bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Peat Restoration in the Sebangau-Katingan Peat Hydrological Unit, Central Kalimantan: Study on Hydrological Aspect
Authors: Segah H , Nomeritae  , Pitoyo D , Adiwijaya S , Damanik Z , Adam C , Rafsanjani M A , Simon O , Wirada F
Published: December 2024

Peat restoration for the issue of preventing land and forest fires in Peat Hydrological Unit (known as Kesatuan Hidrologis Gambut/KHG) Sebangau - Katingan is necessary to support the conservation function in Sebangau National Park and the buffer function outside the area for the wider community in the context of the Peat Hydrological Area. Restoration efforts are thought to have an impact on the environment, one of the aspects affected is the hydrological aspect. One indicator to determine the impact of restoration in an area is to look at the availability and sustainability of river water as reflected in the base flow parameters. In this research, flow characteristics in restored and non-restored areas will be reviewed using the flood hydrograph method. The hydrological study shows that the results of a comparison of the simulated discharge and the instantaneous measured discharge show that the restored area has a larger base flow compared to the non-restoration area. Extensive research on remote sensing technologies has been essential in examining the hydrological consequences of peat restoration, demonstrating notable enhancements in water retention and decreased carbon emissions.
Exploration of the Rhizosphere Fungi of Dayak Onion Plants (Eleutherine palmifolia) and Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica) as Biopesticides to Support Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Supriati L , Atikah T A , Pasaribu G S , Pandriyani  , Melhanah  , Surawija P
Published: December 2024

Dayak onion is one of the endemic plants of Central Kalimantan that has health benefits. Putri malu is a wild plant that grows abundantly in various places, in the roots of putri malu is known to contain useful microbes that act as PGPR. Information on microbes that act as biological controllers (biopesticides), especially fungi from the rhizosphere of Dayak and Putri malu onion plants, is still limited, as well as its ability to control this soil-borne pathogens, especially Sclerotium rolfsii. The purpose of the study was to explore fungi from rhizosphere the Dayak scallion plant and Putri malu which effectively control the soil-borne pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii. The research is quantitative descriptive with an exploratory method of fungi from the rhizosphere Dayak and Putri malu onion plants. The fungi from the exploration were identified and tested for their inhibition and effectiveness against the pathogenic fungus S. rolfsii. There were 5 fungal treatments tested, consisting of: T0 = No bio-controlling fungi (only S. rolfsii); T1 = Trichoderma sp. (origin of the rhizosphere of the shy princess plant); T2 = Trichoderma sp. (origin of the rhizosphere of the Putri malu plant); T3 = Trichoderma sp. (origin of the rhizosphere of Dayak onion plants); T4 = Trichoderma sp. (origin of the rhizosphere of Dayak onion plants). The results of the exploration obtained 4 biological control fungi identified as Trichoderma harzianum (T1), T. viride (T2) from the rhizosphere of Putri malu and T. koningii (T3), Trichoderma Rbd2 (T4) from the rhizosphere of Dayak onion plants. The four Trichoderma isolates showed an inhibition effectiveness of >60% against S. rolfsii with the inhibition category being very good, so it has the potential to be developed as a biopesticide.
Vegetation Diversity and Carbon Stock of the Benyawai-Salajaan Hills Forest Unit, Central Kalimantan
Authors: Toni H , Triyadi A , Liana T , Heriyanto N M , Mirmanto E
Published: December 2024

Lowland tropical rainforests are rich in biodiversity and maintain stable ecosystems. However, disturbances such as fires, natural disasters, and unsustainable logging can disrupt this stability. In Lamandau Regency, Central Kalimantan, the potential for forestry development is substantial, necessitating proper planning and implementation. This study aims to evaluate the structure, composition, biomass potential, and carbon content of forests in Benyawai and Salajaan Hills, which are proposed as Great Forest Parks (Tahura). These forests play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity, ecosystem preservation, and carbon sequestration. Research was conducted in July 2022, utilizing representative plots of 1 hectare each. The study area has a humid tropical climate with significant rainfall and diverse soil types. The research involved measuring tree diameters, heights, and species identification. Dominant species were determined based on importance value indices, and biomass and carbon content were calculated using established equations. The results showed a high species diversity with 58 species in Benyawai Hill and 47 in Salajaan Hill. Dominant species such as Ilex cymosa and Shorea laevis were identified. The forest stands displayed an inverted “J” curve typical of healthy forests, with a higher number of smaller diameter trees. Regeneration was evident, with species like Ilex cymosa and Shorea laevis present in all strata from seedlings to mature trees. Biomass and carbon content were significant, highlighting the forests’ potential in carbon sequestration. Proper management of these forests is essential for maintaining their role in mitigating climate change through CO2 absorption. This study provides baseline data crucial for future forest conservation and carbon trading regulations.
Political Leaders as Drivers of Environmental Justice: A Scientometric Analysis
Authors: Saputra Irwan Ade , Arsyad Armin , Nurlinah  , Rusli A. M. , Hasyim Asyari Amir Husni A.
Published: December 2024

