bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of total LDH and its isoenzymes as markers in preeclampsia
Authors: Fazal Rimsha Saleem , Chandru Swetha , Biswas Monalisa
Published: November 2019

Background

Preeclampsia, a rapidly progressing pregnancy-specific multi-systemic syndrome is globally the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the serum total Lactate dehydrogenase levels in women with preeclampsia when compared to normotensive pregnant women and assess the electrophoretic pattern of the LDH isoenzymes in normal pregnancy, preeclampsia and eclampsia.

Methods

The study, carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of MVJ Medical College, included 30 patients of preeclampsia and 30 normotensive gestational age-matched pregnant women admitted to the Department of OBG. Serum total LDH was analysed by DGKC method. Serum and cord blood samples for isoenzyme distribution analysis were collected from a normal pregnant woman undergoing delivery, a woman with mild eclampsia, two women with eclampsia, and analysed by slab gel electrophoresis followed by activity staining.

Results

LDH was significantly elevated in cases as well as between the case (mild and severe) groups, showed a moderate positive statistically significant correlation with systolic, diastolic blood pressure and a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 80%. Further, the isoenzyme pattern showed a decreasing distribution of aerobic forms of LDH in preeclampsia-eclampsia.

Conclusions

Preeklampsija, multisistemski sindrom koji brzo napreduje zbog trudnoće, vodeći je uzrok morbiditeta i mortaliteta majki i novoro|enčadi. Ova studija ima za cilj da proceni nivo ukupne laktat dehidrogenaze u serumu kod žena sa preeklampsijom u poređenju sa normotenzivnim trudnicama i proceni elektroforetski obrazac LDH izoenzima u normalnoj trudnoći, preeklampsiji i eklampsiji.
HDL cholesterol is associated with pbmc expression of genes involved in HDL metabolism and atherogenesis
Authors: Dergunova Liudmila V. , Nosova Elena V. , Dmitrieva Veronika G. , Rozhkova Alexandra V. , Bazaeva Ekaterina V. , Limborska Svetlana A. , Dergunov Alexander D.
Published: November 2019

Background

To reveal the association of plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level with the transcript level of annotated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and involved in HDL metabolism and atherogenesis at the absence of morphologically evident coronary stenosis.

Methods

Transcript levels of 63 genes in PBMC from 38 male patients 40–60 years without coronary atherosclerosis with widely varied HDL-C level were measured. The protein interactions were analyzed with STRING database.

Results

Among 22 HDL-related genes, the transcript levels for 10 genes (ABCA1, BMP1, CUBN, HDLBP, LCAT, LDLR, PRKACB, PRKACG, SCARB1 and ZDHHC8) negatively correlated with HDL-C, while positively for APOA1 gene. Among 41 atherosclerosis-prone genes, the transcript levels for 11 genes (CSF1R, CSF2RB, IL 18R1, ITGAM, ITGB3, PRKCQ, SREBF1, TLR5, TLR8, TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B) negatively correlated with HDL-C only, not with LDL-C and plasma TG. The protein products efficiently interacted within each cluster while only two intersection nodes existed between clusters.

Conclusions

Coordinate regulation of cholesterol influx and efflux in PBMC in atherosclerosis-free subjects with widely varied HDL-C level is suggested. The decreased synthesis and transport of cholesteryl ester to the liver may contribute to hyperalphalipoproteinemia. HDL-C increase is associated with the decrease of expression of innate immunity and inflammation genes. Visualization of 22 responder genes is suggested to be useful in the validation of HDL functionality and atherogenesis even at the absence of morphologically evident coronary stenosis.
Bats of abandoned mining works of the Revúcka vrchovina Mts., central Slovakia (Chiroptera)
Authors: Uhrinová Romana , Hapl Ervin , Löbbová Denisa , Benčuríková Gabriela , Jarošíková Mária , Csepányiová Dominika , Rys Ján , Maxinová Edita , Uhrin Marcel
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to assess bat diversity and particularly, the significance of underground spaces for bats, in the Revúcka vrchovina Mts. We also studied foraging areas of R. euryale and M. schreibersii which form maternity colonies in the respective area. Considering the rich history of mining in the Revúcka vrchovina Mts. and the previously available faunistic data, the presence of yet undiscovered roosts and species was assumed. During a survey of the area in 2012–2014, altogether 248 new mining sites were traced and 16 species of bats were recorded to roost there. Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolophus hipposideros, and Barbastella barbastellus were dominant species and the latter two along with Rhinolophus ferrumequinum represented the most widespread species. Three wintering aggregations of Miniopterus schreibersii composed of 3500–5000 individuals each, and a wintering colony of Rhinolophus hipposideros composed of ca. 630 bats belong to the most significant results of the study. The existence of maternity colonies of Miniopterus schreibersii and Rhinolophus euryale was also confirmed in underground spaces in the region. The newly discovered occurrence sites of Miniopterus schreibersii and Rhinolophus euryale that shift the known margins of the species distribution ranges are of high importance. Data from telemetry tracking of these two species show that the territories where the particular individuals forage are rather extensive (>100 km2). According to these findings, practical conservation of the species and their habitats requires international cooperation.
First records of two bat species, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Pipistrellus kuhlii, in the foothills of the Šumava Mts. (SW Bohemia, Czech Republic) (Chiroptera)
Authors: Červený Jaroslav
Published: November 2019

