bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryptocurrencies investment framework using sentiment analysis of Twitter influencers
Authors: Zare Chahooki Mohammed Ali , Jahanbin Kia , Sutikno Tole
Published: February 2023

In recent years, cryptocurrency technology has become an attractive area for investment due to its transparency, independence, and non-transactional nature. Many analysts and researchers talk daily on social media about the future of various cryptocurrencies. These ideas can significantly impact whether or not people are willing to invest. This paper provides a framework to help traders learn about the opinions of influential people and organizations in the field. Over the course of six months, the sentiment of more than 90 significant Twitter users was extracted for the proposed framework. In this study, we used the Vader open-source tool for sentiment analysis. This paper provides an excellent opportunity for investment through sentiment analysis of lesser-known or emerging cryptocurrencies. Also in this paper, we introduce the user importance factor to calculate the value of each tweet based on the number of retweets and comments. This factor shows the importance of their opinions instead of considering the number of followers of the authors. This factor causes a lower coefficient to be assigned to an author's opinion if it decreases in importance over time. The results show that in the short and long term, users' opinions are very effective in the market for cryptocurrencies and in predicting its price  trend.
Analysis study of the bee algorithms as a mechanism for solving combinatorial problems
Authors: Shabat Hafedh Ali , Raheem Khamael Raqim
Published: February 2023

Combinatorial optimization problems are problems that have a large number of discrete solutions and a cost function for evaluating those solutions in comparison to one another. With the vital need of solving the combinatorial problem, several research efforts have been concentrated on the biological entities behaviors to utilize such behaviors in population-based metaheuristic. This paper presents bee colony algorithms which is one of the sophisticated biological nature life. A brief detail of the nature of bee life has been presented with further classification of its behaviors. Furthermore, an illustration of the algorithms that have been derived from bee colony which are bee colony optimization, and artificial bee colony. Finally, a comparative analysis has been conducted between these algorithms according to the results of the traveling salesman problem solution. Where the bee colony optimization (BCO) rendered the best performance in terms of computing time and results.
Bayesian deep learning methods applied to diabetic retinopathy disease: a review
Authors: Ismail Halbast Rashid , Hassan Masoud Muhammed
Published: February 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that cause retinal damage; therefore, it is a leading cause of blindness. However, early detection of this disease can dramatically reduce the risk of vision loss. The main problem of early DR detection is that the manual diagnosis by ophthalmology is time-consuming, expensive, and prone to misdiagnosis. Deep learning (DL) models have aided in the early diagnosis of DR, and DL is now frequently utilized in DR detection and classification. The main issues with classical DL models is that they are incapable to quantify the uncertainty in the models, thus they are prone to make wrong decisions in complex cases. However, Bayesian deep learning (BDL) models have recently evolved as unified probabilistic framework to integrate DL and Bayesian models to provides an accurate framework to identify all sources of uncertainty in the model. This paper introduces BDL and most recent research that used BDL approaches to treat diabetic retinopathy are reviewed and discussed. A thorough comparison of the existing Bayesian approaches in this topic is also presented. In addition, available datasets for the fundus retina, which is often employed in DR, are provided and reviewed.
Jahai language repository: a mobile application
Authors: Rahman Nurazzah Abd , Mohamad Masurah , Mohtar Itaza Afiani , Nor Saidi Adnan Md
Published: February 2023

The Jahai language is facing extinction primarily because it is among the least spoken language among minority groups in Malaysia. This is due to lesser speakers and the shift to using a more dominant language. The Jahai tribe is one of the community groups living in the Royal Belum Perak State Park. People who need assistance from Jahai people often face difficulties in communicating with them due to the language barrier. Therefore, a mobile translation system was developed to preserve the language. The system translates the Jahai terms into Malay language. This way, by using the system, other ethnics in Malaysia can understand the language especially when communicating with Jahai people. Three main steps are required in the translation process; first, key in the text input via special character keypad. Then, the system will search the matching word in the database. Finally, the meaning of the word will be displayed. The testing results have indicated this system is functional and accepted with the SUS score of 94/100. Several future recommendations could be made such as including voice search function and adding more Jahai terms in other categories so as to improve the functionality and usability of this proposed system.
Deep learning for classifying thai deceptive messages
Authors: Songram Panida , Khummanee Suchart , Chomphuwiset Phatthanaphong , Jareanpon Chatklaw , Boongasame Laor , Kawattikul Khanabhorn
Published: February 2023

