bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of oral antiplatelet for patients who had acute ischaemic stroke undergoing endovascular therapy
Authors: Huo Xiaochuan , ­ Raynald , Jing Jing , Wang Anxin , Mo Dapeng , Gao Feng , Ma Ning , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun , Miao Zhongrong
Published: November 2020

Background and purpose

To investigate the safety and efficacy of oral antiplatelet therapy (APT) for patients who had acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), receiving endovascular therapy (EVT).

Methods

Patients were divided into non-APT group and APT (single APT or dual APT (DAPT)) group. The safety and efficacy endpoints at 3-month follow-up were symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH), recanalisation rate, clinical outcome and mortality.

Results

Among 915 patients who had AIS, those in APT group (n=199) showed shorter puncture-to-recanalisation time, lower frequency of intravenous thrombolysis and more use of tirofiban compared with those in non-antiplatelet group (n=716) (p<0.05 for all). Oral APT was found to be associated with superior clinical outcome compared with non-APT (APT (44.2%) versus non-APT (41.1%)), adjusted OR=2.605, 95% CI 1.244 to 5.455, p=0.011). DAPT showed superior clinical outcome compared with non-APT (DAPT (56.5%) versus non-APT (41.1%), adjusted OR=5.405, 95% CI 1.614 to 18.102, p=0.006) and lower risk of mortality at 3-month follow-up (DAPT (4.8%) versus non-DAPT (17.7%), adjusted OR=0.008, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.441, p=0.019). There was no significant difference in sICH between the two groups.

Conclusions

Oral APT prior to undergoing EVT is safe and may accompany with superior clinical outcomes. DAPT may associate with superior clinical outcomes and lower risk of mortality.
‘Long-COVID’: a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19
Authors: Mandal Swapna , Barnett Joseph , Brill Simon E , Brown Jeremy S , Denneny Emma K , Hare Samanjit S , Heightman Melissa , Hillman Toby E , Jacob Joseph , Jarvis Hannah C , Lipman Marc C I , Naidu Sindhu B , Nair Arjun , Porter Joanna C , Tomlinson Gillian S , Hurst John R
Published: November 2020

Large numbers of people are being discharged from hospital following COVID-19 without assessment of recovery. In 384 patients (mean age 59.9 years; 62% male) followed a median 54 days post discharge, 53% reported persistent breathlessness, 34% cough and 69% fatigue. 14.6% had depression. In those discharged with elevated biomarkers, 30.1% and 9.5% had persistently elevated d-dimer and C reactive protein, respectively. 38% of chest radiographs remained abnormal with 9% deteriorating. Systematic follow-up after hospitalisation with COVID-19 identifies the trajectory of physical and psychological symptom burden, recovery of blood biomarkers and imaging which could be used to inform the need for rehabilitation and/or further investigation.
Acute Care Surgery Billing, Coding and Documentation Series Part 1: Basic Evaluation and Management (E/M), Emergency Department E/M, Prolonged Services, Adult Critical Care Documentation and Coding
Authors: Esposito Thomas , Reed Robert , Adams Raeanna C , Fakhry Samir , Carey Dolores , Crandall Marie L
Published: November 2020

This series of reviews has been produced to assist both the experienced surgeon and coder, as well as those just starting practice that may have little formal training in this area. Understanding this complex system will allow the provider to work ‘smarter, not harder’ and garner the maximum compensation for their work. We hope we have been successful in achieving that goal and that this series will provide useful information and be worth the time invested in reading it by bringing tangible benefits to the efficiency of practice and its reimbursement.
Nutritive values of double-low rapeseed expellers and rapeseed meal with or without supplementation of multi-enzyme in pigs
Authors: Li Peili , Lyu Zhiqian , Wang Lu , Huang Bingbing , Lai Changhua
Published: November 2020

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding multi-enzyme on the available energy concentration and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids of double-low rapeseed expellers (RSE) and rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs. In Experiment 1, a total of 36 growing barrows were fed six diets in a replicated 3 × 2 factorial design. Diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet, RSE diet, and RSM diet with or without multi-enzyme (1000 U g−1 of cellulase, 10 000 U g−1 of xylanase, 2000 U g−1 of glucanase, and 10 000 U g−1 of protease). In Experiment 2, a total of 30 crossbred pigs were randomly allotted to five diets consisting of a nitrogen-free diet and four cornstarch-based diets containing RSE or RSM with or without multi-enzyme. Multi-enzyme supplementation significantly improved (P < 0.05) the metabolizable energy (ME) value and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, and it tended to increase (P < 0.10) the ATTD of gross energy and digestible energy in ingredients. With the exception of phenylalanine, multi-enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the SID of crude protein (CP) and all amino acids (AA) in ingredients. Multi-enzyme supplementation enhanced fiber degradation and increased the ME value and SID of CP as well as most AA in double-low rapeseed co-products fed to pigs.
Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in Greenland — mixed-stock origin, diet, hydrographic conditions, and repeated catches in this new fringe area
Authors: Jansen Teunis , Nielsen Einar Eg , Rodriguez-Ezpeleta Naiara , Arrizabalaga Haritz , Post Søren , MacKenzie Brian R.
Published: November 2020

