bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual field impairment predicts recurrent stroke after acute posterior circulation stroke and transient ischemic attack
Authors: Deng Yi‐Ming , Chen Duan‐Duan , Wang Lu‐Yao , Gao Feng , Sun Xuan , Liu Lian , Lei Kun , Wang Shu‐Ran , Mo Da‐Peng , Ma Ning , Song Li‐Gang , Huo Xiao‐Chuan , Xu Xiao‐Tong , Yan Tian‐Yi , Miao Zhong‐Rong
Published: January 2018

Aims

To evaluate whether visual field impairment (VFI) can predict stroke recurrence in patients with vertebral‐basilar (VB) stroke.

Methods

A total of 326 patients were eligible for a VFI evaluation within 1 week of stroke onset. One‐year follow‐up data were obtained after VB stroke and other vascular events. All predictors were determined using Cox regression models.

Results

The overall incidence of recurrent VB stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) was 29% (n = 92). After multivariate adjustment, severe and moderate VFI were predictors of recurrent VB stroke and TIA.

Conclusions

VFI is an independent predictor of recurrent VB stroke and TIA.
THE CREDIT‐CHANNEL TRANSMISSION MECHANISM AND THE NONLINEAR GROWTH AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF INFLATION AND TAXES
Authors: Chen Shu‐Hua
Published: January 2018

With the credit‐channel effect driven by the central bank's open market operations, this paper's model easily gives rise to the nonlinear inflation‐growth nexus, which is evidenced by a number of cross‐country empirical studies. The threshold level of the inflation rate is found to be lower when tax rates are higher. The presence of the credit‐channel effect also provides the rationale for setting positive (and smaller than 1) tax rates on consumption, labor income, and capital income. The optimal tax rates rise as the inflation target declines. Under a fiscal policy rule where labor and capital income taxes move proportionally to each other, the optimal capital income tax rate could be higher than the optimal labor income tax rate. Under a sufficiently large central bank balance sheet, the credit‐channel effect will be so weak that inflation and all kinds of taxes are growth and welfare repressing. This provides a rationale for central banks that have implemented quantitative easing policies to shrink their balance sheets. (JEL E58, E62, O42)
Differentiation measures for conservation genetics
Authors: Jost Lou , Archer Frederick , Flanagan Sarah , Gaggiotti Oscar , Hoban Sean , Latch Emily
Published: January 2018

We compare the two main classes of measures of population structure in genetics: (i) fixation measures such as FST, GST, and θ and (ii) allelic differentiation measures such as Jost's D and entropy differentiation. These two groups of measures quantify complementary aspects of population structure, which have no necessary relationship with each other. We focus especially on empirical aspects of population structure relevant to conservation analyses. At the empirical level, the first set of measures quantify nearness to fixation, while the second set of measures quantify relative degree of allelic differentiation. The two sets of measures do not compete with each other. Fixation measures are often misinterpreted as measures of allelic differentiation in conservation applications; we give examples and theoretical explanations showing why this interpretation can mislead. This misinterpretation has led to the mistaken belief that the absolute number of migrants determines allelic differentiation between demes when mutation rate is low; we show that in the finite island model, the absolute number of migrants determines nearness to fixation, not allelic differentiation. We show that a different quantity, the factor that controls Jost's D, is a good predictor of the evolution of the actual genetic divergence between demes at equilibrium in this model. We also show that when conservation decisions require judgments about differences in genetic composition between demes, allelic differentiation measures should be used instead of fixation measures. Allelic differentiation of fast‐mutating markers can be used to rank pairs or sets of demes according to their differentiation, but the allelic differentiation at coding loci of interest should be directly measured in order to judge its actual magnitude at these loci.
Costs of acquiring phosphorus by vascular land plants: patterns and implications for plant coexistence
Authors: Raven John A. , Lambers Hans , Smith Sally E. , Westoby Mark
Published: January 2018

Content

Summary
1420

I.
Introduction
1421

II.
Root adaptations that influence P acquisition
1422

III.
Costs of P acquisition: general
1423

IV.
Costs of P acquisition that are independent of soil P concentrations
1423

V.
Costs of P acquisition that increase as soil P concentrations decline
1424

VI.
Discussion and conclusions
1424

Acknowledgements
1425

References
1425

We compare carbon (and hence energy) costs of the different modes of phosphorus (P) acquisition by vascular land plants. Phosphorus‐acquisition modes are considered to be mechanisms of plants together with their root symbionts and structures such as cluster roots involved in mobilising or absorbing P. Phosphorus sources considered are soluble and insoluble inorganic and organic pools. Costs include operating the P‐acquisition mechanisms, and resource requirements to construct and maintain them. For most modes, costs increase as the relevant soil P concentration declines. Costs can thus be divided into a component incurred irrespective of soil P concentration, and a component describing how quickly costs increase as the soil P concentration declines. Differences in sensitivity of costs to soil P concentration arise mainly from how economically mycorrhizal fungal hyphae or roots that explore the soil volume are constructed, and from costs of exudates that hydrolyse or mobilise insoluble P forms. In general, modes of acquisition requiring least carbon at high soil P concentrations experience a steeper increase in costs as soil P concentrations decline. The relationships between costs and concentrations suggest some reasons why different modes coexist, and why the mixture of acquisition modes differs between sites.
Political Economy, Civic Virtue, and the Subjective World of the Elite, 1780–1825
Authors: SCHÖNLE ANDREAS
Published: January 2018

