bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prolonger l’approche Syal. La dimension politique des « Syal-coopératives » au Nicaragua
Authors: Metereau Renaud
Published: June 2017

Le mouvement coopératif paysan joue un rôle central au Nicaragua. Il facilite la survie et l’adaptation des agricultures familiales et paysannes face au contexte de globalisation néolibérale. Il constitue également le principal promoteur de trajectoires alternatives de développement au sein des territoires ruraux. Ce texte teste la pertinence du Syal comme grille de lecture des faits stylisés construits à partir d’une étude de terrain. Il propose ensuite, dans une démarche itérative, de prolonger cette grille par une dimension politique, afin d’en améliorer la compatibilité avec les résultats empiriques.
Psychodynamics of Onboarding New Graduate Nurses
Authors: Krozek Charles F.
Published: June 2017

The new graduate RNs' first job lands them squarely in the middle of extraordinary workplace complexity and extreme psychological stress. Met with a whole host of daily challenges, the organization's understanding of the new graduate's psychodynamic coping strategies can make a difference in the sucess of the onboarding program.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(7):299–301.
Legitimar psiquiatras antes que curar pacientes. Las terapias de shock en Buenos Aires, Argentina (1930-1970)
Authors: Golcman Alejandra
Published: June 2017

Esta investigación pretende explicar el uso teórico y clínico que se hizo de las terapias de shock en el campo psiquiátrico argentino, particularmente en la provincia de Buenos Aires entre las décadas de 1930 y 1970.
Se sostiene que es preciso estudiar el trabajo psiquiátrico teórico y clínico para conocer cómo los psiquiatras interpretaron la patología mental en el encuentro con sus pacientes. De este modo se analizan dos escenarios bien diferenciados: por un lado, el conformado por el ámbito académico, haciendo hincapié en textos médicos que plasmaron debates que tuvieron lugar en congresos, jornadas, cátedras universitarias, y por otro lado en ámbitos hospitalarios, representado por una población de pacientes crónicas, en un hospital de las afueras de la Capital Federal, el Hospital Esteves de Lomas de Zamora.
El uso de las terapias de shock en manos de médicos psiquiatras, modificó el modo de entender la locura y transformó el derrotero cotidiano de las instituciones hospitalarias. Por lo tanto, la presencia de dichas terapias significó un hecho relevante para legitimar la disciplina, independientemente de la “eficacia” de las mismas en el tratamiento concreto con pacientes.
Geophysical Survey And Archaeological Excavations In the Neolithic and Bronze-Age Settlement of La Dou (Girona, Spain). A combined approach to a new site
Authors: Sala Roger , Tamba Robert , Garcia-Garcia Ekhine , Alcalde Gabriel , Navarrete Vanessa , Revelles Jordi , Saña Maria , Rosillo Rafael
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the results of the investigations carried out from 2009 to 2013 in the multi-period archaeological site of La Dou (Sant Esteve d’en Bas, Girona, Catalonia). The authors expose the strategy applied to create the surveys and results of the excavations conducted to verify and date the detected features. The site was discovered in 2005 in a rescue excavation due to the building of a road, revealing a group of firing pits and other stratigraphic remains of a rare Neolithic, open-air settlement, dated from the 5th millennium BC. In 2009, a team of archaeologists from the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) created a project to expand the investigations to the cultivation fields surrounding the first findings. A magnetic survey was used to locate new archaeological remains and delimit the possible extents of the site. The results revealed a complex magnetic map that included several groups of anomalies interpreted as possible archaeological remains in an area of circa 2.4 ha. The attention of the team was then focused on a possible ditch detected in the survey and that was partially excavated. The excavation results and the C14 analysis expanded the chronology of the site until the Bronze Age, revealing an uncommon settlement that is still the object of investigations.
Approche intégrée d’une agglomération antique : l’exemple de Beneuvre (Côte-d’Or)
Authors: Gaetan Loïc
Published: June 2017

Agglomération antique du territoire lingon, le site
de Beneuvre (Côte-d’Or) est connu et étudié depuis le milieu du xixe siècle. Les nombreuses
campagnes de photographies aériennes effectuées par R. Goguey depuis
les années 1970 nous apportent une somme de connaissance primordiale
sur l’organisation spatiale de l’agglomération, mais aucune autre
source d’information n’était encore venue compléter le plan défini en
1994. Depuis 2013, de nouvelles recherches sont menées sur
l’agglomération dans le cadre d’une thèse sur les agglomérations
antiques du Val de Saône (L. Gaëtan) et d’un Programme Collectif de
Recherche (PCR) concernant les agglomérations antiques de Bourgogne,
Franche-Comté et Champagne méridionale (dir. S. Venault et P. Nouvel).
Grâce à une campagne d’envergure de prospections géophysiques
confrontée avec de nouvelles photographies aériennes, c’est un plan
plus complet d’une agglomération d’une trentaine d’hectare qui peut
être aujourd’hui restitué. Quant à son parcours chronologique, ce
dernier a évolué grâce à la mise en place d’une prospection carroyée
systématique au sol. Occupée du ier siècle av. J.-C. au iiie siècle apr. J.-C.,
l’agglomération antique de Beneuvre présente un ensemble d’édifices
publics et privés, parfois monumentaux à l’exemple du sanctuaire
inédit mis au jour. La présence d’une occupation protohistorique est
aussi désormais avérée.
Le fil de l'écrit
Authors: Mbodj-Pouye Aïssatou
Published: June 2017

