bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marginal benefit based optimal water allocation: case of Teesta River, Bangladesh
Authors: Mullick Md. Reaz Akter , Babel Mukand S. , Perret Sylvain R.
Published: October 2013

This article describes a hydrologic–economic optimization model for allocating available river flow between competing off- and in-stream demands, based on the marginal benefits (MBs) of sectoral water uses in a segment of the Teesta River in Bangladesh. Irrigation, capture fishery and navigation are the main direct water uses considered. The value of irrigation water was estimated using the residual imputation method. Losses in yield caused by lowered irrigation supply, resulting from reduced river flow, formed the basis for establishing the total and MB functions for off-stream river water use (irrigation). Total and MB functions for in-stream water use (capture fishery, navigation) were developed using field survey data of beneficiaries' income as a function of river flow. Analysis was enhanced by applying AQUARIUS, which allocates water between users to maximize consumer surplus based on MB functions. Model results show that in-stream uses could not compete with off-stream uses in the case of the Teesta, as substantial benefit was obtained from irrigation. Environmental flow to safeguard river health and in-stream use was considered to be a constraint in the optimization, which results in a sizeable reduction in irrigation benefit with a small increase in in-stream benefit. The necessary trade-offs between economic efficiency and environmental protection are depicted, providing insight into a justifiable water allocation strategy for the Teesta.
Ten fundamental questions for water resources development in the Ganges: myths and realities
Authors: Sadoff Claudia , Harshadeep Nagaraja Rao , Blackmore Donald , Wu Xun , O'Donnell Anna , Jeuland Marc , Lee Sylvia , Whittington Dale
Published: October 2013

This paper summarizes the results of the Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment (SBA), a 3-year, multi-disciplinary effort undertaken by a World Bank team in cooperation with several leading regional research institutions in South Asia. It begins to fill a crucial knowledge gap, providing an initial integrated systems perspective on the major water resources planning issues facing the Ganges basin today, including some of the most important infrastructure options that have been proposed for future development. The SBA developed a set of hydrological and economic models for the Ganges system, using modern data sources and modelling techniques to assess the impact of existing and potential new hydraulic structures on flooding, hydropower, low flows, water quality and irrigation supplies at the basin scale. It also involved repeated exchanges with policy makers and opinion makers in the basin, during which perceptions of the basin could be discussed and examined. The study's findings highlight the scale and complexity of the Ganges basin. In particular, they refute the broadly held view that upstream water storage, such as reservoirs in Nepal, can fully control basin-wide flooding. In addition, the findings suggest that such dams could potentially double low flows in the dry months. The value of doing so, however, is surprisingly unclear and similar storage volumes could likely be attained through better groundwater management. Hydropower development and trade are confirmed to hold real promise (subject to rigorous project level assessment with particular attention to sediment and seismic risks) and, in the near to medium term, create few significant tradeoffs among competing water uses. Significant uncertainties – including climate change – persist, and better data would allow the models and their results to be further refined.
Erlotinib-induced Adverse Skin Reactions
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiyuki
Published: October 2013

Erlotinib is low molecular-weight quinazolin derivatives which selectively inhibit the epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGF-R) tyrosine kinase activity of the intracellular domain, block autophosphorylation and the subsequent signaling
cascades. EGF-R is expressed on basal keratinocytes, sebocytes, the outer root sheath of hairs, and endothelial cells
in the skin, and plays important roles in the regulation of differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, attachment and migration
of keratinocytes, inflammation, and wound healing. Therefore, inhibition of EGF-R causes a number of cutaneous
adverse reactions. Among them, severe skin lesions are very stressful, and impair quality of life of patients. Moreover,
they even bring disadvantages such as drug withdrawal or interruption. Several review papers describe representative or
common skin lesions which appear either during the first a few weeks or at later phases. Common skin manifestations include
papular and pustular follicular eruptions (acneiform eruption), xerosis, paronychia, pruritus, and abnormalities of
hairs; however, other than those eruptions, several unusual lesions are also induced. Early intervention of dermatologists
and management of skin lesions are quite important, because discontinuance of the drug is unfavorable for patients with
clinical benefits for cancers. In this brief review, various cutaneous manifestations seen in Japanese patients treated with
erlotinib (Tarceva) are shown, and current management of representative severe conditions is also described.
Long-Term Outcomes of Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Biopsy-Proven Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Shimizu Miho , Furuichi Kengo , Toyama Tadashi , Kitajima Shinji , Hara Akinori , Kitagawa Kiyoki , Iwata Yasunori , Sakai Norihiko , Takamura Toshinari , Yoshimura Mitsuhiro , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Kaneko Shuichi , Wada Takashi ,   The Kanazawa Study Group for Renal Diseases and Hypertension
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the structural-functional relationships and the prognostic factors for renal events, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetic patients with biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy (n = 260) were enrolled. Patients were stratified by albuminuria (proteinuria) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the time of renal biopsy. The outcomes were the first occurrence of renal events (requirement of dialysis or a 50% decline in eGFR from baseline), cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary interventions, or nonfatal stroke), and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS

The factors associated with albuminuria (proteinuria) regardless of eGFR were hematuria, diabetic retinopathy, low hemoglobin, and glomerular lesions. The factors associated with low eGFR regardless of albuminuria (proteinuria) were age and diffuse, nodular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular lesions. The glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular lesions in patients with normoalbuminuria (normal proteinuria) and low eGFR were more advanced compared to those in patients with normoalbuminuria (normal proteinuria) and maintained eGFR. In addition, compared to patients with micro-/macroalbuminuria (mild/severe proteinuria) and low eGFR, their tubulointerstitial and vascular lesions were similar or more advanced in contrast to glomerular lesions. The mean follow-up period was 8.1 years. There were 118 renal events, 62 cardiovascular events, and 45 deaths. The pathological determinants were glomerular lesions, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), and arteriosclerosis for renal events, arteriosclerosis for cardiovascular events, and IFTA for all-cause mortality. The major clinical determinant for renal events and all-cause mortality was macroalbuminuria (severe proteinuria).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests that the characteristic pathological lesions as well as macroalbuminuria (severe proteinuria) were closely related to the long-term outcomes of biopsy-proven diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.
Acceptance of Gamesmanship and Cheating in Young Competitive Athletes in Relation to the Motivational Climate Generated by Parents and Coaches
Authors: Palou Pere , Ponseti Francisco Javier , Cruz Jaume , Vidal Josep , Cantallops Jaume , Borràs Pere Antoni , Garcia-Mas Alejandro
Published: October 2013

The goal was to assess the relation between the acceptance of using gamesmanship and cheating in sports and the type of motivational climate created by coaches and parents. The sample consisted of 110 soccer, basketball, and handball players from the Balearic Islands competition (70 boys, 40 girls; M age = 14.7 yr., SD = 2.1, range 10–19). As for the motivational climate generated by coaches, task climate was negatively related to the acceptance of gamesmanship and cheating, but ego climate was related to higher acceptance. Motivational climate generated by parents was not related to acceptance of cheating or gamesmanship.
Fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope thermometry of the Inkaya (Simav-Kütahya) Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) mineralization, NW TURKEY
Authors: Özen Yeşim , Arik Fetullah
Published: October 2013

The Inkaya Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) mineralization, located about 20 km west of the Simav (Kütahya-Turkey), is situated in the northern part of the Menderes Massif Metamorphics. The mineralization is located along an E-W trending fault in the Cambrian Simav metamorphics consisting of quartz-muscovite schist, quartz-biotite schist, muscovite schist, biotite schist and the Arıkayası formation composed of marbles. Mineralized veins are 30–35 cm in width. The primary mineralization is represented by abundant galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, fahlore and minor amounts of cerussite, anglesite, digenite, enargite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, limonite, hematite and goethite with gangue quartz.

Fluid inclusion studies on the quartz samples collected from the mineralized veins indicate that the temperature range of the fluids is 235°C to 340°C and the salinities are 0.7 to 4.49 wt. % NaCl equivalent. The wide range of homogenization temperatures indicates that two different fluid generations were trapped in quartz.

Sulfur isotope studies of the sulfide minerals showed that all of the δ 34S values are between −2.1 and 2.6 per mil. These values are a typical range for hydrothermal sulfide minerals that have sulfur derived from a magmatic source.

Pyrite-galena and pyrite-chalcopyrite sulfur isotope fractionation is consistent with an approach to isotopic equilibrium, and calculated temperatures are 254.6 and 277.4°C for pyrite-galena and 274.7°C for pyrite-chalcopyrite. The microthermometric data and sulfur isotope thermometry indicate the existence of a hydrothermal fluid that circulated along the fault crossing the Simav metamorphics and Arıkayası formation.

Fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope thermometry can be used in combination with ore petrographical and geological information to provide site-specific targets for meso-hypothermal metal concentrations.
Composition of protozoan communities at two sites in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Rychert Krzysztof , Spich Katarzyna , Laskus Kinga , Pączkowska Michalina , Wielgat-Rychert Magdalena , Sojda Gracjan
Published: October 2013

Protozoan communities were studied in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea. Stable environmental conditions and typical, bimodal seasonal changes in the protozoan biomass were observed at the sampling site in Sopot (2003–2004). At the sampling site in Ustka (2007–2008), strong benthic resuspension and irregular impacts of fresh water resulted in atypical seasonal changes in the protozoan biomass with a summer peak only. The mean annual biomass had similar values at both sites: 43.2 μg C dm−3 in Sopot and 38.6 μg C dm−3 in Ustka. The protozoan community in Sopot was dominated by ciliates (48% of the biomass), whereas in Ustka — by heterotrophic nanoflagellates (53%).
How lonely they are? A degree of isolation among macrozoobenthos species in the Marine Protected Area, the Bay of Puck, the Southern Baltic
Authors: Węsławski Jan , Kryla-Straszewska Lucyna , Warzocha Jan , Urbański Jacek , Włodarska-Kowalczuk Maria , Kotwicki Lech
Published: October 2013

