bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study
Authors: Suryanti Putu Emy , Sari Komang Ayu Kartika , Januraga Pande Putu , Lubis Dinar
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program.Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.
The determinants of early breast cancer detection via breast self-examination (BSE) in Denpasar, Bali
Authors: Febriyanti Ni Made Ari , Lubis Dinar , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu , Karmaya Mangku
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and purpose: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in females, followed by colorectal cancer. Early detection of breast cancer can be done through breast self-examination (BSE). BSE behaviour is influenced by an individual’s level of knowledge and perceptions of the procedure. This study examines the determinants of BSE behaviour in married women aged 15-49 in six villages in the working area of Puskesmas (public health centre) II in West Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was employed with 180 respondents selected by multistage random sampling. Data were collected using standardised questionnaire carried out from November-December 2016. Multiple poisson regression was used to identify the determinants of the BSE behaviours.Results: The proportion of respondents who performed BSE in the three months prior to interview is 55.6%, and, of these, 50.0% reported performing BSE regularly. Multivariate analysis shows the significant determinants of BSE are: high-school and above (APR= 2.03; 95%CI:1.41 to 2.92); having a good knowledge of BSE (APR=1.41; 95%CI:1.09 to 1.82); perceived benefits  (APR=2, 24; 95%CI:1.53-3.29); perceived low barrier (APR=1.63; 95%CI:1.16-2.29); and high self-efficacy (APR=1.50;95%CI:1.16-1.95).Conclusions: Level of education, good knowledge of BSE, perceived benefits, perceived low barriers, and high level of self-efficacy are the significant determinants of BSE practice. These findings suggest that education on BSE should be enhanced, particularly for women with lower levels of education.
Readiness to change towards accredited public health centres (PHCs) in West Lombok
Authors: Santiana I Made , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri , Duarsa Dyah Pradnyaparamita
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and purpose: The 2016 Report of Performance Accountability of Government Agencies, Ministry of Health of Indonesia showed only a small proportion of public health centres (PHCs) are accredited. In West Lombok District, some PHCs are not accredited. This study aims to examine factors associated with PHC’s staff readiness for accreditation.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was employed involving seven non-accredited PHCs. A total of 165 out of 310 PHC’s staff were recruited using a systematic random sampling. Data was collected from February to March 2017. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, duration of service, content, process, and context changes, individual attributes, and readiness to change. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between readiness to change with independent variables.Results: As many as 72.1% of respondents are ready to change. From the change efficacy and appropriateness dimensions, as many as 46.1% and 97.0% of respondents are ready to change. Multivariate analysis shows an association between readiness to change with administrative systems (AOR=4.47; 95%CI: 2.05-9.74) and working procedure (AOR=2.95; 95%CI: 1.19-7.30). There is no significant association between readiness to change with technological improvement, promotional strategy, staff engagement, organisational commitment and managerial support from health offices.Conclusions: The readiness to change among PHC’s staff is high. The availability of working procedure and administrative systems improves PHC’s staff readiness for the accreditation. These findings suggest the importance of inclusion of all PHC’s staff during the accreditation processes.
A visit to The Doctor
Authors: Zaharias George
Published: September 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Whether the arts have any value in the medical curriculum continues to be debated. This article presents the author's views on the use of the arts, the principal contention being that the arts (the humanities) can teach us a lot about the art of medicine. In this article, Thomas Fildes' painting, The Doctor, and Randa Haines' film of the same name are referenced to demonstrate how the arts may be utilized in order to create broader awareness and understanding and ultimately, transformational learning and change, two quite powerful outcomes. How the arts should be incorporated into the medical curriculum and how they should be taught are definite issues. This article makes recommendations with respect to some of the difficulties associated with both.
Medical humanities in a rapidly changing world. Is there any worth in it?
Authors: Morera Serna Eduardo
Published: September 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Humanism has shaped mankind during the last centuries, but technology and recent social changes have shifted the paradigm towards a data driven society where humans are no longer at the center of the world. Medicine is not alien to this new situation; clinical practice is rapidly changing, and medical curricula must adapt to it. Is there any place for humanities in medical training? In this paper we analyze the present situation of humanism in a technology flooded health environment, the roll of humanities in contemporary medical curricula and we propose a series of measures to be taken with the purpose of educating the next generation of doctors.
Avaliação das complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes idosos submetidos à parotidectomia.
Authors: Bohatch Júnior Milton Sérgio , Mendes Ramon Alves , da-Silva Amanda Fernandes Vidal , Lorenzini Mariana Simonato , Dohler Andre Wolf , Graciano Agnaldo José
Published: September 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar subtipos histológicos mais incidentes e as principais complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes idosos portadores de tumor de parótida e submetidos à parotidectomia. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de 57 pacientes idosos submetidos à parotidectomia, no período de 2003 a 2017, no Hospital Municipal São José de Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: trinta e três (57,9%) pacientes tinham tumores benignos, sendo o mais frequente o tumor de Warthin, e 17(29,8%) tumores malignos, sendo o carcinoma escamoso o mais frequente. Sete (12,3%) pacientes evoluíram com complicações clínicas, sendo a labilidade pressórica e as complicações respiratórias as mais incidentes em quatro (7%) e três (5,3%) casos, respectivamente. Treze (22,1%) pacientes apresentaram complicações cirúrgicas relacionadas à ferida operatória, sendo o hematoma e a infecção de ferida as mais incidentes, com seis (10,5%) casos cada. Vinte e quatro (42,1%) pacientes tiveram algum grau de disfunção do nervo facial no pós-operatório, sendo o grau III de Brackman-House, em 11 casos (19,3%), o mais frequente. O tempo cirúrgico e a linfadenectomia mostraram associação com complicações clínicas. As principais variáveis que apresentaram associação com complicações cirúrgicas foram: tamanho do tumor, tempo cirúrgico mais longo, reoperação e volume de infusão de cristaloides no transoperatório. Conclusão: as neoplasias parotídeas apresentam perfil diferenciado na população idosa, destacando-se o tumor de Warthin e o carcinoma escamoso. Hematoma e infecção da ferida operatória, e as lesões do nervo facial foram as complicações mais prevalentes no pós-operatório.
The presence of plasmids in Aeromonas hydrophila and its relationship with antimicrobial and heavy metal-resistance profiles
Authors: Freitas Mariana Ramos , Freire Naiana Braga , Peixoto Luciana Jatobá e Silva , Oliveira Samira Teixeira Leal de , Souza Renilde Cordeiro de , Gouveia João José de Simoni , Costa Mateus Matiuzzi da , Gouveia Gisele Veneroni
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: Aeromonas hydrophila is a common fish pathogen that causes extensive damage to aquaculture. To develop and implement a more adequate strategy to farm fish, it is crucial to understand the bacterial-resistance levels and their transference dynamics. The objective of this study was to analyze the resistance profile of isolated Aeromonas hydrophila to antimicrobial agents and heavy metals and draw a correlation of the observed profiles with the presence of plasmids. Resistance of the isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents (oxacilin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid) and heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, and manganese) was verified using the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) standards. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MAR Index) was calculated. Plasmids were extracted by using a common methodology described elsewhere. Mann-Whitney Test, implemented in the R environment, was used to determine the correlation between resistance and plasmids presence. A high resistance to almost all antimicrobial agents and heavy metals was observed, except to gentamicin and cadmium. The MAR index results showed resistance to all antimicrobial profiles. Of the isolated bacteria, 14 showed the presence of plasmids. However, no correlation was noted between the resistance profile and the plasmid presence for these isolates, indicating that the genes responsible for resistance to microbial agents and heavy metals are present in the cromossomic DNA, which in turn suggested the possibility of gene transfer between the isolated bacteria. The resistance to heavy metals can be linked to heavy utilization of fertilizers along the Sao Francisco River.
Mutton mortadella supplemented with yacón meal
Authors: Santos Júnior Alexandre Cristiano , Henry Fábio da Costa , Maia Júnior Jonhny de Azevedo , Moulin Monique Moreira , Lucia Suzana Maria Della , Quirino Célia Raquel , Maradini Filho Antonio Manoel , Busato Beatriz Módulo
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of different yacón meal concentrations (Smallanthus sonchifolia) on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of four mortadella formulations (F1, F2, F3, and control) prepared with mutton, pork fat, and additives. All formulations met the physicochemical and microbiological standards defined in regulations for mortadella production in Brazil. Control and F1 were the formulations with better acceptance scores, compared with F2 and F3. The judges stated favorable purchase intention for the control, F1 and F2 formulations. Results showed that mutton mortadella supplemented with yacón meal is a promising alternative in the manufacture of healthier meat products.
Interface between management control systems and strategy and performance measures in a family business,
Authors: Oro Ieda Margarete , Lavarda Carlos Eduardo Facin
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze how the interface occurs between the management control systems (MCSs) and the strategy and performance measures in a family business, from the perspective of Contingency Theory. The relevance of the theme lies in understanding how the use of the managerial levers from the Levers of Control (LOC) model (Simons, 1995) is perceived by the senior management of a family business in the interface with the strategy and performance measures. In terms of its impact in the area, this article broadens the field of research that uses the LOC model together with strategy and performance measures in family businesses. The research methodology used combined methods, operationalized by the case study procedure. The content analysis was performed using coded categories based on the literature and selected passages from the interviews, observation, and documents, by means of qualitative analysis software. As a result, it was observed that the family management designed by the controlling owner, with an entrepreneurial vision, working together (father and sons), and the organizational values of the family unit (belief systems), showed particularities of the family-business duality that contributed to the implementation of the strategy and the use of performance measures. It is also inferred that the two systems (diagnostic controls and interactive controls) are complementary in the organization and that the “customized control” produced by the integrated management system is an adjustment of the MCS to the contingencies in order to enable the interface with the strategy and performance measures. The study revealed that the family values present in the management take form in the belief systems that shape the use of the MCSs and in the strategic behavior of the organization, which is an element that is barely discussed in Simons (1995) and opens up room for new research.
ANÁLISE SANITÁRIA E FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E ADEQUAÇÃO BACTERIOLÓGICA DO QUEIJO MINAS ARTESANAL PRODUZIDO EM DUAS PROPRIEDADES
Authors: Soares Driene Bastos , Monteiro Guilherme Paz , Fonseca Belchiolina Beatriz , Freitas Eduardo Almeida , Mendonça Eliane Pereira , Melo Roberta Torres de , Iasbeck Jocasta Rodrigues , Rossi Daise Aparecida
Published: September 2018

