bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ERA5-based global assessment of irrigation requirement and validation
Authors: Rolle Matteo , Tamea Stefania , Claps Pierluigi
Published: April 2021

While only 20% of harvested lands are actually irrigated, 40% of global agricultural production originates from irrigated areas. Therefore, assessing irrigation requirements is essential for the development of effective water-related policies for an efficient management of water resources. Moreover, global-scale analyses are becoming increasingly relevant, motivated by globalized production and international trade of food as well as by the need of common strategies to address climate change.

In this study, a comprehensive model to estimate crop growth and irrigation requirements of 26 main crops at global scale is presented. The model computes a soil water balance using daily precipitation and reference evapotranspiration based on a high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis dataset from the European Copernicus Program. The irrigation requirement, defined as the minimum water volume to avoid water stress, is computed for year 2000 at the resolution of 5 arc-min (or 0.0833°) and aggregated at different spatial and temporal scales for relevant analyses.

The estimated global irrigation requirements for 962 km3 is described in detail, also in relation to the spatial variability and to the monthly variation of the requirements. A focus on different areas of the world (California, Northern Italy and India) highlights the wealth of information provided by the model in different climatic conditions.

National data of irrigation withdrawals have been used for an extensive comparison with model results. A crop-specific validation has also been made for the State of California, comparing model results with local data of irrigation volume and independent estimates of crop water use. In both cases, we found a good agreement between model results and real data.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients
Authors: Sakurai Katsunobu , Kubo Naoshi , Tamamori Yutaka , Aomatsu Naoki , Nishii Takafumi , Tachimori Akiko , Maeda Kiyoshi
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds

This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of coexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD) on short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

We reviewed the data of 798 patients treated for GC by laparoscopic gastrectomy. All procedures took place between January 2010 and December 2017. Patients were divided into three groups according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): severe CKD group, 44 patients with eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2; moderate CKD group, 117 patients with 45 ≤ eGFR < 60; control group, 637 patients with eGFR ≥ 60.

Results

Based on multivariate analysis, severe CKD (eGFR < 45) emerged as an independent predictor of anastomotic leak (Hazard ratio 4.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62–11.54). The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates by group were 46.3% (severe CKD), 76.6% (moderate CKD), and 81.5% (control). Multivariate analysis likewise identified severe CKD (eGFR < 45) as an independent correlate of poor 5-year OS. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates did not differ significantly by group.

Conclusions

An eGFR value less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 is a useful factor for predicting both anastomotic leak and 5-year OS in GC patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy. Clinical care to improve eGFR should be reinforced before and after gastrectomy for GC patients with severe CKD.
Association between number of teeth and Alzheimer’s disease using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Authors: Tsuneishi Midori , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Yamaguchi Takeyuki , Kodama Tsuyoshi , Sato Tamotsu
Published: April 2021

Associations of numbers of teeth present and of missing teeth with Alzheimer’s disease were cross-sectionally analyzed using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan. Dental care claims data of patients aged 60 years or older diagnosed with periodontitis (n = 4,009,345) or missing teeth (n = 662,182) were used to obtain information about the numbers of teeth present and of missing teeth, respectively, and they were combined with medical care claims data including the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Numbers of teeth present and of missing teeth excluding third molars were calculated using the dental formula in the claims for periodontitis and missing teeth, respectively, and categorized into three groups each. Percentages of subjects treated for Alzheimer’s disease with 20–28, 10–19, and 1–9 teeth present were 1.95%, 3.87%, and 6.86%, respectively, in patients diagnosed as having periodontitis, and those treated for Alzheimer’s disease with 1–13, 14–27, and 28 missing teeth were 2.67%, 5.51%, and 8.70%, respectively, in patients diagnosed as having missing teeth. Logistic regression models using treatment for Alzheimer’s disease as an outcome variable and adjusting for age and sex showed that odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for patients with 10–19 and 1–9 teeth (reference: 20–28 teeth) were 1.11 (1.10–1.13) and 1.34 (1.32–1.37), respectively, (p<0.001), in patients diagnosed as having periodontitis, and odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for patients with 14–27 missing teeth and 28 missing teeth (reference: 1–13 missing teeth) were 1.40 (1.36–1.44) and 1.81 (1.74–1.89), respectively, (p<0.001), in patients diagnosed as having missing teeth. In conclusion, the results of the present study using Japanese dental claims data showed that older people visiting dental offices with fewer teeth present and a greater number of missing teeth are more likely to have Alzheimer’s disease.
Investigation of biological plant protection in protected culture of pepper
Authors: Vojnich Viktor József , Darázsi Ledóné Hajnalka , Szarvas Adrienn , Ferencz Árpád , Deák Zsuzsanna , Simon Kitti
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of regularly applied biological control by continuous monitoring of pests with the help of color traps (sticky sheets) and flower tests with joint species identification of the useful insect to determine the extent to which native useful insects can settle next to the introduced predatory ones. The latter process is to be facilitated by growing a flowering mixture of annual plants at one of the experimental sites, which provides adequate feeding and hiding place for beneficial insects.The experiment was performed in one pepper forcing period. The main pest insects are: western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci).Useful insects in the experiment: predatory mites (Amblyseius spp.) and predatory flower bugs (Orius laevigatus).
Tourism as a possible means of development of the disadvantaged settlements, on the example of Ópusztaszer village
Authors: Komarek Levente , Kovács Helga
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, rural areas are characterized by economic and social crisis phenomena such as emigration, aging, difficulties in generation change in agriculture and exclusion on the periphery. An alternative source of income could be a solution for reducing and solving problems which in the countryside the development of tourism means. The tourism contributes to the creation of new jobs, therefore increases the rural employment and also supports the local cultural and natural heritage. Because of the arriving tourists the range of services can be expanded that the locals can also enjoy. Furthermore local products can be sold locally, resulting in a shorter supply chain with all its benefits. Reducing unemployment, expanding services and incomes for the local people can help raise the living standards and maintain the rural way of life. In our study, we examined the touristic offers of Ópusztaszer, and in connection with this, we prepared a SWOT analysis to assess the local tourism potential.
Nasal irrigation and gargling with hypertonic saline to prevent transmission of Sars-CoV-2 to care home residents – a feasibility cluster trial
Authors: Buchanan R.M. , Ibrahim K. , Roberts H.C. , Stuart B. , Webley F. , Eminton Z. , Ball D. , Chinnery F. , Parkes J. , Wyatt J. , Daniels T.
Published: April 2021

Hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling (HSNIG) has the potential to reduce COVID 19 transmission. We present a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a future trial to test the effectiveness of HSNIG in care homes (CHs). Staff in the intervention CHs were invited to perform HSNIG whereas control CHs carried on with their routine protection procedures. The acceptability of HSNIG was explored via interviews and online surveys. Seven (21%) of contacted CHs participated but following randomisation three (43%) dropped out leaving two intervention CHs and two control CHs. Facilitators to uptake of HSNIG included motivated ‘champions’ and integration into routines. Barriers included a lack of ownership and perceptions of reduced risk from COVID-19. Recruiting and retaining CHs in this study was challenging. Although HSNIG was reported to be safe and acceptable by staff, further work is required to quantify and optimise its acceptability.
An Ecological Analysis of Quality Ratings and Inspections Associated with COVID-19 Outbreaks in Skilled Nursing Homes
Authors: Simon M.D. , Meshkat S.D. , Raja N.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: As COVID-19 spread across the United States, and most rapidly in skilled nursing homes, public health departments developed policies to mitigate the spread. Concerns grew over whether this spread linked to nursing home quality. Design: We collected data on nursing home quality, staffing, and COVID-19 cases from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services. Demographic data was sourced from Long Term Care Focus. Settings and Participants: The analysis used cross-sectional data from 1,025 California skilled nursing homes including quality ratings and confirmed COVID-19 cases between May 17, 2020 and August 23, 2020. Methods: The dependent variable was confirmed COVID-19 cases among residents. The primary independent variables were Overall Rating and Health Inspection Rating, while also including nursing home beds, patient race composition, ownership and geographic classification. Results: 5-Star Overall Rating, 5-Star Health Inspection Rating, and a lower count of health inspection deficiencies each predicted a lower likelihood of having a confirmed COVID resident case (p<.05). Conclusions and Implications: Skilled nursing homes with higher quality ratings and fewer health inspection deficiencies were less likely to have a confirmed case of COVID-19 among residents.
Uma abordagem alternativa para obtenção da classificação de solos da AASHTO usando redes neurais artificiais
Authors: De Souza Wana Maria , Alves Ribeiro Antonio Júnior , Da Silva Carlos Augusto Uchôa
Published: April 2021

A prospecção e análise preliminar de solos para identificar a sua tendência de comportamento como subleito através da classificação da AASHTO, gera custos iniciais altos aos projetos rodoviários, os quais, muitas vezes, oneram o seu valor final, tendo em vista que o custo da geotecnia em projetos rodoviários é estimado em 30% na média, no âmbito do Ceará. Uma forma de otimizar a identificação preliminar do comportamento do material seria muito positiva para área rodoviária. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um modelo de previsão da classificação da AASHTO de solos, por meio de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) do tipo Perceptron de Múltiplas Camadas (MLP). Para tanto, utilizou-se como variáveis explicativas os dados da classificação tátil-visual de solos, a qual possibilita verificar de forma expedita a granulometria e a cor do material. Assim, elaborou-se um banco de dados geotécnico com 1790 amostras extraídas de projetos rodoviários já executados no estado do Ceará. O modelo proposto apresentou uma taxa de acerto de 94,5%, na média das estimativas para a classificação da AASHTO e um erro da ordem de 0,04, considerando o quadrado médio dos erros (MSE).
Antecipação de mudança de regime na fatia diária de voos atrasados e cancelados no aeroporto internacional de São Paulo/Guarulhos
Authors: Teixeira Rosana Batista , Scarpel Rodrigo Arnaldo
Published: April 2021

