bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrector LSTM: built-in training data correction for improved time-series forecasting
Authors: Baghoussi Yassine , Soares Carlos , Mendes-Moreira João
Published: May 2024

Traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are essential for processing time-series data. However, they function as read-only models, lacking the ability to directly modify the data they learn from. In this study, we introduce the corrector long short-term memory (cLSTM), a Read & Write LSTM architecture that not only learns from the data but also dynamically adjusts it when necessary. The cLSTM model leverages two key components: (a) predicting LSTM’s cell states using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and (b) refining the training data based on discrepancies between actual and forecasted cell states. Our empirical validation demonstrates that cLSTM surpasses read-only LSTM models in forecasting accuracy across the Numenta Anomaly Benchmark (NAB) and M4 Competition datasets. Additionally, cLSTM exhibits superior performance in anomaly detection compared to hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) models.
Design and fabrication of a novel microswitch made in LTCC-PDMS technology applicable to micro total analysis systems
Authors: dos Santos Rosa Reinaldo Lucas , Barroca Pierre Andre , Seabra Antonio Carlos
Published: May 2024

The physical design and implementation of an LTCC on–off microswitch device is demonstrated. One model was used to describe microchannel fluidic behavior, especially those with rectangular cross-section, routinely used in microfluidic devices. Another model to describe PDMS microbridge deformation was applied, allowing for estimating the elastic stiffness of several manufactured membranes. From this approach, microswitch design was conducted regarding the simulation results associated with both models, aiming at miniaturization. Applying LTCC-PDMS fabrication methodology, the fluidic devices were manufactured as established by theoretical design and an experimental setup was proposed in order to evaluate system performance. Experimental investigations indicate that a weight of 120 g was necessary to reduce the water flow rate of the normally open LTCC-PDMS microswitch from 0.42 mL/min to 50 μL/min when submitted to a controllable pressure-driven system. The leakage observed when testing the fabricated microswitches regards the rough way in which the PDMS membrane was attached to the LTCC body. However, experimental results suggest that the novel microswitch can operate satisfactorily regarding micro total analysis applications.
Evaluation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCS) exosome implantation and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on critical long bone defects in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Hilmy Fahresa , Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Reksodiputro Mirta Hediyati , Antarianto Radiana Dhewayani , Al Mashur Muslich Idris , Adhimulia Kevin Jonathan
Published: May 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (ASCs exosome) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in treating critical long bone defects in Sprague-Dawley rats. Critical long bone defects, defined as exceeding 2 cm or 50% of the bone diameter, often pose a healing challenge. While autologous bone grafts have been considered, they have shown unreliable results and donor-site complications, necessitating alternative treatments.

Methods

The research followed a quasi-experimental post-test only control group design involving 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into five groups and subjected to femur bone defect creation, internally fixed with a 1.4 mm K-wire, and treated with various combinations of hydroxyapatite (HA), bone graft (BG), ASCs exosome, and PRF. Histomorphometry and BMP-2 gene expression analysis were performed to evaluate bone healing.

Results and Discussion

The results indicated that the group treated with HA + BG + ASCs exosome (group IV) exhibited the highest BMP-2 gene expression, while group III (HA + BG + ASCs exosome + PRF) had the highest chordin level. Overall, groups receiving ASCs exosome or PRF intervention showed elevated BMP-2 expression compared to the control group. The use of ASCs exosome and PRF showed comparable outcomes compared to bone graft administration in terms of histomorphometry analysis.

Conclusion

The administration of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells and PRF has a comparable outcome with the use of bone graft in terms of osseus area and expression of BMP-2 in critical bone defect.
Hypothermic circulatory arrest at 20 ℃ does not deteriorate coagulopathy compared to 28 ℃ in a pig model
Authors: Ise Hayato , Oyama Kyohei , Ushioda Ryohei , Hirofuji Aina , Kamada Keisuke , Yoshida Yuri , Akhyari Payam , Kamiya Hiroyuki
Published: May 2024

It is believed that a lower temperature setting of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) in thoracic aortic surgery causes coagulopathy, resulting in excessive bleeding. However, experimental studies that eliminate clinical factors are lacking. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the temperature setting of HCA on coagulation in a pig model. Ten pigs were divided into the following two groups: moderate temperature at 28 °C (group M, n = 5) or lower temperature at 20 °C (group L, n = 5). Two hours of HCA during a total of 4 h of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were performed. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of the surgery, and coagulation capability was analyzed through standard laboratory tests (SLTs) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). In SLTs, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, platelet count, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were analyzed. In ROTEM analyses, clotting time and clot formation time of EXTEM, maximum clot firmness (MCF), and maximum clot elasticity (MCE) of EXTEM and FIBTEM were analyzed. Fibrinogen decreased significantly in both groups (group M, p = 0.008; group L, p = 0.0175) at T2, and FIBTEM MCF and MCE also decreased at T2. There were no differences regarding changes in parameters of SLTs and ROTEM between groups. CPB decreases coagulation capacity, contributed by fibrinogen. However, a lower temperature setting of HCA at 20 °C for 2 h did not significantly affect coagulopathy compared to that of HCA at 28 °C after re-warming to 37 °C.
A systematic exploration of scoping and mapping literature reviews
Authors: Christou Eirini , Parmaxi Antigoni , Zaphiris Panayiotis
Published: May 2024

