bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the Classic Triad of Meningitis and Types of Meningitis
Authors: Budi Iftiyastuti Selma Nissa , Rizkita Leonny Dwi , Ihsana Nuni , Selohandono Andrianto
Published: September 2024

Meningitis is an inflammatory disease of the meninges caused by infection and non-infection. Based on WHO data for 2023, the CFR (Case Fatality Rate) for meningitis is 5.88%. In 2016 at the Southeast Asian level, Indonesia became the country with the highest mortality rate caused by meningitis. The classic triad of meningitis can assist in the early diagnosis of meningitis so that early management can be carried out to reduce mortality and morbidity if a cerebrospinal fluid examination is not possible immediately. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the characteristics of meningitis patients, prevalence, and the relationship between the classic triad of meningitis and the incidence of infectious and non-infectious meningitis at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta in 2017-2021. This study uses a cross-sectional method. The data taken is secondary data from 118 medical records of patients who have been treated. From the results, it was obtained that the highest characteristics and distribution were the age category 0-5 years (27.1%), male sex (51.7%), the most domicile outside DIY (54.2%), no/not yet school (36.4%) not/not yet working (38.1%), bacterial meningitis (39.0%), fever (89.8%), neck stiffness (78.8%). There is a significant relationship between the classic triad of meningitis and the type of meningitis (p-value 0.000). Among the three triads, it turned out that there was a solid relationship between the classic triad of meningitis and the type of infectious meningitis as indicated p-value by neck stiffness 0.000, fever 0.000, and headache 0.000.
PELATIHAN PENCATATAN KEUANGAN BERBASIS AKUNTANSI BIAYA PADA PENGUSAHA KECIL DI DESA MEKARPAWITAN KECAMATAN PASEH KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Jajang Suherman  , Armansyah M Sarusu  , Kanda Muhamad Ishak
Published: September 2024

Community Service (PKM) which was carried out in Mekarpawitan Village, Paseh District, Bandung Regency, aims to organize training for small entrepreneurs in financial recording based on cost accounting, then to be applied to each field of business. Small businesses are part of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The training venue was held in the Mekarpawitan Village Office Hall. The participants who took part in the training activities totaled 13 people, in the field of industrial products amounted to 5 people and food products amounted to 8 people. Industrial products such as: clothes made of t-shirts, veils and school bags. Meanwhile, food products such as: cassava chips, banana chips, and processed corn. They are small entrepreneurs with limited individual and group capital, which are managed independently. Some of the products are sold locally and some are sold outside Bandung. The problem experienced by small entrepreneurs is that financial recording has not been done in an orderly manner, and some have not even done any financial recording in the business. So that it has difficulties in determining capital, production costs, cost of production and cost of goods sold. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to hold training for small entrepreneurs on financial recording based on cost accounting. The implementation of the training is assisted by the appointed committee, which is in charge of preparing the implementation instructions and financial recording modules that have been made, as well as the provision of the necessary facilities and infrastructure. The process of implementing the training went smoothly in accordance with the provisions. The result of the training is that small entrepreneurs should apply financial recording based on cost accounting in each field of their business. Financial recording is based on cost accounting such as capital, production costs, cost of production, cost of goods sold, balance sheet and profit/loss statements. With the implementation of financial recording based on cost accounting, it will be easy to predict the development and sustainability of the business in a short time.
Трансформация жанров в современной российской журналистике
Authors: Васильевна Зеленина Елена , Алексеевна Швецова Анастасия
Published: September 2024

В издании рассмотрен процесс трансформации жанров журналистики сначала в условиях вестернизации медиарынка, а затем с наступлением эпохи цифровизации медиапространства. На основе научного наследия А. А Тертычного и других авторитетных ученых, исследовавших творческие основы журналистской деятельности, систематизированы позиции участников обширной дискуссии о судьбе традиционных жанров, характере их изменений. В ходе анализа публикаций современных российских изданий выявлены важнейшие тенденции и факторы, влияющие на гибридизацию жанров. появление новых жанровых форм. Предложена типология жанров и текстовых форматов, востребованных з журналистской практике. Книга адресована не только исследователям, но и широкому кругу заинтересованных читателей.
The Analysis on the Rise of Mental Health Challenges among the Youths in Yemen
Authors: Abou Khalil Ibrahim , Owino Ouko Vinsam
Published: September 2024

Introduction This research explored the mental health implications for youth in conflict-affected regions, focusing on Yemen as a case study. Prolonged exposure to conflict and socio-economic instability had a profound impact on the mental well- being of children and adolescents. This research aimed to analyze key challenges faced by youth in conflict zones and review interventions aimed at mitigating mental health crises.  Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyze studies, reports, and publications on mental health in conflict-affected regions, particularly focusing on Yemen. The search involved peer-reviewed journals, organizational reports, and global health databases. Studies from 2017 to 2023 were included, emphasizing mental health outcomes among youth exposed to war, displacement, and trauma. Key search terms included "mental health," "conflict zones," "Yemen," "PTSD," and "psychosocial support." A cross-sectional survey design was utilized to assess the prevalence and distribution of mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD among Yemeni youth at a specific point in time.  Results & Findings The findings showed significant mental health challenges among Yemeni youth. Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.01) between conflict exposure and PTSD rates, with each year of exposure increasing the likelihood of PTSD symptoms by 12%. T-test results indicated a statistically significant difference (t = 5.23, p < 0.001) in anxiety levels between conflict-exposed youth (mean anxiety score = 65.4) and non-exposed youth (mean anxiety score = 42.1). Additionally, 60% of Yemeni youth reported symptoms of PTSD, while 48% exhibited anxiety, and 40% experienced depression. Only 20% of those in need have access to mental health services, further exacerbating the crisis.  Conclusion The study concluded that urgent action was needed to address the mental health crisis among Yemeni youth. A multi-faceted approach, involving government bodies, international organizations, and local communities, is essential for providing sustainable mental health care and psychosocial support. Prioritizing mental health in conflict recovery plans will help mitigate long-term consequences for affected youth.
A Review on Analysis of the Several Forms of Anaemia Common in Children and Adolescent in India between Ages of 1 to
Authors: P Kaviya , P Dhanushya
Published: September 2024

