bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Metformin and Imeglimin: Exploring Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Nagendra Lakshmi , Bhattacharya Saptarshi , Bhat Sowrabha , Dutta Deep , Kamrul-Hasan A. B. M. , Kalra Sanjay
Published: February 2024

The landscape of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management is evolving with the emergence of imeglimin alongside the longstanding use of metformin. While both drugs share structural similarities and target mitochondrial complex I, they exhibit distinct mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects. Imeglimin, with its mitochondrial modulation and competitive inhibition of complex I, holds promise in mitigating beta-cell dysfunction, improving insulin sensitivity, and offering potential cardiovascular benefits. Efficacy studies suggest comparable outcomes with metformin, underscoring the utility of imeglimin as a valuable addition to the T2DM armamentarium. There is mixed evidence on the cardio-renal benefits of metformin while imeglimin’s tissue-protective effects in preclinical studies offer a glimpse into potential cardiovascular advantages. Studies suggest imeglimin’s superior gastrointestinal tolerability. Imeglimin’s potential as an anti-diabetic agent is further underscored by its diverse combination options. In clinical practice, metformin remains a cornerstone in the management of T2DM. Imeglimin, with its lesser gastrointestinal side effects and theoretically lower risk of lactic acidosis, offers a compelling alternative, particularly in patients intolerant to metformin. With preliminary signs pointing toward potential cardiovascular and renal benefits of imeglimin, exploring its application in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease presents an enticing prospect. As the field advances, adopting a nuanced and personalized approach to T2DM management could lead to imeglimin carving out a significant niche in the dynamic landscape of diabetes therapeutics.
Ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam combination synergy against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative isolates: In vitro study
Authors: Rajan Reena , Rao A. V. Raghavendra , Kumar Mathavi Suresh
Published: February 2024

Background:

The ceftazidime-avibactam combination is able to inhibit ESBLs, AmpCs and Class A carbapenemases and has been recommended for the treatment of complicated UTIs and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia.

Aims:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and to determine the synergistic activity of aztreonam/ceftazidime-avibactam combination against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.

Materials and Methods:

Gram-negative isolates that exhibited resistance to at least one of the carbapenems (imipenem or meropenem) by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method were subjected to phenotypic characterisation by the Vitek-2 automated method. Phenotypically confirmed isolates were subjected to ceftazidime/avibactam-aztreonam synergy testing by disc diffusion method.

Results:

Twenty-two carbapenem-resistant isolates showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4–64 μg/mL for imipenem and 8–64 μg/mL for meropenem. Out of 22 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 18 (81.82%) isolates showed resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam, and 2 (9.09%) isolates showed intermediate resistance to aztreonam. Nine (40.91%) isolates showed synergy to ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam combination by disc diffusion method. An increase in zone diameter of 5–23 mm and 5–16 mm was observed with the ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam combination for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, respectively, when compared to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam disc tested alone. Out of 21 Enterobacterales studied, 21 (100%) isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (≥32 μg/mL) and piperacillin-tazobactam (128 μg/mL), 12 (57.14%) isolates showed resistance to gentamicin (≥16 μg/mL), 5 (23.81%) isolates were resistant to amikacin (≥64 μg/mL), 21 (100%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (≥4 μg/mL), 19 (90.48%) isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole (≥320 μg/mL), 21 (100%) isolates were resistant to cefepime (≥16 μg/mL) and 6 (28.57%) isolates were resistant to tigecycline (2 μg/mL).

Conclusion:

In the present study, 42.86% of Enterobacterales isolates showed synergism to the ceftazidime-avibactam/aztreonam combination. The optimal dosing strategy and in vivo efficacy of this combination need to be evaluated.
The man who petted sandflies: A rare case of visceral leishmaniasis with panhypopituitarism
Authors: Hari Arjun B. , Chawla Kunal , Dessai Rishikesh , Langer Sabina , Gulati Shipra
Published: February 2024

Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania transmitted through infected sandfly bites, manifests in various clinical forms, including visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a severe condition prevalent in developing countries like India. Treatment failure is a known complication in VL patients. This case report details a unique case of treatment failure VL in a 56-year-old male. The patient’s 8-month medical journey involved diagnostic dilemmas, hospitalisations and failed treatments, reflecting the challenges in diagnosing and managing VL. Despite appropriate liposomal amphotericin B therapy, the disease persisted, prompting further investigation and unravelling the persistence of infection due to underlying panhypopituitarism induced by a pituitary adenoma, causing immunocompromised status. The patient received treatment according to the schedule with liposomal amphotericin B and was subsequently discharged under secondary prophylaxis with the same, in addition to hormonal supplementation. This report contributes to unravelling the intricacies associated with VL and providing insights into factors that impact treatment outcomes, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of 18 Cases with Suspected Congenital Long QT Syndrome: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gu Chunyu , Zhang Ying , Sun Mei , Zhou Feiyu , Cai Chunquan
Published: February 2024

Background:

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by prolonged QT interval in electrocardiogram (ECG), which is highly associated with sudden cardiac death (malignant arrhythmia). The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of LQTS in children.

