bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHAPADAS DO BRASIL: ABORDAGEM CIENTÍFICA E CONCEITUAL
Authors: Martins Fernanda Pereira , Salgado André Augusto Rodrigues
Published: April 2016

Chapadas são formas de relevo de grande extensão espacial e localizadas nas regiões Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Apesar de sua importância ecológica e econômica, elas carecem de uma conceituação científica clara e de consenso entre os pesquisadores brasileiros. Este fato atinge diretamente a proteção dessas geoformas, pois a legislação responsável está repleta de falhas e não encontra bases científicas que as dê suporte, dificultando sua aplicação à realidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de criar um conceito científico de chapadas com o método Delphi, utilizando a opinião de diversos especialistas sobre o tema. Foram aplicados dois questionários, nos quais foram discutidos diversos parâmetros e sua respectiva importância na classificação de uma geoforma como chapada. Concluiu-se que chapadas são geoformas dotadas de características peculiares quanto à declividade de seu topo e de sua borda; categoria litológica; mergulho de camadas; processos de formação e altitude. Por fim, concluiu-se que é possível se criar um conceito científico de chapada que pode colaborar com a legislação ambiental e compatível com a realidade de ocorrência dessa geoforma no Brasil.
COMPARTIMENTAÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA DA FOLHA PIUMHI, REGIÃO DO ALTO SÃO FRANCISCO, MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Martins Thallita Isabela Silva , Rodrigues Silvio Carlos
Published: April 2016

O presente trabalho trata da compartimentação geomorfológica da Folha Topográfica de Piumhi (Escala 1:100.000), que abrange o Alto Rio São Francisco, na região do Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais. Essa região apresenta uma morfologia variada em função da riqueza dos seus aspectos litológicos, que condicionam o relevo associados ao clima e dinâmica hidrológica. O trabalho tem como principais objetivos o mapeamento do relevo e o entendimento da evolução e dinâmica geomorfológica da área, utilizando geotecnologias específicas para tal representação. O resultado culminou na classificação do relevo da região em quatro níveis hierárquicos, além da representação de formas específicas estruturais, fluviais e cársticas. Em suma, conclui-se que o intuito deste trabalho ao propor a elaboração do mapa geomorfológico de semi-detalhe, a partir da identificação, classificação e descrição das formas do relevo foi alcançado, podendo servir como base para estudos futuros, tanto nos setores científicos quanto nos de gestão ambiental
Investigation of Moisture Diffusion Process in Fibre Reinforced Composites in Different Environments at Elevated Temperature of Accelerated Hot Wet Resin Matrix
Authors: Sridhar S , Chikkanna Dr. N.
Published: April 2016

In this study, three types of Fibre Reinforced Composites; Glassfibre/epoxy, Glassfibre/vinylester and Glassfibre/polyester resin were fabricated using Hand lay-up process and compacted in a Hotpress. The specimens of these three types of laminates were studied for Moisture Diffusion in two different environments of Fresh water and Sea water soaking at elevated temperature of 90°C. The kinetics of the Diffusion process for accelerated hot wet resin matrix was studied by computing the Diffusion factors in Fresh water and Sea water and theoretically evaluated. To assess the accelerating effect of higher temperature tests were conducted at elevated temperature of 90°C.
Legal Protection Reform for Children Conflicted with Law
Authors: Wati Emy Rosna
Published: April 2016

The government has long been giving protection to children. Protection is reflected in the issuance of various Law. One of them is the Law No. 23 of 2003 on Child Protection. The legal protection of children in conflicted with law and child as victims of crime are regulatedin articlenumber 64. Issuance of Law No. 3 of 1997 on Juvenile Court actually originates from a passion for protecting the rights of children in conflicted with the law. However, due to inadequate understanding and mindset of Juvenile Court, which is do not have the children’s perspective, what comes up is that the substance of Law on Juvenile Court is not to protect children but to prosecute children. However, after the release of Law No. 11 of 2012 onThe Criminal Justice System of Children, legal protection of children in conflict with the law was encouragingly reformed. How To Cite: Rosna Wati, E. (2014). Legal Protection Reform for Children Conflicted with Law. Rechtsidee, 1(1), 59-70. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i1.101
Aceh Shariah Court in The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and Human Rights Context
Authors: Phahlevy Rifqi Ridlo
Published: April 2016

Birth of Special Region Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam based on Law No. 18/2001 on Special Autonomy for Aceh as Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam that changed through Law No. 11 of 2006 on the Governing of Aceh is an attempt to realize a democratic government and prosperous (welfare state). The implication of the birth of NAD is the application of Islamic law as a tool of law and governance NAD, which also puts the Shariah Court as the main pillar of Islamic sharia enforcement in NAD. The existence of the Shariah Court as an instrument of law enforcement in NAD institutionally and functionally problematic. The first, related to the position of the Shariah Court that institutionally a part of the religious court, but has a broader scope of authority. Second, related to aspects of Islamic sharia holding capacity is possible to be imposed on non-Muslims, were both these problems can ultimately hurt the Unitary Republic of Indonesia principles and protection of human rights. How To Cite: Phahlevy, R. (2014). Aceh Shariah Court in The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and Human Rights Context. Rechtsidee, 1(1), 71-84. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i1.103
Criminal Justice System of Children in The Law Number 11 of 2012 (Restorative Justice)
Authors: Ansori Ansori
Published: April 2016

