bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting the occurrence of stoneflies (Plecoptera) on the basis of water characteristics, river morphology and land use
Authors: Lock Koen , Goethals Peter L. M.
Published: July 2014

Stoneflies are macro-invertebrates that are sensitive water quality indicators. Here, their occurrence was modelled based on physical–chemical water characteristics, river morphology and land use with five different modelling techniques. In a case-study in Flanders, stoneflies were found in 219 samples and two sets of absence data were gathered: 219 random samples from sites without stoneflies and 219 samples from sites downstream of each sampling site where stoneflies were observed. With both random and downstream absences, logistic regressions, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, random forests and classification trees could all successfully predict stonefly occurrence. For most environmental parameters, significant differences were found between sites with and without stoneflies. As stoneflies were only detected in a few percent of the samples, the ecological water quality is obviously still too low in most watercourses. Based on planned water quality improvement measures, an ensemble forecast using the five mentioned modelling techniques predicted that stonefly prevalence will only increase marginally by 2015 and 2027. To meet the European Union Water Framework Directive requirements, which states that all surface waters should obtain a good ecological quality, a more ambitious management plan is needed to decrease nutrient concentrations and improve habitat quality.
The FluidEarth 2 implementation of OpenMI 2.0
Authors: Harpham Quillon , Cleverley Paul , Kelly David
Published: July 2014

Following the release of the OpenMI 2.0 standard for model coupling with reference object classes (interfaces) in C# and Java, a set of tools including a Software Development Kit (SDK) and Graphical User Interface (GUI) is expected to accompany it. These are necessary to enable numerical model developers to easily adapt their models to become OpenMI compliant and to allow modellers to easily assemble and run compositions of them. FluidEarth 2 is an HR Wallingford initiative providing these open source tools for the .net 4.0 Framework together with training, community support and sample models. They are the only such open source tools available so in this sense they act as the reference SDK and GUI for OpenMI 2.0 with .net. The purpose of this paper is to outline these and demonstrate a set of examples. A series of components were successfully constructed and compositions built. These include training models designed to demonstrate different aspects of model coupling, moving to industry strength model codes simulating dam-break bathymetry updates. The FluidEarth 2 tools have been designed to be cross-platform and have been tested under Windows and Linux (using Mono). Usage is successfully demonstrated, providing an environment for integrated modelling with OpenMI 2.0.
Failing Ethics 101: Psychologists, the U.S. Military Establishment, and Human Rights
Authors: Boyd J. Wesley , LoCicero Alice , Malowney Monica , Aldis Rajendra , Marlin Robert P.
Published: July 2014

The American Psychological Association (APA) has long maintained a close, even symbiotic, relationship with the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Veterans Administration (VA). Herein we highlight these close ties and describe psychologists' participation in interrogations by U.S. military and intelligence entities. We then review the APA's statements about the permissibility of psychologist participation in the interrogation and torture of suspected terrorists. These issues are significant in and of themselves and because the VA and DOD have been described as “growth careers” for psychologists of the future (1). Additionally, the Health Care Personnel Delivery System allows the drafting of civilian clinical psychologists into military service even in the absence of a general draft. In light of psychologists' extensive involvement in the interrogation process of suspected terrorists, and the possibility that psychologists without prior military experience may be drafted, we wondered how much psychologists have been taught about their ethical duties should they find themselves in military settings. The results of our pilot study of U.S. psychology graduate students, which assessed their knowledge of military ethics, raise concerns that psychologists receive inadequate formal training in these matters. This may leave psychologists vulnerable to misinformation about proper ethical conduct in their future work.
Coronectomy of two neighbouring ankylosed mandibular teeth: A case report
Authors: Biocanin Vladimir , Todorovic Ljubomir
Published: July 2014

