bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of CAT and L-SIGN as Alternative or Co-receptors for SARSCoV-
2 Spike Protein
Authors: Das Chainee , Kumar Mattaparthi Venkata Satish
Published: October 2023

Background::

The COVID-19 disease, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been spreading
rapidly over the world since December 2019 and has become a serious threat to human health.
According to reports, SARS-CoV-2 infection has an impact on several human tissues, including the
kidney, gastrointestinal system, and lungs. The Spike (S) protein from SARS-CoV-2 has been found
to primarily bind ACE2. Since the lungs are the organ that COVID-19 is most likely to infect, the
comparatively low expression of this recognized receptor suggests that there may be alternative coreceptors
or alternative SARS-CoV-2 receptors that cooperate with ACE2. Recently, many candidate
receptors of SARS-CoV-2 other than ACE2 were reported to be specifically and highly expressed in
SARS-CoV-2 affected tissues. Among these receptors, the binding affinity of CAT and L-SIGN to
the S protein has been reported to be higher in one of the recent studies. So, it will be significant to
understand the binding interactions between these potential receptors and the RBD region of the S
protein.

Objective::

To perform a computational analysis to check the efficiency of the alternative receptors
(CAT and L-SIGN) of the SARS-CoV-2 on its binding to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of
Spike protein (S protein).

Methods::

In this study, we compared the interaction profile of the RBD of the S protein of SARSCoV-
2 with CAT and L-SIGN receptors.

Results::

From the molecular dynamics simulation study, the S protein employs special techniques to
have stable interactions with the CAT and L-SIGN receptors (ΔGbind = -39.49 kcal/mol and -37.20
kcal/mol, respectively).

Conclusion::

SARS-CoV-2 may result in greater virulence as a result of the
A Short Review on Obeticholic Acid: An Effective Modulator of
Farnesoid X Receptor
Authors: Narayanan Anila Kutty , Surendran Sudhindran , Balakrishnan Dinesh , Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Malick Shweta , Valsan Arun , Philips Cyriac Abby , Watson Christopher John Edward
Published: October 2023

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was identified as an orphan nuclear receptor resembling the
steroid receptor in the late ’90s. Activation of FXR is a crucial step in many physiological functions of
the liver. A vital role of FXR is impacting the amount of bile acids in the hepatocytes, which it performs
by reducing bile acid synthesis, stimulating the bile salt export pump, and inhibiting its enterohepatic
circulation, thus protecting the hepatocytes against the toxic accumulation of bile acids. Furthermore,
FXR mediates bile acid biotransformation in the intestine, liver regeneration, glucose hemostasis,
and lipid metabolism. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms of the disparate pleiotropic
actions of FXR agonists. We then delve into the pharmacokinetics of Obeticholic acid (OCA),
the first-in-class selective, potent FXR agonist. We additionally discuss the clinical journey of OCA in
humans, its current evidence in various human diseases, and its plausible roles in the future.
The Effects of Apigenin in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic
Review of Non-clinical Studies
Authors: Majid Muhammed Thikra , Turki Jalil Abduladheem , Mohammed  Taher Waam , Aminov Zafar , Alsaikhan Fahad , Ramírez-Coronel Andrés Alexis , Ramaiah Pushpamala , Farhood Bagher
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Diabetes is one of the important and growing diseases in the world. Among the
most common diabetic complications are renal adverse effects. The use of apigenin may prevent the
development and progression of diabetes-related injuries. The current study aims to review the effects
of apigenin in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Methods:

In this review, a systematic search was performed based on PRISMA guidelines for obtaining
all relevant studies on “the effects of apigenin against diabetic nephropathy” in various electronic
databases up to September 2022. Ninety-one articles were obtained and screened in accordance
with the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven eligible articles were finally included
in this review.

Results:

The experimental findings revealed that hyperglycemia led to the decreased cell viability of
kidney cells and body weight loss and an increased kidney weight of rats; however, apigenin administration
had a reverse effect on these evaluated parameters. It was also found that hyperglycemia
could induce alterations in the biochemical and renal function-related parameters as well as histopathological
injuries in kidney cells or tissue; in contrast, the apigenin administration could ameliorate
the hyperglycemia-induced renal adverse effects.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that the use of apigenin could mitigate diabetes-induced renal
adverse effects, mainly through its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
Since the findings of this study are based on experimental studies, suggesting the use of apigenin (as
a nephroprotective agent) against diabetic nephropathy requires further clinical studies.
Sex Differences in Stress Response: Classical Mechanisms and Beyond
Authors: Hodes Georgia E. , Bangasser Debra , Sotiropoulos Ioannis , Kokras Nikolaos , Dalla Christina
Published: October 2023

