bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ribosome profiling reveals the fine-tuned response ofEscherichia colito mild and severe acid stress
Authors: Schumacher Kilian , Gelhausen Rick , Kion-Crosby Willow , Barquist Lars , Backofen Rolf , Jung Kirsten
Published: June 2023

The ability to respond to acidic environments is crucial for neutralophilic bacteria.Escherichia colihas a well-characterized regulatory network that triggers a multitude of defense mechanisms to counteract excess of protons. Nevertheless, systemic studies of the transcriptional and translational reprogramming ofE. colito different degrees of acid stress have not yet been performed. Here, we used ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing to compare the response ofE. coli(pH 7.6) to sudden mild (pH 5.8) and severe near-lethal acid stress (pH 4.4) conditions that mimic passage through the gastrointestinal tract. We uncovered new differentially regulated genes and pathways, key transcriptional regulators, and 18 novel acid-induced candidate sORFs. By using machine learning leveraging large compendia of publicly availableE. coliexpression data, we were able to distinguish between the response to acid stress and general stress. These results expand the acid resistance network and provide new insights into the fine-tuned response ofE. colito mild and severe acid stress.
Identifying Membrane Protein-Lipid Interactions with Lipidomic Lipid Exchange-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Guozhi , Odenkirk Melanie T. , Janczak Colleen M. , Lee Ray , Richardson Kevin , Wang Zhihan , Aspinwall Craig A. , Marty Michael T.
Published: June 2023

Lipids can play important roles in modulating membrane protein structure and function. However, it is challenging to identify natural lipids bound to membrane proteins in complex bilayers. Here, we developed lipidomic lipid exchange-mass spectrometry (LX-MS) to study the lipid affinity for membrane proteins on a lipidomic scale. We first mix membrane protein nanodiscs with empty nanodiscs that have no embedded membrane proteins. After allowing lipids to passively exchange between the two populations, we separate the two types of nanodiscs and perform lipidomic analysis on each with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Enrichment of lipids in the membrane protein nanodiscs reveals the affinity of individual lipids for binding the target membrane protein. We apply this approach to study three membrane proteins. With theE. coliammonium transporter AmtB and aquaporin AqpZ in nanodiscs withE. colipolar lipid extract, we detected binding of cardiolipin and phosphatidyl-glycerol lipids to the proteins. With the acetylcholine receptor in nanodiscs with brain polar lipid extract, we discovered a complex set of lipid interactions that depended on the head group and tail composition. Overall, lipidomic LX-MS provides a detailed understanding of the lipid binding affinity and thermodynamics for membrane proteins in complex bilayers and provides a unique perspective on the chemical environment surrounding membrane proteins.
A mitochondrial sirtuin shapes the intestinal microbiota by controlling lysozyme expression
Authors: Knop Mirjam , Treitz Christian , Bettendorf Stina , Bossen Judith , von Frieling Jakob , Doms Shauni , Bruchhaus Iris , Kühnlein Ronald P. , Baines John F. , Tholey Andreas , Roeder Thomas
Published: June 2023

Sirtuins act as cellular sensors in the gut that control a substantial change in gut properties in response to environmental changes. Here we show that the only mitochondrial sirtuin ofDrosophila, dSirt4, is strongly up-regulated by a protein-reduced diet. Flies with a dSirt4 defect show strong changes in the protein pattern and physiological properties of their intestine. One of the most notable effects was the strong induction of lysozyme gene expression in the intestine, which also translates into enhanced lysozyme activity. This effect was cell autonomous, as it was also observed in flies withdsirt4was exclusively silenced in enterocytes of the intestine. Although this strongly increased lysozyme expression, it did not reduce total bacterial load in the intestine, but rather changed the composition of the microbiota by reducing the number of gram-positive bacteria. This effect on microbiota composition can be attributed to the dSirt4-dependent lysozyme expression, as it was absent in a lysozyme-deficient background.dSirt4deficiency in enterocytes reduced lifespan of flies, which was also observed in those flies experiencing ectopic lysozyme overexpression in enterocytes. This implies that strong lysozyme expression leads to a dysbiotic state associated with reduced lifespan.
Deferoxamine as adjunct therapeutics for tuberculosis
Authors: Kaushik Sandeep R. , Yadav Nidhi , Gupta Ashish , Sahu Sukanya , Bhalla Nikhil , Dagar Poonam , Mohapatra Amit Kumar , Sarangi Adyasha , Sharma Taruna , Biswal Bichitra , Pandey Amit Kumar , Nanda Ranjan Kumar
Published: June 2023

