bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Claire White’s An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Martin Luther H.
Published: August 2022

In this commentary on Claire White’s An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion: Connecting Evolution, Brain, Cognition, and Culture (London: Routledge, 2021), I contrast the circuitous way in which I (and probably a number of others) initially came to teach cognitive science of religion (CSR) at the undergraduate university level with the more direct (and knowledgeable) way in which White came to do so. I then briefly discuss her comprehensive and coherent presentation of the CSR, noting, however, several issues with which I have problems (fractionation, an ahistorical “presentist” bias, and whether or not an “agnostic” view of religious teachings should remain the norm in the modern university curricula). Nevertheless, White’s Introduction is a most welcome and long-overdue contribution to the academic study of religion, the 150-year trajectory of which has been characterized by an anti-scientific history.
Some Vision Impairments in the Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Purzycki Benjamin Grant , Bendixen Theiss
Published: August 2022

In this review, we discuss three vision impairments in the cognitive science of religious beliefs. We first assess the CSR’s improvements upon previous generations’ “mindblindness.” We also address “contextblindness,” the CSR’s relative lack of focus on the extant environment’s role in the formation and retention of religious beliefs. Finally, we address the problem of the CSR’s “ecoblindness,” that is, ignoring how beliefs are aligned with the distribution of resources.
How Cognitive Is the Cognitive Science of Religion?
Authors: Kundtová Klocová Eva
Published: August 2022

In this commentary on An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion by Claire White, I reflect on how the lack of clarification of a key concept, i.e., cognition, leads to a distorted image of the field. This is because different strands of research can now be represented in a cognitivist context. I also ask to what extent this field is still concerned with research on cognitive mechanisms and constraints and whether the cognitivist paradigm truly represents most of the field. I argue that other theoretical frameworks, such as predictive coding theory, cultural evolution, and complex adaptive systems are recently of importance in the CSR and should be rendered in similar detail as the “standard model” of the CSR framework. I further suggest that some shortcomings in the explicit communication of conceptual definitions may be to blame for theoretical misunderstandings and a feeling of a biased image of the discipline.
Brief Overview of Claire White’s An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion
Authors: Geertz Armin W.
Published: August 2022

This article provides a brief overview of Claire White’s An Introduction to the Cognitive Science of Religion for the benefit of readers who have not had access to the book but are interested in following the critical discussion raised in this issue
Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities for Improved Lawn Weed Management: Insights from U.S. Lawn Care Operators
Authors: Ervin David E. , Dixon Lori Mitchell , Montry Andrew , Patton Aaron J. , Bowling Becky , Elmore Matthew T. , Gannon Travis W. , Kaminski John E. , Kowalewski Alec R. , McCurdy Jay D. , McElroy J. Scott , Unruh J. Bryan , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V.
Published: August 2022

Lawns provide valuable ecological, economic and social services. Both the quantity and quality of the turfgrass affect the level of the services delivered. Unwanted weed infestations can degrade lawn quality and decrease the value of these services for lawn users and others. For example,
Brosnan et al. reported that athletic fields with weed cover not only decreased aesthetic quality but also resulted in increased surface hardness and a concomitant increase in potential athlete injuries and soil erosion. Contemporary research pertaining to pest influences on lawn quality
and management responses is sparse. We hope to begin filling that gap with findings from a recent study of U.S. lawn care operators about the challenges and opportunities omanaging Poa annua, an emergent threat to sustainable lawn management (USDA-NIFA Specialty Crops Research Initiative
(SCRI) Grants Program (award #: 2018-51181-28436). Estimates for residential- and commercial-lawn cover in the United States (U.S.) range from 58,000 km2 to 120,000 km2 with total turfgrass cover (inclusive of golf courses, parks, schools, roadsides) estimated at 163,800
km2. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) estimated that there are 20,436 km2 of grassed rights of way (roadsides) in the U.S. The total U.S. urban area in 2010 was estimated at 802,053 km2. Together, we can estimate turf cover between 7 and 18% of U.S urban areas,
including lawns as the primary turf surface along with parks, athletic fields, golf courses, and roadsides. The professional lawn care industry employed 295,000 workers and represented an $18.5 billion market value in 2002. Despite its size, the U.S. lawn care industry defies simple
characterization in part due to its heterogeneity. Lawns may provide valuable ecosystem services, including wildlife habitat, water infiltration, and moderation of the urban heat-island effect as well as aesthetics and open space for recreation. Apart from offering economic and ecological
services, lawns and their management can be an important component of community social character and culture. Effective weed management in lawns assures sustainable delivery of all of these services, such that lawns are uniform and free from potentially troublesome weed species, such as Poa
annua which ranks as the #1 most troublesome weed in turfgrass systems.
Criticisms About Pesticide Use
Authors: Matthews Graham
Published: August 2022

