bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POS INFORMASI LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KAWASAN AIR ROB KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Zam Mahalul , Handayani Oktia Woro Kasmini , Sugiharto Sugiharto
Published: April 2019

Kasus Leptospirosis di Kota Semarang selalu mengalami peningkatan. Puskesmas Bandarharjo adalah Puskesmas yang wilayahnya merupakan zona rawan Leptospirosis. Tahun 2015, di wilayah Puskesmas Bandarharjo ditemukan 22 kasus Leptospirosis, meningkat dari tahun sebelumnya yaitu 14 kasus pada tahun 2014. Kasus Leptospirosis tersebut paling banyak terjadi di Kelurahan Tanjung Mas. Fakta ini menempatkan Puskesmas Bandarharjo tertinggi kasus Leptospirosis di kota Semarang. Wilayah ini termasuk endemis, karena wilayah ini merupakan daerah rawan banjir dan merupakan daerah yang sering terdampak rob (kawasan rob). Banyak genangan air pada musim penghujan maupun akibat rob menyebabkan banyak selokan-selokan yang menggenang, sampah-sampah menumpuk yang menjadi tempat berkembangbiaknya tikus. Studi awal oleh tim pengabdi, diketahui bahwa tingginya kasus penyakit Leptospirosis di wilayah tersebut selain karena faktor lingkungan yang rawan banjir dan rob, juga dipengaruhi oleh perilaku masyarakat yang belum menerapkan pola hidup bersih dan sehat. Pengetahuan masyarakat yang kurang tentang penyakit Leptospirosis. Penyakit ini penting untuk diketahui secara lengkap oleh masyarakat serta harus mendapatkan prioritas dalam pengendalian dan pemberantasannya terutama menjelang musim hujan tiba dan khususnya pada wilayah-wilayah rawan terjadi banjir. Pembentukan pos informasi Leptospirosis di kawasan terdampak air rob dipilih sebagai bentuk inovasi pola pemberian informasi kepada masyarakat. Pos Informasi Leptospirosis ini sebagai wadah komunikasi dan informasi kesehatan dengan konsep pengembangan masyarakat dalam rangka penanggulangan Leptospirosis di kawasan rawan banjir dan kawasan terdampak air rob. Pos Informasi Leptospirosis menjadi pusat kegiatan penyebaran informasi penyakit Leptospirosis di masyarakat. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan Pos Informasi Leptospirosis telah mampu meningkatkan peran Kader Kesehatan dalam edukasi masyarakat, dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, serta kesadaran masyarakat dalam menerapkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat serta dapat meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap bahaya penyakit Leptospirosis.
A pobreza na Congregação das Irmãs Escolares de Nossa Senhora à Luz de Enrique Dussel e Paulo Freire
Authors: De Medeiros Mirian
Published: April 2019

Este artigo busca refletir sobre qual o sentido da pobreza, um dos pilares da vida religiosa católica, na Congregação das Irmãs Escolares de Nossa Senhora (IENS). A reflexão se faz a partir de Enrique Dussel, Paulo Freire e José M. Castillo. Os primeiros monges, por não aceitarem as “facilidades” da ordem social em que viviam, fugiram dela e optaram por viver na pobreza. Para Dussel, a América Latina foi “encoberta” e “inventada” à imagem da Europa, causando a opressão dos povos latinos até os dias de hoje. A alternativa para ele é uma práxis libertadora, apontando o profeta, o pobre de Iahweh, como aquele que luta pela destotalização do Sistema. Dussel vê a História como “lugar teológico”, apresentando Jesus de Nazaré como a irrupção de Deus na história humana, e cuja vida se perfila aos pobres do mundo frente ao Sistema. A proposta freireana é também de práxis. Ela é luta contra a Totalização do Sistema pela educação que leva à conscientização, à reflexão e à crítica da realidade, denunciando opressões e injustiças. O profeta em ambos os autores busca frear as engrenagens que negam a pessoa viver sua condição ontológica. Os primeiros monges fugiram do Sistema. Para Dussel e Freire, precisa algo mais: negar-se a alimentá-lo como forma de oposição radical.
O Gil e a Bola Gira e Outros Poemas para Brincar: um convite à brincadeira
Authors: Debus Eliane Santana Dias
Published: April 2019

A literatura para crianças em Moçambique tem nos últimos dez anos se ampliado, trazendo à cena a produção de jovens escritores comprometidos com a formação de leitores por meio da palavra literária. Nesta resenha apresentamos o livro O Gil e a Bola Gira e Outros Poemas para Brincar, do escritor Celso Celestino Cossa, publicado em 2016 pela chancela da Escola Portuguesa de Moçambique. O livro é composto de 12 poemas que têm como temática os brinquedos e as brincadeiras que povoam o mundo da infância e convidam o leitor a entrar na brincadeira.
Descobrindo o início da docência em Matemática na classe multisseriada
Authors: Muniz Bruna Mendes , Ciríaco Klinger
Published: April 2019