Dysregulated iron metabolism is reported in tuberculosis patients; therefore, it represents an opportunity for developing host-directed therapeutics. This study monitored the antimycobacterial properties of an iron chelator, i.e., Deferoxamine (DFO/D), and its impact on the transcript and metabolite levels ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)in vitro. Forin vivovalidation, a group of mice received ferric carboxymaltose to create an iron overload condition, and controls were aerosol-infected with Mtb H37Rv. Mtb-infected mice received isoniazid (INH/H) and rifampicin (RIF/R) in combination with or without DFO before tissue-specific CFU assay, liver metabolite screening and iron quantification using mass spectrometry. DFO showed antimycobacterial properties comparable to INHin vitro. DFO treatment deregulated (log2DFO/control>±1.0) Mtb transcript (n=137) levels, the majority of which encode for iron-containing proteins and proteins involved in stress response. DFO treatment up-regulated Rv3622c (PE32), Rv2353c (PPE39) and Rv3022A (PE29) genes and conditional knocking down of ABC transporter likeirtAby anhydrotetracycline (Atc) inducible CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) approach compromised Mtb growth showing their potential involvement in iron metabolism. Global Mtb metabolite analysis using GC-MS identified a set of 5 deregulated metabolites indicating a perturbed pentose phosphate pathway and inositol phosphate metabolism in the host upon DFO treatment. Iron-overloaded mice exhibited significantly higher tissue mycobacterial burden at two weeks post-infection, and the efficacy of INH and RIF were compromised, corroborating with previous reports. Iron chelation by DFO or combined with/adjunct to RIF and INH significantly reduced the lung/tissue mycobacterial burden at four weeks post-treatment, specifically in the first (∼0.5 log) and second weeks (∼0.5 log) of treatment. The intracellular pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the lung CD4+ T cells of INH and RIF-treated groups with or without DFO were similar, suggesting DFO has a direct role in Mtb survival and metabolism rather than improved infection, and the efficacy of INH and RIF were compromised, corroborating with previous reports. DFO adjunct to RIF and INH treatment significantly altered liver arginine biosynthesis, which directly neutralizes ammonia and is immune-supportive. Conventionally, DFO is used for treating acute iron toxicity that is common in thalassemic patients, and this study demonstrates DFO has potential as adjunct therapeutics for tuberculosis.

Graphical abstract
A structural and dynamic visualization of the interaction between the microtubule-associated protein 7 (MAP7) and microtubules
Authors: Adler Agnes , Bangera Mamata , Bahri Salima , van Ingen Hugo , Moores Carolyn A. , Baldus Marc
Published: June 2023

Microtubules (MTs) are key components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and are essential for intracellular organization, organelle trafficking and mitosis. MT tasks depend on binding and interactions with MT-associated proteins (MAPs). MT-associated protein 7 (MAP7) has the unusual ability of both MT binding and activating kinesin-1-mediated cargo transport along MTs. Additionally, the protein is reported to stabilize MTs with its 112 amino-acid long MT-binding domain (MTBD). Here we investigate the structural basis of the interaction of MAP7 MTBD with the MT lattice. Using a combination of solid and solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with electron microscopy, fluorescence anisotropy and isothermal titration calorimetry, we shed light on the binding mode of MAP7 to MTs at an atomic level. Our results show that a combination of interactions between MAP7 and MT lattice extending beyond a single tubulin dimer and including tubulin C-terminal tails contribute to formation of the MAP7-MT complex.
Copper reduces the virulence of bacterial communities at environmentally relevant concentrations
Authors: Lear Luke , Padfield Dan , Hesse Elze , Kay Suzanne , Buckling Angus , Vos Michiel
Published: June 2023

Increasing environmental concentrations of metals as a result of anthropogenic pollution are significantly changing many microbial communities. While there is evidence metal pollution can result in increased antibiotic resistance, the effects of metal pollution on virulence remains largely undetermined. Here, we experimentally test whether metal stress alters the virulence of bacterial communities. We do this by incubating three wastewater influent communities under different environmentally relevant copper concentrations for three days. We then quantify the virulence of the community using theGalleria mellonellainfection model, and test if differences are due to changes in the rate of biomass accumulation (productivity), copper resistance, or community composition (quantified using 16S amplicon sequencing). The virulence of the communities was found to be reduced by the highest copper concentration, but not to be affected by the lower concentration. As well as reduced virulence, communities exposed to the highest copper concentration were less diverse and had lower productivity. This work highlights that metal pollution may decrease virulence in bacterial communities, but at a cost to diversity and productivity.
Symmetry in frontal but not motor and somatosensory cortical projections
Authors: Papale Andrew E. , Harish Madhumita , Paletzki Ronald F. , O'Connor Nathan J. , Eastwood Brian S. , Seal Rebecca P. , Williamson Ross S. , Gerfen Charles R. , Hooks Bryan M.
Published: June 2023

