bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation and Stabilization of NiOOH by Introducing α‐FeOOH in LDH: Composite Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Urea Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Cai Minmin , Zhu Qian , Wang Xiyang , Shao Zhiyu , Yao Lu , Zeng Hui , Wu Xiaofeng , Chen Jun , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua
Published: November 2022

NiOOH is considered as the most active intermediate during electrochemical oxidation reaction, however, it is hard to directly synthesize due to high oxidation energy. Herein, theoretical calculations predict that α‐FeOOH enables a decline in formation energy and an improvement in stabilization of NiOOH in NiFe‐based layered double hydroxide (LDH). Inspiringly, a composite composed of α‐FeOOH and LDH is well‐designed and successfully fabricated in hydrothermal treatment by adding extra Fe3+ resource, and stable NiOOH is obtained by the following electro‐oxidation method. Benefiting from strong electron‐capturing capability of α‐FeOOH, it efficiently promotes charge redistribution around the Ni/Fe sites and activates Ni atoms of LDH, verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS). The d‐band center is optimized that balances the absorption and desorption energy, and thus Gibbs free energy barrier is lowered dramatically toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR), and finally showing an outstanding overpotential of 195 mV and a potential of 1.35 V at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. This study provides a novel strategy to construct highly efficient catalysts via the introduction of a new phase for complex multiple‐electron reactions.
Acid waters in tank bromeliads: Causes and potential consequences
Authors: North Gretchen B. , Brinton Erin K. , Kho Tiffany L. , Fukui Kyle , Maharaj Franklin D. R. , Fung Adriana , Ranganath Mira , Shiina Joseph H.
Published: November 2022

Premise

The consequences of acidity for plant performance are profound, yet the prevalence and causes of low pH in bromeliad tank water are unknown despite its functional relevance to key members of many neotropical plant communities.

Methods

We investigated tank water pH for eight bromeliad species in the field and for the widely occurring Guzmania monostachia in varying light. We compared pH changes over time between plant and artificial tanks containing a solution combined from several plants. Aquaporin transcripts were measured for field plants at two levels of pH. We investigated relationships between pH, leaf hydraulic conductance, and CO2 concentration in greenhouse plants and tested proton pump activity using a stimulator and inhibitor.

Results

Mean tank water pH for the eight species was 4.7 ± 0.06 and was lower for G. monostachia in higher light. The pH of the solution in artificial tanks, unlike in plants, did not decrease over time. Aquaporin transcription was higher for plants with lower pH, but leaf hydraulic conductance did not differ, suggesting that the pH did not influence water uptake. Tank pH and CO2 concentration were inversely related. Fusicoccin enhanced a decrease in tank pH, whereas orthovanadate did not.

Conclusions

Guzmania monostachia acidified its tank water via leaf proton pumps, which appeared responsive to light. Low pH increased aquaporin transcripts but did not influence leaf hydraulic conductance, hence may be more relevant to nutrient uptake.
A bump in the node: The hydraulic implications of rhizomatous growth
Authors: Suissa Jacob S. , Agbleke Andrews A. , Friedman William E.
Published: November 2022

Premise

Rhizomatous growth characterizes numerous taxa among vascular plants. While abundant information exists on nutrient sharing and demography, the question of how these metameric organisms move water through their bodies remains largely unstudied. Moreover, we lack an understanding of the evolutionary implications of rhizomatous growth across vascular plants. Here, we examined these questions by investigating how rhizomatous growth and vascular construction affect whole‐plant hydraulic function.

Methods

In five terrestrial fern species with diverse vascular construction, we used microcomputed tomography and bright‐field microscopy to examine vascular construction across nodes along the rhizome. These data were integrated with measurements of leaf stomatal conductance under rooted and uprooted conditions to relate vascular patterning and hydraulic architecture to leaf water status.

Results

Similar to phytomers of woody seed plants, nodal regions in rhizomatous ferns are areas of hydraulic resistance. While water is shared along the rhizomes of these investigated species, hydraulic conductivity drops at nodes and stomatal conductance declines when nodes were locally uprooted. Together, our data suggest that nodes are chokepoints in axial water movement along the rhizome.

Conclusions

Nodal chokepoints decrease hydraulic integration between phytomers. At the same time, chokepoints may act as “safety valves”, hydraulically localizing each phytomer—potentially decreasing embolism and pathogen spread. This suggests a potential trade‐off in the principal construction of the fern rhizome. Moreover, we propose that shoot‐borne roots (homorhizy) and the prostrate habit of rhizomatous ferns decrease the hydraulic and structural burdens that upright plants typically incur. The absence of these hydraulic and structural demands may be one reason ferns (and many rhizomatous plants) lack, or have minimally developed, secondary xylem.
Diagnostic yield of clinical exome sequencing in adulthood in medical genetics clinics
Authors: Mainali Apurba , Athey Taryn , Bahl Shalini , Hung Clara , Caluseriu Oana , Chan Alicia , Eaton Alison , Ghai Shailly Jain , Kannu Peter , MacPherson Melissa , Niederhoffer Karen Y. , Siriwardena Komudi , Mercimek‐Andrews Saadet
Published: November 2022

