bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enantioseparation of amino acid and mandelic acid enantiomers using Josiphos‐metal complexes as chiral extractants
Authors: Wang Hou , Yang Yanning , Qin Shuping , Hu Kangyu , Zhong Changyuan , Ouyang Junying , Liu Xiong
Published: January 2023

The development of new and efficient chiral extractants has always been the research hotspot and difficulty in the field of chiral extraction. Josiphos, a famous ferrocene derivative catalyst, is employed as a chiral extractant in enantioseparation of amino acid and mandelic acid enantiomers. The influences of metal ions, organic solvents, pH of the aqueous solution, extractant concentrations, and extraction temperature on enantioselectivities are systematically studied. The result reveals that Josiphos‐Pd has good capabilities to enantioseparate 4‐nitro‐phenylalanine (Nphe), 3‐chloro‐phenylglycine (Cpheg), and mandelic acid (MA) with separation factors (α) of 3.30, 2.65, and 2.18, respectively. The pH of the aqueous phase and Josiphos‐Pd concentration affect the extraction significantly, whereas extraction temperature shows little influence. After optimizing by response surface method, the mathematical models for extractions are established. And the highest experimental performance factors (pf) for Nphe, Cpheg, and MA are 0.1843, 0.1335, and 0.08884, respectively.
Evaluation of a Low‐Fat Low‐Calorie Meal on the Relative Bioavailability of Trametinib and Dabrafenib: Results From a Randomized, Open‐Label, 2‐Part Study in Healthy Participants
Authors: Tan Eugene Y. , Pazdirkova Marketa , Taylor Amanda J. , Singh Namrata , Iyer Ganesh R.
Published: January 2023

In this randomized, open‐label, 2‐part, 2 × 2 crossover, phase 1 study, the effect of a low‐fat low‐calorie (LFLC) meal on the relative bioavailability of a trametinib 2‐mg tablet or dabrafenib 150‐mg capsule was evaluated in healthy participants. Trametinib adjusted geometric mean ratios (90%CI) of fed : fasted for area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration and AUC from time 0 extrapolated to infinity were 0.76 (0.71–0.82) and 0.82 (0.77–0.88), respectively. For dabrafenib, the adjusted geometric mean ratios of AUC from time 0 to the last quantifiable concentration and AUC from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (90%CI) for fed:fasted were 0.85 (0.79–0.91) and 0.86 (0.80–0.92), respectively. Consumption of an LFLC meal delayed trametinib and dabrafenib absorption, with an increase in time to maximum concentration of ≈15 and ≈30 minutes, respectively, compared to the fasted state. These findings indicate that consumption of an LFLC meal reduced the bioavailability and delayed the absorption of trametinib and dabrafenib, supporting current recommendations to administer both drugs in the fasting state; however, an occasional LFLC meal is unlikely to affect the pharmacokinetics of the drugs once steady state is reached and, by consequence, not likely to alter the overall intended efficacy.
RQAR: Location‐free reliable and QoS‐aware routing protocol for mobile sink underwater wireless sensor networks
Authors: Shahraki Mostafa Ali Babaei , Emadi Sima , Ayatollahitafti Vahid , Mirjalily Ghasem
Published: January 2023

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have attracted attention from academics and industries due to many applications such as pollution monitoring, military, tsunami warning, and underwater exploration. One of the effective factors in these applications is efficient communication between underwater sensors. But this process is very challenging in UWSNs due to special conditions and underwater harsh environments. Therefore, designing routing protocols for efficient communication between sensors and sink is an important issue in UWSNs. In this context, this paper proposed a location‐free Reliable and QoS‐Aware Routing (RQAR) protocol for mobile sink UWSNs. RQAR designed using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and does not require the position information of the sensor nodes, which is cumbersome and difficult to obtain. Proposed protocol considers multiple parameters including link quality, hop count, congestion, and residual energy for qos support, and reliable data delivery RQAR also minimizes the effects of hole occurrence by increasing the transmission range as much as possible and ensures communication stability. The simulation results using NS2 showed the superiority of RQAR in improving end‐to‐end delay, packet delivery ratio, and network throughput compared to the previous methods.
Blowin' in the wind: Dispersal of Glossy IbisPlegadis falcinellusin the West Mediterranean basin
Authors: Samraoui Boudjéma , Nedjah Riad , Boucheker Abdennour , Bouzid Abdelhakim , El‐Serehy Hamed A. , Samraoui Farrah
Published: January 2023

