bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluency of Interpretation
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on Avery Dulles's practice of theology. Dulles was a careful, complex, and critical thinker. His body of published works gives evidence that over his lifetime he considered an amazingly broad expanse of subjects in fundamental and systematic theology. Given this diversity of topic, genre, and circumstance, Dulles's work cannot be pinned down to any one method or stance. Upon reflection, however, a distinctive trait emerges, one that not only gives a basic unity to his own approach but also has influenced later generations. This characteristic can be called, put forward in the Tuohy lecture, as a consciously chosen fluency in theological interpretation. Such fluency enabled Dulles's thought to avoid fundamentalism not only of scripture but also of doctrine on the one hand, while generating a powerful impetus for fidelity to tradition on the other. It enabled him to navigate between the heart of the gospel mystery and pressing historical changes that affect how it is expressed and practiced.
Avery Dulles on Luther and Lutheranism
Authors: Hall H. Ashley
Published: January 2022

This chapter assesses how Avery Dulles both inherited and contributed to an emerging appreciation within the Roman Catholic tradition for Martin Luther as a theologian and a reformer by critically evaluating Luther's historical context and ongoing influence. Though direct references to Luther are rare in Dulles's writings, his reflections on Luther and Lutheranism reveal a direct engagement with Luther research throughout his career. Moreover, Lutherans and Roman Catholics began to appreciate what their respective traditions share in common and to see a recovery of Luther's theological insights as a living voice for the future of both traditions and the possibility of a fellowship between them. The chapter first describes the development of Roman Catholic Luther research in the twentieth century. It then examines the direct comments on Luther and the Lutheran tradition by Dulles in light of this context.
Forewarning of incidence of Tikka disease on groundnut and operational crop protection using weather information in Gujarat
Authors: SAMUI R. P. , CHATTOPADHYAY N. , RAVINDRA P. S.
Published: January 2022

Studies were made to develop weather based forewarning models for the incidence of tikka disease on groundnut grown in Gujarat region. It was found that decrease in maximum and minimum temperature below 34° C and 22° C respectively and increase in morning and afternoon relative humidity above 82% and 78% respectively favoured the infestation of the disease. Synoptic weather conditions prior to the disease incidences showed that incursion of moist and cold air causing drop in maximum and minimum temperature and increase in morning and afternoon humidity were favourable for the disease infestation. This information would be useful for operational plant protection from the disease.
Mesoscale features of monsoon precipitation system as revealed by the objective analysis of rainfall from the use of high dense land rainfall observations
Authors: ROY BHOWMIK S. K. , JOARDAR D. , ROY SOMA SEN , HATWAR H. R.
Published: January 2022

A simple method for daily rainfall analysis at the resolution of 1° × 1° Lat./Long. over Indian monsoon region is applied from the use of dense land observations and satellite rainfall estimates for the month of June 2001.  The results obtained show that the analysis is able to capture large scale as well as mesoscale features of monsoon precipitation system. The availability of this data is expected to be very useful for the synoptic meteorologists and numerical weather prediction modelling community.
Statistical modelling of rainfall data using modified Weibull distribution
Authors: MURALIDHARAN K. , LATHIKA P.
Published: January 2022

This article presents the aspects of modeling rainfall data using a modified version of weibull distribution. This model takes care of those days reported with zero rainfall corresponding to the dry days (i.e., no rain day) during a season (in life testing context this situation is called instantaneous failures). We propose a modified weibull distribution as a suitable model to represent such situations by mixture of a singular distribution at zero and a two parameter weibull distribution. We derive Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE) of the parameters and their joint asymptotic distributions as well as that of the mean rainfall.  Based on the above results a 95% confidence interval for the mean of the mixture distribution is obtained. The method is illustrated with actual measured data on rainfall from two stations namely, Jalgaon and Coimbatore divisions in India during a 10 year period from 1961 to 1970. Correspond to each year, the estimates of the parameters, average rainfall and confidence intervals are provided.
Inter-annual and decadal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) over Indian Ocean
Authors: KHOLE MEDHA
Published: January 2022

With the discovery of a dipole in Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST), the Indian Ocean has been gaining an increasing importance in the context of global climate. SST is one of the important oceanic parameters controlling the ocean climate. In view of this importance, an attempt has been made in this study to examine the inter-annual and inter-seasonal variability of SST over (i) Equatorial Indian Ocean (5° N - 5° S and 50° E - 100° E) and (ii) North Indian Ocean (5° N - 20° N and 50° E - 100° E), during the period 1961-98. The values of seasonal SST anomaly over these sectors of Indian Ocean are computed for the four standard meteorological seasons over India, viz., Winter (January - February), Pre-monsoon (March - May), SW Monsoon (June - September) and Post-Monsoon   (October - December). The variability of seasonal SST anomaly is examined, using various standard statistical methods and procedures, on inter-annual as well as decadal time-scale and the results are inter-compared. The SST anomaly over both the above sectors of Indian Ocean, for all the four seasons, shows an increasing trend during 1961-98, more particularly and prominently, after mid-1970s.
A study on the role of synoptic and semi-permanent features of Indian summer monsoon on it’s rainfall variations during different phases of El-Nino
Authors: JENAMANI RAJENDRA KUMAR , DASH S. K.
Published: January 2022

