bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitination of CD86 Is a Key Mechanism in Regulating Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells
Authors: Baravalle Günther , Park Hyesuk , McSweeney Megan , Ohmura-Hoshino Mari , Matsuki Yohei , Ishido Satoshi , Shin Jeoung-Sook
Published: August 2011

Dendritic cells (DCs) require costimulatory molecules such as CD86 to efficiently activate T cells for the induction of adaptive immunity. DCs maintain minimal levels of CD86 expression at rest, but upregulate levels upon LPS stimulation. LPS-stimulated DCs produce the immune suppressive cytokine IL-10 that acts in an autocrine manner to regulate CD86 levels. Interestingly, the underlying molecular mechanism behind the tight control of CD86 is not completely understood. In this study, we report that CD86 is ubiquitinated in DCs via MARCH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase and that this ubiquitination plays a key role in CD86 regulation. Ubiquitination at lysine 267 played the most critical role for this regulation. CD86 is ubiquitinated in MARCH1-deficient DCs to a much lesser degree than in wild-type DCs, which also correlated with a significant increase in CD86 expression. Importantly, CD86 is continuously ubiquitinated in DCs following activation by LPS, and this was due to the autocrine IL-10 inhibition of MARCH1 downregulation. Accordingly, DCs lacking MARCH1 and DCs expressing ubiquitination-resistant mutant CD86 both failed to regulate CD86 in response to autocrine IL-10. DCs expressing ubiquitination-resistant mutant CD86 failed to control their T cell-activating abilities at rest as well as in response to autocrine IL-10. These studies suggest that ubiquitination serves as an important mechanism by which DCs control CD86 expression and regulate their Ag-presenting functions.
Regulatory T Cells Selectively Control CD8+ T Cell Effector Pool Size via IL-2 Restriction
Authors: Kastenmuller Wolfgang , Gasteiger Georg , Subramanian Naeha , Sparwasser Tim , Busch Dirk H. , Belkaid Yasmine , Drexler Ingo , Germain Ronald N.
Published: August 2011

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are key players in maintaining immune homeostasis but have also been shown to regulate immune responses against infectious pathogens. Therefore, Treg are a promising target for modulating immune responses to vaccines to improve their efficacy. Using a viral vector system, we found that Treg act on the developing immune response early postinfection by reducing the extent of dendritic cell costimulatory molecule expression. Due to this change and the lower IL-2 production that results, a substantial fraction of CD8+ effector T cells lose CD25 expression several days after activation. Surprisingly, such Treg-dependent limitations in IL-2 signaling by Ag-activated CD8+ T cells prevent effector differentiation without interfering with memory cell formation. In this way, Treg fine-tune the numbers of effector T cells generated while preserving the capacity for a rapid recall response upon pathogen re-exposure. This selective effect of Treg on a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells indicates that although manipulation of the Treg compartment might not be optimal for prophylactic vaccinations, it can be potentially exploited to optimize vaccine efficacy for therapeutic interventions.
The evaluation of upper leg traction in lateral position for pediatric caudal block
Authors: Seyedhejazi Mahin , Taheri Reza , Ghojazadeh Morteza
Published: August 2011

Purpose:

A well-functioning caudal block is an excellent adjunct to general anesthesia, but misplaced injection results in poor analgesia as well as possibility of serious morbidity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of leg traction on success rate of caudal block in lateral position in children.

Methods:

Two hundred children, age 2 months to 6 years, ASA I and II, who underwent lower abdominal surgeries were randomized in prospective controlled clinical trial study in two groups. After induction of General anesthesia, the caudal block was performed in the lateral position with upper leg traction (L-T-) or with the standard position (S-P) (leg flexed 90°). Hemodynamicchanges, movement of lower extremity in response to surgical stimulus were evaluated.

Results:

There was no significant difference in caudal block's success rate between two groups at first attempt (P=0.25). In group (S-P) the procedure was successful in 60% of cases at first attempt, 25% at second,10% at third attempt and 5% failure of caudal block, whereas in the first group it was 75%, 20%, 1% and 4% of cases respectively. There were no significant differences in heart rate and blood pressure changes between two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion:

The success rate of pediatric caudal block in upper leg traction did not differ from that of the standard position.
Use of transesophageal Doppler as a sole cardiac output monitor for reperfusion hemodynamic changes during living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Hussien M. , Refaat E. , Fayed N. , Yassen K. , Khalil M. , Mourad W.
Published: August 2011

Aims:

To report the use of transesophageal Doppler (TED), a minimally invasive cardiac output (COP) monitor, before, during and after reperfusion and study its effect on anesthetic management during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Setting and Design:

A prospective observational study.

Methods:

A total of 25 consecutive recipients with a MELD score between 15 and 20 were enrolled. Data were recorded at baseline (TB); anhepatic phase (TA); and post-reperfusion — 1, 5, 10 and 30 minutes. Fluid therapy was guided by corrected flow time (FTc) of the TED. Packed red blood cells (RBCs) were only given when hematocrit was less than 25%. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and standard laboratory tests were used to guide component blood products requirements.

