bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ Moral Sensitivity Regarding the Terminally Ill
Authors: Carmona González Yolima , Montalvo Prieto Amparo
Published: February 2020

Objective. The purpose, herein, was to determine the moral sensitivity of nurses when caring for terminally ill patients.Methods. Descriptive study conducted in the city of Cartagena (Colombia) with the participation of 118 nurses with minimum experience of six months in caring for the terminally ill in general hospitalization, caring for chronic patients, and intensive care units. The study used the 23-item questionnaire on Moral Sensitivity in Nursing Care – (Sensibilidad Moral en el Cuidado Enfermero -CuSMCE-23, in spanish) - by Campillo, which has six Likert-type response options (0 = total disagreement, to 5 = total agreement) and which has two dimensions: Nurse values (12 items) and Care responses (11 items). A higher score meant a higher degree of moral sensitivity.Results. It was found that 89.8% of the participants were women; 20.3% had a graduate degree; 39.8% had less than five years of care experience; 58.5% worked in a public institution – by type of service: 58.5% worked in general hospitalization; 32.2% in the intensive care unit; and 9.3% with chronic patients. The global moral sensitivity regarding the terminally ill in the study group was at 80%. By dimensions, while the Values dimension obtained 90%, the Care responses dimension only reached 70.4%, with the latter dimension showing difficulties in the items: ‘Often, when I am with a patient, I talk about myself to be more comfortable’ (27.1%), ‘It is hard for me to accept certain decisions by the patients’ (55.1%), and ‘It is hard for me to identify concerns regarding the religious expression’ (60.2%).Conclusion. Although the global levels of nurse’s moral sensitivity regarding the terminally ill and of the dimension Nurse Values are high, the dimension of Care responses has limitations, especially in accepting the diversity of expressions presented by patients Descriptors: nursing care, terminally ill, intensive care units; hospitalization; morals; ethics, nursing; surveys and questionnaires; cross-sectional studies. How to cite this article: Carmona Y, Montalvo A. Nurses’ Moral Sensitivity Regarding the Terminally Ill. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(3):e07.
Family orientation group as a strategy for care in chemical codependency
Authors: Peixoto da Silva Michele , Netto de Oliveira Adriane Maria , Arruda da Silva Priscila , Algeri Simone , Flores Soares Maria Cristina
Published: February 2020

Objective. To determine the importance of the family support group in the treatment of codependency, based in reports made by relatives of a therapeutic community for drug addicts. Methods. Study conducted in a therapeutic community for alcohol and other drug addicts in a city in the southern extreme of Brazil. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research with eight drug addict relatives. Data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews and the use of a field diary, focusing on the family orientation group as a space for the health promotion of family members of psychoactive substance users.  Results. Through discursive analysis, it was found that the family orientation group constitutes an important tool of educational character, capable of responding to the family demands of chemical dependence, as well as rethinking and modifying attitudes and characteristic behaviors of co-dependence. Conclusion.The support group is fundamental as a care strategy for codependent families, and may act more effectively when professionals are trained to intervene in the phenomenon of codependency.Descriptors: family; substance-related disorders; codependency (psychology); therapeutic community; family therapy; communication; qualitative research. How to cite this article: Silva MP, Oliveira AMN, Silva PA, Algeri S, Soares MCF. Family orientation group as care strategy in chemical codependency. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(3):e08.
Effect of castration and vitamin E supplementation on carcass and meat quality of Santa Inês lambs
Authors: Torres-Geraldo André , Sartori-Bueno Mauro , Da Costa Ricardo-Lopes-Dias , Harada-Haguiwara Marcia Mayumi , Regina-Cucatti Marcia , Gomes-da-Silva Marta , Issakowicz Juliano , Kocci-Sampaio Ana Claudia , Eri-Yotsuyanagi Suzana , Quirino Celia Raquel
Published: February 2020

Background: Carcass and sheep meat quality are influenced by several factors, such as race, age, slaughter weight, type of diet, and dietary supplementation. Objective: To evaluate the effect of castration and vitamin E supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and meat of lambs slaughtered at 45 kg. Methods: Thirty-two male lambs (16 castrated and 16 not castrated) were fed diets with or without the inclusion of vitamin E. The animals had an average age of 180 ± 20 days and a mean weight of 25.1 ± 4.6 kg. Performance was evaluated for 56 days, and the animals were slaughtered when reaching a weight of 45 kg. The experimental design was randomized blocks based on initial weights, and variables were assessed by a 2x2 factorial design (castrated and intact, supplemented or not with vitamin E, with a probability of 5%). Results: Higher proportion (p<0.05) of visceral fat was found in castrated animals (kidney: 2.45%, inguinal: 0.57% and omental: 4.96%) than in intact animals (kidney: 1.25%, inguinal 0.27%. and omental 3.12%). The aged meat samples showed no color differences for any of the treatments, but there were differences in shear force for steaks aged for 7 days, where the castrated animals showed an average of 2.64 kgf and intact animals showed an average 3.29 kgf. The animals supplemented with vitamin E had lower shear forces in non-aged samples. Conclusion: Castration increased deposition of visceral and fat coverage but did not influence the cut yields and total carcass yield. The animals supplemented with vitamin E had lower shear forces in non-aged samples.
Education for sustainable development: new opportunities with the rce network
Authors: Yurina Mariya V. , Lopukhova Yuliya V. , Kuznetsova Galina D.
Published: February 2020