Neuropsychiatric disorders, which are associated with stress hormone dysregulation, occur
at different rates in men and women. Moreover, nowadays, preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates
that sex and gender can lead to differences in stress responses that predispose males and
females to different expressions of similar pathologies. In this curated review, we focus on what is
known about sex differences in classic mechanisms of stress response, such as glucocorticoid hormones
and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), which are components of the hypothalamicpituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis. Then, we present sex differences in neurotransmitter levels, such as serotonin,
dopamine, glutamate and GABA, as well as indices of neurodegeneration, such as amyloid β
and Tau. Gonadal hormone effects, such as estrogens and testosterone, are also discussed throughout
the review. We also review in detail preclinical data investigating sex differences caused by recentlyrecognized
regulators of stress and disease, such as the immune system, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms,
as well neurosteroids. Finally, we discuss how understanding sex differences in stress responses,
as well as in pharmacology, can be leveraged into novel, more efficacious therapeutics for
all. Based on the supporting evidence, it is obvious that incorporating sex as a biological variable into
preclinical research is imperative for the understanding and treatment of stress-related neuropsychiatric
disorders, such as depression, anxiety and Alzheimer’s disease.
Discovery of MAO-A Inhibitors as Antidepressant Based on Virtual Screening
Authors: Xiaopeng Wei , Zhan Jin , Fan Zheqi , Chen Ying , Jing Weikai , Zhang Man , Gan Chunchun , Yang Jinrong
Published: October 2023

Aim:

Major depression and anxiety have increased significantly worldwide since the 2019
outbreak of COVID-19. The development of highly effective antidepressants with low side effects is attracting
researchers.

Methods:

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of norepinephrine
(NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT), etc. Elevated level of MAO-A would lead to increased
metabolism of its substrates, thereby causing a decrease in the levels of these neurotransmitter monoamines
in the brain leading to depression. Consequently, inhibition of MAO-A was thought to be an effective
strategy, as this would treat the root cause of depression.

Results and Discussion:

Based on the crystal structure of MAO-A, 4 star-hits, as potential MAO-A inhibitors
was screened from the compound libraries with central nervous system (CNS) activity by using various
computational techniques. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to verify the stability of the ligand-
receptor complexes.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity
properties) of the virtual hits were predicted in order to evaluate their lead-like properties and safety. This
work provides ideas for the drugs discovery of antidepressant.
The occurrence and association of socio-economic status of age-related cataract among Pakistani patients
Authors: Nawaz Yasir , Zafar Javaria , Basit Ashfaq Abdul , Tanvir Fouzia , Umar Asma , Majeed Khan Imran , Ambreen Sadaf
Published: October 2023

aims:

to explore diseases in pakistani people

background:

Cataract is a non-communicable eye disease worldwide, with the greatest number of patients in middle and low income nations.

objective:

The study aimed to find the association of socioeconomic status of cataract patients in Pakistani population

method:

A survey based study was performed to collect questionnaire based Performa to collect relevant information from patients by the relevant consent form under the declaration of Helsinki.

result:

It was observed that 46.05% males and 53.95

conclusion:

The socioeconomic status including illiteracy rate, cast status, gender and age difference and occupation status of people are associated with the development of cataract

other:

none
The Potential of Non-dairy Kefir Products: Their Health Benefits,
Physiochemical, Sensory, and Bioactive Properties
Authors: Zahidah Inas , Bölek Sibel
Published: October 2023

The consumption of functional foods increases with the rising healthy lifestyle trends
among the public. Kefir is taken into account as a potential functional food as it contains a large
variety of beneficial microorganisms and bioactive compounds. Non-dairy kefir has been developed
to meet the needs of consumers with several limitations, such as milk protein allergies and
lactose intolerance or vegan consumers. Various ingredients such as plant-based milk, fruits, and
vegetable extracts used in non-dairy kefir can provide a variety of bioactive compounds wider
than cow’s milk, such as fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and higher antioxidant properties, as well
as probiotic properties. This review presents non-dairy kefir alternatives with potential health
benefits as well as the chemical and physical reactions occur during the fermentation process effecting
sensory properties.
Regulation of Thyroid Hormone: An Important Aspect During Pregnancy
Authors: Pamma Parul , Singh Sricha , Sharma Sakshi
Published: October 2023

This paper provides a synopsis of maternal and fetal thyroid hormone stimulation during
pregnancy. Treatment of thyroid illness during pregnancy is critical for avoiding negative maternal
and fetal outcomes. Thyroid disorders are frequently asymptomatic and difficult to detect without specialized
monitoring programs. Even mild maternal thyroid hormone insufficiency can result in fetal
neurodevelopment difficulties. The thyroid is over-stimulated during pregnancy, resulting in alterations
in thyroid hormone concentrations. Accurate thyroid function testing during pregnancy is crucial
for both initiating thyroid hormone therapy and adjusting thyroid hormone dose in people who are already
on thyroid hormone. Trimester-specific intervals are particularly critical during pregnancy,
when thyroid insufficiency has been linked to poor obstetric outcomes and neuro-developmental impairments
in the fetus. Knowing the natural changes in hormone concentrations that occur throughout
pregnancy allows for customized supplementation of iodine when needed.
Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Copper, Manganese, and Mixed Metal (Cu And Mn) Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Yadav Vaishali , Shukla Rimpy , Sharma Krishna Swaroop , Ohjha Sunil
Published: October 2023

Background:

Unique optical and electronic properties are exhibited by semiconductors in
nanoparticle state as compared to their bulk form. Copper and manganese are transition metals which
show various oxidation states and all the oxides have different characteristics as nanomaterials. These
metal oxides have various applications in biosensing, photocatalysis, etc.

