bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis Mechanism and Microstructure Characterization of BaIn2O4
Authors: Ren Ping , Zhou Li Cheng , Zhang Jun Xi , Yun Hong
Published: October 2011

The synthesis mechanism and microstructures of BaIn2O4 particles were analyzed by simultaneous thermogravimetry - differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Firstly, In(OH)3 and BaCO3 precursors were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Next, during the sintering process In(OH)3 initially decomposed into In2O3 and water, and then BaCO3 reacted with In2O3 to synthesize Ba4In6O13. Finally, Ba4In6O13 and In2O3 further reacted to form BaIn2O4. The obtained BaIn2O4 particles were in monoclinic structure and exhibited high crystal quality. The grains were tightly bound together and their boundaries became blurry. The grain sizes increased with increasing the sintering temperature.
Energy Supply by Energy Forest in Enköping Sweden
Authors: Chen Jie , Zhong Ye Xi , Ni Cai Ying
Published: October 2011

Green structure can not only be used for energy saving system, but also can be an energy production source called bio-energy, to support the use of renewable energy sources for generating electricity and heat. The district heating system in Enköping has connected all mayor buildings in the town and also most of the single-family houses. In 1994 a CHP plant was commissioned on bio-energy and in 1997 an oil-fired boiler was converted to wood powder. Since then all electricity and all heat produced are based on bio-energy.
Study on the Relationship between Exploitation of Soil and Water Resources and Redistribution of Salt in Inland Arid Plain Area
Authors: Li Qiao , Zhou Jin Long , Li Xian Wen , Jia Rui Liang , Zhao Yu Jie
Published: October 2011

Abstract. By investigating the soil salt content and groundwater quality of typical profiles of soil and water development regions in Fukang City and Hami City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, this study analyzed the redistribution characteristics of salt content in soil and groundwater under the conditions with or without horizontal drainage in the initial stage of reclamation. The results showed that many soil salts accumulated in the reclamation area could be discharged from the farmland under horizontal drainage conditions in the initial stages of reclamation, so the salt contents of soil and groundwater below the cultivated horizon were low; but in reclamation areas with shaft well drainage instead of horizontal drainage in the initial stages of reclamation, the salt in the surface stratum leached into the soil and groundwater below the cultivated horizon due to the descent of the groundwater level.
Three Gorges Cascade Hydropower System Joint Simulative Optimal Operation Research in Power Market
Authors: Zheng Jiao , Yang Kan , Zhou Ran , Hao Yong Huai , Liu Guo Shuai
Published: October 2011

The short-term joint optimal operation simulation of Three Gorges cascade hydropower system aiming at maximum power generation benefit is proposed. And a new method for optimizing cascade hydropower station based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) with trigonometric selective operators is presented. In this paper, the practical optimal operation in power market is described. The temporal-spatial variation of flow between cascade hydropower stations is considered, and time of use (TOU) power price is also taken into account. Moreover, a contrast between Tangent-roulette selection operator and traditional one is made. To a certain degree, the results of simulative optimal operation based on several representative hydrographs show that Tangent-roulette wheel selection operator can find a more excellent solution, because the Tangent-roulette one can overcome the fitness requirements of non-negative. The research achievements also have an important reference for the compilation of daily generation scheduling of Three Gorges cascade hydropower system in the environment of power market.
Development of an Analytical Protocol for the Determination of Polybrominated Biphenyls in Water by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Chen Han Yu , Zhuang Hui Sheng
Published: October 2011

A novel immunoassay has been developed for the quantitative determination of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) using indirect competitive format. A new method was developed to synthesize PBBs congener (PCB15) hapten and its artificial immunogen, then the polyclonal antibodies. The assay was optimized concerning the coating conjugate and antibody concentration, incubation time and temperature, the tolerance to organic solvents and so on. Under optimized conditions, PBB15 can be determined in the concentration range of 0.01-100 μg L-1 with a detection limit of 0.02 μg L-1. The cross-reactivities of the assays were below 8%. While water samples could be analyzed directly.
The Method of Material Flow Analysis about Circular Economy in Coal Mining Area
Authors: Song Xiao Qian , Li Zhong Xue
Published: October 2011

Coal plays an important role in economical development and social progress, how to use it efficiently and how to set up circular economy system and evaluate its efficiency is a topic of most concern.Material flow analysis is provided as a useful to in the field of circular economy in coal mining area. In this paper, circular economy development model in coal mining area is analyzed, based on this, the framework about coal flow in circular process of coal production and usage is put forward. The method of the evaluation about the circular economy in coal mining area is also given out.
The Practice Issues of Shantytowns Redevelopment from the Perspective of Urban Regeneration
Authors: Dong Li Jing , Zhang Xia
Published: October 2011

