bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative removal of hazardous cationic dyes by MOF-5 and modified graphene oxide
Authors: Mohammadi Ali Akbar , Moghanlo Soheila , Kazemi Malihe Samadi , Nazari Shahram , Ghadiri Seid Kamal , Saleh Hossein Najafi , Sillanpää Mika
Published: September 2022

Among cationic dyes, malachite green (MG) is commonly used for dying purposes and also as an inhibitor in aquaculture, food, health, and chemical industries due to its cytotoxic effects. Therefore, MG removal is essential to keep the ecosystem and human health safety. Adsorption is a viable and versatile option and exploring efficient adsorbents have high priority. Herein, MOF-5 and aminated corn Stover reduced graphene oxide (ACS-RGO) of typical adsorbents of metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs) and carbon-based classes were studied for MG removal. MOF-5 and ACS-RGO had a specific surface area and total pore volume of 507.4 and 389.0 m2/g, and 0.271 cm3/g and 0.273 cm3/g, respectively. ACS-RGO was superior for MG adsorption and the kinetic rate coefficient for ACS-RGO was ~ 7.2 times compared to MOF-5. For ACS-RGO, MG removal remained high (> 94%) in a wide range of pH. However, dye removal was pH-dependent for MOF-5 and increased from ~ 32% to ~ 67% by increasing pH from 4 to 12. Increasing dye concentration from 25 mg/L to 100 mg/L decreased adsorption by MOF-5 and ACS-RGO for ~ 30% and 7%, respectively. Dye removal was evident in a few tens of seconds after adding ACS-RGO at doses above 0.5 g/L. A significant loss of 46% in adsorption was observed by decreasing MOF-5 mass from 1 to 0.1 g/L. ACS-RGO removed MG in multilayer with an exceptional adsorption capacity of 1088.27 mg/g. In conclusion, ACS-RGO, and MOF-5 showed promising kinetic rates and adsorption capacities toward MG.
The effect of time regime in noise exposure on the auditory system and behavioural stress in the zebrafish
Authors: Wong Man Ieng , Lau Ieng Hou , Gordillo-Martinez Flora , Vasconcelos Raquel O.
Published: September 2022

Anthropogenic noise of variable temporal patterns is increasing in aquatic environments, causing physiological stress and sensory impairment. However, scarce information exists on exposure effects to continuous versus intermittent disturbances, which is critical for noise sustainable management. We tested the effects of different noise regimes on the auditory system and behaviour in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were exposed for 24 h to either white noise (150 ± 10 dB re 1 μPa) or silent control. Acoustic playbacks varied in temporal patterns—continuous, fast and slow regular intermittent, and irregular intermittent. Auditory sensitivity was assessed with Auditory Evoked Potential recordings, revealing hearing loss and increased response latency in all noise-treated groups. The highest mean threshold shifts (c. 13 dB) were registered in continuous and fast intermittent treatments, and no differences were found between regular and irregular regimes. Inner ear saccule did not reveal significant hair cell loss but showed a decrease in presynaptic Ribeye b protein especially after continuous exposure. Behavioural assessment using the standardized Novel Tank Diving assay showed that all noise-treated fish spent > 98% time in the bottom within the first minute compared to 82% in control, indicating noise-induced anxiety/stress. We provide first data on how different noise time regimes impact a reference fish model, suggesting that overall acoustic energy is more important than regularity when predicting noise effects.
Simple diagnosis of cancer by detecting CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in saliva using electronic sensors
Authors: Joshi Sowmya , Kallappa Shashidhar , Kumar Pranjal , Shukla Sudhanshu , Ghosh Ruma
Published: September 2022

One way of early diagnosis of cancer is by detecting the biomarkers that get introduced into easily accessible body fluids. We report the development of portable and rapid electronic biosensors for quantitative detection of two secretive cancer biomarkers–Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1). The reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/ melamine (MEL)/antibodies/ bovine serum albumin (BSA) based devices were tested for 1 pg/mL to 800 ng/mL of CEA and CYFRA 21-1. The responses of the sensors ranged from 7.14 to 59.1% and from 6.18 to 64% for 1 pg/mL to 800 ng/mL CEA and CYFRA 21-1 respectively. A read-out circuit was assembled to develop a portable prototype which was used to assess the concentrations of the two antigens present in saliva samples of 14 subjects. The prototype could accurately discriminate between 9 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and 5 healthy controls.
Reduction of the occlusion effect induced by earplugs using quasi perfect broadband absorption
Authors: Carillo Kévin , Sgard Franck , Dazel Olivier , Doutres Olivier
Published: September 2022

Passive earplugs are used to prevent workers from noise-induced hearing loss. However, earplugs often induce an acoustic discomfort known as the occlusion effect. This phenomenon corresponds to an increased auditory perception of the bone-conducted part of physiological noises at low-frequency and is associated with the augmentation of the acoustic pressure in the occluded earcanal. In this work, we report a new concept of passive earplugs for mitigating the occlusion effect between 100 Hz and 1 kHz. The strategy consists in reducing the input impedance of the earplug seen from the earcanal by using quasi-perfect broadband absorbers derived from the field of meta-materials. The proposed “meta-earplug” is made of 4 critically coupled Helmholtz resonators arranged in parallel. Their geometry is optimized using an evolutionary algorithm associated with a theoretical model of the meta-earplug input impedance. The latter is validated against a finite-element approach and impedance sensor measurements. The meta-earplug is manufactured by 3D printing. Artificial test fixtures are used to assess the occlusion effect and the insertion loss. Results show that the meta-earplug induces an occlusion effect approximately 10 dB lower than foam and silicone earplugs while it provides an insertion loss similar to the silicone earplug up to 5 kHz.
Association of late-life body mass index with the risk of Alzheimer disease: a 10-year nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Cho Su Hwan , Jang Minseol , Ju Hyorim , Kang Min Ju , Yun Jae Moon , Yun Jae Won
Published: September 2022

