bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CMTM6 as a candidate risk gene for cervical cancer: Comprehensive bioinformatics study
Authors: Huang Xiaoting , Liu Wei , Liu Chunshan , Hu Jijie , Wang Baiyao , Ren Anbang , Huang Xiaona , Yuan Yawei , Liu Jinquan , Li Mingyi
Published: December 2022

Background: CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) is an important programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 regulator (PD-L1). CMTM6 was reported as an important regulator of PD-L1 by promoting PD-L1 expression in tumor cells against T cells. However, the function of CMTM6 in cervical cancer is not well characterized. In addition, the role of CMTM6 in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the context of cervical cancer is unknown.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the role of CMTM6, including gene expression analysis, miRNA target regulation, and methylation characteristic, using multiple bioinformatics tools based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression of CMTM6 in cervical cancer tissues and non-cancerous adjacent tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry. In vitro and in vivo function experiments were performed to explore the effects of CMTM6 on growth and metastasis of cervical cancer.

Results: Human cervical cancer tissues showed higher expression of CMTM6 than the adjacent non-cancerous tissues. In vitro assays showed that CMTM6 promoted cervical cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 signaling pathway. We identified transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and immune cells that may interact with CMTM6.

Conclusion: These results indicate that CMTM6 is a potential therapeutic target in the context of cervical cancer.
Zero-defect manufacturing terminology standardization: Definition, improvement, and harmonization
Authors: Sousa João , Nazarenko Artem , Grunewald Christian , Psarommatis Foivos , Fraile Francisco , Meyer Olga , Sarraipa João
Published: December 2022

Zero-Defect Manufacturing (ZDM) is the next evolutionary step in quality management for manufacturing that makes use of Industry 4.0 technologies to support quality in manufacturing. These technologies help reduce the cost of inspection, allowing for more inspection points throughout the manufacturing process, reducing the size of quality feedback loops, and guaranteeing that no defective product is delivered to the customer. There are several ZDM-related initiatives, but still no harmonized terminology. This article describes the methodological approach to provide a common agreement on the ZDM concept and its associated terminology taking place within an open CEN-CENELEC Workshop. The methodology has the support of ISO standards for terminology work such as ISO 704, ISO 860, and ISO 10241–1/2. This work shows that the terminology for ZDM has a significant overlap with the terminology of quality management, metrology, dependability, statistics, non-destructive inspection, and condition monitoring. The proposed new terms and definitions can be used to further extend ISO’s and IEC’s already available terminologies and support present and future researchers in the field to conduct their research using a common vocabulary.
Characterization of circular RNAs in dorsal root ganglia after central and peripheral axon injuries
Authors: Cao Hong-Jun , Huang Li , Zheng Meng-Ru , Zhang Tao , Xu Ling-Chi
Published: December 2022

In central nervous system, axons fail to regenerate after injury while in peripheral nervous system, axons retain certain regenerative ability. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron has an ascending central axon branch and a descending peripheral axon branch stemming from one single axon and serves as a suitable model for the comparison of growth competence following central and peripheral axon injuries. Molecular alterations underpin different injury responses of DRG branches have been investigated from many aspects, such as coding gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and histone acetylation. However, changes of circular RNAs are poorly characterized. In the present study, we comprehensively investigate circular RNA expressions in DRGs after rat central and peripheral axon injuries using sequencing analysis and identify a total of 33 differentially expressed circular RNAs after central branch injury as well as 55 differentially expressed circular RNAs after peripheral branch injury. Functional enrichment of host genes of differentially expressed circular RNAs demonstrate the participation of Hippo signaling pathway and Notch signaling pathway after both central and peripheral axon injuries. Circular RNA changes after central axon injury are also linked with apoptosis and cellular junction while changes after peripheral axon injury are associated with metabolism and PTEN-related pathways. Altogether, the present study offers a systematic evaluation of alterations of circular RNAs in rat DRGs following injuries to the central and peripheral axon branches and contributes to the deciphering of essential biological activities and mechanisms behind successful nerve regeneration.
Inflammation-activated C/EBPβ mediates high-fat diet-induced depression-like behaviors in mice
Authors: Li Yiyi , Chen Hongyu , Wang Jianhao , Wang Jiabei , Niu Xuan , Wang Chao , Qin Dongdong , Li Fang , Wang Yamei , Xiong Jing , Liu Songyan , Huang Liqin , Zhang Xi , Gao Feng , Gao Dandan , Fan Mingxia , Xiao Xuan , Wang Zhi-Hao
Published: December 2022

