bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent assessment of quality characteristics of miscanthus fiber-reinforced polypropylene for sustainable products development
Authors: Ihueze Chukwutoo Christopher , Celestine Okoli Ndubuisi , Onwurah Uchendu Onwusoronye , Okafor Christian Emeka , Kingsley-Omoyibo Queeneth Adesuwa
Published: April 2023

This study aims at determining the optimal material and process parameters that will maximize the quality characteristics of miscanthus fiber-reinforced polypropylene (MFRPP) composite. Taguchi L16 was utilized in the design of experiment and larger-the-better signal-to-noise ratio was used in the analysis of the impact strength of MFRPP. Optimal combination of material and process parameters and the main effects were determined, and the significant variables were identified using analysis of variance. Artificial neural network (ANN) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were utilized on the Taguchi experimental data and used in the prediction of the impact strength of MFRPP. The results showed the optimum impact strength occurred at 25 wt% miscanthus fiber loading. The results of the predictions made revealed that both ANN and ELM are very efficient in predicting the impact strength of MFRPP as shown by the relative errors when compared with the experimental data. Both the performance metrics assessments and the quality of prediction show that ELM is a better machine learning technique than ANN. The high impact strength of MFRPP composite is a confirmation that MFRPP is a very useful material for industrial applications.
Clinicopathologic features in childhood-onset lupus nephritis with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity——a multi-center retrospective study
Authors: Jin Bei , Cheng Cheng , Tan Meizhen , Huang Jun , Chen Lizhi , Lin Zhilang , Zeng Shuhan , Yu Zihua , Li Yingjie , Jiang Xiaoyun
Published: April 2023

Background

Positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) serology in adult-onset lupus nephritis (LN) is associated with more active disease and distinct renal pathology, but data with respect to childhood-onset LN remain scarce. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of positive ANCA serology on clinical and histopathologic features and renal outcomes in children with LN from multiple centers.

Methods

Clinical and histopathologic data of 61 ANCA-positive and 330 ANCA-negative LN children (1<age≤18 years) retrospectively enrolled from three pediatric nephrology centers were analyzed. Among them, 217 children were followed and survival analysis was performed.

Results

Among 61 ANCA-positive LN children, 86.9% of them had antimyeloperoxidase antibodies. Both ANCA-positive and ANCA-negative children had high disease activities with median SLEDAI-2K of 16 (13, 20). Hematuria was more prominent (urinary RBC +++ ∼ ++++: 45.9% vs 26.7%, p = 0.011), while fever (42.6% vs. 58.2%, p = 0.035), alopecia (3.3% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.019), photosensitivity (0% vs. 8.2%, p = 0.013), and pleurisy (4.9% vs. 15.8%, p = 0.026) were less common in ANCA-positive children. Higher proportions of segmental sclerosis (23.7% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.025), crescentic formation (36.4% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.009), and capillary wall thickening (24.5% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.01) were observed in biopsies of ANCA-positive children. Long-term renal survival did not differ significantly between two groups ( p = 0.300).

Conclusions

Positive ANCA serology in LN children was associated with different clinical and histopathologic features compared to those with negative ANCA serology. Further studies are needed to clarify the pathogenic role of ANCAs in childhood-onset LN and confirm their association with prognosis.
Thermo-mechanical modeling of semicrystalline triple shape memory polymers
Authors: Gu Jianping , Bian Kan , Cai Zhongbing , Zeng Hao , Sun Huiyu
Published: April 2023

Compared with amorphous shape memory polymers (SMPs), semicrystalline SMPs have more diverse shape memory effects (SMEs) which promotes their application in smart structures. To reveal the driving mechanism of the triple SMEs of semicrystalline SMPs, our study focuses on developing the constitutive model under the condition of finite deformation. In the paper, a thermo-mechanical constitutive model under consideration of the second law of thermodynamics is developed based on the theory of thermodynamics with internal state variables. The model can be used to describe the nonequilibrium response of the amorphous and semicrystalline components in the vicinity of the glass transition, melting, and crystallization. To verify the validity of model, numerical simulation is carried out for a thermo-mechanical shape memory cycle which can be divided into a two-step programing process and a two-step recovery process. The comparison between the model results and the test data shows good agreement.
Optimization design of an annular flexible IDT array based on a PDMS-PVDF substrate
Authors: Wang Ziping , Cui Hangrui , Zhou Ai , Li Bingqian , Gorgin Rahim
Published: April 2023

Flexible sensors play an increasingly important role in damage detection of curved sheet-like structures in large-scale equipment. The sensor array is widely used in plate-like structures because it can collect damage information in a centralized manner. The annular array has the same sensitivity to damage in all directions of the circular array element. This design can realize the comprehensive detection of structural damage and improve the detection efficiency of structural damage. Aiming at the flexible sensor required for health monitoring of large flexible plate-like structures, an annular composite based on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and a flexible polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) material substrate was designed. A broadband omnidirectional interdigital transducer (IDT) was integrated into an annular IDT array to calibrate its frequency response and vibration output performance, and the sensor was applied to the structural inspection.
Complaining, Regret, Superiority, and Discovery: Chinese Patients’ Sense Making of Depression in an Online Forum
Authors: Xu Kaibin , Li Xin
Published: April 2023

