bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of Hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. in white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) from Southern Brazil
Authors: Massini Paula Fernanda , Drozino Ricardo Nascimento , Otomura Flávio Haragushiku , Mongruel Anna Claudia Baumel , Valente Jessica Damiana Marinho , Toledo Max Jean de Ornelas , Martins Thiago Fernandes , Vidotto Odilon , Vieira Thállitha Samih Wischral Jaime , Vieira Rafael Felipe da Costa
Published: July 2019

Abstract Opossums are marsupials from the New World of the genus Didelphis and known as synanthropic animals due to their proximity with human beings. To date, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemodidelphis’ has been solely found infecting the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Accordingly, the aim of this study was to screen eight white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris) from a public park in Maringa city, Paraná State, southern Brazil, for hemoplasma infection. Blood samples were taken from caudal venipuncture, and DNA was extracted and further screened by a pan-hemoplasma PCR assay. Seven out of eight (87.50%; CI 95%: 47.35-99.68%) white-eared opossums were positive for Mycoplasma spp. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA fragment showed 98,97% identity with ‘Ca. M. haemodidelphis’ detected in the USA. Three out of eight (37.50%; CI 95%: 8.52-75.51%) white-eared opossums were infested by Amblyomma dubitatum ticks. This is the first report on detection of a potentially novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. infecting opossums from South America.
Improvement in the water resistance of MAPC coatings as a function of NaCl concentration
Authors: Li Jun , Ji Yong-sheng , Xu Zhishan
Published: July 2019

This study focused on the waterproofing effectiveness of magnesium ammonium phosphate cement (MAPC) coatings at different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0, 3, 5 and 7%). It included qualitative analyses and quantitative tests of the effect of sodium chloride on three characteristics: tensile strength, water absorption rate and thickness of coatings. The influence of the changes in the structure and composition of MAPC coatings on their water resistance performance was also analyzed. It was found that 3% sodium chloride concentration could remarkably improve the waterproofing effect of MAPC coatings. Another finding showed that tensile strength, water absorption rate and coating thickness increased at the very beginning but these decreased as the sodium chloride content increased. Moreover, compared with other concentrations, the structure and composition of MAPC coatings containing 3% sodium chloride were found to be stable in water. The coatings were bonded to the concrete more tightly, which resulted in a more compact structure and thus a higher water resistance effect.
Fibre-reinforced sand-coal fly ash-lime-NaCl blends under severe environmental conditions
Authors: Consoli N. C. , Godoy V. B. , Tomasi L. F. , De Paula T. M. , Bortolotto M. S. , Favretto F.
Published: July 2019

The use of industrial residues instead of virgin materials is a good alternative for a more sustainable approach to disposing of and managing waste. Soil improvement with coal fly ash (CFA) is particularly attractive for geotechnical earthworks. This study investigated the strength, stiffness and durability of Osorio sand-CFA-lime blends with a variety of improvements by assessing the impact of varying the lime content, fibres, sodium chloride (NaCl) and dry unit weight. Moreover, to contribute to a more rational dosing methodology, strength, stiffness and durability results were correlated to the porosity/binder index [η/(Biv)0.28]. Durability was assessed by comparing wet-dry (WD) and freeze-thaw (FT) cycles, and WD cycles were found to present better performance than FT cycles. Ranks were established for the different components of the blends according to the WD and FT results. The addition of NaCl alone was more effective in improving unconfined compression strength (qu) results than fibres alone. While fibres significantly decreased stiffness at very small-strain shear modulus (G0), NaCl increased G0. The application of η/(Biv)0.28 demonstrated that not only can it predict mechanical behaviour, but also the long-term performance of Osorio sand-CFA-lime blends with or without the addition of NaCl and fibres.
Bruselloza Sekonder Primer Psoas Absesi: Nadir Bir Olgu
Authors: DEMİRLİ ATICI Semra , ARICAN Can , AVCI Emran Kuzey , AKALIN Murat , ÇALIK Bülent , AKBULUT Gökhan
Published: July 2019

Primer psoas absesi nadir görülen bir durum olup etyolojisi tam olarak
bilinmemektedir. Hastalar genellikle karın ağrısı, yan ağrısı,halsizlik,ateş yüksekliği,terleme,
kilo kaybı,topallayarak yürüme, bel ve bacak ağrısı şikayetleri ile başvurmaktadır.
Alınan abse kültürlerinde etken olarak çeşitli mikroorganizmalar saptanabilmektedir. Sıklıkla tedavide antibiyoterapi ile kombine girişimsel radyoloji eşliğinde
drenaj uygulanmakta, çok nadir de cerrahi operasyon gerekliliği doğabilmektedir.
YALANCI TROMBOSİTOZ İZLENEN OLGU: ALFA TALASEMİ TAŞIYICILIĞI
Authors: SAYIN Seher , SAYIN Serhat , BURSALI Burak
Published: July 2019