Descrevemos resultados de um estudo que teve como objetivo compreender a organização do trabalho pedagógico com conteúdos matemáticos em uma classe multisseriada, localizada no interior do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A abordagem metodológica se inscreve no campo da pesquisa qualitativa em educação de caráter descritivo-analítico. Para este fim, recorremos a dados provenientes de observação da prática de uma professora iniciante, bem como de informações retiradas de seu diário de aula e da entrevista semiestruturada que desenvolvemos. O referencial teórico adotado destaca questões ligadas ao trabalho com a Educação do Campo, espaço de atuação da docente, classes multisseriadas e problemas experienciados no começo da carreira. Os dados coletados, apontaram que a comunicação nas aulas de Matemática vem se apresentando como um possível caminho para aprendizagem tanto dos alunos quanto da professora, além disso os sentimentos de “sobrevivência” e “descoberta” apresentaram-se com muita ênfase no primeiro ano de experiência profissional, dado este que corrobora a literatura especializada na temática.
Clinical Characteristics and Survival of Patients with Malignant Ovarian Tumors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Piszczan Swantje , Desalegn Dawit , Petros Hezkiel , Gurmu Mengistu , Kroeber Eric Sven , Addissie Adamu , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Ghebre Rahel G. , Mathewos Assefa , Thomssen Christoph , Jemal Ahmedin , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna
Published: April 2019

Background

Ovarian cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death among women in Ethiopia, with about 2,550 diagnosed cases and 2,000 deaths each year. The incidence and mortality rates of this disease have been increasing in Ethiopia and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa over the past decades because of changing lifestyle and reproductive factors. In this study, we describe the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and survival of patients with ovarian cancer in Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 485 patients diagnosed between January 2009 and October 2015 at Addis Ababa University Hospital, Zewditu Memorial Hospital, or registered in the Addis Ababa population-based cancer registry. Follow-up data were obtained via telephone. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality.

Results

The median age was 46 years (range, 11–95). The estimated 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 78% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.741–0.82.5) and 59% (95% CI, 0.538–0.646), respectively. Of those patients with result available (n = 423), 73.0% had epithelial cancers. Almost half were classified as Federation of Gynecology and Oncology stage III or IV (48.2%; stage available n = 201) resulting in worse outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 2.91 [CI 0.67–12.64] and 3.03 [0.69–15.79], respectively). Four out of five patients received some form of surgery (82%), three out of five received platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with residual tumor after surgery (n = 83) showed worse survival outcome (HR, 2.23; 95% CI 1.08–4.49).

Conclusion

Our study revealed substantial treatment gaps with respect to surgery and adequate chemotherapy. Higher stage, residual tumor and lack of chemotherapy impaired the outcome. Access to higher standards of ovarian cancer treatment is urgently needed in Ethiopia.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerisini Geliştirmeye Yönelik Yöntem ve Teknikleri Kullanım Sıklıklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZYURT Melike , BEZİRGAN Gözde
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırmayla öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme
becerisini geliştirmek için önerilen yöntem, teknik, etkinliklerin sınıf öğretmenleri tarafından kullanma sıklıklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 28
ilkokuldan 618 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada ayrıca 16 sınıf
öğretmeniyle görüşme yapılmıştır. Karma araştırma yönteminin uygulandığı araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak
araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Eleştirel Düşünmeyi Geliştiren Yöntem, Teknik ve Etkinlikleri Kullanma Sıklığı Anketi ve görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. 18 maddeden
oluşan anket üçlü likert tipindedir. Araştırmanın diğer veri toplama aracı olan
yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme
formu ise beş açık
uçlu sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada nicel verilerin çözümlenmesinde yüzde ve frekans
analizi uygulanmıştır. Nitel veriler ise betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.  Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenler tarafından en sık kullanılan
yöntemin “Problem Çözme” ( %
63,9); tekniğin “Soru cevap” ( % 88,7); En seyrek kullanılan
yöntemin “Örnek olay incelemesi” ( %13,8);
tekniğin ise “Altı şapka düşünme” tekniği ( %51,1) olduğu
bulunmuştur. Araştırmada bu yöntem ve teknikleri uygularken öğretmenlerin en
çok yaşadığı sorunun “Velilerin ilgisizliği” ( % 86,9) olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin sıklıkla uyguladıkları yöntem ve teknikleri tercih
nedenlerinin ise kalabalık sınıflarda daha az zaman alması, öğrenci
seviyesine uygun olması, kolay öğrenmeyi sağlaması, kalıcı öğrenmeyi sağlaması,
yaratıcılığı geliştirmesi, konular üzerinde düşünmeyi sağlaması ve öğrencilerin
aktif olmasını sağlaması olduğu belirlenmiştir.
The Evaluation of Learning Management Systems by Using Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy TOPSIS and an Integrated Method: A Case Study
Authors: ALTUN TURKER Yasemin , BAYNAL Kasim , TURKER Turgay
Published: April 2019

