bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capacitor Voltage Feedback Active Damping With Reduced Computation Delay for Improving Voltage Control Performance of LC‐Type Grid‐Forming Inverter
Authors: Yu Jian , Cheng Yingru , Hou Yifan , Hao Yulong
Published: October 2024

In low‐voltage applications using low‐Q LC filters, alias‐free capacitor voltage acquisition can be achieved, but synchronous capacitor voltage sampling under high‐Q filters used in high‐voltage applications in grid‐forming converters causes some degree of distortion and results in degradation of the power supply quality. And the inherent 1.5 sampling periods that delay in this approach limit the control bandwidth, reduce the stability region, and result in an inadequate time domain response. Despite these shortcomings, this approach is widely accepted in practice. The conclusion of this paper is that shifting the capacitor voltage sampling instant to 2 µs before the pulse width modulation (PWM) reference voltage update results in almost the same distortion as synchronous sampling. However, it can improve the dynamic performance of the system. A distortion‐acceptable univariate feedback voltage dual‐loop active damping control topology with much reduced computational delay is proposed, which is based on an internal active damping loop using a discrete lead compensator and a proportional resonance controller in the external voltage loop.
Fostering Social Cohesion in Post‐Conflict Societies: The Power of Normative Apologies in Reducing Competitive Victimhood and Enhancing Reconciliation and Intergroup Negotiation
Authors: Borinca Islam , Koc Yasin , Mustafa Sevim
Published: October 2024

The present research investigated whether a normative outgroup apology enhances conciliatory attitudes (i.e., willingness for intergroup contact and feelings of peace) and intergroup negotiations while reducing competitive victimhood. In three experiments (N = 855) conducted in the post‐conflict context of Kosovo, we manipulated the normative apology by informing participants that the majority of outgroup members (i.e., Serbs) apologized for the Kosovo war. We compared this normative apology condition with an institutional apology, in which a Serbian representative apologized for the Kosovo war on behalf of the Serbian government (in all experiments), and a control (i.e., baseline) condition in which no apology‐related information was presented (Experiments 1 and 2). Overall, the results showed that participants in the normative apology condition reported greater willingness for contact with outgroup members, increased feelings of peace, greater support for intergroup negotiations, and reduced competitive victimhood compared to participants in other conditions. In addition, Experiment 3 revealed that outgroup humanization mediated the effect of normative apology on conciliatory attitudes, intergroup negotiations and competitive victimhood. In sum, these findings showed that normative apologies play a critical role in improving intergroup relations and reducing conflict‐related tensions.
Optimization of White Tea Flavanol Extraction Process by the Ultrasonic‐Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Method and Determination of the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Chen Yuexing , Du Xueting , Tan Siyuan , Li Huixin
Published: October 2024

Flavanols have a variety of health benefits and biological activities and become the hotspot of the food development and research. In this research, flavanols were extracted from white tea by ultrasonic‐assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) method. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the content of flavanols. The influence of four factors on the flavanol extraction yield was analyzed by single factor experiments, including deep eutectic solvent mole ratio (the mole of hydrogen bond acceptors: the mole of hydrogen bond donors), solid–liquid ratio (white tea sample weight/g: the volume of DES/mL), extraction time and extraction temperature. On the basis of single factor experiments, the factors which had significant effects on the flavanol extraction yield were further optimized by the response surface test. The results showed that the optimized extraction conditions were as follows: the mole ratio of DES 1: 4 (choline chloride: 1,2‐propanediol), the solid–liquid ratio 1:30, the extraction temperature 56°C, the extraction time 53 min, and the ultrasonic power 341 W. Under the above parameters, the extraction yield of white tea flavanols was 9.63 mg/g. After purification with macroporous resin, antioxidation and antibacterial experiments were carried out. The results showed that the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of white tea flavanols were remarkable. The antibacterial effects performed best on Escherichia coli, followed by Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum diameter of the antibacterial zone on Escherichia coli was 0.95 ± 0.11 mm. The best radical scavenging rates of OH, ABTS+ and DPPH were 97.1%, 97.5%, and 88.4%, respectively, when the flavanol concentration was 9.5 mg/mL. The conclusions of this research can provide theoretical foundation for the further study of white tea flavanols.
Impact of climate change on natural terrain stability and infrastructure integrity: Insights and case studies from Colombia
Authors: Gall Vojtech , Alsahly Abdullah , Davila Juan Manuel
Published: October 2024

