bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE FORMATION OF HIGH-DENSITY LOW-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kryzhantovska O. A. , Rumilec T. S. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Morozova T. T. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: February 2021

The article discusses key issues related to the historical prerequisites for the formation of a high-density low-rise residential development. This is a complex and long process, the stages of which took place at different times and in different countries of the world. Today, such a building is very promising for modern rapidly growing cities, so it is important to track the history of its formation and the features of such planning decisions at different times. Such architecture can become a new vector in the development of modern cities, because low-rise residential buildings are much more comfortable than high-rise buildings. The article gives examples of low-rise city houses in different histories and in different countries. The aim of this work is to review the historical background of the formation of modern high-density low-rise buildings. The following historical examples of low-rise high-density buildings are considered: early single-family residential buildings of the ancient settlements of Mesopotamia and Egypt, residential buildings in Ancient Greece and Rome, blocked residential buildings for workers in the 19th century. In the UK, townhouses of the 1920s and 30s. In the USA, etc. The article shows the planning decisions and the appearance of low-rise high-density residential buildings. The main features of such houses are quarterly development, large-scale man, blocked development and the presence of a small house area.
INFLUENCE OF RAIN GARDENS ON THE QUALITY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ODESSA)
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kyselovа G. V. , Kyselov V. N. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kramarenko M. O. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the problems of sustainable development of the urban environment, which in addition to urban and architectural aspects include the problems of urban ecology. One of the important issues that needs to be addressed is the management of urban wastewater. In the long run, it is necessary to invest in sustainable infrastructure, upgrade urban systems and plant green spaces. Stormwater management allows you to apply a comprehensive approach to solving this problem, and to increase economic efficiency city. However, investments in this problem are of a long-term nature, and alternative solution of the problem could be the arrangement of rain gardens in urban space. The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze rain gardens as part of a sustainable urban development strategy. The methodological basis of the study was a number of scientific works related to the study of issues related to the improvement of urban planning, ecology of urban areas, as well as the study of the theory of cultural landscape and the theory of the ecological frame of the city. The article deals with the world examples of gardens, the main task of which is rainwater harvesting. Based on the analysis of world experience, we can conclude that rain gardens can be designed as a separate object of landscape architecture or as an element of urban space. Modern research has shown that bio-drainage structures (consisting of large gardens and parks) can be effective for improving water quality and maintaining hydrological function, even when the air temperature drops below zero. Studies show that, with proper site analysis, careful design and responsible plant selection, bio-drainage systems can work well even in regions with cold climates. In addition to performing their basic functions, rain gardens have an aesthetic component - they are beautiful elements of decoration, walkings paths in the park, city streets, roads and public buildings.
The Comparative Study of Politeness in Pashto and English Languages
Authors: Bacha Mian Shah , Rustum Rabia
Published: February 2021

This research study aims at finding out the expressions of politeness in the Pashto Language. The data were collected from the respondents of the Pashto Language through a questionnaire of the open role-play situations of requesting and apologizing. The questionnaire was adopted from Reiter`s Study (2000), and it was also translated into the Pashto language. House and Kasper`s (1989) Analytical framework and coding scheme were applied for the analysis of the data of both the languages. The results show that politeness exists both in the Pashto language and British English, but the respondents of British English have shown more consideration towards negative politeness than the respondents of the Pashto Language. The British respondents have also shown a need to spare the hearer`s (addressee`s) face. Even, in British English, a need to respect the addressee`s negative face was also shown, corresponding to his/her distance, degree of individuation and other considerations.
True Grit and the Positivity of Faith
Authors: Malcolm Finlay , Scott Michael
Published: February 2021

