bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOFTWARE FOR MODELING HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER PROCESSES IN MULTIPHASE FLOW
Authors:   Polar State University named after N.M. Feorovsky, Norilsk, Russian Federation, PETROV A.M. , POPOV A.N. ,   State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals, Tyumen, Russian Federation,   University of Tyumen, MOZGUNOV D.V. ,   Polar State University named after N.M. Feorovsky, Norilsk, Russian Federation, SHELEPOV D.V. ,   Polar State University named after N.M. Feorovsky, Norilsk, Russian Federation, CHERNYAVSKIY V.D. ,   Polar State University named after N.M. Feorovsky, Norilsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Mathematical models simulating the process of heat and mass transfer in a multiphase flow and taking into account the thermal conductivity of the working fluid, taking into account its location in space, physical properties and other characteristics, are difficult to implement in the form of software. Usually such models are represented by nonlinear equations, which makes it difficult to implement them correctly using numerical methods. When developing such mathematical models, hydrodynamics, heat transfer of a moving working fluid and the dependence of viscosity on temperature and velocity gradient are not taken into account. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a mathematical model of the functioning of the heat supply system as a set of cylindrical pipelines with a heat source through which the working fluid moves. Additional conditions are introduced to achieve high accuracy of calculations at boundary points. The possibility of using analytical equations to calculate the internal heat dissipation during the transportation of the working fluid inside the pipeline is studied. (Materials and methods) Using the two-phase delay theory (DPL-model) and the finite element method (FEM) as flow balancing methods, we obtain a model of the heat exchange of the working fluid motion in the pipeline with the possibility of taking into account relaxation properties. (Results and discussion) The developed algorithm is implemented using the high-level interpreted programming language MATLAB and its simulation environment for complex technical systems Simulink. (Conclusions) Equations modeling the real motion of a multiphase working fluid in locally nonequilibrium systems, including heat supply systems, are obtained. The results obtained make it possible to compile an algorithm and implement it using the high-level interpreted programming language MATLAB, defining a working version of the software for modeling heat and mass transfer processes in a multiphase flow.
CALCULATING THE ENERGY BALANCE OF A MULTI-UNIT WIND POWER PLANT UNDER LOW AVERAGE PERIODIC WIND SPEEDS
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation, DORZHIEV S.S. , BAZAROVA E.G. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation, ROSENBLUM M.I. ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

Energy supply of small facilities of the agro-industrial complex of Russia in remote rural areas using wind energy is an urgent task. Classical wind power plants operate efficiently at a wind speed of more than 7 meters per second, but in most of Russia such a wind speed is rare. Therefore, the utilization rate of the installed capacity of a wind farm is only 0.2. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is developing a method of increasing the utilization rate of the installed capacity of a wind farm and calculating its energy balance at average periodic wind speeds from 4 to 6 meters per second. (Materials and methods) To implement the proposed method, a multi-unit wind power plant consisting of wind receiving devices of various types driven by hydraulic pumps was used. As a result, the working fluid is feed into the hydraulic accumulating unit, from where the working fluid is fed to the hydraulic motor, which provides rotation of the generator shaft. (Results and discussion) At a wind speed of 4-11 meters per second, the total supply of the working fluid of all hydraulic pumps is greater than the required flow rate of the hydraulic pump. It was found out that in a typical period with an average periodic wind speed of 4-6 meters per second, the total volume of fluid supply by hydraulic pumps is 605.2; 758.0; 844.6 liters per hour, respectively. At the end of the period, 5.2 and 158.0 to 254.6 liters of liquid remain in the storage unit, which can compensate for calm periods up to 15-20 minutes. (Conclusions) The proposed method for increasing the utilization rate of the installed capacity of a wind power plant provides the required supply of hydraulic fluid at an average periodic wind speed of 4-6 meters per second, the annual utilization rate of the installed capacity of a wind power plant is 40-50 percent.
Design, Development and Performance Evaluation of a Motorized Periwinkle Meat Extraction Machine
Authors: Ekop Inemesit , Bassey Joseph , Ekop Ifiok , Etim Promise , Akpan Godwin , Olatunji Olalade , Tosin Paul , Simonyan Kayode , Onwuka Nelson
Published: April 2024

