bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trouver sa place dans l’enceinte philosophique : penseurs, gestionnaires, passeurs
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique
Published: April 2019

Le discours philosophique ne se réduit pas à un patrimoine de textes. On peut l’appréhender comme un espace où des acteurs accomplissent des tâches spécifiques. Dans cet article on en distingue ainsi trois grandes types : les « doctrinaires », qui élaborent des doctrines, les « gestionnaires », qui visent à stabiliser l’institution philosophique, et les « médiateurs », qui assurent la communication avec des publics extérieurs. Les gestionnaires se divisent eux-mêmes en « cartographes » et en « spécialistes » ; quant aux médiateurs, ils peuvent être des « vulgarisateurs », qui s’efforcent de faire comprendre la philosophie à des non-experts, et des « passeurs ». Ces derniers ont une relation ambiguë avec l'institution philosophique : ils produisent en effet des textes de philosophie qui privilégient les catégories et les préoccupations des non-experts, alors que les philosophes reconnus par l’institution privilégient les concepts et les textes des grands philosophes. Ces distinctions sont illustrées par divers exemples empruntés à la philosophie contemporaine, en particulier M. Serres et M. Onfray.
La philosophie dans la presse écrite : le cas des entretiens
Authors: Temmar Malika
Published: April 2019

La parole philosophique dans les médias a donné lieu à plusieurs recherches portant sur la figure de l’intellectuel ou du « penseur ». Ces études adoptent des points de vue historiques ou sociologiques mais ne proposent pas une analyse, dans une perspective discursive, de la manière dont cette parole est concrètement mobilisée dans le texte journalistique lors des entretiens. Nous nous proposons ici d’analyser ce genre de discours en cherchant à dégager ses spécificités. Nous nous demandons en particulier quel type de question on adresse au philosophe lors d’un entretien de presse et si on s’entretient d’une manière particulière avec lui quand il est interpellé sur une question brûlante de l’actualité. Cette étude nous permettra de nous interroger sur la place du philosophe dans les médias en France. A cette fin, nous analysons divers textes récents où des philosophes parlent des attaques terroristes. Il s’agira enfin de montrer la spécificité les interventions des philosophes dans la presse par rapport à celles d’autres experts comme les sociologues et les politistes.
L’Analyse du Discours philosophique, entre Analyse du Discours, herméneutique et déconstruction : cartographie d’un espace plastique et dynamique
Authors: Vallespir Mathilde
Published: April 2019

Si une discipline se définit par sa méthode et non par l’objet sur lequel elle porte, l’analyse du discours philosophique peut-elle être tenue pour une discipline à part entière ? Pour répondre à une telle question, il convient de s’interroger sur l’effet de l’adjectif « philosophique » sur le nom « analyse du discours » (AD) : opère-t-il une simple restriction de champ ou un infléchissement de méthode, voire une modification des présupposés heuristiques et théoriques de la discipline qu’est l’AD ? Une telle question engage à interroger la relation du corpus philosophique à la discipline qu’est l’AD ainsi qu’aux outils et à la méthode que l’AD philosophique met en œuvre. Nous proposons une cartographie de l’AD philosophique qui envisage cette dernière comme activité tant théorique que pratique, et mettons en évidence que comme telle, elle opère une redéfinition tant de l’analyse du discours que de la philosophie.
Catégoriser et positionner les sujets en philosophie : la controverse entre Derrida et Foucault envisagée d’un point de vue sociopragmatique
Authors: Angermuller Johannes
Published: April 2019

Les philosophes aiment traiter de problèmes théoriques et conceptuels. Pourtant, en entrant dans le débat philosophique ils utilisent le langage également à des fins sociales. En d'autres termes, la philosophie doit être vue comme un discours où les philosophes se positionnent et se catégorisent les uns les autres en tant que membres d'une communauté. Pour illustrer ce que signifie participer au discours philosophique considéré comme pratique sociale, je vais observer une controverse entre Jacques Derrida et Michel Foucault. Dans un échange théorique sur la manière dont il faut comprendre la philosophie de Descartes par rapport à son époque, ils s’adressent l’un à l’autre de manière particulière, précisément comme « disciple » et comme « maître », comme « philosophe » ou non... à travers la mise en scène de relations intellectuelles. L’analyse révèle ainsi les dimensions sociales de leur controverse en soulignant le rôle de leurs positions sujet dans la communauté intellectuelle parisienne des années 1960 et 1970.
Analyse du Discours et analyse textuelle
Authors: Lhomme Alain
Published: April 2019

Pour des raisons méthodologiques, l’Analyse du Discours est conduite à entrer dans un rapport polémique aux problématiques du texte, qui considèrent celui-ci avant tout comme un système signifiant et qui méconnaissent du même coup le caractère opératoire de catégories comme celles d’énonciation, de scénographie ou d’institution discursive. Tout en prenant acte de ce qu’apporte l’application aux textes des catégorise de l’Analyse du Discours, le présent article entend montrer quelles sont en revanche les dimensions du texte qui échappent à une approche proprement discursive, soulignant la résistance que le texte oppose à son alignement sur le seul discours. Il est possible de montrer à partir de là comment une analyse proprement textuelle est amenée à prendre en charge les fonctions méta-argumentatives et conceptuellement thématisantes que remplissent les textes philosophiques, tout en esquissant, pour en analyser finement les mécanismes, les voies d’une stylistique renouvelée.
Comprendre l’activité des infirmiers libéraux : légitimation de gestes professionnels liés au care dans une visée formative
Authors: Eyland Isabelle , Leblanc Serge
Published: April 2019

