bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Losing a Friend
Authors: Wandel Tamara L.
Published: August 2020

This chapter focuses on the role of social media consumption on older children and adolescents during the bereavement process of a childhood friend. Using case study methodology surrounding an 11-year-old girl's tragic death, surveys were administered to peers and semi-structured interviews with peers, counselors, and the deceased's mother were conducted in order to collect in-depth information on the opinions and feelings of those utilizing social media as they cope with loss, specifically the loss of a friend. The idea of virtual mourning is significant to explore as social media is ubiquitous for most older children and adolescents.
Emotion Analysis for Opinion Mining From Text
Authors: Mohsen Amr Mansour , Idrees Amira M. , Hassan Hesham Ahmed
Published: August 2020

In the past few years, web documents, blogs, and reviews have played an important role in many fields as organizations always aim to find consumer or public opinions about their products and services. On the other hand, individual consumers also seek the opinions or emotions of existing users of a certain product before purchasing it. This method is currently one of the most vital methods for adapting the organizations' plans. In this article, the authors provide a survey for different techniques and approaches for emotion analysis from the text. They also demonstrate the techniques and the methods that have been proposed by different researchers with criticizing many of these methods according to the applied approach and the accuracy level.
Pre-Marital Counselling and Sustainability of Marriages in Contemporary Ghanaian Society
Authors: Cobbinah Joseph Ezale , Osei-Tutu Ellen Mabel
Published: August 2020

Marriages in Ghana are usually preceded by counseling. It is believed that premarital counseling helps to sustain marriages because it gives couples the initial skills needed to enable them to start their marriage and solve minor problems that may be encountered in the relationship. This study was aimed at assessing the significance of premarital counseling to the sustenance of marriage. The study adopted a mixed methodological approach in gathering the data. Data was gathered from 112 individuals from three different suburbs of the capital city of Ghana. The results showed that although pre-marital counseling was observed to be important for would-be couples, it does not help sustain all marriages. Married couples that were given pre-marital counseling were getting separated as well as those who never had pre-marital counseling. It is therefore recommended that although premarital counseling may be necessary, it is not sufficient to sustain marriages. Therefore, counseling should continue even after marriage.
Sensory Impairments and Challenges in Ageing
Authors: R. Ashwini , Prasad Barre Vijaya
Published: August 2020

This chapter describes how sensory impairment is often regarded from a medical/disability point of view and its effects on mental health can be poorly recognized. Communication is a key issue for deaf and deaf-blind people and difficulties here underlie developmental, psychological and emotional problems and delay or prevent appropriate assessment and treatment. Sensory related issues are seen as medical problems and as disabilities. 95% of the information about the world around us comes from our sight and hearing. However, the main concerns of visual and hearing affected by the total or partial absence of sight and/or hearing are usually how to live, how to learn and how to communicate. Their difficulties are often as much to do with society's attitudes towards them as with the direct effect of sensory impairment.
Making the Unbearable Bearable through Existential Spirituality
Authors: Webster R. Scott
Published: August 2020

In this chapter the case is made that spirituality can indeed have a significant impact upon practical life. Existential spirituality refers to the way one gives meaning and purpose to one's life. The value of spirituality is best appreciated when one's life undergoes an existential crisis, particularly when a worldview, which was assumed to give sense to one's life, no longer has the legitimacy it once had. When a religious, traditional or customary doctrine or worldview loses its authority through an existential crisis, the individual often experiences nihilism. This can often make an experience of hardship quite unbearable because one's suffering is unable to reference any grand narrative or framework of meaning to give sense to one's situation. Using Kierkegaard's three stages of existence, it is argued that making one's spirituality more authentic by taking personal responsibility on an individual level, might be able to make unbearable experiences more bearable.
Prison Education in Nigeria
Authors: Adekanmbi Gbolagade , Ezikpe Ukoha
Published: August 2020

This chapter explores prison education in Nigeria and examines its history, programs, methods, and challenges. It makes the point that prison services and education are not alien to the Nigerian and African settings. However, whereas traditional African prison education emphasizes restorative justice and learning, modern prison services tend to amplify punishment. While rehabilitation is one goal of incarceration, an all-inclusive prison education in Nigeria is still at a nascent stage. The chapter suggests ways of improving current practices and consolidating gains through specific interventions and researches.
Attitude towards People with Intellectual Disabilities (PWID)
Authors: Hazarika Mythili , Choudhury Sandamita
Published: August 2020