Efficient cracking and separation of periwinkle shells are essential unit operations in periwinkle meat processing. Mechanization remains the panacea to achieving timely processing of periwinkle meat. This study was carried out to design, develop, and evaluate the performance of a viable machine for the extraction of meat from periwinkle. The performance of the machine was dependent on certain processing parameters, such as cracking speed (CS), Agitating speed (AS), feed rate (FR) and heat conditioning time (HCT), while periwinkle cracking efficiency (CE), separating efficiency (SE), Throughput capacity (TP) and periwinkle meat loss (PML) were the responses. The maximum periwinkle meat CE of 84.05 % was obtained at CS of 130 rpm, FR of 0.2 kgs-1 and HCT of 6 min. The result for SE indicated that most efficient periwinkle meat separation of 78.79% can be achieved when HCT, CS, AS and FR set at 6 min,130 rpm,1.11m/s and 0.40 kg/s respectively. Highest TP value of 26.79 kg/h was obtained when the machine was operated at CS of 130 rpm, AS of 1.23 m/s under the HCT of 6 min at FR of 0.40 kg/s. Also, the lowest PML value of 10.71 % was obtained when the machine was operated at CS of 120 rpm, AS of 1.04 m/s under the HCT of 4 min at feed rate of 0.30 kg/s. These machine parameters have significant effects on the periwinkle meat processing. The study has provided a viable option to replace the time-consuming, crude manual method of periwinkle meat postharvest processing.
THE EFFECT OF PARENT-MEDIATED INTERVENTION ON SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL SKILLS IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: Hamid Nora , Mohamad Sabri Mohamad Qayum , Sundaraj Charlotte , Chuan Lim Boon , Al-Sabbah Saher , Che Daud Ahmad Zamir
Published: April 2024

Parent-Mediated Intervention (PMI) is a promising approach to improving children’s social-emotional skills with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, its implementation in Malaysia is still in its infancy. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of PMI in improving social-emotional skills in children with ASD using a quasiexperimental pre-post design. A total of 30 participants aged between 2.5 and 7 years diagnosed with ASD were recruited from Putrajaya and Sarawak Heart Centre. PMI was delivered bimonthly for the first three months and once monthly for the next three months along with a small parent support group based on Greenspan and Wieder’s Developmental, Individual differences, and Relationship-based (DIR) theoretical framework. The Functional Emotional Assessment Scale (FEAS) was the primary outcome measure. Results showed a statistically significant mean difference with a large effect size in functional emotion (F (1.613, 46.767) = 80.483, p < 0.001), indicating that PMI improved the social-emotional skills of children with ASD. These findings highlight the potential benefits of parent partnership within occupational therapy and suggest a trend towards top-down approaches in promoting positive outcomes in children with ASD in Malaysia. This is a pilot study before a larger scale and controlled trial is undertaken in Malaysia. Overall, the results emphasise the importance of implementing evidence-based interventions, such as PMI, to improve the social-emotional skills of children with ASD.
DETERMINATION OF MICROPLASTIC IN SELECTED FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES FROM AGRICULTURE FISHPOND IN TANJONG KARANG, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA
Authors: Husna Zarawi Nur Amany , Mohd Yatim Siti Rohana , Dasiman Razif , Wan Rasdi Nadiah , Abdullah Samsuri , Afiq Zaki Muhammad , Porusia Mitoriana
Published: April 2024

As the amount of plastic in the environment continues to rise, one of the most significant environmental challenges that has emerged is the contamination of seafood with microplastics (MPs). This study was conducted in Tanjong Karang, Selangor, in order to investigate the prevalence of MPs, their properties, and the range of variation among them in different species of freshwater fish. Twelve different fish species from a variety of feeding zones were investigated to establish the degree to which MPs consumption rates differed from zone to zone. It was found that MPs were present in the gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) of 29.2% of the fish samples, which is a higher percentage than what has been found in other regions that have been documented. When compared to the other fish species, the Anabas testudineus has the greatest concentration of MPs. Examinations at a microscopic level indicated that the film morphotype and the colour white were predominant among MPs. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis showed that the fish gastrointestinal tract contained high-density polyethene and polypropylene as the predominant polymers. Plastic ingestion in fish may be related to the feeding zones, as indicated by the fact that demersal fish have a greater concentration of MPs compared to benthopelagic and pelagic fish. This finding will help people have a better understanding of which types of freshwater fish and which types of feeding zones contain greater levels of MP contamination.
PERCEPTION OF PARENTS IN USING VIDEO MODELLING TO IMPROVE SELF-HELP SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Authors: ah Aman Nurul Afiq' , Hanifah Intan Nur Aliya , Ilias Kartini , Hayasaka Tomonari , Nordin Sharifalillah , Che Daud Ahmad Zamir
Published: April 2024