Dans le domaine des soins infirmiers, toute situation est l’occasion d’une rencontre sociale qui permet aux professionnels échanges, engagement émotionnel et mise en pratique des activités liées au care. Historiquement, la notion du prendre soin, du care, a toujours été attachée à la fonction infirmière (Collière, 2001). Cet article a pour objet de présenter quelques résultats d’un travail de recherche qui s’intéresse à l’identification de gestes professionnels liés au care dans l’activité des infirmiers libéraux en situations de soins et ses applications en formation. L’analyse de cette activité a permis de mieux l’appréhender, la comprendre et de révéler des aspects implicites inédits. En rendant ces gestes professionnels visibles, cela a permis de questionner leur potentielle plus-value dans le soin et de proposer l’élaboration d’un outil des gestes professionnels liés au care. Cet outil permet de renseigner l’activité des infirmières1 pendant les soins et d’analyser des situations de travail, notamment dans le cadre de la formation à travers la simulation en soins.
Accompagner la réflexivité sur l’expérience : une médiation cognitive et socio-affective vers l’apprentissage
Authors: Durat Laurence , Kern Dominique
Published: April 2019

Notre objectif est de soutenir l’analyse croisée de l’expérience entre professionnels et chercheurs, afin de rendre l’expérience constructive dans sa ressaisie a posteriori. Nous situant dans le cadre de l’analyse de l’activité issue de la psychologie ergonomique, nous nous intéressons aux conditions pour accéder à une expérience professionnelle passée et nous interrogeons la possibilité de revenir sur le sens attribué à cette expérience. Après avoir étudié les apports et limites des processus fondés sur la réflexivité, nous exposerons une étude de cas. Le cas étudié est survenu dans le parcours professionnel d’un sénior et nous nous attacherons à proposer un cadre d’analyse au service de la réflexivité, réalisé avec la méthode des incidents critiques et un dispositif de co-analyse, qui questionne l’accessibilité cognitive, socio-affective à l’expérience vécue. Le résultat principal est qu’effectivement, l’accès à l’expérience est à la fois possible et souhaitable, dans la mesure où la co-analyse permet, à certaines conditions, une reconfiguration du sens de l’expérience dans une perspective de développement.
Développer des savoir-faire perceptifs en Éducation Physique et Sportive : analyse de l’activité d’élèves engagés dans une séquence d’enseignement de step
Authors: Paintendre Aline , Schirrer Mary , Andrieu Bernard
Published: April 2019

Cette étude visait à analyser l’activité d’élèves engagés dans une activité physique de développement de Soi en Éducation Physique et Sportive (step), afin d’explorer leur processus d’apprentissage, notamment sensoriel et définir des pistes pour l’intervention. Pour cela, les notions de corps capacitaire et de savoir-faire perceptif ont contribué à caractériser et analyser le parcours de transformation des élèves, relatif à l’affinement et l’élargissement des ressentis corporels pour réguler leur pratique physique personnelle. Quatre élèves volontaires et leur enseignante ont participé à cette étude. Leur activité a été étudiée in situ lors d’une séquence d’enseignement en step, en référence au cadre théorique et méthodologique du programme du cours d’action (Theureau, 2006, 2009, 2015). Les résultats présentent dans la première partie les préoccupations typiques des élèves engagés dans la séquence dont une partie tournée vers une exploitation de ses ressentis. Ces préoccupations se réfèrent à : (a) l’efficacité dans l’exécution, (b) l’écoute de son corps, (c) l’optimisation du rapport capacités personnelles et choix d’intensité de l’exercice. La seconde partie présente les connaissances construites et actualisées par les élèves. Trois catégories de connaissances ont été mises en évidence : (a) générales, (b) sur soi dans la réalisation du mouvement, (c) de son corps capacitaire. Dans une troisième partie, nous présentons la dynamique évolutive des préoccupations et connaissances au cours de la séquence de huit leçons à travers les quatre études de cas. Ces résultats peuvent contribuer à la compréhension de la constitution de savoir-faire perceptifs, et à la conception de dispositifs favorables à une pratique personnelle responsabilisée.
Proposition méthodologique en ergotoxicologie pour révéler les expositions à des produits chimiques
Authors: Galey Louis , Judon Nathalie , Jolly Caroline , Goutille Fabienne , Morelot Sarah , Albert Marion , Lhospital Olivier , Martin Patrick , Noel-Suberville Catherine , Pasquereau Pierrick , Aublet-Cuvelier Agnès , Mohammed-Brahim Brahim , Garrigou Alain
Published: April 2019

