bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEGAL PROTECTION OF INTELECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN INDICATION GEOGRAPHICS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Oxtalevanus Siallagan  , Rahma Mas
Published: June 2023

Indonesia is a country that is rich in natural resources, the wealth of natural resources provides various kinds of extraordinary natural gift potentials so that from these potentials produce results of vegetable and biological cultivation that characterize the geography where the potential is located. In this study, the authors used a normative-applied approach. Data collection in writing this research is done by means of document studies, namely studying legal materials in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that: (1) Protection of geographical indications cannot be separated from the joint ef orts of interested parties in the region to be involved in the initial process (during the inventory of potential regional goods/products). This agreement is a reflection of the results of joint work to seek an advantage among fellow producers in accordance with the characteristics of the area where the producer lives. (2) Legal ef orts that can be taken by the government to encourage the growth of protection of geographical indications are that the government establishes a law on geographical indications.
Morphometric parameters of the relief and drainage network of a tropical subbasin
Authors: Luís Reis Igor , Sousa Marinho Gustavo , Da Silva Rios Guilherme , Brandão Santana Derielsen , Henrique Expedito Lense Guilherme , Luiz Mincato Ronaldo , Rubira Felipe Gomes
Published: June 2023

This research analyzed the morphological/morphometric parameters of the relief and drainage network of the Formiga River subbasin, southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This study identified and examined the influences of control mechanisms in the development of current configurations. The methodology was based on the application of indices and parameters: (1) slope length (Hack's Sl); (2) normalized slope index (ksn); (3) river hierarchy; (4) drainage density; (5) hydrographic density; (6) sinuosity index; (7) density of structural lineaments; (8) transverse topographic symmetry factor; (9) asymmetry factor of drainage basins; (10) topographic profiles transverse to the valleys; (11) relief ratio; (12) roughness index; (13) roughness concentration index; (14) compactness coefficient; (15) circularity index and (16) form factor. The results indicated 3 sectors of the subbasin with distinct geomorphic behaviors, which resulted in peculiar surface structures and divergent current dynamics. The subbasin presents physical evidence that demonstrates and corroborates strong tectonic and structural control in the development of the current drainage network and relief. Human action has also affected, from the construction of dams, the dynamics of the lower course of the river, drowned by the reservoir of the hydroelectric plant of Furnas.
Data distribution analysis – a preliminary approach to quantitative data in biomedical research
Authors: Guzik Przemysław , Więckowska Barbara
Published: June 2023

Statistical analysis is an integral part of medical research. It helps transform raw data into meaningful insights, supports hypothesis testing, optimises study design, assesses risk and prognosis, and facilitates evidence-based decision-making. The statistical analysis increases research findings' reliability, validity and generalisability, ultimately advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care. Without it, meaningful analysis of the data collected would be impossible. The conclusions drawn would be unsubstantiated and misleading.
Many health professionals are unfamiliar with statistical analysis and its basic concepts. The analysis of clinical data is an integral part of medical research. Identifying the data type (continuous, quasi-continuous or discrete) and detecting outliers are the first and most important steps. When analysing the data distribution for normality, graphical and numerical methods are recommended. Depending on the type of data distribution, appropriate non-parametric or parametric tests can be used for further analysis. Data that are not normally distributed can be normalised using various mathematical methods (e.g., square root or logarithm) and analysed using parametric tests in the next steps.
This review provides essential explanations of these concepts without using complex mathematical or statistical equations but with several graphical examples of various statistical terms.
Characteristics and Establishment of Objective Identification Standard and Perdictor of Foehn Winds in Urumqi on the North Slope of Middle Tianshan Mountains of China
Authors: Ayitikan Maoling , Li Xia , He Qing , Musha Yusufu , Tang Hao , Li Shuting , Zhong Yuting , Ren Gang
Published: June 2023

Due to the special terrain of Urumqi (in the valley area), which often triggers strong foehn weather, and causes huge losses to local people's lives and social economy. This study uses in-situ surface meteorological variables (including the hourly temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, etc.) from the Urumqi Meteorological Station (downstream station, DS) and the Dabancheng Meteorological Station (upstream station, US) in the Middle Tianshan Valley and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 2008 to 2022. A dataset of the foehn weather process at DS in the past 15 years is established and the variation patterns of each meteorological variable during the process of foehn is analyzed. Based on the physical mechanism of the occurrence of foehn, a three-element identification standard for foehn in Urumqi is established by comparing and analyzing the variation of wind direction (WD), wind speed (WS), and the difference of potential temperature (Δθ) between DS and US during the period of foehn and non-foehn from 2013 to 2022, namely: 94°≤ 2-minute average WD ≤168°, 2-minute average WS ≥2.0 m/s, and Δθ between DS and US ≥ 0.29 K. According to the test and evaluation, the three-element identification standard has an accuracy of 82.96%, and a hit rate of 89.50% for the occurrence of foehn in Urumqi from 2008 to 2012. Moreover, the hit rate of foehn identification is 100% for strong wind or above (i.e., 2-minute average WS ≥10.8 m/s) WS. In addition, combined with two predictors of sea-level pressure difference (ΔP) and Δθ between DS and US, forecasting foehn can be more accurately predicted than a single forecasting factor. When ΔP ≤ -12 hPa and Δθ≥5 K, the probability of the occurrence of foehn is more than 90%. This study provides certain reference and application value for the weather forecasting operation of foehn.
Exploiting Abstract Calculus Pattern for the Integration of Ordinary Differential Equations for Dynamics Systems, an Object Oriented Programming Approach in Modern Fortran
Authors: Zaghi Stefano , Andolfi Cristiano
Published: June 2023

