bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensile Strength of GFRP Reinforcing Bars with Hollow Section
Authors: You Young-Jun , Park Ki-Tae , Seo Dong-Woo , Hwang Ji-Hyun
Published: October 2015

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been proposed to replace steel as a reinforcing bar (rebar) due to its high tensile strength and noncorrosive material properties. One obstacle in using FRP rebars is high price. Generally FRP is more expensive than conventional steel rebar. There are mainly two ways to reduce the cost. For example, one is making the price of each composition cost of FRP rebar (e.g., fibers, resin, etc.) lower than steel rebar. Another is making an optimized design for cross section and reducing the material cost. The former approach is not easy because the steel price is very low in comparison with component materials of FRP. For the latter approach, the cost could be cut down by reducing the material cost. Therefore, an idea of making hollow section over the cross section of FRP rebar was proposed in this study by optimizing the cross section design with acceptable tensile performance in comparison with steel rebar. In this study, glass reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars with hollow section and 19 mm of outer diameter were manufactured and tested to evaluate the tensile performance in accordance with the hollowness ratio. From the test results, it was observed that the tensile strength decreased almost linearly with increase of hollowness ratio and the elastic modulus decreased nonlinearly.
Curcumin Enhanced Busulfan-Induced Apoptosis through Downregulating the Expression of Survivin in Leukemia Stem-Like KG1a Cells
Authors: Weng Guangyang , Zeng Yingjian , Huang Jingya , Fan Jiaxin , Guo Kunyuan
Published: October 2015

Leukemia relapse and nonrecurrence mortality (NRM) due to leukemia stem cells (LSCs) represent major problems following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To eliminate LSCs, the sensitivity of LSCs to chemotherapeutic agents used in conditioning regimens should be enhanced. Curcumin (CUR) has received considerable attention as a result of its anticancer activity in leukemia and solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms in leukemia stem-like KG1a cells exposed to busulfan (BUS) and CUR, either alone or in combination. KG1a cells exhibiting BUS-resistance demonstrated by MTT and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assays, compared with HL-60 cells. CUR induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in KG1a cells. Apoptosis of KG1a cells was significantly enhanced by treatment with CUR+BUS, compared with either agent alone. CUR synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of BUS. Seven apoptosis-related proteins were modulated in CUR- and CUR+BUS-treated cells analyzed by proteins array analysis. Importantly, the antiapoptosis protein survivin was significantly downregulated, especially in combination group. Suppression of survivin with specific inhibitor YM155 significantly increased the susceptibility of KG1a cells to BUS. These results demonstrated that CUR could increase the sensitivity of leukemia stem-like KG1a cells to BUS by downregulating the expression of survivin.
Origins of the Vertebrate Erythro/Megakaryocytic System
Authors: Svoboda Ondrej , Bartunek Petr
Published: October 2015

Vertebrate erythrocytes and thrombocytes arise from the common bipotent thrombocytic-erythroid progenitors (TEPs). Even though nonmammalian erythrocytes and thrombocytes are phenotypically very similar to each other, mammalian species have developed some key evolutionary improvements in the process of erythroid and thrombocytic differentiation, such as erythroid enucleation, megakaryocyte endoreduplication, and platelet formation. This brings up a few questions that we try to address in this review. Specifically, we describe the ontology of erythro-thrombopoiesis during adult hematopoiesis with focus on the phylogenetic origin of mammalian erythrocytes and thrombocytes (also termed platelets). Although the evolutionary relationship between mammalian and nonmammalian erythroid cells is clear, the appearance of mammalian megakaryocytes is less so. Here, we discuss recent data indicating that nonmammalian thrombocytes and megakaryocytes are homologs. Finally, we hypothesize that erythroid and thrombocytic differentiation evolved from a single ancestral lineage, which would explain the striking similarities between these cells.
The Effect of the Integrated Service Mode and Travel Time Uncertainty on Taxis Network Equilibrium
Authors: Wang Jian , Bai Zhu , Hu Xiaowei
Published: October 2015

This paper aims to discuss the trip mode choice problem by using cumulative prospect theory (CPT) rather than utility maximization from the network uncertainty perspective and evaluates the effect of the integrated service mode on taxi network equilibrium. The integrated service mode means taxis either are actively moving through traffic zones to pick up customers (cruising mode) or are queued at the center of a zone waiting for customers (dispatch mode). Based on this, CPT models are adopted to analyze the choice of customers’ trip mode. The travel time uncertainty of the network and the applicability of CPT are considered first, and the Nested Logit model was used to complete the trip mode split problem. Further, several relevant relationships including supply-demand equilibrium, network conditions, taxi behavior, and customer behavior perspectives were analyzed with respect to the integrated mode. Moreover, a network equilibrium model was established and its algorithm was designed. Finally, this paper presented a numerical example and discussed the taxi network equilibrium’s characteristic after introducing the integrated service mode.
Multifocal ERG Guiding Therapy in a Case of Hydroxychloroquine Premaculopathy
Authors: Sáez-Moreno José Antonio , Domínguez-Hidalgo Concepción , Rodríguez-Ferrer José Manuel
Published: October 2015