Drawing on observations of a Chinese online depression community, this article explored the members’ sense making of depression by analyzing their narrative accounts of depression. Four types of sense making were predominant among the depression sufferers: complaining, regret, superiority, and discovery. The complaining narrative is the members’ telling about the pain caused by family (parental control or neglect), school bullying, stress from study or work, and social norms. The regret narrative is the members’ reflection on their habit of perfectionism and lack of self-disclosure. The superiority narrative is the members’ attribution of depression to their intelligence and morality that surpass the average people. The discovery narrative is the members’ novel understanding of the self, significant others, and key events. The findings suggest that the social and psychological explanation of the causes of depression, instead of the medical model, is popular among the Chinese patients. Their stories of depression are also stories of marginalization, visions for the future, and realizing the normalization of identity as depression patients. The findings have implications for public policy around support for mental health.
Characterizing Cleft Rhinoplasty Across Skeletal Maturity: A Systematic Review of Terminology and Surgical Techniques
Authors: Park Jenn J. , Laspro Matteo , Arias Fernando D. , Rodriguez Colon Ricardo , Chaya Bachar F. , Rochlin Danielle H. , Staffenberg David A. , Flores Roberto L.
Published: April 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study is to assess cleft rhinoplasty terminology across phases of growth.

Design/Setting

A systematic review was performed on cleft rhinoplasty publications over 20 years.

Interventions

Studies were categorized by age at surgical intervention: infant (<1 year); immature (1 to 14 years); mature (>15 years).

Main Outcome Measures

Collected data included terminology used and surgical techniques.

Results

The 288 studies included demonstrated a wide range of terminology. In the infant group, 51/54 studies used the term “primary.” In the immature group, 7/18 studies used the term “primary,” 3/18 used “secondary.” In the mature group, 2/33 studies used the term “primary,” 16/33 used “secondary,” 2/33 used “definitive,” 5/33 used terms such as “mature,” “adult,” and “late,” and 8/33 did not use terminology.

Surgical technique assessment demonstrated

cleft rhinoplasty at infancy used nostril rim or no nasal incision, immature rhinoplasty used closed and open rhinoplasty incisions; and mature rhinoplasty used a majority of open rhinoplasty. Infant and immature cleft rhinoplasty incorporated septal harvest or spur removal in <10% of cases, whereas these procedures were common in mature rhinoplasty. No studies in infants or immature patients used osteotomies or septal grafts, common techniques in mature rhinoplasty.

Conclusions

Current terminology for cleft rhinoplasty is varied and inconsistently applied across stages of facial development. However, cleft rhinoplasty performed at infancy, childhood, and facial maturity are surgically distinct procedures. The authors recommend the terminology “infant,” “immature,” and “mature” cleft rhinoplasty to accurately describe this procedure within the context of skeletal growth.
Exploring the Interplay Between Humans and Sports Equipment in the Quest for Performance
Authors: Terrien Eric , Huet Benoît , Saury Jacques
Published: April 2023

The processes of appropriation of tools, machines, and other kinds of equipment by human beings are often linked to the notions of transparency and incorporation. Sport situations provide appropriate conditions for exploring the interplay between humans and material equipment when users are engaged in a quest for performance. In the present opinion, we discuss the notions of transparency of sports equipment used by athletes, showing that the association between appropriation and transparency is not straightforward. Furthermore, we highlight distinctions between types of sports equipment based on the latter’s behavior in relation to the athlete’s activity. This leads us to suggest three directions of research that should develop a better understanding of the interplay between humans and sports equipment in particular, and more generally the interplay between humans engaged in a quest for performance and their material artefacts.
Diffuse Carbonic Anhydrase 9 and GATA3 Expression in Fumarate Hydratase Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma – A Case Report and Immunoprofile Review
Authors: Pacheco Richard R. , Pacheco Robert , Cooley Christine , Kaufman Ronald , Akgul Mahmut
Published: April 2023