The goals of sustainable development can not be achieved only through technological innovation, policy decisions and financial support. Education for sustainable development (ESD) makes it possible to deal constructively and creatively with current and future global challenges and to create a sustainable society. A special place in the global distribution of ESD is currently played by the network of Regional centres of expertise (RCE) established under the auspices of the UN University. The RSEs form a global network of formal and non-formal educational institutions and organizations to mobilize them in the field of ESD. Currently, this network includes more than 168 centers, two of which are located in Russia. According to the profiles of RCEs worldwide the main objective of their activities is consolidation of educational efforts of universities and different cultural and environmental institutions and organizations, together with the municipality, for increasing public awareness of sustainable development. The key partners of RCEs, the leading regional Universities, combined on one platform, are acting as an educational consortium, which is mainstreaming ESD by its appropriate integration in the curricula of formal education, from early childhood rearing to primary, secondary, technical and vocational and higher education, and also nonformal education initiatives, particularly through sustainability-related intended learning outcomes. The article summarizes the experience of RCEs in the field of ESD, highlights the most promising activities, forms of implementation of RCE projects together with universities, identifies the most urgent needs of educational institutions in the field of ESD. The authors of this article found themselves in a situation where after the merger of two regional universities the RCE previously hosted by one of them (RCE Samara, Russia) requires brand new start. Obviously there was a lack of a formal conceptual framework for development in the previous period. Thus, the article is an attempt to find new ideas and new ways of development for the existing center, to make it a leading example in Russia of the power of education for sustainable development, where people of all ages are given the knowledge and tools they need to assume responsibility for creating a better tomorrow and a sustainable future.
US POLICY AND DEMOCRACY CHALLENGES IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Authors: Tkach Anatoly
Published: February 2020

Formulation of the problem: In the article management problems are examined Geographic proximity has ensured strong linkages between the United States and Latin America and the Caribbean, based on diverse U.S. interests, including economic, political, and securityт concerns. The United States is a major trading partner and the largest source of foreign investment for many countries in the region, with free-trade agreements enhancing economic linkages with 11 countries.
Purpose of the research: The region is a large source of U.S. immigration, both legal and illegal; proximity and economic and security conditions are major factors driving migration. Curbing the flow of illicit drugs has been a key component of U.S. relations with the region for more than three decades and currently involves close security cooperation with Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. U.S. support for democracy and human rights in the region has been long-standing, with particular current focus on Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela.
The article analyzes the priorities of Administration of President Trump ordered U.S. withdrawal from the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, which would have increased U.S. economic linkages with Mexico, Chile, and Peru. President Trump criticized the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with Mexico and Canada as unfair, warned that the United States might withdraw, and initiated renegotiations; ultimately, the three countries agreed to a United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement in late September 2018. The proposed agreement, which requires congressional approval, largely leaves NAFTA intact but includes some updates and changes, especially to the dairy and auto industries. Administration actions on immigration have caused concern in the region, including efforts to end the deportation relief program known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and Temporary Protected Status (TPS) designations for Nicaragua, Haiti, El Salvador, and Honduras. President Trump unveiled a new policy in 2017 toward Cuba partially rolling back U.S. efforts to normalize relations and imposing new sanctions.
IDENTITY AS A PHENOMENON OF THE POSTMODERN AGE
Authors: Stepyko Mykhailo
Published: February 2020

This article has analyzed the influence of postmodern practices on the development and functioning of nation states, their culture and identity. It is shown that postmodernism is largely determined by the processes of globalization as the current defining civilizational progress, the content of which is the growing interconnection and interdependence of national economies, political and socio-cultural systems, as well as the identity of universalistic practices of regulating the activity of subjects of world-system relations in different spheres of being.
It was found that one of the problematic consequences of postmodernism is the radical transformation of traditional structures and principles of self-identification, both collective and personal wherever they happen, and whatever the institutional, cultural layers of society and patterns of behavior affect people. Close coexistence and even interpenetration of completely different, sometimes mutually exclusive, and sometimes simply disjointed value scales lead to total relativization of everything and everybody when even personal and collective identities lose the quality of metaphysical constants and are perceived as an unfinished project. That is why a person of the postmodern age is deprived of self-certainty. Therefore, there is a great need to rethink the content and consequences of postmodern practices of blurring traditional identities and the emergence of new ones, the role of the state in preserving and protecting the values, contents, ideals, cultural models and language that shape and reproduce the nation.
It is concluded that in post-totalitarian states of the European space (including Ukraine), processes of globalization and post-modern practices create two opposite tendencies. On the one hand, globalization unifies, internalizes and westernizes all aspects of society. On the other hand, in the way of bringing the elements of modern democracy into the life of the post-totalitarian state, globalization stimulates the processes of cultural and spiritual revival and the desire to form the collective «We», affirm its identity and individuality through consolidation around a common history, language, culture, values and orientations, life strategies. In Ukraine, it is also a consolidation of the efforts of all its citizens to repel Russian aggression, protect the sovereignty and independence of the state, integrate into European and Euro-Atlantic structures, achieve well-being for all citizens. Ukraine, as the newest unfinished civilization project, has all prospectives of avoiding the pitfalls of both «melting pot» and multiculturalism, as well as postmodern problems, since most of them have not yet attained a broad realization in its territory.
SOUND “L” CORRECTION FOR 5 – 6 YEARS OLD CHILDREN WITH INSUFFICIENT LANGUAGE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Barkane Evita
Published: February 2020