Anaemia poses a significant public health challenge in India, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as women of reproductive age and children. Defined by low hemoglobin levels, anaemia's prevalence is notably higher in rural areas compared to urban centers, reflecting disparities in healthcare access and nutritional intake. Iron deficiency is the predominant cause, accounting for a substantial proportion of cases, alongside deficiencies in vitamin B12, folate, and other micronutrients. The condition's multifactorial etiology includes dietary factors, genetic predispositions, and socio-economic determinants.Efforts to address anaemia include national supplementation programs, health education initiatives, and improvements in maternal and child healthcare services. Despite these measures, anaemia rates remain stubbornly high, impacting physical development, cognitive function, and overall productivity. Diagnostic strategies involve hematological tests to assess hemoglobin levels and nutrient status, enabling targeted interventions.Future research directions emphasize understanding regional variations, exploring novel interventions, and addressing underlying socio-economic factors to achieve sustained reductions in anaemia prevalence.
Pope Francis, the Climate Crisis and Global Ethics
Authors: Pedersen Kusumita P.
Published: September 2024

This essay discusses the 2015 encyclical of Pope Francis,
Laudato Si’: On Care for Our Common Home
, as a work of global ethics, noting that it is addressed to ‘every person living on this planet’. It situates it in the context of the extensive faith-based mobilisation leading up to the UN Paris Climate Conference in the same year, and refers to religious and interfaith statements on the environment and climate change, including the 2015 Declaration of the Parliament of the World’s Religions and the Earth Charter, finalised in 2000. It concludes with an account of the Pope’s 2023
Laudate Deum: Apostolic Exhortation to All People of Good Will on the Climate Crisis
, a constructive reflection on an ethics of mutual belonging, and a poem inspired by the Multifaith Ceremony following the People’s Climate March in 2014.
What Prospects for a Shared Common Humanity?
Authors: Keshavjee Mohamed
Published: September 2024

This paper adopts the style of conversation between an enquirer and a response from an Ismaili Muslim. Its basic premise is that global problems require to be addressed by shared conversation between the social sciences and philosophical/theological perspectives. The era of strict separation between religious and secular worldviews is incapable of rising to the challenges before a world characterised by multiplicity, plurality and difference. In post-secularist perspective, the religions of the world are presented with opportunities for bringing forth spiritual wisdom, so long as a shared practical language, and the willingness to set aside inherited antagonisms in relationships between them, can be agreed. Concepts such as
Ubuntu, Satyagraha
and

Agap
ē

provide spiritual values and principles that lift problem-solving to a level more satisfying than instrumental approaches by themselves.
On the issue of personal data protection in the field of e-commerce: a comparative analysis of legislation in the Baltic states and Ukraine
Authors: Pleskach Mariia
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on a comparative analysіs of the legislation оn the prоtеctіon оf pеrsonаl data in the fiеld of еlеctronic commerce betwееn thе Baltic States (Lіthuania, Latvia, Estonia) and Ukraіne. Wіth the rapid growth of е-commerce and the increasе in the collеctіon, processing and use of personal dаta, it is important to assess the legal framework in place to ensure the privacy and security of persons’ іnformation. Therefore, given such factors as the steady increase in the number of digital services, electronic applications and online stores, the cross-border nature of e-commerce and the significant deepening of cooperation between Ukraine and the Baltic States, with a focus on strengthening trade and diplomatic relations, it is important to analyze the level of personal data protection in the field of e-commerce in the Baltic States and Ukraine. Thrоugh a comparative analysis of legislation in these regions, this study aims tо identify differences and similarities, weaknesses and strengths, potential areas for improvement іn data protection legislation. The conclusion will contributе to a comprehensive vision of the legal basis and provide knowledge on improving data protection measures in e-commerce. This article may be of interеst to various stakeholders. For example, for researchers, who are studying data protection and e-commerce, lawyеrs specializing in e-commerce and private law, companies in e-commerce sector, particularly those with crоss-border transactions and electronic agreements in the Baltic States and Ukraine, legislators involved in the process of regulating the protection of personal data and persons, who take care about the security of their personal data during online shoрріng and electronic transactions.
Discovery of a Metal-poor Red Giant Star with the Highest Ultralithium Enhancement
Authors: Kowkabany Jeremy , Ezzeddine Rana , Charbonnel Corinne , Roederer Ian U. , Wang Ella Xi , Li Yangyang , Hackshaw Zoe , Beers Timothy C. , Frebel Anna , Hansen Terese T. , Holmbeck Erika , Placco Vinicius M. , Sakari Charli M.
Published: September 2024