Characteristics of different synoptic and semi-permanent features of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), such as monsoon disturbances (lows and depressions), monsoon trough and Tibetan anticyclone and duration of monsoon,  are studied individually for different phases of El-Nino during the period 1960-98 to understand why during some El-Nino single events, ISMR was deficient while during other years, ISMR was on the positive side of normal or normal. This study examines cases of El-Nino double events with deficient and near deficient ISMR in one of the two years and in both the years respectively. The cases of deficient ISMR without any El-Nino are also discussed. Emphasis has been given on the effects of the synoptic and semi-permanent features on spatial variations of ISMR.

Results show that characteristics of synoptic and semi-permanent features were important for ISMR and these were responsible for producing normal or above normal ISMR during some years in spite of El-Nino such as 1997. Also in the absence of El-Nino, ISMR was deficient because of less number of days of monsoon trough, lows and depressions, and weak Tibetan anticyclone. The reverse happened during flood years when there was no La-Nina. Statistical analysis indicates very high correlation coefficients (CCs) of these synoptic and semi-permanent features with ISMR than those of SST of Nino-3 region. India received highest monsoon rainfall during 1961 because total number of days of intense monsoon disturbances and monsoon trough and the total duration of monsoon over India during the year was the highest. This study shows that monsoon disturbances and monsoon trough are the most important components of synoptic and semi-permanent features, which affected spatial variation of ISMR in 1965 and 1966 with deficient rainfall and in 1961 and 1994 with excess rainfall over a large part of India.
Effects of Chlorpyrifos on biochemical characteristics of Labeorohitafish during acute and chronic exposure
Authors: Syed Adeeba , Mazhar Sumaira , Rafi Uzma , Hussain Dilawar , Hayee Sara
Published: January 2022

The aim of present study was to examine the biochemical characteristics of Labeorohita fish during acute and chronic exposure of pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF). Methods:During acute exposure, fish were exposed to different concentrations of CPF ranging from 0, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 mg/L for 96 hrs in glass aquaria. The 96 hrs LC50 value of CPF for Labeorohita was found to be 0.01 mg/L. During chronic exposure fish were subjected to 1/3rd, 1/5th, 1/7th and 1/9th of LC50 for 30 days. At the end of the trial, samples were collected for biochemical (Blood cells, haemoglobin, plasma glucose and plasma protein) and sent to related laboratories. Results:The present study showed the RBCs, haemoglobin and Plasma Glucose level decreases as the concentration of CPF increases. On the other hand, platelets, WBCs and Plasma glucose level increases as the concentration of CPF increases. Decrease in RBCs count and haemoglobin indicates that CPF can cause anaemia to the fish. Conclusions: It is therefore concluded that Chlorpyrifos adversely affects the major organs of the fish Labeorohita.
Deep dive into ethics of Contributor Roles: report of a FORCE11 workshop
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Ilik Violeta , Vasilevsky Nicole , Holmes Kristi
Published: January 2022

The FORCE11 attribution working group held a workshop during the 2021 FORCE conference to explore some ethical aspects of using Contributor Roles (CRs). This workshop provided an overview of various CRs and their practical values in terms of providing a better recognition of the wide range of scholarly contributions.
Conformal Hemi-Slant Riemannian Maps
Authors: YANAN Şener
Published: January 2022

In this study, we define conformal hemi-slant Riemannian maps from an almost Hermitian manifold to a Riemannian manifold as a generalization of conformal anti-invariant Riemannian maps, conformal semi-invariant Riemannian maps and conformal slant Riemannian maps. Then, we obtain integrability conditions for certain distributions which are included in the notion of hemi-slant Riemannian maps and investigate their leaves. Also, we get totally geodesic conditions for this type maps. Lastly, we introduce some geometric properties under the notion of pluri-harmonic map.
Analisis Manajemen Pengelolaan Keuangan Dan Administrasi Di Mini Market
Authors: Safitri Marliza , Anwar US Kasful
Published: January 2022

Determinan Kinerja Keuangan pada Minimarket “ Alfamart” di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh catatan akuntansi, sistem akuntansi, aksesibilitas keuangan, innovasi keuangan, praktik penanganan uang tunai, biaya transaksi, akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan SPI terhadap kinerja keuangan pada minimarket “ alfamart” di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan minimarket “ alfamart” di Kabupaten Karanganyar berjumlah 44 minimarket. Sampel dipilih dari purposive sampling, sampel yang digunakan 10 minimarket yang beroperasional 24 jam (80 responden). Sumber data adalah data primer (kuesioner). 

