bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classroom Service Guide Using Kahoot Game During Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahmi Siti , Sopianto Sopianto , Sovayunanto Riski
Published: September 2024

Background. One of the guidance and counseling service programs that must be upgraded techniques or ways of service using computer and internet media is classical services.  
Purpose. The purpose of the research is to find out in terms of feasibility in the development of a Classical Service Guide Using Kahoot Game which is applied to counseling teachers in schools.
Method. Research conducted by researchers is a type of development research or Research and Development (R&D).
Results. The results of validation from design experts show that the product design is in the very feasible category with a score of 53 at a percentage of 94.6%. the results of the material expert validation show that the material from the classical service guide using this kahoot game, is in the very feasible category with a score of 57 on the validation sheet and is at a percentage of 95%.
Conclusion. So that in some of these results it can be understood that our service guide is very feasible to be used in the implementation of classical services by utilizing technological media such as this kahoot game. Furthermore, in the limited product trial, the results of this product trial were found to be in the very feasible category with a score obtained from the teacher response sheet of 99 with a percentage of 88.3%.
Identify the Big Five Factors of Personality For Knowing Student Interpersonal Communication in Tarakan City Junior High School
Authors: Rahmi Siti , Anwar Anwar , Sovayunanto Riski
Published: September 2024

Background. Interpersonal communication is a process of human activities consisting of two or more people who exchange information, knowledge, thoughts in order to arouse each other's participation.
Purpose. herefore, this study aims to determine the identification of Big Five Factors Of Personality to determine the interpersonal communication of junior / senior high school students in Tarakan City.  
Method. Survey was applied in this research which data had been analyzed by path analysis after all variables put into a correlational matrix.
Results. Through the big five personality theory, there are five dimensions of personality, namely openness (O), conscientiousness (C), extroversion (E), agreeableness (A), neuroticism (N), and can be known to have a significant relationship with interpersonal communication. As the results of research conducted by previous researchers, namely the personality types of extraversion, agreeableness, and oppression have a significant relationship with interpersonal communication. While conscientiousness and neuroticism personality types have no relationship with interpersonal communication.
Conclusion. Therefore, this study aims to determine the identification of Big Five Factors Of Personality to determine the interpersonal communication of junior / senior high school students in Tarakan City. Based on the output table on data analysis, it can be seen that the coefficient of determination or R Square is 0.056 or equal to 5.6%, meaning that the variables Opennes to experience, neuroticism, agdreebleness, conscientiousness, extraversion affect interpersonal communication by 5.6%, the rest is influenced by other variables outside the regression equation that are not studied.
Extracurricular Role of The Scouting Movement in The Formation of Children's Character in The Digital Era
Authors: Pardede Alan Putra , Maulana Abdi , Hasibuan Abd Rahman Hakim , Nasution Abdullah Munawir , Siddik Fajar
Published: September 2024

Background. Scout extracurricular activities in elementary schools focus on improving students' skills, leadership, and sense of responsibility. The scout movement aims to build character and develop positive values through outdoor activities and practical learning. This is particularly important in the modern era, where children face challenges brought by digitalization.
Purpose. The objective of this research is to explore the role of the Scout Movement in forming children's character in the modern era, specifically addressing how scouting activities can help children develop their character to face the challenges posed by digitalization.
Method. This research employs a qualitative method using journal and book analysis as the primary data sources. An in-depth literature review is conducted to examine how the Scout Movement contributes to character development in children.
Results. The analysis reveals that the scout movement significantly influences children's character formation, particularly in areas such as discipline, responsibility, cooperation, and independence. The literature reviewed indicates that the moral principles and life skills taught in scouting activities help counteract the negative effects of the digital era, such as technology addiction and decreased social interaction. Scout leaders are identified as key figures in modeling and facilitating the character-building process.
Conclusion. The research concludes that the scout movement remains relevant and effective in shaping children's character, even in the face of digital era challenges. It contributes positively to personal and social development. To maximize the benefits of scouting in building character, the study suggests collaboration between schools, parents, and scout organizations.
Evaluation of the Effect of Teacher Training on the Use of Learning Technology
Authors: Meisuri Meisuri , Siregar Yuliza Andriyani , Halik Abdul , Bakti Indra , Firdaus Mohamad
Published: September 2024