Online deception has become a major problem affecting people, society, the economy, and national security. It is mostly done by spreading deceptive messages because message are quickly spread on social networks and are easily accessed by anyone. Detecting deceptive messages is challenging as the messages are unstructured, informal, and complex; this extends into Thai language messages. In this paper, various deep learning models are proposed to detect deceptive messages under two feature extraction trials. A balanced two-class dataset of deceptive and truthful Thai messages (n=2378) is collected from Facebook pages. Instance features are encoded using word embeddings (Thai2Fit) and one-hot encoding techniques. Five classification models, convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRU), CNN-BiLSTM, and CNN-BiGRU, are proposed and evaluated upon the dataset with each feature extraction technique. The experimental results show that all the proposed models had excellent accuracy (95.59% to 98.74%) and BiLSTM with one-hot encoding gave the best performance, achieving 98.74% accuracy.
Unmanned aerial vehicle: a review and future directions
Authors: Al-Shareeda Mahmood A. , Saare Murtaja Ali , Manickam Selvakumar
Published: February 2023

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will be crucial in the next generation of wireless communications infrastructure. When compared to traditional ground-based solutions, it is expected that their use in a variety of communication-based applications will increase coverage and spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of all relevant research works as follows. This paper presents types of UAVs (e.g., wireless coverage, military, agriculture, medical applications, environment, and climate, and delivery and transportation), characteristics of UAVs (e.g., node density, altering system topology, node mobility, radio broadcasting mode, frequency band, localization, and power consumption and network lifetime), the application of UAVs (e.g., Multi-UAV cooperation, UAV-to-VANET collaborations, and UAV-to-ground tasks). Additionally, this paper reviews the routing protocols of UAVs (e.g., topology-based, position-based, heterogeneous, delay-tolerant networks (DTNs), swarm-Based, and cluster-based) and simulation tools (e.g., OMNeT++, AVENS, MATLAB, NS3, SUMO, and OPNET). The design and development of any new methods for UAVs may use this work as a guide and reference.
Comparison hybrid techniques-based mixed transform using compression and quality metrics
Authors: Al-Rifaee Zainab Ibrahim Abood , Abood Samir Ibrahim , Ismaeel Tarik Zeyad
Published: February 2023

Image quality plays a vital role in improving and assessing image compression performance. Image compression represents big image data to a new image with a smaller size suitable for storage and transmission. This paper aims to evaluate the implementation of the hybrid techniques-based tensor product mixed transform. Compression and quality metrics such as compression-ratio (CR), rate-distortion (RD), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and Structural Content (SC) are utilized for evaluating the hybrid techniques. Then, a comparison between techniques is achieved according to these metrics to estimate the best technique. The main contribution is to improve the hybrid techniques. The proposed hybrid techniques are consisting of discrete wavelet transform (W), multi-wavelet transform (M), and tensor product mixed transform (T) as 1-level W, M, and T techniques. WT and MT are the 2-level techniques, while WWT, WMT, MWT, and MMT are the 3-level techniques. For each level of each technique, a reconstructed process is applied. The simulation results using MATLAB 2019a indicated that the MMT is the best technique with CR=1024, R(D)=4.154, and PSNR=81.9085. Also, it is faster than the other techniques in the previous works as compared with them. Further research might investigate whether this technique can benefit image and speech recognition.
Raga classification using enhanced spatial bound whale optimization algorithm
Authors: Gowrishankar Bettadamadahally Shivakumaraswamy , U. Bhajantri Nagappa
Published: February 2023

A raga is a unique set of notes with certain rules that carefully followed, retain and protect its purity and produce amazing musical effects. An automated raga transcription and identification is important for computational musicology, which is an important step for musicology for indexing, classifying, and recommending tunes. In the present research, the audio features such as mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs), spectral flux, short time energy, audio feature extractor, and spectral centroid features are used for the prediction of a raga. The model showed more complexity which means it required lots of training data. The proposed enhanced spatial bound whale optimization algorithm (ESBWOA) is used that overcome the feature selection problem of high dimensional features. In addition to this, a weighted salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is used for selecting the tone-based features from the ragas based on amplitude or each raga sample. The features were fed for bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network, which enhanced the success rate for raga identification and classification. The present research uses CompMusic dataset in the research work where 9 classes for Carnatic music and 7 classes in Hindustani music are considered for the classification of ragas.
Application of smartphone in recognition of human activities with machine learning
Authors: Fayadh Sabah Mohammed , Alsaadi Elham Mohammed Thabit A. , Hallawi Huda
Published: February 2023

The aim of activity recognition is to determine the physical action being performed by one or more users based on a series of observations made during the user's actions in the relevant environment. Significant advancements in the field of human activity have resulted in the creation of novel ways for supporting elderly persons in doing their tasks independently. Using ambient computing, this type of service will be manageable. Many of services are provided by ambient technology, involving home automation tools, monitoring the behaviour of diseased individuals, and utility management. Numerous academics are focusing their efforts on computer software architectures, system infrastructure, and distributed applications utilising sensor devices. Aim of this project is to develop an algorithm that can perform human activity recognition (HAR) better than the existing state-of-the-art approach. Several tasks must be done to achieve this goal. To compete with an existing HAR system, this study will rely on secondary data from the cutting-edge experiment; no new data will be collected. The central experiment will be used to quantitatively identify the best classifier based on prediction accuracy. The current study entails monitoring and assessing existing literature in order to generate hypotheses that may be tested via experiment.
Fast-local and slow-global neural ensembles in the mouse brain
Authors: Delaney Thomas J. , O’Donnell Cian
Published: February 2023