Environmental justice has become a central issue in the global discourse on sustainable development and social welfare. Environmental justice focuses on the fair distribution of environmental burdens and access to natural resources among all groups in society. In the midst of these dynamics, the role of political leaders becomes crucial as agents of change capable of promoting environmental justice. This research aims to analyze the role of political leaders in promoting environmental justice through a bibliometric approach. The bibliometric method is used to identify research trends, scientific collaborations, and intellectual maps of relevant scientific works. This study collected data from the Scopus academic database. The data collected included articles, conferences, and other scientific documents published in the last decade. Subsequently, this data was analyzed using CiteSpace bibliometric software to identify patterns of collaboration between authors, institutions and countries, and to map the evolution of research topics related to environmental justice and the role of political leaders. The analysis shows a significant increase in the number of publications related to environmental justice, especially in the last five years. This reflects the increasing global attention to this issue. Analysis of co-citation and co-authorship reveals that research on environmental justice is dominated by international collaborations, with authors and institutions from the United States, Europe, and Asia being the most prolific. Some of the key themes emerging in the literature include environmental policy, public participation, and the role of regulation in promoting environmental justice. Furthermore, analyses show that political leaders play diverse roles in promoting environmental justice.
Tayade System Land Rights: The Concept of Unification of Customary Law and Indonesian Positive Law
Authors: Saharuddin  , Pide Andi Suriyaman M , Wahid Yunus , Arisaputra Muhammad Ilham , Aribah Dzikra Ridha Dwi , Sahabuddin Rahmi
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the Gorontalo customary law approach in the transfer of land rights through the Tayade system, which separates land rights and plant rights. In the context of Gorontalo, although there is no formal regulation that specifically regulates Tayade, this practice remains dominant. It creates legal uncertainty for land and plant owners due to the absence of definite legal rules used to separate the transfer of land rights from plants. This paper conducts a comparative analysis to evaluate the impact of the Tayade system on legal certainty, rights transfer mechanisms, land management principles, and the potential for social conflict with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach methods. The research seeks to offer practical solutions to harmonize the Tayade system with Indonesia’s land law framework through an analysis of the alignment between customary and positive Law. This research aims to guide Indonesian policymakers and stakeholders on practical approaches based on an analysis of Tayade practices to strengthen legal certainty and reduce potential conflicts in land rights management.
Directions for the mitigation of landslide-prone areas in the Jenelata Sub-watershed, Jeneberang Watershed, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Soma Andang Suryana , Chairunnisa Tri Aprilia , Rahmat Syaeful , Utari Nur Dwiyanti
Published: December 2024

The landslide that occurred on January 24, 2019, became the largest landslide in history in the Jenelata sub-watershed. This study aims to determine mitigation priorities by analyzing the characteristics of landscape escape around landslide-prone areas in the Jenelata Sub-watershed, Jeneberang Watershed. After learning the characteristics of landscape-lifescape, a spatial-AHP analysis was carried out to assess which programs are suitable for implementation in the Jenelata Sub Watershed, Jeneberang Watershed. On the basis on the results of the spatial-AHP analysis, the agroforestry system is a mitigation direction that can be carried out near all villages in the Jenelata Sub Watershed, with an area of 9788 hectares or 42% of the total area of the Jenelata Sub Watershed. In addition, agroforestry can promote soil and water conservation, with 382 hectares (2%), and protection, with 886 hectares or 4% of the total area of the Jenelata Sub Watershed. In addition, a merger can be made between each mitigation directive of 2444 hectares, or 11% of the total area of the Jenelata Sub Watershed, which can be adjusted to land needs, and the remaining 9424 hectares (41%) are unsuitable for mitigation activities.
The Infiltration Rate in Orange Grove (Citrus maxima) and Secondary Forest in the Segeri Watershed
Authors: Wahyuni  , Azizah Nurul
Published: December 2024

Large oranges are one of the leading commodities in the Pangkep area, South Sulawesi. However, farmers face challenges regarding water availability for watering orange plants. This is because the water in the soil cannot meet the water needs of citrus plants during the dry season. On the other hand, secondary forests have the potential and function to maintain environmental balance. One of the important functions of secondary forests is to provide water through the infiltration process in the hydrological cycle. This research aims to determine the physical properties of the soil and differences in infiltration rates using the Horton method in orange groves and secondary forests in the Segeri Watershed. The necessary data includes the RBI land cover map in the Segeri watershed to determine soil sampling locations, which are then tested in the laboratory to obtain values for bulk density, soil porosity, organic matter, permeability, and soil structure. The infiltration rate is then measured until it reaches a constant value in its decline. This research found the values of bulk density, soil porosity, permeability, organic matter, and soil texture class in orange groves, respectively, as 265 gr/cm³, 56.74%, 7.62 cm/hour, 1.85%, and sandy loam. Meanwhile, in secondary forests, these values were 218 gr/cm³, 58.47%, 7.87 cm/hour, 3.71%, and sandy clay loam. The average infiltration rate in orange groves is 12.1 cm/hour, while the average infiltration rate in secondary forests is 15 cm/hour.
Agroforestry Management Based on Theobroma Cacao in Bukit Harapan Village, Gantarang District, Bulukumba Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Makkasau Ahmad Rifqi , Rosyidah Ummi , Jeanesteen Michell
Published: December 2024