Background. Teachers are a profession responsible for educating, guiding, teaching, and training students. The teacher's role is important in nurturing to develop students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The role of teachers who provide knowledge as access to information is now aided by digital sophistication. In this case, teachers must be able to control technology for learning to students. The learning process must of course be evaluated so that the weaknesses and strengths in learning can be identified.
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effect of teacher training in the use of learning technology. This evaluation will provide an overview of the effectiveness of the training in improving teachers' understanding of learning technology. In addition, it assesses the impact that the use of technology has on student learning outcomes.
Method. The method used in this research is quantitative method. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to teachers. Making statements related to evaluating the effect of teacher training in the use of learning technology. This statement is loaded in google from which will be processed through the SPSS application. The data obtained can be tested by proving the statements listed on Google from adjusted through facts that often occur in the world of education.
Results. The results of this study suggest that evaluating the impact of teacher training can provide a basis for developing a sustainable training curriculum. The role of technology in education will change the way students learn and also the learning outcomes. This evaluation will give teachers an idea of how much students develop after the use of technology.
Conclusion The conclusion of this study is that evaluation of teachers in the use of technology is also needed. Evaluation of the effect of teacher training on the use of learning technology is an assessment process to measure the extent to which training has an impact on teachers' ability to use technology. The difference in teachers' perspectives on technology also affects how much technology is used in learning. Teachers will also be a forum for the advancement of education. So that it can expand the application of technology in education.
Impact of Using Online Learning Platforms on Student Engagement
Authors: Banat Azizatul , Wahyuni Erna , Erwin Erwin , Siti Aisyah Hanim Siti Aisyah , Mudinillah Adam
Published: September 2024

Background. The use of platforms in learning will affect student engagement. Online platforms are changing the traditional approach to education. This will have a significant impact on student engagement. The online learning platform as a whole can have a positive impact on students. Student engagement in learning will provide effectiveness and independence.
Purpose. This research aims to identify how much impact the online learning platform has on student engagement. In addition, it can also analyze the positive and negative impacts of using online learning platforms during learning.
Method. The method used in this research is quantitative method. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires to students and teachers. The questionnaire contains statements related to the impact of using online learning platforms on student engagement. This statement is loaded into google from which the results will be processed through the SPSS application. The data obtained can be tested by proving the statements listed on Google from. This is adjusted to the facts that often appear in the world of education.
Results. The result of this research is that the impact of online platform on student engagement can be effective. Technology developed in online learning will have the potential to increase student engagement during learning. But on the other hand, it still considers the factors that will affect the maximization of the benefits of the online learning platform.
Conclusion This research can be concluded that the use of platform in online learning will affect the engagement of students. Maximum use of the platform will be able to provide technological accessibility as well as adequate training for educators and students. The utilization of online platform will increase the effectiveness of distance learning. It will allow flexibility and ease of interaction between students.
NITRITE MITIGATES OXIDATIVE BURST IN ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION IN BRAIN SLICES
Authors: Dias Cândida , F. Lourenço Cátia , Laranjinha João , Ledo Ana
Published: September 2024

Nitrite is the typical byproduct of nitric oxide (•NO) autooxidation in biological systems. However, certain circumstances favor its reduction “back” to the signaling free radical, providing a non-enzymatic route for the synthesis of •NO. In pathophysiological conditions such as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), where low oxygen availability limits nitric oxide synthase activity, nitrite reduction to •NO may allow protective modulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and thus reduce the impact of I/R on brain tissue. In the current study, we used high-resolution respirometry to evaluate the effects of nitrite in an in vitro model I/R using hippocampal slices. We found that reoxygenation was accompanied by an increase in oxygen flux, a phenomenon that has been coined “oxidative burst”. The amplitude of this “oxidative burst” was decreased by nitrite in a concentration-dependent manner. These results support the notion that nitrite mediates a decrease in the hyper-reduction of the electron transport system during ischemia, decreasing the accelerated oxygen consumption that characterizes the reoxygenation phase of I/R that has been associated with an increase in oxidant production. Additionally, a pilot in vivo study in which animals received a nitrate-rich diet as a strategy to increase circulating and tissue levels of nitrite also revealed that the “oxidative burst” was decreased in the nitrate-treated animals. These results may provide mechanistic support to the observation of a protective effect of nitrite in situations of brain ischemia.
MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSLATION IS THE PRIMARY DETERMINANT OF SECONDARY MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX I DEFICIENCIESv
Authors: Čunátová Kristýna , Vrbacký Marek , Puertas-Frias Guillermo , Alán Lukáš , Vanišová Marie , José Saucedo-Rodríguez María , Fernández-Vizarra Erika , Neužil Jiří , Pecinová Alena , Pecina Petr , Mráček Tomáš
Published: September 2024

Individual complexes of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) are not linked solely by their function; they also share dependencies at the maintenance/assembly level, where one complex depends on the presence of a different individual complex. Despite the relevance of this ‘interdependence’ behavior for mitochondrial diseases, its true nature remains elusive. To understand the mechanism that can explain this phenomenon, we examined the consequences of the aberration of different OXPHOS complexes in human cells. We demonstrate here that complete disruption of each of the OXPHOS complexes resulted in a perturbation in energy deficiency sensing pathways, including the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. The secondary decrease of complex I (cI) level was triggered by both complex IV and complex V deficiency, and it was independent of ISR signaling. On the other hand, we identified the unifying mechanism behind cI downregulation in the downregulation of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and, thus, mitochondrial translation. We conclude that the secondary cI defect is due to mitochondrial protein synthesis attenuation, while the responsible signaling pathways could differ based on the origin of the OXPHOS defect.
IMPACT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM ON CuZnSOD AND MnSOD DURING SPERMATOGENESIS IN RATS
Authors: Protic Isidora , Aleksic Marija , Golic Igor , Jankovic Aleksandra , Korac Bato , Korac Aleksandra
Published: September 2024

