bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Giant Juvenile Fibroadenomas of Breasts:A Case Report
Authors: Nikumbh D. B. , Desai S. R. , Madan P. S. , Patil N. J. , Wader J. V.
Published: May 2011

Juvenile fibroadenoma constitutes only 4% of the total fibroadenomas. The incidence of giant juvenile fibroadenomas is found to be only 0.5% of all the fibroadenomas. Bilateral giant juvenile fibroadenomas are extremely rare, and only four cases have been reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, we are presenting the fifth case of bilateral giant juvenile fibroadenomas in a 12-year-old prepubertal girl. The diagnosis was made on fine-needle aspiration cytology which was confirmed on histopathology. In this paper, we present this rare case to illustrate the diagnosis and management of this tumour and to emphasize that these tumours are almost always benign and should be treated with breast-conserving surgery to provide a healthy physical and social life to the patient.
Biomarkers of the Dementia
Authors: Shoji Mikio
Published: May 2011

Recent advances in biomarker studies on dementia are summarized here. CSF Aβ40, Aβ42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau are the most sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and prediction of onset of AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Based on this progress, new diagnostic criteria for AD, MCI, and preclinical AD were proposed by National Institute of Aging (NIA) and Alzheimer′s Association in August 2010. In these new criteria, progress in biomarker identification and amyloid imaging studies in the past 10 years have added critical information. Huge contributions of basic and clinical studies have established clinical evidence supporting these markers. Based on this progress, essential therapy for cure of AD is urgently expected.
A Statistical Approach for Optimization of Simultaneous Production of β-Glucosidase and Endoglucanase by Rhizopus oryzae from Solid-State Fermentation of Water Hyacinth Using Central Composite Design
Authors: Karmakar Moumita , Ray Rina Rani
Published: May 2011

The production cost of β-glucosidase and endoglucanase could be reduced by using water hyacinth, an aquatic weed, as the sole carbon source and using cost-efficient fermentation strategies like solid-state fermentation (SSF). In the present study, the effect of different production conditions on the yield of β-glucosidase and endoglucanase by Rhizopus oryzae MTCC 9642 from water hyacinth was investigated systematically using response surface methodology. A Central composite experimental design was applied to optimize the impact of three variables, namely, substrate concentration, pH, and temperature, on enzyme production. The optimal level of each parameter for maximum enzyme production by the fungus was determined. Highest activity of endoglucanase of 495 U/mL was achieved at a substrate concentration of 1.23%, pH 7.29, and temperature 29.93°C whereas maximum β-glucosidase activity of 137.32 U/ml was achieved at a substrate concentration of 1.25%, pH 6.66, and temperature 32.09°C. There was a direct correlation between the levels of enzymatic activities and the substrate concentration of water hyacinth as carbon source.
Interaction between Calcineurin and Ca2+/Calmodulin Kinase-II in Modulating Cellular Functions
Authors: Kubokawa Manabu , Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Komagiri You
Published: May 2011

Roles of calcineurin (CaN), a Ca2+/calmodulin- (CaM-) dependent protein phosphatase, and Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMKII) in modulating K+channel activity and the intracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) have been investigated in renal tubule epithelial cells. The channel current through the cell membrane was recorded with the patch-clamp technique, and [Ca2+]iwas monitored using fura-2 imaging. We found that a CaN-inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CyA), lowered the K+channel activity and elevated [Ca2+]i, suggesting that CyA closes K+channels and opens Ca2+-release channels of the cytosolic Ca2+-store. Moreover, both of these responses were blocked by KN-62, an inhibitor of CaMKII. It is suggested that the CyA-mediated response results from the activation of CaMKII. Indeed, Western blot analysis revealed that CyA increased phospho-CaMKII, an active form of CaMKII. These findings suggest that CaN-dependent dephosphorylation inhibits CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation, and the inhibition of CaN increases phospho-CaMKII, which results in the stimulation of CaMKII-dependent cellular actions.
Lymph Node Thyroglobulin Measurement in Diagnosis of Neck Metastases of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Ceriani Luca , Suriano Sergio
Published: May 2011

Aim. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes (LNs) in patients with thyroid cancer are usually assessed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Thyroglobulin (Tg) is frequently elevated in malignant FNAC needle wash specimens (FNAC-Tg). The objectives of the study were to (1) determine an appropriate diagnostic cut-off for FNAC-Tg levels (2) compare FNAC and FNAC-Tg results in a group of 108 patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Methods. A total of 126 consecutive FNACs were performed on enlarged LNs and the final diagnosis was confirmed by surgical pathology examination or clinical follow-up. The best FNAC-Tg cut-off level was selected by receiver operating curve analysis, and diagnostic performances of FNAC and FNAC-Tg were compared.Results. The rate of FNAC samples adequate for cytological examination was 77% in contrast FNAC-Tg available in 100% of aspirates (). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAC were 71%, 80%, 74%, 100%, 80%, and 94%, respectively. The most appropriate cut-off value for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer metastatic LN was 1.1 ng/mL (sensitivity 100%, specificity 100%).Conclusions. The diagnostic performance of needle washout FNAC-Tg measurement with a cut-off of 1.1 ng/mL compared favorably with cytology in detecting DTC node metastases.
Protein C Activity in Dogs: Adaptation of a Commercial Human Colorimetric Assay and Evaluation of Effects of Storage Time and Temperature
Authors: Fry Michael M. , Snyder Karl R. , Tobias Karen M. , Williamson Baye G. , Reed G. Ann
Published: May 2011

