bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registration of an ICP Plasma CV Dependences under Various Pressures in the Plasma-Chemical Deep Etching System
Authors: Iankevich Gleb A.
Published: September 2019

The Langmuir probe plasma parameters diagnostics method was studied based on the ICP plasma chemical processing system. Single Langmuir probe with high-frequency compensation system and the special electrical circuit was designed and constructed. CV dependences in various working pressures were registered.
Influence of Se on Properties of As-S-Se-I Glass for Immersion Mid-IR Leds Lenses
Authors: Dronova Margarita G. , Osipov Artem
Published: September 2019

The study of glass components influence on the physical and chemical properties of As–S–Se–I glasses has the potential to help design glasses with the required properties. A change of certain glass properties upon the introduction of selenium into AsSI glass was demonstrated. Non-stoichiometric compounds along the As2S3-AsI3-Se diagram section were investigated by differential thermal analysis, ultrasonic measurements, dilatometric measurements. It has been shown that the introduction of selenium decreases the glass solubility in water. Change in the glass properties with the change in the short-range structure studied by Raman spectroscopy was shown. These glasses can be used for creation of immersion lenses and optical adhesives which change radiation characteristics of mid-IR LEDs.
Bi-Activated Glasses and their Potential Covering Spectral Region as Active Media for Tunable near Infrared Lasers
Authors: Fedorov Yurii , Aseev Vladimir , Tuzova Iuliia , Klinkov Victor
Published: September 2019

To obtain the near infrared luminescence Bi-activated phosphate-aluminum-natrium glasses were synthesized and treated under reduction conditions. The reduction conditions were achieved by different methods: treatment in graphite atmosphere, hydrogen atmosphere, and X-ray irradiation. The spectral-luminescent properties of glass samples were measured and analyzed. Bi-activated phosphate-aluminum-natrium glasses after reduction treatment have shown wide near infrared luminescence with two peaks at the telecommunication windows region. The nature of the luminescent centers in Bi-activated phosphate-aluminum-natrium glasses are discussed. The spectral-luminescent properties of synthesized glasses were studied at the context of Bi-activated glass as the active media for tunable near infrared lasers operating in 1050-1500 nm region. The demonstrated properties of Bi-activated phosphate-aluminum-natrium glass are promising to fill the gap in near infrared lasers operating range.
Analysis of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression, Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, and Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Simonetti Sara , Dominguez Nuria , Elguezabal Analia , Pepe Francesco , Nacchio Mariantonia , Conticelli Floriana , Malapelle Umberto , Troncone Giancarlo , Sanchez Lidia , Guardia Xavier , Nuciforo Paolo , Insabato Luigi
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is a rare and aggressive subtype of invasive ductal carcinomas, associated with poor prognosis and without a well-established treatment. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and microsatellite instability have recently been linked to susceptibility to immunotherapies against PD-1/PD-L1 axis. No exhaustive data is available on the status of these predictive markers in IMPCs of the breast. The aim of our study is to analyze PD-L1 expression, stromal TIL (sTIL), and mismatch repair (MMR) gene status in IMPCs of the breast, to extend the therapeutic possibilities of these rare aggressive tumors. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven cases of IMPCs diagnosed in two European institutions between 2003 and 2017 with detailed clinical and pathologic data were analyzed. sTILs were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. MMR deficiency was tested by either immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) or capillary electrophoresis for microsatellite instability using a standardized panel of five loci (Bat25, Bat26, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250). For PD-L1, expression in both tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) was determined using the antibody clone SP263. Results: The median sTILs was 3% (mean: 6%, range: 0–40). Thirty-one cases (84%) showed ≤10% of sTILs and only one case had 40% of sTILs. Higher median TILs were more frequently observed in lymph node metastases. PD-L1 expression (≥1%) was observed in 4 (11%) and 14 (38%) cases in TCs and ICs, respectively. None of the tumors showed PD-L1 expression in >1% of TCs. Only three cases showed expression in >10% of ICs. All cases were microsatellite stable by either IHC or polymerase chain reaction analyses. Conclusions: IMPCs of the breast are microsatellite-stable and immune desert tumors with low PD-L1 expression, thus arguing against the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in these patients. Active immunotherapy strategies attempting to stimulate self-immune system to attack tumor are needed.
Los niños en la antigua ciudad de Teotihuacán (150 a.C. – 650 d.C.): un primer acercamiento
Authors: Pérez Trejo Hugo
Published: September 2019

Los niños como actores sociales activos en cualquier grupo social representan no sólo la transición generacional, sino la reproducción de la cultura de la cual forman parte. En términos arqueológicos, estos actores también son participes de la formación del registro, y aunque desde lo teórico-metodológico las propuestas siguen en construcción, existen vías que nos dan la posibilidad de tener ciertas aproximaciones a la hora de “visibilizarlos”, como es el caso de los restos óseos y sus respectivos elementos asociados en lo que se considera como ofrendas, así como en las fuentes históricas, en donde dicha información ha servido como guía en esta tarea.

