bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occupational-Specific Strength Predicts Astronaut-Related Task Performance in a Weighted Suit
Authors: Taylor Andrew , Kotarsky Christopher J. , Bond Colin W. , Hackney Kyle J.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: Future space missions beyond low Earth orbit will require deconditioned astronauts to perform occupationally relevant tasks within a planetary spacesuit. The prediction of time-to-completion (TTC) of astronaut tasks will be critical for crew safety, autonomous operations,
and mission success. This exploratory study determined if the addition of task-specific strength testing to current standard lower body testing would enhance the prediction of TTC in a 1-G test battery.METHODS: Eight healthy participants completed NASA lower body strength tests,
occupationally specific strength tests, and performed six task simulations (hand drilling, construction wrenching, incline walking, collecting weighted samples, and dragging an unresponsive crewmember to safety) in a 48-kg weighted suit. The TTC for each task was recorded and summed to obtain
a total TTC for the test battery. Linear regression was used to predict total TTC with two models: 1) NASA lower body strength tests; and 2) NASA lower body strength tests + occupationally specific strength tests.RESULTS: Total TTC of the test battery ranged from 20.2–44.5
min. The lower body strength test alone accounted for 61% of the variability in total TTC. The addition of hand drilling and wrenching strength tests accounted for 99% of the variability in total TTC.DISCUSSION: Adding occupationally specific strength tests (hand drilling and wrenching)
to standard lower body strength tests successfully predicted total TTC in a performance test battery within a weighted suit. Future research should couple these strength tests with higher fidelity task simulations to determine the utility and efficacy of task performance prediction.Taylor
A, Kotarsky CJ, Bond CW, Hackney KJ. Occupational-specific strength predicts astronaut-related task performance in a weighted suit. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(1):58–62.
Results of AMHP Journal Survey on Open Access
Authors: Day Pamela C.
Published: December 2017

Day PC. Results of AMHP journal survey on Open Access. Aerospace Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(1):70–71.
Trends in 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-Year Survival Rates of Beta-Thalassemia Patients in Southern Iran, 1995-2016: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hassanzadeh Jafar , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Karimi Mehran , Veisani Yousef , Rezaeian Shahab
Published: December 2017

Background

There is currently lack of knowledge about survival trend analysis of thalassemia patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-year survival of thalassemia patients over a 20-year time period. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analysed the data of 982 beta-thalassemia patients in Iran. Birth cohort and traditional cohort analyses were used to obtain the 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-year survival rates in various time intervals between 1995 and 2016.

Results

Five and 10-year survival rates remained unchanged since 1995-2016. Overall, 20- and 30-year survival rates were lower in younger birth cohorts than older ones. A declining trend was found in 20-year survival rate from 1995 to 2000 for all and also for thalassemia major patients, but was stable from 2001 to 2016. In addition, there was a declining trend in 30-year survival rate from 1995 to 2008 for all and also for thalassemia major patients, but was an increased trend from 2009 to 2016.

Conclusion

Over the past two decades and in recent birth cohorts, the 20- and 30-year survival rates has declined. In other words, declining survival trends in the birth cohorts may be associated with some different causes of mortality such as exposure to the toxic effects of iron over time and the occurrence of diseaserelated mortality.
La grotte Cosquer, devenue sous-marine : un nouveau Lascaux
Authors: Rousseau Michel
Published: December 2017

Henri Cosquer a donné son nom à la grotte, près de Marseille, devenue sous-marine, qu’il a découverte et explorée au péril de sa vie : la seule, sans doute, ornée de peintures et gravures paléolithiques, en majorité découvertes le 9 juillet 1991. A été établie, par les Laboratoires C.N.R.S./C.E.A. une ancienneté record de l’art humain : entre 26000 et 28000 ans pour les mains négatives ; par ailleurs, entre 18000 et 19000 pour les animaux peints et gravés.

L’étude visée ici, est l’analyse des images d’animaux. Son bilan des espèces est confronté à un bilan pour tout l’art paléolithique. Ont été comptés 45 mains et une centaine d’animaux. Généralement fréquents et présents ici sont : chevaux, bisons, bouquetins, un cerf. Exceptionnels, voire exclusifs sont ici les chamois, et phoques, 3 pingouins.

Cette nouvelle grotte ornée est essentielle, aussi inattendue que de style classique. C’est un domaine d’études uniques.
Vaccination périfocale : efficacité dans la lutte antiaphteuse. II. Études de cas
Authors: Vindrinet Robert
Published: December 2017

Does perifocal vaccination really work in foot and mouth disease control ?

