bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive Approach for Innovation as an Effective Tool for Enabling the Transition
Authors: Arzeni Andrea , Giarè Francesca , Lai Mara , Lasorella Maria Valentina , Ugati Rossella , Vagnozzi Anna
Published: August 2023

The interactive approach implies that a heterogeneous group of actors cooperates to identify, develop, and introduce innovative solutions into the ground. 20-year studies showed this approach as the most suitable to support innovation and knowledge sharing in the agri-food system. With the introduction of the EIP initiative in the EU policy, this approach has become a privileged tool to support innovation within the CAP, via the implementation of Operational Groups. The present study aims to analyse how the interaction process works in the implementation of the OGs in Italy, and its effectiveness. An online survey submitted to 270 OGs and 10 in-depth case studies were used to analyse interaction process and its effectiveness in the Italian OGs. The results show that the EIP AGRI in Italy helped to capture the real issues of farmers and other actors in the rural territories. Furthermore, participation in the OGs supported the creation and strengthening of relationships between partners. The major difficulties were identified in maintaining active interaction in all phases of the projects and with all partners involved and in the traditional approach used for dissemination of results, both within and outside the partnership. The study showed how complex is to describe the processes triggered by the interactive approach, being it influenced by the type of relationships existing between partners and by other external factors.
Coupled Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Destabilisation of the Gelsolin-Actin Complex Enables Facile Detection of Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Lysophosphatidic Acid
Authors: Davoudian Katharina , Bhattacharya Shayon , Thompson Damien , Thompson Michael
Published: August 2023

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a promising biomarker candidate to screen for ovarian cancer (OC) and potentially stratify and treat patients according to disease stage. LPA is known to target actin-binding protein gelsolin that is a key regulator of actin filament assembly. Previous studies have shown that the phosphate headgroup of LPA alone is inadequate to bind to the short chain of amino acids in gelsolin known as the PIP2-binding domain. Thus, the molecular-level detail of the mechanism of LPA binding is poorly understood. Here, we model LPA binding to the PIP2-binding domain of gelsolin in the gelsolin-actin complex through extensive ten microsecond atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We predict that LPA binding causes a local conformational rearrangement due to LPA interactions with both gelsolin and actin residues. These conformational changes are a result of the amphipathic nature of LPA, where the anionic phosphate, polar glycerol and ester groups, and lipophilic aliphatic tail mediate LPA binding via charged electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions. The negatively-charged LPA headgroup binds to the PIP2-binding domain of gelsolin-actin while its hydrophobic tail is inserted into actin, creating a strong LPA-insertion pocket that weakens the gelsolin–actin interface. The computed structure, dynamics, and energetics of the ternary gelsolin–LPA–actin complex confirms that a quantitative OC assay is possible based on LPA-triggered actin release from the gelsolin-actin complex.
In vitro cytotoxic effects of ferruginol analogues in Sk-MEL28 human melanoma cells
Authors: Shao Luying , González-Cardenete Miguel A. , Prieto-Garcia Jose M.
Published: August 2023

Ferruginol is a promising abietane-type antitumor diterpene able to induce apoptosis in SK-Mel-28 human malignant melanoma. We here aim to increase this activity by testing the effect of a small library of ferruginol analogues. After an screening of their antiproliferative activity (SRB staining) on SK-Mel-28 cells the analogue 18-aminoferruginol (GI50=10 µM) was further selected for mechanistic studies including effects on mitochondrial viability (MTT assay, IC50=10 µM p<0.0001), induction of apoptosis (DAPI staining, p<0.001), changes in cell morphology associated with the treatment (cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing), induction of caspase-3/7 activity (2.5x at 48h, 6.5x at 72h; p<0.0001), changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (not significant), and effects on 2D cell migration and 3D cell invasion (modified Boyden assay, not significant). The results were compared to those of the parent molecule (ferruginol, GI50»50 µM) and paclitaxel (GI50=10 nM) as a reference drug. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that derivatization of ferruginol into 18-aminoferruginol increases its antiproliferative activity 5 times in SK-MEL-28 cells as well as changing the apoptotic mechanism of its parent molecule ferruginol from activation of caspases without depolarization of mitochondrial membrane.
Lithium Iron Phosphate and Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese Ternary Materials for Power Batteries: Attenuation Mechanisms and Modification Strategies
Authors: Zhang Guanhua , Li Min , Ye Zimu , Chen Tieren , Cao Jiawei , Yang Hongbo , Ma Chengbo , Jia Zhenggang , Xie Jiwei , Cui Ning , Xiong Yueping
Published: August 2023

