bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concentrations of artificial and natural radionuclides in the bottom sediments of south-west Altai territory water bodies
Authors: Korovina O. Yu. , Somin V. A. , Aidarkhanova A. K. , Komarova L. F.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of the research is to study and analyze the environmental condition of small streams and reservoirs in the southwestern part of the Altai Territory (Russia), which were previously exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site. Conducting the research, the authors obtained the results of studying the content of artificial and natural radionuclides in the bottom sediments of the water bodies under investigation. Sampling of bottom sediments and their analytical studies were carried out in 2020–2022. The sampling involved measurements of the dose rate of bottom sediment gamma radiation. Having dried and ground the samples, the authors measured the flux density of alpha and beta particles from the surface. Laboratory studies of the samples were carried out using highly sensitive analytical equipment including an ORTEC GEM25P4-70 gamma spectrometer, an Alpha Analyst A1200-32AM CANBERRA alpha spectrometer, and a TRI-CARB 3110TR PerkinElmer beta spectrometer. The activities of natural radionuclides (potassium-40, thorium-232, radium-226) and artificial radionuclides (americium-241, plutonium-239+240, cesium-137 and strontium-90) were identified in the bottom sediments. It was determined that the radiation parameters of bottom sediments of water bodies in the southwestern part of the Altai Territory do not exceed the standard level, and the remains of traces of nuclear tests that took place at the test site are not found in the studied water bodies today.
Programming of marine engineers' simulator training
Authors: Savateev D. A.
Published: January 2023

Continuous improvement of the technical equipment of sea vessels is inevitably accompanied by the development and complication of the training base for marine specialists. Simulator training based on a computer model of operating the units of the liquefied natural gas tanker of the Veliky Novgorod type includes interactive computer programs for learning management, created using the e-Tutor computer module included in the simulator delivery set. In the course of systematizing the experience of using specialized programming tools for educational and research activities of students in organizing and conducting simulator training for electrical engineers on computer simulation models of sea vessels, a system of conventional graphic symbols for the elements of the flowchart of the training exercise program has been formed and their description has been given. Training and control exercises include familiarization with the mnemonic diagrams of the integrated marine vessel automation system and assessment of the state of the ship's electrical power system with their help, starting the propulsion electrical installation, providing energy to the operating propulsion electrical installation under load changes, switching on the backup diesel generator unit for parallel operation with the network in normal and emergency modes, acceleration of the vessel to the given speed in accordance with the tasks of the instructor. The advantages of training programming using the e-Tutor computer module are the ability to use the simulator in self-study mode with automated teaching support.
Export and exports risks of small and medium enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Heinzova Romana , Hoke Eva , Urbanek Tomas , Taraba Pavel
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 has created an entirely new unknown environment with new risks. Various restrictive national measures seeking to protect health took precedence over economic measures. Moreover, a large number of businesses are entirely dependent on international trade and exports. The aim of this paper is to map and analyze the development of small and medium enterprises’ exports during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic. Moreover, it identifies the most significant export risks and their perception by small and medium enterprises. The chi-square test, Cramer’s coefficient, and exact binomial test were used to verify the statistical dependencies of research questions and hypotheses.Empirically, the statistically significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the decline in small and medium enterprises’ exports was confirmed. In connection with the effectiveness of risk management, it was found that less than 50% of enterprises in the research sample are not ISO 31000-certified. The study concluded that the most significant export risks confirmed by statistical testing were COVID-19 risks and payment morale of foreign trading partners.
AcknowledgmentThis study is co-financed by DKRVO 2022/04 Lean a Project Management in manufacturing Industry in the Czech Republic.
Tekstilde İstatistiksel Proses Kontrol Uygulaması Örneği-Terbiye İşletmesi
Authors: PARLAKYİĞİT Pınar
Published: January 2023

Ülkemizin tekstilde ihracata yönelik bir konumda olması, bizi kalite kontrol konusunda daha dikkatli olmaya yönlendirmektedir. Tekstil endüstrisinde üretim ardı ardına gelen prosesler sonucu gerçekleşmektedir. Bir prosesin sonucu hammaddeden başlayarak iplik, dokuma, terbiye, boya ve en son hazır giyim ünitelerinde kendini göstermektedir. Her proseste kalite kontrolle ilgili çalışmaların dikkatlice ve eksiksiz yapılması, uygunsuzlukların proseste yakalanması, aksiyon ve önlem alınması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir tekstil işletmesinde apre işlemi uygulanan ipliği boyalı %70 pamuk %30 keten içeren gömleklik bir kumaş seçilmiştir. Bu kumaşa sırasıyla açma, yakma, yıkama, kurutma, ramözde kimyasal apre(silikon yumuşatıcı, buruşmazlık ve su iticilik), kalandır, kondense ve sanfor işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Bu kumaşın proses kontrollerinde yapılan toplam 1343 kontrolde 31 adet uygunsuzluk gözlenmiş olup yapılan pareto analizi ile bu uygunsuzluklardan en çoğunun kumaşın yaş beklemesi sonucu olduğu, diğerlerinin ise sırasıyla rotasyonlardaki dönmeme problemi, kamara ısı problemleri ve dikkatsizlik sonucu yırtılma olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kalite kontrolde yapılan testlerde ise çekmezlik ve kir-yağ problemleri gözlenmiştir. Bu uygunsuzlukların sonuçlarının kalite kontrolde ortaya çıkması nedeni ile kumaş kalitesine direk yansıyan kök-neden uygunsuzluklar olduğu, dolayısı ile uygunsuzluğu kaynağında yani proses sırasında çözümleyerek ileri safhalara taşınmasının ve kalitede problemlere yol açmasının da önüne geçilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Moment Aktaran ve Merkezi Çaprazlı Çok Katlı Çelik Yapıların 2018 Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliğine Göre Analizi ve Tasarımı (TBDY- 2018)
Authors: YILDIZHAN SAĞER Burcu , TEMEL Beytullah
Published: January 2023