Ensembles of neurons are thought to be coactive when participating in brain computations. However, it is unclear what principles determine whether an ensemble remains localised within a single brain region, or spans multiple brain regions. To address this, we analysed electrophysiological neural population data from hundreds of neurons recorded simultaneously across nine brain regions in awake mice. At fast subsecond timescales, spike count correlations between pairs of neurons in the same brain region were stronger than for pairs of neurons spread across different brain regions. In contrast at slower timescales, within- and between-region spike count correlations were similar. Correlations between high-firing-rate neuron pairs showed a stronger dependence on timescale than low-firing-rate neuron pairs. We applied an ensemble detection algorithm to the neural correlation data and found that at fast timescales each ensemble was mostly contained within a single brain region, whereas at slower timescales ensembles spanned multiple brain regions. These results suggest that the mouse brain may perform fast-local and slow-global computations in parallel.
Parkinson’s disease speech production network as determined by graph-theoretical network analysis
Authors: Schill Jana , Simonyan Kristina , Lang Simon , Mathys Christian , Thiel Christiane , Witt Karsten
Published: February 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) can affect speech as well as emotion processing. We employ whole-brain graph-theoretical network analysis to determine how the speech-processing network (SPN) changes in PD, and assess its susceptibility to emotional distraction. Functional magnetic resonance images of 14 patients (aged 59.6 ± 10.1 years, 5 female) and 23 healthy controls (aged 64.1 ± 6.5 years, 12 female) were obtained during a picture-naming task. Pictures were supraliminally primed by face pictures showing either a neutral or an emotional expression. PD network metrics were significantly decreased (mean nodal degree, p < 0.0001; mean nodal strength, p < 0.0001; global network efficiency, p < 0.002; mean clustering coefficient, p < 0.0001), indicating an impairment of network integration and segregation. There was an absence of connector hubs in PD. Controls exhibited key network hubs located in the associative cortices, of which most were insusceptible to emotional distraction. The PD SPN had more key network hubs, which were more disorganized and shifted into auditory, sensory, and motor cortices after emotional distraction. The whole-brain SPN in PD undergoes changes that result in (a) decreased network integration and segregation, (b) a modularization of information flow within the network, and (c) the inclusion of primary and secondary cortical areas after emotional distraction.
Typification of Mattirolella silvestrii (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota)
Authors: FERRETTI-CISNEROS NATHALIA U. , SOUZA PRISCILLA S. , BARBOSA J. RENATO C. , LIMA RIVETE S. , VASCONCELLOS ALEXANDRE , WARTCHOW FELIPE
Published: February 2023

Mattirolella S. Colla (1929: 44) is a genus of anamorphic fungi belonging to Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota (Wijayawardene et al. 2020), and is an apparent exclusive ectoparasite of the termite, Rhinotermes marginalis Linnaeus (1758: 550). It is traditionally treated as having a sporodochial to acervular conidiomata, with specialized basal cells forming haustoria that penetrate the tegumentum of the host, causing hypertrophy of the epiderm (Colla 1929, Khan & Kimbrough 1974a). Later, the morphology of Mattirolella was revisited and considered as forming thin and compact haustoria (Khan & Kimbrough 1974b) under a chambered and beaked ‘pycnidium’ (Kimbrough & Thorne 1982). Here we treat the conidiomata of M. silvestrii as a pycnothyrium (see Hughes 1953, Kirk et al. 2008).
Impact of resveratrol-containing peptide nanospheres on retinoblastoma cells
Authors: Su Fanfan , Luan Guogang , Guo Ming , Wang Jinhua
Published: February 2023

For exploring an effective treatment of retinoblastoma (Rb), which is a threat to children, we constructed Resveratrol-peptide nanospheres (RES-PN) drug delivery system. Y-79 and S0-Rb50 cells were cultured to test the antitumor ability of RES-PN nanocomposites. In physicochemical properties
test, we found PN could prolong RES half-life by about 3 times, and the particle size of RES-PN was about 214.10±3.73 nm, which was higher than that of PN (201.85±3.41 nm). Meanwhile, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate of RES-PN were 90.77±3.51% and 9.82±0.64%,
respectively. In the cell test, we found that RES-PN could better kill Rb cells and reduce their viability and invasiveness. Meanwhile, RES may induce Rb cell apoptosis through a mechanism possibly related to the JAK2/STAT3 axis. Hence, RES-PN shows great potential in Rb therapy.
Single crystalline α-manganese dioxide (α-MnO2) nanowires as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Umar Ahmad , Ahmed Faheem , Algadi Hassan , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Alhamami Mohsen A. , Qasem Hussam , Akbar Sheikh
Published: February 2023