Existing data for the association between late-life body mass index (BMI) and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the underweight population are limited with conflicting results. A large population-based cohort study of 148,534 individuals aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the national health screening program from 2002 to 2005 was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort database 2006–2015. The risk of AD according to BMI category (kg/m2) in Asians was evaluated using a multivariable Cox regression model, after adjustments for age, sex, lifestyle, low-income status, and comorbidities. To evaluate the association between BMI and AD risk, the underweight population was further subdivided according to the degree of thinness. During the 10-year follow-up period, 22,279 individuals developed AD. Relative to the normal-weight population, the estimated adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident AD in the underweight, overweight, and obese populations was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.24), 0.90 (0.87–0.93), and 0.83 (0.80–0.85), respectively. In the underweight population, AD risk increased as the degree of thinness increased (p for the trend, < .001). Late-life BMI showed a significant inverse relationship with AD risk, especially in the underweight population. Public health strategies to screen for AD more actively in the underweight population and improve their weight status may help reduce the burden of AD.
Comparison of educational performance between the only children and children in two-child families
Authors: Lao Yehui , Lin Suxu
Published: September 2022

This paper estimates the causal effect of only-child status on educational performance among junior high school students from only-child and two-child families in China. It uses the dataset of the China Education Panel Survey 2013–14. The results show that the only children's educational outcomes are significantly low than students from two-child families. Only children's willpower and extraversion are weaker than children's from two-child families. The scale economies effect is strong and the resource dilution effect is weak when sibling size is small.
Effect assessment for the interaction between shaking table and eccentric load
Authors: Wang Juke , Liu Aiwen , Li Xiaojun , Zhou Zhenghua , Chen Su , Ji Jinbao
Published: September 2022

Electro-hydraulic shaking table is an essential experimental apparatus to evaluate structural performance under actual vibration condition. The control-structure interaction (CSI) between shaking table and eccentric load has lately received considerable attention for causing the accuracy degradation of shaking table test. At present, the research gap of the influence of the eccentricity of load on the CSI makes it challenging to find the CSI effects. And an effect assessment is yet to be proposed to evaluate the CSI effects, which has impeded the development of test technology. To overcome those theoretical bottlenecks, in this research, an analytical transfer function matrix of shaking table and eccentric load is established to analyze the CSI effects. The analysis is conducted under such conditions as different mass ratio (MR), moment of inertia ratio (IR), and eccentric distance ratio (ER) conditions. Through the analysis, the role of the ER is identified, the sensitivities of the MR, IR, and ER to the transfer function matrix are revealed, and the CSI effects are found. Furthermore, a novelty effect assessment is proposed to appraise whether the CSI effects can be ignored in shaking table test. And the visualization expression of the effect assessment is obtained for convenient application.
Three-dimensional control of alluvial fans by rock uplift in an extensional regime: Aydın Range, Aegean extensional province
Authors: Özpolat Emrah , Yıldırım Cengiz , Görüm Tolga , Gosse John C. , Şahiner Eren , Sarıkaya M. Akif , Owen Lewis A.
Published: September 2022

Tectonics imparts a first-order control on the overall morphology of alluvial fan systems in extensional settings by influencing sediment flux and accommodation space, while other factors such as climate, catchment lithology, and fault footwall characteristics are secondary. Previous alluvial fan modeling studies have focused on the link between the three-dimensional development of alluvial fans and rock uplift, however, despite the potential influence of tectonics on the overall three-dimensional morphology of alluvial fans, the controlling mechanisms, as well as their relative importance, remain largely unquantified in a natural setting with a targeted source-to-sink approach. Here, we examine 45 alluvial fans and their catchments along the southern mountain front of the Aydın Range, delimited by segmented normal faults in the western Anatolia Extensional Province, to quantify the role of rock uplift. We quantify river incision rates and catchment-wide erosion rates together with a series of topographic analyses across the southern flank of the Aydın Range as a proxy for rock uplift. Our results indicate that the spatial distribution of thicker and steeper alluvial fans fit well with higher rock uplift rates along the strike of the mountain front. In contrast, a lower uplift rate is responsible for prograding alluvial fans with decreasing thickness and gradients. Also, our data shows that alluvial fan thickness compared to other alluvial fan metrics strongly associated with the pattern of the rock uplift. This study demonstrates a field-based, quantitative linkage between three-dimensional alluvial fan morphology and rock uplift which has significant implications for improving alluvial fan models and understanding how alluvial fans respond to tectonics in extensional regions.
Independent phenotypic plasticity axes define distinct obesity sub-types
Authors: Yang Chih-Hsiang , Fagnocchi Luca , Apostle Stefanos , Wegert Vanessa , Casaní-Galdón Salvador , Landgraf Kathrin , Panzeri Ilaria , Dror Erez , Heyne Steffen , Wörpel Till , Chandler Darrell P. , Lu Di , Yang Tao , Gibbons Elizabeth , Guerreiro Rita , Bras Jose , Thomasen Martin , Grunnet Louise G. , Vaag Allan A. , Gillberg Linn , Grundberg Elin , Conesa Ana , Körner Antje ,   PERMUTE, Triche Timothy , Lempradl Adelheid , DeBruine Zachary J. , Wolfrum Emily , Madaj Zachary , Gruber Tim , Grimaldi Brooke , Parham Andrea , McDonald Mitchell J. , Nadeau Joseph H. , Polyak Ildiko , Khoo Carmen , Lary Christine , Gluckman Peter D. , Karnani Neerja , Carey David , Loos Ruth J. F. , Seifert Gabriel , Pospisilik J. Andrew
Published: September 2022