Trombositoz sıklıkla rastlantısal
olarak karşımıza çıkan ancak ayırıcı tanısı önemli olan bir bulgudur. Reaktif
trombositoz yapan nedenler veya altta yatan klonal kemik iliği (
miyeloproliferatif ) hastalıkları açısından değerlendirilmelidir. Periferik
yayma altta yatan nedene yönelik yapılması gereken önemli bir testtir.
Hemogramında trombositoz saptadığımız ancak periferik yaymasında trombositoz
izlemediğimiz bu olgumuzda alfa talasemi taşıyıcılığının bir psödotrombositoz
nedeni olabileceğini gördük.
Mouse dissection and preparation of heart (aortic sinus) and brachiocephalic artery for lesion quantitation by sectioning v1
Authors: Breslow Jan , Teupser Daniel
Published: July 2019

Diabetic complication:
The Mechanism of Legal Regulation of the Municipal Process
Authors: Zabelina E. P.
Published: July 2019

The article reveals the content of the mechanism of legal regulation of the municipal process. The municipal process is considered as an activity of subjects of local self-government regarding application of procedural rules for resolution of local issues and other issues concerning community life. The paper highlights that the mechanism of legal regulation of the municipal process has its own features. These include, in particular, its limitation to the territory of a municipality, the incorporation of municipal procedural rules not only in federal and regional laws, but also in municipal legal acts. The author concludes that the mechanism of legal regulation of the municipal process ensures the exercise of substantive powers of subjects of municipal law.

The paper proposes to recognize the legal institution of the municipal process as an element of Municipal Law of the Russian Federation, as well as to adopt codified acts containing procedural rules ensuring the exercise of substantive powers by local authorities. This is seen as an important condition for improving the efficiency of the municipal process.
Problems of Smart Contracts Application in Transactions in Virtual Property
Authors: Bogdanova E. E.
Published: July 2019

The author examines the features of the use of smart contracts in transactions in virtual property, taking into account the fact that the smart contract is a way of fulfilling those obligations in which the transfer of property provision takes place in the virtual world with the help of appropriate technical means. It should be recognized that the list of virtual property is open, at the moment it includes, for example, cryptocurrency, domain names, «game property», virtual tokens.

The question of the legal nature of objects related to virtual property is relevant: are they a new independent type of property requiring special legal regimes, or are they a form of known property rights? The paper also notes that smart contracts differ in both vulnerabilities in computer code and insufficiently effective legal regulation. Smart contract, in the opinion of the author, is a kind of written (electronic) form of a contract, the peculiarity of which is that the will of the subject is expressed by means of special technical means in the form of program code. In this case, the will to conclude the contract simultaneously means the will to its execution upon the occurrence of certain conditions of the contract circumstances.

In conclusion, the author shows that the automation of performance of obligations in particular and the digitization of contract law in general should not create obstacles to the implementation of the fundamental principles of good faith and contractual justice, to assess the proportionality of the distribution of rights and obligations of the parties, the equivalence of their property.
Políticas Públicas de Turismo e de Cultura no Brasil: uma análise comparada de planos das esferas nacional, estadual e municipal
Authors: Abreu Mariana Tomson de , Gomes Bruno Martins Augusto , Giannini Nadia , Souza Silvana do Rocio de
Published: July 2019

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a interação entre as políticas públicas de turismo e de cultura por meio da análise dos planos nacionais, estaduais e municipais dos dois setores. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental no Brasil com uma coleta de dados envolvendo os Planos Nacionais de Cultura (2010-2020) e Turismo (2018-2022), os Planos de Cultura (2017-2027) e Turismo (2016-2026) do Estado do Paraná e os Planos Municipais de Cultura (2015-2025) e Turismo (201-2017) da cidade de Curitiba. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que os planos municipais de cultura e de turismo são os que apresentaram uma maior interação entre as respectivas áreas. O oposto foi verificado nos planos nacionais de cultura e de turismo. O turismo cultural está presente nos planos de cultura juntamente com participação da comunidade, capacitação, inclusão, renda e interação com os empresários. Já a cultura se manifesta nos planos de turismo relacionada a preservação de recursos culturais, divulgação, diversidade e sensibilização. Assim, conclui-se que apesar dos formuladores e políticas públicas demonstrarem conhecimento da outra área, há uma dificuldade entre os dois setores, principalmente na esfera federal, em definir metas em comum. As estratégias para o turismo nacional têm direcionamentos econômicos e voltados para a geração de renda, enquanto as políticas nacionais de cultura reforçam objetivos de preservação e autenticidade. Logo, investigações sobre a necessária interação entre as políticas públicas de turismo e cultura, analisado, por exemplo, a implementação das mesmas, formam um campo vasto de atuação para os pesquisadores da área.
O ensino primário no Portugal de Oitocentos (1820-1880). Génese e estructuração político-administrativa
Authors: Marques Alves Luís Alberto
Published: July 2019

Resenha do livro. Áurea Adão (2018), O ensino primário no Portugal de Oitocentos (1820-1880). Génese e estructuração político-administrativa.
Escolas rurais na 1ª República portuguesa. 1910-1926. Discursos e representações sobre a periferia
Authors: Beato Carlos
Published: July 2019

Reseña do livro: Jose Antonio Afonso (2016), Escolas rurais na 1ª República portuguesa. 1910-1926. Discursos e representações sobre a periferia.
Dört Kollu Sinyalize Kentsel Kavşaklarda Trafik Kazalarının Sıklığını Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZEN Murat
Published: July 2019

