bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the Intervention Mapping Protocol to Develop Sahtak bi Sahnak, a School-Based Intervention to Prevent Pediatric Obesity among Lebanese Adolescents
Authors: Said Liliane , Schneider Francine , Kremers Stef P. J. , Gubbels Jessica S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Pediatric obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. Improving dietary and physical activity habits at a young age could prevent many health complications during adulthood and later years.Objective: This paper describes the application of the Intervention Mapping protocol for the systematic development of the Lebanese intervention “Sahtak bi Sahnak” (meaning Your health in your plate) that focuses on preventing pediatric obesity and promoting a healthy lifestyle through a systematically designed and culturally appropriate, school-based program.Method: The development of this intervention is based on the six steps of the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol. This intervention targets Lebanese adolescents aged 15–18 years enrolled in Lebanese public and private high schools, located in urban and rural areas. Its effectiveness will be tested in a Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial in 16 high schools.Discussion and conclusion: The IM protocol allowed us to develop a theory based, low resource intervention which can be integrated as part of the educational curriculum of public and private high schools in Lebanon. This study provides a detailed example of the application of the IM approach in the Lebanese high school context. Even though it is a time-consuming process, IM serves as a valuable tool in the health promotion field and provides a high level of transparency to improve and replicate the process in the future.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 9, No. 11
Authors: Zhang Micheal
Published: March 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 9, No. 11
Trends and characteristics of patenting activity in Poland in 1990–2018
Authors: Kwiatkowski Jakub , Tomaszewski Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Patenting activity is broadly analysed in the literature at the micro, mezzo, and macroeconomic levels. Yet, not much attention regarding this issue is devoted to European countries in transition. The main aim of the study is a quantitative analysis of all patent applications filed with and grants issued by the Polish Patent Office throughout the period of 1990– 2018 at the aggregate and regional level. We investigate trends and factors determining the patenting activity in Poland – the country at an advanced level of the economic and social transition. The empirical analysis leads to several findings. First of all, we identify changes in the field of patenting related to Poland’s accession to the EU in 2004, which resulted in the increase of residents’ patenting activity and decrease of that of non-residents (in terms of the number of filed applications and granted patents at a national and regional level). This holds for absolute numbers as well as for a per capita perspective. Additionally, we demonstrate that the increase in R&D expenditure is not followed by a proportional increase in patenting, as the patent-to- R&D ratio is systematically shrinking. Finally, the study compares trends in patenting activity in Poland with those in different groups of countries, proving that the dynamic of change in Poland is much slower than could be expected.
New composite traits for joint improvement of milk and fertility trait in Holstein dairy cow
Authors: Ghiasi Heydar , Piwczyński Dariusz , Sitkowska Beata , González-Recio Oscar
Published: March 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to define a new composite trait for Holstein dairy cows and evaluate the possibility of joint improvement in milk and fertility traits. Methods: A data set consisting 35,882 fertility related records (days open [DO], calving interval [CI], and number of services per conception [NSC], and total milk yield in each lactation [TMY]) was collected from 1998 to 2016 in Polish Holstein-Friesian breed herds. In this study TMY, DO, CI, and lactation length of each cow was used to obtain composite milk and fertility traits (CMF). Results: Moderate heritability (0.15) was estimated for composite trait that was higher than heritability of female fertility related traits: DO 0.047, CI 0.042, and NSC 0.014, and slightly lower than heritability of TMY 0.19. Favourable genetic correlations (–0.87) were estimated between CMF with TMY. Spearman rank correlation coefficients between breeding value of CMF with DO, CI, and TMY were high (>0.94) but with NSC were moderate (0.64). Selection on CMF caused favourable correlated genetic gains for DO, CI, and TMY. Different selection indices with different emphasis on fertility and milk production were constructed. The amount of correlated genetic gains obtained for DO and total milk production according to selection in CMF were higher than of genetic gains obtained for DO and TMY in selection indices with different emphasis on milk and fertility. Conclusion: The animal selection only based on a composite trait - CMF proposed in current study would simultaneously lead to favourable genetic gains for both milk and fertility related traits. In this situation CMF introduced in current study can be used to overcome to limitations of selection index and CMF could be useful for countries that have problems in recording traits, especially functional traits.
The effect of multi-strain probiotics as feed additives on performance, immunity, expression of nutrient transporter genes and gut morphometry in broiler chickens
Authors: Biswas Avishek , Dev Kapil , Tyagi Pramod K , Mandal Asitbaran
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-strain probiotic (MSP) (Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 + Bacillus subtillis UBBS14 + Saccharomyces boulardii Unique 28) on performance, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter related genes in broiler chickens.Methods: A total of 256 (4×8×8) day-old CARIBRO Vishal commercial broiler chicks of uniform body weight were randomly distributed into four treatments with 8 replicates each and having eight chicks in each replicate. Four dietary treatments were T1 (negative control-basal diet), T2 (positive control-antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate at 20 mg/kg diet), T3 (MSP at 107 colony-forming unit [CFU]/g feed), and T4 (MSP at 108 CFU/g feed).Results: During 3 to 6 weeks and 0 to 6 weeks, the body weight gain increased significantly (p<0.05) in T3 and T4 groups. The feed intake significantly (p<0.05) reduced from T1 to T3 during 0 to 3 weeks and the feed conversion ratio also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T3 and T4 during 0 to 6 weeks. The humoral and cell mediated immune response and the weight of immune organs were also significantly (p<0.05) improved in T3 and T4. However, significant (p<0.05) dietary effects were observed on intestinal histo-morphometry of ileum in T3 followed by T4 and T2. At 14 d post hatch, the relative gene expression of glucose transporter (GLUT5), sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) and peptide transporter (PepT1) showed a significant (p<0.05) up-regulating pattern in T2, T3, and T4. Whereas, at 21 d post hatch, the gene expression of SGLT1 and PepT1 was significantly (p<0.05) downregulated in MSP supplemented treatments T3 and T4.Conclusion: The supplementation of MSP at 107 CFU/g diet showed significant effects with improved performance, immune response, gut morphology and expression of nutrient transporter genes. Thus, the MSP could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in chicken diets.
Hydration, Microstructure and Compressive Strength Development of Seawater-mixed Calcium Sulphoaluminate Cement-based Systems
Authors: ZHANG Ting , NIU Ditao , LI Chaofei
Published: March 2021

