bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencing the Riverscape: An Eco-Spiritual Decoding of Gangetic ‘Triveni-Sangam’ in select writings of Neelum Saran Gour
Authors: Das Chhandita , Tripathi Priyanka
Published: November 2020

Contemporary times have triggered for an interdisciplinary cusp between disciplines that were conventionally read in a hinged academic encore. The Gangetic ‘Triveni-Sangam’ near Allahabad city where three holy rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati converge, is believed to be the holiest riverscape as one drop of amrit (nectar) during ocean churning by Gods and demons fell into its water and therefore, bathing and dipping in this sangam or confluence is considered auspicious. It is not that people only experience such spiritual values, rather internalize the same, even sometimes beyond religious restraints formulating a holistic human and ecological bonding. Therefore, river or for that matter riverscape like sangam transcends the environmental physical boundary to the living one as it shapes people’s experiences and accordingly adds meaning in their lives. Indian English author Neelum Saran Gour’s fictional representation of the riverscape of Gangetic ‘Triveni-Sangam’ in her select writings like Allahabad Aria (2015), Invisible Ink (2015), and Requiem in Raga Janki (2018) are woven within the interdisciplinary framework of ‘eco-spirituality’. The present research will examine how riverscape as an eco-spiritual entity shapes individuals’ experiences and helps them to locate the ‘self’ both in vyashti (the individual) and samashti (the collective) scale.
Mendelssohn, Kant, and Religious Pluralism
Authors: Guyer Paul
Published: November 2020

Two foremost spokesmen for the German Enlightenment, Moses Mendelssohn and Immanuel Kant, continued the defence of the separation of church and state that was at the heart of the Enlightenment in general and advocated by such great predecessors as Roger Williams and John Locke and contemporaries such as James Madison. The difference between Mendelssohn and Kant on which I focus here is that while Mendelssohn argues against his critics that Judaism is the appropriate religion for a specific people without being appropriate for all, thus implying more generally that different religions are appropriate for groups with different histories, Kant argues first that Judaism is not a genuine religion at all, second that Christianity provides the most suitable symbols or aesthetic representations of the core truths of the religion of reason, and finally that in any case all historical religion will ultimately fade away in favour of the pure religion of reason. Kant’s assumptions are tendentious and his conclusion implausible; Mendelssohn’s view that religion and differences of religion are here to stay provides a far stronger basis for genuine toleration and a strict separation of church and state.
IlTeetetoe il suo rapporto con ilCratilo
Authors: Brancacci Aldo
Published: November 2020

With the use of a particular metaphor, which appears at the end of theCratylusand is taken up with perfect symmetry at the beginning of theTheaetetus, Plato certainly wanted to indicate the succession ofCratylus–Theaetetusas an order for reading the two dialogues, which Trasillus faithfully reproduced in structuring the second tetralogy of Platonic dialogues. The claim of the theory of ideas, with which theCratylusends, must therefore be considered the background in which to place not only the analysis of the name carried out in theCratylus, but also the discussion and criticism of the epistemological theories examined and refuted in theTheaetetus. The transition from the discussion of the name to that of thelogosis another important theoretical element that connects the two dialogues. Another one is the theory of knowledge, already precisely elaborated in theCratylus, and taken up and deepened in theTheaetetus. Finally, the theme of false and error is a third theoretical element common to the two dialogues, which, starting fromEuthydemus, finds its solution in theSophist.
Comparison of STM’s reliability system on the example of selected element
Authors: Buda-Ożóg Lidia
Published: November 2020

This paper presents optimization of the reliability system for different Strut and Tie models of beams loaded with a torsional and bending moment. In this paper, three STMs depending on the angle of diagonal strut were compared. The presented beam models have a serial system reliability. In the analyses, the full correlation of the top chord of truss - upper reinforcement, full correlation of bottom chord of truss - compression concrete, full correlation of members mapping individual stirrups and concrete in diagonals between stirrups. Estimation of the reliability of the adopted structures was carried out in a software package of Strurel. The variables of concrete, and steel strength as well as concentrated load magnitude were described by a mean value, a standard deviation and a type of distribution. Summing up the results of the analysis, it was noted, that methods for reliability estimation using information about the model’s reliability structure are an excellent alternative to time consuming simulation methods. These methods allow not only to estimate the reliability of the structure, but also to determine the impact of individual members on the reliability of the entire element.
Free cyclic group actions on highly-connected 2n-manifolds
Authors: Su Yang , Yang Jianqiang
Published: November 2020

In this paper we study smooth orientation-preserving free actions of the cyclic group

ℤ
/
m

{\mathbb{Z}/m}

on a class of

(

n
-
1

)

{(n-1)}

-connected

2
⁢
n

{2n}

-manifolds,

♯
⁡

♯
⁡

g
⁢

(

S
n

×

S
n

)

Σ

{\mathbin{\sharp}g(S^{n}\times S^{n})\mathbin{\sharp}\Sigma}

, where Σ is a homotopy

2
⁢
n

{2n}

-sphere. When

n
=
2

{n=2}

, we obtain a classification up to topological conjugation. When

n
=
3

{n=3}

, we obtain a classification up to smooth conjugation. When

n
≥
4

{n\geq 4}

, we obtain a classification up to smooth conjugation when the prime factors of m are larger than a constant