Based on collaboration with the Greenlandic fishing fleet, we document the presence of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in most years from 2012 to 2018 in the waters east of Greenland (northern Irminger Sea). In total, 84 individuals have been registered as bycatch in the commercial fisheries in Greenland waters, which indicates that the first catch of three individuals in 2012 was not a single extreme observation, but that East Greenland waters have become a new outer limit of an expanded tuna habitat. Genetic analyses indicate that specimens from this region are mostly of Mediterranean origin with a small proportion originating from the Gulf of Mexico stock. Stomach content analysis suggests that the main prey is Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). The tunas ranged in size from 140 to 270 cm, corresponding to an estimated age range of 5–16 years; most were probably mature. The wide size–age range suggests that many year classes are participating in the migration to this region. Sea temperatures during summer have been above the long-term average in recent years of interest. Summer residence of bluefin tuna in the region could be due to a combination of increasing temperatures and higher overall abundances of both bluefin tuna and a key prey species (Atlantic mackerel).
Inhibition of glutamatergic transmission and neuronal excitability by oxycodone in the rat hippocampal CA3 neurons
Authors: Lu Cheng-Wei , Lin Tzu-Yu , Huang Shu-Kuei , Chiu Kuan-Ming , Lee Ming-Yi , Huang Jih-Hsin , Wang Su-Jane
Published: November 2020

Oxycodone, a semisynthetic opioid analgesic with actions similar to morphine, is extensively prescribed for treatment of moderate to severe acute pain. Given that glutamate plays a crucial role in mediating pain transmission, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oxycodone on glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal CA3 area, which is associated with the modulation of nociceptive perception. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that oxycodone effectively reduced presynaptic glutamate release, as detected by decreased frequencies of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs), without eliciting significant changes in the amplitudes of sEPSCs and mEPSCs and glutamate-evoked inward currents. The inhibitory effect of oxycodone on the frequency of sEPSCs was blocked by the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. In addition, oxycodone suppressed burst firing induced by 4-aminopyridine and tonic repetitive firing evoked by the applied depolarizing current. These results suggest that oxycodone inhibits spontaneous presynaptic glutamate release possibly by activating opioid receptors and consequently suppressing the neuronal excitability of hippocampal CA3 neurons.
Implications of new phase transitions approach onto specific black holes
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Chaudhary Shahid
Published: November 2020

Among many open questions in theoretical physics, consistent quantum gravity theory is still a major issue to be solved. Recent major works in phase transitions of black holes (BH) can be helpful for quantum interpretation of classical gravity. We study the new effective method to discuss the thermodynamic phase transitions onto well renowned regular BHs. Ordinary approaches of phase transitions depend upon equation of state and it is impossible to obtain all critical points with ordinary approaches. This study is derived from the slope of temperature versus entropy and it provides the possibility of finding all the critical points analytically. This technique provides pressure, which is different from standard relation of pressure and independent of other thermodynamical relations. We discuss some issues in ordinary methods and provide an easy approach to investigate the critical behavior of thermodynamical quantities. We find out the phase transitions points and horizon radii of non-physical range for BHs. We also use the new thermodynamical relations to briefly study well-known Joule–Thomson (JT) effect on regular BH.
On the temporal evolution of particle production in f(T) gravity
Authors: Mandal Sanjay , Sahoo P. K.
Published: November 2020

The thermodynamical study of the universe allows particle production in modified [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] is the torsion scalar) theory of gravity within a flat FLRW framework for line element. The torsion scalar [Formula: see text] plays the same role as the Ricci scalar [Formula: see text] in the modified theories of gravity. We derived the [Formula: see text] gravity models by taking [Formula: see text] as the sum of [Formula: see text] and an arbitrary function of [Formula: see text] with three different arbitrary function. We observe that the particle production describes the accelerated expansion of the universe without a cosmological constant or any unknown “quintessence” component. Also, we discussed the supplementary pressure, particle number density and particle production rate for three cases.
On the creation of charged massless fermion pair by a photon in an external constant uniform magnetic field in 2+1 dimensions
Authors: Khalilov V. R.
Published: November 2020

Creation of charged massless fermion pair by a photon in a constant uniform magnetic field is considered in the one-loop approximation of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED[Formula: see text]). We calculate the elastic scattering amplitude (EAS) of photon using the polarization operator of photon in the above magnetic field obtained earlier in our work. We analyze the elastic scattering amplitude of photon at various values of the photon energy and magnetic field strength. Very simple analytical formulas for EAS of photon are obtained in the so-called quasi-classical region. In the massive quantum electrodynamics the elastic scattering amplitude of photon defines its “mass” squared in the presence of external electromagnetic field and the imaginary part of EAS describes the total probability of charged massive fermion pair creation in the electromagnetic field; we assume that it is the case and in the massless quantum electrodynamics.
On diagonal representatives in boundary condition matrices on orbifolds
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiharu , Nishikawa Yasunari
Published: November 2020

