bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genre classification of student mobile video created in Russian as a foreign language classes
Authors: Prosvirkina Irina Ivanovna , Frolova Anastasia Mikhailovna
Published: December 2024

The research aims to describe and classify “units of the learning process” created by foreign learners in Russian language classes based on universal parameters. The article examines a possible categorization of creative video products created by foreign medical students within a new technology during Russian language classes and extracurricular activities. The research novelty lies in the first-ever proposed description and classification of video products created by foreign students preparing for clinical practice using a scientifically-grounded technology for constructing student mobile video. As a result of describing and specifying creative video products, the authors propose a linguodidactic genre classification based on the degree of realism or surrealism of the material underlying the student mobile video.
A Conversational Intelligent Assistant for Enhanced Operational Support in Floodplain Management with Multimodal Data
Authors: Pursnani Vinay , Sermet Muhammed , Demir Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

Floodplain management is crucial for mitigating flood risks and enhancing community resilience, yet floodplain managers often face significant challenges, including the complexity of data analysis, regulatory compliance, and effective communication with diverse stakeholders. This study introduces Floodplain Manager AI, an innovative artificial intelligence (AI) based virtual assistant designed to support floodplain managers in their decision-making processes and operations. Utilizing advanced large language models and semantic search techniques, the AI Assistant provides accurate, location-specific guidance tailored to the unique regulatory environments of different states. It is capable of interpreting Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood maps through multimodal capabilities, allowing users to understand complex visual data and its implications for flood risk assessment. The AI Assistant also simplifies access to comprehensive floodplain management resources, enabling users to quickly find relevant information and streamline their workflows. Experimental evaluations demonstrated substantial improvements in accuracy and relevance of the AI Assistant’s response, underscoring its effectiveness in addressing the specific needs of floodplain managers. By facilitating informed decision-making and promoting proactive measures, Floodplain Manager AI aims to enhance flood risk mitigation operations and support sustainable community development in the context of increasing flood events driven by climate change. Ultimately, this research highlights the transformative potential of AI technologies in improving floodplain management practices and fostering community resilience.
A simplified physics model for estimating subsurface CO2 storage resources constrained ‎by fault slip potential
Authors: Kivi Iman , De Simone Silvia , Krevor Sam
Published: December 2024

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) at rates of several gigatonnes (Gt) per year may be needed ‎to mitigate climate change. However, one major uncertainty is that the risk of injection-induced ‎earthquakes may grow with this scale of deployment. In this work, we develop a tool, named ‎CO2BLOCKSEISM, which uses simplified physics models to screen subsurface storage ‎resources constrained by fault slip potential at regional scales. The tool relies on (1) analytical ‎solutions of the pressure response of saline aquifers to multi-site CO2 injection at time-varying ‎rates and (2) a Monte Carlo-type probabilistic model for evaluating the probability of fault slip ‎incorporating uncertainties in geomechanical variables at the basin scale. Integration of the two ‎modules yields the temporal evolution of slip probability for mapped faults. We validate the ‎approach against seismic activity in Oklahoma caused by basin-wide, low-pressure subsurface ‎wastewater disposal at equivalent rates to large-scale CCS. We show that CO2BLOCKSEISM ‎can capture key features of induced seismicity in this region. We apply the methodology to the ‎southern Utsira Formation, Norway. We find approximately 12.5 Gt CO2 can be stored in this ‎region over 50 years of continuous injection while maintaining the stability of major faults that ‎could otherwise induce felt earthquakes. The use of fault-slip potential as a limiting condition ‎may enable a more restrictive and realistic estimate of the potential for rates of scale-up for ‎CO2 storage regionally and globally.‎
Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for Longwall Coal Mines
Authors: Chambers Derrrick , Ankamah Alexander , Tourei Ahmad , Martin Eileen , Dean Tim , Shragge Jeffrey , Hole John , Czarny Rafal , Goldswain Gareth , du Toit Jako , Boltz Shawn , McGuiness James
Published: December 2024

Seismic monitoring of underground longwall mines can provide valuable information for managing coal burst risks and understanding the ground response to extraction. However, the underground longwall mine environment poses major challenges for traditional in-mine microseismic sensors including the restricted use of electronics due to potentially explosive atmospheres, the need to frequently and quickly relocate sensors as rapid mining progresses, and source parameter errors associated with complex time-dependent velocity structure. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), a technology that uses rapid laser pulses to measure strain along fiber optic cables, shows the potential to alleviate these shortcomings and improve seismic monitoring in coal mines. This work demonstrates several DAS deployment strategies such as deploying fiber on the mine floor, in boreholes drilled from the surface and from mine level, on the longwall mining equipment, and wrapped around secondary support cans. This paper also discusses some of the data processing and deployment improvements that could help DAS-based monitoring become routine in underground longwall mines. Because DAS applications in coal mines are just now emerging, the findings presented here will aid decision makers in assessing the potential of DAS to meet their needs and help guide future DAS deployment designs in underground coal mines.
The impact of a monthly unconditional cash transfer on child brain activity: A 4-year follow-up
Authors: Troller-Renfree Sonya V. , Costanzo Molly A. , Duncan Greg J. , Magnuson Katherine , Gennetian Lisa A. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Black Sarah , Karhson Debra S. , Georgieff Michael D. , Nelson Jennifer M , Nelson Timothy , Fox Nathan , Noble Kimberly G.
Published: December 2024

