bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Anxiety and Depression among Reproductive-aged Women in Bangladesh: Insights from the 2022 DHS
Authors: Sheoti Isna Haque , Shezuti Sanzana Saira , Alam Md. Zakiul
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Mental health disorder causes significant disturbance to every aspect of an individual’s life. Almost one in every eight people in the world lives with a mental disorder. In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression among reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh.

Methodology

We utilized data from Bangladesh demographic and health survey-2022. Anxiety and depression were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 Scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We used the chi-square test in bivariate analysis and log-binomial logistic regression to explore the factors associated with anxiety and depression.

Findings

Around 20% and 5% had symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. Compared to women aged 15-19, anxiety was significantly higher among women ages 20-49, and women aged 45-49 (PR= 1.73, p=0.004) had a substantially higher depression. Women living in Rangpur had the highest prevalence of both anxiety and depression. Women from the poorest households and having a bank account had a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety and depression than others. Muslims had higher anxiety (PR=1.40, p<0.001) and depression (PR= 1.48, p=<0.001). Women with positive attitudes towards wife-beating had higher anxiety (PR=1.28 p<0.001) and depression (PR= 1.47, p=<0.001). Women with no education had significantly higher anxiety levels (PR=1.37, p<0.001), whereas those who had access to mass media had a higher depression (PR=1.20, p=0.016).

Conclusion

Women of reproductive age face multiple crucial life events that can have an impact on their mental health. In this situation, strategic policy actions need to be provided at both family, community, and provider levels to safeguard the mental health of women in the country. Additionally, specific actions and programs need to drive for women aged 40 or above, women of lower socioeconomic class, women of Rangpur, and women suffering from domestic violence.
Influence of trace Sc on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg-0.5Zn alloys
Authors: Han Tingzhuang , Wang Qingxia , Zhang Cheng , Peng Peng , Long Shuai , Yang Qingshan , Dai Qingwei
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the impact of Sc element on the microstructure and corrosion properties of Mg-0.5Zn alloy.

Design/methodology/approach

Three kinds of Mg-0.5Zn-xSc (x = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 Wt.%) alloys were obtained, and the microstructure and corrosion properties were both analyzed.

Findings

As the Sc concentration increases, the corrosion resistance of the alloys initially improves and subsequently deteriorates. The trace addition of Sc can effectively reduce the grain size of Mg-Zn-Sc alloys and enhance the density of the corrosion products film. Consequently, an appropriate amount of Sc can reduce the corrosion rate of Mg-0.5Zn alloy.

Originality/value

However, the addition of Sc also introduces the second phase particles in the alloy, leading to galvanic corrosion, which adversely affects the corrosion resistance of Mg-0.5Zn alloy. Therefore, the amount of Sc added should be carefully controlled.
Navigating the digital era: the role of virtual teams in organizational transformation
Authors: Abakpa Augustine , Dvouletý Ondřej
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to better understand the role of virtual teams in organizational transformation. This conceptual paper explores the significant influence of the digital era on organizational structures, specifically focusing on the transformative shift toward virtual teams (VTs) with a strong message for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

The article is based on the review of existing concepts identified in the previously published studies and their critical reflection. The literature search was conducted in the Web of Science database in May 2024 by using the keywords VTs, Digitalization and SMEs.

Findings

In the rapidly changing business environment, organizational transformation is no longer a choice but a prerequisite for the survival and growth of businesses. It is argued in the study that organizations, especially SMEs, need to embrace VT despite the challenge of a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding VT and the need for the development of a novel theory, which has been a reoccurring phenomenon and subject of debate in the literature. Furthermore, the paper underlines the necessity of providing essential preparation and training for VTs, focusing on both technological skills and collaborative work methods. In the context of SMEs, the paper argues that collaboration with external partners and the adoption of virtuality can enhance competitiveness. In the end, the emergence of virtual learning communities is proposed as a solution, providing a platform for SME owners/managers to share experiences and acquire new skills.

Originality/value

Overall, this study provides several recommendations for future research on VTs.
How WeChat official account marketing activities enhance brand loyalty among yoga consumers: the role of consumer trust and shopping motivations
Authors: Song Yu , Hu Xiaoran , Wang Ying
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to investigate how WeChat official account marketing activities influence consumer brand loyalty through instrument- and emotion-based paths (i.e. cognitive and affective brand trust) and how these paths operate depending on consumer shopping motivation.

Design/methodology/approach

We tested hypotheses using structural equation modeling with a three-wave online survey of two-week intervals administered to 179 individuals who follow the WeChat official account of a yoga gym brand.

Findings

WeChat official account marketing activities are positively related to cognitive and affective brand trust. Affective trust mediated the relationship between WeChat official account marketing activities and brand loyalty, and hedonic motivation moderated this relationship.

