bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Companion Rescue and Risk Management of Trekkers on the Everest Trek, Solo Khumbu Region, Nepal
Authors: Cerfontaine Carina , Apel Christian , Bertsch Daniela , Grass Maren , Haunolder Miriam , Hundt Nina , Jäger Julia , Kühn Christian , Museol Sonja , Timmermann Lisa , van der Giet Michael , van der Giet Simone , Wernitz Knut , Schöffl Volker , Morrison Audry , Küpper Thomas
Published: December 2022

Background: Trekking to high-altitude locations presents inherent health-related hazards, many of which can managed with specific first aid (FA) training. This study evaluates the trip preparation, FA knowledge, and FA self-assessment of trekkers (organized by tour operators vs. individually planned tours). Data obtained shall be used for specific FA trip preparation and management of emergencies en route for this population. Methods: A total of 366 trekkers on the Everest Base Camp Trek, Nepal, were interviewed using a questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate their FA knowledge and management of emergencies. Data evaluation was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 40.5% of trekkers experienced at least one medical incident during their trip, of which almost 50% were due to acute mountain sickness (AMS). There was more AMS in commercially organized groups than in individually planned ones (55% vs. 40%). For more than 50%, no medical care was available during their trip. A total of 80% could answer only 3/21 FA questions completely correctly. Only 1% showed adequate knowledge concerning FA strategies. A total of 70% were willing to enroll in an FA class specialized towards the needs of trekkers. Conclusions: The importance of high-altitude FA knowledge and trip preparation is widely underestimated. There is an unmet demand amongst trekkers for specific wilderness FA classes.
Influenza Vaccination Coverage and Its Predictors among Self-Reported Diabetic Patients—Findings from the Hungarian Implementation of the European Health Interview Survey
Authors: Szőllősi Gergő József , Minh Nguyen Chau , Pataki Jenifer , Santoso Cornelia Melinda , Nagy Attila Csaba , Kardos László
Published: December 2022

In high-risk populations, such as the elderly or those with serious medical issues, for instance, people with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes, influenza can have devastating effects because it might contribute to severe complications or even death. This makes vaccination against influenza an essential component of public health. The primary objective of our research was to identify the characteristics that influenced whether an individual chose to become vaccinated against influenza, with an emphasis on whether they reported having diabetes. The data were obtained from the Hungarian implementation of the European Health Interview Surveys, which were conducted in 2009, 2014, and 2019. The total sample size was 15,874 people. To determine the variables that were related to vaccination, a multivariate logistic regression analysis that included interactions was performed. The overall vaccination coverage was 13% in 2009 and 12% in 2014 and 2019 among non-diabetic respondents; the coverage was 26% in 2009, 28% in 2014, and 25% in 2019 among diabetic respondents. Despite vaccination coverage in both groups being below the optimal level of 75%, we were able to identify factors influencing vaccination coverage. Among diabetic respondents, younger age, lower education level, sex, and co-morbidities were factors that influenced vaccination status. It is important for authorities managing healthcare and medical practitioners to be aware of the potential effects that influenza can have on diabetic patients; therefore, more efforts need to be made to increase the number of diabetic people receiving a vaccination against influenza.
The Relationship between Environmental Regulation, Green-Technology Innovation and Green Total-Factor Productivity—Evidence from 279 Cities in China
Authors: Ma Yuhua , Lin Tong , Xiao Qifang
Published: December 2022

This paper employs the SBM-DDF method to measure the index of green total-factor productivity (GTFP), based on the panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019, and constructs a spatial Durbin model (SDM) and a threshold effect to empirically test the effects of dual environmental-regulations and green technological innovation on GTFP. The results are as follows: (1) the SDM supports a nonlinear contribution of dual environmental-regulations spillover to GTFP. The relationship between formal environmental-regulation and GTFP is an inverted U-shape, while a U-shaped nonlinear relationship is found between informal environmental regulation and GTFP. (2) Green technology innovation has a significant negative moderating effect on the process of dual environmental-regulations affecting GTFP in local regions, but a positive moderating effect on informal environmental regulation in neighboring regions. (3) There is a significant green technology innovation threshold effect of dual environmental-regulations affecting GTFP. Specifically, the promotion effect of dual environmental-regulations on GFFP gradually increases as the level of green technology innovation increases.
Nonlinear Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty Shocks on Carbon Emissions in China: Evidence from Province-Level Data
Authors: Wu Chao , Liu Ziyu , Liu Jinquan , Du Mingze
Published: December 2022