Depression, one of the most common causes of disability, has a high prevalence rate in patients with metabolic syndrome. Type 2 diabetes patients are at an increased risk for depression. However, the molecular mechanism coupling diabetes to depressive disorder remains largely unknown. Here we found that the neuroinflammation, associated with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes and obesity, activated the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in hippocampal neurons. This factor repressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and caused depression-like behaviors in male mice. Besides, the loss of C/EBPβ expression in C/EBPβ heterozygous knockout male mice attenuated HFD-induced depression-like behaviors, whereas Thy1-C/EBPβ transgenic male mice (overexpressing C/EBPβ) showed depressive behaviors after a short-term HFD. Furthermore, HFD impaired synaptic plasticity and decreased surface expression of glutamate receptors in the hippocampus of wild-type (WT) mice, but not in C/EBPβ heterozygous knockout mice. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory drug aspirin strongly alleviated HFD-elicited depression-like behaviors in neuronal C/EBPβ transgenic mice. Finally, the genetic delivery of BDNF or the pharmacological activation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone reversed anhedonia in a series of behavioral tests on HFD-fed C/EBPβ transgenic mice. Therefore, our findings aim to demonstrate that the inflammation-activated neuronal C/EBPβ promotes HFD-induced depression by diminishing BDNF expression.
Impact of daily vitamin D3 supplementation on the risk of vitamin D deficiency with the interaction of rs2282679 in vitamin D binding protein gene (GC) among overweight and obese children and adolescents: A one-year randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asghari Golaleh , Yuzbashian Emad , Nikparast Ali , Najd Hassan Bonab Leila , Mahdavi Maryam , Daneshpour Maryam S. , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Mirmiran Parvin
Published: December 2022

Background

The rs2282679 polymorphism in the vitamin D binding protein (DBP) gene may influence the response to vitamin D supplementation. Therefore, we examine the effect of 1-year vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with the interaction of rs2282679 polymorphism in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Materials and methods

The participants (n = 300) were part of a randomized controlled trial who received a daily supplement of either 1,000 or 2,000 IU or four supplements of 1,000 IU weekly (equal to 600 IU daily) of vitamin D3 for 12 months. Genotyping was performed using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR).

Results

The mean of 25(OH)D values at baseline for participants with the TT, TG, and GG genotypes were 15.4, 14.4, and 10.8 ng/mL, respectively, and were not different between the three genotype groups (P = 0.062). A significant reduction in VDD was observed after vitamin D supplementation with dosages of 1,000 or 2,000 IU compared to 600 IU. No significant association of genotypes with risk of VDD was observed in each intervention group after vitamin D supplementation, except, that individuals with TG genotype showed a higher risk of VDD compared to those with TT genotype in the 2,000 IU group after 6 months of supplementation [odds ratio (95% CI): 6.94; 1.30–37.02]. We observed no interaction between time duration, three genotypes, and dosages with serum 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone levels.

Conclusion

Response to vitamin D supplementation by three doses of 600, 1,000, and 2,000 IU could not be affected by rs2282679 polymorphism during 12 months in overweight and obese children and adolescents.
HER-2-positive primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the breast with signet ring feature: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Li Yunjin , Cao Yi , Wu Xiaoying , Liu Ruijie , Wang Kuansong
Published: December 2022

Background

Primary neuroendocrine neoplasm of the breast (BNEN) is an uncommon breast neoplasm, and in most cases, it presents as hormone receptors positive and HER-2 negative. Moreover, in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), the signet ring feature is a rare morphological subtype, and only a few cases have been reported. Here, we report the case of a primary breast neuroendocrine neoplasm with an unusual signet ring cell appearance in this paper. The documentation of this case, combined with a review of the literature, may add to existing knowledge about the outcome and management of this rare tumor.

Methods

In the present review, we describe a unique case of HER-2-positive primary BNEN with a signet ring feature that has not been reported in English. Additionally, we performed a literature search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases and calculated statistics for clinical data and follow-up.

Results

Our literature search, excluding non-English literature, identified 15 articles with data from 24 cases, including ours. The mean age was 51.25 years (range, 30–79 years), and there were 13 male patients (54%) and 11 female patients (46%). Of the 24 cases, some cases (11/24) were associated with lymph node metastases, a few cases (6/24) had distant metastasis, and the vast majority of cases (23/24) occurred in the digestive system. Primary hepatic signet ring cell neuroendocrine tumor showed slow progression and good prognosis. Lymph node involvement was identified in one of eight (12.5%) documented cases, and one of eight (12.5%) reported cases presented with distant metastatic disease. However, the prognosis of neuroendocrine tumors with signet ring cells in the pancreas and stomach was poor. Lymph node involvement was identified in 9 of 15 (60%) documented cases, and 5 of 15 (33.3%) reported cases presented with distant metastatic disease.