Neocortex and striatum are topographically organized for sensory and motor functions. While sensory and motor areas are lateralized for touch and motor control, respectively, frontal areas are involved in decision making, where lateralization of function may be less important. This study contrasted the topographic precision of cell type-specific ipsilateral and contralateral cortical projections while varying the injection site location in transgenic mice of both sexes. While sensory cortical areas had strongly topographic outputs to ipsilateral cortex and striatum, they were weaker and not as topographically precise to contralateral targets. Motor cortex had somewhat stronger projections, but still relatively weak contralateral topography. In contrast, frontal cortical areas had high degrees of topographic similarity for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections to cortex and striatum. Corticothalamic organization is mainly ipsilateral, with weaker, more medial contralateral projections. Corticostriatal computations might integrate input outside closed basal ganglia loops using contralateral projections, enabling the two hemispheres to act as a unit to converge on one result in motor planning and decision making.
Inter and Intralaminar Excitation of Parvalbumin Interneurons in Mouse Barrel Cortex
Authors: Scheuer Kate S. , Jansson Anna M. , Zhao Xinyu , Jackson Meyer B.
Published: June 2023

Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are inhibitory fast-spiking cells with essential roles in directing the flow of information through cortical circuits. These neurons set the balance between excitation and inhibition, control rhythmic activity, and have been linked to disorders including autism spectrum and schizophrenia. PV interneurons differ between cortical layers in their morphology, circuitry, and function, but how their electrophysiological properties vary has received little attention. Here we investigate responses of PV interneurons in different layers of primary somatosensory barrel cortex (BC) to different excitatory inputs. With the genetically-encoded hybrid voltage sensor, hVOS, we recorded voltage changes simultaneously in many L2/3 and L4 PV interneurons to stimulation in either L2/3 or L4. Decay-times were consistent across L2/3 and L4. Amplitude, half-width, and rise-time were greater for PV interneurons residing in L2/3 compared to L4. Stimulation in L2/3 elicited responses in both L2/3 and L4 with longer latency compared to stimulation in L4. These differences in latency between layers could influence their windows for temporal integration. Thus PV interneurons in different cortical layers of BC show differences in response properties with potential roles in cortical computations.

Key points summary

Excitatory synaptic responses were imaged in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in slices of mouse barrel cortex using a targeted genetically-encoded voltage sensor. This approach revealed simultaneous voltage changes in approximately 20 neurons pre slice in response to stimulation.

PV interneurons residing in layer 2/3 had larger amplitudes, longer half-widths, and longer rise-times than PV interneurons residing in layer 4.

Responses of PV interneurons residing in either layer 2/3 or layer 4 had shorter latencies to stimulation of layer 4 compared to stimulation of layer 2/3.

Excitatory synaptic transmission to PV interneurons varies with layer of residence and source of excitation.
Fitting high-resolution electron density maps from atomic models to solution scattering data
Authors: Chamberlain Sarah R. , Moore Stephen , Grant Thomas D.
Published: June 2023

Solution scattering techniques, such as small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS), provide valuable insights into the structure and dynamics of biological macromolecules in solution. In this study, we present an approach to accurately predict solution X-ray scattering profiles at wide angles from atomic models by generating high-resolution electron density maps. Our method accounts for the excluded volume of bulk solvent by calculating unique adjusted atomic volumes directly from the atomic coordinates. This approach eliminates the need for a free fitting parameter commonly used in existing algorithms, resulting in improved accuracy of the calculated SWAXS profile. An implicit model of the hydration shell is generated which uses the form factor of water. Two parameters, namely the bulk solvent density and the mean hydration shell contrast, are adjusted to best fit the data. Results using eight publicly available SWAXS profiles show high quality fits to the data. In each case, the optimized parameter values show small adjustments demonstrating that the default values are close to the true solution. Disabling parameter optimization results in a significant improvement of the calculated scattering profiles compared to the leading software. The algorithm is computationally efficient, showing more than tenfold reduction in execution time compared to the leading software. The algorithm is encoded in a command line script called denss.pdb2mrc.py and is available open source as part of the DENSS v1.7.0 software package (https://github.com/tdgrant1/denss). In addition to improving the ability to compare atomic models to experimental SWAXS data, these developments pave the way for increasing the accuracy of modeling algorithms utilizing SWAXS data while decreasing the risk of overfitting.

Statement of Significance

Accurate calculation of small and wide-angle scattering (SWAXS) profiles from atomic models is useful for studying the solution state and conformational dynamics of biological macromolecules in solution. Here we present a new approach to calculating SWAXS profiles from atomic models using high resolution real space density maps. This approach includes novel calculations of solvent contributions that remove a significant fitting parameter. The algorithm is tested on multiple high quality experimental SWAXS datasets, showing improved accuracy compared to leading software. The algorithm is computationally efficient and robust to overfitting, paving the way for increasing the accuracy and resolution of modeling algorithms utilizing experimental SWAXS data.
Conformational heterogeneity of the BTK PHTH domain drives multiple regulatory states
Authors: Lin David Yin-wei , Kueffer Lauren E. , Juneja Puneet , Wales Thomas , Engen John R. , Andreotti Amy H.
Published: June 2023

