bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career satisfaction of German human genetics residents
Authors: Tecklenburg Johanna , Meyer Robert , Krey Ilona , Schlegelberger Brigitte
Published: January 2022

Objectives

The aim of this survey was to investigate the career satisfaction of human genetics residents in Germany and to analyse the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Methods

We developed an online survey for the evaluation of a broad range of factors concerning the situation of human genetics residents in Germany using validated questionnaires and adding human genetics specific items to them. Human genetics residents working at institutions with an authorization for specialist training were asked to participate in the online survey. To analyse the situation of specialist training in human genetics and the influence of multiple factors on career satisfaction, descriptive statistics, mean descriptive statistics and comparisons of mean values as well as multiple linear regression analyses were carried out.

Results

Of the 71 institutions contacted, 41 (58 %) provided feedback and reported the number of 114 residents in human genetics. In total, 58 residents completed the questionnaire (50.9 %). Overall career satisfaction was high with a mean score of 30.8 (scale ranging from 8–40). Factors significantly influencing career satisfaction were general life satisfaction, occupational self-efficacy expectations and content with the doctors entitled to the specialty training. Except for the reduced perception to achieve their professional goals expressed by women with children, career satisfaction was influenced by neither gender nor parental status, other sociodemographic factors, variables concerning the personal professional life and the residency in general, the subjective perceived workload nor the site of specialist training. Participation in research activities differed significantly between male and female residents. The residents’ assessment of their own professional prospects and the prospects of the subject were consistently positive, even though residents consider the current requirement planning by the GB-A for human geneticists as inappropriate and believe that human genetics is not yet firmly anchored as a specialist discipline in the consciousness of other medical colleagues and the general public.

Conclusions

Career satisfaction of German human genetics residents is generally high and mainly influenced by life satisfaction, occupational self-efficacy expectations and quality of the specialist training. In contrast to other specialties career satisfaction seems to be independent from gender or parental status even though male residents were significantly more often involved in research activities. In order to keep human genetics residents in the specialty, measures that enable balanced professional and care work as well as continuous improvement of specialist education, e. g. through the implementation of structured curricula and continuing education of the doctors entitled to specialist training, is of great importance.
Revisiting aspectualsein Spanish: telicity, statives, and maximization
Authors: Martínez Vera Gabriel
Published: January 2022

This paper addresses aspectualsein Spanish. Building on the previous analyses that have been proposed in the literature to account for constructions with aspectualsethat mainly focus on the syntax of these (see, e.g., MacDonald, Jonathan E. 2017. Spanish aspectualseas an indirect object reflexive: The import of atelicity, bare nouns, and leísta PCC repairs.Probus. International Journal of Romance Linguistics29(1). 73–118), this paper provides a semantic account that makes explicit (i) why dynamic predicates must be telic in the presence ofse, and (ii) why the very samesecan appear with a limited number of stative predicates, which are atelic. The account is implemented in the Figure/Path Relation model in Beavers, John. 2011. On affectedness.Natural Language & Linguistic Theory29(2). 335–370, Figure/Path Relation model. I propose a maximization strategy that captures that dynamic predicates in constructions withseare always telic by indicating the conditions under which the theme has a fixed quantity and the scale/path that may be associated with the verb is bounded. This maximization strategy is then compared to and distinguished from the event maximization strategies proposed for Slavic languages (Filip, Hana. 2008. Events and maximalization: The case of telicity and perfectivity. In Susan Rothstein (ed.),Theoretical and crosslinguistic approaches to the semantics of aspect, 217–256. Amsterdam: John Benjamins) and Hungarian (Kardos, Éva. 2016. Telicity marking in Hungarian.Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics1(1). 1–37), and to the scale/path maximization strategy proposed for Southern Aymara (Martínez Vera, Gabriel. 2021a. Degree achievements and degree morphemes in competition in Southern Aymara.Linguistics and Philosophy44. 695–735).
Phenotypic spectrum of patients with mutations in CHD7: clinical implications of endocrinological findings
Authors: Kim Ja Hye , Choi Yunha , Hwang Soojin , Kim Gu-Hwan , Yoo Han-Wook , Choi Jin-Ho
Published: January 2022

Objective

Heterozygous CHD7 mutations cause a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranging from typical CHARGE syndrome to self-limited delayed puberty. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of endocrine dysfunction in patients with CHD7 mutations.

Methods

The clinical features and endocrine findings from 30 patients with CHD7 variants were retrospectively reviewed. A diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome was based on the Verloes diagnostic criteria.