In the past decade, under the background of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality era, the rapid development of new energy vehicles has put forward higher requirements for the performance of strike forces such as battery cycle life, energy density and cost. Lithium-ion batteries have gradually become the mainstream of electric vehicle power batteries due to their excellent energy density, rate performance and cycle life. At present, the most widely used cathode materials for power batteries are lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and ternary nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM). However, these materials exhibit the bottlenecks that limit the improvement and promotion of power battery performance. In this review, the performance characteristics, cycle life attenuation mechanism (including structural damage, gas generation and active lithium loss, etc.) and improvement methods (including surface coating and element-doping modification) of LFP and NCM batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development prospects of this field are proposed.
Developing Chatbots for Cyber Security: Assessing Threats through Sentiment Analysis on Social Media
Authors: Arora Amit , Arora Anshu , McIntyre John
Published: August 2023

In recent years, groups of cyber criminals/hackers have carried out cyber-attacks using various tactics with the goal of destabilizing web services in a specific context for which they are motivated. Predicting these attacks is a critical task that assists in determining what actions should be taken to mitigate the effects of such attacks and to prevent them in the future. Although there are programs to detect security concerns on the internet, there is currently no system that can anticipate or foretell whether the attacks will be successful. This research aims to develop sustain-able strategies to reduce threats, vulnerability, and data manipulation of chatbots, consequently improving cyber security. To achieve this goal, we develop a conversational chatbot, an application that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to communicate, and deploy it on social media sites (e.g., Twitter) for cyber security purposes. Chatbots have the capacity to consume large amounts of information and give an appropriate response in an efficient and timely manner, thus rendering them useful in predicting threats emanating from social media. The research utilizes sentiment analysis strategy by employing chatbots on Twitter (and analyzing Twitter data) for predicting future threats and cyber-attacks. The strategy is based on a daily collection of tweets from two types of users: those who use the platform to voice their opinions on important and relevant subjects, and those who use it to share information on cyber security attacks. The research pro-vides tools and strategies for developing chatbots that can be used for assessing cyber threats on social media through sentiment analysis leading to a global sustainable development of businesses. Future research may utilize and improvise on the tools and strategies suggested in our research to strengthen the knowledge domain of chatbots, cyber security, and social media.
A Benchmark of In-House Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency Testing Solutions for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Guarischi-Sousa Rodrigo , Kroll José Eduardo , Bonaldi Adriando , Pierry Paulo Marques , Villela Darine , Souza Camila Alves , Silva Juliana Santos , Burger Matheus Carvalho , Oliveira Felipe de Azevedo , De Paula Marcelo Gomes , Meliso Fabiana Marcelino , De Almeida Luiz Gustavo , Monfredini Priscilla Morais , De Oliveira Ana Gabriela , Milanezi Fernanda , Scapulatempo-Neto Cristovam , Yamamoto Guilherme Lopes
Published: August 2023

Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) has become an important prognostic and predictive biomarker for patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer who may benefit from poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum-based therapies. HRD testing provides relevant information to personalize patients’ treatment options, and it has been progressively incorporated in diagnostic laboratories. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of in-house HRD testing deployable in a diagnostic clinical setting, comparing results from two commercially available next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based tumor tests (SOPHiA DDMTM HRD Solution and AmoyDx HRD Focus Panel) with the reference assay from Myriad MyChoice CDx. A total of 85 ovarian cancer samples were subjected to HRD testing. An overall strong correlation was observed across the three assays evaluated, regardless of the different underlying methods employed to assess genomic instability, with the highest pairwise correlation between Myriad and SOPHiA (R=0.87, p-value=3.39x10-19). The comparison of the assigned HRD status to the reference Myriad’s test revealed a positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90.9% and 96.3% for SOPHiA’s test, while AmoyDx’s test achieved 75% PPV and 100% NPV. This is the largest HRD testing evaluation using different methodologies and provides a clear picture of the robustness of NGS-based tests currently offered in the market. Our data show that the implementation of in-house HRD testing in diagnostic laboratories is technically feasible and it can be reliably performed with commercial assays. Also, the turnaround time is compatible with clinical needs, being an ideal alternative to offer to a broader number of patients, while still maintaining high-quality standards at more accessible price tiers.
Coco Phlegm as a Substitute Material for Drywall Panel Board
Authors: Juanga Jean Marie Villamor , Osio Arnulfo Miguel
Published: August 2023