Kavşaklar kentsel yol ağı üzerinde çok az yer kaplamalarına rağmen trafik kazalarının yoğunlaştığı bölgeleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Mersin kent merkezinde sinyalizasyon ile yönetilen dört kollu 39 kavşakta, 2014-2016 yılları arasındaki sadece taşıtların karıştığı ölümlü/yaralanmalı trafik kazaları ile trafik hacmi, kavşak geometrisi ve trafik kontrol özellikleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla Poisson ve negatif binom (NB) regresyon modelleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar kavşağa yaklaşan toplam şerit sayısının artmasının kazaları arttırdığını göstermiştir. Öte yandan, birincil kavşak kollarındaki trafiğin, ikincil kavşak kollarındaki trafiğe oranının atması ve birincil kavşak kollarındaki orta refüj kavşaklardaki kaza sayısını azaltmaktadır.
Betonun Birim Ezilme Kısalması ile İlgili Bir İrdeleme
Authors: KESER Aslı , ERSOY Uğur
Published: July 2019

Betonarme kesitlerin taşıma güçleri hesaplanırken uygunluk denklemlerinin yazılabilmesi için beton birim ezilme kısalmasının (ε_cu) bilinmesi gerekmektedir. TS 500’de ve Amerikan Yönetmeliği ACI 318’de birim ezilme kısalması tüm beton sınıfları için 0.003 varsayılmaktadır[1,2]. Eurocode’da ise normal dayanımlı betonlar için ε_cu=0.0035 alınmakta, yüksek dayanımlı betonlarda ise ε_cu’nun beton dayanımı ile değiştiği varsayılmaktadır[3]. Bu çalışmada yapılan varsayımların ne derece doğru olduğu irdelenmektedir.
Neuroglobins: a look into the future
Authors: DUBEY Ayush , DUBEY Shubham
Published: July 2019

No abstract available.
KUALITAS BATUBARA FORMASI TANJUNG DI DAERAH SEKAKO, KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Wiranata Beny , Amijaya Hendra , Anggara Ferian , Tanggara Deddy N.S.P.
Published: July 2019

Formasi Tanjung yang berumur Eosen merupakan salah satu formasi pembawa batubara di Cekungan Barito, Kalimantan Tengah. Kualitas batubara merupakan suatu parameter penting khususnya dalam proses pemanfaatanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas batubara Formasi Tanjung di Daerah Sekako, Kalimantan Tengah. Sampel batubara diambil dengan menggunakan channel sampling ply by ply dan kemudian dilakukan analisis laboratorium meliputi analisis proksimat, ultimat dan nilai kalori. Batubara seam A dan B Formasi Tanjung di Daerah Sekako memiliki kandungan lengas total 1,98 – 4,33 (wt%, ar), kandungan abu 2,79 – 9,05 (wt%, adb), zat terbang 35,14 – 39,50 (wt%, adb), karbon tertambat 53,47 – 59,41 (wt%, adb), nitrogen 1,51 – 1,86 (wt%, adb), total sulfur 0,29 – 1,54 (wt%, adb), nilai kalori 15.889,93 – 17.235,44 (Btu/lb mmmf) dan fuel ratio 1,35 -  1,66. Batubara tersebut secara umum merupakan batubara high volatile A bituminous. Batubara tersebut berpotensi dimanfaatkan baik sebagai thermal coal maupun sebagai batubara coking. Kata kunci : kualitas batubara, Formasi Tanjung, Cekungan Barito
How Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Understanding in Challenging Chaotic Environments
Authors: Hafezi Reza
Published: July 2019

Decision-makers are concerned with the inherent complexity of the modern world's markets. However, price fluctuations, environmental concerns, technological development, emerging markets, political challenges, and social expectations made the 21st century's more dynamic and complex. From a policy-making perspective, it is vital to uncover future trends. This paper proposed that artificial intelligence can improve interpretations in complex markets, such as financial and energy markets. In a complex environment, it is critical to investigate maximum available input features to ensure no valuable informative feature is neglected. Some AI-based models are investigated and presented that AI-based models can successfully uncover future trends. From a scenario development perspective purified input features subset refer to driving forces which shape alternative futures. Results showed that using AI can improve our understanding of how input features influence future behaviors and simultaneously improves prediction accuracy and reliability.
Measurement of H2O Molecule and Hydroxyl Concentrations in Hydrous Rhyolitic Glass by UV–Vis–NIR Dispersive Microspectroscopy
Authors: Miwa Takahiro ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
Published: July 2019