Results

Seventeen patients fulfilled the criteria for typical CHARGE syndrome, one patient for partial/incomplete CHARGE, and the remaining eleven patients had atypical CHARGE syndrome. One patient was diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome and unilateral deafness. The most frequently observed features were inner ear anomalies (80.0%), intellectual disability (76.7%), and external ear anomalies (73.3%). The mean height and weight SDSs at diagnosis were −2.6 ± 1.3 and −2.2 ± 1.8, respectively. Short stature was apparent in 18 patients (60%), and 1 patient was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency. Seventeen males showed genital hypoplasia, including micropenis, cryptorchidism, or both. Seven patients after pubertal age had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with hyposmia/anosmia and olfactory bulb hypoplasia. Truncating CHD7 mutations were the most common (n  = 22), followed by missense variants (n  = 3), splice-site variants (n  = 2), and large deletion (n  = 2).

Conclusions

A diverse phenotypic spectrum was observed in patients with CHD7 variants, and endocrine defects such as short stature and delayed puberty occurred in most patients. Endocrine evaluation, especially for growth and pubertal impairment, should be performed during diagnosis and follow-up to improve the patient’s quality of life.
Torsional deformities and overuse injuries: what does the literature tell us
Authors: Pagliazzi Gherardo , De Pieri Enrico , Kläusler Michèle , Sangeux Morgan , Viehweger Elke
Published: January 2022

Overuse injuries imply the occurrence of a repetitive or an increased load on a specific anatomical segment which is unable to recover from this redundant microtrauma, thus leading to an inflammatory process of tendons, physis, bursa, or bone.

Even if the aetiology is controversial, the most accepted is the traumatic one.

Limb malalignment has been cited as one of the major risk factors implicated in the development of overuse injuries.

Many authors investigated correlations between anatomical deviations and overuse injuries, but results appear mainly inconclusive.

Establishing a causal relationship between mechanical stimuli and symptoms will remain a challenge, but 3D motion analysis, musculoskeletal, and finite element modelling may help in clarifying which are the major risk factors for overuse injuries.
Plaidoyer pour l’esprit de création
Authors: Landowski Eric
Published: January 2022

L’article pose la question de savoir si la recherche, par les sémioticiens, des principes régulateurs qui sont à la base de toute pensée articulée ne tend pas parfois à se transformer en une sorte de parti pris idéologique. L’intention de départ est claire : si nous portons notre attention sur ce qu’imposent les lois de la pensée, c’est avec l’idée que leur connaissance ne peut que favoriser le développement d’une vie intellectuelle libre et créative. C’est là notre visée et c’est ce qui fonde la sémiotique comme prise de conscience émancipatrice – comme « gai savoir », disait Greimas. Cependant, en pratique, à force de mettre systématiquement l’accent sur les contraintes de la production du sens, est-ce que nous ne sommes pas en train d’en arriver au point d’hypostasier la régularité et de nous transformer, paradoxalement, en gardiens de l’ordre obsédés par la règle, au détriment de l’esprit de création ?
Spectral parameters of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seeds in technogenic conditions of urban environment
Authors: Fedenko V. S.
Published: January 2022

Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) is an invasive species with high activity in alien flora of Ukraine. Invasive potential of plants in unfavorable ecological conditions is due to the presence of adaptive mechanisms. One of the criteria for the invasive potential of foreign plants is considered to be seed productivity. For plants of black locust note a high level of seed productivity. However, it remains to be seen what factors ensure the formation of viable seeds in extreme environments. Among the factors that ensure the formation of viable plant seeds, note the barrier function of the seed coat relative to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The physiological role of this protective barrier is realized due to the specific properties and component composition of the surface tissues of seeds. Among the metabolites with protective properties localized in the seed coat, consider proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins), which are formed during the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. To objectively assess changes in the accumulation of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat, it is necessary to use non-destructive methods, because the isolation of these compounds destroys their native polymer structure. The influence of technogenic pollution of Dnipro city on the reflectance, colorimetric and fluorescent characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seeds is investigated in the work. Mature seeds of black locust were collected at monitoring sites in the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (ecologically favorable zone) and at some points of linear roadside plantations of one of the main highways. It was found that the chronic effect of aerogenic pollutants on black locust plants caused an increased accumulation of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat, which may be due to changes in the biosynthesis of these compounds at the stage of oxidative polymerization of flavonoid subunits. Markers of this reaction of plants are the change of position and increase of intensity of maxima in the reflectance spectra of visible region, increase of value of dominant wavelength, decrease of conditional purity of color tone and colorimetric coefficients, increase of intensity of maxima in seed fluorescence spectra. The protective effect of these adaptive changes is associated with the strengthening of the barrier function of the seed coat to adverse environmental factors to maintain the viability of the seeds under the negative impact of technogenic pollution.
Influence of anthropogenic factors on the fauna of diplopods in the steppe zone of Ukraine
Authors: Kozak V. M.
Published: January 2022

