bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lumbar spine bone mineral adaptation: cricket fast bowlers versus controls
Authors: Keylock Laura , Alway Peter , Johnson William , Crabtree Nicola , King Mark , Peirce Nicholas , Brooke-Wavell Katherine
Published: April 2023

Elite adult male fast bowlers have high lumbar spine bone mineral, particularly on the contralateral side to their bowling arm. It is thought that bone possesses its greatest ability to adapt to loading during adolescence, but it is unknown at what age the greatest changes in lumbar bone mineral and asymmetry develops in fast bowlers.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the adaptation of the lumbar vertebrae in fast bowlers compared to controls and how this is associated with age.

Methods

91 male fast bowlers and 84 male controls aged 14–24 years had between one and three annual anterior-posterior lumbar spine dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry scans. Total (L1-L4) and regional ipsilateral and contralateral L3 and L4 (respective to bowling arm) bone mineral density and content (BMD/C) were derived. Multilevel models examined the differences in lumbar bone mineral trajectories between fast bowlers and controls.

Results

At L1-L4 BMC and BMD, and contralateral BMD sites, fast bowlers demonstrated a greater negative quadratic pattern to their accrual trajectories than controls. Fast bowlers had greater increases in BMC in L1-L4 between 14 and 24 years of 55% compared with controls (41%). Within vertebra, asymmetry was evident in all fast bowlers and increased by up to 13% in favour of the contralateral side.

Conclusions

Lumbar vertebral adaptation to fast bowling substantially increased with age, particularly on the contralateral side. The greatest accrual was during late adolescence and early adulthood, which may correspond with the increasing physiological demands of adult professional sport.
Diagnostic significance of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) titres: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Merindol Julie , Levraut Michael , Seitz-Polski Barbara , Morand Lucas , Martis Nihal
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To investigate the reliability of elevated titres of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and to identify a cut-off titre in discriminating between ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) and its mimickers.

Methods

This retrospective observational single-centre study included patients over 18 years with positive myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA and/or proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA immunoassays over an 8-year period (January 2010 to December 2018), via their electronic medical files. Patients were classified according to the 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria and alternative diagnoses categorised either as non-AAV autoimmune disorders (ANCA-AI) or disorders without autoimmune features (ANCA-O). Findings from the AAV group were compared with those of ANCA-AI and ANCA-O groups and followed by a multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis of features associated with AAV.

Results

288 ANCA-positive patients of which 49 had AAV were altogether included. There was no difference between patients between the ANCA-AI (n=99) and the ANCA-O (n=140) groups. The AUC for titres discriminating AAV from mimickers was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.87). The best threshold titre, irrespective of PR3-ANCA or MPO-ANCA, was 65 U/mL with a negative predictive value of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.00). On multivariate analysis, an ANCA titre ≥65 U/mL was independently associated with AAV with an OR of 34.21 (95% CI 9.08 to 129.81; p<0.001). Other risk factors were: pulmonary fibrosis (OR, 11.55 (95% CI, 3.87 to 34.47, p<0.001)), typical ear nose and throat involvement (OR, 5.67 (95% CI, 1.64 to 19.67); p=0.006) and proteinuria (OR, 6.56 (95% CI, 2.56 to 16.81; p<0.001)).

Conclusion

High PR3/MPO-ANCA titres can help to discriminate between AAV and their mimickers in patients presenting with small-calibre vasculitides, with a threshold titre of 65 U/mL and above.
Service Time and Pricing Decisions in Online Retailing with Drop-Shipping and Guaranteed Service Framework
Authors: Zhang Linjing , Ding Yi , Shi Yaxin
Published: April 2023

Many online retailers have adopted drop-shipping as their main order fulfillment strategy. Against this backdrop, this paper studies the service time and pricing decisions in an online retailing system in which the single retailer is served by either monopolistic or duopolistic suppliers. The suppliers are dominant in the Stackelberg game. We employ the guaranteed service framework to model the intricate relationship between service time and inventory. The model stipulates that the delivery of online orders must be completed within guaranteed service time. The equilibrium service times and prices are derived for both cases of monopolistic and duopolistic suppliers. In addition, we systematically analyze the impact of operational and market factors on service time, respectively, and rich insights have been obtained. Interestingly, we find that the presence of competition does not necessarily lead to more rapid delivery service. Suppliers in the duopoly market tend to adopt a price-based competitive strategy, i.e., they are better off by lowering price at the expense of longer service time, especially for the new entrant. However, as competition intensifies to some extent, suppliers are recommended to leverage on more responsive service to maintain or expand the customer base.
Matrix-valued nonstationary frames associated with the Weyl–Heisenberg group and the extended affine group
Authors: Jindal Divya , Jyoti  , Vashisht Lalit Kumar
Published: April 2023