Atrasos e cancelamentos de voos são ocorrências frequentes na maioria dos aeroportos em todo o mundo. No Brasil, a liberalização do transporte aéreo provocou a concentração de voos em alguns aeroportos gerando o aumento da ocorrência de atrasos e cancelamentos de voos em razão de dias congestionados. O Aeroporto Internacional de São pulo/Guarulhos (GRU) é um dos mais afetados por atrasos causados por congestionamento no país. O objetivo deste trabalho é a criação de um modelo de previsão para a antecipação da ocorrência de dias congestionados no Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo/Guarulhos.  A precisão do modelo foi considerada satisfatória e antecipou a mudança de regime na fatia diária de voos atrasados e cancelados para um período à frente.
Medidas para a promoção da bicicleta em São Paulo: uma análise Multicritério e Multiatores
Authors: Miranda Hellem de Freitas , Rodrigues da Silva Antônio Nélson , Geurs Karst T. , Grigolon Anna Beatriz
Published: April 2021

Esse estudo, cujo objetivo é identificar barreiras e incentivos para o uso da bicicleta na cidade de São Paulo, a partir da consulta a stakeholders e da adaptação de um método de análise multicritério e multiatores (MAMCA), envolveu planejadores e representantes de organizações não governamentais. Os resultados, obtidos por meio de workshops e consultas, mostraram que os atores envolvidos não possuíam leituras da realidade tão distintas entre si, embora o grupo de influenciadores tenha se mostrado mais crítico que o de planejadores. A infraestrutura cicloviária destacou-se como essencial para atrair ciclistas. A ausência de uma cultura da bicicleta também recebeu atenção. Contudo, mais significativo foi o fato de que o grupo de planejadores ignorou a importância da segurança de trânsito para o uso da bicicleta. Finalmente, a avaliação de cenários demonstrou que, para ambos os grupos, as medidas adotadas por São Paulo são pouco efetivas quando comparadas com outros casos.
PARALLEL MACHINE SCHEDULING WITH MONTE CARLO TREE SEARCH
Authors: Agárdi Anita , Nehéz Károly
Published: April 2021

In this article, a specific production scheduling problem (PSP), the Parallel Machine Scheduling Problem (PMSP) with Job and Machine Sequence Setup Times, Due Dates and Maintenance Times is presented. In this article after the introduction and literature review the mathematical model of the Parallel Machines Scheduling Problem with Job and Machine Sequence Setup Times, Due Dates and Maintenance Times is presented. After that the Monte Carlo Tree Search and Simulated Annealing are detailed. Our representation technique and its evaluation are also introduced. After that, the efficiency of the algorithms is tested with benchmark data, which result, that algorithms are suitable for solving production scheduling problems. In this article, after the literature review, a suitable mathematical model is presented. The problem is solved with a specific Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) algorithm, which uses a neighbourhood search method (2-opt). In the article, we present the efficiency of our Iterative Monte Carlo Tree Search (IMCTS) algorithm on randomly generated datasets.
A CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF A LIQUID METAL ALLOY IN A DISK-SHAPED MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CONVERSION SYSTEM
Authors: Ayeleso Ayokunle O. , Raji Atanda K.
Published: April 2021

The use of solar-heated liquid metal in a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) generator provides an alternative and direct conversion method for electric power generation. This prompted the present study to conduct a three-dimensional numerical analysis for a liquid Ga68In20Sn12 flow exposed to several uniform magnetic field intensities (Bo of 0.5 T, 1T and, 1.41 T) within a disk channel geometric boundary. The aim is to study the influence of the external magnetic fields on the generator performance and the fluid flow stability at a high Reynolds number (Re) and Hartmann number (Ha) using the Ansys Fluent software. The simulation results show that at Re of ≈ 2.44e6, the fluid velocity decreases inside the generator regardless of Bo. When Bo of 1T and 1.41T are applied, the velocity magnitude decreases and spreads within the disk channel and walls due to high Ha values (5874 and 8282). The fluid pressure increases from the nozzle pipe inlet to the disk channel and decreases towards the outlet. The induced current density in the radial direction, jx, increases within the disk channel and near the inner electrode edge as Bo increases. A significant observation is that the current densities obtained for Bo of 1T and 1.41T cases are higher than in other cases. The numerical analysis obtained in this study showed that the Bo of either 1T or 1.41T is needed to achieve the required flow stability, current density, and output powers.
DEPENDENCE OF THE VISCOSITY COEFFICIENT OF THE NIOSOMAL DISPERSION ON THE TEMPERATURE AND PARTICLE SIZE OF THE DISPERSED PHASE
Authors: Diskaeva Elena Igorevna , Vecher Olga Vladimirovna , Bazikov Igor Alexandrovich , Elbekyan Karine Sergeevna , Diskaeva Elena Nikolaevna
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the dependence of viscosity coefficient of niosomal dispersion based on PEG-12 Dimethicone on the temperature and size of niosomes vesicles. The experiments were carried out with niosomes, the average size of which varied from 85 to 125 nm. The temperature varied from 20 to 60 °C, the volume concentration varied from 1 to 10 %. The particle size was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with subsequent statistical data processing. This study showed that the viscosity of niosomal dispersions significantly depends on both the temperature and the size of niosomes vesicles. With increasing temperature, the viscosity of niosomal dispersions decreases and with increasing particle size, the viscosity increases.
A Study of Energy Efficiency in Flats, Case Study: The A-B-C Tower of Tambora Flats in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Laude Eugineus Rivado Victor , Firmandhani Satriya Wahyu
Published: April 2021

