bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF RIVASTIGMINE LOADED SELF ASSEMBLED NANOSTRUCTURES OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS FOR BRAIN DELIVERY
Authors: T. S. SARASWATHI , M. MOTHILAL
Published: September 2021

Objective: Aim of the study is to develop rivastigmine-loaded niosomal in situ gel via the intranasal route to the brain by crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. For the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, it provides a speedy onset of action, a faster therapeutic effect, avoidance of the first-pass metabolism, and enhanced bioavailability.
Methods: Rivastigmine niosomal in situ nasal gel was developed, refined and tested with the goal of delivering the medicine to the brain via the intranasal route Rivastigmine niosomes were formulated by thin-film hydration technique, optimized using (32) factorial design and characterized for its physicochemical parameters. Rivastigmine-loaded niosomes were further incorporated into Carbopal-934P and HPMC-K4M liquid gelling system to form in situ nasal gel. The resulting solution was evaluated for several parameters including, viscosity at pH 5 and pH 6, gelling capacity and gelling time.
Results: Optimized best formulation containing span 60 (A) and cholesterol (B) with (1:0.5) ratio identified from the model developed from Design-Expert®12 software, exhibited Entrapment efficiency (76.5±0.23%), particle size (933.4±0.14 nm), in vitro drug release maximum (68.94±0.26%) at 8th hour and further studied for its characteristics by SEM and TEM showed stable vesicles. Polynomial equations of Y1, Y2, and Y3 were conducted and ANOVA results showed a significant impact (p<0.05) on three levels. In vivo perfusion studies using rat model showed, the niosomes developed has good perfusion compared to pure drug with 27.2% of drug absorption in the brain at the end of 3 h. In vitro permeation of Rivastigmine through the dialysis membrane showed that 60.74% w/w drug permeated after 8 h. The formation of stable vesicles was proved by Zeta potential measurements and SEM analysis.
Conclusion: Optimized formulation had greater perfusion and was expected to have a good bioavailability compared to conventional other drug delivery systems.
NEW STABILITY INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF CAPECITABINE AND DOCETAXEL IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY USING RP-HPLC
Authors: TIRUMALASETTY NEEHARIKA , D. RAMCHANDRAN
Published: September 2021

Objective: The current investigation was pointed at developing and progressively validating novel, simple, responsive and stable RP-HPLC method for the measurement of active pharmaceutical ingredients of Capecitabine and Docetaxel.
Methods: A simple, selective, validated and well-defined stability that shows gradient RP-HPLC methodology for the quantitative determination of Capecitabine and Docetaxel. The chromatographic strategy utilized Inertsil ODS column of dimensions 250x4.6 mm, 5 micron, using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and water (50:50). A flow rate of 1 ml/min and a detector wavelength of 220 nm utilizing the PDA detector were given in the instrumental settings. Using the impurity-spiked solution, the chromatographic approach was streamlined. Validation of the proposed method was carried out according to an international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Results: LOD and LOQ for the two active ingredients and their impurities were established with respect to test concentration. The calibration charts plotted were linear with a regression coefficient of R2>0.999, means the linearity was within the limit. Recovery, specificity, linearity, accuracy, robustness, ruggedness were determined as a part of method validation and the results were found to be within the acceptable range.
Conclusion: The proposed method to be fast, simple, feasible and affordable in assay condition. During stability tests, it can be used for routine analysis of production samples and to verify the quality of drug samples during stability studies.
Using CME and FCME Algorithms for the Task of Detecting Human Steps
Authors:   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Vistyzenko Yevhen
Published: September 2021

Currently, global trends in the development of perimeter security technology lead to the general miniaturization of devices and systems and the increase of their autonomy. The primary trend in developing these systems is the maximum processing and classification of signals by built-in tools. The article presents the study results on the possibility of using blind algorithms to calculate the level of operation of the threshold detector CME and FCME in detecting human steps in seismic perimeter security detectors using low-power computing modules. The algorithms were tested on actual data recorded during the experiments. As a result of applying algorithms for the seismic signal envelope, the human steps of the probability of false positives for the CME and FCME algorithms were 23% and 10%, respectively. Neutralizing the signal trend allowed obtaining values of false alarms of 16% for the CME algorithm and 7% for the FCME algorithm, and normalization of the signal amplitude within one analysis interval allowed obtaining the probability of false alarms at 0% for both algorithms. The obtained results give complete information when choosing the type of algorithm depending on the input data. In detecting seismic data by an autonomous sensor, it is most appropriate to use the SME algorithm with pre-normalization of the signal amplitude due to less computational complexity.
The Identity of the Offender as an Element of Forensic Characteristics of Crimes Related to Human Trafficking
Authors:   University of State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, Golovin Yevgen
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of data on the identity of the offender as an element of forensic characteristics of crimes related to human trafficking. The author tries to identify the main features of a criminal who commits a crime related to human trafficking. The primary attention is paid to the construction of his forensic portrait. It is established that due to the definition of the characteristic features of the criminal, it becomes possible to build forensic versions during the investigation to use specific tactics in carrying out procedural actions.
Comparative Analysis of Psycho-physiological Parameters of the Deaflympic Karate Champion and Healthy Karate Women
Authors:   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, Ianchuk Karyna , Tykhorskyi Olexandr ,   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture
Published: September 2021