Fumarate hydratase deficient renal cell carcinoma (FHRCC) can exhibit a heterogenous immunoprofile. In the present case, a solitary 10.5 cm mixed cystic and solid left kidney tumor showed various growth patterns, involving renal sinus adipose tissue and the renal pelvis. Tumor cells showed prominent nucleoli and perinucleolar halos. Aberrant diffuse (>90%), strong, and membranous carbonic anhydrase 9 and variable GATA3 expression were present. Diagnostic loss of fumarate hydratase expression and 2-succinyl cysteine overexpression (cytoplasmic and nuclear) were identified. Carbonic anhydrase 9 and GATA3 expression in FHRCC is rarely reported in the literature, and may cause misdiagnosis of clear cell RCC and/or urothelial carcinoma.
Antibiotics Prescription, Dispensing Practices and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Common Pathogens in Nepal: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ghimire Kalpana , Banjara Megha Raj , Marasini Bishnu Prasad , Gyanwali Pradip , Poudel Sudha , Khatri Elina , Dhimal Meghnath
Published: April 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing and it is a serious public health problem worldwide. Nepal is considered as one of the contributors for rising AMR due to the most prevalent irrational use of antibiotics. In this review, we have assessed the practices of antibiotic prescription and dispensing, and antibiotic resistance of commonly encountered bacteria in Nepal. There is exponential increase of therapeutic consumption of antibiotics either without clinician’s prescription or irrational prescription. Almost half of the population in Nepal was found to purchase antibiotics easily from the nearby pharmacies without clinician’s prescription. Irrational prescription is exceeded in remote areas which could be due to lack of access with health posts and hospitals. The third generation cephalosporins, which are considered as the last resort antibiotics were found to be relatively prescribed and dispensed higher as compared to other classes of antibiotics. Despite the existing limited functional surveillance system, antibiotic resistance among bacteria is increasing in Nepal because of irrational prescription, dispensing and consumption of antibiotics without prescription.
Towards a historical sociology of associations and dissociations between food, food events and alcoholic drinks: A reply to Warde et al.
Authors: Inglis David
Published: April 2023

This commentary reflects on the strengths of the paper by Warde et al. entitled “Situated drinking: the association between eating and alcohol consumption in Great Britain”. It suggests that practice-theoretical approaches towards studying contemporary connections between foods, food events and alcoholic drinks provides an excellent basis for overcoming the analytical limits of fields such as food studies, drinks studies, alcohol studies and related areas. This is especially so if Warde et al.'s quantitative methodology were to be yoked to two further sources of inspiration, namely Mary Douglas's structuralist analysis of food combinations within food events and Stephen Mennell's utilisation of the concepts and concerns of Norbert Elias to produce a systematic historical sociology of food. An extended inter-paradigmatic approach to the study of how alcoholic drinks relate to foods and eating practices emerges as a result.
Virginia tech advanced towing carriage
Authors: Gilbert Christine , Javaherian Mohammad Javad , Woolsey Craig , Shepheard Mark
Published: April 2023

Virginia Tech has recently acquired a new towing carriage and vertical planar motion mechanism. The new towing carriage replaces the original carriage that was installed in the 1960s. The original carriage had a maximum speed of roughly 3 m/s, and the new carriage has a maximum speed of 7 m/s with the current wavemaker installation. The towing tank facility is used for both teaching and research activities in ocean engineering. The vertical planar motion mechanism includes two linear actuators to change the pitching and heaving behavior of a surface or subsurface test article to model different phenomena such as slamming or porpoising of surface vessels and vertical plane maneuvers for subsurface vessels. The focus of this paper is on the determination of the specifications for the towing tank to meet both teaching and research needs and the early resistance experiments that have been conducted during initial shake-down of the new facility. The authors will discuss how preliminary resistance experiments compare to the USNA towing tank facility.
The effect of changes in light level on the numbers of cyclists
Authors: Uttley J , Fotios S , Robbins CJ , Moscoso C
Published: April 2023

Cycling has a range of benefits and should be encouraged, but darkness may put people off from cycling due to reductions in visibility, road safety and personal security. We summarise previous work that consistently demonstrates how darkness reduces the number of people cycling after dark, after accounting for confounding factors such as time of day and seasonal variations in weather. We extend this previous work by analysing cyclist counts in Norway, a country at a higher latitude than those examined previously. An effect of darkness on cycling rates was found but this effect was smaller than that found in previous work, suggesting certain unknown factors may be important in mediating the impact of darkness on cycling rates. One factor that is known to mediate the effect is road lighting. Previous findings indicate that increased illuminance can offset the reductions in cyclists caused by darkness and also that there may be an optimal illuminance after which no further benefits may be achieved.
Comparison of Transplant Pharmacist Treatment Decisions Between Telehealth and Clinic Visits
Authors: Xu-Stettner Jiashan , Thompson Amy N. , Fitzgerald Linda J. , Licari Tracy , McMurry Katie A. , Tischer Sarah
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Implementation of telehealth in high-risk patient populations provides opportunities for continuous interactions and has previously been shown to positively impact practice. However, there is a paucity of studies focused on telehealth in the liver transplant population specific to pharmacist care. Project Aim: Describe the importance of transplant pharmacist treatment decisions between telehealth, in-clinic, and asynchronous (eg chart review and electronic message support) visit types. Design: This was a single-center comparative evaluation of adult liver transplant recipients transplanted between May 1, 2020 and October 31, 2020 with a transplant pharmacist visit between May 1, 2020 and November 30, 2020. The primary outcome was the average number of treatment decisions per encounter and the average number of important treatment decisions per encounter. The importance of these treatment decisions was determined by a panel of three clinicians. Results: Twenty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria with 85 in-clinic, 42 telehealth, and 55 asynchronous visits. For all treatment decisions, there was no statistical difference in average number of treatment decisions per encounter between telehealth visits and in-clinic visits with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.822 (95% CI, 0.674–1.000; P = 0.051). Similarly, for important treatment decisions, there was no statistical difference between telehealth visits and in-clinic visits (OR 0.847; 95% CI, 0.642–1.116; P = 0.238). Conclusion: Transplant pharmacists can deliver recommendations with similar importance via telehealth compared to in-clinic visits based on the number of total and important treatment decisions.
Advertising by Four Studio Music Teachers in Early Twentieth Century Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Southcott Jane , Elliott Frances
Published: April 2023

