bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of norms of law and principles of law in the legal system: primacy of origin
Authors: Garashko Anna
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this article is to study the question of the primacy of the origin, in relation to each other, of the norms of law and the principles of law. The author comes to the conclusion about the ambiguity and inconsistency of their correlation in legal science, and offers his own approach, according to which the principles of law and norms of law, and, consequently, the regularities of their correlation, can be considered in two contexts: as theoretical abstract con-cepts, and as concrete, clear legal phenomena, regulators of public relations. At the same time, in both of these cases, the primacy of the norms of law over the principles of law is proved. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical method of cognition, as well as analysis, synthesis, system and structural methods, induction and deduction.
LIPID ABNORMALITY IN HYPERTENSIVE SUDANESE PATIENTS IN SHENDI LOCALITY, SUDAN
Authors: Eltigani  , Barri  , Bakheit Khalid Hussein , Allzain Haghamad , Ahmed Hijazi Mohamed , Bakhit Ibrahim , Eltayeb Rashid
Published: January 2021

Hypertension is commonly associated with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. The presence of these cardiovascular risk factors and the resulting endothelial dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Dyslipidaemia, a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shendi locality from February 2011 to July 2012. The patients underwent a clinical assessment, which included history (a questionnaire) and clinical examination. 100 hypertensive patients. The age limits was 40 to 60 years.

There was sharp and definite increase in the percentage of patients having >200mg/dl total cholesterol after four years of diabetes mellitus from (28-34%) to (41%). There was a sharp increase in the percentage of patients having >150mg/dl of low density lipoproteins after 6 years of diabetes mellitus from(8-9%)  to (14.2%). There was also an increase in the percentage of patients having <160mg/dl of triglycerides after four years of diabetes mellitus from 53% to 61% of diabetes.
ASSESSING AND COMPARING THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING OFFLINE IMPULSIVE CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR IN INDIA
Authors: Jain Saloni , Khanna VandanaTandon
Published: January 2021

Consumers tend to buy more than they planned when out for shopping. The factors leading to the customers to buy more than they planned to on the basis of impulse are several and discussed in this paper. Primary data has been collected by only questionnaires on which descriptive analysis, factor analysis and correlation tools have been used to analyse the impact of different factors on impulsive buying behavior. The findings imply that the factors- past purchase experience, attractive store design and location trigger most impulse buys among consumers. However, factors like a good aroma and hedonic and emotional motives play a less important role in making consumers buy impulsively. Also, the study found that the post purchase dissonance is higher in unemployed/retired, married females than the other respondents’ categories of the survey. Moreover the study found that the factors are mostly independent of each other and do not correlate with other factors, except a set of few including hedonic motives and past purchase experience.
SOCIAL FORESTRY - A CASE STUDY OF THE DISTRICT OF NORTH 24-PARGANAS IN WEST BENGAL
Authors: Sahoo Bappaditya
Published: January 2021

Social Forestry now become a common work for all government in all civilized country. Its effects found not only on human being but also on every section of the society. Government should take necessary actions to do success social forestry programme.  This programme not only provide food,fodder, shelter for people but also a bulk amount of revenue to the government. Social forestry also effects on the climatic condition of the local area. Social forestry boost up the socio-economic condition of the country. It has great impact on national and international status. People play an important role to success social forestry.
A LONG RUN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOLD PRICE AND INFLATION- EVIDENCE FROM THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Anjali  , Thomachan K.T.
Published: January 2021

The study examines the long run relationship between gold price and inflation from the Indian experience.  The main objective of the study is to identify whether there is long run relationship between the gold price and inflation.  For the investigation three year monthly data from July 2011 to June 2014.  The study is conducted by Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test, Johansen Co-integration Test and Granger Causality Test and finally came to the conclusion that there is no long run relationship between gold price and inflation.
ROLE OF URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY - A CASE OF INDORE CITY
Authors: Mishra Soma Anil , Saxena Mayank , Pandit R.K.
Published: January 2021

Urban Transformation is an irreversible process and is bound to happen. The urban spaces also witness change in Social Sustainability with time. The question aroused out of this situation is that whether there is any linkage between Urban Transformation and Social Sustainability. The research paper is about Urban Transformation of Indore city and variation of Social Sustainability therein. Researcher’s aim is to analyze the level of social sustainability which persists along with the Urban Transformation faced in four distinguished locations of Indore city. The four areas are identified according to their social status. The researcher wishes to identify that process of Urban Transformation can make Social Sustainability better or worse despite of having citizens of similar background. Participation of the community, social bonding, cultural homogeneity and many such factors complement the process of Social sustainability. The paper is an effort for creating consciousness among designers of urban environment focusing upon their role as a social human being towards society. Cities should be designed in a manner so that they have proper interaction spaces and promote involvement of citizens for their own safety and security. Social bonds among neighbors develop a sense of responsibility in citizens. It should be taken care of and monitored as the conditions of society change along with Urban Transformation.

