bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Shameless Official in an Aggressive State: Educational Consequences
Authors: Kobylarek Aleksander , Madej Martyna , Máhrik Tibor
Published: October 2023

Modern democracy in the Polish State, as well as respect for minorities of all kinds and women themselves, is collapsing in favour of a particularly close affiliation between the State and the Church. The separation of these two institutions is becoming negligible, if it still exists, and the state and the church have become allies of each other with any educated and/or intelligent element that does not support such a practice. The medieval practices, the stigmatisation of individual groups, patriarchy and the lack of respect for the constitution oppress societies, oppress the rights of citizens and show their place in the ranks. More and more rights are granted only to privileged groups, while others, such as women, LGBTQA+, migrants, the disabled, political opponents, or anyone else who does not support the current actions of the most influential institutions, remain ignored or muddled, vis-à-vis potential voters of the ruling party. Meanwhile, influential citizens can afford to do almost anything. At present, the lord and master decides the fate of all his subjects irrespective of how many protests and on what issues take place in the state, the utter shamelessness of the official can be observed here. Those who invoke God do not seem to believe in Him and, moreover, they act contrary to His principles. What stands out most in their actions is their total ignorance, their hatred of anyone who is against them and their lack of thought for the consequences that will come to them once they lose their power. The only hope seems to be for future voters with full civic awareness.
The Philosophical Context of Curriculum Innovations with a Focus on Competence Development
Authors: Kondrla Peter , Lojan Radoslav , Maturkanič Patrik , Nickolaeva Biryukova Yulia , González Mastrapa Ernel
Published: October 2023

Aim. The article describes the philosophical background of competency education and analyses the weaknesses that are present in curriculum changes, focusing on the absence of dynamic acceptance of otherness.
Concept. The starting point is a reflection on the philosophical background of education as a repetition and production of the same. The basic principles of the post-metaphysical approach of education to otherness and the interpretation of the innovation curriculum in relation to these principles are presented.
Results. Curricular changes and innovations appear to be cosmetic adjustments in which the traditional philosophical and pedagogical principles of passive reception of knowledge and acquisition of large amounts of knowledge are preserved.
Conclusion. Changing the curriculum requires a change in teachers' attitudes as well as a change in the school education system. It is necessary to define who the teacher is, who the pupil is. Parents must identify with curricular reform and see it as a positive change for their children.
Cognitive value. Curricular reform cannot be done without systemic changes in education. All participants in the change must be familiar with and identify with the new paradigm and its philosophical background, otherwise it will not be possible to realise the transition to competency pedagogy.
The Negative Freedom and Politics of Modus Vivendi
Authors: Turčan Ciprian
Published: October 2023

Aim. The aim of this study is to provide a selected theoretical-methodological analysis of the concept of negative freedom in relation to the political sphere of its application, to reveal and clarify the main political implications and normative claims that its recognition implies for political theory.
Concept. From a methodological point of view, the study is based on three justified assumptions: (1) that in modern political philosophy the idea of individual freedom is the main normative basis for political theories, (2) that philosophical development has brought several competing concepts of this idea and (3) that from its own content the concept implies basic requirements for its social and political application. For the purposes of theoretical-methodological analysis, we distinguished two different moments in the concept of individual freedom (freedom as a question of will and freedom as a question of practice) and from their point of view we examined the selected concept of negative freedom in an attempt to reveal its implicit claims at the political level.
Results. In the article, we have succeeded in formulating and arguing for the thesis that the concept of negative freedom in its applicability programmatically leads to a modus vivendi model of politics. We have shown that the concept of freedom and the model of politics are interrelated and normatively interdependent.
Conclusion. The main conclusion of the study is that the above model of politics cannot be generalised and considered equally acceptable for all conceptions of freedom and the good life.
Investigation of meat species adulteration in beef-based meat products via real-time PCR in Türkiye
Authors: Özlü Hayrunnisa , Çevik Burak , Atasever Mustafa , Sarıalioğlu Muhammet Furkan , Alkan Polat Betül
Published: October 2023

The addition of poultry and other meats to products made from 100% beef is prohibited in Türkiye. In addition, in Türkiye, where the majority of the population is Muslim, the use of pork and single-hoofed meat is a matter of concern due to religious reasons. This study utilized a sensitive and specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to identify the different meat species in meat products marketed as 100% beef and sold in the eastern Türkiye provinces of Erzurum, Erzincan, Kars, Ağrı, and Bingöl. The real-time PCR method was used to investigate the presence of DNA specific to six animal species (chicken, turkey, pork, horse, donkey, and camel). The analysis revealed no traces of horse, donkey, camel, or pork meat in any of the 100 samples of Turkish fermented sausage (sucuk), salami, and sausage. Contrary to the product labels claiming 100% beef content, poultry DNA residues were identified in a salami sample from Erzincan, while turkey DNA residues were found in sucuk samples from both Ağrı and Kars. The study’s findings reveal that contrary to label information, various types of meat can be present in meat products sold by both trademarked and local butchers. Consequently, this paper emphasizes the need for routine checks on market-sold products to ensure they comply with legislation and avoid consumer deception. Furthermore, the Real-Time PCR method, with its rapid results and high sensitivity, is deemed beneficial for food safety, consumer rights, and the prevention of unfair competition.
Establishment Patterns of Model Diffusion Theory
Authors:   ,   Linnaeus University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Informatics. University of Borås, Sweden., Williamsson Ia
Published: October 2023