Systematic literature mapping can help researchers identify gaps in the research and provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence. Despite the importance and benefits of conducting systematic scoping and mapping reviews, many researchers may not be familiar with the methods and best practices for conducting these types of reviews. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a step-by-step guide to conducting a systematic scoping or mapping review, drawing on examples from different fields. This study adopts a systematic literature review approach aiming to identify and present the steps of conducting scoping and mapping literature reviews and serves as a guide on conducting scoping or mapping systematic literature reviews. A number of 90 studies were included in this study. The findings describe the steps to follow when conducting scoping and mapping reviews and suggest the integration of the card sorting method as part of the process. The proposed steps for undertaking scoping and mapping reviews presented in this manuscript, highlight the importance of following a rigorous approach for conducting scoping or mapping reviews.
The prognostic impact of peripheral blood eosinophil counts in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab
Authors: Yoshimura Akihiro , Nagahara Akira , Ishizuya Yu , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Nakai Yasutomo , Nakayama Masashi , Nishimura Kazuo , Nonomura Norio , Kato Taigo
Published: May 2024

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have gained approval for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), the response rate is still limited. Therefore, it is urgent to explore novel markers of responses to ICIs that can help assess clinical benefits. Recently, it has been noted that peripheral blood eosinophil counts are an independent factor correlated with clinical outcome of ICIs in some types of cancer. We investigated peripheral blood absolute eosinophil counts (AECs) at baseline and 4 weeks after the initiation of nivolumab for mRCC patients between February 2016 and May 2022. In addition, we examined clinicopathological features including irAEs and analyzed the correlation between AECs and clinical efficacy of nivolumab. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for all patients were 5.7 and 25.5 months, respectively. The median AECs in patients with irAEs were significantly higher at baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment compared to those without irAEs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001). With the cutoff value of AECs of 329 cells/µL at 4 weeks after the treatment for prediction of irAEs, high-AECs groups had significantly higher number of responders compared with that in low-AECs group (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the PFS and OS were significantly better in patients with high-AECs group than those in low-AECs group (p = 0.03 and p = 0.009). High-AECs at 4 weeks after the treatment serve as the prominent surrogate marker associated with the incidence of irAEs and better clinical outcome in mRCC patients receiving nivolumab.
How sustainable finance creates impact: transmission mechanisms to the real economy
Authors: Caldecott Ben , Clark Alex , Harnett Elizabeth , Liu Felicia
Published: May 2024

When and how does sustainable finance tangibly contribute to creating a better world? In this paper, we outline mechanisms through which impact on sustainability outcomes is transmitted from financial systems to the real economy. We argue that, to have a positive impact on sustainability outcomes, financial institutions must make a clear contribution to: (1) reducing (increasing) the cost of capital for firms’ (un)sustainable activities; (2) increasing (reducing) their access to liquidity; and (3) encouraging or enabling sustainable corporate practices. We assess the potential for impact in each category across several asset classes. We analyse how financial institutions can integrate the development of “impact budgets” into strategic asset allocation. Finally, we consider ways in which future research could consider the implications for impact-oriented portfolio construction in more detail and develop empirical methods for further testing and quantifying the impact of the different transmission mechanisms we discuss.
Principle of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
Authors: Mine Yoshitaka , Takada Etsuo , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Moriyasu Fuminori
Published: May 2024

Sonazoid, an ultrasound contrast agent, has been covered by insurance in Japan since January 2007 for the diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions and is widely used for diagnosing not only primary liver cancer but also liver metastases such as those from breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for breast mass lesions has been covered by insurance since August 2012 after phase II and phase III clinical trials showed that the diagnostic performance was significantly superior to that of B-mode and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. This paper describes the principles of imaging techniques in contrast-enhanced ultrasonography including the filter, pulse inversion, amplitude modulation, and amplitude-modulated pulse inversion methods. The pulse inversion method, which visualizes the second-harmonic component using the nonlinear scattering characteristics of the contrast agent, is widely used regardless of the contrast agent and target organ because of its high resolution. Sonazoid has a stiffer shell and requires a higher acoustic amplitude than Sonovue to generate nonlinear vibrations. The higher transmitted sound pressure generates more tissue harmonic components. Since pulse inversion allows visualization of the tissue harmonic components, amplitude modulation and amplitude-modulated pulse inversion, which include few tissue harmonic components, are primarily used. Amplitude modulation methods detect nonlinear signals from the contrast agent in the fundamental band. The mechanism of the amplitude modulation is considered to be changes in the echo signal’s phase depending on the sound pressure. Since the tissue-derived component is minor in amplitude modulation methods, good contrast sensitivity can be obtained.
Pathomic model based on histopathological features and machine learning to predict IDO1 status and its association with breast cancer prognosis
Authors: Zhuo Xiaohua , Deng Hailong , Qiu Mingzhu , Qiu Xiaoming
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To establish a pathomic model using histopathological image features for predicting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) status and its relationship with overall survival (OS) in breast cancer.