Work aim theoretical research of cognitions about sound “L” correction for 5 – 6 years old children, collect, make and recognise methodological material of sound “L” correction for childern with insufficient language system development at III level. Was Selected and analyzed literature about sound “L” correction among 5 – 6 years old children, about speech therapist work, about child’s language and speech development, was found out sound “L” pronouncation correction options for children with insufficient language system development at III level. Part was made questionnaire for speech therapists, to justify master’s work relevance. Author made situation research, made correction work, handle mathematically gained research data.Work author designed and recognised speech therapist methodical material about sound “L” correction for children with insufficient language system development at III level. Based on theoretical and research part scientific cognitions, was made speech therapist methodical material “Sound “L” pronouncation correction for 5 – 6 years old children with insufficient language system development at III level”. Methods used in the study: analysis of scientific literature; analysis of documents; questionnaire; observation; operational study; processing of statistical data; method of expert opinion.
PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORK WITH CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DISORDERS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Zeļenkova Ingrīda
Published: February 2020

From generation to generation, there are still very topical issues affecting the education system, the quality of its performance, the methods used and the forms of organization. In the 20th century inclusive education problems were studied in Europe and the United States. Several laws have been developed that increase the ability of children with special needs to receive quality education according to their needs and abilities.There are countries where inclusive education is seen as an approach to care for disabled children. But at international level, it is seen as a reform that supports diversity among all students (UNESCO, 2001).The aim of this study is to investigate the competence of pre-school education teachers in working with children with insufficient development of the language system, to develop and approbate a program for teacher competence development.The study summarizes the questionnaire data of pre-school teachers.Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used.The research results suggest that there is a need for regular improvement of teachers' competence in working with children with insufficient development of the language system.
SOCIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH MODERATE AND SEVERE MENTAL DISABILITY AT SPECIAL BOARDING SCHOOL
Authors: Gruzdiņa Ina
Published: February 2020

Primary school pupils with moderate and severe mental disabilities characterized by slow and peculiar development of cognitive processes, lack of will, interest and motivation, which makes it difficult to acquire social skills. Often, pupils with mental disabilities also experience autism spectrum disorders characterized by stereotypical behavior, lack of language communication and socialization. Considering the peculiarities of the development of pupils with moderate and severe mental disability and autism spectrum disorders, communication and socialization skills, as well as traffic accident statistics, the social skills of primary school pupils to adhere to the rules of safe behavior on the street and in public transport are becoming more important. There is a question - how to stimulate, interest students with moderate and severe mental disability and autism spectrum disorders in a more effective way in promoting the development of this social skill in a special boarding school environment based on the individual needs of students. The aim of the research is theoretically explore the possibilities of developing social skills for primary school pupils with moderate and severe mental disorders and autism spectrum disorders, to develop and test the importance of using interactive social photo stories in promoting social skills - safe behavior on the street.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA LITERACY AND TEACHING METHODS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF LATGALE
Authors: Kaļva-Miņina Inga , Murinska Sandra
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes how students and teachers value media literacy and its activities, and which are the most appropriate methods and study subjects for implementing media literacy in schools. Based on the results of a survey of secondary school students and teachers, the role of media literacy in education is evaluated and solutions for media literacy activities introduced in schools are provided.The results of the survey show that students and teachers seem to be interested in the topic of media literacy, and although there is enough information, there are certain topics on which they would like to talk / learn more. Respondents also emphasize the essential role of practical activities in mastering the topic of media literacy.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROGLIA IN THE POSTNATAL RAT STRIATUM
Authors: Antipova M V , Guselnikova V V , Korzhevskii D E
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of microglial cells in the rat striatum at different stages of postnatal development. Using immunocytochemical methods and fluorescent microscopy, brain sections were analysed at each of the following postnatal ages: day 7 (n = 4), day 14 (n = 3), 4 to 6 months (n = 3). Different morphological and functional types of microglial cells were identified and characterized in details. It was noted that microglia activated during normal brain development do not contain vimentin, which is characteristic of stroke-activated microglia.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LYSOZYME TOWARDS LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES AT VARIOUS MEDIUM CONDITIONS
Authors: Berlov M N , Legkovoy S V , Umnyakova E S , Kokryakov V N
Published: February 2020

