bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Meyer Stephen
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter examines the changing work environments in the automotive industry after World War II, and traces the evolution of manhood in the postwar years. It argues that, despite incredible reshaping, the workplace problems of automobile workers after World War II remained much the same as existed at the time of the mass-production revolution. In the postwar years, the problems of technology, race, and gender persisted and in some instances even got much worse—postwar improvements in mechanization and automation meant that workers had to match the pace of more sophisticated technology. In addition, industrial unions brought the most dramatic changes in the relations between workers and managers.
Intersections, Overlaps, and Collaborations
Authors: Ntarangwi Mwenda
Published: May 2017

This chapter summarizes in brief an ethnography which demonstrates a close collaboration between the subject and researcher; the role one hip hop artist plays in a counterdiscourse to Christianity's conservative posture in Kenya; a methodological approach that blurs any assumed distance between object and subject; and the intersections, overlaps, and collaborations that have taken place in the life and work of Julius Owino—more famously known as Juliani—as an artist and the author's own as the ethnographer. This chapter provides the groundwork for later discussion by briefly examining the life and career of Juliani as well as his own relationship with the author, and by providing overviews of the major themes underpinning this volume as a whole—hip hop, youth culture, and Christianity.
Conclusion
Authors: Ntarangwi Mwenda
Published: May 2017

This concluding chapter contains reflections on the parallels and intersections occurring throughout the major themes discussed in the book, the author's own life and that of Juliani's, Kenyan and U.S. popular culture, and of course, Christianity and hip hop. It also contains a brief survey of public opinion generated through social media regarding Juliani and his importance as a Christian hip hop artist. As a genre, hip hop combines the creativity of individual artists with the global relevance of its message. The same can be said of Christianity, where individual convictions resonate with the sensibilities of many. The chapter emphasizes the parallels and intersections between the two, before concluding with some final reflections on Juliani's impact as a Christian hip hop artist.
Mavericks
Authors: Wierzbicki James
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the concept of “maverick,” a term as American as the Stars and Stripes that the notion of the “maverick composer” is likewise unique to the United States. An important handful of American composers in the postwar years demonstrated a comparable lack of interest not in music but in the traditional business of music-making. As much as they could, they avoided the universities that supported so many of the modernists. They avoided, too, the opera companies and symphony orchestras that through commissions and performances supported so many of the mainstreamers. Occasionally, they banded together in collectives whose members pursued similar goals and thus were mutually influential. However, most of the time, the maverick composers of the Fifties marched to the beats of very different drummers.
Cole Porter at Yale
Authors: Kimball Robert
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on Porter's years (1909–13) at Yale. Looking back at these years, the musical comedy scores Porter wrote for his fraternity, Delta Kappa Epsilon, and for the annual smokers of the Yale Dramat were the most significant aspect of his college experience for his subsequent career in the musical theater. With his five show scores—Cora (1911), And the Villain Still Pursued Her (1912), The Pot of Gold (1912), The Kaleidoscope (1913), and Paranoia, which he wrote for his alma mater while a student at the Harvard School of Music in 1914—Porter transformed musical comedy at Yale from what had been an occasional divertissement into a tradition that for many years held an honored place in the university's cultural life. He developed a proficiency in writing for the stage that prepared him ably for what would turn out to be a forty-year career as a composer-lyricist for Broadway and Hollywood.
Lists of Louche Living Music in Cole Porter’s Social World
Authors: Morris Mitchell
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers several ways to think about how music appeared in Porter's social world. The term “musicking,” coined by musicologist Christopher Small to incorporate all musical performance acts, from composing to playing to listening to dancing, under a single rubric, is an excellent label for Porter, whose personal performances were as central to his life as his songwriting. He was a consummate musicker: his passion for music was always socially embedded to a degree that complicated any straightforward decontextualization. And in this respect, he was united with many of his friends and allies. This becomes clear from a brief account of his earlier career.
From “Young Bears” to “Three-Letter Words”
Authors: Hepokoski James
Published: May 2017