Originality/value

Our research extends the current knowledge by articulating that the influence of WeChat official account marketing activities on brand loyalty is mediated by affective brand trust, and hedonic motivation as a key contingency affects this mediation effect.
Consumer insights on cultural appropriation in fashion: a Douyin analysis
Authors: Bhatnagr Puneett
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study investigates consumer perspectives on cultural appropriation in the fashion industry by analysing user-generated content on Douyin.

Design/methodology/approach

Using text-mining techniques, including topic modeling and sentiment analysis, 6,584 comments related to the Dior midi-length skirt controversy were analyzed to identify key themes and sentiments.

Findings

The study reveals that cultural appropriation elicits polarized responses. Positive themes, such as cultural appreciation, innovation and global exposure, highlight consumer approval of respectful and creative integration of cultural elements. Negative themes, including cultural theft, historical inaccuracy and commercial exploitation, underscore concerns about commodification and misuse of cultural symbols.

Practical implications

Fashion brands should prioritize cultural sensitivity by collaborating with cultural communities, ensuring historical accuracy and promoting ethical engagement with cultural symbols. Proactively addressing these issues through real-time consumer feedback can help mitigate backlash, foster trust and enhance brand equity.

Originality/value

This study advances the discourse on cultural appropriation by leveraging real-time user-generated content to provide actionable insights for ethical practices in the fashion industry.
Big data analytics capability and supply chain sustainability: analyzing the moderating role of green supply chain management practices
Authors: Rahman Md. Ashikur , Saha Palash , Belal H.M , Hasan Ratul Shahriar , Graham Gary
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This research develops a theoretical framework to understand the role of big data analytics capability (BDAC) in enhancing supply chain sustainability and examines the moderating effect of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices on this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Guided by the dynamic capability view (DCV), we formulated a theoretical model and research hypotheses. We used partial least square-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data collected from 159 survey responses from Bangladeshi ready-made garments (RMG).

Findings

The statistical analysis revealed that BDAC positively impacts all three dimensions of supply chain sustainability: economic, social and environmental. Additionally, GSCM practices significantly moderate the relationship between BDAC and supply chain sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

This study makes unique contributions to the operations and supply chain management literature by providing empirical evidence and theoretical insights that extend beyond the focus on single sustainability dimensions. The findings offer valuable guidelines for policymakers and managers to enhance supply chain sustainability through BDAC and GSCM practices.

Originality/value

This study advances the current understanding of supply chain sustainability by integrating BDAC with GSCM practices. It is among the first to empirically investigate the combined effects of BDAC on the three dimensions of sustainability – economic, social and environmental – while also exploring the moderating role of GSCM practices. By employing the DCV, this research offers a robust theoretical framework highlighting the dynamic interplay between technological and environmental capabilities in achieving sustainable supply chain performance.
Exploring the impact of cloud computing-based accounting information systems on Sustainable Development Goal 8: evidence from the industrial sector in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jaradat Zaid , Al-Hawamleh Ahmad , Al-Tahat Saqer , Mohammed Allam
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is in the midst of a transformative economic vision, aiming to diversify its economy and reduce dependency on oil revenues. Adopting modern technological solutions like Cloud Accounting Information Systems (AIS) is pivotal in this regard. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of Cloud AIS on achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a quantitative research strategy and bootstrapping to analyze data from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) industrial sector using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The study findings provide substantial evidence supporting the positive impact of Cloud AIS on achieving SDG 8. Significant relationships were identified between infrastructure readiness and Cloud AIS utilization, the critical role of data quality in driving Cloud AIS utilization and the significance of security compliance in influencing Cloud AIS utilization. In addition, the quality of service providers was demonstrated to be a crucial factor for effective Cloud AIS implementation. This study also established that infrastructure readiness significantly influences the attainment of SDG 8.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this study provide actionable insights for decision-makers in the KSA industrial sector. Leveraging Cloud AIS effectively will enable organizations to enhance operational efficiencies, promote inclusive economic growth and contribute significantly to achieving SDG 8.

Originality/value

This study contributes significantly to the existing literature by delving into the impact of Cloud AIS on achieving SDG 8, specifically in the context of the KSA – an area that has not been extensively studied.
The bright and dark sides of creativity in employee conflict management; the moderating role of competitive climate
Authors: Fousiani Kyriaki , De Jonge Kiki Margaretha Maria , Michelakis Georgios
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The existing literature has predominantly highlighted the positive role of creativity in conflict management. However, it is essential to recognize that creativity can also manifest negative aspects, particularly in conflicts involving asymmetric power relations. This study aims to investigate how employees’ creativity during conflicts with their leaders influences their conflict management strategies. By integrating approach-inhibition theory with the creativity literature, this paper proposes that creativity plays a dual role in conflict management. This paper hypothesizes that creativity can foster both collaborative and competitive strategies – both of which are active conflict responses – among employees facing conflicts with their leaders. Furthermore, this paper posits that a competitive organizational climate, which promotes active conflict responses, strengthens the relationship between creativity and conflict management strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

This research includes two studies: a three-wave time-lagged field study among supervised employees (N = 256) and a vignette experiment (N = 386).

