bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hussitlere Karşı Haçlı Savaşları: Orta Çağ Avrupası’nda Dinî Şiddet
Authors: Saday Barış
Published: June 2024

Hussit Haçlı Savaşları, Bohemya’daki askerî faaliyetlerin hacmi ve içerikleri bakımından doğaları gereği dinî olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu faaliyetlerin başlatıcıları, katılımcıları ve savunucuları bahsi geçen dinî doğayı kazandırmaktadır. John Huss’un 1415’te Constance’ta yakılmasının ardından Bohemya’nın Çekçe konuşulan topraklarında başlayan dinî reform hareketi, kendisini ulusal terimlerle tanımlayan ve iyi belirlenmiş bir siyasî toplulukla özdeşleşmiştir. Lüksemburglu Sigismund, 1420’de iradesini Bohemya’ya zorla dayatmaya karar verdiğinde reform hareketini benimseyen grupların geniş bir koalisyonu, ki “Tanrı Yasası” (lex Dei) olarak yorumladıkları şeyi savunmak için askerî güç kullanmaya karar verdiler. Sigismund’un kötü şöhretli işgali, Papalık vasıtasıyla haçlı seferi olarak ilan edilmiştir. Koalisyonun bu savunmayı bir din savaşı olarak algılaması muhtemeldir. Ancak seçilmiş imparatorun bunun haçlı seferi şeklini alması gerektiği konusundaki anlaşması, şüphesiz rakiplerinin çatışmanın kutsal karakterine dair hislerini keskinleştirmektedir. Haçlı Seferleri dışında, Orta Çağ’da dinî doktrinlerin saldırıya karşı böylesine sürekli ve organize bir şekilde savunulmasının bir örneği olmadığı gibi, Reformasyon’a kadar da benzer bir durum bulunmamaktadır. Hussit Haçlı Savaşlarında dinsel bir savaş yürüten bir grup insan, aynı görüşe sahip bir başka grupla karşı karşıya gelmiştir. Haçı takanlar, sıradan olmayan kadehi savunanlarla savaşmıştır. Çalışmamız, Hussit merkezli olarak Bohemya topraklarındaki reform hareketlerini ve onun neticesindeki askerî seferleri ele almayı amaçlamaktadır. Böylece Papalık kurumunun dini araçsallaştırarak siyasî amaçlar için kullanılmasını “Hussit Haçlı Seferleri” üzerinden irdelemektedir.
Çin’deki Oğuzlar: Rus Kaynaklarına Göre Salar Türklerinin Göçü
Authors: Özyurt Ulutaş Selcen
Published: June 2024

Çin tarafından resmen Türk ve Sünni-Müslüman olarak kabul edilen Salar Türkleri 700 yıl evvel bugün Çin’de yaşadıkları yere göç etmişlerdir. Yaşadıkları tüm zorluklara rağmen dillerinden, kültürlerinden taviz vermeden günümüze kadar gelebilmeyi başarmışlardır. Haklarında yazılı kaynakların az olması sebebiyle hangi tarihte nereden, neden göç ettikleri hususunda kesin bilgi yoktur. Bu nedenle Salar Türklerinin kimlikleri, geçmişleri farklı efsanelerle harmanlanmış ve yeniden inşa edilmiştir. Çalışmada Salarların Çin’e göçleri ve yerleşmelerine dair daha önce hiç kullanılmamış olan Rusça birinci el kaynaklar tetkik edilmiş ve Semerkant’tan Çin’e göçlerine dair farklı bilimsel bir yorum ortaya konulmuştur.
Fiziki Gelişim Bağlamında Bir Kent Biyografisi: Nevşehir
Authors: Eravcı Hacı Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Nevşehir Osmanlı sürecinde bir devlet ricali ve Cumhuriyet sürecinde de milli kalkınma çabaları ile kırsal ve kentsel mekânsal gelişim süreci yaşayan bir yerleşim yeridir. Bu araştırmanın amacı; Nevşehir kentinin ilk kuruluşundan günümüze fiziki yapılanması bağlamında mekânsal gelişimin analiz edilmesidir. Bu çalışmanın tasarımı üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır: Birinci aşama, coğrafi konum, Osmanlı’ya kadar tarihsel arka planın ortaya konmasıdır. İkinci aşama, XVIII. asrın ilk çeyreğinde bir Osmanlı paşasının himayesi bağlamında Nevşehir kentinin ortaya çıkışı ve sonraki süreçte sosyal–kültürel mekânsal ögelerin gelişimini yazılı kaynaklardan elde edilen veriler ışığında ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Üçüncü aşama Cumhuriyet ideolojisinin kırsal ve mekânsal gelişim sürecindeki etkilerinin yansımalarının ortaya konmasıdır. Öyle ki burada jeopolitik ve idari gerekçelerle kentin idari statüsünün değişimi, ayrıca göç, sanayileşme, turizm ve yeni üretim alanlarına bağlı nedenlerle ortaya çıkan mekânsal ögelerdeki değişim ele alınacaktır. Bu çalışma da interdisipliner bir yaklaşımla idari düzenlemelerin, demografik yapı değişiminin kentleşme süreci bağlamında mekânsal ve işlevsel etkilerinin tartışılmasına katkı sağlayacağı gibi göç, sanayileşme ve turizmin kentleşme ile etkileşimi, bağlamında şehrin geleceğine dönük planlama kararları için analitik bir çerçeve de sunacaktır.
Respons Imun Mencit terhadap Vaksin DNA Virus Demam Babi Afrika A224L dan A276R dengan Enkapsulasi Lipofektamin, Kolesterol dan Polimer
Authors: Kamil Sylvia , Mahardika I Gusti Ngurah Kade , Suardana Ida Bagus Kade
Published: June 2024

