bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of supplementary feeding with stunting among children in Kintamani, Bangli, Bali Province
Authors: Marfianti Istiana , Wirawan I Made Ady , Weta I Wayan
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The prevalence of stunting among under-five children in Indonesia and also in Bali is high. Studies on risk factors of stunting have been widely conducted in Indonesia, however association between stunting and diet pattern is still inconsistent. The aim of this study is to examine association of supplementary feeding pattern with stunting among children aged 1-3 years.

Methods: A case control study was conducted in Bangli District. A total of 48 cases and 48 controls were selected to participate in the study. Age and sex variables between cases and controls were matched. Cases and controls were selected using a systematic random sampling method from 26 health post registers in Kintamani I Public Health Centre between November and December 2016. Data were collected in March 2017 by interviewing the mother at the health post. Data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. A logictic regression was performed to calculate adjusted odd ratio (AOR).

Results: Cases and controls were comparable for age (p=0.773), sex (p=0.219), mother’s education (p=0.673) and history of infectious diseases (p=0.584). Cases and controls differed in several variables: frequency, variability and type of supplementary feeding (p=0.002, <0.001 and <0.001),  family income (p=0.038), poor personal hygiene (p<0.001), environmental sanitation (p=0.022) and access to clean water (p<0.001). Our analysis showed that several variables were associated with stunting among children aged 1-3 years, which included lack of supplementary feeding variability (AOR=12.45; 95%CI: 2.25-69.71), poor personal hygiene (AOR=3.52; 95%CI: 1.03-12.03), and poor access to clean water (AOR=6.49; 95%CI: 1.61-26.19). Other variables included supplementary feeding initiation, frequency of supplementary feeding, consistency or type of supplementary feeding, sex, and family income were not associated with stunting among children aged 1-3 years.

Conclusions: Variability of supplementary feeding, personal hygiene, and access to clean water were all associated with stunting among children aged 1-3 years.
Risk factors of pre-eclampsia in Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu , Duarsa Dyah Pradnyaparamita
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Pre-eclampsia is a major contributing factor of maternal mortality. Dompu District has a high rate of maternal mortality relative to the rest of districts in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Pre-eclampsia is the major cause of maternal mortality in Dompu District. This study aims to examine risk factors of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women.

Methods: A case control study was conducted in five public health centres in Dompu District. A total of 104 women who gave birth and have diagnosed with pre-eclampsia during the pregnancy were recruited as cases. A total of 104 women who gave girth and did not have pre-eclampsia were selected as controls. All cases and controls were selected using a systematic random sampling technique from the 2016 pregnant women cohort at five public health centres. Data were collected through interview and extraction from the maternal and child health book. Data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate techniques.

Results: Our multivariate analysis found that pre-eclampsia was associated with parity of 1 or >3 (AOR=3.64; 95%CI: 1.85-7.17), body mass index of >27.0 kg/m2 (AOR=3.01; 95%CI: 1.39-6.48), history of chronic diseases (AOR=16.43; 95%CI: 3.32-81.22) and smoke exposure (AOR=3.71; 95%CI: 1.95-7.05).

Conclusions: Parity of 1 and >3, BMI of >27.0 kg/m2, history of chronic illnesses and smoke exposure are risk factors for pre-eclampsia in Dompu District, West Nusa Tenggara.
Relationship between institution status and the organizational culture of community health centres in Bali
Authors: Astuti Maria Magdalena Zulian Puji , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri , Januraga Pande Putu
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The adoption of an appropriate organizational culture model can be instrumental in ensuring the success of an institution. Currently, public health centres (PHCs) in Indonesia are being remodeled to function as independent units managed as regional public service agencies (BLUD). This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the organizational culture of BLUD PHCs with non BLUD PHCs.

Methods: Survey was conducted with 142 staff from BLUD PHCs and with 109 staff from non BLUD PHCs, selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected by completing the organizational culture assessment instrument (OCAI) according to the concept of Competing Values ​​Framework (CVF) and analyzed descriptively to determine aspects of the organizational culture.

Results: Staff at the BLUD PHCs presented with lower education levels, were older and with an average longer working period compared to staff at the non BLUD PHCs. A hierarchical organizational culture was found in three BLUD PHCs and in one BLUD PHCs, while the other two non BLUD PHCs indicated a tendency towards a clan culture. It is hoped that in the next two years all PHC will adhere to a clan organizational culture model.

Conclusions: Significant differences in age, education and number of working years between BLUD PHCs and non BLUD PHCs determine the organizational culture model adopted. The current adopted organizational culture is hierarchical whereas a transition to clan culture is desired.
The provision of promotive and preventative healthcare services by private primary care physicians in the era of the national health insurance program
Authors: Artha Ketut Ary Diana , Suarjana I Ketut , Januraga Pande Putu
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: In addition to their duties in addressing the curative and rehabilitative needs of the community, private primary care physicians (PCP) play an important role in providing promotive and preventative healthcare services. This study aims to determine the behaviours, enabling and inhibiting factors involved with the provision of promotive and preventative services by PCP in the era of national health insurance (JKN) implementation.