The article compares psycho-physiological indicators of an elite athlete in karate - the champion of the Deaflympics and healthy, highly qualified athletes. The researched indicators were: work efficiency, degree of employment, mental stability, time of simple reaction to a moving object, reaction to a moving object, frequency of movements, the reaction time of choice, Romberg test, concentration and switching of attention according to the Bourdon test. For the analysis, 24 measurements of psycho-physiological indicators of the researched sportswoman were compared with corresponding indicators of highly skilled healthy karate girls, 29 people in total. The measurements of the studied athlete’s indicators were performed during the annual macrocycle at the beginning of a series of shock microcycles, which meant that she was in her optimal physical and psychological shape. It was found that the studied karate person has an invalid type of nervous system, which is not typical for this sport. Work efficiency, speed of work and mental stability also differ in favour of healthy karate women.
Scientific Events at the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine: Status, Trends
Authors:   V. I. Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine, Ivanova Maiia
Published: September 2021

The article continues the research started in the previous work on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of international scientific events conducted at the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine from 1991 to the present time. The paper presents scientific events, namely the All-Ukrainian scientific conference «Chyshkiv Readings» and the international scientific conference «Library. Science. Communication».
Does intellectual capital of “capital” matter? Investigation of small business revenue
Authors: Siswanti Siswanti , Ridjal Syamsul , Ode Sumail La
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of length of business on revenue by mediating financial literacy and moderated by capital management ability. Financial literacy and capital management ability in this paper we call intellectual capital. This study used a saturated sample of 71 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and path analysis. The results of this study show that the length of business has a positive relationship to revenue. Furthermore, in general, knowledge-based intellectual capital has a statistically negative impact on revenue, but this finding is biased. Meanwhile, capital management which is an experience-based intellectual capital has a positive impact on revenue. Last but not least, the moderating variable of the place of business is proven to increase small business revenue.
Small entrepreneurship: The role in the social-economic system
Authors: Golodova Zh. G. , Smirnov P. A.
Published: September 2021

Optimizing the structure of the economy and ensuring the stable employment are the most important components in the policy of developing a flexible and competitive economy. The economic development strategies of the EAEU countries emphasize the need to increase the share of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in GDP and the share of the employed in this sector. However, the planned development parameters have never been achieved, which is determined not only by a long period of economic instability and insufficient government support for SMEs, but also by the social perception of entrepreneurship. The article considers the role of entrepreneurship, primarily small business, in the social-economic system. Based on the generalization of the entrepreneurship interpretations, the authors show that it has both economic and social significance, especially in the countries with developing markets. Small business performs numerous functions and has such features as mass character, innovations, riskiness and responsibility; it is an institution of social development, and a factor of economic growth and political stability. The analysis of the activities of small business in the EAEU countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia) in 2015-2019 shows their significant lag behind the developed countries. However, in recent years, the social role of SMEs has increased for they take into account the needs of local consumers and the possibilities of local markets, which is due both to the number of employees and their qualifications, and to the introduction of science-intensive technologies. The sociological data prove a change in the social perception of entrepreneurship: it is recognized as a successful career option and social status, but also as facing challenges that hinder its development. The article is based on the statistical data of the EAEU countries and the Eurasian Economic Commission, analytical materials of rating agencies and research centers.
The internationalisation of higher education in the regions: case of Latvia
Authors:   RISEBA University of Applied Sciences, Jekabsone Inga
Published: September 2021