Full-length BTK has been refractory to structural analysis. The nearest full-length structure of BTK to date consists of the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. Precisely how the BTK N-terminal domains (the Pleckstrin homology/Tec homology (PHTH) domain and proline-rich regions (PRR) contain linker) contribute to BTK regulation remains unclear. We have produced crystals of full-length BTK for the first time but despite efforts to stabilize the autoinhibited state, the diffraction data still reveals only the SH3-SH2-kinase core with no electron density visible for the PHTH-PRR segment. CryoEM data of full-length BTK, on the other hand, provide the first view of the PHTH domain within full-length BTK. CryoEM reconstructions support conformational heterogeneity in the PHTH-PRR region wherein the globular PHTH domain adopts a range of states arrayed around the autoinhibited SH3-SH2-kinase core. On the way to activation, disassembly of the SH3-SH2-kinase core opens a new autoinhibitory site on the kinase domain for PHTH domain binding that is ultimately released upon interaction of PHTH with PIP3. Membrane-induced dimerization activates BTK and we present here a crystal structure of an activation loop swapped BTK kinase domain dimer that likely represents the conformational state leading to trans-autophosphorylation. Together, these data provide the first structural elucidation of full-length BTK and allow a deeper understanding of allosteric control over the BTK kinase domain during distinct stages of activation.
High-resolution structure of mouse radial spoke and its in-situ structure in ependymal cilia revealed by cryo-EM and cryo-ET
Authors: Meng Xueming , Xu Cong , Li Jiawei , Qiu Benhua , Luo Jiajun , Hong Qin , Tong Yujie , Fang Chuyu , Feng Yanyan , Ma Rui , Shi Xiangyi , Lin Cheng , Pan Chen , Zhu Xueliang , Yan Xiumin , Cong Yao
Published: June 2023

Radial spokes (RS) transmit mechanochemical signals between the central pair (CP) and axonemal dynein arms to coordinate ciliary motility. However, the high-resolution structure of mammalian RS remains missing. Here, we present the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of mouse RS head-neck complex in both monomer and dimer forms and reveal the intrinsic dynamics of the dimer. We also map the genetic mutations related to primary ciliary dyskinesia and asthenospermia on the head-neck complex. Moreover, we present the unprecedented cryo-ET and sub-tomogram averaging map of mouse ependymal cilia, whose beating creates unidirectional cerebrospinal fluid flow, and build the models for RS1-3, IDAs, and N-DRC. Strikingly, our cryo-ET map reveals the lack of IDA-b/c/e and the absence of tektin filaments within the A-tubule of doublet microtubules in ependymal cilia compared with mammalian respiratory cilia and sperm flagella. This tissue-specific feature may represent an evolutionary choice driven by the functional requirements on ependymal cilia. Our findings reveal the RS head-neck assembly mechanism, shed light on the coordinated rigid and elastic RS-CP interaction modes beneficial for the regulation of asymmetric ciliary beating, and also facilitate understandings on the etiology of ciliary dyskinesia-related ciliopathies.
Multimodal analyses reveal genes driving electrophysiological maturation of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex
Authors: Gao Yu , Dong Qiping , Arachchilage Kalpana Hanthanan , Risgaard Ryan D. , Syed Moosa , Sheng Jie , Schmidt Danielle K. , Jin Ting , Liu Shuang , Knaack Sara , Doherty Dan , Glass Ian , Levine Jon E. , Wang Daifeng , Chang Qiang , Zhao Xinyu , Sousa André M. M.
Published: June 2023

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for myriad high-cognitive functions and is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, using Patch-seq and single-nucleus multiomic analyses, we identified genes and regulatory networks governing the maturation of distinct neuronal populations in the PFC of rhesus macaque. We discovered that specific electrophysiological properties exhibited distinct maturational kinetics and identified key genes underlying these properties. We unveiled that RAPGEF4 is important for the maturation of resting membrane potential and inward sodium current in both macaque and human. We demonstrated that knockdown ofCHD8, a high-confidence autism risk gene, in human and macaque organotypic slices led to impaired maturation, via downregulation of key genes, includingRAPGEF4. Restoring the expression ofRAPGEF4rescued the proper electrophysiological maturation of CHD8-deficient neurons. Our study revealed regulators of neuronal maturation during a critical period of PFC development in primates and implicated such regulators in molecular processes underlying autism.
Electrophysiological correlates of (mis)judging social information
Authors: Wischnewski Miles , Hörberg Michael O.Y. , Schutter Dennis J.L.G.
Published: June 2023