Bu çalışmada, moment aktaran ve merkezi çaprazlı çok katlı çelik yapıların 2018 Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliğine göre tasarımı yapılmıştır. 5 ve 10 katlı konut tipi binaların boyutlandırılmasında Çelik Yapıların Tasarım, Hesap ve Yapım Esaslarına Dair Yönetmeliği 2016 (ÇYTHYE-2016) ile Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY-2018) kullanılmıştır. 5 katlı yapıların doğrusal deprem yükü hesaplarında Eşdeğer Deprem Yükü Yöntemi, 10 katlı yapıların doğrusal deprem hesaplarında Mod Birleştirme Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılarda Yük ve Dayanım Katsayıları ile Tasarım (YDKT) yöntemine göre yük birleşimleri oluşturularak tasarım yapılmıştır. Süneklik düzeyi yüksek moment aktaran ve merkezi çaprazlı çelik çerçevelerden oluşan 5 ve 10 katlı binaların modellemesi ve yapısal analizlerinde SAP2000

v.20.0 paket programından faydalanılmıştır.
Elektrikli Araç Bataryalarının Bütünleşik Swara-Topsis Metodu ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ABDULVAHİTOĞLU Adnan , ABDULVAHİTOĞLU Aslı , KILIÇ Mustafa
Published: January 2023

Küreselleşme ve dünya nüfusundaki hızlı artış birçok sorunu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bunlardan birisi de İçten Yanmalı Motorla çalışan araçların neden olduğu ulaşım, trafik ve çevre sorunudur. Bu yüzden bilim insanları bir yandan ulaşım ve trafik sorununu çözmeye çalışırken diğer yandan yenilenebilir ve çevre dostu alternatif enerji kaynakları ile bunları kullanan araçlar üzerine yoğunlaştırmaktadır. Özellikle elektrik makinaları, bataryalar ve güç elektroniği alanlarında yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler, girişimcileri elektrikli araç üretimine yönlendirmektedir. Elektrikli Araç çalışmalarında yaşanan ilerlemeler sayesinde batarya ile çalışan Elektrikli araçlar yavaş yavaş fosil yakıt kullanan araçların yerini almaya başlamıştır. Ancak daha iyi performans gösterecek batarya geliştirme çalışmaları devam ettiğinden elektrikli araç kullanımı yavaş, fakat hızlanarak devam etmektedir. Batarya geliştirme çalışmalarında öncelikle hızlı şarj, taşıt menzili, uzun pil ömrü, düşük maliyet, batarya kapasitesi, şarj süresi, batarya verimi ve batarya güç değeri vb. gereksinimler karşılanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu noktada Lityum-İyon bataryalar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Ancak geliştirilen Lityum-İyon batarya çeşitlerinin değişik performans özellikleri, Elektrikli Araç üreticilerinin batarya seçiminde karar vermelerini zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemlerinden Adım Adım Ağırlık Değerlendirme Oran Analizi ve İdeal Çözüme Benzerliğe Göre Tercih Sıralama kullanılarak, karar vericilere Lityum-İyon batarya seçiminde yardımcı olacak bir model önerilmiştir. Böylece Elektrikli Araç üretim çalışmalarında yer alan işletmelere en uygun bataryayı seçme, elektrikli araçların maliyetini azaltma ve performanslarını artırma çalışmalarında faydalı olunması öngörülmektedir.
Employer branding under COVID-19 pandemic in Russian companies
Authors:   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Kucherov Dmitriy G. , Tsybova Victoria S. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

An integrated approach to employer branding during COVID-19 pandemic based on employer branding orientation is considered in this article. The empirical study in employer branding was conducted in Russian companies in 2020. The research object was the HR professionals from Russian medium-sized and large companies. Using the data from the descriptive survey, the number of strategic (employer branding orientation, employer branding strategy, employer value proposition) and operational (communication programs, communication channels and content) features in employer branding in Russian companies during COVID-19 pandemic were identified.
A review of urban rainwater harvesting in China
Authors: Zhou Jinjun , Pang Yali , Fu Guangtao , Wang Hao , Zhang Yongxiang , Memon Fayyaz Ali
Published: January 2023

