bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A global perspective of soil-forming conditions during the Late Pennsylvanian: potential stochastic forcing by geosphere–biosphere carbon pools
Authors: Gulbranson Erik L. , Tabor Neil J.
Published: December 2022

The Kasimovian was a time of ecological upheaval and large-magnitude changes in palaeoclimate. Referred to as the ‘collapse’ of the palaeotropical rainforests, the Kasimovian is marked by rapid changes in megafloral communities and associated ecosystem effects on vertebrates and invertebrates.
p
CO
2
variation coincided with these ecological catastrophes, varying between pre-industrial levels (PAL) to 2×PAL on 10
5
year timescales. Our understanding of the carbon cycle perturbations that affected
p
CO
2
and the connection of these climate-forcings to the terrestrial upheaval of palaeotropical rainforests remains a grand challenge. Here, the effects of palaeosol accumulation and/or degradation on the terrestrial carbon cycle during the Kasimovian is assessed. Palaeosols are surveyed from ice-free depositional basins on Pangaea and assessed for palaeolandscape equilibrium. An orbital framework is developed in order to understand the relationships of palaeosols, the carbon cycle, and insolation. Based on these analyses a key time interval emerges in the early Kasimovian. This time interval records a shift in palaeolandscape equilibria, terrestrial carbon cycling, and orbital forcing. The carbon cycling and landscape equilibria are eccentricity-paced; however, predominance of short eccentricity and obliquity throughout this interval indicates that the changes to palaeosols and the locus of carbon burial may have acted as a stochastic process.
Genetic programming benchmarks
Authors: McDermott James , Kronberger Gabriel , Orzechowski Patryk , Vanneschi Leonardo , Manzoni Luca , Kalkreuth Roman , Castelli Mauro
Published: December 2022

The top image shows a set of scales, which are intended to bring to mind the ideas of balance and fair experimentation which are the focus of our article on genetic programming benchmarks in this issue. Image by Elena Mozhvilo and made available under the Unsplash license on https://unsplash.com/photos/j06gLuKK0GM.
ARIC 2021 Workshop Report: The 4th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Advances in Resilient and Intelligent Cities
Authors: Kar Bandana , Mohebbi Shima , Fu Guangtao , Ye Xinyue , Omitaomu Olufemi A.
Published: December 2022

This report summarizes the focus of the 4th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Advances in Resilient and Intelligent Cities (ARIC 2021 - https://urbands.github.io/ARIC2021/) that was held virtually online on November 2, 2021. The attendance for the workshop was 40. The ARIC workshop started in 2017 with an aim to promote the interdisciplinary discussions among researchers, practitioners and developers to identify techniques and methods that would enable building next generation cities and infrastructures. This workshop continued its mission of bringing together researchers and practitioners to address the state-of-the-art techniques/methods, limitations and challenges to making cities both resilient and intelligent after the COVID-19 pandemic.
The 14th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science (IWCTS 2021), Beijing, China
Authors: Berres Andy , Kurte Kuldeep , Paleti Rajesh
Published: December 2022

This report summarizes the 14
th
edition of the International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science (IWCTS 2021).
HaniMob 2021 Workshop Report: The 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL Workshop on Animal Movement Ecology and Human Mobility
Authors: Ossi Federico , Hachem Fatima , Cagnacci Francesca , Demšar Urška , Damiani Maria Luisa
Published: December 2022

Movement ecology is a relatively new discipline in the field of ecology that studies the spatio-temporal patterns and processes at the basis of animal movement [8]. Ecologists track animal movement using telemetry tools (such as for example bio-logging GPS tags), and then combine resulting trajectories with contextual data on environment, such as those collected through remote sensing. Combined data are then used to build statistical models that describe the determinants of animal movement, such as environmental constraints (e.g. snow layer, habitat fragmentation, human disturbance) or the inner status of individuals (e.g. memory, orientation capacity). Movement is also the focus of a different field of research, i.e. human mobility, which is studied in a set of disciplines, from GIScience, to computer science, physics, geography and transportation science [4]. In analogy with movement ecology, human mobility benefited from the recent development of sensors capable of capturing human movement in real time and at detailed spatial and temporal scales (e.g. GPS trackers).
MPEG Visual Quality Assessment Advisory Group
Authors: Wien Mathias
Published: December 2022

The perceived visual quality is of utmost importance in the context of visual media compression, such as 2D, 3D, immersive video, and point clouds. The trade-off between compression efficiency and computational/implementation complexity has a crucial impact on the success of a compression scheme. This specifically holds for the development of visual media compression standards which typically aims at maximum compression efficiency using state-of-the-art coding technology. In MPEG, the subjective and objective assessment of visual quality has always been an integral part of the standards development process. Due to the significant effort of formal subjective evaluations, the standardization process typically relies on such formal tests in the starting phase and for verification while in the development phase objective metrics are used. In the new MPEG structure, established in 2020, a dedicated advisory group has been installed for the purpose of providing, maintaining, and developing visual quality assessment methods suitable for use in the standardization process.

