bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CircMAN1A2_009 facilitates YBX1 nuclear localization to induce GLO1 activation for cervical adenocarcinoma cell growth
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Wei Xinyi , Tu Mengyan , Lu Weiguo , Xu Junfen
Published: July 2024

The molecular mechanisms driving the development of cervical adenocarcinoma (CADC) and optimal patient management strategies remain elusive. In this study, we have identified circMAN1A2_009 as an oncogenic circular RNA (circRNA) in CADC. Clinically, circMAN1A2_009 showed significant upregulation in CADC tissues, with an impressive area under the curve value of 0.8075 for detecting CADC. Functional studies, involving both gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments, revealed that circMAN1A2_009 suppressed reactive oxygen species accumulation and apoptosis, and boosted cell viability in CADC cells. Conversely, silencing circMAN1A2_009 reversed these effects. Further mechanistic investigations indicated that circMAN1A2_009 interacted with YBX1, facilitating the phosphorylation levels of YBX1 at serine 102 (p‐YBX1S102) and facilitating YBX1 nuclear localization through sequence 245–251. This interaction subsequently increased the activity of the glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) promoter, leading to the activation of GLO1 expression. Consistently, inhibition of either YBX1 or GLO1 mirrored the biological effects of circMAN1A2_009 in CADC cells. Additionally, knockdown of YBX1 or GLO1 partially reversed the oncogenic behaviors induced by circMAN1A2_009. In conclusion, our findings propose circMAN1A2_009 as a potential oncogene and a promising indicator for diagnosing and guiding therapy in CADC patients.
Tracking dynamic evolution of low‐ and intermediate‐risk differentiated thyroid cancer: Identification of individuals at risk of recurrence
Authors: Volpi Federico , Alcalde Juan , Larrache Javier , Alegre Estíbaliz , Argueta Allan , Lozano María D. , Colombo Carla , Galofré Juan C.
Published: July 2024

Objective

The generally good prognosis of low‐ and intermediate‐risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) underscored the need to identify those few patients who relapse.

Design

Records of 299 low‐ or intermediate‐risk DTC patients (mean follow‐up 8.2 ± 6.2 years) were retrospectively reviewed. The sample was classified following the American Thyroid Association (ATA) dynamic risk stratification (DRS) system.

Patients and Measurement

After classifying patients according to DRS at the first visit following initial therapy (FU1), structural recurrence occurred in 2/181 (1.1%), 5/81 (6.2%) and 13/26 (50.0%) with excellent, indeterminate and biochemical incomplete response to treatment, respectively. All relapses but one happened within 5 years from FU1. Univariate analysis comparing excellent, indeterminate and biochemical incomplete with structural incomplete responses at the end of the follow‐up, identified tumour size (p < .001), T status (<0.001), positive lymph nodes (N) (p < .01), multifocality (p < .004), need of additional radioactive iodine (RAI) (p < .0001) and first DRS status (p < .0003) as risk factors of recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, only RAI remained statistically significant (p < .02). Comparison between excellent and indeterminate with biochemical and structural incomplete responses, identified tumour size (p < .0004), T (p < .01), N (p < .0001), bilaterality (p < .03), first DRS status (p < .0001) and RAI (p < .001) as recurrence risk factors. T (p < .01) and first DRS (p < .0006) were confirmed in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Patients with DTC classified as low‐ or intermediate‐risk of recurrence with excellent response to treatment at FU1 rarely develop structural disease and this occurs almost exclusively in the first 5 years. Initial DRS status is an accurate tool for determining the risk of recurrence.
Glucose metabolism and radiodensity of abdominal adipose tissue: A 5‐year longitudinal study in a large PET cohort
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Santavirta Severi , Shin Seunghyeon , Nam Hyun‐Yeol , De Maeyer Sven , Nummenmaa Lauri
Published: July 2024

Objective

18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) allows noninvasive assessment of glucose metabolism and radiodensity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We aimed to address the effects of ageing and metabolic factors on abdominal adipose tissue.

Design, Patients and Measurements

We retrospectively analyzed data from 435 healthy men (mean 42.8 years) who underwent a health check‐up programme twice, at baseline and the 5‐year follow‐up. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured using SAT and VAT and divided by the liver SUV. The mean Hounsfield units (HU) of the SAT and VAT were measured from the CT scans. The effects of clinical variable clusters on SUVR were investigated using Bayesian hierarchical modelling; metabolic cluster (BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, fat percentage, muscle percentage*−1, HOMA‐IR), blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), glucose (fasting plasma glucose level, HbA1c) and C‐reactive protein.

Results

All the clinical variables changed during the 5‐year follow‐up period. The SUVR and HU of the VAT increased during follow‐up; however, those of the SAT did not change. SUVR and HU were positively correlated with both VAT and SAT. SAT and VAT SUVR were negatively associated with metabolic clusters.