Distance Education has become an important educational model with the development of information and communication technologies in the world. It has also become increasingly used model in Turkey. In our country, the number of universities and educational organizations offering distance education programs increase day by day. Distance education is performed by some special software called Learning Management System (LMS). There are both commercial LMSs and several open-source LMSs that have cost advantages. It is difficult to select an appropriate LMS for many institutions to meet their standards. The decision making and selection process is crucial, because LMS functions are different from each other, and they all have various features. Because of this, in this study, it is targeted to help and facilitate the decision-making process of LMS for institutions. In this study, Fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and an integrated method were used for evaluating criteria and deciding alternatives. To help accomplish this aim, questionnaire forms was designed and used for data collection. These methods were compared with each other. Results were evaluated. According to results among different criteria, the most important criteria for selecting LMS alternatives was found Content Management and Development (96.3%) and between the alternatives Moodle was found the best alternative with the degree of 36.3%.
The USA policy of the control of the transport corridors
Authors: Romanukha Oleksandr
Published: April 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the foreign policy strategy of the USA in questions of controlling the transport corridors. The attention is given to the priority of the idea of revival of “The Silk Road” and forming the regional transport corridors that will promote the growth of national economies, stabilize the political situation, improve the investment atmosphere and help the countries to integrate into the world’s economical and political systems. The detailed analysis of the history, regional features of the implementation of the target is given. The scale of this project has caused sequence of its implementation. If at the beginning it was sad about revival of a trade way between Europe and Asia in general, then over time the United States of America pass to some tactics in forming the small transport corridors of regional value. In the future on their basis it will be possible to carry out the idea of “The Silk Road”. Taking into consideration the richness of hydrocarbons in the countries in Central Asia, the idea of building oil and gas pipelines has become the basis for regional transport corridors and will create an infrastructure basis for adjustment of a goods 260 turnover in the future. Even today the profit of transportation between the West and the East raises a great interest in the world community. The great significance is given to the Black Sea region, especially to Ukraine. Holding an important geopolitical position, it is together with other countries in the region, has to act as a guarantee of stability, democracy and integration. This will assist economical recovery of the participating countries, normalize a political situation.
Photochromotherapy using narrow-band optical radiation of 530 nm wavelength in cognitive rehabilitation of patients with focal brain lesions
Authors: Tereshin Alexey Е. , Kiryanova Vera V. , Reshetnik Dmitry A. , Efimova Maria Yu. , Savelyeva Elena K.
Published: April 2019

The objective of the research was to study the nootropic effects of photochromotherapy using narrow-band optical radiation (PCT NBOR) of 530 nm wavelength in combination with the standard medical and psychological therapy in cognitive impairments rehabilitation in patients with focal brain lesions.
Materials and methods. The rehabilitation outcomes in 141 patients with cognitive impairments due to focal brain lesions were studied. Patients were subdivided into two groups: 90 patients of the control group were treated with the standard nootropic medications and neuropsychological procedures; 51 patients of the main group were additionally treated with PCT NBOR of 530 nm wavelength transorbitally and in the neck-collar zone. The dynamics of the score increase according to Rivermid, Karnovsky, Roshina, MMSE, mRS, HDRS, SF-36 scales were analyzed.
Conclusion. PCT NBOR of 530 nm wavelength has advantages in restoring the functional state, attention, counting, reading, and speech intrinsic to the ischemic brain damage compared to the standard cognitive rehabilitation program. In the patients with hemorrhagic stroke PCT NBOR of 530 nm wavelength has no significant effect on cognitive functions; however it improves the general functional state.
Economic aspects and managing the work of express laboratory while using portable gas analyzers in resuscitation units
Authors: Gaikovaya Larisa B. , Saiganov Sergey A. , Lataria Elguja L. , Gramatovich Olga V. , Fedorenko Anastasia S. , Ermakov Alexey I.
Published: April 2019

The economic rationale for the choice of a portable analyzer of gases and electrolytes for their use in the resuscitation and intensive care units, as well as implementing the “point of care testing” principle allowed us to optimize the work of the express laboratory, reduce the number of tests, their costs, and increase the quality of research.
The effect of warfarin, heparin, and modern directly acting oral anticoagulants (dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, apixaban) on the level of coagulation factors: V, VII, VIII, IX, XII, WF
Authors: Gulyaikhina Darya E.
Published: April 2019

Heparin is common initial therapy administered to subjects with acute venous thromboembolism. Routine clinical practice in this case consists of immediate heparin therapy initiation and administration of warfarin sodium within 24 hours; administration of heparin is usually finished in 5 days. Patients with CF-LVAD (continuous flow left ventricular assist device) are also administered intravenous unfractionated heparin. Heparin mainly serves as anticoagulant via catalyzing antithrombin, which leads to factor II (thrombin), factor X inhibition, with smaller effect on IX, XI, XII.
During the last 50 years warfarin has been the most common anticoagulant from vitamin K antagonists group which is used to treat patients with high risk of developing arterial and venous thrombosis. It has narrow therapeutic window due to unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus requiring frequent monitoring, and it’s affected by interaction with concomitant medications and foods. Apart from this, effect of warfarin is not limited to the influence on hemostasis; it also has impact on all vitamin K-related proteins. Warfarin shows its anticoagulant effect through decreasing functional levels of vitamin K-related factors II, VII, IX and X. Synthesis of two physiologic anticoagulants — C and S proteins — is blocked at the same time. Warfarin competes with vitamin K, thus blocking vitamin K effects.
Modern directly acting oral anticoagulants: direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and Xa factor inhibitors — rivaroxaban and apixaban, were developed as an alternative to warfarin. They also show non-hemostatic vascular effects via protease activated receptors (PARs).
The future of sports delivery in Australia NBN multicast, IPTV and the role of the ISPs
Authors: McCosker Anthony
Published: April 2019

