bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LINKING CRIME AND MORALITY: Reviewing the Moral Regeneration Movement
Authors: Rauch Janine
Published: April 2016

Politicians, religious leaders and social commentators have all spoken about a breakdown in morality in South Africa, with crime as the most commonly cited evidence. The moral regeneration initiative is one response to this crisis, emerging in parallel to countless other initiatives aimed at reducing crime, some of which have themselves contained explicit appeals to morals, values or ethics. A review of its origins and development shows that the moral regeneration initiative has suffered from a lack of clarity about both its mission and its strategy. The movement’s attempts to build meaningful civil society participation in the campaign have also been a key challenge.
POLICING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: The enthusiasm gap
Authors: Altbeker Antony
Published: April 2016

Those monitoring the Domestic Violence Act generally conclude that it is poorly understood and badly implemented by officials in the criminal justice system. But a project aimed at understanding how ordinary cops police South Africa’s streets concludes that part of the problem with this conclusion is a failure to grasp the real limitations – legal, logistical and emotional – under which policing operates. These limitations, combined with the sheer volume of cases, affect the way in which ordinary officers handle these incidents.
PROVIDING A SENSE OF JUSTICE: Informal mechanisms for dealing with domestic violence
Authors: Moult Kelley
Published: April 2016

Informal justice structures are used by many women for dealing with domestic violence. Their services more closely meet the needs of women than the criminal justice system, in terms of the immediacy with which they resolve problems, their focus on mediation and resolution rather than arrest and punishment, and their affordability. For resolving domestic conflicts, alternative justice mechanisms seem to have much more legitimacy for those involved than the formal justice process.
YOUNG GUNS: Children in organised armed violence
Authors: Frank Cheryl
Published: April 2016

The problem of gangs is not new to South Africa. This is one of the reasons that Cape Town has been included in an innovative international study that has identified the phenomenon of ‘children in organised armed violence’. Given the youthfulness of South Africa’s population, as well as levels of poverty and unemployment, the risk factors for children’s involvement in armed gangs as recorded by the international study should serve as an early warning to us.
GETTING INTO THE CITY BEAT: Challenges facing our metro police
Authors: Newham Gareth
Published: April 2016

It has been a little over five years since metropolitan police departments were first established in South Africa. Despite relatively small numbers of operational personnel, they now form a familiar part of the policing landscape. With good reason, metro police officers do better at traffic control than crime prevention, and their relationship with the SAPS needs attention. This article reflects on their achievements over the past years and some of the key challenges confronting these local level police agencies.
ABUSE OF A DIFFERENT KIND: Adults using children to commit crime
Authors: Frank Cheryl
Published: April 2016

In terms of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention 182 of 1999, adults using children to commit criminal offences is considered to be one of the worst forms of child labour. Through an ILO and Department of Labour programme focusing on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in South Africa, a study was undertaken to explore this issue, and engaged 541 children in consultation. The results of the study are discussed, and the value that such studies hold for crime analysis is briefly considered.
WILL THE SCORPION STILL STING? The future of the Directorate of Special Operations
Authors: Mashele Prince
Published: April 2016

Following the politico-legal row that has engulfed the National Prosecuting Authority’s Directorate of Special Operations (otherwise known as the Scorpions), President Mbeki appointed Judge Sisi Khampepe on 1 April 2005 to head a commission of enquiry (known as the Khampepe Commission) to review the mandate and location of the DSO and make recommendations. On receipt of the Commission’s recommendations, the President, in consultation with Cabinet, has made a decision on the future of the Scorpions. This article analyses the implications of the decision and raises critical questions related to the past and the future.
TACKLING CRIME AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL: The Gauteng Safety Strategy: 2006–2014
Authors: Gauteng Office of the Gauteng MEC for Community
Published: April 2016

As in the case of Operation Iron Fist, reviewed in the previous article in this issue, the Gauteng Department of Community Safety has been at the forefront of innovative ways to improve safety in the province. This article briefly summarises the Gauteng provincial government’s Safety Strategy, adopted by the Provincial Executive in August 2006, and which will be publicly launched on 30 March 2007. The strategy is both comprehensive and ambitious, and as the first to provide a strategic framework for tackling violent and serious crime at the provincial level, will no doubt provide important lessons for other provinces to learn from.
REACHING A VERDICT: The impact of minimum sentencing
Authors: Redpath Jean , O’Donovan Michael
Published: April 2016

