bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The shamans of wall street: a real conundrum in finance. Why systematically poor performing asset managers survive?
Authors:   Universidad ESAN, Perú, Delgado Francisco A. , Cueto Diego C. ,   Universidad ESAN
Published: September 2021

In this paper we propose a behavioral explanation for the survival of poorly performing asset managers. We argue that, in general, asset managers make use of copious amounts of correct but useless information to convince investors about their supposed superior ability to interpret the market. Their marketing skills and motivational speeches seem to be enough to maintain asset managers in business regardless of the results. We present data that show how bad a number of asset managers can be. We also show how prevalent asset managers’ underperformance is. We argue that some Wall Street professionals are able to fool almost all of their clients most of the time into believing that they add value in the services they provide while the data show that this is not true. What we cannot show with this data is whether managers actually believe they are as good as they claim they are, or are not just shamans, albeit shameless as well.
Programa Comunitario de actividad física para adultos mayores del Consejo Popular Rafaelito
Authors: Herrera Jaureguí Luis Orlando , Bravo Polanco Eneida , Rodríguez Quintana Wilfredo , Pérez Castillo Yoel , Luján Díaz Borys , López Bravo Lizander
Published: September 2021

El estudio estuvo encaminado a evaluar el efecto de un Programa Comunitario sustentado en la práctica sistemática de actividades físicas en la mejora de los niveles de depresión, bienestar subjetivo y condición física de los adultos mayores de la Circunscripción #23 del Consejo Popular Rafaelito en el municipio Cumanayagua. El procedimiento metodológico utilizado en el estudio se corresponde con un diseño cuasi-experimental con pre y pos tratamiento y para ello se trabajó con una población de 70 adultos mayores, se escogió una muestra representativa de 59 sujetos, 36 mujeres y 23 varones con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 75 años. Se utilizaron como métodos de investigación las encuestas y cuestionarios; la depresión fue medida aplicando la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage y el bienestar subjetivo a partir de la Escala de Estados de Ánimo de Lawton. A partir de ahí fue diseñado un Programa Comunitario, en función de las particularidades del grupo investigado y aplicado durante un período de 18 semanas, con adecuados niveles de participación y asistencia por parte de los adultos implicados. Los resultados arrojaron que en los niveles de depresión y bienestar subjetivo se apreciaron diferencias significativas entre los integrantes del grupo analizado obteniéndose valores después de aplicado el programa entre 0,03 y 0,00 y en la condición física, en el caso de los abdominales excede, el valor crítico (tcrítica=2,35), con un 0,001 de probabilidad; en cuanto al equilibrio, la agilidad, y la flexibilidad se obtiene un 0.05 de probabilidad (tcrítica=1,65).
Formação profissional em Educação Física: ações docentes nos cursos com maiores conceitos ENADE 2013/2014
Authors: Soares Maffei Willer
Published: September 2021

A temática envolvendo a formação e o trabalho docente no ensino superior, tem sido recorrente nos debates acadêmicos, em especial, no período pós década de 1980. Nesse período, apontamentos sobre a má formação do professor obtida nos cursos superiores se tornaram frequentes e os dados das avaliações externas levaram instituições universitárias a investirem na formação do formador e na construção de novas práticas docentes. Diante disso o objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer o perfil profissional dos docentes e as ações formativas mais utilizadas por eles nos cursos de Educação Física que apresentaram maiores notas no Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (ENADE) 2013 e 2014. Para tanto utilizou-se, para levantamento de informações, questionário Google Docs com 4 questões abertas e 19 fechadas. A amostra foi composta por 72 docentes que ministram aulas em cursos de Educação Física em Instituições de Ensino Superior classificadas, segundo os critérios de avaliação nacional, com Conceito de Curso 4 ou 5. Os dados indicam que a maioria dos docentes atuam em Universidades, possuem titulação obtida em programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu e têm entre 6 a 15 anos de experiência no ensino superior. Valorizam e utilizam como ações formativas as metodologias ativas e ações relacionadas ao futuro campo de atuação profissional. As metodologias passivas são menos empregadas e entendidas como de menor potencial formativo, ainda assim, são utilizadas na formação. Embora os indicadores isoladamente não assegurem boa formação, as estratégias utilizadas são parâmetros a considerar quando se analisa o processo de constituição do profissional.
Professionalitet — new essence and old meanings
Authors: Blinov V. I. , Kurteeva L. N.
Published: September 2021

Research is devoted to a new strategic initiative for the development of secondary vocational education "Professionalitet". This initiative is declared as a new level of education in colleges and contains approaches and principles for updating the content of vocational education, intensifying the development of professional educational organizations and reducing the duration of training.

A retrospective analysis of the history of secondary vocational education revealed the predisposition of this level of education to rejection and change in the semantic connotations of the levels of vocational education in different historical periods. The process of development is often presented as a struggle of emerging new entities with old meanings, which inevitably continue to function in the minds of people. Historical retrospective knowledge gives us the opportunity to optimize our views on the inevitable new and the obsolete old.