To achieve the above objective, researcher has discussed various experts’ points of view regarding Urban Transformation and Social Sustainability. Then a field study is prepared complementing the theory review. The study comprises of ground observations and analysis of questionnaire, which is prepared to have residents’ view regarding Urban Transformation and Social Sustainability. The questionnaire is weighed in five point Likert scale. Later the results are subjected to statistical analysis for testing the hypotheses.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF FLAT BELT CONVEYER SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT WEIGHT CONDITION
Authors: Tiwari Vishnu Dutta , Beohar Gouraw
Published: January 2021

A conveyor belt system essentially consists of an endless belt of elastic material connected between two flat pulleys and driven by the rotation of one of the pulleys by a direct current motor. Usually, the material is fed to the belt near the other end of the pulley. The moving belt that carries the material to the drive pulley tends to sag between the two end pulleys due to its own weight. Rubber conveyor belts are commonly used to transport items with uneven bottom surfaces, small items that fall between rolls, or product bags that sag between rolls.
STUDY AND PERFORMANCE OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE OF MODEL FOR DIFFERENT TYPE INSULATION MATERIALS WITH CAPACITANCE VALUE
Authors: Baghelkar Neetu , Dubey Abhishek
Published: January 2021

The properties of the insulating material must be the best to avoid failure of electrical equipment. Partial discharges act as electrical sparks that occur within insulation and the high-voltage electrical system. The different types of voltage and current pulses are produced, which last for a very short time. Partial discharge is taking place in high voltage power equipment such as cables, transmission lines and transformers, etc.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND DESIGN OF FLAT BELT CONVEYER SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT R.P.M.
Authors: Tiwari Vishnu Dutta , Beohar Gouraw
Published: January 2021

In this work, we are studying during experiments with a flat belt conveyor system with different speeds such as 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 R.P.M. In this study, it is also included that the observations of the different load capacities (Grams) at different outlet times (Hours). The design of the flat belt conveyor system is very important for the specific speed range of the material handling system from place to place, which depends on the effective length of the belt.
Editorial
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: January 2021

The Editorial Board of Pesquisa e Ensino em Ciências Exatas e da Natureza / Research and Teaching in Exact and Natural Sciences would like to thank the referees listed below for their critical review of articles submitted for Volume 4 (2020).
Anti-allergic Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Strawberries in Ovalbumin Induced Male Mice
Authors: Siska  , Diene Roufiani  , Ema Dewanti
Published: January 2021

