bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Adult Pancreas in Trauma and Disease
Authors: Walker Alfredo E.
Published: June 2018

The spectrum of traumatic and natural disease that can affect the adult pancreas is multiple and varied. Some entities are more commonly encountered in routine forensic pathology practice and the forensic pathologist needs to be very familiar with their pathological features and development from a pathophysiological perspective. However, many of the conditions are extremely rare and may never be encountered in the professional lifetimes of an individual pathologist. Still, forensic pathologists need to be aware of them in case they are one day faced with these entities as possible diagnoses to be established at postmortem examination. This can be the result of clinical concerns raised in life, potential natural disease explanations for unexpected biochemical results, and sudden, unexpected or otherwise unexplained deaths where criminal concern about the exogenous administration of a substance must be considered. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2018 8(2): 192-218
The Pancreas in Child Abuse
Authors: Callahan Katherine , Knight Laura D.
Published: June 2018

The pancreas can be a critical indicator of inflicted injury in young children. Due to its retroperitoneal location and the amount of incursion of the abdomen required to cause injury, the pancreas is unlikely to be significantly injured in minor trauma incidents. Typical blunt force injury mechanisms for the pancreas include motor vehicle collisions, inflicted injury from blows or kicks, and bicycle handlebar injuries with deep incursion of the abdomen. The death of a toddler is described in which a pancreatic injury was a critical indicator of abusive injury rather than the claimed accidental fall or cardiopulmonary resuscitation-related trauma. Review of the medical literature regarding the epidemiology, etiology, and pathology of childhood pancreatic injuries is discussed. Pancreatic injury is a marker of severe blunt force trauma and should rouse a suspicion of nonaccidental trauma in young children. In the absence of a severe, high velocity or deep abdominal incursion traumatic mechanism, such as motor vehicle collision or bicycle handlebar injury, pancreatic laceration specifically is a marker of inflicted injury in children under the age of five. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2018 8(2): 219-238
Fatal Mitragynine-Associated Toxicity in Canada
Authors: Wang Carol , Walker Alfredo E.
Published: June 2018

Mitragynine is amongst the more than 40 natural indole alkaloids derived from the Mitragyna speciosa, or kratom tree, also referred to as ketum. The compound is unique in that it exhibits dose-dependent clinical outcomes with stimulant effects at lower doses but sedative effects at higher concentrations. It is indigenous to Southeast Asia, where the local population has had extensive experiences utilizing the substance for its medicinal as well as recreational effects. Mitragynine is advertised as an herbal remedy and is readily accessible via the Internet, resulting in its expansive distribution throughout the world. The addictive potential of this substance is quickly becoming recognized and mitragynine has been implicated in multidrug toxicity deaths. We present a case of the first reported mitragynine-associated fatality in Canada where an independently fatal mitragynine concentration was detected in the postmortem femoral venous blood and the source drug was likely obtained as a powder from Indonesia. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2018 8(2): 340-346
Online activities among elder informal caregivers: Results from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Reinwand Dominique A , Crutzen Rik , Zank Susanne
Published: June 2018

Objectives

The internet can be used as a source to gain information or support during highly demanding circumstances, e.g. providing informal care. While internet use has been studied among older people, less is known about informal caregivers' online behaviour. This study aims to explore differences in internet use regarding online activities between informal caregivers and non-caregivers.

Methods

We used data of the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences panel (2014), including people aged 65 and older ( N = 1413). To test differences with regard to 15 common internet activities; descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were conducted.

Results

The sample included 1197 participants aged 65 and older, and 325 (27.2%) were identified as informal caregivers. It was found that informal caregivers played more online games ( χ2 (1, 1198) = 6.20, p = 0.01), while non-caregivers more often read online news ( χ2 (1, 1198) = 4.44, p = 0.04) and were more active on social network websites ( χ2 (1, 1198) = 5.07, p = 0.02) compared to their counterparts.

Conclusion

Based on a representative sample, the results show that informal caregivers do not use the internet more for information seeking, but more often for playing online games, which may indicate that the internet is used to compensate for stress. Further research is needed to identify how informal caregivers can be supported by online services.
Hepatic artery resistive index as surrogate marker for fibrosis progression in NAFLD patients: A clinical perspective
Authors: Tana Claudio , Schiavone Cosima , Ticinesi Andrea , Lauretani Fulvio , Nouvenne Antonio , Dietrich Christoph Frank , Meschi Tiziana
Published: June 2018

