bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administrative and legal aspects of voter information in the Russian Federation
Authors: Denisov Yurii Petrovich , Staurskii Evgenii Stanislavovich , Staurskii Stanislav Stanislavovich
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is the system of information support for voters in the Russian Federation. The subject of the scientific article is the administrative and legal aspects of informing Russian voters, analyzed in the context of modern socio-political processes. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the ratio of information and campaigning in the course of public administration of elections, responsibility for administrative offenses in the field of information support of the electoral process, the ambiguity of the administrative and legal status of a candidate in elections and the problems of administrative and legal regulation of voter information carried out by various subjects. Special attention is paid to the problems and prospects for the development of administrative and legal regulation of voter information in the context of today's technological and geopolitical challenges. Based on the understanding of modern scientific research and innovative approaches, as well as the experience of the 2024 election campaign for the election of the President of the Russian Federation, the authors also touch upon some problems of digitalization of the electoral process. The study is based on a systematic approach that allows us to study the mechanism of public administration of voter information as a set of inextricably interrelated and interacting elements organized as a single whole. The work uses a whole range of scientific research methods: formal-logical; comparative-legal; sociological and so on. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the authors' proposals with scientific novelty on clarifying the status of a candidate and legislative legal differentiation of the statuses of "registered" and "nominated candidates", clearer administrative and legal regulation of the voter information mechanism carried out by various entities, and the introduction of administrative responsibility directly for violations in the field of voter information.
Analysis of a multiphase free boundary problem
Authors: Abdelouahab Ahlem , Bensid Sabri
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we investigate a free boundary problem relevant in several applications, such as tumor growth models. Our problem is expressed as an elliptic equation involving discontinuous nonlinearities in a specified domain with a moving boundary. We establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions and provide a qualitative analysis of the free boundaries generated by the nonlinear term (inner boundaries). Furthermore, we analyze the dynamics of the outer region boundary. The final result demonstrates that under certain conditions, our problem is solvable in the neighborhood of a radial solution.
Isoperimetric inequalities in nonlocal diffusion problems with integrable kernel
Authors: Galiano Gonzalo
Published: July 2024

We deduce isoperimetric estimates for solutions of linear stationary and evolution problems. Our main result establishes the comparison in norm between the solution of a problem and its symmetric version when nonlocal diffusion defined through integrable kernels is replacing the usual local diffusion defined by a second order differential operator. Since an appropriate kernel rescaling allows to define a sequence of solutions of the nonlocal diffusion problems converging to their local diffusion counterparts, we also find the corresponding isoperimetric inequalities for the latter, i.e. we prove the classical Talenti's theorem. The novelty of our approach is that we replace the measure geometric tools employed in Talenti's proof, such as the geometric isoperimetric inequality or the coarea formula, by the Riesz's rearrangement inequality. Thus, in addition to providing a proof for the nonlocal diffusion case, our technique also introduces an alternative proof to Talenti's theorem.
On a family of billiards-inspired operators over intuitionistic fuzzy sets
Authors: Vassilev Peter ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Atanassova Vassia ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

In the present work we introduce a family of geometrically inspired operators over intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In essence, if we consider the interpretational triangle as a billiards table with certain properties and each point of an intuitionistic fuzzy set as a ball propelled with a predetermined initial force, then its image after bouncing off from the boundaries of the triangle will, in general, be a new and different intuitionistic fuzzy point. The value of this image depends on the magnitude and direction of the force, which we will describe by using a parameter λ > 0 and another intuitionistic fuzzy set over the same universe.
The neural dynamics of positive and negative expectations of pain
Authors: Wittkamp Christoph Arne , Wolf Maren-Isabel , Rose Michael
Published: July 2024

Pain is heavily modulated by expectations. Whereas the integration of expectations with sensory information has been examined in some detail, little is known about how positive and negative expectations are generated and their neural dynamics from generation over anticipation to the integration with sensory information. The present preregistered study employed a novel paradigm to induce positive and negative expectations on a trial-by-trial basis and examined the neural mechanisms using combined EEG-fMRI measurements (n=50). We observed substantially different neural representations between the anticipatory and the actual pain period. In the anticipation phase i.e., before the nociceptive input, the insular cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) showed increased activity for directed expectations regardless of their valence. Interestingly, a differentiation between positive and negative expectations within the majority of areas only occurred after the arrival of nociceptive information. FMRI-informed EEG analyses could reliably track the temporal sequence of processing showing an early effect in the DLPFC, followed by the anterior insula and late effects in the ACC. The observed effects indicate the involvement of different expectation-related subprocesses, including the transformation of visual information into a value signal that is maintained and differentiated according to its valence only during stimulus processing.
Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM)-C recruitment of Pard3 and drebrin to cell contacts initiates neuron-glia recognition and layer-specific cell sorting in developing cerebella
Authors: Hallada Liam P. , Shirinifard Abbas , Solecki David J
Published: July 2024

