bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Neural Transfer Learning With Transformers for Social Science Text Analysis
Authors: Wankmüller Sandra
Published: December 2022

Transformer-based models for transfer learning have the potential to achieve high prediction accuracies on text-based supervised learning tasks with relatively few training data instances. These models are thus likely to benefit social scientists that seek to have as accurate as possible text-based measures, but only have limited resources for annotating training data. To enable social scientists to leverage these potential benefits for their research, this article explains how these methods work, why they might be advantageous, and what their limitations are. Additionally, three Transformer-based models for transfer learning, BERT, RoBERTa, and the Longformer, are compared to conventional machine learning algorithms on three applications. Across all evaluated tasks, textual styles, and training data set sizes, the conventional models are consistently outperformed by transfer learning with Transformers, thereby demonstrating the benefits these models can bring to text-based social science research.
Synthesis of bio-polyol from epoxidized palm oleic acid by homogeneous catalyst
Authors: Azmi Intan Suhada , Mustafa Muhammad Raihan , Mohd Zalman Nurul Intan Syafinaz , Haqeem Norazlan Muhammad Danish , Mahdir Nuraisyah , Md Zaini Mohd Saufi , Jalil Mohd Jumain
Published: December 2022

In recent years, many efforts have been made to epoxidize palm oil in response to rising demand for environmentally safe epoxides that generated from vegetable oils. This experiment has studied two methods: the one-step method (continuous epoxidation-hydroxylation) and the two-step method (a separate process of epoxidation followed by hydroxylation) for bio-polyol production. Based on the results of the experiment, the one-step technique experiment was deemed to be the best approach because it did not require for the process to be stopped and because it is a continuous process, it takes less time to manufacture the bio-polyol and costs less because the catalyst is only used once. The relative conversion to oxirane (RCO) percentage was at its maximum (82%) after 30 min of epoxidation reaction. FTIR spectroscopy shows the absorption peak at a wavelength of 3300 cm−1 indicates the presence of hydroxyl groups when polyol was analyzed. Overall, a polyol with a high yield was successfully produced from palm oleic acid by using continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized oleic acid.
Environmentally friendly polypropylene/poly (trimethylene terephthalate) blend fibers: Resiliency and dyeability
Authors: Habibolah Zargar Mohammad Reza , Mousavi Seyed Rasoul , Ebrahimzade Amin , Mousavi Shoushtari Seyed Ahmad , Khonakdar Hossein Ali
Published: December 2022

An environmentally friendly free-carrier technique was used to prepare poly propylene/poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PP/PTT) blend fibers. As PTT loading increased, its average diameter enhanced, and its distribution narrowed. In addition, the results of mechanical properties demonstrated that incorporating PTT into the PP matrix led to a decrease in tenacity and elongation-at-break. The more the PTT content, the less the tenacity and the elongation-at-break. Moreover, the crystallinity of PP enhanced by about 12% when 20 wt.% PTT was incorporated while melting and crystallization temperatures did not change remarkably. The molten blends indicated almost a Newtonian behavior. On the other hand, the storage modulus enhanced almost linearly in the frequency range of 1–1000 1/sec for all samples. Also, approximately 60% improvement in dyeability and 10% progress in resiliency behavior were observed. The dye uptake ability of samples was improved with the addition of PTT. In addition, the washing and light fastness of the blends were admissible for textile fibers. Generally, blends with PTT content less than 20 wt.% exhibited better physical and mechanical properties, especially resiliency behavior. Therefore, PP/PTT blend fibers are promising candidates for use in textiles in the coming years.
Effects of plasticizing time on flexural fatigue of soft Poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Su Yupeng , Lian Chengbo , Chen Yanlu , Han Kehui , Ma Yao , Shi Xinyan
Published: December 2022

In this study, seven gradient plasticizing time at 200°C were set to explore the effects on Bally Flex fatigue of soft poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The results showed that the rotational rheometer was well used to characterize the plasticizing process of PVC paste. The optimum plasticizing temperature of soft PVC was about 180°C. Within a certain range of plasticizing time, the glass transition temperature of soft PVC decreased with the extension of plasticizing time, and the Bally Flex fatigue life was prolonged as the plasticizing time extended. When the plasticizing time was 105 s, the plasticization was nearly completed, which can be used as an optimum plasticizing time in terms of manufacturing efficiency and quality. When the plasticization time was 135 s, the degree of plasticization was the highest. The fatigue cycles of Bally Flex and breaking energy (W) at −20°C were 136,000 and 4850 J·m−3, respectively. It was concluded that Bally Flex fatigue life and W had a good positive correlation. Thus, the tensile test can be used as a simple approach to predict the Bally Flex fatigue life trend of soft PVC specimens.
Couples’ We-Ness and Separateness During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: A Longitudinal Perspective
Authors: Galdiolo Sarah , Mauroy Anthony , Verhofstadt Lesley Liliane
Published: December 2022