We study nonstationary frames of matrix-valued Gabor systems and wavelet systems in the matrix-valued function space [Formula: see text]. First, we show that a diagonal matrix-valued window function constitutes a frame for [Formula: see text] whenever each diagonal entry constitutes a frame for the space [Formula: see text]. This is not true for arbitrary nonzero matrix-valued function. Using this, we prove the existence of nonstationary matrix-valued Gabor frames associated with the Weyl–Heisenberg group in terms of density of real numbers. We give a representation of the frame operator of matrix-valued nonstationary Gabor system. A necessary condition with explicit frame bounds for nonstationary matrix-valued Gabor frames associated with the Weyl–Heisenberg group is given. We discuss matrix-valued frame preserving maps in terms of adjointablity, with respect to the matrix-valued inner product, of bounded linear operators acting on [Formula: see text]. It is shown that the image of a matrix-valued Gabor frame under bounded, linear and invertible operator on [Formula: see text] may not be a frame for [Formula: see text]. In this direction, we give sufficient conditions on bounded linear operators which can preserve frame conditions. Finally, we give necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of nonstationary matrix-valued wavelet frames associated with the extended affine group.
End-to-End Security for Distributed Event-driven Enclave Applications on Heterogeneous TEEs
Authors: Scopelliti Gianluca , Pouyanrad Sepideh , Noorman Job , Alder Fritz , Baumann Christoph , Piessens Frank , Mühlberg Jan Tobias
Published: April 2023

This article presents an approach to provide strong assurance of the secure execution of distributed event-driven applications on shared infrastructures, while relying on a small Trusted Computing Base. We build upon and extend security primitives provided by Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to guarantee authenticity and integrity properties of applications, and to secure control of input and output devices. More specifically, we guarantee that if an output is produced by the application, it was allowed to be produced by the application’s source code based on an authentic trace of inputs.

We present an integrated open-source framework to develop, deploy, and use such applications across heterogeneous TEEs. Beyond authenticity and integrity, our framework optionally provides confidentiality and a notion of availability, and facilitates software development at a high level of abstraction over the platform-specific TEE layer. We support event-driven programming to develop distributed enclave applications in Rust and C for heterogeneous TEE, including Intel SGX, ARM TrustZone, and Sancus.

In this article we discuss the workings of our approach, the extensions we made to the Sancus processor, and the integration of our development model with commercial TEEs. Our evaluation of security and performance aspects show that TEEs, together with our programming model, form a basis for powerful security architectures for dependable systems in domains such as Industrial Control Systems and the Internet of Things, illustrating our framework’s unique suitability for a broad range of use cases which combine cloud processing, mobile and edge devices, and lightweight sensing and actuation.
Structural Regulation and Growth Mechanism of 3D-TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xu Qin , Xiao Yongna , Duan Sutian , Yin Xiaoguang
Published: April 2023

The microstructure of titanium dioxide nanotubes significantly influences their properties. In this study, two types of three-dimensional titanium dioxide (3D-TiO2) nanotubes with different periodic structures were obtained by periodic pulse anodization of high-purity titanium sheets using discontinuous sawtooth waves under specific alternating-voltage (AV) and alternating-current (AC) conditions, and the inner pores of the nanotubes were both in a “gourd-like” structure. By adjusting the amplitude, period time, and duty cycle of the discontinuous sawtooth wave, the precise regulation of the structure of the 3D-TiO2 inner pore and outer tube can be achieved. This study demonstrates that the formation of “gourd-like” structure of the internal pore is mainly related to the migration rate of ions under low and high voltage/current and the dissolution rate of oxides on the inner wall of nanotubes. This study provides a new prospect for the application of 3D-TiO2 nanotubes, which have great potential for application in sensors, photocatalysis, and other fields.
Central androgen action reverses hypothalamic astrogliosis and atherogenic risk factors induced by orchiectomy and high-fat diet feeding in male mice
Authors: Dorfman Mauricio D. , Monfeuga Thomas , Melhorn Susan J. , Kanter Jenny E. , Frey Jeremy M. , Fasnacht Rachael D. , Chandran Anandhakumar , Lala Emaad , Velasco Inmaculada , Rubinow Katya B. , Meek Thomas H. , Schur Ellen A. , Bornfeldt Karin E. , Thaler Joshua P.
Published: April 2023

This study provides evidence that hypothalamic gliosis is a key early event through which androgen deficiency in combination with a Western-style diet might lead to cardiometabolic dysregulation in males. Furthermore, this work provides the first evidence in humans of a positive association between hypothalamic gliosis and LDL-cholesterol, advancing our knowledge of CNS influences on CVD risk progression.
Metagenomic and Pathogenic Assessments Identify a Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 with New Deletions from Adult Slaughter Pig in 2022
Authors: Li Chen , Qiu Ming , Li Shubin , Sun Zhe , Huang Zitao , Qi Wenhao , Qiu Yuejia , Li Jixiang , Feng Binghui , Zhao Dashi , Lin Hong , Zheng Wanglong , Yu Xiuling , Tian Kegong , Fan Kewei , Zhu Jianzhong , Chen Nanhua
Published: April 2023