In-depth understanding of the calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement, a type of environment-friendly cement, is essential for its wide application in engineering practice. Partial replacement of CSA by alternative alumina-rich powders has significant potential in the production of cost-effective CSA cement. In this work various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) including slag, metakaolin and silica fume with different replacement levels were added into CSA cement, and mixing with seawater, to prepare paste and concrete specimens. The development of hydration products in the paste specimens was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Thermogravimetric analysis. The pore structures of the seawater-mixed paste specimens obtained from mercury intrusion porosimetry tests, along with the pH value and free chloride content in the pore solution, were analyzed. Results show that various SCMs have significantly different effects on the pore solution chemistry, hydration and microstructural formation of the seawater-mixed CSA cement, resulting in different mechanical behavior and durability properties. The results of this work are helpful for the development of cost-effective CSA cement-based concrete used in marine constructions.
Investigation of Ferrimagnetic Sr-hexaferrite Nanocrystals for Clinical Hyperthermia
Authors: ERTUĞ Burcu
Published: March 2021

Sr-hexaferrite samples were produced via the conventional ceramic method. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) patterns confirmed the single nanocrystal phase as Sr-hexaferrite where any pattern peaks of unreacted Fe2O3 phase were  not detected. The mean crystallite size values were determined to be 44.12±3.4nm and 41.2±3.2nm for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. The chemical bonding peaks of our sample indicated that the structure of Sr-hexaferrite formation was confirmed by FTIR spectra result. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated clearly observed porosity regions with relative densities as high as 94% and 87% for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2 samples.The vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) of each sample at 2K and under a magnetic field of 10 kOe yielded saturation magnetizations, Ms of 93.5 and 94.1 emu/g; remanence values, Mr of 76.4 and  67.8 emu/g for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. The magnetization loops of both samples indicated a soft ferrimagnetic behaviour in which the saturation magnetizations were higher than those measured  at room temperature in the previous studies. The coercivities, Hc were measured to be 150Oe for both samples. The squareness values, SQR (Mr/Ms) were measured to be high, approximately 0.82 and 0.72 for SHF-O1 and SHF-O2, respectively. Depending on the adequate values of magnetization and coercivity along with small mean crystallite size and low porosity values of the obtained Sr-hexaferrite samples, we estimate that these samples are likely to be evaluated further for the potential use as thermoseeds in the field of clinical hyperthermia.
Otto Eibl, Miloš Gregor et al.: Thirty Years of Political Campaigning in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Folvarčný Adam
Published: March 2021

Otto Eibl, Miloš Gregor et al.: THIRTY YEARS OF POLITICAL CAMPAIGNING IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 2019. 426 pages. ISBN 978-3-030-27692-8
El Seminario de Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Díaz Álvarez Jesús M.
Published: March 2021

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MANIFESTE DE LA NOUVELLE GNOSE de Raymond Abelllo, Gallimard, 1989
Authors: Saura Emilio
Published: March 2021

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Contribuições da educação física na prevenção e tratamento da obesidade infantil
Authors: Ferreira Tarciana Cecília de Souza , França Tereza Luiza de
Published: March 2021

A obesidade é considerada pela medicina como uma doença complexa e multifatorial que tem como principal característica o acúmulo exacerbado de tecido adiposo em todo o corpo. Está associada a fatores metabólicos, fisiológicos, alimentares, comportamentais e também sociais. Direta ou indiretamente é responsável pela ampliação considerável da incidência de mortalidade na população. Essa doença se constitui como um grave problema de saúde pública que precisa ser combatido. Acomete todas as faixas etárias e classes sociais. E tem atingido alto índice nas crianças. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo geral analisar na literatura as contribuições da Educação Física para prevenção e tratamento da obesidade. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com base em dados eletrônicos Scielo e Lilacs, nos estudos publicados durante os anos de 2013 e 2018. Foi possível concluir que as contribuições da Educação Física para prevenção e tratamento da obesidade com atividades com foco na cultura corporal por possibilitar práticas lúdicas estimulam processos sistemáticos de exercícios físicos que contribuem para a conscientização de uma alimentação saudável; incentiva mudanças de estilos de vida ativa; fomenta a conscientização sobre malefícios da obesidade, sobrepeso e comorbidades; incentiva a inserção da família no processo de prevenção e tratamento da obesidade.
Análise ergonômica do ambiente de estudo de discentes de um curso de pós-graduação, modalidade EAD
Authors: Pinheiro Cézar Di Paula da Silva , Teixeira Maycon da Silva , Quadros Fernanda Gisele Santos de
Published: March 2021

A pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma análise do ambiente de estudo de discentes de um curso de pós-graduação, modalidade EaD, levando-se em consideração critérios ergonômicos, além da identificação sobre a ocorrência de dor ou desconforto musculoesquelético nos mesmos. Para isso foi analisada a percepção dos pós-graduandos a respeito de aspectos de ergonomia em seus respectivos locais de estudo a partir da aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado online composto por 14 perguntas que abordavam questões relacionadas aos aspectos: (i) social; (ii) rotina de estudos; (iii) organizacional e de qualidade do ambiente de estudo; (iv) ambiental; e (v) aspectos relacionados a frequência de dor ou desconforto físico. Este último foi verificado através de uma adaptação do Diagrama de Corlett e Manenica. Os resultados mostram que os aspectos estudados, incluindo as características do ambiente de estudo, tornam-se de grande importância para a criação de um local adequado para o desenvolvimento das atividades no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem. Além disso, a frequência de dor ou desconforto musculoesquelético relatada estava relacionada principalmente as regiões do pescoço (66,25%), punhos/mãos e dedos (50%) e lombar (47,5%). Dessa forma, a análise ergonômica mostra-se de fundamental importância para a consolidação de um diagnóstico e posterior formulação de sugestões voltadas para a obtenção de um ambiente de aprendizagem ergonomicamente correto.
Perfil epidemiológico da sífilis gestacional no estado de Minas Gerais entre 2009 e 2019
Authors: Leão Marcos Lorran Paranhos , Ferreira Luiz Fillype Gomes , Oliveira Iasmyn Paranhos de , Dias Myllena Giácomo Monteiro , Vieira Louise Moreira , Silva Iago José Cunha , Oliveira Virgínia Alves de , Souza Cinoelia Leal de
Published: March 2021

A sífilis é um grave problema de saúde pública que apresentou uma grande progressão de casos em Minas Gerais até o ano de 2018. É principalmente transmitida pelas relações sexuais sem proteção, por isso é considerada uma Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível. Além disso, apresenta formas de transmissão por transfusões sanguíneas, congênita e por meio da amamentação. A sífilis é causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum e pode atingir as pessoas em todas as idades; contudo, apresenta consequências especialmente perigosas no recém-nascido, pela infecção vertical, como alta morbimortalidade, natimorto, aborto espontâneo, prematuridade, baixo peso ao nascer, sequelas neurológicas e óbito neonatal. Portanto, a Sífilis Gestacional (SG) é um problema que merece constante atualização. Assim, este artigo objetiva analisar os números referentes aos casos confirmados de sífilis em gestantes no território mineiro no período de 2009 ao primeiro semestre de 2019. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, feito a partir da extração de informações disponíveis no site do Departamento de Doenças de Condições Crônicas e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, da Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, acerca dos diagnósticos de SG em Minas Gerais no período de 2009 ao primeiro semestre de 2019. As variáveis analisadas foram o número de diagnósticos da SG por idade gestacional (primeiro, segundo ou terceiro trimestre), faixa etária (10 a 40 anos ou mais), escolaridade (entre analfabeto e superior completo), raça ou cor (branca, preta, amarela, parda ou indígena), classificação clínica (primária, secundária, terciária ou latente) e esquema de tratamento (Penicilina, outro esquema ou não realizado).  Portanto, após a análise dos dados obtidos evidenciou-se que o diagnóstico dessa doença em gestantes foi cerca de 18,9% do valor total de casos no território do estado mineiro no primeiro semestre de 2019. O valor total de casos diagnosticados nessa classe de pacientes foi de 20.348 entre 2009 e 2019, sendo a prevalência no terceiro trimestre de gestação, 39,41%. Além disso, entre os anos de 2009 e 2018 os casos diagnosticados de SG aumentaram 1.485%, sendo o maior valor de 58,3% (2011 para 2012) e o menor 8% (2015 para 2016), além disso, de 2017 para 2018 o aumento foi de 32,2% e no primeiro semestre de 2019 o valor já passava de 38% do número contabilizado no ano anterior (4.851). Os dados mostraram que os casos diagnosticados no início da gravidez têm aumentado e que não se pode relacionar a baixa escolaridade à infecção por SG em Minas.
Ponle nota al feedback
Authors: Sivera Sílvia , Aranda Dani , Cabezas Sílvia , Ollé Candela , Vilajoana Alejandre Sandra
Published: March 2021

Con este llamamiento, el pasado mes de julio, los estudiantes del Grado en Comunicación de la UOC recibieron una encuesta que pretendía captar su opinión sobre el feedback que dan los consultores y consultoras después de cada prueba de evaluación continua (PEC). En una de las preguntas se pedía concretamente qué nota pondrían, en general, a esta tarea docente. Dado que lo más importante no es el mero indicador, sino todo el aprendizaje que se extrae del proceso, desafiaremos el criterio periodístico y la nota la daremos -siguiendo la lógica docente- al final de este artículo.
Big Data se escribe con V
Authors: Ortoll Eva
Published: March 2021