The (numerical) solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) problems is of paramount relevance, ODEs system being an ubiquitous mathematical formulation of many physical phenomena (such as those involved in fluid dynamics, chemistry, biology, evolutionary-anthropology, ...): almost every dynamici phenomenon can be modeled by means of an ODEs system. The present paper is the first manifesto of FOODIE, a library aimed to numerically solve ODEs problems by means of a clear, concise and efficient abstract interface. FOODIE, meaning Fortran Object oriented Ordinary Differential Equations integration library, has manifolds aims: to provide a set to built-in numerical schemes that are accurate, robust, validated and efficient and to allow easy application of these schemes to (almost) all ODEs problems by means of an effective Abstract Calculus Pattern. The key idea is to allow the same solver-implementation to be applied to all ODEs problems thus avoiding the re-implementation of the ODEs solver for each different ODEs problem: code re-usability is consequently maximized, FOODIE being a general robust framework. Besides, the same framework also allows rapid development of new ODEs solvers due to the high abstraction level of the library itself. The present paper is the first announcement of FOODIE project: the current implementation is extensively discussed and its capabilities are proved by means of tests and examples.
QTL Epistasis Plays a Role of Homeostasis on Heading Date in Rice
Authors: Huang Lilong , Tang Jichun , Zhu Bihuang , Chen Guodong , Chen Leyi , Bu Suhong , Zhu Haitao , Liu Zupei , Zhan Li , Meng Lijun , Liu Guifu , Wang Shaokui
Published: June 2023

To avoid the endless accumulation of QTL effects when pyramiding breeding, QTL epistasis plays a role of homeostasis. Four single segment substitution lines with heading date QTLs were applied to construct pyramiding materials of dual QTLs and triple QTLs, so that QTL epistatic effects were allowed to be estimated on heading date in rice. Epistatic components of dual QTL and triple QTL interactions were analyzed via the data from three seasons of two years. Four QTLs can be treated as dominant loci, all appearing superdominance. 75% of dual QTL interactions and 81.25% of triple QTL interactions reached statistically significance, confirming again the prevalence of epistasis. Interactions of four QTLs with three positive effects and one negative effect generated 62.5% negative dual QTL epistatic effects and 57.7% positive triple QTL epistatic effects, forming the balance relationship “positive-negative-positive”. In fact, QTL effects were always neutralized partly by mixed QTL epistatic effects so as to control the infinite accumulation of QTL effects. Specially, the directions of OsMADS50 and Hd3a-2 were always consistent with those of their mixed epistases, suggesting that the QTL or gene could be applied to the pyramiding breeding with different targets. This paper revealed the mechanism of epistatic interactions among four QTLs and provided the gene materials for improving heading date in rice.
Research on Basic Concept and Conceptual Model of Cyberspace Map
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wang Guangxia , You Xiong , Liu Zhiyong , Ma Lin , Tian Jiangpeng
Published: June 2023

Cyberspace map, as one of the important tools to describe cyberspace, gives an image to the unpredictable and illusory cyberspace, and has become a research hotspot in the fields of cartography, cyberspace security. Clarifying the concept of cyberspace map and constructing the conceptual model of cyberspace map can promote people's unified cognition of cyberspace. Based on the view of cartography, this paper compares and analyzes some related concepts of cyberspace map, discusses the characteristics of cyberspace map，and gives its concept. After that, it analyzes people's cognition of cyberspace composition. On this basis, it caters to this cognition mode and proposes the conceptual model of cyberspace map. Then, the connotation of the model is elaborated from three aspects: element-space association dimension, element mapping dimension and the map representation dimension. Finally, the specific composition and symbolization of various elements are analyzed. The model provides the top-level framework and theoretical guidance for the research of cyberspace map. This paper aims to adapt to the development trend of Cartography in ternary space, clarify the basic concept of cyberspace map, promote the development of cyberspace mapping theory, and lay the foundation for subsequent research.
Physical Functional Ability and Quantitative Assessment of the Multifidus Muscle of the Lumbar Spine in the Elderly
Authors: Yun Jung Hae , Lee Dong Gyu
Published: June 2023

