bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New anisotropic diffusion operator in images filtering
Authors: Vera M , Gonzalez E , Huérfano Y , Gelvez E , Valbuena O
Published: March 2020

The anisotropic diffusion filters have become in the fundamental bases to address the medical images noise problem. The main attributes of these filters are: the noise removal effectiveness and the preservation of the information belonging to the edges that delimit the objects of an image. Due to these excellent attributes, through this article, a comparative study is proposed between a new diffusion operator and the Lorentz operator, proposed by the pioneers of anisotropic diffusion. For this, a strategy consisting of two phases is designed. In the first, called operator construction, the composition of functions is used to generate a new diffusion operator that meets with the conditions reported for this kind of the mathematical object. In the second phase, denominated filtering, a synthetic cardiac images database, based on computed tomography, is filtered using the aforementioned operators. According with the value obtained for the peak of the signal-to-noise ratio, the new operator shows similar performance to the Lorentz operator. The implementation of this new operator contributes to the generation of new knowledge in digital image processing context.
Regular time series for physical-chemical water parameters: Total suspended solids and hydrogen potential
Authors: Ortiz J F , Mesa M J , Molina O E
Published: March 2020

The Quindío river is the main water source of the Quindío department, Colombia, which supplies water to 410000 people. Therefore, the study of its water quality is extremely important. If pollution is not monitored and controlled in this water source, diseases could affect the population of people that use the river as a source of water. For this reason, fieldwork was carried out in an area of the Quindío river where the total suspended solid and hydrogen potential parameters were studied. In order to analyze the data that was obtained in the fieldwork, the spine interpolation needed to be performed to generate a new sample where the spatial data was equidistant. To determine the relationship between the total suspended solid and hydrogen potential parameters, two regular time series were built and the second-order vector autoregressive model was adjusted. The model order was suggested by the statistical package Eviews.
Effect of concentration of starch in the properties morphological and structural of porous ceramic based on expansive clays
Authors: Suarez M , Bermudez D , Peña-Rodriguez G , Ferrer M , Dulce-Moreno H J
Published: March 2020

In this article is used the sacrificial material method to generate different porosities between 44.42% and 69.14% in ceramics based on expansive clays from San Jose de Cúcuta metropolitan area, Colombia, to analyze the effect of concentration of starch (porogenic agent) in the morphological and structural properties using calcium carbonate as a stabilizer. The porous ceramics was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, the images were analyzed with the software Image J, Image Tool and Origin. The results showed that the weight concentration of starch has a relationship with the average pore size, the number of pores and the porous area of the samples where the percentage of porous area and the average pore size of the mixtures increases as starch is added due to the decay of the sacrificial material. The number of pores of the mixtures decreased by increasing the weight concentration of the starch due to the agglomeration of the starch.
Comparison of statistical forecasting techniques for Colombian coffee demand in South Korea
Authors: Rincón R D , Palacios W , Paipa H O
Published: March 2020

This article shows a comparison of various methods as a statistical technique for making applied forecasts of Colombian coffee demand in South Korea. The aim is to model the demand behavior in the most adjusted and efficient way possible. To do this, the correlation factor between demand and different macroeconomic variables was analyzed, the one with the greatest relationship is selected and the autocorrelation factor is evaluated. Later, different deterministic methods are used such as linear regression by least squares, simple moving average, weighted moving average, simple exponential smoothing, and exponential smoothing with trend. As a result, a multiple linear regression analysis is obtained, an evaluation of the predictive capacity of the regression model was made through analysis of variance, and the calculation of the standard error of multiple estimation, multiple determination coefficient and the adjusted determination coefficient.
Geometry optimization studies on nonplanar wingtip devices for typical transport aircraft
Authors: Manjunath I B , Kulkarni Venkatesh M , Balaraman P
Published: March 2020

Wings are the main lift generating sources for an aerospace system. Wing design is a complex process that involves selection of many aerofoil design parameters, wing design requirements and considerations. The main focus in this study is to validate nonplanar wingtip design methodologies and make a numerical estimation and comparison of aerodynamic characteristics of non planar wing tip devices and the associated induced drag. Naturally the high pressure on the bottom surface of the wing causes streamlines from underneath the wing to wrap around the tip to the top, thereby equalizing the pressure difference at the tip. This creates the rotating flow commonly known as a wing tip vortex. The current study investigates and assesses the possibility of retrofitting a non planar wing tip device for the rectangular tapered wing configuration without adding any additional weight to the main wing structure. There are basically three case studies. The first one is a validation of predicted experimental data against numerical simulation using FLUENT® tool for classical NACA 23015 aerofoil.

The second one involves taking into consideration possible mounting location of the nonplanar wingtip device on the main wing for smooth operation and gradual lift generation process.