We study diagonal representatives of boundary condition matrices on the orbifolds [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. We give an alternative proof of the existence of diagonal representatives in each equivalent class of boundary condition matrices on [Formula: see text], using a matrix exponential representation, and show that they do not necessarily exist on [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. Each equivalence class on [Formula: see text] has a diagonal representative, because its boundary conditions are determined by a single unitary matrix.
Exact solutions of the nonlocal Sawada–Kotera equation in the Alice–Bob system
Authors: Cao Wei-Ping , Fei Jin-Xi , Fan Sheng-Wan , Ma Zheng-Yi , Xu Hui
Published: November 2020

To find the group invariant solution, a new shifted parity and delayed time reversal symmetries are used in order to construct Alice–Bob systems. With the help of simple assumptions and of the [Formula: see text] symmetry, the intrinsic two-place model of the Sawada–Kotera (SK) system is elucidated. A new form of the [Formula: see text]-soliton solution for the nonlocal SK equation is obtained, and dynamic properties of the [Formula: see text]-soliton solutions with different values are discussed, respectively. In addition, the breather solution for the AB–SK system is also explicitly identified.
Computer simulation of (n, p) modifications in silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanoparticles
Authors: Naghiyev T. G.
Published: November 2020

(n, p) transmutations in the silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanoparticles by the neutrons at different energies have been studied by computer simulation. The transmutations by neutrons in the nanomaterial were separately investigated for silicon and nitrogen atoms in the Si3N4 particles. Since the effective cross-section of the possible probability of transmutation is different in the various types of silicon and nitrogen atoms, the modeling was performed separately for each stable isotope. The spectra of the effective cross-sections of the (n, p) transmutations for silicon and nitrogen atoms have been studied in relation to each other.
Electrochemical Formation of Dy–Ni Alloys in Molten CaCl2–DyCl3
Authors: Hua Hang , Yasuda Kouji , Konishi Hirokazu , Nohira Toshiyuki
Published: November 2020

The electrochemical formation of Dy–Ni alloys was investigated in molten CaCl2–DyCl3 (1.0 mol%) at 1123 K. Cyclic voltammetry indicated the formation of Dy–Ni alloys at more negative than 1.0 V vs. Ca2+/Ca. Higher cathodic currents were observed from approximately 0.6 V, which indicated the formation of Dy–Ni alloys having higher Dy concentration. An open-circuit potentiometry was carried out with Mo and Ni electrodes before and after the addition of DyCl3. After the potentiostatic electrolysis of Mo electrode at −0.50 V for 30 s in molten CaCl2–DyCl3, only one potential plateau appeared at 0.33 V, which was interpreted as the equilibrium potential of Dy3+/Dy. In contrast, four potential plateaus were observed at 0.49, 0.62, 0.87, and 1.04 V for Ni electrode after the potentiostatic electrolysis at 0.25 V for 15 min. According to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction of the electrolyzed samples, the four potential plateaus correspond to the two-phase coexisting states of (DyNi + DyNi2), (DyNi2 + DyNi3), (DyNi3 + DyNi5), and (DyNi5 + Ni). Standard Gibbs energies of formation were calculated for Dy–Ni alloys.
Planar Cell Polarity Defects and Hearing Loss in Sperm-Associated Antigen 6 (Spag6)-Deficient Mice
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Zhang Daogong , Xu Lei , Han Yuechen , Liu Wenwen , Li Wei , Fan Zhaomin , Costanzo Richard M. , Strauss III Jerome F. , Zhang Zhibing , Wang Haibo
Published: November 2020

Spag6 encodes an axoneme central apparatus protein that is required for normal flagellar and cilia motility. Recent findings suggest that Spag6 also plays a role in ciliogenesis, orientation of cilia basal feet, and planar polarity. Sensory cells of the inner ear display unique structural features that underlie their mechanosensitivity. They represent a distinctive form of cellular polarity, known as planar cell polarity (PCP). However, a role for Spag6 in the inner ear has not yet been explored. In the present study, the function of Spag6 in the inner ear was examined using Spag6-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate hearing loss in the Spag6 mutants, associated with abnormalities in cellular patterning, cell shape, stereocilia bundles and basal bodies, as well as abnormally distributed Frizzled class receptor 6 (FZD6), suggesting that Spag6 participates in PCP regulation. Moreover, we found that the sub-apical microtubule meshwork was disrupted. Our observations suggest new functions for Spag6 in hearing and PCP in the inner ear.
Comparison of the effect of cigarette smoke on mesenchymal stem cells and dental stem cells
Authors: Nguyen Brandon , Alpagot Tamer , Oh Heesoo , Ojcius David , Xiao Nan
Published: November 2020