Conclusion

NENs with a signet ring feature is uncommon, and this is the first case report of its occurrence in the breast. Current knowledge is limited to anecdotal experience based on case reports and small case series. We provide a literature review to summarize knowledge about this rare entity.
Nivolumab-induced capillary leak syndrome associated with chylothorax in a melanoma patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Neuville Carole , Aubin François , Puzenat Eve , Popescu Dragos , Crepin Thomas , Nardin Charlée
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Adverse events (AEs) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are frequent and mainly due to an overactivity of the immune system leading to excessive inflammatory responses (immune-related AE) that can affect any organ of the body. Beside the most frequent AEs, there are rare AEs whose diagnosis and treatment can be challenging. We report here a singular case of capillary leak syndrome (CLS) associated with chylothorax occurring in a patient who has been treated with adjuvant nivolumab (anti-PD1) for resected AJCC stage IIB primary melanoma.

Case presentation

A 43-year-old woman was diagnosed with a nodular stage IIB melanoma of her left thigh, according to the AJCC 8th edition (T3bN0M0). The woman was treated with adjuvant nivolumab. She stopped the treatment after 4 infusions due to thrombopenia. Three months later, she developed facial and leg edema and ascites due to capillary leak syndrome. The CLS was associated with chylothorax and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor. The patient was initially treated with several pleural puncturing and steroids. CLS and chylothorax progressively decreased with intravenous immunoglobulins and fat-free diet without recurrence of melanoma at one-year follow-up.

Conclusion

CLS is a rare and potentially life-threatening AE of ICIs such as anti-PD1. This AE may be associated with chylothorax probably related to lymphatic permeability induced by anti-PD1.
Co-management strategies for acute myeloid leukemia patients in the community setting
Authors: Benton Christopher , Grunwald Michael R. , Safah Hana , Kasner Margaret
Published: December 2022

The treatment landscape for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has changed substantially in recent years. The introduction of newer therapies, including oral agents, less myelosuppressive agents, and parenteral regimens suitable for outpatient administration, has made it feasible for select patients to receive therapy in the outpatient setting and in community practices. Thorough patient evaluation (including molecular testing), planned supportive care (eg, transfusion support, antimicrobial prophylaxis), and vigilant patient monitoring (for tumor lysis syndrome and adverse events) by a multidisciplinary team are required for successful management of patients both in the community and at specialized leukemia centers. Some patients are unable or unwilling to travel to larger academic centers for treatment, and treatment of AML in the community setting may have potential advantages compared to less conveniently located academic/leukemia centers. This includes reduction of financial hardship for patients and their families and often better opportunities for family/caregiver support. Additionally, partnership between community practices and academic/leukemia centers is often crucial to optimizing AML management for many patients, as collaboration may facilitate access to additional expertise and trials, multidisciplinary teams for supportive care, easier transition to hematopoietic cell transplantation, and access to sophisticated molecular testing. In this review, we discuss AML treatment and management in the community setting, available therapies, and circumstances in which a referral to and co-management with an academic/leukemia center is more strongly recommended.
Tumor genomic profiling and personalized tracking of circulating tumor DNA in Vietnamese colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Nguyen Huu Thinh , Nguyen Trieu Vu , Nguyen Hoang Van-Anh , Tran Duc Huy , Le Trinh Ngoc An , Le Minh Triet , Nguyen Tran Tuan-Anh , Pham Thanh Huyen , Dinh Thi Cuc , Nguyen Tien Sy , Nguyen The Ky Cuong , Mai Hoa , Chu Minh Tuan , Pham Dinh Hoang , Nguyen Xuan Chi , Ngo Ha Thien My , Nguyen Duy Sinh , Nguyen Du Quyen , Lu Y-Thanh , Do Thi Thanh Thuy , Truong Dinh Kiet , Nguyen Quynh Tho , Nguyen Hoai-Nghia , Giang Hoa , Tu Lan N.
Published: December 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most common cancer with rising prevalence in Vietnam. However, there is no data about the mutational landscape and actionable alterations in the Vietnamese patients. During post-operative surveillance, clinical tools are limited to stratify risk of recurrence and detect residual disease.

Method

In this prospective multi-center study, 103 CRC patients eligible for curative-intent surgery were recruited. Genomic DNA from tumor tissue and paired white blood cells were sequenced to profile all tumor-derived somatic mutations in 95 cancer-associated genes. Our bioinformatic algorithm identified top mutations unique for individual patient, which were then used to monitor the presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in serial plasma samples.

Results

The top mutated genes in our cohort were APC, TP53 and KRAS. 41.7% of the patients harbored KRAS and NRAS mutations predictive of resistance to Cetuximab and Panitumumab respectively; 41.7% had mutations targeted by either approved or experimental drugs. Using a personalized subset of top ranked mutations, we detected ctDNA in 90.5% of the pre-operative plasma samples, whereas carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated in only 41.3% of them. Interim analysis after 16-month follow-up revealed post-operative detection of ctDNA in two patients that had recurrence, with the lead time of 4-10.5 months ahead of clinical diagnosis. CEA failed to predict recurrence in both cases.