This column lays out the scope and tasks of this advisory group and reports on its first achievements and developments. After a brief overview of the organizational structure, current projects are presented, and initial results are presented.
Report from ACM Multimedia Systems 2021
Authors: Sharma Neha
Published: December 2022

Neha Sharma (@NehaSharma) is a PhD student working with Dr Mohamed Hefeeda in Network and Multimedia Systems Lab at Simon Fraser University. Her research interests are in computer vision and machine learning with a focus on next-generation multimedia systems and applications. Her current work focuses on designing an inexpensive hyperspectral camera using a hybrid approach by leveraging both hardware and software solutions. She has been awarded as Best Social Media Reporter of the conference to promote the sharing among researchers on social networks. To celebrate this award, here is a more complete report on the conference.
Female sex-specific considerations to improve rigor and reproducibility in cardiovascular research
Authors: Chang Danica H. , Dumanski Sandra M. , Ahmed Sofia B.
Published: December 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Despite recognition of sex-specific differences in cardiovascular health, females are underrepresented across all aspects of cardiovascular research, playing a key role in reducing rigor and reproducibility in cardiovascular research and contributing to these poorer health outcomes. Therefore, we propose a framework to capture factors associated with the female sex at the preclinical, recruitment, data collection, and data analysis stages. In preclinical cardiovascular research, female experimental models are commonly excluded despite similar variability in findings compared with males. To reduce this sex bias, the inclusion of female models and the incorporation of sex as a biological variable are critical to improve reproducibility and inform clinical research and care. Although funding agencies have mandated the inclusion of women in clinical trials, greater efforts are needed to achieve optimal participation-to-prevalence ratio to increase the generalizability of results to real-world settings. Female participants face more stringent exclusion criteria in research compared with males owing to sex-specific factors. However, their routine exclusion from cardiovascular research is not only unethical but limits generalizability and applicability to clinical practice. Identifying sex assigned at birth, collecting information on female sex-specific and -predominant factors associated with cardiovascular health and risk, and stratifying data by sex, including adverse events, are essential to ensure reproducibility and relevance of findings to target populations. Increasing female representation and the incorporation of female sex-specific cardiovascular risk factors in cardiovascular research will not only lead to enhanced rigor and reproducibility but improved cardiovascular health for all.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Severe Burn-Induced Multiple Organ Injury via Potentiating IGF-1 and BCL-2/BAX Pathway
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Ba Te , Wang Qiong , Yang Longlong , Li Chenyi , Hao Xingxia , Yin Yue , Liu Lingying
Published: December 2022

Background. Early multiple organ injuries induced by severe burn predict a high mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to repair and reconstruct the injured tissues and organs induced by trauma and diseases. However, potential protective effect and mechanism of MSCs on multiorgan injury induced by severe burn at early stage remain to be not clarified. Therefore, this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUCMSCs) against severe burn-induced early organ injuries in rats. Methods. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham, burn, and burn+hUCMSCsgroups. GFP-labeled hUCMSCs or PBS was intravenous injected into respective groups. Migration and distribution patterns of GFP-labeled hUCMSCs were observed by inverted fluorescence microscope. The structures and cell apoptosis of the heart, kidney, and liver were measured by immunohistochemistry. Biochemical parameters in serum were assayed by standard Roche-Hitachi methodology. Western blotting was performed on these organs of rats in the three groups to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results. At 24 hours after hUCMSCs transplantation, we found that GFP-labeled hUCMSCs mainly localized in the blood vessel of the heart, kidney, and liver and a very few cells migrated into tissues of these organs. Compared with the sham group, structure damages and cell apoptosis of these organs were induced by severe burn, and systematic administrations of hUCMSCs significantly improved the damaged structures, cell apoptosis rates, and biochemical parameters of these organs. Furthermore, IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) level in burn+hUCMSCs group was significantly higher than that in the sham and burn groups. Meanwhile, severe burn induced BCL-2/BAX significantly decreased compared to the sham group, and it was markedly increased by hUCMSCs administration. Conclusion. The hUCMSCs transplantation can attenuate severe burn-induced early organ injuries and protect multiorgan functions by encouraging migration of hUCMSCs with blood circulation and increasing protective cytokine IGF-1 level and regulating BCL-2/BAX pathway of these vital organs. Furthermore, these data might provide the theoretical foundation for further clinical applications of hUCMSCs in burn areas.
A Complex Heterogeneous Network Model of Disease Regulated by Noncoding RNAs: A Case Study of Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Qi Guanpeng , Xu Ze , Dan Hanyu , Jia Xiangnan , Jiang Qiang , Zhang Aijun , Li Zhaohang , Liu Xin , Ma Juman , Zheng Xiaosong , Li Zuojing
Published: December 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important types of noncoding RNAs, and there is a lack of holistic and systematic understanding of the functions they play in disease. We proposed a research strategy, including two parts network analysis and network modelling, to analyze, model, and predict the regulatory network of miRNAs from a network perspective, using unstable angina pectoris as an example. In the network analysis section, we proposed the WGCNA & SimCluster method using both correlation and similarity to find hub miRNAs, and validation on two datasets showed better results than the methods using correlation or similarity alone. In the network modelling section, we used six knowledge graph or graph neural network models for link prediction of three types of edges and multilabel classification of two types of nodes. Comparative experiments showed that the RotatE model was a good model for link prediction, while the RGCN model was the best model for multilabel classification. Potential target genes were predicted for hub miRNAs and validation of hub miRNA-target gene interactions, target genes as biomarkers and target gene functions were performed using a three-step validation approach. In conclusion, our study provides a new strategy to analyze and model miRNA regulatory networks.
Global Dynamics of a Within‐Host COVID‐19/AIDS Coinfection Model with Distributed Delays
Authors: Azoz S. A. , Elaiw A. M. , Ramadan E. , Al Agha A. D. , Raezah Aeshah A.
Published: December 2022

