bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chatbot Telegram Menggunakan Natural Language Processing
Authors: Furqan Mhd , Sriani Sriani , Shidqi Muhammad Naufal
Published: September 2023

Media sosial dapat membantu  dalam kehidupan sehari-hari untuk berkomunikasi dan mengobrol tanpa batas jarak. Poltekpar memiliki website yang menyediakan informasi tentang tes masuk universitas dan Frequently Ask Question (FAQ) yang bertujuan membantu mahasiswa baru menemukan informasi terkait pendaftaran di Poltekpar. Untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik, Poltekpar harus memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik pada calon mahasiswa. Pelayanan yang sebelumnya menggunakan FAQ memiliki kendala tidak dapat menjawab secara cepat, sehingga dinilai kurang efisien, maka akan lebih mudah dengan adanya Chatbot yang dapat menjawab pertanyaan secara realtime. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall yang memiliki empat tahap yaitu analysis, design, coding dan testing dan menggunakan teknik pengujian aplikasi User Acceptance Testing (UAT). Dalam penelitian ini melakukan proses pembuatan sistem dengan menggunakan metode Natural Language Processing (NLP) yang diterapkan pada sistem yang dibangun dengan Telegram Messenger dan bahasa pemrograman Python. Hasil Chatbot yang diuji mendapat nilai persentase sebesar 94%. Hasil ini menunjukkan sistem Chatbot sangat layak dan efektif dalam membantu mahasiswa memperoleh informasi yang dibutuhkan.
Nitrogen removal from landfill leachate
Authors: Singh Ankit , Dash Rajesh Roshan
Published: September 2023

Population growth, urbanization, and industrialization are the significant factors responsible for generating massive waste worldwide. The generation of solid waste leads to an adverse impact on environment security as well as human health. Solid waste management is required to minimize environmental drawbacks. Sanitary landfill is considered an ultimate disposal method, commonly adopted for solid waste management. However, landfill gas and leachate generation have gained social and environmental concerns. The production of leachate from the percolation of rainfall into a landfill is one of the major concerns. To meet discharge permit criteria, reducing the ammonia concentration in landfill leachate is usually necessary. Among the contaminants found in landfill leachate is ammonia-nitrogen (NH3–N), which is of particular concern due to its high concentration. It is typically essential to treat landfill leachate to eliminate ammonia nitrogen (free ammonia and dissolved organic nitrogen) because large quantities are known to have detrimental effects on waterways and the leachate treatment process. This chapter deals with the technologies adopted for nitrogen removal from landfill leachate. Biological, physical, and chemical treatments can reduce nitrogen content. However, choosing any of these treatment methods is subjective. Therefore, this chapter discusses the treatment methods for nitrogen removal and their drawbacks and suggests that treatment efficiencies, system cost, and environmental impacts are considered while proposing a suitable treatment method or combination of treatment methods for nitrogen removal from landfill leachate.
Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste with landfill leachate
Authors: Ozgun Hale , Cengiz Ali Izzet , Cicekalan Busra , Zhang Xuedong , Ersahin Mustafa Evren
Published: September 2023

Anaerobic digestion (AD), which is considered to be a viable method of disposing of organic wastes, is a favorable technology to biologically convert organic waste into energy. Landfill leachate, a major organic waste stream, can be reliably treated through the AD process in which both pollution control and energy recovery can be achieved simultaneously. Food waste (FW) is an easily biodegradable substrate for AD with high carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and moderate moisture content. Although FW can be converted into useful bioenergy in the form of methane through the AD process, sole AD of FW has several challenges, including volatile fatty acids inhibition, trace elements deficiency, and poor digestate dewaterability. Compared to mono-digestion of these substrates, co-digestion of FW with landfill leachate provides better treatment performance and is expected to provide better nutrient balance and biogas production, since the high ammonia nitrogen concentration in landfill leachate could enhance the buffering ability of the AD process that ensures the stable operation of AD. Besides, landfill leachate having rich trace elements could improve the nutrient balance for AD bacteria. Co-digestion of FW with landfill leachate could promote refractory organics degradation. Moreover, the divalent cations in the leachate could improve the dewaterability of the digestate and facilitate the subsequent treatment of liquid and solid digestates. Co-digestion of FW with landfill leachate has the potential to greatly increase biogas yield owing to these synergistic effects. Hence, co-digestion of FW with landfill leachate can be considered as a feasible and promising approach.
Electrochemical treatment of landfill leachate
Authors: Arhoun Brahim , Villen-Guzman Maria , Rodriguez-Maroto Jose Miguel , Paz-Garcia Juan Manuel
Published: September 2023