A third case study is comparison of ‘wing alone experimental data’ against ‘wing with nonplanar winglet’data computed using FLUENT® in three dimensional space. Additionally estimation of numerical optimum load distribution is done for one of the optimum nonplanar winglet geometry using MATLAB tool. Finally comparison of MATLAB results with experimental loading is done for clarity.
Numerical modelling of solid hydrogen flow through an extruder die
Authors: Prashanth S R , Arumugam Senthil Kumar , Gangradey Ranjana , Mukherjee Samiran , Kasthurirengan S , Behera Upendra
Published: March 2020

Harnessing energy by nuclear fusion has progressed into technological developments as a result of sufficient progress made in the theoretical investigations. Fueling a tokamak by pellet injection is reported to be most efficient among other fueling techniques. It is thus important to produce a solid hydrogen filament by extrusion process using an extruder-die setup. It is required to arrive at an optimum configuration of the die as the pressure drop in the die decides the load on the extruder. The present analysis focuses on developing a CFD model of a die taking into account the complex rheological behavior of solid hydrogen. A systematic parametric analysis is performed to study the influence of die geometry on the flow behavior. The un-yielded regions are identified from the simulation results. It has been found that the un-yielded region decreases as the contraction ratio and contraction angle is decreased. The un-yielded zone is predominantly present in the region before contraction. However, at lower flow rates, the un-yielded zone appears even after the contraction.
Numerical modelling of right circular cylindrical fin of finite length subjected to conduction and convection losses in transient state
Authors: Boosala Swathi , Darapu Srikanth Satish Kumar
Published: March 2020

Fins are employed for the purpose of enhancing heat transfer from the base of the component, a known fact. In this paper, the performance calculation for uniform cross-sectional circular fin was done by transient analysis. The necessary numerical equations were derived by applying energy balance. Obtained results were compared with standard results. Variation of temperature over the surface of the fin is assumed to be in one dimension only. The equations were checked for forced convection. Stability criteria were obtained for different boundary conditions. Steady state analysis eliminates the influence of temperature increase when subjected to constant heat flow. This condition was considered, and calculations were done for nodes as well as the complete system. The performance parameters for extended surfaces such as effectiveness and efficiency also vary from steady state to transient state. In this context the energy balance for fin was made at macro and micro levels i.e., by finite difference method employing nodes and overall energy balance.
Analytical Approximate Solutions of Non Linear Partial Differential Equations using VIM, VIADM and New Modified KVIADM
Authors: Sheth Shruti S , Singh Twinkle R
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the Analytical Approximate Solutions of the Non Linear Partial Differential Equations such as Non Linear Wave Equations and In viscid Burgers’ Equation using Variational Iteration Method (VIM), Variational Iteration Adomian Decomposition Method (VIADM) and New Modified Kamal Variational Iteration Adomian Decomposition Method (New MKVIADM). VIM is a powerful tool to solve the differential equations which gives fast consecutive approximations without any conditional assumptions or any further transformations which may change the physical behaviour of the problem. Adomian Decomposition method is also an efficient method which handles the linear and non linear differential and integral equations with Initial and Boundary Conditions. It provides an efficient numerical solution in the form of an infinite series which is obtained iteratively. It usually converges to the exact solution using Adomian polynomials. Kamal Transform is a very recent new arrival of an integral transform which is commanding to solve the linear initial value problems. To check the efficiency of these methods, we have illustrated two non linear wave equations and one In Viscid Burgers’ equation. Objective of this paper is that, how rapidly these methods converge to the exact solution in the closed form, in the given domain for the given initial conditions, and still how it sustains the high accuracy and precision. Our aim in this paper is try to employ the combination of three different kinds of methods. The strategy of the methods is outlined and in view of the convergence of the methods and to show how it fulfils the objectives.
An approximate analytical solution of non linear partial differential equation for water infiltration in unsaturated soils by combined Elzaki Transform and Adomian Decomposition Method
Authors: Varsoliwala A C , Singh T R
Published: March 2020

The aim of the concerned paper is to describe the behaviour of the water infiltration problems in unsaturated soils. Governing equation of this phenomenon is known as Richards’ equation. The solution of the Richards’ equation has been found by Elzaki Adomian Decomposition Method. This method gives a solution in terms of convergent series. Comparison of the approximate solutions and exact solutions have been found here. MATLAB and MATHEMATICA are used to obtain numerical and graphical representation.
Curved domain discretization with boundary defined by polar equations
Authors: Vijayakumar Kallur V , Hariprasad A S
Published: March 2020