Based on cross-sectional data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2004 to 2017, this paper systematically examines the nonlinear effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on carbon emissions and its causes using the PSTR model. It is found that the impact of EPU on carbon emissions at the provincial level in China has significant nonlinear characteristics and shows a positive and then negative pattern as the level of EPU increases. Furthermore, increased levels of EPU also cause a nonlinear migration of the effects of provincial economic and financial development, industrial structure, government spending, and environmental regulation on carbon emissions, illustrating a large amount of heterogeneity among Chinese provinces. Specifically, provinces with higher levels of economic and financial development experience a greater positive carbon emission effect from EPU, whereas provinces with lower levels of such development experience a greater negative carbon emission effect. In contrast, in provinces with irrational industrial structures, lower fiscal expenditures, and weaker environmental controls, the nonlinear carbon emission consequences of EPU are greater. Therefore, local governments should prudently adjust economic policies, improve and perfect the market information disclosure system, and afford full play to regional comparative advantages to help achieve the “double carbon goal”.
Perinatal Women’s Views of Pharmacist-Delivered Perinatal Depression Screening: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pham Lily , Moles Rebekah J. , O’Reilly Claire L. , Carter Stephen , Raynes-Greenow Camille , Chen Timothy F. , Raduescu Corina , Randall Sue , Bloomfield Jacqueline , Strowel Clara , Murphy Andrea , Gardner David , El-Den Sarira
Published: December 2022

Internationally, 20% of women experience perinatal depression (PND). Healthcare providers including general practitioners and midwives are critical in providing PND screening and support; however, the current workforce is unable to meet growing demands for PND care. As accessible and trusted primary healthcare professionals, pharmacists could provide PND care to complement existing services, thereby contributing to early detection and intervention. This study aimed to explore perinatal women’s views of community pharmacist-delivered PND screening and care, with a focus on their attitudes towards and acceptability of PND screening implementation in community pharmacy. Semi-structured interviews with women (n = 41) were undertaken, whereby interview data were transcribed verbatim and then inductively and thematically analysed. Five overarching themes emerged; “patient experience with existing PND support and screening services”; “familiarity with pharmacists’ roles”; “pharmacist visibility in PND screening care”; “patient—pharmacist relationships” and “factors influencing service accessibility”. Themes and subthemes were mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Findings highlight participants’ generally positive attitudes towards community pharmacist-delivered PND screening and care, and the potential acceptability of such services provided pharmacists are trained and referral pathways are established. Addressing perceived barriers and facilitators would allow community pharmacist-delivered PND screening and care to support existing PND care models.
How Has Climate Change Driven the Evolution of Rice Distribution in China?
Authors: Wang Guogang , Huang Shengnan , Zhang Yongxiang , Zhao Sicheng , Han Chengji
Published: December 2022

Estimating the impact of climate change risks on rice distribution is one of the most important elements of climate risk management. This paper is based on the GEE (Google Earth Engine) platform and multi-source remote sensing data; the authors quantitatively extracted rice production distribution data in China from 1990 to 2019, analysed the evolution pattern of rice distribution and clusters and explored the driving effects between climatic and environmental conditions on the evolution of rice production distribution using the non-parametric quantile regression model. The results show that: The spatial variation of rice distribution is significant, mainly concentrated in the northeast, south and southwest regions of China; the distribution of rice in the northeast is expanding, while the distribution of rice in the south is extending northward, showing a spatial evolution trend of “north rising and south retreating”. The positive effect of precipitation on the spatial distribution of rice has a significant threshold. This shows that when precipitation is greater than 800 mm, there is a significant positive effect on the spatial distribution of rice production, and this effect will increase with precipitation increases. Climate change may lead to a continuous northward shift in the extent of rice production, especially extending to the northwest of China. This paper’s results will help implement more spatially targeted climate change adaptation measures for rice to cope with the changes in food production distribution caused by climate change.
A Novel Approach Based on Machine Learning and Public Engagement to Predict Water-Scarcity Risk in Urban Areas
Authors: Hanoon Sadeq Khaleefah , Abdullah Ahmad Fikri , Shafri Helmi Z. M. , Wayayok Aimrun
Published: December 2022

Climate change, population growth and urban sprawl have put a strain on water supplies across the world, making it difficult to meet water demand, especially in city regions where more than half of the world’s population now reside. Due to the complex urban fabric, conventional techniques should be developed to diagnose water shortage risk (WSR) by engaging crowdsourcing. This study aims to develop a novel approach based on public participation (PP) with a geographic information system coupled with machine learning (ML) in the urban water domain. The approach was used to detect (WSR) in two ways, namely, prediction using ML models directly and using the weighted linear combination (WLC) function in GIS. Five types of ML algorithm, namely, support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron, K-nearest neighbour, random forest and naïve Bayes, were incorporated for this purpose. The Shapley additive explanation model was added to analyse the results. The Water Evolution and Planning system was also used to predict unmet water demand as a relevant criterion, which was aggregated with other criteria. The five algorithms that were used in this work indicated that diagnosing WSR using PP achieved good-to-perfect accuracy. In addition, the findings of the prediction process achieved high accuracy in the two proposed techniques. However, the weights of relevant criteria that were extracted by SVM achieved higher accuracy than the weights of the other four models. Furthermore, the average weights of the five models that were applied in the WLC technique increased the prediction accuracy of WSR. Although the uncertainty ratio was associated with the results, the novel approach interpreted the results clearly, supporting decision makers in the proactive exploration processes of urban WSR, to choose the appropriate alternatives at the right time.
CD200 as a Potential New Player in Inflammation during Rotator Cuff Tendon Injury/Repair: An In Vitro Model
Authors: Giancola Raffaella , Oliva Francesco , Gallorini Marialucia , Michetti Noemi , Gissi Clarissa , Moussa Fadl , Antonetti Lamorgese Passeri Cristina , Colosimo Alessia , Berardi Anna Concetta
Published: December 2022

