bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic environmental interactions shaped by vegetative plant volatiles
Authors: Escobar-Bravo Rocío , Lin Po-An , Waterman Jamie M. , Erb Matthias
Published: February 2023

Vegetative plant volatiles influence their environment, and vice versa. We review these dynamic interactions and identify frameworks that can help to explain volatile emission patterns and their biological functions.
Mechanisms of Mg carbonates precipitation and implications for CO2 capture and utilization/storage
Authors: Santos Hellen S. , Nguyen Hoang , Venâncio Fabricio , Ramteke Durgaprasad , Zevenhoven Ron , Kinnunen Paivo
Published: February 2023

The precipitation of anhydrous Mg carbonates is hindered by the high energy barrier for dehydrating Mg2+ cations, and the mechanisms involved (classical or non-classical crystallization) in their precipitation remains as a scientific gap.
Acid catalyzed one-pot approach towards the synthesis of curcuminoid systems: unsymmetrical diarylidene cycloalkanones, exploration of their single crystals, optical and nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Ali Akbar , Din Zia Ud , Ibrahim Muhammad , Ashfaq Muhammad , Muhammad Shabbir , Gull Dania , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Rodrigues-Filho Edson , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Suleman Muhammad
Published: February 2023

In the present study crystalline unsymmetrical diarylidene ketone derivatives BNTP and BDBC have been prepared by two sequential acid catalyzed aldol condensation reactions in a one pot manner.
Synthesis of copper–silver–zinc oxide nanocomposites for 4-nitrophenol reduction: doping and heterojunction
Authors: Abebe Buzuayehu , Kefale Bontu , Leku Dereje Tsegaye
Published: February 2023

Solution combustion approach based synthesis of porous nanocomposites for 4-nitrophenol reduction.
Modeling-aided coupling of catalysts, conditions, membranes, and reactors for efficient hydrogen production from ammonia
Authors: Realpe Natalia , Kulkarni Shekhar R. , Cerrillo Jose L. , Morlanés Natalia , Lezcano Gontzal , Katikaneni Sai P. , Paglieri Stephen N. , Rakib Mohammad , Solami Bandar , Gascon Jorge , Castaño Pedro
Published: February 2023

Our agnostic model led us to identify optimized combinations of catalyst–conditions–membrane–reactor for maximum hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition.
In situ growth of a heterojunction CdS/TiO2 nanofiber monolithic photocatalyst sheet for enhanced hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Wenbo , Zeng Mingjun , Qi Chunhong , Wang Haifeng , Fan Xuhui , Li Xiaopeng , Xiao Qi , Luo Wei
Published: February 2023

A heterojunction CdS/TiO2 nanofiber monolithic photocatalyst sheet was developed via facile in situ hydrothermal growth on Ti foil. The photocatalyst sheet can greatly enhance photocatalytic H2 production.
Supramolecular nanofibers via protrusion budding interfacial membrane
Authors: Tang Zian , Qu Kairu , Wen Zhendong , Ye Yilan , Sun Dayin , Yang Zhenzhong
Published: February 2023

A new approach to fabricating block copolymer nanofibers or nanofiber-nanoparticle composites was developed and its mechanism was studied.
Facile fabrication of luminescent Tb@HOF-based films as a highly sensitive platform for detecting nicotine and its metabolite cotinine via fluorescence sensing and a smartphone
Authors: Hu Zhongqian , Yan Bing
Published: February 2023

Nicotine, as a major component of cigarette smoke and second-hand smoke (SHS), is highly harmful to human health because of its carcinogenic potential.
Electrochemical sensing mechanism of ammonium ions over an Ag/TiO2 composite electrode modified by hematite
Authors: Zhang Shilin , Hu Jinqing , Li Sam Fong Yau , Lu Hongxiu , Wang Gang , Lu Chang , Sarwar Muhammad Tariq , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming
Published: February 2023

The rapid, accurate and highly sensitive detection of NH4+ under non-alkaline conditions is achieved by electrooxidizing NH4+ to hydrazine via H2O2 derived from the oxygen reduction reaction over a self-supporting Ag/Fe2O3/TiO2 sensor.
A guide to organic electroreduction using sacrificial anodes
Authors: Li Yufeng , Wen Lirong , Guo Weisi
Published: February 2023

This review focuses on recent advances in sacrificial anode-enabled organic electroreductions.
A computational framework for evaluating molecular dynamics potential parameters employing quantum mechanics
Authors: Lanjan Amirmasoud , Moradi Zahra , Srinivasan Seshasai
Published: February 2023

Coupling molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics calculations as a nano-based computational framework for characterizing novel materials and phenomena.
The uncharacterized Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA4189 is a novel and efficient aminoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Authors: Fernández-Silva Arline , Juárez-Vázquez Ana L. , González-Segura Lilian , Juárez-Díaz Javier Andrés , Muñoz-Clares Rosario A.
Published: February 2023