The future of the children will determine the future of the nation. The increasing problem of juvenile delinquency in this globalization and information technology era, requires the state to give more attention to the child's future. Application of the criminal justice system for children in Indonesia is as stipulated in Law Number 3 of 1997 potentially detrimental to the child's interests. In practice, the judicial system had many problems, among them is a violation of the rights of children, such as: physical and psychological violence, as well as deprivation of the right to education and welfare. It happened because the juvenile justice system is against to national and international regulations on the protection of children’s rights. Besides that, theory of punishment for the juvenile delinquency still refers to the concept of retribution for the crimes. This concept is not very useful for the development of the child, so the concept need to be repaired with the concept of restorative justice. With this concept, the criminal justice system for the juvenile delinquency, leads to the restoration of the state and the settlement pattern, involving the perpetrator, the victim, their families and engage with the community. This is done with consideration for the protection of children against the law. Whereas in line with this spirit of the restorative justice, it gives birth to the Law No. 11 of 2012 on The Criminal Justice System of Children.
Tapping: Political Delict That Injure The Rule of Law in The Modern States (Case of Indonesia President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono/SBY Tapping by Australian Signal Directorate/ASD)
Authors: Mediawati Noor Fatimah
Published: April 2016

The interception case of SBY, his wife and the other official, by ASD/ Australian Signal Directorate to be a central topic in this paper. Start of the case, and then it searches in the category, such as general criminal offense,  special criminal offense, or political criminal offense. The study becomes interesting because the tapper country and his object country have the same characteristic, that is the country with supremacy of law. With the result that, the criminal offense, specifically for this interception, it is like injury to the rule of law. How To Cite: Mediawati, N. (2014). Tapping: Political Delict That Injure The Rule of Law in The Modern States (Case of Indonesia President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono/SBY Tapping by Australian Signal Directorate/ASD). Rechtsidee, 1(2), 163-174. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i2.104
The Authority of Notary as Public Official in The Making of Land Deed and Auction Minutes Deed According to The Law Number 30 of 2004 on Notary
Authors: Multazam Mochammad Tanzil
Published: April 2016

Birth of Law No. 30 of 2004 on Notary, regarded as the beginning of reforms in the field of notary. A notary who previously carried out its duties based on the Dutch heritage regulations Reglement op Het Notaris Ambt in Indonesie (Stb. 1860:3) was started feels aware of its existence by the government. However, one of the impact of these laws is the extension of the authority of the notary to make the auctions minutes deed and the land deed, but as it is known in advance, making auctions minutes deed is the authority of the auction official, and make the land deed is the land deed official authority (known as PPAT ). Based on Vendu Reglement (VR), only authorized officials that can make auctions minutes deed, and if the notary push him to make it, then the power of the deed will degrade into privately made deed because it is not made by the competent authority. As with the land deed, authorized officials to make the land deed is PPAT, but the authority specified in Article 2 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 37 of 1998 on Land Deed Official. Therefore, the Notary can make land deed, on condition not including the deed contained in that Article 2 paragraph (2). How To Cite: Multazam, M. (2014). The Authority of Notary as Public Official in The Making of Land Deed and Auction Minutes Deed According to The Law Number 30 of 2004 on Notary. Rechtsidee, 1(2), 147-162. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i2.94
The Law Enforcement of Journalism Profession in The Context of Press Freedom
Authors: Astuti Sri Ayu
Published: April 2016

Law No. 40 of 1999 on Press is a manifestation of respect for the legal protection of press workers . Press in their role contributes to the intellectual level of the nation, through the information submitted in news publications, as well as bringing stipulated by the 1945 Constitution of Republic of Indonesia on freedom of thought and speech as Human Rights. However, in carrying out their journalistic duties, the Press should have responsibilities in the news process, and must not violate the ethics of his profession. Press that violates profession intentionally or unintentionally in the writing and publication of news in the public sphere, will still do the law enforcement process for any misuse of the meaning of freedom of speech and thought that harm others. Enforcement of this law, in line with the revocation of the right of immunity of profession issued by the Constitutional Court, which means the Press as a Professional must do the job with the precautionary principle, not by carelessness due to the trapped arrogance of jobs, and injuring other people's human rights, even doing work profession with not commendable behavior. How To Cite: Astuti, S. (2014). The Law Enforcement of Journalism Profession in The Context of Press Freedom. Rechtsidee, 1(2), 175-190. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i2.97
Problematic MPR Decree Post Reform and After The Issuance of Law No. 12 of 2011
Authors: Wijaya Sulardi
Published: April 2016