Rotator cuff tendon (RCT) disease results from multifactorial mechanisms, in which inflammation plays a key role. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and tendon stem cell/progenitor cells (TSPCs) have been shown to participate in the inflammatory response. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not clear. In this study, flow cytometry analyses of different subpopulations of RCT-derived TSPCs demonstrate that after three days of administration, TNFα alone or in combination with IFNγ significantly decreases the percentage of CD146+CD49d+ and CD146+CD49f+ but not CD146+CD109+ TSPCs populations. In parallel, the same pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulate the expression of CD200 in the CD146+ TSPCs population. Additionally, the TNFα/IFNγ combination modulates the protein expression of STAT1, STAT3, and MMP9, but not fibromodulin. At the gene level, IRF1, CAAT (CAAT/EBPbeta), and DOK2 but not NF-κb, TGRF2 (TGFBR2), and RAS-GAP are modulated. In conclusion, although our study has several important limitations, the results highlight a new potential role of CD200 in regulating inflammation during tendon injuries. In addition, the genes analyzed here might be new potential players in the inflammatory response of TSPCs.
Kruppel-like Factors in Skeletal Physiology and Pathologies
Authors: Abe Makoto , Saeki Naoya , Ikeda Yuki , Ohba Shinsuke
Published: December 2022

Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to a large group of zinc finger-containing transcription factors with amino acid sequences resembling the Drosophila gap gene Krüppel. Since the first report of molecular cloning of the KLF family gene, the number of KLFs has increased rapidly. Currently, 17 murine and human KLFs are known to play crucial roles in the regulation of transcription, cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, stem cell maintenance, and tissue and organ pathogenesis. Recent evidence has shown that many KLF family molecules affect skeletal cells and regulate their differentiation and function. This review summarizes the current understanding of the unique roles of each KLF in skeletal cells during normal development and skeletal pathologies.
Associations between Maternal Risk Factors and Intrinsic Placental and Fetal Brain Functional Properties in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rajagopalan Vidya , Schmithorst Vanessa , El-Ali Alexander , Reynolds William , Lee Vincent , Wallace Julia , Weinberg Jacqueline , Johnson Jennifer , Votava-Smith Jodie , Adibi Jennifer , Panigrahy Ashok
Published: December 2022

The relationship between maternal risk factors (MRFs) (particularly pre-gravid obesity, diabetes, and hypertension) and congenital heart disease (CHD) to placental and fetal brain outcomes is poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MRF and CHD would be associated with reduced intrinsic placental and fetal brain function using a novel non-invasive technique. Pregnant participants with and without MRF and fetal CHD were prospectively recruited and underwent feto-placental MRI. Using intrinsic properties of blood oxygen level dependent imaging (BOLD) we quantified spatiotemporal variance of placenta and fetal brain. MRFs and CHD were correlated with functional characteristics of the placenta and fetal brain. Co-morbid MRF (hypertension, diabetes, and obesity) reduced spatiotemporal functional variance of placenta and fetal brain (p < 0.05). CHD predicted reduced fetal brain temporal variance compared to non-CHD (p < 0.05). The presence of both MRF and CHD was associated with reduced intrinsic pBOLD temporal variance (p = 0.047). There were no significant interactions of MRFs and CHD status on either temporal or spatial variance of intrinsic brain BOLD. MRF and CHD reduced functional characteristic of placenta and brain in fetuses. MRF modification and management during pregnancy may have the potential to not only provide additional risk stratification but may also improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (ATG)-Free Nonmyeloablative Haploidentical PBSCT Plus Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Is a Safe and Efficient Treatment Approach for Pediatric Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Chen Rong-Long , Ip Peng Peng , Shaw Jy-juinn , Wang Yun-Hsin , Fan Li-Hua , Shen Yi-Ling , Joseph Nithila A. , Chen Tsen-Erh , Chen Liuh-Yow
Published: December 2022

Most cases of acquired aplastic anemia (AA) arise from autoimmune destruction of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) plus post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is increasingly applied to salvage AA using bone marrow as graft and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) in conditioning. Herein, we characterize a cohort of twelve AA patients clinically and molecularly, six who possessed other immunological disorders (including two also carrying germline SAMD9L mutations). Each patient with SAMD9L mutation also carried an AA-related rare BCORL1 variant or CTLA4 p.T17A GG genotype, respectively, and both presented short telomere lengths. Six of the ten patients analyzed harbored AA-risky HLA polymorphisms. All patients recovered upon non-HSCT (n = 4) or HSCT (n = 8) treatments. Six of the eight HSCT-treated patients were subjected to a modified PTCy-based regimen involving freshly prepared peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) as graft and exclusion of ATG. All patients were engrafted between post-transplantation days +13 and +18 and quickly reverted to normal life, displaying a sustained complete hematologic response and an absence of graft-versus-host disease. These outcomes indicate most AA cases, including of the SAMD9L-inherited subtype, are immune-mediated and the modified PTCy-based regimen we present is efficient and safe for salvage.
Variability of Human rDNA and Transcription Activity of the Ribosomal Genes
Authors: Chmúrčiaková Nikola , Smirnov Evgeny , Kurfürst Jaroslav , Liška František , Cmarko Dušan
Published: December 2022