The in vitro antimicrobial action of human leukocyte lysozyme from on gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes under various medium conditions was studied. It was shown that in a low ionic strength buffer (without NaCl), lower doses of lysozyme are required to reveal the microbicidal effect than in the case of 0.075 or 0.15 M NaCl. The bacterial growth phase does not significantly affect the antimicrobial activity of lysozyme. The results obtained are consistent with the two-stage mechanism of the antimicrobial action of lysozyme, which includes enzymatic and non-enzymatic action.
INFLUENCE OF SEMAX ON THE INTENSITY OF LIPID PEROXIDATION IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT ORGANS IN THE CONDITIONS OF “SOCIAL” STRESS
Authors: Samotrueva M A , Yasenyavskaya A L , Murtalieva V Kh , Myasoedov N F , Andreeva L A
Published: February 2020

This study is devoted to an experimental study of the effect of Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) on the intensity of lipid peroxidation of the thymus and spleen lipids of male rats under conditions of “social” stress. “Social” stress in animals was modeled by the formation of aggressive and submissive behavior of males in the conditions of distant sensory contact. The intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the thymus and spleen was determined by spectrophotometry using three indicators: the initial level of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBA-reactive products), the rate of spontaneous and induced by ascorbate and iron ions of LPO. “Social” stress is accompanied by an increase in peroxidation processes in immunocompetent organs, which contributes to the development of stress-induced functional disorders of the immune system. Against the background of Semax administration under “social” stress, its pronounced corrective effect on lipid peroxidation rates is observed, as evidenced by a decrease in spleen and thymus tissue homogenates of male rats in the initial level of TBA-reactive products, as well as spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent levels of lipid peroxidation.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CYTOKINE REGULATION AND CARTILAGINOUS TISSUE METABOLISM AT PRIMARY AND POST-TRAUMATIC OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Gladkova E V , Ivanov A N
Published: February 2020

Cytokine system and cartilaginous tissue metabolism of 27 women affected by 0-1 stage of primary and 19 women affected by 0-1 stage of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) have been studied as well as of 10 healthy persons of the control group. The enzyme-linked immunoassay method was used to determine the content of cartilage oligometric matrix protein (СOMP), cartilage glucoprotein (YKL-40), interleukins (ILs) 4 and 1β in blood serum, collagen fragments (CTX II) in urine. It was found that СOMP, CTX II, YKL-40 and IL-1β concentrations grew at more intensive rate in case of primary OA compared to post-traumatic OA. The diminution of correlation relationship strength in IL-1β serum concentrations is noted with the system level of cartilaginous tissue degradation products on the background of YKL-40 regulatory influence buildup which is more prominent with primary OA than it is with the post-traumatic one. Conclusions: early stages of primary OA are characterized by more prominent degenerative changes in the joint hyaline cartilage due to losses of type II collagen and hyperproduction of proinflammatory link cytokines with the background of YKL-40 regulatory influence buildup and reduction of the IL-1β influence. The changes of cartilaginous tissue metabolism with post-traumatic OA were characterized by preservation of dependence on IL-1β serum concentration with the background of reduction of YKL-40 influence.
MODULATION OF B-LYMPHOCYTES ACTIVITY BY CHOLINOTROPIC DRUGS BEFORE WATER-IMMERSION STRESS
Authors: Nezhinskaya G I , Krylova I B
Published: February 2020

The aim of the work was to study the effect of modulation of B-lymphocytes activity with cholinotropic drugs on the stomach damage caused by water-immersion stress (WIS). The work was performed on male Wistar rats. Atropine (2 mg/kg), methacin (2 mg/kg) and choline alfoscerat (90 mg/kg) were administered 14 days before the WIS which lasted for 5 hours. The number of antibody-producing cells (APC) in spleen and the content of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM in blood were determined. The rats injected with saline were served as the control. On day 14 after administration of methacin or choline alfoscerat, but not atropine, an increase in the APC content in the spleen was observed comparing with control. At the same time, there was a significant decrease in the number of gastric ulcers. Thus on the model of water-immersion stress (WIS), it has been shown that B-lymphocytes can serve as a new target for the action of cholinotropic drugs, and modulation of their activity can provide effective prevention against stress.
Effect of xenon on pain severity and adaptational status of neuro-oncological and oncogynecological patients
Authors: Popova N N , Zinkovich M S , Shikhlyarova A I , Zhukova G V , Rozenko L Ya , Protasova T P , Goncharova A S , Bragina M I
Published: February 2020

