РАБОТА 4.0: ВЫЗОВЫ И ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ
Authors: Лю П. , Белокрылова О.С. 
Published: February 2025

В статье оценены перспективы реализации в Китае современной модели занятости «Работа 4.0», начавшей формироваться, как и концепция «Индустрия 4.0», в Германии. Охарактеризованы базовые составляющие «Работы 4.0»: замена человека, его рутинных трудовых функций; создание принципиально новых типов рабочих мест; платформизация организации труда; удалённая работа по совместительству и аутсорсинг методов занятости; интеллектуализация и креативность содержания труда. Оценено влияние цифровизации, ускорившей в условиях пандемии отраслевую дифференциацию заработных плат. Осуществлён мониторинг реализации в Китае модели «Работа 4.0», выявлены сформировавшиеся вызовы для государственной политики занятости. Обоснованы предложения по повышению эффективности формирования модели «Работа 4.0» и компенсации негативных эффектов сжатия сегмента рынка труда устаревающих профессий.

Introduction. In the context of rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, technological changes have led to a fundamental institutionalization and digital transformation of labor demand. Based on Germany’s Industry 4.0 strategy, a labor and employment model Work 4.0was formed. The world of work being shaped within the Work 4.0 framework is more complex, dynamic, highly digitized and networked, more innovative, adaptable and flexible. The aim of the study is to determine the positive and negative effects of the Work 4.0model on employment, and to develop a set of measures for the state employment policy to respond to the challenges and impacts of the Work 4.0 model implementation. Results. Currently, digital technologies are sprea­ding rapidly and almost simultaneously worldwide. The Digital Revolution has shortened distan­ces, made it easier for people to communicate, increased competition, and deepened the international division of labor. With the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the new Work 4.0employment model is proliferating. The formation of the Work 4.0 employment model is a step-by-step process of the historical institutional and technological evolution of the society. In response to the digitalization and transformation of the social market economy brought about by the formation of the Work 4.0 employment model, the German Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs formulated its new vision for quality work in the digital age. In China, the strategy of connecting the economy to the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is formally institutionalized in the Made in China 2025 concept developed by the Government in 2015. The elaboration of the Work 4.0 employment model is a response of the labor market to the imperatives of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on the one hand, and a guarantee of the implementation of Germany’s strategy Industry 4.0 and China’s program Made in China 2025 on the other. Conclusion. Digitalization will change more jobs and more industries in the coming decades. At the same time, Work 4.0represents an important safeguard for the development of new intelligent digital manufacturing in the future. China’s strategy Made in China 2025 and Germany’s concept Industry 4.0 are important forward-looking programs for the long-term development of the national manufacturing industry in the conditions of the new round of technological revolution. The analysis shows that each of the programs has its own industrial and technical peculiarities, as well as scientific and cultural ones.