The persistent prevalence of cigarette smoking continues to contribute to preventable disease and death in the United States. Although much is known about the deleterious systemic effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine, some clinically relevant areas, such as the impact of cigarette smoke and nicotine on stem cells and the subsequent implications in regenerative medicine, still remain unclear. This review focuses on recent studies on the effect of cigarette smoke and one of its deleterious components, nicotine, on mesenchymal stem cells, with an emphasis on dental stem cells.
Vessel-on-a-chip models for studying microvascular physiology, transport, and function in vitro
Authors: Moses Savannah R. , Adorno Jonathan J. , Palmer Andre F. , Song Jonathan W.
Published: November 2020

To understand how the microvasculature grows and remodels, researchers require reproducible systems that emulate the function of living tissue. Innovative contributions toward fulfilling this important need have been made by engineered microvessels assembled in vitro using microfabrication techniques. Microfabricated vessels, commonly referred to as "vessels on a chip," are from a class of cell culture technologies that uniquely integrate microscale flow phenomena, tissue-level biomolecular transport, cell-cell interactions, and proper 3-D extracellular matrix environments under well-defined culture conditions. Here, we discuss the enabling attributes of microfabricated vessels that make these models more physiological compared to established cell culture techniques, and the potential of these models for advancing microvascular research. This review highlights the key features of microvascular transport and physiology, critically discusses the strengths and limitations of different microfabrication strategies for studying the microvasculature, and provides a perspective on current challenges and future opportunities for vessel on a chip models.
Aquaporin-5 regulation of cell–cell adhesion proteins: an elusive “tail” story
Authors: Login Frédéric H. , Palmfeldt Johan , Cheah Joleen S. , Yamada Soichiro , Nejsum Lene N.
Published: November 2020

Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels that facilitate transport of water across cellular membranes. AQPs are overexpressed in several cancers. Especially in breast cancer, AQP5 overexpression correlates with spread to lymph nodes and poor prognosis. Previously, we showed that AQP5 expression reduced cell–cell adhesion by reducing levels of adherens and tight-junction proteins (e.g., ZO-1, plakoglobin, and β-catenin) at the actual junctions. Here, we show that, when targeted to the plasma membrane, the AQP5 COOH-terminal tail domain regulated junctional proteins and, moreover, that AQP5 interacted with ZO-1, plakoglobin, β-catenin, and desmoglein-2, which were all reduced at junctions upon AQP5 overexpression. Thus, our data suggest that AQP5 mediates the effect on cell–cell adhesion via interactions with junctional proteins independently of AQP5-mediated water transport. AQP5 overexpression in cancers may thus contribute to carcinogenesis and cancer spread by two independent mechanisms: reduced cell–cell adhesion, a characteristic of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and increased cell migration capacity via water transport.
Dietary adaptation to high starch involves increased relative abundance of sucrase-isomaltase and its mRNA in nestling house sparrows
Authors: Brun Antonio , Magallanes Melisa E. , Barrett-Wilt Gregory A. , Karasov William H. , Caviedes-Vidal Enrique
Published: November 2020

Dietary flexibility in digestive enzyme activity is widespread in vertebrates but mechanisms are poorly understood. When laboratory rats are switched to a higher carbohydrate diet, the activities of the apical intestinal α-glucosidases (AGs) increase within 6–12 h, mainly by rapid increase in enzyme transcription, followed by rapid translation and translocation to the intestine’s apical, brush-border membrane (BBM). We performed the first unified study of the overall process in birds, relying on activity, proteomic, and transcriptomic data from the same animals. Our avian model was nestling house sparrows ( Passer domesticus), which switch naturally from a low-starch insect diet to a higher starch seed diet and in whom the protein sucrase-isomaltase (SI) is responsible for all maltase and sucrase intestinal activities. Twenty-four hours after the switch to a high-starch diet, SI activity was increased but not at 12 h post diet switch. SI was the only hydrolase increased in the BBM, and its relative abundance and activity were positively correlated. Twenty-four hours after a reverse switch back to the lower starch diet, SI activity was decreased but not at 12 h post diet switch. Parallel changes in SI mRNA relative abundance were associated with the changes in SI activity in both diet-switch experiments, but our data also revealed an apparent diurnal rhythm in SI mRNA. This is the first demonstration that birds may rely on rapid increase in abundance of SI and its mRNA when adjusting to high-starch diet. Although the mechanisms underlying dietary induction of intestinal enzymes seem similar in nestling house sparrows and laboratory rodents, the time course for modulation in nestlings seemed half as fast compared with laboratory rodents. Before undertaking modulation, an opportunistic forager facing limited resources might rely on more extensive or prolonged environmental sampling, because the redesign of the intestine’s hydrolytic capacity shortly after just one or a few meals of a new substrate might be a costly mistake.
Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase diminishes intrauterine growth restriction in a rat model of placental ischemia
Authors: Coats Laura E. , Bamrick-Fernandez Daniel R. , Ariatti Allison M. , Bakrania Bhavisha A. , Rawls Adam Z. , Ojeda Norma B. , Alexander Barbara T.
Published: November 2020

