bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONEXÕES POLÍTICAS NAS MAIORES COMPANHIAS LISTADAS NA BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Pinheiro Bruno Goes , De Luca Márcia Martins Mendes , Vasconcelos Alessandra Carvalho de
Published: November 2016

RESUMO As conexões políticas podem ser caracterizadas como relações entre empresas e políticos, em que as empresas procuram obter vantagens e os políticos geralmente buscam financiamento de campanha. Nesse contexto, o estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar a relação entre as conexões políticas das maiores empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa e seus respectivos desempenhos. Para tanto, foram analisados os dados de 132 companhias, utilizando-se estatística descritiva, teste de diferença entre médias, Análise de Correspondência (Anacor) e Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM). A conexão política de cada empresa foi representada pelo valor de sua doação para campanhas eleitorais de 2014, sendo o desempenho medido pelo Retorno sobre o Patrimônio Líquido (ROE). Os resultados indicam que a maior parte dos recursos doados para a campanha eleitoral de 2014 foi destinada à disputa pela Presidência da República e o Partido dos Trabalhadores foi a agremiação política que mais recebeu doações de campanha das empresas. A empresa JBS doou mais de 65% do total das contribuições efetuadas pelas empresas da amostra. O Ceará foi o estado que mais recebeu doações de empresas para as eleições de 2014. Amapá, Amazonas e Roraima foram os únicos estados em que os candidatos não receberam recursos para financiamento de campanhas eleitorais das empresas investigadas. A partir dos testes realizados, verificou-se não haver diferença de desempenho na comparação das empresas com conexões políticas com aquelas sem qualquer conexão política. Constatou-se uma associação entre altas conexões políticas e expressivo tamanho das empresas.
Stages of hyperglycemia and common mental disorders in adults - The Brazilian Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Bessel Marina , Vigo Álvaro , Poyastro Andréa , Nunes Maria Angélica , Duncan Bruce Bartholow , Schmidt Maria Inês
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus and depressive disorders frequently coexist. However, this relationship has been little evaluated across stages of hyperglycemia and for a broad range of common mental disorders (CMDs). The objective here was to investigate the association between CMDs and stages of glycemia. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted among civil servants aged 35-74 years participating in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. METHODS: CMDs were classified using the Clinical Interview Schedule - Revised (CIS-R). Glycemia was classified in stages as normal, intermediate hyperglycemia, newly classified diabetes or previously known diabetes, based on oral glucose tolerance testing, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), self-reported diabetes and medication use. Blood glucose control was assessed according to HbA1c. RESULTS: CMDs were most prevalent in individuals with previously known diabetes. After adjustments, associations weakened considerably and remained significant only for those with a CIS-R score ≥ 12 (prevalence ratio, PR: 1.15; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.03-1.29). Intermediate hyperglycemia did not show any association with CMDs. For individuals with previously known diabetes and newly classified diabetes, for every 1% increase in HbA1c, the prevalence of depressive disorders became, respectively, 12% and 23% greater (PR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.00-1.26; and PR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-1.44). CONCLUSION: Individuals with previously known diabetes had higher CIS-R scores. Among all individuals with diabetes, worse blood glucose control was correlated with depressive disorder. No relationship between intermediate hyperglycemia and CMDs was observed, thus suggesting that causal processes relating to CMDs, if present, must act more proximally to diabetes onset.
Marginal microleakage in Bulk Fill resins
Authors: NASCIMENTO Armiliana Soares , LIMA Eliane Alves de , DURÃO Márcia de Almeida , SOUSA Yasmine de Carvalho , CORREIA Tereza Cristina , BRAZ Rodivan
Published: November 2016

Abstract Introduction Despite advances and innovations in restorative dentistry, microleakage remains one of the main problems in this area. Objective To evaluate in vitro marginal microleakage of Bulk Fill resins in class II cavities, with cervical termination in the dentin. Material and method Cavities, standardized on the mesial and distal surfaces, were prepared in forty top molars and randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10), according to the resin used. G1 (control): Filtek Z350 (3M/ESPE); G2: Filtek Bulk Fill flow (3M/ESPE); G3: Surefill SDR (Dentsply); G4: X-tra (Voco). These were further subdivided into subgroups according to the strategy used to apply the adhesive (self-etch technique and conventional). After storage for 24 hours in an oven (37 °C), the samples were submitted to the thermocycling test (500 cycles: 5 °C/55 °C). They were later waterproofed, immersed in Basic Fuchsin (0.5%) and sectioned in the mesial-distal direction for evaluation using a stereo magnifying glass at 40X (Coleman) Scores from 0 to 3 were assigned according to the microinfiltration observed. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with a significance level of 5%, were used for statistical analysis. Result There was no statistically significant difference between the Bulk Fill resins when the total acid-etching technique was used. Only the Filtek Bulk fill flow resin presented statistically significant results when the application of the adhesive system strategy was considered, with worse results, in relation to other groups, when it the self-etching strategy was considered. Conclusion The degree of leakage of the bulk fill resins studied, in class II cavities, was not influenced by the method of application of the adhesive system (conventional or two-step self-etching bonding agent), except for the Filtek Bulk fill flow.
Plataforma Moodle na construção do conhecimento em Terapia Intensiva: estudo experimental
Authors: Domenico Edvane Birelo Lopes De , Cohrs Cibelli Rizzo
Published: November 2016