Anaphylaxis is the most common allergic reaction triggered by allergens such as insect poisons, food, and drugs through skin contact, injection, or inhalation. In vitro previous research showed that strawberries fruit have activity as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergic. The research aimed to determine the antianaphylaxis strawberry fruit extract in mice (Balb/C strain) with ovalbumin-induced.  Twenty-four Balb/C strain mice were divided into six groups (n=4). Group I and II as a normal and control group. Group III till VI as a treatment group was given cetirizine dose 0.042 mg/20 g BW and strawberry extract doses 0,68; 1,36; and 2,72 mg/20 g BW, respectively. This research showed that 70 % of ethanol extract of strawberries fruit have antiallergic activity in response to active cutaneous anaphylaxis. 70% ethanol extract of strawberries doses 2.72 mg/20 g BW had similar antiallergic activity compare with cetirizine. The conclusion of this study showed that strawberries fruit extract could be developed as an alternative medicine to anti-anaphylaxis or anti-allergic.
Mammographic abnormalities after conservative breast surgery with immediate lipofilling: case control study
Authors: Damin Andréa Pires Souto , Neves Heloise , Biazús Jorge Villanova , Melo Márcia Portela , Zucatto Ângela Erguy
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Conservative breast surgery with immediate autologous fat grafting reconstruction (lipofilling) is emerging as a new technique for breast reconstruction. Concerns have been raised about mammographic abnormalities caused by immediate lipofilling. Lipofilling can lead to mammographic abnormalities, with diffuse microcalcifications as the most frequent, followed by oil cysts. The incidence of radiological abnormalities resulting from fat grafting varies significantly in the literature, ranging from 0 to 86%. However, until now, no study has addressed the mammographic abnormalities found after conservative breast surgery with immediate lipofilling. Methods: This case-control study involved patients submitted to conservative breast surgery with or without immediate lipofilling in our facility between 2010 and 2013. Pathological and clinical characteristics of both groups were compared. The patients included underwent breast imaging tests with digital mammography every six months for two years. In each period, image changes were compared between the two groups. Results: Patients submitted to conservative breast surgery with immediate lipofilling were compared to those without immediate lipofilling. The mean volume grafted was 125±39 cc. Patients who underwent immediate lipofilling were younger than control patients (52.5 vs. 58.9 years, p=0.001). Other pathological and clinical characteristics were not statistically different between the two groups. Mammographic findings revealed no significant differences in the frequency of nodules (0 vs. 8, p=0.2) and calcifications (30 vs. 92, p=0.2) between patients with and without lipofilling. However, patients submitted to immediate lipofilling presented a higher frequency of oil cysts (6 vs. 5, p=0.01) and fat necrosis (3 vs. 1, p=0.03) after 24 months of radiotherapy. No patient was submitted to biopsy during the follow-up. Conclusions: This was the first study to show that lipofilling concomitantly with conservative breast surgery does not seem to induce significant radiological changes. These findings indicate that, from a radiological point of view, immediate lipofilling is safe and can be a new tool in breast oncoplasty.
Analysis of breast nodule vascularity as a predictive factor for malignancy
Authors: Borba Jessica Maria Camargo , Buratto Isabela Panzeri Carlotti , Garoze Gabriele Castiglioni , Carmo Raquel Moura do , Tiezzi Daniel Guimarães
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Ultrasound is considered the main complementary diagnostic method to mammography in screening malignant breast nodules. The fifth edition of the BI-RADS® classification suggests analyzing nodule vascularity and the resistance index (RI) during the ultrasound. However, they are still not considered a decisive factor for the final classification. Objectives: To evaluate if the vascularity of breast nodules is a predictive factor for malignancy, and identify the RI value of the vessel most associated with malignant results. Methodology: This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed 750 ultrasound-guided breast biopsies performed at the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP) from August 2015 to May 2017. The variables analyzed included examination date, ultrasound BI-RADS® category, internal nodule vascularity, RI value, and biopsy result. Exams from patients with no breast nodule were excluded. The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's X² test. Results: The presence of vessels inside the nodule was highly associated with malignancy (OR=7.2, p<0.0001) and also with BI-RADS® categories of greater risk (p<0.0001). The median RI was 0.7 (interquartile range – IQR=0.23) in benign nodules with vessel and 0.86 (IQR=0.23) in malignant ones, with statistical significance (p<0.0001). The RI cut-off point to predict malignancy was 0.71 with 83.8% accuracy, 91.9% sensitivity, and 57% specificity (according to the Receiver Operating Characteristic – ROC – curve). Nodules initially classified as 4A but with internal vascularity and high resistance (RI>0.71) proved to be malignant in the biopsy in 35.7% of cases, that is, much higher than expected for the category (2% to 10%). Similarly, 72% of nodules initially classified as 4B but with internal vascularity and high resistance were malignant. On the other hand, 18.4% of nodules classified as 4C but without internal vascularity had malignancy confirmed by biopsy, far below the expected for the category (50% to 95%). Conclusion: The presence of internal vascularity and the RI were important factors for differentiating benign nodules from malignant ones on ultrasound, and in images classified as BI-RADS® 4, this information can be essential when dividing these nodules into subcategories (4A, 4B, and 4C).
Malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: case report and literature review
Authors: Ferreira Luana Grazielle dos Santos , Ramos Lilian de Sá Paz
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is a rare, malignant, biphasic tumor of low grade, usually found in older women. Cases of metastasis are unusual, and when they occur, the most common sites are the lungs, brain, and thyroid. Clinical case: We discussed the case of a 49-year-old female patient with mammography and breast ultrasound showing a solid lesion, with ill-defined margins in the left breast. Excisional biopsy was performed, and the histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of malignant adenomyoepithelioma with focally involved surgical margins. The treatment chosen was mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Conclusion: The course and prognosis of the disease are unclear. Local recurrence is common; however, complete excision with safety margins represent the most effective form of treatment.
Gestational gigantomastia
Authors: Garcia Letícia Augusto , Tarricone Vicente , Dugatto Marco Antônio , Soares Lara Varini , Kimus Fabiano Affonso
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Gigantomastia is a disease of unknown etiology, which can occur in two different situations: gestational and non-gestational phases. The gestational type is a rare complication that affects 1:28,000 to 1:100,000 pregnancies and is usually bilateral. It consists of a diffuse, massive breast increase during pregnancy. In a normal pregnancy, the breasts double in size without sequelae; however, in this disease, the breast tissue may experience a 10 to 20-fold increase. The treatment varies from drug therapy to plastic surgery (mammaplasty) and radical surgery (mastectomy). Objectives: To report a case of gestational gigantomastia, its treatment approach, and outcome. Methods: Data from this study were obtained from a multidisciplinary clinical experience, image records, and literature search. Case Report: An 18-year-old patient, admitted to the mastology department of Hospital Guilherme Álvaro, in Santos, Southeastern Brazil, was diagnosed with gigantomastia in her 23rd week of pregnancy. The exacerbated breast growth during the gestational period caused pain and functional impairment to the patient. Bilateral mastectomy was performed at 27 weeks of pregnancy due to the worsening of her pulmonary condition, leading to the risk of maternal and fetal death. Macroscopic anatomopathological examination revealed breasts with a total weight of 27 kg, lobular hyperplasia, pronounced stromal hyperplasia, and necrosis of the breast parenchyma. She stayed in the intensive care unit during the postoperative period with good progression. The patient had a normal delivery at 38 weeks of gestation with a live fetus. Discussion: The ideal management for gestational gigantomastia is not clear. The treatment includes surgeries (reduction mammaplasty and total mastectomy with or without reconstruction), medications, or a combination of both. In the current case, the treatment chosen was mastectomy during pregnancy due to respiratory distress and the risk of sepsis by ischemic tissue necrosis. During the surgical procedure, there was a risk of hemodynamic instability, given the large volume of breast removed, representing 40% of the total weight of the patient. Conclusion: Gestational gigantomastia is an exceptionally rare condition, and the literature has few reports on the subject. The therapeutic management depends on factors intrinsic to the patient, so each case requires individualization. The therapeutic decision aims at the best prognosis, taking into account possible complications and a reduction in maternal and fetal morbidity.
Injury in axillary thoracic duct
Authors: Lima Juliana Ferreira de , Anderson Bruna , Nisida Antônio Carlos Toshihiro , Engel Fabiano Cataldi , Gebrim Luiz Henrique
Published: January 2021