Studio music teachers have always been constant in Australian society, rarely recognised beyond their immediate surrounds. Building a ‘connection’ of students required advertising, primarily by word-of-mouth or via local press announcements. Few teachers placed individual advertisements in local papers. This changed in 1911 with the establishment of monthly The Australian Musical News, intended to report and support musicians and music teachers. In its first edition, four studio music teachers placed advertisements, first to use this new opportunity. We unfold the stories of Mrs. Arthur Royce, Herr Franz O. Schieblich, James Ure, and J. Alfred Johnstone. By happenstance, their diverse careers capture the different ways of being a studio teacher in contemporary Australia. We note the unchanging nature of studio music teaching and suggest that, with the exception of technologies, the activities of these four teachers resonate with modern practice.
Transitional Justice Networks and the Role of ‘local’ Actors in Cambodia
Authors: Manning Peter , Tchilingirian Jordan , Kum Somaly , Nedelcu Tudor
Published: April 2023

Debates over localisation in transitional justice and peacebuilding have been characterised by the assumption that more equitable relationships between local and international actors allow for more effective and just interventions. Critical scholarship has in turn cautioned over the use of reified conceptions of the ‘local’ and ‘international’, emphasising each as contested sites. Through a network analysis of transitional justice event data in Cambodia, we ask: what are the roles and influence of Cambodian actors, and what might their positions tell us about the relationships between international and local groups? We find that event data shows strong local representation within the transitional justice community. However, representation is not synonymous with influence. Our data demonstrates an uneven distribution of network positions within both local and international groupings. This illustrates the need for greater attention to the role of individual biographies that advantage certain individuals to shape transitional justice interventions.
Generating realistic two-line element sets for notional space vehicles and constellations
Authors: Rockwood Troy , Steeger Greg , Stein Matthew
Published: April 2023

As space becomes increasingly populated with new satellites and systems, modeling and simulation of existing and future systems becomes more important. The two-line element set has been the standard format for sharing data about a satellite’s orbit since the 1960s, and well-developed algorithms can predict the future location of satellites based on these data. In order to simulate potential future systems, especially when mixed with existing systems, data must be generated to represent the desired orbits. We present a means to create two-line element sets with parameters that closely resemble real satellite behavior and rely on a novel approach to calculate the mean motion for even greater accuracy.
Effect of five-elements music therapy combined with Baduanjin qigong on patients with mild COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Haijiao , Yin Lishi , Peng Yan , Zhang Guifang , Chen Qiyang , Liang Juan , Tian Suzhai , Tong Tingting , Liu Ruiyi , Lv Chenxu , Zhao Lijuan , Liang Ting , Wang Jie , Fan Ling
Published: April 2023

Background

To investigate the physical and psychological effects of five-element music therapy combined with Baduanjin qigong treatment on inpatients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan.

Methods

A mixed-methods study was used. In the quantitative study, a randomized controlled trial was performed on 40 study participants divided into a control group ( n = 20) and an intervention group ( n = 20). The Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were compared. For qualitative analysis, it adopted purposive sampling method, 13 patients of different ages from 18 to 60 years old and different exercise behavior were selected as the participants from the intervention group. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data, and the content analysis method was used for data analysis. An interview outline was developed to assess the psychological condition and personal functional-exercise behavior of patients.

Results

In the quantitative study, the anxiety self-scores and depression self-scores of patients in intervention group were significantly lower compared with control group after treatment ( p < .05). The sleep quality of intervention group was significantly improved compared with control group ( p < .001). Participants in the qualitative study responded to questions posed through semi-structured interviews. The effect of intervention was good, which has been supported and recognized by patients.

Conclusion

The treatment of five-element music therapy combined with Baduanjin qigong on patients with mild COVID-19 alleviated anxiety and depression, and improved sleep quality, which was beneficial to the patients’ physical and psychological recovery.
Patient, disease, and survival outcomes for stage IB to stage IV cervical cancer—A population study
Authors: Wang Christine , Lester Beverly , Huang Longlong , Sun Shaun , Ko Jenny J
Published: April 2023

Background:

Factors that impact recurrence in stages IB to IV include larger tumor, high-risk histology, older age, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI); however, local studies on risk factors for recurrence in British Columbia and our local recurrence patterns have not been well studied. Furthermore, the efficacy of treatment modalities including surgery and chemoradiation in the different stages of cervical cancer have not been clarified in this population.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to determine the disease and treatment characteristics of stages IB to IV cervical cancer which are associated with survival differences within British Columbia.