Flats are one of the government's solution to provide decent housing for low-income people. However, as mostly flats overlook energy efficiency aspects, residents must pay high rental and operational costs. Therefore, this paper aims to study the principles of green buildings, especially in the building envelope that can bear the operating costs of flats with the case study on the A-B-C Tower of Tambora Flats. The A-B-C Tower of Tambora Flats is one of the flats building in Jakarta that has rental cost issues. This study employed the EDGE application that provided energy saving values in the application of green building principles, such as building mass and orientation, wall and roof finishing materials, natural shading and ventilation elements. From these values, it was only the application of green building principles that was significant for the Tambora flats. The results of this study revealed that the optimization of natural ventilation for flats was still important and having a significant impact on energy savings
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Disiplin Dokter dalam Ketepatan Waktu Pelayanan Sesuai Standar Pelayanan Minimal (SPM) Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Tahun 2018
Authors: Isdiani Roosmalia , Sudiro Sudiro
Published: April 2021

Doctor discipline of on time outpatient service is one of the major complaint from the community as well as hospital management. Doctor presence in outpatient service still have not meet the requirement of minimal standard service which is at 08.00 a.m. Leadership style in hospital management has a great effect on enforcement of doctor discipline on time of outpatient service.Objective of this study is to identify leadership styles applied and which one is the most frequently used by the leader of RSUD K.R.M.T. Wongsonegoro which influenced doctor discipline on time service of outpatient service. This study is a qualitative study. Data collection was conducted using indeepthinterview of 3 (three) specialist doctors assigned as main informan and 3 (three) triangulated respondents, namely: hospital director, chief of medical services and head of outpatient sevices. Result of this study shows there are several leadership style applied: auotocratic, democratic, transactional and tranformasional. The most frequently used leadership style which influenced doctor discipline in time of outpatient service are: 1. Ttransformational in which the leader encourage, inspire and appreciate doctor, so the doctors implement policy from the hospital leader because they were appreciated, 2. Transactional in the form of reward and punishment so the doctors implement policy because they were expect reward if they carry out the task well.
Mengapa Program Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR) di Puskesmas Kota Magelang tidak Optimal?
Authors: Pujiastuti Ratna Nur , Sriatmi Ayun , Nandini Nurhasmadiar
Published: April 2021

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to a variety of health risks, especially about sexual promblems and reproductive health problems. The government develops adolenscent health programs in Indonesia by using the Adolenscent Friendly Health Service (PKPR) at the health care level. Adolescent health programs in 2019 at Magelang city has not achieved performance targets, so that it becomes attention to optimizing the PKPR program. This research is to find out cause the implementation of the PKPR program in Magelang Tengah health center which is not optimal with influencing factors. The method of research was qualitative with descriptive approach. The technique of collecting data was through in-depth interviews with subject sellection with purposive sampling criteria. Data analysis used content analysis. Analyzed variables were communication, resources, dispositions or attitudes, and bureaucratic structure. The results showed that implementation of PKPR in health center has not been optimal because have some constraints which influenced by several factors, such as the lack of communication between PKPR teams in coordinating scheduling activities, the understanding and clarity about PKPR program owned by officers was limited, the function of public service room in health center has not been optimal to provided service to adolescent, and monitoring and evaluation was limited. Therefore, it needs to communication and coordination was scheduled regularly so that has a good team management, and needs to monitoring and assessment of SNPKPR by Department of Health regularly in order to know the achievement and factors which influence the unoptimability of implementation PKPR program in the health center.
Imaginario colectivo popular como constructo del Programa de Mejoramiento Integral de Barrios, en Bogotá
Authors: Guerrero-Torrenegra Alejandro Jesús
Published: April 2021

Este artículo trata de develar la fragmentación ocasionada entre los Programas de Mejoramiento Integral de Barrios (PMIB) y el imaginario colectivo popular de los ocupantes de los asentamientos informales. El objetivo de esta investigación es interpretar la relación de los PMIB en Ciudad Bolívar, en Bogotá, D. C. (2012-2015) con el imaginario colectivo popular de los habitantes de dicha localidad, como constructo socioespacial. La aproximación metodológica está conformada por procesos sistemáticos apoyados en un método que pretende mostrar una radiografía de la complejidad de lo real en relación con el fenómeno socioespacial, desde un enfoque mixto, mediante la aplicación de métodos (fenomenológico y hermenéutico), con la perspectiva del pensamiento complejo, para establecer la dialéctica entre lo espacial, lo social y el Estado. Finalmente, se confirma que los PMIB generan un detrimento de las dimensiones sociales y espaciales que componen las especificidades fundacionales e históricas del barrio.
Bruno Schulz i muzyka. Exordium
Authors: Skrzypczyk Aleksandra
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to answer the question whether there are any connections between Bruno Schulz’s prose and the art of sounds, and how music is present in his prose. It is also the first recognition of this issue in his work, compiling the previous fragmentary opinions of scholars of Schulz’s work on this subject.
Muzeum, które nie może przetrwać. Wirtualne muzeum feministyczne a próby utrwalania kobiecej twórczości fanowskiej
Authors: Urbańczyk Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the history and the shape of contemporary fanfiction repositories. The notion of an archive – one that is often used to describe such spaces, and appears in their names – is contrasted with Griselda Pollock’s proposal of a virtual feminist museum. Though for decades there have been attempts at preserving fan fiction (mostly created by women, non-canonical and transgressive), the stories had been subjected to selection and censorship. With the disappearance of such practices, the repositories start to embody Pollock’s notion. At the same time, however, as the lack of censorship causes economic problems, the virtuality of such ‘museums’ no longer denotes their digital nature but their evanescence.
Resistance Training Recommendations for Children and Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes
Authors: Holmes Clifton J. , Granados Andrea
Published: April 2021