Two bat species, the Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferruequinum) and Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) were recorded in the foothills of the Šumava Mts. (Bohemian Forest), south-western Bohemia, for the first time. An adult female of R. ferrumequinum was found dead in a cellar of the Rabí castle ruins (49° 17’ N, 13° 37’ E) on 13 March 2017. A roosting adult male of P. kuhlii was discovered in the fissure between roof and timber of a bungalow in Kladenské Rovné (48° 48’ N, 14° 13’ E) on 25 June 2017.
An extremely low gene pool for breeding of Equus przewalskii (Perissodactyla: Equidae)
Authors: Volf Jiří
Published: November 2019

Only 62 individuals of the Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalski) were brought from the wild to captivity during the period of the known existence of their wild population (1881 – ca. 1968), 24 males and 30 females in 1899–1903; 1 male and 4 females in 1942–1945; 1 male and 2 females in 1947. Of these horses, only 12 individuals (6 males, 6 females) from the first imports and a female from 1947 entered the global breeding programme of the Przewalski’s horse.
Prevalence and seasonal variation in ticks on Muscardinus avellanarius from Germany (Rodentia: Gliridae)
Authors: Lang Johannes , Beer Sarah , Bräsel Nicolle , Leonhardt Ines , Büchner Sven
Published: November 2019

We sampled ticks infesting hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) between May 2017 and September 2017 at seven locations in Germany. Of a total of 221 dormice examined, 19% were infested by ticks, but the prevalence of infestation varied strongly between sites and months. The highest prevalence at one site was noted in September (55%) while the lowest was in July (0%). In June, prevalence differed between sites from 0% to 47%. Most frequently, dormice were infested by one tick. The maximum number of ticks found on one animal was 12. All ticks were detected on the head of the animals, where the most common feeding sites were ears, nose and the area around the eyes.
Distribution of bats in Northern Cyprus (Chiroptera)
Authors: Benda Petr , Satterfield Lauren , Gücel Salih , Horáček Ivan , Lučan Radek , Charalambidou Iris , Uhrin Marcel
Published: November 2019

A complete list of bat records available from Northern Cyprus is presented, based on both limited literature and new records, resulting from a recent field survey conducted mainly in 2018. This review is complemented by distribution maps and summaries of the distributional status of particular species. From the northern part of the island of Cyprus, at least 451 records of 21 bat species are available; viz. Rousettus aegyptiacus (26 record localities), Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (19), R. hipposideros (21), R. euryale (5), R. mehelyi (1), R. blasii (12), Myotis blythii (4), M. nattereri (10), M. emarginatus (3), M. capaccinii (1), Eptesicus serotinus (5), E. anatolicus (1), Hypsugo savii (6), Pipistrellus pipistrellus (50), P. pygmaeus (9), P. kuhlii (265), Nyctalus leisleri (1), N. lasiopterus (1), Plecotus kolombatovici (3), Miniopterus schreibersii (4), and Tadarida teniotis (5). The number of records increased elevenfold and 1.5 times more bat species were found compared to the last review published in 2007. Seven bat species (Rhinolophus euryale, Myotis emarginatus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus, Nyctalus leisleri, N. lasiopterus, and Miniopterus schreibersii) are reported from Northern Cyprus for the first time; also, R. euryale is confirmed for the first time from the whole island. With the exception of Nyctalus noctula, for which doubtful records exist only from Southern Cyprus, the complete known bat fauna of the island was documented in Northern Cyprus. Moreover, three bat species, Rhinolopus mehelyi, Myotis capaccinii and Eptesicus anatolicus, were reported only from the northern part of Cyprus, although the record of M. capaccinii is considered as problematic and the occurrence of this species on the island is unlikely. For the first time, a population trend in a bat population is reported in Cyprus; smaller colonies of Rousettus aegyptiacus, even abandonment of roosts, were observed during the recent survey compared to numbers recorded in the mid-2000s.
Erasing day/night differences in light intensity and spectrum affect biodiversity and the health of mammals by confusing the circadian clock
Authors: Bendová Zdeňka , Moravcová Simona
Published: November 2019