Clinical exome sequencing (ES) is the most comprehensive genomic test to identify underlying genetic diseases in Canada. We performed this retrospective cohort study to investigate the diagnostic yield of clinical ES in adulthood. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Adult patients ≥18 years old; (2) Patients underwent clinical ES between January 1 and December 31, 2021; (3) Patients were seen in the Department of Medical Genetics. We reviewed patient charts. We applied American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology variant classification guidelines for interpretation of variants. Non‐parametric Fisher's exact statistical test was used. Seventy‐seven patients underwent clinical ES. Fourteen different genetic diseases were confirmed in 15 patients: FBXO11, MYH7, MED13L, NSD2, ANKRD11 (n = 2), SHANK3, RHOBTB2, CDKL5, TRIO, TCF4, SCN1, SMAD3, POGZ, and EIF2B3 diseases. The diagnostic yield of clinical ES was 19.5%. Patients with a genetic diagnosis had a significantly higher frequency of neurodevelopmental disorders than those with no genetic diagnosis (p = 0.00339). The diagnostic yield of clinical ES was the highest in patients with seizures (35.7%), and with progressive neurodegenerative diseases (33.3%). Clinical ES is a helpful genomic test to provide genetic diagnoses to the patients who are referred to medical genetic clinics due to suspected genetic diseases in adulthood to end their diagnostic odyssey. Targeted next generation sequencing panels for specific phenotypes may decrease the cost of genomic test in adulthood.
A Highly Accurate pH Detection Method for Sweat Analysis using a Printed 96‐Microwell Colorimetric Sensor Array
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Lyu Xiaojun , Minami Tsuyoshi
Published: November 2022

This work reports on a facile 96‐microwell paper‐based colorimetric sensor array device (PCSAD) for highly accurate pH detection toward sweat analysis. Although a pH test strip has been widely used to easily visualize pH conditions with naked eyes, its accuracy to guarantee below the decimal point in pH changes has still been a concern. In contrast, the PCSAD could detect slight pH changes because of abundant chemical information by the array design. The color gradients on the PCSAD upon changing pH conditions can be rapidly recorded by a flatbed scanner. The captured digital images of the PCSAD were treated with imaging analysis, followed by extraction of color intensities for inset data. By employing the partially overlapped detectable pH ranges of pH indicators, seamless inset data was obtained. Therefore, the PCSAD successfully discriminated against slight changes in pH conditions in human sweat with high accuracy by pattern recognition methods.
An unusual theropod specimen from the late Maastrichtian of New Jersey
Authors: Gallagher William B.
Published: November 2022

A set of fragmentary bones excavated from the Inversand Company Pit at Sewell, Gloucester County, NJ, contains portions of broken hollow femur bone that display unusual interior structure. Two hypotheses are considered; (1) the lumina represents the distinctive physical features of medullary bone as described by M. Schweitzer in a series of papers; or (2) the interior bone growth is a pathology. The specimen is attributed to the Theropoda on the basis of the possession of a pneumatic foramen in one of the bones. This specimen is from the upper part of the New Egypt Formation, just below the K/T boundary in the base of the overlying Hornerstown Formation. This stratigraphic horizon is the same as the type specimen of Dryptosaurus aquiluguis which was excavated from a marl pit nearby.
Immunosensor for human IgE detection using electrochemical redox cycling with ferrocene‐mixed self‐assembled monolayers modified Au electrode
Authors: Kim Ki Jun , Song Yesol , Park Seungyoung , Oh Seung Jun , Kwon Seong Jung
Published: November 2022

The concentration of human immunoglobulin E (IgE) in blood is an indicator for diagnosing an allergy. For detecting human IgE by an electrochemical immunosensor, redox mediator molecules were modified on a gold electrode using thiolated organic molecules, which can form self‐assembled monolayers on the electrode surface. Ferrocene was used as a redox mediator, and the current signal was amplified via redox cycling using 4‐aminophenol. Measurements were obtained after the immobilization of the target‐captured antibody, target human IgE, biotin‐conjugated secondary antibody, and avidin alkaline phosphatase in a sandwich‐type immunosensor configuration. The prepared immunosensor exhibited a limit of detection of 1 IU/mL and dynamic range of 3–30 IU/mL.
Ultrasound‐mediated delivery of flexibility‐tunable polymer drug conjugates for treating glioblastoma
Authors: Sun Tao , Krishnan Vinu , Pan Daniel C. , Filippov Sergey K. , Ravid Sagi , Sarode Apoorva , Kim Jayoung , Zhang Yongzhi , Power Chanikarn , Aday Sezin , Guo Junling , Karp Jeffrey M. , McDannold Nathan J. , Mitragotri Samir S.
Published: November 2022

