bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fractal Scaling Properties in Rainfall Time Series: A Case of Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Lawal Kane Ibrahim , Madha Suresh Venkatesan
Published: November 2021

In the present study, the features of rainfall time series (1971–2016) in 9 meteorological regions of Thiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India that comprises Thiruvallur, Korattur_Dam, Ponneri, Poondi, Red Hills, Sholingur, Thamaraipakkam, Thiruvottiyur and Vallur Anicut were studied. The evaluation of rainfall time series is one of the approaches for efficient hydrological structure design. Characterising and identifying patterns is one of the main objectives of time series analysis. Rainfall is a complex phenomenon, and the temporal variation of this natural phenomenon has been difficult to characterise and quantify due to its randomness. Such dynamical behaviours are present in multiple domains and it is therefore essential to have tools to model them. To solve this problem, fractal analysis based on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) and Rescaled Range (R/S) analysis were employed. The fractal analysis produces estimates of the magnitude of detrended fluctuations at different scales (window sizes) of a time series and assesses the scaling relationship between estimates and time scales. The DFA and (R/S) gives an estimate known as Hurst exponent (H) that assumes self-similarity in the time series. The results of H exponent reveals typical behaviours shown by all the rainfall time series, Thiruvallur and Sholingur rainfall region have H exponent values within 0.5 < H < 1 which is an indication of persistent behaviour or long memory. In this case, a future data point is likely to be followed by a data point preceding it; Ponneri and Poondi have conflicting results based on the two methods, however, their H values are approximately 0.5 showing random walk behaviour in which there is no correlation between any part and a future. Thamaraipakkam, Thiruvottiyur, Vallur Anicut, Korattur Dam and Red Hills have H values less than 0.5 indicating a property called anti-persistent in which an increase will tend to be followed by a decrease or vice versa. Taking into consideration of such features in modelling, rainfall time series could be an exhaustive rainfall model. Finding appropriate models to estimate and predict future rainfalls is the core idea of this study for future research.
Trust in the Nonprofit Domain: Towards an Understanding of Public’s Trust in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Becker Annika
Published: November 2021

Trust in the nonprofit domain has been subject to a large interest both among scholars and practitioners over the past few years. Today, we differentiate between a range of different forms of trust, namely, organizational and sectoral trust as well as more generalized and institutional trust. Another differentiation in nonprofit literature relates to the subject that forms trust towards a nonprofit organization, reflected by the strength of the individual-organizational-relationship. In that, two forms of trust, namely, a narrow form of relational trust and broader trust among the public have evolved. While previous research provides varying conceptual approaches for explaining public’s trust in the nonprofit sector, most scholars, however, approach public trust from a rather narrow relationship management perspective. This chapter conceptualizes and operationalizes public trust from a broader perspective and emphasizes that to get public support to ultimately further their missions, nonprofit organizations should strive for building, maintaining, and restoring public’s trust. This chapter accordingly presents five mechanisms that are associated with public’s trust in nonprofit organizations: 1) promise of mission and values, 2) organizational reputation, 3) transparency and accountability, 4) performance and social impact, and 5) use of contributions. Thereby, recent trends in academic literature are identified—nonprofit branding and nonprofit accountability—that have great ability to address these mechanisms to successfully improve public trust. Results from this chapter provide nonprofit scholars with insights into a broader conceptualization and operationalization of public trust in nonprofit organizations, and with future research ideas. Nonprofit managers may benefit by gaining insights into how to sustainably improve trust among the general public by focusing on nonprofit branding and accountability strategies.
The Topology of the Configuration Space of a Mathematical Model for Cycloalkenes
Authors: Kamiyama Yasuhiko
Published: November 2021

As a mathematical model for cycloalkenes, we consider equilateral polygons whose interior angles are the same except for those of the both ends of the specified edge. We study the configuration space of such polygons. It is known that for some case, the space is homeomorphic to a sphere. The purpose of this chapter is threefold: First, using the h-cobordism theorem, we prove that the above homeomorphism is in fact a diffeomorphism. Second, we study the best possible condition for the space to be a sphere. At present, only a sphere appears as a topological type of the space. Then our third purpose is to show the case when a closed surface of positive genus appears as a topological type.
Perspective Chapter: Using Feed Additives to Eliminate Harmful Effects of Heat Stress in Broiler Nutrition
Authors: Babinszky László , Szabó Csaba , Horváth Márta
Published: November 2021