Over the past 20 years, there has been a noticeable increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) because of the change in diagnostic criteria, policy and increased awareness. One of the issues that children with ASD have in their life is self-help skills. This triggers the need to adopt a proper technique to intervene and teach new skills to children with ASD. Video modelling (VM) is one of the intervention methods that can be done with children with ASD as one of parent-mediated interventions (PMI). The objective of this study was to investigate the self-help skills problems among children with ASD and parents’ perception of using VM to improve self-help skills in children with ASD. Associations of the child’s and parent’s demographic characteristics with self-help skills problems and perception of parents in using VM were also examined. A cross-sectional study using purposive sampling that included 262 parents of children with ASD was employed. Questionnaires that include demographic characteristics, Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale Third Edition (VABS-3) and Video Modelling Perceptions Scale (VMPS) were completed by the participants. There were significant differences between the age of children with ASD (p < 0.001) with self-help skills problems. Educational level (p < 0.001), occupation sector (p < 0.001) and household income status (p < 0.001) were associated with parents’ perceived interest and accessibility in using VM. In conclusion, parents showed positive responses about their perceived interest and accessibility in using VM to improve self-help skills in children with ASD.
THE ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISM IN THE PREVENTION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Rahman AHM Mahmudur , Ibrahim Farrah Shafeera , Amom Zulkhairi , Amran Adel A.
Published: April 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a chronic metabolic disease in which oxidative stress plays a vital part in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Essentially, hyperglycemia instigates the auto-oxidation of glucose to free radicals. The free radicals overwhelm endogenous antioxidant defense in macrovascular and microvascular dysfunctions. The antioxidants (such as vitamin C and α-lipoic acid) effectively reduce diabetic complications; they are used to treat and decrease the complication of diabetes mellitus. Supplementations with antioxidants and medicinal plants that possess antioxidant activity have been investigated for hypoglycemic effects. This review article sums up the role and mechanism of antioxidants in the prevention of T2DM and its complications.
Eficiencia de bancos y cajas municipales en el Perú, una aplicación del análisis envolvente de datos, para el periodo 2003 - 2022.
Authors: Ureña – López Ficherd Fredy
Published: April 2024

Se realizó un estudio longitudinal para evaluar la eficiencia de los Bancos y Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito (en adelante CMAC´s) en el ámbito de créditos a microempresas en el periodo 2003 a 2022, empleando el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (en adelante “DEA”). La muestra la conformaron 19 entidades financieras del sistema financiero peruano (en adelante “SFP”) que operaron en el intervalo de análisis. Para la aplicación del DEA se consideraron variables de entrada (también denominadas “inputs”), que imitan la Función de Producción de Coub Douglas, a saber, cantidad de oficinas y número de personal de cada institución. Como resultado, se encontró que los Bancos son más eficientes que las CMAC´s incrementando su eficiencia en años recientes mientras que las CMAC´s presentaron una eficiencia similar con una constante tendencia decreciente. Por último, se realizó un modelo de Regresión Lineal a fin de determinar los factores asociados a la eficiencia Operativa, encontrándose a un 5% de significancia, que el logaritmo de las eficiencias calculadas es influenciado por la rentabilidad de patrimonio, el ratio de intermediación (crédito por depósitos), el tipo de entidad y el año de estudio.
E-governance as a lever for public administration performance: A qualitative survey.
Authors: Mahmoudi Zakaryae , Najim Imane
Published: April 2024

The digital transformation of the international economy has made it easier for both public and private companies to reinforce the process of migrating value to the Internet. Internet integration has thus become a sine condition for maximizing the chances of success. The new public management (Er Rays et al., 2022) makes e-administration a strategic axis in our country. In Morocco, digital technology is a fundamental part of the system used to modernize the administration. E-administration generates transparency and efficiency, paving the way for e-governance that harmonizes organizational performance (Scupola & Zanfei, 2016). The COVID-19 pandemic required the administration to use digitalization to ensure continuity and modernization of public services. The qualitative exploratory study was carried out to assess perceptions and expectations, and to identify levers for improving the quality of distance learning in order to achieve the desired performance. The results clearly illustrate that this type of teaching has been a success with teachers, despite certain constraints noted by this type of alternative or complementary teaching.
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and its impact on the economic performance of G20 countries
Authors: Shabani Lulzim , Misini Shkumbin , Mustafa Agron , Ismajli Ali , Ismajli Ajshe
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to examine the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the performance of the Group of Twenty (G20) countries by analyzing the economic performance of these countries before and after the war, analyzing and measuring empirically from 2000 to 2022. The Russian invasion of Ukraine has prompted many researchers to study the impact of the conflict on the economic performance of the world’s most prosperous countries. Furthermore, the influence of global commerce has demonstrated that the Russia-Ukraine war has impacted the global trade imbalance, harming the economic performance of the 27 European Union (EU) nations (Misini & Tosuni, 2023b). The methodology is based on a comparison of each of the G20 country’s economic performance indexes (EPIs) to the countries of the EU. These countries’ performance will be evaluated using the most essential macroeconomic indicators: unemployment, inflation, fiscal deficit, and yearly economic growth. In addition, this paper will examine the influence of the Russia-Ukraine war on the economic performance of these countries (G20). The analysis employed dot plot analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and regression to conduct a more scientific investigation. The findings reveal that nations with high inflation as a result of the Russia-Ukraine war had lower economic performance, while those with low inflation had higher economic performance. Countries with lower inflation have produced greater economic results. Turkey and Argentina have experienced significant swings in economic performance. Economic growth and the budget deficit have had a favorable impact on the G20 countries’ economic performance.
Retrospective investigation of overlooked Mpox virus infection in saliva samples from patients with suspected syphilis in Japan
Authors: Imai Kazuo , Onodera Azusa , Sato Akihiro , Tanaka Masashi , Omachi Ryuha , Maeda Takuya
Published: April 2024

