bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Segregation Space in Traditional Mamasa Settlement
Authors: Timbang Gator , Amar  , Bakri Muhammad , Fitriaty Puteri
Published: December 2022

Permukiman masyarakat Mamasa merupakan salah satu permukiman tradisional yang unik dan eksis sampai hari ini. Karakteristik tatanan pola permukiman yang khas mencerminkan kearifan lokal melalui eksitensi ruang sacral dan ruang tidak sacral (profan), sebagai bagian dari kepercayaan dan aktivitas religi yang masih berlangsung dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan segregasi ruang sacral dan profane dalam permukiman masyarakat Mamasa sebagai bagian dari arsitektur nusantara yang memiliki jiwa dibalik performa fisiknya. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah mengkoleksi dan mereview literature yang relevan dengan topic penelitian sehingga diperoleh gap (perbedaan) dalam berbagai aspek baik lokus maupun focus serta cara penelitian. Hasil yang diharapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah menemukan perbedaan antara riset terhadap segregasi ruang permukiman tradisional Mamasa dengan penelitian sejenis lainnya.
A conceptual framework for sustainable entrepreneurship in patchouli farming
Authors: Thahir H , Hadi S , Zahra F , Hidayah N , Karim F , Mendi R I , Fatahilla M R
Published: December 2022

The world’s demand of essential oil has been increased and could contribute to increase the benefits for several countries. Indonesia has potential for patchouli farm and is one of largest exporter countries. Patchouli is one of the sources of essential oil has contributed to fill the high demand. Farmers has the key role in patchouli cultivation must sustain their production without harm the ecosystem. This study aims to identify the theory, experience and perspective of sustainable entrepreneurship in the agribusiness sector, namely patchouli cultivation. This study reviewed previous research on several data bases, including Google Scholar and Researchgate. Several articles related to research topics from reputable journals were collected. The results of this study were carried out succeeded in formulating a research model on the influence of sustainable attitudes, sustainable norms, sustainable behavior, achievement of opportunities, three points of sustainability, on sustainable entrepreneurship. The research model that was formed is recommended for further research. This conceptual paper formulates a model and requires empirical research to generalize the existence of the theory in the future. The research model formulated in this study is still relatively new in the field of sustainable entrepreneurship in patchouli cultivation.
Overview of the International Conference on Environmental Technologies and Engineering for Sustainable Development – ETESD-2022
Authors: Astanakulov K D , Mamatov F M , Shomirzaev M Kh
Published: December 2022

The overview describes the main directions and results of the International Conference “ETESD - 2022” held in Tashkent on 13-16 October 2022. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. A description of the main trends in the areas of environment protection, biodiversity preservation, innovative technologies used in agriculture, preventing environmental damage, as well as to discuss the urgent problems and prospects of advanced technologies of food production, soil protection and tillage, water saving, environmental research and earth space systems are given in the overview.
Promising areas of industrial production decarbonization with a high component carbon footprint in manufactured products
Authors: Neverov Eugeny N , Korotkiy Igor A , Korotkih Pavel S , Gorelkina Alena K
Published: December 2022

The issue of decarbonization has been the main one in the field of world ecology in recent years. The priority direction for reducing the carbon footprint is to increase the efficiency of electricity generation based on the combustion of carbon fuel, as well as to develop our own competencies in modern cogeneration technologies. The introduction of new restrictive measures in the field of reducing the environmental impact on the climate contributes to a decrease in the profitability of several industrial facilities without the introduction of the latest technologies for processing and capturing carbon dioxide generated in the production process. CO2 capture technologies currently cover. To some degree all industrial areas associated with CO2 emissions, but they are underdeveloped. Using carbon dioxide capture technologies, an important stage appears for its transportation to production or storage sites - using a gas pipeline or in a liquefied state, which is quite problematic and requires additional costs. Therefore, the article presents an overview of the most promising methods of disposal and outlines the vectors for their development.
Theoretical study of the disc chopping apparatus of the feed chopper
Authors: Alijanov D , Shaymardanov B , Jumatov Y
Published: December 2022

The paper presents the results of a study in the kinematics and dynamics of a multi-blade disc cutting device. In the advanced hardware scheme, the clipping process is performed as punches. We have a straight blade edge rotated 200 degrees back from the radial direction.

As a result, the sliding motion process is reduced and the trunk is easily cut. For this reason, it is advisable to reduce the sliding process when cutting a hard stem, and it is preferable that the blade be made in the form of a hyperbolic spiral, and not an Archimedes spiral, the curvature of which is directed towards the stem, and not in a straight line.