Most contemporary accounts of the nature of faith explicitly defend what we call ‘the positivity theory of faith’ – the theory that faith must be accompanied by a favourable evaluative belief, or a desire towards the object of faith. This paper examines the different varieties of the positivity theory and the arguments used to support it. Whilst initially plausible, we find that the theory faces numerous problematic counterexamples, and show that weaker versions of the positivity theory are ultimately implausible. We discuss a distinct property of faith that we call ‘true grit’, such that faith requires one to be resilient toward the evidential, practical, and psychological challenges that it faces. We show how true grit is necessary for faith, and provides a simpler and less problematic explanation of the evidence used to support the positivity theory.
Economic calculations of the potential of renewable bioenergy production in formation of energy independence of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Kaletnik Grygorii , Honcharuk Inna
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to calculate the potential for energy independence of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine based on the sustainable development principles. Research methods. Among the methods used: abstract-logical (to determine the essence and mechanisms of ensuring energy independence of economic systems and the agro-industrial complex); economic and statistical (for analyzing the potential of renewable bioenergy in order to form energy independence); comparative analysis (to determine the institutional contours of the priority of the use of renewable bioenergy in the formation of energy independence of the agro-industrial complex). Research results. The area of agricultural land is calculated, which will ensure the cultivation of the required amount of crop and livestock products for food consumption in accordance with the norms of the physiological needs of the population of Ukraine in basic nutrients. The analysis of the export of agricultural products by commodity groups was carried out and the calculations of the amount of agricultural land required for its provision were made. The volume of gross international reserves and the trends of their formation in dynamics from 2009 to 2020 are analyzed. Scientific novelty. The world volume of corn production, corn export by the largest producing countries and the share of its processing for biofuels were investigated. Studied and systematized the foreign experience of the USA, Germany, Brazil, Czech Republic, China, India and other countries-producers of biofuel, which use as raw materials sugarcane, corn, sugar beet, corn silage, animal husbandry and crop waste. Practical significance. The formation of the structure of sown areas under energy crops with high rates of bioenergy yield from one ton of raw materials and one hectare of sowing has been carried out, as well as the calculation of the possible volumes of production of such energy in Ukraine. The number of livestock of farm animals husbandry is given, the volume of animal waste generation in Ukraine and the potential for biogas production from manure are calculated. In addition, it was found that the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine, without a threat to the food security of the state and export potential, has the ability to provide energy independence of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and the state as a whole.
Clusters as an innovative organizational and economic form of efficient agricultural production in the system of sustainable development
Authors: Kernasiuk Yurii
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to highlight the conceptual understanding of the cluster as an innovative organizational and economic form of production in the system of sustainable development on the example of the agricultural sector and substantiate the scientific basis for ensuring its implementation at the regional level. Research methods. When carrying out the research, a set of general scientific methods and techniques was used; monographic - in the study of domestic and foreign publications and the above-mentioned problems; a systematic approach based on the principles of systems analysis and synthesis - to substantiate the relationship between sustainable development, the efficiency of agricultural production and the cluster model; abstract-logical - for the theoretical generalization of research results and determination of measures to ensure the implementation of the cluster model of agricultural development; economic analysis - to study the efficiency of agricultural production. Research results. The essence of the cluster in modern economic theory in the context of the concept of sustainable development has been studied and analyzed. Globalization, climate change and the aggravation of socio-economic and environmental problems in many countries of the world necessitate the search for new models of economic development. It has been established that one of the most optimal organizational and economic forms of effective agricultural production in the system of sustainable development is clusters. On the example of the Kirovograd region, a scientifically grounded regional model of the development of agro-clusters in the agro-industrial complex. Scientific novelty. Based on the synthesis of scientific theories of cluster and sustainable development, further study of theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the essence of clusters as a promising organizational and economic form of effective agricultural production in the system of sustainable development was obtained. Practical significance. The research results will find practical use in substantiating regional strategies for the development of agro-industrial production. They can be used in educational and educational programs, when providing consulting services for the creation of projects of agricultural clusters and in further scientific research.
The comparative study of Iran's export of nuts and dried fruits with rival countries: USA, China and Turkey
Authors: Sadegh Ebrahimi Mohammad
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article was to investigate the status of Iran's export of nuts and dried fruits compared to those of competing countries: US, China and Turkey. Research methods. The necessary data was collected from the faostat database for four countries (USA, China, Turkey and Iran). Also the data for production and export of nuts and dried fruits in Iran were also extracted from the Ministry of Agriculture and Statistics Center in Iran. Research results. The most important of nuts and dried fruits in Iran include pistachio and raisin. Sustainable non-oil export revenues, especially revenues from export of nuts and dried fruits in addition to the continuation of sustainable production can be achive to agricultural development and economic development of the country. The results of this research showed that Iran has 20% of the market value of exported products for nuts and dried fruit. But in recent years have been able to rival countries with proper planning a significant share of the global market gain of nuts and dried fruits. Scientific novelty. There is a significant competitor for Iran in the field of export of nuts and dried fruits with countries such as: USA, China and Turkey. Statistics and information provided shows that Iran, in order to maintain their competitiveness in the global market, should be have comprehensive properly planned. Practical significance. One third non-oil export of Iran is dedicated to the export of nuts and dried fruits. Futurism can be very important for the sustainable export of these products in the form of scientific research.
Formation of indices and indicators of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture: theoretical and methodological approaches
Authors: Shpykuliak Oleksandr , Ivanchenko Vitalii
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of indices and indicators of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Research methods. The research uses dialectical methods of scientific knowledge of the formation of indices and indicators of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture, primarily analysis and synthesis. Empirical methods of cognition, such as description, measurement and comparison, were also used to characterize the quantitative indicators of indicators of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Statistical index and correlation-regression methods were used for the analysis of sustainable development indices. Research results. In the process of disclosing theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of indices and indicators of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture, it is established that in determining indicators and indices of sustainability of entrepreneurship should make maximum use of existing national and sectoral systems for monitoring and assessing the national economy integration with the possibility of their supplementation and full integration. All calculations should be performed by analyzing statistical reporting and summary statistical indicators of entrepreneurship in agriculture. The system of indicators with which to judge the individual aspects of business development should be built by dividing it into groups - environmental, social and economic. All indices should be built on the methods of integrated and aggregate indices, which can be used to comprehensively judge the development of entrepreneurship in agriculture and the country as a whole. Such indicators should be divided into economic-ecological, ecological-social, socio-economic groups and a separate index of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture. Scientific novelty. The main theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of indices and indicators of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture are revealed and the scheme of their construction is proposed and the list of the main indicators of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in agriculture by components is given. Practical significance. The presented theoretical and methodological approaches should be used as a basis for building indices and indicators of sustainable business development.
Indonesia: Paid Plastic Bag Policy: Its Concept and Relevance to Pollution-Levy Principles
Authors: Hasan Dahliana
Published: February 2021