Ultrasound (US) can reveal the presence of steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its diagnostic accuracy to reveal signs of fibrosis is low except in advanced stages of disease (e.g. cirrhosis). Current guidelines suggest the use of clinical algorithms, such as the NAFLD fibrosis score, and elastography to predict the progression of fibrosis, and the integration of elastography improves the detection accuracy of liver stiffness. However, there is a lack of evidence about the correlation between clinical algorithms and conventional US, and elastography is limited by the relative low diffusion, necessity of training, and loss of diagnostic accuracy in patients with high body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, or increased thickness of parietal walls, with consequent significant rates of failure of measurement of liver stiffness. Recently, the measurement of hepatic artery resistive index (HARI) has demonstrated a significant positive correlation with fibrosis degree, as measured with NAFLD fibrosis score, suggesting that the fibrous tissue accumulation may result in increased arterial rigidity and, therefore, in a rise of resistance to flow, and that the different tissue composition of the liver (adipose versus fibrous) can influence HARI differently. These issues should be further investigated because some aspects are still unknown. The limited data currently justify the need of larger, prospective studies aimed at assessing whether HARI correlates with elastography results. In view of their effect on weight loss, serum lipid concentration, and hepatic arterial flow hemodynamics, it could be interesting to evaluate if lifestyle and diet changes can influence significantly HARI values in NAFLD patients.
Capsular arthroplasty for neglected developmental dysplasia of hip
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Qadir Irfan , Zaman Atiq uz , Khan Chiragh Muhammad , Javed Shahzad , Ahmad Naeem , Aziz Amer
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Treatment of developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) diagnosed after 10 years of age is extremely difficult because of the soft tissue and bone deformities. In this study, we evaluated short-term results of a single-stage procedure performed with surgical hip dislocation, femoral shortening and capsular arthroplasty.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective review of charts of five patients with DDH, older than 10 years, who underwent capsular arthroplasty at Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital between 2013 and 2015 was performed. Post-operative functional evaluation was performed using modified McKay’s scoring system and radiographic assessment using Severin’s scoring method at a minimum of 2-year follow-up.

Results:

We present results of five patients (six hips) with a mean age of 18.16 years. All patients had limping gait and International Hip dysplasia Institute classification (IHDI) class 4 hip dislocation. Harris hip score showed a significant improvement (53.13 vs 84.16; p = 0.0001). Femoral shortening of 2–2.5 cm was done. Additional shelf procedure was required in one patient. This patient persistently has post-operative hip subluxation. All patients had good to excellent outcomes according to McKay classification. Post-operative Severin classification was 1A in all patients. No case of avascular necrosis of the femoral head was noted during the follow-up.

Conclusion:

Capsular arthroplasty with subtrochanteric shortening is a useful procedure for neglected cases of DDH in patients older than 10 years.
MRI overestimates the full-thickness tear of distal triceps tendon rupture
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Al-Ramadhan Hassan , Bahkley Abdulrahman M , Alalwan Malak Q , Jeon In-Ho
Published: June 2018

Purpose:

Injury to the distal triceps brachii tendon is rare. Imaging radiographs are used to confirm the findings of physical examination, classify the extent of injury, and guide treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard of diagnostic imaging. However, no previous study has reported on the accuracy of differentiation between partial- and full-thickness triceps tendon tears. Our study’s aim was to define the accuracy of MRI in differentiating partial- from full-thickness tear of the distal triceps tendon. We hypothesized that MRI has low accuracy in differentiating partial- from full-thickness tears.

Methods:

A total of eight patients with nine triceps tendon tears underwent surgical repair from 2011 to 2015. MRI of the elbows were retrospectively reviewed for the presence and type of tear, tendon involvement, and location of the tear, and later correlated with surgical findings.

Results:

Of the three surgically confirmed complete tears, MRI correctly reported a complete tear in all patients. Of the six partial tears confirmed at surgery, MRI correctly identified four tears. In two cases, MRI described a complete tear, but only a partial tear was noted at surgery.

Conclusion:

False-positive MRI assessment of distal triceps injury is not rare. Surgeons should rely on clinical examination in assessing distal triceps tendon injury, with imaging studies providing an adjunctive role in the diagnosis and decision-making.
Context Matters in the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies
Authors: Rottweiler Anna-Lena , Taxer Jamie L. , Nett Ulrike E.
Published: June 2018

In the time before an upcoming exam, anxiety is an omnipresent emotion that students may choose to regulate. To date, emotion regulation strategies have been examined in everyday life, but little is known about how these strategies work in exam-related contexts. Therefore, our aim was to explore the effectiveness of several emotion regulation strategies across two contexts (exam-related vs. non-exam-related anxiety). A total of 68 university students participated in an experience sampling study for 6 days prior to an important exam. Suppression improved mood in exam-related anxiety, while distraction improved mood only in non-exam-related anxiety. Considering these differing effects, it is important to not unilaterally classify emotion regulation strategies into effective versus ineffective but to also consider the context in which the emotion is experienced.
Promoting Collaborative Classrooms: The Impacts of Interdependent Cooperative Learning on Undergraduate Interactions and Achievement
Authors: Premo Joshua , Cavagnetto Andy , Davis William B. , Brickman Peggy
Published: June 2018