Two evaluations of the effectiveness of perifocal vaccination is described : one carried out in France, the other in Turkey. In France, during two successive periods, perifocal vaccination was carried out (in association with financial insurance associated with vaccination), followed by systematic vaccination. In Turkey, these two types of vaccination were carried out simultaneously in different territories. Following wide-scale but not systematic prevention, it does seem possible to guarantee that perifocal vaccination of previously unvaccinated cattle would constitute a effective tool in the combat against epizootic disease.
Le Syndrome Dysgénésique et Respiratoire du Porc (SDRP) : Données actuelles sur une nouvelle maladie
Authors: Albina Emmanuel , Madec François
Published: December 2017

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) current knowledges on a new disease.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a new disease of swine due to a new virus. The disease has been first described in the United States of America in 1987. Today, it is present in nearly all the pig producing countries. Symptomatology is very variable, mainly consisting of reproductive disorders (abortion, stillbirth and piglet mortality) and influenza-like syndrome (lack of appetite, slight fever and coughing). The causative agent belongs to the Arterivirus group which also comprises the Equine Arteritis Virus. All these envelopped and RNA’s viruses are able to replicate in macrophages and cross the placental barrier leading to the infection of the fetuses. Since the Arteriviruses are antigenically extremely variable, they are able to persist for a long time within the infected animals although the laters had previously and normally developed a specific immune response : in addition these viruses are highly suspected of being responsible for recurrent immunosuppressive effects. The spreading of the PRRS virus mainly occurres by direct contact between a susceptible animal and an infected one. However, the airborne spreading of the virus on short distances is now well documented. These epidemiological data explain the rapid spreading of the disease inside the high pig density areas. Moreover, the long term viral circulation within the infected herds would compromise any tentative of disease contrôle.
La maladie (Borréliose) de Lyme
Authors: Wailly Philippe de , Pereiz-Eid Claudine
Published: December 2017

Lyme disease (borreliosis).

After recalling clinical aspects of Lyme disease in humans and animals, the authors stated on the most recent epidemiological data in Europe and North America. Prophylaxy, as sanitary as medical (vaccines), and treatments were evocated in animals and humans.
BIM AND GIS: WHEN PARAMETRIC MODELING MEETS GEOSPATIAL DATA
Authors: Barazzetti L. , Banfi F.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Geospatial data have a crucial role in several projects related to infrastructures and land management. GIS software are able to perform advanced geospatial analyses, but they lack several instruments and tools for parametric modelling typically available in BIM. At the same time, BIM software designed for buildings have limited tools to handle geospatial data. As things stand at the moment, BIM and GIS could appear as complementary solutions, notwithstanding research work is currently under development to ensure a better level of interoperability, especially at the scale of the building. On the other hand, the transition from the local (building) scale to the infrastructure (where geospatial data cannot be neglected) has already demonstrated that parametric modelling integrated with geoinformation is a powerful tool to simplify and speed up some phases of the design workflow. This paper reviews such mixed approaches with both simulated and real examples, demonstrating that integration is already a reality at specific scales, which are not dominated by “pure” GIS or BIM. The paper will also demonstrate that some traditional operations carried out with GIS software are also available in parametric modelling software for BIM, such as transformation between reference systems, DEM generation, feature extraction, and geospatial queries. A real case study is illustrated and discussed to show the advantage of a combined use of both technologies. BIM and GIS integration can generate greater usage of geospatial data in the AECOO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operator) industry, as well as new solutions for parametric modelling with additional geoinformation.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW EDUCATIONAL CONTENT “SMALL UAS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATION SCENARIOS”
Authors: Levin E. , Vach K. , Shults R.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The key point of this paper is presentation of the main idea and some results of the project “Small UAS in civil engineering application scenarios” (SUAS-CAS). This project was proposed by newly established in 2016 ISPRS WG V/7: “Innovative Technologies in Training Civil Engineers and Architects”. Here we are presenting our experience in using low-cost UAS in training architects at Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, which was chosen as basic for this project. In the first part of paper, the project outline is presented. Then the first and possible follow project outcomes were described. In some details is described the training module “Small UAS in architecture” which was developed and included as a part of the subject “Architectural photogrammetry”.
Gestão hospitalar e educação permanente: um estudo descritivo e exploratório
Authors: Medeiros Sandra Marcia Alves , Gouvêa Mônica Villela
Published: December 2017