Conclusions

Ageing led to increased glucose metabolism and radiodensity in VAT, but not in SAT. VAT may reflect the ageing process more directly than SAT. Glucose metabolism was higher and radiodensity was lower in VAT than in SAT, probably owing to differences in gene expression and lipid density. Both glucose metabolism and radiodensity of VAT and SAT reflect metabolic status.
Asymmetric spot‐futures prices adjustments in Quebec grain markets
Authors: Singbo Alphonse , Sossou Dislène
Published: July 2024

Asymmetric price transmission has been the subject of many studies in agricultural economics, but few has been said on Quebec grain market. This study uses threshold cointegration models to examine the dynamic relationship between Quebec spot and futures prices. Estimation results with daily, weekly, and monthly data from September 1994 to May 2022 are three‐fold. First, the main point to keep from cointegration tests is that futures prices and Quebec local grain prices are integrated but estimations with daily data are consistent to highlight a nonlinear long‐run relationship. Second, results indicate overall positive asymmetric for daily and weekly prices transmissions from futures to spot market. Third, the positive asymmetric prices transmissions shed light on the oligopoly structure of Quebec grain market and inefficiencies in the pricing mechanism which favor local grain sellers. Results with different data frequencies show that aggregated monthly prices data compared to more disaggregated data such as daily and weekly prices may lead to different results. Results imply that policymakers and market stakeholders could facilitate increased grain market competition. Grain users like Quebec hog producers need to better understand additional tools for their management of price risk like futures market and real time prices movement monitoring.
Neural substrates of predicting anhedonia symptoms in major depressive disorder via connectome‐based modeling
Authors: Yang Tingyu , Ou Yangpan , Li Huabing , Liu Feng , Li Ping , Xie Guangrong , Zhao Jingping , Cui Xilong , Guo Wenbin
Published: July 2024

Main Problem

Anhedonia is a critical diagnostic symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), being associated with poor prognosis. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia is of great significance for individuals with MDD, and it encourages the search for objective indicators that can reliably identify anhedonia.

Methods

A predictive model used connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM) for anhedonia symptoms was developed by utilizing pre‐treatment functional connectivity (FC) data from 59 patients with MDD. Node‐based FC analysis was employed to compare differences in FC patterns between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients. The support vector machines (SVM) method was then applied for classifying these two subtypes of MDD patients.

Results

CPM could successfully predict anhedonia symptoms in MDD patients (positive network: r = 0.4719, p < 0.0020, mean squared error = 23.5125, 5000 iterations). Compared to non‐melancholic MDD patients, melancholic MDD patients showed decreased FC between the left cingulate gyrus and the right parahippocampus gyrus (p_bonferroni = 0.0303). This distinct FC pattern effectively discriminated between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients, achieving a sensitivity of 93.54%, specificity of 67.86%, and an overall accuracy of 81.36% using the SVM method.

Conclusions

This study successfully established a network model for predicting anhedonia symptoms in MDD based on FC, as well as a classification model to differentiate between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients. These findings provide guidance for clinical treatment.
High prevalence but no current clinical relevance of methyldibromo glutaronitrile since its ban in Turkey in 2015
Authors: Özkaya Esen , Mangır Ömer
Published: July 2024

Background

Regulatory actions significantly reduced methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN)‐induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from cosmetics in Europe. Turkey banned MDBGN in 2015.

Objectives

To assess sensitization and ACD rates to MDBGN before and after its ban in Turkey.

Methods

Data from 2653 consecutively patch tested patients between 1996 and 2023 with MDBGN 0.1% pet. (n = 573) or 0.2%–0.3% pet. (n = 1310) or 0.5% pet. (n = 770) were analysed. MDBGN was tested as MDBGN/phenoxyethanol (PE) in 1434 patients.

Results

The sensitization prevalence was 1.7% (45/2653), peaking at 5.3% in 2018 and 2023 with MDBGN 0.3% pet. There was a two‐fold male predominance, with patients exclusively ≥20 years old. None of the patients reacted to PE. ACD occurred in 0.7% (19/2653), mainly affecting hands and linked to non‐occupational exposure (78.9%), particularly from rinse‐off/leave‐on cosmetics. The pattern of ‘middle‐aged men with hand eczema and fragrance allergy' was particularly notable. Occupational ACD was rare (21.1%), occurring mainly in hairdressers from hair gel. Positive reactions with current clinical relevance dropped from 48.3% (1996–2014) to zero after 2015 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The ban effectively reduced MDBGN‐induced ACD in Turkey, yet the prevalence of positive patch test reactions remains high, likely due to past exposures or other undisclosed sources. We suggest continued testing of MDBGN in the EBS in Turkey.
Clinical high risk for psychosis and service disengagement: Incidence and predictors across 2 years of follow‐up
Authors: Catalano Fabio , Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Palmisano Derna , Pellegrini Pietro , Pupo Simona , Menchetti Marco , Pelizza Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

Back

Service disengagement is common in subjects at CHR‐P (clinical high risk for psychosis), potentially worsening daily functioning and increasing the duration of untreated psychosis. That is why to identify baseline predictors of service disengagement could help better tailoring follow‐up on every CHR‐P individual.