Extensive sampling (450 grabs) was performed all over the inner part of Puck Bay (105 km2 area) in summers of 2007–2009. The GIS-based analysis of samples was performed to assess in detail the distribution of 32 benthic species. The minimum area of occurrence was less than 1 km2 for Lekanosphaera rugicauda and the maximum was 83 km2 for Cerastoderma glaucum. The material reveals that species with the pelagic larval stage were most widespread, with the least distance between individuals and the highest average density (e.g. Cerastoderma glaucum, Hydrobia ventrosa). The most isolated and the least dense species within the studied area were discretely mobile, non-larval crustaceans (e.g. Gammarus oceanicus and Lekanosphaera rugicauda), present at single sites with the largest distance from each other. We conclude that analysis of species distribution helps in understanding the threats to populations of marine invertebrates and marine spatial planning, through locating the isolated species and populations.
Distribution and abundance of microflora in sandy beaches on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea
Authors: Mudryk Zbigniew , Perliński Piotr , Skórczewski Piotr , Wielgat Milena , Zdanowicz Marta
Published: October 2013

The abundance of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts in the marine epipsammon habitat and their spatial distribution were studied with conventional plating techniques in two marine beaches (Ustka and Czołpino, southern Baltic Sea) which are characterized by different anthropic pressure levels. Actinomycetes constituted the predominant group of studied microorganisms, while the least numerous were yeasts in the sand of both studied beaches. On both of the beaches researched in this study, the amounts of accumulated actinomycetales, fungi and yeasts were similar. When analyzing the distribution of the microflora along the horizontal beach profiles we found significant differences. In the sand collected along the profile perpendicular to the shoreline in Ustka and Czołpino beaches, the highest numbers of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts were noted in the samples from the dune and the lowest in those from the subtidal zone and waterline. Generally, higher numbers of studied microorganisms were observed in the surface than in the subsurface sand layer. The occurrence of actinomycetes, filamentous fungi and yeasts showed considerable seasonal variation.
Hydroid Gonothyraea loveni found on the straightnose pipefish (Nerophis ophidion) in the Gulf of Gdańsk — symbiosis, parasitism or biofouling?
Authors: Dziubińska Anna , Sapota Mariusz
Published: October 2013

Straightnose pipefish (Nerophis ophidion), covered with hydroid Gonothyraea loveni, were caught in August 2010 near Gdynia while fishing with fyke nets. The hydroid colonies were spaced around the fish, from the head to the anus. These colonies seemed to cause serious problems with the balance and swimming ability of the fish. It appears that there are no symbiotic or parasitic relationships between the hydroid and the fish. The fish was probably just another substrate for G. loveni and became colonized by fouling on the skin surface. It should also be taken into consideration that hydroid colonies can move from place to place with their fish host. It is possible that the hydroid benefits from the fish active search for planktonic food.
A review of the diatom research in the Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Witak Małgorzata
Published: October 2013

The paper presents the history of diatom studies carried out in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon since the beginning of the 20th century. One aspect of the research focuses on describing the structure of planktonic and benthic communities living in different parts of the area or occurring in their surface sediments as taphocoenoses. Other investigations concentrate on the fossil diatom flora, which is widely used in the research on the Late Glacial and Holocene to resolve paleogeographic, sedimentological and paleoecological problems.
The disjuncture of learning and recognition: credential assessment from the standpoint of Chinese immigrant engineers in Canada
Authors: Shan Hongxia
Published: October 2013

To better recognise foreign qualifications, many OECD countries have promoted liberal fairness epitomised by universal standards and institutional efficiency. This paper departs from such a managerial orientation towards recognition. Building on recognitive justice, it proposes an alternative anchoring point for recognition practices: the standpoint or everyday experiences of immigrants. This approach is illustrated with a qualitative study of the credential recognition practices of the engineering profession in Canada. From the standpoint of Chinese immigrants, the study identifies a disjuncture between credential recognition practices and immigrants' career stage post-migration. Taking this disjuncture as problematic, it further pinpoints recognition issues such as redundancy and arbitrariness, a narrow focus on undergraduate education, and a deficit view of training from other countries. While some of these issues may be addressed by improving administrative procedures, others demand a participatory space allowing immigrants to become partners of assessment, rather than merely its objects.
Adult learning, education, and the labour market in	the employability regime
Authors: Nilsson Staffan , Nyström Sofia
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this paper is to draw on the research and scholarly literature to explore the changing discourses and perspectives concerning adult learning, education, and the labour market in the employability regime. The focus of the nalysis is a Nordic context. The dominant employability regime maintains a technical-rational perspective on learning and employability. Education is predominantly regarded as an instrumental preparation for the labour market. The future demands of the labour market are largely unknown, however, and vocational and professional training may not provide sufficient preparation for the increasing complexities of work. Theoretical discussions have been dominated by an alleged mismatch between individual competence and the qualifications that are required in the world of work. There is no consensus regarding how the gap should be described, explained, or bridged. New demands on educational design have emerged, and ideas related to liberal education and 'bildung' have been reinserted into the political agenda, offering general preparation for a wider array of challenges.
From workers education to societal competencies: Approaches to a critical, emancipatory education for democracy
Authors: Zeuner Christine
Published: October 2013