Here, we present the facile synthesis and characterizations of Alpha-Manganese dioxide nanowires (α-MnO2 NWs) and their effective use as potential anode materials to fabricate Li-ion batteries. The α-MnO2 NWs were synthesized by a simple
hydrothermal method, and their structural, morphological, and compositional characteristics were studied using a variety of techniques. To fabricate Li-ion batteries, the prepared α-MnO2 NWs served as an effective anode material, which demonstrated a reversible capacity
of about 372 mAhg−1 at a current density of 100 mAg−1 for the first cycle, and it exhibited a discharge capacity of about 330 mAhg−1 for the 60 cycles, according to the electrochemical experiments. Furthermore, the Coulombic efficiency of
99% after 60 cycles supported the good reversible charge–discharge behavior.
Impact of Thunderstorm Location Data Assimilation on Numerical Weather Forecasting
Authors: Rubinshtein Konstantin G. , Gubenko Inna M.
Published: February 2023

The article compares four lightning detection networks, provides a brief overview of lightning observation data assimilation in numerical weather forecasts, and describes and illustrates the used procedure of lightning location and time assimilation in numerical weather forecasting. Evaluations of absolute errors in temperatures of air at 2 m, humidity at 2 m, air pressure near the surface, wind speed at 10 m, and precipitation are provided for 10 forecasts made in 2020 for days on which intensive thunderstorms were observed in the Krasnodar region of Russia. It has been found that average errors for the forecast area for 24, 48, and 72 h of the forecast decreased for all parameters when assimilation of observed lightning data is used for forecasting. It has been shown that the predicted precipitation field configuration and intensity became closer to references for both areas where thunderstorms were observed and the areas where no thunderstorms occurred.
The Effect of Area Social Deprivation on Health Behavior and Health Care Utilization in an Adult Trauma Population
Authors: Portelli Tremont Jaclyn N. , Adams Ursula C. , Holloway Alexa D. , Kratzke Ian M. , McIntyre Sarah A. , Udekwu Pascal O. , Pressley Crystal M.
Published: February 2023

Social determinants of health may mediate health disparities, but these variables are not routinely measured in clinical practice. This is a retrospective, single-institution study that evaluates the effect of area deprivation on outcomes after trauma admission. Adult trauma patients 18 years and older were eligible. Patients were stratified into high-area (HSD) or low-area (LSD) social deprivation cohorts using zip code of residence. Regression modeling was used to explain the association between HSD, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Patients who resided in HSD areas made up 29.5% of the study population, were more likely to be younger, male, and identify as a non-White race. Patients in the HSD cohort were also less likely to be admitted to the ICU (OR 0.84, CI 0.71-0.98) and discharged with additional services (OR 0.73, CI 0.57-0.94). We found that independently, area social deprivation affects trauma outcomes and the resources a patient is provided after discharge.
The Safe Cholecystectomy: Evaluating the Use of Laparoscopic Subtotal Cholecystectomy Between Junior and Senior Faculty
Authors: Smith Michael C. , Nordness Mina F. , Fogel Jessa , Streams Jill R. , Dennis Bradley M. , Gunter Oliver L.
Published: February 2023

Background

Laparoscopic Subtotal Cholecystectomy (SC) is a technique for performing safe cholecystectomy when excessive inflammation prevents exposure of the Critical View of Safety. Studies have evaluated outcomes and complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), with mixed results in terms of surgeon experience. It is unclear if the rate of SC is associated with experience. We hypothesized that the rate of SC would decrease as surgical experience increased.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of LC performed at an academic medical center. Demographics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. We performed a multivariable logistic regression to examine the relationship between years in practice and performance of SC. We performed a sensitivity analysis comparing those in their first year on faculty with all others.

Results

Between November 1, 2017, and November 1, 2021, there were 1222 LC performed. 771 patients (63%) were female. 89 patients (7.3%) underwent SC. There were no bile duct injuries requiring reconstruction. Controlling for age, sex, and ASA class, there was no difference in the rate of SC by years of experience (OR .98, 95% CI .94–1.01). In a sensitivity analysis comparing first-year faculty to those beyond their first year, there was also no difference (OR .76, 95% CI 0.42-1.39).

Discussion

We find no difference in the rate of performance of SC between junior and senior faculty. This reflects consistency, in keeping with best practice guidelines. This could be confounded by junior faculty requesting assistance during difficult operations. Further investigation into factors affecting decision-making may clarify this.
Acute Kidney Injury in Hypotensive Trauma Patients Following Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta Placement
Authors: Hunt Iris , Gold Logan , Hunt John P. , Marr Alan B. , Greiffenstein Patrick , Stuke Lance , Smith Alison
Published: February 2023

Background

ER-Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (ER-REBOA) is an adjunct tool to achieve hemostasis in trauma patients with non-compressible torso hemorrhage. The development of the partial REBOA (pREBOA) allows for distal perfusion of organs while maintaining occlusion of the aorta. The primary aim of this study was to compare rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) in trauma patients who had placement of either a pREBOA or ER-REBOA.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of adult trauma patients who underwent REBOA placement between September 2017 and February 2022 was performed. Baseline demographics, information on REBOA placement, and post-procedure complications including AKI, amputations, and mortality were recorded. Chi-squared and T-test analyses were performed with P < .05 considered to be significant.

