bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Mean Field Theory of Spin Glasses: The Heuristic Replica Approach and Recent Rigorous Results
Authors: Parisi Giorgio
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Departures in the Synthesis of Peptides and Glycopeptides
Authors: Kan Cindy , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regulation of Gene Expression by Jasmonate Hormones
Authors: Memelink Johan
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Wound Hormone Jasmonate
Authors: Koo Abraham J. K. , Howe Gregg A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl Jasmonate: A Plant Stress Hormone as an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Cohen Sharon , Flescher Eliezer
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanofibers: Synthesis and Application for the Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Motoyama Yukihiro , Yoon Seong‐Ho , Nagashima Hideo
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Whiteness, chromaticness, and blackness symmetries for CIELAB, with a numerical example
Authors: Adams Louis W.
Published: January 2010

Whiteness, chromaticness, and blackness are defined for CIELAB. These NCS‐like color attributes offer an alternative to lightness and chroma for describing color. Their hue‐preserving symmetries are derived for tristimulus color space. A numerical example provides what theory predicts are visually uniform sequences of colors with constant lightness, whiteness, chromaticness, or blackness. Numerical approximation is unnecessary. Such sets of symmetric colors in one hue are visually interesting, and useful for computer aided design. The appropriateness of such attributes for CIELAB is briefly discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
The architectural colour design process: An evaluation of sequential media via semantic ratings
Authors: Ural Sibel Ertez , Yilmazer Semiha
Published: January 2010

In recent studies, contextual situations of applied colours are compared to colours presented as samples or chips. Findings of such studies point out different results in terms of similarities or differences between the evaluations of isolated/abstract colours and contextualized situations. Architectural and spatial contexts have their own characteristics regarding colouring criteria, so it is of great importance to examine the architectural/spatial colouring process from this point of view. This study explores this process by investigating the consistency of semantic ratings of four sequential stages of the architectural colour design process, namely, colour chips/samples, abstract compositions, perspective drawings and 3D models. The architectural context for the study was a simple interior space. Fifteen different colour schemes were applied on the four media representing the stages. Subjects rated the 15 sets against seven bipolar, five‐step semantic differential scales. The scales consisted of harmonious‐discord, pleasant‐unpleasant, comfortable‐uncomfortable, spacious‐confined, static‐dynamic, exciting‐calming and extroverted‐introverted. Findings indicated that there are significant associations between the evaluations of the abstract compositions, the perspective drawings and the 3D models; however, the evaluations of colour chips are significantly different than the others. The medium effect observed mostly between abstract and contextualized media. Additionally, factor analysis showed that pleasantness, harmony, spaciousness and comfort are connected in the evaluations of contextual situations, while pleasantness and harmony differ from spaciousness and comfort in the evaluations of colour chips and abstract compositions. The factor of activity (arousal) (dynamism, excitement, and extroversion) stays the same for all four media. It is also found that different colour characteristics are determinative over different media. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Adaptive structured parallelism for distributed heterogeneous architectures: a methodological approach with pipelines and farms
Authors: González‐Vélez Horacio , Cole Murray
Published: January 2010

Algorithmic skeletons abstract commonly used patterns of parallel computation, communication, and interaction. Based on the algorithmic skeleton concept, structured parallelism provides a high‐level parallel programming technique that allows the conceptual description of parallel programs while fostering platform independence and algorithm abstraction. This work presents a methodology to improve skeletal parallel programming in heterogeneous distributed systems by introducing adaptivity through resource awareness. As we hypothesise that a skeletal program should be able to adapt to the dynamic resource conditions over time using its structural forecasting information, we have developed adaptive structured parallelism (ASPARA). ASPARA is a generic methodology to incorporate structural information at compilation into a parallel program, which will help it to adapt at execution. ASPARA comprises four phases: programming, compilation, calibration, and execution. We illustrate the feasibility of this approach and its associated performance improvements using independent case studies based on two algorithmic skeletons—the task farm and the pipeline—evaluated in a non‐dedicated heterogeneous multi‐cluster system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Melting of Crystals in Two Dimensions
Authors: Gasser Urs , Eisenmann Christoph , Maret Georg , Keim Peter
Published: January 2010

While the melting of crystals is in general not understood in detail on a microscopic scale, there is a microscopic theory for a class of two‐dimensional crystals, which is based on the formation and unbinding of topological defects. Herein, we review experimental work on a colloidal two‐dimensional model system with tunable interactions that has given the first conclusive evidence for the validity of this theory on a microscopic level. Furthermore, we show how the mechanism of melting depends on the particle interaction and that a strong anisotropy of the interaction leads to a changed melting scenario.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Adsorption of H2 on Palladium Surfaces
Authors: Groß Axel
Published: January 2010

