bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASTRONOMIA NA SALA DE AULA: POR QUÊ?
Authors: Gama Leandro Daros , Henrique Alexandre Bagdonas
Published: January 2020

Muitas discussões vêm acontecendo sobre a relevância dos temas abordados em sala de aula. Um tema, em particular, é foco deste ensaio: a astronomia. Em que sentido e em que medida valeria a pena abordá-la em aulas, seja de ciências, seja de astronomia especificamente, ou em disciplinas afins? Discutimos neste texto alguns aspectos das vantagens de se tratar essa área do conhecimento nas escolas, levando em conta as dimensões epistemológica e axiológica da astronomia, à luz da visão da ciência como um diálogo inteligente com o mundo, de Bachelard, além da proposta de problematização do conhecimento, de Paulo Freire. Proporemos que de fato a astronomia não precisa ser vista como apenas um novo conjunto de conteúdos a serem ensinados, mas figura como conjunto de temas motivadores para discussões histórico-filosóficas, além de permitir a abordagem de conceitos típicos de outras disciplinas.
OBSERVAÇÃO DO CÉU ALIADA À UTILIZAÇÃO DO SOFTWARE STELLARIUM NO ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA EM TURMAS DE EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS (EJA)
Authors: Bernardes Adriana Oliveira
Published: January 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar um projeto desenvolvido através de parceria entre o Clube de Astronomia de Itaocara Marcos Pontes (CAIMP) e o Colégio Estadual Jaime Queiroz de Souza, ambos localizados na cidade de Itaocara, no Noroeste Fluminense, no sentido de divulgar junto às turmas de EJA (Ensino de Jovens e Adultos) a disciplina Astronomia. Conhecendo o caráter interdisciplinar da Astronomia, desenvolvemos este trabalho para motivar o aprendizado de Ciências junto a alunos de EJA do Ensino Médio que cursam as disciplinas Química, Física e Biologia. Inicialmente, realizamos na escola pesquisa sobre o conhecimento prévio de Astronomia da turma de EJA, observando que é escasso o conhecimento de conceitos básicos do tema, muitos dos quais deveriam ser assimilados através do conteúdo da disciplina Física. Com esses dados, foi possível elaborar várias atividades que possibilitassem um maior envolvimento dos estudantes com a Ciência, realizando dentro da escola um trabalho de alfabetização científica, cujas atividades serão apresentadas neste artigo.
O ENTENDIMENTO DE CONCEITOS DE ASTRONOMIA POR ALUNOS DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: O CASO DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Machado Daniel Iria , Santos Carlos Dos
Published: January 2020

Apresentam-se os resultados de uma investigação sobre a compreensão de conceitos astronômicos básicos, da qual participaram 561 estudantes da quinta série do Ensino Fundamental ao terceiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública da cidade de Foz do Iguaçu. Um teste com 20 questões de múltipla escolha foi aplicado para identificar as concepções mais comuns expressadas pelos alunos. Esse instrumento de coleta de dados foi elaborado com base na literatura sobre concepções alternativas e abordou os seguintes temas: o ciclo dia-noite; os fusos horários; as estações do ano; as fases da Lua; o movimento da Lua; o movimento aparente do Sol na esfera celeste; os eclipses; as dimensões e distâncias no Universo; o brilho das estrelas e sua observação da Terra. Embora se tenha verificado um pequeno progresso na proporção de respostas cientificamente aceitáveis ao se cotejar a oitava série do Ensino Fundamental com a quinta, e a terceira série do Ensino Médio com a primeira, houve o predomínio de concepções alternativas em relação à maior parte dos temas explorados, as quais persistiram até o último ano da Educação Básica. A comparação com dados encontrados em investigações realizadas em outros contextos socioculturais revelaram, em muitos aspectos, noções e dificuldades similares manifestadas pelos estudantes.
The Effect of Aging and Surface treatments on Micro-shear Bond Strength of Resin Nano-Ceramic Material Using Two Resin Cements
Authors: Said Ayman Mohammed
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of aging and different surface treatments on micro-shear bond strength of two resin cements to resin nano-ceramic composite blocks using an in-vitro study.

Materials and methods: Blocks of resin nano-ceramic (Lava Ultimate, 3M, St Paul, Minnesota, USA) were used to prepare eight plates having the following dimensions: (14mm × 12mm × 2mm). After plates preparation they were assigned to two main groups according to the surface treatment applied, either hydrofluoric acid etching and silane or sandblasting and silane. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface topography of the Lava-Ultimate plates before and after application of surface treatments. Two resin cements were used; dual cured adhesive resin cement (Bifix QM, VOCO, Cuxhafen, Germany) and dual cured self-adhesive resin cement (Bifix SE, VOCO, Cuxhafen, Germany) to create a five resin micro-cylinders received on each lava ultimate plate. Ten specimens from each subgroup were tested after 24 hours and the other ten specimens were tested after aging in saline for 6 months. Micro-shear bond strength test was applied until failure. . Multi-factorial ANOVA test and One-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: Both resin cements showed statistically significant decrease on bond strength after aging. Before aging, both surface treatments with adhesive resin cement showed statistically significant higher micro-shear bond strength mean values than with self-adhesive resin cement. After aging sandblasting showed a statistically significant higher micro-shear bond strength mean values with adhesive resin cement, while hydrofluoric acid etching revealed a statistically non-significant higher values with adhesive resin cement than self-adhesive resin cement.