Thyroid hormones play an important role in both testis development and spermatogenesis. While hypothyroidism has been known to generally induce metabolic suppression, lower respiration rate, and reduce free radical formation, recent studies reported an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). First line of antioxidant defense in testes is comprised of two isoforms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), CuZnSOD and MnSOD differently localised in cell. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypothyroidism on the expression, localisation, and activity of these two SOD isoforms during spermatogenesis. Hypothyroidism was induced in two-month-old male Wistar rats by 0.04% methimazole in drinking water for 7, 15, and 21 days, while euthyroid control group drank tap water. CuZnSOD protein expression was decreased after 15 and 21 days while its activity was decreased by 40% in all examined time points of methimazole treatment in comparison to euthyroid control. At the same time, neither MnSOD protein expression nor its activity was changed by treatment. However, cell and stage-specific CuZnSOD and MnSOD immunoexpression in the rat testes were changed in hypothyroidism and may contribute to the altered spermatic characteristics. Our results suggest that changes in CuZnSOD and MnSOD expression play role in redox disbalance leading to hypothyroidism-induced maturation arrest of spermatogenesis.
MIR-146A AND MIR-21 FROM PBMCS AND EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES: A COMPARISON OF PAIRED SAMPLES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL INDICATORS OF THE REDOX STATUS
Authors: Penezic Ana , Stevanovic Jovana , Radojicic Ognjen , Mitic Ninoslav , Robajac Dragana , Sunderic Milos , Miljus Goran , Cetic Danilo , Mandic Milica , Ardalic Daniela , Mandic Markovic Vesna , Mikovic Zeljko , Nedic Olgica , Dobrijevic Zorana
Published: September 2024

Dysregulation of the redox system and the interconnected low-level inflammation (LLI) act as a driving force of damaging mechanisms in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and are strongly related to severe obstetric and neonatal complications of hyperglycaemic pregnancies. Major disturbances in microRNA-based mechanism accompany (glyco)oxidative stress ((g)OS), for which reason we hypothesized that microRNAs may serve as sensors and/or effectors of (g)OS/LLI in GDM and we chose candidates for GDM biomarker analysis among known (g)OS/LLI-associated microRNAs. The aim of the study was to analyze the properties of miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p as redox status indicators in GDM, as well as to compare two different biological samples as sources of potentially relevant GDM biomarkers.  miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with GDM and normoglycaemic pregnant controls (n=40 each), as well as in paired samples of extracellular vesicles (EVs) extracted from serum. Correlation analysis was conducted for the expression levels of tested microRNAs and the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), concentration of serum thiol groups and the level of Nrf2 mRNA. In both samples, tested microRNAs were upregulated in GDM group, with a more pronounced increase in expression in EVs, compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (1.81 vs. 1.52 fold for miR-146a-5p and 1.98 vs. 1.58 fold for miR-21-5p). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of miR-21-5p from PBMCs and Nrf2 in both GDM patients and controls, as well as a positive correlation with the activity of total SOD in GDM patients. On the other hand, miR-146a-5p from EVs demonstrated negative correlation with Nrf2 expression and the activity of total SOD. These data demonstrate the potential of (g)OS/LLI-related microRNAs miR-146a-5p and miR-21-5p to serve as indicators of GDM and the associated (g)OS-related changes.

 
FRIEND OR FOE: ASSOCIATION OF URIC ACID WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS IN CANINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM
Authors: Karić Lazar , Spariosu Kristina , Davitkov Darko , Janjić Filip , Francuski Andrić Jelena , Kovačević Filipović Milica , Radaković Milena
Published: September 2024

Canine hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) or Cushing’s syndrome is a multisystemic clinical condition caused by chronic exposure to elevated concentrations of glucocorticoids. It has been considered that oxidative stress is implicated in pathophysiology of HAC. The exact impact of uric acid (UA) on oxidative stress in hyperadrenocorticism remains unclear, given its ability to act as both an antioxidant and a pro-oxidant. In addition, increased UA levels are related to the development of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type II diabetes in humans with HAC. For this purpose, we aimed to investigate the association of UA with the components of oxidative stress in dogs with HAC. This study included 12 dogs with newly diagnosed HAC and 12 healthy controls. The oxidative stress in serum samples was assessed by advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances (TBARS), and antioxidative status by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). Uric acid was compared between two groups and correlated with oxidative stress parameters. The results showed that dogs with HAC exerted markedly higher level of UA compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Additionally, higher levels of AOPP and TBARS (p=0.001; p =0.043) were observed in the HAC group, indicating oxidative damage compared to the controls. Among antioxidants, only GSH exhibited a difference between groups (p=0.001). Correlation analysis of UA revealed strong association with TBARS (r=0.615; p=0.037), which implies that UA is linked to an increase of oxidative stress in canine Cushing’s syndrome. The results of this study indicate a possible pro-oxidant role of UA in dogs with HAC. 
DIFFERENT DEGREES OF OXIDATION CAUSE DIFFERENT CELL TRANSFORMATIONS AND FORMATION OF MICROPARTICLES
Authors: Volkova Anastasiya , Iskortseva Irina , Mikhailova Diana , Andreyeva Aleksandra , Mindukshev Igor
Published: September 2024

