bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CAD-based Data Augmentation enabling Transfer Learning for Part Classification in Manufacturing
Authors: Ruediger-Flore Patrick , Glatt Moritz , Hussong Marco , Aurich Jan C.
Published: June 2022

The stunning success of deep image classification approaches relies heavily on huge, labeled datasets based on real-world images. Nonetheless, the latest generation of neural network architectures provides pre-trained models that allow the training and classification of new classes with only minor example data. In most application use cases, the prediction performance is still too low to meet the high standards of manufacturing systems, e.g., for visual part classification. Furthermore, it is often difficult to acquire sufficient image data of objects in manufacturing systems due to customized and small batch production. While data augmentation techniques like viewport transformations or artificial noise barely increase the data set's overall entropy, we aim to generate highly realistic synthetic images only based on photorealistic rendered CAD. Additionally, this approach can reduce manual effort in data generation and preparation.First, we demonstrate the creation of a parametric rendering pipeline. Then the models are trained for a 30-class classification problem with typical engineering parts from an industrial use case. Finally, we show how the entropy gain, using our proposed method, improves the classification performance in any of the investigated deep image classification models.
Comprehensive Analysis on the Expression and Prognostic value of ITGA Family in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Rui-Rui , Gao Li-Juan , Li Mei-Juan , Zhong Qi , Cao Ji-Min , He Zhong-Mei
Published: June 2022

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is the most common histological subtype of pancreatic cancer. Although dramatic progress has been made in multimodal therapies, PAAD still has a poor diagnosis and prognosis. The integrin α (ITGA) family genes play a fundamental role in different cancers. However, the potential values of ITGA family members in PAAD remain elusive. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between and ITGA family genes and PAAD.Methods: A variety of bioinformatic approaches, including UALCAN, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, and STRING, which were used to analyze the potential roles of ITGA family members in human PAAD. The results were further verified in PAAD cell lines.Results: The transcriptional levels of ITGA 1/2/3/5/6/9/11 were up-regulated, whereas the expression of ITGA 4/8/10 were not obvious in patients with PAAD compared with that in normal pancreas. And a noticeable correlation was also discovered between the over-expressions of ITGA 2/3/5/6/11 and the clinical cancer stages of PAAD patients. Survival analysis revealed that the high mRNA expression of ITGA 2/3/5/6 and 11 were associated with overall survival (OS) in PAAD patients.Conclusion: Detection of ITGA genes has values in the diagnosis and prognosis of PAAD. ITGA 2/3/5/6/11 might serve as indicators of tumor stages of PAAD, while ITGA 2/5 may be new biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of PAAD.
New Vista into Origins of Viruses from a Prototypic ssDNA Phage
Authors: Kejzar Nejc , Laanto Elina , Rissanen Ilona , Abrishami Vahid , Selvaraj M , Moineau Sylvain , Ravantti Janne , Sundberg Lotta-Riina , Huiskonen Juha
Published: June 2022

Viruses play a central role in all ecological niches; the origin of viruses, however, remains an open question. While phylogenetic analysis of distantly related viruses is hampered by a lack of detectable sequence similarity, structural biology can reveal conserved capsid protein structures that facilitate the study of distant evolutionary relationships. Here, we characterize the lipid-containing ssDNA temperate bacteriophage ΦCjT23, which is infecting Flavobacterium sp. (Bacteroidetes). We further detected ΦCjT23-like sequences in the genome of strains belonging to several Flavobacterium species. The virion structure determined by cryogenic electron microscopy revealed similarities to members of the viral kingdom Bamfordvirae that currently consists solely of dsDNA viruses. Common to these viruses, infecting hosts from all domains of life, is a major capsid protein composed of two upright β-sandwiches. The minimalistic structure of ΦCjT23 suggests that this phage serves as a model for the last common ancestor between ssDNA and dsDNA viruses in the Bamfordvirae. Both ΦCjT23 and the related phage FLiP infect Flavobacterium species found in several environments, suggesting that these types of viruses have a global distribution and shared evolutionary origin. Detailed comparisons to related, more complex viruses not only expand our knowledge about this group of viruses but also provide a rare glimpse into early virus evolution.
Mapping Potential Health Risk Vulnerability in Relation to Nitrate Pollution of Water in Gaza, Palestine.
Authors: Shomar Reem T Abu , Qrenawi Luay I.
Published: June 2022

Contamination of water resources with nitrate is an increasing worldwide phenomenon that requires attention, particularly in areas with high vulnerability such as Gaza, Palestine.
The study presented the areas where nitrate concentrations are expected to impose health risks using Geographic Information System (GIS) application to present the most at risk areas.
The highest risk areas, located in the North and Khan Younis governorates of Gaza Strip, were shown on maps based on a proposed vulnerability criteria that consider the potential health risk (hazard quotient for nitrate >1), the level of poverty (>50%), and the level of water salinity (TDS<1000 mg/l). Residents of those areas, particularly infants, are more prone to health risks due to their higher vulnerabilities, and therefore, special advisory need to address them by the designated municipality. In addition, more strategic interventions to ensure the provision of alternative safe water supply need to be undertaken.
Establishment and efficiency analysis of the risk prediction model predicting the likelihood of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: A retrospective observational study
Authors: SUO Tonghui , Lu Qi , Yang Guoqin , Wang Lin , Wang Liping
Published: June 2022