Neither the Pseudomonas aeruginosa aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by the PA4189 gene nor its ortholog proteins have been biochemically or structurally characterized and their physiological function is unknown. We cloned the PA4189 gene, obtained the PA4189 recombinant protein, and studied its structure–function relationships. PA4189 is an NAD+-dependent aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase highly efficient with protonated aminoacetaldehyde and 3-aminopropionaldehyde, which are much more preferred to the non-protonated species as indicated by pH studies. Based on the higher activity with aminoacetaldehyde than with 3-aminopropionaldehyde, we propose that aminoacetaldehyde might be the PA4189 physiological substrate. Even though at the physiological pH of P. aeruginosa cells the non-protonated aminoacetaldehyde species will be predominant, and despite the competition of these species with the protonated ones, PA4189 would very efficiently oxidize ACTAL in vivo, producing glycine. To our knowledge, PA4189 is the first reported enzyme that might metabolize ACTAL, which is considered a dead-end metabolite because its consuming reactions are unknown. The PA4189 crystal structure reported here suggested that the charge and size of the active-site residue Glu457, which narrows the aldehyde-entrance tunnel, greatly define the specificity for small positively charged aldehydes, as confirmed by the kinetics of the E457G and E457Q variants. Glu457 and the residues that determine Glu457 conformation inside the active site are conserved in the PA4189 orthologs, which we only found in proteobacteria species. Also is conserved the PA4189 genomic neighborhood, which suggests that PA4189 participates in an uncharacterized metabolic pathway. Our results open the door to future efforts to characterize this pathway.
Role of calcium-sensor proteins in cell membrane repair
Authors: Li ZiWei , Shaw Gary S.
Published: February 2023

Cell membrane repair is a critical process used to maintain cell integrity and survival from potentially lethal chemical, and mechanical membrane injury. Rapid increases in local calcium levels due to a membrane rupture have been widely accepted as a trigger for multiple membrane-resealing models that utilize exocytosis, endocytosis, patching, and shedding mechanisms. Calcium-sensor proteins, such as synaptotagmins (Syt), dysferlin, S100 proteins, and annexins, have all been identified to regulate, or participate in, multiple modes of membrane repair. Dysfunction of membrane repair from inefficiencies or genetic alterations in these proteins contributes to diseases such as muscular dystrophy (MD) and heart disease. The present review covers the role of some of the key calcium-sensor proteins and their involvement in membrane repair.
Abusive adversarial agents and attack strategies in cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Gaur Viraj Singh , Sharma Vishal , McAllister John
Published: February 2023

The exponential increase in IoT device usage has spawned numerous cyberspace innovations. IoT devices, sensors, and actuators bridge the gap between physical processes and the cyber network in a cyber‐physical system (CPS). Cyber‐physical system is a complex system from a security perspective due to the heterogeneous nature of its components and the fact that IoT devices can serve as an entry point for cyberattacks. Most adversaries design their attack strategies on systems to gain an advantage at a relatively lower cost, whereas abusive adversaries initiate an attack to inflict maximum damage without regard to cost or reward. In this paper, a sensor spoofing attack is modelled as a malicious adversary attempting to cause system failure by interfering with the feedback control mechanism. It is accomplished by feeding spoofed sensor values to the controller and issuing erroneous commands to the actuator. Experiments on a Simulink‐simulated linear CPS support the proof of concept for the proposed abusive ideology, demonstrating three attack strategies. The impact of the evaluations stresses the importance of testing the CPS security against adversaries with abusive settings for preventing cyber‐vandalism. Finally, the research concludes by highlighting the limitations of the proposed work, followed by recommendations for the future.
A DOA and TOA joint estimation algorithm based on deep transfer learning
Authors: Pan Heng , Wei Shuang
Published: February 2023

This letter proposes a direction of arrival (DOA) and time of delay (TOA) joint estimation algorithm with deep transfer learning. Recently deep learning technique has been applied to solve the joint estimation problem by using the pretrained network and perform well. But in real applications, different scenarios require to cost much time to obtain different pretrained network. In order to overcome these problems, a transfer scheme for DOA and TOA joint estimation is proposed based on a multi‐task network, which uses a shared‐private structure to enhance the transferability of the pretrained network in different signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) scenarios. Thus, for different target scenarios, the proposed transferring scheme just uses a few of data from new scenario to fine‐tune pretrained network, which can effectively reduce the computation complexity with satisfied estimation accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to other traditional methods in estimation accuracy and efficiency under different SNR testing scenarios.
Super‐resolution using deep residual network with spectral normalization
Authors: Musunuri Yogendra Rao , Kwon Oh‐Seol
Published: February 2023

In this letter, the authors present a single‐image super‐resolution method based on introducing a novel spectral normalization to the convolution of a deep residual network. Moreover, the authors construct a new residual block (RB) and assemble it in a cascade form. The new RB was restructured by the spectrally normalized convolution layers and activated function. In addition, the RB allows the spectral normalization introduced on the trained network to update the additional weights. Furthermore, it minimizes pixel loss, thereby helping to obtain enhanced reconstruction results, limiting the number of parameters, and facilitating a low computational cost. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model shows the superior performance over that of state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of visual quality metrics such as UQI and PIQE.
Nonintrusive overhead‐line current detection using a vertical magnetic‐field sensor array
Authors: Chen Kun‐Long , Wang Chia‐Lun , Chen Rui‐Xiang
Published: February 2023