Findings

This paper found a strong link between creativity and collaborative conflict management strategies. Additionally, there was a positive but less consistent relationship between creativity and competitive strategies. Notably, competitive organizational climate enhanced the relationship between creativity and employees’ competitive behaviors, although this effect varied across studies.

Research limitations/implications

The study discusses theoretical and practical implications, emphasizing the importance of understanding the dual role of creativity in conflict management to leverage its positive aspects while mitigating potential adverse outcomes.

Originality/value

This research provides valuable insights into the dual (positive and negative) role of creativity in conflict management within organizational settings and the moderating influence of competitive organizational climates.
Impacts of the Russia–Ukraine war on the welfare of palm oil producers and consumers in Indonesia
Authors: Nugrahapsari Rizka Amalia , Harianto  , Nurmalina Rita , Fariyanti Anna
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This research aims to examine the impacts of the Russia–Ukraine war on the welfare of Indonesian palm oil producers and consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses time-series data from 2000 to 2022 for inferential, simulation and descriptive analyses, coupled with a world vegetable oil trade model in the form of a system of simultaneous equations. The two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation method with 37 simultaneous equations is used to estimate parameters.

Findings

The research results show that the Russia–Ukraine conflict has led to an increase in the welfare of Indonesian palm oil producers and consumers. A combination of domestic policies (replanting, export tax, mandatory biodiesel and domestic market obligation) has boosted Indonesian palm oil industry players welfare after the Russia–Ukraine conflict. On the other hand, it caused a decline in the welfare of cooking oil and biodiesel producers due to the surge in raw material costs and the decline in selling prices. Therefore, market differentiation for palm oil derivative products into international markets is required.

Originality/value

The results of this research provide empirical evidence to the Indonesian government regarding the importance of policies that regulate the demand and supply of palm oil compared to increasing palm oil production. The results of this research emphasize that the development of policies for the Indonesian palm oil industry needs to pay attention to global vegetable oil market fluctuations as well as the importance of holistic policies from the on-farm to the off-farm level to ensure that producers and consumers experience increased welfare.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2024-0531
Harnessing AI for sustainable university practices: toward a greener campus
Authors: Al-Zahrani Abdulrahman M.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to advance sustainability practices in universities, focusing on stakeholder perceptions and factors influencing the successful implementation of AI-driven initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative approach, a survey was administered to 539 university stakeholders (faculty, staff and students) from universities in Saudi Arabia. The survey measured awareness, perceived effectiveness and the importance of AI applications in energy management, waste reduction, transportation optimization and conservation.

Findings

Stakeholders exhibited moderate familiarity with AI for sustainability, with perceptions varying significantly by gender, university role and awareness level. Positive correlations were found between awareness and perceptions of AI’s effectiveness and importance. Transportation, energy efficiency and waste management emerged as key areas for AI application. Challenges identified include ethical concerns, financial constraints and infrastructure needs.

Originality/value

This research provides novel insights into integrating AI into university sustainability strategies. It highlights stakeholder perspectives, identifies priority areas for AI application and offers practical recommendations for enhancing AI-driven sustainability. The study emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration and policy development to ensure ethical and effective AI use in higher education.
Biased processing of political fact-checks on social media: testing the effects of user comments and partisan worldview on misbeliefs and political candidate evaluation
Authors: Zhang Bingbing , Schmierbach Mike
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Social media platforms offer users the opportunity to engage with fact-checking posts aimed at countering misinformation surrounding political figures. However, limited research considers how the efficacy of fact-checking messages hinges on individuals’ perceptions and acceptance of the information, with user comments and individuals’ pre-existing partisan viewpoints both presenting possible barriers to positive reception of fact-checking messages.

Design/methodology/approach

To bridge this research gap, this study conducted a 2 (misinformation exposure types: partisan worldview-consistent misinformation vs partisan worldview-inconsistent misinformation) × 4 (correction exposure types: a fact-checking post with no comments vs a fact-checking post with negative comments vs a fact-checking post with positive comments vs no fact-checking post) between-subject online experiment.

Findings

We found significant main effects of user comments and partisan worldview on political misbelief and political attitudes. Importantly, among participants exposed to worldview-inconsistent misinformation, negative comments significantly decreased voting support compared to positive comments or no comments.