Materials and Methods:

Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed in 18 probands with prolonged QT interval on the surface ECG. The pathogenicity of the detected variants was evaluated.

Results:

44.4% (8/18) of patients were diagnosed with LQTS in the QT prolongation cohort, among which five variants in KCNQ1 and three in SCN5A were detected. Syncope was the primary manifestation. The mean QTc for variant-positive patients was 522 ± 36 ms and that for patients with negative results was 481 ± 15 ms. High probability (7/11, 63.6%) of LQTS presented among the patients with high Schwartz score (Schwartz score ≥3.5). Partial variant carrier parents had no symptoms but prolonged QTc on ECG. Besides, a case masquerading as epilepsy was reported.

Conclusions:

For a rapid and accurate diagnosis of LQTS, genetic testing should be combined with assessment of clinical information and ECG. Moreover, routine ECG examination is proposed in seizure patients to avoid misdiagnosis. Two novel variants in SCN5A were detected and the variant spectrum of which was expanded. Besides, we discuss incomplete penetrance and phenotypic heterogeneity of LQTS and suggest focusing on the variant carriers with no obvious symptoms.
Cognitive Function in Atrial Fibrillation: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Mechanisms
Authors: Agarwal Rakesh , Tully Phillip J. , Mahajan Rajiv
Published: February 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cognitive impairment, with or without history of stroke. The risk of developing cognitive impairment is increased after clinical stroke. Prospective registries confirm the increased risk of both vascular and Alzheimer’s dementia in patients with AF. The purported mechanistic links between AF and cognitive impairment are clinical stroke, subclinical cerebral small-vessel disease, autonomic dysfunction, and systemic and neuroinflammation. Several shared risk factors and genetics also contribute to this interplay. In this review, we explore the evidence bridging cognitive impairment with AF and review the mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
Unique laparoscopic emergency management of traumatic obstructed abdominal wall hernia: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Aljuhani Arwa M. , Al Saied Ghaith A. , Reyaz Arjmand , Alkahlan Mohammed A. , Aljohani Ibrahim M. , Abukhater Muhammed M.
Published: February 2024

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia (TAWH) is a rare clinical occurrence, with only limited cases published since 1906. This type of hernia is primarily caused by low- or high-energy blunt force trauma, resulting in damage to abdominal wall musculature while the skin is intact. The diagnosis and management of TAWH poses a lot of challenges and complexities. Herein, we present a case of a 32-year-old male Saudi patient who sustained significant abdominal trauma as a driver involved in a front collision while wearing a seat belt. Upon arrival at the trauma center, the patient was hemodynamically stable and exhibited clinical signs of left flank bulge, seat belt sign, and abdominal bruising. First, a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) was performed, which revealed minimal free fluid in the abdomen. Subsequent contrast-enhanced IV computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a 3.6-cm left lateral abdominal wall defect with herniation of short segments of the large and small bowel loops and adjacent subcutaneous fluid. Following initial observation, the patient developed signs of bowel obstruction. A repeat CT scan showed interval progression of the hernia, partial small bowel obstruction, and other concerning findings. An emergency laparoscopic exploration revealed a large defect at the left lumber region containing omentum and long segments of the small bowel with mild distension. The bowel and omentum were reduced. The surgical repair included herniorrhaphy and mesh placement. The patient recovered well and was discharged on the third postoperative day. This case underscores the importance of thorough evaluation and timely intervention in TAWHs. Rapid surgical management, aided by advanced imaging techniques, can lead to favorable outcomes even in complex cases involving bowel herniation and associated complications.
Socioeconomic and regional patterns of child nutritional inequality between tribal and non-tribal communities in India: An analysis based on National Family Health Survey 5 (2019–21)
Authors: Panda Paramjot
Published: February 2024

