bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel experimental set-up for in-situ microstructural characterization during continuous strain path change
Authors: Dhara S , Taylor S , Figiel Ł , Shollock B , Hazra S
Published: November 2020

Strain path change is a typical phenomenon during continuous stamping operations of sheet metal for a variety of applications including automotive body parts. During stamping, a punch continuously deforms a metal sheet to produce a desired geometry while following various strain path transitions depending on overall design of the stamping process. The strain path change can potentially alter the expected forming limit of the material. Previous researchers investigated the effect of changing strain path by loading sample in two distinct steps. Typically, between the steps the sample is unloaded before being re-loaded in the new strain path. This practice reflects the key challenge in elucidating this strain path dependent deformation, which is the ability to control the strain path change in a single deformation stage in an experimental set-up. In this work, a novel testing rig and specimen geometry that is capable of changing the strain path of a sample continuously without unloading the specimen were conceptualised, modelled and subsequently manufactured. Using this apparatus, the specimen was deformed in the uniaxial strain path in the first step before being deformed biaxially without unloading in between the steps. Thus, the apparatus ensures that the sample undergoes a continuous strain path change without unloading between the steps. The size of this mechanical test rig permits it to be placed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber in order to study strain path transition in-situ to highlight strain localization and related microstructural changes in real time. Utilizing this test set-up, strain path change and corresponding strain values along each strain path were evaluated. The changes in material microstructure were concurrently investigated using in-situ SEM and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis.
Reverse-loading coefficients identification for updated homogeneous anisotropic hardening model
Authors: Lee Shin-Yeong , Kim Jin-Hwan , Barlat Frédéric
Published: November 2020

The homogeneous anisotropic hardening (HAH) model formulation, which is solely based on distortional plasticity, was improved recently. In this study, a robust coefficient identification scheme was developed for this updated model. Tension-compression tests were conducted on a mild steel sheet sample to assess the hardening behavior in the forward-reverse loading mode. An inverse identification procedure was employed to calibrate the coefficients of the model. The Nelder-Mead simplex and genetic optimization methods were investigated and the results regarding the accuracy of the calibration were compared. As a result, both optimization methods led to reasonable coefficients for the new model.
A novel uncoupled ductile fracture criterion for prediction of failure in sheet metal forming
Authors: Quach H , Kim J J , Sung J H , Kim Y S
Published: November 2020

The ductile fracture behavior of anisotropic materials was modeled by the uncoupled ductile fracture criterion. The ductile fracture model was concerned with the micro mechanisms of void nucleation, void growth, and evolution of void coalescence. The advance plastic model of Hill’48 non-associated flow rule is considered in proposed ductile fracture criterion. A series of basic fracture testing covering a wide range of stress state for aluminum alloy 6016-AC200 are carried out. Strain field on the surface of specimens is captured by the non-contact measurement DIC system. The fracture locus constructed using the proposed criterion is close to the experimental data points over a wide stress triaxiality range from negative to intermediate and high stress triaxiality. Then, a square cup drawing test is conducted in order to verify efficiency of the proposed fracture criterion in predicting fracture behavior of metal sheet. The results indicate that the proposed ductile fracture criterion can be utilized for predicting initial fracture in sheet metal forming.
An Infrared local heat-treatment method to improve local formability of forming and trimming processes
Authors: Kim Ki-Young , Park Soohyun , Lee Eun-Ho , Kang Youn Hee
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a local heat-treatment method to improve the local formability for stamping and trimming processes by using focused infrared (IR) rays. Although the demand of ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) has been increasing in order to reduce car weights, the low formability of the UHSS has been a limitation. In order to resolve the formability problem, heat treatment methods have been often studied, and the authors also have developed a local heat treatment method by using focused infrared (IR) rays for a decade. The difference of this method from the author’s previous works is that the new heat treatment is completed by the supplier. The supplier of the materials completes the local heat treatment on target areas of blanks where to improve the local formability, then stamping companies can conduct cold forming and trimming. The target material of this paper is a 1.5GPa steel, CR 1480M steel supplied by POSCO. This paper discusses the local formability change caused by the presented IR heat treatment.
The formability and application of hot-rolled dual-phase steel under nonlinear strain paths
Authors: Chen W J , Song H W , Pei X H , Zhang S H
Published: November 2020