Research limitations/implications

This research is significant for the theoretical examination of the interaction between user comments and partisan worldview in influencing the effectiveness of political fact-checking messages. In addition, it has practical implications for fact-checking organizations and comment moderation in the fight against political misinformation.

Originality/value

This study presents original research examining the impact of social media user comments beneath a fact-checking post on beliefs in misinformation and evaluations of political candidates. While prior research has demonstrated how partisan worldview affects the effectiveness of corrections, the interaction between social media user comments and partisan worldview has not yet been explored.
A need for a forensic specific policy regarding experiencing sexuality: a study of quality of life in medium security patients
Authors: Boons Lena , Habets Petra , Cappon Leen , Degrauwe Steven
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In Belgium, mentally ill offenders often spend extended periods in forensic psychiatric hospitals, where restrictive living conditions can affect their quality of life (QoL). QoL is a key factor in these settings, influencing both short- and long-term recidivism risks. Despite its significance, research on QoL in Belgian forensic psychiatry is scarce. Internationally, studies highlight that the sexuality domain tends to score lower than other QoL areas. This study aims to explore QoL in forensic psychiatry with a particular focus on the sexuality domain.

Design/methodology/approach

This cross-sectional, observational study involved 275 male forensic psychiatric patients, all found not guilty by reason of insanity and under court-ordered psychiatric treatment. Patients resided in either treatment units or long-term forensic care units. Data were analyzed using R Studio.

Findings

Patients in medium-security units in Flanders reported the lowest satisfaction in the sexuality domain compared to other QoL areas. Additionally, overall QoL declined with longer stays in forensic psychiatric care.

Practical implications

The study underscores the need for clear policies regarding sexuality in forensic psychiatric settings. Integrating sexuality and sexual health assessments into routine evaluations is recommended. Future research should explore long-term QoL changes while investigating the impact of sexuality policies and considering gender and cultural differences. Collaboration between forensic institutions is key to improving data collection, while staff training on addressing sexuality is essential. Including patients in policy development and promoting their sexual health rights will help create a more inclusive environment.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to pool data from three forensic medium-security units in Flanders, providing new insights into QoL in Belgian forensic psychiatry.
Hotels and shared economy accommodations: an analysis of business traveler preferences
Authors: Kreeger Jeffery Cole , Smith Scott J. , Parsa H.G.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The Lodging Shared Economy (e.g. Airbnb) has emerged in the past two decades. It was thought that generations participate differently in the Lodging Shared Economy (LSE) and their requirements for LSEs are different for hotels. The current study compares business travelers from three generations (Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y) and their lodging preferences using seven dimensions: Price/Value; Financial Information Security; Personal Safety; Location, Empathy, Amenities, and Cleanliness.

Design/methodology/approach

Using MTurk, 614 surveys were completed by two distinct groups of pre-qualified respondents who recently stayed for business in either a hotel or LSE (e.g. Airbnb). This study compared the perceptions of three generations on their responses to seven key lodging attributes.

Findings

This study’s results indicate little difference among business travelers from the three generations. Baby Boomers responded they value cleanliness more than Millennials. Boomers are more likely than Xers to tell others about their stay but overall, generational statistical differences were not revealed.

Practical implications

This study suggests that consumer preferences for lodging on business trips are similar across generations and therefore, hotels should focus on business travelers as a homogeneous group rather than attempting to focus on specific generations and specifically not rule out Boomer customers.

Originality/value

While there is much research on the LSE, this is one of the first studies that focuses on business travelers’ preferences for using accommodations other than hotels, which is a gap in LSE research.
Trajectory and outcomes of patients referred from a Portuguese university hospital to the national integrated continued care network: retrospective study
Authors: Gonçalves Edna , Bessa Maria Francisca , Ramos Sofia , Peleteiro Bárbara , Azevedo Ana
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Created in 2006 to provide healthcare and social support to dependent patients in Portugal, the National Integrated Continued Care Network (NICCN) has been unable to tackle a growing demand, as the population ages with high dependency indices and social resources are scarce.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involved a retrospective cohort study of adult patients referred to the NICCN by a Portuguese university hospital in 2022, with sociodemographic and clinical characterization of patients and analysis of the referral process, outcomes and one-year survival after referral.

Findings

A total of 916 patients were referred but only 579 were admitted. Patients referred by the Palliative Care Department (PCD, n = 100) were younger and 64% had a cancer diagnosis, compared to 8% of patients referred by the Senior Management Team (n = 816), among whom stroke and trauma prevailed. The median time from referral to acceptance was 5 days for patients referred by PCD and 14 days for others. One-third of referrals were rejected/cancelled and 50% of corresponding patients died within a year, as did 35% of those admitted to the NICCN. Most patients referred by PCD died within 4 months of referral, 47% of them before admission to the NICCN.