Conclusion: For both surface treatments and resin cements aging had a detrimental effect on micro- shear bond strength.
The separation of seed-bolls by long-fibred flax from stalks with the help of flax comb machine
Authors: V. Makayev, , V. Vasyliuk,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. The determination dependence of the quality flax tows long-fibred stalks in hatchel flax combing machines from the zone on seed bolls location in the stripe stalks and geometrical parameters of hatchel flax combing machine.
Methods. Methods of empirical and experimental researches with absolute sequence parameters are used.
Results. The influence factors on formation of stem ribbon, which falls into the combing apparatus of comb type, are established. These are the peculiarities of the technology growing flax and taking height of standing stalks. The zone of stalk stripe, which gets under the influence of combing machine flax thresher PML-1 are defined.
Conclusions. The stalks in stripes laying out which are spread with the help of flax-pulling machines are arranged unevenly and have certain stretching out which influences the width of the seed boll zone. The width of the active zone in hatchel flax combing machines is 45.5 sm. The constructive position of the hatchel flax combing machine relatively to the conveyer let it separate seed bolls from the stalk stripe in the distance from the roots to the beginning of the seed boll zone not less than 32 m.
Keywords: long-fibred flax, a seed-boll, flax combing machine.
The technical tool for digging the roots of the miskanthus with their division into rhizomes
Authors: I. Kasprovich, I.
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Reducing the cost of manual labor for the excavation roots of the miskanthus with their division into rhizomes.
Methods. Analytical using modern design and technological solutions of technical means for excavation rhizomes of miscanthus with their division into rhizomes.
Results. A new design and technological scheme of a technical means for digging rhizomes of the miscanthus with their division into rhizomes has been developed.
Conclusions. The proposed technical means for digging the rhizomes of the miskanthus pre-cuts them into longitudinal bands, provides for the separation rhizomes from the earth and their separation into rhizomes, which further reduces the cost of manual labor for the preparation landing material.
Keywords: technical tool, roots, miskanthus, rhizomes, design and technological scheme.
The spreading model of the material in the working chamber of the batch grinder
Authors: V. Bratishko, , V. Rebenko, , D. Milko, , A. Khmelovska,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Set the nature of the distribution of bulk material in the working chamber of a batch grinder with a steady state of its operation.
Methods. Theoretical principles of classical mechanics, mechanics of liquids and gases.
Results. A general mathematical model of the material distribution in the chamber batch grinder is obtained. This model allows determining the height of the material layer at an each point in the working chamber of the batch grinder at a certain distance from the axis rotation of the working bodies and interconnects the physical and mechanical properties of the crushed raw material, technological parameters of the grinder and its mode of operation. The character of the obtained model indicates that it corresponds to the well-established ideas about the distribution of loose media in the working chamber of the batch grinder.
Conclusions. As a result of theoretical studies, a mathematical model of the distribution of bulk material in a cylindrical working chamber of a batch grinder with a steady state of operation was obtained in general terms.
Assumptions made in the course of research prove the feasibility of conducting experimental studies to verify the adequacy and refinement of the model.
Keywords: grinding, bulk material, batch grinder, character of distribution, surface shape.
Method of calculation specific electrical conductivity of soil environment by working electrodes of information and technical system in local operational monitoring of agro-biological state of agricultural lands
Authors: O. Brovarets,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Develop a methodology for calculating the specific electrical conductivity of the soil environment with working electrodes to ensure the required quality of implementation of the main technological processes in plant cultivation thanks to integrated information and technical systems for operational monitoring of the agro-biological state of agricultural lands.
Methods. Theoretical scientific method with the use of the laws of theoretical mechanics and scientific laws of electro-dynamic measurement for the construction of a method for calculating the specific conductivity of the soil environment by working electrodes of the information and technical system local operational monitoring the agro-biological state of agricultural lands.
Results. The generalized formula for calculating the specific electrical conductivity of the soil environment by working electrodes information and technical system of local operational monitoring of agro-biological state of agricultural lands was obtained.
Conclusions. The proposed method for calculating the specific electrical conductivity of the agro-biological ground environment by the stationary contact method of the working electrodes of the information and technical system local operational monitoring will allow obtaining reliable data on the state of the soil environment by reducing the error in determining the value of the electrical conductive properties soil, providing individual stabilization of the working electrodes and the mechanism of lifting / lowering the workers electrodes, copying roughness inequalities on the environment, reduction the intensity destruction of the soil structure, self-cleaning working contact electrode and ensuring the stability of the electrical contact electrode with the soil due to the improvement of the design of the device with the use of the proposed technical solutions.
The result of using the device for determining the electrically conductive properties soil environment construction of Alexander Brovaryts is an increase in profits of 20–30% by optimizing the seeding rate of the process material, taking into account the agro-biological state of agricultural lands.
Keywords: information and technical system, local operational monitoring, soil, samples, variability, size, research.
Determination parameters of the precipitating electrode of the electrotechnical means for cleaning air of livestock buildings from harmful gases and bacterial contamination
Authors: Y. Gerasymchuk, , O. Adamenko, , A. Lavrishchev, , Y. Novoselytskiy,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Get dependence to determine the mass of the chemical adsorbent which is contained on the rotating precipitating electrode of the electrotechnical means, taking into account the kinetics of the process of air purification of livestock buildings from harmful gases and bacterial contamination with the complex use of electrophysical and chemical methods of decontamination and air purification.
Methods. Analysis of the influence of chemical adsorbent and crown discharge field on the efficiency of air purification of livestock buildings from harmful gases and bacterial contamination. Experimental researches for determination of basic parameters of a precipitating electrode of an electrotechnical means.
Results. Scheme of the electrotechnical means with the complex using of electrophysical and chemical methods of purification and disinfection of recirculation air of ventilation emissions from ammonia, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and bacterial contamination. Polynomial dependence for determining the mass of a chemical adsorbent which is contained on a rotating depositing electrode.
Conclusions. Complex using of the electrotechnical means for air purification from harmful gases and bacterial contamination of the recirculation air flow and the utilization heat of ventilation emissions with the implementation anti-icing protection heat exchange surface of the recuperative heat utilizers allows to reduce the level of air exchange and significantly reduce energy costs to provide regulatory airspace of livestock buildings in the cold season. On the disks of precipitating electrodes of an electrotechnical mean for cleaning and disinfection of recirculation air of ventilation emissions, it is necessary to fix a polymer mesh with an area of cellules of 16 mm2, and the frequency rotation of the discs to support within the range from 0.25 s-1 to 1 s-1.
Keywords: microclimate, heat utilizer, recuperate, air purification, corona discharge, precipitating electrode.
Development of ultraviolet bactericidal recirculator for air purification of livestock buildings
Authors: O. Dovbnenko, , I. Kolesnik,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Improving the efficiency of the air purification process through the use of the created design and determining the rational parameters of the luminescent ultraviolet bactericidal air recirculator for livestock buildings.
Methods. Methods of analysis, mathematical modeling and engineering methods for calculating irradiation installations are used.
Results. The methods of application of ultraviolet bactericidal (UVB) plants for purification and disinfection of the air environment in agricultural premises are analyzed. Impact mechanism established of UVB radiation and ozone for pathogenic microflora and harmful impurities in the air of livestock premises is substantiated. The grounded design, the method of engineering calculation and the technical parameters of the UVB air recirculator are determined. Experimental samples of UVB recirculators of air in livestock buildings were made and the results of their production tests are presented.
Conclusions. UVB recycle converter with application of luminescent UVB lamps with installed capacity = 180 W and air capacity
= 1800 m3/h provides bactericidal efficiency = 75%, and with
= 1000 m3/h – bactericidal efficiency = 90%.
Keywords: recirculator, ultraviolet, bactericidal, ozone, air purification, disinfection, microclimate of livestock buildings.
Increased durability parts of tillage machines, adapted to soils of different types
Authors: M. Vаsylenko, , D. Buslаiev, , O. Kаlinin, , Yu. Kononogov,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Justification of rational parameters of hardening of the working bodies of tillage machines by the method of electro arc processing.
Methods. The experimental, mathematical and statistical, monographic.
