bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What, How and Where: An Assessment of Multi-Level European Climate Mitigation Policies
Authors: Bellanca Margherita
Published: February 2024

The European Green Deal's goal of making Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050 requires a nuanced mix of policies across different sectors and levels of governance. This paper analyses three decades of climate policy from a historical perspective to provide insights into the multi-level policy framework within the EU and its Member States. The paper uses the Climate Policy Dataset to assess European climate policies from 1990 to 2020. The assessment is guided by three key perspectives: policy density, sectoral focus and policy instruments. Two new indicators are proposed for policy evaluation: the emissions coverage indicator, which assesses sectoral application, and the Policy Mix Thickness Index (PMTI), which measures policy complexity. The paper aims to enhance our understanding of the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of EU climate policies. The analysis shows that the policy packages of the EU and its Member States have evolved in a complementary manner, both in terms of sectoral focus and instruments used.
Studying Disease Reinfection Rates, Vaccine Efficacy and the Timing of Vaccine Rollout in the context of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Amona Elizabeth B. , Sahoo Indranil , Boone Edward L. , Ghanam Ryad
Published: February 2024

The global landscape has undergone distinct waves of COVID-19 infections, compounded by the emergence of variants, thereby introducing additional complexities to the ongoing pandemic. This research uniquely explores the varied efficacy of existing vaccines and the pivotal role of vaccination timing in the context of COVID-19. Departing from conventional modeling, we introduce two models that account for the impact of vaccines on infections, reinfections, and deaths. We estimate model parameters under the Bayesian framework, specifically utilizing the Metropolis-Hastings Sampler. The study conducts data-driven scenario analyses for the State of Qatar, quantifying the potential duration during which the healthcare system could have been overwhelmed by an influx of new COVID-19 cases surpassing available hospital beds. Additionally, the research explores similarities in predictive probability distributions of cumulative infections, reinfections, and deaths, employing the Hellinger distance metric. Comparative analysis, utilizing the Bayes factor, underscores the plausibility of a model assuming a different susceptibility rate to reinfection, as opposed to assuming the same susceptibility rate for both infections and reinfections. Results highlight the adverse outcomes associated with delayed vaccination, emphasizing the efficacy of early vaccination in reducing infections, reinfections, and deaths. Our research advocates prioritizing early vaccination as a key strategy in effectively combating future pandemics. This study contributes vital insights for evidence-based public health interventions, providing clarity on vaccination strategies and reinforcing preparedness for challenges posed by infectious diseases.
Factors predicting the outcome of transurethral resection of prostate in uncontrolled diabetic patients with significant post voiding residual urine: A cohort study
Authors: Abdelaziz¹ Ahmed Yehia , Hammoud¹ Khaled Morsi , Abdelrasoul¹ Mohammed Abdu , Rammah¹ Ahmed , Ahmed Hany , Abdelwahab Mohammed
Published: February 2024

Background: Diabetics have significantly greater BPH severity of symptoms when compared with the healthy controls. This study aims to evaluate which diabetic patient with lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPH will benefit from trasurethral resection of prostate (TURP).
Patients & Methods: A cohort study of 40 male diabetic patients presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and diagnosed to have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by ultrasound in the period between May 2021 and November 2022. All of them had post voiding residual urine(PVR) more than 300 cc, international prostate symptom score (IPSS) more than 8, and prostate volume less than 80 gm. We also excluded patients with other neurological diseases, stroke or history of endoscopic or surgical treatment of BPH. All patients were preoperatively evaluated by carful history taking to detect IPSS, quality of life ( Qol), preoperative abdomen-pelvic ultrasound, residual urine (PVR), urine, flowmetry and urodynamic study in all patients. Mono-polar transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) with spinal anesthesia was done in all patients by the same team. We monitored postoperative improvement by follow up the patients after 2 weeks, one month, three months, and one year. Filling cystometry and pressure flow study was done three months postoperatively.
Results: The mean age was 66.1 ±7.4 years old. Twenty patients presented with refractory urine retention with the use of alpha blocker. The mean prostate volume by abdominal ultrasound was 69.3 ±8.9 with the mean residual urine 373.2 ±41.2. There was postoperative significant improvement in maximum flow (Q max), residual urine (PVRU), quality of life, IPSS and bladder contractility index (BCI).
Correlation of these parameters improvement and preoperative factors showed significant correlation between this improvement and preoperative BCI, age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, PVR, infected urine culture, preoperative IPSS and bladder capacity (P values ≤0.0001). No significant correlation with bladder capacity, prostate volume, sensations and detrusor over activities.
Conclusions: TURP is safe and effective in treatment of obstructive urinary symptoms in BPH uncontrolled diabetic patients with large PVRU. Patients age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, urinary infection, preoperative BCI and IPSS have a great effect on postoperative improvement.
Prediction of the failure behavior of pseudo-ductile composites using a multi-scale finite element model
Authors: Abdellahi Behzad , Azhari Fatemeh , Nguyen Phu
Published: February 2024