Analisis  ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dengan program SPSS versi 21. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa catatan akuntansi, praktik penanganan uang tunai, biaya transaksi, dan akuntabilitas memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan. Sedangkan, sistem akuntansi, aksesibilitas keuangan, innovasi keuangan, transparansi, dan SPI tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja keuangan.
Nihil Est Tam Inaequale Quam Aequitas Ipsa
Authors: Đukić Dalibor
Published: January 2022

This study analyses the positions of churches and religious communities in the Serbian legal system. The 2006 Law on Churches and Religious Communities introduced the so-called ‘multi-tier system’, under which there are multiple legal categories of religious organisations. This study analyses the legal position of religious communities that have acquired a legal personality in accordance with socialist legislation, which defines ‘confessional communities’. Some refuse to undergo registration under the new regulations for fear of losing their acquired rights. Special attention was paid to the legal solutions that have attempted to regulate their status more closely, as well as the reasons behind the decision not to allow their automatic registration ex officio.
Pelindungan Hak Pilih Penyandang Disabilitas Mental dalam Pendekatan Rangkaian Proses Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 135/PUU-VIII/2015
Authors: Nursyamsi Fajri , Ramadhan Muhammad Nur
Published: January 2022

The Constitutional Court Decision Number 135 / PUU-XIII / 2015 stated that the requirement for "not being mentally / memory disturbed" to be registered as a voter in Law Number 8 of 2015 is unconstitutional. The decision opens a new perspective on the protection of suffrage for persons with mental disabilities, and acknowledges that mental / memory impairment conditions are not the same between one person and another. The decision is in accordance with the development of thoughts on the legal capacity of persons with disabilities using a continuum approach, which recognizing that everyone is a legal subject, but practically it is necessary to look at the person's ability to exercise their rights, especially in decision making. The Constitutional Court decision has been applied in various regulations related to elections, which cannot be separated from the efforts of disabled people organizations to implement it. However, the changes are still at the administrative level, have not resulted in a change in perspective on the recognition of the legal capacity of persons with mental disabilities. In practice, there are still cases of persons with mental disabilities who were not registered as voters so that they are forced to be unable to exercise their voting rights. Based on this explanation, it is important to analyze how the legal capacity approach for persons with mental disabilities is used in the Constitutional Court decisions Number 135 / PUU-XIII / 2015, and how this approach should be applied to ensure the protection of the suffrage rights of persons with disabilities. This legal research was conducted using a qualitative approach, using primary sources of law in the form of statutory regulations and other forms of policy, as well as secondary sources of law in the form of literature and other valid and relevant information. This study presents a discussion of the suffrage rights of persons with mental disabilities using a continuum approach that has not been discussed in previous studies, so that it is expected to be able to sharpen the implementation.
Penindakan Pelanggaran Terstruktur, Sistematis dan Masif pada Pilkada 2020, Menimbulkan Norma Baru
Authors: Limbong Jaya Hasiholan
Published: January 2022

This study aims to reveal the existence of violations of the Bandar Lampung Mayor Election in 2020, which was carried out by the wife of the Mayor "Eva Dwiana" or often called "Mother Eva" as Candidate Pair Number 3. normatively from the legal and empirical literature from a political perspective, by coming to the TSM Violation Trial as well as through the TSM Violation Virtual Trial. Where to look deeper, a conceptual case approach is also used. Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were violations in the 2020 Bandar Lampung Mayoral Election (Pilwalkot) by Bawaslu, findings these violations were in the form of providing necessities, transportation money for family welfare empowerment, and there was the use of access to the husband's position as the incumbent mayor. Previously it had been found guilty of committing a Structured, Systematic and Massive Administrative Violation (TSM) by the Lampung Province Bawaslu, not long ago the disqualification was canceled by a judge at the Supreme Court level and gave rise to a new norm, namely reports must be at 07.00 to 13.00 which indirectly directly amend the General Elections Supervisory Agency Regulation Number 8 of 2020 concerning Handling of Violations in the Election of Mayors and Deputy Mayors on the provisions of the day which states that the day is 24 hours long. Based on these findings, law enforcement must be based on a view of the reality that occurs in society, not only from regulation. From the point of view of the reality that happens in the community, not only from regulation.
PENERAPAN SENAM EGRENOMIK TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA YANG MENGALAMI HIPERTENSI DI UPTD PSLU TRESNA WERDHA NATAR LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Sri Wulan Sarinah , Ida Yatun Khomsah
Published: January 2022

