bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT FOR THE CASH MANAGEMENT OF AN ECONOMIC ENTITY
Authors:   State Tax University, Myskin Yurii , Korniichuk Viktoriia ,   State Tax University, Yatsev Dmytro ,   State Tax University, Solovei Oleksandr ,   State Tax University
Published: January 2025

In the modern economic system, monetary funds hold even greater importance as a multifunctional object of accounting and economic analysis. On one hand, they ensure liquidity, enabling entities to meet obligations and carry out daily operations. On the other hand, effective management of cash flows enhances financial stability and prevents potential insolvency. Proper planning, monitoring, and analysis of cash flows allow businesses to avoid financial risks, maintain operational continuity, and utilize financial resources efficiently. The role of monetary funds in enterprise functioning is reflected in their contribution to maintaining financial stability, liquidity, and optimal resource allocation. They are fundamental to ensuring business continuity, fulfilling obligations, and conducting investment activities. Today, monetary funds remain essential for the functioning of any economic entity, enabling all necessary financial operations to achieve both strategic and operational objectives. Cash held in bank accounts represents the largest portion of financial resources, serving as the foundation for most business transactions, including supplier payments, wage disbursements, and current expenses. Non-cash funds are considered a secure and efficient means of ensuring operational continuity while facilitating the management of large-scale financial flows. Cash flow analysis methods are critical for evaluating a company’s financial condition and its ability to maintain liquidity. Methods like horizontal, vertical, and ratio analysis enable the identification of trends, structural insights, and liquidity assessments. These tools enhance financial decision-making, supporting resilience and growth. In uncertain economic conditions, companies must make informed managerial decisions to safeguard financial stability and solvency. This includes managing current obligations while planning for future operations. Ensuring economic security involves assessing immediate cash needs and creating conditions for stable future operations. Optimization of cash flows is a critical aspect of economic security, balancing cash inflows and outflows to meet needs, synchronizing cash flows over time, and maximizing net cash flow. To achieve efficient management, enterprises must integrate real-time monitoring, accounting systems, and predictive modeling to address financial risks. Ultimately, the foundation of cash flow management lies in a reliable accounting system. It provides accurate and complete data for subsequent analysis, modeling, and forecasting. By enabling scenario-based modeling of cash flows and risk assessment, businesses can navigate uncertainty effectively. This remains a vital area for further research to enhance enterprise resilience and financial strategy optimization.
THE ESSENCE OF COSTS AT ENTERPRISES: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Morhun Kateryna
Published: January 2025

The article summarises views of domestic and foreign scholars on defining the essence of the concept of ‘costs’, which will further allow their classification and efficient management of costs at an enterprise. The research has shown that there is no single approach to this concept in the scientific literature, and the views of scholars are quite diverse. The historical stages of development of cost accounting are characterised. The first scientists who, starting from the beginning of the XVII century, studied the concepts of ‘calculation’ and ‘costs’ are identified. It is substantiated that the definition of the concept of ‘costs’ can be divided into two groups - economic theory and accounting. The works of scientists who give their own definition of this definition are characterised. The reasons for the absence of a single generally accepted approach to the concept of ‘costs’ are identified. The reasons are as follows: each researcher sees in this meaning his own meaning, which from his point of view characterises this particular term; new costs appear on the market, which are constantly changing or supplemented under the influence of various factors; the concept of ‘costs’ carries different information that is required to make management decisions. In accounting, expenses are recognised when incurred, not when reported. Effective cost management at business entities requires new management methods and detailed cost classifications in accordance with the objectives. This will allow you to properly organise an effective cost management process in order to obtain high profits from product sales. Depending on the area of activity in production, the cost expression will differ when making management decisions. A generalised definition of the concept of ‘costs’ has been provided, which will allow further research to use it and study the impact of costs on enterprise management. The factors influencing the costs of enterprises have been formed.
CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL FLOWS IN THE FIELD OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Montyka Yurii
Published: January 2025