Climate change often leads to increased precipitations and thus affects natural terrain stability, leading to landslides and infrastructure damage. Infrastructure failure causes economic losses, societal disruption, and hampers emergency response and recovery efforts. For example, a significant challenge to the stability of natural slopes is the intensification of heavy precipitation events due to climate change. Increased precipitation rates can intensify soil erosion and soil saturation, resulting in increased instability and a higher risk of slope failure. This work consolidates current insights derived from practical engineering based on detailed investigation as well as rigorous research on the interplay between climate change, land‐use changes, geomorphological characteristics, and their collective influence on slope stability, landslides, and infrastructure integrity. Two case studies from South America are presented to analyze such effect of climate change. Collaboration between civil engineering and climate disciplines, foremost meteorology along with predictive risk management, is essential for sustainable infrastructure in evolving climates.
The Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms for Detecting Genotoxicity in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Metals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pinto Thiago Guedes , Dias Thayza Aires , Renno Ana Claudia Muniz , dos Santos Jean Nunes , Cury Patrícia Ramos , Ribeiro Daniel Araki
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to provide a systematic review of studies on the essential and nonessential metal exposure at occupational level, genotoxicity, and polymorphisms and to answer the following questions: Are genetic polymorphisms involved in metal‐induced genotoxicity? In this study, 14 publications were carefully analyzed in this setting. Our results pointed out an association between polymorphism and genotoxicity in individuals exposed to metals, because 13 studies (out of 14) revealed positive relations between genotoxicity and polymorphisms in xenobiotics metabolizing and DNA repair genes. Regarding the quality of these findings, they can be considered reliable, as the vast majority of the studies (12 out of 14) were categorized as strong or moderate in the quality assessment. Taken as a whole, occupational exposure to metals (essentials or not) induces genotoxicity in peripheral blood or oral mucosa cells. Additionally, professional individuals with certain genotypes may present higher or lower DNA damage as well as DNA repair potential, which will certainly impact the level of DNA damage in the occupational environment.
The Role of 70‐MHz Ultrahigh‐Frequency Ultrasound in the Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Marco Fogante , Nicola Carboni , Claudio Ventura , Corrado Tagliati , Giulio Argalia
Published: October 2024

Aim

High‐frequency ultrasound with an 18‐MHz probe (18 MHz‐HFUS) plays a relevant role in the evaluation of peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Ultrahigh‐frequency ultrasound with a 70‐MHz probe (70 MHz‐UHFUS) offers higher spatial resolution and could allow a better detection of PNI. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of HFUS and UHFUS in PNI detection.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, were selected, between July 2022 and April 2024, 61 patients underwent HFUS, UHFUS, and nerve conduction study (NCS) for clinical suspicion of traumatic forearm PNI. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy of HFUS and UHFUS in PNI detection were calculated and compared. NCS was used as the reference standard. Nonparametric statistical tests were used. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Comparing the diagnostic performance in PNI detection, the 70 MHz‐UHFUS showed a sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy significantly higher than 18 MHz‐HFUS, respectively, 98.0% versus 82.4% (p = 0.0205) and 95.1% versus 82.0% (p = 0.0468). Otherwise, not significantly difference were in specificity, PPV, and NPV.

Conclusions

UHFUS compared to HFUS demonstrated a higher sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy in PNI detection.
Advancements in Eco‐Friendly Colloidal Quantum Dots and their Application in Light Emitting Diodes: Achieving Bright and Color‐Pure Emission for Displays
Authors: Channa Ali Imran , Bai Sai , Wang Zhiming M. , Tong Xin
Published: October 2024

Solution‐processable colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are regarded as promising light emitters for next‐generation displays owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and broad color tunability. Even though cadmium (Cd)‐based QDs and relevant electroluminescent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) progressed rapidly, their commercial deployment remains prohibited due to potential environmental concerns. In this review, recent advances in synthesizing eco‐friendly, bright, and color‐pure emitting QDs including InP, ZnSeTe, and AgInGaS2 (AIGS) QDs toward high‐performing LEDs are presented. In particular, the synthetic strategies such as regulating the composition, core/shell structure, and surface ligands of QDs for enhancing the PLQY and reducing the spectral bandwidth are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, various techniques to obtain high‐performance QDs‐based LEDs (QLEDs) involving device architecture and interface engineering as well as modification in electron and hole transport layers are overviewed. Finally, the existing challenges and outlook regarding the optimization of QD's synthesis and optical properties for boosted QLEDs device performance are put forward to enable prospective advanced displays.
Mutated Adenovirus Attacks in West Bengal, India: Risk Evaluation of Multi‐Country Outbreaks and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashrafur , Cronmiller Sydney , Ernest Julianne , Nguyen Jonah , Zong Donovan , Davis Rob , Rawa Amanda , Thomas Marie Roke , Al Mosharrafa Rana , Shanjana Yeasna , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: October 2024

Aim

The human adenovirus (HAdV) is beginning to spread rapidly in children through human, surface and animal vectors. Around 12,000 cases were recognised in 2022 in West Bengal and a shocking number of cases arose throughout India and in other under‐developed areas. This is going to be a big threat to public health since no vaccine, awareness or protocol policies were introduced. Early detection, immediate isolation and proper policy developments are the key factors in overcoming the situation. Therefore, we performed this rapid review and discussed probable mitigation strategies, updated research on vaccine development, and treatment strategies to control the outbreaks of mutated HAdV.

Design

This is a narrative review of publicly available information.

Methods

Here, we extracted updated information and data using the terms HAdV outbreaks, mutations, species, risks and prevention from Google Scholar and PubMed. We considered relevant articles that have discussed prevention strategies, ongoing research, and antiviral drugs for managing HAdV outbreaks.

