bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recalage de la navigation inertielle hybride par le filtrage de Kalman sans parfum paramétré à quaternions
Authors: Khoder Wassim
Published: January 2019

Dans ce papier, nous avons développé un algorithme d’hybridation (recalage) de la navigation inertielle, noté Q-SUKF, qui combine le filtre de Kalman sans parfum à paramètre (SUKF) et l’utilisation des propriétés de rotation et d’unicité des quaternions (Q) pour représenter l’attitude. L’utilisation des quaternions unités dans le calcul de la matrice de covariance d’erreurs prédite empêche les problèmes de singularité et la dérive des informations d’attitude. L’augmentation de l’incertitude dans les angles d’attitude, est modélisé par un vecteur de rotation pour garantir que la normalisation du quaternion est toujours maintenue dans le filtre. Le Q-SUKF proposé est bien adapté pour estimer récursivement les états de la navigation, quelque soient les valeurs initiales sur les angles d’attitude ou la dynamique des mouvements du mobile, à l’aide des capteurs externes qui sont complémentaires et/ou redondants.
La presse et le nucléaire, couple infernal
Authors: Huet Sylvestre
Published: January 2019

L’information des citoyens, tout comme le rôle de contrôle et de contre-pouvoir que la presse incarne, ou devrait incarner, trouve dans le nucléaire une dimension supplémentaire. En effet, la technicité de la matière oblige à un effort d’explication et de médiation scientifique pour aider les citoyens à former leur opinion. Pour autant, l’Histoire a montré que dans le domaine du nucléaire la presse a joué ce rôle avec difficulté, jusqu’à arriver à des cas avérés de désinformation.
Le nucléaire dans les scénarios mondiaux de transition énergétique
Authors: Bouneau Sandra
Published: January 2019

Les études de prospective sur la transition énergétique destinée notamment à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, reposent sur le développement de scénarios. Conçus pour évaluer quantitativement les impacts d’une politique énergétique sur le climat, ils représentent de réels outils d’aide à la décision. Cependant, les scénarios sont à manier avec prudence car ils sont construits sur des modèles complexes et utilisent un grand nombre d’hypothèses peu explicitées, qui relèvent parfois davantage de considérations politiques que techniques ou scientifiques.
Quelques questions ouvertes et points critiques… qui n’ont pas été traités dans les articles précédents
Authors: Graner François , Panebianco Stefano Matthias
Published: January 2019

Lectrice, lecteur, peut-être avez-vous en tête un point important qui mériterait de contribuer au débat sur le nucléaire civil (français ou international), mais qui ne figure pas dans les pages précédentes. C’est frustrant, mais inévitable ; les contraintes de taille d’un dossier comme celui-ci nous interdisent de traiter le sujet de manière exhaustive. Nous esquissons ici une liste de ces points non traités. Par ailleurs, des questions, selon nous, restent encore très ouvertes ; nous tentons d’en identifier les aspects les plus critiques.
Efficient Synthesis of a 5α-Reductase Inhibitor, 3-(Tetrazol-5-yl)-3,5-pregnadien-20-one through Allylic Rearrangement of Cyanophosphates
Authors: Yoneyama Hiroki , Usami Yoshihide , Harusawa Shinya
Published: January 2019

We describe the use of allylic rearrangements of cyanophosphates for the efficient and practical synthesis of 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)-3,5-pregnadien-20-one, which is a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor (IC50: 15.6 nM), from pregnene-3,20-dione in 92% overall yield in four steps.
Dispelling the Myth of Work-Related de Quervain's Tenosynovitis
Authors: Dunn John , Polmear Michael , Nesti Leon
Published: January 2019

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis (DQT) is a common condition characterized by pain about the dorsal-radial aspect of the wrist, just proximal to the radial styloid. The condition is precipitated by a thickened first dorsal compartment and its tendons. The impression that DQT is caused from work-related injury is misdirected, as no study has established an association between hand usage at work or trauma with DQT. Physicians should exercise caution when discussing the causes and natural history of DQT with symptomatic patients.
Quantum f-divergences in von Neumann algebras. II. Maximal f-divergences
Authors: Hiai Fumio
Published: January 2019

As a continuation of the study by Hiai [J. Math. Phys. 59, 102202 (2018)] on standard f-divergences, we make a systematic study of maximal f-divergences in general von Neumann algebras. For maximal f-divergences, apart from their definition based on Haagerup’s L1-space, we present the general integral expression and the variational expression in terms of reverse tests. From these expressions as well as the definition, we prove important properties of maximal f-divergences, for instance, the monotonicity inequality, the joint convexity, the lower semicontinuity, and the martingale convergence. The inequality between the standard and the maximal f-divergences is also given.
Simulated XUV photoelectron spectra of THz-pumped liquid water
Authors: Arnold Caroline , Inhester Ludger , Carbajo Sergio , Welsch Ralph , Santra Robin
Published: January 2019