Effective chemotherapy delivery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is limited by drug transport across the blood–brain barrier and poor efficacy of single agents. Polymer–drug conjugates can be used to deliver drug combinations with a ratiometric dosing. However, the behaviors and effectiveness of this system have never been well investigated in GBM models. Here, we report flexible conjugates of hyaluronic acid (HA) with camptothecin (CPT) and doxorubicin (DOX) delivered into the brain using focused ultrasound (FUS). In vitro toxicity assays reveal that DOX‐CPT exhibited synergistic action against GBM in a ratio‐dependent manner when delivered as HA conjugates. FUS is employed to improve penetration of DOX‐HA‐CPT conjugates into the brain in vivo in a murine GBM model. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering characterizations of the conjugates show that the DOX:CPT ratio affects the polymer chain flexibility. Conjugates with the highest flexibility yield the highest efficacy in treating mouse GBM in vivo. Our results demonstrate the association of FUS‐enhanced delivery of combination chemotherapy and the drug‐ratio‐dependent flexibility of the HA conjugates. Drug ratio in the polymer nanocomplex may thus be employed as a key factor to modulate FUS drug delivery efficiency via controlling the polymer flexibility. Our characterizations also highlight the significance of understanding the flexibility of drug carriers in ultrasound‐mediated drug delivery systems.
Two Teflon granulomas of the nasopharynx and paravertebral space mimicking a neoplasm
Authors: Kamp Frederieke , Storck Claudio
Published: November 2022

Teflon has been proved to be able to extravasate and infiltrate into soft tissue to form an inflammatory giant‐cell foreign‐body reaction, a so‐called Teflon granuloma. We present a rare case report of a patient with two Teflon granulomas of the head and neck, who were first interpreted as a neoplasm.
Harnessing the CRISPR‐Cas13d System for Protein Detection by Dual‐Aptamer‐Based Transcription Amplification
Authors: Feng Zhi‐Yuan , Liu Ran , Li Xiang , Zhang Jingjing
Published: November 2022

CRISPR‐based biosensing technology has been emerging as a revolutionary diagnostic tool for many disease‐related biomarkers. In particular, RspCas13d, a newly identified RNA‐guided Cas13d ribonuclease derived from Ruminococcus sp., has shown great promise for accurate and sensitive detection of RNA due to its RNA sequence‐specific recognition and robust collateral trans‐cleavage activity. However, its diagnostic utility is limited to detecting nucleic‐acid‐related biomarkers. To address this limitation, herein we present a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of a target‐responsive CRISPR‐Cas13d sensing system for protein biomarkers. This system was rationally designed by integrating a dual‐aptamer‐based transcription amplification strategy with CRISPR‐Cas13d (DATAS‐Cas13d), in which the protein binding initiates in‐vitro RNA transcription followed by the activation of RspCas13d. Using a short fluorescent ssRNA as the signal reporter and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) as the model analyte, the DATAS‐Cas13d system showed a wide linear range, low detection limit, and high specificity for the detection of cTnI in buffer and human serum. Thanks to the facile integration of various bioreceptors into the DATAS‐Cas13d system, the method could be adapted to detecting a broad range of clinically relevant protein biomarkers, and thus broaden the medical applications of Cas13d‐based diagnostics.
Single‐Particle Measurements: A Powerful Method for Investigating Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Li Xu , Li Na , Yang Le , Chen Hao‐Sen , Song Wei‐Li
Published: November 2022

The relationship between interface structure (e. g., the facet of the solid phase and the configuration of solvation) and the reactivity of the corresponding electrode is a critical issue in electrochemistry. Compared to macroscopic electrode measurements, electrochemical methods established on the single‐particle scale have advantages in establishing the structure‐property relationship. In recent years, great achievements have been made in electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysis that allow the evolution and kinetics of electrodes to be understood by employing single‐particle measurements. This concept aims to provide an overview of the update of single‐particle measurements in related electrochemical processes. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for the development and application of single‐particle measurements are also discussed.
Separation of ethylene glycol, 1,2‐butanediol and 1,2‐propanediol with azeotropic distillation
Authors: Wang Jia , Shen Rongchun , Cao Yueqiang , Li Wei , Zhou Jinghong
Published: November 2022

1,2‐butanediol (1,2‐BDO) and 1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PDO) are inevitably side produced in the ethylene glycol (EG) production processes from non‐petroleum routes, but are very difficult to separate by the ordinary distillation method because of the closeness of their boiling temperatures to EG, thus compromise the economy of these processes. The azeotropic distillation process using 1‐octanol (CPO) as an entrainer to separate EG and 1,2‐BDO mixture with or without 1,2‐PDO was studied in this paper. Four binary vapour–liquid equilibrium data of EG‐1,2‐BDO, EG‐CPO, 1,2‐BDO‐CPO, and 1,2‐PDO‐CPO were measured using an Ellis equilibrium kettle and regressed with the thermodynamic model of non‐random two liquid to obtain the corresponding binary interaction parameters. On this basis, azeotropic distillations with CPO as an entrainer were designed to separate EG and 1,2‐BDO with or without 1,2‐PDO. The complete separation processes, including the azeotropic distillation and CPO recovery process consisting of extraction with H2O and subsequent distillation, were simulated and optimized with Aspen Plus for both the EG‐1,2‐BDO binary mixture and the EG‐1,2‐BDO‐1,2‐PDO ternary mixture. The simulation results show that the azeotropic distillation method with CPO as an entrainer can effectively separate the mixture of EG‐1,2‐BDO and EG‐1,2‐BDO‐1,2‐PDO, achieving EG of 99.90% purity with 99.98% recovery and 1,2‐BDO of 99.30% purity with 99.45% recovery for the binary mixture, and achieving EG of 99.90% purity with 99.80% recovery, 1,2‐BDO of 99.35% purity with 99.35% recovery, and 1,2‐PDO of 90.59% purity with 94.38% recovery for the ternary mixture. These processes are promising for industrial application and can significantly improve the economy of non‐petroleum EG production.
Understanding the Reactivity of Supported Late Transition Metals on a Bare Anatase (101) Surface: A Periodic Conceptual DFT Investigation
Authors: Deraet Xavier , Turek Jan , Alonso Mercedes , Tielens Frederik , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Calatayud Monica , De Proft Frank
Published: November 2022