Methods/Design:

We performed a retrospective population study. A chart review on cervical cancer patients in British Columbia between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2017 was done. Demographic data and treatment details were collected. Data were analyzed using multivariate Cox regressions, pairwise comparison using the Log-Rank test, and chi-square tests.

Results:

We included 780 patients (stage I: 31.5%, II: 20.0%, III: 34.5%, and IV: 3.3%). LVI and p16 negativity were associated with decreased overall survival (OS), and multivariate analyses show them to be independent risk factors for poorer survival. Surgical resection in stage I was associated with improved survival, but not with stages II–IV. The use of radical radiation therapy (RT), brachytherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy were independently associated with improved survival in stages II–IV. Peri-RT chemotherapy was not associated with survival benefit in adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma. There were 180 recurrences (23.1%), mostly distant metastases (42.8%). There were fewer recurrences after resection of tumors <2 cm compared to tumors 2 cm or larger (6.49% vs 31.3%, p = 0.00011). Only 37.7% of recurrence/metastases were treated with first-line carboplatin/paclitaxel/bevacizumab, but it was associated with better OS compared to other regimens (median OS 40.1 vs 24.8 months, p = 0.03).

Conclusion:

A significant portion of patients with localized cervical cancer relapse despite radical therapy, with LVI and p16 negativity associated with poorer survival. Surgical resection may still play a role in stage IB disease, while RT, brachytherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy should be considered first-line therapy in stage II–IV diseases. First-line carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab for recurrence shows improved survival.
Preparing internal medicine trainees for their intensive care rotations: What are we doing across the UK?
Authors: Fox Amy
Published: April 2023

Internal medicine trainees (IMTs) comprise a significant portion of rotational junior doctors in intensive care units (ICUs) in the UK. Provision of formal training for this role is highly variable, delivered by only 67% of units responding to our UK-wide survey. Topics most often covered in formal training include renal medicine, airway management, pharmacology, ventilators, vascular access and assessing the critically unwell patient. The results of the survey have been used to design a follow-up national survey of IMTs to elicit their perceived training needs when undertaking their intensive care medicine rotation.
Breast pain
Authors: Ahmed Naila
Published: April 2023

Breast pain, also known as mastalgia, is a common symptom experienced by women, affecting almost two-thirds of women at some stage of their lives. The pain can be episodic or constant, affecting one or both breasts, and can be classified as cyclical, related to the menstrual cycle, non-cyclical, and extra-mammary. Breast pain is uncommon in men. Breast pain can cause patient anxiety, particularly about breast cancer, even though breast pain alone is not a common symptom of breast cancer. Most patients with breast pain can be safely managed in primary care without needing referral to secondary care. This article will discuss the causes, assessment, management, and the referral criteria to secondary care for breast pain, according to the current guidelines.
For Better or Worse: A Critical Look at Marriage in Laurel Richardson’s Poetry
Authors: Faulkner Sandra L.
Published: April 2023

The following essay is a response to Laurel Richardson’s collection of poems about marriage titled For Better or Worse. Reading the poems made the author consider how she talks, thinks, and teaches about marriage as a scholar who studies close relationships and how Richardson’s poems can instruct students and others about the ideals, critiques, and realities of marriage. The author presents assignments and class discussions about marriage in two family communication and six relational communication courses she taught from a Critical Interpersonal and Family Communication (CIFC) perspective in 2020–2022 by showing the critical work and reflection that students did that ultimately reinforced dominant ideas about marriage in the US. The author includes critical reflections on Laurel Richardson’s marriage poems for context and contrast.
Evaluation of Serum and Urine Biomarker Panels for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Prior to Onset of Secondary Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wolfe Preston N. , Stoker Aaron M. , Leary Emily , Crist Brett D. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Cook James L.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Evaluate serum and urine biomarker panels for their capabilities in discriminating between individuals (13- to 34-years-olds) with healthy hips versus those with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) prior to diagnosis of secondary hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Design

Urine and serum were collected from individuals (15-33 years old) with DDH, prior to and following diagnosis of hip OA, and from age-matched healthy-hip controls. Samples were analyzed for panels of protein biomarkers with potential for differentiation of hip status using receiver operator characteristic curve (area under curve [AUC]) assessments.

Results

Multiple urine and serum biomarker panels effectively differentiated individuals with DDH from healthy-hip controls in a population at risk for developing secondary hip OA with the best performing panel demonstrating an AUC of 0.959. The panel comprised of two serum and two urinary biomarkers provided the highest combined values for sensitivity, 0.85, and specificity, 1.00, while a panel of four serum biomarkers provided the highest sensitivity, 0.93, while maintaining adequate specificity, 0.71.