Background Clinically useful and adequately validated predictive models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) available at or soon after birth, especially for the Chinese population are few. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model for the identification of BPD at early stage and the generation of a nomogram for clinical use.Methods This retrospective study developed a well-validated predictive model of BPD among preterm infants with gestational age (GA) of less than 32 weeks by logistic regression and generated a nomogram.Results This model comprised six variables, i.e., GA, birthweight, neonatal asphyxia, invasive ventilation, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The regression equation was Logit P = (15.209 – 0.076 × GA – 1.001 × birthweight + 0.557 × neonatal asphyxia + 1.083 × invasive ventilation + 0.622 × NRDS + 0.656 × PDA). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of this model was 0.856 (95% CI: 0.812–0.901), with sensitivity of 81.6% and specificity of 76.8%. The verification of this predictive model showed a sensitivity of 93.5% and specificity of 76.5%, demonstrating that the effects of this model were satisfactory.Conclusions This risk prediction model had a good predictive effect for the risk of BPD in premature infants with GA less than 32 weeks and could furnish evidence for preventive treatment and intervention.
Knowledge, and practice of women on breast cancer in Herat, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Neyazi Ahmad , Odey Goodness Ogeyi , Yousufi Marjan , Razaqi Nosaibah , Elhadi Yasir Ahmed Mohammed , Rahmani Adina , Noorzad Elhama , Siddiqy Farooq Ahmad , Vicerra Manalang , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo
Published: June 2022

Background: Breast cancer prevalence is observed to be higher in developed economies, but the mortality rates due to the said disease tend to be similar or even higher among lower-income countries. Afghanistan is among these countries where breast cancer mortality has been predominant among the female population. This may be related late diagnosis and the presentation of the cancer at much later stages.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a survey questionnaire administered from June 2021 to July 2021 among women living in Herat province of Afghanistan. It evaluated their knowledge and practice towards breast cancer. 534 women answered the survey. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS software.Results: Lower level of knowledge about breast cancer and the limitations to the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) were found to be associated with such late detection and treatment. Using data collected in Herat Province of Afghanistan, this study examined the individual level sociodemographic factors related with the level of knowledge about breast cancer and also with the practice of BSE. It was found that 44% of the study sample of 534 women had high knowledge level. There were fewer still who performed BSE at about 12% of the respondents. Further examination showed that lower education attainment, albeit illiteracy, and the employment status were correlated with knowledge and practice surrounding breast cancer.Conclusion: This entails the need to formulate programs targeting the specific needs of women with lower socioeconomic status to build capacity toward their health and wellbeing.
Seasonal abundance of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci L.) during Rabi and Kharif season of onion under Punjab conditions
Authors: Singh Ravinder , Sandhu Inderpal Singh , Cheema Rupinder Singh
Published: June 2022

