bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semiotics Integration in Understanding Story on Al Qur’an (Applying Narrative Theory of A.J Greimas towards the Story of the People of the Garden on QS. Al Qalam 17-32)
Authors: HS Muhammad Alwi , Parninsih Iin
Published: March 2022

Aiming to discuss the reading of semiotics in revealing the understanding story on Al Qur’an, this paper applies the narrative theory by A.J. Greimas on the story of the people of the Garden on QS. Al Qalam 17-32. This paper discusses the story due to the lack of research discussing about it, not limited to semiotics study. In fact, the story contains moral values that need to be elaborated. Therefore, starting from the assumption that the Qur'an through the story of the people of the garden has a moral ideal mission for mankind– especially Muslims, including both understanding within themselves and departing from outside scholar, this paper aims to prove the importance of the presence of stories in Al Qur'an through the integration of science outside Islam, namely semiotics. This research intends to answer the question on how to understand the narrative and moral ideals in the story of the garden owner in QS. Al-Qalam: 17-32 based on the narrative theory of A.J. Greimas.
Thermal Simulation and Detection of Breast Tumor Using Passive Acoustic Thermometry
Authors: Amiri Hossein , Khani Ali , Hozhabr Seyed Hani , Moghimi Boldaji Yousef , Makki Abadi Bahador
Published: March 2022

