bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A discrete polynomials approach for optimal control of fractional Volterra integro-differential equations
Authors: Mohammadi Fakhrodin , Moradi Leila , Tenreiro Machado José António
Published: November 2020

This study develops an efficient numerical method for optimal control problems governed by fractional Volterra integro-differential equations. A new type of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a discrete norm, namely discrete Hahn polynomials, is introduced and its properties investigated. Fractional operational matrices for the orthogonal polynomials are also derived. A direct numerical algorithm supported by the discrete Hahn polynomials and operational matrices is used to approximate solution of optimal control problems governed by fractional Volterra integro-differential equations. Several examples are analyzed and the results compared with those of other methods. The required CPU time assesses the computational cost and complexity of the proposed method.
A suspension system with quasi-zero stiffness characteristics and inerter nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Zeng You-cheng , Ding Hu , Du Rong-Hua , Chen Li-Qun
Published: November 2020

In this article, a novel vibration control scheme of suspension systems is proposed. It combines the advantages of quasi-zero stiffness isolator, nonlinear energy sink absorber, and inerter. This proposed scheme can achieve low transmissibility, low amplitude, and low additional weight and resolve the conflict between riding comfort and handling stability. Strong nonlinear vibration equations of a quarter-vehicle suspension system are established. It also presents the detailed process of high-order harmonic approximation to obtain steady-state responses. Moreover, approximate solutions are validated by a numerical method. Furthermore, based on riding comfort and handling stability, the following four suspension systems are evaluated and compared, namely, 2-degree-of-freedom quarter-vehicle model, 2-degree-of-freedom quarter-vehicle with quasi-zero stiffness isolator, 2-degree-of-freedom quarter-vehicle with inerter-nonlinear energy sink absorber, and 2-degree-of-freedom quarter-vehicle integrated control scheme with quasi-zero stiffness and inerter-nonlinear energy sink. It is found that the integrated control scheme with quasi-zero stiffness and inerter-nonlinear energy sink can significantly improve the riding comfort and handling stability at the same time. In addition, the effects of system parameters are studied carefully. The results show that based on the reasonable design of the control system parameters, better riding comfort and handling stability can be obtained. In short, this article provides a theoretical basis for integrating quasi-zero stiffness isolators and inerter-nonlinear energy sink absorbers to improve the riding comfort and handling stability.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland size in two body weight categories of healthy adult cats
Authors: Pérez-López Laura , Wägner Ana María , Saavedra Pedro , Jaber Jose Raduan , Melián Carlos
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Adrenal gland size and its association with body weight have been rarely evaluated in cats. This study was undertaken to assess the association between feline body weight and adrenal gland thickness, and to propose reference intervals (RIs) for adrenal gland thickness in healthy cats.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study in which 39 healthy cats were included. The cats were divided into two weight categories, classified as ⩽4.0 kg and >4–8 kg of ideal body weight (with 13 and 26 cats in each group, respectively), which took into consideration the body condition score of the cats. All cats underwent an ultrasound examination that was taken from a subcostal position. Maximum dorsoventral thicknesses of the left (MTL) and right (MTR) adrenal glands were measured in a sagittal plane. RIs were obtained for the maximum thickness (MT), which included the MTLs and MTRs of each cat. RIs with the 90% confidence intervals were calculated according to American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines on RIs.

Results

No statistical differences for adrenal gland thickness were observed between the left and right ( P = 0.543) adrenal glands or between male and female cats ( P = 0.943). Mean MT was significantly greater in the group of cats weighing >4–8 kg compared with the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg (3.7 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 0.4 mm; P <0.005). The lower limit of the RI for MT was 2.4 mm (range 2.2–2.6 mm) in the group weighing ⩽4 kg and 2.6 mm (range 2.4–2.8 mm) in the group weighing >4–8 kg. The upper limit of the RI for MT was 3.9 mm (range 3.7–4.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm (range 4.6–5.1 mm) in the group of cats weighing >4–8 kg.

Conclusions and relevance

The use of RIs based on two group sizes allows for a more accurate ultrasonographic evaluation of adrenal gland thickness in cats. The maximum normal adrenal gland thickness is lower in smaller cats (3.9 mm for those weighing ⩽4 kg and 4.8 mm for those weighing >4–8 kg).
Late endoscopic evaluation of the ostium size after external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Al Huthail Reem R , Al-Faky Yasser H
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of chronicity on the size of the ostium after external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with intubation.

Methods:

Design: A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent external DCR with intubation over 10 years from January 2003 at a tertiary hospital. All patients were recruited and examined with rigid nasal endoscope.

Results:

A total number of 66 (85 eyes) patients were included. The mean age at the time of evaluation was 53.1 years with gender distribution of 54 females (81.8 %). The mean duration ±SD between the date of surgery and the date of evaluation was 33.2 ± 33.6 (6–118 months). Our study showed an overall anatomical and functional success of 98.8% and 95.3%, respectively. The mean size of the ostium (±SD) was 23.0 (±15.7) mm2 (ranging from 1 to 80.4 mm2). The size of the ostium was not a significant factor for failure ( p = 0.907). No statistically significant correlation was found between the long-term duration after surgery and the size of the ostium ( R: 0.025, p = 0.157).

