bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boltzmann–Shannon interaction entropy: A normalized measure for continuous variables with an application as a subsample quality metric
Authors: Diggans C. Tyler , AlMomani Abd AlRahman R.
Published: December 2023

The recent introduction of geometric partition entropy offered an alternative to differential Shannon entropy for the quantification of uncertainty as estimated from a sample drawn from a one-dimensional bounded continuous probability distribution. In addition to being a fresh perspective for the basis of continuous information theory, this new approach provided several improvements over traditional entropy estimators including its effectiveness on sparse samples and a proper incorporation of the impact from extreme outliers. However, a complimentary relationship exists between the new geometric approach and the basic form of its frequency-based predecessor that is leveraged here to define an entropy measure with no bias toward the sample size. This stable normalized measure is named the Boltzmann–Shannon interaction entropy (BSIE)) as it is defined in terms of a standard divergence between the measure-based and frequency-based distributions that can be associated with the two historical figures. This parameter-free measure can be accurately estimated in a computationally efficient manner, and we illustrate its utility as a quality metric for subsampling in the context of nonlinear polynomial regression.
B56δ long-disordered arms form a dynamic PP2A regulation interface coupled with global allostery and Jordan’s syndrome mutations
Authors: Wu Cheng-Guo , Balakrishnan Vijaya K. , Merrill Ronald A. , Parihar Pankaj S. , Konovolov Kirill , Chen Yu-Chia , Xu Zhen , Wei Hui , Sundaresan Ramya , Cui Qiang , Wadzinski Brian E. , Swingle Mark R. , Musiyenko Alla , Chung Wendy K. , Honkanen Richard E. , Suzuki Aussie , Huang Xuhui , Strack Stefan , Xing Yongna
Published: December 2023

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) and short linear motifs (SLiMs) play pivotal roles in the intricate signaling networks governed by phosphatases and kinases. B56δ (encoded byPPP2R5D) is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) with long IDRs that harbor a substrate-mimicking SLiM and multiple phosphorylation sites. De novo missense mutations inPPP2R5Dcause intellectual disabilities (ID), macrocephaly, Parkinsonism, and a broad range of neurological symptoms. Our single-particle cryo-EM structures of the PP2A-B56δ holoenzyme reveal that the long, disordered arms at the B56δ termini fold against each other and the holoenzyme core. This architecture suppresses both the phosphatase active site and the substrate-binding protein groove, thereby stabilizing the enzyme in a closed latent form with dual autoinhibition. The resulting interface spans over 190 Å and harbors unfavorable contacts, activation phosphorylation sites, and nearly all residues with ID-associated mutations. Our studies suggest that this dynamic interface is coupled to an allosteric network responsive to phosphorylation and altered globally by mutations. Furthermore, we found that ID mutations increase the holoenzyme activity and perturb the phosphorylation rates, and the severe variants significantly increase the mitotic duration and error rates compared to the normal variant.
Temperature dependence of infrared photoresponse from lead sulfide film grown by chemical bath deposition
Authors: Shi Zeyuan , Li Haozhou , Yang Dong , Chen Shi , Leng Chongqian , Que Longcheng , Shen Jun
Published: December 2023

Due to the lower Auger recombination coefficient of lead salts, the study of room temperature infrared detectors based on lead salt is reemerges as a hot research topic. In this paper, we prepared polycrystalline lead sulfide (PbS) films using chemical bath deposition and fabricated a photovoltage infrared detector with Si. Different from normal PbS photodetectors, which usually show positive photoconductivity, our device demonstrated both positive and negative photoconductivity under 1550 nm laser illumination. The switching of positive and negative photoconductivity was found to be depended on temperature and applied bias. We proposed that the change of photoconductivity is due to the electron traps from S vacancies. Furthermore, we also tested the photoresponse under infrared blackbody radiation, which confirms that the device exhibits high sensitivity. The temperature dependence of PbS infrared photodetector demonstrated in this paper could be useful for applications involving focal array planes based on lead-related materials.
Recent progress in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Yang , Dendzik Maciej
Published: December 2023

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a well-established experimental technique that allows probing of the electronic structure of quantum materials using relatively high-energy photons. ARPES has been extensively used to study important classes of materials such as topological insulators, high-temperature superconductors, two-dimensional materials or interface systems. Although the technique was originally developed over 60 years ago, the last decade has witnessed significant advancements in instrumentation. In this review, we survey recent progress in ARPES, with a focus on developments in novel light sources and electron detection methods, which enable the expansion of ARPES into spin-, time-, or space-resolved domains. Important examples of ARPES results are presented, together with an outlook for the field.
Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on the three-dimensional coupled periodic potential-induced stochastic resonance
Authors: Xia Ping , Lei Mohan , Xu Hua , Gao Longfei
Published: December 2023