We present the discovery of 2MASS J05241392−0336543 (hereafter J0524−0336), a very metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −2.43 ± 0.16), highly r-process-enhanced ([Eu/Fe] = +1.34 ± 0.10) Milky Way halo field red giant star, with an ultrahigh Li abundance of A(Li, 3D, NLTE) = 6.15 ± 0.25 and [Li/Fe] = +7.64 ± 0.25, respectively. This makes J0524−0336 the most lithium-enhanced giant star discovered to date. We present a detailed analysis of the star’s atmospheric stellar parameters and chemical abundance determinations. Additionally, we detect indications of infrared excess, as well as observe variable emission in the wings of the Hα absorption line across multiple epochs, indicative of a potential enhanced mass-loss event with possible outflows. Our analysis reveals that J0524−0336 lies either between the bump and the tip of the red giant branch (RGB), or on the early asymptotic giant branch (e-AGB). We investigate the possible sources of lithium enrichment in J0524−0336, including both internal and external sources. Based on current models and on the observational evidence we have collected, our study shows that J0524−0336 may be undergoing the so-called lithium flash that is expected to occur in low-mass stars when they reach the RGB bump and/or the e-AGB.
The Role of Spiral Arms in Galaxies
Authors: Sun Bingqing , Calzetti Daniela , Battisti Andrew J.
Published: September 2024

We test the influence of spiral arms on the star formation activity of disk galaxies by constructing and fitting multiwavelength spectral energy distributions for the two nearby spiral galaxies NGC 628 and NGC 4321, at a spatial scale of 1–1.5 kpc. Recent results in the literature support the “gatherers” picture, i.e., that spiral arms gather material but do not trigger star formation. However, ambiguities in the diagnostics used to measure star formation rates (SFRs) and other quantities have hampered attempts at reaching definite conclusions. We approach this problem by utilizing the physical parameters output of the Multi-wavelength Analysis of Galaxy Physical Properties fitting code, which we apply to the ultraviolet-to-far infrared photometry, in ≥20 bands, of spatially resolved regions in the two galaxies. We separate the regions into arm and interarm, and study the distributions of the specific SFRs (sSFR = SFR/M
star), stellar ages, and star formation efficiencies (SFE = SFR/M
gas). We find that the distributions of these parameters in the arm regions are almost indistinguishable from those in the interarm regions, with typical differences of a factor of 2 or less in the medians. These results support the “gatherer” scenario of spiral arms, which we plan to test with a larger sample in the near future.
The Local Bubble Is a Local Chimney: A New Model from 3D Dust Mapping
Authors: O’Neill Theo J. , Zucker Catherine , Goodman Alyssa A. , Edenhofer Gordian
Published: September 2024

Leveraging a high-resolution 3D dust map of the solar neighborhood from Edenhofer et al., we derive a new 3D model for the dust-traced surface of the Local Bubble, the supernova-driven cavity surrounding the Sun. We find that the surface of the Local Bubble is highly irregular in shape, with its peak extinction surface falling at an average distance of 170 pc from the Sun (spanning 70–600+ pc) with a typical thickness of 35 pc and a total dust-traced mass of (6.0 ± 0.7) × 105
M
⊙. The Local Bubble displays an extension in the Galactic northern hemisphere that is morphologically consistent with representing a “local chimney.” We argue this chimney was likely created by the “bursting” of this supernova-driven superbubble, leading to the funneling of interstellar medium (ISM) ejecta into the lower Galactic halo. We find that many well-known dust features and molecular clouds fall on the surface of the Local Bubble and that several tunnels to other adjacent cavities in the ISM may be present. Our new, parsec-resolution view of the Local Bubble may be used to inform future analysis of the evolution of nearby gas and young stars, the investigation of direct links between the solar neighborhood and the Milky Way’s lower halo, and numerous other applications.
Quasiperiodic Oscillations in GRB 210514A: a Case of a Newborn Supramassive Precessing Magnetar Collapsing into a Black Hole?
Authors: Zou Le , Cheng Ji-Gui
Published: September 2024

Magnetar is proposed as one of the possible central engines for a gamma-ray burst (GRB). Recent studies show that if a magnetar has a rotational axis misaligned from the magnetic one, a periodic lightcurve pattern is expected with a period of seconds to minutes. Inspired by this unique feature, in this paper, we search for the quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) signals in the Swift observations of GRBs. Using the Lomb–Scargle periodogram and the weighted wavelet Z-transform algorithms, we find that the Swift Burst Alert Telescope data of GRB 210514A has a QPO signal with a period ∼11 s. The estimated confidence level of the signal is over 3σ. The global lightcurve of this GRB exhibits a double-plateau structure with a sharp decay segment between plateaus. The lightcurve feature resembles those of GRBs that were reported to have internal plateaus. We explain the observations of GRB 210514A with a supramassive magnetar (SMM) model, where the QPO signal in the first plateau is produced via the dipole radiation of the SMM experiencing a precession motion, the sharp decay is due to the collapse of the SMM into a black hole (BH), and the second plateau could be produced via the fallback accretion of the newborn BH. We fit the precession model to the observations using the Bayesian statistic and the best-fit magnetar parameters are discussed. Alternative models concerning a BH central engine may also provide reasonable explanations for this burst, only in this case the QPO signal could merely be a coincidence.
Building a DNA barcode reference collection of Hymenoptera in New Zealand
Authors: Ward Darren
Published: September 2024