Early childhood poverty is associated with neurodevelopmental differences, but causal evidence linking income to brain development is sparse. In the present study, we examine whether four years of monthly unconditional cash transfers to mothers experiencing low income cause differences in their preschoolers’ brain activity. Shortly after giving birth, mothers were randomized to receive $333/month or $20/month. We find no impact on our primary preregistered outcome (an aggregated index of mid-to-high-frequency brain activity) or our secondary preregistered outcome frontal gamma power. In additional analyses that were part of our pre-registered analytic plan, we find that preschoolers in the high-cash gift group have higher alpha power than those in the low-cash gift group, but no differences in theta, beta, or gamma power. These findings suggest monthly unconditional cash transfers may have impacts on children’s alpha power during the preschool years, although this evidence needs further investigation and replication.
Detecting model misfit in structural equation modeling with machine learning—a proof of concept
Authors: Partsch Melanie Viola , Goretzko David
Published: December 2024

Despite the popularity of structural equation modeling in psychological research,accurately evaluating the fit of these models to data is still challenging. Using fixed fitindex cutoffs is error-prone due to the fit indices’ dependence on various features of themodel and data (“nuisance parameters”). Nonetheless, applied researchers mostly rely onfixed fit index cutoffs, neglecting the risk of falsely accepting (or rejecting) their model.With the goal of developing a broadly applicable method that is almost independent ofnuisance parameters, we introduce a machine learning (ML)-based approach to evaluatethe fit of multi-factorial measurement models. We trained an ML model based on 173model and data features that we extracted from 1,323,866 simulated data sets and modelsfitted by means of confirmatory factor analysis (i.e., training observations). We evaluatedthe performance of the ML model based on 1,659,386 test observations unseen duringmodel training. The ML model performed very well in detecting model (mis-)fit in themajority of conditions, thereby outperforming the fixed fit index cutoffs by Hu and Bentler(1999) across the board. Only minor misspecifications—single neglected residualcorrelations (and cross-loadings), in particular—proved to be challenging to detect. Fromthis proof-of-concept study we conclude that ML is very promising in the context of modelfit evaluation.
Care for thy neighbor. A study of neighbors’ caregiving intentions by likelihood of reciprocity and previous caregiving experience in the Netherlands
Authors: Ramaekers Marlou , Raiber Klara
Published: December 2024

Given in the increase in share of older people as well as the decrease in family size, it can be expected that more and more informal care will fall onto the shoulders of non-kin, such as neighbors. Currently, neighbors rarely provide informal care and knowledge on their characteristics and motivations is limited. Our study advances our knowledge of neighbor caregivers by examining the impact of anticipated reciprocity and previous (negative) caregiving experience. Combining retrospective and factorial survey data on caregiving, we show that people have higher intentions to provide care to a neighbor when likelihood of reciprocity is high (compared to low), and that prior caregiving experience is irrelevant for intentions to provide care to neighbors. However, our study suggests that the impact of reciprocity may depend on previous caregiving experience; having actual caregiving experience overrides expectations regarding the general norm of reciprocity, but only if the previous caregiver did not experience caregiver burden. With these results, the study indicates that neighbors can form potential safety net for those who cannot rely on their family members for care.
Aerobic Dance Circuit Training Improves Body Fat Percentage of Obese Female College Undergraduates
Authors: Ajayi Olusegun Adewale , Moses Monday Omoniyi
Published: December 2024