A domain discretisation procedure for a planar curved domain with boundary in polar equations is presented. The curved domain is split into curved triangles and then to a fine mesh of linear triangles in the interior and curved triangles or linear triangles near to the boundary. Later by inserting midside nodes to these triangles 6-node triangles obtained further each one into four triangles. The mesh conformity is preserved by applying similar procedure to every triangle of the domain. This procedure is applied to discretize the star shaped curved domain or cracked convex curved domains into all triangles and then into all quadrilaterals. Thus we generate a triangular and a quadrangular finite element mesh. The refinements to the mesh are obtained by increasing the number of divisions of the boundary curve. This discretization of curved domains will reduce the computational complications in the evaluation of integrals, which has lot of practical applications.
Influence of magnetic field on a curved circular plate and flat plate lubricated with non-Newtonian fluid
Authors: Hiremath A G , Hanumagowda B N , Siddharama P , Jagadish P
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a Analytical study of the effect of magnetic field on the performance of flat and curved circular plate with Non-Newtonian fluids. From the Stokes theory a Modified Reynolds equation is derived. The solution for pressure, load capacity and squeeze time is obtained to study the influence of transverse magnetic field and couple stress parameter on these characteristics. The non-dimensional pressure, load and squeeze film time is computed numerically and presented graphically. The results predicts that, the effect of Hartmann number M
0 and Non-Newtonian fluid l
* is improved in pressure, load carrying capacity significantly whereas delay in squeezing time as compared to the non-magnetic(NMC) and Newtonian(NC) cases.
Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Performance of Pin Fin by Shape Modification
Authors: Bharath S , Rakesh R , Ponangi Babu Rao , Ananthu M , Raj Ashwin , Majumder Aritra
Published: March 2020

Rate of heat transfer is an important parameter of heat exchangers, mostly it is affected by fins geometry. To achieve maximum heat transfer, shape of the fins plays a major role. In the present work an attempt is made to study the heat transfer performance in terms of temperature difference and pressure drop of pin fin heat sink with constant base heat flux is studied using commercial CFD software (ANSYS). Three geometries of pin fin have been designed by keeping the same cross-sectional area. CFD analysis have been carried out in both free and forced convection with transient formulation. Results have been compared with circular shape fin.
Development and testing of in-stream domestic turbine at building scale
Authors: Puneeth S , Chethana K Y , Anup T J , Kaushik S
Published: March 2020

All In stream turbine may be a source of renewable energy that empower mechanical, metropolitan and rural areas to generate clean, dependable, low-cost power from their potential available. Here the core rotating part of the turbine is fabricated by 3D printing and fixed to turn axially inside a round and hollow pipe beneath the control of liquid streaming either heading there through the liquid will strike the edges of the turbine and in this way giving the rotating movement to the generator shaft. The edges of the turbine are turned in a plane that is slanted at a relative point to the rotational pivot of the central shaft. The edges of the turbine are outlined and analyzed by computational fluid dynamics considering the aero-foil section to optimize and decrease the resistance of the hydrodynamic flow also experimental work has done to find out the power output and electricity generation.
Experimental study of Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
Authors: Subramanyam J , Bhanodaya Reddy G , Raghavendra N , Vijayasimha Reddy B G
Published: March 2020

Waste heat energy harvesting aims to supply electricity to electric or electronic systems from different energy sources present in the environment without grid connection or utilization of batteries. These energy sources are solar (photovoltaic), movements (kinetic), radio-frequencies and thermal energy (thermoelectricity). The thermoelectric energy harvesting technology exploits the Seebeck effect. This effect describes the conversion of temperature gradient into electric power at the junctions of the thermoelectric elements of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) device. This device is a robust and highly reliable energy converter, which aims to generate electricity in applications in which the heat would be otherwise dissipated. The significant request for thermoelectric energy harvesting is justified by developing new thermoelectric materials and the design of new TEG devices. Potential TEG applications as energy harvesting modules are used in medical devices, sensors, buildings and consumer electronics. Present work is experimental study and analysis of thermoelectric energy harvesting and their low-power applications, and calculation of figure of merit which is dimensional less number for deciding harvesting efficiency.
Development of vertical axis wind turbine by Maglev suspension – An innovative approach
Authors: Sriganesh T G , Naveen G J , Vishnu P
Published: March 2020

Renewable energy sources like wind turbines are gaining more importance in recent years as apprehension of environment pollution has increased. Many developments have taken place to utilize solar and wind energy. Wind is present everywhere at all time but wind turbines are present in few places to generate power. An attempt has been made to make use of wind even from small regions by developing prototype of vertical axis wind turbine using maglev suspension to harness power. PVC pipes were used as wind turbine blades; simple and economic materials were also used in making this wind turbine. A new approach of having placed the magnets (double ended arrangement) has been experimented in this work. The voltage generated in double ended arrangement for different wind speeds was twice the voltage as that of single ended arrangement. The aim is to use simple low density material as wind turbine blade and generate power by magnetically levitated system. A new way of placing the neodymium permanent magnet and coils were deployed on the wind turbine plates and experimented in this work. On rotation of the wind turbine the magnetic arrangement would create axial flux while passing over copper coil arrangement.
Performance analysis of plate-fin heat exchanger used for case drain oil cooling application in variable displacement pumps
Authors: Ramachandra Karthik S , Manjunatha S S , Seetharamu K N
Published: March 2020