Aging is associated with muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration of skeletal muscle. The multifidus muscle stabilizes the lumbar spine and undergoes adipose accumulation with age, leading to functional decline in the elderly. Therefore, quantitative assessment of the multifidus muscle can be beneficial for the elderly when formulating treatment strategies and reducing future complications. Fifty-seven patients (mean age, 73.89 ± 6.09; 23 male patients) who underwent lumbar Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were prospectively recruited. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the multifidus from the L2-S1 level and the CSA of the L4-5 level psoas muscle were measured. The functional CSA (fCSA) of the multifidus muscle was measured by excluding the fat infiltration area from the multifidus CSA. The CSA to fCSA ratio was obtained by multiplying 100 by the value obtained by dividing CSA by the fCSA. Pfrrmann classification was used to evaluate the degree of disc degeneration. The functional disability measurements were the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), grip strength, and functional reach test (FRT). Pearson's correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the functional disability measurements and the multifidus muscle. The CSA to fCSA ratio value was relatively constant at each spine level and showed a significant correlation with the SPPB, grip strength, FRT, and psoas index (p<0.05). However, degree of disc and multifidus muscle degeneration were not statistically significant. So, age-related changes play a significant role in developing back muscle fatty infiltration than disc dgeneration. Moreover, Grip strength showed a stronger relationship with the quality of the multifidus muscle than other functional disability measurements.
Pea Pod Powder as a Value-Added Food Ingredient for Enhancing the Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Cookies
Authors: Singh Anamika , Poonia Amrita
Published: June 2023

The present study aims to develop cookies with high nutritional quality and overcome the limitations of traditional cookies high in fat and sugars. Agro-industrial waste by-product, pea pods, was powdered to supplement the cookie preparation with soy four and inulin powder. The four blend was optimized by taking three factors affecting the fnal product’s processing parameters: Pea-Pod Powder (PPP), Soy Flour (SF) and inulin. The optimization data of PPP cookies shows that responses as color and appearance (P<0.012), favour (P<0.012), crispiness (P<0.013), OAA (P<0.011), hardness (P<0.002), and fracturability (P<0.001) were signifcantly related to the processing of cookies. PPP and SF affected the sensorial characteristics of the cookies, while inulin affected the textural characteristics to a greater extent. The optimised cookies were found to have signifcantly high levels of protein (9.39%), dietary fbre (7.86%), Ca (1.19%), Fe (0.12%), and low fat (17.18%) and total sugar (19.21%) than the control. The DPPH inhibition activity was higher in PPP cookies (0.082%) than control (0.072%). The traditional cookies are not preferred by diabetic and CVD affected persons and are not considered nutritious among the health concerned population. PPP cookies have better shelf life, higher in protein, functional compounds, fbres, minerals and low in sugar. Thus, the product targets such a huge segment of the population, offering various health implications.
Association between Muscle Mass, Body Fat Mass, and Abdominal Circumstances with Insulin Resistance among Young Adult Population with Prediabetes Risk
Authors: Adhisti Anindya Putri , Fatimah-Muis Siti , Sukmadianti Amalia , S.S. Darmono , Christianto Febe
Published: June 2023

Prediabetesis is associated with an increase in plasma insulin concentration due to a decrease in insulin sensitivity in insulin target organs. Central obesity is a risk factor for prediabetes. To determine the relationship between muscle mass, body fat mass, and abdominal circumference with insulin resistance. The study was involving 50 young adult subjects aged 15-35 years, 50 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Muscle mass and body fat mass were measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Abdominal circumference was measured using a tapemeter. Hours of sleep were measured using a questionnaire, while physical activity was measured based on the IPAQ-short form. Insulin resistances were measured using HOMA-IR score. Data were analyzed using spearman correlation. The correlation between abdominal circumference using two kinds of measurement and HOMA IR was found in all subjects (r = 0.691 and r 0.659; p = 0.000). After being analyzed separately by gender, it was found that there are positive correlation between body fat mass and HOMA-IR (male r = 0.672 p 0.001 female r = 0.582 p 0.001). There were a negative correlation between skeletal muscle mass and HOMA-IR (male r= -0.653 p 0.002, female r= -0.424, p 0.019), but there was no relationship between physical activity and sleep hours with insulin resistance. There is a relationship between skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and abdominal circumference on insulin resistance regardless of gender. Further study is needed to determine the cutoff point of HOMA-IR as the predictor of insulin resistance.
ANALISIS SENSORI TERHADAP MINUMAN KOPI CELUP REMPAH YANG DISUKAI PANELIS
Authors: Anggia Malse , Wijayanti Ruri , Ariyetti Ariyetti
Published: June 2023

Kopi Robusta mempunyai kualitas, cita rasa, dan harga yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan jenis kopi lain. Saat ini, terdapat trend penambahan berbagai rempah pada kopi untuk memberikan aroma dan meningkatkan selera melalui efek menyegarkan dan menghangatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesukaan panelis terhadap minuman kopi celup dyang ditambahkan berbagai rempah.  Identifikasi sensori  kejernihan, rasa, aroma, dan warna terhadap minuman kopi celup rempah yang dihasilkan dengan metode hedonik. Rempah yang ditambahkan adalah jahe, sereh, kapulaga, dan cengkeh. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panelis menyukai komposisi yang berbeda di tiap jenis rempahnya, yaitu 8 g Kopi + 0,2 g jahe, 1,8 g Kopi + 0,2 g sereh, 1,5 g Kopi + 0,5 g cengkeh dan1,5 g Kopi + 0,5 g kapulaga. Namun, secara keseluruhan formulasi kopi kontrol (2,0-gram kopi bubuk) lebih disukai dibandingkan dengan kopi yang ditambahkan rempah
EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SELASIH (Ocimum basilicum L.) DAN PANDAN WANGI (Padanus amaryliolius) UNTUK PENGENDALIAN LALAT BUAH BACTROCERA SP PADA TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum fruescens L)
Authors: Setyaningrum Haris , Hamawi Mahmudah , Santo Bonang Asmoro
Published: June 2023