Conclusion

Results of this study indicate that panels of protein biomarkers measured in urine and serum may be able to differentiate young adults with DDH from young adults with healthy hips. These data suggest the potential for clinical application of a routine diagnostic method for cost-effective and timely screening for DDH in at-risk populations. Further development and validation of these biomarker panels may result in highly sensitive and specific tools for early diagnosis, staging, and prognostication of DDH, as well as treatment decision making and monitoring capabilities.

Level of Evidence:

III
Hybrid method of mapping urban residential carbon emissions with high-spatial resolution: A case study of Suzhou, China
Authors: Gao Junyang , Liu Helin , Tang Yongwei , Luo Mei
Published: April 2023

Implementing carbon mitigation through urban spatial optimisation is a possible solution for alleviating global warming. However, the relationship between urban carbon emissions and urban spatial structure has not been well clarified, as adequate mapping of high-spatial-resolution urban carbon emissions from different sectors (particularly residential sectors), a precondition to solving the problem, has yet to be achieved. This study proposes a hybrid method of mapping the spatial distribution of urban residential carbon emissions on a 1 km × 1 km scale using multi-source data and exemplifies it via a case study of the Chinese city of Suzhou. The purpose of using this method is to differentiate residential carbon emissions by commuter population and home-based population, as the time they spend at home differs. The mobile signalling data of Suzhou were used to identify commuter and home-based populations. The number and spatial distribution of these two groups were then calibrated by referring to land use and O-D data. Using calibrated data, the proportion of electricity consumed by the two groups in different residential districts across the city was calculated. Total urban residential carbon emissions were then proportionally allocated to 1 km × 1 km grids. By validating estimated data against the data from the Statistical Yearbook, we found that the proximity level is higher than 93%. Furthermore, comparing these outcomes against the results estimated by using NTL data and the size of the identified population as the proxy data, it was observed that the results estimated by the hybrid method are of higher accuracy and stability.
Preventing Anxiety and Depression in Emerging Adults: A Case for Targeting Help-Seeking Intentions and Behaviors
Authors: Nauphal Maya , Ward-Ciesielski Erin , Eustis Elizabeth H.
Published: April 2023

Efforts to prevent anxiety and depressive disorders are considered a public health priority. However, emerging adults (ages 18–25) have traditionally been overlooked in the prevention literature. Recent suggestions to improve the design and evaluation of prevention programs propose a shift toward targeting and assessing changes in underlying mechanisms and protective factors that might buffer against the onset or worsening of symptoms and promote emotional well-being. In this conceptual paper, we aim to further this discussion on the optimal targets and goals of prevention programs and how best to tailor these programs to meet the needs of emerging adults. We first provide a brief overview of the prevention literature for depressive and anxiety symptoms among emerging adults. We then present an argument for expanding the focus of prevention programs to include an emphasis on factors affecting help-seeking intentions and behaviors as explicit targets. We argue this could improve the effectiveness and long-term impact of prevention efforts and provide a way to tailor programs to the unique developmental period of emerging adulthood. We propose that prevention programs should strive to target both mechanisms underlying depressive and anxious symptomatology, as well as those affecting help-seeking behaviors to arm emerging adults with the knowledge and tools necessary to effectively manage their mental health needs. To this end, we outline a number of processes to prioritize and target in order to promote help-seeking in the context of prevention.
The Emotional Impact of Negative Language in People With Diabetes: A Descriptive Study Using a Semantic Differential Scale
Authors: Dickinson Jane K. , Guzman Susan J. , Wooldridge Jennalee S.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Explore the emotional experience of people with diabetes as they encounter words and phrases that have been previously identified as problematic and evaluate potential differences in their emotional impact based on type of diabetes and demographic characteristics.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study employing an online survey of 107 adults with type 1 diabetes and 110 adults with type 2 diabetes. A semantic differential scale was used to examine feeling states associated with negative diabetes language. Descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, and frequencies were calculated for all study variables. For each target word, frequencies of participants who endorsed a positive, neutral, or negative affective response on the sematic differential scale are reported.

Results:

People with diabetes reported feeling blamed, misunderstood, hopeless, judged, not motivated, and not trusting in response to “noncompliant,” “unmotivated,” “in denial,” “preventable,” “failed,” “should,” “uncontrolled,” “what did you do wrong,” and “you could end up blind or on dialysis.” Participants who have type 1 diabetes and are female, White, more educated, and younger reported more negative feelings about the target words.