A significant municipal solid waste is managed by disposition in a landfill. This kind of management system makes producing leachate with toxic characteristics unavoidable. Landfill leachate is a potential pollutant source containing several types of organic and inorganic pollutants that can induce risk toward public health and ecosystems if they are not appropriately treated. Among the parameter affecting the landfill leachate, the age of the landfill is considered to be a determinant factor controlling the leachate composition. Conventionally, the leachate has been treated by an individual or combination of biological, physical, and chemical methods. Recently, electrochemical methods have paid particular attention to the treatments of landfill leachate, presenting high efficacy for the degradation of refractory compounds. Electrochemical methods offer several advantages: small space requirement, short treatment time, low requirements of chemical reagents, and easy automation. Electrochemical methods commonly used for the treatment of landfill leachates are: electro-oxidation, electro-coagulation, and electro-Fenton. Each of these methods can be affected by different parameters. Commonly, electrochemical processes are influenced by several operating parameters such as electrode material and design, the inter-distance between electrodes, treatment time, initial pH value and conductivity of the solution, applied current density, mixing and electrolytes added. The electrochemical process can also be combined with biological and physicochemical processes as pre-treatment or post-treatment to enhance the treatment of landfill leachate.
Modeling and optimization of hybrid leachate treatment processes and scale-up of the process
Authors: Naves Fabiano Luiz , Quintão Cristiane Medina Finzi , de Souza Amaral Mateus , Lofrano Renata Carolina Zanetti , França Alexandre Boscaro , Santos da Silva José Izaquiel , Nascimento de Oliveira Clarissa , Januário de Melo Edilailsa
Published: September 2023

Optimized models of landfill leachate processes that could lead to the production of fuel oils from the pyrolysis of plastics and cultivation of microalgae can be highly efficient and have sustainable activities. Studies using advanced oxidation processes in combination with biological processes showed to be efficient in treating leachate. The complexity of this type of waste, as well as the continuous modification of its properties due to local seasonality, prevents kinetic and thermodynamic studies to predict the steady state at the final disposal. Environmental management systems using Lean Six Sigma accompanied by process modeling and optimization tools, whether statistical or computational, generate reliable models. These models can reproduce reductions in contaminants by confirming the initial conditions of each leachate enabling the scale-up of the process. This chapter provides data survey, types of treatment, and models linked to optimization tools in wastewater decontamination processes from municipal solid waste. Also, this chapter includes the synthesis and proposal for treatment and management of the classification of garbage until the generation of leachate, aiming to contribute to future research in the area of leachate treatment.
Landfill leachate management
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Ali Muntjeer , Zargar Nehaun , Tyagi Vinay Kumar , Kazmi Absar Ahmad , Ojha C. S. P.
Published: September 2023

Landfill leachate management is a critical aspect of waste management, as it involves the collection and treatment of liquids that form when rainwater and other liquids seep through solid waste in landfills which can pose a threat to the environment and public health if not properly managed. Landfill leachate management involves the use of various technologies to treat the liquid that seeps through waste in landfills. Some common technologies include physical treatment such as screening, sedimentation, and filtration; chemical treatment which involves adding chemicals to stabilize and neutralize the leachate; biological treatment which uses microorganisms to break down organic matter; evaporation/incineration which reduces the volume of leachate; and membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration which remove impurities. The most effective technology or combination of technologies depend on the characteristics of the leachate and local regulations. In some cases, a combination of technologies may be required to adequately treat the leachate and achieve the desired level of treatment. This chapter provides an overview of the sources and composition of landfill leachate, its potential impacts, and the current state of treatment methods. The chapter highlights the importance of proper leachate management and the need for continued research and development of innovative treatment technologies to improve the environmental performance of landfills.
Using bacteria and benthic macroinvertebrates as water quality parameters in Mat River, Albania
Authors: Hamzaraj Etleva , Lazo Pranvera , Paparisto Anila , Parllaku Brikena
Published: September 2023

This research examines the quality of Mat River water to control and reduce the level of environmental pollution in accordance with national rules and regulations. The focus of this study was the assessment of river water quality by using bacteria and benthic macroinvertebrates, as biological markers of stream water quality. The research was conducted from June 2018 to June 2019 at five sampling sites along the Mat River, with monthly sampling for chemical-physical and microbiological parameters and seasonal sampling for benthic macroinvertebrates. The investigated data for the studied parameters were statistically analysed using MINITAB 19 software. The variation in spatial and temporal trends of the investigated parameters showed differences in water quality among different sampling sites. The bacterial load was found to be higher near urban areas, and the pollution increased with the river course. The same tendency in water quality showed up even in the benthic macroinvertebrates population. Pearson correlation coefficients (p > 0.05) between the water quality data revealed the similarity and the associations between parameters. Cluster analysis of the investigated parameters revealed the classification of Mat River water quality and the possibility of using microbiological parameters and/or benthic macroinvertebrates for the assessment of water quality.
Development of Upper Euphrates Basin hydro-economic model and hydropower generation optimization
Authors: Aytac Ayca , Tuna M. Cihat , Dogan Mustafa Sahin
Published: September 2023