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among people with AIDS, cases of COVID‐19 have been reported in many countries. COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). In this manuscript, we are going to present a within‐host COVID‐19/AIDS coinfection model to study the dynamics and influence of the coinfection between COVID‐19 and AIDS. The model is a six‐dimensional delay differential equation that describes the interaction between uninfected epithelial cells, infected epithelial cells, free SARS‐CoV‐2 particles, uninfected CD4+ T cells, infected CD4+ T cells, and free HIV‐1 particles. We demonstrated that the proposed model is biologically acceptable by proving the positivity and boundedness of the model solutions. The global stability analysis of the model is carried out in terms of the basic reproduction number. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate that if COVID‐19/AIDS coinfected individuals have a poor immune response or a low number of CD4+ T cells, then the viral load of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the number of infected epithelial cells will rise. On the contrary, the existence of time delays can rise the number of uninfected CD4+ T cells and uninfected epithelial cells, thus reducing the viral load within the host.
Fibular Agenesis and Ball-Like Toes Mimicking Preaxial Polydactyly: Prenatal Presentation of Du Pan Syndrome
Authors: Turgut G. Tutku , Kalelioglu Ibrahim Halil , Karaman Volkan , Sarac Sivrikoz Tugba , Karaman Birsen , Uyguner Zehra Oya , Kalayci Tugba
Published: December 2022

Introduction: GDF5-BMPR1B signaling pathway-associated chondrodysplasias are a genetically heterogeneous group of conditions with significant phenotypic and genotypic overlap, consisting of Hunter-Thompson-type acromesomelic dysplasia, Grebe dysplasia, and Du Pan syndrome. Constituting a spectrum of clinical severity, these disorders are characterized by disproportionate short stature mainly involving middle and distal segments of the extremities. Du Pan syndrome represents the mildest end of this spectrum with less marked shortened limbs, fibular agenesis or hypoplasia, absence of frequent joint dislocations, and carpotarsal fusions with deformed phalangeal bones. Case Presentation: Here, we report the first prenatal diagnosis of Du Pan syndrome based on the sonographic findings of bilateral fibular agenesis and ball-shaped toes mimicking preaxial polydactyly accompanying subtle brachydactyly in the family. GDF5 (NM_000557.5) sequencing identified a homozygous pathogenic variant c.1322T>C, p.(Leu441Pro) in the fetus and confirmed the carrier status in the mother. Discussion: We suggest that the presence of bilateral fibular agenesis and the apparent image of preaxial polydactyly of the feet on prenatal ultrasound should alert suspicion to Du Pan syndrome, with the latter possibly being a sonographic pitfall. Alongside the fetal imaging, a detailed clinical examination of the expectant parents is also of great importance in establishing a preliminary diagnosis of Du Pan syndrome, as well as the other GDF5-BMPR1B-associated chondrodysplasias.
Intrafetal Laser Therapy Is a Feasible Treatment for Different Fetal Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fabietti Isabella , Vassallo Chiara , De Rose Domenico Umberto , Rapisarda Agnese , Romiti Anita , Viggiano Milena , Vicario Roberta , Scorletti Federico , Bonito Marco , Bagolan Pietro , Caforio Leonardo
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Over the past years, intrafetal laser (IFL) therapy has been increasingly used in the management of various prenatal conditions. The aim of our research was to clarify the effectiveness and safety of this technique. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out using MEDLINE/PubMed over a period of 20 years (2001–2021). Results: A total of forty-one articles were selected in the literature search, including 194 cases of twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence, 56 cases of bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPSs), 5 cases of placental chorioangiomas (PCA), 11 cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT), and 103 cases of embryo reduction (ER) managed using IFL. In TRAP sequence, perfusion of the acardiac twin was successfully disrupted in all cases. However, preterm premature rupture of membranes (P-PROMs) occurred in 6 out of 79 pregnancies (7.5%), and preterm birth (PTB) occurred in 36 out of 122 pregnancies (29.5%). In BPS, IFL was successfully performed in all cases with no significant fetal-maternal complications. The rates of P-PROM and PTB were, respectively, 3.2% and 12.5%. All PCA IFL-treated cases resulted in successful pregnancy outcomes; no cases of P-PROM were reported, but the rate of PTB reached a peak of 60% due to complications such as severe fetal growth restriction and fetal Doppler abnormalities. In SCT cases, complete cessation of blood flow was achieved in 4 patients (36.4%); P-PROM occurred in 2 cases (18.2%), whereas the rate of PTB was 87.5%. In ER, no intraoperative or major maternal complications were described in the literature. Rates of miscarriage and PTB differed between initial trichorionic triamniotic and dichorionic triamniotic triplet pregnancies. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that IFL is a safe and feasible technique for the management of different fetal conditions. However, the overall risk of PTB, and its related morbidity and mortality, ranges from 12.5% in BPS to 87.5% in SCT IFL-treated cases. This information could aid in decision-making during prenatal counseling. However, final perinatal outcome depends on the severity of the disease itself.
Scientia Potentia Est—On the Role of Knowledge in Computational Argumentation
Authors: Lauscher Anne , Wachsmuth Henning , Gurevych Iryna , Glavaš Goran
Published: December 2022

