bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic‐associated neutropenia is marked by the depletion of intestinal Lachnospiraceae and associated metabolites in pediatric patients
Authors: Fernandez‐Sanchez Josaura , Rodgers Rachel , Maknojia Arushana A. , Shaikh Nusrat , Yan Hannah , Mejia Marlyd E. , Hendricks Hope , Jenq Robert R. , Reddy Pavan , Banerjee Ritu , Schraw Jeremy M. , Baldridge Megan T. , King Katherine Y.
Published: November 2024

Prolonged antibiotic exposure causes dangerous hematologic side effects, including neutropenia, in up to 34% of patients. Murine studies established a link between the intestinal microbiota and hematopoiesis. To identify factors that predispose to neutropenia in pediatric patients, we evaluated changes in microbiota‐derived metabolites and intestinal microbiota composition after prolonged courses of antibiotics. In this multi‐center study, patients with infections requiring anticipated antibiotic treatment of two or more weeks were enrolled. Stool samples were obtained at the start and completion of antibiotics or at neutropenia onset (prospective arm). Some patients were enrolled in a retrospective arm in which a stool sample was collected at the time of neutropenia during antibiotic therapy and 2–4 weeks after completion of antibiotics with recovery of blood counts. We identified 10 patients who developed neutropenia on antibiotics and 29 controls matched for age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Clinical data demonstrated no association between neutropenia and the type of infection or antibiotic used; however, patients with neutropenia were admitted to the intensive care unit more often and received longer courses of antibiotics. Reduced intestinal microbiome richness and, specifically, decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae family members correlated with neutropenia. Untargeted stool metabolomic profiling revealed several metabolites that were depleted exclusively in patients with neutropenia, including members of the urea cycle pathway, pyrimidine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism that are known to be produced by Lachnospiraceae. Our study shows a relationship between intestinal microbiota disruption and abnormal hematopoiesis and identifies taxa and metabolites likely to contribute to microbiota‐sustained hematopoiesis.
Soluble adhesion molecules in serum and peritoneal fluid are associated with pelvic pain in endometriosis
Authors: Ahsan Fadhil , Santoso Budi , Rahmawati Nanda Yuli , Alditia Fidyah Nanda , Mufid Alfin Firasy , Sa'adi Ashon , Dwiningsih Sri Ratna , Tunjungseto Arif , Widyanugraha M. Y. Ardianta
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate the association between soluble adhesion molecules (sE‐cadherin, sE‐selectin, sICAM‐1, sVCAM‐1) in serum and peritoneal fluid and pelvic pain in infertile women with endometriosis.

Methods

This observational study included 86 infertile women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy, 43 of whom were diagnosed with endometriosis. Pain intensity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). Levels of soluble adhesion molecules in serum and peritoneal fluid were quantified using ELISA. Statistical analysis included the Mann–Whitney U test for group comparisons, Spearman's rank correlation for associations with VAS scores, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for diagnostic performance.

Results

Serum sE‐selectin levels were significantly higher in women with pelvic pain (P = 0.022) and correlated with VAS scores (r = 0.271, P = 0.012). Peritoneal sE‐selectin and sICAM‐1 levels were elevated in women with pelvic pain (P = 0.044 and P = 0.029, respectively) and showed positive correlations with VAS scores (r = 0.246, P = 0.022 and r = 0.310, P = 0.004, respectively). Comparing endometriosis and control groups, peritoneal sE‐selectin and sICAM‐1 levels were significantly higher in endometriosis cases with pelvic pain (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively). ROC analysis revealed the potential diagnostic value of serum sE‐selectin (AUC = 0.698, P = 0.002), serum sICAM‐1 (AUC = 0.721, P < 0.001), and serum sVCAM‐1 (AUC = 0.750, P < 0.001) in distinguishing endometriosis from non‐endometriosis cases.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of sE‐selectin and sICAM‐1 in serum and peritoneal fluid are associated with pelvic pain in women with endometriosis, suggesting their role in pain pathogenesis and potential as biomarkers for pain severity and disease diagnosis. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and validate these findings in larger cohorts.
Performance Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Channel Amid Jamming by Random Jammers
Authors: Aman Waqas , Al‐Kuwari Saif , Qaraqe Marwa
Published: November 2024

Underwater communication networks are increasingly popularized by various important maritime applications. However, this also leads to an increased threat landscape. This letter presents the first study that considers jamming attacks by random jammers present in the surroundings of legitimate transceivers in underwater acoustic communication systems. We investigate the impact of jamming attacks on various performance parameters of the legitimate underwater acoustic communication link. In particular, we investigate the legitimate link using stochastic geometry for important performance parameters, namely coverage probability, average rate, and energy efficiency of the link between two legitimate nodes, that is, underwater and surface nodes. We then derive and present tractable expressions for these performance parameters. Finally, we performed a Monte Carlo simulation to validate our analysis. We plot performance metrics against the transmit power, and jamming power for different intensities of the jammers in shallow, mid, and deep‐water scenarios. Results reveal that on average, jamming in deep water has a relatively high impact on the performance of legitimate link than in shallow water.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography Combined With PI‐RADS v2.1 for the Identification of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chen Jie , Chen Yuntian , Chen Guoyong , Deng Liping , Yuan Yuan , Tang Hehan , Zhang Zhen , Chen Tingyu , Zeng Hao , Yuan Enyu , Yin Meng , Chen Jun , Song Bin , Yao Jin
Published: November 2024

Background

Multiparametric MRI may cause overdiagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI‐RADS v2.1).