We report the case of a 28-year-old female treated for systemic lupus erythematosus with hydroxychloroquine (200 mg/day) for 11 years. She was visually asymptomatic, with normal fundus appearance, normal colour vision testing findings, 20/20 visual acuity in both eyes, and only mild central bilateral defects on 10-2 perimetry. Multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) showed low density values for ring 1 in both eyes. Because the patient had not previously responded to alternative treatments and in consultation with her physician, the hydroxychloroquine dose was reduced to 200 mg four days/week. Four serial mfERGs performed at 4, 18, 25, and 34 months after dose reduction showed a progressive improvement in the definition and density of the responses until they were normalized at the third mfERG (25 months after hydroxychloroquine dose reduction). The fourth and final mfERG at 34 months confirmed the recovery in both eyes. Perimetry defects were mostly normalized. These results demonstrate the importance of mfERG for the safe management of patients under long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment.
Consequences of Job Insecurity on the Psychological and Physical Health of Greek Civil Servants
Authors: Nella Dimitra , Panagopoulou Efharis , Galanis Nikiforos , Montgomery Anthony , Benos Alexis
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study was to estimate the short term consequences of job insecurity associated with a newly introduced mobility framework in Greece. In specific, the study examined the impact of job insecurity on anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic and musculoskeletal symptoms, two months after the announcement of the mobility framework. In addition the study also examined the “spill over” effects of job insecurity on employees not directly affected by the mobility framework. Personal interviews using a structured questionnaire were conducted for 36 university administrative employees awaiting repositioning, 36 coworkers not at risk, and 28 administrative employees of a local hospital not at risk. Compared to both control groups the employees in the anticipation phase of labor mobility had significantly worse scores for perceived stress, anxiety, depression, positive affect, negative affect, social support, marital discord, common somatic symptoms, and frequency of musculoskeletal pain. This study highlights the immediate detrimental effects of job insecurity on the physical, psychological, and social functioning of employees. There is a need for the development of front line interventions to prevent these effects from developing into chronic conditions with considerable cost for the individual and society in general.
Nonword Repetition and Speech Motor Control in Children
Authors: Reuterskiöld Christina , Grigos Maria I.
Published: October 2015

This study examined how familiarity of word structures influenced articulatory control in children and adolescents during repetition of real words (RWs) and nonwords (NWs). A passive reflective marker system was used to track articulator movement. Measures of accuracy were obtained during repetition of RWs and NWs, and kinematic analysis of movement duration and variability was conducted. Participants showed greater consonant and vowel accuracy during RW than NW repetition. Jaw movement duration was longer in NWs compared to RWs across age groups, and younger children produced utterances with longer jaw movement duration compared to older children. Jaw movement variability was consistently greater during repetition of NWs than RWs in both groups of participants. The results indicate that increases in phonological short-term memory demands affect articulator movement. This effect is most pronounced in younger children. A range of skills may develop during childhood, which supports NW repetition skills.
Preparation and Evaluation of Pralidoxime‐Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles as Potential Carriers of the Drug across the Blood Brain Barrier
Authors: Chigumira Washington , Maposa Prosper , Gadaga Louis L. , Dube Admire , Tagwireyi Dexter , Maponga Charles C.
Published: October 2015

Pralidoxime is an organophosphate antidote with poor central nervous system distribution due to a high polarity. In the present study, pralidoxime‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated as a potential delivery system of the drug into the central nervous system. The nanoparticles were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) in ethyl acetate made the organic phase and pralidoxime in water made the aqueous phase. The system was stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol. Different drug/polymer ratios were used (1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 4) and the fabricated particles were characterized for encapsulation efficiency using UV‐VIS Spectroscopy; particle size distribution, polydispersity index, and zeta potential using photon correlation spectroscopy; and in vitro drug release profile using UV‐VIS Spectroscopy. Mean particle sizes were 386.6 nm, 304.7 nm, and 322.8 nm, encapsulation efficiency was 28.58%, 51.91%, and 68.78%, and zeta potential was 5.04 mV, 3.31 mV, and 5.98 mV for particles with drug/polymer ratios 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 4, respectively. In vitro drug release profile changed from biphasic to monobasic as the drug/polymer ratio decreased from 1 : 1 to 1 : 4. Stable pralidoxime‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles were produced using double emulsion solvent evaporation techniques.
Reproducibility of Neonate Ocular Circulation Measurements Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy
Authors: Matsumoto Tadashi , Itokawa Takashi , Shiba Tomoaki , Katayama Yuji , Arimura Tetsushi , Mizukaki Norio , Yoda Hitoshi , Hori Yuichi
Published: October 2015