Results

A total of 68 patients met study inclusion criteria with 53 patients (77.9%) having an ER-REBOA. 6.7% of patients treated with pREBOA had a resulting AKI, while 40% of patients treated with ER-REBOA had a resulting AKI, and this difference was significant ( P < .05). The rates of rhabdomyolysis, amputations, and mortality were not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

The results from this case series suggest that patients treated with pREBOA have a significantly lower incidence of developing an AKI compared to ER-REBOA. There were no significant differences in rates of mortality, and amputations. Future prospective studies are needed to further characterize the indications and optimal use for pREBOA.
Diagnostics in a Surgeon’s Pocket—The History of Telepaque and Oral Cholecystograms
Authors: Lodin Daud , Lopez Anne , Lopez-Viego Miguel , Buicko Jessica
Published: February 2023

Biliary diseases such as cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and cholecystitis all rely on imaging modalities to help make diagnoses. In modern times, ultrasound, computer tomography, and nuclear medicine scans help precisely visualize biliary and hepatic anatomy and pathology. The predecessor of these imaging modalities was the cholecystogram. This involved administration of contrast media that reliably had hepatic uptake and biliary excretion without causing significant side effects followed by radiograms of the abdomen. In the 1950s, iopanoic acid, known as telepaque, was a novel oral contrast, developed and clinical trialed for the use in diagnosing biliary pathology. A small, off-white colored powder available in a pill form, telepaque was readily available, conveniently administered by physicians at the bedside and produced beautiful cholangiograms within hours of administration. This paper briefly discusses the advent, physiology, and use of this novel compound that helped surgeons for many decades.
Quantifying the Impact of Comorbidities on Length of Stay in Geriatric Fall-Related Injuries
Authors: McLaughlin Christopher J. , Waldron Olivia J. , Staszak Ryan M. , Gish Joshua S. , Armen Scott B.
Published: February 2023

Geriatric patients who fall are among the most common mechanisms of injury presenting to trauma centers. We sought to quantify the impact of various comorbidities on length of stay (LOS) in these patients to identify areas for intervention. A level 1 trauma center’s registry was queried for patients ≥65 years old with fall related injuries admitted with LOS greater than 2 days. Over 7 years, 3714 patients were included. Mean age was 80.9 ± 8.7 years. All patients fell from heights of 6 feet or less. Median total LOS was 5 days, interquartile range [3,8]. Overall mortality rate was 3.3%. The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular (57.1%), musculoskeletal (31.4%), and diabetes (20.8%). Multivariate linear regression modeling LOS identified diabetes, pulmonary, and psychiatric diseases associated with longer lengths of stay ( P < .05). As trauma centers refine care for geriatric trauma patients, comorbidity management represents an opportunity for proactive intervention.
Bringing Back the Art of Medicine to Surgery
Authors: Pellizzeri Katherine , Soltani Tandis
Published: February 2023

In a relatively short period of time, the need for incorporating primary surgical palliative care into surgical education and residency curriculum has become apparent. This provides an opportunity for growth for surgeons and surgical residents and a method to explore spirituality and wholeness of the patient. It also has the potential for increasing the sense of fulfillment that residents and surgeons alike can drive from caring for complex surgical patients. Given the significant constraints of today’s graduate medical education world, there remain challenges that must be overcome when designing curricula and incorporating surgical palliative care into practice and resident education. The Surgical Palliative Care Society brings hope for the future of this specialty and encourages multidisciplinary discussions about the practice of, education in, and research on surgical palliative care.
The Impact of Measurement Model Misspecification on Coefficient Omega Estimates of Composite Reliability
Authors: Bell Stephanie M. , Chalmers R. Philip , Flora David B.
Published: February 2023

Coefficient omega indices are model-based composite reliability estimates that have become increasingly popular. A coefficient omega index estimates how reliably an observed composite score measures a target construct as represented by a factor in a factor-analysis model; as such, the accuracy of omega estimates is likely to depend on correct model specification. The current paper presents a simulation study to investigate the performance of omega-unidimensional (based on the parameters of a one-factor model) and omega-hierarchical (based on a bifactor model) under correct and incorrect model misspecification for high and low reliability composites and different scale lengths. Our results show that coefficient omega estimates are unbiased when calculated from the parameter estimates of a properly specified model. However, omega-unidimensional produced positively biased estimates when the population model was characterized by unmodeled error correlations or multidimensionality, whereas omega-hierarchical was only slightly biased when the population model was either a one-factor model with correlated errors or a higher-order model. These biases were higher when population reliability was lower and increased with scale length. Researchers should carefully evaluate the feasibility of a one-factor model before estimating and reporting omega-unidimensional.
Investigating the Use of Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacometabolomic Markers to Predict Haloperidol Efficacy and Safety Rates
Authors: Skryabin Valentin Yurievich , Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich , Parkhomenko Aleksandra Aleksandrovna , Pankratenko Ekaterina Petrovna , Pozdnyakov Sergei Aleksandrovich , Denisenko Natalia Pavlovna , Akmalova Kristina Anatolyevna , Bryun Evgeny Alekseevich , Sychev Dmitry Alekseevich
Published: February 2023