¿Puede una profesión considerarse “sexy”? Esto parece. Algunos expertos consideran el analista de datos como una de las ocupaciones más “sexys” del siglo XXI. El atractivo recae en la necesidad que las organizaciones tienen (o deberían tener) de contar con profesionales que sepan gestionar grandes volúmenes de datos. El big data ha llegado para quedarse y nos ha seducido. Ahora bien, ¿estamos preparados para afrontar esta relación? ¿La entendemos? ¿Podemos hacer que sea una relación enriquecedora?
Y el community manager dijo al content curator: ¿quieres casarte conmigo?
Authors: Marquina Julián , Sanz Martos Sandra
Published: March 2021

Este es el quinto artículo que dedicamos a estos nuevos roles profesionales surgidos de la actividad de los medios sociales. Hemos hablado de las características de cada uno de ellos, de sus competencias, de sus similitudes y diferencias. E incluso nos hemos aventurado a hacer pronósticos sobre su futuro y sus capacidades respectivas de consolidación y permanencia en el tiempo. Al principio, los dibujamos como perfiles opuestos, casi rivales, y después hemos visto que, en realidad, son complementarios.
Megaupload, y el día de la marmota de los derechos de autor
Authors: López-Borrull Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Recuerdo cuando daba clase para futuros químicos en una universidad presencial; cuando tocábamos el tema de la propiedad intelectual e industrial, hacía levantar la mano a todos aquellos alumnos que querrían patentar alguno de sus inventos, como por ejemplo un medicamento nuevo o un proceso químico innovador. La mayoría levantaban la mano. A continuación, mientras tenían la mano levantada, les pedía que aquellos que descargaran o hubieran descargado alguna vez un archivo de la red de forma ilegal, bajaran la mano. También, la mayoría las bajaban. ¿Era una paradoja? ¿Era una incoherencia fruto de la juventud? No lo creo, más bien son las dificultades de la época en que les ha tocado vivir.
Dukungan sosial bagi penderita lupus: Dapatkah menjadi moderator bagi efek penerimaan diri terhadap rasa syukur?
Authors: Dienillah Ayumi Nalikrama , Chotidjah Sitti
Published: March 2021

Social support contributes to Lupus patients in the process of treating their diseases. The condition of lupus sufferers who experience various physical changes can affect their psychological state. Social support sometimes does not have a positive influence, but it can also have a negative effect. This study aims to see whether social support can moderate self-acceptance and gratitude for lupus sufferers. Participants in this study were 206 lupus sufferers. The results showed that social support can moderate self-acceptance and gratitude. The results were then discussed.
Mapping immune variation and var gene switching in naive hosts infected with Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Milne Kathryn , Ivens Alasdair , Reid Adam J , Lotkowska Magda E , O'Toole Aine , Sankaranarayanan Geetha , Munoz Sandoval Diana , Nahrendorf Wiebke , Regnault Clement , Edwards Nick J , Silk Sarah E , Payne Ruth O , Minassian Angela M , Venkatraman Navin , Sanders Mandy J , Hill Adrian VS , Barrett Michael , Berriman Matthew , Draper Simon J , Rowe J Alexandra , Spence Philip J
Published: March 2021

Falciparum malaria is clinically heterogeneous and the relative contribution of parasite and host in shaping disease severity remains unclear. We explored the interaction between inflammation and parasite variant surface antigen (VSA) expression, asking whether this relationship underpins the variation observed in controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). We uncovered marked heterogeneity in the host response to blood challenge; some volunteers remained quiescent, others triggered interferon-stimulated inflammation and some showed transcriptional evidence of myeloid cell suppression. Significantly, only inflammatory volunteers experienced hallmark symptoms of malaria. When we tracked temporal changes in parasite VSA expression to ask whether variants associated with severe disease rapidly expand in naive hosts, we found no transcriptional evidence to support this hypothesis. These data indicate that parasite variants that dominate severe malaria do not have an intrinsic growth or survival advantage; instead, they presumably rely upon infection-induced changes in their within-host environment for selection.
Genomic epidemiology of COVID-19 in care homes in the east of England
Authors: Hamilton William L , Tonkin-Hill Gerry , Smith Emily R , Aggarwal Dinesh , Houldcroft Charlotte J , Warne Ben , Meredith Luke W , Hosmillo Myra , Jahun Aminu S , Curran Martin D , Parmar Surendra , Caller Laura G , Caddy Sarah L , Khokhar Fahad A , Yakovleva Anna , Hall Grant , Feltwell Theresa , Pinckert Malte L , Georgana Iliana , Chaudhry Yasmin , Brown Colin S , Gonçalves Sonia , Amato Roberto , Harrison Ewan M , Brown Nicholas M , Beale Mathew A , Spencer Chapman Michael , Jackson David K , Johnston Ian , Alderton Alex , Sillitoe John , Langford Cordelia , Dougan Gordon , Peacock Sharon J , Kwiatowski Dominic P , Goodfellow Ian G , Torok M Estee ,   COVID-19 Genomics Consortium UK
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 poses a major challenge to care homes, as SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted and causes disproportionately severe disease in older people. Here, 1167 residents from 337 care homes were identified from a dataset of 6600 COVID-19 cases from the East of England. Older age and being a care home resident were associated with increased mortality. SARS-CoV-2 genomes were available for 700 residents from 292 care homes. By integrating genomic and temporal data, 409 viral clusters within the 292 homes were identified, indicating two different patterns – outbreaks among care home residents and independent introductions with limited onward transmission. Approximately 70% of residents in the genomic analysis were admitted to hospital during the study, providing extensive opportunities for transmission between care homes and hospitals. Limiting viral transmission within care homes should be a key target for infection control to reduce COVID-19 mortality in this population.
Detecting cassava mosaic disease using a deep residual convolutional neural network with distinct block processing
Authors: Oyewola David Opeoluwa , Dada Emmanuel Gbenga , Misra Sanjay , Damaševičius Robertas
Published: March 2021