Measuring the ocular blood flow in neonates may clarify the relationships between eye diseases and ocular circulation abnormalities. However, no method for noninvasively measuring ocular circulation in neonates is established. We used laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) modified for neonates to measure their ocular circulation and investigated whether this method is reproducible. During their normal sleep, we studied 16 subjects (adjusted age of 34–48 weeks) whose blood flow could be measured three consecutive times. While the subjects slept in the supine position, three mean blur rate (MBR) values of the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained: the MBR-A (mean of all values), MBR-V (vessel mean), and MBR-T (tissue mean), and nine blood flow pulse waveform parameters in the ONH were examined. We analyzed the coefficient of variation (COV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each parameter. The COVs of the MBR values were all ≤10%. The ICCs of the MBR values were all >0.8. Good COVs were observed for the blowout score, blowout time, rising rate, falling rate, and acceleration time index. Although the measurement of ocular circulation in the neonates was difficult, our results exhibited reproducibility, suggesting that this method could be used in clinical research.
Analysing Topology Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network Using Network Evolution Model
Authors: Patra Chiranjib , Chattopadhyay Samiran , Chattopadhyay Matangini , Bhaumik Parama
Published: October 2015

In the study of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, clustering is an important research problem as it aims at maximizing network lifetime and minimizing latency. A large number of algorithms have been devised to compute “good” clusters in a WSN but few papers have tried to characterize these algorithms in an analytical manner. In this paper, we use a local world model to understand and characterize the functioning of three tree based clustering algorithms. In particular, we have chosen simple tree, CDS Rule K, and A3 topology construction protocols. Using our theoretical framework based on a complex network model, we have also tried to quantify some of the observed features of these algorithms such as number of cluster heads and average degree of the resultant graph. The theoretically obtained measures have reasonably matched with measures obtained by simulation studies.
Gastrojejunal Anastomosis Complications and Their Management after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Fringeli Yannick , Worreth Marc , Langer Igor
Published: October 2015

Background. Complications at the gastrojejunal anastomosis after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are challenging in terms of diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. This study aims at identifying these complications and discussing their management.Methods. Data of 228 patients who underwent a LRYGB between October 2008 and December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the frequency and treatment of complications such as stenoses, marginal ulcers, perforated marginal ulcers, or anastomotic leaks related to the operation.Results. Follow-up information was available for 209 patients (91.7%) with a median follow-up of 38 months (range 24–62 months). Of these patients 16 patients (7.7%) experienced complications at the gastrojejunostomy. Four patients (1.9%) had stenoses and 12 patients (5.7%) marginal ulcers, one of them with perforation (0.5%). No anastomotic leaks were reported. One case with perforated ulcer and one with recurrent ulcers required surgical revision.Conclusion. Gastrojejunal anastomotic complications are frequent and occur within the first few days or up to several years after surgery. Stenoses or marginal ulcers are usually successfully treated nonoperatively. Laparoscopic repair, meanwhile, is an appropriate therapeutic option for perforated ulcers.
A Neuroeconomics Analysis of Investment Process with Money Flow Information: The Error-Related Negativity
Authors: Wang Cuicui , Vieito João Paulo , Ma Qingguo
Published: October 2015

This investigation is among the first ones to analyze the neural basis of an investment process with money flow information of financial market, using a simplified task where volunteers had to choose to buy or not to buy stocks based on the display of positive or negative money flow information. After choosing “to buy” or “not to buy,” participants were presented with feedback. At the same time, event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to record investor’s brain activity and capture the event-related negativity (ERN) and feedback-related negativity (FRN) components. The results of ERN suggested that there might be a higher risk and more conflict when buying stocks with negative net money flow information than positive net money flow information, and the inverse was also true for the “not to buy” stocks option. The FRN component evoked by the bad outcome of a decision was more negative than that by the good outcome, which reflected the difference between the values of the actual and expected outcome. From the research, we could further understand how investors perceived money flow information of financial market and the neural cognitive effect in investment process.
New Technology and Experimental Study on Snow-Melting Heated Pavement System in Tunnel Portal
Authors: Lai Jinxing , Qiu Junling , Chen Jianxun , Fan Haobo , Wang Ke
Published: October 2015

In recent years, with the rapid growth of economy and sharp rise of motor vehicles in China, the pavement skid resistance in tunnel portals has become increasingly important in cold region. However, the deicing salt, snow removal with machine, and other antiskid measures adopted by highway maintenance division have many limitations. To improve the treatment effect, we proposed a new snow-melting approach employing electric heat tracing, in which heating cables are installed in the structural layer of road. Through the field experiment, laboratory experiment, and numerical investigation, structure type, heating power, and preheating time of the flexible pavement heating system in tunnel portal were systematically analyzed, and advantages of electric heat tracing technology in improving the pavement skid resistance in tunnel portal were also presented. Therefore, such new technology, which offers new snow-melting methods for tunnel portal, bridge, mountainous area, and large longitudinal slope in cold region, has promising prospect for extensive application.
Workplace Bullying as a Risk Factor for Musculoskeletal Disorders: The Mediating Role of Job-Related Psychological Strain
Authors: Vignoli Michela , Guglielmi Dina , Balducci Cristian , Bonfiglioli Roberta
Published: October 2015

