bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 385: Comparison of Rapid Implementation of Automated Head and Thorax Elevation With Active Compression Decompression Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and an Impedance Threshold Device versus National Outcome Data: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Moore Johanna C , bachista Kerry , Quinn Ryan , Emanuelson Lauren D , Holley Joe e , Goodloe Jeffrey , Reynolds James , Siegel Lewis , Williamson Chris , Salverda Bayert , Lurie Keith G , Debaty Guillaume P , Pepe Paul E
Published: December 2023

Background:
Pre-clinical work has shown automated head and thorax elevation with active compression decompression CPR and an impedance threshold device (AHUP-CPR) improved 24-hour neurological survival. Propensity matched studies of out-of-hospital-cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients have shown a time dependent association between survival to hospital discharge (SHD) and application of AHUP CPR.Hypothesis: Rapid application of AHUP CPR for OHCA will have a higher incidence of SHD compared to national data.

Methods:
This is an ongoing prospective observational study of patients from an AHUP-CPR registry of non-traumatic adult OHCA receiving AHUP CPR as part of first responder care. OHCA patients from pre-hospital sites that consistently implemented rapid AHUP CPR were included. Patient demographics, arrest characteristics, ROSC, SHD, and SHD with favorable neurological function, defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2, were recorded. Data are reported as means ± SD. Combined 2021 and 2022 data from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) were used for comparison of the primary study endpoint, SHD, and secondary endpoints. Chi-square testing was used to compare outcomes.

Results:
Of 11 registry sites, 7 (US States AL, FL, IL, MN, OK, TN, VA) met inclusion criteria and 1457 patients from January 2020 to June 2023 were enrolled. Average age was 65 ± 16.4 years, 61.8% (901) were male, and 71% (1035) received AHUP CPR. Average time (mm:ss) from 9-1-1 call to start of CPR was 9:52 (6:47) and time to start of AHUP CPR was 12:59 (5:51). Presenting rhythms were: asystole 47.8% (696), PEA 25.8% (376), and VF 20.5% (298). For all AHUP patients, SHD was 13.6% (198) versus 9.2% (26316/286525) for CARES (p < 0.0001). SHD with favorable neurological function was higher for AHUP (10.3% (150) versus 7.3% for CARES (20889), p < 0.0001) and ROSC (29.4% (428) vs 27.0% (77301), p = 0.039).

Conclusions:
In an unadjusted analysis, the incidence of SHD, ROSC, and neurologically favorable SHD with rapid implementation of AHUP-CPR was higher than nationally reported data. These results support prior findings of a time sensitive association between survival and time to AHUP-CPR. Additional analyses and study are needed for confirmation.
Abstract 393: Distribution and Elimination Kinetics of Midazolam and Metabolites in Patients With Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
Authors: Kang Changshin , Jeong Wonjoon , Sunwoo Jung , Park Jung Soo , You Yeonho , Min Jin Hong , In Yong Nam , Jeon So Young
Published: December 2023

Background:
Administration of midazolam (MDZ) can make neuroprognostication more complex, especially in determining the safe timing for avoiding inappropriately pessimistic prognostications. This study aims to investigate the distribution and elimination kinetics of MDZ and metabolites in patients with post-resuscitation care.

Methods:
This was a prospectively observational study between May 2020 and April 2022. Samples for analyzing plasma concentration of MDZ and seven metabolites were obtained immediately, at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h from discontinuation of MDZ infusion. Briefly, absolute and relative concentrations of MDZ and metabolites were determined by LC-MS/MS and LC-QTOF. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to last measurable time point (AUC
last
) and estimated half-life (
t
1/2
) were calculated according to pharmacokinetic rules.

Results:
Of the 13 enrolled patients, 8 (61.5%) awakened after discontinuation of MDZ administration. MDZ, 1-hydroxylmidazolam (1-OH-MDZ), 1-hydroxylmidazolam-glucuronide (1-OH-MDZ-Glu), and midazolam-glucuronide (MDZ-Glu) were identified as the major compounds, comprising approximately 96% of the total proportion. All compounds had individual mean
t
1/2
(MDZ, 1-OH-MDZ, 1-OH-MDZ-Glc, and MDZ-Glc: 6.4, 7.6, 14.3, and 10.5 h, respectively). In the subgroup analysis for the awakened patients, the significant correlation between AUC
last
and awakening time measured from discontinuation of MDZ infusion was demonstrated in MDZ (r
2
= 0.66) and 1-OH-MDZ (r
2
= 0.55).

Conclusions:
Even in the normothermia state of the patients,
t
1/2
of MDZ and metabolites was prolonged compared with that reported in healthy individuals. Among all compounds, MDZ and 1-OH-MDZ concentrations may be mainly active compounds related to the sedation effect. Hence, to prevent inappropriate WLST for patients with potential for recovery, we recommend clinicians consider the prolonged
t
1/2
of the main active compounds.
Abstract 408: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Children: An Epidemiological Study Based on the German Resuscitation Registry Identifying Modifiable Factors for Return of Spontaneous Circulation
Authors: Katzenschlager Stephan , Kelpanides Inga K , Ristau Patrick , Huck Matthias , Seewald Stephan , Brenner Sebastian , Hoffmann Florian , Wnent Jan , Kramer-Johansen Jo , Tjelmeland Ingvild B , Weigand Markus A , Graesner Jan-Thorsten , Popp Erik
Published: December 2023

Aim:
This work provides an epidemiological overview of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in children in Germany between 2007 and 2021. We wanted to identify modifiable factors associated with survival.