Objectives

To investigate the diagnostic performance of stiffness as a standalone and complementary marker to PI‐RADS v2.1 for diagnosing csPCa.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

One hundred forty‐seven participants with pathologically confirmed prostate lesions (≥1 cm), including 71 with csPCa.

Field Strength/Sequence

T1‐weighted fast spin‐echo, T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo, single‐shot echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted imaging, fast 3D gradient‐echo T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging, and 3D single‐shot spin‐echo based echo‐planar MR elastography at 3.0 T.

Assessment

The PI‐RADS v2.1 score was assessed by three radiologists independently. Lesion shear stiffness (SS) values at 60 Hz and 90 Hz were measured. A modified PI‐RADS integrating stiffness with PI‐RADS v2.1 was developed. Diagnostic performance for csPCa was compared between stiffness, PI‐RADS v2.1 and the modified PI‐RADS.

Statistical Test

Spearman's correlation, Fleiss κ and intraclass correlation, Pearson correlation, one‐way analysis of variance, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the Delong test. Significance level was P < 0.05.

Results

In the peripheral zone, csPCa (N = 35) had significantly higher SS than non‐csPCa at 60 Hz (3.22 ± 0.66 kPa vs. 2.56 ± 0.56 kPa) and at 90 Hz (5.64 ± 1.30 kPa vs. 4.48 ± 0.84 kPa). PI‐RADS v2.1 showed 100% sensitivity, 58% specificity, and 0.79 AUC for detecting csPCa. SS achieved 97% sensitivity, 52% specificity, and 0.80 AUC at 60 Hz, while SS had 63% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 0.78 AUC at 90 Hz. The modified PI‐RADS, combing SS at 60 Hz with PI‐RADS v2.1, resulted in a significantly increased AUC (0.86) compared to that of PI‐RADS v2.1, with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 75%.

Data Conclusion

Stiffness can help identifying csPCa in the peripheral zone. Combining stiffness with the PI‐RADS v2.1 improved the diagnostic accuracy and specificity for csPCa.

Evidence Level

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Optimizing pH and Light for Enhanced Carotenoid Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties in Sub‐Aerial Cyanobacteria
Authors: Singh Lakshmi , Prusty Dibyani , Behera Maheswari , Perveen Kahkashan , Bukhari Najat A.
Published: November 2024

Carotenoid, natural pigments, synthesized by plants and microbes are now much favored in global markets due to the awareness of their putative health benefits, and a wide array of commercial applications. There is a diversity of natural and synthetic carotenoid, but only a few of them are commercially produced, including carotenes (β‐carotene and lycopene) and xanthophylls (astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and capsanthin). However, for commercial production, plants and algae are more favored than cyanobacteria because of their much less carotenoid synthesis than land plants; although they are well known for producing commercially important carotenoid. But with advances in optimization of their carotenoid production, cyanobacteria can be used as a potential source of carotenoid production in the future allowing us to exploit its various applications. Hence, this study investigated the effects of pH and light conditions on carotenoid production in the sub‐aerial cyanobacterium Desertifilum dzianense ON358232.1. The results revealed that the highest carotenoid synthesis occurred under alkaline conditions (pH 9) and red‐light exposure, significantly increasing compared to the control (pH 7.2, white light). UV‐Vis and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of β‐carotene as the primary carotenoid, demonstrating strong antioxidant potential. The study's findings highlight the optimal environmental parameters for enhancing carotenoid yield, which can be applied for industrial and pharmaceutical uses due to their antioxidant properties.
Prospective Assessment of Safety, Tolerance, and Perceptions of Awake Airway and Esophageal Dilation
Authors: Young VyVy N. , Gillard Danielle M. , Truong Brandon , Lappin James J. , Perrin Claire E. , Stockton Steven D. , Rosen Clark A. , Ma Yue
Published: November 2024

Objective

An increasing number of laryngeal and esophageal procedures are being performed as “awake” procedures (non‐general anesthesia), with some under local anesthesia, including in clinic. While high tolerance and safety profiles have been reported for various laryngeal procedures, few studies directly assess tolerability of awake dilation procedures of the upper esophagus (UE) and laryngotracheal airway (LTA).

Study Design

Prospective, open‐label.

Methods

Prospectively collected patient and physician surveys from a tertiary laryngology center recorded patient tolerance, safety, and perceptions of awake UE and LTA balloon dilation.