Agroforestry system is an integrated land management by combining timber crops and annual crops and or with a combination of livestock based on the principle of sustainability. Agroforestry intend to maintain the ecological function of the forest and increase farmers’ income. Generally, Indonesian people have implemented agroforestry systems on their land, especially farmers in South Sulawesi Province. One plant that is often cultivated by farmers in the research location is Cocoa in combination with multipurpose tree species, because Cocoa has tolerant properties so that it can grow well in the tree shade. Therefore, agroforestry system has an impact on land management carried out by farmers so that this study aims to analyze the form of agroforestry management and analyze agroforestry income, plant composition of farmers’ land in the research location. The method used was purposive sampling and structured interviews. Additional, tree measurements were conducted on community-owned agroforestry land to generate data on timber volume and canopy composition structure. Data analysis was done descriptively and quantitatively. The result showed that agroforestry management in Bukit Harapan Village with agrisilviculture and agrosilvopastura sub-systems with management starting from land preparation, seed selection, planting, plant maintenance to harvesting stage. There were 18 (eighteen) types of plants with canopy stratification on agroforestry land in the research location consists of 3 (three) kinds of strata namely B, C, and D. Addition, the planting patterns used by farmers are : fence planting pattern, row planting pattern, and random planting pattern. On average, the income received by the community is Rp. 16,455,164.00/Ha/year.
Analysis of lignin content and bioinformatics of lignin overexpression for the quality improvement of Candlenut wood (Aleurites moluccana)
Authors: Syahidah  , Larekeng Siti Halimah , Nur Muhammad Mimbar Maulana Adsyar
Published: December 2024

Wood is a valuable lignocellulosic resource used in construction, plywood, pulp, and paper. However, forest degradation makes obtaining high-quality wood for building materials challenging. Despite the generally lower quality, community candlenut woods show potential as an alternative commercial raw material. This study aimed to improve wood quality by engineering a biosynthetic pathway for chemical components, specifically through lignin overexpression using the 4CL gene in candlenut wood. The study examined the effects of different growing environments, particularly altitudes, on lignin content and primary design suitability. Tree samples from various heights were analysed for lignin content using chemical analysis. Candlenut DNA was separated and amplified using PCR with 4CL gene primers. Results showed an average lignin content of 18.4%, with no significant difference across different altitudes, classifying the lignin content as low. Due to unsuccessful amplification, the 4CL gene could not be used as a candidate for lignin enhancement in candlenut wood.
Mappatettong Ale’, Manno Salo, and Mattu’bang Ale’: Agriculture, Rituals, and Ecological Symbols in Baringeng, Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Mansyur Syahruddin , Ririmasse Marlon NR , Handoko Wuri , Hasrianti  , Fadillah Moh. Ali , Djindar Nur Ihsan , Naping Hamka , Hijjang Pawennari , Arifin Ansar
Published: December 2024

The forest, known as ale’ in the Bugis language, is integral to Bugis culture. In Lilirilau District, Soppeng Regency, Indonesia, the Baringeng community hosts a harvest thanksgiving ceremony involving forest-related rituals imbued with symbolic significance for maintaining human-nature harmony. This study elucidates the ceremony’s rituals and symbolism while documenting contemporary agricultural practices and responses to advancements. Methodologies include literature reviews, in-depth interviews, and participant observations. The study addresses: (1) the unique aspects of the Baringeng community’s harvest thanksgiving ceremony, focusing on the rituals of mappatettong alé, manno salo, and mattu’bang alé; (2) the symbolic meanings of these rituals, which honor the forest as nyawana linoe (the essence of nature) and water for its purifying properties; and (3) current agricultural conditions and community responses. The research concludes that the ceremony’s significance has waned due to societal changes and a focus on agricultural productivity, necessitating cultural interventions to preserve ecological wisdom for sustainable development.
Designing a Net-Zero Energy and Chemical-Free Wastewater Treatment Plant for a University Campus in Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Damián-Chalán Andreina , Daza-Donoso Pablo , Albuja-Sanchez Jorge
Published: December 2024