Over the past 30 years, water security issue in Chinese cities has become increasingly serious, largely due to rapid urbanization, population growth and disproportionate investment in water infrastructure. Urban rainwater harvesting (URWH), a household and community-level rainwater management measure, has been widely used during this period. This study provides a critical review of the policies, methods, technology, construction, implementation and benefits related to URWH in China. We show that URWH in China has gone through three phases over the past 30 years: an initial development phase, a rapid development phase and a sponge city construction phase. URWH research has focused mainly on rainwater harvesting, storage, utilization, management and other technologies, with limited attention to policy and benefit analysis. However, the scale of URWH construction and implementation in China remains small and needs further development. Currently, while URWH assessments cover social, ecological and environmental benefits, the economic benefits need to be further strengthened. The next step in URWH implementation should be to strengthen research and development of policy, legal and design standards. This study provides guidance for the implementation of URWH in Chinese cities and other cities alike in developing countries.
Probable Consequences of Permafrost Degradation of the Social Infrastructure
Authors: Badina S. V.
Published: January 2023

The article proposes an approach to assessing the probable damage from permafrost degradation by the middle of the 21st century for the fixed assets of healthcare and education located in the permafrost zone of the Russian Arctic. The high importance of social infrastructure in the Arctic territories implies the need for priority attention to ensuring its safety and smooth functioning. The lack of publicly available statistical information on the fixed assets value by economy sectors at the municipal level, required to assess potential damages, predetermined the need to solve the problem of developing an appropriate methodology for its assessment. The study showed that under the worst scenario of climate warming by 2050 and subsequent permafrost degradation in the Russian Arctic permafrost zone, the fixed assets of healthcare and education with a total value of about 79 and 162 billion rubles, respectively, can be subjected to destruction and deformation.
The Institute of the Federal Territory as a Tool to Reduce Regulatory Risks and Unlock the Intellectual Potential of the “Sirius” Science City
Authors: Afanasyeva О. N. , Sychev V. V.
Published: January 2023

In the context of escalating tensions between Russia and Western countries, the effective use of human intellectual capital becomes an ‘insurance certificate’ for ensuring technological sovereignty of each nation. In this regard, it is relevant to study the experience of creating the first federal territory on the basis of ‘Sirius’ science city, which is considered in this article in the framework of managerial paradigm of decision-making. The chosen theoretical and methodological approach makes it possible to assess the feasibility of using the institute of federal territory in relation to science city, taking into account the comparative advantages of the Sirius management model over other special legal regimes. The author concludes that the federal territory has public authorities, its own budget, property and built-in legal ‘brain drain stopper’ in the form of a grant agreement together with a set of measures to minimise the risks of legal regulation will reveal the intellectual potential of the federal territory institution, which can become a launching pad for scaling the ‘Sirius’ experience to other regions with a developed cluster of science and innovation and technology centres.
Ligands for the Benzodiazepine Binding Site - a Survey
Authors: Teuber L. , Watjen F. , Jensen L.H.
Published: January 2023

y-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian Central Nervous System (CNS). GABA participates in the 1·egulation of neuronal excitability through interaction with specific membrane proteins (the GABAA receptors). The binding of GABA to these postsynaptic receptors,
results in an opening of a chloride channel integrated in the receptor which allows the entry of c1- and
consequently leads to hyperpolarization of the recipient cell. The action of GABA is allosterically modulated by a wide variety of chemical entities which interact with distinct binding sites at the GABAA receptor complex. One of the most thoroughly investigated rnodulatory site is the benzodiazepin binding site. The benzodiazepines constitute a well-known class of therapeutics displaying hypnotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Their usefulness, however, is limited by a broad range of side effects comprising sedation, ataxia, amnesia, alcohol and barbiturate potentiation, tolerance development and abuse potential. Consequently, there has been an intensive search for modulatory agents with an improved profile, and a diversity of chemical entities distinct from the benzodiazepines. but with GABA modulatory effects have been identified. The existence of endogenous ligands for the GABAA receptor complex beside GABA has often been described, but their role in the regulation of GABA action is still a matter of controversy. The progress of molecular biology during the last decade has contributed enormously to the understanding of benzodiazepine receptor pharmacology. A total of 14 GABAA receptor subunits have been cloned from mammalian brain and have been expressed/co-expressed in stable cell lines. These transfected cells constitute an important tool in the characterization of subtype selective ligands. In spite of the rapidly expanding knowledge of the molecular and pharmacological mechanisms involved in GABA/benzodiazepine related CNS disorders. the identification of clinically selective acting drugs is still to come.
A Pharmacological Review of Competitive Inhibitors and Substrates of High-affinity, Sodium-dependent Glutamate Transport in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Bridges Richard J. , Kavanaugh Michael P. , Chamberlin A. Richard
Published: January 2023