Results. The technology of local hardfacing, which improves the wear resistance of the surfaces of the parts of modification with the use of electro arc processing and with additional point hardfacing with the use of variations in processing modes, various technological methods and materials for adaptation to specific operating conditions.
Conclusions
1.According to the results of theoretical studies, the heat balance of the process of electrical contact processing was determined, which allows to determine the most significant factors affecting the energy performance of the process, namely, the controlled voltage U of the arc process of electrical contact processing.
2.According to the results of experimental studies, rational values of the controlled voltage U in the process of electro arc processing within 35–55 V were established, which ensures surface roughness in the range from 0.4 to 1.0 mm.
Keywords: electro arc processing, hardfacing, heat balance, parts of tillage machines, regimes, roughness, wear resistance.
Development and calculation of a new constructive scheme of spiral potato heap cleaner
Authors: V. Bulgakov, , I. Holovach, , Z. Ruzhylo, , V. Rybalko,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Improvement of quality and productivity of potato peeling process by means of development and substantiation of new construction of spiral peeler taking into account reduction of losses and damages of potato tubers.
Methods. Development of a new construction of a spiral cleaner is based on the application of basic principles of agricultural machinery construction, patent search and methods of calculation of basic construction parameters of the machine.
Results. In the paper the authors developed a new construction of spiral potato peeler capable of active self-cleaning from sticky soil, effective removal of soil and plant impurities and qualitative cleaning of potato tubers with their minimal losses and damages. Presence of five wave-likely located working spirals has given the chance to expand considerably a working zone of separation of an arriving potato heap that promotes its better dispersal on a working surface of a cleaner, more intensive destruction of soil clods, and hence improvement of sifting of soil and vegetative impurity and reduction of clogging of working spirals that finally raises productivity and working capacity of a potato cleaner. The process of cleaning the tubers from soil and plant impurities is carried out due to the movement of the potato heap by means of the coils of the console fixed spiral springs rotating at a certain angular speed and the oscillatory movement of the springs themselves, arising due to the deflection of their longitudinal axes under the influence of the weight of the heap cleaner entering the working area. Soil and vegetable impurities are sieved through separating gaps and spiral coils, and potato tubers are transported by spiral coils towards the discharge conveyor.
Conclusions
1. A new construction of the potato peeler has been developed, the main difference of which is five cantilever mounted cleaning spirals,arranged in waves at different heights, which allowed to expand the cleaning working area and improve the quality of cleaning potato tubers from soil impurities and plant residues.
2. The expediency of developing a new construction of the potato heap cleaner is confirmed by its efficient operation, high quality of cleaning of tubers from soil and plant impurities, ability of working bodies to self-clean from sticky soil, simplicity of construction and reliability in operation, increase of the cleaner's productivity.
3. Calculations of the required power for the drive of the new spiral cleaner have shown that it does not exceed 1.3 kW.
4. Preliminary calculations show that the use of the proposed spiral potato peeler cleaner will improve the quality of potato tubers cleaning from impurities by 15...20% in comparison with the triochspiral cleaner.
Keywords: potato heap, tuber, impurities, purification spiral, coils, oscillatory motion, self-cleaning.
Substantiation effectiveness of local strengthening cultivator paws using wear-resistant material
Authors: M. Vаsylenko, , D. Buslаiev, , O. Kаlinin, , Yu. Kononogov,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Reducing the cost of technological operations for tillage due to increased resource cultivator paws.
Methods. Monographic, mathematical-statistical, economic-mathematical, graphic-analytical.
Results. The methodical approach to determining the economic efficiency of local hardening of cultivator paws using wear-resistant powder material with the aim of increasing the resource is substantiated. The limits of increasing the resource of cultivator paws KPE-410 and the maximum value of the cost of its hardening for the effective functioning of industrial enterprises are substantiated.
Conclusions. The effectiveness of local hardening of the cultivator paw KPE-410 using wear-resistant powder material is achieved under the condition that the resource of the hardened cultivator paw is more than 18.7% of the serial sample.
Provided that the resource of the strengthened cultivar's paw is 37% of the serial, in order to ensure efficiency, the cost price of hardening of one cultivar's foot KPE-410 should not exceed 112.5 UAH.
It was established that with the cost of hardening of the cultivar leg Sz = 53.77 UAH and its resource 55 hectares, the economic efficiency is 109%.
Keywords: efficiency, local strengthening, resource, working bodies of tillage machines, cost of hardening.
Information technology as a basis of creating “smart” agricultural machinery
Authors: V. Mironenko,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Formalize requirements to information systems “smart” machines to increase efficiency of agro industrial production.
Methods. Analysis of the possibilities of improving the efficiency of agricultural production by building a hardware based control systems with elements of artificial intelligence. Synthesis of the systems of automatic control by technological processes of crop production on the basis of modern information technologies.
Results. Components of the information “intelligent” machines in the plant. The core technology of information mining.
Conclusions. Further development of the maintenance of agricultural production should be based on creating technology 5th technological level, which involves the saturation technique by means of information, computing and electronics for operational changes in modes of working bodies in order to achieve the optimum phase condition of the object being processed.
Keywords: operations systems of adaptive management, artificial intelligence, information technology.
Ecological safety in agricultural production as a component of sustainable development
Authors: O. Lusuy, , L. Sheludchenko, , Y. Pavelchuk, , S. Zamojskiy,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Scientific substantiation of the functioning of the system “cultivation – soil – ecological safety” for ensuring sustainable development in agriculture and implementation of the main priorities for adaptation of agricultural activity in conditions of climate change.
Methods. The methods of system analysis were us to achieve a sufficient level of environmental safety of the functioning of the agro-ecosystem “сultivation – soil –ecological safety”.
Results. The significance of the functioning of the “cultivation – soil – ecological safety”, as an important component of sustainable development in agriculture in accordance with the generally accepted national development program of the country.
Conclusions. The use of a systematic approach in agricultural production allows us to successfully solve and use a multitude of practical issues related to the improvement of agroecosystem management, since its crisis ecological and economic situation requires a new approach to solve the acquired problems. Consequently, it is the scientifically grounded management that can target the influence of the control subsystem (machining) on the object of operation (soil), in which the managed system passes into a safe state (providing an adequate level of environmental safety), at which a given objective is achieved.
Keywords: agroecosystem, system, influence, soil cultivation, soil erosion, soil compaction, ecological safety, sustainable development.
Experimental inspection of the dosing-sowing device by unmanned aerial vehicle for the resettlement of trichogrammes
Authors: S. Maranda,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Improving the quality of the trichograms' resettlement by establishing rational operating modes of the dosing and sowing device of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Methods. Experimental studies using the method of planning a three-factor experiment, methods of statistical data processing.
Results. Based on the analysis of the technical means for resettlement of the trichograms, the design of the dosing-sowing device of a unmanned aerial vehicle for the resettlement of the trichogram was substantiated. As a result of the experimental studies, it was established that during the deployment of a trichogram with a dosing-seeding device, a stable leakage of the material due to ejection was ensured by using diaphragms with a diameter of 2.5 mm or more.
According to the results of the research it was established that with the increase in flight altitude, the quality of material distribution does not change significantly. But factors such as the height of the plants and the presence of obstacles on the field must be taken into account, so it is necessary to keep the flight altitude not less than 5 m.
Due to changing the size of the confuser, the range of flight of the particle did not change, which leads to the conclusion to use a smaller cone of diameter due to which reduces the frontal resistance.
When using a dosing-seeding device for resettlement of a trichogram on a quadracycle, due to air flow from propellers, the width of the capture significantly decreases. Therefore, for the qualitative distribution of biomaterials on the surface of the field, the distance between adjacent passages should be 6 m.
Conclusions
1. The height of the flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle during the resettlement of the trichogram must not be less 5 m from the upper edge of the plant.
2. The uniform distribution of material on the surface of the field depends on the flight speed, which should be within the range of 3–5 m/s.
3. The quality of the material distribution increases from the right choice of the width of the ceiling, which should be about 6 m.
Conclusions: dosing sowing device, ejector, unmanned aerial vehicle, biological protection of plants, reshaping of trichograms, norm of settlement, width of capture.
Economic evaluation of the introduction by precision technological line for the separation of sunflower seed
Authors: Elchin Bakhtiyar ogli Aliiev,
Published: January 2020

