bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pneumothorax in Acute Neurologically Ill COVID-19 Positive Patients
Authors: Mishra Rajeeb K , Surve Rohini M , Kamath Sriganesh , Musunuru Mahendranath , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Malla Soumya R
Published: October 2023

Background:

Pneumothorax is reported as a complication of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The present report describes the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of pneumothorax in acute neurologically ill COVID-19 positive patients admitted to the COVID-19 neuro-intensive care unit (CNICU).

Methods:

In this retrospective study, pneumothorax was identified by reviewing chest radiographs of acute neurologically ill patients with and without associated COVID-19 admitted to the CNICU and non-COVID-19 NICU, respectively, from July to November 2020. The clinico-epidemiological characteristics of acute neurologically ill COVID-19 positive patients with pneumothorax are described.

Results:

The incidence of pneumothorax was 17% (8/47) in acute neurologically ill COVID-19 positive patients in the CNICU and 14.6% (6/41) in patients who received mechanical ventilation (MV). In contrast, the incidence of pneumothorax in acute neurologically ill non-COVID-19 patients admitted to the NICU was 3.7% (7/188) and 0.69% (1/143) in patients receiving MV.

Conclusion:

In our study, the incidence of pneumothorax was higher in patients with concomitant neurological and COVID-19 diseases than in acute neurologically ill non-COVID-19 patients managed during the same period in the ICUs.
Assessing quality of obturation and instrumentation time using Kedo-SG blue, Kedo-SH, and reciprocating hand K-files in primary mandibular molars
Authors: Sruthi S. , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Govindaraju Lavanya , Subramanian Emg
Published: October 2023

Background:

Pulpectomy is the treatment of choice for severely infected primary molars. The aim of the study is to evaluate the instrumentation time and obturation quality using Kedo SG blue, Kedo SH, and reciprocating hand K files in primary mandibular molars. To evaluate the instrumentation time and obturation quality using Kedo-SG blue, Kedo-SH, and reciprocating hand K-files in primary mandibular molars.

Materials and Methods:

A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on 45 mandibular molars and were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 15). Group I was instrumented using Kedo-SG blue pediatric rotary files, Group II with Kedo-SH pediatric hand files, and Group III with reciprocating hand K-files. Standardized digital radiographs were taken before and after root canal instrumentation. Root canal preparation time was also recorded. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done using SPSS software version 17.0. An intergroup comparison of the instrumentation time and the quality of obturation were done using ANOVA and Chi-square test with the level of significance set at 5%. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

No significant differences were noted with regard to the quality of obturation between the three groups (P < 0.14). However, a statistically significant difference was noted in the instrumentation time between the three groups (P = 0.000). Kedo-SG blue rotary file had significantly lesser instrumentation time when compared to that of Kedo-SH hand files and reciprocating hand K-files.

Conclusion:

On comparative evaluation, Kedo-SG blue pediatric rotary file showed a marked reduction in instrumentation time, followed by Kedo-SH pediatric hand files and reciprocating hand K-files.
The effect of different methods of cleansing temporary cement (with and without eugenol) on the final bond strength of implant-supported zirconia copings after final cementation: An in vitro study
Authors: Bajoghli Farshad , Fathi Amirhossein , Ebadian Behnaz , Jowkar Mohammad , Sabouhi Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

Background:

The temporary cement remaining inside the dental prosthesis can act as a source of microbial colonization and contamination and decrease the final cement retention. Consequently, complete removal of temporary cement before permanent cementation is suggested. This study aimed to assess the effect of different cleaning methods for removing temporary cement on the tensile bond force (TBF) of permanently cemented implant-supported zirconia copings.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study fifty titanium abutments were screwed onto 50 analogs with 30 Ncm torque into in acrylic resin blocks. Each abutment was scanned separately, and 50 zirconia copings were designed and milled. Permanent resin cement was used to cement copings of control group (N = 10). Copings were divided into two temporary cementation types that in each group, two cleansing methods were used: Temp-S (temporary cement with eugenol and sandblasted after debonding), Samples of the control group were placed in the universal testing machine, and the TBF values were recorded. Samples of the test groups after debonding and cleaning the abutments were subjected to cement with permanent resin cement, aging, and removing. Levene test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tamhane post hoc tests were applied. α = 0.05.

Results:

The highest and lowest TBF values were found for the TempNE-SU (554.7 ± 31.5 N) and Temp-S (492.2 ± 48 N) groups, respectively. The two groups of isopropyl alcohol baths in ultrasonics in combination with sandblasting showed statistically higher TBF values than the other two groups that used only sandblasting (P < 0.001) and had similar values compared to the control group.