Where lucrative media rights deals for sports content currently lie primarily with pay TV and free to air (FTA) broadcasters, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) entering the content delivery market through partners such as Fetch TV may be better placed to compete for distribution rights to sporting and other live events. In response to this shifting environment this paper outlines the technological capacities of NBN-based multicast Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and examines public comment and interview data from ISPs, sports organisations and NBN Co. regarding their intentions for IPTV delivery. This paper begins with the assumption that diversity in these emerging media forms remains important as ISPs enter the media content market. We demonstrate, however, that despite the emergence of NBN-based technologies, diversity in sports content distribution cannot be assumed. The paper points toward the important role that regulators, such as the ACCC, have in maintaining diversity and competition in IPTV services.
Thank you and looking forward
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

On behalf of the Editorial Board, authors and readers of the Journal, the recently appointed Managing Editor Mark Gregory thanks the outgoing Managing Editor Peter Gerrand for his leadership, scholarly editing and hard work over the past 21 years.
Net Neutrality in the U.S. – 2015
Authors: Larribeau Robert
Published: April 2019

A U.S. Federal Court ruling in January 2014 overturned Net Neutrality rules issued in 2010 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the body that regulates both the telecommunications and the cable industries in the U.S.  This sparked significant support for establishing new rules to provide Net Neutrality and resulted in the submission of more than one million comments to the FCC, which broke all records.  This led to the FCC adopting new Net Neutrality rules in February 2015.  The FCC followed President Barack Obama’s lead and classified the broadband operators as common carriers, which will require that they treat all of their customers and all content providers equally.  As common carriers the broadband operators will not be able to favour one content provider over another or favour their own content services.  It is very likely that these new rules will not settle the issue and will be challenged in Congress and in the courts. The Net Neutrality controversy will continue.
Things to learn and things to abandon: A comparative study of the communications consumer redress scheme in Australia, Japan and Korea
Authors: Li Grace
Published: April 2019

Abstract: This article compares the telecommunications consumer dispute resolution scheme in Australia, Japan and Korea based on the telecommunications consumer policy principles developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2011 and the guidelines and recommendations developed by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in 2013. This articles concludes that the Australian consumer dispute resolution scheme (the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman scheme)   appears to be the best practice among these three jurisdictions studied followed by the consumer scheme in Korea. Both the current Japanese scheme and the proposed new scheme in Japan appear to be lesser appropriate due to the foreseeable inadequate accessibility and insufficient consumer redress authority created under the scheme. Nonetheless, much experience and exceptional practices can all be shared and learned by the regulatory decision-makers in all three countries.
Radio Communication By Artificial Satellites
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

A remarkable paper from 1961 which demonstrates the Post Master General’s Department was at the forefront of technological developments concerning radio communications by artificial satellites before the launch of Telstar.
Who are you going to call? The future of the Universal Service Obligation
Authors: De Ridder John
Published: April 2019

This paper draws upon a research paper prepared for the Australian Communications Consumer Action Network. The focus of this paper is on the best way to provide every adult with universally available, accessible, affordable and empowering communications. Special attention is given affordability leading to a litmus test of an affordable broadband tariff. The paper proposes two options for delivering universal service objectives in future. One does not require any carrier to be nominated as the universal retail service provider. The other extends Telstra’s current obligations.
Software Defined Networking – Shaping up for the next disruptive step?
Authors: Hoang Doan
Published: April 2019

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has emerged as a networking paradigm that can remove the limitations of current network infrastructures by separating the control plane from the data forwarding plane. As an immediate result, networks can be managed cost effectively and autonomously through centralising the decision-making capability at the control plane and the programmability of network devices on the data plane. This allows the two planes to evolve independently and open up separate horizontal markets on simplified network devices and programmable controllers.  More importantly, it opens up markets for infrastructure providers to provision and offer network resources on-demand to multiple tenants and for service providers to develop and deploy their services on shared infrastructure resources cost-effectively. This paper provides an essential understanding of the SDN concept and architecture. It discusses the important implications of the control/data plane separation on network devices, management and applications beyond the scope of the original SDN. It also discusses two major issues that may help to bring the disruptive technology forward: the intent northbound interface and the cost-effective SDN approaches for the industry.
Contact-ability framework for the delivery of universal services
Authors: Thomas Rachel
Published: April 2019