The present investigation entitled “Seasonal incidence of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) during Rabi and Kharif season of onion” conducted at Entomological Research Farm, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The incidence of thrips commenced from last week of February and reaches at peak in 13th Standard Meterological Week during rabi season whereas in kharif season, it commenced in early September which gradually increased and reached to peak in 40th Standard Meterological Week. Thrips population gently increased in March and suddenly declined in April during rabi season. During kharif season, thrips population declined and completely disappeared in the 50th Standard Meterological Week. The positive effect of temperature, wind velocity, sunshine hours on thrips population was observed during rabi season whereas negative effect of wind velocity, sunshine hours on thrips population was recorded during kharif season. Relative humidity had shown negative correlation with thrips population.
How automated measurement of lung lesions can predict the course of patients hospitalized with SARS-Cov-2 pneumonia
Authors: Bommel Youri , Volff Maxime , Bartoli Axel , Peres Noémie , Lagier David , Agard Geoffray , Jacquier Alexis , Carvelli Julien , Max Howard , Blasco Valery , Pastene Bruno , Loundou Anderson , Boyer Laurent , Velly Lionel , Bourenne Jeremy , Bobot Mickaël , Bruder Nicolas , Tonon David
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate if an automated measurement of lung lesions, epicardial fat and pericardial volume during the days surrounding hospital admission for COVID-19 pneumonia may predict intubation or mortality. The second purpose of this study was to assess whether the association of these Computed Tomography (CT) measures with the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score, could predict intubation and mortality better than the SOFA score alone.MethodsThis observational retrospective study was conducted in Timone university hospital in Marseille in France, between March 10th and May 10th 2020. All adult patients with COVID-19, admitted with respiratory symptoms and having performed a chest CT three days before to two days after admission were eligible for inclusion. All chest CTs were analyzed using a local automated CT measurement software. The primary outcome was invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or death during the 60-day follow-up. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression were calculated for multivariate analysis. Results176 patients were included in the study. 57 (32.4%) received IMV or died during the 60-day follow-up. After univariate analysis, all lung automated volumetric measures of ground-glass (p=0.015), consolidation (p<0.001) and all lesions to parenchymal volume ratio (p<0.001) were significantly higher for the patients who required IMV or who died. All pulmonary-lesion rate was tested in multivariate analysis and remained significantly higher in the IMV or death group (p=0.003), with an Odd Ratio of 3.52 (1.55-8.01, 95% CI) for patients who had more than 19.5% of pulmonary lesion. Pericardial volume and epicardial fat were not significantly associated with IMV or mortality. In this study, the association of the criterion “pulmonary lesion >20%” to the SOFA score improves its predictive value on IMV or mortality with a AUC of 0.82.ConclusionAutomated chest CT measures of COVID-19 patients with respiratory symptoms admitted to hospital showed a significantly higher rate of lung lesions (ground glass, consolidation, or both) for those who later died or required IMV. Furthermore, the association of these automated CT measures to the SOFA score could help select patients requiring ICU upon entering hospital.
Effects of Bacillus Safensis YY-01 on the Growth of Tomato
Authors: Yang Liyan , Zhang Zihan , Song Meijie , Zhang Yufan , Aikemu Abudumukyiti , Yan Hai
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Although the use of microbial fertilizers is still far lower than that of chemical fertilizers in the planting industry, it has still received much attention for its non-toxic and pollution-free characteristics. Here a promising bacterial strain was successfully isolated from the tomato rhizosphere and identified as Bacillus Safensis YY-01 with 16S rDNA sequence, which was found to significantly enhance both the growth of tomato and the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus, Chaetomium, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi. B. Safensis YY-01 may be a strong candidate as one bacterial strain of microbial fertilizers.
Methods
B. Safensis YY-01 was isolated and cultured, which was used as leaf fertilizer to spray on the phylloplane of tomato every week. The effect of B. Safensis YY-01on the height, chlorophyll, and peroxidase (POD) activity of tomato was investigated, moreover, the microbial community structure of tomato rhizosphere soil was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing technology.
Results
Compared with the control, the height, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, total chlorophyll, and POD activity of tomato Haoliang No.998 were increased by 12.8%, 17.1%, 11.8%, 14.8%, and 37.5%, respectively, and yingfen No.8 were increased by 14.1%, 7.8%, 10.2%, 10.7%, and 7.3%, respectively. Further, the microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil of tomato Haoliang No.998 was analyzed and showed that the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacillus, and Gemmatimonadota increased significantly, and the relative abundance of tomato yingfen No.8’s Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteria, and Bacillus were also increased significantly.
Conclusion
A promising bacterial strain of B. Safensis YY-01 was successfully isolated, which was beneficial to both the growth of tomatoes and the relative abundance of helpful microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of tomatoes.
Heterogeneous scene matching algorithm based on gradient direction distribution field
Authors: Li Qingge , Lu Ruitao , Yang Xiaogang , Wang Siyu , Tong Shen , Xia Wenxin , Wei Zhaoying
Published: June 2022

Heterogenous scene matching is one of the key technologies in the field of computer vision. The image rotation problem has been a hot and difficult problem in the field of heterogenous scene matching. In this paper, a heterogenous scene matching method based on the gradient direction distribution field is proposed. The Distributed field theory is introduced into the heterogenous scene matching for the first time. First, the gradient direction distribution field is constructed and fuzzified, and then the effective regions are selected. Then, the concept of main direction distribution field is defined to solve the matching errors due to the existence of rotational transformations between heterogeneous source images. Third, the Chi-square distance is introduced as a similarity measure. At last, the hill-climbing method search strategy is adopted, which greatly improves the efficiency of the algorithm. Experimental results on 8 pairs of infrared and visible heterogenous images demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the other state-of-the-art region-based matching methods in terms of robustness, accuracy and real-time performance.
Measurement of the 2S1/2,F=0 → 2P1/2,F=1 transition in Muonium
Authors: Janka Gianluca , Ohayon Ben , Cortinovis Irene , Burkley Zak , Borges Lucas de Sousa , Depero Emilio , Golovizin Artem , Ni Xiaojie , Salman Zaher , Suter Andreas , Prokscha Thomas , Crivelli Paolo
Published: June 2022