RESUMOObjetivos: investigar a Educação Permanente em Saúde, como ferramenta de gestão, em um centro cirúrgico de um hospital público universitário de grande porte situado no município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil; contribuir para a reflexão sobre ações educativas dirigidas aos trabalhadores, com enfoque na gestão hospitalar. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, com participantes gestores, docentes e trabalhadores da assistência que tiverem, pelo menos, um ano de pleno exercício profissional no centro cirúrgico. Os dados serão coletados a partir de entrevistas norteadas por um roteiro semiestruturado, transcritas e submetidas à técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Análise Temática. Resultados esperados: contribuir para uma nova abordagem de gestão, em centro cirúrgico, na perspectiva da Educação Permanente em Saúde. Descriptores: Gestão em Saúde; Recursos Humanos; Educação Continuada em Enfermagem; Centros Cirúrgicos; Hospitais Universitários; Hospitais Públicos.ABSTRACT Objectives: to investigate Permanent Education in Health, as a management tool, in a surgical center of a large public university hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; contribute to the reflection on educative actions directed to the workers, focusing on the hospital management. Method: it is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, with managers, teachers and care workers who have at least one year of full professional practice in the surgical center. The data will be collected from interviews guided by a semi-structured script, transcribed and submitted to the Content Analysis technique, in the Thematic Analysis modality. Expected results: to contribute to a new management approach, in a surgical center, from the perspective of Permanent Education in Health. Descriptors: Health Management; Human Resources; Education Nursing Continuing; Surgicenters; Hospitals, University; Hospitals, Public.RESUMEN Objetivos: investigar la Educación Permanente en Salud, como herramienta de gestión, en un centro quirúrgico de un hospital público universitario de gran porte, situado en el municipio de Río de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil; contribuir a la reflexión sobre acciones educativas dirigidas a los trabajadores, con enfoque en la gestión hospitalaria. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, con participantes gestores, docentes y trabajadores de la asistencia que tengan, al menos, un año de pleno ejercicio profesional en el centro quirúrgico. Los datos serán recolectados a partir de entrevistas guiadas por un guión semiestructurado, transcritas y sometidas a la técnica de Análisis de Contenido, en la modalidad Análisis Temático. Resultados esperados: contribuir a un nuevo enfoque de gestión, en centro quirúrgico, en la perspectiva de la Educación Permanente en Salud. Descriptores: Gestión en Salud; Recursos Humanos; Educación Continua en Enfermería; Centros Quirúrgicos; Hospitales Universitarios; Hospitales Públicos.
Frente al lienzo: cine, arte y sociedad. Un ensayo pionero en la literatura cinematográfica española
Authors: De La Torre Amerighi Iván
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo evalúa y facilita el conocimiento de Frente al lienzo (1924) del escritor, caricaturista y artista plástico José Román (1871-1957), un precoz ensayo que hasta el momento ha sido poco analizado por la historiografía, singular ejemplo dentro de la incipiente literatura cinematográfica española. Con el objetivo de poner en valor su carácter original, precursor y propedéutico, se han examinado las principales preocupaciones y debates que se dan cita en el texto, seleccionando pasajes claves y estableciendo relaciones con escritos contemporáneos e inmediatamente posteriores.
Translating the FAITH Frame: A Study of Two Translated Egyptian Novels
Authors: Zakaria Ingie
Published: December 2017

This study, which is part of a larger study on the use of frame semantics in the translation of cultural elements from Arabic into English, isolates the instances where the characters from two modern Egyptian novels use language to identify themselves as members of a particular religious group, which corresponds to the frame generic→faith, and examines the manner in which these instances are translated into English. In this sense, faith is a generic frame because it dictates a particular set of behaviors, both linguistic and ideological, that is enforced by the faith community and practiced by the individuals within it. This faith community is a subset of the language community that uses a set of expressions considered typical of this community to the point where its members are recognizable through the use of these expressions. The translation issue at hand is that the TL may not offer the same possibilities to evoke a similar frame reflecting religious identity.
The Objective-Subjective Dichotomy and Rand's Trichotomy
Authors: Baise Arnold
Published: December 2017

The term “objective” has both a metaphysical and an epistemological meaning, and each of these meanings gives rise to a corresponding objective-subjective dichotomy. A formal definition of (epistemological) objectivity is given, and this clarifies the nature of the epistemological dichotomy. These dichotomies are represented by classes of existents, and a Venn-type diagram is used to illustrate the relationship between them. It is shown that the class of all existents can be partitioned into three mutually exclusive and exhaustive classes, which correspond to Rand's intrinsic-subjective-objective trichotomy.
Nursing students’ experiences of multiprofessional simulation education
Authors: Salminen-Tuomaala Mari Helena , Jaskari Pasi
Published: December 2017

Objective: To describe how nurse students specializing in acute nursing care and practical nurse students specializing in emergency care experienced a joint simulation education program and the usefulness of simulation education in general.Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire from nurse and practical nurse students (N = 21), who had together undertaken a multiprofessional simulation-based course. Quantitative data was analyzed using statistical methods, whereas inductive content analysis was conducted to analyze qualitative data.Results: Respondents found simulation education useful for the development of theoretical and practical skills and interaction skills. Shared competence was appreciated. It consisted of sharing one’s knowledge, learning from others, learning together and learning teamwork skills. Respondents regarded multiprofessional simulation education as an effective method in learning how to deal with acute, recurrent or infrequent situations. Simulated learning also provided respondents with explicit experience of multiprofessional collaboration in emergency care and facilitated their learning of collegiality with help of constructive feedback.Conclusions: Simulation education can promote nursing students’ technical and non-technical skills and help students form a clearer perception of multiprofessional collaboration. Careful planning and timing of joint simulated learning sessions is recommended.
Automated segmentation of cardiac adipose tissue in Dixon magnetic resonance images
Authors: Klingensmith Jon D. , Elliott Addison L. , Fernandez-del-Valle Maria , Mitra Sunanda
Published: December 2017