Methods: This research is a mix method study using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative surveys were conducted with all PCPs already in working collaboration with the Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) in the Denpasar City area (61 people). Data analysis techniques used descriptive techniques in order to explore the kinds of promotion and preventative services provided by PCPs. Qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews of 8 informants selected by purposive sampling and analyzed thematically to discover the enabling and inhibiting factors of the provision of promotive and preventative services by PCPs.

Results: The results showed that 91.8% of PCPs did perform promotive and preventative services in their practice site. PCPs who did not carry out promotive and preventative services demonstrate perceptions, beliefs and motivations categorized as low and weak as well as attitudes that do not support the implementation of such services. Enabling factors of promotion and preventative services by PCPs, include among others, quality of facilities and infrastructure, the receipt of awards from BPJS and capitation systems that benefit physicians financially. Inhibiting factors include a low willingness of the patient to carry out doctor's advice, limitations in the PCPs work time and limited funds to perform preventative/promotive services.

Conclusions: Promotive and preventative services are not being optimally carried out by PCPs in Denpasar. This is due to the low willingness of the patients, the limited time of the doctor, and the limited allocated funds for promotive and preventative services and low capitation.
The role of communication contact in capitation implementation at public health centres in Denpasar
Authors: Purlimaningsih Ni Putu , Suarjana I  Ketut , Januraga Pande Putu
Published: April 2024

care is the contact between the provider and the recipient (communication contact). Targets set regarding communication contacts are often not achieved which in turn results in consequent cuts in the capitation rates received by the public health centres (PHCs). The purpose of this research is to understand the implementation, inhibiting and enabling factors of supporting communication contact in the era of National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN).

Methods: This study used a qualitative explorative design through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) with 22 informants consisting of heads of PHCs, PHCs staff, Head of Denpasar Health Office, Head of Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) Denpasar Branch and JKN members. This research was conducted at 11 PHCs in Denpasar City from April to July 2017. The informants were chosen purposively and the data were analysed thematically to explore aspects of implementation, the inhibiting and enabling factors of communication contact.

Results: Communication contacts can be assessed both inside and outside the PHCs buildings. The inhibiting factor of communication contact implementation related to difference in understanding of the concept of PHCs working area, the absence of a standard operational procedure (SOP) for communication contact, heavy workload of PHCs service providers, lack of optimal means of supporting application of pcare convoluted and confusing information from BPJS, and lack of understanding from JKN enrolees on the particulars of the administration and desire for speedy service. Supporting factors are the availability of media, training and orientation for the implementing staff and the feedback from BPJS to PHCs staff. Driving factors are the effective authority of the PHCs head, commitment and motivation from government agencies and cross-sectoral support.

Conclusions: Implementation of communication contact is influenced by both inhibiting and enabling factors, from the BPJS stakeholders and the members of the BPJS. Achieving the target of communication contact requires synergy of central government policy and BPJS managers.
The Relationship between Inpatient Expectations of Staff Responsiveness and Empathy with Inpatient Satisfaction at Wangaya District Hospital Denpasar
Authors: Wira Dwidyaniti , Suarjana I Ketut , Wijaya I Putu Ganda
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The evaluation of quality of service within inpatient and outpatient services is very critical to be done. This research aims to explore the relationship between inpatient expectations of the quality of nursing service and inpatient satisfaction, in the third-class ward Wangaya District General Hospital, Denpasar.

Methods: This research was a quantitative study using cross-sectional design. A sample of 111 were selected by simple random sampling. The data was analysed by using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.

Results: The analysis indicated that the level of actual satisfaction compared to inpatient expectations was as low as 45%. Perception of responsiveness with OR=2.404 (95%CI: 1.076–5.373) and perception of empathy with OR=2.594 (95%CI: 1.165-5.779) had a significant relationship with inpatient satisfaction.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the patient satisfaction rate is moderate and found to have significant correlation with perceptions of responsiveness and empathy.
The Relationship between Pharmaceutical Services and Satisfaction of Customers Accessing Pharmacy Services in Denpasar
Authors: Arimbawa Eka , Suarjana Ketut , Wijaya I Putu Ganda
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Pharmaceutical care has been shifted from product or drug oriented paradigm into patient oriented to ensure that every customer will be able get the most effective medication. This research aims to explore the relationship between pharmaceutical services and satisfaction of customers accessing the pharmacy services in Denpasar.

Methods: This research was analytic study using cross sectional design. The samples consisted of 116 customers taken from 20 pharmacies at Denpasar. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data was analyzed using logistic regression.