Kinematic and dynamic studies performed on a multi-knife disk shearing device accelerate the technological process of the device, increase the pressure of the blade on the trunk, and make it possible to cut it intensively.
Application of the descriptor-profile method for evaluating gluten-free biscuits to achieve food safety goals
Authors: Pyanikova E A , Kovaleva A E , Berezina N A , Chuwardin G S
Published: December 2022

The program for the development of sustainable food systems is aimed primarily at providing the population with affordable, safe and nutritious foods. Improvement in quality can be achieved by gradually reformulating food products, increasing their nutritional value through the use of healthy ingredients. The most preferred methods for assessing the organoleptic properties of gluten-free biscuits have been identified. The article identifies the most preferred methods for assessing the organoleptic properties of gluten-free biscuits. A descriptor-profile method was used to evaluate the organoleptic properties for the developed biscuit recipes. Recipes of flour confectionery products - gluten-free biscuits have been developed: sample No. 1 contains oat flour, corn flour, corn starch and chickpea flour mixed with mineral sparkling water and sweetener; sample No. 2 contains oat flour, corn, sweetener and chickpea flour mixed with sparkling mineral water. The descriptors that most fully evaluate the flavour and aromatic properties (wheat, oat, corn, chickpea, egg) of classic and gluten-free biscuits have been identified. A scale of evaluation of the complex indicator of organoleptic properties of gluten-free biscuits has been formed, taking into account the weight of the criteria. An expert assessment of organoleptic quality indicators (shape, cross-sectional view, surface, taste and smell) was carried out taking into account the weight of the criteria. The developed samples for these indicators were compared with a biscuit sample developed according to the classical recipe. The sample with the highest total value in terms of organoleptic quality indicators in relative units has been identified. As a result of the tasting, using the descriptor-profile method, the taste characteristics of gluten-free biscuits were evaluated. To visualise the taste characteristics of the studied samples, a profilogram was constructed. It was revealed that the sample of biscuit No. 2 is more balanced in terms of taste and aromatic properties.
Resource-saving technology of carrot processing with the production of natural dye
Authors: Astanov Salih , Fayzullaev Askar , Kasimova Guzal , Raupova Iroda
Published: December 2022

Complex carrot processing technology “Mirzoi krasny” along with concentrated and powdered natural dye rich in mineral elements and biologically active substances obtained carrot powder and transparent juice used in the food industry. Based on obtaining the absorption spectrum of dyes, it was found that the main coloring pigment of the dye, along with β, are also α and γ-carotenoids.A method of sterilization of concentrated carrot dye based on an IR gausted object has been developed.
Hydraulic shock damper with and without diaphragm
Authors: Jonkobilov U , Rajabov U , Jonkobilov S
Published: December 2022

The article provides an analysis of scientific papers devoted to the study of hydraulic shock absorbers used in pumping stations with long pressure pipelines. The efficiency of pumping stations depends on ensuring trouble-free operation - the reliability of pressure-hydraulic systems. The reliability of pumping units and long pressure pipelines is ensured using the proposed designs of hydraulic shock absorbers. In the experimental study of hydraulic shock absorbers, modern scientific instruments were used. The authors of this work have developed a special pressure sensor to record changes in hydrodynamic pressure during hydraulic shock. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of hydraulic shock absorbers with and without a diaphragm. At the same time, a reliable agreement was obtained between the results of calculations of hydraulic shock absorbers with and without a diaphragm using the proposed method with experimental data. The performed research experiments prove that the damper with a diaphragm is a very effective and economical water hammer damper for long pressure pipelines of pumping stations with the values of the polytropic coefficient n=1.2. Calculations and experiments confirm that the proposed method for calculating an absorber with a diaphragm can be applied to calculate an absorber without a diaphragm.
Optimum placement of thin-layer elements in a horizontal sedimentation tank purification of drinking water
Authors: Akramov A , Juraev Sh , Xoshimov S , Axatov D , Pathidinova U
Published: December 2022

Experimental studies of the effectiveness of water distribution methods in a thin-layer sump were carried out on model and semi-industrial installations. When designing sedimentation tanks, it is usually recommended to take η = 0.03-0.07. According to our data, when η > 0.05, it is not possible to ensure uniform operation of all slots (holes), which worsens the hydrodynamic conditions in the settling zone. Experiments have also established that double gratings with a relative area of holes of 2n provide almost the same flow distribution as single gratings. In this case, the experimental values of β 1 were 2.6 and 2.7, respectively, i.e. differed by no more than 5%. With this in mind when installing double gratings with reflectors, the relative area holes with a sufficiently efficient flow distribution can be accepted and η = 0.06-0.1 instead of η = 0.03-0.05 recommended for single grates, which is essential to reduce the risk of clogging them and improve the reliability of sewer sedimentation tanks. The obtained dependences with sufficient accuracy for practice can be used to calculate double gratings and gratings with reflectors at values η=2η1 , where η1 is the relative area of the slots in a single grating, as well as when calculating partitions with round (square) holes, taking into obtained formulas bs = r holes, and ns = n holes.
The effectiveness of the fipronil and imidacloprid active substances to control weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina)
Authors: Subekti N , Wulandari R , Millanio R R
Published: December 2022