This research aims to determine and analyse the categories of levies in the paid plastic bag policy in Indonesia, and its relevance to pollution levies. Based on analysis, this research comes to the following conclusion: the paid plastic bags policy in Indonesia cannot be categorised as a tax or charge. The main characteristics of taxes or charges are not contained in the policy of paid plastic bags, especially in terms of the legal relationship between the parties. Paying for plastic bags fits in much better with the general concept of a pollution levy. In the context of imposing a cost on consumers, the relevance of this policy to pollution-levy principles could be seen from the attainable objective, namely altering consumer behaviour through pricing. This study contributes to current global literature in the field of the use of the levy concept in the paid plastic bag policy and its relevance to pollution abatement principles.
Developing a Conceptual Model for Identifying Determinants of Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Kabir Muhammad Humayun , Mahbubul Alam Md
Published: February 2021

The conceptual model seems to be an integral part of academic research. Any conceptual model should be developed based on theoretical reasoning and practical relevance of the topic. However, for most instances, climate change adaptation studies do not ground on such rationale and relevance. A relatively lower R2 value of such studies further indicates a lack of care for developing the conceptual modelling of the study. Thus, the current study attempted to propose a conceptual model for assessing the determinants of farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Bangladesh. A three-stage approach was used in constructing the model. First, relevant literatures were collected and analysed. Second, a list of factors compiled from the first stage (i.e., analysis of literature review) was refined using the Delphi method. Finally, the result of the Delphi method was cross-evaluated by Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Based on this, the present study proposes a multi-dimensional conceptual model that includes personal, economic, institutional and environmental determinants and might influence farmers’ adaptation decision to climate change. This finding is expected to be suitable, in particular, for Bangladesh and other developing countries in general. Most importantly, it is expected to guide future research in assessing the factors influencing farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change effect and other similar events such as adopting agricultural technologies.
Additive Models of Single-tree Biomass Sensitive to Temperature and Precipitation in Eurasia – A Comparative Study for Larix spp. and Quercus spp.
Authors: Usoltsev Vladimir Andreevich , Shobairi Seyed Omid Reza , Tsepordey Ivan Stepanovich
Published: February 2021

In the context of current climate change, it is important to know the patterns characterising the response of forest trees to the dynamics of air temperature and precipitation. In this study, the first attempt to model changes of additive component composition of genera Larix spp. and Quercus spp. aboveground biomass according to Eurasian gradients of January’s mean temperature and annual mean precipitation is made, taking into account regional particularities of tree age and morphology structure. In the process of modelling, the database of single-tree biomass for forest-forming species in Eurasia is used. According to our results, the factors limiting the biomass of trees differ not only between the two tree genera but also between different components of biomass within the genus. In larches, the reaction of the biomass of all components to an increase in precipitation in cold zones is directly opposite in comparison with oaks, i.e. it decreases as precipitation increases. But in warm areas, the reactions of the two genera to increased precipitation coincide, i.e. precipitation does not affect the biomass of all components, both in larches and oaks. In wet areas, larch biomass components react to temperature increases in the opposite way, i.e. the aboveground and stem biomass increases, but the biomass of foliage and branches decreases. In dry areas, the reaction to the temperature of all larch and oak biomass components is unambiguous and opposite, i.e. there is a decrease in the larch biomass of all components as temperatures rise, and in oak biomass vice versa. This situation is discussed in terms of limiting factors.
Research on promoting factors of “Internet Plus Innovation and Entrepreneurship” based on the perspective of cloud analysis and fuzz analysis method
Authors: Yu Weiwei , Wang Sijie
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of “Internet plus” in our country, the scope of its influence is also constantly expanding. Especially in recent years, China puts forward “mass entrepreneurship and innovation”, which makes the “cloud analysis” and “Internet plus” and “innovation” to start cross-border integration. Starting with the background, development stage, environment and other aspects of Internet-plus entrepreneurship and innovation under the cloud analysis, this paper analyzes the influence of various factors in the process of Internet plus entrepreneurship and innovation and the influence degree of various factors on entrepreneurship and innovation in depth, constructs the entrepreneurship and innovation evaluation index system based on the “Internet plus”, and finally, combined with an example to verify the index system and fusion analysis method. The verification results show that the “Internet plus” entrepreneurship and innovation based on the perspective of cloud analysis in this paper can not only directly demonstrate the promoting factors of “entrepreneurship and innovation “under Internet plus”, but also be scientific and effective when evaluating the “Internet plus” entrepreneurship and innovation activities from the perspective of cloud analysis.
Artificial intelligent based fuzzy game analysis of migrant students’ studying based on performance and fairness
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Zhong
Published: February 2021