A vaccine against African Swine Fever (ASF) is urgently needed to reduce losses for pig farmers throughout the world. The study was aimed to test the immune response of mice to an ASF-DNA vaccine with the A224L and A276R genes with polymer, lipofectamine, and cholesterol adjuvants. Each mouse was vaccinated intramuscularly with 25 μg of plasmid encapsulated with the above adjuvants. Mouse sera were collected at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4. Antibodies against A224L and A276R were detected by ELISA test using synthetic peptides as antigens. Optical density (OD) values were analysed statistically using the Analysis of Variance test with the SPSS Version 25. The results showed that the OD values of the serum of mice given the ASF-A224L and A276R DNA vaccines with polymer adjuvants (0.149), lipofectamine (0.080), and cholesterol (0.058), as well as control mice (0.020) differed significantly (p= 0.000), while the time of serum collection had no significant effect (p=0.517). The conclusion is that the OD values of mice sera after DNA-ASF-A224L and A276R encapsulated with polymer, lipofectamine and cholesterol were statistically significant, while sampling time did not show any statistically difference. Further studies are needed to improve the adjuvant mixing protocol with larger quantities of plasmids.Keywords:mice; DNA vaccine; ASF; polymer; ELISA
Psychological Climate dan Employee Engagement Pada Karyawan Rakha Medika Group Palembang
Authors: Nopriansa Wawan , Ema Yudiani
Published: June 2024

Psychological climate ditentukan dari seberapa baik seorang karyawan dibimbing, dibangun dan dihargai oleh perusahaan sehingga membentuk pola perilaku positif, diantaranya karyawan memiliki rasa engagement yang tinggi. Namun yang terjadi di Rakha Medika Group ditemukan ciri-ciri dari penurunan employee engagement yang berdampak pada menurunnya kualitas layanan kesehatan, yang berpengaruh pada individu dan perusahaan namun juga berpengaruh pada nyawa dan kesehatan masyarakat yang berobat. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui psychological climate terhadap employee engagement pada karyawan Rakha Medika Group Palembang. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan rancangan korelasional. Dalam pemilihan subjek, peneliti menggunakan teknik total sampling. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 53 orang karyawan Rakha Medika Group Palembang. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regeresi sederhana dengan pearson’s product moment. Berdasarkan uji hipotesis antara psychological climate terhadap employee engagement dinyatakan signifikan, hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi 0,00 dimana <0,05 maka hasil ini menunjukan bahwa psychological climate memiliki pengaruh terhadap employee engagement pada karyawan Rakha Medika Group Palembang.
Mapa jako pałac pamięci — o średniowiecznej kartografii symbolicznej, wykresach i pielgrzymkach wyobrażonych
Authors: Morawiecka Maria Magdalena
Published: June 2024

Artykuł opisuje propozycję wykorzystania wypracowanej na gruncie badań kulturoznawczych kategorii mnemotoposu do analizy historycznych przedstawień kartograficznych. Autorka stawia sobie za cel ukazanie potencjału poznawczego wynikającego z przyłożenia metafory „miejsc pamięci” do obrazów przedstawiających miejsca geograficzne, co nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w wypadku omawianej epoki (średniowiecze), za którą stoi bogata tradycja dydaktycznych zastosowań materiałów wizualnych oraz ich związków z ars memoriae. Punktem wyjścia jest osadzenie rozważań w tradycji kulturoznawczej. Następnie krótko omawiana jest typologia map średniowiecznych oraz teoria stawiająca tezę o istnieniu pokrewieństwa między formą najpopularniejszego średniowiecznego typu kartograficznego i stosowanymi ówcześnie w kulturze monastycznej „kołami pamięci” — tak zwanymi rotae. W dalszej części artykułu wymienione zostają argumenty za uznaniem możliwości powiązania map z badaniem kulturowych form pamięci i zapamiętywania, poparte przykładami z materiałów źródłowych. Na koniec autorka odnosi się do tytułowej metafory „pałacu pamięci”. Celem wywodu jest próba wykazania, w jaki sposób średniowieczne podejście do kartograficznych lokacji może się łączyć z omawianą w tekście mnemotechniczną metodą loci, co byłoby przesłanką, by widzieć w nich klasyczne mnemotoposy.
Bezpieczeństwo klientów z dysfunkcją alergiczną w lokalach gastronomicznych w świetle badań ankietowych
Authors: Orchowski Jakub
Published: June 2024

W ostatnich latach obserwuje się znaczny wzrost zachorowalności na alergie pokarmowe, które w skrajnych przypadkach mogą zagrażać życiu lub zdrowiu klientów lokali gastronomicznych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja stanu wiedzy pracowników (kelnerów i kucharzy) o alergenach w posiłkach serwowanych klientom z dysfunkcjami gastrycznymi. Praca powstała na bazie studiów literaturowych z zakresu ekonomii, marketingu i zdrowia publicznego. Przeprowadzono również badania wtórne na podstawie dostępnych baz danych. Realizacja celu artykułu możliwa była dzięki wykonanym badaniom pierwotnym na dwóch próbach: 68 pracownikach lokali gastronomicznych oraz 203 klientach restauracji i kawiarni. Z badań wynika, że co piąty konsument w lokalu gastronomicznym uczulony jest na dany alergen. Ponadto kompetencje większości załóg lokali nie bazują na własnej wiedzy, co ma związek z brakiem satysfakcjonujących szkoleń.
Porównanie wpływu internetowych i tradycyjnych form reklam na konsumentów sklepów kosmetycznych w Polsce
Authors: Mackiewicz Natalia
Published: June 2024