Hydro-economic optimization models are common in hydropower reservoir modeling to aid system operators and planners. In these models, operations are driven by the economic value and constrained by the availability of water. The objective is to either minimize total costs or maximize total benefits. In this study, a hydro-economic optimization model for the integrated reservoir system of the Upper Euphrates Basin, with major tributaries providing water flow to the Euphrates River, is introduced. These model the 10 large-scale reservoirs of the basin with a total installed capacity of 3,255 MW. Water management and hydropower decision-making operations are evaluated with a piecewise linear programming algorithm in monthly time steps using a 45-year historical hydrology between 1971 and 2016. The model aims to maximize hydropower revenue over a long-term time horizon with energy prices varying by month. Reservoir storage and turbine release decisions are optimized for multiple hydropower plants connected in serial or parallel. Hydropower generation, revenue, reservoir storage, capacity ratios and generation reliability results are analyzed. Results show that these hydropower plants generate about 9,481 Gigawatt hour (GWh) of energy with an average turbine capacity use of 36% and obtain a revenue of 620 million $ per year.
Water resource optimization bi-level coupling model and carrying capacity of a typical plateau basin based on interval uncertainty stochastic programming
Authors: Ge Qiang , Wang Liying
Published: September 2023

The bi-level programming coupling model of uncertainty constraints and interval parameter programming is developed to optimize the allocation of water resources and conduct a comprehensive analysis of water resource carrying capacity. The model uses an uncertainty credibility number set and interval value to deal with uncertain factors, and analyses the water resources allocation of Longchuan River in central Yunnan. The competition mechanism and polynomial variation improved algorithm are used to analyze the water consumption, economic benefits and satisfaction in different planning periods when λ = 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0. The results show that the uncertain bi-level coupling model can cause changes in water allocation, pollutant discharge, system efficiency, etc., and can also effectively balance the mutual constraints between economic benefits and environmental pollution discharge, ensuring a good development trend in the planning year. The water diversion from other basins such as the Central Yunnan Water Diversion Project was transferred to Longchuan River Basin to increase the water supply, and the carrying capacity was further improved, with an increase of water resources by 25.9%. The model research has certain practical and strategic significance for maintaining the sustainable development of the ecological environment in the Longchuan River Basin
Lasers in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Hossein Ramezani Gholam , Mirzaei Alireza , Bagheri Anahita
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the desire of Dental Clinicians and patients to use lasers for
the treatment of Dental conditions has increased. Knowledge of laser functions and
biological features of oral tissues is crucial for understanding the effect of dental lasers.
Choosing a suitable dental laser for different tissues effectively reduces tissue damage.
Other types of lasers are used in dentistry, which effectively treats lesions by providing
innovative and minimally invasive treatments that also have biostimulation, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. Among lasers, erbium lasers, being less invasive
and having caries removal properties, have been optimally considered in pediatric
dentistry. Lasers in children can also have efficient antiseptic effects on vital and non-vital pulp therapies of primary teeth.
One of the most common oral problems in children is dental trauma. Laser-based
therapies can significantly reduce pain and surgical problems. Laser therapy is a
suitable and valuable treatment strategy in children despite surgery problems and
provides practical health solutions. Findings have shown that different lasers, based on
their wavelength, can cause incisions on the soft and hard tissues of the mouth and
teeth in the form of various mechanisms such as vaporisation or ablation, and these
effects vary according to the wavelength used; however, choosing an infrared laser
allows the dentist to better interact with specific targets such as gums, mucous
membranes, and mouth injuries. This chapter examines the critical effects of lasers in
pediatric dentistry.
Genetic Aspect of Dental Diseases
Authors: Thomas Abi M. , Gupta Niraja , Kabra Madulika , Goyal Prachi
Published: September 2023

Genetics is the study of genes at all levels from molecules to populations.
Common dental diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease and malocclusion
are influenced by environmental factors. However, even in these diseases, the genetic
aspects that influence the degree of susceptibility should not be overlooked. Dental
practitioners would find value in understanding the genetic contribution to caries risk
as they would be able to explain to patients that some forms of decay are more strongly
associated with inherited risk and these patients could be monitored more closely and
provided with more aggressive preventive programs.
The Setting of a Pediatric Dental Clinic
Authors: Thosar Nilima , Goyal Prachi
Published: September 2023

Pediatric Dental Clinic should be colourful and pleasantly full of colours and
lights. Pediatric patients should like the ambit of the environment. So, the setup of a
Pediatric dental clinic should consider the interests and likes of pediatric patients. The
clinic should have designated areas for the clinical work of patients. There should be a
separate clinical area, waiting area, and play area.
In_Visibilizing Stress: Refugee Tales as a Counter-Apparatus
Authors: Mieszkowski Sylvia
Published: September 2023