Recently there has been more complaints about how pesticides are used throughout the World with concerns about their presence in soils, in harvested produce and the possibility that various illnesses were caused by exposure to pesticides. The initial criticisms date back to Rachel Carson
(1962) who was concerned about the impact of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. This led to the establishing of the Rotterdam Convention about the movement of highly hazardous pesticides and established standards of information exchange, essentially to warn countries not to
import these chemicals. A subsequent Stockholm convention considered the wider problem of persistent chemicals in the environment. Nevertheless, the agrochemical industry has continued to market a wide range of these pesticides. In the countries with a more temperate climate, the requirement
of training those applying the pesticides, usually with tractor equipment and use of protective clothing, problems caused by using many pesticides have not been so evident compared with more tropical countries, using mostly manually carried and operated sprayers with little or no training
on how or when pesticides should be applied.
Home / Archives / Vol 10 No 3 (2022) / Problema voluminis
The Historical Experience of Reforming Russia in M. M. Speransky’s Projects and Notes
Authors: Andreeva Tatiana
Published: August 2022

This article studies the historical basis of M. M. Speransky’s legislative projects and notes, the definition of features of historicism, and the identification of distinctive features of his concept and periodisation of the history of Russia. The most significant feature of Speransky’s historicism was a juridical view of the Russian past and also the fact that he regarded the Russian historical process as the evolution of legislation in close connection with the development of statehood. Special attention is paid to Speransky’s assessments of the modernisation processes of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the significance of domestic codes and, more particularly, the Regulations of 1649. Also, the author focuses on the role of the “reformers on the throne”, i. e. Peter I and Catherine II in developing domestic legislation and improving public administration. The reformer considered the governmental search for the ordering and systematisation of laws over the 100 years of the imperial period a single integral process and an integral part of Russian modernisation, and associated it with the reform of the administrative system of the empire. Nevertheless, he is characterised by a cautious and balanced attitude to the transformative legacy of the preceding eras. The ambiguity of Speransky’s historical assessments relied on the combination of Western-inspired and original tendencies in his historical consciousness. At the same time, the paper shows that his restrained characteristics of unsuccessful experiments on the creation of a new Code, the consequences and results of institutional reforms resulted from the official compromise-driven concept of state-building according to Western models with their adaptation to national conditions, which caused the Russian development model to catch up.
Commission as an Extraordinary Form of Management in the Russian Empire (a Crimean Version)
Authors: Kravchuk Alexandr
Published: August 2022

This article considers the history of conflict resolution between different classes of the Taurida population between the late eighteenth and first quarter of the nineteenth centuries. The contentions arose because of land redistribution after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire. Another purpose of this article is to consider the history of the Commission as a specific institution of state power, which was created to solve the most difficult problems of public administration. In this study, the author proposes a new approach to assessing the activities of land commissions that operated in Crimea. The author concludes that there was a unique situation in Taurida, where traditional levers of checks and balances existing in most regions of the Russian Empire did not work. Consequently, the local population classes protected their interests at all costs. It led to the collapse of the regional administrative system. The commissions were engaged in solving this problem in 1802–1810 and 1816–1819. These institutions established a direct dialogue between the centre and the participants of the conflicts, avoiding the bureaucratic system that was quite often a part of the conflict. The success of the commissions directly depended on its personnel. The personal strategies and motivations of the commission members were crucial because their opinion was decisive. The main task of the commissions was to ensure order and mutual understanding between different groups of the population but not to make fair decisions. The Crimean Tatars, nobility, and bureaucracy participated in the conflicts. The centre had to balance between their interests, which influenced the decisions made. Frequently, they tried to freeze conflicts and leave their solution for the future. It often happened when disputes concerned the local bureaucracy and the most prominent representatives of the nobility. The research methods rely on the general historical principles of academic objectivity and consistency. The article refers to archival materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive and the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea.
State Factory Clerks in the Urals in the Petrine Era: Recruitment and Working and Living Conditions
Authors: Safronova Alevtina
Published: August 2022

Clerks working at state plants of the Urals during the 1720s constituted a social stratum. The number of clerks was growing considerably due to the intensive construction of plants, the opening of several plants a year, the rapidly expanding system of management bodies of the mining department, and the increase in the flow of documentation. One of the peculiarities of the formation of the corps of clerks in the mining department was extensive regulation of their behaviour and working activities. Vasily Tatishchev did it through his orders to the factory commissar in 1721 and 1723, which revealed his talent as an administrator. Referring to these documents and archival sources, the author conducts a comprehensive examination of the position of Ural clerks in the 1720s describing their number, the difficulties of forming their staff, working hours, salaries, the system of punishment, living conditions, and other components of their everyday life. The author demonstrates that the clerks’ workload grew constantly as specialists were scarce while the number of documents increased. Plants had difficulty replenishing their staff as province and uyezd civil institutions refused to share their specialists with mining administrations. The author concludes that working conditions for clerks kept deteriorating drastically as higher and central bodies demanded that they draw up and send reports on the operation of the plants, introduction of plants of new kinds, forms, and changes in the dispatch times. Finally, the author characterises instances of pay checkages caused by the clerks’ inability to draw up reports on time. Also, they were at times deprived of half of their payments or kept under surveillance and chained until they completed urgent work.
A Fundamental Example of Bibliographic Perfectionism
Authors: Kurmaev Mikhail
Published: August 2022