Conclusions:

Nasal endoscopy after DCR is valuable in evaluating the ostium with no observed potential correlation between the long-term follow-up after surgery and the size of the ostium.
A narrative-informed evaluation of tree of life for parents of children with physical health conditions
Authors: Haselhurst Jessica , Moss Kate , Rust Stewart , Oliver James , Hughes Rhian , McGrath Catherine , Reed Daniel , Ferguson Lucy , Murray Joanne
Published: November 2020

Background:

Parents of children with chronic health conditions can face many challenges. The Tree of Life narrative therapy group intervention aims to connect parents with their skills and resources before collectively exploring the ‘storms’ (challenges) they face. A narrative-informed evaluation aimed to story the parents’ experiences of attending the group.

Methods:

Seven parents attended a Tree of Life group intervention and then participated in a narrative-informed group interview to generate stories regarding their experience of the group. The interview was recorded with consent and later transcribed.

Results:

A thematic analysis was undertaken and highlighted that the group offered parents a ‘safe place to stand’ to talk about difficulties; a different perspective on their situation; connection with the skills of other parents; new ideas to introduce more independence to their child; and togetherness within the ‘storms’ (challenges).

Conclusions:

The narrative-informed evaluation offered opportunities to further thicken parents’ preferred identity stories whilst also contributing to the evidence base of narrative-informed group interventions for parents.
Pathways from emotional intelligence to well-being and health outcomes among unemployed: Mediation by health-promoting behaviours
Authors: Peláez-Fernández María Angeles , Rey Lourdes , Extremera Natalio
Published: November 2020

This study investigated whether health-promoting behaviours mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and well-being and health outcomes in the unemployed population. Spanish unemployed (N = 530) completed questionnaires of EI, health-promoting lifestyles, subjective well-being and perceived health. Path-analytic results showed that EI predicted well-being and self-reported health. Health-promoting behaviours: spiritual growth, stress management and physical activity, partially mediated the link between EI and well-being and health outcomes. Findings are discussed in terms of the role that promoting health behaviours might play regarding to well-being and health outcomes after job-loss, and in developing of EI and health-promotion programmes for unemployed populations.
Considering frictional slippage at saddle-cable interface in seismic behavior of a suspension bridge
Authors: Zhao Canhui , Duan Jiahong , Zeng Xianzhi , Deng Kailai , Guo Jia , Yang Shaojun , Wen Qiang
Published: November 2020

Long-span suspension bridges are widely used in deep valleys, which face severe seismic risk. However, the potential saddle-cable frictional slippage under earthquake excitation as well as its influence on the seismic response of the whole suspension bridge has not yet been investigated. To investigate the effect of frictional slippage at the saddle-cable interface, this paper developed a nonlinear numerical model that considers the saddle-cable slippage. Another contrasting model with a non-slipping saddle-cable interface was used for quantitative comparison. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted using these two models. The saddle-cable interfacial response indicated the realization of the frictional slippage at the saddle-cable interface under the maximum considered earthquake. The overall damage patterns, critical sectional performance, main girder drift, and energy dissipation were discussed in detail. Under the design based and maximum considered intensities, the saddle-cable slippage was seldom observed. The visible frictional slippage was encountered only at ultimate safety earthquake, which could be helpful to limit the transferred load, protect the pylon from yielding, and dissipate approximately 14% of the input seismic energy. While the slippage could not evidently affect the overall deformation pattern of the suspension bridge, as well as the response of bearings and central buckles.
Peculiar responsibilization? Exploring a governing strategy in an atypical prison in the Global South
Authors: Avila Fernando , Sozzo Máximo
Published: November 2020

Based on an ethnographic study of “Punta de Rieles” prison in Uruguay, where more than 600 prisoners coexist with increased levels of autonomy in a relatively peaceful environment, and that heavily relies on responsibilization as a strategy of governance, we seek to contribute to the analysis of the characteristics and boundaries of responsibilization in prison settings beyond the Global North. Considering the strong link between responsibilization and neoliberalism in recent prison studies, we describe the loose, lay and informal nature of responsibilization and the elements of collectivism that are present in our case study, connecting this strategy with broader political and cultural developments in this national context.
Self-censorship: Foreign journalists’ reportage of Turkey
Authors: Davis Miles P
Published: November 2020

This article examines the roles of the hierarchy of influences and the imagined audience on reporting. This article uses five interviews with foreign journalists to examine how both the hierarchy of influences and the imagined audience affect foreign journalists’ reportage of Turkey. Both freelance workers and fulltime employees of newspapers were interviewed to gather data.
The value of the post-captopril aldosterone/renin ratio for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and the influential factors: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xiang Qiao , Wang Wen , Chen Tao , Yu Kai , Li Qianrui , Zhang Tingting , Tian Haoming , Ren Yan
Published: November 2020

Objective:

The procedure for the captopril challenge test (CCT) in diagnosing primary aldosteronism (PA) is not standardized. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the controversial diagnostic value and influential factors of the post-captopril aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR).