The hot-rolled dual-phase steel 700DP was developed to reduce weight and improve safety in automobile industry. However, strain path changes inevitably occur for most of components during sheet forming process. Therefore, it’s valuable to predict the cracking accurately under nonlinear strain paths for the application of 700DP steel with finite element method (FEM). In this paper, the mechanical properties of hot-rolled dual-phase steel 580DP and 700DP were studied with tensile test. Nakazima test and two-step nonlinear loading test were used to establish the modelling with the method of equivalent plastic strain-based FLC (ep-FLC). Furthermore, the ep-FLC was applied to predict the disc forming result of three-stage process, which agreed well with the experimental results for both 580DP and 700DP compared with conventional FLC.
Enhancement of Edge Crack Predictability for Automotive High-Strength Thick Steel Sheets Considering the Pressure Effect
Authors: Bae Gihyun , Park Namsu , Song Junghan , Lee Jongsup , Jang Inje , Park Keunyoung
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the prediction accuracy of edge crack of automotive high-strength thick steel sheets according to the numerical simulation method. The mechanical tests under tension, tension/compression and loading-unloading conditions were performed to evaluate anisotropy, hardening behaviour and elastic modulus change, respectively. Edge stretchability was evaluated by the HER(hole expansion ratio) test according to the hole processing method. Based on the measured data, three simulation methods were constructed with respect to the material model and the element type. The half dome test was selected for verifying edge crack predictability according to the simulation method. The simulation results show that the pressure effect along the thickness direction has significant effect on prediction accuracy of edge crack for high-strength thick steel sheets used for automotive chassis parts.
Inelastic strain recovery of magnesium alloys and a new elastic modulus model
Authors: Yan YU Hai , Hangyu WU , Lin Wang
Published: November 2020

Cyclic loading-unloading uniaxial tension experiments were performed for AZ31B magnesium sheets. The inelastic strain recovery behavior of the AZ31B sheets unloaded under different plastic strain was investigated. An interesting phenomenon on the elastic modulus change was presented. A new elastic modulus model was presented to characterize the inelastic strain recovery of the AZ31B sheets. Unlike the available models, this elastic modulus model takes both the instant stress and the plastic strain as the variables. The new elastic modulus model was incorporated into the ABAQUS software using the user subroutines. Validation of the subroutines and springback simulations were conducted with the presented elastic modulus models. The results showed that the inelastic strain recovery of the AZ31B sheets can reach 24% of the total strain recovery. The instant elastic modulus model can predict a perfect unloading path. The new elastic modulus model works better than the constant elastic modulus.
A Study on Effects of the Press Speed on Sheared Edge Formability
Authors: Gu J , Alamos F , Schoch D , Bornhorst J , Kim H
Published: November 2020

In this study, the effect of shearing speed on edge formability was investigated with two different grades of advanced high strength steel (AHSS), DP780 and GEN3-980. A straight blanking tool with adjustable shear clearance was used to shear the selected materials in two different type presses, a high-speed pneumatic press, and a mechanical servo-press. The four different shearing speeds from 0.01 meter per second up to 1.5 meters per second were realized and measured. The different shearing speed conditions result in different edge quality and work hardening levels. The half specimen dome test and micro-hardness analysis were conducted to evaluate the edge formability. The samples sheared with a pneumatic press at a higher speed showed significantly better edge quality, less hardness increase, and smoother sheared edge than the samples sheared with the servo press. The developed high-speed shearing condition has a very good potential to shear AHSS without creating significant damage and work hardening on the sheared edge, providing further advantages for the post stamping operations.
Development of springback tester and the effect of forming speed on the springback of four sheet metal bending processes
Authors: Luyi Dou , Xiaoqiang Li , Hongrui Dong , Dongsheng LI , Xingyi Peng
Published: November 2020

With the current increasing emphasis on issues of energy saving, emission reduction, driver and passenger safety in automotive industry, lightweight bodywork is an effective measure to reduce vehicle energy consumption. And also, high-strength bodywork structure can improve automobile safety performance because of its high impact absorption energy, and high fatigue resistance. In sheet metal forming, springback is a main defect with using high strength steel. Aiming to investigate sheet metal springback phenomenon for high-strength steel, a multi-funtional springback test machine is built. The testing machine can perform four types of springback tests: V-bend, U-bend, stretchbend and drawbend, and all these tests have been carried out to investgate the effect of springback factor in sheet metal forming processes for example forming speed. The research found that the springback angle of U-bend and drawbend increase with enlarging speed, however, V-bend and stretchbend show the opposite trend.
A new workflow for the effective distinction between necking induced spilts and direct fracture phenomena
Authors: Manopulo N , Carleer B
Published: November 2020

The predominant mode of failure in stamping applications is still splitting due to localized necking. This kind of failure is very effectively captured by the forming limit curve, especially if nonlinear deformation effects are modelled. With the sharp increase in low-ductility (weight efficient) materials, direct fracture phenomena (surface cracks, edge cracks, shear cracks, etc.) increasingly enter the daily industrial stamping practice, especially in follow operations. Contrary to the classical FLC analysis, there exists nowadays no industry-wide standardization for characterizing these phenomena. This drives up modelling costs and reduces the expected improvement in the overall modelling uncertainty. It therefore becomes crucial to understand and detect the circumstances in which an advanced fracture characterization is necessary, such that limited resources can be effectively allocated. The present contribution aims to propose such a workflow. Firstly a reasonable lower bound for the fracture limits is estimated based on theoretical considerations and evidence from scientific literature. This estimation is used to conduct a first analysis step which is used to categorize the process based on whether a standard modelling approach is sufficient to deliver the required accuracy. A second step of accurate fracture identification is therefore only recommended for the subset of geometries with particularly high risk. The approach is tested on data for AA6016 and DP980 from literature and validated based on published experimental results.
Potentials of an adaptive blank positioning to control material and process fluctuations in deep drawing
Authors: Briesenick David , Liewald Mathias , Cyron Patrick
Published: November 2020