The hybridization technique has recently been used to produce a new generation of composites called pseudo-ductile composites, which have shown higher failure strain compared to conventional composites, minimizing the risks of the occurrence of a catastrophic failure. The pseudo-ductility behavior in these composites is obtained by hybridization of fibers with high and low failure strains. In this study, a multi-scale finite element (FE) model incorporating micro and macro-scales is proposed to predict the failure behavior of pseudo-ductile composites. A micro-scale representative volume element (RVE), consisting of randomly distributed fibers, was generated using a Python code. Periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) were applied to the RVE generated with a periodic geometry. To account for fiber failure and ply fragmentation, the tensile strength of fibers was distributed based on the Weibull distribution function and a user-defined UMAT subroutine was developed. Tensile loading was then applied to the RVE to simulate the composite’s mechanical behavior. For validation, an RVE was developed based on experimental data from recent research on thin-ply and conventional thickness composites. Numerical results were compared to experimental data, demonstrating acceptable agreement. In the final step, following a sequential multi-scale modeling approach, a macro-scale model was constructed based on the outputs of the micro-scale model subjected to tensile and shear loads. The results were compared with experimental data, revealing good agreement. The proposed model allows for the optimization of pseudo-ductile composite structures to achieve a desired set of mechanical properties without the need for conducting extensive experimental material tests.
The effect of (±)-4-NO 2 -propranolol, (±)-7-NO 2 -propranolol, and (±)- propranolol on the rat isolated right atrium
Authors: Oliveira Denis Lima , Cardoso Vinicius Francisco , Britto-Júnior Jose , Fuguhara Vivian , Frecentese Francesco , Sparaco Rosa , Santagada Vincenzo , Caliendo Giuseppe , Antunes Edson , De Nucci Gilberto
Published: February 2024

6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is released from rat isolated atria and has positive chronotropic action, which is selectively blocked by β1-adrenoceptor antagonists at concentrations that do not affect the positive chronotropic effect induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Here the effects of (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol, and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol, were investigated in the rat isolated right atrium. The atrium was mounted in gassed (95%O2:5%CO2), heated (37°C) glass chambers, containing Krebs-Henseleit’s solution. Tissues were allowed to equilibrate under a resting tension of 10mN for 1 hour, and the isometric tension was registered using a PowerLab system. (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol, caused concentration-dependent falls in the spontaneous atrial frequency (pEC50 were 4.80 ± 0.10, 4.64 ± 0.10, and 4.95 ± 0.10, respectively). Noradrenaline (1nM–30µM), and adrenaline (1nM–100µM), caused concentration-dependent increases in atrial rate. The calculated pA2 values for (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol, and (±)-7-NO2-propranol obtained for noradrenaline-induced positive chronotropic effects were 8.21 ± 0.35, 6.41 ± 0.21, and 8.35 ± 0.35, respectively. The positive chronotropic effect induced by 6-ND (10pM) was blocked by (±)-propranolol (1µM), and (±)-4-NO2-propranolol (30nM). (±)-7-NO2-propranol (1µM) had no effect on 6-ND (10pM)-induced increases in atrial rate. The pEC50 of (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol were significantly shifted to the right in L-NAME treated atria. The discrepancy between pA2 values of (±)-propranolol and its respective pEC50 indicates that the falls in atrial rate induced by (±)-propranolol should not be attributed to b-adrenergic antagonism. The finding that (±)-4-NO2-propranolol causes falls in spontaneous atrial rate only in concentrations that affect 6-ND positive chronotropic effect, confirms the role of this catecholamine as endogenous modulator of heart chronotropism.
Breast cancer metastasis to the colon with incompatible receptors: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Huimeng , Yang Liying , You Baogan , Sun Xiqiang , Liu Gongwu , gao weiwei , xie fengming
Published: February 2024

Background
The metastasis of breast cancer to the colon is a rare occurrence, especially in the presence of changes in estrogen and progesterone receptors. To date, literature has only reported three cases of invasive ductal carcinoma metastasizing to the colon with concurrent changes in hormone receptors.
Case presentation: This report describes a 65-year-old female with a history of left breast cancer, who presented with symptoms of bloody stools and abdominal pain. CT and colonoscopy revealed a malignant tumor in the ascending colon, and the patient underwent surgery. Pathological results post-surgery indicated changes in hormone receptors, differing from the previous breast cancer pathology, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of breast cancer metastasis to the colon. The patient was found to have liver metastasis 14 months after surgery, and systemic metastases in various locations were discovered at the 19-month mark.
Conclusions
Patients with previous breast cancer should be aware of the possibility of colon metastases, even if receptor changes occur.
Quantification and size classification of Microplastics leached from disposable beverage cups
Authors: Agarwal Priya , Prakash Satya , Saini Gaurav
Published: February 2024