This 5-wave longitudinal study aimed to monitor the feeling of we-ness and separateness over one year of the COVID-19 pandemic by examining partners’ natural pronoun usage when reporting couple interactions. Compared to the start of the pandemic, a general decline of we-ness was found after one year. Moreover, the changes in couple we-ness were non-linear, resulting in an increase at the end of the strict lockdown, followed by a decrease. No change in couple separateness was found.
Being good while being bad: How does CSR-communication on the social media serve the gambling industry?
Authors: Hellman Matilda , Männistö-Inkinen Vilja , Nilsson Robin , Svensson Johan
Published: December 2022

Global businesses are known to use their social media accounts for legitimisation aspirations and national market assimilation. Still, we lack empirical tools for identifying the kind of public corporate social responsibility communication (CSRC) that helps along positive branding and social relevance. This is particularly important information in view of whitewashing aspirations by the vice industries. This study develops a content analytical tool for assessing gambling companies’ social media strategies by comparing CSRC by state-owned and licenced gambling operators in Finland and Sweden. The diachronic comparative design allows us to point out how the companies advance along ambitions to communicate responsible gambling (RG), affiliate with public interests, shape the companies’ public role as societal benefactors and normalise gambling as an activity. The concepts of tactical and strategic CSRC help us to expose these communication strategies in view of national policy changes, state control and public opinion.
Successful decompressive laparotomy in a neonate with abdominal compartment syndrome on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair
Authors: Plourde Camille , Beauchamp Francis-Olivier , Brocks Rebecca , Thibault Céline
Published: December 2022

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite being the treatment of choice for ACS, decompressive laparotomy (DL) has been a matter of debate in children supported with ECMO due to high bleeding risk and presumed futility. We report the first neonatal DL for ACS while on ECMO following congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair. Given its excellent outcomes, our case challenges current literature and supports prompt bedside laparotomy to treat ACS on neonatal ECMO.
Effects of dual-task training on gait and motor ability in patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Yi-Hong , Ma Jun , Hu Jing-Yun , Zhu Lei , Wang Li-Yan , Yang Ruo-Yu , Liang Lei-Chao , Jiang Men , Cai Ming , Pu Jun
Published: December 2022

Objective

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world, which seriously damages motor and balance ability. Dual-task training is discussed as an appropriate intervention. The aim of this review was to synthesize the existing research findings on the efficacy of dual-task training for people with Parkinson's disease.

Data resources

A systematic search on PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, and PEDro, randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) of dual-task training for individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Methods

Articles published until 1 November 2022 were included. Our search identified 7 RCTs with a total of 406 subjects. Review Manager 5.4 software was used for bias evaluation and to process the results of the outcome measures collected from the investigations.

Results

Dual-task training was associated with significant improvement in most motor and balance outcomes including gait velocity (standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.37–0.87; I2 = 31%; P = 0.21), cadence (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.05–0.53; I2 = 0%; P = 0.71), timed-up-and-go test (mean difference (MD) = -2.38; 95% CI, −3.93 to −0.84; I2 = 32%; P = 0.22) and mini-balance evaluation systems test (MD = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.05–3.03; I2 = 0%; P = 0.92).

Conclusion

Evidence from meta-analyses suggests that dual-task training may improve motor and balance abilities in Parkinson's disease patients. Future research should focus on finding the most appropriate dual-task treatment model for patients with different degrees, in order to further improve the rehabilitation treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion alters the CypA-EMMPRIN-gelatinase pathway: Implications for vascular dementia
Authors: Chai Yuek Ling , Rajeev Vismitha , Poh Luting , Selvaraji Sharmelee , Hilal Saima , Chen Christopher P , Jo Dong-Gyu , Koo Edward H , Arumugam Thiruma V , Lai Mitchell KP
Published: December 2022

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is postulated to underlie multiple pathophysiological processes in vascular dementia (VaD), including extracellular matrix dysfunction. While several extracellular matrix proteins, namely cyclophilin A (CypA), extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and -9) have been investigated in acute stroke, their involvement in CCH and VaD remains unclear. In this study, CypA-EMMPRIN-gelatinase proteins were analysed in a clinical cohort of 36 aged, cognitively unimpaired subjects and 48 VaD patients, as well as in a bilateral carotid artery stenosis mouse model of CCH. Lower CypA and higher EMMPRIN levels were found in both VaD serum and CCH mouse brain. Furthermore, gelatinases were differentially altered in CCH mice and VaD patients, with significant MMP-2 increase in CCH brain and serum, whilst serum MMP-9 was elevated in VaD but reduced in CCH, suggesting complex CypA-EMMPRIN-gelatinase regulatory mechanisms. Interestingly, subjects with cortical infarcts had higher serum MMP-2, while white matter hyperintensities, cortical infarcts and lacunes were associated with higher serum MMP-9. Taken together, our data indicate that perturbations of CypA-EMMPRIN signalling may be associated with gelatinase-mediated vascular sequelae, highlighting the potential utility of the CypA-EMMPRIN-gelatinase pathway as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets in VaD.
Comparison of chest computed tomography and 3-T magnetic resonance imaging results in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Bayraktaroğlu Selen , Çinkooğlu Akın , Tunakan Dalgıç Ceyda , Boğatekin Gülhan , Uysal Funda Elmas , Ardeniz Ömür
Published: December 2022

Background

Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have an increased incidence of pulmonary infections and require frequent follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans.