Objectives of this study were to adapt a commercial human protein C (PC) colorimetric assay for use in dogs and to investigate effects of various storage conditions. The human assay was modified by using pooled canine plasma for calibration and by increasing the activation time. PC activity was measured in fresh canine plasma and in plasma stored under various conditions. PC activity of some stored samples was significantly different from that of fresh plasma; however, differences were small. No difference was detected in samples stored under similar conditions but analyzed in different laboratories using similar methodology. Results of this study indicate that the human colorimetric assay is suitable for canine samples if pooled canine plasma is used for calibration, that Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute sample storage guidelines developed for testing in humans are appropriate for dogs, and that comparisons of results from laboratories using similar methodology are legitimate.
Fabrication of Biosensor Based on Polyaniline/Gold Nanorod Composite
Authors: Tamer Uğur , Seçkin Ali İhsan , Temur Erhan , Torul Hilal
Published: May 2011

This present paper describes a new approach to fabricate a new amperometric sensor for the determination of glucose. Polyaniline (PANI) film doped with colloidal gold nanorod particles has been used to immobilize glucose oxidase by glutaraldehyde. The polyaniline/gold nanorod composite structure gave an excellent matrix for enzyme immobilization due to the large specific surface area and higher electroactivity. The composite has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The SERS spectrum of the surface-immobilized glucose oxidase and the spectrum of the native enzyme indicate that the main feature of the native structure of glucose oxidase was conserved after being immobilized on the polymer matrix. The amperometric response was measured as a function of concentration of glucose at a potential of 0.6 V versus Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.4. Linear range of the calibration curve was from 17.6 μM to 1 mM with a sensitivity of 13.8 μA⋅mM−1⋅cm−2and a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.8 μM. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constantKMwas calculated as 1.0 mM and the response time was less than 3 seconds.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Michigan (1975–2010): Lessons Learned
Authors: Okafor Chika C. , Grooms Daniel L. , Bruning-Fann Colleen S. , Averill James J. , Kaneene John B.
Published: May 2011

Despite ongoing eradication efforts, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) remains a challenge in Michigan livestock and wildlife. The objectives of this study were to (1) review the epidemiology of BTB in Michigan cattle, privately owned cervids, and wildlife between 1975 and 2010 and (2) identify important lessons learned from the review and eradication strategies. BTB information was accessed from the Michigan BTB Eradication Project agencies. Cattle herds (49), privately owned deer herds (4), and wild white-tailed deer (668) were found infected with BTB during the review period. BTB has occurred primarily in counties located at the northern portion of the state's Lower Peninsula. Currently used BTB eradication strategies have successfully controlled BTB spread. However additional changes in BTB surveillance, prevention, and eradication strategies could improve eradication efforts.
The Degenerating Substantia Nigra as a Susceptible Region for Gene Transfer-Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Roca Valeria , Casabona Juan Cruz , Radice Pablo , Murta Verónica , Juan Pitossi Fernando
Published: May 2011

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN). The naïve SN is highly susceptible to inflammation. In addition, microglial activation in the degenerating SN displays distinct characteristics that increase the reactivity of the region towards inflammatory stimuli. On the other hand, gene therapy for PD has recently move forward into clinical settings, with PD being the neurodegenerative disorder with the highest number of Phase I/II gene therapy clinical trials approved and completed. These clinical trials are not targeting the SN, but this region is a certain candidate for future gene therapy interventions. Here, the unique immune-related properties of the degenerating SN in the context of a putative gene therapy intervention are reviewed. Several variables affecting the host response to gene delivery such as vector type and dosage, age and stage of disease of patients, and method of gene delivery and transgene used are discussed. Finally, approaches to diminish the risk of immune-mediated toxicity by gene transfer in the SN are presented.
Survival Post Surgery for Malignant Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Nguyen Olivier , Ouellette Denise
Published: May 2011

The study reviews the survival of patients with malignant pericardial effusion treated with a subxiphoid pericardial window. The medical records of 60 consecutive patients diagnosed with a malignant pericardial effusion and treated with a subxiphoid pericardial window between 1994 and 2008 were reviewed. 72% had lung cancer. Overall 30-day mortality was 31%. Survival rates at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 45%, 28%, 17%, and 9%, respectively. Overall median survival was 2.6 months. Patients with malignant pericardial effusion, especially those with primary lung cancer have poor survival rates. In advanced malignancy, the subxiphoid pericardial window procedure provides only short-term palliation of symptoms, and has no effect on long-term survival. The use of any surgical procedure in patients with malignant advanced pericardial effusion should be considered along with nonsurgical options on a case-by-case basis depending on symptoms, general status, and expected survival.
Intracameral Bevacizumab Administered for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis to Iris
Authors: Schell Jonathan C. , Koenig Steven B. , Bastin Kenneth , Wirostko William J.
Published: May 2011