Although the efficacy of aerobic dance has been reported, further insight into the influence of aerobic dance circuit training will provide specific therapy to tame obesity pandemic. Therefore, this study establishes that aerobic dance and circuit-training program (ADCT) improves the body fat percentage of obese female College of Education (COE) students while moderating for age and class of obesity. The study adopted the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design. Seventy obese female undergraduate students (mean age = 21.10±2.46 years) of two COE were purposively selected.  The obesity percentage distribution of the participants was class 1 (21.4%), class 2 (60.0%), class 3 (17.1%) and class 4 (1.4%). The participants were randomly assigned to ADCT (N=35) and control (N=35) groups. ADCT lasted 12 weeks, three days (evening), and 40 minutes per session. Body fat percentage was measured pre and post in two groups. Data were analysed using Cochran Q test and Analysis of covariance at 0.05 level of significance. There was significant mean difference in pre-and post-ADCT value of body fat percentage (16.89±4.10>14.96±3.70). There was no significant 3-way interaction effect between Treatment, Age and Class of obesity (F(13,57 = 5.912, P>0.05, 2 = .0.013). Aerobic dance circuit training reduced body fat percentage in obese students. Regular and monitored aerobic dance circuit training significantly improves the health and quality of life of obese female students regardless of age and class of obesity
Cardiovascular Diseases and Associated Factors in a Middle-aged Population of Rupa Rural Municipality, Kaski, Nepal: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhandari Tulsi Ram , Paudel Grish , Paudel Shishir , Chalise Anisha , Khatiwada Bhushan , Ojha Jenny , Chapagain Nawraj , Yadav Uday Narayan
Published: December 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality, not only posing pressure on health systems but also impeding the socio-economic development of Nepal. This study aims to assess the status of cardiovascular diseases (angina pectoris and myocardial infarction) and its associated factors among the middle-aged population of Rupa Rural Municipality, Nepal. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 525 middle-aged (35-60 years) population of Rupa Rural Municipality, Nepal between August and December 2020 adopting simple random sampling. The WHO STEPS survey tool was used to collect the socioeconomic and behavioural characteristics, and the 10-item validated rose angina questionnaire (RAQ) to assess angina pectoris (AI) and myocardial infarction (MI). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the factors associated with AP and MI. The study respondents’ mean (SD) age was 47.29 (±8.354) years. The prevalence of AP and MI was 9.1% and 2.5% respectively. The prevalence of AP was significantly higher among those aged 55 and above (ORA:3.20, CI:1.41-7.29) and those consuming vegetables less than 4 days a week (ORA:2.15, CI:1.12-4.11) as compared to those aged 35-44 years and consuming vegetables ≥4 days a week, respectively. The prevalence of CVD events (MI and AP) has increased in Nepal. The risk of developing AP increases with age and among those respondents consuming vegetables less than four days a week. The findings of this study call for the implementation of CVD risk assessment intervention at the primary healthcare level for the early detection and prevention of cardiovascular disease. The study further emphasizes education initiatives to promote healthy diet habits and lifestyle modifications in rural areas, which may reduce the risks of CVDs.
Health and Wellbeing Among Nepali Migrants: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mahato Preeti , Bhusal Susagya , Regmi Pramod , Teijlingen Edwin van
Published: December 2024

There is limited evidence of research conducted on the health and well-being of Nepali migrants working abroad. This scoping review aims to summarise and synthesise the existing evidence available currently on the health and well-being of Nepali migrants working abroad. A scoping review was undertaken following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews using the five-stage protocol. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and NepJol for published international peer-reviewed literature. The database search identified 707 total records published between 2000 to 2022, with 69 of these assessed for eligibility. The quality of the papers was appraised by the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool or the Mixed-Method Appraisal Tool. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, 13 were qualitative, 19 quantitative, and two were mixed-methods studies. The studies covered a range of subject areas related to Nepali migrants, including their mental health, lifestyle and health-promoting behaviours, work environments and workplace accidents, health problems and access to healthcare services, awareness of sexual behaviours, and perceived risk of sexually transmitted infections and/or HIV. Evidence is scarce on the health and well-being of Nepali migrants who study and work in high-income countries along with the limitation in study design and the methodological rigor. These gaps highlight the need for more extensive, large-scale studies with improved study design across various regions to shed light on the health challenges faced by Nepali migrants.
Advances in understanding medication-induced lower limb edema: Review for clinical practice
Authors: Acosta Florencia , Alejandro Godoy , Aldo Tabares
Published: December 2024

Drug-induced lower limb edema is a common side effect of many medications, posing diagnostic challenges for clinicians. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of implicated medications, underlying mechanisms (including arteriolar vasodilation, sodium/water retention, increased capillary permeability, and lymphedema), and differential diagnoses. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing drug-induced edema in patients presenting with bilateral leg swelling and the need for careful medication review and potential dose adjustments. The review notes the limited efficacy of diuretics in this context and calls for further research to improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This review offers clinicians essential guidance for optimizing patient outcomes.
Predicting COVID-19 cases across a large university campus using built environment surveillance
Authors: Hinz Aaron , Moggridge Jason A , Ke Hanna , Hicks Alexandra MA , Doukhanine Evgueni , Fralick Michael , Hug Laura A , MacFadden Derek R , Mejbel Hebah S , Nott Caroline , Raudanskis Ashley , Thampi Nisha , Wong Alex , Kassen Rees
Published: December 2024

Background:

Environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 via wastewater has become an invaluable tool for population-level surveillance. Built environment sampling may provide complementary spatially refined detection for viral surveillance in congregate settings such as universities.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective environmental surveillance study at the University of Ottawa between September 2021 and April 2022. Floor surface samples were collected twice weekly from six university buildings and analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using quantitative PCR. A Poisson regression was used to model the campus-wide COVID-19 cases predicted from the fraction of floor swabs positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, building CO2 levels, Wi-Fi usage, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in city wastewater. Building-level cases were modelled using viral copies detected in floor samples as a predictor.