The movement of organisms is a central process in ecology and evolution, and understanding the selective forces shaping the spatial structure of populations is essential to conservation. Known as a trans‐Saharan migrant capable of long‐distance flights, the Glossy IbisPlegadis falcinellus' dispersal remains poorly known. We started a ringing scheme in 2008, the first of its kind in North Africa, and ringed 1121 fledglings over 10 years, of which 265 (23.6%) were resighted. Circular statistics and finite mixture models of natal dispersal indicated: (1) a strong West/Northwest‐East/Southeast flight orientation; (2) Glossy Ibis colonies from North Africa and Southern Europe (particularly on the Iberian Peninsula) are closely linked through partial exchanges of juvenile and immature birds; (3) unlike birds from Eastern Europe, North African Glossy Ibis disperse to but do not seem to undergo regular round‐trip migration to the Sahel; (4) young adults (>2‐years‐old) have a higher probability of dispersing further than individuals in their first calendar year (<1‐year‐old); and (5) dispersal distance is not influenced by sex or morphometric traits. Together, these results enhance our knowledge of the dispersal and metapopulation dynamics of Glossy Ibis, revealing large‐scale connectivity between the Iberian Peninsula and Algeria, likely driven by the spatial heterogeneity of the landscape in these two regions and the prevailing winds in the Western Mediterranean.
Multi‐locus DNA metabarcoding reveals seasonality of foraging ecology of western spotted skunks in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Tosa Marie I. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Allen Jennifer M. , Levi Taal
Published: January 2023

There are increasing concerns about the declining population trends of small mammalian carnivores around the world. Their conservation and management are often challenging due to limited knowledge about their ecology and natural history. To address one of these deficiencies for western spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis), we investigated their diet in the Oregon Cascades of the Pacific Northwest during 2017–2019. We collected 130 spotted skunk scats opportunistically and with detection dog teams and identified prey items using DNA metabarcoding and mechanical sorting. Western spotted skunk diet consisted of invertebrates, such as wasps, millipedes, and gastropods; vertebrates, such as small mammals, amphibians, and birds; and plants, such as Gaultheria, Rubus, and Vaccinium. Diet also consisted of items, such as black‐tailed deer, that were likely scavenged. Comparison in diet by season revealed that spotted skunks consumed more insects during the dry season (June–August), particularly wasps (75% of scats in the dry season), and marginally more mammals during the wet season (September–May). We observed a similar diet in areas with no record of human disturbance and areas with a history of logging at most spatial scales, but scats collected in areas with older forest within a skunk's home range (1‐km buffer) were more likely to contain insects. Western spotted skunks provide food web linkages between aquatic, terrestrial, and arboreal systems and serve functional roles of seed dispersal and scavenging. Due to their diverse diet and prey switching, western spotted skunks may dampen the effects of irruptions of prey, such as wasps, during dry springs and summers. By studying the natural history of western spotted skunks in the Pacific Northwest forests, while they are still abundant, we provide key information necessary to achieve the conservation goal of keeping this common species common.
Benefiting from information‐rich multi‐frequency AC voltammetry coupled with chemometrics on the example of on‐line monitoring of leveler component of electroplating bath
Authors: Jaworski Aleksander , Wikiel Hanna , Wikiel Kazimierz
Published: January 2023

Simultaneous application of multiple sinusoidal waveforms perturbations superimposed onto DC staircase step significantly enriches current response. The measured current is characterized by a matrix of data rather than a conventional voltammetric output in a form of a vector. This increase of the dimensionality of the current response and therefore the wealth of analytical information is achieved without compromising the time of analysis. The natural approach for compression of such data and extraction of relevant information is by utilizing multi‐way chemometric decomposition techniques. An electroplating solution presents a very challenging analyte for electroanalysis as its constituents interact synergistically with each other during both the plating process and its simulation during electroanalysis. For some components the mechanism is not entirely understood. Therefore, the only way to benefit from the analytical data is by employing soft modeling. The electrode processes involving additives rely heavily on adsorption and, indirectly, on electron transfer kinetics for which AC voltammetry is an analytical technique capable of delivering informative signals. This paper presents a rigorous universal method for calculating and validating an exemplary multi‐way calibration of a leveler component in a copper electroplating bath used in the semiconductor industry. The method presented employs comparatively Parallel Factor Analysis coupled with Inverse Least Squares Regression and multi‐linear Partial Least Squares. The calibration training set consists of multi‐frequency AC voltammetric data subjected to pretreatments aiming to select informative independent variables and exclude outliers.
DFT study of cobalt based quaternary full‐Heusler compound for spintronics and thermoelectric technologies
Authors: Mohammedi Mohammed , Naceur Younes , Bentouaf Ali , Rached Habib
Published: January 2023

We report on a theoretical study of the elastic, thermic and transport properties of the quaternary full Heusler alloy Co2VGa0.25Al0.75 using a full‐potential linearized augmented‐plane wave—method based on Wien2k program. We made this study by the use of three different approximations: the generalized gradient approximations (GGA), within GGA+ Hubbard parameter and the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ). The calculated band structure (BS) and density of states (DOS) of Co2VGa0.25Al0.75 showed a half‐metallic (mBJ), nearly half‐metallic (GGA) and metallic (GGA + U) behavior. Moreover, the magnetic computed magnetic moments by GGA + U are higher compared to GGA and mBJ results. We studied the thermal properties of Co2VGa0.25Al0.75 compound, through the Debye model. This alloy seem is a good candidate of spintronic devices. Finally, we examined the transport characteristics within Boltzrap function. Moreover, we found significant values of the figure of merit (ZT), which makes our material ideal for thermoelectric power generation.
Evaluating Targeted Double Scoring for the Performance Assessment for School Leaders Using Imputation and Decision Theory
Authors: Miao Jing , Sinharay Sandip , Kelbaugh Chris , Cao Yi , Wang Wei
Published: January 2023