Background: Haloperidol is commonly prescribed to patients with alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD). Notably however, individuals differ extensively with regards to therapeutic response and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Previous studies have shown that haloperidol biotransformation is mainly metabolized by CYP2D6. Objective: The objective of our study was to investigate the use of pharmacogenetic (CYP2D6*4 genetic polymorphism) and pharmacometabolomic biomarkers to predict haloperidol efficacy and safety rates. Material and Methods: The study enrolled 150 patients with AIPD. Therapy included haloperidol in a daily dose of 5 to 10 mg/day by injections for 5 days. Efficacy and safety of treatment were evaluated using the validated psychometric scales PANSS, UKU, and SAS. Results: No association of the urinary 6-НО-ТНВС/pinoline ratio values which could be evidence of the CYP2D6 activity level with both the efficacy and safety rates of haloperidol was demonstrated. However, a statistically significant association between haloperidol safety profile and CYP2D6*4 genetic polymorphism was demonstrated ( P < .001). Conclusion: To predict haloperidol efficacy and safety rates, utilization of pharmacogenetic testing that defines CYP2D6*4 genetic polymorphism is found preferable over the use of the pharmacometabolomic marker in a clinical setting.
Choosing tactics: Horizontal inequalities and the risk of violent and nonviolent conflict
Authors: Hillesund Solveig
Published: February 2023

Do disadvantaged ethnic groups favor violent over nonviolent conflict tactics? To understand when and why civil war breaks out, we need to study violent and nonviolent forms of conflict together, using analytical tools that can account for the choice between them. Yet, most large-N analyses of the causes of civil war do not account for nonviolent conflict, and vice versa. Because the mechanisms held to link horizontal inequalities to civil war closely resemble those used to explain largely nonviolent social movements, this article studies group disadvantages, political violence and nonviolent resistance together. To reduce concerns about selection bias in horizontal inequality research, it extends the analysis to socially as well as politically relevant groups around the world. A consensus is emerging that politically disadvantaged ethnic groups shun nonviolent tactics, because they lack ties to people close to the regime and its institutions. This article challenges the consensus, by showing that political group disadvantages predict nonviolent as well as violent forms of conflict. Groups’ economic status helps explain tactical choices. Among economically advantaged groups, political disadvantages increase the risk of nonviolent conflict. Among the economically disadvantaged, they facilitate violence. This pattern is strongest in situations where no policies are in place to remedy group disadvantages, in authoritarian and less economically open societies, and in analyses that account for conflicts of low intensity, to capture onsets early. The results point to the importance of economic and other forms of leverage, which have been largely overlooked in the econometric literature.
Motherhood in the Music Academy
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kate , Sweet Bridget
Published: February 2023

This study explored the perceptions of music professors as to their experiences navigating both the academy and motherhood. We utilized a multiple critical case study approach to understand the experiences of six participants, two of each representing early-career (assistant professors), midcareer (associate professors), and late-career (full professors) female-identifying music faculty with children. Analysis of the data revealed three themes. The first, living within two worlds, represented participants’ lived experiences of parenthood and their careers as faculty within the music academy, highlighting participants’ use of “drastic measures to make it all work.” The second theme, motherhood and gender equity, represented the participants’ experiences of motherhood as a gendered phenomenon, including navigating microaggressions and discrimination in the workplace. The final theme, navigating the academic world: structures and people, represented participants’ experiences related to tenure and promotion, the lack of support they frequently perceived from academic colleagues, and the financial ramifications of their dual positionality. Recommendations for further research and suggestions for practice are discussed.
Reinterpreting Authoritarian Populisms: The Elitist Plebeian Vision of State
Authors: Paget Dan
Published: February 2023

Authoritarian populists offer a vision of state. This ideologically fixed imaginary provides an electoral-authoritarian template for how to shape states once in power. Yet not all those called populists are populist. Some are elitist plebeians. They construct themselves as ‘the moral elite’ above which fights for ‘the people’ below against ‘the corrupt’. I argue that elitist plebeianism contains a distinct vision of government as elected guardianship. Like populists, elitist plebeians advocate extending executive power. Yet they envisage this not as the realization of the people’s will, but as the projection of accountability downwards. To them, divisions of power are acceptable as divisions of guardian labour. Rival opinions are not illegitimate, just irrelevant, but opposition is intolerable. Therefore, studies of populist authoritarianism should be revisited. Elitist plebeian visions of state may have been misread as authoritarian populist ones. I examine President Magufuli (Tanzania) as an exemplar and identify other potential elitist plebeians worldwide.
New Paths for Parental Warmth and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediator Roles of Automatic Negative Thoughts
Authors: Özbiler Şerife , Taner Meryem , Francis Melanie
Published: February 2023