Purpose: For over three decades, various researchers have aimed to construct a model of breast cancer. Most of them have used an infrared thermal model to stimulate breast cancer, but in this study, a novel estimation methodology is presented to detect the breast cancer tumor using the surface measurement obtained by Passive Acoustic Thermometer (PAT). PAT is a safe method for internal temperature estimation that works based on acoustic radiation of materials with a specific temperature.
Materials and Methods: This article uses a simulation framework for breast tissue simulation and tumor detection using the PAT methodologies in different scenarios. This framework supports the generation of acoustic radiation, tissue modelling, signal processing, parameter estimation, and temperature reconstruction processes. The proposed framework estimates the temperature in the frequency domain and uses the frequency spectrum of the acquired ultrasound signals captured by a single transducer. Using the proposed framework, PAT has been evaluated in breast cancer detection.
Results: According to the results, obtained from the temperature estimation in scenario 3, the sub-band estimation method, which is utilized in practical experiments in this field, shows different errors in each sub-band, making it difficult to select the true estimation. Therefore, a novel formulation is proposed that provides only one estimated temperature for breast tissue with a reasonable error (1.28 degrees) for tumor detection.
Conclusion: The results show that it is possible to use this framework to evaluate the PAT in different scenarios for tumor detection. In fact, this method enhances the possibility of examination of different conditions and algorithms. It also reduces the cost of practical experiments.
Monte Carlo Code Calculation for the Characterization of 10nm Nano-Layers Coated 50nm 90Y Radionuclide Nanospheres Radiation in the Liver Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Seyednejad Farshad , Ghiasi Hosein
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Cancer radionuclide therapy is an effective, beneficial, and crucial method of cancer treatment that uses unsealed radioactivated radionuclides sources that are attached to a targeting vector to deliver therapeutic radiation doses from the ionizing radiation source to specific disease sites either for curative intent or for disease control and palliation for the patient pain decreasing. For this aim, Monte Carlo N–Particle 5 (MCNP5) MC computational code was employed for simulations and calculations as well as radiation transport.
Materials and Methods: 50nm 90Y radionuclide nanosphere was modelled coated by a 10nm coating layer with some non-toxic high and low Z materials. Physical interactions, such as β-ray and the simulated coating materials were studied and radiological parameters were scored by the used MC code. Attenuation of β-ray, and production of the bremsstrahlung X-ray photons and other phenomena were simulated by the code and analyzed. MC code estimated the effect of the simulated coating materials, such as Gold, Platinum, Gaddolonium, Silver, and Epoxy-Resin on the radiation characteristics around the modelled nano-radionuclide per 2nm from the radiation source surface to 1µm distance. Produced bremsstrahlung X-ray by the source coating material and tissue atoms, emitted β-particle number, flux over the surfaces (per 2nm), radiation fluence of photon and β- ray, deposited energy per gr of the cell medium, and average dose to the cells around the 500nm and 1µm distance from the radionuclide source surface also was derived.
Results: Our results showed that coating the radionuclide with the materials especially high Z (Gold and Platinum) materials may produce a dual emitter radiation source, X-ray photon and β- ray and is capable of killing the cancer cells more than the source with not-coated source.
Conclusion: Our conclusion was that coating the β- ray emitter radionuclides, especially high-energy β- ray, enhances its therapeutical capability with X-ray and β- ray emission. The studied coated sources in our study were performed as a dual radiation source; produced X-ray and β-ray, which increases the therapeutic efficiency of the source.
Detecting ADHD Based on Brain Functional Connectivity Using Resting-State MEG Signals
Authors: Hamedi Nastaran , Khadem Ali , Delrobaei Mehdi , Babajani-Feremi Abbas
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is now recognized as the most common childhood behavioral disorder. This disorder causes school problems and social incompatibility. Thus an accurate diagnosis can help diminish such problems. In this paper, we propose a brain connectomics approach based on eyes-open resting state Magnetoencephalography (rs-MEG) to diagnose subjects with ADHD from Healthy Controls (HC).
Materials and Methods: We used the eyes-open rs-MEG signals recorded from 25 subjects with ADHD and 25 HC. We calculated Coherence (COH) between the MEG sensors in the conventional frequency bands (i.e., delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma), selected the most discriminative COH measures by the Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA), and fed them to three classifiers, including Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Decision Tree to classify ADHD and HC.
Results: We achieved the best average accuracy of 91.1% for a single-band classifier based on the COH in the delta-band as an input feature of the SVM. However, when we integrated the COH values of all frequency bands as input features, the average accuracy was slightly improved to 92.7% using the SVM classifier.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the capability of a functional connectomics approach based on rs-MEG for the diagnosis of ADHD. It is noteworthy that, to the best of our knowledge, COH has not yet been used to diagnose ADHD using rs-MEG data. Furthermore, there is no study on diagnosing ADHD using eyes-open rs-MEG. Thus, a novelty of our proposed method is to use COH and eyes-open rs-MEG data to diagnose ADHD. Moreover, our proposed method showed promising results compared with previous rs-MEG studies for the diagnosis of ADHD.
Entrance Surface Dose Measurement at Thyroid and Parotid Gland Regions in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Panoramic Radiography
Authors: Omidi Reza , Zamani Hamed , Parach Ali Asghar , Hazbavi Maryam , Dalvand Saman , Ezoddini-Ardakani Fatemeh , Shafaei Mohammad Ali , Zare Mohammad Hosein
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Ionizing radiation-absorbed doses is a crucial concern in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiography. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the Entrance Skin Doses (ESD) of thyroid and parotid gland regions in CBCT and panoramic radiography in Yazd province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 332 patients were included, who were then divided into two age groups (adult and pediatric) and underwent dental CBCT and panoramic radiography. Twelve Thermoluminescence Dosimeters (TLD- GR200) were used for each patient to measure the ESD of thyroid and parotid glands. The differences between the ESD values in CBCT and panoramic examinations as well as between the adults and children groups were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Man-Whitney tests.
Results: The mean and Standard Deviation (SD) values of ESD in panoramic imaging were equal to 61 ± 4 and 290 ± 12 µGy for the thyroid and parotid glands of the adult groups, respectively. Notably, these values for CBCT were significantly higher (P<0.01), as 377 ± 139 and 1554 ± 177 µGy, respectively. Moreover, the mean ESD values in the panoramic examination were 41 ± 3 and 190 ± 16 µGy for thyroid and parotid glands for the children group, while they were 350 ± 120 and 990 ± 107 µGy in CBCT (P<0.01), respectively. The ESD values in the parotid gland were approximately 3.4 (2.8-4.1) and 4.7 (4.6-4.8) times greater than those for CBCT and panoramic examinations, respectively.
Conclusion: Although CBCT provides supplementary diagnostic advantages, the thyroid and parotid glands’ doses are higher than panoramic radiography. Therefore, the risks and benefits of each method should be considered before their prescription.
Investigating the Effect of Stimulus Type on Electroencephalogram Signal in a Brain-Computer Interface System with Interaction Error
Authors: Sepehri Shakib Sara , Ghasemi Farnaz
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems are a new channel of communication between human thoughts and machines without the aid of neuromuscular systems. Although BCI systems exhibit several advantages, they yet have a long road ahead to reach a flawless state. For example, error occurrence is one of the problems in these systems, leading to Error-Related Potentials (ErRP) in the brain signal. In this study, Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in the condition of system error occurrence are investigated. Since local information on the EEG signal channels alone cannot reveal the secrets of the brain, functional connectivity was used as a feature in this research.
Materials and Methods: In this research, 32 channel EEG signals with a sampling frequency of 256 Hz were recorded from 18 participants while interacting with a BCI system which has an interaction error. Two types of stimulus were used, including visual and tactile ones. Moreover, the Inter-Stimulus-Interval (ISI) was changed during the task. After pre-processing, brain functional connectivity was calculated between all channel pairs in four groups (visual, tactile, combined visual-tactile (ISI=3.5), and combined visual-tactile (ISI=2)) using Magnitude-Squared Coherence (MSC) measure.
Results: The results showed a significant difference in frontal-right temporal connectivity between correct and error classes in tactile stimulation, in visual stimulation significant differences in frontal-occipital connectivity, in visual-tactile (ISI=3.5) stimulation significant differences in left temporal-occipital connectivity (P-value< 0.001), and in visual-tactile (ISI=2) stimulation significant differences in central-occipital connectivity were seen (P-value< 0.01).
Conclusion: This study shows that using brain functional connectivity features along with local features can improve the performance of BCI systems.
The Possible Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticles against Sars-Cov 2
Authors: Derouiche Samir , Chetehouna Sara , Djouadi Anfal , Boulaares Islam , Guemari Iman-Yosra
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has killed a large number of people, threatening public health around the world. Many drugs and materials that have an antiviral therapeutic effect are still being tested, including silver nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: It has been proven that Synthesis of silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) (Ag NPs) possess strong antifungal, antibacterial, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory potential. Green synthesized of Ag NPs are a promising source of new antiviral agents considering the multiplicity of its mechanism and the multiple target areas in the virus. The Ag NPs or Ag+ ions, which are released from the Ag NPs, interact directly with some biological molecules of the viruses that contain phosphorous or sulfur, such as some proteins, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA).
Results: This reaction generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), causing damage to the membranes in the virus. Metal nano-therapies such as Ag NPs are granted research consideration for COVID-19 treatment.
Conclusion: The biocompatibility achieved through green synthesis suggests its possible use not only in these specific coronavirus conditions but also in other types of virus infections without any risk of toxicity of these molecules.
A Comparative Study of Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities; Brachytherapy versus Radiotherapy
Authors: Najafi Arvin , Saberi Sadegh , Kazemian Ali , Jalalpour Pooyan , Azarsina Salman
Published: March 2022