This article presents two conceptions concerning critical political education for workers, developed in Germany in the 1960s and the 1990s respectively. First, the conception of "Sociological Imagination and Exemplary Learning" ublished in 1968 by the German philosopher and sociologist Oskar Negt (1975). Further the elaboration of this conception, which since the 1980s is known as "Societal Competencies" (Negt, 1986). These competencies concern fundamental knowledge, which enables people to make political judgments, and act politically in democratic societies in an enlightened and reflected way. This conception deliberately distinguishes itself from the economic, instrumentalist notions of key qualifications and key competencies, which at least since the 1970s have been discussed with the aim of maintaining individual employability and competitiveness. 'Societal competencies' aim for individual and collective emancipation, the development of the capability to make judgments, and autonomy in the sense of the enlightened political agency and participation in democratization processes.
Beyond the current political economy of competence	development
Authors: Salling Olesen Henning
Published: October 2013

Competence is a concept imported into the adult and continuing education arena from the psychological terminology of human resource development in work organizations. It has been elevated to a societal and political level as part of a new discursive regime. This article points out the significance of the particular circumstances in which the competence discourse has emerged, and argues for its critical investigation within a Marxist framework. A new discourse of learning and competence reflects a new material dependency of capital(ism) on the concrete quality of work and workers, requiring a total program of learning for work. This opens a new arena of political struggle over the direction of learning processes and the participation of workers in work and society. The socio-economic realities and new understanding of the interrelationship between knowledge, skills, learning and practice central to the competence concept, raises a potential issue about the role of work and the living worker in a capitalist economy. This requires a re-development of the notion of economy based in the value and interest of working people, and enabled by the full development of the competences of the workers themselves. A notion of the "political economy of working people" is proposed as a framework for investigating the potentials of competence development for enhanced democracy.
Toward a Smart Sustainable Development of Port Cities/Areas: The Role of the “Historic Urban Landscape” Approach
Authors: Fusco Girard Luigi
Published: October 2013

After the 2008 crisis, smart sustainable development of port areas/cities should be developed on the basis of specific principles: the synergy principle (between different actors/systems, in particular the socio-cultural and economic system), the creativity principle and the circularization principle. The Historic Urban landscape (HUL) approach becomes the guarantee that the transition toward the smart city development model is based on specific local cultural resources, and not only on technological innovations. In other words, the eco-town/eco-city strategy becomes culture-led. It stimulates places as spatial “loci” for implementing synergies and circularization processes. Without new evaluation tools and a widespread “evaluation culture” the risks in implementing HUL are very high.
De la munificence à l'ostentation. La noblesse de Mexico et la culture de l'apparence (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Langue Frédérique
Published: October 2013

En el espacio social a la vez privilegiado y ejemplar que es la capital del Virreinato, las élites novohispanas compiten en honores y munificiencia. Así le rinden tributo a un modelo cultural aristocrático. Aspiraciones espirituales, práctica de la caridad e inversiones suntuarias contribuyen a que desaparezca uno de los elementos del estatus social.
La confrontation Mexique-États-Unis dans Gringo Viejo de Carlos Fuentes : de l'incompréhension à la réconciliation
Authors: Sagnes Alem Nathalie
Published: October 2013

En Gringo viejo de Carlos Fuentes, la revolución mexicana sirve de marco histórico a las relaciones México - Estados Unidos. Las mentalidades de cada país dependen de los conflictos pasados : los mexicanos perciben la frontera como una cicatriz mientras para los norteamericanos ésta representa expansionismo y libertad. Sin embarco, al pasar la frontera, los dos protagonistas norteamericanos van al encuentro de los mexicanos y de la toma de conciencia de las di - ferencias del otro nace un mejor conocimiento de su propria identidad. La novela abre un nuevo espacio de reconciliación.
Isolation, via 454 sequencing, and characterization of microsatellites for Vachellia farnesiana (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)
Authors: Bell Karen L. , Murphy Daniel J. , Gardner Michael G.
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: We isolated 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers from Vachellia farnesiana for use in population genetic studies to determine the native range of the species.

• Methods and Results: Initially, 454 shotgun sequencing was used to identify and design primers for 68 microsatellite loci. Of these, we trialed 47 loci in the target species, and 42 (89%) amplified a product of expected size. Fifteen of the 47 loci were screened for variation in 21 individuals from the native range of V. farnesiana in southern Mexico and 20 from northwestern Australia. Fourteen loci were polymorphic, with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.026 to 1.00 (mean = 0.515) and two to 12 alleles per locus (average = 5.2). Cross‐amplification was successful in four to 11 loci in three other Vachellia species.

• Conclusions: The new microsatellite loci will be useful in understanding genetic variation and investigating the role of human‐mediated dispersal in the current distribution of V. farnesiana.
k-space imaging of the eigenmodes of sharp gold tapers for scanning near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Esmann Martin , Becker Simon F , da Cunha Bernard B , Brauer Jens H , Vogelgesang Ralf , Groß Petra , Lienau Christoph
Published: October 2013

We investigate the radiation patterns of sharp conical gold tapers, which were designed as adiabatic nanofocusing probes for scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). Field calculations show that only the lowest order eigenmode of such a taper can reach the very apex and thus induce the generation of strongly enhanced near-field signals. Higher-order modes are coupled into the far field at finite distances from the apex. Here, we demonstrate experimentally how to distinguish and separate between the lowest and higher-order eigenmodes of such a metallic taper by filtering in the spatial frequency domain. Our approach has the potential to considerably improve the signal-to-background ratio in spectroscopic experiments at the nanoscale.
Acid, silver, and solvent-free gold-catalyzed hydrophenoxylation of internal alkynes
Authors: Richard Marcia E , Fraccica Daniel V , Garcia Kevin J , Miller Erica J , Ciccarelli Rosa M , Holahan Erin C , Resh Victoria L , Shah Aakash , Findeis Peter M , Jr. Robert A Stockland
Published: October 2013