Purpose. Determine the economic efficiency of the developed precision technological line for the separation sunflower seed during the breeding process.
Methods. Calculations are made by the method economic evaluation of equipment at the testing stage, which is the industry standard of Ukraine – DSTU 4397-2005 and GSTU 3-37-4-94. A simple interlinear hybrid was selected as the object economic evaluation the separation of seed mixture during the selection and seed-growing process. The priority selection is the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS. The rational precision technological line developed for the separation of sunflower seed material was compared with the traditional one based on the results of theoretical and experimental researches.
Results. Based on the requirements the accuracy technological processes of cleaning and separation seed mixture, a rational technological line has been developed for the processes separation of seed material sunflower for pre-sample and basic seed production.
Calculations show that the proposed rational technological line for the separation of sunflower seed material has higher capital investments (30%) and in accordance with this the costs for depreciation, repairs and maintenance – 34.4%, but lower energy costs – 12.7%, labor costs – 61.1%. In addition, the proposed line compared to the traditional provides an additional economic effect – 8.6%, which is achieved by preventing the loss liquid seed in the process separation of seed mixture.
Conclusions. The specific economic effect from the breeding ground the parent components of the sunflower hybrid. Priority (0.5 hectares), subject to the cost of the seed F1 obtained (80000 UAH/t) is 6906.77 UAH/t. At the same time, the payback period for additional investments is 2.12 years.
Keywords: sunflower, hybrid, seed, separation, precision processing line, evaluation, economic efficiency.
A Characterization of Circle Graphs in Terms of Multimatroid Representations
Authors: Brijder Robert , Traldi Lorenzo
Published: January 2020