One of the methods used in controlling Oecophylla smaragdina is to use baiting. The purpose of this study was to analyze comparison the effectiveness of the fipronil and imidacloprid active substances to control Oecophylla smaragdina. The methods used in this study include the preparation of test insects, making of toxic bait, test the effectiveness of toxic baits, calculation of mortality and data analysis. ANOVA test results obtained a significance value of 0.00 (P < 0.05), this indicates that there is a significant difference in the percentage of mortality between the treatment groups. The results showed that the two active substances could cause 100% mortality in weaver ants. In addition, the lowest LT50 and LT90 occurred in the use of bait with fipronil, namely LT50 = 6.31 hours and LT90 = 11.21 hours. The active substance fipronil only takes 12 hours to cause weaver ants to experience 100% mortality. In the group of weaver ants who were given bait with a combination of the active substance imidacloprid, the ants died 100% after 24 hours of treatment. The results of this study show that the active substance fipronil is more effective in controlling Oecophylla smaragdina compared to the active substance imidacloprid.
The Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) at Forest Stands of Mount-Merbabu National Park and Upland Farming
Authors: Suyana Jaka , Krismonanto Wisnu , Muliawati Endang Setia , Widijanto Hery , Hartati Sri
Published: December 2022

This study examines the characteristics of vegetation and SOC at forest stands of Mount-Merbabu National Park (Pine (Pinus merkusii), Puspa (Schima noronhae Theaceae), Acacia (Acacia decurren Fabaceae), Bintamin (Cupressussp), and Mixed) and upland farming at a soil depth of 0-70 cm. Observations of characteristics of vegetation stands were made by observing plot units measuring 50 m x 50 m and three replicates, while the observations of SOC included: organic-C and bulk density soil at a depth of 0-70 cm and three replicate. The research data were analyzed descriptively, followed by the F-Test and DMRT Test at 5% level. The results showed that the SOC content decreased with increasing soil depth (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50, 50-70 cm). At soil depth (0-70 cm), the highest SOC concentration and SOC stocks were in the Puspa (53.40 g C kg−1or 437.18 ton C ha−1), followed by Mixed (50.01 g C kg−1or 303.62 ton C ha−1), Bintamin (28.08 C kg−1or 198.70 ton C ha−1), Acacia (24.39 g C kg−1or 233.94 ton C ha−1), and the lowest is Pine (20.13 g C kg−1or 150.83 ton C ha−1); while the upland farming (15.28 g C kg−1or 103.38 ton C ha−1). Puspa can be recommended as a good type of revegetate plant.
Experimental observations of naturally occurring dust using a high-speed vacuum ultraviolet imaging system in EAST
Authors: HOU Shanwei , MING Tingfeng , SHI Qiqi , ZHANG Wenmin , LONG Feifei , LI Bang , DENG Rongjing , ZHUANG Qing , LIU Xiaoju , ZHANG Ling , TI Ang , ZENG Long , LI Guoqiang , ASHIKAWA Naoko , OHDACHI Satoshi , GAO Xiang
Published: December 2022

In the ELMy H-mode experiment, naturally occurring dust originating at the high-field side is clearly observed using the high-speed vacuum ultraviolet imaging system developed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The main ablation cloud shape is similar to the classical shape observed in pellet fueling experiments. However, during the dust penetration, an erupted secondary cloudlet with a bent ‘cigar’ shape is observed and moves upwards along the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field line, which is different to the obviation in the pellet fueling experiments. This may be due to the ion diamagnetic drift effect. The velocities of the secondary cloudlet are estimated to be 50‒80 m s−1. In addition, a significant degradation of the plasma confinement is observed during the dust penetration.
On the Deeply Moving and the Merely Touching
Authors: Cullhed Eric
Published: December 2022

Critics often link yet distinguish between ‘moving’ and ‘touching’ characters, scenes and artworks. It has been argued that being moved is a specific emotion, that its formal object is the thin goodness of exemplified final, important and impersonal thick values, and that being touched is an attenuated form of that phenomenon. First, I dispute that the values that move us must be impersonal, since we can be moved by the personal goodness of being loved, free or healthy. Second, I argue that being touched should be considered a distinct emotion type. To support this claim, I refer to apparent differences between the formal objects that the two affective phenomena relate to as well as to dissimilarities in cognitive sophistication and phenomenology. I suggest that we are touched by that which invites love. Vulnerable, innocently suffering and affectionate beings are touching insofar as they need and will be responsive to love.
Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 is required for mouse oocyte meiotic maturation
Authors: Zhou Qian , Xu Ke , Zhao Bing-Wang , Qiao Jing-Yi , Li Yuan-Yuan , Lei Wen-Long , Li Jian , Ouyang Ying-Chun , Hou Yi , Schatten Heide , Wang Zhen-Bo , Sun Qing-Yuan
Published: December 2022