Conventional bistable and monostable stochastic resonance (SR) methods exhibit certain limitations in their capacity to enhance and extract incipient characteristics. Firstly, the inherent potential function structure, characterized by a singular stable-state paradigm, proves inadequate in accommodating the heterogeneous and multifaceted condition monitoring signals. Secondly, the interconnected dynamic characteristics of the mechanical signals remain unaccounted for. Furthermore, conventional SR methods persist in utilizing a fixed constant as the critical system parameter, thereby neglecting the synergistic interaction among monitoring signals, potential function structures, and scale factors. Owing to the rich dynamic characteristics of the three-dimensional multi-stable coupled periodic potential SR system, it demonstrates superior noise utilization compared to monostable and bistable systems. In view of this, the present formulates a three-dimensional spatial model employing a coupled periodic potential model with nonlinear coupling. Subsequently, a pioneering method for diagnosing rolling bearing faults is introduced, utilizing the framework of three-dimensional multi-stable coupled periodic potential-induced SR. Simulation and experimental results illustrate that this approach effectively enhances and extracts the subtle fault characteristics of rolling bearings, ensuring a clear distinction between the spectral peak at the bearing fault characteristic frequency and the spectral peak originating from the interference noise.
CPA-induced Hz to THz broadband absorber with switchable perfect absorption between radio-microwave and THz frequency spectrum
Authors: Khan Mohd Salman , Giri Pushpa , Varshney Gaurav , Sharma Ajay K
Published: December 2023

The coherent perfect absorption (CPA) occurring in the graphene sheet suspended in air can be utilized to develop an ultrathin, ultra-broadband absorber working in the frequency range from a few hertz (Hz) to terahertz (THz) with perfect absorption. A graphene sheet is studied to induce the CPA to cover radio, microwave and lower THz frequency ranges. A graphene resonator able to provide the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is combined with the graphene sheet to provide CPA at either side of a thin dielectric layer forms metamaterial structure with the cavity and enhances the absorption bandwidth in the THz region by creating a resonance near quasi-CPA frequency. A dielectric silicon resonator is embedded in the structure, which creates dipolar resonances between the resonances obtained by the formed cavity between the graphene sheet and resonator. This enhances the absorption level in the THz region. The absorption bandwidth is further enhanced to 7 THz by including a graphene disc at the top of the silicon resonator. Thus, the multiple multi-order resonances occurring in the silicon dielectric and SPR of graphene resonators are merged with the phenomena of CPA occurring in the graphene sheets to extend the CPA bandwidth in the THz regime. The doping level of graphene or its tunable Fermi energy based on the applied DC electric field provides the tunability in the total obtained absorption bandwidth. The symmetric structure provides polarization-insensitive behavior with an allowed incident angle of more than 45° with more than 90% absorption.
Strain modulation of epitaxial h-BN on sapphire: the role of wrinkle formation for large-area two-dimensional materials
Authors: Tatarczak Piotr , Iwański Jakub , Dąbrowska Aleksandra Krystyna , Tokarczyk Mateusz , Binder Johannes , Stępniewski Roman , Wysmołek Andrzej
Published: December 2023

Strain built-in electronic and optoelectronic devices can influence their properties and lifetime. This effect is particularly significant at the interface between two-dimensional materials and substrates. One such material is epitaxial hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which is grown at temperatures often exceeding 1000 °C. Due to the high growth temperature, h-BN based devices operating at room temperature can be strongly affected by strain generated during cooling due to the differences in lattice thermal expansion of h-BN and the substrate. Here, we present results of temperature-dependent Raman studies of the in-plane E2g
high phonon mode in the temperature range of 300–1100 K measured for h-BN grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. We observe a change, by an order of magnitude, in the rate of the temperature-induced frequency shift for temperatures below 900 K, indicating a strong reduction of the effective h-BN/substrate interaction. We attribute this behavior to the creation of h-BN wrinkles which results in strain relaxation. This interpretation is supported by the observation that no change of layer/substrate interaction and no wrinkles are observed for delaminated h-BN films transferred onto silicon. Our findings demonstrate that wrinkle formation is an inherent process for two-dimensional materials on foreign substrates that has to be understood to allow for the successful engineering of devices based on epitaxially grown van der Waals heterostructures.
Investigating the structural, electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic, and optical properties of rare earth-based halide perovskites CsMCl3 (M = U, Np, Pu)
Authors: Gautam Sakshi , Ghosh Sukriti , Gupta Dinesh C
Published: December 2023