Results: The analysis indicated that the level of customer satisfaction was 46.55%. There was a significant relationship between aspects of pharmaceutical services like pharmacy appearance (OR=12.819, 95%CI: 2.791-58.870), drug information services (OR=16.157, 95%CI: 3.279-79.620), the availability of drugs (OR=6.811, 95%CI: 1.571-29.460), and speed of service (OR=43.432, 95%CI: 7.197-262.095) with satisfaction levels of customers accessing the pharmacyservices.  

Conclusion: It is recommended that there is an upgrade of facilities in order to enhance customer satisfaction including an increase in staff numbers attending to customers that are able to provide adequate information so as to optimize service provision.
Risk Factors of Pulmonary Smear Positive Tuberculosis Incidence in Dili District Timor Leste 2014
Authors: Guterres Jacinta dos Santos , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: April 2024

Background and objectives: According to the WHO, the pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Timor-Leste is estimated to have the highest mortality rate in the region which is 45 per 100,000 populations. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Dili District.

Methods: The study design was a case-control. Cases were patients with positive BTA pulmonary tuberculosis, and controls were non TB patients registered at two TB clinics (Motael and Bairro-Pite) and the three public health centers (Comoro, Formosa and Becora) in Dili, July 2013 - February 2014. Numbers of samples were 138 people consisting of 46 cases and 92 controls (1:2). Risk factors studied were smoking habits, contact with patients, nutritional status, family income, population density, sun lighting, ventilation and the use of firewood for cooking. Data were collected through interviews, observation and measurement. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine the similarity between cases and controls and to calculate the crude OR. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was performed to determine adjusted risk factors that contribute to the increasing TB patients.

Results: There were no significant differences between cases and control groups in age, gender, education and occupation (p>0.05). Bivariate analysis showed that the risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis were the contact with patients (OR=2.809; 95%CI: 1.337-5.900), nutritional status (OR=2.380; 95%CI: 1.096-5.169), the sun lighting (OR=8.090; 95%CI: 3.468-18.872) and ventilation (OR=6.141; 95%CI: 2.709-13.924). Multivariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors were the contact with patients (OR=3.428; 95%CI: 1.455-8.075) and exposure to sunlight (OR=4.601; 95% CI: 1.336-15.845).