Resumo Objetivo Comparar o aprimoramento de conhecimentos e habilidades dos graduandos que participaram das atividades propostas no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem, Moodle, no período de prática hospitalar em unidade de terapia intensiva, com os que não participaram; compreender a percepção dos estudantes em relação ao uso do Moodle associado ao ensino da prática hospitalar para a construção do conhecimento. Métodos Estudo desenvolvido em duas etapas: experimental e descritivo, com graduandos de Enfermagem, de uma instituição de ensino superior da capital de São Paulo. Grupo Experimento constituído pelo Moodle e prática hospitalar, comparado com estratégia tradicional, Grupo Controle. O desfecho no estudo experimental foi avaliado por instrumento validado. No estudo descritivo, qualitativo, utilizou-se análise de conteúdo. Resultados Com Média de idade 23 anos e fluência digital o Grupo Experimento, pré-intervenção, apresentou média de acertos de 9,1 e o controle de 9,4. Ao final, Grupo Experimento apresentou 11,5 de acertos e controle 10,2. Dados qualitativos reforçaram as vantagens da associação do uso do Moodle no desempenho da pratica assistencial. Conclusão Houve melhoria no resultado do aprendizado no grupo que utilizou o Moodle. Participantes do Grupo Experimento relataram maior segurança e confiança para a assistência.
Excesso ponderal e marcadores de vulnerabilidade sociodemográfica em adultos jovens escolares
Authors: Florêncio Raquel Sampaio , Santiago Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Freitas Teresa Cristina de
Published: November 2016

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o excesso ponderal (EP) em adultos jovens escolares a partir dos marcadores sociodemográficos da dimensão individual da vulnerabilidade. Métodos Estudo analítico, realizado com 560 adultos jovens de 26 escolas de um município nordestino brasileiro. O questionário aplicado para coleta de dados continha a variável EP e as sociodemográficas, analisadas por medidas descritivas, de associação e regressão logística pelo método enter para ajuste do modelo. Resultados Houve maior proporção de excesso ponderal nos jovens de 23 a 24 anos de idade, mulheres, de cor/raça diferente da branca, com religião, com companheiros, com filhos, sem ocupação, com renda individual e familiar maior que dois salários mínimos. O excesso ponderal apresentou associação com situação conjugal e filhos, que permaneceram no modelo final. Conclusão Ter companheiro e filhos torna o adulto jovem vulnerável ao EP. No entanto, ratifica-se que o agravo em questão é multideterminado e deve ser compreendido num contexto ampliado.
Vídeo educativo: estratégia de treinamento para cuidadores de crianças com fissura labiopalatina
Authors: Razera Ana Paula Ribeiro , Trettene Armando dos Santos , Mondini Cleide Carolina da Silva Demoro , Cintra Flavia Maria Ravagnani Neves , Tabaquim Maria de Lourdes Merighi
Published: November 2016

Resumo Objetivo Verificar o conhecimento adquirido por cuidadores informais de crianças com fissura labiopalatina sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios de queiloplastia e palatoplastia por meio da utilização de um vídeo educativo. Métodos Ensaio clínico randomizado, realizado com 80 cuidadores de crianças com fissura labiopalatina, dispostos em dois grupos: experimental (G1) e controle (G2). A coleta de dados ocorreu durante o período de hospitalização da criança, em três etapas, utilizando um questionário estruturado e um vídeo educativo construído e validado para o presente estudo. Resultados Foi evidenciada melhora na aquisição de conhecimento sobre os cuidados pós-operatórios em ambos os grupos (p<0,001), porém, foi maior o G1 em comparação a G2. Conclusão O vídeo educativo mostrou-se eficaz no treinamento de cuidadores de crianças com fissura labiopalatina em situação pós-operatória de queiloplastia e palatoplastia.
A história desvelada no Juquery: assistência psiquiátrica intramuros na ditadura cívico-militar
Authors: Sakaguchi Douglas Sherer , Marcolan João Fernando
Published: November 2016