The existence of Tap. MPR Post 1945 Amandement to the issuance of Law No. 12 of 2011 has given an opportunity for the Assembly to create a new Tap. MPR outside from the valid one. At the time how judicial review of laws that conflict with the Tap. MPR, and how judicial review of the Tap. MPR are contrary to the Constitution is necessary to realize justice and balance. One of the powers of the Constitutional Court (MK) in paragraph C of Article 24 (1) Constitution of 1945 is hear at the first and the last with a final decision to the laws of Constitution. So if there are laws that conflict with the MPR or MPR and contrary to the Constitution, the authority to test the authority of the Constitutional Court instead. How To Cite: Wijaya, S. (2015). Problematic MPR Decree Post Reform and After The Issuance of Law No. 12 of 2011. Rechtsidee, 2(1), 53-64. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i1.6
Regional Legal Assistance
Authors: Fatah Abdul
Published: April 2016

Legal aid policy in the area carried out on several considerations including: Implementation of the authority given to the legal aid act, granting the guarantee and protection of access to justice and equality before the law in the area, equitable distribution of justice and increase public awareness and understanding of the law, and legal implications that accompanied the emergence of the right to legal counsel without pay and the right to choose the legal settlement. How To Cite Fatah, A. (2015). Regional Legal Assistance. Rechtsidee, 2(1), 1-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i1.7
Financial Village Standing in Indonesian Financial System
Authors: Purnomo Herry
Published: April 2016

Financial resources of the village that are sourced from a country or a Regional Finance Financial based Law Number 6 Year 2014 of The Village is the mandate of the law that must be allocated to the village. The interconnectedness of the financial position of the village in the financial system of the country or Region concerned the Financial administrative and territorial relations, and there is no setting directly regarding the finances of the village as part of the financial system of the country or the financial area. In respect of the elements of the crime of corruption deeds against financial irregularities of the village there are still disagreements on the interpretation of the law in trapping the perpetrators of corruption on the village chief that implies not satisfy the principle of legality and legal certainty in the ruling of the matter of financial irregularities. In fact, many of the village chief or Councilor caught the criminal offence of corruption over the use of financial irregularities. This research analyzes How the financial position of the village in the financial system of the country or region, as well as whether the financial resources of the village is derived from the state budget or region budget managed in village budget belongs to the category of village finances and whether tort against the financial management of the village can be categorized as a criminal act corruption.
Investigation of the effects of the social power and social distance on the realization of apology between Jordanian and English cultures
Authors: Al-Khaza'leh Bilal Ayed , Zainal Ariff Tun Nur Afizah
Published: April 2016

The current study investigated the influence of context-external variables; social power (High, Equal and Low) and social distance (Familiar and Unfamiliar) on the perception of Jordanian and English speech act of apology. Discourse Completion Test (DCT) and Scaled Response Questionnaire (SRQ) were used to elicit data from three groups: 40 Jordanian L2 speakers in Malaysia, 40 Jordanian non-English speakers in Malaysia and 40 English native speakers from British Council in Jordan. The three groups of respondents were asked to assess four context-internal variables i.e. the severity of the offence, the possibility of the offender apology, the difficulty of the apology by the offender and the likelihood of apology acceptance by the offended party.  Results of the study were accomplished using one way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc statistical tests. The findings revealed that Jordanians have high sensitivity toward hierarchical power and social distance more than English native speakers. Moreover, results revealed that there are negative sociopragmatic transfers from L1 to L2 by JL2Ss based on their four-context internal variables perception.  Findings could be used to increase the cultural awareness toward some similarities and differences between both cultures
Swedish Version of Mood Spectrum Self-Report Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of Lifetime and Last-week Version
Authors: Ioannou Michael , Dellepiane Marzia , Benvenuti Antonella , Feloukatzis Konstantinos , Skondra Nektaria , Dell'Osso Liliana , Steingrímsson Steinn
Published: April 2016

Background:

Mood Spectrum Self Report (MOODS-SR) is an instrument that assesses mood spectrum symptomatology including subthreshold manifestations and temperamental features. There are different versions of the MOODS-SR for different time frames of symptom assessment: lifetime (MOODS-LT), last-month and last-week (MOODS-LW) versions.

Objective:

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the MOODS-LT the MOODS-LW.

Methods:

The reliability of the MOODS-LT and MOODS-LW was evaluated in terms of internal consistency and partial correlations among domains and subdomains. The known-group validity was tested by comparing out-patients with bipolar disorder (n=27), unipolar depression (n=8) healthy controls (n=68). The convergent and divergent validity of MOODS-LW were evaluated using the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Young-Ziegler Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) in outpatients as well the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in healthy controls.

Results:

Both MOODS-LT and MOOODS-LW showed high internal consistency with the Kuder-Richardson coefficient ranging from 0.823 to 0.985 as well as consistent correlations for all domains and subdomains. The last-week version correlated significantly with MADRS (r= 0.79) and YMRS (r=0.46) in outpatients and with GHQ-12 (r= 0.50 for depression domain, r= 0.29 for rhythmicity) in healthy controls.