Workplace bullying is considered by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work one of the emerging psychosocial risk factors that could negatively affect workers’ health. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the process that leads from bullying to negative health (such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)), testing the mediating role of job-related strain. Data were collected on 512 workers (62.9% female; mean age = 43.6 years) of a retail chain who filled in a self-report questionnaire after a one-hour training session on work-related stress. Data analyses were performed controlling for potentially confounding variables (i.e., gender, age, organizational role, type of contract, and perceived physical job demands). Preacher and Hayes analytical approach was used to test the indirect relationship between bullying and MSDs. Results showed that work-related strain mediates the relationship between bullying and MSDs considered (low back, upper back, and neck) except for MSDs of the shoulders. Our study confirms the role played by bullying and job-related strain in determining workers’ MSDs.
The Changes of Retinal Saturation after Long-Term Tamponade with Silicone Oil
Authors: Lou Bingsheng , Yuan Zhaohui , He Liwen , Lin Lixia , Gao Qianying , Lin Xiaofeng
Published: October 2015

Purpose.To evaluate the effects of long-term tamponade with silicone oil on retinal saturation.Methods.A total of 49 eyes that received tamponade with silicone oil were included. The patients were divided into 3 groups (3–6 months, 6–9 months, and >9 months) according to the duration of silicone oil tamponade. Retinal oximetry was performed using the Oxymap system before and 2 months after silicone oil removal.Results.The mean retinal oxygen saturation before silicone oil removal was 107% ± 12% in the arterioles and 60% ± 10% in the venules, with an overall arteriovenous difference (AVD) of 47% ± 14%. The AVD in the >9-month group was significantly higher than that in the 3–6-month group (54% ± 16% versus 44% ± 11%,P=0.042). After silicone oil removal, the AVD in the >9-month group was significantly decreased (45% ± 9% versus 54% ± 16%,P=0.009); additionally, the arterioles were significantly wider than before surgery (10.8 ± 0.7 pixels versus 10.4 ± 0.9 pixels,P=0.015).Conclusions.The tamponade with silicone oil for more than 9 months will cause the alterations of retinal saturation and the narrowing of retinal arterioles, which may further interfere with the oxygen metabolism in the retina.
Decentralized State Estimation Algorithm of Centralized Equivalent Precision for Formation Flying Spacecrafts Based on Junction Tree
Authors: Dai Mengyuan , Mu Hua , Wu Meiping , Xian Zhiwen
Published: October 2015

As centralized state estimation algorithms for formation flying spacecraft would suffer from high computational burdens when the scale of the formation increases, it is necessary to develop decentralized algorithms. To the state of the art, most decentralized algorithms for formation flying are derived from centralized EKF by simplification and decoupling, rendering suboptimal estimations. In this paper, typical decentralized state estimation algorithms are reviewed, and a new scheme for decentralized algorithms is proposed. In the new solution, the system is modeled as a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). A probabilistic graphical method named junction tree (JT) is used to analyze the hidden distributed structure of the DBNs. Inference on JT is a decentralized form of centralized Bayesian estimation (BE), which is a modularized three-step procedure of receiving messages, collecting evidences, and generating messages. As KF is a special case of BE, the new solution based on JT is equivalent in precision to centralized KF in theory. A cooperative navigation example of a three-satellite formation is used to test the decentralized algorithms. Simulation results indicate that JT has the best precision among all current decentralized algorithms.
Multiobjective Joint Optimization of Production Scheduling and Maintenance Planning in the Flexible Job-Shop Problem
Authors: Ye Jianfei , Ma Huimin
Published: October 2015

In order to solve the joint optimization of production scheduling and maintenance planning problem in the flexible job-shop, a multiobjective joint optimization model considering the maximum completion time and maintenance costs per unit time is established based on the concept of flexible job-shop and preventive maintenance. A weighted sum method is adopted to eliminate the index dimension. In addition, a double-coded genetic algorithm is designed according to the problem characteristics. The best result under the circumstances of joint decision-making is obtained through multiple simulation experiments, which proves the validity of the algorithm. We can prove the superiority of joint optimization model by comparing the result of joint decision-making project with the result of independent decision-making project under fixed preventive maintenance period. This study will enrich and expand the theoretical framework and analytical methods of this problem; it provides a scientific decision analysis method for enterprise to make production plan and maintenance plan.
Perivascular Wall Tumor in the Brain of a Dog
Authors: Cohn-Urbach Margaret , Chen Annie , Haldorson Gary , Thomovsky Stephanie
Published: October 2015

A 9-year-old spayed female German shepherd mixed-breed dog presented for seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an irregularly marginated intraparenchymal cerebral mass. Microscopic examination of brain tissue collected postmortem demonstrated perivascular whorling and interwoven bundles of spindle-shaped cells. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells tested positive for vimentin and negative for factor VIII-related antigen, CD18, CD45, CD3, CD20, GFAP, S-100, and desmin. Immunohistochemistry results, in combination with histopathologic morphology, were suggestive of a perivascular wall tumor. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report to utilize both histopathology and immunohistochemistry to describe a perivascular wall tumor in the brain of a dog.
Delay Minimization Topology Control in Planetary Surface Network: An Autonomous Systems Approach
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Gengxin , Gou Liang , Kong Bo , Bian Dongming
Published: October 2015

