bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study to assess the effectiveness of foot massage on reduction of cancer pain among palliative care patients
Authors: Tamilselvi S  , Iyeswariya K
Published: October 2019

Pain is an unpalatable sensory and emotional in contact with actual or potential tissue damage. Approximately 70% to 90% of people with cancer suffer with severe pain while undergoing treatment. Cancer pain can result due to poor blood circulation, a bone fracture that occurs due to metastasis, infection or inflammation in the affected part and side effects from cancer treatments. Hence the present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of foot massage on reduction of cancer pain among palliative care patients. The quasi-experimental design was employed with40 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. The researcher collected the demographic variables and done pre-test to assess the pain score by using a numerical pain scale for both the experimental group and the control group. For the experimental group, foot massage was given twice a day for five days. Control group received routine care. At the end of the fifth-day, post-test was done for both the experimental group and the control group. The data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The calculated ‘t’ value is reveals that the experimental group seems to be highly significant than the control group. So foot massage is effective among cancer patients on the reduction of pain.
Assessing quality of life among sample of iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mirna K. Faiq  , Dheyaa J. Kadhim  , Faiq I. Gorial
Published: October 2019

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the common chronic disease, which lead to great disability and chronic pain, and has a main adverse economic and social effect upon patients. The reason for the addition of quality of life as a pointer for health outcome result is attributed to the affectability of this measure for the evaluation of patient's health status after taken treatment and its health outcome. The purpose of the current study was to assess quality of life among a sample of Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to determine the possible association between health’s related quality of life and some patient-certain factors. This study is a cross-sectional study carried out on 250 already diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients who attended Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City/Rheumatology department. The mean age of the patients was (50.8 ± 13.1 years). The Arabic version of the (WHOQOL-BREF) Questionnaire was used to measure Quality of life. The results of the current study showed that rheumatoid arthritis has a significant effect on the quality of life of patients. The mean of the total quality of life score was 46.9 ± 9.7.  Older age was associated with the reduced psychological and environmental score. Female patients had high physical and psychological score compared to male patients. Higher education levels worked patients directly predict the elevated quality of life score. High disease activity associated with low quality of life score. Future studies should investigate how interventional approaches addressing these predictors may lead to improve quality of life among rheumatoid arthritis patients and their impression on disease control.
Controlling of oral pathogens using ginger oleoresin mediated silver nanoparticles
Authors: Karthikeyan Gayathri  , Anitha Roy  , Thangavelu Lakshmi  , Rajeshkumar S
Published: October 2019

Silver nanoparticles have become a substance of great interest among researches in the present time due to its low cost and its wide range of applications in various fields. Moreover, recently, green nanotechnology has been gaining popularity because of its exclusion of damaging reagents and cost-effectiveness. In this study, ginger oleoresin mediated silver nanoparticles were prepared and confirmed with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The ginger oleoresin mediated silver nanoparticles were then tested for its antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The antimicrobial sensitivity was found to be highest against Streotococcus mutans among the test organisms. Silver nanoparticle synthesised using natural substances can be used in control of oral pathogens.
Identifikasi Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) Berdasarkan Kriteria STOPP START pada Pasien Geriatri Rawat Inap di RS Advent Bandar Lampung
Authors: Juliha Siti
Published: October 2019

Identifikasi peresepan obat pada populasi geriatri sangat penting untuk terus dilakukan karena peresepan yang membahayakan pada populasi ini akan berasosiasi dengan peningkatan morbiditas, terjadinya kejadian yang tidak diinginkan terkait obat, dan mortalitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi PIM (Potentially Inappropriate Medication) pada pasien geriatri rawat inap di RS Advent Bandar Lampung pada tahun 2016 berdasarkan Kriteria STOPP START. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh rekam medik pasien geriatric yang berobat rawat inap di RS Advent Bandar Lampung tahun 2016 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 72 rekam medik. Uji statistic yang digunakan adalah  uji Chi square. Identifikasi penggunaan PIM disesuaikan dengan criteria STOPP START. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan tiga jenis PIM terbanyak pada pengobatan pasien geritari di RS Advent Bandar Lampung adalah tidak digunakannya statin pada pasien yang memiliki riwayat penyakit jantung koroner dan cerebral vascular disease (51,28%), adanya duplikasi kelas obat (17,95%), dan penggunaan benzodiazepine pada pasien yang berisiko jatuh (11,43%).  Analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan secara bermakna antara kejadian PIM dengan jenis kelamin, usia, jumlah obat yang diberikan, komorbid, dan lama rawat.
Attitude control and determination algorithms for the spacecraft with two flexible appendages
Authors: Ivanov D. S. , Meus S. V. , Nuralieva A. B. , Ovchinnikov A. V. , Ovchinnikov M. Yu. , Roldugin D. S. , Tkachev S. S. , Shestoperov A. I. , Shestakov S. A. , Yakimov E. N.
Published: October 2019

The paper covers the attitude control and determination algorithms of the satellite equipped with two flexible appendages. One of the appendages is an antenna. It is connected to the satellite bus inelastically. The antenna itself is a major disturbance factor. Its dimensions by far exceed the dimensions of the bus, and the eigen frequencies of the antenna oscillations are low. The second appendage is a solar panel. The spacecraft moves on the geostationary orbit. The panel is connected via the one degree of freedom hinge. It rotates with the constant rate to provide continuous solar panel attitude towards the Sun. Attitude control and determination is achieved with the hardware installed on the satellite bus only. Moreover, the oscillations of the flexible elements have no natural damping. The control and determination algorithms are provided that stabilize the satellite bus and reduce the flexible appendages oscillations alongside. Special control algorithm is proposed that does not excite the oscillations and lowers the computational burden on the onboard computer. Different eigen forms are considered to represent the error in the appendages models.
LA DETERMINACIÓN DE LA RELACIÓN DE TRABAJO. RECOMENDACIÓN N. 198 DE OIT Y SU IMPACTO EN LA JURISPRUDENCIA URUGUAYA
Authors: Rossi Albert Rosina
Published: October 2019