Presents the characteristics of the project "Professionalitet". The analysis of the socio-economic reasons for the creation of professionalism allows us to speak about its objective necessity, and the presented structure of the new level of education gives an answer to the question-due to what the training period will be reduced. Special attention is paid to the risks and problems that will have to be faced when implementing this project.
Teaching strategies used in pandemic post-crisis that stimulate students' lateral thinking
Authors:   Sascut Secondary School, Romania, Stanciu Carmen
Published: September 2021

The post-pandemic crisis determined the need to reorient the teacher towards innovative strategies adapted to the instructive-educational process that would stimulate students' lateral thinking. Lateral thinking generates new ideas, breaking down the conceptual barriers of old ideas, and in the current conditions such an approach is stringent, encouraging students and instilling confidence in their way of thinking. The teaching strategies, adapted by the teacher to the specific conditions, therefore support this type of thinking, being a way to make decisions regarding the design, organization and realization of learning situations in an original way.
Cervical Spine Thrust Joint Manipulation, Education, and a Home Exercise Program for the Management of Individuals with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Reynolds Breanna , Brown Jamie
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) often leads to chronic pain and disability. Current evidence supporting potentially effective physical therapy (PT) intervention in TMD is limited, however, some support exists for manual therapy, education, and exercise. The purpose of this case series was to describe outcomes in participants with TMD treated with cervical spine manual therapy, education, and exercise. Methods: Five participants (mean symptom duration 2.2 years) with TMD were treated with atlanto-occipital and C2-3 cervical spine thrust joint manipulation (TJM), behavioral education, and a home exercise program for 3 visits over 4 weeks. Primary outcomes included jaw range of motion (ROM), Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Jaw Functional Limitation Scale, and Global Rating of Change (GROC). Secondary measures included pain pressure threshold (PPT), Neck Disability Index, TMD Disability Index, and cervical ROM. Results: Clinically meaningful change was noted in cervical and jaw ROM. Three of five participants (60%) reported symptoms at least “moderately better” (≥ 4 GROC) at 4-weeks. No adverse events were reported. Clinical Relevance: All participants had at least 1 year duration of pain indicating spontaneous recovery was unlikely. While cause and effect relationships cannot be determined, outcomes indicate the approach may be effective. Conclusion: Cervical spine TJM added to education and exercise over three visits may be effective in the chronic TMD population. Future randomized clinical trials are necessary to draw specific conclusions
Parental Awareness of Early Intervention for Hispanic Children with Communication Disorders
Authors: Crutchfield Ruth , Salinas Sonya , Chen Roy
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Children at risk of delayed speech and language development and speech-language disorders come from a broad range of demographic backgrounds, including ethnicities, sexes, and socioeconomic statuses. A vast body of research in speech-language pathology has demonstrated that early intervention is crucial for helping children acquire the necessary communication skills they need to become effective communicators, successful students, and ultimately accomplished adults. Currently, commercials, billboards, online sources, and personal referrals are the methods most often used to promote awareness of early childhood intervention services. Method: This study aimed to identify whether the current promotional methods used to increase parental awareness of early childhood speech therapy intervention are effective in the Hispanic population in South Texas. A total of 299 parents and guardians recruited from 18 Head Start programs took part in the survey study. The 18-item Early Intervention Parental Awareness Questionnaire was utilized to assess the participants’ level of awareness. Results: The results of this study suggest face-to-face interaction is needed to increase awareness of services for early childhood intervention amongst the Hispanic population. Conclusion: These findings support the need for increasing recognition of the value of early intervention for children with communication disorders amongst the Hispanic population.
Expanding Rehabilitation Beyond the Clinic—Strategies to Increase Total Restorative Therapy Time for Adults with Hemiplegia
Authors: Tunney Niamh , Perlow Ellen
Published: September 2021

