bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate and Non-Climate Drivers of Dengue Epidemics in Southern Coastal Ecuador
Authors: Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. , Lowe Rachel
Published: March 2013

We report a statistical mixed model for assessing the importance of climate and non-climate drivers of interannual variability in dengue fever in southern coastal Ecuador. Local climate data and Pacific sea surface temperatures (Oceanic Niño Index [ONI]) were used to predict dengue standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs; 1995–2010). Unobserved confounding factors were accounted for using non-structured yearly random effects. We found that ONI, rainfall, and minimum temperature were positively associated with dengue, with more cases of dengue during El Niño events. We assessed the influence of non-climatic factors on dengue SMR using a subset of data (2001–2010) and found that the percent of households with Aedes aegypti immatures was also a significant predictor. Our results indicate that monitoring the climate and non-climate drivers identified in this study could provide some predictive lead for forecasting dengue epidemics, showing the potential to develop a dengue early-warning system in this region.
Human Host-Derived Cytokines Associated with Plasmodium vivax Transmission from Acute Malaria Patients to Anopheles darlingi Mosquitoes in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Abeles Shira R. , Chuquiyauri Raul , Tong Carlos , Vinetz Joseph M.
Published: March 2013

Infection of mosquitoes by humans is not always successful in the setting of patent gametocytemia. This study tested the hypothesis that pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines are associated with transmission of Plasmodium vivax to Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes in experimental infection. Blood from adults with acute, non-severe P. vivax malaria was fed to laboratory-reared F1 An. darlingi mosquitoes. A panel of cytokines at the time of mosquito infection was assessed in patient sera and levels compared among subjects who did and did not infect mosquitoes. Overall, blood from 43 of 99 (43%) subjects led to mosquito infection as shown by oocyst counts. Levels of IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in vivax infection and normalized 3 weeks later. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly higher in nontransmitters compared with top transmitters but was not in TNF-α and IFN-γ. The IL-10 elevation during acute malaria was associated with P. vivax transmission blocking.
Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Long-Term-Residents and Settled Immigrants in Qatar in the Period 2005 to 2011
Authors: Abu-Madi Marawan A. , Behnke Jerzy M. , Doiphode Sanjay H.
Published: March 2013

