетируемого дерева (деревьев); для снижения вибронагруженности операторов целесообразно ограничивать ускорения в режиме разгона при перемещении деревьев поворотом платформы в горизонтальной плоскости до 0,2-0,25 рад/с2.

In article the model of biodynamic system is developed «the operator - feller - the packaging car - an object of the labor - a tree». The mathematical description is worked out in the form of the equation of Lagranzha second number. The system of the equations is solved concerning elastic deformation suspension seats of the operator by a method of Runge-Kutta, by means of Wednesday of programming MathCAD. Model approbation is carried out on an example of serially let out feller-packaging cars LP-19А in a mode of transferring of a packaged tree by platform turn in a horizontal plane. As a result of researches it is established: vibroloading operators of feller-packaging cars in starting modes at transferring of trees by platform turn to a horizontal plane exceeds the sanitary code in 1,1-4,3 times; on level vibration acceleration on sitting of the operator defining influence renders intensity of a starting mode and volume of a packaged tree; for decrease vibroloading operators it is expedient to limit accelerations in a dispersal mode at moving of a tree by platform turn to a horizontal plane to 0,2-0,25 it is glad/s2.
Monomeric phenolic compounds in the Siberian larch needles
Authors: Транчук Н.В. , Рощин В.И.
Published: September 2020

Представлены результаты исследования состава группы фенолокислот хвои
Larix sibirica, извлеченной диэтиловым эфиром из изопропанольного экстракта.
Приведены данные по хроматографическому разделению исследуемой группы
веществ на такие классы соединений, как бензойные, коричные и кумаровые ки-
слоты, фенолоальдегиды, фенолокетоны, флавонолы. Показано, что в наиболь-
шем количестве содержатся флавонолы, их выход составил 6,78% от группы
фенолокислот, выход ароматических кислот немного меньше – 6,21%, аромати-
ческие кетоны и альдегиды содержатся в примерно равных количествах – 0,4 и
0,34% соответственно. Гидроксибензойная и ванилиновая кислоты являются до-
минирующими в своем классе, их содержание достигает 3,67 и 1,49% соответст-
венно от массы фенолокислот. Среди фенолоальдегидов идентифицированы п-
гидроксибензальдегид и ванилин. Идентифицированы и выделены три флавоно-
ла: кемпферол, изорамнетин, мирицитин. Кемпферол содержится в наибольшем
количестве – 3,92%, содержание изорамнетина и мирицитина составляет 2,08 и
0,78% соответственно. Впервые сообщается об обнаружении в хвое Larix sibirica
п-гидроксибензойной, дигидрокоричной, цис- и транс-коричных кислот, 4-(4-
гидроксифенил)-2-бутанона (реозмин), 4-(4-гидрокси-3-метоксифенил)-2-
бутанона (зингерон). Установлено, что наряду с ароматическими соединениями,
группа фенолокислот содержит смоляные и высшие жирные кислоты, доля ко-
торых не превышает 1 и 6% соответственно. Отмечено высокое содержание ян-
тарной и яблочной кислот, являющихся незаменимыми для живого организма,
так как принимают участие в цикле Кребса.

The results of investigation of phenolic acids group composition in Larix sibirica
needles are presented in this research. The group was derived from isopropyl extract
by diethyl ether. Phenolic acids group was divided into fraction using the method of
column chromatography. It is shown that the researched group of substances consists
of flavonols for 6.78%, aromatic acids for 6.21%, phenolic ketones and phenolic aldehydes
for 0.40 and 0.34% respectively. 4-Hydroxybenzoic and vanilic acids dominate
in its class, their content reaches 3.67 and 1.49% of phenolic acids group mass.
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin are detected. Three flavonols are obtained and
identified: kaempferol, isorhamnetin, myricitin. Kaempferol is the main flavonol, its
content is 3.9%. Contents of isorhamnetin and myricitin are 2.08 and 0.78% respectively.
It is the first time it is reported about detection in needles of Larix sibirica
4-hydroxybenzoic, dihydrocinnamic, cis- and trans-cinnamic acids, 4-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-
2 butanone (rheosmin), 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2 butanone (zingerone). It is
determined that phenolic acids group contains resin and highest fatty acids, which
share doesn't exceed 1 and 6% respectively. It is significant that high content of succinic
and malic acids present, because such acids are irreplaceable for a live organism
since they take part in Krebs's cycle.
Vibroloading of the operator feller buncher mode lift the tree by an arrow
Authors: Александров В.А. , Александров А.В.
Published: September 2020

Рассмотрена вибронагруженность оператора валочно-пакетирующей машины в режиме выведения дерева из древостоя стрелой. Исследование проведено на математической модели биодинамической системы «оператор - валочно-пакетирующая машина - дерево». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Модель оператора представлена в виде двухмассовой. В процессе исследований варьировалось ускорение разгона стрелы в диапазоне 0,2…0,8 рад/с2. Расчеты выполнены с исходными данными применительно к валочно-пакетирующей машине ЛП-19А. Предложенная математическая модель позволяет определять вибрационное воздействие на организм оператора ВПМ на стадии разработки конструкторской документации.