The acidic amino acid L-glutamate ucts as both a primary excitatory neurotransmitter and a potential neurotoxin within the mammalian central nervous system. Functionally juxtaposed between these neurophysiological and pathological actions are un assorted group of integral membrane transporter proteins that rapidly and efficiently sequester glutamate into cellular and subcellular compartments. While multiple systems exist that are capable of mediating the uptake or L-glutamate, the high-affinity, sodium-dependent transporters have emerged as the most prominent players in the CNS with respect to terminating the excitatory signal. recycling the transmitter, and regulating extracellular levels of glutamate below those which could induce excitotoxic pathology. The focus of the present review is on the pharmacological specificity of these sodium­ dependent transporters and, more specifically, on the competitive inhibitors that have been used to delineate the chemical requirements for binding and translocation. Anulogues of glutamate that are conformationally constrained as a consequence of either the addition of substituents to the carbon backbone of glutamate or aspartate (e.g., -hydroxyaspartate or methylglutamate derivatives) or the incorporation of ring systems (e.g., (carboxycyclopropyl)glycines, aminocyclobutane dicarboxylates, or pyrrolidine dicarboxylates), have been especially valuable in these efforts. In this review, a particular emphasis is placed on the identification of analogues that exhibit preferential activity among the recently cloned transporter subtypes and on the differentiation of substrates from non-transportable inhibitors.
A Perspective on Therapeutic Applications and Strategies to Mitigate Toxicity
of Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Karuppaiah Arjunan , Selvaraj Divakar , Sellappan Mohan , Nagarajan Arumugam , Babu Dinesh , Rahman Habibur , Madheswaran Thiagarajan , Bose Bharadhan , Natrajan Tamilselvan
Published: January 2023

Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in clinical
practice. A number of MNP formulations are being investigated in clinical trials for various applications.
This increase in the use of NPs results in higher exposure to humans, leading to toxicity issues. Hence, it is necessary
to determine the possible undesirable effects of the MNPs after in-vivo application and exposure. One
of the main reasons for the toxicity of MNPs is the release of their respective metallic ions throughout the body.
Many research studies are in progress investigating the various strategies to reduce the toxicity of MNPs. These
research studies aim to change the size, dose, agglomeration, release, and excretion rates of MNPs. In this perspective
review, we discussed the possible strategies to improve the therapeutic effects of MNPs through various
processes, with lessons learned from the studies involving silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We also discussed
the ways to manage the toxicity of MNPs by purification, surface functionalization, synergistic effect, and targeted
therapy approach. All these strategies could reduce the dose of the MNPs without compromising their
therapeutic benefits, which could decrease the toxicity of MNPs. Additionally, we briefly discussed the market
and toxicology testing for FDA-regulated MNPs.
Review on Machine Learning & Deep Learning-based Heart Disease Classification & Prediction
Authors: S Deepika , N Jaisankar
Published: January 2023

Coronary Heart disease is the major factor for people’s deaths throughout the world, and it is necessary to detect and predict the disease in the earlier stages because time plays a vital role to save the coronary patient. From this paper, the authors can conclude that authors have used most of the machine learning and deep learning ensemble algorithms so that it can predict the heart disease at the early stage so that the patient’s life can be saved.
Durable Resistance of Rice to Major and Emerging Diseases: Present Status
Authors: Bag Manas Kumar , Raghu S. , Banerjee Amrita , Prabhukarthikeyan S.R. , Baite Mathew S. , Yadav Manoj
Published: January 2023

Background

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most dominating cereal crop and half of the global people have chosen it as staple food. Rice production has increased significantly but the productivity is not increased significantly to combat the global need. One of the major constraints of low productivity is biotic stresses faced by rice growers. Some of the important biotic stresses of rice are major diseases like brown spot, bacterial blight, blast, sheath blight and, few emerging but significant diseases like false smut, bakanae and sheath rot play crucial role in reducing yield per unit area and quality of rice. Host plant resistance is the most effective, economic and eco-friendly approach of mitigating disease like biotic stress problem.

Objective

The objective of this review is to compile data related to resistance in rice against various major and emerging diseases as well as their application to develop gene pyramided varieties that increase resistance to those pathogens to achieve durable resistance.

Methods

Diseases are one of the most important constraints for sustainable or demanding production level as well as maintaining different quality parameters of the rice. Different management practices including majority by chemical means are not always solution as it add production cost many times vis-à-vis cause pollution in every aspect. Thus, development of durable resistant varieties are the best approaches.

Result

An array of robust molecular markers and genetic map of the crop has made application of marker assisted selection possible for the traits controlled by resistant genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to induce durable resistance in the crop.