Highly intense, sub-picosecond terahertz (THz) pulses can be used to induce ultrafast temperature jumps (T-jumps) in liquid water. A supercritical state of gas-like water with liquid density is established, and the accompanying structural changes are expected to give rise to time-dependent chemical shifts. We investigate the possibility of using extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy as a probe for ultrafast dynamics induced by sub-picosecond THz pulses of varying intensities and frequencies. To this end, we use ab initio methods to calculate photoionization cross sections and photoelectron energies of (H2O)20 clusters embedded in an aqueous environment represented by point charges. The cluster geometries are sampled from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations modeling the THz-water interactions. We find that the peaks in the valence photoelectron spectrum are shifted by up to 0.4 eV after the pump pulse and that they are broadened with respect to unheated water. The shifts can be connected to structural changes caused by the heating, but due to saturation effects they are not sensitive enough to serve as a thermometer for T-jumped water.
Fly scan apparatus for high pressure research using diamond anvil cells
Authors: Smith Jesse S. , Rod Eric A. , Shen Guoyin
Published: January 2019

The hardware and software used to execute fly scans at Sector 16 of the Advanced Photon Source are described. The system design and capabilities address dimensions and time scales relevant to samples in high pressure diamond anvil cells. The time required for routine sample positioning and centering is significantly reduced, and more importantly, the time savings associated with fly scanning make it feasible for users to routinely generate two-dimensional x-ray transmission and x-ray diffraction maps. Consequently, this facilitates an important shift in high pressure research as experimentalists embrace the study of heterogeneous and minute sample volumes in the diamond anvil cell.
Near-surface electron transport and its influence on the discharge structure of nanosecond-pulsed dielectric-barrier-discharge under different electrode polarities
Authors: Hua Weizhuo , Fukagata Koji
Published: January 2019

We perform a systematic numerical investigation of the nanosecond-pulsed surface dielectric-barrier-discharge evolution under different electrode polarities. For both positive and negative electrode polarities, two discharge strokes take place corresponding to the leading edge and the trailing edge of the nanosecond voltage pulse. During the first discharge stroke, the positive streamer propagates along the dielectric surface accompanying a thin plasma sheath layer, while the negative streamer stays attached to the dielectric surface. The resultant propagation velocity of the positive streamer is found to be faster than that of the negative streamer. During the second discharge stroke, a plasma sheath layer forms between the negative streamer and the dielectric surface due to the electrons drifting away from the near-surface region, while the sheath layer between the positive streamer and the dielectric surface fades away due to the electrons drifting toward the dielectric surface. For both positive and negative electrode polarities, it is revealed that a strong downstream body force is generated when the plasma sheath layer exists, due to the high net charge density and strong electric field in the near-surface sheath layer.
On the virial coefficients of confined fluids: Analytic expressions for the thermodynamic properties of hard particles with attractions in slit and cylindrical pores to second order
Authors: Krekelberg William P. , Mahynski Nathan A. , Shen Vincent K.
Published: January 2019

We present analytic expressions for the second virial coefficient of hard particles in slit and cylindrical pores with arbitrary square-well fluid-fluid and fluid-solid interactions, number of fluid components, and pore sizes. We derive multiple methods to predict the isotherms in confined materials based on the virial expansion and find that the thermodynamic and structural properties calculated from the virial expansion to second order in the dilute limit display excellent qualitative agreement with previous simulation results.
Local-scale structural response of (1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3 to external electric fields
Authors: de la Flor G. , Gorfman S. , Mihailova B.
Published: January 2019

The local structure and atomic dynamics of (1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3 with x ranging from 0 to 0.074 were analyzed at room temperature by in situ single-crystal Raman spectroscopy under an external dc electric field E applied along the pseudocubic [100]c or [110]c directions, to gain further insights into the atomistic mechanism of polar coupling near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The results reveal a striking compositional dependence of the E[100]c-induced changes in the Raman scattering and suggest that the origin of the enhanced longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient in alkali-Bi based solid solutions with a pseudocubic structure near MPB is due to the composition-driven reduction of the local strains and the consequent enhancement of the structural flexibility under external stimuli.
Spin-orbit-torque-driven multilevel switching in Ta/CoFeB/MgO structures without initialization
Authors: Zhang S. , Su Y. , Li X. , Li R. , Tian W. , Hong J. , You L.
Published: January 2019

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) has been proposed as an alternative writing mechanism for the next-generation magnetic random access memory (MRAM), due to its energy efficiency and high endurance in perpendicular magnetic anisotropic materials. However, the three-terminal structure of SOT-MRAM increases the cell size and consequently limits the feasibility of implementing high density memory. Multilevel storage is a key factor in the competitiveness of SOT-MRAM technology in the nonvolatile memory market. This paper presents an experimental characterization of a multilevel SOT-MRAM cell based on a perpendicularly magnetized Ta/CoFeB/MgO heterostructure and addresses the initialization-free issue of multilevel storage schemes. Magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy and micromagnetic simulation studies confirm that the multilevel magnetization states are created by changing a longitudinal domain wall pinning site in the magnet. The realization of robust intermediate switching levels in the commonly used perpendicularly magnetized Ta/CoFeB/MgO heterostructure provides an efficient way to switch magnets for low-power, high-endurance, and high-density memory applications.
Stretchable, skin-conformal microscale surface-emitting lasers with dynamically tunable spectral and directional selectivity
Authors: Kang Dongseok , Chen Huandong , Yoon Jongseung
Published: January 2019