The speciation of water in volcanic glass, as indicated by the relative proportions of H2O and OH-, provides information on the processes of volcanic eruptions. Earlier studies of water species used ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) dispersive spectroscopy to examine the NIR spectra of volcanic glass but were unable to confirm whether areas as small as 100 μm across could be studied. Here, UV–Vis–NIR dispersive microspectroscopy was applied in a study of hydrous rhyolitic glass synthesized by decompression in a cold-seal pressure vessel at 880°C. The concentrations of water species were determined by transmittance spectroscopy, with results consistent with those of Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. The measured total water contents were consistent with the known solubility of water in rhyolitic magma, and, therefore, it is concluded that UV–Vis–NIR microspectroscopy can be applied in determining the concentrations of H2O and OH- in hydrous rhyolitic glass.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDONESIAN CRIMINAL CODE DERIVED FROM THE YUDICIAL PARDON VALUE IN ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri Endah , Hafidz Jawade
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to make efforts to develop the Criminal Code derived from the yudicial pardon value in Islamic law as a law that lives and thrives in society. The Criminal Code as the basis of criminal law enforcement is a legacy of the Dutch era which do not know peace to end up the case. It is not in accordance to Pancasila as the basis for legal development in Indonesia. Research method used socio legal and qualitative data analysis. The result of the research claims that Islamic law is a legal source in the development of the justice Criminal Code, forgiveness is possible in the jarimah-hudud and qisas-diyat in solving the criminal case. Implementation in the development of the Criminal Code needs to be added to the reason for the abolition of criminal prosecution if between the perpetrator and the victim is already forgiven, further, in the case of a crime with a slight loss the judge may decide to be forgiven even if the defendant is found guilty.
DEVELOPING AND TESTING THE CONSTRUCT VALIDITY INSTRUMENT OF TADZKIYATUN NAFS
Authors: Firdaos Rijal
Published: July 2019

This research aims to develop and test the construct validity of the tadzkiyatun nafs instrument at the Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty of UIN Raden Intan Lampung. The Population of this research was the students of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty that consisted of 150 students. The method employed in this research was survey technique by using Likert Scale parameter. The result of the empirical research states that 37 items of the Tadzkiyatun Nafs instrument are spread out into five dimensions. The result of construct validity by using factor analysis proved that several numbers of items that have been estimated are 37 indicators with the value of > 0.30, out of 39 items, assuming that all items are estimated in accordance with the theory being constructed. The two other indicators are < 0.30 which then eliminated. The two items that were eliminated are item A4 on the Tauhid dimension, and point A11 on the shalat dimension. The implications of this research are expected can contribute to the progress of Islamic civilization, especially in relation to scientific integration by integrating Islamic sciences as its subject, and exact science as its methodology.
UMER CHAPRA CONTRIBUTION IN BUILDING MUSLIM CIVILIZATION
Authors: Farida Umma
Published: July 2019

The idea of Umer Chapra in building Muslim civilization was based on his research on the position of Muslims who from time to time more and more felt strange with the civilization and Islamic values itself, even the civilization was gradually increasingly eroded and marginalized by Western culture. He tried to restore the Muslim position which should be done as the Messenger of Allah had pointed out, and their positive role in building civilization. The Islamic civilization has the power that lies in the development of morals and material strength. For Chapra, the moral development without being integrated with the economic development cannot be realized. And at the same time, this economic development must also have a worldview and strategy that is in line with religious objectives (maqashid asy-syari’ah). The development of Muslim civilization requires the transformation of human beings and their institutions, focusing in the increasing of education and personality development, and the simultaneous mobilization of material, economic and technological resources for the rearrangement of community structures over the principles of deliberation and accountability, unity, independence and justice.
Moral and Science Integration in The Qur’anic Education Perspective
Authors: Asy'ari Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Education is a very important factor for humans, because it can determine the progress of a nation. Man is not only directed to the increase of knowledge, but also moral or morals. In the concept of Islam, education and teaching must be integrated between science and morals. The approach used by the Qur’an in educating and teaching humanity is to achieve balance and harmony symbolized by hasanah fi ad-dunya wa hasanah fi al-akhirah. After man sincerely worship him, then burdened with education and teaching related to educating, teaching and guiding his soul, such as obeying parents, respect for the elder, love the younger and so forth. It is intended by the Qur’an that man is always holy and keep the holiness that God gives. While the power of human thought is directed to read and analyze and conclude the signs and signs of God’s greatness. In such circumstances the Qur’an will be able to give direction, educate and teach people to the path of ultimate life happiness.
Developing Value Based Services for Indonesian Microtakaful
Authors: Firdaus Achmad
Published: July 2019