Hipertensi terjadi jika tekanan darah lebih dari 140/90 mmHg. Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan dimana terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah secara abnormal dan terus-menerus pada beberapa kali pemeriksaan tekanan darah yang disebabkan satu atau beberapa factor risiko yang tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya dalam mempertahankan tekanan darah secara normal. Pengobatan hipertensi dapat dilakukan dari farmakologi maupun non farmakologi salah satunya yaitu dengan senam egrenomik. Senam Egrenomik adalah suatu metode yang praktis, efektif, efisien, dan logis dalam memelihara kesehatan tubuh manusia. Senam Egrenomik mampu mengembalikan dan memperbaiki posisi dan kelenturan sistem saraf dan aliran darah, memaksimalkan suplai oksigen ke otak. Tujuan karya tulis ilmiah ini memperoleh gambaran penerapan senam egrenomik terhadap tekanan darah  pada lansia yang mengalami hipertensi di UPTD PSLU Tresna Werdha Natar Lampung Selatan Tahun 2021. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Subyek yang digunakan adalah dua orang pasien lansia yang mengalami hipertensi. Hasil dari karya tulis ilmiah ini dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sesudah dilakukan penerapan senam egrenomik.  Saran Bagi Panti Social Lanjut Usia Tresna Werdha Natar Lampung Selatan menjadikan senam egrenomik sebagai kegiatan rutin selama satu minggu sekali untuk mengurangi tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi
CORRELATION OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND INTRAOPERATIVE FINDINGS WITH CLINICAL SYMPTOMS IN HEAD TRAUMA PATIENTS
Authors: Saiediborojeni Hamidreza , Hemmatpour Behzad , Akrami Mohammadreza , Mahdavikian Somayeh , Saiediborojeni Sepehr , Mahvar Tayebeh
Published: January 2022

Hematoma in different parts of the brain is one of the most important complications of head injury and is associated with high mortality and morbidity rate. The aim of this study was evaluation of the relationship between Computed Tomography (CT) and intraoperative findings with clinical symptoms in head trauma patients.

In this study 95 patients with cerebral hemorrhage due to head trauma, referred to Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah were studied. After an initial clinical examination, the level of consciousness determined according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was recorded. All patients underwent brain CT scan and findings were recorded, including size and location of the hematoma. Patients in all treatment such as surgical procedures under the supervision, and the information on their status was recorded until discharge or death.

It was found that most patients (38%) were between 40-20 years: 73% of patients were male, while 27% were female. The outcome of 35 patients (35.4%) were normal, 12 patients (12.3%) had moderate disability, 9 patients (9.2%) had severe disability, 11 patients (10.8%) vegetative state and 31 patients (32.3%) died. There was a significant association between location of the hematoma and hematoma in CT scan and outcome of patients with cerebral hemorrhage caused by trauma (P<0.05). We also found a significant association between size of the hematoma and midline shift in CT scan with outcome of patients with cerebral hemorrhage caused by trauma (P<0.05).

The prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury depends on location of the hematoma; volume of hematoma, midline shift in CT scan and length of trauma to surgery more than 4 hours.
Feminine and Feminist?
Authors: Cervin Georgia
Published: January 2022

Chapter 5 problematizes the position of women’s artistic gymnastics as a sport designed to adhere to gender norms and asks whether it can offer any kind of feminist experience for the gymnasts involved. Over the twentieth century, the sport transformed from its balletic origins into an acrobatic pursuit. Correspondingly, gymnasts’ ages and bodies changed. Injuries prevailed and the sport was notoriously authoritarian. Through these different styles, gymnasts demonstrated diverse interpretations of femininity and apologized for their gender transgressions. Yet, at the same time, they experienced the freedom of complete mastery over their own bodies in space. This chapter shows how collaboration across borders can be subtle. Social ideals about “race” and gender from around the world were inscribed on the sport and the bodies that practice it as the result of officials, technologies, gymnasts, and coaches working together, shaping the sport to align with contemporary ideals of womanhood.
Creating the Peoria Scene
Authors: Wright Jonathan , Barrett Dawson
Published: January 2022

This chapter traces the earliest incarnation of an actual Peoria punk scene, beginning with the arrival of established Chicago punks, the Stepe brothers. The Stepes moved to Peoria in 1983 when their father, a Caterpillar worker, was transferred. After leaving a blossoming Chicago punk scene revolving around the Cubby Bear, Wax Trax Records, and bands like Naked Raygun and Articles of Faith, the brothers formed Peoria’s first known do-it-yourself (DIY) punk band, Electric Cool-Aid. They then joined with Peoria local Bloody Mess to form the band Chips Patroll.
What Played (and Didn’t Play) in Peoria
Authors: Wright Jonathan , Barrett Dawson
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the Peoria music scene’s expansion and musical experimentation beyond the hardcore punk sound of the early 1980s, including the glam rock of Kill City Boys and goth-inspired Daed Kcis. The gymnasium at Illinois Central College, the local community college, briefly became a go-to venue for punk shows, notably including an appearance by Chicago’s Naked Raygun.
Nazi Punks Fuck Off
Authors: Wright Jonathan , Barrett Dawson
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the pitfalls of the growing Peoria music scene of the early 1990s, particularly the violence, destruction, and chaos that often ended shows prematurely, attracting police and negative press, and ultimately convincing venue proprietors to stop renting their spaces for punk shows. These clashes included racist neo-Nazis and anti-racist Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice (SHARPs), as well as less ideological factions.
For God and Country
Authors: Wright Jonathan , Barrett Dawson
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines the growing ambitions of the Peoria punk scene in the mid-1990s, including an “Alternative” music night at the city’s historic Madison Theater and a new record label and show promotion outfit called Naked Bums, which brought bands such as Hum and the Jesus Lizard to Peoria. While Hum went on to appear on MTV’s Beavis and Butthead, the Jesus Lizard’s Peoria show, a preview for the summer’s Lollapalooza tour, received national coverage in Rolling Stone.
This Is Not a Fugazi Chapter
Authors: Wright Jonathan , Barrett Dawson
Published: January 2022

