bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Operating Strategies of Micro-Grids for Renewable Energy Communities
Authors: Khan Saad Salman
Published: April 2016

Electric power is flexible, easily controlled and is used in everyone's daily life. Humans can't use other form of energy except electric power because electric power, is one of the main factor to economic development, improved health care, poverty alleviation, and cleaner environment for a society. According to an estimate people more than 1.5 billion worldwide don't have sufficient access to electric power due to inaccessibility, electrification via traditional centralized form of grid was not a feasible option. This led to phenomenal research interest in microgrid based energy supply. Microgrids are low voltage network's that are designed to generate, transmit and distribute electrical energy. These grids accomplish specific goals such as cost reduction, CO2 emission reduction, reliability and diversification of energy sources. Microgrids are an ideal way to integrate renewable energy resources in the local community and allow consumer participation in an energy enterprise. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive overview of recent advancement in Microgrids.
Revolution of Energy Storage System in Smart Grids
Authors: Wong Jianhui , Lim Yun Seng
Published: April 2016

Electrical grid is no longer featured in a conventional way nowadays. Today, the growing of new technologies, primarily the distributed renewable energy sources and electric vehicles, has been integrated with the distribution networks causing several technical issues. As a result, the penetration of the renewable energy sources can be limited by the utility companies. Smart grid has been emerged as one of the solutions to the technical issues, hence allowing the usage of renewable and improving the energy efficiency of the electrical grid. The challenge is to develop an intelligent management system to maintain the balance between the generation and demand. This task can be performed by using energy storage system. As part of the smart grid, the deployment of energy storage system plays a critical role in stabilizing the voltage and frequency of the networks with renewable energy sources and electric vehicles. This book chapter illustrates the revolution and the roles of energy storage for improving the network performance.
Identification of Reliability Critical Items in Large and Complex Rail Electrical Networks
Authors: Mahboob Qamar
Published: April 2016

Rail electrification network, within the concept of smart grid, integrates various technologies and is operated in an environment where the behavior and failure modes of the system are difficult to model. It has been proven that modern electrical networks are rather complex, involving multi-dependencies between components (also called system variables) and uncertainties about these dependencies. Modeling and quantification of the reliability for a large system, which requires the handling of dependencies and uncertainties is a complex task, especially for the system where high availability is required. System design includes historical experiences and evidence; therefore, system correctly performs its intended functions. However, wrong method or system model for the purpose of reliability analysis can lead to over or underestimation of the system reliability. In this work, Hierarchical Bayesian Networks are applied to model and assess the reliability of a large and complex rail electrification network and the reliability critical items are identified.
Implementation of Improved Control Strategy of DC-AC Converter using Delta-Sigma Modulator
Authors: Mohapatra Mohamayee , Baladhandautham Chitti Babu
Published: April 2016

This Chapter presents a comparative study between two current control techniques, namely, conventional Delta Modulator and novel Delta-Sigma Modulator. The use of Delta modulator in variable speed drives poses a problem of noise while converting analog signal in to digital form; to optimize Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) inverter waveforms on-line without any optimization process. But in the Delta-Sigma Modulator the noise varies. It can be successfully applied to over-sampling digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital data converters, switch mode power supplies and inverters It is easy to implement, smooth inverter operation and provides low harmonics at the inverter output. The comparative study between the above said current controllers has been verified by the MATLAB computer simulation in terms of the high frequency power spectra, average switching frequency, rms current error and total harmonic distortion of load current waveforms. The obtained theoretical results are validated with experimental platform based on TMS320F2812 digital signal processor for effectiveness of the study.
Signal Processing Techniques in Smart Grids
Authors: Uddin Zahoor , Shah Nadir , Ahmad Ayaz , Mehmood Waqar , Alam Farooq
Published: April 2016

Basic concept of a smart grid is to have monitoring capability with data integration, advanced analysis to support system control, enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the power demand and reduce the energy consumption and cost. Implementing the smart grid will require intelligent interaction between the power generating and consuming devices that can be achieved by installing devices capable of processing data and communicating it to various parts in the grid. In short, we can say that the modern efficient data processing and communication technologies require advance digital signal processing techniques used in smart grid. This chapter first provides a comprehensive survey on the applications of signal processing techniques in smart grid. The challenges and limitations of signal processing techniques regarding the smart grid are also presented. Literature review of the recent advances in smart grid is also presented. This chapter also outlines some future research directions related to the field of applications of signal processing techniques in smart grid.
Dynamic Trust Elective Geo Routing to Secure Smart Grid Communication Networks
Authors: Xiang Ming , Liu William , Bai Quan , Al-Anbuky Adnan
Published: April 2016