Studies in genetically ‘identical’ individuals indicate that as much as 50% of complex trait variation cannot be traced to genetics or to the environment. The mechanisms that generate this ‘unexplained’ phenotypic variation (UPV) remain largely unknown. Here, we identify neuronatin (NNAT) as a conserved factor that buffers against UPV. We find that Nnat deficiency in isogenic mice triggers the emergence of a bi-stable polyphenism, where littermates emerge into adulthood either ‘normal’ or ‘overgrown’. Mechanistically, this is mediated by an insulin-dependent overgrowth that arises from histone deacetylase (HDAC)-dependent β-cell hyperproliferation. A multi-dimensional analysis of monozygotic twin discordance reveals the existence of two patterns of human UPV, one of which (Type B) phenocopies the NNAT-buffered polyphenism identified in mice. Specifically, Type-B monozygotic co-twins exhibit coordinated increases in fat and lean mass across the body; decreased NNAT expression; increased HDAC-responsive gene signatures; and clinical outcomes linked to insulinemia. Critically, the Type-B UPV signature stratifies both childhood and adult cohorts into four metabolic states, including two phenotypically and molecularly distinct types of obesity.
Age-dependent sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors
Authors: Zhernakova Daria V. , Sinha Trishla , Andreu-Sánchez Sergio , Prins Jelmer R. , Kurilshikov Alexander , Balder Jan-Willem , Sanna Serena ,   Lifelines Cohort Study, Franke Lude , Kuivenhoven Jan A. , Zhernakova Alexandra , Fu Jingyuan
Published: September 2022

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are a major cause of mortality worldwide, yet men and women present remarkable differences in disease prognosis, onset and manifestation. Here we characterize how sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors vary with age by examining 45 phenotypes and 6 lifestyle factors in 146,021 participants of the Dutch population cohort Lifelines. We show that sex differences are present in 71% of the studied phenotypes. For 31% of these phenotypes, the phenotypic difference between sexes is dependent on age. CMD risk factors show various patterns of age-related sex differences, ranging from no difference for phenotypes such as body mass index (BMI) to strong age-modified sex differences for lipid levels. We also identify lifestyle factors that influence phenotypes in a sex- and age-dependent manner. These results highlight the importance of taking age into account when studying sex differences in CMDs.
Static and photoresponsive dynamic materials to dissect physical regulation of cellular functions
Authors: Nakanishi Jun , Yamamoto Shota
Published: September 2022

Matrix physical properties determine cellular fates and activities. This can be studied by sophisticated static and photoresponsive dynamic biomaterials.
Remote monitoring of volatiles by ion mobility spectrometry with wireless data transmission and centralized data analysis
Authors: Ou Hsuan-Ting , Buchowiecki Krzysztof , Urban Pawel L.
Published: September 2022

We have developed an analytical system incorporating data acquisition by an ion-mobility spectrometer, data transmission, centralized data analysis, and visualization in real time.
Oxidative sorption of arsenite from water by iron: a mechanistic perspective
Authors: Nidheesh Puthiya Veetil , Divyapriya Govindaraj , Cerkez Elizabeth B. , Gopinath Ashitha , Banerji Tuhin , Strongin Daniel R.
Published: September 2022

Removal of arsenite by oxidation and sorption via various iron particles (ZVI, bimetallic particles, iron (oxyhydr)oxides, bi- and tri-metal oxides, structural Fe(ii) hydroxides and ferrate), and their respective removal methodologies are discussed.
Effect of milk protein hydrolysate supplementation on protein energy malnutrition-induced gut dysbiosis
Authors: Prakash Pavan Kumar , Lakshmi A Jyothi
Published: September 2022

PEM increased Proteobacteria, decreased probiotic bacteria. Replenishment with WPH decreased pathogenesis, increased L. johnsonii and L. reuteri sp. Milk hydrolysates acted as immunonutrients and regulated the gut microbiota in a differential manner.
Serum metabolomics analysis reveals amelioration effects of sea cucumber ether phospholipids on oxidative stress and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice
Authors: Wang Xincen , Lan Haohui , Sun Tong , Cong Peixu , Xue Changhu , Xu Jie
Published: September 2022

Untargeted metabolomics and biochemical analysis revealed that eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched sea cucumber ether-phospholipids attenuate oxidative stress, and inflammation by restoration of fatty acid, BCAA and TCA metabolism.
Pre-diagnosis fiber : carbohydrate intake ratio and mortality of ovarian cancer: results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Fang-Hua , Du Zong-Da , Li Xin-Yu , Wei Yi-Fan , Wen Zhao-Yan , Yan Shi , Sun Ming-Li , Qin Xue , Gao Song , Gong Ting-Ting , Wu Qi-Jun
Published: September 2022