The interaction of hydrogen with palladium surfaces represents a model system for the study of the adsorption and absorption at metal surfaces. Theoretical gas–surface dynamics studies have usually concentrated on the adsorption dynamics on clean surfaces. Only recently has it become possible, based on advances in electronic structure codes and improvements in computer power, to address the much more complex problem of the adsorption dynamics on precovered surfaces. Herein, recent ab initio molecular dynamics studies are discussed that address the adsorption dynamics of hydrogen molecules on hydrogen‐ and sulfur‐precovered Pd surfaces. In addition, the relaxation dynamics of the hydrogen atoms after the dissociation on clean Pd(100) are presented.
Evaluation of a 12‐color flow cytometry panel to study lymphocyte, monocyte, and dendritic cell subsets in humans
Authors: Autissier Patrick , Soulas Caroline , Burdo Tricia H. , Williams Kenneth C.
Published: January 2010

Monitoring changes in human immune cell populations such as lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) during infectious diseases like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is crucial. However, difficulties to identify rare or heterogeneous cell populations can be limiting. For example, to accurately measure DC subsets, eight flow cytometry parameters are ideal. The aim of this work was to analyze the phenotype of human lymphocyte, monocyte, and DC subsets using a single 12‐color flow cytometry panel. After erythrocyte lysis, blood from healthy human volunteers was washed and labeled with a cocktail of 12 antibodies. Samples were analyzed on a Becton‐Dickinson FACSAria™ equipped with three lasers. Data were compared with lineage‐specific panels using 5–8 Ab combinations per lineage. Acquired data were analyzed using FlowJo software. Our 12‐color panel allows for the identification of the following major subsets of circulating cells in a single tube: CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, monocyte subsets (CD14 and/or CD16), and five nonoverlapping HLA‐DR+Lin− subsets: CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, CD123+ plasmacytoid DC, and three subsets of CD11c+ myeloid DC expressing either CD16, CD1c (BDCA‐1), or CD141 (BDCA‐3). We have developed a single flow cytometry panel that allows for simultaneous detection of the lymphocyte and monocyte cell populations and all known DC subsets. Studying these major players of the immune system in one single panel may give us a broader view of the immune response during HIV infection and the ability to better define the role of individual cell types in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Setting the eating disorder aside: An alternative model of care
Authors: Williams Kim D. , Dobney Tracey , Geller Josie
Published: January 2010

Eating disorder treatment typically involves psychotherapy, structured programmes to normalize eating behaviours, and weight restoration. Unfortunately some individuals who receive these treatments do not recover. The Community Outreach Partnership Program (COPP) was developed to address the needs of these individuals. Using a team approach which combines both community and hospital services, COPP assists clients increase their quality of life by fostering independence, increasing hope and enhancing social skills in the context of the client's economic, social and physical living environment. Preliminary outcome research reveals significant improvement in eating disorder and psychiatric symptoms in individuals who complete four or more months of COPP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Blood leukocyte DNA hypomethylation and gastric cancer risk in a high‐risk Polish population
Authors: Hou Lifang , Wang Hao , Sartori Samantha , Gawron Andrew , Lissowska Jolanta , Bollati Valentina , Tarantini Letizia , Zhang Fang Fang , Zatonski Witold , Chow Wong‐Ho , Baccarelli Andrea
Published: January 2010

Global hypomethylation has been shown to increase genome instability potentially leading to increased cancer risk. We determined whether global methylation in blood leukocyte DNA was associated with gastric cancer in a population‐based study on 302 gastric cancer cases and 421 age‐ and sex‐matched controls in Warsaw, Poland, between 1994 and 1996. Using PCR‐pyrosequencing, we analyzed methylation levels of Alu and LINE‐1, 2 CG‐rich repetitive elements, to measure global methylation levels. Gastric cancer risk was highest among those with lowest level of methylation in either Alu (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.9–1.9) or LINE‐1 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.9–2.0) relative to those with the highest levels, although the trends were not statistically significant. For Alu, the association was stronger among those aged 70 or older (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3–5.5, p for interaction = 0.02). We did not observe meaningful differences in the associations by other risk factors and polymorphisms examined. For LINE‐1, the association tended to be stronger among individuals with a family history of cancer (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4–7.0, p for interaction = 0.01), current alcohol drinkers (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.6, p for interaction = 0.05), current smokers (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1–4.6, p for interaction = 0.02), those who rarely or never consumed fruit (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.2–8.1, p for interaction = 0.03), CC carriers for the MTRR Ex5+123C>T polymorphism (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.2–4.4, p for interaction = 0.01) and TT carriers for the MTRR Ex15+572T>C polymorphism (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8, p for interaction = 0.06). The association was not different by sex, Helicobacter pylori infection, intake of folate, vitamin B6 and total protein and the remaining polymorphisms examined. Our results indicate that interactions between blood leukocyte DNA hypomethylation and host characteristics may determine gastric cancer risk.
Regulation of HER expression and transactivation in human prostate cancer cells by a targeted cytotoxic bombesin analog (AN‐215) and a bombesin antagonist (RC‐3095)
Authors: Sotomayor Sandra , Muñoz‐Moreno Laura , Carmena María J. , Schally Andrew V. , Sánchez‐Chapado Manuel , Prieto Juan C. , Bajo Ana M.
Published: January 2010