Background: Positive neuroplastic changes involving cortical reorganization after stroke are experience dependent and are facilitated more effectively when rehabilitation occurs with high volume. Structured experiences to promote adaptive changes can be implemented during scheduled therapies in any rehabilitation setting. However, time spent in supervised restorative therapy is limited regardless of setting. Time spent in therapeutic activity can be extended by a variety of options that patients can engage in independently, that are low-cost, and that have evidence to support their use as a supplement to physical and occupational therapy. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present four such options for supplemental therapeutic activities to support restorative rehabilitation, including mental practice, mirror therapy, low cost virtual reality, and community group exercise classes. A sample of the evidence supporting their feasibility and effectiveness is presented. Practical guidelines for implementation are provided based on the evidence. Recommendations: Evidence based interventions can be used to extend total restorative rehabilitation time as an extension of therapy activities performed in the clinic. They are feasible and effective and can support positive neuroplastic changes in individuals with hemiplegia. These strategies can and should be implemented across practice settings by physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech language pathologists.
A Match Made in Heaven: Exploring Views of Medicine Students, Pharmacy Interns and Facilitators in an Interprofessional Medicines Pilot Study
Authors: McKinlay Eileen , Brown Melanie , Wallace Debbie , Morris Caroline , Garnett Amanda , Gray Ben
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To date, few interprofessional education initiatives have included just medicine and pharmacy learners. This research sought to explore learners’ and facilitators’ views of an interprofessional education medicines pilot study involving medical students and pharmacy interns. Methods: Qualitative feedback was gathered from the participating learners and a facilitator focus group was undertaken. Results: Medical student and pharmacy intern learners reported enjoying taking part and found the simulation and overall initiative to be authentic. They described learning most about each other’s roles and responsibilities and about teamwork, collaborative management, and collaboration. Some logistical improvements were suggested. The facilitators judged that the topic of medicines, with medical and pharmacy learners taking part, to be a match made in heaven. Conclusions: Medical student and pharmacy intern learners found the medicines topic and discipline grouping facilitated their learning. Some topics and groups of disciplines are ideally matched for IPE and such a nexus should be capitalised upon.
A Pilot Study Using Asynchronous Case Discussion and Reflection to Provide Interprofessional Education to Physician Assistant and Physical Therapy Students
Authors: McCallister Erin , Weidman-Evans Emily
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects an asynchronous interprofessional education (IPE) activity had on graduate healthcare students’ beliefs regarding IPE, as measured by the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS). Methods: All first-year physician assistant and physical therapy students participated in a collaborative four-week online case discussion. Students who consented to participate in the research component filled out a pre- and post-activity RIPLS questionnaire. Responses were matched by an individualized, student-generated number to protect students’ identity. Only matched scores were analyzed. Results: The total score as well as the Teamwork and Professional Identity sub-scales were analyzed for pre-post changes using the paired t-test. The Roles and Responsibilities sub-scale was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, due to a non-normal data distribution. A significant change (a=0.05) in score was found only in the Roles and Responsibilities sub-scale. Secondary outcomes indicate that a high proportion of the students felt the objectives of the activity were met. Conclusions: Significant changes were found on only one sub-scale of the RIPLS. Therefore, asynchronous IPE delivery does not change graduate healthcare students’ readiness for IPE. The participants felt the activity met its objectives, which indicates that asynchronous IPE delivery may be a viable technique in this population. Future studies should examine the difference between asynchronous and live IPE on the outcomes noted in this pilot study.
Occupational Therapy in Primary Care -- Barriers, Pivots, and Outcomes: A pilot study
Authors: Dahl-Popolizio Sue , Roman Gretchen Anne , Trembath Felicia , Doebbeling Bradley , Concha-Chavez Alyssa
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Habits, roles, and routines are important behaviors that affect lifestyle and can lead to the development of chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus. Primary care physicians (PCPs) have limited time, suggesting an interprofessional team approach would be beneficial in helping patients modify behaviors for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. Occupational therapists (OTs) specialize in addressing health behaviors, and literature supports including OTs on the primary care team to improve the self-management techniques of patients with chronic disease. This study was guided by Lifestyle Redesign®, an evidence-based program that addresses the health behaviors of patients with diabetes in primary care. We aimed to improve health outcomes by combining an OT-led lifestyle modification program with patient-centered treatment recommendations from an external interprofessional team. We hypothesized that the health outcomes of patients with diabetes in primary care would improve after participating in an OT-led interprofessional lifestyle modification program, and that reimbursement for services would be obtainable. Method: Two PCPs in community practice initially agreed to involve an OT on their primary care team. Due to reimbursement concerns, the PCPs later preferred to refer patients to receive the OT-led intervention at an offsite clinic, rather than onsite at the primary care practice. Health outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention using industry standard assessments and biometrics. Descriptive and non-parametric statistics were used to evaluate change. Results: Thirty-one patients with diabetes were referred, and three (9.7%) participated in the offsite lifestyle modification program. While statistical significance was not achieved (p≥0.10), trends toward individual improvement were noted for occupational performance and satisfaction and empowerment, and reimbursement was received from the third-party payers. Conclusions: Patient participation in this study was consistent with participation rates for offsite behavioral health referrals. An offsite OT-led interprofessional lifestyle modification program demonstrated potential for meaningful change and services were reimbursed. These findings support practice redesign efforts to include OTs as part of an integrated primary care model. Offering onsite services will increase patient accessibility to care and improve referral completion rates, thus providing OTs the opportunity to further demonstrate the efficacy of delivering chronic disease management in primary care.
Transformative Potential of Peer-Research: Connecting Theory with Practice
Authors: Caragata Lea , Vasic Jen
Published: September 2021

In this article, we report on follow-up research to the “Lone Mothers: Building Social Inclusion” project, a cross-Canada study which utilized a Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology to investigate the experiences of single mothers on social assistance in a changing socio-political context. We analyzed the study’s peer-interviewing approach in detail. Findings suggest that PAR theory was applied in the Lone Mothers project in ways that cultivated and sustained authentic relationships, contributed to individual and social change, and minimized hierarchy. The effects of this commitment to the epistemology and values of PAR led to a non-linear and organic research process yielding high quality data. We contribute to PAR literature and the utilization of peer-interviewers through scrutinizing this methodology’s potential and challenges. We contend that PAR’s greatest transformative potential might come from building authentic and transformative relationships within research processes that facilitate robust data collection and divergent and innovative analytic perspectives.
«Perú, madrastra de tus hijos» (Historia general del Perú, I, XXXVIII):
una nota filológica y la fortuna de una frase en la cultura peruana
Authors: Rodríguez Mansilla Fernando
Published: September 2021