Despite extensive research efforts in recent years, computational argumentation (CA) remains one of the most challenging areas of natural language processing. The reason for this is the inherent complexity of the cognitive processes behind human argumentation, which integrate a plethora of different types of knowledge, ranging from topic-specific facts and common sense to rhetorical knowledge. The integration of knowledge from such a wide range in CA requires modeling capabilities far beyond many other natural language understanding tasks. Existing research on mining, assessing, reasoning over, and generating arguments largely acknowledges that much more knowledge is needed to accurately model argumentation computationally. However, a systematic overview of the types of knowledge introduced in existing CA models is missing, hindering targeted progress in the field. Adopting the operational definition of knowledge as any task-relevant normative information not provided as input, the survey paper at hand fills this gap by (1) proposing a taxonomy of types of knowledge required in CA tasks, (2) systematizing the large body of CA work according to the reliance on and exploitation of these knowledge types for the four main research areas in CA, and (3) outlining and discussing directions for future research efforts in CA.
Steinkern spiders: A microbial mat-controlled taphonomic pathway in the Oligocene Aix-en-Provence Lagerstätte, France
Authors: DOWNEN MATTHEW R. , SCHIFFBAUER JAMES D. , SELDEN PAUL A. , OLCOTT ALISON N.
Published: December 2022

The Aix-en-Provence Formation is an Oligocene (22.5 Ma) Lagerstätte in southern France that contains an abundance of soft-bodied fossils preserved in exceptional detail. Many taxa have been described from this formation, including insects, spiders, fishes, and plants, suggesting a diverse ecosystem in a subtropical, brackish, lacustrine paleoenvironment. Fossil spiders from this deposit are preserved as compression fossils and internal and external molds. Recently, compression fossils of spiders from Aix-en-Provence were hypothesized to be a product of a taphonomic pathway based on diatoms and sulfurization. Here, we examine fossil spiders preserved as molds to uncover a second taphonomic pathway based on microbial mats. Evidence of microbial mats include wrinkles, pustular textures, and possible microbial mat chips on the bedding surfaces as well as a matrix fabric that contains possible microbial sheaths and bacterial spherules. The evidence presented here supports prolific microbial mat communities during deposition of the Aix-en-Provence Formation, and suggests that they are likely responsible for the moldic preservation of the spiders. Our work shows that the paleoenvironment of the Aix-en-Provence Formation promoted at least two possible taphonomic pathways that resulted in the differing modes of preservation observed.
Water Year 2021 Compound Precipitation and Temperature Extremes in California and Nevada
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Quan Xiao-Wei , Hoerling Martin , Diaz Henry F. , Fu Rong , He Cenlin , Lisonbee Joel R. , Mankin Justin S. , Seager Richard , Sheffield Amanda , Simpson Isla R. , Wahl Eugene R.
Published: December 2022

Anthropogenically forced-warming and La Niña forced-precipitation deficits caused at least a sixfold risk increase for compound extreme low precipitation and high temperature in California–Nevada from October 2020 to September 2021.
Record High Warm 2021 February Temperature over East Asia
Authors: Xie Jinbo
Published: December 2022

Human-induced warming is estimated to have increased the occurrence probability of events like the record-breaking warm February in East Asia by a factor of 4–20.
Human Contribution to 2020/21-like Persistent Iran Meteorological Droughts
Authors: Kam Jonghun , Min Seung-Ki , Park Chang-Kyun , Kim Byeong-Hee , Kug Jong-Seong
Published: December 2022