Introduction: In adults, the lymph flow through the thoracic duct presents about 4 liters a day; therefore, its injury may lead to accumulation in the pleural cavity, causing acute and chronic changes in pulmonary function. However, if less frequent, such an accumulation can still be observed in surgery, as was the case of the patient reported in this study. The injuries are not so frequent and may be caused by neoplasms or during surgical procedures in in the thoracic region and trauma, such as esophagectomy, mediastinal and pleuropulmonary surgeries. The early recognition and adequate therapy for the fistula in the thoracic duct prevent secondary nutrient and lymphocyte depletion. Clinical diagnosis is mostly based on high chest drain output, accompanied by the milky aspect. Besides, computed tomography, lymphoscintigraphy and lymphoangiography are possible methods for diagnosis. The clinical series about injuries in the duct after thoracic surgeries report that 25% to 50% of the cases present the spontaneous closure of the fistula only with conservative measures, such as the introduction of parenteral nutrition or enteral diet with medium-chain triglycerides. The persistence of the fistula leads to the need for clinical-surgical treatment. Objective: To report the case of rare post-surgery complication in a patient submitted to modified radical mastectomy (left) with immediate breast reconstruction. Results: Forty-eight year old woman born in Santana do Parnaíba – SP, diagnosed with left-breast cancer, invasive breast carcinoma histological type, Luminal B, submitted to modified radical mastectomy (left) (Madden technique), with immediate breast reconstruction. The intraoperative period showed major impairment in left axillary lymph nodes involving lymph vessels and nodes. In the postoperative period, she presented high drainage in the suction drain, with milky aspect, in the left axillary region. Then came the hypotheses of surgical complications, such as secondary infection, seroma, and thoracic duct injury, or in some branch. The biochemical analysis of the milky fluid showed high concentration of triglycerides, and cytology described the presence of proteinaceous material and macrophages. A conservative conduct was chosen, with adjustment of hyperproteic, hypoglycific diet, rich in medium-chain triglycerides. Twenty days after tha diagnostic hypothesis, the patient underwent lymphoscintigraphy, which did not show the fistula. She evolved with gradual output reduction until the removal of the drain, and was discharged from the hospital in good conditions. At the time, the patient continues with the adjuvant treatment for breast neoplasm. Conclusion: Post-surgical lymphatic fistula in the axillary region is a rare complication; however, its early diagnosis and treatment is essential in order to prevent complications, such as malnutrition and worsened immunological status.
Risk-reducing adenomastectomy: series of 124 procedures carried out in brazilian patients
Authors: Frasson Antonio Luiz , Lichtenfels Martina , Souza Alessandra Borba Anton de , Falcone Ana Beatriz , Frasson Monica Adriana Rodriguez Martinez
Published: January 2021