This article claims that the UK immigration complex is best understood as an apparatus (in the sense of Foucault and Agamben) that uses stress as a tool. It further argues that the Refugee Tales project acts as a counter-apparatus, and that the project’s life writing branch makes visible the many roles which stress plays in the context of immigration legislation. Stress researchers in the humanities maintain that poverty is one of the greatest stressors (Baker), that cutting people off from their material and mental resources is the most effective way to produce stress (Hobfoll), and that disturbing established rhythms of stress and relaxation can lead to ‘zombification’ (Korovkin/Stephenson). Selected pieces of life writing by women and men in the four volumes of Refugee Tales published to date, shed light on how stress manifests for people caught up in the immigration apparatus. They do so by demonstrating how narrative can i) be a source of stress, ii) trigger stress originally caused by something else, iii) represent stress, iv) perform, v) communicate, but also vi) alleviate it. By visibilizing what the immigration apparatus keeps from view, the analysed pieces of life writing contribute to Refugee Tales’ overall goal of putting an end to indefinite detention in the UK.
Public health in the post COVID-19 pandemic and mental health onslaught: Social isolation based on a biopsychosocial approach
Authors: Selamat Taufiqnur , Bakar Azlina Abu , Ibrahim R. Zirwatul Aida R. , Dagang Mazidah Mohd , Bakar Noor Insyiraah Abu , Saputra Jumadil
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled profound deficiencies in global mental health care and prevention, posing a disproportionate threat to public health worldwide. Social isolation, a consequence of the pandemic, has strained the boundaries of human cooperation, giving rise to a spectrum of mental health challenges including stress, fear, grief, anxiety, and depression. This research empirically investigates the concept of social distance concerning individuals with mental health conditions while considering biopsychosocial determinants, notably social media influence and attitudes. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a sample comprising 424 students from public universities along the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The findings reveal that attitudes towards mental health and the influence of social media play substantial roles in predicting social distance from individuals with mental health conditions. These predictive factors contribute significantly, accounting for up to 10.6% of the variance in social isolation. The consequences of social distance encompass a broad spectrum, ranging from heightened fear and anxiety to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorders rooted in the fear of social rejection. A biopsychosocial framework emerges as the most comprehensive approach to understanding the intricate interplay of these multifaceted factors.
Chair Fitness Program for Improved Strength and Physical Function for Older Adults: A Pilot Comparative Effectiveness Study
Authors: Lewis Zakkoyya H. , Harrison Ryan N. , Clocksin Brian D. , Auslander Alexandra T. , Killick Lara
Published: September 2023

Within the US, people are experiencing longer life expectancy, yet these extended lifespans have not necessarily translated into years living in good health. Musculoskeletal degenerative diseases are particularly prevalent amongst older adults. Research shows that regular resistance exercise carries preventive health benefits to combat these conditions. This study evaluated the impact of an innovative hand-held device (OYO) on the physical function of older adults compared to a traditional chair fitness program (CF) and no exercise control (CG). Participants (n = 48) were 60 years old and older, retirement community residents with no current history of chronic conditions, who possessed the ability to follow guided exercise. Participants elected to the OYO, CF or CG groups. The exercise program was 45 minutes, twice a week for 9 weeks. The CF group used standard gym equipment while the OYO group utilized a hand-held device capable of multi-planar movements and varying resistance. Various pre-post measures of physical function were recorded. Preliminary data suggests that there was a significant positive difference between the study group for biceps strength test F(2, 39) = 3.49 p = 0.04, h2 = 0.15), 30-second chair stand (F(2, 37) = 3.60, p = 0.04, h2 = 0.16) and a 2-min step test (F(2, 39) = 3.27 p = 0.05, h2 = 0.14). A Tukey-HSD test showed a positive trending, however, not significant effect for 30-second chair stand and latissimus strength test (p = 0.08 and 0.06, respectively) between the OYO and CF groups. The two groups had equivocal post-intervention results on all other measures. In conclusion, our results suggest this hand-held device is as or more efficacious as a traditional resistance program that utilizes several pieces of equipment. Widespread adoption of this device could reduce program costs and improve access to quality fitness opportunities for older adults.
Construction of an Emotional Lexicon of Patients With Breast Cancer: Development and Sentiment Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Li Chaixiu , Fu Jiaqi , Lai Jie , Sun Lijun , Zhou Chunlan , Li Wenji , Jian Biao , Deng Shisi , Zhang Yujie , Guo Zihan , Liu Yusheng , Zhou Yanni , Xie Shihui , Hou Mingyue , Wang Ru , Chen Qinjie , Wu Yanni
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

The innovative method of sentiment analysis based on an emotional lexicon shows prominent advantages in capturing emotional information, such as individual attitudes, experiences, and needs, which provides a new perspective and method for emotion recognition and management for patients with breast cancer (BC). However, at present, sentiment analysis in the field of BC is limited, and there is no emotional lexicon for this field. Therefore, it is necessary to construct an emotional lexicon that conforms to the characteristics of patients with BC so as to provide a new tool for accurate identification and analysis of the patients’ emotions and a new method for their personalized emotion management.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to construct an emotional lexicon of patients with BC.

METHODS

Emotional words were obtained by merging the words in 2 general sentiment lexicons, the Chinese Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (C-LIWC) and HowNet, and the words in text corpora acquired from patients with BC via Weibo, semistructured interviews, and expressive writing. The lexicon was constructed using manual annotation and classification under the guidance of Russell’s valence-arousal space. Ekman’s basic emotional categories, Lazarus’ cognitive appraisal theory of emotion, and a qualitative text analysis based on the text corpora of patients with BC were combined to determine the fine-grained emotional categories of the lexicon we constructed. Precision, recall, and the F1-score were used to evaluate the lexicon’s performance.

RESULTS

The text corpora collected from patients in different stages of BC included 150 written materials, 17 interviews, and 6689 original posts and comments from Weibo, with a total of 1,923,593 Chinese characters. The emotional lexicon of patients with BC contained 9357 words and covered 8 fine-grained emotional categories: joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise, somatic symptoms, and BC terminology. Experimental results showed that precision, recall, and the F1-score of positive emotional words were 98.42%, 99.73%, and 99.07%, respectively, and those of negative emotional words were 99.73%, 98.38%, and 99.05%, respectively, which all significantly outperformed the C-LIWC and HowNet.