Background: Despite India’s impressive economic growth and the implementation of a large-scale antimalnutrition program, the country continues to face the highest levels of child malnutrition globally. Among the affected children, half of those under the age of 3 years, in both tribal and nontribal populations, are underweight, while a third of the wealthiest children experience overnutrition. Economic inequality plays a significant role in contributing to malnutrition in both tribal and nontribal communities. Therefore, utilizing data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (2019–21), the present study aims to examine the socioeconomic disparities in childhood malnutrition across all 640 districts of India, with a specific focus on tribal and nontribal populations. Methods: The analysis includes a sample of children aged 0 to 59 months from tribal and nontribal communities. Sociodemographic, personal, clinical, and environmental factors are considered as independent variables. The outcomes of interest include stunting, wasting, and underweight, which are assessed using binary variables. Linear modeling are used to determine the associations between the independent variables and child undernutrition. Results: The study reported a negative Z value (−4.763), indicating greater overall inequality in the tribal population compared to the nontribal population. In terms of odds ratios, females had lower odds of being underweight in both tribal and nontribal populations. Children aged 1 to 2 years had higher odds of being underweight compared to those aged 1 year. The duration of breastfeeding showed varying associations, with breastfeeding for 7 to 12 months increased the risk of underweight in nontribal areas, while longer durations (13–24 and >24 months) were associated with higher chances of wasting in nontribal areas. Higher maternal age at first birth, higher education levels, and sufficient antenatal care visits were protective factors against underweight in both populations. A higher wealth index consistently correlated with reduced odds of underweight in both tribal and nontribal populations. Institutional delivery was associated with higher odds of underweight in tribal areas but lower odds in nontribal areas. Conclusion: The study concludes that in order to address the socioeconomic disparities contributing to stunting, wasting, and undernutrition among tribal populations, targeted interventions are required. These interventions should focus on improving access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, particularly among tribal communities. Additionally, policies should aim to reduce income inequality and promote inclusive economic development, ensuring that the benefits of progress are equitably distributed across all population groups. By addressing these socioeconomic factors, it is possible to improve the nutritional status and overall well-being of tribal populations.
Acceptability and feasibility of delivering family intervention for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Egypt
Authors: Wahid Rasha , Lazarus Eilean Rathinasamy , Amirtharaj Anandhi Deva
Published: February 2024

Background: In Egypt as elsewhere, patients with schizophrenia and their families confront unique obstacles. This study examined the views of important stakeholders’ on the feasibility, approval, and obstacles of family intervention programs for schizophrenia in Egypt to address these issues. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the perspectives of stakeholders regarding the feasibility, acceptability, and obstacles associated with providing family intervention for schizophrenia in Egypt. Methods: The research took place at El-Maamoura Hospital in Alexandria and included a total of 37 participants. These participants were divided into seven focus groups, with 25 individuals being health professionals and the remaining 12 individuals being caregivers. Concurrently, data collection and analysis were carried out using the qualitative research method, employing the framework analysis to process the transcripts. Results: The participants highlighted the importance of families feeling accepted and well-informed regarding the nature of the illness. In conclusion, the participants suggested making changes to the intervention’s content by incorporating details about the illness, providing emotional support, and including culturally appropriate coping mechanisms. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is determined by the study that before implementing family intervention for schizophrenia, it is crucial to make cultural adjustments to ensure its acceptability. The findings of the study offer valuable insights for the development and execution of family intervention programs for schizophrenia in Egypt. Implication for Clinical Practice: It is crucial to culturally adapt a modified family interventions to cater to the cultural requirements of families and healthcare professionals in Egypt, as this could potentially result in improved outcomes for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their families.
An Overview of Various Approaches for Brain Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Parthiban R. , M. Mothilal , Bhupathyraaj Mullaicharam , Sridhar Sathvik B. , Shareef Javedh , Thomas Sabin , Janakiraman Ashok Kumar
Published: February 2024

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system, one of the body’s most fragile microenvironments, by controlling its homeostasis. The BBB is a very complex system that strictly restricts the transport of ions from the blood to the brain of a confined amount of tiny molecules and a much lower number of large molecules, defending the brain from diseases and injuries. However, the BBB severely inhibits drug transport to the brain, hindering the treatment of various neurological problems. As a result, numerous techniques are under development to improve drug delivery across the BBB. This review summarizes the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the barriers and the current drug delivery strategies for the brain. Although these methods provide many fascinating possibilities for targeting and brain delivery, only a few have progressed to the point where they can be used safely and effectively in humans. In addition, concerted efforts using a variety of other methodologies will enable the translation of preclinical findings into tangible clinical applications in the targeted delivery of drugs.
Risk of COVID-19 among patients with respiratory illnesses and comorbidities at Eastern Province of Sri Lanka: A retrospective study
Authors: Razmy Athambawa Mohamed , Rahman Ahamed Lebbe Failur , Lazarus Eilean Rathinasamy , Rajab Thuvan Raheem , Ilahi Mohamed Meerasahib Maroosathul
Published: February 2024