Global warming is one of the major challenges for mankind, with animal breeding one of the most affected sectors in the agricultural industry. High ambient temperatures negatively affect all domestic animals. While it is true that pork and dairy production suffer the consequences of heat waves, it is actually the poultry industry which is hit the hardest by the heat stress poultry must endure due to hotter weather. Consequently, we have a fundamental interest in reducing and/or eliminating the negative effects of climate change, i.e. prolonged high ambient temperatures. The aim of this chapter is to present the adverse effects of heat stress on energy metabolism, anti- and pro-oxidant capacity and production in birds. A further goal is to show how various feed additives (e.g. vitamin A, C and E, selenium, zinc, betaine, plant extract, and probiotics) can reduce the negative effects of heat stress. Based on the large number of recent scientific findings, the following conclusions were drawn: Using fat in the diet (up to 5%) can reduce heat production in livestock. Vitamins (e.g. A, E and C) are capable of reacting with free radicals. Vitamin E and Vitamin C, Zn, and Se supplementation improved antioxidant parameters. Antioxidant potential of vitamins and micro minerals is more efficient in combination under heat stress in poultry nutrition. Plant extracts (e.g. oregano) could decrease the negative effects of heat stress on antioxidant enzyme activity due to its antioxidant constituents. Betaine reduces heat production in animals at high ambient temperatures. While acute heat stress induces a drop in feed intake, with the resulting increased nutrient demand leading to weight loss, if heat stress is prolonged, adaptation will occur. Probiotics and vitamins (C and E) seem to be the most effective means to reduce the negative effects of heat stress.
The Propagation of Vortex Beams in Random Mediums
Authors: Dalgac Sekip , Elmabruk Kholoud
Published: November 2021

Vortex beams acquire increasing attention due to their unique properties. These beams have an annular spatial profile with a dark spot at the center, the so-called phase singularity. This singularity defines the helical phase structure which is related to the topological charge value. Topological charge value allows vortex beams to carry orbital angular momentum. The existence of orbital angular momentum offers a large capacity and high dimensional information processing which make vortex beams very attractive for free-space optical communications. Besides that, these beams are well capable of reducing turbulence-induced scintillation which leads to better system performance. This chapter introduces the research conducted up to date either theoretically or experimentally regarding vortex beam irradiance, scintillation, and other properties while propagating in turbulent mediums.
Auditory Brainstem Response with Cognitive Interference in Normal and Autism Spectrum Disorder Children - Understanding the Auditory Sensory Gating Mechanism
Authors: Aidil Arafat Dzulkarnain Ahmad , Hafizah Sulaiman Nur , Amira Shahrudin Fatin , Na’im Sidek Shahrul , Md. Yusof Hazlina , Khalid Madihah
Published: November 2021

Earlier studies disputed the influence of higher-order function such as attention or cognitive inhibition on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) result. In short, the ABR result was considered similar with or without the subject paying attention. However, in the last few years, there has been growing evidence that the higher-order function may influence the ABR findings provided the sensory gating system of the brain is triggered by any cognitive interference activities. This chapter will explain the concept of auditory sensory gating, a method to measure auditory sensory gating, and at the end of the chapter, preliminary findings concerning the ABR with cognitive interference among ten normally developing children are presented. This chapter will also share a case study that compared auditory sensory gating capacity in normal and children with mild autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Perspective Chapter: Additive Manufacturing in Customized Medical Device
Authors: Hang Bob Yung Ching , Fung Tse Lung , Fung Edmond Yau Wing , Yi Mak Sze
Published: November 2021

The long-established application of rapid prototyping in additive manufacturing (AM) has inspired a revolution in the medical industry into a new era, in which the clinical-driven development of the customized medical device is enabled. This transformation could only be sustainable if clinical concerns could be well addressed. In this work, we propose a workflow that addresses critical clinical concerns such as translation from medical needs to product innovation, anatomical conformation and execution, and validation. This method has demonstrated outstanding advantages over the traditional manufacturing approach in terms of form, function, precision, and clinical flexibility. We further propose a protocol for the validation of biocompatibility, material, and mechanical properties. Finally, we lay out a roadmap for AM-driven customized medical device innovation based on our experiences in Hong Kong, addressing problems of certification, qualification, characterization of three dimensional (3D) printed implants according to medical demands.
Genetic and Epigenetic Influences on Cutaneous Cellular Senescence
Authors: Jay Sarkar Tapash , Hermsmeier Maiko , L. Ross Jessica , Scott Herron G.
Published: November 2021

Skin is the largest human organ system, and its protective function is critical to survival. The epithelial, dermal, and subcutaneous compartments are heterogeneous mixtures of cell types, yet they all display age-related skin dysfunction through the accumulation of an altered phenotypic cellular state called senescence. Cellular senescence is triggered by complex and dynamic genetic and epigenetic processes. A senescence steady state is achieved in different cell types under various and overlapping conditions of chronological age, toxic injury, oxidative stress, replicative exhaustion, DNA damage, metabolic dysfunction, and chromosomal structural changes. These inputs lead to outputs of cell-cycle withdrawal and the appearance of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, both of which accumulate as tissue pathology observed clinically in aged skin. This review details the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors that converge on normal cutaneous cellular processes to create the senescent state, thereby dictating the response of the skin to the forces of both intrinsic and extrinsic aging. From this work, it is clear that no single biomarker or process leads to senescence, but that it is a convergence of factors resulting in an overt aging phenotype.
Oral Cancer around Dental Implants: Are the Clinical Manifestations and the Oncogenic Mechanisms Unique?
Authors: Lopes dos Santos Gabriela , Preto Alberto Kaique , Antonio Juvêncio de Freitas Filho Silas , Cristine Tjioe Kellen , Tostes Oliveira Denise
Published: November 2021