The rapidly growing interest for new heterogeneous catalytic systems providing high atomic efficiency along with high stability and reactivity triggered an impressive progress in the field of single‐atom catalysis. Nevertheless, unravelling the factors governing the interaction strength between the support and the adsorbed metal atoms remains a major challenge. Based on periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this paper provides insight into the adsorption of single late transition metals on a defect‐free anatase surface. The obtained adsorption energies fluctuate, with the exception of Pd, between −3.11 and −3.80 eV and are indicative of a strong interaction. Depending on the considered transition metal, we could attribute the strength of this interaction with the support to i) an electron transfer towards anatase (Ru, Rh, Ni), ii) s‐d orbital hybridisation effects (Pt), or iii) a synergistic effect between both factors (Fe, Co, Os, Ir). The driving forces behind the adsorption were also found to be strongly related to Klechkowsky's rule for orbital filling. In contrast, the deviating behaviour of Pd is most likely associated with the lower dissociation enthalpy of the Pd−O bond. Additionally, the reactivity of these systems was evaluated using the Fermi weighted density of states approach. The resulting softness values can be clearly related to the electron configuration of the catalytic systems as well as with the net charge on the transition metal. Finally, these indices were used to construct a model that predicts the adsorption strength of CO on these anatase‐supported d‐metal atoms. The values obtained from this regression model show, within a 95 % probability interval, a correlation of 84 % with the explicitly calculated CO adsorption energies.
Insight into the Key Factors in High Li+ Transference Number Composite Electrolytes for Solid Lithium Batteries
Authors: Jia Mengyang , Khurram Tufail Muhammad , Guo Xiangxin
Published: November 2022

Solid lithium batteries (SLBs) have received much attention due to their potential to achieve secondary batteries with high energy density and high safety. The solid electrolyte (SE) is believed to be the essential material for SLBs. Among the recent SEs, composite electrolytes have good interfacial compatibility and customizability, which have been broadly investigated as promising contenders for commercial SLBs. The high Li+ transference number (t
) of composite electrolytes is critically important concerning the power/energy density and cycling life of SLBs, however, which is often overlooked. This Review presents a current opinion on the key factors in high t
composite electrolytes, including polymers, Li‐salts, inorganic fillers, and additives. Various strategies concerning providing a continuous pathway for Li‐ions and immobilizing anions via component interaction are discussed. This Review highlights the major obstacles hindering the development of high t
composite electrolytes and proposes future research directions for developing composite electrolytes with high t
.
Dioscin induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by upregulating ROS‐mediated P38 MAPK signaling
Authors: Zheng Gui‐zhou , Zhang Qi‐hao , Chang Bo , Xie Peng , Liao Hang , Du Shi‐xin , Li Xue‐dong
Published: November 2022

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Many patients with osteosarcoma readily develop resistance to chemotherapy and have an extremely dismal prognosis. Dioscin, a saponin, is known to exhibit potent anticancer activities and induce cellular death of a variety of cancer types. However, the inhibitory effect of dioscin on osteosarcoma cells and its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the responses of human U2‐OS and MG63 osteosarcoma cells to dioscin with regard to proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, and studied the effect of dioscin on MAPK‐related proteins by western blot analysis assays. Dioscin inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, it induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent apoptotic signaling. N‐acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species inhibitor, suppressed dioscin‐induced apoptosis, indicating that ROS play an essential role in dioscin‐induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis assays showed that p38 MAPK was upregulated after dioscin treatment, and that dioscin induced apoptosis by upregulating ROS‐mediated p38 MAPK signaling. Our study suggests that dioscin possesses antitumor activities against human osteosarcoma cells, inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induces osteosarcoma cell apoptosis through upregulating ROS‐mediated p38 MAPK signaling. This study may provide a new therapeutic strategy and potential clinical applications for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Labdane conjugates protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Cuadrado Irene , Oramas‐Royo Sandra , González‐Cofrade Laura , Amesty Ángel , Hortelano Sonsoles , Estévez‐Braun Ana , de las Heras Beatriz
Published: November 2022