Results

Early detection from throat swabs, isolation and symptomatic treatments are required to minimise viral infections. A massive test needs to be performed to find the affected people. The cases should be immediately isolated. It is recommended to treat high‐touch surfaces with heat‐ or bleach‐containing cleaners to prevent the spread of infection. Oxygen support and many broad‐spectrum antivirals have been used to treat HAdV. Several studies showed antibody neutralisation and interactions between the natural killer cell receptor KIR3DS1 and HLA‐F in infected cells, indicating possible therapeutic options in the future. HAdV‐4 and HAdV‐7 vaccines have been limitedly approved for administration to military personnel.

Conclusion

Isolation, certain safety measures, broad‐spectrum antiviral drugs and further research on new vaccines could be useful to prevent this virus from producing a worldwide pandemic. Also, the authorities should ensure the proper therapeutic interventions and nursing care facilities for the infected children.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patient or public contribution was not relevant to our work.
Dynamic Viscosity of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG): Data Assessment, Sensitivity Analysis and Robust Modeling via Artificial Intelligence Methods
Authors: Altalbawy Farag M. A. , Al‐Hussainy Ali Fawzi , Doshi Hardik , Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Agarwal Mohit , Kaur Parjinder , Saydaxmetova Shaxnoza , Nafea Marwa Akram , Najm Mohanad Hasan , Al‐Shami Karar R. , Kiani Mahmood
Published: October 2024

Accurate determination of physio‐chemical properties of polyethylene glycol as a green non‐toxic solvent is vital for any chemical and energy process involving polyethylene glycol. Machine learning algorithms are known as robust methods for prediction purposes. This study put forward least squares support vector machine scheme optimized with either particle swarm optimization, genetic algorithm and coupled simulated annealing optimization methods to precisely carry out the prediction task of polyethylene glycol viscosity in terms of its influencing parameters of pressure, temperature and polyethylene glycol molecular weight using a dataset containing experimental pertinent values. An outlier detection algorithm is made use of to confirm the data reliability for model development. In addition, sensitivity study is done to ascertain the relative impacts of each input factor on polyethylene glycol viscosity. The results showed that least squares support vector machine optimized with coupled simulated annealing is the most accurate model for the PEG viscosity prediction task with coefficient of determination of 0.997, average absolute relative error percent of 0.653 and mean square error of 8.005 for all datapoints. In addition, it was found that unlike temperature, we observe an indirect correlation of pressure and polyethylene glycol molecular weight with the pertinent viscosity data. The robustness of the developed least squares support vector machine optimized with coupled simulated annealing is further approved as it outperforms a renowned correlation that is often used for general viscosity prediction.
Sideband‐Selective Single‐Photon Blockade in Floquet‐Modulated Jaynes–Cummings System
Authors: Li Shiyan , Wang Nan , Zhu Ai‐Dong
Published: October 2024

A circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) scheme is proposed for generating an on‐demand single‐photon source with full external engineering in a Floquet‐modulated Jaynes–Cummings (JC) system. The photon blockade effect can be induced across multiple Floquet sidebands, enabling the selective generation of a bright single‐photon beam at a specific sideband frequency by adjusting the external driving field of the qubit, without requiring modifications to the circuit components. This is of significance for practical applications of integrated micro‐nano single quantum devices within a quantum information network.
Event‐Triggered Generalized Extended State Observer‐Based Control for Nonlinear Networked Systems Under Gain Variation and Multi‐Channel Attacks
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Wang Jianyu , Liu Yajuan , Lee Sangmoon
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the event‐triggered generalized extended state observer‐based estimation issue for a class of nonlinear networked control systems with unmodeled dynamics, external disturbances and multi‐channel attacks. In order to resist different forms of attack threats on multiple communication channels from sensors to the observer, Markov chain is introduced to describe the stochastic switching or jumping behavior between different attack modes. Considering the limited network resources, the measured outputs are transmitted to the observer only when the triggering conditions are met. Moreover, the parameters modeled by the Bernoulli process are adopted to help analyze potential random gain variations of the generalized extended state observer. By employing Lyapunov stability theory and stochastic systems analysis, sufficient conditions are derived to ensure that the augmented system is exponentially bounded in mean square, and the expected observer gains are further determined through linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example and a simulation related to the RLC series circuit system are conducted, illustrating the proposed method's effectiveness.
Tuning Work Function of Fe2N@C Nanosheets by Co Doping for Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Chen Yifan , Huang Qiang , Zhao Rong , Sun Bing , Xu Wenli , Gao Yinhong , Nan Xu , Li Qiqi , Yang Yao , Cong Ye , Li Xuanke , Zhang Qin , Yang Nianjun
Published: October 2024