Smart Grid is believed to be the next generation of electrical power system. It integrate the existing electrical power infrastructure with Information Communication Technology (ICT) to achieve two way communication and become smart. A high level of network availability is therefore required to guarantee two-way flows of electricity and information among smart electrical units. The wireless mesh network infrastructure can provide redundant routes for the Smart Grid communications so as to ensure the network availability. However, the wireless connection is vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy-Based Energy Aware Trusted Geo-Routing (FEATGR), which can decide the optimal end-to-end path between any source and destination by effectively leveraging the energy consumption, location and trust metrics. The extensive simulation studies have confirmed that FEATGR is capable to achieve the stable and secured routing performance so as to guarantee the high level of network availability for wireless Smart Grid communications.
Data Mining for Multicriteria Single Facility Location Problems
Authors: Tolun Seda , Tayalı Halit Alper
Published: April 2016

This chapter focuses on available data analysis and data mining techniques to find the optimal location of the Multicriteria Single Facility Location Problem (MSFLP) at diverse business settings. Solving for the optimal of an MSFLP, there exists numerous multicriteria decision analysis techniques. Mainstream models are mentioned in this chapter, while presenting a general classification of the MSFLP and its framework. Besides, topics from machine learning with respect to decision analysis are covered: Unsupervised Principal Components Analysis ranking (PCA-rank) and supervised Support Vector Machines ranking (SVM-rank). This chapter proposes a data mining perspective for the multicriteria single facility location problem and proposes a new approach to the facility location problem with the combination of the PCA-rank and ranking SVMs.
Review of Business Intelligence and Intelligent Systems in Healthcare Domain
Authors: Cebeci Halil Ibrahim , Hiziroglu Abdulkadir
Published: April 2016

Business intelligence and corresponding intelligent components and tools have been one of those instruments that receive significant attention from health community. In order to raise more awareness on the potentials of business intelligence and intelligent systems, this paper aims to provide an overview of business intelligence in healthcare context by specifically focusing on the applications of intelligent systems. This study reviewed the current applications into three main categories and presented some important findings of that research in a systematic manner. The literature is wide with respect to the applications of business intelligence covering the issues from health management and policy related topics to more operational and tactical ones such as disease treatment, diagnostics, and hospital management. The discussions made in this article can also facilitate the researchers in that area to generate a research agenda for future work in applied health science, particularly within the context of health management and policy and health analytics.
Use of Chaotic Randomness Numbers
Authors: Ozpinar Alper , Kucukasci Emel Seyma
Published: April 2016

The timeless search for optimizing the demand and supply of any resource is one of the main issues for humanity nearly from the beginning of time. The relevant cost of adding an extra resource reacts by means of more energy requirement, more emissions, interaction with policies and market status makes is even more complicated. Optimization of demand and supply is the key to successfully solve the problem. There are various optimization algorithms in the literature and most of them uses various algorithms of iteration and some degree of randomness to find the optimum solution. Most of the metaheuristic and artificial intelligence algorithms require the randomness where to make a new decision to go forward. So this chapter is about the possible use of chaotic random numbers in the metaheuristic and artificial intelligence algorithms that requires random numbers. The authors only provide the necessary information about the algorithms instead of providing full detailed explanation of the subjects assuming the readers already have theoretical basic information.
An Integrated Grey Relations Analysis and VIKOR Method for Multi Criteria Decision Making under Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Selvi Ihsan Hakan , Torkul Orhan , Cedimoglu Ismail Hakki
Published: April 2016

Today, suppliers of companies are no longer local. Companies have to offer their products to the market just in time and as fast as possible in order to compete. This situation is possible by establishing an effective supply chain for the goods and services they need in the manufacturing system. Finding the right suppliers who are able to provide the companies with the high quality products and services at the reasonable price, at just on time and in the right quantities is an important issue concerned in the process of supply chains concept. There are certain techniques developed in this respect. Some of such methods are approaches developed for situations unmindful of fuzziness and vagueness. Nonetheless, the process of supplier selection contains both vagueness and fuzziness. This study improves the Grey Relational Analysis and VIKOR methods, to fuzzy and ambiguous environments. Then, these approaches are applied to a supplier selection problem, which is previously solved through fuzzy logic and AHP method in literature, and the comparative results of both techniques are given.
Churn Prediction in Internet Service Provider Companies
Authors: Ülkü İlayda , Durak Mehmet Yahya , Üney-Yüksektepe Fadime
Published: April 2016

As a basic standard of life, internet connects millions of computers in a global network. People use, participate, or access the internet with the help of internet service providers (ISPs). To have better quality of connection, customers are prone to change their ISPs. In the competitive environment, ISPs endeavor to prevent losing their customers which are referred as churn. Thus, churn management takes an important place for ISPs. To investigate customer loyalty status, behavior, and information of the churn possibility in Turkey, a questionnaire is implemented. By using a real data obtained from a survey, promising and applicable results are obtained to predict the churn behavior of ISP customers in Turkey. As an extension of the study, the questionnaire will be applied for a larger population to find accurate results about churn situations. This study will help ISP companies to determine the required advertising campaigns for the customers.
Decrease in Middle Ear Resonance Frequency during Pregnancy
Authors: Dag Emine Kutlu , Gulumser Cagri , Erbek Seyra
Published: April 2016