Collaboration is an important career skill and vital to student understanding of the social aspects of science, but less is known about relationships among collaborative-learning strategies, classroom climate, and student learning. We sought to increase the collaborative character of introductory undergraduate laboratory classrooms by analyzing a 9-week intervention in 10 classrooms ( n = 251) that participated in cooperative-learning modules (promoting interdependence via a modified jigsaw technique). Students in an additional 10 classrooms ( n = 232) completed the same material in an unstructured format representative of common educational practice. Results showed that, when between-class variance was controlled for, intervention students did not score higher on weekly quizzes, but science interest and prior science experience had a reduced relationship to quiz performance in intervention classrooms. Also, intervention classrooms showed increased collaborative engagement at both whole-class and individual levels (24 students at three time points), but the intervention was only one of several factors found to account for late-intervention classroom collaborative engagement (prosocial behavior and discussion practices). Taken together, findings suggest that integrating interdependence-based tasks may foster collaborative engagement at both small-group and whole-classroom levels, but by itself may not be enough to promote increased student achievement.
Reviews
Authors: McCormack Mike
Published: June 2018

Earth Materials: Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology, second edition, by C. Klein and A. Philpotts, ISBN 978-1-316-60885-2, 2016, Cambridge University Press, 584 p., US$99.99 (print)
Memorial
Authors: Ma Frank (Xin-Quan) , Cowley Katharine
Published: June 2018

Paul Haskey, a well-known and highly respected geophysicist, died at the age of 75 on 27 February 2018 in Keston, Kent, England.
Confessions of a liar-detector: I can tell if you're malingering, but I can't tell why
Authors: Tracy Derek K.
Published: June 2018

Malingering is the intentional feigning of illness for external gain. The author has written several papers on the epidemiology, assessment, testing and reporting of this. However, practice in this field can raise considerable challenges, not least the inability to determine motivation for lying, and potential damage from ‘false positives’, where individuals fabricate some aspects of their testimony, yet still have underlying psychiatric problems. This brief article lays out the author's reflections on this complex area.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
Improving Male Reproductive Health After Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer: Progress and Future Directions for Survivorship Research
Authors: Kenney Lisa B. , Antal Zoltan , Ginsberg Jill P. , Hoppe Bradford S. , Bober Sharon L. , Yu Richard N. , Constine Louis S. , van Santen Hanneke M. , Skinner Roderick , Green Daniel M.
Published: June 2018

Reproductive health is a common concern and often a source of distress for male childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors. Clinical and epidemiologic research in survivor populations has identified alkylating agent chemotherapy, testicular radiation, and surgery or radiation to the genitourinary organs, lower spine, or the hypothalamic-pituitary region as risk factors for adverse reproductive outcomes, including impaired spermatogenesis, testosterone insufficiency, and sexual dysfunction. Much of the research on male survivors has focused on the outcome of fertility, using spermatogenesis, serum gonadotropins, and paternity as the measures. However, these studies often fail to account for the clinically relevant but difficult-to-quantify aspects of fertility such as sexual function, cancer-related delayed psychosocial development, medical comorbidities, and socioeconomic concerns. Clinical and basic science research has made significant contributions to improving reproductive outcomes for survivors, with recent advancements in the areas of fertility preservation, clinical assessment of reproductive function, and treatment of adverse reproductive outcomes. Furthermore, there is an emerging qualitative literature addressing the psychosexual aspects of male reproductive health, the clinical application of which will improve quality of life for survivors. This review summarizes the current survivorship literature on reproductive health outcomes for male survivors, including the epidemiology of impaired spermatogenesis, testosterone insufficiency, and sexual dysfunction; clinical and laboratory assessment of reproductive function; and established and investigational interventions to preserve reproductive function for patients newly diagnosed and survivors. Although survivorship research has made significant contributions to improving reproductive outcomes, additional scientific progress is needed in the areas of fertility preservation, risk assessment, and psychosexual support with the aim of optimizing reproductive health for current and future survivors.
Models of Care for Survivors of Childhood Cancer From Across the Globe: Advancing Survivorship Care in the Next Decade
Authors: Tonorezos Emily S. , Barnea Dana , Cohn Richard J. , Cypriano Monica S. , Fresneau Brice C. , Haupt Riccardo , Hjorth Lars , Ishida Yasushi , Kruseova Jarmila , Kuehni Claudia E. , Kurkure Purna A. , Langer Thorsten , Nathan Paul C. , Skeen Jane E. , Skinner Roderick , Tacyildiz Nurdan , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Winther Jeanette F. , Hudson Melissa M. , Oeffinger Kevin C.
Published: June 2018