Conclusion

Our assay showed promising dual clinical utilities in residual cancer surveillance and actionable mutation profiling for targeted therapies in CRC patients. This could lay foundation to empower precision cancer medicine in Vietnam and other developing countries.
Metastatic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma showing a sustained response to cabozantinib: A case report
Authors: Blum Veronika , Andrei Vanghelita , Ameline Baptiste , Hofer Silvia , Fuchs Bruno , Strobel Klaus , Allemann Anna , Bode Beata , Baumhoer Daniel
Published: December 2022

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare and aggressive sarcoma subtype with high risk for distant metastases and poor prognosis. Currently NCCN- and ESMO-Guidelines recommend using Ewing sarcoma protocols as standard treatment. Nevertheless, in localized disease overall 5-year survival rates are below 50% whereas in metastatic spread median progression-free survival rates of only 5 months can be expected. Here we present a patient with metastatic osseous spread of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma that showed a sustained clinical improvement and a good partial response on imaging over a period of one year when treated with the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib. Although we cannot explain the exact mechanism underlying this treatment effect, tumors with similar genetic patterns might respond to the same therapy as well.
Detection of spontaneous preterm birth by maternal urinary volatile organic compound analysis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ronde Emma , Frerichs Nina M. , Brantenaar Shauni , El Manouni El Hassani Sofia , Wicaksono Alfian N. , Covington James A. , De Boer Nanne K. H. , De Meij Tim G. , Hankemeier Thomas , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Schoenmakers Sam
Published: December 2022

Accurate prediction of preterm birth is currently challenging, resulting in unnecessary maternal hospital admittance and fetal overexposure to antenatal corticosteroids. Novel biomarkers like volatile organic compounds (VOCs) hold potential for predictive, bed-side clinical applicability. In a proof of principle study, we aimed to assess the predictive potential of urinary volatile organic compounds in the identification of pregnant women at risk for preterm birth. Urine samples of women with a high risk for preterm birth (≧24 + 0 until 36 + 6 weeks) were collected prospectively and analyzed for VOCs using gas chromatography coupled with an ion mobility spectrometer (GS-IMS). Urinary VOCs of women delivering preterm were compared with urine samples of women with suspicion of preterm birth collected at the same gestation period but delivering at term. Additionally, the results were also interpreted in combination with patient characteristics, such as physical examination at admission, microbial cultures, and placental pathology. In our cohort, we found that urinary VOCs of women admitted for imminent preterm birth were not significantly different in the overall group of women delivering preterm vs. term. However, urinary VOCs of women admitted for imminent preterm birth and delivering between 28 + 0 until 36 + 6 weeks compared to women with a high risk for preterm birth during the same gestation period and eventually delivering at term (>37 + 0 weeks) differed significantly (area under the curve: 0.70). In addition, based on the same urinary VOCs, we could identify women with a confirmed chorioamnionitis (area under the curve: 0.72) and urinary tract infection (area under the curve: 0.97). In conclusion, urinary VOCs hold potential for non-invasive, bedside prediction of preterm birth and on the spot identification of intra-uterine infection and urinary tract infections. We suggest these observations are further explored in larger populations.
Transporter and metabolizer gene polymorphisms affect fluoroquinolone pharmacokinetic parameters
Authors: Annisa Nurul , Barliana Melisa I. , Santoso Prayudi , Ruslami Rovina
Published: December 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that occurs globally. Treatment of TB has been hindered by problems with multidrug-resistant strains (MDR-TB). Fluoroquinolones are one of the main drugs used for the treatment of MDR-TB. The success of therapy can be influenced by genetic factors and their impact on pharmacokinetic parameters. This review was conducted by searching the PubMed database with keywords polymorphism and fluoroquinolones. The presence of gene polymorphisms, including UGT1A1, UGT1A9, SLCO1B1, and ABCB1, can affect fluoroquinolones pharmacokinetic parameters such as area under the curve (AUC), creatinine clearance (CCr), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), half-life (t1/2) and peak time (tmax) of fluoroquinolones.
Network analysis of spreading of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the state of Bahia based on notified, confirmed and discarded cases
Authors: Santos Eslaine S. , Miranda José G. V. , Saba Hugo , Skalinski Lacita M. , V. Veiga Rafael , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Cardim Luciana L. , Paixão Enny S. , Barreto Maurício L. , Teixeira Maria Glória , Andrade Roberto F. S.
Published: December 2022