CMIP6 simulations suggest that the 2020/21-like severe and long-lasting Iran droughts have become more probable by at least 50% due mainly to anthropogenic greenhouse gas increases.
Traces of the Dead, Actions of the Not-Alive: A Prologue to a Theory of Agentification
Authors: Guhin Jeffrey
Published: December 2022

The author describes how sociological and philosophical discussions of agency tend to center questions of how or why people are agentic rather than who or what is agentic. In contrast, the author poses questions about the agency of things, the agency of non-humans, and the agency of dead humans, using three examples of historical traces—Washington’s refusal of a third term, Jenner’s development of the smallpox vaccines, and Smith’s publication of The Wealth of Nations—as historical examples to examine how non-humans and non-living-humans leave traces that can experienced as agentic. The author then analyzes six theories of agency that might provide explanations for these actions (actants, affordances, switchmen, residue, repression, and ghosts) before turning to his earlier work on the concept of “external authorities.”
Objective Communication Patterns Associated With Team Member Effectiveness in Real-World Virtual Teams
Authors: O’Bryan Lisa , Oxendahl Tim , Chen Xu , McDuff Daniel , Segarra Santiago , Wettergreen Matthew , Beier Margaret E. , Sabharwal Ashutosh
Published: December 2022

Objective

We explore the relationships between objective communication patterns displayed during virtual team meetings and established, qualitative measures of team member effectiveness.

Background

A key component of teamwork is communication. Automated measures of objective communication patterns are becoming more feasible and offer the ability to measure and monitor communication in a scalable, consistent and continuous manner. However, their validity in reflecting meaningful measures of teamwork processes are not well established, especially in real-world settings.

Method

We studied real-world virtual student teams working on semester-long projects. We captured virtual team meetings using the Zoom video conferencing platform throughout the semester and periodic surveys comprising peer ratings of team member effectiveness. Leveraging audio transcripts, we examined relationships between objective measures of speaking time, silence gap duration and vocal turn-taking and peer ratings of team member effectiveness.

Results

Speaking time, speaking turn count, degree centrality and (marginally) speaking turn duration, but not silence gap duration, were positively related to individual-level team member effectiveness. Time in dyadic interactions and interaction count, but not interaction length, were positively related to dyad-level team member effectiveness.

Conclusion

Our study highlights the relevance of objective measures of speaking time and vocal turn-taking to team member effectiveness in virtual project-based teams, supporting the validity of these objective measures and their use in future research.

Application

Our approach offers a scalable, easy-to-use method for measuring communication patterns and team member effectiveness in virtual teams and opens the opportunity to study these patterns in a more continuous and dynamic manner.
Ceramic Bonding Interface under Shear–Compression Stress: Ultra-High-Speed Imaging Contribution
Authors: Lambert H. , Corn S. , Léger R. , Ienny P. , Slangen P. , Fages M.
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study is to visualize and characterize by ultra-high-speed imaging (UHSI) the failure phenomena at the resin–ceramic bonding interface of lithium disilicate (LiSi2) samples bonded with gold-standard protocol (Monobond Plus [MB]) and the nontoxic one (Monobond Etch & Prime [MEP]) subjected to mechanical loading. Unprecedented frame rate, image resolution, and recording time were reached by using the most advanced UHSI camera. The finite element analysis (FEA) of the proposed mechanical test confirmed that the specific design of our samples enables a combined shear and compression stress state, prone to test the bonding interface while being close to physiological stresses. Ten LiSi2 samples were pretreated by gold standard (MB, n = 5) and self-etching primer (MEP, n = 5). Axial compression loading gradually increased until catastrophic failure was performed. As shown by the FEA, the angle between the bonding interface and load direction leads to shear–compression stresses at the resin–ceramic bonding interface. Failure was recorded by UHSI at 300,000 fps. All recorded images were analyzed to segregate events and isolate the origin of fracture. For the first time, thanks to the image recording setup, it was observed that debonding is the first event before breakage, highlighting that sample fracture occurs by interfacial rupture followed by slippage and cohesive failure of materials. Failure mode could be described as mixed. MEP and MB showed similar results and behavior.
Growth in Commuting Patterns and Their Impacts on Rural Workforce and Economic Development
Authors: Kures Matt , Deller Steven C.
Published: December 2022