This article discusses the features and classification of financial flows in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main types of financial flows, their sources and directions, as well as the risks associated with the management of enterprise finances are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to recommendations for effective management of financial flows, including the implementation of financial accounting systems, planning and budgeting, management of receivables and payables, and inventory optimization. The paper emphasizes the importance of a systematic approach to financial resource management, which allows enterprises to ensure liquidity, reduce risks and create conditions for sustainable development in a dynamic market environment. The results of this study will be useful for entrepreneurs and financial professionals seeking to improve the efficiency of financial flow management in SMEs. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the financial flow characteristic of small and medium-sized enterprises in the situations. The mechanism of attracting investments in small and medium-sized enterprises and the possibility of using external sources of financing are analyzed separately. The influence of tax policy on the formation of financial flows at enterprises of different sizes is studied. This article suggests ways to minimize financial risks by diversifying sources of financing. The importance of an integrated approach to financial management is emphasized to ensure the stable development of the enterprise. The study also highlights the role of digital tools and innovative technologies in optimizing financial flow management. By adopting modern financial software and analytical tools, SMEs can enhance transparency, improve decision-making processes, and adapt to market changes more effectively. Moreover, the article explores the potential of financial literacy programs for entrepreneurs, emphasizing their critical role in fostering better financial discipline and strategic thinking. The analysis underscores the significance of collaboration between SMEs and financial institutions, as well as government support programs, in facilitating access to funding and advisory services. Practical examples of successful financial strategies in SMEs are provided to illustrate how structured and proactive financial management can contribute to growth, competitiveness, and long-term resilience. The findings advocate for a flexible, forward-looking approach tailored to the specific needs and challenges of SMEs, paving the way for sustainable financial stability and business success.
Analisis Usability Testing pada Sistem Informasi Learning Management System (LMS) Universitas Hindu Indonesia Menggunakan Metode System Usability Scale (SUS)
Authors: Ariani Ni Ketut Nopi , Kadek Oky Sanjaya  , I Putu Mahendra Adi Wardana
Published: January 2025

Higher education in today's digital era faces the challenge of integrating technology
effectively to improve the quality of learning. One of the technologies used is the Learning
Management System (LMS), which facilitates interaction between lecturers and students in
teaching and learning activities. Universitas Hindu Indonesia (UNHI) has adopted LMS as part
of its education digitization strategy. However, the effectiveness of using this LMS has not been thoroughly evaluated, especially in terms of ease of use and user satisfaction. This study aims to assess the usability of the LMS at UNHI using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method. By analyzing data from 97 respondents, the results showed a score of 61, which falls within the 'OK' category and grade 'D'. This indicates that although the LMS provides benefits, there are some areas that require improvement. Key findings show that while ease of use is relatively good, there are significant issues with the mobile interface, notification system, and technical capacity. Recommendations for improvement include enhancing the interface for mobile devices,
improving the notification system, and increasing technical capacity to improve the user
experience. These findings provide important directions for the development of a more efficient
and satisfactory LMS at UNHI.
Salud y enfermedad desiguales: las huellas del género
Authors: Espinoza Rivera Iliana , Luna Martínez América
Published: January 2025

La desagregación por sexo de la ocurrencia de eventos de salud permite identificar desigualdades potencialmente relacionadas con estereotipos y roles de género. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar improntas en el trayecto salud-padecimiento-enfermedad, así como sus posibles orígenes en construcciones sexo-genéricas, con el fin último de aportar a la construcción del estado del arte y a la comprensión crítica de dichos aspectos dentro de una investigación de corte fenomenológico. En cuanto a los métodos, se consultaron indicadores de salud en fuentes secundarias, así como líneas teóricas que han abordado las características estereotípicamente femeninas o masculinas que pudieran dar cuenta de contrastes observados. Se encontraron variaciones en la esperanza de vida al nacimiento, causas reportadas de enfermedad y de muerte, además de distinciones en la atención médica, para el escenario mexicano y en su contexto occidental. Se siguieron antecedentes históricos y teorías que buscan explicar factores y comportamientos vinculados con las disparidades. Se concluyó que, dadas las huellas del género en la salud y la enfermedad, es necesario continuar el estudio desde una perspectiva de género, particularmente con base en la teoría feminista, para acrecentar el conocimiento, aportar para su visibilización y posibilitar nuevos abordajes.
Promoting the use of phylogenetic multinomial generalised mixed-effects model to understand the evolution of discrete traits
Authors: Mizuno Ayumi , Drobniak Szymon , Williams Coralie , Lagisz Malgorzata , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: January 2025

Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) are fundamental tools for understanding trait evolution across species. While linear models are widely used for continuous traits in ecology and evolution, their application to discrete traits - particularly ordinal and nominal traits - remains limited. Researchers sometimes recategorise such traits into binary traits (0 or 1 data) to make them more manageable. However, this risks distorting the original data structure and meaning, potentially reducing the information it initially contained. This paper promotes the use of phylogenetic generalised linear mixed-effects models (PGLMMs) as a flexible framework for analysing the evolution of discrete traits. We introduce the theoretical foundations of PGLMMs and demonstrate how univariate and multivariate versions of binary PGLMMs, which might be more familiar to evolutionary biologists, can be conceptually extended to model ordinal and nominal traits. Specifically, we describe ordered and unordered multinomial PGLMMs for ordinal and nominal traits, respectively. We then explain how to interpret regression coefficients and (co)variance components, including associated statistics (e.g., phylogenetic heritability and correlation) from PGLMMs for discrete traits. Using real-world examples from avian datasets, we illustrate the practical implementation of PGLMMs to reveal evolutionary patterns in discrete traits. We also provide online tutorials to guide researchers through the application of these models using Bayesian implementations in R. By making complex models more accessible, we aim to facilitate a more precise and insightful understanding of the evolution and function of discrete traits, which has received relatively limited attention in evolutionary biology so far.
Tribalism vs Democracy in Africa: The Case of Liberia and Sierra Leone
Authors: Issah Hassan Tikumah
Published: January 2025