It is well know that political economy became a fashionable discipline at the beginning of the nineteenth century in Russia, both in academic and government circles. Yet little has been written about the broader impact of political economy on the nobility, especially the upper nobility, which after all assumed important economic functions through the management of its vast estates. To explore this impact and shed light in particular on its subjective, identity‐forming dimensions, this article proposes a close analysis of three case studies, two members of the elite, Princess Natal'ia Petrovna Golitsyna and Prince Ivan Ivanovich Bariatinskii, and a member of the middling nobility, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Bakunin. The choice of these figures was dictated by the availability of archival records illustrating their subjective world. The study documents not only the engagement of these three protagonists with political economy, but also the internal contradictions that emerged as a result of it. While none of them lived up to the promise of progressive reform inherent in their interest in political economy, they experienced both objective and subjective tensions as exposure to political economy exacerbated contradictions between social norms, the pursuit of economic rationality, psychological aspirations for autonomy, and moral concern for serfs. None managed to reconcile their patriarchal identity as serf owners with the emerging notion that only self‐interest and the security of property can truly incentivize industriousness and productivity, yet political economy encouraged unconventional behavior and unsettled their subjective identity, putting into motion a process that eventually led to a fundamental questioning of the moral aspects of property (and serf) ownership.
Sino‐Soviet Confessions: Authority, Agency, and Autobiography in Sergei Tret'iakov's Den Shi‐khua
Authors: TYERMAN EDWARD
Published: January 2018

This article investigates Soviet factography's relationship to its historical context through a reading of Sergei s Den Shi‐khua: A Bio‐interview. Tret'iakov composed this biographical narrative on the basis of a series of interviews he conducted in 1926–27 with a student at Sun Yat‐sen University in Moscow. Critical readers tend to juxtapose Den Shi‐khua to the realist novel, the object of Tret'iakov's explicit polemics in the late 1920s. However, the framing of the text calls to mind another parallel in contemporary life writing: the autobiographical accounts of the self demanded for participation in Soviet institutions, from Party membership to university application. Under the influence of Michel Foucault, recent studies on the formation of Soviet subjectivity have interpreted these autobiographical practices as a “hermeneutics of the self” that sought to read the inner disposition of individuals towards the Revolution. Tret'iakov invokes these hermeneutic practices in his introduction, framing the interview process as a form of confession that compels Den to produce his life story in accordance with authoritative Soviet norms. This confessional hierarchy of power resounds with the political context that brought Tret'iakov and his interlocutor together: the attempts by Soviet Russia to shape and control the revolutionary trajectory of Nationalist China in the 1920s. Ultimately, however, this hierarchical relationship collapses when the book's conclusion suggests that Den may have concealed the truth about himself. The power of Soviet narrative norms is undermined, but the bio‐interview emerges as a mode of truth production that remains contingent and refrains from final judgement.
Vladislav Khodasevich in the Emigration: Literature and the Search for Identity
Authors: USPENSKIJ PAVEL
Published: January 2018

Vladislav Khodasevich's literary activity in emigration (1922–39) may be described as a search for a new identity. Khodasevich's departure abroad induced a powerful self‐image crisis and resulted in the trauma of emigration, which silenced him as a poet. In his attempt to move past this creative crisis, he turned to the biographies of Gavrila Derzhavin and Aleksandr Pushkin. In writing the biographical narratives of the two great poets, Khodasevich projected episodes of his own biography onto the two classic writers and identified with them in his attempt to conquer his own creative crisis. Nevertheless, the trauma of emigration turned out to be the stronger element, and neither of his attempts to identify with the two classical authors was successful: having completed Derzhavin's biography, Khodasevich began to identify instead with the tragi‐comic poet Lebiadkin, a character from Dostoevsky's The Possessed, about whose verses Khodasevich wrote an article. Then, having finished several chapters of Pushkin's biography, he conceived of a literary mystification, which he completed several years later–“The Life of Vasilii Travnikov.” This mystification reflected Khodasevich's traumatic identity: Khodasevich attributed his own world view and several episodes from his own life to its main character. This article examines in detail the mechanisms Khodasevich used to search for a new identity in the emigration, a search that in Khodasevich's case was not crowned with success.
The novel null allele, HLA‐B*40:338N, was identified in a Chinese leukemia patient
Authors: He J. , Dong L.‐N. , Wang F. , Wang W. , Zhu F.‐M.
Published: January 2018

HLA‐B*40:338N differs from HLA‐B*40:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 843C>A.
Perceptual and Motor Components at Young Football Players
Authors: Bozkurt Sinan
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine some perceptual and motor components level of young football players and to investigate the relationships between perceptual and motor components. Thirty-eight (38) selected football players from different division of Turkey whose mean age was 13.50±.42 years, height 150.00±5.60 cm and body weight 40.00±4.75 kg were tested as voluntarily in this study. This study was conducted in the Riva Orhan Saka Facility of the Turkish Football Federation. The findings indicated that statistically significant relations were observed between visual reaction time and anticipation time and also between sit-ups and sprint time, reaction time and agility times. On the other hands, there is no significant relation was found in other parameters.These findings may be useful for trainer and physical education teachers in the selection process and talent identification and preparing sport education programs.
Comparison of Satisfaction of Body Parts and the Success Levels of the Teams That Participated in Universities Handball 2nd League Competitions
Authors: Dinç Zeynep F. , Dikici Kamil , Özdemir İlknur
Published: January 2018