Niniejsza praca została napisana na podstawie badań wtórnych, czyli analizy dostępnych danych statystycznych oraz raportów dotyczących reklamy oraz branży kosmetycznej. Dodatkowo przeprowadzono badania pierwotne, których celem było porównanie wpływu reklamy internetowej i reklamy tradycyjnej na konsumentów sklepów kosmetycznych w Polsce. Badanie zostało wykonane w listopadzie i w grudniu 2023 roku na próbie 314 respondentów, ostatecznie do analizy zakwalifikowano 280 kwestionariuszy. Ankietowani stwierdzili, że najbardziej zachęcającą do zakupu formą reklamy jest ta, która pojawia się w mediach społecznościowych takich jak Facebook, Instagram czy TikTok. Ponadto aż 71% respondentów odpowiedziało, że reklama internetowa zachęca ich do zakupu kosmetyku, którego nie mieli zamiaru kupić. W przypadku reklamy tradycyjnej było to zaledwie 35%. Jeśli chodzi o stosunek respondentów do prezentowanej klasyfikacji reklamy, zdecydowanie bardziej pozytywnie odbierana jest reklama internetowa — 20 punktów procentowych więcej odpowiedzi niż w przypadku reklamy tradycyjnej (stosunek zdecydowanie pozytywny lub raczej pozytywny).
Analiza wartości rynkowej spółek groszowych notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych (GPW) w Warszawie
Authors: Lesiak Magdalena
Published: June 2024

Celem opracowania jest rozpoznanie wartości rynkowej spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych podmiotów, których wartość księgowa na tyle przewyższa wartość rynkową, że ich akcje można uznać za groszowe. Artykuł obejmuje badania własne, toteż nakreślona została hipoteza, iż akcje groszowe spółek notowanych na GPW w Warszawie, stanowiąc o ich niedowartościowaniu względem kondycji finansowej, tworzą istotny spekulacyjny sygnał zakupowy dla inwestorów, co powoduje w dłuższej perspektywie wzrost wartości spółki na rynku. Przeprowadzone badania obejmują analizę ekonomiczno-finansową dotyczącą aspektu wartości rynkowej oraz analizę porównawczą i miary statystyczne. Otrzymane wyniki wykazały, że nie można dostrzec wyraźnego spekulacyjnego impulsu zakupowego, który wywoływałby w dłuższej perspektywie wzrost wartości spółki na rynku. Jednak pomimo istniejących fluktuacji w badanych obszarach, nie ma podstaw do jednoznacznego stwierdzenia, że zamysł dokonania inwestycji w tak zwane spółki groszowe, będzie nietrafny. Jednocześnie należy mieć na względzie, że ten rodzaj inwestycji związany jest z wysokim ryzykiem, na przykład ze względu na ograniczoną płynność.
Bezczynność wierzyciela jako przesłanka umorzenia postępowania egzekucyjnego — uwagi „de lege lata” i postulaty „de lege ferenda”
Authors: Bródka Jakub
Published: June 2024

Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie umorzenia postępowania z uwagi na bezczynność powoda (upadek instancji) w postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w odniesieniu do bezczynności powoda w postępowaniu rozpoznawczym. Szerzej określona jest kompetencja komornika sądowego do umorzenia z urzędu postępowania ze względu na bierność strony wnioskującej niż sądu cywilnego jako organu prowadzącego postępowanie rozpoznawcze. We wstępie zdefiniowano pojęcie upadku instancji na podstawie polskiej doktryny procesu cywilnego. W dalszej części dokonano próby wskazania różnic między bezczynnością powoda w postępowaniu cywilnym a bezczynnością wierzyciela w postępowaniu egzekucyjnym, określaną jako bezczynność rozszerzona, obejmująca szerszy katalog zachowań procesowych. Poruszono także zagadnienie różnic między uchylonym art. 823 k.p.c. a obowiązującym obecnie art. 824 § 1 pkt 4 k.p.c., który reguluje upadek instancji. Na koniec wskazano w punktach wnioski, z których wynika, że należy odróżnić bezczynność wierzyciela ze względu na odmienny charakter postępowania egzekucyjnego od obecnych regulacji zawartych w Kodeksie postępowania cywilnego.
Aspekt wychowawczy indywidualnoprewencyjnej dyrektywy sądowego wymiaru kary po nowelizacji z 7 lipca 2022 roku
Authors: Pfanhauser Michał
Published: June 2024