The article discusses vibroloading of the operator feller buncher mode lift the tree by an arrow. The study was conducted on a mathematical model of biodynamic system «operator - Feller Buncher - tree». Mathematical description is made in the form of Lagranzhe equations of the second kind. Model of the operator is presented in the form of two-mass. During the study varied: acceleration arrows in the range of 0,2…0,8 rad/s2. Calculations are made to the source data in relation to the feller bunchers LP-19А.Proposed a mathematical model to determine the vibration effects on the body of the operator of the FB in the development stage of the design documentation.
A vibroloading’s operator of felling – skidding machine in regine of acceleration under technological transfers without load
Authors: Александров В.А. , Хоа Ки.
Published: September 2020

Разработана динамическая модель системы «машинист–трелевочный трактор–пачка деревьев». Математическое описание составлено в форме уравнения Лагранжа 2-го рода. Система дифференциальных уравнений решена относительно упругой деформации подвеса сиденья. Апробация модели осуществлена на примере серийной валочно-трелевочной машины ЛП-17А.

In article the dynamic model of system is developed «the operator–skidding tractor–tree bunch». The mathematical description is worked out in the form of the equation of Lagranzha second number. The system of the equations is solved concerning elastic deformation of the suspension seats. Model approbation is carried out on an example of serially felling and skidding machine PL-17A.
Electronic payment system use: a mediator and a predictor of financial satisfaction
Authors: Ajaz Khan Khurram , Anam Akhtar Mohammed
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the direct and indirect effects of financial capability, financial advice, financial anxiety, and the use of an electronic payment system (EPS) on financial satisfaction. In the current era of digitalization and financial innovations, it seems quite unlikely that an individual remains unaffected by its use. The research was conducted in northern India on individual level using a partial least square structural equation modeling statistical technique to analyze responses collected from a close-ended questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale. The results show that financial capability, financial advice, financial anxiety, and EPS usage have a direct positive effect on an individual’s financial satisfaction. EPS usage plays a significant mediating role, as all the financial constructs depict a positive effect on financial satisfaction via EPS use. These findings contribute to the literature by offering an understanding of the determinants of financial satisfaction in the context of a low-income developing country, as well as the vital role of using EPS in an individual’s financial satisfaction in today’s digitally driven era. The results of this study could be a useful factor for policymakers and digital service providers for implementation and control. Acknowledgement “This paper was supported by Internal Grant Agency of FaME TBU No. IGA/FaME/2019/002”
Effects of health disorders, genetic modifications and new technologies on the welfare of dairy cattle
Authors: KOŁACZ ROMAN , JAŚKOWSKI JĘDRZEJ M. , CIORGA MARCIN
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this review was to present the effect of selection of cows for increased milk and meat yields on the animal welfare status in advanced cattle production systems during the last two decades. Numerous health problems are due to housing systems characterized by the lack of pastures and runs, litterless floors, animal congestion limiting cows’ movement, feeding on roughage, social conflicts and bad management. The most frequent causes of culling are lameness, mastitis and reproductive disorders in dairy and beef cattle, which reduce cows’ longevity and result in economic losses in animal husbandry. In addition, lameness and mastitis cause severe pain, exposing cows to suffering and thus reducing their welfare, which is currently unacceptable to consumers. Animal welfare in cattle production should be ensured not only for legal and ethical reasons, but also because it is essential for the good health of the animals, making it possible to limit the use of antibiotics, which are a threat to food safety and public health.
CONFORTO AMBIENTAL COMO ATRIBUTO PARA A RESILIÊNCIA EM HABITAÇÕES DE INTERESSE SOCIAL BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Carrer Ruman de Bortoli Karen , Barbosa Villa Simone
Published: September 2020

Habitações de interesse social (HIS) produzidas pelo Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV) no Brasil têm apresentado reduzida resiliência. No escopo deste trabalho, a resiliência no ambiente construído é interpretada como a capacidade deste em resistir, adaptar-se e transformar-se para lidar com impactos e/ou mudanças impostos ao longo do tempo. Este trabalho deriva de pesquisa de mestrado que analisou a resiliência no ambiente construído de HIS, dando enfoque em dois de seus atributos propostos: conforto ambiental e adequação ambiental. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos procedimentos metodológicos de Avaliação Pós-Ocupação (APO) para observação desses atributos no estudo de caso nomeado Residencial Sucesso Brasil (Uberlândia, MG, Brasil).

O artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos que caracterizaram baixo conforto ambiental no estudo de caso elencado. Considera-se que o conforto ambiental é uma qualidade que HIS devem perseguir visando a redução dos impactos derivados de sua operação, incidentes sobre a saúde dos moradores e relacionados ao consumo energético das envoltórias, visando, afinal, à promoção da saúde dos moradores e à otimização dos recursos nelas investidos.

Como principal contribuição do trabalho, destaca-se a identificação de soluções projetuais que devem ser encorajadas nesses projetos de HIS a fim de amplificar seu conforto ambiental e, por conseguinte, sua resiliência. Com isso, a pesquisa desenvolvida alinha-se aos objetivos de agendas urbanas de relevância internacional, que colocam a resiliência como motor no combate à vulnerabilidade das grandes cidades.
Editorial V.5 N.3 Setembro de 2020
Authors: Veloso Maísa , Azambuja Elali Gleice
Published: September 2020

Apresenta o Expediente e o Editorial dessa edição.
Fila única de leitos
Authors: Cotrim Junior Dorival Fagundes , Cabral Lucas Manoel da Silva , Machado Felipe Rangel de Souza
Published: September 2020

O artigo objetiva discutir a necessidade de implantação da fila única de leitos no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. O texto demonstra a urgência e a necessidade da regulação de todos os leitos, subordinando-os ao Estado, apresentando ainda as dificuldades de operacionalização, os enfrentamentos com interesses setoriais em face do interesse público, as desigualdades estaduais na oferta e apresenta dados extraídos do Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde do Brasil (CNES). É possível evidenciar que somente com a criação de uma fila única o país alcançará a marca de 2,87 leitos por 10 mil habitantes (superior à média exigida pelos epicentros mundiais, qual seja, 2,4 leitos de UTI por 10 mil habitantes). Por fim conclui-se que todas estas questões precisam ser sopesadas rapidamente, e que, em virtude da urgência, da previsão legal e do direito à vida, o melhor caminho para a regulação seja via requisição compulsória.
A Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Determination of Linagliptin, an Antidiabetic Drug in Pure Form, Tablets and Some Biological Fluids by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Gahlan Ahmed A. , Haredy Ahmed M. , Derayea Sayed M. , Omar Mahmoud A. , Saleh Gamal A.
Published: September 2020

Aim:

The present work provides a fast, simple, accurate, and inexpensive analytical method for the determination of Linagliptin (anti-diabetic drug).

Methods:

The analysis was performed using a square wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetric technique (SWAASV) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as a working electrode. The experimental and instrumental parameters were studied and discussed to ensure the validity of the method.

Results:

The method has a very good linearity (R2= 0.9984), wide concentration range (0.189 - 2.268 μg mL-1), low detection limit of 0.052 μg mL-1and low quantitation limit of 0.172 μg mL-1.

Conclusion:

Linagliptin was identified successfully using the proposed method in pharmaceutical formulations, spiked human urine and plasma with 99.67, 91.96, and 92.78% recovery, respectively, and the results obtained were compared with other reported methods.
Role of Molecular Hydrogen in Skin Diseases and its Impact in Beauty
Authors: Bajgai Johny , Lee Kyu-Jae , Rahman Md. Habibur , Fadriquela Ailyn , Kim Cheol-Su
Published: September 2020

In today’s society, healthy skin and a beautiful appearance are considered the foundation of general well-being. The skin is the largest organ of the body and plays an important role in protecting it against various hazards such as environmental, physical, chemical, and biological hazards. These factors include mediators that lead to oxidation reactions that produce reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and additional oxidants in the skin cells. An increase in oxidants beyond the antioxidant capacity of its defense system causes oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the body. This response can cause further disruption of collagen fibers and hinder the functioning of skin cells that may result in the development of various skin diseases including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and aging. In this review, we summarized the present information related to the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of dermatological disorders, and its impact on physical beauty and the daily lives of patients. We also discussed how molecular hydrogen exhibits a therapeutic effect against skin diseases via its effects on oxidative stress. Furthermore, findings from this summary review indicate that molecular hydrogen might be an effective treatment modality for the prevention and treatment of skin-related illnesses.
Production of Copper Radionuclides in Compact Medical Cyclotrons using Solid Targets
Authors: Avila-Rodriguez Miguel A. , Valdovinos Hector F.
Published: September 2020