This chapter tracks attempts by competing punk promoters to lure the legendary Washington, DC band Fugazi to Peoria. The band eventually agreed to play Peoria in the fall of 1995, drawing hundreds of people to a venue better known for hosting gun shows and fairs. Fugazi’s Peoria performance, which included a number of audience injuries and prompted the band to ask the crowd to sit down, is documented in the band’s live performance series.
Our CBGB
Authors: Wright Jonathan , Barrett Dawson
Published: January 2022

This chapter tells the story of a short-lived record store and punk venue called Tiamat Records. In addition to incubating local bands and drawing prominent touring acts such as Catharsis, New Bomb Turks, and Bright Eyes, Tiamat Records was an openly anarchist and feminist space, akin to an infoshop.
Spirituals and Minstrelsy
Authors: Mungons Kevin , Yeo Douglas
Published: January 2022

The African American spiritual emerged as a devotional and performance idiom in the early twentieth century, promoted in black and white communities and churches through the work of Jubilee Singers, and in secular and sacred contexts. Homer Rodeheaver played an important role in their early commercial history by transcribing performances of spirituals for publication in his hymnals, championing them in evangelistic meetings, and recording them with black gospel singing groups. The authors explore Rodeheaver’s quest for authenticity in spirituals, their transformative religious meaning, their connection to minstrelsy, and their influence on their development American popular music, Rodeheaver’s personal interest in black culture is also examined through his performances of the poetry of Paul Laurence Dunbar, presented in dialect and blackface.
African American Intellectual History
Authors: Dagbovie Pero Gaglo
Published: January 2022

Before and since the explosion of scholarship on Black historical subject matter during the latter part of the Black Power era, a voluminous amount of scholarship has been published by African Americanists on what today could be construed as African American or Black intellectual history. Focusing on the ideas of an assortment of scholars (mainly historians), this chapter is most concerned with discussing important scholarship, salient characteristics, and trends and key turning points in Black intellectual history during the first three quarters of the twentieth century and some of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Black intellectual history should not be viewed in vacuo, and, thus, this chapter also surveys some basic trends in mainstream US intellectual history, highlighting a group of its leading practitioners’ general disregard for African American intellectuals. Given the abundance of scholarship in Black intellectual history for close to a century, like all historiographies, some sagacious decisions are made about which of the field’s major practitioners and publications to include and showcase. Central to this approach is Adolph Reed Jr. and Kenneth W. Warren’s 2010 perceptive observation: “The academic practice of intellectual history is itself a historical phenomenon.”
Letters to Our Daughters
Authors: Evans Stephanie Y.
Published: January 2022

This essay maps the geographic and thematic locations of Black women’s life stories. It expands the cartography of Black women’s memoirs and autobiographies by tracing writing throughout the diaspora and situating Black American women’s writing within a larger tradition of disparate scribes and griots. The chapter outlines parameters of initial life-story genres, including enslavement survival narratives; moves through cornerstone storytellers, such as Maya Angelou; and situates publications during the civil rights and Black Power eras within contexts of Black writers from Africa, the Caribbean, Europe, and Latin America. Even though the specific focus remains on autobiographers in the United States, the chapter also highlights emergent themes and patterns to more clearly trace intellectual traditions and connections of Black women writers.
New Negro Messengers in Dixie
Authors: Harold Claudrena N.
Published: January 2022

This essay examines the central roles of Black faculty at historical Black colleges and universities and their radical pedagogical work as major incubators of Black progressive thought in the early twentieth century. Despite pressures to emulate the manual-training curriculum implemented by Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute, Virginia Union University built a progressive faculty deeply committed to supplying Black students with the intellectual training necessary to address global problems of White supremacy and labor exploitation. Black students were self-consciously determined to view their career contributions in terms beyond just scholarly impact, and this chapter illustrates how the larger calling of developing the imaginations of Black students would profoundly shape the development of Black social science literature during the first half of the twentieth century.
Black Conservative Dissent
Authors: Levy La Tasha B.
Published: January 2022

This chapter traces the history of Black conservative ideology and its controversial approaches to racial equality, self-help, Black identity, and culture. Throughout the twentieth century, conservative leaders and intellectuals, such as Booker T. Washington, George Schuyler, Joseph Jackson, Thomas Sowell, Anne Wortham, and Shelby Steele, contributed to national debates regarding the nature of inequality and racial discrimination as well as public policy. Although varied in their approaches and perspectives, Black conservatives advocate a coherent ideology that disrupts notions of a homogeneous Black intellectual tradition.
Postracialism and its Discontents
Authors: Miletsky Zebulon Vance
Published: January 2022