Conclusion:

Sandblasting combined with immersion in an ultrasonic bath containing isopropyl alcohol resulted in statistically similar values to the values of cementation with resin cement from the beginning. However, cleaning the inside of the copings only by sandblasting method reduced the values of the final retention force in comparison to cement with permanent resin cement from the beginning.
The application of artificial neural networks in the detection of mandibular fractures using panoramic radiography
Authors: Shahnavazi Maryam , Mohamadrahimi Hosein
Published: October 2023

Background:

Panoramic radiography is a standard diagnostic imaging method for dentists. However, it is challenging to detect mandibular trauma and fractures in panoramic radiographs due to the superimposed facial skeleton structures. The objective of this study was to develop a deep learning algorithm that is capable of detecting mandibular fractures and trauma automatically and compare its performance with general dentists.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective diagnostic test accuracy study. This study used a two-stage deep learning framework. To train the model, 190 panoramic images were collected from four different sources. The mandible was first segmented using a U-net model. Then, to detect fractures, a model named Faster region-based convolutional neural network was applied. In the end, a comparison was made between the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of artificial intelligence and general dentists in trauma diagnosis.

Results:

The mAP50 and mAP75 for object detection were 98.66% and 57.90%, respectively. The classification accuracy of the model was 91.67%. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 100% and 83.33%, respectively. On the other hand, human-level diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 87.22 ± 8.91, 82.22 ± 16.39, and 92.22 ± 6.33, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our framework can provide a level of performance better than general dentists when it comes to diagnosing trauma or fractures.
Comparison of fracture resistance of primary incisor teeth restored with glass fiber post and reversed-oriented metal post – an in vitro study
Authors: Barghi Hamideh , Sharifi Samira
Published: October 2023

Background:

This in vitro study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of fiber post and reversed-oriented metal post in the restoration of severely decayed primary incisors.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, forty extracted human primary incisors were sectioned horizontally 1 mm above the CEJ and randomly divided into four groups – Group 1: Central incisors restored with reverse-oriented metal post, Group 2: Lateral incisors restored with reverse-oriented metal post, Group 3: Central incisors restored with fiber post, and Group 4: Lateral incisors restored with fiber post. The coronary portion of the teeth was then restored with nanohybrid universal composite. The fracture resistance was measured using universal testing machine. The type of fracture was determined by employing a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test. The level of significance was considered at P < 0.05.

Results:

The mean fracture resistance of glass fiber posts (208.00 ± 73.19) was higher than the reverse-oriented metal posts (190.37 ± 56.36); however, there was no significant difference between any of the groups (P = 0.353).

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that both types of posts studied in the present research can be successfully used in the restoration of severely damaged primary incisors.
Effect of pulsed corticosteroids and tocilizumab on hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Aslan Murat , Sabaz Mehmet Süleyman , Yilmaz Rabia , Aşar Sinan , Şeker Yasemin Tekdöş , Hergünsel Gülsüm Oya
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To compare the efficacy of pulsed-dose corticosteroids (≥250 mg methylprednisolone, 3 days) and tocilizumab in treating COVID-19-related hyperinflammation.

Methods:

This prospective observational study included RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, who were admitted to the COVID-19 Adult Intensive Care Unit of Prof Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey) between December 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021. Clinical, laboratory and radiological examinations were used to diagnose COVID-19 associated hyperinflammation. Three cohort groups were formed: the pulsed-dose corticosteroids group (250 mg methylprednisolone for 3 days), the tocilizumab group (8 mg/day single dose or 400 mg/day for 2 days), and the combined group (pulsed-dose corticosteroid+tocilizumab). The difference in mortality rates among the groups was compared primarily. The most common cause(s) of death was determined. Furthermore, adverse events (secondary infection, acute kidney injury, arrhythmia, gastrointestinal system bleeding) for 28 days were recorded.

Results:

A total of 60 patients were included in this study, with 20 patients in each group. There was no statistically significant difference between the 3 groups in mortality rates (55% in the pulsed corticosteroid group, 60% in the tocilizumab group, 50% in the combined group, χ2=0.404, P=0.817). Infectious causes were found to be the most common cause of mortality in all the three groups, and no difference was found between them (χ2=0.404, P=0.817). There was also no difference in the development of adverse events such as secondary infection, acute kidney injury, arrhythmia, and gastrointestinal bleeding among the groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:

Corticosteroids can be used instead of tocilizumab to treat hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Retransplantation for COVID-19-related lung graft failure: A case report of successful outcome in a critically ill lung transplant recipient
Authors: Ntiamoah Prince , Budev Marie , Turowski Jason , Lane Charles Randall , McCurry Kenneth R.
Published: October 2023

End-stage lung disease from nonrecovered COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome has become an increasingly frequent indication for lung transplant. Although reports of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) with COVID-19 suggest an increased risk for hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death, little is known about retransplant for COVID-19-related lung graft failure. In this manuscript, we present a 49-year-old man who received bilateral lung retransplantation for COVID-19-related lung graft failure, 7½ years after his initial transplant for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Our case suggests that retransplantation may be a viable option for critically ill LTRs with COVID-19-related graft failure, even in the presence of other organ dysfunction, provided that they are in good condition and have an immunologically favorable donor.
A pulmonary rehabilitation program reduces hospitalizations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A cost-effectiveness study
Authors: Toubes-Navarro Maria Elena , Gude-Sampedro Francisco , Álvarez-Dobaño José Manuel , Reyes-Santias Francisco , Rábade-Castedo Carlos , Rodríguez-García Carlota , Lado-Baleato Óscar , Lago-Fidalgo Raquel , Sánchez-Martínez Noelia , Ricoy-Gabaldón Jorge , Casal-Mouriño Ana , Abelleira-Paris Romina , Riveiro-Blanco Vanessa , Zamarrón-Sanz Carlos , Rodríguez-Núñez Nuria , Lama-López Adriana , Ferreiro-Fernández Lucía , Valdés-Cuadrado Luis
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:

Although pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a scarcity of data demonstrating the cost-effectiveness and effectiveness of PR in reducing exacerbations.