As the most abundant organelles in oocytes, mitochondria play an important role in maintaining oocyte quality. Here, we report that March5, encoding a mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase that promotes mitochondrial elongation, plays a critical role in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation via regulating mitochondrial function. The subcellular localization of MARCH5 was similar to the mitochondrial distribution during mouse oocyte meiotic progression. Knockdown of March5 caused decreased ratios of the first polar body extrusion. March5-siRNA injection resulted in oocyte mitochondrial dysfunctions, manifested by increased reactive oxygen species, decreased ATP content as well as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to reduced ability of spindle formation and an increased ratio of kinetochore–microtubule detachment. Further study showed that the continuous activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and the failure of Cyclin B1 degradation caused MI arrest and first polar body (PB1) extrusion failure in March5 knockdown oocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrated that March5 plays an essential role in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation, possibly via regulation of mitochondrial function and/or ubiquitination of microtubule dynamics- or cell cycle-regulating proteins.
Dissecting intratumor heterogeneity in HCC: new research strategies and clinical implications
Authors: Behrens Shay , Wang Xin Wei
Published: December 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority of liver cancers and is driven by a multitude of viral, metabolic, and lifestyle factors initiating liver injury that subsequently progresses to cancer. Despite significant medical advancements, current treatment options are limited in their efficacy and overall survival remains poor. Recent studies have suggested that intratumor heterogeneity may play a significant role in treatment response, resistance, and overall prognosis. In this review, we will outline new techniques that utilize both human samples and non-human models to evaluate intratumor heterogeneity. Additionally, we will provide an overview of the clinical implications of intratumor heterogeneity on patients with HCC.
Multi-Product Pricing: Theory and Evidence from Large Retailers
Authors: Bonomo Marco , Carvalho Carlos , Kryvtsov Oleksiy , Ribon Sigal , Rigato Rodolfo
Published: December 2022

We study a unique dataset with comprehensive coverage of daily prices in large multi-product retailers in Israel. Retail stores synchronise price changes around occasional ‘peak’ days when they reprice around 10% of their products. To assess aggregate implications of partial price synchronisation, we develop a new model in which multi-product firms face economies of scope in price adjustment, and synchronisation is endogenous. Synchronisation of price changes attenuates the average price response to monetary shocks, but only high degrees of synchronisation can substantially strengthen the real effects of monetary policy shocks. Our calibrated model generates real effects similar in magnitude to those in M. Golosov, and R.E. Lucas, Journal of Political Economy (2007), vol. 115, pp. 171–99.
Table Mountain Pine (Pinus pungens): Genetic Diversity and Conservation of an Imperiled Conifer
Authors: Potter Kevin M , Jetton Robert M , Whittier W Andrew , Crane Barbara S , Hipkins Valerie D , Echt Craig S , Hodge Gary R
Published: December 2022

Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens Lamb.) is an imperiled tree species endemic to the southern and central Appalachian Mountains. Generally reliant on fire for regeneration, its fragmented but widespread distribution has declined in recent decades. We quantified the genetic diversity of 26 populations across the range of the species using data from seven highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. The species was relatively inbred whereas differentiation among populations was relatively low. Differentiation was significantly but weakly associated with geographic distance among populations. We detected minor genetic differences between northern and southern seed collection zones established based on climate similarity. We conducted a series of simulations using SSR data from 498 seedlings, grown from seed collected from five natural stands of Table Mountain pine, to assess the genetic consequences of different strategies for deploying collected seed in ex situ conservation plantings. Results indicated that reducing the number of families in a planting would not substantially affect the conservation of common alleles but would affect the representation of rare alleles and overall allelic richness. These findings add to our limited knowledge of genetic variation across the distribution of this rare conifer and offer some guidance for its effective genetic conservation.
Predictive model-based interventions to reduce outpatient no-shows: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Oikonomidi Theodora , Norman Gill , McGarrigle Laura , Stokes Jonathan , van der Veer Sabine N , Dowding Dawn
Published: December 2022

Objective

Outpatient no-shows have important implications for costs and the quality of care. Predictive models of no-shows could be used to target intervention delivery to reduce no-shows. We reviewed the effectiveness of predictive model-based interventions on outpatient no-shows, intervention costs, acceptability, and equity.

Materials and Methods

Rapid systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. We searched Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, IEEE Xplore, and Clinical Trial Registries on March 30, 2022 (updated on July 8, 2022). Two reviewers extracted outcome data and assessed the risk of bias using ROB 2, ROBINS-I, and confidence in the evidence using GRADE. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) for the relationship between the intervention and no-show rates (primary outcome), compared with usual appointment scheduling. Meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneity.

Results

We included 7 RCTs and 1 non-RCT, in dermatology (n = 2), outpatient primary care (n = 2), endoscopy, oncology, mental health, pneumology, and an magnetic resonance imaging clinic. There was high certainty evidence that predictive model-based text message reminders reduced no-shows (1 RCT, median RR 0.91, interquartile range [IQR] 0.90, 0.92). There was moderate certainty evidence that predictive model-based phone call reminders (3 RCTs, median RR 0.61, IQR 0.49, 0.68) and patient navigators reduced no-shows (1 RCT, RR 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.46, 0.67). The effect of predictive model-based overbooking was uncertain. Limited information was reported on cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and equity.