Par une étude ethnographique des usages sociaux de l'écrit dans la région cotonnière du Mali, ce livre analyse les dynamiques d'alphabétisation au sens large, allant au-delà des filières de formation pour étudier la place de l'écrit dans les activités les plus quotidiennes. La pluralité des contextes où l'on apprend à lire et à écrire (alphabétisation pour adultes et filières scolaires) et des langues de l'écrit (français, bambara, arabe) façonne des profils de lettrés divers. L'ouvrage s'intéresse tout particulièrement aux effets de la dynamique d'alphabétisation impulsée par les interventions liées au développement à partir des années 1970.
L'analyse minutieuse des trajectoires de formation à l'échelle d'un village permet d'approcher les modalités d'inscription de l'écriture dans l'espace social. L'étude des pratiques de lecture, d'écriture et de compte, et des significations qui y sont attachées, amène à identifier comme domaine d'écriture privilégié l'espace personnel. En scrutant les façons de désigner et de délimiter cet espace « à soi », l'ouvrage démontre que l'écriture est un facteur essentiel dans la redéfinition des contours du public et du privé, et rapporte ces processus aux transformations socio-économiques en cours.
À partir d'un ancrage comparatiste, ce livre propose de dépasser le questionnement classique autour du partage oralité/écriture, et contribue au domaine émergent des travaux sur l'écriture sur les terrains africains. Il ouvre des perspectives plus générales sur le rapport à soi et la subjectivité dans l'Afrique contemporaine.
Electroconvulsive therapy hasn’t negative effects on short-term memory function, as assessed using a bedside hand-held device
Authors: Müller Helge H.O. , Reike Mareen , Grosse-Holz Simon , Röther Mareike , Lücke Caroline , Philipsen Alexandra , Kornhuber Johannes , Grömer Teja W.
Published: June 2017

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in the treatment of treatment-resistant major depression. The fear of cognitive impairment after ECT often deters patients from choosing this treatment option. There is little reliable information regarding the effects of ECT on overall cognitive performance, while short-term memory deficits are well known but not easy to measure within clinical routines. In this pilot study, we examined ECT recipients’ pre- and posttreatment performances on a digital ascending number tapping test. We found that cognitive performance measures exhibited good reproducibility in individual patients and that ECT did not significantly alter cognitive performance up to 2 hours after this therapy was applied. Our results can help patients and physicians make decisions regarding the administration of ECT. Digital measurements are recommended, especially when screening for the most common side effects on cognitive performance and short-term memory.
Nutritional and metabolic programming during the first thousand days of life
Authors: Agosti Massimo , Tandoi Francesco , Morlacchi Laura , Bossi Angela
Published: June 2017

The latest scientific acquisitions are demonstrating what has already been hypothesized for more than twenty years about the development of the state of health/illness of individuals. Indeed, certain stimuli, if applied to a sensible phase of development, are able to modify, through epigenetic mechanisms, gene expression of DNA, resulting in adaptive modifications of phenotype to the environment, which may reflect negatively on the health of every individual. This concept, applied to nutrition, has opened up important prospects for research in this area. The nutritional history of an individual, linked to the development of a healthy state, would begin very early. In fact, since the pregnancy and for the next two years (for a total of about 1000 days), the maternal eating habits, the type of breastfeeding and then the main stages of nutrition in the evolutionary phase represent those sensitive moments, essential for the development of important endocrine, metabolic, immunological alterations, better known as metabolic syndrome. This condition would represent the physiopathogenetic basis for explaining a series of disorders, known as non communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascolar disease and all those conditions that today affect the health of most industrialized countries and through the years are emerging especially in developing countries (South America, Asia), where new environmental conditions and increased food availability are changing food habits, with far-reaching public health impacts. This paper analyzes these new nutritional perspectives and the main implications of what has been termed the 1000-day theory.
Decolonising Western missionaries’ mission theology and practice in Ghanaian church history: A Pentecostal approach
Authors: White Peter
Published: June 2017

The term missional is meant to refer fundamentally to the missio Dei, just as the term missionary does. Missiology is the systematic study of all aspects of mission. It encompasses the historical origin of the churches, their growth, successes and failures. It pays attention to the methodology and context for mission. Ghanaian church history gives us a clear picture of the massive developmental contribution the Western missionaries have made in the social, educational and economic life of Ghana. Although the Western missionaries did very well in meeting the social and economic needs of Ghanaians, they were, however, unable to make a significant and lasting impact on the religious level – mainly because they did not address the traditional worldview of Ghanaians – a worldview embedded in the belief in spirits. This therefore caused some African Christians to seek for an African identity as far as Christianity is concerned. In the light of the search for African Christian identity and mission theology, this article discusses how Pentecostalism has been used as a tool for decolonising Western missionaries’ mission theology and practice in the Ghanaian context. The article discusses Pentecostalism in Ghana, Western missional theology and practices in their missionary activities in Ghana, as well as Ghanaian Pentecostals’ approach to decolonisation of Western mission theology.
The lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli O127:B8 induces inflammation and motility disturbances in rabbit ileum
Authors: Grasa Laura , Gonzalo Sergio , De Martino Alba , Murillo María Divina
Published: June 2017