With improvements in cancer treatment and supportive care, a growing population of survivors of childhood cancer at risk for significant and potentially life-threatening late effects has been identified. To provide a current snapshot of the models of care from countries with varying levels of resources and health care systems, stakeholders in childhood cancer survivorship clinical care and research were identified from 18 countries across five continents. Stakeholders responded to a survey and provided a brief narrative regarding the current state of survivorship care. Findings indicate that among pediatric-age survivors of childhood cancer (allowing for differences in age cutoffs across countries), resources are generally available, and a large proportion of survivors are seen by a physician familiar with late effects in most countries. After survivors transition to adulthood, only a minority are seen by a physician familiar with late effects. Despite the need to improve communication between pediatric oncology and primary care, only a few countries have existing national efforts to educate primary care physicians, although many more reported that educational programs are in development. These data highlight common challenges and potential solutions for the lifelong care of survivors of childhood cancer. Combining risk-based and patient-oriented solutions for this population is likely to benefit both providers and patients.
Ramucirumab Safety in East Asian Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Six Global, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trials
Authors: Yen Chia-Jui , Muro Kei , Kim Tae-Won , Kudo Masatoshi , Shih Jin-Yuan , Lee Keun-Wook , Chao Yee , Kim Sang-We , Yamazaki Kentaro , Sohn JooHyuk , Cheng Rebecca , Zhang Yawei , Binder Polina , Mi Gu , Orlando Mauro , Chung Hyun Cheol
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Several ramucirumab trials have reported a higher incidence of selected adverse events (AEs) in East Asian (EA) patients with cancer versus non-EA patients. A meta-analysis was conducted across six completed phase III trials to establish the safety parameters of ramucirumab in EA compared with non-EA patients.

Materials and Methods

Six global, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III registration trials investigating ramucirumab were assessed. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated for selected all-grade and grade ≥ 3 AEs using fixed-effects and mixed-effects models. Ratio of RR and number needed to harm were calculated for AEs (all grade and grade ≥ 3) between EA and non-EA patients.

Results

Of 4,996 randomly assigned patients receiving ramucirumab or placebo, 802 (16.1%) were EA (ramucirumab, n = 411; placebo, n = 391) and 4,194 were non-EA (ramucirumab, n = 2,337; placebo, n = 1,857). Patient baseline characteristics were generally balanced between treatment arms in EA and non-EA patients, excluding sex and body weight. Grade ≥ 3 AEs possibly associated with ramucirumab, which were increased in EA versus non-EA patients, included neutropenia (42.1% v 25.5%, respectively) and proteinuria (3.9% v 0.6%, respectively). There was an increase in the RR of several grade ≥ 3 AEs, including hypertension and proteinuria, in ramucirumab-treated EA and non-EA patients compared with placebo. The ratio of RR revealed no significant differences between EA and non-EA patients for all-grade and grade ≥ 3 AEs.

Conclusion

Despite the enhanced propensity of selected AEs in EA patients relative to non-EA patients, there were no substantial differences in the RR for AEs possibly associated with ramucirumab in these phase III trials.
Trioxotriangulene: Air- and Thermally Stable Organic Carbon-Centered Neutral π-Radical without Steric Protection
Authors: Morita Yasushi , Murata Tsuyoshi , Ueda Akira , Yamada Chiaki , Kanzaki Yuki , Shiomi Daisuke , Sato Kazunobu , Takui Takeji
Published: June 2018

To stabilize organic neutral radicals, which are usually very unstable chemical species in air atmosphere, “steric protection” is the most general and indispensable method. Based on the design of electronic-spin structure of polycyclic carbon-centered π-radicals, we have for the first time realized a peculiarly stable neutral π-radical without bulky substituent groups, 4,8,12-trioxotriangulene (TOT), whose decomposition point is higher than 240 °C in the solid state under air. This remarkably high air-stability as a neutral radical is achieved by spin-delocalization originating from the symmetric and expanded π-electronic structure of TOT. The oxo-functionalities also highly contribute to the high stability through electronic-spin modulation, where the largest electronic spin density located at the central carbon atom further decreases the spin densities of the peripheral carbon atoms. In the solution state, TOT is in the equilibrium between the monomer and highly symmetric π-dimer, as stabilized by the formation of the strong two-electron-multicenter bonding. Crystal structure analysis revealed that TOT derivatives show strong self-assembling ability forming one-dimensional columns, which further construct three-dimensional networks by multiple intercolumnar non-covalent interactions due to the absence of bulky substituent groups. Substituent groups at the apexes of the triangular carbon-framework of TOT afford variations of the π-stacking mode in the one-dimensional columns, influencing the magnetic properties and photo-absorptions around the near-infrared region. The electronic effect of the substituent groups also affects the redox potentials of TOT. The peculiarly high stability of TOT neutral radicals and their three-dimensional networks by robust intermolecular interactions achieved in our study are very beneficial for the molecular design of new polycyclic air-stable neutral radicals. Furthermore, we believe that the open-shell electronic structures of neutral π-radicals, which are quite different from those of close-shell molecular systems, will also produce milestones for the exploration of peculiar physical properties and catalytic activity for organic transformation originating from their unconventional electronic-spin nature.
Head models of healthy and depressed adults for simulating the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation
Authors: Boayue Nya Mehnwolo , Csifcsák Gábor , Puonti Oula , Thielscher Axel , Mittner Matthias
Published: June 2018