The lyrics of some of Porter's most celebrated songs underwent a double process of generalization (away from the specifically local references) and neutralization (bowdlerization) as they made their way into the larger culture. This chapter illustrates that process by looking at “Anything Goes” (from the 1934 musical of the same name) as an exemplary case study, tracing its path into broader consumption spheres from its sexually and socially mischievous original version through a series of differing, Porter-sanctioned alternatives in late 1934 and 1935 to its comfortable assimilation, by the 1950s, as an anodyne standard in the Great American Songbook to be interpreted by leading recording artists.
Cole Porter’s Papers
Authors: Horowitz Mark Eden
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents the author's reflections as the archivist for the Cole Porter Collection in the Music Division of the Library of Congress. He shares are some of the things that touched and fascinated him from that collection. He says that Porter's manuscripts and papers are a near-inexhaustible source for research and fascination. One can get lost in the craft, the detail, the life, and the history. And one thing always leads to another. What surprised him more than anything is how few people take advantage of papers like Porter's that were saved and donated and are now available for study. Thus, readers should take this chapter as both a challenge and an invitation.
Secondary Materials and the Study of Cole Porter
Authors: Decker Gregory J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents an annotated list of secondary sources whose major focus is either Cole Porter and his music or subjects closely related to his life and works. The bibliography will be of use to researchers who study Porter, his music, and the historical and cultural milieu in which he worked; it will also be of interest to those wishing to grasp the state of the field, as it serves as a general overview of the available research. The sources have been organized into six categories: biography; critical interpretation; musical construction; studies of particular songs, shows, or lyrics; contextual sources; and encyclopedic sources. Several sources that do not fall easily into any of these groupings have been listed separately.
Introduction
Authors: Avilez GerShun
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter provides a background of Black Nationalism. Black Nationalism is a political philosophy that has played an integral part in African American social thought from the nineteenth century forward. There are two main threads of this philosophical tradition: classical and modern. Classical Black Nationalism is a political framework guided primarily by concerns with the creation of a sovereign Black state and uplifting and “civilizing” the race. With regards to Black Nationalist thought in the twentieth century, two moments loom large: Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in the 1910s/1920s and the Black Power Movement in the 1960s/1970s. Modern Black Nationalism is characterized by two specific shifts away from the foundational ideas that governed the classical form. It departs from its predecessor in the general lack of an explicit emphasis on an independent Black nation-state. It also shifts attention to mass culture and Black working-class life.
Global Loss
Authors: Kim Christine
Published: May 2017

This chapter looks at the poetry of Souvankham Thammavongsa to understand the figure of the Asian refugee as a metaphor for the inhuman within human rights discourses. Her first two books, Small Arguments (2003) and Found (2007), offer mediations on the mechanisms of power that threaten to render certain lives lost and forgotten. The chapter then turns to her work in big boots, a now defunct Toronto-based zine united by feminist and racialized concerns. By recording the experiences and creative outputs of this minor public in print, this zine legitimates marginalized lives and interrogates the structures that constantly threaten them with erasure. Ultimately, these texts investigate how the legitimating capabilities of print are necessary in order for a logic of exception to be exercised and human rights discourses to operate.
Bringing Marketing into the Newsroom
Authors: Nadler Anthony M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the “market-driven news” movement that began to spread throughout the newspaper industry in the late 1970s. By reviewing accounts of the movement from journalists and researchers and in trade journals such as Presstime and Editor and Publisher, the chapter reconstructs how the market-driven newspaper movement took form as a culture of production that had a wide-ranging influence on U.S. news. Industry leaders felt that newspapers had to undergo a fundamental shift in their editorial philosophy—that newspapers could no longer define and prioritize news solely based on the professional judgment of editors and journalists. Instead, they proposed that papers needed to reimagine their role as servants not to an abstract public interest, but to their readers' professed interests and desires.
Interview with John Lasseter
Authors: Neupert Richard
Published: May 2017

This interview by Denis Rossano* was originally published in French at the time of the release of The Incredibles and reveals many of the recurring motifs, anecdotes, and insights pertinent to Pixar and John Lasseter. Further, it provides a condensed and revealing glimpse into some of Lasseter’s perspectives on his career and computer animation by 2004. Translated by Richard Neupert....
Media in New Turkey
Authors: Yesil Bilge
Published: May 2017

Investment and expansion have made Turkish media a transnational powerhouse in the Middle East and Central Asia. Yet tensions continue to grow between media outlets and the Islamist AKP party that has governed the country for over a decade. This book unlocks the complexities surrounding and penetrating today's Turkish media. The book focuses on a convergence of global and domestic forces that range from the 1980 military coup to globalization's inroads and the recent resurgence of political Islam. The book's analysis foregrounds how these and other forces become intertwined, and it uses Turkey's media to unpack the ever-more-complex relationships. The book confronts essential questions regarding the role of the state and military in building the structures that shaped Turkey's media system; media adaptations to ever-shifting contours of political and economic power; how the far-flung economic interests of media conglomerates leave them vulnerable to state pressure; and the ways Turkey's politicized judiciary criminalizes certain speech. Drawing on local knowledge and a wealth of Turkish sources, the book provides an engrossing look at the fault lines carved by authoritarianism, tradition, neoliberal reform, and globalization within Turkey's increasingly far-reaching media.
Politics and Culture in Turkey
Authors: Yesil Bilge
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Turkey's political history, specifically the country's main pillars of statism, nationalism, and secularism. These pillars emerged in unique forms in the aftermath of the establishment of the Republic in 1923 and became subject to divergent processes of transformation during the 1980s and 1990s, and then again in the first decade of the twenty-first century. The chapter illustrates how statism, nationalism, and secularism have suffused both the Turkish public sphere and its media culture. It also provides background for the ensuing examination of Turkey's contemporary media system, especially in regard to the development of political economic alliances between media proprietors and the state.
The AKP Era
Authors: Yesil Bilge
Published: May 2017