Coherent, monochromatic light sources that can intimately integrate with human body and yet offer state-of-the-art optoelectronic performance will create new opportunities in wearable and implantable electronics for a wide range of applications from personalized health monitoring, light therapy, to three-dimensional sensing and security. Here, we report stretchable, electrically driven surface-emitting microlasers capable of being conformally integrated on soft, curvilinear surfaces of biological tissues and providing wafer-level performance under mechanical and thermal environments relevant to skin physiology. GaAs-based microscale 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers derived from epitaxially grown source materials are integrated on a thin, elastomeric membrane in stretchable and thermally robust configurations enabled by printing-based heterogeneous material assemblies. The resulting stretchable, electrically pumped microlasers offer a stable continuous-wave operation under both uniaxial and biaxial tensile strains up to ∼120% in air as well as on the human skin, where the synergistic choices of mechanical strain and underlying heat-transfer medium provide versatile routes to dynamically control the spectral and directional characteristics of lasing.
Inositol polyphosphate multikinase mediates extinction of fear memory
Authors: Park Jina , Longo Francesco , Park Seung Ju , Lee Seulgi , Bae Mihyun , Tyagi Richa , Han Jin-Hee , Kim Seyun , Santini Emanuela , Klann Eric , Snyder Solomon H.
Published: January 2019

Significance

Inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) is a pleiotropic enzyme for the biosynthesis of inositol polyphosphates and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, but the neural function of IPMK has remained largely elusive. By conditionally deleting IPMK from the excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain in mice, we found that IPMK knockout mice exhibited normal cued fear conditioning but showed enhanced fear extinction accompanied by selective activation of p85 S6 kinase 1 in the IPMK-null amygdala following fear extinction. Electrophysiological recording analyses further uncovered facilitated hippocampal long-term potentiation from IPMK knockout mice. Thus, our data propose IPMK as a molecular player in the control of fear extinction.
North America’s oldest boreal trees are more efficient water users due to increased [CO
2
], but do not grow faster
Authors: Giguère-Croteau Claudie , Boucher Étienne , Bergeron Yves , Girardin Martin P. , Drobyshev Igor , Silva Lucas C. R. , Hélie Jean-François , Garneau Michelle
Published: January 2019

Significance

The metabolism of North America’s oldest boreal trees (
Thuja occidentalis
L.) is strongly affected by rising anthropogenic

C
O

2

emissions. Intrinsic water use efficiency (

i
W
U
E

) increased dramatically, although nonlinearly, since the beginning of the industrial Era. Our study shows that while
T. occidentalis
L. acclimated to rising [

C
O

2

], no stem growth was observed, suggesting that trees could not benefit from the increased

i
W
U
E

.
Stratification of reactivity determines nitrate removal in groundwater
Authors: Kolbe Tamara , de Dreuzy Jean-Raynald , Abbott Benjamin W. , Aquilina Luc , Babey Tristan , Green Christopher T. , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Labasque Thierry , Laverman Anniet M. , Marçais Jean , Peiffer Stefan , Thomas Zahra , Pinay Gilles
Published: January 2019

Significance

Although groundwater is a critical source of drinking water and irrigation, it has been polluted worldwide by agriculture, industry, and domestic activity. Because assessing groundwater quality and recovery rates is challenging, we developed a method for determining where and how quickly nitrate is removed in aquifers using just a few point measurements of groundwater chemistry. This methodology opens new avenues for characterizing catchment-scale nutrient dynamics, including nitrogen, carbon, and silica, with existing datasets for ecosystems around the globe. Understanding the subsurface structure of reactivity would also improve estimates of recovery time frames for polluted ecosystems and inform sustainable limits for anthropogenic activity.
Mutual interplay between IL-17–producing γδT cells and microbiota orchestrates oral mucosal homeostasis
Authors: Wilharm Anneke , Tabib Yaara , Nassar Maria , Reinhardt Annika , Mizraji Gabriel , Sandrock Inga , Heyman Oded , Barros-Martins Joana , Aizenbud Yuval , Khalaileh Abed , Eli-Berchoer Luba , Elinav Eran , Wilensky Asaf , Förster Reinhold , Bercovier Herve , Prinz Immo , Hovav Avi-Hai
Published: January 2019

Significance

Elucidating the mechanisms by which homeostasis is established and maintained in the oral mucosa is important for human health. In this study we investigated the ontogeny and function of gingival γδT cells. The majority of these cells originate from embryonic precursors that maintain themselves locally independent of circulating γδT cells arising from adult precursors. The oral microbiota regulates the development of γδT cells, particularly those of embryonic origin. γδT cells represent the major sources of IL-17–producing cells in the gingiva, and they play a critical role in down-modulating gingival steady-state immunity that subsequently shapes oral microbial diversity. This suggests that oral homeostasis requires mutual interactions between γδT cells and the microbiota.
In-Hospital Training in Addiction Medicine: A Mixed-Methods Study of Health Care Provider Benefits and Differences
Authors: Gorfinkel Lauren , Klimas Jan , Reel Breanne , Dong Huiru , Ahamad Keith , Fairgrieve Christopher , McLean Mark , Mead Annabel , Nolan Seonaid , Small Will , Cullen Walter , Wood Evan , Fairbairn Nadia
Published: January 2019