A detailed study of the physical properties of caesium-based halide perovskites, specifically CsUCl3, CsNpCl3, and CsPuCl3, by full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method has been performed. The stability of the compounds is ensured after energy optimization in two different phases, viz. ferromagnetic and non–magnetic, wherefrom we concluded these perovskites are energetically more stable in the ferromagnetic phase. By adopting the optimized lattice constant, we have determined different electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic, optical, and transport properties. The GGA+ mBJ approximation predicts the half-metallic character of these compounds. The M-sited atom is the foremost contributor to the ferromagnetic nature of these compounds. We have also calculated thermodynamic parameters like thermal expansion, Gruneisen parameter, specific heat capacity, and Debye temperature by employing the quasi-harmonic Debye model. Further optical properties of the compounds are examined in terms of dielectric constant, absorption coefficient, and refractive index. The obtained results from the study signify that these materials are apt for electro-optic and spintronics devices.
Lower bound of group velocity imposed by non-linearities induced by external sources in photonic and phononic crystals with losses
Authors: Escalante Jose M
Published: December 2023

In the present work, it has been studied how the group velocity, in waves propagating trough photonic and phonic crystals with losses, is affected by non-linearities induced by external sources. The work takes as starting point the mathematical approach exposed in the article called ‘Effect of loss on the dispersion relation of photonic and phononic crystals’ of V Laude et al, where it is considered, as a plausible hypothesis, that the non-linearities are only induced by external mechanisms and not by the modes propagating through the structure. The research has been focused on some points of the band structure that are of great interest: frozen modes and in the middle of bandgap. A strong dependency of the lower bound of group velocity has been found as a function of points considered. As a main result, it has been observed that the non-linear effects induced and material losses considered can have opposite effects on the group velocity, observing cases where the lower bound of group velocity is reduced below the limits established by the work of V Laude et al.On the other hand, it has been found that the non-linearities limit the group velocity in the middle of bandgap, disappearing the classical Hartman effect.
Generalized perturbation (n, N − n) fold Darboux transformation for a nonlocal Hirota equation with variable coefficients
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhaqilao
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a nonlocal Hirota equation with variable coefficients is investigated by applying the generalized perturbation (n, N − n) fold Darboux transformation method and Taylor expansion method. Multi-soliton solutions are obtained when the seed solution is trivial, and multi-soliton solutions, multi-breather solutions, high-order rogue wave solutions and their interaction solutions are obtained when the seed solution is a plane wave solution. Especially, we get the interaction solution of soliton, breather and rogue wave solution. In addition, by choosing appropriate parameters, the dynamic behaviors of the obtained solution are explored.
Enhanced nonlinear absorption and photoluminescence properties of Zn, Fe, Cu, V and Ni doped MoO3 transition metal oxide thin films
Authors: Pepe Yasemin , Tutel Yusuf , Ucar Ali Deniz , Cevik Eda , Karatay Ahmet , Unalan Husnu Emrah , Elmali Ayhan
Published: December 2023

In this study, the effect of the dopant element on the linear, nonlinear absorption and optical limiting properties of ultrasonically sprayed MoO3 thin films is presented. The linear optical results showed an increase with the density of the defect states in the bandgap with doping, in conjunction with a decrease in bandgap energy and an increase in Urbach energy. Broad photoluminescence emissions are detected in the range of 350 and 600 nm, decreasing in intensity by doping. To reveal the defect states effects’ on the nonlinear absorption (NA) behavior, OA Z-scan data were analyzed with two theoretical models considering only two photon absorption (2PA) (model 1), and one photon absorption (OPA), 2PA and free carrier absorption (model 2). The NA behavior is observed and found to get enhanced by increasing input intensity and doping atoms due to generation of new oxygen vacancies and formation of further defect states. The NA coefficient values of the thin films in model 2 are 100 times higher than that of 2PA coefficient values in model 1. This result revealed the strong effect of defect states on the NA behavior. Among the investigated dopant atoms, Cu resulted in enhanced NA due to the higher density of defect states. While the genuine 2PA is the dominant NA mechanism for V and Fe doped MoO3 thin films, OPA and 2PA are the dominant NA mechanisms for the Ni, Zn and Cu doped MoO3 thin films due to their higher concentration of defect states. Cu-doped MoO3 thin film has a lower optical limiting threshold of 0.026 mJ/cm2 due to its enhanced NA behavior. Considering the results obtained, this study opens the door to the potential of doped MoO3 thin films to be used as optical limiters in the visible wavelength region.
Photothermal-enhanced multifunctional nanozyme for regulate GSH and H2O2 in tumor for improving catalytic therapy
Authors: You Sasha , Lu Si , Gao Haiqing , Song Qian , Li Ling
Published: December 2023