A range of arylgold compounds have been synthesized and investigated as single-component catalysts for the hydrophenoxylation of unactivated internal alkynes. Both carbene and phosphine-ligated compounds were screened as part of this work, and the most efficient catalysts contained either JohnPhos or IPr/SIPr. Phenols bearing either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups were efficiently added using these catalysts. No silver salts, acids, or solvents were needed for the catalysis, and either microwave or conventional heating afforded moderate to excellent yields of the vinyl ethers.
APPROXIMATE SOLUTION TO A MULTI-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM INVOLVING NONLOCAL INTEGRAL CONDITIONS BY REPRODUCING KERNEL METHOD
Authors: Ozen Kemal , Orucoglu Kamil
Published: October 2013

In this work, we investigate a sequence of approximations converging to the existing unique solution of a multi-point boundary value problem(BVP) given by a linear fourth-order ordinary differential equation with variable coeffcients involving nonlocal integral conditions by using reproducing kernel method(RKM). Obtaining the reproducing kernel of the reproducing kernel space by using the original conditions given directly by RKM may be troublesome and may introduce computational costs. Therefore, in these cases, initially considering more admissible conditions which will allow the reproducing kernel to be computed more easily than the original ones and then taking into account the original conditions lead us to satisfactory results. This analysis is illustrated by a numerical example. The results demonstrate that the method is still quite accurate and effective for the cases with both derivative and integral conditions even if the accuracy is less compared to the cases with just derivative conditions.
PROPERTIES OF ZEROS OF SOLUTIONS TO THIRD ORDER NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Smirnov Sergey
Published: October 2013

We investigate the behavior of zeros of solutions to the certain type of third order nonlinear differential equations. We show that the behavior of zeros may be rather different and depend on the nature of nonlinearity in the equation. Main results in the paper are illustrated with a number of examples.
GOVERNMENT DEBT AS THE INTEGRAL PORTFOLIO OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES GENERATED BY DEBT
Authors: Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas , Stasytytė Viktorija , Maknickienė Nijolė
Published: October 2013

The paper analyses the possibilities of optimal government (national) debt management, trying to maximize the made-up net value for the debtor with the help of funds borrowed by the government. The integral portfolio of debtor assets and debt service liabilities, based on the borrowed funds, is chosen as a solution for the above-described problem. In the paper, an asset is understood as a position of government expenditures, where funds borrowed by the government are used and create a quantifiable profit (value) or the measurable damage or loss is avoided if funds are borrowed. Actually, liabilities are the main debt service positions. Naturally, the value generated by assets, as well as funds spent to settle the liabilities, could be analytically adequately evaluated only in stochastic dimension. Consequently, multidimensional multicriteria stochastic optimization technique is used as a technical solution to the formulated problem. In analytical decisions, the budget funds borrowed by the government are treated as marginal funds. Taking into account a completely new decision technique that has been invoked for government debt management, the methods of decisions are described quite particularly.
Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis: Discrepancies Between Tuberculin Skin Test and Interferon-γ Release Assay Results
Authors: Costantino Félicie , de Carvalho Bittencourt Marcelo , Rat Anne-Christine , Loeuille Damien , Dintinger Hervé , Béné Marie C. , Faure Gilbert , Chary-Valckenaere Isabelle
Published: October 2013

Objective.

Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is mandatory before initiating biologics in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis (CIA). However, few studies have evaluated the discrepancies between the results of tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ release assays (IGRA) in these patients. The purpose of our study was to investigate factors associated with TST and IGRA results in a large cohort of patients with CIA before the introduction of biologics.

Methods.

A total of 563 consecutive patients with CIA (293 rheumatoid arthritis, 270 spondyloarthritis) and eligible for biologics were prospectively enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and biological data were recorded. Risk factors for LTBI were assessed. All patients underwent a TST, a chest radiograph, and an IGRA test (T-SPOT.TB).

Results.

Agreement between the 2 tests was low (κ = 0.16). The bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) status was significantly associated with discordance between the 2 tests (p = 0.004). The TST positivity rate was 34.8%. Factors associated with a negative TST were female sex (p = 0.02) and immunosuppressive treatment (p = 0.003). The only LTBI risk factor associated with TST positivity was an abnormal chest radiograph (p = 0.02). T-SPOT.TB was positive in 21.7% of patients and indeterminate in 15.6%. Previous active TB and chest radiograph abnormalities were associated with IGRA positivity (p = 0.008 and p = 3.9 × 10−5, respectively). The BCG vaccination was associated with negative IGRA (p = 3 × 10−4). Indeterminate IGRA results were associated with age, C-reactive protein, and immunosuppressive treatment (p = 0.005, 0.007, and 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion.