During the past decade, it became clear that the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are substantially influenced by variations in individual head and brain anatomy. In addition to structural variations in the healthy, several psychiatric disorders are characterized by anatomical alterations that are likely to further constrain the intracerebral effects of NIBS. Here, we present high-resolution realistic head models derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging data of 19 healthy adults and 19 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). By using a freely available software package for modelling the effects of different NIBS protocols, we show that our head models are well-suited for assessing inter-individual and between-group variability in the magnitude and focality of tDCS-induced electric fields for two protocols targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Results of Randomized Studies on Hyperthermia in Oncology
Authors: Курпешев О. , Kurpeshev O. , J. van der Zee J. van der Zee , J. van der Zee J. van der Zee
Published: June 2018

The review presents statistics of published randomized phase III trials on the addition of hyperthermia (HT) to other cancer therapies, and analyzes the results of these trials. In total, 47 comparisons could be made for treatments with or without HT. These trials were done in a large variety of solid tumors, and in centers in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. In general, these studies were relatively small – 17 studies included more than 100 patients. The total number of patients was 5099. In the majority of the studies, HT was applied with electromagnetic radiation. Most studies (74 %) have shown that additional HT significantly improves the results of radiation, chemo- and chemoradiotherapy in patients with, in general, locally advanced relapsed and metastatic forms of malignant tumors. Improved results were reported for complete and overall response, loco-regional tumor control, disease free and overall survival, and, in one study, for palliative effects. In these randomized trials also acute and/or late toxicity has been investigated. In the majority of the trials, addition of HT did not result in significant increases of toxic effects. The economic consequences of HT as part of cancer treatment are discussed. Twenty-six percent of the studies failed to show a significant beneficial effect of HT which are discussed in more detail. In 4 studies with a trend of a better outcome in the plus HT treatment arm, with an absolute difference of 10 % or more, the lack of significance is probably due to a low number of patients included. In other studies, there was an unbalanced distribution of tumor characteristics over the two study arms, with worse prognostic factors in the plus HT arm, inadequate techniques, using too high frequency of electromagnetic radiation, and/or a small applicator, and/or a short heating time, so that a sufficient energy deposition in the tumor volume could not be achieved. These results make clear that it is important to develop guidelines for the application of HT, in addition to the existing ones. In view of the different principles of operation of HT applicators, it is important that such guidelines will become available for each individual device. Further, it is important to conduct larger randomized trials. Larger studies would probably increase the number of significant and also more relevant outcomes, and promote a wider acceptance of HT as part of cancer treatment.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SELECTION OF PHENOTYPES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AT THE RESORT STAGE OF MEDICAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Дудченко Лейла , Dudchenko Leila , Савченко Валентин , Savchenko Valentin
Published: June 2018

The aim of the research is to develop a mathematical model of selection of phenotypes of bronchial asthma (BA) at a resort stage of medical rehabilitation. Materials and methods: 300 patients with BA who arrived at the climatic resort for medical rehabilitation; values of 64 indices of the research describing features of emergence and a course of a disease; the current clinic-functional state of patients; the discriminant analysis for the creation of a mathematical model. Results of the research: by the discriminant analysis there were created 7 statistically significant linear discriminant functions for the discernment of BA phenotypes; 23 indices of the research were under study: gender, asthma control, quantity of not allergic associated diseases, coughing during the day, character of the sputum, expressiveness of symptoms of asthma, use of rescue medication, the number of dry rattles in lungs, severity of hypostases, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, shortness of breath, wheezing, reaction to the change of weather, allergic reactions, existence of symptoms of intoxication and feature of treatment of the last exacerbation, a dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroids, presence of emphysema and fibrosis in lungs at the X-ray examination, expressiveness of electrographic changes, FEF25-75%, 6-minute walk test. Conclusion: the procedure of the selection of 7 BA phenotypes at the resort stage of medical rehabilitation can be carried out by the use of the mathematical model consisting of 7 linear discriminant functions including 23 indices; the accuracy of the selection of the offered BA phenotypes of the developed mathematical model in general is 89.0%.
LUNG DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE
Authors: Войцеховский Валерий , Voytsekhovskiy Valeriy , Коржова Наталья , Korzhova Natalya , Гоборов Николай , Goborov Nikolay , Григоренко Алексей , Grigorenko Aleksey , Пивник Александр , Pivnik Aleksey , Демура Ольга , Demura Ol'ga , Базилевич Андрей , Bazilevich Andrey , Глущенко Виктория , Gluschenko Viktoriya , Анисенков Владимир , Anisenkov Vladimir
Published: June 2018