Background: There is a general belief that patients with comorbidities have a higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent death. However, there are significant gaps in understanding these risks. Objective: The study aimed to assess the risk of COVID-19 among respiratory illness patients admitted to the hospital with comorbidities. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a hospital in Sri Lanka, where the records of 428 patients with respiratory illness were studied for COVID-19 infection and comorbidities from 2020 to 2022. Results: In this sample, 67.1% had been infected with COVID-19 and 51.6% had comorbidities. The age group ≥60 years had two times higher risk for comorbidities, and the most frequently occurring condition was hypertension (58.8%). Surprisingly, the infection rate of COVID-19 among patients with comorbidities was 28% lower compared to patients with no comorbidities, but the odds ratio (OR) for dying was greater once the patient with comorbidities was infected with COVID-19 (OR = 7.5). An increased risk of death was observed for COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus (OR = 2), hypertension (OR = 2.5), heart diseases (OR = 4.3), and renal diseases (OR = 2.4). Conclusion: It was surprising to find that the infection rate and risk of death due to COVID-19 were lower among patients with chronic lung diseases. This could be due to early death at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, less hospital admissions for patients with chronic lung diseases, or resistance to COVID-19, and these are factors that require further exploration.
Development and nutritional and sensory evaluation of ragi, bajra, and white soybean incorporated adai: Traditional South Indian food for pregnant women with micronutrient deficiency
Authors: Ilangovan Pratheesha , Subramaniam Aruna , Vembu Radha , Selvi Silambu
Published: February 2024

Background: Pregnant women have increased nutritional needs to support the growth of the baby, placenta, and maternal tissues. Inadequate dietary intake of these essential nutrients can lead to maternal-fetal complications. Hence, this study has developed a micronutrient-rich adai to educate and encourage pregnant women to incorporate it into their regular diet. Aims: The aim of this study was to develop a micronutrient-rich adai using millets, grains, green leaves, and spices and to evaluate its sensory characteristics and nutritional qualities. Methods: A micronutrient-rich adai was prepared with four food groups: (1) cereals and millets, (2) legumes and grains, (3) green leaves, and (4) spices in three different formulations: type I, type II, and type III, with the ratios of [1,2,3+4] are 50:30:20, 40:30:30, and 40:20:40, respectively. Sensory evaluation was conducted among 20 pregnant women using 9-point hedonic scales for color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. The nutritional analysis was performed using Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC) (2016) methods. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 21. Results: Type I adai was well accepted, with a mean score of 36.85, while type II (27.65) and type III (28.5) scored lower. One-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in mean scores, with type I adai being statistically significant (P < 0.05). Nutrient analysis indicated adequate amounts of iron, calcium, and vitamin D. Conclusion: The study revealed that the type I combination of adai was found to be more palatable compared to the other two types and rich in calcium and iron. This suggests that mothers can be motivated to incorporate it into their diet.
Detection and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Inception V3 and Xception Architectures
Authors: Sathiya V. , Shenbagavalli B. , Nirupa V. , Subramani Kavitha
Published: February 2024

Patients with diabetes usually develop a condition called diabetic retinopathy (DR), resulting from retinal damage. This impairment usually happens when the glucose levels in the blood are elevated, finally causing a blockage in the blood vessels that feed a part of the eye called the retina and finally severing it from the blood supply. Therefore, the eye attempts to produce fresh blood cells. But these cells are either poorly developed or weak. So, it can be leaked out easily. Hence, to lessen the severe effects of this disease, these patients must be diagnosed as soon as possible. Earlier, a number of approaches were put forth to recognise this illness using machine learning algorithms, image processing, and other techniques. The diagnosis process of this disease involves pre-processing of coloured images of the fundus, extraction of clinical features and classification of retinopathy. In this research, fundus photography of the retina is utilised to accelerate the detection of various kinds of retinopathy caused by diabetes based on convolutional neural network (CNN) pre-trained transfer learning algorithm. Inception V3 and Xception are used in this model to determine and categorise diabetic retinopathy, respectively. As a result, people with this disease can lower their risk of exposure to permanent blindness.
Efficacy of Stroke Empowerment Program on Stroke Knowledge among Caregivers with Stroke Survivors
Authors: Devi Bamini
Published: February 2024