The association between the ratio of fiber to carbohydrate (F : C-R) and cancer mortality is not currently well-known.
Dietary Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower long-term fracture-related hospitalization risk: the Perth longitudinal study of ageing women
Authors: Sim Marc , Strydom Andre , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Bondonno Nicola P. , McCormick Rachel , Lim Wai H. , Zhu Kun , Byrnes Elizabeth , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Lewis Joshua R. , Prince Richard L.
Published: September 2022

In multivariable-adjusted models including plasma Vitamin D, higher dietary Vitamin K1 (∼≥100 μg d−1) was associated with lower risk for any fracture (A) and hip fracture-related hospitalizations (B) over 14.5 years in community-dwelling older women.
Tetraarylethene fluorescent dyes with aggregation-induced emission for LED-driven photocuring and 3D printing
Authors: Li Dongxiao , Liu Yimei , Bao Binghui , Du Yao , You Jian , Zhang Luhang , Zhan Haitao , Li Mingyang , Wang Tao
Published: September 2022

Four synthesized AIE dyes with photosensitivity can be used in solid fluorescent samples and fluorescent probes during photocuring.
A strategy for anode modification for future zinc-based battery application
Authors: Zhou Li-Feng , Du Tao , Li Jia-Yang , Wang Yi-Song , Gong He , Yang Qiu-Ran , Chen Hong , Luo Wen-Bin , Wang Jia-Zhao
Published: September 2022

A critical review of zinc anodes and Zn metal-free anodes for future zinc-based battery application.
Hierarchically supramolecular polymerization of anthraquinone dye to chiral aggregatesvia2D-monolayered nanosheets: the unanticipated role of pathway complexity
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Wang Houchen , Li Enhui , Li Xueru , Shi Tiesheng
Published: September 2022

Dye 1 underwent supramolecular polymerization to thermodynamically chiral aggregatesvia2D monolayered nanosheets that formed in a kinetically controlled state. Such pathway complexity in supramolecular polymerizations was found for the first time.
Interplay of structural fluctuations and charge carrier dynamics is key for high performance of hybrid lead halide perovskites
Authors: Zhan Juan , Yang Jack , Xie Xiaoyin , Prezhdo Oleg V. , Li Wei
Published: September 2022

Interplay of organic cation rotation and inorganic lattice fluctuation maintains the high performance of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites.
A new type of heterogeneous catalysis strategy for organic reactions: Ugi-3CR catalyzed by highly stable MOFs with exposed carboxyl groups
Authors: Liu Jinni , Li Yongshuang , Liu Na , Huang Nianyu , Wang Long , Li Dongsheng
Published: September 2022

A mild and highly efficient Ugi-3CR using a novel Cu-COOH@MOF-6 as the catalyst has been developed, which provides facile access to α-amino amides. The recycling test and XRD images showed that the catalytic system has good stability and recyclability.
Palladium-catalyzed regiodivergent arylamination/aryloxygenation of allenamide
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Hui , Sun Zehua , Li Xinjin , Sun Fenggang , Liu Qing , Zhang Lizhi , Xu Liping , Liu Hui
Published: September 2022

In regiodivergent arylamination/aryloxygenation of allenamides, use of Cy2NMe caused 2,1-arylamination and the corresponding alkenes were formed with excellent Z configuration. Whereas, utilizing Ag2CO3 caused 2,3-aryloxygenation via an unexpected CO2 insertion from Ag2CO3.
Cobalt-catalyzed highly selective hydroxylation of organohydrosilanes and hydrosiloxanes
Authors: Guo Peng , Cheng Ling-Chao , He Xinglei , Ye Ke-Yin
Published: September 2022

The highly selective and scalable dehydrogenative hydroxylation of hydrosilanes, featuring a low loading of the Earth-abundant cobalt catalyst, water as the green oxidant, and good generality for various hydrosilanes, is reported.
Efficient and practical synthesis of monoalkyl oxalates under green conditions
Authors: Barsukova Tatiana , Sato Takeyuki , Takumi Haruki , Niwayama Satomi
Published: September 2022

Simple and environmentally-friendly methods have been developed for the synthesis of monoalkyl oxalates without requiring toxic or expensive reagents.
Innovative spectrofluorimetric determination of vildagliptin based on a “switch off/on” NS-doped carbon dot nanosensor
Authors: Elshenawy Eman A. , El-Malla Samah F. , Hammad Sherin F. , Mansour Fotouh R.
Published: September 2022

Microwave synthesis of a switchable sensor as a label-free recognition system for VLD determination. The sensor was applied for VLD determination in dosage form and human urine.
Recent advancement in heterogeneous CO2 reduction processes in aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Mandal Shuvojit , Ghosh Dibyendu , Kumar Praveen
Published: September 2022

This review provides an in-depth general overview on various types of heterogeneous CO2 reduction in aqueous phase with a detailed discussion on EC, PEC and PV-EC/PEC processes including a thorough coverage on the futuristic MEA system.
Thermally conductive polymer-based composites: fundamentals, progress and flame retardancy/anti-electromagnetic interference design
Authors: Li You , Qian Yongxin , Jiang Qinghui , Haruna Abubakar Yakubu , Luo Yubo , Yang Junyou
Published: September 2022

Heat conduction, electromagnetic compatibility, flame retardancy mechanism, ways to enhance thermal conductivity and multifunctional design including heat conduction, flame retardancy and electromagnetic compatibility for polymer-based composites.
Auditory Discrimination Elicited by Nonspeech and Speech Stimuli in Children With Congenital Hearing Loss
Authors: Yang Ying , Li Qiong , Xiao Yanan , Liu Yulu , Sun Kangning , Li Bo , Zheng Qingyin
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Congenital deafness not only delays auditory development but also hampers the ability to perceive nonspeech and speech signals. This study aimed to use auditory event-related potentials to explore the mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, negative wave (Nc), and late discriminative negativity (LDN) components in children with and without hearing loss.