Internationalisation is set as a horizontal priority of higher education in the context of the quality assurance by the government of Latvia. However, higher education institutions (hereinafter – HEI) in Latvia find it challenging to attract talented international students and academic staff, especially in the regions, thereby the internationalisation rates in HEI differ. The internationalisation is a complex concept – it is understood not only by the attraction of international students and academic staff, but also by internationalisation of local students and staff as well as by creation of inclusive environment for both – international and local students and staff. Taking into account before mentioned, the aim of the research is to analyse the dimensions of the internationalisation of regional HEI in Latvia. During the research, six regional HEI in Latvia were analysed in the context of diverse aspects of internationalisation. Recommendations to regional HEI were developed based on the analysis of case studies. The analysis showed that the internationalisation in the regional HEI in Latvia are mainly focused on attraction of international students and on student and academic staff mobility. At the same time, some of the regional HEI set the internalisation as a priority while others focus more on local students and regional needs. However, most of regional HEI in Latvia lag behind the average EU un national internationalisation rates.
Community cooperation for tourism development
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Kaufmane Dace
Published: September 2021

Cooperation and research on related issues in the tourism sector is still topical as virtually no new tourism offer is possible without cooperation. This has been confirmed by previous studies. However, in the context of community initiatives, cooperation in tourism has not been analysed very much. The aim of the paper is to analyse community cooperation in rural tourism development on the basis of content analysis of the LEADER projects and previous studies on collaboration. Cooperation is based on the understanding and exchange of information facilitated by existing and new forms of common actions between public and private actors. The results reveal that community cooperation for the development of rural tourism in Latvia can be seen as structural with the Rural Support Service as a central actor, which is responsible for the uniform implementation of the state’s and European Union’s support policy in Latvia, monitors compliance with agricultural legislation and regulates the conditions of all involved. At regional level, cooperation is coordinated by rural partnerships and governed by their strategies that sets clear objectives for local action in communities.
Modelling the neo-industrialization strategy as a mechanism of innovative activity of industrial business
Authors:   Baranovichi State University, Republic of Belarus, Klimuk Vladimir V. , Lazdins Andrejs ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: September 2021

Research goal: discover the importance of the innovation process in the context of education - science and production. Research tasks: describe the theoretical elements of the innovation process in relation to the Belarusian experience; to develop a model of innovation implementation science - education – production. Research methods: methods of situation description and process systematics were used in the research; statistical and modelling method of data. The most important competitive advantage of industrial enterprises, especially in the current situation - the coronavirus crisis, are innovations formed in the product concept, technological vector, management tactics and the general strategy of the organization. To bring an idea to the market requires its detailed feasibility study, testing, commercialization, scaling, and re-innovation. Successfully passed the stages of approbation and implementation of new innovations create a basic complex of competitive advantages of the industry, and its new orts of development. The role of scientific and educational potential, the introduction of a cooperative model of resource use to achieve economic and social effect has been determined. The paper proposes a toolkit for assessing the effectiveness of a neo-industrialization strategy in the direction of enhancing the innovative activity of industrial business entities, analysing the calculated results, including using the proposed visualization toolkit. Types of neo-industrialization strategies with a set of key components of the impact on the level of development of the sector are presented. Research innovation: a stage model for the introduction of useful innovations from science - education to production has been developed.
Creative industries in small cities: contributions to sustainability
Authors:   Latvian Academy of Culture, Kunda Ilona , Tjarve Baiba ,   Latvian Academy of Culture, Eglite Zanete ,   Latvian Academy of Culture
Published: September 2021

The paper addresses the gap in analysing the complex role of creative industry businesses in small towns with regard to sustainable development. It takes a scholarly literature review approach and in the final section proposes a typology of sustainability-oriented actions, which creative industry businesses may or may not take in practice. As a typology of positive contributions, it lays groundwork for an empirical study, which is envisaged as the next step. The paper reinforces the idea of the complexity of the dimensions of sustainability as context-dependent, negotiated and situated, and the ambivalent role of creative industry businesses, stemming from the material realities of creating, distributing and consuming cultural and digital products.
Assessment of transportation impact on regional development: case study of Ukraine
Authors:   Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Maslii Natalia , Skribans Valerijs ,   Riga Technical University
Published: September 2021

