bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Justice, science, or collaboration: divergent perspectives on Indigenous cultural water in Australia's Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Bischoff-Mattson Zachary , Lynch Amanda H. , Joachim Lee
Published: January 2018

The concept of ‘Indigenous cultural water’ has emerged in Australia's Murray–Darling Basin in the context of sweeping reforms to provide environmental water allocations for ecosystem conservation. We discuss the concept of cultural water, its origins, and its function as a means of representing and advancing Indigenous interests in a fully allocated and heavily developed river system. Cultural water remains a contested and ambiguous frame for policy, providing ample scope for conflict over appropriate goals, standards, and efficacy. We used Q methodology to elucidate the structure and content of perspectives on Indigenous cultural water as a prospective frame for policy. Our results illustrate distinct views on cultural water relative to distributive justice and restitution, the role of science and technical experts, and prospects for collaborative management. They also illustrate nuanced perspectives on the relation between cultural and environmental water management. Clarifying goals and reconciling divergent expectations around cultural water is likely to be an ongoing challenge. We note that uncertainty surrounding the concept may ultimately function to open discursive spaces to alternative perspectives and innovations, and this would be supported by contextual approaches, grounded in place-based prototyping.
Local stakeholder judgements of the social acceptability of applying environmental water in the Gunbower Island forest on the Murray River, Australia
Authors: Mendham Emily , Curtis Allan
Published: January 2018

Australian governments have purchased large volumes of water from irrigators to decrease the amount of water diverted for agriculture to improve the health of the Murray River. Irrigation entitlements ‘bought back’ are managed by government agencies and are broadly described as ‘environmental water’. The water reform process, the volume of water bought back from irrigators and the objectives and application of environmental water are all contested by irrigators and local communities. This paper provides the first examination of the social acceptability of environmental water in Australia with a case study of Gunbower Island on the Murray River using a survey of local stakeholders. Most respondents visited Gunbower Island regularly, placed a high value on the island and were committed to maintaining the health of the island. Nevertheless, respondents were more likely to exhibit unfavourable judgements about environmental water. Positive judgements were associated with pro-environmental values, belief in the benefits of environmental water and higher levels of trust in the managing agency. Findings provide insights about how the key agency can improve the social acceptability of environmental water in Gunbower Island, including a greater focus on on-ground work as an opportunity to engage local people in learning and action.
Repurposing N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), a Pharmaceutical Excipient, as a Prototype Novel Anti-inflammatory Agent for the Prevention and/or Treatment of Preterm Birth
Authors: Gorasiya Samir , Mushi Juliet , Pekson Ryan , Yoganathan Sabesan , Reznik Sandra E.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Preterm birth (PTB), or birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, accounts for the
majority of perinatal morbidity and mortality. As of 2016, PTB has an occurrence rate of 9.6% in the United
States and accounts for up to 18 percent of births worldwide. Inflammation has been identified as the most common
cause of PTB, but effective pharmacotherapy has yet to be developed to prevent inflammation driven PTB.
Our group has discovered that N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), a readily available solvent commonly used as a
pharmaceutical excipient, rescues lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced timed pregnant mice from PTB.

Methods:

We have used in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches to investigate this compound further.

Results:

Interestingly, we found that DMA suppresses cytokine secretion by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B
(NF-κB). In ongoing work in this exciting line of investigation, we are currently investigating structural analogs
of DMA, some of them novel, to optimize this approach focused on the inflammation associated with PTB.

Conclusion:

Successful development of pharmacotherapy for the prevention of PTB rests upon the pursuit of
multiple strategies to solve this important clinical challenge.
Viral Infections in Pregnancy: A Focus on Ebola Virus
Authors: Olgun Nicole S.
Published: January 2018

During gestation, the immune response of the placenta to viruses and other pathogens plays an important
role in determining a pregnant woman’s vulnerability toward infectious diseases. Located at the maternalfetal
interface, trophoblast cells serve to minimize the spread of viruses between the host and developing fetus
through an intricate system of innate antiviral immune signaling. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, ranging from
learning disabilities to preterm birth and fetal death, are all documented results of a viral breach in the placental
barrier. Viral infections during pregnancy can also be spread through blood and vaginal secretions, and during the
post-natal period, via breast milk. Thus, even in the absence of vertical transmission of viral infection to the fetus,
maternal health can still be compromised and threaten the pregnancy. The most common viral DNA isolates
found in gestation are adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus. However, with the recent pandemic of Ebola
virus, and the first documented case of a neonate to survive due to experimental therapies in 2017, it is becoming
increasingly apparent that the changing roles and impacts of viral infection during pregnancy needs to be better
understood, while strategies to minimize adverse pregnancy outcomes need to be identified. This review focuses
on the adverse impacts of viral infection during gestation, with an emphasis on Ebola virus.
Recombinant Protein Expression in Escherichia coli (E.coli): What We Need to Know
Authors: Hayat Seyed Mohammad Gheibi , Farahani Najmeh , Golichenari Behrouz , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: January 2018

Background:

Host, vector, and culture conditions (including cultivation media) are considered among
the three main elements contributing to a successful production of recombinant proteins. Accordingly, one of the
most common hosts to produce recombinant therapeutic proteins is Escherichia coli.