This study is a detailed investigation into the size variations of the microplastic (MP) particles that are released from “common use” paper cups into the hot beverages. Therefore, this study was aimed at quantification and size classification of MPs released through hot liquids contained in paper cups. It was observed that as many as 6,00,000 microplastic particles can potentially be released into 100 ml hot beverage in a disposable paper cup during 15 min of exposure time. The released MPs with various morphological features, observed through SEM imaging, includes defined shapes (spherical and rod-like) and also irregularly shaped particles. The size distribution revealed a predominance of MPs in 2–5 µm size range with a small fraction of particles larger than 15 µm. The composition of the released particles was found to be high density polyethylene (HDPE). It has been estimated that routine users of beverages in such cups may unconsciously ingest 219 million particles annually by using a single cup daily and around 657–876 million of MPs in a year due to use of 3–4 cups per day. Therefore, the consumption of beverages in such cups could potentially affect the health of human beings and release MPs into the environment.
Hematological Values of Two Species of Amazonian Caimans, Caiman crocodilus AND Melanosuchus niger
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Teixeira , Santos Marcio Quara Carvalho , Lemos Jefferson Raphael Gonzaga , Santos Adriene Núzia Almeida , Guimarães Cristiane Cunha , Ribeiro Maiko Willas Soares , Faggio Caterina , Aride Paulo Henrique Rocha
Published: February 2024

The Amazon is one of the most biodiverse regions for crocodilians globally. Four of the five Amazonian caimans species exist in the Brazilian Amazon region. Determining hematological values is essential to provide baseline health and condition data. We evaluated the hematological parameters of free-living specimens of Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger from the middle Negro River region of Brazil. We captured 18 C. crocodilus and 16 M. niger, which averaged 60.5 ± 13.0 cm and 46.1 ± 18.5 cm in total length, respectively. Blood was drawn using syringes containing 10% EDTA, and blood parameters were determined according to the previously described methodology. The analyzed erythrocyte parameters were similar between the species, demonstrating that, despite presenting different sizes, they have similar strategies for absorption and transport of oxygen in the blood. In the morphological analysis of blood cells, erythrocytes, erythroblasts, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, azurophils, heterophils, and basophils were found and, in the quantification of leukocytes and thrombocytes, it was noted that lymphocytes are the central cells in the blood of Caiman of Amazonian. In the results found for plasma metabolites, no significant differences were observed between glucose and total protein levels. The information generated herein is intended to aid in establishing management plans, conservation, and farming of these species of Caiman Amazonian.
Resoluteneuronet: Deep Learning-based Segmentation and Classification Covid-19 Using Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Junia Catherine , K Selvan
Published: February 2024

The worldwide healthcare systems are facing substantial problems because of impending COVID-19 pandemic epidemic, necessitating rapid, accurate diagnosis for effective management and control. Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying COVID-19-related lung abnormalities. However, manual interpretation of CXR images was time-consuming and prone to inter-observer variability. Thisstudy proposes a DL approach to address the limitation of automated COVID-19 segmentation and classification utilizing CXR images. The approach segments and classifies COVID-19. The distinction between COVID-19 and healthy patients in this study was made using CXR images. Using the histogram equalization technique, the gathered CXR images are preprocessed. We can obtain images of the lungs by utilizing the “conditional generative adversarial network” (C-GAN) to segment the raw CXR images. Next, significant points were extracted from the segmented lung pictures using the Wavelet Transform(WT) to remove discriminatory features. In this study, we developed a classification method called ResoluteNeuroNet (Resolute-NN), used in the final stage to classify COVID-19 and standard lung images. The accuracy of our proposed model's performance was compared to that of the currently used COVID-19 detection methods. The experimental findings for our suggested practice demonstrate Resolute-NN superiority over the presently used state-of-the-art approaches.
Dietary Quality and Micronutrient Adequacy, Iron Deficiency Anaemia and their Associated Factors among Adolescent Students in Acholi Sub-region of Uganda
Authors: Adokorach Gloria , Oyet Sunday Mark , Muggaga Christopher , Obai Gerald
Published: February 2024