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O127:B8 on the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the histology, and motor function in rabbit ileum. Rabbits were injected intravenously with saline or LPS (100 μg/kg, 2 h). The mRNA expression and localization of TLR4 were determined by reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. Histological damage induced by LPS was evaluated in sections of ileum stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Contractility studies of ileum were performed in an organ bath. The mRNA expression of TLR4 decreased in the muscular but not in the mucosal layer of rabbits treated with LPS. TLR4 was localised in both the mucosal and muscular layers of rabbit ileum. LPS induced intestinal inflammation and altered the spontaneous contractions and the serotonin-, acetylcholine- and KCl-induced contractions. In conclusion, LPS from E. coli O127:B8 induced a decrease in the mRNA expression of TLR4, an inflammatory response, and changes in the contractility of rabbit ileum.
Polymorphisms of exon 5, exon 7 and intron 10 of MMP2 gene and their association with wool density in Rex rabbits
Authors: Chen S.J. , Liu Y.J. , Liu T. , Chen B.J. , Gu Z.L.
Published: June 2017

Wool density is an important index that influences Rex rabbit fur quality. In our earlier studies, we found some important differentially expressed genes in different wool density of Rex rabbit by cDNA microarray. Based on the outcome, we conducted an association study to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of exon 1, 5, 7 and 10 of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) gene and their ligands associated with wool density. The results showed that exon 1 and exon 10 of MMP2 gene did not occur mutation in 100 Rex rabbits, meanwhile 3 SNPs were identified in exon 5, exon 7 and intron 10 of MMP2 gene sequence respectively, the 3 mutation sites were as follows: MMP2-exon 5-26C/G, MMP2-exon 7-101C/T and MMP2-intron 10-6C/T. The 3 SNPs were all in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Phenotypic correlation analysis results showed the 3 mutations lacked significant associations (P>0.05) with the wool density.
Evaluating skin quality of some rabbit breeds under Egyptian conditions
Authors: Taha Emad , Hekal Samia , Nasr Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: June 2017

Histological skin parameters in addition to mechanical and chemical properties of chrome tanned rabbits’ furs were determined in this study to evaluate and compare the quality of some rabbit breeds. Seventy-nine male rabbits aged 3 mo of New Zealand White (NZW, n=27), Rex (RX, n=24) and Gabaly (GB, n=28) were used. Results showed that GB skins had the highest values in skin weight (P<0.01) and area (P<0.05) followed by NZW and RX skins, respectively. Moreover, NZW skins differed in histological structure from the other 2 breeds, as total thickness and thickness of papillary and hypodermis layers in NZW were more than twice those of RX and GB (P<0.05). This structure is caused by an increase in fine collagen fibre bundles in papillary layer and a limited increase in larger collagen fibre bundles in the reticular layer. Furthermore, finished tanned furs properties clarify the superiority of GB furs in values of tensile and tearing strengths followed by NZW and RX, respectively. These results point to the possibility of using the chrome tanned furs of the 3 breeds in leather garment manufacturing.
Effect of feed restriction and feeding plans on performance, slaughter traits and body composition of growing rabbits
Authors: Birolo Marco , Trocino Angela , Tazzoli Marco , Xiccato Gerolamo
Published: June 2017

Two feeding systems (L, ad libitum vs. R, feed restriction) were combined with 3 feeding plans (MM, MH, HH) to evaluate the effects on performance, slaughter results, body composition and nitrogen balance of 300 commercial crossbred rabbits kept individually from weaning to slaughter (34-70 d of age). The R rabbits were fed from 80% (first days on trial) to 100% (end of 3rd wk) of ad libitum intake, whereafter R rabbits had free access to feed. The 3 feeding plans were: MM plan, M diet with moderate digestible energy (DE) content, 10.6 MJ/kg, throughout the trial; HH plan, H diet with high DE content, 11.1 MJ/kg, throughout the trial; MH plan, M diet for the first 3 wk and H diet for the last 2 wk. Feed restriction did not affect nutrient digestibility, growth rate on the whole trial and slaughter results, but improved feed conversion (2.96 vs. 2.89 in L and R rabbits, respectively; P<0.01) and reduced N excretion (2.16 vs. 2.07 g excreted N/d, in L and R rabbits; P<0.05). At the end of the first period (55 d), R rabbits showed lower empty body protein, lipid, and gross energy gains than L rabbits, but differences disappeared within the end of the trial. The HH plan improved feed conversion (2.97 vs. 2.89 for MM vs. HH; P<0.05), but increased excreted N (2.03 vs. 2.17 g/d; P<0.001) in comparison with the MM plan due to the higher digestible protein/DE ratio of H diet, whereas the MH plan showed intermediate results. In conclusion, a moderate feed restriction during post weaning improved feed conversion and reduced N excretion without negative effects on growth or slaughter results. Moreover, N excretion was confirmed to depend largely on dietary nitrogen content.
Van Helmont'S Proposal for a Randomised Comparison of Treating Fevers with or without Bloodletting and Purging
Authors: Donaldson IML
Published: June 2017

Around the year 1643, Joan Baptista van Helmont, a Flemish chemist, alchemist and physician who had devised what he claimed to be a new form of medicine, proposed a ‘challenge’ to traditional Galenic physicians to compare treatment of fever by traditional methods and by a regime which did not involve bloodletting and purging. Two groups of patients were to be treated and ‘casting of lots’ was to be used – in some way not specified in detail – to decide who received which treatment. This ‘challenge’ has been regarded as the first proposal for the use of randomisation in a clinical trial.