Methodology:

A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify important factors affecting production
of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli.

Results:

Escherichia coli is taken into account as the easiest, quickest, and cheapest host with a fully known
genome. Thus, numerous modifications have been carried out on Escherichia coli to optimize it as a good candidate
for protein expression and; as a result, several engineered strains of Escherichia coli have been designed. In
general; host strain, vector, and cultivation parameters are recognized as crucial ones determining success of
recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli. In this review, the role of host, vector, and culture conditions
along with current pros and cons of different types of these factors leading to success of recombinant protein
expression in Escherichia coli were discussed.

Conclusion:

Successful protein expression in Escherichia coli necessitates a broad knowledge about physicochemical
properties of recombinant proteins, selection among common strains of Escherichia coli and vectors, as
well as factors related to media including time, temperature, and inducer.
Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Alginate Nanogel Co-loaded with Gold Nanoparticles and Cisplatin on U87-MG Human Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Neshastehriz Ali , Khateri Maziar , Ghaznavi Habib , Shakeri-Zadeh Ali
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose: It has been well-known both gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cisplatin are
potential radiosensitizers for radiotherapy of cancer. In this in vitro study, we investigated the chemoradiotherapeutic
effects of alginate nanogel co-loaded with AuNPs and cisplatin (ACA) on U87-MG human
glioblastoma cells.

Methods:

Based on the accomplished pilot studies, U87-MG cells were incubated with ACA and cisplatin at
10% inhibitory concentration (IC10) for 4h. Then, the cells were irradiated to different doses of 6MV X-rays (2
and 10 Gy). MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cell survival rate. Apoptosis was determined by flow
cytometry using an annexinV–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis detection kit.

Results:

The results showed that ACA at the concentration of 4 µg/ml (per cisplatin) and free cisplatin at concentration
of 15 μg/ml have the same effects on U87-MG cells (survival rate: 90%). The combination of ACA
with radiation resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability (survival rate: 30%). The flow cytometry assay
also showed that such a combination therapy induces more apoptosis than necrosis.

Conclusion:

It may be concluded that co-delivery of AuNPs and cisplatin with a single nanoplatform like ACA
nanocomplex enhances the therapeutic ratio of human glioblastoma radiation therapy.
Attitudes of Jordanian Adolescent Students Toward Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Abu Baker Nesrin N. , Al-Ali Nahla , Al-Ajlouni Ranyah
Published: January 2018

Background:

Obesity is a serious public health problem especially among adolescents. Understanding adolescents’ attitudes toward obesity and healthy lifestyle is a crucial step to develop effective health programs to treat and prevent obesity.

Objectives:

To examine the attitudes toward overweight and obesity among Jordanian adolescent students and to identify the components of obesity prevention program that the students perceive as important.

Methods:

A sample of 1000 students in 8th to 10th grades was randomly selected from 16 schools in Irbid, Jordan. A self-reported questionnaire including attitude related questions was used in a descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Results:

Generally, the students expressed positive attitudes toward obesity; which means that their attitudes were consistent with societal norms in terms of health and social functioning (mean= 3.5, SD=0.39). Furthermore, the students expressed positive attitudes toward lifestyle; which means that their attitudes were consistent with healthy behaviors (mean=3.7, SD=0.58). However, boys had significantly more positive attitudes than girls (p=0.04). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.8%, while obese and non-obese students had similar attitudes toward lifestyle and obesity. Finally, around 20% to 30% of students desired a prevention program out of school time shared with their families and friends and involves eating healthy food and getting more exercise.

Conclusion:

More efforts are needed to build effective obesity prevention programs that focus on eating healthy diet and getting more exercise considering gender differences.
Resilient Factors in Students with Disabilities
Authors: Delgado Gustavo Rafael Escobar , Meza Anicia Katherine Tarazona , García Andy Einstein García
Published: January 2018

The research analyzes the relationship between factors of resilience and academic performance in disabled students studying at the Technical University of Manabí. It is a correlational descriptive study conducted with a population of 88 disabled students, of which two groups were selected, one with high academic performance and the other with low performance. A questionnaire was designed and applied to determine the level of quality of life and risk factors of adolescents. Resilience was measured with the SV-RES scale created for the Latin American population.
Ethnomedicinal studies of some tree species of Chamba district (Himachal Pradesh) India.
Authors: Arora Asha , Sharma Mukesh , Gupta Sushma
Published: January 2018

The present study encompasses 121 ethno-medicinal uses of 26 tree species of 20 families deployed for 75 maladies and 16 body systems as included in WHO-ICD 11 by Gaddi and Gurjar tribes of Chamba region (Himachal Pradesh). Tribal’s were more familiar to therapeutic plants used for digestive disorders i.e. 24 use reports of 16 tree species followed by skin maladies and localized infections. No citation regarding immune system, circulatory, sensory systems, mental, behavioral / neuro-developmental disorders, sleep-wake disorders, conditions related to sexual health and injury, poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes was obtained. Taxus baccata was found to be most versatile species of the region as it was deployed in 13 diseases of 8 body systems.
Antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic studies of Acampe praemorsa and Aeridis odarata of Orchidaceae
Authors: Katta Jhansi , S.M. Khasim
Published: January 2018