Amidst the strong demand for wood-based products, and the clamor of environmental consciousness, more functional and green solutions arise to meet both of these goals. Pursuant to this, the study looked into the potential of a bio-waste taken from Cocos nucifera tree known as phellem—the tree’s outermost skin made of dead tissues, to be a main component of a new construction material. This study builds on existing research showing phellem is impermeable, buoyant, elastic, has a slow burn rate, and repels water during precipitation, which supports the hypothesis that phellem may be a potential substitute material for dry wall boards. To test this, three (3) formulations were developed as experimental setups to test the physico-mechanical properties of coconut palm phellem (COPAP): Formulation A (40% COPAP and 60% cement); Formulation B ( 25% COPAP and 75% cement); and lastly, Formulation C that was (10% COPAP and 90% cement). The study tested (1) which among these formulations exhibited the best physico-mechanical properties, then it (2) compared the formulations with common dry wall products available in the market, and subsequently, (3) identified the possible architectural applications of COPAP board as a new building material. Of the three setups, Formulation C exhibited the best physico-mechanical properties in terms of compressive and flexural strength, fire resistivity, and water absorption. It fared better than the particle board in terms of compressive strength, better than wafer and particle board in fire resistivity, performed best in the water absorption test, and was almost equivalent in flexural strength to fiber cement board. With these findings, the study concluded that COPAP board can be used for projects that entail a high number of interior partitions, such as offices, BPO firms and commercial stalls in shopping malls, etc. The findings were conclusive only for interior applications, as the results clearly suggest that the COPAP boards are not load-bearing. Future investigations may explore and assess other properties of COPAP boards like thermal and sound insulation, resistance to rot and other properties that may prove its competitive advantage as a construction material.
FEATURES OF THE FLOW STRUCTURE IN A RECTANGULAR TRENCH
Authors: Voropaiev Gennadii , Rozumnyuk Nataliya , Baskova Oleksandra
Published: August 2023

The study of features of the flow structure in rectangular trenches in a wide range of Reynolds numbers was carried out by means of direct numerical simulation of the flow in the channel and on а plate. Both isothermal and non-isothermal formulations of the problem were considered. Water and air were used as the investigated fluids. The flow structure inside and around the trench in the rectangular channel in the range of Reynolds numbers based on the trench length Re<=9000 was studied in a three-dimensional setting. In the Reynolds numbers range Re>=10000, unsteady flow around a plate with a trench was considered in two-dimensional formulation of the problem. Depending on the Reynolds number, the flow structure in the trench, the influence of geometric parameters on the vortices scales in the trench, their localization and intensity were analyzed. The scale of inhomogeneity of the trench flow in the transverse direction was obtained. The features of non-stationary behavior and interaction of vortex formations with each other and with the external flow at higher Reynolds numbers are considered, development of instability of the vortex structure in the trench and its influence on characteristics of the external flow are shown: from regular oscillations at certain frequency to gradual chaosization of the flow around the trench as the Reynolds number increases, when fractional and multiple frequencies appear. A comparison was made with the vortex structure obtained by other researchers for similar geometric parameters of the trench. The contributions of frictional drag and shape drag to the overall hydraulic drag of the trench, as well as the streamlined surface downstream the trench, are considered. Intensity of heat exchange processes inside the trench, localization of the maximum values of heat fluxes, dependence of heat transfer on the oncoming flow speed were evaluated.
INVESTIGATION OF VORTEX FEEDING OF POLYMER INTO THE TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER
Authors: Makarenkova Anastasiia , Starovoit Inna
Published: August 2023

The results of the experimental studies of the efficiency of the method of vortex feeding of polymers developed by the authors are presented. The novelty of the device lies in the fact that when the polymer is fed into the boundary layer, the longitudinal velocity and the additional circumferential velocity are reported simultaneously. It has been established that with the introduction of polyethylene oxide solutions into the boundary layer of the model, using the proposed device, a reduction in hydrodynamic resistance by 60% and hydrodynamic noise up to 14 dB were obtained, which indicates the high efficiency of the proposed vortex feed device to reduce resistance and noise. The paper presents a physical model that shows that polymers affect directly the inner region of the boundary layer. This leads to a thickening of the viscous sublayer and a decrease in the intensity of vortex structures in it. As a result, the process of migration of vortices from the viscous sublayer to the outer region of the boundary layer slows down. All this reduces the turbulence of the boundary layer, thereby leading to a decrease in hydrodynamic resistance and noise.
OPTIMAL STABILIZATION IN SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Authors: Khusainov Denys , Shatyrko Andriy , Hahurin Yevhenii
Published: August 2023

The authors analyze the issues of stabilization theory for difference systems using the second Lyapunov method, which is based on finding so-called Lyapunov functions and studying their behavior. The authors investigate the existence of optimal solutions and their continuous dependence on initial conditions, system parameters, and difference operators, which can be useful in designing and optimizing various systems. The authors use the second Lyapunov method to find optimal control and establish conditions for its existence. As a result of the study, the asymptotic stability of the system is established when applying optimal control. In the work systems with scalar control and diagonal matrix control, as well as with performance criterion of general type are considered. The results of the study include the development of new methods and algorithms for optimal system stabilization, which can be used for practical applications in various fields such as automatic control, robotics, electrical engineering, and others. The article provides basic theoretical information, experimental results, and established regularities in solving the problem. The main emphasis is on important discoveries, new solutions, and conclusions. It allows readers to familiarize themselves with the main research results and determine its relevance to the scientific field. The conditions for the existence of optimal stabilizing control are formulated, and a theorem on optimal stabilization in difference equations systems is proved. For difference systems with scalar control, the general form of the stabilizing control function is determined as a theorem. Similar problems were solved for the system with a diagonal optimization matrix in control and systems with a matrix in the general type performance criterion.
IMPACT OF SOLID BOUNDARIES AND VISCOSITY OF THE MEDIUM ON THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE INERTIAL AND VORTEX COMPONENTS OF THE NORMAL FORCE OF A ROTATING PLATE. PART 1
Authors: Shekhovtsov Alexander
Published: August 2023