Information technology is now part of almost every product and service, and the ever-increasing rate of technology and software development demands an appropriate software development process model. The model, whichdescribes the software development process, plays a crucial role for success in software projects. Models are constantly produced and refined in academia and practice, but models from academia tend to remain unused in practice, or take a long time to reach practice. Currently there is a lack of knowledge on how models are transferred or diffused in and between academia and practice, which is the knowledge gap that this study aims to investigate. The research purpose has thus been to investigate and ground a theory about the diffusion of software process models in and between academia and practice. The study is based on data collected from 31 informants, from both academia and practice, and analyzed with a grounded theory method approach. The Diffusion of Innovation theory was consulted during theory development, and the perceived model characteristics, complexity, ando bservability are seen as distinguishing differences between the theories. The resulting grounded theory, “Establishment Patterns of Model Diffusion” describes four important areas, and how they affect each other ina model diffusion situation. The areas are: Motivation; Establishment; Usage; and Quality. How model diffusion takes place depends on the are as themselves, on the prevailing conditions, on the knowledge at hand and on how the areas are evaluated. This shows multi-faceted, time-dependent, and unpredictable patterns for model diffusion. The patterns include experience of model use, the past and future context of use, the characteristics of the model, requirements in the working process, individuals’ empowerment, availability of multiple models, composition of project groups, and the group members’ private and business networks. The findings have several implications. For academia, the benefits may be in the awareness of the multiple patterns for model diffusion and software process improvements, which cannot be separated from each other. Models are constantly adopted and simultaneously modified in practice. Practice may benefit from an awareness of the multiple patterns for model diffusionand sources of experience and knowledge, and how to make use of the existing knowledge capital strategically. Both academia and practice may also benefit from increased cooperation, each contributing their unique experience, and consequently increasing relevance for practice in the diffusion of models, and in developing and receiving research results in a useful format.
Meta-Systemic Model of Transformation: A General Complexity-Based Approach in Political Science and International Relations
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland), Baranowski Piotr
Published: October 2023

System-based research remains an important yet usually outdated and internally contradictory approach in political science and international relations. Based on concepts borrowed from physiology, cybernetics, and general system theory, the system-based approach popularised in the 1960s was cast away as outdated and ill-focused. Despite those systems, the theory was developed in natural sciences, eventually creating a paradigm more applicable to domestic and international politics. The weakest element of past systems (like the one proposed by D. Easton) was that they did not allow for a sudden and catastrophic transformation and lacked emergence. This paper aims to present a model that would allow for the system’s ordinary and catastrophic transformation. The complex adaptive system features were defined using relevant literature on a paradigm of complexity. Connecting it with the propositions of D. Easton, R. Axelrod, and M. Cohen, as well as R. Jervis, such a model was constructed. The theoretical introduction is supplanted with a general case study of the early phases of the Arab Spring in Tunisia. The model mirrors the complex systems’ dynamics, considering the agent-structure problem.
Road Safety on the Example of Wireless Services – Case Study
Authors:   Polish Naval Academy of the Heroes of Westerplatte (Poland), Lizakowski Piotr
Published: October 2023

The paper considers organising wireless access in vehicular environments. Such environments are normally affected by Doppler effects, so the IEEE 802.11p standard is expected to ensure an appropriate quality of service for moving objects. Theoretically, the IEEE 802.11p standard compensates for Doppler effects, but it should be ascertained whether 802.11p is still efficient at tiny Doppler shifts and when an object moves at higher speeds. The 802.11p link provides a data rate which is twice as low for 802.11a. Thus, an end-to-end simulation is carried out for the links at wide ranges of signal-to-noise ratio by varying the Doppler shift from 0 Hz to 100 Hz. The simulation also involves 8 modulation types for 128-, 512-, and 1024-bit packet transmissions to cover all possible study cases. The efficiency criterion is the packet-error rate, to which the data rate is additionally considered. The main simulation result is that the 802.11p link is efficient only at not high speeds. The packet length should be shortened to suppress the influence of the object’s speed. Therefore, to enable high-quality wireless access in vehicular environments, a combination of the 802.11p and 802.11a links should be used, where phase shift keying is more effective for 802.11a and quadrature amplitude modulation is more effective for 802.11p. The trade-off herein is a data rate versus margin speed.
Naxalism: The Left-Wing Extremist Movement in India
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University (Poland), Ghosh Rajashri
Published: October 2023