Bombesin (BN) and gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) have been shown to stimulate the growth of human prostate cancer in vivo and in vitro by mechanisms initiated by binding of the peptide to BN/GRP receptor (GRPR). GRPR is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, including human prostatic carcinoma. This led us to evaluate the effectiveness of blocking GRPR and of chemotherapy targeted to GRPR in androgen‐dependent (LNCaP) and androgen‐independent (PC‐3) prostate cancer cells, which exhibit different features of disease progression. Thus, we used a cytotoxic BN/GRP analog, AN‐215, consisting of 2‐pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN‐201) linked to BN‐like carrier peptide, and a BN/GRP receptor antagonist, RC‐3095. Semiquantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting revealed that mRNA and protein levels for GRPR increased in prostate cancer cells as compared with nonneoplastic RWPE‐1 cells. Immunofluorocytochemistry and Western blot assays revealed that AN‐215 was the most effective analog decreasing both the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor family members and the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and HER‐2, which are associated to a poor prognosis. Furthermore, analogs targeted to BN/GRP receptors, AN‐215 and RC‐3095, blocked the effect of BN on cell growth in RWPE‐1, LNCaP and PC‐3 cells. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of action of these analogs and support the view that the use of AN‐215 and RC‐3095 for blocking BN/GRP receptors for targeted therapy may be of benefit for treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Insulin‐like growth factor 1 expression correlates with clinical outcome in K‐RAS wild type colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab and irinotecan
Authors: Scartozzi Mario , Mandolesi Alessandra , Giampieri Riccardo , Pierantoni Chiara , Loupakis Fotios , Zaniboni Alberto , Galizia Eva , Giustini Lucio , Silva Rosa Rita , Bisonni Renato , Berardi Rossana , Biagetti Simona , Menzo Stefano , Falcone Alfredo , Bearzi Italo , Cascinu Stefano
Published: January 2010

Seventy to 40% of K‐RAS wild type colorectal tumors does not seem to benefit from treatment with antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti‐EGFR) monoclonal antibodies. Recent data suggested that in presence of IGF‐1 system, altered activation colorectal cancer cells may escape anti‐EGFR mediated cell death. The interaction between IGF‐1 expression and K‐RAS mutational analysis was tested to verify the ability of IGF‐1 to identify a subgroup of patients more likely to benefit from EGFR‐targeted antibodies treatment. IGF‐1 expression and K‐RAS mutational status was assessed in advanced colorectal cancer patients receiving irinotecan/cetuximab. One hundred twelve patients were analyzed. IGF‐1 was negative in 30 patients (27%) and overexpressed in the remaining 82 cases (73%). In IGF‐1 negative and IGF‐1 positive tumors, we observed progressive disease in 9 (30%) and 55 (67%) patients, respectively (p = 0.001). Median progression‐free survival was 7.5 mo in patients showing IGF‐1 negative tumors and 3 mo for IGF‐1 expressing tumors (p = 0.002). Among K‐RAS wild type patients, IGF‐1 negative and positive tumors showed a partial response to cetuximab‐irinotecan in 13 (65%) and 11 (22%) cases, respectively (p = 0.002). Median progression‐free survival in IGF‐1 negative tumors was 10 mo and 3.2 mo in IGF‐1 positive colorectal cancers (p = 0.02). IGF‐1 proved to be a possible predictive factor for resistance to anti‐EGFR monoclonal antibodies in K‐RAS wild type colorectal cancer. Combined IGF‐1 and K‐RAS analysis may represent an effective strategy for a better selection of responding colorectal cancer patients.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) films for topical delivery ofS‐nitrosoglutathione: Effect of freezing–thawing on the diffusion properties
Authors: Simões Maíra Martins de Souza Godoy , de Oliveira Marcelo Ganzarolli
Published: January 2010

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a biocompatible polymer already used in several pharmaceutical products. The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of freezing–thawing cycles (F/T) on thein vitrodiffusion and skin vasodilator properties ofS‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)‐releasing PVA films. Films subjected to 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐F/T showed an increase in crystallinity, which is associated with an increase in the radius of gyration of macropores from 155 to 180 nm. Diffusion coefficients (D) of GSNO decreased from 5.7 × 10−7to 2.0 × 10−7cm2s−1in 1 and 3 F/T films, respectively, and were inversely correlated with the increase in crystallinity, whereas 5‐F/T films showed an anomalous increase inD(5.0 × 10−7cm2s−1). Topical release of GSNO from PVA films on the skin of healthy volunteers led to local vasodilation measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. A higher increase in local blood flow was observed for 5‐F/T films reaching maximum tissue perfusion at 45 min with return toward basal level after 45 min, whereas 1‐F/T films led to a lower increase in blood flow up to 98 min. These results show that F/T treatment can be used to modulate the diffusion properties and the topical vasodilator profile of GSNO‐containing PVA films, what might allow the use of these materials as dermal wound dressings or for promoting local vasodilation in ischemic tissues. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Somep‐ranks related to a conic inPG(2,q)
Authors: Wu Junhua
Published: January 2010