The so-called ‘temporary’ minimum sentencing legislation introduced into South African law in 1998 is still in place. The legislation was passed largely in response to high crime rates at the time and the perceived leniency of the courts, and prescribes minimum sentences ranging from five years’ to life imprisonment for a variety of offences (including murder and rape and a range of other crimes, some of which are non-violent). Given the current furore over crime, it is highly likely that in April this year the legislation will be renewed for another year. But what has the impact of the legislation been and what legislative changes should be considered?
JOINING FORCES AGAINST CRIME: Potential for the private security industry to become proactive
Authors: Goodenough Cheryl
Published: April 2016

The extent to which the private security industry has a role in proactive policing is an issue that is receiving increasing attention. At present the industry performs reactive functions in relation to crime; these may include armed response, transporting cash and conducting investigations. This article reflects the debate and considers some of the issues that would need to be addressed if the industry were to be more proactive in combating crime.
IN WHOSE INTEREST? Police unions and the 2006 restructuring of the SAPS
Authors: Omar Bilkis
Published: April 2016

Police unions have an obligation to represent their members’ interests against the employer, especially when the employer is proposing major structural changes. When the changes do not accord with what has been agreed upon, and when there appears to be mistrust, a breakdown in communication is imminent. Ultimately, while police members may suffer as a result of this breakdown, the general public has to bear the brunt of the poor policing that is the inevitable consequence of disquiet and disorder in the organisation.
IMPLEMENTING THE UNFEASIBLE: Compulsory HIV testing for alleged sexual offenders
Authors: Roehrs Stefanie
Published: April 2016

Since being approved by both the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces, it seems likely that the provisions on compulsory HIV testing of alleged sexual offenders will soon be enacted as part of the new Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Bill. Whereas an earlier article (see SA Crime Quarterly 20, 2007), questioned the constitutionality of the provisions, this commentary focuses on the implementation challenges of compulsory HIV testing. Despite good intentions, these provisions will not actually be useful for rape complainants. Instead, the potential exists that rape complainants will be endangered and criminalised. Another concern is the feasibility of compulsory HIV testing, which will place an overwhelming burden on the police, who have neither the resources nor the training to provide such services.
BRING THEM INTO LINE: Managing corruption in SAPS and metro police departments
Authors: Faull Andrew
Published: April 2016

Police corruption has become increasingly topical following the corruption charges levelled against the SAPS National Commissioner early this year. South Africa has a national police service as well as one municipal and five metropolitan police services. Public debate around the ‘police’ generally fails to distinguish between these independent organisations, and perceptions of police corruption negatively undermine the entire policing fraternity. Because of this, the various police agencies should consider working together on corruption. This article examines approaches to corruption in the national, metropolitan and municipal police services. Among others, important issues that need to be addressed are the disciplinary code within the metro police departments, the lack of investigative powers granted MPD officers, and the SAPS’s failure over the past seven years to effectively implement any relevant strategies.
PUTTING PAID TO THE UNTOUCHABLES? The effects of dissolving the Directorate of Special Operations and the Specialised Commercial Crime Units
Authors: Wannenburg Gail
Published: April 2016

When law enforcement agencies arrest abalone poachers on the Western Coast of South Africa, they may not be aware that the drying and processing of the delicacy takes place in Gauteng and that the buyers are organised crime networks in China. It will not be evident that the criminals use the profits (at about R1 400 per kilogram) to buy drugs for the local Southern African market. The syndicate or loose network of crime groups may have a distribution chain of dispensable individuals of different nationalities encompassing several countries, specialising in particular aspects of the trade and dealing in a wide variety of illegal goods. Indeed, the arrest of the poachers is unlikely to reveal that the profits are being used to barter for drugs and that a large number of illegal and apparently legal companies are being used to transfer money across the globe. Catching these kinds of transnational, cross-border, multi-ethnic and flexible criminal groups is difficult unless law enforcement agencies have a multi-faceted strategy, use the skills of a wide range of personnel and have the time and resources to investigate and prosecute them effectively. Traditional law enforcement is geared towards arresting the criminal ‘runners’ rather than the ‘kingpins’. The DSO and the SCCU acquired a reputation as the ‘untouchables’ – units that are admired, revered and feared – and it seems unlikely that their replacement will enjoy the same success and reputation.
Giving substance to political will: The role of the SAPS in destroying firearms
Authors: Coetzee Ben , Stott Noel
Published: April 2016

The South African government has consistently stated that peace and security in the Southern African region and on the African continent must remain a top priority. This progressive attitude toward regional security is evident in South Africa's approach to the control of small arms and light weapons at a national, regional and international level. This article examines the firearm destruction policies and processes of the South African Police Service (SAPS). It analyses the positive effects and the negative outcomes of the decision to decentralise firearm destruction to provincial level.
Punishment and deterrence: Don’t expect prisons to reduce crime
Authors: Muntingh Lukas
Published: April 2016