Background: Globally, iron deficiency anaemia is a widespread nutrition problem, a concern for public health that affects nearly 2 billion people, mostly adolescents, young children, infants and the elderly, women of reproductive age and people with chronic inflammatory diseases. As far as Acholi sub-region is concerned, the available information is on women of reproductive age, concealing that of adolescents in regards to iron deficiency. This inadequacy prompted the study to examine status of dietary quality and micronutrient adequacy, iron deficiency anaemia and their associated factors among adolescents in secondary schools of Gulu district.
Methods: Using cross sectional study, 341 adolescent boys and girls aged 10-19 years from two schools in rural of Gulu district were recruited for the study. HemoCue method was used to measure the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia where as individual dietary diversity as an indicator of micronutrient adequacy was measured using the Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS),
Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia was found to be 16% (Girls:18.1%; Boys:13.0%). In addition, the mean measure of haemoglobin (Hb) level was 13.21 g/dl, and was slightly higher in boys (13.46±1.55 g/dl) compared to girls (13.02±1.30 g/dl). Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) was not significantly different (p˃0.05) between adolescent girls and boys, with mean individual dietary diversities measures of 3.47±2.143 and 2.98±1.785, respectively, indicating low dietary diversity. Among all food groups, animal source foods, fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin A, other fruits and vegetables were the most consumed by adolescent girls compared to boys. The analysis from binary logistic regression showed that, all the socio-demographic factors in the study did not predict dietary diversity as presented by the p value of (p ˃ 0.05). On the other hand, analysis from linear regression revealed that high education attainment by parent/guardian and nature of menstruation predicted the prevalence of anaemia amongst adolescents (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia was found to be high and characterised with low dietary diversity among adolescents in Gulu district. This study recommends the need for health education and promotion of agricultural practices that support good nutrition in schools with the view of reducing the burden from iron deficiency anaemia.
Exploring the Need of Establishing Geriatric Care Centre in Ghana: The perspective of healthcare practitioners and Elderly Patients
Authors: Appiah Isaac Offei , Prempeh Charles Agyemang , Atibila Fidelis , Peprah Maxwell Owusu , Ewusie Tutuwaa Baffour
Published: February 2024

Background
Older patients in developing countries face major challenges in accessing comprehensive medical care. The assessment of the need to establish a geriatric center has been poorly studied in Ghana. This study explored the need of establishing geriatric care center among healthcare practitioners and elderly patients at the Presbyterian Hospital, Dormaa Ahenkro of Ghana.
Methodology: An exploratory qualitative study employed purposive sampling technique to recruit participants. Applying In-depth interview guide to solicit study data. Data was collected face to face with the help of audio recorded devices and notes taking alongside with participants. Data was transcribed verbatim using NVivo (v16). Braun and Clarke thematic analysis was conducted on the transcribed data to generate themes and sub-themes.
Results
Four themes and nine sub-themes evolved out of the study. It was established that, health care practitioners had experienced in providing care to geriatrics. Skill acquisition and continuous training enhanced practitioner’s experience. practitioners indicated the need of establishing geriatric friendly center with the supportive equipment. Elderly patients revealed common disease conditions that compel them to frequently visit the hospital. It was also reported that elderly patients face financial challenges and delayence while accessing healthcare.
Conclusion
Despite the vast experience and demonstration of good knowledge by healthcare practitioners in providing geriatric care, aged patients complained of financial challenges and service delayence. Establishing geriatric friendly center with functional equipment and financial support would ease aged patients challenge in accessing healthcare. Further study is required to explore elderly patients experience of home support system from immediate relatives.
A Novel Growth Guidance System for early onset scoliosis: a preliminary in vitro study
Authors: Du You , Bian Yanyan , Zhao Yiwei , Yang Yang , Lin Guanfeng , Han Bingtai , Zhang Haoran , Li Chenkai , Ye Xiaohan , Li Zhiyi , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Shengru
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to describe a novel growth guidance system, which can avoid metal debris and reduce the sliding friction forces, and test the durability and glidability of the system by in vitro test.
Method
Two major modifications were made to the traditional Shilla system, including the use of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) gaskets to avoid direct contact between the screw and rod, and polishing the surface of the sliding part of the rod. We test the durability of the system by a fatigue test, which the samples were test on the MTS system for a 10 million cycle of a constant displacement. Pre and post-testing involved weighing the UHMWPE gaskets and observing the wear conditions. The sliding ability were measured by a sliding displacement test. The maximum sliding displacement of the system was measured after a 300 cycles of dynamic compressive loads in a sinusoidal waveform.
Results
After the fatigue test, all the UHMWPE gaskets samples showed some of the fretting on the edge of the inner sides, but its still isolated and avoided the friction between the screws and rods. There was no production of metallic fretting around the sliding screws and rods. The average wear mass of the UHMWPE gaskets was 0.002 ± 0.001g, less than 1.7% of the original mass. In the sliding test, the novel growth guidance system demonstrated the best sliding ability, with a average maximum sliding distance(AMSD) of 35.75 ± 5.73mm, significantly better than the group of the traditional Shilla technique(AMSD 3.65 ± 0.46mm, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion
In conclusion, we modified the Shilla technique and designed a novel growth guidance system by changing the friction interface of sliding screw and rod, which may significantly reduce the metallic debris and promote spine growth. The fatigue test and sliding dislocation test demonstrated the better durability and glidability of the system. An in vivo animal experiment should be performed to further verify the system.
RETRACTED: Improving Optical Transmission Performance in Multi- Channel Networks Utilizing CNN-Enabled Digital Signal Processing to Mitigate Four-Wave Mixing
Authors: Armghan Ammar , Ali Farman , Alam Muhammad Mahtab , Afsar Haleem
Published: February 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square. The authors' request does not imply errors or misconduct.
Insights from Multigene Analysis: First Report of a Southeast Asian Mosquito, Aedes (Mucidus) laniger (Diptera: Culicidae) from Korea
Authors: Bang Woo Jun , Seol Ara , Shin Seunggwan
Published: February 2024