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with CVID.

Material and Methods

In this prospective study, 3-T MRI was performed in 20 patients with CVID. The patients were imaged with CT and MRI scans on the same day. The MRI protocol included a T2-weighted HASTE sequence (TR=1400 ms, TE=95 ms, slice thickness (ST)=3 mm), T2-weighted BLADE sequence (TR=5379 ms, TE=100 ms, ST=3 mm), and 3D VIBE sequence (TR=3.9 ms, TE=1.32 ms, ST=3 mm). Mediastinal and parenchymal changes were compared. A modified Bhalla scoring system was used in the evaluation of CT and MRI scans.

Results

A total of 17 (85%) patients had parenchymal abnormalities identified by CT or MRI. Similar findings were detected with CT and MRI in the assessment of the severity of bronchiectasis ( P=0.083), bronchial wall thickening ( P=0.157), and mucus plugging ( P=0.250). Consolidations were detected with both modalities in all patients. There was excellent concordance between the two modalities in the evaluation of nodules >5 mm (nodule size 5–10 mm, P=0.317; nodule size >10 mm, P=1). However, MRI failed to detect most of the small nodules (<5 mm).

Conclusion

3-T MRI detected mediastinal and parenchymal alterations in patients with CVID and provided findings that correlated well with CT. Despite a few limitations, MRI is a well-suited radiation-free technique for patients requiring longitudinal imaging.
The Power of Convention: Reinterpreting Social Groups through a Middle Kingdom Statuette
Authors: Olabarria Leire
Published: December 2022

Group statuettes, which are a relatively common type of Middle Kingdom artefact, have traditionally been interpreted as family groups. This article uses statuette AN1913.411 in the Ashmolean Museum (Oxford) to explore this object type and question the extent to which modern preconceptions about family groups permeate interpretations of Egyptian monuments. This statuette features a woman and two men, whose relationships to one another are difficult to clarify. After a detailed presentation of the object, this article examines how far conventions of production and conventions of consumption have played a role in the interpretation of this object. The relationships between the people depicted in this statuette are impossible to establish with certainty, but the object can be inserted within the monumental vocabulary of the celebration of relatedness that was prevalent in the late Middle Kingdom.
Women's Self-Objectification and Strategic Self-Presentation on Social Media
Authors: Chen Shilei , van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Leman Patrick J.
Published: December 2022

In four studies, we tested whether higher trait self-objectification was associated with more strategic and less authentic self-presentation on social media among cisgender women, and whether these links could be attributed to heightened approval motivation among those having higher levels of self-objectification. Study 1 ( N  =  167, Mage  =  27.05) and Study 2 ( N  =  149, Mage  =  29.87), using self-reported measures, found that self-objectification was positively associated with strategic self-presentation on Tinder and Facebook. Study 3 ( N  =  202, Mage  =  28.07) replicated and extended the first two studies, using self-reported behavioral indicators of strategic self-presentation. The first three studies were conducted on Prolific with a nationwide sample of female participants. Study 4 ( Mage  =  21.87) was a real-time behavioral study conducted on Zoom with 102 female U.K. university students using a tool by which actual photo editing was measured. The results confirmed a positive association between trait self-objectification and strategic self-presentation. Mediation analyses suggest that this relation may be attributed to a heightened approval motivation among those who self-objectify. Social media users and policy makers should be made aware of the potential downstream consequences associated with the frequent use of social media self-presentational techniques discussed in this research.
Between Economy and Social Coercion: Nuptiality in Transition. The Case of the Don Army Territory (Southern Russia), 1867–1916
Authors: Bonneuil Noël , Fursa Elena
Published: December 2022

The nuptiality transition in the Don Army Territory 1867–1916 depended on residence, economy, and religion. In rural areas, population growth and the scarcity of good land undermined the Orthodox tradition, though it was defended by the Church; rural Armenian-Gregorians persisted in early marriage, unlike Old Believers, Buddhists, and Lutherans. In cities, Armenian-Gregorians and Jews, unlike Catholics, adopted late marriage. Age at marriage among Orthodox was slightly later in cities and their hinterlands, against the tradition that Church conservatism favored. The different trajectories of nuptiality reveal a struggle between religion, economics, and urban life, making nuptiality a scene of contradictory influences.
How does gender affect ureaplasma and mycoplasma growth and antimicrobial susceptibility rates?
Authors: Gözüküçük Ramazan , Cakiroglu Basri
Published: December 2022

Background:

The aim of this study was to assess the presence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum agents, their distribution between male and female, and differences in antibiotic susceptibility in samples sent from Hisar Intercontinental Hospital’s various clinics with the preliminary diagnosis of genitourinary system infection.