According to data from 2021, approximately 22% of the nationally distributed water in Ecuador enters wastewater treatment plants, while 52% of untreated water is directly discharged into water bodies, such as rivers. The traditional water treatment method is costly and prevents installation in rural areas and/or populations with less than 20,000 inhabitants. Therefore, the application of non-conventional and low-cost technologies for wastewater treatment would improve the statistics and quality of life of these populations. This design allows for the implementation of a net-zero energy and chemical-free Wastewater Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant (PWTP) on a university campus in Quito, Ecuador, which will include preliminary, primary, secondary, and treatments, providing a space for researchers to develop new technologies for secondary treatment based on low-cost, natural biological processes to improve the efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of wastewater.
Jurisprudence on sustainable development in Ecuador: an analysis of judicial rulings and environmental challenges
Authors: Saltos-Hidalgo Tatiana , Albuja-Urvina Gabriela , Mejía-Sandoval Alex Fabián , Gaon-Cajamarca Anthony
Published: December 2024

Sustainable development in Ecuador faces a significant challenge due to the lack of jurisprudence that integrates sustainability principles into judicial decisions, compounded by the prevalence of environmental conflicts and the absence of specific studies. This study aimed to analyze how Ecuadorian courts applied these principles in their rulings on protective actions resolved in the Northern Judicial Complex of Quito, to identify decision-making patterns and potential cognitive biases in the adjudication process. The analysis adopts both a quantitative and qualitative approach to 1,020 cases resolved in 2023. The systematic review considers the legal and environmental context, as well as a detailed examination of judicial rulings to assess the application of sustainable development principles. Cases were classified based on the dimensions of sustainable development to which the violated rights were linked. The results indicated that a total of 156 accepted cases directly declared the violation of economic, social, cultural, and environmental rights, with 1 case indirectly involving environmental protection. This represents 15.29% of the total reviewed cases and 56.32% of the accepted cases. Of the total, 98.72% were linked to the economic and social dimension, while only 1.28% corresponded to the environmental dimension of sustainable development. Ecuadorian courts demonstrate a low level of integration of sustainability dimensions in their rulings, hindering the progress of sustainable development in the country. The ambiguity in defining these principles increases judicial discretion and the likelihood of biases in decisions. Therefore, a more systematic approach and ongoing training are needed to help judges avoid biases in their rulings.
Impact of different types of rennet on sustainability and safety in cheese production
Authors: Buele Jorge , Villafuerte Michael , Paucar Steven , Lara-Calle Andrés
Published: December 2024

Cheese production, an ancient technique that has endured through the centuries, has evolved to incorporate a variety of coagulants, each with specific characteristics and applications. However, the industry now faces a sustainability-related challenge: the need to find ethical and efficient alternatives to calf rennet, as its use raises significant environmental concerns, as well as ethical and occupational health issues due to exposure to contaminants in the production environment. This study explores how different types of rennets (animal, vegetable, microbial, and recombinant) can contribute to a more sustainable, productive, and safer cheese production, adapting to the growing market demands for environmentally respectful practices. Through a methodology that included a literature review, the characteristics of these rennets and their effect on the organoleptic, microbiological, and productivity aspects of cheese production were identified and compared. The results indicated that, although calf rennet remains preferred for its coagulating properties, vegetable and microbial alternatives are gaining ground due to their adaptability, efficiency, and lower environmental impact. This diversification of rennet sources not only meets ethical, commercial, and food security demands but also affects the income of small producers by enabling more sustainable practices. However, more empirical research is needed to optimize these processes across different production contexts and enhance both productivity and sustainability.
High-temperature rearing affects the growth, survival, and reproduction of Melanotaenia ajamaruensis (Allen & Cross 1980)
Authors: Said D S , Tanjung L R , Triyanto  , Akhdiana I , Kadarini T
Published: December 2024

Melanotaenia ajamaruensis is an endemic rainbow fish in Lake Ajamaru, Papua, Indonesia. This ornamental fish has stunning coloration, but studies of its biological characteristics are still relatively limited. Endemic fish are susceptible to changes in environmental factors, such as temperature. This study examined the fish performance reared at ambient (25–26°C) and high temperature (31–32°C) for three periods between March 2021 and August 2022. The first period of research was carried out for 200 days using two-month-old juveniles, followed by a second period of 60 days, then continued with a third period to observe reproductive potential. The results revealed that the survival rate (SR) ranged from 67% to 100%. There was no significant difference in fish length growth (GR-L) or specific growth rate in length (SGR-L) between the two conditions. High temperatures lowered weight growth (GR-W) by 50–66.7% and SGR-W by 43.78-44%, decreased the quantity of vividly colored fish by 30% and rendered the fish unable to reproduce. However, this fish could breed after being kept at ambient temperature for six months despite having significantly inferior reproductive components. High temperatures have been shown to impede the weight growth and reproduction of M. ajamaruensis.
Size distribution, length-weight relationship and condition factors of sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Castelnau, 1855) which is an invasive species caught using spear gun in Lake Matano, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nasution S H , Safiuddin  , Akhdiana I , Wahyuddin  , Peruge J
Published: December 2024

