bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophage against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pyoderma in Dog
Authors: . Archana , Kaushik P. , . Anjay , Kumar A. , Kumari S. , Kumar P. , Shekhar P.
Published: May 2022

Background: Pyoderma in dog poses complexity owing to involvement of multi drug resistant bacterial infection particularly Staphylococcus species. This may result into failure of antibiotic therapy in pyoderma. Therapeutic use of lytic bacteriophage (phage) may be an alternative to deal antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine. There is no report available on isolation and characterization of bacteriophage from clinical cases of pyoderma in animals, hence the study was performed with aim to isolate and characterize lytic phage against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Methods: The phage was isolated from pus sample of dog suffering from severe pyoderma. The phage was isolated using MRSA as a bacterial host and was named as Staphylococcus phage BVC1 (SPBVC1). The morphology of the phage was determined using TME and was characterised by determining the host range and lytic potential of the phage at range of temperature and pH. Result: The morphology of phage revealed an icosahedral head of diameter 81.31 nm. with sheath and a central tube and a tail of 92.08 nm. It showed strong lytic activity against Methicillin resistant S. aureus and was stable under a range of temperature varying from 4oC to 45oC and pH from 4 to 11. The phage has shown lytic activity against the MRSA however no lytic activity against the MSSA was shown by the phage. The high specificity of the phage for MRSA indicated its potential use as an alternative therapeutic approach against multidrug resistant staphylococcal infections.
Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale
Authors: AKIN Özlem , ERBİL Nülüfer
Published: May 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity by adapting to Turkish of the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS-36).Methods: The sample of this methodological study included 360 volunteer pregnant women. The data were collected with questionnaire form and Turkish version of the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale. In data analysis were used Cronbach's alpha coefficient, explanatory, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) after the language and content validity of Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale. For CFA one of the concordance models of structural equality, LISREL, was used.Results: As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was found that the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale had five sub dimensions structure as in the original form, and the factor loads of the model changed between 0.453-0.807. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of Turkish version of total Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale was 0.92. Cronbach’s alpha values of subdimensions of Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale. Turkish version was between 0.81 and 0.86. Of these x2/SD value 2.18, GFI 0.95, AGFI 0.94, CFI 0.95, RMSEA 0.077 and SRMR 0.075 were identified.Conclusion: The Turkish version of Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS-36) was determined a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish society. The Turkish version of Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS-36) be used as data collection tool to determine pregnancy stress by midwives and nurses.
Student Satisfaction in Online Learning of Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia during the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Munadi Muhammad , Annur Fauzi , Saputra Yudi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine student satisfaction with online learning at UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta Indonesia. In this study, the researchers developed new variables related to student satisfaction in online learning, such as student commitment, student independence, parental support, main source of support for online learning, student readiness, creative and innovative learning and effectiveness and behavioral intentions. The methodology used is a quantitative research method, with measurement and analysis using the smart-PLS application. The population in this study was all students of the UIN RMS Surakarta education faculty. The results of this study show that there were 412 respondents who filled out the questionnaire. After being processed using Smart-PLS there were three variables that were accepted: first, effectiveness has a significant effect on student satisfaction in online learning, second, student commitment has a significant effect on student satisfaction in online learning and third, student satisfaction has a significant effect on the behavioral intentions of students in online learning.
Research on Sales Prediction of New Energy Vehicles Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Zhehua , Jiang Jun , Gao Yu , Wang Xinyan
Published: May 2022

Due to the depletion of traditional Chinese renewable energy sources such as crude oil, increased pollution and the endogenous transformation and upgrading of China's economy and society, the flourishing of China's new energy vehicle business is an inevitable requirement for a flourishing low-carbon and green economy. In the context of the global green transformation and the new double-cycle economic development, the flourishing of the new energy vehicle industry is an inevitable requirement for the development of a low-carbon and green economy, and is a necessary path for China to move from a large automotive nation to a strong automotive nation. China's new energy vehicle exports are growing steadily, mainly to Asian and European markets, especially Europe, where a major breakthrough has been made, mainly in the export of pure electric passenger cars and the rise of independent brands. The dividends from new energy vehicles are being used not only for international foreign trade, but also for road dust protection and landmark maintenance.
Research on the Current Situation and Innovation Strategy of Enterprise Performance Management in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Dong Ming , Fan Lin , Ma Xinyan
Published: May 2022

The widespread use of big data technology has brought various convenience to enterprise management, and the application of big data technology to the performance management segment can promote enterprises to further deepen the reform, help the organizational structure of enterprises to be optimized and employees' abilities to be fully exploited, and promote enterprises to gain advantages in market competition and move forward in the competition of creating value for organizations and society in the new era. This paper firstly elaborates the three core dimensions of enterprise performance management, then studies the current situation of performance management in Chinese enterprises, and proposes corresponding innovative solution strategies for enterprises to integrate big data technology into performance management.
The experience of black authors as a research terrace: thinking about the decoloniality of creating science
Authors: Santana Lindiane de , Mesquita Roseane Santos , Santos Andréia Teixeira dos
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to discuss how the experience of black authors in their research processes become important to expand the academic material. In this way, we will discuss two research processes, the first of a master's dissertation worked through autoethnography and a doctoral research, still in progress, which tensions the place of experience to think about a theoretical research. This article is located in the theoretical field of decolonial thought and reflects on new ways of doing research, thus tensing places and bodies established as exceptional for academic research.
EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF METHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF STEPHANIA DINKLAGEI (ENGL.) DIELS
Authors: Udegbunam Sunday Ositadimma , Igbokwe Nnabuike Prince , Udegbunam Rita Ijeoma , Anyanwu Madubuike Umunna , Nnaji Thoephilus Okafor
Published: May 2022