Human ribosomal DNA is represented by hundreds of repeats in each cell. Every repeat consists of two parts: a 13 kb long 47S DNA with genes encoding 18S, 5.8S, and 28S RNAs of ribosomal particles, and a 30 kb long intergenic spacer (IGS). Remarkably, transcription does not take place in all the repeats. The transcriptionally silent genes are characterized by the epigenetic marks of the inactive chromatin, including DNA hypermethylation of the promoter and adjacent areas. However, it is still unknown what causes the differentiation of the genes into active and silent. In this study, we examine whether this differentiation is related to the nucleotide sequence of IGS. We isolated ribosomal DNA from the nucleoli of human-derived HT1080 cells, and separated methylated and non-methylated DNA by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Then, we used PCR to amplify a 2 kb long region upstream of the transcription start and sequenced the product. We found that six SNVs and a series of short deletions in a region of simple repeats correlated with the DNA methylation status. These data indicate that variability of IGS sequence may initiate silencing of the ribosomal genes. Our study also suggests a number of pathways to this silencing that involve micro-RNAs and/or non-canonical DNA structures.
Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Hesperidin with Polymer Excipients for Enhanced Apparent Solubility as a More Effective Approach to the Treatment of Civilization Diseases
Authors: Rosiak Natalia , Wdowiak Kamil , Tykarska Ewa , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Published: December 2022

The present study reports amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of hesperidin (Hes) prepared by ball milling to improve its solubility and apparent solubility over the unmodified compound. The carriers were Soluplus® (Sol), alginate sodium (SA), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). XRPD analysis confirmed full amorphization of all binary systems in 1:5 w/w ratio. One glass transition (Tg) observed in DSC thermograms of hesperidin:Soluplus® (Hes:Sol) and hesperidin:HPMC (Hes:HPMC) 1:5 w/w systems confirmed complete miscibility. The mathematical model (Gordon–Taylor equation) indicates that the obtained amorphous systems are characterized by weak interactions. The FT-IR results confirmed that hydrogen bonds are responsible for stabilizing the amorphous state of Hes. Stability studies indicate that the strength of these bonds is insufficient to maintain the amorphous state of Hes under stress conditions (25 °C and 60 °C 76.4% RH). HPLC analysis suggested that the absence of degradation products indicates safe hesperidin delivery systems. The solubility and apparent solubility were increased in all media (water, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and HCl (0.1 N)) compared to the pure compound. Our study showed that all obtained ASDs are promising systems for Hes delivery, wherein Hes:Sol 1:5 w/w has the best solubility (about 300-fold in each media) and apparent solubility (about 70% in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and 63% in HCl).
Semi-Biosynthetic Production of Surface-Binding Adhesive Antimicrobial Peptides Using Intein-Mediated Protein Ligation
Authors: Hwang Young Eun , Im Seonghun , Cho Ju Hyun , Lee Wonsik , Cho Byung-Kwan , Sung Bong Hyun , Kim Sun Chang
Published: December 2022

Microbial infections remain a global health concern, calling for the urgent need to implement effective prevention measures. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been extensively studied as potential antimicrobial coating agents. However, an efficient and economical method for AMP production is lacking. Here, we synthesized the direct coating adhesive AMP, NKC-DOPA5, composed of NKC, a potent AMP, and repeats of the adhesive amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) via an intein-mediated protein ligation strategy. NKC was expressed as a soluble fusion protein His-NKC-GyrA (HNG) in Escherichia coli, comprising an N-terminal 6× His-tag and a C-terminal Mxe GyrA intein. The HNG protein was efficiently produced in a 500-L fermenter, with a titer of 1.63 g/L. The NKC-thioester was released from the purified HNG fusion protein by thiol attack and subsequently ligated with chemically synthesized Cys-DOPA5. The ligated peptide His-NKC-Cys-DOPA5 was obtained at a yield of 88.7%. The purified His-NKC-Cys-DOPA5 possessed surface-binding and antimicrobial properties identical to those of the peptide obtained via solid-phase peptide synthesis. His-NKC-Cys-DOPA5 can be applied as a practical and functional antimicrobial coating to various materials, such as medical devices and home appliances.
Overexpression of a Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Coding Gene, GsCAD1, from Wild Soybean Enhances Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus
Authors: Xun Hongwei , Qian Xueyan , Wang Meng , Yu Jiaxin , Zhang Xue , Pang Jinsong , Wang Shucai , Jiang Lili , Dong Yingshan , Liu Bao
Published: December 2022