The isotropic matroid $M[IAS(G)]$ of a looped simple graph $G$ is a binary matroid equivalent to the isotropic system of $G$. In general, $M[IAS(G)]$ is not regular, so it cannot be represented over fields of characteristic $\neq 2$. The ground set of $M[IAS(G)]$ is denoted $W(G)$; it is partitioned into 3-element subsets corresponding to the vertices of $G$. When the rank function of $M[IAS(G)]$ is restricted to subtransversals of this partition, the resulting structure is a multimatroid denoted $\mathcal{Z}_{3}(G)$. In this paper we prove that $G$ is a circle graph if and only if for every field $\mathbb{F}$, there is an $\mathbb{F}$-representable matroid with ground set $W(G)$, which defines $\mathcal{Z}_{3}(G)$ by restriction. We connect this characterization with several other circle graph characterizations that have appeared in the literature.
On the Volumes and Affine Types of Trades
Authors: Ghorbani Ebrahim , Kamali Sara , Khosrovshahi Gholamreza B. , Krotov Denis
Published: January 2020

A $[t]$-trade is a pair $T=(T_+, T_-)$ of disjoint collections of subsets (blocks) of a $v$-set $V$ such that for every $0\le i\le t$, any $i$-subset of $V$ is included in the same number of blocks of $T_+$ and of $T_-$. It follows that $|T_+| = |T_-|$ and this common value is called the volume of $T$. If we restrict all the blocks to have the same size, we obtain the  classical $t$-trades as a special case of $[t]$-trades. It is known that the minimum volume of a nonempty $[t]$-trade is $2^t$. Simple $[t]$-trades (i.e., those with no repeated blocks) correspond to a Boolean function of degree at most $v-t-1$. From the characterization of Kasami–Tokura of such functions with small number of ones, it is known that  any simple $[t]$-trade of volume at most $2\cdot2^t$ belongs to one of two affine types, called Type (A) and Type (B) where Type (A) $[t]$-trades are known to exist. By considering the affine rank, we prove that $[t]$-trades of Type (B) do not exist. Further, we derive the spectrum of volumes of simple trades up to $2.5\cdot 2^t$, extending the known result for volumes less than $2\cdot 2^t$. We also give a characterization of "small" $[t]$-trades for $t=1,2$. Finally, an algorithm to produce $[t]$-trades for specified  $t$, $v$ is given. The result of the implementation of the algorithm for $t\le4$, $v\le7$ is reported.
Constructions of Maximum Few-Distance Sets in Euclidean Spaces
Authors: Szöllősi Ferenc , Östergård Patric R.J.
Published: January 2020