With the growing infrastructure for overhead lines, the demand for overhead‐line condition‐monitoring technologies has become increasingly urgent. Traditional current transformers used to measure three‐phase currents are bulky and difficult to install, which further increases the cost of monitoring. In order to meet the current state assessment needs of transmission and distribution networks, this study uses a novel magnetic‐field sensor array to realize nonintrusive overhead‐line current detection. Based on the magnetic fields measured by magnetic‐field sensors placed on the ground under the overhead line, the proposed algorithm can be used to calculate the three‐phase current values. The proposed method does not require on‐site calibration before the field measurements are conducted. With partially known overhead‐line geometry specifications from utilities, the algorithm can optimize the overhead‐line geometry and finally achieve accurate current detection. The simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed current‐detection technique can accurately calculate the three‐phase currents of the overhead line with only three three‐axis magnetic‐field sensors.
Development and validation of an immune‐related gene signature for prognosis in Lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Zehuai , Qi Xiangjun , Li Zeyun , Yang Jianying , Sun Zhe , Li Peiqin , Chen Ming , Cao Yang
Published: February 2023

The most common type of lung cancer tissue is lung adenocarcinoma. The TCGA‐LUAD cohort retrieved from the TCGA dataset was considered the internal training cohort, while GSE68465 and GSE13213 datasets from the GEO database were used as the external test cohort. The TCGA‐LUAD cohort was classified into two immune subtypes using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis of the immune gene set and unsupervised clustering analysis. The ESTIMATE algorithm, the CIBERSORT algorithm, and HLA family expression levels again validated the reliability of this typing. We performed Venn analysis using immune‐related genes from the immport dataset and differentially expressed genes from the subtypes to retrieve differentially expressed immune genes (DEIGs). In addition, DEIGs were used to construct a prognostic model with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. A reliable risk model consisting of 11 DEIGs, including S100P, INHA, SEMA7A, INSL4, CD40LG, AGER, SERPIND1, CD1D, CX3CR1, SFTPD, and CD79A, was then built, and its reliability was further confirmed by ROC curve and calibration plot analysis. The high‐risk score subgroup had a poor prognosis and a lower tumour immune dysfunction and exclusion score, indicating a greater likelihood of anti‐PD‐1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 benefit.
PSR J1910–5959A: A rare gravitational laboratory for testing white dwarf models
Authors: Corongiu A. , Venkatraman Krishnan V. , Freire P. C. C. , Kramer M. , Possenti A. , Geyer M. , Ridolfi A. , Abbate F. , Bailes M. , Barr E. D. , Balakrishnan V. , Buchner S. , Champion D. J. , Chen W. , Hugo B. V. , Karastergiou A. , Lyne A. G. , Manchester R. N. , Padmanabh P. V. , Parthasarathy A. , Ransom S. M. , Sarkissian J. M. , Serylak M. , van Straten W.
Published: February 2023

Context. PSR J1910−5959A is a binary millisecond pulsar in a 0.837 day circular orbit around a helium white dwarf (HeWD) companion. The position of this pulsar is 6.3 arcmin (∼74 core radii) away from the optical centre of the globular cluster (GC) NGC 6752. Given the large offset, the association of the pulsar with the GC has been debated.

Aims. We aim to obtain precise measurements of the masses of the stars in the system along with secular orbital parameters, which will help identify if the system belongs to the GC.

Methods. We have made use of archival Parkes 64 m ‘Murriyang’ telescope data and carried out observations with the MeerKAT telescope with different backends and receivers over the last two decades. Pulse times of arrival were obtained from these using standard pulsar data reduction techniques and analysed using state-of-the-art Bayesian pulsar timing techniques. We also performed an analysis of the pulsar’s total intensity and polarisation profile to understand the interstellar scattering along the line of sight, and we determined the pulsar’s geometry by fitting the rotating vector model to the polarisation data.

Results. We obtain precise measurements of several post-Keplerian parameters: the range, r = 0.202(6) T⊙, and shape, s = 0.999823(4), of the Shapiro delay, from which we infer: the orbital inclination to be 88.9−0.14+0.15 deg; the masses of the pulsar and the companion to be 1.55(7) M⊙ and 0.202(6) M⊙, respectively; a secular change in the orbital period Ṗb = −53−6.0+7.4 × 10−15 s s−1 that proves the GC association; and a secular change in the projected semi-major axis of the pulsar, ẋ = −40.7−8.2+7.3 × 10−16 s s−1, likely caused by the spin–orbit interaction from a misaligned HeWD spin, at odds with the likely isolated binary evolution of the system. We also discuss some theoretical models for the structure and evolution of white dwarfs in neutron star–white dwarf binaries, using PSR J1910−5959A’s companion as a test bed.

Conclusions. PSR J1910−5959A is a rare system for which several parameters of both the pulsar and the HeWD companion can be accurately measured. As such, it is a test bed for discriminating between alternative models of HeWD structure and cooling.
The production of ionizing photons in UV-faint z ∼ 3–7 galaxies
Authors: Prieto-Lyon Gonzalo , Strait Victoria , Mason Charlotte A. , Brammer Gabriel , Caminha Gabriel B. , Mercurio Amata , Acebron Ana , Bergamini Pietro , Grillo Claudio , Rosati Piero , Vanzella Eros , Castellano Marco , Merlin Emiliano , Paris Diego , Boyett Kristan , Calabrò Antonello , Morishita Takahiro , Mascia Sara , Pentericci Laura , Roberts-Borsani Guido , Roy Namrata , Treu Tommaso , Vulcani Benedetta
Published: February 2023

Aims. The demographics of the production and escape of ionizing photons from UV-faint early galaxies is a key unknown that has hindered attempts to discover the primary drivers of reionization. With the advent of JWST, it is finally possible to observe the rest-frame optical nebular emission from individual sub-L*z > 3 galaxies to measure the production rate of ionizing photons, ξion.