Results:

Over the 32-week study period, we collected 554 floor swabs at six university buildings. Overall, 13% of swabs were PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2, with positivity ranging between 4.8% and 32.7% among buildings. Both floor swab positivity (Spearman r = 0.74, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.87) and city wastewater signal (Spearman r = 0.50, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.73) positively correlated with on-campus COVID-19 cases. In addition, built environment detection was a predictor of cases linked to individual university buildings.

Conclusions:

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on floors and viral RNA levels in city-wide wastewater were strongly associated with the incidence of COVID-19 cases on a university campus. These data suggest a potential role for institutional built environment sampling, used together with wastewater surveillance, for predicting COVID-19 cases at both campus-wide and building-level scales.
Describing the role of a COVID assessment centre during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada
Authors: McIsaac Warren J , Kukan Sahana
Published: December 2024

Background:

Little has been written about the role of COVID assessment centres set up during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This descriptive study reviewed and compared COVID cases presenting to the Mount Sinai Hospital COVID assessment centre and emergency departments over a 4-month period at the start of the pandemic in 2020.

Results:

Of 185 COVID-positive presentations, 115 (62.2%) were assessed in the COVID assessment centre and 70 (37.8%) in the emergency department. Patients seen in the COVID assessment centre tended to be younger (mean age 33.5 years) than in the emergency department (mean age 51.8 years, P < .001), had fewer comorbidities ( P ≤ .05 for hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and cancer), and were less likely to have shortness of breath, fever, or focal lung findings ( P < .01 for all). Chest imaging was ordered for 57.1% of emergency department cases versus 0% for COVID assessment centre cases ( P < .001). Overall, 21 out of 69 (30.4%) COVID-positive cases were admitted from the emergency department, while all COVID assessment centre cases were discharged home.

Conclusions:

The Mount Sinai COVID assessment centre assessed the majority of COVID cases early on in the pandemic at this site. While these were milder COVID infections, this decreased the overall number of COVID infections that might otherwise have needed to be seen in the emergency department.
Motivation of Veterinary Public Health Faculties Across Veterinary Schools of the British Isles
Authors: Arden Kurt , Mahadevan Dhanya Bharathi , Arden Declan Thomas
Published: December 2024

Veterinary public health (VPH) is a critical role of veterinarians regardless of their chosen career pathway and it is the role of VPH academics to inspire veterinary students within this essential topic. However, the alarming shortage of veterinarians has led to a significant reduction in veterinary policy makers and epidemiologists. The engagement of new graduates in public health roles is heavily influenced by their undergraduate teaching and extramural study opportunities. Worryingly, student engagement within VPH has been well documented to be poor in comparison to other subjects. As such, this study was designed to investigate what factors impacted VPH educators’ motivation. To do this, a mixed methods survey was created and released electronically to 34 VPH academics across the UK and the Republic of Ireland. A total of 23 respondents, from nine veterinary schools spanning both countries, completed the survey. Data analysis involving both quantitative assessment and thematic analysis was undertaken. The results showed that VPH educators’ intrinsic motivation was not problematic and most ( n = 20) respondents felt motivated within their roles. However, all respondents had extrinsic issues that impacted their motivation, such as external stakeholders, curricula requirements, lack of student opportunity both regarding placement and as career options, as well as wider university issues. These themes led staff to feel undervalued in their roles, and as such highlight the areas that universities and external stakeholders need to act on to help fill the significant recruitment issues in this essential field. This study is, as far as the authors are aware, the first time globally that a VPH faculty have been asked to explore their motivation behind their teaching practices.
Evaluation of a Training Model to Teach Skills Associated with Esophagostomy Tube Placement in Companion Animals
Authors: Turner Sophie , Sharp Priya , McIntyre Shona Louise
Published: December 2024

Models and simulations are used in veterinary education to allow students to practice surgical skills in order to obtain clinical competence. Further development of models is also driven by the requirement of veterinary institutions to reduce the use of animal patients in teaching (live or cadaver). Esophagostomy tube placement is a common therapeutic procedure performed in companion animal critical care cases, and a model was developed to help teach this skill. Validity evidence was collected and analyzed to evaluate this model at the University of Surrey. Veterinarians ( n = 14) provided content validity evidence on using the model, and students ( n = 19) provided further construct evidence. Students were taught the skill on either a model or a cadaver. These students were then assessed on a cadaver the following week. Global rating scales were used as a measure of performance, and data were recorded on confidence ratings after both teaching and assessment. Comparisons of the global rating scales and confidence levels were evaluated for both the model and cadaver-taught groups. There were no statistical differences in the performance data or confidence levels of the two groups. Most of the veterinarians believed the model was easy to use (13/14), had realistic landmarks (11/14), and was a suitable alternative to learning the skill than in the animal patient (12/14). The esophagostomy tube model is a low-cost easy-to-make alternative to help teach aspects of this skill before performing on an animal patient.
Musculoskeletal Pain Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Telesurvey
Authors: de Oliveira Lisandra Almeida , Hanna Steven , Stratford Paul , Hespanhol Luiz , Gross Anita , Carlesso Lisa , Astephen Wilson Janie L. , Vrkljan Brenda , Kirkwood Renata , Vesnaver Elisabeth , Beauchamp Marla , Macedo Luciana Gazzi
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To describe the musculoskeletal (MSK) pain prevalence and incidence and identify factors associated with MSK pain among older adults over a 1-year follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

This longitudinal telesurvey recruited community-dwelling older adults (≤65 years) in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. MSK pain prevalence and incidence were calculated. Multilevel negative binomial and ordered logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the number of pain sites (0 to 7 pain sites), and most intense pain (no, mild, moderate, and severe pain).