Osseointegrated implants have been an optimal treatment option for dental rehabilitation of fully or partially edentulous patients. Although peri-implantitis remains as the most common local risk factor for dental implant failure, the development of oral cancer involving the soft tissue around the titanium may lead to early implants loss and impact the quality of life of the patient negatively. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy among head and neck tumors. It has higher prevalence in men over 50 years old, and in tobacco and/or alcohol users. Unfortunately, oral cancer is often detected in advanced stages, when the treatment options are limited. Thus, OSCC typically has poor prognosis. Despite the recent advances in oral carcinogenesis understanding, the relationship between dental implants and the development of malignant lesions around them is not completely understood. It has been suggested that the titanium corrosion occurring at the top of dental implants causes the release of metal ions. These ions might lead to oral epithelial genetic damage and higher susceptibility of normal mucosa to malignant transformation. The aim of this chapter was to review the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and the possible carcinogenic mechanisms involved in oral cancer around dental implants.
Emergence of Regional Dairy Breeds
Authors: Vidu Livia , Baraitareanu Stelian
Published: November 2021

This chapter covers the regional breeds in Europe of cattle, and buffalo that supply milk to the processing industry. Local breeds are evidence of the evolution of different species in different directions of breeding. The book chapter will give a brief description of the origin and cognition of different regional and local dairy breeds, the presentation of morphological and productive characters, as well as the perspective of rearing or conservation. The development of breeds in different directions of production was achieved under the impact of environmental factors, agricultural policies and market requirements. In this context, the factors will be analyzed in correlation with the spread of breeds in different regions, respectively countries.
Complications and Solutions for Post-Operative Liposuction Deformities
Authors: W. Robb Chris , H. Gold Michael
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, the authors will review the complications associated with liposuction and laser liposuction procedures, using published reports as the guide to document these complications and deformities to the readers. In addition, the authors will also report on the use of tumescent anesthesia and the published documentation regarding safety concerns that have been presented via the use of tumescence versus general anesthesia when performing liposuction or laser liposuction. Real-world discussions also will take place in which the authors describe best treatment practices as solutions to those complications described. Liposuction and laser liposuction are wonderful procedures that have been performed for many years. Understanding and being able to identify and treat any untoward complications is extremely important to make everyone a better surgeon and a better physician.
Fuzzy Logic Control with PSO Tuning
Authors: Lopes da Silva Jeydson
Published: November 2021

Several applications of artificial intelligence in the area of control of dynamic systems have proven to be an efficient tool for process improvement. In this context, control systems based on fuzzy logic - Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) are part of a series of advances in the areas of control systems. Fuzzy control is based on natural language and therefore has the ability to make approximations closer to the real nature of the problems. The use of metaheuristic algorithms such as the particle swarm optimization (PSO) allows it to provide adequate adjustments to the fuzzy controller in an optimized manner. This technique allows to adjust the FLC in a simple way according to the performance desired by the designer, without the need for a long time of conventional tests.
Pharmacogenomics of “Core” Essential Medicines
Authors: Sello Molungoa
Published: November 2021

Pharmacogenomics uses information about a person’s genetic makeup to choose the drugs dosage regimens that are likely to work best for that particular person. The genomic research has changed the “one size fits all” approach and opened the door to more personalized approaches that consider individual genetic makeup tend to enhance the efficacy and safety of drugs; thus saving time and money. Patient DNA influences multiple steps in which the drugs interact with the body and where will the drug act in the body. Genetic makeup-based prescription, design, and implementation of therapy do not only improve the outcome of treatments, but also reduce the risk of toxicity and other adverse events. The aim of the chapter is to explore the documented pharmacogenomics of essential as per pharmacogenomic biomarkers in drug labeling; and suggest efficacy and safety modifications. Polymorphism of drug metabolizing enzymes has the greatest effect on inter individual variability of drug response; affecting the response of individuals to drugs used in the treatment of diseases. Also, genetic deficiency of some enzymes limits effectiveness of drugs in treating concerned diseases. Gene testing prior to initiating concerned treatment is the best clinical practice that to enhance the efficacy and safety of drugs.
Host-Microbial Relationship: Immune Response to Microbial Infections with or without Medication
Authors: Pappoe Faustina , Victor Nuvor Samuel
Published: November 2021

Immune responses of the host to any infectious agents vary in controlling the pathogens. The process begins by the entry of microorganisms into the host to initiate host immune response to understand the type of microorganisms and react accordingly for possible elimination of the organisms. In some cases the host co-exists with the pathogens or unable to effectively deal with them leading to disease condition. Thus, the pathogens establish, multiply and cause disease. The review considered the mode of acquisition of infection, pathogenesis and immune responses to microbial infection. Other areas included the enhancement of immune responses to control infection, immune responses of the host under drug treatment and the control of microbial infection. The understanding of the relationship between infectious microbes and the host immune system leading to protective immunity or disease state will give much information about treatment and controlling of microbial infection in our environment.
The Interaction between Dietary Components, Gut Microbiome, and Endurance Performance
Authors: Rabina Sharma Basista , P. Veeranna Ravindra
Published: November 2021