Methods:

For this work, pure copper and manganese oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via the
Sol-Gel method. The same method was used to obtain mixed metal (Cu and Mn) oxide nanoparticles
for three values of doping (5%, 10%, and 15%) of metallic Cu in manganese oxide and Mn in copper
oxide.

Results:

X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the monoclinic structure of pure CuO changes
to tetragonal on doping it with Mn, whereas the cubic phase of manganese oxide is found to change to
tetragonal and then to monoclinic as the doping level of Cu in it is increased. The surface texture of
pure and mixed metal Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to study nanoparticles, and
it has shown that as the doping level is raised, the nanoparticles' size and form vary noticeably. Additionally,
the optical characteristics investigated by UV-Visible spectroscopy show that the energy
band gap in the two cases strongly depends on the doping percentage.

Conclusion:

The crystallite size decreased from 30 nm to 15 nm after doping of Mn in CuO, whereas
it increased from 17nm to 20nm after doping of Cu in MnO. The energy gap value changed from 1.34
eV to 1.77 eV for CuO and from 3.86 eV to 2.14 eV for MnO nanoparticles after doping.
Natural Medicinal Compounds Used in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Majhi Sagarika , Singh Lubhan
Published: October 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). These compounds can lay the groundwork for a new pharmacological approach to treatment, as patients tolerate herbal compounds more easily because they are relatively more protective than synthetic drugs. Meanwhile, there are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, altered tau phosphorylation, anti-amyloidogenic, decreased aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles, and anticholinesterase processes in natural compound structures, including flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloids and so on. We have summarized the pathogenesis and mechanism of different natural/bioactive components for treating HD, AD, and PD. An herbal source with well-established antioxidant and neuroprotective activity showed favourable impacts in both in vivo and in vitro studies against the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases. The future outlook of herbal medicine can allow us to research their synergistic interactions, the action of multiple targets, and the elucidation of complex mechanisms of neuroprotective properties. However, in future scientific research on bioactive compounds, the efficacy of their active ingredients should be investigated to discover their neuroprotective therapeutic potential. Also, the mechanisms of action of herbal extracts and active ingredients remain to be clarified appropriately.
Advances in Pharmacokinetic Modelling and Computational Approaches for Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Dhoundiyal Shivang , Alam Md Aftab
Published: October 2023

Generally, therapeutic drugs have issues like poor solubility, rapid removal from the bloodstream,
lack of targeting, and an inability to translocate across cell membranes. Some of these barriers
can be overcome by using nano drug delivery systems (DDS), which results in more efficient drug delivery
to the site of action. Due to their potential application as drug delivery systems, nanoparticles
are the main topic of discussion in this article. Experimental and computational investigations have
substantially aided in the understanding of how nanocarriers work and how they interact with medications,
biomembranes and other biological components. This review explores how computational modelling
can aid in the rational design of DDS that has been optimized and improved upon. The most
commonly used simulation methods for studying DDS and some of the most important biophysical elements
of DDS are also discussed. Then, we conclude by investigating the computational properties of
various types of nanocarriers, such as dendrimers and dendrons, polymer-, peptide-, nucleic acid-, lipid-,
carbon-based DDS, and gold nanoparticles.
Automated Messaging Delivered Alongside Behavioral Treatment for Weight Loss: Qualitative Study
Authors: Berry Michael , Taylor Lauren , Huang Zhuoran , Chwyl Christina , Kerrigan Stephanie , Forman Evan
Published: October 2023

Background

Mobile health interventions for weight loss frequently use automated messaging. However, this intervention modality appears to have limited weight loss efficacy. Furthermore, data on users’ subjective experiences while receiving automated messaging–based interventions for weight loss are scarce, especially for more advanced messaging systems providing users with individually tailored, data-informed feedback.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to characterize the experiences of individuals with overweight or obesity who received automated messages for 6-12 months as part of a behavioral weight loss trial.

Methods

Participants (n=40) provided Likert-scale ratings of messaging acceptability and completed a structured qualitative interview (n=39) focused on their experiences with the messaging system and generating suggestions for improvement. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Participants found the messages most useful for summarizing goal progress and least useful for suggesting new behavioral strategies. Overall message acceptability was moderate (2.67 out of 5). From the interviews, 2 meta-themes emerged. Participants indicated that although the messages provided useful reminders of intervention goals and skills, they did not adequately capture their lived experiences while losing weight.