Sorting maturing neurons into distinct layers is critical for brain development, with disruptions leading to neurological disorders and pediatric cancers. Lamination coordinates where, when, and how cells interact, facilitating events that direct migrating neurons to their destined positions within emerging neural networks and control the wiring of connections in functional circuits. While the role of adhesion molecule expression and presentation in driving adhesive recognition during neuronal migration along glial fibers is recognized, the mechanisms by which the spatial arrangement of these molecules on the cell surface dictates adhesive specificity and translates contact-based external cues into intracellular responses like polarization and cytoskeletal organization remain largely unexplored. We used the cerebellar granule neuron (CGN) system to demonstrate that JAM-C receptor cis-binding on the same cell and trans-binding to neighboring cells controls the recruitment of the Pard3 polarity protein and drebrin microtubule-actin crosslinker at CGN to glial adhesion sites, complementing previous studies that showed Pard3 controls JAM-C exocytic surface presentation. Leveraging advanced imaging techniques, specific probes for cell recognition, and analytical methods to dissect adhesion dynamics, our findings reveal: 1) JAM-C cis or trans mutants result in reduced adhesion formation between CGNs and cerebellar glia, 2) these mutants exhibit delayed recruitment of Pard3 at the adhesion sites, and 3) CGNs with JAM-C mutations experience postponed sorting and entry into the cerebellar molecular layer (ML). By developing a conditional system to image adhesion components from two different cells simultaneously, we made it possible to investigate the dynamics of cell recognition on both sides of neuron-glial contacts and the subsequent recruitment of proteins required for CGN migration. This system and an approach that calculates local correlation based on convolution kernels at the cell adhesions site revealed that CGN to CGN JAM recognition preferentially recruits higher levels of Pard3 and drebrin than CGN to glia JAM recognition. The long latency time of CGNs in the inner external germinal layer (EGL) can be attributed to the combined strength of CGN-CGN contacts and the less efficient Pard3 recruitment by CGN-BG contacts, acting as gatekeepers to ML entry. As CGNs eventually transition to glia binding for radial migration, our research demonstrates that establishing permissive JAM-recognition sites on glia via cis and trans interactions of CGN JAM-C serves as a critical temporal checkpoint for sorting at the EGL to ML boundary. This mechanism integrates intrinsic and extrinsic cellular signals, facilitating heterotypic cell sorting into the ML and dictating the precise spatial organization within the cerebellar architecture.
Observing one-divalent-metal-ion-dependent and histidine-promoted His-Me family I-PpoI nuclease catalysis in crystallo
Authors: Chang Caleb , Zhou Grace , Gao Yang
Published: July 2024

Metal-ion-dependent nucleases play crucial roles in cellular defense and biotechnological applications. Time-resolved crystallography has resolved catalytic details of metal-ion-dependent DNA hydrolysis and synthesis, uncovering the essential roles of multiple metal ions during catalysis. The histidine-metal (His-Me) superfamily nucleases are renowned for binding one divalent metal ion and requiring a conserved histidine to promote catalysis. Many His-Me family nucleases, including homing endonucleases and Cas9 nuclease, have been adapted for biotechnological and biomedical applications. However, it remains unclear how the single metal ion in His-Me nucleases, together with the histidine, promotes water deprotonation, nucleophilic attack, and phosphodiester bond breakage. By observing DNA hydrolysis in crystallo with His-Me I-PpoI nuclease as a model system, we proved that only one divalent metal ion is required during its catalysis. Moreover, we uncovered several possible deprotonation pathways for the nucleophilic water. Interestingly, binding of the single metal ion and water deprotonation are concerted during catalysis. Our results reveal catalytic details of His-Me nucleases, which is distinct from multi-metal-ion-dependent DNA polymerases and nucleases.
Information technology in schools: Should the product be marked hazardous?
Authors: Olson John
Published: July 2024

One of the things that make some tools hazardous is that when you plug themin you have considerable power in your hands. False moves and you maylose a body party. ICT, I argue in this paper, is such a tool and yes it shouldbe marked hazardous. How powerful? Why hazardous?The power and the hazard go together. By means of ICT we can do morequickly and comprehensively what we could only do more slowly before. Andif aspects of what we were doing before were problematic, they will be evenmore so thanks to the amplification provided by ICT. The amplifying powerof ICT is one of the central themes of this paper. If instruction is routine andboring, computers can make it much more so. If products for schools weredriven by commercial considerations before, they can be much more so withICT - the investments are much higher. If schools had ways of monitoringteachers and children before, computers enhance that many times. Iftechnologies were thought to drive what happens in schools before, ICTmagnifies that potential many times.In short, computers allow us to do what we did before only more so - so if wedid not do well before IT, we may well do worse with it. Or we may dobetter. We need to keep these questions open. The biggest danger is that in therush to conform to visions of ICT we may stop asking them. We need adialogue. The desire for dialogue has, however, frustrated many ICTadvocates who see it as a form of resistance to change (Ameral, 1983; Papert,2001; Yelland, 2002). From a philosophical point of view, we need a dialoguethat considers the techniques of practices and the goods that such practicesseek, as Macintyre (1981) and Strike (nd) point out. Practices involve skillsand techniques - which do not once and for all define the practice and whichover time change the practice as the goals of practice - in this case teaching -change over time.In the first part of this paper I look at how ICT has come to play such adominant role in schooling. Over the last 20 years we see a continuous pressto adopt this technology. What we do not see is a debate about the plussesand minuses of computers in schools based on experience. This is a cause forconcern. In the second part of the paper I look at what happened in schoolsover this time and the beginnings of concerns about ICT. In the third part ofthe paper I look at the response teachers might make to ICT as it evolves.
El devenir animal en el cine documental: La cueva de los sueños olvidados de Werner Herzog
Authors: Faba Paulina , Skewes Juan Carlos , Bustos Bárbara
Published: July 2024