Lake Matano is located in the Sorowako area including the ancient lake which is a tectonic lake that composes the Lake Malili complex. Found 14 species of fish endemic to Lake Matano. It is estimated that the alien fish species is Sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) have been entered into the waters of Lake Matano, which would threaten the existence of endemic fish inhabitants of Lake Matano. The purpose of this research is determining the size distribution, the length-weight relationship, and the condition factors of the Sailfin catfish. The research was conducted at Lake Matano in November 2020, January 2021, September 2021, May 2022 and December 2022 at eight locations by catching the fish by divers using spare guns. The results showed that the total length and weight in min-max on 2020 is 52-60 cm and 1050-1210 g, on Jan 2021 is 52-60 cm and 1000-1210 g, on September 2021 is 54-60 cm and 1020-1210 g, on Mei 2022 is 54-60 cm and 770-1240 g, and on December 2022 is 52-60 cm and 1000-1210 g. The growth pattern of the Sailfin catfish is allometric negative, the growth in length is faster than the growth in weight. Condition factors ranged from 1.0002–1.0059. Sailfin catfish were found along the edges of the fishing grounds and the most were found in January 2021 as many as 1000 individuals.
Zooplankton community structure in Batanghari riverine systems
Authors: Toruan R L , Nasution S H , Sukmono T , Kurniawan R , Imroatushshoolikhah  , Listyarini D
Published: December 2024

The Batanghari River flows from the province of West Sumatra into the West Coast of Jambi, covering a distance of approximately 870 km. Within the Batanghari watershed, diverse habitats have been recognized, including riverine channels, floodplains and oxbow lakes. These distinct habitats provide unique niches for a highly diverse aquatic biota, including zooplankton. This study focused on investigating the zooplankton community structures within the Batanghari riverine systems. The research employed a snapshot sampling methodology, in which each sampling station was visited and sampled for zooplankton community once during the study period in both April 2021 and September 2022. Zooplankton samples were obtained by filtering at least 100 litres of water from three different habitats: the main river channel, tributaries river dan oxbow lakes, using a 56-µm plankton net. Subsequently, the collected samples were preserved in 4% formaldehyde solution for further analysis. Zooplankton enumeration and identification were carried out using a compound light microscope and were grouped into three main zooplankton groups: copepods, cladocerans and rotifers. A total of 49 zooplankton species were identified from various habitats along the Batanghari River in which rotifers group were the most dominant taxa. Within this group, the Brachionidae family stood out as the most dominant across all type of habitats. No cladocerans were identified from the main river channels as these habitats are characterised by strong currents which can have unfavourable effect on cladocerans zooplankton. This group is adapted to a slower-moving section of the riverine environments, such as the floodplain and oxbow lakes. In these areas, a more diverse community of cladocerans and other microcrustacean, including copepods, were observed.
Assessing vertical chlorophyll-a distribution in Lake Batur: A spectrophotometric calibration of CTD data logger measurements
Authors: Rahmadya A , Kartini N L , Setiawan F , Rustini H A , Sunaryani A , Santoso A B , Nomosatryo S
Published: December 2024

One important ecological parameter in lake management is chlorophyll a. However, precise quantification of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations is crucial for ecological research and assessing water quality. Chlorophyll-a data measured using CTD still require calibration and cannot be directly utilized. This study presents a robust calibration method for Chl-a measurements obtained from CTD data loggers, enhancing data reliability. The observation was performed by conducting a series of calculations to determine the relationship between two chlorophyll-a concentrations measured from the spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods in Lake Batur. The result showed that the linear regression analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between Chl-a concentrations from both methods (R2=0.828). This relationship facilitated the correction of Chl-a measurements from the fluorometric method. Fluorometric measurements depict a gradual increase in chlorophyll-a concentration from the surface to the Secchi depth, followed by a decline to near-zero levels below 20 meters in Lake Batur. Examining the vertical distribution of Chl-a challenged conventional understanding, as Chl-a concentrations remained high below the euphotic depth. This anomaly may result due to this method still measuring Chl-a in dead phytoplankton, prompting further investigation. Moreover, calibrated Chl-a measurements were employed to assess Lake Batur’s trophic state, classifying it as meso-eutrophic to eutrophic based on Chl-a concentrations. This research contributes to enhancing data accuracy and promoting scientific understanding of aquatic environments, bridging the gap between data acquisition and ecological interpretation. These findings provide a foundation for policymaking in comprehensive lake management.
Correlation between population growth and land use change: a study in the catchment area of Singkarak Lake, West Sumatra
Authors: Hakim A M Y , Ridwansyah I , Sencaki D B
Published: December 2024