This chapter begins with an analysis of the shifts in global and local conjunctures that facilitated the Islamist AKP's (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi or Justice and Development Party) rise to power, followed by an overview of its neoliberal and pro-EU policies during its first term. It then explores how the anti-Western and anti-globalization currents became substantial elements of media, politics, and culture in the twenty-first century. Local and international developments—such as the EU accession process, the relative easing of restrictions on Kurdish cultural rights, the US invasion of Iraq, the emergence of a revisionist discourse on the Armenian genocide, and the entry of foreign media companies into the Turkish market—began to engender fears and anxieties among the nationalists about the decline of the Turkish state. Through the lens of these developments, the chapter discusses the tensions between globalizing and statist dynamics as well as the AKP's consolidation of the authoritarian neoliberal order.
Groups Supplanted Persons
Authors: Barnhurst Kevin G.
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the decline of people news. For several decades people news was growing element in the media landscape. By the early 1970s, The New York Times was running the Notes on People column. By the 1990s a growth area for U.S. television networks was the prime-time News magazine, a genre oriented to people stories. Reality shows, always an element of American TV, grew into a dominant genre by the early twenty-first century and made supposed “real” people the center of attention. However, by the end of the twentieth century, studies noted that people were disappearing from the front page. One cause of the depopulation of front pages is that news stories are getting longer. Even if the average news report included a stable number of persons, they would populate the news more thinly as the typical story grew longer—fewer of them would appear on any page. As the new century began, more groups stood alone as the actors in news, and ordinary named individuals almost never did.
“One of the Most Horrid Misuses of a Scientific Method”
Authors: Pieper Lindsay Parks
Published: May 2017

Although the International Olympic Committee (IOC) sought to differentiate women from men, the methods employed repeatedly illustrated the difficulty in determining the exact composition of womanhood. This chapter argues that rather than showing a clear-cut biological divide, the policy highlighted a range of chromosomal varieties and DNA diversity. The IOC disregarded these well-documented variations and continued testing. Officials never discovered a man posing as a woman; however, several female athletes with biological differences were barred from competition. Eventually, protests by medical authorities and athletes in the 1980s encouraged the IOC to abandon all gender verification practices. For the 1992 Albertville Winter and Barcelona Summer Olympics, the IOC replaced the chromatin exam with PCR testing. Because many people believed that substituting one scientific method with another did not solve the practical nor ethical problems of verification, those who were opposed to laboratory testing continued to fight for the IOC to terminate the practice.
Sports Illustrated and the Melbourne Defection
Authors: Rider Toby C.
Published: May 2017

This chapter chronicles the defection of thirty-eight Eastern European athletes, coaches, writers, and sports administrators after the close of the 1956 Melbourne Olympics as well as the involvement of Sports Illustrated magazine in the affair. Though the magazine played a major role in the defection, the chapter also credits the Hungarian National Sports Federation (HNSF) and leading propaganda expert Charles Douglas Jackson with the idea of the defection and the entry of refugees into the United States, respectively; in addition, it reveals a much more nuanced picture of the defection as a whole. The tumultuous circumstances of 1956 may have dramatically exposed the poverty of the U.S. government's policy of liberation, but the defection of some of Hungary's very best sporting assets at least provided Jackson, and to some degree the administration, with a valuable propaganda sidelight.
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Transportation
Authors: Solomon William
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines poet W. C. Williams' and director Mack Sennett's respective investments in the 1920s in destructive enterprises, comically excessive violence amounting in both to a repudiation of the values that inform economic rationalism. In the former's The Great American Novel (1923) critical reflexivity and collage experimentation constitute acts of resistance to narrative signification. In the latter, the symbolic dismantling of the Model T—as exhibited in his films Lizzies of the Field (1924) and Super-Hooper-Dyne Lizzies (1925)— serves as a gesture of defiance aimed at Fordism. Both the motion pictures and the literary text indicated their ethical opposition to the priorities informing economic rationalism by integrating the Model T into decidedly destructive undertakings.
Taste of the Nation
Authors: Bégin Camille
Published: May 2017