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) found that the poor and low income people were reluctant to join as insurance participants. OJK has conducted many socialization activities about microinsurance for low-income people which aimed to increase their literacy of insurance. SMES (Sederhana – Mudah – Ekonomis – Segera) services aim to increase insurance inclusion. The study aims to propose a model of value-based service on microtakaful. The service refers to SMES (Sederhana – Mudah – Ekonomis – Segera) and Maslahah Performa value. SMES value to explain the value expected by takaful participants. Maslahah performa to explain the fulfillment of needs to sharia demands by takaful operator. The SMES variable is developed into various sub variables according to SEOJK. Maslahah performa is elaborated to get worship orientation variables and internal process orientation which then be developed into various sub variables. The sub-variable weight is determined according to the importance level of each sub variable. The research finds that a value-based microtakaful service model can be derived from the SMES approach and maslahah performa. There is a linkage between the value-based microtakaful service according to participant expectation and spirituality and sustainability. The reasearch will contribute to increase literacy of microinsurance.
Measuring Perceived e-Services Quality on Satisfaction of Islamic Saving and Credit Cooperatives
Authors: Ningsih Ekawati Rahayu , Haryono Tulus , Sawitri Hunik Sri Runing , Harsono Mugi
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of banking e-services quality on satisfaction of Islamic Saving and Credit Cooperatives. At present the banking sector is in a global business that prioritizes electronic services based on advances in information technology. The type of research methodology is field research and uses quantitative analysis based on primary data from 229 respondents total in Central Java Province. The results of testing the data using PLS Version 3.0, show that banking e-services quality has an effect on satisfaction of Islamic Saving and Credit Cooperatives. This is indicated by the magnitude of the e-services quality path coefficient on satisfaction and its significant is 0.461 to alpha 0.05, and t-value of the statistic is 7.754 * greater more than the t table is 1.65. this is indicates that e-services quality has a positive effect to satisfaction.
Minimum Sand Transport Conditions in Gas-Solid-Liquid Three-Phase Stratified Flow in Horizontal Pipelines
Authors: Fajemidupe Olawale T. , Aliyu Aliyu M. , Baba Yahaya D. , Archibong Archibong E. , Okeke Nonso E. , Ehinmowo Adegboyega B. , Yeung Hoi
Published: July 2019

Producing sand during oil and gas production is unavoidable. Sand is produced along with oil and gas and its deposition in pipelines is a significant risk as it can cause pipe corrosion and flow assurance difficulties. It is therefore key that flow conditions are sustained to guarantee lack of deposition of sand particles. The minimum combination of mixture velocities that guarantee continuous sand motion is known as the minimum transport condition (MTC). Here, we investigate the effect both of sand concentration and particle diameter on MTC in a horizontal pipeline in the stratified flow regime. Non-intrusive conductivity probes were utilised for the detection of sand. These sensors are commonly used for the measurement of film thickness in gas and liquid flows, but we demonstrate their use here for sand detection after suitable calibration. It was observed that at the ultra-low sand concentrations of our experiments, MTC increases with both sand particle diameter and concentration. We developed a new correlation based on Thomas's lower model but included a sand concentration correction term that also applies at low particle concentrations. The correlation's predictions compared favourably with our measurements at MTC as well as data obtained from the open literature at medium concentrations.
Improvements to the Dynamic Material-Balance Method of Reservoir Surveillance
Authors: Lawal Kazeem A. , Okoh Oluchukwu M. , Yadua Asekhame , Ovuru Mathilda I. , Eyitayo Stella I. , Ramaswamy Sunil
Published: July 2019

Given sufficient performance and other data, material balance (MB) is a common method of determining the hydrocarbons initially in-place (HCIIP) in a reservoir. The application of this method requires, as a minimum, historic cumulative production (including injection) and average reservoir pressure. However, determination of historic average reservoir pressures would require shut-in of wells, hence production deferments. As an improvement to the classical MB, the dynamic material balance (DMB) method was developed by Mattar and Anderson (2005). Unlike the MB method, direct measurements of average reservoir pressure are not critical to DMB. In its basic form, the implementation of DMB requires historic production rates, flowing bottomhole pressures and cumulative production, thereby eliminating associated deferments. Although DMB has performed satisfactorily in some applications, its overall robustness remains to be fully explored.

This paper conducts rigorous sensitivity checks on selected DMB models. Based on insights gained, their relative strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. To keep the problem tractable, detailed simulations are performed on different three-dimensional (3D) multiphase homogenous reservoir models of known HCIIP. Different cases are simulated, generating relevant performance datasets to evaluate DMB. The parametric tests conducted on this undersaturated compressible oil reservoir include (i) constant vs. variable production rates; (ii) rate hysteresis; (iii) vertical vs. horizontal well; (iv) single vs. multiple wells; (v) healthy vs. damaged well; and (vi) variable skin factors, with hysteresis.

Within the parameter space examined, simulation results show that DMB performance (e.g. HCIIP) is sensitive to some of the parameters and subsurface realisations investigated. Against this background, some improvements and guidelines are proposed to enhance the capability and performance of DMB as a technique for reservoir surveillance.
Injectivity Monitoring & Evolution for Water Injectors in a Deepwater Turbidite Field
Authors: Onwuchekwa Vincente , Usman Musa , Wantong Paterne , Biu Victor , Oukmal Jed
Published: July 2019

Water injection is one of the key improved recovery techniques used for pressure maintenance and sweeping. Throughout the life of a field, changes in injectivity can have an effect on reservoir pressure management and sweep efficiency which both have a direct impact on production.

This study aims to present an original methodology to analyse the performance of water injectors in a deepwater turbidite field and evaluate the evolution of their injectivity over time.

An injectivity monitoring tool was developed by incorporating injection flowrate and pressure data with the following analytical techniques: (i) Instantaneous Injectivity Index, (ii) Hearn Plot or Reciprocal Injectivity Index, (iii) Hall Plot, (iv) Derivative Hall Plot and (v) Pressure Transient Analysis.

The injectivity monitoring tool was able to capture subtle changes in injectivity and demonstrate the long term trend of stable injectivity in this field, even in situations where only wellhead pressure and injection flowrate were available.