An important consequence of development of transport complex of country is a growth of economic and social well-being of population. Focus on optimally functioning transport should be considered as an important factor in sustainable economic development, and deviations from optimal values as an indicator of additional reserves for growth. Defining national economic interests is one of the main tasks of Ukraine's development. In order to develop independently, and at the same time on the basis of partnership and cooperation, it is necessary to develop transport provision for the regions and interregional integration to form a whole transport space. The author's approach in considering this problem using general scientific and special methods of scientific research made it possible to investigate these processes. The article describes a methodological approach to the study of the transportation in the regions of Ukraine on the basis of intermodality and multimodality using forms of scientific - technical and static analysis, which will contribute to the implementation of the state policy of interregional integration, taking into account freight transportation using various types of transport. A scientific and applied approach has been proposed for determining the interdependence of the gross regional product per person on the freight turnover by kind of transport by using the methodological tools of the system analysis theory in order to identify transport regions and efficiently locate multimodal terminals (transport hubs), which will contribute to the implementation of effective instruments to promote interregional integration and regional economic integration, information, education spaces into a single transport space, overcoming interregional alienation and the introduction of effective instruments of state support for interregional integration, will contribute to the implementation of interregional programs and projects.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS BIODESAFIOS E BIOSIMULADO NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Avelino Gonçalves Fabiano , Silva Oliveira George Laylson da , Correia Sales Jepherson , Pinheiro dos Santos Fernandes Rosangela Maria
Published: September 2021

A população mundial encontra-se devastada pela pandemia viral provocada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Dentre as inúmeras atividades antrópicas afetadas, destaca-se a área educacional. Neste sentido, este projeto de ensino visou contribuir didático-pedagógico-científica na formação inicial de professores e familiarizá-los as avaliações externas a partir das aplicações dos BioDesafios, baseados em Questões Sociocientíficas (QSCs) e BioSimulado por meio das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs). Dessa forma, usando AVA Google sala de aula os BioDesafios (em grupo) foram aplicados semanalmente aos estudantes e o BioSimulado (individual) executado no final do projeto de ensino. Assim, as equipes estudantis constituídas para realizarem os BioDesafios semanais foram à ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia alba); onça-pintada (Panthera onca); árvore Guarantã (Esenbeckia leiocarpa) e arara-azul (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). Os BioDesafios apresentaram participação significativa das equipes, além da ação coletiva na elaboração do design expressos nas camisetas e adesivos das equipes. Ademais, os estudantes obtiveram rendimentos entre 42-88% no BioSimulado. Portanto, este projeto cooperou na formação dos estudantes, além de fortalecer o preparo estudantil para realização das avaliações externas, tais como, Enade, e também para o comportamento sanitário profilático apropriado durante a pandemia viral.
Theoretical fundamentals of formation of educational and cognitive activity in higher education institution
Authors: Martynenko Larisa , Stashkevych Anatolii , Pochynkova Mariia , Pliuta Olena , Yuryk Olha
Published: September 2021

The article highlights the theoretical foundations of the organization of educational and cognitive activities in higher education. The conditions for stimulating the development of academic competencies are analyzed. Measures to support the development of academic competencies are identified. The results of work on the development of academic competencies in students of higher education are analyzed. It was concluded that sets of practical skills that ensure the success of educational work; intellectual skills; qualities and personal qualities; preparation (experience) for educational activities, to achieve high results. Thus, the main idea of the organization of training aimed at the formation of competencies, consists of the integration of various disciplines in the field of training generalized decision-making skills for cognitive and professional problems.
Civic and environmental education of future preschool education specialists
Authors: Ivanchuk Sabina , Dronova Olga , Vozniuk Anna , Мyskova Nataliia , Shulha Tetiana
Published: September 2021

In connection with the rapid and catastrophic deepening of the ecological crisis, an urgent need arose to change the system of relations between humanity and nature. But the basis for this can only be a change in the consciousness of people, and it is advisable to start this process from preschool childhood. Such tasks in the upbringing of children place high demands on educators in their professional training, in particular, acquiring knowledge and developing skills. But the personal qualities of the teacher play an equally important role in this, and this is especially necessary for preparing for the environmental education of preschoolers. The example of the educator in nature conservation, his attitude to animals and plants, determines the behaviour of children in the future. So, the issue of professional training of future educators of preschool educational institutions for the ecological education of children becomes relevant.
Historical consciousness and its transformations in modern society: changes in the value orientations in modern philosophy of history
Authors: Dobrolyubska Yuliya , Paradiuk Olena
Published: September 2021

The purpose of our research is to determine the main trends in the development of historical consciousness in a crisis society and environment. Our hypothesis is an attempt to systematically analyze modern historiosophical and philosophical-historical concepts, schools, approaches, doctrines that express the essence of transformational processes within the relationship of tradition and innovation - in the development of society and everyday life. In our opinion, modern philosophical-historical and historiosophical views are also in a state of uncertainty, which greatly complicates the solution of our research goal. But, our approach in the sense of the above understanding of the defining trend of socio-social development, can be proposed as a generalization of the content of history - to achieve maximum freedom of society and man, taking into account all the concerns that are key, as in the anthropological segment of society and in terms of the relationship between society and nature.
Oil price shock in the US and the euro area – evidence from the shadow rate and the term premium
Authors: Pažický Martin
Published: September 2021