Despite successful results of using complex networks to model and characterize the spread of dengue cases, works to date have mainly used data from primarily reported cases, without further consideration whether they were later confirmed or not. On the other hand, a study of the interdependence of confirmed and discarded cases of arboviruses have emphasized that the co-circulation of three arboviruses—dengue, Zika and chikungunya—may have led to false diagnoses due to several similarities in the early symptoms of the three diseases on acute phase. This implies that case notifications of one disease could be confirmed cases of others, and that discarded cases must be taken into account to avoid misinterpretations of the phenomenon. In this work we investigated the consequences of including information from discarded and confirmed cases in the analysis of arbovirus networks. This is done by firstly evaluating the possible changes in the networks after removing the discarded cases from the database of each arbovirus, and secondly by verifying the cross-relationship of the indices of the networks of confirmed and discarded cases of arboviruses. As will be detailed later on, our results reveal changes in the network indices when compared to when only confirmed cases are considered. The magnitudes of the changes are directly proportional to the amount of discarded cases. The results also reveal a strong correlation between the average degree of the networks of discarded cases of dengue and confirmed cases of Zika, but only a moderate correlation between that for networks of discarded cases of dengue and confirmed cases of chikungunya. This finding is compatible with the fact that dengue and Zika diseases are caused by closely related flaviviruses, what is not the case of the chikungunya caused by a togavirus.
Realisation of acoustic black holes using multi-material additive manufacturing
Authors: Austin Beth , Cheer Jordan
Published: December 2022

Acoustic black holes (ABHs) have been widely accepted as an effective passive vibration control technique, with multiple configurations investigated for different applications. However, traditional manufacturing techniques may limit the potential geometries and configurations of the ABH. For example, the required damping layer has to be applied to the surface of the ABH taper rather than being embedded throughout or within the taper. In addition, conventional subtractive manufacturing is particularly wasteful for the realisation of ABHs, which rely on the removal of material to create a tapering structure. Therefore, in this work, we investigate the use of multi-material additive manufacturing as a potential solution, which avoids waste material in the manufacturing process and is capable of realising complex geometries, such as enclosing one material inside another. An ABH taper in a beam termination application has been implemented using polymer multi-material inkjet printing. The additively manufactured ABH was modelled using finite element analysis, before being manufactured and experimentally tested to enable an investigation of the vibration attenuation capabilities of such an ABH realisation.
Jack of all trades: Genome assembly of Wild Jack and comparative genomics of Artocarpus
Authors: Patil Ajinkya Bharatraj , Vajja Sai Samhitha , Raghavendra S. , Satish B. N. , Kushalappa C. G. , Vijay Nagarjun
Published: December 2022

Artocarpus (Moraceae), known as breadfruits for their diverse nutritious fruits, is prized for its high-quality timber, medicinal value, and economic importance. Breadfruits are native to Southeast Asia but have been introduced to other continents. The most commonly cultivated species are Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit) and Artocarpus altilis (Breadfruit). With numerous smaller but nutritionally comparable fruits on a larger tree, Artocarpus hirsutus, also called “Wild Jack” or “Ayani”, is an elusive forest species endemic to Indian Western Ghats. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the whole genome of Artocarpus hirsutus sampled from the sacred groves of Coorg, India. To decipher demographic and evolutionary history, we compared our Wild Jack genome with previously published Jackfruit and Breadfruit genomes. Demographic history reconstruction indicates a stronger effect of habitat rather than phylogeny on the population histories of these plants. Repetitive genomic regions, especially LTR Copia, strongly affected the demographic trajectory of A. heterophyllus. Upon further investigation, we found a recent lineage-specific accumulation of LTR Copia in A. heterophyllus, which had a major contribution to its larger genome size. Several genes from starch, sucrose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, in Artocarpus species had signatures of selection and gene family evolution. Our comparative genomic framework provides important insights by incorporating endemic species such as the Wild Jack.
De Novo transcriptome combined with physiological analyses revealed key genes for cadmium accumulation in Zhe-Maidong (Ophiopogon japonicus)
Authors: Zhao Qian , Li Qing , Lin Shuting , Hou Ruijun , Liu Jianying , Tao Yachen , Li Ye , Zhou Yifeng , Ye Zihong , Yu Xiaoping , Huang Jun
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that severely threatens safe food production. Zhe-Maidong, a well-known Chinese traditional herbal medicine, is susceptible to Cd stress. However, the characteristics of Cd transformation and migration, as well as the regulatory system for genes conferring Cd accumulation of Zhe-Maidong, remains an essential issue to be addressed.

Methods

Zhe-Maidong seedling growth in Cd-contaminated and uncontaminated soil was conducted for 90 days. The Cd concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and the Cd2+ fluorescence probe detected Cd distributions. The root transcriptome of Zhe-Maidong was then evaluated using various Cd stress hydroponic treatments designated Cd-0, Cd-M, and Cd-H.