Many studies state that one of the anthropogenic impacts that directly affects the environment is population growth. Population growth is an undeniable and inevitable global phenomenon. It has significant implications for various aspects of human civilization and the environment, one of which is land use patterns. The relentless growth of the world’s population puts enormous pressure on the utilization and distribution of land resources. Along with demographic shifts in rural areas and accelerated urbanization, land use patterns undergo substantial transformation. Therefore, this study aims to measure the correlation between population growth and land use change using the Pearson correlation method. Data on the number of inhabitants was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics; meanwhile, the land use maps were obtained from the classification of Landsat 8 OLI satellite images that were processed in Google Earth Engine. The research location was carried out in the Catchment Area of Singkarak Lake, West Sumatra with a range of data use from 2013 to 2022 (10 years). The outcome indicated a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.979. This study ultimately reinforces the assertion regarding the strong correlation between population growth and land use change, particularly in the context of urban expansion.
Monitoring tools to support ecosystem restoration: Insight from limited data in a floodplain area
Authors: Yulianti M , Apip  , Verawati D
Published: December 2024

Generally, the importance of monitoring tools in watershed management, particularly ecosystem restoration strategies, has been widely recognized. However, fewer studies have been conducted in areas with limited data. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of restoration-associated projects linked to monitoring plan-based. First, we used a literature review to analyze various restoration projects developed in some countries. In most cases, the key to successfully implementing restoration strategies involves continued pre- and post-monitoring data. Next, we discuss a case study of developing restoration approaches in a floodplain area of the Batanghari watershed, Sumatra, Indonesia, with more data availability necessary. Our results highlighted that spatiotemporal analysis based on long-term hydrological data is one of the essential baselines required for sustainability management. Several improvements related to monitoring approaches need to be conducted in the Batanghari watershed, including an increase in the number of representative monitoring, time frames of monitoring (continuous and seasonal basis), automatization of monitoring methods, and strengthening community participation in monitoring through citizen science. To conserve or restore floodplain ecosystems, monitoring should be an essential component of the restoration strategies plan that needs to be integrated with the decision-making process in the context of watershed scale.
Shrinkage and decreasing of lake water levels in Laut Tawar Lake, Aceh Province
Authors: Azwir  , Azizah C , Satriawan H , Ernawita  , Ridwansyah I , Robo S
Published: December 2024

Cases of water level decrease and lake shrinkage have been found in almost every freshwater ecosystem. In Indonesia, Laut Tawar Lake in Upland Gayo, Indonesia, allegedly has experienced the shrinkage of surface area and water level decrease. This study aimed to identify the shrinkage area and water level decrease, and its driving force. We make use of the remote sensing data, which is processed by ArcMap Geographic Information System to capture the lake shrinkage and the land use dynamic surrounding the ecosystem. Land cover were captured by interpreting Landsat data, which we further calibrated and validated with approximately 119 ground checkpoints on the lakeside. For the water level analysis, we conducted field measurements of the water line from 41 measurement points surrounding the lake area. To analyze rainfall and temperature, we use Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data. Our study found approximately 2.4 percent or equal to 1.4 km2 of lake shrinkage in 35 years. Water level decrease occurs for 0.6 m and 1.3 m in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The shrinking was mainly caused by reclamation and sedimentation, while the water level decrease was mainly triggered by a massive reduction of water flow from rivers which reduced from 40 to 14 streams, accounting for 65% from previous years. These events were affected by land use change and temperature increase. This study offers a scientific finding to unravel the allegation of the shrinking of Laut Tawar Lake for lake conservation effort and environmental management in the future. Sustainable lake management was highly advised as part of conserving the study area as the biggest lake in Aceh Province.
Discovery of Yankaw in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines: Reported and literature review (1914-2022)
Authors: Sandoval K L , Marundan D M M , Silva N A
Published: December 2024

Yankaw, composed of Camachile or kamatsili (Pithecellobium dulce) branches, is used as traditional fishing gear which has been an essential tool to several freshwater activities in Laguna de Bay, specifically in Calamba City, Laguna. Despite its prominent use, there is still an insufficiency of published local information on Yankaw including the local knowledge of the fisherfolks, nor its etymology, biology, ecology, and history. The related data on Yankaw reported in different articles and documentary film from 1914-2022 were discussed, showing a wide dialogue of the local knowledge in the City of Calamba, Laguna. The available scientific information from 1914-2022 was summarized to obtain a general overview and identify key issues related to the etymology of Yankaw. The primary information used for analysis was the deep-rooted references gathered, the secondary information for conducting interviews was the recent documentary film. A total of 5 local names compared to Yankaw namely: (1) Rama (Northern Luzon), (2) Gango (Panay Island), (3) Pyromaia tuberculate (Central Visayas), (4) laktaw (Hispanic Tagalog Dictionary), and lastly (5) Yanka or Yenka (Hausa Dictionary). There was also diversity of plankton species in Yankaw Fish Garden that needs to verify for proper confirmation. This emphasizes the need to consider accounting for the historical accounts of Yankaw as a local knowledge in the Philippine National Museum which may significantly impact the country in preserving the history and traditional practices in the Philippines. Such insights are beneficial to the continuity of these practices for the future generations.
Transition of piezoresistive gauge factor tuned by lateral size in MoS2 and WS2 networks
Authors: Olaya-Cortes D , Navarrete C , Rubio T , Giraldo-Gallo P , Hernandez Y
Published: December 2024