Background: Stephania dinklagei Diels (Engl.) is used in folkloric medicine in Southeastern Nigeria for treatment of wounds and some bacterial-associated infections. This study evaluated the wound healing and antibacterial potential of Stephania dinklagei to validate or invalidate its folkloric use.
Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of methanolic extract of S. dinklagei root (MESDR) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. was determined by macrobroth dilution. The extract at 20% and 10% concentrations were dosed orally to rats at 300mg/kg body weight (bw) in incision and dead space wound healing model to determine wound tensile strength and granulation tissue weight, respectively. Same extract concentrations were applied topically in excision wound model to determine the rate of wound contraction and epithelialization. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the levels of total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MAL), hydroxyproline (HYP) and hexosamine (HEX) in excision wound biopsies were determined at days 7 and 14 post wounding (pw). In the excision wound model, the extract concentrations were compared with gentamicin sulphate.
Results: The MIC of S. dinklagei extract against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were 8mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 6mg/ml and 7mg/ml, respectively, while the corresponding MBC were 10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 7mg/ml, 8mg/ml, and 9 mg/ml, respectively. The 20% extract concentration gave significantly (P0.05) at day 14 pw. HYP level of the extract-treated groups significantly (P
EFFECT OF SHIN'ISEIHAITO ON LUNG COLONIZATION OF PNEUMOCOCCUS IN MURINE MODEL
Authors: Minami Masaaki , Konishi Toru , Jiang Zhixia , Arai Tetuya , Makino Toshiaki
Published: May 2022

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) causes various serious diseases including sinusitis, pneumonia, and meningitis. One

serious problem observed recently with pneumococcal therapy is attenuation of the antibiotic effect because of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant

pneumococcus. Shin’iseihaito, a traditional Japanese medicine based on ancient Chinese medicine, has been used for treatment of otolaryngeal

diseases in Japan. The objective of this study was to examine the anti-infectious effects of shin’iseihaito and its related mechanism.

Materials and Methods: We evaluated the beneficial effect of shin’iseihaito extract (SSHT) against pneumococcus-infected murine model. The

colonization of bacteria, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) killing activity, the levels of inflammatory cytokine and IgA were investigated.

Results: The pneumococcus from blood was not found in both SSHT-treated mice and untreated mice. However, the pneumococcal colonization of

lung was significantly (p
ZHI-BAI-DI-HUANG-WAN, A CLASSIC CHINESE MEDICINAL FORMULA IN RELIEVING MENOPAUSAL SYMPTOMS: A MULTI-CENTRE AND CONTROLLED TRIAL FROM UK AND CHINA
Authors: Jiang Dan , Zhou Jian-Hong , Zhou Jue , Gu Ying-Er , Yang Dong-Xia , Weng Qing , Li Yun , Wang Bing , Yu Fang , Qu Fan
Published: May 2022

Objective: To explore the effects of Zhi-Bai-Di-Huang-Wan (ZBDHW), a classic formula of Chinese medicinal herbs in relieving menopausal symptoms in British and Chinese women.

Patients and Methods: Between May 2011 and May 2013, 224 Chinese and British women were divided into a ZBDHW group with 115 cases and a control group with 109 cases. The clinical menopausal symptoms were assessed by the modified Kupperman Index Scale. The serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were respectively detected before and after the treatment.

Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, both groups’ Kupperman index scores markedly decreased (P0.05). The serum levels of FSH did not change significantly after the treatment (P>0.05) and no significant difference existed between them (P>0.05). The serum levels of E2 significantly increased in both of the two groups (P
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF ESCHRICHIA COLI ISOLATES FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AT PIMS, ISLAMABAD
Authors: Khan Jafar , Khalil Irum , AbdEl-Salam Naser M. , Liaqat Sehrish , Younas Naila , Mushtaq Sameerah , Ullah Riaz
Published: May 2022

Background: E. coli is the most common producer of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzyme (ESBL) which confers broad spectrum resistance to

antibiotics like penicillin, cephalosporin and monobactum.

Methods and Materials: The present study was carried out at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. The marked resistance was viewed

against amoxicilline-clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. The most effective drugs established were sulbactum-cefoparazone, amikacin,

pepircillin-tazobactum. A total of 220 samples of wide range were selected, i.e., blood, urine, pus, sputum, etc. and were analyzed using various

techniques of Gram staining and biochemical identification.

Results: After performing antibiotic sensitivity tests, 83% samples came out to be ESBL positive and 17% were ESBL negative.