Conclusions

Many participants found the automated messages insufficiently tailored to their personal weight loss experiences. Future studies should explore alternative methods for message tailoring (eg, allowing for a higher degree of participant input and interactivity) that may boost treatment engagement and efficacy.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05231824; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05231824
A multiple methods approach in user-centered design for designing and evaluating a prototype of a data collection tool to submit information about incidents of violence against sex workers (Preprint)
Authors: Ditmore M , Florez-Arango Jose Fernando
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Sex workers face an epidemic of violence in the United States. However, violence against sex workers (VASW) in the United States is underreported. Sex workers hesitate to report to police because they are frequently punished; therefore an alternative for reporting is needed.

OBJECTIVE

Apply human-centered design methods to create and evaluate the usability of the prototype interface for ReportVASW and identify opportunities for improvement.

METHODS

Evaluation methods included cognitive walkthrough, System Usability Scale (SUS), and heuristic evaluation.

RESULTS

This study explores the barriers and enablers of implementing ReportVASW, with particular attention to ways to improve the data collection tool. End users were enthusiastic about the idea of a website to document VASW. Multiple methods identified multiple issues to address.

CONCLUSIONS

Many opportunities to improve the interface were identified. Most changes are not overly complex and the majority are aesthetic or minor. Development of the ReportVASW data collection tool is worth pursuing.
The Effects of a Dietary Supplement (PediaFlù) Plus Standard of Care in Children With Acute Tonsillopharyngitis/Rhinopharyngitis: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Cardinale Fabio , Barattini Dionisio Franco , Sbrocca Federica , Centi Alessandro , Giuntini Greta , Morariu Bordea Maria , Herteg Dorina , Rosu Serban , Matei Cristian Radu
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

A dietary supplement containing Pelargonium sidoides extract, propolis, zinc, and honey has been recently developed and proven to be an effective adjuvant in clinical practice for seasonal diseases and the treatment of respiratory tract disorders.

OBJECTIVE

This trial aims to verify the efficacy of the tested dietary supplement in a pediatric population with acute tonsillopharyngitis/rhinopharyngitis (ATR).

METHODS

The trial includes children aged between 3 and 10 years with ATR ≤48 h, a negative rapid test for beta-hemolytic streptococcus or culture identification of nasal and/or pharyngeal exudates, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The dietary supplement tested is an oral solution already on the market based on Pelagon P-70 (equivalent to Pelargonium sidoides d.e. 133.3 mg/100 ml), propolis, zinc, and honey. The product is administered at 5 ml 3 times a day for 6 days for children younger than 6 years and 10 ml 3 times a day for 6 days for children older than 6 years. The study design is open label, randomized, and controlled, with the tested dietary supplement plus standard of care (SoC) versus SoC alone. Patients are enrolled from 3 sites in Romania. The change in Tonsillitis Severity Score and number of treatment failures (using ibuprofen or high-dose paracetamol as rescue medication) are the primary end points. Based on the Tonsillitis Severity Score and the 2-sample comparison of the means formula with a 5% significance level, 80% power, and a minimally clinically important difference of 2 (SD 3.85) points, 120 patients are required. To account for potential screening failures and dropouts, we need to screen a population of approximately 150 children.

RESULTS

Patient enrollment began on June 3, 2021 (first patient’s first visit), and ended on August 12, 2021 (last patient’s last visit). The data collection period was from June 3, 2021, to September 16, 2021. The study was funded in February 2023. Data analysis is currently ongoing (April 2024). We expect the results to be published in a peer-reviewed clinical journal in the third quarter of 2024 and presented at scientific meetings in the last quarter of 2024.

CONCLUSIONS

The data from this trial may help identify new adjuvant treatments for children with ATR when streptococcal infection is excluded by a negative rapid test, thereby avoiding unnecessary antibiotic administration.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04899401 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04899401

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/53703
Qualitative study of the use of electronic cigarettes in university students
Authors: Mateo Fernando , Arvelo  Saldaña Johanna , Santana Linette , Sánchez José Javier , Capestany Christy
Published: October 2023