Placental ischemia in preeclampsia (PE) results in hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) reduces blood pressure in the clinically relevant reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of PE, implicating involvement in RUPP-induced hypertension. However, the contribution of sGC in the development of IUGR in PE is not known. Thus, this study demonstrated the efficacy of Riociguat, an sGC stimulator, in IUGR reversion in the RUPP rat model of PE, and tested the hypothesis that improvement in fetal weight occurs in association with improvement in placental perfusion, placental morphology, and placental nutrient transport protein expression. Sham or RUPP surgery was performed at gestational day 14 (G14) with administration of vehicle (Sham or RUPP) or the sGC stimulator (Riociguat, 10 mg/kg/day sc; sGC-treated) until G20. Fetal weight was reduced ( P = 0.004) at G20 in RUPP but not in sGC-treated RUPP compared with Sham, the control group. At G20, uterine artery resistance index (UARI) was increased ( P = 0.010) in RUPP, indicating poor placental perfusion; proportional junctional zone surface area was elevated ( P = 0.035), indicating impaired placental development. These effects were ameliorated in sGC-treated RUPP. Placental protein expression of nutrient transporter heart fatty acid-binding protein (hFABP) was increased ( P = 0.008) in RUPP but not in sGC-treated RUPP, suggesting a compensatory mechanism to maintain normal neurodevelopment. Yet, UARI ( P < 0.001), proportional junctional zone surface area ( P = 0.013), and placental hFABP protein expression ( P = 0.008) were increased in sGC-treated Sham, suggesting a potential adverse effect of Riociguat. Collectively, these results suggest sGC contributes to IUGR in PE.
Cellular interactions between social experience, alcohol sensitivity, and GABAergic inhibition in a crayfish neural circuit
Authors: Venuti Lucy S. , Pena-Flores Norma L. , Herberholz Jens
Published: November 2020

The complex interactions between alcohol and prior social experience are still poorly understood. Our work demonstrates that socially isolated crayfish exhibit lower neurobehavioral sensitivity to acute ethanol compared with communally housed animals, and this socially mediated effect is based on changes in the nervous systems rather than on differences in uptake or metabolism. By combining intracellular neurophysiology and neuropharmacology, we investigated the role of the main inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and its receptor subtypes, in shaping this process.
Local spatial analysis: an easy-to-use adaptive spatial EEG filter
Authors: Bufacchi R. J. , Magri C. , Novembre G. , Iannetti G. D.
Published: November 2020

EEG spatial filtering is important for exploring brain function. Two classes of filters are commonly used: stationary and adaptive. Stationary filters are simple to use but wrongly assume that stimulus-evoked EEG responses (ERPs) are stationary. Adaptive filters do not make this assumption but require solid statistical and physiological knowledge. Bridging this gap, we present local spatial analysis (LSA), an adaptive, yet computationally simple, spatial filter based on linear regression that separates local and widespread brain activity ($add_download_link_upon_publication$).
Expression and Functional Characterization of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide: Human Beta‐Defensin 118
Authors: Lin Qian , Xie Kunhong , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Zheng Ping , Luo Yuheng , Yan Hui , He Jun
Published: November 2020

Purpose. β‐Defensin 118 (DEFB118) is a novel host defense peptide (HDP) identified in humans. To evaluate its potentials for future utilization, the DEFB118 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the recombinant protein was fully characterized. Methods. The DEFB118 protein was obtained by heterologous expression using E. coli Rosetta (DE3). Antibacterial activity of DEFB118 was determined by using various bacterial strains. IPEC‐J cells challenged by E. coli K88 were used to determine its influences on inflammatory responses. Results. The E. coli transformants yielded more than 250 μg/mL DEFB118 protein after 4 h induction by 1.0 mM IPTG. The DEFB118 was estimated by SDS‐PAGE to be 30 kDa, and MALDI‐TOF analysis verified that it is a human β‐defensin 118. Importantly, the DEFB118 showed antimicrobial activities against both Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli K88 and E. coli DH5α) and Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis), with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL. Hemolytic assays showed that DEFB118 had no detrimental impact on cell viability. Additionally, DEFB118 was found to elevate the viability of IPEC‐J2 cells upon E. coli K88 challenge. Moreover, DEFB118 significantly decreased cell apoptosis in the late apoptosis phase and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β and TNF‐α in IPEC‐J2 cell exposure to E. coli K88. Conclusions. These results suggested a novel function of the mammalian defensins, and the antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties of DEFB118 may allow it as a potential substitute for conventionally used antibiotics or drugs.
Effect of Basketball Sports on Serum Superoxide Dismutase and Its Relationship with the Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
Authors: Wang Jinzhong , Guo Zhenhua
Published: November 2020