Variable displacement pumps are commonly employed in fluid power equipment. In applications involving variable displacement pumps, overheating of oil is a frequently encountered problem necessitating an effective oil cooling solution. In this work, the thermo-hydraulic performance analysis of an air blast hydraulic oil cooler, which is a compact heat exchanger (Brazed Aluminium Plate-Fin type) with surface heat enhancement feature in the form of rectangular offset strip fins is presented. The performance models available in the literature present correlations for f and j factors limited to a particular surface geometry and Reynolds number Re range. In the present work a detailed theoretical thermo-hydraulic analysis of an existing heat exchanger is presented using models available in the literature and also experimentally validated using a developed test-rig. The performance parameters derived from f and j factors like exchanger effectiveness, heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop are amply addressed. It was found that, cooler effectiveness varied only slightly with increasing oil inlet temperatures; whereas effectiveness decreased with increasing flow rates. The heat transfer rates increased with increasing oil flow rates and also with increasing oil inlet temperatures. The pressure drop on the oil side was found negligible.
On the operating temperature of heat pipes
Authors: Praful S , Prajwal Rao V , Vijeth V , Bhagavath Skanda V , Seetharamu K N , Narasimha Rao R
Published: March 2020

The relationship between the operating temperature of heat pipes and the maximum heat transport capacity posed by the heat pipe capillary limit is often overlooked. It is demonstrated through heat pipe experiments that for a given heat input, there exists a minimum temperature for the heat pipe system to operate. This phenomenon occurs due to the temperature dependence of the thermo-physical properties of the working fluid in the heat pipes and the working temperature range of the heat pipe system can thus be discerned by the capillary limit equation in conjunction with the heat pipe transient equation obtained by energy conservation. It may sometimes seem counterintuitive in the sense that if a heat pipe system is aided by a fan (and therefore increase the heat transfer coefficient), then the heat pipes break down and reduce the effectiveness of the thermal management system. This is due to the fact that heat pipes have excessively high effective thermal conductivity and their breakdown leads to heat transfer only through their constituent materials, whose thermal conductivities are lesser by at least an order of magnitude. Heat pipes in a thermal management system must therefore be meticulously designed for precise temperature ranges.
Steam condensation by heat pipes
Authors: Mallikharjuna Rao T , Srinivasa Rao S
Published: March 2020

The present paper describes the usage of heat pipes for phase transformation of steam that is steam condensation. The application of heat pipes were reviewed and it is found that heat pipes were never explored for steam condensation since its inception. Hence, a heat pipe had been designed for condensation purpose and the features of this designed heat pipe like, material of construction, length, and diameter were presented. The thermodynamic limits of the designed heat pipe were calculated theoretically. Practical results of experiments were also presented.
Thermal performance of a Divided-flow type Shell and Tube Compact Heat Exchanger
Authors: Nagaraj S , Nagaraj Abhijeeth , Karthik N
Published: March 2020

Shell and Tube heat exchanger is widely used as heat-transfer equipment in various process industries. The paper attempts to understand the flow, heat transfer characteristics and the effectiveness of the divided-flow type heat exchanger. The study is based on the CFD based simulation methods and the experimental methods. The study provides the flow and heat-transfer characteristics of the divided-flow type heat exchanger by using validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Results are obtained for the temperature, velocity and turbulence intensity distributions in the flow domain. The results from the simulation and experimental study are used in determining the effectiveness (ξ) of the heat exchanger using Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) and Number of Transfer Units (NTU). The simulation and experimental performance are found to be in good agreement highlighting the minimization of losses in the experimental setup. This confirms the accuracy of the flow-based heat and turbulence distributions. The effectiveness value shows that the heat exchanger can be used for compact applications
Impact of preheat zone properties on the flammability limits of crude biogas combustion in a two-layer porous radiant burner
Authors: Devi Sangjukta , Sahoo Niranjan , Muthukumar P
Published: March 2020

The present work is aimed at comprehending the combustion phenomena of crude biogas in a Porous Radiant Burner (PRB), with varying properties of the porous inserts. In this regard, experimentation has been done on an in-house developed two layered PRB, incorporated with porous combustion zone (CZ) and preheat zone (PZ). Combustion in PRB is based on the concept of excess enthalpy where heat from the burnt products preheat the fresh fuel air mixture to give enhanced combustion. Hence, the porous inserts used in the PRB have a significant role to play in its performance characterization. This investigation is thus aimed at studying the effect of PZ porosity and thickness on the lean stable flame limits and the position of stable flame inside the PRB. The CZ was composed of SiC foam (porosity 90%), while straight hole Al2O3 ceramic with varying porosity and thickness were used as the PZ for the test cases. The investigation was done for the varying input powers of 5 to 10 kW. Results indicate that PZ porosity and thickness has a significant influence on flame stability. One particular case, where the PZ porosity was 7% and thickness of 15 mm offered the best lean stable combustion, within the equivalence ration of 0.75-0.97.
Effect of Mix waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a CRDI engine
Authors: Kiran C H , Ganesh D B , Banapurmath Nagaraj , Chinmay G S
Published: March 2020