This review summarises the contents of the consolidated catalogue by A. I. Razdorsky which contains printed all-subject reports of governors-general, governors, and city managers of the Russian Empire between 1845 and 1916 (St Petersburg, 2020). The author-compiler of this handbook published by the St Petersburg publisher Dmitry Bulanin describes 2,309 reports, which have had limited circulation and are preserved mainly in the Russian State Historical Archive. The book characterises their content and substantiates their scholarly value as sources of information on the state of various subjects of the Russian Empire. The reports (handwritten, typed, and printed) were official documents that reflected the views of the higher Russian bureaucracy on the processes taking place in the political, economic, and cultural life of the country in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The consolidated catalogue is intended as a guide amongst a vast, poorly studied, and highly informative conglomerate of printed reports. The information from these publications needs to be thoroughly analysed and researched at the current stage.
Continuidade e coordenação do cuidado: interface conceitual e contribuições dos enfermeiros
Authors: Santos Mariana Timmers dos , Halberstadt Bruna Marta Kleinert , Trindade Clediane Rita Portalupi da , Lima Maria Alice Dias da Silva , Aued Gisele Knop
Published: August 2022

RESUMO Estudo teórico-reflexivo, com objetivo de discutir os conceitos de continuidade e coordenação do cuidado, sua interface conceitual e ações de enfermeiros para sua efetivação nos serviços de saúde, com base em publicações científicas internacionais e nacionais. Os conceitos são estudados há décadas e, embora sejam inter-relacionados, observa-se sua utilização de maneira semelhante, indicando falta de entendimento conceitual. O conceito de continuidade teve mudanças de paradigma e passou a adotar a perspectiva dos pacientes. Atualmente, envolve domínios interpessoal, longitudinal, gerencial e informacional. Coordenação consiste em estabelecer conexões entre os possíveis elementos envolvidos no cuidado. Classifica-se como horizontal e vertical e está organizada em categorias: sequencial, paralela e indireta. Enfermeiros destacam-se por meio de ações voltadas à coordenação e continuidade nos diferentes níveis de atenção, o que contribui para o fortalecimento do cuidado coeso e centrado nas pessoas. A interface entre conceitos indica que, para o alcance de serviços integrados e contínuos, continuidade e coordenação do cuidado precisam estar interligadas e atuar em conjunto.
Classical Planning in Deep Latent Space
Authors: Asai Masataro , Kajino Hiroshi , Fukunaga Alex , Muise Christian
Published: August 2022

Current domain-independent, classical planners require symbolic models of the problem domain and instance as input, resulting in a knowledge acquisition bottleneck. Meanwhile, although deep learning has achieved significant success in many fields, the knowledge is encoded in a subsymbolic representation which is incompatible with symbolic systems such as planners. We propose Latplan, an unsupervised architecture combining deep learning and classical planning. Given only an unlabeled set of image pairs showing a subset of transitions allowed in the environment (training inputs), Latplan learns a complete propositional PDDL action model of the environment. Later, when a pair of images representing the initial and the goal states (planning inputs) is given, Latplan finds a plan to the goal state in a symbolic latent space and returns a visualized plan execution. We evaluate Latplan using image-based versions of 6 planning domains: 8-puzzle, 15-Puzzle, Blocksworld, Sokoban and Two variations of LightsOut.
Joint Optimization of Concave Scalarized Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning with Policy Gradient Based Algorithm
Authors: Bai Qinbo , Agarwal Mridul , Aggarwal Vaneet
Published: August 2022

Many engineering problems have multiple objectives, and the overall aim is to optimize a non-linear function of these objectives. In this paper, we formulate the problem of maximizing a non-linear concave function of multiple long-term objectives. A policy-gradient based model-free algorithm is proposed for the problem. To compute an estimate of the gradient, an asymptotically biased estimator is proposed. The proposed algorithm is shown to achieve convergence to within an ε of the global optima after sampling O(M4 σ2/(1-γ)8ε4) trajectories where γ is the discount factor and M is the number of the agents, thus achieving the same dependence on ε as the policy gradient algorithm for the standard reinforcement learning.
Mercosur en el nuevo escenario latinoamericano
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Hurtado Briceño Alberto José , Mirabelli Roberto Javier ,   Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Ruiz Camacho Paula ,   Universidad Externado de Colombia, Álvarez María Victoria ,   Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Zerpa de Hurtado Sadcidi ,   Universidad de Los Andes, Pasquariello Mariano Karina Lilia ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Borges Junqueira Cairo Gabriel ,   Universidad Federal del Sergipe, Sacristán Rodríguez Claudia Patricia ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, López-Leyva Santos ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Félix-Jaramillo Karla Verónica ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Published: August 2022

