bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pinos autóctonos y conservación de bosques en Andalucía
Authors: Mesa Garrido Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2016

La evolución del arbolado en la Península Ibérica pasó por numerosos episodios que le condujeron a una situación grave de deforestación. Tras varios intentos de reforestación en épocas distintas, finalmente la apuesta definitiva se produciría con la creación del Patrimonio Forestal del Estado y el Plan Nacional de Repoblación Forestal de España de 1939. La sustitución del PFE por el ICONA en 1971, supuso un nuevo contexto, en el que se puso en duda tanto la actuación repobladora, como las especies utilizadas, principalmente del género Pinus. Este trabajo trata de poner en valor la información que aportan distintas corrientes científicas, la botánica, la biogeografía, paleobotánica y los datos de otros estudios realizados en numerosos yacimientos arqueológicos en Andalucía, especialmente en la zona oriental. Estos trabajos ponen de manifiesto la presencia de especies del género Pinus en distintos periodos geológicos, con avances y retrocesos del binomio Pinus-Quercus, durante períodos más o menos extensos. La repoblación forestal supuso un avance a una de esas situaciones, que dió como resultado el marco de nuevas intervenciones de manejo del bosque por la Administración Andaluza, siendo las exigencias de conservación prioritarias en la gestión de los espacios forestales, muchos de ellos declarados Espacios Protegidos. Se trata pues, de poner en valor aquellas actuaciones que dieron lugar a la nueva situación en la que se apuesta por la conservación y en la que juegan un papel importante la genética y la productividad de las especies utilizadas en las intervenciones forestales.
Pervivencia o “supervivencia” de la tradición en el Guadarrama segoviano. Procesos y prácticas
Authors: Martínez Fernández Luis Carlos , Molina de la Torre Ignacio , Delgado Urrecho José María
Published: June 2016

El aprovechamiento ganadero es el factor dominante de la organización del espacio en el Guadarrama segoviano. Si bien, desde el decenio de 1950, la actividad pecuaria empieza a entrar en un declive prolongado, reduciéndose el número de explotaciones y la cuantía de cabezas de ganado. Un abandono de las prácticas pastoriles que se evidencia, igualmente, en la inexorable tendencia hacia la simplificación en el manejo de los animales y la utilización selectiva del suelo. Sucede, de este modo, la crisis del sistema tradicional y del modelo territorial en el que este se apoyaba, progresivamente sustituido por una organización geográfica de corte tradicional-degradado. Es, en definitiva, lo que se ha convenido en titular como la “supervivencia” de la tradición. Y cuyo correlato se encuentra en el prolongado proceso de despoblación acontecido desde entonces, como las sensibles mermas de población registradas, las perceptibles modificaciones habidas en el tamaño y número de asentamientos o el excesivo grado de envejecimiento terminan por demostrar. Una “supervivencia” completamente supeditada, de este modo, al agotamiento social.
La lucha por la tierra en la Huasteca Potosina (México): de peones a patrones
Authors: Jabardo Pereda Virginia
Published: June 2016

El presente trabajo consiste en un análisis acerca de las luchas por la tierra que se han venido produciendo en la región mexicana de la Huasteca Potosina, principalmente a raíz de la puesta en marcha del proyecto Pujal-Coy en 1973, cuando ocurre una transformación espacial que provoca toda una serie de conflictos por la apropiación del territorio a manos de nuevos pobladores frente a las instancias de gobierno encargadas del reparto agrario. Este proceso aparecerá marcado por la transformación del estatus socioeconómico de un importante colectivo en el momento en el que se convierten en propietarios de tierras.La metodología desarrollada es de carácter interdisciplinar al combinar el análisis geopolítico a escala local, el trabajo etnográfico en comunidades rurales y la revisión histórica. El resultado de la investigación ha sido la comprensión de la lógica espacial que define a esta región de México a partir de las contradicciones entre las prácticas espaciales hegemónicas y los contra-espacios que las poblaciones locales construyen como alternativa a las primeras.
Los desplazamientos humanos forzados recientes en el Cauca (Colombia): características e impactos sociales y espaciales
Authors: Luque Revuelto Ricardo Manuel
Published: June 2016

Este artículo revela la situación actual del desplazamiento forzado en el departamento de Cauca (Colombia). Parte de un análisis previo de la población y el territorio caucano. Seguidamente se esbozan las características de dichos desplazamientos, atendiendo a los actores, el destino y las causas que provocan estos movimientos de población. Las consecuencias son devastadoras, no solo en el ámbito sociodemográfico, sino que además inducen profundas secuelas territoriales en los espacios agrarios, urbanos o en los espacios naturales y protegidos. A modo de conclusión se exploran las posibles soluciones al conflicto y el papel de los actores implicados en el mismo.
Tomàs Peris Albentosa (2014). Els molins d’aigua valencians (segles XIII-XIX), València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 421 pp.
Authors: Pérez Medina Tomàs
Published: June 2016

Peris Albentosa es un historiador modernista prolífico, dedicado su interés historiográfico a la historia rural valenciana. Desde los estudios sobre la estructura social de la propiedad agraria ha llegado a indagar, con nuevas preguntas y planteamientos, las relaciones sociales en el regadío valenciano, tan activo durante el feudalismo. Ahora reseñamos una síntesis interpretativa de temática hidráulica, los molinos de agua valencianos a lo largo del periodo feudal. Es un balance de la amplia investigación molinar valenciana de las últimas tres décadas, donde contrasta diversas tesis y metodologías, junto a un minucioso aporte de datos e informaciones locales y comarcales (la bibliografía final así lo atestigua).
EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS DURING COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY THROUGH COMMUNITY PHYLOGENETICS
Authors: Hernawati Rena Tri , Wowor Daisy , Hubert Nicolas
Published: June 2016