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most prevalent soybean viral disease in the world. As a critical enzyme in the secondary metabolism of plants, especially in lignin synthesis, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is widely involved in plant growth and development, and in defense against pathogen infestation. Here, we performed RNAseq-based transcriptome analyses of a highly SMV-resistant accession (BYO-15) of wild soybean (Glycine soja) and a SMV-susceptible soybean cultivar (Williams 82), also sequenced together with a resistant plant and a susceptible plant of their hybrid descendants at the F3 generation at 7 and 14 days post-inoculation with SMV. We found that the expression of GsCAD1 (from G. soja) was significantly up-regulated in the wild soybean and the resistant F3 plant, while the GmCAD1 from the cultivated soybean (G. max) did not show a significant and persistent induction in the soybean cultivar and the susceptible F3 plant, suggesting that GsCAD1 might play an important role in SMV resistance. We cloned GsCAD1 and overexpressed it in the SMV-susceptible cultivar Williams 82, and we found that two independent GsCAD1-overexpression (OE) lines showed significantly enhanced SMV resistance compared with the non-transformed wild-type (WT) control. Intriguingly, the lignin contents in both OE lines were higher than the WT control. Further liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the contents of salicylic acid (SA) were significantly more improved in the OE lines than that of the wild-type (WT), coinciding with the up-regulated expression of an SA marker gene. Finally, we observed that GsCAD1-overexpression affected the accumulation of SMV in leaves. Collectively, our results suggest that GsCAD1 enhances resistance to SMV in soybeans, most likely by affecting the contents of lignin and SA.
DNA Methylation Variation Is a Possible Mechanism in the Response of Haemaphysalis longicornis to Low-Temperature Stress
Authors: Nwanade Chuks Fidelis , Wang Zihao , Bai Ruwei , Wang Ruotong , Zhang Tianai , Liu Jingze , Yu Zhijun
Published: December 2022

Ticks are notorious ectoparasites and transmit the greatest variety of pathogens than any other arthropods. Cold tolerance is a key determinant of tick abundance and distribution. While studies have shown that DNA methylation is one of the important epigenetic regulations found across many species and plays a significant role in their response to low-temperature stress, its role in the response of ticks to low-temperature stress remains unexplored. Herein, we explored the DNA methylation profile of the tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, exposed to low-temperature stress (4 °C) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). We found that approximately 0.95% and 0.94% of the genomic C sites were methylated in the control and low-temperature groups, respectively. Moreover, the methylation level under the CG context was about 3.86% and 3.85% in the control and low-temperature groups, respectively. In addition, a total of 6087 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between the low-temperature and control groups, including 3288 hypermethylated and 2799 hypomethylated DMRs. Further, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially methylated genes revealed that most of the DMGs were significantly enriched in binding and RNA transport pathways. Taken together, this research confirmed, for the first time, the whole genome DNA methylation profile of H. longicornis and provided new insights into the DNA methylation changes relating to low-temperature stress in H. longicornis, as well as provided a foundation for future studies on the epigenetic mechanism underlying the responses of ticks to abiotic stress.
Lipoxygenase (LOX) in Sweet and Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits during Ripening and under an Enriched Nitric Oxide (NO) Gas Atmosphere
Authors: González-Gordo Salvador , Cañas Amanda , Muñoz-Vargas María A. , Palma José M. , Corpas Francisco J.
Published: December 2022

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze the insertion of molecular oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as linoleic and linolenic acids, being the first step in the biosynthesis of a large group of biologically active fatty acid (FA)-derived metabolites collectively named oxylipins. LOXs are involved in multiple functions such as the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and volatile molecules related to the aroma and flavor production of plant tissues, among others. Using sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants as a model, LOX activity was assayed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and specific in-gel activity staining. Thus, we identified a total of seven LOX isozymes (I to VII) distributed among the main plant organs (roots, stems, leaves, and fruits). Furthermore, we studied the FA profile and the LOX isozyme pattern in pepper fruits including a sweet variety (Melchor) and three autochthonous Spanish varieties that have different pungency levels (Piquillo, Padrón, and Alegría riojana). It was observed that the number of LOX isozymes increased as the capsaicin content increased in the fruits. On the other hand, a total of eight CaLOX genes were identified in sweet pepper fruits, and their expression was differentially regulated during ripening and by the treatment with nitric oxide (NO) gas. Finally, a deeper analysis of the LOX IV isoenzyme activity in the presence of nitrosocysteine (CysNO, a NO donor) suggests a regulatory mechanism via S-nitrosation. In summary, our data indicate that the different LOX isozymes are differentially regulated by the capsaicin content, fruit ripening, and NO.
Ionizing Radiation: Effective Physical Agents for Economic Crop Seed Priming and the Underlying Physiological Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Zhang Yixin , Zhou Libin , Yang Fu , Li Jingpeng , Du Yan , Liu Ruiyuan , Li Wenjian , Yu Lixia
Published: December 2022