Results:

Post-reperfusion, the COP, Cardiac Index (CI) and stroke volume (SV) increased significantly at all points of measurements; this was associated with a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (P; < .05). Immediately post-reperfusion, for 5 minutes, mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) dropped significantly (P < .05), and 14 out of the 25 patients required boluses of epinephrine (10 μg) to restore the mean ABP; 3 of the 14 patients required norepinephrine infusion till the end of surgery. Central venous pressure (CVP) and urine output (UOP) at all measures were maintained adequately with FTc-guided fluid replacement. Eight out of the 25 patients required no blood transfusion, and 4 of the 8 patients required no catecholamine support.

Conclusion:

TED as a sole monitor for COP was able to present significant and reliable changes in the cardiovascular status of the recipients during reperfusion, which could help to guide fluid- and drug-supportive therapy in this population of patients. This preliminary study needs to be applied on a larger scale.
Comparison of streamlined liner of the pharynx airway (SLIPA™) with the laryngeal mask airway Proseal™ for lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries in paralyzed, anesthetized patients
Authors: Abdellatif Ashraf Abualhassan , Ali Monaz Abdulrahman
Published: August 2011

Context:

Supraglottic airway devices have been used as an alternative to tracheal intubation during laparoscopic surgery.

Aims:

The study was designed to compare the efficacy of Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway (SLIPA) for positive pressure ventilation and postoperative complications with the Laryngeal Mask Airway ProSeal (PLMA) for patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopies under general anesthesia with controlled ventilation.

Settings and Design:

Prospective, crossover randomized controlled trial performed on patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries.

Methods:

A total of 120 patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgeries were randomly allocated into two equal groups; PLMA and SLIPA groups. Number of intubation attempts, insertion time, ease of insertion, and fiberoptic bronchoscopic view were recorded. Lung mechanics data were collected 5 minutes after securing the airway, then after abdominal insufflation. Blood traces and regurgitation were checked for; postoperative sore throat and other complications were recorded.

Statistical Analysis:

Arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated and statistical analyses were performed for each group. Independent sample t-test was used to compare continuous variables exhibiting normal distribution, and Chi-squared test for noncontinuous variables. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Insertion time, first insertion success rate, and ease of insertion were comparable in both groups. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic view was significantly better and epiglottic downfolding was significantly lower in SLIPA group. Sealing pressure and lung mechanics were similar. Gastric distension was not observed in both groups. Postoperative sore throat was significantly higher in PACU in PLMA group. Blood traces on the device were significantly more in SLIPA group.

Conclusions:

SLIPA can be used as a useful alternative to PLMA in patients undergoing lower abdominal laparoscopic surgery with muscle relaxant and controlled ventilation.
Epidural anesthesia and post-operative analgesia for bilateral inguinal mesh hernioplasty
Authors: Korula Sara , George Grace Maria , Ipe Shaloo , Abraham Saramma P.
Published: August 2011

Objectives:

Ropivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic, which is structurally very similar to bupivacaine but produces less motor block and less cardiac and central nervous system toxicity. It is also about 40% less potent than bupivacaine. Our double blind study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of the equipotent doses of ropivacaine 0.75% and bupivacaine 0.5% for epidural anesthesia and ropivacaine 0.2% and bupivacaine 0.125% for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing bilateral mesh hernioplasty.

Methods:

Sixty-one patients were randomized to receive 15 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine. Sensory and motor block characteristics were compared. Changes in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and adverse effects were noted. For post-operative analgesia, 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.125% bupivacaine were given as continuous epidural infusion. Analgesia using VAS scores, motor block, volume of local anesthetic used and patient satisfaction was assessed.

Results:

There was no significant variation in the sensory block profile. A greater intensity of motor block was achieved with bupivacaine in the beginning but by 30 minutes the difference was not significant. Duration of motor block was similar in the two groups. Visual analog scale scores were similar in both groups during the post-operative period, with a similar motor block profile. No major side effects were noted in any group.

Conclusion:

The equipotent doses of ropivacaine and bupivacaine provided good quality epidural anesthesia and post-operative analgesia.
A single-centre randomized-controlled trial to study effect of dilution on propofol-induced injection pain at injection site
Authors: Aggarwal Sourabh , Kumar Mahendra , Sharma Vishal
Published: August 2011

Background:

Propofol is a commonly used short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent. A major disadvantage of propofol is pain at injection site with high incidence up to 90%. Various modalities have been tried to obtund propofol-induced pain; however, search for an ideal agent continues. We assessed the effect of double and triple dilution of 1% propofol emulsion with normal saline on pain at injection site.

Methods:

This randomized, double-blinded study was done on 60 adult patients of both sexes, belonging to ASA grade I and II scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, divided into three groups named I, II, III of 20 patients each. The patients of group I, II, and III received 1% propofol 2 ml, 0.5% propofol 4 ml, and 0.33% propofol 6 ml, respectively, over a period of 4 s and pain felt was assessed.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference in the pain score in group II as compared to patients in group I. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in the pain score in group III as compared to patients in group I (P value 0.02) and group II (P value 0.03).