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most prevalent hereditary life-threatening disease in the Caucasian population. With the improvement in clinical care, individuals with CF are living longer, and CF-related diabetes (CFRD) has emerged as a major complication. The diagnosis of CFRD is associated with shortening survival, increasing morbidity, worsening physical capacity, and body composition. Engagement in exercise training has become a prominent nonpharmacologic intervention that aims to improve fitness and clinical outcomes in individuals with CF and CFRD. This column will specifically focus on the potential benefits of resistance training and provide recommendations for children and adolescents with CF and CFRD.
The Role of Strength and Conditioning in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Young Kaycie L. , Morris Brandon , Herda Trent J.
Published: April 2021

Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries sustained during sport or physical activity. Up to 40% of individuals can develop chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) after a lateral ankle sprain. CLAI occurs when functional or mechanical insufficiencies of the lateral ankle ligamentous complex persist. The purpose of this article is to identify characteristics of CLAI and describe strength and conditioning strategies that can be used to treat lateral ankle ligamentous injuries, preventing them from progressing on to CLAI (See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A306).
Silicon whisker pressure sensors for noise reduction in silencers
Authors: Druzhinin A. A. , Kutrakov A. P. , Zinko R. V.
Published: April 2021

The article contains the results of research and development of a system for active noise damping of an automobile engine. The main source of noise from a running engine is exhaust noise. The frequency spectrum of this sound has a pronounced low-frequency character, which explains its weak absorption when the sound is propagating in open spaces. A possible solution to this problem is to use an active system for suppressing the resonant frequencies of the muffler using strain gauges to read the primary information about the dynamic processes that determine the noise level.
It is for such active noise suppression systems that the authors develop a high-temperature pressure sensor based on strain gauges made of silicon whiskers. Such strain gauges have unique mechanical properties, are characterized by high sensitivity and the ability to operate in various amplitude-frequency and temperature ranges up to 500℃. The study of the dynamic characteristics of pressure sensors made it possible to confirm the quality of its electromechanical part and determine that the measurement error of the sensor is ±0.5 in the temperature range of 20 to 500℃.
The active noise suppression system is a buffer tank whose volume changes in accordance with signals from pressure sensors. This design makes it possible to dynamically change the resonant frequency of the buffer capacitance depending on the operating modes of the engine, which leads to a decrease in its noise characteristics.
Using the developed additional resonator chamber with a variable volume in the exhaust muffler of an internal combustion engine made it possible to reduce resonance phenomena in the zone of low-frequency pulsations of the exhaust gas pressure from 57 to 43 Hz with a frequency drift in the range of 310 to 350 Hz, which significantly improved its noise characteristics.
Methods of electrochemical energy storage control: classification and aspects of implementing
Authors: Plaksin S. V. , Zhytnyk M. Ya. , Levchenko R. Yu. , Ostapovska S. Ya.
Published: April 2021