After 200 years of bondage, India gained freedom from the British through numerous revolutionary movements in 1947. But, within 20 years of the independence, insurgent movements had started arising against the Indian Government as well. In 1967, the Naxalite insurgency was initiated as a radical protest by the oppressed peasants against the colonial tenancy system retained by the feudal landowners even after the British had left the country for good. The uprising got pinpointed as Naxalism and the rebels as Naxals, as it all started at Naxalbari, a village in the Indian state of West Bengal. Spanning over 50 years, this ongoing movement initially acquired the respect of the general population of India with its radical ideologies of fighting against the oppressor imperialists but soon mutated into a source of terror. A qualitative assessment of the instances taken from secondary sources, such as context-related online journals and blog articles, will help this paper to explain the formation of the contemporary perception of Naxalism as an extreme radical armed revolution and one of the biggest security challenges against the Indian Government.
Morale of Uniformed Public Services in the Context of Contemporary Challenges and Threats
Authors:   Military University of Technology (Poland), Kołodziejczyk Adam , Domańska-Szaruga Beata ,   Military University of Technology (Poland)
Published: October 2023

Morale is one of the most frequently recurring concepts in the media covering events from the country and the world. It is used by journalists and experts representing the scientific and military communities. The concept is also used by ordinary people commenting on the attitudes and achievements of various individuals and social entities, especially in situations of particular threats to human life and health. Since the term morale is used in different contexts and meanings, many different ways of understanding it can be noted. It can also be seen that approaches to the phenomenon of morale differ in time – interest in it decreases during peace and social stability and increases during conflicts, revolutions, or wars. For example, in the post-Cold War decade of the 1990s, known as the “end of history” or the “peace dividend” period, there was little scientific work on morale. But earlier, during the “Cold War”, such publications were numerously created in the West . From the emerging interest in the concept of morale in modern times, it appears that it is still valid and important.
Effect of sintering duration on structure and properties of Ni-Al metal-intermetallic composites produced by SPS
Authors: Ogneva Tatiana , Anisimov Alexander , Kuzmin Ruslan , Tyurin Andrey , Emurlaeva Yulia , Aleksandrova Natalya
Published: October 2023

The fabrication of Ni-Al based metal-intermetallic layered (MIL) composites is one of the actively developing directions in the production of materials for aircraft and space industries. Alternating hard intermetallic layers with ductile metal layers provides a unique combination of mechanical properties. In this study, metal-intermetallic layered composites consisting of Ni and nickel aluminides were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) of Ni and Al foils 100 and 25 μm in thickness, respectively. Samples sintered at 1100 °C for 0.5, 3, and 8 min were obtained. The purpose of this study was to fabricate Ni-Al MIL composites with increased strength properties using SPS technique and to investigate the effect of sintering duration on structure and properties. The structure of the samples sintered for 0.5 min consisted of Ni layers and intermetallic layers containing the sublayers with stoichiometric and Ni-rich B2 NiAl, L10 twinned martensite NiAl. The tensile strength of such composites was 485 MPa. The intermetallic layers in the sample sintered for 3 min have more Ni-rich NiAl, martensite NiAl, and Ni3Al phases, which promoted to an increase in tensile strength to 575 MPa. The sample sintered for 8 min consisted of Ni and a solid solution of Al in Ni and showed the highest tensile strength, 610 MPa, due to solid solution hardening in the interlayers. The samples did not break when applying bending load, which is the evidence of the good reliability and durability of the composites.
The impact of dimethylformamide on the synthesis of graphene quantum dots derived from graphene oxide
Authors: Truong Khuong T. , Pham Thach H. , Tran Khai V.
Published: October 2023

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have garnered immense interest in recent years due to their unique optical, electrical, and chemical properties, making them promising candidates for various applications in optoelectronics, bioimaging, and sensing. However, enhancing the control over the size, surface chemistry, and optical properties of GQDs remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel recipe was proposed to successfully synthesize various GQDs via a typical solvothermal process, which has proven to be a versatile and scalable approach. In addition to the main ingredient – graphene oxide suspension, dimethylformamide (DMF) and hydrogen peroxide serving as a cutting agent were added to the reaction mixture. This synthesis method was found to be more promising than the reference one in which DMF was replaced by double distilled water. Through systematic experimentation, we demonstrated that the addition of DMF enables the successful GQD production over a wider range of reaction times; hence, the UV absorption band and photoluminescence properties of GQDs can be better adjusted. The dependence of photoluminescence on the excitation wavelength was observed in the as-prepared materials as they were excited with a range of wavelengths from 360 to 480 nm. The obtained insights not only advance our understanding of GQD synthesis but also open up avenues for tailoring their properties for specific applications.
Crescimento econômico combinado com maior poder de compra: os efeitos de uma política de valorização do salário mínimo sobre o produto
Authors: Sanches Marina da Silva , Serra Gustavo Pereira , Gomes Rikelme Duarte , Cardomingo Matias Rebello
Published: October 2023