Results:

We included 247 participants. Pain prevalence ranged from 64% at baseline to 73% at 1 year. Being older (IRR [incidence rate ratio] 0.96; 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98) and having better mobility (IRR 0.96; 0.95 to 0.96) were associated with fewer number of pain sites. Being male (OR 0.87; 0.82 to 0.93) was associated with a lower pain intensity. While having a greater BMI (OR 1.07; 1.00 to 1.14), being older at 12 months (OR 1.09; 1.01 to 1.18), having better mobility at 12 months (OR 1.06; 1.01 to 1.11), and better mental health at 9 (OR 5.32; 1.25 to 22.64) and 12 months (OR 7.19; 1.71 to 30.18) were associated with a higher pain intensity.

Conclusions:

Older adults had high MSK pain prevalence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, there was not a significant increase over time. Our results demonstrated that better mobility, being older, greater BMI, being female, and having better mental health are important factors associated with MSK pain in older adults in the COVID-19 scenario.

Key Messages:

MSK pain is highly prevalent in older adults. Better mobility, higher age, greater BMI, and better mental health were associated with greater MSK pain. Some of these factors, primarily mobility, mental health, and BMI are modifiable and could be potential targets for interventions.
Análisis de las elecciones venezolanas de 28J. Una aproximación desde la teoría de juegos
Authors: Boscan Guillermo , Biderbost Pablo
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo contiene un análisis de la situación política venezolana en el contexto pre y postelectoral de las elecciones presidenciales de 28 de julio de 2024. En este análisis se resalta la importancia que tiene la credibilidad y el reconocimiento internacional para legitimación democrática tanto del gobierno como de la oposición. Partiendo de este supuesto, y empleando las herramientas que ofrece la teoría de juegos, se construye un modelo formal en el que se definen los distintos escenarios que dan sentido al estado actual de la crisis electoral del país latinoamericano, se explican el comportamiento y las acciones de los actores involucrados y se arroja luz sobre el futuro de la democracia venezolana.
Editorial
Authors: Abu Bakar Aniza
Published: December 2024

Editorial for Volume 11 Issue 1
Investigation of Quality of Cost Data input in Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Fairullazi Ayob
Published: December 2024

ommentators often pointed out that the main focus of local practitioners and scholars in the Malaysian construction industry is considerably on LCC conversion, which includes the methodology and models of computing LCC, but very little emphasis has been given on the quality of cost data as inputs into process of producing a reliable and comprehensive LCC analysis. This paper presents the outcomes of investigation on the quality of cost data input used into the practice of LCC analysis for building works in the Malaysian construction industry.
This paper reports part of a three-year research programme to enhance the quality of LCC outputs through the enhancement of quality data input requirements. The quality of cost data input in LCC analysis was assessed using a modified Delphi approach to establish consensuses of expert opinions regarding the state of data availability, accessibility, currency and reliability degrees in the practice of LCC analysis in the Malaysian construction industry.
The modified Delphi questionnaire was carried out in three rounds with a group of panellists that has expertise, knowledge and skills in LCC. Looking at the results, the majority of the panellists reached consensus there is limited availability and inaccessibility of current and reliable cost data, which can be used as inputs for LCC analysis in the Malaysian construction industry. The results also established that no single data source has been identified as ready and complete to be used as input for the comprehensive LCC estimation for building works in the Malaysian construction industry.
Innovando a través del hacer. El caso de la Impresora 3D de gran formato para extrusión de pastas
Authors: Garcia Lara Luis , Von Baer Jahn Sybille
Published: December 2024

Introducción: En el 2022 la Universidad Católica de Temuco creo una oferta formativa bajo el alero de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Artes y Diseño: la carrera de Oficios Creativos. En un ánimo interdisciplinar, la actual directora de la carrera, propuso la implementación de una máquina de deposición de pastas por control numérico computarizado de gran formato. Metodología: Para ellos se realizó un llamado a estudiantes de la carrera de Diseño que quisieran colaborar en el rediseño y fabricación de esta. Resultados: Los resultados de este proyecto fueron la elaboración de la máquina CNC, rediseñando partes y piezas para ajustarse a procesos y materialidades disponibles, así como su puesta en marcha, de cara a la búsqueda e identificación de los primeros fallos que pudiesen surgir en relación con su electrónica, como algunas piezas y su materialidad. Discusión: La discusión que iniciamos enfoca en las posibilidades de autogestionar y producir equipamiento al interior de las carreras, la evaluación de modelos de recurso abierto de máquinas de control numérico, y la veracidad en la información compartida. Adaptando y rediseñando modelos extranjeros a nuestra realidad y proceso de fabricación disponibles, trazando un nuevo camino para la producción de equipamiento para nuestra facultad.
Editorial
Authors: Kofti Dimitra , Harms Arne
Published: December 2024