The goal of shantytowns redevelopment is to improve urban appearances and inhabitant's environments and enhance urban images and inhabitant's qualities of life. So far, numerous cities in China set about to reconstructing the project of shantytowns. However, the majority of shantytowns redevelopments have focused on dismantling houses rather than systematically rebuilding the shantytowns. Aiming at this issue, we explored the relations of shantytowns redevelopment and urban regeneration and drew on quite a lot of domestic and foreign experiences and lessons of slum redevelopment, which suggested that shantytowns redevelopment is involved in not only the pure physical regeneration, but also social regeneration, associated with economic recovery, community rebuilding and cultural reconstructions. By analyzing the case of shantytowns redevelopment of Fuxin city in Liaoning Province, we found a large quantity of questions exhibited by the current shantytowns redevelopment.
Analysis of the Material Removal Rate of Micro-Hole Machining of Ceramic Materials
Authors: Wang Shu Lung , Chueh Ting Yu
Published: October 2011

This study discussed what rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) and tool geometry parameters combination can obtain bigger material removal rate (MRR) in drilling. The experimental configuration of this study was planned using Taguchi orthogonal array, where the drill diameter, rotation speed, power and feed rate were taken as the experimental factors. A relation model among the MRR and standard deviation of the holes walls and processing parameters and tool geometry was established, so as to achieve maximum MRR of the overall deep holes walls. The experimental results proved that application of the optimized parameters combination in rotary ultrasonic machining of holes processing can obtain bigger and better removal rate of holes walls. The effect of control factors on the holes quality was discussed from the straightness deviation and maximum material removal rate of related factors on the holes when the Taguchi method was used in rotary ultrasonic machining of holes drilling. The results showed that rotation speed, power, and feed rate under bigger level have a larger MRR than that of other level in a fixed drill diameter.
Research on the Comprehensive Control Technology about Gas in the Large Mining Height and Extended Mining Face for the High Gas Mine
Authors: Li Hua Min , Yang Zheng Kai , Xiong Zu Qiang , Li Dong Ying , Wen Wang
Published: October 2011

The paper describes the three-tier stereo comprehensive management gas model for the mining height and extended mining face in the high gas mine. The model consists of gas drainage with surface drilling, progressive and shielding gas drainage with 1000m drilling machine from underground and so on. The measures make it easy to realize the combination of surface fracturing and gas extraction, establish the model of cooperation methane drainage from the surface and underground. Meanwhile, the ventilation type, three incoming-air gateways and two returning-air gateways, is used in the mining face. It can effectively avoid exceeding gas in the upper corner of mining face. It can guarantee safe and high-efficient mining. The green mining technology for coal and gas for simultaneous extraction is easily realized. It has important guiding value for mine gas management at similar conditions.
Characteristics and Classified Evaluation of Reservoir in Pay Zone II and III of Lower Part of Lower ZuunBayan Formation in Block B of South Buir Oilfield
Authors: Tan Wan Cang , Li Ya Guang
Published: October 2011

Block B of South Buir Oilfield is located in the Eastern Province of the People’s Republic of Mongolia. Main oil reservoir is pay zoneⅡof L.L.Z (K1n1 II), followed by pay zone Ⅲ of L.L.Z (K1n1III) and pay zone I of L.L.Z (K1n1I). For the purpose of studying the petrological characteristics, physical properties and pore structures of the reservoir of pay zone Ⅱ and Ⅲ of Lower part of Lower ZuunBayan, a large numbers of scanning electron microscopes, thin sections, casting thin sections and well logging data were analyzed. Pyroclastic rock is the main lithology of this area, pores in the L.L.Z are mainly complete intergranular pores, dissolved pores, the formation is a reservoir of lower porosity and permeability to intermediate porosity and medium permeability. Classified evaluation shall be carried out to reservoirs, according to standard of reservoirs classified evaluation, porosity and permeability data of ordinary physical property analysis and mercury injection data analysis, and corresponding mercury injection parameters. Comprehensive evaluation of reservoirs at pay zone Ⅲ is type Ⅲ, reservoirs of pay zoneⅡ is type Ⅱ.
Based on Artificial Neural Network Modeling of White Birch Natural Forest at Daqing Mountain in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zhang Qiu Liang , Zhao Zhi Hua , Song Cheng Shuang
Published: October 2011

Make natural forest birch at Da Qingshan nature reserves in Inner Mongolia as the research object. The data is from the National Second-Class investigation data in 2006 by Inner Mongolia survey and design institute of forestry in 2006. Take 8 forest centre as study areas. All these datas would be sifted, and chosen the datas which the varieties of trees is white birch and the formation of the tree species is pure forest classes. The total of data is 4785. Use of Matlab software log-the sigmoid type function (logsig) and linear function (purelin) for the role of neurons. Based on the function of the concept of stand growth model, we choose age requirement (A), status level (N) and crown density (S) as input variables and the forest accumulation per hectare (M) as output variables to build and ttrain the stand growth BP artificial neural network model. And test the model fitting precision and inspection accuracy , the model fitting precision is 99.93%, inspection accuracy is 97.79%, these show that neural network modeling has better fitting precision and adaptability for the stand growth, and has good prediction ability.
Anti-Corrosion Properties of Composite WC-Ni Based Brazing Coatings
Authors: Zhang Da Quan , Gao Li Xin , Wu Huan
Published: October 2011