Kemampuan ekstrak daun selasih dan pandan wangi dalam menarik kedatangan lalat buah dipengaruhi oleh kandungan bahan aktif seperti Metil Eugenol (ME) (C12H14O2). Rendeman minyak hasil perebusan daun selasih adalah 1,14% dengan kadar ME mencapai 76%. Sedangkan kadar kandungan ME dalam minyak atsiri daun pandan wangi sekitar kadar 5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak selasih dan pandan wangi terhadap lalat buah. Penelitian dilakukan pada buan Agustus 2019 di Kecamatan Mlarak dan Sawo, Ponorogo, Jawa Timur. Terdapat dua perlakuan yaitu ekstrak daun selasih dan daun pandan yang masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Pengambilan sampel lalat buah didapatkan dari pemasangan perangkap di delapan petak lahan. Sedangkan, pengambilan sampel buah rusak diambil dari tanaman cabai rawit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun pandan wangi dan daun selasih mampu menarik lalat buah. Namun, ekstrak daun kemangi lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan daun pandan. Jumlah  lalat buah yang tertangkap pada perlakuan ekstrak daun selasih di daerah Mlarak 116 ekor dan Sawo 83 ekor, lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan ekstrak daun pandan wangi  yang berjumlah masing-masing 11 ekor di kedua lahan peneltian. Kemudian, intensitas serangan pada buah cabai paling banyak pada lahan dengan perlakuan ekstrak daun pandan mencapai 33.74% di Mlarak dan 29.61% di Sawo. Sedangkan spesies lalat buah yang tertangkap ialah betina dari B. carambolea, B. umbrosa, dan B. fuscitibia.
Test Fungi Growth Physiology of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. from Citrus Plants
Authors: Triasih Unun - , Widyaningsih Sri
Published: June 2023

One of the problems of citrus cultivation is disease attack which can cause a decrease in production during harvest. There are antagonistic fungi from citrus plants that can be used to control pathogens, namely Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma sp. Antagonistic fungi will be able to control pathogens optimally if they have growth conditions that match their environment. This study aims to determine the growth development of Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp. at several temperatures, media, exposure lengths, and types of light. The treatments used were four different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C), three media (PDA, PDAY, and CMA), several exposure times (24 hours of light and 24 hours of dark, 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness, 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness) and the type of light (light from a reading lamp placed very close, light from a lamp placed habitually, and dark wrapped in carbon). The treatment used a completely randomized design (CRD) and was repeated 5 times. The test results showed that the two isolates could develop optimally on PDA and PDAY media with the best temperature of 20°C-25°C. In addition, testing of various rays showed the results of the fastest development by Trichoderma sp. under natural light treatment. Furthermore, the best length exposure test was Trichoderma sp. with a lighting time of 12 hours light and 12 hours dark. In general, the development of the two antagonistic fungal isolates had relatively the same optimal development conditions, but Trichoderma sp. has better development on various tests.
Treeline displacement may affect lake dissolved organic matter processing at high latitudes and altitudes
Authors: Peter Hannes , Catalán Núria , Rofner Carina , Verpoorter Charles , Perez Maria Teresa , Dittmar Thorsten , Tranvik Lars , Sommaruga Ruben
Published: June 2023

Climate change is causing a rapid shift in treeline position, both towards higher altitudes and latitudes1 inducing changes in soil properties such as organic matter content and composition2. Eventually, soil-derived organic matter is transported to alpine and subarctic lakes with yet unknown consequences for dissolved organic matter diversity and processing. Here, we experimentally investigated the consequences of treeline shifts by amending subarctic and temperate alpine lake water with soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) from above and below the treeline. We used ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-IR MS) to track molecular DOM diversity (i.e., chemodiversity), estimated DOM decay and measured bacterial growth efficiency. In both lakes, soil-derived DOM from below the treeline increased DOM chemodiversity mainly through the enrichment with novel polyphenolic and highly unsaturated compounds. These compositional changes were associated with reduced overall and compound-level DOM reactivity and reduced bacterial growth efficiency. Our results suggest that treeline advancement has the potential to enrich a large number of lake ecosystems with less biodegradable DOM, affecting bacterial community function and potentially altering the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in lakes at high latitudes and altitudes.
Nystagmus in children with primary brain tumors in Denmark between 2007 and 2017
Authors: Rosenberg Jacqueline , Nissen Kamilla , Heegaard Steffen , Ragunathan Suganiah , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Mathiasen René , von Holstein Sarah
Published: June 2023