Methods. Here we study a sample of 370 z ∼ 3 − 7 galaxies spanning −23 < MUV < −15.5 (median MUV ≈ −18) with deep multiband HST and JWST/NIRCam photometry that covers the rest-UV to the optical from the GLASS and UNCOVER JWST surveys. Our sample includes 102 galaxies with Lyman-alpha emission detected in MUSE spectroscopy. We used Hα fluxes inferred from NIRCam photometry to estimate the production rate of ionizing photons that do not escape these galaxies, ξion(1 − fesc).

Results. We find median log10ξion(1 − fesc) = 25.33 ± 0.47, with a broad intrinsic scatter of 0.42 dex, which implies a broad range of galaxy properties and ages in our UV-faint sample. Galaxies detected with Lyman-alpha have ∼0.1 dex higher ξion(1 − fesc), which is explained by their higher Hα equivalent width distribution; this implies younger ages and higher specific star formation rates and, thus, more O/B stars. We find significant trends of increasing ξion(1 − fesc) with increasing Hα equivalent width, decreasing UV luminosity, and decreasing UV slope; this implies that the production of ionizing photons is enhanced in young galaxies with assumed low metallicities. We find no significant evidence for sources with very high ionizing escape fractions (fesc > 0.5) in our sample based on their photometric properties, even amongst the Lyman-alpha-selected galaxies.

Conclusions. This work demonstrates that considering the full distribution of ξion across galaxy properties is important for assessing the primary drivers of reionization.
Two modified conjugate gradient methods for solving unconstrained optimization and application
Authors: Mehamdia Abd Elhamid , Chaib Yacine , Bechouat Tahar
Published: February 2023

Conjugate gradient methods are a popular class of iterative methods for solving linear systems of equations and nonlinear optimization problems as they do not require the storage of any matrices. In order to obtain a theoretically effective and numerically efficient method, two modified conjugate gradient methods (called the MCB1 and MCB2 methods) are proposed. In which the coefficientβkin the two proposed methods is inspired by the structure of the conjugate gradient parameters in some existing conjugate gradient methods. Under the strong Wolfe line search, the sufficient descent property and global convergence of the MCB1 method are proved. Moreover, the MCB2 method generates a descent direction independently of any line search and produces good convergence properties when the strong Wolfe line search is employed. Preliminary numerical results show that the MCB1 and MCB2 methods are effective and robust in minimizing some unconstrained optimization problems and each of these modifications outperforms the four famous conjugate gradient methods. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms were extended to solve the problem of mode function.
LI-RADS Made Easy
Authors: Schima Wolfgang , Kopf Helmut , Eisenhuber Edith
Published: February 2023

Purpose The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS v2018) standardizes the interpretation and reporting of MDCT and MRI examinations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and Methods For focal liver lesions (called “observations”) it assigns categories (LR-1 to 5, LR-M, LR-TIV, LR-TR), which reflect the probability of benignity or malignancy (HCC or other non-HCC malignancies) of the respective observation. The categories assigned are based on major and ancillary image features, which have been developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR), revised several times (now v2018), and validated in many studies. The value of ancillary features to modify LI-RADS categories assigned to observations based on major features is shown.

Results This review summarizes the relevant CT and MRI features and presents a step-by-step approach for readers not familiar with LI-RADS on how to use the system. Relevant imaging features and the value of different modalities (contrast-enhanced CT, MRI with extracellular gadolinium chelates or liver-specific contrast agents) is explained.

Conclusion The widespread adoption of LI-RADS for CT/MRI reporting in high-risk patients would help to reduce inter-reader variability. It could improve communication between radiologists, oncologists, hepatologists, pathologists, and liver surgeons, and lead to better patient management.

Key points: 

Citation Format
Evaluation and Classification of Incidentally Detected Splenic Lesions Based on B-Mode and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Safai Zadeh Ehsan , Görg Christian , Post Clemens , Alhyari Amjad , Trenker Corinna , Dietrich Christoph F. , Findeisen Hajo
Published: February 2023

Purpose To evaluate B-mode ultrasound (B-US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) patterns of focal splenic incidentalomas (FSIs), and to correlate ultrasound patterns with benignity and malignancy via histologic examination and/or the clinical course.

Materials and Methods Between 2004 and 2021, 139 consecutive patients with an FSI detected by B-US were investigated additionally with CEUS. On CEUS, the arterial enhancement (AE) of the FSI (hyperenhancement, isoenhancement, hypoenhancement, and absent enhancement) was analyzed. Subsequently, the malignancy rate according to different B-US echo patterns and CEUS perfusion patterns was determined.