A growing number of studies have pointed out that parental acceptance-rejection, which is the degree of warmth in parenting, is an important factor that influences not only children’s but also adults’ subjective well-being. However, few studies have analyzed subjective well-being in adulthood based on the emergence of cognitive automatic thinking processes that are triggered by the level of parental warmth. Specifically, the mediator role of negative automatic thoughts in the relationship between parental warmth and subjective well-being is still under debate. This present study extended the parental acceptance and rejection theory by integrating automatic negative thoughts into the core concept of cognitive behavioral theory. The present study attempts to examine the mediator role of negative automatic thoughts in the relationship between retrospective reports of emerging adults’ parental warmth and their subjective well-being. The participants consist of 680 of 49.4% women and 50.6% men Turkish-speaking emerging adults. The Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire Short-Form was used to measure parental warmth for their past experience, the negative automatic thoughts measured by the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and life satisfaction, negative and positive emotions of participants were measured by the Subjective Well-being Scale for their present level. Mediation analysis through the bootstrap sampling method via indirect custom dialog was used to examine data. The models supported the hypotheses, the retrospective reports of parental warmth in childhood predict the subjective well-being of emerging adults. The automatic negative thoughts had competitive mediation on this relationship. The perceived parental warmth in childhood decreases automatic negative thoughts, then turns to affect greater subjective well-being in adulthood. The current study results contribute to the counselling practice by suggesting that decreasing negative automatic thoughts could benefit the subjective well-being of emerging adults. Further, parental warmth interventions and family counselling have the potential to enhance these benefits.
The Impact of Organizational Factors and Professional Identity on Turn Over Intent in State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies
Authors: Landon T. J. , Phillips B. N. , McKnight M. , Sabella S. A. , Kline K. M.
Published: February 2023

Turnover of staff is an ongoing concern in the state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) system. To better understand employee turnover intent, a multiple regression analysis was conducted using professional identity and organizational factors (e.g., pay, work tenure) as predictor variables. An internet-based survey solicited counselor perceptions regarding professional identity, turnover intent, and job satisfaction. Respondents ( n = 351) described their level of satisfaction relevant to several workplace conditions (co-workers, job in general, work assignments, pay, promotion, and supervision), and their current level of professional identity. The outcome variable representing current or future turnover intent was whether participants were actively looking for a new position or planning to look for a new position in the next 5 years. Results indicated that a little over one third of current counselors would look for a new position in the coming year, with half of current counselors seeking a new position within 5 years. Findings suggest that turnover in state-federal VR settings exceeds the national average of 19%. Purposeful pre-hire considerations, goodness of fit, motivation factors (i.e., opportunities for promotion), and hygiene factors (i.e., caseload size, supervision, and pay) identified in this study should be elements of a state-federal VR agency’s plan to mitigate turnover intent.
Racial Bias in Fans and Officials: Evidence from the Italian Serie A
Authors: Magistro Beatrice , Wack Morgan
Published: February 2023

Recent scholarship studying the impact of race-based prejudice has emphasized its rampant persistence throughout all aspects of modern society, including the world of sports. Prior research from American leagues has shown that even referees, trained officials intended to enact neutral judgements, are subject to bias against Black and dark-skinned players. To extend these studies and inform policies aimed at combating racial bias in public spaces more broadly, we report results from a unique dataset of over 6500 player-year observations from the Italian Serie A to examine whether these biases persist in European football. Our results show that darker-skinned players receive more foul calls and more cards than lighter-skinned players, controlling for a range of potential confounders and productivity-relevant mediators. By exploiting an absence of fans induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, we also present preliminary evidence that fans may play a key role in inducing poor calls against darker-skinned players.
How to Respond to Misinformation From the Anti-Vaccine Movement
Authors: Westhoff Mike-Andrew , Posovszky Carsten , Debatin Klaus-Michael
Published: February 2023

Vaccines are doubtlessly one of the most crucial life-saving medical interventions to date. However, perplexingly, they court more public controversy than their objectively excellent safety profile warrants. While doubts about the safety of vaccines, as well as opposition to vaccine policies, can be traced back at least to the mid-19th century, the modern anti-vaccine movement has come in 3 distinct waves, or generations, each precipitating around distinct key events. Here, we describe the first 2 generations and trace the origins of an emerging third generation anti-vaccine movement. Currently, this third generation is an integral part of the larger anti-COVID movement and in this more libertarian environment propagates the idea of individualism superseding the responsibility for community health. We highlight the need for a better science education of the young, as well as the general public to further enhance overall science literacy and suggests strategies to achieve these goals.
Left Government Strategies toward Business Groups and the Outcomes: The Mexican and Venezuelan Cases
Authors: Ellner Steve
Published: February 2023