Conclusion

A comprehensive assessment on identification, sources and deployment of resistance genes/QTLs of major and emerging diseases of rice will help in development of varieties of rice with durable resistant to major and emerging disease-causing pathogens.
Diversity of Grasshopper on Agricultural Land and Savana in Dompu Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Khatimah Ainul , Setyo Leksono Amin , Yanuwiadi Bagyo
Published: January 2023

Grasshopper is one type of insect known as a plant pest that quite affects agricultural production. Grasshoppers also have benefits as natural predators and maintain ecological balance. One area where no research has been carried out on grasshopper diversity is Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research was conducted at 4 locations in Dompu, including corn, ex-corn, intercropping, and Doroncanga agricultural land, by making four transects at each location. Grasshoppers were collected using the insect net, and hand collecting was carried out at 07.00 and 16.00 WITA. The environmental factors that were calculated were air temperature, light intensity, wind speed, and air humidity, while the biotic factors observed were plant vegetation at each location and predators. Data analysis was performed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, and Margalef index. The results of this study indicate that Dompu Regency has the potential for diversity of grasshoppers with moderate criteria where the diversity of grasshoppers is strongly influenced by plant vegetation and human treatment on agricultural land
Formas de intervención del Estado en la marina mercante portuguesa, 1933-1985
Authors: Goularti Filho Alcides , Amaro António Rafael , Garrido Álvaro
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar las diferentes maneras de intervención del Estado en la trayectoria de la marina mercante portuguesa entre 1933 y 1985 en cuatro puntos: a) el régimen jurídico de concesión de subvenciones y los modelos de protección nacional; b) la formación y el mantenimiento de empresas navieras de propiedad estatal; c) los aspectos institucionales en la creación de órganos reguladores y promotores del sector naval; y d) los mecanismos de financiación a través de fondos y recursos liberados por bancos públicos y privados en los programas de fomento naval. La relación entre el Estado y la marina mercante siempre ha sido muy estrecha en Portugal, tanto en su formación como en el mantenimiento de las carreras y flotas y en su expansión. Incluso, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes periodos históricos y políticos y las distintas políticas económicas, la presencia del Estado en el sector naval ha sido siempre importante en el nivel de la concesión de subvenciones a las compañías navieras, en la garantía de mercados (protección), en la formación de empresas estatales, en el financiamiento de la renovación de la flota y en la organización de instituciones responsables por la formulación de políticas de fomento al sector naval durante el Estado Nuevo corporativo (1933-1974) y el régimen democrático (1974-1985).
Evaluating the Impact of Mask Mandates and Political Party Affiliation on Mental Health Internet Search Behavior in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Generalized Additive Mixed Model Framework
Authors: Gyorda Joseph A , Lekkas Damien , Price George , Jacobson Nicholas C
Published: January 2023

Background

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health worldwide and in the United States have been well documented. However, there is limited research examining the long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health, particularly in relation to pervasive policies such as statewide mask mandates and political party affiliation.

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine whether statewide mask mandates and political party affiliations yielded differential changes in mental health symptoms across the United States by leveraging state-specific internet search query data.

Methods

This study leveraged Google search queries from March 24, 2020, to March 29, 2021, in each of the 50 states in the United States. Of the 50 states, 39 implemented statewide mask mandates—with 16 of these states being Republican—to combat the spread of COVID-19. This study investigated whether mask mandates were associated differentially with mental health in states with and without mandates by exploring variations in mental health search queries across the United States. In addition, political party affiliation was examined as a potential covariate to determine whether mask mandates had differential associations with mental health in Republican and Democratic states. Generalized additive mixed models were implemented to model associations among mask mandates, political party affiliation, and mental health search volume for up to 7 months following the implementation of a mask mandate.

Results

The results of generalized additive mixed models revealed that search volume for “restless” significantly increased following a mask mandate across all states, whereas the search volume for “irritable” and “anxiety” increased and decreased, respectively, following a mandate for Republican states in comparison with Democratic states. Most mental health search terms did not exhibit significant changes in search volume in relation to mask mandate implementation.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that mask mandates were associated nonlinearly with significant changes in mental health search behavior, with the most notable associations occurring in anxiety-related search terms. Therefore, policy makers should consider monitoring and providing additional support for these mental health symptoms following the implementation of public health–related mandates such as mask mandates. Nevertheless, these results do not provide evidence for an overwhelming impact of mask mandates on population-level mental health in the United States.
Using Decision Trees as an Expert System for Clinical Decision Support for COVID-19
Authors: Chrimes Dillon
Published: January 2023