The flexible metallic cloth was made of mixed powder consisting of WC and organic blend. A brazing coating was obtained through the high temperature brazing of the metallic cloth in vacuum furnace. The anti-corrosion of the brazing coating was investigated by weight-loss method and electrochemical measurements. The surface morphology observation was conducted by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the composite coating has superior corrosion resistance compared with 316L stainless steel.
Utilization of High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke and Sulfur Transfer Behavior
Authors: Wang Xiao Rui , Jin Ming Lin , Qian Hui Cun , Gao Nan , Hou Xiao Ming , Liu Xue , Huang Jun
Published: October 2011

The presence forms of sulfur in High-sulfur petroleum coke and high temperature transfer was studied in this paper. It was found that a part of sulfur escape in the form of gaseous compounds through heating coke without air. The present structure of sulfide is inferred to be thiophene according to XPS spectra. The scientific calculation for amount of high sulfur petroleum coke can be continued according to the sulfur content of petroleum coke, sulfur transfer agent and permissible content of sulfur in the coke. The gaseous sulfur caused by the high sulfur petroleum coke which is directly used as boiler fuel and coal blending can be recycled through the original sulfur purification recovery system, meanwhile, the purification load rises.
Research on Chemical Composition and Ensiling Characteristics of Banana Stems and Leaves
Authors: Yang Jin Song , Tan Hai Sheng , Zhai Hai Rui , Wang Qian , Zhao Nan , Cai Yi Min , Li Mao , Zhou Han Lin
Published: October 2011

In order to investigate the nutritive and ensiling characteristics of banana stems and leaves, the chemical compositions of banana stems and leaves were analyzed and the effects of additives on fermentation quality were measured. The research results showed: Banana stems and leaves had high fiber content (stem>58% DM, leaf >72% DM), nitrogen free extract content (>50% DM), and water soluble carbohydrate contents (WSC>5% DM), with certain nutritive value. Tannins of banana stem and leaf were 0.11% DM and 0.24% DM. There were lactic acid bacteria (>105cfu/g FM) in the banana stems and leaves; they might be well preserved with some treatments.
China Import and Export Emergy Analysis
Authors: Fan Xiao Shan
Published: October 2011

Import and export from China’s environmental and economic systems are analyzed to study current resources utilization by emergy anaysis. Domistic resource, purchased energy, materials input and outputs in environment and human society were identified. The emergy contrastive analysis between import and export from 1985 to 2005 reveals that the majority of resource depletion has been brought about by China’s internal booming development, China’s economy has benefited from recent international trade, and China makes great contributions to the world economy. However, increasing resource depletion impels China into exploiting indigenous resources and depending increasingly on international resource markets. The amount of waste generated as the main byproduct of resource depletion grows continuously every year, so domestic increasingly rigorous ecological and environmental problems is unavoidable.
A New Method for Quantitative Calculation of the Reservoir Thickness
Authors: Xing Zhan Tao , Chen Kai Yuan
Published: October 2011

Thickness of reservoir has a direct and close contact with oil and gas exploration and development, reservoir thickness is directly related to success and failure of the exploration and development. The main problem of the Seismic exploration is the limit of the resolution, geophysical workers have done a lot work, but the effect has been not obvious. Mainly to the following questions: 1、it is difficult to determine the boundaries of the reservoir；2、the limits of the resolution still exists. In this paper, through the study of the high-resolution sequence Stratigraphy and fine calibration, we used the sequence boundary and flooding surface to build the initial model, and then the density inversion was done to indentify the oil and gas reservoir. On the basis of the inversion, the density ranges of the sandstone in the sequence were calculated through geostatistics, and then we correctly calculated the thickness of the sandstone in every sequence, in this way we not only solved the problem of reservoir boundaries, but also improved the resolution.
Alkali Diagenesis and its Genesis of Xujiahe Sandstone Reservoir in South-Central Sichuan Basin
Authors: Zhang Sheng Bin , Liu Zhen , Liu Hong Jun , Song Ya Hui , Li Xin Min , Xu Tao
Published: October 2011

Alkali diagenesis has been discovered firstly in Xujiahe formation in Sichuan basin. Alkali diagenesis is characterized by quartz dissolution pore. Based on thin section identification, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis, and considering the geological background, the characteristics and formation mechanism of alkali diagenesis in Xujiahe formation are studied thoroughly. The results indicate that the sandstone reservoir in Xujiahe formation has experienced a strong diagenesis and entered the stage of late diagenetic B. Diagenetic environment experienced a transition from acidity to alkalinity. Secondary pores produced by quartz dissolution contribute for the better quality of Xu_2 reservoir.
Construction of Solar PV Power Generation Remote Monitoring System in the Architecture of Internet of Things
Authors: Xu Xiao Li , Wang Huan
Published: October 2011

With the widening application of solar PV power generation, a way of solar utilization, the safe operation of PV power generation system is increasingly valued. To assure the operating safety and reliability of PV power plant, monitoring system has to be installed to identify and eliminate faults of the plant immediately. Solar remote monitoring system in the architecture of internet of things (IoT) is comprised of sensing layer, information transmission layer and application layer. The sensing layer consists of sensors for monitoring environment, PV module and inverter; the information transmission layer consists of ZigBee access unit, access network, WEB server and Internet; and the application layer consists of IoT application fault diagnosis module. The remote monitoring system provides scientific decision-making reference to the safe operation and daily maintenance and management of PV power generation system through data acquisition, fusion, analysis and evaluation.
Study on the Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Two-Phase Flow Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Removal by Membrane Method
Authors: Li Yan Chao , Hao Zhi Wu , Zeng Xian Ping , Li Fang Qin , Ren Jian Xing
Published: October 2011