This paper explains the background to the challenge and discusses what can be deduced from Helmont's text about the details of how he proposed that the ‘trial’ was to be carried out. It concludes that internal evidence in Helmont's writings makes it certain that no such ‘trial’ was ever conducted. It seems that the ‘challenge’ was probably a rhetorical device to support Helmont's vehement criticism of traditional Galenic medicine and its practitioners, and, in particular, to emphasise his absolute opposition to the use of bloodletting as a medical treatment. An appendix includes a short summary of Helmont's theories of the origins of disease and transcriptions of the passages of Helmont's Latin text translated in the article.
Chorea in the Older Adult: A Full Blooded Answer
Authors: Degnan AJ , Capek E , Bowman A
Published: June 2017

Chorea is a severe, distressing, movement disorder characterised by excessive, purposeless movements of the limbs, head and orofacial muscles in a generalised and irregularly-timed fashion. In young patients, neurodegenerative (Huntington's disease) and metabolic (Wilson's disease) aetiologies are most common. In the older population, the differential widens to include genetic, structural, metabolic and pharmacological causes. We present a case of an older man who developed progressive choreoathetosis secondary to polycythaemia vera which resolved with serial venesections. The treatment of his underlying condition is discussed.
What Happens to the Heart in Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Rutherford E , Mark PB
Published: June 2017

Cardiovascular disease is common in patients with chronic kidney disease. The increased risk of cardiovascular disease seen in this population is attributable to both traditional and novel vascular risk factors. Risk of sudden cardiac or arrhythmogenic death is greatly exaggerated in chronic kidney disease, particularly in patients with end stage renal disease where the risk is roughly 20 times that of the general population. The reasons for this increased risk are not entirely understood and while atherosclerosis is accelerated in the presence of chronic kidney disease, premature myocardial infarction does not solely account for the excess risk. Recent work demonstrates that the structure and function of the heart starts to alter early in chronic kidney disease, independent of other risk factors. The implications of cardiac remodelling and hypertrophy may predispose chronic kidney disease patients to heart failure, arrhythmia and myocardial ischaemia. Further research is needed to minimise cardiovascular risk associated with structural and functional heart disease associated with chronic kidney disease.
Novel Combined Management Approaches to Patients with Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Spaak J
Published: June 2017