Results and discussion

The enrichment factor (EF) value in the root was four times that of the leaves, indicating that the root has a high ability to absorb and accumulate Cd. The Cd2+ were mainly distributed in the root hair and the epidermis in both roots and leaves, revealing that the epidermal cells of roots may collect Cd2+ and also have an outstanding role in Cd2+ uptake. A total of 50 DEGs involved in Cd translocation and accumulation were identified. Among these DEGs, ANN, ABCC2/4, HMA1- 5, and CCX gene expression were positively correlated with EF-root, EF-leaf, EF-total, Cd-leaf, Cd-root, and Cd-plant, indicating their role in Cd transport and accumulation under Cd-stress. These data could be helpful in uncovering the Cd accumulation characteristics in Zhe-Maidong, as well as provide a bioinformatic foundation for investigations on finding gene functions and the screening of candidate genes related to Cd accumulation.
Characterization and evaluation of Greek tomato landraces for productivity and fruit quality traits related to sustainable low-input farming systems
Authors: Tagiakas R. I. , Avdikos I. D. , Goula A. , Koutis K. , Nianiou-Obeidat Irini , Mavromatis A. G.
Published: December 2022

Tomato is one of the most important horticultural species all over the world, having high level of consumption and employing many people, both in the primary sector (farmers) and in the secondary sector (traders, seed companies and processors). Nowadays, the use of commercial tomato F1 hybrids tends to prevail because of high yield potential and homogeneity of fruits which are often characterized by lack of quality and sensory characteristics. In contrast, tomato landraces have outstanding quality traits, such as high concentration of antioxidants and organoleptic compounds, as well as often include desirable genes in their genome for adaptability, plasticity, response to low-input conditions, and high fruit nutritional value. Thus, they are appropriate material in the use of sustainable agricultural management systems or as gene donors for the development of new type of tomato cultivars suitable for low-input farming systems. The present experimental study refers to 22 Greek tomato landraces and two commercial cultivars (cv. Macedonia and the F1 hybrid Formula) used as controls, which were characterized by phenotypical markers and evaluated under low-input sustainable farming conditions. Specifically, during this research, measurements were taken regarding yield potential (early production, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, total yield) and fruit quality traits, such as physicochemical characteristics (pH, acidity, and soluble solid components – Brixο) also according to nutritional value (content of ascorbic acid, lycopene, total carotenoids, and total phenolics) of tomato fruits. In the most promising landraces (cv. Milo Chalkidiki, cv. Eratiras, cv. Lotos, cv. Aspros lotos, cv. Pantaroza, cv. Karabola and cv. Kardia Vodiou), having comparable yield and fruit quality traits with commercial cultivars, intrapopulation “Pure line selection” method, under low-input farming conditions was applied for two years. Following this approach, we succeed to determine the level of yield potential and provide information for the nutritive value and utilization of typical tomato landraces, improving their yield and fruit quality traits, following a mild intrapopulation selection under low-input farming conditions. This data pipeline is expected to be of interest for organic farmers and processors of high nutritive tomato products, with low carbon footprint for the environment.
Ruptures and resurgences: Marking the spatiality of transgender identity in India since the enactment of Transgender Persons Act 2019
Authors: Gupta Nikhil K.
Published: December 2022

Transgender groups in India constitute an indigenous community with a rich and vivid culture and history. However, it is unfortunate that under the hegemonic influence of heteronormative traditions, the democratic inclusion and accommodation of transgender groups could never take place. This exclusion and neglect have recently been challenged through the activism of several groups, which has given rise to a new chapter in the democratic unfolding in India. This article attempts to evaluate the social activism of transgender groups on two planes. One plane attempts to evaluate it in terms of the uniqueness of an indigenous social movement and the areas that distinguish it from other social movements. It is interesting to note that what started as a purely identity-based social movement has now acquired dimensions of redistributive justice. The second plane attempts to evaluate the social activism of transgender groups in terms of the achievements and advances made by the movement on the social and political fronts. This evaluation is necessary in order to appraise the trajectory of the politics of transgender groups, which could foretell the direction of the activism and help in understanding the future scope and direction. The article takes up three arguments in the context of the legal framework put in effect by the state. The first point of discussion is the effectiveness of the transgender ID provided by the Transgender Persons Act and the possible challenges and loopholes related to it. While the state provides legal recognition through the issuance of the transgender ID card, it only remains a symbolic marker as the de facto identity remains unchanged, unless changed by the person themselves. The second point of discussion is the emerging rift amongst transgender groups with respect to the reforms introduced recently. This rift has a tendency to pull in the opposite direction, causing tensions. The final aspect of my discussion relates to the subsequent challenges that emerge from the legal recognition of transgender persons. These challenges touch upon the various aspects of legal, political, social, and economic policymaking and are inevitable for understanding the concerns of transgender persons in India.
ICT literacy, resilience and online learning self-efficacy between Chinese rural and urban primary school students
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Huang Xinyi , Lei Xinyu , Wen Jiajie , Lu Minghui
Published: December 2022