In this paper, membrane absorption method was introduced. Analyzed and studied flue gases passing in the shell side (hollow fiber membrane) and in the pipe side (membrane lumen) respectively. Total mass transfer coefficient and de CO2 efficiency were calculated. For flue gases passing in the pipe side, total mass transfer coefficient was 1.1191×10-4m/s and de CO2 efficiency was 73.8%; while for flue gases passing in the shell side, total mass transfer coefficient was 3.4701×10-4m/s and de CO2 efficiency was 98.0%. The results showed that the flow of flue gas flowing in the lumen is better than the flow of flue gas flowing out of the hollow fiber membrane from the point of views of removal rate and mass transfer. To build de CO2 experimental devices, flow of flue gas flowing in the pipe side was proposed.
Research on Land Utilization and Cultivated Land Protection in Urban and Rural Planning
Authors: Guo Chun Yan , Wan Ting
Published: October 2011

Starting from analyzing current land utilization in China, this paper tries to find the related problems and their causes. The approaches to the saving and intensification of land utilization are suggested in economic construction, urbanization, and cultivated land protection in respects of theory, technology and administrative policies, to offer effective support for rapid urbanization, modernization and marketing and safeguarding of land utilization.
To Solve the Hydropower Station Optimal Scheduling with Time-Varying Prices Based on Bees Algorithm
Authors: Rui Jun , Xue Jing , Ming Liang
Published: October 2011

A new kind of intelligence optimization algorithm - Bees Algorithm (BA) is introduced, which is developed in recent years and is easy to realize, extremely quickly to convergence. Using the algorithm, the article solves optimal regulation of hydropower stations with time-varying price. Actual example proves the validity and fast astringency of BA. Thus, an additional method is proposed for solving optimal regulation of cascade hydropower stations.
A Study on the Roof Fracture Mechanism of Large Cutting Height Workface in Shallow Thick Coal Seam
Authors: Xing Ping Wei , Song Xuan Min , Fu Yu Ping
Published: October 2011

Based on the high mining height of large cutting height workface in shallow thick coal seam and the few falling waste rock in goaf, the key roof can not be supported effectively, the facture mechanical model of key roof was established. The theoretical calculation formula of key stratum fracture step and working resistance of support were obtained by using fracture mechanics. The results show that the fracture step of key roof relate to not only the mechanical character of key roof and the load of overlaying rock seam, but also the working resistance of support and horizontal pressure in key roof. The reasonable working resistance of support and the step of roof fracture were analyzed in 1-2coalmine 51104 face of a mine in Dongsheng area. The theoretical results are well agreeable with the field measured results.
Study on Rural Environment Problems and Countermeasures during China's Acceleration of Urbanization
Authors: Yang Zai Fu , Yao Chuen Yun , Xu Lian Lian
Published: October 2011

Abstract: Along with the rapid development of rural economy and the acceleration of urbanization, environmental pollution have gradually penetrated into China's rural areas and became more and more serious. the present situation of China's rural environment problems were analyzed and some effective countermeasures and suggestions for how to protect China's rural environment.
Adsorption of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution by Peanut Shell
Authors: Gong Zheng Jun , Tang Cong Cong , Sun Cai Yun , Tang Lu , Chen Jun
Published: October 2011

A natural peanut shell was used as adsorbent for removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution. Optimum conditions for the elimination of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution were established by means of a batch adsorption technique. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms for the present system was tested. The Langmuir adsorption capacity Qmax (mg/g) is 39.68 and the equilibrium constant b is 0.00776. The Freundlich adsorption capacity k is 0.978 and adsorption intensity n is 1.65. The goodness of fitness was obtained with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms from the equilibrium adsorption data.
Study on Simultaneous Nitrification–Denitrification in Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Xin Lu , Sun Kai
Published: October 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of membrane bioreactors (MBR) for organics and nitrogen removal. The membrane bioreactor was fed with domestic sewage and operated at different contents of dissolved oxygen (DO), different hydraulic retention time (HRT), and various mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentrations. The results showed that the distribution of DO level in MBR imposed a significant effect on simultaneous nitrification–denitrification (SND), and the optimal DO concentration should be controlled between 0.5 mg/L to1 mg/L. The denitrification was found to show the best performance for total nitrogen (TN) removal when the HRT reached 5 hours. Higher MLSS concentration led to the improvement in TN removal and the optimal MLSS concentration was 9000mg/L. In fact, more than 90% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were reduced when the MLSS concentration exceeded 3000mg/L.
Mechanical Properties and Life-Cycle Sustainability Aspects of Natural Fibre
Authors: Kao-Walter Sharon , Mfoumou Etienne , Ndikontar Maurice
Published: October 2011