AIMS

Since there are few studies on this topic, the goals of this examination were: (1) to calculate service disengagement rates in a CHR‐P sample along 2‐years of follow‐up; and (2) to examine the most relevant predictive factors of disengagement at baseline.

Methods

All young CHR‐P participants were enrolled within the ‘Parma At‐Risk Mental States’ (PARMS) protocol. At entry, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were completed. Cox regression analyses were used.

Results

Hundred and eighty CHR‐P subjects were recruited in this examination. During the follow‐up, a 2‐year service disengagement prevalence rate of 15% was observed. A statistically robust predictive factor of service disengagement was a lower prescription of antidepressant drug at entry. Other relevant baseline predictive factors were migrant status, higher GAF score, lower levels of anxious‐depressive symptoms and a lower acceptance of psychosocial interventions.

Discussion

Baseline presence of anxious‐depressive features in CHR‐P individuals could favour engagement to specialized EIP services. However, implementing strategies to improve patients' motivation and involvement in care are needed.
Geographic variation in evolutionary rescue under climate change in a crop pest–predator system
Authors: Ge Xuezhen , Newman Jonathan A. , Griswold Cortland K.
Published: July 2024

Species distribution models (SDMs) are often built upon the “niche conservatism” assumption, such that they ignore the possibility of “evolutionary rescue” and may underestimate species' future range limits under climate change. We select aphids and ladybirds as model species and develop an eco‐evolutionary model to explore evolutionary rescue in a predator–prey system under climate change. We model the adaptive change of species' thermal performances, accounting for biotic interactions. Our study suggests that, without considering evolutionary adaptation, the warming climate will result in a reduction in aphid populations and the extinction of ladybirds in large parts of the United States. However, when incorporating evolutionary adaptation into the model, aphids can adapt to climate change, whereas ladybirds demonstrate geographic variation in their evolutionary rescue potential. Specifically, ladybirds in southern regions are more likely to be rescued than those in the north. In certain northern regions, ladybirds do not avoid extinction due to severe warming trends and seasonality of the climate. While higher warming trends do prompt stronger evolutionary changes in phenotype, they also lead to reduced aphid population abundance such that ecology constrains ladybird population growth. Higher seasonality induces an ecological effect by limiting the length of reproductive season, thereby reducing the capacity for evolutionary rescue. Together, these findings reveal the complex interplay between ecological and evolutionary dynamics in the context of evolutionary adaptation to climate change.
Crimes associated with geological materials: mining, minerals, metals and fossils
Authors: Donnelly Laurance John , Pirrie Duncan
Published: July 2024

Civilization has always relied on geological materials and it would not exist as we know it without the use of minerals. For the foreseeable future, minerals will remain fundamentally important commodities. As technology changes, so does the demand for different mineral commodities. For example, as we enter the era of the battery revolution, expedited by vehicle electrification and a reduction in the burning of traditional fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas), demand for minerals used in battery technologies is predicted to increase significantly. In 2022 alone, the global mining industry had a value of over 2000 billion US dollars. Where such huge amounts of money are involved, it is unsurprising that criminal activity follows. Criminal activity in the mining, minerals and metals industries includes illegal mining and smuggling, theft (including adulteration and substitution), illegal trade in conflict minerals, fakes, fraud and environmental crime (e.g. pollution, contamination and degradation of the land, air and water). In this article, we provide an overview of the types of criminal activities associated with geological materials and the potential role of forensic geologists in mitigating the associated risks.
Insights into the clinical, immunologic, and genetic underpinnings of food allergy
Authors: Frischmeyer‐Guerrerio Pamela A. , Young Fernanda D. , Aktas Ozge N. , Haque Tamara
Published: July 2024

The last few decades have seen striking changes in the field of food allergy. The prevalence of the disease has risen dramatically in many parts of the globe, and management of the condition has undergone major revision. While delayed introduction of common allergenic foods during infancy was advised for many years, the learning early about peanut allergy (LEAP) trial and other studies led to a major shift in infant feeding practices, with deliberate early introduction of these foods now recommended. Additionally, the Food and Drug Administration approved the first treatment for food allergy in 2020—a peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) product that likely represents just the beginning of new immunotherapy‐based and other treatments for food allergy. Our knowledge of the environmental and genetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of food allergy has also undergone transformational advances. Here, we will discuss our efforts to improve the clinical care of patients with food allergy and our understanding of the immunological mechanisms contributing to this common disease.
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zoromba Mohamed Ali , Sefouhi Linda , Alenezi Atallah , Selim Abeer , Awad Shaimaa , El‐Gazar Heba Emad , El‐Monshed Ahmed Hashem
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) compared to treatment as usual in managing psychotic symptoms, emotional dysregulation, recovery and psychological flexibility in inpatients with primary psychoses. The Primary outcome assessed the positive and negative syndrome scale, while the secondary outcomes were to assess difficulties in the emotion regulation scale, recovery assessment scale and acceptance and action questionnaire. An open‐label, two‐arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants diagnosed with primary psychoses were randomly assigned to either the ACT (n = 33) or treatment‐as‐usual (n = 32) group. The intervention included six structured sessions of ACT. ACT significantly reduced psychotic symptoms from 128 to 104 (Z = 5.01) compared to treatment as usual from 130 to 117 (Z = 4.88). Emotional regulation improved significantly in the ACT group from 73 to 55 (Z = 4.835) compared to treatment as usual from 73 to 70 (Z = 2.406). Recovery increased in the ACT group from 50 to 88 (Z = 5.01) compared to treatment as usual from 51 to 61 (Z = 4.93). Psychological flexibility improved in the ACT group from 33 to 25 (Z = 4.98) compared to treatment as usual from 33 to 31 (Z = 4.75). Between‐group differences after intervention were significant for psychotic symptoms, emotional regulation, recovery and psychological flexibility (Z = 2.356, 4.652, 3.881 and 4.453, respectively). Accordingly, the current study demonstrates the effectiveness of ACT in reducing psychotic symptoms and improving emotional regulation, recovery and psychological flexibility in patients with primary psychoses. Integrating ACT into standard care protocols can enhance treatment outcomes, offering a comprehensive approach to managing complex mental health conditions.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06160869
Humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention: The moderating effect of leader expertise
Authors: Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Asal Maha Gamal Ramadan , Abou Zeid Mennat Allah G. , Hendy Abdelaziz , El‐Sayed Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study was designed to examine the relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention and investigate the moderating role of leader expertise in this relationship.