Various industries that constantly pollute the environment with their waste are quite well developed in the steppe zone of Ukraine. That in turn affects living organisms. The analysis of literature sources allowed to determine the factors influencing the diplopods fauna of the Steppe. Parasites, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, heavy metals and other pollutants adversely affect invertebrates. Pesticides (glyphosate, imidacloprid, dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl, propargite, cypermethrin, tebuconazole, chlorpyrifos, mefenoxam, mancozeb, sulfur, propiconazole, cyprodinil) are toxic to diplopods. They can affect lifetime, fertility, abundance, coordination of movements, feeding rates, change body weight and even in high concentrations cause the death of these animals. Sulfur, pirimiphos-methyl, propiconazole, imidacloprid, dimethoate and cypermethrin are the most toxic of all these pesticides. They cause the highest mortality. Heavy metals accumulate in the bodies of saprophages, reduce their abundance, affect body weight, cause a change in the intensity of eating food by diplopods. Nickel, lead, cadmium, zinc, cuprum and ferrum are toxic to millipedes. High concentrations of cadmium cause 100% mortality of Megaphyllum kievense (Lohmander, 1928). The development of urbanization causes a decrease in the abundance of saprophages. The species composition and number of individuals of some taxonomic groups of millipedes are reduced in reclamation areas. The nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks & Hirschmann, 1976) slow down the protective reactions of the body of Oxidus gracilis (C. L. Koch, 1847). The high intensity of diplopod infection with gregarines slows down the feeding process of Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927). Lighting, soil humidity and the number of ants also affect the abundance of diplopods in natural forests and forest plantations of the steppe zone. Thus the diplopods are influenced by many environmental factors that can reduce their abundance in agrocenoses, forested and reclamation areas of the steppe zone of Ukraine.
Bioenvironmental characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia steppe plantations in dependence to changes in some climatic factors
Authors: Dotsenko L. V. , Chorna V. I. , Hrytsan Yu. I. , Voroshylova N. V. , Katsevych V. V.
Published: January 2022

Сlimatic factors play the most important role in the plant associations formation. Sunlight is one of the leading factors that determine the appearance of a particular community and very often plays the limiting factor role. In the conditions of the Steppe Dnipro Region, its limiting role can be expressed only in its excess. The great majority of autochthonous steppe flora plant species has strongly pronounced adaptations to excessive solar insolation. With the development of forest biogeocenology and steppe forestry, more and more attention is paid to the issues of forest climatology. It is shown that climatic factors have an imperative effect on the formation of soils, plant associations, fauna and ecosystems in general. Artificial plantations consisting of fast-growing hardwoods, such as Robinia pseudoacacia, have been studied. The complex of abiotic factors in robinia plantations and in open areas has its own characteristics. The processes of reflection, transformation and accumulation of solar energy in tree plantations have a slightly different character than in forest-free areas. In the Dnipropetrovsk region, the populations of Robinia pseudoacacia are represented mainly by young plants that have already entered the phase of active fruiting. No plants older than 100 years were found in the populations. Thus, the price spectrum of the age composition of the population of Robinia pseudoacacia in the Dnipropetrovsk region has a pronounced left-sided character, ie shifted towards young individuals that are actively fruiting. This indicates that the processes of expansion of Robinia pseudoacacia to natural biogeocenoses will be actively continued. Despite the fact that this breed has a number of positive qualities (excellent medonis, root mycorrhiza with azotobacter, high gas resistance, etc.), the processes of uncontrolled active settlement of this species is a matter of serious concern. This breed is capable of rapid spread and disruption of successional processes occurring in the area. In the conditions of the forecasted climate changes towards temperature increase and precipitation decrease this breed receives more and more advantages.
Optimization of the extraction and precipitation process of a leaf protein concentrate from Moringa oleifera Lam.
Authors: Pérez Simba Byron Patricio , Garrido Espinosa Javier Alberto , Endara Vargas Andrea Belén , Landázuri Flores Andrea Carolina , Ramírez Cárdenas Lucía de los Ángeles
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to determine the best extraction and precipitation conditions of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf protein. The influence of pH (10, 11, 12) and the concentration of NaCl (0, 0.25, 0.5) for the protein extraction process were studied through a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial arrange 32. The combination of pH 11 and 12 with 0 M NaCl had the best yield (P<0.05). The treatment of pH 11 without NaCl followed a precipitation stage for its purification, and the effect of different levels of pH (4, 4.5, 5) and temperature (40, 60, 80 °C) were evaluated using a CRD with factorial arrange 22 and 6 central points. The temperature did not affect the yield of the process in a significant way and the amount of precipitate was maximized at pH 4 and 4.5. From 100 g of the dry leaf, 7.26±0.19 g of protein was isolated with a recovery of 26.93±0.22 g 100 g-1 from the total protein. Due to their astringency and bitterness, consuming large amounts of Moringa oleifera Lam leaves is not a solution; therefore, obtaining a leaf proteinconcentrate could be useful for diverse applications in nutritional supplements, and as raw material for functional products development.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): A systematic review
Authors: Garcia-Parra Miguel Angel , Cuellar-Rodríguez Luz Angela , Balaguera López Helber Enrique
Published: January 2022