Este libro tiene por objetivo analizar el rol del Mercosur como vector de la integración latinoamericana. Para ello, se analizan las relaciones comerciales y de cooperación del bloque regional sudamericano con otros bloques, como la Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático (ASEAN), la Unión Europea (UE) y la Alianza del Pacífico. Se estudian los esfuerzos de liberalización del comercio electrónico en los procesos de integración de América Latina, la migración venezolana a países partes y asociados del Mercosur, la cooperación sur-sur en América Latina, la integración regional como mecanismo para el desarrollo sostenible latinoamericano, la armonización y potencial convergencia de los sistemas tributarios entre Mercosur y Alianza del Pacífico, y el contexto de despolitización del regionalismo postliberal y las perspectivas de repolitización. Los resultados permiten destacar que el Mercosur, por el tiempo transcurrido desde su creación, sus características, su composición y el tipo de relación con el resto del mundo, adquiere un papel relevante como aglutinador de fuerzas que lo llevan a constituirse en un actor central en el futuro de la integración latinoamericana.
Effect of Proprioceptive Training on Kinesiophobia and Balance in Geriatric Population
Authors:   BPT Intern, MGM Allied Health Sciences Institute, MGM Medical College, Indore (MP), India., Saluja Pavneet Singh , Sharma Mayuri ,   Demonstrator, Physiotherapy, MGM Allied Health Sciences Institute, MGM Medical College, Indore (MP), India.
Published: August 2022

Background: The ageing process reduces sensory and motor capabilities such as balance & also increases the fear of movement, resulting in a high number of falls among the elderly. Some therapeutic interventions can directly interrupt this process and improves balance and kinesiophobia. This study examines the effect of proprioceptive training on both. Objective: To determine the effect of proprioceptive training on kinesiophobia and balance in geriatric population. Methodology: A random sample consisting of 17 community dwelling elderly participants were recruited from an old age home in Indore. The inclusion criteria were people aged 60 and above, with a history of fall. All the participants were trained under a 6 week proprioception training program using Swiss ball . The proprioceptive exercises were progressed according to the participant’s response. Participants were evaluated pre and post intervention for kinesiophobia using Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and for Balance using Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Result: Pre and post intervention comparison of TAMPA shows an average improvement of 18 with t value 33.613, p <0.05, which shows a significant decrease in kinesiophobia after the treatment. Pre and post intervention comparison of BBS shows an average improvement of 14.941 with t value 28.465, p <0.05, which shows a significant improvement in balance after the treatment. Conclusion: The study provides evidence for the efficacy of proprioception training on Kinesiophobia and Balance in geriatric population. KEY WORDS: Kinesiophobia, Balance, Proprioception Training, Geriatric Population.
Significance of Physiotherapy Management in Polyneuropathy in Pediatric Patient with CKD: A Case Report
Authors:   MPT Student (Cardiopulmonary Sciences), College of Physiotherapy Institute of Kidney diseases and research centre - Institute of Transplantation Sciences [IKDRC-ITS], Gujarat university of transplantation sciences [GUTS], Ahmedaba, Gujarat India., Shah Pooja , Tiwari Bharat ,   BPT, MPT, PhD Scholar, Institute- Head of the department at College of Physiotherapy IKDRC-ITS, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India., Vala Kinnari ,   MD Pediatrics,  Fellowship in Pediatrics Nephrology, Associate Professor at  IKDRC-ITS, GUTS, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India., Saha Anshuman ,   MD Pediatrics, Fellowship in Pediatrics Nephrology, Associate Professor IKDRC-ITS, GUTS, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India., Shah Harda ,   BPT, MPT, PhD Scholar, Institute- Senior lecturer at College of Physiotherapy IKDRC-ITS, GUTS, Ahmedabad 380016, Gujarat India.
Published: August 2022