Para el caso específico de Teotihuacán también existen dificultades a la hora de evidenciar el registro arqueológico relacionado con los niños, ya que a pesar de la inmensa cantidad de trabajos que se han desarrollado sobre la urbe a lo largo de más de un siglo, los niños no han sido un tema que haya generado gran preocupación. Por ello, lo que aquí se pretende hacer es un primer acercamiento general a esta temática, partiendo de la revisión de la información existente a través de libros, informes de excavaciones, artículos y otras fuentes, para con ello poder saber más sobre ese sector poblacional en una de las ciudades prehispánicas de mayor relevancia en México, tanto del pasado como en la actualidad.
Milpa intercalada con árboles frutales para la resiliencia al cambio climático, la sustentabilidad ambiental y la seguridad alimentaria en Nicaragua
Authors: Rojas Meza Jairo
Published: September 2019

En este escrito se propone el diseño del sistema Milpa Intercalada con Árboles Frutales (MIAF) para transformar el actual modelo de milpa, integrada principalmente por los rubros maíz y frijol. En Nicaragua se sembraron en el ciclo productivo 2018-2019 más de 900 000 manzanas (632 447 ha) de estos rubros, que, a pesar de sus bajos rendimientos, producen lo suficiente para el consumo nacional y en el caso del frijol más de un millón de quintales de excedente, para abastecer los mercados, especialmente de Centroamérica. Sin embargo, este modelo productivo presenta síntomas de agotamiento, especialmente por la pérdida de la fertilidad de los suelos, generada por la erosión y una baja capacidad de ciclaje de nutrientes, así como la vulnerabilidad frente al fenómeno del cambio climático. Se argumenta que el modelo MIAF aplica ciertos principios de la agroecología, los cuales pueden ser mejorados mediante los criterios de biodiversidad funcional y ensamblajes apropiados, aprovechando las sinergias y las posibilidades que brinda la restitución de los equilibrios ecológicos en el sistema. La difusión del sistema MIAF requiere procesos de investigación participativa, que permita comprender las combinaciones de biodiversidad más apropiadas; la dinámica y el manejo de plagas y enfermedades utilizando estrategias agroecológicas integradas; los tipos de podas que mejor responden a los objetivos del sistema, así como el monitoreo de la evolución de los principales indicadores socio productivos.
Effect of Mechanical Vibrations During Transport Operations of Nilo Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Rebouças P. M. , Almeida J. S. , Paula W. I. S. , Rocha R. S. , Almeida S. A. A. , Barbosa-Filho J. A. D. , Rebouças-Filho P. P.
Published: September 2019

Oscillatory movements present in the transport of live fish may compromise the physiological stability and the future performance of the animals. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of mechanical vibrations in the transport of Nile tilapia through vibration levels and shocks occurred in transport boxes previously installed in a truck. The research was carried out in a fish farming integrating company in the state of Ceará, Brazil, with the monitoring of 5 live fish loads. The transport truck used was of the open type, with capacity for five boxes of fiberglass with a useful volume of 2400 L, density of 236 kg m-3. The data were recorded through five dataloggers, to monitor the vibration level (m s-2) and the occurrence and amplitude of mechanical shocks on the roads. Hematological, metabolic and ionic responses of fish were evaluated as well as visual observations of physical injuries. The most intense shocks occurred with the truck between 60 and 80 km h-1, with vibrations 1.151 m s-2 in the transport box, as well as in the water 0.489 m s-2. Larger vibration levels occurred on the asphalt road, with an average value of 1.13 m s-2, while on the dirt road they registered an average of 0.57 m s-2. Vibratory and mechanical stimuli presented secondary responses to blood level stress with alterations in glycemia, hematocrit, hemoglobin and magnesium ions. Physical lesions with 34% severe and 21% moderate, showed an uncomfortable environmental condition to fish.
Concepts and Quality Considerations in Unani System of Medicine
Authors: Parveen Abida , Parveen Rabea , Akhatar Asim , Parveen Bushra , Siddiqui Khalid M , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: September 2019

Unani medicine, based largely on herbs, is practiced as a traditional system of medicine in the Indian subcontinent. It owes its origination to the Greek philosopher Hippocrates (460–377 BC) and his associates. However, it progressed and got established under the patronage of Persian and Arab empires and later came to the Indian sub-continent around the middle of the 14th century. Unani scholars have been of the view that every person has their own distinct temperament constituted from four basic humoral combinations. Temperament of an individual is supposed to be influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as age and mental status of individual, local climate, and environmental conditions, etc. Treatment is applied through dietotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy consonant with the patient’s temperament. Unani medicine believes in health promotion and manages the disease through various modes of treatment such as regimental therapy, dietotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. A variety of clinical studies have shown that Unani medicines are effective with minimal side effects. Standardization, quality control, and toxicity profiling of many herbal drugs and the validation of formulations mentioned in the Unani Pharmacopeia of India have been accomplished in the recent past. Despite the mounting benefits of this system in the management of human health, it remains under-utilized. This article elucidates the basic concepts and a brief history of Unani medicine and summarizes information about its quality control, as well as its contribution to the health sector in India.
Efficacy of Paclitaxel plus TS1 against previously treatedEGFRmutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tseng Yen-Han , Shih Jen-Fu , Chao Heng-Sheng , Chen Yuh-Min
Published: September 2019