Background: Hospital-based clinical addiction medicine training can improve knowledge of clinical care for substance-using populations. However, application of structured, self-assessment tools to evaluate differences in knowledge gained by learners who participate in such training has not yet been addressed. Methods: Participants ( n = 142) of an elective with the hospital-based Addiction Medicine Consult Team (AMCT) in Vancouver, Canada, responded to an online self-evaluation survey before and immediately after the structured elective. Areas covered included substance use screening, history taking, signs and symptoms examination, withdrawal treatment, relapse prevention, nicotine use disorders, opioid use disorders, safe prescribing, and the biology of substance use disorders. A purposefully selected sample of 18 trainees were invited to participate in qualitative interviews that elicited feedback on the rotation. Results: Of 168 invited trainees, 142 (84.5%) completed both pre- and post-rotation self-assessments between May 2015 and May 2017. Follow-up participants included medical students, residents, addiction medicine fellows, and family physicians in practice. Self-assessed knowledge of addiction medicine increased significantly post-rotation (mean difference in scores = 11.87 out of the maximum possible 63 points, standard deviation = 17.00; P < .0001). Medical students were found to have the most significant improvement in addiction knowledge (estimated mean difference = 4.43, 95% confidence interval = 0.76, 8.09; P = .018). Illustrative quotes describe the dynamics involved in the learning process among trainees. Conclusions: Completion of a hospital-based clinical elective was associated with improved knowledge of addiction medicine. Medical students appear to benefit more from the addiction elective with a hospital-based AMCT than other types of learners.
PMC text mining subset in BioC: about three million full-text articles and growing
Authors: Comeau Donald C , Wei Chih-Hsuan , Islamaj Doğan Rezarta , Lu Zhiyong
Published: January 2019

Motivation

Interest in text mining full-text biomedical research articles is growing. To facilitate automated processing of nearly 3 million full-text articles (in PubMed Central® Open Access and Author Manuscript subsets) and to improve interoperability, we convert these articles to BioC, a community-driven simple data structure in either XML or JavaScript Object Notation format for conveniently sharing text and annotations.

Results

The resultant articles can be downloaded via both File Transfer Protocol for bulk access and a Web API for updates or a more focused collection. Since the availability of the Web API in 2017, our BioC collection has been widely used by the research community.

Availability and implementation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/bionlp/APIs/BioC-PMC/.
Multicentre experience with two frozen elephant trunk prostheses in the treatment of acute aortic dissection†
Authors: Berger Tim , Weiss Gabriel , Voetsch Andreas , Arnold Zsuzsanna , Kreibich Maximilian , Rylski Bartosz , Krombholz-Reindl Philipp , Winkler Andreas , Mach Markus , Geisler Daniela , Seitelberger Rainald , Siepe Mathias , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Grabenwoeger Martin , Czerny Martin , Gottardi Roman
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to evaluate early- and mid-term outcome and aortic remodelling in patients undergoing implantation of 2 different frozen elephant trunk prostheses, either the Thoraflex™ hybrid (Vascutek, Inchinnan, UK) and the E-vita Open (Jotec Inc., Hechingen, Germany) for acute aortic dissection.

METHODS

All consecutive patients [n = 88; median age 59 (49–67) years; 69% male] undergoing surgery with a frozen elephant trunk prosthesis for acute aortic dissection from August 2005 until March 2018 were included in this study. The Thoraflex™ device was implanted in 55 patients and the E-vita Open graft in 33 patients.

RESULTS

Preoperative characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. There was also no statistically significant difference in postoperative outcome: in-hospital mortality (11% vs 12%; P > 0.99), stroke (18% vs 6%; P = 0.12) and spinal cord injury (6% vs 6%; P > 0.99). While there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of distal stent graft-induced new entries (16% vs 18%; P = 0.77), there was a significantly higher rate of secondary endovascular aortic interventions in the Thoraflex™ hybrid group (22% vs 0%; P = 0.003). There was a trend towards a higher rate of false lumen thrombosis at the level of the stent graft (74% vs 95%; P = 0.085) and was comparable at the thoraco-abdominal transition (53% vs 80%; P = 0.36) 1 year after implantation of the prostheses.

CONCLUSIONS

In this comparison of 2 frozen elephant trunk prostheses, there is no evidence that different surgical techniques influence in-hospital outcome. At 1-year follow-up, patients who underwent implantation of the E-vita Open prosthesis showed a significantly reduced rate of secondary aortic interventions and a trend towards a higher rate of false lumen thrombosis which might be attributed to a longer coverage of the descending aorta due to a longer stent graft design and significantly more frequent implantation in zone 3.
Behavioural disorders in children with pectus excavatum in China: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching and risk prediction model
Authors: Li Hongbo , Jin Xianqing , Fan Shulei , Wang Daoxin , Wu Chun , Pan Zhengxia , Li Yonggang , An Yong , Wang Gang , Dai Jiangtao , Wang Quan
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES

Surgical repair of pectus excavatum is typically carried out immediately prior to puberty. However, at the time of surgery, some psychosocial issues, such as behavioural disorders may already have developed and the likelihood of these psychosocial disorders resolving after surgery is unclear. For this reason, some surgeons choose to perform surgical repair at an earlier age in some children. The study retrospectively compares the rate of behavioural disorders in children undergoing the Nuss procedure at 4 vs. 10 years of age. We also attempted to develop a model to predict the risk of behavioural disorders in 10 year-old patients.