Conclusion:

The Swedish version of the MOODS-LT showed similar psychometric properties to other translated versions. Regarding MOODS-LW, this first published psychometric evaluation of the scale showed promising psychometric properties including good correlation to established symptom assessment scales. In healthy controls, the depression and rhythmicity domain scores of the last-week version correlated significantly with the occurrence of mild psychological distress.
Design of Automatic Positioning Equipment for Cross Beam
Authors: Zhang Hong , Luo Zili , Guo Jin
Published: April 2016

By analyzing and summarizing the process and requirements of cross beam installation, an underwater three-direction positioning equipment is developed. Through three sets of hydraulic cylinders and MGE sliders combining hydraulic synchronizing lifting technique and computer communication technology, precise automatic positioning is achieved. The equipment can be used in positioning other similar large structures.
Almost automorphic solutions of delayed neutral dynamic systems on hybrid domains
Authors: Adıvar Murat , Koyuncuoğlu Halis , Raffoul Youssef
Published: April 2016

We study the existence of almost automorphic solutions of the delayed neutral
dynamic system on hybrid domains that are additively periodic. We use
exponential dichotomy and prove uniqueness of projector of exponential
dichotomy to obtain some limit results leading to sufficient conditions for
existence of almost automorphic solutions to neutral system. Unlike the
existing literature we prove our existence results without assuming
boundedness of the coefficient matrices in the system. Hence, we significantly
improve the results in the existing literature. Finally, we also provide an
existence result for an almost periodic solutions of the system.
Genome-wide in silico identification, characterization and transcriptional analysis of the family of growth-regulating factors in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) subjected to polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress
Authors: Büyük İlker , Aras Sümer
Published: April 2016

According to most recent findings, growth regulating factors (GRFs) are
plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play important roles in many
processes, including abiotic and biotic stress response mechanisms.
Completion of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genome project has
provided researchers with the opportunity to identify all GRF genes in this
species. With this aim, a genome-wide in silico study was performed and 10
GRF proteins (called PhvGRFs) were identified in the common bean genome.
Conserved and mandatory motifs (QLQ and WRC) were confirmed in all identified
PhvGRFs and two segmental duplication events were determined. Most of the
PhvGRFs were found to be more similar to Arabidopsis thaliana GRFs than to
Zea mays GRFs in a phylogenetic tree. According to the expression analysis of
10 PhvGRFs, inversely related expression patterns were observed in the roots
of Yakutiye and Zulbiye cultivars based on their capacity to adopt to drought
stress. After drought treatment of the Zulbiye cultivar, a drought-sensitive
common bean cultivar, PhvGRF1, PhvGRF2, PhvGRF3, PhvGRF5, PhvGRF6, PhvGRF9
and PhvGRF10 genes were upregulated 2- to 4-fold in root tissues, as compared
to the untreated control. The trend of PhvGRF1, PhvGRF2, PhvGRF3, PhvGRF5,
PhvGRF6, PhvGRF7, PhvGRF9 and PhvGRF10 genes showed a consistent decline of
2- to 6-fold in root tissues of the drought-tolerant Yakutiye cultivar
subjected to 24 h of drought stress. We demonstrated that the expression
patterns of the identified PhvGRFs correlated with the drought-stress
response in a cultivar-specific manner in the common bean. We suggest that
members of the GRF family can also be used for genetic engineering
applications in the common bean.
Impact of Lubricant Additives on thePhysicochemical Properties and Activity of Three‐Way Catalysts
Authors: Xie Chao , Toops Todd , Lance Michael , Qu Jun , Viola Michael , Lewis Samuel , Leonard Donovan , Hagaman Edward
Published: April 2016

As alternative lubricant anti‐wear additives are sought to reduce friction and improve overall fuel economy, it is important that these additives are also compatible with current emissions control catalysts. In the present work, an oil‐miscible phosphorous‐containing ionic liquid (IL), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate ([P66614][DEHP]), is evaluated for its impact on three‐way catalysts (TWC) and benchmarked against the industry standard zinc‐dialkyl‐dithio‐phosphate (ZDDP). The TWCs are aged in different scenarios: neat gasoline (no‐additive, or NA), gasoline+ZDDP, and gasoline+IL. The aged samples, along with the as‐received TWC, are characterized through various analytical techniques including catalyst reactivity evaluation in a bench‐flow reactor. The temperatures of 50% conversion (T50) for the ZDDP‐aged TWCs increased by 30, 24, and 25 °C for NO, CO, and C3H6, respectively, compared to the no‐additive case. Although the IL‐aged TWC also increased in T50 for CO and C3H6, it was notably less than ZDDP, 7 and 9 °C, respectively. Additionally, the IL‐aged samples had higher water‐gas‐shift reactivity and oxygen storage capacity than the ZDDP‐aged TWC. Characterization of the aged samples indicated the predominant presence of CePO4 in the ZDDP‐aged TWC aged by ZDDP, while its formation was retarded in the case of IL where higher levels of AlPO4 is observed. Thus, results in this work indicate that the phosphonium‐phosphate IL potentially has less adverse impact on TWC than ZDDP.
Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Cobalt Thiocyanate Coordination Compounds with 4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine as Co-ligand
Authors: Suckert Stefan , Germann Luzia , Dinnebier Robert , Werner Julia , Näther Christian
Published: April 2016