Results The final diagnosis of FSI was malignant in 9/139 (6.5%) and benign in 130/139 (93.5%) cases. The hypoechoic and hyperechoic lesions on B-US with arterial hyperenhancement on CEUS and the echogenic cystic or complex lesions on B-US with predominantly absent enhancement on CEUS were benign in 54/54 (100%) cases. 6/37 (16.2%) hypoechoic lesions on B-US with arterial hypo-/isoenhancement on CEUS and 3/48 (6.3%) of hyperechoic lesions on B-US with an arterial hypo-/isoenhancement on CEUS were malignant.

Conclusion Based on these results, FSIs reveal different malignancy rates depending on the B-US und CEUS patterns, and classification according to these B-US and CEUS patterns may be helpful in further evaluation of an FSI.
Predicting Running Performance and Adaptations from Intervals at
Maximal Sustainable Effort
Authors: Nuuttila Olli-Pekka , Matomäki Pekka , Kyröläinen Heikki , Nummela Ari
Published: February 2023

This study examined the predictive quality of intervals performed at maximal
sustainable effort to predict 3-km and 10-km running times. In addition, changes
in interval performance and associated changes in running performance were
investigated. Either 6-week (10-km group, n=29) or 2-week (3-km group,
n=16) interval training periods were performed by recreational runners.
A linear model was created for both groups based on the running speed of the
first 6×3-min interval session and the test run of the preceding week
(T1). The accuracy of the model was tested with the running speed of the last
interval session and the test run after the training period (T2). Pearson
correlation was used to analyze relationships between changes in running speeds
during the tests and interval sessions. At T2, the mean absolute percentage
error of estimate for 3-km and 10-km test times were 2.3% and
3.4%, respectively. The change in running speed of intervals and test
runs from T1 to T2 correlated (r=0.75, p<0.001) in both
datasets. Thus, the maximal sustainable effort intervals were able to predict
3-km and 10-km running performance and training adaptations with good accuracy,
and current results demonstrate the potential usefulness of intervals as part of
the monitoring process.
Synthesis of Guaipyridine Alkaloids Rupestine M and L by Cycloaddition/Cycloreversion of an Intermediate 1,4-Oxazinone
Authors: Scheerer Jonathan R. , Leeth Ella B. , Sprow Jennifer A.
Published: February 2023

A new method to prepare 1,4-oxazinone intermediates was developed based on aza-conjugate addition of β-amino alcohols to electron-deficient alkyne precursors. A tandem intramolecular cycloaddition/cycloreversion reaction sequence was evaluated, leading to the synthesis of the guaipyridine alkaloid natural products rupestine M and L. Starting from (–)-citronellal and thus a known configuration of the C5 stereocenter, a revised absolute configuration of natural rupestine L is suggested based on optical rotation.
Use of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Medial Compartment Disease of the Elbow in Dogs
Authors: Jacqmin Maxime , Livet Véronique , Sonet Juliette , Harel Mathieu , Viguier Eric , Moissonnier Pierre Henri , Cachon Thibaut
Published: February 2023

Objective The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of medial coronoid process disease in unclear cases.

Study Design Fifteen elbows (on thirteen dogs) for which radiography and computed tomography did not lead to a clear diagnosis of medial coronoid process disease were included. On each elbow, ultrasonography was performed with a high frequency linear transducer (12–18Hz). Then, arthroscopic examination of the joint was performed by a surgeon who was unaware of ultrasonographic findings to confirm medial coronoid process disease.

Results At least one ultrasonographic lesion was detected in 13 out of 15 elbows. The main reported ultrasonographic lesions were joint effusion (10/15 elbows) and an abnormal shape of the medial coronoid process (irregular, ill-defined or fragmented) (9/15).

Conclusion Ultrasonography can be a helpful additional diagnostic tool to confirm medial coronoid process disease of the elbow joint before performing arthroscopy in unclear cases. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the use of higher frequency transducers and determine if it could improve the diagnostic value of ultrasonography.
In-Situ ‘Divide’ and ‘Deliver’: A Simple Technique to Preserve Nerves in Chimeric Anterolateral Thigh Flap Harvest
Authors: Jaiswal Dushyant , Parekh Hetanshu , Mathews Saumya , Ghalme Amol
Published: February 2023

Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is the workhorse for reconstruction in head and neck post cancer excision. Chimeric multi-paddle flaps are useful for composite defects involving skin, mucosa, and soft tissue. The nerve to vastus lateralis (VL) runs along the pedicle, frequently interdigitating with it or the perforators. Sometimes, the nerve may be preserved during harvest but needs to be sacrificed frequently, leading to increased donor site morbidity.

We recommend a simple technique to preserve the nerve, wherein the skin paddles or chimeric components are divided in-situ and manipulated around it without causing injury.

This technique was used in 27 cases over 5 years. All involved nerves, perforators and pedicles were preserved.