Conclusion: It was concluded that to ensure adequate treatment of infections arising especially from urinary pathogens and controlling spread of

bacterial resistant strains, the continuous monitoring by bacterial susceptibility testing is essential.
ESBL DETERMINATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN OF KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE AMONGST PATIENTS AT PIMS ISLAMABAD
Authors: Khan Jafar , Naz Noor , AbdEl-Salam Naser M. , Tabassum Nayab Anum , Hussain Hidayat , Ullah Riaz
Published: May 2022

Background: A number of life threatening infections due to various bacterial pathogens are major cause of death in Pakistan. In a situation like

the other developing countries, there is a general increase in the drug resistance due to the irrational use of the antibiotics. The present

study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence and development of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae against commonly used

antibiotics.

Methods and Materials: A total of 200 samples from different wards of the hospitals were received by the pathology laboratory of

Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, which comprised of urine 65, blood 50 and other miscellaneous samples from

various sources. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and characterized using morphological, cultural, and biochemical methods and were further

confirmed by using commercially available API 20E kit. The isolates were subjected to culture sensitivity test using Kirby Bauer disc

diffusion method.

Results: The organism was found to be the most prevalent Gram-negative bacilli. K. pneumoniae showed highest resistance against coamoxiclav

and cephalosporins.

Conclusion: The study revealed that ESBL producing strains were resistant to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics. This trend therefore

has become a significant problem and can be controlled with continued surveillance or monitoring for rationally improved antibiotics

usage, in order to prevent the drug resistance and re-emergence of infection.
TOGO TO GO: PRODUCTS AND COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM LOCAL PLANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES ENDEMIC IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Tittikpina Nassifatou Koko , Ejike Chukwunonso ECC , Estevam Ethiene Castelluci , Nasim Muhammad Jawad , Griffin Sharoon , Chaimbault Patrick , Kirsch Gilbert , Atakpama Wouyo , Batawila Komlan , Jacob Claus
Published: May 2022

Background: Many African countries suffer from endemic diseases which are often caused by infections and seriously affect the social and

economic development of these nations. While the access to proper medication is still limited, many of these countries are, at the same time, rich

in medical plants.

Materials and Methods: A review of relevant scientific (and gray) literature was carried out and information obtained from local authorities in

medicinal plants. A synthesis of the data obtained was thereafter performed and recommendations for the future proposed.

Results: Plants such as Cissus aralioides, Securidaca longipedunculata, Piliostigma thonningii, Nauclea latifolia, Ocimum gratissimum and

Newbouldia laevis are widely reported to be used in the treatment of endemic diseases in Togo and her neighbouring countries.These plants

often contain highly potent chemical compounds, such as quinones, xanthones, tannins and terpenes and therefore may provide an alternative

avenue to short-term treatment. A combination of further analysis of plant materials and their active ingredients on the one hand, and modern

technology to turn such natural products into commercial equivalents on the other, is required in order to identify the targets and modes of action

of these natural materials, unlock access to them, and ultimately produce valuable medicines and phytoprotectants based on locally grown plant

materials.

Conclusion: The production of plant-derived products, as advocated in this paper, is in line with the WHO’s traditional medicine strategy 2014-

2023, and will eventually yield a sustainable health-and-wealth generating cycle that will benefit a countries in the region, economically and

ecologically.
ANTIOXIDANTACTIVITY OF POLYPHENOLS FROM TOONA SINENSIS ROEM SEEDS AND THE INHIBITION OF ALDOSE REDUCTASE
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Li Wanzhong
Published: May 2022

Background: The seeds of Toona sinensis (Juss.) M. Roem (T. sinensis) have long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of different polyphenols fractions from Toona sinensis Roem (T. sinensis) seeds (PTSS) and the inhibition of aldose reductase (AR). Methods: Macroporous resin was used to purify PTSS, and the antioxidant activities were evaluated with total antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging. AR inhibitory activities were investigated by employing various established systems. Results: The polyphenol eluted by 60% alcohol (PTSS3) exhibit the highest antioxidant activity and AR inhibition, with an r value of 0.9924 ± 0.0066 in correlation analysis. The inhibition mechanism of PTSS3 on AR is uncompetitive inhibition. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that PTSS offers potential for intervening diabetes mellitus and its complications.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF VALERIAN ROOT AS USED BY HERBAL PRACTITIONERS IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE,
Authors: Dyayiya Nelisa , Oyemitan Idris , Matewu Reuben , Oyedeji Opeoluwa , Oluwafemi Samuel , Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta , Songca Sandile , Oyedeji Adebola
Published: May 2022

Background: Herbal practitioners in the Eastern Cape of South Africa use valerian root (Valeriana capensis, Valerianaceae) to manage pains, arthritis and inflammation. The herb prepared from this plant was studied to determine the chemical composition of it’s essential oil, carried out phytochemical screening and biological activities on its infusion extract as used by the herbal practitioner.

Materials and Methods: Essential oil of Valerian root was obtained by hydrodistillation and subjected to chemical analyses. Infusion extract of the Valerian root was screened to determine its secondary metabolites and the relative abundance of some major metabolites. The infusion extract was further evaluated for acute toxicity (LD50), anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in rodents.

