bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radial glial cells in the adult dentate gyrus: what are they and where do they come from?
Authors: Berg Daniel A. , Bond Allison M. , Ming Guo-li , Song Hongjun
Published: March 2018

Adult neurogenesis occurs in the dentate gyrus in the mammalian hippocampus. These new neurons arise from neural precursor cells named radial glia-like cells, which are situated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Here, we review the emerging topic of precursor heterogeneity in the adult subgranular zone. We also discuss how this heterogeneity may be established during development and focus on the embryonic origin of the dentate gyrus and radial glia-like stem cells. Finally, we discuss recently developed single-cell techniques, which we believe will be critical to comprehensively investigate adult neural stem cell origin and heterogeneity.
Case Report: Complex ureteral stenosis treated with ileal substitution
Authors: Catarino Raquel , Cardoso André , Ferreira Carlos , Pereira Diogo , Correia Tiago , Cerqueira Manuel , Carmo Reis Frederico , Prisco Rui
Published: March 2018

Ileal substitution of the ureter is a complex procedure, considered a surgery of the last resort in ureteral repair and is useful in the presence of an extensive ureteral stricture. It is indicated in cases of long or multiple ureteral stenosis.

There are few large studies in the literature reporting the outcome of this procedure. We present a case report of a patient with long ureteral stenosis surgically treated with ileal substitution of the right ureter, with an isoperistaltic ileal segment of 22 cm, with no detubularization. The patient had no perioperative complications and presented normal renal function. Currently, after 20 months of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic, presents no urinary infections, no relapse of stenosis and has preserved renal function.

In conclusion, ileal substitution of the ureter is a surgical technique that should be considered in cases of long, proximal or multiple ureteral stenosis, when there is no other surgical option.
Significance of intra-operative blood pressure data resolution: A retrospective, observational study
Authors: Packiasabapathy Senthil , Susheela Ammu T. , Mujica Fernando , Subramaniam Balachundhar
Published: March 2018

Background: With evolving techniques for analysis of blood pressure (BP) variability, the importance of sampling resolution for intra-operative BP still remains to be examined. This study aims at comparing BP data with beat-by-beat vs. 15 second resolution.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of intra-arterial BP data obtained from cardiac surgical patients from the intra-operative period. Data was collected from two sources for each patient, one with beat-by-beat frequency, other at a frequency of once every 15 seconds. The fraction of time and area under the curve beyond systolic BP thresholds of 95 – 135 mmHg were calculated using data from both sources, for each patient. These were compared using Wilcoxon ranked sum test for paired samples using R-statistics version 3.4.3.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the parameters from the two sources. This was especially true for parameters below and outside the thresholds. Only time fraction showed significant difference above the 135 mmHg threshold.

Conclusion: Our preliminary analysis shows a definitive difference between BP descriptors, depending on sampling resolution. But the impact of this difference on the outcome predicting models of the parameters stands to be ascertained. Future larger studies, powered to examine the impact of sampling resolution on outcome predictive ability of BP descriptors, with special emphasis on dynamic markers of complexity are warranted.
Role of extracellular matrix in breast cancer development: a brief update
Authors: Jena Manoj Kumar , Janjanam Jagadeesh
Published: March 2018

Evidence is increasing on the crucial role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in breast cancer progression, invasion and metastasis with almost all mortality cases owing to metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is the first signal of metastasis involving different transcription factors such as Snail, TWIST, and ZEB1. ECM remodeling is a major event promoting cancer invasion and metastasis; where matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-2, -9, -11, and -14 play vital roles degrading the matrix proteins for cancer spread. The β-D mannuronic acid (MMP inhibitor) has anti-metastatic properties through inhibition of MMP-2, and -9 and could be a potential therapeutic agent. Besides the MMPs, the enzymes such as LOXL2, LOXL4, procollagen lysyl hydroxylase-2, and heparanase also regulate breast cancer progression. The important ECM proteins like integrins (b1-, b5-, and b6- integrins), ECM1 protein, and Hic-5 protein are also actively involved in breast cancer development. The stromal cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and adipocytes also contribute in tumor development through different processes. The TAMs become proangiogenic through secretion of VEGF-A and building vessel network for nourishment and invasion of the tumor mass. The latest developments of ECM involvement in breast cancer progression has been discussed in this review and this study will help researchers in designing future work on breast cancer pathogenesis and developing therapy targeted to the ECM components.
The systematic approach to improving care for Frail Older Patients (SAFE) study: A protocol for co-designing a frail older person’s pathway
Authors: Ní Shé Éidín , McCarthy Mary , O'Donnell Deirdre , Collins Orla , Hughes Graham , Salter Nigel , Cogan Lisa , O'Donoghue Coailfhionn , McGrath Emmet , O'Donovan John , Patton Andrew , McAuliffe Eilish , O'Shea Diarmuid , Cooney Marie Therese
Published: March 2018

Background: Frailty is the age-accelerated decline across multiple organ systems which leads to vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis after a stressor event. This loss of reserve means that a minor illness can result in a disproportionate loss of functional ability. Improving acute care for frail older patients is now a national priority and an important aspect of the National Programme for Older People in Ireland. Evidence suggests that an interdisciplinary approach incorporating rapid comprehensive geriatric assessment and early intervention by an interdisciplinary team can reduces susceptibility to hospitalisation related functional decline. The aim of the Systematic Approach to Improving Care for Frail Older Patients (SAFE) is to develop and explore the process of implementing a model of excellence in the delivery of patient-centred integrated care within the context of frail older people’s acute admissions.