Oxidative stress (OS) has a significant impact on the lifespan and physical fitness of living organisms. It is commonly associated with ageing and can lead to changes in the functionality of red blood cells (RBCs). The precise mechanisms underlying these changes are not fully understood. Unlike mammals, avian RBCs have a nucleus and functional mitochondria that regulate the cellular response to oxidative stress. In this study, we examined the effects of OS on red blood cells from adult female quail (Coturnix japonica, n=12). We used flow cytometry to analyze the formation of OS-induced microparticles and RBC transformation. We also evaluated band 3 clustering and phosphatidylserine externalization at the cell surface using eosin-5-maleimide and Annexin-V fluorescent probes, respectively. In addition, we analyzed band 3 clustering using confocal microscopy. We used a laser diffraction-based method to analyze cell deformability, and we characterized hemoglobin species spectrophotometrically. We found that OS caused band 3 clustering, microparticle formation, and phosphatidylserine release onto the cell membrane. The microparticles formed under the influence of oxidants differed from those formed under the influence of A23187 (calcium ionophore). The rate of microparticle formation and the onset of osmotic rigidity depended on the oxidant concentration. Erythrocyte-derived microparticles contained hemoglobin oxidized to hemichrome (HbChr). Overall, these findings demonstrate that avian erythrocytes undergo different processes during oxidative stress, depending on the level of oxidation. These differences are due to variations in cellular transformations and the formation of different types of microparticles. This research was supported by the Russian Fund for Basic Researches (grant no. 23-15-00142)
Local Government Administration as a Vital Sustainable Structure of Grass Root Development and Nation-Building in Nigeria
Authors: Babajide Olufemi Akingbade
Published: September 2024

The article “Local Government Administration as a Vital Sustainable Structure of Grass Root Development and Nation-Building in Nigeria” reveals that local government has immense functions that makes it very significant in a democratic system, unfortunately the various political gladiators at the helm of affairs under the military and civilian has made local government activities dysfunctional in Nigeria. Thus, the local government as a structure or third tier of governments remains an undisputed vital structure that bring governance closer to the people at the grassroot by providing basic social amenities that will make life more meaningful to the populace. The article justifies the importance of local government by efficiency services theory of local government, democratic school of local government and accountability and control theory of local government the major encumbrances constraining the activities of local government are been constrain by financial and administrative lack of financial autonomy, deliberate creation of poverty and the menace of lingering corruption in the system. Local government has achieved has certain functions that conspicuously makes it a vital structure vital sustainable structure of grass root development and nation-building in Nigeria; such functions ranges from urbanization & community development, availability of labour, project initiation, commercialization of agriculture, modernization of technology, administrative efficiency and political education. The article concludes that that the activities of local government is an important inventive structuration in nation building and development in modern democracy through the various innovations and functions. The third-tier of government is democratic in is orientation by inculcating the principles, tenets and ethos in the polity by achieving democratic prospect whimsically and capriciously.
SMEs Development during the Covid-19 Pandemic: SWOT Analysis of Surabaya Metropolitan City
Authors: Tjipto Subroto Dr. Waspodo
Published: September 2024

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is activities economics to support reduce alleviation for society in Surabaya Metropolitan city during Covid-19 pandemic. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the sector that absorbs the largest workforce in Indonesia up to 97% and is the most important part of the country’s economy. The purposed of this research will be describe about SWOT analysis of SMEs development during COVID-19 Pandemic of Surabaya Metropolitan city. This study aims to analyze and identify the factors that cause the decline in the existence of SMEs in Surabaya Metropolitan city using SWOT analysis and analysis of internal and external factors, as well as strategies for developing SMEs in Surabaya Metropolitan city. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, which uses literature in the form of journals, papers or seminar proceedings, and reports from government or private institutions, as a reference in data collection. The results of the research are in the form of development strategies according to the needs of SMEs in Surabaya Metropolitan city. Several factors also influenced the development of SMEs in Surabaya Metropolitan city, including limited capital, expensive and scarce raw materials and simple and limited production equipment, bookkeeping problems, limited marketing, problems in determining the location and layout of the business, weak managerial skills, weak resource management. Based on the results of the above analysis of several obstacles or obstacles that affect the development of SMEs in Surabaya Metropolitan city, it can be concluded that the role of the government is needed in this case to support, facilitate and or foster SMEs in Surabaya Metropolitan city which can be done through collaboration with Universities, Cooperatives Indonesia, Banks or other financial institutions and provide training to the workforce in order to create a skilled and expert workforce.
Perencanaan & Pengawasan Pekerjaan Kamar Mandi, Penambahan Ruang Terbuka, dan Penataan Parkir di Gereja Santa Maria Ratu Rosari Tanjung Selamat Medan
Authors: Sitohang Oloan , Sitindaon Charles , Sitorus Lamhot , Sitohang Andar , Hutagalung Pieter L. , Sinurat Windo
Published: September 2024