Results: The yield of the essential oil was 0.18% w/w. The GC/MS analysis indicated the presence of 42 compounds with major ones being caryophyllene oxide (18.11%), viridiflorol (9.37%) and bornyl acetate (8.84%). Phytochemicals found in the infusion extract were alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids while quantitative screenings showed saponins and flavonoids accounted for 6.39% and 7.40% respectively. The LD50 of the extract was found to be 3808 mg/kg per oral. The infusion extract of the root (250-500 mg/kg, p.o.) caused significant (p
PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLUMS (cv. Santa Rosa) AFFECTED BY AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Altuntas Ebubekir , Yaldiz Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Background: The engineering properties (physical, mechanical and chemical) are importance to post harvest technologies of the agricultural materials. To plum fruits quality, the harvest and postharvest applications, the engineering properties of plum fruits should be considered. The effect of AVG (Aminoethoxyvinylglycine) treatments on some physical, mechanical and chemical properties of plum fruits (cv. Santa Rosa) were determined.

Materials and Methods: For this research, the plant material ‘Santa Rosa’ plum (Prunus domestica) fruits were obtained in Tokat/Turkey (39o51' N and 40o55' E), in 2012. AVG treatments were as 0 mg L-1, 100 mg L-1 and 200 mg L-1, and three different harvest dates including 25 July, 1 August and 7 August were used.

Results: The geometric mean diameter, volume of fruit and surface area values increased with AVG doses, whereas, fruit density decreased as AVG doses increased. L* and b* values decreased from 43.75 to 24.14 and 20.24 to 13.21, whereas, a* value increased from -9.03 to -2.63 for flesh plum, respectively. The fruit removal force of plum fruit increased from 19.09 N to 20.20 N in magnitude with an increase in AVG doses. The friction coefficients of fruits increased as AVG doses increased and harvest dates. Total soluble solids content was higher in AVG-0 (0 mg L-1) as compared to AVG-1 and AVG-2 (100 mg L-1 and 200 mg L-1) AVG-2 applications, whereas, pH and titratable acidity were lower in 200 mg L-1 as compared to 0 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 treatments. Post-harvest technological applications of the plum fruits must be designed by taking criteria into consideration for plum engineering properties.
ACTIVATION OF DIFFERENT CEREBRAL FUNCTIONAL REGIONS FOLLOWING ACUPUNCTURE AT BOT H TAIXI AND TAICHONG ACUPOINTS AND TAIXI ACUPOINTALONE: AN FMRI STUDY
Authors: Wang Y.J. , Zheng Y. , Zhang G.F. , Zhang J.P. , Wu C.X. , Zhang S.Q. , Ouyang H.L. , Li Z.P , Chen J.R. , Qu S.S. , Chen J.Q. , Huang Y. , Tang C.Z.
Published: May 2022

Background: To explore the brain function regions characteristics of the acupoint combination, this study observed activity changes in the brain

regions of healthy volunteers after acupuncture at both Taixi (KI3) and Taichong (LR3) (KI3 + LR3) and KI3 alone using resting-state functional

magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods and Materials: 30 healthy volunteers were randomly allocated into two groups, one group received acupuncture at KI3 and LR3, the

other only acupuncture at KI3, 15 cases in each group. All volunteers underwent resting-state fMRI of the brain 15 minutes before acupuncture,

and which the needle was retained in place for 30 minutes; 15 minutes after withdrawing the needle underwent a further session of resting-state

fMRI. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were used to analyze the changes in brain regions.

Results: The KI3+LR3 group compared with the KI3 group, the ALFF analysis indicated that the brain changes relatively concentrated in BA 2,

3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20, 31, 32, 40, 46 and the cerebellum posterior lobe, the ReHo analysis indicated that the brain changes relatively

concentrated in BA 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 40 and the cerebellum posterior lobe.

Conclusion: Based on this study, compared with acupuncture at KI3, acupuncture at KI3 + LR3 which could specifically influence BA 7, 10, 18,

19, 20, 31, 40 and cerebellum posterior lobe, which may be related to synergy mechanism of two acupoints combination treatment.
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF LOCAL MEDICINAL PLANTS: TOWARDS A REPOSITORY AND MONOGRAPH OF HERBAL MEDICINES IN LESOTHO
Authors: Mugomeri Eltony , Chatanga Peter , Raditladi Tirelo , Makara ‘Mopane , Tarirai Clemence
Published: May 2022

Background: Plants are important sources of medicines. Herbal medicines in Lesotho are exposed to excessive exploitation and habitat

destruction. Comprehensive information to promote proper use and conservation of these herbal medicines is lacking. This study described the

uses of medicinal plants in Lesotho with comparative reference between practice and the literature, highlighting important ethno-medicinal

information and conservation status of the plants. Additionally, the study established a repository and monograph for the herbal medicines in

Lesotho.

Materials and Methods: Medicinal plant samples and information on their uses were obtained from herbalists in four districts of Lesotho

between January and May 2014 through questionnaire-based interviews. Samples consisted of roots, bark, stems or leaves and/or combinations.

Voucher samples were processed into powders, labelled, and stored in a repository. Information on the uses, plant parts used, geographical

distribution, known phytochemical components and conservation status of each plant was recorded in a Microsoft Access database.