Molecular tools used for the identification of species are heavily reliant on reference DNA sequences and taxonomic annotation. Despite this, there are large gaps in the availability of DNA sequences for many taxonomic groups and for different parts of the globe. Here, a DNA barcode library for the Hymenoptera of New Zealand is presented, based on the COI region for 3,145 sequences assigned to 837 BINs and which represent 231 genera and 236 species. This study provides a DNA barcode for approximately 25% of species and 42% of genera of Hymenoptera in New Zealand. However, when combined with sequences previously deposited in BOLD (a further 170 genera), DNA barcodes are available for 73% of New Zealand Hymenopteran genera. To further increase coverage, future efforts need to focus predominantly on taxa from seven families (Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae s.l., Mymaridae, Eulophidae, Diapriidae, Braconidae and Platygastridae). This database facilitates DNA-based identification of taxa for use in both taxonomic revisions and biodiversity monitoring.
Five new species of Metapolybia Ducke, 1905, with the description of the male genitalia of seven species of the genus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
Authors: Cortes Gustavo B. , Noll Fernando B. , Carpenter James M. , Andena Sergio R.
Published: September 2024

Five new species of Metapolybia are described, Metapolybia carpenteriana, Andena & Noll, sp. nov. (Ecuador, Peru), Metapolybia pseudodocilis Cortes, sp. nov. (Bolivia), Metapolybia richardsi Andena, sp. nov. (Ecuador), Metapolybia sulamerica Carpenter, sp. nov. (Colombia), Metapolybia zucchiana Andena & Carpenter, sp. nov. (Panama), in addition to the hitherto unknown males of M. bromelicola, M. encantata, M. mesoamerica, M. servilis and M. rufata plus two new species. Comparative remarks for the species are given.
A new species of the rare genus Endogeophilus from southern France, with a key to the European genera of Geophilidae s.l. (Chilopoda)
Authors: Iorio Étienne , Bonato Lucio
Published: September 2024

The geophilid centipede Endogeophilus albertisp. nov. is described and illustrated based on a single specimen collected from Provence, southern France. It is very similar to E. ichnusae Bonato, Zapparoli, Drago & Minelli, 2016, which is known only from three specimens from south-western Sardinia, and was the only species in the genus Endogeophilus Bonato, Zapparoli, Drago & Minelli, 2016. Both species share a remarkably narrow body, very short setae, and an unusually high number of legs, which are relatively stout. All these traits are rare among geophilids and suggest an endogeic life style. Despite of the very few specimens available for comparison and the difficulties to distinguish inter-specific differences from intra-specific variation, the two species differ at least in the shape of the pretarsi of the second maxillae and the shape of the forcipules. A revised diagnosis of the genus Endogeophilus is also provided, with an identification key to all genera of Geophilidae s.l. recorded so far in Europe, based on selected characters to evaluate without anatomical dissection and illustrated with original pictures.
Les notions de significativité et d’obscurcissement en IFRS comme leviers de gestion des impressions : le cas de l’information sur les entités mises en équivalence
Authors: Darmendrail Véronique
Published: September 2024

Les informations demandées en annexe par l’IAS 24 et la nouvelle IFRS 12 devaient pallier la perte d’information liée au passage de l’intégration proportionnelle à la mise en équivalence (ME) pour les coentreprises avec l’IFRS 11. Cet article étudie la conformité des informations en annexe sur les entités ME, pour les sociétés non financières du CAC 40, que ce soit pour les coentreprises ou les entités associées. Il montre une possible gestion des impressions (GI) jouant en particulier sur le périmètre de l’information donnée. Le fait que l’IASB demande de ne pas obscurcir l’information par des informations non significatives, avec un exercice du jugement pour les définir, peut donner un levier pour une gestion opportuniste de l’information sur les entités ME.
Conflits environnementaux : plus de gouvernance, moins de démocratie
Authors: Sébastien Léa
Published: September 2024

La « démocratie environnementale », entendue comme le droit de participer aux décisions en matière environnementale, a été instituée via la Convention internationale d’Aarhus en 1998 puis via la Charte de l’environnement en France en 2005. Depuis, l’État a mis en place des processus participatifs à toutes les échelles pour accompagner sa politique de transition écologique. Pourtant, dans le même temps, les conflits environnementaux et d’aménagement ont explosé sur tous les territoires et les désastres écologiques s’accélèrent. Cet article explore ce paradoxe et montre que la participation institutionnelle répond à un modèle de gouvernance et non de démocratie, une nuance importante. Car si la démocratie environnementale vise à ouvrir les processus décisionnels à une multitude d’acteurs, la gouvernance maintient le pouvoir aux mains des acteurs forts, n’interroge pas la notion d’intérêt général, nie les conflits, dépolitise les enjeux environnementaux. Cette absence d’espaces de négociation entre acteurs pour décider collectivement est préoccupante dans la perspective des crises climatiques, de sécheresses, etc. Les outils de la démocratie environnementale doivent s’étoffer et permettre de tenir compte des intérêts des humains et non humains, du statut de bien commun de l’environnement, des asymétries de pouvoirs et de savoirs, des dimensions affectives locales.
EDF et les énergies renouvelables : une relation ancienne en plein essor
Authors: Martin Camille
Published: September 2024