Background

Later line chemotherapy (≥2nd lines) such as Docetaxel or immunotherapy is frequently used. As the life expectancy of lung cancer patients is getting longer, we need to provide more treatment options. Other treatment options are not well documented except for Doxetaxel and immunotherapy. Therefore, the efficacy of paclitaxel plus TS1 (TTS1) is warranted.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the chart records of our non-small cell lung cancer patients who were treated between 2010 and 2013. Clinical characteristics, type of tumor, EGFR mutation status, and treatment response to first-line EGFR-TKI therapy and efficacy of TTS1, were collected.

Results

Twenty eight patients were enrolled in this study. No patients archived complete response and seven patients had partial response (ORR: 25%). The disease control rate was 60.7% (17/28). The progression free survival (PFS) was 4.0 months and overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months. Of them, 17 had EGFR mutations, eightEGFRwild type, and three were unknown EGFR status. After TTS1 treatment, patients withEGFRmutations had better PFS (4.9 months vs. 1.8 months) and OS (15.5 months vs. 7.2 months) compared with those ofEGFRwild type.

Conclusions

TTS1 are effective later line chemotherapy, especially in tumorEGFRmutated patients. Paclitaxel plus TS1 is another treatment of choice for NSCLC patients before a more effective treatment strategy is found.
Cationic Copolymer‐Chaperoned 2D–3D Reversible Conversion of Lipid Membranes
Authors: Shimada Naohiko , Kinoshita Hirotaka , Umegae Takuma , Azumai Satomi , Kume Nozomi , Ochiai Takuro , Takenaka Tomoka , Sakamoto Wakako , Yamada Takayoshi , Furuta Tadaomi , Masuda Tsukuru , Sakurai Minoru , Higuchi Hideo , Maruyama Atsushi
Published: September 2019

Nanosheets have thicknesses on the order of nanometers and planar dimensions in the micrometer range. Nanomaterials that are capable of converting reversibly between 2D nanosheets and 3D structures in response to specific triggers can enable construction of nanodevices. Supra‐molecular lipid nanosheets and their triggered conversions to 3D structures including vesicles and cups are reported. They are produced from lipid vesicles upon addition of amphiphilic peptides and cationic copolymers that act as peptide chaperones. By regulation of the chaperoning activity of the copolymer, 2D to 3D conversions are reversibly triggered, allowing tuning of lipid bilayer structures and functionalities.
Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity in China: Results from a Cross‐Sectional Study of Nearly Half a Million Participants
Authors: Zhang Linfeng , Wang Zengwu , Wang Xin , Chen Zuo , Shao Lan , Tian Ye , Dong Ying , Zheng Congyi , Li Suning , Zhu Manlu , Gao Runlin ,   for the China Hypertension Survey investigators
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study aimed to examine the latest prevalence of abdominal obesity in China based on nationally representative data.

Methods

A stratified, multistage, random sampling method was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of residents aged ≥ 18 years from 31 provinces in mainland China from October 2012 to December 2015. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and a waist circumference ≥ 85 cm for women.

Results

The data of 441,306 participants were analyzed. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 29.1% (28.6% in men and 29.6% in women); the number of adults with abdominal obesity was estimated to be 277.8 million (approximately 140.1 million in men and 137.7 million in women). The prevalence of abdominal obesity varied considerably among provinces. In general, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in the northern, lower in the southern, higher in the western, and lower in the eastern areas of China. Besides the regional disparities, the prevalence of abdominal obesity varied greatly among different population subgroups.

Conclusions

Abdominal obesity is highly prevalent among Chinese adults. National and provincial obesity control and prevention strategies should be public health priorities in China. To better control obesity, the underlying reasons for the regional disparities need to be addressed.
Radiation‐activated prosurvival signaling pathways in cancer cells
Authors: Ouellette Michel M. , Yan Ying
Published: September 2019

Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for local disease control of solid tumors. Although radiation therapy has significantly improved the overall survival and quality of life of cancer patients, its efficacy has been limited by the development of radiation resistance and the presence of residual disease after therapy, leading to cancer recurrence. Radiation induces cytotoxicity in cancer cells, mainly by causing DNA damage. However, concurrently radiation can also activate multiple protective signaling pathways, such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated/ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3‐related protein, phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and nuclear factor‐κB, which promote cell cycle checkpoint activation, leading to cell cycle arrest/DNA repair and inhibition of apoptosis. Conjointly, these signaling pathways protect cancer cells by reducing the magnitude of radiation‐induced cytotoxicity and promoting radioresistance of cancer cells. Thus, targeting these prosurvival pathways could have great potential for sensitizing cancer cells to radiation therapy. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on the radiation‐activated prosurvival signaling pathways that promote radioresistance.
Chalcogen (S/Se) Ligated Palladium(II) Complexes of Bulky Ligands: Application in O‐Arylation of Phenol
Authors: Arora Aayushi , Oswal Preeti , Rao Gyandshwar K. , Kaushal Jolly , Kumar Sushil , Singh Ajai K. , Kumar Arun
Published: September 2019

Two N‐pyrene based ligands L1 (1‐pyrene‐CH=N(CH2)2‐SPh) and L2 (1‐pyrene‐CH=N(CH2)2‐SePh) with an imine functionality and a chalcogen donor have been synthesized and characterized using 1H as well as 13C NMR spectral techniques. Palladium(II) complexes (1; PdCl2−ĸ2−L1 and 2; PdCl2−ĸ2−L2) of L1 and L2 have been prepared, isolated and characterized using NMR and single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The geometry around Pd is nearly square planar in these complexes and ligands are coordinated to the metal centre in a bidentate (S/Se, N) mode. The molecular complexes 1 and 2 have been explored as potential catalysts in O−arylation reaction between substituted aryl halides and phenol. Both the complexes showed excellent efficiency towards this coupling and a TON of 990 (maximum TOF 310) has been achieved using 0.1 mol% of catalyst 2. The effect of the nature of chalcogen donor atom (S/Se) on catalytic efficiency of the complexes has been observed as selenium congener was more efficient than sulphur counterpart.
What Empirically Based Research Tells Us About Game Development
Authors: Berg Marklund Björn , Engström Henrik , Hellkvist Marcus , Backlund Per
Published: September 2019

This paper reviews empirically grounded research on practices in game development with the intent to give a comprehensive overview of contemporary development practices used in the video game industry. While there are many intangible elements that inform game development processes, this review specifically covers the more immediate practical challenges. The review covers a total of 48 papers published between 2006 and 2016, which were all subjected to thematic analysis by three reviewers. The results of the review show that an almost universal characteristic of game development is that it is almost impossible to accurately plan a development project in detail, largely due to the soft requirements inherent in game production which emerge mid-process during development projects, during when testing is coupled with continuous ideation and refinement. Practicing game developers have created their own frameworks that accommodate for this lack of planning. They include flat hierarchies, democratic decision-making, creative autonomy, and informal communication, which are designed to create an environment that maintains creativity and openness to product changes long into the production process. These frameworks vary significantly between studios and often between individual projects. This review also shows that the term ‘Agile’, while often used by both researchers and developers to characterize the process of game development, is not an apt descriptor of how game developers actually work. Agile is used as shorthand for unstructured and flexible development, rather than serving as a descriptor of a definable or unified work method. Finally, as companies develop more complicated hierarchies of stakeholders and staff, the desired flexibility and autonomy of game development becomes increasingly complicated to maintain, and often necessitates more formalized management processes and company structures. In these cases, inherent tensions of game development become more pronounced, and continuous creativity is hard to maintain due to a growing need to formalize processes.
The Blue Wave: Assessing Political Advertising Trends and Democratic Advantages in 2018
Authors: Fowler Erika Franklin , Franz Michael M. , Ridout Travis N.
Published: September 2019

This research offers a post-mortem on political advertising in 2018, providing important context for 2018’s “blue wave.” In a majority of US House of Representatives races, there were more pro-Democratic than pro-Republican ads, including in the most competitive contests. The one theme that united pro-Democratic advertising was health care, which was mentioned in nearly three of every five Democratic ads in the fall campaign. Contrary to the narrative that television is declining, a record number of television ads aired in the 2018 midterms, whereas digital spending still constituted a small percentage of overall advertising spending for most candidate campaigns. Finally, there was a healthy volume of outside-group spending in 2018, with “dark-money” groups increasing their involvement—especially in support of Democratic candidates.
Musical Borrowing in Sonification
Authors: Bonet Núria
Published: September 2019

Sonification presents some challenges in communicating information, particularly because of the large difference between possible data to sound mappings and cognitively valid mappings. It is an information transmission process which can be described through the Shannon-Weaver Theory of Mathematical Communication. Musical borrowing is proposed as a method in sonification which can aid the information transmission process as the composer’s and listener’s shared musical knowledge is used. This article describes the compositional process of Wasgiischwashäsch (2017) which uses Rossini’s William Tell Overture (1829) to sonify datasets relating to climate change in Switzerland. It concludes that the familiarity of audiences with the original piece, and the humorous effect produced by the distortion of a well-known piece, contribute to a more effective transmission process.
Tank contamination with dicamba and 2,4-D influences dry edible bean
Authors: Bales Scott R. , Sprague Christy L.
Published: September 2019