A finite set of vectors $\mathcal{X}$ in the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$ is called an $s$-distance set if the set of mutual distances between distinct elements of $\mathcal{X}$ has cardinality exactly $s$. In this paper we present a combined approach of isomorph-free exhaustive generation of graphs and Gröbner basis computation to classify the largest $3$-distance sets in $\mathbb{R}^4$, the largest $4$-distance sets in $\mathbb{R}^3$, and the largest $6$-distance sets in $\mathbb{R}^2$. We also construct new examples of large $s$-distance sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for $d\leq 8$ and $s\leq 6$, and independently verify several earlier results from the literature.
Lattice Representations with Set Partitions Induced by Pairings
Authors: Chiaselotti Giampiero , Gentile Tommaso , Infusino Federico
Published: January 2020

We call a quadruple $\mathcal{W}:=\langle F,U,\Omega,\Lambda \rangle$, where $U$ and $\Omega$ are two given non-empty finite sets, $\Lambda$ is a non-empty set and $F$ is a map having domain $U\times \Omega$ and codomain $\Lambda$, a pairing on $\Omega$. With this structure we associate a set operator $M_{\mathcal{W}}$ by means of which it is possible to define a preorder $\ge_{\mathcal{W}}$ on the power set $\mathcal{P}(\Omega)$ preserving set-theoretical union. The main results of our paper are two representation theorems. In the first theorem we show that for any finite lattice $\mathbb{L}$ there exist a finite set $\Omega_{\mathbb{L}}$ and a pairing $\mathcal{W}$ on $\Omega_\mathbb{L}$ such that the quotient of the preordered set $(\mathcal{P}(\Omega_\mathbb{L}), \ge_\mathcal{W})$ with respect to its symmetrization is a lattice that is order-isomorphic to $\mathbb{L}$. In the second result, we prove that when the lattice $\mathbb{L}$ is endowed with an order-reversing involutory map $\psi: L \to L$ such that $\psi(\hat 0_{\mathbb{L}})=\hat 1_{\mathbb{L}}$, $\psi(\hat 1_{\mathbb{L}})=\hat 0_{\mathbb{L}}$, $\psi(\alpha) \wedge \alpha=\hat 0_{\mathbb{L}}$ and $\psi(\alpha) \vee \alpha=\hat 1_{\mathbb{L}}$, there exist a finite set $\Omega_{\mathbb{L},\psi}$ and a pairing on it inducing a specific poset which is order-isomorphic to $\mathbb{L}$.
On Forbidden Poset Problems in the Linear Lattice
Authors: Xiao Jimeng , Tompkins Casey
Published: January 2020

In this note, we determine the maximum size of a $\{\mathrm{V}_{k}, \Lambda_{l}\}$-free family in the lattice of vector subspaces of a finite vector space both in the non-induced case as well as the induced case, for a large range of parameters $k$ and $l$. These results generalize earlier work by Shahriari and Yu.  We also prove a general LYM-type lemma for the linear lattice which resolves a conjecture of Shahriari and Yu.
أثر استخدام استراتيجية التدريس التبادلي في تنمية فهم المقروء لدى طالبات من قسم الإعداد اللغوي بجامعة الراية
Authors: Hanifah Nur
Published: January 2020

Learning strategies are the steps that the students use to enhance their learning process. Strategies are important in learning a language in particular, as they are effective, self- directed is able to offer progress in a smart way and can increase their self- confidence. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher was used a scientific method, that is the experimental method. Sample of the study consisted of thirty (30) female students from STIBA of Ar-Raayah, where the sample was divided into two groups: the experimental group consisted of (15) female students, and the control groups consisted of (15) female students. The instrument of the study is a test of reading skill before and after applying Reciprocal teaching, which paved the researchered to know the impact of using reciprocal teaching method in development of reading comprehension skill. This study had shown that there were good effect of using reciprocal teaching strategy in the development reading comprehension skill for students, proved that this strategy helps to develop of reading comprehension skill and measurement for variation method teaching in STIBA of Ar-Raayah.
دور دراسة علم المعاني لدى طلاب مستوى ثاني الكلية في فهم الأساليب البلاغية في سورة آل عمران الأمر نموذجاً
Authors: Sapaat Rahmat , Rohim Abd.
Published: January 2020