Many physiological changes occur during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to reveal whether there is a change in middle ear resonance frequency during pregnancy. A prospective case-control study was designed at a tertiary referral center. The study included 46 pregnant women at the third trimester (27-40 weeks) and 43 nonpregnant voluntary women. All the study subjects underwent pure-tone audiometry and multifrequency tympanometry. Pure-tone hearing levels at frequencies of 250 to 8000 Hz and resonance frequency values were compared between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Impact of age, side of the tested ear, and weight gained in pregnancy on resonance frequency were evaluated. Air conduction threshold values at frequencies of 250 Hz and 500 Hz were significantly higher in pregnant women than in the control group (P<0.001). Middle ear resonance frequency values of both ears in pregnant women were found to be significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant relation of middle ear resonance frequency values to age or side of the tested ear in both groups (P>0.05). A negative correlation between weight gained in pregnancy and middle ear resonance frequency values was determined for the left ear (correlation coefficient for left ears: –0.348, P=0.018). The results of this study suggest that resonance frequency may be decreased during the pregnancy. More comprehensive studies in which many pregnant women followed regularly before and after pregnancy are needed to have more certain links.
Measuring frailty in population-based healthcare databases: multi-dimensional prognostic indices for the improvement of geriatric care
Authors: Sultana Janet , Basile Giorgio , Trifiro' Gianluca
Published: April 2016

The prognostic evaluation of geriatric patients is critical in helping clinicians to weigh the risks versus the benefits of available therapeutic options. Frailty contributes significantly to the risk of mortality in older patients and is already known to have implications on the outcome of treatment in a clinical context. The multi-dimensional prognostic index (MPI) is a prognostic tool based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment and includes detailed information on patient cognition, functionality, disease and drug burden. The value of the MPI in predicting mortality has already been shown in hospital and community settings but never in a population- based healthcare database setting. One of the aims of the ongoing EU-funded MPI_Age project is to improve our understanding of how geriatric frailty data can be identified in healthcare databases and whether this can be used to predict serious adverse events associated with pharmacotherapy. Our findings suggest that data on functionality in elderly patients is poorly registered in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a UK nationwide general practice database, and only few of the functionality domains could be used in a population-based analysis. The most commonly registered functionality information was related to mobility, dressing, accommodation and cognition. Our results suggest that some of these functionality domains are predictive of short- and long-term mortality in community-dwelling patients. This may have implications in observational research where frailty is an unmeasured confounder.
The effect of erythropoietin on calcium levels during hypoxia reoxygenation injury in rats
Authors: Tsompos Constantinos , Panoulis Constantinos , Toutouzas Konstantinos , Triantafyllou Aggeliki , Zografos George , Papalois Apostolos
Published: April 2016

This experimental study examined the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) on rat model and particularly in a hypoxia-reoxygenation protocol. The effect of that molecule was studied biochemically using blood mean calcium levels (Ca++). Forty rats of mean weight 247.7 g were used in the study. Ca++ levels were measured at 60 min (groups A and C) and at 120 min (groups B and D) of reoxygenation. Erythropoietin was administered only in groups C and D. Epo administration non-significantly decreased the Ca++ levels by 0.56%±1.13% (P=0.5761). Reoxygenation time non-significantly increased the Ca++ levels by 0.65%±1.12% (P=0.5281). However, Epo administration and reoxygenation time together non-significantly decreased the Ca++ levels by 0.34%±0.68% (P=0.6095). Epo administration whether it interacted or not with reoxygenation time had non-significant decreasing short-term effects on calcium levels. Perhaps, a longer study time than 2 h or a higher Epo dose may reveal more significant effects.
Incompressibility of Products of Pseudo-homogeneous Varieties
Authors: Karpenko Nikita A.
Published: April 2016

We show that the conjectural criterion ofp-incompressibility for products of projective homogeneous varieties in terms of the factors, previously known in a few special cases only, holds in general. Actually, the proof goes through for a wider class of varieties, including the norm varieties associated with symbols in Galois cohomology of arbitrary degree.
Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Childbirth Education Program on Preparedness toward Labor for Primigravidae
Authors: Kaur Simer Preet , Bharadwaj Geeta
Published: April 2016

Objectives

To assess the knowledge of the primigravida before the structured childbirth education program, to assess the knowledge of the primigravida after the structured childbirth education program, to evaluate the effectiveness of structured childbirth education program in terms of gain in knowledge scores and to associate the knowledge scores with selected demographic variables.