Este trabajo se propone explicar el sentido de una frase del Inca Garcilaso («Perú, madrastra de tus hijos y madre de los ajenos») en la Historia general del Perú (libro I, cap. XXXVIII), la cual ha sido desatendida y, a menudo, leída erróneamente por desconocimiento de los usos literarios de la lengua del Siglo de Oro. Luego de establecer el sentido y la función que cumple la frase en el texto de Garcilaso, el trabajo explora el significado que se le ha otorgado en el Perú contemporáneo a través de varios usos que revelan pulsiones políticas y sociales.
Lunfardismos y jergas peruanas; un viaje de ida vuelta
Authors: Calvo Pérez Julio
Published: September 2021

En este artículo, se analiza la relación entre el lunfardo y las jergas peruanas. Se advierte el profundo y variado intercambio de voces entre dos dialectos sociales marginados, aunque aquel se produzca incluso entre dos países distintos. Uno de los fenómenos que comparten las dos variedades es el del vesre y otro, el
recurso a préstamos de una lengua B desde la perspectiva sociolingüística como es el quechua o los dialectos del italiano de los emigrantes europeos en Argentina, que abona léxico «fresco» a un campo asociativo verdaderamente poblado. Por otra parte, se complementa la relación entre ambos fenómenos con los resultados históricos del análisis de las jergas en el Perú del último
siglo, que han abierto camino en ellos, dada la dificultad de entender un fenómeno tan complejo como este, en que se tejen argot, replana y otras jergas en un mismo campo de creatividad semántica.
Las visitas a Cajamarca de 1571-1572 y 1578 como fuente para los estudios lingüísticos
Authors: Andrade Ciudad Luis
Published: September 2021

En 1992 se publicaron, en dos tomos, las visitas a Cajamarca de
1571-1572 y 1578, que contienen información social, demográfica
y onomástica de importancia para la historia lingüística de los Andes norperuanos. Si bien la edición se concentró en el minucioso registro de los indígenas de Bambamarca, Pomamarca y Chondal realizado por los visitadores, no se incluyó el expediente completo en la publicación. En este artículo, me propongo describir brevemente el contenido de las partes faltantes, que permiten entender mejor el contexto en que las visitas se desarrollaron. Asimismo, muestro que la fuente de dicha publicación constituye un traslado de otro documento por el momento desconocido y, tomando en cuenta esto último, sopeso las ventajas y limitaciones de estas visitas como fuente para los estudios sobre lingüística histórica en los Andes.
Carlos Germán Belli y los dos paraísos
Authors: Martos Carrera Marco
Published: September 2021

Hace algún tiempo, celebrando el libro de Carlos Germán Belli Los dioses domésticos y otras páginas de 2012, enhebramos la suposición de que el poeta, como su amigo Eugenio Montejo, había atravesado un siglo, el XX, a salvo de las ideologías y las banderías que suelen dividir a veces de manera artificial a los seres humanos. Siguiendo con esa reflexión, compartiendo ese punto de vista, volvemos a evocar a Montejo, para ofrecer luego otras reflexiones que nos sitúen a Belli en el actual momento de la vida de los
seres humanos.
Heavy metal constituent of medicinal plants: a case study of Moringa oleifera Lam. from selected areas in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Lartey Michael , Frimpong-Manso Samuel , Osei Banahene Prince , Addo-Lartey Adolphina , Okine Nathaniel N A , Boamah Daniel , Mohammed Awan AR
Published: September 2021

Background: Anthropogenic activities release metals into the environment that could be absorbed by plants and assimilate into herbal medicines.

Objective: This study sought to correlate the outcome of anthropogenic activities that release metals into the environment with levels of metals in medicinal plants using the leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. (M. oleifera)as a case study.

Methods: Leaves of M. oleifera and soil around sampled plants were collected from three locations in the Accra Metropolis: a commercial area, an area with dense vehicular traffic, and a quasi-natural habitat. Samples were analyzed with Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectroscopy for the presence and levels of arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn). Statistical analyses were performed and the correlation between metal concentrations in leaves and soil was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results: Levels of metals in the leaves and soil samples varied with the site of sample collection. Levels of metals in leaves were significantly lower than permissible limits (p< 0.05) in herbal medicines. Translocation factor (TF) estimates indicated that the M. oleifera leaves exclude the metals under investigation irrespective of the site of collection. However, the TF > 1 in the case of Zn from the quasi-natural habitat signifying bioaccumulation in the leaves. Except forCo, the total concentration of each metal in the soil was not correlated with its concentration in the leaves.