Let A be the incidence matrix of lines and points of the classical projective planePG(2,q) withqodd. With respect to a conic inPG(2,q), the matrix A is partitioned into 9 submatrices. The rank of each of these submatrices overFq, the defining field ofPG(2,q), is determined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 224–236, 2010
Rainbow and orthogonal paths in factorizations of Kn
Authors: Gyárfás András , Mhalla Mehdi
Published: January 2010

For n even, a factorization of a complete graph Kn is a partition of the edges into n−1 perfect matchings, called the factors of the factorization. With respect to a factorization, a path is called rainbow if its edges are from distinct factors. A rainbow Hamiltonian path takes exactly one edge from each factor and is called orthogonal to the factorization. It is known that not all factorizations have orthogonal paths. Assisted by a simple edge‐switching algorithm, here we show that for n⩾8, the rotational factorization of Kn, GKn has orthogonal paths. We prove that this algorithm finds a rainbow path with at least (2n+1)/3 vertices in any factorization of Kn (in fact, in any proper coloring of Kn). We also give some problems and conjectures about the properties of the algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 167–176, 2010
On the classification of Hadamard matrices of order 32
Authors: Kharaghani H. , Tayfeh‐Rezaie B.
Published: January 2010

All equivalence classes of Hadamard matrices of order at most 28 have been found by 1994. Order 32 is where a combinatorial explosion occurs on the number of Hadamard matrices. We find all equivalence classes of Hadamard matrices of order 32 which are of certain types. It turns out that there are exactly 13, 680, 757 Hadamard matrices of one type and 26, 369 such matrices of another type. Based on experience with the classification of Hadamard matrices of smaller order, it is expected that the number of the remaining two types of these matrices, relative to the total number of Hadamard matrices of order 32, to be insignificant. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18:328–336, 2010
Constructions of optimal variable‐weight optical orthogonal codes
Authors: Zhao Hengming , Wu Dianhua , Fan Pingzhi
Published: January 2010

Variable‐weight optical orthogonal code (OOC) was introduced by G‐C Yang for multimedia optical CDMA systems with multiple quality of service (QoS) requirement. In this article, new infinite classes of optimal (u, W, 1, {1/2, 1/2})‐OOCs are obtained for W={3, 4}, {3, 5} and {3, 6}. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 274–291, 2010
Memory bias for schema‐related stimuli in individuals with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Legenbauer Tanja , Maul Bärbel , Rühl Ilka , Kleinstäuber, Maria , Hiller Wolfgang
Published: January 2010

This study investigates whether individuals with bulimia nervosa (BN) have a memory bias in relation to explicit memory (cued and free recall vs. verbal and pictorial recognition tasks). Twenty‐five participants diagnosed with BN and 27 normal controls (NC) were exposed to body‐related, food‐related, and neutral TV commercials, and then recall and recognition rates were assessed. Poorer recognition and recall of body‐related stimuli was found for BN in comparison to NC, suggesting a memory bias. Results are discussed in relation to previous studies, along with suggestions as to how future studies can gain more insight into dysfunctions in information processing that can lead to the maintenance of eating disorders. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66: 302–316, 2010.
Connectivity of random regular graphs generated by the pegging algorithm
Authors: Gao Pu
Published: January 2010

We study the connectivity of random d‐regular graphs which are recursively generated by an algorithm motivated by a peer‐to‐peer network. We show that these graphs are asymptotically almost surely d‐connected for any even constant d⩾4. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 185–197, 2010
Stars and bonds in crossing‐critical graphs
Authors: Hliněný Petr , Salazar Gelasio
Published: January 2010

The structure of previous known infinite families of crossing‐critical graphs had led to the conjecture that crossing‐critical graphs have bounded bandwidth. If true, this would imply that crossing‐critical graphs have bounded degree, that is, that they cannot contain subdivisions of K1, n for arbitrarily large n. In this article we prove two new results that revolve around this question. On the positive side, we show that crossing‐critical graphs cannot contain subdivisions of K2, n for arbitrarily large n. On the negative side, we show that there are simple 3‐connected graphs with arbitrarily large maximum degree that are 2‐crossing‐critical in the projective plane. Although the former conjecture is now disproved in a subsequent manuscript by Dvořák and Mohar, our results are not affected, and some interesting questions remain. Namely, can the bandwidth conjecture still be true for simple 3‐connected graphs in the plane? © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 198–215, 2010
Classification of edge‐transitive rose window graphs
Authors: Kovács István , Kutnar Klavdija , Marušič Dragan
Published: January 2010