The expanding economy of Qatar in the last two decades has attracted immigrants, often from countries with poor socio-economic levels. Many arrive with patent intestinal parasitic infections, and recent analyses have indicated consistently rising trends in the prevalence of some infections. Here, we examined 18,563 hospital records of subjects in Qatar seeking medical assistance for a variety of ailments, combining data from 2009 to 2011 with the earlier dataset from 2005 to 2008 to enable trends to be identified across a 7-year period. We found that 8.6% were infected with one or more species of parasites, however in contrast to the earlier period (2005–2008), in the latter 3 years there were falling trends of prevalence providing some optimism that parasitic infections among the resident immigrants have begun to decline. We identified also geographic regions from which resident workers still maintain a relatively high prevalence of helminth infections despite their long-term residence in Qatar.
Direct-sun total ozone data from a spectroradiometer: methodology and comparison with satellite observations
Authors: Antón M. , Román R. , Valenzuela A. , Olmo F. J. , Alados-Arboledas L.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. A methodology to obtain the total ozone column (TOC) from the direct-sun spectral measurements of a Bentham spectroradiometer located at Granada (Spain) is presented in this paper. The method relies on the differential absorption technique using two pairs of direct irradiance at adjacent wavelengths between 305 and 340 nm. The extraterrestrial constant was determined from the extrapolation to zero air mass of each wavelength pair (Langley plot method). We checked the strong influence of the cloud cover on the Bentham TOC measurements using simultaneous sky images taken with an all-sky camera. Thus, reliable TOC data are exclusively obtained during cloud-free conditions or partly cloudy conditions without the solar disk obstructed. In this work, the hourly TOC averages retrieved by the Bentham instrument with a standard deviation smaller than 3% (~ 10 Dobson Unit) are selected as high-quality TOC data. The analysis of the diurnal TOC variations during cloud-free days in late spring and summer showed different TOC values between the morning and afternoon periods. Thus, while the mornings exhibit an almost stable pattern, the afternoons display a monotonic TOC increase which could be partially related to photochemical processes in the lower troposphere associated with the formation of surface ozone. Finally, the Bentham TOC measurements were compared against the satellite data derived from three satellite instruments: OMI, GOME and SCIAMACHY. The mean absolute values of the relative differences between satellite and ground-based data were smaller than 3%, highlighting the high reliability of the retrieval method proposed in this paper to derive TOC data.
Improved information about the vertical location and extent of cloud layers from POLDER3 measurements in the oxygen A band
Authors: Desmons M. , Ferlay N. , Parol F. , Mcharek L. , Vanbauce C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. This paper describes new advances in the exploitation of oxygen A band measurements from POLDER3 sensor aboard PARASOL, satellite platform within the A-Train. These developments result from a better account of the dependence of POLDER oxygen parameters to cloud optical thickness τ and to the scene's geometrical conditions, but also and more importantly from the finer understanding of the sensitivity of these parameters to cloud vertical extent. This sensitivity is made possible thanks to the multidirectional character of POLDER measurements. In the case of monolayer clouds that represent most of cloudy conditions, new oxygen parameters are obtained and calibrated from POLDER3 data colocalized with the measurements of the two active sensors of the A-Train, CALIOP/CALIPSO and CPR/CloudSat. From a parameterization that is (μs, τ) dependent, with μs the cosine of the solar zenith angle, a cloud top oxygen pressure (CTOP) and a cloud middle oxygen pressure (CMOP) are obtained which are estimates of actual cloud top and middle pressures. The performance of CTOP and CMOP are presented for the most numerous ISCCP cases in 2008. The coefficient of the correlation between CMOP and the actual cloud middle pressure is 0.81 for cirrostratus, 0.79 for stratocumulus, 0.75 for deep convective clouds. The coefficient of the correlation between CTOP and the actual cloud top pressure is 0.75, 0.73, and 0.79 for the same cloud types respectively. The score obtained by CTOP, defined as the confidence in the retrieval for a particular range of infered value and for a given error, is higher than the one of MODIS CTP. For liquid and ice clouds, the score reaches 50 and 70% respectively for bin value of CTP superior in numbers and accepted errors of 30 and 50 hPa. From the difference between CTOP and CMOP, a first estimate of the cloud vertical extent H is possible. Then, the correlation between the angular standard deviation of POLDER oxygen pressure σPO2 and the cloud vertical extent is described in detail in the case of liquid clouds. The correlation is shown to be spatially and temporally robust, excepted for clouds above land during winter months. The study of the correlation's dependence to cloud optical thickness and to the scene's geometrical conditions leads to parameterizations which provide a second way for retrieving H for this type of clouds. For liquid water clouds above ocean in 2008, the mean difference between the actual cloud vertical extent and the one retrieved from σPO2 (from the pressure difference) is 5 m (−12 m). The standard deviation of the mean difference is close to 1000 m for the two methods. The score of 50% confidence for the retrieval of H corresponds to an error of 20 and 40% for ice and liquid clouds respectively over ocean. These promising results need to be validated outside of the CALIPSO/CloudSat track.
Thermospheric neutral temperatures derived from charge-exchange produced N2+ Meinel (1,0) rotational distributions
Authors: Mutiso C. K. , Zettergren M. D. , Hughes J. M. , Sivjee G. G.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Thermalized rotational distributions of neutral and ionized N2 and O2 have long been used to determine neutral temperatures (Tn) during auroral conditions. In both bright E-region (≲150 km) auroras, and in higher-altitude auroras, spectral distributions of molecular emissions employed to determine Tn in the E-region cannot likewise be used to obtain Tn in the F-region. Nevertheless, charge-exchange reactions between high-altitude (≳130 km) species provide an exception to this situation. In particular, the charge-exchange reaction O+(2D) + N2(X) → N+2(A2Πu, ν' = 1 + O(3P) yields thermalized N2+ Meinel (1,0) emissions, which, albeit weak, can be used to derive neutral temperatures at altitudes of ~130 km and higher. In this work, we present N2+ Meinel (1,0) rotational temperatures and brightnesses obtained at Svalbard, Norway, during various auroral conditions. We calculate Tn at thermospheric altitudes of 130–180 km from thermalized rotational populations of N2+ Meinel (1,0); these emissions are excited by soft electron (≲1 keV) impact and charge-exchange reactions. We model the contributions of the respective excitation mechanisms, and compare derived brightnesses to observations. The agreement between the two is good. Emission heights obtained from optical data, modeling, and ISR data are consistent. Obtaining thermospheric Tn from charge-exchange excited N2+ Meinel (1,0) emissions provides an additional means of remotely sensing the neutral atmosphere, although certain limiting conditions are necessary. These include precipitation of low-energy electrons, and a non-sunlit emitting layer.
The Geminid meteor shower during the ECOMA sounding rocket campaign: specular and head echo radar observations
Authors: Stober G. , Schult C. , Baumann C. , Latteck R. , Rapp M.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The ECOMA (Existence of Charge state Of meteoric smoke particles in the Middle Atmosphere) sounding rocket campaign was conducted during the Geminid meteor shower in December 2010 in order to explore whether there is a change of the properties of meteoric smoke particles due to the stream. In parallel to the rocket flights, three radars monitored the Geminid activity located at the launch site in Northern Norway and in Northern Germany to gain information about the meteor flux into the atmosphere. The results presented here are based on specular meteor radar observations measuring the radiant position, the velocity and the meteor flux into the atmosphere during the Geminids. Further, the MAARSY (Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System) radar was operated to conduct meteor head echo experiments. The interferometric capabilities of MAARSY permit measuring the meteor trajectories within the radar beam and to determine the source radiant and geocentric meteor velocity, as well as to compute the meteor orbit.
Non-stationary flood frequency analysis in continental Spanish rivers, using climate and reservoir indices as external covariates
Authors: López J. , Francés F.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Recent evidences of the impact of persistent modes of regional climate variability, coupled with the intensification of human activities, have led hydrologists to study flood regime without applying the hypothesis of stationarity. In this study, a framework for flood frequency analysis is developed on the basis of a tool that enables us to address the modelling of non-stationary time series, namely, the "generalized additive models for location, scale and shape" (GAMLSS). Two approaches to non-stationary modelling in GAMLSS were applied to the annual maximum flood records of 20 continental Spanish rivers. The results of the first approach, in which the parameters of the selected distributions were modeled as a function of time only, show the presence of clear non-stationarities in the flood regime. In a second approach, the parameters of the distributions are modeled as functions of climate indices (Arctic Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Mediterranean Oscillation and the Western Mediterranean Oscillation) and a reservoir index that is proposed in this paper. The results when incorporating external covariates in the study highlight the important role of interannual variability in low-frequency climate forcings when modelling the flood regime in continental Spanish rivers. Also, with this approach is possible to properly introduce the impact on the flood regime of intensified reservoir regulation strategies and to be used as predictive tools. Application of non-stationary analysis shows that the differences between the quantiles obtained and their stationary equivalents may be important over long periods of time.
How does internal variability influence the ability of CMIP5 models to reproduce the recent trend in Southern Ocean sea ice extent?
Authors: Zunz V. , Goosse H. , Massonnet F.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Observations over the last 30 yr have shown that the sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has slightly increased since 1979. Mechanisms responsible for this positive trend have not been well established yet. In this study we tackle two related issues: is the observed positive trend compatible with the internal variability of the system, and do the models agree with what we know about the observed internal variability? For that purpose, we analyse the evolution of sea ice around the Antarctic simulated by 24 different general circulation models involved in the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), using both historical and hindcast experiments. Our analyses show that CMIP5 models respond to the forcing, including the one induced by stratospheric ozone depletion, by reducing the sea ice cover in the Southern Ocean. Some simulations display an increase in sea ice extent similar to the observed one. According to models, the observed positive trend is compatible with internal variability. However, models strongly overestimate the variance of sea ice extent and the initialization methods currently used in models do not improve systematically the simulated trends in sea ice extent. On the basis of those results, a critical role of the internal variability in the observed increase of sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean could not be ruled out, but current models results appear inadequate to test more precisely this hypothesis.
What's on your mind? Social media monopolies and noopower
Authors: Gehl Robert William
Published: March 2013