Ocular iris metastasis from lung cancer is uncommon. We report a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who was found to have a metastatic lesion to the iris. Local therapy for pain control and vision loss was administered with intracameral bevacizumab. Complete resolution of pain, improvement in vision, and near complete resolution of iris tumor were seen within two months. No ocular toxicity to anterior segment structures was detectable on corneal pachymetry and corneal specular microscopy. This is the first case report demonstrating safety and efficacy of intracameral bevacizumab for iris metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer.
Caecal Carcinoma: A Review of 3 Cases in a Private Hospital in Lagos
Authors: Ashindoitiang John Adi
Published: May 2011

Colorectal tumors are rare in the developing countries but common in the civilized world. With the event of westernization of the diet, the incidence is increasing in the developing countries such as Nigeria. Caecal tumors present late because of the anatomical features of this part of colon. The tumors in the caecum are insidious in onset and often attend large size. Barium enema and colonoscopy have limitation in accessing this region. Computed tomography (CT) scan is expensive and not readily affordable in the developing world. High index of suspicion is therefore necessary to the diagnosed carcinoma of the caecum as it is a curable disease if diagnosed early and treated. We present 3 cases of caecal tumors seen over a 5-year period that were treated with good outcome.
Dignity, religion and freedom of expression in South Africa
Authors: Van Rooyen Jacobus C.W.
Published: May 2011

The issue that this article dealt with is whether, in South African law, speech that infringes upon the religious feelings of an individual is protected by the dignity clause in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The Constitution, as well as the Broadcasting Code, prohibits language that advocates hatred, inter alia, based on religion and that constitutes incitement to cause harm. Dignity, which is a central Constitutional right, relates to the sense of self worth which a person has. A Court has held that religious feelings, national pride and language do not form part of dignity, for purposes of protection in law. The Broadcasting Complaints Commission has, similarly, decided that a point of view seriously derogatory of ‘Calvinistic people’ blaming (some of) them as being hypocritical and even acting criminally is not protected by dignity. It would have to be accompanied by the advocacy of hatred as defined previously. The author, however, pointed out that on occasion different facts might found a finding in law that religion is so closely connected to dignity, that it will indeed be regarded as part thereof.
Die vermyding van etniese spanning en konflik in Suid-Afrika: Wat kan Paulus se ervaring ons leer?
Authors: Cromhout Markus
Published: May 2011

Avoiding ethnic tension and conflict in South Africa: What can we learn from Paul’s experience?The dream of a ‘rainbow nation’ in South Africa appears to be on the wane as ethnic tension and conflict seem to simmer just beneath the surface. This article investigates Paul’s approach to the issue of ethnic identity with reference to ethnicity and social identity theory. Initially, Paul adopted a radical approach, which basically rendered ethnic identity irrelevant. However, he came to realise that ethnic differences need to be accommodated within the group of Jesus followers. The article applies these insights in calling for strong, moral, visionary and discerning leadership in South Africa.
Salt for the earthen oven revisited
Authors: Pilch John J.
Published: May 2011

The symbolic interpretation of the salt sayings in the New Testament (Mt 5:13; Mk 9:42–50; Lk 12:49–53; 14:34–35) is best based on the long-standing cultural practice of using salt as a catalytic agent to burn dung, the common fuel for the typical earthen oven used by peasants even to this day. Seasoning and preservation are culturally inappropriate.
The Pope’s Jesus book and the Christologies of the gospels
Authors: Weren Wim J.C.
Published: May 2011

This article maps out recent developments in the exegetical investigation of Jesus. It starts with a discussion of the Jesus book by Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, in which ‘canonical exegesis’ is used to argue that Johannine Christology is also present in the other gospels and that this Christology actually goes back to Jesus. In this way, the book narrows the gap between the historical Jesus and the Christ of faith. The next section argues for maintaining the multiplicity of images of Jesus as a literary figure that is the fruit of relatively recent approaches: redaction criticism, narrative-semantic analysis and intertextuality. The final section contains a sketch of the current state of research on the historical Jesus and its relevance for Christology. The multiplicity in the literary and historical approaches poses challenges to the further development of Christology.
Postfoundational practical theology for a time of transition
Authors: Müller Julian C.
Published: May 2011