Methods:
Data from the German Resuscitation Registry (GRR) was used, and we included patients registered between 1
st
January 2007 and 31
st
December 2021. We included children aged >7 days and <18 years, where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started and treatment was continued by emergency medical services (EMS). Incidences and descriptive analyses are presented for the overall cohort and each age group. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed on the whole cohort to determine the influence of (1) CPR with/without ventilation started by bystander, (2) OHCA witnessed status, and (3) nighttime on the outcome hospital admission with ROSC.

Results:
OHCA in children aged <1 year had the highest incidence per 100 000 inhabitants, with 23.42, accounting for 42.0% of all included cases. Overall, hypoxia was the leading presumed cause of OHCA; whereas trauma and drowning accounted for a high proportion in children aged >1 year. Bystander-witnessed OHCA and bystander CPR rate were highest in children aged 1-4 years, with 43.9% and 62.3%, respectively. In reference to EMS-started CPR, bystander CPR with ventilation were associated with an increased odds ratio for ROSC at hospital admission after adjusting for age, sex, year of OHCA and location of OHCA.

Conclusion:
This study provides an epidemiological overview of OHCA in children in Germany and identifies bystander CPR with ventilation as one primary factor for survival.
Abstract 409: Burden of Overdose in Young Adult Cardiac Arrest Cases
Authors: Khosla Shaveta , Del Rios Marina , Kotini-Shah Pavitra , Froelich Elizabeth , Schwerin Courtney , Campbell Teri , Markul Eddie , Tataris Katie , Weber Joseph , Vanden Hoek Terry
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
Overdose related out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are preventable devastating occurrences, often affecting young adults, leading to many years of productive life lost. The purpose of this study was to characterize overdose related OHCA over time and assess its excess burden in young adult cases in the state of Illinois.

Methods:
The Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) database was used. We excluded pediatric and trauma cases. Bivariate associations were assessed. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were also calculated.

Results:
During 2018 to 2022, a total of 23,637 non-traumatic adult OHCA cases were reported to CARES from Illinois (with a population catchment >40% in 2022). Of these, 8.2% (N=1,928) were overdose related. Overdose accounts for 9.5% of the OHCA in males, and 5.9% in females. By race and ethnicity, 9.6% of cases in Hispanics, 9.3% in Blacks and 7.3% in Whites are due to overdose. The number of overdose related OHCA peaked in 2020 (n=449); however, 2022 (n=432) contributed to the historically highest proportion of overdose related OHCA (8.5%). While the overall mean age for OHCA was 63.7 (SD=17) years with a peak at 60 years, the mean age for overdose cases was 44.7 (SD=13.5) with a peak at 50 years. While young adults (18-34-year-olds) have a lower likelihood of cardiac arrests accounting for only 6% of the total OHCA, they contribute 26% of the overdose OHCA. Young adult OHCA cases are nearly six times more likely to be overdose related (Relative Risk=5.5; 95% CI: 5.0 - 6.0) as compared to older cases. In terms of population impact, 21% of the overdose related OHCA are attributed to young adult cases (PAF=0.212). If young adults had the same risk of overdose-related OHCA as older cases, we would expect 408 fewer overdose-related OHCA, and the rate of overdose-related OHCA would drop from 8.2% to 6.4%. Similarly, for adults <40 years of age, 31% of the overdose related cardiac arrests are attributed to these young cases (PAF=0.309), and we would expect 596 fewer cases had the risk of overdose related OHCA been same as older cases.

Conclusion:
Overdose related OHCAs represent a significant burden in younger patients. Prevention strategies that reduce the burden of overdose related OHCA should be a public health priority.
Abstract 410: Differences in Survivability of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Rural versus Urban Minnesota
Authors: Hall Alexandra , Klajda Michael D , Dahiya Garima , Hodgson Lucinda , Bartos Jason
Published: December 2023

Background:
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) survival has improved in North America due to improved awareness, training, and bystander CPR. An important factor complicating OHCA survival is location on initial arrest, due to distance and access to emergency medical services (EMS).

Aims:
We sought to examine characteristics of OHCA encounters in Minnesota and determine underlying factors for differences in OHCA survival in rural versus urban areas.

Methods:
We examined data from the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES) registry between 2013-2021 in Minnesota. The analyses included encounters from 31 EMS services across the state. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) county rural-urban classification schema was used to designate categories of rural (non-metropolitan counties of less than 50,000 population) versus urban (metropolitan counties with populations of 50,000 or more).