Background
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic importance of nystagmus in children with brain tumors.
Methods
A nation-wide retrospective review of all children diagnosed with a brain tumor between January the 1st, 2007 and December 31st, 2017, in Denmark. Data is based on information from the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry, hospital records from pediatric- and ophthalmological departments, and records from private ophthalmologists.
Results
Nystagmus was observed in 13.7% (60/437) of children with a brain tumor. In 50/60 children (83.3%) nystagmus was an incidental finding at the clinical examination and only in 10/60 children (16,7%) were nystagmus noticed by patient/caregivers prior to the clinical examination. In 38/60 children nystagmus was observed before the brain tumor diagnosis, most often (16/38, 42%) the same day as the diagnosis was made. In 22/60 children nystagmus was found after the brain tumor diagnosis (prior to any treatment) with a median of four days (range 0–47) after the brain tumor diagnosis. Nystagmus was most commonly binocular (56/60, 93.3%) and gaze-evoked (43/60, 71.7%). The median number of additional symptoms and/or clinical findings was five (range 0–11).
Conclusion
Nystagmus is frequent in children with brain tumors and is typically accompanied by other symptoms and clinical signs. However, it is often first recognized by the ophthalmologist late in the time course. Therefore, awareness of nystagmus and the importance to test for gaze-evoked forms might contribute to increased suspicion of brain tumor and thereby faster diagnosis.
Analgesic efficacy and impact of pudendal block on surgery in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Le , Yang Taoran , Wang rurong , Chen Yali , Ji Peng
Published: June 2023

Background
Both hypospadias and circumcision are common genital surgeries in pediatric patients who that can cause serious postoperative pain and have long-term effects.Pudendal block (PNB) has recently been studied in children undergoing both hypospadias surgery and circumcision.
Objective
We sought to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the analgesic efficacy, relative complications and satisfaction of pudendal block for hypospadias repair and circumcision in children.
Evidence Review
We identified comparative studies of pudendal block versus dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) or caudal blocks (CB); studies were published or presented through 31 December 2021. Data were abstracted from studies comparing pudendal block versus dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) or caudal blocks (CB). Original source data were used when available. Data from 298 patients in four RCTs were included.
Findings
Compared with traditional nerve blocks, the pudendal nerve block group showed no detectable difference in terms of patients who needed additional analgesia within 24 hours after the surgery (OR 0.12; p=0.09)or at 30 min(OR 0.10; p=0.13). However, it showed that fewer people needed additional analgesia at 18 h (OR 0.02; p＜0.0001) and at 12 h (OR 0.02; p=0.0001). Limited data showed that fewer people needed additional analgesia at 6 h (OR 0.03; p<0.00001), 1 h (OR 0.11; p=0.04), and 5 min (OR 0.05; p=0.0004). Compared with traditional nerve blocks, the pudendal nerve block group showed no detectable difference in terms of postoperative complications (OR 0.19; p=0.13). Compared with traditional nerve blocks, the pudendal nerve block group had better surgical satisfaction (OR 8.71; p=0.0001) and parent satisfaction (OR 12.52; p＜0.00001).
Conclusions
Compared with traditional blocking methods (CB and DNPB), for pediatric penile surgery, it hasshown that pudendal nerve block has better early postoperative analgesia and better surgical satisfaction and parental satisfaction with no obvious postoperative complications.
Classification of the Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Using Convolutional Neural Network and Support Vector Machine Techniques
Authors: Thanakulketsarat Thananphat , Supnithi Pornchai , Myint Lin Min Min , Hozumi Kornyanat , Nishioka Michi
Published: June 2023

Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) is a phenomenon characterized by depletions in ionospheric plasma density being formed during post-sunset hours. The irregularities can lead to disruptions in trans-ionospheric radio systems, navigation systems and satellite communications. Real-time detection and classification of EPBs are crucial for the space weather community. Since 2020, the Prachompklao Radar station, a very high frequency (VHF) radar station, has been installed at Chumphon station (Geographic: 10.72°N, 99.73°E and Geomagnetic: 1.33°N) and started to produce radar images ever since. In this work, we propose two real-time plasma bubble detection systems based on support vector machine techniques. Two designs are made with the convolutional neural network (CNN) and singular value decomposition (SVD) used for feature extraction, the connected to the support vector machine (SVM) for EPB classification. The proposed models are trained using quick look (QL) plot images from the VHF radar system at the Chumphom station, Thailand, in 2017. The experimental results show that the combined CNN-SVM model, using the RBF kernel, achieves the highest accuracy of 93.08% while the model using the polynomial kernel achieved an accuracy of 92.14%. On the other hand, the combined SVD-SVM models yield the accuracies of 88.37% and 85.00% for RBF and polynomial kernels of SVM, respectively.
SLE Antibody-Secreting Cells Are Characterized by Enhanced Peripheral Maturation and Survival Programs
Authors: Sanz Ignacio , Chen Weirong , Hong So-Hee , Jenks Scott , Anam Fabliha , Tipton Christopher , Woodruff Matthew , Hom Jennifer , Cashman Kevin , Faliti Caterina , Wang Xiaoqian , Kyu Shuya , Wei Chungwen , Scharer Chris , Mi Tian , Hicks Sakeenah , Hartson Louise , Nguyen Doan , Khosroshahi Arezou , Lee Saeyun , Wang Youliang , Bugrovsky Regina , Ishii Yusho , Lee Frances
Published: June 2023