Artificial Intelligence based Fuzzy Importance Performance Analysis Model (AFIPA)With the transformation of economic system, migrant workers transfer employment from underdeveloped areas to economically developed areas, and children’s reading has become one of the important things for migrant workers and families. With the increase of children in the immigration area year by year, the pressure on education in the immigration area has gradually increased, which has become one of the social problems to be solved by the government in the immigration area. The speed of school construction cannot keep up with the growth of children, and because it takes up a lot of resources, funds and manpower, the government is not very enthusiasticin the immigration area. The stakeholders involved are always playing a game. How to achieve the best state is a difficult problem. After the central government’s policywereissuedabout solving the enrollment problem of migrant workers’children in school, local acceptance criteria for admitting migrant children to school were formulated. However, when lowering the admission threshold, all localities always look to other areas for fear of falling too low to become a basin of confluence, which cause an unbearable burden. In this paper fuzzy based analytic theory has been analysed Through the game analysis of various stakeholders, and taking Shengze Town, Jiangsu Province as an example, this paper puts forward some fuzzy policy suggestions, hoping to provide some new experience in promoting migrant children’s education in the future.
ISLAMIC CULTURAL NOTES IN ELT INSTRUCTION IN THE ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS OF HARAMAIN NAHDLATUL WATHAN NARMADA, WEST NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Irawan Lalu Ari , Haerazi Haerazi
Published: February 2021

Islamic contents and English were taught at Islamic Boarding School (IBS) Haramain Nahdlatul Wathan (NW) Narmada. English is taught as a general subject and compulsory subject as well. An English community (Language Asrama) is established by Kiai. It is aimed at practicing speaking English and exercising public speaking skills. IBS Haramain NW Narmada includes one of the IBSs in Indonesia in which it reflected Islamic values, cultures, and indoctrination in its teaching and learning. The pieces of evidence showed that this institution taught English for students (Santri) as a tool to gain global information around the world. Dealing with the ELT classrooms, IBS Haramian NW Narmada employed some learning strategies reflecting Islamic cultures and values such as syawir, Lalar, Hafal (memorizing), and Setoran (deposit). The strong emphasis on Arabic and English in daily communication addresses the immersion language program. It is a method applied to teach foreign languages. Based on the application, the IBS Haramain NW Narmada applied a total immersion program, in which Arabic and English are the target languages.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE NANO HYBRID BULK FILL COMPOSITE AND NANO HYBRID FLOWABLE COMPOSITE IN CLASS I RESTORATIONS--- AN IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: Tomer Anil K. , Mushtaq Hysum , Saxena Anila Krishna , Bhatt Megna , Tyagi Ayush , Cecilia Lungdin Leima
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a nano filled flowable and nano hybrid bulk fill resin composite in class I restorations.

Methods and Materials: Twenty patients were selected for this in vivo study. Each patient received at least one pair of restorations, restored with nano hybrid bulk fill resin composite (IPS Empress direct [IED]) and nano hybrid Tetric N Ceram flowable composite [TNC]. Each restorative resin system was used with its respective adhesive system according to manufacturers’ instructions.

A total of 40 class I restorations were placed by one operator.  Restorations were blindly evaluated by two examiners at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months respectively using modified US Public Health Service Ryge criteria.

The data obtained was statistically analyzed using Chi square test to compare the two restorative materials for each category.

Results: At 3, 6 and 12, months, recall rate was 100%, 95% and 85%, respectively, with a retention rate of 100%. There were statistically significant differences between the two restorative resins in terms of marginal adaptation and marginal discoloration (p<0.05).

No differences were observed between the restorative resins in terms of retention (p<0.05). None of the restorations showed postoperative sensitivity, or loss of anatomic form.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, nano hybrid bulk fill composite resin viz. IPS EMPRESS DIRECT showed better clinical performance than nano filled flowable composite in terms of marginal discoloration and marginal adaptation.