Over the last several years there has been a growing interest in the use of radiopharmaceuticals
labeled with metallic radionuclides, especially isotopes of copper (Cu). Cu has a unique
set of radionuclides with a potential application not only for diagnostic imaging but also for applications
in targeted radionuclide therapy. To review the methods and routes used for the production of
Cu radionuclides in compact medical cyclotrons (Ep<20 MeV) using solid targets. The cyclotron
production of Cu radionuclides using solid targets has proven to be very efficient. The large number
of compact medical cyclotrons distributed worldwide, and the high target yields in the production
of Cu radionuclides achieved at these energies, form a potential network of distribution to satisfy
the growing demand for these radionuclides, especially 64Cu.
About Some Aspects of Teaching Foreign Students in the Discipline "History of Medicine"
Authors: Stytsiuk Nataliia
Published: September 2020

The objective of the research was to study the opinion of the first-year students of the Faculty of Foreign Citizens Training of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University on some aspects of teaching the discipline "History of Medicine" to determine its areas for improvement.

Materials and methods. According to the author's program, a survey of 239 first-year students of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University was conducted. They came from 10 countries, studiyng the specialty "Medicine". The results of research were mainly categorical (qualitative) data. Therefore, calculation of each factor rates per 100 respondents, standard errors of rates, and Chi-Square Test (χ2) for comparing group differences have been used for statistical data analysis. The methods that have been mainly used are sociological, medical and statistical.

Results. The research found that the absolutely majority of students are from India (81.2%) and about 59.0% of respondents profess Hinduism (59.0%), but the shares of Muslims (21.3%) and Christians (17.6%) are also significant.There are 65.7% males vs. 34.3% of females among the respondents, which is obviously due to religious, cultural and national stereotypes of different countries (p < 0.001). The results of secondary education, with which foreign students entered university, were quite high. Almost 86.7% of surveyed first-year-students noted the high level of lectures on the subject "History of Medicine", pointing to their informativeness, accessibility, interesting and illustrative manner of presenting the material.

Conclusion. It was found that among foreign first-year students studying at the IFNMU, predominated males (65.7%), aged from 19 to 21 years of (62.3%), with a high basic level of secondary education (66.9%). It was also shown that 91.7% of respondents are satisfied with the level of teaching "History of Medicine" and manner of presentation lecture material (86.7%).
Correction: Nurse-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adherence and Depression Among People Living With HIV (the Ziphamandla Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Joska John A , Andersen Lena S , Smith-Alvarez Rosana , Magidson Jessica , Lee Jasper S , O'Cleirigh Conall , Safren Steven A
Published: September 2020

There is an unmet need to develop effective, feasible, and scalable interventions for poor adherence and depression in persons living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a nurse-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) among persons living with HIV who are failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cape Town, South Africa. This study is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial of CBT-AD integrated into the HIV primary care setting in South Africa. A total of 160 participants who did not achieve viral suppression from their first-line ART and have a unipolar depressive mood disorder will be randomized to receive either 8 sessions of CBT-AD or enhanced treatment as usual. Participants will be assessed for major depressive disorder using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 months. The primary outcomes are depression on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D; as assessed by a blinded assessor) at the 4-month assessment and changes in ART adherence (assessed via real-time, electronic monitoring with Wisepill) between baseline and the 4-month assessment. Secondary outcomes are HIV viral load and CD4 cell count at the 12-month assessment as well as ART adherence (Wisepill) and depression (HAM-D) over follow-up (4-, 8-, and 12-month assessments). The trial commenced in August 2015 and recruitment began in July 2016. Enrollment was completed in June 2019. Results of this study will inform whether an existing intervention (CBT-AD) can be effectively administered in LMIC by nurses with training and ongoing supervision. This will present unique opportunities to further explore the scale-up of a behavioral intervention to enhance ART adherence among persons living with HIV with major depression in a high-prevalence setting, to move toward achieving The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 goals. ClincialTrials.gov NCT02696824; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02696824
Ekonomi Politik Akses atas Lahan: Kontestasi atas “Negara” dalam Mega Proyek Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE)
Authors: Nurshafira Tadzkia
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini menganalisis prakondisi struktural dan diskursif yang menghambat dan/atau memungkinkan berbagai aktor mengakses—mendapatkan, mengontrol, dan mempertahankan —aliran keuntungan dari proyek MIFEE. Dengan menggunakan perspektif akses Ribot dan Peluso (2003) dan selektivitas strategis negara Jessop (1999), tulisan ini berargumen bahwa upaya untuk mendapatkan aliran keuntungan MIFEE di saat yang sama juga merupakan upaya untuk memperebutkan “negara”; atau untuk melakukan balance of power (keseimbangan kekuatan) yang kemudian terkondensasi menjadi sebuah selektivitas struktur dan memengaruhi strategi para aktor. Artikel ini mengadopsi perspektif yang spesifik terkait negara, bukan sebagai aktor otonom melainkan sebagai sebuah ruang kontestasi politik yang merupakan produk dari pertentangan dan relasi kuasa antara berbagai kelompok sosial di masyarakat. Dengan melihat negara sebagai struktur, tulisan ini menekankan dimensi agensi politik para aktor, terutama masyarakat lokal yang berupaya mentransformasi struktur tersebut agar memungkinkan mereka untuk mendapatkan akses yang berkelanjutan atas lahan dalam MIFEE. Analisis terkait akses ini mengkritik kajian yang bersifat esensialistik terkait negara kapitalis (capitalist state), dimana negara diasumsikan sebagai entitas homogen, statis, dan hanya alat perpanjangan tangan kapital untuk akumulasi profit. Padahal, negara adalah produk dari relasi antara struktur dan agensi: ia memiliki struktur dan logikanya sendiri yang selalu berubah seiring dengan kontestasi antara berbagai kekuatan sosial yang berupaya memperebutkan dan mendefinisikan negara.
An Empirical Investigation of the Fairness of Multiple-Choice Items Relative to Constructed-Response Items on Tests of Students’ Mastery of Course Content
Authors: Wise Michael Joseph
Published: September 2020