The aim of this article is to investigate the consequences of oil price changes for the economy of the US and the euro area. Oil price transmission channel is assessed using Granger causalities and structural vector autoregressive (VAR) specifications (applying the Cholesky factorization and the restrictions following the method of Blanchard and Quah). The conventional oil price transmission channel is extended by a shadow policy rate and term premium, as the importance of both indicators has been growing rapidly in recent years. The results confirm that the oil price shock is not negligible in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis and in the subsequent period of monetary policy normalization. The findings are confirmed by the outcomes of the Bayesian VAR specification with sign restrictions. The consequences of changes in oil prices have significantly grown since the introduction of unconventional monetary instruments. The magnitude of the response of industrial production, price level and shadow interest rate to the oil price shock is strongest in the period corresponding to the unconventional monetary policy. In many cases, however, the reaction is short-lived. The conventional instrument (policy rate) in the euro area has still not been sufficient to stabilize the economy in the recent period of monetary policy normalization in the US.
The Use of Panel Theatre in Developing Communication Skills for Children with Special Needs: A Case Study of a Child with Developmental Disorders
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thi Cam , Lan Bui Ngoc , Vy Nguyen Thi , Xuan Nguyen Thi Hoa , Anh Le Kim
Published: September 2021

Panel Theatre created from Japan is a method of expression in which pictures or letters made by paper attached or detached on a cloth board to develop drama, stories combined with games, singing and movement. Panel theatre has many advantages to develop communication for children with disabilities. In this study, panel theatre was used in intervention to develop communication skills for 1 child with developmental disorders through exposing him to materials, performing motor activities in combination with listening to stories and letting him participate in the drama activities which were adapted to his communication abilities. The results show that the child has improved attention, imitation, alternation, language understanding and using skills. These results show that it is possible to use panel theatre in intervention for children with developmental disorders and further studies should be considered in the future.
Normative legal mechanism for ensuring cyberspace security of Thailand
Authors: Gorian Ella
Published: September 2021

The object of this research is the legal relations that emerge in the context of implementation of measures for ensuring cybersecurity. Characteristic is given to the provisions of the normative legal acts of Thailand in the sphere of cybersecurity. The article author explores the peculiarities of such policy and regulatory documents as Thai National Cybersecurity Strategy for 2017–2021, Policy and Plan for National Security (2019–2022), Cyber Crime Act of 2007 (revised in 2017), Criminal Code of 1956 (revised in 2019), Personal Data Protection Act of 2017, and Cybersecurity Act of 2019. The author reveals the peculiarities of normative legal mechanism for ensuring cyberspace security in Thailand. In its policy documents, Thailand does not determine the major information threats in domestic and foreign spheres or the priorities in the development of cybersecurity system, but rather outlines the range of national interests and sets the tasks may propel it to the regional leadership. The laws are elaborated with consideration of the latest trends in the sphere of information technologies,, and include in the scope of regulation such questions as the protection of personal data, computer and information systems, and critical information infrastructure. The vertical framework of state administration and monitoring, as well as the range of powers of the competent bodies are established on the legislative level. In the sphere of protection of personal data, Thai legislation extensively duplicates the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union. A distinctive feature of the normative legal acts consists in legal substantiation of restriction of human rights and freedoms in the context of implementation of such provisions.
The evolution of integration policy of Charles de Gaulle (mid 1950s – late 1960s)
Authors: Atakishieva Dzhamilya Gunduz Kyzy , Naumova Natal'ya Nikolaevna
Published: September 2021

This article traces the evolution of the Western European policy of the General Charles de Gaulle during his presidency. In the early 1950s, he willingly cooperated with the European countries in terms of creating the economic union; however, in the course of solution of decolonization issues and, namely the Algerian problem that constrained the implementation of the key vectors of state policy, the president began focused on advancing the concept of national mightiness of France and commitment to the principles of intergovernmental cooperation in the development of integration. Charles de Gaulle fought for the foundation of the political union “Europe of the Homelands”, in which France would be assigned a significant role. The article analyzes de Gaulle’s failures in negotiations with the “P5+1” countries, which once again demonstrated to the Europeans that building integration is a long and complex process that does not tolerate rapid decisions and requires the ability to compromise. Special attention is turned to the development of integration policy of the General Charles de Gaulle based on his formal speeches, correspondence, and memoirs. De Gaulle's efforts in the sphere of integration policy of the Fifth Republic yielded certain results. First and foremost, he was able to establish the superiority of national principles in addressing the general policy issues in the European Community. Secondly, he prevented the Great Britain from joining the Common Market, as from his opinion it was an economic and political competitor of France. Thirdly, de Gaulle strengthened the international reputation of France as the country that was at the dawn and in the lead of the integration processes in Europe.
Corinthian cult of Medea's children
Authors: Makeeva Vladislava Igorevna
Published: September 2021