History on PWID indicates influence of various psycho-social, biological, religious and educational factors for the existence of stereotypical attitudes towards PWID. Across the world until the mid-80's they were a marginalized group of people who were discriminated from others' who considered themselves as “normal”. But since the early part of the 21st century significant efforts have been reported across countries in integrating and mainstreaming the PWID in the community at large. To attain this challenging milestone attitude plays a very significant role. Families of PWID undergo high levels of stress and emotional reactions resulting from daily care demands, emotional distress, interpersonal difficulties (family discord), financial hardships as well as social isolation which call for intervention not just for the intellectually disabled but also with the family members. Positive attitude among the health and all professionals with humane qualities such as empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard towards the PWID leads to positive expectation and better outcome. Interestingly in developing countries stereotypes are based on ignorance and families find it extremely difficult to disclose the presence of Intellectual Disability (ID) as it is considered to be a ‘loss of face'' and is believed to tarnish the family reputation. Hence, families often adopt strategies to hide the existence of a disability, which in turn delays the treatment, and rehabilitation of PWID. Along with parents and family members other stakeholders like siblings and relatives, teachers, educationists, health professionals and general public's attitudes towards them are highly influential factors for their rehabilitation and integration in the mainstream community. Hence, this chapter is an attempt to focus on the importance of attitude that determines the course towards acceptance of PWID. The authors' focus is on the various perceptions towards intellectual disability and the implications of the favorable and unfavorable attitudes towards PWID since the Egyptian era in developed and developing nations. Further, the recommendations provided are for the policymakers and stakeholders to design intervention programs to alter people's attitude towards acceptance and compassion towards PWID. This is believed to help in their rehabilitation, and integration into the society at all levels and thereby reduces the prejudice and discrimination towards them.
An Examination of Selfish and Selfless Motives
Authors: Carrasco Gabriela , Kinnamon Eric
Published: August 2020

Current behavioral economics/game theory and social psychology literature have been captivated by the idea of altruism and egoism. In large part, these two disciplines have tried to determine the foundation of selfish and selfless behavior, without much result. The current chapter examines the root issues associated with this inquiry and argues for a shift in attention towards factors associated with cooperation. As such, empirical research from both disciplines is presented to show the advancements in relation to identification of these factors. Additionally, the authors offer a possible solution to the fractured literature in an effort to merge findings from both disciplines in an attempt progress this line of research.
An Automatic Generation of Domain Ontologies Based on an MDA Approach to Support Big Data Analytics
Authors: Laaz Naziha , Wakil Karzan , Gotti Sara , Gotti Zineb , Mbarki Samir
Published: August 2020

This chapter proposes a new methodology for the automatic generation of domain ontologies to support big data analytics. This method ensures the recommendations of the MDA approach by transforming UML class diagrams to domain ontologies in PSM level through ODM, which is an OMG standard for ontology modeling. In this work, the authors have focused on the model-driven architecture approach as the best solution for representing and generating ontology artifacts in an intuitive way using the UML graphical syntax. The creation of domain ontologies will form the basis for application developers to target business professional context; however, the future of big data will depend on the use of technologies to model ontologies. With that said, this work supports the combination of ontologies and big data approaches as the most efficient way to store, extract, and analyze data. It is shown using the theoretical approach and concrete results obtained after applying the proposed process to an e-learning domain ontology.
The Contribution of MDA in Software-Defined Network
Authors: Hammoud Adra , Lahmer Mohamed , Mbarki Samir , Sifou Fatima
Published: August 2020

Software-defined networking is changing the way we design and manage networks. This prominent paradigm based on the separation of control and management plane is highly heterogeneous with different devices from various technologies and leads to an incredible growing of materials. As SDN expands in size of devices and complexity, it faces greater administrative and management challenges. The paradigm of MDA was introduced using NETCONF/YANG as a way to model in order to deal with these management challenges and soften the development of SDN applications. The researchers joined the MDA and its related concepts as model-driven engineering to SDN to implement a platform called model-driven networking increasing the level of abstraction on development. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of the research relating to MDN paradigm. It starts by introducing the basic concepts of SDN. Next, it presents the concepts related to MDA, and the YANG which is a modeling language. Last, it highlights the studies introducing the MDN paradigm and its benefits in SDN applications.
Extending the Knowledge Discovery Metamodel to Support Tasks and Presentation Behaviors of Design Knowledge
Authors: Gotti Zineb , Mbarki Samir , Gotti Sara , Laaz Naziha
Published: August 2020

Currently, the main objective of all programmers and designers is to render interactive systems usable and effective. So, users can complete their tasks and achieve their goals. To ensure that, programmers and designers require good understanding of system characteristics and functionality. This work focused on an approach to automate the process of extracting the system information. The approach is based on the ADM initiative as the best solution for system's evolution. The OMG ADM Task Force defines a set of standards to facilitate that, like Knowledge Discovery Metamodel, captures design knowledge needed for the construction of future user interfaces. Actually, KDM allows abstract structural and semantical aspect representation. However, no support exists for expressing behavior of system content, interaction, user control, and activities of the front-end applications. The authors hope to alleviate this lack by extending KDM model to fulfill the needs of complete abstract model construction.
SERIES
Authors: Gupta Chetna , Chandani Priyanka
Published: August 2020