Conclusion: The contact with patients and the exposure to sunlight were the risk factors for pulmonary TB of positive BTA at the Dili District of Timor Leste.
Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among males in The Manggis Area, Karangasem, Bali
Authors: Adhi I Gusti Ayu Mirah , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu , Weta I Wayan , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health problem worldwide. Local alcohol consumption is one of Balinese’s traditions considered to be associated with the high incidence of DM. This study aims to determine the pattern of alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 DM in Manggis Subdistrict, Karangasem, Bali.
Methods: A case control study was conducted in 55 men with type 2 DM as cases and 55 non-diabetic men as controls. Non-diabetic men were defined with fasting glucose level (GDP) <100 mg/dl and without clinical symptoms of DM. Cases were recruited from the patient’s register at the public health centre (PHC) in Manggis Sub-District and controls were recruited from similar neighborhood with the cases and matched by age. Data were collected over May-July 2017 by households’ interview using structured questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was employed using logistic regression to identify the risk factors of type 2 DM.
Results: The characteristics of cases and controls were similar in terms of age, education and physical activity, but there was a significant difference in employment. Multivariate analysis showed that heavy alcohol consumption (AOR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.46-42.28), frequent consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks (AOR=3.45; 95% CI: 1.16-10.22), history of obesity (AOR=8.82; 95% CI: 2.43-32.01), employed (AOR=5.98; 95%CI: 1.89-18.93) and frequent consumption of sweetened beverages (AOR=39,57; 95%CI: 4.00-391,8) were significantly associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. No significant association was found between the duration of alcohol consumption and the incidence of type 2 DM.
Conclusions: Alcohol consumption, a history of obesity, consumption of high sugar alcohol drinks, retirement/unemployment and consumption of sweetened beverages are associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. Education regarding those risk factors should be enhanced to reduce the incidence of type 2 DM.
The determinants of early breast cancer detection via breast self-examination (BSE) in Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Febriyanti Ni Made Ari , Lubis Dinar , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu , Karmaya Mangku
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in females, followed by colorectal cancer. Early detection of breast cancer can be done through breast self-examination (BSE). BSE behaviour is influenced by an individual’s level of knowledge and perceptions of the procedure. This study examines the determinants of BSE behaviour in married women aged 15-49 in six villages in the working area of Puskesmas (public health centre) II in West Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was employed with 180 respondents selected by multistage random sampling. Data were collected using standardised questionnaire carried out from November-December 2016. Multiple poisson regression was used to identify the determinants of the BSE behaviours.
Results: The proportion of respondents who performed BSE in the three months prior to interview is 55.6%, and, of these, 50.0% reported performing BSE regularly. Multivariate analysis shows the significant determinants of BSE are: high-school and above (APR=2.03; 95%CI:1.41 to 2.92); having a good knowledge of BSE (APR=1.41; 95%CI:1.09 to 1.82); perceived benefits (APR=2, 24; 95%CI:1.53-3.29); perceived low barrier (APR=1.63; 95%CI: 1.16-2.29); and high self-efficacy (APR=1.50;95%CI:1.16-1.95).
Conclusions: Level of education, good knowledge of BSE, perceived benefits, perceived low barriers, and high level of self-efficacy are the significant determinants of BSE practice. These findings suggest that education on BSE should be enhanced, particularly for women with lower levels of education.
Factors affecting the use of electronic cigarettes in Udayana University students
Authors: Pitriyanti Luh , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Wirawan I Made Ady , Kurniati Desak Putu Yuli
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been marketable since 2003 and first became for sale in Indonesia in 2010. Users tend to be predominately young people. The purpose of this study is to determine the proportion, characteristics and factors that influence the use of e-cigarettes among university students.
Methods: This study used a cross sectional survey with 351 undergraduate students from a variety of study programs at Udayana University. Students were selected by multistage random sampling. In the first step, 10 out of 47 study programs at Udayana University were chosen randomly. Students who responded by filling out online questionnaires were included in this study. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires with the Survey Monkey Application. Analysis with logistic regression was applied to determine the factors influencing e-cigarettes use.
Results: The proportion of university students who used tobacco cigarettes was 14.53%. The number of respondents who reported had ever used e-cigarettes was 61 (17.38%, 95%CI: 13.46%-21.3%) and 25 of them (40.98%) were current smokers. As many as 88.52% of respondents who had ever used e-cigarettes were male and 11.48% were female. Students who had ever used e-cigarettes in the campus area were 22 (36.07%). The reasons of using e-cigarettes included a desire to stop using tobacco cigarettes (29.51%), the fact that e-cigarettes are considered safer (26.23%), are considered “cool” (22.95%) and other reasons (26.23%). Multivariate analysis showed that the variables found to be associated with the use of e-cigarettes were gender (AOR=14.72; 95%CI: 4.34-49.87), a history of smoking tobacco cigarettes (AOR=42.16; 95%CI: 13.56-131.08), a history of consuming alcoholic beverages (AOR=5.72; 95%CI: 2.04-16.04) and coming from a smoking household (AOR=3.87; 95%CI: 1.33-11.21).
Conclusion: The proportion of university students who had ever used e-cigarettes was found to be higher than tobacco cigarettes users. In addition, use was found to be greater among male students than females. Influencing factors associated with the use of e-cigarettes are gender, a history of tobacco smoking, a history of consuming alcoholic beverages and coming from a smoking household. There is a need for prevention efforts including education and regulations to reduce the use of e-cigarettes among students as well as community in general.
Relationship between maternal perception and full immunization coverage among children aged 1-3 years in Kalibagor Village, Situbondo District
Authors: Nurhasanah Ifa , Kurniati Desak Putu Yuli , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Full immunization coverage in Indonesia and East Java Province is reported to remain below the target of Universal Child Immunization. The purpose of the study was to determine the association between maternal perception and full immunization coverage among children aged 1-3 years.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with mothers who had children under 3 years in Kalibagor Village, Situbondo District, East Java Province. A total of 116 respondents were selected using systematic random sampling from 133 mothers of children aged 1-3 years. Listing of all mothers was conducted through home visits one month before data collection. Data collection was conducted by interview at respondents' house in October-May 2018. Data collected included sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge on immunization, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, information on immunization, and support from community leader, health provider and peer. Data analysis with logistic regression was conducted to determine the relationship between maternal perception with full immunization coverage.
Results: This study showed that 79.3% of respondents reported to have provided full immunization to their children. The results of multivariate analysis showed that full immunization was related to the mother's perception on the benefits of immunization (AOR=59.75; 95%CI: 4.60-775.86), self-efficacy (AOR=6.25; 95%CI: 1.84-21.35) and knowledge on immunization (AOR=7.77; 95%CI: 1.92-31.49).
Conclusion: Maternal perceptions on immunization’s benefits, selfefficacy and knowledge are related to the full immunization coverage in children. Education about the benefits of immunization needs to be prioritized in an effort to increase full immunization coverage in children.
Anemia as a risk factor of postpartum hemorrhage at dr. R. Soedjono Hospital, Selong, East Lombok
Authors: Ernawati  , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Budiana Nyoman Gede , Ani Luh Seri
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Globally, maternal mortality rate due to labor complications remains high, with postpartum hemorrhage as the most common cause. Studies on the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage have been widely published, however, its association with maternal anemia is inconsistent. This study aims to explore anemia as a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage.
Methods: A case control study was carried out with 69 women who experienced postpartum hemorrhage as cases and 207 women who had given birth but did not experience hemorrhage as controls. Cases and controls were taken from medical records at the dr. R. Soedjono Hospital, Selong, East Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara. Cases were selected by systematic random sampling from 147 mothers who experienced postpartum hemorrhage during 2017. Controls were selected in the same way from 2,855 mothers who did not experience postpartum hemorrhage. Cases and controls were matched for birth weight of infants and maternal employment. Data were obtained by medical record extraction in May 2018 consisting of information on hemoglobin concentration, parity, age at pregnancy, birthing method, gestational age, birth spacing and length of labor. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of anemia.
Results: Characteristics of cases and controls were found to be similar in terms of infant birth weight, maternal occupation, parity, gestational age and length of delivery but statistically different by maternal age at pregnancy and birth spacing. Analysis with logistic regression showed that anemia during pregnancy with hemoglobin concentration ≤10 gr/dL was a significant risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage with AOR=16.32 (95%CI: 7.69-34.64). Delivery through caesarean section (SC) or oxytocin drip was also found to significantly reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (AOR=0.03; 95%CI: 0.01-0.13).
Conclusion: Anemia during pregnancy with hemoglobin concentration ≤10 gr/dL was found to be a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. Prevention and control of anemia in pregnant women need to be enhanced to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
Switching of primary health care providers among self-paid health insurance participants in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Wasita Rai Riska Resty , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri , Januraga Pande Putu
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The number of National Health Insurance (NHI) participants switching their primary healthcare (PHC) providers is increasing and dominated by self-paid participants. This switching could result in unequal distribution of NHI participants and amount of capitation among PHC providers. This study aims to explore the reasons underlying self-paid NHI participants to switch PHC providers.
Methods: This is a qualitative study using in-depth interviews with a total of 14 informants recruited purposively, consisted of ten NHI selfpaid participants who had switched and four participants who intend to switch PHC providers. Informants were recruited by approaching NHI participants at BPJS counters and inviting participants through social media. Semi-structured interview guide incorporated the aspects of Consumer Switching Behavior Model. The interviews explored four aspects of participants’ intention to switch providers including inconvenience, service encounter failures, core health service failures, and attraction by competitor. The verbatim transcripts were analyzed thematically.
Results: Self-paid NHI participants in this study cited four main reasons for switching PHC providers. The first reason is inconvenience in accessing PHC provider’s services due to long distance, long waiting times, unsuitable opening hours, and poor facilities. Secondly, patients cited the poor interaction between healthcare providers and patients specifically, lack of attentiveness, poor eye contact, poor delivery of health information, lack of consideration of patients’ opinions, and lack of responsiveness to patients’ complaints. The third reason is core healthcare service failures, including hasty examinations, inaccurate diagnoses, and errors in prescribing medication. Finally, informants reported that they wished to switch PHC providers due to the attractiveness of other providers, in terms of facilities availability, professionalism of healthcare providers, additional health programs, and ease of access to referral healthcare facilities.
Conclusion: Self-paid NHI participants’ intention to switch PHC providers was mainly attributed to the perceived poor healthcare quality of the provider and superiority of the others. Continuous quality improvement should be undertaken by PHC providers to increase participants’ loyalty.
A study on the impact of digital financial inclusion on inclusive growth in China: The mediating effect of innovation
Authors: Wang Qian , Yu Han-Hsing
Published: April 2024