Resumo Este artigo analisa os efeitos econômicos de curto prazo de um reajuste do salário mínimo de 3,02% a partir de uma Matriz de Contabilidade Social (MCS) para o Brasil. Os exercícios de simulação consideram efeitos de redistribuição de renda entre diferentes estratos resultantes de elevações de salário mínimo por meio da estimação do efeito multiplicador de renda, que utiliza diferentes propensões a consumir para cada estrato. A valorização simulada é equivalente à soma das variações do PIB em 2018 e 2019, representando o ganho real do poder de compra do salário mínimo caso o reajuste em 2020 e 2021 considerasse a regra vigente entre 2011 e 2019. Os resultados apontam combinações possíveis de reajuste de salário mínimo e política fiscal que geram efeito líquido positivo sobre a atividade econômica (e.g., soluções que afetem majoritariamente o topo da distribuição de renda).
Incorporating externalities when optimising power system expansion plans
Authors: Wyatt Timothy
Published: October 2023

Power system expansion planning has traditionally been conducted in two phases: optimisation of the future generation system to satisfy forecast demands, followed by that of a complementary transmission system. However, it is now computationally realistic to optimise both aspects simultaneously, even for large and complex systems. At the same time, the range of candidate generation plant types to be considered has widened considerably, with the technical and economic characteristics of wind, solar and biomass plants now having to be compared with those of conventional thermal and hydro plants. It is also becoming increasingly important to take explicit account, within the planning process, of the so-called ‘externalities’ such as emission limits, budget constraints and demand-management measures, in addition to the environmental costs and secondary benefits associated with individual projects. This paper describes the results of a study to demonstrate the feasibility of explicitly considering a range of externalities when mathematically optimising integrated generation and transmission system expansion plans, using the Vietnamese power system as an example.
Ciência na Escola: Ensinando conceitos de ciências e saúde para crianças de escolas públicas do Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Pacholak Leticia Madureira , Maito Vitor Teixeira , Minatti Elaine Christine , Cormanique Thayse Fachin , Gomes Eduardo Moreira Sabóia , Da Silva Mateus Batista , Dos Santos Vanessa Leal , Schoeler Nathielen Caroline , Rech Cinthya Alba , Panis Carolina
Published: October 2023

O Projeto Ciência na Escola surgiu em 2014 com o objetivo de ensinar, a partir de uma abordagem lúdica, conceitos básicos de Ciências em escolas públicas para crianças dos anos iniciais. Atividades práticas e teóricas foram desenvolvidas em encontros modulares com estudantes de 2º a 4º anos do ensino fundamental das escolas públicas do município de Francisco Beltrão – PR. Mais de 1000 crianças do ensino fundamental, na faixa etária de 8 a 10 anos, participaram do projeto no período de 2014 – 2019, o qual foi coordenado por 6 bolsistas e mais de 300 acadêmicos voluntários. Os estudantes foram introduzidos aos conceitos de imunologia molecular e celular, estabelecendo uma relação da ação das células de defesa do organismo com a atuação de soldados – “soldadinhos” que combatem os inimigos invisíveis, os micróbios. Ademais, as crianças foram ensinadas sobre como fortalecer o sistema imune por meio de uma dieta saudável e foram apresentados a alguns conceitos relativos a vitaminas e o papel da alimentação no processo de saúde-doença. Ao final de cada ano, foram realizadas as Feiras de Ciências e os Cine Pipocas, exposição de um filme de conteúdo educativo para as crianças participantes do projeto. Deve-se ressaltar que as crianças são multiplicadoras da promoção da saúde em seu ambiente familiar, portanto, ensinar a esses alunos noções de higiene e prevenção de doenças tem o intuito, também, de contribuir para a conscientização e educação da comunidade em geral.
Elaboração de palavras-cruzadas como recurso didático para o ensino de Bioquímica em escolas públicas
Authors: Sérvulo Kátia Bonfim Leite de Moura , Araújo Regina Maria Sousa de , Ribeiro Lucas Gomes , Zierer Maximiliano de Souza
Published: October 2023