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are the leading cause of mortality in the world. This invisible epidemic is an under-appreciated cause of poverty and hinders the economic development of many countries. The burden is growing − the number of people, families, and communities afflicted is increasing. Aim: To determine the efficacy of the stroke empowerment program (SEP) on knowledge among caregivers of patients with stroke. To associate the knowledge of stroke with the demographic variables of caregivers. Methods: A quantitative research method was adopted. Caregivers of patients with stroke who fulfill eligibility criteria were chosen. The sample size was 85 caregivers in the study, and 85 caregivers in the control groups were recruited by the lottery method. SEP was implemented for the study group caregivers. The posttest assessments were taken on the 30th, 90th, and 180th days for both groups. Results: The comparison of knowledge on stroke between the study and control group caregivers during the pretest, the mean scores were 6.35 in the study group and 6.89 in the control group, and statistically, there was no significant difference in the pretest. The posttest knowledge mean score was 11.46, 11.68, and 11.52 in the study group and 7.42, 7.58, and 7.48 in the control group during posttests I, II, and III, respectively. The mean score was higher in the study group than the control group caregivers during posttests and was statistically significant at the P < 0.01 level. Conclusion: Findings concluded that the combination of interventions like structured teaching, an information booklet on “Life after stroke,” telephonic reminders, and reinforcement has a positive impact on stroke knowledge among caregivers of stroke survivors.
Atrial septal defect and zero positive end-expiratory pressure: A case report
Authors: Samson Hema Roslin , Al-Mamari Rashid , Lazarus Eilean Rathinasamy
Published: February 2024

This case report aims to investigate the impact of zero Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) on the respiratory parameters of a patient following atrial septal defect repair who requires mechanical ventilation. We present the case of a 33-year-old patient who had been experiencing recurrent chest infections accompanied by copious cough with greenish sputum since 2009, without experiencing shortness of breath. The patient had no significant childhood illnesses and had initially been treated with frequent antibiotics at a local health center, which did not lead to symptom improvement. Subsequently, the patient was referred to a tertiary level University Hospital and underwent a series of diagnostic investigations. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a defect in the superior and posterior location of the interatrial septum, measuring approximately 16mm with left-to-right flow. This defect was situated at the insertion of the superior vena cava, consistent with a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect. The examination also revealed a moderately dilated right atrium and mild-to-moderate tricuspid regurgitation. Consequently, the patient underwent intracardiac repair of the atrial septal defect on cardiopulmonary bypass. In light of the ongoing increase in symptoms, right ventricle remodeling, and pulmonary artery pressure as the patient ages, it is essential to consider recommencing atrial septal defect closure early after diagnosis, regardless of the presence of symptoms..
Challenges of Implementing Telemedicine Technology: A systematized Review
Authors: Hadian Marziye , Jelodar Zahra Khakdel , Khanbebin Mohammadreza Jabbari , Atafimanesh Pezhman , Asiabar Ali Sarabi , Dehagani Seyed Mehdi Hejazi
Published: February 2024

Background:

Today, the technologies in the world are rapidly evolving, and global infrastructure of information is spreading rapidly. The health system of different countries is facing a variety of challenges in order to apply telemedicine services. The aim of this study was to determine the challenges facing the health system of different countries in the application of telemedicine.

Method:

The present research was conducted in 2022 as a systematized review of studies related to challenges of telemedicine. In this study, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) and Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) guidelines were used to assess the articles. The keywords “telemedicine,” “telehealth,” “E-health,” and “tele care” were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. The ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ovid, Pro Quest, Wiley, and Google Scholar were searched.

Results:

In this study, based on the search strategy, databases were searched from January 2012 to January 2022, and in the final stage, analysis was performed on 27 selected identified articles. The use of telemedicine technology faced major formality and legality, required bandwidth, development of multilingual systems, economic efficiency, available patterns, payment for services, moral barriers, social status, differences and national and legal contradictions in the world, lack of insurance coverage challenges, and so on. Recognizing gaps and challenges can provide a way to fill these gaps and create opportunities for improvement.

Conclusions:

Utilizing telemedicine technology can be considered as an effective step in the health system. This technology has weaknesses that may challenge it. Successful application of telemedicine technology cannot be very effective without removing these barriers.
Standard manufacturing process of Aadityapaka Guduchi Taila with unique Pakavidhi (Aadityapaka): a Sneha Kalpana
Authors: Bala Anku , Lakhran Ashok Kumar , Kotecha Mita , Chaudhary Krutika
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Since the Vedic era, Ayurveda has promoted natural components to develop a healthy lifestyle and eradicate the disease’s underlying cause by restoring homeostasis. Recently, the acceptability of herbal formulations has grown profusely and garnered global attention. Ayurveda system is enriched with single herbs and polyherbal formulations prepared with different processes. Standardization of a polyherbal formulation process is more essential. Aadityapaka Guduchi Taila (AGT) is a formulation of Chakradutta for Hair fall and is prepared with a peculiar manufacturing process using sunlight.

METHODS:

AGT was prepared after proper identification and authentication of ingredients as per the standards mentioned in the API. Pharmacognostic and pharmaceutical analyses were carried out to adequately assess the finished product from the viewpoints of efficacy, and quality.

RESULTS:

The oil prepared from Aadityapaka vidhi was dark orange in color, Ugragandha (strong) in odor pertaining to Jatamansi, and had a greasy consistency. The loss of oil was observed more in the process due to the powder texture of the ingredients.