METHODS:

A quasi-experimental study in 200 patients with COPD was conducted to determine the number of exacerbations 1 year before and after their participation in a PR program. Quality of life was measured using the COPD assessment test and EuroQol-5D. The costs of the program and exacerbations were assessed the year before and after participation in the PR program. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

RESULTS:

The number of admissions, length of hospital stay, and admissions to the emergency department decreased after participation in the PR program by 48.2%, 46.6%, and 42.5%, respectively (P < 0.001 for all). Results on quality of life tests improved significantly (P < 0.001 for the two tests). The cost of PR per patient and the cost of pre-PR and post-PR exacerbations were €1867.7 and €7895.2 and €4201.9, respectively. The PR resulted in a cost saving of €1826 (total, €365,200) per patient/year, and the gain in QALYs was+0.107. ICER was −€17,056. The total cost was <€20,000/QALY in 78% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS:

PR contributes to reducing the number of exacerbations in patients with COPD, thereby slowing clinical deterioration. In addition, it is cost-effective in terms of QALYs.
Algorithmic approach in the management of COVID-19 patients with residual pulmonary symptoms
Authors: Guri Albina , Groner Lauren , Escalon Joanna , Saleh Anthony
Published: October 2023

Coronavirus-19 emerged about 3 years ago and has proven to be a devastating disease, crippling communities worldwide and accounting for more than 6.31 million deaths. The true disease burden of COVID-19 will come to light in the upcoming years as we care for COVID-19 survivors with post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) with residual long-term symptoms affecting every organ system. Pulmonary fibrosis is the most severe long-term pulmonary manifestation of PCS, and due to the high incidence of COVID-19 infection rates, PCS-pulmonary fibrosis has the potential of becoming the next large-scale respiratory health crisis. To confront the potentially devastating effects of emerging post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis, dedicated research efforts are needed to focus on surveillance, understanding pathophysiologic mechanisms, and most importantly, an algorithmic approach to managing these patients. We have performed a thorough literature review on post-COVID-19 pulmonary symptoms/imaging/physiology and present an algorithmic approach to these patients based on the best available data and extensive clinical experience.
Challenges in Diagnosing Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly Syndrome: Case Report of a Rare Condition
Authors: Suparman Erna , Suparman Eddy , Sondakh Edwin Alexander Immanuel
Published: October 2023

Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome is a very rare type of Müllerian duct anomaly. Cases of OHVIRA syndrome have varied clinical manifestations. We report the case of a 15-year-old virgin with endometrial cyst and OHVIRA syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome. A salpingo-oophorectomy laparotomy was performed, but the patient refused to perform a septotomy or vaginal septal resection. We compared the cases of OHVIRA syndrome that we found with several other reports. The complaints of patients with OHVIRA syndrome may vary from one another, with different histories. Imaging investigations can confirm the diagnosis. The main treatment in OHVIRA syndrome is intended to alleviate symptoms that appear.
The use of innovative cost-saving audience response system in orthodontic case-based learning
Authors: Turkistani Khadijah A.
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To provide a cost-saving innovative audience response system (ARS) that permits typing texts and compare its efficiency to the paper-based method in case-based learning (CBL).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Orthodontic clinical cases were presented to 149 undergraduate dental students for discussion among teammates. Responses were collected using ARS-based and paper-based. ARS was constructed from an online survey platform (Google forms) then QR code was created for easy and fast access. Students used their cellphones to scan code, view questions, discuss, type, and submit answers within 10 minutes. Feedbacks were collected using a feedback survey. Outcome measures included the number of words, spelling mistakes, time required by the instructor to read submissions, and activity time compliance.

RESULTS:

The average number of words submitted by females in ARS-based 47 ± 8 was significantly higher than 35 ± 16 paper-based, and male ARS-based 36 ± 18 (P < 0.05). ARS-based submissions required significantly less time to read compared to paper-based among whole group, females, males (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001), respectively. Spelling mistakes were lower 1 ± 1 in ARS-based compared to paper-based 2 ± 2. The ARS-based first submission was (-4.28) minutes before the deadline, while paper-based last submission was (+2.19) minutes after (P < 0.05). ARS-based submissions were 12.5 seconds faster to read than paper-based (P < 0.001). Out of 56.4% of respondents, 63.1% preferred using ARS-based and 80% agreed that it provided immediate feedback, with high overall satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS:

This innovated ARS was found to facilitate CBL. It is superior in time and cost-saving to paper-based and other ARSs. It could be useful in distance learning especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Novel surgical technique for macular holes with basal diameter >1000 μ
Authors: Chakraborty Debdulal , Mondal Soumen , Sengupta Sabyasachi , Boral Subhendu , Das Arnab
Published: October 2023