A 10year old female with polyneuropathy associated with chronic kidney disease presented with knee joint pain, bilateral ankle joint stiffness, numbness in distal extremities and had difficulty in walking without assistance. She was on maintenance hemodialysis twice a week. Her comorbidity included hypertension. She was almost bed bound and dependent with respect to all activities of daily living. Examinations revealed generalized muscle weakness, poor balance and diffused DTRs. The NCV study showed motor sensory axonal neuropathy. Polyneuropathies could be a consequence of systemic illness. In case like such coordination of clinical care becomes the crucial component in management. Multifactorial exercise rehabilitation improved muscle strength, functional ability and fatigue along with pain relief. Exercise is a supportive therapy for neuropathic patients associated with CKD that ought to be viewed more in a serious way. KEY WORDS: Polyneuropathy, Chronic kidney disease, Physical exercise.
Effectiveness of High Intensity Hilthera 4.0 Laser Treatment on Patients with Plantar Fasciitis
Authors:   Primary Care Physician, HOD - Physio at Work, Menara group, Malaysia, khan Azmi Abdul , Wanho Kim ,   Orthopedic Facility, Kim Wanho Orthopedic Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Venga Srikanth Babu ,   Chief Physiotherapist, Physio at Work, Menara Group, Malaysia, Shaik Rasool ,   Primary Care Physician, Group Managing Director – Menara Group, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. Conservative lines of treatment include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, Physiotherapy, stretching exercises and using heel pads or orthotics. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of high intensity Hilthera 4.0 laser treatment on pain and functional capacity in patients with acute plantar fasciitis. Total 30 participants were randomly recruited and were evaluated before the first treatment session and after 8 sessions of treatment with Hilthera 4.0 Laser. Treatment Parameters are frequency (Hz) 25, one shot emission (MJ) 500, and a total energy 3000W for 15 minutes each session. Outcome measures are VAS score for measuring Pain and Foot Function Index score for measuring Foot Function. IBM SPSS version 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Paired sample t-tests are used to measure the pre and post test results. Results shows that there is a significant difference in VAS Score and Foot Function Score pre and post treatment with ‘p’ value < 0.05 when Hilthera 4.0 laser is used for pain and Foot function in patients with Plantar Fasciitis. In conclusion Hilthera 4.0 Laser Therapy is effective in treating pain and Functional limitation in patients with Plantar Fasciitis. KEY WORDS: Plantar Fasciitis, Hilthera 4.0 Laser Therapy, VAS Score, Foot Function Index Score
Handling Feet: Roman Jugs as an Example of the Significance of Roman Foot-Shaped Artefacts
Authors: Shaw Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Roman jugs with handles terminating in human feet exemplify artefacts representing feet and footwear. Using a ‘bricolage’ of archaeological theory that includes object biography and contextual archaeology, this paper explores the many facets of significance attached to such artefacts through the case study of foot-handled jugs. By assembling a corpus, patterns of geographical and chronological distribution can be examined. The setting in which the jugs were found provides evidence for their possible significance, with many coming from religious or funerary contexts. Some were deposited in watery settings, maybe as ritual offerings. Foot-handled jugs are often found as part of valuable assemblages. The feet on the handles may be an amusing change from the more usual heads, or they may stand synecdochically for deities such as Isis or Mercury. The feet may also serve an apotropaic function. The jugs demonstrate how varied and multi-layered the symbolism of Roman foot-shaped artefacts is.
Pre-Positioning and Cross-Border Financial Intermediation
Authors: Tabor Nicholas K. , Zhang Jeffery Y.
Published: August 2022

The benefits of cross-border financial activity are wide-ranging, from greater competition and more efficient markets to broader and more stable access to capital. During normal economic times, the official sector and private sector share an incentive to foster such cross-border financial activities. During a financial crisis, however, the short-term alignment of official- and private-sector incentives can diverge—sometimes significantly. We present a game-theoretic model of the underlying trade-offs and discuss lessons for international financial regulators, placing them in the context of the 2008 financial crisis, when challenges in cross-border cooperation both channeled and amplified financial stress. We also discuss the critical unfinished business of post-crisis regulatory measures to improve oversight of internationally active financial institutions.
Financial Failure and Depositor Quality: Evidence from Building and Loan Associations in California
Authors: Messer Todd
Published: August 2022

Flightiness, or depositor sensitivity to liquidity needs, can be an important determinant of financial distress. I leverage institutional differences that attract depositors with varying flightiness across building and loan associations in California during the Great Depression. A new type of plan, the Dayton plan, involved less restrictive savings plans and lower withdrawal penalties. Dayton plans in California were more likely to close during the Great Depression. Archival evidence on lending rates and returns supports the flightiness mechanism.
Contraction of aqueous solutions of alcohols, salts acids and bases
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Kostarev Konstantin G. , Torokhova Svetlana V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS
Published: August 2022

One of the promising directions in modeling of mass transfer in microgravity is the use of heterogeneous fluid systems with the same initial density. However, in most cases the application of this approach is prevented by the contraction effect, which is a non-additive variation of the mixture volume (and, accordingly, mixture density) due to a change in the concentration of one of its components. The cause of the contraction is the appearance of compounds made up of the solute molecules / ions and solvent molecules due to the formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction. Unfortunately, the prediction of the contraction effect is complicated by the lack of the relevant information for most liquid systems. To eliminate this drawback, the contraction of the most well-known aqueous solutions was determined. The obtained data are systematized and analyzed, and for a number of solutions a correlation between their contraction and other physicochemical properties has been established. The obtained data are systematized and analyzed, the correlation of contraction and other physicochemical properties of solutions has been established, and a number of fluid systems has been proposed for laboratory modeling of diffusion processes in microgravity.
Strength of optical fibers with organic coatings after effect of ammonia
Authors:   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Malkov Nikita A. , Bulatov Maksim I. ,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Azanova Irina S. ,   Perm State University,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company
Published: August 2022