Keywords: direct composite, bulk, hybrid filled resin
COMPARISON OF SYSTEMIC CURCUMIN AND INTRALESIONAL STEROID INJECTIONS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS: A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: Pai Anuradha , Laishram Binika
Published: February 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of curcumin to intralesional steroid injections in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Study design: Forty patients with clinically and histologically proven OSMF were divided into 2 groups. Group I patients were given oral administration of 2 capsules of curcumin 300mg once daily for 3 months. Group II patients were given weekly intralesional injections of a combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronidase for six weeks and antioxidant capsules (Cap. SM Fibro - Alpha lipoic acid 50mg, Beta-carotene 10mg, Elemental copper 1mg, Elemental selenium 75mcg, Lycopene 5mg, Vitamin E 10 IU, Zinc sulphate 27.45mg) once daily for 3 months. Patients were assessed for burning sensation, inter incisal distance, cheek flexibility and tongue protrusion at an interval of every 15 days for 3 months. Physiotherapy for mouth opening was advised twice daily for 6 weeks in both the groups and assessed in each visit.

Results: Both curcumin group and intralesional injection group showed reduction in burning sensation with p<0.05 which was statistically significant at 75 days. Statistically significant improvement was noted in inter incisal distance, cheek flexibility and tongue protrusion at 30 days and 75 days of the study period in the both the groups.

Conclusion: Curcumin capsule is effective, safe and alternative treatment modality in OSMF.
Assistência à Saúde da Criança com Câncer na Produção Científica Brasileira
Authors: Mutti Cintia Flores , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Souto Marise Dutra
Published: February 2021

No Brasil, a partir dos dados obtidos do registro de câncer de base populacional, observou-se que câncer infantil varia de 1% a 4,6%. É uma especialidade contemporânea e tem seu corpo de conhecimento e prática em processo de construção. O objetivo da pesquisa foi mapear as produções científicas brasileiras da temática de câncer em crianças. Para tanto, foi feita a seleção dos artigos disponíveis on-line na íntegra e sua classificação, segundo as variáveis: ano, região, subárea e tipo de estudo; e a análise da tendência e natureza. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão, com abordagem descritiva quanti-qualitativa. A busca bibliográfica foi efetuada na base de dados Lilacs. Foram selecionados para análise 44 artigos, nos quais a região brasileira com maior destaque foi a Sudeste, seguida pela Sul. Evidenciou-se um traçado ascendente do quantitativo das publicações na distribuição por período, entre 1982-2007. Na Área das Ciências da Saúde, destacaram-se as produções tipo pesquisa, principalmente nas subáreas da Enfermagem e Medicina. A natureza predominante das pesquisas foi a clínico-epidemiológica, seguida da sociocultural; e a tendência foi absolutamente curativa. Concluiu-se o quanto é complexo o processo de adoecimento da criança com câncer e o prejuízo biopsicossocial que afeta a criança, a família e os profissionais envolvidos neste processo. A oncologia pediátrica configura um desafio para os pesquisadores e para a equipe multiprofissional, tanto na prevenção quanto no cuidado paliativo, evidenciando que essas ações ainda representam lacunas na produção científica brasileira.
Sustentabilidade e Inovação na Administração da Informação
Authors: Silva Dione Gelton da
Published: February 2021