Resumo Objetivo Desvelar a história não oficial da assistência psiquiátrica na época da ditadura cívico-militar. Métodos Estudo exploratório-descritivo-investigativo, qualitativo, por meio da análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com ex-funcionários do Hospício do Juquery. Duas entrevistas foram registradas e as demais gravadas e transcritas. Resultados Processos que envolviam o cuidar estavam acompanhados do uso da violência, incentivadas pela dinâmica da Instituição. Assim como a política vigente, a assistência psiquiátrica desvelada aponta para normas rígidas, autoritárias e da aniquilação das formas de subjetividade, verdadeiro processo de reificação dos indivíduos. Notou-se forte relação entre a violência praticada e a terapêutica que envolvia o saber/poder científico. Conclusão O Estado deve ser responsabilizado por ter propagado repressão desenfreada por meio de seus aparelhos ideológicos e repressivos, como o Hospício. Analisar os fatos reais ocultados pela história oficial favorece a compreensão na tentativa de se evitar a repetição das práticas violentas e desumanização apresentadas.
Effect of vertical placement angle on the insertion torque of mini-implants in human alveolar bone
Authors: Maya Rafael Ribeiro ,   Universidade Ceuma,  Brazil, Pinzan-Vercelino Célia Regina Maio , Gurgel Julio de Araujo ,   Universidade Ceuma,  Brazil
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present ex-vivo study was to evaluate the effect of the vertical placement angle of mini-implants on primary stability by analyzing maximum insertion torque (MIT). Methods: Mini-implants were placed in 30 human cadavers, inserted at either a 90° or 60° angle to the buccal surface of the maxillary first molar. Out of 60 self-drilling mini-implants used, half were of the cylindrical type and half were of the conical type. Primary stability was assessed by means of measuring the MIT. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Newman-Keuls tests. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The MIT was higher for both mini-implant types when they were placed at a 90° angle (17.27 and 14.40 Ncm) compared with those placed at a 60° angle (14.13 and 11.40 Ncm). Conclusions: MIT values were differed according to the vertical mini-implant placement angle in the maxillary posterior area. Regardless of the type of mini-implant used, placement at a 90° angle resulted in a higher MIT.
Esthetic perception of orthodontic appliances by Brazilian children and adolescents
Authors: Kuhlman Deise Caldas ,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil, Lima Tatiana Araújo de , Duplat Candice Belchior , Capelli Junior Jonas ,   Universidade Veiga de Almeida,  Brazil,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil,   Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this present study was to understand how children and adolescents perceive esthetic attractiveness of a variety of orthodontic appliances. It also analyzed preferences according to patients' age, sex and socioeconomic status. Methods: A photograph album consisting of eight photographs of different orthodontic appliances and clear tray aligners placed in a consenting adult with pleasing smile was used. A sample of children or adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years old (n = 276) was asked to rate each image for its attractiveness on a visual analog scale. Comparisons between the appliances attractiveness were performed by means of nonparametric statistics with Friedman's test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison post-hoc test. Correlation between appliances and individuals' socioeconomic status, age, sex, and esthetic perception was assessed by means of Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: Attractiveness ratings of orthodontic appliances varied nonsignificantly for children in the following hierarchy: traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures > traditional metallic brackets with gray elastomeric ligatures > sapphire esthetic brackets; and for adolescents, as follows: sapphire esthetic brackets > clear aligner without attachments > traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures. The correlation between individuals' socioeconomic status and esthetic perception of a given appliance was negative and statistically significant for appliances such as the golden orthodontic brackets and traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures. Conclusion: Metal appliances were considered very attractive, whereas aligners were classified as less attractive by children and adolescents. The correlation between esthetic perception and socioeconomic status revealed that individuals with a higher socioeconomic level judged esthetics as the most attractive attribute. For those with higher economic status, golden orthodontic brackets and traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures were assessed as the worst esthetic option.
Reliability of overbite depth indicator (ODI) and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) in the assessment of different vertical and sagittal dental malocclusions: a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis
Authors: Fatima Farheen ,   The Aga Khan University Hospital,  Pakistan, Fida Mubassar , Shaikh Attiya ,   The Aga Khan University Hospital,  Pakistan,   The Aga Khan University Hospital,  Pakistan
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Introduction: Differential diagnosis of skeletal and dental relationships is crucial for planning orthodontic treatment. Overbite depth indicator (ODI) and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) had been introduced in the past for assessment of vertical and sagittal jaw relationships, respectively. Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of ODI and APDI in overbite and Angle malocclusions, as well as assess their diagnostic reliability among males and females of different age groups. Material and Methods: This study was conducted using pretreatment dental casts and lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects. For ODI, subjects were divided into three groups based on overbite (normal overbite, open bite and deep bite). Likewise, the same subjects were divided for APDI into three groups, based on Angle's malocclusion classification (dental Class I, II and III malocclusions). Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparison of study parameters regarding sex and different age groups. The mean values of ODI and APDI were compared among study groups by means of Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunnet T3 tests. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to test diagnostic reliability. Results: Insignificant differences were found for ODI and APDI angles, particularly in regards to sex and age. Significant intergroup differences were found in different overbite groups and Angle's classification for ODI and APDI, respectively (p < 0.001). ROC showed 91% and 88% constancy with dental pattern in ODI and APDI, respectively. Conclusions: ODI can reliably differentiate deep bite versus normal overbite and deep bite versus open bite. APDI can reliably differentiate dental Class I, II and III malocclusions.
Maxillary dentoalveolar assessment following retraction of maxillary incisors: a preliminary study
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Maia Fernandes ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil, Claudino Lígia Vieira , Mattos Cláudia Trindade , Sant'Anna Eduardo Franzotti ,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil,   Universidade Federal Fluminense,  Brazil,   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,  Brazil
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this preliminary study was to assess changes in tooth length and alveolar thickness following retraction of maxillary incisors. Methods: A total of 11 patients presenting severe maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion revealed by initial (T1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and whose treatment plan included extraction of maxillary first premolars and retraction of maxillary incisors, were selected and submitted to CBCT examination one month after the end of incisors retraction (T2). The premaxilla was assessed through seven axial slices by means of Dolphin ImagingTM software. In each of these slices, five measurements of the distance from the buccal cortical bone to the palatal cortical bone were performed. Tooth length of maxillary incisors (n = 44) was also measured in sagittal slices. Measurements were repeated after a two-week interval, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test examiner calibration. Wilcoxon test was used to detect differences in measurements performed at the two time intervals. Results: The ICC was satisfactory for tooth length (0.890) and for premaxilla alveolar thickness measurements (0.980). Analysis of data showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in tooth length or alveolar thickness between the two-time intervals assessed. Conclusion: The force used in retraction of maxillary incisors in this research did not promote significant changes in tooth length of maxillary incisors or in premaxilla alveolar thickness.
Air-powder polishing on self-ligating brackets after clinical use: effects on debris levels
Authors: Aragón Mônica L. S. Castro ,   Universidade Federal do Pará,  Brazil, Lima Leandro Santiago , Normando David ,   ,  Brazil,   Universidade Federal do Pará,  Brazil
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Introduction: Debris buildup on brackets and arch surfaces is one of the main factors that can influence the intensity of friction between bracket and orthodontic wire. Objective: This study sought to evaluate the effect of air-powder polishing cleaning on debris levels of self-ligating ceramic brackets at the end of orthodontic treatment, compared to the behavior of conventional brackets. Methods: Debris levels were evaluated in metal conventional orthodontic brackets (n = 42) and ceramic self-ligating brackets (n = 42) on canines and premolars, arranged in pairs. There were brackets with and without air-powder polishing. At the end of orthodontic treatment, a hemiarch served as control and the contralateral hemiarch underwent prophylaxis with air-powder polishing. Debris buildup in bracket slots was assessed through images, and Wilcoxon test was used to analyze the results. Results: The median debris levels were statistically lower in the conventional metal brackets compared to self-ligating ones (p = 0.02), regarding brackets not submitted to air-powder polishing. Polishing significantly reduced debris buildup to zero in both systems, without differences between groups. Conclusions: Ceramic self-ligating brackets have a higher debris buildup in comparison to conventional metal brackets in vivo, but prophylaxis with sodium bicarbonate jet was effective in reducing debris levels in self-ligating and also in conventional brackets.
Iatrogenics in Orthodontics and its challenges
Authors: Barreto Gustavo Mattos ,   Universidade de São Paulo,  Brazil, Feitosa Henrique Oliveira ,   Universidade Cidade de São Paulo,  Brazil
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT Introduction: Orthodontics has gone through remarkable advances for those who practice it with dignity and clinical quality, such as the unprecedented number of patients treated of some type of iatrogenic problems (post-treatment root resorptions; occlusal plane changes; midline discrepancies, asymmetries, etc). Several questions may raise useful reflections about the constant increase of iatrogenics. What is causing it? Does it occur when dentists are properly trained? In legal terms, how can dentists accept these patients? How should they be orthodontically treated? What are the most common problems? Objective: This study analyzed and discussed relevant aspects to understand patients with iatrogenic problems and describe a simple and efficient approach to treat complex cases associated with orthodontic iatrogenics.
Reusing leached fly ash as a cement replacement
Authors: Torralvo Fátima Arroyo , Fernandez-Pereira Constantino , Fernandez Carlos Leiva , Galiano Yolanda Luna , Arenas Celia García , Arenas Luis Francisco Vilches , Sánchez Rosario Villegas
Published: November 2016