The beneficial effect of sunlight on all forms of life has been well-known to human cultures worldwide throughout history. However, the importance of darkness for survival, successful reproduction and the overall fitness of all organisms is fully appreciated only by physiologists and environmental biologists. Seasonal variations in environmental conditions (i.e., rainfall, temperature, barometric pressure, food availability) significantly affect reproduction and survival but they are of little predictive value. In contrast, daily fluctuations in light levels and the light spectrum are less dramatic in their impact on life, but were highly predictable throughout evolution. Natural selection has thus favored a strategy of monitoring a day’s length as a predictor of changes in external conditions by the development of the molecular circadian clock, which is sensitive to changes in light/darkness during the day and night. Well-synchronized circadian clockwork ensures that behavioral and physiological processes fluctuate with the daily solar cycle and programs the seasonal changes in physiology via the transduction of the photoperiod into hormonal messages. During the last two decades, energy-efficient lighting technology has shifted from “yellow” high-pressure sodium vapor lamps to new “white” light-emitting diodes (LEDs). As a consequence, nighttime light pollution increased, and the sharp difference between day and night has been erased in many parts of the world, which threatens animal ecology and human health. Studies on humans, laboratory mammals and wildlife suggest that the physiological costs of living under artificial light at night (ALAN) may be due to the disruption of circadian and circannual timing. This overview summarizes the recent findings on the effect of the blurred day/night difference on the circadian clock, nighttime melatonin secretion and photoperiodic changes in mammals and suggests that the gradual decline of fitness due to the increasing ALAN measured in the human population may contribute to the changes in mammalian biodiversity in nature.
Bats of the medieval Jeroným mine (western Bohemia, Czech Republic): results of a long-term monitoring in the hibernation and swarming periods (Chiroptera)
Authors: Tájek Přemysl , Tájková Pavla , Bufka Luděk , Dvořák Libor
Published: November 2019

The medieval mine of Jeroným (Jerome) is one of the most important bat localities known in western Bohemia. Ten bat species have been detected there, including Myotis emarginatus which is very rare in the western part of the Czech Republic. Numbers of wintering bats have been monitored since 1995 and show an upward trend there, even after the opening of a part of the mine to the public during summer (since 2014). The highest numbers of wintering bats correspond to unusually cold winters in 2017 (347 inds.) and 2013 (156 inds.). Mistnetting during the swarming period has been carried out annually since 2009. Numbers of netted bats have been decreasing, probably due to the existence of a new visitor centre built near the entrance to the underground. Species compositions recorded during the hibernation and swarming periods are very similar, but proportions of particular species are different. Myotis daubentonii, M. myotis and M. nattereri were the most abundant bat species during hibernation, while Myotis nattereri, M. daubentonii and Plecotus auritus during the swarming period. Swarming numbers of Myotis mystacinus and M. brandtii have been growing in the last several years. Myotis bechsteinii was detected repeatedly, while Eptesicus nilssonii and Myotis emarginatus (wintering) and Nyctalus noctula (swarming) only once each. The swarming activity of bats was highest 2.5–5.5 hours after sunset. In total, 436 bats were ringed, about 6% of them were recaptured at the site. Some of the ringed bats were recorded at other localities, Myotis myotis at distances up to 39 km, and M. nattereri up to 21 km.
Forming Readiness in Future Navigators for Professional Activity in Maritime Universities of Great Britain
Authors: Danylenko Oleksandr
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the problem on training of maritime specialists in universities of Great Britain; in particular, it is a question of training navigators. It was noted that there are dozens of maritime educational institutions and a long tradition of training maritime specialists in the country. The system of maritime education in the United Kingdom is effective, and the level of training of specialists, including navigators, allows them to qualitatively perform their official duties on ships, which, in its turn, guarantees the safety of navigation. The peculiarity of professional training of navigators is that the educational program is focused on practical activities in accordance with the requirements of the rules of the International Convention on the Training and Certification of Seafarers, recommendations of the International Maritime Organization and other regulatory documents. It was found out that the UK Nautical Institute is working on the continuous improvement of the educational level of specialists operating maritime vessels. The article also discusses the training of navigators at the Maritime Centre of the University of London and at the University of Plymouth. The training of navigators on simulators is considered as a type of practical training and is conducted in accordance with national and international requirements for a computer simulator complex and software training complexes. The author of the article draws attention to the sufficient number of modern simulators, training equipment and laboratories, which are used to work out practical skills of future navigators. It has also been clarified that in all UK maritime higher education institutions the mandatory condition for successful completion of training is the completion of maritime professional practice. The number of hours for such practices is determined by the relevant regulations. The high ranking of British maritime education institutions attracts students from around the world. For international students there are comfortable conditions for admission, study and residence. They can improve their English language skills and take preparatory courses for admission.
Begal Anak; Pemenuhan Hak dan Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak Kelas II A Bandar Lampung
Authors: Putri Eka Intan
Published: November 2019

Perlindungan anak adalah segala kegiatan untuk memastikan pelaksanaan terjaminnya hak anak-anak, tak terkecuali juga hak anak-anak sebagai seorang anak pidana begal. Pembegalan merupakan kejahatan dan penyimpangan dalam masyarakat yang juga melanggar norma sosial, dimanapun serta dilakukan oleh siapapun. Seringkali terdengar bahwa masih adanya keluhan dari keluarga dan narapidana anak terhadap dugaan pelanggaran pelaksanaan hak hak anak pidana begal di “Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA)”, bahkan anak pidana juga rentan mengalami kekerasan dari temannya sesama anak pidana. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis akan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris serta yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan data sekunder dan primer, data sekunder terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder serta tersier. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan analisis data kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pelaksanaan hak-hak anak sebagai anak pidana begal di LPKA Klas II Bandar Lampung, mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, serta berpedoman pada Undang Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang Pemasyarakatan. Dari 13 (tiga belas) hak-hak anak sebagai anak pidana begal, ada 11 (sebelas) hak anak pidana begal yang sudah terlaksana meskipun belum sempurna. Akan tetapi masih ada kendala yaitu faktor penghambat dari masyarakat dan aparat penegak hukum, yakni tidak ada kepedulian keluarga terhadap anak pidana begal, dalam hal kesehatan, pendidikan, serta pembinaannya, adapun pembinaan anak pidana begal dipasrahkan sepenuhnya kepada petugas di LPKA, serta kurangnya koordinasi antara Instansi terkait yaitu Kejaksaan Negeri dan Pengadilan Negeri dengan Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA).
Hakikat Penguasa dalam Negara Hukum Demokratis
Authors: Airlangga Shandi Patria
Published: November 2019