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a family of layered two-dimensional materials which find great interest in fields such as medicine, energy conversion, water treatment, and electronics. Nevertheless, the interesting properties that arise as the number of layers is reduced, do not necessarily persist when the nanosheets are printed on substrates to form networks. Therefore, research on the networks and the influence of the nanosheets’ dimensions is valuable for scaling up prospects. It is known that strain alters the band structure of TMDs and also tune transitions between different crystal structures. The figure of merit that measures how much the resistivity changes when strain is applied is the gauge factor (GF). In networks, this is modeled as a sum of the nanosheet intrinsic GF and the change of the junction resistance between nanosheets due to strain. In this work we obtain the GF of devices printed on polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filters through their transport characteristics when applying uniaxial strain, both at a tensile and a compressive setup, by using a three-beam bending machine. We report a transition from a positive GF to a negative one, when applying uniaxial strain to WS2 networks as the lateral size increases, and a transition from negative GF to a positive one, when compression is applied to MoS2 networks as lateral size increases.
Examining the impacts of input factor application, production efficiency, and inefficiency model on maize yield: employing the stochastic frontier model in search of more efficient ways in managing maize farming
Authors: Salam Muslim , Amir Ayu Anisa , Tenriawaru A Nixia , Jamil Muhammad Hatta , Fudjaja Letty , Samma Muhammad An-Nashrullah K , Muslim Ahmad Imam , Ali Hamed Noralla Bakheet , Ridwan Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Maize is a significant food crop in Indonesia’s agricultural development endeavors. In South Sulawesi Province, Bantaeng Regency is one of the regencies that developed corn farming with a large land area. This study aimed to examine the impact of input application on maize yield and assess the degree of efficiency and inefficiency in maize farming. The study was conducted in Bantaeng Regency, utilizing a sample size of 180 households engaged in maize farming as the primary data collection method. The data collected was analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Cobb-Douglas Model, Technical Efficiency Analysis, Allocative Efficiency Analysis, Economic Efficiency Analysis, and Inefficiency Model. The findings indicated that the variables of land area, seed application, urea fertilizer, insecticide, and herbicide exhibited a significant positive impact on yields of maize. Conversely, the variable of NPK fertilizer had a significant negative impact. In the meantime, it is observed that the labor variable demonstrates a negative impact. The observed values in technical (0.544), allocative (1.840), and economic (1.001) suggest that maize cultivation has not attained technical, allocative, or economic efficiency. Meanwhile, it was also found that the variables significant positive to the technical inefficiency of maize farming are farming experience and education level. Therefore, in a short-term perspective, from a technical-managerial perspective, expanding the area of land under management, increasing the volume of seeds, urea fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides to the optimum use is the right choice and an effective way for farmers to increase maize production. On the local government side, reviewing the price of certified seeds, subsidizing the price of maize seeds, ensuring the availability of urea and NPK fertilizers, insecticides, and herbicides, and intensifying extension activities and technical guidance on maize cultivation are alternative agricultural policies that the government can implement to support the efficiency and effectiveness of maize farming management.
A dual-purpose novel converter for optimized hybrid energy system
Authors: Agrawal Nikhil , Agarwal Anshul , Kanumuri Tirupathiraju
Published: December 2024

In numerous countries, power shortages have become a significant issue due to the escalating demand for electricity, surpassing the capabilities of traditional energy generation methods. To address this challenge, there is a growing reliance on hybrid energy systems. These systems present a solution by integrating multiple energy sources, effectively meeting the load demand. However, conventional hybrid energy systems typically involve multiple power conversion stages and require multiple power converters, which increase energy losses and reduce overall system efficiency. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel single-stage dual-source converter for hybrid energy systems. The proposed converter serves a dual purpose by catering to both AC and DC loads. Unlike conventional systems, which require multiple conversion stages, this converter integrates the AC and DC nature of power sources into a single-stage solution. A control switching algorithm is designed to seamlessly switch between power sources enabling the use of either source independently or both simultaneously to ensure an uninterrupted power supply to the load. The proposed converter demonstrates versatility by seamlessly operating on AC source, DC source, or a combination of both. It dynamically adjusts its operating mode in response to fluctuations in power availability. This converter can operate as DC-AC converter, AC-DC converter, and can use AC and DC power directly with the help of a unique waveform. The converter with different operations has been analysed using MATLAB/Simulink software. The proposed converter demonstrated superior performance, achieving impressive THD of just 0.18% when powered solely by AC and 5.71% when powered by a mix of AC and DC. This proposed converter provides a promising approach with the potential to address the evolving needs of modern power systems. The proposed converter is suitable for renewable energy integration and applications in remote areas, where reliable and efficient power supply is critical.
Custom multi-component force transducer design using topology optimization
Authors: Kyun Sung Myung , Lee Soobum , Burns Devin Edward , Persia Jude Thaddeus
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes an innovative design framework for a multi-component force transducer subject to reversible load direction using topology optimization. Multi-component force transducers are used widely in industries ranging from robotics to healthcare. In this work, the proposed design framework is applied to a specific force transducer, a wind tunnel balance used within aeronautic ground testing. The axial component is one of the six components of the wind tunnel balance, and this component is difficult to design because the axial force is typically much smaller than other force components. This paper uses topology optimization to obtain a non-intuitive axial component design. To realize the design requirements, a new design formulation is suggested to amplify the gauge reading under a small axial loading and to suppress the gauge reading under nonaxial loadings. Prototypes are manufactured and their performances are experimentally verified. The proposed framework can be applied to any type of force transducer that needs to amplify a response from a certain force and to suppress the other responses.
Ubiquitin-mediated recruitment of the ATG9A-ATG2 lipid transfer complex drives clearance of phosphorylated p62 aggregates
Authors: Broadbent David G , McEwan Colten M , Jayatunge Dasun , Kaminsky Emily G , Tsang Tsz-Min , Poole Daniel M , Naylor Bradley C , Price John C , Schmidt Jens C , Andersen Josh L
Published: December 2024