CONCLUSIONS

The emotional lexicon with fine-grained emotional categories conforms to the characteristics of patients with BC. Its performance related to identifying and classifying domain-specific emotional words in BC is better compared to the C-LIWC and HowNet. This lexicon not only provides a new tool for sentiment analysis in the field of BC but also provides a new perspective for recognizing the specific emotional state and needs of patients with BC and formulating tailored emotional management plans.
The Utility of a Smartphone-Based Retinal Imaging Device as a Screening Tool in an Outpatient Clinic Setting: Protocol for Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Mittal Ajay , Robles Rafael
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Glaucoma, a disease leading to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, results in changes to the optic nerve head that are often diagnosed late when visual problems arise. Digital ophthalmoscopes have emerged as a technology that utilizes smartphone cameras with an attachment on the lens to visualize the retina and optic nerve head without the need for dilation. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the difference between still images and 30-second video analysis of the funduscopic captures from the D-EYE, digital ophthalmoscope, to determine what modality is most effective for clinicians to utilize as a glaucoma screening tool.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy in ocular disease screening using the D-EYE Smartphone-based Retinal Imaging System. The goal is to identify if this new instrument will be a cost-effective, accessible alternative to traditional retinal fundus camera imaging which requires an on-site ophthalmologist, and high cost equipment.

METHODS

The randomized pilot study enrolled 110 patients receiving an eye care exam at University of Florida Health from February 2019 to February 2020 to assess the utility of the D-EYE device in capturing still images and 30-second videos of the retina/optic nerve from both eyes in each participant. Study participants completed a survey to gather demographics and past medical history data with a particular focus on known eye health. Images were reviewed by 5 ophthalmology residents with inter-rater reliability analysis performed to assess findings.

RESULTS

One hundred and ten persons were enrolled into this study while receiving routine eye care at University of Florida Health (Gainesville, FL, USA). The pilot study indicated greater visualizability and clarity after ophthalmology resident review through 30-second videos of retinal imaging compared to still image ophthalmic capture.. Furthermore, the cup-to-disc measurement was more reliably measured in the 30-second video group due to greater visualizability and clarity in the imaging captures. Additionally, likelihood of referral between the glaucomatous and healthy sample groups indicated a greater sensitivity of digital ophthalmoscopes being able to detect retinal abnormalities, supporting the technology’s use as a screening tool.

CONCLUSIONS

Our investigation suggests the utilization of smartphone-based digital ophthalmoscopes can be more effectively applied as a screening tool by capturing 30-second videos compared to still images alone. This novel assessment of an emerging technology in the field of ophthalmology may better equip further research as phone camera technology advances.
Predictive Analysis of Rice Pest Distribution in Bali Province Using Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Dwipayana I Kadek Agus , Sugiartawan Putu
Published: September 2023

The distribution of pests in rice plants results in significant losses in production and damage to rice plants for farmers, seen from data on the area of rice borer attacks in the province of Bali in Tabanan district. Therefore, by predicting the distribution of rice pests, we can know the pattern of pest attacks so that we can anticipate them because predicting can provide accuracy and error values through the test results. One of the prediction models is BPNN, where BPNN's advantages for solving complex problems are very suitable for use where large amounts of data are involved and many input/output variables, BPNN is also capable of modeling nonlinear relationships between input and output variables, which may be difficult to capture by this type of predictive model. other. Backpropagation includes supervised learning, which means it can learn from labeled examples and can make accurate predictions on new, unlabeled data. Split data using K-fold cross-validation serves to assess the process performance of an algorithmic method by dividing random data samples and grouping the data as many as K k-fold values.
Model Fermentasi Kakao secara Alami Menggunakan Daun Pisang Batu (Musa balbisiana) untuk Menghasilkan Biji Kakao Bermutu
Authors: Hendarto Heri
Published: September 2023

Pengolahan biji kakao di Indonesia banyak dilakukan secara tradisional atau tanpa fermentasi. Sebagian besar biji kakao yang diproduksi di dalam negeri tidak difermentasi. Akibatnya, kualitas biji kakao Indonesia sangat buruk, dengan mutu 3. Kualitas biji kakao ekspor yang buruk menyebabkan harga turun 10-15% dari harga pasar internasional. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memanfaatkan daun pisang batu (Musa balbisiana) sebagai media fermentasi kakao dibandingkan dengan kotak kayu dengan 3 ulangan dilakukan uji statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas biji kakao yang difermentasi pada daun pisang kadar air 6,7%, kandungan biji berjamur 7,1%, kandungan biji slaty 4,2%, kandungan biji berserangga 0,2%, kandungan kotoran 0,1%, kandungan biji berkecambah 0%. Fermentasi menggunakan kotak kayu kadar air 6,8%, kandungan biji berjamur 13,3%, kandungan biji slaty 14,5%, kandungan biji berserangga 0%, kandungan kotoran 0,7% dan kandungan biji berkecambah 0%. Menurut SNI 2323:2008 kadar air maksimal 7,5%, kualitas IB kakao lindak yang baik memiliki kandungan biji berjamur maksimal 2%, kandungan biji slaty maksimal 3%, kandungan biji berserangga maksimum 1%, kandungan kotoran maksimal 1,5% dan kandungan biji berkecambah maksimal 2%. Dari hasil tersebut, biji kakao hasil fermentasi memenuhi mutu kadar air dan tiga syarat mutu, yaitu mutu IB, jumlah biji berjamur dan biji slaty tidak memenuhi syarat mutu sehingga model fermentasi ini dapat dipergunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas biji kakao.
Optimasi Campuran Perekat pada Briket Serbuk Arang Kayu di Laboratorium
Authors: Riyawan Eko
Published: September 2023