The study was conducted to determine and compare the satisfaction levels of the students participating in the Universities 2nd Handball League competitions on body parts and body features and the success of their teams. The study group consisted of n=213 (111 female, 102 male) students between 18-24 years of age who participated in 2016-2017 Universities 2nd Handball League competitions (8 Female Teams, 8 Male Teams). The “Body Parts and Body Features Satisfaction Scale” was used as the measurement tool. There are 26 items for women and 27 items for men in this scale. The One-Way Variance Analysis and Tukey Test were used in the comparison of the satisfaction scores of the male handball players from their body parts with the success levels in competitions, and the Kruskal Wallis Test and Mann Whitney U-Test were used in female participants.According to the satisfaction from body parts and features average scores, the differences between the male and female teams were found to be statistically significant (p<0,05). These differences were detected in İbrahim Çeçen, Erzincan and Doğu Akdeniz University teams in men; and in Atatürk, Sütçü İmam and Erciyes University teams in women.As a result, although there was a statistically significant difference between the average satisfaction scores of the teams, which were the 1st and the last in the tournament, in terms of body parts and features, it was also determined that this situation was not influential on the success rating of the teams.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: January 2018

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this special issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 13 Berna Karakoç, Kilis 7 Aralık University, TurkeyBerna Karakoc, TurkeyCengiz Taskin, TurkeyCevdet Cengiz, TurkeyEnisa Mede, Bahcesehir University, TurkeyFethi Kayalar, Erzincan University, TurkeyHatice Irem Ozteke Kozan, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeyIbrahim Can, TurkeyM. Fatih Karahuseyinoglu, Firat Universitesi, TurkeyMehmet Fatih Karahüseyinoğlu, Firat University, TurkeyYerlan Seisenbekov, Kazakh National Pedagogical University, KazakhstanZachary Wahl-Alexander, Northern Illinois University, USA                 Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
The depalmitoylase APT1 directs the asymmetric partitioning of Notch and Wnt signaling during cell division
Authors: Stypulkowski Ewa , Asangani Irfan A. , Witze Eric S.
Published: January 2018

Palmitoylation-dependent asymmetric partitioning of cell fate determinants correlates with tumor cell heterogeneity.
Blockade of TNFR2 signaling enhances the immunotherapeutic effect of CpG ODN in a mouse model of colon cancer
Authors: Nie Yingjie , He Jiang , Shirota Hidekazu , Trivett Anna L. , Yang De , Klinman Dennis M. , Oppenheim Joost J. , Chen Xin
Published: January 2018

Blocking the tumor necrosis factor receptor TNFR2 enhances cancer immunotherapy by selectively suppressing tumor-associated regulatory T cells.
Urban QKD test for phase and polarization encoding devices
Authors: Kanapin Alan , Duplinskiy Alexander , Sokolov Alexander , Vorobey Sergey , Miller Alexander , Kurochkin Vladimir , Kurochkin Yury
Published: January 2018

In this work, the results of quantum key distribution through an urban fiber communication line with a length of 30.6[Formula: see text]km and losses of 11.7[Formula: see text]dB, obtained by both phase and polarization encoding-based devices, are presented. For phase encoding, a two-pass auto-compensating optical scheme, commonly called “plug&play”, was used. For polarization encoding, a self-developed unconventional optical scheme was made. A continuous key distribution with a sifted key generation rate of 1.0[Formula: see text]kbit/s and a quantum bit error rate of 5.7% was implemented when using “plug&play” device, whereas 0.1[Formula: see text]kbit/s and 5.5% was observed when using one with polarization encoding. The features and conveniences of both implementations are discussed.
Thyroid Storm Triggered by Strangulation in a Patient with Undiagnosed Graves’ Disease
Authors: Conte Jorge I. , Arosemena Marilyn A. , Kapoor Kunal , Dempsey Naomi G. , Zaleski Megan L. , Kargi Atil Y.
Published: January 2018

Thyroid storm is the life-threatening end-organ manifestation of severe thyrotoxicosis. If left untreated, thyroid storm may cause acute heart failure, multiorgan dysfunction, and death. A high degree of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis and start antithyroid medications to decrease mortality. Thyroid storm is generally seen in patients with Graves’ disease but should also be suspected in patients with fever, tachycardia, altered mental status, and risk factors including local trauma to the neck, such as strangulation. Based on our review, we report the first case of thyroid storm after strangulation as the presentation of previously undiagnosed Graves’ disease.
On Fourth-Order Elliptic Equations of Kirchhoff Type with Dependence on the Gradient and the Laplacian
Authors: Ru Yuanfang , Wang Fanglei , Wang Yunhai , An Tianqing
Published: January 2018

We consider a nonlocal fourth-order elliptic equation of Kirchhoff type with dependence on the gradient and Laplacian Δ2u-a+b∫Ω∇u2dxΔu=fx,u,∇u,Δu, in Ω, u=0, Δu=0, on ∂Ω, where a, b are positive constants. We will show that there exists b⁎>0 such that the problem has a nontrivial solution for 0<b<b⁎ through an iterative method based on the mountain pass lemma and truncation method developed by De Figueiredo et al., 2004.
Review of the leafhopper genus Penthimia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent with description of seven new species
Authors: SHOBHARANI M. , VIRAKTAMATH C.A. , WEBB M.D.
Published: January 2018