Species diversify through speciation and accumulate in ecological community, a process known as community assembly. Relying on both evolutionary mechanisms acting at regional scale and ecological mechanisms acting at local scale, the process of community assembly results from intricate interactions among mechanisms at play across varying spatial and temporal scales. During the last decade, community assembly theory has been reconsidered in the light of evolutionary dynamics of species diversification and ecological dynamics have been formalized in an explicit spatial framework (i.e. metacommunity theory). The aims of the present review are: (1) to present the community assembly theory and the main paradigms that have been proposed, (2) to discuss how the metacommunity theory as defined an explicit spatial framework for community ecology, (3)to discuss the potential mechanisms at play during community assembly and their associated predictions, (4) to present new approaches to study community assembly based on phylogenetics approaches and discuss how they have been integrated in empirical studies.
Tecnologia e comunicação: o surgimento de um novo habitus e o impacto no valor da informação
Authors: Bertolini Jeferson
Published: June 2016

Este artigo aborda a relação humana com os novos equipamentos de comunicação. O texto indica que o homem sempre se valeu de aparelhos tecnológicos, apesar de a venda em massa de celulares inteligentes sugerir que esta relação é recente, típica da era digital. O manuscrito mostra que a guerra e o medo da guerra (MCLUHAN, 1964) sempre foram incentivos ao desenvolvimento tecnológico, destacando a computação e os computadores nesse contexto. Por fim, aponta que o modelo contemporâneo de comunicação social cria um novo tipo de habitus (BOURDIEU, 2005) e impacta no valor da informação.
Integralidade ao Paciente de Tuberculose do Município de Blumenau durante 2011
Authors: Da Ros Marco Aurélio , Haeffner Junges Lizandra , De Freitas Stringari Shirley
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho faz uma análise sobre a tuberculose em Blumenau durante o ano de 2011, cidade que continua a merecer especial atenção dos profissionais de saúde e de toda a sociedade. Apesar de já existirem recursos tecnológicos capazes de promover seu controle, ainda não há perspectiva de obter-se, em futuro próximo, sua eliminação como problema de saúde pública. Em 2008 a tuberculose foi a 4ª causa de morte por doenças infecciosas e a 1ª causa de morte dos pacientes com AIDS. Blumenau, desde 1999, realiza o Tratamento Diretamente Observado, em que o paciente recebe a medicação diariamente de um profissional treinado para observar a tomada da medicação. E deste então há nossos índices de curas acima de 85% e taxa de abandono abaixo de 1%, conforme metas do Ministério da Saúde.
Grazing intensity contributes to cyanogenic toxicity in savannah grasses in Baringo county
Authors: Koskei Alfayo , Maranga Elias , Obonyo Meshack
Published: June 2016

The potential role of anti-herbivory mechanisms used by plants and their synergistic responses to grazing and interactive effects on herbivores are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of grazing intensity on cyanogenic glycosides in Lake Bogoria, Baringo County Kenya. Field experiments were carried out in ten 50Ã—10m enclosures. Grazing intensity was varied using simulated grazing method where two grazing treatments used; heavy grazing and light grazing. Grasses were categorized into two age classes; young and old. Cyanigenic glycocides (CNglc) were tested using impregnated picrate paper and their concentration determined by hydrolysis and trapping in 1M NaOH. Our findings showed that five of 16 sampled species produce cyanogenic glycosides; Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon plectostachyus, Digitaria scalarum, Sporobolus spicatus and Cyperus laevigatus. There was an inverse relation between Cyanide concentration and age of the plants. Young cuttings yield more Hydrogen Cyanide than older cuttings of the same grasses.Grazing intensity had a significant effect on the concentration of cyanogenic content in some grass species; C.dactylon (P=0.024) and S. laevigatus (P=0.003). The findings imply that grazing regime of managed pastures should consider the age of forage while allowing utilization of pastures preferably grazed on mature pastures with low levels of cyanogenic glycosides.
Review and determining the influence of zeolite on concrete strength under high temperature conditions
Authors: Sharif Jadidi Mahdi , Mohammad Ranjbar Malek
Published: June 2016

in this paper, to verify the effect of zeolite on the strength of concrete and the effect of high temperatures on this type of concrete 5 composition, containing different percentages zeolite (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) with fixed water to cement ratio for perception of optimized percent of zeolite is made and influence of heat on compressive strength  and ultrasonic  speed waves  was checked . according to tests, it is concluded that the replacement of 10% cement with zeolite at ratio water to cement 0.45 at ages 7, 28 and 90 days, is the optimized replacement level to zeolite.
Performance enhancement of MPM DoA estimation technique using wavelet De-noising filter
Authors: Hussein Amr , Napoleon Sameh , Eldawy Haidy
Published: June 2016

Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation is now an imperative part in many radar applications and localization techniques. There are numerous algorithms that have been studied in the previous decades for DoA, for example: MUSIC, ESPRIT, and Matrix Pencil Method (MPM), which are subspace super resolution methods. MPM is one of the most commonly used subspace based techniques. It is generally utilized for DoA estimation because of its effortlessness and high resolution contrasted with other subspace techniques. But, it suffers from performance deterioration under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions. This paper, explores the possibility of utilizing the wavelet de-noising technique to intercept the degradation in the performance of MPM under different SNR values. Wavelet De-noising is intended to remove noise or distortion from signals while retaining the original quality of the signal. The simulation results indicate that the Daubechies wavelet (db12) at 5 levels of decomposition is the most suitable wavelet for de-noising the signals under test. Also, the results show that the proposed wavelet de-noising matrix pencil method (WDMPM) outperforms the traditional MPM.Performance Enhancement of MPM DoA Estimation Technique using Wavelet De-noising Filter
Anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of hibiscus rosa on acute and chronic inflammation
Authors: Verma Pankaj , Sharma Swati , Kumar Vikas , Chaudhary Hema
Published: June 2016

Background: The present study was carried out to explore the efficiency of Indian herbal source from Hibiscus rosa against a chronic inflammatory disease. Hibiscus rosa belongs to Malvaceae, acts by suppression of inflammation mediators.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract form Hibiscus rosa is prepared through soxhlet extraction and Diclofenac is used as the standard. Carrageenan and formaldehyde are administered to induce acute and chronic inflammation. Animals are divided into 6 groups with 6 animals each including Normal group, inflammatory control group, Diclofenac treated group and Hibiscus rosa treated group at different doses of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg.Results: Different concentrations of Hibiscus rosa treated groups i.e. 250 mg/kg (p<0.05), 500 mg/kg (p<0.05) and 1000 mg/kg (p<0.01) showed significant reduction in Paw edema as compared to controls. Significant reduction in Body weight was also observed in Hibiscus rosa treated groups. Hematological profiles of Hibiscus rosa treated group are satisfying and significant.Conclusion: Results showed significant anti-inflammatory effect of Hydroalcoholic extract of Hibiscus rosa and justifying its therapeutic role in inflammatory condition..
How Product Category Shapes Preferences toward Global and Local Brands: A Schema Theory Perspective
Authors: Davvetas Vasileios , Diamantopoulos Adamantios
Published: June 2016

In contrast to the abundance of research on brand- and consumer-related determinants of global/local brand preference, little is known about whether and how the product category affects consumer choices between local and global brands. Drawing from schema theory, the authors (1) argue that consumers rely on their product category schemata to form perceptions of global versus local brand superiority, (2) introduce a compact scale to measure these perceptions, and (3) identify the key antecedents and consequences of these perceptions. Two studies in developed and emerging markets empirically support the hypotheses across multiple product categories, for both real and fictitious brands. The results indicate that consumers perceive global brands as superior to local brands in product categories with strong functional character and extensive symbolic capacity. Moreover, brands congruent with category superiority perceptions are preferred because of their justifiability, while brands that deviate from these perceptions are avoided because of their proneness to normative criticism. The findings imply that global/local brand preference is largely formed at the product category level and advocate for the use of category-specific strategies in global/local brand management.
Acute Changes in Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure following the Transcatheter Closure of an Atrial Septal Defect in Adults
Authors: Kong Young Hwa , Song Jinyoung , Kim Kyung Hee , Huh June , Kang I-Seok
Published: June 2016

Background: Acute changes in left ventricular diastolic function shortly after ASD closure in elderly patients have not been well known. We aimed to investigate acute changes in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in elderly patients following transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect (ASD).
Methods: All 19 adults with ASDs who underwent transcatheter closure between June 2013 and December 2014 were enrolled. LVEDP was measured prior to device closure and compared with that immediately following device closure and 15 minutes after device closure.
Results: The median age of the patients was 48 years old. The baseline E/e’ and LVEDP values were 8.3 ± 2.8 and 13 ± 3 mmHg. The LVEDP value immediately following closure was 19 ± 4 mmHg, and 15 minutes after closure was 16 ± 4 mmHg. The median increase in the LVEDP value immediately following closure was 6 mmHg, which significantly differed from that prior to closure. The LVEDP 15 minutes after closure decreased but remained significantly higher than the value observed immediately after closure. No significant changes were observed with regard to E/e’ at either 1 day or 3 months following closure. The LVEDP value
15 minutes after device closure was significantly correlated with those observed before closure and immediately following closure; however, no significant correlations were observed with regard to patient age, Qp/Qs, E/e’ before closure, or E/e’ 3 months after device closure.
Conclusion: LVEDP in adults with ASDs significantly increases following device closure. LVEDP before closure predicts LVEDP following device closure.
Comparison of Isolated Primary CABG in Two Successive Decades in Patients Under 40 Years of Age
Authors: Trzeciak Przemyslaw , Zembala Marian , Desperak Piotr , Karolak Wojtek , Zembala Michal , Gasior Mariusz
Published: June 2016