Research so far indicates that gut microbiome and diet interactions influence obesity, diabetes, host immunity, and brain function. The ability of athletes to perform to optimum for a more extended time, as well as the ability to resist, withstand, recover from, and have immunity to fatigue, injury depends on the genetic factor, age, sex, training history, psychological factors, mode, intensity and frequency of training and their interactions with the external dietary components. However, recent evidence indicates that the gut microbiome may also potentially influence the development of endurance in response to the type and composition of the external diet, including several food supplements. Thus, the gut microbiome has become another target in the athlete’s pursuit of optimal performance. This chapter discusses the effect of exercise on the gut microbiome, the interplay between dietary components and supplements on the gut microbiome, and its impact on endurance performance.
Recent Climate Shocks in the Sahel: A Systematic Review
Authors: Epule Epule Terence , Dhiba Driss , Chehbouni Abdelghani
Published: November 2021

In Africa, the Sahel is increasingly susceptible to climate shocks such as droughts, sandstorms (winds), and floods. Through a systematic review this work tracks the frequency with which these shocks are reported in the literature during the period 1975–2020. This work examines trends to identify which shocks are most reported, documenting their spatial distribution and evaluating the impacts of climatic and non-climatic drivers. In general, 388 shocks were reported in 164 relevant peer review papers. Southern Niger recorded 15.97% of all the shocks while Ethiopia and Senegal recorded 11.85% and 10.85% respectively. Also, West African Sahel saw about 49.97% of all shocks followed by East African Sahel with 29.89% and Central African Sahel with 12.11%. Generally, droughts (n = 219), appear to be the most frequently reported shocks followed by floods (n = 123) and winds (n = 46). The 1975–1985 decade recorded the most shocks (n = 207), followed by the 1997–2007 decade which saw (n = 80) shocks while between 1986 and 1996 a total of 52 shocks were recorded. 52% of the shocks are driven by climatic factors while 47% are driven by non-climatic drivers.
Impact of Working Fluids and Performance of Isobutane in the Refrigeration System
Authors: O. Banjo Solomon , O. Bolaji Bukola , O. Ajayi Oluseyi , A. Oyelaran Olatunde
Published: November 2021

The effect of heat transfer medium (HTM) on the environment is associated with ozone layer depletion and global warming. The role of HTM (working fluid) in the heating and air conditioning industries is paramount, which cannot be underestimated. The conventional refrigerant has been predominantly used over decades due to their thermodynamic properties. However, hydrocarbon refrigerants such as isobutane are considered substitutes because they have negligible global warming potential and zero ozone depletion. That makes it eco-friendly among other existing refrigerants. The investigation of the refrigeration system’s performance characteristics required consideration for the coefficient of performance, refrigerating effect, and the compressor work; this enables the determination of the system’s efficiency without any assumption. Another factor that suggests a better absorption of refrigerant (working fluid) into a refrigeration system is an increase in the coefficient of performance (COP). The effect will cause a reduction in the rate of energy consumption by the compressor. The result shows that the system’s coefficient of performance when using R600a was 27.1% higher than when working with R134a, with an energy reduction of 23.3%.
Features of Pyrolysis of Plant Biomass at Excessive Pressure
Authors: Vasilevich Sergey , Degterov Dmitry
Published: November 2021

The paper describes methods for producing charcoal (highly porous carbon materials) based on plant (wood) raw materials, and the equipment used to implement these processes, the use of activated carbons. The paper describes results of an experimental study of the effect of pressure on the formation of charcoal in the pyrolysis of birch chips. The experimental investigation was carried out at pressures of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 MPa. To investigate the effect of pressure on the pyrolysis process, a laboratory bench was designed and constructed. It was found that increasing the pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa increases the yield of charcoal from 25.1 to 32.4% by weight (relative to the dry weight of the starting material) and the carbon content from 89.1% by weight at 0.1 MPa to 96.4% by weight at 0.7 MPa. The calorific value of charcoal decreases from 34.86 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 30.23 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.7 MPa. This is due to the release of oxygen-containing components, which have a higher calorific value than pure carbon, from the porous coal structure. Reduction of the charcoal heat combustion with a decrease in the amount of oxygen-containing components confirms conclusion that their calorific value exceeds the calorific value of pure carbon.
A Review of Current Concepts in Full Arch Rehabilitation with Dental Implants
Authors: Díez-Suárez Leandro
Published: November 2021

Various causes can be responsible for tooth loss. In general, caries, periodontal disease, facial trauma, pathology of the jaws, among other causes, could lead to the loss of a tooth or a group of teeth. As a consequence, the stimuli that participate in bone maintenance are compromised and bone reduction occurs gradually, making it difficult to use conventional prostheses. Fortunately, technological advances applied to dental implantology have allowed us to perform full-arch prosthetic treatments, managing to rehabilitate the form, function, esthetics and lost self-esteem in patients with severe atrophy of the jaws. The objective of this chapter is to describe the key and current aspects in full-arch rehabilitation with dental implants.
Management and Clinical Aspects of Burned Patients Affected by SARS-COV2
Authors: Andrea Giovanni Perozzo Filippo , Pontini Alex , De Lazzari Alberto , Montanari Alvise , Valotto Giovanni , Azzena Bruno
Published: November 2021