Resumo Objetivou-se descrever as condições higiênico-sanitárias de queijarias artesanais, determinar os parâmetros físico-químicos, bacteriológicos e o período mínimo de maturação que garanta a inocuidade de queijos minas artesanais produzidos em Uberlândia-MG. Foram analisados, até aos 26 dias de maturação, queijos de duas propriedades, antes e após treinamento em boas práticas, totalizando 10 lotes (fabricações) com 12 queijos cada. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e bacteriológicas nos queijos e análises bacteriológicas em amostras ambientais. Até 26 dias de maturação, o queijo foi classificado como gordo e de baixa umidade, mas, considerando a maturação até 10 dias (período de comercialização usual), são gordos com média umidade. O tempo de maturação influenciou nos índices físico-químicos, com exceção da gordura no extrato seco. Análises bacteriológicas ambientais demonstraram higiene deficiente e falhas ou ausência no tratamento da água. A maturação e o treinamento influenciaram na redução de coliformes totais e e. coli, mas não de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, não sendo possível determinar um período de maturação mínimo que garantisse o atendimento à legislação. As análises físico-químicas demonstraram variações esperadas, como a redução do percentual de umidade, e as análises bacteriológicas refletiram o treinamento aplicado aos manipuladores, já que houve redução nas contagens de coliformes totais e E. coli. Contudo, para garantir a inocuidade do produto, é necessário um conjunto de ações que incluem reforço e repetição dos treinamentos, registro das atividades, rastreabilidade, associadas ao monitoramento e fiscalização regular.
BRACHIAL PLEXUS IN THE Leopardus geoffroyi
Authors: Souza Junior Paulo , Wronski Julia Gabriela , Carvalho Natan Cruz , Abidu-Figueiredo Marcelo
Published: September 2018