Method:

Nineteen children with normal hearing (CNH) and 17 children with hearing loss (CHL) participated in this study. Two sets of pure tones (1 kHz vs. 1.1 kHz) and lexical tones (/ba2/ vs. /ba4/) were used to examine the auditory discrimination process.

Results:

MMN could be elicited by the pure tone and the lexical tone in both groups. The MMN latency elicited by nonspeech and speech was later in CHL than in CNH. Additionally, the MMN latency induced by speech occurred later in the left than in the right hemisphere in CNH, and the MMN amplitude elicited by speech in CHL produced a discriminative deficiency compared with that in CNH. Although the P3a latency and amplitude elicited by nonspeech in CHL and CNH were not significantly different, the Nc amplitude elicited by speech performed much lower in CHL than in CNH. Furthermore, the LDN latency elicited by nonspeech was later in CHL than in CNH, and the LDN amplitude induced by speech showed higher dominance in the right hemisphere in both CNH and CHL.

Conclusion:

By incorporating nonspeech and speech auditory conditions, we propose using MMN, Nc, and LDN as potential indices to investigate auditory perception, memory, and discrimination.
The Influence of Communication Sample Length on Reliability and Convergent Validity of Vocal Measures Derived From the Communication Complexity Scale
Authors: McDaniel Jena , Brady Nancy C.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

This study examines the effects of communication sample length on the reliability and convergent validity of six vocal measures for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with minimal verbal skills. The results are expected to inform recommendations for the length of communication samples for clinical and research purposes.

Method:

Participants included 31 children with ASD (24 boys and seven girls;
M
age
= 6;7 [years;months],
SD
= 17 months) with minimal verbal skills. We coded six vocal measures that focus on vocalizations and early word productions from the Communication Complexity Scale (CCS) scripted administration protocol. To evaluate reliability of different sample lengths, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients between the full CCS sample and 1-, 3-, 7-, 10-, and 20-min samples. To examine convergent validity, we calculated correlations between the six vocal measures for each sample length.

Results:

When coded from 10-min samples from the beginning of the CCS, all of the vocal measures exhibit adequate reliability with the full CCS sample. Some vocal measures exhibit adequate reliability with samples as short as 3 min. For convergent validity, all of the correlations between the vocal measures exceed .40 and are statistically significant for the 10-min samples except for some of the correlations with the proportion of communicative vocalizations. Similar results were found for other sample lengths.

Conclusion:

Findings support coding 10-min segments from the CCS scripted administration protocol to evaluate the vocal development skills of children with ASD with minimal verbal skills.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20999938
Quantum simulation and computing with arrays of single Rydberg atoms
Authors: Lahaye Thierry , Barredo Daniel
Published: September 2022

Over the last years, a new platform for quantum technologies has emerged. It is based on arrays of single atoms arranged with almost arbitrary geometries, and made to interact by exciting them to Rydberg states. Compared with other platforms, such as trapped ions or superconducting qubits, atom arrays are quite competitive for applications such as quantum simulation of magnetism. We describe the experimental methods used in this field, and illustrate recent applications.
Mutations somatiques et longévité
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: September 2022

New approaches allow precise measurement of somatic mutations in tissues. Applied to a diverse set of mammals, these methods show that somatic mutation load increases with age (as expected) but reaches similar levels near the end of life for animals with extremely different longevity. This is an important result that has many repercussions on concepts of aging and of evolution of longevity.
Le jumeau numérique en santé
Authors: Bertezene Sandra
Published: September 2022

Un jumeau numérique est une représentation virtuelle d’un système, tel qu’un organe ou un processus de soins. L’articulation des jumeaux numériques à des simulations réalisées dans le monde réel semble une piste prometteuse afin que les professionnels deviennent des praticiens rationnels et pragmatiques, capables à la fois de gérer des risques et d’appréhender l’incertitude. Cet article montre comment, au sein d’un hôpital, les décideurs peuvent mobiliser cette technologie pour améliorer la qualité des soins, en particulier dans un contexte de crise sanitaire.
La stimulation magnétique répétée pour le traitement des traumas spinaux
Authors: Michel-Flutot Pauline , Vinit Stéphane
Published: September 2022

Les traumas spinaux induisent des déficits moteurs et sensoriels. La mise au point de thérapies visant à rétablir les fonctions altérées à la suite d’une lésion de la moelle épinière est donc nécessaire. La stimulation magnétique répétée (SMr) est une thérapie innovante et non invasive utilisée pour moduler l’activité de réseaux neuronaux dans diverses maladies neurologiques, telles que la maladie de Parkinson, ou psychiatriques, telles que le trouble bipolaire. Son utilisation chez les personnes atteintes de traumas spinaux pourrait avoir des effets fonctionnels bénéfiques. Des études réalisées in vitro, in vivo et ex vivo ont permis de comprendre en partie les mécanismes sous-jacents à la modulation de l’activité neuronale induite par les protocoles de SMr. Son utilisation dans des modèles précliniques de lésion médullaire a de plus montré des effets bénéfiques fonctionnels. Ainsi, la SMr pourrait potentialiser la récupération des fonctions perdues après un trauma spinal.
Lebensqualität und Outcome nach Holmiumlaserenukleation der Prostata (HoLEP)
Authors: Kanne Martin , Beutel Holger , Krediet Jorien , Kössler Robert , Kittner Beatrice , Schmuck Nils , Spreu Thomas , Friedersdorff Frank , Maxeiner Andreas
Published: September 2022