Bien qu’étant un producteur d’énergie renouvelable depuis sa création en 1946 avec l’hydroélectricité, EDF n’est pas perçu comme tel par la majorité de l’opinion publique, mais comme producteur d’énergie nucléaire qui représente il est vrai l’essentiel de sa production d’énergie électrique. Cependant, EDF est depuis 2015 en train d’essayer de rattraper son retard dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables, en particulier dans le solaire et l’éolien. Trois raisons à cette nouvelle orientation de politique énergétique : les immenses besoins électriques de la transition énergétique qui nécessite un mix énergétique bas-carbone ; les obligations imposées à EDF par l’État pour atteindre les objectifs d’économie d’énergie qu’il s’est fixé ; ne pas abandonner le marché en pleine expansion des énergies renouvelables à ses concurrents.
Face au dérèglement climatique, les Outre-mer sont des laboratoires de la transition écologique
Authors: Margueritte Pascal
Published: September 2024

L’article aborde la question des conséquences du dérèglement climatique sur l’environnement des îles et notamment des Outre-mer. D’où une approche volontairement géopolitique, notamment inspirée d’une écologie décoloniale qui lie changement climatique et « habiter colonial ». L’île, espace fini et local, pose aussi des questions globales et planétaires. À l’échelle insulaire, la catastrophe écologique finale de l’engloutissement des îles basses pose la question du devenir planétaire. Leurs dépendances et « colonialités » historiques les fragilisent face aux dommages environnementaux, au changement climatique, du fait du comportement dysfonctionnel de l’Homme envers la biosphère, mais aussi de leur oubli. Pourtant, des expériences innovantes Outre-mer permettent de penser qu’un autre chemin que celui de la catastrophe est possible, à condition de sortir de schémas convenus et dominateurs et de redéfinir des politiques financières et structurelles globales. Cette démarche suppose aussi, pour tous, îliens comme continentaux, un changement radical de nos modes de vie, de pensée et économiques, où l’humain reprendrait ses droits.
Introduction : l’énergie dans l’histoire, l’histoire de l’énergie
Authors: Beltran Alain
Published: September 2024

L’énergie est un concept riche qui permet d’analyser dans la durée une large partie de l’évolution des sociétés. Que ce soient les moyens de production, les formes de consommation, les périodes de tension ou de pénurie, la quête énergétique a conduit l’humanité à aller plus loin chercher de nouvelles ressources, à innover sans cesse, à partager ou à conquérir. Si depuis la fin du 18 e s., et encore plus après 1945, l’énergie a été à la base de la croissance économique, on ne peut résumer son rôle aux kilowattheures engloutis. En effet, les enjeux liés à l’énergie touchent aussi bien les grands équilibres géopolitiques que sociétaux, politiques qu’environnementaux. Liées à l’énergie, bien des pistes nouvelles peuvent être ouvertes grâce à des travaux pionniers autour des questions de « genre », de transition, de transformation des réseaux, questions qui sont celles du passé, qui ont une actualité et qu’il faudra affronter à l’avenir. Tantôt en concurrence, souvent complémentaires, les énergies forment une trame incontournable de l’évolution historique. La compréhension du phénomène est d’une telle complexité qu’il nous faut multiplier les regards historiques avec l’aide de l’ensemble des sciences humaines.
Une Histoire de l’énergie. Les servitudes de la puissance (Jean-Claude Debeir, Jean-Paul Deléage, Daniel Hémery, 2013 [1986])
Authors: Claire Sarah
Published: September 2024

Une Histoire de l’énergie. Les servitudes de la puissance is a long-term analysis of the energy systems that have shaped our societies since pre-historic times. This cognitive map depicts the continuities and transitions of the relationship between man and nature till our modern society and its democratic challenges.
Energy imperialism? Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Musso Marta , Crouzet Guillemette
Published: September 2024

Dans ce numéro spécial, nous réfléchissons aux relations entre systèmes énergétiques et impérialisme à travers différents prismes : le rôle du pétrole dans les relations internationales ; l’économie mondiale et le monde postcolonial ; les déchets créés par l’industrie pétrolière ; les relations entre capitalisme et impérialisme, et le rôle de l’industrie de l’énergie dans l’alimentation de ces structures et de ces relations depuis la deuxième vague de colonisation européenne. En adoptant une perspective multidisciplinaire et comparative entre différentes périodes et différentes zones géographiques, nous déconstruisons la mythologie de l’impérialisme pétrolier pour mettre en évidence les situations dans lesquelles les systèmes énergétiques ont une influence réelle sur le cours de l’histoire, et sur la formation des sociétés.
Alternatives to energy imperialism: Energy and rising economies
Authors: Ciccantell Paul S.
Published: September 2024

Cet article cherche à démontrer que les efforts menés par les économies en croissance rapide pour sécuriser un accès aux ressources énergétiques ainsi que leur contrôle reposent souvent sur des alternatives à un impérialisme énergétique. Au dix-neuvième, vingtième et vingt-et-unième siècles, les économies montantes ont utilisé une variété de stratégies pour assouvir leurs besoins croissants en énergie en créant et en maintenant des flux d’énergie et de matériaux à haute intensité énergétique. Ces stratégies ont parfois donné de meilleurs termes d’échange pour les régions exportatrices de ressources. Cet article expose un modèle des stratégies d’accès à l’énergie qui ne reposent pas sur un impérialisme énergétique et présente des cas d’étude illustratifs qui explorent une large diversité de temps, d’espaces et de sources d’énergie.
Gaz noir, gaz bleu, gaz vert : à la recherche des transitions gazières
Authors: Williot Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2024