Objective: Increasing evidence suggests a strong link between excess cardiac adipose tissue (CAT) and the risk of a cardiovascular event. Multi-echo Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), providing fat-only and water-only images, is a useful tool for quantification but requires the segmentation of CAT from a large number of images. The intent of this study was to evaluate an automated technique for CAT segmentation from Dixon MRI by comparing the contours identified by the automated algorithm to those manually traced by an observer. Methods: An automated segmentation algorithm, based on optimal thresholds and custom morphological processing, was applied to the registered fat-only and water-only images to identify CAT in the volume scans. CAT contours in 446 images, from 10 MRI scans, were selected for validation analysis. Cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume were computed and compared using Bland-Altman analysis. In addition, Hausdorff distance and Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) were used for assessment.Results: Linear regression analysis yielded correlation of R2 = 0.381 for CSA and R2 = 0.879 for volume. When compared to the observer, the computer algorithm under-estimated CSA by 27.5 ± 40.0% and volume by 26.4 ± 10.4%. The average bidirectional Hausdorff distance was 26.2 ± 16.0 mm while the average unidirectional Hausdorff distances were 24.5 ± 15.7 mm and 12.4 ± 11.7 mm. The average DSC was 0.561 ± 0.100. The time required for manual tracing was 15.84 ± 3.73 min and the time required for the computer algorithm was 2.81 ± 0.12 min.Conclusions: This study provided a technique, faster and less tedious than manual tracing (p < 0.00001), for quantification of CAT in Dixon MRI data, demonstrating feasibility of this approach for cardiac risk stratification.
Effect of compliance to the discharge instructions among patients with internal fixation for hip fracture
Authors: Ahmed Nagwa M. , Abd-El Mohsen Sahar A.
Published: December 2017

Background and objective: Internal fixation is recommended when the need is urgent for preserving the hip joint rather than replacing it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of complying with an educational intervention (booklet) and the discharge instructions on the outcomes of patients with internal fixation for hip fracture.Methods: Research hypothesis: Strength, hip range of motion, walking ability, managing stairs, and total indoor and outdoor activities will be better among the educational intervention group than the control group. Quasi-experimental (study/control) design was utilized to conduct this research, the intervention included training patients on postoperative exercises, showing them videos on these exercises and providing them with a written simplified, photo illustrated Arabic booklet containing the discharge instructions. Setting: The study was conducted in the orthopedic department and orthopedic outpatient clinic. Sample: Consisted of 60 adult male (63.3%) and female (36.7%) patients who underwent internal fixation for hip fracture who were randomly included as an intervention (n = 30) or control group (n = 30). Tools: A Structured patient interview questionnaire sheet was utilized for data collection with the following three parts (biosociodemographic data, compliance behavior index and functional capability index).Results: Of the intervention group participants (83.3%) were compliant while nearly all of the control group subjects were non-compliant (96.7%) at 3 months and a highly statistically significant difference was found between compliance behavior and patient's functional capability.Conclusion: Providing structured discharge guidelines for patients who underwent internal fixation for hip fracture was effective in improving outcomes of patients than the standard hospital instructions. Recommendations: Publication of the booklet and dissemination among patients with internal fixation for hip fracture on a larger probability sample is recommended.
Irrigation Scheduling Using Soil Moisture Sensors
Authors: Sui Ruixiu
Published: December 2017

Irrigation is required to ensure crop production. Practical methods of use sensors to determine soil water status are needed in irrigation scheduling. Soil moisture sensors were evaluated and used for irrigation scheduling in humid region of the Mid-South US. Soil moisture sensors were installed in soil at depths of 15 cm, 30 cm, and 61 cm belowground. Soil volumetric water content was automatically measured by the sensors in a time interval of an hour during the crop growing season. Soil moisture data were wirelessly transferred onto internet through a wireless sensor network (WSN) so that the data could be remotely accessed online. Soil water content measured at the three depths were interpreted using a weighted average method to reflect the status of soil water in plant root zone. A threshold to trigger an irrigation event was determined with sensor-measured soil water content. An antenna mounting device was developed for operation of the WSN. Using the antenna mounting device, the soil moisture measurement was not be interrupted by crop field management practices.
Assessment of Ecological Water Discharge from Volgograd Dam in the Volga River Downstream Area, Russia
Authors: Aidarov I. P. , Nikolskii Yu. N. , Landeros-Sánchez C.
Published: December 2017

Water release from reservoirs to improve the environmental condition of floodplains is of great relevance. Thus, the aim of this study was to propose a method to assess ecological drawdowns from power station reservoirs. An example of its application for the Volga River downstream area is presented. The efficiency of the quantitative assessment of ecological water discharge from the reservoir of the Volgograd hydroelectric power station is analyzed and discussed in relation to the improvement of the environmental condition of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, which covers an area of 6.1 × 103 km2. It is shown that a decrease of spring-summer flooding worsened significantly its environmental condition, i.e. biodiversity decreased by 2-3 times, soil fertility declined by 25%, floodplain relief deformation occurred and the productivity of semi-migratory fish decreased by more than 3 times. The economic benefit accumulated from river flow regulation was » 300 × 106 USD in 2011, and economic damage related to the deterioration of the ecological situation was estimated at » 400 × 106 USD in the same year. It is impossible to fully satisfy the needs of all the participants in the water-economic complex in the assessment of the environmental flows. Priority should be given to environmental requirements. It was found that assessing the ecological drawdowns confirmed the possibility of improving the floodplain environment by reducing between 15-20% the electricity production. This would allow conserving the region’s biodiversity and increasing about 60-80% the natural vegetation productivity. This will prevent deformation of the floodplain relief and doubling the productivity of semi-migratory fish.
Cutting layer and cutting forces in a 5-axis milling
of sculptured surfaces using the toroidal cutter
Authors: GDULA Michal , BUREK Jan
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this article was to evaluate the significance of the influence of five- axis orientation parameters of a toroidal cutter axis and the geometrical parameters of the machined sculptured surface on the intersection
of the cut layer in a 5-axis machining. An impact assessment was performed by simulating concave-convex and convex-concave surfaces using a discrete method of direct transformation in a CAD environment. It was shown that only the radius of curvature of the surface in the feed direction and the angle of the tool axis affected
the change in the intersection of the cutting layer. Subsequently, experimental tests were conducted that aimed at determining the mathematical models of the influence of these important parameters on the components
of the cutting force. The object of the experimental studies was a convex and concave surface of a turbine blade of Inconel 718 alloy. The R300-016B20L-08L Sandvik Coromant toroid cutter was used for the tests. Based on the results of the study it was found that the lead angle in the machining of the convex surface and concave turbine blade should be continuously varied with the change of radius of curvature in the direction
of the machined surface profile
ZNACAJ ORGANIZACIONOG STRUKTURIRANJA ZA IMPLEMENTACIJU RAZVOJNE STRATEGIJE RAJKO MACURA
Authors: Živković Momčilo
Published: December 2017