C
⁢

(
n
)

{C(n)}

.
Seismic prediction of lithofacies heterogeneity in paleogene hetaoyuan shale play, Biyang depression, China
Authors: Li Linjing , Lyu Qiqi , Shang Fei
Published: November 2020

Shale lithofacies identification and prediction are of great importance for the successful shale gas and oil exploration. Based on the well and seismic fine calibration, extraction, and optimization of seismic attributes, root mean square (RMS) amplitude analysis is used to predict the spatial–temporal distribution of various lithofacies in the fifth organic-matter-rich interval, and the prediction results are confirmed by the logging data and geological background. The results indicate that in the early expansion system tract, dolomitic shale and calcareous shale were widely developed and argillaceous shale, silty shale, and argillaceous siltstone only developed in the periphery of deep depression. With the lake level rising, argillaceous shale and calcareous shale were well-developed, and argillaceous shale interbedded with silty shale or argillaceous siltstone developed in deep or semi-deep lake. In the late expansion system tract, argillaceous shale was widely deposited in the deepest sag; calcareous shale presented in eastern sag with belt distribution.
On the generalized nonmeasurability of Vitali sets and Bernstein sets
Authors: Kharazishvili Alexander
Published: November 2020

It is shown that the cardinality of the continuum is not real-valued
measurable if and only if there exists no nonzero σ-finite diffused
measure μ on the real line such that all Vitali sets (respectively all Bernstein
sets) are μ-measurable.
Visible light mediated aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of 2-oxindole-3-carboxylate esters: an alternative approach to 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles
Authors: Wang Jinge , Osman Siyitemer , Lu Xinjiang , Chen Junyi , Xia Xu-Dong
Published: November 2020

A convenient aerobic oxidative hydroxylation of 3-substituted oxindoles under mild reaction conditions is described herein. This process was accomplished by the activation of molecular oxygen in the air in the presence of a photocatalyst under the irradiation of visible light. The desired product was delivered in up to 89% yield without the addition of base or stoichiometric oxidant.
Inheritance of the number of ray flowers in sunflower
Authors: Soroka Anatoliy I. , Boika Olena A. , Lyakh Viktor A.
Published: November 2020

The number, shape, size and color of the sunflower ray flowers are widely used as marker traits in hybrid seed production, for identification of genotypes, in ornamental floriculture. However, there is not enough information about the genetic control of these traits. The inheritance of the number of ray flowers and their absence on inflorescences was studied in cultivated sunflower. In the first case, two inbred lines of mutant origin with a contrasting manifestation of the studied trait were crossed. The F1 hybrid held an intermediate position between the parents, but approached the parental line with a large number of ray flowers. The average value of the number of petals in F2 was close to F1. The study of segregation in F2 showed that the trait “number of ray flowers” is inherited polygenically and controlled by three pairs of non-allelic genes with additive effects. The inheritance of the absence of ray flowers was studied by crossing a line with petals and an apetalous accession. F1 hybrid showed ray flowers, and in F2, segregation close to 42 (with ray flowers): 22 (without ray flowers) was observed. This implies participation of three non-allelic genes in the control of this trait, one of which in a recessive state suppresses the action of two other recessive genes. The revealed patterns of inheritance expand the information in the field of private genetics of sunflower and allow performing more purposeful breeding of this crop.
Effects of metformin and insulin therapy regimens on postpartum oral glucose tolerance test results in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a comparative study
Authors: Jahanshahi Moghadaseh , Shahmirzadi Arash Rezaei , Kashani Elham , Alipoor Reza , Vosough Shoreh
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two regimens of metformin and insulin therapy on postpartum oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

In this single-blind randomized clinical trial (RCT), a total number of 60 pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria were assigned to two groups with a randomized block design (RBD): insulin therapy (IT) group (30 patients) and metformin therapy (MT) group (30 patients). At baseline, the data were comprised of prenatal maternal age, gestational age, GDM diagnosis, and maternal weight/height. During the postpartum period, 5-cc blood samples were taken from the pregnant women concerned to analyze their fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels. Then, the patients were asked to come back four days and six weeks later after delivery to check the OGTT results. At six weeks postpartum, in addition to OGTT, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test was performed for all mothers. Finally, six weeks after delivery, these mothers were evaluated with regard to weight loss and body mass index (BMI).

Results

Six weeks postpartum, the maternal weight and BMI significantly decreased in the MT group compared with the IT one, while there was no significant difference between both groups at baseline. On the fourth day, the OGTT results in the MT group were significantly lower in comparison with those in the IT group (p=0.012). At sixth weeks postpartum, the OGTT results were comparably lower in the MT group than those reported for the IT one; however, such a difference was not statistically significant (p=0.087).