Methods:

We searched literature in databases for eligible studies (until October 1, 2020). We extracted information regarding study and patient characteristics, CCT methods, outcome data. We pooled studies using the random-effect model. We performed meta-regression and six pre-specified subgroup analyses to explore heterogeneity.

Results:

Nineteen studies involving 4568 subjects were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.825 (95% CI 0.804–0.844) and 0.919 (95% CI 0.908–0.928). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9487 (95% CI 0.9207–0.9767). Meta-regression revealed that heterogeneity might derive from time interval ( p = 0.0117) and study population ( p = 0.0033). Subgroup analyses showed significant differences between the subgroups stratified by the dose, posture, study region, time interval, cut-off value and study population for sensitivity and/or specificity ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Post-captopril ARR is comparably valuable for diagnosing PA at cut-offs from 12.0 to 50.0. Conducting the CCT in the supine position with 25 mg of captopril may attain greater sensitivity. Conducting the CCT in the seated position with 50 mg of captopril may attain greater specificity. A 90-min time interval may perform best in both the sensitivity and specificity.
Amiloride: A review
Authors: Sun Qianhui , Sever Peter
Published: November 2020

Amiloride is a potassium retaining diuretic and natriuretic which acts by reversibly blocking luminal epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the late distal tubule and collecting duct. Amiloride is indicated in oedematous states, and for potassium conservation adjunctive to thiazide or loop diuretics for hypertension, congestive heart failure and hepatic cirrhosis with ascites. Historical studies on its use in hypertension were poorly controlled and there is insufficient data on dose-response. It is clearly highly effective in combination with thiazide diuretics where it counteracts the adverse metabolic effects of the thiazides and its use in the Medical Research Council Trial of Older Hypertensive Patients, demonstrated convincing outcome benefits on stroke and coronary events. Recently it has been shown to be as effective as spironolactone in resistant hypertension but there is a real need to establish its potential role in the much larger number of patients with mild to moderate hypertension in whom there is a paucity of information with amiloride particularly across an extended dose range.
The Predictive Power of College Football Spreads: Regular Season Versus Bowl Games
Authors: Cox Justin , Schwartz Adam L. , Van Ness Bonnie F. , Van Ness Robert A.
Published: November 2020

This paper compares the predictive accuracy and efficiency of college football point spreads for regular and bowl games. We find that the betting line spread is more accurate as a predictor of the eventual winner for college football games during the regular season than for the bowl games. Although the betting market is mostly efficient with regard to the favorite covering the spread, we do find several inefficiencies in the betting market for regular and bowl games within transaction costs. Specifically, we find the betting market to be an inefficient processor of momentum effects, particularly negative momentum.
The Application of Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound in Dermatology and Wound Management
Authors: Izzetti Rossana , Oranges Teresa , Janowska Agata , Gabriele Mario , Graziani Filippo , Romanelli Marco
Published: November 2020

The management of lower extremity wounds is frequently performed by means of clinical examination, representing a challenge for the clinician due to the various conditions that can potentially enter differential diagnosis. Several diagnostic techniques are available in the dermatologist’s arsenal as a support to diagnosis confirmation, including dermoscopy and ultrasonography. Recently, a novel ultrasonographic technique involving the use of ultra-high ultrasound frequencies has entered the scene, and appears a promising tool in the diagnostic workup of skin ulcerative lesions. The focus of this review is to discuss the potential role of ultra-high-frequency ultrasonography in the diagnostic workup of wounds in the light of the current applications of the technique.
Use of Unconventional Therapies in Super-refractory Status Epilepticus: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Vallecoccia Maria Sole , Martinotti Alessandra , Siddi Chiara , Dominedò Cristina , Cingolani Emiliano
Published: November 2020

Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a life-threatening condition characterized by the persistence or recurrence of seizures despite the use of first- and second-line antiepileptic drugs and the continuous infusion of anesthetics for more than 24 hours. This has always been a challenge for the physician, given the high mortality and morbidity related to this condition. Unfortunately, there are currently no definitive data to guide the therapy, since most of the therapeutic approaches regarding SRSE come from anecdotal evidence. Here, we present a case report of long-persisting new-onset SRSE treated with unconventional therapies recently reported to be successful such as ketamine, ketogenic diet, and tocilizumab, that could have played an important role in the management of this patient. A review of the literature regarding those is also included. SRSE has been reported to have long hospital length of stay, with a small percentage of patients returning to baseline functional status. Moreover, recent evidence showed that functional and cognitive outcome could depend on seizure duration, so prolonged duration of epileptic activity with abnormalities on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be seen as a reason to discontinue treatment. However, despite many weeks of seizures and a noncomforting MRI, our patient was discharged with a good functional status.
Gottlieb Burckhardt (1836-1907): 19th-Century Pioneer of Psychosurgery
Authors: Michaleas Spyros N. , Tsoucalas Gregory , Tzavellas Elias , Stranjalis George , Karamanou Marianna
Published: November 2020