This paper explores the age–old tension between the radical possibilities of thought and the institutions seeking to constrain thought as this tension plays out in social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Google. I argue that these social media sites are becoming key institutions of noopower, or the power to modulate thoughts. Older institutions of power, such as states, militaries, and marketers, have begun to exercise noopower through and at social media in an effort to always be on our minds.
Social media as a government propaganda tool in post-revolutionary Egypt
Authors: El-Khalili Sara
Published: March 2013

Egypt’s netizens succeeded in mobilizing for the Revolution of 25 January using social media. The revolution which started as an event on the social networking site Facebook.com took the world by storm when Egyptians succeeded in overthrowing a dictator who ruled the country for almost three decades. For the past few years in Egypt, social media became a powerful tool used by citizens to uncover corruption, mobilize for protests, and act as real watchdog over the mainstream media and the government. Although social media have mostly been used by citizens as a platform for public opinion expression and mobilization, they have become important propaganda tools used by governments. In the case of Egypt, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) which ruled Egypt for a transitional period of 16 months after Mubarak stepped down, realized the need to speak the same language of the Egyptian youth, to communicate with them electronically, as well as to issue counter–revolutionary propaganda. This paper will mainly focus on SCAF’s propaganda on the social networking Web site Facebook and the different propaganda techniques used in post–revolutionary Egypt.
Caloplaca subpallida (Teloschistaceae), a lichen species new to Poland: distribution, ecology and taxonomic affinities
Authors: Szczepańska Katarzyna , Kossowska Maria , Wilk Karina
Published: March 2013

Caloplaca subpallida is reported from basic and altered ultrabasic rocks (i.e. basalt, greenstone, and serpentinite) at nine sites in SW Poland. A detailed description of the species and a discussion on its taxonomic affinities are provided.
Integrated water quality–water supply modeling to support long‐term planning
Authors: Weiss W. Joshua , Pyke Grantley W. , Becker William C. , Sheer Daniel P. , Gelda Rakesh K. , Rush Paul V. , Johnstone Tina L.
Published: March 2013

New York City's unfiltered Catskill System of reservoirs provides high‐quality water to help meet demands for more than 9 million people. Following extreme storms, however, these reservoirs periodically experience high levels of turbidity that may require alum addition before the water enters the city's distribution system. A study was conducted to evaluate measures to control turbidity and reduce the need for alum treatment. The study involved development and application of a linked water supply–water quality modeling platform to simulate performance of structural and nonstructural turbidity control alternatives under realistic operations and over a broad array of hydrologic conditions. Results indicated that modest improvements to the existing infrastructure and modified system operations could control turbidity and reduce the need for costly capital improvements. This study provides a useful framework for other utilities to follow in developing analytical tools to help them meet both current and future water supply challenges.
Reuse of Iraqi Agricultural Drainage Water Using Nanofiltration
Authors: Abid Mohammad F. , Al-Naseri Saadi K. , Abdullah Samirra N.
Published: March 2013