Conclusions

According to the study results, metformin could be an effective and safe treatment for pregnant women suffering from GDM instead of insulin therapy.
What’s so funny? Adaptive versus maladaptive humor styles as mediators between early maladaptive schemas and resilience
Authors: McCullars Adrianne , Richie Fallon J. , Klibert Jeffrey J. , Langhinrichsen-Rohling Jennifer
Published: November 2020

This study examined whether different humor styles (adaptive vs. maladaptive) mediate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and current levels of resilience. Results from a sample of 511 college students indicated that individuals endorsing EMS were significantly more likely to engage in maladaptive humor and significantly less likely to engage in adaptive humor, both of which predicted decreased resilience. Interestingly, affiliative, self-enhancing, and aggressive humor styles each significantly partially mediated the relationship between EMS and resilience. The partial mediation suggests that lower levels of affiliative and self-enhancing humor and higher levels of aggressive humor may be mechanisms by which EMS influences resiliency. To the extent that clinical interventions can incorporate and explore one’s awareness of their usage of humor, individuals with maladaptive humor styles, particularly those endorsing EMS, may experience benefits from re-focusing on adaptive humor styles. This study highlights the clinical importance of assessing for and focusing on distinct humor styles when promoting overall wellness.
Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the formation and structural properties of peanut protein gels
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhang Junting , Li Suhong , Zhang Chunhong
Published: November 2020

The limited enzymatic hydrolysis gelation method was investigated using peanut protein isolate (PPI) without any coagulators. A peanut protein gel could be formed by enzyme treatment with Alcalase at low temperature (50–70 °C). The influence of enzymatic hydrolysis on the rheological and physicochemical properties was investigated. Structural changes in the PPI were characterized by analyzing the subunits, chemical forces, surface hydrophobicity, fluorescence spectra, and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The results revealed that enzymatic hydrolysis significantly affected the conarachin II protein of PPI, and had little influence on conarachin I and the basic subunits of arachin. Hydrophobic interaction was the main chemical force active in the peanut protein gel. An increase in the surface hydrophobicity coupled with red-shifts of the fluorescence spectra indicated that inner hydrophobic regions were exposed after hydrolysis, resulting in gel formation via hydrophobic interactions. The CD spectra showed that significant changes occurred in the secondary structure of PPI, where the ordered PPI structure formed a more open structure after enzymatic hydrolysis.
Effect of Vitamin D status on QTc interval in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ravichandran Suresh , Srivastav Shival , Haridas Kamble Prathamesh , Shukla Ravindra , Sharma Praveen , Sharma Rajesh
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with autonomic neuropathy and metabolic abnormalities. These predispose the patients to prolongation of QTc and risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Vitamin D may also cause QTc prolongation. We hypothesized that concomitant Vitamin D deficiency and Type 2 DM may act in synergy to prolong QTc interval.

Methods

Newly diagnosed Type 2 DM patients were recruited from Department of Endocrinology. Lead II ECG was acquired for 5 min during supine rest using a digital data acquisition system. QTc interval extraction was performed using software. 25-hydroxy Vitamin D estimation was done using Chemiluminescence method. Patients were divided into two groups- Vitamin D deficient and insufficient (VDD/I) and optimal (VDO) as per standard criteria. QTc intervals were compared between the two groups.

Results

Sixty-five patients participated in the study. Age was comparable between the groups (p=0.67, Unpaired t-test). There was no significant difference amongst QTc intervals between the groups (p=0.19, Mann Whitney test). Also, there was no significant correlation between Vitamin D levels and QTc intervals assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Conclusions

While it seems plausible, coexisting Vitamin D deficiency and Type 2 DM probably do not act in synergy to prolong QTc interval. These findings merit future research on larger cohorts to investigate the relationship between Vitamin D status and newly diagnosed Type 2 DM on QTc intervals.
On the Monotonicity of a Nondifferentially Mismeasured Binary Confounder
Authors: Peña Jose M.
Published: November 2020

Suppose that we are interested in the average causal effect of a binary treatment on an outcome when this relationship is confounded by a binary confounder. Suppose that the confounder is unobserved but a nondifferential proxy of it is observed. We show that, under certain monotonicity assumption that is empirically verifiable, adjusting for the proxy produces a measure of the effect that is between the unadjusted and the true measures.
England and the Catholic Reformation: The Peripheries Strike Back
Authors: Kelly James E.
Published: November 2020

Although the Protestant Reformation has traditionally been the focus of research on early modern England, the last two decades have witnessed a rapid increase in scholarship on the experience of the country’s Catholics. Questions surrounding the implementation of the Catholic Reformation in England have been central since the topic’s inception as a subject of academic interest, and the field has more recently captured the attention of, amongst others, literary scholars, musicologists and those working on visual and material culture. This article is a position paper that argues early modern English Catholicism, though not doing away with all continuities from before the country’s definitive break with Rome, was fully engaged with the global Catholic Reformation, both being influenced by it, but also impacting its progression. Whether through reading and writing, or more physical expressions of mission and reform, English Catholicism was a vital part of the wider Catholic Reformation.
The End of the Age of Reformation? 2017 as an Ecumenical Approach to the Reformation
Authors: Frank Günter
Published: November 2020