Most patients we care for today suffer from more than one chronic disease and multimorbidity is a rapidly growing challenge. Concomitant cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction and diabetes represent a large proportion of all patients in cardiology, nephrology and diabetology. These entities commonly overlap due to their negative effects on vascular function and an accelerated atherosclerosis progression. At the same time, a progressive subspecialisation has caused the cardiologist to treat 'only’ the heart, nephrologists 'only’ the kidneys and endocrinologists’ 'only’ diabetes. Studies and guidelines follow the same pattern. This often requires patients to visit specialists for each field, with a risk of both under-diagnosis and under-treatment. From the patient's perspective, there is a great need for coordination and facilitation of the care, not only to reduce disease progression but also to improve quality of life. Person-centred integrated clinics for patients with cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction and diabetes are a promising approach for complex chronic disease management.
Secondary inorganic aerosols in Europe: sources and the significant influence of biogenic VOC emissions, especially on ammonium nitrate
Authors: Aksoyoglu Sebnem , Ciarelli Giancarlo , El-Haddad Imad , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Contributions of various anthropogenic sources to the secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) in Europe as well as the role of biogenic emissions on SIA formation were investigated using the three-dimensional regional model CAMx (comprehensive air quality model with extensions). Simulations were carried out for two periods of EMEP field campaigns, February–March 2009 and June 2006, which are representative of cold and warm seasons, respectively. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are known mainly as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but their role on inorganic aerosol formation has not attracted much attention so far. In this study, we showed the importance of the chemical reactions of BVOCs and how they affect the oxidant concentrations, leading to significant changes, especially in the formation of ammonium nitrate. A sensitivity test with doubled BVOC emissions in Europe during the warm season showed a large increase in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations (by about a factor of two), while particulate inorganic nitrate concentrations decreased by up to 35 %, leading to a better agreement between the model results and measurements. Sulfate concentrations decreased as well; the change, however, was smaller. The changes in inorganic nitrate and sulfate concentrations occurred at different locations in Europe, indicating the importance of precursor gases and biogenic emission types for the negative correlation between BVOCs and SIA. Further analysis of the data suggested that reactions of the additional terpenes with nitrate radicals at night were responsible for the decline in inorganic nitrate formation, whereas oxidation of BVOCs with OH radicals led to a decrease in sulfate. Source apportionment results suggest that the main anthropogenic source of precursors leading to formation of particulate inorganic nitrate is road transport (SNAP7; see Table 1 for a description of the categories), whereas combustion in energy and transformation industries (SNAP1) was the most important contributor to sulfate particulate mass. Emissions from international shipping were also found to be very important for both nitrate and sulfate formation in Europe. In addition, we also examined contributions from the geographical source regions to SIA concentrations in the most densely populated region of Switzerland, the Swiss Plateau.
Cyclone-Induced Surface Ozone and HDO Depletion in the Arctic
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyi , Weaver Dan , Bognar Kristof , Manney Gloria , Millán Luis , Yang Xin , Eloranta Edwin , Schneider Matthias , Strong Kimberly
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Ground-based, satellite, and reanalysis datasets were used to identify two similar cyclone-induced surface ozone depletion events at Eureka, Canada (80.1º N, 86.4º W), in March 2007 and April 2011. These two events were coincident with observations of HDO depletion, indicating that condensation and sublimation occurred during the transport of the ozone-depleted airmasses. Ice clouds (vapour and crystals) and aerosols were detected by lidar and radar when the ozone- and HDO-depleted airmasses arrived over Eureka. For the 2007 event, an ice cloud layer was coincident with an aloft ozone depletion layer at 870 m altitude on 2–3 March, indicating this ice cloud layer contained bromine-enriched blowing snow particles. Over the following three days, a shallow surface ozone depletion event (ODE) was observed at Eureka after the precipitation of bromine-enriched particles onto the local snow pack. A chemistry climate model (UKCA) and a chemical transport model (pTOMCAT) were used to simulate the surface ozone depletion events. Incorporating the latest surface snow salinity data obtained for the Weddell Sea into the models resulted in improved agreement between the modelled and measured BrO concentrations above Eureka. MERRA-2 global reanalysis data and the FLEXPART particle dispersion model were used to study the link between the ozone and HDO depletion. In general, the modelled ozone and BrO showed good agreement with the ground-based observations, however the modelled BrO and ozone in the near surface layer are quite sensitive to the snow salinity. HDO depletion observed during these two blowing-snow ODEs was found to be weaker than pure Rayleigh fractionation. This work provides evidence of a blowing-snow sublimation process, which is a key step in producing bromine-enriched sea-salt aerosol.
Brown carbon absorption in the red and near-infrared spectral region
Authors: Hoffer András , Tóth Ádám , Pósfai Mihály , Chung Chul Eddy , Gelencsér András
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosols have often been assumed to be the only light-absorbing carbonaceous particles in the red and near-infrared spectral regions of solar radiation in the atmosphere. Here we report that tar balls (a specific type of organic aerosol particles from biomass burning) do absorb red and near-infrared radiation significantly. Tar balls were produced in a laboratory experiment, and their chemical and optical properties were measured. The absorption of these particles in the range between 470 and 950 nm was measured with an aethalometer, which is widely used to measure atmospheric aerosol absorption. We find that the absorption coefficient of tar balls at 880 nm is more than 10 % of that at 470 nm. The considerable absorption of red and infrared light by tar balls also follows from their relatively low absorption Ångström coefficient (and significant mass absorption coefficient) in the spectral range between 470 and 950 nm. Our results support the previous finding that tar balls may play an important role in global warming. Due to the non-negligible absorption of tar balls in the near-infrared region, the absorption measured in the field at near-infrared wavelengths cannot solely be due to soot particles.
CHIMERE-2017: from urban to hemispheric chemistry-transport modeling
Authors: Mailler Sylvain , Menut Laurent , Khvorostyanov Dmitry , Valari Myrto , Couvidat Florian , Siour Guillaume , Turquety Solène , Briant Régis , Tuccella Paolo , Bessagnet Bertrand , Colette Augustin , Létinois Laurent , Markakis Kostantinos , Meleux Frédérik
Published: June 2017