The study aims to analyze Students skill level of second semester of STIBA Ar-Raayah in understanding Asãlîb al-Amr and the meaning in al-Quran, and analyze how far the role of learning Al-Ma’ãnî towards students in understanding Al- Asãlîb Al- Balãghiyyah in al-Quran. From the result of test that is conducted, obtained the research results as follows: 1) In surah Ali Imron there are 56 verses contain the number of amr that is 78 numbers, 36 numbers show the meaning of amr hakiki and 51 number show the meaning of amr majazi, 2) A study of Al-Ma’ãnî has a major role towards the students of second semester STIBA AR-Raayah in understanding Al-Asãlîb Al-Balãghiyyah in al-Quran. It is obtained from the test result where 74,4% of students can comprehend and answer correctly the meanings of Amr that are contained in some verses which have applied the test to them, that proportionate with 25,6% of students who do not answer correctly. 3) The researcher finds some ways to increase the skill level of students in understanding Al-Asãlîb Al-Balãghiyyah in al-Quran, including by increasing the example from al-Quran verse with the interpretation, and by increasing more practice with various methods.
دراسة تقابولية بين اللغة العربية واللغة الإندونيسية على مستوى النعت والاستفادة منها في تعليم اللغة العربية للمبتدئين الإندونيسيين
Authors: Saipuddin  , Hilabi Abdurrahman
Published: January 2020

This study is aimed to know the adjectives between the Arabic language and Indonesian language in order to determine the similarities and differences among them in terms of morphology, syntax, and semantics, and then to predict the difficulties that will be faced by Indonesian students during the teaching activities, and then to propose a method of teaching based on the result of the contrastive study to teach Arabic language at the level of adjectives for beginner Students of Indonesian. This study uses the methodology of descriptive analysis to identify the characteristics of adjectives in Arabic and Indonesian, and then using the method of comparative analysis to compare Arabic and Indonesian language at the level of adjectives in order to obtain the similarities and differences between these both languages. The results of this research are: the first is there are similarities and differences of adjectives in Arabic and Indonesian in terms of morphology, syntax, and semantics, and the second is by this research can be used in preparing lessons and methods for teaching the Arabic language at the level of adjectives for the beginner students of Indonesian.
الوقف والابتداء في سورة يس والاستفادة منهما في تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Warisman Sugeng
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out the knowledge of Al-Waqaf and Al-Ibtida' on the letter of Yaasin, and applying it to the teaching of Arabic.The method of completing this study is based on a scientific approach, namely: descriptive analytical method. Then Al-Waqaf and Al-Ibtida' are divided into four parts: taam, kaafin, hasan, and qabiih. And taam is a sentence not related to the sentence after or before in terms of meaning and words, and if the connection is in terms of meaning without words then it is referred to as kaafin, then if the connection is in terms of meaning and words but the meaning of the sentence does not change then it is called hasan , then if the relevance in terms of meaning and words then changes the meaning of the sentence then it is called qabiih. Then the knowledge of Al-Waqaf and Al-Ibtida' can also be implemented in the teaching of Arabic, which can be implemented through dialog formulations or texts or some examples of exercises.
الوقف والابتداء في القرآن الكريم والاستفادة منهما في تعليم اللغة العربيةفي سورة الشورى نموذجا
Authors: IDRIS SAAD , MULYADI
Published: January 2020

Surely Arabic language has a very high degree in Islam, in which the last holy book was revealed, and that’s Alqur’an. It is also the language of Islamic society and civilization whose authenticity will endlessly be protected until the judgement day, since Alloh guaranteed its authenticity as he said in surah Al hijr : 9 ) “ indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur’an and indeed, We will be its guardian” because of its very high degree, the muslim scholars encourage all muslims to learn and teach this language. Mastering Arabic language requires complete understanding of Arabic grammars, two of which are “alwaqf” and “Al Ibtida’I”. They are one of the important grammars that help readers of Qur’an, teachers and students to understand the meaning of Qur’anic Verses correctly so that they make no mistake or problem that might lead to false meaning when reading or speaking about Quranic Verses.  In this topic researcher used an analytical descriptive approach, that is to find information related to the topic to gain the result, analyze it and lastly implement it in the teaching of Arabic language.This research proved that Waqf, a study which studies about how to cut reading intended to avoid any fallacy of meaning among Quranic Verses, and Al-Ibtida, a study that studies how to begin a reading intended to complete the meaning of Qur'anic verses, And that the Waqf and Al ibtida’  is divided into four sections namely Tam, Kaf, Hassan, and qobih, and can be used in the field of teaching the Arabic language, by putting them in the sentences useful and in the texts of reading and dialogue, and then the teacher to explain the positions of stop and start in the sentences useful in view of grammatical provisions.
الكلمات الساساكية ذات أصل عربي في معجم اللغة الساسكية الإندونيسية
Authors: Abu Al-Khair Salman , Sudrajat Jajat
Published: January 2020

The study used an analytical descriptive method that described the right subject, with this method the researcher was able to describe the vocabulary of the Sasak language from Arabic   (from the letter S to Z) in the Sasak - Indonesian dictionary and followed by analysis of each word in the form of a formula and its meaning so that these words can be utilized in teaching Arabic according to the variations of the words. Study result prive: 1) Whereas in the Sasak-Indonesian dictionary there are 91 Sasak language vocabularies from Arabic   (letter S to Z). 2) Based on the available data, there are four forms of meaning changes in the absorption words from Arabic into the Sasak language, namely: Arabic vocabulary which contains the same meaning in Sasak language, Arabic vocabulary which has expanded meaning in Sasak language, Arabic vocabulary who experienced a narrowing of meaning in Sasak language vocabulary that experienced a change in meaning in Sasak language. 3) These absorption words can be used for teaching Arabic for the Sasak tribe in various ways and methods.
القلب المكاني في معجم تهذيب اللغة وعلاقة معانيه والاستفادة منه في تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها
Authors: Rizkiani Putri Wahyu
Published: January 2020