Social information can be used to optimize decision making. However, the simultaneous presentation of multiple sources of advice can lead to a distinction bias in judging the validity of the information. While involvement of event-related potential (ERP) components in social information processing has been studied, how they are modulated by (mis)judging advisor’s information validity remains unknown. In two experiments participants performed a decision making task with highly accurate or inaccurate cues. Each experiment consisted of a initial, learning and test phase. During the learning phase three advice cues were simultaneously presented and the validity of them had to be assessed. The effect of different cue constellations on ERPs was investigated. In the subsequent test phase, the willingness to follow or oppose an advice cue was tested. Results demonstrated the distinction bias with participants over or underestimating the accuracy of the most uncertain cues. The P2 amplitude was significantly increased during cue presentation when advisors were in disagreement as compared to when all were in agreement, regardless of cue validity. Further, a larger P3 amplitude during outcome presentation was found when advisors were in disagreement and increased with more informative cues. As such, most uncertain cues were related to the smallest P3 amplitude. Findings suggest that misjudgment of social information is related to P3 amplitude subserving evaluation information and learning. This study provides novel insights into the role of P2 and P3 components during judgement of social information validity.
Dendritic excitations govern back-propagation via a spike-rate accelerometer
Authors: Park Pojeong , Wong-Campos David , Itkis Daniel G. , Lee Byung Hun , Qi Yitong , Davis Hunter , Antin Benjamin , Pasarkar Amol , Grimm Jonathan B. , Plutkis Sarah E. , Holland Katie L. , Paninski Liam , Lavis Luke D. , Cohen Adam E.
Published: June 2023

Dendrites on neurons support nonlinear electrical excitations, but the computational significance of these events is not well understood. We developed molecular, optical, and analytical tools to map sub-millisecond voltage dynamics throughout the dendritic trees of CA1 pyramidal neurons under diverse optogenetic and synaptic stimulus patterns, in acute brain slices. We observed history-dependent spike back-propagation in distal dendrites, driven by locally generated Na+spikes (dSpikes). Dendritic depolarization created a transient window for dSpike propagation, opened by A-type KVchannel inactivation, and closed by slow NaVinactivation. Collisions of dSpikes with synaptic inputs triggered calcium channel and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent plateau potentials, with accompanying complex spikes at the soma. This hierarchical ion channel network acts as a spike-rate accelerometer, providing an intuitive picture of how dendritic excitations shape associative plasticity rules.
Revisiting the use of dioxane as a reference compound for determination of the hydrodynamic radius of proteins by pulsed field gradient NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Tranchant Emil E. , Pesce Francesco , Jacobsen Nina L. , Fernandes Catarina B. , Kragelund Birthe B. , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten
Published: June 2023

Measuring the compaction of a protein or complex is key to understand the interactions within and between biomolecules. Experimentally, protein compaction is often probed either by estimating the radius of gyration (Rg) obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments or the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) obtained for example by pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) spectroscopy. PFG NMR experiments generally report on the translational diffusion coefficient, which in turn can be used to estimateRhusing an internal standard. Here, we examine the use of 1,4-dioxane as an internal NMR standard to account for sample viscosity and uncertainty about the gradient strength. Specifically, we revisit the basis for the commonly used reference value for theRhof dioxane (2.12 Å) that is used to convert measured diffusion coefficients into a hydrodynamic radius. We follow the same approach that was used to establish the current reference value for theRhby measuring SAXS and PFG NMR data for a set of seven different proteins and using these as standards. Our analysis shows that the currentRhreference value for 1,4-dioxaneRh(2.12 Å) is underestimated, and we instead suggest a new value of 2.27 Å ± 0.04 Å. Using this updated reference value results in a ∼7% increase inRhvalues for proteins whose hydrodynamic radius have been measured by PFG NMR. We discuss the implications for ensemble descriptions of intrinsically disordered proteins and evaluation of effect resulting from for example ligand binding, posttranslational modifications, or changes to the environment.
The usage of sourdough powder as the natural preservative and glycemic index lowering agent in salty muffins
Authors: Çetin Babaoğlu Hümeyra , Arslan Tontul Sultan , Karaduman Lokman , Üzgü Yakup
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The article aimed to use sourdough powder as a natural preservative against mould growth and a glycemic index reducer agent.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, muffin production was carried out with sourdough powder addition at the rate of 0, 15 and 30%. To obtain the sourdough powder, sourdough was fermented by using Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactococcus lactis (previously isolated from spontaneous sourdough) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Findings

The specific volume, number of crumb pores and total pore area were not adversely affected by the addition of 15% or 30% sourdough powder (p > 0.05). The sourdough addition reduced the L* values of the muffin crust, while the b* value of the muffin crumb with 30% sourdough powder decreased compared to the control (p < 0.05). The addition of sourdough powder decreased eGI and RDS values and increased SDS content of samples (p < 0.05). In storage, the mould growth was observed in the control group and samples containing 15% sourdough powder on the 5th day, while the samples containing 30% sourdough powder were moulded on the 7th day. The sourdough powder increased the hardness and chewiness values of samples (p < 0.05), while it had no significant effect on springiness, cohesiveness and resilience (p > 0.05).