Conclusions:

We found a significant decrease in both incidence and severity of pain during injection with a 0.33% propofol solution without significant adverse hemodynamic effects. The small size of data was a limitation in our study and a large-scale study will be needed to prove its therapeutic beneficence.
A comparison of the sedative, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Dave Jaydev , Vaghela Sandip
Published: August 2011

Aim:

To compare the sedative, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging procedures.

Methods:

Sixty children between the age of 1 to 7 years were randomly distributed into two groups: The dexmedetomidine (D) group received 1 μg/kg initial dose followed by continuous infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/h, and the propofol group (P) received 3 mg/kg initial dose, followed by a continuous infusion of 100 μg/kg/min. Inadequate sedation was defined as difficulty in completing the procedure because of the child's movement during magnetic resonance imaging. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded during the study.

Result:

The onset of sedation, recovery, and discharge time were significantly shorter in group P than in group D. MAP, heart rate, and RR decreased during sedation from the baseline values in both groups. MAP and RR were significantly lower in group P than in group D during sedation. Dexmedetomidine and propofol provided adequate sedation in most of the children.

Conclusion:

We conclude that although propofol provided faster anesthetic induction and recovery times, it caused hypotension and desaturation. Dexmedetomidine could be an alternative, reliable sedative drug to propofol in selected patients.
Fully successful resuscitation despite prolonged cardiac arrest
Authors: Asadi Hosein Kimiaei , Pollard John
Published: August 2011

Sudden cardiac arrest following spinal anesthesia is a relatively common and often fatal complication. Careful patient selection, appropriate dosing of the local anesthetic, volume loading, close monitoring and prompt intervention at the first sign of cardiovascular instability should improve outcomes.
Anesthesia implications in emergency oncologic surgery in a case of untreated Parkinsonism
Authors: Bajwa Sukhwinder Kaur , Bajwa Sukhminder Jit Singh , Kaur Jasbir , Singh Anita
Published: August 2011

Oncologic surgery has made tremendous advancements in the last two decades. The prognosis of once thought to be irreversible and incurable diseases has improved dramatically with these advancements, which have given a fresh lease of hope to the general population. But there are certain factors that are still unfavorable for achieving improved outcome of surgery in various cancers. The associated comorbid diseases do determine to a large extent the actual outcome of all the interventions to treat oncologic disease. The untreated coexisting disease makes the task of the attending anesthesiologist very challenging as numerous complications are anticipated, especially during emergency surgery. We are describing a case of a patient with endometrial carcinoma who presented with unstoppable bleeding per-vaginum and was suffering from Parkinson disease since 1½ years, for which no treatment was ever sought. Vaginal hysterectomy was performed under graded epidural anesthesia; and after a smooth and uneventful postoperative period of 8 days, she was referred to radiotherapy unit for further management.
Neurogenic pulmonary edema after rupture of intracranial aneurysm during endovascular coiling
Authors: Bindra Ashish , Rath Girija P. , Bharti Sachidanand J. , Goyal Keshav , Kumar Subhash
Published: August 2011

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a well-known entity, occurs after acute severe insult to the central nervous system. It has been described in relation to different clinical scenario. However, NPE has rarely been mentioned after endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms. Here, we report the clinical course of a patient who developed NPE after aneurysmal rupture during endovascular surgery. There was significant cardiovascular instability possibly from stimulation of hypothalamus adjacent to the site of aneurysm. This case highlights the predisposition of minimally invasive procedures like endovascular coiling to life-threatening complications such as NPE.
Postoperative hypoxemia due to fat embolism
Authors: Bhalla Tarun , Sawardekar Amod , Klingele Kevin , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: August 2011

Although the reported incidence of fat embolism syndrome (FES) is low (approximately 1%), it is likely that microscopic fat emboli are showered during manipulation of long bone fractures. Even though there continues to be debate regarding the etiology and proposed mechanism responsible for FES, significant systemic manifestations may occur. Treatment is generally symptomatic based on the clinical presentations. We report a 10-year-old girl who developed hypoxemia following treatment of a displaced Salter-Harris type II fracture of the distal tibia. The subsequent evaluation and hospital course pointed to fat embolism as the most likely etiology for the hypoxemia. We discuss the etiology for FES, review the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for its clinical manifestations, present currently accepted diagnostic criteria, and discuss its treatment.
Role of clonidine in perioperative acute atrial fibrillation
Authors: Garg Vishal , Prasad K. N.
Published: August 2011

We report a case of acute onset atrial fibrillation (AF) that presented for emergency surgery where rate control and sinus rhythm were successfully achieved using clonidine. Patient had acute AF with high blood pressure. Metoprolol failed to decrease the ventricular rate and blood pressure but with clonidine, we could achieve both the goals. Also, rhythm reverted to a sinus rhythm and continued to be in sinus rhythm after administering clonidine.
Anesthetic considerations and difficult airway management in a case of Noonan syndrome
Authors: Bajwa Sukhminder Jit Singh , Gupta Sachin , Kaur Jasbir , Panda Aparajita , Bajwa Sukhwinder Kaur , Singh Amarjit , Parmar S. S. , Prasad Seema
Published: August 2011