Industrial wastes such as fly ash often have a relatively high content of valuable metals. Many waste valorisation processes are based on hydrometallurgical methods, including leaching to dissolve and recover the desired elements, but this can change the waste’s properties. If the residual waste cannot be reused after valorisation, its management and environmental costs could make the process unprofitable or unacceptable from an environmental point of view. This paper explores the possibility of reusing germanium-rich fly ash as a cement replacement in the construction industry after hydrometallurgical valorisation to recover germanium. Several properties of the fly ash were compared before and after leaching, including chemical composition, density and particle size. Different fly ash–cement mixtures were then prepared, and the pozzolanicity, volume stability/expansion and setting time of the mixtures were compared. Next, the mechanical properties of mortars made from the mixtures were determined. The mortars containing processed fly ash were not significantly different from the control mortar, proving that the reuse of valorised fly ash in the construction industry is viable.
Hardware Design of the Discrete Wavelet Transform: an Analysis of Complexity, Accuracy and Operating Frequency
Authors: Ballesteros Dora Maria , Renza Diego , Pedraza Luis Fernando
Published: November 2016

El propósito de este documento es presentar un análisis comparativo de esquemas hardware de la Transformada Wavelet Discreta, DWT, en términos de tres objetivos de diseño: precisión, complejidad y frecuencia de operación. Cada diseño debe considerar los siguientes aspectos: método (no polifásico, polifásico y lifting), topología (basados en multiplicadores y sin multiplicadores), estructura (convencional o pipeline) y formato de cuantización (punto flotante, punto fijo, CSD o entero). Dado que la DWT es ampliamente utilizada en diversas aplicaciones (por ejemplo en compresión, filtrado, codificación, reconocimiento de patrones, entre otras), la selección adecuada de parámetros de diseño desempeña un papel importante en el diseño de estos sistemas.
A Critical Evaluation of the Concept and Writing of Learning Outcomes
Authors: Lee Dong Yub , Yang Eunbae B.
Published: November 2016