Background

Leader humility and expertise are two key dimensions of professional spirit in competitive magnet organizations. Many organizational factors could make nurses take a decision to leave their organization; however, leader humility and expertise could help nurses retract from this decision.

Method

This is a multisite cross‐sectional study that was conducted at all medical‐surgical units of four university hospitals. Using scales for assessing leader humility, nurses' turnover intention, and leader expertise, 385 nurses were surveyed. Data were investigated via descriptive and inferential statistics, where correlation, path analysis, and structured equation modeling were used to test the hypothetical relationship among study variables.

Results

There is a statistically significant negative relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention. Humble leadership and leader expertise were significant predictors of nurses' turnover intention. The moderating effect of leader expertise on the relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention was statistically significant, making it more negative, implying that leader expertise amplifies the effect of leader humility on reducing nurses’ turnover.

Conclusion

Incorporating leader expertise with humility could provide an efficient panacea for reducing turnover intentions among nurses in different healthcare organizations.

Implications for nursing and health policy

Healthcare organizations could develop an efficient retention plan for nurses by cultivating humility among both leaders and nurses. In addition, building nurse leaders' expertise through opening avenues for professional development is a good strategy in the face of nurses' shortage and high turnover. Furthermore, succession planning in healthcare organizations must consider humility as a vital skill among anticipated leaders.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Kaiwen , Zhou Chenxu , Gong Minghui , Zhang Ying , Jiang Yinong , Song Wei
Published: July 2024

It remained debates on metabolic‐related disorders in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and essential hypertension (EH). A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to explore the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and the related indicators in PA and EH. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their commencement to December 2023 were searched for eligible studies. The meta‐analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 15.1 software. A total of 12 studies were included, revealing that there was no significant difference between PA and EH in the prevalence of MS (1.27[0.92, 1.76], p = 0.14) with higher heterogeneity (I2 = 68%, p = 0.0002), while it became significant different (1.45[1.17, 1.81], p = 0.0008) and lower heterogeneity (I2 = 26%, p = 0.19) in patients who were overweight or obese by subgroup analysis. Higher systolic blood pressure (2.99[0.67, 5.31], p = 0.01; I2 = 43%, p = 0.06) and diastolic blood pressure (2.10[0.82, 3.38], p = 0.001; I2 = 36%, p = 0.11) with lower heterogeneity, and lower triglyceride in PA group with higher heterogeneity (‐0.23[‐0.37, ‐0.09], p = 0.001; I2 = 76%, p < 0.0001) were observed. No significant difference was found in other indicators. This study showed a higher prevalence of MS in patients who were overweight or obese with PA. However, it was not the same in these patients who were in normal weight. More researches were needed to explore the relationship between PA and metabolism of glucose and lipid.
SOD1 inhibition enhances sorafenib efficacy in HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and ROS‐mediated cell death
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Kim Jiye , Lee Ryunjin , Lee Eunkyeong , An Hye‐In , Kwon Yong‐Jae , Jin Hana , Pack Chan‐Gi , Kim Inki , Yoon Young‐In , Park Gil‐Chun , Jwa Eun‐Kyoung , Kwon Jae Hyun , Namgoong Jung‐Man , Song Gi‐Won , Hwang Shin , Tak Eunyoung , Lee Sung‐Gyu
Published: July 2024