Introduction. Intentional partial odontectomy or coronectomy is primarily
advocated in situations with intimate relationships between the roots of the
tooth indicated for extraction and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). The aim
of this report was to present a patient with two neighbouring infraoccluded
teeth in the right mandible indicated for extraction prior to prosthetic
rehabilitation, which were coronectomied as to prevent injuring of the IAN
and causing iatrogenic fracture of the mandibular body. Case report.
Coronectomy of both teeth was performed as recommended in the literature. The
patient had no special discomfort after the operation or deficit in sensitive
nerve function, and the wound healed uneventfully. The patient was followed
regularly during a 2- year period. Conclusion. The presented case suggests
coronectomy as quite beneficial solution for avoiding serious problems
(injuring of the IAN and possible fracture of the mandible) and making
feasible forthcoming prosthetic rehabilitation.
Silicon solar cells with Al2O3 antireflection coating
Authors: Dobrzański Leszek , Szindler Marek , Drygała Aleksandra , Szindler Magdalena
Published: July 2014

The paper presents the possibility of using Al2O3 antireflection coatings deposited by atomic layer deposition ALD. The ALD method is based on alternate pulsing of the precursor gases and vapors onto the substrate surface and then chemisorption or surface reaction of the precursors. The reactor is purged with an inert gas between the precursor pulses. The Al2O3 thin film in structure of the finished solar cells can play the role of both antireflection and passivation layer which will simplify the process. For this research 50×50 mm monocrystalline silicon solar cells with one bus bar have been used. The metallic contacts were prepared by screen printing method and Al2O3 antireflection coating by ALD method. Results and their analysis allow to conclude that the Al2O3 antireflection coating deposited by ALD has a significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of the silicon solar cell. For about 80 nm of Al2O3 the best results were obtained in the wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm reducing the reflection to less than 1%. The difference in the solar cells efficiency between with and without antireflection coating was 5.28%. The LBIC scan measurements may indicate a positive influence of the thin film Al2O3 on the bulk passivation of the silicon.
Sertoli-Leydig tumor and male pseudohermaphroditism discovered during inguinal hernia surgery
Authors: Pallisera Anna , Jorba Rosa , Zárate Luis , Català Jordi , Moysset Irene , Jimeno Myreia
Published: July 2014

The diagnosis of inguinal hernia is usually clinical and it is performed with high sensitivity and specificity. Very occasionally, it may be confused with other diseases (lymphadenopathy, testicular pathology,etc). We report a rare case of a 80-year-old woman with a clinical diagnosis of hernia, which was underwent surgery and a tumor from the hernia orifice was found. After histological analysis we discovered that the misdiagnosed hernia was actually a tumor on a rudimentary testis. After radiological, gynecological and cytogenetic assessment we obtained an unexpected diagnosis: Male psheudohermaphroditism and Sertoli-Leydigtumor (SLCT) development on the testis. Diagnostic guidance for disorders of sexual development is based almost entirely on pediatric experience and very few guidelines are available for adults. Male pseudohermaphroditism is an intersex condition in which the carriers show a phenotype that includes external female genitalia, but a male genetic and gonadal sex. SLCT are sex-cord stromal tumors which develop in ovary and very rarely in the testis, representing 0.1–0.5% of ovarian tumors and less than 0.2% of testicular tumors. Thus far 24 case have been reported in the literature in which SLCT tumor has developed on testis.
Reflections on 1989
Authors: Ost David
Published: July 2014

Perhaps the most surprising part of my recollection of 1989 is to recall the large part of it that was not surprising at all. Because nothing had gotten back to “normal” in Poland in the 1980s, the political events of that decade always happened with Solidarity as the “other.” Because the political situation never seemed resolved, it was always in flux. What happened in 1989 was thus treated initially as part of that flux, by me and by Polish political actors themselves.
Urban commons and urban struggles
Authors: Bertho Alain
Published: July 2014