This paper aims at studying antimicrobial efficacy and in vitro cytoxic activity of epiphytic orchids namely Acampe praemorsa, Aeridis odorata distributed in Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam district. Plants were collected, identified following literature, shade dried and Methanol, ethyl acetate extracts were prepared for the systematic investigation of antimicrobial activity of plant extracts. Antibacterial activity against three gram positive bacteria Bacillus megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophillus and Enterococcus faecalis, three gram negative bacteria Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli was done using Agar well diffusion method, antifungal activity was carried against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus by Cpzapak dox agar media, MIC by broth dilution method, zones of inhibition were recorded. Ethyl acetate extracts showed maximum antimicrobial activity against all bacteria and fungi, Aeridis odarata ethyl acetate extract showed highest zone of inhibition 17mm against Lactobacillus acidophilus in bacteria, Ethyl acetate extract of Acampe praemorsa showed highest zone of inhibition 17mm against Candida albicans in fungi, the leaf extracts were tested for its inhibitory effect on HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines were evaluated by the MTT assay and methanolic extract of Aeridis odarata has significant cytotoxicity effect on MCF-7 cell line in concentration range between 5 to 100µg/ml, with IC 50 (µg/ml) value is 26.2. These plants have good antimicrobial activity, further investigation on the phytochemistry of bioactive compounds of these plants would result in discovery of new drugs and further pharmacological investigation of anti-cancer activity of Aeridis odarata should be done.
Micropropagation of traditional medicinal plant Ceropegia juncea
Authors: T. Binish
Published: January 2018

Ceropegia species which possess wide medicinal properties are being used in different traditional medicinal systems that are used by tribal people for curing different ailments. Ceropegia juncea was reported to be the source of ‘Soma’, a plant drug of the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The plant extract is used for the treatment of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiulcer activities, liver disorders, hypotension, ulcerative condition and fever. It is also used as typical anesthetic agent. The present study was conducted to establish a protocol for in- vitro propagation of an endemic medicinal plant Ceropegia juncea maximum shoot proliferation better shoots with a sprouting frequency of 86% and with an average of 8.28 ±1.11 shoots /explants and attained a length of 5.37±0.74 cm was achieved on Murashige and Skoog’s, 1962 (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1.5 mg/L + NAA 1.0mg/L and highest rooting of in vitro derived shoots was achieved on half MS with IBA 0.75mg/L.
Improving Evaluation of Dental Hygiene Students’ Cultural Competence with a Mixed‐Methods Approach
Authors: Flynn Priscilla , Sarkarati Nassim
Published: January 2018

Most dental hygiene educational programs include cultural competence education, but may not evaluate student outcomes. The aim of this study was to design and implement a mixed‐methods evaluation to measure dental hygiene students’ progression toward cultural competence. Two cohorts consisting of consecutive classes in one U.S. dental hygiene program participated in the study. A total of 47 dental hygiene students (100% response rate) completed self‐assessments to measure their attitudes and knowledge at three time points between 2014 and 2016. Mean scores were calculated for three domains: Physical Environment, Communication, and Values. Qualitative analysis of the students’ cultural diversity papers was also conducted to further evaluate students’ knowledge and skills. Bennett's five‐level conceptual framework was used to code phrases or sentences to place students in the general categories of ethnocentric or ethno‐relative. The quantitative and qualitative results yielded different outcomes for Cohort 1, but not for Cohort 2. The Cohort 1 students assessed themselves statistically significantly lower over time in one of the three measured domains. However, the Cohort 2 students assessed themselves as statistically significantly more culturally competent in all three domains. Qualitative results placed 72% of Cohort 1 students and 83% of Cohort 2 students in the more desirable ethno‐relative category. Since quantitative methods consisting of student self‐assessments may not adequately measure students’ cultural competence, adding qualitative methods to measure skills specific to patient care in this study added a robust dimension to evaluating this complex dental hygiene student competence.
Dental Students’ Perceived Clinical Competence in Prosthodontics: Comparison of Traditional and Problem‐Based Learning Methodologies
Authors: Montero Javier , Dib Abraham , Guadilla Yasmina , Flores Javier , Santos Juan Antonio , Aguilar Rosa Anaya , Gómez-Polo Cristina
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to compare the perceived competence for treating prosthodontic patients of two samples of fourth‐year dental students: those educated using traditional methodologies and those educated using problem‐based learning (PBL). Two cohorts of fourth‐year dental students at a dental school in Spain were surveyed: the traditional methods cohort (n=46) was comprised of all students in academic years 2012 and 2013, and the PBL cohort (n=57) was comprised of all students in academic years 2014 and 2015. Students in both cohorts reported the number of prosthodontic treatments they carried out per year and their perceived level of competence in performing such treatments. The results showed that the average number of treatments performed was similar for the two cohorts, except the number of metal‐based removable partial dentures was significantly higher for students in the traditional (0.8±1.0) than the PBL (0.4±0.6) cohort. The level of perceived competence to treat complete denture patients for the combined cohorts was significantly higher (7.3±1.1) than that for partial acrylic dentures (6.7±1.5) and combined dentures (5.7±1.3). Students’ clinical competence in prosthodontics mainly depended on number of treatments performed as the operator as well as the assistant. Students in the traditional methods cohort considered themselves to be significantly more competent at treating patients for removable partial and fixed prostheses (7.8±1.1 and 7.6±1.1, respectively) than did students in the PBL cohort (6.4±1.5 and 6.6±1.5, respectively). Overall, however, the study found that practical experiences were more important than the teaching method used to achieve students’ perceived competence.
DISAIN PISAU SADAP MANUAL UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KARET (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS)
Authors: Wibowo Suhermanto Agung
Published: January 2018