Hintergrund Die Holmium-Laser-Enukleation der Prostata(HoLEP)
wurde vor gut 20 Jahren als wirksame Alternative zur transurethralen Resektion der
Prostata(TURP) eingeführt mit vorteilhafterem Nebenwirkungsprofil. Die HoLEP kann unabhängig
von der Prostatagröße angewendet werden und wird seitens urologischen Leitlinien für die
chirurgische Behandlung der benignen Prostata Hyperplasie (BPH) empfohlen. Dennoch äußern
Patienten gegenüber transurethralen Desobstruktionen oft Misstrauen und Ängste in Bezug auf
Schmerzen und potentielle Komplikationen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, auf Basis von
„Patient-reported Outcome Measures“ (PROMs) mittels Fragebögen, die Zufriedenheit anhand der
Empfindungen der Patienten zu evaluieren.

Material und Methoden In der Zeit von Juni bis
einschließlich Dezember 2020 wurden 152 Patienten mittels HoLEP aufgrund einer subvesikalen
Obstruktion operiert und mittels Fragebögen unmittelbar postoperativ und 3 Monate später
bezüglich Ihrer Behandlungs-Zufriedenheit und ihrer Miktionsfunktion und Kontinenz befragt. Es
wurden 112 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen. Das 3 Monats-Follow-up konnte für 88 dieser
Patienten in die retrospektive Analyse aufgenommen werden.

Ergebnisse Es wurden
durchschnittlich 62,1 [g] Adenomgewebe enukleiert bei einem durchschnittlichen präoperativ
transrekalem Ultraschall(TRUS)-Volumen von 83,1 [cm3]. In 45,4% der Patienten lag bereits
präoperativ ein transurethraler Dauerkatheter ein. Es zeigte sich eine Gesamtzufriedenheit mit
der OP und dem Aufenthalt in der Klinik postoperativ bei 94,6% und nach drei Monaten bei
91,8%. Der Anteil der mit der Miktion zufriedenen Patienten betrug postoperativ 76,5% und
steigerte sich auf 80,4% nach 3 Monaten. Der Anteil der Patienten, die Kontinenzbeschwerden
angaben, lag initial bei 8,3% dann 3 Monate später bei 9,1%. Bei der Frage nach dem
Lebensqualitätsindex [L] verbesserten sich die positiven Antworten von 62,1% postoperativ auf
85,7% nach 3 Monaten. Der Anteil der Patienten mit negativen Antworten reduzierte sich von
11,7% auf 3,4%.

Diskussion Die HoLEP ist ein etabliertes und sicheres Verfahren zur
operativen Therapie der BPH. Um auf die bestehenden Vorbehalte bei Patienten eingehen zu
können, ist eine Befragung der subjektiven Zufriedenheit von operierten Patienten nach dem
Eingriff und im zeitlichen Verlauf wichtig. Die festgestellte hohe Patientenzufriedenheit
könnte sowohl betroffene Patienten als auch niedergelassene Kolleg*Innen motivieren, möglichst
frühzeitig eine operative Intervention zu erwägen.
An Azobenzene-Clamped Bichromophore
Authors: Schmickler Nils , Hofmeister David A. , Bahr Joshua , Schedlbauer Jakob , Jester Stefan-S. , Lupton John M. , Höger Sigurd
Published: September 2022

An azo-clamped nanoscale bichromophoric cyclophane is synthesized by the intramolecular Pd(II)-catalyzed coupling of the corresponding bisacetylenic precursor. The two azo moieties in the latter can adopt cis and trans configurations. Thin-layer chromatography shows only two spots, and by scanning tunneling microscopy the trans/trans and cis/cis isomers are found. The final cyclophane does not show any switching behavior at all, but dense and wide structures are visualized after adsorption to highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. Photophysical investigations of the cyclophane show that most of the fluorescence is quenched, most likely due to the azo clamp. However, bright molecules show nearly perfect single-photon emission, meaning that efficient energy transfer between the two chromophores takes place within the molecule.
Spontaneous Rapid Resolution of Acute Subdural Hematoma: Revelation in the Era of Modern Science
Authors: Vemula Ramesh Chandra , Prasad BCM , Banavath Hanuma Naik , Gokanapudi Sreeram , Reddy Kalakoti Chandra Sekhar
Published: September 2022

Acute subdural hematoma (SDH) with mass effect and midline shift is an indication for emergency surgery in neurotrauma. A very few case reports were present in the literature showing rapid resolution of acute SDH with improvement in clinical condition of the patient within hours after trauma. In this article, we presented a case of acute SDH that showed almost disappearance of hematoma within 5 hours after trauma.
Outcomes and Predictors of Outcome with Cisternostomy in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury—A Prospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Centre
Authors: Vemula Ramesh Chandra , Prasad BCM , Banavath Hanuma Naik , Kale Pavan Kumar G , Krishna N Mohana Murali , Gokanapudi Sreeram
Published: September 2022

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young individuals. Goal of management in TBI patients is mainly focused on the secondary injury. Since the cisterns and the brain communicate, it would be possible to decrease the pressure in both these compartments by opening the cisterns to the atmospheric pressure.