Nanozyme-based catalytic therapy have been limited by poor catalyic performance, insufficient endogenous H2O2 concentration and high concentrations of GSH in tumor microenvironment. Herein, bimetallic MOFs were synthesized, loaded with glucose oxidase and then modified with polydopamine to obtain photothermal-enhanced nanozyme (Zr/Ce-MOFs/GOx/PDA) with GSH and H2O2 regulating properties for tumor catalytic therapy. The results showed that Zr/Ce-MOFs/GOx/PDA nanozyme exhibits intrinsic peroxidase-like and GPx-like activities , which can not only provide H2O2
in situ and decompose H2O2 into ·OH, but also eliminate GSH to protect ·OH, which can promote catalytic activities of Zr/Ce-MOFs/GOx/PDA. Besides, the Zr/Ce-MOFs/GOx/PDA with photothermal performance can further promote the catalytic activities, and the photothermal efficiency of Zr/Ce-MOFs/GOx/PDA nanozyme were 26.2%. The potential anti-tumor effect of Zr/Ce-MOFs/GOx/PDA was proved by in vitro 4T1 and in vivo 4T1-tumor-bearing mice models. It is believed that the photothermal-boosted multifunctional nanozyme-based tumor treatment strategy is a prospective method to improve therapy of tumor.
An electro-optic (EO) pulsed electric field sensor powered by photovoltaic cell
Authors: Zhang Jiahong , Ma Chao , Wang Zhuo
Published: December 2023

Considering the limitations of battery-powered active EO modulated electric field sensors, a photovoltaic cell-powered electric field sensor is designed, fabricated and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor is consisting of a laser photovoltaic cell-powered supply circuit, a receiving modulation circuit, and an induction antenna. The laser photovoltaic cell power supply circuit which composed of a power supply laser, a photovoltaic cell, and a DC-DC conversion circuit is designed and fabricated. Experimental results show that the photovoltaic cell power supply circuit can output stable voltages of 5 V and 1.2 V for the receiving modulation circuit. A lightning impulse (LEMP) measurement system is set up and used to test the characteristics of the electric field sensor in the time domain. The experimental results show that the sensor detected pulsed electric field shows good consistency with the applied LEMP in the time domain and the dynamic range of the sensor is from 0.86 kV m−1 to 10.7 kV m−1.
Detection of quantum steering for the generalized Werner states via artificial neural networks
Authors: Pan Guo-Zhu , Zou Shu-Ting , Yang Ming , Zhou Jian , Zhang Gang
Published: December 2023

Quantum steering is an important nonlocal resource and has a wide range of applications in quantum information processing. Although a lot of steering criteria have been proposed, it is still very difficult to efficiently detect quantum steering in experiment. Here we employ machine learning techniques to tackle the problem of quantum steering detection in two-qubit system. The quantum steering and un-steering inequalities are combined together, so as to construct quantum steering classifiers for the generalized Werner states via artificial neural networks. More steerable and unsteerable quantum states can be identified by the classifiers proposed here than by the quantum steering inequality or un-steering inequality, which provides a new way to detect steering with only partial information of the given quantum states. We consider two types of artificial neural networks, one is the single-layer perceptron and the other is the multi-layer perceptron. The result shows that the multi-layer perceptron outperforms the single-layer perceptron in terms of accuracy. Compared with the existing quantum steering criteria, our methods do not require the whole information of the quantum state, and the steering of it is detected by using state-independent measurements, so it is easy to realize in experiment.
Investigation on the limits of type 1 diabetes therapy automation using insulin pumps
Authors: Nowicki T , Piekarski R
Published: December 2023

Type 1 diabetes is an incurable chronic disease that usually has its onset in childhood. The disease means that the patient’s body irreversibly loses its ability to produce the insulin hormone. Since the lack of insulin in the organism always leads to death, the therapy primarily consists in supplying the hormone from the outside inright doses and in the right time. Administration errors can result in poor mood, health complications or even death. The introduction of insulin pumps for common use as basic devices for insulin delivery has significantly improved the quality of the therapy, and what follows, the physical and mental comfort of patients. It is still easy to get an opinion that these devices completely automate the therapy process, but this is not true. The aim of this research was to determine the possible level of the automation of the type 1 diabetes therapy solely based on an insulin pump. First, the principle of operation of typical modern insulin pumps was described. This became the basis for the development of a special biocybernetic model of a patient with diabetes. Then, the model was used in numerous computer simulations whose output was confronted with historical data obtained from real patients. The research confirms that the use of a typical modern insulin pump alone does not fully automate the therapy of type 1 diabetes. Nevertheless, possible methods could be identified to achieve a higher quality of treatment and to find opportunities for additional automation. These methods can be considered as an alternative to the socalled artificial pancreas.
Methodology and Realization of Indoor Pass-by Noise measurement for passenger cars
Authors: Gaszner Zsolt , Vehovszky Balázs
Published: December 2023

Nowadays the protection of human life is extremely important, and for this purpose the vehicles must go through a homologation process before the introduction to market. If we look at the acoustical requirements, one of the most important test procedures is the Pass-by Noise (PBN) measurement, which defines the noise emission limit value, when the observer stands beside the vehicle passing him by. There are two versions: Exterior (or Outdoor) and Indoor (or In-room) Pass-by Noise (IPBN) measurement. Former is presently the only accepted method for homologation; however, environmental and weather conditions could strongly influence its feasibility. For this reason, IPBN got into focus, with better suitability for development purposes and the prospect, that it will be accepted later for the homologation process too. This paper focuses on the IPBN method: gives an overview on the setup and presents the details of a realized test-measurement campaign. Beside the 2 most important points: the measuring room and the position of the sensors, the measurement devices, vehicle location and connection to measurement system, the measuring program and the whole process are presented together with some preliminary results related to different characteristics of the vehicle.
The effect of the preload determination process on dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Schweighardt A , Vehovszky B , Feszty D
Published: December 2023