Abstract. CHIMERE is a chemistry-transport model designed for regional atmospheric composition. It can be used at a variety of scales from local to continental domains. However, due to the model design and its historical use as a regional model, major limitations had remained, hampering its use at hemispheric scale, due to the coordinate system used for transport as well as to missing processes that are important in regions outside Europe. Most of these limitations have been removed in the CHIMERE-2017 version, allowing its use in any region of the world and at any scale, from the scale of a single urban area up to hemispheric scale, with or without polar regions included. Other important improvements have been made in the treatment of the physical processes affecting aerosols and the emissions of mineral dust. From a computational point of view, the parallelization strategy of the model has also been updated in order to improve model numerical performance and reduce the code complexity. The present article describes all these changes. Statistical scores for a model simulation over continental Europe are presented, and a simulation of the circumpolar transport of volcanic ash plume from the Puyehue volcanic eruption in June 2011 in Chile provides a test case for the new model version at hemispheric scale.
Transient modeling of the ground thermal conditions using satellite data in the Lena River delta, Siberia
Authors: Westermann Sebastian , Peter Maria , Langer Moritz , Schwamborn Georg , Schirrmeister Lutz , Etzelmüller Bernd , Boike Julia
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Permafrost is a sensitive element of the cryosphere, but operational monitoring of the ground thermal conditions on large spatial scales is still lacking. Here, we demonstrate a remote-sensing-based scheme that is capable of estimating the transient evolution of ground temperatures and active layer thickness by means of the ground thermal model CryoGrid 2. The scheme is applied to an area of approximately 16 000 km2 in the Lena River delta (LRD) in NE Siberia for a period of 14 years. The forcing data sets at 1 km spatial and weekly temporal resolution are synthesized from satellite products and fields of meteorological variables from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. To assign spatially distributed ground thermal properties, a stratigraphic classification based on geomorphological observations and mapping is constructed, which accounts for the large-scale patterns of sediment types, ground ice and surface properties in the Lena River delta. A comparison of the model forcing to in situ measurements on Samoylov Island in the southern part of the study area yields an acceptable agreement for the purpose of ground thermal modeling, for surface temperature, snow depth, and timing of the onset and termination of the winter snow cover. The model results are compared to observations of ground temperatures and thaw depths at nine sites in the Lena River delta, suggesting that thaw depths are in most cases reproduced to within 0.1 m or less and multi-year averages of ground temperatures within 1–2 °C. Comparison of monthly average temperatures at depths of 2–3 m in five boreholes yielded an RMSE of 1.1 °C and a bias of −0.9 °C for the model results. The highest ground temperatures are calculated for grid cells close to the main river channels in the south as well as areas with sandy sediments and low organic and ice contents in the central delta, where also the largest thaw depths occur. On the other hand, the lowest temperatures are modeled for the eastern part, which is an area with low surface temperatures and snow depths. The lowest thaw depths are modeled for Yedoma permafrost featuring very high ground ice and soil organic contents in the southern parts of the delta. The comparison to in situ observations indicates that transient ground temperature modeling forced by remote-sensing data is generally capable of estimating the thermal state of permafrost (TSP) and its time evolution in the Lena River delta. The approach could hence be a first step towards remote detection of ground thermal conditions and active layer thickness in permafrost areas.
Numerical homogenization of the viscoplastic behavior of snow based on X-ray tomography images
Authors: Wautier Antoine , Geindreau Christian , Flin Frédéric
Published: June 2017

Abstract. While the homogenization of snow elastic properties has been widely reported in the literature, homogeneous rate-dependent behavior responsible for the densification of the snowpack has hardly ever been upscaled from snow microstructure. We therefore adapt homogenization techniques developed within the framework of elasticity to the study of snow viscoplastic behavior. Based on the definition of kinematically uniform boundary conditions, homogenization problems are applied to 3-D images obtained from X-ray tomography, and the mechanical response of snow samples is explored for several densities. We propose an original post-processing approach in terms of viscous dissipated powers in order to formulate snow macroscopic behavior. Then, we show that Abouaf models are able to capture snow viscoplastic behavior and we formulate a homogenized constitutive equation based on a density parametrization. Eventually, we demonstrate the ability of the proposed models to account for the macroscopic mechanical response of snow for classical laboratory tests.
La evolución del Bloque Nacionalista Galego, desde la perspectiva del “lugar”
Authors: Pastor Verdú Jaime
Published: June 2017

María Lois (2015) Construir Galicia(s). Lugar, elecciones y política nacionalista. Madrid: Trama editorial. 291 pp. ISBN 978-84-943800-7-5.
Ocorrência de doença periodontal, cárie e perda dentária em tabagistas pacientes de uma clínica-escola de Odontologia no sul do estado de Minas Gerais: estudo caso-controle
Authors: Barros Letizia Monteiro , Gouvêa Marília Gomes , Reis Ingrid Sabrina Moura , Bueris Jacqueline De Carvalho , Pereira Laís De Lima , Silva Roberta Bessa Veloso
Published: June 2017