Seorang penguasa seyogianya memiliki kemampuan mengatur orang banyak. Kebijakan seorang penguasa tegas, tidak tumpul ke atas dan tajam ke bawah. Negara pada prinsipnya tidak didasarkan atas kekuasaan belaka (matchtsstaat), namun berdasarkan pula atas hukum. Di negara hukum, suatu peraturan hukum tidak diciptakan untuk tujuan yang buruk. Nomokrasi dan demokrasi pun dapat hidup dan tumbuh selaras saling melengkapi. Negara hukum tidak bisa ditegakkan tanpa pemerintahan yang demokratis, dan pemerintahan demokratis tanpa hukum akan menjadi anarkis. Pembangunan hukum dilakukan melalui proses nomokrasi dan demokrasi sekaligus. Pemerintah sebagai wakil rakyat menciptakan politik hukum yang memihak kepada kepentingan rakyat. Konsekuensi dari konsep negara demokrasi adalah mencampur semua anggota masyarakat dan memaksa mereka untuk hidup bersama. Kekuasaan cenderung membuat pemerintah lupa diri dan kehilangan etikanya sebagai orang yang ditugaskan oleh rakyat untuk mengurus negara. Untuk mengubah paradigma pemerintah yang salah kaprah itu, diterapkan hubungan vertikal dan horizontal antara pemerintah dan rakyat. Pemerintah dengan fungsinya sebagai pemegang kekuasaan seyogianya dapat mensejajarkan kepentingan rakyat dengan kepentingannya. Dengan demikian impian untuk menciptakan negara kesatuan dan kesejahteraan yang adil dan beradab benar-benar terwujud. Rakyat dapat memberian ketaatannya apabila Pemerintah selaku pemegang kekuasaan bertindak benar. Terciptanya hubungan timbal balik yang baik tidak akan terwujud bila pemerintah tidak berada di jalan yang benar.
Sinkretisme dalam Serat Centhini Jilid I Karya Sri Susuhanan Pakubuwana V
Authors: Pramulia Pana
Published: November 2019

Masyarakat Jawa memiliki budaya yang kuat, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap eksistensi agama yang dipeluk masyarakatnya, termasuk Islam. Agama Islam yang diperagakan masyarakat Jawa berbeda dari negara asalnya (Arab), karena pelaksanaan Islam di Jawa dipadukan dengan budaya (Hindhu-Budha) dan tradisi yang sudah ada turun temurun. Sebagian besar masyarakat Jawa pemeluk Islam, hingga saat ini masih melakukan tradisi nyekar, nyadran, selamatan, sedekah bumi, larung sesaji, dan sebagainya. Perayaan tradisi tersebut dilaksanakan berdasarkan perpaduan antara budaya Jawa dengan ajaran Islam. Maksudnya, ritual tradisi menggunakan budaya Jawa, sedangkan doa-doa yang digunakan menggunakan tata cara Islam. Hal itulah yang dinamakan sinkretisme. Sinkretisme merupakan aliran perpaduan dari beberapa paham untuk mencari keserasian dan keseimbangan. Sinkretisme antara budaya Jawa dengan Islam tergambar jelas dalam Serat Centini yang disusun Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana V. Dalam Serat Centini Jilid I diceritakan terjadinya kontak dari berbagai budaya. Akibatnya, menghasilkan perpaduan antar budaya yang berbeda. Selain itu, Serat Centhini Jilid I juga menceritakan tokoh-tokoh Islam menggunakan metode kultural untuk berupaya mencari keselarasan (harmonisasi) dengan ajaran-ajaran peninggalan dari khazanah Jawa, yaitu animisme, dinamisme, Budha, dan Hindu. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sinkretisme yang terjadi di Jawa dalam Serat Centhini Jilid I.
Elżbieta Dynia, Uznanie państwa w prawie międzynarodowym. Zarys problematyki, Rzeszów 2017, ss. 304
Authors: Grochalski Marek
Published: November 2019

Artykuł recenzyjny
A probable case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) acquired in England, July 2019
Authors: Kreusch Teresa M , Holding Maya , Hewson Roger , Harder Thomas , Medlock Jolyon M , Hansford Kayleigh M , Dowall Stuart , Semper Amanda , Brooks Tim , Walsh Amanda , Russell Katherine , Wichmann Ole
Published: November 2019