The clinical presentation of Mpox (monkeypox) resembles that of several
other sexually transmitted infections. Although cases of Mpox are
thought to be overlooked in the clinical setting, no study has
investigated whether this is the case in Japan. In this study, we
retrospectively screened suspected cases of syphilis to investigate
overlooked cases of Mpox in Japan. We retrospectively analyzed 88 saliva
samples and 78 whole blood samples from 88 patients treated in general
internal medicine and infectious disease clinics. Molecular diagnostic
testing revealed Mpox virus DNA in the saliva and blood samples of 1
patient with suspected primary syphilis in April 2023. This case was
retrospectively diagnosed as Mpox. The findings of this study indicate
that health care providers should be aware of Mpox as a differential
diagnosis in patients with sexually transmitted infections. Improved
access to molecular diagnostic testing may reduce the risk of overlooked
cases of Mpox. Retrospective screening using saliva samples could help
to increase opportunities to intervene against Mpox transmission.
Development and evaluation of a uterine contraction monitoring device: a home monitoring device
Authors: Abbasi Masoumeh , Mohammadi Tahereh , nezhadi Sara , Mansouri Nasrin , Dehghan Mohsen
Published: April 2024

Preterm labor is one of the major public health problems in the
developing countries, where accessibility to health facilities is low in
some areas. Home monitoring devices could be good options in this
situations. Therefore, we developed a tool for early detection of
contractions. The type of signal, artifacts removing way, a method for
sending signals safely, detecting abnormal contractions method, and
evaluation methods were determined. EHG signals were applied to send
contractions to mobile application. Alarms were displayed if abnormal
contraction is detected. Relative Error and Co-efficient of variation
were calculated for evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of device,
respectively, which were acceptable. This portable, low weight, low cost
and easy to use uterine contraction-monitoring device could be used in
urban and rural health centers, at home and by pregnant women who are
living in hard-to-reach places. This may help early awareness and take
action to prevent premature birth.
Stability of the Arctic Winter Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Sea Ice in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Duffey Alistair , Mallett Robbie , Dutch Victoria R. , Steckling Julia , Hermant Antoine , Day Jonathan James , Pithan Felix
Published: April 2024

The Arctic winter-time atmospheric boundary layer often features strong
and persistent low-level stability which arises from longwave radiative
cooling of the surface during the polar night. This stable
stratification results in a positive lapse rate feedback, which is a
major contributor to Arctic amplification. A second state, associated
with cloudy conditions, with weaker stability and near-zero net surface
longwave flux is also observed. Previous work has shown that many CMIP5
climate models fail to realistically represent the cloudy state. In this
study, we assess the representation of the Arctic atmospheric boundary
layer over sea ice during the winter months in global climate models
contributing to the latest phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project (CMIP6). We compare boundary layer process relationships seen in
these models to those in surface-based and radiosonde observations
collected during the recent MOSAiC (2019-2020) field campaign, alongside
the earlier SHEBA (1997-1998) expedition, and from North Pole drifting
stations (1955-1991). Here, we show that a majority of CMIP6 models fail
to realistically represent the cloudy state over winter Arctic sea ice.
Despite this, CMIP6 models have a multi-model mean low-level stability
which falls within the range recorded by observational campaigns, and
are mostly able to capture the observed dependence of low-level
stability on near-surface air temperature and wind speed. As the Arctic
warms, CMIP6 models predict a decline of winter low-level stability,
with the Central Arctic’s mean stability falling below zero in the
multi-model mean state by the end of the century under the SSP2-4.5
emissions scenario.
A compliance assessment of GNSS station networks in Serbia
Authors: Odalovic Oleg , Petkovic Dusan , Grekulovic Sanja , Todorovic-Drakul Miljana
Published: April 2024

Since the early 21st century, Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has dominated geodetic reference networks. Almost all countries established a permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station network to augment all available GNSS systems. By the end of 2005, Serbia completed the Active Geodetic Reference Network as a particular project of Serbia's Republic Geodetic Authority (RGA). Besides RGA, two private companies, Vekom and Geotaur, have established permanent station networks. This paper assesses the compliance of all the three networks, and network results are evaluated against the spatial distance determined by classical geodetic methods. When all available GNSS constellations are utilized, NAVSTAR, GLONASS, BEIDOU, and GALILEO, in the processing procedure, the established networks in Serbia align within a margin of about 3 mm across all coordinate axes. The results obtained within the research indicate that by using GNSS networks, it is possible to provide the coordinates of the points for the establishment of the national spatial reference system of Serbia, the reference system in almost all engineering fields, reference systems for the maintenance works of the real estate cadastre, and it is also possible to provide coordinates of points that can be used to define local, national, and world reference heights surfaces.
Impact of acquisition volume on cone beam computed tomography imaging of marginal bone: an ex vivo study
Authors: Ruetters Maurice , Alexandrou Korallia , Gehrig Holger , Awounvo Sinclair , Kim Ti-Sun , Felten Anna , Lux Christopher , Sen Sinan
Published: April 2024