Methods:

The Mycoplasma IES test was used to identify M. hominis and U. urealyticum, and to determine antibiotic susceptibility results, in samples taken from patients. The findings of mycoplasma and ureaplasma culture testing samples requested between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively from our records.

Results:

M. hominis was found to be positive in 7.37% of the examinations, U. urealyticum was found to be positive in 34.98% of the examinations, and either of them were found to be positive in 22.01% of the examinations. The growth rate of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum was determined to be 24.95% in females and 10.13% in males, with the growth rate in females being greater and statistically significant ( p < 0.001). According to the antibiotic susceptibility test results, clarithromycin (R 17.91%) was the most susceptible antibiotic overall for both microorganisms, while clindamycin (R 90.28%) was the most resistant. Depending on the sex, clarithromycin (R 18.40%) was found to be the most susceptible antibiotic in females, and levofloxacin (R 10.87%) to be the most susceptible in males.

Conclusion:

Given the presence of M. hominis and U. urealyticum infections, especially in the presence of risky conditions such as pregnancy, laboratory tests for the diagnosis of these agents should be used in such studies since no urogenital infections were detected in the routine cultures of the patients followed up with the suspicion of urogenital infection. Gender differences should also be considered as a parameter in the preference of antibiotics.
Measuring What Matters in Business Support Programs
Authors: Singerman Phillip A. , Voytek Kenneth P.
Published: December 2022

The U.S. federal government operates a myriad of programs aimed at assisting businesses, typically small and midsized firms, to improve their performance. This commentary focuses on nonfinancial business support programs and how these programs use logic models to guide data collection efforts. The first step is to capture robust data supporting the need for information as the foundation for effective performance management by program staff and other stakeholders. The second step requires that program managers outline the intermediate outcomes they track and the program’s ultimate impacts. The final step requires blending data that captures program outputs, intermediate results, and ultimate program outcomes.
A Case Report of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) After Administration of the COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Andrade Justin , Sessa Lauren , Ephrat Moshe , Truong James , DiGregorio Robert
Published: December 2022

Since the issuance of the emergency use authorization (EUA) of 3 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, there have been over 180 million individuals fully vaccinated in the United States (US). With the increasing administration of COVID-19 vaccinations, there have been over 550,000 adverse events reported in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) with approximately 230,000 experienced after receipt of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine as of September 23rd 2021. Audio-vestibular symptoms (including Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL)) secondary to immunizations has previously been evaluated. However, this report describes the first case of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss potentially due to the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. We further review the available literature regarding the treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss, and the association of SSNHL with previous immunizations and COVID-19 infection. Lastly, we hypothesize the underlying potential mechanisms between SSNHL and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.
“Vergil and Homer opened my Books:” The Sibylline Oracles and the non-Jewish canon
Authors: Van Noorden Helen
Published: December 2022

The hybrid cultural weave of the Sibylline Oracles is one of the most arresting aspects of a collection which preserves Judaeo-Christian compositions in Greek ranging from c. second century BCE to the seventh century CE. Reviewing world history in the form of prophecy, sketching rewards and punishments due at the end of days, and urging ethical behavior, these oracles in Homerizing hexameters combine Classical and Biblical traditions and are attributed to an ancient Sibyl. This article focuses on a distinctive case of repetition within the Sibylline corpus to highlight how the sense of a Classical canon is updated in the Jewish development of this prophetic genre. The passages triggering both intertextual and intratextual investigation ar Sibylline Oracles 3.419–25, which “predicts” that the blind Homer will be the first to open the Sibylline books and copy her tale of Troy, and the far less studied Sibylline Oracles 11.163–71, where phrases about Homer are revised to produce an emphasis on Vergil’s skill as a poet and discretion in concealing the Sibylline writings until his death. Study of these lines in their immediate and wider narrative contexts reveals the Jewish sibyllists exploiting the literary knowledge of Classically-educated readers, first and foremost in order to build up the Sibylline authority, a priority which is developed through both “combative” and “parasitic” stances in relation to canonical authors. Overall, this study offers new information about modes of allusion in Jewish Greek literature and the relationship between the tracks of Homeric and Vergilian reception in cross-cultural contexts.
Memory as overt allusion trigger in ancient literature
Authors: Adams Sean A
Published: December 2022

This paper begins with a brief definition of allusion. The majority of the paper investigates the ways that memory language was used by ancient authors (Jewish, Greek, and Latin) as a literary technique to signal overt intertextual and intratextual allusions. I argue that this is a recognized, intentional, and cross-cultural phenomenon with varied practices and that scholars need to consider this in future studies of intertextuality.
Finite element analysis and topology optimization of Ti-6Al-4V hip implant fabricated by laser powder bed fusion process
Authors: Jhunjhunwala P. , Kishor A. , Burela Ramesh Gupta , Singh Rajesh , Gupta Ankit
Published: December 2022