The myth of Medea and her children is commonly known as the story of the mother who kills her own children for the sake of vengeance to her husband. Most often, she is remembered from the eponymous tragedy of Euripides. However, different authors can describe other circumstances of the demise of children. In these variations of the story, Medea does not kill the children, but becomes the cause of their demise, trying to prevent them from it. According to one of the versions, she tries to make them immortal, but her attempts fail. Although, as a matter of fact the children of Medea acquire immortality in the form of cult. Another blames the Corinthians. Children seek salvation in the Temple of Hera Akraia, where they have been murdered by angered Corinthians. This story is reflected in the myths associated with the redemption cults. The murder entails condemnation of the community – pestilence, appeal to the oracle, sacrifices, and establishment of the permanent cult. The analysis of components of the cult and comparison with other cults, which consist of a combination of initiation rights and heroic offerings, suggests that the Corinthian cult of Medea’s children implied both, the mourning that requires redemption and initiation rites.
Ruthenium based antifungal compounds and their activity
Authors: Kanaoujiya Rahul , Srivastava Shekhar
Published: September 2021

Ruthenium is recognized as a highly attractive alternative to platinum since the toxicity of many ruthenium compounds is lower and some complexes are quite selective for antifungal drugs. Ruthenium has various chemical properties these chemical properties are very useful for antifungal drug design. Ruthenium compounds have several types of advantages as antifungal drugs because of lower toxicity. . Ruthenium has unique properties making it of particularly use as fungal in drug design specially in antifungal drugs. Several types of ruthenium complexes and their antifungal activity standards are described here.
Seeking Employment in the British Empire: Three Letters from Rajah Gobind Ram Bahadur
Authors: Guenther Alan M.
Published: September 2021

Three short 18th century Persian language letters in the manuscript collection of the Division of Rare Books and Special Collections, McLennan Library, along with the story of how they came to McGill University, provide a fascinating window on the British Empire and the efforts of imperial subjects to obtain employment. The story begins in Bengal where a rising civil servant, Raja Gobind Ram, at a difficult time in his life, petitions his friend David Anderson for assistance. Gobind Ram achieves success, holding eventually posts of considerable responsibility in nascent British India. When, in the late 19th century, the letters come to Canada, the story introduces a young Scottish entrepreneur and immigrant, J. K. Oswald, and his pursuit of employment—first in the financial world of Montreal and later in public service at the then small settlement of Calgary—during the years when the Canadian Pacific Railway was opening up Western Canada, and Louis Riel was leading the Northwest Rebellion of 1885.ResuméUn coup d’œil fascinant sur l’empire britannique et sur les efforts déployés par ses sujets pour trouver du travail est offert par trois courtes lettres en langue perse datant du 18e siècle et par l’histoire du cheminement par lequel elles sont parvenues à l’Université McGill, où elles résident présentement à la Division des livres rares et des collections spéciales de la Bibliothèque McLennan. L’histoire débute au Bengale, avec la demande d’aide adressée par le fonctionnaire Raja Gobind Ram lors d’un moment difficile de sa vie à son ami David Anderson. Gobind Ram accéda éventuellement à des postes d’importance considérable en Inde à l’aube de l’époque d’administration britannique. Ces lettres sont parvenue au Canada vers la fin du 19e siècle, et c’est à cette étape du récit que nous rencontrons James Kidd Oswald, un jeune entrepreneur et immigrant écossais. Nous le suivons alors qu’il cherche du travail—d’abord dans le monde financier de Montréal, puis à titre de fonctionnaire dans ce qui était alors la petite ville de Calgary—au cours des années qui ont vu la compagnie de chemins de fer Canadian Pacific ouvrir les portes de l’ouest canadien et Louis Riel mener la rébellion de 1885.
ESTUDO DAS TESES EM EDUCAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA E EJA DEFENDIDAS NO BRASIL NA PRIMEIRA DÉCADA DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Ribeiro Emerson da Silva , Darsie Marta Maria Pontin
Published: September 2021