The crop of quinoa has gained relevance during the last decade in different parts of the world, due to its adaptability to difficult edaphic and climatic conditions and the great nutritional potential of its seeds. However, climate change scenarios are increasingly adverse, so the search for strategies that favor greater adaptability of quinoa to areas where other crops fail to adapt is a scientific priority. For this reason, a systematic review was carried out, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis methodology, with documents published on Scopus and Clarivate Web of Science databases. This methodology describes the diversity of fungi that favors symbiosis and the services offered by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the physiological activity of the quinoa plant, in addition to their interaction with the edaphic conditions, mainly related to nitrogen and phosphorus. The results identified a projection of interest in research related to the symbiosis between these two organisms, but a very limited advance in relation to the study that has been developed around the microbiological activity of quinoa in the soil.
Investigating the efficacy of the Egyptian Data Protection Law on Media Freedom: Journalists’ perceptions
Authors: AlAshry Miral-Sabry
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the Egyptian Personal Data Protection Law No. 151 for 2020, as well as its implications for journalistic practice. More specifically, the focal point of this study was to explore how Egyptian journalists interpret the law and its implication for press freedom in Egypt. The underpinning theoretical framework was informed by the Authoritarian school of thought. Questionnaires were distributed to 199 journalists from both independent and semi-governmental representing thirteen official newspapers of Egypt, while in-depth interviews were done with (3) Editors, (4) journalists, and (3) human rights lawyers. The finding of the study indicated that the government placed restrictions on journalists by using Data Protection Law relating to the media. That law is negatively impacting journalists and media houses. It was clear from the findings that the journalists see the law as an obstacle to media independence, as it allows the government to exercise greater information control through digital policy and puts rules of regulation against journalists.
Multimodal analysis of advertising discourse during the lockdown due to COVID-19: Comparison of the communication strategies of financial services and automotive products in Spain
Authors: Lahuerta-Pujol Claudia , Moreno-Cano Antonia , Miguel Juan-Carlos
Published: January 2022

The goal of the following text is to analyze the changes in television advertising in the banking and automobile sectors, according to the social context. The hypothesis is that communication is significantly influenced by the situational context, causing differences between the advertising of the two sectors. A multimodal discourse analysis is used, comparing twenty commercials from the banking and automobile sectors in 2019 and 2020, the period during which the lockdown due to COVID-19 took place. Based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis tables were developed with which to analyze general data such as the value proposition or target audience of the advert, or other special data like the text (verb tenses, rhetorical figures…), the image and the sound used. The fact that context is decisive in communication is made evident, and since this is different in every sector, the communication strategy is clearly different as well. However, the points that the two sectors have in common are remarkable: these range from talking about brands and products, to speaking for and about people.
On a generalization of $C_2$-modules
Authors: DİALLO Abdoul Djibril , DIOP Papa Cheikhou , TRİBAK Rachid
Published: January 2022

A module $M$ is called a $C_{21}$-module if, whenever $A$ and $B$ are submodules of $M$ with $A \cong B$, $A$ is nonsingular and $B$ is a direct summand of $M$, then $A$ is a direct summand of $M$. Various examples of $C_{21}$-modules are presented. Some basic properties of these modules are investigated. It is shown that the class of rings $R$ over which every $C_{21}$-module is a $C_2$-module is exactly that of right SI-rings. Also, we prove that for a ring $R$, every $R$-module has $(C_{21})$ if and only if $R$ is a right t-semisimple ring.
Some results on paracontact metric $(k,\mu)$-manifolds with respect to the Schouten-van Kampen connection
Authors: YÜKSEL PERKTAŞ Selcen , DE U.c. , YILDIZ Ahmet
Published: January 2022

In the present paper we study certain symmetry conditions and some types of solitons on paracontact metric $(k,\mu )$-manifolds with respect to the Schouten-van Kampen connection. We prove that a Ricci semisymmetric paracontact metric $(k,\mu )$-manifold with respect to the Schouten-van Kampen connection is an $\eta $-Einstein manifold. We investigate paracontact metric $(k,\mu )$-manifolds satisfying $\breve{Q}\cdot \breve{R}_{cur}=0$\ with respect to the Schouten-van Kampen connection. Also, we show that there does not exist an almost Ricci soliton in a $(2n+1)$-dimensional paracontact metric $(k,\mu )$-manifold with respect to the Schouten-van Kampen connection such that $k>-1$ or $k<-1$. In case of the metric is being an almost gradient Ricci soliton with respect to the Schouten-van Kampen connection, then we state that the manifold is either $N(k)$-paracontact metric manifold or an Einstein manifold. Finally, we present some results related to almost Yamabe solitons in a paracontact metric $(k,\mu )$-manifold equipped with the Schouten-van Kampen connection and construct an example which verifies some of our results.
Relationship between type III secretion toxins, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates
Authors: Derakhshan S. , Rezaee A. , Mohammadi Sh.
Published: January 2022