In order to understand the basic definition of the natural material, references of recently published articles were studied. From these articles, the definition of different terms like renewable material, recyclable material, biodegradable material, sustainable material and finally natural material were collected. Furthermore, a classification of natural fibre was drawn. One of these natural fibres - the coconut was chosen for a more detail analysis in mechanical point of view. An integrated method to analyse the sustainability of the coconut fibre as one of the blend components in building construction will be suggested. Finally, several uses of the fibre are reviewed.
Bactericidal Activity of Photocatalytic Reaction in Aqueous Media by the TiO2-Coated Stainless Steel Sieves
Authors: Chang Yi Tang , Lin Chin Hsing , Chang Yu Jie , Chiang Cheng Che
Published: October 2011

Thin films with the high content of Ti coated on the stainless steel (SS) sieves were successfully prepared through the sol gel method. Photocatalytic reaction on the TiO2-coated SS sieves with UVA (ultraviolet light with the range of 315-400 nm) radiation is effective to destroy three selected bacterial strains with log-phase period. As a result, bactericidal ability was achieved to 77% in aqueous media. Amount of bacterial numbers, 3.4×107 CFU/ml can be removed in this study, compared with our previous study, 1.85×103 CFU/ml in the air media. Good contribution of bactericidal ability in 385 nm UVA radiation or heavy metals including Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni and Ti from the SS sieve was obtained as the range of 30-76%. The percentage of 10-17% contribution of bactericidal ability was increased with the photocatalytic reaction additive. It concluded the performance of bactericidal ability in aqueous solution is ascribed to the combination of UVA radiation, heavy metals on the sieve and photocatalytic reaction. The SS sieve coated with TiO2 particles can be applied as a disinfectant for the effluent of wastewater treatment plant or water supply system in the future.
Analysis and Study on Centrifugal Rotating Speed Control of Small Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Zhu Guo Quan , Chen Guo Ping , Li Lang , Dai Lu Bing
Published: October 2011

Wind power is a clean renewable energy. It plays an important role in changing environmental condition and economic development. Wind turbine is a wind energy capture control. Rotating speed control of wind turbine blade is one key problem of wind power generator technology. Through analyzing the theory of centrifugal rotating speed control, this paper carried out the experiments on centrifugal rotating speed control device of small wind turbine blade, and analyzes the effects of different wind speeds on rotating angle of wind turbine blade. A method of rotating speed control has been mentioned. The experimental results and analysis have certain reference value for design and rotating speed control of wind turbine blade.
An Efficient and Recyclable Imidazolium Salts-Functionalized Mesoporous Catalyst for Microwave-Promoted Knoevenagel Condensations in Solid Medium
Authors: Xu Yu Long , Sun Chuan Shou , Liu Guo Hua
Published: October 2011

A convenient method for the preparation of imidazolium salts-functionalized mesoporous catalyst Me-Bmim-SBA-15 (2) by postgrafting [bmIm]OH on SBA-15 was developed. This catalyst presented excellent catalytic activities (more than 96% yields for all tested aldehydes) for Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes and ethyl cyanoacetate under microwave irradiation in solid medium. Of particular note is that such a catalyst could be readily recovered and reused in the consecutively catalytic runs (up to 10 uses) while maintained high catalytic activity.
Dissipation and Evaluation of Metaldehyde Residues in Cabbage Grown in Open Fields
Authors: Ma Yong Qiang , Wu Xiao Li , Zheng Zun Tao , Yang Ying , Wang Chen , Zhang Hong Yan , Meng Li Xuan
Published: October 2011

The residual levels and dissipation rates of metaldehyde in cabbage and soil at three main cabbage-growing areas in china were determined by A simple，rapid and sensitive analytical method with liquid chromatography with TripleQuad mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0005,0.0005mg/kg for soil and cabbage, respectively. The mean half-life of metaldehyde was 5.84 days in cabbage and 3.17 days in soil. The final residues in cabbage and soil detected at 7 days after the last spreading were considerably all below 1mg/kg (the MRL of China). Low residues in cabbage and soil suggest that this pesticide may be safe to use under the recommended dosage.
A Study on Disposal of Sludge of the A/O of Denitrogenation when Enhance by Zeolite and Chemical Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Qin Ping , Cheng Guan Wen , Wu Zhi Chao , Huang Xiang Feng , Zhang Fei Juan
Published: October 2011

The result showed that, after addition of a suitable content zeolite to A/O tank, the zeolite sludge had a low resistance and a high membrane flux. The heavy metals in municipal wastewater were inactivated and types of organic matter were adsorbed by the sludge containing zeolite, while sludge compressibility was decreased. It also changed the chemical composition of the sludge and added the inorganic substances such as silicon, aluminum, potassium and sodium, which obviously influenced the way the sludge could be reused.
Analysis of Low-Temperature Oil-Degrading Bacteria for Municipal Wastewater in Northern Winter
Authors: Guang Hui , Wang Ji Hua , Cui Di , Liu Xiang , Feng Shan Shan
Published: October 2011