During the Depression, the Federal Writers' Project (FWP) dispatched scribes to sample the fare at group eating events like church dinners, political barbecues, and clambakes. Its America Eats project sought nothing less than to sample, and report upon, the tremendous range of foods eaten across the United States. This book shapes a cultural and sensory history of New Deal era eating from the FWP archives. From “ravioli, the diminutive derbies of pastries, the crowns stuffed with a well-seasoned paste” to barbeque seasoning that integrated “salt, black pepper, dried red chili powder, garlic, oregano, cumin seed, and cayenne pepper” while “tomatoes, green chili peppers, onions, and olive oil ma[de] up the sauce,” the book describes in mouth-watering detail how Americans tasted their food. They did so in ways that varied, and varied widely, depending on race, ethnicity, class, and region. The book explores how likes and dislikes, cravings, and disgust operated within local sensory economies that it culls from the FWP's vivid descriptions, visual cues, culinary expectations, recipes, and accounts of restaurant meals. The book illustrates how nostalgia, prescriptive gender ideals, and racial stereotypes shaped how the FWP was able to frame regional food cultures as American.
America Eats
Authors: Bégin Camille
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on the America Eats project and delves into why and how the Federal Writers' Project (FWP) began searching for America's regional cuisines. The narrative explores how, in New Deal food writing, food became a canvas for a sensory, emotional, felt manifestation of national identity. The chapter also examines the limits of this political project as it captures editors and local workers deliberating over which and whose regional foods would be deemed worthy of integration into the American culinary narrative. The analysis takes into account the prescriptive but also unstable and inconclusive nature of America Eats as the understanding of what American food was and who American eaters were evolved over the course of the project. In looking for the taste of the nation, the FWP often stumbled upon regional ethnic tastes that defied the aims of the project.
Romance of the Homemade
Authors: Bégin Camille
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the Federal Writers' Project's (FWP) sensory nostalgia for regional food as a cathartic reaction to the standardization of taste triggered by the industrialization of the U.S. food system since the late nineteenth century. Categories of race and gender interplayed in the New Deal sensory economy both to buffer sensory change and to allow its critique. Women often took the blame for the decreased sensory quality of American food, making the 1930s a significant moment in the elaboration of conservative gender roles that dominated the war and postwar period. To counter this feminine threat, New Deal food writing held “virile” and uncorrupted tastes as the pinnacle of American cuisine, which, as the analysis of racial interaction in public cooking events shows, often meant tapping into the raw sensory power of racial others.
Posing the Indian
Authors: Coward John M.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Indian portraits, one of the earliest and most common ways that Indian faces and bodies came to the pages of the illustrated press. Stereotyping was a routine part of this representational process. Indian portraits emphasized Indian physiognomy, especially facial features that marked the subjects as Indians—dark skin, dark hair, prominent noses, and high cheekbones. These illustrations also highlighted cultural signs such as feathers, necklaces and beads, blankets, and buckskin clothing. In some cases, photographs were altered to remove non-Indians or to shift the subject from the studio to the plains. In all these ways the illustrated press portraits staged Indians for public scrutiny with little ambiguity about their racial identity. This sort of representation reinforced racial differences, placing Indians in an inferior racial category and making distinctions between civilized whites and “savage” Indians that no nineteenth-century reader was likely to miss.
Commemorating the Nation’s Heroes in Mali’s Neoliberal Democracy
Authors: Jorio Rosa De
Published: May 2017

This chapter presents an overview of some of the most relevant state initiatives in the field of cultural heritage from 1992 to 2012. The first section provides a historical background against which to locate the democratic government's work in the field of cultural heritage and public culture. The second section presents an overview of some of the heritage work carried out under Alpha Oumar Konaré's administration (1992–2002). It documents state efforts to build a democratic culture as well as to cultivate rational–critical perspectives vis-è-vis the national past. The third and last section describes heritage work under Amadou Toumani Touré (2002–12), analyzing some continuities but also noticeable shifts, particularly in his adoption of the transnational trope of reconciliation and the proliferation of public rituals of appeasement and consensus building. This section also examines the shrinking opposition's countermemory project; the rekindling of struggles around Modibo Keita's legacy; and the emergence of new ones around the legacy of Abdoul “Cabral” Karim Camara, one of heroes of the opposition to Moussa Traoré's dictatorship.
Introduction
Authors: Flammang Janet A.
Published: May 2017

This book examines the deeper layers of social and cultural relations that undergird electoral politics. Instead of focusing on voting, aligning with a political party, or joining an interest group, it considers the art of conversation and table activities based on the idea that we can develop our civil selves by sharing food and ideas at tables where there are ground rules about listening, sharing, and respect. The point it raises is that mealtime conversations and table talk are the building blocks of democracy, and that conversational skills can—and should—be learned one meal at a time. It is at tables and in conversations that we are able to make sense of the many layers of our experiences with political value. The book also looks at what it calls difficult conversations as a source of conflict, along with civic engagement and diplomacy and some important ethical, practical, and theoretical issues associated with table talk and democracy.
On Gender, Labor, and Inequality
Authors: Milkman Ruth
Published: May 2017