Human survival is impossible without oxygen, and as the body load continues to increase, the need for oxygen intake becomes greater. However, oxygen is also a double-edged sword for the human body. A large number of studies have proved that excessive intake of oxygen might lead to oxygen poisoning. Even under normal oxygen uptake, there is still a certain proportion of SOD conversion in oxygen. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of the main causes of oxygen poisoning and chronic diseases. It is of great significance to study the changes of SOD in a large amount of oxygen environment. However, there are a few research studies in this field at home and abroad. Therefore, this paper puts forward the influence of basketball sports on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its relationship with the nanoparticle drug delivery system. The research of this paper is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is the research of theoretical basis and core concepts. Through this part of the study, this paper shows that exercise can make the human body strong, while controlling the transformation of SOD, and only in this way can we achieve the true meaning of sports health. The second part is the establishment method of the test model of the influence of basketball on SOD and the nanoparticle drug delivery system. In this part, the principle and operation steps of the design method are given in detail. In order to ensure the effect of the experiment, the test standard was established, and the whole process data were recorded for the retrospective study. The third part is the comparative experiment, which includes the influence of different exercise intensities on SOD activity and the preservation stability of nanoparticles. Through the analysis of experimental data, it was found that basketball increased the risk of SOD transformation, but at the same time, using nanoparticles intervention can effectively reduce the harm of SOD to the human body.
Sidelobe Suppression in Array-Pattern Synthesis Using Periodic Leaky-Wave Antenna and Binomial Array
Authors: Aziz Hicham , Moubadir Mahmoud , Farkhsi Abdelkrim , Amar Touhami Naima
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the conception and realization of a 2D antenna array using periodic leaky-wave antenna (PLWA) and the binomial array (BA) at 6 GHz as the application of WLAN. The series array of periodic leaky-wave antenna was provided by an array of five rectangular Patches connected by cross lines. The nonuniform amplitudes of the binomial array are used to reduce the sidelobe level; in this way, the center source radiates strongly on the broadside. The prototype of the proposed 2D antenna array is designed, fabricated, and tested. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measurement results.
The Conical Radial Basis Function for Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Zhang J. , Wang F. Z. , Hou E. R.
Published: November 2020

The performance of the parameter-free conical radial basis functions accompanied with the Chebyshev node generation is investigated for the solution of boundary value problems. In contrast to the traditional conical radial basis function method, where the collocation points are placed uniformly or quasi-uniformly in the physical domain of the boundary value problems in question, we consider three different Chebyshev-type schemes to generate the collocation points. This simple scheme improves accuracy of the method with no additional computational cost. Several numerical experiments are given to show the validity of the newly proposed method.
On Quantum Differential Subordination Related with Certain Family of Analytic Functions
Authors: Saliu Afis , Noor Khalida Inayat , Hussain Saqib , Darus Maslina
Published: November 2020

Recently, there is a rapid increase of research in the area of Quantum calculus (known as

q

-calculus) due to its widespread applications in many areas of study, such as geometric functions theory. To this end, using the concept of

q

-conic domains of Janowski type as well as

q

- calculus, new subclasses of analytic functions are introduced. This family of functions extends the notion of

α

-convex and quasi-convex functions. Furthermore, a coefficient inequality, sufficiency criteria, and covering results for these novel classes are derived. Besides, some remarkable consequences of our investigation are highlighted.
Investigating the Multitarget Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription for Cancer‐Related Pain by Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Chang Jinyuan , Liu Lixing , Wang Yaohan , Sui Yutong , Li Hao , Feng Li
Published: November 2020

Gu‐tong formula (GTF) has achieved good curative effects in the treatment of cancer‐related pain. However, its potential mechanisms have not been explored. We used network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the molecular mechanism and the effective compounds of the prescription. Through the analysis and research in this paper, we obtained 74 effective compounds and 125 drug‐disease intersection targets to construct a network, indicating that quercetin, kaempferol, and β‐sitosterol were possibly the most important compounds in GTF. The key targets of GTF for cancer‐related pain were Jun proto‐oncogene (JUN), mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), and RELA proto‐oncogene (RELA). 2204 GO entries and 148 pathways were obtained by GO and KEGG enrichment, respectively, which proved that chemokine, MAPK, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels can be regulated by GTF. The results of molecular docking showed that stigmasterol had strong binding activity with arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (AVPR2) and C‐X3‐C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and cholesterol was more stable with p38 MAPK, prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1). In conclusion, the therapeutic effect of GTF on cancer‐related pain is based on the comprehensive pharmacological effect of multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel pathways. This study provides a theoretical basis for further experimental research in the future.
Semisupervised Community Preserving Network Embedding with Pairwise Constraints
Authors: Liu Dong , Ru Yan , Li Qinpeng , Wang Shibin , Niu Jianwei
Published: November 2020