In a targeted double‐scoring procedure for performance assessments that are used for licensure and certification purposes, a subset of responses receives an independent second rating if the first rating falls into a preidentified critical score range (CSR) where an additional rating would lead to considerably more reliable pass‐fail decisions. This study evaluates the CSRs using two approaches—one based on imputation of missing scores and the other based on statistical decision theory—using data from the Performance Assessment for School Leaders (PASL). Results from the evaluation indicate that the currently used CSRs are effective.
Reorganization of thalamocortical connections in congenitally blind humans
Authors: Marins Theo F. , Russo Maite , Rodrigues Erika C. , Monteiro Marina , Moll Jorge , Felix Daniel , Bouzas Julia , Arcanjo Helena , Vargas Claudia D. , Tovar‐Moll Fernanda
Published: January 2023

Cross‐modal plasticity in blind individuals has been reported over the past decades showing that nonvisual information is carried and processed by “visual” brain structures. However, despite multiple efforts, the structural underpinnings of cross‐modal plasticity in congenitally blind individuals remain unclear. We mapped thalamocortical connectivity and assessed the integrity of white matter of 10 congenitally blind individuals and 10 sighted controls. We hypothesized an aberrant thalamocortical pattern of connectivity taking place in the absence of visual stimuli from birth as a potential mechanism of cross‐modal plasticity. In addition to the impaired microstructure of visual white matter bundles, we observed structural connectivity changes between the thalamus and occipital and temporal cortices. Specifically, the thalamic territory dedicated to connections with the occipital cortex was smaller and displayed weaker connectivity in congenitally blind individuals, whereas those connecting with the temporal cortex showed greater volume and increased connectivity. The abnormal pattern of thalamocortical connectivity included the lateral and medial geniculate nuclei and the pulvinar nucleus. For the first time in humans, a remapping of structural thalamocortical connections involving both unimodal and multimodal thalamic nuclei has been demonstrated, shedding light on the possible mechanisms of cross‐modal plasticity in humans. The present findings may help understand the functional adaptations commonly observed in congenitally blind individuals.
Current controversies in feline transfusion medicine
Authors: Adamantos Sophie , Safrany Ben
Published: January 2023

Background: Blood transfusions have been performed by vets for decades and are increasingly being performed in feline practice; they allow us to treat conditions that would not be possible without this option.

Aim of the article: This article discusses findings from recent research that impact on performing transfusion in cats and highlights controversies that should be taken into account when considering blood transfusion.
Synthesis and characterization of degradation impurities of Flucloxacillin and Dicloxacillin
Authors: Pindi Santhosh Reddy , Reddy Aaramadaka Sunil Kumar , Gollapalli Venkateswara Rao , Sanasi Paul Douglas , Nandi Sukumar , Velugula Siva Rama Kasibabu , Chavakula Ramadas
Published: January 2023

A series of degradation impurities of Flucloxacillin and Dicloxacillin were synthesized. The formation and a facile synthesis of each impurity were presented in detail, namely penicilloic acids of Dicloxacillin (3) (Ph.Eur. Impurity‐A), Dicloxacillin glycine analog (4), Dicloxacillin penilloic acids (5) (Ph.Eur. Impurity‐B), Dicloxacillin Pencillamide (6), N‐Acetylated penicilloic acid of Dicloxacillin (7), DCMICAA adduct of Dicloxacillin penicilloic acid (8), Flucloxacillin glycine analog (Ph.Eur. Impurity‐F) (9), penicilloic acids of Flucloxacillin (10), penilloic acids of Flucloxacillin (11), CFMICAA adduct of Flucloxacillin penicilloic acid (Flucloxacillin Ph.Eur. Impurity‐H) (12), Flucloxacillin Penicillamide (Flucloxacillin Ph.Eur. Impurity‐E) (13), and N‐Acetylated penicilloic acid of Flucloxacillin (14). These impurities are extensively characterized by various analytical techniques.
Comparison of Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI and Non‐Mono‐Exponential Model‐Based Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging for the Prediction of Prognostic Biomarkers and Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer Based on Radiomics
Authors: Zhang Lan , Zhou Xin‐Xiang , Liu Lu , Liu Ao‐Yu , Zhao Wen‐Juan , Zhang Hong‐Xia , Zhu Yue‐Min , Kuai Zi‐Xiang
Published: January 2023

Background

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI and non‐mono‐exponential model‐based diffusion‐weighted imaging (NME‐DWI) that does not require contrast agent can both characterize breast cancer. However, which technique is superior remains unclear.

Purpose

To compare the performances of DCE‐MRI, NME‐DWI and their combination as multiparametric MRI (MP‐MRI) in the prediction of breast cancer prognostic biomarkers and molecular subtypes based on radiomics.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

A total of 477 female patients with 483 breast cancers (5‐fold cross‐validation: training/validation, 80%/20%).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T/DCE‐MRI (6 dynamic frames) and NME‐DWI (13 b values).