Abstract Six thoracic limbs from four Leopardus geoffroyi specimens were dissected in order to describe origin and distribution of nerves forming the brachial plexuses. The brachial plexus is a result of connections between ventral branches of the last four cervical nerves (C5, C6, C7 and C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1). These branches are the origin of the suprascapularis, subscapularis, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves to the intrinsic musculature, and form the brachiocephalicus, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, cranial pectoral and caudal pectoral nerves to the extrinsic musculature. The C7 ventral branch is mainly responsible for formation of nerves (70.5%), followed by C8 (47.4%), C6 (29.5%), T1 (19.2%) and C5 (7.7%). From 78 dissected nerves, 65.4% of nerves resulted from a combination of two or three branches, while only 34.6% of nerves originated from a single branch. Through comparison with other carnivoran species, the origin and innervation area of the Geoffroyi’s Cat brachial plexus were most similar to those of the domestic cat, particularly among those nerves extended to the intrinsic musculature. The results of this study suggest that nerve block techniques currently used in dogs and cats might be efficient in Geoffroyi’s Cat too.
O trabalho em emergência hospitalar: sofrimento e estratégias defensivas dos enfermeiros
Authors: Duarte Maria de Lourdes Custódio , Glanzner Cecilia Helena , Pereira Leticia Passos
Published: September 2018

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar fatores de sofrimento e estratégias defensivas dos enfermeiros que atuam em uma emergência de um hospital universitário. MÉTODO Investigação qualitativa, com referencial teórico da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, realizada em um setor de emergência hospitalar do Sul do Brasil. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas com 18 enfermeiros no ano 2015, utilizando como método a análise temática. RESULTADOS A partir da análise emergiram duas categorias: Sofrimento no Trabalho e Estratégias Defensivas utilizadas pelos enfermeiros. Na primeira, surgiram quatro subcategorias: a superlotação e sobrecarga de trabalho, sentimento de frustração e insegurança e conflitos entre profissionais. Na segunda, Estratégias Defensivas, surgiram duas subcategorias; Estratégias Individuais e Coletivas. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS O sofrimento no trabalho desencadeia desgaste físico e emocional, tornando necessário o uso de estratégias coletivas e individuais que ofertam estabilidade, dentro e fora do ambiente de trabalho. Portanto, cuidar do trabalhador significa promover a saúde em seu processo de trabalho.
Doações e transplantes cardíacos no estado do Paraná
Authors: Galdino Maria José Quina , Rodrigues Amanda Torres , Scholze Alessandro Rolim , Pissinati Paloma de Souza Cavalcante , Barreto Maynara Fernanda Carvalho , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço
Published: September 2018