Background
Mosquitoes are dominant vectors worldwide and transmit infectious diseases. The expansion of mosquito habitats due to climate change and increased human activities poses a significant health threat by facilitating the spread of various non-native infectious diseases. This study focused on the detection of the Southeast Asian mosquito species, Aedes laniger on Jeju Island, the southernmost region of the Republic of Korea (ROK), highlighting the potential risks associated with the spread of vector-borne diseases, particularly emphasizing the elevated likelihood of invasion by Southeast Asian mosquitoes.
Methods
Field surveys were conducted in August 2023 on Jeju Island. Adult mosquitoes were collected using BG-sentinel traps and identified to the species level using taxonomic keys. Morphological and molecular analyses were employed to confirm species designations. Molecular data, including mitochondrial and nuclear genes, were used for phylogenetic analysis, which was performed to compare and identify among recorded subgenera in ROK. Species distribution modeling for Ae. laniger was performed to predict potential habitats using R package ‘BIOMOD2’.
Results
The two specimens of Aedes laniger were collected for the first time on Jeju Island. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the identity of this species within the subgenus Mucidus and validated the first record of this species in the ROK. We employed a simple multigene phylogenetic analysis to confirm a new mosquito record at the genus and subgenus levels, finally validating the consistency between morphological identification and molecular phylogenetic outcomes. Furthermore, we have updated the taxonomic keys for the genus Aedes in the ROK, and revised mosquito lists for Jeju Island, incorporating the inclusion of Ae. laniger. On the basis of species distribution modeling, the area of suitable habitat for Ae. laniger is expected to expand due to climate change, but this change did not appear to be meaningful in East Asia.
Conclusion
This case offers the first report of the Southeast Asian mosquito, Ae. laniger, in the ROK. The detection of this species on Jeju Island suggests the potential establishment of a breeding population their habitat and raises concerns about further expansion into the Korean Peninsula. Considering the annual occurrence of mosquito-borne disease cases in the Southeast Asia, it is essential to conduct monitoring not only in Jeju Island, where Ae. laniger has been identified, but also across the entire Korean Peninsula.
The IVF/ICSI Pregnancy Outcomes and Influencing Factors of Low AMH Patients with High and Low Basal FSH
Authors: Yilei He , Rui Yang , Yu Fu , Yuanyuan Wang , Lixue Chen , Rong Li , Jie Qiao , Ying Wang
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To investigate the IVF/ICSI outcomes and influencing factors of low basal AMH level young patients with elevated and decreased basal FSH levels.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 70,644 IVF/ICSI cycles performed at a tertiary hospital reproductive center between January 2017 and December 2022. After 1:2 propensity score matching for age and AMH of low basal AMH level patients (AMH < 1.1ng/mL) aged 20-39 years, 298 low basal FSH level cycles (FSH < 5mIU/ml) and 149 high basal FSH level cycles (FSH > 25mIU/ml) were included.
Results: The clinical pregnancy rates (35.07% vs. 23.81%, P = 0.007), live birth rates (28.36% vs. 16.67%, P = 0.007), cumulative clinical pregnancy rates (19.80% vs. 8.05%, P = 0.001), and cumulative live birth rates (16.78% vs. 6.04%, P = 0.002) were all higher in the low FSH level group. After adjusting for BMI and ovulation induction protocol, a high basal FSH level was negatively associated with the number of good-quality embryos (P = 0.007), cumulative clinical pregnancy (OR 0.430 (0.216, 0.854), P = 0.016) and cumulative live birth (OR 0.396 (0.183, 0.855), P = 0.018). AFC was positively correlated with clinical pregnancy (OR 1.151 (1.050, 1.262), P = 0.003), live birth (OR 1.121 (1.013, 1.241), P = 0.027), cumulative clinical pregnancy (OR 0.430 (0.216, 0.854), P = 0.016) and cumulative live birth (OR 0.396 (0.183, 0.855), P = 0.018).
Conclusion: Low basal AMH level young patients with low basal FSH level had more AFCs and showed better pregnancy outcomes. A high basal FSH level was negatively associated with the number of good-quality embryos, cumulative clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. AFC was positively correlated with pregnancy outcomes.
Pharmacological activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 inhibits ferroptosis via SLC7A11/GPX4 axis to reduce kidney stone formation
Authors: Zhang Jingdong , Wang Rui , Xie Linguo , Ren Haotian , Luo Di , Yang Yu , Shang Zhiqun , Xie Haijie , Liu Chunyu
Published: February 2024