The United Kingdom (UK) has thus far been considered to be free from tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), yet in July 2019, a German infant developed serologically diagnosed TBE following a tick bite in southern England. This first report of a probable human case together with recent findings of TBE virus in ticks in foci in England suggest that TBE may be acquired in parts of England and should be considered in patients with aetiologically-unexplained neurological manifestations.
Hubungan Antara Tingkat Religiusitas Orang Tua dengan Religiusitas Siswa
Authors: Alfin Maskur
Published: November 2019

Children are individuals who determine the future and quality of the nation, so it is important to consider the development of the child, namely physical development, psychiatric and spirituality. A strong base of planting through the guidance and religious education, the role of family began to weaken because of the social, political and cultural changes that occurred. The family has lost its function in student emotion development especially in the adolescent phase. The purpose of this research is to test the relationship of parents ' religiality to the level of religiality of students of XI MAN Prambon class. Using the quantitative approach of the results of this research is as follows: (1) The level of religiality of parents of class XI MAN Prambon is categorized as excellent based on the mean value of 130, 718 which is guided by the absolute score criteria ; (2) The level of religiality of students of the class XI MAN Prambon is categorized very well based on the mean value of 127,971 which is guided by the absolute score criteria; (3) There is a significant relationship with the level of parents ' religiality and the level of religiality of class students of XI MAN Prambon with the correlation value of product moment of 0765 that is greater than the value of R table and the value of Sig under 0.05 is 0.000.
Pengaruh Pendekatan Pembelajaran Saintifik terhadap Kreativitas Belajar Siswa
Authors: Muhammad Amin
Published: November 2019

Lack of creativity in student learning so that grouping students randomly in fifth grade makes students insecure in learning, especially for those who have not mastered some of the scientific approaches in participating in class learning. Therefore, the scientific learning approach is considered to be able to improve creativity in class V. This research was conducted in March 2018 with a sample of 21 fifth graders. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research. By using data collection techniques: observation, creativity tests, and documentation. The data obtained were analyzed using the percentage formula and product moment correlation formula.           The results of the study say that: (1) the implementation of scientific learning in class V is sufficiently categorized, this is evident from the percentage of 76.6%. (2) The ability of learning creativity of fifth grade students can be said to be sufficient categories, it is proven that the percentage of students' creativity test reaches 72.6% and the ability to read individually reaches a percentage of 56-75%. (3) there is influence and magnitude of the influence of the scientific learning approach on the ability of learning creativity of fifth grade students in MINU Waru II, this is based on the calculation of product moment correlation obtained the value "r" counts 0, 638, and compared with the value "r" product moment for N = 21 in the 5% interval, the value "r" is 0.413 and for 1% interval is 0.526. Then the "r" value is interpreted. Because the result of "r" count is 0.638 at the point between 0.40 ─ 0.70 which means that in the medium high category. So the influence of the scientific learning approach to the learning creativity of fifth grade students at MINU Waru II, Waru Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency has significant significance.
Karakteristik Pendidikan Luqman Hakim dalam Al-Qur’an Surat Luqman Ayat 13-17
Authors: Ahmad Fauzi
Published: November 2019

The main reference in the concept of Islamic education is the Qur'an in surah Luqman, which is a letter that is referred to the name of a man who activity and wise in educating his son. He has a concept of education that can build spiritual intelligence in the child, so that Allaah perpetuates some words that contain wisdom from them in the Qur'an, so that they can be learned from the lessons and benefits. Using the Library study method, the study found that the education characteristic of Luqman Hakim as contained in the letter of Luqman verses 13-17, namely: (1) The education of Luqman Hakim about the Tauhid such as prohibition of shirk (purification of the soul of haughty and prideful nature); (2) Individualized morality such as gratitude, patience, safeguarding, doing good to parents and establishing prayers. (3) Social morality that is implemented with the practice of Amar Ma'ruf nahi Munkar.
Bourdieu in the North: Practical Understanding in Natural Resource Governance
Authors: Caine Ken J.
Published: November 2019

Natural resource management (NRM) analyses often avoid understanding environmental governance as arising from and shaped by social practices and power relations in resource conflicts, contested property rights, and political-economic strategies. I examine a northern Canadian Aboriginal community’s experience of a structured yet dynamic socio-cultural response to a period of social and political change. Drawing from Pierre Bourdieu’s conception of social practice I suggest that a diffuse, or less-determinist, theory of practice may help explain how power relations are interwoven throughout yet applied differentially in NRM governance. Drawing on ethnographic research on northern watershed management and protection of Aboriginal cultural landscapes, I propose the notion of practical understanding to explain the ways government resource managers and community leaders challenge and negotiate one another’s conceptions of environmental governance in a duel process of cooperation-conflict.
'Political Activist as Ethnographer', Revisited
Authors: Hussey Ian
Published: November 2019

In this essay I revisit and expand upon George Smith’s landmark article, “Political Activist as Ethnographer” (1990). Political activist ethnography (PAE) is a specialized form of institutional ethnography (IE) that has not received nearly enough attention in the twenty years since the original publication of Smith’s article. In an effort to revisit and bolster this research approach, I provide an overview of IE/PAE and critically engage with three recent commentaries on PAE, and along the way I offer a novel interpretation of this approach as well as an example of its application from my own ongoing research.
Comparing Minority and Human Rights Discourse in Social Science Textbooks: Cross-National Patterns, 1970-2008
Authors: Bromley Patricia
Published: November 2019