A study of the effect of ammonia vapor and solution on optical fibers in acrylate, polyimide and carbon/polyimide coatings was carried out to determine the degree of degradation of the mechanical characteristics of optical fibers in an alkaline environment. The ultimate strength of the optical fibers was measured by the two-point bending method, and the coating condition after interaction with ammonia was monitored with an optical microscope. A decrease in the tensile strength was recorded for all the examined types of protective-strengthening coatings starting from the first hour of exposure. It was determined that after 7 days of exposure to gaseous and aqueous ammonia the structure of quartz glass is completely destroyed.
Experimental study of acoustic streaming generated by ultrasonic excitation
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Kozlov Nikolai V.
Published: August 2022

The paper is devoted to an experimental study of the acoustic streaming generated by an ultrasonic (US) irradiation in a confined fluid volume. The container is a parallelepiped, partially filled with liquid (water), into which a piezoelectric US emitter is submerged from the top. To transmit the oscillations into the fluid, a waveguide is used whose thickness is considerably smaller than the US wavelength. The structure and velocity of the acoustic streaming, which forms in the bulk, are studied by methods of particle image velocimetry and photography. The observations are carried out in the vertical cross section, which contains the beam axis, with the use of a light sheet created by means of a continuous green laser. The illumination produces the heating in the plane of the light sheet and leads to the onset of free convection. The latter is studied: the flow structure and velocity and the time of their settling are considered at different power of illumination. The information on the natural convection properties is used during the analysis of the structure of acoustic streaming. In general, in the considered region of interest, the thermal convection does not have a substantial influence on the outcomes of the present study, but it determines the minimal velocity, which is limiting the possibility of investigation of slow flows. The observed acoustic streaming may be conventionally divided into two kinds. The first is localized near the waveguide surface and is steady-state. It possesses a regular structure and its characteristic velocity is not high. The streaming of the second kind occupies the entire fluid bulk and transforms continuously. Its velocity magnitude is higher by an order than that of first-kind streaming. An interesting peculiarity of the non-stationary acoustic streaming is that its sources may be located on the container boundaries and not only on the waveguide. This finding points to an important contribution of the reflected US waves in the fluid motion at the sufficient intensity of the US irradiation. The obtained results are going to be used during the investigation of the emulsions behavior in US fields.
An inductive method for monitoring impurities in non-ferromagnetic metals
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Losev Gennadii L. , Mamykin Andrey D. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS
Published: August 2022

The paper presents a method for electromagnetic measurements of the chemical impurities’ con-centration in samples of non-ferrous metals. The principle of measurements is described and the in-fluence of the inaccuracy in geometric dimensions of the analyzed metal volume on the measure-ment error is established. The proposed measurement method was tested on model samples of a tin-lead alloy with an admixture of copper particles of various mass concentrations. For the select-ed combination of the analyzed metal and impurities a calibration curve of the sensor was ob-tained in the concentration range from 0 to 10%.
Differential scanning calorimetry of natural gold
Authors:   Perm State University, Spivak Lev V. , Naumov Vladimir A. ,   Perm State University, Plyusnina Ksenia I. ,   Perm State University, Shchepina Nadezhda E. ,   Perm State University
Published: August 2022

Differential scanning calorimetry of gold samples from various natural deposits was carried out. It is shown that such thermodynamic parameters as enthalpy and entropy of melting and crystallization processes can correlate with the genesis of their formation. Previously unknown features on the temperature dependences of the heat capacity were discovered. It is suggested that their occurrence is due to the concentration heterogeneity in the distribution of the accompanying elements present in natural gold.
A continuum model of bioconvection with a centripetal force
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Bratsun D. A. , Kostarev K. V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: August 2022