Closure rate of full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) with basal diameter >1000 μ is known to be poor. Patients presenting with FTMH having a minimum basal diameter of >1000 μ without any coexistent retinal morbidity were offered vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, retinal massage, and aspiration of subretinal fluid from the MH. Visual acuity (VA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) assessments were performed at baseline, week 1 after surgery and at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12. VA, type of hole closure, presence of ellipsoid zone, and external limiting membrane defect were monitored. The primary endpoint was type 1 anatomical hole closure. Secondary outcome measure was a change in VA from baseline to 6-month follow-up and persistent hole closure at the final follow-up of 12 months. The mean age was 67.1 ± 9.1 years. Seven eyes were pseudophakic, and two underwent combined phacoemulsification with MH surgery. The mean minimum basal diameter of FTMH was 1162.4 ± 161 μ. The mean duration of visual loss was 11.3 ± 1.93 months. Type 1 closure of FTMH was seen in all patients on SD OCT, on the 7th postoperative day. The mean presenting VA was 1.06 ± 0.1 Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). Best-corrected visual acuity improved to 0.91 ± 0.09 logMAR at 1-month follow-up (P = 0.005) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.061–0.251), 0.63 ± 0.1 logMAR (P < 0.001) (95% CI 0.339–0.527) at 3 months, and 0.55 ± 0.05 logMAR (P < 0.001) (95% CI 0.414–0.609) at 6 months. All holes were found closed at the final follow-up of 12 months. This novel technique can help achieve better outcomes and raise the primary anatomical success rate of FTMH with basal diameter >1000 μ.
A study on thyroid function assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease: An investigative analysis
Authors: Mukherjee Nilanjan , Borphukan Sawjib , Gogoi Girindra Nath
Published: October 2023

Background:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and thyroid dysfunction often coexist, and understanding their relationship is crucial for diagnosis and management. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to explore the prevalence, clinical significance, and implications of thyroid function abnormalities in CKD patients, providing valuable insights for improving patient care and outcomes.

Methods:

This observational cross-sectional study included 46 CKD patients undergoing conservative management at Aditya Hospitals and Diagnostics, Dibrugarh, from July 2021 to July 2022. Participants met predefined inclusion criteria and provided informed consent. Exclusion criteria encompassed active treatment with dialysis or kidney transplantation, nephrotic-range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, acute illness, diabetes mellitus, recent surgery, trauma, burns, liver diseases, and medications affecting thyroid function.

Results:

The study involved 31 male (67.39%) and 15 female (32.60%) CKD patients aged 19 to 69 years. CKD symptoms' duration ranged from 4 to 30 months (mean 9.8 months). Serum T3 levels ranged from 0.2 to 2.0 ng/ml (mean 0.67 ng/ml), T4 levels from 0.9 to 8.5 μg/dl (mean 5.7 μg/dl), and TSH levels from 0.6 to 38 μIU/ml (mean 6.5 μIU/ml). Hypothyroidism symptoms were observed in 31 patients (67%). Low T3 syndrome was found in 27 patients, low T4 syndrome in 11 patients, and hypothyroidism in 3 patients.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that the incidence of low T3 syndrome increased with age and CKD severity. Patients with lower GFR exhibited decreased serum T3 levels. Interestingly, in patients with low T3 syndrome, TSH values remained within the normal range and did not correlate with GFR. The findings suggest that low T3 levels in CKD may play a protective role in protein conservation. This investigation sheds light on the complex relationship between thyroid function and CKD, emphasizing the need for regular thyroid assessments in CKD patients for better management and improved clinical outcomes. Early identification and appropriate intervention for thyroid abnormalities in CKD may contribute to optimizing patient care and overall well-being.
The second fundamental form of the real Kaehler submanifolds
Authors: Chion Sergio , Dajczer Marcos
Published: October 2023

Let
$f\colon M^{2n}\to \mathbb {R}^{2n+p}$
,
$2\leq p\leq n-1$
, be an isometric immersion of a Kaehler manifold into Euclidean space. Yan and Zheng (2013, Michigan Mathematical Journal 62, 421–441) conjectured that if the codimension is
$p\leq 11$
, then, along any connected component of an open dense subset of
$M^{2n}$
, the submanifold is as follows: it is either foliated by holomorphic submanifolds of dimension at least
$2n-2p$
with tangent spaces in the kernel of the second fundamental form whose images are open subsets of affine vector subspaces, or it is embedded holomorphically in a Kaehler submanifold of
$\mathbb {R}^{2n+p}$
of larger dimension than
$2n$
. This bold conjecture was proved by Dajczer and Gromoll just for codimension 3 and then by Yan and Zheng for codimension 4. In this paper, we prove that the second fundamental form of the submanifold behaves pointwise as expected in case that the conjecture is true. This result is a first fundamental step for a possible classification of the nonholomorphic Kaehler submanifolds lying with low codimension in Euclidean space. A counterexample shows that our proof does not work for higher codimension, indicating that proposing
$p=11$
in the conjecture as the largest codimension is appropriate.
$SU$-linear operations in complex cobordism and the $c_1$-spherical bordism theory
Authors: Panov Taras Evgenievich , Chernykh George
Published: October 2023