Since we first reported porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) wild type strains in mainland China in 2011, PRRSV1 infection has been detected in more than 20 provinces in China. During the routine investigation of PRRSV1 epidemiology in 2022, we isolated a novel PRRSV1 strain (SD1291) from an adult slaughter pig in Linyi, Shandong Province. The SD1291 could only be isolated with primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), not with Marc-145 cells. In addition, the 2022 SD1291 isolate has higher in vitro replication efficacy than the 2014 PRRSV1 HLJB1 isolate in PAMs. Due to high genetic variation, the complete genome of SD1291 was determined by metagenomic sequencing, which showed that SD1291 shares the highest genome similarity (88.12%) with the PRRSV1 HeB47 isolate. Sequence alignment results identified a four-amino-acid deletion in nsp2 and a five-amino-acid deletion in the GP3 and GP4 overlap region of SD1291. A complete-genome-based phylogenetic tree showed that SD1291 is grouped with BJEU06-1-like PRRSV1 isolates. A piglets’ challenge study showed that SD1291 can cause high fever (the highest is 41°C), reduced weight gain, mild lung consolidation, and interstitial pneumonia indicating that SD1291 is a pathogenic PRRSV1 isolate. Overall, this study first identified a novel pathogenic PRRSV1 isolate from an adult slaughter pig in China. Our findings also suggested that new PRRSV1 variants could escape the current PRRSV vaccination system and circulate in adult swine herds, which deserve more attention.
The Efficacy of Combined Olive Leaf and Curcumin Extract on Healing Human Papillomavirus: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mehrabi rad Fatemeh , Changaee Farahnaz , Toulabi Tahereh , Yari Fatemeh , Rashidipour Marzieh , Mohammadi Rasool , Yarahmadi Sajad , Almasian Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Background. Genital warts are sexually transmitted diseases for which there is no definitive cure. This study aimed to determine the effect of the combination of olive leaf extract and curcumin on the number of lesions and the duration of recovery in patients with external anogenital warts. Methods. This study is a three‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in 2020. In this study, women with external anogenital warts were enrolled by the consecutive nonprobability sampling method and then assigned by stratified block randomization to two groups: placebo (n = 28) and intervention (n = 26). In the intervention group, the combined olive leaf and curcumin extract was applied topically three times a day until recovery and up to 12 weeks. Routine treatment was administered to both groups in addition to the interventions. The number of warts, the duration of recovery, and the severity and duration of treatment side effects were assessed in all participants. Results. The results showed that the mean number of warts was significantly lower in the intervention group (5.65 ± 5.223) than in the placebo group (7.61 ± 5.245) from the fifth day of treatment onwards (p = 0.027). The mean duration of recovery in days in the intervention group (14.73 ± 9.735)) was significantly less than the placebo group (34.25 ± 18.863) (p = 0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the frequency of drug side effects such as burning (p = 0.083), redness (p = 0.413), and itching (p = 0.706). The intervention group experienced side effects for a shorter duration of time (1.50 ± 1.924) compared to the placebo group (4.93 ± 8.366) (p = 0.043). Conclusion. The combined 10% olive leaf and curcumin extract can be effective in reducing the number of warts, duration of healing, and reducing the duration of complications in patients with external anogenital warts and is recommended as a complementary treatment for these patients. This trail is registered with IRCT20200509047350N1
VulDistilBERT: A CPS Vulnerability Severity Prediction Method Based on Distillation Model
Authors: Kai Shaofeng , Shi Fan , Zheng Jinghua
Published: April 2023

With the vigorous development of the Internet, the ecosystem of cyber-physical systems is also developing at a high speed, but cyber-physical systems may be accompanied by unknown vulnerabilities in the process of concrete implementation. Thus, the number of vulnerabilities in cyber-physical systems has been increasing year by year. The vulnerability evaluation speed cannot keep up with the vulnerability exposure speed. The traditional manual evaluation method can no longer effectively deal with such large-scale vulnerabilities, resulting in a backlog of vulnerabilities. Therefore, the vulnerability evaluation results have a certain lag. To address this problem, the paper proposes a vulnerability severity assessment method based on the distillation model. The method first uses data augmentation and integration of optimal subsets to improve the amount of information in the vulnerability description text, then uses the DistilBERT model to characterize the text of the vulnerability description text, and then the characterized feature vectors are classified based on the linear layer to achieve the purpose of assessing vulnerability severity. Compared with the current method of manual assessment based on the CVSS metric system, this method can automate the assessment of vulnerabilities based on vulnerability description text, which improves the speed of vulnerability assessment, and the assessment accuracy and other metrics achieved by this method are improved compared with similar studies. This approach provides an automated solution for cyber-physical systems vulnerability assessment and can better address the current situation where cyber-physical systems vulnerabilities are being exposed at an accelerated rate.
Adsorptive Dephenolization of Aqueous Solutions Using Thermally Modified Corn Cob: Mechanisms, Point of Zero Charge, and Isosteric Heat Studies
Authors: Iheanacho Ositadinma Chamberlain , Nwabanne Joseph Tagbo , Obi Christopher Chiedozie , Igwegbe Chinenye Adaobi , Onu Chijioke Elijah , Dahlan Irvan
Published: April 2023