Tema knjige „Znacaj organizacionog strukturiranja za implementaciju razvojne strategije" jesu faktori organizacionog ponasanja, posebno u kom- panijama koje su uspjesno prebrodile tranziciju iz planske u trzisnu ekono- miju. Autor je nastojao da odgovori na pitanje zasto su u tranzicionim ze- mljama produktivnost, zadovoljstvo i motivisanost zaposlenih niski. Kako bi se dao odgovor na ovo pitanje, bila je neophodna analiza faktora organizacionog ponasanja i organizacione strukture, kao i njihovog uticaja na konkurentnost, a samim tim i na uspjesnost ovih kompanija.
SADRZAJ I ZNACAJ DOPUNSKOG PROTOKOLA UZ ZENEVSKE KONVENCIJE O ZASTITI ZRTAVA MEDUNARODNIH ORUZANIH SUKOBA
Authors: Škrbić Ajla
Published: December 2017

Dopunski protokol uz Zenevske konvencije od 12.08.1949. godine o zastiti zrtava medunarodnih oruzanih sukoba, od 08.06.1977. godine jedan je od najznacajnijih akata za medunarodne oruzane sukobe. U radu ce biti dat prikaz njegovog sadrzaja, kao i osnovnih dostignuca. Pomak u zastiti osoba koje ne ucestvuju ili vise ne ucestvuju u medunarodnom oruzanom sukobu omogucen je cinjenicom da je veliki broj odredbi ovog Protokola danas dio medunarodnog obicajnogprava, te stoga obavezuje ne samo njegovepotpisnice, vec sve aktere u medunaronom pravu.
AMBICIJE PREDUZETNIKA I ETIKA U POSLOVANJU
Authors: Dušanić Gačić Svetlana , Agić Zorana
Published: December 2017

Privreda se, posljednjih godina, sve vise transformise u preduzetnicku, a kljucni nosilac te promjene je preduzetnik. Upravo zbog toga, preduzetnistvo je tema koja sve viseprivlacipaznju strucnjaka i sve je vise istrazivanja u ovoj oblasti. Autori su pokusali da predstave preduzetnika kao licnost i da obra- zloze navike uspjesnogpreduzetnika, osvrcuci se posebno na eticnost, proak- tivnost i komunikativnost. Dalje, navedeni su motivi, odnosno ambicije preduzetnika. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati istrazivanja o ambicijama i etici u poslovanju preduzetnika u Republici Srpskoj. Istrazivanje je sprovede- no pomocu elektronske ankete u deset opstina/gradova u Republici Srpskoj. Rezultatipokazuju da je novac osnovni motiv za pokretanje biznisa u Republici Srpskoj, a zaradeni novac je i najcesci motivator preduzetnicima da posluju jos bolje, dok su drzavni nameti iporez glavnifaktori koji demotivisu ispitane preduzetnike. Manje od polovine ispitanih preduzetnika sebe smatra vodom, a skoro svi ispitanici posluju u skladu sa etickim principima.
РИМСКИ МОДЕЛ ПОРОДИЧНОГ ПРЕДУЗЕТНИШТВА
Authors: Богуновић Мирјана
Published: December 2017

Породично предузетништво се развща на основама непосредног заступата ще je претор омогупио кроз систем адјектицијских тужби. Адјектицијске тужбе, нарочито инститорна, ексерциторна и тужба на основу јусума, пружају рјешета за компанщско пословате која би и данас била примјетива. Питање обима одговорности господара посла, у чијој улози се најчешће налази отац породице и ограничење, односно искључење одговорности је ријешено својствено правилима римског права о заступању и породичном имовинскоправном режиму.
KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA POSLOVANJA AUTOMOBILSKE INDUSTRIJE U SRBIJI I ZEMLJAMA VISEGRADSKE GRUPE
Authors: Kadarjan Danijel , Dimić Maja , Ignjatijević Svetlana
Published: December 2017