The belief is thoroughly entrenched that prisons fulfil the triple function of punishing offenders, making society safer by removing dangerous individuals, and deterring potential offenders from committing crime. The fact that hundreds of years of evidence suggests that prisons do none of these terribly well has not had any effect on our belief in the utility of this institution. In this article the author suggests that we hold on to these beliefs because they serve the interests of politicians, who can appease their electorate with the clear and simple solution prisons purport to provide; and the private sector, as prisons support their commercial interests in a number of ways. What is needed, the author argues, is deeper discussion and clearer thinking about the value and function of prison.
Prevention is better than cure: Promoting public service integrity
Authors: Webb Werner
Published: April 2016

The prevention of corruption is a common theme of the election manifestos of most political parties in the run-up to the general elections of 2009. This development is without doubt due to the many allegations of wrongdoing among officials within the ruling party and its senior appointments to the public service. The loss of public trust in the South African government and the public service has been the main consequence of these allegations. Internationally, governments have put corruption prevention on their agenda. Many remedies for unethical conduct have been proposed, including a free press, independent courts of law, scrupulous behaviour by political leaders, and government reform. It is then up to individual countries to decide what ‘mixture’ of remedies should be applied. This article argues that our efforts to enhance ethics and integrity would benefit more by promoting, for example, an ethical organisational culture in the criminal justice system than overly focusing our attempts on prosecuting allegedly corrupt politicalleaders.
Dictating the local balance of power: Election-related violence in South Africa
Authors: Bruce David
Published: April 2016

The 2009 South African national election has come and gone and was generally regarded as having been a great success. Voter turnout was high and the event took place, virtually without exception, in an orderly and calm manner. Despite this, there were numerous incidents of election-related violence in the build-up to the elections, and a few in the immediate aftermath. The 2009 election therefore cannot be described as having been violence free. That being the case, how should we understand election-related violence in South Africa? Is political violence during election periods here to stay, and is it something that we need to concern ourselves about in relation to future elections?
Need or greed? Corruption and integrity management in a Gauteng police station
Authors: Faull Andrew
Published: April 2016

The SAPS national strategic management has for a number of years pushed for the rollout of an internal anti-corruption strategy, and is at last making some headway. By examining the management of integrity and corruption at the Honeydew SAPS station, this article explores the extent to which this strategy and other integrity management tools are being applied at station level.
From stings to wings: Integrity management and the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigations
Authors: Faull Andrew , Mtsolongo Thoko
Published: April 2016

South Africa's new elite police unit, known as the Hawks, has been created in the midst of political change. Objectors have criticised its location in the SAPS, saying that the integrity of the unit, and its ability to conduct politically neutral investigations, may be compromised by its location. Legislation enabling the unit's formation provides for measures to test the integrity of its members. This legislation will need to be coupled with effective leadership characterised by integrity if the unit is to live up to and exceed the image and accomplishments of its predecessor, the Scorpions.
Dancing with the devil? Participatory action research with police in South Africa
Authors: Marks Monique
Published: April 2016

At the present moment, major changes are being proposed to the way that policing should be done in South Africa. These changes do not seem to be informed by any research agenda or by a long term strategic approach aimed at 'smarter policing'. This paper reflects on the possible partnerships that (academic) researchers and police could form with the shared objective of bring about change in police organisations. These collaborative research arrangements are undoubtedly difficult. Police and academic researchers continue to operate in silos and the two groups have distinctive institutional cultures, which are sometimes at odds with one another. However, as this paper tries to demonstrate, collaborative research is possible. This article is in many ways a personal reflection on my own research collaborations with the police using a participatory action research approach.
Worth their while? Pursuing a rape complaint through the criminal justice system
Authors: Vetten Lisa , Jewkes Rachel , Sigsworth Romi , Christofides Nicola , Loots Lizle , Dunseith Olivia
Published: April 2016

If the criminal justice system were to advertise itself to victims of sexual violence, would its tag line be L'Oreal's 'Because you're worth it'? Or would the Foundry Premium Cider comment on the building of a pyramid: 'Twelve years in the making and it still doesn't taste very good' be more apposite? Certainly, a lack of faith in, or fear of, legal processes, is one of the reasons why eight out of nine women who are raped do not report the matter to the police.This article explores the extent to which victims' lack of faith in legal processes is warranted and asks if laying a complaint is worth the effort.
Balancing law and tradition: The TCB and its relation to African systems of justice administration
Authors: Holomisa Phathekile
Published: April 2016