Requirement defects are one of the major sources of failure in any software development process, and the main objective of this chapter is to make requirement analysis phase exhaustive by estimating risk at requirement level by analyzing requirement defect and requirement inter-relationships as early as possible to using domain modeling to inhibit them from being incorporated in design and implementation. To achieve this objective, this chapter proposes a tool to assist software developers in assessing risk at requirement level. The proposed tool, software risk estimator, SERIES in short, helps in early identification of potential risk where preventive actions can be undertaken to mitigate risk and corrective actions to avoid project failure in collaborative manner. The entire process has been supported by a software case study. The results of the proposed work are promising and will help software engineers in ensuring that all business requirements are captured correctly with clear vision and scope.
Technology-Enabled Education
Authors: jatwani Poonam , Tomar Pradeep , Dhingra Vandana
Published: August 2020

The Government of India has especially focused on artificial intelligence and machine learning-based courses in the higher education system as they have realized that the strength of India lies in higher education. Keeping in view the importance of technology in bringing a paradigm shift in the education sector, the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is putting continuous efforts to give a push to digitize higher education. In this chapter, the authors have studied various initiatives taken by the Indian government to promote digital education in higher education by imparting artificial intelligence. By developing techniques and algorithms using AI, one can impart basic cognitive skills of teachers to computers; by this, one can delegate some teaching to machines and thus improve educational outcomes. Online digital learning will play an important role in transforming Ancient India into Digital India.
Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education and Learning
Authors: Diwaker Chander , Sharma Atul , Tomar Pradeep
Published: August 2020

Artificial intelligence is an emerging technology that is popular in education technology. AI plays a vital role to e-teaching and e-learning in higher education. In this chapter, a major focus is on exploring the wonders of the development of AI in higher education for teaching and learning processes. It analyses the educational ramifications of rising innovations in transit student learning and how organizations instruct and develop. Late inventive degrees of progress and the accelerating new headway in cutting edge training are researched to predict the future thought of cutting-edge instruction in all actuality. The role of AI in higher education is presented in detail by systematic review.
Teaching and Learning With Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shen Libi , Chen Irene , Grey Anne , Su Anchi
Published: August 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) is developing at a fast speed and has incessantly impacted the modern world for decades. AI technologies are beneficial for all kinds of industries, including businesses, economics, transportation, hospitals, schools, universities, and so forth. Many researchers have investigated the development of artificial intelligence in education (AIEd), specifically on how AI assists teaching, learning, assessment, references, and collaboration. Several questions arise. What impact do AI technologies have on education? How do AI technologies assist teaching (e.g., curriculum, assessment, student learning, and teaching practices)? How do teachers cope with AI Technologies in education? What are the ethical concerns of AI technologies? What are the barriers of AI-based learning in education? The purpose of this chapter is to explore the evolution and the challenges of AI technologies in education. Major research on AI from 1999 to 2019 will be reviewed. Problems with AI in education will be raised and solutions for solving the issues will be recommended.
Second Generation Reforms
Authors: Kar Mikail
Published: August 2020

Economic reforms include comprehensive and radical changes in the functioning of the economic system and its main rules. There is no clear and generally accepted classification of economic reforms in the literature. In this study, economic reforms are analyzed by classifying them as first-generation reforms and second-generation reforms. First-generation reforms are made in macroeconomics for the purposes of eliminating macroeconomic imbalances, ensuring stability, controlling inflation, ensuring fiscal and monetary discipline, reducing public debt. Second-generation reforms are microeconomic reforms, which include strengthening the infrastructure of the market economy, increasing efficiency, enhancing the competitive power, and strengthening the institutional infrastructure that creates competitive markets. The aim of this study is to examine the theoretical framework of first-generation and second-generation reforms in line with macroeconomic and microeconomic expectations and to explain and discuss the main areas of second-generation reforms.
Robots and Economics
Authors: Višić Josipa
Published: August 2020

Robotization will eventually transform the nature of doing business and economics in general. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to provide a broader perspective on economic repercussions of robotization covering both microeconomic and macroeconomic aspects as well as other closely related sociological aspects. This broad perspective is needed for researchers, policy makers, as well as managers while contemplating changes as stirring as robotization. Further, the chapter deals with the issue of education of future economists in the context of robotization. In that sense, it emphasizes the need to make future economists more flexible, observant, and consequently, more efficient, regardless of their position on labor market. In that sense, the chapter serves as an alarm since existent (economic) lag between countries may become even bigger if it is not addresses in a timely manner.
Attempting an Assessment of the MoUs' Role in Confronting the Greek Crisis
Authors: Arachovas Charalampos K. , Manioudis Manolis M.
Published: August 2020