For people in developing countries, cassava is a major source of calories and carbohydrates. However, Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) has become a major cause of concern among farmers in sub-Saharan Africa countries, which rely on cassava for both business and local consumption. The article proposes a novel deep residual convolution neural network (DRNN) for CMD detection in cassava leaf images. With the aid of distinct block processing, we can counterbalance the imbalanced image dataset of the cassava diseases and increase the number of images available for training and testing. Moreover, we adjust low contrast using Gamma correction and decorrelation stretching to enhance the color separation of an image with significant band-to-band correlation. Experimental results demonstrate that using a balanced dataset of images increases the accuracy of classification. The proposed DRNN model outperforms the plain convolutional neural network (PCNN) by a significant margin of 9.25% on the Cassava Disease Dataset from Kaggle.
Taxonomic revision of the Malagasy Aphaenogaster swammerdami group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Csősz Sandor , Loss Ana C. , Fisher Brian L.
Published: March 2021

Background

Madagascar is famous for its extremely rich biodiversity; the island harbors predominantly endemic and threatened communities meriting special attention from biodiversity scientists. Continuing ongoing efforts to inventory the Malagasy ant fauna, we revise the species currently placed in the myrmicine genus Aphaenogaster Mayr. One species described from Madagascar, Aphaenogaster friederichsi Forel, is synonymized with the Palearctic A. subterranea Latreille syn. nov. This species is considered neither native to Madagascar nor established in the region. This revision focuses on the balance of species in the A. swammerdami group which are all endemic to Madagascar.

Methods

The diversity of the Malagasy Aphaenogaster fauna was assessed via application of multiple lines of evidence involving quantitative morphometric, qualitative morphological, and DNA sequence data. (1) Morphometric investigation was based on hypothesis-free Nest Centroid clustering (NC-clustering) combined with PArtitioning based on Recursive Thresholding (PART) to estimate the number of morphological clusters and determine the most probable boundaries between them. This protocol provides a repeatable and testable approach to find patterns in continuous morphometric data. Species boundaries and the reliability of morphological clusters recognized by these exploratory analyses were tested via confirmatory Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). (2) Qualitative, external morphological characteristics (e.g., shape, coloration patterns, setae number) were subjectively evaluated in order to create a priori grouping hypotheses, and confirm and improve species delimitation. (3) Species delimitation analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequences from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene fragments were carried out to test the putative species previously delimited by morphological and morphometric analyses.

Results

Five species can be inferred based on the integrated evaluation of multiple lines of evidence; of these, three are new to science: Aphaenogaster bressleri sp. n., A. gonacantha (Emery, 1899), A. makay sp. n., A. sahafina sp. n., and A. swammerdami Forel, 1886. In addition, three new synonymies were found for A. swammerdami Forel, 1886 (A. swammerdami clara Santschi, 1915 syn. n., A. swammerdami curta Forel, 1891 syn. n. and A. swammerdami spinipes Santschi, 1911 syn. n.). Descriptions and redefinitions for each taxon and an identification key for their worker castes using qualitative traits and morphometric data are given. Geographic maps depicting species distributions and biological information regarding nesting habits for the species are also provided.
Bolivia – Chile: Integración con contenidos dispares
Authors: Ovando Cristian Andrés , Aranda Gilberto
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo aborda las ideas y valores que subyacen a las políticas exteriores de Chile y Bolivia. Profundiza en los roles que le asignan a la integración y cooperación regionales, a partir de las preferencias y visiones de mundo que exponen los gobiernos de Evo Morales, Michel Bachelet y Sebastián Piñera entre 2006 y 2012. Para explorar estas tendencias, analizamos una serie de discursos presidenciales expuestos en distintas instancias internacionales y domésticas. Partimos de la premisa que señala que la participación de ambos países en distintos procesos de integración y concertación regionales, desde una práctica que involucra a varios países ubicados en el continente, deja en evidencia que no coinciden en sus énfasis, sobre todo en las materias referidas a los desafíos internacionales actuales en torno al comercio y cooperación internacionales, y en sus perspectivas del desarrollo en un contexto de crisis del modelo neoliberal. Concluimos que este fenómeno actual trae como consecuencia el surgimiento de un modelo de integración con contenidos dispares en el continente, es decir, en el que prevalecen roles distintos, de crucial importancia, respecto a sus posiciones y estrategias de inserción internacional, repercutiendo en las acciones y respuestas hacia el escenario internacional.
Modernidad: cuerpos envejecidos, ¿sujetos envejecidos?
Authors: Ríos Segovia Patricio
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta una reflexión crítica del envejecimiento y la vejez. En un primer apartado, se discute y se pone en evidencia el principio básico en el cual descansa el discurso geronto geriátrico de la modernidad, base de la marginación de las personas mayores. Luego se recoge el tratamiento del cuerpo a lo largo de la formación de las sociedades occidentales que culmina con la modernidad y, en ella, con el reinado del individuo y una vivencia dual del cuerpo. Asimismo, el artículo destaca la centralidad de la materialidad del cuerpo en el proceso del envejecimiento y el centramiento de la modernidad en un cuerpo joven casi inmortal que suprime al sujeto. Consecuencias básicas: i) desconocimiento del sujeto de la clase de edad de la vejez; ii) desatención severa del proceso de envejecimiento. Se finaliza con la identificación de algunos déficits de la gestión del envejecimiento en la modernidad.
Por la senda de los 'profesores taxis': los efectos de la desprofesionalización académica en educación superior. Una aproximación cualitativa desde Chile
Authors: Cantillana Barañados Raphael , Portilla-Vásquez Isabel
Published: March 2021