Recent changes in educational paradigms that emphasize the performance or outcomes of education are redefining how learning objectives are being described as ‘learning outcomes’ in various academic disciplines. Medical education is not an exception to this trend. However, it has come to our attention that the key concepts and appropriate descriptions of learning outcomes have not been well understood among educators and that this lack of understanding has hindered our efforts to implement the practice in the field. This study aims to provide a direction to establish and describe learning outcomes by examining previous studies that have focused on setting learning objectives as well as learning outcomes. Setting and describing learning outcomes starts from reflection on the approach of behavioral learning objectives, which overemphasizes learner’s acquired knowledge, skills, and attitude in each classroom rather than actual performance. On the other hand, the learning outcome approach focuses on what the learner is able to do as a result of a learning experience. This approach is more learner-friendly and encourages students to lead and be responsible for their learning process. Learning outcomes can best be described when the relevance of actual contexts and the hierarchy of learning objectives are considered. In addition, they should be in the form of context, task, performance, and level, as well as be planned with proper assessment and feedback procedures. When these conditions are met, the learning outcome approach is beneficial to students as it presents a curriculum that is more open to learners. Despite these advantages of the learning outcome approach, there is a possible concern that setting the learning outcomes and describing them can restrict evaluation to lower cognitive skills if the concept of learning outcome is narrowly interpreted or is set too low. To avoid such narrow applications, it is important for educators to understand the comprehensiveness of the learning outcome setting and to consider long-term outcomes embedded in an organizational vision rather than only short-term behavioral outcomes.
Investigating the Requirements of Good Teaching from Medical Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Choi Son-Hwan , Ahn Hyo-Jin
Published: November 2016

Medical school students learn a lot about medical knowledge and clinical experience in the classroom. Teaching is a main focus in medical schools; therefore, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of good teaching. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of high-quality education in medical schools. In this study, in-depth interviews were conducted over two weeks on twelve fourth-year medical students. Participants were asked to define high-quality education, list the general ways in which high-quality classes are delivered, mention cases where they have experienced high-quality teaching, and describe the attitude required of students to make high-quality education possible. The results showed that students want to be taught in an interactive way on the core content needed in an actual clinical setting for the goal of cultivating primary care physicians. They want their education to include not only medical knowledge, but also liberal art subjects such as politics, economics, sociology, culture and ethics education to help instill a sound value system. In particular, students stressed the importance of instructors delivering appropriate post-evaluation feedback, and they also emphasized that learner mindset and attitude is important in supporting high-quality teaching in class. This paper also summarizes the elements of high-quality teaching in terms of educational goals, content, and method, and examines cases of instructors who have delivered high-quality classes.
Analysis of Reflective Essays on the Learning Community Experiences of Medical Students
Authors: Yune So Jung , Park Kwi Hwa
Published: November 2016

This study analyzed participation experiences in a voluntarily learning community using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Sixty freshmen and sophomore medical school students in 10 learning communities participated in the study. At the time of the survey, learning communities had been operating for 10 weeks and had weekly in-person meetings. Satisfaction questionnaires and reflective essays were given and analyzed. The results showed that learning community experiences were effective in promoting students learning motivation, cooperative learning, responsibility, and communication skills. Three essential topics and nine subjects were analyzed in the reflective essays. Three essential topics were conflict with each other due to the difference, forming deep relationships, and sharing and learning together with an in-depth study. The results of this study will contribute to collaborative learning culture and the development of learning communities in medical schools.
Assessing 5S ribosomal RNA heterogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana using short RNA next generation sequencing data
Authors: Szymanski Maciej , Karlowski Wojciech M
Published: November 2016

Ribosomal 5S rRNAs in eukaryotes are products of multigene families organized within clusters of repeating units. Accumulation of genomic data from a variety of organisms demonstrated that the potential 5S rRNA coding sequences show a large number of variants, often incompatible with folding into correct secondary structure. Here we present results of an analysis of the large set of short RNA sequences generated by next generation sequencing techniques to address the problem of heterogeneity of the 5S rRNA transcripts in Arabidopsis and identification of potentially functional rRNA-derived fragments.
MicroRNA biogenesis: Epigenetic modifications as another layer of complexity to the microRNA expression regulation
Authors: Bhat Susheel Sagar , Jarmolowski Artur , Szweykowska-Kulinska Zofia
Published: November 2016

Since their discovery, microRNAs have led to a huge shift in our understanding of the regulation of key biological processes. The discovery of epigenetic modifications that affect microRNA expression has added another layer of complexity to the already tightly controlled regulatory machinery. The presence of N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) mark and its critical importance in miRNA biogenesis in animals adds to our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms.
DINAMIKA SAREKAT ISLAM DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Abdussami Humaidy
Published: November 2016