To overcome various factors that limit crop production and to meet the growing demand for food by the increasing world population. Seed priming technology has been proposed, and it is considered to be a promising strategy for agricultural sciences and food technology. This technology helps to curtail the germination time, increase the seed vigor, improve the seedling establishment, and enhance the stress tolerance, all of which are conducive to improving the crop yield. Meanwhile, it can be used to reduce seed infection for better physiological or phytosanitary quality. Compared to conventional methods, such as the use of water or chemical-based agents, X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, proton beams, and heavy ion beams have emerged as promising physics strategies for seed priming as they are time-saving, more effective, environmentally friendly, and there is a greater certainty for yield improvement. Ionizing radiation (IR) has certain biological advantages over other seed priming methods since it generates charged ions while penetrating through the target organisms, and it has enough energy to cause biological effects. However, before the wide utilization of ionizing priming methods in agriculture, extensive research is needed to explore their effects on seed priming and to focus on the underlying mechanism of them. Overall, this review aims to highlight the current understanding of ionizing priming methods and their applicability for promoting agroecological resilience and meeting the challenges of food crises nowadays.
Antitumor Effect of Cycloastragenol in Colon Cancer Cells via p53 Activation
Authors: Park Doil , Jung Ji Hoon , Ko Hyun Min , Jee Wona , Kim Hyungsuk , Jang Hyeung-Jin
Published: December 2022

Colorectal cancer cell (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the world. There are several chemotherapy drugs available for its treatment, though they have side effects. Cycloastragenol (CY) is a compound from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge known to be effective in aging, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-heart failure treatments. Although many studies have demonstrated the functions of CY in cancer cells, no studies have shown the effects of p53 in colon cancer cells. In this study, we found that CY reduces the viability of colon cancer cells in p53 wild-type cells compared to p53 null cells and HT29. Furthermore, CY induces apoptosis by p53 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. And it was confirmed that it affects the L5 gene related to p53. Additionally, CY enhanced p53 expression compared to when either doxorubicin or 5-FU was used alone. Altogether, our findings suggest that CY induces apoptosis via p53 activation and inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells. In addition, apoptosis occurs in colon cancer cells due to other factors. Moreover, CY is expected to have a combined effect when used together with existing treatments for colon cancer in the future.
Overexpression of CfICE1 from Cryptomeria fortunei Enhances Cold, Drought and Salt Stress in Poplar
Authors: Zhu Lijuan , Yang Junjie , Zhang Yingting , Hu Hailiang , Cui Jiebing , Xue Jinyu , Xu Jin
Published: December 2022

ICE1, a regulator of the cold-inducible transcriptome and freezing tolerance, is currently widely believed to be involved in plant resistance to cold stress. In this study, CfICE1 from Cryptomeria fortunei was transformed into poplar. Physiological indicators of transgenic, empty vector and wild-type poplar after abiotic stress (cold, drought and salt) were determined. Transgenic lines had a higher chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble protein content, as well as a lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content. The ultrastructure of the plant was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and after stress, the cell structure of the transgenic line was more complete than that of the wild type. CfICE1 was upregulated in transgenic poplar trees after abiotic stress (cold, drought and salt). The CfICE1 transgenic plants improved plant resistance by regulating the CBF gene of poplar under cold and salt stress. In terms of plant responses to abiotic stress, this study showed that overexpression of CfICE1 improved the cold, drought and salt tolerance of poplars.
Specific Features of the Proteomic Response of Thermophilic Bacterium Geobacillus icigianus to Terahertz Irradiation
Authors: Bannikova Svetlana , Khlebodarova Tamara , Vasilieva Asya , Mescheryakova Irina , Bryanskaya Alla , Shedko Elizaveta , Popik Vasily , Goryachkovskaya Tatiana , Peltek Sergey
Published: December 2022

Studying the effects of terahertz (THz) radiation on the proteome of temperature-sensitive organisms is limited by a number of significant technical difficulties, one of which is maintaining an optimal temperature range to avoid thermal shock as much as possible. In the case of extremophilic species with an increased temperature tolerance, it is easier to isolate the effects of THz radiation directly. We studied the proteomic response to terahertz radiation of the thermophilic Geobacillus icigianus, persisting under wide temperature fluctuations with a 60 °C optimum. The experiments were performed with a terahertz free-electron laser (FEL) from the Siberian Center for Synchrotron and Terahertz Radiation, designed and employed by the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the SB of the RAS. A G. icigianus culture in LB medium was THz-irradiated for 15 min with 0.23 W/cm2 and 130 μm, using a specially designed cuvette. The life cycle of this bacterium proceeds under conditions of wide temperature and osmotic fluctuations, which makes its enzyme systems stress-resistant. The expression of several proteins was shown to change immediately after fifteen minutes of irradiation and after ten minutes of incubation at the end of exposure. The metabolic systems of electron transport, regulation of transcription and translation, cell growth and chemotaxis, synthesis of peptidoglycan, riboflavin, NADH, FAD and pyridoxal phosphate cofactors, Krebs cycle, ATP synthesis, chaperone and protease activity, and DNA repair, including methylated DNA, take part in the fast response to THz radiation. When the response developed after incubation, the systems of the cell’s anti-stress defense, chemotaxis, and, partially, cell growth were restored, but the respiration and energy metabolism, biosynthesis of riboflavin, cofactors, peptidoglycan, and translation system components remained affected and the amino acid metabolism system was involved.
Role of Melatonin and Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants: Implications under Nitrogen-Excess or Nitrogen-Low
Authors: Arnao Marino B. , Hernández-Ruiz Josefa , Cano Antonio
Published: December 2022