Methods

A pathomic model was constructed using machine learning and histopathological images obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database to predict IDO1 expression. The model performance was evaluated based on the area under the curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Prediction scores (PSes) were generated from the model and applied to divide the patients into two groups. Survival outcomes, gene set enrichment, immune microenvironment, and tumor mutations were assessed between the two groups.

Results

Survival analysis followed by multivariate correction revealed that high IDO1 is a protective factor for OS. Further, the model was calibrated, and it exhibited good discrimination. Additionally, the DCA showed that the proposed model provided a good clinical net benefit. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a positive correlation between high PS and improved OS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that PS is an independent protective factor for OS. Moreover, differentially expressed genes were enriched in various essential biological processes, including extracellular matrix receptor interaction, angiogenesis, transforming growth factor β signaling, epithelial mesenchymal transition, cell junction, tryptophan metabolism, and heme metabolic processes. PS was positively correlated with M1 macrophages, CD8 + T cells, T follicular helper cells, and tumor mutational burden.

Conclusion

These results indicate the potential ability of the proposed pathomic model to predict IDO1 status and the OS of breast cancer patients.
The Adaptation of a Postpartum Depression Prevention Evidence-Based Intervention in Family Homeless Shelters
Authors: Kerker Bonnie D. , Milian Jacqueline , Clark Melissa R. , Weiss Dara , Lewis Kristen , Willheim Erica
Published: May 2024

Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are considered the gold standard but it is unclear if they are effective across settings. Reach Out and Stay Strong, Essentials for new Mothers (ROSE) has been shown to prevent postpartum depression in clinical settings, but has not been implemented or tested in homeless populations. We used the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment (EPIS) model overlaid with the Dynamic Adaptation Process (DAP) to adapt ROSE for implementation in a homeless shelter system in a large U.S. city, using feedback from both the organization and community. The adapted intervention was called Strong in Shelter (SIS). In this paper, we present 4 DAPS (April, 2018- December, 2020); the EPIS stages within each DAP are described. The Exploration Stage is centered around early and ongoing engagement with shelter providers and residents. The Preparation Stage includes adaptations based on learnings from the Exploration and the Implementation Stages from previous DAPs. The Implementation Stage highlights what we learned from implementation and both quantitative and qualitative feedback from shelter staff and residents. Following the DAP cycles, we created scalable plans in the Sustainment Stage. Thematic analysis was used to identify, analyze and report patterns within qualitative data, and descriptive analyses were conducted with quantitative data. Participant engagement and satisfaction were high and facilitators reported implementing SIS with fidelity to ROSE’s core components. By engaging staff and the participants early and continually, and utilizing an iterative and flexible adaptation process, EBIs such as ROSE can be adapted and implemented with fidelity in new settings.
Uncertainty Quantification for Scale-Space Blob Detection
Authors: Parzer Fabian , Kirisits Clemens , Scherzer Otmar
Published: May 2024

We consider the problem of blob detection for uncertain images, such as images that have to be inferred from noisy measurements. Extending recent work motivated by astronomical applications, we propose an approach that represents the uncertainty in the position and size of a blob by a region in a three-dimensional scale space. Motivated by classic tube methods such as the taut-string algorithm, these regions are obtained from level sets of the minimizer of a total variation functional within a high-dimensional tube. The resulting non-smooth optimization problem is challenging to solve, and we compare various numerical approaches for its solution and relate them to the literature on constrained total variation denoising. Finally, the proposed methodology is illustrated on numerical experiments for deconvolution and models related to astrophysics, where it is demonstrated that it allows to represent the uncertainty in the detected blobs in a precise and physically interpretable way.
Establishing the case for a May 2010 low-yield, unannounced nuclear test in North Korea
Authors: De Geer Lars-Erik , Wright Christopher M. , Robertson Lennart
Published: May 2024