The author's groundbreaking research in women's labor history has contributed important perspectives on work and unionism in the United States. This book presents four decades of the author's essential writings, tracing the parallel evolutions of her ideas and the field she helped define. The book's introduction frames a career-spanning scholarly project: the interrogation of historical and contemporary intersections of class and gender inequalities in the workplace, and the efforts to challenge those inequalities. Early chapters focus on the author's pioneering work on women's labor during the Great Depression and the World War II years. The book's second half turns to the past fifty years, a period that saw a dramatic decline in gender inequality even as growing class imbalances created greater-than-ever class disparity among women. The book concludes with a previously unpublished essay comparing the impact of the Great Depression and the Great Recession on women workers.
Rosie the Riveter Revisited
Authors: Milkman Ruth
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the ways in which employers contributed to the historical formation of the sexual division of labor and to patterns of job segregation by gender. It begins with a discussion of the formation of the sexual division of labor in the automobile industry prior to World War II. It then considers the logic of Fordism and the lack of incentive to retain or hire women workers after the war, with particular emphasis on how hiring policies fostered the gender division of labor. It shows that labor unions, and more specifically the United Automobile Workers (UAW), collaborated with management in purging women from the auto industry, with the latter playing the far more powerful role owing to its preference for male workers.
Women’s History and the Sears Case
Authors: Milkman Ruth
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the dynamics of job segregation by gender as well as the social and cultural construction of boundaries between “male” and “female” work in the retail sector. More specifically, it analyzes the role of employers and their hiring policies in shaping the sexual division of paid labor by focusing on the controversy stemming from the legal battle between Sears Roebuck & Co. and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). After discussing the political context of the EEOC's class-action sex-discrimination lawsuit against Sears, the chapter considers the historical evidence presented by both parties through the expert testimonies of two historians: Rosalind Rosenberg for Sears and Alice Kessler-Harris for the EEOC. It examines how women's history and the issue of difference figured in Sears's defense, along with the EEOC's argument that Sears's policies systematically excluded women from its most highly paid sales jobs.
Union Responses to Workforce Feminization in the United States
Authors: Milkman Ruth
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how labor unions responded to workforce feminization that began in the 1970s. It first places the relationship of women to unions in historical perspective before analyzing empirical data on inter-union variations in the extent of women's representation in union membership and leadership in the late twentieth century, as well as variations in the extent and nature of attention to “women's issues” on the part of unions. It then explores the dynamics of union organizing in the 1980s, showing that workplaces with large female majorities were the most readily organized in that period—as measured by the probability of winning National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) union representation elections. It also considers the growing commitment of some unions in the 1970s and 1980s to gender equality issues and to incorporating women into positions of leadership. Finally, it discusses the innovative gender politics that has emerged in unions least constrained by the forces of deunionization or patriarchal traditions.
Two Worlds of Unionism
Authors: Milkman Ruth
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines the ways in which job segregation by gender is mirrored in the structure of organized labor, by analyzing patterns of union membership by gender, occupation, and industry in the early twenty-first century. It first looks at data on workforce feminization and segregation as well as evidence of women's view of organized labor and receptivity to unionism before comparing the composition of union membership to that of the U.S. labor force as a whole. It shows that there are two separate worlds of unionism, one male and one female, each with a distinctive culture and political orientation. Finally, it considers the fact that the labor movement is highly segmented along gender lines, along with its implications for understanding the dynamics of the relationship of women workers to unions in an era of labor movement decline.
Introduction
Authors: Llewellyn Matthew P. , Gleaves John
Published: May 2017

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to present a richly contextualized global history of the role of Olympic amateurism, from Coubertin's Olympic revival in 1894 through the presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch and the advent of open professionalism during the late 1980s and 1990s. The social origins of amateurism sprung to life not from ancient Greece, but from Victorian Britain, where an upper-middle-class desire to set themselves apart from the perceived morally corrupt working classes employed amateurism as a legitimating ideology for elitist sporting preserves. The participatory and universal growth of the Olympic Games in the ensuing decades precipitated the emergence of political and commercial forces within the Olympic arena. The encroachment of governments eager to exploit the games for propaganda rewards, as well as commercial interests seeking to peddle products stamped with Olympic insignia, sullied the avowed sanctity of Olympic amateurism.
Teaching Math to My Scholars: Inner City Middle School Students
Authors: Iyer Ranjani , Pitts Joseph
Published: May 2017