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the level of knowledge, beliefs, perception, and practices associated with consuming electronic cigarettes among university students.  
Materials and methods: A qualitative study of phenomenological type and from primary sources was carried out in the period of May-August of the year 2019 at the private university Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM) and the public university Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), Santiago campus, Dominican Republic. The data collection method was done through interviews, which the interviewers recorded. Each student interviewed signed an informed consent certifying that they answered voluntarily each question asked by the interviewer. The sample consisted of 53 interviews, 48 individuals, and five focus groups. Interviews were done until reaching the saturation point of each question, which is when all the answers became repetitive. 
Results: University students’ knowledge regarding electronic cigarettes (EC) is poor. Knowledge regarding its mechanism, parts, substances, and possible complications to one’s health, is scarce both in PUCMM and the UASD, but this is more notable at the public university. Additionally, many perceive EC as an alternative to tobacco use, the former, as per our study population, having a variety of flavors, a pleasant smell, being attractive, practical, and capable of offering relaxation. Regarding the attitude towards the device, PUCMM exhibits a higher level of rejection regarding its use. It is essential to mention that most interviewees were once users of EC. However, they do not recommend it to a great extent since they assume that it can cause harm and be addictive, although to a lesser extent than conventional cigarettes. The population most susceptible to its use are young people, including minors and the male gender, although females have been significantly increasing its use. Similarly, it was possible to appreciate the influences that greatly evoke the younger population’s consumption, including social networks, family, friends, and the surrounding environment. 
Conclusion: We concluded that university students have insufficient knowledge regarding electronic cigarettes, both in their mechanism, substances, and health complications. Most see electronic cigarettes as smoking devices with a pleasant smell, which can be very attractive to users. It was possible to observe the critical role played by social influences on the use of the device, promoted by social networks and close relationships. Another problem in current society is the use of CE in minors. According to the results, there is a great need for intervention and education, mainly among the younger generation.
Factores relacionados al estado nutricional y actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de Santiago
Authors: Yamaki Kokubun Eimi , Azcona Nuñez Gloria Maria , García Valerio Carla , Ortíz Hernández Isi Yanet , Ortíz De Polanco Rosa Matilde
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La actividad física y el estado nutricional son dos componentes fundamentales en el estilo de vida de las personas. Los jóvenes universitarios, al encontrarse expuestos a distintos entornos, son vulnerables a adquirir ciertos hábitos y actitudes que pueden llegar a perjudicar su salud. En República Dominicana se carecen de estos datos, dándole importancia a este estudio, investigando sobre dichos factores modificables.
Objetivos: Determinar los factores relacionados al estado nutricional y actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de la provincia Santiago de los Caballeros en el período de mayo-julio 2022.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo corte transversal utilizando fuentes primarias en el periodo 2021-2022 en Santiago, a través de un cuestionario con 33 preguntas, aplicado previo a consentimiento informado, en una muestra de 201 estudiantes seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo bola de nieve en una población desconocida.
Resultados: La mayoría de la población encuestada era de sexo femenino (67.2%), el estado nutricional predominante era aquel con un IMC normal (36.8%), la mayor parte de los universitarios eran inactivos físicamente (41.8%), y los hábitos alimenticios de los mismos eran parcialmente inadecuados (57.2%).
Conclusión: La relación entre los factores sociodemográficos y académicos con la actividad física y el estado nutricional no fue estadísticamente significativa. Sin embargo, se evidenció una relación significativa entre la actividad física inactiva y los hábitos alimenticios parcialmente inadecuados de los participantes.
Confianza y renuencia ante la vacuna contra la enfermedad por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: López Emilton , Araujo Adams Alejandro José , Astacio Nelly , Estévez Arianna
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Las vacunas han sido uno de los inventos más relevantes en el ámbito de la salud pública, debido al poder que tienen de erradicar epidemias y prevenir complicaciones y muertes. Sin embargo, la renuencia ha predominado.
Objetivo: evaluar la confianza y renuencia ante la vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) por parte de la población de las Salinas de Baní, provincia Peravia.
Metodología: Paradigma positivista, de tipo descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo y de corte transversal. La población total fue de 708 personas adultas, residentes en la comunidad de las Salinas de Baní, con una muestra aleatoria de 170 pacientes. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un formulario (anexo #1) aplicado en el período agosto-septiembre 2021.
Resultados: El 20.69% de la población confía en la vacuna; el nivel de confianza mayormente atribuido fue el nivel 10 con un 36.45%; el 46.52% de la población está conforme con su acerca de la vacuna; el grupo etario con mayor duda sobre aplicarse la vacuna es el de 21-29 años, y la religión no fue un factor influyente para vacunarse.
Conclusiones: A pesar del rápido desarrollo e introducción de las vacunas contra la COVID-19, la mayoría de la población le atribuyen un alto nivel de confianza.
Tasa de filtración glomerular como estimador de la hipertensión en enfermedades renales y cardiovasculares
Authors: Gil Ramos José Manuel , Mercado Avendaño Gabriela , Roldan-Tabares Mabel Dahiana , Martínez-Sánchez Lina María , Castañeda Palacio Santiago
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Las fórmulas para la estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular son fundamentales para estimar el curso de enfermedades renales; incluso ha sido de gran ayuda para obtener datos de prevalencia. Las ecuaciones comparadas con otros métodos son una forma económica y rápida para dar una estimación de la función renal.
Objetivo: Describir la utilización de diferentes fórmulas para calcular la tasa de filtración glomerular relacionada con la hipertensión arterial y otras patologías renales y cardiovasculares.
Metodología: Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos de investigación en bases de datos como PubMed, Science-Direct, Embase y otras, se estableció un tiempo de publicación entre los años 2018-2022 y se seleccionaron 42 artículos científicos relacionados con el tema.
Resultados: La hipertensión arterial es una situación que incrementa el riesgo tanto de enfermedad cardiovascular como de deterioro de la función renal, por lo que en los pacientes hipertensos se espera una relación estrecha en la expresión de ambas patologías. Existen factores que alteran los valores de la creatinina sérica como la dieta, el ejercicio, la edad, el género, la masa muscular, enfermedades musculares y medicamentos. El impacto de la hipertensión en la función renal está descrito además de la relación entre el deterioro de la función renal y el incremento del riesgo cardiovascular; es por esto que en los últimos años la estimación de la función renal se ha incorporado como un marcador de morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular.
Conclusiones: La estimación de la tasa de filtración glomerular es importante en varios contextos clínicos, en especial en aquellos pacientes con enfermedades que afectan la función glomerular, la creatinina es el biomarcador más usado a pesar de sus evidentes limitaciones.
Correction Factor Method As A Substitute For Sequential Construction Analysis Of Buildings
Authors: Dutt Aluka Chandra , Babu Dr. Ramesh , Divakar Mr.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Within the sphere of structural analysis, a method of paramount importance emerges - the Correction Factor Method. Unlike conventional approaches, this method stands as a stalwart against the complexities of non-linear structural behavior. It pioneers a path that diverges from the linear norm, offering precision and insight where others falter. The structural parts of the building are analyzed in one step using linear static analysis method by assuming that the structure will be subjected to full load after the finishing of the construction completely. In reality things work in other way the dead load from each structural members and finishing materials are imposed in different stages as the structure is constructed storey by storey. Similarly the stability of frame changes at every stage of construction. Because of this changes the loads assumed in conventional analysis vary in the construction process and the results obtained in the traditional analysis will be unstable. Thus the structural frame should be analyzed in every structural construction stage by keeping variation of loads. This process is called as Construction Stage Analysis this process considers all the uncertainties precisely. This process is a time consuming process as the analysis is a complex process. Thus Correction factor method can be introduced where the analysis time can be reduced and the results will be accurate to Construction Stage Analysis. In this project multistoried reinforced concrete building frames with different number of floors are analyzed using ETABS, and then Construction Stage Analysis of each building model is done. A comparative study of Bending moments, axial forces, twisting moments and shear forces are carried out at every stage of the structural frame. These values are compared with linear static analysis and Construction Stage Analysis. From the values obtained correction factors are derived. From this method we can get results which has a maximum error of 2% and this proves that correction factor can be used as a substitute for sequential construction analysis
Effective Location of Different Outrigger System in Seismic Respond RCC High Rising Building Using ETABS
Authors: Ghadge Prof. K. R. , Saruk Prof. D. B. , Ghongade Lavanya V.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: The rapidly growing number of high-rise structures around the world poses new obstacles, and lateral stiffness becomes one of the most critical issues as building height rises. The lateral stiffness and resistance capacity of high-rise buildings have a significant impact on structural efficiency, and structural engineers have introduced numerous capable constructions. The outrigger system is one of the most frequent and effective lateral loads resisting structural systems for improving structural stiffness and stabilizing the structure. The core shear wall provides structural strength in the main structural system, while the outrigger like X bracing adds lateral stiffness. In this study building with the outrigger and shear wall system has been analysed by Response Spectrum Analysis, The concept of illumination of outrigger structural systems is evaluated by comparing multiple X braced outrigger system and shear wall system models types utilizing a 25-story reinforced concrete building using ETABS software under seismic load to better understand the performance and load transferring mechanism of outrigger system.
Spam Email Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks: An Empirical Study
Authors: Merugu Akshay , Chagapuram Hrishikesh Goud , Bollepalli Rahul
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This study leverages Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs); a state-of-the-art deep learning architecture primarily used in image analysis, and adapts it for the detection of phishing emails. By treating email content as multi-dimensional data, we employ CNNs to extract meaningful features and patterns from email headers, text, and attachments. Our approach not only identifies known phishing templates but also has the capability to detect emerging and zero-day phishing attacks
Studies of the Chemical Reactivity of a Series of Benzimidazolyl-Chalcone by Quantum Chemical Approaches
Authors: KONÉ Mamadou Guy-Richard , BÉDÉ Affoué Lucie , OUATTARA Bafétigué , DEMBÉLÉ Georges Stéphane , KARAMANIS Panaghiotis , ZIAO Nahossé
Published: October 2023