Pisau sadap untuk eksploitasi tanaman karet yang digunakan di perkebunan karet di Indonesia belum dilakukan standardisasi secara nasional. Kualitas pisau sadap ditentukan dengan pemilihan material logam yang tepat dan dimensi pisau sadap yang sesuai dengan penyadap. Hasil pengamatan di berbagai wilayah perkebunan karet memperlihatkan bahwa pisau sadap memiliki bentuk, dimensi dan material yang sangat bervariasi. Penelitian ini mempelajari kriteria ideal pisau sadap manual yang dapat digunakan oleh penyadap di seluruh perkebunan karet. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei melalui pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung di beberapa Kebun dalam Lingkup PT. Perkebunan Nusantara yang beroperasi di Wilayah Jawa dan Sumatera. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa faktor utama yang menjadi pertimbangan pemilihan pisau sadap oleh penyadap adalah pisau sadap dapat diasah, berat 120-190 g, ketajaman bertahan 2-3 kali pemakaian (3 ancak), genggaman tangan sesuai penyadap, bentuk sudut paritan dan pengikat antara tangkai besi dan gagang harus kuat. Dari hasil penelitian ini juga diperoleh bahwa sudut mata pisau yang membentuk alur atau paritan sadap sekitar 45-50 derajat untuk tanaman yang baru buka sadap dan 60 derajat untuk tanaman muda. Persyaratan lain desain pisau sadap yang ideal antara lain panjang tangkai sesuai dengan tinggi panel sadap dan tinggi postur tubuh penyadap, serta tebal gagang besi minimal 2 mm agar tidak terjadi getaran atau fibrasi pada saat menyadap.
Análise da adesão à terapia antineoplásica oral de pacientes atendidos na farmácia de quimioterapia de um hospital público de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Mesquita Roese Fabiana , Moro Fontana Eliane , Carla de Brito Pereira Karen
Published: January 2018

O câncer de mama é a maior causa de morte por neoplasia no gênero feminino. A terapia hormonal adjuvante é um importante aliado no tratamento do câncer de mama porque melhora a sobrevida e diminui a recorrência da neoplasia. O Tamoxifeno tem sido amplamente utilizado em pacientes com neoplasia de mama que apresentam receptor de estrógeno (RE) positivo por um prazo de até 5 anos. A aceitação do paciente ao tratamento é um importante componente da atenção farmacêutica. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a adesão à terapia antineoplásica oral de pacientes atendidos na farmácia de quimioterapia do Hospital Regional de Mato Grosso do Sul. Trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo retrospectivo de julho a dezembro de 2016, realizado com pacientes maiores de 18 anos (n=95) em uso de hormonioterapia com Tamoxifeno. Observou-se que a maioria dos pacientes estava na faixa etária de 42-60 anos, solteiros, brancos e procedentes de Campo Grande. No estudo, 30,5% dos pacientes deixaram de retirar a medicação em algum dos meses avaliados. A participação do farmacêutico junto à equipe multidisciplinar e ao paciente é essencial no manejo dos efeitos colaterais, reações adversas e promoção da adesão.
Adherencia a la Nutrición Enteral Domiciliaria
Authors: Wanden-Berghe Carmina , Cheikh Moussa Kamila , Sanz-Valero Javier
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Elaborar un cuestionario que permita evaluar la adherencia terapéutica de los pacientes con nutrición enteral domiciliaria (NED).Método: Generación y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la adherencia a la NED. Los ítems se determinaron mediante consenso se expertos. La consistencia interna se comprobó mediante el estadístico de Kuder–Richardson Formula 20. La validez de constructo fue analizada con el método de Rotación Varimax con normalización de Kaiser. La concordancia intra-observador e inter-observador se calculó mediante el índice de Kappa.Resultados: Se determinaron 6 ítems de respuesta dicotómica (si.no) mediante el consenso agrupados en dos categorías: conocimientos y dificultades. Estos ítems ofrecieron una puntuación final relacionada con la adherencia de 0 a 2 = baja; 3 a 4 = moderada; 5 a 6 = alta. La fiabilidad intra-observador obtuvo una concordancia igual a 1 e inter-observadores de 0,93. La consistencia interna fue de 0,721. La validez de constructo analizada mediante un análisis factorial por análisis de componentes principales con método de Rotación Varimax con normalización de Kaiser, identificó 2 componentes principales que agruparon a los ítems en las dos dimensiones del cuestionario.Conclusión: El cuestionario de adherencia nutricional desarrollado se ha mostrado fiable y útil para obtener la información sobre adherencia al tratamiento nutricional, observándose alta validez de contenido, consistencia interna, validez de constructo y estabilidad.
Nucleophilic opening of the 3,5-anhydro ring in 1,2-O-cyclohexylidene- -D-xylofuranose
Authors: Hadzic Pavle , Vukojevic Nada , Popsavin Mirjana , Canadi Janos
Published: January 2018