Gereja Katolik Paroki Santa Maria Ratu Rosari merupakan sebuah Gereja Katolik yang didirikan sejak 1 Agustus 1997.  Meskipun sudah direhap 10 tahun yang lalu, ruangan gereja belum mampu untuk menampung seluruh umat saat ibadah yang berjumlah 6.556 jiwa (data Biduk pertahun 2022). Bertambahnya umat setiap tahun, daya tampung ruangan gereja tidak mencukupi akibatnya banyak umat yang harus duduk di luar bangunan gereja pada saat ibadah menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan dan berkurangnya suasana sakral dan kondusif saat beribadah. Hal ini membuat pihak Dewan gereja harus menambah daya tampung umat dengan menambah ruangan di samping gereja yang nantinya membuat umat duduk dengan baik. Penambahan ruang ini akan bisa menampung ± 120 tempat duduk juga akan diatur tata letaknya untuk membuat suasana yang tenang. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah, untuk membantu dalam pembuatan anggaran biaya yang ekonomis dan suasana ruang yang nyaman dan  mengawasan dalam terhadap pelaksana dan menyesuaikan jadwal dalam pekerjaan konstruksi secara baik dan aman, sehingga tidak menggangu bila ada ibadah. Untuk mempermudah pelaksanaan kegiatan penambahan Ruang Terbuka, Rehap Kamar Mandi dan Penataan Parkir di Gereja Santa Maria Ratu Rosari Tanjung Selamat Medan  pada sisi kanan bangunan gereja, perlu dibuat suatu bagan alir pelaksanaan kegiatan mulai dari persiapan sampai pelaksanaan. Penambahan Ruang Terbuka, Rehap Kamar Mandi Dan Penataan Parkir Di Gereja Santa Maria Ratu Rosari Tanjung Selamat Medan. Dalam kegiatan ini penambahan ruang terbuka untuk tempat duduk umat bisa tertampung kurang lebih 150 jiwa dan kebersihan kamar mandi sesudah baik serta kenyamanan dan tata letak parkir sudah teratur dan dapat menampung 280 kendaraan bermotor.
Risk Factors of Asthma in Children
Authors: Biswas B K
Published: September 2024

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseaseworldwide, affecting almost 300 million people with a1continuously increasing prevalence . It is also the mainchronic disease in childhood, affecting 10% of children. Agreat effort is currently being focused on the search ofpreventive strategies, which seems feasible based onevidence suggesting that the onset of atopy and asthmamay be strictly connected to several events occurring invery early stages of life. In particular, exposure to2antibiotics in fetal and neonatal period , being born by3cesarean section , formula feeding, maternal diet, and the variety of microbes one is exposed to may play a key role.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Drug Abusers in a Selected Hospital of Dhaka City
Authors: Kabir S M H
Published: September 2024

Drug addiction is a social curse involving all classes of people for ages. Not only it increases individual's morbidity and mortalitybut also creates social unrest and reduces the national productivity frequent assessment surveys have provided insights into patternand required responses. Respondents were interviewed to find out their various socio-demographic characteristics, reasons andpatterns of drug abuse. This cross sectional descriptive study carried out on 158 admitted patients in “Thikana Hospital” of Dhakacity for de-addiction between the period of October 2015 - September 2016. A pretested and predesigned questionnaire was used inevaluating the patients by two or more sittings. Amongst 158 patients, studied 94.30% were male. Majority (62.02%) of patientswere in the age group of 21-30 years with a mean age of 28.31 + 8.45 year. 62.12% patients were married and 48.10% had educationup to higher secondary level.

Most of the patients were either unemployed (29.11%) or student (27.21%). 36.70% were spending 101-500 Tk/day .Moreovertheir (38.60%) family income was 15001 - 30,000 Tk/month. 62.82% were dependent of self to arrange money for purchasingdrugs. The reason behind starting drug abuse were mainly peer pressure (49.37%) followed by curiosity (26.58%). The mean age ofstarting drug was 19.42 + 7.68 years and majority (68.35%) were addicted to drug for the period between 1-5 years. Only 4.43% hadpositive family history of drug abuse. Regarding route of drug abuse ingestion was most popular (54.43%). 10.76% patients wereusing injectable route. Amongst abused drugs tablet Yaba was most popular equal to multiple drug abusers (21.52%) followed byheroin inhalation (14.56%) and phensidyl intake (13.92%).