In reflection on the question as to in what sense is our time a time of transition, the article explores the various transitions in epistemology, advocated by the scholars mentioned in brackets:• modern to postmodern • secular dualism to post-secular holism (Cornel du Toit) • structural to poststructural • positivistic to relativistic • rational-argumentative to narrative • proposisionalistic to cultural-linguistic (Lindbeck) • fundamentalist to postfoundationalist (Schrag and Van Huyssteen) • maintenance to missional.
How much do we really know about the lives of early Christ followers?
Authors: Osiek Carolyn
Published: May 2011

We know very little about the everyday life of Christ believers in the first years. What can be extrapolated from other ancient sources must be combined with the minimal evidence from Christian sources. The two major rituals, baptism and Eucharist, may have been celebrated quite differently than we imagine. The lives of families must be seen as context for these celebrations.
Post-modern spirituality: Experience, rather than explain
Authors: Schutte Philip J.W.
Published: May 2011

Cassirer, Jung and Bultmann share at least one principle, namely their appreciation of the role played by myth in experiencing the language of faith. All three of the theorists advocate the reading of mythological texts against the backdrop of a mythological world view. By accentuating the existential and transformational value of myth, they underline the importance of myth for religion. However, they do not promote a positivistic interpretation of myth, which might lead to the rebirth of biblical fundamentalism. This article advanced the perspective that biblical texts, when read as myth, could open up spiritual experiences, even to post-modern readers.
Social-scientific criticism: Perspective, process and payoff. Evil eye accusation at Galatia as illustration of the method
Authors: Elliott John H.
Published: May 2011

This article explores a presentation of the method, emergence and contribution of social-scientific criticism (SSC) as an inter-disciplinary operation of New Testament exegesis. A description of ancient evil eye belief and practice and its appearance in Paul’s letter to the Galatians illustrates how the method contributes to a more accurate translation of the biblical text, a clarification of its logic and a fuller understanding of the social dynamics involving Paul and his opponents.
Journey from isolation
Authors: Dreyer Wim A.
Published: May 2011

Since the Ottawa Consultation in 1982, the relationship between the Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika (NHKA) and the World Alliance of Reformed Churches (WARC) was nonexistent. In the NHKA it became progressively clear that it would be impossible to travel the road of faith alone. This article examined the factors which contributed to the growing isolation of the NHKA, especially nationalism, a particularistic ecclesiology and the rejection of Apartheid by international ecumenical bodies. It also reflected on efforts of the NHKA to return to the international ecumenical movement.
Origen of Alexandria: The study of the Scriptures as transformation of the readers into images of the God of love
Authors: Decock Paul B.
Published: May 2011

For Origen, the purpose of reading the Scriptures is to be transformed more and more into the likeness of God, who is Love, through the Logos embodied in the Scriptures. This article first situated Origen’s approach to the Scriptures in the broad agreement over the centuries that the Scriptures are meant to address the present readers and not merely the original readers. This has led to various approaches to actualise the text up to the present varieties of contextual exegesis. Secondly, the article showed how, for Origen, the aim of actualising the text is the transformation of the readers. It will be necessary, therefore, to briefly present some of the key aspects of Origen’s pre-understanding. The third part focused on Origen’s understanding of the reading process as a movement from the letter to the spirit, a process that involves the transformation of the reader. This process is a struggle to understand what love, which is both the mystery of God and the aim for which every being is created through the Logos, is.
Shifting frontiers of transcendence in theology, philosophy and science
Authors: Du Toit Cornelius W.
Published: May 2011

This article dealt cursorily with developments in theology, philosophy and the sciences that have contributed to what one might call horizontal transcendence. The premise is that humans have evolved into beings that are wired for transcendence. Transcendence is described in terms of the metaphor of frontiers and frontier posts. Although the frontiers of transcendence shift according to the insights, understanding and needs of every epoch and world view, it remains transcendent, even in its immanent mode. Diverse perceptions of that frontier normally coexist in every era and we can only discern a posteriori which was the dominant one. Frontiers are fixed with reference to the epistemologies, notions of the subject and power structures of a given era. From a theological point of view, encounter with the transcendent affords insight, not into the essence of transcendence, but into human self-understanding and understanding of our world. Transcendence enters into the picture when an ordinary human experience acquires a depth and an immediacy that are attributed to an act of God. In philosophy, transcendence evolved from a noumenal metaphysics focused on the object (Plato), via emphasis on the epistemological structure and limits of the knowing subject (Kant) and an endeavour to establish a dynamic subject-object dialectics (Hegel), to the assimilation of transcendence into human existence (Heidegger). In the sciences certain developments opened up possibilities for God to act in non-interventionist ways. The limitations of such an approach are considered, as well as promising new departures – and their limitations – in the neurosciences. From all of this I conclude that an immanent-transcendent approach is plausible for our day and age.
‘God kan net doen wat God wel doen’: Petrus Abelardus se Megariaanse argument in Theologia ‘Scholarium’, Opera Theologica III
Authors: Beukes Johann
Published: May 2011