This issue hosts a special section on “Projects and Project Temporalities: Ethnographic Reflections on the Normative Power of the Project Form”. As Graan and Rommel underline in their introduction, projects grew historically as fundamental ways of organizing social life. The guest editors invite us to take a close ethnographic look at the projectification of time in neoliberal and (post)colonial contexts. The collection of papers attends to the logics of the project in diverse ethnographic contexts and temporal frameworks by offering historically informed ethnographies of what progress, failure and success mean to various people. Authors further attend to imaginaries of temporality and futurity, and technologies of time and control. Although Graan and Rommel pay attention to aspects that connect diverse types of projects, they also carefully present their linguistic and ethnographic specificities and unique temporal configurations, including the projects’ afterlives, contributing to anthropological discussions on time.
Ambivalent Precarity among Israel's Young Generation of Filmmakers
Authors: Cohen Maayan
Published: December 2024

Although anthropology has predominantly portrayed the phenomenon of precarity as a negative consequence of neoliberalism, it has long been romanticised as a constitutive element of the lives of cultural producers. This article explores the intersection of these two forms of precarity – the disruptive and the idealised – through an examination of Israel's young generation of filmmakers and their navigation of the country's increasingly neoliberal economic climate. The article particularly interrogates a common ‘housing solution’ adopted by many young filmmakers to continue their artistic pursuits, which involves living in low-rent buildings undergoing extensive renovation. I show how the filmmakers experience precarity as both a source of disruption and a generative force for their art, thus challenging the prevailing theoretical framework that views precarity as a predominantly disruptive state.

L'anthropologie a souvent présenté le phénomène de précarité comme une conséquence négative du néo-libéralisme. Mais, pendant longtemps, la précarité a été présenté sous un jour romantique comme un élément fondamental de la vie des producteurs culturels. Cet article examine l'intersection de ces deux formes de précarité − la forme perturbatrice et la forme idéalisée − au travers une étude de la génération des jeunes israéliennes qui créent des films dans un climat économique de néo-libéralisme grandissant en Israël. Nous interrogeons surtout une ‘solution de logement’ souvent adopté par beaucoup de jeunes cinéastes afin de continuer leurs activités artistiques. Cette ‘solution’ est la pratique d'habiter dans un immeuble lors de sa rénovation complète. Nous montrons comment les cinéastes utilisent l'expérience de précarité à la fois comme une source de perturbation et une force productive pour leur art. Cette pratique représente un challenge au cadre théorique dominant qui présente la précarité comme un état perturbateur.
Book Reviews
Authors: De Wolf Jan , De Togni Giulia , Becka Hynek , Bierschenk Thomas
Published: December 2024

Grotti, Vanessa. 2022. Nurturing the Other. First Contacts and the Making of Christian Bodies in Amazonia. New York: Berghahn. 197 pp. Hb.: US$135.00. ISBN: 978-1-80073-458-6.

McConnell-Ginet, Sally. 2020. Words Matter: Meaning and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 320 pp. Hb.: £64.00. ISBN: 9781108427210.

Sokolíčková, Zdenka. 2023. The Paradox of Svalbard Climate Change and Globalisation in the Arctic. London: Pluto Press. 202 pp. Pb.: £24.99. ISBN: 9780745347400.

Sausdal, David. 2023. Globalizing Local Policing. An Ethnography of Change and Concern among Danish Detectives. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 254 pp. Hb.: £39.99. ISBN: 978-3-031-18918-0.
Jon Webber's Rethinking Existentialism
Authors: Eshleman Matthew
Published: December 2024

The three articles and commentary that follow began as talks for a book symposium dedicated to Jon Webber's monograph Rethinking Existentialism. The talks were given for a plenary session at the United Kingdom Sartre Society meeting, held at the Maison Française d'Oxford on 3 July 2023. Organised to honour the excellence of Webber's work on Sartre, the Symposium aimed to call attention to the importance of his monograph. Since Rethinking Existentialism centrally addresses Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and Frantz Fanon, the division of labour was straightforward. Matt Eshleman addresses Webber's treatment of Sartre, Kate Kirkpatrick his treatment of Beauvoir and Komarine Romdenh-Romluc his treatment of Fanon. For those who have not read Rethinking Existentialism a brief synopsis follows.
The Beauty and the Beast
Authors: Tripaldelli Luca
Published: December 2024