Our data support the combined use of T-SPOT.TB and TST in patients with CIA before biologics introduction. However, despite these good diagnostic values, indeterminate results may complicate the use of IGRA.
Entre l'angoisse de la désaffiliation et l'impossible affiliation
Authors: Bendahman Hossaïn
Published: October 2013

À partir de l’interrogation sur la culture, sur la langue et le corps comme marqueurs identitaires confrontés à l’épreuve de l’altérité dans le contexte du changement culturel ou familial, l’auteur défend l’idée que la langue structure la pulsion. Le prénom est souvent une représentation de la pulsion via la culture. La culture dépose dans la langue des éléments d’inclusion qui se transmettent de génération en génération. Cet article illustre la thèse que le rapport à la langue structure le rapport au monde. Le passage d’un espace culturel dans un autre nécessite un espace intermédiaire, un sas de mise en latence des éprouvés inconciliables des deux espaces culturels le temps de leur métabolisation.
L'accueil de l'altérité et la dimension culturelle dans la pratique psychothérapeutique
Authors: Piret Bertrand
Published: October 2013

L’approche psychanalytique dans les situations dites « interculturelles » nécessite de dépasser la double impasse du culturalisme et de l’universalisme. L’écoute, avec ou sans interprète, prend appui, comme dans le cas général, sur le repérage des signifiants singuliers, à distinguer des signifiants normatifs ou conventionnels de la culture ; et sur la manière dont le transfert va se mettre en place. L’utilisation d’éléments culturels est possible et ne signifie pas forcément le recours à la suggestion ou à l’influence.
Psychanalyse et paysans : le mythe de Jacquou le Croquant
Authors: Héraut Jean-Charles
Published: October 2013

L’auteur partant du mythe de Jacquou le Croquant, héros d’un roman d’Eugène Le Roy, développe une interrogation psychanalytique et anthropologique sur le monde rural. Il cite des travaux d’étude menés au niveau national, notamment pour la Mutualité sociale agricole, et parle de sa pratique clinique dans le cadre d’actions d’insertion auprès d’agriculteurs et salariés agricoles. Il fait aussi état de psychothérapies et cures psychanalytiques avec des sujets paysans. Quelques spécificités du fonctionnement psychique, de la subjectivité et de l’imaginaire paysan sont illustrées par des exemples cliniques.
La neutralité de l'analyste à l'épreuve de la différence
Authors: Landa Eva
Published: October 2013

Ce texte revisite le précepte de neutralité et quelques approches psychanalytiques de la différence, pour examiner ensuite des exemples de la rencontre analytique dans le contexte actuel, caractérisé par une certaine exacerbation des différences.
Lettres de Géza Róheim à son analyste Vilma Kovács
Authors: Brabant-Gerö Eva
Published: October 2013

Après une brève présentation de la biographie de Géza Róheim, psychanalyste hongrois et anthropologue, sont évoqués certains de ses ouvrages, son travail sur le terrain, sa théorie ontogénétique de la culture et sa position critique à l’égard des anthropologues appartenant à l’école culturaliste.
Issues motrices, issues mortelles, issues mentales
Authors: Pierrakos Maria
Published: October 2013

Cet article décrit le parcours psychothérapique d’une patiente asthmatique avec la description des étapes de la thérapie et certaines propositions théoriques dans le domaine du psyché-soma.
Porter témoignage ou les vicissitudes de l'écoute
Authors: Laub Dori
Published: October 2013

L’acte de témoignage d’un trauma psychique massif – l’Holocauste – est un événement en lui-même au-delà d’un simple retour sur le passé. C’est une création in novo dont la première conséquence implique une complète remise en perspective de l’Histoire. Ainsi, l’écoutant fait partie intégrante de cet acte. Dori Laub nous en écrit les différentes perspectives et les vicissitudes. Ce sont respectivement : l’accompagnement vers la sortie du secret, trouver un mot de passe commun pour sortir du « trou noir » du trauma et éviter son retour, mais aussi tous les dangers de contamination de l’écoute d’un trauma massif. Cet acte implique une véritable remise en perspective beaucoup plus générale, une « transvaluation » de nos valeurs individuelles et collectives.
Participatory evaluation for development: Examining research-based knowledge from within the African context
Authors: Chouinard Jill A. , Cousins J. Bradley
Published: October 2013

Background: Participatory and collaborative approaches to evaluation have grown in popularity in recent years, as program contexts increasingly require more culturally responsive and inclusive approaches to addressing complex community, program and organisational needs.This is particularly the case in development evaluation contexts such as Africa. We recently conducted a systematic review and integration of the literature on participatory evaluation that included the review of 121 empirical studies published in peer-reviewed journals and other outlets (Cousins & Chouinard 2012). In that review, only 21 studies derived from development contexts and, of those, only six from Africa.Objectives: In this article, we considered the applicability and relevance of the thematic discussion by Cousins & Chouinard (2012) to the African development context through a close-up look at research in Africa on participatory evaluation.Method: We carefully examined the African studies and, through a conceptual critique, re-examined the prior thematic analysis.Results: We observed that some themes did not give primacy to context and relationships which are essential considerations in the African context. Further, an emphasis on empowerment-oriented outcomes begs attention to societal, cultural and economic considerations, implication for evaluators’ roles and a deeper understanding of power issues.Conclusion: We concluded that our thematic discussion did not resonate well with participatory evaluation in development contexts and that a much more focused and targeted review and integration of research was warranted.
Cosmos, reality and God in the letters of John
Authors: Van der Watt Jan
Published: October 2013