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones pose a global health challenge due to their high prevalence and recurrence rates. While cell death mechanisms such as ferroptosis are known to play a crucial role in stone formation, the precise underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a metabolic enzyme of the ferroptosis product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). However, the function of ALDH2 in kidney stones is poorly understood. In this study, ALDH2 expression was assessed in kidney tissues and HK-2 cells using immunohistochemistry and western blot. Renal histology and crystal deposition were visualized through hematoxylin-eosin and Von Kossa staining. The expression of crystal-related molecules and ferroptosis-associated molecules was quantified via qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Commercial assay kits were utilized to quantify glutathione, lipid peroxidation and Fe2+, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Rescue experiments involving siRNA targeting Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11 (SLC7A11) were conducted to explore functional implications. Our data showed significant reduction of ALDH2 in the stone group. Alda-1, an agonist of ALDH2, notably mitigated crystal deposition in the kidneys and hindered crystal adhesion to cells. Furthermore, Alda-1 induced an upregulation of SLC7A11 expression, stimulating glutathione synthesis, reducing lipid peroxidation accumulation, and lowering Fe2+ levels, collectively contributing to the attenuation of ferroptosis triggered by crystal stimulation. Notably, SLC7A11 siRNA experiments confirmed the role of SLC7A11 in Alda-1-mediated renoprotection. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of targeting ALDH2 as a promising therapeutical strategy for urolithiasis.
Utilization of maternal and child health services and its determinants among women of 15-49 years in India: Evidence from National Family Health Survey-5.
Authors: Daulat Anmol , Deo Vishal , Deka Barnali , Sahu Damodar
Published: February 2024

Background
Although there has been a significant improvement over the last two decades, maternal health, covering pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period, still faces challenges in India. In 2023, WHO reported 287,000 maternal deaths worldwide, with India's maternal mortality rate at 113/100,000 live births for 2016–18, improving from the previous period. The SDG global target of reducing the maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030, which India has committed itself to, necessitates immediate attention to address socioeconomic and demographic disparities in maternal care to inform national health missions like PMJSY and JSSK. Adequate utilization of maternal and child health (MCH) care services is critical to improve maternal health. This study aims to assess the extent of utilization of MCH services in India, viz., antenatal care (ANC), skilled birth attendant (SBA), and postnatal care (PNC), and identify socioeconomic and demographic barriers in utilization of these services.
Methods
The present study used data from NFHS-5 (2019–2021) on 176483 mothers and 232920 children for analysis. Outcome variables representing utilization of ANC, SBA and PNC are derived from relevant variables using their standard definitions. We examined the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with the three outcomes using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Further, states were divided into four groups based on their child health performance to investigate disparities in utilization of MCH between these groups.
Results
Overall, 26.7%, 74.6% and 88.67% mothers availed full ANC, PNC, and SBA services for their most recent births. As per the results of the logistic regressions, higher levels of education of mothers, higher wealth quintiles of the household, and urban residency are strongly associated with higher chances of availing the three services. A mother’s lack of exposure to mass media, higher number of births, and socially disadvantaged status act as barriers in utilization of MCH services.
Conclusion
Disparities in the utilization of MCH services are associated with socioeconomic and demographic factors, like education level of mother, social background, wealth status, and rurality of residence. Our findings reiterate the significance of female education and universal health coverage in bridging the socioeconomic gap in the utilization of MCH services.
Numerical Simulation of Cathode Nodule Local Effeccts
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Li chun , Tie Jun , Meng Yi , Li Guanlin , Qiu Xiaowen
Published: February 2024

As one of the main factors decreasing current efficiency and product quality, the growth of nodules deserves attention in the copper electrorefining process. 3D FEM models combining tertiary current distribution and fluid flow were established in this study to investigate the details of the growth of columnar nodules, including the electrolyte flow around the nodule and its effects. Compared with an inert nodule, a significant impact of the electrochemical reaction of an active nodule has been observed on the fluid flow, which may be one of the reasons for the formation of small nodule clusters on the cathode. Furthermore, the local current density isn't even on the nodule surface under the comprehensive influence of local electrolyte flow, local overvoltage, and the angle with the anode surface. Thus, the head of an active nodule grows faster than the root, and the upper parts grow faster than the lower parts, leading to asymmetric growth of the nodules.
Proteinuria and albuminuria prevalence in allergic children
Authors: MOULU Marina VINCENT , Ponthier Laure , Chianea Thierry , Ménétrey Céline , Hamel Chahrazed El , Guigonis Vincent
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have reported an atopic background in patients suffering from idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Proteinuria has also been reported in allergic patients, but in a limited number of studies with, for most of them, a low level of evidence. If confirmed, the presence of proteinuria in allergic children could be a clue that could help to understand idiopathic nephrotic syndrome pathophysiology. We conducted a prospective study to compare the urine protein levels in allergic and non- allergic children.
METHODS Urine samples were collected from 196 children with a suspicion of allergy. Total protein, albumin, and creatinine were measured in urine. Included patients were secondary dispatched in allergic and non-allergic groups.
RESULTS In the allergic group (n=99), six children (6%) were proteinuric (proteinuria/creatinuria ratio ranging from 20 to 1449 mg/mmol versus eight (8%) (21 to 219 mg/mmol) among the non-allergic patients (n=97). There was no significant difference between allergic and non-allergic patients either for proteinuria/creatininuria ratio (mean 28.13 and 18.18 mg/mmol respectively) or albuminuria/creatininuria ratio (mean 9.84 and 3.04 mg/mmol respectively).
CONCLUSION Allergic patients do not present proteinuria more frequently than non- allergic patients. These results do not support a pathophysiological link that could lead from allergy to idiopathic nephrotic syndrome through the presence of pathologic proteinuria in allergic patients.
Effect of prior depression diagnosis on bipolar disorder outcomes: a retrospective cohort study using a medical claims database
Authors: Sakurai Hitoshi , Nakashima Masayuki , Tsuboi Takashi , Baba Kenji , Nosaka Tadashi , Watanabe Koichiro , Kawakami Koji
Published: February 2024