As revealed in this study younger generation are vulnerable to abuse drug because of personal familial social reasons complicated by factors like poor law enforcement and national economy. Apart from strict anti-drug trafficking policy government should promote and support the public and private de-addiction centres so that patients of all classes can afford the modern management and return to normal social life.
Parental Social Relationship and Adolescent Depression
Authors: Akhiruzzaman
Published: September 2024

This cross sectional study was carried out among 141 randomly selected adolescents and their parents in four sectors of Uttara modeltown from January to December 2017 to assess the association between parental social relationship and adolescent depression. Aftertaking informed written consent, data were collected by face to face interview with the help of a semi structured questionnaire. Thendata were processed, cleaned and analyzed accordingly. Ethical issues were followed at every stages of this study.

Among the adolescents, males were higher (67.4%) than females (32.6%) and their mean(±SD) age was 15.35(±0.98) years.Most (93.6%) of them had secondary level education and belonged nuclear family (83.7%). Average monthly family incomewas Tk 61141.84(±33394.09). More than half (57.4%) adolescent had no or minimum depression whereas 22.0% had milddepression 14.2% had moderate depression and 6.4% had severe depression. More than four fifth (83.7%) of the adolescent'sparents almost always had good relation with those around, whereas three fifth (58.9%) parents sometimes get emotionalsupport that is needed and nearly two third (72.3%) parents sometimes give and receive affection. There was significantassociation between communication of parents with other (p<0.01), give and receive affection (p<0.01) and positive thinkingmentality (p<0.01) with level of adolescent depression. In social relationship domain, mean(±SD) score was found amongparents was higher 10.48(±1.226) when adolescents had no or minimal depression and among severely depressed adolescentstheir parental mean(±SD) score was lower 7.56(±2.404) (ANOVA, p< 0.05).

Adolescent depression is significantly associated with parental social relationship. Effective measures must be taken to prevent adolescent depression by improving parental social relation. Which may contributes effectively to develop our nation.
Antibacterial Effect of Ginger against Entero-pathogenic Organism: Escherichia coli
Authors: Rahman M A
Published: September 2024

The study was conducted during the period of July 2016 to June 2017 in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics with the collaboration of Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh to determine the profile of antibacterial effect of Crude Ginger Extract (CGE), Ethanolic Ginger Extract (EGE) and standard antibiotic Amikacin against standard strains of Escherichia coli. It was an exploratory study based on laboratory experiment.

The objectives of the study were a) Determination of inhibitory effects of crude ginger extract by incorporation into Nutrientagar media against Escherichia Coli. b) Antibacterial sensitivity testing of ethanolic ginger extract against Escherichia Coli byusing disc diffusion method. c) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanolic ginger extract againstthe test organism by broth dilution technique. d) Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibioticAmikacin against test organism by broth dilution technique and e) Subculture studies of materials from effective CGE, EGEand Amikacin preparations for confirmation of respective results of Experiments I, III and IV.

It was revealed that the growth of Escherichia coli started to be inhibited from 50% CGE incorporated media and even nocomplete inhibition of growth occurred at 100%. In case of Ethanolic Extract in disc diffusion method sensitivity was seenagainst Escherichia coli zone of inhibition was 7 mm at 25 μg/10 μl, 22 mm at 50 μg/10 μl and, 30 mm at 100 μg/10 μlconcentrations respectively. The broth dilution technique was performed to determine the MICs of EGE and Amikacin. TheMIC of EGE was 500 μg/ml against Escherichia coli and the MIC of Amikacin 1 μg/ml against Escherichia coli. Thesubculture study showed the same results with that of previous experiments.

The study confirmed antibacterial effect of ethanolic ginger extract (EGE) against Escherichia coli. The crude ginger extract (CGE) also had its inhibitory effects against the organism studied. The finding highlights the need for further extensive study to detect and isolate the active ingredients present in the Ginger extract responsible for antibacterial effect.
Mothers Knowledge on EPI and Immunization Status of Their Under Five Children
Authors: Huda S M N
Published: September 2024

The Expanded Programme on Immunization is a World Health Organization programme with the goal to make vaccinesavailable to all children. The objective of this study is to find out "Mothers knowledge on immunization of children andimmunization status of under five children in selected villages of Modhukhali". For this purpose a descriptive type of crosssectional study was conducted during the period of November 2017 to march 2018. During the survey data were collected from370 conveniently selected mothers who had at least one child under 5 years. After taking verbal consent a face to face interviewwas conducted through a pretested questionnaire.