The technique can be extended to any flap harvest with multiple perforators with nerves in proximity, when multiple skin islands are desired.
Efficacy of Early Enteral Nutrition on Gastrointestinal Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Issac Alwin , Dhiraaj Sanjay , Halemani Kurvatteppa , Thimmappa Latha , Mishra Prabhakar , Kumar Basant , Mavinatop Anusha
Published: February 2023

Congenital anomalies, congenital malformations, or birth defects can be defined as any structural or functional anomalies that develop prenatally and could be identified before, at birth, or later in life. Approximately 6% of babies are born with a congenital anomaly, which results in 2.4 million newborn deaths worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis ascertained the quantitative studies published in PubMed, ClinicalKey, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Two authors independently screened and extracted the data from the primary studies that analyzed the efficacy of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on the postoperative outcome. This systematic review and meta-analysis adopted Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The methodological quality of trials was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Six trials, representing 488 children, with age ranging from 10 days to 6.5 years, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. EEN has significantly shortened hospital stay, induced early fecal movement, and reduced postoperative wound infections in children with congenital gastrointestinal abnormalities undergoing gastrointestinal anastomosis compared with children who received late enteral nutrition. The review also found that the experimental group who received EEN had no significant impact on the anastomosis leakage, vomiting, and abdominal distension. EEN has some positive effects on postsurgery outcomes among children with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies undergoing gastrointestinal anastomosis.
Diagnosing Hirschsprung Disease in Children Younger than 6 Months of Age: Insights in Incidence of Complications of Rectal Suction Biopsy and Other Final Diagnoses
Authors: Beltman Lieke , Labib Hosnieya , Masselink Marit , Backes Manouk , Benninga Marc A. , Roelofs Joris J.T.H. , van der Voorn J. Patrick , van Schuppen Joost , Oosterlaan Jaap , van Heurn L.W. Ernest , Derikx Joep P.M.
Published: February 2023

Background The gold standard for diagnosing Hirschsprung disease (HD) in patients younger than 6 months is pathological examination of rectal suction biopsy (RSB). The aim of this study was to gain insight into the following: (1) complications following RSB, (2) final diagnosis of patients referred for RSB, and (3) factors associated with HD.

Methods Patients suspected of HD referred for RSB at our center were analyzed retrospectively. Severity of complications of RSB was assessed using Clavien–Dindo (CD) grading. Factors associated with HD were tested using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results From 2000 to 2021, 371 patients underwent RSB because of infrequent defecation, at a median age of 44 days. Three patients developed ongoing rectal bleeding (0.8%) graded CD1. Most frequent final diagnoses were: HD (n = 151, 40.7%), functional constipation (n = 113, 31%), idiopathic meconium ileus (n = 11, 3%), and food intolerance (n = 11, 3%). Associated factors for HD were male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.19; confidence interval [CI], 1.56–6.53), presence of syndrome (OR, 7.18; CI, 1.63–31.69), younger age at time of RSB (OR, 0.98; CI, 0.85–0.98), meconium passage for more than 48 hours (OR, 3.15; CI, 1.51–6.56), distended abdomen (OR, 2.09; CI, 1.07–4.07), bilious vomiting (OR, 6.39; CI, 3.28–12.47), and failure to thrive (OR, 8.46; CI, 2.11–34.02) (model R
2 = 0.566).

Conclusion RSB is a safe procedure with few and only minor complications. In the majority of patients referred for RSB under the age of 6 months, HD was found followed by a functional cause for the defecation problems. RSB should be obtained on a low threshold in all patients under the age of 6 months with the suspicion of HD.
The effect of articulation in sports posters on betting behavior
Authors: Alonso-Dos-Santos M. , Mohammadi S. , Velasco Vizcaíno F.
Published: February 2023

Several studies argue that sponsorship promotes and normalizes gambling behavior because commercial gambling providers (CGPs) act as sponsors for many sports entities. This study examines the effect of articulation on sports sponsorship, sincerity, and congruence as perceived by consumers and betting behavior by comparing a CGP brand with a congruent sponsor brand. Data were collected through an experiment combining the factor of the inter-subject type of sponsor (CGPs sponsor vs. congruence sponsor) and articulation (commercial articulation and no articulation) in 518 subjects from the United Kingdom. The analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis. Subjects showed a greater willingness to bet when the CGP sponsor was perceived as congruent and sincere compared with congruent sponsorship, suggesting that this type of sponsor could encourage sports betting. However, the elimination of CGPs’ sponsorship is complex because of the significant funding they provide.
Quadratic pseudospectrum for identifying localized states
Authors: Cerjan Alexander , Loring Terry A. , Vides Fredy
Published: February 2023

We examine the utility of the quadratic pseudospectrum for understanding and detecting states that are somewhat localized in position and energy, in particular, in the context of condensed matter physics. Specifically, the quadratic pseudospectrum represents a method for approaching systems with incompatible observables {Aj∣1 ≤ j ≤ d} as it minimizes collectively the errors ‖Ajv − λjv‖ while defining a joint approximate spectrum of incompatible observables. Moreover, we derive an important estimate relating the Clifford and quadratic pseudospectra. Finally, we prove that the quadratic pseudospectrum is local and derive the bounds on the errors that are incurred by truncating the system in the vicinity of where the pseudospectrum is being calculated.
Tau functions, infinite Grassmannians, and lattice recurrences
Authors: Arthamonov S. , Harnad J. , Hurtubise J.
Published: February 2023