COVID-19 has impacted billions of people and health care systems globally. However, there is currently no publicly available chatbot for patients and care providers to determine the potential severity of a COVID-19 infection or the possible biological system responses and comorbidities that can contribute to the development of severe cases of COVID-19. This preliminary investigation assesses this lack of a COVID-19 case-by-case chatbot into consideration when building a decision tree with binary classification that was stratified by age and body system, viral infection, comorbidities, and any manifestations. After reviewing the relevant literature, a decision tree was constructed using a suite of tools to build a stratified framework for a chatbot application and interaction with users. A total of 212 nodes were established that were stratified from lung to heart conditions along body systems, medical conditions, comorbidities, and relevant manifestations described in the literature. This resulted in a possible 63,360 scenarios, offering a method toward understanding the data needed to validate the decision tree and highlighting the complicated nature of severe cases of COVID-19. The decision tree confirms that stratification of the viral infection with the body system while incorporating comorbidities and manifestations strengthens the framework. Despite limitations of a viable clinical decision tree for COVID-19 cases, this prototype application provides insight into the type of data required for effective decision support.
Topic Modeling of Health Rumors Based on Anti-Rumor Tweets on the WeChat Platform: Machine Learning Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Li Ziyu , Wu Xiaoqian , Xu Lin , Liu Ming , Huang Cheng
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Social network has become one of the main channels for the public to obtain health information. However, it has also become a source for the spread of health-related misinformation. Health-related misinformation seriously threatens the public’s physical and mental health. Topic identification is the premise of health-related misinformation governance.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the types of health-related misinformation favored by WeChat public platform users and their prevalence trends.

METHODS

We used a web crawler tool to capture health rumor-dispelling tweets collected on the rumor-dispelling public account. We collected text information from health-debunking tweets posted between January 1, 2016, and August 31, 2022. Following word segmentation of the collected text, a document topic generation model, Latent Dirichlet Assignment, is used to identify and generalize the most common topics. The proportion distribution of themes was calculated, and the negative impact of various health rumors in different periods was subsequently analyzed. Additionally, the prevalence of health rumors was analyzed using the number of health rumors generated at each time point.

RESULTS

From January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2022, we collected 9,366 rumor-refuting tweets from WeChat official accounts. Through topic modeling, we divided the health rumors into eight topics, including the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases (n = 1,284, 13.71%), disease therapy and its effects (n = 1,037, 11.07%), food safety (n = 1,243, 13.27%), cancer and its causes (n = 946, 10.10%), regimen and disease (n = 1,540, 16.44%), rumors of transmission (n = 914, 9.76%), healthy diet (n = 1,068, 11.40%), and nutrition and health (n = 1,334, 14.24%). Furthermore, we summarized the eight topics into four themes, including public health, disease, diet and health, and rumor spreading.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that the topic model can provide analysis and insights into health rumor governance. The analysis of rumor development trends shows that public health, disease, and diet and health problems are the most affected areas of rumors. Governments still need to consider national conditions, formulate appropriate policies, and deal with health rumors more comprehensively. While ensuring the health of the Internet, we should also improve the level of national quality education. We recommend that additional sentiment analysis-related studies be conducted to verify the impact of health rumor-related topics.
The Effects of Online Self-management Interventions for Patients With Mood Disorders: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ahn Junggeun , Kim Jiu
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Self-management has become important as a complementary approach to the recovery of patients with mood disorders, and the need for a remote intervention program has been revealed in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to systematically review the studies for evidence on the effects of online self-management interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy or psychoeducation for patients with mood disorders and to verify the statistical significance of the effectiveness of the interventions.

METHODS

A comprehensive literature search will be conducted using a search strategy in nine electronic bibliographic databases and will include all randomized controlled trial studies conducted up through December 2021. In addition, unpublished dissertations will be reviewed to minimize publication bias and to include a wider range of research. All steps in selecting the final studies to be included in the review will be performed independently by two researchers, and any discrepancies will be resolved through discussion.

RESULTS

Institutional review board approval was not required because this study was not conducted on people. Systematic literature searches, data extraction, narrative synthesis, meta-analysis, and final writing of the systematic review and meta-analysis are expected to be completed by 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review will provide a rationale for the development of web-based or online self-management interventions for the recovery of patients with mood disorders and will be used as a clinically meaningful reference in terms of mental health management.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/45528
Economía, crecimiento urbano y el cambio climático local en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México
Authors: Zaragoza Badillo Jorge , Guzmán José Ramón
Published: January 2023

Varios científicos de diferentes disciplinas han estudiado el cambio climático global; algunos dicen que es causado por la acción humana en la tierra. Sin embargo, también hay un cambio climático local. En este sentido, investigadores de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México han registrado temperaturas diferenciadas en algunas zonas de la Ciudad de México. Los especialistas conocen este fenómeno como “islas de calor urbano”. Afirman que este fenómeno se debe a la ubicación geográfica, el clima de la zona, la forma en que ha crecido la ciudad e incluso la economía del país. De hecho, este trabajo parte de aspectos históricos y teóricos de cómo ha crecido la Ciudad de México con su respectiva urbanización acelerada y desordenada, que ha tenido como trasfondo la actividad económica con sus respectivas migraciones hacia y dentro de la zona.
Prolegómenos a una filosofía de la tecnología basada en TRIZ
Authors: Luna Alcoba Manuel
Published: January 2023