The Universal Service Obligation (USO) ensures access to voice communication services to all Australians. The obligation has changed very little in comparison to the telecommunications market and consumers’ use of services. This presents a number of gaps and risks for consumers as safeguards do not exist for the communications services that are used today, such as data and mobile services. However, updating the obligation to include these services alone will likely fail consumers. Furthermore, focusing on distributing resources does not take into consideration the resulting outcome for consumers; how they utilise the opportunities that they have or the barriers that they may face. This paper outlines the imperative for action in this area and argues for a new framework based on a principal of contact-ability. This new framework will have four key areas; availability, affordability, accessibility and service standards. A further two additional areas; online service delivery and literacy and empowerment, are also needed to fully ensure contact-ability is achieved.
It's Time: Reimaging Universal Service for Digital Life
Authors: Goggin Gerard
Published: April 2019

This article provides a brief introduction to a timely set of papers critically discussing universal service in telecommunications and proposing policy option. This is a longstanding public policy issue, moving once more into the foreground in Australia. The article puts the papers into context, and argues for the need to reconnect universal service policy with fertile and productive research, policy, social and technology innovation in other areas. Finally, the paper argues for the urgent need to fundamentally reimagine universal service to achieve the still relevant goal of access for all to essential communications technology.
Universal Service in the Spotlight
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

In the December issue papers cover a range of telecommunications related issues both locally and internationally, including Universal Service, legacy telecommunications equipment and a timely review of the progress of the rollout of Ultra-Fast Broadband in New Zealand. A theme in this issue focuses on Universal Service and provides discussion on what a revised Universal Service should constitute and how this revised Universal Service should be delivered. As the digital transformation of government and community service delivery progresses there is a need to consider how new and upgraded telecommunications infrastructure can be best utilised to provide Universal Service. Another theme in this issue considers how telecommunications and service providers are working to ensure that legacy telecommunications equipment is identified, upgraded where necessary and connected to the National Broadband Network or replaced. Readers will also find an interesting update on the provision of reliable telecommunications to Antarctica and how Ericsson is celebrating the milestone of being a significant contributor to Australian telecommunications over the past 125 years.
Impending Media Review
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

In the March 2016 issue papers cover a range of topics that include the UK BBC charter review, film and television being affected by Internet clichés and an interesting look at digital currencies. Two historical articles on the bombing of Darwin and radio telephone surveying provide interesting reading about past telecommunications challenges. In Australia the government appears to be taking concerns raised by media organisations seriously and recent reductions in television licence fees point to the government’s impending media regulation review being more than just window dressing.
The National Broadband Network Brownfields Debate - Valuing FTTN and FTTP.
Authors: Ferrers Richard Anthony
Published: April 2019

This paper analyses the value of FTTN and FTTP along financial and non-financial dimensions. It reports on an open, public, dynamic ‘value model’ of FTTN and FTTP, and showcases two visual tools to enable assessment of their multiple, competing, emerging and slippery ‘value dimensions’. The paper reports and compares empirically-derived FTTN and FTTP value dimensions from recent Ministerial Speeches at CommsDay Summit 2016 and Government expert reports with the value model.
A Next Generation Wholesaler's View of the NBN - How Retail Service Providers can succeed in an NBN world
Authors: Branson Sarah , Sugo Rene
Published: April 2019

The MNF Group has been operating in the Australian Telecommunications market since 2004. The author of this paper is an employee of the MNF Group and the opinions expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the MNF Group.Upgrading the infrastructure of an entire country is a huge undertaking and was deemed necessary with Government intervention in Australia. Had this task been left to private companies, the likelihood is that Australia would continue to experience a huge gap between the cost and availability of high quality, fast speed broadband services between metro and rural regions. The NBN rollout is several years into the project and a recently released report from the ACCC has given insights into the wholesale market and initial market indicators shows that the market is becoming less competitive. This paper examines the costs of interconnecting with the NBN and demonstrates why the NBN has not achieved its goal of providing a level playing field for all telecommunication companies. By looking at the true cost of providing NBN services to NBN users, it is shown that the NBN pricing model is flawed and will affect the quality of service being provided to Australians. To succeed in the telecommunications industry, it is suggested that smaller RSPs will need to work hard to differentiate their brand and provide added value to consumers through additional service offerings. Selling NBN services alone will not be enough to enable smaller RSPs to survive in this tough market. It can be expected that there will be further RSP consolidation within the telecommunications industry as the smaller RSPs won’t be able to compete with the big 4 dominating the market.
Towards Customer Leadership
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: April 2019

Today Australia's telecommunications market is strongly contested. Competitors with highly skilled, experienced and focused marketing teams battle for market position, market share and profit growth.This has not always been so.Telecom Australia was established in 1975 as the government owned national telecommunications carrier. Protected by regulated monopolies for network services and customer  premises equipment, Telecom held perhaps 90% of the market. The predominantly engineering culture believed that it only needed a nominal marketing department and no sales force.In 1981 the monopolies were threatened. Telecom decided that it needed a sales force - quickly.This is a brief story of the building of that sales force over the first five years.In a government owned business steeped in the public service culture, strongly influenced by the public service unions and under a Labour government it was a grinding task.After five years the "subscribers" were more widely addressed and treated as "customers" and the sales force was operational. It was to be at least another six years before the sales force made the customers the focus of the business, and the skills, experience, management and culture of the force could match serious competitors in a de-regulated market.
The Tragedy of Australia's National Broadband Network
Authors: Tucker Rod
Published: April 2019