Both Liberia and Sierra Leone are still grappling with legacies of brutal civil wars (1989 to 2003), with tribalism - the unfair treatment of others on grounds of tribal identity differences - widely regarded as a primary driver of these conflicts. The goal of this study is to find out how the Liberian and Sierra Leonean diaspora in Australia offer solutions to the problem of tribalism, drawing from their own exposures to Australia. The study revolves around the main research question: ‘To what extent, if at all, is tribalism perceived to be a major cause of conflict in your country?’ Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Liberians and 25 Sierra Leoneans across Australia. The thematic content analysis technique was used to categorize themes and patterns across the various interview scripts. One of the main findings was that tribalism promotes conflict by demoting democracy: 76% of the Liberians and 73% of the Sierra Leoneans pparticipants were of the view that the consolidation of a strong civil society and sound democratic culture were essential for a sustainable state of peace and stability in Liberia and Sierra Leone, and that tribalism was thwarting the growth of a strong democratic culture in their home countries. To build a genuine democratic culture in Liberia and Sierra Leone, tribal politics must be banished. Educational and legislative measures should be instituted to stem ethnic voting in national elections.
Verso y Prosa: el Deslinde Ausente en Visión de Anáhuac de Alfonso Reyes
Authors: Valencia Limón Mario Alfredo
Published: January 2025

Visión de Anáhuac de Alfonso Reyes comprende una composición narrativa que no se atiene a las valoraciones de una sola forma literaria, sino que incluye un roce con la poesía, de acuerdo a las consideraciones de Octavio Paz en su obra reflexiva El arco y la lira.
Retílame la Murta, Amálame el Noema y Otras Frases de Amor. Interpretación del Glíglico
Authors: Muñoz Peralta Isaac
Published: January 2025

La narrativa de Cortázar está llena de innovaciones, atrevimientos y peculiaridades, definitivamente Rayuela es uno de los mayores ejemplos de ello. Por eso es necesario, y también interesante analizar cuáles y cómo son los mecanismos que ayudan a poner en marcha toda la maquinaria de la novela, para poder entender cómo funciona de manera interna y qué es lo que la vuelve tan interesante. El trabajo que presento es, entonces, el esbozo del análisis del lenguaje como uno de esos mecanismos: intento entender la función del glíglico en la obra y su funcionamiento intrínseco para darle al lector libertad interpretativa.
Abrir la Puerta para Ir a Jugar
Authors: Coral Aguirre
Published: January 2025

En la actualidad, precisamos que la literatura y el arte vuelvan a ser ilegales, que las nuevas creaciones encarnen conductas alternativas e insumisas ante el poder, el lenguaje y demás factores que determinen hoy nuestras vidas."Víctor Barrera Enderle
Variability of flour quality indicators of soft winter whea genotypes depending on preceding crop
Authors: Shadchyna T. , Kochmarskyi V. , Pravdziva I. , Vasylenko N. , Khoroshko N. , Shevchenko T.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the research results of preceding crop and growing season conditions influence on protein content variation, wet gluten content of varieties and breeding lines of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The purpose of the research was to establish the variability of flour quality indicators formation, namely protein content (PC) and wet gluten content (WGC) of soft winter wheat varieties and breeding lines depending on preceding crops in years with different hydrothermal conditions in environments of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2020/21-2022/23 at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. The influence of five predecessors on protein content and wet gluten content in flour of 12 genotypes of soft winter wheat was determined. Field, laboratory and statistical research methods were used. It was established that years with different hydrothermal conditions reveal unequal effects on the formation of flour quality indicators. It was found that under arid growing conditions the genotypes of soft winter wheat form a higher protein content and wet gluten content. The unequal influence of preceding crops on the formation of flour quality indicators under different research conditions was noted. Higher quality indicators of flour were determined after soybean as preceding crop (PC = 14.9%, WGC = 32.2%) in 2020/21, after corn (PC = 14.8%, WGC = 32.0%) in 2021/ 22, after green fallow (PC = 11.4%, WGC = 25.5%) in 2022/23. During three years the lowest values of protein content (9.4-11.8%) and wet gluten content (13.2- 24.0%) was noted after sunflower. The most stable genotypes of the influence of the predecessor on the protein content were identified – MIW «Feyeriya», MIW «Vidznaka» and «Lutescens 60400» were the most stable ones, while «Lutescens 60049» and «Lutescens 60302» were the most stable according to both indicators of flour quality. The determining influence for year conditions on flour quality indicators was established (PC – 21.9%, WGC – 35.2%): significant (PC – 17.6%, WGC – 17.0%) – predecessor and essential – interaction of factors year × preceding crop (PC – 17.5%, WGC – 10.4 %) and genotype × year × preceding crop (PC – 12.9%, WGC – 8.7%). The genotype share was 4.3% for protein content and 7.6% for wet gluten content. The genotypes with the most and the least parts of the influence of the studied factors were identified. A reliable strong (r = 0.86) linear relationship between protein content and wet gluten content in varieties and breeding lines of soft winter wheat was determined. The identified influence features of predecessors on the formation of flour quality indicators should be taken into account when growing winter wheat.
Key words: Triticum aestivum L., protein content, wet gluten content, growing season conditions, predecessor, variation coefficient, ANOVA.
Review and main aspects analysis of fire protection of forest ecosystems in current conditions
Authors: Lozinska T. , Sytnyk O. , Velyka K.
Published: January 2025