The resulting analysis showed that there is very good injectivity for all water injectors in this field with little or no degradation over time. One of the key drivers for the good injectivity is the water injection process philosophy in this field. This process consists of injecting deaerated seawater with biocides in order to prevent bacterial growth which causes near wellbore plugging. Another contributing factor to the good injection performance is the presence of injection valves which enable each injector to perform downhole shut-ins to stop migration of fines and curtail any possible water hammer effect when intermittent injection shut-ins required.

It was furthermore found that there was no significant difference in injectivity that could be associated to deviation angle or completion type (Stand Alone Screens (SAS) or Expandable Sand Screens (ESS)). Injectors completed with SAS however appeared to exhibit increased injectivity with increasing screen length but no such correlation was apparent between screen length and injectivity for injectors with ESS.
Rotary Steerable Directional Jetting Service Successfully Delivering Step Change in Directional Well Design for Soft Sediment Formation in Deepwater Nigeria
Authors: Osita Humphrey , Foekema Nico , Oredolapo Olawale , Ozioko Raphael , Chapoulie Antoine , Omojowolo Kehinde , Okoroafor John
Published: July 2019

This paper describes the successful technique to start a kickoff below the 36-in. conductor casing with much higher dogleg severity (DLS) capability than a conventional motor directional drilling method in a soft sediment formation by using a rotary steerable system (RSS) equipped with directional jetting. This technique uses a rotary steerable system (RSS) equipped with directional jetting to provide the operator with a step change in directional well design for reaching shallow reservoirs with inclinations close to horizontal.

The challenging aspect of the well design was that only 650m (2133ft) of TVD was available to perform the directional work. This section consisted of weak and soft sediment formations that did not support conventional directional drilling methods.

To address the operator's challenge, it was determined that a RSS configured for directional jetting could deliver the higher DLS for the optimal well trajectory. This system combines two techniques, rotary steerable and directional jetting, to achieve the directional objective. This field-proven application was successfully used by several operators, as described in SPE-173057-MS, and applied in this deepwater low-UCS environment. The extensive engineering evaluation, using finite-element analysis and torque-and-drag calculations, confirmed the bottom hole assembly (BHA) design was technically feasible without compromising safety and drilling efficiency.

Three wells successfully delivered all directional objectives with this technique. The highest inclination was recorded in the top hole as planned; the sailing angle was lower compared to other wells drilled with conventional directional drilling methods, and the target sands reached at an angle close to horizontal. Completions ran without issues. This technique delivered above 3°/30m DLS in the deepwater soft formation and all future wells for this operator will use this technique for the tophole drilling.
A Mechanistic Approach to Subsea Gas Pipeline Capacity Utilization – Case Study
Authors: Umuteme Ogenethoja , Umeh Ebuka
Published: July 2019

One of the biggest challenges after the initial gas field discovery lies in the transportation. The natural gas supply is constructed in such a way that transportation remains an integral part of the gas utilization system. This is because the operator has to understand the mechanism behind transporting from the well to the wellhead; from the wellhead to the topside while efficiently avoiding hydrate formation; from the topside to the processing facilities and from the processing facilities to the delivery point for the final consumers.

This paper was structured to address subsea gas pipeline flow assurance issues relating to the initiation of hydrate and internal corrosion. Through experience and extensive literature studies, an Optimization Systematic Model was developed. This model is procedural in nature, incorporating both risk analysis and predictive models. The model was further used to investigate the susceptibility of the case study, Inter-western African Gas Pan Pipeline (IAGPP), to hydrate and internal corrosion. The results of the case study confirmed that the model is helpful in that it can bring flow assurance issues to management focus. This research suggested a new derived equation – the Thermo-Mechanistic Model (T-MM), used to explain PIPESIM simulation results and the optimization options. The T-MM can be used to understand the behavior of gas enthalpy to variations in gas pipeline flowrate. In general, there is a need to keep gas pipeline capacity optimization in focus; to proactively avert cases of hydrate and internal corrosion by using the model developed. Learning from the IAGPP case study also shows that there is the need to accurately assess gas availability for transmission.
Rigless Recompletion Using Cement Packer – EROTON E & P Experience
Authors: Emeka Onyeka , Adeeyo Yisa , Etim Augusta , Oluwalade Opeyemi , Ohabuike Onyema , Okene Uzoamaka , Bakor Leziga , Ukauku Ikwan , Afolabi Niyi , Esimaje Jolomi
Published: July 2019

With global Oil prices still recovering from the down cycle and coupled with high cost of drilling new wells, EROTON E & P has devised strategies to manage declining oil production, increase oil production from her existing assets and add new reserves through team integration and improved subsurface data management by using fit-for-purpose technology (cement packer) and other collaborative tools.

Cement packer technology is a relatively fast-to-deploy and cost-effective rig-less intervention technique that allows easy access to hydrocarbon reserves behind pipe which are located above and between production packers in wells where the existing completion intervals have reached their economic limit. This technology can be used to separate a new zone earmarked for completion from other intervals including non-hydrocarbon zones. The cement plug is pumped into the allocated space to serve as an effective production packer. This becomes viable and economic option when the interval is above an existing parker. Cement packer activity can be carried out using a rigless unit with the benefit of significant cost savings while achieving seamless isolation of the production intervals.