Objective To study the outcomes and predictors of outcome with cisternostomy in the management of TBI.

Methods A single tertiary care center's prospective observational study of outcomes with cisternostomy with intraoperative intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically with Marshall CT score. They were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe head injury groups based on Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score. Outcomes were evaluated with Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score.

Results A total of 25 patients with TBI were enrolled in this study. They underwent cisternostomy with intraoperative ICP monitoring. They were categorized into 4 groups based on the age. In our study, mortality rate was 32%. As much as 48% had good recovery at 3 months follow-up with GOS 4 and 5. Mean ICP after cisternostomy was 6.36 ± 1.91 mm Hg. In our study, there was decrease in ICP after cisternostomy.

Conclusion Age, time interval from trauma to surgery, and ICP showed prognostic importance on outcomes. Cisternostomy can efficiently decrease the ICP in the TBI patients and reduce postoperative complications.
Experimentally optimized particle–polymer matrix structure for efficient daytime radiative cooling
Authors: Bijarniya Jay Prakash , Sarkar Jahar , Tiwari Shivam , Maiti Pralay
Published: September 2022

The polymer–particle matrix structure has attracted great interest for daytime radiative cooling due to its various advantages; however, cost-effective fabrication process development and proper material selection are crucial tasks. Herein, we illustrate the selection of fabrication process and materials based on development, characterization, and experimental performance. The initial selection is based on solar radiation backscattering and isotropic thermal emission properties of polymers and particles. Among potential polymers (PMMA, PVDF, and PU), PMMA is experimentally found more suitable for radiative cooling because of negligible absorption in the solar radiation spectrum. Among the selected particles (CaCO3, BaSO4, ZnO, and SiO2), the experimental performance of BaSO4 in the polymer matrix is found to be excellent. Furthermore, the optimum particle volumetric concentration is found at 70%, with an optimum thickness of 500 μm for the substrate independent radiative cooler. Spray-coating is found to be a better option for fabrication as compared to drop casting. The performance evaluation was carried out at Varanasi, India for over two months to investigate the environmental parameters' effect on performance. For an optimized structure, the observed maximum temperature drop from the ambient is 6 °C (17 °C lower than bare roof surface) during noontime and 9 °C during the evening. At ambient temperature, the recorded cooling power is 35 W/m2 at noon (solar peak) and 78 W/m2 in the evening for the experimentally optimized structure.
Sparse total-focusing imaging of ultrasonic array sensor at the interface under an effective aperture
Authors: Zhao Xia , Wang Zhaoba
Published: September 2022

Total-focusing imaging based on full-matrix data, which makes the synthesis of sound waves at the focus point, has been widely used and shown to improve imaging resolution effectively. In traditional total-focusing imaging, it is considered that the echo signals received by all transmit–receive pairs contain the effective characteristic information from the focal point. However, by both acoustic theory and detection experiment, it is found that invalid array elements exist due to the directivity constraint. In this paper, aiming at the invalid and redundant ultrasonic signals in the full matrix data, a sparse total-focusing imaging method based on correlation criteria is proposed according to the characteristics of extracted reflected signals representing the interface information. Then, the total-focusing imaging of the interface defect was realized based on the full matrix dataset under an effective aperture. The imaging results demonstrated that the proposed algorithms can realize the detection of interface defects with higher imaging quality.
A simple setup for in situ alkali metal electronic spin polarimetry
Authors: Kelley M. , Branca R. T.
Published: September 2022

Faraday rotation is considered a gold standard measurement of the electronic spin polarization of an alkali metal vapor produced under optical pumping. However, during the production of large volumes of hyperpolarized xenon gas, transmission monitoring measurements, otherwise known as field cycling measurements, are generally employed to measure the spin polarization of alkali metal atoms in situ as this method is easier to implement than Faraday rotation on standard polarizer setups. Here, we present a simple, low-cost experimental setup to perform Faraday rotation measurements of the electronic spin polarization of alkali metal atoms that can be easily implemented on standard polarizer setups. We then compare Rb polarization measurements obtained with the Faraday rotation method to those obtained with the transmission monitoring method. To our knowledge, a direct comparison of these methods has never been made. Overall, we found good agreement between the two methods, but at low Rb density and high laser power, we found evidence of nonlinear magneto-optical effects that may prevent Faraday rotation from being used under these conditions.
Physical function limitation among gay and bisexual men aged ≥55 years with and without HIV: findings from the Australian Positive and Peers Longevity Evaluation Study (APPLES)
Authors: Boettiger David C. , Huque Md. Hamidul , Bloch Mark , Woolley Ian , Templeton David J. , Law Matthew G. , Fraser Neil , Hoy Jennifer , Petoumenos Kathy
Published: September 2022