Given natural numbers n⩾3 and 1⩽a, r⩽n−1, the rose window graph Rn(a, r) is a quartic graph with vertex set \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\{{{x}}_{{i}}|{{i}}\in {\mathbb{Z}}_{{n}}\} \cup \{{{y}}_{{i}}|{{i}}\in{\mathbb{Z}}_{{n}}\}$\end{document} and edge set \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage[mathscr]{euscript}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\{\{{{x}}_{{i}},{{x}}_{{{i+1}}}\} \mid {{i}}\in {\mathbb{Z}}_n \} \cup \{\{{{y}}_{{{i}}},{{y}}_{{{i+r}}}\}\mid {{i}} \in{\mathbb{Z}}_{{n}}\}\cup \{\{{{x}}_{{{i}}},{{y}}_{{{i}}}\} \mid {{i}}\in {\mathbb{Z}}_{{{n}}}\}\cup \{\{{{x}}_{{{i+a}}},{{y}}_{{{i}}}\} \mid{{i}} \in {\mathbb{Z}}_{{{n}}}\}$\end{document}. In this article a complete classification of edge‐transitive rose window graphs is given, thus solving one of the three open problems about these graphs posed by Steve Wilson in 2001. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 216–231, 2010
Homomorphism–homogeneous graphs
Authors: Rusinov Momchil , Schweitzer Pascal
Published: January 2010

We answer two open questions posed by Cameron and Nesetril concerning homomorphism–homogeneous graphs. In particular we show, by giving a characterization of these graphs, that extendability to monomorphism or to homomorphism leads to the same class of graphs when defining homomorphism–homogeneity. Further, we show that there are homomorphism–homogeneous graphs that do not contain the Rado graph as a spanning subgraph answering the second open question. We also treat the case of homomorphism–homogeneous graphs with loops allowed, showing that the corresponding decision problem is co–NP complete. Finally, we extend the list of considered morphism–types and show that the graphs for which monomorphisms can be extended to epimor‐phisms are complements of homomorphism–homogeneous graphs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 65: 253–261, 2010
Job design in the context of the job market
Authors: Osterman Paul
Published: January 2010

This paper examines issues in job design from the perspective of developments in the labor market. Among the issues considered are the impact of technological change, shifts in how work is organized, the changing balance of power between employers and employees, the growing diversity in employment practices among similarly situated firms, and the persistence of a large low wage sector in the labor market. All of this suggests that this is a dynamic and interesting time to study the interaction of job design and broader trends in the labor market. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Work design in situ: Understanding the role of occupational and organizational context
Authors: Morgeson Frederick P. , Dierdorff Erich C. , Hmurovic Jillian L.
Published: January 2010

Despite nearly 100 years of scientific study, comparatively little attention has been given to articulating how the broader occupational and organizational context might impact work design. We seek to address this gap by discussing how aspects of the occupational and organizational context can constrain or enable the emergence of different work design features as well as influence the relationships between work design features and various outcomes. We highlight how different forms of context might impact work design and suggest that this is an important and potentially fruitful area for future work design research and theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An impression management perspective on job design: The case of corporate directors
Authors: Westphal James D.
Published: January 2010

In this essay I introduce a sociopolitical perspective on job design. In particular, I suggest how job design may be the subject of impression management, and illustrate this idea in the context of a specific corporate role that has received little attention in the job design literature, namely the role of corporate director. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of autonomy and task uncertainty on team performance: A longitudinal field study
Authors: Cordery John L. , Morrison David , Wright Brett M. , Wall Toby D.
Published: January 2010

In this paper, we seek to account for modest and inconsistent empirical support for a positive relationship between team autonomy and team performance by proposing that team task uncertainty impacts on team performance and moderates the impact of increased autonomy. Task uncertainty is defined in terms of a team's lack of prior knowledge about which operational problems will arise when, and the best way of dealing with them. Results from a longitudinal field study of 17 wastewater treatment teams showed that higher levels of task uncertainty were initially associated with reduced performance, assessed in terms of the quality of treated effluent produced by the teams. An intervention designed to enhance team autonomy led to general improvements in team performance, though moderated by team task uncertainty. Under conditions of enhanced team autonomy, a positive relationship emerged between task uncertainty and team performance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioaffinity chromatography on monolithic supports
Authors: Tetala Kishore K. R. , van Beek Teris A.
Published: January 2010