Background and aim. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a notorious pathogen due to its multidrug resistance and life threatening infections. We investigated the relationship between type III secretion toxins, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance among clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods. A total of 70 genetically distinct clinical P. aeruginosa isolates were characterized for antibiotic resistance by disk diffusion assay. Biofilm formation was evaluated by microtiter plate method and presence of four exo genes (exoS, exoU, exoT and exoY) was investigated by PCR. A p-value 0.05 was regarded statistically significant. Results. The most effective antibiotics were Meropenem and Piperacillin. Multidrug resistance was more prevalent in the ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates than in the susceptible isolates. The most frequently identified exo was exoS (37.1%). Genotype exoS/exoT was found in 4 isolates, while genotype exoU/exoT was not found. Prevalence of exoS was generally higher in the susceptible isolates than in the resistant isolates. A significant association was found between the formation of strong biofilm and resistance to antibiotics (p 0.05). Prevalence of exoY and exoU was higher in the non-strong biofilm producers compared to the strong biofilm producers. Conclusion. Our study revealed formation of strong biofilm along with antibiotic resistance and the presence of exo genes in P. aeruginosa isolates. Knowledge of virulence gene profiles and biofilm formation may be useful in deciding appropriate treatment.
On Agree without agreement as a source of reflexive voice constructions
Authors: Baker Mark C
Published: January 2022

Switch-reference has recently been argued to be the result of clausal functional heads entering into Agree with two nearby noun phrases, creating pointers to those noun phrases but not actually copying their morphosyntactic features. Instead, the semantic component interprets the pointers as referential dependency holding between pointed-to noun phrases. This article applies this analysis to reflexive voice constructions in which a feature-invariant affix appears on the verb to indicate that the (highest, direct) object is referentially dependent on the (thematic) subject of the same clause. First it surveys the properties that such constructions should have if reflexive voice is maximally like switch-reference. Then it argues that the Bantu language Lubukusu has just such a construction, the verbal affix i partnering with the overt anaphor omweene to create reflexive clauses. Dravidian reflexive voices are presented as another possible case. Finally, it turns to reflexive and reciprocal voice constructions in Shipibo (Panoan), which seem to have a detransitivizing effect. However, no major detransitivizing account fits all the facts. Rather, reflexive voice in Shipibo is like Lubukusu, except that the anaphor is phonologically null and deficient in phi-features, failing to trigger ergative case on the subject for that reason. True detransitivization may happen in some languages with reflexive voice, but not in all, and it will take considerable care to sort out which are which.
Tasavvuf Düşüncesinde Kalbin Rü’yeti
Authors: AKTULGA GÜRBÜZ Sevda
Published: January 2022

Özet
Rü’yet, Allah’ın dünyada ve âhirette görülmesi ile ilgili kelâmî bir kavramdır. Sûfîler âhirette Allah’ın görüleceğini caiz görmekle beraber dünyada Allah’ın isim ve sıfatlarının kalp gözüyle görülmesinin mümkün olacağını belirtir. Kalp; ilim, keşf, idrâk ve irfanî bilginin merkezi olduğu için sûfilerce ilâhî hitâbın mahali, ilâhî isim ve sıfatların en mükemmel şekilde tecellî ettiği yerdir. Rü’yetü’l kalp üzerine görüşler de, Allah’ı bilerek kudretinin eserlerini görmek anlamındadır. Kalbî rü’yetin vasıtalarını mükâşefe, müşâhede, ilhâm, tecellî, basîret gibi hâl ve makamlar oluşturmaktadır. Sûfîlerin bu hâl ve makamlar ile rü’yet anlayışları; nimeti ve musibeti vereni görme, ilâhî hakîkatlere mazhar olma anlamındadır. Sûfîler açısından kalbin rü’yetini engelleyen hususlar ise hicab, mâsivâ, havâtır (şeytan-nefs) gibi unsurlardır. İnsan kalbini örten perdelerden kurtulursa mülk, melekût âlemleri başta olmak üzere çeşitli gaybî rü’yetlere mazhar olabilir. Çalışmamız da kalbî rü’yetin ilâhî zâtın isim ve sıfatlarının sûfîlerin nazarına göre nasıl değerlendirildiği üzerinedir.
Structural and Financial Aspects of Local Government Reform in Russia. 30 Years of Experience
Authors: Leonov Sergei
Published: January 2022

International practices show that for an effective development of society, it is necessary to find a consensus of the interests of the local community and the country. This is the reason why the low level of autonomy of local self-government in modern Russia is a significant problem, as it does not allow local governments and citizens to become active partici­pants and initiators of transformations carried out at the municipal level. The study, carried out using the historical method of scientific know­ledge, made it possible to analyze the thirty years of Russian experience in the making and reform of local self-government (LSG), to structure the prerequisites and identify five main stages of reform, which differ in the pace and content of reform transformations. In the course of the study, it was revealed that constitutional changes, while remaining formally neutral to local self-government, will require amendments of fe­deral legislation for their implementation, which can give rise to a number of latent threats and undermine the principle of structural isolation and independence of local self-government bodies. In general, over the years of reforms, the legislative strengthening of the powers and rights of local self-government did not find adequate financial support, the real results of the reform are very different from the declared goals. The author substantiated proposals for improving the socio-economic component of the reform in the framework of the evolutionary approach.
Revisiting Career Risks in Human Resources Management
Authors: Sotnikov Nikita
Published: January 2022