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar as doações e transplantes cardíacos realizados no estado do Paraná. MÉTODO Estudo transversal com 3.931 relatórios de óbitos por morte encefálica e 8.416 transplantes realizados no estado do Paraná, entre 2011 e 2016. As doações e transplantes cardíacos foram analisados de forma descritiva, univariada e múltipla. RESULTADOS Dos 2.600 doadores elegíveis, 128 (4,9%) doaram o coração. A chance de efetivação da doação cardíaca foi maior entre os óbitos com idade menor que 40 anos (OR:27,913) e do sexo masculino (OR:1,559). Somado aos corações advindos de outros estados, realizaram-se 165 (2,0%) transplantes cardíacos, todos financiados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Houve um aumento significativo de doações e transplantes ao longo dos anos. CONCLUSÃO Os números de doações e transplantes cardíacos foram baixos no período analisado. Torna-se importante que os gestores elaborem ações para a otimização do processo e, consequentemente, a diminuição do tempo de espera por um coração.
Construction and validation of a low-cost simulator for training patients with diabetes mellitus and/or their caregivers in insulin administration
Authors: Silva Janaina Pereira da , Pereira Junior Gerson Alves , Meska Mateus Henrique Gonçalves , Mazzo Alessandra
Published: September 2018

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to construct and validate a low-cost simulator to train diabetes mellitus patients and their caregivers on the administration of insulin. Method: Action research study with a qualitative approach, through a validation methodological study. Results: A low-fidelity simulator was constructed with the areas recommended for insulin administration adapted to allow skill training. Validation was done by nine experts on the subject. Conclusions: The prototype has low cost and greater anatomical functional fidelity than the models currently available in the market. Implications for practice: The simulator developed can be used by health professionals, caregivers or by the patients themselves as a tool in the training for insulin administration. Its use may favor the identification of critical points related to the application technique, allowing the planning of more directive and effective educational interventions.
Action of Imazethapyr and Lactofen on the Nodulation of Conventional and Transgenic Soybean under Drought Stress Conditions
Authors: GONÇALVES C.G. , SILVA JUNIOR A.C. , SCARANO M. , PEREIRA M.R.R. , MARTINS D.
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: This research aimed at studying the action of the herbicides imazethapyr and lactofen on the root system and rhizobium/plant interaction, when they are sprayed at two phenological development stages of soybean cultivars under different soil water management. The soybean cultivars MG/BR 46 Conquista (conventional) and BRS Valiosa (RR) were submitted to three minimum soil water potential (Ψs): -0.03; -0.07 and -0.5 MPa at the V2 and V4 phenological stages. The herbicides imazethapyr at the rate (100 g a.i. ha-1) and lactofen at the rate (180 g a.i. ha-1) were sprayed 10 days after the start of water restrictions. Twenty-one days after the application of the herbicides, root dry matter and root nodulation were evaluated. The BRS Valiosa (RR) soybean cultivar presented better nodule formation and a more efficient and more adapted root system to support moderate drought stress conditions (-0.07 MPa). The MG/BR 46 Conquista (conventional) soybean cultivar presented lower the root system growth when submitted to the spraying of imazethapyr and lactofen. The activity of N2-fixating bacteria was affected by the spraying of the herbicides imazethapyr and lactofen.
Influence of Adjuvants on the Surface Tension, Deposition and Effectiveness of Herbicides on Fleabane Plants
Authors: CASTRO E.B. , CARBONARI C.A. , VELINI E.D. , GOMES G.L.G.C. , BELAPART D.
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicides is widespread in weed management, and adjuvants are added to the spray solution to improve the effectiveness of applications. The goal was to evaluate the influence of adjuvants added to the herbicides saflufenacil and glyphosate, isolated or in combination, and the effects on the surface tension, deposition and effectiveness in post-emergence applications to control Conyza sumatrensis. Experiments were conducted completely randomized experimental design to evaluate surface tension (TS), deposition and herbicide effectiveness. The treatments were glyphosate, glyphosate + saflufenacil and saflufenacil with or without the adjuvants Natur’al óleo®, Assist®, Aterbane®, Sillwet L-77 and Dash HC® (surface tension). For the experiments about mixture deposition and herbicide effectiveness, the factorial scheme 3 x 5 was adopted in the experiment performed in April, where factor A corresponded to the combination of the herbicieds glyphosate, saflufenacil and glyphosate + saflufenacil, and factor B was the addition of the adjuvants Natur’al óleo®, Assist®, Aterbane®, Sillwet L-77. For experiments conducted in November, the adjuvant Dash HC® was added, and the 3x6 factorial design was adopted. The adjuvants reduced the ST of the herbicide mixture, and Silwet L-77® was the most effective one. However, the ST reduction did not influence the mixture deposition on C. sumatrensis plants. The use of adjuvants did not result in an effective control for the applications with sole glyphosate.
Cover Crops in the Weed Management in Soybean Culture
Authors: SÃO MIGUEL A.S.D.C. , PACHECO L.P. , SOUZA E.D. , SILVA C.M.R. , CARVALHO Í.C.