Species of the leafhopper genus Penthimia Germar known from the Indian subcontinent are reviewed based on the examination of type specimens. Seven new species of the genus, Penthimia curvata sp. nov. (Karnataka: Bandipur), P. meghalayensis sp. nov. (Meghalaya: Nangpoh), P. neoattenuata sp. nov. (India: Tamil Nadu), P. ribhoi sp. nov. (India: Meghalaya), P. sahyadrica sp. nov. (Karnataka: Dharmasthala, Agumbe; Kerala: Thekkady), P. spiculata sp. nov. (Karnataka: Nagarahole) and P. tumida sp. nov. (Tamil Nadu: Ootacamund; Kerala: Munnar) are described. The following nomenclatorial changes are proposed: Penthimia alba Zahniser, McKamey & Dmitriev, 2012 (replacement name for P. thoracica Distant, 1918, nec Panzer, 1799), syn. nov. of P. quadrinotata Distant, 1918; Neodartus scutellatus Distant, 1908 syn. nov. of Penthimia ereba Distant 1908; P. nilgiriensis Distant, 1918 syn. nov. of P. montana Distant, 1918; P. scutellata (Distant) comb. nov. (from genus Neodartus); a lectotype is designated for P. maculosa Distant, stat. revived, thereby removing its synonymy with P. scapularis Distant. The following other lectotypes are designated: P. attenuata Distant, P. subniger Distant, P. scapularis Distant, P. distanti Baker, P. ereba Distant, N. scutellatus Distant, P. fraterna Distant, P. funebris Distant, P. juno Distant, P. maculosa Distant, P. montana Distant, P. noctua Distant, P. quadrinotata Distant, P. alba Zahniser, McKamey & Dmitriev. Examination of types of Penthimia rufopunctata Motschulsky revealed that it belongs to Penthimia and hence it is transferred back to that genus from Neodartus, revised placement. The following species previously included in the genus Penthimia are transferred to the genera Tambila Distant and Vulturnus Kirkaldy: Tambila badia (Distant) comb. nov., T. majuscula (Distant) comb. nov., T. vittatifrons (Distant) comb. nov., T. variabilis (Distant) comb. nov. and Vulturnus flavocapitata (Distant) comb. nov. Three species are treated in a new Penthimia compacta Walker complex, i.e., Penthimia compacta Walker 1851, Penthimia subniger Distant 1908 and Penthimia scapularis Distant 1908. All taxa are described and a key to Penthimiini genera found in the subcontinent and also a key to species of Penthimia are included.
Distribution of the longhorned beetle Callipogon relictus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Northeast Asia
Authors: YI DAE-AM , KUPRIN ALEXANDER V. , BAE YEON JAE
Published: January 2018

The distribution of the longhorned beetle Callipogon (Eoxenus) relictus Semenov, 1899 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Northeast Asia was summarized for the first time, based on the examination of comprehensive material. Callipogon relictus is the only representative of the genus Callipogon in the Palearctic region. Its distribution ranges from Shanxi province (China) in the south, northward through the Korean Peninsula to Amur Oblast (Russia), and from Inner Mongolia (China) in the west to the coastal area of the Russian Far East.
Redescription of Austrothelphusa wasselli (Bishop, 1963) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae), and designation of a new species from the Gilbert River, north Queensland, Australia
Authors: NASER MURTADA D. , DAVIE PETER J. F. , WALTHAM NATHAN J.
Published: January 2018

A new species of freshwater crab, Austrothelphusa gilbertensis, is described from Gilbert River Catchment, north-western Queensland. It is morphologically most similar to A. wasselli Bishop, 1963, described from the eastward flowing Stewart Drainage Basin, much further to the north-east on Cape York. It differs from A. wasselli by several morphological characters including, better defined gastro-cardiac carapace grooves, cervical groove relatively deeper, postfrontal lobes more prominent and bearing striated crests, larger and fewer spots on carapace and legs, epibranchial tooth more prominent, walking legs more slender, and G1 more strongly curved. A CO1 genetic divergence of greater than 6% confirms its novel status. Intraspecific CO1 divergence within catchments is also discussed.
Вопрос дворянства в литовском национальном дискурсе: на примере периодического издания «Litwa» (1908–1914)
Authors: Мастяница-Станкевич [Mastianica-Stankevič] Ольга [Olga]
Published: January 2018