Assessment

After data preprocessing, high‐throughput features were extracted from each tumor volume of interest, and optimal features were selected using recursive feature elimination method. To identify ER+ vs. ER−, PR+ vs. PR−, HER2+ vs. HER2−, Ki‐67+ vs. Ki‐67−, luminal A/B vs. nonluminal A/B, and triple negative (TN) vs. non‐TN, the following models were implemented: random forest, adaptive boosting, support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, and logistic regression.

Statistical Tests

Student's t, chi‐square, and Fisher's exact tests were applied on clinical characteristics to confirm whether significant differences exist between different statuses (±) of prognostic biomarkers or molecular subtypes. The model performances were compared between the DCE‐MRI, NME‐DWI, and MP‐MRI datasets using the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the DeLong test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

With few exceptions, no significant differences (P = 0.062–0.984) were observed in the AUCs of models for six classification tasks between the DCE‐MRI (AUC = 0.62–0.87) and NME‐DWI (AUC = 0.62–0.91) datasets, while the model performances on the two imaging datasets were significantly poorer than on the MP‐MRI dataset (AUC = 0.68–0.93). Additionally, the random forest and adaptive boosting models (AUC = 0.62–0.93) outperformed other three models (AUC = 0.62–0.90).

Data Conclusion

NME‐DWI was comparable with DCE‐MRI in predictive performance and could be used as an alternative technique. Besides, MP‐MRI demonstrated significantly higher AUCs than either DCE‐MRI or NME‐DWI.

Evidence Level

2.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Animal host range of mpox virus
Authors: Li Kangxin , Yuan Yupei , Jiang Lu , Liu Yuwen , Liu Yihan , Zhang Leiliang
Published: January 2023

Mpox is caused by the mpox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and Poxviridae family. Animal hosts, such as African rodents, mice, prairie dogs, and non‐human primates, play important roles in the development and transmission of outbreaks. Laboratory animal infection experiments have demonstrated that some animals are susceptible to mpox virus. This review summarizes the current progress on the animal hosts for mpox virus. The surveillance of mpox virus in animal hosts will provide important insights into virus tracing, analysis of mutation evolutionary patterns, transmission mechanisms, and development of control measures.
Evaluation of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles effects on expression levels of virulence and biofilm‐related genes of multidrug‐resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaeisolates
Authors: Mousavi Seyed M. , Mousavi Seyed M. A. , Moeinizadeh Mostafa , Aghajanidelavar Mahshad , Rajabi Sajjad , Mirshekar Maryam
Published: January 2023

The emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) strains ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeis associated with high morbidity and mortality due to limited treatment options. This study attempts to biologically synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and investigate their effect on expression levels of virulence and biofilm‐related genes in clinically isolatedK. pneumoniae. In this study, biofilm formation ability, antibiotic resistance pattern, extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases (ESBLs), and carbapenemases production were investigated for 200 clinical isolates ofK. pneumoniaeusing phenotypic methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect virulence and biofilm‐related genes, ESBL‐encoding genes, and carbapenem resistance genes. AgNPs were synthesized using the bio‐reduction method. The antibacterial effects of AgNPs were investigated by microdilution broth. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of AgNPs on L929 fibroblast cell lines was determined. The effects of AgNPs onK. pneumoniaevirulence and biofilm‐related genes (fimH, rmpA, andmrkA) were determined using quantitative real‐time PCR. Thirty percent of the isolates produced a strong biofilm. The highest and lowest levels of resistance were observed against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (95.4%) and tigecycline (96%), respectively. About 31% of isolates were considered positive for carbapenemases, and 75% of the isolates produced an ESBLs enzyme. Different frequencies of mentioned genes were observed. The synthesized AgNPs had a spherical morphology and varied in size. AgNPs inhibited the growth of MDRK. pneumoniaeat 128 µg/ml. In addition, AgNPs downregulated the expression offimH,rmpA, andmrkA genes by 10, 7, and 14‐fold, respectively (p < 0.05), also exerted no cytotoxic effect on L929 fibroblast cell lines. It was revealed that AgNPs lead to a decrease in expression levels of virulence and biofilm‐related genes; therefore, it was concluded that AgNPs had an excellent antibacterial effect on MDRK. pneumoniae.
Basin‐scale monthly rainfall forecasts with a data‐driven model using lagged global climate indices and future predicted rainfall of an adjacent basin
Authors: Lee Jeongwoo , Kim Chul‐Gyum , Lee Jeong Eun , Kim Nam Won , Kim Hyeonjun
Published: January 2023