In this work, a three-dimensional thermomechanical finite element model has been developed to simulate the additive manufacturing process of a Ti-6Al-4V hip implant fabricated using the laser powder bed fusion process. The developed numerical model is used to predict the thermal fields, residual stresses, and part deformation during the printing process. To reduce the mass and consequently the weight of the hip implant, topology optimization has been carried out. Furthermore, the additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V hip implant subjected to realistic loading conditions is analyzed. In the numerical model, new elements are activated for each layer to simulate the recoating of metal powder, and the thermal gradient, residual stress, and deformation associated with the layer are computed. It is observed that the implant geometry significantly influences the quality of the printed part. Topology-optimized geometry shows a notable reduction in residual stress generation and distortions, along with a significant reduction in mass.
A generic algorithm-based application for pinch-exergy prediction in process industries: A case study
Authors: Ibaaz Khalid , Oudani Mustapha , Harraki Imad El , Cherkaoui Moha , Belhadi Amine , Kamble Sachin
Published: December 2022

In the industrial sector, efficient production and optimal use of thermal energy are primary concerns for managers and engineers. Considerable research has been devoted to improving and promoting thermal energy efficiency, especially energy recovery in the context of sustainability. Pinch analysis is one of the most powerful methods in this regard. To maximise the energy recovery (MER), the pinch method is well-established in designing an optimal heat exchange network (HEN). Exergy analysis is combined with the pinch method to minimise the work potential loss (exergy loss) while ensuring maximum heat recovery. This study presents a generic algorithm built using Python language to predict and quantify energy and exergy targets in industrial processes. It provides a framework to guide experts and planners in efficiently using the combined analysis tools. The generic algorithm is based on advanced numerical and graphical tools. It provides exergy problem table algorithm (Ex–PTA) and grand composite curve (EHR and HRP) tools. For Δ T min = 10°C, the generic algorithm is implemented in a building complex case study. The energy targets for heating and cooling requirements are 316.2625 kW and 0 kW, respectively. The obtained exergy targets are less attractive given an improvement from advanced utility integration; this is due to the treated system (medium-temperature system) and not to the reliability and efficiency of the generic algorithm. To evaluate the generic algorithm calculations, they are executed in a low-temperature process in which pinch exergy analysis (PExA) has already been performed. The simulated and generated results are identical, demonstrating the reliability and effectiveness of the developed generic algorithm.
Fault-tolerant control and sinusoidal disturbance attenuation for a class of hybrid dynamic systems
Authors: Yahia Salwa , Bedoui Saida , Abderrahim Kamel
Published: December 2022

The design of an accurate fault-tolerant control fault-tolerant control is still an active researches of switched hybrid system whose switching mechanism is unknown. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to deal with switching mode estimation and control problems for switched system subject to actuator faults and disturbances. First, the switching mode is estimated off-line using the Chiu clustering algorithm. Then, actuator fault estimation is proposed using data-based projection approach based on performance measures that allow fault estimation without relying on mathematical models and fault assumptions. Second, a novel switching control strategy is developed for actuator fault compensation and recovering the desired performances. These strategy integrate a set of controllers, corresponding to a set of partial modes to design a bank of switching control laws, compensating for the actuator fault effect and attenuating the sinusoidal disturbance. A new linear matrix inequality is proposed to compute control gains based on Lyapunov stability. This approach allows finding the optimal control gains matrices and ensure both actuator fault compensation and disturbance attenuation. Simulation results of two numerical examples shows the effectiveness of the proposed estimation and control strategies in spite of the presence of actuator faults and sinusoidal disturbance.
Moral distress and spiritual/religious orientation: Moral agency, norms and resilience
Authors: Koonce Myrna , Hyrkas Kristiina
Published: December 2022

Background

Nurses tasked with providing care which they perceive as increasing suffering often experience moral distress. Response to moral distress in nurse wellbeing has been widely studied. Less research exists that probes practicing nurses’ foundations of moral beliefs.

Aims

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain understanding of nurse meaning-making of morally distressing situations, with particular attention to ethical norms, moral agency and resiliency, and nurse religious/spiritual orientation.

Design

This exploratory study employed semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions. Qualitative data analysis was assisted by MAXQDA software.

Participants and research context

Nine pulmonary care nurses during COVID-19 in a tertiary care teaching hospital in the northeastern United States.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by the IRB. Participants were consented before the study and confidentiality was preserved.

Findings/results

The study revealed three main themes of meaning-making, rooted in the identity of the “good nurse”: Being true to one’s own values, pursuing ideal patient care (“doing good”), and conforming to/challenging values of the system and culture. Tensions were found between (a) nurse’s own values (b) duty to institutional norms and duty to nurse’s personal code of ethics, and (c) perceptions of institutional support in response to nurse moral distress. Religion was described as a remote source of nurse moral values, among other sources. Spiritual practices were not experienced as sufficient in coping with moral distress at the bedside.