U zemljama u kojima postoji automobilska industrija, ova industrijska grana predstavlja izuzetnu pokretacku snagu ekonomije i generator je razvo- ja industrijske proizvodnje. Putnicki automobil jedan je od znacajnijih izvoznih proizvoda zemalja Visegradskegrupe i Republike Srbije. Razvijen automobilski sektor, sa razlicitim stepenom razvijenosti i izvoznim rezultatima na svetskom trzistu, generise razvoj industrijske proizvodnje i rast privredne aktivnosti. Predmet istrazivanja u radu je komparativna analiza poslovanja automobilske industrije Srbije i zemalja Visegradske grupe, koja se zasniva na ispitivanju procenta povecanja vrednosti izvoza u poslednjih petgodina i rangova zemalja prema uvoz sirom sveta, sa ciljem da sagledamo nivo kon- kurentnosti automobilske industrije predlozenih zemalja i predlozimo mere za unapredenje pozicije na medunarodnom trzistu. U istrazivanju su kori- scenipodaci ITC za period 2011.-2015. godine. Rezultati istrazivanja ukazu- ju na trend povecanja izvoza putnickih automobila u predlozenim zemljama, ali isto tako ukazuju na razlicitepolitikeposlovanja prema strukturi izvoznih trzista.
ПОСТОМОДЕРНА КУЛТУРА - ПУКОТИНА У СИСТЕМУ ВРИЈЕДНОСТИ
Authors: Мартић Миломир
Published: December 2017

Социолошки теоретичари покушаваjу да изграде нову мрежу поjмова, да напусте класичне социолошке концепте као што су: друштво, друштвена група, соцщализацща, васпитаъе итд. Све је вишерадова у щима се говори о измјењеном друштвено-економском контексту који дјелује на нову постмодерну културу. Постмодерна култура да)е нову мапу културне климе нашег доба, предочава изм;е№ени однос измену културе и свих других промјена, технолошких прще свега, као и оних које се јављају у структури друштвене слојевитости. Основна питања се своде на дилему. Да ли је и на који начин корисно правити разлику измену модерне и постмодерне културе, разликовање које је данас веома популарно у области друштвених наука.
EASTERN EUROPE - DEINDUSTRIALIZED, INCAPACITATED, DEMORALIZED, OVERINDEBTED, RE-FEUDALIZED, RARIFIED AND DE-SLAVICIZED
Authors: Barjektarević Anis
Published: December 2017

The single trend of negative growth (incl. the income levels and income distribution, inequality extraction ratio, suicide rates and functional illiteracy figures) comparable by its duration and severity to this of Eastern Europe, is situated only in (the countries of Chad lake- Grand lakes- Horn of Africa triangle of) sub-Saharan Africa. Further on, recent generational accounting figures illuminate a highly disturbing future prospect for the youth of Eastern Europe. Neither their economic performance nor birth rates would sustain the financial burden left for the future by the present irresponsible and defeatist generation. Simply, set up to fail.Is today’s Eastern Europe a classic case of indirect rule? Is that a deterrito- rialized deep imperial periphery of nominally independent native rulers, while in reality the true power holder resides outside, although is domestically supported by a dense web of NGOs, multinational corporations and handpicked local ‘elites’?
TRZISTE INVESTICIONOG OSIGURANJA ZIVOTA U EVROPI
Authors: Stanisavljević Svetlana
Published: December 2017

U radu je predstavljena analiza trzista investicionog osiguranja zivota u Evropi. Ugovori investicionog zivotnog osiguranja su specificni ugovori zivotnog osiguranja gdje drustvo za osiguranje snosi iskljucivo rizik od nastanka osi- guranog slucaja, dok se rizik od ulaganja sredstava prenosi na samog osigu- ranika. Koliki ce taj rizik biti zavisi od samog osiguranika i spremnosti da rizikuje, tacnije od funkcije korisnosti.Funkcionalna industrija osiguranja predstavlja centralnu tacku privrednih sistema sirom svijeta, a ta uloga je izrazenija u privredama u tranziciji npr. u zemljama Centralne i Jugoistocne Evrope. Uoceno je da jacanje sektora osiguranja ne doprinosi samo privrednom razvoju, vec snazno utice i stimu- lise privredni rast. Sektor osiguranja je prije svega u mogucnosti da preuzme rizike koji sami po sebi bi bili preveliki da ih snose pojedinci bez obzira da li se radi o fizickim ili pravnim licima.
ДИГИТАЛНА БАЗА ЗЕЛЕНИЛА ГРАДА ТРЕБИЊА
Authors: Брујић Југослав , Марковић Борис , Травар Јован , Петковић Драго
Published: December 2017

Кроз примјере из града Требиња, чија је зеленило на јавним површинама 2008- год. скоро потпуно снимљено, аутори дају модел изградње ГИС-базе једног града. Поступак изградње иде кроз фазе: картографске основе, теренска снимања, алфанумеричка и картографска обрада, а структура базе је заснована на нивоу арборикултурне јединице. Нивои просторне организације су у основи квартови, блокови, објекти и поља, за доминантне многоугаоне површине. Линијски полигони користе нешто другачију шему и ријечник: алеје, стране, потези. Суштина проблема изградње базе је у обимним теренским подацима, прикупљеним у кратком року.
Russian Translations of Writings of J.R.R. Tolkien as the Stage of their Cultural Reception in Russia
Authors: Shustova Ellina V.
Published: December 2017