The severity of pain and changes in the adaptational status were studied in patients with brain metastases or cervical cancer receiving xenon therapy after whole brain radiotherapy or after radical hysterectomy. Hematological indicators of the nature and tensiton of general nonspecific adaptional reactions of the body (ARs) by Garkavi-Kvakina-Ukolova, the QLQ-C15 questionnaire and a 10-point graphic visual analogue scale for the assessment of the intensity of pain were used. Xenon caused concurrent reduce in the intensity of pain and improvement of characteristics of ARs in all studied patients. The results suggested an association between the analgesic effect of xenon and the normalization of neuroimmune processes and reduced damaging effects of special antitumor treatment on the body under the influence of xenon.
CLINICAL VALUE OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS
Authors: Lyubimova N V , Timofeev Yu S , Toms M G , Kharitidi T Yu , Vashketova O I , Kushlinski N E
Published: February 2020

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is a heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms that develop from cells of the diffuse endocrine system and found in any organ. A distinctive feature of NET is the ability to produce various biologically active peptides and amines. Currently, the most useful markers are the universal marker chromogranin-A (CgA) and specific markers serotonin and 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid (5-HIAA). The analysis of the clinical significance of the biochemical markers of NETs was carried out by comparative analysis of their levels in serum and urine of 339 NET patients and 66 healthy people. Determination of plasma CgA, serotonin in serum and 5-HIAA in daily urine was performed using standardized ELISA methods using the Chromogranin A ELISA kit (Dako), Serotonin ELISA and 5-HIAA ELISA (IBL) test-systems. The values of CgA, serotonin, 5-HIAA in patients with NET were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the corresponding control values. Assessment of the diagnostic significance of CgA, taking into account the cut-off level 33 U/l (with a specificity of 98.5%), showed high sensitivity in the general NET group - 80.9%. The serial determination of the marker reflected the effect of treatment. The progression free survival in different treatment regimens for patients with NET has been associated with basal levels of CgA. The medians of serotonin and 5-HIAA levels were maximal in patients with carcinoid syndrome, significantly exceeding the corresponding values in NET patients without clinical manifestations.The data indicate the possibility of using CgA, serotonin and 5-HIAA to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, evaluation of generalization and biological activity of NETs.
THE ROLE OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN THE FORMATION OF NEUROENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE DISORDERS DURING STRESS AND DISSTRESSE
Authors: Pesin Y M , Gabitov V K , Beisembaev A A , Potekhina Ya I
Published: February 2020

The aim of the research was studying the features of neurohumoral regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental diabetes mellitus. A model of diabetes mellitus was created by introducing 0.1% solution of epinephrine hydrochloride into animals. Biochemical parameters of carbohydrate metabolism (cortisol, C-peptide and glucose) were studied in 17 animals on day 0, 15, 21, 30, 45. On the same day morphofunctional changes formed in the pancreas and Nodi lymphatici pancreaticoduodenales were studied. With stress, there is an increase in cortisol and C-peptide and a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the blood. In distress cortisol secretion is reduced, and the production of C-peptide and glucose concentration in the blood increases. In the lymph nodes formed functional changes that led to a violation of cellular and humoral immunity in the body. Conclusion. The cause of diabetes is a failure in the work of self-regulating mechanisms of carbohydrate metabolism, which leads to dysregulation pathology of the autonomic nervous system, manifested by antagonism between adrenaline and cortisol, insulin and cortisol.
THE EFFECT OF ACUTE HYPEGLYCEMIA ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IN THE LIVER OF THE INVERTEBRATE MOLLUSK - LYMNAEA STAGNALIS
Authors: Shadenko V N , Sidorov A V
Published: February 2020

Comparison of dynamic changes of biochemical reactions in the liver and CNS of freshwater liver mollusc LYMNAEA STAGNALIS has been conducted. It has been conducted during incubation in the highly concentrated solution of glucose. The indicators of superoxiddismutase (SOD) activity, the level of renewed glutation (G-SH), Se-dependant glutation peroxidase (Se-GP) and TBA-active products were estimated and compared. Also for the tissues of the Central Neural System and tissues samples of liver it was found out by glucoseoxidate method the concentration of glucose in haemolymph of the investigated biological object in the conditions of hyperglycemia. A comparative estimation of the general protein concentration in both tissues was conducted. Resistance of the liver tissue to hyperglycemia and a reverse effect towards CNS was found out.
POLYMORPHISM OF INTERLEUKIN 10 IN PATIENTS WITH AN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME DEPENDING ON PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Authors: Stashkevich D S , Burmistrova A L
Published: February 2020