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection significantly elevates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the HBV X protein (HBx) playing a crucial role in cancer progression. Sorafenib, the primary therapy for advanced HCC, shows limited effectiveness in HBV‐infected patients due to HBx‐related resistance. Numerous studies have explored combination therapies to overcome this resistance. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), known for its anticancer effects and its inhibition of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), is hypothesized to counteract sorafenib (SF) resistance in HBV‐positive HCCs. Our research demonstrates that combining DDC with SF significantly reduces HBx and SOD1 expressions in HBV‐positive HCC cells and human tissues. This combination therapy disrupts the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and promotes apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. These cellular changes lead to reduced tumour viability and enhanced sensitivity to SF, as evidenced by the synergistic suppression of tumour growth in xenograft models. Additionally, DDC‐mediated suppression of SOD1 further enhances SF sensitivity in HBV‐positive HCC cells and xenografted animals, thereby inhibiting cancer progression more effectively. These findings suggest that the DDC‐SF combination could serve as a promising strategy for overcoming SF resistance in HBV‐related HCC, potentially optimizing therapy outcomes.
A new method for regionalization of the vertebral column in salmonids based on radiographic hallmarks
Authors: Sankar Murugesan , Kryvi Harald , Fraser Thomas W. K. , Philip Antony J. Prabhu , Remø Sofie , Hansen Tom J. , Witten Paul Eckhard , Fjelldal Per Gunnar
Published: July 2024

Current procedures to establish vertebral column regionalization (e.g., histology) in fish are time consuming and difficult to apply. The aim of this study was to develop a more rapid and accurate radiology‐based method for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A detailed analysis of 90 animals (4 kg) led to the establishment of region‐specific radiographic hallmarks. To elucidate its transferability to other salmonid species, radiography was carried out in brown trout (Salmo trutta), Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). This method was also evaluated for whole ungutted fish. The vertebral column of Atlantic salmon can be subdivided into five regions (R1–R5) based on anatomy: postcranial (R1, V1, and V2), abdominal (R2, V3–V26), transitional (R3, V27–V36), caudal (R4, V37–V53), and ural (R5, V54–V59). The following specific radiographic hallmarks allow the identification of regions: (i) lack of ribs in R1, (ii) modified parapophysis of the first vertebra of R3, (iii) prominent hemal spine of the first vertebra of R4, and (iv) the separated hemal spine of the most cranial pre‐ural vertebra of R5. These hallmarks were all transferable to the other salmonid species assessed. The results include a further description of various region‐specific characteristics in Atlantic salmon. The method was found applicable for sedated/whole ungutted fish, verifying it as quick and easy compared to other regionalization methods. The regions defined by radiology in this study agree with the vertebral column regions recently defined for Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). Thus, and considering the results of this study on various salmonid species, the currently developed regionalization protocol can be generally used for salmonids.
Assessing the nutritional status and impact of a series of nutritional interventions on elderly inpatients using bioelectrical impedance analysis: A service evaluation
Authors: Constantinou Claire , Jefford Joanne , Zygo Marzena , White Judith , Dale Megan , Morris Rhys , Jenkins Judyth
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of the study was to use bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess nutritional status of elderly patients admitted to hospital and quantitatively measure the impact of the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (CAVUHB) model ward. Secondary objectives were to assess the feasibility of using BIA in this patient population and compare nutrition risk screening tools against fat‐free mass index (FFMI).

Methods

A prospective, comparative, single‐centre, service evaluation of a 'model ward for nutrition and hydration' undertaken in medical and rehabilitation beds in a large UK teaching hospital.

Results

A total of 450 BIA measurements were taken using a Bodystat Multiscan 5000 on 162 patients; several patients had repeated measurements during their hospital stay. Patients tolerated the procedure well, but lack of accurate weight, implanted medical devices and tissue viability precluded some participants.

Conclusions

BIA is quick, non‐invasive, simple to complete and can elicit huge data about an individual's body composition. In a larger cohort of medical admissions, BIA could assist in identifying the sensitivity and specificity of the nutrition screening tools. The collective benefit of a series of nutritional interventions preserved nutritional status better in this elderly inpatient population than usual models of care. Although results were not statistically significant, there is an opportunity with the new model of care to better support frail patients and prevent deconditioning.
Identification of cortical arteries and veins in awake mice using two‐photon microscopy
Authors: Liu Shuangshuang , Liu FangYue , Lin Zhaoxiaonan , Yin Wei , Fang Sanhua , Piao Ying , Liu Li , Shen Yi
Published: July 2024

Distinguishing arteries from veins in the cerebral cortex is critical for studying hemodynamics under pathophysiological conditions, which plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of various vessel‐related diseases. However, due to the complexity of the cerebral vascular network, it is challenging to identify arteries and veins in vivo. Here, we demonstrate an artery–vein separation method that employs a combination of multiple scanning modes of two‐photon microscopy and a custom‐designed stereoscopic fixation device for mice. In this process, we propose a novel method for determining the line scanning direction, which allows us to determine the blood flow directions. The vasculature branches have been identified using an optimized z‐stack scanning mode, followed by the separation of blood vessel types according to the directions of blood flow and branching patterns. Using this strategy, the penetrating arterioles and penetrating venules in awake mice could be accurately identified and the type of cerebral thrombus has been also successfully isolated without any empirical knowledge or algorithms. Our research presents a new, more accurate, and efficient method for cortical artery–vein separation in awake mice, providing a useful strategy for the application of two‐photon microscopy in the study of cerebrovascular pathophysiology.
Clinical applications of a novel poly‐L‐lactic acid microsphere and hyaluronic acid suspension for facial depression filling and rejuvenation
Authors: Su Diya , Yang Wei , He Tong , Wu Jiaxu , Zou Muyan , Liu Xiaowen , Li Ruizhi , Wang Shiwei , Lai Chen , Wang Jieqing
Published: July 2024

Background

Poly L‐lactic acid (PLLA) can stimulate fibrous tissue regeneration to exert a filling effect. However, severe inflammatory reactions and unsatisfactory effects remain a concern.