¿Cómo problematiza el cine la relación humano-animal? Este artículo desarrolla esta pregunta a través del análisis de la película La cueva de los sueños olvidados (2010). En este filme, el cineasta alemán Werner Herzog (1942-) se interna en uno de los descubrimientos más fascinantes de todos los tiempos: el del arte rupestre de la cueva de Chauvet (30.000 a 32.000 AP). El texto propone que, por medio del involucramiento físico del público espectador, del foco en los afectos y del entrelazamiento de la realidad y la ficción, el documental desarrolla un campo de intensidades que permite vislumbrar un devenir animal a través del cine.
La flor cósmica bifrontalidad y terceridad en Amapola de Jorge Acha
Authors: Duarte Ezequiel Iván
Published: July 2024

El artículo se propone analizar la estructura de personajes del guion cinematográfico Amapola de Jorge Acha trazando un paralelismo con la estructura cosmológica tricotómica propuesta por Charles Sanders Peirce. Asimismo, se recuperan las metafísicas vegetales de Maurice Maeterlinck y Emanuele Coccia, sobre todo en su concepción de la flor como elemento mediador entre lo terrestre y lo aéreo, y lo que esta hipótesis tiene de semejanza con la concepción peirceana y, por lo tanto, según es nuestra propuesta, con la del guion de Acha. Así, se procede metodológicamente por la explicitación y argumentación de similitudes entre las cosmologías del texto analizado y de las fuentes filosóficas propuestas. De este modo, el ensayo busca mostrar cómo el guion posee una forma basada en oposiciones con continuidad entre sus partes que lo acercan, en ese sentido, a la estética barroca y lo diferencian de las oposiciones sin continuidad que estructuran el pensamiento y la cosmovisión dominantes en Occidente.
La economía del cuidado, imaginarios sociales, políticos y económicos de mujeres rurales de Boyacá (Boyacá - Colombia)
Authors: Bolívar Hernández Laura Daniela , López López Wilson Iván
Published: July 2024

Este proyecto tiene como objetivo analizar los imaginarios sociales, políticos y económicos sobre la Economía del Cuidado por parte de las mujeres rurales del municipio de Boyacá (Boyacá). La metodología desarrollada es de tipo cualitativa con enfoque interactivo, abordando una muestra de 11 mujeres que hicieron parte de los talleres participativos. En los resultados se observa que el trabajo de cuidado que desempeñan las mujeres rurales continúa perpetuándose a causa de los imaginarios sociales sobre los roles de género y las dinámicas del contexto como por sus experiencias de vida en la ruralidad. Igualmente, los imaginarios políticos y económicos tienen incidencia en el reconocimiento de una economía del cuidado. El empoderamiento económico se ve marcado por unos condicionantes socioeducativos y socioeconómicos, donde el nivel educativo, el nivel de ingresos y la edad representan diferencias marcadas para cada mujer. Cabe resaltar que la participación de las mujeres es esencial para el desarrollo sostenible en las zonas rurales por ello la perspectiva de género debe implementarse en las acciones gubernamentales. Desde Trabajo Social, espera una ardua labor por movilizar a una sociedad del cuidado, que priorice la sostenibilidad de la vida y reconozca el cuidado como un derecho para todos y todas.
Fortalecimiento del pensamiento crítico a través de la didáctica y el aprendizaje basado en problemas en la educación básica secundaria
Authors: Betancur Giraldo Héctor , Valderrama-Henao Érika Cecilia , Marín-Pulgarín Andrés Felipe
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo de reflexión se orienta a analizar la importancia del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, en adelante ABP, y la didáctica como estrategias para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de básica secundaria en la educación formal colombiana. En ese contexto se plantean acciones para aplicar estrategias didácticas innovadoras desde el ABP, lo que permitirá evaluar su impacto en el fortalecimiento del pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes y donde se busque capacitar a los docentes en el ABP para promover dicho pensamiento crítico. Es de anotar que en la era del conocimiento se requieren profesionales que manejen las competencias del siglo XXI y para esto, los educadores deben explorar metodologías didácticas que propicien al educando para alcanzar un aprendizaje que le permita adaptarse y ser proactivo en un mundo cada vez más dinámico y complejo. Se empleó una metodología de investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, con un enfoque documental y hermenéutico, para comprender y analizar el alcance de estas estrategias en el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. Este enfoque permitió sugerir y proporcionar una explicación teórica y conceptual al problema planteado. La investigación se orientó a generar resultados académicos ilustrativos, ofreciendo información estructurada. Los resultados obtenidos se evaluaron e incorporaron en procesos epistemológicos, proporcionando bases teóricas que fortalecen los procesos de investigación frente a temáticas similares.
Horizontal Sound Localization and Spatial Short-Term Memory Span in Hearing-Impaired Listeners and Listeners With Simulated Hearing Loss
Authors: Song Hookang , Kyong Jeong-Sug , Lee Jae Hee
Published: July 2024