Objective: Women with mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes have a significantly higher lifetime risk of developing breast cancer and can opt for risk-reducing mastectomy. Women with positive family history of cancer can also opt for prophylactic surgery as a preventive method in selected cases. Current studies showed reduced risk of developing breast cancer after prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy; however, despite the good clinical outcomes, one of the main concerns regarding nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the oncologic safety and nipple-areola complex preservation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the indications, complication rates and unfavorable events of 62 Brazilian patients who underwent 124 risk-reducing NSM from 2004 to 2018. Methods: Patient data was reviewed retrospectively and descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the findings. Results: The mean patients’ age was 43.8 years. The main indication for risk-reducing NSM was the presence of pathogenic mutation (53.3%), followed by atypia or lobular carcinoma in situ (25.8), and family history of breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer (20.9%). There were four (3.2%) incidental diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ and one invasive ductal carcinoma (0.8%). From the 124 prophylactic NSM performed, two (1.6%) complications occurred: one (0.8%) infection and one (0.8%) partial nipple necrosis. In a mean follow-up of 50 months, there was one (1.6%) newly diagnosed breast cancer in the 62 patients undergoing prophylactic NSM. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated efficacy and safety to perform NSM as prophylactic surgery with good oncologic outcomes and low complication rates in a case series of Brazilian patients.
Granular cell tumor of the breast: Case report
Authors: Souza Juliana da Costa , Lima Juliana Ferreira de , Pace Aline Bortolotto Di , Prior Sandro Luiz Sayão , Gebrim Luiz Henrique
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Granular cell tumor (GCT) is rare, usually benign, with less than a 2% chance of malignancy. It is usually located in the tongue, and affects the breast in only 6% of the reported cases, with incidence of 1:1000 cases of breast carcinoma. Its origin is related to the Schwann cells. It presents itself as a firm, painless, moveable mass, smaller than 3 cm. It can affect men and women in several age groups, and is more frequent among black women, from the 4th to the 6th decades of life. The image mimics malignant lesions. Mammography shows: dense, circumscribed, sometimes spiculated nodules, without associated microcalcifications. The ultrasound showed: solid, hypoechoic, heterogeneous, round, irregular nodule, with irregular halo in some cases. Histologically, there are large, polygonal cells, with eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm displayed in blades or trabeculae, with benign, atypical and malignant variants. Positive immunohistochemical (IHC) for markers such as: S00 protein, vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, CD-57, CF-68, inhibin alpha, SOX-10, calretinin, PGP9.5, Gap43. The treatment is the excision of the lesion with margins, with low risk of recurrence. Objective: To describe a case of GCT in Hospital Pérola Byington in January/2019. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive case report obtained through a medical chart review. Results: S.R.P, 56-year old female, white patient, assisted in January, 2019, complaining of a nodule in the right breast for three months. She denies comorbidities, is not aware of family history of cancer. G1P1N, menacme from the age of 13 to 53, denies hormone therapies. At the first examination: nodule measuring 2.5x2.5cm, in the right SLQ, retracting the nipple; right axilla (RA) showing palpable lymph node. Mammography shows a nodule in the right breast (RB), with irregular shape, partially defined borders, measuring 3.8 cm, located in SLQ(B4)-. An ultrasound guided nodule core biopsy at 10hMD, measuring 2.24x1.52x1.97, RA without findings. Biopsy suggests GCT (without IHC). The choice was to perform an ultrasound guided mammotome with IHC, confirming the GCT (positive for S-100, CD-68, enolase and vimentin), submitted to sectorectomy for the excision of the residual lesion. Conclusions: GCT is rare, benign, in most cases; however, when clinical, epidemiological and imaging characteristics suggest cancer, it is necessary to make an anatomopathological confirmation with IHC and excision of the lesion.
Treatment after breast cancer recurrence: Conserving surgery or adenomastectomy?
Authors: Frasson Antonio Luiz , Lichtenfels Martina , Vollbrecht Betina , Falcone Ana Beatriz , Barbosa Fernanda
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Different factors are related with the increased risk of local recurrence, such as tumor grade, surgical margins and age. The recurrence of a tumor shows the aggressiveness of the disease and can be related with progression and worse prognosis. Radical mastectomy is the standard treatment for patients who present local recurrence after conserving surgery (CS); however, different studies have shown oncological safety using a new conserving surgery as an alternative to treat recurrence in selected patients. In the past few years, due to an increasing concern of mastologists with oncological safety, besides the aesthetic result, adenomastectomy (nipple-sparing mastectomy, NSM) became a good therapeutic choice for patients with breast cancer. Several authors have demonstrated similar recurrence and survival rates when compared to NSM techniques and total mastectomy. This study aims at assessing the local recurrence rates and the distance of NSM versus CS for the treatment of breast cancer recurrence. Methods: We assessed data from patients with breast cancer recurrence after conserving surgery who were treated with NSM, 24 patients, or new CS, 22 patients. All surgeries to treat the recurrence were carried out between 2001 and 2017. Results: The mean age of patients submitted to NSM was 52.7 years, and 61.3 years in the CS group. Patients submitted to a new conserving surgery presented 81.8% of tumors smaller than 2 cm; 81.3% grade 1 and 2 tumors; and 43.9% of luminal A tumors. In comparison to these characteristics, the patients who underwent NSM demonstrated lower rates (66.7%) of tumors smaller than 2 cm, higher rates of grade 2 (63.2%) and 3 (36.8%) tumors, and only 26.4% presented luminal A tumors, being the highest percentage (52.6%) of luminal B tumors. After a mean follow-up period of 140 months, the local recurrences were similar for both groups: 20.9% in NSM, and 22.7% in CS. Only 1 (4.2%) patient submitted to NSM presented metastasis, and in the CS group, no patient presented metastasis. Conclusions: By assessing the characteristics of patients submitted to NSM or CS for the treatment of breast cancer recurrence after previous CS, we observed younger patients and more aggressive tumors in the group that underwent NSM. Despite these characteristics, the local recurrence rates were similar in both surgeries. The presented local recurrence rates are high, and show the difficulty to treat the recurrence of previous tumors. No patient in the CS group presented with metastasis, and only one was shown in the group of patients submitted to NSM. These results suggest that NSM can be a surgical option to treat breast cancer recurrence when CS is not possible; however, further studies need to be carried out to elucidate these findings.
Breast mucinous cystadenocarcinoma – case report
Authors: Rabinovich Iris , Sebastiao Ana Paula Martins , Spadoni Cristiane Grein Bassi , Urban Cícero de Andrade , Costa Natalia de Souza
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary breast tumor, first described in 1998. It was removed from the WHO classification in 2012, due to lack of consensus about its definition. To our knowledge, only 25 cases have been published in the literature. Objective: Case report and discussion of a case of breast MCC diagnosed in Centro de Doenças da Mama in Curitiba. Case report: Premenopausal 51 year-old patient, complaining of pain and nodule in the left breast. Physical examination showed a palpable nodule of approximately 2 cm, in the UOQ of the left breast. The ultrasound showed a 2.3 cm nodule, BI-RADS 5, submitted to core-needle biopsy with diagnosis of carcinoma with mucinous differentiation, positive for estrogen receptor (ER). The PET-Scan did not show extramammary site capture. Conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node were performed, with breast reconstruction using the geometric compensation technique. Macroscopy showed a cystic and solid mass, of mucinous content, measuring 4.0x3.5 cm. The histological status was suggestive of MCC, with 2 negative sentinel lymph nodes. The IQ showed mammaglobin expression, CK7 and ER, negative expression of c-erbB-2, CK20 and CK5/6. The patient was submitted to radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Discussion: The primary breast MCC needs to be distinguished from ovarian and pancreatic metastasis. The IQ for CK7 and CK20 can be useful, considering that the pancreatic and ovarian MCC have concomitant expression of CK7 and CK20; the breast MCC expresses only CK7. In the 26 cases described in the literature, including this study, mean age was 62 years (41‒96), and the tumor size was variable (0.8–19 cm). Only 4 cases presented positive lymph nodes. Most described cases did not express ER. The reported cases were associated with good prognosis. Conclusion: A consensus on the histological nomenclature and longer follow-up time are necessary to better understand this variant.
Pelvic Lymphanedectomy due to metastatic breast cancer causing postrenal acute kidney injury
Authors: Beloni Ana Beatriz Charantola , Beloni Ana Clara Charantola , Beloni Leandro , Ferraz Lúcio Fábio Caldas
Published: January 2021