The addition formulae for KP τ-functions, when evaluated at lattice points in the KP flow group orbits in the infinite dimensional Sato-Segal-Wilson Grassmannian, give infinite parametric families of solutions to discretizations of the KP hierarchy. The CKP hierarchy may similarly be viewed as commuting flows on the Lagrangian sub-Grassmannian of maximal isotropic subspaces with respect to a suitably defined symplectic form. Evaluating the τ-functions at a sublattice of points within the KP orbit, the resulting discretization gives solutions both to the hyperdeterminantal relations (or Kashaev recurrence) and the hexahedron (or Kenyon–Pemantle) recurrence.
Toxicity-mediated regime shifts in a contaminated nutrient–plankton system
Authors: Mandal Arindam , Biswas Saswati , Pal Samares
Published: February 2023

In this article, we contemplate the dynamics of a three-tier system of nutrient, phytoplankton, and zooplankton with a gestation delay of discrete type and a distributed delay in nutrient recycling. Phytoplankton secretion-mediated alteration in the grazing pattern of zooplankton is encapsulated by a Monod–Haldane functional response. We carry out global sensitivity analysis for identifying the crucial model parameters having a significant impact on zooplankton density. The system potentially exhibits bistable configurations under identical ecological conditions by allowing different bifurcation scenarios, including multiple saddle-node and transcritical bifurcations with varying input rates of nutrients and inhibitory effects of phytoplankton against zooplankton. We observe that the gestation delay in zooplankton is responsible for the emergence of noxious bloom events. Interestingly, when the delay parameter crosses a threshold, the system experiences chaotic disorder, which prognosticates the onset of irregular bloom. Furthermore, by adding Gaussian white noise, we have extended the deterministic model to its stochastic counterpart. We found that white noise appears to regulate the survival and extinction of interacting populations. Comprehensive numerical simulations are consistent with mathematical results prognosticated by linear analysis.
Combining grating-coupled illumination and image recognition for stable and localized optical scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Traeger Georg A. , Teichmann Marlo H. , Schröder Benjamin , Wenderoth Martin
Published: February 2023

Combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and optical excitation has been a major objective in STM for the last 30 years to study light–matter interactions on the atomic scale. The combination with modern pulsed laser systems even made it possible to achieve a temporal resolution down to the femtosecond regime. A promising approach toward a truly localized optical excitation is featured by nanofocusing via an optical antenna spatially separated from the tunnel junction. Until now, these experiments have been limited by thermal instabilities introduced by the laser. This paper presents a versatile solution to this problem by actively coupling the laser and STM, bypassing the vibration-isolation without compromising it. We utilize optical image recognition to monitor the position of the tunneling junction and compensate for any movement of the microscope relative to the laser setup with up to 10 Hz by adjusting the beamline. Our setup stabilizes the focus position with high precision (<1 μm) on long timescales (>1 h) and allows for high resolution STM under intense optical excitation with femtosecond pulses.
Damping characteristics of helicon and Trivelpiece–Gould waves in high density and low magnetic field helicon plasma
Authors: Li Wenqiu , Liu Yalin , Wang Gang
Published: February 2023

By employing a warm plasma model and considering a cyclotron harmonic effect in dielectric tensor elements, the power deposition properties of the azimuthally symmetric mode of the helicon and Trivelpiece–Gould (TG) waves due to collisional and kinetic damping in high density (∼1 × 1013 cm−3), low magnetic fields (∼30–50 G), and low to moderate neutral gas pressure (∼0.5–10 mTorr) helicon plasma are investigated. Theoretical calculations indicate that the magnetic field imposed a significant influence on the mode coupling surface properties between the helicon and TG waves; in a typical helicon plasma electron temperature range, Te ∈ (3, 5) eV, there exists the critical neutral gas pressure, below or above which different waves due to different damping mechanisms play the dominant role in the power deposition; meanwhile, in low neutral gas pressure (∼0.5 mTorr) circumstances, TG waves due to Landau damping dominate the power deposition and this dominance gradually becomes intensified as the magnetic field increases.
Variable bandwidth, high efficiency microwave resonator for control of spin-qubits in nitrogen-vacancy centers
Authors: Savitsky Anton , Zhang Jingfu , Suter Dieter
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are attractive tools for sensing and quantum information. Realization of this potential requires effective tools for controlling the spin degree of freedom by microwave (mw) magnetic fields. In this work, we present a planar microwave resonator optimized for microwave-optical double resonance experiments on single NV centers in diamond. It consists of a piece of wide microstrip line, which is symmetrically connected to two 50 Ω microstrip feed lines. In the center of the resonator, an Ω-shaped loop focuses the current and the mw magnetic field. It generates a relatively homogeneous magnetic field over a volume of 0.07 × 0.1 mm3. It can be operated at 2.9 GHz in both transmission and reflection modes with bandwidths of 1000 and 400 MHz, respectively. The high power-to-magnetic field conversion efficiency allows us to produce π-pulses with a duration of 50 ns with only about 200 and 50 mW microwave power in transmission and reflection, respectively. The transmission mode also offers capability for efficient radio frequency excitation. The resonance frequency can be tuned between 1.3 and 6 GHz by adjusting the length of the resonator. This will be useful for experiments on NV-centers at higher external magnetic fields and on different types of optically active spin centers.
Carbon nanotube substrates enhance SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ion yields in matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Schenkel T. , Snijders A. M. , Nakamura K. , Seidl P. A. , Mak B. , Obst-Huebl L. , Knobel H. , Pong I. , Persaud A. , van Tilborg J. , Ostermayr T. , Steinke S. , Blakely E. A. , Ji Q. , Javey A. , Kapadia R. , Geddes C. G. R. , Esarey E.
Published: February 2023