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple autoantibodies, some of which are present in high titers in a sustained, B cell-independent fashion consistent with their generation from long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Active SLE displays high numbers of circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASC). Understanding the mechanisms of generation and survival of SLE ASC would contribute important insight into disease pathogenesis and novel targeted therapies. We studied the properties of SLE ASC through a systematic analysis of their phenotypic, molecular, structural, and functional features. Our results indicate that in active SLE, relative to healthy post-immunization responses, blood ASC contain a much larger fraction of newly generated mature CD19- CD138+ ASC similar to bone marrow (BM) LLPC. SLE ASC were characterized by morphological and structural features of premature maturation. Additionally, SLE ASC express high levels of CXCR4 and CD138, and molecular programs consistent with increased longevity based on pro-survival and attenuated pro-apoptotic pathways. Notably, SLE ASC demonstrate autocrine production of APRIL and IL-10 and experience prolonged in vitro survival. Combined, our findings indicate that SLE ASC are endowed with enhanced peripheral maturation, survival and BM homing potential suggesting that these features likely underlie BM expansion of autoreactive PC.
The exact solutions to a new type space reverse nonlocal Lakshmanan-Porserzian-Daniel equation
Authors: Song Caiqin , Fang Ri-Rong , Zhang Hui-Li , Zhao Hai-qiong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study a new type space reverse nonlocal Lakshmanan-Porserzian-Daniel (LPD) equation which can be derived from the two component LPD system with a special reduction. We construct the multi-fold binary Darboux transformation for this equation and obtain lots of exact solutions with zero and non-zero background condition. We find that these solutions exhibit various dynamic evolutions, and most of the collisions between the waves in these solutions are inelastic.
TFEB SUMOylation in macrophages accelerates atherosclerosis by promoting the formation of foam cells through inhibiting lysosomal activity
Authors: Wang Kezhou , Zhou Wei , Hu Gaolei , Wang Lifeng , Cai Rong , Tian Tian
Published: June 2023

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a serious cardiovascular disease. One of its hallmarks is hyperlipidemia. Inhibiting the formation of macrophage foam cells is critical for alleviating AS. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) can limit the formation of macrophage foam cells by up-regulating lysosomal activity. We examined whether TFEB SUMOylation is involved in this progress during AS. In this study, we investigated the role of TFEB SUMOylation in macrophages in AS using TFEB SUMOylation deficiency Ldlr−/− (TFEB-KR: Ldlr−/−) transgenic mice and TFEB-KR bone marrow–derived macrophages. We observed that TFEB-KR: Ldlr−/− atherosclerotic mice had thinner plaques and macrophages with higher lysosomal activity when compared to WT: Ldlr−/− mice. TFEB SUMOylation in macrophages decreased after oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) treatment in vitro. Compared with wild type macrophages, TFEB-KR macrophages exhibited less lipid deposition after OxLDL treatment. Our study demonstrated that in AS, deSUMOylation of TFEB could inhibit the formation of macrophage foam cells through enhancing lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, further reducing the accumulation of lipids in macrophages, and ultimately alleviating the development of AS. Thus, TFEB SUMOylation can be a switch to modulate macrophage foam cells formation and used as a potential target for AS therapy.
Forty Years of Monitoring Increasing Sea Turtle Abundance in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Lasala Jacob , Macksey Melissa C , Mazzarella Kristen T , Main Kevan L , Foote Jerris J , Tucker Anton D
Published: June 2023

Longitudinal data sets for population abundance are essential for studies of imperiled organisms with long life spans or migratory movements, such as marine turtles. Population status trends are crucial for conservation managers to assess recovery effectiveness. A direct assessment of population growth is the enumeration of nesting numbers and quantifying nest attempts (successful nests / unsuccessful attempts) and emergence success (number of hatchlings leaving the nest) because of the substantial annual variations due to nest placement, predation, and storm activity. We documented over 133,000 sea turtle crawls for 50.9 km (31.5 miles) of Florida Gulf of Mexico coastline from 1982–2021 for a large loggerhead turtle nesting aggregation and a recovering remnant population of green sea turtles. Nest counts and hatchling production for both species have significantly increased, but emergence success has not. Sea level rise and coastal developments undoubtedly influence habitats in the long-term, impacting nest site selection and potential recruitment from the loss of emerged hatchlings. However, the present indications for steady Gulf of Mexico recovery of loggerhead and green sea turtles and range expansions of Kemp’s ridley and leatherback turtles parallel findings of the Florida Atlantic coasts. This study indicates that effective conservation practices can be detected within time scales of 1–2 turtle generations.
Tricuspid Balloon Valve Fracture and Valve-in-Valve-in-Valve in a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Challa Abhinay , Appadurai Vinesh , Wijesekera Vishva , Raffel Christopher , Scalia Gregory , Walters Darren , Poon Karl , Murdoch Dale
Published: June 2023