Results

Fifty‐six awake procedures were performed on 41 patients, including 46 UE and 20 LTA dilations. All procedures were successfully completed. Overall pain was mild (3.5 ± 2.4/10, ranging 0 = no pain to10 = worst pain) and the dilation itself was reportedly the most painful portion (4.1 ± 2.9/10). Patient satisfaction with the procedure was high (7.0 ± 2.2/10, ranging 0 = worst to 10 = best experience). Most patients would undergo the procedure again (73.6%) and would recommend the procedure to others (89.3%). Patient‐reported tolerance was similar immediately postoperatively and at follow‐up. LTA and UE dilation patients reported similar levels of tolerance.

Conclusions

Awake upper esophageal balloon dilation is a safe, well‐tolerated procedure with high completion and patient satisfaction rates. Similarly, early experience with awake laryngotracheal airway balloon dilation suggests comparable favorability, although careful consideration of patient selection and procedural implementation is strongly recommended to optimize and protect patient safety.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Signaling the Capability of New Counterterrorism Technologies in the Face of a Strategic Threat
Authors: Tokel Yusuf Ihsan , Hunt Kyle , Zhuang Jun
Published: November 2024

When implementing new security technologies (e.g., cargo scanners at ports), security and defense agencies face important decisions regarding the disclosure of related information to the public. Public disclosure of these technologies can grant adversarial organizations access to critical security‐related information, enabling them to potentially develop or adjust their attack strategies to circumvent defense systems. Alternatively, withholding information about newly deployed technologies can create uncertainties for adversaries regarding the effectiveness of defense systems. In this work, we study defensive information disclosure related to the deployment of new security technology, focusing on the level of technical information released by the defender and how this affects the adversary's (i) belief about the technology's capability (in detecting or otherwise thwarting an attack) and (ii) attack plan. Specifically, we introduce a novel signaling model in which the defender has private information about the (level of) capability of her technology, and decides on the level of related technical detail to be disclosed. The attacker, upon receiving the defender's signal, updates his belief about the capability of the technology and subsequently decides whether to launch an attack. We obtain and prove closed‐form equilibrium solutions to the model and conduct numerical sensitivity analyses to understand how the equilibrium strategies change as the model's data varies. Based on the equilibrium conditions, we also characterize and analyze four unique scenarios that partition the solution space based on relations between the defender's signaling costs.
Clinicopathological Analysis of a European Cohort of MYOD1 Mutant Rhabdomyosarcomas in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Chisholm Julia C. , Selfe Joanna L. , Alaggio Rita , Cheesman Edmund , Zin Angelica , Tombolan Lucia , Parafioriti Antonina , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Adams Madeleine , Popov Sergey , Česen Maja , Tafjord Svetlana , Jenney Meriel , Proszek Paula Z. , Schlecht Helene , Di Carlo Daniela , Shipley Janet , Kelsey Anna
Published: November 2024

Background

Patients with PAX3/7‐FOXO1 fusion‐negative rhabdomyosarcomas (fnRMS) harbouring the rare L122R MYOD1 mutation have significantly poorer prognosis than other fnRMS. We undertook a detailed clinicopathological evaluation of a cohort of patients with MYOD1 mutated fnRMS in order to improve risk stratification and treatment options.

Procedure

Histological, mutational and clinical data from a cohort of patients with MYOD1 mutant RMS treated in Europe were analysed.

Results

Thirty‐two cases with mutant MYOD1 RMS were identified from patients enrolled in sequential European rhabdomyosarcoma clinical trials from 1992 to 2022 (n = 22) and non‐trial cohorts (n = 10). Thirty cases had the recurrent L122R missense mutation, one case harboured a K124E mutation and one case had a truncating mutation (S63X). Increased MyoD1 and reduced MYF4 immunostaining were consistent features of MYOD1L122R‐mutated RMS. Applying the risk stratification of the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) RMS2005 trial, among 20 localised RMS cases that could be assigned a risk category, one was Very High Risk, 13 were High Risk and six were Standard Risk. Eight patients had distant metastases at diagnosis. Of the 25 patients with adequate clinical follow‐up data, 15/25 (60%) patients had an event at a median time of 9 months (12/15 included failure of local control) and 13/25 (52%) died of disease.

Conclusion

This MYOD1 mutant cohort demonstrates increased MYOD and reduced MYF4 immunostaining, high risk of local failure and poor survival in agreement with other studies. Increased treatment intensity and improved local control should be considered for these patients.
The meaning of “should”
Authors: Hazzan Michael J. , White Nicholas , White Jarrod
Published: November 2024

When implementing the performance‐based Process Safety Management (PSM) Standard (OSHA 1910.119), industry needs to comply with applicable recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices (RAGAGEP) for their facility. While this may seem like a simple task, determining what is applicable and how it affects the design, construction, inspection/testing, and operations, it can be a significant effort. This paper aims to provide guidance on interpreting the “should” versus “shall” debate, particularly how to deal with “should” provisions, why this matters, and share lessons learned from AcuTech's extensive onsite observations where the impacts of these interpretations are seen in process safety programs.
Machine learning‐based rational design for efficient discovery of allatostatin analogs as promising lead candidates for novel IGRs
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Meng , He Qi , Cui Jia‐Lin , Liu Yan , Wang Mei‐Zi , Lu Xing‐Xing , Pan Shi‐Xiang , Iqbal Chandni , Ye De‐Xing , Sun Wen‐Yu , Zhang Xin‐Yuan , Kai Zhen‐Peng , Zhang Li , Yang Xin‐Ling
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Insect neuropeptide allatostatins (ASTs) play a vital role in regulating insect growth, development, and reproduction, making them potential candidates for new insect growth regulators (IGRs). However, the practical use of natural ASTs in pest management is constrained by their long sequences and high production costs, thus the development of AST analogs with shorter sequences and reduced cost is essential. Traditional methods for designing AST analogs are often time‐consuming and resource‐intensive. This study aims to employ new computational methodologies to understand the structure–activity relationship and efficiently discover potent AST analogs.