Practical implications

The referral process to the NICCN is time-consuming and many patients die or are discharged while waiting for a place. The high proportion of deaths within the first year after referral and within a few months for patients referred by the PCD suggests that the NICCN as a whole could benefit from a specialised palliative care intervention, which should take place earlier.

Originality/value

Apart from estimates on the number of vacancies in NICCN and waiting time trends, no previous research evaluated the outcomes and efficiency of this process.
Epidemiological insights into chronic urticaria, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and herpes zoster following COVID‐19 infection: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kim Min Hee
Published: December 2024

The long‐term complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continue to cause global concern. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and risk of chronic urticaria, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and herpes zoster following COVID‐19 infection. Only participants confirmed by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction tests to have COVID‐19 were enrolled in the COVID‐19 group. The matched cohort without COVID‐19 was enrolled randomly at a ratio of 1:1. The incidence and risk of chronic urticaria, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and herpes zoster were assessed in both groups using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses. A total of 4 976 589 COVID‐19 patients (9.58% of the total population of South Korea) and an equivalent number of matched non‐infected control subjects were analyzed. Chronic urticaria, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and herpes zoster manifested at higher rates within the COVID‐19 cohort, even after multivariable adjustment for potential confounders. COVID‐19 may increase the risk of developing chronic urticaria, vitiligo, alopecia areata, and herpes zoster.
Three‐dimensional electromagnetic inversion of transfer function data from controlled sources
Authors: Rulff Paula , Kalscheuer Thomas , Bastani Mehrdad , Zbinden Dominik
Published: December 2024

We develop a three‐dimensional inversion code to image the resistivity distribution of the subsurface from frequency‐domain controlled‐source electromagnetic data. Controlled‐source electromagnetic investigations play an important role in many different geophysical prospecting applications. To evaluate controlled‐source electromagnetic data collected with complex measurement setups, advanced three‐dimensional modelling and inversion tools are required.

We adopt a preconditioned non‐linear conjugate gradient algorithm to enable three‐dimensional inversion of impedance tensor and vertical magnetic transfer function data produced by multiple sets of two independent active sources. Forward simulations are performed with a finite‐element solver. Increased sensitivities at source locations can optionally be counteracted with a weighting function in the regularization term to reduce source‐related anomalies in the resistivity model. We investigate the capabilities of the inversion code using one synthetic and one field example. The results demonstrate that we can produce reliable subsurface models, although data sets from single pairs of independent sources remain challenging.
Proteomic serum profiles before and after lipoprotein apheresis in patients with peripheral artery disease with ulceration
Authors: Ishiga Kohei , Uehara Tatsuki , Wakui Hiromichi , Azushima Kengo , Ueda Eiko , Kanai Daisuke , Sotozawa Mari , Kobayashi Ryu , Kinguchi Sho , Kanaoka Tomohiko , Haze Tatsuya , Toya Yoshiyuki , Tamura Kouichi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The efficacy of lipoprotein apheresis (LA) in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been primarily attributed to its anti‐atherosclerotic effects through the adsorption of lipoproteins. However, the other potential effects of LA remain unknown. We evaluated changes in serum profiles before and after LA using a comprehensive analysis to explore the underlying mechanism.

Methods

Ten patients with leg ulcers were included from the LETS‐PAD study, in which patients with lipoprotein‐controlled PAD underwent LA. Serum samples collected at baseline and 1 month after LA were analyzed for proteomic changes.

Results

Six patients exhibited ulcer epithelialization and skin perfusion pressure improvement. Proteomic analysis identified 2033 proteins. Fifty‐five proteins showed significant differences. B‐cell lymphoma protein‐2 associated X (BAX) and C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) were downregulated.

Conclusion

Serum BAX and CXCL10 levels significantly decreased after LA, which may be involved in the ulcer epithelialization mechanism of LA, which potentially acts through angiogenesis promotion.
hURAT1 Transgenic Mouse Model for Evaluating Targeted Urate‐Lowering Agents
Authors: Cai Weiyan , Yang Miyi , Zhao Qinghe , Yi Guohua , Lin Peihui , Chen Apeng , De Gejing
Published: December 2024

Background

Urate transporter 1 (URAT1) is a well‐known therapeutic target for reducing urate levels in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. However, current pharmacological studies have failed to evaluate the efficacy of URAT1 inhibitors in non‐primate animal models. We established a human URAT1 (hURAT1) transgenic knock‐in (KI) mouse model to assess uricosuric agents' effectiveness and characterize URAT1‐caused pathogenesis.