The sorption mechanisms, point of zero charge, and isosteric heats involved in the adsorptive dephenolization of aqueous solutions using thermally modified corn cob (TMCC) were studied at different initial phenol concentrations (100–500 mg/l), TMCC dosage (0.4–2.0 g), contact time (5–60 min), pH (2–10), and temperature (30–60°C). Analysis of the adsorbent material showed that it possessed the properties typical of a good adsorbent. The adsorption experiments revealed that phenol uptake is favored by an increase in TMCC dosage and contact time and a decrease in temperature and concentration of phenol in the solution. The experimental data were well-fitted to the Sips, Langmuir, Toth, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. Thermodynamic studies suggested that the sorption of phenol onto TMCC is feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. The isosteric heats of adsorption obtained are in the range 47.43-79.38 kJ/mol, confirming that the adsorption process is predominantly a physical process depicting the van der Waals interactions, and it is inversely proportional to surface loading. The analysis of the adsorption mechanisms showed that the intraparticle, film, and pore diffusion mechanisms were significantly involved in the phenol adsorption process. The involvement of electrostatic attraction, [Formula: see text] electron-donor interaction, and hydrogen bonding was also demonstrated. The point of zero charge ([Formula: see text]) was obtained at a pH of 5.83; being slightly lower than the optimum pH of 6 indicates that the sorbent surface is obviously not negatively charged at [Formula: see text]. The discoveries of this study have shown that the dephenolization process is feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, dominated by a physical process, and governed by intraparticle, film, and pore diffusion mechanisms.
Potential Use of Scoria as a Cementitious Material for Green Concrete Production
Authors: Ayene Habtamu , Geremew Anteneh , Amenu Teklu
Published: April 2023

The demand for cement, which is one of the key components of concrete, is high in Ethiopia, but it is the most expensive and environmentally unfriendly construction material. Due to the increasing concerns about the environment worldwide, researchers have started looking for other resources that can be used to reduce the pollution caused by the cement industry. One of the most effective ways to reduce the pollution caused by the cement industry is by using volcanic scoria powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete production. Scoria is a locally available natural volcanic material in Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions. This natural resource can also be used to reduce energy consumption and the cost of production of cement. To investigate this study, nonprobability sampling techniques were adopted to collect samples from the study area. A differing proportion of scoria powder was considered as a partial replacement of cement after analyzing its characteristics, and its effect on the fresh and mechanical properties of hardened concrete was examined. The test results on the characteristics of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete production; hence, its main constituents SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 are higher than 70% as per ASTM C618. As the content of scoria powder replacement in cement is increased, it reduces the slump of freshly mixed concrete properties. The hardened concrete specimens made with 10%, 20%, and 30% partial replacement of cement with scoria achieved the specified minimum strength after 28 days of curing time. But concrete specimens made with 40% scoria content do not satisfy the minimum specified concrete strength even after 90 days. The significant strength achievement in scoria blended concrete specimens occurred when moving from 56 to 90 days of curing with 10% replacements. However, in reference specimens, this was observed during 28 days of curing times. The findings of this investigation revealed that scoria powder could replace cement by 30% for the production of normal concrete and it also has the potential to protect the environment from carbon dioxide emissions. These findings satisfy the basic strategy of green concrete production in worldwide.
Adaptive Fault‐Tolerate Lateral Control for Autonomous Electric Vehicles with Unknown Parameters and Actuator Faults
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Wang Yadong , Wang Kunfeng
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the fault‐tolerant lateral control problem is considered for autonomous electric vehicles with unknown parameters and actuator faults. In the real world, the physical characteristics of vehicles are time‐varying, causing that the parameters are unknown and even piecewise. Besides, the actuators may encounter with intermittent actuator faults, which can destroy the system’s performance. To deal with the piecewise unknown parameters and actuator faults, quadratic damping terms are designed in the controller and estimators are introduced to estimate those uncertainties. Then, by utilizing the backstepping technique, a novel adaptive fault‐tolerant lateral control scheme is proposed, which guarantees that the tracking errors converge into a compact set. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.
A Comparative Study of Metakaolin and Silica Fume on the Properties and Microstructure of Ultrafine Dredged Sand Mortars
Authors: Qin Changpei , Zhao Junxian , Wang Yixuan , Zou Yongqi , Al Sairafia Fares Ali , Jiang Chaohua
Published: April 2023

The main objective of this study is to improve the performance of ultrafine dredged sand mortars by using metakaolin (MK) and silica fume (SF) mixed with high-content FA. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the ultrafine dredged sand mortars were analyzed. The results show that the strong growth rate of the mortars with 5%, 10%, and 15% MK and SF contents, respectively, exceeds 30% at the age of 7 d. Compared with an ordinary Portland cement dredged mortar, the shrinkage of the specimens with 5% and 15% MK increases prior to 7 d and decreases by 16.9% and 13.8%, respectively, at 90 d. The addition of MK shows a better enhancement effect than that of SF, with the splitting tensile strength increased by 41.4% to 2.15 MPa with 15% MK compared with the mortar with a 50% FA content at 3 d. MK shows a higher enhancement effect than SF due to its uniquely active Al2O3. Moreover, a microstructural investigation based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) confirms that the physical filling and pozzolanic effects of MK and SF can optimize the microstructure of the slurry, improve the interfacial combination of different phases, and refine the pore size distribution of cement paste. The test results prove that high-content FA ternary cementitious systems containing MK or SF represent a sustainable solution to the resource utilization of building materials based on ultrafine dredged sand.
Numerical Simulation of Ice Crystal Supercooled Droplet Mixed Phase Icing Based on the Improved Messinger Model
Authors: Wang Zhengzhi , Zhong Wei , Liu Chunfu , Zhao Huanyu , Liu Senyun
Published: April 2023

The ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase icing problem is an important research direction in aircraft icing and has received more attention in recent years. The thermodynamic process of the water film after the ice crystals impact on the surface determines the final ice shape, which is an important part of the accurate prediction of aircraft icing. In this paper, a thermodynamic model of ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase icing is proposed based on the extended Messinger model, according to the results of flow field and particle trajectory calculations. In this model, the mass and energy conservation equations of ice crystals, supercooled droplets, and liquid water are considered. The equations take the process of ice crystal adhesion and erosion into account, and the solution method of the equations is given. Ice shapes are calculated under various ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase conditions and compared with experimental results to demonstrate the validity of the numerical method. The effects of ice crystal erosion rate, melting ratio, and adhesion coefficient on the calculation results are analyzed by a numerical method. The results show that the ice crystal erosion rate has little effect on the ice shape, while a larger melting ratio and adhesion coefficient lead to more ice accretion.
Introduction of Multiple Novel High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus of Clade 2.3.4.4b into South Korea in 2022
Authors: Kang Yong-Myung , Heo Gyeong-Beom , An Se-Hee , Lee Yu-Na , Cha Ra Mi , Cho Hyun-Kyu , Sagong Mingeun , Kim Dong-Hyun , Lee Eun-Kyoung , Kang Hyun-Mi , Lee Kwang-Nyeong , Lee Youn-Jeong
Published: April 2023

Since October 2020, H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have spread to many countries. Although these viruses evolved from Eurasian ancestors, reassortant with other LPAI viruses has generated various genotypes. Here, we identified three H5N1 HPAI viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b; these viruses were isolated from mandarin duck, common teal, and domestic breeder ducks in October 2022 during an avian influenza (AI) active surveillance program. Two of the H5N1 viruses (MD/WA496 and BD/H493) have been found sporadically in China, Russia, and Korea. It is presumed that two viruses with a similar gene constellation isolated in Russia, China, and Korea were introduced into the breeding area during the spring migration, and were introduced newly to Korea during the autumn migration. Due to international bird migration, the other virus (CT/WA537) is most similar (99.3–99.8%) to a virus detected in North Dakota, USA in April 2022. These results suggest that H5N1 viruses with at least two genotypes were introduced at the same time into Korea during the autumn of 2022, and that they originated from Eurasian breeding grounds and North America. Thus, multiple 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses were introduced into Korea during the autumn season of 2022.
Jejunal Intussusception Secondary to a Large Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp: A Case Report and Discussion of Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Abu-Salah Asma Khalid , Brocken Eric , Mesa Hector , Collins Katrina
Published: April 2023

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP), initially considered a reactive process, is now recognized as a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with medically refractory Crohn disease that presented with intussusception requiring surgical intervention. The resection revealed a jejunal mass consisting of a submucosal proliferation of bland spindle cells in a fibrous stroma infiltrated by numerous eosinophils. By immunohistochemistry, the lesion was positive for vimentin and negative for desmin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), S-100, CD117, DOG1, ALK (D5F3), Melan-A, HMB-45, CD34, and STAT6. Ki-67 proliferative index was low (<1%). The mass was classified as IFP by its characteristic morphology and associated eosinophilia. IFP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adults with intussusception or bowel obstruction. Definitive treatment typically requires surgical resection of the involved bowel segment.
A Rare Coexistence of Simultaneous Cardio-Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Yadav Vijay , Gajurel Ratna Mani , Poudel Chandra Mani , Thapa Paras , Sharma Manju , Shrestha Suraj
Published: April 2023

Background. Contemporaneous acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS), termed cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI), is a rare medical emergency. The effectual management of this situation is exigent since early management of one condition will inevitably delay the other. Case Presentation. A 60-year-old woman presented to our hospital with concurrent AMI of the inferior left ventricular wall, complicated by cardiogenic shock and transient complete heart block, and AIS of more than 4.5 hour duration. The cerebral computerized tomography angiography revealed a right-sided terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, and the coronary angiogram depicted double vessel disease with a culprit lesion in the right coronary artery (RCA). The patient underwent mechanical thrombectomy for the ICA occlusion by an interventional neuroradiologist followed by the primary percutaneous coronary intervention of the culprit RCA by the interventional cardiologists in the same setting. Conclusion. A patient with concurrent AMI and AIS is a challenging situation to treat in the emergency department, and the treatment must be individualized for each patient.
Clinical Importance of the lncRNA NEAT1 in Cancer Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Toker Joseph , Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Ling Alexander L. , Villa Genaro R. , Gadet Josephina A.M.A. , Parida Laxmi , Getz Gad , Wu Catherine J. , Reardon David A. , Chiocca E. Antonio , Mineo Marco
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

mAbs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint are powerful tools to improve the survival of patients with cancer. Understanding the molecular basis of clinical response to these treatments is critical to identify patients who can benefit from this immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression in patients with cancer treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.