The African system of justice administration, as epitomised by traditional courts, is inclusive, democratic, open and welcoming to those who seek justice. In contrast to western value-inspired courts, which are intimidating, alienating, complicated, retributive, incarcerating and expensive, traditional courts seek to foster harmony, reconciliation, compensation to the aggrieved, easy and inexpensive access to justice, and the rehabilitation of the offender. It fosters a spirit of communalism, where the individual exists for the benefit of the greater community. Justice is fostered within the family, the clan, the neighbourhood, the village, the tribe and the nation. Traditional leadership is central to the organisation and governance of the community, from the lowest level to the highest. The Traditional Courts Bill, currently before the South African Parliament, needs to be redrafted to ensure that the African system of justice administration encapsulates all the values and features underpinning it. The jurisdiction of these courts will have to be extended to cover the whole of South Africa and be applicable to all citizens; in the same way as tenets of Roman Dutch law and English law are applied without discrimination.
After Glenister: The case for a new dedicated agency
Authors: Reeves Christopher
Published: April 2016

Last year, the Constitutional Court held that the state has an obligation to establish and maintain an independent anti-corruption entity and that the Directorate of Priority Crime Investigation (DPCI), which is located within the South African Police Service (SAPS), does not have an adequate degree of independence. A Bill has recently been introduced in the National Assembly to address the issues raised in the judgment. In accordance with the proposed amendments, the DPCI would remain part of the SAPS. This article argues that this is a mistake and that a wholly separate anti-corruption entity should be established. It also examines the legal and institutional framework required to establish an effective, specialised anti-corruption entity through a comparative analysis of other anti-corruption agencies.
Look before you leap: Hate crime legislation reconsidered
Authors: Dixon Bill , Gadd David
Published: April 2016

In this response to Duncan Breen and Juan Nel’s article on the need for legislation to enhance the sentences imposed on those convicted of hate crime, we draw on the international literature and our own research on racially motivated offending to argue that South Africa ought to adopt a more circumspect approach than the UK and the USA if it wishes to deal effectively with this kind of offending. We also warn that hate crime law brings with it some significant and undesirable unintended consequences for those it is meant to protect.
CASE NOTE: The automatic review of child offenders’ sentences
Authors: Skelton Ann
Published: April 2016

This case note considers the automatic review of child offenders’ cases. Adult offenders’ cases go on ‘review in the ordinary course’ in limited circumstances, but section 85 of the Child Justice Act aims to provide automatic review in a wider range of cases. The wording of section 85 and how it should be read with the Criminal Procedure Act has caused interpretational difficulties. Two cases have provided answers to certain questions: Do all cases regarding children under 16 years go on review? Do all cases regarding custodial sentences (that are not suspended) go on review, regardless of the experience of the magistrate, whether it was a regional court that issued the sentence, the length of the sentence and even if the child was legally represented? The courts have answered these in the affirmative. In reaching these conclusions, the courts have interpreted the law within the context of the Child Justice Act as a whole, and within the provisions of section 28 of the Constitution.
ON THE RECORD: with Olly Owen and Andrew Faull
Authors: Owen Olly , Faull Andrew
Published: April 2016

Olly Owen is a junior research fellow in the Department of International Development at the University of Oxford. In 2012 he completed his doctorate in Social and Cultural Anthropology at Oxford. This involved an ethnographic study of, and fieldwork with, the Nigerian Police Force. Andrew Faull is a doctoral research student at the Centre for Criminology, University of Oxford. His research also involves an ethnographic study of police, the South African Police Service. He completed nine months of fieldwork with the SAPS in April 2013. In this frank exchange Olly and Andrew discuss their observations relating to performance management in the respective agencies.
TALKING ABOUT RAPE – AND WHY IT MATTERS: Adjudicating rape in the Western Cape High Court
Authors: Moreland Stacy
Published: April 2016

This article asks the question: how do judges know what rape is and what it is not? The statutory definition contained in the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act1 (SORMA) guides courts in adjudicating rape cases, and as such the definition is theirs to interpret and implement. This article analyses a small selection of recent judgements of the Western Cape High Court2 (WCHC) for answers. The article begins by establishing why judgements are an important source for understanding what rape means in society at large; it then discusses the relationship between power, language, and the law. This is followed by specific analyses of cases that show how patriarchy still defines how judges express themselves about rape. It concludes by looking at the institutional factors that discourage judges from adopting new ways of talking about rape, and their constitutional mandate to do so.
Looking back: Insider views on the Judicial Inspectorate for Correctional Services
Authors: McGrath Chloë , Van der Spuy Elrena
Published: April 2016

The establishment of a constitutional democracy in South Africa necessitated widespread institutional reforms across state sectors. A key feature of such reforms was the emphasis on oversight and  accountability as illustrated in reform endeavours pursued in the South African Police Service, courts and prisons. One such oversight mechanism – the Judicial Inspectorate for Correctional Services (JICS) – is the subject of this article. Drawing on qualitative interviews with people closely involved with the JICS since 1998, this article presents ‘insider views’ regarding the JICS. We conclude with incumbents’ views on the effectiveness of the JICS.
Chief’s justice?: Mining, accountability and the law in the Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela Traditional Authority Area
Authors: Mnwana Sonwabile
Published: April 2016