Originality/value

The sourdough powder provides a lower glycemic index and longer microbial shelf life that makes the product advantageous in consumer demand. This is the first time sourdough powder has been used to achieve this purpose.
In what ways does human capital influence the relationship between financial development and economic growth?
Authors: Saroj Shekhar , Shastri Rajesh Kumar , Singh Priyanka , Tripathi Mano Ashish , Dutta Sanjukta , Chaubey Akriti
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Human capital is a portfolio of rich skills that the labour possesses. Human capital has attracted significant attention from scholars. Nevertheless, empirical findings on the utility of human capital have often been divided. To address the research gap in the literature, the authors attempt to understand how human capital plays a significant role in financial development and economic growth nexus.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors rely on secondary data published by the World Bank. The authors use econometric tools such as the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model and related statistical tests to study the relationship between human capital, India's financial growth and gross domestic product (GDP) growth.

Findings

Study findings suggest that human capital and financial development contribute significantly to economic growth. Further, the authors found that human capital has a positive and significant moderating effect on the path of joining financial development and economic growth.

Practical implications

The study contributes to the human capital debate. Despite the rich body of literature, the study based on World Bank data confirms the previous findings that investment in human capital is always useful for the financial and economic growth of the nation.

Originality/value

This paper reveals some unique findings regarding effect of financial development and economic growth nexus which opens the window of new dimension to think about their nexus. It also provides a different pathway to foster the economic growth by using human capital and financial development as together, especially in India.
Trait gratitude and subjective career success: the mediating roles of growth mindset and network breadth
Authors: Zhang Shilei , Zhao Teng , Liu Xinyi , Wei Chunhao , Liu Sijun
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Building on the broaden-and-build theory and incorporating a self-regulatory perspective, this study examines the relationship between trait gratitude and subjective career success and investigates the mediating roles of growth mindset of work and career network breadth.

Design/methodology/approach

Time-lagged data were collected in three waves from a sample of 314 employees in China. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that trait gratitude is positively related to SCS, mediated by growth mindset of work as an indicator of psychological resources and career network breadth as an indicator of social resources. Trait gratitude is more strongly associated with network breadth (i.e., social resources) than with growth mindset (i.e., psychological resources).

Practical implications

Organizations may find trait gratitude an applicable addition to the selection criteria during the recruitment process.

Originality/value

By identifying trait gratitude as an antecedent of SCS and revealing its underlying mechanisms, the current study points to a new perspective on the study of career success.
The effect of R & D laboratories on MNE subsidiary performance: a primary survey in a European Mediterranean country
Authors: Georgopoulos Antonios , Aggelopoulos Eleftherios , Paraschi Elen Paraskevi , Kalogera Maria
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effect of R&D laboratories on the perceived performance of MNE subsidiaries during recession.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing resource-based view and knowledge-based theory, the authors investigate a unique sample of 171 technologically heterogenous foreign MNE subsidiaries located in Greece over the period of recession 2009–2016. The sample subsidiaries operate different types of R&D laboratories.

Findings

The authors find that MNE subsidiaries with advanced R&D laboratories such as locally integrated laboratories (LILs) and internationally interdependent laboratories (IILs) perform better in recession than subsidiaries with support laboratories (SLs) or subsidiaries without R&D laboratories. Overall, the authors find an asymmetric performance contribution of R&D laboratories at subsidiary level.

Originality/value

The study provides useful insights into the environmentally derived “knowledge-based - performance” context, so filling an important research gap, since little is known about the performance impact of the input-side of technological activity at MNE subsidiary level, especially as regards R&D facilities/infrastructure. Based on the findings the authors identify important managerial implications.
Dialogic research mentoring in pre-service teacher education
Authors: Tuyan Seden Eraldemir
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper presents the results of my learning using my expertise in teacher-research mentoring to address the needs of pre-service teachers and the requirements of the action research course in English language teaching. It reflects on the different procedures of my mentoring model, enriched by the dialogic research mentoring strategies informed by Freire's dialogic pedagogy.

Design/methodology/approach

Through this first-person action research, the author aims to improve her teacher-research mentoring practice. As an inquiry into her own actions, the author examines her experiences, her understanding of them, and the potential meaning for her work as a teacher-research mentor during the two years she tutored the action research course. The author explores the procedures of the mentoring model she developed and the effectiveness of dialogic research mentoring in promoting critical consciousness and taking positive action in pre-service English language teachers.

Findings

Effective actualization of the teacher-research mentoring process facilitates mentors' refinement and understanding of their roles during teacher-research mentoring. Perceived barriers can be overcome by adopting nine relevant strategies, which can be grouped into three themes: community-building, nurturing competencies, and fostering growth. Accordingly, the research mentoring model incorporates these strategies.

Originality/value

The insights enriched the existing knowledge of the dynamics of mentoring in general and of teacher-research in particular. Additionally, the study offers strategies developed based on my informed actions as the researcher to attain more effective outcomes during the research mentoring process.
Adopting retail technology in crises: integrating TAM and prospect theory perspectives
Authors: Burgess Brigitte , Yaoyuneyong Gallayanee , Pollitte Wesley A. , Sullivan Pauline
Published: June 2023

Purpose

This paper combines prospect theory (PT) and the technology acceptance model (TAM) proposing that technology anxiety (TA), risk averseness (RA), concern and resistance to use inhibit technology acceptance, while trust, social influence (SI) and compatibility are enablers to technology acceptance, particularly in the context of consumer adoption of retail technologies during crises.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of PT and TAM literature was conducted to develop a model which considers the impact of inhibitors and enablers on retail technology acceptance.