Although many instructors prefer multiple-choice (MC) items due to their convenience and objectivity, many others eschew their use due to concerns that they are less fair than constructed response (CR) items at evaluating student mastery of course content. To address three common unfairness concerns, I analyzed performance on MC and CR items from tests within nine sections of five different biology courses I taught over a five-year period. In all nine sections, students’ scores on MC items were highly correlated with their scores on CR items (overall r = 0.90), suggesting that MC and CR items quantified mastery of content in an essentially equivalent manner—at least to the extent that students’ relative rankings depended very little on the type of test item. In addition, there was no evidence that any students were unfairly disadvantaged on MC items (relative to their performance on CR items) due to poor guessing abilities. Finally, there was no evidence that females were unfairly assessed by MC items, as they scored 4% higher on average than males on both MC and CR items. Overall, there was no evidence that MC items were any less fair than CR items testing within the same content domain.
O PRONAF PÓS-2014: INTENSIFICANDO A SUA SELETIVIDADE?
Authors: Wesz Junior Valdemar João
Published: September 2020

O Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf), após anos consecutivos de crescimento nos recursos aplicados, teve uma redução de 24% no seu valor entre 2014 e 2018. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar os resultados do Pronaf ao longo dos anos, com maior destaque ao período recente (2014 – 2018), percebendo se algumas atividades, regiões e produtores foram mais ou menos afetados com a queda no volume de recursos. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados do Banco Central do Brasil (BCB), em especial a Matriz de Dados do Crédito Rural, e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), com destaque aos Censos Agropecuários de 2006 e 2017. Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que, entre 2014 e 2018, o “enxugamento” dos recursos do Pronaf não foi generalizado, afetando principalmente as atividades diferenciadas, os produtores menos capitalizados e as regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Norte. Além disso, a cobertura do Pronaf também teve um importante decréscimo, alcançando apenas 8% dos estabelecimentos agropecuários familiares brasileiros em 2017. Nesse sentido, se intensificou a seletividade do Pronaf e a concentração ficou ainda mais forte (em termos de regiões, produtos e produtores), justamente em um contexto socioeconômico de maior vulnerabilidade e de enfraquecimento de outras políticas públicas para agricultura familiar.
Energy Audit of Agricultural Enterprises: New Approaches and Assessment Criteria (Following the Russian-Finnish Project Interim Outcomes)
Authors: Soininen H. , Ranta-Korhonen T. , Timofeev E. V. , Erk A. V.
Published: September 2020

Currently implemented project “Russian-Finnish Bioeconomy Competence Сentre – BioCom” within South-East Finland – Russia Cross-Border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020 aims to integrate the BioEconomy principles and approaches into the agricultural sector of the neighbouring border areas of Russia and Finland. The energy efficiency of farming and sustainable use of energy resources is one of the fundamentals of the bio-economy concept. The energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities to reduce the energy inputs on the farms.

(Research purpose) To discover the new approaches to the energy auditing of agricultural enterprises and new assessment indicators following the project experience.

(Materials and methods) Four farms were selected for the energy inspection – two farms located in the Leningrad Region, Russia, and two farms located in the South Savo Region, Finland. In Russia the standard energy auditing, measurement, and calculation procedure was applied. The systems of electrical power supply, heat supply, water supply, sewage, and building envelopes on the farms were examined and estimated.