Methods

The quasi-experimental research approach was used for this study with pretest post-test design. The sample size was 60 primigravidae. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of samples. Data collection was accomplished by using structured questionnaire with two sections. First, section dealt with baseline data of primigravidae and second, section dealt with knowledge of primigravidae related to labor process. Structured childbirth education program was prepared on childbirth process including all major topics related to labor and its preparation.

Results

Data were analyzed based on objectives and hypothesis. Data analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the analysis, interpretations were made. During comparison of pretest and the post-test knowledge scores of the samples researcher found, in pretest, majority of the samples 40 (66.66%) got poor knowledge score, whereas in post-test only two samples got poor knowledge score. In pretest 19 (31.66%) got average score, but in post-test majority, i.e. 36 (60%) got average score. In pretest, only single sample got good knowledge score but in post-test 22 (36.66%) samples got good knowledge score and the mean of pretest is very less, i.e. 7.05 with standard deviation (SD) 3.561016 as compared to post-test, where mean is 15.2 with SD 3.590729 ‘t’ calculated value, i.e. 5.096322 is greater than ‘t’ table value, i.e. 2.238152. This difference was statistically significant at p < 0.01 level with t-value of 5.096322.

Conclusion

Based on analysis, following inference was made. There was significant increase in knowledge after structured childbirth education program. Structured childbirth education program is found to be effective to increase primigravidae's knowledge related to labor process. The researcher found that there is no association of knowledge score with any of the selected demographic variable.

How to cite this article

Bharadwaj G, Kaur SP. Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Childbirth Education Program on Preparedness toward Labor for Primigravidae. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):106-108.
Effectiveness of a Video-assisted Demonstration Program on Knowledge and Practice regarding Maintenance of Asepsis in Labor Room among Final Year Auxiliary Nursing Midwifery Students
Authors: Pinnapati Suvarna S , Raddi Sudha
Published: April 2016

Pregnancy and childbirth are the important events of a women's life. The place of delivery plays an important role in child survival and safe motherhood. The child born in unhygienic condition is more to get infection. A properly assisted delivery with skilled personnel and following aseptic precaution is highly advantageous to both mother and fetus during delivery. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and practices regarding maintenance of asepsis in labor room among ANM students as measured by structured questionnaire and observation checklist, to evaluate effectiveness of a video-assisted demonstration on knowledge and practice regarding maintenance of asepsis in labor room among auxiliary nursing midwifery (ANM) students, to find out an association between pretest knowledge and practice scores with selected demographic variables.

The study was conducted using randomized control trial. Demographic variables analyzed for the study were age, religion, monthly family income and residence. The study was conducted on sample of 60 selected final year ANM students of KLEU's Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belgaum, and BIMS ANM Training Centre, Belgaum, using simple random sampling technique. Data collection were through structured knowledge questionnaire and observation checklist. Data obtained were tabulated and analyzed in terms of objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings showed that there is increase in post-test knowledge and practice regarding maintenance of asepsis in labor room after administration of video demonstration program compare to pretest.

How to cite this article

Pinnapati SS, Raddi S. Effectiveness of a Video-assisted Demonstration Program on Knowledge and Practice regarding Maintenance of Asepsis in Labor Room among Final Year Auxiliary Nursing Midwifery Students. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):109-112.
Exaggerated Placental Site: A Cause of Postpartum Collapse?
Authors: Malik Roopa , Dahiya Krishna , Jain Shweta , Singh Sunita , Kadian Nirmala Duhan , Rajotia Nidhi
Published: April 2016

Exaggerated placental site (EPS) is most often diagnosed retrospectively on histological examination of curettage specimens after first trimester miscarriage but may occasionally produce postpartum hemorrhage. We report the first case of EPS presenting as postpartum collapse consequent upon a small perforation in the placental bed and review the literature for this rare lesion.

How to cite this article

Kadian ND, Singh S, Rajotia N, Dahiya K, Jain S, Malik R. Exaggerated Placental Site: A Cause of Postpartum Collapse? J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):148-151.
Sepgard vs Sumol: A Medical Hazard
Authors: Singh Richa , Mohan Atiharsh , Dwivedi Yogita , Mishra Anamika
Published: April 2016

How to cite this article

Singh S, Singh R, Mohan A, Gupta A, Dwivedi Y, Mishra A. Sepgard vs Sumol: A Medical Hazard. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):157.
Maternal and Placental Risk Factors associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction and the Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Thekkedathu Valsa CA
Published: April 2016

Objectives

Identifying the factors responsible for the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is very important, so that early interventions could be suggested to improve the perinatal outcome. The major objectives of this study are to analyze the impact of risk factors, specifically the maternal and placental risk factors, on IUGR and the perinatal outcomes.