RESULTS

Two machine learning models, utilizing multiple linear regression and support vector machine, were constructed to reveal the key structural factors that influence the juvenile hormone‐inhibiting activity of AST analogs. These models suggested that a potent AST analog should contain styrene, hydrophilic, and aromatic groups, and rotatable bonds at positions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Six analogs (A52‐A57) were designed and synthesized, and they exhibited potent juvenile hormone‐inhibiting activity (IC50 < 16 nM). Notably, analog A53 showed the best activity (IC50 = 2.07 nM), surpassing that of most natural Dippu‐ASTs, making it a potential lead candidate for IGRs.

CONCLUSION

These models promote the efficient design, screening, and prioritization of new or untested AST analogs. The study clarifies how a machine learning‐based strategy facilitates the development of AST analogs as novel IGR lead candidates, offering a useful reference for pest management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Xia Lang , Zhang Ruirui , Chen Liping , Li Longlong , Yi Tongchuan , Chen Meixiang
Published: November 2024

The cover image is based on the article Monitoring the leaf damage by the rice leafroller with deep learning and ultra‐light UAV by Lang Xia et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8401.

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Seebeck Coefficient Modulation of Graphene Grown on Faceted Cu Surfaces
Authors: So Hye‐Mi , Kim Kyungshik , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Cho Sanghee
Published: November 2024

The thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline copper (Cu) surfaces partially covered with graphene grown by Joule‐heating chemical vapor deposition using scanning thermoelectric microscopy are investigated. Atomic‐resolution atomic force microscopy topographic images of graphene grown on Cu(100) surfaces showed a 1D stripe pattern of Moiré superlattices, while thermoelectric voltage images clearly distinguish wrinkle defects caused by thermal mismatch between graphene and Cu substrate. Regions of different signs were found in the thermoelectric voltage image of the graphene island, which are attributed to the faceted surface of the Cu substrate. In addition, faceted surfaces consisting of low‐ and high‐index Cu surfaces are formed on the Cu grain to minimize the surface energy. Due to these structural changes, charge transfer and chemical interactions at the interface between the graphene and Cu facets affect the electronic structure of the graphene, which is understood as the observed Seebeck coefficients with different signs in the thermoelectric microscopy measurements, which are sensitive to the local density of states.
Environmental quality in Africa and infrastructure development: The mediating impact of the knowledge economy
Authors: Kouladoum Jean‐Claude Mousseuknadji , Etsiba Sylvaniste , Monglengar Nandingar Serge , Hakizimana Jacques
Published: November 2024

The study investigates the impact of infrastructure development on environmental quality and the mediating impact of the knowledge economy in 48 African economies from 2000 to 2020. The Generalized Method of Moment is adopted to control for error term‐related problems and potential endogeneity through an instrumentation process. The following findings are established: First, Infrastructure development enhances environmental sustainability in Africa, through the reduction of greenhouse gasses. Second, it contributes to reducing CO2 emissions in liquid, solid and gaseous states of fuel consumption. These results hold after considering the infrastructure development indicators of the African Development Bank. Third, the findings further reveal that the transport, energy, water supply, and technology sectors all contribute to enhancing environmental quality. Fourth, taking into account differences in factor endowment, the findings indicate that infrastructure development helps reduce CO2 emissions in both lowly and highly endowed African countries, except for electricity and water supply in the lowly endowed economies, indicating that the development in these sectors needed to be speeded‐up to enhance environmental quality in these countries. Fifth, the findings indicate that the knowledge economy mediates with infrastructure development to promote environmental quality through the reduction CO2 emissions. The findings recommend policymakers promote infrastructure development for environmental efficiency in Africa. This is particularly enhanced through the mediation impact of the knowledge economy.
Atomically Resolved Surface Reconstruction of WO3 (002)
Authors: Cao Jianyu , Xia Jing , Li Xuanze , Li Yuye , Tian Lifeng , Liu Chang , Zhang Zhongshi , Cai Suijiang , Meng Xiangmin
Published: November 2024