(Results and discussion) Following the outcomes of the energy audits in the project framework and the previous relevant experience, the basic energy-saving and efficiency improvement measures were established. Three new approaches to the energy auditing of agricultural enterprises were suggested – energy and environmental assessment of applied technologies and equipment; consideration of the application of renewable energy-generating sources; consideration of the conversion of vehicles to biogas.

(Conclusions) The study outcomes proved the energy audits to play an important role in improving the energy efficiency of agricultural production provided they are mandatory, take into account the energy environmental assessment criteria, consider the application of renewable energy-generating sources and the conversion of vehicles to biogas.
Shortcuts to Adiabaticity in Driven Open Quantum Systems: Balanced Gain and Loss and Non-Markovian Evolution
Authors: Alipour Sahar , Chenu Aurelia , Rezakhani Ali T. , del Campo Adolfo
Published: September 2020

A universal scheme is introduced to speed up the dynamics of a driven open quantum system along a prescribed trajectory of interest. This framework generalizes counterdiabatic driving to open quantum processes. Shortcuts to adiabaticity designed in this fashion can be implemented in two alternative physical scenarios: one characterized by the presence of balanced gain and loss, the other involves non-Markovian dynamics with time-dependent Lindblad operators. As an illustration, we engineer superadiabatic cooling, heating, and isothermal strokes for a two-level system, and provide a protocol for the fast thermalization of a quantum oscillator.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATISTICAL LITERACY AND MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF STUDENTS THROUGH COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL
Authors: Takaria Johannis , Wahyudin Wahyudin , Sabandar Jozua , Dahlan Jarnawi Afgani
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between statistical literacy and mathematical representation of students as pre-service elementary school teachers through the Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) model. The relationship between statistical literacy and mathematical representation was analyzed by using a product-moment correlation with a sample of 35 students of Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program at one of the state universities in Ambon City. The results showed that there was a positive and strong relationship between statistical literacy and mathematical representation with a correlation value of 0.66. This relationship means that if students have good mathematical representation abilities, statistical literacy abilities are also getting better. Exploration of statistical literacy and mathematical representation abilities can be facilitated by using The CPS learning model. The CPS learning model can facilitate student learning as a structure in mathematical thinking so that statistical literacy and mathematical representation abilities of students can be explored through the transformation of ideas among students. The CPS learning model aspects were implemented in high and very high categories while the indicators were at rating-2 and rating-3.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MISCONCEPTION AND MATHEMATICAL ABSTRACTION OF GEOMETRY AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Kadarisma Gida , Fitriani Nelly , Amelia Risma
Published: September 2020

This study aims to examine the misconceptions that often occur in junior high school students on the concept of geometry based on abstraction level. The research method is qualitative with a case study design. Subjects in this study are 27 students of the 3rd grade of junior high school students, who had to learn all the concepts that will be appeared on the test. Material that will be given on the test of this research is the concept of Triangle, Quadrilateral, Flat Side Geometry and Curved Side Geometry. This research takes a place at one of the junior high schools in Cimahi. The instrument in this study is a diagnostic test (to find out the types of students’ misconception), mathematical abstraction tests (to determine the level of abstraction) and interview rubrics. Misconceptions produced by students are closely related to students’ mathematical abstractions, the higher the level of abstraction ability, the more students away from misconceptions. The topic taken in this study is the topic of basic geometry, the results can be a source of information about the types of misconception that often occur in students, and how the solution so that these misconception do not re-occur.
THE ROLE OF SCAFFOLDING IN THE DECONSTRUCTING OF THINKING STRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY OF PSEUDO-THINKING PROCESS
Authors: Kusmaryono Imam , Ubaidah Nila , Basir Mochamad Abdul
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to (1) analyze the role of scaffolding in deconstructing pseudo-thinking structure, and (2) analyze the development of students' thinking structures after receiving scaffolding. The study was framed with a qualitative methodology by involving case study design. This research was conducted at State Junior High School 31 in Semarang City, Indonesia. Data was collected through tests, observation, and interview methods.  Result of the study indicated that (1) scaffolding has changed the pseudo thinking process into a real thought process, and (2) scaffolding could develop students’ thinking structure into a more complex (abstract) level. Their thinking structure was initially on the stage of comparative thinking structure before receiving scaffolding assistance and after receiving scaffolding, to developed into the stage of logical reasoning thinking structure. In other words, scaffolding could become a useful strategy to help students go through different    Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
Non-territorial autonomy and gender equality: The case of the autonomous administration of north and east Syria - Rojava
Authors: Burç Rosa
Published: September 2020