In the process of large-scale online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, students’ online learning has caused widespread public concerns. This study investigated the relationships between Chinese rural and urban primary school students’ information communications technology (ICT) literacy, student resilience, and online learning self-efficacy in a large-scale online education environment during the pandemic in China. We compared 5,037 primary school students in rural areas to 5,045 primary school students in urban areas with matching gender and grade in nine regions in China’s Guangdong province, using a survey comprising an ICT literacy scale, a student resilience scale, an online learning self-efficacy scale, and an ICT devices scale. The ICT literacy, resilience and online learning self-efficacy of primary school students in rural areas were significantly lower than those in urban areas (p < 0.01). The primary school students’ ICT literacy was significantly associated with student resilience and online learning self-efficacy. Student resilience played a mediating role between ICT literacy and online learning self-efficacy, while the rural/urban area factor moderated the relationship between ICT literacy and student resilience. These findings suggest that ICT literacy is more scarce and important for primary school students in rural areas of China than for those in urban areas. Improving ICT literacy among primary school students can enhance students’ resilience and thus improve their online learning self-efficacy, especially in rural areas.
Dual orexin receptor antagonists for treatment of insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of suvorexant and lemborexant
Authors: Khazaie Habibolah , Sadeghi Masoud , Khazaie Sepideh , Hirshkowitz Max , Sharafkhaneh Amir
Published: December 2022

Study objectives

Recent treatment guidelines for chronic insomnia recommend pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. One of the contemporary drug options for insomnia includes dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA), such as suvorexant and lemborexant. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for the treatment of insomnia with suvorexant and lemborexant based on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Trials.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search on three databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) till August 14, 2021, without any restrictions to retrieve the relevant articles. The effect sizes were computed presenting the pooled mean difference or risk ratio along with 95% confidence interval of each outcome.

Results

Our search showed eight articles (five for suvorexant and three for lemborexant). Results of diary measures, rating scales, polysomnography results, treatment discontinuation, and adverse events were measured. All efficacy outcome measures favorably and significantly differed in the suvorexant compared to placebo. Safety profile did not differ significantly except for somnolence, excessive daytime sleepiness/sedation, fatigue, back pain, dry mouth, and abnormal dreams. Important adverse events including hallucinations, suicidal ideation/behavior and motor vehicle accidents did not differ between suvorexant and placebo. All the efficacy outcomes significantly differed between lemborexant 5 and lemborexant 10 compared to placebo. Somnolence rate for lemborexant 5 and lemborexant 10 and nightmare for lemborexant 10 were significantly higher than placebo.

Conclusion

The present meta-analysis reported that suvorexant and lemborexant are efficacious and safe agents for the patients with insomnia. Further data in patients with insomnia and various comorbid conditions are needed.
Societal preferences for funding orphan drugs in China: An application of the discrete choice experiment method
Authors: Tan Shuoyuan , Wang Yu , Tang Yuqing , Jiang Rong , Chen Mingsheng , Chen Haihong , Yang Fan
Published: December 2022

Objectives

To explore whether a societal preference for orphan drugs exists in Chinese general public and to quantitatively measure the personal trade-off between essential attributes of orphan drugs through a discrete choice experiment.

Methods

A labeled discrete choice experiment was employed to measure public preference. Six attributes (impact of diseases on life-years, impact of diseases on quality of life, availability of alternative drug treatments, annual cost per patient paid by medical insurance, expected increases in life-expectancy, and improvements to the quality of life) were identified through a literature review, experts' suggestions, and stakeholders' semi-structured interviews, then refined through a pre-survey. The current study used a D-efficient design to yield 27 choice sets divided into three blocks with nine questions containing the labeled treatment (either orphan drugs or common drugs). Information on sociodemographic characteristics and individual preferences was collected through a web-based questionnaire using convenience sampling. A mixed logit model was used to test societal preferences for orphan drugs over common drugs, while a binary logit model was used to measure the relative importance of each attribute in orphan drug access for the National Reimbursement Drug List and its willingness to pay.

Results

A total of 323 persons participated in this study. Respondents largely had indifferent attitudes toward orphan drugs and common drugs. The binary logit model results showed that 5 of the 6 attributes were significant, except for the availability of alternative drug treatments. The most impacted factor was the annual cost per patient paid by medical insurance (β = −1.734, odds ratio [OR] = 0.177). Among non-economic attributes, the impact of diseases on life-years—with no treatment, the patient will die in the prime of life (β = 0.523, OR = 1.688, willingness to pay = 301,895)—was most concerning, followed by significant improvements to the quality of life (β = 0.516, OR = 1.676, willingness to pay = 297,773).

Conclusion

The general public in China does not value rarity as a sufficient reason to justify special consideration in funding orphan drugs. When making orphan drug coverage decisions, the public prioritized the annual cost, disease severity, and drug effects.
Driving the effectiveness of public health emergency management strategies through cross-departmental collaboration: Configuration analysis based on 15 cities in China
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Sun Jing , Shi Yinfeng , Shen Tingyue
Published: December 2022

Background

Owing to the complexity of and changes associated with modern public health emergencies, cross-departmental collaborative governance is an inevitable choice for ensuring effective emergency management. In the context of emergency management research, the way in which taking full advantage of synergy can be used to enhance the effectiveness of emergency prevention and control approaches is an important issue that must be addressed urgently.