Network embedding aims to learn the low-dimensional representations of nodes in networks. It preserves the structure and internal attributes of the networks while representing nodes as low-dimensional dense real-valued vectors. These vectors are used as inputs of machine learning algorithms for network analysis tasks such as node clustering, classification, link prediction, and network visualization. The network embedding algorithms, which considered the community structure, impose a higher level of constraint on the similarity of nodes, and they make the learned node embedding results more discriminative. However, the existing network representation learning algorithms are mostly unsupervised models; the pairwise constraint information, which represents community membership, is not effectively utilized to obtain node embedding results that are more consistent with prior knowledge. This paper proposes a semisupervised modularized nonnegative matrix factorization model, SMNMF, while preserving the community structure for network embedding; the pairwise constraints (must-link and cannot-link) information are effectively fused with the adjacency matrix and node similarity matrix of the network so that the node representations learned by the model are more interpretable. Experimental results on eight real network datasets show that, comparing with the representative network embedding methods, the node representations learned after incorporating the pairwise constraints can obtain higher accuracy in node clustering task and the results of link prediction, and network visualization tasks indicate that the semisupervised model SMNMF is more discriminative than unsupervised ones.
Infinitely Many High Energy Solutions for the Generalized Chern-Simons-Schrödinger System
Authors: Su Hua , Wang Yongqing , Xu Jiafa
Published: November 2020

In this paper, by virtue of the critical point theory, we are pleased to investigate the existence of infinitely many high energy solutions for the generalized Chern-Simons-Schrödinger system with a perturbation.
A Direct Meshless Method for Solving Two-Dimensional Second-Order Hyperbolic Telegraph Equations
Authors: Wang Fuzhang , Hou Enran
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a direct meshless method (DMM), which is based on the radial basis function, is developed to the numerical solution of the two-dimensional second-order hyperbolic telegraph equations. Since these hyperbolic telegraph equations are time dependent, we present two schemes for the basis functions from radial and nonradial aspects. The first scheme is fulfilled by considering time variable as normal space variable to construct an “isotropic” space-time radial basis function. The other scheme considered a realistic relationship between space variable and time variable which is not radial. The time-dependent variable is treated regularly during the whole solution process and the hyperbolic telegraph equations can be solved in a direct way. Numerical experiments performed with the proposed numerical scheme for several two-dimensional second-order hyperbolic telegraph equations are presented with some discussions, which show that the DMM solutions are converging very fast in comparison with the various existing numerical methods.
In Vitro Infrared Thermographic Assessment of Temperature Change in the Pulp Chamber during Provisionalization: Effect of Remaining Dentin Thickness
Authors: Lipski Mariusz , Woźniak Krzysztof , Szyszka-Sommerfeld Liliana , Borawski Mariusz , Droździk Agnieszka , Nowicka Alicja
Published: November 2020

Interim crowns and partial fixed dental prosthesis materials generate exothermic heat during polymerization. The amount of heat transmitted to the pulp chamber can be a function of several factors, including the thickness and quality of the remaining dentin after crown preparation. The aim of this in vitro study was to measure with infrared thermography the temperature changes on the adjacent surface of the chamber roof of premolar teeth extracted from young and old patients (having different thicknesses of remaining dentin after crown preparation) during fabrication of provisional resinous restorations. Twenty extracted human first and second maxillary premolar teeth (10 from young patients, with a relatively large pulp chamber, and 10 from older patients, with a relatively small pulp chamber) were used. The roots were sectioned to expose the inner side of the chamber roof, and the crowns were provisionalized after preparation for a metal-ceramic crown. Two provisional materials, Turbo Temp 2 and Luxatemp Fluorescence, were used. Temperature changes on the inner side of the chamber roof were measured at 2-second intervals using an infrared thermal imaging camera. After completion of the temperature recordings, the teeth were sectioned and the remaining dentin thickness was determined. The older group (mean thickness: 2.82 mm) and younger group (mean thickness: 1.9 mm) differed significantly in dentin thickness (

P
<
0.014

). The mean greatest temperature increases recorded on the chamber roof of teeth with less remaining dentin were 4.07°C for Turbo Temp 2 and 3.94°C for Luxatemp Fluorescence, while increases in the premolars with greater dentin thickness were 1.69°C for Turbo Temp 2 and 1.64°C for Luxatemp Fluorescence. Significant interactions were found between tooth groups (

P
<
0.000001

for Turbo Temp 2 and for Luxatemp Fluorescence). No significant differences were found between assessed materials regardless of the thickness of the remaining dentin (

P
>
0.38

for the older group and

P
>
0.29

for the younger group). Dentin had a significant effect in limiting the temperature increase generated during polymerization of provisional materials, indicating good thermal insulating properties of this tissue. A remaining dentin thickness of 1.9 mm or more is sufficient to protect the pulp from any temperature increase during provisionalization using tested materials.
Gastric Perforation with Omental Patch Repair: A Rare Complication of Pulmonary Resuscitation in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Marcucci Vincent , Bhattacharyya Ratul , Yee Stephanie , Zuberi Jamshed , Ingram Mark
Published: November 2020