METHODS

The current study included children receiving Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum at either 4 or 10 years of age. The presence/absence of behavioural disorder was assessed preoperatively, and in the third year, after removal of the bar. A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to reduce the potential for confounding by baseline factors. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to establish a model to predict the risk of behavioural disorders in the third year after the removal of the bar. The model was accessed by discrimination and calibration. A formula and a nomogram were developed based on the results.

RESULTS

The number of patients in each group was 45 after PSM. The rate of behavioural disorders at the baseline was significantly higher in the children undergoing Nuss procedure at 10 years of age [36% vs 20%, odds ratio (OR) 2.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–5.72; P = 0.157]. The rate of behavioural disorders in the third year after the removal of the bar was 36% and 18% in children undergoing surgery at 10 and 4 years of age, respectively (OR 2.55, 95% CI 0.96–6.79; P = 0.094). The rate of persistent behavioural disorders, defined as continuing to have behavioural disorders in the third year after the removal of the bar in those with behavioural disorders at the baseline, was 88% vs 56% (OR 3.47, 95% CI 0.56–21.36; P = 0.204). Two patients (4%) relapsed in each group. A risk prediction model by variables of gender, Haller index, pulmonary function and score of Child Behaviour Checklist at the baseline was provided.

CONCLUSIONS

The rate of behavioural disorders was considerably lower in children who underwent the Nuss procedure at 4 years of age than at 10 years of age. Behavioural disorders may not readily resolve after surgery. Performing surgery at an early age rather than just before puberty may be better for psychosocial development. Psychosocial aid is necessary in addition to surgery to address behavioural disorders.
Human and Technical Dimensions of Potato Integrated Pest Management Using Farmer Field Schools: International Potato Center and Partners’ Experience With Potato Late Blight Management
Authors: Ortiz Oscar , Nelson Rebecca , Olanya Modesto , Thiele Graham , Orrego Ricardo , Pradel Willy , Kakuhenzire Rogers , Woldegiorgis Gebremedhin , Gabriel Julio , Vallejo Juan , Xie Kaiyun
Published: January 2019

In the 1990s, the integrated pest management (IPM) team for potato late blight (IPM-late blight) at the International Potato Center (CIP) began to address the management of this complex potato disease by combining crop protection with social and behavioral sciences. Since the early 2000s, the team has worked with research and development organizations in countries in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America to develop farmer discovery-based learning methods using farmer field schools (FFS). The principles of late blight control were more visible and understood by farmers when they could test options for managing late blight, particularly new potato clones with resistance to the disease, for themselves. CIP and partners have since adapted an approach combining FFS and participatory research to facilitate farmers’ access to information, knowledge, and technologies. Several manuals to implement FFS-IPM-late blight with farmers were subsequently developed. Results indicated that farmers using this approach learned new knowledge, assessed new potato clones, and changed crop management practices. Hence farmers realized a 32% average increase in potato productivity and income in Peru; similar changes occurred in other countries. The participatory research and training approach had a significant impact beyond IPM-late blight. In Peru and Bolivia, for example, more than 2,000 FFS were implemented between 2005 and 2012 on IPM for potato, other crops (coffee, cocoa, fruit trees), and livestock. In Uganda and Ethiopia, the experience expanded to potato seed management with the formation of seed cooperatives. Lessons have been drawn from this experience.
An Empirical Implementation of the Ross Recovery Theorem as a Prediction Device
Authors: Audrino Francesco , Huitema Robert , Ludwig Markus
Published: January 2019

Building on the method of Ludwig (2015) to construct robust state price density surfaces from snapshots of option prices, we develop a nonparametric estimation strategy based on the recovery theorem of Ross (2015). Using options on the S&P 500, we then investigate whether or not recovery yields predictive information beyond what can be gleaned from risk-neutral densities. Over the 13 year period from 2000 to 2012, we find that market timing strategies based on recovered moments outperform those based on risk-neutral moments.
PbrMYB169 positively regulates lignification of stone cells in pear fruit
Authors: Xue Cheng , Yao Jia-Long , Xue Yong-Song , Su Guan-Qing , Wang Liang , Lin Li-Kun , Allan Andrew C , Zhang Shao-Ling , Wu Jun
Published: January 2019