The cardiovascular side effects associated with doxorubicin (DOX), a wide spectrum anticancer drug, have limited its clinical application. Therefore, to explore novel strategies with cardioprotective effects, a series of new labdane conjugates were prepared (6a–6c and 8a–8d) from the natural diterpene labdanodiol (1). These hybrid compounds contain anti‐inflammatory privileged structures such as naphthalimide, naphthoquinone, and furanonaphthoquinone. Biological activity of these conjugates against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity was tested in vitro and the potential molecular mechanisms of protective effects were explored in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Three compounds 6c, 8a, and 8b significantly improved cardiomyocyte survival, via inhibition of reactive oxygen species‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase) and autophagy mediated by Akt activation. Some structure–activity relationships were outlined, and the best activity was achieved with the labdane–furonaphthoquinone conjugate 8a having an N‐cyclohexyl substituent. The findings of this study pave the way for further investigations to obtain more compounds with potential cardioprotective activity.
Distribution of autoantibodies to insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 and zinc transporter 8 in type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes: A nationwide, multicentre, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fan Wenqi , Nan Xixi , Peng Yiman , Li Xia , Xiang Yufei , Yan Xiang , Xie Zhiguo , Zhou Houde , Tang Xiaohan , Cheng Jin , Niu Xiaohong , Liu Jing , Ji Qiuhe , Ji Linong , Huang Gan , Zhou Zhiguang
Published: November 2022

Aims

This study investigated insulinoma‐associated‐2 autoantibody (IA‐2A) and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) distribution in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and latent autoimmune diabetes (LAD) and the autoantibodies' association with clinical characteristics and HLA‐DR‐DQ genes.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study recruited 17,536 patients with diabetes from 46 hospitals across China. A total of 189 patients with T1D and 58 patients with LAD with IA‐2A positivity, 126 patients with T1D and 86 patients with LAD with ZnT8A positivity, and 231 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were selected to evaluate islet autoantibodies, clinical phenotypes, and HLA‐DR‐DQ gene frequency.

Results

IA‐2A was bimodally distributed in patients with T1D and LAD. Patients with low IA‐2A titre LAD had lower fasting C‐peptide (FCP) (p < 0.01), lower postprandial C‐peptide (PCP) (p < 0.001), and higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (p < 0.05) than patients with T2D. Patients with high IA‐2A titre LAD were younger than patients with low IA‐2A titre LAD (p < 0.05). Patients with low IA‐2A titre T1D had lower FCP (p < 0.01), lower PCP (p < 0.01), and higher HbA1c levels (p < 0.05) than patients with high IA‐2A titre LAD. HLA‐DR‐DQ genetic analysis demonstrated that the frequency of susceptible HLA haplotypes was higher in IA‐2A‐positive patients (p < 0.001) than in patients with T2D. Patients with high ZnT8A titre LAD had lower FCP (p = 0.045), lower PCP (p = 0.023), and higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.009) and a higher frequency of total susceptible haplotypes (p < 0.001) than patients with low ZnT8A titre LAD.

Conclusions

IA‐2A in patients with T1D and LAD was bimodally distributed, and the presence of IA‐2A could demonstrate partial LAD clinical characteristics. ZnT8A titre had a certain predictive value for islet functions in patients with LAD.
Role of renal tubular programed cell death in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhou Xiaojun , Xu Chunmei , Dong Jianjun , Liao Lin
Published: November 2022

The pathogenic mechanism of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is involved in various functions; however, its inadequate characterisation limits the availability of effective treatments. Tubular damage is closely correlated with renal function and is thought to be the main contributor to the injury observed in early DKD. Programed cell death (PCD) occurs during the biological development of the living body. Accumulating evidence has clarified the fundamental role of abnormalities in tubular PCD during DKD pathogenesis. Among PCD types, classical apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and pyroptosis are the most studied and will be the focus of this review. Our review aims to elucidate the current knowledge of the mechanism of DKD and the potential therapeutic potential of drugs targeting tubular PCD pathways in DKD.
Development of ventricular trabeculae affects electrical conduction in the early endothermic heart
Authors: Olejnickova Veronika , Hamor Peter Uriel , Janacek Jiri , Bartos Martin , Zabrodska Eva , Sankova Barbora , Kvasilova Alena , Kolesova Hana , Sedmera David
Published: November 2022

Background

The ventricular trabeculae play a role, among others, in the impulse spreading in ectothermic hearts. Despite the morphological similarity with the early developing hearts of endotherms, this trabecular function in mammalian and avian embryos was poorly addressed.

Results

We simulated impulse propagation inside the looping ventricle and revealed delayed apical activation in the heart with inhibited trabecular growth. This finding was corroborated by direct imaging of the endocardial surface showing early activation within the trabeculae implying preferential spreading of depolarization along with them. Targeting two crucial pathways of trabecular formation (Neuregulin/ErbB and Nkx2.5), we showed that trabecular development is also essential for proper conduction patterning. Persistence of the slow isotropic conduction likely contributed to the pumping failure in the trabeculae‐deficient hearts.

Conclusions

Our results showed the essential role of trabeculae in intraventricular impulse spreading and conduction patterning in the early endothermic heart. Lack of trabeculae leads to the failure of conduction parameters differentiation resulting in primitive ventricular activation with consequent impact on the cardiac pumping function.
Adaptations of cognitive remediation therapy for adolescents with anorexia nervosa for delivery via telehealth
Authors: Orloff Natalia C. , McGinley Kate , Lenz Katrina , Mack Amy S. , Timko C. Alix
Published: November 2022

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic hastened a transition to treatment delivery via telehealth. While barriers still exist, the increased uptake of telehealth has the potential to increase access to mental health treatment for all diagnoses, including eating disorders. Delivery of evidence‐based treatment as well as adjunctive treatments, including those that are hard to find in‐person, have been modified to virtual format to increase accessibility and allow for continuity of care for adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Method

We describe how to modify and deliver Cognitive Remediation Therapy for youth with anorexia nervosa (CRT‐AN) via a telehealth platform. Preliminary and practical guidance for best practice for both group and individual delivery is established.