The reactivity of the oxetane ring in 3,5-anhydro-1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-
-D-xylofuranose (1) was exemplified by its regiospecific nucleophilic
opening. The action of concentrated hydrobromic or hydroiodic acid on 1
resulted in the exclusive formation of the 5-deoxy-5-halo derivatives, while
the action of acetyl chloride or acetyl bromide yielded the corresponding
3-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-5-halo derivatives in 70 - 90 % yield. Under strongly
acidic reaction conditions, the protection of the cyclohexylidene acetal
function remained intact.
Synthesis and reactivity of some mannich bases. VIII. Studies on several mannich bases derived from ortho-hidroxyacetophenones and their conversion into oximino derivatives
Authors: Comanita Eugenia , Roman Gheorghe , Popovici Irina , Comanita Bogdan
Published: January 2018

The synthesis of several Mannich bases resulting from the reaction of
2-hydroxy-4-methylacetophenone with paraformaldehyde and secondary amines
is reported. Another series of products was obtained from N,N-dimethyl
substituted Mannich bases by replacing the amino group with pyrrolidine.
Most of the Mannich bases were transformed into oximes by treatment with
hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 10% NaOH.
SnCl4 induced formation of C7-C16-alkyl D-glucopyranosides1
Authors: Konstantinovic Stanimir , Predojevic Jasmina , Pavlovic Vladimir , Gojkovic Svetislav , Csanádi János
Published: January 2018

The SnCl4 catalyzed glycosylation reaction of -peracetylated sugar
derivative (glucose) with fatty alkanols is used in the synthesis
of C7-C16-alkyl glucopyranosides.
On a class of approximate formulas for total ח-electron energy of benzenoid hydrocarbons
Authors: Gutman Ivan , Soldatovic Tanja
Published: January 2018

The method for obtaining approximate formulas of the (n, m)-type for the
total -electron energy of benzenoid hydrocarbons (communicated in J. Serb.
Chem. Soc. 54 (1989) 189) is simplified and extended so as to include
arbitrary spectral moments. The accuracy of the formulas thus obtained is
very good and these need no additional fitting by means of empirically
determined parameters.
Underpotential deposition of cadmium onto Cu(111) and Cu(110) from chloride containing solutions
Authors: Jovic V.D. , Jovic B.M.
Published: January 2018

Underpotential deposition (UPD) of Cd onto the (111) and (110) faces of
copper in chloride containing electrolyte has been investigated by cyclic
voltammetry and the potentiostatic pulse technique. It was shown that the
UPD of Cd onto the (111) face of copper is characterized by two pairs of
peaks, one pair corresponding to the formation of the (?19 ?19)R23.4?
structure of Cd and the other one, taking place close to the reversible
potential of Cd deposition, corresponding to the alloying of Cu with Cd.
Deposition of (?19 ?19)R23.4? structure of Cd was found to take place by the
mechanism of replacement of the adsorbed structure of chloride, without
chloride desorption (the chloride stays adsorbed on top of the Cd layer).
Similar behaviour was found for the (110) face of copper, with more
pronounced alloying which provokes an irreversible change of the original
(110) surface of copper.
The effect of solvent on the kinetics of the oxidation of 3-methyl-2,6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one by quinolinium fluorochromate in aqueous organic media
Authors: Elango Kuppanagounder
Published: January 2018

The kinetics of the oxidation of 3-methyl-2,6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one by
quinolinium fluorochromate (QFC) have been investigated in aqueous solutions
of dimethyl sulphoxide, 1,4-dioxane, tert-butanol and acetone. The influence
of the added co-solvent on the reactivity were analysed in the light of
various simple and multiple regression equations, viz the Laidler-Eyring,
Grunwald-Winstein, Swain and Kamlet-Taft equations. The obtained results
showed that the solvation phenomenon plays a dominant role on the
reactivity.
Fine structural analysis of the fungal polysaccharide pullulan elaborated by aureobasidium pullulans, CH-1 strain
Authors: Jakovljevic Dragica , Vrvic Miroslav , Radulovic Milanka , Hranisavljevic-Jakovljevic Mirjana
Published: January 2018

The structure of pullulan, the extracellular -D-glucan elaborated by the
yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, may be described as a linear
-D-glucan consisting of maltotriosyl repeat units connected terminally by
(1 6)- -D-glucosidic bonds. Occasionally some of maltotriosyl residues are
replaced by higher oligosaccharide units, most frequently with
maltotetraosyl residues. Using the susceptibility of pullulan CH-1 (obtained
from strain CH-1 of Aureobasidium pullulans) to hydrolysis catalysed by
porcine alpha-amylase, the polysaccharide was cleaved and the fragments
obtained fractionated by gel-permeation chromatography. The heterogenous
size of the fragments indicates that there is no apparent regular
distribution of tetrasaccharide units in the pullulan chain. Enzymatic
digestion of pullulan CH-1 using pullulanase, followed by gel-permeation
chromatography of the resulting digest confirmed these results as did
preparative paper chromatography and CI mass spectrometry of the separated
components, i.e., that maltotetraosyl units (about 7%) are building units
of pullulan CH-1.
Specific refractive index increments of inulin
Authors: Nikolic Goran , Cakic Milorad , Ilic Ljubomir
Published: January 2018