When an electrochemical energy storage is used as part of an energy system, the influence of external factors significantly changes its basic parameters: its available capacity decreases, while its internal resistance and self-discharge increase, which reduces the lifespan of the storage and disrupts the normal functioning of the energy system as a whole. Improving the performance of the energy storage is an urgent challenge, and one way to address it is to efficiently monitor the storage’s status. The purpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of using electrochemical energy storages by choosing a proper control method according to operating conditions of the storage.
The conducted analytical overview of the existing methods of monitoring electrochemical energy storages allowed systematizing and classifying them by the controlled parameters. It is shown that if the storage operates in dynamic modes, such as buffer, starter or main energy source mode, when connecting high-power resistors, it is necessary to take into account such parameters as activation resistance and activation capacitance characterizing storage’s resistance capabilities and presenting valuable information for choosing the method of storage control. The paper demonstrates that in dynamic operation modes it is necessary to use impulse methods of storage control, which allow for efficient monitoring taking into account activation parameters. The authors offer practical recommendations on choosing a method of storage control depending on its operation mode. Pulse multistage potentiostatic and single-pulse galvanostatic control methods meet such requirements the most when the storage is operating in dynamic modes.
The preference is given to the single-pulse galvanostatic method developed by the authors, it being relatively simple to implement and sufficiently informative for practical purposes, which facilitates the automation of the control process. Experimental results on controlling the electrochemical energy storage operating in dynamic modes obtained using the method developed by the authors confirm its efficiency.
Assessment of assembly complexity of electronic units
Authors: Tynynyka A. N.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the complexity assessment of harvesting systems. The author considers peculiarities of assembly lines as production systems and the reasons for the constant growth of their complexity. Complex assembly systems are expensive to implement, run, control and maintain, while their complexity affects performance, quality and reliability. Thus, when designing any assembly system, one must look for compromises between its future operation features, its cost and its complexity. To do this, you need to be able to quantify the complexity.
This study made it possible to classify the methods of complexity analysis and propose a model that allows quantifying, to some extent, the complexity of the assembly of electronic units and can be used to work with complex multi-subject lines. The study considers the complexity indicators for the operator`s work. To numerically assess the complexity indicators, it is proposed to use the Likert scale.
It is assumed that further research should take into account the following issues. The assembly should be designed with consideration of the human factor and the interrelation of technological operations, tools and ergonomics. This is due to the fact that in manual and semi-automatic workplaces, the human operator plays the crucial part. The connection between ergonomics and complexity must be established using the utility function, methods of fuzzy logic, and computer experiments with a test dummy.
Police Escalation and the Motor Vehicle
Authors: Woods Jordan Blair
Published: April 2021

This article, prepared for the special issue on investigations, presents an original empirical analysis of the role of the motor vehicle in shaping how officers describe experiencing violence and perceiving danger during vehicle stops. Tens of millions of traffic stops occur every year, making vehicle stops the most common interaction that civilians have with law enforcement. Although traffic stops are commonly described as dangerous settings for police officers, little is known about how the motor vehicle itself shapes officer descriptions, perceptions, and experiences of danger and harm during these stops.

The presented findings make at least four key contributions to scholarship and policing law and policy. First, the findings inform unfolding criminal law reforms surrounding the policing and criminalization of traffic offenses, which are major sources of racial disparity in, and net-widening of, the criminal justice system today. Second, the findings prompt questions about whether and when legal actors, and especially actors that regulate the police, should defer to officer danger narratives involving motor vehicles. Third, the findings prompt novel questions about technology and the law, and more specifically, the ability of new motor vehicle technologies to help diffuse officer perceptions of danger that stem from motor vehicles. Fourth and finally, the findings illustrate a need to pay greater attention to the motor vehicle as a source of officer danger and harm in official policing data in order to accurately measure the risks and costs of policing during vehicle stops.
Analysis on Management’s Managerial Competence and Its Influence on Pos-PAUD Service Quality
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Sumarsono Raden Bambang , Desyanty Ellyn Sugeng , Asimiran Soaib Bin
Published: April 2021

Pos-PAUD is one form of non-formal PAUD unit as the development of Integrated Services Post (Posyandu) activities. Previous researches’ results state that Pos-PAUD service quality is far from what is expected since the village society-built institution has many limitations. Its management’s academic qualification and competence is not required as demanded by the law. This research aims at mapping Pos-PAUD management’s managerial competence and its influence on its institutional service quality. The research was conducted with a correlational quantitative research design. The research population was the Pos-PAUD management in Malang City of about 156 people. The research samples were 65 people determined based on the proportional random sampling technique. The data were collected using a questionnaire technique. The questionnaire validity was tested using Pearson’s Product Moment technique, while questionnaire reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha technique. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and regressive analysis techniques using SPPSS 23.00 for windows. The result of descriptive analysis shows that management’s managerial competence and institutional service quality are not maximal yet since there is unmet indicator. The hypothesis test result shows that Fcount is 162.407 (Sig F = 0.000). Ftable at significance level 5% is 3.14. Since Fcount > Ftable (162.407 > 3.14) and Sig F < 5% (0.000 < 0.05) thus Ho is rejected, which means that management’s managerial competence significantly influences Pos-PAUD service quality. This research result may be taken as the base to design Pos-PAUD management’s competence building activity that is currently seldom performed and as the base of development of Pos-PAUD service quality improvement model.
Challenges in the functional diagnosis of thyroid nodules before surgery for TSH-producing pituitary adenoma
Authors: Tatsushima Keita , Takeshita Akira , Fukata Shuji , Fukuhara Noriaki , Yamaguchi-Okada Mitsuo , Nishioka Hiroshi , Takeuchi Yasuhiro
Published: April 2021

A 50-year-old woman with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing pituitary adenoma (TSHoma) was diagnosed due to symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. Preoperatively, she showed thyrotoxicosis with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH (SITSH) and had a 5 cm nodule in her thyroid gland. Octreotide was administered preoperatively, which helped lower her serum TSH level but not her thyroid hormone level. These findings were atypical for a patient with TSHoma. The TSHoma was completely resected, and the TSH level dropped below the sensitivity limit shortly after surgery. Interestingly, however, thyroid hormone levels remained high. A clear clue to the aetiology was provided by consecutive thyroid scintigraphy. Although preoperative thyroid scintigraphy did not show a hot nodule and the mass was thought to be a non-functional thyroid nodule, the nodule was found to be hot in the postoperative phase of TSH suppression. By focusing on the atypical postoperative course of the TSHoma, we were able to conclude that this was a case of TSHoma combined with an autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN).