Irrigated areas between Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Iraq suffer from salinity buildup in the root zone of corps. Agricultural drain water (ADW) from these areas is collected in a single main drain canal, in an annual flow rate of about 6 billion cubic meter. In the present work, a pilot-scale nanofiltration membranes unit was used to evaluate the feasibility of desalinating ADW from the main drain canal for further reuse. Bench scale experiments were conducted to determine the optimum anti-scale dosage values in the unit. These values were verified in a plate type laboratory scale NF membrane to visually monitor the onset of crystal appearance behavior. A method for calcium sulfate precipitation control is presented and an empirical correlation of anti-scale dosage as a function of concentration factor (CF) was obtained. A pilot-scale unit was used to investigate the performance of NF membrane. High rejection values for both cations and anions indicate that the use of NF membrane in desalinating ADW from the Iraqi main drain canal is promising. The treated drainage water is considered good for irrigation when classified according to Wilcox classification.
Modeling Diffusivity Through Alginate-Based Microfibers: A Comparison of Numerical and Analytical Models Based on Empirical Spectrophotometric Data
Authors: Djomehri Sabra , Mobed-Miremadi Maryam , Keralapura Mallika
Published: March 2013

The study of mass transport across hollow and solid 3D microfibers to study metabolic profiles is a key aspect of tissue engineering approach. A new modified numerical mathematical model based on Fickian equations in cylindrical coordinates has been proposed for determining the membrane diffusivity of 2% (w/v) alginate-based stents cross-linked with 10% CaCl2. Based on the economical and direct spectrophotometric measurements, using this model, inward diffusivities ranging from 5.2x10-14 m2/s 2.93x10-12m2/s were computed for solutes with Stokes radii ranging between 0.36 to 3.5 nm, diffusing through bare alginate and alginate-chitosan-alginate microfibers. In parallel an analytical solution to the cylindrical Fickian equation was derived to validate the numerical solution using experimental diffusion data from a solid stent. Excellent agreement was found between the numerical and analytical models with a maximum calculated residual value of 4%. Using these models, a flexible computational platform is proposed to conduct custom diffusion and MW cut-off characterization across micro-porous microfibers not limited to alginate in composition.
Professor e pesquisador: considerações sobre a problemática relação entre ensino e pesquisa
Authors: Martins Marcos Francisco , Varani Adriana
Published: March 2013

O presente artigo trata das potencialidades e dos dilemas vividos na relação entre o trabalho do professor e o do pesquisador. Inicialmente, são identificadas especificidades no labor docente e de pesquisadores, e apontadas possibilidades de articulação entre ambos. Na segunda parte, são revisitados autores que tratam dessa questão e que têm forte influência nesse debate recentemente desenvolvido no Brasil. Posteriormente apresentam-se duas partes, nas quais são mencionadas as complexidades que se verificam no processo de articulação entre ensino e pesquisa, para, nas linhas conclusivas, apontar como desafio aos professores e aos pesquisadores a superação do teoricismo acadêmico-científico, do praticismo docente, do utilitarismo que recorrentemente identifica tanto a prática investigativa quanto a educativa, bem como a promoção das adequadas condições para que os professores possam realizar investigações articulando ensino e pesquisa, o que exigirá a identificação de problemas que sejam significativos à comunidade escolar e à comunidade científica e o distanciamento de paradigmas teórico-metodológicos de tradição positivista.
Professor-pesquisador: concepções e práticas de mestres que atuam na educação básica
Authors: Buzzi Rausch Rita
Published: March 2013

Embora na formação de professores busca-se formar o professor-pesquisador e a pesquisa seja reconhecida como atividade fundamental, o seu uso e significado geram polêmicas. Além das licenciaturas, a formação do professor-pesquisador é intenção também de diferentes programas de pós-graduação stricto-sensu no país. Neste sentido, buscamos investigar: quais as concepções e práticas de pesquisa de professores mestres que atuam na docência na Educação Básica? O objetivo foi conhecer as concepções e práticas em pesquisa de professores mestres. De abordagem qualitativa, realizamos entrevista semiestruturada com oito mestres docentes. Quanto à concepção de professor-pesquisador identificamos três vertentes: a) o profissional que se mantêm atualizado; b) o profissional que prioriza a pesquisa em detrimento do ensino; c) o profissional que investiga sua prática docente. Nesta última concepção, porém, não percebemos o entendimento de pesquisa como um processo sistematizado, no sentido de se fazer ciência relacionada à docência. A maioria dos professores demonstrou interesse e habilidade em realizar pesquisas na escola, porém, manifestou impossibilidades devido a fatores relacionados à estrutura física, falta de tempo, baixa remuneração e ao pouco apoio por parte dos gestores. A maioria destacou que o mestrado contribuiu com sua formação de professor-pesquisador. Este estudo permitiu analisar que na literatura educacional há ênfase na necessidade de formar o professor-pesquisador. Entretanto, muitas vezes não se discute a trajetória de formação dos professores, as condições de trabalho e de carreira e os recursos financeiros e de infraestrutura necessários para o professor conseguir realizar pesquisas nas escolas.
Pesquisa na formação continuada dos professores: possibilidades para uma educação estética
Authors: Schlindwein Luciane Maria
Published: March 2013