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as teses em Educação Matemática de Jovens e Adultos defendidas no Brasil na primeira década do século XXI, centrando-se na análise de suas problemáticas e principais considerações e recomendações. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de uma investigação de abordagem qualitativa com características das pesquisas do tipo estado da arte, tendo como material de análise dez teses com objeto de investigação tratando da relação entre Educação Matemática e Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), defendidas em programas brasileiros de pós-graduação stricto sensu no período de 2001 a 2010. Como conclusões destaca-se que as teses analisadas centraram suas problemáticas de investigação nos educandos jovens e adultos e no professor que ensina Matemática na EJA, suscitando entre as suas considerações e recomendações a reafirmação de aspectos pertinentes ao ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática na EJA abordados por teóricos da área e pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para essa modalidade, além de acrescentarem outros elementos importantes à consolidação de práticas pedagógicas e à formação docente em Matemática consoante as peculiaridades da EJA.
THE OLDER GENERATION AND SYNDEMIC AS A CONSEQUENCE OF COVID-19
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population FCTAS RAS, Dobrokhleb Valentina G. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS
Published: September 2021

The relevance of the publication is due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which provokes an increase in mortality and a reduction in opportunities for socio-economic development. The aim of the study is to identify the vulnerability factors of the older generation of Russia during the pandemic. In terms of the number of cases, our country is in fourth place in the world. In Russia, the disease has affected more than 3.9 million people, including 16,688 people infected over the past day, more than 3.4 million were cured. The group with a high risk of death from coronavirus is elderly people with chronic diseases. But such «privileges» — "not a step out of the house!" — many did not want and do not want. Elderly people are at risk for the incidence and severity of COVID-19. However, this age group is differentiated. In social policy towards the elderly, the total isolation of people aged 65+ has become a step backwards. In sociology under the ageism refers to discrimination based on age. "The syndemic nature of the COVID-19 threat calls for not only treating every ailment, but also urgently addressing the underlying social inequalities that shape them.
MOBILITY OF MEDICAL PERSONNEL IN THE EAEU DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   MGIMO-University, Khramova Marina N. ,   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Vargina Valeria M. ,   MGIMO-University
Published: September 2021

The article examines the main directions of international cooperation in the field of healthcare of the EAEU member-states in the pandemic era. Joint efforts aimed at stabilization of the sanitary and epidemiological situation and minimization of the economic damage provoked by the restrictions imposed were prompt and proved their efficiency and efficacy. The study focuses on the mobility of medical personnel during the pandemic. The authors indicate possible prospects for further expansion of Eurasian cooperation in the field of healthcare. In the context of a changing environment, the interactions of medical professionals, experience and knowledge exchange become vital. In particular, a number of documents were adopted that define a set of measures aimed at reducing the risks of the spread of coronavirus infection in the EAEU countries. From our point of view, it is very important that these measures also included economic mechanisms to reduce the barriers to entry of the participating countries into the joint EAEU market. These barriers currently include, for example, different approaches to drug pricing. The work also shows that one of the promising areas of interstate cooperation within the framework of the integration group can be the expansion of field training programs for specialists from the participating countries in the most demanded areas of training.
MIGRATION ATTITUDES OF THE LITHUANIAN POPULATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Science, Mezhevich Nikolay M. , Senik Nikita M. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Economics
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes some results of the international migration of the Lithuanian population in the context of European integration. During the post-Soviet period, irreversible transformations of the country's economic system have taken place. With the accession to the EU, a significant part of the population is oriented towards work in other EU countries, as a result, the quality of labor potential in modern Lithuania is decreasing. Young people do not see any special career prospects in their country. The slowdown in European integration processes, compounded by the restrictions of the coronavirus pandemic, triggered the return of a significant part of previously emigrated Lithuanian citizens to their homeland in 2020. Stopping the flow of money from EU funds to reform the economy and support public institutions in Lithuania will significantly exacerbate the systemic problems of the Lithuanian economy that accumulated during the post-Soviet period of development. It is highly likely that returning Lithuanians will not be able to fulfill their expectations in the labor and social sphere, which will provoke tension in Lithuanian society. In this situation, Russia's constructive policy towards Lithuania could create an alternative to the European vector of development, reorienting the migration preferences of the younger generation of Lithuanians from the West to the East.
MIGRATION AND CONFLICTS IN RUSSIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors:   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Shustov Alexander V.
Published: September 2021

Measures taken in the spring of 2020 to combat the coronavirus epidemic have led to a major migration crisis in Russia. Unable to leave the country, migrants, many of whom lost their jobs, found themselves in an extremely difficult situation, which pushed them to participate in protests and mass demonstrations. The places with the highest concentration of migrants were the most explosive — large cities, construction sites and border areas where foreigners who failed to leave Russia in time were trapped. As a result, during the spring and summer of 2020, at least 10 demonstrations, riots and mass protests of migrants took place in Russia, the reasons for which were, mainly, non-payment of wages and fear of the possibility of losing job during the lockdown period. The experience of the migration crisis-2020 raises the question of the need to find a balance between labor immigration and ensuring internal security.
Movement Through the Marginalised: An Urban Landscape Investigation
Authors:   , Bensemann Freddie
Published: September 2021