Reaction of Co(NCS)2 with 4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine (hmpy) leads to the formation of six new coordination compounds with the composition [Co(NCS)2(hmpy))4] (1), [Co(NCS)2(hmpy)4] × H2O (1-H2O), [Co(NCS)2(hmpy)2(EtOH)2] (2), [Co(NCS)2(hmpy)2(H2O)2] (3), [Co(NCS)2(hmpy)2]n∙4 H2O (4) and [Co(NCS)2(hmpy)2]n (5). They were characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction experiments, thermal and elemental analysis, IR and magnetic measurements. Compound 1 and 1-H2O form discrete complexes, in which the Co(II) cations are octahedrally coordinated by two terminal thiocyanato anions and four 4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine ligands. Discrete complexes were also observed for compounds 2 and 3 where two of the hmpy ligands were substituted by solvent, either water (3) or ethanol (2). In contrast, in compounds 4 and 5, the Co(II) cations are linked into chains by bridging 4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine ligands. The phase purity was checked with X-ray powder diffraction. Thermogravimetric measurements showed that compound 3 transforms into 5 upon heating, whereas the back transformation occurs upon resolvation. Magnetic measurements did not show any magnetic exchange via the hmpy ligand for compound 5.
Design and Analysis of Jacket Substructures for Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Chen I-Wen , Wong Bao-Leng , Lin Yu-Hung , Chau Shiu-Wu , Huang Hsin-Haou
Published: April 2016

This study focused on investigating various existing types of offshore jacket substructures along with a proposed twisted-tripod jacket type (modified jacket (MJ)-structures). The architectures of the three-leg structure, as well as the patented twisted jacket structure motivated the design of the proposed MJ-structures. The dimensions of the structures were designed iteratively using static stress analysis to ensure that all structures had a similar level of load-carrying capability. The numerical global buckling analyses were performed for all structures after the validation by the scaled-down experiments. The local buckling strength of all compressive members was analyzed using the NORSOK standard. The results showed that the proposed MJ-structures possess excellent structural behavior and few structural nodes and components competitive with the patented twisted jacket structures, while still maintaining the advantages of low material usage similar to the three-leg jacket structures. This study provides alternatives for the initial selection and design of offshore wind turbine substructures for green energy applications.
Energy Conservation and Emissions Reduction in China’s Power Sector: Alternative Scenarios Up to 2020
Authors: Yuan Jiahai , Na Chunning , Hu Zheng , Li Ping
Published: April 2016

This paper discusses energy conservation and emissions reduction (ECER) in China’s power sector. To better understand China’s successes and failures on energy conservation in the electricity industry, first it is important to know the status of China’s power sector, and the key energy conservation actions, as well as the achievements in the past years. Second, two ECER scenarios are constructed to probe the 2020 energy conservation potential. Results show that the potential is estimated to be more than 240 million tons of coal equivalent (Mtce). Third, the improvement of coal power operations, structures and technologies, and ambitious deployment of energy conservation measures are proposed to fully explore the potential of China’s power industry. Fourth, great challenges for China’s ECER and some suggested policies are summed up. The lessons learnt from China will provide a valuable reference and useful inputs for other emerging economies.
Triptolide Modulates TREM-1 Signal Pathway to Inhibit the Inflammatory Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Fan Danping , He Xiaojuan , Bian Yanqin , Guo Qingqing , Zheng Kang , Zhao Yukun , Lu Cheng , Liu Baoqin , Xu Xuegong , Zhang Ge , Lu Aiping
Published: April 2016

Triptolide (TP), an active component isolated from Tripterygiumwilfordii Hook F, has therapeutic potential against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of TP acting on RA by combining bioinformatics analysis with experiment validation. The human protein targets of TP and the human genes of RA were found in the PubChem database and NCBI, respectively. These two dataset were then imported into Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software online, and then the molecular network of TP on RA could be set up and analyzed. After that, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were done to further verify the prediction. The results indicated that the main canonical signal pathways of TP protein targets networks were mainly centered on cytokine and cellular immune signaling, and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 signaling was searched to be the top one shared signaling pathway and involved in the cytokine and cellular immune signaling. Further in vitro experiments indicated that TP not only remarkably lowered the levels of TREM-1 and DNAX-associated protein (DAP)12, but also significantly suppressed the activation of janus activating kinase (JAK)2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated U937 cells also decreased after treatment with TP. Furthermore, TREM-1 knockdown was able to interfere with the inhibition effects of TP on these cytokines production. In vivo experiments showed that TP not only significantly inhibited the TREM-1 mRNA and DAP12 mRNA expression, and activation of JAK2 and STAT3 in ankle of rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), but also remarkably decreased production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and joint. These findings demonstrated that TP could modulate the TREM1 signal pathway to inhibit the inflammatory response in RA.
Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T‐2 and HT‐2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides
Authors: Ferruz Elena , Atanasova‐Pénichon Vessela , Bonnin‐Verdal Marie‐Noëlle , Marchegay Gisèle , Pinson‐Gadais Laëtitia , Ducos Christine , Lorán Susana , Ariño Agustín , Barreau Christian , Richard‐Forget Florence
Published: April 2016

The effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of T‐2 and HT‐2 toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides, on Mycotoxin Synthetic medium. Plates treated with 0.5 mM of each phenolic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p‐coumaric) and controls without phenolic acid were incubated for 14 days at 25 °C. Fungal biomass of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides was not reduced by the phenolic acids. However, biosynthesis of T‐2 toxin by F. langsethiae was significantly reduced by chlorogenic (23.1%) and ferulic (26.5%) acids. Production of T‐2 by F. sporotrichioides also decreased with ferulic acid by 23% (p < 0.05). In contrast, p‐coumaric acid significantly stimulated the production of T‐2 and HT‐2 toxins for both strains. A kinetic study of F. langsethiae with 1 mM ferulic acid showed a significant decrease in fungal biomass, whereas T‐2 production increased after 10 days of incubation. The study of gene expression in ferulic supplemented cultures of F. langsethiae revealed a significant inhibition for Tri5, Tri6 and Tri12 genes, while for Tri16 the decrease in gene expression was not statistically significant. Overall, results indicated that phenolic acids had a variable effect on fungal growth and mycotoxin production, depending on the strain and the concentration and type of phenolic acid assayed.
Is There a Chronic Elevation in Organ-Tissue Sleeping Metabolic Rate in Very Fit Runners?
Authors: Midorikawa Taishi , Tanaka Shigeho , Ando Takafumi , Tanaka Chiaki , Masayuki Konishi , Ohta Megumi , Torii Suguru , Sakamoto Shizuo
Published: April 2016

It is unclear whether the resting metabolic rate of individual organ-tissue in adults with high aerobic fitness is higher than that in untrained adults; in fact, this topic has been debated for years using a two-component model. To address this issue, in the present study, we examined the relationship between the measured sleeping energy expenditure (EE) by using an indirect human calorimeter (IHC) and the calculated resting EE (REE) from organ-tissue mass using magnetic resonance imaging, along with the assumed metabolic rate constants in healthy adults. Seventeen healthy male long-distance runners were recruited and grouped according to the median \(\dot{\text{V}}\)O2peak: very fit group (>60 mL/min/kg; n = 8) and fit group (<60 mL/min/kg; n = 9). Participants performed a graded exercise test for determining \(\dot{\text{V}}\)O2peak; X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging were used to determine organ-tissue mass, and IHC was used to determine sleeping EE. The calculated REE was estimated as the sum of individual organ-tissue masses multiplied by their metabolic rate constants. No significant difference was observed in the measured sleeping EE, calculated REE, and their difference, as well as in the slopes and intercepts of the two regression lines between the groups. Moreover, no significant correlation between \(\dot{\text{V}}\)O2peak and the difference in measured sleeping EE and calculated REE was observed for all subjects. Thus, aerobic endurance training does not result in a chronic elevation in the organ-tissue metabolic rate in cases with \(\dot{\text{V}}\)O2peak of approximately 60 mL/min/kg.
Long-Term Fructose Intake Increases Adipogenic Potential: Evidence of Direct Effects of Fructose on Adipocyte Precursor Cells
Authors: Zubiría María , Alzamendi Ana , Moreno Griselda , Rey María , Spinedi Eduardo , Giovambattista Andrés
Published: April 2016

We have previously addressed that fructose rich diet (FRD) intake for three weeks increases the adipogenic potential of stromal vascular fraction cells from the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT). We have now evaluated the effect of prolonged FRD intake (eight weeks) on metabolic parameters, number of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) and in vitro adipogenic potential from control (CTR) and FRD adult male rats. Additionally, we have examined the direct fructose effects on the adipogenic capacity of normal APCs. FRD fed rats had increased plasma levels of insulin, triglyceride and leptin, and RPAT mass and adipocyte size. FACS studies showed higher APCs number and adipogenic potential in FRD RPAT pads; data is supported by high mRNA levels of competency markers: PPARγ2 and Zfp423. Complementary in vitro experiments indicate that fructose-exposed normal APCs displayed an overall increased adipogenic capacity. We conclude that the RPAT mass expansion observed in eight week-FRD fed rats depends on combined accelerated adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy, partially due to a direct effect of fructose on APCs.
Detection and Mapping of Black Rock Coatings Using Hyperion Images: Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Leverington David , Schindler Michael
Published: April 2016