Discussion and Conclusions

Predictive modeling plus text message reminders, phone call reminders, and patient navigator calls are probably effective at reducing no-shows. Further research is needed on the comparative effectiveness of predictive model-based interventions addressed to patients at high risk of no-shows versus nontargeted interventions addressed to all patients.
A multi-plex protein expression system for production of complex enzyme formulations in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Subramanian Venkataramanan , Farmer Samuel J , Heiland Kelsey L , Moore Kyle T , Wall Todd A Vander , Sun Weiman , Chaudhari Yogesh B , Himmel Michael E , Decker Stephen R
Published: December 2022

Heterologous protein production has been challenging in the hyper-cellulolytic fungus, Trichoderma reesei as the species is known for poor transformation efficiency, low homologous recombination frequency, and marginal screening systems for the identification of successful transformants. We have applied the 2A-peptide multi-gene expression system to co-express four proteins, which include three cellulases: a cellobiohydrolase (CBH1), an endoglucanase (EG1), and a β-D-glucosidase (BGL1), as well as the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) marker protein. We designed a new chassis vector, pTrEno-4X-2A, for this work. Expression of these cellulase enzymes was confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunoblot analysis. The activity of each cellulase was assessed using chromogenic substrates, which confirmed the functionality of the enzymes. Expression and activity of these enzymes were proportional to the level of eGFP fluorescence, thereby validating the reliability of this screening technique. An 18-fold differencein protein expression was observed between the first and third genes within the 2A-peptide construct. The availability of this new multi-gene expression and screening tool is expected to greatly impact multi-enzyme applications, such as the production of complex commercial enzyme formulations and metabolic pathway enzymes, especially those destined for cell-free applications.
Effect of Pepper Variety on the Susceptibility of Pepper Weevil Parasitoids
Authors: Murillo-Hernández Juan Eduardo , Lomeli-Flores J Refugio , Rodríguez-Leyva Esteban , Soto-Rojas Lauro , Torres-Ruiz Alfonso , Santillán-Galicia Ma Teresa , Muñíz-Reyes Érica
Published: December 2022

Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a key pest of cultivated peppers (Capsicum species) in tropical and subtropical America. Here we evaluated the effect of five pepper varieties on the susceptibility of A. eugenii to the parasitoids Bracon sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Eupelmus cushmani (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), and Jaliscoa hunteri Crawford (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Potential parasitism was estimated by comparative analysis of parasitoid ovipositor size and the depth to which host larvae develop inside the fruit. Highest potential parasitism rates were achieved by Bracon sp. and E. cushmani on árbol and habanero peppers (84–99%) while the lowest rates were achieved by J. hunteri on serrano, bell, and jalapeño (7–18%). To validate potential parasitism rates, the actual parasitism rate by Bracon sp. and J. hunteri on three varieties of peppers was assessed. Actual parasitism rates of A. eugenii larvae in árbol were similar for Bracon sp. and J. hunteri (33%), while on bell and jalapeño Bracon sp. achieved 24% and 13% parasitism and J. hunteri achieved 14% and 8%, respectively. In most cases, actual parasitism was lower than estimated potential parasitism, although the latter had a notable predictive power (predicted R2 = 0.84). Results showed that the host was more vulnerable on small-fruited varieties because larvae were closer to the pericarp and could be reached by parasitoid ovipositors; likewise, in varieties with little placenta and seed, some larvae fed in the pericarp, where they were more vulnerable.
Inflammatory and insulinemic dietary patterns and risk of endometrial cancer among US women
Authors: Romanos-Nanclares Andrea , Tabung Fred K , Sinnott Jennifer A , Trabert Britton , De Vivo Immaculata , Playdon Mary C , Eliassen A Heather
Published: December 2022

Background

Although unopposed estrogen exposure is considered a major driver of endometrial carcinogenesis, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are also major endometrial cancer risk factors. However, it is unclear whether diets with inflammatory or insulinemic potential are associated with risk of endometrial cancer.

Methods

We followed 48 330 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2016) and 85 426 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (1989-2017). Using food frequency questionnaires, we calculated repeated measures of empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) scores, which characterize the potential of the whole diet to modulate circulating biomarkers of inflammation or C-peptide, respectively. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type I endometrial cancer risk.

Results

We documented 1462 type I endometrial cancer cases over 2 823 221 person-years of follow-up. In the pooled multivariable-adjusted analyses, women in the highest compared with lowest quintiles were at higher risk of type I endometrial cancer (EDIP HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.24 to 1.73; Ptrend < .001; EDIH HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.87; Ptrend < .001). Additional adjustment for body mass index attenuated the associations (EDIP HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.22; EDIH HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.21), and mediation analyses showed that body mass index may explain 60.4% (95% CI = 37.4% to 79.6%; P < .001) and 71.8% (95% CI = 41.0% to 90.4%; P < .001) of the association of endometrial cancer with EDIP and EDIH, respectively.