NVH simulation and experimental methods are getting more and more important because of the increased customer needs for reliability and comfort. In order to obtain appropriate NVH simulation results accurate material properties have to be provided as input parameters. In case of the dynamic mechanical property determination of acoustic viscoelastic foams the results may vary greatly depending on the measurement settings and the quality of the measurement. This study evaluates the effect of the preload determination process on dynamic mechanical properties and the repeatability of the dynamic compression tests. Finally, conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made for the settings.
Efficient NVH Analysis of Electric Motors by Means of 2D Spectral Decomposition of Airgap Forces
Authors: Gungl Szilard , Kimpian Tibor
Published: December 2023

The growing popularity of hybrid and electric vehicles has created a need for quieter electric motors. This has led to a focus on designing electric machines with reduced audible noise. Estimating the emitted noise requires complex calculations, but analyzing electromagnetic forces alone can provide valuable insights. Electric motors’ simple cylindrical structure allows for decoupling excitation forces and mode shapes, which are closely related. By representing the internal forces in a complex-valued matrix and calculating its 2D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), we can obtain a comprehensive 2D spectrum that reveals temporal and spatial frequencies. The method enables individual analysis of unique harmonic components. This paper discusses the mathematical representation of forces, their spectra, and the relationship between force harmonics and mode shapes. Industrial examples of electric power-assisted steering systems demonstrate the practical application of this approach.
A measurement method for the estimation of the absorption characteristics of finite-sized porous absorbers
Authors: Firtha Gergely , Fiala Péter
Published: December 2023

The estimation of sound fields generated inside enclosures has gained increasing interest in the recent years, both for acoustic design purposes and virtual reality applications. Numerical simulation methods require detailed information on the impedance/absorption characteristics of the enclosing surfaces. The currently available measurement methods are only capable of obtaning the point-like impedance of locally reacting surfaces. We present a new measurement technique to characterize extended reacting absorbing surfaces. The measurement is done by scanning the surface with a PU-probe, and the asborption characteristics are obtained by a Helmholtz-integral based postprocessing step.
An Examination of Component-Based TPA Performance and Feasibility for Steering Motors
Authors: Balogh Cs. L. , Kimpián T. , Ungvári T.
Published: December 2023

The swift progression in the automotive sector has spurred the demand for electric power-assisted steering systems, heralding a transformation towards a more effortless, fluid, and pleasurable driving experience. However, the inherent generation of substantial noise levels within the vehicle’s cabin during the operation of these systems, can compromise the comfort of occupants, underscoring the criticality of acoustics analysis in the advancement of auxiliary systems. As long-established tools for Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) diagnostics, Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) techniques are central to studying noise propagation within vehicles. Component-based TPA, with its strength in identifying interface forces in mechanical structures, has gained a foothold in the industry due to its numerous advantages. We aim to shed light on the individual acoustic properties of the electric motor, thereby gaining a more nuanced understanding of the system’s behavior. We first lay out a brief theoretical background on relevant TPA methods, followed by the presentation of our findings from experimental studies. This paper continues our commitment to advancing the precision and practical use of TPA methodologies in automotive system analysis.
Methods to describe acoustic qualities of vehicles in stationary position
Authors: Fürjes Andor T
Published: December 2023

Datasheets or brochures of cars or trims generally do not contain any relevant acoustic data. This is odd, because acoustic qualities of cars are getting more important for customers. From engineering point of view, this is even stranger, because a lot of engineers are working hard to understand, control and shape acoustic qualities of cars during product development. After a disappointing purchase, the author decided to explore how acoustic qualities of cars can be measured and compared by simple means. NVH in most cases cares about qualities of cars in motion, but many acoustically relevant features can be looked at in stationary position. The paper presents the motive, suggested methods of measurements and evaluation with suggested practice in the future. Measured attributes include sound isolation of the cabin, noise level of the ventilation system, cabin intimacy and response of the audio system.
Worldwide trends on hydroxyapatite from animal waste for biomedical applications – a bibliometric analysis (2012-2022)
Authors: Hussin M S F , Idris M I , Abdullah H Z , Azlan K A , Mohamad E
Published: December 2023