Residential and employment locational decisions for working households are frequently commingled. Numerous economic and social factors like job accessibility, wage differentials, housing markets, travel time, trip-chaining opportunities, dual employment, and other quality-of-life considerations influence where a household ultimately chooses to reside relative to places of employment. These choices in turn shape commuting patterns within a region. Using the U.S. Census Bureau's LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES), the authors explore longitudinal changes in the growth of commuting patterns based on commuters traveling 50 miles or more between their place of residence and place of employment for counties in Midwestern states from 2002 to 2019. The authors find that the rate of commuters traveling 50 miles or more appears to have increased in rural areas across several periods and regions. Thus, rural communities concerned about labor supply constraints must take into consideration more expansive geographic labor markets and approach labor force development in partnership across local economic development institutions. In essence, the growth in commuting sheds requires stronger regional partnerships to address the issue.
Numerical solution and experimental study of Multi-field coupling for nickel-based coatings prepared by scanning electrodeposition at different currents
Authors: Fu Xiuqing , Tao Yichen , Wang Hongbiao , Zhang Hongwen , Xian Jieyu , Zhu Yifan
Published: December 2022

In this study, a dynamic grid mathematical model of scanning electrodeposition coupled with electric field, flow field, temperature field and concentration field was established. The transient distribution of multiple physical fields with different current densities (I was 0.075–0.275 A) and the growth of the coating were investigated. The preparation, morphology characterization and performance testing of nickel-based coatings were carried out. The results showed that the transient distribution of multiple physical fields reflected the deposition rule of the coating, and explains the deposition phenomenon of the coating with an “arch-shaped” distribution in the test. With the increase of current, the thickness of the coating and the degree of the arch increased. The numerical solution was consistent with the experimental law. The hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating increased first and then decreased. When I was 0.175 A (current densities was 700 A/m2), the maximum hardness of the nickel-based coating was 668.88 HV0.1, the minimum wear scar area was 1144.74 μm2, and the maximum equivalent resistance was 10,960 Ω. The temperature and concentration fields had little influence on the deposition process, and changes were only observed on the deposition surface. Electric and flow field distributions had greater influences on the deposition process, were the main reason for “arch-shaped” distribution.
Magnetic particle-filled polyaniline-doped graphene oxide nanocomposite-based electrode in application of supercapacitor
Authors: Mupit Muazzin , Islam Muhammad Remanul , Azam Mohd Asyadi , Yunus Rosli , Kooi Ong Siew
Published: December 2022

In this study, the electrochemical characteristics of magnetic particle-filled conductive polyaniline-doped graphene oxide nanocomposites (MDiPG) were investigated. The graphene oxide was chemically exfoliated from natural graphite flakes by the modified Hummer's method. The nanocomposite was characterised through thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Its electrochemical characteristics were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The nanocomposite electrode material was obtained through in situ polymerisation of polyaniline-doped graphene oxide combined with the mixing of a magnetic substance. The supercapacitor cell was composed of symmetric magnetic-derived electrodes, polypropylene separator, and 6M KOH as an electrolyte. The cyclic voltammetry curve study showed a good relation of both materials, where a high specific gravimetric capacitance was achieved at 303 F/g.
Nutritional, biochemical, and clinical determinants of hyperuricemia in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Relationship with clinical and renal disease activity
Authors: Campos-López Bertha , Meza-Meza Mónica R , Pesqueda-Cendejas Karen , Ruiz-Ballesteros Adolfo I , Rivera-Escoto Melissa , Vargas-Morales Juan M , Parra-Rojas Isela , Mora-García Paulina E , Vizmanos Barbara , Montoya-Buelna Margarita , Cerpa-Cruz Sergio , De la Cruz-Mosso Ulises
Published: December 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical autoimmune disease considered as an independent risk factor for mortality by cardiovascular disease. Currently, uric acid is described as a novel biomarker associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, nutritional and serum determinants that influence hyperuricemia development in autoimmune diseases have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess the nutritional, biochemical, and cardiometabolic determinants of hyperuricemia and its relationship with clinical variables in SLE patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 167 SLE patients and 195 control subjects (CS). Nutrient intake, anthropometry, biochemical, and cardiometabolic indexes were evaluated. In SLE patients, adequate protein (OR = 0.4; p = 0.04) and carbohydrate (OR = 0.2; p = 0.01) intakes were associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia. SLE patients with hyperuricemia presented a higher risk of clinical (OR = 2.2; p = 0.03) and renal activity (OR = 3.4; p < 0.01), as well as triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL (OR = 3.6; p < 0.01), hs-CRP ≥1 mg/L (OR = 3.1; p < 0.01), Kannel score ≥3 (OR = 2.5; p = 0.02), and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.2; p = 0.02). Oppositely, serum levels of HDL-C ≥40 mg/dL (OR = 0.2; p < 0.01) were associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia. According to the pharmacotherapy administered, prednisone treatment was associated with a high risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 4.7; p < 0.001). In contrast, the hydroxychloroquine treatment was associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 0.4; p = 0.02). In conclusion, SLE patients with hyperuricemia presented a high risk of clinical and renal activity as well as worse cardiometabolic status. Notably, an adequate intake of protein, carbohydrates, healthy HDL-C serum levels, and hydroxychloroquine treatment could be determinants of lower risk of hyperuricemia.
Correction of orbital implant exposure using a supra-brow island flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Ye Xinhai
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To describe our experience of the supra-brow island flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle technique for correcting orbit implant exposure.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study reviewed 32 patients that underwent orbit implant exposure surgery using a supra-brow island flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle. All data were reviewed from patients in Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai during January 2018 to July 2020. The patient demographics, the original etiology, surgical procedures, implant types, and follow-up interval were recorded. The primary outcome was the long-term coverage of the supra-brow island flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle, and the post-surgical complications and management were secondary outcomes.