Background and Objectives: Localization of a sound source in the horizontal plane depends on the listener’s interaural comparison of arrival time and level. Hearing loss (HL) can reduce access to these binaural cues, possibly disrupting the localization and memory of spatial information. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the horizontal sound localization performance and the spatial short-term memory in listeners with actual and simulated HL.Subjects and Methods: Seventeen listeners with bilateral symmetric HL and 17 listeners with normal hearing (NH) participated in the study. The hearing thresholds of NH listeners were elevated by a spectrally shaped masking noise for the simulations of unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and bilateral hearing loss (BHL). The localization accuracy and errors as well as the spatial short-term memory span were measured in the free field using a set of 11 loudspeakers arrayed over a 150° arc.Results: The localization abilities and spatial short-term memory span did not significantly differ between actual BHL listeners and BHL-simulated NH listeners. Overall, the localization performance with the UHL simulation was approximately twofold worse than that with the BHL simulation, and the hearing asymmetry led to a detrimental effect on spatial memory. The mean localization score as a function of stimulus location in the UHL simulation was less than 30% even for the front (0° azimuth) stimuli and much worse on the side closer to the simulated ear. In the UHL simulation, the localization responses were biased toward the side of the intact ear even when sounds were coming from the front.Conclusions: Hearing asymmetry induced by the UHL simulation substantially disrupted the localization performance and recall abilities of spatial positions encoded and stored in the memory, due to fewer chances to learn strategies to improve localization. The marked effect of hearing asymmetry on sound localization highlights the need for clinical assessments of spatial hearing in addition to conventional hearing tests.
A Review on Seismic Response Analysis Methods for Underground Structures
Authors: Zhao Panpan
Published: July 2024

Seismic safety of underground structures is of paramount importance. This paper reviews the current research status of seismic response analysis methods for underground structures, focuses on the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages, and applicability of the proposed static method and dynamic time course analysis method. It also analyses their applications in engineering. It is shown that the seismic coefficient method, although simple, may have relatively large calculation errors due to oversimplification. The free-field deformation method is simple in form and easy to implement, but ignores soil-structure interaction. The flexibility coefficient method is simple in form and considers soil-structure interaction, but ignores many factors. The reaction displacement method directly reflects the soil-structure interaction, but the foundation spring parameters are difficult to value. The reaction acceleration method has the same advantages as the reaction displacement method, but there is a certain error. The dynamic time-course analysis method is accurate but computationally intensive.
Analysis of “Extreme Poverty” for the special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia
Authors: Indrakusuma Teguh , Nuryadin Didi , Wijayanti Diah Lufti
Published: July 2024

Poverty is a problem experienced in almost every country, including Indonesia. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) document states that by 2030 governments around the world agree to eliminate extreme poverty. The Government of Indonesia has issued Instruksi Presiden (Inpres) Number 4 of 2022 concerning the Acceleration of the Elimination of Extreme Poverty in the context of eliminating extreme poverty throughout Indonesia by 2024. This research was conducted in special region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia using data from the 2022 National Economic Survey (Susenas) using logistic regression. Independent variables are KRT gender, average years of schooling, unemployment rate, PKH subsidy recipients, BPJS PBI participation, disability, uninhabitable houses, chronic diseases, under-five ownership and access to microfinance.The results showed that the gender of the head of household, average length of schooling, unemployment rate, PKH subsidy recipients, BPJS PBI participation, disability, uninhabitable houses, chronic diseases, under-five ownership and access to microfinance significantly affected poor households. But for extreme poor households, only the chronic disease variable did not have a significant effect. Extreme poor households in urban and rural areas also have different characteristics.
Gender Differences in Perceptions of Corruption: Insights from Bhutan
Authors: Yangzom Kinley , Gyeltshen Kinzang , Tenzin Pema , Nepal Tej Kumar
Published: July 2024