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cover crops on weed suppression in no-tillage soybean production systems in Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area and consisted of the evaluation of nine cover treatments and soil management in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were: NT fallow, CT fallow, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria breviflora, maize + Crotalaria spectabilis, Pennisetum glaucum, Urochloa ruziziensis, Cajanus cajan, sunflower + Urochloa ruziziensis, Stylosanthes, Vigna unguiculata, Urochloa brizantha, maize + Urochloa ruziziensis. The evaluations were carried out before the desiccation for soybean sowing in the crops (10/23/2014) and (09/21/2015), before the post-emergence of soybean (09/12/2014) and (12/11/2015) and in the second season (12/06/2015). The useful area was 5 x 5 m and all weeds were counted and identified, but only the four species with the largest population were collected. The weeds evaluated were: Digitaria horizontalis, Digitaria insularis, Porophyllum ruderale and Tridax procumbens. Fallow treatments presented higher weed populations in relation to the others, in all periods of evaluation. Digitaria horizontalis presented the highest phytomass production in most seasons. The production systems with Urochloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria spectabilis and intercropped with maize + Urochloa ruziziensis, sunflower + Urochloa ruziziensis and maize + Crotalaria spectabilis were the best alternatives for integrated weed management, reducing the incidence and increasing control of the main species that were detected during the conduction of the experiment.
Phytosociology in Degraded and Renewed Pastures in Agrosilvopastoral Systems
Authors: DIAS R.C. , SANTOS M.V. , FERREIRA E.A. , BRAZ T.G.S , FIGUEIREDO L.V. , CRUZ P.J.R. , SILVA L.D.
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: In pastures, the incidence of weeds reduces the productivity and quality of forage. The identification of the weed species in pastures is fundamental to choose the renewal method. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform phytosociology before and after the renewal of a Brachiaria decumbens pasture, with the implantation of agrosilvopastoral systems. Eighteen different crop arrangements for pasture renewal were evaluated. The renewal systems were by eucalyptus integration (at 12 x 2 m or 12 x 3 m spacings) with maize, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (palisade grass) and/or Macrotyloma axillare (perennial horsegram), or monoculture and intercropping of palisade grass and perennial horsegram, as well as the evaluation of the application or not of the herbicide bentazon, at the recommended dose for maize crops (0.72 kg ha-1). Relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance, relative dominance, coverage value index, importance value index, dry matter and similarity index were evaluated. In the first survey, before the pasture renewal, 23 plant species were identified. After the implantation of agrosilvopastoral systems, the species Sida cordifolia, Lantana camara and B. decumbens were the only occurring ones before and after the renewal of the pasture with agrosilvopastoral systems. The use of palisade grass and the application of the herbicide were efficient in controlling weeds. In systems that contained palisade grass and perennial horsegram, the latter was not found in the survey conducted one year after the implantation.
Biological Cycle of Susceptible and Glyphosate-Resistant Sourgrass Biotypes in Two Growth Periods
Authors: FERREIRA S.D. , EXTECKOETTER V. , GIBBERT A.M. , BARBOSA J.A. , COSTA N.V.
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: Selecting glyphosate-resistant Digitaria insularis may cause changes in the biological cycle of the species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological cycle of susceptible and glyphosate-resistant D. insularis biotypes in two growth periods (summer/autumn and autumn/winter). Seeds were collected in the municipality of Alagoa Grande (07o02’59" S 35o37’01,5" W), and were considered susceptible (S1), in Cascavel (24o55’27" S 53o27’54.6 ”W) considered as resistant 1 (R1), Entre Rios do Oeste (24o40’44" S 54o17’05" W) considered as resistant 2 (R2) and Marechal Cândido Rondon (24o42’30" S 54o21’10" W) considered as resistant 3 (R3). Evaluations were carried out in the summer/autumn and autumn/winter periods. The collection periods of plants were: 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56; 63; 70; 77; 84; 91; 98; 105; 112 and 119 days after emergence (DAE). The selection of glyphosate-resistant D. insularis biotypes in agricultural areas affected the biology of the species, in relation to the original population of the susceptible biotype. In the summer/autumn period (mean temperature 24.6 oC), the S biotype started the emission of tillers and flowering at 14 and 21 DAE on an average, respectively, before the resistant biotypes. However, in the autumn/winter period (mean temperature 19.0 oC) only the R1 biotype was able to develop and complete the biological cycle. The evaluated biotypes presented differences during the development, mainly between the phenological stages, so that the susceptible biotype was the most precocious and with a high reproductive potential. The physiological evaluations showed no differences among the S, R1, R2 and R3 biotypes, as verified in the TCR.
Weed Emergence in a Soil with Cover Crops in an Agroecological No-Tillage System
Authors: SOUZA M. , MÜLLER JR. V. , KURTZ C. , BRUNETTO G. , COUTO R.R. , COMIN J.J.
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: The cultivation and deposition of cover crops residues on the soil surface can reduce weed emergence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of weeds, in a greenhouse, on a soil with cover crops in an agroecological no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with soil samples from an experiment installed in Ituporanga (Santa Catarina state). On April 2010 and 2011, the following field treatments were implemented: weed vegetation (VE), Hordeum vulgare (2010)/Avena strigosa (2011) (CV/AV), Secale cereale (CE), Raphanus sativus (NF), Secale cereale + Raphanus sativus (NF+CE) and Hordeum vulgare/Avena strigosa + Raphanus sativus (NF+AV). After the rotation of the species, the soil samples were collected in July. The identification of the species and the emergence assessment occurred 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after the beginning of the experiment. The species with the highest incidence were: Amaranthus lividus, Oxalis spp., Cyperus spp., Stachys arvensis, Cynodon spp. and Rumex obtusifolius. Residues from single species of Secale cereale, Avena strigosa and Hordeum vulgare have shown the greatest ability to suppress weeds during the first 45 evaluation days; this corresponds to the beginning of the critical period in the onion development.
Entre o nacional e o internacional: o surgimento histórico da sociologia como campo
Authors: Sapiro Gisèle
Published: September 2018