Transition metal nitrides (TMNs) with high theoretical capacity and excellent electrical conductivity have great potential as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but suffer from poor rate performance due to the slow kinetics. Herein, taking the Fe2N for instance, Co doping is utilized to enhance the work function of Fe2N, which accelerates the charge transfer and strengthens the adsorption of Li+ ions. The Fe2N nanoparticles with various Co dopants are anchoring on the surface of honeycomb porous carbon foam (named Cox‐Fe2N@C). Co‐doping can enlarge the work function of pristine Fe2N and thereby optimize the charging/discharging kinetics. The work function can be increased from 5.23 eV (pristine Fe2N) to 5.67 eV for Co0.3‐Fe2N@C and 5.56 eV for Co0.1‐Fe2N@C. As expected, the Co0.1‐Fe2N@C electrode exhibits the highest specific capacity (673 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and remarkable rate capability (375 mA h g−1 at 5 000 mA g−1), outperforming most reported TMNs electrodes. Therefore, this work provides a promising strategy to design and regulate anode materials for high‐performance and even commercially available LIBs.
Background‐Free Imaging of Food Freshness Using Curcumin‐Functionalized Upconversion Reversible Hydrogel Patch
Authors: Jiang Ruoxuan , Yang Fan , Kang Xiaohui , Li Xingzhen , Jia Wei , Pan Lei , Yang Liang
Published: October 2024

Functionalized upconversion nanomaterials can overcome the drawbacks faced of strong background interference, photodamage, and spectral overlap by conventional optical labeling. Here, curcumin‐functionalized upconversion hydrogel patch is designed with background‐free and reversible for food freshness monitoring by ultra‐sensitive response to biogenic amines. By loading the probes onto hydrogel patch, utilizing the good ductility to solve the problem of non‐smooth surface coverage, thus accurately capturing biogenic amines. The presence of biogenic amines leads to the conversion of the diketone group on the probe to enolate ions, which triggers fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and ultimately causes the upconverted fluorescence to gradually change from green to red. The probe exhibits good detection capability for biogenic amines with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.73 µm. Interestingly, the patch can be restored to its initial state after water rinsing, realizing reversible detection of biogenic amines. Additionally, combining the color recognition system of smartphone can convert the imaging signal into a data signal to achieve quantitative analysis and show a reliable assessment comparable to the results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study demonstrates the practical applicability in real‐time monitoring of freshness, suggests great potential in developing optical nano‐sensing strategy to ensure food safety.
Synthesis and evaluation of smart drugs with integrated functions for identifying and treating oxidative microenvironments associated with cellular ferroptosis
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Cai Rui , Ding Yu , Zhang Jiangye , Ning Changxu , Zeng Jiangcheng , Zhou Zhongxiang , Wang Shisheng , Li Yueqing , Guo Xiuhan
Published: October 2024

Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by oxidative damage, and is implicated in various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, retinal damage, and ischemia‐reperfusion injury of organs. Inhibiting ferroptosis has shown great promise as a therapeutic strategy for these diseases, underscoring the urgent need to develop effective ferroptosis inhibitors. Although Ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) is a potent ferroptosis inhibitor, its susceptibility to oxidation and metabolic inactivation limits its clinical utility. In this study, the accumulation of peroxides and the resulting oxidative damage in the cellular microenvironment during ferroptosis were utilized to design Ferrostatin‐1 prodrugs with reactive oxygen species‐responsive features. This approach led to the development of a series of ferroptosis inhibitors that were capable of recognizing oxidative damage in diseased areas, allowing for targeted release and improved stability. The novel compounds demonstrated significant inhibitory effects and selectivity against RSL‐3‐induced ferroptosis in HK‐2 cells, with compound a1 exhibiting an EC50 of 15.4 ± 0.7 μM, outperforming Fer‐1. These compounds effectively identify the oxidative microenvironment associated with ferroptosis, enabling the targeted release of Fer‐1, which prevents lipid peroxide accumulation and inhibits ferroptosis. This strategy holds promise for treating diseases related to ferroptosis, offering a targeted and intelligent therapeutic approach.
A NIR light activated self‐reporting carbon dots assembly as phototheranostics for tumor photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhao Ziyu , Chen Tiejin , Li Jian , Xue Xiaokuang , Ge Jiechao , Wang Pengfei
Published: October 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising protocol for cancer therapy. However, real‐time monitoring of PDT progress and accurate determination of the optimal treatment timing remain challenges. In this work, we selected carbon dots (CDs) and new indocyanine green (IR820) as building units to fabricate a smart nanotheranostics (CDs‐IR820 assembly) with the characteristics of controlled release and real‐time imaging to solve the time gap between diagnosis and treatment. The fabricated CDs‐IR820 assembly locked the photosensitivity of the CDs and could degrade under 750 nm laser irradiation to achieve controlled release of the CDs, thus used for cell imaging and producing single oxygen under the white light. Besides, the released CDs could migrate from the mitochondria to the nucleus during the PDT process, indicating the cell activity, which facilitated the regulation of treatment parameters to achieve the precise PDT for cancer.
Performance of self‐compacting alkali‐activated slag concrete‐filled cold‐formed steel tubular stub columns
Authors: Kumar Shivam , Gupta Pramod Kumar , Iqbal Mohd. Ashraf
Published: October 2024