Noonan syndrome is a genetically transmitted autosomal dominant disorder characterized by various anatomic anomalies and pathophysiologic derangements. Anesthetic management in such cases poses a multitude of challenges, especially related to the airway management and maintenance of cardiovascular stability. We report a case of a 9-year-old male child weighing 24 kg, who was diagnosed as a case of Noonan syndrome and had undergone ligation of patent ductus arteriosus during early childhood. The child was operated on for release of bilateral neck bands under general anesthesia. The case report pertains to the successful airway and anesthetic management in the background of difficult airway and existence of various cardiac lesions.
Cerebral Fat Embolism
Authors: Gupta Babita , Kaur Manpreet , D’souza Nita , Dey Chandan Kumar , Shende Seema , Kumar Atin , Gamangatti Shivanand
Published: August 2011

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare but a serious clinical catastrophe occurring after traumatic injury to long bones. Cerebral involvement in the absence of pulmonary or dermatological manifestation on initial presentation may delay the diagnosis of cerebral fat embolism (CFE). We discuss a case series of CFE which posed a challenge in diagnosis. The clinical presentations of these patients did not satisfy the commonly used clinical criteria for aiding the diagnosis of FES. Early MRI brain (DWI and T2 weighted sequences) in patients with neurological symptoms after trauma even in the absence of pulmonary and dermatological findings should be the goal.
Common carotid artery surprise during percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy – A near miss, confirmed with ultrasound
Authors: Khan Sarfaraz M. , Alzahrani Tariq
Published: August 2011

The practice of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) has gained popularity and acceptance due to the ease in acquiring its skill and low probability of complications. Nevertheless, PDT is associated with a few complications, some really life-threatening. We present a case of an abnormally located common carotid artery encountered during PDT in our intensive care unit. The procedure was electively posted, in an old patient chronically ventilated after a revived cardiac arrest. While identifying the landmarks on palpation pulsation was felt similar to arterial pulsation. This was confirmed using bedside portable ultrasonography and found to be the right common carotid artery forming a loop anterior to the trachea at the level of the third and fourth tracheal rings. The patient had a past history of thyroidectomy and this was suspected to be the primary reason for the altered course of the right common carotid artery.
Level Lowering Modulo Prime Powers and Twisted Fermat Equations
Authors: Dahmen Sander R. , Yazdani Soroosh
Published: August 2011

We discuss a clean level lowering theorem modulo prime powers for weight 2 cusp forms. Furthermore, we illustrate how this can be used to completely solve certain twisted Fermat equations axn + byn + czn = 0.
Maximal Sets of Pairwise Orthogonal Vectors in Finite Fields
Authors: Vinh Le Anh
Published: August 2011

Given a positive integern, a finite fieldofqelements (qodd), and a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear formBon, we determine the largest possible cardinality of pairwiseB-orthogonal subsets, that is, for any two vectorsx,y∈ Ε, one hasB(x,y) = 0.
Depth‐integrated estimates of ecosystem metabolism in a high‐elevation lake (Emerald Lake, Sierra Nevada, California)
Authors: Sadro Steven , Melack John M. , MacIntyre Sally
Published: August 2011

A series of vertical profiles of dissolved oxygen (DO) collected periodically over two consecutive ice‐free seasons in an oligotrophic high‐elevation lake (Emerald Lake, California) were used to investigate volumetric and areal rates of gross primary production (GPP), community respiration (CR), and net ecosystem production (NEP). Diel patterns in DO did not weaken with depth in this lake, where the entire 10‐m water column was within the euphotic zone and where a deep chlorophyll a (Chl a) maximum was common during periods of thermal stratification. During stratification, both GPP and CR increased with depth, and heterotrophy (NEP < 0) tended to occur below the thermocline in association with higher Chl a and particulate matter concentrations. With the onset of autumn mixing each year, vertical gradients in metabolism weakened or disappeared and the entire water column was autotrophic. Net autotrophy over the growing season was confirmed using three methods of estimating whole‐lake metabolism. During periods of stratification, flux across the thermocline, where eddy diffusivities were near molecular, was small (4% of total epilimnetic fluxes), while within the hypolimnion, where stratification was weaker and eddy diffusivities larger, fluxes between strata were more substantial (12% of total fluxes). For this lake and other small lakes with low wind speeds and Lake numbers near 10, mixing due to turbulence should be included in computations of metabolism within the hypolimnion. However, single‐station measurements from within the epilimnion provide a reasonable estimate of seasonal metabolism, especially in the autumn when the lake is mixing on a diel basis.
Anaerobic oxidation of methane and the stoichiometry of remineralization processes in continental margin sediments
Authors: Burdige David J. , Komada Tomoko
Published: August 2011