Here we present the results of the first measurement of the 2S1/2, F=0 -> 2P1/2, F=1 transition in Muonium, the hydrogen-like bound state of a positive muon and an electron. The measured value of 580.6+-6.8 MHz is in agreement with the theoretical calculations. From this measurement a value of the Lamb shift of 1045.5+-6.8 MHz is extracted, compatible with previous experiments. We also determine for the first time the 2S hyperfine splitting in Muonium to be 559.6+-7.2 MHz.
The measured transition being isolated from the other hyperfine levels holds the promise to provide an improved determination of the Muonium Lamb shift at a level where bound state QED recoil corrections not accessible in hydrogen could be tested. Such a measurement will also be sensitive to new physics in the muonic sector, e.g. to new bosons which might provide an explanation of the g-2 muon anomaly or Lorentz and CPT violation. We also present the first observation of Muonium in the n = 3 excited state opening up the possibility of new precise microwave measurements as realized in hydrogen.
Chalcone Derivative B8HA as A Novel Histone Deacetylase and Tubulin Dual-targeting Inhibitors, Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Proliferation
Authors: li kangkang , zheng qiuling , qi shulei , xie yi , Chen Xuehong
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Designing and synthesizing dual- and multi-target drugs have raised considerable interests due to their advantages in improving potencies as antitumor agents. In previous studies, our group designed and synthesized a series of novel chalcone based tubulin and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dual-targeting inhibitors. Among them, compound B8HA exhibited promising potency for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. In this work, we highlighted its biological evaluations in MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells.
Methods
The in vitro antiproliferative efficacies of compound B8HA against MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7, 4T1, A549, HCT-116, HT-29 and K562 were evaluated with MTT assay. Moreover, the potencies of B8HA as inhibitors of HDAC and tubulin polymerase were also evaluated in vitro and vivo.
Results
Comparing to the classical HDACi SAHA, B8HA has higher potency to induce apoptosis and inhibits the migratory and invasive abilities of tumor cells under the same dose in vitro and vivo. B8HA as tubulin inhibition is also able to inhibit the formation of capillary-like structures as well as to disrupt existing tubules.
Conclusion
These results indicated that compound B8HA is a potent inhibitor of both HDAC and tubulin, leading to excellent in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activities.
Sequential Fear Generalization and Network Connectivity in Trauma Exposed Humans With and Without Psychopathology
Authors: zhu Xi , Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Lazarov Amit , Such Sara , Marohasy Caroline , Small Scott , Wager Tor , Lindquist Martin , Kissek Shmuel , Neria Yuval
Published: June 2022

While impaired fear generalization is known to underlie a wide range of psychopathology, the extent to which exposure to trauma by itself is resulted in deficient fear generalization and its neural abnormalities is yet to be studied. Similarly, the neural function of intact fear generalization in people who endured trauma and did not develop significant psychopathology is yet to be characterized. Here, we utilized fMRI, a generalization task, and a network connectivity approach to clarify behavioral and neural markers of trauma and resilience. The generalization task enabled longitudinal assessments of threat discrimination learning. Trauma-exposed (TEs) participants, compared to healthy controls (HCs) showed lower activity reduction in salience network (SN) and right executive control network (RECN) across the two sequential generalization stages, and worse discrimination learning in SN measured by linear deviation scores (LDS). Comparison of resilient, trauma-exposed healthy participants (TEHCs), trauma exposed individuals presenting with psychopathology (TEPGs), and HCs, revealed a resilience signature of network connectivity differences in the RECN during generalization learning measured by LDS. These findings may indicate a trauma exposure phenotype that has the potential to advance the development of innovative treatments by targeting and engaging specific neural dysfunction among trauma-exposed individuals, across different psychopathologies.
Analysis of the Effect of Spaceflight on Drug Potency to Quantify the Risk of Medication Failure for Exploration Space Missions
Authors: Reichard John , Phelps shean , Lehnhardt Kris , Young Millennia , Easter Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Pharmaceuticals selected for exploration space missions must remain stable and effective throughout mission timeframes. Although there have been six spaceflight drug stability studies, there has not been an analysis of these data. We sought to quantify the rate of spaceflight drug degradation and the time-dependent probability of drug failure resulting from loss of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Additionally, a review of previous spaceflight drug stability studies was performed to identify strategic research gaps that should be addressed prior to exploration missions. Data were extracted from these six spaceflight studies and analyzed to quantify API loss for 36 drug products with long-duration exposure to the spaceflight environment. Medications stored for up to 2.4 years in low Earth orbit (LEO) exhibit a loss of potency that, for most drugs, is within 5% of terrestrial lot-matched controls. Models estimate that spaceflight is associated with a ~1.5-fold increase in degradation rate and a corresponding increase in the probability of failure. However, this extra risk of drug failure is a fraction of the baseline failure risk observed for matched controls. All existing studies of spaceflight drug stability have focused primarily on repackaged solid oral medications. It is established that non-protective repackaging exposes medications to atmospheric factors that facilitates loss of potency. Our analysis suggests that although spaceflight exposure is associated with a loss of drug potency, the effect is a fraction of the terrestrial baseline. We conclude that a primary factor contributing to API loss may be nonprotective drug repackaging. This analysis highlights a critical need to evaluate the effect of current drug repackaging practices on API degradation, and if necessary develop and validate operationally appropriate protective drug repackaging for use on exploration missions.
Co-design, implementation, and evaluation of plain language genomic test reports
Authors: Brett Gemma , Ward Aisha , Bouffler Sophie , Palmer Elizabeth , Boggs Kirsten , Lynch Fiona , Springer Amanda , Nisselle Amy , Stark Zornitza
Published: June 2022