Corruption, a global issue harming governance and quality of life, disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, with gender differences in perceptions influenced by cultural norms, social roles, and resource access. A thorough understanding of these differences is essential for creating effective and inclusive anti-corruption strategies. This study investigates gender differences in corruption perceptions among 11,142 respondents in Bhutan, focusing on the seriousness, trends, Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) performance, and the prevalence of corruption offences. The findings show significant gender disparities: men view corruption as more severe and increasing over time compared to women, influenced by societal roles and experiences. Women rate ACC performance lower than men, shaped by differing expectations and levels of trust. Furthermore, perceptions of corruption offences vary significantly by gender, highlighting the need for gender-sensitive anti-corruption strategies tailored to societal contexts and roles. These insights enhance understanding of gender dynamics in corruption perception and inform targeted policy interventions.
Nutritional Assessment and Dietary Patterns of Dengue Patients in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Tasmiyyia , Shahzadi Neelum , Faisal Ayesha , Rasheed Iqra , Hasmih Shameen , Aziz Osama , Naqvi Sara , Maryam Humaira , Ijaz Ammar
Published: July 2024

Dengue is viral infection caused by female mosquitos Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The current study was conducted a tertiary care hospital of district Mardan to find out the prevalence and dietary pattern of dengue patients. About a total of 75 patients consisting of 42 males and 33 females were enrolled in the study. Data regarding socio-demographic parameters, anthropometric measurements, dietary data and overall health was collected. The data was analyzed through SPSS and excel. Out of 75 samples, patients with normal BMI were 13(17.3%), overweight 39(52%) and obese were 23(30.6%). Majority of the patients have symptoms including fever, abdominal pain, nausea vomiting, and headache. Consumption of fresh fruits, juices and proper diet lead to healthy phase. The preventive measures should be followed by using mosquito nets, proper sanitation system, and proper diet.
The Impact of Mulches and Biofertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Italica): A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Thangjam Radhakanta , Chamroy Themmeichon , Athokpam Varun
Published: July 2024

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a widely cultivated vegetable known for its nutritional benefits and economic importance. In present years there has been a growing interest in sustainable agricultural practices which enhances the productivity while minimizing the environmental impacts.
Mulching and biofertilization has become a promising and an impactful agro-technique to improve the soil health, nutrient availability and water retention.
This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the mulches and biofertilizer on the growth and yield of broccoli. Various types of mulches including the organic (e.g. Straw, rice husk, saw dust etc.) and inorganic mulches (e.g. Plastic film) have been studied for their impact on soil temperature moderation, moisture conservation, suppression of weed and nutrient retention. Similarly, biofertilizers as Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria, VAM, Azotobacter chroococcum, A. vinelandi, Derxia sp., B. megaterium, B. lichenformis, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria etc. have been investigated for their ability to enhance plant growth and yield.
This review underscores the importance of integrated approaches that harness the synergistic benefits of mulches and biofertilizers to maximize the growth and yield of broccoli while minimizing environmental footprints in agriculture. Such strategies hold promises for advancing sustainable food production systems and meeting the challenges of global food security and climate changes.
Sonochemical Assisted Synthesis of Cr-PTC Metal Organic Framework, ZnO, and Fe3O4 Composite and Their Photocatalytic Activity in Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Nurbayti Siti , Adawiah Adawiah , Bale Uly Fitria , Fadhilla Rizka , Ramadhan Fitri Nur , Zulys Agustino , Sukandar Dede , Saridewi Nanda , Tulhusna Latifah
Published: July 2024

Methylene blue pollutants can be treated by photocatalytic methods using metal oxide-based semiconductor materials and metal organic framework (MOF). These two materials are often coupled into a composite to improve their physicochemical properties and catalytic activity. This research focuses on the synthesis of composites based on Cr-PTC MOF, ZnO, and Fe3O4 by the sonochemical method. The obtained composites were characterized and tested for catalytic activity in methylene blue pollutant degradation in an aqueous system under acidic conditions (pH = 5). Our investigation shows that the Cr-PTC@Fe3O4 composite possesses the lowest band gap energy of 1.86 eV and achieves the highest photocatalytic activity in methylene blue degradation at solution pH = 5, with a percent degradation of 84.36%. The sonochemical incorporation of Fe3O4 and Cr-PTC MOF is able to fabricate materials in a short time with better photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue than the single materials. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Ethanol Conversion through the Addition of a Heat Exchanger and Reactor in the Catalytic Dehydration Process for Ethylene Production from Ethanol
Authors: Kinanti Agita Ardelia , Febrianti Hasna Labibah , Dewi Ni Putu Savitri Mandasari
Published: July 2024

Ethylene production requires high energy costs, and the composition of the ethanol feed is not very pure. The aim of this research is to reduce energy costs slightly while still increasing conversion to obtain a purer ethanol conversion. To achieve this goal, the method used is to add one more heat exchanger and one more reactor. The results obtained turned out that by adding a heat exchanger, we do not need cooling water, but can utilize the output of cryogenic distillation. An energy efficiency of 73.56% obtained and the ethanol conversion obtained was also close to pure with the presence of two reactors with a value of 99.2%. Further process creation is needed to be able to optimize the ethylene production process which is more environmentally friendly, such as making ethylene with bioethanol as feed. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Minimizing Energy Usage in the Production of Benzene through Hydrodealkylation Toluene Process by Optimizing Heat Transfer Unit in Reactor System
Authors: Maulana Eldino Irfan , Tarikh Abrarrizal , Widaranti Ratih Dwi
Published: July 2024