Ustawa z dnia 7 lipca 2022 roku o zmianie ustawy — Kodeks karny oraz niektórych innych ustaw zmodyfikowała po raz pierwszy od uchwalenia Kodeksu karnego brzmienie art. 53 § 1 k.k., między innymi pozbawiając dyrektywę prewencji indywidualnej jej wychowawczego charakteru. Zmiana ta jest sprzeczna zarówno ze współczesną aksjologią prawa karnego, jak i z wartościami o charakterze konstytucyjnym oraz uniwersalnymi zasadami cywilizacji łacińskiej wywodzącymi się z filozofii greckiej, prawa rzymskiego oraz moralności chrześcijańskiej. W związku z tym proponuje się taką interpretację wskazanego przepisu, by w drodze wykładni prokonstytucyjnej oraz wnioskowań opartych na instrumentalnym wynikaniu norm prawnych możliwe było utrzymanie aspektu wychowawczego prewencji indywidualnej na równi z pozostałymi aspektami tejże dyrektywy.
Analiza skuteczności TikToka jako formy komunikacji marketingowej wśród generacji Z
Authors: Martynów Maria
Published: June 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zbadanie skuteczności aplikacji TikTok jako formy komunikacji marketingowej wśród pokolenia Z. Artykuł został napisany na podstawie badań wtórnych — analizy danych statystycznych i literatury przedmiotu. Na potrzeby pracy przeprowadzono również badania pierwotne, których celem była analiza efektywności platformy TikTok jako kanału komunikacji marketingowej wśród młodych ludzi. Badania przeprowadzano od końca listopada do połowy grudnia 2023 roku. Uzyskano odpowiedzi 347 respondentów, a zebrane wyniki umożliwiły sformułowanie wniosków. Wyniki badań sugerują, że bezpłatne formy reklam są skuteczniejsze niż ich płatne odpowiedniki. Spośród badanych 72% zadeklarowało, że nigdy nie poczyniło zakupów ze względu na płatny format reklamy na platformie TikTok. Z kolei w przypadku bezpłatnych form odsetek ten wynosi 51,1% ankietowanych. Oznacza to, że bezpłatne formy reklamy są o 20,9% skuteczniejsze od odpłatnych form. Ponadto 26% badanych uważa, że wyświetlona w aplikacji reklama zdecydowanie nie wpłynęła na ich zakupy.
Technology for introducing students to possibilities of ChatGPT and Midjourney as educational tools
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Koroleva Anna V.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. We analyze the experience of introducing university students to the possibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching through chatbots ChatGPT and Midjourney. Presented data on the versatility of AI and its presence in most ecosystems of the modern world is a justification for the expediency of including AI in the educational process of the university. The data, as a result, actualizes the need to master the skills of working with AI among almost any professional. One of the university’s tasks is to ensure the maximum development of students and their competitiveness in the labor market, so gradual, systematic training in skills of working with AI is appropriate and important. It is advisable to build any process of acquiring skills on the principle of complicating tasks, therefore, the first acquaintance with the use of AI should be accessible and successful. Based on this principle, we propose interesting and simple pedagogical design tools. As one of the main problems of AI is the assumption of errors and inaccuracies due to the use of not always high-quality information in the process of machine learning, the developed technology includes tools for the development of critical thinking. It is proved that all students’ training in working with AI must necessarily be accompanied with critical thinking development, as it is necessary to increase independence and culture of working with information. This technology can be used in teaching any discipline and at all levels of professional training.
Developing foreign language communicative competence in students through project-based learning
Authors:   Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov, Baygudanova Gulzhanat K.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. This study investigates the impact of Project-Based Learning on the development of communicative competence in English proficiency among students. In the context of higher education's evolving landscape and the increasing demand for English proficiency in a globalized world, traditional teaching methods face challenges in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical communicative skills. While language education often emphasizes grammar, vocabulary, and speech perception, this study recognizes the critical need for robust communicative skills, including effective expression, meaningful conversations, and navigating diverse communication scenarios. We integrate real-life communicative activities through Project-Based Learning into the curriculum. Twenty Kazakhstani undergraduate students participated in a 15-week study in various Project-Based Learning activities. Pre and post-assessments, including English speaking tests, were conducted to evaluate the impact on communicative skills. Results show a significant increase in posttest scores, indicating the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning in enhancing language proficiency. A moderate positive correlation suggests tailored interventions based on existing proficiency levels. Despite limitations, this study contribute significantly to language education, highlighting Project-Based Learning transformative potential in cultivating communicative competence aligned with the evolving needs of learners in a globalized society.
Cognitive component in corporate culture structure of a university lecturer
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Abdalina Larisa V. , Plaksina Natalia I. ,   Voronezh Economic and Law Institute
Published: June 2024

Abstract. We consider the importance of studying the corporate culture of a university lecturer. Its relevance is due to the fact that universities need highly qualified specialists who are able to share the mission of the university, carry out strategic tasks and maintain the traditions of Russian higher education. All this is possible with the formation and development of a corporate culture, in the structure of which one of the components is cognitive. It ensures mastery of the technical means of implementing the phenomenon being studied and performs the function of self-realization of the lecturer in professional activities. As criteria for assessing the formation of the cognitive component, we identify two indicators: knowledge of corporate norms and ethics of relationships. The first indicator acts as the main criterion with which the lecturer correlates his behavior in the profession. Corporate norms make it possible to ensure stability and orderliness of different polar vectors of behavior and styles of professional activity of a university lecturer. The second indicator allows to regulate various types of interaction and communication within the teaching community. Possession of the ethics of relationships in a team creates a lecturer’s moral character and regulates behavior in the professional community. Thus, the cognitive component of the corporate culture of a university lecturer implements two important functions: self-education and professional growth of the lecturer. Using the author’s questionnaire, three levels of development of the cognitive component were identified. The first normative level is the basis for the formation of subsequent ones.
A Comparative Artistic Approach to the ‘Rice Eating Scene’ in
Authors:   The Research Of The Korean Classic, Lee Jeong-won
Published: June 2024