Resumo O trabalho centra a atenção no desenvolvimento histórico da sociologia enquanto campo passível de ser analisado com as ferramentas da sociologia histórica. Num primeiro momento, o trabalho destaca o processo histórico de nacionalização da pesquisa e da capacitação da sociologia, procurando transcender o nacionalismo metodológico, uma vez que estuda os acontecimentos nacionais como se ocorressem endogenamente, sem a interferência de fatores internacionais. Num segundo momento, o texto destaca o processo de internacionalização da sociologia, que se intensificou no período pós-guerra, quando se observou a existência de uma estrutura de relações de poder acadêmico existente entre as diferentes sociologias nacionais, em função de condições materiais e simbólicas existentes no âmbito dos diferentes países.
Avanço e consequências da modernidade global
Authors: Schmidt Volker H.
Published: September 2018

Resumo Este trabalho propõe o conceito de modernidade global a partir da observação de dados mundiais. O conceito busca oferecer uma perspectiva integrativa que considera múltiplas dimensões da vida, a partir de no mínimo quatro dimensões inter-relacionadas: indivíduo, cultura, organismo e sistemas sociais. Por meio de uma perspectiva histórica da economia, e questões como a redução da pobreza, a ascensão da cidade, a educação formal, a ciência e a academia, dentre outros diversos campos, constrói-se o debate sobre o conceito, ilustrado pelo desenvolvimento moderno e sua velocidade. Ao comparar as mudanças ocorridas em décadas recentes aos séculos anteriores, o texto sugere que a modernidade global pode ser considerada a ferramenta sociológica utilizada para elucidar a rapidez em que essas mudanças ocorrem, bem como suas dimensões e consequências; o que termina por ilustrar o contexto da sociedade mundial.
Latin America’s Decentred Economic Regionalism: From the FTAA to the Pacific Alliance
Authors: Lima Jean Santos
Published: September 2018

Abstract In this article, I examine Latin American regionalism from the collapse of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) to the emergence and development of the Pacific Alliance (PA) in the period 2005 to 2015. For most of the research, I use the main economic blocs in the region, Mercosur as well as the PA, as the units of analysis. The main findings are that since the FTAA’s collapse, integration processes have become more heterogeneous; that Mercosur and the PA contrast with one another in political-economic terms; that the Brazilian project of establishing a post-liberal/post-hegemonic regionalism in South America has not succeeded; and that regional demand for Brazilian products is at risk of shifting to other markets in the medium to long term, thus further undermining its aspirations towards regional leadership. All of this is evidence of a decentred economic regionalism – that is, a form of regionalism in which no single state is in central command, or has enough followers to assume leadership and establish a dominant conception of integration and regional cooperation. Other factors contributing to this decentralisation are the poor economic performance of Brazil and Mexico, and the US government’s changed attitude towards trade relations with Latin America. Despite this, I argue that Latin American countries do need to strengthen cooperation within and among these regional blocs, aimed at promoting their joint global competitiveness. This will require cooperation rather than coercion, and networks and connectivity rather than hierarchies.
Brazil, Foreign Policy and Climate Change (1992-2005)
Authors: Kiessling Christopher Kurt
Published: September 2018