Materials and methods

A prospective study was done on 60 women with IUGR pregnancies from January 2013 to January 2014, at Pushpagiri Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla. Inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancies, above the gestational age of 28 weeks, clinically diagnosed IUGR and confirmed subsequently on ultrasound. The statistical analysis was performed utilizing Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the significance level of p-value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

Results

Statistical analysis shows that maternal risk factors like chronic hypertension, pre-eclampsia, low socioeconomic status of mother, overt diabetes, anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, low prepregnancy body mass index and hypothyroidism were significantly associated with IUGR. In this study, placental factors like chorangiomatosis, increased syncytial knotting, villous infarction, increased perivillous fibrinoid deposition, accelerated villous maturation, retroplacental hemorrhage and acute chorioamnionitis were significantly associated with IUGR.

Conclusion

Alertness toward antenatal risk factors for poor pregnancy outcome is important for the optimal management of IUGR pregnancies. Despite antenatal recognition of IUGR and associated risk factors, not all perinatal deaths can be prevented.

How to cite this article

Thekkedathu VCA. Maternal and Placental Risk Factors associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction and the Perinatal Outcomes. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):176-181.
The Effect of Selected Antenatal Exercises in Reduction of Labor Pain among Primigravid Women: Implication for Practice
Authors: Prince Emi John , Seshan Vidya
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Labor is a physiological event, but it is a painful event. The agony and stress a woman suffers are beyond description. Primigravid women must be prepared during the antenatal period itself for safe and natural childbirth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of antenatal exercise in pain management during labor.

Materials and methods

A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 600 primigravid women. Education on antenatal exercises provided with the help of three-dimensional (3D) animation and the practice was monitored. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the perception of the pain of these primigravid women during labor.

Results

The primigravid women performed exercise for a minimum of 15 to a maximum of 34 days. In the experimental group, 74% of the primigravid women had moderate pain, and only 26% of them had severe pain. Whereas in the control group, 95.7% of the primigravid women had severe pain and only 4.4% of women had mild to moderate pain. Experimental group women had better pain bearing capacity due to exercise as compared to control group.

Conclusion

Nurses and childbirth educators must be willing to provide sensitive, continuous care that is a collaborative effort with the woman to assist her in coping with pain and mastering the experience of childbirth. Greater attention needs to be paid to promote and implement the antenatal exercise program from the onset of pregnancy in the absence of any medical and obstetrical complications. Healthcare providers should appreciate and strongly recommend the exercise program as nonpharmacological pain relief measure during labor.

How to cite this article

Prince EJ, Seshan V. The Effect of Selected Antenatal Exercises in Reduction of Labor Pain among Primigravid Women: Implication for Practice. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):185-190.
Successful Management of Early Onset Rh-immunized Pregnancy
Authors: LNU Pushpalatha , Vasanthalakshmi G Naga , LNU Sirisha
Published: April 2016

Rh-isoimmunization still remains an important preventable cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The improved perinatal outcome in sensitized patients is mainly attributed to application of color Doppler ultrasonography as a noninvasive method of detecting and monitoring fetal anemia and fetal wellbeing, improvement in ultrasonography machines and fetal interventional techniques and better neonatal intensive care facilities. Here, we present a case G3P2L1D, Rh negative with previous lower segment cesarean section (LSCS), diagnosed to be indirect Coomb's test (ICT) positive (1:64) at 9 weeks.

She was followed up with serial ICT titers every 2 weeks along with ultrasonography (USG) and Doppler. Fetal anemia was detected with middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler at 27 weeks and same treated with intrauterine transfusions twice. She was diagnosed to have gestational diabetes mellitus and treated for the same. Patient then delivered at 36 weeks and 5 days by emergency LSCS in labor, a healthy girl baby, 3.07 Kg. Postnatally, baby developed jaundice and was treated with double light phototherapy. Baby also developed anemia subsequently 3 days after birth and was treated with one dose of intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin. Baby with mother were discharged on postoperative day 5 in good health.

How to cite this article

Vasanthalakshmi GN, Sirisha, Pushpalatha. Successful Management of Early Onset Rhimmunized Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):202-204.
Successful Medical Management of Interstitial Pregnancy
Authors: Dahiya Krishna , Kadian Veenu , Sangwan Shaveta
Published: April 2016

Interstitial pregnancies account for 2 to 4% of all tubal pregnancies and have seven times higher mortality rates than ectopic pregnancy in general. It poses a significant risk of bleeding and rupture. The conventional treatment of Interstitial pregnancy involves resection of the cornual tissue. Conservative management with methotrexate systemically and locally has been reported with varying doses. We present a case of interstitial pregnancy diagnosed at 11 weeks of gestation and with high human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels managed successfully with systemic methotrexate.