What was the message of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation in 2017 in Germany? In preparation for the jubilee, there was an intensive debate on how to commemorate this anniversary. Critical examinations by historians warned about personalizing this anniversary too much by showing that the anniversaries in the past were usually politically “exploited.” In the end, it became clear for several reasons that an adequate commemoration of the Reformation jubilee today could be justifiable only in an ecumenical celebration serving both commemoration and reconciliation. In this regard, the 2017 jubilee was the first Reformation anniversary to be commemorated ecumenically. And in this respect, the year 2017 marks the end of the controversial age of Reformation.
Problems with the Interpretation of the “Slovak Reformation”
Authors: Kowalská Eva
Published: November 2020

Structural problems of communities affected by the “Slovak Reformation,” issues with accepting the situation or simply the relationships among various cultural phenomena, like literacy or language policies, are key aspects in studying the impact of the Reformation in Hungary, especially with respect to Slovaks. Information gathered from the Reformation had a direct and long-lasting impact on the formation of vernacular language, as well as on the search for and the construction of an ethnic identity. Searching for evidence left by the Slovak presence in the Reformation movement thus presents challenging though notable problems for Slovak historiography. The confessional division and its political as well as cultural implications have evoked long-lasting discussions among historians as well as politicians. This study focuses on the most relevant issues within these processes.
Deconstructing the Protestant Liberation of the Bible: The Case of the Low Countries
Authors: François Wim
Published: November 2020

The Grand Narrative of the liberation of Scripture has long taken for granted that the late medieval Catholic Church took a negative, if not repressive, attitude towards vernacular Bible reading; that the Scriptures were only opened up for the masses with the advent of Luther and the Reformers; and that the Catholic authorities reacted by intensifying their repressive policy. Though explicitly criticized in scholarly literature over the last decade, this Grand Narrative, or Protestant Paradigm, continues to pop up in confessionally-colored scholarly publications, as well as in accounts of the Reformation that are destined for a general audience. The present essay examines three incarnations of the Grand Narrative in Dutch Protestant Bible culture. Firstly, it has been argued that the Bibles published by William Vorsterman (not only the edition of 1528, but all subsequent editions) betray sympathies with the upcoming Reformation; secondly, that the printer-publisher Jacob van Liesvelt was beheaded on account of the protestantizing marginal glosses in his Bibles, especially the 1542 edition; and thirdly, that his widow Maria Ancxt continued to print Protestant Bibles from the late 1540s until the early 1560s, in obvious violation of the anti-heresy edicts, yet without being harassed by the Antwerp authorities. The aim of this article is to debunk these incarnations of the Grand Narrative.
A classification of the abelian minimal closed normal subgroups of locally compact second-countable groups
Authors: Reid Colin D.
Published: November 2020

We classify the locally compact second-countable (l.c.s.c.) groups 𝐴 that are abelian and topologically characteristically simple. All such groups 𝐴 occur as the monolith of some soluble l.c.s.c. group 𝐺 of derived length at most 3; with known exceptions (specifically, when 𝐴 isQn\mathbb{Q}^{n}or its dual for somen∈Nn\in\mathbb{N}), we can take 𝐺 to be compactly generated. This amounts to a classification of the possible isomorphism types of abelian chief factors of l.c.s.c. groups, which is of particular interest for the theory of compactly generated locally compact groups.
Inverse problem for a degenerate/singular parabolic system with Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Alaoui Mohammed , Hajjaj Abdelkarim , Maniar Lahcen , Salhi Jawad
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we study an inverse source problem for a degenerate and singular parabolic system where the boundary conditions are of Neumann type.
We consider a problem with degenerate diffusion coefficients and singular lower-order terms, both vanishing at an interior point of the space domain.
In particular, we address the question of well-posedness of the problem, and then we prove a stability estimate of Lipschitz type in determining the source term by data of only one component.
Our method is based on Carleman estimates, cut-off procedures and a reflection technique.
Imaging of bi-anisotropic periodic structures from electromagnetic near-field data
Authors: Nguyen Dinh-Liem , Truong Trung
Published: November 2020

This paper is concerned with the inverse scattering problem for the three-dimensional Maxwell equations in bi-anisotropic periodic structures.
The inverse scattering problem aims to determine the shape of bi-anisotropic periodic scatterers from electromagnetic near-field data at a fixed frequency.
The factorization method is studied as an analytical and numerical tool for solving the inverse problem.
We provide a rigorous justification of the factorization method which results in the unique determination and a fast imaging algorithm for the periodic scatterer.
Numerical examples for imaging three-dimensional periodic structures are presented to examine the efficiency of the method.
Initial development of the Dance Imagery Questionnaire for Children (DIQ-C): establishing content validity
Authors: Muir Irene , Munroe-Chandler Krista
Published: November 2020