Results:
We identified 21,257 patient encounters, of which 3,524 (16.6%) of encounters were designated as rural and 17,733 (83.4%) as urban. In our cohort, patients were predominately male. Rural arrest patients tended to be older (mean age, 64.5 vs 60.6 years, p<0.01) and had a higher prevalence of heart disease (32.2% vs 26.9%, p<0.01). Rural arrests were more likely to be witnessed (57.1% vs 51.6%, p<0.01), receive bystander CPR (42.3% vs 35.2%, p<0.01), and have AED use prior to EMS arrival (55.7% vs 53.5%, p<0.01). The average time for EMS arrival at scene of arrest was longer among rural encounters (12.9 vs 10.6 minutes; p<0.01). Overall, survival-to-discharge was significantly lower among rural versus urban communities (9.3% vs 13.1%, p<0.01).

Conclusion:
In this analysis of the CARES dataset in Minnesota, there were significant differences in survival characteristics between rural vs urban OHCA patients. These findings warrant greater investment in rural EMS agencies and modifiable resuscitation practices to improve survival among rural communities.
Abstract 412: Targeted Temperature Management for Patients With Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Comparison of the TTM2 Trial Population With Real World Data
Authors: Al-Taei Mustafa , Alshami Abbas , Fernandez Hazim Carol , Varon Joseph
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
The TTM2 trial demonstrated no improvement of the functional status in survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). However, the external validitiy of the trial remains to be investigated.

Aim:
We aimed to compare the patient population of the TTM2 trial to the real world data.

Methods:
We obtained the data from multiple national registries including Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES), the Australasian Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (Aus-ROC), the Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (DCAR), and the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry (SCRR). We pooled the data from these registries and compared them to the data from the TTM2 trial.

Results:
We identified a total of 262,482 encounters from all the databases and 1,861 encounters from the TTM2 trial. The average age was comparable between both groups (64 years), females gender (registries 35% vs trial 20%), arrest event happened at the place of residence (registries 72% vs trial 53%), Bystander-witnessed arrest (registries 57% vs trial 91%), Bystander-performed CPR (registries 38% vs trial 80%), initial shockable rhythm (registries 25% vs trial 74%), non-shockable rhythm (registries 75% vs trial 26%).

Conclusion:
Large discrepancies were identified between the data from the TTM2 and the pooled data obtained from multiple registries. This needs to be further investigated.
Abstract 431: Targeted Temperature Management for Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest and Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Period: Insight From the National Inpatient Sample Database 2019
Authors: Al-Taei Mustafa H , Alshami Abbas , Imburgio Steven , Ramirez Claudia M , Mararenko Anton , Udongwo Ndausung , Varon Joseph
Published: December 2023

Introduction:
The TTM2 trial showed that targeted temperature management (TTM) did not improve the functional status of survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the TTM2 trial OHCA survivors cohort had short mechanical ventilation (MV) duration (3.8 days in the hypothermic group and 2.9 days in the normothermic group).

Aims:
We aimed to investigate the functional status of OHCA survivors who required a prolonged MV duration.

Methods:
We utilized the National Inpatient Sample Database 2019. Participants were included if they were primarily admitted for cardiac arrest regardless of initial rhythm. Prolonged MV was defined as > 4 days. Patients who have ICD-10 codes for both short and prolonged MV durations were excluded as they potentially had multiple intubations. The primary outcome was discharge from the hospital to home, as a surrogate for good functional status on discharge.

Results:
A total of 28,890 patients were admitted for cardiac arrest in 2019 in the United States. Of them, 67.5% (n=19,515) had MV. Of the mechanically ventilated patients, 74.3% (n=14,490) were ventilated for ≤ 4 days, 24.8% (n=4,835) had prolonged MV, and 190 admissions were excluded for possible multiple MV episodes. TTM utilization was comparable between survivors with prolonged MV (8.7%, n=200) and short MV (7.6%, n=380)(p=0.083). Discharge to home was higher in the short MV group [33.8% (n=1,690) vs 15% (n=345), p<0.001]. After adjusting for age, sex, race, insurance, Elixhauser comorbidity index, renal replacement therapy, and coronary angiography, TTM was not independently associated with discharge to home in the short MV group (aOR 0.951, 95% CI 1.008-0.795, p=0.992). However, TTM was associated with significantly higher odds of discharge to home in the prolonged MV group (aOR 2.441, 95% CI 1.591-3.744, p<0.001).

Conclusions:
One-fourth of the OHCA survivors, mechanically ventilated, cohort required prolonged MV. These patients have poorer functional status (discharge to home rate) that the short MV cohort. TTM seems to correlate with improved adjusted functional status on discharge from the hospital in the prolonged MV group. Future clinical trials should investigate the TTM impact on this subgroup of OHCA survivors.
Increased Chamber Resting Tone Is a Key Determinant of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Tamargo María , Martínez-Legazpi Pablo , Espinosa M. Ángeles , Lyon Aurore , Méndez Irene , Gutiérrez-Ibañes Enrique , Fernández Ana I. , Prieto-Arévalo Raquel , González-Mansilla Ana , Arts Theo , Delhaas Tammo , Mombiela Teresa , Sanz-Ruiz Ricardo , Elízaga Jaime , Yotti Raquel , Tschöpe Carsten , Fernández-Avilés Francisco , Lumens Joost , Bermejo Javier
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

Twitch-independent tension has been demonstrated in cardiomyocytes, but its role in heart failure (HF) is unclear. We aimed to address twitch-independent tension as a source of diastolic dysfunction by isolating the effects of chamber resting tone (RT) from impaired relaxation and stiffness.