Gottlieb Burckhardt was a 19th-century Swiss psychiatrist who introduced the psychosurgical method known as topectomy as a means to relieve the symptoms of aggression and agitation in individuals diagnosed with mental disease. Specifically, he performed topical excision of part of the cerebral cortex on 6 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Most of these patients became more approachable and easier to manage, but they also showed signs of aphasia or seizures, and 2 died soon after the surgery. Burckhardt’s presentation of the results of his surgical procedures to the Berlin Medical Congress in 1890 caused an enormous controversy within the European medical community and resulted in his ostracism from it. He continued practicing, however and dispensing advice in his role as a mental hospital director, though he soon gave up his surgical endeavours. His innovative theory of higher cerebral functions anticipated the lobotomy procedure that was developed nearly half a century later by the neurologist Egas Moniz (1874-1955).
Intraoperative Botulinum Toxin Chemodenervation and Analgesia in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Blaha Lauren , Chouliaras Konstantinos , White Andrew , McNatt Stephen , Westcott Carl
Published: November 2020

Purpose. To analyze the impact of botulinum toxin chemodenervation on postoperative opiate consumption through a novel intraoperative injection protocol. Methods. A retrospective review of the implementation of a novel intraoperative botulinum toxin injection into both rectus and oblique musculature. Patients undergoing open retrorectus release, with and without intraoperative chemodenervation with Botox, were retrospectively collected between 2015 and 2019. Demographics, comorbidities, and opioid use in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) were retrospectively captured. Basic descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were performed. Results. 19 patients in the Botox and 22 in the no Botox group were analyzed. Basic demographics were similar with female preponderance in the Botox group, 58% vs 27%, P = .05. Median hernia length was 15 cm for both groups ( P = .57), median hernia width was 8 vs 9 cm ( P = .39), epidural catheter used in 0 vs 4 ( P = .11), transverse abdominal plane blocks in 3 vs 4 ( P = 1), median MME usage was 191 vs 230 ( P = .37) in the inpatient setting, 225 vs 300 ( P = .17) in the outpatient setting, and 405 vs 568 ( P = .07) in total for Botox vs no Botox groups. Stepwise linear regression analysis identified Botox as the only predictor for MME usage, P = .048. Conclusions. Chemodenervation was the only factor associated with reduced opioid usage compared to a standard group using multimodality analgesia. The role of muscular pain in laparotomy is likely underappreciated and understudied. Intraoperative selective muscular chemodenervation may play a significant role in recovery from abdominal surgery and requires further study.
The Relations Among Physical Indicators, Cognitive Status, Community Participation, and Depression of the Frail Male Elderly in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hsiang-Chun , Chang Shu-Fang , Chen Yen-Hung
Published: November 2020

This study explored the basic attributes, physiological indices, cognitive states, and community participation of older male outpatients with frailty for predicting depression. Questionnaires were collected using purposive sampling from a medical clinic in a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. One hundred and ninety frail men enrolled as participants. The results revealed that older male adults with frailty, the age, residence, income, self-reported health status, alcohol consumption, total instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scores in physiological indices, IADL grouping, cognitive state score, each Mini-Mental State Examination category, and involvement and dedication scores exhibited statistical differences from depression scores. Depression determinants, such as an excellent and normal self-reported health status and IADL total score, could predict the depression status of male older adults with frailty. Nursing personnel should assess the self-reported health status and self-care ability of male older adults with frailty early to prevent or delay geriatric depression.
Intracranial aneurysms managed by parent artery reconstruction using Tubridge: Study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, post-market clinical trial
Authors: Wu Qiaowei , Li Li , Shao Qiuji , Xu Tianming , Chang Kaitao , Li Tianxiao , He Yingkun
Published: November 2020

Background

As a new endovascular reconstruction technique, flow diverter (FD) shows excellent efficacy and safety for treatment of intracranial aneurysms. In a previous multicenter, randomized, controlled, pre-market study, Tubridge FD showed remarkably higher complete occlusion rate compared with traditional stent-assisted coiling. However, a nonsignificant higher complication rate in the Tubridge group was noted. Considering the learning curve, the safety, and long-term outcomes of Tubridge FD should be verified in new prospective, real world, multicenter, post-market trials.