Irritable bowel syndrome, which is a common functional intestinal disorder, can be attributed to psychosomatic pathology, since it contains all three characteristic features of this group of diseases. The study assessed discrimination in the distribution of alleles and genotypes -1082G/A, 819C/T, -592C/A IL-10 in groups of patients with IBS with various psychopathological disorders. The peculiarities of the distribution of alleles and genotypes formed by the polymorphic site -592C/A IL-10 were identified. For groups of patients with “IBS with anxiety disorders” and “IBS with depressive syndrome”, the frequencies of the rare allele and its heterozygous genotype -592C/A were increased. According to the criterion of the odds ratio, prognostic significance was an increase in the carrier frequency only in the group of patients “IBS with anxiety disorders” (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.3-12.5). It has been established that the polymorphism -592C/A of the IL-10 gene was associated with the variant “IBS with anxiety disorders”.
NEUROEPITHELIAL BODIES OF THE RAT’S LUNGS IN EXPERIMENTAL ASTHMA
Authors: Syrczova M A , Korzhevskii D E
Published: February 2020

The epithelium of the respiratory tract of mammalian lungs contains pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, represented by both single cells and innervated clusters forming neuroepithelial bodies (NEB). Since NEB are intensively innervated and produce highly specific biologically active substances, such as the bronchoconstrictor serotonin, the level of which increases during hypoxia, it is assumed that these structures can play a key role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (BA).The purpose of this study was to the detection and analysis of NEB in the lungs with experimental BA.For the study, we used the lungs of sexually mature Wistar rats (n = 5). NEB was detected by monoclonal antibodies to synaptophysine.It has been found but that in the context of experimental asthma 76.6% NEB were located as part of a simple cuboidal epithelium of small bronchi and respiratory bronchioles. 17.6% of NEB were found in the composition of the epithelial layer and only 5.8% are single NEB in the composition of the epithelium of the small bronchi. At the same time, a greater number of NEB localized in the bronchi were composed of 6 cells (46.2%), 38.5% of 4 cells, and 15.3% of more than 10 cells in one cluster. As in our previous studies, most of the NEB were located in the vicinity of the synaptophysi-immunopositive terminals. Against the background of asthma occurred reduction in the number of large clusters NEB and increased concentrations of medium size of NEB. The results obtained indicate the effect of inflammation on the functional features of the neuroendocrine system of the lungs and the possible contribution of NEB to the inflammatory cascade in BA.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ADAPTATIONAL REACTIONS AND MALIGNANT SPREAD IN TUMORS OF VARIOUS LOCATIONS
Authors: Zhukova G V , Shikhlyarova A I , Gaziev U M , Zinkovich M S , Snezhko A V , Lazutin Yu N , Shevchenko A N , Bragina M I , Zhadobina A I
Published: February 2020

The character, intensity and quantitative indicator (QI) of general nonspecific adaptational reactions (AR) of the body were studied in patients with lung cancer (LC) or biliopancreatoduodenal cancer (BPDC) with various malignant spread. Poor AR characteristics were associated with the presence of metastases, but did not depend on the surgery volume. AR QI significantly differed depending on the metastatic status in patients with resectable LC receiving similar surgery treatment. AR QI in BPDC patients a day after radical pancreatoduodenal resection was higher than after bypass anastomosis. Thus, the studied AR characteristics demonstrated the state of systemic neuroimmune mechanisms of the nonspecific antitumor resistance of the body.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CHRONIC HEADACHES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Aleksandrova N V , Aleksandrov A V , Alekhina I Yu , Paramonova O V
Published: February 2020

Objective: to study the clinical and immunologica features of the manifestation of chronic pain in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with neurological symptoms.Methods. We examined 30 healthy individuals and 38 patients with SLE. Beck’s depression questionnaire was used to assess the presence of depressive symptoms. Antibodies to adenosine deaminase (anti-ADA), β2-glycoprotein-I-dependent antibodies to phospholipids of the IgG class (anti-FL) and antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) were determined in the serum of patients with SLE. Doppler sonography of the brachiocephalic arteries was performed for all patients with SLE.Results. Complaints about the presence of headaches of varying severity presented 35 people (92.1%). Migraine was recorded in 63.2% patients with SLE. Doppler ultrasound in patients with SLE with chronic headaches in 66.7% of cases showed signs of reduced blood flow in the arteries of the vertebrobasilar basin, which may indicate chronic brain ischemia. Signs of depressive disorder of varying severity were found in 36.8% of patients with SLE, and in patients with neurological disorders, moderate (p = 0.027) and severe (p = 0.041) depression were more often detected. Elevated levels of anti-ADA were found in 36.8%, and anti-FL in 44.7% of patients with SLE. It was noted that “migraine-like” manifestations of chronic pain syndrome were more common in the group of patients with SLE, who had a combined increase in anti-ADA and anti-FL (χ2 = 4.5; p = 0.024). Since a certain part of ADA is concentrated in the plasma membranes of vascular and platelet endothelium cells, it can be assumed that there is a conformational effect of anti-ADA on the β2-glycoprotein-I, leading to increased synthesis of anti-FL and undesirable activation of coagulation cascade in vessels.Conclusion. The combination of severe chronic headache with high levels of anti-ADA and anti-FL can precede the development of stroke and transient ischemic attacks, which emphasizes the need for additional immunological examination of patients with SLE with neurological symptoms.
RELATIONSHIP OF NERVOUS AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MERCURY INTOXICATION
Authors: Bodienkova G M , Lakhman O L , Boklazhenko E V , Kurchevenko S I , Katamanova E V
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the study was to identify the dependencies between the content of cytokines, neuronal antibodies and changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain in patients with neurointoxication with mercury, depending on the severity of the pathological process. Surveyed men with professional chronic mercury intoxication I-II degree - 17 people and 33 - with ChMI III degree. The serum ELISA was used to determine IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, INF-γ, and AT to nerve tissue proteins (NF-200, GFAP, S-100, MBP, MAG, B-end. Ca-canal, B2GP, DNA, Glu-R, GABA-R, DA-R, Ser-R, AH-R). Visual evoked potentials were evaluated on an electroencephalograph. As a result of the research, the peculiarities of the relationship between cytokines and neuronal antibodies, indicating the initiation or regulation of immunopathological reactions depending on the degree of ChMI, were revealed. When ChMI I-II Art. IL-1β hyperproduction was accompanied by an increase in AT to Ser-R, B-head Ca-channel and a decrease in AT to Glu-R. In patients with ChMI III degree a decrease in IL-1β is associated with increased production of antibodies to S-100, and a decrease in TNF-α with increasing antibodies to NF-200, GABA-R, GFAP. In patients with ChMI with high levels of antibodies to S-100, a more pronounced delay in the appearance of the response of the cortex to the visual stimulus, an increase in the latency of P200 was revealed. Thus, the obtained data confirm the complex functional relationships between the nervous and immune systems, the selectivity and selectivity of damage to the structures of the nervous tissue at various stages of ChMI, which can serve as unique biomarkers.
THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HUMAN ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS HERV-E λ 4-1 EXPRESSION IN BLOOD IMMUNE CELLS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Goldina I A , Markova E V
Published: February 2020