The occurrence of herbicide tank contamination with dicamba or 2,4-D will likely increase with the recent commercialization of dicamba- and 2,4-D-resistant soybean. High-value sensitive crops, including dry bean, will be at higher risks for exposure. In 2017 and 2018, two separate field experiments were conducted in Michigan to understand how multiple factors may influence dry bean response to dicamba and 2,4-D herbicides, including 1) the interaction between herbicides applied POST to dry bean and dicamba or 2,4-D, and 2) the impact of low rates of glyphosate with dicamba or 2,4-D. Dry bean injury was 20% and 2% from POST applications of dicamba (5.6 h ae ha−1) and 2,4-D (11.2 g ae ha−1), respectively, 14 days after treatment (DAT). The addition of glyphosate (8.4 g ae ha−1) did not increase dry bean injury from dicamba or 2,4-D. Over 2 site-years the addition of dry bean herbicides to dicamba or dicamba + glyphosate (8.4 g ae ha−1) increased dry bean injury and reduced yield by 6% to 10% more than when dicamba or dicamba + glyphosate was applied alone. The interaction between 2,4-D (11.2 g ae ha−1) and dry bean herbicides was determined to be synergistic. However, 2,4-D (11.2 g ae ha−1) had little effect on dry bean with or without the addition of a dry bean herbicide program. These studies document that synergy also occurs between dicamba and dicamba + glyphosate and both common dry bean herbicide programs tested: 1) imazamox (35 g ha−1) + bentazon (560 g ha−1), and 2) fomesafen (280 g ha−1). The synergy between dry bean herbicide and dicamba and dicamba + glyphosate can increase plant injury, delay maturity, and reduce yield to a greater extent than dicamba or dicamba + glyphosate alone. This work emphasizes the need to properly clean out sprayers after applications of dicamba to reduce the risk of exposure to other crops.
Longitudinal RNA-Seq analysis of acute and chronic neurogenic skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: Ehmsen Jeffrey T. , Kawaguchi Riki , Mi Ruifa , Coppola Giovanni , Höke Ahmet
Published: September 2019

Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue capable of changes in size, contractility, and metabolism according to functional demands. Atrophy is a decline in mass and strength caused by pathologic loss of myofibrillar proteins, and can result from disuse, aging, or denervation caused by injury or peripheral nerve disorders. We provide a high-quality longitudinal RNA-Seq dataset of skeletal muscle from a cohort of adult C57BL/6J male mice subjected to tibial nerve denervation for 0 (baseline), 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, or 90 days. Using an unbiased genomics approach to identify gene expression changes across the entire longitudinal course of muscle atrophy affords the opportunity to (1) establish acute responses to denervation, (2) detect pathways that mediate rapid loss of muscle mass within the first week after denervation, and (3) capture the molecular phenotype of chronically atrophied muscle at a stage when it is largely resistant to recovery.
S-Glutathionylated Serine Proteinase Inhibitors as Biomarkers for Radiation Exposure in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Zhang Jie , Ye Zhiwei , Manevich Yefim , Townsend Danyelle M. , Marshall David T. , Tew Kenneth D.
Published: September 2019

In biological tissues, radiation causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), some of which lead to sequential oxidation of certain protein cysteine residues. Resultant cysteinyl radicals are subject to post-translational modification through S-glutathionylation. The present clinical trial was designed to determine if S-glutathionylated serine protease inhibitors (serpins) in blood could be used as biomarkers of exposure to radiation. 56 male prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy were enrolled in the trial and levels of S-glutathionylated serpins A1 and A3 were assessed by immunoblotting. Patients were classified into three groups: (1) external beam radiation therapy (EBRT); (2) brachytherapy (BT); (3) both EBRT and BT. Prior to treatment, baseline plasma levels of both unmodified and S-glutathionylated serpins were similar in each group. We identified elevated plasma levels of S-glutathionylated serpin A1 monomer, trimer and serpin A3 monomer in patient blood following radiation. Maximal increased levels of these S-glutathionylated serpins were correlated with increased duration of radiotherapy treatments. We conclude that it is practical to quantify patient plasma S-glutathionylated serpins and that these post-translationally modified proteins are candidate biomarkers for measuring radiation exposure. This provides a platform for use of such biomarkers in trials with the range of drugs that, like radiation, produce ROS.
Sulfur encapsulated in a wafer-like carbon substrate with interconnected meso/micropores for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Ya-Bo , Zhao Yang , Hao Xiao-Feng , Ma Yuan-chuan , Wu Yang , Li Guang-lan , Cao Jing-jing , Yan Yang , Qiao Li-zhen , Hao Ce
Published: September 2019

A wafer-like graphene-based porous carbon substrate was synthesized for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries.
LOFAR measures the hotspot advance speed of the high-redshift blazar S5 0836+710
Authors: Kappes A. , Perucho M. , Kadler M. , Burd P. R. , Vega-García L. , Brüggen M.
Published: September 2019

Context. The emission and proper motion of the terminal hotspots of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets can be used as a powerful probe of the intergalactic medium. However, measurements of hotspot advance speeds in active galaxies are difficult, especially in the young universe, because of the low angular velocities and the low brightness of distant radio galaxies.