Hydroxyapatite plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of biomedical applications in recent years. Publication related to hydroxyapatite as filler for biopolymers has increasing trend with the expanding research output. Based on Scopus database, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to characterize the body of knowledge on hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications between 2012 and 2022. Bibliometric methods and knowledge visualization technologies were implemented to investigate the publication diversion. Analysis using bibliometric analysis found that 2,023 papers were determined with the keyword “hydroxyapatite” and “biomedical applications” between 2012 and 2022. The number of publications that relates to them has increased almost three-fold between 2012(99) to 2022(289). India, China, Malaysia, and the United States are the most productive countries, while Periyar University and University Politehnica of Bucharest are the most important institutions related to hydroxyapatite and biomedical applications. Ceramics International is the most productive journal followed by Materials Science & Engineering C. Bibliometric analysis would be a great assistant in giving scientific insight to support desired future research works, not only associated with biomedical applications.
Markov chain analysis to predict natural disasters in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands as part of preventative measures to prevent environmental damage
Authors: Dalimunthe D Y , Fahria I , Wahyuni D
Published: December 2023

Bangka Belitung Islands Province is a province which is famous for its beauty and natural wealth. In addition to its natural beauty and wealth, this province has disaster-prone areas. Based on the results of the 2021 Indonesian Disaster Risk Index (IRBI) measurement, the Bangka Belitung Islands Province has the second highest risk class in Indonesia with a value of 160.98. Therefore, a study is needed that aims to determine the prediction of natural disasters in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province as a preventive measure to prevent environmental damage. The analytical method used in this research is the Markov Chain method. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the official website of the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) from 2017 to 2022 with several types of disasters, including floods, landslides, tornadoes, forest and land fires, and natural disasters others (missing persons, house fires, drowning persons, etc.). Based on the results of calculations using the Markov Chain concept, it can be concluded that the possibility of flooding in 2023 is 31.46%, landslides are 7.73%, tornadoes are 43.81%, forest and land fires are 14.32%, and other disasters of 2.69% with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.356 and a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.17.
Variation Of Air Speed On Energy-Saving Stoves With Waste Coconut Oil Frying Getas
Authors: Setiawan Yudi , Saparin  , Ariksa Jeri , Zamziri  , Wijianti E S
Published: December 2023

Waste coconut oil (WCO) from brittle draining can be used as fuel for multifuel stoves and can be used to boil water. Combustion air velocity is one of the factors that affect the combustion process. Air velocity in a multi-fuel stove with WCO fuel greatly affects the character of the fire produced. The research was conducted with the aim of obtaining the character of the fire and the temperature of the water boiling process at variations in air speed and the length of the WCO combustion flame. This research process was carried out with a multifeul stove by measuring the temperature and boiling time of 0.5 liters of water using variations in air velocity of 10 m / s, 12 m / s and 14 m / s by using 20 ml of WCO for each test. The results at a speed of 14 m / s tejadi the highest flame this occurs high air flow velocity causes a faster temperature rise. The greater the air supplied will accelerate the oxidation process, so that the fuel decomposition process will be faster.
One decade of temperature change at the North Pole and South Pole using ANN backpropagation algorithm
Authors: Syaharuddin  , Yasmin Yuli , Ibrahim Malik
Published: December 2023

Global warming is an event in which the average temperature of the atmosphere, ocean and land rises. Changes in atmospheric temperature cause changes in the physical conditions of the atmosphere to become unstable, causing anomalies in weather parameters that cause climate change. In the last decade there have been temperature changes in the North Pole (Greenland) and the South Pole (Antarctica). The impacts caused by temperature changes are melting ice sheets, rising sea levels, extinction of species in large numbers, people living on the coast are threatened by tidal floods, while small islands can sink. To anticipate temperature changes, a model is needed that can forecast air or temperature conditions using Artificial Neural Network with Backpropagation method using Matlab software media. Data obtained from Data Access Viewer of NASA. After training and testing the data, the average value of the prediction results for the south polar region (Antarctica) is -47.910C with a Mean Square Error (MSE) value of 0.0015. Meanwhile, for the North Pole region (Greenland), the average value of the prediction results is -22.410C with an MSE value of 0.0069. By looking at the average value of the prediction results, it can be concluded that the temperature change for the South Pole region (Antarctica) is higher than the temperature change for the North Pole region (Greenland).
Comparison of coastal wind speed in Southeast Asian Countries using ANN backpropagation algorithm
Authors: Syaharuddin  , Muharani D R , Ibrahim M , Mandailina V
Published: December 2023

This study aims to analyze the neural network backpropagation (ANN-BP) algorithm in seeing the development and comparison of wind speed. We estimated the wind speed of coastal areas with a case study of five countries in Southeast Asia. We used data for the last 10 years in the form of monthly data. The ANN-BP architecture uses input layers, three hidden layers, and one output layer with 12-25-10-1 architecture. From the simulation results in the training stage, we obtained information that the data model that is closest or follows the wind speed pattern with the smallest MSE value is the coastal area in Thailand with an MSE value of 0.00012 in the training stage and 0.00011 in the testing stage. Then, we also obtained that the average prediction of wind speed on the coast of Brunei Darusslam obtained the smallest value compared to other countries.
A new insight on relative permeability modifier as conformance control in carbonate reservoir
Authors: Raya S A , Saaid I M
Published: December 2023