Abstract Since the emergence of the environmental agenda in the global arena, Brazil has maintained an active position in the debates around this topic. Although Brazil has always been a protagonist, its foreign policy has shown some changes in relation to addressing climate change in recent years. Likewise, the modalities under which this issue has been framed as a problem since 1992 are fundamentally important to interpreting the Brazilian position in international negotiations and the changes in them over the years. The objective of the following article is to understand the discursive framework on which the foreign policy of climate change in Brazil was structured from a constructivist standpoint on International Relations. Using this approach, this article studies both the international influences and the internal conditions of Brazilian climate policy in the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The main sources of this research are semi-structured interviews with state and non-state actors in Brazil, complemented with a review of secondary sources such as official documents and academic papers.
The Amazon and the Internationalisation of Chinese Companies
Authors: Wegner Rubia Cristina , Fernandes Marcelo Pereira
Published: September 2018

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyse the announced and ongoing foreign direct investment of companies from China in the Amazon region, mainly in Brazil, which covers most of the region, and Peru. We will also to a certain extent include the Amazon region that crosses Colombia and Ecuador. These countries constitute one of the centres of South American integration due to their infrastructure, and the construction of a highway linking Peru and Brazil to the Pacific has been planned. Segments such as mining, petroleum and grains have been the target for the productive internationalisation of Chinese companies. In the analysed countries, the volume of announced and ongoing direct investment of Chinese companies is indeed significant, targeting the above-mentioned natural resource industries. The large infrastructure project announced will be a logistical support for the companies that announced investments in the Amazon, especially between Brazil and Peru. Even though these countries and the other five that share the Amazon rainforest have presented some proposals of co-operation, they have not developed a common approach for the reception of investments from Chinese companies.
Corpo, gênero e imagem: desafios e possibilidades aos estudos feministas em educação
Authors: BALTHAZAR GREGORY DA SILVA , MARCELLO FABIANA DE AMORIM
Published: September 2018

RESUMO Neste artigo, problematizamos os modos pelos quais o conceito de imagem vem sendo debatido, hoje, no seio dos estudos de gênero em educação. Para tanto, metodologicamente, da produção do Grupo de Trabalho (GT) 23 - Gênero, Sexualidade e Educação da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd), de 2003 a 2015, analisamos os trabalhos que elegem a imagem como central, atentando para o modo como eles operam com esse conceito, instituindo-o sob os marcos do que chamamos de uma imagem-saber. Discutimos como a imagem, construída como instrumento que educa nossos corpos, acaba por instituir-se como uma ferramenta decisiva para o debate sobre as pedagogias de gênero e sexualidade, mas, ao mesmo tempo, para a construção e o fortalecimento de uma espécie de mística feminina contemporânea. Por fim, sugerimos, com a ajuda de autores como Didi-Huberman e Butler, outras relações teórico-metodológicas com as imagens, problematizando-as no lugar de onde nos convidam a criar outros modos de viver o gênero e a sexualidade.
(Im)possibilidades da revitalização do projeto político-pedagógico de uma Rede Municipal de Ensino em uma perspectiva colaborativa
Authors: Menegat Jardelino , Sarmento Dirléia Fanfa , Rangel Mary
Published: September 2018

Resumo O artigo é decorrente de uma pesquisa-ação colaborativa que teve como temática investigativa a revitalização do Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP) de uma Rede Municipal de Ensino. No âmbito de rede (além de outros dispositivos locais, como o Plano Municipal de Educação, por exemplo), o PPP é um dispositivo que, articulado aos demais dispositivos legais, condensa o ideário educativo que confere uma identidade, orienta a organização e as ações educativas coletivas. Mediante a necessidade de revitalizar o PPP da rede, a Secretaria de Educação do município recorreu à assessoria dos pesquisadores com o intuito de que tal processo fosse desenvolvido em uma perspectiva participativa e com base em decisões coletivas, assegurando os diversos olhares dos atores de cada comunidade educativa. Assim, neste texto, fazemos um recorte analítico-discursivo acerca das concepções de 78 gestores partícipes do processo. Os dados, categorizados por meio da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, oriundos da análise documental e de um questionário, indicam a potencialidade da pesquisa-ação enquanto uma abordagem que propicia a ação-reflexão-intervenção. Os entraves encontrados, que limitaram a constituição coletiva e participativa, são decorrentes do espaço temporal dedicado ao processo, comprometendo os espaços de reflexão, aprofundamento e discussão, fundamentais para o alinhamento teórico-metodológico e a consolidação de consensos políticos coletivos. Por fim, é elogiável a postura e o desafio que os gestores, no âmbito de uma Secretaria Municipal de Educação, colocaram-se ao assumirem de forma participativa a construção de um dipositivo da envergadura de um PPP.
Regarding “Improved Detection of Circulating Epithelial Cells in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms”
Authors: Yoshida Go J.
Published: September 2018