In fast-moving world, energy crisis and waste disposal are increasing day by day. To overcome the energy crisis, it is crucial that we consume less energy. The world contains potential resources to meet the demand of energy apart from electricity, highest demand among all sources. Hence to gear up the use of alternative methods from the wastes into an alternate fuel. The transportation is playing a major role in economic growth and globalization, but cause air pollution in all medium. In regard to crisis, biodiesel production from locally available mix waste cooking oil, which can be an major alternative to production of biodiesel apart from food resources. The aim of this paper is to extract the biodiesel from mix waste cooking oil using conventional methods and study the performance of B20 biodiesel blends with respect to best fuel injection time (IT), Injection opening pressure (IOP) and number opening holes in injector using common rail direct injection engine (CRDI). The experimental studies showed that waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) at 27 deg before top dead centre and IOP 240 bar, B20 blend gives better results and 5 holes 0.3 mm injector nozzle give 31.7% Brake thermal efficiency, 37 HSU smoke, 37 ppm Hydrocarbon, 0.115% carbon monoxide of volume and reduce in 2% of nitrogen dioxide without any modification of engine.
Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of B20 fish biodiesel blended with waste plastic oil on a diesel engine
Authors: Deepak kumar T , Manjunatha  , Ramesha D K
Published: March 2020

Depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution are major challenges in the present world. Main pollution sources are the Plastic waste and automotive emissions. The present work deals with usage of the oil obtained from waste plastic blended with Fish Biodiesel. In order to carry out the study on plastic wastes, pyrolysis process was used. Pyrolysis runs without oxygen and in high temperature of about 250-300 °C. Fish Biodiesel was obtained from waste fish leftovers and transesterification was used to obtain Fish Oil Methyl Ester (FOME). B20FOME is obtained by blending 20% FOMEwith 80% Diesel. The 10% of fuel obtained from waste plastic is blended withB20FOME to obtain B20FOME10WPO. For conducting the various experiments,10HP single cylinder 4 stroke direct injection water-cooled diesel engine is employed. The engine is made to run at 1500rpm and the load is varied gradually from 0-100%. The BTE of biodiesel blend and bio diesel blend with plastic oil was increased by 3.82% and 10.02% respectively than that of diesel. UBHC and CO emissions were found to be lower than that of diesel. Whereas NOx emission and smoke opacity were observed to be marginally higher than that of diesel. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics are observed. It reveals that fuel properties are comparable with petroleum products. Converting waste plasticsinto fuel hold great promise for both the environmental and economic scenarios.
Effect of Modifications of Piston Bowl Geometry in Stationary Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel–A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mohan Das A N , Harish G , Palan Shravan R , Shetty Shravan , Hubli Sourabh Sanjay , Binani Vivek
Published: March 2020

The fossil fuels are depleting at an alarming rate and as a result its cost is also increasing rapidly. Effect of fossil fuel emissions in the atmosphere is observed more. In this context, effective alternator with suitable changes in the existing CI engine are required. One such alternator is Biodiesel. As literature reveals that usage of Biodiesel in the existing engine will not give the original performance as diesel. Therefore, it is necessary to study the suitable changes that are to be done in the existing engine.

Piston Bowl Geometry (PBG) is the major factor in diesel engine, even slight modifications done in the PBG gives the large changes in the fuel consumption rate, Performance, Emissions and combustion parameters.

This present article, reviews the detailed study of various Piston Bowl Geometries such as Re-entrant type, Toroidal type, trapezoidal, shallow depth etc.., in relevance with its design, performance, emissions and combustion characteristics. And it also reviews the suitability of modified PBG with Biodiesel fuelled CI engine as compared to existing Hemispherical PBG diesel engine which can be used in future to overcome the problems encountered in petroleum based fuel engines.
Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from fish oil after extracting omega 3 fatty acid
Authors: Ajith B S , Math M C , Manjappa S , Manjunath Patel G C
Published: March 2020