Conclusions

The study suggests nurses need more opportunities to engage in reflection on their practice and values. The findings also indicate need for accessible institutional supports for nurses experiencing moral distress and strategic use of chaplains in helping with moral distress. Further research is needed on the interplay of nurse spirituality, moral agency, and reflective practice in the face of morally challenging situations.
Encouraging Intercultural Interaction by Cultural Specific Learning Design
Authors: Nolan Eimear , Héliot YingFei , Rienties Bart
Published: December 2022

Increased levels of internationalization have led to individuals working in multicultural organizations, a trend that is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. To navigate these environments successfully, more emphasis is being placed on the importance of higher education in preparing and arming the future workforce with the international competencies required to be successful in contemporary organizations. The aim of this research is to shed much needed light on how the learning design of management courses influence how and with whom 263 students learn within two culturally diverse post-graduate management courses. We found that Course B (specific cross-cultural design) significantly and with large effect size increased intercultural interaction over time relative to Course A (generic learning design), whereby qualitative findings confirm substantial differences in lived experiences between the two courses. This highlights that educators need to carefully design intercultural interactions rather than hoping that these will develop naturally over time.
Pandemic Partnerships: Community/University Experiences with Community-Based Learning in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Couillou Ryan J. , McGee Beth L. , Carr April S. , Lamberth Tabitha
Published: December 2022

Background: COVID-19 inevitably affected community-based learning. Though the literature has begun to explore the impact on higher education and community partners, more information is needed about how their partnerships have been operating. Purpose: This study investigated the perspectives of both community partners ( n = 145) and higher education institutions ( n = 62). Top challenges to community-based learning and ways partnerships have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic were explored. Methodology/Approach: A cross-sectional qualitative design was used to comprehend COVID-19's impact on community-based learning. The researchers used an online survey with responses collected from Fall 2020 to Spring 2021. Findings/Conclusions: The top challenges for community-based learning included concerns about the pandemic, collaboration, and resources. Challenges specific to each stakeholder group (i.e., higher education and community partners) were also identified. Specifically in the wake of COVID-19, the most frequently discussed pandemic-related changes were the disruption of partnerships (cessation/postponement or extensive changes) and interaction changes (amount or modality of communication). However, some discussed being able to maintain or improve partnerships. Implications: Additional consideration is needed among service-learning stakeholders for adapting projects, addressing power differentials, and improving communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. Partnerships may use these insights to inform their own adaptations.
Digital Leadership: Managing Schools’ Virtual Spaces in Times of Crisis
Authors: Tamar Chen-Levi , Yaffa Buskila , Lea Shaked , Haia Altarac , Nitzan Elyakim
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic changed schools’ reality and posed a wide range of challenges for school leaders, such as a re-examination of principals’ and teachers’ authority and leadership in the schools’ virtual spaces. Teaching methods and social-emotional aspects of learning were challenged as well. The school faculty had to redesign their pedagogical environments to provide an extensive and complete response to these new challenges. The main difficulty lay in the need to create an immediate distance-learning environment that would provide solutions for the pedagogical, emotional, and social challenges in the new and virtual space that had been created. We investigated teachers’ perceptions of their and their principals’ roles as digital educational leaders (e-leaders) in the schools’ virtual spaces. The research was conducted using a qualitative method with a population of 16 female teachers in elementary schools in Israel. Data analysis yielded four major themes: new virtual space in the school's organization, principals’ and teachers’ roles in managing virtual spaces, opportunities in virtual space management, and challenges and difficulties. These themes were closely interrelated in the context of schoolwork. Findings highlight the importance of more fully understanding the role of extensive digital leadership, i.e., the management of virtual school spaces. It is proposed that management of schools’ virtual spaces can enhance overall school effectiveness, which in turn can help achieve better cooperation between school faculty and the surrounding community.
Value of Intraoperative 3D Imaging on the Quality of Reduction of the Distal Tibiofibular Joint When Using a Suture-Button System
Authors: Spindler Fabian T. , Gaube Federico P. , Böcker Wolfgang , Polzer Hans , Baumbach Sebastian F.
Published: December 2022

Background:

The quality of reduction of the distal tibiofibular joint (DTFJ) has a major impact on the outcome. Novel suture-button systems as well as intraoperative 3D imaging can be applied to increase the quality of DTFJ reduction intraoperatively. The individual effect of either remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of intraoperative 3D imaging on the quality of reduction of the DTFJ when using a suture-button system.

Methods:

Retrospective, radiographic study including adult patients who underwent surgical stabilization of the syndesmosis with a suture-button system for acute, unilateral, unstable syndesmotic injuries with postoperative bilateral CT imaging. The use of an intraoperative 3D scan was the individual surgeon’s choice. Assessed was whether the intraoperative 3D imaging had an influence on the postoperative quality of DTFJ reduction and revision rates. These findings were put in perspective to the correction potential of the suture-button system.