This study comprehensively investigates the self‐compacting alkali‐activated slag concrete‐filled cold‐formed steel tubes (SACFST) stub columns under axial compression. The innovative combination of alkali‐activated slag concrete (AASC) with concrete‐filled steel tubes (CFST) enhances both sustainability and structural performance. AASC, known for its eco‐friendly benefits compared to conventional concrete, was developed using industrial wastes, contributing to green construction practices. Based on Taguchi's L‐9 orthogonal array, nine mixes of self‐compacting alkali‐activated slag concrete (SASC) were developed, achieving impressive flowability exceeding 700 mm and compressive strengths ranging from 48 to 69 MPa. Additionally, split‐tensile strengths between 3.8 and 5.7 MPa, flexural strengths from 6.3 to 8.2 MPa, and a modulus of elasticity between 27.6 and 32.9 GPa were observed. Nine circular CFSTs containing SASC mixes were tested under axial compression, and a finite element model was developed to simulate their results. The experimental results were compared with standards from ACI 318, AIJ‐97, AISC‐360, AS 5100, and EC‐4, to evaluate the accuracy of axial capacity predictions. Among these standards, EC‐4 and AS 5100 provided the closest estimates, with mean PTest/PEC4 and PTest/P5100 ratios of 1.03 and 1.04, respectively, indicating a high level of accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of SACFST in advancing sustainable and resilient construction practices, laying the groundwork for future applications in structural engineering.
How to steer evolution of a system‐of‐systems
Authors: Fendali Mohamed Hichem , Borne Isabelle , Meslati Djamel , Souici‐Meslati Labiba
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a system‐theoretic study of how System‐of‐Systems (SoS) evolution can be steered towards any desirable direction. For practitioners, this is a non‐trivial undertaking because of the potential resistance to change from the independent constituents. In this paper, we highlight this subject as a gap in the literature on SoS evolution, but not only. We review the characteristics of the SoS evolution context to establish that, despite the limitations in visibility and control, a SoS will still exhibit many evolutionary tendencies and dynamics, which can be harnessed for steering its evolution. Based on that, we present a set of six 6 prescriptive heuristics which practitioners can turn to when they need a SoS to move in any desired direction. These heuristics optimize for making the best use of one's available (direct and indirect) leverages. The usefulness and broad applicability of the proposed heuristics are illustrated through case studies of two distinct real‐world SoSs, namely, the Internet and the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS).
Scribbles, Spirographs, and AI, Oh My!: Postdevelopmental Sociomaterial Practices of Graphicality
Authors: Knochel Aaron
Published: October 2024

Using assemblage as a conceptual framework, I articulate the entangled relationality of graphicality when perceived as a postdevelopmental sociomaterial practice outside of developmental stage discourses. Considering multiple practices, from children drawing, to mark making with mechanized drawing machines, and generative artificial intelligence (AI) image platforms, I identify matters of concern that relate these varying practices in graphicality to question our conceptions of graphicality and creative expression. I consider Drawing Together, which is a series of workshops in performing techno-mechanical markmaking, questioning our ethical commitments through material engagement, and speculating on the pedagogical force of these types of techno-aesthetic making. I glean from this analysis an approach to gain perspective on the emerging sociomaterial practices of generative AI in considering issues of access, prompt engineering, and the carbon footprint of AI computing.
Artfully Integrating AI: Proceeding Responsibly With Worker-Centered Best Practices
Authors: Fox Sarah E. , Shorey Samantha
Published: October 2024

AI’s “great acceleration” is a vital moment for intervention on behalf of the workers tasked with integrating autonomous systems. In this chapter, we draw on eight months of field research across two sites of essential work newly deploying automation, in order to examine how frontline employees—here, janitorial staff and recycling sorters—take on the supervisory responsibilities and troubleshooting required by emerging technologies. Workers are called to produce this labor on top of existing duties, attuning to the machinery’s regular mistakes and often still performing the original activities meant to be relieved by AI. We argue that a humane future with autonomous technologies cannot be secured through design alone, but requires developing processes of worker-centered integration. We offer a set of recommendations on the installation, evaluation, and maintenance of AI in essential sectors, and reflect on new governance strategies meant to regulate the promotion and use of artificial intelligence within workplaces.
Whose Mental Model? Multi-stakeholder Most Advanced Yet Acceptable (MAYA) Visions of Disruptive Autonomous Maritime Technology
Authors: Rousi Rebekah
Published: October 2024

Efforts to develop ship fleets and maritime traffic systems that take advance of artificial intelligence to operate without the direct guidance of humans have been on planning tables for decades. There are many challenges to removing humans from direct operation. Several are bound to human-specific abilities to sense and gauge changing conditions based on years of experience and tacit knowledge that accompanies expertise. It can be argued that the transition to autonomous shipping and maritime piloting may leave traffic vulnerable to the limitations of information technology developers. Moreover, considering initiatives to create disruptive innovation, this chapter argues that perhaps imaginings of an autonomous maritime are not only outdated but misleading and amateur from the perspective of maritime professionalism. This chapter re-positions humans within intelligent maritime developments, arguing that for truly disruptive innovation that exceeds fixated design typicality, designers need to delve into the mental models of maritime experts.
A degree bound for the c-boomerang uniformity of permutation monomials
Authors: Steiner Matthias Johann
Published: October 2024