Conclusion:

People with diabetes experience highly negative affective responses when they read and hear previously identified words and phrases considered to be judgmental and unhelpful.
Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Biomarkers in Children at the End of Leukemia Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Hooke Mary C. , Salisbury Derek L. , Mathiason Michelle A. , Kunin-Batson Alicia S. , Blommer Audrey , Hutter Jessica , Mitby Pauline , Moore Ida , Whitman Susan , Taylor Olga , Scheurer Michael E. , Hockenberry Marilyn J.
Published: April 2023

Background: Symptoms in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) change over the trajectory of treatment but little is known about their symptoms as treatment ends. Physical activity may help decrease symptom distress and is vital for ongoing development. The role of biomarkers in symptom science is emerging. The purpose of the study was to explore relationships between self-report of symptoms and physical activity, actigraphy measures, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Methods: Participants were children who were ages 3 to 18 years at the time of ALL diagnosis and were now in the last 12-week cycle of ALL maintenance. Self-reports of fatigue, sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, and physical activity were completed by participants and parents of younger children. Participants wore a wrist actigraph continuously for the 7 days before other measurements. F2-isoprostanes and interleukin-8 were evaluated in CSF samples. Results: Among the 15 participants, self-report of symptoms and physical activity indicated levels similar to healthy peers. F2-isoprostane had a strong positive correlation with fatigue levels and with depressive symptoms. Fatigue, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms positively correlated with each other. Actigraph measures showed children met the CDC guidelines for 60 min of daily moderate to vigorous activity; sleep time was slightly less than healthy norms. Discussion: During maintenance therapy, most children return to healthy norms in symptom burden and physical activity. F2-isoprostane in the CSF is a biomarker for fatigue and depressive symptoms. Children who had persistent symptoms experienced them as a cluster, which confirms previous symptom cluster research.
Preventing Depression Relapse: A Qualitative Study on the Need for Additional Structured Support Following Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy
Authors: Siwik Chelsea J. , Adler Shelley R. , Moran Patricia J. , Kuyken Willem , Segal Zindel , Felder Jennifer , Eisendrath Stuart , Hecht Frederick M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an effective group intervention for reducing rates of depression relapse. However, about one-third of graduates experience relapse within 1 year of completing the course.

Objective

The current study aimed to explore the need and strategies for additional support following the MBCT course.

Methods

We conducted 4 focus groups via videoconferencing, two with MBCT graduates (n = 9 in each group) and two with MBCT teachers (n = 9; n = 7). We explored participants’ perceived need for and interest in MBCT programming beyond the core program and ways to optimize the long-term benefits of MBCT. We conducted thematic content analysis to identify patterns in transcribed focus group sessions. Through an iterative process, multiple researchers developed a codebook, independently coded the transcripts, and derived themes.

Results

Participants said the MBCT course is highly valued and was, for some, “life changing.” Participants also described challenges with maintaining MBCT practices and sustaining benefits after the course despite using a range of approaches (ie, community and alumni-based meditation groups, mobile applications, taking the MBCT course a second time) to maintain mindfulness and meditative practice. One participant described finishing the MBCT course as feeling like “falling off a cliff.” Both MBCT graduates and teachers were enthusiastic about the prospect of additional support following MBCT in the form of a maintenance program.

Conclusion

Some MBCT graduates experienced difficulty maintaining practice of the skills they learned in the course. This is not surprising given that maintained behavior change is challenging and difficulty sustaining mindfulness practice after a mindfulness-based intervention is not specific to MBCT. Participants shared that additional support following the MBCT program is desired. Therefore, creating an MBCT maintenance program may help MBCT graduates maintain practice and sustain benefits longer-term, thereby decreasing risk for depression relapse
Bone-derived C-terminal FGF23 cleaved peptides increase iron availability in acute inflammation
Authors: Courbon Guillaume , Thomas Jane J. , Martinez Calle Marta , Wang Xueyan , Spindler Jadeah , Von Drasek John , Hunt-Tobey Bridget , Mehta Rupal , Isakova Tamara , Chang Wenhan , Creemers John W.M. , Ji Peng , Martin Aline , David Valentin
Published: April 2023

Inflammation leads to functional iron deficiency, by increasing the expression of the hepatic iron regulatory peptide, hepcidin. Inflammation also stimulates fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production by increasing both Fgf23 transcription and FGF23 cleavage, which paradoxically leads to excess in C-terminal FGF23 peptides (Cter-FGF23), rather than intact hormone (iFGF23). We determined that the major source of Cter-FGF23 are the osteocytes and investigated whether Cter-FGF23 peptides play a direct role in the regulation of hepcidin and iron metabolism in response to acute inflammation. Mice harboring an osteocyte-specific deletion of Fgf23 showed a ~90% reduction in Cter-FGF23 levels during acute inflammation. Reduction in Cter-FGF23 led to a further decrease in circulating iron in inflamed mice due to excessive hepcidin production. We observed similar results in mice showing impaired FGF23 cleavage due to osteocyte-specific deletion of Furin. We next showed that Cter-FGF23 peptides bind members of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) family, BMP2 and BMP9, which are established inducers of hepcidin. Co-administration of Cter-FGF23 and BMP2 or BMP9 prevented the increase in Hamp mRNA and circulating hepcidin levels induced by BMP2/9, resulting in normal serum iron levels. Finally, injection of Cter-FGF23 in inflamed Fgf23KO mice and genetic overexpression of Cter-Fgf23 in WT mice also resulted in lower hepcidin and higher circulating iron levels. In conclusion, during inflammation, bone is the major source of Cter-FGF23 secretion and independently of iFGF23, Cter-FGF23 reduces BMP-induced hepcidin secretion in the liver.
Genome-wide identification of Aux/IAA and ARF gene families reveal their potential roles in flower opening of Dendrobium officinale
Authors: Si Can , Zeng Danqi , da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira , Qiu Shengxiang , Duan Jun , Bai Song , He Chunmei
Published: April 2023