Series production of sheet metal components in press shops is permanently subjected to an increasing pressure in time, cost and quality. Varying sheet metal properties due to batch fluctuations and changing process conditions lead to an increase of try out time phase and scrap rate, resulting in a demand for adaptive control strategies for deep drawing. Today, these chal-lenges are met by integrating sensors and actuators into tool structure which measure and control part quality, mainly through blank draw-in. However, such tool-based control systems require a complex and cost-intensive modification of the existing die or press technology. Against this background, the active adjustment of blank position prior the deep drawing process realized with an intelligent transfer and positioning system as a promising approach towards economic and technical aspects. This paper deals with blank positioning and its sensitivity to quality-related failures of deep drawn sheet metal components like splits and wrinkles. Therefore, a numerical study was conducted on a deep drawing process of an exemplary structural part geometry, wherein a typical fluctuation of material parameters and variation of local friction conditions was simulated. Subsequently, correlations between process disturbance and blank draw-in were elaborated, thus using local draw-in values as controlled variables for a closed loop system. Sim-ulation results showed that the manipulating parameter, i.e. the blank position prior deep draw-ing, reveals a significant influence on the draw-in and therefore on the component s quality. An essential finding of this study is the numerical proof of concept for this new deep drawing control strategy, demonstrated for different process conditions. Finally, disturbances in the deep drawing process considered could be successfully controlled by adapting the blank position.
Lubricant Selection and Post Forming Material Characterization in Incremental Sheet Forming
Authors: Mulay Amrut , Ben Satish , Ismail Syed
Published: November 2020

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a flexible, novel and rapid sheet forming process to deform extra thin to the thick sheet with the help of computer numerical control unit, hemispherical tool and fixture. A tool follows a series of small incremental steps which deforms the sheet into the desired shape. Despite of recent development occurred in past, the little literature was reported which investigate the effect of various types of lubricants in SPIF process. This study aims to address the distinct type of lubricant to accomplish better surface roughness and formability of final parts while incremental forming of aluminium 5052 H32 sheets. After the forming process, the fractographies of the specimen were studied at optimal condition. The study is also extended to determine residual stresses generated due to incremental deformation and its effect on corrosion phenomenon with the environment. It has been found that the fracture zone material is likely to corrode more rapidly due to increased plastic deformation than the material at initial and middle forming zones.
Evaluation of 22MnB5 Steel Austenitization Sub-Models for Simulating the Heating Phase of Hot Stamping
Authors: Zhao B , Chiriac C , Daun K J
Published: November 2020

The heating phase of hot stamping is the most time-and energy-intensive part of the process, and therefore offers significant potential to improve process efficiency. This requires a robust thermometallurgical model that predicts the blank heating profile and the austenitization progress inside a roller hearth furnace. In this paper, an IM austenitization model for 22MnB5 steel is derived using dilatometry data and evaluated against a JMAK type model using temperature profiles of coupons heated within a laboratory-scale muffle furnace and blanks heated within a roller hearth furnace. The austenitization rates predicted by the two models are then compared to the inferred austenitization processes from those temperature profiles. The result shows that the IM model has potential to capture the trend of austenitization process, especially the rapid pearlite dissolution at the beginning of the transformation, whereas the JMAK type model is too restrictive and fails in this regard.
A simplified method for the evaluation of the layer compression test using one 3D digital image correlation system and considering the material anisotropy by the equibiaxial Lankford parameter
Authors: Camberg A A , Tröster T
Published: November 2020

The layer compression test is an established method for the characterization of sheet metal behavior under equibiaxial tension. Due to its ability to achieve high strains without necking and the simple experimental setup, the test is a welcome alternative to the more complex Bulge test for flow curve determination. In addition, the layer compression test provides further data for the calibration of yield loci models. However, the evaluation of the test is not trivial, since a tactile extensometer measurement incorporates the error of closing gaps between single sheet layers. Moreover, the sheet metal anisotropy is neglected. To overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, a measurement and evaluation methodology based on the optical strain measurement of two orthogonally positioned 3D digital image correlation (DIC) systems was introduced recently. The method delivers reliable results but increases the complexity and costs of the test. Here, a simplification to this method is proposed. By the usage of only one 3D DIC system, the major in-plane strain is acquired from an online measurement. The minor in-plane strain is calculated posteriori by the consideration of the biaxial Lankford parameter. In this way, the anisotropy and thus the correct flow behavior can be studied by only one 3D DIC system. The proposed method is evaluated and discussed.
Interaction between forming and joint quality of the friction-assisted clinching
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Wang Zhiyong , Li Yong , Han Shanling
Published: November 2020