Neste trabalho, discutimos uma modalidade de formação continuada para os professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Tal discussão vem sendo empreendida na perspectiva de uma formação estética para os professores em serviço. A discussão está pautada em resultados de uma pesquisa longitudinal realizada entre 2004 e 2006 com um grupo de 12 professoras da rede pública de ensino. O recorte aqui apresentado pretende contribuir para os estudos sobre as possibilidades de um desenvolvimento estético na formação continuada de professores. Os resultados e análises discutem o impacto do ensino e da vivência da música na formação continuada de professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Foram realizadas oficinas com uma professora musicista, registradas em videocassete, nos quais as professoras envolvidas puderam vivenciar a música em seus aspectos de melodia, ritmo e o manuseio de alguns instrumentos de percussão, provocando-as em suas diferentes sensibilidades. A análise do material foi empreendida a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da Psicologia histórico-cultural, especialmente das contribuições de Vygotsky. As fitas de vídeo foram transcritas e analisadas na perspectiva de se apreender as diferentes significações atribuídas pelas professoras aos elementos musicais presentes nas vivências. Os resultados indicaram que, mais do que aprender música, o olhar sensível foi ampliado, com possibilidades de desdobramentos para o cotidiano pedagógico.
Pesquisas sobre identidade e socialização docente: ação e formação nas imbricações biográficas dos professores
Authors: Knoblauch Adriane , Andrade Torales Marília
Published: March 2013

Este artigo articula um diálogo entre duas pesquisadoras que desenvolveram suas pesquisas com base no uso de metodologias qualitativas e que buscam discutir este tipo de pesquisa para a compreensão da formação dos professores de forma mais ampla, considerando a importância dos elementos biográficos na formação identitária dos docentes. O texto trata sobre o potencial analítico que emerge da biografia dos docentes e da entrevista em profundidade nas pesquisas sobre formação e ação docente. Os resultados das pesquisas indicam que as estruturas sociais e o processo histórico exercem um papel importante na definição do percurso vital das pessoas e que esse percurso interfere no processo formativo das professoras. Desta forma, se faz necessário que tal processo seja melhor conhecido para que se possa repensar a crença de que a teoria poderia modificar a prática, sem considerar as complexas redes de conhecimentos, valores, desejos, esperanças e intenções que se configuram ao longo da trajetória pessoal e profissional de cada indivíduo.
Uma ilustre desconhecida: a formação docente para a educação profissional
Authors: Urbanetz Sandra Terezinha
Published: March 2013

Este artigo discute a produção acadêmica sobre formação de professores para a educação profissional sob a perspectiva da formação de professores em geral, apontando a urgente necessidade do tema, posto que essa modalidade encontra-se como um permanente desafio social. A partir das publicações disponíveis no site da Capes (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) e da Anped (Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação), faz-se uma discussão sobre as publicações deformação docente. À luz da perspectiva materialista, observa-se a quase inexistência dessa  temática em pesquisas e publicações, compreendendo-se que isso se dá a partir da indefinição de políticas de formação para esses docentes.
Mediações da formação do professor pesquisador nos Endipes da década de 1980
Authors: Ventorim Silvana
Published: March 2013

Este artigo objetiva investigar o debate sobre a formação do professor pesquisador na produção científica do IV, V e VI Encontros Nacionais de Didática e Prática de Ensino (Endipes), realizados na década de 1980, de modo a apreender e sistematizar conceitos, argumentos,hipóteses e implicações por meio dos quais se constitui a relação pesquisa, formação do professor e prática pedagógica. Orienta-se pela pesquisa documental bibliográfica que reconhece o status político e epistemológico dos documentos, pois eles estabelecem a relaçãoentre discursos e práticas no campo da educação. Indica como fundamental a discussão sobre o conceito, o papel e a importância da pesquisa. Pelos e nos Endipes, o debate sobre a formação do professor-pesquisador progrediu e fortaleceu-se, incorporando-se no fazer a formação e a prática do professor, como um movimento em construção, progredindo e fortalecendo os próprios Endipes como campo de expressão de vastas experiências na área científica da educação.
Notes on research on teacher education: contributions to the debate
Authors: Romanowski Joana Paulin
Published: March 2013

This paper makes an analysis of studies, investigations and discussions by research groups that focus on teacher education. Since the 1980s, are analyzed on the research on teacher education mapping trends and issues regarding the methodology of research priorities as well as indicating the configuration of the area, considering theses, papers and papers presented at events. In this article are considered the collective productions such as symposiums, seminars and states of knowledge about the research in teacher education indicated convergences, showing recurrence notes on the discussion of research on the topic.
O estágio curricular supervisionado na UFSM: o trabalho docente no ensino superior
Authors: Agostini Sandra , Terrazzan Eduardo Adolfo
Published: March 2013