Methods

This study is a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, post-market clinical trial that evaluates the safety and efficacy of Tubridge in the treatment of patients with intracranial aneurysms by reconstructing parent artery. We expect 200 participants who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria to be included. Clinical information and angiographic results (Raymond–Roy grading scale, RRGS) will be recorded objectively. The primary endpoint will be the complete occlusion rate of the target aneurysm (RRGS 1) at 12-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints will include the adequate occlusion rate (RRGS 1 & 2) and the rate of major in-stent stenosis (>50%) at 12-month follow-up, technique success rate, changes of modified Rankin Scale before and after the procedure, the rate of aneurysm related disability, neurological mortality, and all-cause mortality within follow-up period.

Discussion

This post-market, prospective trial may offer more information on the safety and long-term outcomes of Tubridge FD. When the study is complete, the results may provide us a new strategy for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Trial registration: WHO-Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000032282.
Down syndrome and breastfeeding: A systematic review
Authors: Magenis Marina Lummertz , de Faveri Wanessa , Castro Kamila , Forte Gabriele Carra , Grande Antonio Jose , Perry Ingrid Schweigert
Published: November 2020

Several conditions related to serious difficulty in initiating and maintaining breastfeeding in neonates with Down syndrome are described in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of breastfeeding in neonates with Down syndrome, as well as the reasons for not breastfeeding, through a systematic literature review by searching MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase via Elsevier, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. Sixteen studies were included with a total sample size of 2022 children with Down syndrome. The frequency of exclusive breastfeeding was 31.6–55.4%, with five studies reporting breastfeeding for longer than 6 months. Breastfeeding from birth was present for 48–92.5% of the children with Down syndrome in six studies. Two studies reported that around 50% and 23.3% of the children with Down syndrome were never breastfed, and rates of breastfeeding in infants with Down syndrome were lower than those in controls in three studies. The reasons for not breastfeeding or cessation of breastfeeding were associated with Down syndrome-specific challenges, maternal reasons, and healthcare aspects.
Synthesis and catalytic properties of a novel copper- and manganese-substituted cerium dioxide for benzene remediation
Authors: Yang Jae Hwan , You Jeong Hyun
Published: November 2020

Catalysts based on inexpensive and abundant transition metals are necessary for effective environmental remediation. In this study, a series of CuMn-CeO2 catalysts is synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method. The properties of the as-prepared catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The introduction of dopants results in rougher surfaces with greater surface areas and pore volumes as well as more surface defects. Furthermore, the dopant-added catalysts exhibit higher activities for benzene oxidation, as the temperature required for 90% benzene removal with Cu4Mn1-CeO2 (656 K) was 231 K lower than that required with CeO2. The superior performance of the dopant-added CeO2 catalyst is attributed to the generation of defect-rich surfaces due to the isomorphous substitution of Cu and Mn in the crystal lattice of CeO2.
Preparation and characterization of two lanthanide complexes with one-dimensional chain-like structures
Authors: Luo Hui , Chen Wen-Tong
Published: November 2020

Two novel RE–Hg (RE = rare earth) complexes [RE(IA)3(H3O)2]2 n·2 n(HgCl4)· n(HgCl5)· nH2O·3 nH3O (RE = Y, 1; Lu, 2; IA = isonicotinic acid anion) were synthesized through hydrothermal reactions and are structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The two complexes are isostructures and are characteristic of a one-dimensional chain-like structure. Both complexes are characterized by a three-dimensional supramolecular network. Photoluminescence experiments using solid-state samples show that they possess emission bands in the blue or red region. They have remarkable CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.1172, 0.182) and (0.623, 0.3765), respectively. As a result, they are potential candidates for light-emitting materials for light-emitting diodes. They show wide optical band gaps of 3.29 eV and 2.89 eV, as revealed by the solid-state UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectra.
Novel synthesis of furancarboxylate derivatives via cyclization reactions of (E)-ethyl 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylates and ethyl glycinate hydrochloride
Authors: Luo Naili , Wang Shan , Su Zhenjie , Wang Cunde
Published: November 2020

An efficient synthetic approach for the preparation of densely substituted furans starting from ( E)-ethyl 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylates and ethyl glycinate hydrochloride mediated by 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene in the presence of water is investigated. The reactions are carried out under mild conditions in N,N-dimethylformamide at 95 °C. The products are cleanly obtained in 50%–57% yields, resulting in an appealing alternative for accessing polysubstituted furan-2,4-dicarboxylates. The structure of a typical product, diethyl 5-amino-3-( p-tolyl)furan-2,4-dicarboxylate, is confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
A new 11,10-guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme Linn
Authors: Hu Fei-Feng , Qi Dan-Dan , Xu Sha , Mao Wei
Published: November 2020

Chamaejasmone F, a new 11,10-guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid, is isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme Linn., along with four known compounds including two guaiane sesquiterpenoids and two lignans. The structure of the new compound is elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, especially two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The known compounds 1β-hydroxy-10βH-guaia-4,11-dien-3-one and (+)-hinokinin are isolated from the genus Stellera for the first time. In an in vitro assay, chamaejasmone F shows moderate cytotoxic activity against the human triple negative breast cancer cell line MB-MDA-231.
1,2,3-triazole-dithiocarbamate-naphthalimides: Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation
Authors: Chen Qiu Mei , Li Zhen , Tian Guang Xun , Chen Yi , Wu Xiang Hua
Published: November 2020