Nanostructured surfaces enhance ion yields in matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The spike protein complex, S1, is one fingerprint signature of Sars-CoV-2 with a mass of 75 kDa. Here, we show that MALDI-MS yields of Sars-CoV-2 spike protein ions in the 100 kDa range are enhanced 50-fold when the matrix–analyte solution is placed on substrates that are coated with a dense forest of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, compared to yields from uncoated substrates. Nanostructured substrates can support the development of mass spectrometry techniques for sensitive pathogen detection and environmental monitoring.
High-dynamic-range microwave sensing using atomic Rabi resonances
Authors: Hou Dong , Li Chao , Sun Fuyu , Guo Guangkun , Liu Ke , Liu Jie , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Peng , Zhang Shougang
Published: February 2023

Detection of the microwave (MW) field with high accuracy is very important in the physical science and engineering fields. Herein, an atomic Rabi resonance-based MW magnetic field sensor with a high-dynamic-range is reported, where α and β Rabi resonances are used to measure MW fields. In MW measurement experiments, the sensor successfully measured a magnetic field of about 10 nT at 9.2 GHz using the α Rabi resonance line on the cesium clock transition and continuously detected the MW magnetic field in the X-band over a high dynamic power range of >60 dB from the β Rabi resonance. Finally, the MW power frequency shift and power broadening are investigated to support more sensitive field measurements. The proposed MW detection method can be extended to cover a higher dynamic range and a wider frequency band by applying stronger excitations and exploring non-clock atomic transitions, respectively. In addition to MW magnetic field sensing, other potential application of the proposed method can be explored, including SI-traceable MW calibration and atomic communication.
Marginal stability constraint on runaway electron distribution
Authors: Breizman B. N. , Kiramov D. I.
Published: February 2023

High-frequency kinetic instabilities of the strongly anisotropic runaway electrons (RE) can enhance the pitch-angle scattering of the runaways significantly. This wave-induced scattering can easily prevail over runaway scattering on high-Z impurities. In a steady state, collisional damping balances the kinetic drive of the unstable waves, keeping the RE distribution function at marginal stability. The marginal stability constraint limits the achievable RE densities and the shape of the RE distribution function. In this study, we consider whistler and compressional Alfvén waves as the primary source of enhanced elastic scattering of the runaways. By balancing the anomalous Doppler resonance drive with the collisional wave damping, we find the RE distribution function in the ultra-relativistic range of the phase space. We also derive an expression for the spectral energy density of the waves. We show that the power needed to compensate for the wave dissipation is negligible compared to the work of the electric field. The latter is in balance with the synchrotron losses of the runaway electrons.
A modified extreme event-based synchronicity measure for climate time series
Authors: Gao Meng , Zhao Ying , Wang Zhen , Wang Yueqi
Published: February 2023

Extreme event-based synchronicity is a specific measure of similarity of extreme event-like time series. It is capable to capture the nonlinear interactions between climatic extreme events. In this study, we proposed a modified extreme event-based synchronicity measure that incorporates two types of extreme events (positive and negative) simultaneously in climate anomalies to characterize the synchronization and time delays. Statistical significance of the modified extreme event synchronization measure is tested by Monte-Carlo simulations. The applications of the modified extreme event-based synchronicity measure on synthetic time series verified that it was superior to the traditional event synchronicity measure. Both synchronous and antisynchronous features between climate time series could be captured by the modified measure. It is potentially applied in investigating the interrelationship between climate extremes and climate index or constructing complex networks of climate variables. In addition, this modified extreme event-based synchronicity measure could be easily applied to other types of time series just by identifying the extreme events properly.
Effects of interfacial molecular mobility on thermal boundary conductance at solid–liquid interface
Authors: Anandakrishnan Abhijith , Ramos-Alvarado Bladimir , Kannam Sridhar Kumar , Sathian Sarith P.
Published: February 2023

The effects of interfacial molecular mobility on the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) across graphene–water and graphene–perfluorohexane interfaces were investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular mobility was varied by equilibrating nanoconfined water and perfluorohexane at different temperatures. The long-chain molecules of perfluorohexane exhibited a prominent layered structure, indicating a low molecular mobility, over a wide temperature range between 200 and 450 K. Alternatively, water increased its mobility at high temperatures, resulting in an enhanced molecular diffusion that significantly contributed to the interfacial thermal transport, in addition to the increasing vibrational carrier population at high temperatures. Furthermore, the TBC across the graphene–water interface exhibited a quadratic relationship with the rise in temperature, whereas for the graphene–perfluorohexane interface, a linear relationship was observed. The high rate of diffusion in interfacial water facilitated additional low-frequency modes, and a spectral decomposition of the TBC also indicated an enhancement in the same frequency range. Thus, the enhanced spectral transmission and higher molecular mobility of water with respect to perfluorohexane explained the difference in the thermal transport across the interfaces considered herein.