Methods: The SAFE study will employ a mixed methodology approach, including a rapid realist review of the current literature alongside a review of baseline data for older people attending the emergency department. Semi-structured interviews will be undertaken to document the current pathway. The intervention processes and outcomes will be jointly co-designed by a patient and public involvement (PPI) group together with the interdisciplinary healthcare professionals from hospital, community and rehabilitation settings. Successive rounds of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles will then be undertaken to test and refine the pathway for full implementation.

Discussion: This research project will result in a plan for implementing an integrated, patient-centred pathway for acute care of the frail older people which has been tested in the Irish setting. During the process of development, each element of the new pathway will be tested in turn to ensure that patient centred outcomes are being realised. This will ensure the resulting model of care is ready for implementation in the context of the Irish health service.
The «New» Social and Labor Relations in Terms of Digitalization of The Economy
Authors: Свистунов Василий , Svistunov Vasiliy , Лобачев Виталий , Lobachyev Vitaliy
Published: March 2018

The article is devoted to transformation of social and labor relations as an important result of the digitalization of the economies of the leading countries of the world. The relevance of the topic of the article due to the fact that the modern period of economic development of Russia requires special attention to the sociolabour relations, principally changing in the context of globalization. The processes indicate serious and deep changes in socio-labour relations under the impact of modern information technology, which is a key tool of globalization. Based on the analysis of the changes, reflected in the aggravation of problems of employment of the population, the specificity of the effects of digitization on labor relations is shown. Based on the results of the analysis of the main modern trends of the transformation of social and labor relations in the conditions of digitization of the economy are justified.
Researching of Corporate Portals Resources in the Staff Involvement Management
Authors: Иванова Ирина , Ivanova Irina
Published: March 2018

The contest of this article is author’s attempt to justify perspectives of using corporate portals, as well as staff involvement management recourse. Special attention is paid to benefits of using corporate portal as well as one of method of staffs’ e-government in modern organizations. Actuality of using corporate portal how the activation of community space caused by abilities of organization to bring together staff to achieve its intended objectives and increasing involvement in corporate space. For his conclusions and recommendations, the author relies on the researching results aimed at demonstrated impact of corporate portal resources for the staff involvement to cases of specific organization. It can be concluded based thereon, that this information space definitely demanded in organization management and contributes for the active involvement to the staff to solute different management decisions.
You had me at ‘hello’
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: March 2018

What we say and how we say it can have a big influence on outcomes, says Julie Bissett
ANÁLISE DE CRESCIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE Eucalyptus urocan SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E DOSES DE SILÍCIO
Authors: Carneiro Custódio Ivan , Felício Ricardo , Souza Nascente Alainy Carla , Gomes de Freitas Santos Priscilla , Souza da Silveira Patrícia , Santos Matos Fábio
Published: March 2018

O objetivo com o presente estudo foi identificar o efeito da adubação silicatada no crescimento de plantas de Eucalyptus urocam sob déficit hídrico. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação coberta com plástico transparente e laterais de sombrite com 50% de interceptação da radiação solar sobre bancada no campo experimental da Universidade Estadual de Goiás. As mudas foram transplantadas em vasos de doze litros contendo uma mistura de solo, areia e esterco na proporção de 3:1:0,5, respectivamente. Seguiu o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (50 e 100% de água equivalente a evapotranspiração diária e aplicação de Silício foliar na concentração de 0 e 1 g L-1) seis repetições. As doses de Si utilizadas não apresentaram  interação com o déficit hídrico. Os Eucalyptus urocam  não são acumuladoras de Si e a adubação silicatada não interferiu no crescimento vegetativo e relações hídricas desta espécie de Eucalipto. As plantas de Eucalyptus urocam apresentam como estratégia de tolerância a seca a maximização da absorção e minimização da perda de água pela maior alocação de biomassa para o sistema radicular e redução da transpiração e, soma-se a isto as alterações nas concentrações foliares de pigmentos fotossintéticos como mecanismo de fotoproteção.
A novel organ culture model of a joint for the evaluation of static and dynamic load on articular cartilage
Authors: Lin Y-C. , Hall A. C. , Simpson A. H. R. W.
Published: March 2018

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to create a novel ex vivo organ culture model for evaluating the effects of static and dynamic load on cartilage.

Methods

The metatarsophalangeal joints of 12 fresh cadaveric bovine feet were skinned and dissected aseptically, and cultured for up to four weeks. Dynamic movement was applied using a custom-made machine on six joints, with the others cultured under static conditions. Chondrocyte viability and matrix glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were evaluated by the cell viability probes, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) and propidium iodide (PI), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay, respectively.