Conclusion: The concentration of sampled metals in the leaves and soil varied with the site of sampling and potentially with the anthropogenic activities that release metals into that environment.
Business Travel GHG Emissions Analysis: Factors, Tools, and Cases for Calculating GHG Emissions and Setting Science-Based Targets for Organizations
Authors: McCain Maria , Dowd Allison , Salzer Dan , Toothaker Erin , Xu Shengyin
Published: September 2021

Air travel is an increasing source of global GHG emissions, yet still many organizations have struggled to reduce business travel activity. Originating out of the COVID-19 pandemic and global travel restrictions, this working paper is part of a series addressing business travel reduction opportunities. This paper discusses how various organizations can and have conducted GHG emissions measurement on air travel, set science-based reduction targets, and improved accuracy and efficiency of data over time.
Evolving Role of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Light Chain Amyloidosis in the Modern Era
Authors: Baljevic Muhamed
Published: September 2021

Muhamed Baljevic, MD, considers the role of autologous stem cell transplantation for light chain amyloidosis in a peer perspective accompanying an article by Iuliana Vaxman, MD, and Angela Dispenzieri, MD.
EĞİTİM KURUMLARINDAKİ ÖRGÜTSEL SESSİZLİK VE SESLİLİĞE İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN ALGILARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: MOÇOŞOĞLU Banu , KAYA Ahmet
Published: September 2021

Amaç:Bu araştırmada öğretmenlerin örgütsel sessizlik ve seslilik algılarının ne düzeyde olduğu ile bu algılarının çeşitli demografik değişkenler açısından anlamlı farklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığının tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntem:Araştırmanın evrenini 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında Şanlıurfa ilinin merkez ilçelerindeki kamu kurumlarının tüm kademelerinde çalışan öğretmenler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise 527 öğretmendir. Araştırmaya katılanlara yanıtlanmak üzere demografik bilgilerin yer aldığı “Kişisel Bilgiler Formu” ile Van Dyne vd. (2003) tarafından geliştirilmiş olup Erdoğan (2011) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması yapılan “Örgütsel Sessizlik Ölçeği” verilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda gerekli olan analizlerin yapılmasında SPSS 22.0 programından yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım sergilememesinden dolayı non-parametrik testlerden ikili gruplarda Mann-Whitney U testi; ikiden fazla grubun olduğu durumlarda Kruskal-Wallis H testi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular:Bulgulara göre öğretmenlerin sessizlik ve seslilik düzeyleri “Kararsızım” düzeyi olarak bulunmuştur. Demografik değişkenlere bakıldığında medeni durum ve sendika üyeliği değişkenlerinde anlamlı düzeyde bir farklılık bulunmazken; cinsiyet, okul türü ve mesleki kıdem değişkenlerinde anlamlı düzeyde farklılıkların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özgünlük:Eğitim kurumlarında hem sessizliğin hem de sesliliğin aynı anda çalışıldığı az sayıda çalışma yer alması nedeniyle bu araştırma önemli görülmektedir.
PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR OSCILLATORY SYSTEMS
Authors: Matevosyan Ashot A. , Matevosyan Aram G.
Published: September 2021

Simple harmonic motion was investigated of a rotational oscillating system. The effect of dumping and forcing on motion of the system was examined and measurements were taken. Resonance in a oscillating system was investigated and quality factor of the dumping system was measured at different damping forces using three different methods. Resonance curves were constructed at two different damping forces. A probabilistic model was built and system parameters were estimated from the resonance curves using Stan sampling platform. The quality factor of the oscillating system when the additional dumping was turned off was estimated to be $Q = \num{71 \pm 1}$ and natural frequency $\omega_0 = \num{3.105 \pm 0.008}\, \si{\per\second}$.
Immediate outcomes of simultaneous and step-by-step reconstruction of aortic dissection: a single-center study
Authors: Soborov M. A. , Kanadashvili O. V. , Belykh E. N. , Baranov K. S.
Published: September 2021

The aim. To evaluate the immediate outcomes after complete single-stage or step-by-step reconstruction of the primary and secondary distal aortic dissection using implantation of bare metal stents in the thoracoabdominal aorta.

Materials and methods. A prospective study was performed involving 21 patients (19 male) with aortic dissection: 8 had secondary distal dissection (group 1) and 13 had primary distal dissection (group 2). In all patients, indications for intervention were signs of malperfusion in one or more vascular regions. The following factors were evaluated: 30-day survival after surgery, causes of fatal outcomes, frequency and characteristics of non-fatal complications.

Results. The average age in group 1 was 43.0 ± 3.1 years, in group 2: 56.0 ± 3.9 years (p < 0.05). The most common cause of dissection in group 1 was connective tissue dysplasia, in group 2 – atherosclerosis in combination with arterial hypertension (p < 0.05). In group 1, 1 (13%) lethal outcome was registered, in group 2 – 4 (31%), the difference between the groups was not significant. Lethal complications were: multiple organ failure, stent implantation in the false aortic canal, aortic rupture, and thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery. Non-fatal complications developed in group 1 in 3 (38%), in group 2 – in 3 (23%) patients, the difference between the groups is not significant. Among the non-lethal complications, malperfusion of the upper and lower extremities was diagnosed, requiring stent placement, prosthetics or bypass surgery; cerebrospinal circulation disorder, acute cerebrovascular accident, multiple organ failure, conservatively treated.