The primary issue of high-water cuts in exploiting carbonate fields poses significant challenges and requires an immediate solution. The approach to tackle the root cause of this problem is reservoir conformance control. Conventional conformance control treatments, such as polymer-based materials, are ineffective and incompatible with the unique properties of carbonate reservoirs. Textural heterogeneity in carbonate leads to heterogeneity in the distribution of storage and flow properties that may govern changes in saturation patterns. The percolation of gas-water flow in carbonate highly depends on the pore structure. Conformance control refers to managing fluid movement within a reservoir to optimize production and reduce unwanted fluid production. The major challenge of water conformance control for carbonates using chemical treatment is the compatibility of the polymer system with the rock and fluid settings. This paper reviews current research on conformance control methods, including chemical and mechanical techniques. The effectiveness of various conformance control methods was evaluated based on their ability to improve sweep efficiency, reduce water production, and increase hydrocarbon recovery in different reservoir types. The review also discusses the challenges of implementing conformance control techniques, such as formation damage and fluid mobility issues. Overall, the paper concludes that successful implementation of conformance control strategies requires a thorough understanding of reservoir characteristics and planning to ensure optimal results. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into developing effective conformance control techniques that can improve hydrocarbon recovery and optimize reservoir performance. The results of this study provide critical insight into using efficient and operationally low-risk materials to reduce water cuts in the strong water drive carbonate reservoir.
A system dynamic perspective in efforts to improve the income of independent palm oil farmers in Regency X through changing roles in the palm oil supply chain
Authors: Soehadi G , Suripto  , Alkadri  , Maninggar N , Erliza A , Maulidya D
Published: December 2023

At present, independent palm oil (PO) farmers are expected to change their roles in the palm oil supply chain, not only being producers and sellers of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) but also able to generate added value by processing FFB into CPO for renewable energy resources. This research aims to improve the income of farmers based on changing roles through strategies using system dynamic modeling. The impacts observed are the number of labors based on a proxy of government revenue and GDP, labor income, and benefits obtained. Scenarios to improve the income of farmers projected over the next 10 years are selling FFB to Farmer’s Cooperatives that own palm oil mill(s) and other palm oil mill(s). Each scenario has 3 sub-scenarios: Business as Usual, Optimist and Environment. With the addition of new plantations of 5.7-7% per year, CPO yields of 20%, and using the palm oil mill of 30 tons/hour owned by Farmers Cooperative, the income of farmers can be improved. Recommendations to attract more farmers to become members of Farmer’s Cooperatives include funding for implementing Good Agricultural Practices, buying FFB from Cooperative members at transparent prices based on mutual agreements, and providing assistant workers for farmers.
Utilization of andesite stone waste and fly ash as geopolymer pavement block materials
Authors: Nugroho T , Salsabila M A , Wardani M L D , Otivriyanti G
Published: December 2023

Utilization of andesite stone and fly ash waste to be used as pavement block products has been carried out. The aim of this research is to utilize the residual waste of andesite stone and fly ash handicraft production as environmental building material products. The stages of this research included experimental design, material analysis using the XRF and XRD methods, testing prototypes and making pavement block prototypes. The experimental design used for the most optimal pavement block composition was the ratio of aggregate to binder of 65:35 with 14M NaOH. The water absorption test for pavement blocks with a composition of 65:35 14M is included in class A quality for a curing time of 28 days (SNI 03-0691-1996) while the converted compressive strength value is included in the quality between A and B for a curing time of 28 days. Pavement block prototypes printed in the form of square pavement 20x20x8 cm or rectangle 22x11x6 cm require 1 hour of mixing time to finish printing. The results on manual prints are 4 square pavement and 4 rectangular pavement with 36 kilograms of material.
The PROPER program evaluation to support the development of a national life cycle inventory database: recommendations
Authors: Yanuar A I , Nadirah  , Rustianto B , Bahua H , Murti Z , Herdioso R , Kurniawati I Z , Wardani M L D , Ariyani N R , Sani A W , Febriansyah H , Ramdhani T I
Published: December 2023

The quality and quantity of unit process datasets in the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) database directly affect the reliability and accuracy of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study results where the data is used. Research has shown that data inventory management takes up 70-80% of LCA work. Using available datasets can improve efficiency in carrying out inventory. However, the availability of datasets for the Indonesia region still needs to be improved. Since 2021, the government has issued the revision of regulations related to corporate environmental performance known as PROPER. This research aims to recommend which industrial sectors should be prioritized for a national LCI database development based on an analysis of PROPER 2022 ratings, which company submitted LCA reports. This research concludes that the priority for developing the national LCI database is the oil and gas, electricity, mining, chemical, cement, food & beverages, and plantation sectors. This adds a new perspective to the development of the national database as it allows available resources through the implementation of the PROPER program.
Assessment of Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) Systems as an Alternative Electricity Generation Source: A Case Study from Sudan
Authors: Kassem Y , Çamur H , Abdalla MA H A
Published: December 2023