This chapter wishes to analyze the full impact of the three (3) Memoranda of Understanding signed between the Greek corresponding governments and the European Commission, ECB, and IMF representations. The first Memorandum was considered as necessary due to Greece's inability to access international financial capital, while the other two (2), which followed, tried to correct “implementation errors,” control for “ownership” of the programs, and confront the prolonged and severe economic crisis and unemployment derailment. This chapter will present a series of key macroeconomic and microeconomic figures and will argue that despite the fiscal consolidation, which came at an extremely high social and economic cost, Greek economy still has a lot challenges to tackle and serious impediments to overcome. It will also shed some new light on whether Memoranda actually helped Greece to recover or used a whole country as a “guinea pig” and as an example of compliance, allowing the final reader to decide.
Looks on Faces
Authors: Junior Mauricio da Silva Oliveira , Tavares Mirian N. , Lacerda Juciano de Sousa , Tinoco Glícia M. Azevedo de M.
Published: August 2020

The case here presented brings a work created to raise awareness about sexually transmitted infections and how they can be close to our reality. Advertising campaigns to combat sexual infections converge in prevention before any path to cure or treatment. One of the most efficient and inexpensive methods for such protection is the use of condoms, and in studies of advertising campaigns carried out around the world, it is noticed that there is an incentive to use this prevention method, but there is no supply of the item. This is an issue the work presented intended to solve. The work used augmented reality resources on a printed panel with historical and artistic content, a time-based code management system and an automated device to complete the interaction with the viewer, all managed by the artifact itself, without the need for human support. This work was initially part of the 7th Doctoral Retreat in Digital Media-Art at Universidade Aberta de Portugal (UAb-PT) and Universidade do Algarve (Ualg) and is part of the doctoral thesis of the researcher and author of this study.
ASIC Implementation of Linear Equalizer Using Adaptive FIR Filter
Authors: Grande Naga Jyothi  , Gorantla Anusha , Kudithi Thirumalesu
Published: August 2020

Power consumption plays a crucial role in the design of portable wireless communication devices, as it has a direct influence on the battery weight and volume required for operation. This article presents a novel design for a linear LMS equalizer for the optimization of filter order. The article describes the use of a variable length algorithm for dynamically updating the tap-length of the LMS adaptive filter to optimize the performance and for reducing the power in the adaptive filter core. An algorithm is applied to reduce and adjust the order of the filter in linear equalizer according to the channel conditions. The proposed design is implemented in the synopsis TSMC 65nm technology. The results from using the algorithm uses 28% less power when compared with the conventional 64-tap fixed length adaptive filter design. It has also been shown that the low-complexity of the additional circuitry needed for the variable length adaptive filter presents minimal overhead for this architecture.
User Perceptions of the Security of Mobile Applications
Authors: Elsantil Yasmeen
Published: August 2020

With the exponential increase in the use of mobile devices across the globe, there is a concomitant need to understand how mobile users perceive the security of mobile application, and the potential risks involved in accessing and downloading them. Such an understanding will enable users to ensure the apps they download are secure and create greater awareness in the marketplace of the presence of hackers and malware used to invade the privacy and personal details of smartphones users. Research on the perception of users' mobile security is very limited and needs further investigation. This study aims to identify how mobile users perceive the security of different mobile apps and the extent to which different apps affect such perceptions. This study also investigates mobile user preferences for the places where they can access apps and their perceptions of risk at marketplaces vs. websites. This study is based on a qualitative research in which interviews were conducted with 32 university students. The study found that mobile users do not feel secure when installing mobile apps, and that concerns about hacking personal and private information are pervasive. Users expressed more security concerns regarding entertainment apps such as games and communication rather than financial apps, such as banking. The study also found that users prefer installing apps from app stores. The findings of this research contribute a greater understanding of how mobile users perceive mobile app security and offers insights that will help developers adjust their security policies to ensure users' security. The study also presents theoretical and empirical contributions, along with limitations and suggestions for further work.
Do Users Sacrifice Security for Speed and Ease-of-Use on Smartphones?
Authors: Pusatli Tolga , Koyuncu Murat , Nakip Mahir
Published: August 2020