Based on the literature data and our own observations, the features of the lung damage in patients with drug dependence have been studied. It was found out that the pulmonary manifestations of drug addiction are secondary, depend on the type of drug used and ways of drug administration. In most cases, pneumonia develops, characterized by an aggressive course, often complicated by the formation of destructive cavities, suppuration and empyema of the pleura, respiratory failure. Pneumonia is often a manifestation of sepsis (in most cases, injecting drug users) and is accompanied by other syndromes: bacterial endocarditis, renal, hepatic insufficiency, and other manifestations of multiple organ pathology. Interstitial pneumonia can develop with the development of pneumofibrosis, bullous pulmonary degeneration, granulomatous inflammation, pulmonary edema. In a number of cases (more often with inhalational drug use) toxic alveolitis may develop. The defeat of the lungs can be irreversible and lead to death. Three clinical observations from the personal practice of the authors are presented.
Bilirubin in the newborn: Physiology and pathophysiology
Authors: Moncrieff Gill
Published: June 2018

Jaundice in the newborn is usually normal. It is caused by the breakdown of red blood cells, which, as a result of newborn transitional physiology, results in the build-up of bilirubin in the infant's circulation. Bilirubin can be toxic, however, particularly in the brain, where its presence can result in death, or devastating long-term neurological damage. This article reviews factors that might result in the excessive production or build-up of bilirubin, as well as those that might predispose an infant to neurotoxicity.
Supporting the transition to parenthood: Development of a group health-promoting programme
Authors: Buultjens Melissa , Murphy Gregory , Milgrom Jeannette , Taket Ann , Poinen Darren
Published: June 2018

Background

Many Western countries have a strong record of obstetric safety; however, there are disparities in other indicators (such as morbidity) and best-practice outcomes, including breastfeeding rates and perinatal depression.

Aims

To pilot a multifaceted psycho-educational group programme for first-time parents.

Methods

This alternate-allocation study compared an intervention programme (n=10) and a comparison group (n=8) who received routine care with the addition of a weekly telephone call.

Findings

There were distinct differences between groups at follow-up, with the intervention group reporting lower depression scores and exclusive breastfeeding. Trends included positive adjustment to parenthood, perceived parenting competence and increased mother-infant attachment.

Conclusion

The intervention demonstrated benefits including learning opportunities, skills training and increased social capital.
Dear Secretary of State
Authors: Windsor Sophie
Published: June 2018

In an open letter to Jeremy Hunt, Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, Sophie Windsor argues why the NHS cost recovery scheme is dangerous for women accessing maternity care
The biological response to laser-aided direct metal-coated Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V)
Authors: Shin T. , Lim D. , Kim Y. S. , Kim S. C. , Jo W. L. , Lim Y. W.
Published: June 2018

Objectives

Laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) of coated surfaces can overcome the limitations of conventional coating technologies. We compared the in vitro biological response with a titanium plasma spray (TPS)-coated titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surface with that of a Ti6Al4V surface coated with titanium using direct metal fabrication (DMF) with 3D printing technologies.

Methods

The in vitro ability of human osteoblasts to adhere to TPS-coated Ti6Al4V was compared with DMF-coating. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the structure and morphology of the surfaces. Biological and morphological responses to human osteoblast cell lines were then examined by measuring cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, actin filaments, and RUNX2 gene expression.

Results

Morphological assessment of the cells after six hours of incubation using SEM showed that the TPS- and DMF-coated surfaces were largely covered with lamellipodia from the osteoblasts. Cell adhesion appeared similar in both groups. The differences in the rates of cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activities were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The DMF coating applied using metal 3D printing is similar to the TPS coating, which is the most common coating process used for bone ingrowth. The DMF method provided an acceptable surface structure and a viable biological surface. Moreover, this method is automatable and less complex than plasma spraying. Cite this article: T. Shin, D. Lim, Y. S. Kim, S. C. Kim, W. L. Jo, Y. W. Lim. The biological response to laser-aided direct metal-coated Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Bone Joint Res 2018;7:357–361. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0222.R1.
Cao Fei: Rethinking the global/local discourse
Authors: Merlin Monica
Published: June 2018

Cao Fei (b. 1978) was born and raised in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou by the Pearl River Delta (PRD), ‘the factory of the world’, as the artist defined it. Working with multimedia, primarily video, photography and machinima, her practice engages with popular culture, regional trends and globalized fashions. With an early official participation at the China Pavilion of the Venice Biennale in 2007, Cao Fei is one of the most renowned Chinese artists of the post-Cultural Revolution ‘new new human beings’ (xinxin renlei), and one of the few women artists from the People’s Republic of China who has been recognized and collected internationally by art establishments such as the Tate Collection in Britain, the Centre Pompidou in Paris and MoMA in New York. This article proposes to use Cao Fei’s work to explore the limitations of the global/local discourse and offer a more nuanced and complex understanding of this dichotomy in Chinese contemporary art.
‘Liao Garden’ and bodies of energy: Everyday madness and temporal magnetic fields in the work of Zheng Guogu
Authors: Mingjun Lu
Published: June 2018