Conclusions

In this large cohort study, higher dietary inflammatory and insulinemic potential were each associated with increased endometrial cancer incidence, and this association may be almost entirely mediated by adiposity.
Linguistic Features of Public Service Encounters: How Spoken Administrative Language Affects Citizen Satisfaction
Authors: Eckhard Steffen , Friedrich Laurin
Published: December 2022

Spoken administrative language is a critical element in the relationship between citizens and the state, especially when it comes to face-to-face interactions between officials and citizens during the delivery of public services. But preceding work offers little insights into the verbal features of street-level bureaucracy. Drawing on communication studies, we argue that administrative language differs along both a relational and an informational linguistic component. To test the consequentiality of this theory, we design a factorial survey experiment with a representative sample of 1,402 German citizens. Participants evaluated audio recordings of a hypothetical service encounter where we systematically varied the language used by the official and the service decision, measuring participants’ service satisfaction as the main outcome. Based on regression analysis, we find that relational elements of administrative language improve citizen satisfaction, independent of the service outcome, but that the effect does not hold for the informational component. These findings emphasize the importance of relational communication in citizen-state interactions, which tends to be neglected in public administration theory and practice.
Interactive effects of plant density and nitrogen availability on the biomass production and leaf stoichiometry ofArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yan Zheng-Bing , Tian Di , Huang Han-Yue , Sun Yuan-Feng , Hou Xing-Hui , Han Wen-Xuan , Guo Ya-Long , Fang Jing-Yun
Published: December 2022

Plant density and nitrogen (N) availability influence plant survival and nutrient use strategies, but the interaction between these two factors for plant growth and the balance of elements remains poorly addressed. Here, we conducted experimental manipulations using Arabidopsis thaliana, with the combination of four levels of plant density and four levels of N addition, and then examined the corresponding changes in plant biomass production (indicated by total plant biomass and biomass partitioning) and nutrient use strategies (indicated by leaf N and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry). The biomass–density relationship was regulated by N availability, with a negative pattern in low N availability but an asymptotic constant final yield pattern at high N availability. Excessive N addition reduced plant growth at low plant density, but this effect was alleviated by increasing plant density. The root to shoot biomass ratio increased with plant density at low N availability, but decreased at high N availability. N availability was more important than plant density in regulating leaf N and P stoichiometry, with the increasing leaf N concentration and decreasing leaf P concentration under increasing N addition, resulting in a negative scaling relationship between these two elemental concentrations. Our results show that N availability and plant density interactively regulate plant biomass production and leaf stoichiometry of A. thaliana, and highlight that the interactive effects of these two factors should be considered when predicting plant growth behaviour under intraspecific competitive environments in the context of nutrient changes.
Plant phosphate status influences root biotic interactions
Authors: Pazhamala Lekha T , Giri Jitender
Published: December 2022

Phosphorus (P) deficiency stress in combination with biotic stress(es) severely impacts crop yield. Plant responses to P deficiency overlapping with that of other stresses exhibit a high degree of complexity involving different signaling pathways. On the one hand, plants engage with rhizosphere microbiome/arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for improved phosphate (Pi) acquisition and plant stress response upon Pi deficiency; on the other hand, this association is gets disturbed under Pi sufficiency. This nutrient-dependent response is highly regulated by the phosphate starvation response (PSR) mediated by the master regulator, PHR1, and its homolog, PHL. It is interesting to note that Pi status (deficiency/sufficiency) has a varying response (positive/negative) to different biotic encounters (beneficial microbes/opportunistic pathogens/insect herbivory) through a coupled PSR–PHR1 immune system. This also involves crosstalk among multiple players including transcription factors, defense hormones, miRNAs, and Pi transporters, among others influencing the plant-biotic–phosphate interactions. We provide a comprehensive view of these key players involved in maintaining a delicate balance between Pi homeostasis and plant immunity. Finally, we propose strategies to utilize this information to improve crop resilience to Pi deficiency in combination with biotic stresses.
Early-type dwarf galaxies in the local universe. Evidence of ex situ growth
Authors: Paudel Sanjaya , Yoon Suk-Jin , Moon Jun-Sung , Chhatkuli Daya Nidhi
Published: December 2022

We report the discovery of a rare early-type dwarf galaxy (dE), SDSS J125651.47+163024.2 (hereafter, dE1256), possessing a tidal feature that was likely built up by accretion of an even smaller dwarf galaxy. dE1256 is located in a nearly isolated environment, at the outskirt of the Virgo cluster. A detailed morphological examination reveals that the accreted stellar population is mainly deposited in the outer part of dE1256, where the tidal tail is most prominent. The inner part of dE1256 is perfectly modelled with a simple Sérsic function of index n = 0.63 and half-light radius Rh = 0.6 kpc, but in contrast, the entire galaxy has a size of Rh = 1.2 kpc. The mass ratio between the host and the putative accreted dwarf galaxy is calculated to be 5:1, assuming that the observed two components, inner Sérsic and outer tidal tail residual, represent the host’s and accreted galaxy’s stellar populations, respectively. We suggest that while the accretion contributes only 20 per cent of the overall stellar population, the size of dE1256 grew by a factor of two via the accretion event. Our results provide, for the first time, strong observational evidence that a dE is undergoing a two-phase growth, a common phenomenon for massive galaxies.
BI-907828, a novel potent MDM2 inhibitor, inhibits glioblastoma brain tumor stem cells in vitro and prolongs survival in orthotopic xenograft mouse models
Authors: Hao Xiaoguang , Bahia Ravinder K , Cseh Orsolya , Bozek Danielle A , Blake Sophia , Rinnenthal Jörg , Weyer-Czernilofsky Ulrike , Rudolph Dorothea , Artee Luchman H
Published: December 2022

Background

The tumor suppressor TP53 (p53) is frequently mutated, and its downstream effectors inactivated in many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). In tumors with wild-type status, p53 function is frequently attenuated by alternate mechanisms including amplification and overexpression of its key negative regulator, MDM2. We investigated the efficacy of the MDM2 inhibitor, BI-907828, in GBM patient-derived brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with different amplification statuses of MDM2, in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft models.