The dynamic working nature of modern industries demand huge energy requirement to sustain their operation. Till date, fossil fuels are the primary energy sources and their extinct being a serious threat to many industries including automotive sectors. Biodiesel fuels are limelight to many industries due to their inherent carbon neutral and eco-friendly characteristics. Waste oils (fish oil) is a potential biomass feedstock which offers excellent technological benefits over petroleum and other vegetable oils. The biodiesel (i.e. residue from fish oil after extracting omega-3 fatty acid) production is done with two-stage transesterification process. Biodiesel at different proportions (B10, B20, B30 B100 indicate 10%, 20%, 30% and 100% of biodiesel) are blended with neat diesel fuel to know the practicality of fuel properties, performance and emission characteristics. The performance and emission characteristics are tested at different loading (from no-load to full load) conditions of single cylinder compression ignition engine. The B10 designated fuel resulted in close proximity values of conventional diesel in terms of fuel properties, performance and emission characteristics.
Fluorescence properties of aromatic asymmetric di-ketone compound in polar and non-polar solvents
Authors: Muddapur G V , Melavanki Raveendra , Sharma Kalpana , Srinivasa H T , Thipperudrappa J , Patil N R
Published: March 2020

Using the quantum chemical and solvatochromic shift technique aromatic unsymmetric di-ketone compound1-(4’-dodecyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione (DK1) fluorescence properties were estimated. The excitation and emission band of recently synthesized DK1 have been examined in various dissolvable. The dipole moments evaluated utilizing Gaussian software and Solvatochromic correlations. Evaluated (μg
) value by Gaussian method is comparatively larger than the solvatochromic shift methods. It is seen that the energized state dipole moments (μe
) are more prominent than the ground state dipole moment (μg
) which authorizes π → π* transition. The (Δμ) were also estimated both from solvatochromic shift method and microscopic solvent polarity parameter (ET
N
) and results are compared. The kinetic stability and chemical reactivity of the selected molecules have been studied with the help of quantum chemical properties of the molecule and Frontier molecular orbital analysis using DFT.
Fluorescence spectroscopic studies on preferential solvation and bimolecular quenching reactions of Quinolin-8-ol in binary solvent mixtures
Authors: Sharma Kalpana , Melavanki Raveendra , Muttannavar V T , Bhavya P , Meghana U , Suma B
Published: March 2020

On account of the importance towards solvent mixtures in practical chemistry, binary solvent mixtures of acetonitrile (AN) and 1, 4-dioxane (DX) are used to study fluorescence behavior of this organic compound namely Quinolin-8-ol (QO). At the outset, preferential solvation is examined in AN-DX for this QO, in order to understand specific and nonspecific interactions. Further Suppan’s dielectric enrichment model is implemented to identify the non-ideality and dielectric enrichment in AN-DX for preferential solvation. Bimolecular quenching reaction studies of Quinolin-8-ol have been carried out in mixtures of AN-DX to study the effect of dielectric constants and viscosity at room temperature. The quenching process is studied in all solvent mixtures by Steady state and Transient state method. Quenching is characterized by Stern-Volmer (S-V) plots having downward curvature. Interestingly, for moderate quenching concentration, downward curvature has been observed for the title molecule. The inter and intra molecular hydrogen bonding has profound role in the formation of different conformers in QO. Further, modified S-V equation is applied to analyze the fluorescence quenching reactions of QO molecule.
Effect of temperature on fluorescence quenching and emission characteristics of laser dyes
Authors: Deepa H. R. , Thipperudrappa J. , Suresh Kumar H. M.
Published: March 2020

Effect of temperature on fluorescence quenching and emission characteristics of laser dyes (LD – 473) and (LD – 423) have been investigated in the temperature range 25°C - 65°C by steady state and transient methods. The fluorescence intensity of both dyes is quenched in the presence of quencher aniline at different temperatures. Stern-Volmer (S-V) plots are non-linear showing positive deviation. It has been found that dynamic quenching constant increases with temperature, whereas static quenching constant is independent of temperature. In both the dyes, Fluorescence emission intensity has decreased with increase in temperature and fluorescence band maxima is slightly shifted towards shorter wavelength. Further, fluorescence lifetime has decreased with increase in temperature for both the dyes. The possible deactivation mechanisms are discussed.
Investigation of bending properties of E-Glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for applications in micro wind turbine blades
Authors: Singh Sachidanand , Hanumantharaju H.G. , Teja Yadla Sai Ravi , Hemanth Rao Yadav S , Srivatsa Shreyas
Published: March 2020

Polymer matrix composites are divided into thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers reinforced with organic or inorganic fiber. Use of composites is increasing in the field of engineering applications due the fact that they are satisfying the required mechanical properties. The present study is made on Sandwich composite with E-Glass fiber reinforced Epoxy composite skin and Balsa wood core. E-Glass fiber reinforced composite is an immensely versatile material due to its light weight, inherent strength, weather resistance, finish and also due to variety of surface textures. Though carbon fibers are more rigid then eglass fiber, we choose e-glass for its lower cost and are better suited to extreme flex patterns. The composite consist of E-Glass fiber, epoxy resin namely Ly556 and Hardener 951. E-glass is a low alkali glass with a typical nominal composition of SiO2 54wt%, Al2O3 14wt%, CaO+MgO 22wt%, B2O3 10wt% and Na2OK2O less then 2wt%. Some other materials may also be present at impurity levels. Tensile test, compression test and three point bending test etc. has to be carried out to better understand the mechanical properties of composite material. In this study three point bending test is discussed. This study is done keeping in mind the use of E-Glass fiber and epoxy resin composite in micro wind turbine blade.
Recent Advances in Gifford-McMahon Cryocoolers
Authors: Vikas R , Kasthurirengan S.
Published: March 2020