Given the differences between young dancers’ and adult dancers’ use of imagery, a valid and reliable questionnaire specific to young dancers was necessary. The current study is the first phase of a multi-phase study in the development of the Dance Imagery Questionnaire for Children (DIQ-C). Specifically, the purpose of this study was to establish content validity of the DIQ-C. This was achieved through the following three stages: (1) definition, item, and scale development, (2) assessment of item clarity and appropriateness via cognitive interviews, and (3) assessment of item-content relevance via an expert rating panel. Guided by previous qualitative research with young dancers, 46 items representing seven subscales (i.e., imagery types) were developed. The initial item pool was then implemented during cognitive interviews with 16 dancers (15 females; M
age=10.63, SD=1.82), which led to the removal of 13 items and the modification of 21 items. Consequently, the revised 33-item pool was then administered to an expert panel of four imagery researchers and four dance instructors to measure item-content relevance. This resulted in the removal of eight items, the revision of four items, and the merging of two subscales. Overall, the current study provides content validity evidence for a 25-item pool (representing five subscales) to be used in further development of the DIQ-C (i.e., identifying and establishing factor structure).
Is the truthfulness of a proposition verifiable through access to reference corpora?
Authors: Milojkovic Marija
Published: November 2020

This paper reviews Louw’s (1993 and subsequent publications) deployment of reference corpora in the light of existing philosophical and linguistic milestones when it comes to the notion of the truthfulness of a proposition. Louw (William Ernest. 1993. Irony in the text or insincerity in the writer? The diagnostic potential of semantic prosodies. In Mona Baker, Gill Francis & Elena Tognini-Bonelli (eds.), Text and technology: In honour of John Sinclair, 152–176. Amsterdam: John Benjamins) resorts to reference corpora in order either to explicate a rhetorical device (in Louw 1993, that of irony) or to attempt to reveal the true attitude of the speaker to his/her own proposition (including instances of insincerity). Using two methods (co-selection and wildcarding), an author’s collocational patterns in context are checked against those in the reference corpus, also in context. The frequent lexical variables of grammar strings are taken to represent that string’s corpus-derived subtext. Recently, Louw’s Contextual Prosodic Theory (CPT) has revealed the mechanism of prospection, whereby the grammatical pattern in the first line of a poem anticipates by its most frequent lexical collocates the themes in the remainder of the poem (Louw, Bill & Milojkovic, Marija. 2016. Corpus stylistics as contextual prosodic theory and subtext, 176–183. Amsterdam: John Benjamins). The philosophical background of Louw’s CPT is the works of Frege, Russell and Wittgenstein (Louw, William Ernest. 2010a. Collocation as instrumentation for meaning: A scientific fact. In Willie van Peer, Vander Viana & Sonia Zyngier (eds.), Literary education and digital learning: methods and technologies for humanities studies, 79–101. Hershey, PA: IGI Global and subsequent works) and could be said to be in need of further explanation and illustration. The paper discusses Louw’s take on insincerity (1993) as the speaker’s attitude to the truthfulness of her own statement from the point of view of Frege’s Sinn/Bedeutung distinction, Russell’s logical language, and Wittgenstein’s attitude to the relationship between language and reality. Since prospection may be considered objective proof of the effectiveness of Louw’s approach, an instance of prospection from a poem by Brodsky is used to show that Wittgenstein’s concern for the truthfulness of propositions may be viewed as both the guarantor and the beneficiary of Louw’s views. Additionally, the paper presents an example of prospection in the first line of a novel, Don DeLillo’s White Noise. However, other grammatical patterns in the passage studied in this paper do not contain deviations from the corpus norm, which conforms to the existing commentary on DeLillo in the field of literary criticism. The paper concludes by stating that reference corpora used inductively (Louw, William Ernest. 2017. Uneasy humour as discovery: Collocation and empathy as Whewellian consilience. Studying Humour: International Journal 4) may shed light on the speaker’s attitude to the truthfulness of their own statement.
Literary meaning as character conceptualization: Re-orienting the cognitive stylistic analysis of character discourse and Free Indirect Thought
Authors: Rundquist Eric
Published: November 2020

This article establishes the theoretical bases for a more direct and detailed exploration of fictional minds in cognitive stylistics. This discipline usually analyzes narrative discourse in terms of how readers process language and conceptualize narrative meaning, treating literary language more or less explicitly as a window into readers’ mental experiences. However, it is also possible to treat literary language as a window into characters’ minds, which, in spite of their obvious fictionality, could enhance the potential for cognitive linguistic analysis to inform our understanding of the human mind and consciousness more generally. This article explores the nature of linguistic meaning in different speech and thought presentation techniques primarily through the lens of Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar, ultimately prioritizing the representational semantics of Free Indirect Thought. It proposes a more precise understanding of the concept of ‘conceptualizer’ which would validate a type of mind style analysis that is more narrowly focused on illuminating the underlying mental activity of fictional characters instead of readers. It demonstrates this type of focus with a brief analysis of a passage from Charles Jackson’s The Lost Weekend.
Discretisation and Product Distributions in Ring-LWE
Authors: Murphy Sean , Player Rachel
Published: November 2020