Melatonin is a new plant hormone involved in multiple physiological functions in plants such as germination, photosynthesis, plant growth, flowering, fruiting, and senescence, among others. Its protective role in different stress situations, both biotic and abiotic, has been widely demonstrated. Melatonin regulates several routes in primary and secondary plant metabolism through the up/down-regulation of many enzyme/factor genes. Many of the steps of nitrogen metabolism in plants are also regulated by melatonin and are presented in this review. In addition, the ability of melatonin to enhance nitrogen uptake under nitrogen-excess or nitrogen-low conditions is analyzed. A model that summarizes the distribution of nitrogen compounds, and the osmoregulation and redox network responses mediated by melatonin, are presented. The possibilities of using melatonin in crops for more efficient uptake, the assimilation and metabolization of nitrogen from soil, and the implications for Nitrogen Use Efficiency strategies to improve crop yield are also discussed.
The Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus as a Biological Model for Research in Male Reproductive Toxicology
Authors: Rosati Luigi , Chianese Teresa , Simoniello Palma , Motta Chiara Maria , Scudiero Rosaria
Published: December 2022

Spermatogenesis is a genetically driven differentiation process that occurs in the testis and leads to the formation of spermatozoa. This process is extensively studied in several experimental models, particularly in vertebrates that share the morphological structure and functionality of the mammalian testis. Although reptiles are not generally considered biological models, the lizard Podarcis siculus has represented a suitable organism for the study of spermatogenesis over the years. In this lizard, the process of spermatogenesis is regulated by the interaction between systemic factors such as gonadotropins and local factors, i.e., molecules produced by the somatic and germinal cells of the testis. Many exogenous substances are able to alter the production of these regulative factors, thus altering the course of spermatogenesis, and P. siculus has proven to be an excellent model for studying the effects of various endogenous or exogenous substances on mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis. This review summarizes the available data on the effects of different substances on the control of spermatogenesis, highlighting the induced morphological and molecular alterations. Overall, the data show that sex hormone levels as well as the final stages of spermatogenesis are most affected by an imbalance of endogenous compounds or contamination by environmental pollutants. This is helpful for the male individual, since the damage, not affecting the spermatogonial stem cells, can be considered transient and not irreversible.
The Impact of the Azo-Chromophore Sort on the Features of the Supramolecular Azopolyimide Films Desired to Be Used as Substrates for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Stoica Iuliana , Epure Elena-Luiza , Barzic Andreea Irina , Mihaila Ilarion , Constantin Catalin-Paul , Sava Ion
Published: December 2022

High-performance supramolecular polyimide systems were synthesized via a simple and innovative approach using two types of azo-chromophores, leading to concomitant special properties: high thermostability, the ability to be processed in the form of films with high flexibility, adequate morphological features, and good structuring capacity via phase mask ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation, induced by the presence of the azo groups (–N=N–). The dimension and the anisotropy degree of the micro/nano patterns obtained on the surface of the flexible films (determined by atomic force microscopy) depend on the azo-dye type used in the supramolecular azopolyimide synthesis, which were higher when the azo-chromophore containing a –cyano group (–C≡N) was used. The molecular dynamics method, an excellent tool for an in-depth examination of the intermolecular interactions, was used to explain the morphological aspects. Energetic, dynamic and structural parameters were calculated for the two systems containing azo-chromophores, as well as for the pristine polymer system. It was highlighted that the van der Waals forces make a major contribution to the intermolecular interactions. The results from the combination of the dynamic analysis and the concentration profile explain the better mobility of the polyimide chains with a maximum content of azo groups in the cis configuration compared to the other systems. Taking all these data into account, the surfaces of the films can be tuned as required for the proposed applications, namely as substrates for flexible electronis.
Endocannabinoid System Regulation in Female Rats with Recurrent Episodes of Binge Eating
Authors: Pucci Mariangela , D’Addario Claudio , Micioni Di Bonaventura Emanuela , Mercante Francesca , Annunzi Eugenia , Fanti Federico , Sergi Manuel , Botticelli Luca , Einaudi Giacomo , Cifani Carlo , Micioni Di Bonaventura Maria Vittoria
Published: December 2022

Recurrent Binge Eating (BE) episodes characterize several eating disorders. Here, we attempted to reassemble a condition closer to BE disorder, and we analyzed whether recurrent episodes might evoke molecular alterations in the hypothalamus of rats. The hypothalamus is a brain region which is sensitive to stress and relevant in motivated behaviors, such as food intake. A well-characterized animal model of BE, in which a history of intermittent food restriction and stress induce binge-like palatable food consumption, was used to analyze the transcriptional regulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). We detected, in rats showing the BE behavior, an up-regulated gene expression of cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1), sn-1-specific diacylglycerol lipase, as well as fatty acid amide hydrolase (Faah) and monoacylglycerol lipase. A selective reduction in DNA methylation was also observed at the promoter of Faah, which is consistent with the changes in the gene expression. Moreover, BE behavior in rats was associated with an increase in anandamide (AEA) levels. Our findings support the relevant role of the ECS in the regulation of food intake in rats subjected to repeated BE episodes, and, in particular, on AEA signaling, acting via CB1 and FAAH modulation. Notably, the epigenetic regulation of the Faah gene might suggest this enzyme as a possible target for developing new therapeutical approaches.
Effects of Avenanthramide on the Small Intestinal Damage through Hsp70-NF-κB Signaling in an Ovalbumin-Induced Food Allergy Model
Authors: Liu Pan , Liu Tianyi , Zhang Mingrui , Mo Ruixia , Zhou Weiwei , Li Defa , Wu Yi
Published: December 2022