The question of gentry and the Lithuanian national project: the example of the newspaper Litwa (1908–1914)At the end of the 19th and beginning of 20th centuries some national movements in the Eastern and Central Europe actualized the question of how to include the gentry into the process of the formation of modern nations. Similar initiatives were taken in Lithuania. During 1908–1914 in Vilnius, a highborn poet and publicist Mečislovas Davainis‑Silvestraitis (Mieczysław Dowojna-Sylwestrowicz, 1849–1919) also edited a periodical Litwa in Polish, which was aimed to welcome gentry into the Lithuanian national movement.Lithuanian and Polish historians who studied the relations between Lithuanian national movement and gentry, in general dealt with two questions, namely: how Polonization of the gentry evolved the issue and why major part of the gentry did not participate in the Lithuanian national movement. Otherwise, the question was the attitude of the ideologists of Lithuanian national movement had towards the gentry at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century in academic works. In this article, after using for research the ideological basement of Litwa that is to welcome gentry to Lithuanian national movement, three questions are studied: the attitude to that question of different Lithuanian parties and political groups during this period, circumstances that caused changes of these attitudes and the role in this process of returning gentry to Lithuanian nation played by the periodical Litwa. Kwestia szlachecka a narodowy projekt litewski: na przykładzie pisma „Litwa” (1908–1914)Pod koniec XIX i na początku XX w. niektóre ruchy narodowe w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej zajęły się kwestią włączenia się szlachty do procesu kształtowania nowoczesnych narodów. Podobne inicjatywy podjęto na Litwie. W latach 1908–1914 szlachetnie urodzony poeta i publicysta Mieczysław Dowojno-Sylwestrowicz (Mečislovas Davainis- Silvestraitis, 1849–1919) wydawał w języku polskim w Wilnie czasopismo „Litwa”, które dążyło do włączenia szlachty do litewskiego ruchu odrodzenia narodowego.Historycy litewscy i polscy, którzy badali powiązania między litewskim ruchem odrodzenia narodowego a szlachtą, zasadniczo zajmowali się dwiema kwestiami: zagadnieniem polonizacji szlachty i pytaniem, dlaczego większa część szlachty nie uczestniczyła w litewskim ruchu narodowym. Z drugiej strony w opracowaniach naukowych analizowano postawę ideologów litewskiego ruchu odrodzenia narodowego wobec szlachty pod koniec XIX i na początku XX w. W tym artykule, po zbadaniu ideologicznych podstaw pisma „Litwa”, dzięki którym miała się otworzyć droga dla szlachty do udziału w litewskim ruchu odrodzenia narodowego, omówiono trzy zagadnienia: stosunek do tej kwestii różnych partii litewskich i ugrupowań politycznych w omawianym okresie, okoliczności, które spowodowały przemiany tego stosunku, oraz rolę czasopisma „Litwa” w procesie „powrotu szlachty do narodu litewskiego”.
Dynamika kształtowania się struktury narodowościowej Białorusi po II wojnie światowej
Authors: Mironowicz Eugeniusz
Published: January 2018

The dynamics of development of the ethnic structure of Belarus after World War IIDuring the Second World War, Belarus lost more than 1.5 million inhabitants. In 1944–1946, as part of the repatriation process, 226,000 Poles left for Poland. With the construction industry in Belarus, deploying units of the Red Army and the creation of the Soviet system of government, to Belarus poured in hundreds of thousands of Russians and dozens of thousands of Ukrainians. At the same time, the Soviet authorities pursue policies conducive to resettlement Belarusians to other republics, especially to Russia. Widespread census was held every 10 years since 1959. It shows a systematic process of strengthening the Russian factor in the ethnic structure of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. This was accompanied by assimilation in Russian culture of the Belarusian youth, expelling from the countryside to the cities. The creation of the independent Belarusian state after the collapse of the Soviet Union reversed these trends. The percentage of people declaring Russian nationality, but also Jewish, Ukrainian and Polish, began to rapidly decline in the ethnic structure. This was accompanied, however, by a stronger presence of the Russian language, both in the public and private life of people in Belarus. Dynamika kształtowania się struktury narodowościowej Białorusi po II wojnie światowejW czasie II wojny światowej Białoruś utraciła ponad 1,5 mln mieszkańców. W latach 1944–1946 w ramach akcji repatriacyjnej do Polski wyjechało 226 tys. Polaków. Wraz z budową przemysłu na Białorusi, rozmieszczaniem jednostek Armii Czerwonej i tworzeniem radzieckiego systemu władzy do Białorusi napływały setki tysięcy Rosjan i dziesiątki tysięcy Ukraińców. Jednocześnie władze radzieckie prowadziły politykę sprzyjającą przesiedlaniu Białorusinów do innych republik, a zwłaszcza do Rosji. Powszechne spisy ludności organizowane co 10 lat od 1959 r. dość dobrze pokazują proces systematycznego umacniania czynnika rosyjskiego w strukturze narodowościowej Białoruskiej Socjalistycznej Republiki Radzieckiej. Towarzyszyła temu asymilacja białoruskiej młodzieży, przesiedlającej się ze wsi do miast, w kulturze rosyjskiej. Powstanie niepodległego państwa białoruskiego po rozpadzie ZSRR odwróciło te tendencje. Odsetek osób deklarujących narodowość rosyjską, ale także żydowską, ukraińską i polską w strukturze narodowościowej zaczął się szybko zmniejszać. Towarzyszyło temu jednak umacnianie obecności języka rosyjskiego zarówno w przestrzeni publicznej, jak w życiu prywatnym mieszkańców Białorusi.
Урбананімічны дыскурс у постсавецкай Беларусі
Authors: Гардзееў [Gordziejew] Юры [Jerzy]
Published: January 2018