Experimental Design:

lncRNA expression profile was analyzed in one cohort of patients with melanoma and two independent cohorts of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) undergoing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses were performed to evaluate lncRNA expression in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells.

Results:

We identified the lncRNA NEAT1 as commonly upregulated between patients with melanoma with complete therapeutic response and patients with GBM with longer survival following anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that NEAT1 expression was strongly associated with the IFNγ pathways, along with downregulation of cell-cycle-related genes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses revealed NEAT1 expression across multiple cell types within the GBM microenvironment, including tumor cells, macrophages, and T cells. High NEAT1 expression levels in tumor cells correlated with increased infiltrating macrophages and microglia. In these tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, we found that NEAT1 expression was linked to enrichment in TNFα/NFκB signaling pathway genes. Silencing NEAT1 suppressed M1 macrophage polarization and reduced the expression of TNFα and other inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest an association between NEAT1 expression and patient response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in melanoma and GBM and have important implications for the role of lncRNAs in the tumor microenvironment.
Data from Significance of RB Loss in Unlocking Phenotypic Plasticity in Advanced Cancers
Authors: Venkadakrishnan Varadha Balaji , Yamada Yasutaka , Weng Kenny , Idahor Osasenaga , Beltran Himisha
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cancer cells can undergo plasticity in response to environmental stimuli or under selective therapeutic pressures that result in changes in phenotype. This complex phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Lineage plasticity is often associated with loss of dependence on the original oncogenic driver and is facilitated, in part, by underlying genomic and epigenetic alterations. Understanding the molecular drivers of cancer plasticity is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The retinoblastoma gene RB1 (encoding RB) is the first tumor suppressor gene to be discovered and has a well-described role in cell-cycle regulation. RB is also involved in diverse cellular functions beyond cell cycle including differentiation. Here, we describe the emerging role of RB loss in unlocking cancer phenotypic plasticity and driving therapy resistance across cancer types. We highlight parallels in cancer with the noncanonical role of RB that is critical for normal development and lineage specification, and the downstream consequences of RB loss including epigenetic reprogramming and chromatin reorganization that can lead to changes in lineage program. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches geared toward RB loss cancers undergoing lineage reprogramming.
Significance of RB Loss in Unlocking Phenotypic Plasticity in Advanced Cancers
Authors: Venkadakrishnan Varadha Balaji , Yamada Yasutaka , Weng Kenny , Idahor Osasenaga , Beltran Himisha
Published: April 2023

Cancer cells can undergo plasticity in response to environmental stimuli or under selective therapeutic pressures that result in changes in phenotype. This complex phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Lineage plasticity is often associated with loss of dependence on the original oncogenic driver and is facilitated, in part, by underlying genomic and epigenetic alterations. Understanding the molecular drivers of cancer plasticity is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The retinoblastoma gene RB1 (encoding RB) is the first tumor suppressor gene to be discovered and has a well-described role in cell-cycle regulation. RB is also involved in diverse cellular functions beyond cell cycle including differentiation. Here, we describe the emerging role of RB loss in unlocking cancer phenotypic plasticity and driving therapy resistance across cancer types. We highlight parallels in cancer with the noncanonical role of RB that is critical for normal development and lineage specification, and the downstream consequences of RB loss including epigenetic reprogramming and chromatin reorganization that can lead to changes in lineage program. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches geared toward RB loss cancers undergoing lineage reprogramming.
Supplementary Data Table1 from Driver Mutations Dictate the Immunologic Landscape and Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Yeo Alan T. , Shah Rushil , Aliazis Konstantinos , Pal Rinku , Xu Tuoye , Zhang Piyan , Rawal Shruti , Rose Christopher M. , Varn Frederick S. , Appleman Vicky A. , Yoon Joon , Varma Hemant , Gygi Steven P. , Verhaak Roel G.W. , Boussiotis Vassiliki A. , Charest Al
Published: April 2023

Supplementary Table 1
Table S5 from Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals RAB10 as a synthetic lethal gene in colorectal and pancreatic cancers carrying SMAD4 loss.
Authors: Erasimus Helene , Kolnik Vanessa , Lacroix Frederic , Sidhu Sukhvinder S , D'Agostino Stephane , Lemaitre Olivier , Rohaut Alexandre , Sanchez Isabelle , Thill Gilbert , Didier Michel , Debussche Laurent , Marcireau Christophe
Published: April 2023

Gene_scoreMageckComparison
Supplementary Figure 5 from Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals RAB10 as a synthetic lethal gene in colorectal and pancreatic cancers carrying SMAD4 loss.
Authors: Erasimus Helene , Kolnik Vanessa , Lacroix Frederic , Sidhu Sukhvinder S , D'Agostino Stephane , Lemaitre Olivier , Rohaut Alexandre , Sanchez Isabelle , Thill Gilbert , Didier Michel , Debussche Laurent , Marcireau Christophe
Published: April 2023