Methods

In vitro growth inhibition and on-target efficacy of BI-907828 were assessed by cell viability, co-immunoprecipitation assays, and western blotting. In vivo efficacy of BI-907828 treatments was assessed with qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and in intracranial xenograft models.

Results

BI-907828 decreases viability and induces cell death at picomolar concentrations in both MDM2 amplified and normal copy number TP53 wild-type BTSC lines. Restoration of p53 activity, including robust p21 expression and apoptosis induction, was observed in TP53 wild-type but not in TP53 mutant BTSCs. shRNA-mediated knock-down of TP53 in wild-type BTSCs abrogated the effect of BI-907828, confirming the specificity of the inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies in orthotopic tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice demonstrated that a single 50 mg/kg p.o. dose of BI-907828 resulted in strong activation of p53 target genes p21 and MIC1. Long-term weekly or bi-weekly treatment with BI-907828 in orthotopic BTSC xenograft models was well-tolerated and improved survival both as a single-agent and in combination with temozolomide, with dose-dependent efficacy observed in the MDM2 amplified model.

Conclusions

BI-907828 provides a promising new therapeutic option for patients with TP53 wild-type primary brain tumors.
A time-varying threshold STAR model with applications
Authors: Dueker Michael , Jackson Laura E , Owyang Michael T , Sola Martin
Published: December 2022

Smooth-transition autoregressive (STAR) models, competitors of Markov-switching models, are limited by an assumed time-invariant threshold level. We augment the STAR model with a time-varying threshold that can be interpreted as a ‘tipping level’ where the mean and dynamics of the VAR shift. Thus, the time-varying latent threshold level serves as a demarcation between regimes. We show how to estimate the model in a Bayesian framework using a Metropolis step and an unscented Kalman filter proposal. To show how allowing time variation in the threshold can affect the results, we present two applications: a model of the natural rate of unemployment and a model of regime-dependent government spending.
High-temperature two-layer integrated receiver storage for concentrating solar power systems
Authors: Li Xiuxiu , Yang Song , Wang Jun , Lund Peter D
Published: December 2022

An integrated receiver storage for a beam-down concentrating solar power (CSP) plant enables simplifying the system layout and reducing the costs. Here a two-layer integrated receiver storage (TLIRS) system design is proposed consisting of a cavity receiver and a two-layer packed-bed storage. The first layer is a porous ceramic and the second one is rocks. To enable performance optimization of the system, models for cavity radiation, two-phase transient heat transfer and local thermal nonequilibrium were derived and validated. The thermal performance of the TLIRS system was assessed and characterized by the absorbing, charging, discharging and overall efficiencies and by the solar-to-exergy conversion ratio. The results indicate that the porous ceramic layer significantly enhances the absorption of solar irradiance and thus improves the thermal efficiencies. For CSP applications, the TLIRS system potentially achieves high thermal performance in repetitive charging and discharging cycles.
Crowdfunding a life: how relationships shape requests for financial assistance
Authors: Halcomb Laura
Published: December 2022

How do relationships shape requests for financial assistance? I conducted a qualitative content analysis of 1666 US-based GoFundMe campaigns for patients with colorectal cancer. I identify three types of campaign organizers—self-funders, financially bonded campaigners and financially independent campaigners—who draw on different narratives of deservingness depending on their relationship to medical costs. I find that organizers use stories to create good matches, which vary depending on the organizer’s financial relationship with the patient. Financially independent campaigners, who do not experience the burden of medical bills, tell stories that counter dominant cultural beliefs about dependency. Self-funders and financially bonded campaigners both told stories that managed the stigma of dependency, where the former connects self-sufficiency to employment and the latter argues that medical prices make it impossible to prepare. These findings provide novel insights into theories of relational work and how financial relationships shape narratives of debt, dependency and deservingness.
Inflammatory Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Drive M1 Macrophage Polarization via Exosomal miR-143-3p-Mediated Regulation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Wang Yazheng , Zhang Xige , Wang Jinjin , Zhang Yang , Ye Qingyuan , Wang Yang , Fei Dongdong , Wang Qintao
Published: December 2022