This article reviews recent developments in global broadband deployments and highlights the growing global dominance of fibre to the premises (FTTP).  Australia’s increasing use of fibre to the node (FTTN) has locked the country out of world-class broadband for years to come. If Australia is ever to obtain first-class broadband services, it will be necessary to replace FTTN with higher speed technologies.
Telecommunications Performance Monitoring and Unlimited Data
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

The Australian telecommunications industry has been slow to call for or to adopt new practices and the National Broadband Network has exacerbated the problem of technology adoption lag. There are two key issues facing telecommunication consumers today. The cost of optical networking has significantly reduced over the past five years so there is no justification for the network congestion that occurs on Australian telecommunication networks. To remedy this situation the introduction of performance monitoring is fully supported. It is time for the telecommunications industry to adopt new broadband business models that are based on the provision of unlimited data and a maximum of 90 to 95 per cent utilisation on optical network links.
A Time For Renewal
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

The Telecommunications Association has commenced the second phase of the renewal process that started in 2013. As part of the first phase of this renewal process a key decision was to relaunch the Telecommunications Journal of Australia as the Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy. In addition to the Journal, the Telecommunications Association holds the Henry Sutton and Charles Todd Orations each year in Melb0urne and Sydney respectively. As the second phase progresses, the Telecommunications Association will launch a new brand, update the Association’s website and host the first of what should become an annual two-day telecommunications forum. The first event is to be held in Melbourne in November. For the Journal, key milestones have now been achieved, including being added to the SCOPUS list of indexed Journals and the Australian Research Council’s Excellence in Research for Australia, which is the national research evaluation framework.
Telecommunications and Security Reform
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

The Telecommunications Association is hosting a two day forum in Melbourne in mid-November 2017 on telecommunications and security. With the Parliament passing legislation in support of the government’s telecommunications sector security reforms agenda there is a timely need to explore the legislation and to identify what the immediate outcomes will be for the telecommunications sector. With only 12 months to prepare before the new regime kicks in the TelSoc forum provides an opportunity for discussion on this key topic. Papers in this issue of the Journal cover a range of topics that cover historical events, book reviews and international telecommunications markets including a unique look at the development of the telecommunications market in Indonesia.
Preparing the next generation for the Machine Age
Authors: Gerrand Peter
Published: April 2019

A book review of ‘Changing Jobs. The Fair Go in the Machine Age’ by Jim Chalmers and Mike Quigley, Redback 13, Schwarz Publishing, September 2017, 199 pp.
The Potential for Immersive Technology combined with Online Dating
Authors: Bailey David Evans
Published: April 2019

Whilst online dating has been around for several years; immersive technologies are relatively new to this type of interaction. The first forays into immersive VR online dating have only just being made in the past year. To what degree this type of technology will change the way that we date is potentially quite different from the current way that online dates are conducted. The way the technology works could make virtual dates seem as real as a physical date. Understanding how immersive technology functions gives some insights into the future of online dating and also the impact on the digital economy.
Handover with Buffering for Distributed Mobility Management in Software Defined Mobile Networks
Authors: Davaasambuu Battulga
Published: April 2019

The rapidly-growing number of mobile subscribers has led to the creation of a large number of signalling messages. This makes it difficult to efficiently handle the mobility of subscribers in mobile cellular networks. The long-term evolution (LTE) architecture provides software-defined networking (SDN) to meet the requirements of 5G networks and to forward massive mobile data traffic. The SDN solution proposes separation of the control and data planes of a network. Centralized mobility management (CMM) is widely used in current mobile network technologies, such as 4G networks. One of the problems related to CMM is a single point of failure. To solve the problems of CMM and in order to provide for efficient mobility management, IETF has developed a solution called distributed mobility management (DMM), in which mobility is handled via the nearest mobility anchor. In this paper, we propose a DMM solution with handover operations for SDN-enabled mobile networks. The advantage of the proposed solution is that intra and inter handover procedures are defined with the data buffering and forwarding processes between base stations and mobility anchors. We adopt a simulation model to evaluate and compare the proposed solution with the existing solution in terms of handover latency, packet loss and handover failures.
‘And Now the Biography’
Authors: Cryle Denis
Published: April 2019