METHODS:

We invasively monitored pressure-volume data during cardiopulmonary exercise in 20 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 17 control subjects, and 35 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. To measure RT, we developed a new method to fit continuous pressure-volume measurements, and first validated it in a computational model of loss of cMyBP-C (myosin binding protein-C).

RESULTS:

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, RT (estimated marginal mean [95% CI]) was 3.4 (0.4–6.4) mm Hg, increasing to 18.5 (15.5–21.5) mm Hg with exercise (
P
<0.001). At peak exercise, RT was responsible for 64% (53%–76%) of end-diastolic pressure, whereas incomplete relaxation and stiffness accounted for the rest. RT correlated with the levels of NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; R=0.57;
P
=0.02) and with pulmonary wedge pressure but following different slopes at rest and during exercise (R
2
=0.49;
P
<0.001). In controls, RT was 0.0 mm Hg and 1.2 (0.3–2.8) mm Hg in HF with preserved ejection fraction patients and was also exacerbated by exercise. In silico, RT increased in parallel to the loss of cMyBP-C function and correlated with twitch-independent myofilament tension (R=0.997).

CONCLUSIONS:

Augmented RT is the major cause of LV diastolic chamber dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and HF with preserved ejection fraction. RT transients determine diastolic pressures, pulmonary pressures, and functional capacity to a greater extent than relaxation and stiffness abnormalities. These findings support antimyosin agents for treating HF.
North/South Feminist Solidarity
Authors: Piccardi Eleonora Gea
Published: December 2023

This article draws attention to the relationship between transnational feminist solidarity and translation. It proposes mobilizing De Lima Costa’s understanding of equivocation to address the North/South feminist alliance between the Kurdish Women’s Movement (KWM) and feminist queer activists in Europe. This encounter is analysed as an ongoing equivocal translation process between the understanding of “woman” put forward by Jineolojî—the KWM epistemology—and a transfeminist/queer perspective. Drawing on the author’s militant ethnography, the research analyses the mistranslations as well as the practices of communal life, sharing experiences, herstories, and epistemologies that enabled activists to challenge the supposed incompatibility between a “Western” queer vision on gender and a “Kurdish” one, initially criticised for being essentialist and binary. Because they shift attention from identity categories to the political scope of such categories, the article contends, embodied practices of equivocal translation are crucial for generating coalitions and dismantling West/Rest colonial divides.
Exploring Shared Poetic and Stylistic Forms between Kurdish and Syriac
Authors: Kaplan Yaşar
Published: December 2023

Kurdish has been written in many different scripts throughout history. One of these alphabets is the Syriac alphabet. The texts written with this alphabet are called Kurdish Garshuni texts. David Barzane (Dāwíd Bareznāyā) was a 19th-century Chaldean Church clergyman and poet. The autograph manuscript containing his poems in Classical Syriac, Neo-Aramaic and Kurdish is preserved in the Collection of Syriac Manuscripts of the Dominicans of Mosul. One of the two Kurdish Garshuni poems in this manuscript has already been published with transcription and translation. In this article, another unpublished poem is transcribed and translated. However, by focusing on the literary and cultural interaction between the Christians who speak Neo-Aramaic and the Kurds, it is to be drawn attention to the close relationship between the forms of poetry and style of performance in both traditions.
Students’ Perceptions of Instruction in Co-Teaching Classrooms: A Systematic Literature Review and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Wagner Marie L. , Cosand Kylene , Zagona Alison L. , Malone Betsie J.
Published: December 2023

As more schools adopt inclusive practices, the need for schools to understand how students perceive these practices grows. The current study explores K–12 students’ perceptions of co-teaching through a systematic review and thematic analysis of the literature. Through an analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research from journals and dissertations, this review shows the importance of attending to contextual variables surrounding co-teaching and how these may serve as mediating factors for students’ perceptions. Using an open-ended date range for studies and including gray literature allowed for robust findings that synthesize comprehensively how students view co-teaching. Key findings include students’ perceived success academically and preference for co-teaching. Additionally, results indicated a pattern of students’ negative perceptions of co-teaching when teachers experienced many professional demands. However, the lack of reported socially constructed contextual variables, such as race and gender, limited insights into how students make meaning of co-teaching. On the basis of these findings, we discuss implications for research, policy, and practice.
Effectiveness of Picture Concept Activity on Improving the Cognitive Proficiency Skill and Reading Performance of Nigerian Pupils with Dyslexia
Authors: Nnubia Uju I. , Okechukwu Franca O. , Mefoh Philip C. , Umennuihe Chidiogo L. , Nwauzoije Ezinne J. , Ogba Kalu T. U , Ogbonnaya Ezeda K. , Aliche Chinenye J. , Nwobi Chibundo A. , Onyekachi Clara C. , Okoli Dorathy N. , Nnorodi Chioma J. , Epistle Esther C. , Abang Stephen M. , Obi Chidera V.
Published: December 2023