Storing credentials on smartphones to perform online activities increases ease-of-use (EoU) and speed. However, such practices increase security risks, especially if users use a number of applications or store data on their smartphones. Risks become more complicated by keeping smartphones online. This work aims to find potential relationships between security perceptions of smartphone users and their ease-of-use and speed preferences. Two user attitudes are defined as “not considering risk” and “risk exaggeration.” User ease-of-use and speed preferences are limited with the factors related to storing credentials on a smartphone and always keeping the device online. A survey of 154 participants was conducted through convenience sampling. Through regression analyses, logarithmic causality relations are found between EoU and speed and attitudes of not considering risk or risk exaggeration; so the participants preferred to take advantage of EoU and speed despite the fact that they were aware of the risks.
A Deep Structured Model for Video Captioning
Authors: Vinodhini V. , Sathiyabhama B. , Sankar S. , Somula Ramasubbareddy
Published: August 2020

Video captions help people to understand in a noisy environment or when the sound is muted. It helps people having impaired hearing to understand much better. Captions not only support the content creators and translators but also boost the search engine optimization. Many advanced areas like computer vision and human-computer interaction play a vital role as there is a successful growth of deep learning techniques. Numerous surveys on deep learning models are evolved with different methods, architecture, and metrics. Working with video subtitles is still challenging in terms of activity recognition in video. This paper proposes a deep structured model that is effective towards activity recognition, automatically classifies and caption it in a single architecture. The first process includes subtracting the foreground from the background; this is done by building a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) model. A Gaussian mixture model is used to remove the backdrop. The classification is done using long short-term memory networks (LSTM). A hidden Markov model (HMM) is used to generate the high quality data. Next, it uses the nonlinear activation function to perform the normalization process. Finally, the video captioning is achieved by using natural language.
Exploring the Roles of Police Leaders in Countries in Transition
Authors: Gyamfi Gerald Dapaah
Published: August 2020

Countries in transition face a risk due to dramatic changes in political, social, and economic circumstances. The changes usually result in high levels of crime and violence, especially during a regime change. This article explores the roles of police leaders in countries in transition in mitigating the risk of perceived crime. The study used data captured from 12 police leaders from different parts of the world attending an international police executive symposium held at United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime at Vienna, Austria. The participants agreed to the use of qualitative semi-structured telephone interview, recorded and translated for the study. The author used member-checking to improve the reliability of the study. The study was reinforced using archival materials for triangulation. The outcome of the study disclosed that during transitions of countries police leaders play the roles of maintaining law and order, ensuring peace and justice, intelligence gathering, accountability, and effective communication using emerging technologies.
Use of the Benefits Management Methodology in an Insurance Company
Authors: Silva Vera , Fernandes Jesualdo Cerqueira
Published: August 2020

The benefits management methodology is a complementary analysis technique to traditional project management practices. It dynamically evaluates the benefits associated with the implementation of an information system (IS), including all phases from planning to monitoring, both during and after the implementation. This article presents a case study of the application of the Cranfield School of Management's benefits management technique as it is applied to an insurance company. It identifies and quantifies the underlying benefits of IS implementation, organizational and structural changes, and alignment with the organization's strategy. The data was collected through analysis of secondary documents and interviews with insurance company employees. The main contribution of this article is to demonstrate the versatility of the Cranfield School of Management's technique during the study of IS projects. It provides a graphical visualization of the dependencies between all elements of the network.
Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Medication Advertisements and Use of Different Types of Media
Authors: Fogel Joshua , Herzog Rivka
Published: August 2020

The authors are not aware of any research for Internet social media direct-to-consumer prescription medication advertisements (DTCA) related to consumer behavior. The authors study (n=635) the association of traditional and digital media DTCA including Internet social media with the intentions to seek and behavior of obtaining additional information about a prescription medication after seeing a DTCA. This research found that advertisements seen on traditional/cable television were associated with decreased behavior. Advertisements seen on Internet television were associated with increased behavior. Seeking additional information of reading print content on the Internet was associated with increased behavior. No social media advertisements were associated with either intentions or behavior. Companies designing Internet and social media advertising platforms, pharmaceutical brand managers, and pharmaceutical marketers should consider these findings when tailoring their DTCA campaigns.
Unraveling the Effect of a Potentiating Anti–Factor H Antibody on Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome–Associated Factor H Variants
Authors: Dekkers Gillian , Brouwer Mieke C. , Jeremiasse Jorn , Kamp Angela , Biggs Robyn M. , van Mierlo Gerard , Lauder Scott , Katti Suresh , Kuijpers Taco W. , Rispens Theo , Jongerius Ilse
Published: August 2020