Objective: The current study explores whether there is a clinically relevant distinction in the measurement of marginal bone loss when comparing high-dose (HD) versus low-dose (LD) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols in small and large acquisition volumes. 
Material and Methods: CBCTs of four human cadaveric preparates were taken in HD and LD mode in two different fields of view 8 × 8 cm2 (LV) and 5 × 5 cm2 (SV). In total, 43 sites of 15 teeth were randomly chosen, and marginal bone loss was measured twice in all protocols at 43 sites of 15 teeth by one calibrated investigator. Bland-Altman plots and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were calculated to assess the extent of agreement of the measurements. Additionally, the rater scored the certainty in each of the measurements.
Results: For HD-CBCT CCC of measurements obtained using SV versus LV was 0.991. CCC of measurements obtained using SV versus LV of LD-CBCT was 0.963. Both CCC values indicated excellent agreement between the two volumes in both protocols. 
CCC also indicated high intramodality correlation between HD-CBCT and LD-CBCT independent of the acquisition volume (0.963 – 0.992). Bland-Altman plots also indicated no substantial differences. Results of certainty scoring showed significant differences (p = 0.004 (LV), p < 0.001(SV)) between the LD and HD-CBCT.
Conclusions: Accuracy of measurements of bone loss shows no clinical noticeable effects depending on the CBCT volume in this ex vivo study. There appears to be no relevant advantage of SV over LV, neither in HD-CBCT nor in LD-CBCT and additionally no relevant advantage of HD versus LD in visualizing marginal bone loss.
Uppdraget att undervisa i musik. Förskollärares uppdrag att undervisa i musik med utgångspunkt i den nationella läroplanens innehåll och mål
Authors: Still Johanna
Published: April 2024

Musikundervisningens mål är bland annat att ge barn redskap för att praktiskt kunna musicera i vardagen, utveckla musikaliskt tänkande och skapa ett positivt förhållningssätt till musik. De upplevelser barn får i musik är huvudsakligen beroende av de lärare de möter, anser Moore (2019). Därför borde lärare vara utrustade med de färdigheter och kunskaper som krävs för att kunna ge barnen meningsfulla musikupplevelser och för att kunna följa läroplanens innehåll och mål (Sætre, 2018). Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lärare inom förskoleundervisning (sexårsverksamhet) tagit sig an uppdraget att undervisa i musik utgående från den finländska nationella läroplanens innehåll och mål. För att få svar på frågeställningen används kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I föreliggande studie har både dokument i form av läroplanstexter och förskollärares intervjusvar analyserats. Läroplanens övergripande mål är att den ska bidra till att en högklassig och enhetlig förskoleundervisning förverkligas i hela Finland, men resultatet i denna studie visar på stora variationer i förverkligandet av musikundervisningen.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
The Mission to Teach Music. Pre-primary Teachers’ Assignment to Teach Music Based on the Content and Goals of the National Curriculum
The aim of music education is to give children the tools to practically play music in everyday life, developing musical thinking, and create a positive attitude to music. The experiences children get in music are mainly dependent on the teachers they encounter (Moore, 2019). Therefore, teachers should be equipped with the skills and knowledge required to be able to give children meaningful musical experiences and to be able to follow the curriculum’s content and goals (Sætre, 2018). The purpose of this study is to investigate how teachers in pre-primary education approached the task of teaching music based on the content and goals of the Finnish national curriculum. Qualitative content analysis is used to answer the question at issue. In the present study both documents in the form of curriculum texts and pre-school teachers’ interview responses have been analyzed. The overall aim of the curriculum is to contribute to the realization of high quality and uniform preschool education throughout Finland, but the results show wide variations in the realization of music education.
Describing the geographical linkage between the UK Millennium Cohort Study and crime incidents in England and Wales
Authors: Libuy Nicolas , Fitzsimons Emla , Church David
Published: April 2024