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is rarely performed in very young patients. The purpose of our study is to compare the characteristics, treatments, in-hospital, and long-term outcomes of two groups of patients less than 40 years of age who had CABG in two successive decades: 1990-2000 and 2001-2011.
Methods: We identified 145 consecutive patients who underwent primary isolated CABG. Group 1 consisted of
78 patients operated between 1990-2000 and group 2 consisted of 67 patients operated between 2001-2011. Composite end point assessed at follow-up period involved death or recurrence of symptoms, which we defined as myocardial infarction, a need for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), reoperation, or congestive heart failure (CHF).  
Results: Smoking and hypercholesterolemia before CABG were noted as more frequent in group 1 than in group 2: 96.1% versus 83.6%, P = .011; 88.5% versus 61.2%,
P = .0001, respectively. Patients from group 2 more frequently received one graft (29.8% versus 11.5%, P = .0059), were operated with off-pump (41.8% versus 0%, P < .0001) or MIDCAB (28.4% versus 0%, P = .0008) techniques, and had complete arterial revascularization (58.2% versus 23.1%, P < .0001). Group 1 patients had a higher prevalence of composite end point (33.9% versus 17.9%, P = .035), with no significant difference in mortality (11.5% versus 10.4%, P = .83).
Conclusion: Patients operated between 1990-2000 had a higher prevalence of smoking and hypercholesterolemia and higher frequency of composite-end point during folow-up period without significant difference in mortality.
Early-Term Outcomes for Treatment of Saphenous Vein Insufficiency with N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate: A Novel, Non-Thermal, and Non-Tumescent Percutaneous Embolization Technique
Authors: Tok Mustafa , Tüydeş Oktay , Yüksel Ahmet , Şenol Sefa , Akarsu Serkan
Published: June 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to present early-term outcomes of VariClose® Vein Sealing System, which is a novel, non-thermal, and non-tumescent percutaneous embolization technique for treatment of saphenous vein insufficiency.
Methods: Between March 2014 and July 2015, 189 saphenous veins in 141 patients were treated with Variclose Vein Sealing System containing n-butyl cyanoacrylate. Pre-, intra-, post-procedural, and follow-up data of patients were collected and retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Mean age of patients was 42.5 ± 14.0 years, of which 53% were female. Technical success rate of intervention was 98.9%. Mean procedure time was 14.3 ± 7.5 minutes. Eighty-nine percent of patients (n = 126/141) were available at mean follow-up time of 6.7 months. Mean Venous Clinical Severity Score was significantly improved from 8.3 ± 2.2 at pre-procedure period to 3.3 ± 1.8 at follow-up. No complete recanalization was observed, but 2 patients were presented with partial recanalization during follow-up. The complete occlusion rate was 98.4%. No serious adverse event related to procedure was observed.
Conclusion: Variclose Vein Sealing System appears to be safe and effective in treatment of saphenous vein insufficiency. Further randomized studies with long-term outcomes are required for determining optimal treatment modality in patients with saphenous vein insufficiency.
Long-Term Outcome of Intra-Myocardial Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Combined with Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Patients with Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Rong , Zhang Lin , Wang Yao , Gong Zhiyun , Xiao Cangsong , Wu Yang , Ren Chonglei , Cheng Nan , Gao Changqing
Published: June 2016

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether intra-myocardial injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (aBMMNCs) into peri-scarred myocardium during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) improved the long-term outcome compared with CABG alone.
Methods: From April 2011 to December 2012, 33 patients with chronic ischemic heart failure were randomly assigned to undergo CABG (control group) or CABG combined with intra-myocardial injection of aBMMNCs (treatment group). The primary endpoints of the study were the changes of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) from baseline to six-month and two-year follow-up, respectively. The secondary endpoints were the changes of III and IV NYHA classification, 6-minute walk test, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) from baseline to follow-up, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACES) during the follow-up.
Results: No patient died and no severe surgical complication occurred perioperatively in either group. The mean number of transplanted aBMMNCs was 98.5 ± 48.3×106 per patient. The follow-up was completed at six months and 24 months postoperatively. No major transplant-related adverse events were detected during the study. The patients in the treatment group had more significant improvement in LVEF than in the control group at six-month follow-up (8.17% versus 4.71%, P = .020), but this benefit was not found at 24-month follow-up (7.44% versus 5.69%, P = .419). There was no significant difference in changes of LVEDV, LVESV, III and IV NYHA classification, 6-minute walk distance, BNP, and MACES between the two groups all through the study.
Conclusion: Intra-myocardial injection of aBMMNC transplantation on arrested heart during CABG is a safe procedure based on a longer period observation. The patients with chronic ischemic heart failure can benefit from aBMMNCs transplantation in the short-term (6 months) demonstrated by improved global LVEF compared with the control group; however, this additional benefit dimed with time as showed by 24-month clinical and echocardiographic follow-up results.
Pannus Formation Leads to Valve Malfunction in the Tricuspid Position 19 Years after Triple Valve Replacement
Authors: Alskaf Ebraham , McConkey Hannah , Laskar Nabila , Kardos Attila
Published: June 2016

The Medtronic ATS Open Pivot mechanical valve has been successfully used in heart valve surgery for more than two decades. We present the case of a patient who, 19 years following a tricuspid valve replacement with an ATS prosthesis as part of a triple valve operation following infective endocarditis, developed severe tricuspid regurgitation due to pannus formation.
Failing to Prepare is Preparing to Fail: The Known, The Known Unknown, and The Unknown Unknown
Authors: Tribble Curtis G
Published: June 2016