Sir Charles Todd is a seminal nineteenth-century figure who continues to fascinate popular writers and scholars alike, not least those working in modern telecommunications. A well-attended symposium, convened by Adelaide societies in August 2012, paid lengthy tribute to his wide-ranging achievements. In his own lifetime, ‘Telegraph’ Todd was celebrated for his achievement in planning and organising the construction of the Overland Telegraph Line from Adelaide to Darwin, linking Australia to the outside world. His personal intervention on the hazardous Northern Territory leg of the Overland Telegraph’s construction was hailed as decisive in the successful completion of one of the great engineering feats of its day. Yet Todd himself has remained a shadowy figure, eluding a series of biographers for more than a century after his death. This article concerning the genesis of Todd’s recent biography entitled Behind the Legend: The Many Worlds of Charles Todd, examines changing historical perspectives on Todd and his achievements. In particular, it identifies the increasing availability of biographical resources over time and reviews the challenges which biographers faced in bringing to life the career of a great pioneering Australian.
Vale Roger Banks: A Tribute
Authors: Holmes James R.
Published: April 2019

Roger Banks, who was well known to many in the telecommunications industry, passed away in January 2018. He retired as Telecom Australia’s Director of Business Development in 1988, having made significant contributions to Telecom’s commercial development and customer focus. His early career included significant leadership in CCITT’s switching studies. This obituary outlines his life from the early days in Victoria, through his career with the PMG and Telecom, to his post-retirement contributions as a board member and supporter of engineering education.
Debating Wholesale Telecommunications Reforms
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

Papers in the June 2018 issue of the Journal cover what to do with the National Broadband Network when the rollout is completed, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle communications, energy efficient mobile ad-hoc network communications and a historical look at the Black Mountain Tower in Canberra. With the completion of the National Broadband Network rollout in coming years, there will be an opportunity for substantive wholesale telecommunications reforms to occur that will shape the telecommunications industry for decades to come. Central to this debate is the future of the National Broadband Network: it is important that this debate commence now, so that there will be time to explore the options and for the telecommunications industry, government, business and consumers to come to a consensus on what should happen next and what the expected outcomes of the wholesale telecommunications reforms should be. The Journal welcomes contributions.
5G Arrives
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

Papers in the December 2018 issue of the Journal include discussion on 5G security, what’s next for the National Broadband Network, a technical paper on the conflicts in routing and UAV autonomy, HTTP traffic flow load balancing and an insight into how the use of location information affects privacy. The history of Australian telecommunications paper on impressions of an overseas visit by a lines engineer provides an insight into how knowledge transfer improves with the opportunity to study telecommunications in Europe, North America and Australia. The Journal welcomes contributions.
An Artificial Immune System-Based Strategy to Enhance Reputation in MANETs
Authors: Jim Lincy Elizebeth , Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) the nodes act as a host as well as a router, thereby forming a self-organizing network that does not rely upon fixed infrastructure, other than gateways to other networks. Security is important for MANETs and trust computation is used to improve collaboration between nodes. This paper proposes an Artificial Immune System-based reputation (AISREP) algorithm to compute trust and thereby provide a resilient reputation mechanism. In this paper, the presence of selfish nodes are considered. Selfish nodes are known to enhance the reputation of their selfish peers which in turn causes packet loss. In the event of the packet being routed using the AISREP algorithm, even though the number of selfish nodes increases, this algorithm identifies the selfish nodes and avoids using the selfish nodes from the routing path thereby improving the overall performance of the network.
RESTAURANT TAX IN BANDUNG
Authors: Runiawati Nunung , Safa’atul Barkah Cecep , Irawati Ira , Hermawati Rina
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Culinary industry has enabled Bandung to be one of the favorite tourist destinations in Asia and culinary tourist destinations in Indonesia. The presence of the culinary industry, besides being able to increase the income of local people, also contributes to the increase in Local Own Revenues. This research aims to identify the potential of restaurant tax for local own revenues and the problem relating to the collection of restaurant tax in Bandung City.

Methodology: This research used quantitative descriptive and the qualitative method. The quantitative descriptive method was used for calculating the potential of restaurant tax, while the qualitative method with a case study approach was used for explaining the problems in managing restaurant tax. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and literature review.

Results: The result of this research is expected to be useful for determining the strategy for enhancing restaurant tax revenues of Bandung City. The research result shows that restaurant tax in Bandung City is one of local taxes potential for giving a contribution to Local Own Revenues of Bandung City, which is of 12.9% during the last three years.

Implications: Realization of restaurant tax during the last two years (2015-2016) has exceeded the target. It indicates that the potential of restaurant tax can be optimized. However, there are some difficulties in the collection of restaurant tax, there are some potential loss problems such as restaurants that do not pay up the tax according to the real potential of tax and some owners of restaurants (including catering) who have not yet been recorded as taxable subjects. It is also affected by the system of tax collection which is a self-assessment one. In the future, BPPD should improve law enforcement, tax audit, and tax collection in order to enhance local taxes from the restaurant sector.
Deformation mechanism of hardened cement paste under high stress and application of flow law
Authors: Sakai Yuya
Published: April 2019