The rearrangement of surface atoms in oxide nanocrystals, namely surface reconstruction, plays an important role in improving the physical and chemical properties of metal oxides. However, structural information pertaining to reconstructed surfaces is scarce due to the challenges associated with directly imaging surface and sub‐surface atoms under reconstruction conditions. Herein, the reconstruction of the nanocrystalline tungsten trioxide (002) surface is directly investigated via scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The results reveal that the atoms on the reconstructed WO3 (002) surface are rearranged into a (1 × 2) structure, and the structural model is determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. In addition, after surface reconstruction, the Fermi level shifted toward the conduction band compared to the initial surface, achieving an effect similar to n‐type doping. Surprisingly, analogous atomic rearrangements are also observed in cracks, indicating that sub‐nanometer fractures in tungsten trioxide can be remedied through surface reconstruction, thus proposing an unconventional mechanism for crack healing. Furthermore, DFT calculations are used to analyze the models and electronic properties of the reconstruction structures. These findings provide insights into the surface reconstruction of WO3 (002) and the healing of nanoscale cracks in tungsten trioxide.
Graphite‐Based Bio‐Mimetic Nanopores for Protein Sequencing and Beyond
Authors: Das Chandan K. , Fyta Maria
Published: November 2024

Protein sequencing using nanopores represents the next frontier in bio‐analytics. However, linearizing unfolded proteins and controlling their translocation speed through solid‐state nanopores pose significant challenges in protein sequencing. In order to address these issues, this work proposes a biomimetic graphite‐based nanopore construction. These nanopores feature a nanometer‐sized pore with a constriction zone, mimicking the structure of the α‐hemolysin protein pore. Our all‐atom Molecular Dynamics simulations demonstrate the high practical potential of these nanopores by revealing how their charge state renders them complete ion‐selective and generates an electro‐osmotic flow. This study shows that this nanopore construction can detect peptides at the single amino acid level by analyzing the ionic current traces generated as peptides traverse the nanopore. The novelty of the proposed nanopore lies in its ability to modulate the hydrodynamic drag induced by electro‐osmotic flow, relative to the electro‐phoretic force. This investigation reveals that tuning these forces helps to linearize translocating peptides and extend the residence time of individual amino acids at the constriction zone of the pore. This significantly enhances the detection and sequencing efficiency of the pore. Furthermore, the high relevance of the proposed nanopores is underscored for seawater desalination through electrodialysis and extends to ion separation under salinity gradients.
Caesium‐Iodide‐Assisted Synthesis of High‐Quality, Stable, and Robust Lead‐Free Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Li Shiang , Li Yuhao , Qin Minchao , Xu Luhang , Fu Yuang , Chan Pok Fung , Lu Xinhui
Published: November 2024

The poor morphology, and susceptibility to oxidation of tin‐based perovskite quantum dots (TQDs) have posed significant challenges, limiting their application potential. This study presents a straightforward method for synthesizing high‐quality CsSnI3‐based perovskite quantum dots (TQDs) by incorporating a mixed Cs source of Cs2CO3 and CsI. The addition of CsI increased the I:Sn ratio while maintaining Sn:Cs, resulting in TQDs with smaller size and improved uniformity. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed enhanced crystallinity, photoluminescence intensity, and antioxidation ability of CsI‐TQDs. Remarkably, these TQDs exhibit exceptional stability, enduring over 1 h in air and more than 24 h before complete oxidation, surpassing the previously reported longest lifetime in air for TQDs with conventional oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OAm) ligands. Furthermore, these TQD films retain robustness after ligand exchange with methyl acetate (MeOAc) and formamidinium iodide (FAI), representing the first successful short‐ligand exchange of TQDs and enabling further electronic device applications. These findings suggest that CsI in the Cs source plays a crucial role in facilitating the formation of surface complexes, regulating TQD growth and suppressing iodine vacancies.
Examining English Learners' Opportunity to Learn from High School to Community College: A Qualitative Case Study
Authors: Li Kuang , Kanno Yasuko
Published: November 2024

Students classified as English learners (ELs) in high school are more likely to start their postsecondary education in community colleges (CCs). Many high school EL graduates enter a CC, hoping to make good academic progress and later transfer to a 4‐year college. However, past research has found that such students often struggle in CCs and rarely earn a postsecondary credential or transfer to a 4‐year college. ELs' high school academic preparation and their subsequent college access—or lack thereof—are closely related. Yet, there is little research connecting ELs' academic preparation in high school and their subsequent ongoing trajectories once they are enrolled in CC. Drawing on the concepts of opportunity to learn (OTL) and opportunity sequences, this qualitative case study examines six high school ELs' academic trajectories from high school through CC. Our analysis shows a negative opportunity sequence in which ELs' limited OTL in high school lands them in remedial education at a local CC, which in turn delays their exposure to disciplinary courses in their majors. The students' struggles with their first disciplinary courses subsequently hinder their CC persistence and timely transfer to a 4‐year college, forcing them to reset their postsecondary goals.
Positive Correlation Between Fecal Estrogen and Glucocorticoid Metabolites in a Female Clouded Leopard
Authors: Shipp Laura E. , Boisseau Nicole P. , Kozlowski Corinne P. , Shipp Dustin W. , Franklin Ashley D. , Fazio Jilian M. , Brown Janine L.
Published: November 2024