Macrophage polarization plays an important role in the progression of inflammation. Exosomes derived from stem cells are promising candidates for macrophage immunoregulation. However, how exosomes derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in an inflammatory environment influence macrophage polarization has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, inflammatory PDLSCs were found to downregulate M2 macrophage polarization at the mRNA and protein levels in a Transwell coculture system of PDLSCs and THP-1-derived M0 macrophages. Furthermore, inflammatory PDLSC-derived exosomes shifted macrophages toward the M1 phenotype. The inhibition of inflammatory PDLSC-derived exosomes by GW4869 weakened inflammatory PDLSC-mediated M1 macrophage polarization. A miRNA microarray was used to determine the differential miRNAs shuttled by healthy and inflammatory PDLSC-derived exosomes. Compared with healthy exosomes, miR-143-3p was enriched in inflammatory PDLSC-derived exosomes, which targeted and inhibited the expression of PI3Kγ and promoted M1 macrophage polarization by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling and activating NF-κB signaling, while an agonist of the PI3K pathway reversed this effect. Moreover, exosome-shuttled miR-143-3p from PDLSCs drove M1 macrophage polarization and aggravated periodontal inflammation in a mouse periodontitis model. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that inflammatory PDLSCs facilitate M1 macrophage polarization through the exosomal miR-143-3p-mediated regulation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling, providing a potential new target for periodontitis treatment.
Myclobutanil-mediated alteration of liver-gut FXR signaling in mice
Authors: Taylor Rulaiha , Armstrong Laura , Bhattacharya Anisha , Henry Zakiyah , Brinker Anita , Buckley Brian , Kong Bo , Guo Grace
Published: December 2022

The effects of exposure to Myclobutanil, a triazole fungicide, on the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are unclear, but activation of nuclear receptors (NRs) is a known mechanism of azole-induced liver toxicity. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a NR and is highly expressed in the liver and intestine. Activation of FXR tightly regulates bile acid (BA), lipid and glucose homeostasis, and inflammation partly through the induction of fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15; human ortholog FGF19). FXR activation is downregulated during NAFLD and agonists are currently being explored as potential therapeutic strategy. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of Myclobutanil exposure on FXR activation and NAFLD development. Reporter assay showed Myclobutanil treatment, following FXR activation with potent FXR agonist (GW4064), resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of FXR activity. Furthermore, a 10-day study in male mice demonstrated that cotreatment with Myclobutanil led to an 80% reduction of GW4064-induced ileal expression of Fgf15. In a diet-induced NAFLD study, low-fat diet (LFD) fed mice administered myclobutanil displayed decreased FXR activity in the liver and ileum, while high-fat-high-sugar-diet (HFHSD) fed mice showed an increase in hepatic FXR activity and an induction of target genes regulated by constitutive androstane receptor and/or pregnane X receptor. Our work demonstrates Myclobutanil inhibits FXR activity and modulates FXR activity differentially in mice fed LFD or HFHSD. Our studies suggest the importance of understanding how Myclobutanil could contribute to BA dysregulation in disease states such as NAFLD.
Genome Resource for Acinetobacter schindleri H4-3-C1: An Endophyte of Pseudostellaria heterophylla with Degradation Activity to Toxins Produced by Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Yuan Qing-Song , Deng Tao , Gao Yanping , Jiang Weike , Ou Xiaohong , Wang Yanhong , Guo Lanping , Zhou Tao
Published: December 2022

Acinetobacter schindleri is an endophyte of Pseudostellaria heterophylla, a traditional Chinese herbal plant. It has high degradation activity to toxins produced by fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Here, we deployed PacBio single-molecule real-time long-read sequencing technology to generate a complete genome assembly for the Acinetobacter schindleri H4-3-C1 strain and obtained 1.59 Gb of clean reads. These reads were assembled to a single circular DNA chromosome with a length of 3,265,024 bp, and no plasmid was found in the genome. Totals of 3,193 coding sequences, 91 transfer RNA, 21 ribosomal RNA, and 75 small RNAs were identified in the genome. This high-quality genome assembly and gene annotation resource will facilitate the excavation of the zearalenone degradation gene and provide valuable resources for preventing and controlling toxigenic fungal diseases of P. heterophylla.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Osteoarthritis gene therapy in 2022
Authors: Evans Christopher H. , Ghivizzani Steven C. , Robbins Paul D.
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review

To assess the present status of gene therapy for osteoarthritis (OA).

Recent findings

An expanding list of cDNAs show therapeutic activity when introduced into the joints of animals with experimental models of OA. In vivo delivery with adenovirus or adeno-associated virus is most commonly used for this purpose. The list of encoded products includes cytokines, cytokine antagonists, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, growth factors and noncoding RNA. Elements of CRISPR-Cas have also been delivered to mouse knees to ablate key genes. Several human trials have been initiated, using transgenes encoding transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interferon-β, the NKX3.2 transcription factor or variant interleukin-10. The first of these, using ex vivo delivery with allogeneic chondrocytes, gained approval in Korea which was subsequently retracted. However, it is undergoing Phase III clinical trials in the United States. The other trials are in Phase I or II. No gene therapy for OA has current marketing approval in any jurisdiction.

Extensive preclinical data support the use of intra-articular gene therapy for treating OA. Translation is beginning to accelerate and six gene therapeutics are in clinical trials. Importantly, venture capital has begun to flow and at least seven companies are developing products. Significant progress in the future can be expected.