Objetivo: comparar a ocorrência de doença periodontal, cárie e perda dentária em tabagistas de ambos os gêneros, adultos, admitidos para tratamento odontológico integrado em uma escola de odontologia, comparados a um grupo-controle não tabagista. Métodos: foram avaliados exames clínicos dentários e periodontais em prontuários de 31 pacientes fumantes e de 46 não fumantes, quanto à ocorrência de: sangramento e/ou supuração gengival; perda de suporte periodontal
por bolsa ou retração gengival; hipermobilidade dentária; dentes cariados, restaurados e dentes perdidos. Para comparar as médias entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste t de Student (p≤ 0,005) e a correlação entre as variáveis foi obtida por análise multivariada. Resultados:
os tabagistas relataram fumar, em média, 11,32 ± 8,599 cigarros/dia, sendo que 54,83% deles fumavam mais de 10 cigarros/dia. Observou-se que as variáveis: número de dentes com perda de inserção, bolsa periodontal, retração gengival, hipermobilidade, sangramento/
supuração, perda média de inserção (em mm) e idade estão altamente correlacionadas e são diretamente proporcionais. O número de dentes hígidos foi inversamente proporcional à idade e o índice de placa
correlacionou-se com o número de dentes cariados, perdidos e com cálculo. Entretanto, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos para nenhum parâmetro, exceto quanto à perda dentária, com os fumantes apresentando, em média, mais
dentes perdidos do que os não fumantes (p=0,0171). Conclusão: o tabagismo não influenciou significativamente na ocorrência de cárie ou de doença periodontal na população estudada, porém os fumantes têm maior perda dentária do que os não fumantes, e deveriam ser aconselhados a abandonar o tabaco.
Comparison of simple efficient clinical and self-reported predictors of mortality in a National United States Cohort
Authors: Kaplan Robert M. , Howard Virginia J. , Manly Jennifer J. , Howard George
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To compare the relative value of simple efficient methods for predicting mortality.Methods: We compared three clinical (blood pressure, blood glucose, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL] cholesterol) and three self-reported (smoking, educational attainment and self-reported health) prospectively measured predictors of mortality in a cohort of 30,239 white and black adults who were 45 years of age or older at enrollment between 2003-2007. Survival was modeled using proportional hazards analysis and the c-statistic was used to evaluate information provided by each measure.Results: Information on all variables and follow up was available for 27,482 (91%), and among these, there were 4,409 (16%) deaths over an average of 7.6 years. The clinical measures of blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol were modestly good predictors of short-term survival (for each, p < .01). However, simple one-item self-reports provided better prediction of mortality than the clinical indicators. The Age-Sex Race (ASR) adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR) for self-reported current smoking in contrast to not smoking (2.43, CI: 2.25-2.63) self-rating of health as poor in contrast to excellent (HR = 6.26, CI: 5.42-7.23), and less than high school education versus collage graduation (HR = 2.21, CI: 2.01-2.42) were all highly significant.Conclusion: Simple one-item self-reports may be undervalued as meaningful predictors of longevity.
Salivary proline rich peptide decreases cell growth in HCC38 triple negative breast cancer cell line
Authors: Streckfus Charles F. , Arreola Daniel , Streckfus Cynthia G. , Bigler Lenora R.
Published: June 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effects of p1978 on the growth rate of a triple receptor negative breast cancer cell line.Methods: Three cell lines, 185B5 normal tissue, HCC38, and AU585, were seeded with peptide p1978. Corresponding plates were seeded with PBS to serve as controls. Baseline line cell counts were taken at 30% confluence prior to seeding. Counts were again made 48 hours later.Results: The HCC38 cell line showed decreased growth when exposed to the low and high dose of p1978 peptide.Conclusion: The results suggest that p1978 may have potential in treating triple receptor negative breast cancer.
The correlation between death anxiety and anxiety in elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Nal B. , Aydın Avcı I. , Ayyildiz M.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This study aims to determine the correlation between death anxiety and anxiety in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and methods: This study has been conducted on the individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were over 65 years. They received outpatient and inpatient treatment at a hospital. 171 elderly persons that were determined via power analysis were included in the research. Data was collected using a survey form, Death Anxiety Scale, State Anxiety Scale, and Trait anxiety scale. We used the following test statistics: t-test, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis Variance Analysis, and Pearson Correlation Test analysis. Results: 66.1 percent (113) of the participants are male and 33.9%(58) female; mean age is 726.83. The mean death anxiety score of the participants is 9.044.02. The mean State Anxiety score of elderly individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is 44.81.29; the trait anxiety mean score is 48.851.13. In those chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, we found a significant (p<0.001) correlation between state and trait anxiety, and that the latter two are high in cases where death anxiety is high. Conclusion: We found that death anxiety and anxiety are high in patients with COPD.
HIV and other STI public prevention campaigns: Vain endeavours to break risky new trends in view of blending sex and drugs
Authors: Dennin RH.
Published: June 2017

Although at the global level the incidence of HIV has declined there are contrary trends gaining momentum. Unimpressed by public prevention campaigns certain groups belonging to the ‘at-risk' population are engaging in risky sexual behaviour and concomitant misuse of illicit drugs thereby potentiating the odds of spreading HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The blending of drug misuse with substantial risky sexual behaviour increases those risks and creates an almost inseparable complexity. Group-sex settings of this kind are partly organised via national and international social networks. Those people engaged in this modern trend mostly present with various health impairments thereafter, such as unconsciousness or confusion, often rendering them unable to adhere to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) if they are HIV-infected. These people staunchly refuse to cooperate with prevention messages. Thereby public prevention efforts to curb the spread of HIV are largely wasted. But it is not just the individual’s issue; if developments of this kind are not contained serious challenges with HIV and other STIs might arise for these communities
Contrast induced acute kidney injury – is it a real problem these days?
Authors: Musiałowski P. , Musiałowska D. , Gościk E , Małyszko J
Published: June 2017

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is proven risk factor associated with higher mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. The widespread use contrast media opens the discussion about the acute kidney injury as a result of used contrast - contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN is defined as an acute, generally reversible decline in renal function that occurs 48-72 hours after intravascular injection of contrast medium. Pre-existing renal insufficiency is characterised independent risk factor for occurrence of CI-AKI, other factors,such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, advanced age or hemodynamic instability increase the risk of AKI, but are not characterized as independent risk factors. Published new large retrospective single-center studies presented equal risk of AKI among patients receiving contrast enhanced computer tomography if compared to unenhanced computer tomography, based on serum creatinine levels. In our review we would like to present a persisting the problem of CIN after intravenous (iv) as well intra-arterial contrast media administration
Precarious Employment and Difficult Daily Commutes
Authors: Premji Stéphanie
Published: June 2017

Precarious employment is on the rise in Canada, increasing by nearly 50% in the last two decades. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which it can impact upon geographical mobility. Employment-related geographical mobility refers to mobility to, from and between workplaces, as well as mobility as part of work. We report on a qualitative study conducted among 27 immigrant men and women in Toronto that investigates the relationship between precarious employment and daily commutes while exploring the ways in which gender, class and migration structure this relationship.