Results

28 eyes of 28 patients had functional results and satisfactory cosmetic outcomes at final follow up(range, 9–29 months). Among the other 4 patients, the recurrence of exposure was recorded during the follow-up, two of these patients successfully underwent dermis fat grafts(DFGs), one recovered after conservative treatment, and one refused treatment.

Conclusions

The supra-brow island flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle is a technique available to manage orbital implant exposure when other simpler and more direct techniques have been tried and failed.

Precis

A new flap for orbital implant exposure
Dialogical self on the slope: An analysis of family dynamics on skis
Authors: Geberth Lisa-Marie
Published: December 2022

Cultural organization of action leads to dialogical resolutions to situated activity contexts. Teaching children to descend Alpine skiing slopes is the context selected to analyze such dialogicality. Dialogical Self Theory is a fitting framework for investigation of the meaningful actions in the teaching-learning settings. The skiing context brings a unique scenery and extreme conditions, where I-positions can be observed in a setting, where humans are in motion. The outdoor and activity context is a novelty for DST. Dynamic aspects of I-Positions and their interchange will become evident. As a result, there should be a focus on moving humans in future research. A family consisting of the parents, two daughters and paternal grandparents is accompanied over the course of two years while teaching the children how to ski. The parents and grandparents share many key aspects of their I-positions, which leads to a harmonic family dynamic. Ambivalences were found in the mother’s I-positions which mainly focus about the topic of being a good parent.
Nordic paradox in action: The complicated relation between social mobility and health inequalities in an international comparative study
Authors: Consolazio David , Sarti Simone , Terraneo Marco
Published: December 2022

Aims:

Socio-economic inequalities originate from several channels, one of which is family origins, with clear effects on people’s health. This paper aims to evaluate the role played by social mobility in determining health inequalities, relying on Blau and Duncan’s status attainment model and focusing specifically on two moments of social reproduction of inequalities: one inter-generational, based on the transmission of resources from the family of origin, the other intra-generational, related to the capitalisation of economic resources to maximise well-being.

Methods:

Multi-group models of structural equations were used to examine the direct and indirect effects of parental cultural background, education and economic conditions of respondents on self-perceived health in 28 countries, relying on the European Social Survey ( N=38,879).

Results:

Overall, the results confirmed the presence of an inter-generational transmission of social and health status. Different models of transmission of health inequalities emerged among the countries considered. Countries characterised by a social democratic welfare regime showed higher social mobility and fewer health inequalities, although in correspondence with a prominent role of economic factors in determining health conditions. On the other hand, in countries where social mobility is lower, health inequalities are more pronounced, yet driven by factors others than economics, such as socio-cultural origins.

Conclusions:

The presence of a higher economic-health gradient in social democratic countries – notwithstanding their egalitarian and universal welfare policies – provides support for the existence of a Nordic paradox in relation to health inequalities.
A neo-institutional analysis of social protection: Insights from Indonesia
Authors: Sutiyo Sutiyo
Published: December 2022

Inaccurate distribution is one of the major problems of social protection programs in developing countries. Program implementation experiences difficulties at the local level, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aims to explain the institution of social protection programs in Indonesia and identify the deficiencies and ways to improve it in other developing countries. It analogically describes the institution as a phenomenon of ‘square peg for round hole’ to represent the mismatch between the state program design with local social constraints and the cultural-cognitive of the implementers. The result showed that complementing decentralization to the existing institution can overcome the problems. This study helped fill the void in understanding the crisis, which led to changing the implementation, thereby paving a way to revise the macro policy and improve the institution.
Tacrolimus Formulation, Exposure Variability, and Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lai Elaine F. , Nguyen Huong Thao , Famure Olusegun , Li Yanhong , Kim S. Joseph
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Few studies have compared within-patient variability measures of tacrolimus trough levels by formulation and assessed within-patient variability on outcomes of kidney transplant recipients.

Research Questions

(1) To compare within-patient variability of trough levels when converting from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus using standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and intrapatient variability percent. (2) To use the 3 measures of variability to examine the relationship between tacrolimus once-daily within-patient variability and total graft failure (i.e., return to chronic dialysis, pre-emptive retransplant, death with graft function).