Contemporaneamente, grandes organizações têm demonstrado sua preocupação com sua inovação seja de processos, seja de projetos utilizando a sustentabilidade no seu planejamento, execução e monitoramento. É evidente que há início de escassez de alguns recursos e observa-se também que utilizar o tema sustentável agrega valores diante do mercado, servindo como um diferencial competitivo, num mercado cada vez mais cruel e impessoal. Esta pesquisa objetivou tratar na geração e administração da informação de modo inovador e sustentável em uma organização. Empregou-se a pesquisa do tipo documental e inferiu-se como resultado que a sustentabilidade aliada à inovação tecnológica traz benefícios para os clientes. Portanto, propõe-se que a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) contribua tanto com a inovação, quanto com a sustentabilidade das organizações contemporâneas, consequentemente, gerando valor para elas.
Deteksi Dini Dan Pencegahan Penyakit Degeneratif Pada Masyarakat Wilayah Mutiara Home Care
Authors: Amila Amia , Sembiring Evarina , Aryani Novita
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAKPenyakit degeneratif merupakan penyakit kronik menahun yang banyak mempengaruhi kualitas hidup serta produktivitas seseorang. Umumnya masyarakat baru memeriksakan diri setelah timbul gejala, padahal deteksi dini penyakit penting dilakukan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk upaya preventif dan meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang deteksi dini gejala, komplikasi, pencegahan, dan terapi penyakit degeneratif khususnya penyakit hipertensi, DM, aterosklerosis, osteoporosis kepada masyarakat di sekitar Klinik Mutiara Homecare Kelurahan Dwikora. Pengabdian masyarakat ini terdiri dari 2 kegiatan utama, yaitu pemeriksaan indeks massa tubuh, tekanan darah, gula darah, asam urat dan kolesterol dan pendidikan kesehatan bagi masyarakat tentang penyakit degeneratif. Hasil kegiatan  didapatkan bahwa mayoritas memiliki tekanan darah sistolik <130 mmHg sebesar 60% dan tekanan darah diastolik < 90 mmHg sebesar 58%, memiliki Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) 25-29,9 kg/m2  (obesitas) sebesar 32%,  kadar asam urat normal sebesar 66%, gula darah sewaktu < 140 mg/dL sebesar 86%, kolesterol total > 200 mg/dL sebesar 60%. Peningkatan kualitas kesehatan perlu dilakukan dengan membangun kesadaran dan peningkatan edukasi serta melakukan kontrol kesehatan secara teratur ke pusat kesehatan terdekat. Kata Kunci : Penyakit degeneratif, asam urat, gula darah, IMT, kolesterol   ABSTRACTDegenerative disease is a chronic disease that affects the quality of life and productivity of a person.In general, people only have to check themselves after symptoms occur, even though early disease detection is important. The purpose of community service activites is preventive effort and increase knowledge about early detection of symptom, complication, prevention and treatment of degenerative diseases especially hypertension, DM, atherosclerosis and osteoporosis to the community around Mutiara Home Care Clinic, Dwikora Village. This community service consists of 2 main activites, namely examination of body mass index (BMI, blood pressure, blood sugar, uric acid and cholesterol and public health education about degenerative diseases. The results of this community service activites were majority had systolic blood pressure of <130 mmHg (60,0%) and diastolic blood pressure of < 90 mmHg (58%), BMI of 25-29,9 kg/m2  (obesity) as many as 32%, normal uric acid levels (66%), blood sugar at one time < 140 mg/dL (86%), total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL (60%) The increase of the quality of health needs to be done by building awareness and increased education to community and control to the nearest health center.  Keywords : degenerative disease, uric acid, blood sugar levels, BMI, cholesterol
Penyuluhan Pencegahan Penularan Corona Virus dengan Mematuhi Protokol Kesehatan di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Kota Karang Bandar Lampung
Authors: Hafizhdillah Alif Rizky , Purwaningrum Ratna , Kheru Akhmad , Eksa Dwi Robbiardy , Mustofa Festy Ladyani , Rafie Rakhmi
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAK COVID-19 menyebabkan penyakit yang menyerang sistem pernapasan pada manusia. Virus ini telah menginfeksi jutaan orang sehingga menyebabkan angka kematian yang tinggi bagi penderitannya di seluruh dunia. Masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar puskesmas kota sangat rentan terhadap penularan COVID-19. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi dan pendampingan kepada masyarakat di sekitar puskesmas rawat inap kota karang untuk menerapkan protokol Kesehatan agar terhindar dari penularan COVID-19. Kegiatan ini juga diikuti dengan pemberian poster, masker dan bertujuan memberikan penyuluhan pencegahan penyebaran virus corona. Kegiatan penyeluhan ini dilakukan pada hari jumat tanggal 18 Desember 2020 oleh 10 orang mahasiswa dan 3 kader puskesmas dengan penyuluhan tersebut masyarakat menjadi lebih mengetahui pentingnya menjaga protokol Kesehatan dan mengetahui cara pencegahan penyebaran virus corona. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pentingnya protokol Kesehatan dan cara pencegahan penularan virus corona.Kata Kunci: Penyuluhan, Covid-19, Masyarakat ABSTRACT COVID-19 causes diseases that affect the human respiratory system. The coronavirus has infected millions of people around the world causing high death rates among the patients. People living in the vicinity of the Public Health Center (PHC) are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 transmission. This activity aimed to provide education and assistance to the community around the PHC in Tanjung Karang City to implement health protocols that help avoid the transmission of COVID-19. This activity was also followed by distributing posters and masks, and counseling to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. This activity was conducted on Friday, December 18, 2020, by 10 students and 3 PHC staff. Through counseling, the community became more aware of the importance of maintaining health protocols and understanding how to prevent the spread of coronavirus. The result of this activity is the increasing public awareness about the importance of health protocols and ways to prevent the transmission of coronavirusKeywords: Counseling, Covid-19, community
Skills and Human Resources Development in Improving Employee Performance
Authors: Zaeni Nurhaeda , Bahasoan Shandra , Haeranah Haeranah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to test the influence of Skill and human resource development on the performance of Civil Servants at the Cultural Heritage Preservation Center of South Sulawesi. The data used questionnaires that were distributed to respondents. The data collected using the list of questions (indicators) submitted as a measuring instrument using modification of the likert scale. The sample of this study was a group of employees at the South Sulawesi Cultural Heritage Preservation Center of 100 respondents. Where all employees have different charateristics from high school education level to magister (S2) and based on work experience. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively using multiple linear regression methods. This method is used when conducting analysis on the influence of Skill and Human Resource Development on the Performance of Civil Servants at the Cultural Heritage Preservation Center of South Sulawesi. The result show that skill and development of human resources have a positive and significant effect on employee performance and, should routinely provide that Skill to its employees and has more attention to the performance of its employees. Employees who are considered to be under-performing, it is best to develop the employee.
Influence of Nano-silica and Crack Width on Corrosion Parameters of Pre-cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Nosratzehi Naser , Miri Mahmoud
Published: February 2021