A Bioquímica é a área da Biologia que estuda os processos biológicos e os elementos químicos no interior da célula, animal ou vegetal. Trata-se de uma importante area, no contexto escolar, por conta do estudo dos fenômenos bioquímicos que ocorrem em nosso corpo. Nas escolas, o feedback dos alunos no aprendizado deste conteúdo nas aulas de Biologia e Ciências é negativo, e há uma consequente falta de interesse pelo assunto. Nesse contexto, torna-se necessário buscar novas ferramentas que facilitem o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, tais como os jogos didáticos. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar um livreto didático intitulado “Bioquímica da vida”, contendo uma série de textos e palavras-cruzadas que facilitem a compreensão sobre Bioquímica, nas disciplinas de Biologia e Ciências, voltado para estudantes de Ensino Médio e Ensino Fundamental, respectivamente. Os conteúdos foram escolhidos com base nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e nos livros didáticos adotados pelas escolas públicas com Ensino Médio. Os textos de apoio e as pistas foram elaborados com o uso do Microsoft Word Office 2013; as palavras-cruzadas, usando o software Hot Potatoes 6. Esta metodologia resultou em um livreto de 26 páginas dividido por seções, cada uma contendo textos de apoio, pistas e palavras-cruzadas. Concluiu-se que os objetivos propostos foram atingidos e o livreto será uma importante ferramenta pedagógica para motivar os alunos em sala de aula, servindo de auxílio para a construção de conhecimentos sobre a Bioquímica.
Students' conceptions of biological membrane models
Authors: Person Vanessa Aina , Teixeira da Rocha João Batista
Published: October 2023

The biological membrane is the central theme of this study. Frequently, the subjects about biological membranes are treated superficially and as simple cell structures. However, the membrane structure and its dynamic are complex and crucial to life existence. This study investigated the conceptions of undergraduate and graduate students about biological membranes and their knowledge about the models that evolved along the recent history of biological sciences. The results revealed that students describe only the Singer and Nicolson membrane model, which was published in 1972, but are unaware of the existence of other models of biological membranes. None of the students mentioned other than the fluid-mosaic model. Our results indicated that the conceptions of students about are associated with two core ideas, function and composition. We suggest that the biological membrane concepts should be taught in a non-mechanical way, including the critical and historical aspects that pushed the evolution of the models.
The Treadmill-Based Tripping Perturbation v2
Authors: Shih Hui-Ting
Published: October 2023

The protocol utilized a side-by-side split-belt instrumented treadmill to simulate a trip-like perturbation. Compared to previously published methodologies, this new protocol is focused on delivering the perturbation at a precise timepoint during gait. Programmed treadmill belt acceleration profiles are triggered unilaterally at the instant the tripped leg bears 20-25% of the body weight in early stance phase. The belt acceleration profile starts from a comfortable walking speed, followed by a sudden slowdown, then an acceleration, and finally returning to the comfortable walking speed. The slowdown is meant to simulate the foot obstruction and the acceleration reproduces the leg-torso discoordination and the trunk forward thrust during a trip. The last step in this version contains a supplemental video with extra context and tips, as part of the protocols.io Spotlight series, featuring conversations with protocol authors.
Digital Nudge Stacking and Backfiring: Understanding Sustainable E-Commerce Purchase Decisions
Authors:   Paderborn University, Mirbabaie Milad , Marx Julian ,   The University of Melbourne, Erle Lukas ,   Ruhr West University of Applied Sciences
Published: October 2023

Abstract Background: The consumption of ‘fast fashion’, which is expedited by cost-effective e-commerce systems, represents one of the major factors contributing to the acceleration of climate change. An emerging approach to steer consumers in the direction of more sustainable purchase decisions is digital nudging. This paper explores digital nudging in the context of green fashion e-commerce by testing the effectiveness of two nudging strategies on the decision to choose green fashion products (GFP) over regular fashion items. Method: This study was conducted as a between-subject online experiment (n=320) with four conditions simulating an e-commerce scenario. The participants were presented with different products: one was ecologically friendly, and another was the regular option. Depending on their randomized group allocation, the participants experienced a default nudge, a social norm nudge, a combination of both strategies, or no nudge. In addition, we conducted 10 qualitative interviews to gain a deeper understanding of consumers’ decision process. Results: Our experiment failed to demonstrate statistically significant relationships between the various nudging strategies and GFP purchase decisions. However, additional explorative analyzes confirmed a backfire effect for the combination of nudging strategies. This reveals the previously overlooked influence of participants’ identification on the effectiveness of digital nudging strategies. In addition, qualitative interviews revealed individual factors that influence sustainable e-commerce purchase decisions. Conclusion: This study contributes to information systems research by explaining the differences in the effectiveness of different nudging strategies regarding high-involvement compared to low-involvement products. Moreover, it provides empirical evidence of a backfire effect resulting from a combination of digital nudging strategies (i.e., digital nudge stacking). Finally, the study underscores the leverage that individual factors have on both GFP purchase decision and the effectiveness of nudges.
CITY IDENTITY AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tormakhova Anastasiia
Published: October 2023