Urbanonymic discourse in the post-Soviet BelarusThis article attempts to analyze the current state of the Belarusian urban namespace. This toponymic study covers selected Belarusian cities and shows the clash of different discourses and strategies of social memory. Since the mid-nineteenth century state authorities intervened with urban place naming and created a symbolic space of the Belarusian city. During the 20th century names of urban objects were replaced completely. The aim of the paper is to discuss different approaches to the policy of urban place names.Characteristic motivational-semantic features of Belarusian urbanonymic design of the last 25 years are in coexistence with different semantic types, predominance of Soviet street names to the detriment of Belarusian. Thus it should be noted that the policies of current authorities seek to preserve Soviet toponimical heritage. Therefore street names still reflect historical figures and values of Soviet history.On the other hand the formation of the urbanonyms of Belarusian connotation is connected not so much with the decommunization of the urban landscape, but with the process of nomination of streets arising mainly for newly established streets in new districts in the outskirts of towns. No doubt, the only exception is Maladzechna where in the 1990s urban toponymy space had been decommunized.Finally, the article discusses numerous examples of Belarusian toponymic activism.  Dyskurs urbanonimiczny na postsowieckiej BiałorusiArtykuł stanowi próbę zarysowania problematyki współczesnego stanu białoruskiego systemu urbanonimicznego. Analiza zbiorów toponimicznych wybranych miast białoruskich ukazuje zderzenie różnych dyskursów i strategii pamięci społecznej. Głównym aktorem, który od połowy XIX w. przez praktyki upamiętniające kreuje przestrzeń symboliczną białoruskiego miasta, jest instytucja państwa. W XX w. pod wpływem czynników pozalingwistycznych nasiliła się tendencja przemianowania nazw realnoznaczeniowych na nazwy pamiątkowe.Ze względu na fluktuację ustrojowo-polityczną ostatnich dwudziestu pięciu lat miejską przestrzeń nazewniczą cechuje nakładanie się odmiennych pod względem semantycznym zbiorów nazw ulicznych, dominacja radzieckiej spuścizny toponimicznej, wynikająca z priorytetów aksjologicznych obecnych władz.Z kolei pojawienie się nazw o białoruskiej konotacji ma związek nie tyle z procesem dekomunizacji przestrzeni miejskiej, ile z procesem nominacji ulic, powstających przeważnie w nowych dzielnicach. Jedyny wyjątek stanowi zespół urbanonimiczny Mołodeczna, gdzie jeszcze na początku lat 90. XX w. dokonano dekomunizacji przestrzeni symbolicznej miasta.W artykule omówiono też zagadnienie białoruskiego aktywizmu toponimicznego.
Kształtowanie polskości na łamach „Dziennika Kijowskiego” w latach 1914-1916
Authors: Betlii Olena
Published: January 2018

The Shaping of Polish Identity in the “Dziennik Kijowski” in 1914-1916The First World War was a real catalyst for the shaping of national identities in Eastern Europe. Like all wars, it aroused discussions about the future of peoples caught up in the conflict, especially those who did not possess their own statehood. The Polish nation was among them. How did its political elite respond to the beginning of the Great War in Europe, what was discussed and what topics raised by the Polish newspapers, how Poland’s future and Polish identity was seen and determined at that time? In this article I try to answer these questions by analyzing political, social and literary materials in the Polish daily Dziennik Kijowski published in Kyiv in 1906-1920. Based on archival sources, publications of the Dziennik, analysis of the censuses, and historiography, this publication depicts the “Polish Kyiv”, reflects on various opinions about the newspaper’s editorial policies during the war, and defines the main topics that were elaborated by the Dziennik in 1914-1916 regarding Polish identity issues. During this period the newspaper, as well as the majority of members of the Polish community in Kyiv, was loyal to the Russian authorities. At the same time, the Dziennik Kijowski constantly reminded its readers what the Polish identity meant not only by the mere fact that the newspaper was published in the Pollish language, but also by the Polish matters as the contents of its columns. Kształtowanie polskości na łamach „Dziennika Kijowskiego” w latach 1914-1916Pierwsza wojna światowa stała się prawdziwym katalizatorem kształtowania tożsamości narodowych w Europie Wschodniej. Jak każda inna wojna wywoływała ona dyskusje o przyszłości narodów wciągniętych w konflikt, zwłaszcza tych, które nie posiadały swojej państwowości. Do takich narodów wówczas należał również naród polski. W jaki sposób polskie elity polityczne zareagowały na początek Wielkiej Wojny w Europie, o czym dyskutowano i jakie tematy poruszano na łamach prasy polskiej, jak widziano przyszłość Polski i określano polskość w tym okresie? W artykule spróbowałam udzielić odpowiedzi na te pytania, analizując materiały „Dziennika Kijowskiego”, codziennego polskiego pisma politycznego, społecznego i literackiego, wychodzącego w Kijowie w latach 1906-1920. Na podstawie źródeł archiwalnych, publikacji z „Dziennika”, analizy spisów ludności, historiografii nakreśliłam wizerunek „polskiego Kijowa” i ukazałam różnorakie opinie o orientacji wydawnictwa w czasie wojny, jak również główne tematy poruszane na łamach „Dziennika” dotyczące problematyki kształtowania tożsamości polskiej w latach 1914-1916. W badanym okresie „Dziennik Kijowski”, podobnie jak większość przedstawicieli społeczności polskiej w Kijowie, był lojalny wobec władz rosyjskich. Niemniej, nie tylko poprzez język wydania, ale też przez zawartość odpowiednich rubryk ciągłe przypominał czytelnikom o tym, czym jest polskość.
A National “Struggle for Survival”? – The Badeni Crisis of 1897 in Cisleithania’s German-language Press
Authors: Jaeschke Victor
Published: January 2018