A 71-year-old male, diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was admitted to the medical-surgical floor for supportive treatment. The patient received bag-mask ventilation (BMV) secondary to severe hypoxia and reendotracheal intubation in the hospital on day eleven. A chest X-ray following reintubation noted concern for intra-abdominal air. Significant abdominal distention and subsequent diagnostic imaging showed pneumoperitoneum and a possible perforation of the stomach. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with omental patching for a gastric perforation. Amidst the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, several important findings have been made through the disease sequelae of this individual patient.
A Rare Malignant Disease, Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Breast: A Retrospective Analysis and Review of Literature
Authors: Wang Yihua , Wang Yu , Chen Rui , Tang Zhenrong , Liu Shengchun
Published: November 2020

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare low‐grade fibroblastic mesenchymal tumor derived from the dermis. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to summarize the clinicopathological data from our cases and published cases to offer more evidence for the recognition of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). A total of 6 breast DFSP patients who had received treatment in our hospital were retrospectively enrolled, and detailed clinicopathological data were gathered for analysis. The median age was 29.5 years (ranging from 17 to 42 years). Most cases presented a red or brown‐red, mobile, well‐circumscribed, protruding, breast mass (ranging from 1 to 3 cm). For histopathology, all cases (6/6) showed a storiform pattern of spindle cells that were positive for CD34 (6/6) and Vimentin (5/6) and negative for smooth muscle actin (0/6) and S‐100 protein (0/6). The majority of patients (5/6) underwent wide local excision, with 2 cases treated with radiotherapy. With a median follow‐up of 36 months, all 6 patients survived without recurrence or metastasis. The PubMed database was used to search for similar cases. Eventually, 36 cases were included in this review, while cases without detailed clinical information or not reported in English were excluded from the analysis. To summarize, DFSP of the breast is an extremely rare malignancy characterized by spindle tumor cells arranged in a storiform pattern and positivity for CD34. The core needle biopsy is one of the crucial methods for its preoperative diagnosis. Management of DFSP is mainly based on surgical excision. It is prone to local recurrence, so long‐term follow‐up is required.
Succinylation Site Prediction Based on Protein Sequences Using the IFS-LightGBM (BO) Model
Authors: Zhang Lu , Liu Min , Qin Xinyi , Liu Guangzhong
Published: November 2020

Succinylation is an important posttranslational modification of proteins, which plays a key role in protein conformation regulation and cellular function control. Many studies have shown that succinylation modification on protein lysine residue is closely related to the occurrence of many diseases. To understand the mechanism of succinylation profoundly, it is necessary to identify succinylation sites in proteins accurately. In this study, we develop a new model, IFS-LightGBM (BO), which utilizes the incremental feature selection (IFS) method, the LightGBM feature selection method, the Bayesian optimization algorithm, and the LightGBM classifier, to predict succinylation sites in proteins. Specifically, pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC), position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM), disorder status, and Composition of

k

-spaced Amino Acid Pairs (CKSAAP) are firstly employed to extract feature information. Then, utilizing the combination of the LightGBM feature selection method and the incremental feature selection (IFS) method selects the optimal feature subset for the LightGBM classifier. Finally, to increase prediction accuracy and reduce the computation load, the Bayesian optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the LightGBM classifier. The results reveal that the IFS-LightGBM (BO)-based prediction model performs better when it is evaluated by some common metrics, such as accuracy, recall, precision, Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), and

F

-measure.
Approximate Analytical Three-Dimensional Multiple Time Scales Solution to a Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem
Authors: Gao Fabao , Wang Yongqing
Published: November 2020

We illustrate the chaotic nature of the circular restricted three-body problem from the perspective of the bifurcation diagram with respect to the mass ratio parameter. Moreover, it is shown that when the frequency ratio in different directions of the classical problem is irrational, it has the quasiperiodic characteristics. In addition, a three-dimensional approximate solution to this problem under two time scales is proposed by using the multiple time scales method.
Convergence Analysis on an Accelerated Proximal Point Algorithm for Linearly Constrained Optimization Problems
Authors: Lu Sha , Wei Zengxin
Published: November 2020

Proximal point algorithm is a type of method widely used in solving optimization problems and some practical problems such as machine learning in recent years. In this paper, a framework of accelerated proximal point algorithm is presented for convex minimization with linear constraints. The algorithm can be seen as an extension to G

u
¨

ler’s methods for unconstrained optimization and linear programming problems. We prove that the sequence generated by the algorithm converges to a KKT solution of the original problem under appropriate conditions with the convergence rate of

O

1
/

k

2

.
Eph Receptors in the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Janes Peter W. , Vail Mary E. , Ernst Matthias , Scott Andrew M.
Published: November 2020

The tumor microenvironment (TME) promotes tumor development via complex intercellular signaling, aiding tumor growth and suppressing immunity. Eph receptors (Eph) and their ephrin ligands control cell interactions during normal development, and reemerge in tumors and the TME, where they are implicated in invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Recent studies also indicate roles for Ephs in suppressing immune responses by controlling tumor interactions with innate and adaptive immune cells within the TME. Accordingly, inhibiting these functions can promote immune response and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition. This research highlights Ephs as potential targets to enhance efficacy of immune-based therapies in patients with cancer.