Results: Seventy-eight local herbalists were interviewed and men (about 84%) dominated the practice of traditional medicine. Fifty-four herbal

medicine samples were collected and stored in a recently established Lesotho Herbal Medicines Repository (LHMR). The herbal medicines were

from 54 medicinal plant species and 46 genera belonging to 29 plant families. Asteraceae (about 20%) was the most common plant family.

Overall, 46% (n=54) of the prescriptions by local herbalists were similar to prescriptions in the literature at least in part. However, traditional

medicinal uses for 9% of the plant samples could not be confirmed from the literature. Local herbalists use different parts of medicinal plants

with roots being the most frequently (57%) used part. Twenty percent of the plants were threatened with extinction while the conservation status

of 7% of the plants was undocumented.

Conclusion: Training of local herbalists on sustainable harvesting and safe use of medicinal plants is recommended. The repository and

monograph is a useful reference and source of herbal medicine samples for researchers, which need to be expanded to include more medicinal

plants in Lesotho. Local herbalists in Lesotho have valuable indigenous information on medicinal plants that needs to be documented.
INTEGRATED TRADITIONAL CHINESE AND WESTERN MEDICINE FOR MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME: META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Liu Yan , Ding Xiu-fang , Kou Mei-jing , Chen Jia-xu , Zou Xiao-juan , Jiang Rui-xue , Dai Hong
Published: May 2022

Background: To critically assess the evidence of integrated Chinese and western medicine for treating Menopausal syndrome (MPS).

Methods and Materials: A search across the Chinese Biomedical Medicine (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP

database (VIP), Wangfang database (Wanfang), PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to October 31st, 2013) in

commonly used integrated Chinese and western medicine therapies for menopausal syndrome. A number of Randomized Controlled Trials

(RCTs) evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of integrated Chinese and western medicine in patients with PPS were included. The quality of the

included studies was evaluated and a meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan5.0 software.

Results: Twelve RCTs with 1155 patients were evaluated in this review. The results of meta-analysis showed that the therapy of using

integrated Chinese and western medicine was significantly superior to that of western medicine alone towards improving the efficacy, relieving

the clinical symptoms and decreasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)levels (P
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF ZANTHOXYLUM BUNGEANUM-CAKE-SEPARATED MOXIBUSTION ON RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS RATS
Authors: Lei Xulu , Cheng Shirui , Peng Honglian , He Qin , Zhu Hongyu , Xu Mengqian , Wang Qinqin , Liu Li , Zhang Chengshun , Zhou Qizhi , Ying Jian , Zeng Fang , Yin Haiyan , Yu Shuguang
Published: May 2022

Background: Zanthoxylum bungeanum-cake-separated moxibustion (ZBCS-moxi), a kind of traditional therapy of moxibustion, has been used

in China since 340 B.C. However, its mechanism remains unclear. So, this study was attempted to reveal the anti-inflammatory effect of

ZBCS-moxi on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats.

Methods and Materials: Forty health SD female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10/group): control group, model group,

Zanthoxylum bungeanum-cake-separated moxibustion group (ZBCS-moxi group) and Aconitum carmichaeli-cake-separated moxibustion group

(ACCS-moxi group). RA model was induced by injecting 0.1 ml Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) into the right hind paw of rats. Eleven days

after CFA injection, the rats in ZBCS-moxi group received Zanthoxylum bungeanum- cake-separated moxibustion on Shenshu (BL23), Zusanli

(ST36) acupoints and the dorsum right hind paw respectively for 3 weeks. The ACCS-moxi group was used as a positive control, while the rats

were treated with Aconitum carmichaeli-cake-separated moxibustion on the same acupoints and courses. After a 3-week treatment, we

investigated anti-inflammatory effect by measuring the paw volume, observing the pathologic morphology of synovial membranes and detecting

the concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum.

Results: Compared to model group, the swollen paw volumes, the synovial hyperplasia and pannus formation of synovial membranes and the

concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum decreased obviously (P
BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EVIDENCES FOR THE ANTITUMOR POTENTIAL OF TEUCRIUM OLIVERIANUM AND RHAZYA STRICTA IN CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: Shahat Abdelaaty Abdelaziz , Alsaid Mansour S. , Kotob Soheir E. , Husseiny Husseiny A. , Al-Ghamdi Amal A. M. , Ahmed Hanaa H.
Published: May 2022

Background: Teucrium oliverianum and Rhazya stricta are medicinal plants used in traditional and herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes,

liver diseases and inflammatory conditions. The present study was planned to investigate the antitumor efficacy of Teucrium oliverianum and

Rhazya stricta in chemically-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats.

Materials and Methods: Forty adult male rats weighing 170-200 g were divided into four groups; each group was comprised of ten rats: (1): Normal

healthy animals served as negative control group, (2): Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group in which the rats were orally administered Nnitrosodiethylamine

(dissolved in 0.9% normal saline), in a dose of 20 mg/kg b.wt. five times a week for six weeks, (3): HCC group treated with

Teucrium oliverianum extract in a dose of 600 mg/kg b.wt for two months and (4): HCC group treated with Rhazya stricta extract in a dose of 750

mg/kg b.wt for two months. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparatate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gammaglutamyl

transferase (γ-GT) activities were estimated. Serum carcinoembyronic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU),

glypican-3 (GPC-3), golgi protein 73 (Gp-73) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were determined. Histopathological examination

of liver tissue sections was also carried out.