A statistical framework applicable to Ring-LWE was outlined by Murphy and Player (IACR eprint 2019/452). Its applicability was demonstrated with an analysis of the decryption failure probability for degree-1 and degree-2 ciphertexts in the homomorphic encryption scheme of Lyubashevsky, Peikert and Regev (IACR eprint 2013/293). In this paper, we clarify and extend results presented by Murphy and Player. Firstly, we make precise the approximation of the discretisation of a Normal random variable as a Normal random variable, as used in the encryption process of Lyubashevsky, Peikert and Regev. Secondly, we show how to extend the analysis given by Murphy and Player to degree-k ciphertexts, by precisely characterising the distribution of the noise in these ciphertexts.
One Bit is All It Takes: A Devastating Timing Attack on BLISS’s Non-Constant Time Sign Flips
Authors: Tibouchi Mehdi , Wallet Alexandre
Published: November 2020

As one of the most efficient lattice-based signature schemes, and one of the only ones to have seen deployment beyond an academic setting (e.g., as part of the VPN software suite strongSwan), BLISS has attracted a significant amount of attention in terms of its implementation security, and side-channel vulnerabilities of several parts of its signing algorithm have been identified in previous works. In this paper, we present an even simpler timing attack against it. The bimodal Gaussian distribution that BLISS is named after is achieved using a random sign flip during signature generation, and neither the original implementation of BLISS nor strongSwan ensure that this sign flip is carried out in constant time. It is therefore possible to recover the corresponding sign through side-channel leakage (using, e.g., cache attacks or branch tracing). We show that obtaining this single bit of leakage (for a moderate number of signatures) is in fact sufficient for a full key recovery attack. The recovery is carried out using a maximum likelihood estimation on the space of parameters, which can be seen as a statistical manifold. The analysis of the attack thus reduces to the computation of the Fisher information metric.
Cassirer, der Grundlagenstreit und die „idealen Elemente“ der Mathematik
Authors: Neuber Matthias C.
Published: November 2020

This paper shows that Cassirer’s philosophy of mathematics underwent a significant transformation by the end of the 1920s. This transformation was due to Cassirer’s reception of the ‘foundational crisis’ within mathematics itself. David Hilbert’s conception of the ‘ideal elements’ of mathematics attracted Cassirer’s particular attention. Indeed, he sought a ‘transcendental deduction’ of these elements. Reflection on this issue is therefore essential to providing an adequate interpretation of the later Cassirer’s enterprise in the philosophy of mathematics.
Equivalent varieties for culture-specific words in Chinese-English dictionaries
Authors: LI Qian , XIA Yun
Published: November 2020

Given the popularity of Chinese culture among learners of Chinese as a Foreign language (CFL), a quality bilingual dictionary is of significance to provide cultural information for language activities. The present study collects a group of typical Chinese culture-specific words (CSWs) and examines the adoption of different equivalent varieties in four Chinese-English dictionaries when dealing with those CSWs. It shows that firstly, while borrowing turns out to be the least used way in the bilingual dictionaries, a combination of equivalents (either translational or explanatory) plus explanation is the major means adopted by Chinese bilingual lexicographers. Secondly, as compared to the dictionaries for general purposes, those intended for CFL learners prefer to include more CSWs and provide a larger amount of encyclopedic explanation for user’s orientation. Finally, the inappropriateness of some translational or explanatory equivalents suggests the necessity for a close scrutiny of various aspects in the process of equivalent identification, including sense discrimination between different TL words, context information of the potential equivalents, and cultural connotation of each constituent part of a TL equivalent. It is hoped that these findings may contribute to the improvement of Chinese-English learner’s dictionaries in the future.
The presentation of information in bilingual online dictionaries: The case of culture-specific phraseological units
Authors: Vrbinc Marjeta , Vrbinc Alenka
Published: November 2020

Language and culture are closely connected, which is clearly reflected in many phraseological units (PUs). PUs are rarely used outside the language community in which they developed, thus causing comprehension problems to non-native speakers on account of their cultural specificity. That is why dictionaries should include cultural information to enable the users to learn about the cultural background of PUs. In online bilingual phraseological dictionaries, this type of information is of secondary importance if compared with dictionary equivalents, which are of primary importance. The aim of this article is to discuss types of additional information regarded as being of secondary importance and accessible by clicking on extra buttons, the focus being on the presentation of the cultural component. The language pair of sample entries illustrating the use of extra buttons is English and Slovenian, but the same principle could be employed in other language pairs with the necessary language-specific modifications and adaptations.
First record of a Nicobar treeshrew nest in a fallen palm tree
Authors: Kamalakannan Manokaran , G. Gokulakrishnan , C. Venkatraman , C. Sivaperuman , Chandra Kailash
Published: November 2020

The Nicobar treeshrew Tupaia nicobarica (Zelebor 1869) is an endemic species found in the Great & Little Nicobar Islands in the Andaman Sea, India. A unique nest site of an adult male of Nicobar treeshrew was directly recorded which was found in a fallen dead palm tree at the littoral forests of Galathea National Park, Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve.
Degradation of connexin 50 protein causes waterclefts in human lens
Authors: Nakazawa Yosuke , Shibata Teppei , Nagai Noriaki , Kubo Eri , Tamura Hiroomi , Sasaki Hiroshi
Published: November 2020