Objective

Herein, we describe the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of PLLA microspheres in suspension (PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA) for facial contouring and soft tissue augmentation.

Methods

PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA, ssynthesized by copolymerization with ethylene glycol, were suspended in hyaluronic acid (HA). Physiological verification was performed using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray computed tomography. PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA were subcutaneously injected into the dorsal region of 4‐month‐old rabbits. Ultrasound assessed volumetric capacity at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks. The inflammatory response, collagen production, and HA degradation were evaluated. A retrospective case series of 10 patients who received PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA injections was conducted to assess long‐term efficacy and safety.

Results

PLLA‐b‐PEG exhibited a spherical structure with a smooth surface (20–45 μm diameter). In rabbits, implant site volume increased within 4 weeks, gradually decreasing thereafter. Fibrous capsules, microvessel density, and new collagen fiber formation progressively increased at 4, 12, and 26 weeks after injection. Clinical data demonstrated significant improvements in face contouring at months 3 and 12 after injection. All patients showed improved internal contours based on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. After 12 months, 90% of the patients retained good shaping and support effects with minimal adverse reactions.

Conclusions

PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA demonstrated superior biocompatibility and facial regeneration potential, with outstanding dual collagen‐stimulating properties. The clinical efficacy and safety of PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA have been validated and established as a promising therapeutic option.
Determinants of tourist employment in Brazilian microregions: A dynamic panel data approach
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Carlos De Santana , Santos Fernanda Rodrigues Dos , De Moura Fábio Rodrigues , Montenegro Rosa Lívia Gonçalves , Freitas Elton Eduardo
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates the influence of specialization, urbanization, and diversification externalities on the dynamics of tourism employment in Brazilian microregions. We use a dynamic panel data model for the 2006–2019 period. The location quotient, population density and the inverse of the Hirschman–Herfindahl index, proxies for specialization, urbanization, and diversification, respectively, positively affect tourism employment in the long run. Based on the estimated long‐run elasticities, the specialization externality produces the strongest influence on tourism employment after a permanent increase of one standard deviation.
Excellent accuracy of trained neonatal nurses in the detection of referral‐warranted retinopathy of prematurity within an established telemedicine screening programme
Authors: Nguyen Thuan Anh Le , Raileanu Vanessa , Smith Bernice , Griffin Alison , Shah Shaheen
Published: July 2024

Aim

To evaluate level of agreement of specialist trained retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) nurses compared with an experienced paediatric ophthalmologist in detection of referral‐warranted ROP (RWROP) using wide‐field digital retinal imaging.

Methods

This is a prospective, observational, blinded study of neonates in a level III neonatal intensive care unit, from July 2020 to November 2022. Image capture using wide‐field digital retinal imaging followed by ROP grading and staging was completed by trained ROP nurses. This was then compared with findings by an experienced paediatric ophthalmologist. The primary outcome was presence of RWROP in either eye.

Results

One hundred and ninety‐five neonates (55% male) with a total of 768 screening visits were included. At the initial screen, nurse and ophthalmologist agreed about presence of RWROP for 191 of 195 neonates (98%, kappa = 0.79, P < 0.0001), with 100% sensitivity for RWROP detection. Including all 768 screening episodes, agreement was 98% for RWROP. There was disagreement in 16 screenings (2%) for 11 (6%) neonates. Of the five screenings (0.7%) that the ophthalmologist thought were RWROP and the nurse did not, three were disagreements about whether the zone was posterior zone 2 or zone 1.

Conclusions

We found excellent levels of agreement and add evidence that interpretations by specialist trained nurses could be safely integrated into a ‘hybrid ROP screening system’.
Mechanisms of enteric neuropathy in diverse contexts of gastrointestinal dysfunction
Authors: Jamka Julia R. , Gulbransen Brian D.
Published: July 2024

The enteric nervous system (ENS) commands moment‐to‐moment gut functions through integrative neurocircuitry housed in the gut wall. The functional continuity of ENS networks is disrupted in enteric neuropathies and contributes to major disturbances in normal gut activities including abnormal gut motility, secretions, pain, immune dysregulation, and disrupted signaling along the gut–brain axis. The conditions under which enteric neuropathy occurs are diverse and the mechanistic underpinnings are incompletely understood. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize the current understanding of the cell types involved, the conditions in which neuropathy occurs, and the mechanisms implicated in enteric neuropathy such as oxidative stress, toll like receptor signaling, purines, and pre‐programmed cell death.
ZmPHR1 contributes to drought resistance by modulating phosphate homeostasis in maize
Authors: Tian Meng‐Zhi , Wang Hai‐Feng , Tian Yan , Hao Jie , Guo Hui‐Ling , Chen Li‐Mei , Wei Ya‐Kang , Zhan Shi‐Hao , Yu Hong‐Tao , Chen Yi‐Fang
Published: July 2024