At the end of January 2020, SARS-CoV-2 started escalating worldwide. COVID-19 can exert its effects on immunity, inflammation, and multi-organ system disease, common denominators with the burn injury. The pandemic required major efforts to Burn centres in order to preserve burn patients’ care and contribute to the health care response. In our Burn Unit we autonomously developed a protocol for patients acceptance and surveillance of the hospitalized ones and the personnel. We briefly describe our experience with six cases of burn patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 highlighting the overlap between medical treatment of burn patients and COVID-19 patients. To avoid viral spreading epidemiologic control is essential, especially preventive measures such as isolation of infected patients and identification of the source of infection. In our surgical practice, we increased the use of enzymatic debridement avoiding procedures with a high risk of viral particles spreading. Personnel protection and dedicated pathways have been planned, optimizing air circulation and disinfection. Vaccines represent the best hope for the global population to stop the viral spread, despite new variants outbreaks.
Educação Precoce: Interações Triádicas e Sistemas Semióticos
Authors: Gonçalves Lênia Márcia , Mietto Gabriela Sousa de Melo
Published: November 2021

Este estudo se propõe a analisar as interações triádicas estabelecidas na Educação Precoce, de maneira a compreender os processos semióticos do bebê pré-verbal e o papel educativo de professores nesse contexto. O referencial teórico adotado é a perspectiva pragmática do objeto, que coloca que, para a compreensão do desenvolvimento do pensamento do bebê que ainda não fala, é necessário se trazer à luz a materialidade e o uso cultural de objetos nas interações bebê-adulto-objeto. Nesse sentido, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica qualitativa com um bebê do sexo feminino, com histórico de prematuridade de 12 meses de idade cronológica, atendido na Educação Precoce, e sua professora. Os dados foram levantados com a ajuda de videogravação de uma sessão de atendimento da professora a esse bebê, com o uso de três objetos específicos. Estes dados foram analisados microgeneticamente, de modo que puderam ser observados os mediadores semióticos e os usos dos objetos empregados pela professora e pelo bebê no compartilhamento dos significados culturais subjacentes a estes sistemas. Os resultados indicam que a Educação Precoce tem um papel importante na construção dos primeiros sistemas semióticos de bebês pré-verbais, e, portanto, no processo de construção do seu pensamento, visto que é um espaço de interações triádicas intencionais, planejadas e consistentes. As práticas educativas contribuem significativamente para o ingresso de bebês na cultura e no mundo de significados, onde o professor atua como parceiro e guia.
Coensino e Educação Física escolar: intervenções voltadas à inclusão de estudantes com deficiência
Authors: Gatti Melina Radaelli , Munster Mey De Abreu van
Published: November 2021

Sob a perspectiva da educação inclusiva, a Educação Física escolar (EFE) tem procurado assegurar oportunidades de participação efetiva aos estudantes com deficiência (ECD). Todavia, o professor de Educação Física (PEF) ainda encontra muitos desafios, entre os quais destaca-se a falta de serviços de apoio à inclusão em sua área. Surge então o interesse em investigar o coensino como possibilidade de serviço de apoio ao PEF. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho centra-se em descrever e analisarintervenções por meio da aplicação do coensino com os agentes protagonistas (PEF, ECD e seus pares) enquanto serviço de apoio para promover a inclusão de ECD no contexto da EFE. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, caracterizado como pesquisa colaborativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas escolas do interior paulista. Os participantes foram três PEF, suas respectivas turmas e um professor colaborador especialista em EFE. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação sistemática. O tratamento dos dados foi baseado em análise temática e os resultados foram apresentados em casos, conforme as categorias: a) comunicação; b) coplanejamento; c) distribuição compartilhada de instrução e avaliação; d) resolução de conflito. Conclui-se que a aplicação do coensino nas aulas de Educação Física é possível e viável, considerando que esta estratégia colaborativa supriu de maneira específica as necessidades dos PEF e ECD, favorecendo a inclusão no contexto estudado.
Survivorship, Version 1.2021
Authors: Tevaarwerk Amye , Denlinger Crystal S. , Sanft Tara , Ansbaugh Shannon M. , Armenian Saro , Baker K. Scott , Broderick Gregory , Day Andrew , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Dickinson Kristin , Friedman Debra L. , Ganz Patricia , Goldman Mindy , Henry Norah Lynn , Hill-Kayser Christine , Hudson Melissa , Khakpour Nazanin , Koura Divya , McDonough Allison L. , Melisko Michelle , Mooney Kathi , Moore Halle C.F. , Moryl Natalie , Moslehi Javid J. , O’Connor Tracey , Overholser Linda , Paskett Electra D. , Patel Chirayu , Peterson Lindsay , Pirl William , Rodriguez M. Alma , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Schapira Lidia , Shockney Lillie , Smith Sophia , Syrjala Karen L. , Zee Phyllis , McMillian Nicole R. , Freedman-Cass Deborah A.
Published: November 2021