In order to achieve the effective joining of aluminum and magnesium alloy sheets, a friction-assisted clinching is innovatively proposed to reduce material damage during the process and improve the joint quality. 2 mm thick Al5052 aluminum sheet and 2 mm thick AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet were selected as the research objects, the interaction between different forming parameters, i.e., die depth, rotational speed and rotation time, and the joint quality, i.e., the damage, neck and interlock were explored by DEFORM-3D. The influence of sheet temperature on damage and punch load is analysed, the rotational speed and rotation time have great influence on the forming joint, the die depth mainly affects the neck and interlock. Comparing the joint qualities under different forming parameter combinations, it is found that the joint quality is the best when the bottom die depth is 2.2 mm and the bottom punch is applied at 1000 rpm for 0.5 s. The research will provide a valuable reference for the realization of joining the aluminum and magnesium sheets.
Heat generation when forming AHSS: experimental and numerical analysis of tensile and draw-bead tests
Authors: Neto D M , Barros J R , Oliveira M C , Antunes P V , Ramalho A , Amaral R L , Santos A D , Alves J L , Menezes L F
Published: November 2020

The increasing use of advanced high-strength steels in sheet metal forming processes requires improved knowledge concerning the thermal and contact conditions. This study presents the experimental and numerical analysis of tensile and draw-bead tests, considering a dual phase steel DP780. The temperature evolution was measured in both tests using an infrared thermal camera. The presented finite element model considers both the heat generated by plastic deformation and friction, as well as the heat loss to the environment by free convention and the contact conductance. The temperature rise in the uniaxial tensile test is accurately predicted by the numerical model. Regarding the draw-bead test, the pulling force is accurately predicted but the temperature variation is overestimated, requiring further investigation.
New tool to evaluate the fracture resistance of thin high strength metal sheets
Authors: Frómeta D , Lara A , Parareda S , Grifé L. , Casellas D
Published: November 2020

Fracture toughness has become a key property to predict the fracture performance of high strength metal sheets (edge cracking resistance, crash failure behaviour, local formability, etc.). However, the measurement of the fracture toughness of thin sheets still being challenging, mainly because of complex, expensive and time-consuming specimen preparation. In this work, an innovative tool to readily assess the fracture resistance of thin advanced high strength metal sheets is presented. The device consists of a special cutting tool (punch and die) designed to introduce sharp notches in sheet specimens through a simple shearing process. This new method avoids the need for fatigue pre-cracking procedures and allows measuring the fracture toughness of thin metal sheets with easy and cheap specimen preparation. It has been used in this work to evaluate the crack propagation resistance of four different advanced high strength steel sheets. The obtained toughness values are in good agreement with those measured with fatigue pre-cracked specimens and they show to be suitable to predict edge formability of AHSS sheets.
The impact of the first overseas empire on the modern French colonial service at war: the cases of Hubert Deschamps and Robert Garry
Authors: Jennings Eric T
Published: November 2020

How did French colonial officials, leagues removed from the metropole, decide whether to remain loyal to Vichy or to join de Gaulle in 1940? This article suggests that in addition to legalism, colonial administrators opted for Vichy in part because of a long-term anti-British imperial ethos. Cultivated in colonial circles, this ethos dwelled on humiliation by perfidious Albion in Québec, Mauritius, Madagascar and at Fashoda, rather than on points of imperial cooperation that might have been stressed, including Franco-British joint rule over the New Hebrides. In this sense, the first French overseas empire weighed mightily on mid-twentieth century colonial minds. The article focuses on two emblematic high ranking officials, Hubert Deschamps and Robert Garry. Of radically different political backgrounds, the pair served as key operatives for Vichy overseas. In so doing, they mobilized the memory of a Franco-British rivalry they saw extending from Agincourt to Mers-el-Kébir. Their colonial training coloured more than their 1940 decisions: it also conditioned the remarkable and parallel ways in which they recovered from the purges of 1944-1945.
Evolution of pulmonary valve reconstruction with focused review of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene handmade valves
Authors: Chang Te-I , Hsu Kang-Hong , Li Shao-Jung , Chuang Min-Kai , Luo Chi-Wen , Chen Yi-Jen , Chang Chung-I
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES

Many surgeons develop unique techniques for unmet needs for right ventricular outflow reconstruction to resolve pulmonary regurgitation after corrective surgery for congenital heart diseases. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) stands out as a reliable synthetic material, and clinical results with handmade ePTFE valves have been promising. This review focuses on the historical evolution of the use of ePTFE in pulmonary valve replacement and in the techniques for pioneering the translation of the handmade ePTFE trileaflet design for the transcatheter approach.

METHODS

We searched for and reviewed publications from 1990 to 2020 in the Pubmed database. Nineteen clinical studies from 2005 to 2019 that focused on ePTFE-based valves were summarized. The evolution of the ePTFE-based valve over 3 decades and recent relevant in vitro studies were investigated.

