bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Shining
Authors: Mee Laura
Published: February 2021

Taking a fresh look at The Shining (1980), this book situates the film within the history of the horror genre and examines its rightful status as one of the greatest horror movies ever made. It explores how Stanley Kubrick's filmmaking style, use of dark humour, and ambiguous approach to supernatural storytelling complements generic conventions, and it analyses the effective choices made in adapting King's book for the screen—stripping the novel's backstory, rejecting its clear explanations of the Overlook Hotel's hauntings, and emphasizing the strained relationships of the Torrance family. The fractured family unit and patriarchal terror of Kubrick's film, alongside its allusions to issues of gender, race, and class, connect it to themes prevalent in horror cinema by the end of the 1970s, and are shown to offer a critique of American society that chimed with the era's political climate as well as its genre trends. The film's impact on horror cinema and broader pop culture is ever apparent, with homages in everything from Toy Story to American Horror Story. The Shining showed that popular, commercial horror films could be smart, artistic, and original.
Adapting The Shining
Authors: Mee Laura
Published: February 2021

This chapter examines the process of adapting Stephen King's book The Shining. Looking at how and why parts of the book were adapted (rather than just focusing on what changed) allows for a coherent appreciation of Stanley Kubrick's film as a significant horror movie. Moreover, The Shining provides an ideal case study for more nuanced theories of adaptation which consider films ‘in relation to the history of generic conventions within which both the film and its source text are situated. In other words, a film participates in—and should therefore be conceptualized as part of—a sequence of adaptations of which the “original” text, in turn, constitutes a segment’. Changing the story's horrific nature does not result in it being less suited to the horror genre, it just offers a different take on its conventions. Comparing the film directly to its equally iconic source text results in inevitable competition in which the original will often ‘win’, even when then the two serve different functions. In addition to analysing adaptation, considering the film within the context of its production and its creators' filmmaking style, and looking at its position within the genre and its themes, offers a fuller picture of The Shining's effective approach to horror.
Looking Again: The Critical Heritage
Authors: Gildersleeve Jessica
Published: February 2021

This chapter examines Don't Look Now (1973) in the context of Daphne Du Maurier's Gothic narratives, with particular emphasis on those which had previously been adapted to film, and Nicolas Roeg's earlier films, particularly those which deal with themes of trauma and violence. It proposes that Du Maurier and Roeg's works should be read within the context of mid- to late-twentieth-century British culture, considering them as particularly concerned to depict the cultural traumas of the period. Although there are some distinctive differences between the film and the story from which it is adapted, one must not forget that Don't Look Now is adapted from a literary text, and that this may have implications for the representations and adaptations of trauma in contemporary literature and film. The chapter then reviews the existing studies of the film and the story from which it is adapted. It interrogates Don't Look Now's critical heritage as both avoiding and approaching the ever-retreating position of the trauma-text: a simultaneous recognition and avowal of the film's horror and its anxieties.
The House of Sci-Fi: Hammer and Science Fiction
Authors: Riddle Nick
Published: February 2021

This chapter examines Hammer and its history with science fiction. Hammer had become, by 1963, an easy studio to pin down: the broader production slate of the 1950s had been narrowed to mainly produce Gothic horror and modern thriller/slasher films, with little interest in cultural 'respectability'. Since Hammer's first feature-length film, however, its slate of releases covered a multitude of subjects and genres such as mysteries, comedies, crime dramas and noirs, and science fiction. A certain amount of commentary on Joseph Losey's The Damned (1963) has identified it as an anomaly in the Hammer catalogue. There is its frequent description as a kind of hybrid, mixing the biker/delinquent movie with the science fiction genre; but Hammer had previous form in this department. The genre mix in The Damned is more ungainly than most because, rather than running concurrently throughout the film, the genres tend to interrupt each other.
Synopsis
Authors: Towlson Jon
Published: February 2021

Chicago, present day. Helen Lyle (Virginia Madsen), a graduate student researching urban legends, investigates a series of murders in the Cabrini-Green housing projects supposedly committed by a hook-handed killer called the Candyman. Residents of the projects believe the Candyman to be the vengeful spirit of a slave’s son who was lynched by a mob in 1890 after falling in love and fathering a child with a white landowner’s daughter. Aided by single mother Anne-Marie McCoy (Vanessa Williams) and a young boy called Jake (DeJuan Guy), Helen traces the Candyman’s killings to an empty apartment in Cabrini-Green, and is later attacked in a toilet block by a man with a hook. With Helen’s co-operation, the police apprehend the attacker, a local drug dealer (Terrence Riggins) who has adopted the Candyman persona in order to terrorise the residents, and the dealer is charged with the Cabrini-Green murders....
Where Goes the Neighbourhood?
Authors: Grimm Joshua
Published: February 2021

This chapter looks at one of the reviews of David Robert Mitchell's It Follows from a local paper in Detroit, which describes the film's surroundings as disorienting but well-suited to the local landscape. It mentions Mitchell's emphasis on the importance of Detroit as the city where he grew up and as the site for his first movie The Myth of the American Sleepover. It also talks about Detroit's economic decline, with the city losing over a quarter of a million people between 2000 and 2010 and half its entire population since 1950. The chapter explores other horror films that discuss urban poverty, such as The People Under the Stairs (1991) and Candyman (1992). It highlights the difficulty of separating issues of class and race in US horror cinema.
Path to Victory
Authors: Grimm Joshua
Published: February 2021