Methods

Combined with China's responses to the management of public health emergencies, in this study, we construct a theoretical analysis framework involving three dimensions: information, organization, and environment. Our proposed framework relies on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to analyze the mechanisms behind the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases across 15 cities located in typical provinces throughout China and explore the roles of cross-departmental collaboration in the processing of various elements as well as the effects of their combination on the action mechanisms for ensuring the effectiveness of emergency management approaches.

Findings

The results show a significant conditional correlation between the effectiveness of emergency management and the factors affecting cross-departmental coordination. Based on the characteristics of multiple concurrent paths, the driving paths can be classified into four categories: organizational, environmental, environment-balanced, and organization environment-based dual-core categories.

Conclusions

The effectiveness of public health emergency management is the result of multiple factors. Local governments should strengthen the coordination and integration of information, organization, and environment, improve the coordinated system associated with emergency management, promote the “two-wheel drive” of high-quality development as well as accurate prevention and control, explore and perfect the adaptive combinatorial optimization path, and effectively transform the advantages of linking multi-dimensional factors with governance efficiency.
Relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension: Cross-sectional evidence from real-world
Authors: Zhang Ling , Chen Siqi , Chen Zhuowang , Yin Wenjun , Fu Wenjuan , He Fang , Pan Zhen , Yi Guilin , Tan Xiaodong
Published: December 2022

Background

Occupational noise is one of the most common and prevalent occupational hazards worldwide and may induce adverse auditory and/or non-auditory health effects. However, the relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension is controversial and has long been debated.

Methods

Based on large sample cross-sectional data from all registered occupational health examination units from 2021 to 2022 (N = 101,605), this study aimed to analyze the prevalence of hearing loss and hypertension and to explore the influencing factors of hypertension of workers in Wuhan. Descriptive statistics, univariate analyses and multivariate analyses were used. Forest plot and nomograms were constructed for the visualization of predictive results. The ROC curve, AUC, C-index and calibration curves were used to assess the predictive accuracy and validity. DCA was performed to evaluate the net benefit that workers could receive.

Results

Higher rate of high-frequency hearing loss (25.3%), speech frequency hearing loss (8.8%), ECG abnormalities (31.9%) and hypertension (21.0%) were found in workers exposed to occupational noise in Wuhan. Occupational noise exposure (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.18, p = 0.04), growth of age (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.07–1.07, p < 0.001), overweight (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.73–1.92, p < 0.001), obesity (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 3.42–3.83, p < 0.001), hyperglycemia (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.73–1.96, p < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.22–1.48; p < 0.001), ECG abnormalities (OR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.07–1.15; p < 0.001) and family history of hypertension (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.58–1.81; p < 0.001) were risk factors of hypertension for workers. Male workers had a relatively higher hypertension risk than female workers (OR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.54–1.69; p < 0.001). Ear protective measures could not reduce the risk of hypertension in workers. Our nomogram has good predictive accuracy and validity. A dynamic nomogram to predict the workers' risk of hypertension was established publicly available online.

Conclusion

Occupational noise exposure may elevate workers' hypertension risk. More effective and relevant prevention measures should be taken. Our nomogram may help identify high-risk workers and facilitate timely interventions.
Patients having surgery for ulnar nerve compression at the elbow rarely have affection of the spinal nerve root at C8-Th1 levels
Authors: Nyman Erika , Giöstad Alice , Abul-Kasim Kasim , Dahlin Lars B.
Published: December 2022

Cervical pathology may contribute to residual problems after surgery for ulnar nerve compression. We aimed to evaluate the presence of pathological conditions in spinal cord and cervical spinal nerve roots in patients surgically treated for ulnar nerve compression at elbow. In a cohort of patients, surgically treated for ulnar nerve compression at elbow, magnetic resonance images (MRI; performed 3 years pre/postoperatively) were evaluated by a neuroradiologist blinded to patient characteristics and outcome of surgery. Cervical conditions were assessed and related to patient characteristics, preoperative McGowan grade, and outcome. Among 62 patients (45 unilaterally and 17 bilaterally), only one had spinal nerve root affection of nerve roots contributing to the ulnar nerve (C8-Th1). About half of the patients, mainly those at higher age, had alterations affecting C3–C7 spinal nerve roots at both surgically treated and contralateral, non-surgically treated, sides. Only few other changes were observed at cervical levels. A high McGowan grading was related to a high frequency of spinal nerve root affection. Smokers were more frequently observed among those with spinal nerve root affection at C3–C7 levels at surgically treated side. Residual problems, expressed as patient dissatisfaction and DASH score ≥40, were common. Spinal nerve roots, contributing to the ulnar nerve, are rarely affected in surgically treated patients with ulnar nerve compression at elbow even though pathology is often observed at other cervical levels. Pathology is often detected at other cervical spinal nerve root levels at surgically treated and contralateral sides, particularly among older patients, smokers, and in conjunction with worse preoperative McGowan grade. No relation between cervical pathology and outcome of ulnar nerve surgery is seen.