Understanding and communicating genomic results can be challenging for families and health professionals without genetic specialty training. Unlike modifying existing laboratory reports, plain language genomic test reports provide opportunity for patient/family-centered approaches. However, emerging examples generally lack co-design and/or evaluation in real-world settings. Through co-design involving patient groups, plain language experts, educators, and genetic health professionals, plain language genomic test report templates were produced for common test outcomes in rare disease. These reports were implemented as part of a national pediatric ultra-rapid genomic testing program. Family and genetic health professional experiences with report layout, content, and use were explored using surveys. Eight plain language genomic test report templates were developed. Of 154 families and 107 genetic health professionals issued with reports, 51 families and 57 clinicians responded (RR = 33% and 53%, respectively). Most families (82%) found their report helpful in understanding the result. Reports were shared by 63% of families, predominantly with family members (72%), or health professionals (68%). Clinicians (15%) adapted the reports for other settings. Through co-design, plain language genomic test reports implemented in a real-world setting can facilitate patient/family and caregiver understanding and communication of genomic test purpose, outcome, and potential clinical implications.
The effect of adverse pregnancy outcomes on early vascular aging in young women:The Kailuan Study
Authors: liu yan , LIN LIMING , TAO BONI , DING XIONG , Chen Shuohua , Wang Guodong , Shi Jihong , Huang Zhe , YU JIAXIN , YANG NING , Wu Shouling , Li Yuming
Published: June 2022

Backgroud: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are at increased future cardiovascular risk and require effective risk mitigation. However, data regarding appropriate postpartum screening for young women with APOs are lacking. We aimed to investigate the association between APOs and early vascular aging (EVA) in young women.Methods: Women who gave birth from 1990 to 2020 and underwent brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) assessments in the postpartum period were recruited. We excluded women with age≥50 years at the baPWV assessment or missing postpartum health examinations. The history of APOs including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery and low birth weight were assessed by medical records. EVA was defined as baPWV above the 90th percentile for different age group. Multivariable Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of APOs and EVA. Results: 3,193 participants were included in the analysis, including 912 (28.6%) individuals with APOs. The detection rates of EVA in the non-APO group and the APOs group were 7.19% (164) and 13.9% (127), respectively (P<0.05). Compared with non-APO group, the OR (95% CI) of APO-induced EVA was 1.67(1.29-2.16). The risks in the 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 age groups were 2.51 (1.13-5.59), 1.83 (1.30-2.59), and 1.35 (0.82-2.21) (P for trend <0.05). Conclusions: APOs are risk factors of EVA for young women and the risk decreased with increasing age. EVA should be an important indicator for preventive cardiovascular risk management in young women with APOs.Clinical trial registrationregistration number ChiCTR-TNRC-11001489 http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=8050
Do expectation-maximization algorithms have to make use of ‘background distribution’ for de novo motif search?
Authors: Vladimirovich Bannikov Artyom
Published: June 2022

Sequence motif search remains an important problem in molecular biology. Many current tools for motif search utilize the expectation –maximization algorithm. Commonly, the algorithm assumes that a sub-sequence is produced by either the background distribution or the motif distribution. Likelihoods of having been sampled from the two distributions are computed for a sub-sequence. The ratio of the likelihoods is the subsequence score. Is background really needed? Definition of motif does not require background. Thus, the existence of background is hypothetical information that can lead the search astray. This work shows that the expectation-maximization algorithm does not have to utilize the background distribution to be practical. The relation between the number of logL minima and the number of sequences is exponential. Nevertheless, the time to find the constant fraction of motifs depends on the number of sequences linearly. Thus, relatively large sequence sets can be analyzed by the EM without the introduction of background.
Frequency-dependent alterations in the default mode network during general anesthesia: a study in the rat
Authors: Guo Fengru , Li Yuqin , Jian Zhaoxin , Cui Yan , Gong Wenhui , Li Airui , Xu Peng , Chen Ke , Yao Dezhong , Guo Daqing , Xia Yang
Published: June 2022