The Kurdish-led autonomous entity called Autonomous Administration of North
and East Syria (NES) - also known as Rojava - considers women?s liberation
an imperative condition for shaping a democratic society. The practice of
autonomy in NES shares strong resemblances with Non- Territorial Autonomy
(NTA) models; however, it introduces a novelty in the role of women as
active agents in building a plurinational democracy. This paper examines (1)
the intellectual and political origins of the political role ascribed to
women in autonomous administrations and (2) how the practice of autonomy in
Rojava has advanced women?s rights by shedding light on both institutional
implementation of women?s rights, as well as the creation of
(non)-territorial spaces of women?s emancipation within the autonomous
model. The argument made is that the conceptual framework of the Rojava
model goes beyond the Kurdish question and can be considered an attempt to
resolve a democratic deficit of liberal democratic nation-states through
bringing together solutions that address the intertwined subordination of
minorities and women.
Factors Influencing Employee Performance at the Office of the Archdiocese of Merauke Regency
Authors: Santi Susana
Published: September 2020

This study aims to partially and simultaneously analyze the influence of education, training, and work experience factors on employee performance at the Merauke Archdiocese. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, followed by a test of determination and significance. Data collection techniques used interviews, questionnaires, and literature studies. The population of this study was all 57 employees of the Merauke Archdiocese. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The results of this study indicate that education partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a t value greater than the t table value, namely 2.855> 2.399 with a significant level of 0.04 <0.05. Training partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a t value greater than t table, namely 3.027> 2.397 with a significant level of 0.01 <0.05. Work experience partially affects employee performance with t value greater than t table, namely 3,630> 2,397 with a significant level of 0,000 <0.05. Simultaneously education, training, and work experience have a positive and significant effect on employee performance with an F value greater than the F table, namely 33.443> 3.17 with a significance level of 0.000 <0.05. Thus it can be seen that the most dominant variable that has a significant effect on employee performance is the work experience variable.
IDENTIFIKASI SEKTOR UNGGULAN DI KOTA SALATIGA PERIODE 2010-2016
Authors: Edon Timothy Jason
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi ekonomi di Salatiga guna mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi Salatiga, mengidentifikasi dan menentukan sektor unggulan di Kota Salatiga untuk meningkatkan potensi ekonomi daerah. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian meliputi analisis Location Quotient (LQ), analisis Shift-Share, dan Indeks Spesialisasi. Hasil dari perhitungan analisis LQ menunjukkan sektor  penyediaan akomodasi dan makan minum dan jasa perusahaan menempatin urutan teratas diantara 12 sektor unggulan yang didapat. Hasil analisis Indeks Spesialisasi didapatkan nilai IS mendekati nol tiap tahunnya. Yang berarti peranan tiap sektor di Kota Salatiga cenderung merata. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Shift Share didapatkan sektor indutri pengolahan dan disusul sektor kontruksi di posisi kedua. Hal ini menandakan bahwa sektor industri pengolahan mampu memberikan konstribusi terbesar bagi PDRB Kota Salatiga. Sehingga dapat dikatakan tidak terjadi pergeseran struktur ekonomi di Kota Salatiga.Kata kunci  :   Sektor unggulan, LQ, Shift Share, Indeks Spesialisasi, Salatiga
FORMULASI BISKUIT BERBASIS TEPUNG JAGUNG SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF CAMILAN BERGIZI
Authors: Irferamuna Ade , Yulastri Asmar , . Yuliana
Published: September 2020

Konsumsi camilan sehat dapat menyediakan energi ekstra untuk beraktivitas dan membantu mencukupi kebutuhan energi sampai tiba waktu makan utama. Bahan dasar dari biskuit biasanya adalah tepung terigu. Mengurangi tingkat konsumsi tepung terigu, dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengganti sebagian tepung terigu (substitusi) dengan bahan pangan lokal yaitu  tepung jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formula biskuit siap-santap yang mengandung protein tinggi dan rendah lemak. Dikembangkan empat jenis formula biskuit dengan substitusi tepung jagung yaitu sebanyak 0%, 50%, 60% dan 70%. Lalu biskuit diuji hingga valid dengan berdasarkan uji organoleptik oleh panelis ahli.  Pengembangan formula yang valid menurut validator adalah formula dengan substitusi tepung jagung 70%. Formula 70% diuji laboratorium memiliki kandungan kadar air 3,67%, protein 4,31%, dan lemak total 51,40%. Formula terbaik adalah B4 (70%). Formula ini cocok untuk dijadikan camilan alternatif bernutrisi.  Kata kunci  :   Tepung Jagung; Biskuit; Snack; Snack Bergizi
Discourse Analysis of PB Djarum vs KPAI Polemic Reported by 3 Mass Media (CNN Indonesia, Detik, and Kompas.com) During the Period of September – October 2019
Authors: Setiawan Adeline , Daisy adela Brigitta
Published: September 2020