L’ergotoxicologie a constitué depuis une quinzaine d’années un corpus conceptuel et méthodologique (Garrigou, 2011 ; Mohammed-Brahim & Garrigou, 2009) afin de contribuer à la prévention des expositions des travailleurs aux produits chimiques. Faisant suite au texte de Mohammed-Brahim et Garrigou (2009) publié dans cette revue, cet article présente les derniers développements méthodologiques en ergotoxicologie et en particulier les apports de l’usage de mesures en temps réel synchronisées à des enregistrements vidéo de situations de travail. La méthodologie fait alors appel à une technique de video exposure monitoring (VEM), dont l’objectif est de « révéler » des situations d’exposition à des produits chimiques, afin de les mettre en débat au sein des entreprises et les transformer dans une logique préventive. Cette contribution méthodologique s’appuie sur un retour d’expérience basé sur trois études de cas. Enfin, nous discutons les perspectives de cette méthodologie pour l’ergonomie afin de développer des pratiques de prévention impliquant les travailleurs, leur encadrement et les acteurs de la santé au travail.
Conceptualisation de l’accompagnement des maitres de stage et analyse de ses effets chez les stagiaires
Authors: Dejaegher Charlotte , Watelet Fanny , Depluvrez Yves , Noël Stéphanie , Schillings Patricia
Published: April 2019

Cette étude s’ancre dans le champ de la didactique professionnelle (Pastré, Mayen, & Vergnaud 2006). Elle vise d’une part l’analyse du modèle opératif de maitres de stage impliqués dans la formation initiale des instituteurs primaires et, d’autre part, l’étude des bénéfices retirés de l’accompagnement par leurs stagiaires respectifs. L’article décrit la manière dont deux enseignantes endossent cette fonction dans le contexte de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, où la fonction de maitre de stage manque de prescrits et de clarté dans la définition des tâches qui s’y réfèrent. Le cadre de la didactique professionnelle, qui vise la compréhension de l’activité d’un professionnel en situation, a permis de mettre en évidence des éléments qui guident l’activité des maitres de stage. Par ailleurs, grâce à l’observation de leur activité pendant les débriefings et à la description et l’analyse de ce que les maitres de stage en disent a posteriori lors des entretiens d’explicitation (Vermersch, 1994), des concepts organisateurs de leur action ont pu être établis. Ces résultats sont ensuite confrontés aux données recueillies auprès des stagiaires concernant les bénéfices perçus de l’accompagnement. Si les résultats pointent chez les deux maitres de stage des préoccupations communes ciblées à la fois sur le développement émotionnel et cognitif de leur stagiaire, celles-ci se traduisent toutefois par des postures d’accompagnement différentes. Par ailleurs, des écarts entre le discours des maitres de stage et leur action en situation ont pu être pointés.
The CPS Strategy
Authors: Durán-Bautista Diana Carolina
Published: April 2019

This educational research-based chapter describes, analyzes, and evaluates the implementation of the class preparation session (The CPS) as a flipped learning strategy in an undergraduate English as a foreign language (EFL) program in Colombia. About 3000 students are enrolled in the EFL program each semester and an average of 40 teachers are in charge of teaching the courses. The chapter describes the process of implementing the CPS strategy and evaluates its efficacy from students' and teachers' perspectives. Participants were requested to take online surveys with the purpose of collecting qualitative and quantitative data about the strengths of the CPS and the challenges encountered its resources. The processes described in this chapter could be adjusted to be used in other institutions. The issues discussed might provide several teaching prospects for teachers and for programs' stakeholders interested in implementing the flipped learning approach.
Smart Learning Model Based on Competences and Activities
Authors: Real-Fernandez Alberto , Llorens-Largo Faraón , Molina-Carmona Rafael
Published: April 2019

The educational environment we find in our current world does not look like it did some years ago. The learning process has become dynamic and continuous, mainly driven by the great evolution of technology, implying an inevitable change in education. It is a change that requires a complete digital transformation of education to change the teaching and learning process by means of information technologies. This is why, faced with the traditional one-size-fits-all learning, this chapter proposes an open, collaborative, flexible, and scalable adaptive learning model based on information technologies. Because current students need to be prepared for a lifelong formation, let them know they should assume a continuous cycle of learning, unlearning, and relearning. A model that aims to fulfill all the new learning needs emerged on this digital world. It lets the students develop a lifelong learning, where the concepts are updated and reinforced, and dynamically adapted to their learning needs and progress.
Intensity of medical care in internal medicine: impact on outcomes from a trend analysis over six years
Authors: Spagnolli Walter , Peterlana Dimitri , Dorigoni Stefania , Rigoni Marta , Torri Emanuele , Nollo Giandomenico
Published: April 2019