In many coastal and continental margin sediments, pore‐water property–property plots yield values of rC:S, the stoichiometric ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) produced to sulfate reduced, that are lower than the commonly assumed value of 2. Remineralization of organic matter more reduced than CH2O can cause such observations, as can DIC loss due to authigenic carbonate precipitation. However, through studies of Santa Monica Basin sediments, we have observed that these observations could also be related to the occurrence of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in sediments. Specifically, using a reactive transport sediment model, we have shown that AOM driven by an “external” methane source (e.g., an upward flux from ancient gas hydrates) can lead to values of rC:S < 2. This contrasts with what is observed when AOM is driven by methane produced during in situ methanogenesis, resulting from the deposition of reactive organic matter to the sediment surface. This situation does not lead to deviations in the value of rC:S from that seen solely for the occurrence of organic matter remineralization by sulfate reduction. With real pore‐water data, if carbonate precipitation is adequately accounted for, observed deviations in values of rC:S from predicted end‐member values for organic matter remineralization and AOM can provide information about the occurrence of AOM and upward methane fluxes in sediments.
The effect of riverine discharge on biogeochemical processes in estuarine sediments
Authors: Meiggs Deidre , Taillefert Martial
Published: August 2011

A recently developed autonomous benthic lander equipped with an underwater potentiostat and a micromanipulator for in situ voltammetric depth profiling of main redox species in pore waters was deployed for 3 yr at multiple stations along the Satilla River estuary (Georgia, U.S.A.). These measurements revealed that biogeochemical processes in estuarine sediments vary seasonally and are influenced by riverine discharge. A prolonged drought decreased river discharge, altered the salinity gradient in the estuary, and profoundly affected anaerobic respiratory processes in the underlying sediments. Under normal hydrologic conditions, iron reduction was the dominant anaerobic respiratory process across the estuary, likely due to the significant supply of iron from the coastal plane and low salinity of the estuary. Under drought conditions, the salinity of the estuary increased to full seawater strength and carbon remineralization was enhanced significantly. Yet, sulfate reduction was only observed near the mouth of the estuary, whereas a substantial increase in iron reduction was distinctive upriver. Evidence indicates that the increase in iron‐reducing activity during the drought resulted mainly from the deposition of mineral particles in the upper estuary when the salinity gradient increased. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the biogeochemical response of estuarine sediments to natural perturbations is rapid and that respiration processes are controlled by a combination of temperature, supply of inorganic and organic substrates, and hydrological processes. These findings also suggest that an increase in the frequency of droughts as a result of climate change may enhance the resiliency of iron‐reducing bacteria in river‐fed estuarine sediments.
Carbon self‐utilization may assist Caulerpa taxifolia invasion
Authors: Oakes Joanne M. , Bautista Melissa D. , Maher Damien , Jones W. Brian , Eyre Bradley D.
Published: August 2011

Additions of 13C‐labeled macroalgal detritus (Caulerpa taxifolia) and seagrass detritus (Zostera capricorni) to a vegetated intertidal mudflat in subtropical Australia provided insight into the mechanisms and ecosystem effects of C. taxifolia invasions in seagrass beds. Despite the high lability typical of macroalgae, carbon from seagrass detritus was removed from sediments and transferred to benthic compartments (microphytobenthos, bacteria, mud whelks, and live C. taxifolia and Z. capricorni) at a faster rate than carbon from macroalgal detritus. This preference was more pronounced for live Z. capricorni than live C. taxifolia. Whereas rates of dissolved inorganic carbon production and utilization were similar for seagrass and macroalgal detritus, higher fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from macroalgal detritus early in the experiment reflected the lower utilization of this carbon pool. Although both seagrass and algae can use DOC as a source of carbon, caulerpenyne may comprise part of the DOC pool leached from C. taxifolia detritus during early degradation. This compound can have allelopathic effects on seagrass and may, therefore, be inaccessible to Z. capricorni. The availability of an additional carbon source for C. taxifolia, generated from its own detritus, represents a competitive advantage for this invasive macroalga over existing seagrass, particularly because seagrass productivity can be carbon‐limited. A similar mechanism may exist for other species of invasive macroalga, particularly those that produce toxic secondary metabolites.
Short‐term dynamics of oxygen and carbon in productive nearshore shallow seawater systems off Taiwan: Observations and modeling
Authors: Jiang Zong-Pei , Huang Jr-Chuan , Dai Minhan , Kao Shuh Ji , Hydes David J. , Chou Wen-Chen , Jan Sen
Published: August 2011