This essay explores how the election of Barack Obama in 2008 moved America into a new postracial terrain. It examines the implications of the term “postracialism” that emerged as part of a new popular discourse about racism and the degree to which it undercuts arguments for broad state action to address racial inequality. It illustrates that while whites embraced the concept of a “postracial” America because race loses its meaning, Blacks conversely rejected this same construct because race, and ultimately racism, lose significance in both popular discourse and lived experiences. This essay explores how the election of Barack Obama has moved America into a new post-racial terrain.
Movie Workers
Authors: Bell Melanie
Published: January 2022

After the advent of sound, women in the British film industry formed an essential corps of below-the-line workers, laboring in positions from animation artist to negative cutter to costume designer. This book maps the work of these women decade by decade, examining their far-ranging economic and creative contributions against the backdrop of the discrimination that constrained their careers. The author's use of oral histories and trade union records presents a vivid counter-narrative to film history, one that focuses not only on women in a male-dominated business, but on the innumerable types of physical and emotional labor required to make a motion picture. The book's feminist analysis looks at women's jobs in film at important historical junctures while situating the work in the context of changing expectations around women and gender roles. Illuminating and astute, the book is a first-of-its-kind examination of the unsung women whose invisible work brought British filmmaking to the screen.
The 1940s
Authors: Bell Melanie
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how the Second World War had a significant impact on the British film industry. It continues the theme of secondary status by examining how this played out in the 1940s, a decade dominated by the Second World War and an official address to women to join the workforce as reserve labor. In the service film units, the chapter shows how women “free[d] a man for the fleet” by taking over roles in editing, projection, photography, and animation, while their work as assistants in art departments kept the “back room” of Britain's film studios functioning. It also draws on the experience of women in documentary directing to introduce the concept of the episodic-interrupted career as a defining characteristic of women's employment. The chapter uses the concept to illuminate the multifaceted nature of women's occupational profiles and, in doing so, disrupt the dominant, male-defined narrative of the continuous work history as the key indicator of career success.
The 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Bell Melanie
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on the 1970s and 1980s and continues the theme of women in male-dominated positions, extending it by contrasting the experiences of women in the feature film sector with those who actively built film communities outside mainstream production. Looking first at women in camera and sound jobs, it discusses how they faced the choice of either “fitting in or fighting” and the strategies they adopted to survive in a macho working environment. The chapter then moves on to examine women's experiences in the workshop sector, a unique feature of the decade's film culture, which supported cross-job working, media education, and training. Through a focus on the themes of child care, women-only spaces, class, and ethnicity, the chapter explores the possibilities, and limitations, of work outside the mainstream film industry. It also opens up the intersection of gender, ethnicity, and sexuality and argues for a wider recognition of Black women's pedagogy in film history.
Indigenous Football in North America
Authors: Bunk Brian D.
Published: January 2022

Indigenous football in North America has rarely been studied. The chapter argues that, for Native Americans and First Peoples, football served a social and cultural role in building and sustaining extended communities. Football play occurred at moments when social groups larger than extended families gathered together, often to mark the beginning or end of a harvest or hunting season. Although competitive, game play reflected the celebratory spirit of such occasions when the pressures of survival were temporarily abated. Playing football provided young men and women the opportunity to compete against others, thereby demonstrating their physical prowess and skill. Unlike lacrosse and some other pastimes, football did not appear to have overt religious or spiritual connotations for most groups.
Soccer Goes to War
Authors: Bunk Brian D.
Published: January 2022

Soccer had been played for decades prior to World War I, but the experience of war transformed it from a marginalized pastime into an established part of the American sporting tradition. The chapter tells the stories of Joe Cunat and Maurice Hudson to illustrate how the war contributed to the growth of soccer in the United States. A foundation of soccer clubs, leagues, and players already existed in many communities, including areas around Chicago and San Francisco where the two men competed. The government along with the YMCA spent enormous resources to encourage at soldiers to play and watch soccer. Such investments introduced the game to hundreds of thousands of men, thus providing a new cohort of players and spectators that could support the competitions that had emerged over the previous decade. The experience of war led to a golden age of soccer in the 1920s.
Amateur Associations along the American Atlantic Coast
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter follows the spread of lawn tennis from Britain to Continental Europe and the North American Atlantic coast. The chapter situates tennis in the United States within the cultural history of the leisure class during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. A social history of early lawn tennis clubs and amateur associations points to the staunch stance the early leaders of the game took against the presence of money in the sport. The famous Philadelphia champion Bill Tilden became a particular cause of concern for amateur tennis authorities.
The Impact of Sports Agents and Agencies on Professional Tennis
Authors: Ruth Greg
Published: January 2022

This chapter gives an account of the structure of and work done by sports agents for their athlete clients beginning in the 1960s. Mark McCormack’s International Management Group was the first and became the biggest sports marketing firm in the world. Donald Dell’s ProServ was another major sports agency that counted many of the best tennis players in the world as clients. As an individual sport with a global schedule, sports agents came to assume a great deal of power in influencing the commercial directions of the game in its very recent move into Open Tennis.
The 1912 Uprising of New York City’s Laundry Workers
Authors: Carson Matter
Published: January 2022