Future long‐term rainfall forecasts are valuable for operating water supply facilities and managing unusual droughts. This study proposes a novel approach to forecast basin‐scale monthly rainfall from lagged global climate indices, antecedent historical rainfall data of a targeted basin, and forecasted rainfall data from a nearby basin using a data‐driven model. The approach is applied to the Han River basin and the Geum River basin, South Korea, for May and June, prone to drought occurrence. An artificial neural network (ANN), a widely used data‐driven model, was employed to build forecasting models for the study basins. Two types of ANN models were constructed: one uses predictors of the lagged climate indices and antecedent rainfall of a targeted basin that have been typically used in previous studies, and the other further uses the forecasted rainfall of an adjacent basin that was first attempted in this study by considering the strong concurrent relationship of monthly rainfall data between nearby basins. The optimal network architectures were determined through the Monte Carlo cross‐validation (MCCV) process in which repeated data subsampling for training datasets was carried out to reduce the output variance and obtain ensemble forecasts. The results show that the proposed ANN model in this study with input variables of the forecasted rainfall of the nearby basin and the lagged global climate indices and the past rainfall of the target basin provides better predictive performance than the model without using the adjacent basin's forecast rainfall. The categorical forecasting skill based on the proposed approach is good: the hit rates and Heidke skill scores ranged from 50.9 to 66.0% and 0.29 to 0.49, respectively. The results confirm that using rainfall forecasts of a nearby basin as an input variable can enhance the ANN model's ability to predict future monthly rainfall.
Optical Anomalies due to Volume Collective Modes of Plasmonic Metamaterials
Authors: Ben‐Haim Danielle , Ellenbogen Tal
Published: January 2023

The emergence of optical anomalies in 3D plasmonic metamaterials upon excitation of volume collective modes is studied. These modes engage a collective response of all the meta‐atoms across the volume of the structure and arise due to coupling of localized plasmonic modes with Bloch modes of the 3D lattice. Two types of volume collective modes are introduced; a reflective mode resilient to the plasmonic absorption, exhibiting reflection that approaches unity with extremely low loss, through a distinct high‐Q spectral locking of the response of all the constituent plasmonic resonators in the volume; in addition, a transmissive mode that supports the emergence of lattice matched scattered waves within the volume, leading to full transmission through a spectral transparency window. These attractive optical properties of the volume collective modes may lead to a breakthrough in the design of low‐loss and efficient 3D plasmonic metamaterials for novel linear and nonlinear photonic applications.
How power increases preference for experiential purchases but not for material purchases
Authors: Han Jerry J. , Smale Myungjin C. , Lee Jiyoung
Published: January 2023

While recent research indicates that experiential purchases lead to greater happiness than material purchases (i.e., experiential advantage), we have a limited understanding of when and why consumers prefer experiential purchases. In this paper, we address this topic and find that consumers' feelings of power play a significant role in their preference for experiential purchases. Across four experimental studies, using multiple manipulations and stimuli, we demonstrate that feelings of high (vs. low) power lead to increased consumer preference for experiential, but not material, purchases. Mediation (Study 3) and moderation (Study 4) analyses revealed that this phenomenon is driven by greater expected happiness from experiential purchases for consumers feeling high (vs. low) power. We contribute to the experiential purchase literature by identifying consumer power as an important antecedent of consumers' preference for experiences and also add to the consumer power literature by documenting how perceived power affects consumer evaluations and decision‐making. Furthermore, our paper suggests that managers should target people in powerful positions or seek to facilitate feelings of greater power in potential customers when marketing experiential products.
Poly(acrylic acid)‐Assisted Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Type I Collagen: A Review
Authors: Chen Lei , Zeng Zhiyong , Li Wenbing
Published: January 2023

The mineralization of type I collagen is a biological process occurring in vertebrates by which some hard tissues such as bone and dentin are constructed. Due to the extensive clinical needs for bone defect repair and remineralization of mineral‐depleted dentin, biomimetic mineralization of collagen is attracting more and more interests. Synthetic analogs of noncollagenous proteins are necessary for directing the in vitro mineralization. In this paper, the function and mechanism of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in regulating the mineralization, especially intrafibrillar mineralization (IM) of collagen are reviewed. As two mineralization patterns (extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar) co‐exist in natural hard tissues, differences between them in terms of microstructure, biodegradation, cytocompatibility, osteoinduction in vitro, and performance in vivo are systematically compared. Then the roles of PAA in biomimetic collagen IM within one‐analog and two‐analog systems are discussed, respectively. Moreover, mineralization of some self‐mineralizable collagen matrices is described. Due to the interactions between collagen and PAA play a crucial role in the processes of collagen mineralization, some reference researches are also provided involving the collagen/PAA interactions in some other fields. Finally, this review is ended with an outlook for future potential improvements based on the collection of existing bottlenecks in this field.
Optimal decisions in a remanufacturing supply chain under money‐back guarantees
Authors: Tang Juan , Song An‐Lin , Liu Chang‐Yi , Liu Zhi
Published: January 2023

This study establishes a remanufacturing supply chain (RSC) consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, in which the retailer offers a money‐back guarantee (MBG) with a full refund for consumers, and investigates the pricing decisions in four remanufacturing cases by considering the quality of returns. Our results show that controlling remanufacturing costs can enable both members to achieve a win–win situation in most remanufacturing cases. When the consumer's acceptance level for remanufactured products is low (high), a high return rate of non‐defective returns losses (benefits) the retailer's profit but does not losses the manufacturer's profit.
High‐gain miniaturized magnetoelectric dipole antenna array for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Wang Kaize , Sun Yurong , Meng Wenwen , Xu Juan
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a miniaturized high gain magnetoelectric dipole (MED) antenna array is proposed, which is composed of a one‐to‐two‐way substrate‐integrated waveguide E‐plane T‐type waveguide power divider as the feeding network. The MED antenna consists of a pair of mirror‐symmetrical E‐patches and a pair of vertical metallized vias. The size of the antenna array is 1.2λ0× 1.6λ0× 0.17λ0. A bandwidth of 29.3% (25.6–34.4 GHz) for S11 < −10 dB can be achieved and has unidirectional radiation performance in the operating frequency band. The peak gain of the antenna reaches 11 dBi, and the average gain can reach more than 10 dBi.
Component identification of subsurface food additives by spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Qiu‐Shi , Ma Ming‐Jiang , Lv Chong , Yang Guo‐Qing , Yang Yan‐Lei , Wang Jia‐Hao , Gao Zhi‐Xing , He Hong‐Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Li Yuan‐Peng , Zhao Bao‐Zhen
Published: January 2023

Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is an important branch derived from conventional Raman spectroscopy. It has the characteristics to realize the concealed component identification covered by opaque and translucent media nondestructively and rapidly. This technology gradually plays an important role in basic and applied research of numerous areas. This paper focuses on the SORS potential application in food quality and safety inspection, and a SORS detection system has been setup. The ingredients of various concealed food additives have been identified by SORS and the optimum offset distance for detection has been obtained. Meanwhile, the identification effectiveness of the system for low‐concentration additives in real foods has also been evaluated.
Ultra‐miniaturized tunable slot‐based antenna design for 5G IoT applications
Authors: Hussain Rifaqat , Aljaloud Khaled , Alhuwimel Saad
Published: January 2023

This paper demonstrates a compact‐size folded slot‐based antenna suitable for internet‐of‐things (IoT) applications. The antenna is composed of a folded structure meandered slot loaded with varactor diode. The novel combination of the slot and varactor diode, reactively loading the slot, lead to highly miniaturized antenna. The presented antenna operates in dual frequency bands: from 730 to 965 MHz and 1250 to 1940 MHz. Continuous frequency sweep over the two bands is achieved by the use of a single varactor diode. Due to antenna compact size, it is highly suitable for 5G IoT applications. The total board dimensions of the proposed design are 27 mm × 27 mm.
Canonical or noncanonical? Structural plasticity of serine protease‐binding loops in Kunitz‐STI protease inhibitors
Authors: Guerra Yasel , Armijos‐Jaramillo Vinicio , Pons Tirso , Tejera Eduardo , Berry Colin
Published: January 2023

The Kunitz‐Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor (Kunitz‐STI) family is a large family of proteins with most of its members being protease inhibitors. The versatility of the inhibitory profile and the structural plasticity of these proteins, make this family a promising scaffold for designing new multifunctional proteins. Historically, Kunitz‐STI inhibitors have been classified as canonical serine protease inhibitors, but new inhibitors with novel inhibition mechanisms have been described in recent years. Different inhibition mechanisms could be the result of different evolutionary pathways. In the present work, we performed a structural analysis of all the crystallographic structures available for Kunitz‐STI inhibitors to characterize serine protease‐binding loop structural features and locations. Our study suggests a relationship between the conformation of serine protease‐binding loops and the inhibition mechanism, their location in the β‐trefoil fold, and the plant source of the inhibitors. The classical canonical inhibitors of this family are restricted to plants from the Fabales order and bind their targets via the β4–β5 loop, whereas serine protease‐binding loops in inhibitors from other plants lie mainly in the β5–β6 and β9–β10 loops. In addition, we found that the β5–β6 loop is used to inhibit two different families of serine proteases through a steric blockade inhibition mechanism. This work will help to change the general perception that all Kunitz‐STI inhibitors are canonical inhibitors and proteins with protease‐binding loops adopting noncanonical conformations are exceptions. Additionally, our results will help in the identification of protease‐binding loops in uncharacterized or newly discovered inhibitors, and in the design of multifunctional proteins.
The gonadotropins starting dose calculator, which can be adjusted the target number of oocytes and stimulation duration days to achieve individualized controlled ovarian stimulation in Japanese patients
Authors: Kobanawa Masato
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To create a gonadotropin starting dose calculator for controlled ovarian stimulation, which can adjust the target number of oocytes and stimulation duration for each facility to achieve individualized controlled ovarian stimulation among the Japanese patients.

Methods

The patients received controlled ovarian stimulation using the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist protocol, and oocytes were retrieved. Using single regression analysis, we selected age, anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH), and initial serum follicle‐stimulating hormone as variables to predict the number of oocytes retrieved per gonadotropin dose (oocyte sensitivity index). Each variable was then analyzed using backward stepwise multiple regression.

Results

Age and AMH were selected as predictive variables from the backward stepwise multiple regression, and we developed a multiple regression equation. We decomposed the equation as the number of oocytes retrieved/(gonadotropin starting dose × stimulation duration days) and created a calculation formula to predict the gonadotropin starting dose from the target number of oocytes and stimulation duration days.