This study empirically explores the impact, regional variations and transmission mechanisms of digital financial inclusion on inclusive growth. A provincial panel dataset encompassing 31 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021 was collected from the wind database, the China statistical yearbook and the China regional financial operation report to analyze the relationship between digital financial inclusion and inclusive growth by using individual fixed effects and mediating effects. This study reveals that digital financial inclusion significantly influences the growth of China’s east, central, west regions and economic growth, income distribution and opportunity equality. Moreover, digital financial inclusion can enhance inclusive growth through the transmission mechanism of innovation. Developing digital financial inclusion, comprising coverage breadth, usage depth and digital level will promote the level of inclusive growth in China. Meanwhile, the increasing level of innovation, especially the number of invention patents can support digital financial inclusion by fostering inclusive growth. The study focuses on Chinese provinces and reliance on a specific timeframe (from 2011 to 2021) might limit the generalizability of the findings. The implications for broader economic contexts need further exploration. Accelerating progress towards inclusive growth can be achieved by fostering the development of digital financial inclusion and elevating the level of innovation. This study contributes by highlighting the positive relationship between digital financial inclusion, regional disparities and its impact on inclusive growth, emphasizing the role of innovation in this relationship  and suggesting policy directions for achieving inclusive growth.
Games educacionais transmidiáticos e sustentáveis
Authors: Canut Alexandre , Soares Marcos Gabriel Nascimento , Menezes Erick Santos
Published: April 2024