The diurnal to weekly dynamics of carbon and oxygen in two productive tropical–subtropical nearshore shallow water systems were investigated using a combination of time‐series observation and modeling. The two sites, Aodi (121.93°E, 25.06°N) and Nanwan (120.85°E, 21.91°N), were characterized by limited freshwater input, strong tidal advection and, at Nanwan, upwelling. The diurnal ranges were 96–234 µmol kg−1 for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), 8.9–42.2 Pa for partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), and 37–239 µmol kg−1 for dissolved oxygen. The diurnal variability increased from spring to neap tidal states at both sites. A model accounting for gas exchange, biological activities, tidal advection, and upwelling was developed to assess the biophysical interactions modulating the biogeochemical dynamics. The strongest driver of the diurnal variability was the net ecosystem production of the benthic‐dominated nearshore ecosystem. Tidal advection buffered the accumulation of biological effects and the intensified dispersion lowered the diurnal amplitudes at spring tides. Tide‐induced upwelling at Nanwan increased the surface inorganic carbon, and its decreasing intensity resulted in declines in DIC and pCO2 from spring toward neap tide. The maximum community photosynthetic rates at Aodi and Nanwan were 295 and 120 mmol C m−2 h−1, with ecosystem respiratory rates of 122 and 53 mmol C m−2 h−1. The two autotrophic ecosystems were sinks for atmospheric CO2 during the study period, with the average air–sea fluxes being −0.30 and −0.56 mmol C m−2 d−1 for Aodi and Nanwan.
El vínculo interactivo biblioteca universitaria-usuario en el siglo xxi: algunas consideraciones para fortalecer este relacionamiento
Authors: Soria María Gladys Ceretta
Published: August 2011

El relacionamiento entre la biblioteca universitaria y la heterogenidad de sus usuarios (estudiantes, docentes, investigadores, graduados), ha sufrido grandes transformaciones como consecuencia del impacto provocado por las nuevas formas de comunicación y de acceso a la información, producto de los dinámicos avances tecnológicos. Frente a las tendencias que pronostican que la biblioteca universitaria ha dejado de tener sentido en un mundo en el que la información supera los límites físicos de una institución y en el cual el usuario se relaciona directa e individualmente con la información a través de la computadora, se promueve el rol fundamental de la biblioteca universitaria como mediadora de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y de apoyo a la investigación y a la generación de nuevo conocimiento. Se considera que una de las formas apropiadas para favorecer este rol es establecer canales de comunicación que fortalezcan el vínculo interactivo biblioteca-usuario a través de la consolidación institucional de instancias de orientación y formación de usuarios, destacándose el papel fundamental que en este proceso de relacionamiento desarrolla el profesional Bibliotecólogo. Se toma como punto de referencia la situación actual que al respecto presentan las Bibliotecas Universitarias en el Uruguay. Se establecen algunas pautas generales para el desarrollo de esta propuesta.
Preservação e conservação documental em acervo de manuscritos
Authors: Bahia Eliana Maria dos Santos
Published: August 2011

Ação de Extensão realizada pelo Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, em parceria com a Prefeitura Municipal de Florianópolis, Secretaria Municipal de Administração e Arquivo Histórico Municipal de Florianópolis-SC, com acervo de manuscritos do período de 1714-1880. Este material está passando por um processo de conservação, preservação, restauração e transcrição paleográfica, a fim de superar o péssimo estado de conservação, devido não só à ação do homem, como também, de insetos e do meio ambiente. O projeto entre as instituições visa ampliar o conhecimento e envolver os alunos na prática, exercitando teorias relacionadas à informação. A mentalidade de conservação está sendo estimulada e métodos de restauração exeqüíveis dentro de uma realidade social e econômica foram escolhidos para serem aplicados e divulgados, por meio desta atividade.
Biblioterapia para crianças internadas no hospital universitário da ufsc: uma experiência
Authors: Caldin Clarice Fortkamp
Published: August 2011

Biblioterapia desenvolvida por professora e alunos do Curso de Biblioteconomia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina junto a crianças hospitalizadas. O objetivo primário foi humanizar o processo de tratamento das crianças realizando a leitura de histórias com propósitos terapêuticos. Como metodologia, procedeu-se à leitura em grupo e à leitura individual. Utilizou-se alguns recursos lúdicos como música, dramatização, “contação” e gravuras. A avaliação baseou-se no resgate das impressões das crianças acerca das histórias lidas, em observações da coordenadora do programa de leitura, em depoimentos dos acadêmicos colaboradores do projeto biblioterapêutico e da psicóloga da Divisão Pediátrica do Hospital. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que a biblioterapia conduz à pacificação das emoções pela satisfação das necessidades estéticas.
Contaminação fúngica do acervo da biblioteca de manguinhos da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz: ações desenvolvidas para sua solução
Authors: Bortoletto Maria Élide
Published: August 2011

Em fins de dezembro de 1996 o acervo da Biblioteca de Manguinhos, vinculada ao Centro de Informação Científica e Tecnológica (CICT) da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, contando na época com aproximadamente 620.000 volumes, sofreu um agressivo ataque de fungos, o que provocou a sua interdição por um período cinco meses. Vários profissionais e especialistas se mobilizaram na definição de estratégicas para a solução do problema a partir de três tipos de abordagens: o aspecto da adequação das instalações do prédio, as medidas referentes à higienização e conservação do acervo e as ações relacionadas com a proteção à saúde, tanto dos usuários quanto dos funcionários da Biblioteca e dos demais Departamentos e da própria Diretoria do CICT, que também ocupam as instalações do prédio Haity Moussatché.
Why are Low-Income Teens More Likely to Lack Health Insurance Than Their Younger Peers?
Authors: Leininger Lindsey Jeanne , Burns Marguerite E.
Published: August 2011