Results:

A total of 147 patients were included; 76 of these received an intraoperative 3D imaging. Neither the rate of formal malreduction (17% vs 17%) nor the postoperative revision rate (4% vs 3%) differed significantly between patients with or without intraoperative 3D imaging. Intraoperative 3D imaging revealed a false-negative rate of 14%. The intrinsic correction potential of the suture-button system reduced the number of formally malreduced DTFJs in both groups by 51%.

Conclusion:

The additional value of intraoperative 3D imaging to assess the quality of DTFJ reduction in our series did not improve syndesmotic reduction when using a flexible suture-button system.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative cohort study.
Opioid-Free Forefoot Surgery vs Traditional Perioperative Opiate Regimen: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rooney Edward M. , Odum Susan M. , Hamid Nady , Irwin Todd A. , Chapman Todd M. , Cohen Bruce E. , Connor Patrick M. , Curtin Brian M. , Davis W. Hodges , Ellington J. Kent , Fleischli James E. , Ford Samuel E. , Gaston R. Glenn , Hamid Nady , Hietpas Kayla , Irwin Todd A. , Jones Carroll P. , Leas Daniel P. , Loeffler Bryan J. , Michalek Caleb J. , Milam R. Alden , Odum Susan M. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Segebarth P. Bradley , Schiffern Shadley C. , Shawen Scott B.
Published: December 2022

Background:

In response to the opioid epidemic, the use of multimodal pain management in orthopaedic surgery is increasing. Efforts to decrease opioid prescribing and opioid consumption among foot and ankle surgical patients are needed. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and adverse events between 2 multimodal pain management pathways for forefoot surgical patients: standard opioid-containing (OC) and opioid-free (OF).

Methods:

This is a single-center noninferior randomized controlled trial of 51 patients undergoing forefoot surgery allocated to one of 2 perioperative pain management treatments: opioid-free, multimodal (OF, n=27 patients), or traditional opioid-containing (OC, n=24 patients). Patient characteristics, creatine markers, pain (numeric rating scale [NRS]), general health (Veterans Rand 12-Item Health Survey [VR-12]), and depression were measured preoperatively. Postoperatively, pain was measured at 24-hour, 2-week, and 6-week time points. Satisfaction with pain control, complications, and general health were measured at 2 and 6 weeks.

Results:

The OF group is statistically noninferior to the OC group and reported lower median pain scores at 24 hours (2 [IQR 0, 3] vs 6 [IQR 3.5, 7]; p<.0001) and 2 weeks (2 [IQR 1, 4] vs 4 [IQR 0, 3]; p=.018]. By 6 weeks, pain levels were similar between groups. More than 85% of all patients reported satisfaction with pain level at 2 weeks, which increased to >90% at 6 weeks. The VR-12 scores were similar between groups across all time points. At 2 weeks, 8 patients in each group reported constipation. By 6 weeks, all but 2 OC patients reported resolution. No other adverse events of postoperative wound complications, readmissions, medication reactions, thrombosis, or persistent pain were documented.

Conclusion:

In forefoot surgery, the opioid-free pain management protocol was statistically noninferior to the opioid-containing protocol in reducing postoperative pain.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective cohort study.
Why Young Women Who Use Opioids Are at Risk for Rape: The Impact of Social Vulnerabilities and Sexually Coercive Drug Using Contexts
Authors: Jessell Lauren , Mateu-Gelabert Pedro , Guarino Honoria , Fong Chunki
Published: December 2022

This study tests a theoretically informed model to understand why women who use opioids (WWUO) are at risk of rape while using drugs. Structured interviews were conducted with 168 WWUO. Three domains were hypothesized to increase risk: the sexually coercive context of drug use, women's social vulnerability, and drug use severity. Logistic regression examined the odds of being raped by domain. One-third of WWUO had been raped while using drugs. The sexually coercive context and social vulnerability domains significantly increased women's odds of being raped. Prevention efforts should target social and contextual factors.
Exploration of current pharmacy practice in cardio-oncology: Experiences & perspectives
Authors: Merali Alisha , Anwar Maria , Boyd Jamie M , McFarlane Tom , Daniluk Melanie
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Cardiovascular complications can occur in oncology patients secondary to certain cancer therapies. Pharmacists are involved in the care of oncology patients who are at risk of or experiencing cardiotoxicity related to their cancer therapy. Our study aimed to understand how pharmacists in Canada care to these patients and to explore their experiences, perceptions, and challenges.

Methods

Canadian pharmacists currently involved in the care of patients receiving cancer treatments and at risk of or experiencing cardiotoxicity were invited to participate in a 30-min telephone interview using an interview guide. A combination of inductive and deductive reasoning was applied using two coders who independently reviewed the transcribed interviews and identified key concepts and themes.