In Western democratic society, urban public space has always been dominated by theMainstream user. The Marginalised, to being periodically shifted from one area to another through prevailing processes that gentrify and regulate space. These habitual processes directly and indirectly manage civic space eroding particular character evolved fromMarginalised occupation and expression, and in doing so, urban space caters to the needs and wants of the Mainstream.

This project investigates such a situation yet with such habits reversed. Through the landscape design of urban space the project asks can we design urban space to accommodate thesocio-spatial needs of the Marginalised whilst at the same time, support Mainstream users?

The investigation situates its research in Te Aro Park, a public urban space in Wellington City occupied predominantly by the Marginalised. From the homeless to the eccentric, the drug addict to the gang member, the space is often a considered a black spot avoided or uncomfortably and rapidly moved through by the Mainstream user. With a social hierarchy that has been flipped on its head the space exudes the diverse nature of Wellington with murals and public artwork that represent the Marginalised groups including local Iwi.

This project aims to use landscape architecture design to critically assess, seek and develop potentials for harmony of urban spaces exhibiting spatial and social conflicts between Marginalised and Mainstream citizens. It is an attempt through landscape architecture technique, to destabilize the binary between Mainstream and marginal, and therefore engender conditions for truly diverse urban spaces. In doing so the research discovers how designers can approach public space design problems while opposing the forces of displacement. The research additionally contributes an understanding of the underpinnings of trying to introduce new actors without displacement of the existing and more vulnerable actors.
Room to Breathe: Designing a framework for medium density housing in Ōtautahi-Christchurch
Authors:   , Campbell-Tie Joshua
Published: September 2021

Ōtautahi-Christchurch faces the future in an enviable position. Compared to other New Zealand cities Christchurch has lower housing costs, less congestion, and a brand-new central city emerging from the rubble of the 2011 earthquakes. ‘Room to Breathe: designing a framework for medium density housing (MDH) in Ōtautahi-Christchurch’ seeks to answer the timely question how can medium density housing assist Ōtautahi-Christchurch to respond to growth in a way that supports a well-functioning urban environment? Using research by design, the argument is made that MDH can be used to support a safe, accessible, and connected urban environment that fosters community, while retaining a level of privacy. This is achieved through designing a neighbourhood concept addressing 3 morphological scales- macro- the city; meso- the neighbourhood; and micro- the home and street. The scales are used to inform a design framework for MDH specific to Ōtautahi-Christchurch, presenting a typological concept that takes full advantage of the benefits higher density living has to offer.

Room to Breathe proposes repurposing underutilised areas surrounding existing mass transit infrastructure to provide a concentrated populous who do not solely rely on private vehicles for transport. By considering all morphological scales Room to Breathe provides one suggestion on how MDH could become accepted as part of a well-functioning urban environment.
Visual Tea: EVES: Vision as Touch
Authors:   , Wells Cameron
Published: September 2021

It could be said that the eye plays a relatively passive role in the creation of a design. Our fingers and hands are more capable of drawing, and our voice can be used to communicate our ideas or expressions. Our eyes, however, are a consuming function. They absorb light and allow us to understand, but they do not play an active role. This body of work aims to challenge this conception through a body of design research and self-testing.

By incorporating eye-tracking deeper within these methods, we can begin to discern this technology’s possibilities as a method that encompasses the visual experience as an active input. This thesis is segmented into the two areas of eye tracking utilisation within VR and the design process; passive and active. The passive investigations act as an intermediate phase to understand the extents of eye-tracking as a technology. In comparison, the active investigations act as the culmination and embodiment of this thesis as a whole.

The research will explore the Eye-tracking Voxel Environment Sculptor’s (EVES) development that incorporates eye-tracking as an active design actor. Through the development of EVES, the extent to which eye-tracking can be implemented as an active design medium is investigated. The eye-tracking data garnered from the designer within EVES is directly utilised as an input within a modelling environment to manipulate and sculpt voxels. In addition to modelling input, eye-tracking is also explored in its usability in the Virtual Reality User Interface. Eyetracking is implemented within EVES to this extent to test the limits and possibilities of eye-tracking and the Human-Computer Interface within the realm of Virtual Reality Aided Design.