Las fuentes primarias de la tecnología, los textos con los que se han formado los ingenieros, los procedimientos por los que logran nuevos inventos o las tendencias ínsitas en la historia de los desarrollos tecnológicos, constituyen áreas que han recibido comparativamente menos atención que otras dentro del floreciente campo de la filosofía de la tecnología. TRIZ, sin embargo, muestra la enorme riqueza que atesoran. La Teoría para la Resolución de Problemas Inventivos (TRIZ por sus siglas en ruso), desarrollada por G. S. Altshuller a partir de 1946 pertenece a la estirpe del ars inveniendi leibniziano, con el que guarda sorprendentes concomitancias. La descripción de algunos de sus protocolos permite una primera estimación de sus posibilidades para explicar la creatividad técnica, multiplicarla y anticiparla. Se abren así oportunidades nuevas y retadoras para la filosofía de la tecnología, aunque, como buen ars inveniendi, las consecuencias que pueden extraerse de TRIZ van más allá.
La realización tecnológica de las fantasías sobre el cuerpo: una respuesta a partir de las reflexiones sobre la técnica de José Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Dzul Hori Astrid
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar una propuesta para reivindicar el cuerpo retomando las reflexiones filosóficas sobre la técnica de José Ortega y Gasset. Si bien el filósofo español no lo abordó dentro de su quehacer filosófico, es relevante ponerlo a dialogar con debates contemporáneos sobre tecnología para ver si hay alguna respuesta novedosa que se pueda obtener. La propuesta esbozada en esta investigación se sitúa en el marco del debate entre transhumanistas y bioconservadores al respecto de las tecnologías que descorporizan, tomando como ejemplos principales el mind-uploading y la realidad virtual. De igual manera, ubica al cuerpo dentro del giro que trajo consigo el surgimiento y desarrollo de la cibernética. Para llevar a cabo tal reivindicación, propongo el argumento del proyecto vital —retomando terminología orteguiana— para sostener la tesis de que la realización tecnológica de las fantasías sobre el cuerpo no sólo depende del acceso a los materiales, sino del proyecto vital de una determinada época. Es así como, a través de uno de los autores canónicos de la filosofía de la tecnología, se puede repensar la importancia del cuerpo dentro del desarrollo e impacto de la tecnología contemporánea, así como poner a dialogar su propuesta con proyectos contemporáneos como el transhumanismo. Esto último con la intención de proporcionar otra lectura a problemas que son de interés para el debate entre transhumanistas y bioconservadores.
Low-speed finite element frontal impact analysis on aluminum alloy bumper made of 6063-T6
Authors: Serrano Pérez Javier
Published: January 2023

In this research, a low-speed impact numerical simulation has been performed on a 6063-T6 Aluminum alloy bumper welded by MIEA technique using ANSYS® LS-DYNA® Workbench™ 19.2, according to the requirements of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations. For the numerical simulation, mechanical properties were obtained from quasi-static tensile tests in 6063-T6 aluminum alloy joints, these joints were manufactured using the MIEA (modified indirect electric arc) technique and a MIG welding process and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). For the numerical impact simulation, the following parameters have been used: mass of the impactor of 1000 kg, speed of the impactor 4 km/hr and material of the impactor AISI 4130 steel. The simulation study showed that aluminum alloy joints used in bumper beam has excellent mechanical strength under low-speed impact conditions. Among the mechanical properties that have been recovered due to PWHT are the following: it was possible to harden the fusion zone, that is, there was an increase in hardness values from 80 HV0.1 to 98 HV0.1, the heat affected zone was eliminated, obtaining hardness values of approximately 110 HV0.1, a recovery in yield strength (59%) was observed, that is, in welding condition (170 MPa) and welding condition plus PWHT (270 MPa). In terms of tensile strength, a recovery (42%) was observed, going from welding condition (214 MPa) and welding condition plus PWHT (304 MPa). Tensile strength also had an increase ranging from 214 MPa to 304 MPa. This represents an increase of 42 pct. Finally, the simulation showed that the welding zone on the bumper has very good resistance to low speed impact since no permanent deformations were observed, that is, after the impact the bumper returns to its initial position.
Basic methods used for data analysis in adaptive thermal comfort studies
Authors: Rincón Martínez Julio César
Published: January 2023

Existing research literature on adaptive thermal comfort studies shows the methodology used and results obtained; however, the information for data analysis is reduced. Methods commonly used to interpret and understand the thermal comfort phenomenon are univariate type and, usually, use the linear regression to predict the behavior of one variable from the variation of other; among others, Simple Linear Regression method and Averages by Thermal Sensation Interval method can be identified, although it is also possible to find studies based on the ANSI/ASHRAE 55 method or on machine-learning algorithms. This document describes a procedure that allows three-stages data to be statistically processed: Database capture, Database preparation, and Data Correlation. In each case, the steps to be followed are specified and different statistical alternatives are indicated to achieve certainty in the results. From different studies specialized in thermal comfort, it is possible to identify that the Averages by Thermal Sensation Interval method offers results with greater consistency and causality regarding the perceived thermal sensation and its phenomenological correspondence with the monitoring of the environmental conditions. As a complementary resource, a personalized spreadsheet whit the three methods described in this paper is including.
Does cattle ranching drive activity patterns of jaguar (Panthera onca) and puma (Puma concolor) in the Brazilian Pantanal?
Authors: Viana Diego Francis P. , Larcher Letícia , Rabelo Ângelo P. C. , Hoogesteijn Rafael , Tortato Fernando Rodrigo , Porfirio Grasiela E. O.
Published: January 2023