Benzene is a chemical raw material that is widely used without alternatives in the production of high energy solid liquid fuels and polymers. As a result, the global demand of benzene reaches 51 million per year. The process simulator has been utilized to simulate the reactor system of benzene production through the hydrodealkylation of toluene using Peng-Robinson equation-of-state property package. This system is designed to reach 200,000 tons of benzene per year with an optimized heat flow mechanism. By using a heat recovery strategy that utilizes the heat stream outlet from the waste heat boiler (WHB-01) and the partial condenser (PC-01), the net-energy in the simulation has been effectively minimized by saving a total of -23,915,490.40 kJ/h by directing the heat streams to heaters H-01 and H-02, respectively. Considering this strategy, the modified process within the reactor system is conclusively more optimized than the basic process system. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Universitas Diponegoro and BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
O REDOBRO DO SUJEITO NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO E NO PORTUGUÊS EUROPEU:
Authors: Rezende dos Reis Eduardo Patrick , Duarte Maria Eugênia Lammoglia
Published: July 2024

Este trabalho visa a apresentar, com base em dados da fala do Português Brasileiro e do Português Europeu, uma análise empírica e formal das construções de redobro do sujeito com DPs iniciais de referência definida, a fim de mapear tanto a sua frequência quanto os traços sintático-semânticos e prosódico-discursivos a que estão associados. A amostra provém do Corpus Concordância, parte do “Projeto COMPARAPORT”. Ancorados em Duarte (1995), a nossa hipótese é a de que há uma relação entre o estatuto do Parâmetro do Sujeito Nulo (cf. Chomsky, 1981; Roberts; Holmberg, 2010) e a implementação (frequência e qualidade) de estruturas com o redobro. O arcabouço teórico que guia esta investigação se fundamenta na associação entre a Teoria da Variação e Mudança (Weinreich; Labov; Herzog, 1968) e a Teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros (Chomsky, 1981, e trabalhos subsequentes), uma vez que tal associação nos possibilita relacionar as referidas estruturas a línguas românicas [-SujeitoNulo]. A representação formal segue, até certo ponto, a proposta de Krieck (2022), uma abordagem “cartográfica” para a derivação das construções de redobro do sujeito.
Yengeç Sepeti Sendromunun Akademisyenliğe Yabancılaşma Üzerindeki Rolünün İncelenmesi
Authors: Yeşilkuş Fatma , Özbozkurt Onur Başar , Sezal Necdet
Published: July 2024

Yükselen bireyi aşağıya çekme sendromu olarak bilinen yengeç sepeti sendromu, bir kovadaki yengeçlerin birbirini aşağı çekmesiyle ortaya çıkan bir yaklaşımdır. Etkileşimin yüksek ve nitelikli olması gereken üniversitelerde böyle bir durum ile karşılaşılması, mesleği gereği ülkenin genç nüfusunu yönlendiren ve ülkenin geleceğine yön veren araştırmalar ve faaliyetler yapan akademisyenlerin, akademisyenliğe yabancılaşmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yengeç sepeti sendromunun, eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerine ek olarak bilimsel çalışmalar, idari faaliyetler, toplumsal ve sosyal faaliyetler gibi birçok önemli görevi olan akademisyenlerin, akademisyenliğe yabancılaşma düzeylerini ne ölçüde yordadığını keşfetmektir. Üç bölümden oluşan veri toplama aracı ile kartopu örneklem yöntemi kapsamında 242 akademisyene ulaşılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Araştırmada, ölçeklerin geçerliliğini doğrulamak için AMOS 24 programı ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. SPSS 26.0 nicel analiz programı vasıtasıyla, ölçeklerin güvenirliğini test etmek için Cronbach Alfa katsayısı değerleri hesaplanmıştır. İlgili değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için korelasyon; yengeç sepeti sendromunun akademisyenliğe yabancılaşma ve alt boyutları üzerindeki rolünü incelemek için ise çoklu regresyon analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Analiz bulgularında, yengeç sepeti davranışına maruz kalan akademisyenlerin akademisyenliğe yabancılaştığı, bilimsel araştırma yapmaktan kaçındığı, kendisini akademik süreçlerden izole ederek yalıtılmışlık ve güçsüzlük duygularını ortaya çıkardığı görülmüştür. Yengeç sepeti davranışının etkilerini azaltmak ve akademisyenlerin yabancılaşma hissini önlemek için kurumlar arası destek ağları oluşturulmalı, akademik topluluklar arasında dayanışma ve iş birliği teşvik edilerek, araştırmacıların izole olma eğilimleri engellenmeli ve güçsüzlük duygularını aşmalarına yardımcı olunmalıdır.
Liquid/Liquid Interfaces, Electrochemistry atUpdate based on the original article by Frédéric Reymond, Hubert H. Girault,Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, © 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Authors: Peljo Pekka , Girault Hubert H.
Published: December 2012

This article outlines the electrochemical methodology at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). The fundamental concepts of the thermodynamics in biphasic systems are presented in order to show how ions are distributed between the two adjacent phases and hence, how a Galvani potential difference is established at an ITIES. Polarizable and nonpolarizable ITIES are then characterized, and it is further evidenced that the classical electroanalytical methodology at a solid electrode can be directly transposed to the ITIES, thereby allowing reversible charge‐transfer reactions to be easily monitored and interpreted.