This paper presents an experimental study on the durability of both sound and cracked reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens. Using nano-silica (NS) can improve the durability properties of reinforced concrete. So, RC beams with three nano-silica percentages of 0 %, 1.5 %, and 3 % were prepared. In addition, to consider the effect of cracking on corrosion, crack widths between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, and cover depths of 30 mm and 45 mm were considered. All beam specimens were subjected to 5 % NaCl solution and monitored weekly for half-cell potentials (HCP). The presented results include the HCP evaluation and diffusion factor values in sound and cracked concrete beams exposed to chloride attack. The experimental results indicated that the chloride diffusion coefficient increases with extending crack width. Nano-silica improved the permeability characteristics of concrete, HCP and also diffusion factor values. Regressive models of the chloride diffusion factor and HCP values were proposed for influencing parameters, i.e., nano-silica and crack width with two different cover depths.
Set Theoretical Variants of Optimization Algorithms for System Reliability-based Design of Truss Structures
Authors: Kaveh Ali , Biabani Hamedani Kiarash , Kamalinejad Mohammad
Published: February 2021

In this paper, recently developed set theoretical variants of the teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm and the shuffled shepherd optimization algorithm (SSOA) are employed for system reliability-based design optimization (SRBDO) of truss structures. The set theoretical variants are designed based on a simple framework in which the population of candidate solutions is divided into some number of smaller well-arranged sub-populations. In addition, the framework is applied to the Jaya algorithm, leading to a set-theoretical variant of the Jaya algorithm. So far, most of the reliability-based design optimization studies have focused on the reliability of single structural members. This is due to the fact that the optimization problems with system reliability-based constraints are computationally expensive to solve. This is especially the case of statically redundant structures, where the number of failure modes is so high that it is impractical to identify all of them. System-level reliability analysis of truss structures is carried out by the branch and bound method by which the stochastically dominant failure paths are identified within a reasonable time. At last, three numerical examples, including size optimization of truss structures, are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed SRBDO approach. The results indicate the efficiency and applicability of the set theoretical optimization algorithms to solve the SRBDO problems of truss structures.
El testimonio único de la víctima en el proceso penal desde la perspectiva de género (2). Respuesta a los comentarios (Réplicas a las refutaciones de Quaestio facti, 1 2020)
Authors: Ramírez Ortíz José Luis
Published: February 2021

El texto constituye una respuesta a las refutaciones dirigidas contra El testimonio único de la víctima en el proceso penal desde la perspectiva de género, Quaestio facti, 1, 2020.
NATO AND CYBER DETERRENCE
Authors: NOVAK STAŠA
Published: February 2021

The impact of cyber technologies on the modern societies is significant. States have to adapt to the changed security environment to be able to ensure the security and stability for their territories and populations. Deterrence, which usually goes hand in hand with defence, is about preventing conflicts by dissuading potential aggressors to attack. With regard to cyber, the rules of deterrence change when compared to traditional deterrence, because of the special characteristics of the cyberspace. What is needed is new way of thinking about deterrence and a more comprehensive approach to it.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation’s (NATO) approach to deterrence is resting upon the appropriate mix of conventional, nuclear and missile defence capabilities. However, following the 2014 Enhanced NATO Cyber Defence Policy, NATO is de facto already pursuing certain elements of cyber deterrence based on strong defence, declaratory policy and responsive measures. Responsive measures are not NATO offensive cyber capabilities, but the possibility of a collective defence response to a cyber attack, which implies a response with all available means. The article is providing an insight into NATO’s existing cyber defence policy and possible future developments of cyber deterrence at the level of the Alliance.