RESULTS

The average freedom from reintervention or surgery in the recorded ePTFE-based valve population was 90.2% at 5 years, and the survival rate was 96.7% at 3 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Non-inferior clinical results of this ePTFE handmade valve were revealed compared to allograft or xenograft options for pulmonary valve replacement. Future investigations on transferring ePTFE trileaflet design to transcatheter devices should be considered.
Aztreonam/avibactam activity against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales collected in Europe, Asia and Latin America in 2019
Authors: Sader Helio S , Carvalhaes Cecilia G , Arends S J Ryan , Castanheira Mariana , Mendes Rodrigo E
Published: November 2020

Background

Aztreonam is a monobactam stable to hydrolysis by metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and avibactam is a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that effectively inhibits serine carbapenemases (CPs). Aztreonam/avibactam is under clinical development for treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including MBL-producers.

Objectives

To evaluate the in vitro activity of aztreonam/avibactam against clinical Enterobacterales isolates.

Methods

8787 Enterobacterales were collected consecutively from 64 medical centres located in Western Europe (W-EU; n = 4616; 26 centres in 10 nations), Eastern Europe (E-EU; n = 1554; 11 centres in 9 nations), the Asia-Pacific region (APAC; n = 1456; 17 centres in 9 nations), and Latin America (LATAM; n = 1161; 10 centres in 6 nations). Susceptibility tests were performed by reference broth microdilution methods and interpreted according to EUCAST criteria.

Results

99.9% of isolates were inhibited at aztreonam/avibactam MIC of ≤8 mg/L (MIC50/90, ≤0.03/0.12 mg/L), including 99.7% of carbapenem-resistant (CRE; n = 396; MIC50/90, 0.25/0.5 mg/L) and 99.7% of multidrug-resistant isolates (n = 1706; MIC50/90, 0.06/0.5 mg/L). CRE rates were 1.2%, 12.9%, 5.2%, and 5.8% in W-EU, E-EU, APAC, and LATAM, respectively (4.5% overall). A CP was identified in 90.2% of CRE isolates. The most common CPs were variants of KPC (35.9% of CRE), NDM (29.0%), and OXA-48 (26.8%). The highest aztreonam/avibactam MIC value among MBL-producers (n = 110; MIC50/90, 0.12/0.5 mg/L) was 2 mg/L. Susceptibility rates for ceftriaxone, meropenem, levofloxacin, and amikacin were highest in W-EU (80.9%, 99.0%, 80.7% and 97.9%, respectively) and lowest in E-EU (52.0%, 88.9%, 54.1%, and 84.2%, respectively).

Conclusions

Our results support clinical development of aztreonam/avibactam to treat infections caused by Enterobacterales, including MBL-producers.
Biology and Management of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California
Authors: Wilson Houston , Burks Charles S , Reger Joshua E , Wenger Jacob A
Published: November 2020

Navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), is a primary pest of almonds, pistachios, and walnuts in California. These specialty tree nut crops are widely planted across the state and account for a significant share of total agricultural revenue, with 1.7 million combined acres generating a total farm-gate value of $8.9 billion. Larvae of A. transitella cause direct damage to the nut, burrowing into the kernel and contaminating it with frass and webbing, while adults are able to introduce fungi during oviposition that produce aflatoxin, a known human carcinogen that is heavily regulated both domestically and in key foreign markets. As such, there is little tolerance for A. transitella infestation, and most operations aim for <2% crop damage from this pest. Currently, integrated management of A. transitella involves a combination of orchard sanitation, well-timed insecticide sprays, timely harvest, and, most recently, mating disruption. Additional novel tools, such as sterile insect technique, are currently being explored. This species has a strong dispersal capacity, and given the extensive, and many times contiguous, acreage of tree nuts in California, long-term management will require the development of an effective area-wide management strategy. Tools, tactics, and conditions are in an ongoing state of change, and therefore pest management for this economically important species is a work in progress. Here, we discuss the biology, seasonal phenology, monitoring, and management of A. transitella across almonds, pistachios, and walnuts.
Striped cucumber Beetle and Western Striped Cucumber Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Haber Ariela I , Wallingford Anna K , Grettenberger Ian M , Ramirez Bonilla Jasmin P , Vinchesi-Vahl Amber C , Weber Donald C
Published: November 2020

The striped cucumber beetle [StCB; Acalymma vittatum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)] and the western striped cucumber beetle [WStCB; Acalymma trivittatum (Mannerheim)] are closely related species of herbivores endemic to North America that specialize on Cucurbitaceae plants. StCB and WStCB are key pests of cucurbit crops that can reduce quantity and quality of yield or even kill plants, especially seedlings, by feeding and by vectoring pathogens. Insecticides can be used to control StCB and WStCB, but a number of more selective nonchemical management methods are also available to help control these pests. Here, we describe the biology, life stages, and damage caused by StCB and WStCB and discuss methods for managing these pests in cucurbit crops.
Arden of Faversham, the authorship problem: Shakespeare, Watson, or Kyd?
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: November 2020