Cataracts are mainly classified into three types: cortical cataracts, nuclear cataracts, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. In addition, retrodots and waterclefts are cataract subtypes that cause decreased visual function. To maintain an orderly and tightly packed arrangement to minimize light scattering, adhesion molecules such as connexins and aquaporin 0 (AQP0) are highly expressed in the lens. We hypothesized that some main and/or subcataract type(s) are correlated with adhesion molecule degradation. Lens samples were collected from cataract patients during cataract surgery, and mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The mRNA levels of adhesion molecules were not significantly different among any cataract types. Moreover, AQP0 and connexin 46 protein expressions were unchanged among patients. However, connexin 50 protein level was significantly decreased in the lens of patients with WC cataract subtype. P62 and LC3B proteins were detected in the WC patients’ lenses, but not in other patients’ lenses. These results suggest that more research is needed on the subtypes of cataracts besides the three major types of cataract for tailor-made cataract therapy.
Differenzielle Abschreckbarkeit als Evidenzgrundlage negativer Generalprävention – Eine Bestandsaufnahme der kriminologischen Wissensbasis
Authors: Hirtenlehner Helmut
Published: November 2020

Die Abschreckungsdoktrin setzt auf Sanktionsfurcht als Mittel zur Eindämmung von Kriminalität. So plausibel die Hypothese, Furcht vor staatlicher Strafe würde Delinquenz verhindern, auch klingt: Empirische Forschung zeichnet ein eher ernüchterndes Bild von den kriminalpräventiven Erträgen angedrohter gerichtlicher Bestrafung. Aus dem Bereich der negativen Generalprävention entfaltet allenfalls die Sanktionierungswahrscheinlichkeit einen mäßigen Verhaltenslenkungseffekt. Das mehrheitliche Ausbleiben nennenswerter Abschreckungserfolge muss aber nicht bedeuten, dass formalen Sanktionierungsrisiken jeglicher Steuerungswert abzusprechen ist. Unter dem Leitkonzept der differenziellen Abschreckbarkeit durchgeführte »Perceptual Deterrence Research« verwirft die Annahme, Abschreckung wirke auf alle Menschen gleich, um sich Bemühungen zur Eingrenzung der für Abschreckungsbotschaften zugänglichen Teilgruppen der Bevölkerung zu widmen. Die hier vorgenommene Sichtung des gesammelten Forschungsstandes zeigt, dass Sanktionsrisikoeffekte über Personen, Situationen und Delikte hinweg variieren. Individuen mit geringer Normakzeptanz, niedriger Selbstkontrolle und zahlreichen Freundschaftskontakten zu delinquenzaffinen Gleichaltrigen können als in einem gehobenen Maße durch ihre Sanktionsrisikowahrnehmung beeinflussbar identifiziert werden. Wenn Menschen mit einer erhöhten Tendenz zur Kriminalität moderat anfällig für Steuerungswirkungen der perzipierten Bestrafungswahrscheinlichkeit sind, attestiert dies der negativen Generalprävention eine gewisse Tauglichkeit als Instrument der Sekundärprävention, welche auf das Management kriminogener Dynamiken in Risikogruppen zielt.
Zu den Auswirkungen der Inhaftierung Straffälliger auf Familienangehörige
Authors: Kury Helmut , Kuhlmann Annette
Published: November 2020

Die Diskussion um Straftäter und Kriminalität konzentriert sich in der Öffentlichkeit – vielfach auch in der Fachliteratur – auf das aktuelle Kriminalitätsgeschehen, die begangenen Straftaten und die ausgesprochenen Sanktionen. Unberücksichtigt bleibt dabei oft die hinsichtlich der Kriminalprävention ausgesprochen wichtige Frage, vor welchem Hintergrund sich das straffällige Verhalten beim Täter entwickelt hat. Weiterhin bleiben vor allem auch die Kollateralschäden einer Sanktion – etwa einer Inhaftierung – auf vorhandene Familienmitglieder, vor allem auch Kinder weitgehend unbeachtet. Es wird ein kurzer Überblick gegeben über vorhandene Forschungsergebnisse zu den Folgen von Freiheitsstrafen für die Frauen und Kinder der Inhaftierten insbesondere aus Deutschland und den USA. Bisherige Untersuchungen zeigen deutlich, dass die Inhaftierung eines Elternteils, vor allem der Mutter, in aller Regel sehr negative Auswirkungen auf die Sozialisation der Kinder hat, vor allem etwa auch zu einer delinquenten kindlichen Entwicklung beitragen kann. Hierbei ist zu beachten, dass Inhaftierte weitgehend aus benachteiligten sozialen Verhältnissen kommen, vielfach ein breites Muster von Verhaltensproblemen wie Gewalt oder Substanzmissbrauch zeigen, was mit zu einer Weitergabe des abweichenden Verhaltens an die nächste Generation beiträgt.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Children’s and Adolescents’ Rights
Authors: Gheaus Anca , Hohl Sabine
Published: November 2020