One example from the strings of successful cement parker operation, among a few others, is the CAAK-040 well in CAAK field. The well was drilled in 1988 and completed on X3050B and Y4050B reservoirs. Both intervals quit in 2001 at BSW above 80%. After the integrated subsurface evaluation using all available data including CO logging acquired across the existing and proposed completion intervals, CAAK-040 was proposed for a zone change. A rigless workover intervention of the well was executed and the production interval switched from Y4050B to C8000B reservoir on the new short string using cement packer technology to isolate Y4050B completion and recomplete in the new target sand. CAAK-040 did not flow after the cement packer and perforation operations were successfully executed and the well had to be lifted to production using a temporary gaslift system.

Currently, the well is performing above the planned potential of 1500bopd from C8000B reservoir. This paper will discuss the lessons learnt and best practices from the cement packer and re-perforation of CAAK-040 using a rigless workover unit.

There is continuous monitoring to ensure all approved company procedures and minimum standards are strictly adhered to.

To date, we have a total of five (5) wells that have been recompleted and reserve added using cement packer. This activity has accelerated the production system unlocking of short-term oil generation (STOG) production of over 5,000 b/d of oil in one-year target. The average total cost of this operation is about 20-30% of a conventional workover. Thereby saving the company over $20m with added rewards of reactivating shut-in wells and producing reserves that were previously sub-economical and inaccessible.
Ecological Remediation of Heavy Metals in Crude Oil Polluted Waters Using Duckweed
Authors: Ekperusi Abraham O. , Sikoki Francis D. , Nwachukwu Eunice O.
Published: July 2019

Heavy metals are present in crude oil produced worldwide in varying concentration as impurities. Such metals are also exposed to the environment when oil spill occur. In this study, we applied the duckweed, Lemna paucicostata as an ecological based treatment method for the phytoremediation of heavy metals present in crude oil polluted waters. Duckweed was applied in an artificial constructed wetland mesocosm contaminated with crude oil to simulate a spill site. Heavy metals were analyzed following established guidelines using AAS for a 60-day period. The results showed that heavy metals reported in this study were above permissible limit. Initial cadmium, chromium, lead and vanadium decreased by 4.36, 7.06, 17.95 and 2.47% after 15 days respectively and then decreased further by 11.21, 19.94 and 32.4% for Cd; 13.15, 16.9 and 13.76% for Cr; 20.51, 30.77 and 41.03% for Pb; and 4.12, 15.66 and 26.37% for V after 30, 45 and 60 days respectively. There was no significant difference between the mean values of the metals across the duration. The result of this study showed that duckweed moderately removed heavy metals from crude oil polluted waters. Extending the duration of the study could increase the potentials of the plant to remove a higher amount of metals from the contaminated media. This result could be translated to real life application as an ecological base tool for the sustainable remediation of metals in crude oil polluted environment.
Evaluation of the Inhibition Efficiency of Plant Extract PE as Gas Hydrate Inhibitor in a Simulated Offshore Environment
Authors: Elechi Virtue Urunwo , Ikiensikimama Sunday Sunday , Ajienka Joseph Atubokiki , Akaranta Onyewuchi , Onyekonwu Mike Obi , Okon Okon Efiong
Published: July 2019

This present study emphasizes the inhibition capacity of a local inhibitor, Plant Extract (PE) on structure I (sI) gas hydrate. The Plant Extract (PE) was screened using a mini flow loop made of 316 stainless steel of internal diameter of 0.5-inch encased in a 4-inch PVC pipe skid mounted on a metal frame work fitted with pressure and temperature gauges, mixer vessel, pumps and control switches. Pressure and Temperature readings were recorded for 120 minutes. Plots of Pressure and Temperature versus Time for 1, 2 and 3wt% of the local inhibitor alongside Pressure versus Time plot of PE and MEG were done as a way of comparison. Calculations for Inhibition Efficiency (IE) for local inhibitor PE and MEG was also done. 1wt% of the plant extract (PE) had a high inhibition efficiency of 84.21% while 2 and 3wt% had inhibition efficiency of 60.53% and 73.68% respectively. The overall inhibition efficiency of Plant Extract (PE) was higher than that of MEG for 1wt% (60.53%) and 2wt% (55.26%) but had the same efficiency at 3wt% (73.68%). The optimum weight percentage for PE is 1wt% because of its high efficiency. It is clearly shown that Plant Extract (PE) is a better gas hydrate inhibitor which is gotten from nature and is environmentally friendly unlike Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) which is synthetic and toxic to both human and aquatic life. It is therefore recommended for field trial.
Production and Characterization of Tyrosinase Enzyme for Enhanced Treatment of Organic Pollutants in Petroleum Refinery Effluent
Authors: Osuoha Justice Obinna , Abbey Bene Willie , Egwim Evans Chidi , Nwaichi Eucharia Oluchi
Published: July 2019