Within the framework of the improved method of discrete vortices, generalized for viscous media, a method was developed for determining the contribution of forces of inertial, vortex and circulation nature to the normal force of a plate moving in a stationary viscous boundless medium according to an arbitrary law, in the presence of a wall and in a channel. The developed method was tested for the case of instantaneous angular start of the plate and subsequent constant angular speed of rotation (Wagner's problem) in a viscous boundless medium, in the presence of a wall and in a channel, in laminar and turbulent modes. The inertial-vortical nature of the normal force of the plate (with the dominance of inertial forces) was confirmed, which rotates after an instantaneous start with the separation of the flow from both its edges, regardless of the presence of solid boundaries and laminar or turbulent flow regimes. It has been clarified, that in the case of the laminar regime, the influence of the presence of the wall on the reduced inertial component of the normal force of the plate is insignificant, but the influence of the channel leads to a faster departure of the laminar vortex from the front edge of the plate, which leads to a gradual increase in the contribution of the inertial component of the normal force of the plate up to 100% and more at the end of rotation plates. Approximately the same happens in the case of the absence of solid boundaries, when a turbulent vortex of a larger size and intensity than the corresponding laminar one moves away from the leading edge of the plate.
The Role of Coastal Women in Improving the Family Economy in Namlea Ilath Village Batabual District, Buru Regency
Authors: Matitaputty Izaac Tonny , Pattimahu Terezia Valency , Ode Sartika , Sangadji M
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine how the role of coastal women in improving the family economy and the impact of the dual role. This study uses a descriptive type of research that describes a situation in a qualitative approach. In this study using data analysis techniques Miles and Huberman models such as: data reduction, data presentation and verification, as well as data collection such as: observation, interviews, and documentation.The results of this study indicate that along with economic and population growth, it will certainly have an effect on household needs which continue to increase. This can be seen from the increase in the price of goods, the reduced interest from consumers or customers, the uncertain income of fishermen and farmers caused by changes in weather, the cost of children's education and the cost of other household needs. From this problem, if the fishing communities and their farmers only rely on their basic work, then they can only pay for their daily meals and cannot save money to pay for their children's education. so that women take on a dual role that is needed in the family, namely as a side job to help husbands in meeting all the economic needs of the family.
Opportunities for Diversification of Processed Nutmeg as an Effort to Improve the Community's Economy on Saparua Island
Authors: Hahury Hendri Dony , Kakerissa Ariviana L , Louhenapessy Fredy H
Published: August 2023

Product diversification efforts can be used as a strategy to develop knowledge and skills as well as an alternative source of income for community households. The product diversification can be more optimal if it is supported by the availability of raw material sources located close to the community and wide market potentials so as to lower production costs incurred. This study uses a mixed method with a sequential exploration approach. This method begins with the use of qualitative method, followed by the quantitative method and interpretation. This study puts more emphasis on the qualitative analysis. Respondents of this study include farmers, community leaders and the government of Negeri Booi. Findings reveal that the most suitable diversifications of nutmeg products in Negeri Booi were in the form of nutmeg cider business and nutmeg juice business. Both of these businesses were supported by the availability of abundant raw materials, not too big business capital, and wide marketing potentials. This phenomenon was also supported by the existence of local customs, traditions and wisdom which were always applied in the community activities to meet their household needs.
The Role of C-to-U RNA Editing in Human Biodiversity and Disease
Authors: Elkin Peter , Norden Melissa Van , Falls Zackary , Mandloi Sapan , Segal Brahm , Baysal Bora , Samudrala Ram
Published: August 2023