How to cite this article

Dahiya K, Kadian V, Sangwan S. Successful Medical Management of Interstitial Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2015;7(3):240-242.
Prevalence of Male Genital Tuberculosis in Indian Infertile Couples and Its Correlation with Female Genital Tuberculosis
Authors: Kaushal Manila , Kadi Pooja , Baxi Asha , Neema Hansali , Baxi Dawal
Published: April 2016

Objectives

To study the prevalence of male and female genital tuberculosis in Indian infertile couples as detected by semen polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and endometrial PCR and to study the correlation of semen TB PCR with endometrial TB PCR of sexual partner.

Design

Noncomparative retrospective observational series.

Patients

A total of 100 couples presenting with infertility at clinic were enrolled after obtaining informed consent.

Interventions

All couples were tested for mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by nested PCR on the semen and the endometrial sample. The results of PCR of sexual partners were mutually correlated.

Results

Out of 108 couples, 56 males and 52 females had positive PCR in the sample of semen and the endometrium. Also, 30 couples simultaneously had both semen PCR and endometrial PCR positive.

Conclusion

Addition of PCR tests to the routine clinical and laboratory assessments may add to the detection of subclinical urogenital infection and the timely evaluation of the asymptomatic partner of the infected person can improve the early detection of a silent but potentially devastating infection.

How to cite this article

Baxi A, Neema H, Kadi P, Baxi D, Kaushal M. Prevalence of Male Genital Tuberculosis in Indian Infertile Couples and Its Correlation with Female Genital Tuberculosis. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):13-15.
Revisiting Cerebral Palsy: Pathogenesis and Management
Authors: Aznal Sharifah Sulaiha , Nalliah Sivalingam , Chng Tong Wooi
Published: April 2016

Brain damage in utero and its consequences in neonates especially cerebral palsy (CP), are socially disturbing and psychologically distressing to both patients and carers. The prevalence of CP has not declined considerably despite several preventive measures in obstetric and neonatal care. Current views on the pathogenesis and causal pathways of CP relate to hypoxic-related ischemic events. A series of cascading events trigger the inflammatory processes resulting in gliosis of the white matter when labor and the delivery processes are reviewed. Though animal studies seem to support these concepts several other causes like perinatal infection and prematurity are also strong contributors to its pathogenesis. Multiple gestation and genetic factors may play a role in the etiology.

Current management strategies focus on preventive measures during antenatal and intrapartum care. The use of antenatal steroids, magnesium sulfate infusion for cerebral protection and the extensive use of electronic fetal monitoring during labor have been elaborated as deliberate attempts to minimize the impact of any of the possible contributing cause. As CP is still prevalent in pediatric practice and in our community discussing means to improve prognosis of affected children are relevant.

How to cite this article

Aznal SS, Nalliah S, Chng TW. Revisiting Cerebral Palsy: Pathogenesis and Management. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):57-65.
Laparoscopic Myomectomy of a 34 Weeks Size Myoma: ‘Exhausting but Satisfying’
Authors: Pathak Charu
Published: April 2016

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors affecting reproductive age women. The symptomatic spectrum varies from large asymptomatic fibroids to smaller ones causing all sorts of menstrual problems. With the advent of minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic myomectomy is the preferred approach to many of these myomas depending on the size, site and number as recommended by the standard bodies.

Aims and objectives

To describe one of the largest myoma operated laparoscopically using conventional technique.

Background

The size and type of myoma represent the best predictors of surgical difficulties and possible intraoperative complications. Intramural myomas > 8 cm and subserosal myomas > 12 cm are considered challenging to operate laparoscopically. Till date, to the best of our knowledge the largest myoma operated laparoscopically is around 30 cm.

Case Report

Authors report a case of 29 years old unmarried girl who presented with abdominal distention and on examination had a abdominopelvic mass of 34 weeks gravid uterus size. Ultrasound revealed a very large intramural fibroid arising from the left wall close to the fundus with a large submucosal component. An uneventful laparoscopic myomectomy was done.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic myomectomy is surely a safe and attractive alternative to treat large myomas with less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and equivalent pregnancy outcomes. The authors believe that with required skills, experience, and improved technologies for tissue retrieval, the size may not be a limiting factor for laparoscopic myomectomies.