Chapter 3 shifts the focus of the story to New York City, one of the leading centers of the industry and one of the few places where the workers were able to form a union. This campaign began on January 1, 1912, with New York City’s first general strike of laundry workers. Organizers from the Laundry Workers International Union (LWIU), which was affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, rushed to the scene, eager to assert control over the grassroots uprising, but it was the middle- and working-class leaders of the Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) whom the women turned to for support. Women laundry workers, including Margaret Hinchey and WTUL allies such as wealthy and well-connected WTUL president Mary Dreier and WTUL organizer and socialist Leonora O’Reilly, organized parades and picket lines and liaised with churches, suffrage leaders, and other female-led movements and institutions. This chapter demonstrates that the gender-based alliances forged during this strike underlined the vitality of the Progressive Era women’s labor movement and its potential to empower the most exploited workers, but they also exposed the women’s marginality on the edges of a labor movement led by and for men, as well as the potential for class tensions between upper-class feminist labor allies and working women.
The Rise and Fall of Local 284
Authors: Carson Matter
Published: January 2022

The Great Migration brought large numbers of Black wage-earning women into the urban North from both the South and abroad, including Trinidadian Garveyite and activist Charlotte Adelmond. Chapter 4 demonstrates that in the 1920s Black migration and employer and worker preferences transformed the laundry workforce from predominantly white to interracial. It also reveals that Black women would find employment in both power and hand laundries, the small storefront shops discussed in this chapter. Black workers’ entry into the laundries injected new energy into the union campaign, spurring the formation of a new AFL-affiliated laundry local, this time in the hand laundries and this time led by a Black woman. It also attracted new allies to the campaign, including the short-lived Trade Union Committee for Organizing Negro Workers, led by Black socialists and trade unionists A. Philip Randolph and Frank Crosswaith. The WTUL, which by 1920 was under the leadership of industrial feminist and former cap maker Rose Schneiderman, also continued to support the workers, committed to nurturing Black women’s unionism. Chapter 4 demonstrates that with the support of allies with different interests and agendas and inspired by different ideologies and philosophies, Black and white women laundry workers would gain important organizational experience in the 1920s that they would harness to organize their coworkers in the 1930s.
“It Was Up to All of Us to Fight”
Authors: Carson Matter
Published: January 2022

Chapter 5 begins with a discussion of the deleterious impact of the Depression on the laundry industry and Black workers and then introduces the small but dedicated group of communist organizers, including Jessie Taft Smith and Beatrice Shapiro Lumpkin, who supported a grassroots uprising of laundry workers in Harlem and the Bronx. This chapter demonstrates that instead of crushing the workers’ incipient unionism, the Depression set the stage for the largest revolt yet. Inspired by the laundry workers’ mobilizing and following the Communist Party’s Third Period directive to organize independent industrial unions, in 1931 communist laundry workers and organizers spearheaded the formation of a new laundry union: the Laundry Workers Industrial Union, affiliated with the Communist Party’s Trade Union Unity League (TUUL). Unlike the AFL laundry union, the Left-led union united the mostly women and people of color inside the plants with the more highly paid white male drivers. With support from the Left-led Women’s Councils and Unemployed Councils, the laundry workers and their communist allies led a series of strikes that shut down some of the largest plants in Harlem and the Bronx. The Left-led mobilization, which focused on issues of racial justice, demonstrates that in semiskilled and unskilled industries with largely moribund AFL unions, communist organizing during the sectarian Third Period provided important support for workers who had already begun organizing at the shop floor level practicing a more inclusive and militant industrial unionism.
Will You Miss Me When I’m Gone?
Authors: Milward John
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses the 1927 recordings of Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family. Record producer Ralph Peer spent twelve days in the summer of 1927 recording regional musicians in Bristol, Tennessee; the sessions have been called the big bang of country music because they introduced two seminal acts, the Carter Family and Jimmie Rodgers. The recording and distribution of homespun American music was not new, but the Bristol sessions confirmed that commercial records would soon supplant an oral tradition that had passed songs from one musician (and generation) to the next. The Carter Family and Jimmie Rodgers had some things in common but were also quite different. The Carters' repertoire was drawn from and inspired by the folk songs brought to America from the British Isles. Meanwhile, Jimmie Rodgers was a folkie bluesman with a shape-shifting persona suitable for songs that could be randy or pious, silly or sad.
Not by Words Alone
Authors: Starr Larry
Published: January 2022

Taking its cue from Bob Dylan’s own Nobel Prize lecture, in which he urges people to listen to his work, this chapter presents the basic case for Dylan as a performing musician. Unfounded assertions that Dylan has a “bad” voice, that he “can’t really play” his instruments, or that his music by itself is “boring,” are debunked. His authentic achievements as a singer, instrumentalist, and composer are demonstrated through a consideration of his famous recording, “Like a Rolling Stone.”
His Other Voice
Authors: Starr Larry
Published: January 2022