In large acute medical wards treating heterogenous and complex patients, intensity of patient care should be graduated according to clinical severity. We conducted a retrospective observational study on all unselected admissions (8838) to the internal medicine ward of the Santa Chiara Hospital of Trento from 2012 to 2017. During 2012 and 2013, a standard organizational model (SMC) was in place, while an organizational model for intensity of medical care (IMC) was introduced in 2014. In SMC, patient admission was performed according to bed availability only. In IMC, patients were allocated to three different ward settings (high, medium and post-acute care) based on the stratification of clinical instability. The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) was used for the stratification, together with the clinical judgment. The implementation of the IMC model led to a decrease of mortality and urgent transfers for clinical deterioration to Intensive Care Unit and to an increase of admissions from Intensive Care Unit and from regional spoke hospitals. Redesigning delivery processes based on IMC can play a pivotal role in improving patient outcomes and bed management.
Triple-negative breast cancer: Pattern of recurrence and survival outcomes
Authors: Chintalapani Shyny Reddy , Bala Stalin , Konatam Meher Lakshmi , Gundeti Sadashivudu , Kuruva Siva Prasad , Hui Monalisa
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer which is defined as the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry. As the survival data on TNBC in the Indian population are scant, this study was done to analyze the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of TNBC patients. Materials and Methods: Data from medical records of patients with breast cancer between 2009 and 2014 were retrieved, and patients with TNBC were identified and analyzed for demographic and clinicopathological features. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 1024 breast cancer patients were registered at our institute during the study period, of which 198 were TNBCs accounting for 19.3% of all breast cancers. Median age at the diagnosis was 50 years (range, 22–78 years). Lymph nodal positivity in TNBC was associated with larger tumor size (P = 0.003) and higher tumor grade (P = 0.01). At a median follow-up of 48 months (range, 12–88), 36 (19.1%) patients had recurrence of the disease, whereas 28 (14%) patients were lost to follow-up. Lung (52.7%) was the most common site of recurrence followed by bone (25%) and brain (11.1%). Three-year DFS and OS were 63.2% and 65.6%, respectively. On univariate analysis, nodal status, size of tumor, and lymphovascular invasion were found to have a significant impact on OS and DFS. On multivariate analysis, only nodal status was significant for DFS and OS (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: TNBCs have a rapid clinical course, and early recurrences are common inspite of timely medical intervention which reflects the aggressive tumor biology. This warrants further studies on intensification of chemotherapy and identification and development of targeted therapy aimed at decreasing recurrences and improving survival in this patient population.
T790M mutation and clinical outcomes with osimertinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Jaiswal Ravi , Pinninti Rakesh , Mohan MVT Krishna , Santa A , Boyella Pavan Kumar , Nambaru Lavanya , Murthy Sudha S , Chowdary K Veeriah , Rajappa Senthil
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors TKIs) are highly effective in EGFR-mutant advanced lung cancer. The most common resistance mechanism to EGFR-TKI is the development of T790M mutation in Exon 20. Osimertinib, a highly selective EGFR-TKI, has been approved for use in patients who progress on the first-line TKI and harbor the T790M mutation. Objective: The primary objective is to prospectively study the incidence of T790M mutation in patients who progress on the first-line EGFR-TKI. Secondary objectives include clinical characteristics that predict for T790M mutation and outcomes with osimertinib. Materials and Methods: This single-center, prospective observational study included 90 patients who progressed on first-line EGFR TKI. All patients had DNA extracted from tissue re-biopsy or plasma circulating tumor DNA (re-biopsy was not feasible or inadequate). T790M mutation was detected using amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction, and patients harboring T790M mutation were started on osimertinib (80 mg once daily) until progression or unacceptable side effects. Results: At progression, T790M mutation was detected in 47/90 patients (52.2%). On binary logistic regression model analysis, variables that were independently predictive of the development of T790M were younger age (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–16.6, P = 0.031); nonerlotinib TKI use (OR 8.3, 95% CI 1.24–55.8, P = 0.029); and pure adenocarcinoma histology (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.60–24.7, P = 0.008). Forty-six patients were started on osimertinib. The overall response rate and median progression-free survival were 65.21% and 12.45 months (standard deviation [SD] 1.03, 95% CI 10.41–14.48), respectively. Osimertinib was well tolerated with most toxicities being Grade 1 and 2 diarrhea and skin rash. Conclusions: In our prospective cohort, half of all patients had a T790M mutation at progression on the first-line EGFR TKI. Tissue biopsy is feasible in the majority of patients. Clinical outcomes with osimertinib were consistent with those reported.
Fibrous dysplasia as a possible false-positive finding in 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography study in the follow-up of prostate cancer
Authors: Ribeiro André Marcondes Braga , Lima Eduardo Nóbrega Pereira , Rocha Maurìcio Murce
Published: April 2019

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) has become an important tool in restaging patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Despite its high sensitivity and specificity, this method may produce false-positive findings, as indicated by previous studies. This case report aims to warn nuclear medicine physicians, oncologists, and urologists about the possibility of false-positive findings using this imaging modality, especially when the detected site is unusual for bone metastasis. A 68-year-old man with PCa underwent restaging tests after presenting with increased prostate-specific antigen.68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging revealed abnormal uptake in the left humeral head, which anatomically corresponded to the intramedullary and cortical sclerotic area. A biopsy was performed, and the pathology showed a lesion consisting of hard bone tissue with a small focal spot of fibrous dysplasia. Diagnostic issues related to 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging should be disseminated to help physicians make appropriate treatment choices for each patient.
Do fasting or high caloric drinks affect the physiological uptake of fluorine-18 prostate-specific membrane antigen-1007 in liver and bowel?
Authors: Rahbar Kambiz , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Seifert Robert , Wagner Stefan , Schäfers Michael , Bögemann Martin , Weckesser Matthias
Published: April 2019