In the cold area, there always exists the problem to treat low-temperature sewage in winter by bio-treatment technology, but it is difficult to reach the criterion since the low efficiency and the high difficulty. Domestic wastewater is a high concentration of oil wastewater and if it is discharged directly without treatment, it will affect the water body reoxygenation and its self-purification process, which endangers the water ecosystem. The study tried to tackle the problem from the morphology and physiology perspective of microorganisms. The sewage water samples were taken from a residential area and eight cold-adapted strains with high oil degradation capacity were isolated and at the temperature of 5°C. The bacteria were identified and determined the genus through physiological and biochemical tests and fatty acid identification system. The effect of pH value on the oil degradation rate was investigated. The results showed that the optimal culture conditions were 5°C, 7.0 of initial pH, peanut oil as carbon source. Under the conditions, the bacteria had the higher degradation capacity.
Study of Roasting Fe2O3/EPDM to Remove Crude Oil in Water
Authors: Liu Xiu Qi , Xing He Qin
Published: October 2011

In our study, a new kind of material for oil adsorption was prepared by melt blending with EPDM as the matrix and roasting Fe2O3 as the filler. The effects of dicumylperoxide (DCP) and roasting Fe2O3 contents on the oil absorbency were studied. The results show that the oil absorbency reaches the highest value for the roasting Fe2O3/EPDM composite with 2 wt % DCP and 30 wt % roasting Fe2O3. Comparing the oil absorbency for three samples, the experimental result indicates that the oil absorbency of roasting Fe2O3/EPDM composite is higher than that of EPDM (crosslinked) and EPDM.
DSC and SEM Analysis on Bound Water Characteristics in Sewage Sludge
Authors: Wang Wei Yun , Li Ai Min , Zhang Xiao Min
Published: October 2011

Water structure present in sewage sludge with different moisture content was analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC).The sharp endothermic peaks that appeared at 6.14°C(95.87%wet basis),5.22°C(87.20%wet basis),1.33°C(71.20%wet basis).The calculation results , amount of bound water based on peak temperature and peak area, could account for stick phase of sewage sludge combined with SEM analysis results. Finally,mechanical mechanism of different phases(liquid phase, sticky phase, granule phase) were tentively described by schematic diagrams.
Processing the Precipitate and Waste Water Formed in Refining Crude TiCl4
Authors: Wang Ming Yu , Wang Xue Wen , Zhang Li Ping
Published: October 2011

The recovery of vanadium and copper from the precipitate and the waste water formed in the removing vanadium from crude TiCl4 with copper wire was investigated. For the processing of the precipitate, the brief flow includes dechlorinating, H2SO4 leaching copper, crystallization blue vitriod, as well as NaOH leaching vanadium, followed by ion exchange enrichment vanadium; the copper and vanadium leaching percent was 88.4% and 84.3%, respectively. For the processing of the waste water, the coprecipitation process was used, after that the discharged wastewater could meet with the National Standards. The precipitate formed in coprecipitation process was first leached by NaOH solution for recovery of vanadium, and then the leach cake containing copper was leached by H2SO4 solution for recovery of copper; the overall vanadium and copper recovery was 79.5% and 86.8%, respectively.
Compatible Component Parameter Selection Plan of Temperature Sensing Resistor in Reciprocating Temperature Control Circuit
Authors: Wang Ji Fang , Sun Xiang Dong
Published: October 2011

The core component is temperature-sensing resistor in the temperature control circuit. If the resistor is still used in the circuit after its wearing off, temperature control point deviation will be caused and working requirements are not being met. Temperature-sensing resistor requires to be replaced frequently while the components with the same performance are not readily available. In this paper, computer simulation technology and bi-directional parameter scanning are introduced to analyze the influences on circuit which are caused by compatible circuit component parameters. Thus, a circuit parameter selection plan, designed to correspond to specific temperature sensitive resistor, is formulated to adjust temperature-sensing resistors with different specifications to achieve the same control effect.
Baseline Concentrations of Trace Metals in Grassland Topsoils from West Jilin Province, Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Qing Wei , Chai She Li , Cai Jing , Gao Li Na
Published: October 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the baseline concentrations of trace elements in grassland topsoils from 155 soil sampling sites in West Jilin province, Northeast China, to establish the relationships between the trace metal contents and soil physicochemical properties and major oxide contents and among trace metal concentrations themselves, and to identify the possible sources of trace element in soils. The baseline concentrations of trace elements(mg/kg) were: As 3.12-14.18, B 16.17-49.08, Cd 0.037-0.127, Co 0.96-15.28, Cr 18.87-60.83, Cu 10.81-24.75, Hg 0.004-0.035, Mn 171.25-657.87, Mo 0.08-1.15, Ni 6.79-30, Pb 12.58 -26.08, Se 0.03-0.36, and Zn 18.93-61.03. The upper baseline limits of these elements were all less than the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, the Dutch Intervention Values for Soils, implying that trace element contents in the studied soils were of the safety levels.Fe2O3 and Al2O3 had stronger correlations with most trace elements than other oxides, and Co,Cr,Cu,Mn, Ni were highly correlated one another. Three types of geochemical associations were distinguished from this study:the first association involving As,Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Zn,Al2O3 and Fe2O3 was mainly associated with Al,Fe-Mn oxides and/or with the Al-bearing clay minerals, suggesting that the trace elements were mainly derived from lithogenic and pedogenic processes; the second association including Se, Hg, Cd, CaO and organic carbon was mainly associated with organic matter and calcium oxides, showing that Se,Hg and Cd were mainly contributed by anthropogenic sources; the third association containing B, Na2O, K2O, MgO, pH, and electrical conductivity was mainly associated salinization processes of soils, implying that alkaline pH and high Na contents would enhance B concentration of soils.
Research on Scheduling Optimization of Wind Power Integrated System
Authors: Lu Jin Ling , Zhang Cheng Xiang , Mao Shuai
Published: October 2011