Results: The HCC group showed significant elevation in serum AST, ALT, ALP and γ-GT activities as well as CEA, AFP, AFU, Gpc-3, Gp 73 and

VEGF levels versus the negative control group. Photomicrograph of liver tissue sections of rats in HCC revealed hepatic parenchyma with foci of

anaplastic hepatocellular carcinoma as well as other foci of cystic cholangio carcinoma associated with areas of telangictasis with haemorrhage as

well as individual hepatocellular necrosis.

Conclusion: Treatment of HCC groups with Teucrium oliverianum or Rhazya stricta extract experienced significant improvement in the measured

biochemical parameters as well as in the structural organization of the liver. In conclusion, the current study provided experimental evidences for the

antitumor efficacy of Teucrium oliverianum and Rhazya stricta against hepatocellular carcinoma. Such effect could be attributed to

hepatoprotective properties, antiproliferative activity and antiangiogenic potential.
ANTINEPHROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF PERSEA AMERICANA (AVOCADO) AND VIBURNUM OPULUS (GUELDER ROSE) AGAINST ETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED NEPHROLITHIASIS IN RATS
Authors: Erdem Galip , Kesik Vural , Honca Tevfik , Ozcan Ayhan , Uguz Sami , Akgul Emin Ozgur , Aykutlug Omer , Alp Bilal Firat , Korkmazer Nadir , Saldir Mehmet , Bayrak Ziya
Published: May 2022

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a severe health problem causing morbidity. Chemolisis, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

(SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), retrograde ureterorenoscopy (URS), and open and laparoscopic surgery are used for

treatment with various success rates. Medical treatments with fewer complications were investigated thoroughly.

Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effects of Persea americana (avocado) leaves and Viburnum opulus (guelder

rose) fruits on nephrolithiasis in an animal model and used 42 rats. The groups received both low and high doses of Persea americana

leaves and Viburnum opulus fruit ethanol extracts orally for 28 days. These two plants have been used for years in Turkey for their

nephrolithiatic effect.

Results: Avocado and guelder rose increased the urine volume and urine citrate levels, decreased urine cystine and oxalate levels, and

lowered the crystal deposits in kidney tissue. Avocado and guelder rose also prevented oxidant damage and crystal formation in kidney

tissue samples.

Conclusion: The two plants that have been used for years for nephrolithiasis treatment in Turkey can safely be used for kidney stones.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-ADIPOGENIC EFFECTS OF SLENDESTATM, STANDARD POTATO EXTRACTS CONTAINS 5% PROTEASE INHIBITOR II
Authors: Lee Dae Geon , Park Sang In , Kang Su Jin , Kim Joo Wan , Lee Eun Kyoung , Song Chang Hyung , Han Chang Hyun , Lee Young Joon , Ku Sae Kwang
Published: May 2022

Background: The objective of present study is to observe the anti-adipogenic effects of SlenestaTM (SLD), a standard potato protein extracts containing 5% potato protease inhibitor II (PI2) on the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes which are able to differentiate into mature adipocytes and accumulate lipids, as an obesity model with cytotoxicity and antioxidant effects.

Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of SLD was observed against 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line by MTT assay, and also anti-adipogenic effects were observed through lipid accumulation assay during 3T3-L1 differentiation as comparing with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). In addition, antioxidant effects of SLD were detected by free radical scavenging capacity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity as comparing with ascorbic acid.

Results: SLD showed obvious cytotoxicity against 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line at higher concentrations, from 1.5 mg/ml for 72 hrs treatment, and cytotoxic IC50 of SLD after 24, 48 and 72 hrs treatment times were detected as 10.11 ± 0.67, 5.71 ± 0.37 and 5.34 ± 0.21 mg/ml, respectively. SLD concentration-dependently inhibited the lipid accumulations formatted during 3T3-L1 cell differentiations, and also effectively showed DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 161.98 ± 64.65 μg/ml) and SOD-like effects (IC50 = 284.54 ± 54.47 μg/ml).

Conclusion: The results suggest that SLD effectively inhibited 3T3-L1 adipose cell differentiations may be through antioxidant activities and direct cytotoxicity in case of higher concentration, along with already known satiety effects mediated by increases of circulating cholecystokinin. These findings are considered as direct evidences that SLD may serve as a predictable functional ingredient for obesity as an alternative therapy.
A CYTOGENIC MONITORING APPROACH OF HOSPITAL WORKERS OCCUPTIONALLY EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATIONS USING MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY
Authors: Sultana Salma , Tabassum Sadia , Sultana Tayyaba , Al-Ghanim K.A , Shah Komal , Mahboob Shahid
Published: May 2022

Background: The objective of this study was to determine chromosomal damage in occupational workers of the radiation department

from three different hospitals, Faisalabad, Pakistan exposed for a long term to ionizing radiations using micronucles (MN) assay. A

comparison between exposed and non-exposed subjects (controlled) of same age exhibited a significant an increase in the number of

micronuclei in occupational workers. MN frequency increases with an increase in age and duration of exposure in both sexes but higher

in females.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the District Head Quarter Hospital (DHQ), Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine

(PINUM) and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The total 145 subjects were selected from these hospitals. The subjects were divided

into two groups. The control group (N= 40) (20 males and 20 females) of healthy subjects (no exposure) and the second group of subjects

(N=105) (68 males and 37 females) subjects of occupational workers who were indirectly exposed to radiation. Blood samples (2ml)

were collected in sodium heparinised vaccutainer tubes through venipuncture from both the groups. Disposable syringes were used for

this purpose. For the evaluation of MN yield, slides were prepared by following the method of Jorge et al. (2004).