Intra-organism biodiversity is thought to arise from epigenetic modification of our constituent genes and post-translational modifications after mRNA is translated into proteins. We have found that post-transcriptional modification, also known as RNA editing, is also responsible for a significant amount of our biodiversity, substantively expanding this story. The APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like) family RNA editing enzymes APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G catalyze the deamination of cytosines to uracils (C>U) in specific stem-loop structures.1,2 We used RNAsee (RNA site editing evaluation), a tool developed to predict the locations of APOBEC3A/G RNA editing sites, to determine whether known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA could be replicated in RNA via RNA editing. About 4.5% of non-synonymous SNPs which result in C>U changes in RNA, and about 5.4% of such SNPs labelled as pathogenic, were identified as probable sites for APOBEC3A/G editing. This suggests that the variant proteins created by these DNA mutations may also be created by transient RNA editing, with the potential to affect human health. Those SNPs identified as potential APOBEC3A/G-mediated RNA editing sites were disproportionately associated with cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. Future work should focus on common sites of RNA editing, any variant proteins created by these RNA editing sites, and the effects of these variants on protein diversity and human health.
State shifts and divergent sensitivities to climate warming across northern ecosystems
Authors: Saulnier-Talbot Émilie , Duchesne Eliane , Antoniades Dermot , Arseneault Dominique , Barnard Christine , Berteaux Dominique , Bhiry Najat , Bouchard Frédéric , Boudreau Stéphane , Cazelles Kevin , Comte Jérôme , Corbeil-Robitaille Madeleine-Zoé , Côté Steeve , Couture Raoul-Marie , Fontaine Guillaume de la , Domine Florent , Fauteux Dominique , Fortier Daniel , Garneau Michelle , Gauthier Gilles , Gravel Dominique , Laurion Isabelle , Lavoie Martin , Lecomte Nicolas , Legagneux Pierre , Lévesque Esther , Naud Marie-José , Paquette Michel , Payette Serge , Pienitz Reinhard , Rautio Milla , Roy Alexandre , Royer Alain , Simard Martin , Vincent Warwick , Bêty Joël
Published: August 2023

Northern ecosystems are among the most exposed to warming and their responses are difficult to anticipate due to the variable sensitivity of their biophysical components. Using an analysis based on expert assessment, we investigated heterogeneity in the sensitivity to climate-driven state shifts across the vast northern landscape, from the boreal to the polar biomes. Over a 3,700 km latitudinal gradient in northeastern North America, we identified 28 discontinuous states for six ecosystem components: permafrost, peatlands, lakes, snowpack, vegetation, and endothermic vertebrates. Sensitivities were quantified by the estimated time required to shift from an initial to a contrasting state in response to a 5°C step increase in mean annual air temperature. The inferred scenario reveals that multiple interconnected state shifts are likely to occur within a narrow subarctic latitudinal band at timescales of 10 to >100 years. However, response times decrease with latitude, with freshwater systems at high latitudes displaying heightened susceptibility to rapid state shifts (timescales of 1 to 10 years). The lack of coherence in response times between components and across latitudes will likely impair the integrity of northern ecosystems and generate heterogeneous range shifts, resulting in the reconfiguration of landscapes and ecosystems.
Trajectory tracking control for uncertain underactuated surface vessels with guaranteed prescribed performance under stochastic disturbances
Authors: Dong Chao , Zheng Bing , Chen Lin
Published: August 2023

The environmental disturbances acting on marine surface vessels are naturally stochastic. The control performance may be seriously deteriorated if the stochastic components are ignored in control design. In this paper, we aim to address the trajectory tracking control problem for uncertain underactuated surface vessels exposed to stochastic disturbances under prescribed performance constraints. The environmental disturbances are divided into a deterministic part and a stochastic component modeled as standard Wiener process. Subsequently, a novel tan-type quartic barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is incorporated into the control design to handle the Hessian terms induced by stochastic differentiation rule and simultaneously guarantee prescribed performance of tracking errors in probability. Meanwhile, a transverse function control method is developed to introduce an additional control input so as to deal with the difficulties caused by underactuation and nonzero off-diagonal terms. Based on transverse function control, backstepping procedure, neural networks (NNs), and quartic barrier Lyapunov function, an adaptive NN-based trajectory tracking control protocol is finally developed, whose advantage is that prescribed performance of tracking errors is guaranteed in probability despite the presence of stochastic environmental disturbances. Simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.
Fumarate Metal Organic Frameworks as Reactive and Curing Reaction Alternant in Hydrophobic Bispropargyl Ether Based Matrix Resin System
Authors: S Siva Kaylasa Sundari , S Shamim Rishwana , Dhanalakshmi J , M Arunjunai Raj , CT Vijayakumar
Published: August 2023

Acetylene terminated polymers are gaining interest due to the need for easily processable thermally stable networks. The Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) - aluminum fumarate (Al_FA_A) and copper fumarate (Cu_FA_A) MOFs were synthesized and blended with bispropargyl ether (bis (4-propargyloxyphenyl) sulfone - SPE). The (SPE + 1 % MOFs) blends were characterized and thermally polymerized to give P(SPE + MOFs). The synthesized materials were characterized using FTIR, DSC, TG and TG-FTIR. The addition of both MOFs decreased the enthalpy of fusion and enthalpy of curing by 60 %. The addition of copper MOF to SPE drastically reduced the temperature at which the thermal curing was maximum (300 °C to 252 °C). The 2-H chromenes were formed from bispropargyl ethers by Claisen-type sigmatropic rearrangement. Compared to pure SPE, the polymers resulting from hybrid systems show a slower thermal degradation rate. The sulfone as a swivel group in SPE and the involvement of fumarate π-bonds of MOFs during polymerization makes the material more versatile. The investigation concluded that these novel inorganic-organic hybrid blends may be a good start for low-temperature curable sufficiently thermally stable matrix resin systems having a wide scope of applicability in the field of filler-reinforced composites.
Ground-state electron transfer in all-polymer donor-acceptor blends enables aqueous processing of water-insoluble conjugated polymers
Authors: Fabiano Simone , Liu Tiefeng , Heimonen Johanna , Zhang Qilun , Yang Chi-Yuan , Huang Jun-Da , Wu Han-Yan , Stoeckel Marc-Antoine , Li Yuxuan , Jeong Sang , Marks Adam , Wang Xin-Yi , Puttisong Yuttapoom , Liu Xianjie , Zhang Silan , Li Qifan , Massetti Matteo , Chen Weimin , Woo Han Young , Pei Jian , McCulloch Iain , Gao Feng , Fahlman Mats , Kroon Renee
Published: August 2023