In today’s world fire protection is considered to be of great importance for forest ecosystems. Thus, it requires complex approaches. The main aspects include rapid response, prevention, monitoring and post-fire regeneration. Due to climate change, anthropological impact and increased forest fire frequency modern measures are adapted to new challenges. Forest fire prevention is the basic element of fire safety aimed at avoiding fires. Such preventive measures include forest clearing, creating of firebreaks, raising of public awareness of fire safety, and restricting of vehicle entry and fire burning during fire danger periods. This article points out the necessity of timely fire monitoring and detection using new technologies that enable recognition of fire ignition and estimation of the situation. It is important to use satellite data, video surveillance systems to pinpoint areas of fire ignition and analyze the forest fire extent. Drones are also used for patrolling large territories, fire detection in hardto-reach areas, and weather forecasting (temperature, humidity, wind) in order to identify fire risk zones. The issues of rapid response to forest fires and their timely extinguishing, both manually and with the use of technology, were considered. It has been proven that forest restoration after fires is an important component of ecological balance. There is a need to analyze the ecosystem state and apply corrective measures. Considerable attention should be paid to the protection of biodiversity, especially to the protection of rare species of flora and fauna that may be affected by fires. The issues of implementing innovations to improve the efficiency of fire protection are covered: the use of algorithms for analyzing weather data and forecasting fires, the use of mobile applications and automated response systems. Fire protection of forest ecosystems today is a combination of modern technologies, effective management, social responsibility and adaptation to climate change. An integrated approach and rapid response help to minimize damage and ensure the sustainability of forest ecosystems in the future.
Key words: forest ecosystems, fire protection, biodiversity, innovations, extinguishing agents, technologies.
Comparative assessment of weed infestation of agrophytocenoses under different systems of main cultivation and fertilization of typical chernozem in crop rotation
Authors: Prymak I. , Voytovik M.  , Ezerkovska L. , Karaulna V. , Panchenko O. , Obrajyy S.
Published: January 2025

Segetal vegetation in agricultural crops is a limiting factor in most cases, so the aim of the research was to compare four main tillage systems and four fertilization systems in terms of their anti-weed efficiency and crop rotation productivity, establish the optimal combination of cultivation and fertilization systems. Four-year (2020-2023) studies on the typical deep, low-humus, medium-loam black soils of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University experimental field have established that in a stationary field, a five-field crop rotation with grain rows. indicators of weediness did not differ significantly for shelf-disk (control) and differentiated (shelf-without-shelf-disk) treatments. They increase significantly during shelfless disc and disc processing. Regular changes in actual and potential weediness depending on fertilization systems have not been established. The raw weight of one weed plant is the lowest than differentiated one, the highest is under continuous disk cultivation. It increases with the increase in the rate of applied fertilizers. 165 agrobiologiya.btsau.edu.ua Агробіологія, 2024, № 2 With an increase in the rate of applied fertilizers, it grows. With non-shelf-disk and disk tillage, crop rotation productivity decreases significantly. In terms of dry matter output of commercial products of agrophytocenosis, the crop rotation differentiated soil cultivation system exceeds the control variant, but not significantly (the difference did not exceed 0.25 t/ha with R&D 0.05 0.30 t/ha. The output of dry matter of commercial and non-commercial products is monitored by differentiated shelf-disc (control) only in fertilized areas. With an increase in the fertilizer rate, the wet mass of weeds in soybean and winter wheat agrophytocenosis decreases, while that of corn and sunflower increases.
Key words: soil, crop rotation, fertilizers, cultivation, agrophytocenosis, weed infestation, productivity.
The influence of mineral fertilizer and foliar feeding on the yield and quality indicators of mustard seeds
Authors: Vyshnevsky V. , Vyshnivskyi P.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of studies of the fertilization level influence of mustard species (Sinapis alba, Brassica juncea, Brassica nigra) on the formation of its yield and seed quality in the conditions of the Northern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that each type of mustard responds positively to foliar fertilization with the bio activator of Florone flowering. However, the level of effectiveness of this method depended on the saturation of the studied variants with mineral nutrients and the reaction of the variety to this agricultural measure. The highest yields of mustard were provided by variants with the maximum level of saturation with nitrogen fertilizers against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers at a dose of P60K90. However, the maximum response of the studied varieties of mustard species to foliar fertilization depends on the fertilizer and is the highest in white mustard when N30P60K90 is applied (23.9 %), gray mustard – N45P60K90 (19.4 %) and black mustard – N30P60K90 – 18.3 %. Based on the experimental data obtained, it was found that in mustard varieties, the crude protein content in seeds did not change significantly under the influence of elements in the cultivation technology. In the variants with the introduction of the preparation Florone for the Etalon variety, the protein content was 26.4±0.10 %, Mriya variety – 23.0±0.01 % and Tsarivna Pivnochi – 26.4±0.21 %; oil content, respectively – 41.2±0.10 %, 43.6±0.09 % and 40.0±0.03 %. Indicators of the level of yield and oil content in seeds depended on the influence of the studied factors and determined its total yield, providing a maximum, at the highest level of fertilization in combination with the fertilizer florone – in white mustard of the Etalon variety at the level of 0.93 t/ha, Sarepta mustard of the Mriya variety – 1.01 t/ha and black mustard of the Tsarina of the North – 0.85 t/ha.
Key words: oil content, protein content, oil yield, main fertilizer, foliar fertilization, fertilizer level, yield, quality indicators.
Genotype and seasonal conditions influence on the degree of phenotypic dominance of total bushiness during intraspecific hybridization of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ustinova H. , Lozinskiy M. , Fedoruk Yu. , Samoilyk M. , Filitska O. , Dubova O.
Published: January 2025