Aims. Our goal is to study the termination of an AGN jet in the young universe and to deduce physical parameters of the jet and the intergalactic medium.

Methods. We used the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to image the long-wavelength radio emission of the high-redshift blazar S5 0836+710 on arcsecond scales between 120 MHz and 160 MHz.

Results. The LOFAR image shows a compact unresolved core and a resolved emission region about 1.5 arcsec to the southwest of the radio core. This structure is in general agreement with previous higher-frequency radio observations with the Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN) and the Very Large Array (VLA). The southern component shows a moderately steep spectrum with a spectral index of about ≳ − 1, and the spectral index of the core is flat to slightly inverted. In addition, we detect for the first time a resolved steep-spectrum halo with a spectral index of about −1 surrounding the core.

Conclusions. The arcsecond-scale radio structure of S5 0836+710 can be understood as a Faranoff–Riley (FR) II radio galaxy observed at a small viewing angle. The southern component can be interpreted as the region of the approaching jet’s terminal hotspot, and the halo like diffuse component near the core can be interpreted as the counter-hotspot region. From the differential Doppler boosting of both features, we can derive the hotspot advance speed to (0.01 − 0.036) c. At a constant advance speed, the derived age of the source would exceed the total lifetime of such a powerful FR II radio galaxy substantially. Thus, the hotspot advance speed must have been higher in the past, in agreement with a scenario in which the originally highly relativistic jet has lost collimation as a result of instability growth and has transformed into an only mildly relativistic flow. Our data suggest that the density of the intergalactic medium around this distant (z = 2.22) AGN could be substantially higher than the values typically found in less distant FR II radio galaxies.
Study of atrazine adsorption kinetics by using an activated carbon synthesised from water hyacinth
Authors: Deetae Pawinee , Wongpromrat Patthranit
Published: September 2019

In this work, atrazine, one of the most widely used herbicides in Thailand, was removed from water by activated carbon synthesized from water hyacinth. Before adsorption, 3 types of activated carbons used as adsorbents were prepared by different chemical treatment methods; untreated activated carbon (AC), HCl-treated activated carbon (HCl-AC) and NaOH-treated activated carbon (NaOH-AC). After pyrolysis, NaOH-AC became ash, so it was not suitable for using as an adsorbent. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and CHNS methods were used to characterised 2 other adsorbents and the results showed that HCl treatment could improve the surface area and carbon content. This led to the better performance of HCl-AC for removing atrazine from water comparing to AC confirming by the adsorption experiments. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of HCl-AC, the best adsorbent in this research, was investigated by fitting with 4 kinetics models. The results showed that pseudo-second-order was the best kinetics model describing that the atrazine adsorption of HCl-AC was limited by adsorption and 2 active sites of adsorbent were required for adsorbing 1 molecule of atrazine.
The effect of anionic surfactants on aeroponic cultivation of lettuce in space applications
Authors: Janiak Kamil , Jurga Anna , Kuźma Joanna , Breś Włodzimierz
Published: September 2019

Design of efficient and robust life support systems will require huge effort. In closed systems such as future extra-terrestrial colonies or spaceships, all produced wastes will have to be perfectly purified and all resources will have to be recovered. This isn’t possible now even in life support systems built on Earth. Future extra-terrestrial closed life support system will have to be robust and simple as possible to decrease risk of failure and transport costs. One of the attempts to simplify the treatment of wastes is to use greywater as water source in soil-less cultivation without pretreatment. In this paper results of two lab-scale aeroponic experiments are shown. These experiments were aimed at determining possibility of using grey water directly as water source for aeroponic cultivation of lettuce. Two surfactants (SBDS,SMCT) with concentrations varying from 0.08 to 1.5 g/L and model grey water (containing SLES surfactant) were tested. Experiments shown that high concentrations of SBDS and SMCT are detrimental for lettuce growth while similar concentration of SLES inhibit but do not stop lettuce growth. With lower concentrations of surfactants growth of lettuce is possible. Moreover results shows decrease in surfactants mass in model grey water used as nutrient solution which may indicate development of bacteria in root zone that are able to use surfactants as substrates.
Studies on the possible application of heat storage devices for powering the ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) systems
Authors: Kolasiński Piotr
Published: September 2019