Fifteen novel dithiocarbamate-derived naphthalimides as a type of potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents were synthesized and characterized by spectral and analytical techniques. The structures of 2b, 5a, and 7b were established by X-ray crystallography. Their in vitro antitumor activities were evaluated by the MTT method against MDA-MB-231, HepG-2, PC12, as well as A549. Based on the results of the MTT assay, compound 7c bearing a morpholinyl substituent displayed the highest activity and selectivity toward HepG-2 cancer cells with an IC50 of 10.86 µM. All new compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The preliminary results showed that compound 7d (an N-methyl piperazine) showed high efficacy against B. subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 7.6 µM, which was superior to that of the clinical drug, Cefuroxim. It is found that the anticancer and antibacterial activities of the dithiocarbamate-naphthalimide derivatives were significantly enhanced when bearing a 1,2,3-triazole group.
Structural diversity induced by ligand geometry: From two-dimensional to three-dimensional coordination polymers with pyridine
Authors: Wang Fang-Kuo , Yang Shi-Yao , Dong Hua-Ze
Published: November 2020

Two coordination polymers with two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures are, {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n (1) (H2bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) and [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n (2) (H3btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), synthesized by hot-solution reactions of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, pyridine (py) and two different ligands in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n exhibits two-dimensional networks with trizinc subunits [Zn3(COO)6py2] stacking with a layer-by-layer alignment, and there are strong π–π interactions involving py from adjacent layers. [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n has a three-dimensional structure containing two independent zinc ions, tetrahedral ZnO4 and octahedral ZnNO5. Based on X-ray studies, the coordination polymers {[Zn3(bdc)3(py)2]·2NMP}n (1) have a porous structure with NMP guest molecules. In contrast, X-ray studies revealed that coordination polymer [Zn2(NO3−)(btc)(nmp)2(py)]n (2) had a larger void that was inhabited by coordinated py and NMP. In addition, the form of the two coordination polymers changed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional with transformation of the ligand geometry.
A practical synthesis of deuterated methylamine and dimethylamine
Authors: Liu Zhaogang , Ren Xiangyu , Wang Peng
Published: November 2020

In recent years, several deuterated drugs have entered clinical trials and have been approved for use. Deuterated methylamine and dimethylamine as important intermediates play significant roles in the preparation of deuterated drugs. In this study, we have developed a new method to prepare deuterated methylamine and dimethylamine. This method employs Boc-benzylamine as the starting material and TsOCD3 as the deuterated methylation reagent. Our method gives relatively high yields and involves simple purifications, which provide a favourable supplement for the development and synthesis of deuterated drugs in the future.
Primary care genomic research: One eye on the future
Authors: Evans Philip H , Rafi Imran , Hayward Judith , Dineen Molly , Walter Fiona M.
Published: November 2020

The exceptional advances in genomic medicine in the last two decades, since the sequencing of the human genome, have already had a major impact on healthcare in the UK. Until recently this was predominantly in secondary and tertiary care, but we must now integrate ‘mainstream’ genomics in primary care. So far integration has of necessity been empirical, but must progress towards implementation research. We describe recent work undertaken by the RCGP and the NIHR CRN outlining areas where research is needed to fully integrate genomics into routine primary care and secure the future of these exciting developments.
Is a proton-pump inhibitor necessary after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms? A propensity score analysis
Authors: Kanaoka Hideaki , Iwatsubo Taro , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Kojima Yuichi , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Hakoda Akitoshi , Nishida Shinya , Kawaguchi Shinpei , Ota Kazuhiro , Shiba Masatsugu , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: November 2020

Background:

Little is known about the efficacy of proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in the management of esophageal ulcers after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of PPI in ulcer healing following ESD for superficial esophageal neoplasms, using a propensity score analytic approach.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single referral center. Between April 2005 and August 2015, 199 consecutive patients with superficial esophageal cancer and esophageal dysplasia underwent ESD. For patients with PPI administration, intravenous PPI therapy was commenced immediately after ESD, and oral PPI was administered daily from post-operative day 3, until ulcer healing was identified. We compared the remnant-ulcer rate at 4 weeks after esophageal ESD between the PPI administration and non-PPI groups, using propensity scores and the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method.

Results:

After exclusions, a total of 88 patients were analyzed. The remnant-ulcer rate at 4 weeks after ESD was 25.5% (12/47) and 14.6% (6/41) in the PPI administration and non-PPI groups ( p = 0.21). After adjusting for background factors using IPTW, the risk of a remnant ulcer in the PPI administration group was not decreased significantly compared with that in the non-PPI group [odds ratio (OR) = 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–7.97, p = 0.15]. Furthermore, PPI therapy did not decrease significantly the remnant-ulcer rate on logistic regression analysis after adjusting for the propensity score (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 0.69–8.32, p = 0.15).