Conclusions

This is the first study to develop an individualized dosing algorithm for gonadotropins among Japanese patients. Our calculator will improve controlled ovarian stimulation performance and enable national standardization by allowing all physicians, regardless of their years of experience, to determine the appropriate starting dose of gonadotropins equally.
Is it really safe to replace decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) with decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)?: A perspective from hepatotoxicity
Authors: Wang Yanting , Yang Yushun , Dang Chenyuan , Lu Bin , Luo Yin , Fu Jie
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the hepatocytotoxicity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) and other 18 analogues were evaluated in vitro using human normal liver cell L02. These dioxin‐like compounds showed differential hepatocytotoxicity (EC50 = 0.38–17.87 mg/L) and AHR activity (EROD activity = 4.53–46.35 U/μg). In silico study indicated the distance of π‐π bonds between the benzene ring of compounds and residue Phe234 of AHR played a key role in the binding of AHR, and the substituents on the benzene ring also influenced the activity. Combining molecular biology and bioomics, the comprehensive investigations on the hepatotoxic mechanisms have demonstrated the AHR signaling pathway was the key mediation mechanism for the hepatotoxicity of DBDPE/BDE209. The cytochrome P450s (CYP2 family) mediated formation of reactive oxygenated intermediates might be the dominant toxic mechanism, which could produce oxidative stress or cause genotoxicity. Although the experimental toxicity of DBDPE was smaller relative to BDE209, the health risk of DBDPE may be much greater than we expected, due to the high potential to form a variety of dioxin‐like intermediates by microbial oxidation of ethyl group. Therefore, whether it is really safe to replace BDE209 with DBDPE is a debatable question, and more ecotoxicological and health data are needed to clarify this issue.
Understanding preferences in infancy
Authors: Choi Youjung , Luo Yuyan
Published: January 2023

A preference is defined as a dispositional state that helps explain why a person chooses one option over another. Preference understanding is a significant part of interpreting and predicting others' behavior, which can also help to guide social encounters, for instance, to initiate interactions and even form relationships based on shared preferences. Cognitive developmental research in the past several decades has revealed that infants have relatively sophisticated understandings about others' preferences, as part of investigations into how young children make sense of others' behavior in terms of mental states such as intentions, dispositions including preferences, and epistemic states. In recent years, research on early psychological knowledge expands to including infant understanding of social situations. As such, infants are also found to use their preference understandings in their social life. They treat favorably others who share their own preferences, and they prefer prosocial and similar others (e.g., those who speak their language). In reviewing these results, we point out future directions for research and conclude with further suggestions and recommendations.

This article is categorized under:

Cognitive Biology > Cognitive Development

Psychology > Development and Aging
Practical Implications of Different Theoretical Approaches to AI Ethics
Authors: Okengwu Ugochi A.
Published: January 2023

Ethics are moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conduct of an activity.
Promoting AI Ethics Through Awareness and Case Studies
Authors: McSharry Patrick E.
Published: January 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is enabling organizations to address a range of real-world challenges in areas as diverse as global health, education and poverty alleviation.
AI Ethics Education for Future African Leaders
Authors: Kwao Gadosey Pius , Kanubala Deborah Dormah , Sonna Belona
Published: January 2023

From the Greek word “ethos”, which means custom, habit or character, the word ethics can mean and has been defined in many different ways by ethics and morality theorists.
Generating functions for giant graviton bound states
Authors: Carlson Warren , de Mello Koch Robert , Kim Minkyoo
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We construct generating functions for operators dual to systems of giant gravitons with open strings attached. These operators have a bare dimension of orderNso that the usual methods used to solve the planar limit are not applicable. The generating functions are given as integrals over auxiliary variables, which implement symmetrization and antisymmetrization of the indices of the fields from which the operator is composed. Operators of a good scaling dimension (eigenstates of the dilatation operator) are known as Gauss graph operators. Our generating functions give a simple construction of the Gauss graph operators which were previously obtained using a Fourier transform on a double coset. The new description provides a natural starting point for a systematic$$ \frac{1}{N} $$1Nexpansion for these operators as well as the action of the dilatation operator on them, in terms of a saddle point evaluation of their integral representation.
Moderne Behandlung von Kraniosynostosen
Authors: Schmidt Leon , Fassl Verena , Erhardt Laura , Winter Julia , Lollert André , Heider Julia , Ottenhausen Malte
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund

Bei 13–48 % aller Lebendgeborenen treten Auffälligkeiten der Schädelform auf. Meistens ist ein lagerungsbedingter Plagiozephalus ursächlich. Bei vorzeitigem Verschluss von Schädelnähten resultieren pathognomische Deformitäten durch das kompensatorische Wachstum der umgebenden Schädelknochen. Es muss zwischen Einzelnahtsynostosen und Kraniosynostosen im Rahmen syndromaler Erkrankungen unterschieden werden.

Ziel

Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über Diagnostik, konservative und chirurgische Therapie von Kraniosynostosen geben.

Methoden

Narratives Review.

Ergebnis

Bei Verdacht auf eine Kraniosynostose erfolgt zunächst die klinische Beurteilung und Einschätzung durch erfahrene Untersucher. Die pathognomische Schädelform ergibt die Arbeitsdiagnose. Bestätigt wird diese durch Verfahren wie 3D-Stereofotografie und Sonographie. In komplexen Fällen können CT oder MRT notwendig sein.