How to cite this article

Yadav G, Manchanda R, Pathak C. Laparoscopic Myomectomy of a 34 Weeks Size Myoma: ‘Exhausting but Satisfying’. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(1):69-70.
Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Turbulence Using GPS Radio Occultation
Authors: Shume Esayas , Ao Chi
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Radio occultation (RO) measurements are sensitive to the small-scale irregularities in the atmosphere. In this study, we present a new technique to estimate tropospheric turbulence strength (namely, scintillation index) by analyzing RO amplitude fluctuations in impact parameter domain. GPS RO observations from the COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) satellites enabled us to calculate global maps of scintillation measures, revealing the seasonal, latitudinal, and longitudinal characteristics of the turbulent troposphere. Such information are both difficult and expensive to obtain especially over the oceans. To verify our approach, simulation experiments using the multiple phase screen (MPS) method were conducted. The results show that scintillation indices inferred from the MPS simulations are in good agreement with scintillation measures estimated from COSMIC observations.
Improvement of Solar and Wind forecasting in southern Italy through a multi-model approach: preliminary results
Authors: Avolio Elenio , Torcasio Rosa Claudia , Lo Feudo Teresa , Calidonna Claudia Roberta , Contini Daniele , Federico Stefano
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The improvement of the Solar and Wind short-term forecasting represents a critical goal for the weather prediction community and is of great importance for a better estimation of power production from solar and wind farms. In this work we analyze the performance of two deterministic models operational at ISAC-CNR for the prediction of short-wave irradiance and wind speed, at two experimental sites in southern Italy. A post-processing technique, i.e the multi-model, is adopted to improve the performance of the two mesoscale models. The results show that the multi-model approach produces a significant error reduction with respect to the forecast of each model. The error is reduced up to 20  % of the model errors, depending on the parameter and forecasting time.
Instrumentos alternativos de financiación para las cooperativas españolas
Authors: Sanchez Pachón Luis Ángel
Published: April 2016

La búsqueda de financiación constituye un quehacer permanente de la empresa, que se agudiza, particularmente, en los momentos de crisis económica y afecta, también, a las cooperativas. La legislación cooperativa pone a disposición de estas entidades diversos instrumentos de financiación externa a través de la emisión de valores (obligaciones; títulos participativos; participaciones especiales), a ellos se añaden las cuentas en participación, aunque sin mucho detalle en los textos legales. En el trabajo indagamos sus posibilidades, fijándonos, especialmente, en esas últimas; buscamos clarificar su régimen jurídico y contrastar sus potencialidades como un instrumento técnico, alternativo, para la financiación en el ámbito de las sociedades cooperativas. En fin, vemos también la incidencia de la reciente Ley 5/2015, de fomento de la financiación empresarial, en el sector del cooperativo y terminamos proponiendo algunas adaptaciones normativas.
Documenting Refugee Stories: Resettlement and Integration Challenges of East African Refugees
Authors: Bokore Nimo
Published: April 2016

Recently we have witnessed forced displacement and migration on a globalized scale and the human suffering that this creates. Since early 2014, events have escalated in Syria and other Middle Eastern countries as religious-based interest groups such as ISIS push to make territorial gains. One cannot escape media reports documenting the devastating impact this has as refugees try to reach safety, whether by crossing the Mediterranean Sea or European borders.

In this article, I present my personal experience of refugee life as a survivor of war and multiple forced migrations and as a professional service provider to immigrants and refugees who make Canada their new home. In many ways, my story is the story of other refugees who also encounter issues of race, religion and geopolitical locations as they migrate and resettle in a new country.
Are Canadian hospitals leading by example to promote smoke-free hospital properties? Rationale, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Luck Kerrie Ellen
Published: April 2016

Knowing the devastation of tobacco use and the evidence to support proven tobacco reduction approaches, such as smoke-free hospital property policies, are Canadian hospitals doing all they can to lead by example? This paper explores the background and diverse views on smoke-free hospital properties to illuminate the rationale, challenges and opportunities of this important healthcare initiative. Currently, some hospitals in Canada have transitioned to smoke-free properties; however, many still allow smoking in designated areas or do not have any policies in place. Fear, speculation and reservations around compliance, leadership, negative perceptions, safety and patient care are some of the reasons that appear to be stalling progress in many healthcare facilities; nevertheless, the evidence supporting the implementation of comprehensive smoke-free hospital property policies far outweighs the concerns. Key considerations for successful policy implementation include: leadership and enforcement; systematic tobacco dependence treatment; and elimination of designated smoking areas (DSA’s) and policy exclusions. Hospitals are ideal institutions to continue the downward trend in tobacco use prevalence. Through smoke-free property policies, Canadian hospitals can make a significant impact and lead by example in their communities by creating opportunities to promote healthy choices, protecting individuals from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), supporting those who are trying to quit or who have quit smoking and by sending a clear message that smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke is harmful. As witnessed though the learnings of leading hospitals, transitioning to a smoke-free hospital property is achievable.
Searching for Disappeared Ming Dynasty Costume in South Korea Reflection on the Creative Application of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Authors: Yuqiu Jiang
Published: April 2016

Based on the research on the diplomatic history of costume between China and South Korea in Ming Dynasty, this paper firstly summarizes the protective policies offered by central and local governments of Korea for projects of intangible cultural heritage in category of traditional dyeing and weaving. Then taking Hansan ramie as example, this thesis sums up different methods of activation and innovative design again for intangible culture of traditional dyeing and weaving in Korea. Finally, thesis concludes the tangible value of intangible heritage in Korea and example value for China, give a suggestion to hope that this feasible method can be used in China.
The Savings and Credit Cooperative of Royal Police Cadet Academy Limited: New Guidelines for Good Governance Reform in the Royal Thai Police
Authors: Chalayonnavin Auschala
Published: April 2016