RESUMEN: La “relación de trabajo o servicio” constituye ámbito de aplicación del estatuto protector del Derecho del Trabajo en Uruguay. Este concepto carece de definición legal. El presente abordaje apunta a determinar la vigencia de los supuestos normativos clásicos elaborados por la dogmática y la jurisprudencia para definirla. Para ello, analiza los fundamentos de hecho y la jurisprudencia de otrora. Aborda el contenido y valor jurídico de la Recomendación n. 198 de OIT y su impacto en la jurisprudencia. Finalmente, arriesga vislumbrar una nueva tendencia jurisprudencial que se apega a ella comosupuesto normativo.
EL ORDEN JURISDICCIONAL COMPETENTE Y EL RÉGIMEN PROCESAL EN LAS ACCIONES DE REPARACIÓN DE DAÑOS DERIVADOS DE ACCIDENTES Y ENFERMEDADES DEL TRABAJO FUNDADAS EN EL DERECHO CIVIL. EL CASO ARGENTINO
Authors: Zas Oscar
Published: October 2019

El estudio procura dilucidar la competencia jurisdiccional en las acciones judiciales incoadas en Argentina para reclamar indemnizaciones por daños derivados de accidentes e enfermedades del trabajo, con fundamento en el Derecho Civil. El texto intenta demostrar que el orden jurídico constitucional argentino y el orden jurídico internacional convencional aplicable en esepaís determinan la competencia de la Justicia del Trabajo especializada, y la aplicación de las normas procesales laborales. En consecuencia, el estudio considera inválidas las reglas legales recientes que atribuyen la competencia a la Justicia Nacional en lo Civil para este tipo de acciones judiciales.
PRINCÍPIOS DO DIREITO PROCESSUAL DO TRABALHO. REFLEXÕES EM FACE DO NOVO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL
Authors: José Macêdo de Britto Pereira Ricardo
Published: October 2019

O propósito deste artigo é discorrer sobre os princípios do Direito Processual do Trabalho, considerando a possível incidência do novo Código de Processo Civil no âmbito processual trabalhista. Com a constitucionalização do direito, a análise das possíveis implicações do novo código na seara laboral não deve resultar do confronto direto entre esses dois ramos, mas ser mediada pelo texto constitucional. É fundamental que a nova ordem contribua para o acesso aos direitos de forma efetiva e célere. A autonomia do Direito Processual do Trabalho na atualidade depende muito mais de sua consolidação como instrumento para a realização dos valores constitucionais do que de seu distanciamento do Direito Processual Civil.
LA PROMOCIÓN DE LA LIBERTAD SINDICAL DESDE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DEL TRABAJO: UN ANÁLISIS COMPARADO
Authors: Barretto Ghione Hugo
Published: October 2019

El objetivo del presente artigo es estudiar la promoción de la libertad sindical desde la Administración del Trabajo en el Derecho Comparado. En primer lugar son presentados los límites y complejidades del análisis comparado, y se hacen reflexiones sobre la significación de la libertad sindical y la actuación de la Administración del Trabajo en esa materia. Después, son analizadas las medidas de promoción de la libertad sindical en el Derecho comparado, como la facilitación del reconocimiento sindical y de los procedimientos de negociación. Finalmente, se concluye que no es suficiente solamente una modificación legislativa promotora da la libertad sindical, pero también que tales normas sean de hecho activadas por los operadores jurídicos. Además es necesario distinguir entre el intervencionismo estatal que resulta obstructor de la libertad sindical y el intervencionismo necesario para proteger a los trabajadores y garantizar condiciones de equilibrio real entre los que negocian.
Analysis for Stabilization of Soil Slope in Silty Soil with Replacement of Soil Cement
Authors: Zohair Muhammad , Mangnejo Dildar Ali , Mangi Naeem
Published: October 2019

The slope instability may result due to change in stress conditions, rise in groundwater and rainfall. Similarly, many slopes that have been stable for many years may suddenly fail due to loss of soil shear strength, and external forces. This is a crucial problem as it may destroy buildings, damage roads, and even leads to loss of human life. So it is imperative to understand failure mechanism and adopt safety measures to prevent such failures. The objective of this study is to analyze the slope at different angles (at 300, 350, 450 & 600 ) in silty soil and propose a method to stabilize it. The proposed methods to stabilize the existing slope are replacing soil-cement (7% by weight) by vertical layering and layering along the slope. Limit equilibrium method was used to analyze the slopes. The existing slopes were likely to be failed because values of minimum FOS was computed less than 1.5. The FOS improved significantly after replacing soil cement by both methods. Among the two methods, it was revealed that the layering along slope method of soil replacement was most economical and easy to be executed at the site.
Elaboration of an Analytical Formula for the Calculation of the Surface Temperature
Authors: Mammeri Abdelhamid , Lallam Mostefa
Published: October 2019

Pavement structures are sometimes subject to repeated dimensional variations of thermal origin generating mechanical stresses that may be detrimental to their durability. Among the most frequently observed degradations, by these stress, are the transverse cracks whose frequency, depth, and variable openings reduce the ride comfort. In this context, where such solicitations are preponderant and the strong variation is noticed on the surface, an analytical approach for calculating the surface temperature of a flexible pavement has been proposed. This approach is able to deal with the transient thermal problem including the phenomenon of ambient temperature and the influx of solar flux specifically for arid regions where the sky is often clear. This approach is adopted because it proposes a simplified calculation of the surface temperature. The model was built on a database measured on the experimental pavement of the laboratory of Egletons GEMH (France), using the calculation code Eureqa formulate. Although neglected in the domain's literature, the meteorological parameters (air temperature and solar flux) are taken into consideration in the analytic function because they give good prediction. The model has practical meanings to predicting the maximum, minimum, and amplitude of the pavement surface temperature. Hence, a good surface temperature assessment provides a key factor for further thermal cracking modeling.
TÜRK DEMOKRASİ SÜRECİNDE MUŞ’TA REFERANDUM VE YEREL SEÇİMLER (1980-2019): ETKİLER VE SONUÇLAR
Authors: KOÇ Yunus
Published: October 2019