Base metal smelting activities can produce acidic rain that promotes vegetation loss and the development of black coatings on bedrock. Such coatings can form over large areas and are among the most prominent long-term vestiges of past smelting activities. In this study, multispectral images derived from Hyperion reflectance data were evaluated with regard to their utility in the discrimination and mapping of black rock coatings near Sudbury. Spectral angle mapper (SAM) classifications generated on the basis of image-derived endmember spectra could not be used to properly identify major exposures of coated bedrock without also producing substantial confusion with uncoated classes. Neural network and maximum likelihood classifications produced improved representations of the spatial distribution of coated bedrock, though confusion between coated and uncoated classes is problematic in most outputs. Maximum likelihood results generated using a null class are noteworthy for their effectiveness in highlighting exposures of coated bedrock without substantial confusion with uncoated classes. Although challenges remain, classification results confirm the potential of remote sensing techniques for use in the worldwide detection, mapping, and monitoring of coating-related environmental degradation in the vicinities of base metal smelters.
Design and Vibration Sensitivity Analysis of a MEMS Tuning Fork Gyroscope with an Anchored Diamond Coupling Mechanism
Authors: Guan Yanwei , Gao Shiqiao , Liu Haipeng , Jin Lei , Niu Shaohua
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a new micromachined tuning fork gyroscope (TFG) with an anchored diamond coupling mechanism is proposed while the mode ordering and the vibration sensitivity are also investigated. The sense-mode of the proposed TFG was optimized through use of an anchored diamond coupling spring, which enables the in-phase mode frequency to be 108.3% higher than the anti-phase one. The frequencies of the in- and anti-phase modes in the sense direction are 9799.6 Hz and 4705.3 Hz, respectively. The analytical solutions illustrate that the stiffness difference ratio of the in- and anti-phase modes is inversely proportional to the output induced by the vibration from the sense direction. Additionally, FEM simulations demonstrate that the stiffness difference ratio of the anchored diamond coupling TFG is 16.08 times larger than the direct coupling one while the vibration output is reduced by 94.1%. Consequently, the proposed new anchored diamond coupling TFG can structurally increase the stiffness difference ratio to improve the mode ordering and considerably reduce the vibration sensitivity without sacrificing the scale factor.
A Novel Field-Circuit FEM Modeling and Channel Gain Estimation for Galvanic Coupling Real IBC Measurements
Authors: Gao Yue-Ming , Wu Zhu-Mei , Pun Sio-Hang , Mak Peng-Un , Vai Mang-I , Du Min
Published: April 2016

Existing research on human channel modeling of galvanic coupling intra-body communication (IBC) is primarily focused on the human body itself. Although galvanic coupling IBC is less disturbed by external influences during signal transmission, there are inevitable factors in real measurement scenarios such as the parasitic impedance of electrodes, impedance matching of the transceiver, etc. which might lead to deviations between the human model and the in vivo measurements. This paper proposes a field-circuit finite element method (FEM) model of galvanic coupling IBC in a real measurement environment to estimate the human channel gain. First an anisotropic concentric cylinder model of the electric field intra-body communication for human limbs was developed based on the galvanic method. Then the electric field model was combined with several impedance elements, which were equivalent in terms of parasitic impedance of the electrodes, input and output impedance of the transceiver, establishing a field-circuit FEM model. The results indicated that a circuit module equivalent to external factors can be added to the field-circuit model, which makes this model more complete, and the estimations based on the proposed field-circuit are in better agreement with the corresponding measurement results.
A Portable Low-Power Acquisition System with a Urease Bioelectrochemical Sensor for Potentiometric Detection of Urea Concentrations
Authors: Ma Wei-Jhe , Luo Ching-Hsing , Lin Jiun-Ling , Chou Sin-Houng , Chen Ping-Hung , Syu Mei-Jywan , Kuo Shin-Hung , Lai Shin-Chi
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a portable low-power battery-driven bioelectrochemical signal acquisition system for urea detection. The proposed design has several advantages, including high performance, low cost, low-power consumption, and high portability. A LT1789-1 low-supply-voltage instrumentation amplifier (IA) was used to measure and amplify the open-circuit potential (OCP) between the working and reference electrodes. An MSP430 micro-controller was programmed to process and transduce the signals to the custom-developed software by ZigBee RF module in wireless mode and UART in able mode. The immobilized urease sensor was prepared by embedding urease into the polymer (aniline-co-o-phenylenediamine) polymeric matrix and then coating/depositing it onto a MEMS-fabricated Au working electrode. The linear correlation established between the urea concentration and the potentiometric change is in the urea concentrations range of 3.16 × 10−4 to 3.16 × 10−2 M with a sensitivity of 31.12 mV/log [M] and a precision of 0.995 (R2 = 0.995). This portable device not only detects urea concentrations, but can also operate continuously with a 3.7 V rechargeab-le lithium-ion battery (500 mA·h) for at least four days. Accordingly, its use is feasible and even promising for home-care applications.
Evaluation of Smartphone Inertial Sensor Performance for Cross-Platform Mobile Applications
Authors: Kos Anton , Tomažič Sašo , Umek Anton
Published: April 2016

Smartphone sensors are being increasingly used in mobile applications. The performance of sensors varies considerably among different smartphone models and the development of a cross-platform mobile application might be a very complex and demanding task. A publicly accessible resource containing real-life-situation smartphone sensor parameters could be of great help for cross-platform developers. To address this issue we have designed and implemented a pilot participatory sensing application for measuring, gathering, and analyzing smartphone sensor parameters. We start with smartphone accelerometer and gyroscope bias and noise parameters. The application database presently includes sensor parameters of more than 60 different smartphone models of different platforms. It is a modest, but important start, offering information on several statistical parameters of the measured smartphone sensors and insights into their performance. The next step, a large-scale cloud-based version of the application, is already planned. The large database of smartphone sensor parameters may prove particularly useful for cross-platform developers. It may also be interesting for individual participants who would be able to check-up and compare their smartphone sensors against a large number of similar or identical models.
Development of 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the endangered Seychelles palm Lodoicea maldivica (Arecaceae)
Authors: Morgan Emma J. , Määttänen Kirsti , Kaiser‐Bunbury Christopher N. , Buser Andres , Fleischer‐Dogley Frauke , Kettle Chris J.
Published: April 2016

Premise of the study:

The evolutionarily and ecologically distinct coco de mer palm Lodoicea maldivica (Arecaceae) is endemic to two islands in the Seychelles. Before colonization of the islands by man, the endangered palm formed large monodominant stands, but its natural range is now restricted to four main populations and several patches of isolated individuals. Microsatellite markers were designed to investigate the genetic structure of the remaining natural populations of L. maldivica.