Sarekat Islam (SI) merupakan organisasi Islam Indonesia pertama yang pada awalnya berkembang pesat dan sangat cepat, bahkan sekaligus terkesan sangat missal dan kolosal. Namun anehnya kemajuan itu tak bertahan lama, secara cepat juga kemudian mengalami kemerosotan bahkan kemunduran yang sangat panjang, tak tau entah kapan bisa bangkit kembali meraih masa kejayaannya dahulu. Rupanya pada waktu berdirinya SI, pada satu sisi tepat momentumnya, pada sisi yang lain tokoh pimpinannya yang muncul peka dalam menangkap momentum tersebut sehingga mampu mengolah dan mengaktualkannya dengan baik sebagai pergerakan yang dahsyat dan mengejutkan. Di samping didukung adanya sikap netralitas institusi dan pemimpinnya terhadap berbagai ideologi dan aliran keagamaan. Sebaliknya, ketika SI sudah tidak bersikap netral lagi dan para pimpinannya sudah kehilangan elan vital kepekaannya dalam menangkap tanda-tanda zaman, maka terjadilah krisis yang panjang dan tidak diketahui kapan berakhir. Fenomena seperti ini melanda juga SI di Kalimantan Selatan. Meskipun sempat besar dengan aktifitas berbagai macam bidang terutama bidang pendidikan, sosial, politik dan ekonomi, tapi hal itu tak berjalan lama, hanya beberapa tahun, sesudah itu terpuruk karena terlalu jauh memasuki wilayah politik. Begitulah keberadaan SI secara keseluruhan, termasuk SI di Kalimantan Selatan, kejayaannya hanyalah nostalgia yang menghanyutkan, sebab dalam kenyataannya SI sampai sekarang tak mampu untuk bangkit. Memang masih ada tapi hanya papan nama, kecil sekali yang dalam ungkapan Arab “wujuduhu kaadamihi”, adanya seperti tidak adanya.
KIPRAH Al-WASHLIYAH DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN DI BIDANG PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Aseri Sarmiji , Bakar Abu
Published: November 2016

Fatwa hukum Islam itu dapat berubah sebab berubahnya masa, tempat, situasi, dorongandan motivasi. Fatwa yang dipahami sebagai jawaban resmi terhadap pertanyaan ataupersoalan penting menyangkut kepercayaan atau hukum yang diberikan oleh seseorang atausuatu lembaga yang mempunyai otoritas untuk melakukannya,suatu hukum menurutAl Washliyah adalah hanya ulama-ulama terdahulu saja yang mampu menetapkannya,karena:Tidak semua orang mempunyai kesanggupan mengeluarkan hukum denganseorang diri dari Alquran dan hadis, karena untuk melaksankan pekerjaan tersebut harusmemenuhi berbagai persyaratan. Harus mengerti betul bahasa Arab, mempunyaiperlengkapan tentang ilmu-ilmu yang diperlukan untuk memahami Alquran dan hadis,dan berbagai syarat lain yang diterangkan dalam kitab Us?l al-Fiqh. Al Washliyahsebagai salah satu organisasi soal keagamaan di Indonesia mempunyai Anggaran DasarAl Washliyah tentang hukum fikih disempurnakan dari bermazhab Syafi?i menjadiDalam iktikad dan hukum fikih bermazhab Alus Sunnah wal Jama?ah denganmengutamakan mazhab Syafi'i.
Forced-Air Warmers and Surgical Site Infections in Patients Undergoing Knee or Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Austin Paul N.
Published: November 2016

The majority of the evidence indicates preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia reduces the incidence of many perioperative complications. Among the results of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia are increased bleeding, myocardial events, impaired wound healing, and diminished renal function. Most researchers agree there is an increased incidence of surgical site infections in patients who experience inadvertent perioperative hypothermia.
The Neurotoxicity of General Anesthetic Drugs:
Authors: Biddle Chuck , Ford Vincent
Published: November 2016

A substantial body of research suggests that anesthetic exposure to patients who are very young or very old may impair cognitive, behavioral, and emotional development or recovery. In lower animal models of pre- and postnatal age, anesthetic exposure may impact inflammation, synaptogenesis, neuronal apoptosis, and glial cell development. To date, research in humans is inconclusive regarding the long-term cognitive and behavioral sequelae of general anesthesia in the young child. In older adults, postoperative cognitive dysfunction and cognitive delirium are identified as markers of anesthetic neurotoxicity. Existing neurological degenerative processes and other comorbidities in combination with the stress of surgery make evaluating the independent impact of anesthetic exposure difficult. Advances in research, imaging, and partnerships have enhanced the potential for understanding the impact of anesthetic exposure. In both populations, the resulting data and limitations faced in initial research efforts are catalysts for current prospective studies.
FACE RECOGNITION WITH ILLUMINATION VARYING CONDITIONS AND OCCLUSIONS
Authors:   Institute of Science and Technology, Turk Hava Kurumu University, Ankara, Turkey, Algharib Amal M.S , Baba Abdellatif ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Türk Hava Kurumu University Ankara, Turkey
Published: November 2016

Face recognition with illumination varying conditions and occlusions is one of the most important challenges in the field of digital image processing. Despite of the fact that a number of studies (Patel & Yagni, 2013; Azeem, Sharif, Raza & Murtaza, 2014) have improved the accuracy of different techniques by normalizing and compensating the illumination variations using some pre-processing methods, a lot of these methods are still facing many serious challenges with illumination changes and occlusion. In this paper, we suggest the use of tow pre-processing methods that will have a great impact on the performance and the robustness of the recognition procedures in case small sample size (SSS) as the training set.
Avaliação de Satisfação em Intervenção Pública Realizada em um Aglomerado Subnormal por meio do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC)
Authors: Silva Guido Vaz
Published: November 2016

O Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento do governo federal brasileiro (PAC) realizou diversas intervenções urbanas entre 2008 e 2012. Analisa-se a percepção de satisfação de beneficiários de uma intervenção urbana realizada na favela Nova Esperança, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, utilizando uma abordagem multimetodológica potencializada por um processo de triangulação entre quatro métodos. No referencial teórico, o artigo problematiza os processos de urbanização e favelização historicamente estabelecidos no Brasil desde a segunda metade do século XX e discute métodos para avaliação de impactos em intervenções urbanas. No estudo de caso concluiu-se que há serviços que melhoraram, porém outros não. Por fim, discute-se o contraste encontrado entre a avaliação geral e a avaliação serviço a serviço no caso Nova Esperança, apontando-se implicações para a pesquisa e para a prática.
Impact of Planting Date and Seeding Rate on Forage and Grain Yields of Dual‐Purpose Wheat in Central Texas
Authors: Darapuneni Murali K. , Morgan Gaylon D. , Shaffer Oliver J. , Dodla Syam
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

Planting date is more important than the seeding rate for maximizing forage and grain yields in a dual‐use system.

Optimum planting date for maximizing forage yield is September to early October, whereas optimum planting date for maximizing grain yield is early November in central Texas.

Optimum planting date for maximum returns is early to late September.

Producers of central Texas can drop the seeding rate to 30 lb ac−1 without sacrificing forage and grain yield potential of dual purpose wheat.

Planting date and seeding rate are important considerations for maximizing the forage and grain yields of dual‐purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A 3‐year study was conducted to evaluate the effect of six planting dates (September through November in 2‐week intervals) and four seeding rates (30, 60, 90, and 120 lb acre−1) on forage and grain yields of dual‐purpose winter wheat. Earlier planting dates maximized forage yield and declined when planting date was delayed in all tested years (R2 = 0.9646). However, optimum planting date for maximum grain yield was early November. Based on economic analysis, optimum planting date for maximum returns was early to late September. Forage and grain yields of dual‐purpose wheat were unaffected by different seeding rates (P > 0.05). Based on the results, producers in central Texas can sow at 30 lb acre−1 without sacrificing forage and grain yield potential of dual‐purpose wheat. Growers of dual‐purpose wheat operating under different grazing requirements to central Texas may be able to maximize returns by planting at an appropriate time and reducing seeding rates.
Processes and Modeling of Initial Soil and Landscape Development: A Review
Authors: Maurer Thomas , Gerke Horst H.
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas

The dynamic initial development phase of landscapes requires a novel modeling approach.

The approach needs to incorporate the key factors of initial ecohydrological processes.

Key factors are: primary structure, erosion, deposition, crusting, plant succession.

Ecohydrological functional units may be derived from modellng and observations.

From their behavior, general conclusions may be drawn on early system evolution.

The development pathway of a landscape depends to a degree on the initial spatial distributions of mineral and organic components. The interaction between structures and ecohydrological processes during the critical initial development period is scarcely understood and often difficult to observe. While viable modeling approaches exist for most aspects of initial development (e.g., landscape evolution, vegetation succession), a deeper understanding of the prevailing feedback mechanisms requires a comprehensive, integrated modeling approach. We present a review of the current literature regarding the description of initial structures, the state‐of‐the‐art of research on structure‐forming processes and their interaction with existing and newly emerging structures, as well as the corresponding modeling efforts. The most relevant aspects are (i) sediment translocation processes and initial evolution of topography, (ii) surface crusting, (iii) vegetation succession, and (iv) the evolution of the soil pore space. Based on existing conceptions for integrated modeling of the coevolution of structures and ecohydrological behavior, we outline an integrative modeling framework that is based on a three‐dimensional spatial structural model of initial sediment distributions, which can be used to: (i) analyze the spatiotemporal development dynamics depending on initial structures; and (ii) relate the simulated structural development to available observations of initial ecohydrological development. We discuss possible validation and generalization strategies of modeling results, and propose to define three‐dimensional spatial functional catchment units (process domains) characterized by specific structural dynamics and the dominant ecohydrological processes.
Evaluation of wet air oxidation variables for removal of organophosphorus pesticide malathion using Box-Behnken design
Authors: Isgoren Melike , Gengec Erhan , Veli Sevil
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with finding optimum reaction conditions for wet air oxidation (WAO) of malathion aqueous solution, by Response Surface Methodology. Reaction conditions, which affect the removal efficiencies most during the non-catalytic WAO system, are: temperature (60–120 °C), applied pressure (20–40 bar), the pH value (3–7), and reaction time (0–120 min). Those were chosen as independent parameters of the model. The interactions between parameters were evaluated by Box-Behnken and the quadratic model fitted very well with the experimental data (29 runs). A higher value of R2 and adjusted R2 (>0.91) demonstrated that the model could explain the results successfully. As a result, optimum removal efficiency (97.8%) was obtained at pH 5, 20 bars of pressure, 116 °C, and 96 min. These results showed that Box–Behnken is a suitable design to optimize operating conditions and removal efficiency for non-catalytic WAO process. The EC20 value of raw wastewater was measured as 35.40% for malathion (20 mg/L). After the treatment, no toxicity was observed at the optimum reaction conditions. The results show that the WAO is an efficient treatment system for malathion degradation and has the ability of converting malathion to the non-toxic forms.
Development of a Mobile Phone App to Support Self-Monitoring of Emotional Well-Being: A Mental Health Digital Innovation
Authors: Rickard Nikki , Arjmand Hussain-Abdulah , Bakker David , Seabrook Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

Background

Emotional well-being is a primary component of mental health and well-being. Monitoring changes in emotional state daily over extended periods is, however, difficult using traditional methodologies. Providing mental health support is also challenging when approximately only 1 in 2 people with mental health issues seek professional help. Mobile phone technology offers a sustainable means of enhancing self-management of emotional well-being.