This chapter investigates the final scene of David Robert Mitchell'sIt Follows as the ultimate conclusion for whomever is tethered to the entity. It reviews the entity that possesses the ability to move through obstacles at a walking pace until it gets within close proximity to its target. It also discusses the urban legend, which is a story that has exposition, an inciting incident, climax, and denouement. The chapter analyses how certain narratives become salient through the urban legend and become enmeshed in the fears, concerns, even pleasures of a particular cultural moment. It explores how the urban legend is useful as a warning about a local threat within the context of the horror genre.
The Aftermath
Authors: Skaff Sheila
Published: February 2021

This chapter mentions Paweł Pawlikowski's acceptance speech after Ida won the 2015 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, which was the first time that a film from Poland had won the award. It analyses Pawlikowski's description of Ida as a film in black-and-white that stresses the need for contemplation and silence from the world. It also recounts Ida's world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival in Telluride, Colorado on August 30, 2013 and its rise to recognition by 2014. The chapter details how Ida received positive reviews in Western Europe and North America from the time of its premiere. It looks at Kenneth Turan's review of Ida in The Los Angeles Times, which described Ida as a film of exceptional artistry whose emotions are as potent and persuasive as its images are indelibly beautiful.
Cherry Pie Wrapped in Barbed Wire: Fire Walk With Me as a Horror Movie
Authors: Hallam Lindsay
Published: February 2021

This chapter discusses Twin Peaks and its engagement with and subversion of genre conventions. It discloses how the Twin Peaks television series is viewed as a work of postmodernism and a pastiche of several genres that provide references to film noir, which gives the series a cinematic feel. It also points out that the Twin Peaks series parodied television genre conventions, while David Lynch's Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me is less interested in parody and pastiche and presents a more personal and subjective story. The chapter examines how Fire Walk With Me reveals more of the strange and unearthly realm that exists side-by-side with the town where larger forces of good and evil fight to gain control of Laura's soul. It describes the strong sense of the supernatural in Fire Walk With Me; an element that situates the film in the horror genre through the creation of mythical and mystical spaces.
‘This Was Never Meant to be a Game’: Rollerball’s Reception then and Now
Authors: Nette Andrew
Published: February 2021

This chapter focuses on Rollerball's reception, the immediate critical reaction and box office performance and more recent critical commentary. It studies how the publicity efforts of the film's distributor, United Artists (UA), helped to pump prime controversy over the film's violence. In the United States, at least, this overshadowed Norman Jewison's desire to make a picture critiquing corporate power and rising violence in sport, contributed to its poor critical reception as an exploitation film, and even fuelled short-lived speculation that Rollerball might become a real sport. The chapter then looks at the film's cultural influence, concluding with some brief remarks on Rollerball's place in the broader body of murder game films. This is a broad cinematic output that spans reality TV parodies, Italian exploitation cinema and B-movies, mainstream science fiction, and YA dystopian films.
Legacy
Authors: Arnold Darren
Published: February 2021

This chapter highlights the legacy and influence of Ken Russell's The Devils (1973). The Devils is a film which concurrently exists both within and without of horror. The presence of a timeless, universal message should not be seen as a sign that Russell is merely using the genre as a vehicle on which to relay loftier concerns, but rather proof that some of the best horror films have an exceptionally long reach. It is not so much a film which works on different levels, but rather one in which the political and the personal, the fine detail and the broad canvas, the earth-shattering and the life-changing all collude and shift around in the same space, ready mixed for viewer consumption. The audience does not have to process the film in terms of layers, or separate the literal from the analogous, as with The Devils Russell created a work which affords the viewer that rarest of opportunities: to simultaneously think and feel.
In the Hall of the Mountain King
Authors: Deighan Samm
Published: February 2021

This chapter explores the use of the murderer as protagonist, which is one of the themes that positions Fritz Lang's M as an important entry in early horror cinema. It compares M with Alfred Hitchcock's film The Lodger in 1927, which are radically different in their protagonists as Hitchcock keeps the identity of his killer a mystery, while Lang reveals his immediately. It also explores how Peter Lorre's portrayal of Hans Beckert not only shaped his career but went on to influence future sympathetic serial killer characters. The chapter discusses Beckert as the undeniable focus of the film and stands as a lone individual character in an essentially nameless mob. It describes Beckert's character as a sort of victimised antihero that is hunted and persecuted, while also serving as the vilest of antagonists.
The Sleeper Has Awakened: After Dune
Authors: McCrea Christian
Published: February 2021

This chapter explores the cultural impact of David Lynch's Dune. It considers the actual box office numbers to assess the damage of the so-called bomb. It also revisits some of the strange collection of the merchandise and examine the series of videogames which significantly contributed to the film's enduring cultural legacy, but which all too often fall under the radar of screen media scholars. The chapter reviews Dune with the benefit of hindsight and considers its legacy and meaning for contemporary audiences. It mentions Dr. Dean Brandum, a film historian and film exhibition scholar, who analyzed the conditions by which Dune failed with audiences that seemed obscure and abstract.
The Two Bearded Behemoths of Fright
Authors: Brown Simon
Published: February 2021