Al-Qolbu Al-Makani (Metathesis is the transpositition of sounds or letters in a word) in Tahdzib Al-Lughoh is the fluctuation of the letters in Arabic words by presenting forward or backword which does not result in the change of meaning. This is the linguistic development that is occurred through the times and the changing of the Arab generations that resulted the different pronunciation of the words from one tribe to the others that produced a new word whose characters and meaning were identical.The study was then intended to reveal the volatility of Al-Af’al Al-Mahmuzah (verb that contain the letter of hamzah  (أ)and therelationship of the meanings of these words, and to learn to benefit from these contractions in Arabic instruction in the teaching of vocabulary in particular. This study used the qualitative opproach, which was an analytical description, i.e. the way the study was collected, the analysis of the flipping in Tahdzib Al-Lughoh dictionary and then the meaning of the words inverted. The collected data were then verified analytically that it can show the relationship of the meaning of those words. The outcome of this study was highlighted as follows: 1)Al-Qolbu Al-Makani in Al-Af’al Al-Mahmuzah are marginalized in Tahdzib Al-Lughoh of like other chapters, but it was included in chapters of Al-Lafif or Al-Ajwaf. 2) The relationship between the meanings of the words reflected in Al-Qolbu Al-Makani is carried one meaning, which was indicated of the inclusion by Ibnu Jinni in his book as Mukhoshos. 3) The application of metathesis in teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers by using the vocabulary in the sentences.
ANALISIS KATA ADIL DALAM AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Irawan Rudi
Published: January 2020

تسعى هذه المقالة إلى بيان معاني العدل في القرآن الكريم، والعدل في القرآن له معان عدة مختلفة، والمعهود عندنا أن العدل هو نوع من الصفات الحميدة فقط، إلا أن سياق الآيات التي أوردت لفظ العدل قد تؤثر في معانيه وتتغير. وفي هذه المقالة سرد لمعاني العدل الاصطلاحية، وقد عرف العلماء معاني العدل واصطلحوه بما يرون من فهومهم، وفي القرآن نفسه عدة معان للعدل، وقد ذكر في القرآن العدل في أربعة عشر موضعا من السور بصيغة المصدر وأربعة عشر في ثلاثة عشر موضعا من السور بصيغة الأفعال: الماضي والمضارع والأمر وبعدة معان
المفردات الاصطلاحية في كتاب توضيح مقاصد العقيدة الواسطية لشيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية
Authors: Ashar Nurdiansyah
Published: January 2020

This study aims to find out the terms of Islamic Aqeedah in the book of Taudhihi Maqashid Al-Aqidah Al-Wasithiyyah written by Syaikh Islam Ibnu Taymiah, and analyze these terms by presenting several examples of their methods of use to enrich the language repertory of STIBA Ar Raayah students, while reviving the heritage of Islamic language that is related to the terminology of Islamic Aqeedah, and also aims to develop curriculum that can facilitate the learning process in the field of Arabic language education. This study uses descriptive—analytic method, explicitly by inventorying the terms of Islamic Aqeedah in the book of Taudhihi Maqashid Al-Aqidah Al-Wasithiyyah Li Syaikhil Islam Ibnu Taymiah, thus analyzing those terms etymologically and terminology by referring to Arabic dictionaries and Aqeedah books. The results of this study conclude that there are Islamic Aqeedah terms in the book of Taudhihi Maqashid Al-Aqidah Al-Wasithiyyah Li Syaikhil Islam Ibnu Taymiah, and the total number of these terms reaches 84 words, and defines each term both etymologically and terminologically, hence describing several examples of the methods of use to enrich the language of STIBA Ar Raayah students.
(الوقف والابتداء في القرآن الكريم والاستفادة منهما في تعليم اللغة العربية (سورة الذاريات نموذجا
Authors: Al Muniroh Wahdah Nusaibah , Sagala Saadiah Ratnasari
Published: January 2020

The scholars' concern with the knowledge of the Waqf and the Ibtida of their writings indicates that it is valuable in the sciences of the Qur'an. Since the Qur’an was revealed in Arabic, the teaching of this language is needed by the students of knowledge. The researcher wanted to highlight the relationship between the science of Waqf and Ibtida and teaching the Arabic. The research aimed to uncover the phenomenon of Waqf and Ibtida in the sciences of the Qur’an and their relationship with the teaching of the Arabic, and then clarify the proposed method to take advantage of the analysis of the Waqf and Ibtida limited in Surah Al-Dzariat in the teaching of the Arabic. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used  descriptive analytical method based on the qualitative analysis model of Miles and Huberman. She followed its three steps that begins from data reduction and then data display and conclution, to obtain important data in the analysis of the issues of Waqf and Ibtida from that surah. The research had resulted in a number of results, the most important of which is to clarify the importance of the science of Waqf and Ibtida in the sciences of the Qur'an, and that this science is relevant to the teaching of the four language skills, and the appropriate way to apply the rules of Waqf and Ibtida in the teaching of Arabic is to carry out language training in accordance with the rules.