The complement system plays an important role in our innate immune system. Complement activation results in clearance of pathogens, immune complex, and apoptotic cells. The host is protected from complement-mediated damage by several complement regulators. Factor H (FH) is the most important fluid-phase regulator of the alternative pathway of the complement system. Heterozygous mutations in FH are associated with complement-related diseases such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and age-related macular degeneration. We recently described an agonistic anti-FH mAb that can potentiate the regulatory function of FH. This Ab could serve as a potential new drug for aHUS patients and alternative to C5 blockade by eculizumab. However, it is unclear whether this Ab can potentiate FH mutant variants in addition to wild-type (WT) FH. In this study, the functionality and potential of the agonistic Ab in the context of pathogenic aHUS-related FH mutant proteins was investigated. The binding affinity of recombinant WT FH and the FH variants, W1183L, V1197A, R1210C, and G1194D to C3b was increased upon addition of the potentiating Ab and similarly, the decay-accelerating activity of all mutants is increased. The potentiating anti-FH Ab is able to restore the surface regulatory function of most of the tested FH mutants to WT FH levels on a human HAP-1 cell line and on sheep erythrocytes. In conclusion, our potentiating anti-FH is broadly active and able to enhance both WT FH function as well as most aHUS-associated FH variants tested in this study.
Regularity for fully nonlinear parabolic equations with oblique boundary data
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Georgiana , Milakis Emmanouil
Published: August 2020

We obtain, up to a flat boundary, regularity results in parabolic Hölder spaces for viscosity solutions of fully nonlinear parabolic equations with oblique boundary conditions.
Long-term relationship between air and water temperatures in Lake Paldang, South Korea
Authors: Yu Soon Ju , Ryu In Gu , Park Min Ji , Im Jong Kwon
Published: August 2020

A long-term investigation into the relationship between air and water temperatures was conducted in Lake Paldang, which is the largest water source in South Korea, by studying hysteresis. From 1973 to 2018, the annual mean air temperature increased by 0.05°C/yr (seasonal Sen’s slope). The results of a numerical model (R > 0.86) showed that the ratios of the air and water temperatures increased (0.71‒0.77) in the rising limb and decreased (0.70‒0.76) in the falling limb. However, the intercept values were 0.13–3.52 and 6.62–7.78 in the rising and falling limbs, respectively, and hence there was a 4–5°C increase in temperature. In particular, in 2015, 2016, and 2018, the intercept values in the falling limb were ≥ 7, exhibiting hysteresis, whereby high water temperatures were slow to decline. Lake Paldang showed stronger water temperature hysteresis than its influent rivers and stream. The rising and falling limbs did not show a large difference in the extent of water temperature change (slope). However, the water temperature did not decrease rapidly, and the decrease continued for longer due to hysteresis, which is a type of inertia where the elevated temperature persists if the summer air temperature is significantly increased.
Elaboración de un bouillón a partir de los subproductos del camarón (Penaeus Vannamei)
Authors: Silva-Espinel José
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito utilizar los subproductos del camarón (Penaeus Vannamei) en la elaboración de un bouillón. En Ecuador, la exportación de camarón durante las dos últimas décadas ha representado un rubro importante para la obtención de divisas. La Cámara Nacional De Acuacultura registra que en el año 2003 Ecuador exportó 114.765.210 libras de camarón que equivalen a 52.166 toneladas al año en diversas presentaciones, con un valor de $278,8 millones y se constituyó como el tercer producto de exportación. Lamentablemente estas industrias generan grandes cantidades de desechos de cabezas y caparazones y otros desperdicios en general, aproximadamente el 65 y el 70 % corresponde a la cola del camarón, por lo que el porcentaje de desperdicios constituye el 30 y el 35%. Por tal motivo, en el presente trabajo de investigación se presenta una opción para desarrollo de un producto comestible a base de harina de camarón con adición de ají jalapeño (Bouillón). El bouillón elaborado con 25% de harina del subproducto de camarón y 1,5% de harina de jalapeño fue el tratamiento con mayor aceptación de acuerdo a la evaluación sensorial realizada. Este tratamiento se destacó en las evaluaciones de color, sabor y aceptabilidad general.

Palabras clave: subproductos, camarón, Penaeus vannamei, exportación, bouillón.
Trichinellosis of domestic pigs in Croatia (2011-2018) and the current situation in other European countries
Authors: Balić Davor , Mitak Mario , Škrivanko Mario , Gelo Marijan , Bosnić Željka , Antolović Nikola , Barić Josip , Agičić Marija
Published: August 2020