A business career, being a promising method of increasing the competitiveness of the organization's labor market, inevitably becomes a source of career risks. In theory and practice, there is a high theo­retical, methodological and research technique uncertainty of the concept of «career risk». In this context, the study of the definition of the concept of "career risks" is relevant. The purpose of our study is to develop the scientific foundations of a risk-based approach to a business career, which makes it possible to determine the conditions, causes, factors and types of career risks that can lead to destructive positioning of human resources in the labor market. The research methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of the main scientific provisions of risk management and career management. The statistical data of the statistical reports and primary personnel documents of commercial banks, the information of the all-Russian statistical reports served as the information and empirical base of the study. The target of research are fifteen banks with different development strategies in the period 2013–2018, operating in Novosibirsk. The scientific novelty lies in the making of the author's conceptual approach to career risks: an interpretation of the concept of «career risk», an interpretation of its socio-economic content, and the imperatives of the emergence of career risks for bank employees are determined. The study showed the need to diagnose risk areas of a business career, which creates information support for developing measures to minimize its negative consequences and maximize emerging opportunities.
Analysis of the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Isolated from Various Ecological Niches of Lake Baikal Ecosystem
Authors: Verkhozina Elena , Verkhozina Valentina , Belykh Olga
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of monitoring studies of bacterial strains on antibiotic resistance held from 1995 to 2015. Samples were selected from various ecological niches of the Lake Baikal ecosystem. The bacteria was analyzed for sensitivity and resistance to 14 antibiotics. It was revealed that bacteria resistant to many antibiotics were isolated from the lake's lithoral. For the first time it has been established that when ana­lyzing a large amount of received data, it is advisable to use variance and correlation methods of analysis. A dispersion analysis of bacterial resistance to antibiotics grouped by the factor of belonging to a certain month of sampling has found that in different months of the year, average resistance is reliably different (P_value = 0,003 < α), i.e. seasonal dynamics are observed. Isolated strains are resistant to a range of broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially tetracycline and ampicillin. The most effective antimicrobial action is noted for pefloxacin, cephaloxima, gentamicin, cephalozolin. According to the cluster analysis, antibio­tic-resistant strains are cross-resistant to many antibiotics. Bacteria isolated from the pelagilyan ecosystems of Lake Baikal and deep-sea bottom sediments are highly sensitive to almost all antibiotics.
Corruption Offences: Current Challenges in Criminal Liability Differentiation
Authors: Reshnyak Maria , Gladkikh Viktor
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to apperceive the current challenges of criminal liability for corruption offences differentiation and, on this basis, to develop scientifically based proposals to address these problems and improve the effectiveness of criminal law anti-corruption measures. The object of the study is public relations associated with the formation and application of differentiated criminal legal anti-corruption measures. The subject of the study is the current legislation challenges, theory and practice in terms of a differentiated approach to the establishment and implementation of criminal liability for corruption offences. The methodological basis of the study comprises general, general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition, including the method of legal modelling. This scientific article reflects the results of a study of the current criminal legislation on liability for corruption offences, an analysis of judicial statistics and theoretical works referring to the issues under consideration, and contains specific proposals for further liability differentiation. The outcome of the study is a scientifically substantiated conclusion that the available differentiation of criminal liability for corruption offences is not fully aligned with the interests of the state and society in anti-corruption efforts. Furthermore, it does not comply with the equitable principle of criminal liability, indicating the advisability of elaboration of a set of measures to improve criminal legislation in this field.
The Development of the Norms and Institutions of Criminal Law in the Transcaucasia Region at the Beginning of the 19th Century
Authors: Minnikes Irina , Salamov Natiq
Published: January 2022