Clouded leopards are notoriously difficult to manage under human care due to their tendency toward high stress, intersex aggression, and limited reproductive success. This case study investigated the endocrinological interplay between adrenal and ovarian steroids and describes a positive correlation between concentrations of fecal estrogen and glucocorticoid metabolites in a female clouded leopard. The female was monitored through two sampling periods approximately 16 months apart, and each data set yielded similar results using a simple linear regression model. The finding of a significant positive correlation between the two steroids represents a novel finding in felids and a hitherto unidentified potential interplay between adrenal and ovarian steroid activity. It also adds to our collective understanding of the effects of estrus on female clouded leopards, impacting conservation efforts as we encourage reproduction in this vulnerable species.
A Brief Review of Bibliometric Analysis Use in Marketing Studies
Authors: Terán-Yépez Eduardo , Sánchez-Pérez Manuel , Segovia-López Cristina , Marín-Carrillo María Belén
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the adoption and application of bibliometric reviews in marketing literature by conducting a methodological literature review of 140 studies published in the top 47 marketing journals. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis, we explore various aspects of bibliometric review methodology, including sample size selection, database comprehensiveness, methodological complementariness, contributions to theory, and implications for practice. Our findings reveal a growing recognition and utilization of bibliometric techniques in marketing research. However, concerns persist regarding the rigor and potential contributions of bibliometric analysis. We identify key areas for improvement, such as ensuring adequate sample sizes and replicability, enhancing database comprehensiveness, employing theory-driven frameworks, and establishing implications for practice. Moreover, we provide recommendations for marketing scholars to navigate the complexities of bibliometric research effectively and make meaningful contributions to the advancement of marketing scholarship. By adhering to established guidelines and recommendations, marketing researchers can harness the power of bibliometric analysis to extract valuable insights, identify research gaps, and contribute to theoretical advancements in the discipline. This study serves as a call to action for marketing researchers to embrace bibliometric analysis as a potent tool for literature review and knowledge synthesis while also providing guidance for reviewers and editors to ensure the quality and impact of bibliometric reviews in marketing literature.
Sustainability Teaching in Marketing: An Importance-Performance Analysis in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Martínez-Bravo María del Mar , Capobianco-Uriarte María de las Mercedes , Terán-Yépez Eduardo , Matos-Pedro Eugenia Maria Gonçalves , Barbosa-Pereira Carla Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Sustainability teaching has come to the fore as a foundation for addressing the unprecedented challenges that the planet and the society face. However, the effectiveness of higher education institutions (HEI) in their pivotal role in educating and instructing the students who will occupy leadership, management, and marketing positions in the future has been questioned. The objective of this study is to examine the performance of sustainability teaching based on an importance-performance analysis of the perceptions of marketing students in two HEI: the University of Almería and the University of Beira Interior. We analyze whether students differ in which learning approaches they consider important for integrating sustainability into their competencies, whether they consider them effective, and how their opinions differ depending on the HEI they come from. This study contributes to guiding universities in their actions to ensure that graduates are prepared to navigate the complex landscape of sustainability in their upcoming work career.
Game-Based Learning Through the Use of Artwork Images: Influence on the Perception of a Product
Authors: Galindo-Durán Alejandro , Uribe-Toril Juan , Ruiz-Real José Luis
Published: November 2024

This study analyzes the impact on the perception of a product by consumers, in an educational context, through the inclusion of works of art in the product design and applying active methodologies such as game-based learning (GBL). An educational intervention carried out in a secondary school is presented, trying to investigate if the incorporation of artistic elements to a product is perceived in different magnitude in relation to its value, quality, or luxury among students. In addition, an experimental group to which an activity using GBL was previously applied is shown and the results of the different answers given by the different groups of students are compared. The results suggest that the incorporation of artistic elements improves the perception of the value and quality of the product and that those students who were part of the experimental group valued the products even better, with significant differences between the two groups, in addition to enriching their educational experience. This research highlights the importance of integrating art into the educational curriculum as well as the application of active methodologies in the teaching process in order to improve both the educational experience and the learning process.
Why Do We Play Golf? An Exploratory Research
Authors: Mar Martín-García María del , Ruiz-Real Jose Luis , Gazquez-Abad Juan Carlos , Uribe-Toril Juan
Published: November 2024

In recent years, golf tourism, as a form of sports tourism, has experienced significant growth. Knowing the behavior of golf players helps managers of sports facilities establish new marketing strategies and increases opportunities for golf tourism destinations. This article explores the factors that influence the intention to play golf through an exploratory-sequential design. The value attributed to the environment where the sport is played is the variable with the greatest impact on participation. Golfers also perceive golf courses to be responsible in their environmental management, which has a direct impact on their intention to play. Furthermore, a relationship of considerable magnitude is found between experiential consumption and the perception of golf as a healthy sport. When analyzing the influence of the variables as a whole, it can be concluded that in the current post-pandemic era, the golf course experience or the health factor is less important for practicing this sport than the natural surroundings or the environmental factor. This research makes an important breakthrough by finding that golfers’ intentions to participate are influenced by their perception of the environmentally responsible behavior of golf courses and the value they place on the playing environment.