Results

Chondrocyte viability in the static model decreased significantly from 89.9% (sd 2.5%) (Day 0) to 66.5% (sd 13.1%) (Day 28), 94.7% (sd 1.1%) to 80. 9% (sd 5.8%) and 80.1% (sd 3.0%) to 46.9% (sd 8.5%) in the superficial quarter, central half and deep quarter of cartilage, respectively (p < 0.001 in each zone; one-way analysis of variance). The GAG content decreased significantly from 6.01 μg/mg (sd 0.06) (Day 0) to 4.71 μg/mg (sd 0.06) (Day 28) (p < 0.001; one-way analysis of variance). However, with dynamic movement, chondrocyte viability and GAG content were maintained at the Day 0 level over the four-week period without a significant change (chondrocyte viability: 92.0% (sd 4.0%) (Day 0) to 89.9% (sd 0.2%) (Day 28), 93.1% (sd 1.5%) to 93.8% (sd 0.9%) and 85.6% (sd 0.8%) to 84.0% (sd 2.9%) in the three corresponding zones; GAG content: 6.18 μg/mg (sd 0.15) (Day 0) to 6.06 μg/mg (sd 0.09) (Day 28)).

Conclusion

Dynamic joint movement maintained chondrocyte viability and cartilage GAG content. This long-term whole joint culture model could be of value in providing a more natural and controlled platform for investigating the influence of joint movement on articular cartilage, and for evaluating novel therapies for cartilage repair. Cite this article: Y-C. Lin, A. C. Hall, A. H. R. W. Simpson. A novel organ culture model of a joint for the evaluation of static and dynamic load on articular cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:205–212. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0320.
Transmidiação da personagem em A vida como ela é...: refiguração e sobrevida
Authors: Cunha Nayane Yuri Taniguchi
Published: March 2018

Este artigo reflete sobre a sobrevida das personagens de A vida como ela é..., que transcendem as crônicas impressas (décadas de 1950 e 1960) do jornalista brasileiro Nelson Rodrigues e ganham nova figura derivada de um processo de transmidiação. Na televisão, os dispositivos retórico- discursivos, de ficcionalização e de conformação acional e comportamental, que compõem o processo de figuração das personagens na narrativa impressa, processam-se pela linguagem verbal oral, visual e auditiva, atribuindo ao casting fundamental importância. Observa-se como a linguagem desse meio introduz fatores que concretizam a refiguração das personagens no contexto televisivo, sobretudo a partir da imagem. À luz da atual conformação dos estudos narrativos, caracterizada pela interdisciplinaridade e pela transnarratividade, este trabalho reafirma não só revalorização da personagem, mas também do estudo da narrativa aplicado em outros campos, como o da comunicação.
Management strategies to improve reproductive performance of Brahman cross cattle (Bos indicus) in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ratnawati Dian , Indrakusuma D. A. , Affandhy Lukman , Cowley F. , Mayberry D. , Poppi D.
Published: March 2018

The demand for meat in Indonesia cannot be supplied by domestic cattle production, and so breeder cattle stock are imported from abroad overseas to increase domestic production. A commonly imported breed is Brahman cross bred (Bx). Smallholder farmers have reported a wide range of problems associated with Bx cow reproductive performance. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in the reproductive performance of Bx cows by providing advice to farmers on improved management strategies, such as: maintaining body condition score (BCS) of cow> 3, appropriate estrous detection and weaning at 5- 6 months. This study was conducted from October 2011 – December 2013 by using 189 Bx cows and 151 farmers. The research was conducted in two sub districts of Lamongan district (East Java), Modo and Sambeng. Cattle were fed diets based on crop residues and were supplemented with green feeds, by-products (rice bran) and concentrate during the last 2 months of pregnancy and early lactation. The reproductive performance of cows improved during the study, there were a shorter lactation length/early weaning (reduced from 188 days to 153 days) and improved BCS (from 3.0 to 3.3). The length of postpartum anestrous interval (PPAI) decreased from 198 days to 98 days. Cycling to conception decreased from 75 days to 64 days and days open decreased from 217 days to 118 days over the length of the study. This was associated with improvement in BCS of cows at calving (from 3.0 to 3.3) and a shorter lactation length (reduced from 188 days to 153 days). There was no change in the average birth weight of calves (31.8 kg). There was no change in average weaning weight of calves over the year and average daily gain of calves while suckling 0.7 kg/day. The pre weaning calf mortality rate was decreased during this study (from 13% to 6%). This project demonstrated that Brahman cross cows can successfully be kept by smallholder farmers in Indonesia if appropiate management is used. It can be concluded that improving management, such as maintaining body condition score of cow >3, estrous detection, appropiate mating and weaning at 5-6 months can improve reproduction performance of Brahman cross.