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important grain crop in world agriculture. One of the main factors in increasing yield and stabilizing wheat grain production is the rational use of varietal resources that are competitive and suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of certain regions. In the experimental field conditions of the Scientific Research Center of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University in different meteorological conditions in 2018-2020 the highest average total bushiness among varieties (2.0 pcs. stems/plant) was formed in 2020. In 2018 and 2019, the total bushiness was slightly lower and amounted to 1.8 and 1.9 pcs. stems/plant respectively. During the research years, the total bushiness of the parental crossing components had a significant differentiation of 1.4-2.6 pcs. stems/plant. The total bushiness of the hybrids majority obtained in 2018-2020 (1.6-8.9 pcs. stems/plant) significantly exceeded the indicators of parental forms. The maximum average F1 indicator (6.1 pcs. stems/plant) was formed in 2019. The minimum total bushiness (3.7 pcs. stems/plant) was formed by hybrids in 2020. The research has established that the most common type of inheritance of total bushiness in 184 Агробіологія, 2024, № 2 agrobiologiya.btsau.edu.ua 2018-2020 was positive overdominance. Thus, when using early-ripening varieties as the maternal form, positive overdominance was established in 95.0% of hybrids. During the research years positive overdominance was determined in 17 out of 20 crossing combinations. In 2018 and 2019 all first-generation hybrids inherited total bushiness by positive overdominance. When hybridizing by maternal form of mediumearly, medium-ripening and medium-late varieties of soft winter wheat, the determined indicators of the degree of phenotypic dominance in 2018- 2020 indicate that the determination of total bushiness in 97.9% of hybrids occurred by positive overdominance – hp = 2.1-95.0. Intermediate inheritance was observed only in the hybrid «Antonivka/Vidrada» – 2020. According to the research data, it was established that the degree indicators of phenotypic dominance of total bushiness in hybrids depended on both crossbreeding components selection and the year conditions.
Key words: parental forms, hybrids, phenotypic dominance degree, total bushiness, soft winter wheat.
Impact of forest exploitation on soil stability in the Ukrainian Carpathians and ways to improve it
Authors: Kimeichuk I. , Tkachuk O. , Sytnyk O.
Published: January 2025