This paper investigates the topology control problem in the planetary surface network (PSN) of Interplanetary Internet (IPN) using an autonomous system (AS) approach. We propose a delay minimization topology control (DMTC) algorithm to achieve low time delay and strong connectivity in the planetary surface network. Compared with the most existing approaches where either the purely centralized or the purely distributed control method is adopted, the proposed algorithm is a hybrid control method. In order to reduce the cost of control, the control message exchange is constrained among neighboring AS networks. We prove that the proposed algorithm could achieve logicalk-connectivity on the condition that the original physical topology isk-connectivity. Simulation results validate the theoretic analysis and effectiveness of the DMTC algorithm.
A Systematic Review Investigating the Presence of Inflammatory Synovitis in Hip and Knee Joint Replacement Surgery
Authors: Hosny Sherif , Strambi Francesco , Sofat Nidhi , Field Richard
Published: October 2015

Synovial tissue can display an inflammatory response in the presence of OA. There is increasing interest to better understand the role of inflammation in OA, particularly with regard to those who require joint replacement. A systematic review of inflammatory synovitis in OA of literature databases was undertaken from their inception until October 14, 2014. Independent critical appraisal of each study was undertaken using the CASP appraisal tool. From a total of sixty-six identified citations, twenty-three studies were deemed eligible for review. The studies presented moderate to strong methodological quality. Strong correlation was identified between histological and imaging synovitis severity. Correlation was weaker between clinical symptoms and imaging and/or histological synovitis severity. There was little consensus, with regard to expressed cytokines and chemokines at the different stages of OA disease progression. Few studies investigated the influence of inflammatory synovitis on the outcome of major joint replacement. Research into inflammatory synovitis in OA is an emerging field. Longitudinal studies applying proven imaging modalities, histological analysis, and longer follow-up are required in order to further define our understanding of the role of synovitis in the pathogenesis of OA and its effects on outcomes following major joint replacement.
Simulation and Optimization of Air-Cooled PEMFC Stack for Lightweight Hybrid Vehicle Application
Authors: Liang Jingming , Wu Zefeng
Published: October 2015

A model of 2 kW air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack has been built based upon the application of lightweight hybrid vehicle after analyzing the characteristics of heat transfer of the air-cooled stack. Different dissipating models of the air-cooled stack have been simulated and an optimal simulation model for air-cooled stack called convection heat transfer (CHT) model has been figured out by applying the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, based on which, the structure of the air-cooled stack has been optimized by adding irregular cooling fins at the end of the stack. According to the simulation result, the temperature of the stack has been equally distributed, reducing the cooling density and saving energy. Finally, the 2 kW hydrogen-air air-cooled PEMFC stack is manufactured and tested by comparing the simulation data which is to find out its operating regulations in order to further optimize its structure.
Successful Delivery of Twin Pregnancy in Class U3b/C2/V1 Uterus by Bilateral Caesarean Section after Spontaneous Conception
Authors: El-Masry Yasmine , Ossman Ahmed M. E. , El-Namoury Mohammed , Sarsik Sameh
Published: October 2015

A case of a 19-year-old female with class U3b/C2/V1 uterus conceived a twin pregnancy with a fetus in each horn after spontaneous conception. She referred to our department with presentation of premature rupture of membranes, with a history of cesarean delivery of a single full term living fetus a year and a half before this delivery. Examination revealed two completely separate uterine horns with a fetus in each horn, two distinct externally rounded cervices, and a single vagina with a short nonobstructing vaginal septum in the upper part of the vagina. And as the appropriate mode of delivery is still unclear, each case should be managed as the condition requires, and in our case urgent bilateral caesarean sections were performed.
Stem Cell Therapy in Injured Vocal Folds: A Three-Month Xenograft Analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Svensson Bengt , Nagubothu Srinivasa R. , Nord Christoffer , Cedervall Jessica , Hultman Isabell , Ährlund-Richter Lars , Tolf Anna , Hertegård Stellan
Published: October 2015

We have previously shown that human embryonic stem cell (hESC) therapy to injured rabbit vocal folds (VFs) induces human tissue generation with regained VF vibratory capacity. The aims of this study were to test the sustainability of such effect and to what extent derivatives of the transplanted hESCs are propagated in the VFs. The VFs of 14 New Zealand rabbits were injured by a localized resection. HESCs were transplanted to 22 VFs which were analyzed for persistence of hESCs after six weeks and after three months. At three months, the VFs were also analyzed for viscoelasticity, measured as dynamic viscosity and elastic modulus, for the lamina propria (Lp) thickness and relative content of collagen type I. Three months after hESC cell therapy, the dynamic viscosity and elastic modulus of the hESC treated VFs were similar to normal controls and lower than untreated VFs (p≤0.011). A normalized VF architecture, reduction in collagen type I, and Lp thickness were found compared with untreated VFs (p≤0.031). At three months, no derivatives of hESCs were detected. HESCs transplanted to injured rabbit VFs restored the vibratory characteristics of the VFs, with maintained restored function for three months without remaining hESCs or derivatives.
Effect of MgFeSi Inoculant on Properties of Cast 6061 Al Alloy for Brake Master Piston Application
Authors: Ajibola Olawale Olarewaju , Oloruntoba Daniel Toyin
Published: October 2015