Key Words: Reproduction, Cattle, Brahman Cross
Bioactivities and analysis of peptides from Sumbawa horse milk generated by Bacillus thuringiensis protease
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Eni , Widiastuti R. , Kusumaningrum H. D. , Suhartono M. T.
Published: March 2018

Sumbawa horse milk is claimed to cure some diseases such as asthma, hypertension, diabetes and gastrointestinal disorder but its potential bioactive peptide has not been explored. The aims of this study are to evaluate bioactivities peptides from Sumbawa horse milk protein hydrolysate and to analyzethe physio-chemical properties of selected peptides. The milk protein was hydrolyzed by Bacillus thuringiensis protease, the peptide produced were sequential fractionated and then analyzed for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The peptide fraction <3 kDa was then sequenced using LCMS-MS and the physio-chemical properties of the peptides were analyzed. The result showed that peptides fraction <3 kDa from the 30 min hydrolysis was the most active as antibacterial and more active to Gram negative bacteria.  For antioxidant, scavenging activity of the fraction per µg protein/mL were 83% to ABTS and 31% to DPPH radicals. The values were similar with vitamin C 12.5 µg/mL for ABTS and 14.5 µg/mL for DPPH. Peptide HPYFYAPELLYYANK with molecular weight prediction 1887.92 Da and isoelectric point 7.47 has high therapeutic index prediction (64.75). The result showed that peptides from Sumbawa horse milk hydrolyzed by Bacillus thuringiensis protease was active as antibacterial and antioxidant. Peptide HPYFYAPELLYYANK from fraction <3 kDa was potential as antibacterial.

Key Words: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bioactive Peptide, Horse Milk
Effectiveness of DMSO concentration on recovery rate and viability of primordial germ cell of Gaok chicken
Authors: Kostaman Tatan , Yusuf Tuti L. , Fachrudin M. , Setiadi M. A.
Published: March 2018

Recent technological developments to produce germ line chimeras with primordial germ cell (PGC) transfer into the recipient embryo provide an opportunity to conserve and retrieval of chicken genetic resources in complete form. The study was conducted to obtain the most effective DMSO percentage to recovery rate and viability of Gaok chicken PGC after freezing which will later be feasible to be transferred. In this study, the eggs of Gaok chicken were incubated for about 2.5 - 3 days to obtain embryos at stages 14 - 16. Blood retrieval was done through the dorsal aorta using micropipettes under microscope. The procedure of PGC isolation of Gaok chicken with centrifugation gradient was using nycodenz as a substance. Commercially available cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide = DMSO) were used for PGC freezing. Isolated and frozen PGCs of Gaok chicken were diluted with cryoprotectants containing 2.5; 5 and 10% DMSO in fetal bovine serum (FBS). The recovery rate of 2.5; 5 and 10% DMSO concentration were 36.4; 48.2 and 48 % respectively. The viability of PGC after freezing was significantly higher for 5% DMSO compared with 2.5% DMSO (P<0.05), but not different from 10% DMSO. It can be concluded that the concentration DMSO of 5 % was effectve contration in freezing Gaok chicken PGC.
Effect of Bali cattle ovarian status on oocytes nuclear maturation and in vitro fertilization rate
Authors: Sonjaya Herry , Yusuf M. , Hamdana A. , Utamy Renny Fatmyah , Gustina Sri , Hasbi Hasbi
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the reproductive status influences the nuclear maturation and fertilization rates of bali cattle oocytes in vitro. Several pairs of ovary were classified into four groups: 1) ovaries with Corpus Luteum (CL) and Dominant Follicle (DF), 2) ovaries without CL and with DF, 3) ovaries with CL and without DF, 4) ovaries without both CL and DF. In the first experiment, oocytes were collected by slicing method in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and 100 IU/ml penicillin streptomycin. Oocytes were matured in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 10 IU/ml Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), 10 IU/ml Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and 50 μg/ml gentamycin. Oocytes were matured in 5% CO2 incubator, 38oC for 24 h. In the second experiment, oocytes were matured and then fertilized in vitro to observe pronuclear formation. The first experiment showed that the percentage of oocytes reached methaphase-II (MII) stage on ovaries with CL and without DF (89.47%) were higher (P<0,01) compared to ovaries without both CL and DF (75,47%), ovaries without CL and with DF (74.,41%), or ovaries with CL and DF (65,52%). The result of second experiment showed that the ovarian reproductive status was not significantly different (P>0.05) on fertilization rate.
Anticoccidial activity of Artemisinin and Extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella
Authors: Wiedosari Ening , Wardhana April Hari
Published: March 2018

The continuous use of anticoccidial drug in chicken often continuously generates drug resistance and tissue residue; so thatconsequently, a safe alternative anticoccidial drug based on herb is fundamentally required. The aim of thise study was to examine anticcocidial activity of artemisinin and extract of Artemesia annua leaves in chicken infected by Eimeria tenella. A total of 35 chickens of Cobb strain was divided into seven groups with five replicates birds per group, i.e. uninfected chicken group (P I), infected but untreated chicken group (P II), infected and treated chicken group with 8.5 ppm, 17 ppm, 34 ppm, for P III, P IV and P V respectively, infected and treated chicken with 17 ppm of A. annua extract (P VI) and infected and treated chicken with Sulfa (P VII). All chicken, except the uninfected group, whereas infected with 2000 infective oocyst of E. tenella except the uninfected group. Treatment was delivered by oral, once per day for eight days. The criteria observed were clinical manifestation of chickens, number of oocyst in feces, body weight, cecal lesion score, haematocrit (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin value. The results showed that extract of A. annua leaves (P VI) was the most effective treatment to reduce the number of oocyst in feces (74.18%), followed by 34 ppm of artemisinin group (P VII). In addition, application of A. annua extract and artemisinin was significantly able to decreased the cecal lesion score (P<0.05). Even though body weight and Hb value were not indifferent significantly different (p>0.05), however A. annua extract and artemisinin treatments were significantly able to hold PCV value on normal level compared to P II and P IV (P<0.05). It concluded that extract A. annua leaves and artemisinin could be used an alternative anticoccidial in chickens.
Genetic polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN genes in crosses Peranakan Ongole cattle based on birth type in Central Java
Authors: Anggraeni Anneke , Talib Chalid , Asmarasari Santi Ananda , Herawati Tati , Andreas Erik
Published: March 2018