The authors study the development of criminal law in the Transcaucasia region of the Russian Empire in the early 19th century, and discuss the political and legal significance of the accession of Transcaucasia to the Russian Empire. The normative basis of the research is various agreements of the Russian Empire, including agreements with the Khanates of Northern Azerbaijan, the acts of the supreme power —decrees, manifests and instructions, as well as the corresponding narrative materials. The methodological basis of this research is the general dialectic method of scientific cognition, the methods of empirical and theoretical character: description, formalization, comparison, analysis, generalization, deduction and induction, hypothesis, as well as the special legal methods: formal legal, comparative legal. Research results made it possible to prove that, before Transcaucasia joined the Russian Empire, social relationships in the region, including criminal law ones, were regulated by both written and common law, and that state and political changes lead to changes in criminal legislation throughout the whole history. When Transcaucasia, which has a multi-national and multi-confessional population, joined the Russian Empire, the central government faced the task of working out a special criminal law policy of protecting the society from criminal infringements, as well as some other goals and tasks in this area. The authors determine the degree to which the borderland policy of the state influenced the development of the borderland criminal policy, describe legal acts that enacted changes in the criminal legislation. Special attention is paid to describing the institutions of criminal law that underwent changes though the participation of the state in this process; specifics of the goals and tasks of government coercion, as well as the general basics of sentencing are evaluated. The conducted analysis of the contents of historical legal acts allowed the authors to conclude that, after joining the Russian Empire, the essential tasks of the criminal law of Transcaucasia were, for the first time, formulated at the normative level, including such tasks as crime prevention and the protection of individuals and public safety from criminal infringements. The fundamental principles of humanism and justice, different from the previously dominant ones, were established in the criminal law.
Presentación
Authors: Pallarès Piquer Marc
Published: January 2022

Los motivos de cualquier crecimiento se canalizan en la escala mayor y en el progreso exponencial de las fortalezas que se siembran con los años. Desde la tenacidad y la aspiración por alcanzar cotas culturales más elevadas, todo tiene una repercusión, que deja huella en el bagaje de lo que un equipo editorial es capaz de lograr con la difusión de su revista. Consolidarse en posiciones relevantes en cuanto a índices de impacto y convertirse en una revista científica de referencia a nivel mundial no es una tarea sencilla, y Kepes lo ha conseguido, con una actividad frenética en su ánimo difusor, aparte de erigirse en un emblema de los ámbitos culturales del diseño, la imagen y la comunicación.
El alfabeto latino como estímulo para la alfabetidad visual. Diseño, formación del profesorado y derivas tipográficas urbanas
Authors: Huerta Ricard
Published: January 2022

The Latin alphabet as a stimulus for visual literacy. Design, teacher training and urban typographic drifts
Experiencia comunitaria cocreativa en la producción de relatos audiovisuales. Una perspectiva de jóvenes víctimas en Norte de Santander, desde la investigación-acción
Authors: Hernández Albarracín Juan Diego , Ramírez Lindarte María Daniela , López Pena Zósimo
Published: January 2022

Se presentan los resultados del proyecto comunitario de co-creación “Experiencias de Juventud para la Paz”, cuyo objetivo principal se centró en proponer alternativas pedagógicas a la Cátedra de la Paz mediante narrativas que parten de la perspectiva de la alfabetidad visual, en la que participaron 25 jóvenes víctimas del conflicto armado, pertenecientes a la Fundación de Artes Empíricas, ubicada en Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander. La metodología constó de talleres participativos desde la postura de investigación-acción, para movilizar reflexiones críticas y apropiación de técnicas de producción y formación insertas en la cultura audiovisual, derivando en tres cortometrajes argumentales que mostraron las experiencias, memorias y desafíos de los jóvenes, para hacer visibles relatos de su vida barrial y permitiendo expresar racionalidades para construir cultura de paz en el territorio, mediante la aplicación de los componentes de valor de un proyecto audiovisual. Lo que permite concluir, primero, que la Paz es una categoría sistémica que no puede reducirse a la totalidad simple de un saber transmisible, sino a una experiencia pedagógica que debe afectar tanto a los sujetos de enseñanza como de aprendizaje; segundo, el audiovisual planteó nuevas posibilidades a la relación que los participantes tenían con el mundo, encontrando, en esta forma de expresión, la manera de encontrarse y narrarse auténticamente, en el entendido de dejar de ser espectadores y convertirse en autores; f inalmente, el reto de generar proyectos que afecten la representación de jóvenes victimas en el discurso audiovisual colombiano.
Creación del Laboratorio Audiovisual Intercultural para defender la cultura ancestral del Pueblo Misak en Colombia
Authors: Dorado Zúñiga José Antonio
Published: January 2022

El Resguardo de Wampia del pueblo indígena Misak que se ha caracterizado por su resistencia y lucha político-cultural, enfrenta dificultades para defender su lengua y cultura de las injerencias políticas y religiosas, las lenguas exógenas y la globalización que amenazan su extinción social, política y cultural. Para enfrentar estas adversidades la investigación plantea la creación de un Laboratorio Audiovisual Intercultural, inspirado en la cosmovisión y educación propia del Pueblo Misak. Esta es una investigación cualitativa teóricopráctica que se fundamenta en la metodología horizontal y el diálogo de saberes. Desde una perspectiva holística, aborda críticamente el problema de la investigación social desde diferentes epistemes (como la teoría crítica decolonial, filosofía, lingüística, antropología) incluyendo modos de investigación propios que la comunidad ha desarrollado. La propuesta, por ser intercultural, revisó algunos laboratorios de la historia del cine y el audiovisual de resistencia occidental, partiendo de la experiencia docente del investigador en la Escuela de Comunicación Social de la Universidad del Valle y la experiencia educativa de la comunidad indígena.