Evaluation of erosion processes occurring during logging is of great importance for a balanced approach to the use of natural resources and forest ecosystems preservation. The article evaluates erosion processes during logging in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The influence of mountain topography on the risks of erosion and pollution of water streams due to the high steepness of the slopes and the need for specialized equipment for logging operations was analyzed. The need for measures to minimize the impact of logging on the natural environment of mountain regions has been substantiated. The study examines the influence of the hilly and mountainous terrain on the logging activities of the «Putyl Forestry», «Verkhovyna Forestry», «Osmolod Forestry» and «Chernivtsi Forestry» branches. It has been found that more than half of timber harvesting is carried out by tractor skidding. Average skidding distances significantly exceed the optimal values for transport, which complicates the process of exploitation of forest resources and increases their cost. The study shows that the company mainly uses tracked equipment for timber skidding (53.8%), wheeled equipment (11.8%) and horse-drawn transport (34.4%) to a lesser extent. The distribution of developed forest areas indicates the dominance of tracked tractors (88.7%) in final felling, and horsedrawn transport (50.7%) in forest formation and improvement fellings. The data on average distances indicate the high efficiency of tracked tractors and the use of horse-drawn transport at distances exceeding the optimal values in mountainous terrain. The data show that in most areas the distance between horses skidding and a tractor does not exceed 60 meters. The length of skidding trails in the logging areas varies depending on their area, where the main skidding roads are used to transport timber to loading points. The practical significance of the research includes requirements implementation of the «Framework Convention on Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians» and the «Strategic Action Plan for the Implementation of the Protocol on Sustainable Forest Management». The introduction of modern ecological methods of preventing erosion processes on mountain slopes will contribute to greening of logging in the region and will have a significant positive effect in terms of nature conservation.
Key words: wood logging, timber transportation, tractor skidding, felling volume, mountain logging technology, slope steepness, average skidding distance, terrain, loading facilities.
Phytosanitary condition of soybean crops under different fungicide protection
Authors: Mostypan O. , Grabovskiy M. , Pavlichenko K. , Nimenko S. , Ustinova H.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of determining the phytosanitary condition of soybean crops under different fungicide protection. The research was conducted in 2021-2023 in the conditions of Savarske LLC, Kyiv region. Experimental design: Factor A. Varieties. «Amadea», «Aurelina». Factor B. Fungicides. Control (treatment of seeds and plants with water), «Maxim Advance 195 FS», «TH» (1.25 l/t) (seed treatment before sowing), «Vaibrans RFC», t.n. (1 l/t) (seed treatment before sowing), «Selest top 312.5 FS», «TH» (1 l/t) (pre-sowing seed treatment), «Standak Top» (2 l/t) (pre-sowing seed treatment), «Abacus» (2 l/ha) (during the growing season), «Maxim Advance 195 FS», «TH» (1. 25 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Vaibrans RFC», t.n. (1.25 l/t). n. (1 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Seleste top 312.5 FS», «TH» (1 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha), «Standak top» (2 l/t) + «Abacus» (2 l/ha). It was found that at the stage of the first pair of true soybean leaves (BBCH10-12) in the control plots without fungicides using the most common diseases were alternaria – 34.2 %, ascochyta – 30.2 % and fusarium – 24.5 %. During the flowering period (BBCH 65), the percentage of fusarium (20.5%) and ascochyta (28.3 %) decreased and the percentage of alternaria (35.7%) increased, while the percentage of Septoria was 3.1% in the first period and 5.4 % in the second period. In the varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» at the stage of BBCH 12 the prevalence of fusarium, alternaria and ascochitosis were on average 2.2 and 2.7%, 3.7 and 3.0% and 2.7 and 2.1%, respectively, and the disease intensity development was 3.8 and 4.0%, 3.1 and 3.6% and 3.1 and 2.2%, respectively. The efficacy of pre-sowing soybean seed treatment with fungicides reduced the development of Fusarium by 83.3–88.9%, Alternaria by 85.5–90.3% and Ascochitosis by 80.2–89.7% on average in the soybean varieties tested. At the BBCH 65 stage (flowering) in soybean varieties «Amadea» and «Aurelina» the prevalence of fusarium, alternaria and ascochitosis were on average 2.4 and 2.7%, 3.5 and 3.4%, 3.2 and 2.6%. The most effective system for protecting soybean crops against fusarium, alternaria and ascochyta was the combined using of a pre-sowing seed treatment with the fungicides «Maxim Advance 195 FS», «TH» (1.25 l/t), «Vaibrans RFC», t.n. (1 l/t), «Selest Top 312.5 FS», «TN» (1 l/t) and «Standak Top» (2 l/t) and the application of «Abacus» (2 l/ha) during the growing season.
Key words: soybean, variety, fungicides, seed treatment, disease extend, intensity of disease development, preparations efficiency.
A Cross-sectional Study on the Awareness of Breast Cancer in Bangladesh
Authors: Reetu Tanjima Sultana , Shahriar Saimon , Ema Nushrat Jahan
Published: January 2025

Epidemiological knowledge of breast cancer continues to evolve but more needs to be learned. The amount of estrogen and progesterone that the breast epithelium is exposed to over time, primarily during the years of active ovarian activity, appears to be a major determinant of breast cancer risk in women. Possible approaches to primary prevention require a detailed understanding of the factors that influence the onset, regularity and quality of ovarian activity. The present study is a statistical cross-sectional survey. 126 respondents and 49 breast cancer patients were included with the information of knowledge and current life style practices towards cancer prevention. Age ranges, years of education information, gender, marital status and level of awareness related questions were included in the survey questionnaire. Most of the respondents were of age 40+ years, illiterate, female, married and unaware about the knowledge of breast cancer. Survival rate is a part of survival analysis. It is the percentage of people in a study or treatment group still alive for a given period of time after diagnosis. 49 individuals with breast cancer had a survival rate of 63% after 1-3 years, 35% after 1-2 years, and 2% after 4-6 years. Important baseline data on Bangladesh's perception of avoidable cancer risk was supplied by this study. According to the study's findings, lowering Bangladesh's cancer burden will need an extensive cancer awareness campaign.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 28(1): 37-43, 2025 (January)
Assessment of Antibacterial, Antioxidant & Anti-inflammatory Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Typha elephantina Roxb. (Hogla) Leaves
Authors: Kawser Md , Shaily Sharmistha Dhar , Akter Sumiya , Hossain Md Sabbir , Chowdhory Md Raihan , Islam Shahenul , Sarkar Md Raihan
Published: January 2025