This paper studied the scheduling optimization problem of the wind power integrated system. A power system scheduling model was established aiming at minimizing the generation cost and reducing pollution. A method combined priority-list method (PL) with multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) was proposed to overcome the blindness of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and improve the calculation speed. The priority-list method was used to sort the units. The simple economic dispatch result was taken as the initial location of particles. Adaptive mutation was introduced to guarantee the diversity of particles. The simulation result indicates that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and reasonable.
The Analysis on Voltage Stability of Power System Including Different Wind Generator
Authors: Guo Li Ping , Shao Li Xia , Guo Han , Xing Yan
Published: October 2011

Output power characteristic of wind generator has different influence on PCC voltage stability, which consists of three kinds wind generator- constant speed induction wind generator, doubly-fed variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) wind generator(DFIG), and direct-driven permanent magnetic synchronous generator ( PMSG).This article establishes simulation model of power grid interconnected by wind farm under Matlab environment, and writes flow calculation procedures. The simulation results show that doubly-fed VSCF wind generator and direct-driven PMSG can improve PCC voltage stability when the fault happened in wind power grid integration.
Voltage Stability of Medium and Low Voltage Distribution Networks with Wind Generation Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform
Authors: Xie Guang Long , Zhang Bu Han , Mao Cheng Xiong , Li Yan
Published: October 2011

Nowadays the voltage instability problems occur in the distribution grid due to the integration of more and more fluctuant distributed generators. This paper focuses on voltage stability of distribution networks with wind generation. A voltage stability index is presented, and calculated by an expanding Newton-Raphson power flow method in which the wind power generation nodes are modified according to the P-Q(V) character. In order to obtain the key components of fluctuant wind power, the Hilbert-Huang transform algorithm is utilized to reveal the inherent characteristics of wind power. The extrema extending method based on the mirror periodic is used in the empirical mode decomposition and can handle the end effects. According to the Hilbert spectrum and instantaneous energy of each intrinsic mode functions, the components with lower instantaneous frequency are selected to rebuild the wind power. The new rebuilt series consist of stationary and monotonic components which are smoother, and the rebuilt series can reflect the main fluctuant characteristic of the initial wind power data by comparing the index.
Unity Power Factor Control of a Direct-Driven Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind-Power Generator Based on Three-Level Converter
Authors: Liu Shu Xi , Li Shan , He Juan
Published: October 2011

Direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) has become an important research subject besides the double-fed induction generator. With the increasing of unit capacity, the study of topology of high power converters based on multi-level converter is attracting more and more attention. The study of vector control of the direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous wind turbines based on three-level converter is carried out in this paper. Based on the maximum wind-energy capture control of the PMSG, the unity power factor operation of PMSG is realized by controlling the d-axis current to zero in the generator-side converter. A detailed comparative study of two-level system and three-level system is conducted. The simulation results verify the validity of this algorithm.
Analysis of Ecological Service Value in Vulnerable Karst Area of Southwestern Guizhou
Authors: Zhang Feng Tai , Wang La Chun , Su Wei Ci , Liang Yu Hua , Shao Ji Xin , Zeng Chun Fen
Published: October 2011

The domestic and foreign evaluations of ecosystem service value are difficult to draw on results accepted by the public and academia. This reflects the research methods are still not mature, need to continue to be improved. In this paper, an attempt has been made to give urban unit value of ecosystem services and set up the values per unit area in southwestern Guizhou of China, in accordance with unit value of global ecosystem services developed by Costanza, et al., Chinese one by Xie, et al. and the actual situation of karst region. The analysis revealed that in the study area, the total ecosystem service value is $1.876×109 in 2006, equivalent to 104.3% of 2006 GDP (Gross Domestic Product), $1.799×109（1US$=7.8136，2006）. If the rocks change into forest in the study area, ecosystem service value will add $0.221×109, equivalent to 12.28% of GDP in 2006. Therefore, we conclude that the ecosystem services value is higher, compared to the local economy. In addition, the rocky desertification area is larger, and has already seriously influenced ecosystem service function. The tasks of ecological environment protection, propaganda and education in this region are of great significance.
Research on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Ellipse Wing Sail
Authors: Hu Yi Huai , Zeng Xiang Ming , Li Song Yue
Published: October 2011

A kind of novel airfoil sail is proposed in this paper based on the research of traditional arc wing sails. The aerodynamic characteristic- the lift coefficient and drag coefficient is numerically calculated with FLUENT 6.0 and the results are verified by wind tunnel test. It is proved that the aerodynamic characteristic of the novel sail is much better than the arc wing sail.
Residue and Dissipation Dynamics of Fluopyram in Cucumber and Soil
Authors: Guan Wen Bi , Ma Yong Qian , Zhang Hong Yan
Published: October 2011