Cryocoolers are devices which produce the required refrigeration at a specific low temperature, and they can replace the normal cryogenic fluids. Cryogenic fluids give refrigeration only at a specific temperature whereas cryocooler can produce refrigeration at varying low temperatures. There are many types of cryocoolers like Pulse tube, Stirling, Joule-Thomson, Gifford-McMahon (GM) etc. Many advances have occurred over the years in these cryocoolers. For obtaining very low temperatures along with large cooling powers GM and Pulse tube cryocoolers are found to be better among the others. Hence, this article focuses the advances in GM cryocoolers. This article discusses the working of GM cryocooler, importance of regenerator material and how one can use special regenerator materials to reach very low temperatures. Further, the advances in these cryocoolers such as the use of Labyrinth finish regenerators to obtain higher cooling powers etc. are also discussed. It is presumed that the reader obtains a basic understanding of the GM cryocooler, latest developments and the possible future areas for research from this article.
Investigation of matrix fin based effluent cooling system
Authors: Keshav M , Nagaraj Shanmukha , Gudda Sangamesh
Published: March 2020

The aviation market is expected to achieve a compound annual growth rate of 3% over the forecast period 2019 to 2024. The main objective of this project is to increase the cooling effectiveness of the transply effusion cooling system using matrix fins. The geometric parameters of the matrix fin are optimised using MATLAB and these are used to design the matrix fin within the effusion cooling system. The design of the effusion cooling system was taken from the standard designs which are currently in use. The cooling effectiveness of the matrix fin based transply effusion cooling system was calculated using the temperature values that are obtained from the analysis for different conditions of inlet and outlet fluid temperature. For hot gas inlet temperature 500K the average temperature of the cooling system was 356.011K. Similar analysis is conducted on the effusion cooling system without the matrix fin design with inlet fluid temperature 500K the average temperature of the cooling system was 384.966K. To see the effect of increase in the temperature of the combustion chamber the hot fluid inlet temperature is increased to 850K the average temperature of cooling system was357.612K. The outcome of the analysis was that the cooling system with the matrix fins had better cooling effectiveness than the cooling system without the matrix fins.
Review of Passive Cooling Methods for Buildings
Authors: Chetan Vaddin , Nagaraj Kori , Kulkarni Prakash S , Modi Shiva Kumar , Kempaiah U N
Published: March 2020

An energy crisis has become a challenging issue all over the world. More than 40% of energy consumption (or more than that) is due to buildings. People were and are always looking to improve indoor conditions. Cold countries are worried about keeping the space warm whereas hot countries are worried about keeping the space cooler. There has been an exceptional increment in the utilization of air conditioning system, air coolers and fans for cooling the buildings all around the globe. The cooling load requirements of buildings have witnessed a severe energy crisis in developing countries, particularly during summer for the last two decades. Increasing consumption of energy is also one of the reasons and has led to environmental pollution resulting in global warming and ozone layer depletion. To overcome the above-said problem, we have to go with different types of cooling systems. Passive cooling and Active cooling are the two main types of cooling systems. In Active cooling technique mechanical energy in one or other form is used to cool the interior of the building (ex: Air-Conditioning (A/C), Ceiling fans etc.) which requires power source to provide the desired effect, whereas, Passive cooling technique is natural method of cooling buildings is least expensive, and it mainly depends on interaction of building and its surrounding. This paper aims to present a review of different types of Passive cooling technologies to reduce the cooling load on buildings.
Innovative Types of Buildings and Materials Reorganization as Systems in the Cyberphysics of Techno-Science
Authors: Losev K Yu , Chulkov V O , Nazirov B E
Published: March 2020

The study dedicates to innovative types of construction reorganization such as renovation, reversal, recombination, retreatment, which have been implementing in varying degrees in construction practice. The objects of study are innovative types of buildings and materials reorganization as cyberphysical systems. The task of the study was to analyze the modern scientific and technological development of society as the techno-science domain area, then to determine a place of cyberphysics in the environment of techno-science and present an interaction analytical model of cyberphysics, techno-science and the complex of innovative types of buildings and materials reorganization. An infographic modelling as a particular consideration level of objects in the techno-science domain area has been used as a method in the study. Conclusions of the study show that the correct interaction infographic model is based on the theory of multipoint logics. Currently, the most relevant model for innovative type of construction reorganization for the housing and communal complex of the Russian Federation is a model of renovation. Foreign and domestic open scientific publications on the subject are summarized in the present study.
Autonomous Network of Seismic Stations of the Island of Matua
Authors: Dudchenko I P
Published: March 2020