This introductory chapter provides an interview of George A. Romero's Creepshow (1982). When Stephen King and Romero announced in 1982 that they were working together to produce a horror film with the no-nonsense scary title Creepshow, the news was met by horror film fans with excitement but also a certain amount of trepidation. Both Romero and King were hitting their stride as masters of their respective mediums. Creepshow saw King and Romero collaborating as equals, which as far as the author was concerned, made this a very different and much more exciting prospect compared to the previous adaptations of his novels. While Romero and King, described by Fangoria as ‘two bearded behemoths of fright’, would spend much of their later careers promising horror fans that they would work together again, Creepshow was to be their sole collaboration as director and writer.
The Most Fun You’ll Have Being Scared: Creepshow and Humour
Authors: Brown Simon
Published: February 2021

This chapter explores the way in which George A. Romero's Creepshow (1982) is situated within the early 1980s tradition of the horror comedy. If Creepshow did not have the level of savage violence and equally fierce social commentary that they expected from Romero, what did remain largely intact was Romero's subversive humour. This merging of the gory and the funny was an identifiable trope in the emerging splatter and body horror movement. King's comedy is sometimes even broader, particularly in his screenplays, which often lack the sophistication of Romero's use of humour in Dawn of the Dead. Although Creepshow was advertised as ‘The most fun you'll have being scared’, the film does not aim for big laughs. In general, Creepshow uses humour to undermine the horrors of what is depicted, which is similar to the way in which EC used puns.
The Human Condom and Other Signs of Loneliness
Authors: Kord Susanne
Published: February 2021

This chapter cites human interaction in Terry Gilliam's 12 Monkeys which suggests that closeness is virtually impossible, whether in the 'future' or in the 'past'. It talks about the setting in 12 Monkeys, where there is a constant need to guard against infection that forces future humanity into protective shells called human condoms. It also describes the 12 Monkeys's many mythical characters, cross-over characters, look-alikes, half-remembered faces, misremembered faces, and disembodied voices. The chapter examines why communication, even about rather important things like the end of the world, so often ends in total misunderstanding, as it does in the scene with Cole and Goines. The chapter explores how identity is presented as uncertain, unsettled, and conflicted in the film.
Strangers on a Plane: On Not Answering the Big Question
Authors: Kord Susanne
Published: February 2021

This chapter looks at the penultimate scene of Terry Gilliam's 12 Monkeys, which shows the bird's eye shot of young Cole getting in the car and a close-up of his eyes as they follow a plane. It discusses how the mysterious plane scene seems to have bothered viewers a great deal and kept coming up in interviews with Gilliam. It also mentions a scene in 12 Monkeys that seems to offer a final comment on the free will versus determinism dilemma. The chapter analyses how humanity's survival must be purchased with the coin of human misery stretching far into the post-apocalyptic future, which is a concept that is made to be accepted in 12 Monkeys. It mentions Drew Goddard's The Cabin in the Woods from 2012, in which two dying teenagers respond whether it is acceptable to have a world in which humans are capable of the deliberate slaughter of others.
More Monkeys: The TV series
Authors: Kord Susanne
Published: February 2021

This chapter mentions Terry Matalas and Travis Fickett, the 12 Monkeys series' creators, who originally conceived the TV series simply as a time-travelling show with no relation to Terry Gilliam's film 12 Monkeys. It recounts how the 12 Monkeys series started out by ripping off the film's basic plot: a virus that wipes out the planet's population and a team of scientists from the future that send a man back in time to fix it all. It also points out how Cole's death at the airport, the original film's most traumatic scene and driver of its plot, was unceremoniously deleted in the 12 Monkeys series. The chapter discusses the basic premises that the 12 Monkeys series relies on, such as linear time. It explains the central theme of the moralistic drama of the ethical struggle between personal motives and the Greater Good.
Rise of a New World
Authors: Dinello Dan
Published: February 2021

This chapter details how Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men fuses its political critique of xenophobia, disaster apartheid, and nationalistic ideologies with transreligious allusions to Christianity, Eastern mysticism, and other spiritual traditions. It discusses Cuarón's suggestion on the establishment of an evolutionary shift that naturally exterminates the unfit creators of the old biopolitical order and gives rise to a new all-female species of humanity. It also talks about Children of Men character Kee and the Human Project that represents a utopian hope that motivates rebellion. The chapter mentions some critiques of Children of Men that argues that the film inadvertently supports the current biopolitical hierarchy. It highlights several critics that viewed Children of Men as a modern-day nativity story.
Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY
∗
Authors: Wang 王 J. J. 劲飞 , Vigan A. , Lacour S. , Nowak M. , Stolker T. , De Rosa R. J. , Ginzburg S. , Gao P. , Abuter R. , Amorim A. , Asensio-Torres R. , Bauböck M. , Benisty M. , Berger J. P. , Beust H. , Beuzit J.-L. , Blunt S. , Boccaletti A. , Bohn A. , Bonnefoy M. , Bonnet H. , Brandner W. , Cantalloube F. , Caselli P. , Charnay B. , Chauvin G. , Choquet E. , Christiaens V. , Clénet Y. , du Foresto V. Coudé , Cridland A. , Zeeuw P. T. de , Dembet R. , Dexter J. , Drescher A. , Duvert G. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Facchini S. , Gao F. , Garcia P. , Lopez R. Garcia , Gardner T. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Girard J. , Haubois X. , Heißel G. , Henning T. , Hinkley S. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Houllé M. , Hubert Z. , Jiménez-Rosales A. , Jocou L. , Kammerer J. , Keppler M. , Kervella P. , Meyer M. , Kreidberg L. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lapeyrère V. , Bouquin J.-B. Le , Léna P. , Lutz D. , Maire A.-L. , Ménard F. , Mérand A. , Mollière P. , Monnier J. D. , Mouillet D. , Müller A. , Nasedkin E. , Ott T. , Otten G. P. P. L. , Paladini C. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Pueyo L. , Rameau J. , Rodet L. , Rodríguez-Coira G. , Rousset G. , Scheithauer S. , Shangguan J. , Shimizu T. , Stadler J. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , Dishoeck E. F. van , Vincent F. , Fellenberg S. D. von , Ward-Duong K. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J. ,   The GRAVITY Collaboration
Published: February 2021