Drawing on research conducted in the Bakgatla-ba-Kgafela traditional authority area in North West Province, this article explores how the expansion of platinum mining on communal land is generating resistance to a local chief. The point at issue is the chief’s refusal to account for the mining revenues and business transactions that his traditional authority manages on the community’s behalf. The article argues that the North West High Court’sinterpretation of customary law not only leaves the chief’s unaccountability unchecked but also endorses the punishment of village activists who call the chief to account. Hence it remains extremely difficult for ordinary rural residents to challenge the chief to account for vast mineral revenues that he controls on behalf of their communities. Consequently rural anti-corruption activists are losing faith in the justice system.
The chief is a chief through the people: Using Rule 7(1) to test the authority of a chief to litigate on behalf of his people
Authors: Wicomb Wilmien
Published: April 2016

This note discusses the judgement handed down by the North West High Court in Mafikeng in an interlocutory application in the matter of the Royal Bafokeng Nation (RNB) vs the Minister of Rural Development and Land Affairs and Others. The application was brought by several ‘sub’-communities under the jurisdiction of the RBN, challenging the latter’s authority to litigate on their behalf. This application relates to a growing tension between the political authority of traditional leaders and the fundamental right of their ‘subjects’ to speak for themselves. It may be argued that the judgement represents an important step beyond the established frame of this discussion in the North West courts, namely which representative traditional structure is the proper one, to a question as to the duty upon those structures to comply with customary requirements of broad consultation and consent. In the event, it demonstrates the potential substantive significance of a procedural formality such as regulated by Rule 7(1).
Calling for a comprehensive approach: Violence prevention and early childhood development
Authors: Phyfer Joanne , Wakefield Lorenzo
Published: April 2016

Violence and violent crime are significant social problems in South Africa. Yet currently these problems are only addressed as or after they occur, with the state and civil society missing valuable opportunities to prevent violence before it happens. This article focuses on the intersection between early childhood development services and primary violence prevention interventions. It encourages a developmental approach to violence prevention by promoting healthy physical and social development and preventing direct and indirect exposure to violence during early childhood. The article outlines the extent to which this approach is currently reflected in South Africa’s policy framework and proposes areas of intervention based on local and international literature.
South African inquiries into policing: 1910-2015
Authors: Kok Annie , Van der Spuy Elrena
Published: April 2016

This is a supplementary resource to SACQ 53, a special edition of the journal on commissions of inquiry into policing. The resource consists of an introductory overview of commissions of inquiry into policing, a tabular summary of South African inquries into policing between 2010 and 2015, and a poster. These resources will be of interest to students, teachers, researchers and policy makers.
Do Psychosocial Services Make the Starting Lineup? Providing Services to Student-Athletes
Authors: Moore Matt A
Published: April 2016

Participation in college athletics comes with inherent risks. Many of these risks relate to the psychosocial well-being of athletes. This study examined the availability of services that treat psychosocial needs. A web-based survey was used to gather information from both athletic directors (N = 132) and athletes (N = 349). The researcher used descriptive and multivariate tests to analyze the data and found both athletic directors and athletes found psychosocial services to be less available than academic and athletic services. Additionally, NCAA division level impacted the degree of service availability. More must be done to ensure the psychosocial well-being of college athletes. This includes exploring ideas for having services more readily available.
The salience of sport in cross-race friendship selection
Authors: Jones Gareth , Bunds Kyle S. , Carlton Troy A. , Edwards Michael B. , Bocarro Jason N.
Published: April 2016

In response to growing racial concerns, stakeholders have called for programs that facilitate positive cross-race interactions. Adolescence has been targeted as the most effective life stage to initiate programs promoting relationships. Since schools are one of the primary social influences on adolescent development, they have been emphasized as a particularly important setting for promoting intergroup contact. Sport plays an important role in the experiences of students, and contributes to intergroup relations within a school. The purpose of this study is to examine the unique effect of sport participation on cross-race friendship selection. Using data from Wave I of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), mixed-effects regression models and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess the effects of sport participation on friendship heterogeneity. Overall, participation in sport activities did not significantly influence the racial heterogeneity of adolescent’s friendship networks.
College Athletics Spending: Principals and Agents v. Arms Race
Authors: Fort Rodney
Published: April 2016