Teaching in an inner city school requires classroom management, resilience, and most importantly strategies to promote learning and growth. There is a constant need for acceleration in student growth in core subjects, especially Math. A blended learning model can be an effective option for schools to personalize learning experiences for students and cater to individual needs for effective learning. Blended learning classes produce statistically better results than their face-to-face, non-hybrid equivalents (U.S. Department of Education, 2010). The purpose of this article is to analyze student demographics as it relates to student performance in an inner city school. As a teacher, you probably need to be one of the most flexible people in the world (Featherstone et al., 1997). Educators need to use learning activities that are both fun and relevant to the students’ present body of knowledge to master and comprehend math skills. The authors discuss strategies that can be utilized to enhance and promote student performance and growth. Also, elements of educational methodology based on the author’s experience are discussed and its influences on student performance.
Pre-service Music Teachers’ Metaphorical Perceptions of the Concept of a Music Teaching Program
Authors: Cevik Kilic Deniz Beste
Published: May 2017

This study was intended to reveal pre-service music teachers’ perceptions of the concept of a “music teaching program” with the use of metaphors. Its sample included 130 pre-service music teachers in the Music Teaching Program of Fine Arts Teaching Department in Balıkesir University’s Education Faculty. The study data were collected by having the participants complete the sentences: “The music teaching program is like... because...” and “The music teaching program is similar to... because....”. The study’s qualitative data were collected using a survey form with open-ended questions. Subsequently, the data were interpreted using content analysis. The pre-service music teachers produced 30 metaphors. These metaphors were classified into six conceptual groups based on their shared aspects. The study concluded that pre-service music teachers explained the concept of a “music teaching program” using a variety of metaphors.
Łukasz Wróblewski – Aranżowanie nie-miejsc. Od ekspozycji afektu do medium zmiany
Authors: Wróblewski Łukasz
Published: May 2017

The text discusses the theory of Marc Augé’s non-places. In this article the author
focuses on the relation between non-places and identity, and answers the question of to what
extent it is possible to transform non-places to places – one of the Augé’s theses is that there
are close relations between these two categories. According to the author, this change can
be made thanks to the external media. The websites such as Facebook and YouTube, allow
a symbolic transformation of a status of non-places, their rearrangement. In the study the
author also proposes to expand Augé’s dictionary to include a category of analgetic places
and non-places of affect.
The social contagion of aspirations: On the happiness of having a 'life style'
Authors: Folmann Birgitte
Published: May 2017

Discussions of health-related behaviors and lifestyle often become theoretical and morally laden owing to their individualistic view on risk factors and life choices. This article uses the analytical concepts of contagion and configuration to explore the spread of aspirations for the good life among young men in Northern Uganda. The potential social contagion of aspirations is unfolded to provide a deeper understanding of social processes not only as dynamics between people but also as processes between people and their surroundings in a society which is subject to rapid change. This understanding will provide a sense of the meaning invested in having a ‘life style’ and the significance of choice. Inspired theoretically by the Weberian concept of life style, it is found that young people in Northern Uganda, although they may be limited in terms of their life chances, live their lives as well as possible by taking advantage of the little space for choice that the reality of their resources and class circumstances allows. Young people in particular seek to engage in and perform what could be described as aspirational consumption in the form of ‘life styles’; and even though they rarely succeed, making some progress along this path seems important and fuels their ongoing aspiration for the good life. Having a ‘life style’ means being able to choose and consume, and getting a ‘life style’ reflects an aspiration for social mobility. Taking the emic approach helps to explain how social contagion occurs and how health-related practices are formed.
Multiple short windows of calcium-dependent protein kinase 4 activity coordinate distinct cell cycle events during Plasmodium gametogenesis
Authors: Fang Hanwei , Klages Natacha , Baechler Bastien , Hillner Evelyn , Yu Lu , Pardo Mercedes , Choudhary Jyoti , Brochet Mathieu
Published: May 2017

Malaria transmission relies on the production of gametes following ingestion by a mosquito. Here, we show that Ca2+-dependent protein kinase 4 controls three processes essential to progress from a single haploid microgametocyte to the release of eight flagellated microgametes in Plasmodium berghei. A myristoylated isoform is activated by Ca2+ to initiate a first genome replication within twenty seconds of activation. This role is mediated by a protein of the SAPS-domain family involved in S-phase entry. At the same time, CDPK4 is required for the assembly of the subsequent mitotic spindle and to phosphorylate a microtubule-associated protein important for mitotic spindle formation. Finally, a non-myristoylated isoform is essential to complete cytokinesis by activating motility of the male flagellum. This role has been linked to phosphorylation of an uncharacterised flagellar protein. Altogether, this study reveals how a kinase integrates and transduces multiple signals to control key cell-cycle transitions during Plasmodium gametogenesis.
Subsurface density structure of Taurus‐Littrow Valley using Apollo 17 gravity data
Authors: Urbancic N. , Ghent R. , Johnson C. L. , Stanley S. , Hatch D. , Carroll K. A. , Garry W. B. , Talwani M.
Published: May 2017