Typha elephantina Roxb, locally known as ‘Hogla’ in Bangladesh, is widely found in wet areas. In this work, T. elephantina leaves were used for developing the methanolic crude extract, which afterwards went through antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays in addition to phytochemical investigations. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, phenolics, carbohydrates and flavonoids were identified in the extract. The methanolic extract of the leaves of T. elephantina revealed the highest level of antibacterial activity against E. coli. It exhibited an IC50 of 42.02 μg/ml in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content (TPC) of it was 29.96 milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of test extract. In the anti-inflammatory assay, the extract reduced paw edema 28.8% (p < 0.05) and 38.83% (p < 0.01) in the third and fourth hours of carrageenan administration. Taken together, the leaves of T. elephantina might be considered biologically active.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 28(1): 56-62, 2025 (January)
Preliminary Phytochemical and Biological Investigations on Different Fractional Extracts of Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.) Leaves
Authors: Chowdhury Labuni , Homa Zilly , Tasneem Zakya , Hossen Md Shafiul , Rashid Mohammad A , Ibrahim Mohammed
Published: January 2025

The current study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, thrombolytic, and membrane stabilization properties of the Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Roxb.) leaves by using various fractional extracts. The present study found alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugar, gums, and amides in its hydroalcoholic extract; flavonoids and saponins in its chloroform extract; and steroids and amides in its n-hexane extract. The maximal inhibition values were found for the hydroalcoholic and chloroform fractions in the antioxidant test at a dosage of 100 µg/ml. In addition, at 500 µg/ml concentration, all three extracts demonstrated substantial activity in the anti-inflammatory test accounted for 89.1%, 88.5%, and 82.8% for hydroalcoholic, chloroform, and n-hexane extracts, respectively, compared to the 95.9% for standard (Diclofenac-Na) at the same concentration. In case of thrombolytic activity, the tested extracts showed very weak clot lysis compared to the reference standard, streptokinase. In the membrane stabilization activity test, hydroalcoholic, chloroform, and n-hexane extracts were found to be 52.67%, 50.21%, and 15.52% at 1000 µg/ml, respectively. In comparison, the standard (Aspirin) showed 67.11% at 1000 µg/ml. Thus, overall findings suggested that the hydroalcoholic and chloroform extracts possess significant membrane-stabilizing activity at 1000 µg/ml. 
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 28(1): 63-69, 2025 (January)
Exploration of Genetic Variants Associated with Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hanif Hasibul Islam , Hossen Md Shafiul , Papia Sonia Akther , Trisha Samina Yesmin , Medha Nowsin Tabassum , Ibrahim Mohammed , Rahman Mohammad Sharifur , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: January 2025

Lung cancer (LC) is a widespread and prevalent disease with a high death rate. The occurrence of this terrible disease is greatly influenced by genetic, occupational and environmental risk factors. Therefore, the present review aimed to investigate and accumulate the information regarding the causative gene of lung cancer. The articles included in this study were retrieved from various online sources, including Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science databases up to October 2024. Data were extracted based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The study recognized several genetic mutations that are accountable for the progression of lung cancer. The most common identified lung cancer associated with genes include XRCC1, XRCC4, KRAS, TP53, EGFR, PI3KCA, ERCC2/XPD MET, ALK1, BRAF, HER2, LTKB-1/STK11, AKT1 and MAP2K1. Additionally, HER2, MAP2K1/MEK1, AKT, NRAS and various combinations of co-occurring mutations were also noted as stimulators of this cancer. These genes instigate lung cancer either by impairing DNA repair efficiency or interacting with various signaling pathways that result in cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, such as, PI3k/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B) pathway, MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein) pathway, PKC (protein kinase C), JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway, as well as RAS signaling. Studying epigenetic mechanisms in lung cancer is crucial to understand the genetic variant linked to the disease and identify potential therapeutic targets and molecular targets of drugs.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 28(1): 114-125, 2025 (January)
Bridging gaps in research and practice for early warning systems: new datasets for public response
Authors: Pescaroli Gianluca , Dryhurst Sarah , Karagiannis Georgios Marios
Published: January 2025