Trihineloza domaćih svinja bila je krajem prošlog i početkom ovog stoljeća jedna od čestih tema u veterinarskom javnom zdravstvu u Hrvatskoj, jer je trihineloza u ljudi tih godina ocijenjena kao bolest od javno-zdravstvenog značenja. Kao izvor invadiranja ljudi u ostalim europskim državama i državama svijeta, osim svinjskog, navode se i druge vrste mesa. U Hrvatskoj su sve do 2017. godine svinjsko meso, tj. suhomesnati proizvodi napravljeni od mesa domaće svinje bili jedini službeni izvori invadiranja ljudi. Veterinarska struka je od sredine devedesetih godina prošlog stoljeća do 2017. godine sustavnim mjerama otkrivanja i uklanjanja pozitivnih svinja te mjerama sprječavanja invadiranja, broj trihineloznih svinja uspjela smanjiti na jednoznamenkastu brojku da bi 2018. godine zabilježili čak 194 pozitivne svinje. Većina trihineloznih svinja nađena je u srpnju i kolovozu 2018. godine u dvije velike epizootije na istoku Hrvatske. Ovoliko velik broj nadmašio je ukupan zbroj pozitivnih svinja u Hrvatskoj unatrag zadnjih sedam godina. Druga neočekivana vijest je bila da se epizootija s najvećim brojem pozitivnih svinja dogodila na farmi gdje se svinje tove intenzivnim načinom tova što je pojava koja nije zabilježena kroz dugi niz godina niti u Hrvatskoj, a pogotovo ne u većini drugih država EU. Cilj ovoga rada je opisati slučajeve trihineloze svinja u Hrvatskoj koji su zabilježeni u 2018. godini s posebnim naglaskom na dvije velike epizootije. Usporedit ćemo i podatke iz 2018. godine s podatcima iz perioda 2011.-2017. u Hrvatskoj te prezentirati podatke o trihinelozi domaćih svinja u drugim europskim zemljama.
Regional differences in the attitudes of veterinary students in Croatia towards welfare of farm and companion animals
Authors: Sabolek Ivana , Mesić Željka , Antunović Boris , Matković Kristina , Pavičić Željko , Mikuš Tomislav , Ostović Mario
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of veterinary students in Croatia based on their home region towards the level of cognitive abilities and welfare in farm and companion animals. The survey encompassed 505 (91%) students of all six years of the integrated undergraduate and graduate study programme at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Student attitudes were examined through 17 statements using fivepoint Likert scale. The survey was focused on cattle, pigs, poultry, dogs and cats. The results obtained revealed that students from Zagreb and central Croatia expressed significantly higher attitudes (P<0.05) towards the level of thought process in cattle, pigs, dogs and cats, and the level of welfare in pigs than students from eastern Croatia and Dalmatia. Foreign students expressed the highest level of concern about the welfare of laying hens, and the lowest about the welfare of dogs and cats. Students from Lika and Gorski Kotar expressed the highest level of concern about the welfare of dogs and cats. No regional differences were determined in student attitudes towards the level of emotions in the observed species. The study results confirmed the existence of regional differences in the attitudes of Croatian veterinary students towards the welfare of farm and companion animals. The findings suggest that these differences may not only be the result of cultural differences among Croatian regions, but veterinary students may also increasingly encounter welfare issues in certain regions, especially in the case of companion animals.
Drought Risk Assessment in the Khushab Region of Pakistan Using Satellite Remote Sensing and Geospatial Methods
Authors: Abuzar Muhammad Khubaib , Shafiq Muhammad , Mahmood Syed Amer , Irfan Muhammad , Khalil Tayyaba , Khubaib Nusaiba , Hamid Amna , Shaista Sobia
Published: August 2020

Drought is a harmful and slow natural phenomenon that has significant effects on the economy, social life,agriculture and environment of the country. Due to its slow process it is difficult to study this phenomenon. RemoteSensing and GIS tools play a key role in studying different hazards like droughts. The main objective of the study wasto investigate drought risk by using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques in district Khushab, Pakistan. Landsat ETMimages for the year 2003, 2009 and 2015 were utilized for spatial and temporal analysis of agricultural andmeteorological drought. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) andrainfall anomaly indices were calculated to identify the drought prone areas in the study area. To monitormeteorological drought SPI values were used and NDVI was calculated for agricultural drought. These indices wereintegrated to compute the spatial and temporal drought maps. Three zones; no drought, slight drought and moderatedrought were identified. Final drought map shows that 30.21% of the area faces moderate drought, 28.36% faces slightdrought while nearly 41.3% faces no drought situation. Drought prevalence and severity is present more in the southernpart of Khushab district than the northern part. Most of the northern part is not under any type of drought. Thus, anoverall outcome of this study shows that risk areas can be assessed appropriately by integration of various data sourcesand thereby management plans can be prepared to deal with the hazard.
Using the Theory of Plan Behavior and Norm Activation Model to Understand Individual Energy Conservation Behavior in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Rasool Faiz , Zuberi Nabeel A. , Siddiqui Naila Usman , Madni Munazza
Published: August 2020