New treatment strategies for platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer are needed. Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) signaling is a new target of antitumor therapy that involves immune reactivation; however, its antitumor effect on subsequent chemotherapy is unclear. Two representative cases are described here.
Placental Drainage Versus No Placental Drainage After Vaginal Delivery in the Management of Third Stage of Labour: A Randomized Study
Authors: BOSTANCI ERGEN Evrim , KILIÇÇI Çetin , KUMRU Pınar , YAYLA ABİDE Çiğdem , DARICI Ezgi , EROĞLU Mustafa
Published: September 2018

Objective: To
asses the effectiveness of placental blood drainage after spontaneous vaginal
delivery in reducing the duration, the pain and blood loss during third stage
of labour against no placental drainage.Methods:
In this randomized controlled study, 222 pregnant women who admitted to Zeynep
Kamil Women and Children’s Health Training and Research Hospital from December
2016 and July 2017 were included. They were randomized into study(111) or
control(111) group when they delivered vaginally. In study group; umbilical
cord was clamped from fetal side but unclamped from maternal side. After that
unclamped side of umblical cord was left open to drain the blood until the flow
stopped. In control group the umblical cord was clamped both sides. Results: The
duration of third stage of labour was 18,39±6,85 min in the study group and
22,78±5,90 min in the control group(p<0,0001). The mean blood loss in study
group was 212,75±12,1 and was 308,42±18,4 ml in the control group(p<0,0001).
The mean respective visual analog scale (VAS) scores in study group and control
group were 5,65 and 6,58 (p<0,0001).

Conclusions: Placental
blood drainage was effective in reducing the duration of the third stage of
labour, the blood loss in the third stage of labour, and also the pain in the third
stage of labour.
SORPTION OF FLUORIDE IONS BY IRON OXYHYDRATE FIXED ON THE CARRIERS. Part 1. Organic carriers
Authors: Yegorov V. V. , Makovskaya O. Yu. , Mamyachenkov S. V. , Kozlov P. A.
Published: September 2018

The article considers possibility of using inorganic sorbent – iron oxyhydrate (IOH) – to remove F– ions from process solutions of zinc production. The method of IOH synthesis is chosen. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis are presented. The principal possibility of using ion-exchange resins as IOH-modified carriers is considered. The paper studies active substance formation on anion and cation exchange resins. It is shown that the most durable composite sorbents are obtained using strongly acidic cation exchange resins with SO3– groups. A method for introducing IOH into the structure of carrier materials and obtaining composite sorbents is described. The KU-2×8 strongly acidic cation exchanger is recommended as a composite base. Cation exchangers saturated with iron were held in a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 2,5 g/dm3 for 24 hours at 85 °C to ensure formation of β-modification IOH crystals distributed over the ion exchanger grain volume. Anion exchangers were held in an iron(III) sulfate solution with added sodium chloride for 24 hours at 85 °C. At the same time, iron oxyhydrate films formed on the surface of sorbent grains were observed. Fluorine sorption was carried out in a static mode from a standardized test solution with a concentration of F– = 100 mg/dm3 at 60 °C. Sorption on the AB-17×8 anionite was carried out at 20 °C. Absorbed fluorine was desorbed by the NaOH (0,1 M) solution at 60 °C for 2 hours. The synthesized KU-2×8-IOH composite sorbent has a fluorine capacity of 0,7–1,1 mg/g, and can be regenerated with resulting easily utilizable fluorine-containing eluate.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION AND OVERHEATING ON THE SIDELEDGE IN THE ALUMINUM CELL
Authors: Stakhanov V. V. , Redkin A. A. , Zaikov Yu. P. , Galashev A. E.
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a theoretical study conducted to investigate the effect that the chemical composition of electrolyte and its overheating have on the size of sideledge formed in an aluminum smelting bath. Three electrolyte compositions were chosen: (1) sodium cryolite with the cryolite ratio CR = 2,7; (2) cryolite CR = 2,7 + 5 wt.% CaF2; (3) cryolite CR = 2,7 + 5 wt.% CaF2 + 5 wt.% Al2О3. The electrolyte liquidus overheating temperatures were 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C. Calculations were performed using the finite element method. A simplified design of an aluminum cell was used with a prebaked anode. The temperature field was calculated using a mathematical model based on the Boussinesq approximation, which contains the Navier–Stokes equation as well as thermal conductivity and incompressibility equations. The key role of electrolyte overheating in sideledge formation was established. The resulting sideledge profile depends on the heat transfer coefficients and thermophysical properties of materials. The smallest sideledge thickness with the same electrolyte overheating was observed in cryolite composition 3, and the profiles of the formed sideledge for samples 1 and 2 were nearly the same. The thickness of the sideledge formed with a 5 degree overheating exceeded 7 cm and the difference in temperature between the sideledge in contact with electrolyte and the side block wall was 20–25 degrees. It was found that the virtually total disappearance of the sideledge occurs at electrolyte liquidus overheating by 20 degrees.