La conception de la transition énergétique invite à réviser le développement de chaque source d'énergie. Il en va ainsi de l'énergie gazière qui a connu au moins trois transitions dans sa longue durée. Depuis le début du XIX e siècle, le gaz tiré du charbon puis le gaz naturel et aujourd'hui le biogaz forment trois étapes que trois couleurs peuvent caractériser : le noir du gaz manufacturé, le bleu du méthane et le vert du biogaz. Chacune des étapes correspond à des techniques gazières spécifiques qui se sont conjuguées plus qu'elle ne se sont remplacées l'une par l'autre. Doit-on donc parler en fin de compte de transition, de césure ou de changement progressif ?
The West German educational reactor SUR-100 and its diplomatically intended export to Latin America
Authors: Jüttemann Andreas
Published: September 2024

Développé en Allemagne de l’Ouest dans les années 1960, le réacteur de puissance nulle SIEMENS type SUR-100 fut conçu à la fois à des fins pédagogiques et comme objet de démonstration pour une discipline de l’ingénierie encore en émergence. Par la suite, il acquit aussi une signification diplomatique : en plus d’être installé dans plusieurs universités allemandes à partir de 1963, deux exemplaires furent également envoyés en Amérique latine en guise de cadeau du gouvernement allemand. Ces exemplaires étaient destinés à la fois à promouvoir la technologie allemande des réacteurs en Amérique latine et à lier les physiciens des réacteurs argentins et mexicains à la technologie nucléaire allemande en rendant les cours en République fédérale contractuellement obligatoires.
A Way out of Darkness: Thinking about the Future of Spain through the Promises of Electricity and Energy Abundance, 1898–1931
Authors: Pérez-Zapico Daniel
Published: September 2024

Cet article historicise l’électricité et l’abondance énergétique et leur relation avec la reconfiguration du pouvoir politique dans un contexte de déclin national (auto-perçu). Il analyse la manière dont l’électricité a été utilisée pour générer toute une série de récits sociaux sur la modernisation nationale et, plus important encore, il met en lumière les façons contestées dont l’électricité a été interprétée selon certaines des lignes qui divisaient le paysage idéologique de l’Espagne au début du 20e siècle. En tant que tel, l’article aborde « l’électricité » et « l’électrification » comme des sites de controverse dénotant des préférences, des visions et des idéaux opposés sur la manière d’organiser la nation et la communauté espagnoles futures et, surtout, sur la manière de faire face aux défis du moment.
Documentary Sources on Hydrocarbon Exploitation in Franco’s Spain: The ENCASO Archives
Authors: Naseiro Ramudo Ana
Published: September 2024

The Empresa Nacional Calvo Sotelo de Combustibles Líquidos y Lubricantes (ENCASO) was a company created in 1942 within Spain’s National Institute of Industry (INI) by Minister Juan Antonio Suanzes, in an effort to control the country’s strategic energy sector. Established after the Spanish Civil War, it was created to produce hydrocarbons and energy-related products during the first phase of the Franco regime. Synthetic fuels and energy production became national political priorities during the postwar period due to Spain’s policies of economic and industrial autarchy. This paper focuses on the rediscovery of the ENCASO archives, which are conserved at the General Archive of the Administration (AGA), and have only recently begun to be examined. They have received very little attention from researchers, despite being central to studying the social, political, economic, and industrial production of hydrocarbons in Spain during the twentieth Century. The ENCASO archive has not yet been consulted mostly due to a lack of archival processing; until very recently, it was kept in the original office filing boxes, with generic descriptions of its content, and major conservation problems. It has now been appraised—its documentary series have been identified and assessed—and classified, thereby allowing for future access for the purpose of historical research.
Ground Zero : Research methodology in illuminating gas history without archives
Authors: Stoyannidis Yannis
Published: September 2024

Cet article souhaite aborder quelques enjeux méthodologiques de la recherche historique sur le passé industriel de l’éclairage au gaz et ses sources. Je me concentre davantage sur l’exemple de l’usine à gaz d’Athènes, un cas limite mais pas unique, où le chercheur est appelé à retracer le passé d’une industrie ou d’un phénomène économique, sans l’assurance d’une documentation complète liée à l’entreprise et à son activité. J’utilise l’expression « Ground Zero » pour désigner cette contradiction de l’absence de documents historiques : je décris ainsi le moment où un chercheur doit examiner un phénomène économique historique sans données agrégées. Les compagnies gazières fonctionnaient grâce à un réseau urbain qui s’étendait à l’intérieur des limites d’une ville. En Grèce, six usines ont été construites dans six villes différentes. La plupart des sociétés gazières se chargaient de l’éclairage public, et à partir de 1890 de la fourniture d’énergie (éclairage, chauffage, électroménagers) aux habitations et bureaux. De mon enquête, il est ressorti que les installations d’éclairage au gaz de certaines villes appartenaient au gouvernement local et d’autres à des particuliers. La documentation de l’itinéraire historique de cette énergie et de ses établissements en Grèce est une tâche difficile. Je pense que la cartographie de cet itinéraire s’avérera utile aux futurs chercheurs.
L’énergie des marées. Hier, aujourd’hui, demain (Ewan Sonnic [dir.], 2021)
Authors: Beltran Alain
Published: September 2024