New data, analyses and modelling are presented concerning the unprecedented mid-May 2010 series of fission product detections in ground level air on and around the Korean Peninsula. For the first time Ba-140 is revealed at Ussuriysk, for which only La-140 had been reported. Thus aerosol particles containing the same parent-daughter pair Ba-140/La-140 were detected at both Ussuriysk and Okinawa, establishing beyond reasonable doubt that their physical, spatial and temporal origins are the same. Together with Ce-141 and Cs-137, all with short-lived xenon isotope parents, a supercritical fission excursion, which experienced a near prompt filtered vent, is the only viable scenario for their explanation. New modelling suggests that the vent occurred around 9 s after the excursion and that the CTBT-relevant xenon isotopes Xe-133 and Xe-135 were ‘quenched’ around 25 min later and released some 10–20 h afterwards. Published corroborating seismic and infrasound data of an event at the North Korean nuclear test site 8 min and 45 s past midnight on 12 May 2010 is subsequently reviewed. These papers adopted a conventional depth of the event although the data suggested a shallower one. Despite arguments in the seismic community about its exact nature, it is prudent to test how well the waveform signals marry the radionuclide detection pattern. Thus the location and time are input into a new atmospheric transport model. The advanced software suite MATCH was used in forward mode with prompt and delayed releases, revealing the presence of plumes at each detection site at the time of their first detection and extending over the observed timeframe. Thus a very consistent picture of a shallow low yield nuclear test is obtained.
From economic wealth to well-being: exploring the importance of happiness economy for sustainable development through systematic literature review
Authors: Agrawal Shruti , Sharma Nidhi , Dhayal Karambir Singh , Esposito Luca
Published: May 2024

The pursuit of happiness has been an essential goal of individuals and countries throughout history. In the past few years, researchers and academicians have developed a huge interest in the notion of a ‘happiness economy’ that aims to prioritize subjective well-being and life satisfaction over traditional economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Over the past few years, many countries have adopted a happiness and well-being-oriented framework to re-design the welfare policies and assess environmental, social, economic, and sustainable progress. Such a policy framework focuses on human and planetary well-being instead of material growth and income. The present study offers a comprehensive summary of the existing studies on the subject, exploring how a happiness economy framework can help achieve sustainable development. For this purpose, a systematic literature review (SLR) summarised 257 research publications from 1995 to 2023. The review yielded five major thematic clusters, namely- (i) Going beyond GDP: Transition towards happiness economy, (ii) Rethinking growth for sustainability and ecological regeneration, (iii) Beyond money and happiness policy, (iv) Health, human capital and wellbeing and (v) Policy push for happiness economy. Furthermore, the study proposes future research directions to help researchers and policymakers build a happiness economy framework.
Extending the PROMIS item bank “ability to participate in social roles and activities”: a psychometric evaluation using IRT
Authors: Williams Guido L. , Flens Gerard , Terwee Caroline B. , de Beurs Edwin , Spinhoven Philip , Paap Muirne C. S.
Published: May 2024

Objective

Our objective was to explore whether the extension of the PROMIS item bank Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities (APSRA) with new items would result in more effective targeting (i.e., selecting items that are appropriate for each individual's trait level), and more reliable measurements across all latent trait levels.

Methods

A sample of 1,022 Dutch adults completed all 35 items of the original item bank plus 17 new items (in Dutch). The new items presented in this publication have been translated provisionally from Dutch into English for presentation purposes. We evaluated the basic IRT assumptions unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity. Furthermore, we examined the item parameters, and assessed differential item functioning (DIF) for sex, education, region, age, and ethnicity. In addition, we compared the test information functions, item parameters, and θ scores, for the original and extended item bank in order to assess whether the measurement range had improved.

Results

We found that the extended item bank was compatible with the basic IRT assumptions and showed good reliability. Moreover, the extended item bank improved the measurement in the lower trait range, which is important for reliably assessing functioning in clinical populations (i.e., persons reporting lower levels of participation).

Conclusion

We extended the PROMIS-APSRA item bank and improved its psychometric quality. Our study contributes to PROMIS measurement innovation, which allows for the addition of new items to existing item banks, without changing the interpretation of the scores and while maintaining the comparability of the scores with other PROMIS instruments.
Evaluation of techniques for controlling non-native sea lavenders in California coastal salt marshes
Authors: Lieberman Carolyn H. , Schroeter Stephen C. , Hormick Paul , Page Henry M.
Published: May 2024

Two species of non-native sea lavender, Limonium ramosissimum (Poir.) Maire (Algerian sea lavender) and Limonium duriusculum (Girard) Fourr. (European sea lavender) are prolific invaders of California salt marshes. We examined the efficacy of three non-herbicide treatments [tarping, selective removal (hand pulling), and scraping], and one herbicide (Telar®) treatment, in eliminating L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum, as well as treatment impacts to native vegetation within three southern California salt marshes. Our experiments demonstrated that the non-herbicide treatments initially suppressed cover of L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum to near zero but varied over time in their suppression of L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum, and their effects on native species. Depending on the tarping duration, tarping eradicates L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum at least a year post treatment with little to no long-term negative impacts to native vegetation. Selective removal had minimal effect on native species but did not consistently suppress L. duriusulum over time. Scraping eradicates L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum; however, its negative impacts on native species make it an undesirable treatment across large areas. The herbicide treatment was not as effective in suppressing L. ramosissimum, either initially or over time, and it negatively impacted native species. Our findings support the use of tarping as the primary management method to control or eradicate dense infestations of L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum in salt marshes. We suggest that a combination of tarping and selective removal be used to control L. ramosissimum and L. duriusulum in areas of lower infestation.
Shortening and Personalizing Psychodiagnostic Assessments with Decision Tree-Machine Learning Classifiers: An Application Example Based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9
Authors: Colledani Daiana , Robusto Egidio , Anselmi Pasquale
Published: May 2024