Este artigo aborda o trabalho desenvolvido por doze docentes orientadores de Estágios Curriculares inseridos em doze Cursos de Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), objetivando contribuir na compreensão das formas de organização e desenvolvimento de Estágios Curriculares em cursos de licenciatura. Como fonte de informação utilizamos a Entrevista Estruturada junto aos docentes orientadores de estágios. Constatamos que, os professores orientadores costumam participar da inserção dos seus estagiários na escola, não existem modelos de orientação, mas sim formas peculiares para preparar os estagiários. No geral, os estagiários foram bem recebidos pelas escolas que possuem uma tradição em recebê-los. A implementação do currículo novo provocou certo “desconforto” para as escolas. Porém, a questão primordial do Estágio Curricular é encontrar meios para que ele possa ser desenvolvido com “qualidade”, independentemente da quantidade de números de horas estabelecidos.
Scaling the CMS Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Model
Authors: Alley Dawn , Ashford Nina , Shrank Will
Published: July 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the potential benefits of expanding the Million Hearts Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Model of the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Labor Force Participation in Adults With Osteoarthritis or Joint Symptoms Typical of Osteoarthritis: Findings From a Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Badley Elizabeth M. , Zahid Shatabdy , Wilfong Jessica M. , Perruccio Anthony V.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and joint symptoms typical of OA and labor force participation.

Methods

Data are from the baseline questionnaire of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging for respondents aged 45 to 74 years at baseline (n = 24,427). Individuals were categorized into one of five mutually exclusive arthritis status groups: diagnosed OA, diagnosed other type of arthritis, two to three symptomatic joint sites and no diagnosed arthritis, one symptomatic joint site and no diagnosed arthritis, and no arthritis and no joint symptoms. Age‐stratified robust log‐Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the association between arthritis status and labor force participation.

Results

Overall, 39% of the analytic sample reported being out of the labor force. Those with OA aged 45 to 54 and 55 to 64 years were significantly more likely to be out of the labor force than those with no arthritis or no joint symptoms, with prevalence ratios (PRs) of 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.65) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.06–1.21), respectively, with similar results for those with two to three joint symptoms and no OA in the 45 to 54 years age group (PR 1.37 [95% CI 1.07–1.76]). There was no difference for those aged 65 to 74 years. Being an informal caregiver increased the likelihood of nonparticipation in the labor force for those aged 55 to 64 years (PR 1.09 [95% CI 1.04–1.15]).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that an exclusive reliance on an OA diagnosis to understand impact on labor force participation may miss a large segment of the middle‐aged population, which may have undiagnosed OA or be at greater risk of OA because of joint problems.
Exploring the Bidirectional Relationship Between Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Large Danish Cohort
Authors: Raittio Eero , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Lopez Rodrigo , Baelum Vibeke
Published: July 2024

Objective

We investigated the bidirectional relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis and their cross‐sectional association using national administrative health care data.

Methods

The sample included 3,308,903 individuals aged 20 to 79 years who resided in Denmark in 2000 and had remained free of RA and periodontitis in the previous 10 years. RA and periodontitis were defined using diagnosis and treatment codes. Marginal structural survival models were employed to estimate the effects of RA on periodontitis incidence and vice versa from 2000 to 2017. Using a cross‐sectional sample of 2,574,536 individuals from 2017, the association of periodontitis with RA was investigated using regression analyses and probabilistic quantitative bias analyses, simulating RA and periodontitis misclassification and unmeasured confounding of smoking.

Results

Between 2000 and 2017, 20,348 individuals developed RA and 740,799 developed periodontitis. The estimated hazard ratio (HR) for the effect of periodontitis on incident RA was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88–1.25), resulting in a restricted mean survival time difference of one day. The HR for the effect of RA on incident periodontitis was 0.84 (95% CI 0.80–0.88), corresponding to a restricted mean survival time difference of 151 days. Cross‐sectionally, the unadjusted prevalence ratio for the association was 1.15 (95% CI 1.11–1.19), whereas the estimate adjusted for measured and simulated confounding was practically null (0.99, 95% simulation interval 0.93–1.04).

Conclusion

These findings challenge previously reported bidirectional relationships between periodontitis and RA, pointing to potential residual confounding as an important link and prompting reconsideration of the biologic plausibility and clinical significance of these associations.