Genetic Polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN Genes in Crossbred of Peranakan Ongole Cattle Based on Birth Type in Central Java. Improved productivity by crossing Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle to exotic beef cattle through AI mating is preferred by many farmers in Central Java. Fertility determines the ability of a cow to give birth.  IGF1 gene is predicted to affect either twin or multiple births in cattle, whereas GH and OPN genes determine reproductive fertility. Genetic polymorphisms of these three genes were studied in the crossbred of PO cattle for single birth (S) as well as twin and multiple (M) births or their historical (M) ones from two districts in Central Java, from Sragen (S = 7 hd and M = 13 hd.) and from Kendal (S = 9 hd, and M = 16 hd.).  Genetic polymorphisms were identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) method using restriction enzymes of SnaBI (IGF1 gene), MSpI (GH gene), and BsrI (OPN gene).  IGF1|SnaBI locus in the observed crossbred PO did not have SNP polymorphism or monomorphic for single and twins or multiple births.  In contrast, GH|MSpI and OPN|BsrI loci were polymorphic with quite a high degree of diversity.  In conclusion, the IGF1|SnaBI locus cannot be used to investigate possible genetic control of twins and multiple births, whilst GH|MSpI and OPN|BsrI polymorphisms can be considered as initial information for selection on fertility traits in beef cattle.
Epidemiology of traumatic myiasis due to Chrysomya bezziana in Indonesia
Authors: Wardhana April Hari , Abadi I. , Cameron M. M. , Ready P. D. , Hall M. J.R.
Published: March 2018

Epidemiology of traumatic myiasis in Indonesia was studied by the widespread collection of fly larvae from infested livestock in passive case detection surveys involving veterinary clinics. In addition, monthly data from Kediri regency in Eastern Java were analysed from 2006-2009 to explore the seasonality of myiasis. Larvae from a total of 260 cases from the nationwide survey and 341 cases from Kediri were identified. Except for 5 cases of chicken infestation due to Musca species in the nationwide survey, all other cases were exclusively caused by the Old World screwworm (OWS) fly, Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The monthly numbers of cases at Kediri were very variable, with cases in all months, but there was statistical evidence for an increase in cases in January and December, during the rainy season. The greatest numbers of infestations recorded were from cattle and goats. The most frequently infested sites nationwide and in Kediri were the vulva and umbilicus, associated with calving, which is a major risk period for traumatic myiasis. Mitochondrial DNA typing of 176 specimens was useful for detecting multiple infestations, but no association was found between genetic lineage and host. The equatorial climate of Indonesia, combined with poor husbandry systems are factors that help to support OWS fly development year round. Even if not considered a disease of strategic importance, screwworm myiasis remains a threat to livestock production in Indonesia and a major welfare issue that requires constant interventions by farmers. The new and collated epidemiological data presented represent the most extensive survey of traumatic myiasis in Indonesia to date and provide a valuable baseline to support integrated pest management programs.
Genetic diversity and structure of native Egyptian cattle populations and French-Egyptian Cross via DNA-microsatellite
Authors: Faid-Allah Eslam , Ghoneim E. , Elbetagy A. R. , El-Dabour M.
Published: March 2018

This study investigates genetic diversity and structure of native Egyptian cattle populations, called Baladi, as Saidi from Southern Egypt, Menufi from Mid-Delta and their F1 crosses with the French Tarentaise breed using DNA Microsatellite markers. A total of unrelated 97 individuals were genotyped utilizing eight SSR primers (ETH10, ETH225, BM1818, BM1824, BM2113, SPS115, TGLA53 and TGLA126). All utilized SSR were found to be polymorphic. The highest and lowest numbers of alleles detected were 16 and 6 at TGLA53 and SPS115 loci, respectively. Baladi-Tarentaise crosses (Bal-Tar) had the highest number of alleles over all. The PIC values of 7 loci were higher than 0.5, indicating high allelic variation of utilized markers. Estimated PIC values were up to 0.898, 0.866 and 0.873 for TGLA53 genotyped in Saidi, Menufi and Bal-Tar, respectively. Hobs values were lower than the expected ones in the native populations accompanied with positive values for Fis and significant deviation from HWE indicating inbreeding trend in native populations. Structure analysis indicated three ancestral genetic backgrounds. The native populations share two main backgrounds in almost equal percentages, while the Bal-Tar had the third one. The three populations showed low percentage of admixture. The studied Mediterranean cattle populations that belong to Egypt and France seem to have differentiated from each other with only little genetic exchange between the geographically isolated populations so local cattle is very similar.
Nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis and blood metabolites in fattening of male Bali cattle fed ration with different protein levels in smallholder farms
Authors: Tahuk P. K. , Budhi S. P. S. , Panjono P. , Baliarti E.
Published: March 2018