BackgroundEnhancing longitudinal cohort studies by linking routine external data to them is increasingly used to evaluate how local environments impact participants' outcomes (e.g. crime on adolescents' perception of security and victimisation).
ObjectiveTo describe the geographical linkage between the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) and street-level crime incidents reported to the Police in England and Wales, and to estimate crime count and rates around MCS participants' residences.
MethodsEight years of monthly street-level police data were linked to the residential postcodes of MCS participants living in England and Wales in surveys 5, 6 and 7 to create individual-level variables of neighbourhood crime counts and rates (28,724 surveys and 11,365 individuals). Radial buffers around participants' residences were created at ages 11, 14 and 17. Crime counts and rates were created prior to the month of interview (at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months prior). A homogenisation of crime categories reported in the police data was conducted to evaluate changes over time and areas. Multivariate models were used to study the association between MCS participants' demographic characteristics and derived measures of neighbourhood crime.
ResultsWhile total crime rates and counts around MCS participants remain stable over the period, they hide heterogeneous upward and downward trends in specific sub-categories, with violence and sexual offences showing a larger increase. We observe a negative socioeconomic gradient between household income deciles, recorded at age 11, and subsequent exposure to neighbourhood crime.
ConclusionLinking routine crime data to longitudinal studies, such as the MCS, which follow children and their families through a critical period of development, can provide a new resource to understand how local crime impacts child and adolescent outcomes.
A Content Analysis of the Numbers and Operations Learning Area-themed Articles Published in Turkey Related to Their Topic Trends and Results
Authors: Kandal Rüveyda , Baş Fatih
Published: April 2024

This research aims to explore the level/case determination and experimental, related to any variable, articles, which have been conducted on the numbers and operations learning area in mathematics education and published in the educational journals in Turkey, within the scope of their topic trends and results. Within the scope of the research designed with the descriptive content analysis method, 301 articles were determined and the obtained results were analysed with the content analysis method. The result is as follows: In the articles, which were focused on the level/situation determination, mainly the skill articles such as various misconceptions/ errors/ difficulties/ difficulties in fractions/operations with fractions and natural numbers/operations with natural numbers or problem posing skills, mental calculations/ arithmetic operations skills were examined. In the articles on problem posing related to fractions, it was determined that the conceptual difficulties were common and the students overgeneralised about the concept and operations of fractions. In addition, it was observed that the participant had low skill levels of problem posing and problem-solving related to the operations with fractions and natural numbers. In the articles, whose study focus was experimental, mostly the achievement articles in the form of mathematics/academic/student/learning, number/rhythmic counting, and problem-solving success with operations, for fractions and natural numbers, were discussed. When the results of the articles conducted in this scope were analysed, it was determined that the independent variables in the research increased the achievement or performance of the mentioned dependent variables.
Examination of Inquiry Learning Skills toward Geometry in terms of Various Variables
Authors: Kedikli Diler , Katrancı Yasemin
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Questioning, discovering, generalizing, verifying, and disproving are fundamental aspects of geometry teaching. As seen, the inquiry is at the geometry’s core. According to this, inquiry learning toward geometry is a student-centered learning process that allows the student to construct geometric information and to create permanent learning by actively using inquiring skills such as hypothesizing, proving, and disproving in the geometry learning process. To see this process in detail, the purpose of this study is to examine middle-schoolers’ levels of inquiry learning skills toward geometry, as well as their relationship to various variables.
Design/Methodology/Approach: In the survey model, 312 middle school students participated in the study. Data were collected using the Inquiry Learning Skills Scale for Geometry and Demographic Information Form.
Findings: It has been determined that middle-schoolers have a high level of inquiry learning skills toward geometry. As a result, inquiry learning skills toward geometry were found to significantly differ by gender, father’s educational status, year-end achievement score, asking questions, using materials in the lesson, and associating geometry with daily life. However, there was no significant difference between these skills and the grade level and mother’s education status.
Highlights: By using concrete abstract materials or models related to daily life in lessons, teachers can attract students’ interest, arouse curiosity in students, and encourage students to use and develop their inquiry learning skills. In addition to educational activities at school, parents can contribute to the development of certain skills such as observation and questioning by creating opportunities for their children to participate in scientific activities at home or in their social environment and exposing them to different stimuli.
University Students’ Perceptions of the Business Contacts Network as a Factor in Shaping Their Future Professional Career
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Avshalumov Saimon S.
Published: April 2024

Creating a business contacts network is a significant factor in managing a business career. Students – future young specialists starting to build their careers do not have much experience in applying social competencies into practice, they are not fully aware of the importance of business contacts for exchanging expertise and get-ting to know the companies’ business processes. In return, HR specialists and company’ CEOs do not always understand the importance of using a business contacts network to manage the motivation, development and talent pool of young professionals. The article presents the results of a survey among university students’ aimed at identifying the importance of creating a business contacts network for their further career develop-ment. It states the recommendations for students on the effective use of a business contacts network when building a business career, and suggestions for CEOs and HR specialists on using business contacts network to manage employees’ business career. In conclusion, business networking plays a crucial role in shaping the career trajectories of university students. By understanding the importance of building and leveraging profes-sional connections, students can enhance their employability and achieve their career aspirations. Educators, employers, and policymakers should collaborate to equip students with the necessary skills and resources to navigate the complex landscape of professional networking effectively.
“Convenience Flag” Management in the Formation of the Russian Federation Fleet
Authors:   Maritime State University named after Admiral G.I. Nevelskoy, Osipov Alexey V. , Osipov Viktor A. ,   Russian Customs Academy Vladivostok Branch
Published: April 2024