The deployment of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems has gained global attention due to technological advancements and cost reductions. Floating PV (FPV) is becoming a preferred alternative, offering efficiency and environmental benefits. It can be installed on dams lakes and reservoirs, generating clean energy without competing for land use. Despite the promising prospects of floating PV, there has been a lack of analysis on its implementation in Sudan. To fill this gap, the present study delves into the feasibility and potentiality of FPV at Merowe Dam and Khashm El Girba Dam in Sudan, providing crucial insights for the first time. The developed systems were evaluated using PVsyst. The results show that investing in FPV systems on dam reservoirs significantly improves power system reliability while generating additional clean energy, meeting the rising demand, and reducing carbon emissions. This highlights the potential of FPV systems as a promising solution for sustainable energy growth, mitigating environmental concerns, and ensuring a greener future.
Post-occupancy evaluation of thermal comfort at studio classroom in hot and humid climate
Authors: Smitha K D , Khairunnisa G , Rahmasari K , Dewi O C
Published: December 2023

Thermal comfort is crucial in providing a productive learning environment, especially in the design studio classroom with a longer lecture duration (09.00-15.00). This study aims to investigate the thermal performance ability to provide thermal comfort for its users in a design studio classroom at Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Ninety-one students (20% Male, 80% Woman) aged 19-22 years old were surveyed about their thermal perspective by using TSV, TP, HSV, HP, metabolic rate (MET), and clothing insulation (clo). Field measurement recorded humidity and temperature conditions over two lecture periods. The indoor operative temperature for periods A and B was 27.28°C and 26.78°C, respectively, with TSV values in both periods within the comfort temperature range (mean: (A) -0.30, (B) -0.58). However, TP values suggest that the users prefer a slightly cooler condition with values of -1.53 and -1.12, respectively, for Periods A and B. The results show that studio classrooms can perform thermally well even though some users prefer slightly cooler temperatures. This study scored the necessity of understanding both subjective and objective aspects of thermal comfort to create an optimal learning environment. Findings suggest that further study should consider variations in individual preferences and the influence of external environmental factors.
Policy analysis of electric vehicle infrastructure supporting sustainable energy use
Authors: Wiratmoko A , Apriyanto H , Tamtomo T D , Alkadri  , Suripto  , Soewargono B D , Dwiananto Y I , Suhendra A
Published: December 2023

The Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia 55 of 2019 concerning the Acceleration of the Battery-Based Electric Vehicle (EV) Program for transportation aims to provide direction, foundation, and legal certainty in the implementation of the acceleration of the battery-based electric motor vehicle program in Indonesia, one of which is the strategy of providing electric charging infrastructure. This policy had not fully significant impact on the provision of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, wherein 2021, the provision of EV charging facilities has reached approximately only 74 charging facilities, spread across 188 locations; this condition is still far from the target set by the government, expected about 168 charging facilities units in 2021-2031. The research evaluates existing policies as a reference for preparing policy recommendations to accelerate the provision of EV charging infrastructure. Research has shown that the adoption of electric vehicles is constrained, one of which is the need for more charging station availability of charging stations and their distribution. The government needs to provide incentives for domestic manufacturers of charging stations and battery swapping stations and instruct state-owned enterprises to accelerate the adoption of electric to provide charging station infrastructure.
Green energy powered autonomous IoT catfish feeder prototype based on Arduino Mega and ESP-8266
Authors: Saipul  , Puriza M Y , Asmar  , Rachmani A A , Satria H , Anzari Y , Yandi W
Published: December 2023

Catfish is a freshwater fish commodity which is easy to cultivate but has cannibalistic nature. There are 3 phases of catfish cultivation: fingerling, rearing, and fattening. The fattening phase is a stage of nursery to produce catfish according its size to be consumed. During this stage, it’s vital to regularly feed the fish at morning (7 am), noon (1 pm), and evening (5 pm) and monitor water quality so catfish farmers are helped. This tool implements Arduino Mega, ESP-8266, 20 WP solar panel, 755 80W DC motor, servo motor, ultrasonic sensor, fish food container, and DS3231 RTC. This research has 3 scenarios: scenario 1: food given sparingly twice/day, scenario 2: the IoT fish feeder automatically supply food thrice/day at morning (7 am), noon (1 pm), and evening (5 pm). scenario 3: food provided extravagantly twice/day. This research resulted an autonomous IoT fish feeder It is proven that scenario 2 has satisfactory results, fish growth is better 33.3% when compared to scenario 1 and is relatively the same as fish growth in scenario 3. Meanwhile, the amount of food spent is 25% from scenario 3. The level of turbidity is also better at 37.5% compared to scenario 3.