The result showed that mean(±SD) age of mother was 26.71(±6.43) years. Most(46.49%) of the respondents have completedprimary education and 5.67% have completed graduation. The study revealed that about 98.64% people have knowledge aboutimmunization, 96.46% of people know when to start vaccination of their child, 85.31% population accomplished EPIschedule. About 99% people gave BCG vaccine, 95.40% people gave pentavalent vaccine, 91.62% people gave PCV vaccineand 94.87% people gave OPV vaccine to their child.

EPI services of the country have been improved by some years but yet there are some gaps in rural areas. The health education programme about EPI should be run in the rural areas in a proper organized way. There is also need for strong supervision & monitoring of EPI services throughout the country.
Study on Association between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Food Security of Rural Adolescent Population of Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan I
Published: September 2024

This was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study carried out to assess the relationship between food security and socio-demographic characteristics of adolescent of the rural areas with a sample size of 108. Data were collected purposively fromtwo selected villages using a semi structured questionnaire. On the basis of the score calculated, household food security wasleveled as four categories: Food Secured, Mild food insecured, Moderate food insecured and extremely food insecured. Theresult shows that about 40% of the adolescents are Moderate food insecured. 31.5% adolescents were from extremely foodinsecured families. 18.5% respondents were from mild food insecured families and only 10.2 % respondents were from foodsecured families. Maximum of the respondents were from the age group of 15-16 years (31.5%).Mean ±SD = 14.54 ± 2.12years. 64 % were male and 36% were female. Most of them were (81.5%) Muslim; 48.1% respondents were from familieshaving monthly income 5000 to 8000 taka and 28.7% of them have more than 8000 taka income per month with Mean(±SD)income of 7245(±2126.27) taka. About 44.4 % of the respondents' had 5 members in families and 39.8% had 4 or less. Sixtypercent had nuclear families; 46.3% of the respondents having primary level of education, followed by secondary level(32.4%). About 13.9% were illiterate, 72.2% attained their education from formal system, 11.1% from madrasa and 2.8% hadnon-formal education. Respondents were mainly students (75.9%). About 11.1%were agricultural workers. Most of therespondents were children of daily labours/rikshaw pullers (36.1%) followed by Farmers (24.1%) and Business men (21.3%);while 18.5 % of the respondents' fathers were service holders. Regarding housing condition about 42.6% respondents live inkacha houses followed by semi-pacca(28.7%) and 25.9% of them had tin-shed houses. Three fourth (75.9%) of the respondentswere non- smokers. About 97.2% used tube well water for drinking purpose. Two third of the respondents (66.7%) usedsanitary latrine. There is a strong association between household food security level and monthly family income (p<0.01),house type where the respondents live (p<0.01) and fathers' occupation (p<0.05). There is no association between respondents'age and their food security level, family size and household food security level, education level of respondents, occupation ofrespondents. The present study shows that economic condition of the respondents is the main factor for adolescent foodsecurity which should be address in the formulation of programs relating to food security.
Public Health Emergencies and Preparedness
Authors: Akhiruzzaman
Published: September 2024

The concept of a public health emergency is not limited toepidemic prone diseases but extends to biological,chemical and nuclear hazards, including the chemical ornuclear contamination of the environment and1contaminated food and pharmaceuticals. InternationalHealth Regulations (IHR) adopted by the World HealthAssembly in 2005 are binding on all WHO member statesand provide a regulatory framework for international2management of public health emergencies. The purpose ofthe IHR is to prevent and manage the public health risksarising from the international spread of disease whileavoiding unnecessary interference with international3traffic and trade. Each country must develop and maintainthe capacity to assess health risks within its territory and tonotify WHO of all events that may constitute a public4health emergency of international concern. In South-EastAsia the main public health issues are infectious diseases5and communicable diseases . This article describes thedefinition of public health emergencies, types of PublicHealth Emergencies, Public Health Emergencies ofInternational Concern (PHEIC), examples of some publichealth emergencies in this century, public healthemergencies preparedness (PHEP), key elements of publichealth emergency preparedness, capability assessment forpublic health emergency preparedness and response, andsteps of developing preparedness and response capabilitiesplanning model in deed.
El tratamiento del racismo en la prensa deportiva online española: el caso Vinicius
Authors: Villar Cirujano Ernesto , Sánchez de la Nieta Miguel Ángel , Pulido Zaragoza Julio
Published: September 2024