The development of psychological assessment tools that accurately and efficiently classify individuals as having or not a specific diagnosis is a major challenge for test developers and mental health professionals. This paper shows how machine learning (ML) provides a valuable framework to improve the accuracy and efficiency of psychodiagnostic classifications. The method is illustrated using an empirical example based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The results show that, compared to traditional scorings of the PHQ-9, that based on decision tree (DT) algorithms is more advantageous in terms of accuracy and efficiency. In addition, the DT-based method facilitates the development of short test forms and improves the diagnostic performance of the test by integrating external information (e.g., demographic variables) into the scoring process. These findings suggest that DT-algorithms and ML applications such as feature selection represent a valuable method for supporting test developers and mental health professionals, and highlight the potential of ML for advancing the field of psychological assessment.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen in der hausärztlichen Versorgung: eine Diskussionsgrundlage zur Förderung informierter Nutzungsentscheidungen
Authors: Posselt Jacqueline , Lander Jonas , Dierks Marie-Luise
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) in die Versorgung zu integrieren und so die (digitale) Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) der Patient*innen zu stärken, sind Ziele der Digitalisierungsstrategie des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit. Bisherige Ergebnisse zeigen jedoch, dass Gesundheitsprofessionen es als herausfordernd empfinden, Patient*innen bei der Suche nach relevanten digitalen Angeboten zu unterstützen. Auf Basis einer Befragungsstudie mit Hausärzt*innen und Patient*innen wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie der DiGA-Einsatz im hausärztlichen Setting gefördert werden kann.

Methode

Mit Hausärzt*innen und mit Patient*innen mit leichten bis mittelgradigen Depressionen wurden 34 halbstrukturierte, leitfadengestützte Interviews geführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die erwarteten Chancen und Risiken einer DiGA-Versorgung unterscheiden sich deutlich: Für Patient*innen ist der Zugang zu Wissen über verfügbare Angebote wichtig, um eine DiGA-Nutzung in Wartezeiten zu erwägen. Hausärzt*innen wiederum sehen in DiGA eine Chance, das erkrankungsbezogene Verständnis zu erhöhen. Patient*innen favorisieren Behandelnde als Anlaufstelle für Informationen über DiGA. Im Rahmen der professionellen (digitalen) GK und der Stärkung der GK der Patient*innen sollten Bedarfe, Bedürfnisse und verfügbaren Versorgungsoptionen folglich in Behandlungsgesprächen stärker thematisiert werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Für eine patientenorientierte Entscheidungsfindung über einen DiGA-Einsatz müssen zunächst das gegenseitige Verständnis von Patient*innen und Verordnenden gefördert und die Erwartungen zum DiGA-Einsatz geklärt werden. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse wurde eine Diskussionsgrundlage zur Förderung von GK in Beratungssituationen entwickelt. Diese könnte in einem nächsten Schritt in der Versorgungspraxis erprobt werden.
Organisationale Gesundheitskompetenz in deutschen Krankenhäusern während der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse einer Querschnittstudie unter Krankenhausleitungen
Authors: Häberle Nicola , Lander Jonas , Dierks Marie-Luise , Bitzer Eva Maria
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Organisationale Gesundheitskompetenz (OGK) beschreibt Bedingungen und Maßnahmen in Einrichtungen der Gesundheitsversorgung, wie z. B. Krankenhäusern, die Patient:innen dabei unterstützen sollen, gute gesundheitsbezogene Entscheidungen zu treffen. In der COVID-19-Pandemie waren auch Krankenhäuser gefordert, ihren Patient:innen den Zugang zu und den Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen und -dienstleistungen zu erleichtern.

Ziel

Zielsetzung des Beitrags ist eine Bestandsaufnahme der OGK-Aktivitäten in deutschen Krankenhäusern während der COVID-19-Pandemie. Fokussiert wird dabei der Vergleich der OGK-Aktivitäten in Krankenhäusern während und außerhalb pandemischer Zeiten.

Methodik

Zwischen November und Dezember 2022 wurde eine Online-Befragung von ärztlichen, pflegerischen und kaufmännischen Krankenhausleitungen durchgeführt. Die OGK wurde anhand des HLHO-10-Fragebogens erhoben, wobei dieser für die COVID-19-Pandemie erfolgreich adaptiert wurde (gute interne Konsistenz: α = 0,89). Die Auswertung erfolgte mit SPSS 28 mittels Varianz- und Korrelationsanalysen. Zudem bestand die Möglichkeit einer Freitextangabe zu OGK-Aktivitäten, welche mithilfe von MAXQDA und einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet wurden.