Findings

This investigation establishes a theoretical model of mid-crisis retail technology adoption behavior that can be tested quantitatively. Several propositions regarding relationships between proposed inhibitors, enablers and TAM are presented, as well as implications for future research.

Originality/value

This investigation further integrates PT and TAM, proposing that PT is an appropriate framework to investigate inhibitors and enablers of retail technology acceptance during crises.
Antecedents and mediators of experiential retailing consumer behavior
Authors: Meng Hu , Sun Yangyang , Liu Xinxin , Li Yujia , Yang Yingjie
Published: June 2023

Purpose

An experiential retailing strategy is considered cardiotonic for consumers and brands. When such a stimulus is used, what cognition and behaviors are generated is an issue worthy of study. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the factors and mechanisms that affect consumer response and relationship quality through empirical research.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on theoretical deduction, this paper proposes a conceptual model that includes four antecedents: experiential scene atmosphere (ESA), highlight design, interaction approach and value fit. These affect consumer–brand relationship quality (CRQ) through consumer identification (CI), brand identity (BI) and experiential immersion degree. In two rounds of predictive tests, 624 and 481 valid data were collected, respectively, and the feasibility of the scale was verified scrupulously. Furthermore, 427 participants reported the participants' tendencies in a formal empirical study.

Findings

The results show that the direct effects of antecedents, mediators and dependent variables are significant. Although the mediating effect of BI in experiential highlighting design on CRQ is not supported, other consumer response variables have a full or partial mediating effect.

Originality/value

This study not only functions as an innovation of research perspective enriching the theoretical framework of the influence mechanism of experiential retailing, but also strengthens the discussion on the role of value fit, especially emotional value fit, in experiential retailing.
Effect of financial inclusion and fintech on the effectiveness of Indian monetary policy: an empirical investigation
Authors: Mittal Ruhee , Kathuria Tanu , Saini Mohit , Dhingra Barkha , Yadav Mahender
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Fintech plays a prominent role in augmenting the financial inclusion of the population and increasing the money supply, which calls for the intervention of monetary policy. This article is an attempt to examine the relationship between the financial inclusion, fintech and monetary policy effectiveness of the Indian economy, within the framework of wealth creation and transmission mechanism through the cost of capital.

Design/methodology/approach

On the quarterly data retrieved from multiple sources, autoregressive distributed lagged regression is used to examine the relationship between different variables as explained in four set models; after which the Toda–Yamamoto causality test is employed to capture the direction of the relationship.

Findings

The study finds a positive relationship between financial inclusion, fintech and inflation taken as a proxy for Monetary Policy Effectiveness (MPE) in the short as well as in the long run. However, the relationship between fintech and inflation is negative once the cost of capital is included in the models. The causality test exhibits the uni-directional causality from fintech to MPE and MPE to financial inclusion. Bi-directional causality exists between wealth and MPE. Similarly, bank rate and interbank rate are bound by bi-directional causality.

Research limitations/implications

Being financially included facilitates ease and boosts public access to more financial services and credit, leading to increased demand and hence inflation. Hence government and regulators need to take mindful measures to enhance the fintech development and financial inclusion to make the monetary policy effective.

Originality/value

As per the author's best knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between fintech, financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in the context of the Indian economy.
The roles of employee–employee collaboration and employee–customer collaboration in fitness service innovation: a comparison of frontline and non-frontline employees
Authors: Wang Fong-Jia , Chiu Weisheng , Tseng Kuo-Feng , Cho Heetae
Published: June 2023

Purpose

In this study the authors examined the impact of employees' collaborative behaviours with colleagues and customers (i.e. employee–employee collaboration and employee–customer collaboration) on their creative self-efficacy and service innovation from the perspective of service-dominant logic. The authors also examined the differences between frontline and non-frontline fitness service employees in our research model. This study aims to discuss the aforementioned objectives.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants were fitness-centre employees in Taiwan recruited via convenience sampling. A total of 410 participants completed our online survey, and the authors analysed the data using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The authors found that collaboration with both colleagues and customers had a positive impact on employees' creative self-efficacy. Collaboration with colleagues directly affected service innovation, while collaboration with customers indirectly affected service innovation via creative self-efficacy. In addition, there was a significant difference between frontline and non-frontline employees in our research model. Specifically, the path from collaboration with customers to creative self-efficacy was stronger for frontline employees, and the path from creative self-efficacy to service innovation was stronger for non-frontline employees.