Los medios de comunicación tienen el poder de situar en la agenda pública un asunto de tanta relevancia social como el racismo, además de la responsabilidad de contribuir a reducir las expresiones de odio en lugar de alimentarlas. La presente investigación analiza la cobertura que ofrecieron en internet los cuatro principales periódicos deportivos españoles (Marca, As, Mundo Deportivo y Sport) a los insultos racistas sufridos por el futbolista del Real Madrid Vinicius Junior en la temporada 2022-23. Pese a que en el pasado se habían producido hechos similares con otros jugadores, los ataques al delantero brasileño acapararon por sí solos el 25% de las 3.572 informaciones sobre racismo en el deporte publicadas por estos medios en las cinco temporadas de LaLiga disputadas por el delantero brasileño. La investigación identifica los motivos que desataron esta tormenta mediática, entre ellos la relevancia del protagonista, y constata que ante una situación excepcional como esta los periódicos editados en dos ciudades con tanta rivalidad futbolística como Madrid y Barcelona responden con una atención mediática similar, pero con enfoques diferentes. En los medios de la capital (Marca y As) se presenta al jugador exclusivamente como víctima de estos ataques sin reproche alguno hacia él. Sin embargo, en uno de cada diez textos de los portales catalanes (Mundo Deportivo y Sport) se mencionan supuestas actitudes provocadoras del jugador o se recogen denuncias de un trato de favor respecto a otros deportistas afectados por similares actitudes de odio.
Vertical MSM-type CsPbBr3 thin film photodetectors with fast response speed and low dark current
Authors: Cheng Xue-Ming , Cui Wen-Yu , Zhu Lu-Ping , Wang Xia , Liu Zong-Ming , Cao Bing-Qiang ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China,   Nuchip Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang 277299, China
Published: September 2024

Halide perovskites exhibit excellent electrical and optical properties and are ideal candidates for active layers in optoelectronic devices, especially in the field of high-performance photodetection, where they demonstrate a competitive advantage in terms of development prospects. Among them, the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 has received widespread attention due to its better environmental stability. It is demonstrated in this work that a vertical MSM-type CsPbBr3 thin-film photodetector has characteristics of fast response time and ultra-low dark current. The use of a vertical structure can reduce the transit distance of photo carriers, enabling the device to achieve a fast response time of 63 μs, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the traditional planar MSM-type photodetectors with a response time of 10 ms. Then, by spinning a charge transport layer between the p-type CsPbBr3 and Ag electrodes, effective separation of photocarriers at the interface is realized and physical passivation between the perovskite and metal electrodes is also achieved. Due to the superior surface quality of the spun TiO2 film compared with the NiOx film, and through Sentaurus TCAD simulations and bandgap analyses, with TiO2 serving as the electron transport layer, it effectively inhibits the transmission of excess holes in p-type CsPbBr3. Consequently, the electron transport layer TiO2 is more effective in reducing dark current than the hole transport layer NiOx, with a dark current magnitude of only –4.81×10–12 A at a –1 V bias. Furthermore, this vertical MSM-type CsPbBr3 thin-film photodetector also has a large linear dynamic range (122 dB), high detectivity (1.16×1012 Jones), and good photo-stability. Through Sentaurus TCAD simulation, it is found that the charge transport layer selectively blocks carrier transmission, thereby reducing dark current. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data, providing theoretical guidance for a more in-depth understanding of the intrinsic physical mechanisms.
PRMT1-SFPQ regulates intron retention to control matrix gene expression during craniofacial development
Authors: Raulino Lima Julia , Ungvijanpunya Nicha , Chen Qing , Park Greg , Vatankhah Mohammadreza , Rosen Tal , Chai Yang , Merrill-Brugger Amy , Peng Weiqun , Xu Jian
Published: September 2024

Spliceosomopathies, which are a group of disorders caused by defects in the splicing machinery, frequently affect the craniofacial skeleton and limb, but the molecular mechanism underlying this tissue-specific sensitivity remains unclear. Splicing factors and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are core components of splicing machinery, and splicing factors are further controlled by post-translational modifications, among which arginine methylation is one of the most frequent modifications. To determine the splicing mechanisms in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), which give rise to the majority of the craniofacial skeleton, we focused on upstream regulators for splicing proteins responsible for arginine methylation, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT). These enzymes catalyze arginine methylation of splicing factors to modify splicing factor expression and activity, influencing the splicing product. PRMT1 is the highest expressing enzyme of the PRMT family in CNCCs and its role in craniofacial development is evident based on our earlier investigation, where CNCC-specific
Prmt1
deletion caused cleft palate and mandibular hypoplasia. In the present study, we uncover the roles of PRMT1 in CNCCs in the regulation of intron retention, a type of alternative splicing where introns are retained in the mature mRNA sequence. Mandibular primordium of
Prmt1
-deficient embryos demonstrated an increase in the percentage of intron-retaining mRNA of matrix genes, which triggered NMD, causing a reduction in matrix transcript expression. We further identified SFPQ as a substrate of PRMT1 that depends on PRMT1 for arginine methylation and protein expression in the developing craniofacial structures. Depletion of SFPQ in CNCCs phenocopied PRMT1 deletion in that matrix, Wnt signaling components and neuronal gene transcripts contained higher IR and exhibited lower expression. We further recognized gene length as a common feature among SFPQ-regulated genes in CNCCs. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that the PRMT1-SFPQ pathway modulates matrix Wnt signaling components and neuronal gene expression via intron retention in CNCCs during craniofacial development.