In order to investigate the function of human endogenous retrovirus HERV-E λ 4-1 in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, the comparative research of frequency of this retrovirus expression and mRNA level on different types of blood immune cells of progredient course multiple sclerosis patients have been conducted with using of the reverse - transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated on Ficoll density gradient centrifugations. Monocytes were separated by the adhesion to plastic Petri dishes. For the estimation of the mitogen-induced HERV-E λ 4-1 expression, blood mononuclear cells were incubated with adding of phytogemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen during 72 hours in CO2 incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Results of HERV-E λ 4-1 env gene expression estimation demonstrate that both monocytes and lymphocytes express HERV-E λ 4-1. The level of the HERV-E λ 4-1 env mRNA was higher in lymphocytes than in monocytes. The main source of HERV-E λ 4-1 in progredient course MS patients between blood immune cells are lymphocytes, especially B lymphocytes.
NEUTROPHILS’ FUNCTIONAL STATE IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Ivanov P A , Shmakova A A , Mikhailova N M
Published: February 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most widespread neurodegenerative disease of older age, which is associated with the deposition of amyloid-beta polymerized peptide (consisting of 42 amino-acid residues) in the brain. The microglial phagocytosis disturbance, which is observed during AD, is possibly the key factor in the process. The research of neutrophils in patients with AD is of special interest due to the pressing problem of finding peripheral markers of AD. Analysis of neutrophils’ functional state in patients with AD is the objective of the present study. A reliable decrease of neutrophils’ phagocytic activity was established in group of patients with AD in comparison with control group (p < 0,05) (PI = 1.16 [0.64; 2.68] and PI = 2.34 [2.06; 2.85], respectively). A reliable increase of leukocytic elastase (LE) enzymatic activity (p < 0.05) was discovered in neutrophil lysate in AD group compared to control (LE = 0.43 [0.29; 0.77] and 0.29 [0.26; 0.38], respectively) at the same time. Comparison of PI and LE indicators in neutrophils’ lysate of AD group showed negative correlation between these parameters (r = 0.49, p < 0.05), which means that phagocytosis reduction during AD is accompanied by simultaneous LE activity increase in lysate of these cells.The obtained results allow to draw a conclusion that neutrophils’ phagocytic activity decreases during AD. Thus, discovered changes in neutrophils’ functional state can be considered as a potential peripheral AD marker.
INFLAMM-AGING: THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE INFLAMMATION ROLE IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE PROGRESS
Authors: Kventoy I M , Linkova N S , Diatlova A S , Zuev V A , Kventaia T V
Published: February 2020