Water-based conductive inks are vital for sustainable manufacturing and widespread adoption of organic electronic devices. Traditional methods to produce waterborne conductive polymers involve modifying their backbone with hydrophilic side chains or using surfactants to form and stabilize aqueous nanoparticle dispersions. However, these chemical approaches are not always feasible and can lead to poor material/device performance. Here, we demonstrate that ground-state electron transfer (GSET) between donor and acceptor polymers allows the processing of water-insoluble polymers from aqueous solutions. This mutual electrical doping enables solid films with 10,000× higher electrical conductivities than pristine polymers, low work function, and excellent thermal/solvent stability. These waterborne conductive films have technological implications for realizing high-performance organic solar cells, with efficiency and stability superior to conventional metal oxide electron transport layers, and organic electrochemical neurons with biorealistic firing frequency. Our findings demonstrate that GSET offers a new avenue to develop water-based conductive inks for a wide range of potential applications in organic electronics.
Review on mastitis and public health importance of mastitis causing pathogens in raw milk from Mastitis infected dairy goat.
Authors: Bedruddin Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Goat milk has medicinal value for children and contributes much more for the wellbeing of human baby. Goat milk provides more nutritional value than dairy cow’s milk. Despite the large number of goats and their contributions to the livelihood of the farmers, goat productivity is low due to prevalence of different diseases. One of the major diseases that affect the dairy goats is mastitis. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, caused by over 150 different contagious or environmental micro‑organisms. Mastitis in goats constitutes an enormous animal health problem. In addition to causing health problems, inflammation of the mammary glands can also cause poor quality of milk. Milk produced by goats with mastitis presents a serious risk in terms of public health as it can be linked to milk-borne diseases for humans. Raw milk from Mastitis infected goat is usually colonized by a variety of many zoonotic pathogens such as enterohaemorragic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium bovis. These pathogens in milk have been linked to mastitis milk. These zoonotic organisms may lead to health problems in the human population such as tuberculosis (TB), brucellosis, haemorrhagic enteritis, salmonellosis and food poisoning. Transmission of pathogens from animals to humans can occur via consumption of milk, especially when these products are consumed raw.
Detangling electrolyte chemical dynamics and evolution in Li-S batteries by operando monitoring with optical resonance combs
Authors: Tarascon Jean-Marie , Liu Fu , Lu Wenqing , Huang Jiaqiang , Pimenta Vanessa , Boles Steven , Demir-Çakan Rezan
Published: August 2023

Challenges in enabling next-generation rechargeable batteries with lower cost, higher energy density, and longer cycling life stem not only from combining appropriate materials, but from optimally using cell components given their respective evolutions. One-size-fits-all approaches to operational cycling and monitoring are limited in improving sustainability if they cannot utilize and capture essential chemical dynamics and states of electrodes and electrolytes. Herein we describe and show how the use of tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) sensors to track, via the monitoring of both temperature and refractive index metrics, electrolyte-electrode coupled changes that fundamentally control lithium sulfur batteries. Through quantitative sensing of the sulfur concentration in the electrolyte, we demonstrate that the nucleation pathway and crystallization of Li2S and sulfur governs the cycling performance. With this technique, a critical milestone is achieved, not only towards developing chemistry-wise cells (in terms of smart battery sensing leading to improved safety and health diagnostics), but further towards demonstrating that the coupling of sensing and cycling can revitalize known cell chemistries and break open new directions for their development.
Virtual Reality Experience in Bone Marrow Transplant Treatment - Technical Evaluation (ViREB-TE)
Authors: Boots Rob , Curley Cameron , Scott Ashleigh , Gavin Nicole , Morris Edward , Foster Carley , Joackson Matthew , Collet Sally , Thompson Damien , Wardell Nadine , Vedelago James , Adam Stephen
Published: August 2023