L’énergie des marées a sans aucun doute une histoire mais aussi un avenir dont les contours restent à préciser. Cette énergie renouvelable a laissé de nombreuses traces archéologiques en particulier des moulins à marée fréquents des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. Puis, au XX e siècle, après bien des études, les usines marémotrices deviennent réalité en particulier avec la construction de la Rance, la plus grande usine de ce type aux monde pendant quarante ans. Mais pourquoi si peu de réalisations? Le livre avance d’intéressantes explications. Pourtant, les exigences environnementales pourraient donner un second souffle à cette technique. Mais les obstacles techniques, financiers ou humains, le choix d’autres solutions s’avèrent au final un frein à l’expansion des marémotrices.
The Reform of the Postal System between Spanish and Portuguese Empires in a Global and Comparative Perspective
Authors: Moreno-Cabanillas Rocío
Published: September 2024

Au début de la période moderne, les empires coloniaux européens ont considéré le système postal comme un aspect fondamental du développement de l’avenir politique, économique, social et culturel de leurs espaces de pouvoir. Au xviii e siècle, les empires espagnol et portugais ont proposé une restructuration du courrier dans le but de créer un service postal étatique et institutionnalisé. Cet article analyse les réformes postales au Portugal et en Espagne dans un cadre global et comparatif, en explorant comment des politiques réformistes contestées ont montré les limites du pouvoir de la Couronne dans les Amériques. Il souligne la nature nuancée de la gouvernance impériale et l'imprévisibilité des initiatives de réforme dans le contexte de territoires coloniaux vastes et diversifiés.
Le Brésil dans la mondialisation postale, des traités bilatéraux à l’entrée dans l’Union postale universelle (1810-1877)
Authors: Valle Salvino Romulo , Goldfeder Borges de Castro Pérola Maria
Published: September 2024

L’objectif de cet article est de saisir les formes et enjeux de l’insertion du Brésil dans les communications postxales internationales au xix e siècle. L’entrée du Brésil dans l’Union postale universelle (UPU) en 1877 couronne une politique active de participation aux trafics internationaux, tout en marquant l’attrait pour un nouveau cadre de négociation des conditions des échanges. Assemblée de pays mis sur un pied d’égalité, l’UPU apparaît comme une alternative au système de traités bilatéraux favorisant les puissances coloniales du Nord. Les conditions et implications géopolitiques de cette première adhésion d’un pays d’Amérique du Sud ne sauraient être minorées.
Regards sur les Lois : comparaison de l’ESS en France et de l’ES au Québec
Authors: Malo Marie-Claire , Lévesque Benoît
Published: September 2024

Qu’apprend-on de la comparaison et la mise en perspective de deux lois-cadres qui ont traversé une décennie : la Loi sur l’économie sociale au Québec (2013) et la Loi relative à l’économie sociale et solidaire en France (2014) ? Cette recherche exploratoire porte sur les lois et sur leur application. La partie 1 est sur le contenu des dispositions communes des lois, puis sur leur processus d’institutionnalisation et d’élaboration. La partie 2 est sur le contenu des trajectoires et sur le processus de mise en œuvre des lois. Sans les expliciter nous mobilisons d’abord la théorie de la régulation et celle des mouvements sociaux, puis les approches organisationnelle et stratégique.
La légitimation des monnaies locales par la Loi ESS
Authors: Lung Yannick
Published: September 2024

La Loi ESS de 2014 a donné aux monnaies locales un statut juridique en les inscrivant dans le Code monétaire et financier. Si cette légitimation a pu contribuer au développement de ces monnaies, il reste de nombreux obstacles à leur utilisation par les collectivités territoriales qui ont un rôle important de prescripteur. Pour soutenir le développement de ces monnaies et en faire un des outils des dynamiques de transition, il est indispensable de lever ces obstacles.
Les recettes fiscales de la Sécurité sociale à l’épreuve de la Covid-19 : une monstruosité ?
Authors: Baudu Aurélien
Published: September 2024

À côté des cotisations sociales, le financement fiscal constitue une part croissante des ressources de la Sécurité sociale. La crise sanitaire liée à la Covid-19 n’a pas remis en cause cette évolution structurelle. Toutefois, les contributions affectées au financement des prestations sociales ou au financement de dépenses sociales spécifiques forment une tuyauterie de plus en plus complexe…
La commodité se concilie-t-elle vraiment avec la justice fiscale ?
Authors: Orsoni Gilbert
Published: September 2024

Jean Dubergé, in his seminal work Social psychology of tax in France to day (1961) studied in particular the relation between convenience and justice, illustrating an evolution non yet completed at the heart of major issues fot tax policy and tax consent, democratic requirement.
L’apogée de la déconstruction du modèle d’autonomie fiscale locale. La disparition de la taxe d’habitation et de la contribution sur la valeur ajoutée des entreprises
Authors: Orsoni Gilbert
Published: September 2024