No contexto atual da educação, a presença dos nativos digitais desafia as práticas tradicionais de ensino, evidenciando a necessidade de integrar tecnologias ativas e artes digitais, realidades imersivas e interativas. Os jogos educacionais têm se destacado como uma abordagem eficaz para tornar o processo de aprendizagem mais dinâmico e envolvente, enquanto a realidade aumentada oferece oportunidades únicas para enriquecer a experiência educacional, assim complementando a metodologia de ensino. A pesquisa busca compreender como os jogos transmidiáticos podem ser integrados de forma eficaz ao ambiente educacional, visando promover uma aprendizagem mais engajadora e significativa e disruptiva. A hipótese é que essa integração pode criar um ecossistema de produção massiva de jogos educacionais liderado por nativos digitais, impulsionando um ciclo virtuoso de inovação e aprendizado na educação e uma nova atmosfera para as escolas das novas gerações. A pesquisa está estruturada em três blocos principais: Artes Digitais na Educação, Jogos na Educação e Metodologia. Cada bloco visa explorar e analisar diferentes aspectos relacionados à integração dos jogos transmidiáticos na educação, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de diretrizes e recomendações para sua implementação bem-sucedida. Nesse sentido, uma compreensão aprofundada das potencialidades dessas tecnologias e sua aplicação no contexto educacional é essencial para capacitar educadores e promover uma abordagem mais inclusiva e eficaz no ensino em toda sua cadeia de transmissão de conhecimento . A pesquisa também almeja identificar desafios e obstáculos que possam surgir durante a implementação dessas práticas inovadoras e criativas, oferecendo insights valiosos para aprimorar políticas educacionais e práticas pedagógicas e gamificação de qualidade.
Traço de personalidade da pessoa com Inteligência DWRI
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiano de Abreu Agrela , Kamimura Hitty-Ko , Wagner Roselene Espírito Santo , Nascimento Flávio Henrique dos Santos
Published: April 2024

Este estudo apresentado pretende investigar a relação entre o alto Quociente de Inteligência (QI), o perfeccionismo adaptativo e desadaptativo, e a teoria da Inteligência DWRI (Desenvolvimento de Amplas Regiões de Interferência Intelectual). O foco é nas características comportamentais e de personalidade em indivíduos com alto QI, especialmente na prevalência e implicações do perfeccionismo. O objetivo central deste trabalho é compreender as diferenças entre o perfeccionismo adaptativo e desadaptativo e como estes influenciam o desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional. Os resultados revelam uma correlação significativa entre um alto QI e o perfeccionismo adaptativo, especialmente em indivíduos DWRI. Isso sugere uma propensão a traços de personalidade positivos que favorecem o alto desempenho. A compreensão dessas nuances é crucial para entender a dinâmica de personalidade em pessoas com alto QI. Além disso, o estudo oferece pontos de vista valiosos sobre estratégias para promover o desenvolvimento e o bem-estar desses indivíduos. Isso pode incluir intervenções para ajudar a canalizar o perfeccionismo de forma construtiva, promovendo uma mentalidade de crescimento e reduzindo os aspectos desadaptativos que podem levar ao estresse e à ansiedade. Ao explorar esses temas, este estudo contribui significativamente para o campo, fornecendo uma compreensão mais profunda das complexidades da personalidade em pessoas com alto QI. Essas descobertas têm implicações importantes não apenas para a teoria psicológica, mas também para a prática clínica e educacional, informando abordagens mais eficazes para o suporte e desenvolvimento desses indivíduos excepcionais que muitas vezes se sentem incompreendidos ou não têm a verdadeira noção da natureza e abrangência da sua inteligência.
Gestão de pessoas e educação ambiental como pressupostos ao desenvolvimento empresarial e social
Authors: Alves Rodrigo Antonio Rodrigues , Rodrigues Domingos Benedetti , Mera Claudia Maria Prudêncio de , Peranzoni Vaneza Cauduro , Silva Daniela da , Menezes Luana Possamai , Agnolin Fernanda Marques Milesi , Silva Joice Nara Rosa , Palmeiro Paolo Gomes , Herter Cátia da Silva
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo aborda a gestão de pessoas e a educação ambiental, como sendo pressupostos ao desenvolvimento empresarial e social. Justifica-se a importância da temática, pois as questões de meio ambiente pouco tem sido objeto da formação e qualificação dos gestores de pessoas das organizações empresariais e sociais da atualidade. Pela necessidade urgente do desenvolvimento sustentável e pelas determinações legais internacionais e brasileiras, a educação ambiental passa a ser parte integrante na formação dos gestores de pessoas. O objetivo geral é demonstrar que a gestão de pessoas sob o enfoque da educação ambiental, se constitui em pressupostos contemporâneos favoráveis ao desenvolvimento empresarial e social e a emancipação humana. A metodologia empregada para a realização da pesquisa, consiste no método dedutivo e no método auxiliar histórico. Quanto a sua natureza, ela é descritiva e bibliográfica e quanto as suas técnicas, é qualitativa e teórica.  Administração de recursos humanos, no Brasil, precisa evoluir de acordo com fatos políticos, econômicos e sociais de cada época. A gestão estratégica de pessoas na atualidade, principalmente em decorrência do desenvolvimento das organizações e de um maior nível de complexidade do mercado de trabalho, necessita a inclusão das questões de meio ambiente, que envolve as organizações, a qual passou a exigir um contínuo processo de formação dos gestores de pessoas numa visão de emancipação profissional. Para tanto, o processo de formação-emancipação do gestor de pessoas, das pessoas e dos consumidores/cidadãos, deve ser permanente e de acordo com as novas demandas ambientais, direitos e obrigações que vão surgindo, para que a sociedade possa desenvolver-se de forma sustentável e duradoura a partir do seu lugar.
Pig Slaughter Operators’ Perception of Stunning Benefits: A Comparative Analysis of Electrical and Captive Bolt Effectiveness
Authors: Suardana I Wayan , Suciada Putu Devindia Trisha , Mufa Romy Muhammad Dary
Published: April 2024