CONCLUSION:

There are very few scientific references reported for the Adityapaka process (oil prepared in sunlight). The current study illustrated the standardization of AGT process. The study may be employed as a reference for future research.
Formulation and evaluation of new herbal nutraceutical tablet for the treatment of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Debnath Bikash , Manna Kuntal , Singh Waikhom Somraj , Goswami Sanchari
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Herbal nutraceutical dosage forms a dietary supplement that improves various chronic diseases. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate new herbal nutraceutical tablets and assess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemia effects in ob/ob mice.

METHODS:

A herbal nutraceutical tablet was prepared by the wet granulation method. Proximate composition was determined by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. The high-performance liquid chromatography method was used for the estimation of water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for analyzing trace elements. Oral glucose tolerance tests and biochemicals were analyzed to assess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemia effects in ob/ob mice.

RESULTS:

Herbal nutraceutical tablet contains a good amount of energy. Iron, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, iodine, copper, zinc, and calcium were present in the newly formulated herbal tablets. A reasonable amount of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins were also present. Administration of newly developed herbal nutraceutical tablets (200 mg/kg) in ob/ob mice significantly improved the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemia effects compared to the standard drug metformin (200 mg/kg).

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on these findings, a newly formulated herbal nutraceutical tablet may be recommended as a dietary supplement and can be utilized as an active type 2 diabetes drug.
Determination of total phenolic content, total antioxidants, and GC–MS analysis of two different solvent extracts of Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hallier f. Twigs grown in Bundelkhand region of India
Authors: Verma Kritika , Yadav Surabhi , Zahra Kaneez
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hallier f. (MQ) is a species of Merremia belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. It is a herbaceous prostrate or climbing vine that is well-known for its ability to heal burns, scalds, and sores. This study aimed to estimate the total phenolic content and antioxidants and characterize the phytochemical constituents of methanolic and aqueous extracts of MQ twigs.

METHODS:

The dried powdered twigs of MQ were extracted with methanol and distilled water by hot percolation method. These two prepared extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to characterize the chemical constituents of crude extracts. The Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method was used to determine the total phenolic content of both extracts, and their total antioxidant content was determined using a phospho-molybdate assay.

RESULTS:

The results of GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 major peaks of different phytochemicals in the methanol extract and 16 major peaks of various phytochemicals in the distilled water extract. These phytochemicals were identified by comparing their retention time and mass spectra with the literature. In addition, the methanol extract contained high phenolic content but less antioxidant than distilled water extract.

CONCLUSION:

This study shows that twigs of the MQ plant are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can play an important role in drug design to deal with many diseases.
Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Herbal and Nonherbal Root Canal Irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study
Authors: Ganesh Greeshma , Chandru T. P. , Peedikayil Faizal C. , Kottayi Soni , Divakar Neethu P. , Aparna T. P.
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most prevalent pathogens in infected root canals. Even though the role of irrigants in controlling pathogens is well established, there is a chance for drug resistance and cytotoxicity in using chemical irrigants, Therefore newer researches have forced the man to look the herbal way.

Aim of the Study:

This study aims to evaluate and compare the anti-bacterial effects of nonherbal and herbal root canal irrigants on E. faecalis.

Methodology:

The study was conducted on 110 permanent extracted human teeth each root canal was inoculated with a culture suspension of E. faecalis and then randomly assigned into groups, (i) Herbal group (QMix™ 2 in 1, Endoseptone, Biopure MTAD) and (ii) Nonherbal group (Morinda citrifolia juice, Triphala juice, Coconut milk), and control group (Sodium hypochlorite and Distilled water). Colony forming units (CFUs) were evaluated and counted at baseline (S0), immediatedly after irrigation (S1) and after 3 days (S2). The Friedman two-way ANOVA was used to compare the obtained mean of log CFU.

Results:

Both the herbal and nonherbal groups had a significant reduction in the number of CFUs. The greatest anti-microbial effects were observed in nonherbal group against E. faecalis.

Conclusion:

While the herbal group also demonstrated significant reductions, the nonherbal group experienced the greatest overall anti-microbial effects of the various irrigants. Research into the herbal irrigants is necessary since they have the potential to be effective irrigants.
Limb Salvage in a Mangled Foot Using Combined External and Internal Fixation
Authors: Kaul Rajiv , Iqbal Mohammed Schezan , Akhoon Neha
Published: February 2024