The specific refractive index increments (dn/dc) of inulin in water, at 25
?C, were measured at different wavelengths (436, 546 and 589 nm) using a
BP-differential refractometer. The dn/dc at the operating wavelength (633
nm) of the laser light scattering photometer was calculated by an
approximate method. This value can be used to determine the absolute molar
mass and the second virial coefficient of inulin by light scattering
photometry.
Numerical solution of hydromagnetic peristaltic flow in a porous-saturated heated channel
Authors: Ahmed Raheel , Ali Nasir
Published: January 2018

The hydromagnetic-flow in sinusoidally heated porous channel is studied by utilizing Darcy-Forchiemmer law with Joule heating effect. The Darcy?s resistance term in the momentum equation is acquired by using modified Darcy?s law. The governing equations for flow velocity, temperature, and mass concentration are developed under lubrication approximation, commonly known as long wavelength assumption in the realm of peristaltic flows. A well-tested implicit finite difference scheme is employed to solve the set of these equations along with appropriate boundary conditions. The governing equations involve important parameters namely, Forchiemmer parameter, dimensionless radius of curvature, permeability parameter, Hartmann, Brinkmann, Schmidt, and Soret numbers. The effect of these important parameters on velocity, temperature and mass concentration is illustrated through graphs. The pressure-flow rate relationship and streamlines are also shown. The presence of porous matrix inside the channel impedes the flow velocity and reduces the peristaltic transport and mingling. Moreover, temperature of the fluid rises with decreasing permeability of porous-matrix and Hartmann number.
Analysis of a novel high performance induction air heater
Authors: Unver Umit , Yuksel Ahmet , Kelesoglu Alper , Yuksel Fikret , Unver Halil
Published: January 2018

This study represents an experimental and numerical investigation of the enhanced prototypes of the induction air heaters. For this purpose, flow field is enhanced in order to avoid turbulence. The air mass flow rate, outlet construction and the application of insulation of the outer surface of the heater were selected as the performance enhancing parameters. Depending on the exit construction, the new designed prototypes are named as K-2 and K-3. Experiments were performed under two groups for three various flow rates. In the first group, non-insulation situation is examined. In the second group tests, insulation is applied to the outside of windings and inlet-outlet flaps which constitute the boundary of the control volume for the prevention of heat losses. The increasing flow rate boosted the thermal efficiency by 9%. Each of insulation and enlarging exit cross section increased the thermal efficiency by 13%. It was observed that the thermal power transferred to air with the new prototypes increased about 246 W more than the previous designs. The thermal efficiencies of the K-2 and K-3 type heaters were calculated as 77.14% and 87.1%, respectively.
Visual comfort considered light control methods for energy efficient office buildings: A case study
Authors: Lee Woonsik , Song Kwanwoo , Cho Hyejung
Published: January 2018

This paper presents and investigates the performance of light control methods for energy savings with optimal visual comfort in open-plan office. By grouping personal light zone and tracking user?s location, we can provide an energy efficient light control in the office. Simulation and pilot testing results show that more than 60% energy savings could be achieved while providing recommended visual comfort level for each user. Since the proposed methods provide unprecedented energy savings, it can be said that this is a remarkable energy saving technology in the field of light control.
Energy and economic analysis of an auditorium’s air conditioning system with heat recovery in various climatic zones
Authors: Papakostas Konstantinos , Tiganitis Ioannis , Papadopoulos Agis
Published: January 2018

In many heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications, heat recovery devices are installed, aiming at reducing energy consumption. Especially in buildings requiring a high percentage of outside air for ventilation, there is a high potential for heat recovery from exhaust air. Climatic conditions are an important parameter which affects the recovered heat and the payback period of the heat recovery device. In this paper, a 250 person auditorium is used as a model to estimate the applicability of an air-to-air fixed-plate heat exchanger installed in the air handling unit of the HVAC system. The application is considered for four cities, representative of climatic zones A, B, C, D of Greece, which also represent typical Mediterranean climate conditions. Zone A, Crete and Southern Greece, is similar to Nicosia (Cyprus) and Palermo (Sicily), Zone B, with Athens, corresponds to Rome (Italy) and coastal Spain, Zone C with Thessaloniki is similar to the Toulon (France) and Split (Croatia) and Zone D, with its continental climate is more like Milan (Italy) and Lyon (France). An energy analysis with the modified bin method energy calculation was performed to calculate (a) the heating and cooling energy that can be recovered, (b) the reduction in HVAC equipment, and (c) the expected payback period. For the specific climatic conditions examined, it was proven that: heating energy consumption decreased by 31 to 40%, depending on occupancy, while electric energy consumption didn?t change notably; the payback period does not exceed 24 months, depending on climate zone and occupancy.
Periconceptional folic acid supplementation: Knowledge, attitudes and counselling practice of Serbian pharmacists and pharmacy technicians
Authors: Zekovic Milica , Krajnovic Dusanka , Nikolic Marina , Stojkovic Tatjana , Gurinovic Mirjana , Glibetic Marija
Published: January 2018