Background As people living with HIV now have a life expectancy approaching that of the general population, clinical care focuses increasingly on the management and prevention of comorbidities and conditions associated with aging. We aimed to assess the prevalence of physical function (PF) limitation among gay and bisexual men (GBM) and determine whether HIV is associated with severe PF limitation in this population. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from GBM aged ≥55 years in the Australian Positive and Peers Longevity Evaluation Study who completed a self-administered survey on health and lifestyle factors. PF was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study–Physical Functioning scale. Factors associated with severe PF limitation were assessed using logistic regression. Results The survey was completed by 381 men: 186 without HIV and 195 with HIV. Median age was 64.3 years for GBM without HIV and 62.1 years for GBM with HIV. Compared with men without HIV, those with HIV had higher proportions of severe (13.3% vs 8.1%) and moderate-to-severe (26.7% vs 24.2%) PF limitation. Severe PF limitation commonly involved difficulty with vigorous activity (95% with severe PF limitation described being limited a lot), climbing several flights of stairs (68.4% limited a lot), bending, kneeling or stooping (60.5% limited a lot), and walking 1 km (55.0% limited a lot). In a model adjusted for age, body mass index, typical duration of physical activity, psychological distress, and number of comorbidities, we found a significant association between HIV and severe PF limitation (adjusted odds ratio 3.3 vs not having HIV, 95% confidence interval 1.3–8.7). Conclusions The biological mechanisms underlying this association require further investigation, particularly given the growing age of the HIV population and inevitable increase in the burden of PF limitation.
Continental flood basalts drive Phanerozoic extinctions
Authors: Green Theodore , Renne Paul R. , Keller C. Brenhin
Published: September 2022

Refinements of the geological timescale driven by the increasing precision and accuracy of radiometric dating have revealed an apparent correlation between large igneous provinces (LIPs) and intervals of Phanerozoic faunal turnover that has been much discussed at a qualitative level. However, the extent to which such correlations are likely to occur by chance has yet to be quantitatively tested, and other kill mechanisms have been suggested for many mass extinctions. Here, we show that the degree of temporal correlation between continental LIPs and faunal turnover in the Phanerozoic is unlikely to occur by chance, suggesting a causal relationship linking extinctions and continental flood basalts. The relationship is stronger for LIPs with higher estimated eruptive rates and for stage boundaries with higher extinction magnitudes. This suggests LIP magma degassing as a primary kill mechanism for mass extinctions and other intervals of faunal turnover, which may be related toCO2, SO2, Cl, and F release. Our results suggest continental LIPs as a major, direct driver of extinctions throughout the Phanerozoic.
Experimental evolution reveals the synergistic genomic mechanisms of adaptation to ocean warming and acidification in a marine copepod
Authors: Brennan Reid S. , deMayo James A. , Dam Hans G. , Finiguerra Michael , Baumann Hannes , Buffalo Vince , Pespeni Melissa H.
Published: September 2022

Metazoan adaptation to global change relies on selection of standing genetic variation. Determining the extent to which this variation exists in natural populations, particularly for responses to simultaneous stressors, is essential to make accurate predictions for persistence in future conditions. Here, we identified the genetic variation enabling the copepod
Acartia tonsa
to adapt to experimental ocean warming, acidification, and combined ocean warming and acidification (OWA) over 25 generations of continual selection. Replicate populations showed a consistent polygenic response to each condition, targeting an array of adaptive mechanisms including cellular homeostasis, development, and stress response. We used a genome-wide covariance approach to partition the allelic changes into three categories: selection, drift and replicate-specific selection, and laboratory adaptation responses. The majority of allele frequency change in warming (57%) and OWA (63%) was driven by shared selection pressures across replicates, but this effect was weaker under acidification alone (20%). OWA and warming shared 37% of their response to selection but OWA and acidification shared just 1%, indicating that warming is the dominant driver of selection in OWA. Despite the dominance of warming, the interaction with acidification was still critical as the OWA selection response was highly synergistic with 47% of the allelic selection response unique from either individual treatment. These results disentangle how genomic targets of selection differ between single and multiple stressors and demonstrate the complexity that nonadditive multiple stressors will contribute to predictions of adaptation to complex environmental shifts caused by global change.
Complex agricultural landscapes host more biodiversity than simple ones: A global meta-analysis
Authors: Estrada-Carmona Natalia , Sánchez Andrea C. , Remans Roseline , Jones Sarah K.
Published: September 2022

Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity conservation requires profound structural changes worldwide. Often, discussions are centered on management at the field level. However, a wide and growing body of evidence calls for zooming out and targeting agricultural policies, research, and interventions at the landscape level to halt and reverse the decline in biodiversity, increase biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, and improve the resilience and adaptability of these ecosystems. We conducted the most comprehensive assessment to date on landscape complexity effects on nondomesticated terrestrial biodiversity through a meta-analysis of 1,134 effect sizes from 157 peer-reviewed articles. Increasing landscape complexity through changes in composition, configuration, or heterogeneity significatively and positively affects biodiversity. More complex landscapes host more biodiversity (richness, abundance, and evenness) with potential benefits to sustainable agricultural production and conservation, and effects are likely underestimated. The few articles that assessed the combined contribution of linear (e.g., hedgerows) and areal (e.g., woodlots) elements resulted in a near-doubling of the effect sizes (i.e., biodiversity level) compared to the dominant number of studies measuring these elements separately. Similarly, positive effects on biodiversity are stronger in articles monitoring biodiversity for at least 2 y compared to the dominant 1-y monitoring efforts. Besides, positive and stronger effects exist when monitoring occurs in nonoverlapping landscapes, highlighting the need for long-term and robustly designed monitoring efforts. Living in harmony with nature will require shifting paradigms toward valuing and promoting multifunctional agriculture at the farm and landscape levels with a research agenda that untangles complex agricultural landscapes’ contributions to people and nature under current and future conditions.