The influence of varying amount of MgFeSi inoculant on properties of cast 6061 Al alloy for brake master piston application has been studied and reported in this paper. Cast samples were produced at three pouring temperatures (700, 750, and 800°C) with MgFeSi varied from 1 to 3%. Wear resistance tests were performed on cast alloy in brake oil. Wear resistance tests results were validated by nondestructive examinations using photomicroscopy, SEM, EDX, and XRD data. The addition of MgFeSi influenced both the mechanical (hardness, strength, and wear resistance) and metallurgical properties (microstructures) of the cast alloy. Al grains were more refined and yielded good strength properties. Inoculating the melt with MgFeSi forms insoluble compound particles and is responsible for grain refinement. The increased amount of MgFeSi from 1 to 3% improved the wear resistance of the cast piston under lubricating condition using brake oil.
Gynaecological Screening for Cervical and Vulvar Malignancies in a Cohort of Systemic Sclerosis Patients: Our Experience and Review of the Literature
Authors: Colaci M. , Giuggioli D. , Cassone G. , Vacchi C. , Campomori F. , Boselli F. , Sebastiani M. , Manfredi A. , Ferri C.
Published: October 2015

Background. Increased incidence of cancer was frequently reported in scleroderma (SSc), but no association with gynaecological malignancies was described in literature.Objectives. To investigate gynaecological neoplasms in SSc patients.Methods. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated 80 SSc patients, living in the same geographical area. We considered all patients undergoing gynaecological evaluation, including pap test as screening for cervical cancer, between January 2008 and December 2014.Results. 55 (68.7%) patients were negative and 20 (25%) presented inflammatory alterations, while cancer or precancerous lesions were found in 5 (6.2%) cases (2 showed cervical cancer (one of them in situ), 1 vulvar melanoma, 1 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and 1 endocervical polyp with immature squamous metaplasia). The frequency of cervical cancer in our series seems higher in comparison to the incidence registered in the same geographical area. The presence of atypical cytological findings correlated with anti-Scl70 autoantibodies (p= 0.022); moreover, the patients with these alterations tended to be older (median 65, range 46–67), if compared to the whole series (p= 0.052).Conclusions. A relatively high frequency of gynaecological malignancies was found in our SSc series. In general, gynaecological evaluation for SSc women needs to be included in the routine patients’ surveillance.
Prophylactic mRNA Vaccination against Allergy Confers Long-Term Memory Responses and Persistent Protection in Mice
Authors: Hattinger E. , Scheiblhofer S. , Roesler E. , Thalhamer T. , Thalhamer J. , Weiss R.
Published: October 2015

Recently, mRNA vaccines have been introduced as a safety-optimized alternative to plasmid DNA-based vaccines for protection against allergy. However, it remained unclear whether the short persistence of this vaccine type would limit memory responses and whether the protective immune response type would be maintained during recurrent exposure to allergen. We tested the duration of protective memory responses in mice vaccinated with mRNA encoding the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 by challenging them with recombinant allergen, 3.5, 6, and 9 months after vaccination. In a second experiment, vaccinated mice were repeatedly challenged monthly with aerosolized allergen over a period of 7 months. Antibody and cytokine responses as well as lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness were assessed. mRNA vaccination induced robust TH1 memory responses for at least 9 months. Vaccination efficiently suppressed TH2 cytokines, IgE responses, and lung eosinophilia. Protection was maintained after repeated exposure to aerosolized allergen and no TH1 associated pathology was observed. Lung function remained improved compared to nonvaccinated controls. Our data clearly indicate that mRNA vaccination against Phl p 5 induces robust, long-lived memory responses, which can be recalled by allergen exposure without side effects. mRNA vaccines fulfill the requirements for safe prophylactic vaccination without the need for booster immunizations.
On Simultaneous Approximation of Modified Baskakov-Durrmeyer Operators
Authors: Patel Prashantkumar G. , Mishra Vishnu Narayan
Published: October 2015

We discuss properties of modified Baskakov-Durrmeyer-Stancu (BDS) operators with parameter γ>0. We compute the moments of these modified operators. Also, we establish pointwise convergence, Voronovskaja type asymptotic formula, and an error estimation in terms of second order modification of continuity of the function for the operators Bn,γα,β(f,x).
RobustH∞Filtering for Uncertain Neutral Stochastic Systems with Markovian Jumping Parameters and Time Delay
Authors: Li Yajun , Huang Zhaowen
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with the robustH∞filter design problem for a class of uncertain neutral stochastic systems with Markovian jumping parameters and time delay. Based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory and generalized Finsler Lemma, a delay-dependent stability condition is proposed to ensure not only that the filter error system is robustly stochastically stable but also that a prescribedH∞performance level is satisfied for all admissible uncertainties. All obtained results are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities which can be easily solved by MATLAB LMI toolbox. Numerical examples are given to show that the results obtained are both less conservative and less complicated in computation.
A Case of Amyopathic Dermatomyositis with Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema
Authors: Gürün Kaya Aslıhan , Çiledağ Aydın , Küçükşahin Orhan , Özdemir Kumbasar Özlem , Atasoy Çetin
Published: October 2015