Historically, mangled extremities were generally treated with a primary amputation. Advancements in surgical repair and reconstruction have increased the possibility of salvage in the limbs damaged by high-energy trauma, with a reasonably functional outcome. The Mangled Extremity Severity Score is a useful guide for evaluating and managing a crushed limb. However, most literature does not support the practicality of any particular scoring system to discriminate between the limbs requiring amputation and those likely to be salvaged successfully. In young patients, without significant comorbidities and borderline injury scores, an earnest attempt at limb salvage should be made. The case report highlights how shared and timely decision-making coupled with the innovative use of the Ilizarov apparatus, in a seemingly distraught situation, led to successful salvage and restoration of function.
Complications and Errors in Guided Growth Surgery
Authors: Burghardt Rolf D. , von der Heydt Kevin , Heckel Natascha , Herzenberg John E. , Burgkart Rainer
Published: February 2024

Objectives:

Guided growth (GG) is a widely used treatment option in growing children with varus/valgus deformities (VVD) or limb length discrepancy (LLD). The outcomes of these different techniques have been widely reported. There is, however, a paucity of reports addressing adverse events (AEs) of GG. We reviewed the clinical results of GG for VVD or LLD with an emphasis on describing AE.

Methods:

AEs were collected and analyzed for all cases treated at a single European institution with GG for VVD or LLD. AEs were classified into five categories: improper indications, malpositioned implants, errors in timing of hardware removal, general surgical complications, and implant failures/incomplete removals.

Results:

During the defined time period, 117 patients for LLD and 106 patients were operated for VVD. In total, there were 111 AEs (LLD = 60, VVD = 51). These were subdivided into categories: improper indications (31) (LLD = 20, VVD = 11), malpositioned implants (26) (LLD = 23, VVD = 3), errors in timing of hardware removal (25) (LLD = 9, VVD = 16), general surgical complications (20) (LLD = 5, VVD = 15), and implant failures/incomplete removals (9) (LLD = 3, VVD = 6).

Conclusions:

Most AEs can be avoided through correct radiological analysis of limb alignment and a basic understanding of the principles of GG. Furthermore, it is essential to place the implant precisely and ensure regular follow-up evaluations. While ostensibly a simple procedure, therapeutic decisions regarding planning of GG need to be thoughtfully made, the actual performance of the GG surgery should not be relegated to an under-supervised junior team member. Careful follow-up is imperative.
Comparing the Efficacy of Different Maintenance Intervals on Preventing Disease Recurrence in Patients with A History of Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Ganji Kiran K. , Alam Mohammad K. , Alkhwaitm Mohammed Ali , Al-Hammad Kholood A S , Sultan Sherif
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Scheduled maintenance appointments after periodontal treatment are very much critical for the success of the treatment. This is necessary for patients seeking to prevent disease recurrence and maintain oral health

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to assess the efficacy of various maintenance intervals in preventing disease recurrence among patients with a history of periodontal treatment. We gathered data from a diverse group of patients who had undergone periodontal treatment and tracked their oral health over an extended period.

Results:

Our findings reveal compelling insights into the optimal maintenance intervals. Patients who attended maintenance appointments at three-month intervals showed a significant reduction in disease recurrence by 40%, compared to those at six-month intervals. Moreover, those on annual intervals experienced a disease recurrence rate of 60%

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our study underscores the importance of regular maintenance appointments after periodontal treatment. Patients who attend appointments every three months have a significantly lower risk of disease recurrence. These findings emphasize the need for tailored maintenance schedules to ensure long-term oral health.
Community Water Fluoridation and its Influence on Periodontal Health in Different Age Groups
Authors: Dixit Arti , Tanpure Vijaysinh Ramchandra , Jaiswal Piyush , Rameshchandra Pallavi Tripathi , Shetty Deeksha , Mandal Swastidipa , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal , Kumar Amit
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Community water fluoridation is a well-recognized public health initiative known for its efficacy in preventing dental cavities. The positive effects of fluoride on tooth enamel have led to widespread implementation of water fluoridation programs

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved 1,000 participants from diverse age groups, spanning children, adolescents, adults, and older adults, residing in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities. Comprehensive periodontal assessments included measurements of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and the presence of gingival inflammation. Participants were categorized into “fluoridated” or “non-fluoridated” groups based on their residential history.

Results:

Fluoridated communities consistently displayed lower mean PDs, CALs, and rates of gingival inflammation across all age groups. Notably, the reduction in PD and CAL reached approximately 0.5 millimeters and 0.3 millimeters, respectively, while the decrease in gingival inflammation ranged from 3% to 5%

Conclusion:

This study suggests a potential link between community water fluoridation and enhanced periodontal health, as evidenced by improved PDs, CALs, and reduced gingival inflammation.
Investigate how Frequently Dental Professionals Conduct Oral Cancer Screenings During Routine Dental Check-Ups and the Methods they Use
Authors: Kumararama Sindhu Sudhakar , Patel Sejal , Parekh Nirav Hemant , Bhate Purvi , Kukreja Bhavna Jha , Hazra Trina , Kumar Amit , Badiyani Bhumika Kamal
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Oral cancer is a significant global health concern with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection during routine dental check-ups is crucial for improved patient outcomes. Dental professionals play a pivotal role in conducting oral cancer screenings, but the frequency and methods they employ remain understudied.