Recently introduced fluorine-18 prostate-specific membrane antigen-1007 (18F-PSMA-1007) for imaging prostate cancer has an intense physiologic liver uptake and biliary excretion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different dietary conditions on this physiological uptake. Forty consecutive prostate cancer patients were scanned with 18F-PSMA-1007 positron emission tomography/computed tomography at different dietary conditions. In addition to a blinded read scoring, tracer uptake intensities (standardized uptake values [SUVs]) were measured in the liver and small bowel. There was no significant difference in liver and small-bowel uptake between different patient groups. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed no significant difference of the median mean SUV of the liver or maximum SUV of the horizontal part of the duodenum between different dietary conditions groups. A dietary preparation of patients by fasting or the attempt to clear liver activity by high caloric drinks does not have a significant effect on tracer uptake in the liver or in the small bowel.
A Critical Enquiry into Variability of Insecticidal Net Use in Cambodia: Implications for Assessing Appropriateness of Malaria Elimination Interventions
Authors: Gryseels Charlotte , Bannister-Tyrrell Melanie , Uk Sambunny , Set Srun , Suon Sokha , Gerrets René , Peeters Grietens Koen
Published: April 2019

Distributing long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) to individuals living in malaria-endemic regions is a cornerstone of global malaria control. National malaria control programs aim to achieve “universal coverage” of at-risk populations to reach LLINs’ full potential to reduce malaria, progress of which is then measured by indicators constructed from standardized questionnaires. Through an exploration of variability in LLIN use in Cambodia, we argue that indicators of universal coverage of LLINs are not sufficiently commensurate with the realities they are intended to measure, limiting the suitability of the data to serve program and policy purposes in a malaria elimination era. Reflecting on the various sources of variability in LLIN use, we apply and extend the concept of “appropriateness” as a third prong to the widely used “efficacy” and “effectiveness” criteria for evaluating LLINs as a tool for malaria prevention. Describing first the different dimensions of the intervention and the sociocultural context separately, we will further show how the variability underlying both is affected and induced by inappropriate aspects of the intervention and the measurements of its impact. We consider the gap between “net use” and the numerical representations of such local net use justifies further exploration of potential strategies to improve LLIN use in subgroups where persisting malaria transmission clusters.
The Investment Case for Malaria Elimination in Thailand: A Cost–Benefit Analysis
Authors: Sudathip Prayuth , Kongkasuriyachai Darin , Stelmach Rachel , Bisanzio Donal , Sine Jeffrey , Sawang Surasak , Kitchakarn Suravadee , Sintasath David , Reithinger Richard
Published: April 2019

After a dramatic decline in the annual malaria incidence in Thailand since 2000, the Thai government developed a National Malaria Elimination Strategy (NMES) to end local malaria transmission by 2024. This study examines the expected costs and benefits of funding the NMES (elimination scenario) versus not funding malaria elimination programming (resurgence scenario) from 2017 to 2036. Two case projection approaches were used to measure the number of malaria cases over the study period, combined with a set of Thailand-specific economic assumptions, to evaluate the cost of a malaria case and to quantify the cost–benefit ratio of elimination. Model A projects cases based on national historical case data using a log-normal regression and change-point analysis model. Model B projects cases based on periodic Yala Province-level outbreak cycles and incorporating NMES political and programmatic goals. In the base case, both models predict that elimination would prevent 1.86–3.11 million malaria cases from 2017 to 2036, with full NMES implementation proving to be cost-saving in all models, perspectives, and scenarios, except for the health system–only perspective in the Model A base case and all perspectives in the Model A worst case. From the societal perspective, every 1 US dollars (US$) spent on the NMES would—depending on case projections used—potentially result in a considerable return on investment, ranging from US$ 2 to US$ 15. Although the two case projection approaches resulted in different cost–benefit ratios, both models showed cost savings and suggest that ending local malaria transmission in Thailand would yield a positive return on investment.
Host Selection of Field-Collected Anopheles jeyporiensis and Anopheles nivipes in Bangladesh
Authors: Al-Amin Hasan Mohammad , Kafi Mohammad Abdullah Heel , Chakma Sumit , Mohon Abu Naser , Khan Wasif A. , Haque Rashidul , Sullivan David J. , Norris Douglas E. , Alam Mohammad Shafiul
Published: April 2019

Anopheles jeyporiensis and Anopheles nivipes appear to play an important role in contemporary malaria transmission in Bangladesh. However, very little is known about the natural host selection of these vectors. Therefore, host selection of these two species was investigated in Bandarban, the most malarious region of Bangladesh. A total of 480 engorged mosquitoes were analyzed. The human blood index (HBI) of An. jeyporiensis varied from 4.17% in outdoor to 19.17% in indoor collections. Similarly, HBI of An. nivipes ranged between 0.83% and 22.50% from outdoor to indoor. For both species, cow blood indices were significantly higher than HBI in both indoor and outdoor collections. These data demonstrate the opportunistic and zoophilic nature of An. jeyporiensis and An. nivipes, which suggests that approaches such as zooprophylasis may prove beneficial as a control strategy.
Genetic variations in the sheep SIRT7 gene and their correlation with body size traits
Authors: Xu Hongwei , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zang Rongxin , Cai Yong , Cao Xin , Yang Jutian , Li Jie , Lan Xianyong , Wu Jianping
Published: April 2019