The major question addressed in this article is how reality, especially cosmic reality, is perceived in 1 John; in other words: What are the elements of John’s cosmological vision as it becomes apparent in his letters? Firstly, the semantics of the word κόσμος itself is investigated. Then concepts related to the cosmological vision of John receive attention, followed by an analysis of the presence of apocalyptic elements that form part of the Johannine view of reality.’n Sentrale vraag wat in die artikel hanteer word, is hoe die realiteit, veral die kosmiese realiteit, in 1 Johannes gesien word; met ander woorde: Wat is die elemente van die Johannese kosmologiese visie wat uit die Johannese briewe na vore tree? Die semantiek van die woord κόσμος word eerstens ondersoek, waarna konsepte wat aan die kosmiese visie van Johannes verwant is, aandag kry. Dit word gevolg deur ’n analise van die teenwoordigheid van apokaliptiese elemente wat deel uitmaak van die Johannese siening van realiteit.
Short Communication: Automated assessment of the effect of flunixin meglumine on rumination in dairy cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis
Authors: Chapinal N. , Fitzpatrick C. E. , Leslie K. E. , Wagner S. A.
Published: October 2013

Chapinal, N., Fitzpatrick, C. E., Leslie, K. E. and Wagner, S. A. 2014. Short Communication: Automated assessment of the effect of flunixin meglumine on rumination in dairy cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 21–25. The objective was to evaluate the use of rumination loggers to monitor the effect of flunixin meglumine on rumination in lactating dairy cows with endotoxin-induced clinical mastitis. Mastitis was induced in 13 cows by intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into a rear quarter. Four hours later, seven cows received flunixin meglumine intravenously and six received a saline solution. Control cows ruminated less than treated cows 5–8 h and 11–12 h after LPS infusion, although they ruminated more 15–16 h after LPS infusion. Rumination loggers show promise as a practical on-farm tool to monitor the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy for clinical mastitis.
Effect of frequency of feed delivery on the feeding behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of limit-fed dairy heifers
Authors: Greter A. M. , Alzahal O. , Duffield T. F. , McBride B. W. , Widowski T. M. , Devries T. J.
Published: October 2013

Greter, A. M., AlZahal, O., Duffield, T. F., McBride, W. B., Widowski, T. M. and DeVries, T. J. 2014. Effect of frequency of feed delivery on the feeding behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of limit-fed dairy heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 11–20. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect that frequency of provision of feed, provided in a restricted amount, had on feeding and lying behaviour, growth, and rumen temperature of growing dairy heifers. Twenty-four Holstein heifers (178.2±9.3 d of age; mean±SD), divided into six groups of four, were assigned to each of three treatments using a 3×3 Latin square design with 28-d periods (21-d adaptation, 7-d data collection). Treatments were delivery of daily allotment of total mixed ration (fed at 2.0% of body weight): (1) once per day (1×; 0800), (2) twice per day (2×; 0800 and 1600), and (3) four times per day (4×; 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000). Average daily gain (ADG) was similar across treatments (0.8 kg d−1). There was a tendency for within-pen variation of ADG (average, per pen, of the absolute difference between individual heifer ADG and pen mean ADG) to be greater with 4× (0.3 kg d−1) and 2× (0.3 kg d−1) compared with 1× (0.2 kg d−1). Both feeding (63.1 vs. 44.2 vs. 51.5 min d−1) and unrewarded (presence at the feed bunk when no feed was present; 49.5 vs. 27.7 vs. 33.1 min d−1) time at the feed bunk decreased with increasing frequency of feed delivery (1×, 2×, and 4×, respectively). Frequency of displacements (3.1 displacements d−1) and number of displacements per unit of feeding time (0.06 displacements min−1) were similar between treatments. Lying time was similar between treatments (802.5 min d−1), while there was an increase in the amount of time spent standing without eating as frequency of feed delivery increased (558.9 vs. 590.0 vs. 604.7 min d−1for 1×, 2×, and 4×, respectively). Thus, feeding 1× d−1may prove beneficial for limit-fed heifers as it increases the time spent feeding, and decreases time spent standing without eating and within-pen variation in ADG.
Isolate® and Optiprep® minigradients as alternatives for sperm selection in bovine in vitro embryo production
Authors: Vianna L. L. , Pradieé J. , Santos E. C. S. , Gonçalves A. O. , Pfeifer L. F. M. , Rheingantz M. G. T. , Dode M. A. N. , Vieira A. D. , Lima V. F. H. , Correa M. N. , Pegoraro L. M. C.
Published: October 2013