A 34-year-old man was admitted with dyspnea, cough, and fever. Thorax computed tomography revealed ground glass opacities and pneumomediastinum. The patient was diagnosed as amyopathic dermatomyositis due to skin lesions and radiological findings. Despite immunosuppressive treatment clinical deterioration and radiological progression were observed and the patient died because of severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. The patient presented with extremely rare occurrence of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in amyopathic dermatomyositis with a poor prognosis.
Antiproliferative Activity ofT. welwitschiiExtract on Jurkat T CellsIn Vitro
Authors: Moyo Batanai , Mukanganyama Stanley
Published: October 2015

Triumfetta welwitschiiis a plant used traditionally for the treatment of fever and diarrhoea. Previous work has shown thatT. welwitschiihas antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to investigateT. welwitschiiextract for anticancer activity against Jurkat T cells. The Jurkat T cell line is used to study acute T cell leukaemia. An antiproliferation assay, determination of induction of apoptosis, the determination of the effect of the combination of the extract and GSH, and effects of the extract on DNA leakage were conducted.T. welwitschiiwas found to decrease cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner.T. welwitschiicaused apoptosis in the Jurkat T cells as shown by DNA fragmentation. WhenT. welwitschiiwas combined with reduced GSH, it was found that the growth of the Jurkat T cells was significantly reduced compared to untreated cells after 72 h of treatment. This was unexpected, as cancer cells have elevated levels of GSH compared to normal cells. The results of this study show thatT. welwitschiiis a potential source of compounds that may serve as leads for anticancer compounds.
Treatment of Hemorrhagic Vocal Polyps by Pulsed Dye Laser-Assisted Laryngomicrosurgery
Authors: Byeon Hyung Kwon , Han Ji Hyuk , Choi Byeong Il , Hwang Hye Jin , Kim Ji-Hoon , Choi Hong-Shik
Published: October 2015

Objective. Conventional surgical techniques of laryngomicrosurgery (LMS) on hemorrhagic vocal polyps are often difficult due to obscuration of the surgical field by inadvertent bleeding from the lesion, and there are often significant amounts of mucosal epithelium loss. Here, we introduce our surgical technique using pulsed dye laser (PDL), which can effectively resect the polyp with vocal fold mucosa preservation.Methods. Patients who were diagnosed with hemorrhagic vocal polyp and who were surgically managed using PDL from March 2013 to October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative clinical outcomes and surgical findings were evaluated.Results. A total of 39 patients were treated with PDL-assisted enucleation LMS. The average age was 43.7 years (range 20–73), and there were 20 males and 19 females (17 professional voice users). In all cases, the hemorrhagic polyp was successfully enucleated after application of PDL, thereby preserving the overlying epithelium. Postoperative voice outcomes were favorable with clear preservation of the vocal fold mucosal wave.Conclusion. PDL-assisted enucleation LMS for the treatment of hemorrhagic vocal polyps can be a safe and effective surgical technique. It can be considered a promising treatment option for hemorrhagic vocal polyps.
Synchronous Ovarian and Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Presenting with Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism: Adenocarcinoma with Thrombotic Events
Authors: Erturk N. K. , Erturk A. , Basaran D. , Ozgul N.
Published: October 2015

Introduction.Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare manifestation of hypercoagulability in patients with malignant neoplasms.Case Report.A fifty-six-year-old woman presented to the emergency service; the clinical workup revealed deep vein thrombosis in right leg and bilateral massive PTE. As the abdominal sections on the spiral CT revealed a giant pelvic mass of ovarian origin, she was referred to our hospital’s gynecologic oncology department. She was scheduled for surgery under enoxaparin. She described numbness on one side of her face. Cranial imaging findings revealed acute ischemic cerebral lesions and transesophageal echocardiogram showed vegetation on the aortic cusp. Under anticoagulation treatment, she underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and infracolic omentectomy. After tumor resection, her neurological symptoms dissolved with aggressive anticoagulant treatment. Pathology result was synchronous endometrial and ovarian adenocarcinoma.Discussion.NBTE is a rare condition often associated with advanced malignancies. Peripheral embolism and venous thrombosis are complications that have been associated with NBTE due to hypercoagulable state. These disorders could be resistant to routine anticoagulant treatment. In case of a thrombotic complication due to ovarian malignancy, surgical resection of the primary tumor may increase the effect of anticoagulant treatment.
Effects of a Workplace Intervention Targeting Psychosocial Risk Factors on Safety and Health Outcomes
Authors: Hammer Leslie B. , Truxillo Donald M. , Bodner Todd , Rineer Jennifer , Pytlovany Amy C. , Richman Amy
Published: October 2015