We conducted a comparative study of jaguar and puma activity patterns within a mosaic of protected areas (AMR) and on a cattle ranch (CR) in Pantanal, Brazil, to better understand their activity patterns in these landscapes. We hypothesized that the activity patterns of the jaguar and puma would be biased to the nocturnal period within the cattle ranch but not in the protected areas. We used data from camera traps analyzed through a non-parametric kernel density approach to explore interspecific and intraspecific temporal relationships between these species at both sites. We obtained 71 jaguar and 29 puma independent records at AMR, and 85 jaguar and 26 puma independent records at CR. Activity patterns of jaguars and pumas differed between sites, both being cathemeral in AMR, but nocturnal at CR with moderate to high overlaps, concordant with our hypothesis. Overall, our data suggest that the cattle ranching is not incompatible with the existence of jaguars and pumas but does shape their pattern of activities.
Defining environmentally heterogeneous sites when faced with conservation urgency and scarce in situ data
Authors: Garrido-Garduño Tania , Vázquez-Domínguez Ella , Dávila-Aranda Patricia , Lira-Saade Rafael , Arenas-Navarro Maribel , Téllez-Valdés Oswaldo
Published: January 2023

We apply an environmental domains approach to identify environmentally heterogeneous characteristics defining a landscape matrix. We built environmental layers for national, regional, and local scales, considering the different scales studies can have. We used a numerical classification of explicit spatial layers and performed a multivariate classification. Based on the domains obtained, we mapped the landscape’s climatic heterogeneity and identified a comprehensive set of environmental variables that defined the landscape matrix at each scale. We specifically tested our approach for its suitability to define a sampling strategy for a landscape genetics study, using as focal species the rodent Heteromys pictus. Namely, from the domains obtained at the local scale, we selected sampling localities that comprised the broadest habitat heterogeneity, which we corroborated in the field. The landscape matrix thus generated was used with genetic data previously obtained for H. pictus. Our approach allowed identification of environmental variables significantly associated with dispersal (gene flow) of H. pictus individuals in their natural habitat. We demonstrate its adequacy to efficiently determine sampling localities —or landscape sites— that encompass the highest environmental heterogeneity, in explored and unexplored landscapes, enabling rapid identification of localities and their environmental characteristics where in situ information is scarce.
Testate amoebae assemblages from two tropical high-mountain lakes in central Mexico during the last ~60 years
Authors: Caballero Margarita , Sigala Itzel , Moreno Joanna , Vega-Flores Mireya , Oseguera Luis A. , Ruiz-Fernández Ana Carolina , Alcocer Javier
Published: January 2023

Testate amoebae are bioindicators sensitive to environmental change, which show good preservation in sediments of low pH environments, such as high mountain lakes (LAM). The presence and diversity of testate amoebae were documented in surface sediments and sediment cores, dated with 210Pb, from the only 2 LAMs in Mexico (El Sol and La Luna), which have shown signs of recent human-induced changes. A total of 18 taxa were recorded and the main species observed in both lakes were Difflugia glans “glans” and D. globulosa. Specific richness and Shannon’s diversity index were higher in Lake El Sol than in the smaller, acidic and ultraoligotrophic Lake La Luna. The sediment cores recorded changes, during the last 20 to 25 years, in the composition of the testate amoebae communities (El Sol) and in their dominance (La Luna), as well as increased accumulation rate and concentrations of iron and organic carbon. These are signs of anthropogenic impact on the lakes, which should alert us to improve protection measures for these unique ecosystems, not only at the local (crater) level, but also with a more regional perspective.
Link of gut microbiome with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alkhammash Alhanouf M. , Alshehri Wafa A. , Alhozali Amani M. , Bahieldin Ahmed
Published: January 2023

The gut microbiota presented in the human digestive system plays an active role in maintaining host health. Recent studies that rely on the use of high throughput metagenomic sequencing (MGS) revealed the association of dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial community and many chronic diseases, specifically type 2 diabetes (T2D). This disease is considered one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide comprising up to 90%. This article presents the most prominent research in this field and summarizes the method used to study the diversity of the gut microbiome through the use bioinformatics tools. We highlight the role of gut metabolic products in the development of T2D, as many studies have proven the influence of microbial metabolite products, such as LPS and SCFAs, on blood glucose levels through the microbial-host cross-talk. In addition, this article underlines the interaction of epigenetic mechanisms and the gut microbiome in regulating and developing T2D. The latter can be an appropriate preventative or therapeutic approach for several human metabolic diseases. Therefore, future research is required to build new type of T2D therapy based on epigenetic mechanisms, microbial composition, and microbial metabolites.