‘God can only do what God does do’: Peter Abelard’s Megarian argument in Theologia ‘Scholarium’, Opera Theologica III Peter Abelard’s contribution to a constellation of central themes in post-Carolingian medieval philosophy, namely on causation, necessity and contingency, with its discursive undertone of the relation between potentiality and actuality, is worked out in a rather informal way in one of his later works, Theologia ‘Scholarium’. Typical of the fusion of philosophical questions and theological premises in medieval philosophy, Abelard addresses the issue by asking whether God can only do what God does. Abelard argues that God can do or not do or omit doing only those things which God does do or does not do or omits doing and that God can do or can not do or omit doing those things only in the way or at the time at which God does and not at any other. Given Abelard’s fragmented and restricted access to the Aristotelian corpus regarding causality, how did he come to this Aristotelian-orientated conclusion? This article stresses the ancient quality of Abelard’s argument from another angle, reminiscent of the so-called Master Argument of the Megarians, with specific reference to the dialectical legacy of Diodorus Cronus, according to whom what can be is what is: what is, in turn, is what must be. Actuality, for the Megarians, exhausts potentiality. The path of actuality cannot be undermined or compromised by issues of potentiality. God’s actions are thus for both the Megarians and Abelard strictly determined and determining. God, in the end, can only do what God does. This article contributes to scholarship in medieval philosophy or theology by making this connection explicit and by thoroughly exploring the link between Abelard and his ancient predecessors.
Mission and ethics in Galatians
Authors: Kok Jacobus
Published: May 2011

In this article, it is investigated how the concepts identity, ethics and ethos interrelate, and how the ethics of the Pauline communities in Galatians functioned against the background of the missionary context of the early church. The author argued that the missionary dimension originated in the context of the missio Dei, and that God called Paul as a missionary to be taken up in the latter. The missionary process did not end with Paul, but was designed to be carried further by believers who should be, by their very nature, missionary. In the process, the author investigated how the transformation of identity (the understanding of self, God and others) leads to the creation of ethical values and how it is particularised in different socioreligious and cultural contexts in the development of the early church. The author argued that there is an implicit missionary dimension in the ethics of Paul in Galatians. In the process, it is argued that those who want to speak of ethics should make something of mission, and those who speak of mission in Galatians, should speak about the role of identity, ethics and ethos in the letter.
‘Epistemology models ontology’− In gesprek met John Polkinghorne
Authors: Buitendag Johan
Published: May 2011

The famous premise of John Polkinghorne, ‘epistemology models ontology’, has been assessed in this article. It is interpreted that its logic is based on a linear trajectory of knowledge → being. Polkinghorne places much emphasis on the fact that he pursues a ‘bottom-up’ approach, that is, an inductive way of going about with reality. He opts for a ‘critical realist’ view of reality that leads him to interpret indeterminacy (Heisenberg) as a sign of actual ontological openness to the future and not primarily as an epistemological deficit. He applies subsequently the doctrine of the Trinity as a hermeneutical tool to understand reality. The author argues that Polkinghorne is inconsistent in this venture and that he should consider a multidimensional approach, where epistemology and ontology model each other mutually, that is, knowledge ↔ being. In order to acknowledge the stratification of reality and the pluriformity of epistemologies, it is suggested that a rather ‘constructive-realist’ approach would serve better the theology of Polkinghorne; this is a shift from epistemology to hermeneutics.
Back to basics: 'The Almighty Father' revisited
Authors: Bons-Storm Riet
Published: May 2011

The article focused on the questions of how male dominance came about in theology and the church, what makes it so persistent and what can be done. It argued that patriarchy is based on androcentric ways of thinking, feeling and acting that colour all of culture and society. Patriarchy and androcentrism perpetuate the status quo through language. They provide a template for attributing meaning to reality. They still have a profound effect on theology and ecclesial institutions. This can be seen clearly in the concept of God, the ‘Almighty Father’. The article made a case for a theology that has the courage to analyse how and where it idolises the patriarchal template and that imagines a God other than the patriarchal ‘Almighty Father’: a God who walks with Her or His friends in gracious, empowering love, not ‘almighty’ but honouring the responsibility She or He gave them. The article concludes that the life of Jesus as the human being who mirrors God’s love, friendship and passion for justice inspires a different way of how God could be imagined.
Memory, collective memory, orality and the gospels
Authors: Duling Dennis C.
Published: May 2011

This article first explores individual memory as understood from the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans to modern-day neurology and psychology. The perspective is correlated with collective memory theory in the works of Halbwachs, Connerton, Gillis, Fentress and Wickham, Olick, Schwartz, Jan and Alida Assmann and Kirk and Thatcher. The relevance of ‘orality’ is highlighted in Kelber’s works, as well as in oral poetry performance by illiterate Yugoslavian bards, as discussed in studies by Parry, Lord and Havelock. Kelber’s challenge of Bultmann’s theory of oral tradition in the gospels is also covered. The article concludes with observations and reflections, opting for a position of moderate−to−strong constructionism.
‘Praise beyond Words’: Psalm 150 as grand finale of the crescendo in the Psalter
Authors: Human Dirk J.
Published: May 2011