This essay analyses Sartre's Nausea as a site of posthumanist revolt against the more humanistic sentiments of Being and Nothingness. Placing it alongside Derrida's exploration of animality and the human in The Animal That Therefore I Am, it examines the profusion of ‘bestial references’ in Sartre's text, and how the text promotes a postmodern openness to the multiplicity of existence by viewing the alterity of animals in a positive light.
Riau Provincial General Election Commission's Efforts to Increase Political Participation of Disabled Voters in The 2024 Election
Authors: Ningsih Sunarti Ayu , Yandra Alexsander , Ruslyhardy  , Sudaryanto
Published: December 2024

One of the successes of elections is the high level of participation. High participation guarantees the legitimacy of the government and protects the voting rights of citizens, including groups of people with disabilities. The research method used was a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and the technique for determining informants used a purposive technique. Based on research results, it shows that the Riau Province KPU has made efforts to increase the participation of disabled voters in the 2024 elections. However, these efforts have not been optimal. In carrying out its efforts, the Riau Province KPU still has obstacles so that the participation rate of disabled voters in Riau Province is still very low. The roles that have been carried out by the Riau Province KPU are conducting outreach to disabled voters, coordinating between agencies, forming democracy volunteers, opening up opportunities to organize general elections for people with disabilities, and creating accessible general elections. The obstacles faced by the Riau Province KPU in increasing the participation of people with disabilities in the 2024 elections are influenced by family factors, economic factors, and finally budget factors.
Impact of Immobilization Method on DNA Stretching Characteristics
Authors: Didin M. A
Published: December 2024

The problem of stretching a flexible polymer with given conditions at the ends, under the action of a fixed force, is considered. A mathematical model is constructed for different energy functions describing the elasticity of the polymer and different immobilization methods. It is shown that the dependence of stretching on the polymer length is linear. Numerical results are given. The results obtained allow to improve the analysis of experimental data on polymer stretching. The theory offers several verifiable predictions, and experimental methods are proposed to improve the accuracy of measurements.
Investigation of the Functional State of Heart Mitochondria in Inbred Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Baburina Y. L , Odinokova I. V , Krestinin R. R , Zvyagina A. I , Sotnikova L. D , Krestinina O. V
Published: December 2024

Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common metabolic diseases in the developed world and is associated either with impaired insulin secretion or with cell resistance to the action of this hormone (type 1 and 2 diabetes, respectively). In both cases, the common pathological change is an increase in blood glucose levels – hyperglycemia, which can ultimately cause serious damage to organs and tissues of the body. Mitochondria are believed to be one of the main targets of diabetes at the intracellular level. The present study addressed the functional state of mitochondria in the C57BL/Ks–db+/+m inbred mice carrying the recessive diabetes-db gene (diabetic mice). Histological analyses of the left ventricle of the hearts from diabetic and control mice were performed. In cardiac tissue samples from diabetic mice, an increase in the intensity of the eosin stain was observed implying that the structure of cytoplasmic proteins was distorted. In addition, it was shown that respiratory control and Ca2+ capacity in the mitochondria of diabetic mice decreased compared to controls. Changes in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy under these conditions were analyzed.
The Role of Two Isoforms of Heat Shock Protein Hsp90 in Resistance of Human Fibrosarcoma Cells HT1080 to Hsp90 Inhibitors and Cytoxic Drugs
Authors: Petrenko V. S , Morenkov O. S , Skarga Yu. Yu , Zhmurina M. A , Vrublevskaya V. V
Published: December 2024

Intracellular heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) performs important functions related to the folding, stabilization and degradation of various proteins in the cell, and prevents protein aggregation and denaturation under various types of stress. There are two isoforms of Hsp90, the inducible isoform Hsp90α and the constitutive isoform Hsp90β. Hsp90β is thought to play a key role in the functioning of housekeeping proteins, while Hsp90α plays an important role in the cellular response to stress. We explored for the first time the role of two Hsp90 isoforms in ensuring the resistance of human fibrosarcoma cells HT1080 to Hsp90 inhibitors and a number of antitumor drugs with different mechanisms of action. Both Hsp90 isoforms have been shown to make a comparable contribution to cell resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors, and one Hsp90 isoform is not able to completely compensate for the absence of another Hsp90 isoform under the influence of Hsp90 inhibitors. Both Hsp90 isoforms are also involved in ensuring cell resistance to cytotoxic anticancer drugs, with Hsp90α likely playing a more important role than Hsp90β in protecting cells from the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib and nocodazole. In the case of cisplatin, each of the Hsp90 isoforms is able to largely compensate for the absence of the other isoform. In the case of doxorubicin, bortezomib, sorafenib, paclitaxel, and nocodazole, the absence of one of the Hsp90 isoforms led to a significant decrease in cell resistance to anticancer drugs, which was especially pronounced in the case of paclitaxel and nocodazole. The Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG potentiates the effect of cytotoxic drugs on cells, providing the most pronounced synergy with paclitaxel and nocodazole. As a result, the important role of both Hsp90 isoforms in cell resistance to Hsp90 inhibitors and anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action was determined for the first time. The data obtained indicate the prospects of developing Hsp90αor Hsp90β-specific inhibitors for antitumor therapy and their combined use with known antitumor drugs.
Morphological Features and Temporary Characteristics of the Process of Muscle Tissue Regeneration in Planaria Polycelis tenuis (Platyhelminthes)
Authors: Kuznetsov G. V , Kreshchenko N. D
Published: December 2024