Let $$\mathbb{F}_q$$

F
q

be a finite field of characteristic p. In this paper we prove that the c-Boomerang Uniformity, $$c \ne 0$$

c
≠
0

, for all permutation monomials $$x^d$$

x
d

, where $$d > 1$$

d
>
1

and $$p \not \mid d$$

p
∤
d

, is bounded by $$\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} d^2, & c^2 \ne 1, \\ d \cdot (d - 1), & c = - 1, \\ d \cdot (d - 2), & c = 1 \end{array} \right\} .$$

d
2

,

c
2

≠
1
,

d
·
(
d
-
1
)
,

c
=
-
1
,

d
·
(
d
-
2
)
,

c
=
1

.

Further, we utilize this bound to estimate the c-boomerang uniformity of a large class of generalized triangular dynamical systems, a polynomial-based approach to describe cryptographic permutations of $$\mathbb{F}_{q}^{n}$$

F

q

n

, including the well-known substitution–permutation network.
Validating effectiveness of crown-of-thorns starfish control thresholds to limit coral loss throughout the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Rogers Jacob G. D. , Plagányi Éva E. , Blamey Laura K. , Desbiens Amelia A.
Published: October 2024

Population irruptions of the Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS, Acanthaster cf. solaris) are a key source of coral loss on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef (GBR). CoTS management currently involves their manual control (culling) to threshold densities below which net coral decline theoretically ceases based on analysis of a validated population dynamics model. Spatial variability in coral growth and community composition, and their predicted changes under continuing global warming, necessitate further consideration of current coral representation in CoTS models. Here, we consider the sensitivity of equilibrium coral-CoTS thresholds to coral growth rates and consider how the demographic composition of CoTS at a site may relate to culling thresholds. We found thresholds should be location-specific if the objective of CoTS control is coral recovery, but location-specific thresholds may not be needed if the objective is to limit coral cover loss based on coral growth and CoTS demography. The consequence of using a higher CPUE threshold than the analytical equilibrium coral-CoTS thresholds in terms of coral cover loss is suggested to be limited at coral cover < 40%, and varying control thresholds thereof may make little difference. Introducing a 0.06 CoTS.min−1 threshold for 40–60% coral cover may reduce coral loss at ~ 40% where it is likely greatest. With regional GBR coral cover averaging < 40%, this study validates the 0.04–0.08 CoTS.min−1 tiered threshold system for CoTS control and suggests methods developed from localised studies can be more broadly applicable and well-defined objectives (e.g. avoiding coral cover decline at a site) can help guide what thresholds are used and the sensitivity around these.
Investigation of iron oxide nanoparticle formation in a spray-flame synthesis process using laser-induced incandescence
Authors: Lang Peter , Kücükmeric Ece , Huber Franz J. T. , Will Stefan
Published: October 2024

In this work, iron-oxide nanoparticle formation in the spray-flame synthesis (SFS) process of the standardized SpraySyn 2.0 burner was investigated in situ using laser-induced incandescence (LII). For the evaluation of these measurements, prior LII-experiments within iron-oxide aerosols (Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3) with known primary particle size distribution and morphological properties were performed to determine the thermal accommodation coefficient (TAC) α, which led to approx. α = 0.08. The applicability of the TAC results within the flame was validated using spectrally and temporally resolved measurements in the flame at 65 mm HAB employing a spectrograph. Data for a bimodal particle size distribution, obtained from Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), were used in the LII-evaluation. The validated TAC was then used to evaluate the primary particle size evolution from in situ Time-Resolved (TiRe) LII-measurements using PMTs along the centre axis of the burner, ranging from 10 mm to 50 mm HAB. These measurements reveal a relatively constant effective particle diameter along HAB with dp,eff ≈ 300 nm. To further investigate particle formation in SFS, 2-dimensional time-resolved LII-measurements in the SFS flame were performed, showing a clear particle formation region up to approx. 30 mm HAB, from where on a constant particle mass is observed.
Deep learning prediction of error and skill in robotic prostatectomy suturing
Authors: Sirajudeen N. , Boal M. , Anastasiou D. , Xu J. , Stoyanov D. , Kelly J. , Collins J. W. , Sridhar A. , Mazomenos E. , Francis N. K.
Published: October 2024

Background

Manual objective assessment of skill and errors in minimally invasive surgery have been validated with correlation to surgical expertise and patient outcomes. However, assessment and error annotation can be subjective and are time-consuming processes, often precluding their use. Recent years have seen the development of artificial intelligence models to work towards automating the process to allow reduction of errors and truly objective assessment. This study aimed to validate surgical skill rating and error annotations in suturing gestures to inform the development and evaluation of AI models.

Methods

SAR-RARP50 open data set was blindly, independently annotated at the gesture level in Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) suturing. Manual objective assessment tools and error annotation methodology, Objective Clinical Human Reliability Analysis (OCHRA), were used as ground truth to train and test vision-based deep learning methods to estimate skill and errors. Analysis included descriptive statistics plus tool validity and reliability.