Background: Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a wide group of solid tumors with specific features originating from mesenchymal tissue. Radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy have been widely applied in the treatment of these tumors to enhance surgical outcomes. This study was performed aiming to compare the results of postoperative brachytherapy (BRT) versus RT in patients who underwent surgical resection of extremity STSs.
Methods: In a prospective study from 2011 to 2015, 166 patients with extremity STS who underwent surgical resection were included. All visible tumors, scars, and drain sites, if present during the surgery, were resected. A number of 79 patients received adjuvant RT, and 87 patients underwent BRT after surgical resection.
Results: In patients who were treated through RT, the two-year local control was 90% in comparison with 87% for those treated through BRT (P > 0.050). The total radiation dose was 3869 ± 370 and 3048 ± 465 in the patients who underwent RT and in the BRT group (P < 0.001), respectively. The number of radiation sessions in the RT group and BRT group was respectively 27.3 ± 4.5 and 5.8 ± 2.0 (P = 0.001).
Conclusion: Not only BRT can lead to similar local control and survival in comparison with the conventional adjuvant RT, but it can also decrease the total dose and number of radiation sessions in patients with STS of the extremity, which is a high grade, in individuals who underwent surgical resection.
Compartment Syndrome in Tibial Plateau Fractures: Educational Corner
Authors: Karim Amirhossein , Baghbani Salar , Fallah Yousef , Pendar Ehsan , Shafiei Seyyed Hossein , Golbakhsh Mohammadreza
Published: March 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Erzincan İli Merkez İlçesi Sığırcılık İşletmelerinin Yapısal Özellikleri: İşletmelere ait Genel Bilgiler ve Sağım Yönetimi
Authors: ÖZSAĞLICAK Serdar , YANAR Mete
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırma, Erzincan ili merkez ilçesinde bulunan sığırcılık işletmelerinin mevcut durumları ile sağım yönetimine ait uygulamalar, karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerilerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma 2019 yılında yapılmış ve istatistiksel analizler için SPSS bilgisayar programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırma materyalini, merkez ilçede bulunan 2003 işletmeden basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle rastgele seçilen 401 adet işletme sahibiyle yapılan yüz yüze anket çalışmasının verileri oluşturmuştur. Yapılan değerlendirmede, sığırcılık işletmelerinin genellikle küçük ölçekli olduğu ve yarıdan fazlasının (%50.8’inde) 1-15 baş arası sığıra sahip bulundukları belirlenmiştir. Bu işletmelerinin %47.4’ünde sağımın elle yapıldığı, %47.1’inde seyyar sağım makinesi kullanıldığı ve %5.5’inde ise sağım ünitesinde sağımların gerçekleştirildiği saptanmıştır. Yetiştiricilerin %94.1’i sağım öncesi ve sonrası meme temizliği ve dezenfeksiyonu yaptıkları saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırma kapsamında işletmelerin ancak %47.7’sinde düzenli olarak mastitis kontrolü yapıldığı da tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, hijyenik süt üretimi için köylerde ortak kullanımına açık soğutma tanklarının yaygınlaştırılması, makineli sağım oranının yükseltilmesi, sağmal ineklerin daha sık olarak mastitis açısından kontrollerinin yapılması ve Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığının süt desteklerinden faydalanmaları için yetiştiricilerin bilinçlendirilmesi ve teşvik edilmesi sonucuna varılmıştır.
The Controversial Issues Experienced by the English Language Teachers in Primary Schools Worldwide Echoing into the Romanian Language Education Context
Authors: Lungu Iuliana
Published: March 2022

The present article aims to outline the framework for this debated topical issue, focusing its scientific efforts on the critical and relevant aspects of the teaching problems faced by the English language teachers worldwide echoing locally, in the Romanian primary schools. The choice of the field of analysis was not at all accidental, coming mainly from a growing to find answers to a series of personal dilemmas, such as educational field, mainly teaching foreign languages in primary education, especially in the current conditions, when the universe of language teaching is constantly changing. The changes are caused by factors such as the complex policies in the field of education (it is often assumed that it is better to start learning foreign languages early), the political and labor market changes, where it is essential to have a competitive English-speaking workforce. Finally, individual reasons resulting from parents’ desire their children to develop English language skills from an early age. Hence, there are several serious challenges that need to be considered when it comes to teaching English to young primary school students. The present research is an investigative approach that is based on a larger study exploring the practices of teaching English to young school children worldwide, a study conducted by the British Council in 2013 and published a year later, and it also refers to the policy and practice of teaching English in primary schools in Romania. The purpose of this article is to identify the key challenges faced by English teachers in primary school both globally, in several countries involved in the study, and locally, respectively in Romania.
Contemporary Love - Between Reality and Illusion
Authors: Apostu Iulian
Published: March 2022