Over the twentieth century the celebration of both human rights and the rights of minorities have become central features of an emerging world culture. Although related in some respects, ideas of human and minority rights differ in their fundamental conception of society as made of either heterogeneous social

groups or universally equivalent individuals. I posit that the contradiction between universality and diversity in world culture leads to divergent patterns of diffusion into nation-states and provide evidence of this trend. The data consist of 523 high school social science textbooks from 74 countries published

between 1970 and 2008 coded for content relevant to human and minority rights. Using multilevel modeling, I find that increases in minority rights discussions occur mainly in stable democracies, in contrast to a worldwide rise in discussions of human rights. These findings contribute to studies of globalization, education, and minority and human rights by documenting the spread of global models of citizenship into national education systems and identifying limits to the diffusion of global principles.
Relations of ruling in the colonial present: An intersectional view of the Israeli imaginary
Authors: Santos Madalena
Published: November 2019

This article presents a categorical framework for the interrogation of power relations in the study and analysis of Israeli colonialism in Palestine. Following critical anti-racist feminist approaches, I highlight the relationality between race, class, and gender constructions that are crucial to colonial rule. Extending Chandra Mohanty’s (1991) reading of Dorothy Smith’s “relations of ruling”, I outline six intersecting categories of colonial practices to examine Israel’s particular colonization forms and processes. These categories include: racial separation; citizenship and naturalization forms and processes; construction and consolidation of existing social inequalities; gender, sexuality, and sexual violence, racialized and gendered prisoners; and “unmarked” versus “marked” discourses. Understanding colonial experiences as heterogeneous and plural, I conclude by arguing for the furthering of decolonial and anti-racist feminist analyses from within specific sites of resistance.
Libertarian Populism, Neoliberal Rationality, and the Mandatory Long-form Census: Implications for Sociology
Authors: Ramp William , Harrison Trevor W.
Published: November 2019

This article argues the Canadian government’s decision in 2010 to eliminate the mandatory long-form census constitutes a mobilizing appeal to libertarian populism commensurate not only with neoliberal concepts of individualism, private property, and the role of the state, but also with a redefinition of what counts as valid argumentation and a legitimate basis for making knowledge claims. This rationale has implications for sociological research and theory, for the profession of sociology, and for a sociological vision of society.
The Rights of Science and the Rights of Politics: Lessons from the Long-form Census Controversy
Authors: Yeo Michael
Published: November 2019

One of the main issues in the long-form census controversy concerned the relationship between science and politics. Through analysis of the arguments and underlying assumptions of four influential and exemplary interventions that were made in the name of science, this paper outlines a normative account of this relationship. The paper nuances the science-protective ideals that critics invoked and argues that such conceptual resources are needed if science is to be protected from undue political encroachment. However, in their zeal to defend the rights of science critics claimed for it more than its due, eclipsing the value dimension of policy decisions and failing to respect the role of politics as the rightful locus of decision making for value issues. An adequate normative account of the relationship between science and politics in public policy must be capable not only of protecting science from politics but also of protecting politics from science.
The Market Totem: Mana, Money and Morality in Late Modernity
Authors: Cosgrave James F.
Published: November 2019

Durkheim was concerned with the anomie generated by a social order too strongly oriented to economic activity and the pursuit of wealth. His last book, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, is an exploration of the social basis of knowledge and moral authority, but also prospectively links economic life to its religious sources and to “mana.” Despite his sociological-moral concerns with diminished moral authority in an emerging industrial, market society, The Elementary Forms of Religious Life provides an analytical framework from which to analyze the totemic nature of stock and financial markets. While contemporary financial markets reveal dangers for solidarity, and demonstrate the continuing relevance of Durkheim’s sociological-moral concerns, the analysis of “the market” offers an opportunity to extend the Durkheimian interest in emerging totemic entities and forms of the sacred.
The Occupational Context of Mismatch: Measuring the Link Between Occupations and Areas of Study to Better Understand Job-Worker Match
Authors: Marin Alexandra , Hayes Sean
Published: November 2019

Scholars have long been interested in the prevalence, causes, and consequences of workers being well matched or poorly matched to their jobs. When studying match along dimensions of education or skill, mismatch has been defined as a deficit or surplus in the level of skill or education, without necessary regard for the relevance of either. More recently researchers have moved beyond this deficit/surplus approach to studying mismatch to ask if workers’ skills or education are relevant to their jobs. In this article we argue that the next step for workers studying job-worker match is to consider the relevance of relevance. We argue in studying the relevance of workers’ education it is necessary to consider and measure the extent to which occupations draw broadly from across educational specialties or hire primarily from pools of workers trained in specific areas. The causes and consequences of not having relevant education will be different in occupations that are closely tied to particular fields of study than in those not linked to any field of study. To facilitate this research agenda we develop seven measures of the link between occupations and fields of study in the Canadian labour market. We test the validity and robustness of these measures. We discuss when each measure is most appropriate and provide an appendix listing values for the three best-performing measures, calculated for Statistics Canada 4-digit occupational codes.
Fort McMurray, Wood Buffalo, and the Oil/Tar Sands: Revisiting the Sociology of "Community"
Authors: Dorow Sara , O'Shaughnessy Sara
Published: November 2019