We study the $SU$-linear operations in complex cobordism and prove that
they are generated by the well-known geometric operations $\partial_i$.
For the theory $W$ of $c_1$-spherical bordism, we describe all
$SU$-linear multiplications on $W$ and projections $MU \to W$. We also
analyse complex orientations on $W$ and the corresponding formal group
laws $F_W$. The relationship between the formal group laws $F_W$
and the coefficient ring $W_*$ of the $W$-theory was studied
by Buchstaber in 1972. We extend his results by showing that for any
$SU$-linear multiplication and orientation on $W$, the coefficients
of the corresponding formal group law $F_W$ do not generate the ring $W_*$,
unlike the situation with complex bordism.
Determination of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Exposure in Two Ethiopian Communities and Its Relationship to Duffy Expression
Authors: Bradley Lauren , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Hemming-Schroeder Elizabeth , Embury Paula , Lee Ming-Chieh , Zemene Endalew , Degefa Teshome , King Christopher , Kazura James , Yan Guiyun , Dent Arlene
Published: October 2023

Despite historical dogma that Duffy blood group negativity of human erythrocytes confers resistance to Plasmodium vivax blood stage infection, cases of P. vivax malaria and asymptomatic blood stage infection (subclinical malaria) have recently been well documented in Duffy-negative individuals throughout Africa. However, the impact of Duffy negativity on the development of naturally acquired immunity to P. vivax remains poorly understood. We examined antibody reactivity to P. vivax and P. falciparum antigens at two field sites in Ethiopia and assessed Duffy gene expression by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the GATA-1 transcription factor–binding site of the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) gene promotor region that is associated with silencing of erythroid cell transcription and absent protein expression. Antibodies to three of the four P. vivax blood stage antigens examined, RBP2b, EBP2, and DBPIISal-1, were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in Duffy-negative individuals relative to Duffy-positive individuals. In stark contrast, no clear pattern was found across Duffy-negative and Duffy-positive genotypes for P. falciparum antibodies. We conclude that lack of erythroid Duffy expression is associated with reduced serologic responses, indicative of less naturally acquired immunity and less cumulative exposure to blood stage P. vivax parasites relative to Duffy positive individuals living in the same communities.
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Structures Inside Internal
Combustion Engines Using Large Eddy Simulation Method
Authors: Aghamohamadi Negin , Khaleghi Hassan , Razaghi Majid
Published: October 2023

Using two subgrid-scale models of Smagorinsky and its dynamic version, large eddy
simulation (LES) approach is applied to develop a 3D computer code simulating
the in-cylinder flow during intake and compression strokes in an engine geometry
consisting of a pancake-shaped piston with a fixed valve. The results are
compared with corresponding experimental data and a standard K-Ɛ turbulence
model. LES results generally show better agreement with available experimental
data suggesting that LES with dynamic subgrid-scale model is more effective
method for accurately predicting the in-cylinder flow field. Representative Fiat
engine equipped with moving valve and piston bowl is analyzed as the second case
to assess the capability of the method to handle complex geometries and impacts
of geometrical parameters such as shape and position of piston bowl together
with swirling intake flow pattern on both turbulent structure of in-cylinder
flow and engine performance using dynamic version of LES approach over a
curvilinear computational meshed geometry. Results indicate that presence of
piston bowl leads to eye-catching increment in both turbulent kinematic energy
and tumble ratio amounts at the end of compression stroke by around 29% and 33%,
respectively. The optimum swirl ratio found to be 4, leading to 67.9% increment
in pre-injection turbulent kinetic energy in comparison with non-swirl pattern,
whereas 20% eccentricity of cylinder bowl just led to 2% improvement in the
pre-injection turbulent kinetic energy, which is not recommended due to small
impact compared to noticeable manufacturing expenditures.
AS23053/12 Heat Shrink Sleeving Specification Change from Dielectric Strength to Breakdown Voltage
Authors:   AE-8D Wire and Cable Committee
Published: October 2023

Establish justification for the use of breakdown voltage for product electrical properties instead of calculated dielectric strength.
Elastomer: Fluorosilicone Rubber (FVMQ), Fuel and Oil Resistant, High Strength, 45 – 55 Shore A Hardness, For Products in Fuel Systems / Lubricating Oils
Authors:   AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Published: October 2023

This specification covers a high strength fluorosilicone (FVMQ) elastomer that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes. This specification should not be used for molded rings, compression seals, molded O-ring cord, and molded in place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate 29Fe - 22Cr - 21Ni - 18.5Co - 3.2Mo - 2.8W - 0.78Ta - 0.30Al - 0.05Zr - 0.05La - 0.20N (HS-556) Solution Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: October 2023

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
Steel Bars 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 to 0.33C) (SAE 4130) Aircraft Quality Hardened and Tempered, 125 ksi (862 MPa) Tensile Strength
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: October 2023

This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of heat-treated bars 1.50 inches (38.1 mm) and less in diameter or least distance between parallel sides.
Euclidean lattices: theory and applications
Authors: Fukshansky Lenny , Hollanti Camilla
Published: October 2023