Research was aimed to determine nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites of male Bali cattle fattening fed ration with different protein level in smallholder farms North Central Timor, Province of East Timor Tenggara, Indonesia. The cattle used were 18 heads aged 2 to 2.5 years with initial body weight of 229.86±12.46 kg. The cattle were randomly divided into three treatment groups. The T0 group was given feed the same as traditional fattening cattle practices by farmers,T1 group fed ration containing 12% crude protein (CP) and 72% total digestible nutrients (TDN), andT2 group fedration containing 15% CP and 72%TDN. Cattle were fed individually for 90 days and drinkingwater ad libitum. The data were analyzedby analysis of variance.Results of research indicated the nitrogen balance, and blood urea nitrogen between T1 and T2 were relatively similar, but those were higher (P<0.05) than T0 . In contrast, microbial proteins synthesis, and blood glucose at 0, 4, and 6 hours before and after feeding were relatively similar between the groups. Blood glucose of T2 at 2 hours after intake were higher (P <0.05) than T0, but was not different with T1 . It can be concluded, that the fattening maleBali cattle fed ration containing 12% CP and 72% TDNimprovedthe nitrogen balance and blood metabolites, butit was no positive effect on the microbial proteins and N synthesis.
The effect of medicinal herb on fat deposition, meat composition, amino acid and fatty acid composition of broiler meats
Authors: Santoso U. , Fenita Y. , Kususiyah K. , Widiantoro O. , Kadarsih S.
Published: March 2018

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of medicinal herbinclusion on fat deposition, chemical composition, amino acid and fatty acid ofbroiler meats. One hundred-sixty eight female broiler chickens aged 15 days were distributed into 7groups as follows: 1) broilers were fed a diet with no medicinal herb as the control (P0) 2) broilers were fed a diet with 5% Sauropus androgynus leaf powder (P1); 3) broilers were fed a diet with 5% bay leaf powder (P2); 4) broilers were fed a diet with 5% basil leaf powder (P3) 5) broilers were fed a diet with 5% papaya leaf powder (P4); 6) broilers were fed a diet with 5% Moringaleaf powder (P5) and; 7) broilers were fed a diet with 5% noni fruit powder. Experimental results showed that the inclusion of medicinal herbs significantly increased protein (P<0.01), iron(P<0.05), kalium, calcium, phosphorus, linolenic acid(P<0.01), methionine, omega 3 unsaturated fatty acid (P<0.05), but significantly reduced fat (P<0.01), glutamic acid, alanine, lignoceric acid, oleci acid (P<0.01) and omega 9 unsaturated fatty acid (P<0.05). It was concluded that Sauropus androgynus leaf was the most effectiveto produce low fat-high protein and mineral meats.
Relationships Among Avoidant Personality Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Normative Personality Traits: A Twin Study
Authors: Welander-Vatn Audun , Torvik Fartein Ask , Czajkowski Nikolai , Kendler Kenneth S. , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Knudsen Gun Peggy , Ystrom Eivind
Published: March 2018

Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) share risk factors to a substantial degree, and both are characterized by the experience of anxiety in social situations. The authors investigated whether these disorders are differentially related to the Big Five personality traits. They also examined the underlying genetic and environmental influences on these associations. A population-based sample of 1,761 female twins was interviewed at baseline, and 1,471 of these were re-interviewed 10 years later. Associations between AvPD, SAD, and personality traits were investigated with multivariate biometric analyses. The authors found that AvPD and SAD are differentially related to several personality traits at the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental level. The genetic and environmental liability to AvPD could be fully accounted for by the genetic and environmental factors influencing SAD and personality. The findings may increase current etiological understanding of these disorders and inform future classification and treatment efforts.
Activity-Dependent Myelination of Parvalbumin Interneurons Mediated by Axonal Morphological Plasticity
Authors: Stedehouder Jeffrey , Brizee Demi , Shpak Guy , Kushner Steven A.
Published: March 2018