We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 μas precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricity for PDS 70 b of 0.17 ± 0.06, a near-circular orbit for PDS 70 c, and an orbital configuration that is consistent with the planets migrating into a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Enforcing dynamical stability, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the mass of PDS 70 b of 10 M
Jup, while the mass of PDS 70 c was unconstrained. The GRAVITY K-band spectra rules out pure blackbody models for the photospheres of both planets. Instead, the models with the most support from the data are planetary atmospheres that are dusty, but the nature of the dust is unclear. Any circumplanetary dust around these planets is not well constrained by the planets’ 1–5 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and requires longer wavelength data to probe with SED analysis. However with VLTI/GRAVITY, we made the first observations of a circumplanetary environment with sub-astronomical-unit spatial resolution, placing an upper limit of 0.3 au on the size of a bright disk around PDS 70 b.
Reconstructing the Universe: Testing the Mutual Consistency of the Pantheon and SDSS/eBOSS BAO Data Sets with Gaussian Processes
Authors: Keeley Ryan E. , Shafieloo Arman , Zhao Gong-Bo , Vazquez Jose Alberto , Koo Hanwool
Published: February 2021

We test the mutual consistency between the baryon acoustic oscillation measurements from the eBOSS SDSS final release and the Pantheon supernova compilation in a model-independent fashion using Gaussian process regression. We also test their joint consistency with the ΛCDM model in a model-independent fashion. We also use Gaussian process regression to reconstruct the expansion history that is preferred by these two data sets. While this methodology finds no significant preference for model flexibility beyond ΛCDM, we are able to generate a number of reconstructed expansion histories that fit the data better than the best-fit ΛCDM model. These example expansion histories may point the way toward modifications to ΛCDM. We also constrain the parameters Ω
k
and H
0
r

d
both with ΛCDM and with Gaussian process regression. We find that H
0
r

d
= 10,030 ± 130 km s−1 and Ω
k
= 0.05 ± 0.10 for ΛCDM and that H
0
r

d
= 10,040 ± 140 km s−1 and Ω
k
= 0.02 ± 0.20 for the Gaussian process case.
Interstellar Extinction, Polarization, and Grain Alignment in the Sh 2-185 (IC 59 and IC 63) Region
Authors: Soam Archana , Andersson B-G , Straižys V. , Caputo Miranda , Kazlauskas A. , Boyle R. P. , Janusz R. , Zdanavičius J. , Acosta-Pulido J. A.
Published: February 2021

Optical and infrared continuum polarization from the interstellar medium is driven by radiative processes aligning the grains with the magnetic field. While a quantitative, predictive theory of radiative alignment torques (RATs) exists and has been extensively tested, several parameters of the theory remain to be fully constrained. In a recent paper, Medan & Andersson showed that the polarization efficiency (and therefore grain alignment efficiency) at different locations in the wall of the Local Bubble (LB) could be modeled as proportional to the integrated light intensity from the surrounding stars and OB associations. Here we probe that relationship at high radiation field intensities by studying the extinction and polarization in the two reflection nebulae IC 59 and IC 63 in the Sh 2-185 H ii region, illuminated by the B0 IV star γ Cassiopeia. We combine archival visual polarimetry with new seven-band photometry in the Vilnius system, to derive the polarization efficiency from the material. We find that the same linear relationship seen in the LB wall also applies to the Sh 2-185 region, strengthening the conclusion from the earlier study.
X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Highly Magnetized Pulsar PSR J1846-0258, Its Wind Nebula, and Hosting Supernova Remnant Kes 75
Authors: Gotthelf E. V. , Safi-Harb S. , Straal S. M. , Gelfand J. D.
Published: February 2021

We present broadband X-ray spectroscopy of the energetic components that make up the supernova remnant (SNR) Kesteven 75 using concurrent 2017 August 17–20 XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations, during which the pulsar PSR J1846−0258 is found to be in the quiescent state. The young remnant hosts a bright pulsar wind nebula powered by the highly energetic (