Conclusion:

PPI administration does not promote ulcer healing after ESD for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Inhibitory Activity of 8 Alkaloids on P-gp and Their Distribution in Chinese Uncaria Species
Authors: Gai Yanan , Yang Nannan , Chen Jian
Published: November 2020

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition conduces to improving the ability of chemicals to cross through blood-brain barrier (BBB). The hook-bearing branch of Uncaria is used as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of hypertension, headache, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease in recent years. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 8 alkaloids sourced from Uncaria plants on P-gp were evaluated. Meanwhile, the content of 8 alkaloids in 8 Chinese Uncaria species was quantified simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Western blotting, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the P-gp levels in MCF-7/adriamycin-resistant (ADR) cells. It was shown that hirsuteine and hirsutine, selected from 8 candidate alkaloids, could remarkably suppressed P-gp level and function in MCF-7/ADR cells when using Verapamil as positive control. By tracking their chemical distribution in 8 Chinese Uncaria species, we found that hirsuteine and hirsutine were much more abundant in Uncaria rhynchophylla and Uncaria hirsuta than in any other 6 species. And a chemical content profile of these alkaloids was plotted within 8 Chinese species.
Three Lockdown Poems
Authors: Wyatt Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Three poems written during the period of “lockdown” in the UK in early 2020. Each poem works in, and responds to, the confluence of the personal, the material, and the socio-political.
From Strategic to Transformative Foresight: Using Space to Transform Time
Authors: Inayatullah Sohail , Sweeney John A.
Published: November 2020

Conversation with Sohail Inayatullah, UNESCO Chair in Futures Studies. Professor, Tamkang University; Adjunct Professor, the University of the Sunshine Coast; and Associate, Melbourne Business School, the University of Melbourne.
Bioinformatics-Based Research on Key Genes and Pathways of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Yan Qi , Xiao Quan , Ge Jun , Wu Cenhao , Wang Yingjie , Yu Hao , Yang Huilin , Zou Jun
Published: November 2020

Objective

To find out the pathways and key genes and to reveal disc degeneration pathogenesis based on bioinformatic analyses.

Design

The GSE70362 dataset was downloaded from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the patients having disc degeneration and healthy controls were screened by Limma package in R language. Critical genes were identified by adopting gene ontologies (GOs), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks.

Results

We identified 112 DEGs, including 60 genes which were upregulated and 52 that were downregulated. Analyses, such as GO and KEGG demonstrated that the DEGs got enriched in 4 biological processes and 2 signaling pathways, mainly related to disc degeneration. The PPI network analyses identified 5 key proteins, CCND1 (cyclin D1), GATA3, TNFSF11, LEF1, and DKK1 (Dickkopf related protein 1).

Conclusion

In this study, the DEGs and pathways determined promoted us understand the disc degeneration mechanisms. Also, the study may contribute novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of disc degeneration, and seek new treatment methods to repair and even regenerate degenerative intervertebral disc.
How We Perceive Others Resembling Us
Authors: Hoffmann Alexandra , Maran Thomas , Sachse Pierre
Published: November 2020

Eye contact is essential for social cognition, acting as an important tool for social communication. While differences in face scanning patterns concerning familiarity have been thoroughly investigated, the impact of facial similarity on gaze behavior has not been examined yet. We addressed this topic by recording subjects’ eye-directed gazing while looking at faces that were individually created systematically varying in terms of similarity to the self-face and familiarity. Subjects’ self-faces were morphed into three other faces including a close friend of the same sex. Afterwards, they rated similarity to their self-face of those morphed face stimuli in a separate rating task. Our results show a general preference for the eyes’ area as well as differences regarding fixation patterns depending on similarity to the self-face. The lower the similarity to the self-face, the more fixations on the eyes’ area. Subjects’ ratings followed a linear line, indicating well-pronounced face perception. Nevertheless, other faces were rated faster than the self-face independent of familiarity, while morphed faces got the slowest ratings. Our results mirror the importance of similarity to the self-face as a factor shaping the way we look at the eyes of others explaining variance apart from familiarity.
Priming Effects of Social Media Use Scales on Well-Being Outcomes: The Influence of Intensity and Addiction Scales on Self-Reported Depression
Authors: Mieczkowski Hannah , Lee Angela Y , Hancock Jeffrey T
Published: November 2020