The experience of falling in love is one of the most beautiful moments of life, and surely each of us has lived it at least once in our life. The joy of the moment, the natural awkwardness of that period, the oversized enthusiasm, the dreams, the specific ideals, etc. they are unmistakable. Researchers in the field of social and humanistic sciences recognize that of all forms of interpersonal relationships, love raises the biggest problems in the way of investigative intentions, precisely because of its subjective nature, the intimacy it implies and hence, the technical difficulties of sociological or psychological measurement. There is, however, a difference between falling in love and love, and the confusion of the two dimensions can make the difference between love, as a real feeling, and its illusion. In the early stages of falling in love, before many confirmations and validations, each partner tends to charge the other with the projection of their own ideals. The initial state of bliss sometimes creates the dose of optimism that allows the individual to design their relationship according to their own desires and dreams, but only the concrete experience of the functionality of the two can highlight the degree of happiness or its illusion. The study aims to analyze the concept of love and infatuation in this double projection of the illusion of love.
Sport w dyskursie. Dyskurs sportu
Authors: Woźniak Wojciech
Published: March 2022

Wprowadzenie do tomu „Sport w dyskursie. Dyskurs sportu” składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza poświęcona jest krótkiemu omówieniu współczesnej pozycji socjologii sportu w Polsce i za granicą, eksponuje żywotność i wielowymiarowość problematyki dotyczącej sportu w debacie naukowej toczonej w naukach społecznych. Druga koncentruje się na omówieniu tematycznego zakresu tomu, który odzwierciedla wielowątkowość naukowej refleksji dotyczącej sportu we współczesnym dyskursie.
Protesty kibiców piłkarskich w Polsce w XXI wieku. Analiza ruchu społecznego
Authors: Chwedoruk Rafał
Published: March 2022

Tekst podejmuje problematykę protestów społecznych kibiców piłkarskich w Polsce w XXI wieku, koncentrując się na zagadnieniu, czy te działania można uznać za działania ruchu społecznego. Protesty, skierowane przeciw właścicielom klubów sportowych, komercjalizacji sportu i potem przeciw polityce państwa, miały szeroki zasięg, a ich cele obejmowały problemy wolności obywatelskich. Organizacja protestów osiągnęła wysoki poziom, jej istnienie poprzedzało początek protestu, miała też charakter sieciowy, komponowała czynnik formalny i nieformalny. Panika moralna w mediach wokół problemu przemocy stadionowej zdeterminowała tożsamość ruchu. Tworzyły ją imperatyw solidarności wewnętrznej, retoryka ofiary i samogloryfikacja ruchu. Protesty kibiców podległy procesom upolitycznienia, zwłaszcza gdy zbiegały się w czasie z kampaniami wyborczymi. Działania ruchu podczas protestów były niekonwencjonalne. Istotną rolę odegrały w nich happeningi, a także logika osobistego świadectwa. Ruchy kibicowskie musiały także przeciwstawić się próbom kreowania kontrruchów. Najważniejsze protesty kibiców zakończyły się ich sukcesami.
„Ciało to mój największy nauczyciel”. Interakcje z własnym ciałem w pracy tancerza
Authors: Byczkowska Dominika
Published: March 2022

W tekście przedstawione są wyniki badań nad społecznym konstruowaniem cielesności, przeprowadzone przy wykorzystaniu metodologii teorii ugruntowanej i jakościowych technik badawczych. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie specyficznej interakcji, jaka zachodzi pomiędzy tancerzem i jego ciałem. Powstaniu tej relacji, zwykle w późniejszych etapach kariery tanecznej, sprzyja niewielka liczba formalnych reguł i norm istniejących w danym środowisku tanecznym. Występuje ona zatem w większym stopniu wśród tancerzy artystycznych niż sportowych. Relacja tancerza z jego ciałem tworzona jest w procesie negocjowania i poznawania reakcji ciała na działania podejmowane przez tancerza. Ciało jest przez tancerza traktowane jako aktor, który podejmuje własne decyzje i czasami nie pozwala tancerzowi realizować jego zamiarów, na przykład związanych z normami panującymi w określonych grupach społecznych. Dla porównania w jak różnorodne interakcje z własnym ciałem mogą wchodzić jednostki podjęta zostaje także tematyka relacji z ciałem w procesie autoterapeutycznym. Przedstawienie obu tych zagadnień pokazuje także dwa odmienne sposoby komunikowania się z własną cielesnością.
Doświadczanie własnej cielesności przez biorców kończyny – socjologiczne studium zrekonstruowanego ciała
Authors: Kowal Katarzyna
Published: March 2022