It is widely held that collegiate athletic directors are trapped in an expenditure arms race.  But the arms race explanation completely omits the actual consideration of the university budgeting process.  In its place, the arms race logic imposes strained assumptions about the cooperative setting and the naïveté of university administrators, along with a curious distinction of one type of revenue to reach its conclusions.  And the interpretation of the data on spending and benefits from college sports has not been done particularly well in the past. This paper presents an alternative principal-agent explanation that is based on the observed actual financial (budget) relationship between university administrators and their athletic department and consistent with the entirety of the aggregate-level data on college athletics finance.  Empirically discerning between the two models is crucial since each generates decidedly different policy implications.
ORDEM NORMATIVA INSTITUCIONAL E LIBERDADE
Authors: Cunha Filho Marcelo de Castro , Chein Feres Marcos Vinício
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refinar a metodologia da ciência do direito a partir do conceito de liberdade de Axel Honneth e da teoria neoinstitucionalista de Neil MacCormick. De acordo com o primeiro, vislumbra-se a necessidade de se desenhar um fundamento teórico para a metodologia do campo que articule as demandas da liberdade a partir da necessária relação entre a moral e a ética, simultaneamente. Encontra-se uma aproximação a esse ideal quando se reavalia o conceito de ordem normativa institucional de MacCormick na matriz teórica honnethiana. A partir da associação proposta, conclui-se que o direito encontra fundamento de validade no processo intersubjetivo de reconstrução normativa dos valores imanentes à ordem institucional. A reconstrução de tais valores, partilhados socialmente, deve ser responsável pela preservação das condições comunicativas básicas que possibilitem aos indivíduos o reconhecimento mútuo de suas necessidades, convicções e habilidades.
A EXPERIÊNCIA DA SUJEIÇÃO À AUTORIDADE POLICIAL: Notas sobre a articulação entre cognição e emoção na vida pública
Authors: Coelho Maria Claudia , Sento-Sé João Trajano , Fernandes Raquel Brum , Rios Fábio
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho aborda a experiência da au- toridade policial do ponto de vista da sujeição, com base em relatos de cidadãos de camadas médias e altas, moradores do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com pessoas que passaram por abordagens policiais em blitze da Lei Seca. O objetivo é investigar a articulação nessas experiências entre os planos cognitivo (concepções de autoridade, legalidade, poder, violência etc.) e emotivo. A análise busca contribuir com o campo de estudo das emoções na vida pública e com o campo de estudos sobre policiamento. O artigo discute ainda, à luz das observações de Norbert Elias, o impacto da centralidade do conflito sobre o estudo do policiamento nas escolhas de objeto nas ciências sociais.
MERCANTILIZAÇÃO NO FEMININO: A visibilidade do trabalho das mulheres no Brasil
Authors: Guimarães Nadya Araujo , Alves de Brito Murillo Marschner , Barone Leonardo Sangali
Published: April 2016

Neste artigo, os autores exploram duas faces do intenso movimento de mercantilização do trabalho feminino ocorrido no Brasil durante as últimas cinco décadas: sua face visível, expressa nos números oficiais, e sua face invisível, que se esconde nas entrelinhas das definições das categorias estatísticas. Para melhor entender tal movimento, analisam-se as tendências expressas nos dados dos cinco últimos recenseamentos brasileiros (de 1960 a 2010), em diálogo com interpretações que se mostraram seminais ao seu tempo, produzidas tanto pela literatura sociodemográfica a respeito do mercado brasileiro de trabalho, como pelos estudos de gênero e feministas.
War, States, and Contention: From Tilly to the War on Terror*
Authors: Tarrow Sidney
Published: April 2016

In his vast body of social scientific work, Charles Tilly made two fundamental contributions to our understanding of the development of the modern state. First, rather than developing naturally out of collective life or as the result of constitution making, Tilly argued that states grew out of war and preparations for war. In a second part of his work, he saw state development intersecting with changes in contentious politics—at a minimum through the action of social movements within civil society, and at a maximum through revolution. The first part of Tilly's work is best known in political science, particularly in international relations and the study of the state, while the second is better known in sociology. However, Tilly never attempted to bring the two major strands of his work together. Bridging war, states, and contention is the goal of this essay, which begins “with Tilly,” proceeds to a critical reflection “contra Tilly,” and concludes by going “beyond Tilly” to attempt a Tillian analysis of the effects of America's post-9/11 wars on the American state and on contentious politics.
World-System Hegemony and How the Mechanism of Certification Skews Intra-European Labor Solidarity*
Authors: Gentile Antonina
Published: April 2016