Introduction to the Special Issue
Grey's Anatomy goes South: Global Racism and Suspect Identities in the Colonial Present
Authors: Bell Colleen D.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This article explores the biometric documentation of civilians by coalition forces in the battle zones of the “war on terror.” With the growth of population-centric operations, harvesting body data is a key dimension of efforts to divide the population between civilians and insurgents, and also serves as a general strategy of population management over life perceived to be potentially dangerous. This article examines how these dividing and governance tactics are part of a global racism that is manifest in North-South conflict. The racism that underpins biometric technology is reflected in the racial dynamic of Western-led counter-insurgency operations, in which the US and its allies expand control over southern populations. In so doing, the insecurity of said populations is deepened and the political dimensions of global inequality are accentuated.
Youth, Dirt, and the Spatialization of Subjectivity: An Intersectional Approach to White Rural Imaginaries
Authors: Cairns Kate
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Canada’s rural idyll is embedded within the colonial legacy of a white settler society; however, little research has examined how class and gender uphold this articulation of rurality and whiteness. This article draws on ethnographic research with white, working-class rural youth to develop an intersectional analysis of rural imaginaries. The analysis shows how youth construct their own rural identities through racialized representations of urban and global “others.” I argue that these racist place-narratives must be understood in the context of competing discourses of rurality in Canada: the romanticized pure white rural of colonial history, and the pathologized poor white rural of a cosmopolitan future. Even as youth locate their gendered performances within the rural idyll, they are marked as “dirts” by their classed, rural status. By inscribing racist discourses onto others, youth resist the classist imagery projected onto their community and thereby re- claim a pure white rural idyll.
China's Confucius Institutes and the "Necessary White Body"
Authors: Schmidt Heather
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Confucius Institutes (CIs), modelled on similar European organizations, promote China’s official national language and culture abroad. Unlike their European counterparts, however, the interactions between CIs and Canadian audiences are haunted by complex histories of a racialized “Oriental Other” in Canada and “Western Other” in China. Through ethnographic research on the Confucius Institute in Edmonton and the CI Headquarters in Beijing, this paper explores racialized representations of China and Chinese culture, as well as racialized understandings of the desired Western audience, in both locations. I argue that representations of Chinese culture are caught between two competing logics which I term reorientalism and reorientality. Reorientalism attempts to reclaim definitions of Chineseness and redress misunderstandings about China while simultaneously making China comprehensible and ultimately marketable through reorientality, or a use of familiar Orientalist tropes. Canadians (most often imagined and represented as white) are encouraged to engage with this reorientality through their own performance and embodiment of Chinese culture (a conceptually distinct process I call re-orientality) as a means of understanding the project of reorientalism. However, the spectacle of Chinese culture through CIs resonates with Canadian multiculturalism in ways that may unintentionally reproduce a social landscape that normalizes whiteness and the consumption of ethnicized Otherness.
Migration Management, Disciplinary Power, and Performances of Subjectivity: Agricultural Migrant Workers’ in Ontario
Authors: Basok Tanya , Belanger Daniele
Published: November 2019

Agricultural migrant workers, recruited to work in Canada under the Temporary Foreign Workers Program (TFWP), are disciplined to be compliant and productive. Based on ethnographic data, we draw attention to several ways in which Spanish-speaking migrants, employed in agriculture in a rural community in Southwestern Ontario, respond to this disciplinary power. Most migrants discipline themselves and others to be productive and compliant workers. We refer to these acts as “performances of self-discipline.” At other times, some (albeit, few) migrants challenge this disciplinary power either individually or collectively. We refer to these performances of subjectivity as “performances of defiance.” Another way migrants may respond to the disciplinary power is by attempting to escape from it. Coining these performances “performances of escape,” we discuss how some agricultural migrant workers drop out of the program and remain in Canada without authorization. By turning attention to these performances of subjectivity, the article fills a gap in the literature on migration management and its disciplinary practices in Canada.
The Institutionalization of Symbolic Interactionism in Canadian Sociology, 1922-1979: Success at What Cost?
Authors: Helmes-Hayes Richard , Milne Emily
Published: November 2019

This essay examines the growth of symbolic interactionism (SI) as a specialization in English-language Canadian sociology, 1922–1979. We do not focus on theoretical and/or methodological developments. Rather, we document three empirical indicators of the institutionalization of SI: faculty members hired, research published, and SI-receptive programs established. We find that Canadian sociologists institutionalized SI in two phases. From 1922 to 1959, SI institutionalized slowly. There were few SI “core” faculty and scarcely more “SI-accommodative” faculty. Little SI-based literature was published. McGill had Canada’s only SI-friendly program. After 1960, SI grew rapidly and, by 1979, was well institutionalized: over ninety SI and SI-accommodative faculty had been hired, SI literature (journal articles, textbooks) was commonplace. Many sociology departments offered an SI-accommodative program. Sometime in the 1980s, classical SI began to “de-institutionalize.” Ironically, as SI’s footprint grew and influence spread, it appeared to become less discernable, less coherent and less viable as a distinct and unified approach.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Pine Beetles And Humans: The Ecologically Mediated Development Of British Columbia’s Carbon Tax
Authors: Sodero Stephanie
Published: November 2019