Methods and Results:

We developed 12 polymorphic and three monomorphic microsatellite markers for this species, with a mean number of alleles per locus of 13.2 (range 5–21) and expected heterozygosity values ranging from 0.31–0.91 for the polymorphic loci.

Conclusions:

These markers enable us to study the patterns of genetic diversity, contemporary seed dispersal, and the fine‐scale spatial genetic structure of this important conservation flagship species.
Wind-driven damage localization on a suspension bridge
Authors: Domaneschi Marco , Limongelli Maria Pina , Martinelli Luca
Published: April 2016

The paper focuses on extending a recently proposed damage localization method, previously devised for structures subjected to a known input, to ambient vibrations induced by an unknown wind excitation. Wind induced vibrations in long-span bridges can be recorded without closing the infrastructure to traffic, providing useful data for health monitoring purposes. One major problem in damage identification of large civil structures is the scarce data recorded on damaged real structures. A detailed finite element model, able to correctly and reliably reproduce the real structure behavior under ambient excitation can be an invaluable tool, enabling the simulation of several different damage scenarios to test the performance of any monitoring system. In this work a calibrated finite element model of an existing long-span suspension bridge is used to simulate the structural response to wind actions. Several damage scenarios are simulated with different location and severity of damage to check the sensitivity of the adopted identification method. The sensitivity to the length and noise disturbances of recorded data are also investigated.
Evaluation of calculation methods used for estimating the ultimate moment resistance of bridge decks reinforced with frp bars
Authors: Skuturna Tomas , Valivonis Juozas
Published: April 2016

A statistical research of the calculation methods for calculating ultimate moments of concrete elements reinforced
with fibre-reinforced plastic is presented. For this purpose a database of experimental results has been collected.
Calculations of the ultimate moment resistance were performed according to three design recommendations.
Wilk-Shapiro test were used to determine the distribution of experimental and theoretical data. The statistical research
to evaluate the calculation methods was performed by testing the statistical hypothesis on the differences between
theoretical and experimental values. It is suggested to calculate the coefficient of confidence for assessing the accuracy
of calculation methods.
Frost durability of steel fiber self-compacting concrete for pavements
Authors: Wawrzeńczyk Jerzy , Molendowska Agnieszka , Kłak Adam
Published: April 2016

The paper presents the results from the research on self-compacting concrete with different steel fibre type addition. The reference self-compacting concrete mix with water/binder = 0.33 was prepared, then modified with steel fibres in the amounts of 0–60 kg/m3 and air entrained with polymer microspheres (40 μm diameter). The major objective of the research was to determine the effect of steel fibre and air content on the self-compacting concrete mix properties and hardened concrete frost durability. The tests also included internal cracking and scaling resistance evaluation for concrete specimens subjected to cyclic freeze-thaw process − two beams were frozen in air and two beams were partially submerged in water and then frozen. The scaling resistance was tested using the slab method on the specimens with sawn surface and on the specimens with natural finished surface. Non-air entrained steel fibrereinforced concretes, despite their high strength class (C55/67–C60/75) and medium absorption (4.34–5.11%), showed unsatisfactory resistance to internal cracking and scaling tests. The beams partially submerged in water failed after 100 freeze-thaw cycles, which confirms a significant influence of water uptake from moist environment during freeze-thaw cycles and the acceleration of the damage process. Test results indicate that air entrainment with polymer microspheres is a very effective method and allows obtaining very good air pore structure parameters and frost resistance results. The specimens with top − finished surface exhibited less damage in the scaling resistance tests in relation to the specimens with sawn surface.
Behavior evaluation for reinforced concrete columns with rectangular hollow section subjected to axial compression and biaxial bending
Authors: Xu Zigang , Han Qiang , Huang Chao
Published: April 2016

In order to evaluate the behavior of reinforced concrete columns with rectangular hollow section subjected to axial compression and biaxial bending, the calculation formula of load capacity and moment-curvature relationship are derived according to the distribution type of neutral axis in this paper. The load capacity and rotation ductility of the bottom control section of three reinforced concrete specimen bridge columns with rectangular hollow section under different axial compression ratio, reinforcement ratio and stirrup ratio are analyzed based on these calculation formulae. The Mx–My interaction curves and moment-curvature curves of bridge column specimens derived from the theoretical calculation show good agreement with the experimental data obtained by cyclic testing of three specimens under axial compression and biaxial bending. The results show that the P–Mx–My interaction has considerable effects on the behavior of the reinforced concrete bridge columns with rectangular hollow section. If these interaction effects are ignored, then the load capacity and deformation are overestimated and this fact can be crucial from the viewpoint of design.