The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of a workplace intervention targeting work-life stress and safety-related psychosocial risk factors on health and safety outcomes. Data were collected over time using a randomized control trial design with 264 construction workers employed in an urban municipal department. The intervention involved family- and safety-supportive supervisor behavior training (computer-based), followed by two weeks of behavior tracking and a four-hour, facilitated team effectiveness session including supervisors and employees. A significant positive intervention effect was found for an objective measure of blood pressure at the 12-month follow-up. However, no significant intervention results were found for self-reported general health, safety participation, or safety compliance. These findings suggest that an intervention focused on supervisor support training and a team effectiveness process for planning and problem solving should be further refined and utilized in order to improve employee health with additional research on the beneficial effects on worker safety.
Full Mouth Oral Rehabilitation by Maxillary Implant Supported Hybrid Denture Employing a Fiber Reinforced Material Instead of Conventional PMMA
Authors: Qamheya Ala Hassan A. , Yeniyol Sinem , Arısan Volkan
Published: October 2015

Many people have life-long problems with their dentures, such as difficulties with speaking and eating, loose denture, and sore mouth syndrome. The evolution of dental implant supported prosthesis gives these patients normal healthy life for their functional and esthetic advantages. This case report presents the fabrication of maxillary implant supported hybrid prosthesis by using Nanofilled Composite (NFC) material in teeth construction to rehabilitate a complete denture wearer patient.
Foley Catheter versus Vaginal Misoprostol for Labour Induction
Authors: Noor Nasreen , Ansari Mehkat , Ali S. Manazir , Parveen Shazia
Published: October 2015

Objectives. To compare the efficacy and safety of intravaginal misoprostol with transcervical Foley catheter for labour induction.Material and Methods. One hundred and four women with term gestation, with Bishop score < 4, and with various indications for labour induction were randomly divided into two groups. In Group I, 25 μg of misoprostol tablet was placed intravaginally, 4 hourly up to maximum 6 doses. In Group II, Foley catheter 16F was placed through the internal os of the cervix under aseptic condition and then inflated with 50 cc of sterile saline. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.Results. The induction to delivery interval was 14.03 ± 7.61 hours versus 18.40 ± 8.02 hours (p<0.01). The rate of vaginal delivery was 76.7% versus 56.8% in misoprostol and transcervical Foley catheter group, respectively. Uterine hyperstimulation was more common with misoprostol. Neonatal outcome was similar in both the groups.Conclusion. Intravaginal misoprostol is associated with a shorter induction to delivery interval as compared to Foley’s catheter and it increases the rate of vaginal delivery in cases of unripe cervix at term. Transcervical Foley catheter is associated with a lower incidence of uterine hyperstimulation during labour.
Effect and Mechanism of Total Flavonoids Extracted fromCotinus coggygriaagainst Glioblastoma CancerIn VitroandIn Vivo
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang JunJie , Du Li , Li Fei
Published: October 2015

Flavonoids, a major constituent ofCotinus coggygria(CC), have been reported to possess diverse biological activities, including antigenotoxic and hepatoprotective effects; however, few studies have investigated the biological activity of the total flavonoids ofCotinus coggygria, especially in terms of its cytotoxicity in cancer cells. In the present study, theCotinus coggygriaflavonoids (CCF) were extracted fromCotinus coggygriaand characterized by HPLC. These results indicated that CCF extracts could inhibit cell proliferation, with IC50values of 128.49 µg/mL (U87), 107.62 µg/mL (U251), and 93.57 µg/mL (DBTRG-05MG). The current investigation also revealed that CCF induced apoptosis in highly malignant glioblastoma cells, a process that apparently involved the inhibition of Akt coupled with ERK protein expression. This finding suggests that the PI3K/Akt-ERK signaling pathway is regulated by CCF and leads to the inhibition of the glioblastoma cancer cells. Furthermore, a significant antitumor effect of CCF was observed in xenograft animal models of glioblastoma multiformein vivo. Taken together, these data suggest that CCF is the active component in theCotinus coggygriaplant that offers potential therapeutic modality in the abrogation of cancer cell proliferation, including the induction of apoptosis.
Laser‐Doping through Anodic Aluminium Oxide Layers for Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Pei Hsuan Doris , Lennon Alison , Wenham Stuart
Published: October 2015

This paper demonstrates that silicon can be locally doped with aluminium to form localised p+ surface regions by laser‐doping through anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) layers formed on the silicon surface. The resulting p+ regions can extend more than 10 μm into the silicon and the electrically active p‐type dopant concentration exceeds 1020 cm−3 for the first 6‐7 μm of the formed p+ region. Anodic aluminium oxide layers can be doped with other impurities, such as boron and phosphorus, by anodising in electrolytes containing the extrinsic impurities in ionic form. The ions become trapped in the formed anodic oxide during anodisation, therefore enabling the impurity to be introduced into the silicon, with aluminium, during laser‐doping. This codoping process can be used to create very heavily doped surface layers which can reduce contact resistance on metallisation, whilst the deeper doping achieved by the intrinsic aluminium may act to shield the surface from minority carriers. laser‐doping through AAO layers can be performed without introducing any voids in the silicon or fumes which may be harmful to human health.