N La presente producción está orientada a describir y reflexionar sobre los efectos que produce la desprofesionalización académica en el desarrollo propio de las universidades. Esto se realiza a partir de los discursos de académicos, directivos y estudiantes como actores y sujetos activos de los contextos universitarios. El trabajo corresponde a parte de los resultados de una investigación cualitativa de tipo inductiva cuyo levantamiento de información se realizó a través de la aplicación del método etnográfico.  El análisis se articuló a partir de la problematización del vínculo inconexo entre académicos, su campo disciplinar y las instituciones de educación superior. La desprofesionalización académica, la distorsión de su contexto y las lógicas de la institucionalidad, se constituyen como los tópicos centrales de este trabajo, el cual concluye que estos fenómenos producen negligencias y dislocan los proyectos educativos de las instituciones de educación superior.
Inserción laboral de migrantes en los territorios agrarios de Chile: el caso de la región del Maule
Authors: Micheletti Stefano
Published: March 2021

El artículo aborda el proceso de inserción laboral de migrantes en los territorios agrarios chilenos, a partir del caso de la Región del Maule (Chile). Junto con realizar una breve revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema a nivel latinoamericano, se indaga en las motivaciones de las/os inmigrantes para elegir un territorio agrario como lugar de destino, y en sus estrategias de inserción laboral en un contexto caracterizado por una matriz identitaria rural y una estructura de producción local vinculada al ámbito silvoagropecuario. A partir de lo cual, se esbozan algunas reflexiones iniciales sobre las trayectorias laborales es ese sector productivo. Para el desarrollo del estudio, se adoptó una estrategia metodológica mixta, con énfasis en los métodos cualitativos; se realizaron y analizaron 57 entrevistas a migrantes residentes en la Región del Maule. Los resultados muestran que, entre los principales elementos que motivan la elección del Maule como lugar de destino, están las características urbano-rurales del territorio y la posibilidad de acceder a una oferta laboral que –si bien precaria— es abundante, especialmente en el ámbito agrícola. Por otro lado, el patrón de hábitat urbano y la inserción laboral en la rama agrícola de las/os extranjeras/os –especialmente haitianas/os— profundiza la lógica productiva de los territorios agrarios.
La huella marca la montaña: movilidades y articulaciones del Territorio Pewenche en Alto Biobío, Wallmapu.
Authors: Huiliñir-Curío Viviana
Published: March 2021

Relacionando discusiones en torno a los conceptos de montaña y territorio, este trabajo analiza rol de la movilidad y su importancia en la producción de geografías de montañas en relación a huellas y senderos usados por las comunidades pewenches de Cauñicú y El Barco en Alto Biobío. A través de un estudio comparativo basado en métodos cualitativos, se describirán las principales prácticas asociadas a la movilidad pewenche que explican la dinámica territorial para cada comunidad. Se concluye que el sendero (ptrarüpü) articula la montaña pewenche a través la trashumancia. A su vez, el sendero revela las transformaciones y dinámicas del territorio pewenche, trayendo consigo el surgimiento de nuevas movilidades.
La autonomía individual bajo la tutela del binomio médico-jurídico: hacia una conceptualización histórico-relacional
Authors: Nilo Pérez Rubén Alejandro
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo presenta una discusión crítica sobre la noción de autonomía individual como resorte para pensar la situación de justicia y la calidad de vida de quienes padecen lo que hoy se conoce como discapacidades mentales severas. Parte de la base de que cuestiones como la participación social, los derechos humanos y la ciudadanía de este grupo social, históricamente marginado y excluido, no pueden pensarse seriamente sin discutir la representación social hegemónica que visualiza la locura o enfermedad mental como ausencia de autonomía individual. Esta situación se observa tanto a nivel de los principios en que se basan nuestras instituciones sociales y políticas públicas, como en la vida cotidiana de los propios actores. Se requiere, en consecuencia, pensar nuevas maneras para entender el problema de la autonomía individual que resulten inclusivas para el caso de los locos o discapacitados mentales. Esto resulta necesario, al menos para quienes crean que categorías como individuo o ciudadano deban incluir también a quienes pertenecen a esta minoría. Pero además porque resulta necesario desnaturalizar una concepción liberal de la autonomía individual que la visualiza como una capacidad funcional de individuos racionales autointeresados y no como una capacidad relacional, que jamás puede perderse por causa de una enfermedad o discapacidad. El enfoque de la autonomía relacional se propone finalmente como un acercamiento a la autonomía individual inclusivo con condiciones como la discapacidad mental, pero que nos obliga inmediatamente a atender a la cuestión de la relacion con los otros, probablemente la esencia del problema de la locura, a fin de cuentas.
Activos, autónomos y contribuyentes: argumentos para la resignificación de las representaciones sociales sobre envejecimiento en Chile
Authors: Rodríguez-Garcés Carlos René , Padilla-Fuentes Geraldo Bladimir , Ávila-Bascuñán Javier
Published: March 2021