Recent philosophical work on children and childhood has revealed many new questions concerning minors’ rights. This special issue of Moral Philosophy and Politics offers new contributions to the topics of paternalism, the nature of the right to parent and children’s voting. It also contains articles about the so far less explored questions of adolescents’ parental rights, minors’ rights against the harms of parental imprisonment, and their right to veto their own parents’ decision to relocate.
On Global Plasticity: Framing the Global Through Affective Materiality
Authors: McKay Deirdre , Stanes Elyse , Githua Nicole , Lei Xiaoyu , Dixon Simon
Published: November 2020

As a pervasive, material element of the global, plastics raise potent social and environmental questions. More than merely the “stuff” of potential global prosperity, plastics are substances that people inscribe with varied cultural meanings. Deploying four conceptual “entry points” for global research, we explore how global plastics have become not only a site of an emergent socioecological crisis but themselves a point of leverage for a more humanized globalization. We approach the problem first as an exercise in reframing, shifting our viewpoint away from debates on waste to re-examine ideas of culture and symbolism. Then, working through the entry points of the particular, materiality and affect, we ground our argument in examples from the contemporary pandemic response, earlier ethnographic work, and our own ethnographic projects. We show how plastics have failed people’s desires for a durable modernity, but nonetheless come to shape the ways they feel and think about themselves and each other as sharing responsibility for a global world.
A transparent polyurethane based on nanosilica in reinforcing papers
Authors: Jin Shanshan , Qi Yingping , Shen Yongfeng , Li Hua
Published: November 2020

Paper has been the most significant carrier of written information for many centuries. To prolong the life expectancy of papers, the polyurethane based on nanosilica was used to strengthen the paper fibers in this work. The relation between the mass concentration of polyurethane based on nanosilica and the specific properties of papers (e. g., folding endurance, tensile strength, tearing strength, whiteness and glossiness) were investigated. In addition, the effect of polyurethane based on nanosilica on the acid/alkali resistance and ageing resistance were studied. The results showed that polyurethane based on nanosilica could significantly improve the mechanical properties and ageing resistance of papers.
Paul and the Plea for Contingency in Contemporary Philosophy: A Philosophical and Anthropological Critique
Authors: Gevorkyan Sofya , Segovia Carlos A.
Published: November 2020

Our purpose in this study – which stands at the crossroads of contemporary philosophy, anthropology, and religious studies – is to assess critically the plea for radical contingency in contemporary thought, with special attention to the work of Meillassoux, in light, among other things, of the symptomatic presence of Pauline motifs in the late twentieth to early twenty first-century philosophical arena, from Vattimo to Agamben and especially Badiou. Drawing on Aristotle’s treatment of τύχη and Hilan Bensusan’s neo-monadology (as well as on the network biology of David George Haskell, Scott Gilbert’s holobiont hypothesis, and Terrence Deacon’s teleo-dynamics), we ask what is missing in such plea, from a theoretical standpoint. Next, we examine the relation between radical contingency and worldlessness in dialogue with Leroi-Gourhan’s theory of biocultural evolution, Lévi-Strauss’s structural anthropology, Pierre Clastres’s ethnography, Heidegger’s philosophy of language, and contemporary authors like Eduardo Viveiros de Castro and Patrice Maniglier. These two parallel lines of inquiry help us explore what radical contingency, in turn, prevents us from thinking: the intersection of ontology, cosmopolitics, and modality.
The Phenomenal Aspects of Irony according to Søren Kierkegaard
Authors: Gołębiewska Maria
Published: November 2020

The aim of the text is to characterise some phenomenal aspects of irony (particularly, of the ironic speech acts), which may be found in the Kierkegaardian reflection concerning diverse ironic attitudes of individuals, mainly of Christians. The constant assumptions in Søren Kierkegaard’s various output – in pseudonymous works, those signed with his own name, in “edifying discourses” and other religious texts –include the teleological conception of the sense of human being and existence. According to the philosopher, this sense is determined by the individually chosen and subjectively accepted goal of existence, related to the indicated three stages of life. This is the goal of a person who lives their mortal existence between joke and despair, at an ironic and sceptical distance from rash judgements and generalisations, and at the same time in fear of mundane threats and in fear of God. With the ambiguity of the category of existence, researchers combine an ironic attitude which, according to Kierkegaard, would characterise our way of existence together with its cognition and which would be connected with the conception of subjective truth as based on paradox. Kierkegaard wrote about ironic engagement and at the same time distance, about a positive ironic attitude towards the world of the here and now – a mundane immanent reality. According to Kierkegaard, the ironic attitude is closely related to dialectics, which he understood in a specific way – the structures of repetition and doubling are dialectic, and this dialectics may be found, among other things, in communication and in irony as a specific relation between thought and language. One must highlight that Kierkegaard considered two general types of irony: verbal (logical, rhetorical and poetic) and situational (existential), ultimately pointing out their religious aspects. The final part of the article describes different interconnections between the logical plus rhetorical aspects of irony and the issue of religious engagement of individuals (Christians) – their ironic entanglement in the relations between faith and knowledge, faith and doubt, mundane immanent world and transcendent universe.