Without doubt the final hymn of the Psalter can be described as the climax, or grand finale, of the Israelite faith’s most known hymnbook. In this psalm, sound and action are blended into a picture of ecstatic joy. The whole universe is called upon to magnify Yah(weh), the God of Israel. The text poses various exegetical challenges. In the past, Psalm 150 was traditionally analysed as a single text; but with the advent of the canonical and redactionhistorical approaches to the interpretation of the Book of Psalms, Psalm 150 can be interpreted as part of the final Hallel (Pss 146–150), or Book V (Pss 107–150) of the Psalter. This view opens up new possibilities for reading the psalm in broader contexts and its broader literary context(s) illuminate its theological significance. This article is an attempt at reflecting on the psalm’s context(s), structure, Gattung and dates of origin, tradition-historical relations to the Pentateuch, Psalms and other Old Testament texts. Ultimately some reflections on the psalm’s theological significance will be suggested.
The socio-rhetorical force of ‘truth talk’ and lies: The case of 1 John
Authors: Neufeld Dietmar
Published: May 2011

This article canvassed Greek and Roman sources for discussions concerning truth talk and lies. It has investigated what social historians and/or anthropologists are saying about truth talking and lying and has developed a model that will examine the issue of truth and lying in socio-religious terms as defined by the Graeco-Roman sources. The article tracked down the socio-rhetorical force of truth talk and lies, in terms of how they are strategically deployed to negotiate authority, to exert epistemic control, to define a personal and communal identity and to defend innovation in the midst of competing truth claims. It focused on the New Testament writing (1 John) and demonstrated that the author, in his desire to establish and defend his vision of truth, resorts to a style of truth talk endemic to the literary habits of Graeco-Roman antiquity. In so doing, the author established himself as a credible witness, set himself apart from those propounding falsehoods and, to some extent, distanced himself from the vision of truth propounded in the Gospel of John.
Towards a critique of indigenous African religion
Authors: Strijdom Johan
Published: May 2011

In this article, it is argued that a postcolonial critique of the colonial study of religion should not preclude a critique of indigenous African religion itself. The latter may be developed from a human rights perspective and a critique of exclusionary views of indigeneity. The argument is illustrated by means of specific case studies.
Incidence and Symptoms of High Altitude Illness in South Pole Workers: Antarctic Study of Altitude Physiology (ASAP)
Authors: Anderson Paul J. , Miller Andrew D. , O'malley Kathy A. , Ceridon Maile L. , Beck Kenneth C. , Wood Christina M. , Wiste Heather J. , Mueller Joshua J. , Johnson Jacob B. , Johnson Bruce D.
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Each year, the US Antarctic Program rapidly transports scientists and support personnel from sea level (SL) to the South Pole (SP, 2835 m) providing a unique natural laboratory to quantify the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS), patterns of altitude related symptoms and the field effectiveness of acetazolamide in a highly controlled setting. We hypothesized that the combination of rapid ascent (3 hr), accentuated hypobarism (relative to altitude), cold, and immediate exertion would increase altitude illness risk.

Methods

Medically screened adults (N = 246, age = 37 ± 11 yr, 30% female, BMI = 26 ± 4 kg/m2) were recruited. All underwent SL and SP physiological evaluation, completed Lake Louise symptom questionnaires (LLSQ, to define AMS), and answered additional symptom related questions (eg, exertional dyspnea, mental status, cough, edema and general health), during the 1st week at altitude. Acetazolamide, while not mandatory, was used by 40% of participants.

Results

At SP, the barometric pressure resulted in physiological altitudes that approached 3400 m, while T °C averaged -42, humidity 0.03%. Arterial oxygen saturation averaged 89% ± 3%. Overall, 52% developed LLSQ defined AMS. The most common symptoms reported were exertional dyspnea-(87%), sleeping difficulty-(74%), headache-(66%), fatigue-(65%), and dizziness/lightheadedness-(46%). Symptom severity peaked on days 1-2, yet in >20% exertional dyspnea, fatigue and sleep problems persisted through day 7. AMS incidence was similar between those using acetazolamide and those abstaining (51 vs. 52%, P = 0.87). Those who used acetazolamide tended to be older, have less altitude experience, worse symptoms on previous exposures, and less SP experience.