The management of fleets, especially as part of the state-private interaction, is a complex endeavor influenced by economic, political, and strategic factors. This article delves into the concept of the “convenience flag” as a mechanism for optimizing fleet management, exploring its implications within the evolving landscape of mari-time industries. It analyzes optimization mechanisms for fleet management through the utilization of “conven-ience flags” and offshore zones. The current optimization mechanisms are scrutinized against the backdrop of modern transformations in strategic economic sectors, particularly shipbuilding and maritime transport fleet development. Approaches to financing and balancing state-private interests amid heightened international re-lations are examined in greater detail. Through identifying causal relationships between elements of optimiza-tion mechanisms, particularly in financial operations, asset transactions, and the increased risk of fleet vessel loss, the necessity of upholding state interests in these processes is substantiated. Principles of organizational measures to prevent vessel loss and, consequently, the entities operating under “convenience flags” and off-shore zone jurisdictions, are proposed. In conclusion, the management of fleets through “convenience flags” represents a complex interplay of economic, political, and regulatory considerations. While offering potential benefits in terms of cost efficiency and operational flexibility, it also poses inherent risks to state sovereignty and maritime security. Moving forward, a balanced approach that prioritizes transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement is essential to ensure the sustainable and responsible management of fleets in the Russian Federation and beyond.
Legal Dimension of Digital Transition in the European Union External Competences Practice
Authors:   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Laptsenak Violetta A.
Published: April 2024

Digital transition is a key priority of the European Union strategic autonomy. The EU external competences serve as instrumental long-term trendsetters prompting third countries to follow suit in terms of a large-scale artificial intelligence systems application, ensuring cyber security, network infrastructure protection, using big data systems and other disruptive technologies. Treaty-based and legislative norms and principles, related to such phenomena, when enshrined in bilateral, interregional and international agreements, make an integral part of the incipient “Human-to-Smart Machine” interface ‘code of ethics’ that might largely fore-shadow the future. In a change-bound world order with a swelling importance of the power of states, their resource and military potential, the stability of interstate relations hinges on the will of major powers and the commitment of the parties to the international obligations they assumed. Fraught with legal conflicts, derogations, in fact, lead to direct confrontation. With fast-track refinement of its pivotal external competence tools well under way, the EU keeps abreast with the geopolitical dynamics in Europe. A dramatic shifting in “soft” and “hard” power equa-tion is manifest.
The Quality of Human Capital and Prospects for Rural Development
Authors:   University of Tyumen, Zakharova Olga V. , Gryaznykh Dmitry V. ,   The State Agrarian University of The Northern Trans-Urals, Suvorova Lyudmila G. ,   University of Tyumen, Ivanov Alexey G. ,   University of Tyumen
Published: April 2024