Results

Eight pharmacists were interviewed. Perceived benefits included sharing specialized knowledge and conducting safety assessments. Perceived challenges were the lack of role recognition and resources and fractured continuity of care. Proposed future directions were to play a more substantial role in direct medication management, creation of specific guidance and tools to support the clinical decision-making process, and to understand how pharmacists at other sites were providing care through the creation of a community of practice.

Conclusions

As patient-focused medication specialists, pharmacists help guide clinical decision-making, assess cardiac risk factors, and offer individualized education to meet the holistic needs of oncology patients at risk of or experiencing cardiotoxicities. The creation of a cardio-oncology community of practice may allow pharmacists with a common interest to connect, share learnings, and collaborate on how to continue to advance the delivery of care.
MicroRNA-9-5p Is Involved in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Via the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Li Hao , Hu Weimi , Lin Yueyue , Xu Tengxiao , Zhang Xianjing , Wang Chen
Published: December 2022

MicroRNA (miR)-9-5 p has been shown to affect lung cancer progression and lung fibrosis, but the efficacy of miR-9-5 p in acute lung injury (ALI) remained indefinite. The study was performed to probe the modulating mechanism of miR-9-5 p in ALI via regulating macrophage polarization. The ALI mouse model was established and blood samples of ALI patients were obtained. MiR-9-5 p levels in ALI mice and ALI patients were detected. Mouse pulmonary macrophages were extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and polarized into M1 and M2 macrophages. Intervention of miR-9-5 p expression was performed to observe the effects on M1 polarization and M2 polarization in lung macrophages, inflammatory factors in BALF, wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) in lung tissues, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissues, and lung tissue lesion condition. MiR-9-5 p levels were elevated in the lung tissues of ALI mice and ALI patients. MiR-9-5 p silencing could repress lung macrophages in ALI mice polarized toward the M1 phenotype and promoted the polarization toward the M2 phenotype, reduced the lung lesions, the lung water content, and the secretion levels of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in BALF, increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, as well as impeded the MPO activity in the lung tissues of ALI mice. MiR-9-5 p deletion ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory infiltration in lung tissues via inhibiting the polarization of mouse lung macrophages to the M1 phenotype and promoting the polarization to the M2 phenotype.
Supporting Evaluation Practice Through Mindfulness
Authors: Pann James M. , DiLuzio Elizabeth , Coghlan Anne T. , Hughes Scott D.
Published: December 2022

This article explores the utility of mindfulness in the field of evaluation. Mindfulness is a translation of the ancient Indian word, Sati, which means awareness, attention, and remembering. While definitions vary, a practical definition of mindfulness is present-moment awareness in an open and nonjudgmental manner. Mindfulness-based interventions have been employed by a wide variety of professions. Although it has received limited attention in the writings of evaluators, we argue that mindfulness can improve the practice of evaluation and support the development of the professional practice and interpersonal domains of American Evaluation Association (AEA) evaluator competencies. We review several mindfulness-based practices and how they can be used by evaluators in their work. Thus, we posit that far from being an esoteric concept, mindfulness practices can serve the pragmatic end of improving our discipline. We also discuss the limits of mindfulness and propose recommendations for future efforts.
Analysis of visual and refractive results after wedge resection for high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus
Authors: García de Oteyza Gonzalo , Borasio Edmondo , Ruíz-Santos Maria , Julio Gemma , Barraquer Rafael Ignacio , Alvarez de Toledo Juan
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To analyze visual and refractive results after wedge resection to correct high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus.

Setting

Cornea Unit of the Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer Barcelona, Spain.

Design

A retrospective quasi-experimental, before and after study.

Methods

Patients who developed high astigmatism or ectasia in the graft-host junction after PK were treated with wedge resection. The following variables were studied before the surgery, 1-year after and at the final visit: uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive and topographic astigmatism and spherical equivalent. Vectorial analysis of the astigmatism changes was performed.

Results

Fifty-one eyes were included with a mean follow-up of 4.19 ± 3.09 years. Mean refractive astigmatism was 11.47 ± 3.57 diopters (D) pre-operatively and 4.79 ± 3.32 D at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean centroid changed from 2.65 ± 11.82 D at 23 degrees preoperatively to 0.35 ± 5.86 D at 127 degrees postoperatively. Concerning spherical equivalent, the mean preoperative value was −3.10 ± 4.15 D and the mean postoperative value was −1.55 ± 3.41 D (p = 0.002). Mean pre-operative and final follow-up UDVA were 1.25 ± 0.27 and 0.84 ± 0.50 (p < 0.001). Mean Pre-op and final follow-up CDVA were 0.27 ± 0.19 and 0.24 ± 0.24.

Conclusions

Wedge resection is a useful surgical procedure to correct high astigmatism. It is a safe technique with moderate efficacy and may be considered as initial procedure of choice in high astigmatism due to long-term ectasia in the graft-host junction after PK for keratoconus.