Some of the heat sources (such as e.g. waste or renewable), are characterized by floating thermal and output characteristics. Thus, their application for powering vapor power plants, such as ORCs, which should utilize the heat sources having steady thermal and output characteristics is difficult. The floating heat source characteristics may potentially be improved using the heat storage devices providing the thermal energy accumulation at stable output and temperature level. Heat storage device can be adopted as a e.g. steady-level heat source for ORC system. In this paper different applications of the heat storage devices in ORCs were proposed and the results of experiments on powering the ORC system via heat storage device are presented. The results showed that adopting the heat storage devices for powering the ORC systems is possible and it is a promising way of utilizing the waste and renewable heat sources featuring floating characteristics.
Use of waste heat recovery from refrigeration system in a commercial facility – a case study
Authors: Zając Agnieszka
Published: September 2019

Still technological development is associated with huge energy consumption, and thus with the increasing use of constantly decreasing fossil fuel resources, the formation of greenhouse effect and an increase in atmospheric pollution with combustion products. In connection with the constant, increasing global energy consumption, including for refrigeration purposes, it is necessary to promote modern, cost-effective technologies that enable energy recovery in sanitary installations. This article discusses the problem of utilization of waste heat from the refrigeration process and presents the possibilities of acquiring this wasted heat and objectives of its use. The article was prepared on the basis of a technical and technological design of a real object in Wroclaw, which is a self-service grocery store.
Innovative model of trigeneration system generating desalinated water, hot and cold by using low grade heat recovery from nuclear reactor set in cascade of sorption devices
Authors: Zwierzchowski Ryszard , Malicki Marcin , Lipka Maciej
Published: September 2019

The paper introduces an innovative conceptual model of a trigeneration system based on implementation of sorption devices in cascade configuration: absorption heat pumps and adsorption chillers connected with thermal energy storage, for recovering useless heat from secondary cooling circuit of a research nuclear reactor. Proposed trigeneration source provides building with useful heat for the purposes of heating system with thermal energy storage and cold for air-conditioning purposes. Also, desalinated water covering technological demand is produced. Useful heat is produced by an absorption heat pump, cold and desalinated water by adsorption chiller/desalinator. For the described trigeneration system calculations based on commercially available equipment (lithium-bromate absorption heat pumps and silica-gel adsorption chillers with desalination option) and required heat/cold/desalinate demand have been carried out. Operational data collected from an existing installation extended by introducing thermal energy storage to the system was used to simulate the heat demand during the year. 5-year operational data from the “MARIA” research nuclear reactor located at the National Center for Nuclear Research in Świerk, Poland was used to simulate low source variations for the absorption heat pump operation. The results of model implementation demonstrate a series of promising effects on many levels of system operation, including production of desalinated water on a large scale and significant reduction of: (I) energy usage (by 40% when considering only heating scenario), (II) nuclear fuel consumption, (III) heat delivery losses.
Measurement of Visual and Auditory Stimuli Using EEG Headset Emotiv Epoc+
Authors: Zabcikova Martina
Published: September 2019

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) has received a huge interest as a direct communication pathway between a human brain and an external device. BCI is very useful in many areas of research. This study examines and discusses the feasibility and usability of the Emotiv Epoc+ noninvasive device. The focus is on the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) signals associated with visual and auditory senses. To measure signals the free version of software Emotiv Xavier ControlPanel is used. The results depict that the Emotiv Epoc+ device is a suitable option in BCI for scientific and entertainment purposes.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Matrix Converter and Direct Torque Control in Powertrains Asynchronous Motor Drives
Authors: Deaconu Sorin Ioan , Topor Marcel , Popa Gabriel Nicolae , Bu Feifei
Published: September 2019

Electric transportation has made rapid developments and significant steps toward the full electrical powertrain systems. With the increased use of electric vehicles energy conversion systems several technologies have been developed and reached a high degree of performance. Since electric vehicles and hybrid are the more cost competitive technology available today, the evolution toward a more reliable powertrain combining different electric powertrain systems is needed. Induction machine and permanent magnet generators/motors integrated powertrains have some significant advantages over other types of systems such as no need of excitation, low volume and weight, high precision, and no use of a complex gearbox for torque/speed conversion. A electric vehicle powertrain for EV propulsion with a induction motor and a matrix converter is proposed in this paper. The induction motor is controlled using the direct torque flux algorithm. The traditional power conversion stages consist of a rectifier followed by an inverter and bulky DC link capacitor. It involves 2 stages of power conversion and, subsequently, the efficiency of the overall EV is reduced because of power quality issues mainly based on total harmonic distortion. The proposed solution incorporates a matrix converter is mainly utilized to control the induction electric motor for propulsion. The matrix converter is a simple and compact direct AC-AC converter. The proposed EV with matrix converter is modeled using PSIM.
Psychiatrie in der NS-Zeit
Authors: Sedetzki Maria , Rungg Christine , Perkhofer Susanne
Published: September 2019

Euthanasie, Elektroschock, Zwangssterilisation – das sind nur einige der
menschenunwürdigen Gräueltaten, die psychisch Erkrankte im Nationalsozialismus
erleiden mussten. Welche Rolle die Psychiatrie bei der Verwahrung und Tötung
psychisch kranker Menschen im Dritten Reich spielte, schildern unsere
Autorinnen.
Assessing potential landscape service trade-offs driven by urbanization in Switzerland
Authors: Gerecke Madleina , Hagen Oskar , Bolliger Janine , Hersperger Anna M. , Kienast Felix , Price Bronwyn , Pellissier Loïc
Published: September 2019