The fluctuations in the Thai economy since 1997 have had a big impact on the standard cost of living of the police officers. Many struggle to earn enough income to cover the expenses. Debt problems have put officers under a lot of stress affecting their standards of performance and encouraging corruption. The Savings and Credit Cooperative of Royal Police Cadet Academy Limited (RPCA Coop Ltd) has played a crucial role in improving a quality of life of the members by alleviating their financial problems. An evaluation of RPCA Coop Ltd operation revealed that it has achieved an objective to alleviate the members’ debt problems. RPCA Coop Ltd has helped the members to decrease their physiological needs and their standard cost of living and to become economically sufficient. When their physiological needs are met, they will desire to be well respected and to have job security through high performance efficiency in the police force.
Common Sports Injuries among Physical Activities Practitioners at the Physical Fitness Centers in Jordan (Comparative Study)
Authors: Mujalli Majed F. , Zakarneh Maen Z. , Aloyoun Ala’a Kh. Abu
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study was to investigate the common sports injuries among physical activities practitioners at the physical fitness centers in Jordan. Study sample consisted of (272) volunteered male (n=221) and female (n=51) (age 30±3). Researchers used a special form used to evaluate athletic injuries. After collecting and analyzing the data. Results showed that the most common sports injuries among sample of the study was muscular tears 27.7%, muscle spasm 20.7%, and tears ligament 20.2%. And the most exposed parts of the body to injury is the lumbar area 26.8%, elbows 16.9%, followed by shoulders 8.9%. Also the study results revealed that the most cusses of injuries was over training 24.14%. Poor warm-up 22.1% and bad technic 11.3%. Bodies-building was the most type of activities subjects to injury with 18.8%. Physical Fitness 6.6% and weight loss 27.7. Results also showed that physical therapy was the most means of treating injuries 54.14%, drugs therapy 33.3% and surgical intervention 4.2%. Also the study shows that males are more exposed to injuries than females.

Conclusions: These finding indicate that sports injures is part of physical

Activities participations, preventive measures should be taken by participant's the researchers recommended the need for physical and medical checkup before participation in physical activity at the physical fitness centers.
A Validated Enantioselective HPLC Method for Determination of Ibuprofen Enantiomers in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: El-Fatatry Hamed M , Mabrouk Mokhtar M , Hammad Sherin F , El-Malla Samah F
Published: April 2016

A new chiral reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method with UV detection was developed. Enantioselective resolution of ibuprofen (IBP) was achieved using (3R,4S)-4-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido)-3-(3-(trioxysilyl)-propyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-phenanthrene [(R,R)-Whelk-O2] chiral stationary phase (4.6 mm id × 250 mm, 10 μm) with a mobile phase composed of ethanol–water (30 + 70, v/v) containing 100 mM ammonium acetate at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min using diode array detector at λ 220 nm. Calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 20–180 μg/mL for both IBP enantiomers. Mean % recoveries ±SD of 99.74 ± 1.73 and 99.60 ± 0.93 were obtained for dexibuprofen (dex-IBP) and levoibuprofen (levo-IBP), respectively. Intra- and interday precision calculated as RSD, % were not more than 1.66% for dex-IBP and 1.93% for levo-IBP. The detection limits were 2.09 and 2.06 μg/mL for dex-IBP and levo-IBP, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of dex-IBP in tablet dosage form.
A Novel Liquid–Liquid Extraction for the Determination of Nicotine in Tap Water, Wastewater, and Saliva at Trace Levels by GC-MS
Authors: Dobrowska Joanna Sonia , Erarpat Sezin , Chormey Dotse Selali , Pyrzyńska Krystyna , Bakirdere Sezgin
Published: April 2016

Determination of nicotine at trace levels in different matrixes is crucial because of nicotine's strongly addictive property. In this study, a simple and fast analytical method was developed using liquid–liquid extraction with GC-MS. Chloroform was used as an extraction solvent. Different parameters for extraction, such as pH of the solution, types and volumes of extraction and supporter solvents for dispersion, extraction period, and salt type and its amount, were optimized. To improve the precision, naphthalene was used as an internal standard. The calibration plot of nicotine was linear from 0.010 to 2.0 mg/L with a correlation coefficient 0.9996. The LOD and LOQ for nicotine after extraction were 2.6 and 8.8 ng/mL, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, tap water, wastewater, and saliva samples were analyzed for their nicotine content. The spiking experiments yielded satisfactory recoveries of 97.6 ± 3.5, 96.8 ± 1.1, and 85.1 ± 1.3% for tap water, wastewater, and saliva samples, respectively.