This theoretical chemical reactivity study was conducted using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of calculation. It involved a series of five (05) Benzimidazolyl-Chalcone (BZC) and allowed the prediction of the chemical reactivity of these compounds. The DFT global chemical reactivity descriptors (HOMO and LUMO energies, chemical hardness, energy, electronic chemical potential and electrophilicity) were examined to predict the relative stability and reactivity of BZCs. Thus BZC-4 which has a boundary orbital energy gap of ΔEgap = 3.650 eV is the most polarisable, most reactive, good nucleophile.and it is a soft molecule. The values of the global reactivity descriptors confirmed the high chemical reactivity of BZC-4. Local reactivity indices as well as dual descriptors were calculated to indicate the likely sites of electrophilic and nucleophilic attack of the different compounds studied. The analysis of the local indices and the dual descriptors revealed that the nitrogen heteroatom N13 is the preferential site of electrophilic attack and the carbon atom C1 should be the most reactive site with respect to a nucleophilic attack. the Hierarchical Ascending Classification analysis allowed us to group all five (5) compounds studied into three categories. The most active which are BZC-1 and BZC-5, the moderately active BZC-2, and the compounds BZC-3 and BZC-4, the least active. Moreover, this classification is consistent with the value of the Larvicide concentrations (LC100 (μg/mL)).