Artykuł jest poświęcony problematyce doświadczania własnej cielesności przez biorców kończyny górnej w okresie przed i po transplantacji. Grupę badawczą stanowili biorcy przeszczepu kończyny górnej, których wybór miał charakter celowy i określało go kryterium czasu, jaki upłynął od zabiegu transplantacji. Badanymi byli trzej mężczyźni w wieku 30–38 lat, którzy utracili kończynę w wyniku urazu mechanicznego i po zakwalifikowaniu jako potencjalni biorcy przeszli zakończony powodzeniem zabieg transplantacji ręki. Zebranie materiału badawczego stało się możliwe dzięki przeprowadzeniu z biorcami ręki indywidualnych wywiadów pogłębionych. W zebranym materiale badawczym daje się wyodrębnić trzy ważne części, które odnoszą się do kolejnych etapów biografii badanych: 1) doświadczanie ciała zintegrowanego; 2) doświadczanie ciała sfragmentaryzowanego; 3) doświadczanie ciała zrekonstruowanego. Mimo silnej koncentracji na subiektywnym doświadczaniu ciała przez biorców kończyny, na każdym z tych etapów do głosu dochodzą również obiektywne wyznaczniki uznania ciał biorców za nieadekwatne, które pozostają istotnym tłem analiz. Pracę wieńczą wnioski praktyczne, które zaświadczają o użyteczności przeprowadzonych badań dla rozwijającego się w Polsce programu transplantacji kończyn.
Dental discriminant sexing of human cremated remains
Authors: Kaczmarek Maria , Piontek Janusz , Malinowski Andrzej
Published: March 2022

In this paper set of discriminant functions, based on mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of teeth crowns is presented. It is possible to use them in assessing sex of immature individuals from cremated graves.
In silico Prediction of Molecular Docking between Chicken BRD2 and Newcastle Disease Virus Matrix Protein to Elucidate Host-pathogen Interaction
Authors: Singh Paramvir , Mukhopadhyay C.S. , Dash Shakti Kant
Published: March 2022

Background: Newcastle disease is one of the most contagious viral diseases caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which causes a huge loss in the terms of economy as well as mortality level in the poultry sector. The viral matrix protein is one of the proteins which helps in the attachment of virus, budding and assembly of progeny virions in the host cell. Host-pathogen interaction plays a very important role in the changeover of genetic diversity in organisms. Methods: The amino acid sequences of chicken BRD2 gene and matrix protein of NDV were used for structure prediction and visualization of protein-protein interaction between BRD2 and matrix protein by using Discovery Studio software. The nucleotide sequences of both genes were used for evolutionary analysis using MEGA7 software followed by selection pressure analysis using online Datamonkey server. Result: The results indicated that the ligand was attached with the matrix protein, which acts as a receptor on the virus surface. The purifying selection has been evident for the viral matrix protein gene. The docking of viral protein with host BRD2 protein has been detected in the study which further warrants experimental validation. In conclusion, the viral matrix protein interacts at amino acid position Tyrosine-148, Valine-339, Alanine-341 with ligand present on the chicken BRD2 protein. The evolutionary analysis revealed that the matrix protein of NDV R2B strain was the closest to that of Peacock, pigeon, duck and quail however, it exhibited maximum distance with the chicken NDV from Ireland, Vietnam and Haryana state of India.
Documentation of Parents and Hybrids Tolerant to Terminal Heat Stress in Brassica juncea L.
Authors: Tirkey Aditi Eliza , Srivastava Kartikeya
Published: March 2022

Background: Fluctuations in temperature during the growth period can damage the inter-molecular interactions needed for proper growth, thus impairing plant development and fruit set, which leads to significant yield loss with greater risks for future global food availability, food accessibility, food utilization and food systems stability. Keeping these in mind present investigation was done to identify of parents and hybrids for terminal heat tolerance. Methods: Nine lines and three testers were crossed in line × tester fashion to develop hybrids. F1s were evaluated under timely and late sown conditions to study the effect of terminal heat stress by calculating, heat susceptibility index (HSI), heat tolerance efficiency (HTE) and stress tolerance index (STI) on yield and yield traits and to characterize parents and crosses on the basis of their relative tolerance against heat stress at the Agriculture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. Result: Observations were made for different yield and yield related traits. Genotypes such as BPR 541-4 was found to be tolerant to heat stress at terminal stage and crosses such as Vardan × PM 30, Kranti × RH 406 and Kranti × Urvashi were found to be tolerant to heat stress for seed yield per plant at terminal stage during 2017-18 and 2018-19. Genotypes and crosses that were found to have minimum reduction in seed yield manifested tolerance to heat stress in terminal stage (had lowest HSI, Highest HTE and Highest STI).
Biochemical Basis of Resistance in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) against Wilt Complex
Authors: Parmar H.V. , Gohel N.M.
Published: March 2022