Introduction: About 30% of the patients healed from breast cancer recurred with metastasis, and the lymphatic is the main path of dissemination. Usually, postrenal acute kidney failure (AKI) is a result of gynecological, urological, gastrointestinal and retroperitoneal cancer, but unusual in breast cancer. Objectives: To report the unusual metastatic behavior of the carcinoma for diagnostic elucidation. Method: Anamnesis and review of medical charts and bibliography. Results: White, female, 69-year old women being retreated for invasive ductal breast cancer, luminal B type, was hospitalized in June, 2018, with hypothesis of bronchopneumonia and AKI due to dehydration and infection. Laboratory examinations indicated urea at 75 mg/dl, creatinine at 2.56 mg/dl, sodium at 141 mmol/L, and potassium at 4.2 mmol/L. The initial conduct included antibiotics and hydration with 0.9% saline solution. Abdominal and bladder ultrasound indicated dilatation of the pelvicalyceal systems system and proximal ureters, without pointing a location and cause of obstruction; urinary bladder with conserved shape and capacity; absence of images compatible with calculi and expansive solid, cystic or complex injuries. Due to the worsened glomerular filtration rate and oliguria, a double J catheter was inserted to the left. However, there was no improvement in kidney function. Then, a nephrostomy was performed to the right, which restituted urine traffic. In February, 2019, urotomography showed dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system and right ureters to the pelvis (L5), where it became narrow, with a 1.5 cm caliber ureter obstruction; multiple metastasis in the pelvic bones and bilateral pleural effusion. A double J catheter was inserted in the right ureter through a cateter via anterograde pathway, thus recovering kidney function and comfort. After 5 months, computed tomography showed pelvic lymphadenopathy as the cause of obstruction. Currently, the patient has a metallic catheter in the right side, with good general status and on anastrozole. Conclusions: Metastatic breast cancer is still challenging and prone to complications. Therefore, its knowledge allows a better approach of patients by correlating them with more diagnostic and care possibilities.
Sikap Belajar Kaitannya dengan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al Maarif Praya Timur Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Ilhamdi Mohammad Liwa , Al Idrus Agil , Santoso Didik
Published: January 2021