erg s−1) isolated, rotation-powered pulsar, with a spin-down age of only

. Its inferred magnetic field (B

s
= 4.9 × 1013 G) is the largest known for these objects, and is likely responsible for intervals of flare and burst activity, suggesting a transition between/to a magnetar state. The pulsed emission from PSR J1846−0258 is well-characterized in the 2–50 keV range by a power-law model with photon index ΓPSR = 1.24 ± 0.09 and a 2–10 keV unabsorbed flux of (2.3 ± 0.4) × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2. We find no evidence for an additional non-thermal component above 10 keV in the current state, as would be typical for a magnetar. Compared to the Chandra pulsar spectrum, the intrinsic pulsed fraction is 71 ± 16% in 2–10 keV band. A power-law spectrum for the pulsar wind nebulae (PWN) yields ΓPWN = 2.03 ± 0.02 in the 1–55 keV band, with no evidence of curvature in this range, and a 2–10 keV unabsorbed flux (2.13 ± 0.02) × 10−11 erg s−1 cm−2. The NuSTAR data reveal evidence for a hard X-ray component dominating the SNR spectrum above 10 keV that we attribute to a dust-scattered PWN component. We model the dynamical and radiative evolution of the Kes 75 system to estimate the birth properties of the neutron star, the energetics of its progenitor, and properties of the PWN. This suggests that the progenitor of Kes 75 was originally in a binary system which transferred most of its mass to a companion before exploding.
Magnetic Reconnection between Loops Accelerated By a Nearby Filament Eruption
Authors: Li Leping , Peter Hardi , Chitta Lakshmi Pradeep , Song Hongqiang , Ji Kaifan , Xiang YongYuan
Published: February 2021

Magnetic reconnection modulated by nonlocal disturbances in the solar atmosphere has been investigated theoretically, but rarely observed. In this study, employing Hα and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images and line-of-sight magnetograms, we report the acceleration of reconnection by an adjacent filament eruption. In Hα images, four groups of chromospheric fibrils are observed to form a saddle-like structure. Among them, two groups of fibrils converge and reconnect. Two newly reconnected fibrils then form and retract away from the reconnection region. In EUV images, similar structures and evolution of coronal loops are identified. The current sheet forms repeatedly at the interface of reconnecting loops, with a width and length of 1–2 and 5.3–7.2 Mm and a reconnection rate of 0.18–0.3. It appears in the EUV low-temperature channels, with an average differential emission measure (DEM) weighed temperature and EM of 2 MK and 2.5 × 1027 cm−5. Plasmoids appear in the current sheet and propagate along it, and then further along the reconnection loops. The filament, located to the southeast of the reconnection region, erupts and pushes away the loops covering the reconnection region. Thereafter, the current sheet has a width and length of 2 and 3.5 Mm and a reconnection rate of 0.57. It becomes much brighter and appears in the EUV high-temperature channels, with an average DEM-weighed temperature and EM of 5.5 MK and 1.7 × 1028 cm−5. In the current sheet, more hotter plasmoids form. More thermal and kinetic energy is hence converted. These results suggest that the reconnection is significantly accelerated by the propagating disturbance caused by the nearby filament eruption.
Predictions of Astrometric Jitter for Sun-like Stars. I. The Model and Its Application to the Sun as Seen from the Ecliptic
Authors: Shapiro Alexander I. , Solanki Sami K. , Krivova Natalie A.
Published: February 2021

The advent of Gaia, capable of measuring stellar wobbles caused by orbiting planets, raised interest in the astrometric detection of exoplanets. Another source of such wobbles (often also called jitter) is stellar magnetic activity. A quantitative assessment of the stellar astrometric jitter is important for a more reliable astrometric detection and characterization of exoplanets. We calculate the displacement of the solar photocenter due to the magnetic activity for an almost 16 yr period (1999 February 2–2014 August 1). We also investigate how the displacement depends on the spectral passband chosen for observations, including the wavelength range to be covered by the upcoming Small-JASMINE mission of JAXA. This is done by extending the SATIRE-S model for solar irradiance variability to calculating the displacement of the solar photocenter caused by the magnetic features on the surface of the Sun. We found that the peak-to-peak amplitude of the solar photocenter displacement would reach 0.5 μas if the Sun were located 10 pc away from the observer and observed in the Gaia G filter. This is by far too small to be detected by the Gaia mission. However, the Sun is a relatively inactive star so one can expect significantly larger signals for younger, and, consequently, more active stars. The model developed in this study can be combined with the simulations of emergence and surface transport of magnetic flux which have recently become available to model the astrometric jitter over the broad range of magnetic activities.
A Census of Blue Stragglers in Gaia DR2 Open Clusters as a Test of Population Synthesis and Mass Transfer Physics
Authors: Leiner Emily M. , Geller Aaron
Published: February 2021

We use photometry and proper motions from Gaia DR2 to determine the blue straggler star (BSS) populations of 16 old (1–10 Gyr), nearby (d < 3500 pc) open clusters. We find that the fractional number of BSS compared to red giant branch stars increases with age, starting near zero at 1 Gyr and flattening to ∼0.35 by 4 Gyr. Fitting stellar evolutionary tracks to these BSSs, we find that their mass distribution peaks at a few tenths of a solar mass above the main-sequence turnoff. BSSs more than 0.5 M
⊙ above the turnoff make up only ∼25% of the sample, and BSSs more than 1.0 M
⊙ above the turnoff are rare. We compare this to Compact Object Synthesis and Monte Carlo Investigation Code population synthesis models of BSSs formed via mass transfer. We find that standard population synthesis assumptions dramatically under-produce the number of BSS in old open clusters. We also find that these models overproduce high-mass BSSs relative to lower-mass BSSs. The expected number of BSSs formed through dynamics do not fully account for this discrepancy. We conclude that in order to explain the observed BSS populations from Roche lobe overflow, mass transfer from giant donors must be more stable than assumed in canonical mass-transfer prescriptions, and including nonconservative mass transfer is important in producing realistic BSS masses. Even with these modifications, it is difficult to achieve the large number of BSSs observed in the oldest open clusters. We discuss some additional physics that may explain the large number of observed blue stragglers among old stellar populations.
The First 3D Coronal Loop Model Heated by MHD Waves against Radiative Losses
Authors: Shi Mijie , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Guo Mingzhe , Karampelas Konstantinos , Li Bo , Antolin Patrick
Published: February 2021