Affinity chromatography on monolithic supports is a powerful analytical chemical platform because it allows for fast analyses, small sample volumes, strong enrichment of trace biomarkers and applications in microchips. In this review, the recent research using monolithic materials in the field of bioaffinity chromatography (including immunochromatography) is summarized and discussed. After giving an introduction into affinity chromatography, information on different biomolecules (antibodies, enzymes, lectins, aptamers) that can act as ligands in bioaffinity chromatography is presented. Subsequently, the history of monoliths, their advantages, preparation and formats (disks, capillaries and microchips) as well as ligand immobilization techniques are mentioned. Finally, analytical and preparative applications of bioaffinity chromatography on monoliths are presented. During the last four years 37 papers appeared. Protein A and G are still most often used as ligands for the enrichment of immunoglobulins. Antibodies and lectins remain popular for the analysis of mainly smaller molecules and saccharides, respectively. The highly porous cryogels modified with ligands are applied for the sorting of different cells or bacteria. New is the application of aptamers and phages as ligands on monoliths. Convective interaction media (epoxy CIM disks) are currently the most used format in monolithic bioaffinity chromatography.
Hydrodynamics-based transfection of plasmid encoding receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B-Fc protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Shi Jian , Shao Wenyu , Yang Dongchang , Zhao Liang , Deng Lei , Wang Xuehao , Sun Beicheng
Published: January 2010

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is very important in transplant surgery. To study the mechanism of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B-Fc (RANK-Fc) in protection against I/R injury, 90 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (sham) group, a pLNCX2-IRES-eGFP+I/R (Negative-control) group (where IRES means internal ribosome entry site and eGFP means enhanced green fluorescent protein), and a pLNCX2-RANK-Fc-IRES-eGFP+I/R (RANK-Fc) group. All mice were injected with 2.5 mL of PBS (with or without plasmids) within 6 seconds via the tail vein. After 3 days, hepatic I/R was induced under warm conditions by partial occlusion of the left and median lobes for 90 minutes followed by various periods of reperfusion. Hepatic injury was assessed by the levels of liver aminotransferases and histopathology. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas RANK-Fc, phospho-c-Jun, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), nuclear p65, and total p65 were assessed with western blotting. Apoptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling. RANK-Fc was efficiently expressed in the liver. In comparison with the negative-control group, RANK-Fc reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation, JNK phosphorylation, and HIF-1α expression during I/R. RANK-Fc effectively suppressed proinflammatory cytokine expression. The results indicated that RANK-Fc could protect against hepatic I/R injury in mice at least in part via the inhibition of the proinflammatory NF-κB pathway as well as proapoptotic JNK and HIF-1α pathway activation. Liver Transpl 16:611-620, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Features of immune senescence in liver transplant recipients with established grafts
Authors: Gelson William , Hoare Matthew , Vowler Sarah , Shankar Arun , Gibbs Paul , Akbar Arne N. , Alexander Graeme J. M.
Published: January 2010

Immune senescence is the normal process whereby the human immune system ages, but becomes less effective. We investigated whether liver transplant recipients have features of immune senescence. Lymphocytes from 97 liver transplant recipients with established grafts and 41 age-matched and sex-matched controls were subjected to an 8-color flow cytometry assay that measured expression of killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1, cluster of differentiation 127 (CD127), CD45RO, CD27, CD28, CD4, CD8, and CD57. Lymphocyte telomere length was assessed by flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cases were compared with controls for each marker of immune senescence using a Mann-Whitney U test. For liver transplant recipients, linear regression analyses identified associations between markers of immune senescence and clinical or demographic characteristics. Lymphocytes from liver transplant recipients expressed more phenotypic markers of maturity than did lymphocytes from controls. Lymphocyte telomeres were shorter in liver transplant recipients than in controls. Age, hepatocellular carcinoma at transplantation, and skin malignancy developing after transplantation were associated independently with shortened lymphocyte telomeres. Increasing age and previous cytomegalovirus infection were associated independently with phenotypic markers of lymphocyte maturity. Thus, lymphocytes from liver transplant recipients are older “biologically” than lymphocytes from age-matched and sex-matched controls. Hepatocellular carcinoma at transplantation, subsequent skin malignancy, and previous cytomegalovirus infection are associated with lymphocyte senescence in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 16:577-587, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Direct Photopolymerisation of PEG‐Methacrylate Oligomers for an Easy Prototyping of Microfluidic Structures
Authors: Turri S. , Levi M. , Emilitri E. , Suriano R. , Bongiovanni R.
Published: January 2010

A photocurable polymer mixture made of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) dimethacrylate and monomethacrylate is proposed as structural material for the fabrication and easy prototyping of the microfluidics for Lab‐on‐Chip (LOC) devices. The kinetics of photopolymerisation and some material properties such as its viscoelastic behaviour (by dynamic‐mechanical analysis) and surface wettability (by contact angle) were studied. The PCR biocompatibility of the PEG crosslinked material was favourably assessed by preliminary in vitro tests. A direct fabrication method of controlled geometry microchannels is finally presented by direct photopolymerisation under UV light irradiation through photomasks without the need of a master. Finally the same process was successfully used to assembly and seal the microchannels.