Hasil belajar merupakan ÃÂ salah satuÃÂ  indikator keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran. Mata pelajaran IPA dipelajari sejak tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Mata pelajarn IPA merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang diujian nasionalkan. Oleh karena itu siswa diharapkan memiliki hasil belajar IPA yang baik agar dapat lulus dalam ujian nasional. Sikap belajar menjadi bagian dari faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar IPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sikap belajar IPA siswa kaitannya dengan hasil belajar IPA. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTs Al MaÃ¢â¬â¢arif Praya Timur. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di MTs Al MaÃ¢â¬â¢arif Praya Timur Data dikumpulkan dengan metode angket dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada kaitan yang signifikan antara sikap belajar dengan hasil belajar IPA siswa M.Ts. Al MaÃ¢â¬â¢arif Praya Timur. Signifikansi positif ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi sikap belajar terhadap IPA semakin tinggi pula hasil belajar IPA yang diraihnya.
Competition Law of Ukraine
Authors: Kot O.О.
Published: January 2021

The research “Competition Law of Ukraine” by Oleksiy O. Kot is dedicated to give general overview of competition and antitrust regulation in legislation of Ukraine. After a brief description of the history of antitrust legislation development the main attention in this research paid to regulation of: protection from abuse of the monopoly; cartels (concerted actions); concentrations (M&A transactions); unfair competition; misleading information. Liability for antitrust legislation breach as well as problems of the actual court practice are also analysed in this research. Laws of Ukraine “On Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine” and “On Protection of Economic Competition” (unofficial translation of their current versions with latest amendments on December 2020) are included as annexes to this publication.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHTWEIGHT FILLERS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT-BASED SKIM COAT
Authors: KUPIŃSKI MARCIN , STOBIENIECKA KAROLINA , SKOWERA KAROL
Published: January 2021

Lightweight fillers are used in dry-mixed building mortars in order to improve thermal insulation properties, yield, and workability. In the case of thin layer products, used as a finishing layer, reduced thermal conductivity coefficient enables to restrain of water vapor condensation on walls – which inhibits mold growth. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of 4 types of lightweight fillers on the performance of cement-based skim coat – with emphasis on the economic aspect. Formulas reflecting typical commercial products were used. The dosage of different components -such as expanded perlite, glass and polymeric bubbles or expanded glass – was optimized for sufficient yield and workability, keeping the constant price of 1 kg of the final product. Mechanical parameters, capillary absorption coefficient, and thermal conductivity coefficient were determined. Observations by Scanning Electron Microscope revealed poor incorporation of polymer microspheres in the cement matrix, leading to loss of mechanical strength. With the addition of expanded glass, an increase of flexural and compressive strength thanks to the pozzolanic reaction was observed. Glass bubbles were found the most effective additive.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan, Kepuasan dan Penurunan Sisa Makanan Pasien Hipertensi Akibat Konseling Gizi
Authors: Fatmawati Dewi Ima , Nirbaya Arindra , Setyaningrum Yahmi Ira
Published: January 2021

Hipertensi sering diderita oleh orang Indonesia. Prevalensi hipertensi harus diatas, karena menimbulkan komplikasi yang membahayakan jiwa. Alternatif solusi melalui konseling gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap pengetahuan, kepuasan dan sisa makanan pasien hipertensi di RSU Mitra Delima Bululawang Malang. Desain penelitian one group pre-post-test yang mengukur tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat kepuasan dan sisa makanan pasien  sebelum konseling gizi dan setelah konseling gizi. Sampel berjumlah 16 pasien yang diukur tingkat pengetahuan dan kepuasan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Sisa makanan diukur dengan metode comstock, Analisis bivariat yang digunakan untuk variabel tingkat pengetahuan dan kepuasan yaitu uji paired t-test, sedangkan sisa makanan adalah uji Willcoxon signed rank test. Konseling gizi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan sebesar 37,5%, dengan nilai pre tes 48,7% dan post tes 86,2%. Tingkat kepuasan aroma, bumbu, tekstur dan kematangan juga meningkat setelah konseling gizi. Sisa makanan lauk hewani, lauk nabati, sayuran meningkat setelah konseling gizi. Persentase sisa makanan sayuran rata – rata sebelum konseling gizi sebesar 53,8% dan setelah konseling gizi sebesar 19,3%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa konseling gizi mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, kepuasan, dan menurunkan makanan sisa di piring pasien RSU Mitra Delima.
Os fatores que contribuem para os casos de reincidência da violência doméstica no Centro de Atendimento à Mulher (CAM) do município de Vilhena/RO
Authors: Meira Edimilson Lopes de
Published: January 2021