A National “Struggle for Survival”? – The Badeni Crisis of 1897 in Cisleithania’s German-language PressThis article observes the role of Cisleithania’s (i.e. the Austrian “half” of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy) Germanlanguage press in the so-called Badeni Crisis of 1897 which was triggered by the issuance of two language ordinances designed to make Czech, together with German, an equally valid language in the inner administration of the Crownlands of Bohemia and Moravia. By comparing the reporting style of two newspapers from different regions – the Viennese newspaper Neue Freie Presse and the Bohemian newspaper Prager Tagblatt – this essay explores how interpretations of this serious political crisis differed in the periphery and the centre of the Habsburg empire. The author shows that, even though the Badeni Crisis directly affected mainly German-speaking Bohemians, the reporting style of the Prager Tagblatt was less sensationalist and its choice of words less nationalistic and militaristic than the coverage of the same events by its Viennese counterpart, the Neue Freie Presse. In a second step, reasons for this surprising discrepancy are traced. Narodowa „walka o przetrwanie”? Kryzys Badeniego 1897 roku w niemieckojęzycznej prasie PrzedlitawiiArtykuł poświęcony jest roli niemieckojęzycznej prasy w Przedlitawii (czyli austriackiej „połówce” Monarchii Austro-Węgierskiej) podczas tzw. kryzysu Badeniego w 1897 roku, wywołanego przez wydanie dwujęzycznych ordynacji, co miało sprawić, że język czeski, obok niemieckiego, stanie się równorzędnym językiem wewnętrznej administracji Królestw Czech i Moraw. Poprzez porównanie sposobu przekazu informacji w ukazujących się w dwóch regionach gazetach – wiedeńskiej „Neue Freie Presse” i czeskiej „Prager Tagblatt” - autor docieka, w czym interpretacja tego poważnego kryzysu politycznego różniła się na peryferiach i w centrum imperium Habsburgów. Pokazuje, że choć kryzys Badeniego bezpośrednio dotknął przede wszystkim niemieckojęzycznych Czechów, to ton przekazu w „Prager Tagblatt” był mniej sensacyjny, mniej nacjonalistyczny i militarystyczny w doborze słownictwa, niż to miało miejsce w relacjach o tych samych wydarzeniach, które ukazywały się w wiedeńskim odpowiedniku gazety, „Neue Freie Presse”. Następnie autor prześledził powody tej zaskakującej rozbieżności.
The Portrayal of National Identity in the Films of Małgorzata Szumowska
Authors: Wójcik Grzegorz
Published: January 2018

The Portrayal of National Identity in the Films of Małgorzata SzumowskaMałgorzata Szumowska is without a doubt one of a few Polish directors who has managed to distinguish herself on the European film market. Although, Szumowska is a cosmopolitan (in Ulf Hannerz’s terms), she does not forget about her Polish origins. On the contrary, she emphasizes contemporary Polish identity of her protagonists and Polishness in itself but does it from the external perspective. In her feature films, Małgorzata Szumowska defines Polish identity, according to Antonina Kłoskowska’s theory, as a phenomenon which always exists in a specific social and cultural context. From this perspective, Polishness is constantly negotiated and renegotiated by film protagonists. The author will distinguish three categories through which the director defines Polishness, these are: cultural trauma, national character and modern Catholic religiousness. These categories will be analyzed on the basis of specific examples. An applied methodological approach relies on cultural poetics assumptions, also known as new historicism. Portret tożsamości narodowej w filmach Małgorzaty SzumowskiejNiewątpliwie Małgorzacie Szumowskiej jako jednej z niewielu polskich reżyserek udało się przebić na europejskim rynku filmowym. Chociaż Szumowska może być uznana za kosmopolitkę (w rozumieniu Ulfa Hannerza), to nie zapomina ona o swoich polskich korzeniach. Przeciwnie, w swoich filmach podkreśla zainteresowanie współczesną Polską i polskością, ale czyni to niejako z perspektywy „zewnętrznej”. Wykorzystując teorię tożsamości narodowej autorstwa Antoniny Kłoskowskiej, autor wskazuje, że Szumowska w swoich filmach fabularnych postrzega tożsamość narodową jako fenomen obecny zawsze w określonych warunkach społeczno-kulturowych. W tym ujęciu polskość jest nieustannie negocjowana i renegocjowana przez filmowych protagonistów. Autor wyróżnia trzy kategorie, poprzez które reżyserka określa polskość: traumę kulturową, charakter narodowy oraz religię katolicką, które analizuje na konkretnych filmowych przykładach. Zastosowane podejście metodologiczne wykorzystuje postulaty poetyki kulturowej zwanej również nowym historyzmem.
The temporal order of retrospective burglary and robbery criminal investigations: An exploratory ‘black box’ analysis
Authors: Fallik Seth Wyatt , Victory Danielle
Published: January 2018

In the absence of empirical knowledge, public expectations of criminal investigations have been largely informed by fictional and/or dramatised depictions of detective work. To address this issue, incident report data from 243 retrospective burglary and robbery cases were paired with self-report surveys from 40 detectives who indicated the activities and the date they performed them for each of the cases they were assigned. The results suggest that the temporal order of retrospective burglary and robbery criminal investigations is more nuanced than previously acknowledged. Policy implications and areas of future research are discussed from these findings.
Gender Differences in Emotion Explain Women’s Lower Immoral Intentions and Harsher Moral Condemnation
Authors: Ward Sarah J. , King Laura A.
Published: January 2018