Results

With minimal modifications, CRT‐AN can be delivered via telehealth for both individual and group delivery. More disengagement in group delivery was noted; however, overall application of the treatment via a remote platform was observed.

Discussion

As more treatment moves to a telehealth format, highlighting how an adjunctive treatment like CRT‐AN can combined with other treatments in a telehealth format has the potential to increase research in its implementation and furthermore increase its dissemination.

Public Significance

Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa (CRT‐AN) requires significant manipulation of materials and supplementary human guidance. Suggestions for how to modify CRT‐AN for remote delivery via telehealth are provided. Modifications grew out of immediate changes made during the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic and can be used to inform changes therapists and programs can make to continue to or begin to use CRT‐AN in a remote fashion.
Internal vertebral morphology of bony fishes matches the mechanical demands of different environments
Authors: Baxter Dana , Cohen Karly E. , Donatelli Cassandra M. , Tytell Eric D.
Published: November 2022

Fishes have repeatedly evolved characteristic body shapes depending on how close they live to the substrate. Pelagic fishes live in open water and typically have narrow, streamlined body shapes; benthic and demersal fishes live close to the substrate; and demersal fishes often have deeper bodies. These shape differences are often associated with behavioral differences: pelagic fishes swim nearly constantly, demersal fishes tend to maneuver near the substrate, and benthic fishes often lie in wait on the substrate. We hypothesized that these morphological and behavioral differences would be reflected in the mechanical properties of the body, and specifically in vertebral column stiffness, because it is an attachment point for the locomotor musculature and a central axis for body bending. The vertebrae of bony fishes are composed of two cones connected by a foramen, which is filled by the notochord. Since the notochord is more flexible than bony vertebral centra, we predicted that pelagic fishes would have narrower foramina or shallower cones, leading to less notochordal material and a stiffer vertebral column which might support continuous swimming. In contrast, we predicted that benthic and demersal fishes would have more notochordal material, making the vertebral column more flexible for diverse behaviors in these species. We therefore examined vertebral morphology in 79 species using micro‐computed tomography scans. Six vertebral features were measured including notochordal foramen diameter, centrum body length, and the cone angles and diameters for the anterior and posterior vertebral cones, along with body fineness. Using phylogenetic generalized least squares analyses, we found that benthic and pelagic species differed significantly, with larger foramina, shorter centra, and larger cones in benthic species. Thus, morphological differences in the internal shape of the vertebrae of fishes are consistent with a stiffer vertebral column in pelagic fishes and with a more flexible vertebral column in benthic species.
The rapid appearance of homostyly in a cultivated distylous population of Primula forbesii
Authors: Liu Cai‐Lei , Jia Yin , Li Yi‐Feng , Xiang Yuan‐Fen , Pan Yuan‐Zhi , Liu Qing‐Lin , Ma Ke‐Hang , Yin Xian‐Cai
Published: November 2022

Evolutionary breakdown from rigorous outbreeding to self‐fertilization frequently occurs in angiosperms. Since the pollinators are not necessary, self‐compatible populations often reduce investment in floral display characteristics and pollination reward. Primula forbesii is a biennial herb with distribution restricted to southwest China; it was initially a self‐incompatible distylous species, but after 20 years of artificial domestication, homostyly appeared. This change in style provides an ideal material to explore the time required for plant mating systems to adapt to new environmental changes and test whether flower attraction has reduced following transitions to selfing. We did a survey in wild populations of P. forbesii where its seeds were originally collected 20 years ago and recorded the floral morph frequencies and morphologies. The floral morphologies, self‐incompatibility, floral scent, and pollinator visitation between distyly and homostyly were compared in greenhouse. Floral morph frequencies of wild populations did not change, while the cultivated population was inclined to L‐morph and produced homostyly. Evidence from stigma papillae and pollen size supports the hypothesis that the homostyly possibly originated from mutations of large effect genes in distylous linkage region. Transitions to self‐compatible homostyly are accompanied by smaller corolla size, lower amounts of terpenoids, especially linalool and higher amounts of fatty acid derivatives. The main pollinators in the greenhouse were short‐tongued Apis cerana. However, homostyly had reduced visiting frequency. The mating system of P. forbesii changed rapidly in just about 20 years of domestication, and our findings confirm the hypothesis that the transition to selfing is accompanied by decreased flower attraction.
Synthesis of Isoxazolidine by Tandem CuAAC/Ring Cleavage/5‐endo‐trig Cyclization
Authors: Luo Danyang , Zhang Hongyi , Yi Wenxin , Li Guanrong , Chen Lanmei , Yang Weiguang
Published: November 2022