Methods

We generated hURAT1 transgenic mice using CRISPR/Cas9 KI technique. mUrat1 knockout was achieved by replacing exon 1 coding sequence with a human SLC22A12 coding sequence (CDS)‐pA cassette. Based on the above transgenic mice, a hyperuricemia model was further established by hypoxanthine administration.

Results

The hURAT1‐KI mice successfully expressed hURAT1 protein to the apical side of the kidney proximal tubule epithelium, where native human URAT1 is localized in human kidney. Upon hypoxanthine challenge, the blood uric acid (UA) level was elevated in hURAT1‐KI mice (251 μmol/L), showing an approximately 37% increase compared to wild‐type (WT) mice (183.5 μmol/L). The elevated blood UA level could be alleviated by hURAT1 inhibitor benzbromarone treatment in the hURAT1‐KI mice (164.2 μmol/L vs. 251 μmol/L, p < 0.05) whereas no response was observed in WT littermates (168.8 μmol/L vs. 183.5 μmol/L).

Conclusion

The hURAT1‐KI hyperuricemia mouse model would be valuable for preclinical evaluation of gout treatment with urate‐lowering drugs and for studying UA metabolic complexities in humans.
Effects of Aging on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mice
Authors: Lien Evan C. , Vu Ngoc , Westermark Anna M. , Danai Laura V. , Lau Allison N. , Gültekin Yetiş , Kukurugya Matthew A. , Bennett Bryson D. , Vander Heiden Matthew G.
Published: December 2024

Aging is accompanied by multiple molecular changes that contribute to aging associated pathologies, such as accumulation of cellular damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Tissue metabolism can also change with age, in part, because mitochondria are central to cellular metabolism. Moreover, the cofactor NAD+, which is reported to decline across multiple tissues during aging, plays a central role in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the oxidative synthesis of nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids. To further characterize how tissue metabolism changes with age, we intravenously infused [U‐13C]‐glucose into young and old C57BL/6J, WSB/EiJ, and diversity outbred mice to trace glucose fate into downstream metabolites within plasma, liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and brain tissues. We found that glucose incorporation into central carbon and amino acid metabolism was robust during healthy aging across these different strains of mice. We also observed that levels of NAD+, NADH, and the NAD+/NADH ratio were unchanged in these tissues with healthy aging. However, aging tissues, particularly brain, exhibited evidence of upregulated fatty acid and sphingolipid metabolism reactions that regenerate NAD+ from NADH. These data suggest that NAD+‐generating lipid metabolism reactions may help to maintain the NAD+/NADH ratio during healthy aging.
The status of dental sleep medicine education in Australia and New Zealand in 2024
Authors: Tiwari L , Gikas A , Balasubramaniam R
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the current status of dental sleep medicine education across dental schools in Australia and New Zealand and gain further insights into the educational background of dentists who have sat the Australasian Sleep Association Fellow of Dental Sleep Medicine examination in 2023.

Methods

Online surveys were carried out, and descriptive statistics were used to analyse data.

Results

All dental schools responded to the survey. Seventy per cent of the schools included dental sleep medicine as part of their curriculum, with an average total teaching time of 2.6 h. Dentists who sat the Fellow of dental sleep medicine examination spent on average 87 h preparing for the examination. All dental schools included discussion on pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea and oral appliance therapy, but did not adequately discuss advanced sleep medicine topics, clinical aspects in treatment planning or contemporary dental sleep medicine topics, whereas dentists that completed the Fellow of dental sleep medicine examination gained knowledge in all aspects of the field.

Conclusion

Findings from the study reveal that dental schools across Australia and New Zealand are not delivering adequate levels of education in dental sleep medicine, and hence the current dental sleep medicine curriculum needs to be reviewed and improved.
The Effect of Housing Prices on Urban Innovation Capability: New Evidence From 246 Chinese Cities
Authors: Chen Zuanxu , Li Mingyang , Zhang Marina
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of rising housing prices on urban innovation capabilities from a comprehensive and systemic perspective, using panel data from 246 Chinese cities from 2004 to 2020. The findings challenge traditional views that emphasize only the negative effects of high housing prices on innovation. Instead, the analysis reveals that rising housing prices can enhance urban innovation through specific mechanisms. These include attracting and concentrating talent and generating spatial spillover effects that benefit neighboring cities. The study employs feasible methodological approaches, including the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to measure urban innovation capability and spatial econometric models to capture spillover effects. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers to promote urban innovation, including stabilizing housing markets, optimizing industrial structures, attracting high‐skilled individuals, and establishing inter‐city innovation coordination mechanisms. This research contributes a novel theoretical framework for understanding the complex relationship between housing prices and urban innovation, enriching the fields of urban economics and innovation studies.
BLOC1S1 Control of Vacuolar Organelle Fidelity Modulates Murine TH2 Cell Immunity and Allergy Susceptibility
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Wu Kaiyuan , Han Kim , Russo Anna Chiara , Dagur Pradeep K. , Combs Christian A. , Yao Xianglan , Levine Stewart J. , Sack Michael N.
Published: December 2024