One of the cruel environmental quagmires confronting the Petroleum industry is the high organic pollutant levels in the bio-treatment unit of its refinery wastewater treatment plants which is not in line with the design specification. High level of organic pollutants in discharged non-compliant effluents from petroleum refineries leads to varied environmental hazards. Wastewaters discharged from petroleum refineries are characterized by the presence of toxic pollutants like phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metal derivatives, etc. Numerous enzymes from plants, fungi and bacteria have been reported to be involved in the degradation of toxic organic pollutants but with limited field trials. The present study focuses on production and characterization of enzyme, tyrosinase expressed by native microorganisms in refinery wastewater and its application in the removal of organic pollutants from petroleum refinery effluents. A total of 10 microbial strains were identified and isolated from refinery wastewater and screened for expression of tyrosinase using standard microbiological methods. Among 10 isolates, 4 isolates; Bacilus subtilis, Verticillium sp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus flavus were selected for enzyme characterization and production based on the magnitude of the zone of clearance they produced. Tyrosinase was produced in broth and partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and Sephadex G-75. The purified enzyme was immobilized in sodium alginate and was used for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater. Results revealed that the immobilized enzyme significantly removed phenol and PAHs present in the wastewater by 95 %, and 89 % respectively. These findings highlight the viability of enzyme, tyrosinase, for the degradation of organic pollutants in petroleum-derived effluents.
Gains of an Effective Community Management Framework: The OML26 Experience
Authors: Okpowo Blessyn , Ageh Ebenezer , Agodo Peter , Okon Akpan , Mfon Bassey , Emmanuel Tata
Published: July 2019

The Oil Mining License (OML) 26 Asset is in Isoko North Local Government Area, about 60km east of Warri in Delta State, an onshore asset in the northern Niger Delta. NPDC and FHN are partners for a joint operation of the mining lease and currently executes its function through an Asset Management Team (AMT), comprising employees of NPDC and FHN.

The company (OML 26 JV) entered into a Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMOU) with OML 26 host communities to create an understanding and guide its relationship with the communities. The GMOU did not produced the desired result as OML 26 operations have often been interrupted by Community related issues. There is a lack of mutual trust on both sides and the Community and its agents tend to hold the company to ransom at the slightest opportunity. In a bid to reverse the trend, the AMT took the initiative to step back and assess the root cause of the acrimony, thoroughly engage the right elements within the Community to gauge their perspectives, and then developed a series of initiatives aimed at regaining the trust of the host communities. A framework is being developed that has engendered collaboration with the host communities (within its operating area) to build a mutually beneficial and symbiotic relationship that enables each party to achieve their goals and aspirations albeit in a peaceful, hitch free atmosphere. The AMT in line with the vision of the JV Partners is committed to sustainable community development, human capital development and capacity building, economic empowerment, and infrastructural growth. This paper highlights the key elements of the framework and the engagement strategies that has enabled the AMT to enjoy relative peace and operational stability while ramping up production and executing developmental projects in the communities.
Horizontal Matrix Injector Stimulation in Unconsolidated Sand
Authors: Ekebafe Abraham O. , Tobechukwu Ezeokafor , Skaioye Ololade T. , Raymond Lawani
Published: July 2019

The AX field is located in Deepwater Offshore Nigeria and has been in production for ca.12 years through FPSO with a waterflood scheme providing pressure maintenance and sweep for the reservoirs. Over the years, AX field has moved from the use of deviated frac-pack injectors to horizontal SAS injectors due to significant declining injectivity observed with the deviated injectors.

The switch to horizontal injectors was premised on various studies proposing that horizontal water injectors in deep water are expected to have longer well life due to the larger flow area and ability to inject at lower flow velocities (matrix condition) compared to vertical water injectors. The benefits of going horizontal is further enhanced by keeping the well in Matrix mode for as long as possible before switching into frac mode. However, damage is inevitable afterwards, even for relatively clean injection water. This may be primarily due to various factors, one of which is fines influx into the well during abrupt shut-ins/trips from the FPSO.

AX field started operating horizontal injectors since 2011. On the average, most horiziontal injectors in AX field begin to experience injectvty decline about 1 – 2 yrs after start of injection as was the case with AX9 injector.

AX9 is a horizontal injector providing support to 2 producers in the field. Over the past four years injection had declined from 40 kbwpd to 21 kbwpd at 395 barg IBHP with II of 20 bpd/psi. This drop in the injectivity index led to a production curtailment of ca. 5 kbopd from the supported producers.

From a cross learning opportunity, it was identified that there is higher possibility of success (POS) with stimulating horizontal water injectors while still in matrix mode. Leveraging on this knowledge we decided to attempt stimulating the AX9 well for better performance.

Stimulation was carried out successfully under matrix condition using a deepwater rig in May 2018. Post stimulation, well was ramped up to 43 kbpwd at 330 barg IBHP. Increase of ca. 15 kbwpd with a corresponding 21% drop in BHP. Initial performance shows a four-fold improvement in injectivity index; current injectivity index is 80 – 100 bpd/psi.

The success of the AX9 stimulation has validated early stimulation of injectors while still in matrix mode rather than later when the well would have switched to frac mode. Additionally, the acid recipe has opened opportunities to mitigating injectivity decline in deepwater water injectors.