Background/Aim. The protective effect of periconceptional folic acid supplementation in reducing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) and other adverse pregnancy outcomes has been scientifically confirmed. The present study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians with regards to counselling women of reproductive age on adequate folate intake. Methods. The cross-sectional study was conducted among the nationwide stratified sample of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, practicing in both private and state-owned community pharmacies in Serbia. The detailed literature review, expert consultation and pre-testing were employed in the questionnaire development. The descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software ver. 22. Results. Among 730 survey participants, 96.6% correctly identified types of deformities that could be prevented by folic acid and 77.0% recognized recommended dosage for women capable of becoming pregnant. However, fewer were able to recognize the optimal timing for folic acid supplementation (61.1%) and the proper dose for the NTD recurrence prevention (42.9 %). While 43.2% of pharmacy technicians thought that it was not their responsibility to provide a counselling concerning the measures for the prevention of congenital anomalies, only 4.7% of licensed pharmacists and none of the interns were of that opinion (?2 = 198.287; df = 4; p < 0.001). The majority of respondents (54.7%) reported provision of informative consultation concerning folic acid once a week, or few times a month, while only 10 stated to do so on a daily basis. In addition, based on self-report, only 36.7% of participants communicates information and advice regarding adequate folate status at their own initiative, while the rest addresses this topic only on the patients request, i.e., reactively. Conclusion. Although participants acknowledged the importance of their role in preconception health promotion, our findings revealed certain knowledge gaps as well as dominantly reactive counselling practice. Tailored educational interventions and professional support are needed to improve the engagement of community pharmacy personnel in this area of public health.
Evaluation of alveolar bone support around incisors in patients with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate in late mixed dentition using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Pan Yingdan , Zeng Yunting , Zhang Zeyu , Liu Yiqin , Jing Yi , Xiao Liwei
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

To evaluate alveolar bone support around cleft-adjacent maxillary central incisors (U1) in patients with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLAP) in the late mixed dentition and to investigate the correlation between the alveolar bone thickness (ABT) and tooth inclination.

Materials and Methods:

Cone beam computed tomography scans of 45 subjects with UCLAP (29 boys, 16 girls; mean age = 10.74 ± 1.08 years) were assessed. The distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest (AC), and the ABTs at 3 mm, 6 mm, and the apex were measured on the labial, lingual and distal surfaces of U1. The cleft and normal sides were compared using a paired t-test and Pearson's χ2 test. Pearson's correlation was used to explore the association between the ABT and tooth inclination of cleft-adjacent U1 in the labiolingual and mesiodistal dimensions.

Results:

The CEJ-AC distances were significantly greater in cleft-adjacent U1 (P < .01), with more bone height reduction observed labially and distally (P < .001). The labial, lingual, and apico-distal ABTs were decreased on the cleft side (P < .01). A positive correlation was found between the apico-labial ABT and the labiolingual inclination (r = 0.568, P < .01).

Conclusions:

Patients with UCLAP have reduced alveolar bone support around the cleft-adjacent U1, and the apico-labial ABT tends to decrease with increasing lingual tooth inclination; however, the correlation was weak.
Enfermeiro docente no ensino técnico em enfermagem
Authors: Sgarbi Aniandra Karol Gonçalves , Missio Lourdes , Renovato Rogério Dias , Hortelan Mayara Paula da Silva Marques
Published: January 2018

Nos últimos anos tem crescido o número de enfermeiros bacharéis na função docente sem um preparo sistematizado para o desempenho desta função. Este estudo objetivou compreender como os enfermeiros foram constituindo-se docentes em cursos técnicos em enfermagem no interior de Mato Grosso do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, de natureza descritivo-explicativa, em que os dados foram analisados mediante o Método de Interpretação de Sentidos, com apoio nos estudos de Nóvoa e Tardif. Pelos resultados, evidenciou-se falta de formação pedagógica para atuar na docência. Se constituíram docentes por meio das atividades diárias desenvolvidas em instituições de saúde, nas quais procuraram refletir sobre suas práticas profissionais como uma possibilidade de formação. Acreditamos que se fazem necessários mais estudos voltados para essa temática, pois diante de um mundo globalizado e capitalista, há de se trabalhar, estudar as condições concretas desses docentes e efetivar reflexões sobre sua formação pedagógica.
Emission of pollutions and air protection on the Czech-Polish border
Authors: Sońta Wojciech
Published: January 2018

The international community decided that the global temperature cannot rise more than 2° C comparing with the level before the period of industrialisation that the climate changes do not reach a dangerous level. Therefore, EU endeavours to induce the member countries to reduce the emissions. In turn, each of the countries in various areas of functioning of their economies and households seeks reduction of harmful emissions having influence on increase of the temperature in the local scale. In this article there is taken an attempt to present the problem based on the example of the Czech-Polish border and especially on the terrain of Cieszyn city.
Civic initiative – between social and market aspect of the Territorial Autonomy's economy on the example of Radom city
Authors: Maj Kalina
Published: January 2018