Golf course managers are encouraged to communicate their environmental practices to the rest of society. This marketing strategy can be effective in positioning golf as an environmentally friendly sport, thus changing its image, which can undoubtedly attract new players.
Searching for a New C-PC Development Paradigm
Authors: Czarnecki Lech , Van Gemert Dionys , Wang Ru , Reda Taha Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

In less than a century, concrete has become the most commonly used construction material worldwide. Today, it is difficult to imagine concrete entirely devoid of polymers. The implantation of polymers into concrete has taken effect in the form of Concrete Polymer Composite [C-PC = PMC + PCC + PIC + PC]. Several milestones are recognised in the development of C-PC. They are discussed here with particular emphasis on the innovative milestones that shaped the use of polymers in concrete. As the difference between polymer cement concrete and ordinary concrete diminishes, the question: “What should the paradigm of C-PC development be?” arises.
Eco-cement Cobblestones with Polyurethane Wastes
Authors: Arroyo Raquel , González-Moreno Sara , Alameda Cuenca-Romero Lourdes , Calderón Verónica
Published: November 2024

With the aim of implementing a circular economy in all manufacturing processes, by reducing the use of raw materials, while minimizing the use of natural resources and valuing several industrial wastes, efforts are focused on the development of new techniques that allow the use of wastes in the construction sector, in order to turn them into raw materials for the development of new materials, thus achieving all the processes towards a sustainable environment.

With this purpose, different precast cement cobble has been manufactured using recovered polyurethane waste from complete vehicle roofs generated in the automotive industry, turning them into a raw material. Depending on the amount of waste used, with progressive substitutions of sand of 20%, 40% and 60% of polymer waste, the final properties are achieved according to the application requirements, both in the fresh and hardened state, reaching the values required by current standards.

As well as water properties and microstructure, accelerated aging tests in freeze-thaw cycles and crystallization of salts have been tested, stablishing the compressive strength before and after, guaranteeing the properties in outdoor environments in which these materials can be placed.

The characterization has been completed with tests on the generation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fire resistance and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).

In this way, the development of innovating solutions is achieved, valorizing waste that is generated in significant quantities, being able to be used in prefabricated products to be used in the building sector.
Effect of the Cellulose Ether on Water Loss of the Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement Mortars
Authors: Guo Chuanchuan , Wan Qin , Wang Ru , Chen Bo , Chen Ning
Published: November 2024

Cellulose ether (CE) is widely used in cement-based materials because of its good water retention capacity that can improve the workability of the fresh mortars significantly. However, in the high temperature conditions, the CE modified cement mortars sometimes are easy to lose their good workability, which may be due to the change of the water-retention capacity of CE. This work investigates the changes in the water loss rate (WLR) of the CE modified calcium sulphoaluminate cement (CSAC) mortars at 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃ and 80 ℃ respectively, and the effect of the types and contents of the CE was also considered. Additionally, isothermal calorimeter and 1H low-field NMR were carried out to monitor the changes of chemically bound water and CE adsorbed water content during the reaction. The results show that the WLRs of the CE modified CSAC mortars changes with temperature and the types and contents of the CE. These changes are mainly based on the fact that CE affects the state and relative contents of water molecules in mortar, and the microstructure of the CSAC mortars.
Utilisation of Hydrophobic Agents for Water-Repellent Cement Screeds Intended for External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems
Authors: Hodul Jakub , Mészárosová Lenka , Žižková Nikol
Published: November 2024

The paper discusses the possibilities of hydrophobization of cement screeds intended primarily for external thermal insulation composite systems. The hydrophobic character of the mixtures both with and without the addition of hydrophobic agents was investigated. The following hydrophobic agents were used: zinc and magnesium stearate, sodium oleate, two types of mixed product of stearates and oleates, micronized wax and a silane hydrophobic agent. The mixture containing 0.6% zinc stearate and 0.6% silane showed the lowest water absorption and high flexural and compressive strength. The microstructure of the selected mixtures was also monitored using a scanning electron microscope, where the pores covered with the layer of polymer admixture were observed.
Applications of Concrete-Polymer Composites: Where Are We Now and Where We Are Going?
Authors: Yeon Jung Heum , Choi Yeoung-Geun , Yeon Kyu-Seok
Published: November 2024

This study aims to overview the current state of concrete-polymer composite (CPC) applications and proposes ways to develop and generalize the use of CPC in practical applications. According to the literature, polymer-modified concrete (PMC) is mainly formulated using SBR or epoxy-based latex and used for repair and overlays. Polymer concrete (PC) uses unsaturated polyester resin as a polymer binder and is mainly used for precast products. Polymer-impregnated concrete (PIC) research was actively conducted in the 1970s and 1980s, but currently, it is not easy to find except for a few applied studies. This study also presents the challenges and suggestions for developing and generaling CPC use in real-world practice.
Bond Characteristics of BFRP and GFRP Bars in Concrete with Additives—Results from a Beam Test Study
Authors: Urbański Marek , Szmigiera Elżbieta , Adamczewski Grzegorz , Woyciechowski Piotr P. , Protchenko Kostiantyn
Published: November 2024