Low-income teenagers are more likely to lack health insurance than younger children. Using data from the 2006, 2007, and 2008 rounds of the National Health Interview Survey, we examine whether differences between teens and younger children in socioeconomic factors, public health insurance eligibility, and observable family characteristics explain this apparent age-related coverage gap. Somewhat surprisingly, they do not. We find a highly robust age-coverage gradient among poor and near-poor children. Our results suggest the need to examine teen-specific insurance enrollment dynamics, particularly in families with no younger siblings, to optimize the effect of the newly enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on teens' insurance coverage.
Is Fragmented Financing Bad for Your Health?
Authors: Pizer Steven D. , Gardner John A.
Published: August 2011

Americans finance health care through a variety of private insurance plans and public programs. This organizational fragmentation could threaten continuity of care and adversely affect outcomes. Using a large sample of veterans who were eligible for mixtures of Veterans Health Administration- and Medicare-financed care, we estimate a system of equations to account for simultaneity in the determination of financing configuration and the probability of hospitalization for an ambulatory care sensitive condition. We find that a change of one standard deviation in financing fragmentation increases the risk of an adverse outcome by one-fifth.
Geographic Market Definition: The Case of Medicare-Reimbursed Skilled Nursing Facility Care
Authors: Bowblis John R. , North Phillip
Published: August 2011

Correct geographic market definition is important to study the impact of competition. In the nursing home industry, most studies use geopolitical boundaries to define markets. This paper uses the Minimum Data Set to generate an alternative market definition based on patient flows for Medicare skilled nursing facilities. These distances are regressed against a range of nursing home and area characteristics to determine what influences market size. We compared Herfindahl-Hirschman Indices based on county and resident-flow measures of geographic market definition. Evidence from this comparison suggests that using the county for the market definition is not appropriate across all states.
Individual Insurance and Access to Care
Authors: Hill Steven C.
Published: August 2011

Starting in 2014, more Americans will have private, nonemployment-related insurance (“individual insurance”). Using the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for 2002 through 2007, this paper compares access to care between nonelderly adults with individual insurance and those with employment-related insurance. Adults with individual and employment-related insurance report similar, often good, access to care. The study employs bivariate probit models to account for omitted variables correlated with access and type of insurance, and controls for differences in health status, attitudes, and socioeconomic characteristics. Results show that individual insurance may reduce access in some dimensions, but all effects are imprecisely estimated, so that none is statistically significant.
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability education: A trans-Atlantic comparison
Authors: Moon Jeremy , Orlitzky Marc
Published: August 2011

Using a sample of 72 European and 22 North American educational institutions, we examine the extent to which business schools in North America and Europe are driving educational programs and initiatives in corporate social responsibility and sustainability (CSRS). Drawing on several theoretical perspectives, such as institutional-comparative perspectives and resource dependence theory, the study indicates the increasing prominence of CSRS education in business schools on both continents. It does so through analysis of the extent to which business schools offer (a) dedicated CSRS programs, (b) CSRS tracks and majors, (c) compulsory CSRS classes or modules, and (d) optional CSRS modules across the range of taught programs. Contrary to some previous findings, religious affiliation, public/private status, and program size had only a negligible direct association with schools' commitment to CSRS education. However, business school prestige showed a statistically significant relationship. Finally, the study highlights how European respondents' perceptions concerning the primary drivers and constraints of CSRS initiatives differed from those in North America.
Corporate social responsibility in management education: Current status in Spanish universities
Authors: Setó-Pamies Dolors , Domingo-Vernis Misericordia , Rabassa-Figueras Noemí
Published: August 2011

In the context of education for sustainable development, the purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of a study in Spain into the extent to which corporate social responsibility (CSR) is taught in management schools. The study makes an exploratory and descriptive web-content analysis of the curriculum and subjects on Business and Management degrees at all universities in Spain. Our findings show that a high percentage of universities include CSR-related subjects on their curriculum. CSR content is taught as either specific CSR subjects (stand-alone CSR subjects) or as part of various subjects on the academic curriculum (embedded CSR subjects). Although at first sight our findings may seem promising, a more detailed analysis shows that few universities include stand-alone CSR subjects and that although many universities have embedded CSR subjects, the CSR content is by no means fully developed.
Integration of sustainable development in higher education's curricula of applied economics: Large-scale assessments, integration strategies and barriers
Authors: Ceulemans Kim , De Prins Marijke , Cappuyns Valérie , De Coninck Wouter
Published: August 2011

The attention for sustainable development (SD) is ever growing (Van Poeck, Vandenabeele, & Bruyninckx, 2009). Although the importance of SD integration in higher education (HE), both on strategic and operational level, is often stressed, actual measurements of this integration are less frequent. Therefore, a large scale assessment was set up to assess SD integration within 33 professionally and academically oriented programs of applied economics in a total of 22 Flemish HE institutions. The integration of SD in applied economics programs is crucial for society, among others because business students are our future managers (Ceulemans & De Prins, 2010). The interrelations between different SD integration strategies and the barriers to them were also studied in this research, leading us to a new concept, where two different dimensions of SD integration are combined. From the research we can conclude that an SD integration approach that combines horizontal and vertical integration with bottom-up and top-down seems to be the most beneficial for sustained SD integration efforts.
Human flourishing as a foundation for a new sustainability oriented business school curriculum: Open questions and possible answers
Authors: McKenna Bernard , Biloslavo Roberto
Published: August 2011