Currently, the majority of seismic stations installed in the Far East automatically continuously transmit data to processing centers. But none of the network’s seismic stations is autonomous in the full sense of the word. All these seismic stations are located in places where there is a power supply system and cellular communication. Some seismic stations do not transmit data due to the absence of a cellular network, and are powered by regularly replaced batteries, so they require regular visits to save data and replace batteries.
Investigation of Methods for Increasing of Energy Efficiency of Hot Water Boilers of Small and Average Capacity at the Expense of Reduction of Heat Losses with Exit Gases
Authors: Biryuzova E A
Published: March 2020

Boiler units, being a considerable time in use, lose their effectiveness and even the high-quality performed commissioning works, are not always able to increase the efficiency (coefficient of efficiency) of such unit up to the declared values of parameter chart. Both domestic and foreign boiler equipment have this problem. This issues is reflected in increase of exit gases temperature and, consequently, increase of value of heat losses with exit gases and decrease in efficiency of boiler unit. The purpose of the investigation is to select the most effective way to solve this problem and at the same time the least expensive in terms of investment and modernization of the used equipment. Analytical and experimental studies of q
2, the value of heat losses with exit gases, domestic and foreign boiler units of small and average capacity were carried out. The obtained results allow us to formulate recommendations for improving the energy efficiency of boiler equipment for operating organizations and for organizations on the balance of which such equipment is located.
Heat Loss through External Enclosure Structures in the Stage of their Wetting and Freezing
Authors: Beregovoi A M , Beregovoi V A
Published: March 2020

An approximate estimate of the thermal conductivity of the material of the external enclosure structure is given under stationary heat transfer conditions, taking into account the various humidity of material and conditions of freezing of outside layer. There were given the calculated values of resistance to heat transfer for two considered designs of external enclosures: single-layer wall of inorganic material and the same with a screen (siding), separated from the wall by a ventilated air layer. The computational model showed an increase in the thermal conductivity of the material in the wet and frozen zones of the structures, a decrease in their total value of resistance to heat transfer, and rise in heat loss, compared to the normative method of calculation.
Influence of Type of Filler and Dispersive Reinforcement on the Nature of Structured Formation and Deformative Properties of Vibrocentrifuged Concrete
Authors: Stel’makh S A , Shcherban E M , Sysoev A K
Published: March 2020

It is noted that vibrated centrifuged fiber-reinforced concrete structures have a range of advantages over their analogues. Their research is of apparent scientific&practical interest for modern construction. The authors describe the course and results of the research on the filler and disperse reinforcement impact on shrinking deformation and creeping of vibrated centrifuged concretes. The equipment for research conduct is presented. The results of defining the shrinkage and creeping are provided in a graphical form. The authors draw the conclusion that the shrinking and creeping deformation of vibrated centrifuged concrete on dense fillers reduces if combined filler&disperse reinforcement are applied. The article gives the rationale and potential for incorporating porous fillers and disperse fibers into the vibrated centrifuged concrete mixes. In addition, structural formation of vibrated centrifuged fiber concretes is considered. The recommendations for construction by recipe and processing factors are given.
Mathematical Modeling of the Annual Consumption of Gas-Air Mixture on the Basis of Technical Butane for Household Needs of Individual Residential Buildings
Authors: Osipova N N , Grishin B M , Kultyaev S G
Published: March 2020

Increasing share of private house building in the suburban zone of large cities, neighborhoods with townhouses, and suburban settlements with permanent residence of people requires intensive construction of engineering systems, including gas supply systems. The speed of providing built-up areas with pipeline network gas does not always keep up with the pace of housing construction, it is not economically feasible and may not be possible due to the relief features of the terrain. In this case, one of the possible sources of gas supply is autonomous gas supply systems based on gas-air mixtures. The most economically attractive one is the mixture of butane and air. At the same time, the recommendations for the determination of gas consumption regimes based on gas-air mixtures are very limited in the literature. Development of reasonable recommendations for determination of gas and air mixture consumption will ensure correct selection of gas supply elements, which causes reduction of cost of autonomous gas supply systems in general and will increase their attractiveness to the consumer.

A mathematical model for determination of annual consumption of gas-air mixture on the basis of technical butane for municipal and household needs is proposed, taking into account climatic features of the terrain, the aspect ratio of the object under study, the degree of glazing of the building facades, and the height of the floor. On the basis of the correlation analysis of mathematical modeling results, the dependences for determination of consumption of gas-air mixture for municipal and household needs of the building are proposed.