Learning points

The diagnosis of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) depends on suppressed serum TSH levels.

If thyroid hormones are resistant to somatostatin analogue therapy or surgery for TSHoma, complications of AFTN as well as destructive thyroiditis need to be considered.

It is important to revisit the basics when facing diagnostic difficulties and not to give up on understanding the pathology.
Regional Cooperation Action of Poverty Alleviation by Education in China: Documentary of Pairing Assistance Action in Changxing County, Zhejiang Province
Authors: Wu Jianguo , Qin Baocan
Published: April 2021

Poverty alleviation by education is the soul of reshaping the development of impoverished areas. In the implementation of poverty alleviation, the collaborative model of impoverished areas driven by developed regions is essential for China’s poverty alleviation work. In 2016, Changxing County, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and Zhijin County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, established a counterpart support relationship. According to Zhijin County’s education assistance needs, Changxing County has gathered its strength to implement management input, demonstration guidance, and training guidance for its weak schools. With vocational education as the starting point, Zhijin County has been “remodeled” and “implanted” education assistance and has achieved a win-win situation. This article takes the education counterpart support activities of Changxing County and Zhijin County as an example to explore the path and methods of regional education assistance in China under the vision of collaboration.
Hopf-zero bifurcation of the ring unidirectionally coupled Toda oscillators with delay
Authors: Su Rina , Zhang Chunrui
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the Hopf-zero bifurcation of the ring unidirectionally coupled Toda oscillators with delay was explored. First, the conditions of the occurrence of Hopf-zero bifurcation were obtained by analyzing the distribution of eigenvalues in correspondence to linearization. Second, the stability of Hopf-zero bifurcation periodic solutions was determined based on the discussion of the normal form of the system, and some numerical simulations were employed to illustrate the results of this study. Lastly, the normal form of the system on the center manifold was derived by using the center manifold theorem and normal form method.
A fractional q-difference equation eigenvalue problem with p(t)-Laplacian operator
Authors: Zhai Chengbo , Ren Jing
Published: April 2021

This article is devoted to studying a nonhomogeneous boundary value problem involving Stieltjes integral for a more general form of the fractional q-difference equation with p(t)-Laplacian operator. Here p(t)-Laplacian operator is nonstandard growth, which has been used more widely than the constant growth operator. By using fixed point theorems of  φ – (h, e)-concave operators some conditions, which guarantee the existence of a unique positive solution, are derived. Moreover, we can construct an iterative scheme to approximate the unique solution. At last, two examples are given to illustrate the validity of our theoretical results.
Group testing: Revisiting the ideas
Authors: Skorniakov Viktor , Leipus Remigijus , Juzeliūnas Gediminas , Staliūnas Kęstutis
Published: April 2021

The task of identification of randomly scattered “bad” items in a fixed set of objects is a frequent one, and there are many ways to deal with it. “Group testing” (GT) refers to the testing strategy aiming to effectively replace the inspection of single objects by the inspection of groups spanning more than one object. First announced by Dorfman in 1943, the methodology has underwent vigorous development, and though many related research still take place, the ground ideas remain the same. In the present paper, we revisit two classical GT algorithms: the Dorfman’s algorithm and the halving algorithm. Our fresh treatment of the latter and expository comparison of the two is devoted to dissemination of GT ideas, which are so important in the current COVID-19 induced pandemic situation.
Про вплив скінченних початкових деформацій на поверхневу нестійкість нестисливого пружного шару, що взаємодіє з півпростором в'язкої стисливої рідини
Authors: Багно О.М.
Published: April 2021

Розглядається задача про поширення квазілембових хвиль у попередньо деформованому нестисливому пруж-ному шарі, що взаємодіє з півпростором в'язкої стисливої рідини. Дослідження проводиться на основі три-вимірних лінеаризованих рівнянь теорії пружності скінченних деформацій для нестисливого пружногоша ру і тривимірних лінеаризованих рівнянь Нав’є—Стокса для півпростору в'язкої стисливої рідини. За-стосовуються постановка задачі та підхід, засновані на використанні представлень загальних розв’язківлінеаризованих рівнянь для пружного тіла і рідини. Отримано дисперсійне рівняння, яке описує поширеннянормальних хвиль у гідропружній системі. Побудовано дисперсійні криві квазілембових хвиль у широкомудіапазоні частот. Проаналізовано вплив скінченних початкових деформацій у нестисливому пружномуша рі, а також півпростору в'язкої рідини на фазові швидкості, коефіцієнти загасання, дисперсію квазі ле-мбових мод і поверхневу нестійкість гідропружного хвилеводу. Числові результати представлені у виглядіграфіків і дано їх аналіз.
Мас-спектрометричний аналіз олігорибонуклеотидів сумарної дріжджової РНК
Authors: Ткачук З.Ю. , Левченко С.М.
Published: April 2021