This study determines the effectiveness of a non-digital picture concept programme to treat cognitive deficits in pupils with dyslexia. Using a sample of 38 primary two pupils (aged 7-9 years) in Ebonyi State, Nigeria, a Picture Concept Activity and the traditional method of repetitive passage drill were administered for eight weeks and results were compared. Standard cognitive and reading measures were used and data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that the experimental participants performed higher than the control group on the overall reading and cognitive proficiency performances. Improved cognitive proficiency was associated with improved reading tasks.
An Examination of Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Prison Misconduct Punishment
Authors: Nur Alexandra V.
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To examine whether the likelihood of guilty dispositions and the manner of sanctioning prison misconduct differs across racial/ethnic groups, with emphasis on sanctions other than solitary confinement. Methods: A random sample of men incarcerated in a large Northeastern state prison system is analyzed. Propensity weights are estimated by Black–White and Hispanic/Latino-White prehearing characteristics. Weighted logistic regression is used to examine guilty verdict, weighted multinomial logistic regression is used to examine type of sanction, and weighted ordinary least squares regression is used to examine length of sanction. Results: Findings reveal disproportionality in the likelihood of receiving a misconduct write-up, though reduced likelihood of guilty verdict among Black charges. Minor non-restrictive sanctions are used less among Black individuals and loss of privileges is used more often among Hispanic/Latino individuals, while disciplinary confinement is used more often among White individuals. Black and Hispanic/Latino individuals receive longer sentences for certain sanction types. Some effects are conditional on offense severity. Conclusions: Differential imposition and length of seemingly lenient sanctions may disadvantage Black and Hispanic/Latino groups for rehabilitative resources, while imposition of solitary confinement may disadvantage White groups in terms of restrictive damages. Parity should be sought in the implementation of sanctions for similarly severe misconduct.
Farmers’ cooperatives in Southwest China: Beyond the dichotomies of failure/success and (in) authenticity?
Authors: Wang Ju-Han Zoe , He Jun , Wilmsen Brooke
Published: December 2023

China has provided strong policy support for Farmers’ Cooperatives (FCs) in a bid to achieve its agricultural ambitions; however, scholars are divided on their contribution. Based upon three in-depth case studies, we interrogate the simple dichotomies used to describe FCs in China – authentic/inauthentic and failed/successful – arguing that FCs can have beneficial implications for smallholder livelihoods regardless of their organisation, operation and viability. Our research finds that local leadership and smallholder-led initiatives are more important than the authenticity and success of local FCs. We therefore call for a more nuanced understanding of the value of FCs and propose that resources should be diverted to other smallholder-led avenues to sustain China's rural development.
Validation of the updated Bosniak classification (2019) in pathologically confirmed CT-categorised cysts
Authors: Lucocq James , Morgan Leo , Rathod Ketan , Szewczyk-Bieda Magdalena , Nabi Ghulam
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The updated Bosniak classification in 2019 (v2019) addresses vague imaging terms and revises the criteria with the intent to categorise a higher proportion of cysts in lower-risk groups and reduce benign cyst resections. The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and inter-observer agreement rate of the original (v2005) and updated classifications (v2019).

Method

Resected/biopsied cysts were categorised according to Bosniak classifications (v2005 and v2019) and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed with reference to histopathological analysis. The inter-observer agreement of v2005 and v2019 was determined.

Results

The malignancy rate of the cohort was 83.6% (51/61). Using v2019, a higher proportion of malignant cysts were categorised as Bosniak ≥ III (88.2% vs 84.3%) and a significantly higher percentage were categorised as Bosniak IV (68.9% vs 47.1%; p = 0.049) in comparison to v2005. v2019 would have resulted in less benign cyst resections (13.5% vs 15.7%). Calcified versus non-calcified cysts had lower rates of malignancy (57.1% vs 91.5%; RR,0.62; p = 0.002). The inter-observer agreement of v2005 was higher than that of v2019 (kappa, 0.70 vs kappa, 0.43).

Discussion

The updated classification improves the categorisation of malignant cysts and reduces benign cyst resection. The low inter-observer agreement remains a challenge to the updated classification system.
Book review: Anne Raffin, Republican Citizenship in French Colonial Pondicherry, 1870–1914 (Asian History)
Authors: Ponnarasu S.
Published: December 2023

Anne Raffin, Republican Citizenship in French Colonial Pondicherry, 1870–1914 (Asian History) (Amsterdam University Press, 2022), 250pp. (Hardcover). ISBN-10: 9463723552.
Socio-emotional Skills and the Socioeconomic Achievement Gap
Authors: Gruijters Rob J. , Raabe Isabel J. , Hübner Nicolas
Published: December 2023