Conclusion

The incidence of AMS at SP tended to be higher than previously reports in other geographic locations at similar altitudes. Thus, the SP constitutes a more intense altitude exposure than might be expected considering physical altitude alone. Many symptoms persist, possibly due to extremely cold, arid conditions and the benefits of acetazolamide appeared negligible, though it may have prevented more severe symptoms in higher risk subjects.
Gemcitabine: Efficacy in the Treatment of Advanced Stage Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hayashi Hidetoshi , Kurata Takayasu , Nakagawa Kazuhiko
Published: May 2011

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in many countries. Approximately half of the patients with non-small cell lung cancer have advanced disease and systemic chemotherapy, especially platinum-based doublets, is currently the standard treatment. Several trials have recently indicated the importance of histological subtype for treatment with molecular target chemotherapy and pemetrexed. Over the last decade, gemcitabine, a pyrimidine nucleoside antimetabolite, has been one of the most effective agents for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. It is unknown whether histological type is a predictor of the outcome of treatment with this agent. This is a review of the past trials and reviews of first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC, focusing on efficacy and safety of treatment with gemcitabine according to histological subtype.
Evolutionary Implications and Physicochemical Analyses of Selected Proteins of Type III Polyketide Synthase Family
Authors: Mallika V. , Sivakumar K.C. , Soniya E.V.
Published: May 2011

Type III polyketide synthases have a substantial role in the biosynthesis of various polyketides in plants and microorganisms. Comparative proteomic analysis of type III polyketide synthases showed evolutionarily and structurally related positions in a compilation of amino acid sequences from different families. Bacterial and fungal type III polyketide synthase proteins showed <50% similarity but in higher plants, it exhibited >80% among chalcone synthases and >70% in the case of non-chalcone synthases. In a consensus phylogenetic tree based on 1000 replicates; bacterial, fungal and plant proteins were clustered in separate groups. Proteins from bryophytes and pteridophytes grouped immediately near to the fungal cluster, demonstrated how evolutionary lineage has occurred among type III polyketide synthase proteins. Upon physicochemical analysis, it was observed that the proteins localized in the cytoplasm and were hydrophobic in nature. Molecular structural analysis revealed comparatively stable structure comprising of alpha helices and random coils as major structural components. It was found that there was a decline in the structural stability with active site mutation as prophesied by the in silico mutation studies.
Isoresonant Complex-valued Potentials and Symmetries
Authors: Autin Aymeric
Published: May 2011

Let X be a connected Riemannian manifold such that the resolvent of the free Laplacian , has a meromorphic continuation through . The poles of this continuation are called resonances. When X has some symmetries, we construct complex-valued potentials, V, such that the resolvent of, which has also ameromorphic continuation, has the same resonances with multiplicities as the free Laplacian.
Hook-content Formulae for Symplectic and Orthogonal Tableaux
Authors: Campbell Peter S. , Stokke Anna
Published: May 2011

By considering the specialisation sλ(1, q, q2, … , qn–1) of the Schur function, Stanley was able to describe a formula for the number of semistandard Young tableaux of shape λ in terms of the contents and hook lengths of the boxes in the Young diagram. Using specialisations of symplectic and orthogonal Schur functions, we derive corresponding formulae, first given by El Samra and King, for the number of semistandard symplectic and orthogonal λ-tableaux.
Weighted Model Sets and their Higher Point-Correlations
Authors: Deng Xinghua , Moody Robert V.
Published: May 2011

Examples of distinct weighted model sets with equal 2, 3, 4, 5-point correlations are given.
Characterizations of Three Classes of Zero-Divisor Graphs
Authors: LaGrange John D.
Published: May 2011

The zero-divisor graph Γ(R) of a commutative ring R is the graph whose vertices consist of the nonzero zero-divisors of R such that distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = 0. In this paper, a characterization is provided for zero-divisor graphs of Boolean rings. Also, commutative rings R such that Γ(R) is isomorphic to the zero-divisor graph of a direct product of integral domains are classified, as well as those whose zero-divisor graphs are central vertex complete.
Chen Inequalities for Submanifolds of Real Space Forms with a Semi-Symmetric Non-Metric Connection
Authors: Özgür Cihan , Mihai Adela
Published: May 2011

In this paper we prove Chen inequalities for submanifolds of real space forms endowed with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection, i.e., relations between the mean curvature associated with a semi-symmetric non-metric connection, scalar and sectional curvatures, Ricci curvatures and the sectional curvature of the ambient space. The equality cases are considered.
Las mujeres, en el ámbito de la producción publicitaria. Estudio del sector publicitario gallego desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: García-González Aurora , Piñeiro-Otero Teresa
Published: May 2011

En los últimos años, la publicidad ha recibido numerosas críticas ante el abuso que sus mensajes realizan de determinadas representaciones de género. Unos mensajes que son fruto de un cuidado proceso de elaboración, en el que se reflejan los valores y actitudes de los profesionales implicados. La hipótesis de partida de esta investigación ha sido la de considerar que la persistencia de estereotipos sexistas en la publicidad está relacionada con la ausencia de mujeres en aquellos departamentos vinculados al arte final. En este sentido, el objeto de este trabajo ha sido conocer la situación de las mujeres dentro del sector publicitario gallego, con especial atención a su participación en la creación de los mensajes. Un estudio que ha sido abordado desde la perspectiva del proceso de producción publicitaria y que pretende establecer comparación con la situación de las trabajadoras en el mercado publicitario estatal.
The Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Kraus Dennis , Shaha Ashok R , O'Neill James Paul , Femina Jennifer La
Published: May 2011