Stone cells negatively affect fruit quality because of their firm and lignified cell walls, so are targets for reduction in pear breeding programmes. However, there is only limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of stone cells. Here, we show that PbrMYB169, an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, of Pyrus bretschneideri positively regulates lignification of stone cells in pear fruit. PbrMYB169 was shown to be co-expressed with lignin biosynthesis genes during pear fruit development, and this co-expression pattern was coincident with stone cell formation in the fruit of Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Dangshansuli’. The PbrMYB169 expression level was also positively correlated with stone cell content in 36 pear cultivars tested. PbrMYB169 protein significantly activated the promoter of lignin genes C3H1, CCR1, CCOMT2, CAD, 4CL1, 4CL2, HCT2, and LAC18 via binding to AC elements [ACC(T/A)ACC] in these promoters. Furthermore, overexpression of PbrMYB169 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants enhanced the expression of lignin genes, and increased lignin deposition and cell wall thickness of vessel elements, but did not change the ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl lignin monomers. In conclusion, PbrMYB169 appears to be a transcriptional activator of lignin biosynthesis and regulates secondary wall formation in fruit stone cells. This study advances the understanding of the regulation of lignin biosynthesis and provides valuable molecular genetic information for reducing stone cell content in pear fruit.
The Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Stone Jeremy G. , Panczykowski David M. , Okonkwo David O.
Published: January 2019

The management of traumatic brain injury necessitates a multidisciplinary approach with medical and surgical therapies employed based on rapid clinical assessment of injury severity and imaging characteristics. Therapy aims to prevent secondary brain injury through multifactorial interventions primarily focusing on prevention of cerebral hypoxemia and aggressive control of intracranial pressure (ICP). This chapter covers epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and both medical and surgical management of traumatic brain injury. Management topics include appropriate monitoring, first- and second-line therapy for ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure, hypoxia, seizure prophylaxis, hyperpyrexia, glycemic control, fluids and electrolytes, nutrition, and prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism and the gastrointestinal system.
General ICU Care of the Neurological Patient
Authors: Tisherman Samuel A. , Hefton Sara
Published: January 2019

Critically ill patients with acute neurologic conditions are at high risk for development of dysfunction of multiple extracerebral organs. They frequently need airway and ventilator support, and a lung-protective strategy is appropriate. Hemodynamic support is critical to prevent secondary brain injury from hypotension. These patients are at high risk for infectious complications and development of sepsis. Electrolyte abnormalities are common, particularly disorders of sodium metabolism. Controversy continues regarding optimal hemoglobin levels for transfusion. Allowing mild hyperglycemia does not seem to be harmful, though hypoglycemia should be avoided. Steroids may be indicated for specific neurologic diseases but otherwise have little role in the intensive care unit, except for refractory septic shock. Critically ill patients with acute neurologic conditions are very catabolic and require early enteral nutrition support, accompanied by stress ulcer prophylaxis in most circumstances. Optimizing extracerebral organ support can have a significant impact upon outcomes from acute neurologic conditions.
Pediatric Neurocritical Care
Authors: Simon Dennis W. , Fink Ericka L.
Published: January 2019

Primary neurological conditions and secondary neurological insults occurring in the hospital result in high mortality and morbidity in children. Critical differences in development demand that neurocritical care for children be optimally based on pediatric evidence and experience. Further, the approach to neurocritical care practices should to be tailored to a child’s neurological condition, developmental stage, and clinical presentation. These insights and increasing patient and clinician demand have led to the growth of the field of pediatric neurocritical care to improve outcomes based on best evidence and practices using a multidisciplinary care delivery model.
Innovations in Care Delivery of Stroke from Emergency Medical Services to the Neurointerventional Operating Room
Authors: Greenberg Karen , Hedayat Hirad S , Binning Mandy J , Veznedaroglu Erol
Published: January 2019

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and its care is currently one of the most dynamic and evolving illnesses across the globe. Among the most crucial factors in providing the best care to patients are the expedient delivery of thrombolytics and endovascular intervention when indicated. Here, we review our unique model of efficient care centered in our innovative Neurological Emergency Department (Neuro ED). The Neuro ED acts as our hub for EMS communication, imaging, administration of intravenous alteplase, and transition to the Neurointerventional OR. Our structure with its enabling of shortened IV alteplase delivery times and faster door-to-needle (DTN) times may serve as an international model for stroke centers.
Cosmology from cosmic shear power spectra with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam first-year data
Authors: Hikage Chiaki , Oguri Masamune , Hamana Takashi , More Surhud , Mandelbaum Rachel , Takada Masahiro , Köhlinger Fabian , Miyatake Hironao , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Aihara Hiroaki , Armstrong Robert , Bosch James , Coupon Jean , Ducout Anne , Ho Paul , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Komiyama Yutaka , Lanusse François , Leauthaud Alexie , Lupton Robert H , Medezinski Elinor , Mineo Sogo , Miyama Shoken , Miyazaki Satoshi , Murata Ryoma , Murayama Hitoshi , Shirasaki Masato , Sifón Cristóbal , Simet Melanie , Speagle Joshua , Spergel David N , Strauss Michael A , Sugiyama Naoshi , Tanaka Masayuki , Utsumi Yousuke , Wang Shiang-Yu , Yamada Yoshihiko
Published: January 2019