The Traverse Gravimeter Experiment (TGE) from the Apollo 17 mission was the first and only successful gravity survey on the surface of the Moon, revealing the local gravity field at Taurus‐Littrow Valley (TLV). TLV is hypothesized to be a basalt‐filled graben, oriented radial to Serenitatis basin. We implemented modern 3‐D modeling techniques using recent high‐resolution Lunar Reconnaisance Orbiter topography and image data sets to reinvestigate the subsurface structure of TLV and constrain the volcanic and tectonic history of the region. Updated topography led to significant improvements in the accuracy of free‐air, Bouguer, and terrain corrections. To determine the underlying geometry for TLV, we tested a range of possible thicknesses, dips, and wall positions for the graben fill. We found that the thickness and position previously determined by Talwani et al. (1973) represent our preferred model for the data, but with walls with dips of 30°, rather than 90°. We found large model misfits due to unmodeled 3‐D structure and density anomalies, as well as parameter trade‐offs. We performed a sensitivity analysis to quantify the parameter trade‐offs in an ideal future survey, assuming dominantly 2‐D geological structure. At the TGE survey noise level (2.5 mGal), the fill thickness was constrained to ±150 m, the wall angle to
and the wall positions to ±1 km of the preferred model. This information can be used to inform the design of future lunar gravimetry experiments in regions similar to TLV.
Adaptive harmonic steady‐state control for rejection of sinusoidal disturbances acting on a completely unknown system
Authors: Kamaldar Mohammadreza , Hoagg Jesse B.
Published: May 2017

This paper presents an adaptive harmonic steady‐state (AHSS) controller that addresses the problem of rejecting sinusoids with known frequencies that act on a completely unknown asymptotically stable linear time‐invariant system. We analyze the stability and closed‐loop performance of AHSS for multi‐input multi‐output systems that are square (ie, the number of controls equals the number of performance measurements). In this case, we show that AHSS asymptotically rejects disturbances, that is, the performance measurement tends to 0. We also present a numerical study of the steady‐state and transient performance of AHSS for square and nonsquare systems.
Adaptive fault tolerant control for a class of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with both sensor and actuator faults
Authors: Jin Xu
Published: May 2017

Compared with the fault diagnosis, detection, and isolation literature, very few results are available to discuss control algorithms directly for multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with both sensor and actuator faults in the fault tolerant control literature. In this work, we present a fault tolerant control algorithm to address the system output stabilization problem for a class of multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear systems with both parametric and nonparametric uncertainties, subject to sensor and actuator faults that can be both multiplicative and additive. All elements of the sensor measurements and actuator components can be faulty. Besides, the control input gain function is not fully known. Backstepping method is used in the analysis and control design. We show that under the proposed control scheme, uniformly ultimate boundedness of the system output is guaranteed, while all closed‐loop system signals stay bounded. In the cases where the sensor faults are only multiplicative, exponential convergence of the system state variables into small neighbourhoods around zero is guaranteed. An illustrative example on a robot manipulator model is presented in the end to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A recursive technique for tracking the feasible parameter set in bounded error estimation
Authors: Casini Marco , Garulli Andrea , Vicino Antonio
Published: May 2017

In this paper, a new recursive algorithm is proposed for tracking parameter changes of a time‐varying linear system. Since a bounded error approach is adopted for both modeling the measurement noise and the parameter change process, the problem addressed amounts to the design of a procedure for updating an estimate of the feasible parameter set. The approximating regions considered are in the form of outbounding orthotopes. The novelty of the approach lies in the use of a selection technique which keeps track only of a special subset of the constraints defining the feasible set. These inequalities represent the binding constraints of suitable linear programs of limited size. The devised algorithm is tested on several numerical examples, showing remarkable performance both in computational burden, which is comparable to that of classical recursive estimation algorithms like recursive least squares (RLS) and quality of the set estimate as compared to alternative techniques available in the literature.
Hard–Soft Composite Carbon as a Long‐Cycling and High‐Rate Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jian Zelang , Hwang Sooyeon , Li Zhifei , Hernandez Alexandre S. , Wang Xingfeng , Xing Zhenyu , Su Dong , Ji Xiulei
Published: May 2017