Ergebnisse

Von 3301 eingeladenen Krankenhausleitungen nahmen 328 an der Befragung teil (Rücklaufquote 10 %). Die Krankenhausleitungen geben an, dass in ihren Häusern während der Pandemie darauf geachtet wurde, dass sich Patient:innen einfach zurechtfinden. Jedoch ist eine aktive Einbindung von Patient:innen bei der Gestaltung und Evaluierung von Gesundheitsinformationen kaum umgesetzt. Zum Zeitpunkt der COVID-19-Pandemie wurden statistisch signifikant mehr Mitarbeitende zum Thema Gesundheitskompetenz geschult (p < 0,001). Aus den Freitexten wird deutlich, dass die Befragten Optimierungsbedarf sehen, dem sie aufgrund mangelnder Ressourcen nur schwer nachkommen können.

Schlussfolgerung

Den Krankenhausleitungen ist bewusst, dass nicht alle Teilaspekte der OGK gleichmäßig gut umgesetzt sind. Es ist entscheidend, GK kontinuierlich in das organisatorische Handeln zu integrieren und dem Thema Priorität einzuräumen.
Robot-assisted versus traditional surgery in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Jiaxiao , Shen Jiaxin , Zhang Chaochao , Guo Wei , Wang Fangfang
Published: May 2024

Intramedullary nail fixation of intertrochanteric fractures assisted by orthopedic surgical robot navigation is a new surgical method, but there are few studies comparing its efficacy with traditional intramedullary nail fixation. We aimed to assess whether robot-assisted internal fixation confers certain surgical advantages through a literature review. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan fang Data Knowledge service Platform were searched to collect randomized and non-randomized studies on patients with calcaneal fractures. Five studies were identified to compare the clinical indexes. For the clinical indexes, the technology of robot-assisted is generally feasible, in time to operation, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, blood loss, pine insertion, tip apex distance (TAD), and Harris score (P < 0.05). However, on the complication and excellent and good rate after operation did not show good efficacy compared with the traditional group (P > 0.05). Based on the current evidence, For the short-term clinical index, the advantages of robot-assisted are clear. The long-term clinical effects of the two methods are also good, but the robot-assisted shows better. However, the quality of some studies is low, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed for further verification.
On some results related to the Karlsson–Nussbaum conjecture in geodesic spaces
Authors: Huczek Aleksandra
Published: May 2024

We show a Wolff–Denjoy type theorem in the case of a one-parameter continuous semigroup of nonexpansive mappings in which there is a compact mapping. Using the notion of attractor, we are also able to prove some specific properties directly related to the Karlsson–Nussbaum conjecture.
Beyond Vertigo: Vestibular, Aural, and Perceptual Symptoms in Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Ceriani Claire E. J.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To review the vestibular, aural, and perceptual symptoms of vestibular migraine (VM) that may present alongside vertigo.

Recent Findings

Increased research attention to the wide spectrum of symptoms presenting in VM patients has improved understanding of this disorder, with recent identification of five different VM phenotypes. Research into the clinical overlap between VM and other chronic vestibular syndromes such as persistent postural-perceptual dizziness and mal-de-debarquement syndrome reveals a range of vestibular symptoms and hints at pathophysiological connections between migraine and vestibular dysfunction. Studies of migraine treatment for hearing loss suggest patients presenting with aural symptoms may have an underlying diagnosis of migraine and deserve a trial of migraine preventives. Research into the neurologic basis of the perceptual disorder Alice in Wonderland syndrome has revealed brain areas that are likely involved and may help explain its prevalence in VM patients.

VM is a sensory processing disorder that presents with more than just vertigo. Understanding the range of potential symptoms improves diagnosis and treatment for migraine patients whose diagnosis may be missed when only the symptoms identified in the diagnostic criteria are considered.
Protective Effects of Polysaccharides on Antifungal Activity of Bread Waste-derived Bioactive Peptides During Freeze Drying
Authors: Santangelo Daniele , Halahlah Abedalghani , Adesanya Idowu Onyinye , Mikkonen Kirsi S. , Coda Rossana , Ho Thao Minh
Published: May 2024

Bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from agri-food side-streams display great potential as functional ingredients and nutraceuticals. However, BPs can be susceptible to environmental stressors and food processing conditions and typically exist as an aqueous mixture of various peptides, making their storage and use in foods very challenging. Microencapsulation offers a solution, utilizing suitable wall materials to create a protective matrix and transform them into powders for improved stability and application versatility. Here, we investigated the possibility of creating freeze-dried microencapsulated BP powders from bread waste using maltodextrin as the wall material to maintain their antifungal properties against Penicillum albocoremium, Eurotium herbariorum and Penicillium roqueforti fungi. The results were compared to those obtained from galactoglucomannans (GGM) and glucuronoxylans (GX) sourced from forest industry side-streams, aiming to explore their potential suitability as innovative materials for microencapsulating BPs. Maltodextrin microcapsules exhibited the highest inhibition rate on the tested fungi (10 − 44%), followed by GX (26 − 39%) and then GGM (9 − 14%) counterparts. Interactions between wall materials and BPs, as illustrated by FTIR analyses, were found to be the cause of variations in antifungal activities among BP microcapsules. The use of wall materials, especially wood hemicelluloses, facilitated freeze drying of BPs. However, their application in food products is restricted by the decline in the BP bioactivity resulting from the freeze drying process. For this reason, additional research on alternative drying methods is needed. The results of this study are expected to open new ways of production of stable functional ingredients from side-streams of the forest and food industries.
HIV/AIDS, Disability, and Viral Masculinities
Authors: Bollas Angelos
Published: May 2024

This article explores the relationship between HIV/AIDS, disability, and masculinity, critically analysing how these elements intersect and influence societal norms and individual identities. It begins by examining the categorisation of HIV/AIDS as a disability, questioning the adequacy of traditional disability frameworks in capturing the complex realities of living with HIV/AIDS. The discussion extends to the implications of such categorisation, considering both the medical and social models of disability, and how these models interact with legal protections and social stigmas. The article also discusses how HIV/AIDS as disability impacts conceptions of masculinity, with a specific focus on how practices like bugchasing subvert traditional notions of health, risk, and masculinity, examining cultural constructions of masculinity in relation to HIV/AIDS and highlighting how societal expectations and popular culture representations often perpetuate certain masculine ideals while marginalising others. By examining these intersections, the article challenges established health paradigms and societal norms around disability, HIV/AIDS, and masculinity. Ultimately, it aims to broaden the dialogue around health, disability, and gender, advocating for policies that reflect the nuanced realities of people living with HIV/AIDS and encouraging a reassessment of entrenched perceptions.
Mathematical Model-Based Optimization of Continuous Flow Photobioreactor Operating at Steady State Using MATLAB Optimization Function
Authors: Abu-Reesh Ibrahim M.
Published: May 2024

Microalgae have received great attention recently due to its potential for sustainable CO2 emission reduction and production of biofuel. These applications are highly dependent on microalgae biomass productivity of photobioreactor (PBR). The objective of this work is to optimize continuous flow PBR at steady state using a mathematical model describes growth of the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris. The operating conditions that affect the performance of PBR are determined as pH, CO2 percentage in the gas feed, light intensity, and dilution rate. The MATLAB optimization function (fmincon) is used to find the best design and operating variables in the tested region. The maximum biomass productivity is achieved at the upper-bound of the range for pH, CO2 percentage in the gas feed, and light intensity, while for dilution rate, there exists an optimum value that guarantees maximum productivity. The maximum biomass productivity and specific growth rate were estimated as 4.03 and 0.196 billion cells/L h, respectively. This is achieved at optimum dilution rates of 0.049 and 1.0 h−1, respectively. The fmincon optimization results agree well with the literature that used different optimization methods. The model-based optimization predicts the best performance of PBR without conducting experiments. Sensitivity analysis of model constants on biomass concentration showed that mass transfer coefficient KLa has the highest sensitivity followed by µmax, KCL, and KE which has the lowest sensitivity for biomass production. The obtained results are of technological significance for processes such as CO2-fixation and biofuel production. Research effort is needed to exploit optimization results in large-scale cultivation.
The history of science through the prism of race
Authors: Burton Elise K. , Ghoshal Sayori
Published: May 2024

One methodological approach to grasping a ‘big-picture’ history of modern science involves tracing the complex entanglements between scientific knowledge and the development of racism and racialized economic systems. Indeed, no historical account of any scientific field can be complete without acknowledging the role of race as an intellectual, social or economic factor. We substantiate this argument through a synthetic review of three overlapping threads in the historiography of science. First, historical research on ‘race science’ has analysed the formation of disciplines directly involved in constructing scientific concepts of race, including medicine, anthropology, linguistics, phrenology, psychology, archaeology and genetics. Second, historians have demonstrated that connections between race and science are not limited to the domain of race science. Rather, European imperial expansion, colonialism and capitalism created the foundational infrastructures undergirding the emergence of modern professional science. Finally, new research shows how race remains covertly embedded in theoretical frameworks, statistical formulae and technological devices still used by scientists today. Through these examples, we perceive a big-picture history of science in which its co-constitution with race links localized case studies and imperial narratives across space and time.
Health equity engineering: Optimizing hope for a new generation of healthcare
Authors: Enders Felicity T. , Golembiewski Elizabeth H. , Balls-Berry Joyce E. , Brooks Tayla R. , Carr Allison R. , Cullen John P. , DiazGranados Deborah , Gaba Ayorkor , Johnson Leigh , Menser Terri , Messinger Shari , Milam Adam J. , Orellana Minerva A. , Perkins Susan M. , Pineda Tiffany D. Chisholm , Thurston Sally W. , Periyakoil Vyjeyanthi S. , Hanlon Alexandra L.
Published: May 2024