We measure cosmic weak lensing shear power spectra with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey first-year shear catalog covering 137 deg2 of the sky. Thanks to the high effective galaxy number density of ∼17 arcmin−2, even after conservative cuts such as a magnitude cut of i < 24.5 and photometric redshift cut of 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 1.5, we obtain a high-significance measurement of the cosmic shear power spectra in four tomographic redshift bins, achieving a total signal-to-noise ratio of 16 in the multipole range 300 ≤ ℓ ≤ 1900. We carefully account for various uncertainties in our analysis including the intrinsic alignment of galaxies, scatters and biases in photometric redshifts, residual uncertainties in the shear measurement, and modeling of the matter power spectrum. The accuracy of our power spectrum measurement method as well as our analytic model of the covariance matrix are tested against realistic mock shear catalogs. For a flat Λ cold dark matter model, we find $S\,_{8}\equiv \sigma _8(\Omega _{\rm m}/0.3)^\alpha =0.800^{+0.029}_{-0.028}$ for α = 0.45 ($S\,_8=0.780^{+0.030}_{-0.033}$ for α = 0.5) from our HSC tomographic cosmic shear analysis alone. In comparison with Planck cosmic microwave background constraints, our results prefer slightly lower values of S8, although metrics such as the Bayesian evidence ratio test do not show significant evidence for discordance between these results. We study the effect of possible additional systematic errors that are unaccounted for in our fiducial cosmic shear analysis, and find that they can shift the best-fit values of S8 by up to ∼0.6 σ in both directions. The full HSC survey data will contain several times more area, and will lead to significantly improved cosmological constraints.
Emerging roles for chemokines and cytokines as orchestrators of immunopathology in Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Blokland Sofie L. M , Flessa Christina-Maria , van Roon Joel A. G , Mavragani Clio P
Published: January 2019

In primary SS (pSS), chemokines and cytokines orchestrate immunopathology driven by a complex network of interacting inflammatory cells. In recent years, the importance of chemotactic and non-chemotactic cytokines that control function, movement and placing of all cells within the inflamed exocrine glands and directing immunopathology has become increasingly clear. This paper reviews the current knowledge on chemokines and focuses on the emerging roles of novel chemotactic and non-chemotactic mediators in pSS. It highlights their contribution to pathogenic processes such as B cell hyperactivity and the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures. To this end, the role of acquired (CXCR5/CCR9 Th-cell–mediated) and innate (inflammasome/IL-1/IL-18–mediated) pathways in steering immunopathology is discussed.
Estradiol and progesterone bioavailability for moderate to severe vasomotor symptom treatment and endometrial protection with the continuous-combined regimen of TX-001HR (oral estradiol and progesterone capsules)
Authors: Lobo Rogerio A. , Liu James , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Constantine Ginger D. , Pickar James H. , Shadiack Annette M. , Bernick Brian , Mirkin Sebastian
Published: January 2019

Objective:

In the REPLENISH trial, women receiving TX-001HR—an oral, softgel capsule, combining 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (E2 mg/P4 mg 1/100, 0.5/100), had significantly improved vasomotor symptoms, while having their endometrium protected from hyperplasia. The objective here was to describe P4 levels sufficient to counteract the potential endometrial effects of 1 or 0.5 mg oral E2 with TX-001HR.

Methods:

In REPLENISH (phase 3; NCT01942668), serum P4, E2, and estrone (E1) levels were characterized in postmenopausal women treated with TX-001HR (E2 mg/P4 mg: 1/100, 0.5/100, [0.5/50, 0.25/50 and placebo not reported here]) at baseline, week 12, and month 12 for P4, and at baseline, weeks 4 and 12, and months 6, 9, and 12 for E2 and E1. In a phase 1 study, pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed after 7 daily doses of oral E2 mg/P4 mg (1/100 and 0.5/100).

Results:

In REPLENISH (n = 1,835), mean P4 levels were 0.39 to 0.55 ng/mL with 100-mg P4 doses; E2 levels were 42.3 to 45.6 pg/mL and 23.0 to 27.4 pg/mL for the 1-mg and 0.5-mg E2 doses, respectively; E1 levels were 214 to 242 pg/mL and 114 to 129 pg/mL for the 1-mg and 0.5-mg E2 doses. In the phase 1 study (n = 40; day 7), mean C
avg for P4 was 0.66 ng/mL with 100-mg P4 doses; E2 was 38.1 pg/mL and 29.2 pg/mL for 1 mg and 0.5 mg E2, respectively; and E1 was 211 and 106 pg/mL for 1 mg and 0.5 mg E2. All three analytes reached steady state within 7 days; accumulation ratios were 1.36 to 1.94.

Conclusions:

P4 levels observed with TX-001HR were similar in the phase 1 and 3 studies, and were associated with no endometrial hyperplasia with either E2 daily dose over 1 year in the REPLENISH phase 3 study, which showed significant improvements in menopausal vasomotor symptoms.
Higher serum levels of vitamin D are associated with lower blood glucose levels
Authors: Valladares Tânia , Cardoso Maria Regina , Aldrighi Jose Mendes
Published: January 2019

Objective:

Vitamin D plays an important role in bone metabolism. There is now evidence that a higher serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) is associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, because it provides better glycemic control, possibly by promoting greater insulin sensitivity, and also by improving pancreatic beta cell function. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible association between 25(OH)D sufficiency and glycemia.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study involving 680 women, 35 to 74 years of age, selected through systematic sampling. From each participant, fasting blood samples were collected for the determination of 25(OH)D and glucose levels.