Short validation screen in plate to validate the top 4 synthetic lethal gene candidates
Supplementary Figure 1 from Genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals RAB10 as a synthetic lethal gene in colorectal and pancreatic cancers carrying SMAD4 loss.
Authors: Erasimus Helene , Kolnik Vanessa , Lacroix Frederic , Sidhu Sukhvinder S , D'Agostino Stephane , Lemaitre Olivier , Rohaut Alexandre , Sanchez Isabelle , Thill Gilbert , Didier Michel , Debussche Laurent , Marcireau Christophe
Published: April 2023

Map of the plasmids to express inducible SMAD4 and Cas9
Genome-wide CRISPR Screen Reveals RAB10 as a Synthetic Lethal Gene in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancers Carrying SMAD4 Loss
Authors: Erasimus Hélène , Kolnik Vanessa , Lacroix Frédéric , Sidhu Sukhvinder , D'Agostino Stéphane , Lemaitre Olivier , Rohaut Alexandre , Sanchez Isabelle , Thill Gilbert , Didier Michel , Debussche Laurent , Marcireau Christophe
Published: April 2023

The TGFβ signaling mediator SMAD4 is frequently mutated or deleted in colorectal and pancreatic cancers. SMAD4 acts as a tumor suppressor and its loss is associated with poorer patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to find synthetic lethal interactions with SMAD4 deficiency to find novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with SMAD4-deficient colorectal or pancreatic cancers. Using pooled lentiviral single-guide RNA libraries, we conducted genome-wide loss-of-function screens in Cas9-expressing colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells harboring altered or wild-type SMAD4. The small GTPase protein RAB10 was identified and validated as a susceptibility gene in SMAD4-altered colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells. Rescue assays showed that RAB10 reintroduction reversed the antiproliferative effects of RAB10 knockout in SMAD4-negative cell lines. Further investigation is necessary to shed light on the mechanism by which RAB10 inhibition decreases cell proliferation of SMAD4-negative cells.

Significance:

This study identified and validated RAB10 as new synthetic lethal gene with SMAD4. This was achieved by conducting a whole-genome CRISPR screens in different colorectal and pancreatic cell lines. A future RAB10 inhibitors could correspond to a new therapeutic solution for patients with cancer with SMAD4 deletion.
Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Added to Milk, Chewing Gum, and Candy on Dental Caries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Giacaman Rodrigo A. , Maturana Catalina A , Molina José , Volgenant Catherine M.C. , Fernández Constanza E.
Published: April 2023

Casein is one of the most studied proteins with activity against dental caries. In particular, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) has shown promising remineralizing properties. In vivo evidence on the anticaries potential of CPP-ACP added to foodstuffs is elusive, nonetheless. Hence, this systematic review aimed at determining whether the use of CPP-ACP added to foodstuffs has a remineralizing or inhibitory action on dental demineralization either in vivo or in situ. The review protocol followed the PRISMA-P criteria and was registered in PROSPERO. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using predefined criteria, based on the PICO question: Is there an effect on dental caries upon adding CPP-ACP to milk, chewing gums, or candies? No year or language limits were applied. Article selection and data extraction were carried out independently by 2 investigators. Two hundred ten titles were examined, 23 were selected for full-text review, and 16 studies were included (2 in vivo and 14 in situ). CPP-ACP was added to candy in 2 studies, to milk in 2 studies, and to chewing gum in 12 studies. The main outcomes included enamel remineralization and activity against dental biofilm. The overall quality of the evidence was classified as moderate. The available evidence suggests that CPP-ACP added to milk, chewing gum, or candy has a potential remineralizing activity on tooth enamel, with some additional antibacterial activity on the dental biofilm. Further clinical studies are needed to verify if this effect is clinically significant in reducing the caries lesion incidence or to revert the demineralizing process.
O poder político da Sociedade civil ao Estado e o Homo oeconomicus
Authors: Silva Natália Pereira Ribeiro da
Published: April 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal a compreensão e análise da noção de “sociedade civil” abordada pelo filósofo francês Michel Foucault no curso Nascimento da biopolítica: Curso no Collége de France (1978-1979), onde Foucault se propõe à análise dos princípios teóricos do liberalismo. Dando ênfase especificamente às suas últimas aulas do curso Nascimento da biopolítica, que traz a análise da ideia de “Homo oeconomicus”, como “sujeito de interesse” distinto do “sujeito de direito”, e da noção de sociedade civil, correlativa da tecnologia liberal de governo. Como ideias contrapostas no pensamento liberal clássico, a sociedade civil aparecerá em oposição ao Estado, como a natureza ao artifício, ou o espontâneo ao forçado.
A antinomia do indivíduo moral moderno: liberdade, igualdade e virtudes nos séculos XVII e XVIII
Authors: Cardoso Silva Felipe
Published: April 2023

Resenha do livro "A Paixão da Igualdade: uma genealogia do indivíduo moral na França" de Vinicius de Figueiredo.
Atuação do bibliotecário escolar na pandemia, segundo a visão da Abes
Authors: Rodrigues Patrícia Nogueira , Pereira Gleice , Batista Carla Erler Mattos , Zanella Ferdinanda Mattos
Published: April 2023