Arden of Faversham, a play published anonymously in 1592, was for many years attributed to Thomas Kyd. In modern times, it has been claimed that Shakespeare contributed one or more scenes, and in a recent essay in this journal, Gary Taylor argued that Thomas Watson (1555–92) wrote at least one scene. There are several problems with this attribution. As noted elsewhere, Watson was an eminent neo-Latin scholar and no record exists of him ever writing English plays for the Elizabethan theatres. Taylor attributes one ‘theatrical work’ to him, but this was a welcoming oration that Watson wrote for Queen Elizabeth’s visit to the Earl of Hertford at Elvetham in 1591, a one-off event, which does not resemble a play. In this essay, I examine Taylor’s use of stylometric evidence. I show that his algorithm is designed to favor Watson, with his small canon, by calculating the number of words per hit. Despite Taylor’s repeated dismissal of Kyd’s authorship, I point out that his searches of other authors identified thirty-five matching passages with Kyd’s plays. Finally, I adduce recently available evidence that strongly confirms Kyd’s authorship of the whole play.
Structural Dissonance Re-Imagined: The Finale of Elgar’s Violin Sonata, OP. 82
Authors: Chandler Oliver
Published: November 2020

Contemporary critical reception of Elgar’s Violin Sonata in E minor, Op. 82 was divided: was this work old hat or modestly cutting edge? Study of the tonal intricacies of its finale can facilitate interesting answers to this question, which mediate between its implied extremes. The article focuses on Elgar’s unusual treatment of sonata form’s traditional harmonic pillars, arguing that he radically changed their surface contents while still attempting to guarantee their continued relevance as organizing presences at a level below the musical surface. Particularly important is his articulation of the finale’s structural dominant. The music that follows on from an abortive cadence in V at the end of the finale’s secondary theme area might be thought to ‘translate’ the dominant into a more modern kind of musical language; it can thus be perceived as a genuine structural dissonance once more, rather than as a consonant cliché.
Tandem Dances
Authors: Ritter Julia M.
Published: November 2020

Tandem Dances: Choreographing Immersive Performance proposes dance and choreography as frames through which to examine immersive theatre, more broadly known as immersive performance. The idea of tandemness—suggesting motion that is achieved by two bodies working together and acting in conjunction with one another—is critical throughout the book. Author Julia M. Ritter persuasively argues that practitioners of immersive productions deploy choreography as a structural mechanism to mobilize the bodies of cast and audience members to perform together. Furthermore, choreography is contextualized as an effective tool for facilitating audience participation towards immersion as an affect. Ritter’s close choreographic analysis of immersive productions, along with unique insights from choreographers, directors, performers, and spectators enlivens discourse across dramaturgy, kinesthesia, affect, and co-authorship. By foregrounding the choreographic in order to examine its specific impact on the evolution of immersive theater, Tandem Dances explores choreography as a discursive domain that is fundamentally related to creative practice, agendas of power and control, and concomitant issues of freedom and agency.
Fugue in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Walker Paul
Published: November 2020

This book explores the roots of the classic fugue and the early history of non-canonic fugal writing through the three principal fugal genres of the sixteenth century: motet, ricercar, and canzona. The book begins with the pivot in Western composition from an emphasis on variety to one on repetition, first developed by such Franco-Flemish composers as Loyset Compère and Josquin des Prez toward the end of the fifteenth century. By around 1520 Jean Mouton and his contemporaries had established the classic Franco-Flemish motet with its well-known point-of-imitation structure. Nicolas Gombert proved to be the real pioneer in the further development of this idea in the 1530s when he explored the return of thematic material after its initial presentation, an approach that proved central not only to the motet writing of Thomas Crecquillon and Jacobus Clemens non Papa, but also to the earliest experiments in serious abstract instrumental composition (the ricercar) undertaken by a series of organists active in Venice, most notably Claudio Merulo and Andrea Gabrieli. The most important innovation of the last decades of the century was the creation at the hands of Brescian organists of the fugal canzona alla francese, an instrumental genre inspired not by the sophisticated compositional style of the motet, but by the contrapuntally looser approach of such imitative chansons as Passereau’s Il est bel et bon. By century’s end, composers such as Giovanni de Macque had given the canzona a contrapuntal integrity commensurate with that of the ricercar.
Introduction
Authors: Walker Paul
Published: November 2020

Johann Sebastian Bach is widely acknowledged as the single greatest master of fugue of all time, to the extent that his contributions have come for a great many to define the genre. For no musicians does Bach loom larger than for organists, who as a result of the centrality of his music in their repertoire engage above all other musicians regularly and significantly with fugues. Indeed, fugues abound in the non-Bachian organ literature as well, from the ...
Fugue and Mode in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Walker Paul
Published: November 2020