Copper‐catalyzed transformations of oxime ethers and sulfonyl azides were carried out to efficiently afford isoxazolidine. The reaction involved the tandem CuAAC/ring cleavage/rare 5‐endo‐trig cyclization procedures under mild condition. This methodology appears quite flexible and offers a capacity to generate the 2‐vinyl isoxazolidine products.
Impact ofSalmonellagenome rearrangement on gene expression
Authors: Waters Emma V. , Tucker Liam A. , Ahmed Jana K. , Wain John , Langridge Gemma C.
Published: November 2022

In addition to nucleotide variation, many bacteria also undergo changes at a much larger scale via rearrangement of their genome structure (GS) around long repeat sequences. These rearrangements result in genome fragments shifting position and/or orientation in the genome without necessarily affecting the underlying nucleotide sequence. To date, scalable techniques have not been applied to GS identification, so it remains unclear how extensive this variation is and the extent of its impact upon gene expression. However, the emergence of multiplexed, long-read sequencing overcomes the scale problem, as reads of several thousand bases are routinely produced that can span long repeat sequences to identify the flanking chromosomal DNA, allowing GS identification. Genome rearrangements were generated in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi through long-term culture at ambient temperature. Colonies with rearrangements were identified via long-range PCR and subjected to long-read nanopore sequencing to confirm genome variation. Four rearrangements were investigated for differential gene expression using transcriptomics. All isolates with changes in genome arrangement relative to the parent strain were accompanied by changes in gene expression. Rearrangements with similar fragment movements demonstrated similar changes in gene expression. The most extreme rearrangement caused a large imbalance between the origin and terminus of replication and was associated with differential gene expression as a factor of distance moved toward or away from the origin of replication. Genome structure variation may provide a mechanism through which bacteria can quickly adapt to new environments and warrants routine assessment alongside traditional nucleotide-level measures of variation.
18F‐fludeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET/CT) versus 68Ga‐DOTATATE‐PET/CT in patients with head and neck cancer: Comparisons and implications for treatment
Authors: Patel Rusha , Marano Gary , Joseph Joe , Chung Jeffson , Plata Andrew , Vos Jeffrey A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Tumor‐specific molecular imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not well established. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are found in solid tumors, including HNSCC. 68Ga‐DOTATATE, a commercially available radionuclide that binds SSTRs, may have utility in imaging HNSCC.

Methods

Patients with HNSCC received pretreatment imaging with 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT and 68Ga‐DOTATATE. Imaging was compared for concordance. When available, surgical resection specimens were compared to pretreatment imaging findings. Historic HNSCC tumor specimens were assessed for both SSTR and p16/human papilloma virus (HPV) expression.

Results

Twenty patients were imaged. Fifteen had oropharyngeal cancer. Primary tumor site was concordant between imaging modalities for all patients. One of 45 lymph nodes was discordant. Retrospective specimen review showed a significant correlation with SSTR expression and HPV/p16 expression. No adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

68Ga‐DOTATATE imaging is safe and effective in HNSCC. SSTR expression may be increased in HPV‐mediated tumors. Targeted therapies to SSTR should be explored.
Evaluation of overland flow modelling hypotheses with a multi‐objective calibration using discharge and sediment data
Authors: de Lavenne Alban , Lindström Göran , Strömqvist Johan , Pers Charlotta , Bartosova Alena , Arheimer Berit
Published: November 2022

Conceptual hydrological models can move towards process‐oriented modelling when addressing broader issues than discharge modelling alone. For instance, water quality modelling generally requires understanding of both pathways and travel times which might not be easily identified because observations at the outlet aggregate all processes at the catchment scale. In this study we tested if adding a second kind of observation, specifically sediment data, can help distinguish overland flow from total discharge. We applied a multi‐objective calibration on both discharge and suspended sediment concentration simulation performance to the World‐Wide Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE) model for 111 catchments spread over the USA. Results show that in comparison to two calibrations made one after the other, the multi‐objective calibration leads to a significant improvement on the simulation performance of suspended sediments without a significant impact on the performance of discharge. New modelling hypotheses for overland flow calculations are proposed and resulted in similar discharge performances as the original one but with fewer parameters, which reduces equifinality and can prevent unwarranted model complexity in data‐poor areas.
Antimony fluoride (SbF3): A potent hole suppressor for tin(II)‐halide perovskite devices
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Kim Soonhyo , Reo Youjin , Kim Yong‐Sung , Bai Sai , Noh Yong‐Young
Published: November 2022

Tin (Sn2+)‐based halide perovskites have been developed as the most promising alternatives to their toxic Pb‐based counterparts in optoelectronic devices. However, the facile tin vacancy formation and easy oxidization characteristics make Sn2+‐based perovskites highly p‐doped with excessive hole concentrations, which significantly hinder their applications. Herein, we demonstrate a potent hole inhibitor of antimony fluoride (SbF3), which possesses a higher hole‐suppression capability than conventional tin fluoride (SnF2). A small amount of SbF3 allows a wide range of hole‐density modulation with no or less SnF2 addition, thus mitigating the negative effects of using only SnF2. A SnF2/SbF3 co‐additive approach was further developed to achieve high‐performance Sn2+ perovskite thin‐film transistors operated in the enhancement mode with a five‐fold enhancement of the field‐effect mobility and improved operational stability compared to using only SnF2. We expect that the SbF3 hole suppressor and co‐additive approach can provide opportunities for the development of high‐efficiency Sn2+‐perovskite optoelectronic devices.