Vianna, L. L., Pradieé, J., Santos, E. C. S., Gonçalves, A. O., Pfeifer, L. F. M., Rheingantz, M. G. T., Dode, M. A. N., Vieira, A. D., Lima, V. F. H., Correa, M. N. and Pegoraro, L. M. C. 2014. Isolate® and Optiprep® minigradients as alternatives for sperm selection in bovine in vitro embryo production. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 35–42. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternatives in small volumes to conventional gradient of Percoll® on semen quality, in vitro embryo production, sex ratio and embryo survival after vitrification. Thawed semen was randomly allocated to one of four density gradient selection methods: (1) conventional Percoll® (P), (2) MiniPercoll (MP), (3) MiniIsolate (MI), and (4) MiniOptiprep (MO). Sperm kinetics and quality were evaluated. Use of P, MP and MI gradients did not affect sperm motility (P>0.05). However, there was a decrease in total and progressive sperm motility in MO (70.8 and 51.3% vs. 87.3 and 69.5% for P; 87.3 and 73% for MP; 92.3 and 78.8% for MI; P<0.05). The MO had lower membrane integrity compared with P, MP and MI (39.7 vs. 70.5, 72.3, 63.8%, respectively, P<0.05). The percentage of blastocysts produced was higher in MI than in MP and MO (21.1 vs. 16.1 and 16.9%, P<0.05) and similar to P (18.4%; P>0.05). Sex ratio and embryo survival after vitrification were similar among groups (P>0.05). Semen selected by Isolate and Optiprep gradient, at the concentrations and small volumes used, demonstrated similar characteristics and in vitro embryo production to conventional Percoll® gradient.
SlPMEI, a pollen-specific gene in tomato
Authors: Kim Woong Bom , Lim Chan Ju , Jang Hyun A. , Yi So Young , Oh Sang-Keun , Lee Ha Yeon , Kim Hyun A. , Park Youn-Il , Kwon Suk-Yoon
Published: October 2013

Kim, W. B., Lim, C. J., Jang, H. A., Yi, S. Y., Oh, S.-K., Lee, H. Y., Kim, H. A., Park, Y.-I. and Kwon, S.-Y. 2014. SlPMEI, a pollen-specific gene in tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 73–83. Pectin is one of the main components of plant cell walls, and its biosynthesis is controlled by pectin methylesterase (PME). Pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs) are key regulators of PME. We report here the cloning and characterization of a novel Solanum lycopersicum L. PMEI gene, SlPMEI. RT-PCR studies of leaf, seed, fruit, flower, and flower organs confirmed that SlPMEI is expressed specifically in pollen. Promoter analysis of SlPMEI revealed pollen-specific cis-acting elements (pollen lat52 and g10). In addition, SlPMEI is expressed independently of abiotic stress, pathogen exposure, and growth stage in tomato, and a histochemical analysis of promoter activity revealed pollen-specific expression in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Under the microscope, we observed pollen-specific GUS expression in the stamen of transgenic tomato plant. These results indicate that the promoter of SlPMEI has strong pollen-specific activity, and could therefore be useful for development of industrially and agronomically important transgenic plants.
Effects of waterlogging on the yield and growth of summer maize under field conditions
Authors: Ren Baizhao , Zhang Jiwang , Li Xia , Fan Xia , Dong Shuting , Liu Peng , Zhao Bin
Published: October 2013

Ren, B., Zhang, J., Li, X., Fan, X., Dong, S., Liu, P. and Zhao, B. 2014. Effects of waterlogging on the yield and growth of summer maize under field conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 23–31. A field experiment was performed to study the effects of waterlogging for different durations (3 and 6 d) on the yield and growth of summer maize at the three-leaf stage (V3), six-leaf stage (V6), and the 10th day after the tasseling stage (10VT). The results after 2 yr indicated that maize development and grain yield responses to waterlogging depended on both stress severity (intensity and duration) and different growth stage. Yield decreased significantly with an increased waterlogging duration during V3 and V6. The yields of maize hybrid Denghai 605 (DH605) in treatments V3-3, V3-6, V6-3, V6-6, 10VT-3, and 10VT-6 were 23, 32, 20, 24, 8, and 18% lower than those of the control (CK), respectively; Yields of Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) were lower by 21, 35, 15, 33, 7, and 12%, respectively. Waterlogging also affected the growth and development of summer maize. Ear characteristics (grains per ear and 1000-grain weight) and plant morphology (plant height, ear height, and leaf area index) decreased, whereas the bald tip length increased significantly. The maximum grain-filling rate decreased under waterlogging; furthermore, the dry matter accumulation decreased and dry matter distribution proportions of the stem and leaf increased. However, the distribution proportion of grain decreased. Maize was most susceptible to waterlogging damage at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT, with damage increasing with increasing waterlogging duration.
CO450 corn inbred line
Authors: Reid L. M. , Zhu X. , Voloaca C. , Wu J. , Woldemariam T. , Martin R. A. , Beres B. L.
Published: October 2013

Reid, L. M., Zhu, X., Voloaca, C., Wu, J., Woldemariam, T., Martin, R. A. and Beres, B. L. 2014. CO450 corn inbred line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 161–167. CO450 is a short-season early-maturing (average 71 d to flowering) corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability and superior resistance to eyespot (Aureobasidium zeae). This is the first inbred to be released from AAFC's eyespot resistance breeding program. CO450 also has moderate resistance to common rust, intermediate resistance to common smut and both fusarium and anthracnose stalk rot. Excellent hybrid yields and performance data were achieved when CO450 was crossed with stiff stalk inbreds such as MBS1130 and an Iodent inbred, MBS8148. CO450 also exhibited good performance at sites with 2400 CHU or less in combination with a very early inbred, CL30.