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Interplay of Cooper Pairs and Zero‐Energy Quasiparticles in a Gapless Superconductor
Authors: Lee Jhinhwan , Park Hae‐Ryong , Kim Jun Sung , Yeom Han Woong
Published: July 2024

The interplay between Cooper pairs and Bogoliubov‐de Gennes (BdG) quasiparticles is a topic of considerable interest in the quantum properties of solids, but its important ingredient, the sufficient amount of low‐energy quasiparticles to interact with Cooper pairs remains elusive in conventional superconductors. Here a gapless superconductor with coupled paramagnetic atomic layers is used to generate a significant amount of zero‐energy quasiparticles that Anderson‐localize and bifurcate into regions of high and low zero‐energy quasiparticle density of states. The enriched zero‐energy quasiparticles induce puddled superconductivity and Josephson vortices. This discovery not only advances the understanding of the mutual interaction of Cooper pairs and BdG quasiparticles but also opens a new avenue for exploring and controlling exotic quantum phenomena where superconductivity, disorder, and spin degrees of freedom are entangled.
Giant Plasmonic Enhancement of Chiroptical Properties by Anisotropic Gold Nanocrystals Grown In Situ in a Chiral Polymer
Authors: Abraham Shema R. , Joseph Jojo P. , Rajapakse B. Medini , Dutta Avisek , Das Rahul Kumar , Kuzmin Andrey , Baev Alexander , Velarde Luis , Prasad Paras N. , Swihart Mark T.
Published: July 2024

Polymer‐based chiral materials with exceptional optical activity can dramatically impact integrated chiral photonics due to the tunability of their optical responses coupled with ease of fabrication. Realizing these applications requires increasing the absorbance dissymmetry factor. Here, in situ, the synthesis of gold nanostars is introduced in a chiral polymer medium to produce chiral polymer‐anisotropic plasmonic nanocrystal nanocomposites. The optimized nanocomposite shows a tenfold enhancement of dissymmetry factor, gabs (up to 0.64) and a corresponding 46‐fold augmented circular dichroism (CD) value upon annealing, relative to the annealed pure chiral polymer film. Moreover, the enhancement relative to the non‐annealed polymer‐gold nanostar nanocomposite is strikingly higher: a 35‐fold increase in gabs and a 4272‐fold increase in CD. Based on computational analysis, it is concluded that the local plasmon field enhancement around the crevices and tips of nanostars is mainly responsible for the observed effect which is further supported by a signal enhancement in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Thus, this study underscores the significant role of close‐range plasmon interactions in altering the chiroptical response of nanocomposite materials and a practical pathway toward the realization of next‐generation integrated photonics and optoelectronic circuitry with photon spin control.
Wheel‐Running Exercise Alleviates Anxiety‐Like Behavior via Down‐Regulating S‐Nitrosylation of Gephyrin in the Basolateral Amygdala of Male Rats
Authors: Yang Ping‐Fen , Nie Tai‐Lei , Sun Xia‐Nan , Xu Lan‐Xin , Ma Cong , Wang Fang , Long Li‐Hong , Chen Jian‐Guo
Published: July 2024

Physical exercise has beneficial effect on anxiety disorders, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, it is demonstrated that physical exercise can downregulate the S‐nitrosylation of gephyrin (SNO‐gephyrin) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) to exert anxiolytic effects. It is found that the level of SNO‐gephyrin is significantly increased in the BLA of high‐anxiety rats and a downregulation of SNO‐gephyrin at cysteines 212 and 284 produced anxiolytic effect. Mechanistically, inhibition of SNO‐gephyrin by either Cys212 or Cys284 mutations increased the surface expression of GABAAR γ2 and the subsequent GABAergic neurotransmission, exerting anxiolytic effect in male rats. On the other side, overexpression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the BLA abolished the anxiolytic‐like effects of physical exercise. This study reveals a key role of downregulating SNO‐gephyrin in the anxiolytic effects of physical exercise, providing a new explanation for protein post‐translational modifications in the brain after exercise.
Volumetric Additive Manufacturing of Dicyclopentadiene by Solid‐State Photopolymerization
Authors: Hausladen Matthew M. , Baca Esteban , Nogales Kyle A. , Appelhans Leah N. , Kaehr Bryan , Hamel Craig M. , Leguizamon Samuel C.
Published: July 2024

Polymerization in the solid state is generally infeasible due to restrictions on mobility. However, in this work, the solid‐state photopolymerization of crystalline dicyclopentadiene is demonstrated via photoinitiated ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. The source of mobility in the solid state is attributed to the plastic crystal nature of dicyclopentadiene, which yields local short‐range mobility due to orientational degrees of freedom. Polymerization in the solid state enables photopatterning, volumetric additive manufacturing of free‐standing structures, and fabrication with embedded components. Solid‐state photopolymerization of dicyclopentadiene offers a new paradigm for advanced and freeform fabrication of high‐performance thermosets.
S‐Block Metal Mg‐Mediated Co─N─C as Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Durable and Temperature‐Adapted Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Henan , Niu Xinxin , Liu Wenxian , Yin Ruilian , Dai Jiale , Guo Wei , Kong Chao , Ma Lu , Ding Xia , Wu Fangfang , Shi Wenhui , Deng Tianqi , Cao Xiehong
Published: July 2024