In 2008, the province of British Columbia was an early mover in North America introducing a broad-based and escalating carbon tax. This article explores the interface between the human and non-human environment that resulted in this policy outcome. I use Actor-Network Theory, with its emphasis on the co-construction of human and non-humans, to describe, inform, and problematize the way humans relate to the non-human environment. Drawing on a post-humanist Latourian perspective, I examine the interlocking relationship between “chemical reactions and political reactions.” I explore five examples of human and non-human mediation in the development of British Columbia’s carbon tax: environmental pricing, the beetle epidemic, political economy, emissions accounting, and emotion. Applying Actor-Network Theory to the case of British Columbia’s carbon tax disrupts traditional anthropocentric approaches to policy development, highlighting the role of the non-human environment in shaping, rather than simply being shaped by, policy.
“Depends on the Father”: Defining Problematic Paternal Substance Use During Pregnancy and Early Parenthood
Authors: Magnus Samantha , Benoit Cecilia
Published: November 2019

The re-invention of fathers as sensitive, involved “new men” is a social phenomenon that has largely excluded marginalized and low-income fathers. Especially where perinatal substance use is concerned, moralized mother-centric discourse still easily eclipses attention to fathers’ roles. In this exploratory study, we analysed interviews with low-income new and expectant parents (26 mothers and 8 fathers) in Victoria, B.C. who self-identified as being impacted by drugs or alcohol. Using thematic analysis, we found fatherhood ideals framed how both paternal substance use and father absence were problematized. Paternal substance use was seen as problematic when it impacted the health of children indirectly by compromising maternal support, directly by increasing probability or severity of domestic violence, or by otherwise undermining the ability of a father to fulfill his role as he understands it. Parents espoused targeted perinatal services for fathers to break the intergenerational cycle of addiction and disadvantage.
Contentious mobilities and Cheap(er) Labour: Temporary Foreign Workers in a New Brunswick Seafood Processing Community
Authors: Knott Christine
Published: November 2019

Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) is highly contentious. Particularly contentious are those parts of the program that have allowed for exploitative labour practices and the replacement of Canadian workers. Mobility for employment has been increasing, and researchers have focused on different types of mobile workers ranging from international (including the TFWP) to intra-provincial migrants, often in isolation from each other. Less research has focused on multiple mobilities within one industry to understand how and why labour force composition and employee mobility patterns change over time. Also under researched is why demand exists for TFWs in areas with high unemployment. This paper uses a case study of the seafood processing industry (both wild and farmed) in a rural region of New Brunswick to explore this industry’s claims about labour shortages and serial reliance on differently mobile labour forces over time. It draws on findings from a review of relevant documents and ethnographic fieldwork including interviews. Using the historical changes in the (im)mobility patterns of processing workers in this region, this paper highlights how the increased use of the TFWP by seafood processing companies is tied to manufactured raced and gendered employer practices.
“Who’s Got My Back?”: A Neo-Durkheimian Analysis of Suicidality and Perceptions of Social Support in British Columbia and Saskatchewan
Authors: Nakhaie Reza , Datta Ronjon Paul
Published: November 2019

Critically reconsidering Durkheim’s sociology of suicide, we develop a quantitative analysis of individual level data contained in the Canadian Community Health Survey (2009-2012) to investigate the relationship between perceptions of social support and suicidality in the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Saskatchewan. We operationalize Durkheim’s general sociology to investigate relationships between people’s perceptions of the more objective aspects of social life (structural-institutional) and the more subjective dimensions of social life, on suicidal ideation. We find that people’s perceptions of the quality of social support available to them significantly affect susceptibility to suicidality, lending credence to key aspects of Durkheim’s general sociology of social pathology.
Citizenship Revocation in the Mainstream Press: A Case of Re-ethnicization?
Authors: Previsic Ivana , Winter Elke
Published: November 2019

Under the government of Stephen Harper’s Conservative Party (2006-2015), Canada witnessed numerous alterations of its immigration and citizenship rules. Under the new Citizenship Act (2014), dual citizens who have committed high treason, terrorism or espionage could lose their Canadian citizenship. In this paper, we examine how the measure was discussed in Canada’s mainstream newspapers. We ask: who/what is seen as the target of citizenship revocation? What does this tell us about the direction that Canadian citizenship is moving towards? As promoters of civic literacy, mainstream media disseminate information about government actions and legislation, interpret policies and are highly influential in forming public opinion. Our findings show that the newspapers were more often critical than supportive of the citizenship revocation provision. However, they also interpreted the measure as only likely to affect Canadian Muslims in general and omitted discussing the involvement of non-Muslim and, in particular, white, Western-origin Canadians in terrorist acts. Thus, despite advocating for equal citizenship in principle, Canadian Muslims were nonetheless constructed as less Canadian.