The paper is devoted to mathematical modeling of the unusual collective behavior of emperor penguins in winter. Recent observations of flocks of penguins of this species in their natural habitat have shown that penguins use various forms of adaptive behavior that help them survive in theconditions of the Antarctic winter. Despite the fact that each penguin is well protected from cold, these sea-birds are periodically forced to gather in dense groups, within which the temperature necessary for survival is maintained. Observations have revealed the effect of a sudden liquefaction of a dense huddle of penguins, accompanied by a macroscopic circulation of birds from the edge of the group to its center and back. This paper is the first to assert that the observed phenomenon is bioconvection, which should be interpreted as a second-order phase transition. Moreover, the circulation of birds in a dense group can be explained by the mechanism of thermal convection, with the desire of penguins to move toward the temperature maximum playing the role of an effective force field. In the continuum approximation, we propose a mathematical model of the phenomenon, which is reduced to the equation of a self-gravitating porous disk saturated with an incompressible fluid that generates heat. We derive the governing equations in the Darcy-Boussinesq approximation and formulate a nonlinear boundary value problem. An exact solution of the linearized problem for infinitesimal perturbations of the base state is obtained, and the critical values of the control parameter for the onset of bioconvection are calculated. For finite-amplitude perturbations, the boundary value problem is solved using a finite-difference method. We show that in the case of axial symmetry, the most dangerous is the four-vortex motion. In the case of wind breaking the symmetry of the problem, the two-vortex circulation of penguins becomes the most dangerous. The numerical results obtained based on our theoretical developments are compared with observations of penguins in the Antarctic.
Transfer and accumulation of gases dissolved in water saturating a nonisothermal massif of a porous medium with water freezing zones
Authors:   Perm State University, Khabin M. R. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Maryshev B. S. ,   Perm State University,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Goldobin D. S. ,   Perm State University,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS
Published: August 2022

A one-dimensional problem of gas transport through a bubbly medium under the influence of a temperature wave is investigated taking into account freezing of the near-surface layer. Such freezing means the presence of a phase transition under the action of a temperature wave on the massif of the porous medium when the temperature goes below the freezing point of water. In this case, the Stefan problem is to be solved in order to obtain a nonstationary temperature distribution. With the knowledge of the temperature distribution in the massif at each moment of time, it is possible to take into consideration the influence of the temperature wave on the gas transport process. This process is described within the framework of the bubbly medium approximation. The calculation of the solubility of gas in water is based on the scaled particle theory. It is shown that a temperature wave causes the rise of an average flow of gases generated in the porous massif toward the surface, which leads to the effect of gas accumulation in the near-surface layer. The distribution of the gas concentration in the near-surface layer is obtained and the depth of this layer is estimated. In addition, the influence of the parameters of the problem on the accumulation effect is examined. The gas accumulation rate is found to be constant if the surface of the massif is at a temperature below the freezing point all year round and to decrease with an increase in the average surface temperature. At the same time, the accumulation rate increases with the intensification of gas generation in the porous massif.
Emprendimiento femenino para lograr el empoderamiento económico
Authors: Perilla Ruíz Lucila , Ruíz Sánchez María del Carmen , Peña Ulloa Luz Gladys Yarime
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: este artículo tiene como finalidad develar los casos de emprendimiento dados al interior de grupo de mujeres emprendedoras y los aspectos que conducen al empoderamiento económico de estas. Método: La investigación responde a un enfoque mixto, en la que se utilizó una ficha de caracterización para recopilar información sobre las condiciones sociodemográficas y características de los emprendimientos. Además, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas para conocer los aspectos más relevantes que orientaban su acción emprendedora. Resultados y discusión: Como elementos destacables se evidenció, la sostenibilidad de los negocios por periodos superiores a cinco años, producto de iniciativas individuales realizadas como alternativa de supervivencia y autodeterminación, que les permitió asumir su rol de madres y su ejercicio laboral en un solo escenario. Sin embargo, las características de emprendimiento por necesidad y la propensión a autoemplearse responden a las condiciones socioculturales de las participantes y de su entorno, demostrando que el liderazgo ejercido y el sentido de pertinencia por el contexto las constituyen como generadoras de soluciones para las problemáticas sociales de sus territorios. Conclusiones: Los casos de emprendimiento analizados en este estudio permiten denotar tres aspectos de relevancia como son: que estos se soportan en las características individuales y el conocimiento adquirido por las mujeres a lo largo de los años, la sostenibilidad de los negocios y el sentido de pertenencia de las emprendedoras.
FARKLI ŞINAV EGZERSİZLERİ SIRASINDA MEKANİK SALINIMLAR VE ALGILANAN ZORLUK DERECELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: OFLU Elif , GÜLMEZ İrfan , YILMAZ Semih , CUMBUR Cansel , SOYKAN Aytekin , SANİ Fatih , RAMAZANOĞLU Nusret
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada geleneksel ve fonksiyonel egzersiz kayışı (FEK) ile yapılan şınav uygulamalarında, dirseklerin ekstansiyon ve fleksiyon pozisyonunda algılanan zorluk derecesinin mekanik salınımlarla karşılaştırılarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 18-25 yaş arasında 38 kadın sporcu (yaş: 20,89±2,07 yıl; boy: 166,34±0,04 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 57,52±6,29 kg), 33 kadın sedanter (yaş: 19,75±2,04 yıl; boy: 163,66±0,05 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 54,97±6,12 kg) olmak üzere toplam 71 gönüllü katılmıştır. Her iki şınav uygulamasında da dirsekler ekstansiyon ve fleksiyon pozisyonunda 30 sn. bekletilmiş, uygulama sonrası pozisyonla ilgili modifiye algılanan zorluk skalası ile değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Mekanik salınımın tespiti için el bileği, omuz kuşağı ve lumbar bölge olmak üzere toplam beş adet ivme ölçer kullanılmıştır. Her iki şınav türü algılanan zorluk düzeyleri ve mekanik salınım açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Fonksiyonel egzersiz kayışında dirsekler fleksiyon pozisyonunda en yüksek zorluk derecesi hissedilirken en fazla salınım ortaya çıkmıştır. Geleneksel şınav uygulamasında ise, dirsekler ekstansiyon pozisyonunda en az zorluk hissedilirken en az salınım gerçekleşmiştir. Algılanan zorluk dereceleri ile mekanik salınım ilişkileri incelenmesi sonucunda, algılanan zorluk derecesi arttıkça mekanik salınımın arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle spora yeni başlayanlarda kolaydan zora ilerlemedeki sıralama geleneksel şınav ekstansiyon, geleneksel şınav fleksiyon, FEK şınav ekstansiyon ve FEK şınav fleksiyon uygulaması biçiminde önerilebilir.
Teaching practices and evaluation with distance education of gifted students
Authors: GELEN İsmail , KAÇAN Ahmet
Published: August 2022