Axonal myelination of neocortical pyramidal neurons is modulated dynamically by neuronal activity. Recent studies have shown that a substantial proportion of neocortical myelin content is contributed by fast-spiking, parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons. However, it remains unknown whether the myelination of PV+interneurons is also modulated by intrinsic activity. Here, we used cell-type-specific Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in adult mice to activate a sparse population of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) PV+interneurons. Using single-cell axonal reconstructions, we found that DREADD-stimulated PV+interneurons exhibited a nearly two-fold increase in total length of myelination, predominantly mediated by a parallel increase of axonal arborization and number of internodes. In contrast, the distribution of axonal interbranch segment distance and myelin internode length were not altered significantly. Topographical analysis revealed that myelination of DREADD-stimulated cells extended to higher axonal branch orders while retaining a similar interbranch distance threshold for myelination. Together, our results demonstrate that chemogenetically induced neuronal activity increases the myelination of neocortical PV+interneurons mediated at least in part by an elaboration of their axonal morphology.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMyelination is the wrapping of an axon to optimize conduction velocity in an energy-efficient manner. Previous studies have shown that myelination of neocortical pyramidal neurons is experience and activity dependent. We now show that activity-dependent myelin plasticity in the adult neocortex extends to parvalbumin (PV)-expressing fast-spiking interneurons. Chemogenetic stimulation of PV interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) significantly enhanced axonal myelination, which was paralleled by an increase in axonal arborization. This suggests that activity-dependent axonal plasticity may involve changes in both structural morphology and myelination. Such multicomponent plasticity reveals an unexpected repertoire of anatomical parameters available for optimizing and adapting neuronal networks in response to experience.
TRPM2 Channel Aggravates CNS Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment via Activation of Microglia in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Authors: Miyanohara Jun , Kakae Masashi , Nagayasu Kazuki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Mori Yasuo , Arai Ken , Shirakawa Hisashi , Kaneko Shuji
Published: March 2018

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a characteristic seen in widespread CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative and mental disorders, and is commonly accompanied by cognitive impairment. Recently, several studies demonstrated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can induce the excessive inflammatory responses that precede neuronal dysfunction; however, the precise mechanism of cognitive impairment due to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca2+-permeable channel that is abundantly expressed in immune cells and is involved in aggravation of inflammatory responses. Therefore, we investigated the pathophysiological role of TRPM2 in a mouse chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model with bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). When male mice were subjected to BCAS, cognitive dysfunction and white matter injury at day 28 were significantly improved in TRPM2 knock-out (TRPM2-KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, whereas hippocampal damage was not observed. There were no differences in blood–brain barrier breakdown and H2O2production between the two genotypes at 14 and 28 d after BCAS. Cytokine production was significantly suppressed in BCAS-operated TRPM2-KO mice compared with WT mice at day 28. In addition, the number of Iba1-positive cells gradually decreased from day 14. Moreover, daily treatment with minocycline significantly improved cognitive perturbation. Surgical techniques using bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that activated Iba1-positive cells in white matter could be brain-resident microglia, not peripheral macrophages. Together, these findings suggest that microglia contribute to the aggravation of cognitive impairment by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and that TRPM2 may be a potential target for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic cerebral hypoperfusion is manifested in a wide variety of CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative and mental disorders that are accompanied by cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms require clarification. Here, we used a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model to investigate whether TRPM2, a Ca2+-permeable cation channel highly expressed in immune cells, plays a destructive role in the development of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cognitive impairment, and propose a new hypothesis in which TRPM2-mediated activation of microglia, not macrophages, specifically contributes to the pathology through the aggravation of inflammatory responses. These findings shed light on the understanding of the mechanisms of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related inflammation, and are expected to provide a novel therapeutic molecule for cognitive impairment in CNS diseases.
β-Secretase BACE1 Promotes Surface Expression and Function of Kv3.4 at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses
Authors: Hartmann Stephanie , Zheng Fang , Kyncl Michele C. , Karch Sandra , Voelkl Kerstin , Zott Benedikt , D'Avanzo Carla , Lomoio Selene , Tesco Giuseppina , Kim Doo Y. , Alzheimer Christian , Huth Tobias
Published: March 2018

The β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is deemed a major culprit in Alzheimer's disease, but accumulating evidence indicates that there is more to the enzyme than driving the amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein. For example, BACE1 has emerged as an important regulator of neuronal activity through proteolytic and, most unexpectedly, also through nonproteolytic interactions with several ion channels. Here, we identify and characterize the voltage-gated K+channel 3.4 (Kv3.4) as a new and functionally relevant interaction partner of BACE1. Kv3.4 gives rise to A-type current with fast activating and inactivating kinetics and serves to repolarize the presynaptic action potential. We found that BACE1 and Kv3.4 are highly enriched and remarkably colocalized in hippocampal mossy fibers (MFs). In BACE1−/−mice of either sex, Kv3.4 surface expression was significantly reduced in the hippocampus and, in synaptic fractions thereof, Kv3.4 was specifically diminished, whereas protein levels of other presynaptic K+channels such as KCa1.1 and KCa2.3 remained unchanged. The apparent loss of presynaptic Kv3.4 affected the strength of excitatory transmission at the MF–CA3 synapse in hippocampal slices of BACE1−/−mice when probed with the Kv3 channel blocker BDS-I. The effect of BACE1 on Kv3.4 expression and function should be bidirectional, as predicted from a heterologous expression system, in which BACE1 cotransfection produced a concomitant upregulation of Kv3.4 surface level and current based on a physical interaction between the two proteins. Our data show that, by targeting Kv3.4 to presynaptic sites, BACE1 endows the terminal with a powerful means to regulate the strength of transmitter release.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is infamous for its crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, but its physiological functions in the intact nervous system are only gradually being unveiled. Here, we extend previous work implicating BACE1 in the expression and function of voltage-gated Na+and K+channels. Specifically, we characterize voltage-gated K+channel 3.4 (Kv3.4), a presynaptic K+channel required for action potential repolarization, as a novel interaction partner of BACE1 at the mossy fiber (MF)–CA3 synapse of the hippocampus. BACE1 promotes surface expression of Kv3.4 at MF terminals, most likely by physically associating with the channel protein in a nonenzymatic fashion. We advance the BACE1–Kv3.4 interaction as a mechanism to strengthen the temporal control over transmitter release from MF terminals.
A Bayesian Framework for Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling Identifies New Candidate Loci for Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Xulong , Philip Vivek M , Ananda Guruprasad , White Charles C , Malhotra Ankit , Michalski Paul J , Karuturi Krishna R Murthy , Chintalapudi Sumana R , Acklin Casey , Sasner Michael , Bennett David A , De Jager Philip L , Howell Gareth R , Carter Gregory W
Published: March 2018