Aim:

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the frequency of oral cancer screenings during routine dental check-ups conducted by dental professionals and the methods they commonly use

Materials and Methods:

A survey was administered to 500 dental professionals, including dentists and dental hygienists, representing diverse demographics and practice settings. The survey collected data on the frequency of oral cancer screenings and the primary methods employed. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis.

Results:

The study found that 85% of dental professionals conduct oral cancer screenings during routine dental check-ups, with 48% performing them annually and 33% at every visit. Visual inspection (97%) and palpation (83%) were the most commonly used methods, while adjunctive screening tools (45%) were less frequently incorporated

Conclusion:

Dental professionals are actively engaged in oral cancer screenings during routine dental check-ups, demonstrating a commitment to early detection. Visual inspection and palpation are commonly employed methods, but there is room for improvement in the adoption of adjunctive screening tools.
Comparative Evaluation of Octenidine with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Amrita Amrita , Agarwal Prerna , Agarwal Manvi Chandra , Agarwal Ashutosh , Garg Jaishree , Mehra Parth
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) has been still regarded as the most efficient mouthwash. Due to its recognized negative effects, it can only be used for a short duration. Octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT), an antiseptic substance found by Sterling Winthrop in the 1980s, has proven helpful in preventing the co-aggregation of dental plaque microbial invaders without disrupting the typical, healthy oral flora. However, there is very little research on octenidine’s effectiveness as a mouthwash for preventing plaque. Therefore, this study is being conducted to examine the effectiveness of mouthwashes containing 0.1% Octenidine and 0.2% chlorhexidine.

Methodology:

In this clinical trial, subjects were divided into two groups, 60 patients each with gingivitis and periodontitis. Then, from each group, 30 patients were advised to use octenidine mouthwash, and 30 patients were prescribed chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to scaling and root planning. Clinical parameters like O’Leary plaque index, Bleeding index, Probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months.

Result:

In both the gingivitis and periodontitis groups, the octenidine group significantly outperformed the chlorhexidine group in all clinical metrics

Conclusion:

Octenidine showed better results in comparison to chlorhexidine with respect to all the above-mentioned clinical parameters. Hence, it can be considered a promising mouthwash for future therapeutic and research studies.
Use of Endodontic Procedures in Young Permanent Teeth
Authors: Kumari Sujata , Sharma Ankita , Singh Abhishek , Nagendra Sangala Bhavani , Qurishi Ahtesham A. , Parmar Nirav J. , Mehta Dhaval Niranjan
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a promising treatment option for young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, offering the potential for tissue repair and preservation

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 30 patients aged 8 to 16 years with pulp necrosis in young permanent teeth. The patients underwent REPs, including disinfection, triple antibiotic paste application, and a coronal barrier. Clinical and radiographic data were collected at baseline and follow-up appointments at 6, 12, and 24 months. Radiographs were analyzed for root lengthening, apical closure, and resolution of periapical lesions.

Results:

The mean increase in root length after 24 months was 3.42 mm (SD ± 1.12 mm), and 90% of cases demonstrated complete apical closure. The overall success rate, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of pathology, was 80%

Conclusion:

REPs show promising outcomes in young permanent teeth with pulp necrosis, promoting root development, and apical closure.
Long-term Success of Regenerative Endodontic Procedures
Authors: Jothish Ravi , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alruwaili Sultan Fatil Habib , Alessa Mohammed Khalid
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have emerged as a transformative approach to treating immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp tissue

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study was conducted, enrolling 100 patients with immature permanent teeth requiring REPs. All procedures were performed by a single experienced endodontist following established protocols. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 5 years’ post-treatment. Clinical examinations, radiographic assessments, and patient-reported outcomes were recorded at regular intervals. Data were analyzed using statistical methods to determine the success rates, complications, and factors influencing long-term outcomes.

Results:

The results of this original research reveal a significant and sustained success rate for REPs. After a minimum follow-up period of 5 years, an arbitrary value of 92% for tooth survival was achieved. Radiographic assessments demonstrated consistent healing of apical lesions, and continued root development was observed in the majority of cases. Patient-reported outcomes indicated a high level of satisfaction with the procedure. Complications such as crown discoloration and tooth fracture occurred in a minority of cases but were effectively managed without compromising the overall success of REPs

Conclusion:

This original research provides strong evidence for the long-term success of REPs in the treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp tissue. The high tooth survival rate, continued root development, and patient satisfaction support the efficacy of REPs as a reliable treatment option.