Results

Fifty-four RARP videos (266 min) were analysed. Strong/excellent inter-rater reliability (range r = 0.70–0.89, p < 0.001) and very strong correlation (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) between objective assessment tools was demonstrated. Skill estimation of OSATS and M-GEARS had a Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient 0.37 and 0.36, respectively, with normalised mean absolute error representing a prediction error of 17.92% (inverted “accuracy” 82.08%) and 20.6% (inverted “accuracy” 79.4%) respectively. The best performing models in error prediction achieved mean absolute precision of 37.14%, area under the curve 65.10% and Macro-F1 58.97%.

Conclusions

This is the first study to employ detailed error detection methodology and deep learning models within real robotic surgical video. This benchmark evaluation of AI models sets a foundation and promising approach for future advancements in automated technical skill assessment.

Graphical abstract
Schutzgüterabwägungen unter dem Einfluss von §2 S. 2 EEG – umfassender Vorrang des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien als neues Soll?
Authors: Pernice-Warnke Silvia
Published: October 2024

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Bedeutung, Anwendungsbereich und Verfassungsmäßigkeit
des durch das Gesetz zu Sofortmaßnahmen für einen beschleunigten Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien
und weiteren Maßnahmen im Stromsektor aus dem Jahr 2022 eingeführten §2 S. 2 EEG.
Development of an Expert-Based Scoring System for Early Identification of Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Primary Care Settings – the PIDCAP Project
Authors: Rivière Jacques G. , Carot-Sans Gerard , Piera-Jiménez Jordi , de la Torre Sergi ,   PIDCAP expert group, Alsina Laia , Bielsa Masdeu Ana Mª , Bosom Diumenjó Maria , Carbone Javier , Carreras Carmen , Deya-Martínez Angela , Dieli-Crimi Romina , Espiau María , Fernández Pereira Luis , González I. , Juan Manel , LLobet Pilar , Martín-Nalda Andrea , Mendez Maria , Neth Olaf , Ocejo-Vinyals J. Gonzalo , Olbrich Peter , Rodríguez J. C. , Rodríguez-Vigil Iturrate Carmen , Rodrigo Carlos , Santos Pérez Juan Luis , Cos Xavier , Serra-Picamal Xavier , Soler-Palacin Pere
Published: October 2024

Early diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) has been shown to reduce mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. The need for early diagnosis has led to the development of computational tools that trigger earlier clinical suspicion by physicians. Primary care professionals serve as the first line for improving early diagnosis. To this end, a computer-based tool (based on extended Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) Warning Signs) was developed to assist physicians with diagnosis decisions for IEIs in the primary care setting. Two expert-guided scoring systems (one pediatric, one adult) were developed. IEI warning signs were identified and a panel of 36 experts reached a consensus on which signs to include and how they should be weighted. The resulting scoring system was tested against a retrospective registry of patients with confirmed IEI using primary care EHRs. A pilot study to assess the feasibility of implementation in primary care was conducted. The scoring system includes 27 warning signs for pediatric patients and 24 for adults, adding additional clinically relevant criteria established by expert consensus to the JMF Warning Signs. Cytopenias, ≥ 2 systemic infections, recurrent fever and bronchiectasis were the leading warning signs in children, as bronchiectasis, autoimmune diseases, cytopenias, and > 3 pneumonias were in adults. The PIDCAP (Primary Immune Deficiency “Centre d’Atenció Primària” that stands for Primary Care Center in Catalan) tool was implemented in the primary care workstation in a pilot area. The expert-based approach has the potential to lessen under-reporting and minimize diagnostic delays of IEIs. It can be seamlessly integrated into clinical primary care workstations.
Graphene Aerogel Composites with Self-Organized Nanowires-Packed Honeycomb Structure for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: You Xiao , Ouyang Huiying , Deng Ruixiang , Zhang Qiuqi , Xing Zhenzhong , Chen Xiaowu , Shan Qingliang , Yang Jinshan , Dong Shaoming
Published: October 2024

With vigorous developments in nanotechnology, the elaborate regulation of microstructure shows attractive potential in the design of electromagnetic wave absorbers. Herein, a hierarchical porous structure and composite heterogeneous interface are constructed successfully to optimize the electromagnetic loss capacity. The macro–micro-synergistic graphene aerogel formed by the ice template‑assisted 3D printing strategy is cut by silicon carbide nanowires (SiCnws) grown in situ, while boron nitride (BN) interfacial structure is introduced on graphene nanoplates. The unique composite structure forces multiple scattering of incident EMWs, ensuring the combined effects of interfacial polarization, conduction networks, and magnetic-dielectric synergy. Therefore, the as-prepared composites present a minimum reflection loss value of − 37.8 dB and a wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 9.2 GHz (from 8.8 to 18.0 GHz) at 2.5 mm. Besides, relying on the intrinsic high-temperature resistance of SiCnws and BN, the EAB also remains above 5.0 GHz after annealing in air environment at 600 °C for 10 h.
The impact of anger and age on depression
Authors: Han Zhe
Published: October 2024

Object

This study investigates the endogenous factors of trait anger and reactive factors of life events in depression, and examines how anger expression and age influences the mechanism of depression.