Conclusion. The survival rate for 30 days after a complete single-stage or step-by-step reconstruction of the primary and secondary distal aortic dissection using implantation of bare metal stents in the thoracoabdominal aorta is 76%, the frequency of non – fatal complications is 28%.
Studies and research design in medicine
Authors: Bulanov N. M. , Blyuss O. B. , Munblit D. B. , Nekliudov N. A. , Butnaru D. V. , Kodzoeva K. B. , Nadinskaya M. Yu. , Zaikin A. A.
Published: September 2021

Adequate design is an essential condition for conducting a successful study. This review describes the most common types of research design in medicine. We discuss the differences between different types of observational and interventional studies, their advantages and limitations providing examples for each study design. The concept of bias and its potential sources in different studies are covered. We suggest the most suitable approaches to study design for different research objectives and outline approaches to data presentation. During the last decades, several guidelines for conducting and reporting different types of research were proposed and they are also covered in this manuscript.
Tumour microenvironment markers in spontaneous and induced incubation of breast cancer biopsies
Authors: Gergenreter Yu. S. , Zakharova N. B. , Morozova O. L.
Published: September 2021

Aim. To study the spontaneous and stimulated production of cytokines in biopsies of breast cancer (BC) depending on the cancer stage.

Materials and methods. An experimental study was carried out with cell cultures of breast cancer biopsies of stages I–II (group 1, n = 15) and III–IV stages (group 2, n = 15). The control consisted of 6 healthy women who underwent mastopexy. We used enzyme immunoassay method to access spontaneous and induced by a complex of polyclonal activators (PA: phytohemagglutinin 4 μg / ml, concanavalin A 4 μg / ml, lipopolysaccharide 2 μg / ml) concentration of TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF, MCP-1, TGF-β1. The index of the effect of polyclonal activators (IVPA) on cytokine production (induced production / spontaneous production) was calculated. To compare groups, the Mann-Whitney test and the median test, the chi-square test and the Fisher’s exact test were used.

Results. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ in age, histological variant and immunohistochemical type of tumour, predominantly invasive cancer without signs of specificity prevailed. In group 2, a pronounced vascularization was more often observed: in 6 (40%) patients versus 1 (7%) in group 1 (p < 0.05). In both groups, compared with the control, there was a statistically sig-nificant (p < 0.05) increase in spontaneous production of TNF-α by 4.2 and 4.8 times, MCP-1 by 6.7 and 6.3 times, TGF-β1 – 2.2 and 2.5 times, VEGF 11.9 and 14.6 times; GM-CSF 15.6 and 13.4 times, G-CSF 96.8 and 79.5 times, respectively. The concentration of MCP-1 and IFN-γ was higher in group 1 (p < 0.05), VEGF and TGF-β1 – in group 2 (p < 0.05). IVPA in group 2 exceeded similar values   in group 1 for G-CSF, VEGF, TGF-β1 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. The production of cytokines (TNF-α, MCP-1, GM-CSF, G-CSF, VEGF, TGF-β1) in breast cancer biopsies is significantly higher than in biopsies of the unchanged mammary gland and depends on the stage of the tumour process.
Leadership of the School Principal in Shaping Early Childhood Characters: A Literature Review
Authors:   Student of Education Administration, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, Karo Rama Karo
Published: September 2021

This research to know the leadership of the headmaster in shaping the character of early childhood. The review process begins with a search engine (Google Scholar) to search for articles. The results of the study mostly show that principal leadership is one of the alternative ways to build the character integrated in the school policy, with the inclusion of the character values of environmental concern, religion, autonomy, love of homeland, courtesy and courtesy into learning. To create Indonesia’s golden generation all elements of society must contribute to supporting each government program to improve the quality of Indonesian people by improving character education.
Perceived Health Concerns During COVID 19 Crisis Amongst Jamaicans
Authors:   Medical officer, Miracle Medical Centre, St. Thomas, Jamaica, Prasad MBBS, MPH Sukanya
Published: September 2021

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global crisis affecting several countries, including Jamaica. The risk perception of a crisis is shaped by both real hazards and perceived threats. Therefore, a cross-sectional research survey was conducted in August 2020 to evaluate Jamaicans' perceived health concerns during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional randomized online questionnaire survey was sent to a total of 268 participants. As a result, 92 people (34%) responded to the online questionnaire survey in August 2020, and SPSS analyzed the data. Results and Discussion: Out of 92 respondents, 78% were females, 22% were males, and more than 70% of participants were over 35 yrs. old. 52% of participants perceived the country was not prepared for a crisis such as COVID-19. The biggest concerns during this crisis were family health (39%), economic hardship (28%), societal health (20%), and personal health (13%). In personal health, the majority of Jamaicans were concerned about physical and mental health during this crisis. Conclusion: The responding and understanding of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are functions of both natural threats and perceived risks. The interaction of physical health and risk perception is complex and dependent on understanding the crisis, uncertainty, and destructive potential. The results suggest a crisis burden on mental health in addition to physical health; therefore, an effective campaign should be planned to prevent a deepening mental health crisis. This research study suggests a potential burden on societal health in healthcare delivery systems and other public health services. The awareness program should be promoted to motivate and help the Jamaicans to handle the crisis. The policymakers should consider working with government, science, and faith-based institutions to develop a multidisciplinary framework to control the COVID-19 pandemic's negative impact on Jamaican society.
Post-operative endophthalmitis after immediate sequential bilateral cataract Surgery: a retrospective study from Pakistan.
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Abdul Rehman , Hussain Syed Zohaib Maroof , Irfan Jeeva
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of post-operative complications after immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBSC) in Pakistan, a low-middle income country. Methods: This is a 10-year retrospective study including all consecutive patients who underwent ISBCS between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2018 at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. We identified potential patients through the procedure coding system of the hospital. A structured proforma was used to collect information. The inclusion criterion was bilateral cataract extraction without any additional secondary procedures. Patients who underwent a planned additional procedure on the operated eye on the same day, such as phaco combined with vitrectomy, corneal graft, or glaucoma surgery, were excluded. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of endophthalmitis. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0, IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: We identified 352 patients through the coding system of our hospital who underwent ISBCS from January 2009 to December 2018. A total of 298 patients (596 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 33.14±25.83 years. Participants were divided into two  age groups:  <16 (39.26 %) years and  >16 (60.73)  years of age. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from -0.5650±8.2027 to -0.0043+4.05. Among 596 eyes, we found no case of post-operative endophthalmitis after ISBCS.
Conclusions: ISBCS is a safe procedure in selected patients undergoing cataract surgery in a low-middle income country.
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Association between intestinal helminthic infections and anaemia status in preschool children in the district Skardu of Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Faisal Afridi  , Kulsoom Farhat  , Zaheer Ahmed  , Hajra Ahmed  , Shabana Ali  , Mehwish Nawaz Qaisrani
Published: September 2021