Purpose:Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used in health care, however, its use as part of therapy during prolonged inpatient treatments is less well established. This study assessed the experience of haemato-oncology inpatients, their carers or relatives and staff of a 20-minute VR expedition to assess acceptability, safety, and opportunities to improve inpatient experience.Methods:Through several familiarisation days, patients, supporters, and clinical staff took part in a supervised 20-minute trial of a 3-dimensional (3-D) VR escape using Google WanderTMusing an Oculus Quest 2 VR HeadsetTM. Participants completed a validated survey of their VR experiences.Results:31 patients, 10 staff members and 9 relatives or patient friends visited 55 unique countries with 19 participants (38%) wishing to visit home, family, or friends. All participants enjoyed the experience, felt energised and had a sense of well-being following the immersion. One participant felt fatigued by the experience. No one found the experience disagreeable with none recording difficulty in navigating within the device. No participant complained of nausea with two patients experiencing dizziness and one developing a headache. Nine participants (18%) complained of eyestrain while 12 participants (24%) complained of a sense of “head fullness”. None of the symptoms were perceived to need to shorten the immersion experience or lasted beyond the immersion.Conclusion:3D-VR i “holiday from hospital” can be used in acute inpatients safely with little supervised training and broad acceptance of the technology potentially providing a distraction from clinical care routines.
Conservation of shrubland birds in working landscapes
Authors: DelaCourt Bryce , Irsik Katie , Gerardi Jake , Quinn John E
Published: August 2023

Context
Conservation practices on private, working landscapes are important to achieve conservation goals. Shrub-scrub habitat is one most rapidly decreasing habitat types in the eastern United States while also being one of the most important for avian populations.
Objectives.
Our objectives were (1) see how land use practices affect species of concern, (2) identify habitat thresholds necessary for an increase in occupancy probability, and (3) provide quantitative evidence of conservation opportunities in light of current bird declines.
Methods.
We conducted point counts at 69 locations across a gradient of land use intensity and land cover types. We used the unmarked package to model occupancy of 10 different shrub bird species. We used AIC model selection to identify top models for statistical inference.
Results.
Eight of the focal species for this study showed a 60–80% increase in occupancy probability with the presence of only 5% native shrub habitat within 1,000 meters of a point location. These findings suggest the importance of managed native habitat on working landscapes along with the benefits of small patches. Specifically, shrub-dominant species showed dramatic increase in occupancy with the presence of managed, native habitat in the immediate area. The results help show the possibility and successfulness of conservation on a gradient of land uses including working landscapes.
Conclusions.
These results show the importance of working landscapes in conservation of avian species and the clear benefit of small changes in landscape structure. More broadly, these results show the effectiveness of maintaining native habitats on working landscapes and potential ecological benefits of conservation-minded management of working lands.
An Innovative Strategy Towards Oral English Assessment Using Machine Learning, Data Mining, and Blockchain Techniques
Authors: Zhao Chunrong
Published: August 2023

Few studies have looked at how EFL students perform while speaking in public in English, despite the fact that video data analysis is often used in applied linguistics. In a world that is becoming more globalised, effective public speaking is essential, but EFL learners struggle to execute it, and despite the significance of characteristics like eye contact and speech pauses, there is currently no objective analysis of these elements. In-depth research and analysis on the topic of adaptive proofreading of English pronunciation in a wireless sensor network setting are presented in this article. Data mining refers to the method of generating knowledge and information from a significant amount of imperfect, unpredictable, fuzzily, and randomly generated data that was unknown prior but may be beneficial. This study examines how well EFL learners do orally using video data samples and a Machine Learning (ML) strategy known as a "discrete three-layered fuzzy logic artificial neural network (DTL-FL-ANN)". The architecture of the integrity system for college students is very compatible with the decentralization, security, trustworthiness, and traceability of Blockchain Technology, which is being used in many facets of life. The spoken English data was gathered and filtered for this research using the normalization method, median filter, and "Local Contrast Stretching (LCS)" procedures. The feature extraction stage employs the multi-manifold discriminant analysis (MMDA) to extract the significant attributes from the preprocessed data. We evaluate spoken English performance using the proposed DTL-FL-ANN+BT method. In order to maximize effectiveness, DTL-FL-indicators ANN+BT's are researched and contrasted with existing approaches. The suggested methods improved performance metrics such as accuracy (95%), evaluation error (55%) and evaluation time (45 sec). The proposed approach is determined to be the most effective when compared to the effectiveness of the current techniques for oral English evaluation using machine learning and blockchain technology.
Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of College English Teaching Reform Measures From The Perspective Of Neural Network
Authors: Tong Fang , Yang Can
Published: August 2023