Inflamm-aging - the term, describes the development of chronic inflammation during aging without the infection pathology. It is supposed, that inflamm-aging is one of the reason of age-related pathology, partially, Alzheimer disease (AD). There were done comparative analysis of AD (Аβ42, τ-protein, р16) and inflammation (IL-6, TGFα, NF-kB) markers in hippocamp and blood lymphocytes in elderly and old people. It was shown, that expression of investigated signal molecules in hippocamp and lymphocytes of elderly and old AD people increased in comparison with people of control group (without neurodegenerative pathology). Thus, inflammation mediators play important role in AD pathogenesis and can be the potential target for neuropathology therapy.
GASTROINTESTINAL DYSFUNCTIONS AND PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN PARKINSON’S DISEASES
Authors: Miliukhina I V , Ermolenko E I , Ivanova A S , Gracheva E V , Kotyleva M P , Agapova E A , Suvorov A N
Published: February 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by α-synucleinopathy, which involves all districts of the brain-gut axis, including the central, autonomic and enteric nervous systems. Previous findings suggest that the intestinal microbiome is altered in PD and is related to motor phenotype. However how dysbiosis arises and whether this feature contributes to PD pathogenesis remains unknown. The aim was to evaluate gut microbiome and the serum cytokine profile in PD. We quantified serum interleukin (IL) levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ) in 55 PD patients. Study of the fecal samples was performed by real time PCR method and bacteriologically. Discovered the relationship between the intensity of dysbiosis and the level of proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ, IL-6.We show that disturbances in plasma cytokine level could be more profound in PD patients with altered composition of intestinal microbiota, which may explain the mechanism of influence of microbiota composition on the PD manifestations.
NEUROIMMUNE PATTERN IN THE COMORBIDITY BETWEEN DEPRESSION AND ALCOHOL USE DISORDER
Authors: Nevidimova T I , Davydova T V , Vetrile L A , Savochkina D N , Zakharova I A , Galkin S A
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study is to search for biomarkers of risk and prevention of the formation of alcohol dependence on the background of depression. Antibodies are evaluated for a number of neurotransmitters, the information content of which is confirmed by preliminary studies. Materials and methods. Autoantibodies to dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid were determined by ELISA in 60 controls and patients with depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Results. The level of antibodies to all studied neurotransmitters decreases with depression, especially complicated by alcoholism. An exception is the level of antibodies to serotonin, which increases with AUD and depression combined with AUD. Conclusion. It is assumed that this type of reaction may be a biomarker of the risk of alcoholism in depression.
HUBUNGAN PENGANEKARAGAMAN PANGAN DAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN KEJADIAN STATUS GIZI KURANG PADA BALITA UMUR 1-5 TAHUN (Studi Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kota Wilayah Utara Kota Kediri)
Authors: Wismaningsih Endah Retnani , Indrasari Oktovina Rizky , Andriani Rully
Published: February 2020

Abstract: Food’s diversification and exclusive breastfeeding’s provision are the risk factors which may cause malnutrition. Java health government’s data shows the prevalence of malnutrition was 18,4 % in 2007 17,9 % in 2010 12.6 % in 2012 and increase to 13.26 % in 2013. The purpose this research isthe was correlation between food’s diversification and exclusive breastfeeding’s provision with toddler’s malnutrition status aged 1-5 years old.This type of research is analytic survey using Total sampling techniques with total sample is 33. To analyze, this research used bivariate analyze using chi-square and multivariate analyze Multiple Linier Regression.From the result, the bivariate test show that toddler’s with no diversification were 6 time more risk of having malnutrition, and toddler’s with no exclusive breastfeeding were 7 time more risk of having malnutrition. From the multivariate test showed that there was significance correlation of 0,000<0.05 and R=78,8. The Conclution is there was strong correlation between food’s diversification and exclusive breastfeeding’s provision with toddler’s malnutrition status aged 1-5 years old. That is by 78.8 it that both independent variable’s showed have strong correlation with the status of malnutrition in toddlers aged 1-5 years.Keywords: food’s diversification, exclusive breastfeeding provision, malnutrition status, toddlerAbstrak: Penganekaragaman Pangan dan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat menimbulkan gizi kurang. Data Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Timur menunjukkan prevalensi gizi kurang yaitu sebesar 18,4% pada tahun 2007, 17,9% tahun 2010, 12,6% pada tahun 2012 dan meningkat pada tahun 2013 sebesar 13,6%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penganekaragaman pangan dan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian status gizi kurang pada balita umur 1-5 tahun. Jenis Penelitian adalah survey analitik dengan menggunakan teknik sampling total sampling dengan total sampel 33. Analisa yang digunakan analisa bivariat menggunakan Chi-Squaredan multivariat menggunakan Regresi Linier Berganda.Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukkan bahwa balita yang tidak mendapat penganekaragaman pangan berisiko 6 kali lipatmengalami gizi kurang dan balita dengan pemberian ASI yang tidak eksklusif lebih berisiko 7 kali lipat mengalami gizi kurang. Hasil analisa multivariat menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,000<0,05, dan nilai R=78,8. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa penganekaragaman pangan dan pemberian ASI eksklusif memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian status gizi kurang pada balita umur 1-5 tahun. Sebesar 78,8, hal ini menunjukkan variabel independen memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan kejadian status gizi kurang pada balita umur1-5 tahun.Kata kunci: penganekaragaman pangan, pemberian ASI eksklusif, status gizi kurang, balita