Die Indikation für eine Therapie ergibt sich aus ästhetischen Gesichtspunkten und der Vorbeugung psychosozialer Folgen. Bei syndromalen Formen besteht diese insbesondere zur Vermeidung möglicher Folgen eines erhöhten Hirndrucks.

Besteht die Indikation zur Operation muss zwischen endoskopischer und offener Technik unterschieden werden. Unterschiede bestehen hier hinsichtlich Invasivität und möglichem Korrekturausmaß. Im Anschluss an die operative Behandlung schließt sich häufig eine Helmtherapie an, um das bestmögliche Ergebnis zu erreichen. Die anschließende Follow-up-Periode erstreckt sich mindestens bis zum 12. Lebensjahr. Insgesamt sollte die Behandlung im Team mit Neurochirurgen, Mund‑, Kiefer‑, Gesichtschirurgen, Kinderärzten, Augenärzten und Humangenetikern stattfinden.
Design, manufacturing, and testing of a laser textured piston ring surface reinforced with a CuCoBe–diamond composite by hot-pressing
Authors: Ferreira Rita , Cunha Ângela , Carvalho Óscar , Trindade Bruno , Sobral Luís , Carvalho Sandra , Silva Filipe
Published: January 2023

A CuCoBe–diamond composite was used to reinforce a laser textured 410 stainless steel piston ring by hot-pressing. Different hot-pressing parameters were used to optimize the sintering process of the CuCoBe particles (P = 25 and 50 MPa, T = 820 and 980 °C, and t = 15 and 30 min). The results showed an increase in the hardness of the hot-pressed samples (50.5% and 48.5% for P = 25 and 50 MPa, respectively). Three textures with different track widths and distances between them were produced by laser on the compression piston rings’ surface. The composite powders were used for the reinforcement of the textures by hot-pressing at the optimized sintering parameters (T = 980 °C, P = 25 and 50 MPa, and t = 15 min). The tribological results revealed that larger texture dimensions led to enhanced tribological performance.
Overt visual attention and between-limb asynchrony for bimanual reaching movements
Authors: Sardar S. D. , Yeo S.-H. , Allsop J. E. , Punt T. D.
Published: January 2023

Although synchrony between the limbs is an often-cited feature of bimanual coordination, recent studies have also highlighted the small asynchronies that can occur. The visuo-motor demands of any bimanual task are considered central to the emergence of asynchrony, but the relationship between the two remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to address this issue. Hand and eye movements were measured in 19 participants, while they made either unimanual or bimanual reach-to-point (aiming) movements to targets presented on a touchscreen. Bimanual movements were either congruent (same-sized targets) or incongruent (different-sized targets). Resulting hand data showed many of the typical patterns of movement previously reported. While temporal coupling between the limbs remained largely evident for bimanual movements, small between-limb asynchronies were apparent and demonstrated clear associations with the competing precision requirements of the targets and related visual attention. Participants mainly directed their gaze towards the more difficult target with corresponding reaching movements demonstrating greater precision than for the easier target. Additionally, there was a reliable tendency for the hand reaching towards the more difficult target to lead. Importantly, it was the competing visuo-motor demands of individual movements rather than overall difficulty that resulted in greater between-limb asynchrony; accordingly, where both targets were small (i.e., the most difficult condition), asynchrony was significantly less pronounced than for incongruent bimanual conditions. The results show how the visuo-motor system balances its apparent drive for synchrony in coordinating bimanual movements with the competing demands that characterise the constituent unimanual movements.
Communicating the cost of your altruism makes you cool—competitive altruism and sexual selection in a real-life charity situation
Authors: Mokos Judit , Csillag Márton , Scheuring István
Published: January 2023

Maintaining a good reputation is crucial for humans. Altruism, e.g. charity, may serve as a costly signal that enhances reputation based on the real or communicated cost. Fundraising via charity running triggers competitive altruism when potential donors donate in reaction to the reputation increase of the fundraiser. Using real-life data of marathonists and half-marathonists (388 runners) and their 9281 donors, the present research focuses on how the communicated cost and goal of a charity run affected the potential donors. We analysed the introductory texts of the runners presented online according to the cost and the social benefit of the fundraising communicated by them. We have shown that emphasizing more the subjective cost of running and the social benefit of the goal, or writing a longer text, attracted more donors and, even though the average amount of donation per donor did not increase, still lead to a greater amount of donations collected overall by the fundraiser. It was also shown that a higher communicated subjective cost resulted in a higher ratio of opposite-sex donors, both in the case of male and female runners, suggesting that the communication of the cost of an altruistic act might be the object of sexual selection.

Significance statement

A good reputation is crucial for humans, as a reputable person enjoys several benefits. One way to maintain a good reputation is to be altruistic, e.g. doing charity. A seemingly high cost and a socially accepted goal may result in a higher reputation. Using data from a charity running community we demonstrate that fundraisers who emphasize their subjective cost (how difficult to run), and emphasize the good goal of the charity, attract more donors, and even though the average amount of each donation does not increase, a higher number of donors results in a greater amount of donations collected overall. Talking about the difficulties of the charity run results in a higher ratio of opposite-sex donors. Our results may be helpful to plan more successful charity events or to make a human community more altruistic and cooperative in general.