Background: The chickpea wilt complex caused by several soil-borne pathogens, is the most destructive disease of chickpea that causes severe losses in yield worldwide. The development of a resistant variety is the most appropriate approach for managing the disease. Methods: The present investigation was aimed to find out the resistant sources against the wilt complex of chickpea under pot conditions and studies on biochemical characters responsible for disease resistance during rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat. Result: Among the thirty-seven varieties/germplasm of chickpea, the final disease reaction of two years revealed that two varieties/germplasm viz., GJG-6 and GAG-0624 showed a resistant reaction and three varieties/germplasm (GJG-3, Dayadara and Khedbrahma) showed a moderately resistant reaction. The biochemical analysis of the resistant and susceptible varieties/germplasm revealed that healthy roots of resistant and susceptible germplasm showed higher moisture content (85.90-88.42%), while it was lower (74.71-80.22%) in diseased roots. Concerning protein content, the least (32.14%) decrease in protein content was recorded in resistant germplasm, whereas, the highest decrease of 41.79 per cent was recorded in susceptible germplasm. W.r.t. to phenol content, diseased roots of resistant and susceptible germplasm contained higher phenol content compared to healthy roots. Similarly, the minimum per cent decrease in total soluble sugars content (32.14%) was observed in resistant germplasm, while it was highest (41.82%) in susceptible germplasm.
Achieving Inclusive Oil Palm Commercialisation in Ghana
Authors: Dzanku Fred M. , Hodey Louis S.
Published: March 2022

Oil palm is the most important export crop in Ghana, aside from cocoa. Compared with cocoa, however, oil palm has a more extensive local value chain, including greater opportunity for local industrial and artisanal processing into palm oil and other products, which creates a high potential for employment generation and poverty reduction; as a result oil palm is classified as a priority crop. The selection of oil palm as a priority crop aims to promote agricultural commercialisation through domestic agroindustry development and exports. In spite of this, the oil palm economy has still not achieved its potential, and this begs the question, why? Although it is known in general that commercialisation potential and its benefits are not equally distributed across groups, it is not clear how and why different subgroups (women, men, youth) might benefit differently from the oil palm economy. This brief addresses why different groups of smallholders (women, men, youth) benefit unequally from oil palm value chains, and how returns to oil palm production and marketing could become more inclusive.
Beyond Rights-Based Social Protection for Forcibly Displaced People
Authors: Zaman Tahir , Collyer Michael , Sabates-Wheeler Rachel , Szyp Carolina
Published: March 2022

Having a right that is not respected is not the same as having no right at all. At least this should not be the case. Failure to receive something to which you are entitled should lead to formal redress or failing that, protest. The rights-based discourse has a wider importance. If and when it is or should be used is significant. In terms of access to social protection (including social and humanitarian assistance), the rights-based discourse means there is no difference between refugees and others who fail to receive the protection to which they are entitled, such as Internally Displaced People (IDPs). This introduces two key tensions, both of which we explore in this paper. The first concerns the identification of the institution responsible for fulfilling the right, as determined in state-led/formal humanitarian system of social protection. The second concerns the alternatives displaced people may identify when Northern mandated forms of social protection fail, or when the conditions for the enjoyment of that protection are too onerous. These alternatives constitute a second system of social protection. We conclude that although they are unequal, both systems are currently necessary, even as a language of rights is only appropriate in relation to the first tension. Ultimately greater coordination and collaboration between the two systems is necessary.
Should Governments Tax Digital Financial Services? A Research Agenda to Understand Sector-Specific Taxes on DFS
Authors: Munoz Laura , Mascagni Giulia , Prichard Wilson , Santoro Fabrizio
Published: March 2022

Digital financial services (DFS) have rapidly expanded across Africa and other low-income countries. At the same time, low-income countries face strong pressures to increase domestic resource mobilisation, and major challenges in taxing the digital economy. A growing number are therefore advancing or considering new taxes on DFS. These have generated much debate and there are significant disagreements over the rationale for the taxes and their likely impacts. This paper examines three key questions that could help governments and other stakeholders to better understand the rationale for, and impacts of, different decisions around taxing DFS – and to arrive at policies that best meet competing needs. First, what is the rationale for imposing specific taxes on money transfers or mobile money in particular? Second, and most importantly, what is the likely impact of DFS taxes? Third, how do the policy processes through which taxes on DFS and money transfers are introduced function in practice? The paper looks at the core principles of good taxation and presents the existing debate around whether taxes on DFS observe them. It explains why understanding the landscape of financial services is essential to designing suitable tax policies and lays out a framework for developing the necessary analysis of the impacts of taxes on DFS. It also highlights the importance of better understanding the processes that give rise to these taxes.
Bringing WASH into the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in Humanitarian Settings
Authors: Srivastava Shilpi , Allouche Jeremy , Price Roz , Nelis Tina
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus in a humanitarian context, with a specific focus on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It highlights the complex and non-linear interactions that WASH has with other areas of the WEF nexus. In doing so, it blends the social dimensions (access, safety, consumption, and use) with the WEF resource dimensions (availability and resource sustainability), including a further emphasis on sanitation as a key, but often ignored, element of the WEF nexus. Drawing on the case of the Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh, we examine how household-level access to WASH shapes and is shaped by use, access, and availability of energy and food, and finally their effects on host–refugee interactions. We find that there are implicit and explicit links between WASH and WEF. Moreover, any small intervention in any of the WEF areas has positive knock-on effects on the other resources, especially in enhancing resource access and use. We conclude that bottom-up perspectives on these interlinkages with active participation from both host and refugee households are required to understand the implicit and explicit connections across WASH and the WEF nexus in humanitarian contexts. We also argue that sanitation is a key element of the WEF nexus and should not be ignored within the predominant resource-centric framing of the WEF.
Impact of COVID-19 on Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trafficking Trends in Southern Africa
Authors: Lucas Brian
Published: March 2022