﻿Türk
demokrasi tarihi yaşanmış tarihsel tecrübelerin etkisiyle gelişim göstermiştir.
Bu tarihsel tecrübeler demokrasinin inişli çıkışlı bir seyir izlemesine neden
olmuştur. Kimi zaman demokrasi için itici dalga, kimi zaman ise demokratik
koşulları sekteye uğratan, önleyen ters dalga şeklinde karşımıza çıkmıştır. Bu
bağlamda siyasi yasakların kaldırılmasına yönelik 1987 referandumu ve askeri
yönetimin gölgesi altında gerçekleşmeyen seçimler demokratik dalga, 1980 askeri
darbesi ve 28 Şubat e-muhtırası ters dalga olarak dikkat çekicidir. Türk
demokrasi tarihinde belirleyici olan tarihsel tecrübelerin Türkiye genelindeki
çıktıları ile yereldeki çıktıları arasında bezerlikler ve farklılıklar olmuştur.
Bu perspektifle 1980-2019 yılları arasında referandum ve yerel seçimlerden yola
çıkarak Muş ilinde demokrasi sınavı, Türkiye geneli ile karşılaştırmalı ele
alınarak anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.
TÜRK-İSRAİL İLİŞKİLERİ VE FİLİSTİN
Authors: KAYA Mehmet
Published: October 2019

﻿Yahudiler “İbrani” adıyla M.Ö 1010-970
yılları arasında Filistin’de bir devlet kurmuşlardır. Ancak, çeşitli
milletlerin istilasına maruz kalan Yahudiler buradan ayrılıp, dünyanın çeşitli
bölgelerine göç etmişlerdir. 19. Yüzyılın sonlarında Yahudiler, Filistin topraklarında
devlet kurma fikrini ortaya atıp, satın alma yoluyla Osmanlı Devleti’nden bu
bölgede toprak talep etmişlerdir. Ancak II. Abdülhamid’in karşı çıkmasıyla
istekleri olmamıştır. Bu aşamadan sonra Yahudiler, dünyanın çeşitli
bölgelerinden Filistin topraklarına göç etmeye başlamışlardır.

I. Dünya savaşı sırasında İngiltere Dışişleri
Bakanı, kendi adını taşıyan Balfour Deklerasyonu’nu 2.11.1917’de yayımlayarak Yahudilere
Filistin’de bir devlet kurma sözünü vermiştir. Başta ABD, SSCB olmak üzere
diğer Avrupa devletleri de buna destek vermişlerdir. Bunun üzerine dünyanın
çeşitli bölgelerinde bulunan Yahudiler, Filistin’e bilinçli bir şekilde
yerleştirilmişlerdir.

Yahudiler, II. Dünya savaşında Nazi zulmüne
maruz kalınca, bu bölgede devlet kurma çalışmalarını hızlandırmışlardır.
İsrail, 28 Mayıs 1948’de bağımsızlığını ilan etmiş ve birçok Avrupa devleti de
İsrail’i tanımıştır. Türkiye ise başta kabul etmemekle birlikte izlediği Batı
yanlısı dış politika nedeniyle bir yıl sonra İsrail Devleti’nin bağımsızlığını
kabul etmiştir.
Brecha Digital Regional: Una oportunidad para aliar esfuerzos
Authors: Díaz Julia , Ramírez Catalina , Duarte Diana , Caicedo Luis C. , Guzmán Laura , Payan Luisa , Arias Janneth , Pacheco Nicolas , Ríos Juan P. , Martínez Diego
Published: October 2019

En un contexto de vertiginosos cambios digitales se torna indispensable reflexionar y actuar al respecto de la equidad en términos de la tecnología. El presente artículo presenta un análisis bibliográfico con las principales tendencias y una propuesta para considerar aspectos para reducir la brecha digital en países como Colombia, y de esta manera desarrollar habilidades y competencias que le apuesten a un cambio social e inclusivo.
Effect of Local Microorganism Utilization to Increase Productivity of Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.)
Authors: Faiza Lucky Lia , Arifin Poppy F. , Nurcholis Waras , Ridwan Taufik , Darusman Latifah K , Susilowidodo Raphael Aswin , Wisastra Rosalina
Published: October 2019

The quality of javanese turmeric as one of the most widely use herb in Indonesian traditional medicine, is often ignored and unoptimized. Therefore, research on Javanese turmeric cultivation become critical to be performed.One of crucial aspect is sufficiency of water and nutrients to increase rhizome productivity during vegetative period. Therefore, fertilization plays an important role in increasing soil macronutrients content and ultimately enhance Javanese turmeric’s quality.The aim of this research is to determine the potential  of addition  local microorganism (LMO) solution as an  organic fertilizer on rhizome production and bioactive content of Javanese Turmeric .