Cardiothoracic surgery residents often enter their training with fairly limited prior exposure to the field. Obviously, they need to master the essential knowledge and skills of the discipline during their training. In addition to following a didactic curriculum of one sort or another, much of the necessary knowledge and understanding will accrue from their experiences caring for and operating on the patients who will be under their auspices, not only during their formal training but also after they finish their training.  Some of these cases and situations, such as elective cases, allow for careful preparation, while some more urgent or emergent cases require generic, advance preparation in order to be ready to perform optimally in these cases when they arise. And then there will always be cases for which one will not be able to prepare in any meaningful way, and these types of cases will require creativity and innovation “on the fly.”  I will describe three cases, which are examples of each of these situations, with suggestions on how to handle each type of situation optimally. I will describe the preparation, such as it was for each, in some detail to help the reader understand how it felt to deal with each of these cases. The technical details of each of these cases resulted in a publication, which will be cited in the references, should the reader want to learn more about them.
Educational Use Of Digital Video In The Context Of Practical Work In Dentistry Prospective Evaluation Survey Of The Optimal Duration Of Educational Films By Second-Year Students Of Dentistry In Rabat
Authors: Regragui Anissa , Abdedine Ahmed , Merzouk Nadia , Benfdil Faïza
Published: June 2016

The transmission of knowledge is a critical step that requires dedication and logistic assets to achieve the desired objective.
Among these advantages is the online launch of educational films on the university's platform which aims at the improvement of understanding by students, and the information provided during practical work. For this, we have made three videos on the implementation of shaped clasps, while fixing the duration of the films successively at 8min50, 5min05 and 3min30. The videos were evaluated by the entire class through a questionnaire distributed to students who were present in the practical work training session. The biostatistical analysis revealed the preference to be for the 8min50 video with an initial viewing percentage of 59.3%. At a second and another viewing, preference was successively in favor of the 5min05 video (54.5%) and that of 3min 30 (43.4%). Furthermore, the students’ favorite videos were those with a time interval of 10 to 20 minutes (46.9%) for upcoming educational materials.
Relationship Between Disease Activity and Hearing Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients A Case Control Study
Authors: Rkain Ilham , Rkain Hanan , Bouaddi Ilham , Dakka Taoufik , Hajjaj-Hassouni Najia , Essakalli Leila
Published: June 2016

Objectives

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well known to affect many different organ systems. Previous work suggests that this includes the auditory system.

The objectives of this work are to evaluate the pattern of hearing impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and also to examine the possible associations between hearing impairment and related RA features especially disease activity.

Materials and methods

Thirty RA patients (mean age of 44.5 ± 9.9 years; female sex (90%)) and 17 healthy controls (mean age of 41.5±9.1 years; female sex (76.4%)) were included in our study. The 2 groups were matched for age and sex (p>0.05). Otoscopic examination was normal in all participants.

No subject of the 2 groups has had any abnormalities at otoscopic examination. Hearing impairment was evaluated by pure tone audiometry and tympanometry including the static compliance, middle ear pressure, stapedial reflex threshold test. In all patients the clinical features, laboratory data, X-rays, disease activity index-DAS 28 were performed.

Results

Hearing loss was more prevalent in RA patients compared to healthy controls (56.7 vs 11.8%; p=0.005). RA patients have conductive, sensorineural and mixed hearing loss in respectively 43.4, 3.3 and 10 % of cases. Association analysis between hearing characteristics and remission in RA patients shows that RA patients in remission have significantly lower mean hearing thresholds (12.8±5.2dB vs 18.8±6.9 dB ; p=0.04).

Conclusion

This study suggests that hearing loss risk is higher in RA patients and seems to be associated to disease duration. Hearing loss in RA was directly proportional to the disease activity index-DAS 28. Audiological evaluation must be performed periodically to identify possible audiological damage
Evidence Based Digoxin Therapeutic Monitoring - A Lower and Narrower Therapeutic Range
Authors: Benlmouden Amine , Billaud Eliane
Published: June 2016

Cardiac glycosides have been used for congestive heart failure and certain cardiac arrhythmias for more than 200 years. Despite the introduction of a variety of new classes of drugs for the management of heart failure, specifically angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, b-adrenergic antagonists (bblockers), and the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone, digoxin continues to have an important role in long-term outpatient management. However, a narrow margin exists between therapeutic and toxic doses of digoxin, resulting in a high incidence of digoxin toxicity in clinical practice.

A wide variety of placebo-controlled clinical trials have unequivocally shown that treatment with digoxin can improve symptoms, quality of life, and exercise tolerance in patients with mild, moderate, or severe heart failure. The clinical relevance of digoxin therapeutic monitoring is also proved but the SDC (Serum Digoxin Conentrations) required for optimal clinical efﬁcacy and acceptable toxicity remains controversial. In the last years, international guidelines recommend 1.2 ng/mL as acceptable high level.

In this bibliographic synthesis, we aim to collect pertinent informations from MedLine database about exposure-effect relationship in order to assess the evidence level scientific of new digoxin therapeutic monitoring
Importance of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in the Treatment of Active Tuberculosis - A Retrospective Study of 4 Cases
Authors: Hammi Sanaa , El Ataouna Khawla , Bouti Khalid , Elbouazzi Oumaima , Laine Mustapha , Bourkadi Jamal Eddine
Published: June 2016

Background: In the treatment of active tuberculosis, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is used to optimize dosing that maximizes therapeutic benefit while minimizing toxicity. In Morocco, TDM is not routinely used, yet low levels of anti-TB drugs can be associated with poorer treatment outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively checked our archives for patients with active TB for whom TDM was performed during 2014. Medical records were reviewed to abstract demographic, clinical, radiographic and microbiological data including time until smear and culture conversion. Then, we looked for cases with delay of TB conversion.

Results: In total, 24 patients were identified, for whom TDM was performed, they all had low serum drug levels. Among them, 4 patients showed delayed bacteriological conversion.