Empirical evidence suggests children’s socio-emotional skills—an important determinant of school achievement—vary according to socioeconomic family background. This study assesses the degree to which differences in socio-emotional skills contribute to the achievement gap between socioeconomically advantaged and disadvantaged children. We used data on 74 countries from the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment, which contains an extensive set of psychological measures, including growth mindset, self-efficacy, and work mastery. We developed three conceptual scenarios to analyze the role of socio-emotional skills in learning inequality: simple accumulation, multiplicative accumulation, and compensatory accumulation. Our findings are in line with the simple accumulation scenario: Socioeconomically advantaged children have somewhat higher levels of socio-emotional skills than their disadvantaged peers, but the effect of these skills on academic performance is largely similar in both groups. Using a counterfactual decomposition method, we show that the measured socio-emotional skills explain no more than 8.8 percent of the socioeconomic achievement gap. Based on these findings, we argue that initiatives to promote social and emotional learning are unlikely to substantially reduce educational inequality.
The effect of physical properties of lost petroleum quantities in vertical tanks at (NRC) Baiji
Authors: Ahmed Alwaise AM , Alrashedi Mohamed A , Mohammed Awad E , Ibrahim Abdullah I , Habeeb Omar Abed , Saleh Sfoog H , Abdulqader Mahmod A , Hussein Omar A
Published: December 2023

One of the main sources of crude oil and product losses in refineries is the storage tanks. The lightest hydrocarbons in these tanks evaporate during operation, causing not only a loss of the precious raw hydrocarbon material but also a source of dangerous gas pollution. For calculating these losses, several direct and indirect approaches have been devised. In this study, we used a method based on the comparison of the differences in the characteristics of crude oil or other products. This work aimed to find the specifications of two products, kerosene and gas oil, and calculate the losses that occur for the quantities in the dispatch warehouse in the NRC. Four samples of kerosene were used and named: kero@02-1, kero@05-2, kero@10-3, and kero@11-4, while four samples of gas oil were named: gaso@02-1, gaso@05-2, gaso@10-3, and gaso@11-4. Also, they depend on the date of certificate issue, respectively. The received quantities were calculated in ml and converted to cubic meters using the tank coefficient (kerosene tank coefficient 0.638 and gas oil tank coefficient 0.408). Calculations were made of 1500 ml for kerosene and 2500 ml for gas oil. In addition, this project dealt with a simplified method of work that includes the physical properties to find the actual quantities that are lost for the mentioned petroleum products. Moreover, the highest losses were for kerosene (5 m3) at sp. gr 0.750, and the highest losses were for gas oil (5 m3) at sp. gr 0.820. The results showed that there is a quantity of fluctuating losses that does not exceed 5 m3 / 1000 m3 and that these losses are in accordance with the permissible limits. The results recommend directing the laboratory tester's teams in the NRC Baiji to conduct periodic examinations of the petroleum products, as well as not to collusion when receiving a low product with laboratory examination specifications to reduce losses in quantities.
Between trust and mistrust: Source evaluation behaviours of Brazilian and French adolescents searching for scientific information on the Web
Authors: Castilhos Washington , Macedo-Rouet Monica , Massarani Luisa , Almeida Carla da Silva
Published: December 2023

In this qualitative study, 41 adolescents from Brazil and France were asked to conduct web-based searches for science-related information. Different search contexts and current socio-scientific issues were used in order to represent a variety of situations that adolescents are confronted with in their everyday life. Subsequently, they were interviewed about their individual searches. We sought to answer three questions: (a) What types of sources do Brazilian and French adolescents access in their searches? (b) Which evaluation criteria do they use to select the sources they access? (c) Do their source choices differ according to the search context? The results reveal that, regardless of search context, the participants demonstrated trust in news sources, and mistrust towards official sources, mostly as a function of the topic. Receiver-related criteria were particularly relevant for the Brazilian adolescents when selecting the sources, while the French participants based their choices more on parameters related to the content. Results suggest how previous knowledge and interest on the topic can influence teenagers’ choices.
Recruitment Barriers of an mHealth Pediatric Asthma Pilot Study
Authors: Wyatt Tami H. , Li Xueping , Fancher Stephanie , Samih Mitoubsi Ala’a , Pardue Jeanann
Published: December 2023

Successful participant recruitment for pediatric studies can be challenging and even result in study discontinuation. In conducting a 2-year pilot study for a pediatric mobile health (mHealth) asthma intervention, a group of researchers experienced multiple barriers and failures in all 4 areas of recruitment: generating initial contacts, screening, consenting, and enrollment and retention. The main failures that resulted in minimal participant enrollment were poor participation, communication issues, and difficulties related to recruiting in an emergency department during a pandemic. The following is a report on this study’s recruitment efforts, including preliminary and adapted strategies, the results of these strategies, and considerations for researchers who conduct studies with children. The research team concluded that frequent and clear communication, flexibility, and a willingness to alter initial recruitment plans are essential elements for recruitment success in pediatric studies.
Generative AI Are More Truth-Biased Than Humans: A Replication and Extension of Core Truth-Default Theory Principles
Authors: Markowitz David M. , Hancock Jeffrey T.
Published: December 2023

Humans often display a truth-bias—the perception that others are honest independent of message veracity—but does this phenomenon extend to generative artificial intelligence (AI)? We had humans and large language models make nearly 1,000 veracity judgments across different prompts. Human detection accuracies were near chance (50%–53%) with notable truth-biases (59%–64%); AI had a substantially greater truth-bias than humans (67%–99%). GPT-4 was also truth-default, not suspecting deception when veracity assessments were unprompted. Together, people and AI judge most information to be true.
Preprofessional teachers’ and speech-language pathologists’ attitudes toward collaborative service delivery in classrooms
Authors: Poll Gerard H , Hoffman Tracey K
Published: December 2023