The anesthetic states induced by general anesthesia are accompanied by changes in functional and effective connectivity in brain networks. Considering the perturbations in oscillations produced by anesthesia, we postulated that the capability of information transmission in brain networks has distinct manifestations in different frequency bands. Therefore, we implanted electrodes in brain regions of the rat default mode network (DMN) that are related to anesthetic states to acquire local field potentials. Data were computed with power spectral density, graphic theory analysis, fuzzy entropy, and directed phase transfer entropy. Our results illustrated that the transition patterns of DMN activity are frequency dependent. Collectively, the sedative and general anesthetic states derive from inharmonious information processing ໿instantiated by contrasting lower/higher-frequency changes in DMN activity. These results impart insights into the neural network mechanisms underlying anesthesia and suggest the potential of monitoring depth of anesthesia based on lower/higher frequency synergy at the network level.
Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Adaptive Back-EMF Observer
Authors: Ye Yu , Cao Xiangang , Duan Yun , Wu Yuze , Yang Xin
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the problem that the change of motor parameters in actual operation will significantly reduce the control accuracy of the motor, this paper proposes a sensorless control method of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on an adaptive back-EMF observer. In the sensorless vector control algorithm, the mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the coordinate axis transformation is established, the flux linkage of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is identified online, and the motor model is updated with the specified parameters, to realize the analysis of the rotor position and the permanent magnet synchronous motor. Accurate control of rotational speed. The back-EMF observer and the adaptive back-EMF observer are verified in the simulation environment. The simulation results show that the adaptive back-EMF observer can quickly converge to the actual value and track the motor parameters well. Enabling highly accurate rotor speed and position estimation. Finally, the permanent magnet synchronous motor control platform is built in the laboratory. Under the condition of the parameter change of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, the online identification of the parameters and the accurate control of the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor can be realized.
Comparative Performance of Ensemble Machine Learning for Arabic Cyberbullying and Offensive Language Detection
Authors: Khairy Marwa , Mahmoud Tarek M. , Omar Ahmed , El-Hafeez Tarek Abd
Published: June 2022

In recent years, research on abusive language and cyberbullying detection have gained a great deal of interest since it affects both individual victims and societies. Hateful communications, bullying, sexism, racism, aggressive content, harassment, toxic comments, and other forms of abuse have all increased dramatically due to the ease of access to social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and others. As a result, there is a significant need to identify, manage, and restrict the spread of offensive content on social networking sites, prompting us to perform this study to automate the detection of offensive language or cyberbullying. Having a balanced data set for a model would generate higher accuracy models, thus we build a new Arabic balanced data set to be used in the process of offensive detection. Lately, Ensemble Machine Learning has been used to enhance the performance of single classifiers. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of different single and ensemble machine learning algorithms in detecting Arabic text containing cyberbullying and offensive language. For this purpose, we have chosen three machine learning classifiers and three ensemble models and apply them to three Arabic datasets two of them are offensive datasets that are publicly available, and the third one which we constructed. The results showed that the ensemble machine learning methodology outperforms the single learner machine learning approach. Voting performs is the best among the trained ensemble machine learning classifiers, with accuracy scores of (71.1%, 76.7%, and 98.5%) for the three used datasets respectively, exceeding the score obtained by the best single learner classifier (65.1%, 76.2%, and 98%) for the same datasets. Finally we use hyperparameters tunning on the Arabic cyberbylluing data set to optize the performance of the voting technique.
A prediction system using AI techniques to predict Students’ learning difficulties using LMS for sustainable development at KFU
Authors: Koshiry Amr Mohamed El , El-Hafeez Tarek Abd , Omar Ahmed , Eliwa Entesar Hamed Ibraheem
Published: June 2022

With the emergence of the covid 19 pandemic, E-learning usage was the only way to solve the problem of study interruption in educational institutions and universities. Therefore, this field reserved significant attention in current times. In this paper, we used ten Machine Learning (ML) algorithms: Decision Tree(DT), Random Forest(RF), Logistic Regression(LR), SGD Classifier, Multinomial NB, K- Nearest Neighbors Classifier(KNN), Ridge Classifier, Nearest Centroid, Complement NB and Bernoulli NB) to build a prediction system based on artificial intelligence techniques to predict the difficulties students face in using the e-learning management system, to support related decision-making. Which, in turn, contributes supporting the sustainable development of technology at the university. From the results obtained, we detect the important factors that affect the use of
E-learning to solve students' learning difficulties using LMS by building a prediction system based on AI techniques.
Impact of institutional interventions on the rate of paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Jao Mark E , Indorf Amy L , Segal Eve M , Miske Abby F , Eaton Keith D , Marsolini Trisha L , Ghuman Simran K
Published: June 2022

Purpose Paclitaxel is associated with hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Intravenous premedication regimens have been devised to decrease the incidence and severity of HSRs. At our institution, intravenous dexamethasone, oral histamine 1 receptor antagonists (H1RA) and histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) were adopted as standard. Standardizations were implemented for consistent premedication use in all disease states. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the incidence and severity of HSRs before and after standardization.Methods Patients who received paclitaxel from April 20, 2018 to December 8, 2020 having a HSR were included in analysis. An infusion was flagged for review if a rescue medication was administered after the start of paclitaxel infusion. Incidence of all HSR prior to and post standardization were compared. A subgroup analysis of patients receiving paclitaxel for the first and second time was performed.Results There were 3581 infusions in the pre-standardization group and 1179 infusions in the post- standardization group. After review, 100 HSRs pre-standardization and 38 HSRs post-standardization were confirmed reactions. The rate of overall HSRs was 2.9% in the pre-standardization group and 3.3% in the post-standardization group (p=0.48). HSRs, during the first and second doses of paclitaxel, occurred in 10.2% of the pre-standardization and 8.5% in the post-standardization group (p=0.55). Conclusions This retrospective interventional study demonstrated that same-day intravenous dexamethasone, oral H1RA, and oral H2RA is a safe premedication regimen for paclitaxel. No change in severity of reactions was seen. Overall, better adherence to premedication administration was seen post standardization.
Cdon suppresses Vascular Smooth Muscle Calcification via Repression of Wnt/Runx2 axis
Authors: Kang Jong-Sun , Ahn Byeong-Yun , Kim Su Woo , Jeong Yideul , Leem Young-Eun
Published: June 2022

Osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a risk factor associated with vascular diseases. Wnt signaling is one of the major mechanisms implicated in osteogenic conversion of VSMCs. Since Cdon plays a negative role in Wnt signaling in distinct cellular processes, we sought to investigate the role of Cdon in vascular calcification. The expression of Cdon is significantly downregulated in VSMCs of aortas of patients with atherosclerosis and aortic stenosis. Consistently, calcification models including vitamin D3 (VD3)-injected mice and VSMCs cultured with calcifying media exhibited reduced Cdon expression. Cdon ablation mice (cKO) exhibited exacerbated aortic stiffness and calcification in response to VD3, compared to the control. Cdon depletion induced the osteogenic conversion of VSMCs accompanied by cellular senescence. The Cdon-deficient aortas showed a significant alteration in gene expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation together with Wnt signaling regulators. Consistently, Cdon depletion or overexpression in VSMC elevated or attenuated Wnt-reporter activities, respectively. The deletion mutant of second immunoglobulin domain (Ig2) in Cdon ectodomain failed to suppress Wnt signaling and osteogenic conversion of VSMCs. Furthermore, the treatment of purified the recombinant proteins of entire ectodomain or Ig2 domain of Cdon displayed suppressive effects on Wnt signaling and VSMC calcification. Our results demonstrate a protective role of Cdon in VSMC calcification via suppressing Wnt signaling. The Ig2 domain of Cdon has a potential as a therapeutic tool to prevent vascular calcification.
A Neural-Related Gene Risk Score for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: TAO Zhuo-ying , Yang Wei-fa , Zhu Wang-yong , Wang Lei-lei , Li Kar Yan , Guan Xin-yuan , Su Yu-xiong
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesThis study was aimed to establish a neural-related gene risk score (NRGRS) for the prediction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) prognosis, and explore its prognostic value on the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.Materials and MethodsBased on the transcriptome data of HNSCC patients (n = 546) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 37 neural-related hub genes were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Four genes (ITGA5, PYGM, GNG7 and ATP2A3) were identified to construct NRGRS using Lasso-Cox regression method based on the TCGA cohort and validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort (n = 109). The survival analysis and Cox regression were performed to validate the prognostic value of NRGRS. Afterward, the molecular and immune characteristics in NRGRS-defined subgroups were analyzed and the prediction value of NRGRS on the benefit of ICI therapy was compared with other biomarkers.ResultsNRGRS-high patients had a worse overall survival than NRGRS-low patients. A low NRGRS was correlated with DNA repair-related and immune response-related pathways, while a high NRGRS was associated with Wnt-beta-catenin signaling, neurotrophic signaling and metabolism-related pathways. Tumors with high NRGRS were more likely to have high TP53, CDKN2A, FAT1 and NOTCH1 mutation rates and have high infiltration of naive CD4 + T cells, resting NK cells, M0, M2 macrophages and resting mast cells, which illustrated suppressive immunity and less benefit from ICI therapy.ConclusionIn conclusion, NRGRS is a promising prognostic biomarker to predict the survival, the molecular and immune characteristics, and also immunotherapy benefit for HNSCC patients.Clinical RelevanceThis study provides evidence for the potential correlation between neural-related transcriptome alteration and immune activity in HNSCC.
Prevalence of Extra-Hepatic Incidental Findings on Ultrasound Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Forrest Allison , Afshari Sam , Franssen Nathan , Ali Naiim
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Abdominal ultrasound is a cost-effective method for screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk individuals. Currently, at many institutions the protocol for obtaining HCC screening ultrasounds includes a traditional examination of the right upper quadrant, including the pancreas and right kidney. There is no consensus on the role of imaging of extra-hepatic structures and there is limited data describing the frequency and clinical significance of incidental findings discovered during HCC screening. The purpose of this retrospective study is to assess the prevalence and significance of extra-hepatic incidental findings during HCC screening ultrasounds.Methods: A single-center retrospective review of all right upper quadrant HCC screening ultrasounds identified 432 HCC screening ultrasounds performed on 294 adults over a 2.5-year period. Findings in all organs evaluated were recorded. Any incidental finding was classified as minor, moderate, or major clinical significance. LI-RADS category and visualization score were also documented. Results: At least one extrahepatic finding was documented in 56.5% of examinations. The most common extra-hepatic findings occurred in the gallbladder (40.3%), most commonly gallstones (25.4%). Four moderate clinically significant incidental findings were recorded (0.9%). Only one of these incidental findings required specific imaging follow up 0.2%). No major clinical significance incidental findings were identified. Conclusions: Potentially clinically significant incidental findings during HCC screenings are rare. Given the low rates of significant incidental findings identified on HCC screening ultrasound, these data support a more limited HCC screening ultrasound protocol.
Morphometric assessment of facial morphology in infants with unilateral cleft lip/palate up to two years of age using 3D stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Jaklová Lenka Kožejová , Kočandrlová Karolina , Dupej Ján , Borský Jiří , Černý Miloš , Velemínská Jana
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To assess modelled facial development of infants with unilateral cleft lip (CL)/cleft lip and palate (UCLP) compared to controls for up to two years.Materials and methods: A total of 201 facial images of children (clefts, controls) were obtained in 4 different age categories (in years; T0: 0.2–0.5; T1: 0.6–1.0; T2: 1.1–1.5; T3: 1.6–2.0); they were evaluated using 3D stereophotogrammetry and geometric morphometrics.Results: In the CL patients, the forehead was significantly retracted (p ≤ 0.001), while the supraorbital and ocular regions were prominent (p ≤ 0.001). The oronasal region appeared convex compared to controls (p ≤ 0.001). The lower lip and chin were non-significantly protruded. In UCLP patients, a significantly retracted forehead and prominent supraorbital region were also apparent (p ≤ 0.001). The most striking deviations were observed in the middle face with a markedly retrusive oronasal region (p ≤ 0.001). The chin was significantly protruded anteriorly (p ≤ 0.01). In both clefts, no progression of deviations was confirmed with increasing age. After the first year, a slight improvement in the morphological features appeared due to the patients' growth potential and surgical method. The shape variability of the clefts and controls overlapped, suggesting comparable modelled facial development.Conclusions: The facial morphology of cleft individuals was comparable to the norm with marked shape deviation in the oronasal region, forehead, and chin, which minimised with increasing age even in complete clefts.Clinical relevance Visualising the facial surface through 3D stereophotogrammetry may improve early childhood surgical planning and postoperative therapy.
Combined effects of temperature and salinity on digestion and respiration metabolism of Pinctada fucata
Authors: Yang Jingru , Fu Zhengyi , Ma Zhenhua , Yu Gang
Published: June 2022