The environmental problems are considered as a serious threat to the future of humanity. The adoption ofsustainable behaviors is considered a necessary step to deal with the environmental challenges. Energy conservationbehavior is an environment friendly behavior that has been promoted in many societies. Researchers have been studyingthe determinants of energy conservation behavior for many years, in western countries. However, energy conservationbehavior of individuals in the house has not received attention of researchers in Pakistan. In this study, theory of plannedbehavior and norm activation model are used to study energy conservation behavior of 1250 college and universitystudents in Karachi. Our results show that attitudes, subjective norms, awareness of consequences, ascription ofresponsibility and personal norm, all have a positive relation with energy conservation behavior. Socio-demographicvariables had no statistically significant relation with energy conservation. It is believed that electronic and social mediaand religious scholars can play a key role in raising awareness of environmental issues and encouraging the adoption ofenvironment friendly behaviors in Pakistan.
Sorptive Interactions of Fungicidal 2-(4'-Thiazolyl) Benzimidazole with Soils of Divergent Physicochemical Composition
Authors: Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Ali Mehtabidah , Iqbal Shahid
Published: August 2020

Thiabendazole, 2-(4'-thiazolyl) Benzimidazole fungicide is rampantly used in Pakistan for controlling fungalgrowth in addition to combating various fungus driven diseases. Thiabendazole leaching and mobility patterns can beeasily predicted through investigation of Thiabendazole adsorption and desorption behavior in soils. Present work iscarried out by conducting a batch equilibration experiment for evaluation of Thiabendazole adsorption and desorption insoils from four diverse Pakistani climatological regions. Data revealed Thiabendazole had moderate to weak adsorption inselected soils with distribution co-efficient Kd(ads) ranging from 13.33 to 24.04 µg/ml in selected soils. The TBZ adsorptionin soils best fitted with Freundlich model (R2>0.87). The Freundlich adsorption coefficient (Kf(ads)) values ranged from4.51 to 8.90 µg/ml. Thiabendazole adsorption trends in the selected soils were positively influenced by the clay contentand soil organic matter while it was negatively influenced by soils’ pH. The Freundlich desorption coefficient (Kf(des))values spanned over a range of 1.03 to 6.43 µg/ml indicating decreased desorption from soils with creditable affinities forThiabendazole adsorption. The adsorptive interactions between Thiabendazole and selected soils were primarily physicalconfirmed through lower values of Gibbs free energy ∆G ≤ - 40kJ/mol. Thiabendazole desorption was highly hysterical inall soils with profound irreversibility. Thiabendazole possessed medium mobility patterns in selected soils. The loweradsorptive capability of Thiabendazole in selected soils points towards its lower application rates for combating long termenvironmentally perilous implications.
Spatializing Groundwater Quality Parameters and Their Impacts on Land Value in Khushab City, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Summera , Mobeen Muhammed , Bashir Sidra , Aziz Tehmina , Rehman Abdur
Published: August 2020

This research was designed to examine the spatial variation in land value in response to ground water qualityin Khushab city, Punjab Pakistan. There were four Physical and five chemical parameters such as pH, ElectricConductivity (EC), Calcium (Ca), hardness, Magnesium (Mg), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration, taste, colorand odor were tested for groundwater quality appraisal in the study area. There were one hundred water samplescollected from different wells in the study area. Thereafter, the water quality parameters were processed in ArcGIS foranalyzing spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters by using interpolation and geostatistical tools. It wasfound that all the groundwater parameters were higher than the permissible limit by WHO except pH concentration. Itwas further revealed that the ground water was unsafe for drinking and domestic purpose. Variation in land price wasalso studied with special reference to ground water quality. It was concluded that the groundwater quality has asignificant effect on land value in the study area. The deteriorated groundwater quality was proved to be a potentdeterminant for decreasing land price in the study area.
Relationship of Physical Properties of Limestone and Marble with Rock Strength Under Specific Geological Conditions from Khyber Region Hunza
Authors: Abbas Naeem , Akhter Javed Qureshi , Khan Garee , Alam Muhammad , Khan Hawas , Bano Yasmeen , Alam Masroor , Rehman Shams Ur , Khan Asgar
Published: August 2020

The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is one of the input parameters mostly used in surface andunderground designs. A literature review revealed that most of the empirical equations between UCS and Schmidthammer rebound number (N) are not satisfactory because of the low coefficient of correlation. In most of the cases, asingle formula is used for all types of rocks. In this study, a relationship UCS with N, slake durability, moisture content,and specific gravity has been developed for a particular limestone and marble deposit. These equations help todetermine the strength of these deposits directly using N value and other properties. The UCS value increased withincreasing N value, specific gravity, and slake durability. While the UCS value decreased with increasing moisturecontent. A relation between slaking cycles and slake durability index is also developed. In this study, the slakedurability value decreased with increasing slaking cycles for both limestone and marble. The UCS showed a linearrelationship with these physical properties.