Kegiatan praktikum dan penelitian di laboratorium kerja kayu menghasilkan limbah serbuk kayu antara 1,5 - 2,0 m3 per tahun. Selama ini limbah serbuk kayu tersebut belum dikelola dengan baik. Limbah serbuk kayu yang dibuang ke tempat pembuangan sampah akan memberikan konstribusi pencemaran pada ekosistem. Jadi, hal tersebut dapat ditanggulangi dengan cara mengolahnya menjadi produk yang bernilai keekonomian. Pengolahan briket dari limbah serbuk kayu merupakan salah satu strategi yang bisa digunakan dalam pengolahan limbah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh komposisi campuran perekat yang optimum pada briket serbuk arang kayu sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi ramah lingkungan. Metodologi penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan cara menggabungkan serbuk arang kayu, tepung tapioka dan aquades, dengan kadar perekat 5 %, 10 % dan 15 % terhadap berat serbuk arang. Kemudian dicetak dengan pengepresan 100 kg/cm2. Dari penelitian didapatkan komposisi kadar perekat yang optimum adalah 5 %, dengan hasil pengujian kandungan air 7,07 %, kandungan zat menguap 22,06 %, kandungan abu 6,49 %, kandungan karbon 64,38 %, serta nilai kalor 6.338,15 kal/gram. Sehingga, briket arang dari limbah serbuk kayu ini berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi ramah lingkungan, pada komposisi penggunaan kadar perekat dan air yang lebih sedikit.
PEMANFAATAN LEMARI GERMINATOR BEKAS SEBAGAI LEMARI PEMBIAKAN SERANGGA (REARING CABINET)
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto
Published: September 2023

Dalam kegiatan pelayanan praktikum pengendalian hama gudang, salah satu bahan yang harus tersedia adalah hama atau serangga uji. Ketersediaan hama sangat dipengaruhi oleh wadah simpan, tempat dan ketersediaan pakan serta suhu ruang simpan, serta aman dari hama pengganggu yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hama koleksi sperti serangan semut dan tikus. Untuk menghindari kerusakan tersebut maka perlu tempat penyimpanan yang aman berupa lemari koleksi serangga . Pemanfaatan lemari inkubator bekas yang sudah tidak terpakai menjadi lemari pembiakan dan penyimpanan serangga uji merupakan solusi untuk mengatasi hal tersebut di atas. Suhu merupakan faktor yang sangat penting yang mempengaruhi metabolisme dan pertumbuhan serangga, maka pemasangan kipas sbagai penstabil suhu sangat di perlukan.
Efektivitas Praktikum Percepatan Gravitasi di Laboratorium Fisika
Authors: Delti Gemah
Published: September 2023

Praktikum percepatan gravitasi menggunakan alat gerbang cahaya dan timer counter (pencacah/pewaktuan). Alat tersebut lebih modern dan praktis, namun kelemahannya sangat sensitif dan rentan rusak. Sehingga dilakukan 2 metode percepatan gravitasi, yakni metode gerak jatuh bebas dan metode gerak harmonis sederhana. Tujuan penelitian ini, diharapkan mampu memberikan solusi terhadap efektivitas praktikum percepatan gravitasi di Lab Fisika. Pengumpulan data penelitian yakni metode gerak jatuh bebas sebanyak 48 kali percobaan dan metode gerak harmonis sederhana sebanyak 60 kali percobaan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus untuk gerak jatuh bebas g = 2(h2 – h1) / (t22 – t12) dan gerak harmonis sederhana g = 4π².L / T². Selanjutnya data tersebut dihitung nilai gravitasinya. Data yang mendekati nilai gravitasi akan dinyatakan kegiatan tersebut akurat. Hasil penelitian ini juga diuji statistik dari kedua metode yakni 9,32 m/s2 (gerak harmonis sederhana) dan 9, 65 m/s2 (gerak jatuh bebas), nilai tersebut mendekati nilai gravitasi umum 9,81 m/s2. Penelitian mengenai gerak jatuh bebas dan gerak harmonis sederhana ini mampu memberikan solusi terhadap efektivitas praktikum percepatan gravitasi di Lab Fisika. Sehingga metode gerak harmonis sederhana bisa dijadikan sebagai metode alternatif untuk kegiatan praktek percepatan gravitasi.
Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Batu (Rock Ash) ke Dalam Pasta Semen Terhadap Waktu Pengikatan Awal
Authors: Putra Oky Kurnia
Published: September 2023