Why do men view morally questionable behaviors as more permissible than women do? Five studies investigated emotional factors as explanations for gender differences in moral decision-making. In Study 1 ( N = 324), gender differences in perceptions of moral wrongness were explained by guilt and shame proneness. Studies 2a and 2b (combined N = 562) demonstrated that instructions to adopt an unemotional perspective (vs. standard instructions) led women to have higher immoral intentions, no longer lower than men’s, as they were in the control group. Studies 3 and 4 ( N = 834) showed that men expected immoral actions to result in higher positive and lower self-conscious moral emotions than women do. Study 4 ( N = 424) showed that these emotional expectancies account for gender differences in immoral intentions. Study 5 ( N = 450) showed that women—but not men—experience heightened self-conscious moral emotions and regret when recalling past transgressions done for personal gain.
Metaphors of corruption in the news media coverage of seven European countries
Authors: Bratu Roxana , Kažoka Iveta
Published: January 2018

This article explores the symbolic dimension of corruption by looking at the metaphors employed to represent this phenomenon in the media across seven different European countries (France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Romania, Slovakia and the United Kingdom) over 10 years (2004–2014). It focuses on the media practices in evoking corruption-related metaphors and shows that corruption is a complex phenomenon with unclear boundaries, represented with the use of metaphorical devices that not only illuminate but also hide some of its attributes. The article identifies and analyses the metaphors of corruption by looking at their sources and target domains, as well as unpacking the contexts in which media evoke corruption-related metaphors.
Associations Between Neurocognitive Characteristics, Treatment Outcome, and Dropout Among Aggressive Forensic Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Smeijers Danique , Bulten Erik , Buitelaar Jan , Verkes Robbert-Jan
Published: January 2018

Aggression Replacement Training (ART) is widely used to reduce aggression and is considered to be effective although there are also inconsistent results. Studies investigating the effectiveness of ART do not focus on neurocognitive characteristics. Focusing on these aspects would result in enhanced understanding of underlying mechanisms of ART. The current open uncontrolled treatment study assessed whether neurocognitive characteristics were associated with change in aggression during the social skills and anger control modules of ART among forensic psychiatric outpatients. Furthermore, differences between treatment dropouts and completers and change in these characteristics during ART were examined. A reduction of trait aggression, cognitive distortions, and social anxiety was observed. Neurocognitive characteristics were not associated with change in aggression, could not distinguish treatment completers from dropouts, and did not change after ART. It is suggested that new paradigms should be developed which take into account the social context in which these impairments appear.
Varieties of militarism: Towards a typology
Authors: Mabee Bryan , Vucetic Srdjan
Published: January 2018

Militarism – a mercurial, endlessly contested concept – is experiencing a renaissance of sorts in many corners of the social science community. In critical security studies, the concept’s purview has become increasingly limited by an abiding theoretical and analytical focus on various practices of securitization. We argue that there is a need to clarify the logic and stakes of different forms of militarism. Critical security scholars have provided valuable insights into the conditions of ‘exceptionalist militarism’. However, if we accept that militarism and the production of security are co-constitutive, then there is every reason to consider different manifestations of militarism, their historical trajectories and their interrelationships. To that end, we draw on the work of historical sociologists and articulate three more ideal types of militarism: nation-state militarism, civil society militarism and neoliberal militarism. We suggest this typology can more adequately capture key transformations of militarism in the modern period as well as inform further research on the militarism–security nexus.
Between security and military identities: The case of Israeli security experts
Authors: Grassiani Erella
Published: January 2018

The relationship between private security professionals and the military in Israel is complex. While there is growing attention to the fact that security and military actors and their activities are becoming increasingly blurred, the Israeli case shows something different. In this ground-up analysis of the relationship between private security practices and the military, I investigate its constant negotiation by private security professionals through their identification with and differentiation from the military, whereby they reconfigure the meaning of military capital. This identity work should be understood, I propose, within the strongly militarist context of Israeli society, where military capital is highly valued. I argue that actors who exit the military system feel the need to demonstrate the added value of their work in the private sector in order for it to gain value in the light of the symbolic capital given to the military. I analyse these processes as leading to a new kind of militarism, which includes security skills and ideas about professionalism. Such an approach sheds new light on the ways in which security actors can actively reconfigure the workings of military capital in and outside the nation-state and produce a different kind of militarism.
Written Accounts of Living With Epilepsy or Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures: A Thematic Comparison
Authors: Rawlings Gregg H. , Brown Ian , Stone Brendan , Reuber Markus
Published: January 2018

This study examines the subjective experience of living with epilepsy or psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) by thematically comparing individuals’ written accounts of their condition. Five key differences emerged. Theme 1: “Seizure onset” revealed differences in how individuals think about and ruminate over the possible causes of their condition. Theme 2: “Emotive tone” demonstrated that writings of those with epilepsy reflected stable emotions (no intense emotional reactions), whereas those of writers with PNES reflected anxiety and low mood. Theme 3: “Seizure symptoms” showed differences in the conceptualization of seizures. Theme 4: “Treatment” explored differences in the diagnostic journey and experiences of health care professionals. Theme 5: “Daily life” revealed that those with epilepsy perceived sequelae and seizures as something that must be fought, whereas those with PNES tended to describe their seizures as a place they enter and something that has destroyed their lives. The findings have implications for treatment and management.