The research on LMO application for Javanese turmeric plantation was conducted at Soho Center of Excellence in Herbal Research (SCEHR). LMO was made by utilizing local waste of snail and fruits collected from around plantation area. Three different groups of treatment were applied, one group as a control and  two groups were treated by additional LMO along vegetative period. The measured parameters were weight of rhizome, curcuminoid and xanthorrhizol levels. The results showed that LMO addition to the regular fertilization able to increase Javanese turmeric productivity and shorten both vegetative and generative period of time while maintain its quality. It can be  concluded that LMO application is also good approach for both field, Javanese turmeric agriculture and natural medicine.
Characterization of Ethanol Extract from Agarwood (Aquilaria microcarpa Baill.) Leaf
Authors: Rahmanto Beny , Halwany Wawan , Lestari Fajar , Anwar Khoerul , Triyasmono Liling , Rizki Muhammad Ikhwan , Turjaman Maman
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research is to determine the specific and non-specific parameter from ethanolic extract of A. microcarpa. Specific parameters such as the organoleptic properties, content of water and ethanol soluble compound, and chhromatogram profile of the extract. In contrast, the non-specific parameter includes drying losses, ash levels, microbiological contamination levels, and heavy metal contamination levels. The results showed that the organoleptic properties of ethanolic extract of A. microcarpa was thick, blackish brown color, bitter taste and have distinctive odor. The average content of water-soluble compounds of 66.93%, ethanol-soluble of 47.97%, and chromatogram profile with Rf 0.636. The non-specific parameters results were drying losses of 5.50%, total ash content of 3.73%, acid-insoluble ash of 2.13%, microbial contamination testing results of 1.2x102-5.5x103 colonies/g, and total mold/ yeast contaminants of 10-100 colonies/g. Heavy metal contamination Pb levels and Cd levels were 5.47 mg/kg and 0.19 mg/kg respectively. These studies suggested that the observed specific and non-specific parameters may be helpful for establishing pharmacopoeia standards of A. microcarpa and to ensure uniformity of extract effect.
PENGARUH INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET (IOS) DAN MEKANISME CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN LQ45 TAHUN 2015-2017
Authors: Juarsa Jerry , Kosim Abu , Meirawati Eka
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to examine how the effect of the Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) and the Mechanism of Corporate Governance on LQ45 Company Values for 2015-2017. This type of research is quantitative. The sample selection were conducted by the purpose sampling method. The number of samples used was 13 companies with observations for 3 years. Data were analyzed with using the multiple linear regression. The results of the study showed that the Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) had an effect on company value and corporate governance mechanisms proxied by the audit committee, independent board of commissioners, institutional ownership and managerial ownership did not affect LQ45 company value.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN RETURN ON ASSETS TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Jefri Jefri , Khoiriyah Yaumil
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research was to prove empirically the factors affecting the good corporate governance and the return on assets onthe tax avoidance of the manufacturing companies indexed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2014-2016. The independent variables of this research werethe institutional ownership, the managerial ownership, the proportion of independent board of Commissioners, the audit committee, the audit quality, the return on assets; while, the dependent variable of this research wasthe tax avoidance. The data collectingtechnique used in this research was the purposive sampling. The number of sample used in this research was 57 manufacturing companies indexed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2016. The data analysis technique used in this research was the multiple linear regressionby using IBM SPSS Version 20 program. The result of this research showed that the managerial ownership, the audit quality, and the return on assets affected the tax avoidance; while, the institutional ownership, the proportion of independent board of commissioners, and theaudit committee did not have any effect on the tax avoidance
PAJAK DAERAH DAN RETRIBUSI DAERAH PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG: SEBUAH ANALISIS
Authors: Syamsul Syamsul
Published: October 2019

This study aims to evaluate local own income (PAD) by focusing on two main components, namely local tax and local retribution. This research was conducted at the Local Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) of Parigi Moutong County Government. The data used is data on PAD realization in 2013-2017. The results of the analysis show that the average growth rate and the contribution of local taxes and local retributions to PAD are still low (developing). This information can be used as a reference for policymakers related to the management of regional taxes and regional retributions in the future. Moreover, the results of this study can also be used as a reference for further research.
Leader Effect and Return Stock Market
Authors: Effendi Kharisya Ayu , Nugraha Nugraha
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the election of Jokowi as the country's leader (president) can affect the stock price return of the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI). The data used in this research is secondary data. Data comes from historical JCI. The data taken is daily data for 12 months before and after Jokowi was appointed president. The data analysis technique used is one t-test sample used to test the first hypothesis and the paired samplest t test was used to test the second hypothesis in this study. The results in testing the paired sample there is no difference in the return of stock prices in the era before and after Jokowi became president.
The Role of Green Intellectual Capital on Competitive Advantage: Evidence from Balinese Financial Institution
Authors: Susandya Anak Agung Putu Gede Bagus Arie , Kumalasari Putu Diah , Manuari Ida Ayu Ratih
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of green intellectual capital on competitive advantage of Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (Balinese Financial Institution). The study tested by using data collected from a sample of 120 respondents that were randomly picked from 35 Lembaga Perkreditan Desa in Denpasar. Findings suggested that green human capital, green relational capital, and green structural capital affect competitive advantage at 17.6%. This study has found that green human capital, green relational capital, and green structural capital have an effect on competitive advantage. Furthermore, green human capital and green structural capital had positive effect on competitive advantage. Meanwhile, green relational capital had no effect on competitive advantage. The ecofriendly concept remains a critical factor to gain company's competitive advantage. This study provides insight into green innovation research field.
The Effect of Service Quality, Physical Environment and Restaurant Images on Consumer Satisfaction through Perception of Value
Authors: Sayuti Jalaludin , Setiawan Heri
Published: October 2019

This research uses a quantitative approach using numbers, starting from data collection, data interpretation, and discussion of the results of the analysis. This type of research is causal research, which is research that shows the causal relationship between independent variables on the dependent variable in addition to measuring the strength of the relationship between these variables through hypothesis testing. The research method used in this study is a survey method. The population in this study are consumers who have enjoyed food in local restaurants in Palembang. The type of sampling used is purposive sampling. To meet the minimum requirements for a path analysis tool, 240 study respondents were taken with the provisions of the selection of consumers who have enjoyed food at a local restaurant in Palembang with certain considerations. The results show that service quality and restaurant image, both have a linear relationship with perceived value, while physical environment is found to have no effect on perceived value. It is also found that service quality, physical environment, restaurant image and perceived value, all have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction.
Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Blocker Adalimumab in Experimental Brain Injury
Authors: GÜNAL Mehmet Yalçın , CANKAYA Seyda , TONUK Sukru Burak , OZDEMİR Ekrem Musa , SAYIN SAKUL Ayse Arzu
Published: October 2019

Aim: We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of adalimumab based on the hypothesis that "TNF-alpha inhibitor Adalimumab may affect inflammation-related neuronal injury due to its anti-inflammatory effect". Methods: To investigate the effects of Adalimumab, we induced brain injury in mice using a cold trauma model and evaluated the underlying cell survival/ death mechanisms via cresyl violet and calculated infarct/edema volume with image analyze system. Results: Although our data indicated a tendency to decreased infarct and edema volume, these findings are not significant statistically. 

Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the neuroprotective effect of Adalimumab on injured neurons.
Hydro-epidemiological aspects of infectious agent indication in mollusks (review)
Authors: Blokhin A. A. , Toropova N. N. , Zakharova O. I. , Burova O. A.
Published: October 2019

The article presents the rationale for the use of hydro-epidemiology in assessing the risk of spreading water-related in-fectious diseases of animals. The authors distinguish six hydro-epidemiological groups of diseases: 1) water is the medium of pathogen accumulation; 2) water is the medium for transmission of the infection pathogen without its biological accumula-tion; 3) the development cycle of the causative agent is directly related to water and aquatic organisms; 4) diseases transmitted by insects having water-related development cycle; 5) diseases transmitted by aquatic and near-water vertebrates; 6) diseases of reservoir inhabitants. At the same time, it is shown that the aquatic filter-feeding bivalves (mollusks) accumulate in them-selves various pathogenic microorganisms, which are the causative agents of infectious diseases of both man and animals. Thus, mollusks can serve as a test object for hydro-epidemiological study in assessing the risk of infectious diseases dissemi-nation in water area and near-water complex as well as in using them directly for food.
Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Revisi Sebagai Solusi Alternatif Pendidikan Di Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Darise Gina Nurvina
Published: October 2019

AbstrakDisrupsi teknologi, khususnya teknologi informasi telah mewarnai revolusi industri 4.0 sehingga mendorong perubahan kebutuhan dan perkembangan masyarakat dalam bidang kehidupan, termasuk pendidikan. Hal ini merupakan salah satu pemicu perlunya dilakukan revisi terhadap kurikulum 2013 sebagai antisipasi perkembangan dan kebutuhan abad 21. Kurikulum 2013 Revisi merupakan wujud penyempurnaan kurikulum yang berbasis karakter sekaligus berbasis kompetensi. Dalam implementasinya,kurikulum 2013 Revisi menuntut guru untuk mengembangkan pembelajaran dengan mengintegrasikan empat hal penting, yaitu Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter (PPK), Literasi, Keterampilan Abad ke-21 (4C) dan Higher Order Thingking Skill (HOTS).Kata kunci: Revolusi Industri 4.0; Kurikulum 2013 AbstractDisruption of technology, especially information technology has colored the industrial revolution 4.0 so that it encourages changes in the needs and development of society in the field of life, including education. This is one of the triggers for the revision of the 2013 curriculum in anticipation of 21st century development and needs. 2013 Curriculum Revision is a form of perfecting a character-based and competency-based curriculum. In its implementation, the 2013 Revised curriculum requires teachers to develop learning by integrating four important things, namely Strengthening Character Education (SCE), Literacy, 21st Century Skills (4C) and Higher Order Thingking Skills (HOTS).Keywords: The industrial revolution 4.0; 2013 Curriculum
Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam Multikultural
Authors: Khozin Ahmad
Published: October 2019

AbstrakBanyaknya konflik maupun ungkapan-ungkapan rasis yang sering terjadi di Indonesia merupakan bukti bahwa dalam lingkaran sosial bangsa Indonesia masih kokoh semangat narsistik-egosentrisnya dan betapa rapuhnya konstruksi kebangsaan berbasis multikulturalisme di Indonesia. Sehingga tidak heran kalau belakangan ini rasa kebersamaan sudah tidak nampak lagi dan nilai-nilai kebudayaan yang dibangun menjadi terberangus.Maka, untuk mengatasi problematika tersebut diperlukan strategi khusus untuk memecahkan persoalan tersebut melalui berbagai bidang; sosial, ekonomi, budaya, dan pendidikan. Berkaitan dengan hal ini, maka pendidikan multikultural menawarkan satu alternatif melalui penerapan strategi dan konsep pendidikan yang berbasis pada pemanfaatan keragaman yang ada di masyarakat, khususnya yang ada pada siswa.Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kepemimpinan yang tepat dan mampu menanamkan nilai-nilai inti dari pendidikan multikultural dalam lembaga pendidikan. Pada gilirannya, out-put yang dihasilkan dari sekolah tidak hanya cakap sesuai dengan disiplin ilmu yang ditekuninya, tetapi juga mampu menerapkan nilai-nilai keberagamaan dalam memahami dan menghargai keberadaan para pemeluk agama dan kepercayaan lain.Kata kunci:  Multikultural; Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam. AbstractThe many conflicts and racist expressions that often occur in Indonesia are evidence that in the social circle of the Indonesian nation there is still a narcissistic-egocentric spirit and how fragile multiculturalism-based national construction in Indonesia is. So it is not surprising that lately a sense of togetherness is no longer visible and cultural values are being blazed.So, to overcome these problems a special strategy is needed to solve these problems through various fields; social, economic, cultural and educational. In this regard, multicultural education offers an alternative through the application of educational strategies and concepts based on the use of diversity in society, especially those of students.Therefore, appropriate leadership is needed and is able to instill the core values of multicultural education in educational institutions. In turn, outputs generated from schools are not only competent in accordance with the discipline they occupy, but are also able to apply religious values in understanding and valuing the existence of followers of other religions and beliefsKeywords:  Multicultural, Islamic Education Leadership.
الاستاذ الجامعي بين طرائق التدريس التقليدية و الحديثة ((قراءة في نظرية التعليم المستمر))
Authors: زامل يوسف عناد , صالح زينب محمد
Published: October 2019

تنهض الأمم بالمستوى العلمي لكوادرها و لمواردها البشرية وما تساهم به وفي المستويات الإدارية والتنفيذية والسياسية والعلمية كافة وفي جميع التخصصات الاخرى في تحقيق التقدم والرقي للمجتمع . ولا يكمن دور الأستاذ الجامعي في رفع المستوى العلمي فقط بل يتخطى ذلك الى بناء جيل أو أجيال تحمل مبادئ و أصول وأخلاق جامعية سامية قادرة على تغيير المجتمع نحو الافضل وعلى هذا الأساس وللوصول الى هذه الأهداف لابد من وجود كوادر بشرية كفوءة متمثلة بالأستاذ الجامعي قادرة على تخطي العقبات وتذليل معظم الصعوبات التي تواجه التعليم الجامعي والمسيرة العلمية فيها من جانب وحث وتحفيز الطلبة في الجامعة على الاداء العلمي الافضل والمشاركة والتعاون وتبني الاراء والمقترحات بغية الارتقاء بجودة العملية التعليمية  لاسيما الانتقال من طرائق التدريس التقليدية الى طرائق التدريس الحديثة, وطرائق التدريس الحديثة كفيله بنقل التدريسي من الحالة التي يعيش في كنفها  من الطرائق التقليدية الى حالة التحررمن معوقاتها  التي تشل حركته وأبداعاته , وأن النقلة الجذرية التي من شأنها أن تتجاوز حالة التناقض فتلغيها , لتفتح المجال واسعاً أمام الاستاذ الجامعي ليقوم بدوره الريادي الفاعل , تقتضي مواجهة واعية لمعالجة المشكلة من خلال تحليل عناصرها , ثم توفير مستلزمات حلها .