This article uses ethnographic methods, archival research, and systematic process tracing to suggest how McAdam, Tarrow, and Tilly's certification mechanism helps to explain systemic impediments to docker solidarity during the EU docker's campaign, 2001-3. By cross-referencing semistructured interviews across docker INGOs and unions in nine OECD countries and triangulating those interviews with internal communications, I found that although the leaders of the International Transport Workers' Federation and the European Transport Workers' Federation were keen to cooperate with leaders of the competing International Dockers Council, national unions affiliated to the ITF/ETF possessed a special power to prevent cooperation. The “national sovereignty clause” in the ITF/ETF constitution endows existing affiliates of the ITF/ETF with the power to veto applications for affiliation by other unions in their national domain. It also can prevent ITF/ETF leaders from communicating with those excluded unions and their representatives. Thus, ITF/ETF certification is founded, not on mutual recognition among all groups of workers, but rather in the denial of recognition to some. This study traces the origins of the clause to the post-WWII construction of the US-led hegemonic order, when ITF leaders colluded with the American Federation of Labor in dividing labor worldwide along Cold War lines. The study identifies the by-pass mechanisms that today's ETF leaders used and which temporarily enabled cooperation across the INGO divide. It also detects a long-term uneven and unequal representation of southern European unions that can skew the frames and goals of a campaign to reflect the interests of more solidly represented regions of labor. This analysis shows that the study of labor transnationalism is enriched by a combination of ethnographic and indepth historical inquiry, which can help us avoid the Kantian imperatives that seeped into the study of transnational actors after the end of the Cold War. And it shows that, by pushing us deeply behind “campaign time,” the combination of ethnography and archival sleuthing helps students of contentious politics to detect longer processes and bigger power structures than we have been apt to do—structures such as world orders established by a hegemonic state.
Storming the Bastille: Indirect Tests of How the Vainqueurs Assembled*
Authors: Ruback R. Barry , Koon-Magnin Sarah , Faulkner Mary K.
Published: April 2016

How do people assemble in large groups? Do they come as individuals, do they move as an entire group from one location to another, or do they come in small groups of two or three? In this paper, we examine this issue in the context of the most prototypical of crowd events, the storming of the Bastille in 1789. We use data about the Vainqueurs (stormers) de la Bastille drawn from the French National Archives to indirectly test four possible mechanisms by which the Vainqueurs came to the Bastille: as individuals, through social networks, by proximity to gathering places, or through formal associations. Spatial analyses of their addresses, coupled with an eyewitness account of how people joined the Vainqueurs, suggest that social networks and proximity to gathering places best explain who stormed the Bastille, although there is evidence that some people came alone and some came through formal associations.
Social Protest and Corporate Change: Brand Visibility, Third-Party Influence, and the Responsiveness of Corporations to Activist Campaigns*
Authors: Dixon Marc , Martin Andrew W. , Nau Michael
Published: April 2016

From corporate social responsibility initiatives to the adoption of domestic partner benefits in large firms, there is mounting evidence of the impact of activism on corporate behavior. This study advances the understanding of these outside challenges by identifying the multiple and context-dependent ways that movements matter for corporate change. Drawing from data on wide-ranging “corporate campaigns” waged by social movement organizations against corporate targets in the 1990s and early 2000s, our Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) of corporate change outcomes support political and market mediation approaches to anti-corporate activism. Far-reaching protest efforts benefited activists when targeting highly visible firms and when coupled with supportive state action or significant media scrutiny. The findings also reveal multiple pathways to both social movement successes and more firm-friendly outcomes, underscoring the need to consider the diverse response options of firms in the face of protest.
India’s Urban Challenges and Smart Cities: A Contemporary Study
Authors: Bholey Mihir
Published: April 2016

After coming to power in 2014 Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government announced the ambitious programme of building 100 smart cities in India. The idea behind is to rejuvenate the ailing urban system, improve urban infrastructure, quality of life and achieve sustainable and inclusive development besides other things. Tremendous demographic pressure, inadequate infrastructure and resources to cater to the population which runs in billions, unplanned growth of the peri-urban sprawls characterize India’s urban environment. Socio-economic imperatives are the key factors behind the rapid urbanization in India. Livelihood, security and prosperity are some prime movers. Ironically, cities, which on the one hand are considered the growth engines of economy, also attract poverty (socio-economically marginalized population) in large proportion. Consequently posh urban sprawls in Indian cities exist amidst impoverished habitats called slums where the poor inhabitants are condemned to live in sub-human condition. Reconciling growing affluence and abject poverty in cities is a difficult task too. In the backdrop of India’s urban challenges this paper seeks to examine some critical issues associated with the development of smart cities to understand: Will smart cities serve India’s aspiration or fulfill its urban needs? Can it address the contemporary and future needs of India’s urbanization? How will it ensure the participation of the urban stakeholders? How will it ensure social inclusion and finally, whether India needs smart cities or smart urban solutions for sustainable development? 
Back Matter
Authors: Editors The
Published: April 2016