Combined effects of temperature and salinity on the digestion and respiration metabolism of Pinctada fucata was evaluated via response surface methodology and box-benhnken design under laboratory condition. Results indicated that the primary and secondary effects of salinity and temperature had significant effects on amylase (AMS) of P. fucata (P < 0.05)., The digestive enzyme reached the maximum activity when the temperature was 26°C, AMS and trypsin (TRYP) firstly increased, and then decreased with the increasing of temperature. Lipase (LPS) was positively correlated with either salinity or temperature. Salinity had no significant effect on TRYP in the primary effect (P > 0.05), but had significant effect on TRYP in the secondary effect (P < 0.01), which was completely opposite to the effect of temperature on pepsin (PEP) in the primary and secondary effects. The combined effects of salinity and temperature on AMS, TRYP and PEP were significant (P < 0.01), but had no significant effect on LPS (P > 0.05). The primary, secondary and interaction effects of salinity had significant effects on NKA (Na+-K+-ATPase) of P. fucata (P < 0.05), and NKA presented a U-shaped distribution with the increasing of salinity. The quadratic and interactive effects of temperature had a significant effect on AKP (P < 0.05), and AKP showed a U-shaped distribution with the increasing of temperature. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity firstly decreased, and then increased when temperature and salinity changed from 20–30 ℃ and 23‰ to 33‰, respectively. The expression of GPX gene affected by temperature in gill may be delayed compared with that in liver, and its expression is tissue-specific. The appropriate digestion and respiratory metabolism index models were established under the combined temperature and salinity conditions. The optimization results showed that the optimal combination of temperature and salinity was 26.288°C / 28.272‰. The desirability was 0.832. Results from the present study will provide a theoretical reference for shellfish culture affected by environmental interaction and the establishment of related index models.
Androgen deprivation restores ARHGEF2 to promote neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer
Authors: Shang Zhiqun , Chen Xuanrong , Shao Yi , Wei Wanqing , Zhu Shimiao , Li Yang , Chen Yutong , Li Hanlin , Tian Hao , Sun Guijiang , Niu Yuanjie
Published: June 2022

Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer and has been targeted by castration or AR-antagonists. The emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is inevitable. However, it is not entirely clear how ADT fails or how it causes resistance. Through analysis of RNA-seq data, we nominate ARHGEF2 as a pivotal androgen-repressed gene. We show that ARHGEF2 is directly suppressed by androgen/AR. AR occupies the enhancer and communicates with the promoter region of ARHGEF2. Functionally, ARHGEF2 is important for the growth, lethal phenotype and survival of CRPC cells and tumor xenografts. Correspondingly, AR inhibition or AR antagonist treatment can restore ARHGEF2 expression, thereby allowing prostate cancer cells to induce treatment resistance and tolerance. Overall, our findings provide an explanation for the contradictory clinical results that ADT may be caused by the up-regulation of ARHGEF2 and provide a novel target.