Originality/value

This study improves the understanding of the way in which different collaborative behaviours promote employees' creative self-efficacy and service innovation. Further, it is the first to identify the difference between frontline and non-frontline employees and it shows how the effects of collaborative behaviours differ between them in the context of fitness services.
How can lean tools support the innovation process of SMEs?
Authors: Battistella Cinzia , Fornasier Andrea , Pessot Elena
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Adopting lean principles can unleash several opportunities for firms seeking to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their product development (PD) process. This study aims to investigate the implementation paths of lean tools in the innovation process of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

A set of 47 lean tools are identified from the literature and ascribed to the five lean thinking principles, i.e. Value, Map, Flow, Pull and Perfection. Their practical adoption – in terms of “when” and “how” – is then explored in a multiple case study of three SMEs in the manufacturing industry.

Findings

SMEs adopt multiple lean tools in different phases of their innovation process. They are still at the beginning of the holistic adoption of lean PD, but some core lean tools, such as A3 reports and visual management, are adopted systematically. Results reveal that specific sets of lean tools and supporting principles are more valuable in certain phases of SMEs innovation process. Specifically, the lean tools concerning the principle of Value and Map can enable the phases of Innovation inputs, Concept development and Solution implementation; the ones ascribed to Flow and Pull the phases of Concept development, Testing and experimentation, and Solution implementation; the Perfection tools to the final phases of Testing and experimentation, Solution implementation and Market introduction.

Practical implications

Results provide a reference for SMEs already adopting lean tools in their production process to be extended to the PD process, especially when the delivery of new products is pivotal. Innovative SMEs could evaluate the introduction of specific lean tools in one or more definite phases of their PD process.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the literature on the complementarity between lean and innovation by studying the context of SMEs with a process perspective, thus unveiling the potential paths of a widespread application of lean innovation in SMEs.
Numerical analysis for permafrost temperature field in the short term of permafrost subgrade filling
Authors: Wang Yunjia , Zhang Qianli
Published: June 2023

Purpose

It is of great significance to study the influence of subgrade filling on permafrost temperature field in permafrost area for the smooth construction and safe operation of railway.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper builds up the model for the hydrothermal coupling calculation of permafrost using finite element software COMSOL to study how permafrost temperature field changes in the short term after subgrade filling, on which basis it proposes the method of calculation for the concave distortion of freezing front in the subgrade-covered area.

Findings

The results show that the freezing front below the subgrade center sinks due to the thermal effect of subgrade filling, which will trigger hydrothermal erosion in case of sufficient moisture inflows, leading to the thawing settlement or the cracking of the subgrade, etc. The heat output of soil will be hindered the most in case of July filling, in which case the sinking and the distortion of the freezing front is found to be the most severe, which the recovery of the permafrost temperature field, the slowest, constituting the most unfavorable working condition. The concave distortion of the freezing front in the subgrade area increases with the increase in temperature difference between the filler and ground surface, the subgrade height, the subgrade width and the volumetric thermal capacity of filler, while decreases with the increase of the thermal conductivity of filler. Therefore, the filler chose for engineering project shall be of small volumetric thermal capacity, low initial temperature and high thermal conductivity whenever possible.

Originality/value

The concave distortion of the freezing front under different working conditions at different times after filling can be calculated using the method proposed.
TNF‐α induced extracellular release of keratinocyte high‐mobility group box 1 in Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: Biomarker and putative mechanism of pathogenesis
Authors: Nwikue Gospel , Olsson‐Brown Anna , Aboheimed Nourah , Yip Vincent , Jolly Carol , Luchian Andreea , Ressel Lorenzo , Sharma Anurag , Bergfeld Wilma , Ahmed Shaheda , Dickinson Anne , Pirmohamed Munir , Carr Daniel F.
Published: June 2023

Decreased epidermal high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression is an early marker of epidermal injury in Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Etanercept, an anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapeutic, is effective in the treatment of SJS/TEN. The objective was to characterize antitumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐mediated HMGB1 keratinocyte/epidermal release and etanercept modulation. HMGB1 release from TNF‐α treated (± etanercept), or doxycycline‐inducible RIPK3 or Bak‐expressing human keratinocyte cells (HaCaTs) was determined by western blot/ELISA. Healthy skin explants were treated with TNF‐α or serum (1:10 dilution) from immune checkpoint inhibitor‐tolerant, lichenoid dermatitis or SJS/TEN patients ± etanercept. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of HMGB1 was undertaken. TNF‐α induced HMGB1 release in vitro via both necroptosis and apoptosis. Exposure of skin explants to TNF‐α or SJS/TEN serum resulted in significant epidermal toxicity/detachment with substantial HMGB1 release which was attenuated by etanercept. Whole‐slide image analysis of biopsies demonstrated significantly lower epidermal HMGB1 in pre‐blistered SJS/TEN versus control (P < 0.05). Keratinocyte HMGB1 release, predominantly caused by necroptosis, can be attenuated by etanercept. Although TNF‐α is a key mediator of epidermal HMGB1 release, other cytokines/cytotoxic proteins also contribute. Skin explant models represent a potential model of SJS/TEN that could be utilized for further mechanistic studies and targeted therapy screening.