The city is the center of modern society. Each of them was formed under certain socio-cultural conditions. During its existence, it was transformed, acquired a different visual image. It reproduces the change in worldview narratives that prevailed in society and appears as the factor influencing the formation of the cultural identity of the citizens. A city is not only a physical space in which people live. It is a cell that has its own unique character. The uniqueness of the city is defined as identity, as it is formed under the influence of historical and cultural development, as a result of the existence of collective memory, etc. The specifics of the city's cultural identity largely depends on cultural memory. The concept of "collective memory" is formed in connection with a certain interpretation of the events of the past. The recipients should be included in historical milestones not so much on a rational-logical level, but mostly on an emotional one. The perception of the city is connected with aesthetic pleasure, but at the same time it appears as a certain construct. As a result of the process of globalization, the formation of cities with a more unified character is taking place. But the leadership of many cities seeks to focus on shaping a unique ethos of the city, which will be achieved through cultural policy, design and architecture. As a rule, such urban centers have significant popularity, a certain reputation and attract people who want to live there or at least visit it. The city and its ethos influence the formation of the identity of its inhabitants. And the residents themselves can act as the driving force that will shape the city's identity in the conditions of the spread of globalization influences. Each of the big cities demonstrates compliance with a certain leading value that gives it originality and uniqueness. On the way to the formation of the global identity of the city, the cooperation of representatives of various institutions and citizens is extremely important, which is an example of interaction based on communication.
Primary correction results in the prediction of the basic scoliotic curves and postoperative progression in patients with youth idiopathic scoliosis of the thoracic localization surgical treatment
Authors: Vasyura Alexander S. , Buzunov Aleksei V. , Lukinov Vitaliy L. , Khanaev Albert L. , Novikov Vyacheslav V.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Predicting the results of the surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis is important, as the role of communication between the doctor and the patient increases in discussing possible outcomes of treatment and developing a plan for surgical intervention.
AIM: To create a multivariate model for predicting the surgical results of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis based on the identification of predictors that affect the quantity of the main scoliotic curve primary correction and postoperative progression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surgical results of 922 patients with juvenile idiopathic thoracic scoliosis who underwent surgery from 1999 to 2019 were analyzed. The mean age was 14.6 1.2 years (men, 16.8%; women, 83.1%). The patients were divided into four groups according to the types of surgical interventions: group I included 247 patients (26.8%) who received correction using laminar fixation and anterior stage; group II, 450 patients (48.8%) who underwent correction using hybrid fixation; group III, 80 (8.7%) patients who had correction using hybrid fixation and anterior stage; and group IV, 145 (15.7%) patients who underwent correction with total transpedicular fixation. Clinical and radiological data were analyzed in the preoperative, postoperative, and late postoperative periods. Predictors of undercorrection and postoperative progression (loss of achieved correction) were identified by constructing univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.
RESULTS: The greatest correction of the thoracic scoliotic curve (74.3%) was noted in group IV. In patients with spinal deformity of 80 and mobility of 25%, the smallest correction (44.8%) was noted in group III. Postoperative progression of 10 was observed in groups I and II. Multiplicative predictors of insufficient correction of the main scoliotic curve of 50% and postoperative progression of 10 were identified. The sensitivity and specificity to predict undercorrection were 75.2% and 82.6% and for postoperative progression were 68.6% and 66.8%, respectively (p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The identification of multiplicative predictors of insufficient correction and postoperative progression makes it possible to predict the risk of insufficient correction with an accuracy of 75% and the risk of postoperative progression with an accuracy of 68.6%. If transpedicular fixation to correct the main scoliotic curve is impossible, additional anterior intervention may be performed to prevent postoperative progression.
Topical electrostimulation for correction of respiratory disorders in spinal cord injury: A review
Authors: Toriya Vakhtang G. , Vissarionov Sergei V. , Savina Margarita  V. , Baindurashvili Alexey G. , Pershina Polina A.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: A spinal cord injury can lead to paralysis of the respiratory muscles, resulting in a significant reduction in breathing ability. People with a spinal cord injury face an increased risk of developing various respiratory complications. To date, existing effective technologies positively affect the long-term recovery of respiratory function and create conditions for neuroplasticity in the injured spinal cord. The high relevance and lack of systematization of these techniques in the world literature served as the basis for describing a topical approach in electrostimulation for the correction of respiratory disorders in patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries.
AIM: To formulate an algorithm for topical electrostimulation of the spinal cord and respiratory muscles to correct respiratory dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury based on the latest scientific literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article presents the results of the analysis of peer-reviewed articles that investigated the effects of various electrostimulation techniques on respiratory function in patients with spinal cord injury. Searches were performed on ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed for the period from 2000 to 2022.