Results: A significant difference in micro nuclear induction was observed between the occupational subjects and the control subjects and

as well as in females and in males (P < 0.01). Females are more vulnerable to ionizing radiation than males. In females, MN yield was

two times higher than males. MN frequency was increased with an increase in age and duration of exposure in both sexes, but higher in

females and may be due to an increase in chromosomal loss in hospital workers. There is an individual response to the physical noxa,

depending on sex, age and exposure. Smoking and drinking habits do not have a significant effect in increasing the number of MN in

occupationally exposed workers.

Conclusion: It was concluded that females are more vulnerable to ionizing radiations than males. MN test can be used as a biomarker

with a predictive value for the estimation in occupationally exposed subjects.
AMELIORATING EFFECT OF HAWTHORN (CRATAEGUS OXYACANTHA) AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON ACUTE PENICILLIN INDUCED SEIZURES IN GERBILS
Authors: Cakir Serkan , Orallar Hayriye , Cetinkaya Ayhan , Kayacan YÄ±ldÄ±rÄ±m , Onal Ali Can , Yildirim Arzu , Beyazcicek Ersin , Benek Selim , Ozkan Murat , Ince Omer Baris , Okur Nezih
Published: May 2022

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and physical activity. We studied its effect on penicilline induced epilepticus (Pie) in gerbils. Pie was induced by administration of penicilline G (500 IU, ip). The gerbils were divided randomly in four groups (6 animals per each group) and studied as described below: 1) Control group 2) Exercise group (30 min/each day for 8 weeks) (Eg) 3) Extract group, 50mg/kg/day/animal in 1 ml saline, 3 h prior to exercise (Exe) 4) Exercise+Extract + (Exe+Ex). The severity of Pie was observed and recorded. The means of latencies (Mean±SE) were 236±45, 369±36, 386±58 and 433±37 ms in groups of control, Exe, Ex, and Exe+Ex respectively. The mean spike latency significantly (P=0,033 F=3,560) decreased in Exe, Ex and Exe+Ex when compared control. Although spike frequency significantly (P
SERUM PROTEIN PROFILE OF MALARIA PATIENTS THROUGH SDS PAGE METHOD
Authors: Shams Saira , Ahmed Shabir , Ayaz Sultan , Abd_Allah E. F. , Shams Sumaira , Niaz Sadaf , Gul Irum , Gul Naila , Ullah Riaz
Published: May 2022

Background: Malaria is a crucial disease that causes huge mortality and morbidity, along with economic losses in term of purchasing

medicines in underdeveloped countries such as Pakistan.

Materials and Methods: A total of 150 human blood samples were collected from the Districts of Karak and Kohat Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa, in Pakistan, and were examined through microscopy and then all positive samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE method

for the detection of antibodies against plasmodium.

Result: The overall prevalence of malaria was found to be 18% (27/150). The prevalence of plasmodium species was “21.3% (16/75) and

14.6% (11/75) in the Districts of Karak and Kohat respectively. The prevalence of plasmodium species i.e. P. vivax and P. falciparum, in

the Districts of Karak and Kohat, was found to be 14.6% (22/150) and 3.33% (5/150) respectively. Among these, P. vivax 10.6% (8/75)

and P.falciparum 4% (3/75) were noted in the District of Kohat; while P. vivax 18.6% (14/75) and P. falciparum 2.6% (2/75) were found

in the District of Karak Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan respectively”. The serum protein of malaria patients were 57KDA and 78KDA

bands, which were determined by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Poly-Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique.

Conclusion: The SDS page method is the most accurate diagnostic assay and was recognized as a most reliable method in the diagnosis

of antibodies produced against Plasmodium spps. The proteins bands of Serum protein of malaria patients may be undertaken for study to

develop possible future vaccine.
PHYSIO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AJUGA BRACTEOSA WALL. AND VIOLA ODOROTO LINN
Authors: Shad Anwar Ali , Zeeshan M. , Fazal Hina , Shah Hamid Ullah , Ahmed Shabir , Abeer Hasem , Abd_Allah E. F. , Ullah Riaz , Afridi Hamid , Tariq Akash , Adnan Muhammad , Asma -
Published: May 2022

Background: Ajuga bracteosa and Viola odorata are frequently used by the native people of Swat-Pakistan for the curing of fever,

malaria, cough, urinary and stomach disorders with slightly different practice of usage like raw powdered, extracts, decoction etc.

Methods and Materials: Disc Diffusion Method was used for determination of antimicrobial activities of both plants. Nutrient Agar

Media was used for the culturing and growth of all microbial strains. Vitamin C and minerals contents were determined by standard

method of AOAC. Na and K were analyzed by using flame photometric technique. Micro minerals i.e. “Ni, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ca, Pb,

and Mg” were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Total Soluble Solid (TSS) was determined by using abbe

refractometer and pH was determined by using pH meter.