A body musculature of the planarian Polycelis tenuis (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) has been investigated by fluorescence microscopy using histochemical staining of whole preparations with fluorescently-labeled phalloidin, which stains muscle cells due to irreversible binding to actin filaments. The results showed that the musculature of the body wall contains circular, diagonal and longitudinal muscle fibers. The circular fibers are the thinnest ones and densely located within the outer layer of the muscle. The longitudinal fibers are thick, gathered into bundles. Individual diagonal muscle fibers are located at a significant distance, in two directions and at an angle to each other. In the work, the process of muscle tissue regeneration in P. tenuis is considered after removal of the planarian’s head. The current study investigates tissue regeneration on days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 13 following tissue amputation. The microscopy images provided valuable information about the main stages of muscle tissue regeneration and their characteristic features. It has been shown that the muscular system in P. tenuis has awesome regenerative abilities and tissue is regenerated within 10–13 days.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Functional State of the Cerebral Cortex Microcirculatory Bed at Different Stages of Aging
Authors: Gorshkova O. P , Sokolova I. B
Published: December 2024

Using Doppler flowmetry and tissue optical oximetry, a comprehensive spectral analysis of the oscillatory components of the myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial components of microvascular tone and an assessment of the oxygen transport dynamics in the cerebral cortex of rats at the age of 4, 18 and 23 months were performed. Regional differences of age-dependent changes in the regulatory mechanisms of microcirculation and the efficiency of tissue oxygen extraction were revealed. It was found that at the age of 18 months, microcirculatory changes are observed in the frontal and parietal cortical areas and are manifested as a decrease in sympathetic regulation of microcirculation, a decrease in precapillary myogenic resistance, vasodilation and an increase in the contribution of the capillary unit to microcirculation. In the parietal cortical area, these changes contribute to the activation of tissue oxidative metabolism and to an increase in oxygen consumption. With further aging, microvascular endothelial dysfunction develops and the contribution of the endothelial component to the total perfusion level of all cortical areas decreases. These disorders in 23-month-old rats are accompanied by an increase in the contribution of sympathetic regulation of microcirculation in the frontal cortex, a decrease in the contribution of the capillary unit to the microcirculation in the occipital area, and the development of stagnant processes in the venous area of the microcirculatory bed of the parietal cortex, reducing the efficiency of tissue oxygen extraction from the blood.
The Use of Cholesterol/Randomly Methylated β-Cyclodextrin (RAMEB) Inclusion Complexes to Improve Human Spermatozoa Cryosurvival
Authors: Mironova A. G , Afanasyeva S. I , Yakovenko S. A , Tikhonov A. N , Simonenko E. Yu
Published: December 2024

Сryoprotective properties of cholesterol/randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) inclusion complexes with respect to human spermatozoa have been investigated. The influence of different concentrations of RAMEB and cholesterol/RAMEB inclusion complexes on sperm membranes has been explored. It was shown that obvious cytotoxicity of RAMEB against spermatozoa is due to the interaction between cyclodextrins and lipid components of the membrane, in particular cholesterol extraction. Cholesterol/RAMEB inclusion complexes are significantly less cytotoxic. The dependence of cholesterol concentration in sperm membranes on the concentration of cholesterol/RAMEB inclusion complexes in the sample was established. It was demonstrated that incubation of spermatozoa with 2 mg/ml of cholesterol inclusion complexes before cryopreservation caused a statistically significant increase in survival rate (by 13.8%) and in the proportion of progressively motile spermatozoa (by 14.8%) post-thaw. X-ray diffraction revealed that the concentrations of RAMEB or cholesterol/RAMEB inclusion complexes (2, 4 and 8 mg/mL) do not affect the average size of ice crystals formed in the sample during cryopreservation in the samples. The mechanism of the cryoprotective effect of cholesterol/RAMEB inclusion complexes is proposed.
Genetic Analysis of Arctic Polar Bear Populations using Historical Samples
Authors: Kanapin A. A , Samsonova A. A , Abramov A. V , Sablinenko M. V , Platonov V. V , Mustafin H. H , Chekrygin S. A , Hirata D.
Published: December 2024

This study analyzed genetic data using DNA isolated from museum specimens of polar bears in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The unique data obtained in this study made it possible to characterize population structure of polar bears in the past and to lay the foundation for further research. Methods of DNA isolation used in archaeogenetics and paleogenetics were applied for historical materials. These methods provided sufficient quantity and quality of DNA suitable for high-throughput sequencing. The analysis of genetic variants made it possible to reveal population structure of spatial and temporal polar bear populations in the Russian Arctic regions and its changes associated with the active economic activities that unfolded in the first third of the twentieth century.