وسنتناول في ثنايا البحث ما يأتي:-

* طرائق التدريس التقليدية واثرها على المستوى العلمي للطالب الجامعي.

* عيوب الطرائق التقليدية واثرها على الطالب الجامعي.

* الأستاذ الجامعي وطرائق التدريس التقليدية.

* الطرائق الحديثة واثرها على المستوى العلمي  للطالب الجامعي.

* الأستاذ الجامعي واستخدام الطرائق الحديثة.

* الطرائق الحديثة و التعلم بالاستكشاف.

* المقارنة بين الطريقتين التقليدية والحديثة.

* النتائج و التوصيات و المقترحات.
مشاكل صناعة الطابوق وأثاره البيئية في محافظتي واسط وذي قار
Authors: الطيف بشير إبراهيم , مراد عمران بندر , رمضان انور سالم
Published: October 2019

على الرغم من الأهمية المكانية لجميع الأنشطة الإقتصادية ومنها الصناعات الإنشائية بشكل عام وصناعة الطابوق بشكل خاص ، إذ تواجه مجموعة مشاكل سواء كانت هذه المشاكل طبيعية أم بشرية ومدى تأثيرها على العمليات الإنتاجية كما ونوعاً ولما له من انعكاس على الحياة الإقتصادية والإجتماعية والبيئة، لكن وعلى الرغم من نجاح صناعة الطابوق فانها تعاني من مشاكل متعددة تعرقل عمليات الإنتاج، إذ يتطلب إيجاد الحلول المناسبة لها ولأجل تطوير تلك الصناعة بوصفها صناعة رائدة نامية في وسط وجنوب العراق، إلا أنه ومع ذلك برزت عوائق ومشاكل كبيرة أثرت بشكل بالغ على الصناعة والتنمية التي كان المجتمع يأمل أن تتحقق، فضلاً عن دور النشاط الصناعي وعلاقته بالجانب البيئي وكمية الفضلات والإنبعاثات البيئية الملوثة، هذا مادفع جميع المؤسسات المسؤولة النظر في تحجيم مثل تلك المخاطر التي قد تواجه المواطنين في المكان القريب التي قد تقع فيه معامل الطابوق في محافظتي واسط   وذي قار.

 

Abstract:

      Despite the importance of spatial for all economic activities , including the construction industry in general and the industry of bricks , in particular, as it faces a range problems , whether these problems are natural or human and its impact on production processes, quality and quantity , and because of its reflection on the economic and social life and the environment , but in spite of the success of the industry bricks , they suffer from multiple problems hampering production processes , as it requires finding appropriate solutions and to develop the industry as an industry leader developing in central and southern Iraq , but he nevertheless emerged barriers and big problems affected the adult industry and the development community was hoping that realized , as well as the role of industrial activity and its relationship to the environmental aspect and the amount of waste and environmental pollutant emissions , this Madf all responsible institutions to consider the scaled such risks that may face the citizens in the place that might occur near the brick factories in the provinces of Wasit and Thi Qar.
التعددية الدينية عند إخــوان الصفــاء
Authors: مكي مهدي طه
Published: October 2019

يعتقد اخوان الصفاء ان طريق الخلاص مفتوح أمام جميع الأديان، وليس حكراً على المسلمين وحدهم، فلا يتحدثون عن دين الخلاص ولا عن الفرقة الناجية، ((فالناجي في الآخرة من كان جامعاً لفضائل الأمم والأديان كلها))([i])، وعندما يذكر الاخوان العابدين التائبين لا يشيرون إلى المساجد وحدها، كأماكن للعبادة، وإنما يشيرون إلى الهياكل والمساجد والبيع، أي إلى أماكن العبادة لدى جميع الأديان ومن ذلك قولهم ((إن أحق النفوس الإنسانية ان تنتقل إلى رتبة الملائكة، هي النفوس المتعوبة في التعبد ، المنقادة لاحكام الشريعة، الخادمة في الهياكل والمساجد والبيع، والصلوات والصوم والقرابين والدعاء والتأله ([ii])، وكما ذكر الله تعالى بقوله )إِنَّ الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ هَادُوا وَالنَّصَارَى وَالصَّابِئِينَ مَنْ آَمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآَخِرِ( ([iii]). ان هذه الآية التي يستشهد بها الاخوان هنا واضحة الدلالة، فأهل الأديان السماوية، وكل من آمن بالله واليوم الآخر، لا خوف عليهم ولا هم يحزنون.

       وإن ما يميز مذهب اخوان الصفاء عن كثير من مذاهب الخلاص، هو تركيزهم على ان النجاة التي يسعون إليها لا تتحقق إلا بالجهد الجمعي المشترك، وتعاون الأفراد مع بعضهم على تحقيقها، فكما أن البشر محتاجون للتعاون في شؤون دنياهم، كذلك هم محتاجون إليه في شؤون آخرتهم .