In order to deepen our literary understanding of the rice eating scene in , this paper compares  with paintings depicting a meal scene. The paintings of The Last Supper, which recreates the event of the Last Supper as recorded in the Christian Bible, and , painted by the 16th century Flemish painter Pieter Bruegel, were examined. Eating is both a material cycle of nature that mediates life and an act of human civilization. I considered this duality as an important clue to understanding the uniqueness of the work, which deals with the overcoming of materiality and the isolation of the figure.
‘Overcoming Materiality’ is a discussion of how the figures overcome the materiality of the act of eating to achieve a level of civilization, and what that means. In the paintings of The Last Supper, the figures are reverent in the presence of food and isolate the betrayer Judas. The paintings of the Last Supper thus suggest that humans, as spiritual beings, should be oriented toward a community of faith. In , people eat, drink, and rejoice. In this way, human beings are not limited to spiritual beings, but physicality and social solidarity are affirmed. In , Heungbu's family members cut gourds and eat gluttony. As such, they are seen as regressive beings. However, unlike Imugi and Nolbu, Heungbu's hunger is inherent in a moral tension, as Heungbu's family is committed to ethical eating. Thus, gluttony is understood as an act of satisfying the moral hunger inherent in hunger and rejoicing in the rewards of morality.
If eating is an act of expressing and pursuing civilized meaning, that meaning will be realized differently for different people. This is because civilizational meaning belongs to the realm of the mind, and people are in different situations. In Leonardo da Vinci's , Jesus is isolated. Jesus' calmness expresses that he is the savior and divine providence is transcendence. In Pieter Bruegel's , the bride is isolated. However, the distinction between the bride and her guests is only temporary, and the bride's smile expresses that the reception in the peasant community is an embodiment of humanity that should be respected. In , Heungbu is isolated. He does not find sympathy from the rest of the family for his family's integrity, his belief in humanity, or his ethical obligation to wait for the wicked to be reformed. However, the good fortune of his brother shows that his isolation is not in vain. His isolation expresses his simple trust in humanity and the difficulty of that trust.
IMPLEMENTASI ETIKA PEJABAT MK: STUDI KASUS KEPEMIMPINAN ANWAR USMAN
Authors: M. Jundi Rabbani  , Jati Cahya Kusumajati , Mukhsin Achmad
Published: June 2024

Kasus pelanggaran etika terhangat datang dari Mahkmah Konstitusi, yakni Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Anwar Usman dinyatakan terbukti melakukan pelanggaran kode etik berat dan perilaku hakim konstitusi dalam penangangan perkara 90/PUU-XXI/2023 soal pengujian syarat usia calon presiden dan wakil presiden. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini yakni pertama, untuk menganalisis beberapa pelanggaran kode etik yang dilakukan oleh hakim konstitusi Anwar Usman. Kedua, untuk menganalisis implementasi etika kepemimpinan hakim konstitusi Anwar Usman. Metode yang digunakan yakni kepustakaan atau biasa disebut dengan library research, dengan menggunakan berbagai literatur yang serupa, kemudian ditulis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pertama, Anwar Usman terbukti melanggar 5 prinsip, yaitu Prinsip Ketidakberpihakan, Integritas, Kecakapan dan Keseksamaan, Independensi, serta Kepantasan dan Kesopanan. Kedua, tindakan yang dilakukan oleh Anwar Usman sangat bertolak belakang dengan dua prinsip etika kepemimpinan, yaitu kejujuran dan keterbukaan, integritas dan profesionalisme.
Kata kunci :  Etika, Anwar Usman, Kepemimpinan, Mahkamah Konstitusi
DESAIN PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MITA (MENTAL IMAGERY THERAPY FOR AUTISM) BAGI TUNAGRAHITA DALAM MEMPELAJARI HURUF HIJAIYAH
Authors: Nur hasanah Shofiah , Mir’atun Nur Arifah
Published: June 2024