Conclusions: Our study cases are showing the benefit of serum dosage in the follow-up of the patients showing a delay of sputum examination conversion, both direct and culture, during their evolutions. TDM is potentially useful for the treatment of active TB, but is currently underused in Morocco.
Extended- Versus Narrower-Spectrum Antibiotics for Appendicitis
Authors: Kronman Matthew P. , Oron Assaf P. , Ross Rachael K. , Hersh Adam L. , Newland Jason G. , Goldin Adam , Rangel Shawn J. , Weissman Scott J. , Zerr Danielle M. , Gerber Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Appendicitis guidelines recommend either narrower- or extended-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of complicated appendicitis. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of extended-spectrum versus narrower-spectrum antibiotics for children with appendicitis.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study of children aged 3 to 18 years discharged between 2011 and 2013 from 23 freestanding children’s hospitals with an appendicitis diagnosis and appendectomy performed. Subjects were classified as having complicated appendicitis if they had a postoperative length of stay ≥3 days, a central venous catheter placed, major or severe illness classification, or ICU admission. The exposure of interest was receipt of systemic extended-spectrum antibiotics (piperacillin ± tazobactam, ticarcillin ± clavulanate, ceftazidime, cefepime, or a carbapenem) on the day of appendectomy or the day after. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission for wound infection or repeat abdominal surgery. Multivariable logistic regression, propensity score weighting, and subgroup analyses were used to control for confounding by indication.

RESULTS:

Of 24 984 patients, 17 654 (70.7%) had uncomplicated appendicitis and 7330 (29.3%) had complicated appendicitis. Overall, 664 (2.7%) patients experienced the primary outcome, 1.1% among uncomplicated cases and 6.4% among complicated cases (P < .001). Extended-spectrum antibiotic exposure was significantly associated with the primary outcome in complicated (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.93]), but not uncomplicated, (adjusted odds ratio, 1.32 [95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.98]) appendicitis. These odds ratios remained consistent across additional analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:

Extended-spectrum antibiotics seem to offer no advantage over narrower-spectrum agents for children with surgically managed acute uncomplicated or complicated appendicitis.
Hunting management: the need to adjust predictive models to field observations
Authors: Renoux Francois , De thoisy Benoit
Published: June 2016

Wild meat is a major protein supply for numerous traditional communities worldwide, but impacts ecological processes and consequently challenges the relevance and suitability of adequate monitoring of the sustainability of harvests. In this study we discuss the classic models of theoretical ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œmaximum sustainable offtakeÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â and propose new considerations on sustainable harvest thresholds. The study focuses on French Guiana, northern Amazonia, on four sites harvested by three communities (Amerindian, Creole, and Hmong), mainly for subsistence purposes. We explored how factors related to the number of hunters, the harvested areas, and the surface area hunted, and measured how fauna abundance generates uncertainties on models and increases the errors on sustainable thresholds. Biased or incomplete ethnologic surveys, as well as local and temporal variations in game species density could lead to considerable underestimation of harvests. We proposed a set of corrections that, once applied to theinput variables of the offtake model, could limit the risk of erroneous assessment of sustainability thresholds.
Are the evolutionary implications of vertical transmission of knowledge conservative?
Authors: Soldati Gustavo Taboada , Albuquerque Ulysses Paulino
Published: June 2016

The evolution of cultural systems, or the rate of change in the frequency of traits, is determined by the routes of knowledge transmission, among other factors. According to mathematical models, vertical transmission is the more conservative route, and it promotes high variation among individuals of a population, acts as a barrier to the diffusion of innovations, and promotes slow cultural evolution. However, the history of transmission of the same cultural traits beyond "model-apprentice" pairs indicates that vertical transmission can produce different effects on a cultural system. In the present paper we formalize the hypothesis that vertical transmission has diffusive effects and results in a fast change cultural evolution. If the hypothesis proposed here is confirmed, the theoretical reformulation and relativization of empirical data collected in previous studies will be required.
Variación anual de la composición química del aceite esencial de Lippia Alba (Verbenaceae) cultivada en Costa Rica
Authors: Ciccio Jose F. , Ocampo Rafael A.
Published: June 2016

Se estudió la variación anual de la composición química del aceite esencial de las hojas de Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), forma dulce, que crece en la región tropical húmeda de Costa Rica, utilizando cromatografía de gases capilar (CG) y espectrometría de masas (EM). Los constituyentes mayoritarios del aceite son carvona (62,44 - 67,55%) y limoneno (20,77 - 24,95%).
A Williams ÉletKészségek® stresszkezelő és pszichoszociális készségfejlesztő program magyar adaptációja és 10 éves tapasztalatai
Authors: Stauder Adrienne , Balog Piroska , Kovács Mónika , Susánszky Éva
Published: June 2016

Háttér

A Williams ÉletKészségek® (WÉK) komplex, standardizált, bizonyítottan hatékony magatartásorvoslási program, amelynek fókusza a pszichoszociális stresszhelyzetekkel való adaptív megküzdési stratégiák elsajátítása.

Célkitűzés

Bemutatjuk a WÉK programot, a magyar verzió kidolgozásának módszertanát, valamint a kulturális adaptáció és a széles körű gyakorlati alkalmazás során szerzett tapasztalatainkat.