RESULTS: A spinal cord and muscle electrostimulation algorithm was formulated to personalize the treatment approach for patients with spinal cord injury depending on the level and period of traumatic spinal cord injury.
CONCLUSIONS: Electrostimulation techniques were found to be effective in the treatment of spinal cord injuries, particularly for the correction of respiratory disorders. The choice of the appropriate neurostimulation technique depends on the severity, injury level, and period of injury. Noninvasive techniques, such as FES and TSSM, can be used from the acute period to the chronic period, whereas invasive techniques, such as epidural stimulation and respiratory pacemaker placement, are appropriate in the chronic period. Despite the positive results of these techniques, further research is needed to develop effective treatment plans and improve their effectiveness and long-term outcomes.
Non-traumatic pathology of the clavicle in children
Authors: Jabri Hatim , Tazi Charki Mohammed , Abdellaoui Hicham , Atarraf Karima , Afifi Moulay Abderrahmane
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: The clavicle in children is a site of multiple types of injuries, post traumatic pathology being predominant, and generally presents no diagnosis problems; in contrast non-traumatic lesions of the clavicle are rare and may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic problems for the orthopaedic surgeon.
AIM: The objective is to show that the clavicle in children can be a site of infectious, congenital and tumor lesions involving the functional and vital prognosis of the child.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study including 9 patients over an 9 year period from January 2013 to January 2022 was conducted. 4 boys and 5 girls were admitted in our institute with a mean age of 11.2 years (range 616 years). The right clavicle was affected in 8 patients, with no bilateral lesions.
RESULTS: There was a predominance of tumor lesions (4 benign and one malignant). Two patients had a clavicular osteomyelitis. The diagnosis of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle was noted in the other two patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The aetiologies are variable, biopsy remains the key to establish the diagnosis in the majority of cases. Treatment varies according to the type of disease and may include symptomatic, expectant management, drugs therapy or surgical treatment.
Neurogenic heterotopic ossification: A review. Part 1
Authors: Khodorovskaya Alina M. , Novikov Vladimir A. , Umnov Valery V. , Zvozil Alexey V. , Melchenko Evgenii V. , Umnov Dmitriy V. , Zharkov Dmitriy S. , Barlova Olga V. , Krasulnikova Elizaveta A. , Zakharov Fedor A.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Heterotopic ossification is the formation of bone tissues in the soft tissues of the body. A distinct form of heterotopic ossification is neurogenic, that is, resulting from severe injury to the brain or spinal cord of different genesis. Neurogenic heterotopic ossification is a complex multifactorial process of differentiated bone formation in the paraarticular soft tissues of large joints. Heterotopic ossification leads to the formation of persistent contractures and ankylosis, which cause severe disability and complicate rehabilitation.
AIM: To analyze publications dealing with various aspects of neurogenic heterotopic ossification.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first part of our review, we present the results of the literature analysis on the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinic and laboratory diagnosis of neurogenic heterotopic ossification. Scientific literature databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Crossref, and eLibrary were searched for without language limitations.
RESULTS: Current literature data on heterotopic ossification in patients with central nervous system pathologies are presented. Topical questions of etiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinic and laboratory diagnostics of this pathological process are highlighted.
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the risk factors of heterotopic ossification development and their prevention in the context of the modern knowledge of heterotopic ossification pathogenesis may help reduce the incidence of heterotopic ossification in patients with severe central nervous system injury.
Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease presenting with osteoarthritis: Mechanisms of the development and prospects of conservative therapy using bisphosphonates
Authors: Kozhevnikov Aleksei N. , Barsukov Dmitrii B. , Gubaeva Aigul R.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in children remains a subject of great interest among specialists, despite its long history of study. The LeggCalvPerthes disease is the most common form of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in children. The necrotic lesion in the femoral head results from the blockage of the arterial blood supply to the epiphysis, leading to its infarction. Some children experience a more aggressive disease course, with signs of osteoarthritis, which can result in the early development of coxarthrosis. Numerous publications have demonstrated the successful use of bisphosphonates in adult patients with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.
AIM: To generalize data on the use of bisphosphonates in children with the LeggCalvPerthes disease presenting with signs of osteoarthritis through the analysis of contemporary global literature.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the open databases of PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and the analysis depth spanned 20 years. The search terms used included LeggCalvPerthes disease, aseptic (avascular) necrosis of the femoral head, and bisphosphonates. The review encompassed the literature on bisphosphonates, their biological action, effectiveness of their use in patients with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, and results of our research.