In this editorial survey we introduce the special issue of the journal
Communications in Mathematics on the topic in the title of the article. Our
main goal is to briefly outline some of the main aspects of this important area
at the intersection of theory and applications, providing the context for the
articles showcased in this special issue.
Locality and Centrality: The Variety ZG
Authors: Amarilli Antoine , Paperman Charles
Published: October 2023

We study the variety ZG of monoids where the elements that belong to a group
are central, i.e., commute with all other elements. We show that ZG is local,
that is, the semidirect product ZG * D of ZG by definite semigroups is equal to
LZG, the variety of semigroups where all local monoids are in ZG. Our main
result is thus: ZG * D = LZG. We prove this result using Straubing's delay
theorem, by considering paths in the category of idempotents. In the process,
we obtain the characterization ZG = MNil \vee Com, and also characterize the ZG
languages, i.e., the languages whose syntactic monoid is in ZG: they are
precisely the languages that are finite unions of disjoint shuffles of
singleton languages and regular commutative languages.
The Influence of Leadership, Quality Culture, and Job Satisfaction on Commitment in Implementing Quality Assurance Policies
Authors: Damanik Suryadi , Suprayitno Suprayitno , Mesnan Mesnan , Nasution Usman
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the influence of leadership on commitment in implementing quality assurance policies, the influence of quality culture on commitment in implementing quality assurance policies, the effect of job satisfaction on commitment in implementing quality assurance policies, the influence of leadership and quality culture on job satisfaction and commitment in implementing quality assurance policies at Universitas Negeri Medan, Indonesia. The research sample is 202 lecturers. The research instrument used was a questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using Path Analysis. From the result of the study, it was found that there was a significant influence of leadership variables on job satisfaction. Quality culture has a positive effect on job satisfaction. Leadership has a positive effect on commitment to implementing quality assurance policies. Quality culture has a positive effect on commitment to implementing quality assurance policies, and job satisfaction also has a positive effect on commitment to implementing quality assurance policies. Taken together, leadership, quality culture, and job satisfaction positively affect commitment to implementing quality assurance policies.
Cultural Awareness Through Music Study: Fostering Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Higher Education Vocal Music Curriculum
Authors: Boddie Susan
Published: October 2023

The educational research study explored ways to bring history into musical art fostering a deeper attentiveness to diversity, equity, and inclusivity in higher education music studies in North America. It explored the historic narrative of the Indigenous Beothuk people of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada through music. The study focused on the opera Shanawdithit by Canadian composer Dean Burry, and Indigenous Canadian librettist, Yvette Nolan as an example of how music curriculum can be reconsidered and reimagined. The anthropological and archeological history of the Indigenous Beothuk people - as was taught in Canadian history was filtered through a Western European lens. The musical work reconceptualized the story of Shanawdithit - considered the last of the Beothuk people in Newfoundland and was told from an Indigenous perspective. As well, other notable works by Canadian Indigenous will be presented in this study. As both Canada and the United States explore Indigenous reconciliation, bringing works of underrepresented composers to higher education music study and performance offers a means to foster DEI and more cultural awareness in North American arts curriculum.
Self-learning by Using Code-Based Games: An Easy Way to Learn Biomolecule’s Nomenclature
Authors: Centelles Josep Joan , Moreno Estefania , De Atauri Pedro R.
Published: October 2023

The Montessori method was an educational model devised at the beginning of the 20th century by the Italian pedagogue, physician, psychologist, and psychiatrist María Montessori (1870-1952). She observed that her students activated their intelligence and developed their personality by carrying out manual activities. In recent years, one of the activities that she used, gamification, is currently booming in teaching. Games based in words or letters are often used in language learning, either in presential lessons or in mobile applications. In our teaching innovation group (GINDOC-UB/180), we proposed to adapt those word games using codes so that students could achieve a self-learning on the nomenclature of biomolecules, thus improving their knowledge in metabolism. These code-based games were proposed to Biochemistry students at the Chemistry degree of the Universitat de Barcelona. Games were posted on the Virtual Campus using Moodle. A code is part of a communicative system, and it is defined as a set of elements that allows a message to be decoded. In biochemistry, the best-known code is the genetic code that translates 3 nucleotides to an amino acid. The code allows the students to see that it is a degenerated code, and it was the first code-based game used. Nevertheless, only 20 amino acids are involved, and some letters are missing. Thus, we also used other codes such as numeric codes, Morse code, Braille system code, or codes from other alphabets (Japanese katakana or hiragana, Cyrillic alphabet, Arabic alphabet, or runic alphabet). In this work some examples of the games that can be proposed to the students are shown. Proposed games were highly valued by students and allowed a self-learning on the proposed biomolecules. Games based on the genetic code were easier and more enjoyable for the students to solve, and they provided them with additional biochemical knowledge of protein translation.
A New Mode of Interaction to Explore All-sky Maps in Multiple Wavelengths
Authors: Choudhury Krishnendu , Bagchi Manash
Published: October 2023