       يقول الاخوان: اعلم ياأخي، أيدك الله وإيانا بروح منه، انه ينبغي لك أن تتيقن بأنك لا تقدر أن تنجو وحدك مما وقعت من محنة هذه الدنيا وآفاتها بالجناية التي كانت من أبينا آدم u ، لأنك محتاج في نجاتك وتخلصك من هذه الدنيا... والصعود إلى عالم الأفلاك... إلى معاونة اخوان لك نصحاء وأصدقاء لك فضلاء ، متبصرين بأمر الدين علماء بحقائق الأمور، ليُعرفوك طرائق الآخرة وكيفية الوصول إليها، والنجاة من الورطة التي وقعنا فيها كلنا بجناية أبينا آدم u ... ([iv]).

       ومما يلاحظ هناك ان الاخوان لا يقولون بأن الخلاص هو لاتباع الدين الإسلامي فقط، وان جميع أتباع الأديان الأخرى هم في الجحيم، أو أنهم محرمون من أي نصيب من السعادة.

       فإذا كان المُبشر أو المبلغ المسيحي يقول في مواعظه : انه لا سبيل إلى الجنة سوى سبيل واحد فقط، وان هذا السبيل لا يمكن العثور عليه إلا في التعاليم المسيحية، أو كما يقول أوغسطين ((لا خلاص خارج الكنيسة)) ([v])، فان الاخوان يقولون ((الناجي في الآخرة من كان جامعاً لفضائل الأمم والأديان كلها))([vi]).

       وكما يقول جون هيك ((من المستحيل القول بأن فرصة الخلاص قد منحت لهؤلاء الذين ولدوا في بلاد معينة وفي فترة معينة من التاريخ ، فهذه الفكرة ليست دينية، ولا يمكن دعمها أخلاقياً)) ([vii]).

 

([i])المصدر  نفسه، ج4، ص120- 121.

([ii]) المصدر نفسه.

([iii])سورة البقرة، الآية 62.

([iv]) رسائل اخوان الصفاء، ج1، ص99- 100.

([v]) وجيه قانصو، التعددية الدينية عند جون هيك، ص52.

([vi]) رسائل اخوان الصفاء، ج4،ص 361.

([vii]) وجيه قانصو، التعددية الدينية عند جون هيك، ص16.
الامام زيد بن علي ( علية السلام ) دوره وجهوده في الحركة الفكرية
Authors: الهماشي حسين رحيم عزيز
Published: October 2019

إن استيعاب وشمولية النظرة في دراسة شخصية الأمام زيد ( عليه السلام ) يصبح أمراً لابد منه ولا غنى مادام أن شخصيته نفسها تستقطب في ارتباطها وتفاعلاتها كما في اهدافها وطموحاتها كل تجليات  الحياة ومظاهر الوجود في الكون الأرحب الذي أراده الله ( سبحانه ) أن يسخره لهذا الأنسان ليتخذ من وسائله وأدواته التي تمكنه من ان يبني حياته الهادفة زاخرة في الخير والعطاء وعامرة بالهدى والبركا
قياس الغضب لدى كلية التربية للعلوم الإنسانية ( بناء وتطبيق )
Authors: مزعل فاضل عبد الزهرة
Published: October 2019

يعد الغضب Anger مشكلة مركزية وموضوعية للاهتمام في علوم وتخصصات متعددة منها، علم النفس ، والطب النفسي ، والأدب ، والموسيقى ، والفن ، والين، وغيرها فللغضب أهمية كبيرة في علم النفس الحديث ، فهو من المفاهيم المركزية في دراسة الانفعالات الإنسانية. وقد برز الاهتمام بدراسته في الآونة الأخيرة بوصفة مشكلة صارت أساسية في حياة الإنسان في مختلف جوانبها .

   وعلى الرغم من إن الأبحاث في موضوع الغضب كانت متضمنة داخل الأبحاث المتعلقة بالمشاكل العاطفية  والانفعالات كالقلق وللاكتئاب إلا إن  موضوع الغضب أصبح موضوع اهتمام أكثر خاصة في مجالات التطبيق في علم النفس ، فقد أصبح لدينا أبحاث كثيرة متزايدة في موضوع الغضب يقترح بعضها إن الغضب هو عامل في مشكلة الصحة كمرض الأوعية القلبية (siegman & smith,1994) والعدوان(Leonard & Bland,1992, m aiuro, Cagn,Vitaliano, Wagner & Zedree,1988, Pan, Neidig & Oleary,1994).

فالغضب من العوامل الرئيسة في الشخصية الانسانية، فهو انفعال وهذا الانفعال قد لا يستغني عنة الفرد ، فهو حالة انفعالية في الانسان ينصر بها المظلوم، ويدفع بها العدوان ويحقق بها ذاتة، ويحمي بها نفسة وماله وعرضة ، وسائر مقدرات حياتة (دسوقي ، 1992 ) .    

   كما يمكننا ان نميز بين نوعين من الغضب، غضب موضوعي كالذي يحمي الانسان بة نفسة، وغضب غير موضوعي، بينهما غضب الشخص اذا نتهكت حرماتة امامة، وغضب الام ونفعالها لمرض عضال اصاب وحيدها والغضب الناتج عن تأخر موعد لا اهمية كبيرة له .

  لكن تظل مشكلة الغموض الذي يحسط بالمصطلح من حيث التعريف وبعدة  عن الدقة والاحكام القائمة فقد اشارة تافريس(Tavris) الى ان الغموض الذي يكتتف مصطلح الغضب جعل احتمالية اساءة فهمه في مجالات البحوث السيكولوجية مرتفعة، وقد اشارت الباحثة ذاتها الى ان المعالجين النفسيين هم من ضمن الذين يتعرضون لصعوبة في تحديد المصطلح (Tavris,1982) .

   ويمكن ان نعرف الغضب بأنة يتضمن أكثر من جانب ، حيث ترتبط التعريفات السيكولوجية بأسبابة وآثاره والتغيرات المعرفية غير المدركة المولدة للسلوك الذي يتبع الغضب.

فعلماء النفس يقولون : ان الغضب يتألف من ثلالثة جوانب يمكن ملاحظتها ودراستها دراسة علمية وهي :

جانب شعوري ذاتي ، يعلمة الشخص المنفعل وحدة ، ويختلف من انفعال الى اخر تبعاً لنوع الانفعال، وهذا الشعور يمكن دراسته عن طريق التأمل الباطني .