El objetivo es indagar en la situación familiar, económica y multidimensional de personas mayores en Chile, cuestión clave para direccionar medidas políticas y programáticas. Utilizando datos CASEN, se analizan las tendencias de envejecimiento poblacional, los tipos de composición familiar con presencia de personas mayores y situación de pobreza y carencialidad que enfrentan los hogares, en especial respecto a contribuciones económicas y vulnerabilidad. Los resultados plantean que el grupo de personas mayores en Chile es activo y colabora en la economía familiar; no son integrantes dependientes ni recluidos en el hogar. Presentan bajos niveles de pobreza monetaria y carencialidad vinculada a la autonomía, apoyo social, trato igualitario y seguridad. La prioridad en materia política para este grupo residen en al menos tres desafíos: garantizar condiciones laborales dignas para quienes desean seguir trabajando; fortalecer el enfoque multidimensional de medición de pobreza, capaz de capturar las carencias en hogares constituidos o con presencia de personas mayores; y mejorar las condiciones de habitabilidad y entorno que tienen los hogares, en particular accesibilidad a servicios públicos y transporte.
Las creencias del pueblo mapuche en el Archivo Secreto Vaticano
Authors: Briones Soto Boris
Published: March 2021

Transcripción de textos sobre la cultura mapuche contenidos en el Archivo Secreto Vaticano.
Conflicto y (re)producción de espacio en tierra pewenche: disputas en torno a la Reserva Nacional Alto Bío-Bío, Lonquimay
Authors: Sepulveda Bastien
Published: March 2021

Se analiza en este artículo la manera en que el manejo de las áreas protegidas establecidas en territorios indígenas se ve influenciado e incluso determinado por las dinámicas socio-políticas propias de las comunidades locales. A través del caso de la Reserva Nacional Alto Bío-Bío en Chile, se demuestra que, si bien la relación que une los pueblos indígenas a las áreas protegidas resulta ser indudablemente “conflictual”, el conflicto no solamente se da entre los indígenas y el Estado o entre los indígenas y sus vecinos no indígenas, sino también entre las propias comunidades indígenas. Se propone avanzar así en la comprensión del conflicto y sus funciones, destacando que, por un lado, el conflicto permite visualizar las tensiones existentes en torno al acceso y/o apropiación de determinados espacios, pero que, por el otro, actúa como una suerte de catalizador que redefine las relaciones de poder entre los actores en presencia, (re)posicionándolos social y políticamente y (re)distribuyéndolos espacialmente. Este proceso es analizado en la perspectiva de una “geografíadel conflicto”, enfoque a través del cual se aborda y considera la experiencia de las comunidades pewenches aledañas a la Reserva Nacional Alto Bío-Bío, cuyas movilizaciones resultaron en una nueva cartografía de los actores enpresencia y sus respectivos espacios. Finalmente, se concluye planteando que el conflicto cumple una función de producción y resiliencia del entramado territorial pewenche.
CONCEPT OF DUSHI VISHA (CUMULATIVE TOXICITY) IN MODERN ERA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Sharma Anita
Published: March 2021

In present era, thousands of harmful toxins are accumulated in environment are taken by human beings in different forms. These harmful toxins cause cumulative toxicity in human being which results in symptoms that can be seen slowly after their long- term use. These harmful toxins may be of Sthavara Visha/plant origin (e.g. Fruits and vegetables contaminated with pesticides, ripening agents, infections, heavy metal toxicity in plants, Maida, Pollen grains, dust, Latex from plants) Jangama Visha/ animal origin (e.g. Animal dander, adulteration in milk and milk products, Sea food containing heavy metals such as Hg, PCBs) Kritrim Visha (e.g. Toxic ingredients in cosmetics, Food preservatives, Food Flavouring agents, Synthetic Colour Additives, Environmental Pollution, Agricultural poisons, Medications like aspirin etc.). This Cumulative toxicity is similar to Dushi Visha as described in Ayurveda. A poison, which is having fewer properties, which means less than ten classical properties that a poison should contain, or either the poison which is having lesser potency of all the ten properties, attains a latent stage in the body is called as Dushi Visha (latent poison). The aim and objectives of this study is to study the concept of Dushi Visha in modern era and its toxic effects on human body.
AN APPRAISAL OUTLINE ON CORONA VIRUS
Authors: Doke Onkar , Kaldhone Anagha , Karkar Rupali , Shaikh Raisa , Sahani Salani
Published: March 2021