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A bibliometric investigation into the literature of semantic reasoning in internet of things
Authors: Shayegan Mohammad Javad
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, semantic interoperability is a new keyword in the Internet of Things (IoT). The constant need for interaction and cooperation has resulted in the creation of the Semantic Web with the help of tools and reasoners which manage personal information. Given the significance of the IoT and the increasing use of semantic techniques in this field, the present bibliometric investigation was conducted in the domain of semantic reasoning in the IoT. In this study, through the analysis of 799 articles retrieved from the Web of Science database, distribution of topic categories, prolific and influential authors, the language of articles, publishers of articles and their geographical distribution, the most debated/researched and the most frequently cited articles, and keyword trends were studied. The results of this study shows that 10 countries produced 84% of the total documents, with China being in the lead. Other interesting findings have been reported in the paper.
Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Acute Fracture Healing: A Phase II Screening Randomized Double‐Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Slobogean Gerard P. , Bzovsky Sofia , O'Hara Nathan N. , Marchand Lucas S. , Hannan Zachary D. , Demyanovich Haley K. , Connelly Daniel W. , Adachi Jonathan D. , Thabane Lehana , Sprague Sheila ,   the Vita‐Shock Investigators
Published: November 2022

Nearly half of adult fracture patients are vitamin D deficient (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels <20 ng/mL). Many surgeons advocate prescribing vitamin D supplements to improve fracture healing outcomes; however, data supporting the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplements to improve acute fracture healing are lacking. We tested the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation for improving tibia and femur fracture healing. We conducted a single‐center, double‐blinded phase II screening randomized controlled trial with a 12‐month follow‐up. Patients aged 18–50 years receiving an intramedullary nail for a tibia or femoral shaft fracture were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive (i) 150,000 IU loading dose vitamin D3 at injury and 6 weeks (n = 27); (ii) 4000 IU vitamin D3 daily (n = 24); (iii) 600 IU vitamin D3 daily (n = 24); or (iv) placebo (n = 27). Primary outcomes were clinical fracture healing (Function IndeX for Trauma [FIX‐IT]) and radiographic fracture healing (Radiographic Union Score for Tibial fractures [RUST]) at 3 months. One hundred two patients with a mean age of 29 years (standard deviation 8) were randomized. The majority were male (69%), and 56% were vitamin D3 deficient at baseline. Ninety‐nine patients completed the 3‐month follow‐up. In our prespecified comparisons, no clinically important or statistically significant differences were detected in RUST or FIX‐IT scores between groups when measured at 3 months and over 12 months. However, in a post hoc comparison, high doses of vitamin D3 were associated with improved clinical fracture healing relative to placebo at 3 months (mean difference [MD] 0.90, 80% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 1.79; p = 0.16) and within 12 months (MD 0.89, 80% CI, 0.05 to 1.74; p = 0.18). The study was designed to identify potential evidence to support the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation in improving acute fracture healing. Vitamin D3 supplementation, particularly high doses, might modestly improve acute tibia or femoral shaft fracture healing in healthy adults, but confirmatory studies are required. The Vita‐Shock trial was awarded the Orthopaedic Trauma Association's (OTA) Bovill Award in 2020. This award is presented annually to the authors of the most outstanding OTA Annual Meeting scientific paper. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Analysis of the adiponectin paradox in healthy older people
Authors: Walowski Carina O. , Herpich Catrin , Enderle Janna , Braun Wiebke , Both Marcus , Hasler Mario , Müller Manfred J. , Norman Kristina , Bosy‐Westphal Anja
Published: November 2022

Background

It remains unknown why adiponectin levels are associated with poor physical functioning, skeletal muscle mass and increased mortality in older populations.

Methods

In 190 healthy adults (59–86 years, BMI 17–37 kg/m2, 56.8% female), whole body skeletal muscle mass (normalized by height, SMI, kg/m2), muscle and liver fat were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were assessed by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (n = 135). Levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), insulin, inflammation markers, leptin and fibroblast growth factor 21 were measured as potential determinants of the relationship between adiponectin and body composition.

Results

Higher adiponectin levels were associated with a lower SMI (r = −0.23, P < 0.01), BMC (r = −0.17, P < 0.05) and liver fat (r = −0.20, P < 0.05) in the total population and with higher muscle fat in women (r = 0.27, P < 0.01). By contrast, IGF‐1 showed positive correlations with SMI (r = 0.33), BMD (r = 0.37) and BMC (r = 0.33) (all P < 0.01) and a negative correlation with muscle fat (r = −0.17, P < 0.05). IGF‐1 was negatively associated with age (r = −0.21, P < 0.01) and with adiponectin (r = −0.15, P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analyses revealed that IGF‐1, insulin and leptin explained 18% of the variance in SMI, and IGF‐1, leptin and age explained 16% of the variance in BMC, whereas adiponectin did not contribute to these models.

Conclusions

Associations between higher adiponectin levels and lower muscle or bone mass in healthy older adults may be explained by a decrease in IGF‐1 with increasing adiponectin levels.