Medical researchers are increasingly prioritizing the inclusion of underserved communities in clinical studies. However, mere inclusion is not enough. People from underserved communities frequently experience chronic stress that may lead to accelerated biological aging and early morbidity and mortality. It is our hope and intent that the medical community come together to engineer improved health outcomes for vulnerable populations. Here, we introduce Health Equity Engineering (HEE), a comprehensive scientific framework to guide research on the development of tools to identify individuals at risk of poor health outcomes due to chronic stress, the integration of these tools within existing healthcare system infrastructures, and a robust assessment of their effectiveness and sustainability. HEE is anchored in the premise that strategic intervention at the individual level, tailored to the needs of the most at-risk people, can pave the way for achieving equitable health standards at a broader population level. HEE provides a scientific framework guiding health equity research to equip the medical community with a robust set of tools to enhance health equity for current and future generations.
High-efficiency, high-resolution multiple monochromatic imaging based on a multilayer mirror array for laser–plasma diagnostics of X-ray continuum emission
Authors: Li Tongzhou , Du Huiyao , Zhang Zhong , Zhang Zhe , Huang Qiushi , Yi Shengzhen , Wang Zhanshan , Wang Wei , Sun Jinren
Published: May 2024

The measurement of X-ray continuous emission from laser-driven plasma was achieved through multiple monochromatic imaging utilizing a multilayer mirror array. This methodology was exemplified by the development of an eight-channel X-ray imaging system, capable of operating in the energy range of several keV with a spatial resolution of approximately 3 μm. By integrating this system with a streak camera, the temperature and trajectory of imploding capsules were successfully measured at the kJ-class Shenguang III prototype laser facility. This approach provides a synchronous diagnostic method for the spatial, temporal and spectral analysis of laser-driven plasma, characterized by its high efficiency and resolution.
Implementing nasal povidone-iodine decolonization to reduce infections in hemodialysis units: a qualitative assessment
Authors: Dukes Kimberly C. , Hockett Sherlock Stacey , Racila AM , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Jacob Jesse , Vijayan Anitha , Kellogg Joseph , Pegues David , Tolomeo Pam C. , Cobb Jason , Fraer Mony , Bleasdale Susan C. , Ward Melissa A. , Lindsey Brenna , Schweizer Marin L.
Published: May 2024

Background:

A substantial proportion of patients undergoing hemodialysis carry Staphylococcus aureus in their noses, and carriers are at increased risk of S. aureus bloodstream infections. Our pragmatic clinical trial implemented nasal povidone-iodine (PVI) decolonization for the prevention of bloodstream infections in the novel setting of hemodialysis units.

Objective:

We aimed to identify pragmatic strategies for implementing PVI decolonization among patients in outpatient hemodialysis units.

Design:

Qualitative descriptive study.

Setting:

Outpatient hemodialysis units affiliated with five US academic medical centers. Units varied in size, patient demographics, and geographic location.

Interviewees:

Sixty-six interviewees including nurses, hemodialysis technicians, research coordinators, and other personnel.

Methods:

We conducted interviews with personnel affiliated with all five academic medical centers and conducted thematic analysis of transcripts.

Results:

Hemodialysis units had varied success with patient recruitment, but interviewees reported that patients and healthcare personnel (HCP) found PVI decolonization acceptable and feasible. Leadership support, HCP engagement, and tailored patient-focused tools or strategies facilitated patient engagement and PVI implementation. Interviewees reported both patients and HCP sometimes underestimated patients’ infection risks and experienced infection-prevention fatigue. Other HCP barriers included limited staffing and poor staff engagement. Patient barriers included high health burdens, language barriers, memory issues, and lack of social support.

Conclusion:

Our qualitative study suggests that PVI decolonization would be acceptable to patients and clinical personnel, and implementation is feasible for outpatient hemodialysis units. Hemodialysis units could facilitate implementation by engaging unit leaders, patients and personnel, and developing education for patients about their infection risk.
Quiet environments and the intentional practice of silence: Toward a new perspective in the analysis of silence in organizations
Authors: Asselineau Alexandre , Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel
Published: May 2024

While nonspeech communication and “metaphorical” silence (in opposition to voice) have benefited from a considerable academic attention, less is known about quiet environments and the intentional practice of silence. We theorize these silences as potential catalysts of internal and collective reflection. Such silences can strongly impact individual and organizational processes and outcomes, notably in the workplace. The meaning, valence, and effects of these silences are highly context- and perspective-dependent. By characterizing and studying these silences and their effects, we show how they are functional or dysfunctional to individuals or organizations. These silences can notably serve as emotion regulators and generate an environment favorable to individual and collective decision making. Examining what is lost by individuals and organizations due to a lack of these silence and what can be gained with a better harnessing of their power is promising.