Objective:  This study has been aimed to evaluate the prevalence of parasitic infections and evaluate the correlation between intestinal helminth infection and the anemia status of pre-school children in the District Skardu of Pakistan.
Methodology: A community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional analysis was carried out on 300 pre-school children of the district of Skardu. Demographical data was obtained through the structured questionnaire. The stool sample was collected and examined for intestinal parasites at pathology department of healthcare facility in Skardu. Blood Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured from blood sample and anemia was defined as blood Hb <11 g/dL. The data was analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Out of a total of 300 children, 161 (i.e. 53.67%) were found infected and 139 (i.e. 46.33%) were found to be infection free. The overall parasite prevalence was: Ascaris Lumbricoides (22.33%), Cryptosporidium (14%) and Hymenolepis Nana and Giardia (9.3% and 8%) respectively. The 20% preschool children infested with Ascaris Lumbricoides, 13.7% infested with Cryptosporidium, 8.0% and 7.7% infested with Giardia and Hymenolepis Nana were mostly anemic. 15.3% preschool children with no parasite infestation were also found anemic.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of these parasitic infections in the pre-school children in Skardu, where they also present with anemia. If there is a realization that these infections effect the Hb levels, then intervention programs be conducted, bringing more awareness about their control and advocating iron supplementation.
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MOLLA SADRETTİN YÜKSEL VE TEFSİR ANLAYIŞI
Authors: ALTIN Mehmet
Published: September 2021

İslam medeniyeti kurulduğu günden beri kurduğu sayısız eğitim kurumlarında nice âlim ve bilgin şahsiyetler yetiştirmiştir. 20. Yüzyılda Cumhuriyet dönemi Türkiye’sinde yetişen âlimlerden birisi de Molla Sadrettin Yüksel’dir. 1920 yılında doğan Molla Sadrettin, aslen Bitlis’in Adilcevaz ilçesinden olup 11-12 yaşlarında Arapça tedrisata başlar. Norşin, Ohin ve Baykan’ın Havil köyünde okuyarak medrese eğitimini tamamlar ve Norşin medresesine dönüp orada ders vermeye başlar. 1958 yılında Siirt’in Baykan ilçesine müftü olarak atanır. Kısa bir müddet sonra bu görevden istifa eder ve tekrar Norşin medresesine döner. 1966 yılında ailesiyle beraber İstanbul’a göç eder. İstanbul’a yerleştikten sonra 1996 yılına kadar ulum-i diniyye ile ilgili özel dersler verir. Türkçe, Arapça, Kürtçe ve Farsça bilen Molla Sadrettin 25 Aralık 2004 yılında vefat eder. Molla Sadrettin, farklı alanlarda bir kısmı yayınlanmış bir kısmı da hala yayınlanmamış Türkçe ve Arapça irili ufaklı 33 eser kaleme alır. Bu eserleri arasında Haşiye ‘Ala Tefsiri İşârâti’l-İ’caz fî Mezani’l-İcâz ile Fatiha Sûresinin Meâli ve Tefsiri de vardır. Bu iki çalışma onun Tefsir ilmindeki vukufiyetini ve tefsir anlayışını göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Biz bu makalemizde söz konusu âlimimiz Molla Sadrettin Yüksel’in hayatı ve ilmi kişiliği ile tefsir anlayışını konu edineceğiz.
Research on build exercises that integrate knowledge to solve practical problems in teaching high school students
Authors: Trang Le Thi Thu , Na Nguyen Thi , Lanh Hoang Thi , Mai Van Hung
Published: September 2021

Based on one of the viewpoints of building the Biology curriculum, which is integrated education and sustainable development education, helps students strengthen and develop the competency to mobilize and apply integrated knowledge, skills in many different fields to effectively solve problems in study and their’ life. Practical problems in teaching Biology are very diverse, associated with daily life and related to other subjects such as environmental protection, health care, response to the Covid-19 epidemic. ..... The article proposes the process of designing and using integrated practice exercises in teaching Biology in high school in order to develop students' competency to solve practical problems
Understanding Higher Education: Alternative Perspectives
Authors: Boughey Chrissie , McKenna Sioux
Published: September 2021

Drawing on the South African case, this book looks at shifts in higher education around the world in the last two decades. In South Africa, calls for transformation have been heard in the university since the last days of apartheid. Similar claims for quality higher education to be made available to all have been made across the African continent. In spite of this, inequalities remain and many would argue that these have been exacerbated during the Covid pandemic.