As an essential macronutrient, phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient because of its low availability and mobility in soils. Drought is a major environmental stress that reduces crop yield. How plants balance and combine P‐starvation responses (PSRs) and drought resistance is unclear. In this study, we identified the transcription factor ZmPHR1 as a major regulator of PSRs that modulates phosphate (Pi) signaling and homeostasis. We found that maize zmphr1 mutants had reduced P concentration and were sensitive to Pi starvation, whereas ZmPHR1‐OE lines displayed elevated Pi concentration and yields. In addition, 57% of PSR genes and nearly 70% of ZmPHR1‐regulated PSR genes in leaves were transcriptionally responsive to drought. Under moderate and early drought conditions, the Pi concentration of maize decreased, and PSR genes were up‐regulated before drought‐responsive genes. The ZmPHR1‐OE lines exhibited drought‐resistant phenotypes and reduced stomatal apertures, whereas the opposite was true of the zmphr1 mutants. ZmPT7‐OE lines and zmspx3 mutants, which had elevated Pi concentration, also exhibited drought resistance, but zmpt7 mutants were sensitive to drought. Our results suggest that ZmPHR1 plays a central role in integrating Pi and drought signals and that Pi homeostasis improves the ability of maize to combat drought.
Mini‐implant assisted palate expansion and digital design in junctional epidermolysis bullosa and amelogenesis imperfecta: Case report
Authors: Véliz Sebastian , Olivares Antonio , Krämer Susanne
Published: July 2024

Background

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is one of the four major types of EB caused by genetic variants in the genes coding the proteins of the lamina lucida. All patients with this major type of EB present syndromic hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), with either a pits and fissures or generalized hypoplastic phenotype. Severe forms of AI are associated with compromised oral health‐related quality of life (QoL) mostly due to poor dental aesthetics, dentofacial anomalies, and oral pain.

Aim

To present the comprehensive dental treatment of a patient with JEB and AI from the age of 20 months until the age of 18 years, including complex orthodontics and digital oral rehabilitation.

Materials and methods

A male patient with intermediate JEB (homozygous c.3228+1G>A LAMB3 variant) has been under the care of the special care dentistry clinic of the University of Chile since the age of 20 months. His complex dental needs include structural enamel abnormalities in primary and permanent dentition (hypoplastic generalized AI), severe dental crowding with maxillary compression, Class III skeletal pattern, agenesia (#45), and gingivitis.

Results

Pediatric dental care included oral hygiene education and preventive strategies (prophylaxis and fluoride applications), maintaining the dentition free of caries. Due to AI, severe tooth sensitivity hindered proper oral hygiene and required early rehabilitation with temporary polycarbonate and metallic crowns. At the age of 16, the patient began orthodontic treatment. A maxillary expansion was performed with two consecutive mini‐implant assisted rapid palate expansion (MARPE) bonded to four mini‐implants in the palate. After finishing orthodontic treatment metallic multibrackets (duration 19 months), a definitive oral rehabilitation based on digital smile design with feldspathic crowns of all anterior teeth and premolars was performed.

Conclusion

Patients with severe generalized hypoplastic syndromic AI associated with JEB benefit from long‐term preventive oral care. Complex orthodontic techniques, such as MARPE, and multibrackets can be successfully. Digital smile design provides a definitive oral rehabilitation technique improving oral function, aesthetics, and QoL.
Mindsets of suicide trajectories: An Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count analysis of suicide hotline conversations
Authors: Huang Chin‐Lan , Shaw Fortune Fu‐Tsung , Hsu Wen‐Yau , Yu Hsiu‐Ting , Chang Shu‐Sen , Li Mao Ning
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to explore the psychological characteristics of the individuals with various suicide risks using computerized text analysis, in the hopes of a better understanding of suicide trajectories.

Methods

627 first‐time callers' records were randomly selected from Taiwan An‐Shin Hotline database between 2013 and 2018. The voice records were evaluated by two psychologists to determine the levels of suicide risk (156 with uncertainty of risk, 177 with low suicidal ideation, 157 with high suicidal ideation, and 137 with suicide preparation/attempt) and transcribed into text. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2015 (LIWC2015) program combined with Chinese dictionary were then used to calculate the frequency of word categories.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis identified four mindsets of language characteristics, named “opposition and questioning”, “active engagement”, “negative rumination”, and “focus on death”. Psychological descriptions of the mindsets were also obtained through correlation analysis with the LIWC2015 categories and indicators. The four mindsets effectively distinguished the callers with different levels of suicide risk.