The quality of human capital among rural residents, their entrepreneurial abilities, and their capacity for innova-tion play a pivotal role in creating a conducive environment for the sustainable development of rural areas. These areas are strategically significant for societal advancement and possess a multiplier effect on national economic development. A study conducted in 17 rural areas of the Tyumen region found that the low quality of human capital is one of the main weaknesses of regional development. This article aims to identify the key factors influencing the human capital in rural areas of the Tyumen region and to provide comprehensive rec-ommendations for improving it. In July 2021, 90 semi-structured interviews were conducted with heads of mu-nicipal districts and rural communities, the municipal authorities, entrepreneurs, and rural residents. The inter-view results were analyzed by experts using the SWOT analysis principle. The key factors that influence territo-rial development were identified, including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The relationships between these factors have also been investigated. The quality of human capital in the region is linked to 14 additional factors, with 5 of these factors identified by experts as posing threats to regional development and 9 identified as providing opportunities. Based on the data obtained, recommendations for managing the socio-economic development of the region are proposed. The findings may be of interest to regional development researchers and government officials for implementation in rural development programs.
Methodology for Applying Systematic Literature Review in a Study of Online Youth Radicalization
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Melnikova Olga Ya.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the problems of online youth radicalization in modern conditions. It is indicated that soci-ologists identify a scientific problem as the absence in the Russian research field of a general theoretical and methodological concept of radicalization, especially online radicalization. The author of the article attempts a comprehensive systematic analysis of the phenomenon of online radicalization. Consequently, the article pre-sents a detailed methodology for the application of a systematic review literature in the study of online youth radicalization. The validity and advantages of using this method are pointed out. Based on the qualitative anal-ysis of the sources selected during the study, some approaches to the study of the phenomenon of online radi-calization are presented and analyzed. The necessity of conceptualizing the concept of radicalization, highlight-ing the risk factors of radicalization at various levels is revealed. One of the advantages of this work is the indi-cation of limitations that have been empirically identified and will be taken into account in future works.
Perception of Behaviour Management Techniques for Paediatric Patients among Dental Officers
Authors:   Kudat Dental Clinic, Kudat, Sabah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Che Lah Nor Asmawati , Badrul Hisham Abdul Rauf ,   Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Zakaria Nurul Syahirah ,   University Health Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Mohamad Jurimi Nur Hazwani ,   Kudat Dental Clinic, Kudat, Sabah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Mohd Fathil Naimah Hasnah ,   Klinik Pergigian Air Baloi, Pontian, Johor, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Mohamad Farah Najihah ,   Klinik Pergigian Sultan Ismail, Johor, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kei Joe Leong ,   Paediatric Dentistry Department, Sabah Women and Children’s Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Ministry of Health Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Dental anxiety can be effectively managed by applying pharmacological and non-pharmacological behavioural management therapy approaches (BMT). This study investigated the dental officers’ perception of behaviour management techniques practiced in managing paediatric dental patients in primary dental clinics. Materials and methods: A quantitative study using structured online English questionnaires among dental officers serving in primary dental care services under the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH Malaysia) in Sabah. The acceptability of applied behaviour management techniques was measured using Likert scale from 0 to 10. Data was analysed using SPSS version 29 and descriptive data was presented. Results: Seventy-four dental officers involved in this study (Male= 14, Female= 60). Positive verbal reinforcement, tell-show-do, and offering an exact explanation of what the findings indicate are the most widely accepted behaviour management strategies (BMT), with mean scores of 9.5, 9.1, and 8.7, respectively. The least accepted BMT among dental officers in Sabah are immobilisation with a papoose board, preventing the child from speaking during treatment, and hand over mouth (HOM), with mean scores of 4.6, 3.6, and 3.2, respectively. Conclusion: The study concludes that the most recognized BMT is positive reinforcement technique regardless of age, experience and gender. This finding provides information in the development of modules for continuous professional development training among dental officers in the Ministry of Health Malaysia.
LITERASI PANGAN SEJAK DINI KEPADA SISWA-SISWI SD DAN SOSIALISASI LP2B DI DESA TANJUNGJAYA, KAB. KARAWANG
Authors: Nurlinda Ida , Astriani Nadia , Zamil Yusuf Saeful , Adharani Yulinda , Kultsum Fatia , Widyanto Prima Rizki
Published: April 2024

Ketersediaan lahan untuk pertanian merupakan salah satu syarat untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan. Ketahanan pangan merupakan situasi dimana semua rumah tangga mempunyai akses baik fisik maupun ekonomi untuk memperoleh pangan bagi seluruh anggota keluarganya, dimana rumah tangga tidak beresiko mengalami kehilangan kedua akses tersebut. Akan tetapi, lahan pertanian di Indonesia setiap tahunnya mengalami pengurangan akibat dari alih fungsi lahan. Kabupaten Karawang merupakan wilayah yang berkembang dengan pesat dan menjadi produsen beras tertinggi kedua yang lahannya merupakan kawasan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B). Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Tanjungjaya terutama mengenai ketahanan pangan dirasa tepat di lokasi ini untuk melaksanakan kegiatan dalam rangka KKN-PPM. Ada pun kegiatannya berupa “Literasi Pangan Melalui Pengenalan Pangan Sejak Dini kepada Siswa-Siswi SD” dan “Sosialisasi LP2B di Desa Tanjungjaya, Kabupaten Karawang”. Metode yang digunakan pada kedua kegiatan tersebut adalah Pendidikan masyarakat dan advokasi. Hasil dari kegiatan tersebut adalah bertambahnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan siswa-siswi SDN 1 Tanjungjaya mengenai jenis-jenis pangan, dan bertambahnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman aparat pemerintah desa dan masyarakat terutama petani terkait pengelolaan dan perlindungan lahan pangan (sawah).The availability of land for agriculture is one of the conditions for realizing food security. Food security is a situation where all households have both physical and economic access to food for all family members, where households are not at risk of losing both accesses. However, agricultural land in Indonesia is reduced every year due to land use change. Karawang Regency is a rapidly growing area and is the second-highest rice producer whose land is a Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) area. Therefore, community empowerment activities in Tanjungjaya Village, especially regarding food security, are considered appropriate in this location to carry out activities in the framework of KKN-PPM. There are also activities in the form of "Food Literacy through Early Food Introduction to Elementary School Students" and "LP2B Socialization in Tanjungjaya Village, Karawang Regency". The methods used in both activities are community education and advocacy. The result of this activity was an increase in the understanding and knowledge of SDN 1 Tanjungjaya students about the types of food, and an increase in knowledge and understanding of village government officials and communities, especially farmers related to the management and protection of food land (rice fields).