Landscapes have been changing at an increasing pace over the past century, with countless consequences for humans and their surrounding environments. Information on past and future land use change and the resulting alteration of landscape service provisioning are valuable inputs for policy making and planning. Land use transitions in Switzerland (2009–2081) were simulated using statistical models informed by past land use changes as well as environmental and socio-economic data (1979–2009). By combining land use types with additional contextual landscape information, eight landscape services, based on both (semi-)natural and artificial landscapes, were quantified and investigated on how they would evolve under projected land use changes. Investigation of land use transitions showed region-dependent trends of urban expansion, loss of agricultural area, and forest regrowth. Landscapes cannot accommodate all services simultaneously, and this study sheds light on some competing landscape services, in particular (i) housing at the expense of agriculture and (ii) vanishing recreation opportunities around cities as city limits, and thus housing and job provisioning, expand. Model projections made it possible to pinpoint potential trade-offs between landscape services in a spatially explicit manner, thereby providing information on service provision losses and supporting planning. While future changes are presented as extrapolations of the patterns quantified in the past, policy changes might cause deviation from the projections presented here. A major challenge is to produce socio-economic and policy scenarios to inform projections that will differ from current landscape management. Given that urban sprawl is affecting many land surfaces globally, the approach used here could be generalized to other countries in similar situations.
'Pushing the limits': experiences of women in tropical peatland research
Authors: Thornton S. A. , Cook S. , Astiani D. , Hapsari K. A. , Varkkey H. , Cole L. E. S. , Dargie G. C. , Sjogersten S. , Zawawi N. Z. , Page S. E.
Published: September 2019

Science fields, including tropical peatland research, are facing persistent under-representation of women. In this perspective piece, we explore, as women at different stages of our career, our personal experiences of ‘what is it like to be a woman working in tropical peatland science’? We collected our responses and analysed them thematically. Although we come from a variety of different backgrounds and cultures, our responses all dealt with common issues, such as from practical challenges of being women in the field, persistent sexism, issues of harassment to navigating the politics of research as a woman. The peat swamp is seen as a site of rebellion against traditional gender roles. Senior female role models were also vital for us all, which highlights that mentoring schemes in aquatic and wetland research, as in other science fields, need further consideration and investment. Continuing to improve gender balance is central to effecting a positive change in research culture, and we stress that the issue of the ‘bravado’ surrounding fieldwork needs to be further explored and challenged. By pushing these ‘limits’ both in the field and in the academy, we will not only produce a more equal and compassionate working environment, but also ultimately improve our science.
Young Coloureds’ implicit attitudes towards two historically White English accents in the South African context
Authors: Álvarez-Mosquera Pedro
Published: September 2019

This study explores the implicit language attitudes of a sample of 84 young Coloured South Africans towards two historically White accents in the country: the Standard South African English accent and Afrikaans-accented English. In order to shed light on the role of language in the process of social categorization among the younger generations, I present a mixed-methodological approach that investigates the interrelation between the results of an Implicit Association Test (IAT) towards the two selected accents and the participants’ linguistic background, language exposure, and social distance levels. Within the target demographic, the data confirm the existence of an overall positive implicit attitude towards Standard South African English, although positive attitudes towards Afrikaans-accented English were not uncommon. Correlations between IAT effect and the variables “social distance levels with Whites” and “places of residence” provide potential explanations and valuable sociolinguistic information about the language dynamics in this diverse ethnic group.
Light verb constructions in spoken L2 English
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle
Published: September 2019

Light verb constructions (LVCs), that is, combinations like take a walk or make a
choice, are often claimed to be problematic for non-native speakers of English. In this paper, spoken data from the
Trinity Lancaster Corpus are used to explore the use of these constructions across different sections of the corpus, representing
different proficiency levels (from lower intermediate to upper advanced) as well as different types of acquisitional contexts,
namely English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and English as a Second Language (ESL). The results of the study reveal a tendency
towards an increased frequency of LVCs, as well as more complex and abstract uses, as we move from an intermediate to an advanced
level and from an EFL to an ESL context. For the EFL speakers, this development corresponds to a better approximation to native
English. For the ESL speakers, on the other hand, LVCs seem to have become ‘constructional teddy bears’, used more often than by
the native speakers themselves.
Asymptomatic Pulmonary Artery Embolization by a Port-a-Cath Fragment in a Child With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Tandon Sneha , Livingston Joel , Krishnamurthy Ganesh , Hitzler Johann , Punnett Angela
Published: September 2019

Broken catheter embolism is a rare but often fatal complication of implantable venous access devices. Prompt removal is key to avoiding an adverse outcome.