The Midwest Public Affairs Conference, Publication License, Submission Information, and Back Cover
Neural Basis for the Relationship Between Academic Motivation and Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Chakraborty Rajib , Sultana Rafiya
Published: April 2016

The present study is an attempt to provide evidence to the neural basis of the relationship between academic motivation and emotional intelligence constructs. Sample for the study includes 49 students (25 girls and 24 boys) from VIIIth and IXth classes of a secondary school in Sriram Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. The data for measuring Emotional intelligence is collected by using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Adolescent Short Form (TEIQue-ASF), prepared by Petrides, K. V. & Furnham, A. (2006) for adolescents. The data for measuring academic motivation is collected using Academic Motivation Scale, High School Version (AMS-HS 28) for high school students prepared by Vallerand and et.al (1992). For data analysis, Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation coefficient is used. The significance of the test is calculated using critical value table for Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation for the level of significance α at 0.05. The findings of the study establish the prefrontal cortex of the brain as the neural basis for the relationship between academic motivation and emotional intelligence in the chosen subjects.
Fatores favoráveis à aceitação de aplicativos móveis: um estudo com Alunos de uma instituição pública de ensino
Authors: França Vitória Martins , Carneiro Nayara de Assis , Medeiros Bruno Campelo , Danjour Miler Franco , Neto Manoel Veras de Sousa
Published: April 2016

A presente pesquisa apresenta como objetivo geral identificar os fatores favoráveis à aceitação de aplicativos móveis pelos alunos de uma instituição de ensino técnico e superior da Zona Norte de Natal, baseado no modelo TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) proposto por Davis (1989). Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, o presente estudo se caracteriza em sua natureza como quantitativo com fins do tipo exploratório, conduzido por meio de uma survey. A amostra utilizada foi do tipo probabilística, aleatória estratificada, composta por 251 discentes do campus da Zona Norte de Natal do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). Através de uma análise fatorial, foram identificados quatro fatores que explicam o favorecimento da aceitação de aplicativos móveis pelos discentes, um dos fatores gerados - Intenção de Uso e Facilidade de Uso Percebida - apresenta-se diferente dos constructos do TAM original. Os fatores podem ser interpretados como sendo Utilidade Percebida, Intenção de Uso, Intenção de Uso e Facilidade de Uso Percebida e ainda Facilidade de Uso Percebida. De maneira conclusiva, a Utilidade Percebida é o fator que mais consegue explicar o uso de aplicativos móveis.
Percepção dos clientes quanto a qualidade em um restaurante a la carte: uma análise exploratória
Authors: Freitas André Luís Policani , De Barros Marta Duarte
Published: April 2016

ResumoO turismo é uma das atividades econômicas mais promissoras atualmente e o sucesso dessa atividade depende de vários setores de serviços, dentre eles o de restaurantes. Diversos estudos têm sido desenvolvidos com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade dos serviços em restaurantes, buscando identificar as necessidades, as expectativas e os atributos mais importantes do serviço oferecido segundo o ponto de vista dos clientes. Entretanto, geralmente estes estudos consideram dimensões e atributos diferenciados, com foco em estabelecimentos com características específicas, como por exemplo, restaurantes a La Carte e Self- Service. Visando contribuir para a análise deste problema, este artigo empregou uma abordagem metodológica baseada em modelos e estudos existentes para avaliar a qualidade em um restaurante à luz de dimensões e itens inerentes a este segmento, segundo a percepção dos clientes. O estudo foi realizado em um restaurante a La carte localizado em um município do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O emprego do coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach revelou que todas as dimensões foram consideradas confiáveis. Os resultados revelaram que diversos itens críticos estão associados às condições do ambiente (servicescapes), além de itens relacionados a facilidades proporcionadas a portadores de necessidades especiais. Acredita-se que a abordagem utilizada seja aplicável à avaliação da qualidade em outros tipos de restaurantes. AbstractNowadays, tourism is one of the most promising economic activities and the success of this activity depends on the several service sectors, such as restaurants sector. Several studies have been developed with the aim to assess the quality of the service in restaurants, trying to identify the needs, the expectations and the most important attributes of the service concerning the customersâ point of view. However, in general these studies consider different dimensions and attributes, with focus in establishments with specific characteristics, such as, self-service and full-service restaurants. In order to contribute for the analysis of this problem, this article applied a methodological approach based on existing models and studies to assess the quality rendered by restaurants regarding dimensions and items inherent to this segment, according to the customersâ perception. The study was performed in a full-service restaurant, in a municipality of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Cronbachâs Alpha analysis showed that all dimensions were reliable. Several critical items are related to ambient conditions (servicescapes) and to issues concerning disabled people. It is believed that the referred approach is applicable to assess the quality in other kinds of restaurants.