In this study, a creep test was performed on hardened cement paste (HCP) with stepwise load increase at different confining pressures and saturation degrees. The strain rate–stress relationship, obtained under a stress of >75% of the maximum strength and plotted on a log–log chart, showed a slope of six. From previous studies on crystalline materials, such as rock, metal, and ice, it can be inferred that this slope indicates a deformation governed by dislocation creep. If dislocation creep occurs in HCP, the deformation may be governed by crystalline hydrates other than calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) because dislocation creep is generally not defined for gel materials. Further study and careful discussion are required because a slope of six is a necessary condition for the dislocation creep. The activation volume was evaluated, and the flow law was applied to calculate the strain rate of HCP. The obtained activation volume gives a better fit for the measured results than the previously reported values.
Między Żurawnem a Wiedniem. O potrzebie dalszych badań nad systemem stałej dyslokacji wojska koronnego w latach 1677–1683
Authors: Hundert Zbigniew
Published: April 2019

W okresie między dwiema wojnami Rzeczypospolitej z Imperium Osmańskim (1677–1683) wojsko koronne zajmowało stałe kwatery na pograniczu polsko-tureckim. Celem żołnierzy była ochrona nowych granic – po oddaniu Turcji Podola – i oszczędzenie ludności cywilnej przed przemarszami oraz stacjonowaniem wojska w głębi kraju. W ten sposób utworzono pierwszy system koszar wojskowych, a żołnierze sami trudnili się produkcją żywności na własne potrzeby. Ten utrwalony w pamiętnikach z epoki obraz wymaga jednak potwierdzenia lub weryfikacji, przede wszystkim w oparciu o zespoły archiwalne ze Lwowa i Mińska.
Kwestie wojskowe w polityce administracyjnej resortu spraw wewnętrznych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 1918–1926
Authors: Kozyra Waldemar
Published: April 2019

Resort spraw wewnętrznych był jedną z największych i najbardziej złożonych struktur administracyjnych II Rzeczypospolitej. Natomiast jego najważniejszym działem była administracja ogólna. Dlatego też, wykonywanie zadań administracji spraw wewnętrznych w zakresie spraw wojskowych zaprezentowane zostało poprzez działalność jej najważniejszego działu czyli administracji ogólnej, którą tworzyli wojewodowie i starostowie. Wykonywanie tych zadań odbywało się w kontekście obowiązującej w resorcie, w danym okresie historycznym, polityki administracyjnej. Do najważniejszych obszarów pracy resortu w kwestiach wojskowych należały, w pierwszej kolejności, zagadnienia poboru rekrutów do wojska, a w latach 1918–1920 zwalczanie propagandy antypoborowej prowadzonej przez ugrupowania wywrotowe (KPRP/KPP). Po zakończeniu wojny polsko-bolszewickiej w 1920 r. jego organy pracowały na rzecz zabezpieczenia podstaw bytowych tysiącom zdemobilizowanych żołnierzy. Wiele uwagi poświęcały problemom mobilizacji i jej osłonie oraz sprawom przysposobienia wojskowego. Działały też na polu tzw. biernej obrony przeciwlotniczej i przeciwgazowej, angażując w nią organizacje i stowarzyszenia społeczne. Wypłacały zasiłki dla rodzin poborowych oraz sierotom i wdowom po żołnierzach, którzy zginęli podczas I wojny światowej i wojny polsko-bolszewickiej. Resort spraw wewnętrznych, realizując przynależne mu zadania w kwestiach wojskowych, ściśle współpracował ze strukturami resortu spraw wojskowych, w szczególności z Ministerstwem Spraw Wojskowych, Sztabem Generalnym, dowództwami okręgów generalnych/dowództwami okręgów korpusów, dowódcami jednostek wojskowych (dywizji, pułków), powiatowymi komendami uzupełnień.
Możliwości wykorzystania metody przewodnikowej w badaniach nad ewolucją miejskiej przestrzeni turystycznej w krajach Maghrebu
Authors: Kałaska Maciej
Published: April 2019

Badania nad ewolucją przestrzeni turystycznej w miastach Maghrebu są utrudnione, ponieważ dostępność do danych zastanych jest ograniczona, a ich wiarygodność wątpliwa. Metoda przewodnikowa, opracowana przez S. LISZEWSKIEGO (1999), jest jednym ze sposobów, które umożliwiają analizę tej przestrzeni. Głównym celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie zalet i ograniczeń wykorzystania tej metody w analizie przemian miejskiej przestrzeni turystycznej w Maghrebie. W artykule przedstawiono wnioski z badań przeprowadzonych na próbie sześciu miejscowości w latach 2012–2014.
Rozwój zrównoważony w hotelarstwie – między teorią a praktyką w Polsce
Authors: Kapera Izabela
Published: April 2019

Celem autorki artykułu jest analiza stanu obecnego, możliwości i barier w implementacji koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju do praktyki hotelarstwa w Polsce. W artykule zaprezentowano to zagadnienie w oparciu o zarys kształtowania się oraz wdrażania koncepcji rozwoju zrównoważonego w odniesieniu do hoteli. Ukazano przykłady dobrych praktyk w zakresie wprowadzanie omawianych zasad, a następnie uwypuklono problemy związane z realizacją tej koncepcji w praktyce.