El Laboratorio Audiovisual Intercultural, diseñado e implementado con los estudiantes de la Universidad Étnica (ubicada en el Resguardo de Wampia) explora el campo emergente de la comunicación indígena y la reivindicación de los saberes propios, como una oportunidad para reflexionar en torno a procesos de creación artístico-educativa y de indagación de narrativas audiovisuales propias, en el marco de una conciencia crítica de los problemas históricos, políticos, sociales y culturales que afectan al Pueblo Misak. La investigación plantea estrategias interculturales con paradigmas propios para defender a través del audiovisual la lengua y la cultura, fortaleciendo así otros modos de ver, de escuchar, pensar y defender el conocimiento ancestral. Esta propuesta metodológica se puede extrapolar a comunidades de diversas latitudes que enfrentan problemas similares
Lo que los personajes tienen que decir. La creación de diálogos mediante la metodología de William Layton
Authors: Nevado Ignacio , Fernández-Ramírez Laura , Naranjo Adrià
Published: January 2022

La creación de diálogos es una fase esencial de la escritura de guiones audiovisuales. Este artículo explica el sistema de análisis de textos dramáticos de William Layton, originalmente dirigido a la interpretación actoral, y lo aplica a la escritura de diálogos audiovisuales. También expone cómo se ha formado en este sistema a estudiantes de un Máster de guion y muestra su utilidad para la creación de diálogos a través de una encuesta a 85 alumnos de diferentes promociones. De ellos, el 59% tenía formación o experiencia previa en el audiovisual. Antes de conocer el método Layton, solo un 9% de la muestra manejaba otra técnica para crear diálogos y un 50% conocía consejos genéricos que guiaran el diseño de las conversaciones de sus personajes. Y es que las monografías técnicas o académicas sobre guion no ofrecen metodologías sistemáticas que permitan al aspirante a guionista iniciarse en la escritura de diálogos, solo presentan recomendaciones. Con la difusión de esta técnica para la creación de diálogos audiovisuales, este artículo pretende contribuir a evitar que esta carencia de metodologías sistemáticas se traslade a los programas formativos. Los encuestados confirman que este método favorece la síntesis (84%), la planificación previa de los diálogos y la funcionalidad de cada frase de los personajes (91%), permitiendo que estas se adecuen mejor a su caracterización psicosocial (94%) o momento del arco dramático (95%). Un 85% de los encuestados sigue empleándola, una vez terminada su formación, en su vida profesional como guionista o declara transmitirla en sus clases cuando trabaja como docente.
Un escenario para el aprendizaje a través de proyectos de diseño en contextos sociales: Laboratorio Estratégico de Diseño Integral (LEDI)
Authors: Castaño Zapata Juliana , Tamayo Alzate Óscar Eugenio , Castañeda Marulanda Walter
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se documentan algunas acciones inherentes a la enseñanza del diseño en el marco de una experiencia educativa, analizada desde la práctica proyectual en asignaturas del pregrado de Diseño Visual de la Universidad de Caldas. Se expone la experiencia docente resultante de implementar proyectos de aula, que durante 10 años (2008-2018) de trabajo ha vinculado comunidades y proyectos de ciudad con el pregrado. Se destaca el valor que cobra el contacto con problemas reales en la formación integral de los diseñadores, dando la posibilidad en algunas asignaturas de proponer y planificar acciones didácticas que conduzcan a la mejora de la experiencia de la práctica proyectual. Surge aquí la necesidad de profundizar en la planeación pedagógica, para detectar las características que las acciones didácticas deben presentar y así entender cómo abordarlas desde el diseño, mediante una observación mediada por acercamientos metodológicos cualitativos. El artículo reporta cómo algunos docentes de este pregrado han diseñado contenidos de asignaturas y propuesto escenarios idóneos para la experimentación, dándole espacio al desarrollo de iniciativas como el LEDI (Laboratorio Estratégico de Diseño Integral), que complementa el escenario académico y enfatiza en una visión integral del diseño.

En esta reflexión sobre la práctica docente se plantea una documentación de algunos procesos y proyectos, de los cuales surge el interés de proponer la construcción consciente y contextualizada de los cursos bajo la mirada disciplinar de la educación debido a la necesidad de identificar cómo se orientan los contenidos, tanto teóricos como prácticos de algunas asignaturas de los programas de diseño y sumar a la estrategia educativa la posibilidad de acceder a los espacios profesionales que pueden gestionar los profesores a los cuales pueden acceder los estudiantes desde la universidad y sacar el mejor provecho de la experiencia; así mismo, reflejar la sintonía de las soluciones plantadas desde la academia con las necesidades detectadas del contexto donde influye el proceso de educación, en nuestro caso el pregrado de Diseño Visual, y poner en evidencia la importancia de comprender los espacios sociales donde actúan los diseñadores en formación y acercarlos a estos.