The move from Age of Empires to ‘Liao Garden’ constitutes an important conceptual shift in Zheng Guogu’s artistic practice. If Age of Empires can be considered an expansion of thought, ‘Liao Garden’ creates a temporal magnetic field. Both works reveal Zheng’s penetrating insight and depth of understanding in relation to calligraphy, tea ceremonies, architecture, medicine and other everyday experience and forms of knowledge in China. This article examines how, in response to the changing conditions of globalization, Zheng’s continuous fantasy, and his experiments and actions, convey an extraordinary force and kinetic energy. In the context of a reality that does not lie in any specific geographical location, the artist seeks to explore a free world that eliminates the categories of the imperial, the colonial and the globalized.
Image or to image?
Authors: Corino Gianni
Published: June 2018

The proliferation of images towards an iconic communication in the hypermediacy of social media, of locative media, of Internet of Things (IoT) on one side and the visualization of real-time data, the deep learning algorithm on the other, question the essence of how reality is perceived, created and the nature and role of images itself. The common understanding of what constitutes an image is related to the representation of things and people. In the context of instant messaging, social media and Big Data, distributed and networked IoT, this seems not to be the case anymore. IoT extends the idea of social media to embrace ‘things’ into the equation, to form something that the author defines as the ‘Thingbook’. The Thingbook generates images of us from the perspective of things and data based on a heterogeneous system of technologies that sense, capture, analysis and learn about the world in real-time. Through this real-time dimension reality oscillates from a representational paradigm to a performative one and to certain extent towards a paradoxical condition. This article will collect evidence of how IoT hypermediacy is increasingly changing communication from linguistic to iconic, and how data visualization and Artificial Neural Networks are changing ways of learning from text to images at the level of the Google Cat Algorithm where Facebook and Thingbook converge. This will look into practices that make extensive use of the image in the immediacy of communication, into evidence of how information derived from sensors is recomposed into images, and, to a certain extent, how the discourse around image and IoT or Big Data questions our concept of image and reality.
Brass Art – Freud’s figure-ground in motion: Macabre, rare, banal, eerie and sentimental
Authors: Lewis Chara , Mojsiewicz Kristin , Pettican Anneke
Published: June 2018

Brass Art’s intervention into Freud’s house attempted to grant its solid objects, furniture and rooms a light, apparitional quality. Their performances at Maresfield Gardens were recorded with three Kinect sensors, the undifferentiated laser’s touch rendering all objects – alive, dead, static, breathing – with the same white, shining, pixellated brilliance. Objects and places that formed the props and settings for performances assume an intense luminosity, appearing to hover and tilt in a horizonless figure-ground. The interplay of focus, proximity and perception returns to consideration of the atemporal image. As artist Susan Hiller in her own observations of the Freud Museum states, ‘Close consideration of its beautiful, utilitarian, tedious, scholarly, macabre, rare, banal, eerie, and sentimental objects produces a picture in which figure-ground relationships seem to constantly shift’. This article introduces the new, multi-screen sonic work On the Thread of One Desire in development by Brass Art. It examines the way in which their recorded performances draw attention to the unconscious, the atemporal and the uncanny, and how the work foregrounds the loop, the arc and the full 360º revolution, with the intention of amplifying and revealing some of the unfolding narratives embedded in Freud’s London home.
A horizon is not flat: Photographic pattern compositions as expression for the atemporal
Authors: Heurling Julia
Published: June 2018

Avant-garde filmmaker and painter Hans Richter refers to visual rhythm as articulation of time, and film as articulation of time and movement: ‘Rhythm is the essence of filmmaking because it is conscious articulation of time. If anything is at the bottom of filmmaking it is the articulation of time, of movement. Film and pattern are both visual expressions based on multiple images. They relate to rhythm, continuity and time but somehow the approach is different. In my practice, I consider working with pattern as managing visual rhythm. I would like to use Richters’ statement to reflect on pattern as articulation of time. Could pattern be seen as articulation of time? How is the time aspect different depending if you work with film or pattern? This article will use the project ‘A horizon is not flat’ to propose how photographic pattern can be seen as representation of place but also representation of time. The patterns can be ‘read’ as experience of place but also as experience of time, not as information or measurement of time but in an abstract or a-temporal sense as visualization of the experience or perception of continuity. I will present the suggestion of how film and pattern relate differently to rhythm and articulation of time, illustrated in a visual model.
Atemporality, art, quantum phenomena and the jester
Authors: Thomas Paul
Published: June 2018

Contemporary physics, with its use of probability and uncertainty, has affected the way artists perceive and interpret the world. The impact of probability and uncertainty were initially challenged and explored by the Futurists and Dadaists at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article explores the analogous relationship between art and quantum phenomena such as the delayed choice quantum eraser (DCQE) and multiworlds. How artist when observing the world, translates it in to marks that measure the world and in that act, alter what they really see.
Análise do Compromisso da Confraria de Nossa Senhora da Concórdia da Caparica (século XVI)
Authors: Tavares Anita Pereira
Published: June 2018