Abu batu merupakan limbah hasil penggerusan batu pecah produksi dari praktikum keausan agregat kasar menggunakan mesin abrasi. Limbah abu batu yang terkumpul sampai saat ini hanya ditimbun di area laboratorium. Penimbunan limbah abu batu dalam kurun waktu yang lama akan mengganggu lingkungan laboratorium seperti polusi udara dan menyebabkan terjadinya kantong lumpur di saluran drainase akibat abu batu yang ikut hanyut pada saat hujan. Untuk mengurangi penimbunan abu batu maka diperlukan pemanfaatan lanjut sehingga menjadi bahan yang berguna. Salah satu pemanfaatan limbah tersebut adalah untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan pengganti sebagian semen terhadap waktu ikat awal semen. Waktu pengikatan awal merupakan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk semen bereaksi dengan air sampai menjadi pasta dan mulai menurun sifat plastisitasnya. Standar waktu pengikatan awal adalah 1-2 jam. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penambahan variasi persentase abu batu sebesar 0%,5%,10%,15% terhadap pasta semen dan dilakukan pengujian ikat awal menggunakan alat vicat. Analisis dari penambahan abu batu terhadap pasta semen menunjukkan bahwa abu batu dapat mempengaruhi konsistensi normal dan waktu pengikatan awal. Nilai konsistensi normal mengalami kenaikan seiring bertambahnya persentase abu batu dan nilai tertinggi terjadi pada penambahan abu batu sebesar 15% yaitu 30,40%. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis pengikatan awal semen adalah kuantitatif yaitu dengan menggunakan kadar air yang didapatkan dari penetapan konsistensi normal dan variabel penambahan abu  atu yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk pembuatan sampel pasta semen untuk diuji waktu pengikatan awal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seiring dengan penambahan persentase abu batu maka waktu pengikatan awal semakin meningkat. Pengikatan awal dalam kurun waktu yang lama terjadi pada persentase abu batu 15% yaitu 117,50 menit.
Uji In-Vitro Kemampuan Baking Soda sebagai Bahan Alternatif dalam Mencegah Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annum L) di Laboratorium
Authors: Pinde Pinde
Published: September 2023

Tanaman cabai adalah tanaman yang rentan terhadap beberapa jenis penyakit yang disebabkan oleh fungi. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.capsici adalah salah satu fungi penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman cabai. Di lapangan petani sering menggunakan fungisida untuk mengatasi penyakit ini. Untuk mencegah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.capsici telah dilakukan uji secara in vitro di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan alternatif pengganti fungisida yaitu dengan menggunakan baking soda untuk mencegah penyakit layu Fusarium. Baking soda adalah bahan yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam pembuatan kue yang terbuat dari sodium bikarbonat. Petani lokal menggunakan baking soda untuk tanamannya sebagai fungisida yang ampuh untuk mencegah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh fungi. Pada penelitian ini terbukti bahwa baking soda memiliki kemampuan yang sama dengan fungisida dalam menghambat pertumbuhan fungi Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.capsici dan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif menggantikan penggunaan fungisida dalam skala kecil. Rerata 7 hari pengamatan luas koloni pertumbuhan fungi F. oxysporum pada perlakuan kontrol adalah 4,64 mm2, perlakuan fungisida adalah 2,61 mm2 dan perlakuan baking soda adalah 2,57 mm2.
Pengaruh Substitusi Media Limbah Cair Rebusan Kedelai Tempe terhadap Kondisi Pertumbuhan Acetobacter xylinum dalam Starter Bacterial Cellulose
Authors: Rohmatningsih Rini Nuraini
Published: September 2023