The NCCN Guidelines for Survivorship are intended to help healthcare professionals working with cancer survivors to ensure that each survivor’s complex and varied needs are addressed. The Guidelines provide screening, evaluation, and treatment recommendations for consequences of adult-onset cancer and its treatment; recommendations to help promote healthful lifestyle behaviors, weight management, and immunizations in survivors; and a framework for care coordination. This article summarizes the recommendations regarding employment and return to work for cancer survivors that were added in the 2021 version of the NCCN Guidelines.
Updates in HER2-Positive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
Authors: Telli Melinda L. , Gradishar William J.
Published: November 2021

The recent approval of 4 agents for the treatment of patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer has led to expanded recommendations in the NCCN Guidelines for treatment of this disease. For triple-negative disease, immunotherapy continues to gain traction in this challenging subtype, both in the preoperative and metastatic settings, though not yet as adjuvant treatment. Sacituzumab govitecan is another new agent with strong utility in triple-negative disease, and PARP inhibitors are recommended options in BRCA-mutated disease.
Supportive Care in Head and Neck Cancers: Multidisciplinary Management
Authors: Caudell Jimmy J. , Pfister David G. , Weber Randal S.
Published: November 2021

Patients with head and neck cancer experience a broad array of negative quality-of-life issues, but particularly common are dental complications following radiation therapy, and compromised nutrition with significant weight loss. At the NCCN 2021 Virtual Annual Conference, a panel of experts used a case-based approach to discuss some of these common adverse effects of head and neck cancer and its treatment, as well as optimal supportive care strategies to manage them.
Advanced Thyroid Carcinoma: Evolving Systemic Therapy Options
Authors: Wirth Lori J.
Published: November 2021

Although multikinase inhibitors are established therapies in advanced thyroid cancers, treatment-related adverse events can lead to dose reductions and discontinuations, thereby limiting the effectiveness of these treatments. Gene‐specific treatments have emerged as new standard-of-care therapies, and continue to demonstrate efficacy and improved tolerability, although genotyping is needed to identify patients that would benefit from these therapies and more education is needed in regard to the optimal use of these novel agents. Additionally, the emergence of acquired resistance has become a new problem in the field.
Keynote Session: Effects of the Pandemic on Cancer Care/Future Directions of Cancer Care
Authors: Bachman James E. , Slusser Kim , Varghese Thomas K. , Wagner Andrew , Kubal moderated by Timothy
Published: November 2021

A panel of experts in healthcare administration and delivery convened virtually during the NCCN 2021 Virtual Annual Conference to discuss the effects of the pandemic on cancer care and what the future may hold. The discussion ranged from the effects of the pandemic on screening and the implications of missing early cancers to the challenges of telemedicine, the future delivery of more in-home services, and burnout among healthcare workers as hospitals and cancer centers work to rebuild for the future.
Response to Trastuzumab and Lapatinib in a Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Harboring HER2 Amplification and HER2 S310F Mutation
Authors: Wang Chongkai , Fakih Marwan
Published: November 2021

Dual HER2-targeted therapy has been associated with clinical responses and prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in RAS-wild type HER2-amplified colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no clinical benefits have been reported in patients with CRC with HER2 mutations. Activated HER2 mutations have been largely deemed resistant to trastuzumab and to dual HER2 targeting. This report describes a patient with metastatic CRC with concurrent HER2 amplification and a HER2 S310F mutation, which is an active mutation located in the extracellular dimerization domain of HER2. Treatment with trastuzumab + lapatinib resulted in an excellent response that lasted for 10 months. Upon disease progression, treatment with the antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab–deruxtecan resulted in a short-lived response. This is the first case report of successful HER2 targeting in metastatic CRC with concurrent HER2 amplification and a HER2 S310F mutation.
Experiencias de familias en pobreza en el sur de Mérida, Yucatán (México). Explorando posibilidades del Trabajo Social en el contexto neoliberal
Authors: Montejo Murillo Silvia
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la pobreza desde las experiencias de dos familias de la colonia Emiliano Zapata Sur II de Mérida Yucatán, con la finalidad de contribuir al quehacer del Trabajo Social desde una perspectiva humanista. El análisis mantuvo un enfoque cualitativo que se colocó dentro de un paradigma interpretativo y se apoyó de un método fenomenológico. Se utilizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observación participante para obtener durante dos años los datos primarios. Entre los principales resultados se encuentran que los jefes de familia, son quienes palían la pobreza a través de su ingreso y liderazgo. Asimismo, existe un estigma sobre la colonia que la cataloga como “pobre” que influye en su condición. De igual forma, a pesar de que la familia es un sistema, cada miembro experimenta la pobreza de forma particular, necesitando más o menos recursos y satisfactores. Se recomienda para futuras investigaciones, tomar en consideración la “forma de pensar y de vivir” de la familia y de cada integrante, uno de los mayores retos al que el Trabajo Social se enfrenta desde todos sus campos de diagnóstico e intervención, dada la elevada población y la limitación de sus recursos como profesional dentro y fuera de las instituciones.