Background
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, with patients often requiring repeated valvular interventions throughout their lifetime. Transcatheter intervention play an important role in this cohort, and have been incorporated into guidelines for the management of prosthetic pulmonary valve degeneration, with growing observational data of transcatheter procedures in the tricuspid position. Here we describe a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot where transcatheter procedures were utilized in a patient of high surgical risk.
Case presentation
A 32 year old female with a history of repaired Tetralogy of Fallot presented with treatment resistant right sided heart failure. She had previously undergone four sternotomies, resulting in a 31mm Mosaic valve in the tricuspid position, and a 25mm homograft in the pulmonary position. She had also underwent a tricuspid valve in valve procedure for severe bioprosthetic valve stenosis, which had re-stenosed after 4 years. She was discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, and given her multiple previous sternotomies and morbid obesity, decision was made to attempt further percutaneous intervention. She successfully underwent a Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve-in-Valve procedure with a 29mm Sapien 3 valve. Six month follow up demonstrated favourable valve hemodynamics, along with improvement in symptoms of right sided heart failure.
Conclusions
Transcatheter procedures have had an evolving role in the management of patients with congenital heart disease. This case highlights the utility of transcatheter interventions in a patient of very high surgical risk. Although the long term durability of these interventions are yet to be determined in the literature, they play an important role in prolonging the lifespan of a surgical valve, which in turn reduces the total sternotomies patients undergo over their lifetime.
Exploring the Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound Radiomics for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Lin Weiru , Ruan Junxian , Liu Zhiyong , Liu Caihong , Wang Jianan , Chen Linjun , Zhang Weifeng , Lyu Guorong
Published: June 2023

Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is a prevalent cause of respiratory failure and death among newborns, and prompt diagnosis is imperative. Historically, diagnosis of NRDS relied mostly on typical clinical manifestations, chest X-rays, and CT scans. However, recently, ultrasound has emerged as a valuable and preferred tool for aiding NRDS diagnosis. Nevertheless, evaluating lung ultrasound imagery necessitates rigorous training and may be subject to operator-dependent bias, limiting its widespread use. As a result, it is essential to investigate a new, reliable, and operator-independent diagnostic approach that does not require subjective factors or operator expertise. This article aims to explore the diagnostic potential of ultrasound-based radiomics in differentiating NRDS from other non-NRDS lung disease.
Methods: A total of 150 neonatal lung disease cases were collected between September 2021 and October 2022. Of these patients, 60 were diagnosed with NRDS, whereas 30 were diagnosed with neonatal pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), and transient tachypnea (TTN). Two ultrasound images with characteristic manifestations of each lung disease were acquired and divided into training (n=120) and validation cohorts (n=30) based on the examination date using an 8:2 ratio. The imaging texture features were extracted using PyRadiomics and, after the screening, machine learning models such as random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) were developed to construct an imaging-based diagnostic model. The diagnostic efficacy of each model was analyzed.
Results: Twenty-two imaging-based features with the highest weights were selected to construct a predictive model for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. All models exhibited favorable diagnostic performances. Analysis of the Youden index demonstrated that the RF model had the highest score in both the training (0.99) and validation (0.90) cohorts. Additionally, the calibration curve indicated that the RF model had the best calibration (P=0.98). When compared to the diagnostic performance of experienced and junior physicians, the RF model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99; however, the values for experienced and junior physicians were 0.98 and 0.85, respectively. The difference in diagnostic efficacy between the RF model and experienced physicians was not statistically significant (P=0.24), whereas that between the RF model and junior physicians was statistically significant (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: The RF model exhibited excellent diagnostic performance in the analysis of texture features based on ultrasound radiomics for diagnosing NRDS.
A high-efficient protoplast transient system for screening gene editing elements in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Shao Jin , Peng Bowen , Zhang Yaojie , Yan Xin , Yao Xinghao , Hu Xinyi , Li Ling , Fu Xueqing , Zhen Han , Tang Kexuan
Published: June 2023

Medicinal plants with high-value pharmaceutical ingredients have attracted research attention due to their beneficial effects on human health. Cell wall-free protoplasts of plants can be used to evaluate the efficiency of genome editing mutagenesis. The capabilities of gene editing in medicinal plants remain to be fully explored owing to their complex genetic background and shortfall of suitable transformation. Here, we took the Salvia miltiorrhiza as a representative example for developing a method to screen favorable gene editing elements with high editing efficiency in medical plants by a PEG-mediated protoplast transformation. Results indicated that using the endogenous SmU6.1 of Salvia miltiorrhizato drive sgRNA and the plant codon-optimized Cas9 driven by the promoter SlEF1αcan enhance the efficiency of editing. In summary, we uncover an efficacious transient method for screening editing elements and shed new light on increasing gene editing efficiency in medicinal plants.
Healthcare professionals’ perspectives of the management of people with palliative care needs in the Emergency Department of a UK hospital
Authors: Sausman Jane , Arif Azra , Young Annie , MacArtney John , Bailey Cara , Rajani Jaimini , Burt Rebecca
Published: June 2023