The pre-slaughter phase, which includes stunning, aims to reduce animal stress, ensuring a more compassionate and efficient process in the meat industry. Various methods are often used in slaughtering pigs, with electrical, mechanical, and chemical stunning being the most common techniques. Several studies have shown that selecting the appropriate method requires operators to comprehensively understand the slaughter process. Therefore, this study focused on evaluating the comprehension of pig slaughter operators regarding the benefits and effectiveness of electrical and captive bolt stunning methods. A total of 17 pigs slaughtered from seven slaughterhouses were selected as samples. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation. The results showed that operators clearly understood the benefits of stunning in terms of speed and ease. However, their comprehension regarding pig stress reduction before death remained limited. Although captive bolt stunning was known to have various benefits, such as shortening the duration of leg movements after slaughter, it required longer operation time, compared to the electrical method. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no ideal stunning method as both methods of electrical and captive bolt stunning have their respective advantages and disadvantages.
The Effects of Different Concentrations of Vitamin D3 on Immunological Parameters of Immunosuppressed Rats Induced
Authors: Kmosh Safa Masser , Al-Naely Ahmed J.
Published: April 2024

Vitamin D3 receptor is expressed in several types of immune cells suggesting that Vitamin D3 could have immune regulatory roles. The current study was conducted to investigate the role of Vitamin D3 in reducing the toxicity of the cisplatin on some Immunological parameters in the rat model. The current experiment was conducted on 80 adult white male rats within the age range of 9-12 weeks. The animals were divided into eight groups (10 animals in each group). The control group was dosed with the physiological solution until the end of experiment (C). Rats in the second treatment were injected with cisplatin (2 mg/kg, T1). Rats in the third (T2), fourth (T3), and fifth (T4) groups were injected with cisplatin at a concentration (2 mg/kg) and received Vitamin D3 at levels of 5000 IU, 10,000 IU, and 15,000 IU, respectively. The rats in the sixth (T5), seventh (T6), and eighth (T7) groups were subjected to Vitamin D3 at concentrations of 5000 IU,10,000 IU, and 15,000 IU, respectively. At the end of the experiment, which lasted 21 days, the animals were anesthetized, their weights were recorded, and blood samples were collected. The findings revealed a significant elevation in the levels of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, lymphocyte percentage, monocyte percentage, and eosinophil percentage within group T1 compared to the control and other treatment groups that received Vitamin D3. The average percentage of white blood cells and neutrophils in group T1 was significantly lesser than other groups. It can be concluded that supplementation of different Vitamin D3 levels (5000-10,000 IU) have positive influences on the immunological parameters of immunosuppressed rats.
Constraints to the Development of Turkey Farming in Southern Benin
Authors: Dotché Ignace Ogoudanan , Agbokounou Aristide , Baba Loukyatou Issimouha , Adebo Nasser , Okambawa Lionel , Koffi Monique , Karim Issaka Youssao Abdou
Published: April 2024