In the quest to enhance Zn–air batteries (ZABs) for operating across a wide spectrum of temperatures, synthesizing robust oxygen electrocatalysts is paramount. Conventional strategies focusing on orbital hybridization of d–d and p‐d aim to moderate the excessive interaction between the d‐band of the transition metal active site and oxygen intermediate, yet often yield suboptimal performance. Herein, an innovative s‐block metal modulation is reported to refine the electronic structure and catalytic behavior of Co─NC catalysts. Employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is revealed that incorporating Mg markedly depresses the d‐band center of Co sites, thereby fine‐tuning the adsorption energy of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) intermediate. Consequently, the Mg‐modified Co─NC catalyst (MgCo─NC) unveils remarkable intrinsic ORR activity with a significantly reduced activation energy (Ea) of 10.0 kJ mol−1, outstripping the performance of both Co─NC (17.6 kJ mol−1), benchmark Pt/C (15.9 kJ mol−1), and many recent reports. Moreover, ZABs outfitted with the finely tuned Mg0.1Co0.9─NC realize a formidable power density of 157.0 mW cm−2, paired with an extremely long cycle life of 1700 h, and an exceptionally minimal voltage gap decay rate of 0.006 mV h−1. Further, the Mg0.1Co0.9─NC‐based flexible ZAB presents a mere 2% specific capacity degradation when the temperature fluctuates from 25 to −20 °C, underscoring its robustness and suitability for practical deployment in diverse environmental conditions.
Soil health indicators for predicting corn nitrogen requirement in long‐term cover cropping
Authors: Pokhrel Sapana , Maguire Rory O. , Thomason Wade E. , Stewart Ryan , Flessner Michael , Reiter Mark
Published: July 2024

Efforts to address economic and environmental concerns surrounding nitrogen (N) have motivated attempts to improve estimates of plant‐available N in soil. Several soil health indicators, including CO2 burst, permanganate oxidizable carbon (C) (POXC), and autoclaved‐citrate extractable (ACE) soil protein, assess labile C and N, and therefore may help to estimate soil N mineralization in long‐term cover cropping systems (>3 years). This study evaluated the relationship of CO2 burst, POXC, ACE‐soil protein, and pre‐sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) with agronomic optimum N rate (AONR) in corn (Zea mays L.). The study also looked at relationship between other soil test and corn yield parameters, relative yield (RY) and yield without N sidedress at 25 long‐term cover crop sites across Virginia. Results showed relatively weak correlations between AONR and CO2 burst, POXC, ACE‐soil protein, and NO3‐N (r = 0.00 to −0.48), which indicates that these soil health tests may not reliably predict soil N availability and corn yield. Corn yield with zero‐sidedress N rate had a negative relationship with cover crop C:N ratio (r = −0.66) and a positive relationship with cover crop N content (r = 0.59), and NO3‐N at pre‐planting (r = 0.54) and sidedress (PSNT) (r = 0.63). The PSNT showed a better relationship (r = 0.65) compared to 72‐h CO2 burst (r = 0.48) with RY. Soil health indicators (CO2 burst, POXC and ACE‐soil protein) resulted in a poor or no relationship with AONR. Our results indicate that the PSNT was a more reliable indicator of the sidedress N rate in corn.
Anxiety and depression are associated with heightened risk of incident deep vein thrombosis: Mediation through stress‐related neural mechanisms
Authors: Rosovsky Rachel P. , Mezue Kenechukwu , Gharios Charbel , Civieri Giovanni , Cardeiro Alexander , Zureigat Hadil , Lau Hui Chong , Pitman Roger K. , Shin Lisa , Abohashem Shady , Osborne Michael T. , Jaffer Farouc A. , Tawakol Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Controversy exists as to whether anxiety and depression increase deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk, and the mechanisms mediating potential links remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between anxiety and depression and DVT risk and determine whether upregulated stress‐related neural activity (SNA), which promotes chronic inflammation, contributes to this link. Our retrospective study included adults (N = 118 871) enrolled in Mass General Brigham Biobank. A subset (N = 1520) underwent clinical 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT imaging. SNA was measured as the ratio of amygdalar to cortical activity (AmygAC). High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and heart rate variability (HRV) were also obtained. Median age was 58 [interquartile range (IQR) 42–70] years with 57% female participants. DVT occurred in 1781 participants (1.5%) over median follow‐up of 3.6 years [IQR 2.1–5.2]. Both anxiety and depression independently predicted incident DVT risk after robust adjustment (HR [95% CI]: 1.53 [1.38–1.71], p < .001; and 1.48 [1.33–1.65], p < .001, respectively). Additionally, both anxiety and depression associated with increased AmygAC (standardized beta [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.04–0.27], p = .007, and 0.17 [0.05–0.29], p = .006, respectively). Furthermore, AmygAC associated with incident DVT (HR [95% CI]: 1.30 [1.07–1.59], p = .009). Mediation analysis demonstrated that the link between anxiety/depression and DVT was mediated by: (1) higher AmygAC, (2) higher hs‐CRP, and (3) lower HRV ( < .05 for each). Anxiety and depression confer an attributable risk of DVT similar to other traditional DVT risk factors. Mechanisms appear to involve increased SNA, autonomic system activity, and inflammation. Future studies are needed to determine whether treatment of anxiety and depression can reduce DVT risk.