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Gold Tailored Photosensitive Elastin‐like Polymer: Synthesis of Temperature, pH and UV‐vis Sensitive Probes
Authors: Alvarez‐Rodríguez Rubén , Arias Francisco Javier , Santos Mercedes , Testera Ana María , Rodríguez‐Cabello José Carlos
Published: January 2010

Here, we describe a procedure to manufacture smart hybrid probes that exhibit tunable optical properties as a function of multiple environmental variations. Initially, we achieved a one‐pot synthesis of gold‐PREP (photo‐responsive elastin‐like polymer) conjugate Gold‐AzoGlu15 via reduction of auric acid in the presence of PREP AzoGlu15. Outstandingly, Gold‐AzoGlu15 exhibited pH and temperature sensitiveness. However, Gold‐AzoGlu15 was not UV‐vis sensitive. We noticed that photo‐isomerisation of azobenzene moieties in Gold‐AzoGlu15 could not be detected by UV‐vis spectroscopy. In a subsequent step, we explored the use of cyclodextrins and the formation of alkanethiol mixed‐monolayers over mother Gold‐AzoGlu15 by thiol‐place exchange reactions in order to decouple photo‐isomerisation of azobenzene from the bulk phase absorption. In this sense we achieved the synthesis of β‐cyclodextrin capped Gold‐CD‐AzoGlu15. Notable was that cis‐trans photo‐conversion of azobenzene groups in Gold‐CD‐AzoGlu15 could be successfully detected. Finally, we present the optical properties exhibited by multi‐sensitive probe Gold‐CD‐AzoGlu15 as a function of pH, temperature and UV‐vis irradiation. We think that gold‐PREP hybrids could be of great interest in the design of multi‐functional chromophore‐metal nanocomposites that operate in aqueous media for the development of multi‐stimuli sensitive detectors for biosensing applications.

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Induction of Molecular Organization of Oligomers by Low‐Energy Electrons
Authors: Lau Yiu‐Ting Richard , Weng Lu‐Tao , Ng Kai‐Mo , Kempf Manuel , Altstädt Volker , Schultz Jerold M. , Chan Chi‐Ming
Published: January 2010

We reveal that a beam of low‐energy electrons (18 eV) can directly trigger long‐range molecular ordering of an amorphous, semi‐flexible oligomer in a few minutes without the prerequisite of pre‐orientation. A strong endothermic transition was detected with a micro‐thermal analyzer on the areas that had been exposed to the electron irradiation while the areas that were shielded from the irradiation by a protective mask remained amorphous as usual. This result suggests that long‐range molecular ordering only develops in the area of the oligomer film under electron irradiation. This is the first‐time effort to use electron irradiation to control the long‐range ordering of an amorphous organic thin film above the glass transition temperature.

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Stepwise multi‐criteria and multi‐strategy design of public transit shuttles
Authors: Ceder Avishai
Published: January 2010

The idea of designing an integrated smart public transport (transit) shuttle service is stemming from the need to overcome the problem of using an excessive number of cars arriving and parking at a train station within the same time span. This problem results in high parking demand around the train station. Moreover some potential train riders will, instead, use their cars and hence become a party to increasing the traffic congestion. The purpose of this work is to examine an innovative transit shuttle system that will comply with (i) users' needs and desires, (ii) intelligent transportation technologies, and (iii) operator's viability. In order to arrive at a design of this innovative system, new stepwise multi‐criteria and multi‐strategy concepts are developed in this work. In the search for best solution, the minimum fleet size required for the shuttle service is determined followed by a development of an optimization model and a heuristic algorithm for optimal route‐design. The findings show that the heuristic algorithm indeed provides good (optimal in the test case) results. The heuristic procedure then is implemented over medium‐ and large‐sized networks, generated randomly, and found to provide good results within a reasonable running time. At the operational level 10 different routing strategies are examined, with all the combinations of fixed/flexible routes, fixed/flexible schedules, a uni‐ or bi‐directional concept, and short‐cut (shortest path) and/or short‐turn (turn‐around) concepts. These strategies are investigated by employing a simulation model specifically developed and constructed for this purpose. This simulation model is used in a case study of Castro Valley in California in which the shuttle service is coordinated with the BART (the metro of San Francisco). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of nociceptin receptor (NOP) agonists and antagonists
Authors: Mustazza Carlo , Bastanzio Giuditta
Published: January 2010

The nociceptin opioid (NOP) receptor is the most recently discovered member of the family of the opioid receptors; its endogenous agonist is the peptide nociceptin. Due to the subsequent elucidation of its physiological role in both central and peripheral nervous system and in some non‐neural tissues, there is a rapidly growing interest in the pharmacological application of substances active on this receptor. Despite the current clinical use of a morphinane‐based NOP/MOP mixed ligand (buprenorphine) as an analgesic and in the treatment of drug addictions, so far just a few clinical trials have been made with selective NOP ligands. However, the perspective of their utilization is rapidly growing. Agonists can find applications in the treatment of neuropathic pain, anxiety, cough, drug addition, urinary incontinence, anorexia, congestive heart failure, hypertension; and antagonists for pain, depression, Parkinson's disease, obesity, and as memory enhancers. Besides peptide ligands, which are still subjected to many pharmacological investigations, many different chemical classes of NOP ligands have been discovered: piperidines, nortropanes, spiropiperidines, 4‐amino‐quinolines and quinazolines, and others. The new advances in establishing structure–activity relationships, also with the help of modeling studies, can permit the development of more active and selective molecules. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev 31:605‐648,2011
Prolonged ischemia increases severity of rejection in skin flap allotransplantation in rats
Authors: Shimizu Fumiaki , Okamoto Osamu , Katagiri Kazumoto , Fujiwara Sakuhei , Wei Fu‐Chan
Published: January 2010