Autophagy is an essential cellular recycling process that maintains protein and organelle homeostasis. ATG9A vesicle recruitment is a critical early step in autophagy to initiate autophagosome biogenesis. The mechanisms of ATG9A vesicle recruitment are best understood in the context of starvation-induced nonselective autophagy, whereas less is known about the signals driving ATG9A vesicle recruitment to autophagy initiation sites in the absence of nutrient stress. Here we demonstrate that loss of ATG9A, or the lipid transfer protein ATG2, leads to the accumulation of phosphorylated p62 aggregates in nutrient replete conditions. Furthermore, we show that p62 degradation requires the lipid scramblase activity of ATG9A. Last, we present evidence that polyubiquitin is an essential signal that recruits ATG9A and mediates autophagy foci assembly in nutrient replete cells. Together, our data support a ubiquitin-driven model of ATG9A recruitment and autophagosome formation during basal autophagy.
Traveling-wave chemotaxis of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells
Authors: Ishida Motohiko , Uwamichi Masahito , Nakajima Akihiko , Sawai Satoshi
Published: December 2024

The question of how changes in chemoattractant concentration translate into the chemotactic response of immune cells serves as a paradigm for the quantitative understanding of how cells perceive and process temporal and spatial information. Here, using a microfluidic approach, we analyzed the migration of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells to a traveling wave of the chemoattractants N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). We found that under a pulsatile wave that travels at a speed of 95 and 170 µm/min, cells move forward in the front of the wave but slow down and randomly orient at the back due to temporal decrease in the attractant concentration. Under a slower wave, cells reorient and migrate at the back of the wave; thus, cell displacement is canceled out or even becomes negative as cells chase the receding wave. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based analysis indicated that these patterns of movement correlated well with spatiotemporal changes in Cdc42 activity. Furthermore, pharmacological perturbations showed that (re)orientation in front and back of the wave had different susceptibility to Cdc42 and ROCK inhibition. These results suggest that pulsatile attractant waves may recruit or disperse neutrophils, depending on their speed and degree of cell polarization.
STCGAN: a novel cycle-consistent generative adversarial network for spatial transcriptomics cellular deconvolution
Authors: Wang Bo , Long Yahui , Bai Yuting , Luo Jiawei , Keong Kwoh Chee
Published: December 2024

Motivation

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies have revolutionized our ability to map gene expression patterns within native tissue context, providing unprecedented insights into tissue architecture and cellular heterogeneity. However, accurately deconvolving cell-type compositions from ST spots remains challenging due to the sparse and averaged nature of ST data, which is essential for accurately depicting tissue architecture. While numerous computational methods have been developed for cell-type deconvolution and spatial distribution reconstruction, most fail to capture tissue complexity at the single-cell level, thereby limiting their applicability in practical scenarios.

Results

To this end, we propose a novel cycle-consistent generative adversarial network named STCGAN for cellular deconvolution in spatial transcriptomic. STCGAN first employs a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CGAN) to pre-train on ST data, ensuring that both the mapping from ST data to latent space and its reverse mapping are consistent, capturing complex spatial gene expression patterns and learning robust latent representations. Based on the learned representation, STCGAN then optimizes a trainable cell-to-spot mapping matrix to integrate scRNA-seq data with ST data, accurately estimating cellular composition within each capture spot and effectively reconstructing the spatial distribution of cells across the tissue. To further enhance deconvolution accuracy, we incorporate spatial-aware regularization that ensures accurate cellular distribution reconstruction within the spatial context. Benchmarking against seven state-of-the-art methods on five simulated and real datasets from various tissues, STCGAN consistently delivers superior cell-type deconvolution performance.

Availability

The code of STCGAN can be downloaded from https://github.com/cs-wangbo/STCGAN and all the mentioned datasets are available on Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10799113.