جانب فسيولوجي داخلي كخفقان القلب ، وتغير ضغط الدم ، وضطراب التنفس ، وسوء الهضم، وزدياد إفراز الغدد الصم .

جانب خارجي ظاهر، يشتمل على مختلف التعبيرات والحركات والاوضاع والالفاظ والايماءات التي تبدو على الشخص المنفعل، وهذا الجانب الذي نحكم منه على نوع الانفعال عند الاخرين .

   وهذة الجوانب الثلاثة للانفعال ليست جوانب منفصلة، أو ينتج بعضها عن بعض، بل هي استجابات متكاملة تصدر الانسان من حيث هو وحدة نفسية جسمية اجتماعية، (كيالي،1998) .
عمالة النساء وميكانيزمات التكيف بحث تحليلي على العاملات بالمهن الهامشية في قضاء الديوانية
Authors: عبدالامير علي , كريم ثامر نجاح , الطائي علي
Published: October 2019

The marginal work here on a number of different activities that women find themselves forced to exercise to meet the demands of their families and their living in a society where the narrowing employment opportunities for a large segment of its members they needed him most

Thus, these women are forced to engage in some non-core business and is necessary for life such as collecting empty bottles of soft drinks and inspection at the landfill in search of some materials such as ( Alvavon and zero ) , and some plastics damaged .

The reasons that prompted the Iraqi women in general to create a kind of adaptive mechanisms of action in order to face rejection from some cultures masculine outlook of low for Iraqi women , both through the business entrusted to it or look through it man

In the works of certain than others and there are no acts reserved for men and another for women, but the culture and the social environment is responsible for the marginalization of women's capabilities and identify potential acts of marginal bring sometimes humiliation and degradation to the status and role of women in society, and therein lies the problem
علم الكلام عند بهاء الدين العاملي دراسة في الالهيات ( 953 – 1031 ه = 1547 - 1622 م )
Authors: الحميداوي رياض سُحَيب روضان
Published: October 2019

يُعَدُّ الفيلسوف الإسلامي محمد بن الحسين ـ المعروف في الأوساط العلمية ببهاء الدين العاملي والشيخ البهائي ـ من الشخصيات الفلسفية والكلامية التي كانت لهم إسهامات موسوعية في مختلف العلوم والمعارف والفنون ، ومعروف في الوسط العُلَمَائي بأنه كان ذا مكانة مرموقة ، كثير القدر، عظيم الشأن ، بعيد الغور ، فهو بحق عبقري من عباقرة الحضارة العربية الإسلامية ، بزغ من بلاد الشام ، وتقلب كالكوكب الدري في ربوع العالم العربي والإسلامي الواسعة أبان القرن ( العاشر والحادي عشر الهجريين = السادس عشر والسابع عشر الميلاديين ) .
Translating Figurative Language
Authors: H. Tisgam Khalida
Published: October 2019

الملخص

نحن نعيش في عالم يتغير باستمرار يستعمل فيه الناس لغات مختلفة ليتواصلوا بنجاح إلا أن هذا التواصل لا يكون مثمراً دائماً لأن الكثير من مستعملي اللغات يستعملون وسيلة تعبير مختلفة؛ فهم أحياناً يستعملون معنى حرفياً لما يقصدونه حقاً ويستعملون، في أحيان أخرى، اللغة على نحو مبهم تتطلب إضاءة من نوع ما، ولاسيّما حينما تُستعمل اللغة مجازياً. وتتحقق هذه الإضاءة عبر الترجمة. يهدف هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على حالات معينة تم فيها ترجمة تعابير مجازية باللغة الإنجليزية حرفياً إلى اللغة العربية انطلاقاً من توصية شهيرة في نظرية الترجمة تفيد بوجوب عدم ترجمة اللغة المجازية ترجمة حرفية على الإطلاق لأن هكذا نوع من الترجمة يُعدّ أسوء طريقة ترجمة. كما يدرس بعض المقتطفات من قصة قصيرة لأوسكار وايلد بهدف تحليل لغتها والكيفية التي تم بها نقلها، فضلاً عن تبيان خيارات المترجمين عندما ترجما النص الأصل نفسه والكيفية التي يؤدي بها الافتقار للمعرفة الدلالية إلى ترجمة سيئة.
Employer Rights Against Worker Involuntary Servitude
Authors: Pandya Sachin S.
Published: October 2019

This paper argues that employers can sometimes validly challenge laws as violating the Thirteenth Amendment’s Involuntary Servitude Clause. Judges currently read that clause to bar some kinds of physical or legal coercion against workers who would otherwise quit their current employer. This paper identifies how existing Involuntary Servitude Clause doctrine can be extended to bar legal coercion against prospective employers who would otherwise hire those workers after they quit. If so extended, the Involuntary Servitude Clause sets a minimum level of labor mobility in the United States. To illustrate, the paper discusses how employers can use the Involuntary Servitude Clause to challenge (1) labor mobility restrictions on H-2 foreign guest workers, and (2) non-competition clauses in labor contracts.
The Relationship Between Job Crafting, Work Engagement, and Performance: A Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Schuler Benedikt Alexander , Binnewies Carmen , Bürkner Paul - Christian
Published: October 2019

Although much research on the relationship between job crafting, work engagement, and performance has been conducted, mainly building on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model, it is still unclear whether work engagement mediates the relationship between the job crafting dimensions and performance as assumed by the JD-R model. To test this we statistically integrated 44 primary studies via random effects meta-analysis and examined the assumed mediation through work engagement via meta-analytic structural equation modelling. Moreover, we conducted exploratory moderator analyses to identify systematic variations in the relationships under study. Results showed that increasing structural and social job resources, as well as increasing challenging job demands were positively related to work engagement and performance, whereas decreasing hindering job demands was negatively related to work engagement and unrelated to performance. The relationships between job crafting practices and performance were mediated by work engagement to various extents. Exploratory moderator analyses demonstrated that the employees’ culture (individualistic vs. collectivistic) consistently moderated the relationships under study.