Abstract. As a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase
and ADP ribosyl transferase, the silent information regulator 7 (Sirtuin 7,
SIRT7) plays a crucial role in regulating the differentiation of adipocytes
and myoblasts, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and cellular growth in
mammals. It has been hypothesized that SIRT7 affects growth traits in animals;
therefore, in this study, the potential insertion/deletion (indel) of genetic variations within
the ovine SIRT7 gene and their correlation with sheep growth traits
were explored. A total of 709 individuals from five Chinese
and Mongolian sheep breeds were analyzed. Two novel indel loci of the sheep
SIRT7 gene were detected and were named 5′ promoter
region-insertion-7 bp (5′ promoter region-7 bp) and 3′
UTR-insertion-17 bp (3′ UTR-17 bp), respectively. In all of the sheep breeds,
frequencies of the 5′ promoter region-7 bp mutation were low, whereas
mutations of 3′ UTR-17 bp were high in Tong sheep and Lanzhou fat-tail
sheep (LFTS). Furthermore, both indel polymorphisms had significant
associations with different growth characteristics (P<0.05). Among
these associations, the 3′ UTR-17 bp was highly correlated with rump width
in small-tail Han sheep (STHS, rams; P<0.01), and
individuals with the ID genotype had better chest depth values than those
with the II genotype. In this paper, two novel indels within the sheep
SIRT7 gene were identified, and genetic diversity and its
effects on body size traits were explored. These findings will potentially provide
useful DNA markers for the improvement of economic traits in sheep genetic breeding.
Exercise-induced changes in skin temperature and blood parameters in horses
Authors: Soroko Maria , Śpitalniak-Bajerska Kinga , Zaborski Daniel , Poźniak Błażej , Dudek Krzysztof , Janczarek Iwona
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of
training on haematological and biochemical blood parameters as well as on
the changes in body surface temperature in horses. In order to identify the
predictive value of surface temperature measurements as a marker of animal's
performance, their correlations with blood parameters were investigated. The
study was carried out on nine horses divided into two groups: routinely ridden
and never ridden. Infrared thermography was used to assess surface
temperature changes before (BT) and just after training (JAT) on a
treadmill. Seven regions of interest (ROIs) located on the neck, shoulder,
elbow, back, chest, gluteus and quarter were analysed. The blood samples
were taken BT, JAT and 30 min after training (30AT). Haematological
parameters including white blood cells, lymphocytes (LYMs), monocytes (MONOs),
granulocytes (GRAs), eosinophils (EOSs), haematocrit (HCT) and platelets (PLTs)
as well as biochemical parameters such as glucose (GLUC), urea,
Na+, K+ and Ca2+, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were
analysed. Our results indicated a significant increase in surface
temperature JAT (p=0.043) in the neck, shoulder, elbow, gluteus and
quarter in routinely ridden horses. Significant changes in EOS (p=0.046)
and HCT (p=0.043) in the case of the never-ridden and routinely ridden group,
respectively, were found between the times of blood collection. In addition,
there was a significant effect of the horse group and the time of blood
collection on the CPK activity (p=0.025 to p=0.045) and urea
concentrations (p=0.027 to p=0.045). In the routinely ridden horses,
there were significant correlations between the changes in MONO
(ρ=0.40), GRA (ρ=-0.40), PLT (ρ=-0.77), HCT (ρ=-0.36), GLUC
(ρ=0.56) and urea (ρ=0.56) and the total ROI temperature changes.
Moreover, significant correlations between the changes in MONO
(ρ=-0.86), EOS (ρ=-0.65), GLUC (ρ=0.85), urea (ρ=0.85),
Na+ (ρ=0.59) and K+ (ρ=-0.85) and the total ROI
temperature changes were found in never-ridden horses. Different changes in
body surface temperature and blood parameters in routinely ridden and
never-ridden horses could be associated with different conditioning and
performance. A significantly higher surface temperature in routinely ridden
horses, as well as the dynamics of changes in HCT, CPK and urea after
training indicate better performance of these horses. Significant
correlations between MONO, GLUC, and urea and a total ROI surface temperature
as well as a negative correlation between MONO and the total ROI temperature
in never-ridden horses indicated poor performance.
Heterogeneous ice nucleation properties of natural desert dust particles coated with a surrogate of secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Kanji Zamin A. , Sullivan Ryan C. , Niemand Monika , DeMott Paul J. , Prenni Anthony J. , Chou Cédric , Saathoff Harald , Möhler Ottmar
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Ice nucleation abilities of surface collected mineral dust particles from the
Sahara (SD) and Asia (AD) are investigated for the temperature (T) range
253–233 K and for supersaturated relative humidity (RH) conditions in the
immersion freezing regime. The dust particles were also coated with a proxy
of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the dark ozonolysis of
α-pinene to better understand the influence of atmospheric coatings on
the immersion freezing ability of mineral dust particles. The measurements
are conducted on polydisperse particles in the size range
0.01–3 µm with three different ice nucleation chambers. Two of the
chambers follow the continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) principle
(Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber, PINC) and the Colorado State University
CFDC (CSU-CFDC), whereas the third was the Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics
in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud expansion chamber. From observed activated
fractions (AFs) and ice nucleation active site (INAS)
densities, it is concluded within experimental uncertainties that
there is no significant difference between the ice nucleation ability of the
particular SD and AD samples examined. A small bias towards higher
INAS densities for uncoated versus SOA-coated dusts is found but
this is well within the 1σ (66 % prediction bands) region of the
average fit to the data, which captures 75 % of the INAS densities observed in this study. Furthermore, no systematic differences are