This chapter begins with a consideration of the vocabulary for fugal writing used by sixteenth-century authors, compares and contrasts this with the standard vocabulary used for the classic tonal fugue, and explains the book’s approach to the use of all of this terminology. In addition, the modal system as applied to polyphonic composition in the sixteenth century is laid out. Finally, the modern concept of “tonal types,” as described for English-speakers by Harold Powers, is recommended as the best way to talk about mode for the purposes of this book.
The Fugal Canzona of the Late Renaissance
Authors: Walker Paul
Published: November 2020

Not until the 1580s did composers begin to establish the canzona alla francese as an instrumental counterpart to, rather than an intabulation of, the French chanson. The center of this activity was Brescia, and imitation played a surprisingly important role. Despite the rather light, playful manner of its earliest manifestations, the genre had by century’s end begun to acquire serious contrapuntal rigor at the hands of Giovanni de Macque and others. This chapter concludes with a consideration of the fugal works of Giovanni Gabrieli, in which one begins to see the breakdown of division between ricercar and canzona through hybrid thematic material and stylistic fluidity.
Bare Numeral Classifier Phrases and Bare Nouns in Mandarin
Authors: Jiang Li Julie
Published: November 2020

Chapter 2 examines Mandarin numeral classifier phrases. It begins with a discussion of a list of tendentially universal properties of numeral-noun phrases in number marking languages (NMLs) like English and French and argues for a D-less analysis of them. It then shows that although numeral containing phrases in Mandarin differ a great deal from those in NMLs in the internal nominal domain, their scope behavior, interpretations, and distribution are rather similar to those of NMLs. It argues that the D-less analysis of numeral-noun phrases in NMLs can be extended to Mandarin numeral classifier phrases and further argues for a kind-referring analysis of Mandarin bare nouns. The proposed analysis of numeral classifier phrases correctly predicts the scope behavior of bare nouns in Mandarin and allows us to account for its numeral-less classifier phrases. This chapter concludes that it is not necessary to stipulate an empty D in Mandarin
Plurality and Complex Nominal Arguments in Mandarin
Authors: Jiang Li Julie
Published: November 2020

Chapter 3 focuses on -men in Mandarin, a morpheme that has been analyzed as a plural marker and/or a collective marker and has been used to argue for the existence of DP projections in Mandarin. It defends the view that -men is a plural marker but argues against the analysis of placing -men in the D position. By treating -men as a plural morpheme, the Mandarin fact may seem to argue against the proposed uniform D-less structure of numeral containing phrases in Chapter 2. However, this chapter argues that the Mandarin fact does not force us to change the proposed structure in Chapter 2. Specifically, it proposes an analysis of -men as an associative plural marker. The analysis of -men further argues for the lack of DP in Mandarin.
Implications on Nominal Argument Formation in General
Authors: Jiang Li Julie
Published: November 2020

Chapter 6 discusses the relationship between argument formation in classifier languages and argument formation more generally. It begins with a discussion on the variable and uniform properties concerning nominal arguments in NMLs and shows that their variation can be captured by two of the parameters in classifier languages proposed in Chapter 5. It further shows that the variation in whether nouns are coded as kinds or properties can differentiate classifier languages from NMLs. It then discusses languages, which have neither a general classifier system (unlike Mandarin or Nuosu Yi) nor obligatory singular/plural marking on nouns (unlike English or Hindi). Building on previous analyses, this chapter analyzes Yudja as a language with a silent Cl and Lhasa Tibetan a language with a silent Div. This chapter allows us to further update the variation and typology of nominal argument formation and to predict more types of languages.
Bad Blood
Authors: Brogaard Berit
Published: November 2020

In his landmark essay “Freedom and Resentment,” the philosopher Peter Strawson coined the term “reactive attitude” to refer to our emotional reactions to wrongdoing or acts of goodwill in the context of social relationships, such as your resentment toward a person who wronged you or gratitude toward a person who did you a favor. These emotional reactions, Strawson argued, are beneficial because they serve to uphold the standards of our moral community. Strawson didn’t take an official stance on whether hatred can perform a similar beneficial role. But subsequently, a number of thinkers have argued that it serves no worthwhile purpose. In terms of safeguarding our moral ideals, we are better off without it. Hate is frowned upon because of its close ties to vengeance. Vengeful hate is dehumanizing. But, this chapter argues, vengeance is not essential to hate. Without it, hate can be a gateway to moral vision.
Putting the Public House of Madīnah on the Muslim Map
Authors: Robb Megan Eaton
Published: November 2020

This chapter traces a network of regionally, nationally, and locally significant publications, with Madinah newspaper at its center. The threads of this newspaper publication are placed in context with periodicals, associations, and publishing houses to make clear newspapers’ contribution to the delineation of an Urdu public sphere in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Qasbahs not only contributed to the deeper penetration of the public sphere in North India but also influenced the path and formation of that fragmented public. In an age of urbanization where the qasbah, or Islamicate small town, has been overlooked as critical to the construction of Muslim identity, this chapter highlights the language and visual culture of these ancestral towns as influential in the development of a Muslim public in th), ^#e early twentieth century through print publishing.
Provincializing Policies through the Urdu Public
Authors: Robb Megan Eaton
Published: November 2020