Módszerek

A WÉK kulturálisan adaptált magyar verziója 2004-ben készült el, a programot azóta folyamatosan fejlesztjük. Az alaptréningek mellett csoportvezetői (WÉK facilitátor) képzéseket indítunk, a facilitátorok számára folyamatos szupervízió biztosított. A WÉK önsegítő változata (70’ DVD és Munkafüzet) 2007-ben készült el. Diákok, pedagógusok és érzelmi evők számára adaptált verzióját is sikerrel alkalmazzuk. A WÉK tréning akkreditált képzés egészségügyi dolgozók és pedagógusok számára. A kiscsoportos tréningek hatékonyságát kérdőívvel vizsgáltuk.

Eredmények

A WÉK használhatóságát a mindennapi gyakorlatban jól jelzi, hogy a tréningeken eddig közel 4000 fő vett részt országszerte. A WÉK-facilitátorképzést több mint 200 szakember végezte el, ez teszi lehetővé a program elérhetőségét Magyarország minden régiójában. A WÉK alaptréning hatékonyságát prospektív, kérdőíves, 6 hónapos utánkövetéses vizsgálataink igazolták. A megküzdő képességek javultak, az észlelt stressz, a szorongás és a depresszió szintje, valamint a szubjektív testi tünetek csökkentek. A programot minimális kiegészítésekkel különböző kiemelt célcsoportok számára sikeresen adaptáltuk.

Következtetések

Az elmúlt 10 év tapasztalatai azt igazolják, hogy a Williams ÉletKészségek® kiscsoportos készségfejlesztő tréning hazai körülmények között széles körben alkalmazható. A résztvevők szubjektív elégedettsége mellett a program hatékonyságát a nemzetközi vizsgálatokkal összhangban, hazai kutatási eredményeink is igazolták.
Öngyilkosság és antidepresszívumok, ökológiai vizsgálatok
Authors: Zonda Tamás , Bozsonyi Károly , Kmetty Zoltán
Published: June 2016

A szerzők az öngyilkosságok és az antidepresszív szerek forgalma közötti összefüggés problémáit vizsgálták az ökológiai vizsgálatok irodalmára koncentrálva. Több gyakorlati és elméleti problémát találtak, amelyek megkérdőjelezik az ún. antidepresszív teóriát, amely szerint egy adott populációban az antidepresszívumok (AD-k) emelkedő használata a csökkenő öngyilkossági ráták meghatározó oka lenne.

1. Az ökológiai vizsgálatokban nem ismert a populációban öngyilkossá vált depressziós személyeknél az antidepresszívum használatának ténye, ami könnyen az ún. ökológiai tévkövetkeztetés oka lehet, valótlan viszonyt jelezve.

2. Alapprobléma az ökológiai vizsgálatoknál, hogy a korreláció csak a két vizsgálandó jelenség közötti együttjárást jelzi, kauzalitást nem. A jelen esetben a helyzetet tovább bonyolítja az a tény is, hogy az AD-k nem az öngyilkosságra hatnak direkt módon, hanem egy pszichiátriai betegségre, amelynek egyik szövődménye lehet az öngyilkosság. Az antidepresszívumok tehát áttételes (indirekt), preventív hatást igyekeznek kifejteni nem ismert számú depressziós betegek ismeretlen hányadánál, nem kiszámítható hatásban és mértékben.

3. A szerzők nem találtak adatot az irodalomban a depressziós és nem-depressziós betegek által használt AD-mennyiség megoszlásáról. Egy hivatalos hazai adatbázis vizsgálatára volt módjuk. Az OEP 4 éves (2007–2010) ambuláns AD-forgalmában szétválogatták az egyes BNO kódokkal jelzett betegek csoportjait: F00-F03; F063; F25; F30-39; F40-48; F50 és Egyéb kategóriák szerint. Az analízis során kiderült, hogy az AD-k 53,93%-át használták csak a valóban magas öngyilkossági rizikót magukban hordozó (F25 és F 30-39) betegek, míg az AD-k közel másik felét (46,07%) minden más (magas rizikót nem hordozó) pszichiátriai vagy nem pszichiátriai kódot kapott betegek. Az AD-k gyógyszertári forgalma tehát nem lehet indikátora a valóban kezelt depressziós betegeknek, illetve kezeléseik számának.

4. A szerzők több olyan ökológiai vizsgálatot találtak, amelyek közül több nem tudta bizonyítani az AD-k használata és az öngyilkossági ráták közötti inverz kapcsolatot, vagy nem konzekvens, vegyes eredmények jelentkeztek.
A Flow Szinkronizáció Kérdőív pszichometriai jellemzői: reliabilitás- és validitásvizsgálat
Authors: Magyaródi Tímea , Oláh Attila
Published: June 2016

Elméleti háttér

A humán interakciók során szinkronizációs, koordinációs tendencia figyelhető meg, amely akár az élmények szintjén is megvalósulhat. Korábbi eredmények szerint a közösen végzett tevékenységekben intenzívebb áramlat élmény (flow) tapasztalható, mint egyedül. A jelenség működéséhez hozzájáruló tényezőket flow szinkronizációnak neveztük, amelynek mérésére kidolgoztuk a Flow Szinkronizáció Kérdőívet (FSZK).

Cél

Jelen kutatás célja az FSZK pszichometriai jellemzőinek, a skálák belső megbízhatóságának és validitásának vizsgálata.

Módszerek

A kutatás keresztmetszeti módon, különböző konstruktumokat (flow, a diádikus interakció sajátosságai, szorongás, éntudatosítás) vizsgáló kérdőívek segítségével történt, az adatfelvétel online felületen zajlott. A vizsgálatban 367 felnőtt vizsgálati személy vett részt (az életkor átlaga 28,5 év, SD =12,89 év).