RESULTS: Studies on the efficacy of bisphosphonates in children with LeggCalvPerthes disease are limited. Currently, the effect of bisphosphonates on disease course and outcome is unknown. Despite this, mechanisms of chronic inflammation are increasingly mentioned in the literature, which may directly or indirectly influence the clinical course and outcome of the disease. The key is the hyperactivity of osteoclasts in osteonecrosis. The experience of using bisphosphonates in adult patients with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head had positive results in preventing the progression of the deformity of femoral head deformity.
CONCLUSIONS: Bisphosphonates are specific inhibitors of osteoclast activity, which has been used in many diseases. The results and inferences of using bisphosphonates in children with LeggCalvPerthes disease will lead to the formulation of a new treatment algorithm.
Flexion–distraction injuries of the spine: Features of diagnostics, clinical picture, and results of surgical treatment of children
Authors: Filippova Aleksandra N. , Kokushin Dmitriy N. , Khusainov Nikita O.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: Flexiondistraction injuries of the spine result from high-energy trauma (traffic accidents and falls from a height). This type of injury is commonly found in the thoracolumbar junction. Among combined injuries in the presence of flexiondistraction fractures of the vertebral column, injuries of the chest or abdominal organs are often observed, which are crucial for patient survival, and their diagnostic measure is complex because of the severe and unstable conditions of the patients.
AIM: To analyze a cohort of pediatric patients who underwent surgery for flexiondistraction injury of the spine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the data of clinical and instrumental studies and surgical outcomes of 28 pediatric patients (aged 217 years) with flexiondistraction injuries of the spine. The standard preoperative examination included clinical and laboratory studies, spondylography, multislice spiral computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the damaged area, electrocardiography, and ultrasonography of the abdominal organs and kidneys. All patients underwent surgery for the correction and stabilization of traumatic spinal deformity with a multisupport metal structure and posterior local fusion. The analysis included an assessment of the mechanism of injury, concomitant injuries, time elapsed after the injury before admission to the hospital, level of the damaged segment, and treatment. Data were processed statistically using an online calculator. The nonparametric MannWhitney method was used.
RESULTS: Catatrauma was the leading cause of injury in 50% of the patients, compared with traffic accidents in 36%. In 80% of the patients, spinal injury was localized at the thoracolumbar junction and lumbar spine. Moreover, 71% of the patients were transferred to the National Research Center for Childrens Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery for surgical treatment on the spine in the early stages after injury (up to 7 days), and 8 children (19%) were admitted within 1045 days (average 16 days). In 19 (68%) patients, in addition to spinal injury, concomitant injuries occurred, with skeletal trauma and injuries of the abdominal cavity organs as the most frequent. All patients achieved complete correction of the deformity at the level of the damaged segment.
CONCLUSIONS: Flexiondistraction fractures of the spine in children are characterized by a high incidence of concomitant injuries, which dictates the need for a full examination to identify them and correctly interpret the data. The elimination of mechanical instability in the early stages in this type of injury can reduce the extent of fixation and contribute to the restoration of the physiological profile and disk apparatus of the spinal column.
Prognostic efficiency of diagnostic blockade as a method of modeling the result of selective neurotomy of the motor branches of the musculocutaneous nerve in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: Novikov Vladimir A. , Umnov Valery V. , Zharkov Dmitriy S. , Umnov Dmitriy V. , Zvozil Alexey V. , Barlova Olga V. , Vissarionov Sergei V.
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND: A combination of movement disorders with contractures in the joints is a feature of upper limb lesions in patients with spastic forms of cerebral palsy. As part of the spastic hand syndrome, contractures are differentiated into primary and secondary. Primary contractures are caused by muscle spasticity, whereas secondary contractures are caused by the structural shortening of the muscle motor segment in relation to the bone, which can subsequently lead to deformities of articular surfaces. In theory, the use of diagnostic blockade as a mandatory procedure in patient examination before selective neurotomy of the peripheral nerves on the upper limb makes it possible to optimize the result of tone-lowering treatment because of the accurate selection and exact category of patients in whom neurosurgical treatment can be effective.
AIM: To assess the prognostic effectiveness of diagnostic blockade for modeling the result of selective neurotomy of the motor branches of the musculocutaneous nerve in patients with cerebral palsy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This longitudinal prospective study included an examination of 31 patients aged 517 years with spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Before neurosurgical treatment, each patient underwent a diagnostic blockade of the n. musculocutaneus under ultrasonography and neurostimulation. Before and after the diagnostic blockade and after the neurosurgical treatment, each patient was examined for the amplitude of passive and active joint movements, muscle tone, hand functionality, and dynamometry.
RESULTS: Results of the data analysis showed a significant relationship between the state of the elbow joint during the simulation of surgical treatment and after neurosurgical treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: The study showed the high prognostic effectiveness of diagnostic blockades when deciding on the techniques of treating tonic flexion contractures of the elbow joint as part of the spastic arm syndrome. The diagnostic blockade of the musculocutaneous nerve during the planning of surgical treatment makes it possible to create a reliable temporal model of selective neurotomy of the motor nerve branches.