As the Museums and Interactivity-oriented Science Centres of the world are reinventing themselves more as creators of culture than just conservators of culture, they are getting keener to explore how various data retrieval and HCI technologies can symbiotically fit into the methods of museology. Museums, since their advent, have used spatial and temporal scanning to present stories that evolve either over time or through space. But these have always remained static timelines that are limited in content, lack interactive exploration, and miss any metaphorical interaction that allows one to have the experience of physically scanning a space or a timeline. In this work, we report how a new HCI technology was used to retrieve all-sky map data and present the multi-wavelength view of the universe to the uninitiated visitor having no skill to navigate through sophisticated astronomy instruments. We describe an intuitive interface that takes no training and learning for the visitors to operate. They can start analyzing multi-wavelength all-sky maps of our galaxy in no time – exactly as professional astronomers do. Stressing upon the ease of usability, reliability of data, and fail-safe operation, visitors are given access to additional layers of information that can be presented in myriad options chosen by the visitor. They can compare thin slices of galactic images in various wavelengths and look for essential radiation sources that are otherwise not apparent in the naked eye or simple optical observations. The public exhibit was based on duplex data communication between a computer and a PIC microprocessor controller using IEEE 1284 parallel port in ECP mode thus making it a generic technology for interactive displays.
Curricular Freedom in the Contemporary Sociopolitical Context of the United States
Authors: Koss Melanie D. , Paciga Kathleen A.
Published: October 2023

Using a mixed-methods approach, this study uses an Internet survey to investigate the curricular freedom reported by Prekindergarten through Grade 8 teachers in the United States concerning the inclusion of children's literature into their classrooms and curriculum, particularly in the current sociopolitical climate. Drawing upon Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, survey responses were analyzed based on the four levels of the ecological model (micro, meso, exo, and macro systems). To account for regional variations existing at the sociopolitical macro level, the study's findings were organized according to the five geographical regions of the United States: Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, and West. Analysis indicated distinct variation in the patterns of the responses across the geographical regions, aligned with the dominant political ideology of their state. Responses of teachers from the Northeast and West were heavily influenced by events and experiences at the national level, whereas teachers from the Southeast and Southwest focused on matters concerning individual, local, and state issues. Teachers from the Midwest, a politically mixed region, least frequently commented on issues related to censorship, a trend noted in the other four regions.
Assessing the Levels of Knowledge of Personal Data Protection among Students
Authors: Mailok Ramlah , Hassan Haslina , Said Che Soh , Hashim Mashitoh
Published: October 2023

Over recent years, the sharing of personal data among students is uncontrolled, especially on the social media networks, resulting in widespread data intrusions that compromise their privacy and confidentiality. Against this backdrop, this study was conducted to identify the level of knowledge of personal data protection among students. This research design of this study was based on a quantitative approach using a survey. The sample study was made up of 133 students at a public university in the state of Perak, consisting of 62 males and 71 females, aged between 17 and 24 years. The research instruments used were based on a set of multiple choice questions to gather information relating to their demographic and their levels of knowledge of personal data protection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test. The former showed that the respondents’ levels of knowledge of personal data protection were moderate, while the latter showed there was no significant difference in the levels of such knowledge between male and female respondents. Given this revelation, it is imperative for all stakeholders to increase the efforts to improve users’ knowledge of personal data protection through either the formal education or informal education.
Enhancing Asynchronous Online Learning with Mobile Augmented Reality Application: A Case Study in Higher Education Business Courses
Authors: Hyttinen Mikko , Suhonen Jarkko
Published: October 2023

This case study outlines the development and utilization of a Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) application to teach an asynchronous online lesson on e-commerce. The MAR technology was leveraged primarily to enhance the presentation of online learning materials, add interactivity to the learning process, and enable students to access the lesson from anywhere via their ubiquitous mobile devices. Two groups, comprising a total of 105 business students, participated in the online lesson during the COVID pandemic. Students' experiences of the implementation were captured through an online survey to find out how the MAR technology was perceived, and what were the benefits and challenges of using the technology. This study contributes to the research on the use of augmented reality in education and offers practical recommendations for teachers to consider when designing and implementing MAR online lessons, including the importance of learner-centered design, careful guidance on technology use, and encouragement of student interaction. The study concludes that augmented reality is a useful tool for improving learning materials and asynchronous online learning practices and MAR applications can be effective for learning with compact materials and micro-credentials.
Domates Yapraklarında Hastalık Tespiti İçin Transfer Öğrenme Metotlarının Kullanılması
Authors: KILIÇARSLAN Serhat , PACAL Ishak
Published: October 2023