Eredmények

Az eredmények szerint az FSZK skáláinak belső megbízhatósága megfelelő, az ötfaktoros struktúra igazolt (χ2(336) = 857,27, p < 0,001, CMIN/df = 2,55, TLI = 0,900, CFI = 0,911, RMSEA = 0,065). A kérdőív kritériumvaliditása az elvártak szerint alakult: a flow állapottal, a diádikus interakció szubjektív élményeivel, a kíváncsisággal a konvergens validitást igazoló összefüggéseket kaptunk, míg az éntudatosítás, feszültség, szorongás faktoraitól és a düh tényezőitől különböző konstruktumnak bizonyult.

Következtetések

Az eredmények szerint tehát az FSZK alkalmas a flow szinkronizáció konstruktumának megragadására, megbízható és érvényes mérésére.
Herbicide Safeners Increase Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Tolerance to Pinoxaden and Affect Weed Control
Authors: Elmore Matthew T. , Brosnan James T. , Armel Gregory R. , Vargas Jose J. , Breeden Gregory K.
Published: June 2016

The herbicide pinoxaden is a phenylpyrazoline inhibitor of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Research was conducted to determine the effects of pinoxaden (90 g ai ha−1) alone and in combination with herbicide safeners on creeping bentgrass injury as well as perennial ryegrass and roughstalk bluegrass control. Greenhouse experiments determined that herbicide safeners cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazole-ethyl, and mefenpyr-diethyl were more effective in reducing creeping bentgrass injury from pinoxaden than benoxacor, isoxadifen-ethyl, and naphthalic-anhydride. Other experiments determined that creeping bentgrass injury from pinoxaden decreased as rates (0, 23, 45, 68, 90, 225, or 450 g ha−1) of cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazole-ethyl, and mefenpyr-diethyl increased. On the basis of creeping bentgrass responses to various safener rates, safeners were applied at 68 and 450 g ha−1 in additional experiments to evaluate their effects on pinoxaden (90 g ha−1) injury to creeping bentgrass and efficacy against perennial ryegrass and roughstalk bluegrass. In these experiments, safeners mefenpyr-diethyl and cloquintocet-mexyl reduced pinoxaden-induced creeping bentgrass injury (from 25 to ≤ 5%) more than fenchlorazole-ethyl at 2 wk after treatment. Safeners reduced pinoxaden efficacy against roughstalk bluegrass. Perennial ryegrass was controlled > 80% by pinoxaden and herbicide safeners did not reduce control. Field experiments should evaluate pinoxaden in combination with cloquintocet-mexyl and mefenpyr-diethyl to optimize safener : herbicide ratios and rates for creeping bentgrass safety as well as perennial ryegrass and roughtstalk bluegrass control in different climates and seasons.
Del conflicto al posacuerdo: actualidad constitucional de la doctrina de la seguridad nacional ante la justicia transicional
Authors: Olano- García Hernán Alejandro
Published: June 2016

Propósito: el presente artículo de reflxión realiza un recorrido por las diferentes épocas de la violencia en Colombia, al presentar un análisis para el posconflcto y revisar algunos aspectos de la doctrina de la seguridad nacional, a fi de ser aplicados dentro de la desmovilización y el posconflcto en concordancia con la justicia transicional. Descripción: dentro de la línea de investigación en historia de las instituciones, el autor describe las etapas y causas de la violencia en Colombia, ya que esta adopta un carácter de preocupación sudamericana por cuanto los países limítrofes se ven afectados por los problemas que el propio conflcto les acarrea. Punto de vista: aunque las fórmulas de transición hacia la paz ya han sido dadas por la historia, se expresa que, en lo jurídico, el Tratado de Roma no ha reemplazado la jurisdicción penal ordinaria nacional ni la denominada justicia transicional y que, como paso fime hacia la paz, los acuerdos deberían incluir que las investigaciones o los enjuiciamientos se realicen conforme al derecho nacional y a los derechos constitucionales fundamentales por él protegidos. Conclusiones: la nueva justicia transicional puede generar conflctos de competencia con las Altas Cortes, pues el nuevo Tribunal de Paz, con presencia de jueces internacionales, será el nuevo organismo de cierre judicial en Colombia
La paz: mucho más que el final de la guerra
Authors: Cabrera-Suárez Lizandro
Published: June 2016

Propósito: hacer un análisis de la futura fima del acuerdo de paz en La Habana, Cuba, con el grupo insurgente de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (farc-ep), de manera escéptica, un poco cruda si se quiere, en busca de que se tengan en cuenta las experiencias internacionales. Descripción: este artículo empieza por una mirada general a lo que es el posconflcto, y se elabora mediante una serie de interrogantes sobre este, en relación con los problemas macroeconómicos que debe enfrentar el Estado. Posteriormente, se toman los ejemplos internacionales en los que se ha vivido una experiencia semejante y se establecen unas condiciones para no repetir los resultados. Continúa con el análisis de las instituciones colombianas que se dedicaban a la guerra y, de una manera sucinta, se plantean sus caminos de evolución. Punto de vista: todo lo anterior demuestra que olombia merece la paz tan esperada por toda la sociedad, pero con resultados sostenibles y diferentes a los  resentados en Centroamérica. La tesis central o el punto de vista que se definde es que la paz es más que una fima. Debe ser un conjunto integral de acciones a largo plazo, y no estrategias estructuradas al calor y la presión del omento. Conclusiones: Colombia no está preparada para la paz entendida como justicia social.