This theoretical approach is completed by a review of the analytical methods used at ITIES, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV), hydrodynamic methods, spectroscopic techniques, and micro‐ and nanointerfaces (which are the biphasic analogs of micro‐ and nanoelectrodes). The last part deals with the practical applications that electrochemistry at ITIES has attracted during the past decades in the development of amperometric and coulometric ion sensors and detectors, detection of macromolecules, extraction of metal ions by interfacial formation of a complex, and assessment of the properties and lipophilicity of ionizable drugs.
Magnetic Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots for Analytical Applications
Authors: Quach Ashley , Bwambok David K. , Tarr Matthew A.
Published: December 2012

Quantum dots (QDs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs; typically 1–100 nm in dimension) have many applications in analytical methods. Quantum dots are semiconductor nanoparticles whose electronic energy levels are substantially controlled by the particle dimensions. This control comes about due to quantum confinement; that is, the size of the particle becomes small compared with the typical exciton size in the bulk material. An exciton is a hole‐electron pair that has been spatially separated due to energy input. QDs have unique optical properties that make them useful as an analytical tool. These properties include broad absorbance spectra, narrow emission spectra, emission wavelength that is tunable by adjusting particle size, high quantum efficiency, and low photobleaching rates. Selectively attaching QDs to target analytes can effectively label the analyte for highly sensitive detection using optical or electrochemical methods. MNPs are commonly made of magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (γ‐Fe2O3). In the nanoscale range, these materials are typically superparamagnetic. The magnetic properties of these nanomaterials allow them to be manipulated by magnetic fields or detected by magnetic means. Furthermore, the relatively low toxicity of iron oxides allow for their use for in vivo applications. This review covers analytical applications of MNPs and QDs. The literature covered is mainly articles that appeared a few years before 2010 to emphasize advances contemporary to this review.
Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation
Authors: Podzimek Stepan
Published: December 2012

The article provides overview of the theory and principles of asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (A4F). Effect of various operational parameters on the resolution of the A4F technique is discussed. For the sake of better understanding, the A4F method is contrasted with widely known size exclusion chromatography (SEC). In contrast to SEC, in which the size restricted permeation of macromolecules into the pores of different size is the major separation mechanism. A4F separates the molecules without contribution of a stationary phase. That is the most distinguished feature of the method, which offers several advantages over SEC. The focus is on the combination of A4F with a multiangle light scattering (MALS) detector, which allows direct determination of molar mass and size distribution and characterization of branching. Theoretical and descriptive part is accomplished by several examples of experimental results obtained by the measurements of typical polymers, nanoparticles, and proteins.
NMRSpectroscopy in Liquid Crystalline and Ordered Phases
Authors: Dong Ronald Y.
Published: December 2012

Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as an analytical tool in liquid crystals (LCs) are surveyed. Proton, deuteron, carbon‐13, and nitrogen‐14 are commonly used as probes in solid‐state NMR of condensed phases. Their usages in LCs are discussed in some details. Complex mathematical expressions needed to interpret NMR observables (both equilibrium and dynamic properties) are kept to a minimum, and the reader can refer to original articles and books for details. As it is impossible to provide an exhaustive coverage of the literature, selective examples are chosen to highlight areas of recent interests in the study of liquid‐crystal materials, particularly thermotropics, in terms of their physics and chemistry. Orientational/positional order parameters are readily obtained in ordered liquid‐crystal phases by means of NMR. They can serve as characteristic signatures of the studied mesophases. Liquid‐crystal ordering depends on intermolecular potentials among neighboring molecules. Solutes dissolved in LC solvents are good candidates to reveal different ordering mechanisms. Nonzero spin interactions are used to determine molecular structure of large and small molecules, and/or their conformation statistics. Nuclear spin relaxation times are readily measured by means of different NMR pulse techniques and can be powerful for revealing dynamic properties of mesogens with increasing structural complexity.
Multidimensional Separations by Ion Mobility‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hines Kelly M. , Enders Jeffrey R. , McLean John A.
Published: December 2012

Ion mobility‐mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) couples gas‐phase structural separations by IM with mass‐to‐charge separations by MS. The utility of this integration of multidimensional separation dimensions is manifold, including (i) high throughput multidimensional separations, (ii) separation of chemical noise, and (iii) rapid information in structural biology. This article introduces the unique advantages of IM‐MS in biological fields ranging from systems biology to structural biology, the context of which is introduced by a historical perspective of key advances accomplished over the last century. Contemporary and emerging technology for performing IM‐MS is presented, and applications using conformational data sets in proteomics, glycomics, and lipidomics are described.
Archaeology
Authors: Hunter John
Published: December 2012