Vpliv kibernetske tehnologije na sodobno družbo je pomemben. Države se morajo prilagoditi spremenjenemu varnostnemu okolju, da bi bile zmožne zagotoviti varnost in stabilnost svojih ozemelj ter prebivalstva. Odvračanje, ki gre po navadi z roko v roki z obrambo, pomeni preprečevanje spopadov z odvračanjem napada morebitnih agresorjev. V kibernetiki so pravila drugačna kot pri tradicionalnem odvračanju zaradi posebnih značilnosti kibernetskega okolja. Zato sta nujna nova miselnost in bolj celosten pristop k odvračanju.
Pristop Nata k odvračanju temelji na ustrezni mešanici konvencionalnih, jedrskih in raketnih zmogljivosti. Kljub temu pa po sprejemu izboljšane politike o kibernetski obrambi (Enhanced NATO Cyber Defence Policy) iz leta 2014 Nato v resnici izvaja nekatere elemente kibernetskega odvračanja, ki temeljijo na močni obrambi, deklaratorni politiki in odzivnih ukrepih. Odzivni ukrepi ne pomenijo Natovih ofenzivnih kibernetskih zmogljivosti, temveč možnost za odzivanje kolektivne obrambe na kibernetski napad, pri čemer se uporabijo vsa sredstva, ki so na voljo. V članku so predstavljeni trenutna Natova kibernetska politika in mogoči prihodnji dogodki, povezani s kibernetskim odvračanjem na ravni zavezništva.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR THE HUNGARIAN
DEFENCE FORCES FROM THE DEPLOYMENT
OF ENGINEER OBSTACLES DURING THE 2015
EUROPE-WIDE MASS-MIGRATION EMERGENCY
Authors: Padányi József , Földi László
Published: February 2021

A serious mass of refugees, which has never been seen before, arrived to Europe In 2015. Hungary started to build fences along its southern borders to stop uncontrolled and illegal border crossings.
In our paper, we start with the description of the types of military engineering barriers, then we describe the escalation of the 2015 migration events in Hungary. We present the “crisis situation caused by mass migration” announced by the Government and the involvement of the Hungarian Defence Forces.
We summarize the related military tasks completed so far and the emanated problems and experiences. In the end of our paper we make some comments and proposals

Leta 2015 se je v Evropo zateklo izjemno veliko število beguncev, kar se ni zgodilo še nikoli prej. Da bi preprečila nenadzorovan in nezakonit prestop državne meje, je Madžarska začela postavljati ograjo vzdolž svoje južne meje.
V članku so najprej opisane vrste vojaških inženirskih ovir in nato izbruh dogodkov, povezanih z migracijami leta 2015 na Madžarskem. Predstavljeni so »krizne razmere«, ki so jih povzročile množične migracije in jih je razglasila vlada, ter sodelovanje madžarskih oboroženih sil pri njihovem reševanju.
Povzete so do zdaj opravljene vojaške naloge ter z njimi povezane težave in izkušnje. Članek se konča z nekaj komentarji in predlogi avtorjev.
MILITARY WOMEN IN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS
AND THE POLITICS OF UN SECURITY COUNCIL
RESOLUTION 1325
Authors: Castillo Díaz Pablo
Published: February 2021

Since 2000, the United Nations Security Council has adopted eight resolutions on the protection and empowerment of women in conflict situations. Increasing the representation of women in peacekeeping, and particularly among uniformed personnel, is one of the most repeated goals of these resolutions. However, only three percent of military personnel in peacekeeping operations are women and this percentage has barely budged in recent years. This lack of progress in UN missions has coincided with a period of historically significant advances in the integration of women in national armed forces, a time in which the mandates and design of peacekeeping operations more directly and explicitly called for the participation of women, and a growing perception among gender equality advocates that the presence of female troops in peace operations was being given too much emphasis, rather than too little. This article outlines the parameters of this debate in the United Nations over the last few years, and attempts to explain these apparent contradictions.

Po letu 2000 je Varnostni svet Organizacije združenih narodov sprejel osem resolucij o zaščiti in opolnomočenju žensk v konfliktnih situacijah. Med glavnimi cilji teh resolucij je povečati zastopanost žensk v mirovnih operacijah, še zlasti med uniformiranim osebjem. Med vojaškimi pripadniki v mirovnih operacijah je le tri odstotke žensk, ta odstotek se je v zadnjih letih komaj kaj spremenil. Slab napredek v misijah OZN je sovpadal z obdobjem zgodovinskega napredka pri vključevanju žensk v nacionalne oborožene sile. V tem obdobju sta se zaradi mandatov in oblike mirovnih operacij pojavila bolj ali manj neposredna in odkrita potreba po sodelovanju žensk ter vse večje spoznanje zagovornikov enakosti spolov, da se sodelovanju pripadnic na mirovnih misijah posveča prej preveč kot premalo pozornosti. V članku so predstavljeni argumenti razprave, ki v Združenih narodih na to temo poteka zadnjih nekaj let, ter poskusi razlage teh navideznih protislovij.