To understand behavior on social media, researchers have created and validated dozens of scales. Many can be sorted into two main categories: those that focus on the intensity of social media use and those that focus on addictive aspects. These scales tend to result in different conclusions regarding people’s well-being: studies asking about addiction find that social media use is often associated with higher reported depression scores, whereas studies focusing on intensity typically find an association with improved well-being. While these different outcomes may be explained by real underlying differences in well-being, the difference may also be due to the priming effects that addiction and intensity scales have on subsequent well-being measures. In this article, we report on two studies that examine priming effects on reported depression for these two types of social media use scales. We examine the possibility that different associations between social media and depression may be caused by the survey design itself, not by underlying differences in depression. In light of our findings, we propose that researchers investigating the relationship between social media and well-being adopt the methodology of asking questions about well-being before questions about social media use to mitigate effects of priming.
Discerning the body: Recentering Christian community in the vocational formation of university undergraduates
Authors: Boyles John H , Pittman Amanda Jo
Published: November 2020

We report and analyze undergraduate students’ perceptions of vocation and propose constructive responses that prepare students for purposeful Christian lives. Discussion in focus groups elicited accounts of vocation as oriented toward positive relational impact but shaped by a latent individualism and an underdeveloped sense of the vocational implications of Christian community. We propose expanding on this relational orientation by helping students to “discern the body” in three ways: reflecting on their own embeddedness in the body of Christ, participating in the body through mentoring relationships, and grounding their future vocational journeys as part of a body shaped by Christological hope.
LINC01018 and SMIM25 sponged miR-182-5p in endometriosis revealed by the ceRNA network construction
Authors: Jiang Li , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Sixue , Xiao Yuzhen , Wu Jingni , Zhou Yuxin , Fang Xiaoling
Published: November 2020

The current study intended to explore the interaction of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) under the background of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in endometriosis (EMs). The differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), differentially expressed lncRNA (DELs), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between EMs ectopic (EC) and eutopic (EU) endometrium based on three RNA-sequencing datasets (GSE105765, GSE121406, and GSE105764) were identified, which were used for the construction of ceRNA network. Then, DEGs in the ceRNA network were performed with Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Besides, the DEmiRs in the ceRNA network were validated in GSE124010. And the target DELs and DEGs of verified DEmiRs were validated in GSE86534. The correlation of verified DEmiRs, DEGs, and DELs was explored. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied to investigate the function of verified DEmiRs, DEGs, and DELs. Overall, 1352 DEGs and 595 DELs from GSE105764, along with 27 overlapped DEmiRs between GSE105765 and GSE121406, were obtained. Subsequently, a ceRNA network, including 11 upregulated and 16 downregulated DEmiRs, 7 upregulated and 13 downregulated DELs, 48 upregulated and 46 downregulated DEGs, was constructed. The GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that this ceRNA network probably was associated with inflammation-related pathways. Furthermore, hsa-miR-182-5p and its target DELs (LINC01018 and SMIM25) and DEGs (BNC2, CHL1, HMCN1, PRDM16) were successfully verified in the validation analysis. Besides, hsa-miR-182-5p was significantly negatively correlated with these target DELs and DEGs. The GSEA analysis implied that high expression of LINC01018, SMIM25, and CHL1, and low expression of hsa-miR-182-5p would activate inflammation-related pathways in endometriosis EU samples.

LINC01018 and SMIM25 might sponge hsa-miR-182-5p to upregulate downstream genes such as CHL1 to promote the development of endometriosis.
Can TQM Act as Stimulus to Elevate Firms’ Innovation Performance?: An Empirical Evidence From the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Mushtaq Naveed , Peng Wong Wai
Published: November 2020

The current research empirically investigated whether total quality management (TQM) as a multidimensional construct (organic and mechanistic) has a better explanatory power toward innovation performance dimensions with the mediating effect of business innovation capability (BIC) and moderating effect of business innovation culture. After an in-depth examination of the literature, a holistic TQM–BIC–innovation performance framework is being developed based on theoretical knowledge as well as empirical justification. This would help scholars and practitioners to comprehend ways through which quality and innovation are integrated. To this end, structural equation modeling–partial least squares (SEM-PLS) is used for analyzing the data. It has been found that both soft and hard TQM trigger innovation performance and firm BIC mediates this relationship. Lastly, the role of business innovation culture in enhancing firm’s radical innovation performance was empirically established. Thus, developing BIC and business innovation culture in a TQM-based firm could trigger innovating performance.
Beyond Just the Average Effect: Variation in Head Start Treatment Effects on Parenting Behavior
Authors: Padilla Christina M.
Published: November 2020

Parent engagement has been a cornerstone of Head Start since its inception in 1965. Prior studies have found evidence for small to moderate impacts of Head Start on parenting behaviors but have not considered the possibility that individual Head Start programs might vary meaningfully in their effectiveness at improving parenting outcomes. The present study uses the Head Start Impact Study to examine the average effect of random assignment to and participation in Head Start on parenting outcomes as well as variation in that effect across Head Start programs. Findings reveal that Head Start is effective on average at promoting parents’ daily reading and overall literacy and math activities with children but that effects vary significantly for parents’ literacy and math activities, with some programs much more and some much less effective than their local alternatives. Findings also demonstrate that Head Start has consistent near-zero impacts across centers on parents’ disciplinary interactions with children.