In the quest to solve the long-standing coronal heating problem, it was suggested half a century ago that coronal loops could be heated by waves. Despite the accumulating observational evidence of the possible importance of coronal waves, still no 3D MHD simulations exist that show significant heating by MHD waves. Here we report on the first 3D coronal loop model that heats the plasma against radiative cooling. The coronal loop is driven at the footpoint by transverse oscillations, and subsequently the induced Kelvin–Helmholtz instability deforms the loop cross section and generates small-scale structures. Wave energy is transferred to smaller scales where it is dissipated, overcoming the internal energy losses by radiation. These results open up a new avenue to address the coronal heating problem.
Standing on Apollo’s Shoulders: A Microseismometer for the Moon
Authors: Nunn Ceri , Pike William T. , Standley Ian M. , Calcutt Simon B. , Kedar Sharon , Panning Mark P.
Published: February 2021

Seismometers deployed on the Moon by the Apollo astronauts from 1969 to 1972 detected moonquakes and impacts, and added to our understanding of the lunar interior. Several lunar missions are currently being planned, including the Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS), the Lunar Geophysical Network, and the astronaut program Artemis. We propose a microseismometer for the Moon: the Silicon Seismic Package (SSP). The SSP’s sensors are etched in silicon, and are predicted to have a noise floor below

2
×

10

−
10

(
m

s

−
2

)

/

Hz

between 0.3 and 3 Hz (similar to the Apollo instruments between 0.3 and 0.5 Hz, and better than Apollo above 0.5 Hz). The SSP will measure horizontal and vertical motion with the three sensors in a triaxial configuration. The instrument is robust to high shock and vibration and has an operational range from −80°C to +60°C, allowing deployment under harsh conditions. The first-generation version of this sensor, the SEIS-SP, was deployed on Mars in 2018 as part of the InSight mission’s seismic package. We will reconfigure the seismometer for the lower gravity of the Moon. We estimate that a single SSP instrument operating for one year would detect around 74 events above a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5, as well as an additional 500+ above the noise floor. A mission lasting from lunar dawn until dusk, carried on a CLPS lander, could test the instrument in situ, and provide invaluable information for an extensive future network.
Missing for almost 100 years: the rare and potentially threatened bee, Pharohylaeus lactiferus (Hymenoptera, Colletidae)
Authors: Dorey James B.
Published: February 2021

The Australian endemic bee,Pharohylaeus lactiferus(Colletidae: Hylaeinae) is a rare species that requires conservation assessment. Prior to this study, the last published record of this bee species was from 1923 in Queensland, and nothing was known of its biology. Hence, I aimed to locate extant populations, provide biological information and undertake exploratory analyses relevant to its assessment.Pharohylaeus lactiferuswas recently rediscovered as a result of extensive sampling of 225 general and 20 targeted sampling sites across New South Wales and Queensland. Collections indicate possible floral and habitat specialisation with specimens only found near Tropical or Sub-Tropical Rainforest and only visitingStenocarpus sinuatus(Proteaceae) andBrachychiton acerifolius(Malvaceae), to the exclusion of other available floral resources. Three populations were found by sampling bees visiting these plant species along much of the Australian east coast, suggesting population isolation. GIS analyses used to explore habitat destruction in the Wet Tropics and Central Mackay Coast bioregions indicate susceptibility of Queensland rainforests andP. lactiferuspopulations to bushfires, particularly in the context of a fragmented landscape. Highly fragmented habitat and potential host specialisation might explain the rarity ofP. lactiferus. Targeted sampling and demographic analyses are likely required to thoroughly assess the status of this species and others like it.
A new species of Grotea Cresson, the first record of Labeninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in the Greater Antilles
Authors: Sandoval Marissa , Santos Bernardo F.
Published: February 2021

Grotea ambarosasp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared to currently described species of the genus. The new species is characterized mainly by having the mesosoma 2.9× as long as high; genal projection distinct and apically subquadrate; pleural carina distinct only anteriorly to anterior transverse carina; mesosoma almost entirely amber-orange and legs with complex dark brown and white marks. This is the first record of any labenine species for the Greater Antilles; the few distribution records elsewhere in the Caribbean Islands are reviewed and discussed in the context of the biogeography of Labeninae.
Assessment and conservation status of an endemic bee in a diversity hotspot (Hymenoptera, Melittidae, Dasypoda)
Authors: Ghisbain Guillaume , Radchenko Vladimir G. , Cejas Diego , Molina Francisco P. , Michez Denis
Published: February 2021