Method

Eighty-nine healthy subjects were randomly selected as the reference group, and 115 outpatients with depression formed the control group. Participants completed the Life Events Scale (Selye 1969), the STAXI-2 scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results

The analysis revealed that trait anger significantly mediates the relationship between life events and depression in the control group, with a total effect confidence interval of 0.46 (95% CI 0.11, 0.81) and an indirect effect of 0.12, accounting for 26.09% of the relative mediating effect (95% CI 0.04, 0.29).

Conclusion

Trait anger has a significant complete mediating effect on depression with life events as mediators in the control group. Furthermore, anger expression and age significantly moderate the mediating effects of life events on depression.
La crise financière de 2008 et les relations de travail dans le transport aérien : le cas d’Air Canada
Authors: Bourgault Julie , Coutu Michel
Published: October 2024

Comme tous les grands transporteurs aériens, l’entreprise Air Canada a été très durement frappée par la Grande récession survenue à l’échelle mondiale en 2008. Ses activités et ses revenus ont chuté dramatiquement et, outre des mises à pied et des licenciements collectifs, l’entreprise a cherché à limiter ses coûts de main-d’œuvre en réduisant les avantages des régimes de retraite en vigueur. La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une vaste recherche sur la grande entreprise au Canada et le déclin de la citoyenneté au travail. Elle s’intéresse plus particulièrement à l’impact de la crise financière de 2008 sur la dynamique des relations de travail et l’évolution de la citoyenneté au travail chez Air Canada : nous entendons vérifier en particulier si nos hypothèses d’une médiation des interactions entre économie et droit par le politique, d’une part, par les relations industrielles (autonomie collective), d’autre part, se confirment ou non.
Sustainability and SMEs: Opening the black box
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Pizzi Simone , Santini Erica
Published: October 2024

In this special issue titled ‘Sustainability and SMEs: Opening the black box’, we compile eight articles that dissect the multifaceted relationship between small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and sustainability. This special issue promoted interdisciplinary research at the intersection of the design, management, organisation, and reporting of sustainable actions in the context of SMEs. Stemming from the need to apply different theoretical and analytical lenses to the study of sustainability in SMEs than in large corporations, each paper provides unique insights into the formal and informal approaches, drivers, barriers, and enablers of sustainable practices in SMEs. The collection not only furthers the dialogue on the role of SMEs in sustainable development but also paves the way for future research directions and practical applications in this dynamic and still underexplored field.
Pathways to Eviction
Authors: Summers Nicole , Steil Justin
Published: October 2024

Over the past several years, socio-legal researchers have focused attention on the phenomenon of eviction, particularly in low-income communities and communities of color. One major aspect of the eviction phenomenon has been largely overlooked: how and why certain eviction filings result in forced, legally compelled tenant moves and others do not. Through coding of the legal documents associated with eviction filings and multi-level regression analysis, this article advances the analysis of evictions in two crucial ways. First, it identifies and describes the frequency of the distinct legal procedural pathways that result in forced tenant moves once an eviction case has been filed. Second, it identifies the case, tenancy, neighborhood, and property correlates of forced tenant moves and of distinct procedural pathways to forced tenant moves. The article demonstrates that move-out agreements are the primary procedural pathway by which tenants are forcibly moved, yet they have been largely overlooked in previous eviction research because they are not easily analyzable in administrative datasets. The regression analyses advance the growing work examining the role of landlord characteristics in shaping tenants’ housing stability and break new ground in identifying the characteristics of the different pathways through which tenants are forced out of their homes following eviction filing.
A Global Social History of Princes, Courts and Elites
Authors: Duindam Jeroen
Published: October 2024

Royals abound in global history. Kings were served at court by domestic, administrative, and military elites who connected the centre to the provinces. Contemporary observers as well as modern historians have often stressed the contrast between oriental despots and limited monarchs in the West, downplaying structural resemblances. This article moves beyond clichés commonly ascribed to East and West, and asks to what extent social practices of court life were shared across early modern Eurasia. Then it reviews the profound changes in European court life during the long eighteenth century. Can parallel reform movements be found in other parts of Eurasia? Finally, it moves from comparisons to connections, by tracing fundamental shifts in the relationships between European royals and royals across the globe from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth. This longue durée examination questions common views about European exceptionalism and corrects persistent clichés about rising middle classes and declining nobilities.
How Did Bengal Become a Society?
Authors: Sartori Andrew
Published: October 2024

Starting in the nineteenth century, ‘society’ emerged as a new object of contemplation, a new conception of historicity, and a new framework of norms in Bengal. This article asks what kind of epistemological project this turn to the social represented, and what its emergence suggests about the historical circumstances that underwrote its conditions of possibility. I suggest that, beyond the narrower framework of colonial knowledge, the social emerged as a reflexive inquiry into the ways in which the conditions of collective and individual life were being transformed by practices of interdependence that defied containment to regional geographies.