Because ‘doing business’ significantly contributes to altering the Earth's atmosphere and depleting limited natural resources, business education should be re-oriented so that global sustainability is the core and economic sustainability a subset. The neo-Aristotelian foundation of this paper proposes eudaimonia (human flourishing) as a teleology, and divides human activity, particularly learning into technē (practical utilitarian skills) and phronesis (experience, insight, and intuition). By developing intellectual, affective, and moral virtues, business students can attain a meta-virtue of phronesis, which provides a potential capacity to deal with uncertainty, mutability, and duality of human life and development. The principles of social practice wisdom provide the basis of a proposed sustainability curriculum.
Temperature and sunlight controls of mercury oxidation and deposition atop the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Brooks S. , Moore C. , Lew D. , Lefer B. , Huey G. , Tanner D.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. We conducted the first ever mercury speciation measurements atop the Greenland ice sheet at Summit Station (Latitude 72.6° N, Longitude 38.5° W, Altitude 3200 m) in the Spring and Summer of 2007 and 2008. These measurements were part of the collaborative Greenland Summit Halogen-HOx experiment (GSHOX) campaigns investigating the importance of halogen chemistry in this remote environment. Significant levels of BrO (1–5 pptv) in the near surface air were often accompanied by diurnal dips in gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), and in-situ production of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM). While halogen (i.e. Br) chemistry is normally associated with marine boundary layers, at Summit, Greenland, far from any marine source, we have conclusively detected bromine and mercury chemistry in the near surface air. The likely fate of the formed mercury-bromine radical (HgBr) is further oxidation to stable RGM (HgBr2, HgBrOH, HgBrCl...), or thermal decomposition. These fates appear to be controlled by the availability of Br, OH, Cl, etc. to produce RGM (Hg(II)), versus the lifetime of HgBr by thermal dissociation. At Summit, the production of RGM appears to require a sun elevation angle of >5 degrees, and an air temperature of 5 degrees, while the formation of RGM from HgBr requires a temperature
A high spatial resolution retrieval of NO 2 column densities from OMI: method and evaluation
Authors: Russell A. R. , Perring A. E. , Valin L. C. , Bucsela E. J. , Browne E. C. , Wooldridge P. J. , Cohen R. C.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. We present a new retrieval of tropospheric NO2 vertical column density from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) based on high spatial and temporal resolution terrain and profile inputs. We compare our NO2 product, the Berkeley High-Resolution (BEHR) product, with operational retrievals and find that the operational retrievals are biased high (30 %) over remote areas and biased low (8 %) over urban regions. Additionally, we find non-negligible impacts on the retrieved NO2 column for terrain pressure (±20 %), albedo (±40 %), and NO2 vertical profile (−75 %–+10 %). We validate the operational and BEHR products using boundary layer aircraft observations from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS-CA) field campaign which occurred in June 2008 in California. Results indicate that columns derived using our boundary layer extrapolation method show good agreement with satellite observations (R2 = 0.65–0.83; N = 68) and provide a more robust validation of satellite-observed NO2 column than those determined using full vertical spirals (R2 = 0.26; N = 5) as in previous work. Agreement between aircraft observations and the BEHR product (R2 = 0.83) is better than agreement with the operational products (R2 = 0.65–0.72). We also show that agreement between satellite and aircraft observations can be further improved (e.g. BEHR: R2 = 0.91) using cloud information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument instead of the OMI cloud product. These results indicate that much of the variance in the operational products can be attributed to coarse resolution terrain pressure, albedo, and profile parameters implemented in the retrievals.
Quantification of hydroxyacetone and glycolaldehyde using chemical ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Spencer K. M. , Beaver M. R. , Clair J. M. St. , Crounse J. D. , Paulot F. , Wennberg P. O.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) enables online, fast, in situ detection and quantification of hydroxyacetone and glycolaldehyde. Two different CIMS approaches are demonstrated employing the strengths of single quadrupole mass spectrometry and triple quadrupole (tandem) mass spectrometry. Both methods are capable of the measurement of hydroxyacetone, an analyte with minimal isobaric interferences. Tandem mass spectrometry provides direct separation of the isobaric compounds glycolaldehyde and acetic acid using distinct, collision-induced dissociation daughter ions. Measurement of hydroxyacetone and glycolaldehyde by these methods was demonstrated during the ARCTAS-CARB 2008 campaign and the BEARPEX 2009 campaign. Enhancement ratios of these compounds in ambient biomass burning plumes are reported for the ARCTAS-CARB campaign. BEARPEX observations are compared to simple photochemical box model predictions of biogenic volatile organic compound oxidation at the site.