College curricula and the associated understanding of skills are experiencing significant change in response to the needs of social and economic growth. Big data and data mining were already extensively applied in a variety of fields to extract important knowledge and give decision assistance, both of which have contributed to the demise of traditional teaching methods and the introduction of significant new educational innovations. College students who study subjects other than English play a significant role in the improvement of various languages and developing students' abilities to use those languages in practical settings. As a consequence, the level of a college's English teaching (ET) is a strong indicator of the overall excellence of its academic programs. For this reason, measuring the effectiveness of ET in colleges has emerged as a pressing issue. This study presents a novel artificial bee-tuned back-propagation neural network (AB-BPNN) for assessing the efficacy of ET innovation in colleges. The techniques of feature extraction and feature selection employ Kernel Principle Component Analysis (K-PCA) and information gain (IG), respectively. In terms of accuracy, f1-score, recall, precision, run time, and prediction error, the proposed AB-BPNN approach's performance is assessed. Comparative assessments of the proposed and existing approaches are also presented in these metrics.
Numerical Simulation for Buoyancy Induced Natural Convection of (Ag- MgO/H 2 O) Hybrid Nanofluid in a Horizontal Corrugated Cavity
Authors: Abbas Safdar , Ghour Samer Al , Afzal Farkhanda , M Kaviyarasu , Mehmood Arif , Saeed Maha Mohammed , Naeem Muhammad , Gul Saeed
Published: August 2023

This work scrutinizes the influence of nanoparticles volume fraction and Rayleigh number on hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a corrugated closed chamber. By using a non-dimensional parameter, partial differential equations that are dimensional are reduced to dimensionless differential equations. Obtained equations are attempted by applying finite element method (FEM) and solution is compared with work in literature and discovered an excellent match. Heat transfer is minimized by the increasing Rayleigh number while heat transport was influenced by the volume fraction values of nanoparticles. Horizontal and vertical velocities shows the sinusoidal behaviour for Ra and \(\varphi\)values. Nusselt number for upper rectangular bars are increasing for Rayleigh number values and Nusselt number for corrugated side walls showed no significant effect.
Colonisation of extended spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing bacteria on hospital surfaces from low-/middle-income countries
Authors: Nieto-Rosado Maria , Sands Kirsty , Portal Edward , Thomson Katy , Carvalho Maria , Mathias Jordan , Milton Rebecca , Dyer Calie , Akpulu Chinenye , Boostrom Ian , Hogan Patrick , Saif Habiba , Ferreira Ana Sanches , Hender Thomas , Portal Barbra , Andrews Robert , Watkins W , Zahra Rabaab , Shirazi Haider , Muhammad Adil , Ullah Syed Najeeb , Jan Muhammad Hilal , Akif Shermeen , Iregbu Kenneth , Modibbo Fatima , Uwaezuoke Stella , Audu Lamidi , Edwin Chinago , Yusuf Ashiru , Adeleye Adeola , Mukkadas Aisha , Mazarati Jean Baptiste , Rucogoza Aniceth , Gaju Lucie , Mehtar Shaheen , Bulabula Andrew , Whitelaw Andrew , Roberts Lauren , Chan Grace , Bekele Delayehu , Solomon Semaria , Abayneh Mahlet , Metaferia Gesit , BARNARDS Group , Walsh Timothy
Published: August 2023

Inanimate surfaces in hospital settings can harbour bacterial pathogens, which can disseminate and cause nosocomial infections, resulting in unacceptable mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As part of the BARNARDS study, this hospital swabs study determined which hospital surfaces were colonised by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). PCR screening for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaCTX-M-15) and carbapenemases (blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like and blaKPC) showed higher prevalence of blaNDM, and blaOXA-48-like in Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia, compared to other LMICs. Identification of GNB carrying ARGs by MALDI-TOF MS confirmed dominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter hormaechei, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens and Leclercia adecarboxylata, mostly found in sinks and water system. The isolates were further analysed by whole genome sequencing, and the presence of consistently dominant clones and their relatedness to strains causing neonatal sepsis was determined. The same strain was identified from the same ward on multiple occasions suggesting clonal persistence, and ST15 K. pneumoniae was shown to be responsible for transmission events in Pakistan and identical to isolates causing neonatal sepsis over similar time periods. Our data suggests persistence of dominant clones across multiple time points, highlighting the need for assessment of Infection Prevention and Control guidelines.
The impact of social cohesion and risk communication on excess mortality due to COVID- 19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Silva Ricardo Eccard da , Novaes Maria Rita Carvalho Garbi , De Oliveira Cesar , Guilhem Dirce Bellezi
Published: August 2023

Tools for assessing a country’s capacity, as for example, The Global Health Security Index (GHS), in the face of public health emergencies must be reviewed, as they were not predictive of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social cohesion and risk communication, which are related to trust in government and trust in others, may have influenced adherence to government measures and mortality rates due to COVID-19. This study analyzed the association between COVID-19 outcomes and social cohesion and risk communication indicators in 213 countries. Secondary data, in the public domain, were analyzed by statistical analysis consisted of a multiple linear regression model adjusted for confounding factors. The results showed that social cohesion and risk communication, in their dimensions (public trust in politicians, trust in others, social safety nets, and equal distribution of resources index), were associated with lower excess mortality due to COVID-19. The number of COVID-19-related disorder events and government transparency were associated with higher excess mortality due to COVID-19. Most of the social cohesion and risk communication variables were associated with better vaccination indicators, except for social capital and engaged society, which had no statistically significant association.