A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anomaly and estimated to be present in 0.25 to 0.99% of patients.1 The identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is an essential part of thyroid surgery. It is now well-known that the recurrent laryngeal nerve is not only a single nerve but also a complex branching network of innervation. Thyroid surgery demands a precise understanding of the anatomical intimacy between the gland and surrounding structures, including the parathyroid glands and neurovascular tissue. The morbidity associated with thyroid surgery, in the short-term, generally relates to hematoma collection and hypocalcemia. Long-term morbidity is more commonly seen with dysphonia and vocal cord dysfunction due to superior laryngeal nerve damage and its role in explosive sound formation, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, its tortuous anatomical course, and its role in laryngeal musculature innervation.

We review the literature on this subject and report three cases of the rare nonrecurrent anomaly, firstly a 75-year-old lady with a large retrosternal goiter. During her initial work-up which included a CT scan of the thorax, an ‘arteria lusoria' was identified in the retroesophageal plane. Intraoperatively, a right-sided nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (NRILN) was identified. The second case is of a 63-year-old lady with a right-sided type 1 nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve which we identified and photographed when medially retracting the gland off the central compartment and ligament of Berry. The third case is that of a 45-year-old lady with a right-sided thyroid nodule and a right-sided NRILN identified intraoperatively.
What is the Ideal CO2 Insufflation Pressure for Endoscopic Thyroidectomy? Personal Experience with Five Cases of Goiter
Authors: PRK Bhargav , A Kusumanjali , R Nagaraju , V Amar
Published: May 2011

Introduction

The endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) using high CO2 insufflation pressures (CIP) are prone to complications, such as hypercarbia, acidosis, pneumomediastinum and cardiac arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to analyse the perioperative events and CO2 related morbidity in five cases of endoscopic thyroidectomy in our experience.

Methods

Between Febraury 2010 and August 2010 (6 months), five cases of benign goiters operated with extracervical ET technique in endocrine surgery department of a teritiary care hospital of southern India were studied. Clinicopathological, operative and morbidity data were documented and analyzed.

Results

All the five patients were women and mean age was 37.2 years (25-46). CIP of 12 to 14 mm Hg was used for creation of working space and CIP of 8 to 10 mm Hg for its maintainence. Average operative time was 135 minutes (65-212). Two cases had to be converted into open procedure due to gas related complications, such as hypercarbia, acidosis and ventricular tachycardia.

Conclusions

CO2 insufflation pressure (CIP) of 10 to 12 mm Hg for creation of working space and 6 to 8 mm Hg for maintainence of space is optimal. A protocol based on CIP, monitoring and intermittent desufflation is recommended for safe ET with minimum complications.
Hypocalcemia and Hoarseness Following Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Disease: Relationship of Incidence to the Size of the Gland
Authors: Fernando R , Chandrasinghe PC , Bandara M
Published: May 2011

Introduction

Total thyroidectomy is considered as the standard surgical procedure for most malignancies and benign disease involving both lobes of the thyroid gland. Postoperative complications are likely to be commoner when the thyroid gland is large in size due to the alteration of structural anatomy.

Methods

Postoperative complications of 102 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for benign disease, by the same surgeon, were analyzed. Patients were prospectively followed up and presence of hoarseness and hypocalcemia, both transient and temporary, were compared with the weight of the gland.

Results

Fourteen patients developed hypocalcemia of which 12 (11.7%) had transient and 2 (1.96%) had permanent deficiencies. Eight patients developed hoarseness following surgery of which seven (6.86%) had transient and only one (0.98%) had permanent hoarseness. A mean thyroid weight of 91.78 gm was observed in the uncomplicated group. Those who developed postoperative hypocalcemia and transient hoarseness had a mean thyroid weight over 100 gm. One patient, who had a thyroid weighing 195 gm developed permanent hoarseness due to RLN injury.

Conclusion

There is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of transient RLN and transient or permanent hypocalcemia. With increased size of the thyroid gland increased rate of complications was observed with a mean thyroid weight above 100 gm. There may be a significant risk of permanent RLN injury when the thyroid gland is enlarged over 10 times (closer to 200 gm) its normal size.
Decision Making in Lateral Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Sankhla Suresh , Morwani KP , Agrawal Rahul , Jayashankar Narayan
Published: May 2011

Lateral skull base surgery encompasses a number of lesions and also a variety of approaches to deal with them. Correct understanding of the nature of the lesion as also various patient factors are used to decide on surgical option wherever indicated. The extent of the lesion and also the involvement of structures adjacent to the lesion is discussed with the neuroradiology team, and is very important in deciding the most favorable surgical approach. The subject is explained preoperatively about staging of the procedure, if needed. The principle is to gain maximal exposure of the lesion with good control of the neurovascular structures along the surgical route, so as to minimize morbidity. Correct decision making and good skill help in achieving the best possible results.