The main objective of this research was to analyze poverty from the experiences of two families from the Emiliano Zapata Sur II neighborhood of Mérida Yucatán, in order to contribute to the work of Social Work from a humanistic perspective. The analysis maintained a qualitative approach that was placed within an interpretive paradigm and was supported by a phenomenological method. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were used to obtain the primary data for two years. Among the main results are that the heads of the family are those who alleviate poverty through their income and leadership. Likewise, there is a stigma on the colony that classifies it as “poor” that influences its condition. Similarly, despite the fact that the family is a system, each member experiences poverty in a particular way, requiring more or less resources and satisfiers. It is recommended for future research to take into consideration the “way of thinking and living” of the family and of each member, one of the greatest challenges that Social Work faces from all its fields of diagnosis and intervention, given the high population and the limitation of their resources as a professional inside and outside the institutions.
IoT device cybersecurity guidance for the federal government :
Authors: Fagan Michael , Megas Katerina , Marron Jeffrey , Link Eric , Brady Kevin , Cuthill Barbara , Herold Rebecca , Lemire David , Hoehn Brad
Published: November 2021

This publication provides a catalog of internet of things (IoT) device cybersecurity capabilities (i.e., features and functions needed from a device to support security controls) and non-technical supporting capabilities (i.e., actions and support needed from device manufacturers and other supporting entities to support security controls) that can help organizations as they use Special Publication (SP) 800-213 to determine and establish device cybersecurity requirements. This catalog cross references the capabilities in the catalog to the cybersecurity controls in NIST SP 800-53. Organizations should refer to SP 800-213 as that publication provides necessary context to effectively use this catalog and related material.
Construyendo la polarización a través del discurso político. Análisis del uso de claves periféricas en la retórica del presidente mexicano López Obrador
Authors: Muñiz Carlos
Published: November 2021

Desde su llegada a la presidencia de México en 2018, López Obrador ha establecido una estrategia comunicativa focalizada en sus conferencias de prensa diarias, denominadas “mañaneras”, a través de las que busca establecer la agenda informativa del país. Es habitual que en ellas el presidente utilice una retórica discursiva tendente a la polarización, para lo que se sirve del uso de claves o etiquetas que ofrecen un contexto para comprender los asuntos sobre los que se pronuncia. El artículo busca analizar el uso de etiquetas o claves por el presidente en su discurso, para lo que se realizó un análisis de contenido cuantitativo de una muestra de sus intervenciones (N = 867) durante un año en las “mañaneras”. Los hallazgos permitieron detectar dos esquemas discursivos a partir de la convergencia de diferentes claves: uno que tiende a presentar un “Nosotros” visualizado en un esquema de nuevo gobierno, vinculado con aspectos positivos como el compromiso o la lucha contra la corrupción, frente a un “Otros” que presenta al anterior gobierno, vinculado a aspectos negativos como la corrupción.
Nuevos líderes, ¿nuevos discursos? El discurso en twitter de Andrés Arauz durante la campaña electoral de Ecuador (2021)
Authors: Chavero Palmira
Published: November 2021

La irrupción de las redes sociales ha venido a modificar no sólo los hábitos de consumo de información, sino también los propios procesos políticos y electorales. En este marco, y atendiendo a las propias características de la información digital, los discursos políticos se han visto asimismo afectados al tener que adaptarse a los nuevos formatos. Todo ello, en un contexto de creciente personalización de la política y, además, en un período en el que conviven liderazgos populistas con otros emergentes. En este trabajo realizamos un análisis del discurso del candidato presidencial Andrés Arauz en redes sociales (twitter) durante la primera vuelta de la campaña electoral ecuatoriana de 2021. Esto permite identificar si el nuevo y joven líder del movimiento correísta comparte los rasgos populistas de su antecesor y, además, conocer cuáles son las características que construyen su discurso. Los resultados muestran que el discurso en redes de Arauz no tiene rasgos populistas y que se caracteriza por tener un tono sofisticado, construido a partir de tres campos: la esperanza, las propuestas de campaña y la crisis política.
Masculinidad, cuerpo y nación en la comunicación visual de Santiago Abascal (Vox) en Instagram en 2020. Análisis de la imagen del ámbito privado en su cuenta personal
Authors: Del Castillo Aira Itxaso , Iturbe Tolosa Andoni
Published: November 2021

En un contexto de celebrificación y fenómeno fandom en la política, las redes sociales juegan un papel determinante. La influencia de los medios de comunicación ha acercado, desde finales del siglo pasado, la política a la cultura de la fama, lo que ha provocado la personalización de la política y la emergencia de políticos-estrella. Este proceso, que se ha denominado celebrificación, debe reunir dos dinámicas en teoría contrapuestas: construir al candidato como un personaje extraordinario y, simultáneamente, ser un individuo ‘normal y corriente”. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la construcción de la imagen de Santiago Abascal en Instagram, principalmente en su ámbito privado. Nuestra propuesta parte de la hipótesis de que el líder de VOX transmite una forma de masculinidad asociada a atributos como la fuerza, la disciplina, la dureza, la potencia y la paternidad con referencias castrenses.