Recent technical and methodological advances have greatly enhanced genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The advent of low-cost, whole-genome sequencing facilitates high-resolution variant identification, and the development of linear mixed models (LMM) allows improved identification of putatively causal variants. While essential for correcting false positive associations due to sample relatedness and population stratification, LMMs have commonly been restricted to quantitative variables. However, phenotypic traits in association studies are often categorical, coded as binary case-control or ordered variables describing disease stages. To address these issues, we have devised a method for genomic association studies that implements a generalized LMM (GLMM) in a Bayesian framework, called Bayes-GLMM. Bayes-GLMM has four major features: (1) support of categorical, binary, and quantitative variables; (2) cohesive integration of previous GWAS results for related traits; (3) correction for sample relatedness by mixed modeling; and (4) model estimation by both Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and maximal likelihood estimation. We applied Bayes-GLMM to the whole-genome sequencing cohort of the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project. This study contains 570 individuals from 111 families, each with Alzheimer’s disease diagnosed at one of four confidence levels. Using Bayes-GLMM we identified four variants in three loci significantly associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Two variants, rs140233081 and rs149372995, lie between PRKAR1B and PDGFA. The coded proteins are localized to the glial-vascular unit, and PDGFA transcript levels are associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related neuropathology. In summary, this work provides implementation of a flexible, generalized mixed-model approach in a Bayesian framework for association studies.
Erőfeszítés alapú kontroll és végrehajtó funkciók az önszabályozásban
Authors: D. Molnár Éva
Published: March 2018

Az önszabályozás egyre intenzívebb kutatása során bizonyítottá vált, hogy az iskolaérettségben és a sikeres iskolai boldogulásban az önszabályozás képessége alapvető szerepet tölt be. A viselkedéses/temperament alapú és kognitív/neurálishálózat-szintű kutatások többnyire egymástól függetlenül foglalkoztak az önszabályozás vizsgálatával, és míg az előbbi az erőfeszítés alapú kontrollt, az utóbbi a végrehajtó funkciókat tekinti az önszabályozás alapjának. A két különböző területen végzett kutatások eredményei ugyanakkor azt mutatják, hogy bár másfajta elméleti és módszertani keretet használnak, felfedezhetők közös aspektusok és komponensek. Hazai vonatkozásban kevésbé ismert az erőfeszítés alapú kontroll kutatása és a végrehajtó funkciókkal történő összehasonlítása. Jelen tanulmány a két területen végzett vizsgálatok fontosabb eredményeit, az erőfeszítés alapú kontroll és végrehajtó funkciók értelmezésének, hasonlóságának és különbségének bemutatását, valamint az önszabályozásban történő integrálásuk elméleti hátterét vázolja fel.
DINAMIKA POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus,1758) DI PERAIRAN TELUK JAKARTA
Authors: Panggabean Anthony Sisco , Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Hasanah Ap’idatul
Published: March 2018

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan salah satu jenis krustasea laut yang bernilai ekonomis penting yang menjadi target utama tangkapan di perairan Teluk Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika populasi rajungan yang berguna sebagai dasar pengelolaannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada periode Januari sampai dengan November 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan panjang berat rajungan bersifat allometrik positif dan rata-rata ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) sebesar 106,81 mm (lebar karapas), laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 1,0 per tahun dan lebar karapas infinitif (CW)  sebesar 157 mm. Laju kematian akibat penangkapan (F) sebesar 1,12 per tahun dan laju mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 1,14 per tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) sudah berada pada tahapan penuh atau fully exploited, dengan demikian perlu adanya pengendalian upaya penangkapan.Blue swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus) is one of the important marine crustaceans species forming the main target of fishing in the Jakarta Bay. This study aims to assess the population dynamics of crab for the basis e for their management. The study was conducted from January to November 2015. The result showed that carapace width and weigth relationship analysis was isometric and the estimated length at first maturity (Lm) was 106.81 mm (in carapace width), growth rate (K) was 1 mm per year, carapace width infinit (CW) was 157 mm, fishing mortality (F) was 1.12 per year and natural mortality rate (M) at about 1.14 per year. The exploitation rate (E) was predicted at fully exploited level, so that control of fishing effort are needed.