Despite policies favoring delivery of interventions for children with communication disorders in the classroom, most school-based interventions are delivered outside the classroom. Both teachers and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have been found to have positive attitudes toward classroom-delivered intervention and the collaboration skills required to implement it. The purpose of this study was to explore preservice teacher and SLP attitudes toward inclusive service delivery and perceptions of their collaboration skills. The study used convergent mixed-methods, two-group design with participants completing an assignment requiring interprofessional collaboration. Twenty-nine preservice teachers and SLPs consented to the preassignment survey, and 37 consented to the postassignment survey. Compared to preservice teachers, preservice SLPs more strongly agreed that interventions are best delivered in the classroom. After the collaborative assignment, participants more strongly agreed that SLPs should implement classroom-based interventions. The preservice SLPs more strongly agreed that they had skills to identify children's language needs in the classroom. Barriers to collaboration included differences in goals, role understanding, and level of preparation across the professions. The findings suggest that to foster more inclusive delivery, professional preparation programs require more focus on building skills in respectfully managing differences in what each professional brings to classroom-based language interventions.
Patient and families’ perspectives on telepalliative care: A systematic integrative review
Authors: Hayes Bauer Eithne , Schultz Anders Nikolai Ørsted , Brandt Frans , Smith Anthony C , Bollig Georg , Dieperink Karin Brochstedt
Published: December 2023

Background:

Telepalliative care is increasingly used in palliative care, but has yet to be examined from a patient and family perspective. A synthesis of evidence may provide knowledge on how to plan and provide telepalliative care that caters specifically to patients and families’ needs.

Objective:

To synthesise evidence on patients and families’ perspectives on telepalliative care.

Design:

A systematic integrative review (PROSPERO #CRD42022301206) reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria; primary peer-reviewed studies published 2011–2022, patient and family perspective, >18 years, telepalliative care and English/Danish language. Quality was appraised using the mixed-methods appraisal tool, version 2020. Guided by Toronto and Remington, data were extracted, thematically analysed and synthesised.

Data sources:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched in March 2022 and updated in February 2023.

Results:

Forty-four studies were included. Analysis revealed five themes; the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on telepalliative care, adding value for patients and families, synchronous and asynchronous telepalliative care, the integration of telepalliative care with other services and the tailoring and timing of telepalliative care.

Conclusion:

Enhanced access to care and convenience, as attributes of telepalliative care, are highly valued. Patients and families have varying needs during the illness trajectory that may be addressed by early integration of telepalliative care based on models of care that are flexible and combine synchronous and asynchronous solutions. Further research should examine telepalliative care in a post-pandemic context, use of models of care and identify meaningful outcome measures from patient and family perspectives for evaluation of telepalliative care.
Online control synthesis for uncertain systems under signal temporal logic specifications
Authors: Yu Pian , Gao Yulong , Jiang Frank J. , Johansson Karl H. , Dimarogonas Dimos V.
Published: December 2023

Signal temporal logic (STL) formulas have been widely used as a formal language to express complex robotic specifications, thanks to their rich expressiveness and explicit time semantics. Existing approaches for STL control synthesis suffer from limited scalability with respect to the task complexity and lack of robustness against the uncertainty, for example, external disturbances. In this paper, we study the online control synthesis problem for uncertain discrete-time systems subject to STL specifications. Different from existing techniques, we propose an approach based on STL, reachability analysis, and temporal logic trees. First, based on a real-time version of STL semantics, we develop the notion of tube-based temporal logic tree (tTLT) and its recursive (offline) construction algorithm. We show that the tTLT is an under-approximation of the STL formula, in the sense that a trajectory satisfying a tTLT also satisfies the corresponding STL formula. Then, an online control synthesis algorithm is designed using the constructed tTLT. It is shown that when the STL formula is robustly satisfiable and the initial state of the system belongs to the initial root node of the tTLT, it is guaranteed that the trajectory generated by the control synthesis algorithm satisfies the STL formula. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by several simulation examples and further demonstrate its practical usability on a hardware experiment. These results show that our approach is able to handle complex STL formulas with long horizons and ensure the robustness against the disturbances, which is beyond the scope of the state-of-the-art STL control synthesis approaches.
The return of nature? Negotiating the ‘renaturation’ of the Isar as an envirotechnical landscape
Authors: Tjhin Daniel Aditya
Published: December 2023

How can we trace differing normative values, and especially in alternative imaginaries of environmentally sustainable futures? To address this issue, this article extends the sociotechnical imaginaries framework by providing conceptual tools to understand the underlying rationale of alternative environmental imaginaries—through an envirotechnical analysis. I analyse an urban river restoration project called the Isar-Plan in Munich, Germany, where the notion of ‘renaturation’ was at the centre a controversy over designs for the project. By positing the river as an envirotechnical landscape, the normative dimensions of nature, science and technology within environmental transformations can be constructively integrated within co-productionist analyses in science and technology studies. The article shows how existing societal values are shaped by prior systems and regimes, constructing local imaginaries of desirable environmental futures. Envirotechnical analyses also increase our ability to identify differing normative values, and could thus be further applied in cases where the normative assumptions behind opaque notions otherwise would be left underexplored.
Proposed general diagnostic criteria for secondary headaches
Authors: Lebedeva Elena R. , Olesen Jes
Published: December 2023

Background

The distinction between a pre-existing primary headache and a secondary headache at the onset of a disorder is important and has not been taken into account in the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3. This study aimed to improve the general diagnostic criteria for secondary headaches using results of our previous studies.