It is known that gifted individuals who receive education in Science and Art Centers (SACs) in Turkiye have problems in reaching different educations in accordance with their individual competencies . This study aimed to determine the expectations of gifted students towards distance education, to show that this training can be given with the distance education method after the courses offered through distance education, and to develop an alternative way for the future. Explanatory sequential design, one of the mixed research types in which quantitative and qualitative research designs are used together, was employed in the research. The study group of the research consisted of 40 gifted students and 40 parents of these students in three SACs in Turkiye. The quantitative data of the study were analyzed by using the SPSS program. Quantitative data of the study were obtained with a "10-items student online learning expectations form and 5-items parent evaluation form". Qualitative data of the study were obtained with an 8-items student self-evaluation form. In the research, 4 weeks of distance education were given to the students; "Astronomy, Thinking Skills, Teaching Mathematics with Origami, Robotic Coding, Intelligence Games and Values Education" lessons were explained, and the data obtained at the end of the application were analyzed and interpreted with the MAXQDA program. As a result, it is revealed that gifted students in SACs are quite satisfied with the distance education training within this study's scope. In addition, the present study showed that education programs can be rearranged and made suitable for distance education for the emergent transitions to distance education that emerged with the Covid-19 pandemic.
Modified Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue extraction method (Cat. No. / ID: 69506) for eDNA extraction from filters (Nitrocellulose Mixed Ester membrane filters or similar) v1
Authors: Milián-García Yoamel
Published: August 2022

The commercial Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit constitutes one of the most used kits in Molecular Biology Laboratories for DNA extraction from tissue samples. Here, I have adapted the Qiagen Blood and Tissue kit for eDNA extraction from filters (Nitrocellulose Mixed Ester membrane filters or similar). A list of modified steps and reasoning behind the modification is also provided.
Kahramanmaraş İlinde Suça Sürüklenen Çocukların Aile İçi Şiddete Yönelik Tutumları
Authors: AKKUŞ ÇETİNKAYA Tuba , KAYĞUSUZ Özgür Rıza , BAYİR Tuba
Published: August 2022

ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmada suça sürüklenen çocukların aile içi şiddete yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma Adli Tıp Kurumu Kahramanmaraş Adli Tıp Şube Müdürlüğünde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya şube müdürlüğümüze adli merciler tarafından işlediği fiilin hukukî anlam ve sonuçlarını algılayıp algılayamadığı veya davranışlarını yönlendirme yeteneğinin yeterince gelişip gelişmediğinin değerlendirilmesi için gönderilen toplam 125 suça sürüklenen çocuk dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler 15 soruluk sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve 13 sorudan oluşan, dört faktörlü “Aile İçi Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin tanımlayıcı analizi ve Aile İçi Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği”nin alt faktörleri olan şiddeti olağanlaştırma, şiddeti genelleştirme, şiddeti nedenselleştirme ve şiddeti saklama faktörlerine göre istatistiksel analizi yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirmeler Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanılarak yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan çocukların yaş ortalaması 13.95±0.09 olup 93 (%74.40) tanesi erkekti. Katılımcıların Aile İçi Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeğinin alt faktörlerine göre değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, katılımcılar arasında şiddeti olağanlaştırma bakımından cinsiyete göre, şiddeti genelleştirme bakımından sigara kullanımına göre ve şiddeti nesnelleştirme bakımından ailesinde cezaevinde kalan olup olmaması durumuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p<0.05).Sonuç: Bu çalışma suça sürüklenen çocukların aile içi şiddete yönelik tutumlarının hangi faktöre göre değişkenlik gösterdiği hakkında önemli veriler ortaya koymaktadır.