La propuesta analiza las fotografías de su cuenta personal de Instagram de 2020 y la metodología se basa en el análisis de contenido. Primero, se extraen unos resultados tras la aplicación de una plantilla de codificación. Posteriormente, realizamos un análisis textual de las imágenes y detectamos los atributos principales (masculinidad, territorialidad, hiperliderazgo y defensa). La cuenta de Santiago Abascal en Instagram construye una imagen concreta de nación encarnada en la proyección hipermasculina del cuerpo de su líder. Abascal se (auto)representa en clave de hiperliderazgo e hipermasculinidad y crea un apego emocional alrededor de su figura dentro de su comunidad hasta considerarlo “uno de los nuestros”.
Emociones y engagement en los mensajes digitales de los candidatos a las elecciones generales de 2019
Authors: Jaráiz Gulías Erika , Rivera Otero José Manuel , Lagares Diez Nieves , López López Paulo Carlos
Published: November 2021

Las redes sociales se han convertido en los últimos años en una importante plataforma de comunicación a través de la que los candidatos promueven el compromiso político de sus electores. Una de las variables que podría influir en esa capacidad de generar engagement a través de las redes sociales es la utilización de mensajes con una importante carga emocional, tanto positiva como negativa. Nuestra investigación tiene como objetivo profundizar en el análisis de dicha relación entre el compromiso político y las emociones en las redes sociales, mediante el Análisis de Sentimientos en los tweets de los principales candidatos en las elecciones generales de abril y noviembre de 2019 en España. Para ello recurrimos a la técnica de extracción de textos y su análisis con el software Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), poniendo en relación el nivel de presencia de emociones positivas y negativas, con el nivel de compromiso alcanzado por los candidatos durante la campaña electoral. Nuestro análisis contribuye a demostrar la existencia de relación entre la carga emocional del discurso en las redes sociales y el nivel de engagement que genera, aunque este parece estar mediatizado además por la agenda política y la estrategia de campaña de los partidos. Comprobamos además que la relación entre discurso emocional y engagement hacia un líder no es exclusivamente endógena, sino que puede obedecer también a elementos exógenos debido a la presencia de comunidades digitales compartidas.
SYNTHESIS OF ZnO-Аg NANOPARTICLES BY SOL-GEL METHOD
Authors: Janković Savka , Milisavić Dragana , Okolić Tanja , Jelić Dijana
Published: November 2021

Zinc oxide is a highly applicable semiconductor material. Wide applica-tion of this nanomaterial is connected to wide spectrum of energy band gap, high bond en-ergy, great thermal conductivity, but also with its non-toxicity, antibacterial activity, bio-compatibility and biodegradability characteristics. The aim of this paper is synthesis and characterization of silver doped ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO:Ag NP) using sol-gel method. Ob-tained samples of silver doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by following tech-niques: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/VIS spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spec-troscopy (EDX). Efficiency of provided synthesis method was examined by FTIR spectros-copy. XRD determined the purity and crystallinity, and wurtzite structure of synthesized material. Surface morphology and the effect of doping were examined using SEM and EDX characterization methods. Results showed better conductivity after doping ZnO nanoparti-cles with silver. SEM micrographs showed ZnO:Ag NP in the form of nanorods with a par-ticle average size of 6 nm.
THE DISPERSION-FLOCCULATION BEHAVIOUR OF THE NATURAL RAW CLAY SAMPLES FROM OMARSKA MINE
Authors: Tankosić Ljiljana , Sredić Svjetlana , Tančić Pavle , Nedić Zoran
Published: November 2021

In present paper, studied were the dispersion-flocculation behaviour of the primary natural raw „clay samples” from Omarska mine (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Namely, our previous results showed that during the processing of iron ore in the Omarska mine, large quantities of fine sized (15μm) waste sludge, with relatively high Fe concentrations, were generated. Sludge samples are composed of major goethite and quartz, less clay minerals, and minor magnetite and todorokite. Selective flocculation is one of the methods that can be applied for the separation of fine class iron minerals from impurities and depends on the individual components of the sludge and their behaviour. This paper presents part of the research of the individual components of the sludge. The „clay samples” are composed of major quartz and clay minerals, which dominate over minor contents of feldspars, amphiboles, goethite and hematite. The clay minerals were identified as mostly illite-sericite which prevails over kaolinite, and with chlorites which appears only sporadically. The dispersion-flocculation behaviour was studied by settling and flocculation experiments and Zeta potential measurements. A three different dispersants (sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium-pyrophosphate and sodiumsilicate), and anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculants were used. It was established that the best results were achieved with sodium-hexametaphosphate (1000 g/t) and anionic A100 PAM.