The dissipation dynamics and final residues of fluopyram in cucumber and soil were studied. Cucumber and soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up by PSA, determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The LOQ of this method was found 0.003 mg/kg. The results of residual dynamics experiment showed that the half-lives of fluopyram in cucumber and soil were 3.7-4.3 days and 5.8-6.2 days, respectively. Residues of fluopyram in cucumber were all below 0.5mg/kg at both recommended high dosage and 1.5 times of recommended high dosage.
Economic Analysis and Experimental Study of Solar Cooling Tube Combined with Building
Authors: Zhao Hui Zhong , Yan Kun , Liang Hai Bin , Sun Xiao Cui , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2011

The solar cooling tube and the economic analysis were studied for supplying cooling and heating capacity on the building. The following conclusion could be drown: The refrigerating output of a single solar cooling tube was about 2 W to 13 W varying with the time. And the unit made up by 20 solar cooling tubes could supply about 3.96 MJ cooling capacity and 10.73 MJ heating capacity. The investment of the solar cooling tube combined with average 20m2 building is about 46000 RMB at present price and the fixed number of years necessary for redemption is about 7.5 years.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Large Wind Turbine Blade Based on Davenport Wind Speed Model
Authors: Zhang Jian Ping , Li Dong Liang , Liu Yu , Wu He Len , Ren Jian Xing , Pan Wei Guo
Published: October 2011

Fluctuating wind speed spectrum, which is closer to the actual working conditions, was simulated by davenport wind speed model, and displacement and stress distribution of blade under fluctuating wind speed were calculated by finite element analysis software. The numerical results indicate that the growth trend of vibration amplitude for whole blade at flapping direction is nonlinear along the wingspan. The max von-mises stress appears when the vibration amplitude of tip reaches the maximum, and it is mainly concentrated in the central part of the blade. The stress at trailing edge and tip is smaller than the central part. Above results provide a reference for the strength safety design of wind turbine blade.,Fluctuating wind speed spectrum, which is closer to the actual working conditions, was simulated by davenport wind speed model, and displacement and stress distribution of blade under fluctuating wind speed were calculated by finite element analysis software. The numerical results indicate that the growth trend of vibration amplitude for whole blade at flapping direction is nonlinear along the wingspan. The max von-mises stress appears when the vibration amplitude of tip reaches the maximum, and it is mainly concentrated in the central part of the blade. The stress at trailing edge and tip is smaller than the central part. Above results provide a reference for the strength safety design of wind turbine blade.
Study on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia Nitrogen in Aquaculture Wastewater by Sn4+-Doped Nano-TiO2 under UV Irradiation
Authors: Yu Xiao Cai , Zhu Peng Fei , Zhang Min , Guo Ji Yao , Zheng Xv
Published: October 2011

The Sn4+-doped nano-TiO2 particles with various amounts of dopant Sn4+ irons was prepared by sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate(TEOT) as one of the primary raw materials at different calcination temperatures (400-700°C). The products were characterized by XRD and SEM, which revealed that the crystal structure of Sn4+-doped nano-TiO2 changes from anatase to rutile with the calcination temperature increasing, and the nanoparticles diameter was around 10-30 nm. The photocatalytic degradation of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture wastewater was investigated by using Sn4+-doped nano-TiO2 under UV irradiation. The experimental results can be stated as follows: when the ratio of dopant Sn4+ was 3% wt, the calcination temperature of Sn4+-doped nano-TiO2 was 500 °C, the dosage of Sn4+-doped nano-TiO2 was 0.8 g/L, respectively, if the reaction time may last 4h, the removal rate of ammonia-N was expected to reach 87.13%.
Dynamics of Soil Microbial Properties of Substrate in Vegetation Restoration of Rock Slope
Authors: Wu Zhen Ru , Jia Guo Mei , Cao Li Na , Chen Fang Qing
Published: October 2011

Soil microbial properties have been proved to be powerful indicators of soil quality. This study analyzed the changes in soil moisture content, soil bulk density and porosity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and microbial biomass of Substrate in vegetation restoration of Rock Slope. The results showed that soil moisture, soil porosity, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and C/N increased significantly, and soil bulk density decreased gradually compared with bare rock Slope. Therefore, the results suggested that the vegetation restoration of Rock Slope could improve soil quality.
The Research of Verifying Low Voltage Ride through of Double-Fed Wind Turbine Generator System and Voltage Dropping Simulation
Authors: Xing Zuo Xia , Chen Lei , Xue Li Chen , Zhang Yong Xing
Published: October 2011

In order to maintain the stable operation of grid system, the grid company requires wind turbine generator system with low-voltage ride through (LVRT) capability. With this issue, the article builds a double-fed wind turbine generator system model, Crowbar circuit strategy model to protect rotor-side inverter and fault pitch control strategy model to inhibition rotor speed during grid fault. Then all the models and strategies are verified by the simulation of grid low voltage. The simulation results show that these models can complete LVRT.
Study on the Economic Model of the Household Wind Turbine and Grid Joint Power Supply System
Authors: Wang Shao Nong , Li Yong Guang , Wu Zhen Wu
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the household wind turbine and grid joint power supply system, indicates the outstanding advantages of the system: energy saving, environmental protection, security and so on. And the economic model is established, based on the wind speed information of Shanghai, to analyze the economic development potential.