Early warning systems (EWSs) are essential for disaster and crisis response, applicable across a wide range of hazards and threats. They are increasingly recognized as pivotal in cross-disciplinary contexts, where diverse expertise is required to manage cascading, compound, and interconnected risks holistically. Despite their critical role, significant gaps persist in understanding the interplay between the technical, social, and organizational elements that underpin effective systems. Drawing on insights from the literature and our work on global datasets, such as the World Risk Poll, this comment paper highlights four key areas: (1) leveraging public behaviors and responses to enhance warning effectiveness; (2) understanding the role of trust in information sources and its influence on warning reception; (3) identifying limitations in existing analyses; and (4) addressing operational challenges such as data accessibility and harmonization. We propose a coherent approach that utilizes multi-country surveys to establish a common benchmark for addressing these issues, identifying shared patterns across diverse geographies, and improving the management of complex events and cross-border crises. This benchmarking effort could reveal actionable insights into regional drivers of EWS effectiveness, ultimately fostering greater international cooperation and advancing the socio-technical integration of disaster risk knowledge into operational resilience.
Supporting a state in developing a working theory of improvement for promoting equity in science education
Authors: Penuel William R. , Neill Tiffany N. , Campbell Todd
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study was undertaken to explore the potential of developing a working theory of improvement for creating a more equitable system of science education at the level of a US state. We ask: How can tools from a long-term research-practice partnership support a state team in initiating improvement research toward promoting a more equitable system of science education?

Methods

This design study took place in winter 2024 in a single state. External partners supported leaders of a single state in the US Northeast to support a process of articulating aims, specifying primary and secondary drivers, and identifying change strategies to promote a more equitable system of science education in the state, grounded in the vision of A Framework for K-12 Science Education (National Research Council, 2012). In this paper, we rely on descriptive analyses of joint meetings and a focus group with state leaders describe the tools supporting the process of development, the team’s use of the tools to generate an early draft of the Driver Diagram, and issues surfaced while developing it with a team of interest holders in the state.

Results

Two meanings of equity emerged as significant within the series of meetings: that of the importance of universal access to professional learning and the importance of students having opportunities to experience culturally relevant instruction. The issues surfaced highlighted the need for infrastructures for professional learning to reach a diverse group of interest holders in science, including teachers, school leaders, and district leaders across the state. They also saw curriculum materials that connect to students’ everyday lives and community priorities as key drivers for equitable change in the system, around which professional learning activities should be organized. The team also surfaced several policy changes needed to implement change strategies, only some of which team members felt they had some authority.

Discussion

Where past researchers have observed that equity can disappear as a focus during implementation of reforms, this study found that developing an aim statement and driver diagram helped energize and refocus a team’s implementation efforts geared toward a vision for science teaching and learning that is focused on ensuring all students can engage in meaningful science learning that is culturally and locally relevant to them.
Determining the levels of pelvic floor disorders in women diagnosed with urinary incontinence: a mix-method study
Authors: Yalazı Rüveyda Ölmez , Demirci Nurdan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Urinary incontinence (UI) significantly affects women’s quality of life and may contribute to pelvic floor disorders. This study aimed to investigate the impact of UI on pelvic floor disorders through a mixed-methods approach.

Methods

A convergent parallel design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected using the “Global Pelvic Floor Disorders Questionnaire,” and semi-structured interviews were conducted for qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, while qualitative data underwent content analysis with MAXQDA Pro 22 software.

Results

Among the participants, 41.7% were diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence, which was associated with the highest level of discomfort. Qualitative findings revealed four main categories: effects on daily life, emotional and psychological effects, coping strategies, and treatment approaches and expectations. Participants reported that UI led to social isolation, reduced self-esteem, and increased anxiety.

Discussion

The findings highlight that UI adversely affects both the physical and psychosocial well-being of women. Addressing this condition requires a holistic approach combining medical treatment with psychosocial support to mitigate its multifaceted impact.
Tomato rot by Rhizopus microsporus alters native fungal community composition and secondary metabolite production
Authors: Napo Mmanoko , Kock Alicia , Alayande Kazeem A. , Sulyok Michael , Ezekiel Chibundu N. , Uehling Jessie , Pawlowska Teresa E. , Adeleke Rasheed A.
Published: January 2025

Rhizopus rot is considered one of the most common diseases influencing global production and yield of horticulture commodities. However, the factors contributing to this pattern of prevalence are uncertain. Here, we focused on R. microsporus, which is known to rely on its endosymbiotic bacterium, Mycetohabitans, to produce toxins that interfere with plant development and inhibit the growth of other fungi. We assessed the impact of the symbiotic R. microsporus harboring its endosymbiont as well as the fungus cured of it on: (1) the magnitude of spoilage in tomato fruits, as evaluated by Koch's postulate for pathogenicity, (2) the shifts in native communities of endophytic fungi inhabiting these fruits, as examined by ITS rRNA gene metabarcoding and (3) secondary metabolites generated by these communities, as analyzed using multi-analyte LC-MS/MS. The pathogenicity test showed that the symbiotic endobacterium-containing R. microsporus W2-50 was able to cause tomato fruit spoilage. This was accompanied by decreased relative abundance of Alternaria spp. and an increase in the relative abundance of Penicillium spp. that may have facilitated the observed spoilage. In conclusion, symbiotic W2-50 appeared to facilitate fruit spoilage, possibly through successful colonization or toxin production by its endosymbiont.