Keywords : Benzimidazolyl-Chalcone (BZC), Global descriptors, Local descriptors, Dual descriptors
An overview on Saussurea obvallata: A spirituo-scientific plant of India
Authors: Jyothi R , Srinivas Murthy K M
Published: October 2023

Saussurea obvallata (S. Obvallata) is one of the beneficial plant which has been used in various countries as traditional medicines. Some of the species have been identified as endangered ones. Realizing the importance of one of S. Obvallata in ornamental, spiritual and traditional purposes, a review studies was undertaken to understand the scientific investigations carried out on the plant and spiritual practices in India have been focused as a part of germplasm conservation in India.

Keywords: S. obvallata, Brahma kamal, medicinal, spiritual plant
Histopatological Changes in Plasenta Previa, Plasenta Acreata and Normotensive Plasentas in the 3rd Trimestry of Pregnancy
Authors: ERDOĞAN Gamze , DEVECİ Engin , PEKER Nurullah , İBİLOĞLU İbrahim , TEKELİOĞLU Yavuz , YAVUZ Dilek , AKDENİZ Gül Ebru , ERDOĞAN Hasan
Published: October 2023

Introduction: One of the consequences of improper placentation is placenta previa, a condition in which the placenta is located on or near the internal cervical os. This condition is the major cause of bleeding in the last trimester of pregnancy. It is one of the causes of both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Placenta accreta is a disorder caused by abnormal invasion of the placental villi into the myometrium. In this study, we aimed to compare the histopathologic changes in placenta previa, placenta acreata and normotensive placentas during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Materials and methods: In our study, placentas of a total of 60 pregnant women including 20 placenta previa, 20 placenta acreata and 20 normotensive pregnant women were used and the placentas were compared histopathologically.

Results: In the control group placentas, the appearance of endothelial cells was normal, with a slight distribution of erythrocytes in the intervillous areas. Fibrinoid structures were observed to be smooth. Dysfunctional development of endothelial cells was observed in the sections of the placenta acreata group.  Congestion and edema were observed in the vessels and degeneration was detected in the cells in the syncytial region. In placenta previa sections, muscle cells showed prominent pyknotic nucleus structures.  Dilatations and fibronoid structures were seen in the vessels. Dense erythrocyte accumulation was detected in the intervillous areas.

Conclusion: In our study, we concluded that placenta previa and placenta accreta cause very serious degenerations on the placentas.

Keywords: Placenta, Placenta Previa, Plasenta Acreata, histopatology
Liquid-based cytology screening in Gynecologic oncology
Authors: Lakshmi K , Balaji R , Ramamurthy A , Devi Senthil , Jayakumar V , Vijayalakshmi K
Published: October 2023

Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is transforming the diagnostic landscape of gynecologic oncology, offering enhanced accuracy in the early detection and effective management of cancers like cervical, ovarian, and endometrial. This article provides an in-depth review of the principles underpinning LBC, elaborates on its application in modern gynecologic oncology, and discusses the distinctive advantages that it holds over traditional cytology methods. Furthermore, the article recognizes the potential limitations of LBC, including cost implications and residual challenges with sample interpretation. The discussion also highlights the ability of LBC to synergistically work with additional testing methods such as high-risk HPV DNA testing, which enriches the diagnostic information gathered from each sample. With this comprehensive analysis, the article illustrates the compelling role of LBC in revolutionizing the quality of diagnostic samples and its consequent potential for improving patient outcomes in gynecologic oncology. This exploration paves the way for future research to further harness and optimize the benefits of LBC in advancing gynecologic healthcare.

Keywords: Liquid-based cytology, Gynecology, Oncology
Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia and their relationship with anxiety
Authors: Baloğlu Murat , Gür Ali
Published: October 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects synovial attachments and negatively affects many organs and tissues. Non-inflammatory soft tissue rheumatism of the disorder and the disease. Pain is the most common and regular symptom in both diseases. The purpose of the study is to reveal the crises of pain with FMS and RA and psychiatric diseases such as anxiety or their association. The study included RA and FMS patients according to the 2010 ARA criteria. 50 patients with FMS and 50 patients with RA were included. If anxiety was present for both groups, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAQ) was used for measurements, the Beck Depression Scale and Zung's vulnerability were used to determine the psychological dimensions of the copies, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to determine the pain intensity. The general care of the patients on a daily basis was examined. The patient and control group were compared to see if there was a significant difference in terms of these measurements.
Relationship Between of Adherence Rate to Taking Drugs Antihypertensives against Blood Pressure of Elderly Patients in Sekarjaya Health Center Ogan Komering Ulu Regency
Authors: Hardiyanti Trirahmi , Adil Fisat Dewa , Luthfiana Farisa , Budiyanti Nur Aini
Published: October 2023