Conclusion

The psychological characteristics of people with various suicide risks can be described and differentiated via the closed‐word categories and composite indicators. These results provide useful information for practitioners and researchers.
Understanding impact of urban sprawl over sanitation risks using GIS‐based multicriteria decision‐making approach
Authors: Chatterjee Debrupa , Singh Dharmaveer , Das Diganta Bhushan , Singh Pushpendra Kumar
Published: July 2024

Urban sprawl and the shortage of proper sanitary infrastructures significantly jeopardize public health and urban sustainability. The problem is further aggravated as a result of the rapid urbanization and urban sprawl. This study investigated the relationship between urban sprawl and sanitation risk conditions in a rapidly growing city in India. This was accomplished by investigating changes in urban sprawl areas between the periods 2000–2020 using multispectral satellite images and Shanon's entropy model and studying the pattern of spatial variations in basic sanitation services derived from the 100 household‐based surveyed WASH (water availability, sanitation, and hygiene) data collected in 2018 before COVID‐19 from 45 sprawl regions. Spatial statistical techniques, namely, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation and the multicriteria decision technique, were employed for neighborhood analysis and assessing sanitation risks inside the sprawl region. Results showed that Raipur exhibited urban sprawl and around 93.68% of the sprawl area was classified between high (6.47%)‐ and medium (80.52%)‐risk zones.
A novel type of malformed floral organs mutant in barley was conferred by loss‐of‐function mutations of the MADS‐box gene HvAGL6
Authors: Sun Man , Jiang Congcong , Gao Guangqi , An Chaodan , Wu Wenxue , Kan Jinhong , Zhang Jinpeng , Li Lihui , Yang Ping
Published: July 2024

The advanced model of floral morphogenesis is based largely on data from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), but this process is less well understood in the Triticeae. Here, we investigated a sterile barley (Hordeum vulgare) mutant with malformed floral organs (designated mfo1), of which the paleae, lodicules, and stamens in each floret were all converted into lemma‐like organs, and the ovary was abnormally shaped. Combining bulked‐segregant analysis, whole‐genome resequencing, and TILLING approaches, the mfo1 mutant was attributed to loss‐of‐function mutations in the MADS‐box transcription factor gene HvAGL6, a key regulator in the ABCDE floral morphogenesis model. Through transcriptomic analysis between young inflorescences of wild‐type and mfo1 plants, 380 genes were identified as differentially expressed, most of which function in DNA binding, protein dimerization, cell differentiation, or meristem determinacy. Regulatory pathway enrichment showed HvAGL6 associates with transcriptional abundance of many MADS‐box genes, including the B‐class gene HvMADS4. Mutants with deficiency in HvMADS4 exhibited the conversion of stamens into supernumerary pistils, producing multiple ovaries resembling the completely sterile multiple ovaries 3.h (mov3.h) mutant. These findings demonstrate that the regulatory model of floral morphogenesis is conserved across plant species and provides insights into the interactions between HvAGL6 and other MADS‐box regulators.
Improving O₂ Absorption in PVDF Membrane with Cross-Linked Polymer Coatings
Authors: Low SC , Adnan Nur Sajha
Published: July 2024

Surface modification of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes using various polymers, including chitosan, nylon, dopamine, and EDA, was examined through SEM and FTIR analyses. SEM imaging unveiled the preservation of membrane porosity post-modification, affirming successful polymer integration without pore obstruction. Nylon coatings induced alterations in surface morphology, with enlarged pore apertures and roughened surfaces attributed to formic acid exposure during dissolution. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the respective polymers, exhibiting characteristic peaks for each. Notably, membranes coated with EDA exhibited enhanced CO2 absorption flux owing to their inherently hydrophilic nature and larger pore dimensions. Optimization of EDA coating parameters, including deposition time and concentration, revealed a direct correlation between increased EDA deposition and enhanced CO2 absorption flux, emphasizing the significant impact of these parameters on membrane performance in gas absorption. Consequently, tailored surface modifications offer a promising avenue for enhancing membrane functionality in gas separation applications
PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION AND CFD ANALYSIS OF A HEAT SINK FOR FORCED CONVECTIVE COOLING OF A DC/AC INVERTER
Authors: Onoroh Francis , Agberegha Larry Orobome , Oluwo Adeyinka Abdulquadri
Published: July 2024

Power inverters play a crucial role in converting DC voltage and current to AC voltage and current. Its efficient operation relies on effective thermal management of the semiconductor devices, such as the IRF 3205 MOSFET chip which facilitate the switching operations to prevent thermo-mechanical stress that could to failure. This research developed and optimize a heat sink for an IRF 3205 MOSFET chip in a 3.5 KVA power inverter, using the Particle Swarm Optimization technique and experimented with a 3.5 KVA 24 V power inverter operating a 1.5HP air-conditioning unit. The heat sink geometry has 26 fins, 4 mm fin thickness, 40 mm fin height, 3 mm fin spacing, 2 mm fin base thickness, 179 mm length, 80 mm width and a thermal resistance of 60.75 °C/W. The thermal performance was evaluated using ANSYS Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and results showed maximum base temperature of 65.85°C and experimental temperature of 64°C after two hours of steady operation dissipating heat of 45W. The results from both numerical and experimental data demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimized heat sink in maintaining the chip's temperature below its maximum working threshold of 170°C.