A respiratory infection owing to a novel corona virus was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. World health organization declared name for this novel corona virus as “COVID-19” is now a worldwide pandemic and has been recognized in more than 200 countries. Corona viruses are virus that is known to cause infection varying from the common cold to more critical diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). It is known to transmit by respiratory droplets released when corona virus patient coughs, sneezes or talks and if another person inhales the droplets or touches these surfaces and further touches his face, eyes or mouth can get an infection. Currently there are no specific vaccines or medicines for Corona virus disease and treatment given based on symptoms. But many vaccines are under investigation.
THE EFFECT OF PACKAGING COLOR SCHEME ON PERCEPTIONS, PRODUCT PREFERENCES, PRODUCT TRIAL, AND PURCHASE INTENTION
Authors: Swasty Wirania , Putri Mediany Kriseka , Koesoemadinata M. Isa P. , Gunawan Ahmad Nur Sheha
Published: March 2021

This study aims to understand the effect of different color scheme in perceptions and food product preference, product trial, and purchase intention. Using quantitative approach, the questionnaires data were cross tested by chi square and one-way ANOVA. The study found there were no significant differences between the price perception, the perceived quality, product preferences, product trial and intense to buy in the different color schemes, except white dominant color in perceived quality aspect. Respondents assessed the use of monochrome color schemes tended to have higher price perceptions and higher quality than white, yellow, analog, and complementary color schemes. It is expected to be a reference to provide an understanding of packaging design strategy especially food products by using color scheme. Keywords: Color scheme, packaging, product preference, perception, SME.
THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION AS MEDIATION IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE GOVERNMENT OF SURABAYA CITY, EAST JAVA
Authors: Sumiati Sumiati
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the causal relationship between servant leadership, professionality, work culture, motivation, and the performance of Surabaya City government employees. One model is proposed to examine the role of motivation as a mediating variable in the indirect relationship of servant leadership, professionality, work culture and performance. The population is the government employees of Surabaya City. Analysis by SEM, on 290 respondents, using the convenience sampling method. The results show that the model is accepted, and also show that servant leadership, professional, and work culture has an effect on motivation. Servant leadership, work culture and motivation have an effect on employee performance. Motivation is a positive mediating variable in the relationship between servant leadership, professional, and work culture with performance.
Planning for Resilient Drinking Water Systems: Case Studies From Pennsylvania
Authors: Liu Ran , Graf Christopher A.
Published: March 2021

Key Takeaways

Water utilities face tough challenges in providing reliable services as well as systemwide resilience for emergencies and unexpected events.

Three case studies from Pennsylvania American Water show the importance and benefits of being proactive in building system resilience, improving response time, and reducing potential risks.

Case studies on preparedness provide a checklist for other utilities to consider during all‐hazards risk and resilience studies mandated under America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018.
Formulation‐based approaches for dermal delivery of vaccines and therapeutic nucleic acids: Recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Sallam Marwa A. , Prakash Supriya , Kumbhojkar Ninad , Shields Charles Wyatt , Mitragotri Samir
Published: March 2021

A growing variety of biological macromolecules are in development for use as active ingredients in topical therapies and vaccines. Dermal delivery of biomacromolecules offers several advantages compared to other delivery methods, including improved targetability, reduced systemic toxicity, and decreased degradation of drugs. However, this route of delivery is hampered by the barrier function of the skin. Recently, a large body of research has been directed toward improving the delivery of macromolecules to the skin, ranging from nucleic acids (NAs) to antigens, using noninvasive means. In this review, we discuss the latest formulation‐based efforts to deliver antigens and NAs for vaccination and treatment of skin diseases. We provide a perspective of their advantages, limitations, and potential for clinical translation. The delivery platforms discussed in this review may provide formulation scientists and clinicians with a better vision of the alternatives for dermal delivery of biomacromolecules, which may facilitate the development of new patient‐friendly prophylactic and therapeutic medicines.
Construction and validation of an autophagy‐related long noncoding RNA signature for prognosis prediction in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Yu JunJie , Mao WeiPu , Xu Bin , Chen Ming
Published: March 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify autophagy‐associated long noncoding RNAs (ARlncRNAs) using the kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and to construct a prognostic risk‐related ARlncRNAs signature to accurately predict the prognosis of KIRC patients.

Methods

The KIRC patient data were originated from TCGA database and were classified into a training set and testing set. Seven prognostic risk‐related ARlncRNAs, identified using univariate, lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analysis, were used to construct prognostic risk‐related signatures. Kaplan–Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves as well as independent prognostic factor analysis and correlation analysis with clinical characteristics were utilized to evaluate and verify the specificity and sensitivity of the signature in training set and testing set, respectively. Two nomograms were established to predict the probable 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival of the KIRC patients. In addition, the lncRNA‐mRNA co‐expression network was constructed and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to identify biological functions of ARlncRNAs.

Results

We constructed and verified a prognostic risk‐related ARlncRNAs signature in training set and testing set, respectively. We found the survival time of KIRC patients with low‐risk scores was significantly better than those with high‐risk scores in training set and testing set. ROC curves suggested that the area under the ROC (AUC) value for prognostic risk score signature was 0.81 in training set and 0.705 in testing set. And AUC values corresponding to 1‐, 3‐, and 5 years of OS were 0.809, 0.753, and 0.794 in training set and 0.698, 0.682, and 0.754 in testing set, respectively. We established the two nomograms that confirmed high C‐index and accomplished good prediction accuracy.

Conclusions

We constructed a prognostic risk‐related ARlncRNAs signature that could accurately predict the prognosis of KIRC patients.