The turkeys are reared throughout the national territory of Benin, but their breeding is less developed than other poultry species, such as chickens and ducks. The current study aimed to characterize turkey farming in Southern Benin to identify the constraints associated with the farming practice that limit its development. A survey was performed in 104 turkey farms in the Atlantic, Ouémé, and Zou departments. The frequencies of qualitative variables and average quantitative variables were calculated and compared across departments. The investigated variables included turkey housing, feeding practices, reproduction management, health management, difficulties encountered, marketing of animals, and farm products. It was found that the housing, feeding, health monitoring, and constraints varied from one department to another. The turkeys were raised in fence-run buildings in the Ouémé (76.7%), modern poultry houses in the Atlantic (75%), and traditional habitats (42.9%) with a free range in the Zou. The free range prevented farmers from separating the turkeys from other poultry species. The poultry species present with turkeys on studied farms were chickens, ducks, and guinea fowl. The turkeys were fed more with commercial feed in the Atlantic (100%) and Ouémé (92.7%) regions and with cereals and agricultural by-products in Zou (82.1%). The prophylaxis consisted of deworming the birds, vaccinating them against Newcastle disease, controlling bacterial infections with antibiotics, and giving them vitamins in drinking water. The farmers vaccinated more turkeys in Zou than in Atlantic and Ouémé. The vaccination and administration of antibiotics do not prevent the introduction of disease into farms due to poor farm biosecurity, resulting in animal deaths. In conclusion, this study identified the obstacles that limit the development of turkey farming by region in Southern Benin. These barriers are primarily related to housing, feeding, mating, and marketing. Scientific research could potentially solve some of these issues, notably those concerning feeding and mating success. However, housing and marketing concerns would necessitate support from the authorities. Keywords: Constraint, Feeding, Prophylaxis, Turkey
Molecular Detection of Entamoeba spp. in Monkeys (Macaca spp.) in Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Abdul abbas Zaman Turkey , Anah Sadiya Aziz
Published: April 2024

Amoebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), affecting various hosts, such as humans, birds, and pigs. This study aimed to investigate Entamoeba spp. in monkeys (Macaca spp.) diagnose them using molecular methods. A total of 33 fecal samples were collected from monkeys (Macaca spp.) aged 3-5 years in Babylon province to investigate a common and zoonotic parasitic disease. Initially, microscopic examination was conducted on all samples, and those yielding positive results were preserved for molecular study. The DNA was extracted, and conventional PCR was carried out with a pair of primers to detect the 857 bp fragment of E. histolytica SSU rRNA gene. PCR results for 19 fecal samples, previously identified as positive by the direct smear method, from monkeys in the reserves of Babylon province indicated that the presence of the SSUrRNA gene with an 857 bp was 45% in only 15 samples. Sequencing of the SSUrRNA gene revealed 98-100% similarity with E.histolytica sequences deposited in International GenBank, which have the sequence numbers OP522013, OP522014, OP522015, OP522016, OP522017, Op626161, Op626162, Op626163, Op626164, and Op626165. Keywords: Entamoeba histolytica, Gene, Monkey, SSU rRNA
Evaluation of Wage-Inflation Association: Evidence form Uzbekistan
Authors:   Department of Macroeconomic Analyze and Forecasting, Tashkent State University of Economics, Islam Karimov street, 49. Tashkent city, Uzbekistan, Bakhriddinov Bakhriddinov
Published: April 2024

Wage inflation is often a non-monetary phenomenon that has two basic explanations. First, inflation results from the government's stimulation of demand through an increase in official salaries. Second, when the labor market's demand for workers rises, wages rise as well, raising the cost of manufacturing and resulting in cost-push inflation. In developing economies, this process typically manifests itself in two ways at once. Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate experimentally how pay increases affect inflation in Uzbekistan. We use a basic OLS model to examine the association between these variables. The findings indicate that wages and inflation in Uzbekistan have a somewhat favorable association. We have concluded that it is reasonable to indexation of official pay to the price level and implement an efficient supply policy in order to lessen the detrimental impact of wages on inflation.
The Impact of Social Anxiety on the Teamwork Behaviors in Adolescence
Authors: Shi Bohan
Published: April 2024

Research Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders in adolescence, which can essentially limit the effectiveness of social events that can help facilitate peer relationships. This study aims to investigate the effects of social anxiety on between-adolescent relationships, with a particular focus on teamwork behaviors. Methods: The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and the Teamwork Attitude Questionnaire (T-TAQ) were conducted among 45 participants. Results: Our analysis showed no significant correlation between the level of social phobia and teamwork behaviors. Conclusions: We conclude that there is a correlation between social phobia and teamwork performance, while without statistical significance. Future work could improve sample size and optimize T-TAQ to increase the credibility of the present research.
The Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elders in Chongqing, China
Authors: Li Yanlin , Lyu Jie
Published: April 2024

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a window to detect dementia, and to screen MCI, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is commonly used. This work investigated the prevalence of MCI in Chongqing elderlies by using MoCA as a tool. One hundred fourteen valid data from older adults ( 55 years, 51.75% males) were recruited for this research. Twelve demographic information were collected, and each participant did one of the two versions of MoCA tests (Beijing 7.1, and the optimized version). They were developed based on the Beijing 7.1 version, and four test sections were optimized to adapt to the native speaking and cultural background. Five risky demographic factors were found. The incidence of MCI detected by the optimized MoCA version was lowered to 83.3% compared to 94.4% in the original version, and the naming section was significantly improved. The significant decrease in the overall prevalence indicates that the optimization of the MoCA has, to some extent, made it more suitable for Chongqing elders. Accordingly, we suggest further professional and detailed improvements to MoCA.