Results: The present study demonstrates that both plants exhibited antibacterial activities against P. aeruginos, E. coli, S. typhi, B.

subtilis and S. aureus. The examined plants showed zone of inhibition for aqueous fraction (50.90, 45.90 %) against P. aeruginosa; for

EtOAc fraction (41.37, 57.62%) against C. Albicans and for hexane fraction (25.86, 40.57%) against K. pneumoniae, respectively. Total

of 14 different minerals (Na, K, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd) were determined and it was also observed that both the

examined plants contained significant level of these analyzed minerals. The subject plants contained highest level of magnesium (295.75,

145.85 mg 100-1g) and calcium (212.49, 44.00 mg 100-1g) and potassium (152.6, 437.45 mg 100-1g) while moderate level P, Zn, Na and

lower amount of Cd, Ni, Mn and Cu using Atomic Absorption, Flame Photometry and spectrophotometric techniques. V. odorata was

found to contain a higher amount of vitamin C (64.05±12.37mg 100-1g) as compared to A. bracteosa (45.45 ± 7.29 mg 100-1 g).

Conclusion: Findings of this study can persuade researchers for future comprehensive phytochemical study of these plants using state of

art techniques and instruments, which include not only isolation of secondary metabolites from these plants but biological evaluation of

isolated compounds both in vivo and in vitro
EVIDENCE-GUIDED OPTIMIZATION OF HERBAL FORMULA CHEONG-HWA-BO-UM-TANG USING MULTIPLEX CYTOKINE PROFILING
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Park Wansu
Published: May 2022

Background: Cheong-Hwa-Bo-Um-Tang (CHB) has been traditionally used to treat pharyngolaryngitis and throat inflammation in

Korea. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of CHB and the exact component proportion ratio of CHB have not been fully

reported.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to optimize the component proportion ratio of CHB on the basis of experimental

evidence using multiplex cytokine profiling assay in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.

Results: The optimized CHB (named Chunhwabun-Cheong-Hwa-Bo-Um-Tang) inhibited the production of NO, IL-6, MCP-1, GMCSF,

IL-10, IP-10, VEGF, M-CSF, RANTES, MIP-1β, LIF, LIX, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages

without decreasing cell viability (P
INDIGENOUS PLANT-DERIVED MEDICINE USED BY ORDINARY COMMUNITY MEMBERS OTHER THAN TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERS FOR PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE IN MOHLALETSI COMMUNITY IN LIMPOPO PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Agnes Rankoana Sejabaledi
Published: May 2022

Background: Research on medical ethnobotany shows that ordinary community members in the rural areas have knowledge of selfpreventive

care which is accomplished through administration of plant medicine to prevent the onset of disease and create a sense of

well-being. Several medicinal plants and traditional medicines derived from them have been used to enhance resistance to several

disease agents. The present study documented the indigenous plant-derived medicines used by Mohlaletsi community members to

minimize the chances of contracting disease thus promoting good health and well-being.

Materials and Methods: Structured interviews were used to collect data among 80 respondents purposely sampled to share

knowledge about the use of indigenous plant-derived medicine for preventive health care.

Results: The results of the study revealed six indigenous plant species belonging to six families identified as sources of medicine

administered for preventive care of primary health care. Preventive medicine is prepared from the mixture of plant parts

administered to limit susceptibility to disease and improve the general well-being. The medicine is repeatedly reported to promote

good health and well-being of the children by limiting the children’s vulnerability to disease and promote their welfare.

Conclusion: Ordinary community members use plant-derived medicine to prevent attack by disease in an effort to promote good

health and well-being. This type of preventive care may form the basis for community participation towards the achievement of

primary health care needs in the rural areas.
‘THEY CALL US KILLERS’: AN EXPLORATION OF HERBAL, SPIRITUAL AND WESTERN MEDICAL PRACTICES IN MOMBASA, KENYA
Authors: Enumah Z. O. , Rafiq Mohamed Y. , Ayele Wossen
Published: May 2022

Background: This paper attempts to describe the multi-dimensional perceptions of mganga/waganga (Kiswahili: traditional healers)

by members of their constituencies, patients, government health officials and religious leaders in Mombasa, Kenya. It also seeks to

investigate how these conceptions and perceptions influence the relationships between traditional healers and other stakeholders in

the delivery of public healthcare services in Mombasa.

Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach consisting of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was employed and

43 research participants were interviewed during the period of two months in the summer of 2010. Data were recorded (video and

audio), transcribed, and analyzed using the constant comparison method.

Results: Findings indicate that varied opinions and interpretations of mganga influence both the decision-making process of the

patient and the provision of healthcare by the healer. High tensions exist between mganga and other actors, and furthermore, such

perceptions seem to evidence themselves in the government’s support for waganga, as well as the delineation of healthcare

services—whereby certain stakeholders and participants are relegated to specific tasks.

Conclusions: This research builds upon the growing body of knowledge on how African patients—in general and Kenya in

particular—and healers inhabit a multifaceted arena of healing in order to effectively negotiate their positions and needs to make

complex decisions involving care, contingent upon local economic, social, cultural, and religious factors.