Les récentes décisions de suppression d’impositions locales (TH et CVAE) s’inscrivent dans la continuité d’un processus de long terme. Quelle qu’en soit la raison, elles parachèvent une dépossession des prérogatives des collectivités territoriales, portant ainsi une atteinte forte au principe de leur libre administration.
Digitalne vezi
Authors: Prah Klemen , Lovrić Marina , Mangafić Alen , Marsetič Aleš , Mikša Peter , Oštir Krištof , Oven Katja , Pavšek Jure , Peljhan Marko , Pipan Urban , Potočnik Buhvald Ana , Kraševec Rudi , Premelč Marko , Repe Blaž , Tekavec Jernej , Tičar Jure , Triglav Čekada Mihaela , Verbovšek Timotej , Wolf Vitomir , Zaletelj Luka , Žnidaršič Anže , Demšar Jani , Ciglič Rok , Perko Drago , Štaut Lenart , Tiran Jernej , Zorn Matija , Baloh Maja , Barborič Blaž , Brancelj Kular Branka , Čonč Špela , Debevec Jordanova Galena , Breg Valjavec Mateja , Fale Martin , Gabrič Adam , Golobič Nataša , Grigillo Dejan , Jančar Tomaž , Kanjir Urša , Kete Primož , Kokalj Žiga , Kop Boštjan
Published: September 2024

The publication Digitalne vezi (‘Digital Connections’) is the 17th book in the series ‘GIS v Sloveniji’ [GIS in Slovenia]. Its aim is to present diverse findings of researchers from the world of geographic information systems in Slovenia from recent years. Powerful data acquisition sensors and geoinformation tools enable research of various processes and phenomena, and a number of web-based applications are being developed to display spatial information. The book presents the results of projects and research findings in fields such as geomorphology, environmental protection, geography, geodesy, forestry, transport, tourism, remote sensing, agriculture and others. Readers will find in the book new possibilities for the use of geographic information systems and can find out about interesting research results in a wide range of fields.
RIB-NET AS MODIFICATION OF CNN ARCHITECTURE FOR SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF OPTIC DISC AND OPTIC CUP
Authors: Desiani Anita , Andriani Yuli , Ramayanti Indri , Priyanta Sigit , Suprihatin Bambang , Apriyani Chairu Nisa , Arhami Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Optic disc and optic cup segmentation are needed to detect glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy disorders in the retina. The separation of optic discs, optic cups, and other features in retinal images is semantic segmentation. Semantic segmentation requires a robust and valid architecture to be able to separate features in images accurately. This study proposes the RIB-Net architecture. The RIB-Net architecture is a modified U-Net architecture with residual blocks in the bridge section and inception block in each layer in the encoder and decoder sections. Residual blocks serve to overcome the problem of vanishing gradients and enable more effective information flow in bridge paths in U-Net. Inception blocks help recognize features of varying sizes in the encoder and decoder sections. This modification provides an architecture that has good capabilities in the semantic segmentation of more complex image features. The performance results of the RIB-Net architecture are accuracy of 99.21%, IoU of 55.32%, F1-score of 70.95%, sensitivity of 63.84%, and specificity of 99.71%. Other performance results from the RIB-Net architecture are [Formula: see text] kappa coefficient of 0.758, MCC of 0.764, and G-means of 0.82. The RIB-Net architecture has a good balance between sensitivity and specificity, so it can be concluded that RIB-Net works well for optic disc and optic cup segmentation in retinal images. The results of the F1-score, IOU, and sensitivity still need to be improved so RIB-Net can be developed as a model for developing an automatic retinal image segmentation system.
A Network Security Transmission Model Based on Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm
Authors: Tuxun Alimire Maimaiti , Guo Qingrui
Published: September 2024

With the development of the socio-economic landscape, the demand for electricity supply is steadily increasing. The application of 5G networks in this field has gradually alleviated the supply-demand response issues associated with large-scale distributed power sources. However, the broadcast nature of 5G channels raises concerns about secure data transmission. Addressing these challenges, this paper establishes a collaborative communication model for large-scale Demand Response (DR). Using the distributed power source network as a foundation, a communication system based on Power Line Communication (PLC) and Generic State Machine (GenSM) is proposed. Building on this, a self-adaptive data transmission algorithm based on the sparrow algorithm is proposed. This algorithm uses swarm intelligence for efficient energy management and secure transmission. Simulation results show that, compared to traditional Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) models, under specific conditions, the proposed model achieves an energy efficiency improvement of 131% and 69%.
Sociodemographic correlates of dietary habits among university students of health sciences in Kosovo
Authors: Jerliu Naim , Kamberi Haxhi , Mone Iris , Zekaj Drilon , Krasniqi Pranvera , Burazeri Genc
Published: September 2024

We aimed to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of selected dietary habits among students of health sciences in Kosovo. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kosovo in 2024, including 470 students of health sciences (≈86% females; mean age: 20.7±2.7 years; response rate: 70%). Information on selected dietary habits and sociodemographic factors of the students was gathered. Independent positive correlates of a lower fruit intake (<1 time/day) included male gender (OR=2.3, 95% CI =1.3-4.2) and a lower economic level (OR=1.5, 95% CI =1.0-2.3). Furthermore, positive independent correlates of a higher frequency of consumption of fried foods (≥1 time/day) included male gender (OR=2.2, 95% CI =1.2-4.1), urban residence (OR=1.6, 95% CI =1.0-2.6) and a lower economic level (OR=1.7, 95% CI =1.0-2.7). Conversely, excessive salt intake was positively and strongly correlated to a lower economic level (OR=3.5, 95% CI =2.1-6.0), but inversely related to students’ age (OR=0.4, 95% CI =0.2-0.9). Male gender and particularly a lower economic level were strong correlates of poor dietary habits among university students in Kosovo. Targeted interventions are needed to address dietary habits among youths, with a focus on providing support and resources to economically disadvantaged individuals.
‘Christ the Physician": biblical notes
Authors: Izzo Salvatore
Published: September 2024

Not available.