Hypertension is a disease that is often found in the community and continues to experience an increase in cases of hypertension due to unhealthy lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adherence to the consumption of antihypertensive drugs, describe the increase in patients' blood pressure and explain the relationship between the level of adherence in taking antihypertensive drugs to blood pressure in elderly patients. This study used a prospective quantitative descriptive method at the Sekarjaya Health Center, OKU Regency in May-June 2023. The results of the study found that out of 50 patients, 41 patients had low adherence and 9 patients had moderate adherence. In the classification of hypertension patients, 14 patients (28%) were at the pre-hypertensive level, 27 patients (54%) were at level 1 hypertension and 9 patients (18%) were at level 2 hypertension. Analysis of the relationship of adherence to blood pressure obtained a p value of 0.361. The conclusion of this study was that there was no relationship between compliance with blood pressure in hypertensive patients at the Sekarjaya Health Center, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. However, the length of illness and forgetting to take medication was influence on compliance with p values of 0.045 and 0.002.

Keywords: Hypertension, geriatrics, adherence, health center
Evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves for its anthelmintic activity on Tubifex tubifex
Authors: Pramanick Krishanu , Mukherjee Mainak , Bhattacharya Priyanku , Saha Kousik , Sarkar Urmistha
Published: October 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to screen the anthelmintic property of a hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves. It is widely used for the treatment of anti-inflammatory, enzyme inhibitory, oxidative stress, cytotoxic impact in the ayurvedic medicine system as well as it is also used as a folk medicine in joint pain. The other parts of this plant are scientifically proven for its anthelmintic activity. The most important activities like glucose uptake, enzyme inhibitory activity, auxin transportation etc. have already been proven but still there is no scientific data available on anthelmintic activity of Vitex negundo leaves.

Methods: The hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves was obtained by maceration process and various phytochemical tests were performed. Limit test, main test and comparative test were performed to investigate the anthelmintic activity.

Results: The paralysis and death time of the Tubifex tubifex worms was noted and the minimum concentration of dose responsible for death of all the test worms within 4 hours was calculated. Albendazole suspension was used as standard drug. The data shows statistically significant by using one-way ANNOVA, Dunnett's post-parametric test between test group and standard group data (P<0.01).

Conclusion: Therefore, the hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves has the potential to be used as a natural anthelmintic agent.

Keywords: Vitex negundo, hydroalcoholic extract, anthelmintic activity, Tubifex tubifex, paralysis time, death time, Albendazole.
Effect of Thymoquinone on Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Viability (OVCAR-3)
Authors: Özdemir İlhan , Ekinci Cenap , Ekinci Cenap
Published: October 2023

Aim: Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. However, it has the highest mortality rate among cancers due to its asymptomatic course, late diagnosis and recurrence. Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most commonly prescribed chemotherapeutics in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. The serious side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and the development of drug resistance restrict the use of these drugs. The use of natural products with anticancer activity may help partially overcome these problems. In this study, the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and Dox, a powerful chemotherapy agent, on cell growth inhibition and cell viability on OVCAR-3 and human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were determined by the MTT method.

Method: Ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines OVCAR-3 (CCL-2™) and HaCat (RRID: CVCL_0038) were used in the study. To determine the IC50 (inhibitory concentration) doses of Dox and TQ, HeLa and HaCaT cell lines were cultivated with the help of an automatic multipipet. Then, MTT test was applied to analyze cell survival (viability).

Results: OVCAR-3 cell growth was approximately 2.12 nM at the 48th hour in cells treated with Dox, while the IC50 value of TQ at the 48th hour was found to be 62.9 µM.

Conclusion: These results show that TQ potentiates the effect of Dox and the Dox/TQ combination may be a promising alternative to other chemotherapeutic combinations in the treatment of ovarian cancer with lower side effects.

Keywords: Thymoquinone, Cancer, Ovarian adenocarcinoma, MTT
Structure and mechanical properties of shipbuilding steel produced by direct laser deposition and hot rolling
Authors: Mendagaliev R. V. , Zotov O. G. , Ivanov S. Yu. , Klimova-Korsmik O. G. , Lebedeva N. V. , Kuklina A. A.
Published: October 2023

The structure and properties of specimens obtained by direct laser deposition from 09CrNi2MoCu steel have been investigated. The results of anisotropy of properties and structural heterogeneity induced by high rate of obtaining cold-resistant steel specimens are presented. It is shown that the content of residual austenite and cementite in the steel structure, after direct laser deposition at the boundaries of fusion rolls is significantly higher, which contributes to anisotropy. Rolling of the deposit specimens was carried out in order to reduce the anisotropy of properties and to increase the strength and plastic properties. In the work two rolling technologies are considered: hardening from furnace heating and from rolling heating, as well as the next high tempering.