Background

The levels of biogenesis of lysosome organelles complex 1 subunit 1 (BLOC1S1) control mitochondrial and endolysosome organelle homeostasis and function. Reduced fidelity of these vacuolar organelles is increasingly being recognized as important in instigating cell‐autonomous immune cell activation. We reasoned that exploring the role of BLOC1S1 in CD4+ T cells may further advance our understanding of regulatory events linked to mitochondrial and/or endolysosomal function in adaptive immunity.

Methods

CD4+ T cells were analyzed from control and CD4+ T‐cell‐specific BLOC1S1 knockout mice. Polarization profiles were assayed using biochemical and molecular signatures, and signaling pathways were disrupted pharmacologically or via siRNA. Mouse models of airway and skin inflammation were generated by Ovalbumin and MC903 exposure, respectively.

Results

TH2 regulator GATA3 and phosphorylated STAT6 were preferentially induced in BLOC1S1‐depleted primary CD4+ T (TKO) cells. The levels of IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 were markedly induced in the absence of BLOC1S1. At the organelle level, mitochondrial DNA leakage evoked cGAS‐STING and NF‐κB pathway activation with subsequent TH2 polarization. The induction of autophagy with rapamycin reduced cytosolic mtDNA and reversed these TH2 signatures. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of STING and NF‐κB inhibition ameliorated this immune regulatory cascade in TKO cells. Finally, at a functional level, TKO mice displayed an increased susceptibility to allergic conditions, including dermatitis and allergic asthma.

Conclusions

BLOC1S1 depletion in mouse CD4+ T cells mediated disruption of mitochondrial integrity to initiate a predominant TH2‐responsive phenotype via STING‐NF‐κB‐driven signaling of the canonical TH2 regulatory program.
The Value of P‐Wave Parameters Changes in Predicting Catheter Ablation Outcomes for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Antoun Ibrahim , Li Xin , Vali Zakariyya , Kotb Ahmed , Abdelrazik Ahmed , Koev Ivelin , Somani Riyaz , Ng G. André
Published: December 2024

Background

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the most promising management method for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). The P wave in the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents atrial depolarization. This study aims to correlate P‐wave parameters after PVI with outcomes.

Methods

This single‐center retrospective study included consecutive patients with first‐time PVI for PAF between 2018 and 2019 and targeted pulmonary veins (PVs). Procedure success was defined by freedom of ECG‐documented AF at 12 months. Digital 12 leads ECGs with 1–50 hertz bandpass filter were monitored before the procedure. P‐wave amplitude (PWA) and P‐wave terminal force in V1 (PTFV1) Corrected P‐wave duration (PWDc), and P‐wave dispersion (PWDisp), were measured before and after ablation.

Results

The final analysis included 180 patients, of which 130 (72%) had successful ablations and 53 (30%) had radiofrequency ablation (RF). Males comprised 71% of the patients; the mean age was 60. Demographics were similar between both arms p < 0.001. Patients with failed PVI had increased PWDc after PVI (139–146 ms, p < 0.001) compared to patients with successful PVI. PWA increased significantly after failed PVI (1.6–2 mV, p < 0.001) and successful PVI (1.6–1.8 mV, p = 0.008). PWD (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–4.2, p < 0.001) and PWA (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.9, p = 0.03) were independently associated with PVI failure at 12 months. PWdisp and PTFV1 were not correlated with outcomes.

Conclusion

Increased PWDc and PWA after PVI were independently associated with failed ablation for PAF, supporting the role of P‐wave parameters in predicting outcomes.
A comparison of the accuracy and feasibility of a low‐cost mobile application versus higher‐cost handheld 3D scanner for digital ear prosthetics
Authors: Darbari Kaul Rhea , Duong Cindy , Ma Jolande , Sayyar Sepidar , Wallace Gordon , Dunn Masako , Cheng Kai , Fleming Sophie , Whereat Sarah , Clark Jonathan , Mukherjee Payal
Published: December 2024

Background

Facial prosthetics are an important means to rehabilitate patients with congenital or acquired facial defects. However, with a time‐consuming manual workflow and workforce shortage, access to facial prosthetics is limited in Australia and worldwide, especially for rural and remote patients. Optical 3D scanning has been increasingly integrated in digitizing data. With the development of TrueDepth® camera technology on smartphones, there is increasing availability of mobile applications which can generate 3D images to improve accessibility and reduce cost. This study compares the accuracy of mobile phone applications to high resolution 3D scanners for auricular data acquisition.