Objective

This paper aims to describe the development of a mobile phone tool designed to monitor emotional changes in a natural everyday context and in real time.

Methods

This evidence-informed mobile phone app monitors emotional mental health and well-being, and it provides links to mental health organization websites and resources. The app obtains data via self-report psychological questionnaires, experience sampling methodology (ESM), and automated behavioral data collection.

Results

Feedback from 11 individuals (age range 16-52 years; 4 males, 7 females), who tested the app over 30 days, confirmed via survey and focus group methods that the app was functional and usable.

Conclusions

Recommendations for future researchers and developers of mental health apps to be used for research are also presented. The methodology described in this paper offers a powerful tool for a range of potential mental health research studies and provides a valuable standard against which development of future mental health apps should be considered.
PEMODELAN DAERAH TANGKAPAN AIR WADUK KELILING DENGAN MODEL SWAT (Keliling Reservoir Catchment Area Modeling Using SWAT Model)
Authors: Ferijal Teuku , Mechram Siti , Jayanti Dewi Sri , Satriyo Purnama
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to model watershed area of Keliling Reservoir using SWAT model. The reservoir is located in Aceh Besar District, Province of Aceh. The model was setup using 90m x 90m digital elevation model, land use data extracted from remote sensing data and soil characteristic obtained from laboratory analysis on soil samples. Model was calibrated using observed daily reservoir volume and the model performance was analyzed using RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR), Nash-Sutcliffe efﬁciency (NSE) and percent bias (PBIAS). The model delineated the study area into 3,448 Ha having 13 subwatersheds and 76 land units (HRUs). The watershed is mostly covered by forest (53%) and grassland (31%). The analysis revealed the 10 most sensitive parameters i.e. GW_DELAY, CN2, REVAPMN, ALPHA_BF, SOL_AWC, GW_REVAP, GWQMN, CH_K2 and ESCO. Model performances were categorized into very good for monthly reservoir volume with ENS 0.95, RSR 0.23, and PBIAS 2.97. The model performance decreased when it used to analyze daily reservoir inﬂow with ENS 0.55, RSR 0.67, and PBIAS 3.46.Keywords: Keliling Reservoir, SWAT, Watershed ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk memodelkan daerah tangkapan air Waduk Keliling dengan menggunakan Model SWAT. Waduk Keliling terletak di Kabupaten Aceh Besar, Propinsi Aceh. Dalam penelitian ini Model SWAT dikembangkan berdasarkan data digital elevasi model resolusi 90 m x90 m, tata guna lahan yang diperoleh dari intepretasi citra satelit dan data soil dari hasil analisa sampel tanah yang diperoleh di daerah penelitian. Model dikalibrasi dengan data volume waduk dan kinerja model dianalisa menggunakan parameter rasio akar rata-rata kuadrat error dan standard deviasi observasi (RSR), efesiensi Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) dan persentase bias (PBIAS). Hasil deleniasi untuk daerah penelitian menghasilkan suatu DAS dengan luas 3,448 Ha dan memiliki 13 Sub DAS yang dikelompokkan menjadi 76 unit lahan. Sebagian besar wilayah study ditutupi oleh hutan (53%), dan pandang rumput (31%). Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa 10 parameter model yang sangat mempengaruhi debit adalah GW_DELAY, CN2, REVAPMN, ALPHA_BF, SOL_AWC, GW_REVAP, GWQMN, CH_K2 dan ESCO. Kinerja model sangat baik dalam memprediksikan volume tampungan waduk bulanan dengan nilai ENS 0,95, RSR 0,23, dan PBIAS 2,97. Namun, kinerja model menurun ketika mensimulasikan debit inﬂow harian dengan nilai-nilai ENS 0,55, RSR 0,67, dan PBIAS 3,46.Kata kunci: Waduk Keliling, SWAT, Daerah Tangkapan Air
Internet Gaming Disorder: Psikopatologi Budaya Modern
Authors: Anggarani Fadjri Kirana
Published: November 2016

Istilah budaya berasal dari kata buddhayah yang merupakan bentuk jamakdari buddhi, berarti budi atau akal sehingga budaya dapat diartikan sebagai hal-hal yang menyangkut budi dan akal (Koentjaraningrat, 1980). Sir EdwardTaylor (dalam Soekanto, 2003) memperjelas arti budaya yaitu keseluruhanpengetahuan, keyakinan, kesenian, moral, hukum, adat istiadat dan semua kemam-puan dan kebiasaan yang diperoleh seseorang sebagai anggota masyarakat. Sepertiyang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya, produk budaya meliputi banyak hal, salah satunyaadalah permainan (games). Games merupakan produk budaya sejak dahulu kala(Malaby, 2012).