Pentingnya pendidikan Al-Qur’an tidak hanya diberikan kepada anak-anak biasa, tetapi juga kepada anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus. Terdapat tantangan tersendiri bagi SD N Pojok sebagai sekolah inklusi dengan jenis kebutuhan khusus siswa tunagrahita (lambat belajar) karena tidak adanya media yang dirancang secara khusus bagi siswa tunagrahita dalam mempelejari huruf hijaiyah, sehingga siswa tunagrahita tertinggal jauh dalam memahami bacaan huruf hijaiyah dari siswa normal lainnya. Pada penelitian ini berupaya untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis MITA berbentuk puzzle hijaiyah untuk membantu siswa tunagrahita mempelajari huruf hijaiyah. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian research and development model ADDIE 5 tahap: Analysis, design, development, implementation dan evaluation. Berdasarkan hasil penerapan puzzle hijaiyah dari analisis dilakukan identifikasi belajar huruf hijaiyah siswa tunagrahita dan wawancara, kemudian dilakukan rancangan media berbentuk puzzle hijaiyah menggunakan canva dan 3 akomodasi khusus dari MITA, tahap pengembangan dilakukan cetak kartu dengan bahan dan ukuran tertentu, dan melakukan implementasi media puzzle kepada siswa tunagrahita, terakhir di tahap evaluasi didapati hasil bahwa media puzzle hijaiyah berbasis MITA mampu membantu meningkatkan pemahaman huruf hijaiyah siswa tunagrahita karena mereka mampu membedakan huruf hijaiyah beserta dengan warna, bentuk dan ukuran yang berbeda dalam satu puzzle.
LONG - TERM IMPACTS OF TONSILLECTOMY IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Rostov State Medical University, BOIKO NATALIA V. , STAGNIEVA IRINA V. ,   Rostov State Medical University, KIM ANASTASIA S. ,   Rostov State Medical University, GUKASYAN ELENA L. ,   Rostov State Medical University, ZATULIVETROVA DARIA O. ,   Rostov State Medical University, STATESHNAYA PAULA A. ,   Rostov State Medical University
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. Tonsillectomy is the most common surgical procedure in the practice of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. Over the past 100 years views on the indications and utility of this surgery in childhood have been changed many times. Aim. The aim is to summarize the available studies of the long-term effects of tonsillectomy in children. Material and methods. A search was carried out in the SCOPUS, Science Direct, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, RSCI databases using the keywords: chronic tonsillitis, recurrent tonsillitis, tonsillectomy in children, long-term results, quality of life, immune system. A selection of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort, prospective and controlled studies for the period from 2002 to 2021 was performed for further analysis. Results and discussion. Analysis of the literature demonstrates an unequivocal positive assessment of the long-term results of tonsillectomy in such diseases and pathological conditions as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), Marshall’s syndrome (PFAPA syndrome), pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus (PANDAS), recurrent tonsillitis. However, cohort studies carried out in Denmark and Sweden found an increased relative risk of upper respiratory and autoimmune diseases in the long-term period. Conclusion. The ambiguity in assessing the long-term results of tonsillectomy performed in childhood indicates the need for strict selection of children for surgical treatment, taking into account all the risks in the early and late postoperative period.
THE ROLE OF FATTY ACIDS IN THE LIPID METABOLISM DISORDERS MECHANISMS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENT SYNDROME
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, LEIKHTER SVETLANA N.
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The determination of blood serum fatty acid composition is promising in lipid metabolism disorders study in narcological patients. Aim. The study aim was to establish the fatty acids role in lipid metabolism disorders mechanisms in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. Material and methods. 208 people were examined, including 96 patients with the second stage alcohol dependence syndrome; 112 people were practically healthy persons during professional examinations. Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The total polyunsaturated content, omega-3 and omega-6 acids was calculated. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS 15.0 application software package. Results and discussion. In narcological patients, a low saturated fatty acids content was revealed, which, against the liver dysfunction background, leads to their insufficient inclusion in the triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins structure. The low content of ω-3 α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic and ω-6-linoleic, arachidonic acids helps to reduce the biologically active substances synthesis with pro- and anti-inflammatory activity. The necessity of blood serum fatty acid composition purposeful study to clarify the comorbid alcohol-attributive morbidity development is substantiated. Conclusion. To identify the lipid metabolism disorders mechanisms in narcological patients, it is more important to determine not the lipid metabolism «traditional» parameters, but the blood serum fatty acid composition. The low ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids content affects the biologically active substances synthesis with pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, which may explain the decrease in reactivity in patients with somatic pathology. The identified alcohol-associated violation the fatty acid composition signs can be considered as chronic alcohol intoxication screening markers when conducting lipid metabolism study in drug-related risk groups, for example, when they are in somatic hospitals.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CLASSIFICATIONS OF MECHANICAL INJURIES OF THE ORGANS OF VISION FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION
Authors:   Samarkand State Medical University, INDIAMINOV SAYIT I. , DAVRANOVA AZIZA E. ,   Samarkand State Medical Institute, RASULOVA MUKHSINA R. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The development of a unified classification of injuries of the organ of vision is necessary not only for clinicians, but it is also important for forensic medical experts, both for scientific developments and for solving practical forensic problems, especially in cases of examination of injuries of mechanical origin to establish the severity of the harm caused to health. Aim. Aim is to identify the most rational classification of mechanical injuries of the organ of vision to solve the problems of forensic medical examination of damage to these structures. Material and methods. Studies were conducted on both clinical (150) and expert (178) materials. The main literature of recent years on the problem of injuries of the organ of vision is analyzed. Results and discussion. Currently, there is no unified classification of injuries of the organ of vision, covering all the clinical and morphological aspects of this problem. To solve forensic problems, the classifications of injuries of the organ of vision (2002). In this case, the classification should take into account the nature, localization of damage to the external and internal structures of the eyes, as well as the presence of combined damage to adjacent anatomical structures – the head and orbit structure, as well as the zygomatic bone. The forensic medical qualification of the severity of the harm caused to health also depends on the complications and long-term outcomes of injuries to the structures of the eyeball and its appendages. Conclusion. With penetrating wounds of the cornea, in most cases it leads to loss or a sharp decrease in vision. With non-penetrating wounds of the cornea, visual function is usually preserved. The main qualifying criteria for assessing the severity of these injuries are the duration of the health disorder and the amount of loss of stable general ability to work. There is a high risk of developing post-traumatic inflammatory processes, atrophy of the optic nerve and subatrophy of the eyeball. The criteria for qualifying the severity of bodily injuries for these groups of injuries are the amount of permanent loss of general ability to work or complete loss of vision.
ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF PERSONS OVER WORKING AGE IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN FOR 2010–2020
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, KITAEVA ENDZHE A. , GALIULLIN DAMIR A. ,   Nationwide charitable foundation «Yardem», Kazan, SHULAEV ALEKSEY V. ,   Kazan State Medical University, YUSUPOVA LUIZA А. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, KITAEV MANSUR R. ,   Children’s City Polyclinic № 6, Kazan, GALIULLIN AFGAT N. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The article presents data from the analysis of medical and demographic processes in the health of the older population for 2010–2020 in the Republic of Tatarstan. Aim. The aim of the study is to formulate concluding statements based on the analysis of medical and demographic health processes of people over working age for 2010–2020 in the Republic of Tatarstan. These findings will be further studied in public health perspective and delivery of medical care for these people. Material and methods. The analysis of the population, mortality, disability, morbidity rates, life expectancy of people older than working age was carried out on the basis of official statistics for the period from 2010 to 2020 using the «Vital movement» table, materials of the State Autonomous Health Institution «Republican Information and Analytical Center» of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, «Health and Health Statistics for 2010–2020». Results and discussion. The medical and statistical indicators of the demographic aging of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan are given. The article gives a characteristics of morbidity, mortality, disability, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, as well as the prevalence of major socially significant diseases among people older than working age before the pandemic COVID-19 in the Republic of Tatarstan. Conclusion. The data presented in the article are of practical importance in carrying out social and hygienic monitoring, predicting medical and demographic processes in the health of people older than working age, and using them in planning measures to protect public health.
METHOD OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HAMMER TOE WITH HALLUX VALGUS
Authors:   Irkutsk Science Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, KOSAREVA MARIYA A. , LEONOVA SVETLANA N. ,   Irkutsk Science Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, USOLTSEV IVAN V. ,   Irkutsk Science Centre of Surgery and Traumatology
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The results of treatment of patients with hammer-toe deformity of the small toes associated with hallux valgus were analyzed. Disadvantages and complications of known methods of treatment are revealed. A new pathogenetic method was proposed, including the sequential execution of two osteotomies. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of surgical treatment of patients with hammer-toe deformity associated with hallux valgus. Material and methods. The proposed method of hammer-toe surgical treatment includes two osteotomies: diaphyseal osteotomy of the metatarsal bone and osteotomy of the proximal phalanx of the finger. The angle of open- wedge proximal phalanx osteotomy is equal to the angle of the residual rear deviation of the toe. Placement of the formed auto- or allo- bone grafts in the space of open-wedge proximal phalanx osteotomy. 36 patients were operated with this method. The effectiveness of this method was evaluated by comparative analysis with a group of 40 patients operated on by the Helal osteotomy. Results and discussion. The proposed method made it possible to eliminate the hammer-toe deformity of the second toe, significantly reduce the number of cases of residual rear deviation and significantly improve the functional result, eliminate hyperkeratosis on the foot, increase patient satisfaction. The values of the achieved correction of the rear deviation of the second finger in the metatarsophalangeal joint were determined, defining the repositionable capabilities of surgical methods equal to (40,17±2,32) degrees when using the proposed method, and (18,70± 3,27) degrees when performing osteotomy according to Helal osteotomy. Conclusion. The use of the proposed method of surgical treatment of patients with hammer-toe deformity associated with hallux valgus allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment, achieve permanent correction of deformation and correction of excessive dorsal deviation of the small toe in the metatarsophalangeal joint, improve the appearance of the foot, anatomical and functional result, reduce the risk of residual deformation in the form of a dorsal deviation of the finger.
Impacto técnico e de custos das diferenças de classificação funcional de pavimentos rodoviários
Authors: Chaves de Sousa José Levi , Lima Maia Camila , Vasconcelos Sarah Denise , Lacerda de Oliveira Francisco Heber
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar se existem diferenças na classificação da condição da superfície de um pavimento flexível rodoviário utilizando o Levantamento Visual Contínuo (LVC) e o Índice de Gravidade Global (IGG). Selecionou-se um trecho de em uma rodovia revestida com Concreto Asfáltico, visando a avaliação dos custos associados a cada classificação. Dada a exigência de um tempo maior para obtenção do IGG, a análise foi limitada a esse trecho. Os resultados revelaram divergências nas classificações e nos custos dos métodos nos segmentos iniciais da rodovia. Concluiu-se que o LVC ofereceu resultados melhores que o IGG, atribuíveis à subjetividade inerente à avaliação humana. Além disso, notou-se que os dois métodos se complementam na análise funcional de pavimentos rodoviários.
Shear behavior of autoclaved aerated concrete confined masonry walls with different scales
Authors: Varela-Rivera Jorge , Cancep-Rodriguez Juan , Fernandez-Baqueiro Luis , Moreno Herrera Joel Alberto
Published: June 2024