Methods

We conducted a case–control study comparing the EM3D smartphone application (EM3D) with the EinScan Pro 2× Plus Shining 3D handheld scanner (EinScan) in 22 healthy participants equating to 44 ears, using CloudCompare software analysis.

Results

On average, EM3D acquired images 2.5 minutes quicker than the EinScan. The mean absolute directional distance difference was 1.10 mm, within the accepted deviation range of 2 mm. Out of the 44 ears, only 1 ear (2.27%) did not meet the accepted value of accuracy within 2 mm. The average completeness was 85% and the overall quality of images obtained from EinScanand EM3D were 53.5% and 57.7%, respectively, through observational analysis.

Conclusion

Mobile iPhone applications such as EM3D are a viable alternative to 3D handheld scanners such as EinScan. This study demonstrates reliable results in accuracy, and improved results in time, cost and operational feasibility.
Short‐Term Outcomes of a Novel Hybrid Technique, Minimally Invasive Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery (MILAR) Using the da Vinci SP System for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yoshikawa Takaki , Hayashi Tsutomu , Nishino Masashi , Ogawa Rei , Fujisaki Yurina , Wada Takeyuki , Yamagata Yukinori , Seto Yasuyuki
Published: December 2024

Background

Robotic surgery may have shown advantages over conventional laparoscopic surgery, but the da Vinci SP system, which utilizes a single incision, has had limited use in gastric cancer surgery. This study aims to evaluate the short‐term outcomes of a novel hybrid technique, minimally invasive laparoscopic and robotic surgery (MILAR), with the da Vinci SP system for gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study reviewed 23 consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer using the MILAR technique with the da Vinci SP system between May and October 2024. Operative time, blood loss, and morbidity were analyzed.

Results

The median operation time was 192 min (191 min for distal gastrectomy, 174 min for proximal gastrectomy, and 308 min for total gastrectomy). Blood loss was minimal, with a median of 13 mL and no patient exceeding 250 mL. Postoperative complications were also minimal; one patient developed a grade II intra‐abdominal fluid infection and another had grade II enteritis. There were no anastomotic leakages or pancreatic fistulas, and no grade III or higher complications were observed.

Conclusions

MILAR using the da Vinci SP system is feasible and safe for gastric cancer surgery, with minimal blood loss and acceptable operative times. This is the first report from Japan showing the successful application of this system in gastric cancer, offering new prospects in minimally invasive surgery.
Population modelling of nilotinib exposure vs. longitudinal BCR::ABL1 response in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia using a semimechanistic disease model
Authors: Sy Sherwin K. B. , Yoon Deok Yong , Darstein Christelle , Yang Yiqun , Dasgupta Kohinoor , Kapoor Shruti , Hoch Matthias , Grosch Kai
Published: December 2024

Aims

This study aims to evaluate the exposure–efficacy relationship of nilotinib and longitudinal BCR::ABL1 levels in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP) and those who are imatinib‐resistant or intolerant using a semimechanistic disease model.

Methods

The analysis included 489 CML‐CP patients from 3 nilotinib trials (NCT00109707; NCT00471497; NCT01043874) with duration of follow‐up ranging from 2 to 9 years. The semimechanistic disease model of CML‐CP consisted of quiescent leukaemic stem cells, proliferating drug‐susceptible and ‐resistant bone marrow cells. Drug effect on the elimination of susceptible cells was characterized by a maximum response model based on the individual daily area under the concentration–time curve over the last 24 h simulated using their empirical Bayes estimates from a population pharmacokinetic model. The influence of line of therapy was evaluated on model parameters and its impact was investigated through simulations of the major molecular response (MMR) rate, defined as the proportion of the simulated profiles that achieved BCR::ABL1 level of ≤0.1% at 48 and 96 weeks of treatment.

Results

The final disease model was based on a truncated 3‐year data that characterized the biphasic pattern of BCR::ABL1 transcript profiles. Line of therapy was a significant covariate of the drug kill effect, susceptible and resistant cells. Simulations of BCR::ABL1 time course predicted MMR rates at 48 weeks and 96 weeks for both nilotinib 300 and 400 mg twice‐daily of 66–71 and 77–82% in first‐line, and 34–39 and 46–54% in second‐line, respectively. Results are consistent with observed MMR rates in the respective trials.

Conclusion

The ability to distinguish molecular response between lines of therapy is demonstrated using model‐based analysis. These nilotinib information enable the extrapolation of novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., asciminib) response to other lines of therapy in patients with CML‐CP.