Wild bees represent a global group of highly diversified insect pollinators, nowadays concerningly well known for their widespread observed patterns of decline. Amongst them is the genusDasypoda, a widespread Palearctic clade of solitary bees generally poorly represented in entomological collections. Among the 39 accepted species of the genus, 35 are known by both sexes, and a large number of taxa are still known by a low number of specimens. The recently described taxon Dasypoda (Heterodasypoda) michezi Radchenko, 2017 endemic to southern Portugal is just such a case. The species was described from two male specimens, but no female material has been known to date. Here, we provide the first description of the female ofD. michezi, collected close to thelocus typicusin southern Portugal along with a series of conspecific males. Sex pairing is proposed based on the sympatry of the male and female specimens and on the similar morphology of non-sexual dimorphic traits and on the barcode of a fragment of Cytochrome Oxidase I. We provide high quality imaging of both sexes ofD. michezito help future identification of the species and present a key for all known species of the subgenus Heterodasypoda. We finally propose an IUCN status forD. micheziand discuss the conservation of such geographically restricted species in the current context of global change.
Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps?
Authors: Müller Andreas , Obrist Martin K.
Published: February 2021

Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on the production of disturbance sounds by the postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) of the Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series of brood cells in excavated burrows in pithy plant stems. Upon disturbance, the prepupa produces two types of sounds, one of which can be heard up to a distance of 2–3 m (“stroking sounds”), whereas the other is scarcely audible by bare ear (“tapping sounds”). To produce the stroking sounds, the prepupa rapidly pulls a horseshoe-shaped callosity around the anus one to five times in quick succession over the cocoon wall before it starts to produce tapping sounds by knocking a triangularly shaped callosity on the clypeus against the cocoon wall in long uninterrupted series of one to four knocks per second. Sound analysis revealed that the stroking sounds consist of several syllables, which are very similar to the single syllables of the tapping sounds: both last about 0.5 ms and spread over 40 kHz bandwidth from the audible far into the ultrasonic range. The production of stroking sounds by a prepupa induces other prepupae of the same nest to stroke and/or to tap resulting in a long-lasting and simultaneous albeit unsynchronized percussion by numerous prepupae along the whole nest stem. We hypothesize that these disturbance sounds serve an anti-antagonist function and that they have evolved to disturb the reflectance signals that parasitoid wasps use to localize concealed hosts during vibrational sounding.
Guérir aujourd’hui ou comment inscrire la maladie dans sa vie
Authors: Brun Danièle
Published: February 2021

L’évolution de la médecine compromet le rythme des processus de guérison. Paradoxe apparent qui tend à mettre en valeur l’élargissement de la notion de chronicité inhérente aux progrès et aux avancées médicales. Il faut apprendre à vivre avec la maladie, lui faire une place, gérer au mieux les effets secondaires des traitements. Apprendre, c’est aussi se former à … ce qu’implique la maladie dans ses composantes physiques et psychiques. Des sessions bi-disciplinaires animées par des praticiens du soin somatique et du soin psychique permettront d’instaurer de nouvelles relations avec les soignants depuis son domicile ou au cours des hospitalisations de jour. Ces formations, associées à une connaissance des apports du numérique contribueront à recréer des liens que l’exercice de la médecine moderne tend à distendre. La solitude du malade n’est plus une fatalité. Quand la maladie fait son entrée dans l’existence, mieux vaut penser à son entretien qu’à son effacement pour un retour illusoire à un statu quo ante .
Trouver ou retrouver belle allure sur le chemin qui est le sien
Authors: Hesbeen Walter
Published: February 2021

Guérir d’un cancer – ou d’une maladie chronique –, retrouver la santé comme horizon, n’est pas chose aisée. À partir de ce constat, l’auteur souligne l’intérêt de la « réhabilitation oncologique » qu’il définit comme une médecine du devenir de la personne . Son projet : aider un sujet à trouver ou retrouver belle allure sur le chemin de vie qui est le sien, avec ses limitations, ses difficultés, ses espoirs. Cette préoccupation soignante est aussi un souci éthique et un appel à la créativité et à la générosité des soignants.
Revivre et ne plus être patient
Authors: Schwering Karl-Leo
Published: February 2021

À la notion de guérison est préférée celle d’un revivre , qui équivaut à quitter le statut de patient. Pour sortir du cancer, une « subversion libidinale du corps médicalisé » est nécessaire, qui s’oppose à une « inversion hypocondriaque ». L’avènement chez le malade d’une différenciation des affects, au plus près du corps, en est aussi la condition. Enfin, une « subversion nominale » lui permet de quitter le socle de la médecine scientifique contemporaine pour prendre soin de lui-même, et vivre autrement.
Rassasié de jours
Authors: Destandau Mireille
Published: February 2021

La désintrication pulsionnelle à l’œuvre dans les attaques de la maladie est une zone de haut danger qui ébranle le sentiment même d’être soi. L’entreprise de reliaison lors de la guérison est corrélative d’un remaniement identitaire, et d’une déception de ne plus pouvoir coïncider avec l’avant de la maladie. Le jeu des hypothèses et la recherche de causalité succèdent à la prise de l’angoisse. Il s’agit ensuite de supporter l’incertitude, et de continuer à trouver/créer ce qui fait voir le jour.
Thérapies cellulaires et géniques : la guérison à l’horizon ?
Authors: Chabannon Christian
Published: February 2021