This chapter traces the evolution of Bob Dylan’s harmonica playing, from his first album into the mid-1960s. From the beginning, his harmonica served as Dylan’s second “voice,” employed as a vehicle for melodic and rhythmic expression and frequently performing an essential structural role in delineating the forms of both his songs and of his performances of them. Important songs discussed in detail are “Blowin’ in the Wind,” “Girl from the North Country,” “Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right,” “Chimes of Freedom,” and “Desolation Row.” Dylan continued to feature the harmonica throughout most of his career, and a striking example of his later usage is provided through a discussion of the 1989 song “What Was It You Wanted?”
9
Authors: West Martha Ullman
Published: January 2022

Janet Reed devotes herself to family life and to becoming a visiting professor of dance at Bard College and Vassar College. Reed also joined the Dance Panel for the U.S. Department of State’s Cultural Exchange Program and then moved to Seattle to become the director of the Pacific Northwest Dance Company School. She invited many former associates to trach at the school, including Todd Bolender and Melissa Hayden.
Quilcapampa’s Ceramics
Authors: López Oscar Huamán , Jennings Justin , Álvarez Willy Yépez
Published: January 2022

A description of Quilcapampa’s ceramics in terms of paste, form, and iconography. The ceramics are divided into two broad groups. The first group relates to South coastal traditions, with the utilitarian ceramics coming from this group. The second group is Wari-related, coming from styles with origins from both the coast and highlands. We describe how Quilcapampa’s assemblage relates to other during the Middle Horizon, along with detailing the post-fired incision marks and, in a few cases, vessel breakage and dispersal patterns. In sum, we suggest that ceramics at Quilcapampa were unrelated to those manufactured locally in the Sihuas Valley with some pots imported from the Wari heartland and the rest closely emulating the kinds of vessels manufactured in the Peru South Coast region.
Vertebrate and Invertebrate Remains at Quilcapampa
Authors: Alaica Aleksa K. , Cuzcano Patricia Quiñonez , Rosa Luis Manuel González La
Published: January 2022

The vertebrate and invertebrate remains at Quilcapampa provide a window into diet and, to a lesser degree, personal decoration. These remains are divided into genus and species and coded in terms of how each specimen may have been burnt, polished, gnawed, or otherwise modified. We then explore spatial differences across the site in the faunal remains. The key find is that camelid processing significantly differed between the core and outlying area, with better cuts of meat consumed in the core. Shell bead production, at a limited scale, may have also occurred in the core. Isotope analysis of camelid remains suggest that some llamas were on the move, going from the highlands to the coast and back again. The chapter indicates, once again, that people followed distinct practices in different areas of the site.
LEARN – Um novo protocolo de roteamento para VANET baseado em setorização hexagonal
Authors: Brennand Celso A. R. L. , Rocha Filho Geraldo P. , Meneguette Rodolfo I.
Published: January 2022

Um dos principais problemas dos serviços de sugestão de rotas providos pelo Sistema de Transporte Inteligente (ITS) diz respeito a comunicação, tais como o atraso da rede, desconexão e cobertura. Com isso em mente, este artigo propõe o LEARN, um protocoLo de rotEamento para vAnet baseado em setoRização hexagoNal. Para tanto, o LEARN setoriza o cenário em hexágonos associando os veículos aos setores de acordo com sua localização. Com isso, as mensagens são encaminhadas entre os setores até o destino tirando proveito do conhecimento das densidades em cada região. Portanto, o LEARN se adapta às características inerentes do ambiente, como a densidade de regiões e ﬂuxo de veículos. Quando comparado com outros trabalhos relacionados, o LEARN apresenta uma redução no número de mensagens de 95%, mantendo a cobertura em 97% em diferentes características de cenário.
Mobilidade de Turistas Internacionais: Uma Comparação entre Dados Oficiais e de LBSN
Authors: Skora Lucas E. B. , Senefonte Helen C. M. , Delgado Myriam R. B. S. , Lüders Ricardo , Silva Thiago H.
Published: January 2022

O estudo do comportamento de turistas é estratégico para melhoria dos serviços nesse competitivo segmento econômico. Trabalhos atuais geralmente exploram essa questão usando dados tradicionais, como questionários. Esse tipo de fonte fornece informações valiosas, no entanto, sofre com escalabilidade e abrangência. Uma fonte alternativa que minimiza esses problemas é obtida pelas redes sociais baseadas em localização (LBSNs). No entanto, para o uso apropriado desses dados é necessário averiguar se o comportamento capturado nessas redes reﬂete de maneira satisfatória o comportamento real medido com dados tradicionais. Assim, o presente trabalho visa validar se o ﬂuxo internacional de turistas capturado com uma LBSN reﬂete de maneira satisfatória o comportamento real medido com dados tradicionais. Resultados iniciais sugerem que os dados LBSNs representam notavelmente bem o comportamento estudado e que podem habilitar pesquisas sobre a mobilidade desses turistas.