Results:

The mean fasting blood glucose level was 105 mg/dL (range 26-401 mg/dL). Fasting serum levels of 25(OH)D were <30 ng/mL in 65.4% of the participants and <20 ng/mL in 25.6%. A serum 25(OH)D level <30 ng/mL was positively associated with a blood glucose level ≥100 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.57), as was a serum 25(OH)D level <20 ng/mL (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.04-1.50).

Conclusions:

Lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations appear to be associated with a high blood glucose levels.
Treatment in a Tertiary Intestinal Rehabilitation Center Improves Outcome for Children With Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Vugrinec Mamić Maja , Hojsak Iva , Mišak Zrinjka , Kerman Višnjica , Kolaček Sanja
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome and very short bowel syndrome (defined as less than 25 cm of the bowel with or without colon). This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study that included patients with intestinal failure. Thirty-eight children with short bowel syndrome were included in the study (mean age at diagnosis = 8.4 [range = 0–48] months; female/male = 20/18); 12 children (31.6%) had very short bowel syndrome. Weaning from parenteral nutrition was achieved in 29 (74.5%) of children with short bowel syndrome but only in 4 (33%) in the very short bowel syndrome group. Positive prognostic factors associated with successful weaning from parenteral nutrition were an absolute higher length of the residual intestine, a remnant of at least some part of the colon, and treatment in an experienced center from the diagnosis. Patients with short bowel syndrome and very short bowel syndrome should be treated in a center experienced in intestinal rehabilitation.
Geometric probability, psychophysics and invariance
Authors: Hart Yuval , Mahadevan L.
Published: January 2019

The perception of the noisy visual world around us naturally combines geometry and probability with psychophysics. So how do we perceive geometric objects from a probabilistic perspective, i.e. infer randomness in a spatial setting ? To test this psychophysically, we use a set of simple experiments to distinguish between probability distributions of planar line images connected with Buffon’s needle and Bertrand’s paradox, two classic exemplars of geometric probability. We find that participants associate greater randomness with images that are invariant under the sub-groups of translation, rotation, and scale. An information theoretic framework centered around the Radon (Hough) transform captures the observed behavioral results, and suggests that symmetry and chance are embedded in human visual perception.
Block HSIC Lasso: model-free biomarker detection for ultra-high dimensional data
Authors: Climente-González Héctor , Azencott Chloé-Agathe , Kaski Samuel , Yamada Makoto
Published: January 2019

Motivation

Finding nonlinear relationships between biomolecules and a biological outcome is computationally expensive and statistically challenging. Existing methods have crucial drawbacks, among others lack of parsimony, non-convexity, and computational overhead. Here we present the block HSIC Lasso, a nonlinear feature selector that does not present the previous drawbacks.

Results

We compare the block HSIC Lasso to other state-of-the-art feature selection techniques in synthetic data and real data, including experiments over three common types of genomic data: gene-expression microarrays, single-cell RNA-seq, and GWAS. In all the cases, we observe that features selected by block HSIC Lasso retain more information about the underlying biology than features of other techniques. As a proof of concept, we applied the block HSIC Lasso to a single-cell RNA-seq experiment on mouse hippocampus. We discovered that many genes linked in the past to brain development and function are involved in the biological differences between the types of neurons.

Availability

Block HSIC Lasso is implemented in the Python 2/3 package pyHSICLasso, available in Github (https://github.com/riken-aip/pyHSICLasso) and PyPi (https://pypi.org/project/pyHSICLasso).

Contact

myamada@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
Cyclin E expression is associated with high levels of replication stress in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Llobet Sergi Guerrero , van der Vegt Bert , Jongeneel Evelien , Bense Rico D. , Schröder Carolien P. , Everts Marieke , de Bock Geertruida H. , van Vugt Marcel A.T.M.
Published: January 2019

Replication stress entails the improper progression of DNA replication. In cancer cells, including breast cancer cells, an important cause of replication stress is oncogene activation. Importantly, tumors with high levels of replication stress may have different clinical behavior, and high levels of replication stress appear to be a vulnerability of cancer cells, which may be therapeutically targeted by novel molecularly targeted agents. Unfortunately, data on replication stress is largely based on experimental models. Further investigation of replication stress in clinical samples is required to optimally implement novel therapeutics. To uncover the relation between oncogene expression, replication stress and clinical features of breast cancer subtypes, we immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of a panel of oncogenes (Cdc25a, Cyclin E and c-Myc) and markers of replication stress (phospho-Ser33-RPA32 and γ-H2AX) in treatment-naive breast tumor tissues (n=384). Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) exhibited the highest levels of phospho-Ser33-RPA32 (P<0.001 for all tests) and γ-H2AX (P<0.05 for all tests). Moreover, expression levels of Cyclin E (P<0.001 for all tests) and c-Myc (P<0.001 for all tests) were highest in TNBCs. Expression of Cyclin E positively correlated with phospho-RPA32 (Spearman correlation r=0.37, P<0.001) and γ-H2AX (Spearman correlation r=0.63, P<0.001). Combined, these data indicate that replication stress is predominantly observed in TNBCs, and is associated with expression levels of Cyclin E. These results indicate that Cyclin E overexpression may be used as a biomarker for patient selection in the clinical evaluation of drugs that target the DNA replication stress response.