This study analyzes and investigates several online news launched by 3 mass media (CNN Indonesia, Detik, and Tirto) related to PB Djarum vs KPAI Polemic in September 2019, using Van Dijk’s discourse analysis. It aims was to explore how different each article used its standpoints in reporting the issue, by looking at Text, Social Cognition, and Context dimensions. In text dimensions, it examines how the articles constructed through micro structure, super structure, and macro structure. Moreover, it is also trying to look beyond the written text, while analyzing in social cognition and context dimensions. This study concludes that the media, in this case the online news media, can be a powerful channel to influence readers through its construction of the polemic issue. As the tobacco industry still known as the main sponsor of badminton-coaching industry in Indonesia, most of the media were portraying positive image of PB Djarum.  Keywords: Discourse analysis, Mass Media, Text, Social Cognition, Context Dimension, Van Dijk’s,
Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana Tanah Longsor Di Desa Sukawana
Authors: Sumana I Nengah , Christiawan Putu Indra , Budiarta I Gede
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bencana tanah longsor di Desa Sukawana, mengkaji kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terhadap bencana tanah longsor di Desa Sukawana dan menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bencana tanah longsor dengan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terhadap bencana tanah longsor di Desa Sukawana. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan studi putaka. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan analisis statistic product moment, dilihat dari bidang ilmu yang digunakan untuk mengkaji yaitu geografi bencana yang dianalisis dengan pendekatan keruangan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini mencakup seluruh masyarakat yang sama-sama tinggal di daerah rawan longsor. Sampel area menggunakan teknik purposive sampling diambil empat dusun yaitu Dusun Kuta Dalem, Dusun Kubu Salya, Dusun Lateng, Dusun Sukawana. Sampel subjek diambil sejumlah 88 orang yang ditentukan dengan random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bencana tanah longsor di Desa Sukawana secara umum terkategori sedang yaitu sebanyak 51%. Kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terhadap bencana tanah longsor di Desa Sukawana secara umum terkategori kurang siap yaitu sebanyak 58%. Uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bencana tanah longsor dengan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terhadap bencana tanah longsor di Desa Sukawana dengan nilai rxy= 0,228 pada taraf signifikansi 5%.
Kualitas Penerapan Asesmen Autentik Berbasis HOTS Guru Geografi SMA
Authors: Budiastini Ni Putu Desi , Astawa Ida Bagus Made , Sriartha I Putu
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemahaman Guru Geografi SMA terakreditasi A di Kota Singaraja tentang asesmen autentik berbasis HOTS, menganalisis kandungan HOTS pada asesmen autentik yang dikembangkan guru Geografi SMA terakreditasi A di Kota Singaraja, dan mengkaji kendala yang dihadapi Guru Geografi SMA terakreditasi A di Kota Singaraja dalam mengembangkan asesmen autentik berbasis HOTS. Penelitian ini merupakan studi populasi yang dilaksanakan di SMA terakreditasi A di Kota Singaraja. Objek penelitian: pemahaman guru terhadap asesmen autentik berbasis HOTS, kandungan HOTS dalam asesmen autentik yang dikembangkan, dan Kendala yang dihadapi dalam mengembangkan asesmen berbasis HOTS. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemahaman guru terkategori cukup. Soal-soal yang dibuat oleh guru belum sepenuhnya mengandung HOTS dan masih terkategori cukup. Kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam penerapan asesmen autentik berbasis HOTS bervariasi antar sekolah, kendala utama yang dihadapi adalah waktu dan siswa.
PSIKOLOGI TRANSPERSONAL; Mengenal Konsep Kebahagiaan dalam Psikologi
Authors: Bakar MS Abu
Published: September 2020

Kehadiran psikologi transpersonal memberikan arti yang cukup penting dalam menjawab problem-problem kemanusiaan masa kini dan juga dalam upaya menafsirkan serta mengevaluasi gejala-gejala keagamaan secara psikologis. Psikologi transpersonal menempatkan agama dalam susunan pengalaman manusia yang bersifat pribadi, yang memiliki akar dalam kehidupan psikis. Oleh karena itu, gejala agama bukanlah sekadar luapan konflik dan ketegangan di saat masa kanak-kanak yang tidak terpecahkan, akan tetapi agama merupakan wujud transendensi diri dengan kekuatannya sendiri. Agama bagi seseorang, dalam pandangan psikologi transpersonal, merupakan urusan pribadinya dengan Tuhan. Di sisi lain, tasawuf Islam tetap mengakui adanya aspek metafisika yang menjadi bahan telaah psikologi transpersonal. Sehingga, kebahagiaan dalam psikologi ini, adalah aktualisasi dari penghambaan kepada Tuhan.