This rapid review focuses on the impact COVID-19 pandemic om poaching and illegal wildlife trafficking. It provides an overview of the recent research and summarises the key themes. This review found that poaching for the purpose of international trafficking of illegal wildlife products, generally decreased. These declines are largely attributed to the disruption of transportation routes used by wildlife traffickers to move illicit goods within Southern Africa and overseas by air, and in some locations to the effects of local lockdown measures. Poaching for subsistence consumption (bushmeat) generally increased across Southern Africa and worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, incentivised largely by economic hardship and opportunities presented by a reduction in the capacity for anti-poaching enforcement and reduced numbers of tourists, whose presence tends to deter poachers. In the long term, poaching and trafficking are likely to return to pre-pandemic levels. Commercial poachers and traffickers are likely to adjust their transportation routes and adapt their business models to take advantage of opportunities. More positively, some authors have suggested the possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic could influence public attitudes against wildlife trafficking and in support of conservation. Trends in poaching and illegal wildlife trafficking during the COVID-19 pandemic vary significantly across and within countries. The impacts resulting from the measures put in place to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have varied significantly depending on local contexts. Up-to-date data on recent trends during the pandemic are scarce. Good quality data are available on poaching and trafficking of high-value commodities such as elephant ivory and rhino horn, while data on poaching for subsistence are less rigorous and often anecdotal. Much of the evidence available for both types of poaching is not systematic and comes from news media reports, and suffers from inherent difficulties of collecting data on illegal activities. Data collection during the pandemic has also been hampered by the challenges of working safely during the pandemic, funding for monitoring and research has been reduced in most areas, and some reporting processes have not yet analysed data collected during 2021.
Tres rasgos estilísticos de la Hernandia (1755): hacia una identidad americana
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Posgrado en Letras Mexicanas, González Alva Rafael
Published: March 2022

The objective of this article is to analyze the Gongorism, the polyglotism and the imitatio auctoris of New Spain poets in Hernandia, an 18th century epic poem for which authorship is attributable to the Novohispanic Francisco Ruiz de León as well as to the Spaniard Juan de Buedo y Girón. The study of these three stylistic elements, barely reviewed or unnoticed in previous works, suggests a direct connection to an American context, especially regarding the knowledge of Nahuatl and 17th century Novohispanic poetry, which supports Novohispanic authorship rather than a Spanish one.
Estratégias de coping em situações de ansiedade por graduandos de enfermagem
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL). Enfermeira, Especialista em saúde Mental, Machado Fernanda Pâmela , Flávio Gabriel Guembarski ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Enfermeiro. Brasil., Vilar Leiliane De Jesus De Martini Lopes ,   Secretária de Saúde da prefeitura de Ibiporã. Enfermeira, Especialista em saúde Mental, Gomes Joseli Aparecida Caldi ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Enfermeira, Especialista em Saúde Coletiva, Soares Marcos Hirata ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Enfermeiro. Doutor em enfermagem psiquiátrica
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência das estratégias de coping utilizadas em situações de ansiedade por discentes do curso de enfermagem nos quatros anos de graduação. Métodos: transversal, correlacional, realizado no Paraná- Brasil com 135 estudantes universitários. Foi aplicado o questionário de auto avaliação para Ansiedade (IDATE) e o Inventario de Estratégias de Coping. As Análises foram feitas pelo programa SPSS, versão 25, pelos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra e correlação de Spearman, em nível α<0,05. Resultados: IDATE Traço: O Domínio 1 refere-se ao “confronto” e apresenta-se como uma estratégia bem utilizada ao longo das séries (r: 0,27). O domínio D5, “Fuga- Esquiva”, foi utilizado como meio de enfrentamento a determinadas situações (r:0,29). Ansiedade Traço-Estado: Houveram 66% dos graduandos de enfermagem com ansiedade e sintomas compatíveis com os transtornos de ansiedade no domínio denominado Traço (n=10) e 31,8% (n=43) dos alunos da 1ª série apresentaram sintomas compatíveis com a ansiedade, seguido de 26,6% (n=36) de alunos da 4ª série. Conclusão: as estratégias de coping foram utilizadas com menor frequência, denotando que quanto mais avança no decorrer das séries, menos os alunos as utilizam. Porém, o nível de ansiedade manteve-se alto. Esses achados, contribuiu para que sejam criados projetos, grupos de meditação, terapias e afins, com o intuito de ajudar os alunos a minimizarem o estresse enquanto estudante e praticarem a utilização do coping no cotidiano, além de proporcionar melhoria do ensino e melhor domínio do professor em relação ao aluno em situações de ansiedade.
Der Westabhang des Mont Lassois (Vix / F) | Befestigung, Unterstadt und Kultplatz der Eisenzeit
Authors: Ballmer Ariane , Schäppi Katharina , Della Casa Philippe
Published: March 2022

Beilage 1
Der Westabhang des Mont Lassois (Vix / F) | Befestigung, Unterstadt und Kultplatz der Eisenzeit
Authors: Ballmer Ariane , Schäppi Katharina , Della Casa Philippe
Published: March 2022