In the case of Bijnor, the symbolic distance of the qasbah from the city allowed it first to promote League–Congress collaboration in terms of benefit to localities outside large cities. The qasbah timescape was significant in its distance from the city, but more importantly its proximity to the units of community that mattered, communities crystallized by language, geography, and culture. Madīnah’s politics in the 1920s and 1930s were a mix of opposition to the Muslim League, support for Congress, suspicion of Westernization, and justified cooperation with Hindus, all in Islamic terms. The case study of the 1937 Bijnor by-elections demonstrates that conversations in one qasbah both exposed fault lines in Muslim identity and instituted a separation from the national matrix of Congress–Muslim League alignment. In the process, the paper sought to accommodate and report on a vast array of conversations relevant to Muslims, many of which have not received attention in historiography of media prior to 1947 previously.
The Public as a Timescape
Authors: Robb Megan Eaton
Published: November 2020

Out of the intersection of a modernity that shrank miles into minutes with a disjointed temporality preserved by the limitations to fast travel, Madinah newspaper delineated a new space and time. It transformed its geographic isolation into a source of moral authenticity for the modern age. As a modern Islamic voice it wove its local public into the fabric of a history being lived by Muslims in many places. From the fusion of the telegraph and the printing press with centuries-old social and communication networks it fashioned credibility and accessibility; with Western print technology, it preserved the religious significance of traditional calligraphy; with this religious visual authority it elevated the aesthetic of the newspaper form. Embodying as a business the virtuous rhythms of Muslim devotion, it became an indelible part of the life rhythm of its home qasbah and of communities beyond its borders. This indicates that this and other small-town newspapers may have been a key vector by which these political orientations were incubated, nourished, and maintained.
Introduction
Authors: Calvillo Jonathan E.
Published: November 2020

This chapter sets the stage for how central Santa Ana functions as a space in which a substantial number of residents experience a close link between faith and ethnic identity. The chapter introduces the role of faith as a critical resource in the lives of Mexican immigrants in Santa Ana. Faith functions as a salient dimension of identity because it provides resources of survival for many marginalized Mexican immigrants. General statistics on the city highlight particular aspects of inequality experienced by many working-class Mexican immigrants. Finally, this chapter invites the reader to look beyond institutional forms of faith and to examine how Mexican immigrants express agency through forms of lived religion in the city.
Altar Encounters
Authors: Calvillo Jonathan E.
Published: November 2020

This chapter examines Latinx religious identities through the lens of change and continuity. For evangelicals, the experience of religious conversion becomes a marker of evangelical identity. Some Catholics, too, have experiences of religious renewal which closely approximate religious conversion. For evangelicals, conversion experiences are closely linked to rupturing with the past. For Catholics, religious renewal is a way to solidify ties to the past, both religious and ethnic. Essentially, Catholics have a stronger sense of continuity with the past and evangelicals tend to emphasize discontinuity with the past. Ultimately, the author addresses the dilemma of how experiences of religious renewal and religious change relate to ethnic identity maintenance. Understandings of the past matter for ethnic identity because they structure the collective memories that people have at their disposal to bolster a sense of shared history. Conversion experiences also shape how people understand themselves in relation to ethnic spaces.
Sites Unseen
Authors: Calvillo Jonathan E.
Published: November 2020

This chapter argues that Catholics and evangelicals ultimately contribute to distinct constructions of ethnic space and of ethnic identity, in as much as ethnic space serves as a mechanism for ethnic identity construction. For Catholics, religion shapes the boundaries of ethnicity as a retrospective, locally anchored, communally embodied identity. For evangelicals, religion shapes the boundaries of ethnicity as a future looking, regionally dispersed, voluntarily selected identity. Catholicism, the author argues, tends to contribute to a more robust sense of ethnic continuity, while evangelicalism tends to contribute to a more robust sense of religious salience. The author argues that intergenerational transmission is a matter that both traditions continue to contend with as it has significant bearing on their ethnic futures. The chapter closes by reflecting on the adaptive ethnoreligious identities being forged by later generation Latinxs in light of the materials made available by earlier generations.
Introduction
Authors: Embree Ainslie T.
Published: November 2020

Introduces the topic of South Asia’s borders, and the concept of ‘frontiers’ versus ‘boundaries’, and how the British affected the South Asian idea of political space.
The End of the Multi-State System, 1798–1833
Authors: Embree Ainslie T.
Published: November 2020

Deals with the next 35 years of British rule where they assumed control of former princely states and inherited their dealings and definitions of border maintenance.
Frontiers and the Mountain Wall, 1833–57
Authors: Embree Ainslie T.
Published: November 2020

Looks at the next 25 years where the specific problems were defining boundaries along the Nepalese and other Himalayan territories, the Burmese issue, and the line with Afghanistan in the northwest.