Background: The Emergency Department (ED) is not always the optimal place for people with palliative care needs but is the most common route for treatment when urgent care is sought. The aim of this study,’'REasons for PalLIative Care Admissions (REPLICA)’ was to explore the perspectives of ED health care professionals of hospital admission or discharge via the ED for palliative care patients.
Methods: This is a sequential mixed methods study comprising i) quantitative descriptive analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) of palliative care patients (code Z51.5) who were admitted through the ED in a West Midlands Hospital and for the rest of England; ii) in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 ED staff which were analysed using thematic content analysis.
Results: Over the four years (2013 – 2017), 430,116 people admitted through ED were identified with a Z51.5 diagnosis code, 0.6% (n=2736) of whom were from the West Midlands Hospital. The most common reasons for palliative care patients’ admission to hospitals across England were for care of chronic kidney disease, cancers and urinary tract infections. Five themes were elicited from the qualitative analysis: 1) Providing palliative care in the ED is challenging, due to factors including lack of training in palliative care and the unsuitable environment. 2) Patients go to the ED due to challenges in community management such as inappropriate referrals and no care plan in place. 3) Health system influences admission and discharge decisions, including bed availability and being unable to set up community services out-of-hours. 4) Discussion with patient about treatment and end-of-life care needs to be outside of the EDwhilst the patient is still well enough to express their wishes. 5)Improving services for patients with palliative care needs. Recommendations include short training sessions for ED staff and accessing palliative care professionals 24/7.
Conclusions: A large number of palliative care patients visit ED and are admitted to hospital for care; there is an urgent need to prevent patients attending the hospital through the establishment of a coordinated and dedicated service to support palliative care patients in the community.
Higher global diet quality score is related to lower prevalence of depression and poor quality of life among adolescent girls
Authors: Beigrezaei Sara , darabi zahra , Davies Ian G. , Mazidi Mohsen , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid
Published: June 2023

Background: Adolescence is a key time for the development of depression symptoms and the diet quality may be associated with mental health conditions. The present study examined the association between depression and quality of life (QoL) and the global diet quality score (GDQS) as a simple and standardized metric diet quality in Iranian adolescents.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 733 adolescent girls recruited using a random cluster sampling method. A 147-item food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary intake assessment. The GDQS is gained by summing
points of all the 25 food groups, ranged from 0 to 49. Depression symptoms were assessed using a Persian version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). For assessment of health-related QoL, the SF-12v2 questionnaire was employed. Multivariable logistic regression examined the association of depression and QoL with GDQS in crude and adjusted models.
Results: Adolescent girls in the highest tertile of GDQS scorecompared with the lowest tertile had a 41% lower odds of depressive symptoms (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.39–0.90, P = 0.01). The participants in the third tertile of GDQS score had lower odds of poor QoL compared with the first tertile (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.37–0.85, P < 0.01). These associations remained significant (both P = 0.01) after adjustment for age, energy intake, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and menstruation (depressive symptoms: OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38–0.92; QoL: OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38–0.91, P = 0.01).
Conclusion:Given the importance of dietary intake in adolescence and its potential effects on mental health and QoL, providing a healthy dietary pattern with high GDQS should be considered during adolescence.
Glutamatergic basis of antipsychotic response in first-episode psychosis: a dual voxel study of the anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Fan Lejia , Liang Liangbing , Wang Yujue , Ma Xiaoqian , Yuan Liu , Ouyang Lijun , He Ying , Li Zongchang , Li Chunwang , Chen Xiaogang , Palaniyappan Lena
Published: June 2023

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia is believed to be related to excess prefrontal glutamate. If we can identify these individuals early in the course of illness, the repeated use of first-line antipsychotics can be reduced and first-episode patients can be stratified for accelerated treatments. The use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure glutamate and Glx (glutamate plus glutamine) provides a means for such a stratification, but we must first establish if there is robust evidence linking elevations in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate metabolites to poor response, and determine if continuous exposure to antipsychotics worsens the glutamatergic excess in eventual non-responders. In this study, we estimated glutamate levels at baseline in 70 drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. We then treated them (N=42) with risperidone and followed them up for 3 months to categorize their response status. We hypothesized to see “hyperglutamatergia” at baseline in later non-responders and expected this to worsen with treatment. Non-responders had high glutamate before treatment-onset (F1,79=3.20, p=0.046, partial η2 = 0.075); However, glutamate levels did not change significantly over time in both non-responders and responders over the 3 months of treatment (F1,31=1.26, p=0.270, partial η2 = 0.039). Antipsychotic use without prior knowledge of later response delays symptom relief in a subgroup of first-episode patients, but does not worsen the glutamatergic excess seen at baseline. Given the current practice of non-stratified use of antipsychotics, longer-time follow-up MRS studies are required to see if improvement in symptoms accompanies a shift in glutamate profile.