As confrarias, surgidas em Portugal a partir do século XII, são associações de fiéis cujo objetivo é a caridade e o culto. A sua estrutura e modo de funcionamento são descritos nos compromissos que elaboram aquando da sua constituição. O compromisso que analisamos é o da confraria de Nossa Senhora da Concórdia da Caparica, e faz parte do acervo do Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, por doação de Martinho da Fonseca, que, ao longo da sua vida, juntou uma larga coleção de documentos.
Práticas alimentares no Real Colégio de São Paulo de Coimbra: o “Livro do pão” de 1707-08
Authors: Gomes João Pedro
Published: June 2018

O acervo documental sobrevivente do Real Colégio de São Paulo em Coimbra, hoje à guarda do Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, contém uma série de manuscritos intitulada “Livros de despesa do pão” onde se regista o consumo diário de pão. Um dos manuscritos apresenta um detalhado registo do gasto feito entre os meses de Novembro de 1707 e Outubro de 1708 e cuja análise permite conhecer com maior pormenor alguns dos hábitos alimentares dos colegiais, nomeadamente o grau de importância do pão no universo alimentar português moderno e suas várias utilizações em contexto culinário.
[Recensão a] Thomas, D., Fowler, S., & Johnson, V. (2017) - The Silence of the Archive.
Authors: Corujo Luís
Published: June 2018

https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-7974_31_1_7
La generación millennial se identifica con ‘la pera del olmo’
Authors: Márquez-Domínguez Carmelo , Ramos-Gil Yalitza-Therly , Moreno-Gudiño Bryan-Patricio
Published: June 2018

Desde una proyección hipotética, los lineamientos tradicionales parecerían estar desligados de la bipartita identidad socio-digital contemporánea. Sin embargo, el sujeto millennial fue descubierto en la resignificación de contenidos desde un proceso de revalorización de los media impresos en el ecosistema universitario. Un fenómeno de estudio que cumple con el rigor metódico científico y que emerge en la experiencia sistematizada para constituirse como la nueva gramática de reproducción de mensajes selectivos de la ciudadanía hiperconectada. Se trata de un proyecto que involucró a un centenar de personas interesadas en matizar la función educomunicacional y el estado de arte del periodismo en esta era del conocimiento. Si bien los escenarios de consumo han evolucionado, la particularidad de las audiencias todavía se concentra en una pretensión por los relatos y su consecuente apropiación. Para descubrirlo, fue preciso el abordaje de fondo desde una visión sistémica de las esferas analógica y digital. En esta investigación, la revista, bautizada por el lozano talento educativo como La Pera del Olmo, estimuló los capitales fragmentados de la compleja célula prosumidora, al tiempo que se institucionalizó como un foro transdisciplinario de la diversidad ideológica y multicultural. Sin duda, un espacio mediático de auténtico reconocimiento, identificación y reconquista.
Thyroid hormone resistance syndrom: difficulties in differential diagnosis
Authors: Ruyatkina Lyudmila A. , Molchanova Aguniya A. , Ruyatkina Alina S. , Rozhinskaya Lyudmila Y.
Published: June 2018

Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (RTH) is a rare disorder characterized by reduced peripheral tissue responses to thyroid hormones (TH) and elevated levels of circulating free thyroid hormones. Resistance to thyroid hormone is caused by mutations of the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene. In this article, we present case of 26-years-old women who presented with unclear signs and symptoms. Thyroid morphology and function were evaluated with standard ultrasound of the thyroid, scintigraphy and cytological specimen obtained by FNAB. The features of the basic assessment of thyroid status with an emphasis on the concept of “±feedback” of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TH. A differential diagnosis of TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and RTH was discussed. Heterozygous mutation p.P453T in the THRB gene was detected. Thus, the given clinical case demonstrates the necessity of the thorough examination of patients in identifying disorders of the principle of “±feedback”. The observation in dynamics is recommended.
The cognitive dissonance
Authors: Gerasimov Grigory A.
Published: June 2018

The first 1000 days of life (the period between conception and the second birthday) is a window of opportunity for brain development, a unique period when the foundations for optimal growth and development of the nervous system are laid throughout the entire life. Previously it was believed that the main factor that negatively affects the psychomotor development of a child is maternal hypothyroidism in the early stages of pregnancy. However, numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have shown that the development of the nervous system of the fetus is disrupted when a woman has isolated hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy. The cause of neuropsychiatric disorders in this case is the inadequate availability of maternal thyroxin for the developing brain. Universal salt iodization and fortification of flour with folic acid and iron is a reliable means of preventing micronutrient deficiency in the first 1000 days of life. It is important that this prevention begins before conception and lasts until the end of the neurogenesis period. However, in practice, effective mass methods of prevention are ignored in favor of certain “individual” approaches, the possibilities of which are severely limited.