This article identifies problems of translation of J.R.R. Tolkien`s works to the Russian language. Due to complexity of their reception in the Russian literature and culture, these problems continue at the present time. The purpose of this article is to consider the translational interpretations as a form of reception of J.R.R. Tolkien`s works in Russia and perform analysis of relevant stages of the receptive process. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the methodology of receptive aesthetics; this takes into account the development trends of the method. This research shows that it is the translation, in many respects, that sets trends for further understanding of writings by J.R.R. Tolkien in Russia and includes them in a Russian cultural and literary context, as well as set their level of systematic perception. Contents of this article may be used for readings in general and special courses for Western literature at universities, and may be useful to a wide range of readers interested in the work of J.R.R. Tolkien.
Festive Culture of Kryashens
Authors: Khusnutdinova Ksenia Yu. , Titova Tatyana A. , Frolova Elena V.
Published: December 2017

Traditional festive ritual culture occupies an important position in the life of the Kryashens. The article is based on our own field research conducted in 2014. The purpose of the article is to study traditional holidays and their significance for the Kryashens. The article showed popular traditional Kryashen holidays, their innovations and origins, which go deep into history and are closely intertwined with the culture of neighboring peoples. The methodological base of the study assumes the consideration and the analysis of the traditional festive culture of the Kryashens. The work uses general historical methods: historical-comparative, cultural-anthropological, the method of complex analysis and the discriminative method. The work is also based on the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods: discourse - mass survey through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, focus groups, included monitoring. The article gives a detailed description of each holiday. Kryashen people keep the ancient traditions of their ancestors, combining their Turkic roots and Orthodox culture. During the long parallel development of national holidays, customs and religions, Christianity has become an integral part of the Kryashen spiritual life - this confirms the special significance of Orthodox religious holidays. Also, ethnic-cultural characteristics and the celebration of traditional holidays are of great importance for Kryashens. Particularly honored calendar holidays for the Kryashens are the following ones: Easter, Christmas, Epiphany, Petrov Day (Pitrau), Trinity, Nardugan, Semik, Pokrov. These festive traditions are marked by a certain important value and stability in the cultural environment of the Tatarstan Kryashens. The materials of the article can be useful for ethnologists, social and cultural anthropologists, and everyone interested in this topic.
Essay Genre in Tatar Journalism
Authors: Guseinova Aigul A. , Zayni Rezeda L.
Published: December 2017

In this article, an essay is considered as a journalistic genre in the context of modern Tatar journalism. Using the example of works by contemporary authors in the Tatar-speaking periodicals of Russia, the main genre and the semantic features of this genre are studied. An essay is a publicistic form to reflect on the topical issues of Russian reality. The reproduction of a fact is not so important for an essay. An important role is played by the description of the author's impressions, reflections and emotions. The periodical press has many materials in the Tatar language in which the author's opinion, author's principle and subjective opinion are strongly expressed. In fact, during the last decades of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century there was a surge of essays in modern journalism. Due to some political events in Russia during the early 90s of the twentieth century, it was possible to express their thoughts and speak on the urgent problems in society openly in comparison with the Soviet reality. The object of research is essayism as a kind of journalistic creativity, the subject of the study is the essay genre in Tatar journalism. The empirical basis of the work consisted of the essays from Tatar journalists, publicists and writers. Provided that the personality of an author is one of the effectiveness factors concerning the publications in the genre of essay, the essayization of texts in Tatar journalism will be increased in the future.
Representation of Femininity: Grammatical Aspect (Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire and Glamour Magazines)
Authors: Beloedova Anna V. , Khukhryanskaya Nadezhda N. , Novinkina Ekaterina A. , Pitinova Marina Yu. , Shatalova Yuliya N.
Published: December 2017

The paper features the language objectivation of femininity in the glossy magazines Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire and Glamour. The analysis of the problem is based on the theory of the social construction of gender and aims to identify the main trends of language representation of women. The material of the study was Russian Publications Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire and Glamor - the most popular glossy magazines designed for women. The files of the examples analyzed by us are compiled by the method of continuous sampling (more than 2000 contexts) on the basis of printed and Internet versions of Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire and Glamor journals in 2016. The verbal component is considered as one of the main factors in the construction of gender in glossy magazines, which model new type of the "femine" consciousness, combining the sensual experience of reality and the ability to transform it. Gender relations, stereotypes and ideology are revealed through the analysis of linguistic representations. The authors observe morphological and syntax means of the Russian language as indicators of gender identification in terms of mediatext construction. The analysis of language means proves the complication of gender identification in Cosmopolitan, Marie Claire and Glamour, and the sharpening of the "femine" consciousness due to inclusion of masculine features in it. The analysis of linguistic means representing femininity allows to draw a conclusion about the modeling a new type of "female consciousness" on the pages of glossy magazines, in which the ability to the sensual experience of reality is supplemented by the ability to transform it. 
Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress
Authors: Yorifuji Makiko , Harii Saki , Nakamura Ryota , Fudo Masayuki
Published: December 2017