Design

In this observational cohort study, within-patient variability of trough levels pre- and post-conversion from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Graft outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

In 463 patients, within-patient variability differences pre- and post-conversion of median standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and intrapatient variability percent were −0.16 ( P = 0.09), −0.01 ( P = 0.52), and −1.41 ( P = 0.32), respectively. Post-conversion, every 1 unit increase in within-patient variability standard deviation and intrapatient variability percent and every 0.1 unit increase in the coefficient of variation was associated with an increased hazard ratio [1.19 ( P = 0.004), 1.02 ( P = 0.030), 1.13 ( P = 0.001), respectively] of total graft failure. Post-conversion, within-patient variability above cohort medians using standard deviation and coefficient of variation had a significantly higher risk of total graft failure.

Discussion

Under a program-wide conversion, no significant difference was observed in within-patient variability post-conversion from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus using the three measures of variability. High within-patient variability was associated with adverse transplant outcomes post-conversion.
Exploring the hybridization from policy learning on the forest-certification schemes in China
Authors: Hsieh Chu-Chien
Published: December 2022

The policy of forest certification in China is a collaborative tactic for environmental entities to influence local politics based on the declaration of a national “Five-Year Plan” by President Xi Jin-Ping in the 2010s. This is due to the homogeneous impact led by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to hybridize Chinese forestry management with organizational autonomy, policy participation, and power-sharing. While the Chinese public agencies learned professional knowledge and institutions from the IOs, they also required the FSC to embrace the Chinese characteristics of local politics, standards, and the legitimacy of international principles. Two findings from the research are revealing: First, the FSC and IO’s central role of civil empowerment enhanced the China’s power-sharing with local stakeholders for cultivating the China certification scheme; second, the FSC’s principle modification embraced the Chinese characteristics to reform the policy hybridization mechanism under the political culture of Administrative Absorption of Society. The innovative purpose of this research is to employ the homogeneous and heterogeneous dimensions to explore the influential factors of policy hybridization from a network perspective.
State prediction of MR system by VMD-GRNN based on fractal dimension
Authors: Yi-ze Chen , Qing-tang Chen
Published: December 2022

Taking the test signals of magneto-rheological vibration system under different states as research objects, four Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) prediction algorithms, based on time series, time series Auto-Regressive (AR) model coefficients, time series box dimensions, and Variational Modal Decomposition (VMD) box dimensions, are designed. Moreover, four Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN)comparative prediction algorithms, based on the four previous parameters, are also designed. These eight algorithms are applied to predict vibration damping efficiency of the system. The prediction results show that, compared to the BPNN prediction algorithm, the corresponding four GRNN prediction algorithms have the advantages of strong self-learning ability, fast convergence speed, high prediction accuracy, and stable prediction results. Among the eight prediction algorithms, the GRNN prediction algorithm, based on VMD box dimension, forecasts the results with good stability, better self-learning ability, and higher computing speed, which can maximize the prediction accuracy of the system, the minimum prediction error can reach 1.9049% when the parameters K =  4, N = 33, and Spread = 0.601. To sum up, through parameter optimization, the optimal parameter combination scheme of GRNN prediction algorithm, based on VMD box dimension, is obtained, and the best prediction effect is achieved.
Polysorbate 80 blocked a peripheral sodium channel, Nav1.7, and reduced neuronal excitability
Authors: Kim Ryeong-Eun , Choi Jin-Sung
Published: December 2022

Polysorbate 80 is a non-ionic detergent derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and oleic acid. It is widely used in pharmaceuticals, foods, and cosmetics as an emulsifier. Nav1.7 is a peripheral sodium channel that is highly expressed in sympathetic and sensory neurons, and it plays a critical role in determining the threshold of action potentials (APs). We found that 10 μg/mL polysorbate 80 either abolished APs or increased the threshold of the APs of dorsal root ganglions. We thus investigated whether polysorbate 80 inhibits Nav1.7 sodium current using a whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique. Polysorbate 80 decreased the Nav1.7 current in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 250.4 μg/mL at a holding potential of −120 mV. However, the IC50 was 1.1 μg/mL at a holding potential of −90 mV and was estimated to be 0.9 μg/mL at the resting potentials of neurons, where most channels are inactivated. The activation rate and the voltage dependency of activation of Nav1.7 were not changed by polysorbate 80. However, polysorbate 80 caused hyperpolarizing shifts in the voltage dependency of the steady-state fast inactivation curve. The blocking of Nav1.7 currents by polysorbate 80 was not reversible at a holding potential of −90 mV but was completely reversible at −120 mV, where the channels were mostly in the closed state. Polysorbate 80 also slowed recovery from inactivation and induced robust use-dependent inhibition, indicating that it is likely to bind to and stabilize the inactivated state. Our results indicate that polysorbate 80 inhibits Nav1.7 current in concentration-, state-, and use-dependent manners when used even below commercial concentrations. This suggests that polysorbate 80 may be helpful in pain medicine as an excipient. In addition, in vitro experiments using polysorbate 80 with neurons should be conducted with caution.