Les thérapies cellulaires et géniques fabriquées industriellement et commercialisées en petit nombre depuis quelques années s’inscrivent dans le développement historique des greffes de cellules, tissus et organes tout en les sophistiquant considérablement par l’introduction d’outils dérivés des biotechnologies. Leur mode de production à la fois complexe et personnalisé et leur coût parmi les plus élevés jamais proposés sont en partie justifiés par l’espoir d’un effet curatif durable. Les résultats cliniques observés, tant pour les greffes de cellules hématopoïétiques que pour ces thérapies cellulaires fabriquées industriellement comme les CarT Cells, conduisent cependant à relativiser l’affirmation que ces traitements puissent produire des effets fondamentalement différents des traitements conventionnels. Sans nier qu’une fraction des patients puisse être guérie, ou tout du moins bénéficier d’une rémission durable, le fait même que le débat médical porte sur la prévention ou le traitement de la rechute après ces thérapies cellulaires, indique que la situation est moins claire qu’initialement présentée, et que ces médicaments innovants doivent être intégrés dans l’arsenal thérapeutique existant au même titre que d’autres classes de produits thérapeutiques.
Visual attentional-driven deep learning method for flower recognition
Authors: Cao Shuai , Song Biao
Published: February 2021

As a typical fine-grained image recognition task, flower category recognition is one of the most popular research topics in the field of computer vision and forestry informatization. Although the image recognition method based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNNs) has achieved acceptable performance on natural scene image, there are still shortcomings such as lack of training samples, intra-class similarity and low accuracy in flowers category recognition. In this paper, we study deep learning-based flowers' category recognition problem, and propose a novel attention-driven deep learning model to solve it. Specifically, since training the deep learning model usually requires massive training samples, we perform image augmentation for the training sample by using image rotation and cropping. The augmented images and the original image are merged as a training set. Then, inspired by the mechanism of human visual attention, we propose a visual attention-driven deep residual neural network, which is composed of multiple weighted visual attention learning blocks. Each visual attention learning block is composed by a residual connection and an attention connection to enhance the learning ability and discriminating ability of the whole network. Finally, the model is training in the fusion training set and recognize flowers in the testing set. We verify the performance of our new method on public Flowers 17 dataset and it achieves the recognition accuracy of 85.7%.
Oreste Biringucci in Amor Feretrio: pustni turnir leta 1585 v Mantovi
Authors: Bosi Monteath Kathryn
Published: February 2021

Članek obravnava opis turnirja, ki je potekal na dvoru v Mantovi med karnevalom leta 1585. Naročil ga je dedni princ Vincenzo Gonzaga pri dvornem arhitektu Oresteju Biringucciju. Biringuccijevo poročilo, naslovljeno Apparato e barriera del tempio di Amor Feretrio, opisuje gledališko sceno, sodelujoče plemstvo, predstavljene like (večinoma iz klasične mitologije in junaških del avtorjev, kot so Ludovico Ariosto, Bernardo Tasso in Curzio Gonzaga), pa tudi – zelo nenavadno za tisti čas – dvorne pesnike in glasbenike, ki so sodelovali pri dogodku. Glasba ima v opisu vidno vlogo, saj prihod vsakega bojevnika s solističnim spevom (v dveh primerih je bil to madrigal) naznani kateri izmed mitoloških likov. Eden od madrigalov je bil prepoznan kot antifonalna kompozicija dvornega skladatelja Benedetta Pallavicina. Razprava vključuje angleški prevod omenjenega opisa, povzema življenje in delo Oresteja Biringuccija ter razpravlja o vseh drugih zbranih virih o turnirju, ki se nahajajo v arhivu Gonzaga v Mantovi.
Glasbene povezave med Moravsko in slovenskimi deželami v obdobju baroka
Authors: Spáčilová Jana
Published: February 2021

Razprava se ukvarja z glasbenimi stiki med Moravsko in slovenskimi deželami v prvi polovici 18. stoletja. Kulturna izmenjava je v tem času potekala predvsem po zaslugi povezave med bratoma Wolfgangom Hannibalom in Sigmundom Feliksom, grofoma Schrattenbach. Njuno skupno zanimanje je med drugim predstavljala glasba, s čimer se ukvarja pričujoča razprava, in sicer na podlagi korespondence iz časa, ko je starejši, Wolfgang, služboval v Italiji, medtem ko je bil njegov mlajši brat v Salzburgu. Wolfgangovi premestitvi na Moravsko je sledila Sigismundova v Ljubljano. Dokumentacija iz zadnjega obdobja je še bogatejša, saj so poleg pisem na voljo tudi dokumenti o osebnih obiskih ter samo v Ljubljani ohranjena na moravskem tiskana operna besedila. Drugi del razprave glavno pozornost namenja gostujočim italijanskim opernim skupinam v Brnu in Ljubljani, predvsem skupnim pevcem in glasbenem repertoarju.
Novoodkriti koreografski zapis baleta Dunajski valček: glasbena in kulturna zgodovina skozi ples
Authors: Motnik Marko
Published: February 2021

Nedavna najdba koreografskega zapisa baleta Wiener Walzer (1885) omogoča nove vpoglede v dramaturško, plesnotehnično in vsebinsko zasnovo ene izmed produkcij dunajskega dvornega baleta v poznem 19. stoletju. Vzroke neznanskega uspeha te predstave je mogoče iskati v lokalno obarvani vsebini in glasbi. Delo se naslanja na številne klišeje kulturne identitete mesta, hkrati pa utrjuje njihov značaj.