observed between SOA-coated and uncoated dusts in both SD and AD cases,
regardless of coating thickness (3–60 nm). The results suggest that any
differences observed are within the uncertainty of the measurements or
differences in cloud chamber parameters such as size fraction of particles
sampled, and residence time, as well as assumptions in using INAS densities to compare polydisperse aerosol measurements which may show
variable composition with particle size. Coatings with similar properties to
that of the SOA in this work and with coating thickness up to 60 nm are not
expected to impede or enhance the immersion mode ice nucleation ability of
mineral dust particles.
Classification of Arctic multilayer clouds using radiosonde and radar data in Svalbard
Authors: Vassel Maiken , Ickes Luisa , Maturilli Marion , Hoose Corinna
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Multilayer clouds (MLCs) occur more often in the Arctic than globally. In this
study we present the results of a detection algorithm applied to radiosonde
and radar data from an 1-year time period in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard.
Multilayer cloud occurrence is found on 29 % of the investigated days. These
multilayer cloud cases are further analysed regarding the possibility of ice
crystal seeding, meaning that an ice crystal can survive sublimation in a
subsaturated layer between two cloud layers when falling through this layer.
For this we analyse profiles of relative humidity with respect to ice to
identify super- and subsaturated air layers. Then the sublimation of an ice
crystal of an assumed initial size of r=400 µm on its way through
the subsaturated layer is calculated. If the ice crystal still exists when
reaching a lower supersaturated layer, ice crystal seeding can potentially
take place. Seeding cases are found often, in 23 % of the investigated days
(100 % includes all days, as well as non-cloudy days). The identification of
seeding cases is limited by the radar signal inside the subsaturated layer.
Clearly separated multilayer clouds, defined by a clear interstice in the
radar image, do not interact through seeding (9 % of the investigated days).
There are various deviations between the relative humidity profiles and the
radar images, e.g. due to the lack of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and
cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Additionally, horizontal wind drift of the
radiosonde and time restriction when comparing radiosonde and radar data
cause further deviations. In order to account for some of these deviations,
an evaluation by manual visual inspection is done for the non-seeding cases.
Evidence from IASI of a speeding up in stratospheric O3 recovery in the Southern Hemisphere contrasting with a decline in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Wespes Catherine , Hurtmans Daniel , Chabrillat Simon , Ronsmans Gaetane , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre-François
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In this paper, we present the global fingerprint of recent changes in the mid-upper stratospheric (MUSt; > 25 hPa) ozone (O3) in comparison with the lower stratospheric (LSt, 150–25 hPa) O3 derived from the first 10 years of the IASI/Metop-A satellite measurements (January 2008–December 2017). The IASI instrument provides vertically-resolved O3 profiles with very high spatial and temporal (twice daily) samplings, allowing to monitor O3 changes in these two regions of the stratosphere. By applying multivariate regression models with adapted geophysical proxies on daily mean O3 time series, we discriminate anthropogenic trends from various modes of natural variability, such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation – ENSO. The representativeness of the O3 response to its natural drivers is first examined. One important finding relies on a pronounced contrast between a positive LSt O3 response to ENSO in the extra-tropics and a negative one in the tropics, with a delay of 3 months, which supports a stratospheric pathway for the ENSO influence on lower stratospheric and tropospheric O3. In terms of trends, we find an unequivocal O3 recovery from the available period of measurements in winter/spring at mid-high latitudes for the two stratospheric layers sounded by IASI (>∼35° N/S in the MUSt and >∼45° S in the LSt) as well as in the total columns at southern latitudes (>∼45° S) where the increase reaches its maximum. These results confirm the effectiveness of the Montreal protocol and its amendments, and represent the first detection of a significant recovery of O3 concurrently in the lower, in the mid-upper stratosphere and in the total column from one single satellite dataset. A significant decline in O3 at northern mid-latitudes in the LSt is also detected, especially in winter/spring of the northern hemisphere. Given counteracting trends in LSt and MUSt at these latitudes, the decline is not categorical in total O3. When freezing the regression coefficients determined for each natural driver over the whole IASI period but adjusting a trend, we calculate a significant speeding up in the O3 response to the decline of O3 depleting substances (ODS) in the total column, in the LSt and, in a lesser extent, in the MUSt, at high southern latitudes over the year. A significant acceleration of the O3 decline at northern mid-latitudes in the LSt and in the total column is also highlighted over the last years. That, specifically, needs urgent investigation for identifying its exact origin and apprehending its impact on climate change.
Fitting a stochastic fire spread model to data
Authors: Wang X. Joey , Thompson John R. J. , Braun W. John , Woolford Douglas G.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. As the climate changes, it is important to understand the effects on the
environment. Changes in wildland fire risk are an important example. A
stochastic lattice-based wildland fire spread model was proposed by Boychuk
et al. (2007), followed by a more realistic variant (Braun and Woolford,
2013). Fitting such a model to data from remotely sensed images could be used
to provide accurate fire spread risk maps, but an intermediate step on the