A violência doméstica é uma questão histórica, social e cultural, que ainda hoje faz parte da realidade de muitas mulheres em lares brasileiros. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo é conhecer o contexto histórico e atual da violência doméstica através de pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como verificar os fatores que contribuem para os casos de reincidência da violência doméstica, especificamente, no Centro de Atendimento à Mulher – CAM do município de Vilhena/RO. Assim sendo, para se chegar ao objetivo proposto este estudo perpassa por temáticas como: conceituação da violência, formas de violência, políticas públicas de enfrentamento a violência doméstica incluindo a lei Maria da penha. Destarte, também é objetivo do trabalho tratar a violência doméstica e familiar sob diferentes ângulos, pois, embora, tenham ocorrido avanços no trato desta questão é preciso divulgar e levar ao conhecimento da sociedade os direitos de proteção garantidos pela lei às mulheres vitimadas.
Genre specificity of the monodrama by the Mordovian writer A. P. Teryoshkin «The Whistleblower»
Authors:   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Antonov Yu. G.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: the Mordovian drama genre paradigm develops constantly and is presently enriched with creative innovations that demonstrate the search for the new forms of interpreting reality and the ways to present individual and personal spirits of people. Innovative phenomena in drama update the ethnic art literature and make significant adjustments to its aesthetic evolution. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to understand the artistic processes taking place in Mordovian drama. The object of the study is the artistic particularities of A. Teryoshkin’s genre experiment in the monodrama «The Whistleblower». Objective: to analyze the genre specifics of the monodrama «The Whistleblower» by A. Teryoshkin. Research materials: the monodrama «The Whistleblower» by A. Teryoshkin. Results and novelty of the research: the scientific novelty of the article is due to the small study of the creative work of A. Teryoshkin as the dramatist. The author comes to the conclusion that the analysis of individual human destiny in the monodrama by A. Teryoshkin is carried out by means of self-reflection of the hero in the form of a monologue story revealing the inner motifs of actions. In general, all this reflects the complexity and multidimensionality of the surrounding reality. The fact that the playwright uses extraordinary artistic means within the genre form, innovative for the national literature, confirms his intention to develop the aesthetic framework of Mordovian drama.
The comic in Udmurt folklore and artistic literature of the late XIX – early XX centuries
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Zaytseva T. I. , Yamaeva N. P. ,   Scientific-Research Institute of National Education
Published: January 2021

Introduction: the сomic is one of the ways of artistic reflection of reality. It shows the peculiarities of the national worldview at the certain period of history. To generalize the stages of evolution of the comic in literature, to establish causeand- effect relationships of development of genres and forms of the comic, it is necessary to identify its origins. The article development. Objective: to identify the origins and features of formation of comic genres in Udmurt literature in the aspect of continuity of traditions of oral folk art. Research materials: satirical and humorous works of Udmurt folklore and the initial stage of development of national literature. Results and novelty of the research: prerequisites of the comic in Udmurt literature are contained in laughing culture of the people, in rituals and rites that perform a magical function. An important source of the origin of literary comic genres was the genres of oral folk art with a dominant social function. A significant role was also played by the translation and cultural activities of the enlighteners, as well as the influence of older literatures. Based on the genres of oral and poetic creativity (comic, satirical, dance and game songs, fairy tales, fables, madyos, takmak) and taking into account, first of all, the experience of Russian literature, comic works of various genres are created in the Udmurt language. For the first time the article considers poorly studied works of Udmurt comic literature of the late XIX – early XX centuries. These are works of different genres of folklore origins: verses, poems, plays, essays, stories, novellas, feuilletons, parables, fables, madyos, new takmak, pamphlets, «light tales», etc. The educational theme of the first works gradually acquires a social and socio-political meaning complicating the poetics of the comic. Key words: the comic, genre, Udmurt folklore, Udmurt literature, laughter, satire, humor.
Ethno-cultural contacts of ancestors of the Khanty and Mansi peoples based on the materials of game culture
Authors:   Institute of History and Public Administration, Bashkir State University, Shagapova G. R.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: game culture of the Khanty end Mansi peoples has been developed over a long period of time, and it reveals different game plots, analogies of which we can find only in the Far East, Amur region, North-East of Russia and in North America. This allows us to determine the directions of the oldest contacts of migrations and cultural borrowings. Objective: to reveal common game plots in the culture of the Ob Ugrians and the peoples of the Far East and the North- East of Russia with following determination of the time and place of their emergence. Research materials: game plots published in works on the game culture of the Ob Ugrians, the peoples of the Far East, the Amur region, the North-East of Russia, and the Indians of North America. Results and novelty of the research: two games «The Snow Snake» and «Get Into the Ring With A Spear» were revealed, which linked the game cultures of Western Siberia, the Far East, the Amur region and North America, as well as at least three original stories: games with a large number of stones, various types of jumping, and jumping over sledges (narty) of the Khanty and Mansi peoples, which found analogies with the games of the peoples of the Far East and the North-East of Russia. The same type of rules, similar game equipment, and the male character of the games are observed. The author comes to the conclusion that the considered games originate from the oldest male rituals that came to America with Paleolithic migrants and have been preserved in the format of games. The games of the Eskimos, Chukchi, Koryaks and peoples of the Amur region, as well as the Ob Ugrians, indicate the existence of a common cultural space at a later time, but not earlier than the Paleolithic. Subsequently, the unity was destroyed: tribes and cultures migrated to the North-West (the ancestors of the Khanty and Mansi), to the North-East (the ancestors of the Chukchi, Koryaks, Evenks, etc.), and to the East (the ancestors of the peoples of the Amur region and the Far East). The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the game culture of the mentioned ethnic groups in a comparative aspect has not previously been the subject of scientific research.