Forensic archaeology is the application of archaeological theory within modern criminal investigation, typically in the search for and recovery of buried human remains. This can apply in individual or mass graves. The topic has several elements: method and stratigraphy, search, recovery, and mass graves. The method considers the underlying principles of stratigraphy, which can allow remains to be interpreted in terms of buried context and chronology, and the importance of treating the burial itself as a crime scene. The search for buried remains can involve the use of aerial photography and imagery, geophysical survey, cadaver dogs, fieldcraft, probing, and trial excavation. The importance of noninvasive methods is highlighted, as is the need to use complementary methods, especially in geophysics. Stress is laid on the importance of creating records and on eliminating areas with confidence. Records are also important in the recovery of buried remains, given that archaeology is a nonrepeatable process. The importance of using half‐sections is stressed, as is the need to recognize stratigraphic boundaries and avoid contamination. The application of archaeology to mass graves requires archaeologists to be familiar with manifestations of human rights abuse, torture, and machine excavation, and to understand issues pertaining to primary and secondary graves.
Earprint Comparison: Automated Systems
Authors: Junod Stéphane , Champod Christophe
Published: December 2012

The use of earmark as a means of personal identification has been widely debated in recent years, especially in relation to its associative power. Several systems for automatic comparison have been developed either as investigative tools to manage the search for marks or prints in large databases or to help establish the scientific basis on which an expert may rely to form a conclusion. This article describes these systems and their performances.
Firearms: Air Weapons, Legislation
Authors: Heard Brian J.
Published: December 2012

The legislation pertains to air weapons in various countries such as Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Israel, Japan, Malta, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, Poland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States.
Handwriting and Signatures, Comparison of
Authors: Found Bryan
Published: December 2012

The examination of handwritten images for the purpose of determining whether there is evidence to support the proposition that the author of a known sample of writing was responsible for a sample in question is one of the oldest of the forensic science disciplines. Forensic handwriting examiners (FHEs) subjectively compare a wide range of writing characteristics between known and questioned populations of writings and interpret these in order to form opinions regarding evidence of authorship. FHEs also examine handwriting and signatures that are the product of disguise or simulation behaviors. A review of contemporary positions regarding the basis of handwriting science is presented along with descriptions of typical handwriting and signing behaviors commonly encountered in forensic casework.
Postmortem Toxicology: Specimens
Authors: Jones Graham R.
Published: December 2012

This article outlines the specimens available for toxicological examination in postmortem cases and their potential value for detecting and measuring drugs and other toxicants. Postmortem blood concentrations of many drugs can vary in concentration depending on the location in the body from which the blood is drawn and the volume collected. This is because many drugs concentrate in the major organs and tissues when alive, but diffuse out of those tissues after death, causing local increases in blood drug concentrations. To recognize when these postmortem artifacts occur and assist the interpretation of toxicology findings, collection and analysis of multiple blood and tissue samples is sometimes necessary. The advantages and disadvantages of the various blood and tissue types are listed and discussed.
Reconstruction: Three Dimensional
Authors: Mastruko Vojin
Published: December 2012

Three‐dimensional reconstruction (visualization) in the forensic field of application is the deployment of a set of different computer technologies aiming to achieve the reconstruction of a shooting case and the explanation of material traces at the scene of a crime, on a suspect, or on a victim.
Mitigation Testimony
Authors: Salekin Karen L. , Hedge Krystal
Published: December 2012

The presentation of mitigating factors is critical to effective representation of defendants charged with capital murder. Since 1972, The Supreme Court of the United States has clearly indicated that triers‐of‐fact must be provided the opportunity to consider all mitigating factors before determining the sentence. InLockett v. Ohio, The Court unequivocally stated that mitigating factors include “any aspect of character or record, and any circumstance of the offense that might serve as a basis for a sentence less than death” and are not limited to those defined by statute. The decision inLockettopened the floor for the presentation of numerous factors among the many is an evaluation of the risk and protective factors that influenced the life course of the defendant. Of critical importance is the comprehensive investigation of the developmental trajectory of the defendant, and transmission of this information to the trier of fact.
Alcohol: Use, Tolerance, and Dependency
Authors: Brick John
Published: December 2012

The interpretation of toxicology evidence often requires understanding and discussion of the behavioral and psychological characteristics of the alleged intoxicated person. If a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder, tolerance, or alcoholism is available for clinical purposes, jurors, chemists, generalists, and others can misinterpret such terms if they are not explained using current definitions. To avoid misleading descriptions or erroneous conclusions in forensic cases involving different types of drinkers, we review and define alcohol, alcohol use, tolerance, and dependence, which are particularly relevant to forensic evaluations, as well as new diagnostic terms and definitions in the field.