Understanding

Higher Education: Alternative Perspectives
responds to these calls by arguing for a social account of teaching and learning by contesting dominant understandings of students as ‘decontextualised learners’ premised on the idea that the university is a meritocracy. This book tackles the issue of teaching and learning by looking both within and beyond the classroom. It looks at how higher education policies emerged from the notion of the knowledge economy in the newly democratic South Africa, and how national qualification frameworks and other processes brought the country more closely into conversation with the global order. The effects of this on staffing and curriculum structures are considered alongside a proposition for alternative ways of understanding the role of higher education in society.
Magyar Nemzeti Bank: Markáns beruházási fordulat gyorsítja a növekedést
Authors: Balatoni András
Published: September 2021

A GDP jelentős gyorsulására számítunk az idei évben a beruházások két számjegyű növekedése miatt. A privát beruházásokat az emelkedő belső kereslet, a historikus mélyponton lévő kamatkörnyezet, valamint a jegybanki programok hatására oldódó hitelezési korlátok is támogatják. Az egyedi nagyberuházások szintén érdemben bővítik a bruttó állóeszköz-felhalmozást, emellett a lakáspiac várt felpörgése is növekedési impulzust ad a gazdaságnak. Az EU-s pénzek effektív lehívása és az állam saját forrásból finanszírozott beruházásai szintén jelentősen emelkednek a tavalyi alacsony bázishoz képest. Mindez azonban továbbra is alacsony, GDP-arányosan 1,6–2 százalék közötti eredményszemléletű költségvetési deficit mellett valósul meg, mindeközben az adósságráta az elkövetkező három évben változatlanul csökkenő pályán halad. Az emelkedő jövedelmek, a magas szinten stabilizálódó lakossági bizalom és a felhalmozott, historikusan magas nettó pénzügyi vagyon következtében a fogyasztás tavalyi évihez hasonló bővülésére számítunk. Az export a törékeny külső környezet miatt csak visszafogottan élénkül, szemben az import belső kereslet által vezérelt magas dinamikájával. A nettó export hozzájárulása a GDP-hez negatívvá válik, a folyó fizetési mérleg többlete pedig megfeleződik. Ezen a téren 2018- tól számíthatunk fordulatra, amikor az idei beruházások lassan termőre fordulnak, és a kiépített kapacitások emelik exportpiaci részesedésünket. Az inflációban rövid távon a bázishatások eredményeznek némi változékonyságot, míg középtávon a maginfláció fokozatos emelkedésére számítunk. A dinamikus fogyasztásbővülés és az enyhén növekvő nyersanyagárak támogatják az infláció emelkedését, ezzel szemben a visszafogott inflációs várakozások, a béremelések hatását tompító járulék- és társaságiadó-csökkentés, a célszint alatti eurózónás infláció összességében azt eredményezik, hogy a jegybank csak 2018 első felében éri el fenntarthatóan a 3 százalékos célját.
Görögország államadósság-válsága kezelésének jövőbeli jogi és közgazdasági akadályai – a privatizáció mennyiben lehet megoldás?
Authors: Török László
Published: September 2021

Egy állam szuverén bruttó államadósságának megengedhető mértékére nincs szabály sem a jogban, sem pedig a közgazdaságtanban. Talán, ha lett volna ilyen, Görögország nem került volna arra a kritikus finanszírozási plafonra, ahol több mint egy évtizede van. A cikk röviden bemutatja, hogyan jutott ide Görögország, milyen a hitelezőkkel egyeztetett és általuk támogatott lépéseket tett államadóssága finanszírozhatóságának fenntarthatósága érdekében, s azok milyen eredményre vezettek. Előzőnél részletesebben taglalja a szerző azt, hogy milyen kényszerű intézményi változások kezdődtek el a közelmúlt éveiben és vannak folyamatban napjainkban (köztük a privatizáció dinamizálása) azért, hogy a görög állam fizetőképessége fennmaradjon úgy, hogy közben államadóssága csökken. Erre a szerző által felvázolt társadalmi-gazdasági környezetben minimális esély mutatkozik, csökkenés elérhető, mértéke azonban nem tűnik elégségesnek. Zárógondolatként fogalmazódik meg az, hogy társadalmi konszenzus hiányában a görög intézményi reformok véghezvitele igencsak kétséges, valamint hogy – görög példa alapján – a jogalkotóknak talán el kellene gondolkodniuk egy önálló állami csődjog megalkotásán annak érdekében, hogy a befektetők/hitelezők által a szuverén államokkal megkötött hitelszerződések jogi kikényszeríthetősége biztosított legyen.