A pandemia provocada pelo coronavírus (COVID-19) causou grandes impactos em todo o mundo, principalmente na área da educação, onde o bibliotecário escolar encontra-se inserido, provocando grandes mudanças em sua atuação, perante os serviços prestados a comunidade escolar. Percebendo este novo cenário, o Grupo de Trabalho de Biblioteca Escolar pertecente a Associação de Bibliotecários do Espírito Santo (ABES),desenvolveu a presente pesquisa objetivando identificar se as instituições de ensino inseriram o bibliotecário nesse novo formato de ensino, bem como, apresentar as condições de trabalho do bibliotecário nesse período e quais atividades foram desenvolvidas por estes, que fazem ou não parte das suas atribuições. Quanto a metodologia, trata-se de uma de abordagem qualiquantitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a utilização de questionário aplicado aos bibliotecários do Estado do Espírito Santo. Após o levantamento dos dados, foi possível constatar que a maioria dos bibliotecários participantes desta pesquisa já haviam voltado a trabalhar de forma presencial (uma vez que o processo de   vacinação já havia iniciado). Identificamos que mesmo não havendo aulas presenciais, a maioria dos bibliotecários tentaram manter a interação com seus alunos de forma virtual e as principais atividades desenvolvidas durante este momento sinalizadas pelos bibliotecários foram : clube de leitura, estantes virtuais, dicas de leitura , vídeos de contação de histórias, quiz e games. Os resultados apontaram que durante a pandemia as ferramentas digitais fizeram parte do processo de reinvenção das bibliotecas escolares, porém boa parte dos bibliotecários não possuem recursos básicos como computador e internet, em suas bibliotecas e que muitos infelizmente foram submetidos ao desvio de função durante este período.
What is “Where”: Physical Reasoning Informs Object Location
Authors: Boger Tal , Ullman Tomer
Published: April 2023

A central puzzle the visual system tries to solve is: “what is where?” While a great deal of research attempts to model object recognition (“what”), a comparatively smaller body of work seeks to model object location (“where”), especially in perceiving everyday objects. How do people locate an object, right now, in front of them? In three experiments collecting over 35,000 judgements on stimuli spanning different levels of realism (line drawings, real images, and crude forms), participants clicked “where” an object is, as if pointing to it. We modeled their responses with eight different methods, including both human response-based models (judgements of physical reasoning, spatial memory, free-response “click anywhere” judgements, and judgements of where people would grab the object), and image-based models (uniform distributions over the image, convex hull, saliency map, and medial axis). Physical reasoning was the best predictor of “where,” performing significantly better than even spatial memory and free-response judgements. Our results offer insight into the perception of object locations while also raising interesting questions about the relationship between physical reasoning and visual perception.
Homer’s Moving Pictures: Audio-Visual Aspects of the Scar Episode (Odyssey 19.386–504)
Authors: Finkelberg Margalit
Published: April 2023

Although it is a matter of common knowledge that the cultural context in which the Homeric poems were communicated both before and after their fixation in writing was one of public performance, more often than not the reception of Homer’s narrative by the audience is addressed in scholarly literature in terms of the experience of a reader. It seems, however, that no interpretation of Homer’s narrative would be adequate if it neglects the fact that the ancient audience experienced a live performance which resulted in a form of enactive narration resembling the visual juxtaposition of scenes in modern cinema.
Formular Mutation and the Oral Character of the Cyclic Thebaid
Authors: Wood Connor Purcell
Published: April 2023

The disparate and fragmentary states of Cyclic poems make quantitative studies of their features impossible. However, qualitative methods exist for comparing the mobility of their formular language to that of known oral-derived epic. The common noun-epithet formulaic expressions in surviving fragments of the Cyclic Thebaid, when they do not appear verbatim in Homeric poetry, only vary along lines well-established in early epic tradition, not in other ways. This suggests a position for the Thebaid within the development of epic relatively close to that of the Homeric poems and not from a later stage either of literacy or of self-consciously archaizing orality.
Why War? From the Pleistocene to the Present: an Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Ferguson R. Brian
Published: April 2023

Editorial and opinion pieces speculate (or proclaim) about the foundations of war, the curse of humanity. Here is another perspective, backed by forty years of anthropological research, on origins, causes, variations, and meanings of war, and their contemporary implications.
Hieracium moravense (Asteraceae), a new hawkweed from Albania
Authors: GOTTSCHLICH GÜNTER , SELVI FEDERICO
Published: April 2023

Hieracium moravense, a new hawkweed from the ultramafic soils of the region of Korcë in Albania, is described and illustrated.
Fannia pretiosa-group (Diptera: Fanniidae) from Mexico: six new species from the Mexico Transition Zone and an identification key
Authors: GOMES LUCAS R. P. , PEDRAZA-LARA CARLOS
Published: April 2023

Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy is found in all biogeographic regions. The genus contains approximately 360 known species, 18 of which have been recorded from Mexico. Herein, we describe six new species in the Fannia pretiosa-group, redescribe Fannia gilvitarsis Chillcott, and provide diagnosis, habitus images, drawings of the male terminalia, and an identification key for all species of the group that occur in Mexico. All Fannia pretiosa-group species from Mexico share a similar morphology of the mid tibia, hind femur, and male terminalia.