There exist tremendous needs for sustainable storage solutions for intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy. Thus, systems based on Earth‐abundant elements deserve much attention. Potassium‐ion batteries represent a promising candidate because of the abundance of potassium resources. As for the choices of anodes, graphite exhibits encouraging potassium‐ion storage properties; however, it suffers limited rate capability and poor cycling stability. Here, nongraphitic carbons as K‐ion anodes with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the binder are systematically investigated. Compared to hard carbon and soft carbon, a hard–soft composite carbon with 20 wt% soft carbon distributed in the matrix phase of hard carbon microspheres exhibits highly amenable performance: high capacity, high rate capability, and very stable long‐term cycling. In contrast, pure hard carbon suffers limited rate capability, while the capacity of pure soft carbon fades more rapidly.
Nanostructures to Engineer 3D Neural‐Interfaces: Directing Axonal Navigation toward Successful Bridging of Spinal Segments
Authors: Aurand Emily R. , Usmani Sadaf , Medelin Manuela , Scaini Denis , Bosi Susanna , Rosselli Federica B. , Donato Sandro , Tromba Giuliana , Prato Maurizio , Ballerini Laura
Published: May 2017

Neural interfaces are the core of prosthetic devices, such as implantable stimulating electrodes or brain–machine interfaces, and are increasingly designed for assisting rehabilitation and for promoting neural plasticity. Thus, beyond the classical neuroprosthetic concept of stimulating and/or recording devices, modern technology is pursuing toward ideal bio/electrode interfaces with improved adaptability to the brain tissue. Advances in material research are crucial in these efforts and new developments are drawing from engineering and neural interface technologies. Here, a microporous, self‐standing, 3D interface made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) implemented at the interfacing surfaces with novel conductive nanotopographies (carbon nanotubes) is exploited. The scaffold porosity is characterized by 3D X‐ray microtomography. These structures are used to interface axons regenerated from cultured spinal explants and it is shown that engineering PDMS 3D interfaces with carbon nanotubes effectively changes the efficacy of regenerating fibers to target and reconnect segregated explant pairs. An improved electrophysiological performance is shown when the spinal tissue is interfaced to PDMS enriched by carbon nanotubes that may favor the use of our substrates as regenerative interfaces. The materials are implanted in the rat brain and a limited tissue reaction surrounding the implants at 2, 4, and 8 weeks from surgery is reported.
Light‐Responsive Hierarchically Structured Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks for Harnessing Cell Adhesion and Migration
Authors: Koçer Gülistan , ter Schiphorst Jeroen , Hendrikx Matthew , Kassa Hailu G. , Leclère Philippe , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Jonkheijm Pascal
Published: May 2017

Extracellular microenvironment is highly dynamic where spatiotemporal regulation of cell‐instructive cues such as matrix topography tightly regulates cellular behavior. Recapitulating dynamic changes in stimuli‐responsive materials has become an important strategy in regenerative medicine to generate biomaterials which closely mimic the natural microenvironment. Here, light responsive liquid crystal polymer networks are used for their adaptive and programmable nature to form hybrid surfaces presenting micrometer scale topographical cues and changes in nanoscale roughness at the same time to direct cell migration. This study shows that the cell speed and migration patterns are strongly dependent on the height of the (light‐responsive) micrometer scale topographies and differences in surface nanoroughness. Furthermore, switching cell migration patterns upon in situ temporal changes in surface nanoroughness, points out the ability to dynamically control cell behavior on these surfaces. Finally, the possibility is shown to form photoswitchable topographies, appealing for future studies where topographies can be rendered reversible on demand.
Outcome of elderly patients after failure to hypomethylating agents given as frontline therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: Single institution experience*
Authors: Nanah Rama , McCullough Kristen , Hogan William , Begna Kebede , Patnaik Mrinal , Elliott Michelle , Litzow Mark , Al‐Kali Aref
Published: May 2017

Outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in elderly patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy is challenging. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) can be effective in these patients but responses are usually short‐lived. The majority of patients will either have stable disease or progress through therapy. We hereby describe the outcome of these patients at our institution after they fail HMAs. The data on 56 AML patients at Mayo Clinic, Rochester were reviewed. Patients were considered for our study if they received HMA as frontline therapy for their AML. Out of 56 patients, 15 (27%) patients received azacitidine (AZA) and 41 (73%) received decitabine. Complete remission was found in 10 (18%), with overall response of 28% and median response duration of 10 months. Thirteen (81%) out of 16 responders relapsed. Therefore 53 patients were included in the primary or secondary failure analysis with a median overall survival (OS) of 2 months after the date of failure. Out of 53 patients, 12 (23%) received subsequent treatments. None of the 12 patients who got first salvage therapy achieved remission. Five out of the 12 patients received second salvage therapy, 2 (40%) of which achieved CR. Median OS for patients who received subsequent salvage therapies was better than those who did not receive any subsequent therapy after failing HMA (9.5 vs. 2 months, P = .0009). Outcome for patients who have primary or secondary failure is very poor. Our study provides important historical data for future novel therapies, which are sorely needed for these patients.