Interview data reveal that participants were largely unable to work where they lived or live where they worked. Their precarious jobs were characterized by conditions that resulted in long, complex, unfamiliar, unsafe and expensive commutes. These commuting difficulties, in turn, resulted in participants having to refuse or quit jobs, including desirable jobs, or being unable to engage in labour market strategies that could improve their employment conditions (e.g. taking courses, volunteering, etc.). Participants’ commuting difficulties were amplified by the delays, infrequency, unavailability and high cost of public transportation. These dynamics disproportionately and/or differentially impacted certain groups of workers.

Precarious work has led to workers having to absorb an ever-growing share of the costs associated with their employment, underscored in our study as time, effort and money spent travelling to and from work. We discuss the forces that underlie the spatial patterning of work and workers in Toronto, namely the growing income gap and the increased polarization among neighbourhoods that has resulted in low-income immigrants increasingly moving from the centre to the edges of the city. We propose policy recommendations for public transportation, employment, housing and child care that can help alleviate some of the difficulties described.
Science asservie et invisibilité des cancers professionnels : études de cas dans le secteur minier en France
Authors: Thébaud-Mony Annie
Published: June 2017

Depuis plus d’un siècle, l’évolution de la recherche concernant la santé publique, en général, et les risques du travail, en particulier, est largement dominée par les besoins et stratégies des industriels. Ceux-ci interviennent, non seulement dans le financement des études menées, mais aussi dans leur conception, parvenant à faire subsister le doute là où la mise en danger est manifeste. L’un des principaux points d’appui de cette incertitude indéfiniment reconduite réside dans l’invisibilité des pathologies liées au travail, en particulier les cancers professionnels.

S’appuyant sur des enquêtes pluridisciplinaires en sciences sociales et sciences de la vie — qui mettent en question le modèle dominant monocausal de compréhension des liens entre cancer et facteurs de risque — la première partie de cet article démontre comment une interprétation réductrice de la causalité du cancer permet cette incertitude indéfiniment reconduite, inscrite dans le « paradigme du doute », tout en faisant obstacle à la connaissance et à la reconnaissance des cancers professionnels. Deux études de cas dans le secteur minier français illustrent ensuite la remise en cause, toujours possible, de la dangerosité de cancérogènes parfaitement identifiés, et le déni de droits à la reconnaissance en maladie professionnelle des travailleurs atteints, les maintenant dans l’invisibilité.

Ainsi, le paradigme du doute, qui domine la santé publique, permet-il aux industriels, mais aussi aux acteurs étatiques — aujourd’hui comme hier —, de s’appuyer sur l’incertitude pour envisager favorablement la réouverture de sites miniers dans des régions habitées, sans prise en compte des enjeux sanitaires. L’épidémie de cancer ne cesse de progresser atteignant, en France, une incidence estimée de 385 000 nouveaux cas par an en 2015 (contre 150 000 en 1984). Mais le doute entretenu sur les effets sanitaires de risques industriels, dont les dangers sont pourtant avérés, favorise encore actuellement la poursuite des conditions de production de cancers futurs, en particulier chez les premiers concernés par l’exposition aux cancérogènes, à savoir les travailleurs.
Épidémiologie des troubles dépressifs et anxieux chez les enfants et les adolescents québécois
Authors: Piché Geneviève , Cournoyer Marilou , Bergeron Lise , Clément Marie-Ève , Smolla Nicole
Published: June 2017

L’épidémiologie de la santé mentale des enfants et des adolescents est une discipline relativement récente et souvent méconnue, notamment au Québec. Certains travaux ont cependant permis d’estimer la prévalence des troubles mentaux les plus fréquents chez les jeunes, tels que les troubles anxieux et dépressifs, ainsi que les caractéristiques individuelles, familiales et socioéconomiques qui y sont associées. Cet article poursuit deux objectifs : présenter une recension des principaux résultats de recherche en épidémiologie pédopsychiatrique au Québec et mettre en évidence l’apport de ces résultats pour la santé publique. Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, cet article présente les résultats de recherche en lien avec trois thématiques : 1) la mesure et l’identification des troubles anxieux et dépressifs chez les enfants et les adolescents ; 2) la prévalence de ces troubles et la comorbidité ; 3) les variables associées aux troubles anxieux et dépressifs identifiées dans les études épidémiologiques. Les auteurs souligneront les implications futures de ces résultats à travers les politiques québécoises dans le domaine de la santé publique.