path to that goal is to verify the model on data collected under
experimentally controlled conditions. This paper presents the analysis of
data from small-scale experimental fires that were digitally video-recorded.
Data extraction and processing methods and issues are discussed, along with
an estimation methodology that uses differential equations for the moments of
certain statistics that can be derived from a sequential set of photographs
from a fire. The interaction between model variability and raster resolution
is discussed and an argument for partial validation of the model is provided.
Visual diagnostics show that the model is doing well at capturing the
distribution of key statistics recorded during observed fires.
Ocean carbon and nitrogen isotopes in CSIRO Mk3L-COAL version 1.0: a tool for palaeoceanographic research
Authors: Buchanan Pearse J. , Matear Richard J. , Chase Zanna , Phipps Steven J. , Bindoff Nathan L.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen
(δ15N) are commonly used proxies for understanding the ocean.
When used in tandem, they provide powerful insight into physical and
biogeochemical processes. Here, we detail the implementation of
δ13C and δ15N in the ocean component of an
Earth system model. We evaluate our simulated δ13C and
δ15N against contemporary measurements, place the model's
performance alongside other isotope-enabled models and document the response
of δ13C and δ15N to changes in ecosystem
functioning. The model combines the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organisation Mark 3L (CSIRO Mk3L) climate system model with the
Carbon of the Ocean, Atmosphere and Land (COAL) biogeochemical model. The
oceanic component of CSIRO Mk3L-COAL has a resolution of 1.6∘
latitude × 2.8∘ longitude and resolves multimillennial
timescales, running at a rate of ∼400 years per day. We show that this
coarse-resolution, computationally efficient model adequately reproduces
water column and core-top δ13C and δ15N
measurements, making it a useful tool for palaeoceanographic research.
Changes to ecosystem function involve varying phytoplankton stoichiometry,
varying CaCO3 production based on calcite saturation state and
varying N2 fixation via iron limitation. We find that large changes
in CaCO3 production have little effect on δ13C and
δ15N, while changes in N2 fixation and phytoplankton
stoichiometry have substantial and complex effects. Interpretations of
palaeoceanographic records are therefore open to multiple lines of
interpretation where multiple processes imprint on the isotopic signature,
such as in the tropics, where denitrification, N2 fixation and
nutrient utilisation influence δ15N. Hence, there is
significant scope for isotope-enabled models to provide more robust
interpretations of the proxy records.
Have trends changed over time? A study of UK peak flow data and sensitivity to observation period
Authors: Griffin Adam , Vesuviano Gianni , Stewart Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Classical statistical methods for flood frequency estimation assume stationarity in the gauged data. However, recent focus on climate change and, within UK hydrology, severe floods in 2009 and 2015 have raised the profile of statistical analyses that include trends. This paper considers how parameter estimates for the Generalised Logistic distribution (standard for UK annual maximum flows) vary through time, using the UK Benchmark Network (UKBN2) to separate the effects of land-use change from climate change. We focus on the sensitivity of parameter estimates to adding data, through fixed-width moving window and fixed-start extending window approaches, and on whether parameter trends are more prominent in specific geographical regions. Under stationary assumptions, the addition of new data tends to further the convergence of parameters to some final value. However, addition of a single new data point can vastly change non-stationary parameter estimates. Little spatial correlation is seen in the magnitude of trends in peak flow data, potentially due to the spatial clustering of catchments in the UKBN2. In many places, the ratio between the 50-year and 100-year flood is decreasing, whereas the ratio between the 2-year and 30-year flood is increasing, presenting as a flattening of the flood frequency curve.
Uncertainties identification of the blade-mounted lidar-based inflow wind speed measurements for robust feedback-feedforward control synthesis
Authors: Ungurán Róbert , Petrović Vlaho , Pao Lucy Y. , Kühn Martin
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The current trend toward larger wind turbine rotors leads to high periodic loads across the components due to the non-uniformity of inflow across the rotor. On this regard, we introduce a blade-mounted lidar on each blade to provide a preview of inflow wind speed that can be used as a feedforward control input for the mitigation of such periodic blade loads. We present a method to easily determine blade-mounted lidar parameters, such as focus distance, telescope position, and orientation on the blade. However, such method is accompanied by uncertainties in the inflow wind speed measurement, which may also be due to the induction zone, wind evolution, cyclops dilemma, unidentified misalignment in the telescope orientation, and the blade segment orientation sensor. Identification of these uncertainties allows their inclusion in the feedback-feedforward controller development for load mitigation. We perform large-eddy simulations, in which we simulate the blade-mounted lidar including the dynamic behaviour and the induction zone of one reference wind turbine for one above rated inflow wind speed. Our calculation approach provides a good trade-off between a fast-and-simple determination of the telescope parameters and an accurate inflow wind speed measurement. We identify and model the uncertainties, which then can directly be included in the feedback-feedforward controller design and analysis. The rotor induction effect increases the preview time, which needs to be considered in the controller development and implementation.
Foro Económico Mundial y Foro Social Mundial: El desafío de sentarnos a reinventar el mundo
Authors: Duke Karen
Published: April 2019

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 133, 2012: 369-398