Background
Bipolar disorder often emerges from depressive episodes and is initially diagnosed as depression. This study aimed to explore the effects of a prior depression diagnosis on outcomes in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Methods
This cohort study analyzed data of patients aged 18–64 years who received a new bipolar disorder diagnosis in Japan, using medical claims data from January 2005 to October 2020 provided by JMDC, Inc. The index month was defined as the time of the bipolar diagnosis. The study assessed the incidence of psychiatric hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, and mortality, stratified by the presence of a preceding depression diagnosis and its duration (≥ 1 or < 1 year). Hazard ratios (HRs) and p-values were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders, and supported by log-rank tests.
Results
Of the 5,595 patients analyzed, 2,460 had a history of depression, with 1,049 experiencing it for over a year and 1,411 for less than a year. HRs for psychiatric hospitalization, all hospitalizations, and death in patients with a history of depression versus those without were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.78–1.08, p = 0.30), 0.87 (95% CI = 0.78–0.98, p = 0.017), and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.33–1.12, p = 0.11), respectively. In patients with preceding depression ≥ 1 year versus < 1 year, HRs were 0.89 (95% CI = 0.67–1.19, p = 0.43) for psychiatric hospitalization, 0.85 (95% CI = 0.71-1.00, p = 0.052) for all hospitalizations, and 0.25 (95% CI = 0.07–0.89, p = 0.03) for death.
Conclusion
A prior history and duration of depression may not elevate psychiatric hospitalization risk after bipolar disorder diagnosis, and might even correlate with reduced hospitalization and mortality rates.
Increased Brucella abortus asRNA_0067 expression under intraphagocytic stressors is associated with enhanced virB2 transcription
Authors: Munoz-Bucio Adrian , Arellano-Reynoso Beatriz , Sangari Félix J. , Sieira Rodrigo , Espitia Clara , Thebault Patricia , Lobo Juan M. García , Seoane Asunción , Suárez-Güemes Francisco
Published: February 2024

Intracellular pathogens like Brucella face challenges during the intraphagocytic adaptation phase, where the modulation of gene expression plays an essential role in taking advantage of stressors to persist inside the host cell. This study aims to explore the expression of antisense virB2 RNA strand and related genes under intracellular simulation media. Sense and antisense virB2 RNA strands increased expression when nutrient deprivation and acidification were higher, being the starvation more determinative. Meanwhile bspB, one of the T4SS effector genes, exhibited the highest expression during the exposition to pH 4.5 and nutrient abundance. Based on RNA-seq analysis and RACE data, we constructed a regional map depicting the 5’ and 3’ ends of virB2 and the cis-encoded asRNA_0067. Without affecting the CDS or a possible autonomous RBS, we generate the deletion mutant ΔasRNA_0067, significantly reducing virB2 mRNA expression and survival rate. These results suggest that the antisense asRNA_0067 expression is promoted under exposure to the intraphagocytic adaptation phase stressors, and its deletion is associated with a lower transcription of the virB2 gene. Our findings illuminate the significance of these RNA strands in modulating the survival strategy of Brucella within the host and emphasize the role of nutrient deprivation in gene expression.
Studying different surgical methods in the management of pulmonary hydatid cysts for five years at Al-Mujtahid Hospital
Authors: Alhabachi Fatima , AlZoubi Lama , Alkhayer Issam
Published: February 2024