Досліджено олігорибонуклеотидний склад сумарної дріжджової РНК, що входить до складу противірусно- го препарату широкого спектра дії Нуклекс. Для аналізу природних рибонуклеотидів використано методи рідинної хроматографії та мас-спектрометрії MALDI-Tof-Tof. У складі сумарної дріжджової РНК вста- новлено три основні фракції: перша — від 2 до 4 нуклеотидів, друга — від 4 до 7, третя — від 10 до 15. Зробле- но висновок, що досліджувана РНК містить олігорибонуклеотиди різної довжини, а саме від 4 до 15 ланок.
КИЇВСЬКІ АДРЕСИ ВОЛОДИМИРА ПРАВДИЧА-НЕМІНСЬКОГО
Authors: Болдирєв Олексій
Published: April 2021

Біографія українського нейробіолога та фізіолога професора Володимира Правдича-Немінського (1879–1952), якому належить світовий пріоритет у вивченні електроенцефалограми ссавців, є малодослідженою. Історіографічний огляд демонструє низьку увагу дослідників до особистого життя науковця, що пов’язано з його арештом, засланням і подальшими репресіями з боку радянських органів державної безпеки. У рамках цієї розвідки вдалося зібрати та опрацювати найповніший матеріал щодо київського періоду його життя (1879–1929). Досліджено адреси в Києві, за якими мешкав або перебував Правдич-Немінський: будинки у власності його батьків, орендовані та службові квартири, установи, де він навчався чи працював. Уперше описано його родинне коло – це батьки Володимир та Анна, дядько Микола, брат Павло. Також виявлено невідомі раніше факти його особистого життя, зокрема щодо одруження 1906 чи 1907 р. з Анною Людвигівною, зміни прізвища, таємного шлюбу й смерті його другої доньки, родинного побуту. Досліджено коло знайомих Правдича-Немінського в Київському політехнічному інституті й Всеукраїнській академії наук. Важливим джерелом для дослідження біографії є виявлена та опрацьована архівно-кримінальна справа 1929 року, за якою його було репресовано. Поставлено питання про необхідність збереження історичної пам’яті про непересічного науковця й киянина.
ЧОКОЛІВКА ЯК ПРОСТІР ПАМ’ЯТІ: ЗАБУТІ ШІСТДЕСЯТНИКИ В ДЕКОРАЦІЯХ «РАДЯНСЬКОЇ МРІЇ»
Authors: Довгань Світлана
Published: April 2021

Чоколівка є унікальною частиною міського простору Києва. У другій половині 1960-х рр. вона зазнала активних трансформацій, перетворюючись із рустикальної околиці на прогресивну частину Києва. Під час масового житлового будівництва тут з’явився перший в УРСР житловий масив. Зрештою Чоколівка стала втіленням «радянської мрії»: як для зовнішніх спостерігачів, коли через чоколівські новобудови було прокладено екскурсійний маршрут для американських журналістів, так і для радянських громадян, які щиро раділи появі власної, окремої квартири.  

В одній із чоколівських «хрущовок» 1960 р. оселилися Іван і Леоніда Світличні, помешкання яких стало «епіцентром українського шістдесятництва». У середині 1960-х рр. на Чоколівці замешкав також Іван Дзюба. Для Віктора Могильного масове житлове будівництво, навпаки, обернулося безальтернативним переїздом.

Для згаданих шістдесятників Чоколівка була місцем перебігу (не)нормального радянського повсякдення: зі щоденними походами в гастроном, з одного боку, та систематичними обшуками, арештами, з іншого. У статті розглянуто історію району у його сплетінні з особистими історіями шістдесятників та окреслено, як Чоколівка «(не)пам’ятає» про шістдесятницький вимір своїй історії.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ МІСТ ЯК ЦЕНТРІВ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: Савчук Іван
Published: April 2021

Розкрито географічні особливості ролі міст як центрів адміністративного управління в Україні. Показано їх значення у структурі адміністративно-територіального устрою держави. З географічних позицій проаналізовано основні проблеми управління містами. Наведено приклади невідповідності потреб сучасного суспільства та адміністративного статусу і складу окремих міських рад. Окреслено основні напрями вдосконалення сучасної ієрархії адміністративно-територіального устрою України у контексті проведення адміністративної реформи у рамках євроінтеграції.
Світлої пам’яті академіка НАН України Петра Феодосійовича Гожика
Authors: Пономаренко Олександр Миколайович , Лялько Вадим Іванович , Шехунова Стелла Борисівна , Попов Михайло Олексійович
Published: April 2021

Статтю присвячено пам’яті видатного українського вченого в галузі палеонтології, стратиграфії, морської геології, лауреата Державних премій України в галузі науки і техніки (1989, 2000), заслуженого діяча науки і техніки України (1997), лауреата премії ім. П.А. Тутковського НАН України (2008), директора Інституту геологічних наук НАН України (1997–2020), президента Палеонтологічного товариства України, голови Національного стратиграфічного комітету України, ініціатора створення і першого директора Національного антарктичного наукового центру (тоді — Центру антарктичних досліджень НАН України), доктора геолого-мінералогічних наук (1993), професора (2008), академіка НАН України (2006) Петра Феодосійовича Гожика.