This article presents a comparative analysis of the bond behavior of steel bars in concrete and bars made of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) in modified concrete. While steel bars have been the conventional choice for reinforcement in concrete structures, their bonding properties are well established. In contrast, FRP bars possess distinct mechanical and physical properties, which can lead to different bonding behavior in concrete. The study investigated the effects of concrete properties and bar characteristics on the bond behavior of GFRP and BFRP bars. Specifically, the study analyzed the relationships between bond stress-slip, modes and mechanisms of failure, and changes in bond strength of concrete with the addition of zeolite and metakaolin, with the presence of GFRP, BFRP, and steel bars. The findings of the study reveal that the adhesion of composite bars to modified concrete is enhanced to varying degrees. The bond stress of GFRP bars to concrete with metakaolin addition was found to be 50% higher than to normal concrete, while the bond stress to concrete with zeolite was similar. On the other hand, BFRP bars exhibited an increase in bond stress of 7% in the presence of concrete with metakaolin. Moreover, BFRP bars displayed a greater bond to steel reinforcement that underwent plasticization or rupture. The study also noted that the change in bond strength of GFRP and BFRP bars due to their linear deformability was gradual, characterized by a several times greater slip range compared to steel bars.
Effect of Hybridization of BFRP Bars on Their Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ogrodowska Karolina , Urbański Marek , Garbacz Andrzej
Published: November 2024

The FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) bars are increasingly used as the main reinforcement of concrete structures, replacing traditional steel reinforcement. In this paper results of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars (BFRP) modification by partial replacement of basalt fibers with carbon fibers were presented. The analysis of an effect of hybridization on a microstructure and mechanical properties of BFRP bars were performed. This analysis was thought out based on tests performed: tensile strength and shear strength and a microstructure observation with scanning electron microscope. The results obtained indicate that the hybridization effectively increases elasticity modulus compared to unmodified BFRP and the tensile strength and shear strength increase in lower extant. The nonhomogeneous distribution of carbon fiber in the cross-section of HFRP bars has relatively small effect of mechanical properties and their scattering.
Crack Propagation Analysis of Model Concrete Columns with BFRP Reinforcement Bars
Authors: Wydra Małgorzata , Sadowski Grzegorz , Dolny Piotr , Fangrat Jadwiga
Published: November 2024

Available studies on concrete structural parts with FRP reinforcement bars concern mostly investigations on bent elements (beams, slabs) [1, 2]. There are also available a few theoretical analyses on columns [3–5]. Though, there is still little experimental data concerning concrete columns with FRP bars [6–8], especially subjected to eccentric load, as also underlined in the review article [9]. This research aims to fulfill this research gap. Also, basalt FRP bars were chosen as relatively new type of non-metallic bars with low ecological impact [1].

A total of eight columns with the height of either 750 mm or 1500 mm having 150 mm x 150 mm rectangular cross section were examined under axial or eccentric mechanical load up to 290 kN. Columns were reinforced with four BFRP main bars with the diameter of either 8 or 10 mm, and 8 mm steel stirrups in each case. The results on the thermal and mechanical properties’ investigations on BFRP bars were presented in [10]; the compressive strength values of the used BFRP bars were in the range of 441.2–466.8 MPa and elasticity modulus at compression values were equal to 31.0–38.4 GPa. Tested compressive strength of concrete, from which all columns were made (in one concrete pouring) were equal to 33.8 MPa. Each column was loaded in three cycles of loading-unloading, increasing the eccentricity, from 0 to 2 cm, and finally to 4 cm. DIC (Digital Image Correlation) method was used for the analysis of crack propagation (as in earlier research of bent elements [11]), but also unexpectedly there were visualised intensification areas of compression micro-damages. Failure was noted for two elements - B075_8_2 at the eccentricity of 4 cm (failure load – 290 kN after 60 s of sustained load) and B150_10_2 at the eccentricity of 4 cm (280 kN). Other specimens did not fail under load up to 290 kN. Maps from DIC method were also compared with results from numerical modelling (in Abaqus software) with good resemblance.
Underwater Abrasion Resistance of Fibre Reinforced-Latex Modified Concrete with Granulated Rubber
Authors: Klun Mateja , Šušteršič Jakob , Ercegovič Rok , Mikoš Matjaž , Kryžanowski Andrej
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present and discuss the initial results of a large-scale research project involving laboratory and field investigations of abrasion resistance of different types of concrete. The decision to study in more detail the abrasion resistance of fibre-reinforced concrete with granulated rubber was based on the results of previous research projects, as well as on observations on the behaviour of concretes placed in the spillways of hydro power plants loaded with water and water-borne particles. Gravel aggregate, steel, polypropylene fibres, and granulated rubber were used to prepare the concrete. In the fibre-reinforced concretes without granulated rubber, the binding component consisted of cement and silica fume, but when granulated rubber was added, the binding component consisted of cement and a dry proportion of SBR latex. The results obtained by now, at an age of 90 days show that fibre-reinforced concretes with granulated rubber have an improved resistance to underwater abrasion, compared to fibre-reinforced concretes without granulated rubber.