Beilage 2b
Invasive Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma of The Male Breast: A Rare Diagnosis with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
Authors: Costa Marta , Costeira Beatriz , Fonseca Ricardo , Marques José Carlos
Published: March 2022

Male breast cancer is a rare disease, representing approximately 1% of all breast cancers, but its incidence appears to be increasing over the years. As normal male breast does not develop acini and lobules, lobular carcinoma is very rare, accounting for 1% - 2% of all cases of male breast cancer. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma is an aggressive variant of invasive lobular carcinoma with only six cases of male breast reported in the literature until now, and none with associated Paget’s disease. We report a case of an invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma with axillary lymph node involvement and associated Paget’s disease in a high-risk man. Low awareness among men and a lack of a screening program often lead to a late diagnosis of male breast cancer, and consequently, at a later stages of disease, with lower survival rates compared to women. Early diagnosis is essential in order to improve patient outcomes and achieve better survival rates in men.
RETENCIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES AROMÁTICOS LÍQUIDOS MEDIANTE HIDROTALCITAS, ÓXIDOS MIXTOS DERIVADOS E HIDROTALCITAS RECONSTRUIDAS
Authors:   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasCiudad Universitaria72570 Puebla PUE, Velázquez-Herrera Franchescoli D. , Sampieri Alvaro ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaFacultad de Ingeniería QuímicaCiudad Universitaria72570 Puebla PUE, Paredes-Carrera Patricia ,   Instituto Politécnico NacionalEscuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas. Zacatenco, 07738 Ciudad de México, DF, México., Fetter Geolar ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasCiudad Universitaria72570 Puebla PUE
Published: March 2022

Las arcillas aniónicas o hidrotalcitas son materiales multifuncionales que permiten optimizar procesos como la adsorción de contaminantes, entre los cuales los compuestos orgánicos aromáticos representan un grave problema ambiental, ya que se encuentran dispersos en aguas residuales generadas normalmente por la industria petroquímica. En este trabajo se presenta la síntesis de hidrotalcitas y de óxidos mixtos derivados de éstas, empleados en la adsorción de contaminantes orgánicos de tipo BTEX-fenol presentes en medio acuoso. Los resultados se compararon con los de las hidrotalcitas reconstruidas en presencia de BTEX-fenol. Se encontró que las propiedades adsorptivas dependen fundamentalmente de la composición química de los materiales y de la estructura. Si bien las hidrotalcitas iniciales y los óxidos mixtos resultaron ser adsorbentes eficientes, las hidrotalcitas reestructuradas fueron mucho más activas.
The Glial Aging & Senescence Hypothesis of Late-onset Alzheimer’s
Authors: Lau Victor , Ramer Leanne , Tremblay Marie-Ève
Published: March 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) predominantly occurs as a late-onset form (LOAD), involving neurodegeneration and cognitive decline with progressive memory loss. Over time, risk factors and aging promote accumulation of well-known AD pathologies in oxidative stress, amyloid-beta and tau protein pathology, as well as inflammation. Homeostatic glial functions regulate and suppress these AD pathologies; however, other glial states involve increased pro-inflammatory cytokine release and further pathology accumulation. Different stresses can additionally induce cellular senescence, or an irreversible differentiation process resulting in decreased supportive functions and increased, pro-inflammatory cytokine release. While these pathophysiological underpinnings all contribute to LOAD, they require temporal and mechanistic integration. This perspective hypothesizes that when individuals have threshold senescent glia accumulation, they transition from healthy cognition into mild cognitive impairment and LOAD diagnosis. Particularly, senescent microglia are predicted to represent a final threshold required for the tau pathology burden and spreading that corresponds to sustained neurodegeneration and dementia severity. We first explore age-related decline in glia that promote increases in AD pathologies, and then discuss emerging evidence linking oxidative stress, neurons containing tau pathology, and amyloid-beta to microglia, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell, and astrocyte senescence. Our hypothesis proposes that senescent astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors pressure microglia to phagocytose neurons containing tau pathology. The resulting senescent microglia would form neuritic plaques and induce paracrine senescence transitioning into a progressive clinical dementia presentation. This predictive hypothesis can potentially account for why medications used to treat LOAD fail, as previous treatments have not reduced senescent glial burden. It is also coherent with the predominant hypotheses surrounding LOAD, generates testable hypotheses about LOAD, and increases rationale in testing senolytics as targeted treatments for LOAD arrest and reversal.
A Deep Dive into Genome Assemblies of Non-vertebrate Animals
Authors: Guiglielmoni Nadège , Rivera-Vicéns Ramón , Koszul Romain , Flot Jean-François
Published: March 2022

Non-vertebrate species represent about ~95% of known metazoan (animal) diversity. They remain to this day relatively unexplored genetically, but understanding their genome structure and function is pivotal for expanding our current knowledge of evolution, ecology and biodiversity. Following the continuous improvements and decreasing costs of sequencing technologies, many genome assembly tools have been released, leading to a significant amount of genome projects being completed in recent years. In this review, we examine the current state of genome projects of non-vertebrate animal species. We present an overview of available sequencing technologies, assembly approaches, as well as pre and post-processing steps, genome assembly evaluation methods, and their application to non-vertebrate animal genomes.