A food allergy is caused by an abnormal immune reaction and can induce serious intestinal inflammation and tissue damage. Currently, the avoidance of food allergens is still the most effective way to prevent or reduce allergic symptoms, so the development of new strategies to treat allergies is important. Avenanthramide (AVA) is a bioactive polyphenol derived from oats with a wide range of biological activities; however, it is still not clear whether or how AVA alleviates intestinal damage under allergic situations. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of AVA on the small intestinal damage in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy model and its mechanism. In experiment 1, 10 mg/kg bw and 20 mg/kg bw doses of AVA both decreased the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, histamine, and prostaglandin D induced by OVA. The AVA administration relieved inflammation indicated by the lower serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The levels of tight junction proteins including Claudin-1, ZO-1, and Occludin in the jejunum were elevated after AVA administration, accompanied by the improved intestinal morphology. Furthermore, AVA elevated the protein expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), thus the apoptozole, which a Hsp70 inhibitor, was applied in experiment 2 to assess the contribution of Hsp70-NF-κB signaling to the effects of AVA. In the experiment 2, the inhibition of Hsp70 signaling treatment abolished the beneficial effects of AVA on the small intestinal damage and other allergic symptoms in mice challenged with OVA. Taken together, our results indicated that AVA exerted an intestinal protection role in the OVA-induced allergy, the mechanism of which was partly mediated by the Hsp70-NF-κB signaling.
PP1, PP2A and PP2B Interplay in the Regulation of Sperm Motility: Lessons from Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors
Authors: Ferreira Ana F. , Santiago Joana , Silva Joana V. , Oliveira Pedro F. , Fardilha Margarida
Published: December 2022

Male fertility relies on the ability of spermatozoa to fertilize the egg in the female reproductive tract (FRT). Spermatozoa acquire activated motility during epididymal maturation; however, to be capable of fertilization, they must achieve hyperactivated motility in the FRT. Extensive research found that three protein phosphatases (PPs) are crucial to sperm motility regulation, the sperm-specific protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) isoform gamma 2 (PP1γ2), protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase type 2B (PP2B). Studies have reported that PP activity decreases during epididymal maturation, whereas protein kinase activity increases, which appears to be a requirement for motility acquisition. An interplay between these PPs has been extensively investigated; however, many specific interactions and some inconsistencies remain to be elucidated. The study of PPs significantly advanced following the identification of naturally occurring toxins, including calyculin A, okadaic acid, cyclosporin, endothall and deltamethrin, which are powerful and specific PP inhibitors. This review aims to overview the protein phosphorylation-dependent biochemical pathways underlying sperm motility acquisition and hyperactivation, followed by a discussion of the PP inhibitors that allowed advances in the current knowledge of these pathways. Since male infertility cases still attain alarming numbers, additional research on the topic is required, particularly using other PP inhibitors.
Nutrition Alters the Stiffness of Adipose Tissue and Cell Signaling
Authors: Naftaly Alex , Kislev Nadav , Izgilov Roza , Adler Raizel , Silber Michal , Shalgi Ruth , Benayahu Dafna
Published: December 2022

Adipose tissue is a complex organ composed of various cell types and an extracellular matrix (ECM). The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is dynamically altered in response to nutritional regimens that lead to local cues affecting the cells and ECM. The adipocytes are in conjunction with the surrounding ECM that maintains the tissue’s niche, provides a scaffold for cells and modulates their signaling. In this study, we provide a better understanding of the crosstalk between nutritional regimens and the ECM’s stiffness. Histological analyses showed that the adipocytes in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were increased in size, while the ECM was also altered with changes in mass and composition. HFD-fed mice exhibited a decrease in elastin and an increase in collagenous proteins. Rheometer measurements revealed a stiffer ECM in whole tissue (nECM) and decellularized (deECM) in HFD-fed animals. These alterations in the ECM regulate cellular activity and influence their metabolic function. HFD-fed mice expressed high levels of the receptor for advanced-glycation-end-products (RAGE), indicating that AGEs might play a role in these processes. The cells also exhibited an increase in phosphoserine332 of IRS-1, a decrease in the GLUT4 transporter levels at the cells’ membrane, and a consequent reduction in insulin sensitivity. These results show how alterations in the stiffness of ECM proteins can affect the mechanical cues transferred to adipocytes and, thereby, influence the adipocytes’ functionality, leading to metabolic disorders.