Indonesia merupakan negara produsen tempe. Proses produksi tempe cenderung menghasilkan limbah khususnya limbah cair rebusan kedelai. Limbah cair rebusan kedelai masih mengandung nutrisi lengkap. Tingginya kadar protein (N-total) dalam limbah cair rebusan kedelai tempe dapat digunakan sebagai media fermentasi bacterial cellulose seperti nata de soya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media air kelapa yang disubstitusi dengan limbah cair rebusan tempe dan kajian umur inkubasi untuk optimalisasi pertumbuhan Acetobacter xylinum dalam starter bacterial cellulose. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 4x3 dengan dua faktor yaitu waktu inkubasi starter (0, 7, 14, dan 21 hari) dan substitusi limbah cair rebusan kedelai tempe (0, 30, dan 60%) pada media pertumbuhan starter. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua belas perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diuji meliputi jumlah sel, pH (derajat keasaman), kekeruhan, dan ketebalan bacterial cellulose. Hasil pengamatan dari grafik kekeruhan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi air kelapa murni akan memberikan angka tertinggi untuk kekeruhan, sedangkan konsentrasi limbah cair rebusan kedelai tertinggi 60% memberikan kekeruhan terendah. Dari grafik pertumbuhan bakteri Acetobacter xylinum dapat dilihat jumlah sel mencapai 104 di awal inkubasi dan pertumbuhan mengalami fase relatif stabil di angka 106 pada umur inkubasi setelah 15 hari. pH media relatif sama pada awal pertumbuhan berada pada kisaran 3,0 meningkat pada pertumbuhan optimum di angka 3,95 dan menurun setelah umur inkubasi melewati 15 hari dan berada di angka pH 2,9 pada umur inkubasi 21 hari. Ketebalan bacterial cellulose tertinggi dicapai oleh media limbah cair rebusan kedelai tempe sebanyak 60%.Limbah cair rebusan kedelai dapat digunakan sebagai media alternatif menggantikan air kelapa untuk pertumbuhan Acetobacter xylinum sampai dengan perbandingan 60%. Pertumbuhan sel bakteri melewati fase konstan setelah umur inkubasi 15 hari. Semakin lama waktu inkubasi maka pH yield semakin asam, jumlah sel bakteri bertambah, dan ketebalan bacterial cellulose lebih tinggi dibandingkan dari media air kelapa.
High Tax Burden Reduces Competitiveness: A Study of the Cocoa Industry in Indonesia
Authors: Murwendah  , Desyani Wina
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Due to its large production in Indonesia, cocoa beans have the potential to be one of the commodities that can increase state revenue, as they provide higher value-added than unprocessed cocoa beans. Domestic cocoa bean output has not been able to meet the needs of the domestic cocoa processing industry; hence cocoa bean imports have increased year after year. On the other hand, domestic processed cocoa producers must incur a significant tax burden to import cocoa beans. Finally, the total tax paid in the cocoa industry is substantial. It also makes domestic processed cocoa goods unable to compete with imported products. Background Problems: This study analyzes the tax policies' effects on the cocoa industry's local-oriented and export-oriented business processes. Novelty: This study provides critical insights into a comprehensive overview of tax policy on the processes of the cocoa business, whereas previous studies only addressed tax policies in one area of the cocoa industry, either the upstream, intermediate, or downstream sectors. Research Methods: This study applied a qualitative approach and collected the data through a literature study and in-depth interviews. Results: The findings revealed that tax policies on the local-oriented and export-oriented business processes of cocoa vary. The export-oriented downstream cocoa industry can utilize the facilities of a bonded zone, where the tax policy differs from that of a non-bonded zone. Conclusions: There are differences in the tax policies for cocoa's local and export-oriented business processes. The main issue for the local-oriented business processes is VAT. The imposition of VAT on cocoa beans is ultimately detrimental to farmers.
Modeling the Readiness Measurement for Enterprise Resource Planning System Implementation Success
Authors: Santo Fernandi Wijaya  , Jansen Wiratama  , Angelina Ervina Jeanette Egeten
Published: September 2023

In the digital era, companies are required to optimize technological innovation to increase capacity in achieving work that is more efficient, effective, productive, and has a competitive advantage. Companies must use the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity. Implementing an ERP system provides competitive advantages by means of decision-making proven for fast and precise management. ERP system is an integrated information system for strategic company management decision-making. For this reason, implementing an ERP system is necessary. Unfortunately, the fact shows that many companies fail to implement an ERP system, resulting in costly implementation expenses. Previous research has discussed empirical studies on the critical success factors for implementing an ERP system effectively. Therefore, further research still needs to be done by discussing ERP implementation from the perspective of measuring companies’ readiness levels in ERP system implementation. This research methodology criticized and analyzed the comparison of eleven prior research articles as a basis for developing a model to measure companies’ readiness levels in implementing ERP systems. This research examined quantitative data gathered through the use of questionnaire method to rank indicators for measuring companies’ readiness levels by identifying four dimensions and 27 indicators. This research aims to produce a model for measuring companies’ readiness to implement the ERP system on time successfully.
VITAMIN D STATUS AND ITS EFFECT ON FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH HIP FRACTURE: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: KARAN HINGANKAR  , AVINASH KEDARI  , RAJ PRAMOD GANDHI  , RAHIL JIWANI
Published: September 2023

Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to study the Vitamin D status of adult patients presenting with hip fractures and analyze potential impact of Vitamin D status on outcome of these patients. Methods: This was an observational study of Vitamin D status of patients presenting with hip fractures. It was conducted in the department of orthopedics of a tertiary care medical college. One hundred and twenty adult patients presenting with hip fractures were included in this study on the foundation of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details of all the patients such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status were noted. Vitamin D status of patients was determined and correlated with functional outcome at the time of final follow-up visit at 6 months. Results: Among the 120 studied with hip fractures, 64 cases (53.33%) involved females, while 56 cases (46.67%) involved males having a M: F ratio of 1:1.14. The mean age of male and female patients was found to be 45.85±10.12 and 46.74±9.86 years. Overall, 65 (54.17%) patients were Vitamin D sufficient and remaining 55 (45.83%) were either inefficient (26.67%) or deficient (19.17%). Seventy-three (60.83%) patients had excellent to good outcome whereas 31 (25.83%) patients had fair outcome. Out of remaining 16 patients, 11 (9.17%) patients had poor outcome and 5 (4.17%) patients had very poor outcome. The patients with sufficient Vitamin D status were found to have a better outcome as compared to those patients with inefficient or deficient Vitamin D status and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.01). Conclusion: It is significant to treat Vitamin D deficiency in patients presenting with hip fractures as Vitamin D deficiency is associated with suboptimal functional outcome in cases with hip fractures.