An experimental study on the shear behavior of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) confined masonry walls is presented.  A total of five reduced-scale walls were tested in the laboratory under reverse lateral loads.  Variables studied were the geometric scaling factor and the aspect ratio of walls.  Scales considered were 1:2 and 1:3. Based on the behavior of the reduced- and corresponding full-scale walls experimental scaling factors were determined.  Existing geometric scaling factors were compared with corresponding experimental scaling factors.  It was concluded that geometric scaling factors can be used to predict the shear strength and maximum shear strength of walls with scales of 1:2 and 1:3. Geometric scaling factors can only be used to predict stiffness and drift ratios associated with the maximum shear strength of walls.
Post-wildfire curve number estimates for the Southern Rocky Mountains in Colorado, USA
Authors: Giovando Jeremy , Reis Wyatt , Shillito Rose , Shaloka Elizabeth , Chow Christina , Kohn Michael , Memarsadeghi Natalie
Published: June 2024

The curve number method first developed by the US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (now the Natural Resources Conservation Service) is often used for post-wildfire runoff assessments. These assessments are critical for land and emergency managers making decisions on life and property risks following a wildfire event. Three approaches (i.e., historical event observations, linear regression model, and regression tree model) were used to help estimate a post-wildfire curve number from watershed and wildfire parameters. For the first method, we used runoff events from 102 burned watersheds in Colorado, southern Wyoming, northern New Mexico, and eastern Utah to quantify changes in curve number values from pre- to post-wildfire conditions. The curve number changes from the measured runoff events vary substantially between positive and negative values. The measured curve number changes were then associated with watershed characteristics (e.g., slope, elevation, northness, and eastness) and land cover type to develop prediction models that provide estimates of post-wildfire curve number changes. Finally, we used a regression tree method to demonstrate that accurate predications can be developed using the measured curve number changes from our study domain. These models can be used for future post-wildfire assessments within the region.
Keterampilan Variasi Mengajar Guru Di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Nanga Dangkan Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023
Authors: Wedyawati Nelly , Bony Fransiska  , Lusila Parida
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh temuan bahwa siswa di dalam kelas masih sering mengalami kebosanan dan kejenuhan yang disebabkan proses belajar mengajar yang monoton. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterampilam variasi mengajar guru di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 Nanga Dangkan Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif subjek penelitian adalah guru dan siswa kelas IV, objek penelitian adalah keterampilan variasi mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, komunikasi langsung dan studi dokumentasi. Alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan lembar observasi, lembar wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data interaktif Miles and Hubberman yang terdiri dari tahap; pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1) Guru sudah terampil dalam menerapkan variasi gaya mengajar. 2) Guru sudah menggunakan media pembelajaran visual dan kinestetik tetapi tidak terampil dalam menerapkan media audio. 3) Guru sudah menerapkan seluruh aspek variasi pola interaksi dengan seimbang. 4) faktor pendukung karena pengetahuan dan pemahaman guru dalam menciptakan suasana kelas yang menyenangkan dan faktor penghambat yaitu ketersediaan fasilitas yang minim membuat guru sering kali tidak menggunakan media pembelajaran dan kurangnya kreativitas guru dalam menciptakan media pembelajaran alternatif. Kesimpulan bahwa keterampilan variasi mengajar guru kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 Nanga Dangkan sudah terlihat terampil dan sudah terlihat dalam menerapkan variasi mengajar guru.
Penerapan Mind Mapping Sebagai Metode Meningkatkan Skill Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Arsita Sofia Inov Putri Arsita , Choiriyah
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan setelah peneliti melaksanakan kegiatan observasi di kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 23 Surakarta. Peneliti menemukan bahwa dalam penelitiannya tingkat berpikir kritis pada mata pelajaran IPAS peserta didik di kelas IV tergolong masih rendah. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan hasil belajar yang nilainya masih dibawah rata-rata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada mata pelajaran IPAS melalui penerapan metode mind mapping. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terjadinya peningkatan pada setiap siklusnya. Pada pra siklus nilai rata-rata kelas adalah 5,76 dengan persentase sebanyak 64%. Siklus I nilai rata-rata kelas menjadi 7,24 dengan persentase 80,4%. Kemudian pada siklus II nilai rata-rata kelas menjadi 7,96 dengan persentase 88,4%. Hal tersebut menunjukan peningkatan, pada setiap siklusnya, pada siklus I menunjukan peningkatan sebanyak 16,4% dan siklus II menunjukan peningkatan sebesar 8% dari siklus sebelumnya. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode mind mapping dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada mata pelajaran IPAS di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar.
Water quality assessment of a Ramsar site and promising impact of phytoextraction of heavy metals by native plant species.
Authors: Sanyal Doyeli , Batra Sahil , Grewal Surinder Singh , Bhattacharjee Niladri
Published: June 2024

In the current study, heavy metals concentrations and physico-chemical parameters of a recognized Ramsar wetland of India in the state of Punjab were examined in the year 2023. The potential heavy metal risks to humans residing in this region were assessed by calculating various metrics viz., water quality index (WQI), hazard index, heavy metal pollution index, hazard quotient, and carcinogenic risk. The surface water was found to be non-saline, with most of the sample levels ranging from moderate to very hard. The Ropar wetland was found to have organic load in eight locations bringing the Dissolved Oxygen level below the acceptable limit and thus unfit for human drinking (6 mg L− 1). The WQI was ‘bad’ in four sites which were all close to the Wetland. The heavy metal pollution load of the surface water was found to be low as the HPI value for all the 12 sites ranged between 1.28-11.305 which might be due to the phytoextraction by the native plants. The vegetation samples of water hyacinth, vetiver grass, and Indian mustard collected from the region revealed extremely high concentrations of heavy metals being accumulated inside these species. Out of the three, wild mustard was shown to be the most efficient in accumulating heavy metals followed by vetiver grass and water hyacinth. For the majority of the sites, the Hazard Index for each of the 16 metals was higher than the acceptable limit of 1, indicating a possible risk of non-cancer hazards for adults and children through surface water consumption. The USEPA's acceptable risk limit for arsenic was exceeded thereby increasing the probability of cancer risk in both adults and children due to surface water intake, suggesting a significant risk of cancer from arsenic exposure. The findings emphasized the importance of monitoring and restoration of fragile polluted wetland ecosystems through low-cost phytoremediation techniques.