Materials and methods

We analyzed characteristics of headaches including their changes in intensity, duration, frequency, localization and side, development of new accompanying symptoms, and therapeutic response at the onset of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) (n = 120, mean age 56.1, 55% females) and ischemic stroke (n = 550, mean age 63.1, 56% females) compared to the control group (n = 192, mean age 58.7, 64% females).

Results

Headache of a new type occurred in 8.4% of ischemic stroke patients and 5% of TIA patients on the day of admission but did not occur at all in the control group. Pre-existing headache with a change of at least one characteristic occurred significantly more often in stroke (5.4%) and TIA (7.5%) than in the control group (1%) (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003 respectively).

Conclusion

The presence of a new type of headache and a pre-existing headache with altered characteristics in close temporal relation to a disorder indicates causality. Based on these data we propose revised general diagnostic criteria for secondary headaches.
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from High-Speed Railway Operations in China
Authors: Shi Wenming , Yang Fuyong , Feng Xuehao , Liu Yiyang , Jin Mengjie
Published: December 2023

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction has become an ever-growing concern in China and the government has proposed the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. To better address this concern, this work pays particular attention to high-speed railway (HSR) operations and examines their spatiotemporal effects and potential mechanism on CO2 emissions. Using a geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to fit a balanced panel dataset from the period 2008 to 2018, we have the following main findings. First, the GTWR model performs better than the pooled panel regression model as it considers temporal and spatial variations in factors of CO2 emissions simultaneously. Second, the temporally varying coefficients of HSR operations indicate their consistent contributions to emissions reduction, suggesting that the national development of HSRs can provide significant emissions reduction benefits. Third, as revealed by the spatially varying coefficients of HSR operations, most provinces can mitigate CO2 emissions by promoting HSRs, particularly in Shanxi, Hebei, and Shaanxi, owing to the larger contributions of HSR operations to CO2 emissions reduction. Finally, the contributions of HSR operations to emissions reduction can be transmitted through the mechanism of technological progress. These findings can offer valuable insights into cross-collaborative and province-specific policymaking for mitigating CO2 emissions.
Crossing the Boundaries of Gender: Care Experiences Among Bolivian Aymara Migrant Women in the Andean Triple-Border
Authors: Lube Guizardi Menara , Gonzálvez Herminia , Araya Isabel
Published: December 2023

This article addresses the results of an ethnography study on the cross-border experiences of Bolivian Aymara women in the Chilean territories of the Andean Triple-border (between Chile, Peru, and Bolivia). Its objective is to test the assumptions of the international literature on the relationship between gender inequalities, care, and migration. Its analytical focus is on the relationship between (1) the constitution of inequalities in the gender division of labor in the women's families and ethnic communities, (2) their productive and reproductive overloads, and (3) the articulation of female care chains that sustain cross-border mobilities.
A Landscape of Micronutrient Dietary Intake by 15- to 65-Years-Old Urban Population in 8 Latin American Countries: Results From the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition
Authors: Monge-Rojas Rafael , Vargas-Quesada Rulamán , Previdelli Agatha Nogueira , Kovalskys Irina , Herrera-Cuenca Marianella , Cortés Lilia Yadira , García Martha Cecilia Yépez , Liria-Domínguez Reyna , Rigotti Attilio , Fisberg Regina Mara , Ferrari Gerson , Fisberg Mauro , Gómez Georgina
Published: December 2023

Background:

Latin American countries have shifted from traditional diets rich in micronutrients to a Westernized diet rich in high energy-dense foods and low in micronutrients.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of adequate micronutrient intakes in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries.

Method:

Micronutrient dietary intake data were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 from 9216 men and women aged 15.0 to 65.0 years living in urban populations of 8 Latin American countries. Dietary intake was collected using two 24-hour recalls on nonconsecutive days. Micronutrient adequacy of intake was calculated using the Estimated Average Requirement cut-off method.

Results:

In general terms, the prevalence of inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folate, cobalamin, iron, phosphorus, copper, and selenium ranged from 0.4% to 9.9%. In contrast, the prevalence of inadequacy of pyridoxine, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin A ranged from 15.7% to 51.5%. The nutrients with a critical prevalence of inadequacy were magnesium (80.5%), calcium (85.7%), and vitamin D (98.2%). The highest prevalence of inadequate intakes was observed in the low educational level, participants with overweight/obesity, in men, and varies according to socioeconomic status.

Conclusions:

There is an urgent need to define direct regional actions and strategies in Latin America aimed at improving micronutrient adequacy, either through staple food fortification programs, agronomic biofortification, or food policies that facilitate economic access to micronutrient-rich foods.