Research objective:
To study and analyze the surgical methods used to treat hydatid cysts in Al-Mujtahid Hospital for a period of five years, including new techniques and compare them to determine the best methods to treat this condition effectively and safely.
Place of study:
Damascus (Al-Mujtahid) Hospital, Damascus, Syria.
Duration of study:
for a period of five years from 5/5/2019 to 5/10/2023.
Study design:
retrospective cross-sectional.
Patients:
221 patients visiting Al-Mujtahid Hospital with pulmonary hydatid cyst disease.
Results
The percentage of single cysts was 66.5%, while the percentage of multiple cysts was 33.5%, and the percentage of cysts on one side and two sides was 85.1% and 14.9%, respectively, and the percentage of symptomatic cysts was 96.8%, while the rest of the cases were asymptomatic (by chance), and the percentage of complications ( Pneumonia, rupture, bleeding, vomiting, abscess) 39.4%, and the percentage of the presence of a right cyst was 47%, while the percentage of the presence of a left cyst was 41%, and both were 11%, 66.5% of the cysts were single, and the most common treatment method was by cyst puncture at a rate of 56.1%, and 65%. 2% of patients had fistulas closed. There is no significant effect of the patient’s sex, age, medical history, presence of extrapulmonary cysts, multiple cysts within the lung, affected lung, symptomatic or not, and the number of cysts on the type of surgical procedure. There is a significant effect of cyst complications on the type of surgical operation.
Conclusion
The optimal surgical management appropriate to the patient's condition must be chosen, with fewer complications, and work to preserve the lung and prevent removal of any part of it.
Marketing strategy in social networks: theoretical and practical basis
Authors: Pimonenko Tetyana , Lyulyov Oleksii , Zdoima Andrii , Pimonenko Serhii
Published: February 2024

In the current market environment, a number of small and medium enterprises utilize social media platforms (SMM) as key channels for brand promotion. This trend is primarily due to the effectiveness of these platforms and their ability to cover a significant target audience. Entrepreneurs employ digital marketing tools, tailoring their offers to the target audience. The purpose of this article is to identify and explore the theoretical and practical basis for developing a marketing strategy in social networks. The analysis results have shown an increase in scientific publications from 2006 to 2023. The leaders in publication activity are scientists from the USA, Australia, and Spain. Based on the results of summarizing the scientific work, the article systematizes the main challenges companies face when implementing SMM strategies, namely: the absence of a clear strategy, incorrect positioning, uncertainty of the target audience, and irrelevant content. The authors have analyzed approaches to defining a marketing strategy in social networks and described examples of effective implementation of such strategies by global brands. The article argues that one of the catalysts for the avalanche-like development of SMM is the COVID-19 pandemic. It is determined that the theoretical foundation of the marketing strategy in social networks is based on the principles of digital marketing and takes into account the specifics of conducting a dialogue with users in virtual space. The key components of such a strategy are content marketing, interaction with influencers (influencer marketing), community management, and data analysis (data analytics). The practical aspect of the marketing strategy in social networks includes developing specific tactics and methods for implementing strategic goals. This encompasses creating content plans and developing and conducting SERM (Search Engine Reputation Management) campaigns. The authors have substantiated the need to develop integrated and flexible SMM strategies that take into account the uniqueness of each social network and the needs of target audiences, trends, and innovations in digital marketing
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES REGARDING THEBIDIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIABETES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, BenghazyUnivesity, Benghazy, Libya., Shoukree Benamar Manal , H.B. Mohamed Huda ,   Lecturer- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Benghazy University, Benghazy, Libya., E.S. EL Tira Aziza ,   Lecturer, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Benghazy University, Benghazy, Libya.
Published: February 2024

Background:Diabetes and periodontal disease are common chronic diseases in a bidirectional relationship. Therefore, elevating the level of awareness among diabetic patients about their complications to overcome any unfavorable effects of diabetes on their quality of life. Additionally, increasing the awareness of medical and dental professionals will improve their attitude and behavior towards the management of diabetic patients. Objective:This cross-sectional survey aimed to assessthe diabetic patients knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease and the role of physicians indiabetic patients referred for oral care. Methods:Researchers have created a questionnaire of their own and the examiner conducted a face-to-face interview in local language with the patient, it included 25 questions grouped under 5 categories. Results: A total of 289 participants, most of them type II diabetes 92.4 %, age range (18 to 60 years) were included in this study.Only 61.6%had knowledge about the relation between diabetes &periodontitis. More than 90% of the patient didnt receive any information or educated in oral health by specialists. Conclusion:Diabetic patients lack knowledge regarding the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. The lack of inter-professional patient care between doctors and dentists when treating patients with diabetes.
COMMUNITY BASED MODEL OF HEPATITIS B ELIMINATION IN TRIPURA, NORTH EAST INDIA
Authors:   Professor, Department of Medicine. Agartala Govt Medical College, Tripura, India., Pradip Bhaumik , Kumar Pranab Dutta ,   Consultant Physician. IGM Hospital, Agartala, Tripura. India.
Published: February 2024

Liver can be affected by various virus like Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E. Hepatitiss B and C are blood borne and can cause chronic complications leading to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In 1984 Taiwan launched first universal vaccination against Hepatitis B with plasma derived vaccine and they could reduce the burden significantly with in a short period. In 1987 recombinant DNA vaccine become available and hepatitis B vaccination became a target area but the the program did not received proper momentum. A science based social orbanisation, Hepatitis Foundation of Tripura started hepatitis B prevention movement at Tripura, a small state of North East Region of India in 2002. Gradually the program extended following various public heath method. This out of the box model could achieve a great success towards elimination of Hepatitis B. This Tripura model adopted by a social organisation, could act as template for HBV elimination.