To investigate the relationship between ischemic time and rejection against allotransplants, vascularized cutaneous flaps from the groin of Brown Norway rats were transplanted to Lewis rats. The ischemic time was set at 1 hour and 6 hours for comparison. Cycrosporine A was used as the immunosuppressant. The results showed more severe rejection in the 6 hours ischemic time group in vivo, and in vitro examination using mixed lymphocyte reaction assay also demonstrated a greater antidonor response in 6 hours‐ischemic group than that in 1 hour‐group. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated more MHC class II antigen expression in 6 hours‐ischemic group than in 1 hour‐group. These results suggest that longer ischemic time induces more severe rejection against allo‐transplanted tissue compared with the shorter one through an upregulation of MHC class II antigen. It is expected that these findings contribute to the studies for investigating the mechanism of rejection against the allo‐transplants. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.
Translating Knowledge About Environmental Health to Practitioners: Are We Doing Enough?
Authors: Trasande Leonardo , Newman Nicholas , Long Linda , Howe Genevieve , Kerwin Beth J. , Martin Richard J. , Gahagan Sheila A. , Weil William B.
Published: January 2010

Background: Practitioners see a large number of children affected by environmental exposures each year. A national network of pediatric environmental health specialty units has been established to strengthen prevention capacity, yet the effectiveness of that translational resource has not been assessed.

Methods: We supplemented a qualitative systematic review of previous assessments of healthcare provider capacity with a self‐administered survey sent to the membership of the Michigan chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. We mailed surveys twice between October 2007 and January 2008 and obtained a 39.4% response rate.

Results: Our systematic review identified 8 relevant studies, all of which relied on self‐report questionnaires and surveys. Recognizing this methodological weakness, we found that national and state samples consistently identified significant gaps in self‐efficacy and knowledge about environmental hazards across a broad range of child care providers. In the Michigan survey, respondents voiced high self‐efficacy in dealing with lead and second‐hand smoke, but confidence in managing pesticide, mercury, mold, polychlorinated biphenyl, and air pollution exposures was much lower (P < 0.0001). Pediatricians routinely referred affected patients to lead/toxicology clinics and allergist/immunologists but not to the regional pediatric environmental health specialty unit.

Conclusions: Gaps persist in practitioner knowledge about environmental health nationwide and across disciplines. Despite methodological weaknesses, educational opportunities and other efforts should be studied to determine best practices for enhancing the evaluation of environmental health concerns in children. Mt Sinai J Med 77:114&–123, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Spinal Tumors
Authors: Meyer Scott A. , Singh Harshpal , Jenkins Arthur L.
Published: January 2010

Spinal metastases represent a significant cause of morbidity in patients diagnosed with malignancies. Metastases to the spine can cause severe pain, paralysis, and impairment of activities of daily living. The treatment paradigm for spinal metastases involves a cohesive multidisciplinary approach that allows treatment plans to be made in the context of a patient's overall condition. There have been significant advances in the surgical treatment of spinal metastases that can significantly improve a patient's quality of life. Mt Sinai J Med 77:124&–129, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Preliminary reliability and repeatability of the Brazilian version of the Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale
Authors: Pacciulio Amanda M. , Pfeifer Luzia I. , Santos Jair L. F.
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study was to create an adaptation of the Revised Knox Preschool Play Scale (RKPPS) for the Brazilian population, as well as to apply the instrument with statistical analysis to verify the preliminary intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability and repeatability of the instrument. The instructions presented by Beaton et al. regarding adaptation of instruments were followed to perform a cross‐cultural adaptation of the RKPPS. A preliminary test of the Portuguese version was performed on 18 children with no motor, cognitive or sensory impairment. The video recordings of this administration were analysed on two separate occasions by two examiners within a 5‐month interval, using the scores suggested by Pfeifer. The Spearman's test was used in the statistical analysis of the obtained data. The author of the RKPPS agreed with the small necessary cultural adaptations. The Spearman test revealed a high correlation coefficient and good significance levels for both intra‐ and inter‐raters values. This study demonstrated the reliability and repeatability of the Brazilian version of the RKPPS. This is a preliminary study and further studies are needed in order to validate the scale to be administered in the Brazilian population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.