Background

The auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a vital phytohormone that influences plant growth and development. Our previous work showed that IAA content decreased during flower development in the medicinally important orchid Dendrobium officinale, while Aux/IAA genes were downregulated. However, little information about auxin-responsive genes and their roles in D. officinale flower development exists.

Results

This study validated 14 DoIAA and 26 DoARF early auxin-responsive genes in the D. officinale genome. A phylogenetic analysis classified the DoIAA genes into two subgroups. An analysis of cis-regulatory elements indicated that they were related by phytohormones and abiotic stresses. Gene expression profiles were tissue-specific. Most DoIAA genes (except for DoIAA7) were sensitive to IAA (10 μmol/L) and were downregulated during flower development. Four DoIAA proteins (DoIAA1, DoIAA6, DoIAA10 and DoIAA13) were mainly localized in the nucleus. A yeast two-hybrid assay showed that these four DoIAA proteins interacted with three DoARF proteins (DoARF2, DoARF17, DoARF23).

Conclusions

The structure and molecular functions of early auxin-responsive genes in D. officinale were investigated. The DoIAA-DoARF interaction may play an important role in flower development via the auxin signaling pathway.
Proteomic profiles and the function of RBP4 in endometrium during embryo implantation phases in pigs
Authors: Wang Yueying , Xue Songyi , Liu Qiaorui , Gao Dengying , Hua Renwu , Lei Minggang
Published: April 2023

Background

Endometrial receptivity plays a vital role in the success of embryo implantation. However, the temporal proteomic profile of porcine endometrium during embryo implantation is still unclear.

Results

In this study, the abundance of proteins in endometrium on days 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18 of pregnancy (D9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18) was profiled via iTRAQ technology. The results showed that 25, 55, 103, 91, 100, 120, 149 proteins were up-regulated, and 24, 70, 169, 159, 164, 161, 198 proteins were down-regulated in porcine endometrium on D10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18 compared with that on D9, respectively. Among these differentially abundance proteins (DAPs), Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) results indicated that S100A9, S100A12, HRG and IFI6 were differentially abundance in endometrial during embryo implantation period. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the proteins differentially expressed in the 7 comparisons were involved in important processes and pathways related to immunization, endometrial remodeling, which have a vital effect on embryonic implantation.

Conclusion

Our results reveal that retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) could regulate the cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis of endometrial epithelial cells and endometrial stromal cells to affect embryo implantation. This research also provides resources for studies of proteins in endometrium during early pregnancy.
The impact of urine collection method on canine urinary microbiota detection: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Coffey Emily L. , Gomez Andres M. , Ericsson Aaron C. , Burton Erin N. , Granick Jennifer L. , Lulich Jody P. , Furrow Eva
Published: April 2023

Background

The urinary tract harbors unique microbial communities that play important roles in urogenital health and disease. Dogs naturally suffer from several of the same urological disorders as humans (e.g., urinary tract infections, neoplasia, urolithiasis) and represent a valuable translational model for studying the role of urinary microbiota in various disease states. Urine collection technique represents a critical component of urinary microbiota research study design. However, the impact of collection method on the characterization of the canine urinary microbiota remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether urine collection technique alters the microbial populations detected in canine urine samples. Urine was collected from asymptomatic dogs by both cystocentesis and midstream voiding. Microbial DNA was isolated from each sample and submitted for amplicon sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene, followed by analyses to compare microbial diversity and composition between urine collection techniques.

Results

Samples collected via midstream voiding exhibited significantly higher sequence read counts (P = .036) and observed richness (P = .0024) than cystocentesis urine. Bray Curtis and Unweighted UniFrac measures of beta diversity showed distinct differences in microbial composition by collection method (P = .0050, R2 = 0.06 and P = .010, R2 = 0.07, respectively). Seven taxa were identified as differentially abundant between groups. Pasteurellaceae, Haemophilus, Friedmanniella, two variants of Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium were over-represented in voided urine, while a greater abundance of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia characterized cystocentesis samples. Analyses were performed at five thresholds for minimum sequence depth and using three data normalization strategies to validate results; patterns of alpha and beta diversity remained consistent regardless of minimum read count requirements or normalization method.

Conclusion

Microbial composition differs in canine urine samples collected via cystocentesis as compared to those collected via midstream voiding. Future researchers should select a single urine collection method based on the biological question of interest when designing canine urinary microbiota studies. Additionally, the authors suggest caution when interpreting results across studies that did not utilize identical urine collection methods.