The subject of this consideration is the validity of existence and functioning of the direct mechanisms responsible for political decisions which are manifested in the process of the civic initiative – the most popular form of civic participation defined as the citizens' share in making decisions by the authorities. The goal of this work is to answer the question about the role and perspective of the civic initiative's progress as a tool of the citizens' effect on the decisions considering placing the wherewithal on the specific local investments. The issue of the civic participation, its mechanisms and the principles of its action presented in this project is discussed on the example of Radom city.
Economic safety aspects of the road traffic in Poland
Authors: Dyr Tadeusz , Ziółkowska Karolina , Jaździk-Osmólska Agata , Kozłowska Małgorzata
Published: January 2018

Road accidents are generating economic and public high costs. They include: losses resulting from the long-lasting or temporary impossibility of creating GDP, expenses on the treatment and rehabilitation of people injured in the accidents, costs of emergency services involvment, payment of compensations and benefits, financial losses or emotional suffering of the accidents' victims and perpetrators' relatives, leading to reduce their economic activity. Statistical data presented in the point out to the high risk of road accidents. Also causes of unsatisfactory level of the road safety improvement in Poland were presented.
Stimulating economic recovery through euro area growth poles: call for more directed unconventional monetary policy measures?
Authors: Kotlebova Jana , Siranova Maria
Published: January 2018

Research background: Transfer of newly created money through unconventional monetary measures follows the official European Central Bank distribution key. Yet, it does not take into account the ability of individual countries to drive growth process in other economies. Money spent to boost domestic credit provisioning in growth pole-like economies is more likely to spill over to other adjoined economies and help them to recover, even in the presence of depressed domestic demand and/or overleveraged domestic banking sector.

Purpose of the article: This paper reports growth pole scores for 19 euro area countries, and compares it to the official distribution key used to transmit newly created source of funding.

Methods: We modify the procedure developed in World Bank (2011) for growth pole com-putation in order to account for strength of linkages connecting member states.

Findings & Value added: Our results suggest that the official distribution key might not be completely optimal once looking at the growth pole scores. Countries small in economic size (Baltic states, Slovakia and Slovenia) would benefit from a more differentiated distribution, as they strongly outperform their benchmark set by the official distribution key. On the other hand, big euro area economies do not achieve the levels used in official distribution key, taking into account their growth pole potential for other euro area economies.
Estimativa do balanço hídrico de uma sub-bacia da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Ipanema com o Modelo SWAT
Authors: Sousa Wanderson dos Santos , Viana Jussara Freire de Souza , Silva Rafael Rodrigues da , Irmão Ricardo Alexandre
Published: January 2018

O uso de modelos hidrológicos tem buscado prever de forma realista os processos hidrológicos que ocorrem em bacias hidrográficas, sobretudo a transformação da precipitação em escoamento superficial e evapotranspiração, dentre os inúmeros modelos existentes atualmente, um dos mais utilizados em todo o mundo é o Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), desenvolvido pelo Agricultural Research Service/United States Department of Agriculture (ARS/USDA) dos Estados Unidos. O estudo objetivou comparar e analisar o balanço hídrico de uma sub-bacia da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Ipanema-PE por meio da estimativa apresentada pelo modelo SWAT e pelo método de Thornthwaite & Mather. Para a realização desta pesquisa foi selecionada uma sub-bacia da bacia hidrográfica do rio Ipanema-PE, inserida no Agreste Pernambucano, que abrange os municípios de Venturosa, Alagoinha, Pedra e Buíque. Os resultados das médias mensais das componentes do balanço hídrico simuladas pelo SWAT foram comparados com as médias mensais simuladas pelo método de Thornthwaite & Mather para a área da sub-bacia. Foram comparados os valores mensais, através de gráficos de dispersão e análise do coeficiente de determinação, da quantidade total de chuva que precipita sobre a área da sub-bacia durante o tempo de simulação, a evapotranspiração real da sub-bacia e a evapotranspiração potencial. O ciclo temporal, considerando valores climáticos mensais para toda a bacia, foi bem representado entres os dois métodos utilizados e para as três variáveis estudadas, precipitação, evapotranspiração real e evapotranspiração potencial.
Composición y estructura de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados y perifiton del río Ejido, Popayán – Cauca
Authors: Morales Velasco Sandra , Salazar Sánchez Margarita Del Rosario , Urrea Ledesma José Dulis
Published: January 2018

El río Ejido es un ecosistema de importancia ecológica y social, que atraviesa gran parte de la ciudad de Popayán convirtiéndose en un eje ambiental, pero las diferentes actividades antrópicas han conllevado a un deterioro del ecosistema. Con el fin de establecer indicadores de este recurso hídrico, se evaluó la comunidad acuática (Macroinvertebrados y Perifiton); realizándose muestreos (4), en cuatro puntos distribuidos sobre la zona urbana de la ciudad, donde se registraron las variaciones de las características fisicoquímicas del agua en relación con la biota presente. De acuerdo a la puntuación otorgada por el BMWP, los 4 puntos de muestreo se catalogan en clase V (≤ 15) siendo aguas fuertemente contaminadas. Se identificaron 18 géneros de algas, los más frecuentes fueron:Anabaena, Chlamydomona, Euglenophyta, Oscillatoria, Trachelomona, Merismopedia y Tabellaria, indicadoras de eutrofia y altos contenidos de materia orgánica; condición debida a los vertimientos de la central de sacrificio (matadero) y de la carencia de sistema de alcantarillado.