Günümüzde, tarımsal faaliyetlerin verimli hale getirilmesi için her gün birçok araştırma yapılmaktadır. Dünya genelinde kişi başı domates tüketimi, yılda yaklaşık olarak 20 kg ile ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle domates üretiminde oluşabilecek hastalıkların tespiti üreticiler için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Hastalıkların çoğu domates yaprağı temelli olduğu için, domates yaprağının sağlıklı olması, elde edilecek ürünlerinde verimliliğinin artması ve sonuç olarak yüksek bir hasat getirir. Bu yüzden domates yaprağında oluşabilecek hastalıkların erken ve hızlı şekilde tespit edilmesi, domates üretiminde büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, domates yaprağında meydana gelen hastalıkları tespit edebilmek için DenseNet, ResNet50 ve MobileNet mimarileri kullanılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçların karşılaştırılması için hata, doğruluk, kesinlik, f1-skor ve duyarlılık metrikleri dikkate alınarak değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Deneysel sonuçlarda en iyi performans DenseNet modeli ile sağlanmış ve sırasıyla 0.0269 hata, 0.9900 doğruluk, 0.9880 kesinlik, 0.9892 f1-skor ve 0.9906 duyarlılık sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlara göre derin öğrenme modelleri domates yaprağı hastalıklarının sınıflandırılmasında yüksek bir başarım ve güvenilirlik sunduğu görülmüştür.
Solar Sulama Sistemleri için MPPT tabanlı Üç Fazlı Evirici Tasarımı
Authors: ÇAYIR Muzaffer , ÖZBAY Harun
Published: October 2023

Günümüzde fosil kaynaklı üretime alternatif olarak yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları önem kazanmıştır. Bu kaynaklar arasında yer alan güneş enerjisini kullanan fotovoltaik sistemler (PV) son dönemlerde gelişen bir yöntem olmuştur. Bu çalışmada da PV sistemlerin kullanım alanları arasında yer alan tarımsal sulama sistemleri için bir sistem tasarımı ve benzetimi yapılmıştır. PV sistemin en verimli şekilde kullanılması için MPPT algoritmalarından IC algoritması ve P&O algoritması geliştirilmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. PV panellerden elde edilen maksimum gücün aktarımı için ayrıca bir DC-DC dönüştürücü kullanılmadan tek aşamalı bir evirici tasarlanmıştır. Geliştirilen algoritmalar ile 200 - 1000 W/m² arasında farklı güneş radyasyonu altında PV panellerden elde edilebilecek maksimum güç sisteme yüksek verimlilikle aktarılmıştır. Önerilen sistemin performansını değerlendirmek için 3 kW’lık üç fazlı asenkron motora sahip sulama sisteminin benzetimi PSIM programı kullanılarak yapılmış ve sonuçları karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur.
Bulanık TOPSIS Yöntemiyle Rüzgar Türbin Kanat Atıkları İçin En Uygun Bertaraf Yönteminin Belirlenmesi: Bandırma Örneği
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Samet , ATALAY Kübra
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışmada, yakın gelecekte ömrünü dolduracak rüzgar türbinleri için seçilen Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemi ile literatürde öne çıkan kanat atıklarının en uygun bertaraf yönteminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla Bulanık TOPSIS yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada Bulanık TOPSIS'in uygulanabilmesi için katı atık yönetimi konusunda uzman 5 kişi ile ilgili kriterlerin değerlendirilmesi için anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışma için Bandırma bölgesinde ömrünün sonuna yaklaşan bir rüzgar santrali örnek alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, rüzgar türbini kanat atıklarının bertaraf yöntemlerinin uygunlukları sırasıyla sanat ve binalarda yeniden kullanım, betonda agreaga olarak kullanım, çimento fabrikalarında enerji üretimi ve düzenli depolama alanlarında bertaraf edilmesi şeklindedir. Bu çalışmanın rüzgar santral işletmecilerine, belediyelere ve türbin kanat üreticilerine faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Şizofreni Hastalığının Tanısına Yönelik Beyin Dalgalarının Derin Öğrenme Yöntemleri ile İncelenmesi
Authors: SERİN Berkay , EMEK Sevcan
Published: October 2023

İnsan beyninin matematiksel modeli üzerine kurulan tekniklerin kullanılması, insan için hayati olan düşünme, hafıza, algılama, konuşma ve diğer yaşam aktivitelerinin sürdürülmesinde bir takip sistemi oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada şizofreni hastalığın teşhis edilmesine yönelik alternatif bir yaklaşım sunulmaktadır. Çalışmada, 14 şizofreni hastası ve 14 sağlıklı bireyden alınmış, 19 EEG kanalıyla standart 10-20 EEG montajı kullanılarak 250 Hz örnekleme frekansı ile elde edilen veriler kullanılmaktadır. Çalışma boyunca, bu veriler farklı şekillerde sınıflandırılmakta ve deneysel çalışmalarla elde edilen bulgular doğruluk ve harcanan süre açısından karşılaştırılmaktadır. İlk yaklaşım olarak, beyin dalgalarının işlenmeden evrişimli sinir ağları (Convolutional Neural Network -CNN) ile yürütmek olsa da CNN her nöron katmanı arasında birbiriyle ilişkili dalga verilerini unuttuğu için verimli bir sonuç vermediği gözlemlenmektedir. Bu nedenle, verilerin bütünlüğünü koruyacak tekrarlayan sinir ağları (Recurrent Neural Network -RNN) kullanılmaktadır. Çalışma genelinde, beyin dalgaları önerilen ve yapılandırılmış derin öğrenme yöntemleri ile sınıflandırılmakta ve en verimli olanına ulaşmaya çalışılmaktadır.