Ocean warming is a major threat to coral reefs, leading to an increasing frequency and amplitude of coral bleaching events, where the coral and its algal symbiont associations breakdown. Long-term change and resilience of a symbiont community in coral juveniles is thought to be one of the most important aspects for determining thermal tolerance of the coral holobionts; however, despite its importance, they are not well documented in both under elevated temperature and even under natural condition. Here we investigated changes in symbiont communities in juveniles of the coral Acropora tenuis under controlled heat stress conditions (30 °C, 31/32 °C) and natural variations in seawater temperatures (19–30 °C) for up to four months. Compared with the ambient temperature conditions, coral survival rates were higher when exposed to 30 °C, but survival rates decreased when exposed to 31/32 °C. Symbiodinium types A3, C1, and D1-4 were detected in the juveniles under all thermal conditions; however, in higher water temperatures (31/32 °C), both the prevalence of D1-4 Symbiodinium and the number of juveniles harboring only this type of symbiont increased after two to four months later. In contrast, colonies at lower temperatures (30 °C and ambient) harbored multiple clades of symbionts over the same experimental period. These results highlight the flexibility of the coral–Symbiodinium symbiosis for juvenile A. tenuis under variable thermal conditions. In particular, the benefit of the preferential association with type D1-4 can be considered as a response when under heat-stress conditions, and that could help corals to cope with ocean warming.
Highly Amplified Broadband Ultrasound in Antiresonant Hollow Core Fibers
Authors: da Silva Ricardo E. , Webb David John , Cordeiro Cristiano Monteiro de Barros , Franco Marcos Antonio Ruggieri
Published: October 2024

High‐frequency broadband ultrasound in nested antiresonant hollow core fibers (NANFs) is investigated for the first time. NANFs have remarkable features enabling high‐resolution microscale optoacoustic imaging sensors and neurostimulators. Solid optical fibers have been successfully employed to measure and generate ultrasonic signals, however, they face issues concerning attenuation, limited frequency range, bandwidth, and spatial resolution. Herein, highly efficient ultrasonic propagation in NANFs from 10 to 100 MHz is numerically demonstrated. The induced pressures and sensing responsivity are evaluated in detail, and important parameters for the development of ultrasonic devices are reviewed. High pressures (up to 234 MPa) and sensing responsivities (up to −207 dB) are tuned over 90 MHz range by changing the diameters of two distinct NANF geometries. To the best of knowledge, this is the widest bandwidth reported using similar diameter fibers. The results are a significant advance for fiber‐based ultrasonic sensors and transmitters, contributing to improve their efficiency and microscale spatial resolution for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in biomedical applications.
Over 10‐W, 2.0‐μm, Broadband, All‐Fiber Amplified Spontaneous Emission Source Based on Spectrum Combination
Authors: Ding Junjia , Zhai Kehui , Ouyang Deqin , Chen Yewang , Liu Minqiu , Zhao Junqing , Wu Xu , Lue Qitao , Ruan Shuangchen , Wang Jinzhang , Guo Chunyu , Yan Peiguang
Published: October 2024

Herein, Tm‐doped fiber (TDF) amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and Ho‐doped fiber ASE to realize a high‐power, 2.0‐μm‐broadband, all‐fiber ASE source are combined. By in‐band pumping the Ho‐doped fiber ASE with TDF ASE, an output power of 17.7 W is achieved. Subsequently, a 1500–1970/1980–2200‐nm wavelength division multiplexer is utilized to combine the Tm‐doped and Ho‐doped fiber ASE sources. The combined ASE source exhibits a maximum output power of 10.9 W, a full width at half maximum of 67 nm, a spectral range of 1910–2086 nm, a root–mean–square power fluctuation of 0.17% in 30 min, no self‐pulsing, and no self‐excited oscillation. To the best of knowledge, such a high output power has not been previously reported for Ho‐doped fiber ASE sources and 2.0‐μm‐broadband all‐fiber ASE sources. Thus, spectrum combination can effectively yield a high‐power fiber ASE source with a broad bandwidth.
Researching Organic Solar Cells from the Perspective of Literature Big Data Analysis
Authors: Wang Qing , Liu Zhixin , Zhao Shengda , Yan Yangjun , Li Xinyi , Zhang Yajie , Zhang Xinghua
Published: October 2024

Solar cell research aims to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE). This field has an extensive body of literature on the Web of Science. For researchers, it is impossible to understand the development of the entire field comprehensively through traditional reading methods. Knowledge is recorded in the literature by text and numbers. Researchers acquire knowledge through literature surveying, text reading, and thinking. The conversion from text and numbers to knowledge can be automatically completed by machines, which can avoid path‐dependent perspectives. In this work, an intelligent machine learning method for literature structure delineation and information extraction is proposed. As an example, a knowledge base of organic solar cells (OSCs) is extracted including topic analysis of literature, numerical characteristics of performance, and material information. Seven major research directions of OSCs are identified. The correlations between key performance parameters, including PCE, short‐circuit current density (JSC), open‐circuit voltage (VOC), and fill factor (FF), are revealed from text mining. A donor–acceptor material map of PCE is constructed which provides a road map for OSCs, indicating the bottleneck of this field. Moreover, the method of machine intelligence developed here can be used in any other materials field, aiding a comprehensive understanding of the development quickly.