The progressive governments of Andrés Manuel López Obrador in Mexico and Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela followed a strategy of selective treatment to win over some businesspeople and neutralize others in order to weaken the opposition of a hostile business class. This approach had advantages and downsides. It succeeded in gaining support from business representatives for government initiatives in moments of difficulty and crisis and reducing the firepower of the commercial media. It was also, however, conducive to corruption. Many nonhostile businesspeople proved to be unreliable allies as they ended up withdrawing their support for the government. These capitalists were a far cry from the progressive “national bourgeoisie” with which Communists and other leftists attempted to form alliances in the twentieth century, but proestablishment actors attacked many of them, including such leading capitalists as Gustavo Cisneros in Venezuela and Ricardo Salinas in Mexico, who in some cases were considered “traitors.” In Mexico, major businesspeople before and after the left’s rise to power played a more overtly political role than, for the most part, in Venezuela. Chávez attempted to define the behavior of progressive businesspeople, which included limits on profits, and also promoted the formation of politically progressive business organizations.

Los gobiernos progresistas de Andrés Manuel López Obrador en México, y Hugo Chávez y Nicolás Maduro en Venezuela, siguieron una estrategia de trato selectivo para ganarse la confianza de algunos empresarios y neutralizar a otros con el fin de debilitar la oposición de parte de una clase empresarial hostil. Este enfoque implicó tanto ventajas como desventajas. Logró obtener el apoyo de los representantes empresariales para iniciativas gubernamentales en momentos de dificultad y crisis, así como reducir el impacto negativo de los medios de comunicación comerciales. Sin embargo, también dio lugar a la corrupción. Muchos empresarios no hostiles resultaron ser aliados poco confiables y, eventualmente, retiraron su apoyo al gobierno. Estos capitalistas estaban muy lejos de constituir la “burguesía nacional” progresista con la que los comunistas y otros izquierdistas intentaron formar alianzas en el siglo XX. Sin embargo, actores a favor del status quo atacaron a muchos de ellos, incluidos capitalistas prominentes como Gustavo Cisneros en Venezuela y Ricardo Salinas en México, quienes, en algunos casos, fueron vistos como “traidores”. En México, los principales empresarios antes y después del ascenso de la izquierda al poder desempeñaron un papel más abiertamente político de lo que ocurrió, mayoritariamente, en Venezuela. Chávez intentó definir el comportamiento de los empresarios progresistas, lo cual incluyó poner un límite a sus ganancias, y también promovió la formación de organizaciones empresariales políticamente progresistas.
Rethinking affective publics as media rituals through temporality, performativity and liminality
Authors: Ural Haktan
Published: February 2023

This article calls for a rethinking of the formation of affective publics as a ritual process. Given the particularities of networked media, I suggest that media rituals extend into the formation of affective publics celebrating imagined collectivities in a fashion of collaborative storytelling. This is a transitional process in which a collectivity is validated, affirmed and reinforced through ritual actions. To illustrate this dynamic, I suggest drawing upon three key concepts (namely temporality, performativity and liminality), which are derivatives of media rituals theory, but also shed light on the dynamics of affective publics. To specify, first, ritual temporality refers to ambient concentrations that create a breach in the ordinary flow of media texts. Second, performativity implicates the affect-driven rhythms of digital storytelling feeding algorithmic curations that form an embodied harmony between participants and a sense of collectivity. Third, liminality entails ambiguous situations that enable the formation of affective publics by means of voluntary commitment, anonymity and the uniformity of participants. These concepts are the key entry points in capturing the ritual aspects of affective publics. Viewed through this lens, scrutiny for the ritual dynamics of networked publics helps us to grasp the affective formations of networked media.
Adolescent personality development as a longitudinal marker for burnout and happiness in emerging adulthood
Authors: Arslan İldeniz B. , Lucassen Nicole , de Haan Amaranta D. , Jongerling Joran , Bakker Arnold B. , Prinzie Peter
Published: February 2023

This study examined whether individual differences in personality (development) from adolescence to emerging adulthood were associated with burnout and happiness in emerging adulthood. At Time 1 (2009; Mage = 15.7 years), Time 2 (2012), and Time 3 (2015), Belgian participants ( N = 329; 43.1% boys) reported on the personality dimensions of extraversion, agreeableness/benevolence, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness/imagination. Burnout (exhaustion, disengagement) and happiness (life satisfaction, overall affect) were measured through self-reports at Time 4 (2018). For each personality dimension, except benevolence, higher levels were associated with fewer burnout symptoms. Initial levels of all personality dimensions were related to more happiness. Shallower decreases in extraversion, emotional stability, and stronger increases in imagination were related to fewer burnout symptoms and more happiness. Results indicate the importance of studying personality development as a determinant of later well-being, above and beyond effects of initial levels. Findings offer new insights into the field of personality, occupational, and positive psychology.