Ida Susser and Stéphane Tonnelat are right to
view the question of the urban commons in
global cities as a crucial issue. It has precipitated
massive urban and often violent struggles. We
know that the ideological basis of these fights is
very similar from one continent to another.
Within the global space there is a global repertory
of urban mobilizations and urban riots.
Global cities can also be analyzed through the
clashes that occur there. Where is this car burning?
Beijing, Dakar, Buenos Aires, Tunis, or
Mumbai? Where is the "southern world" and
where is the "northern one"? When the riot
erupts, who can distinguish the political regimes
of the country? Against which government
is this Molotov cocktail thrown? Against a
democratic power or against a dictatorship? All
that remains are the national peculiarities of the
urban context. Why? First, because residents of
global cities are faced with national states, national
laws, national polices, in historical contexts.
Second, because urban residents are in
charge of the question of the people as a nation,
as a collective subject in the heart of the cities.
Economic value analysis of Galanthus sp. in Turkey
Authors: Demir Aynur , Arisoy Munevver
Published: July 2014

The economic value analysis has been carried out by detecting the production, good and service value functions of Galanthus sp. in Turkey. In the analyses, economical valuation techniques, group comparisons, ecological and socio-cultural valuation criteria had been used. Total flow value for goods and service functions of Galanthus sp. had been calculated as $68/year/unit per Galanthus sp. and the potential flow rate per Galanthus sp. had been estimated at $137/year. The total value of Galanthus sp. had been calculated as $544,000,000/year for annual export of 8 million Galanthus. When the positive added value, which was included in ecological and sociological processes and created by non-pecuniary values and the wealth and heritage value were added, it was easily seen that the economic value of the Galanthus was considerably high. Moreover, it had been determined that especially, the medical source value ($23/year) was a crucial factor among this value. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19748 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 65-71, 2014 (June)
Gene mining: A case study on putative iron-responsive cyanobacterial genetic locus using in silico bioinformatics, ecophysiology and expression-combined approach
Authors: El Semary NA
Published: July 2014

Gene mining is an advanced approach used for annotating genetic loci and assigning them a putative function. In that regard, a Phormidium-like cyanobacterium was initially tested positive for its ability to produce iron-chelators. To mine for the putative genetic locus associated with these iron-chelators, a combined bioinformatics, ecophysiological, molecular and expression approach was applied. In order to test for the influence of iron limitation/starvation on the putative gene(s) involved, different levels of iron limitation/starvation were applied and the expression was quantified using real-time PCR. Mild iron limitation induced the expression of this iron-responsive locus at the beginning of iron stress but no detectable levels of expression were found as the stress continued. This possibly indicates the switch off of this putative genetic locus under conditions of extreme iron starvation. This locus is most likely involved in the synthesis of a membrane-associated protein that mediates iron transport or binding across membrane. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19751 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 79-86, 2014 (June)
Trichome morphology of Ajuga orientalis L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey
Authors: Çali Ilkay Öztürk , Cansaran Arzu , Yildirim Cengiz
Published: July 2014

Morphology and localization of the trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Ajuga orientalis L. from Turkey were investigated. Peltate, capitate glandular and non-glandular trichomes were found on the stem, leaf, petiole, calyx and corolla surfaces of A. orientalis. Three sub-types of capitate glandular trichomes were found whereas two sub-types of non-glandular ones were stated on the several organs of A. orientalis. Glandular trichomes were mainly observed on calyx and corolla, but non-glandular ones were found on the stem, leaf surface and petiole. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19754 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 91-95, 2014 (June)
Systemic Targeted Alpha Radiotherapy for Cancer - A Review
Authors: Allen Barry J
Published: July 2014

The fundamental principles of internal targeted alpha therapy for cancer were established many decades ago. The high linear energy transfer (LET) of alpha radiation to the targeted cancer cells causes double strand breaks in DNA. At the same time, the short range of alpha- radiation spares adjacent normal tissues. This targeted approach complements conventional external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Such therapies fail on several fronts, such as lack of control of some primary cancers (eg glioblastoma multiforme) and inhibition of the development of lethal metastatic cancer after successful treatment of the primary cancer. This review charts the developing role of systemic high LET in internal radiation therapy. Targeted alpha therapy is a rapidly advancing experimental therapy that holds promise to deliver high cytotoxicity to targeted cancer cells. Initially thought to be indicated for leukaemia and micrometastases, there is now evidence that solid tumours can also be regressed. Alpha therapy may be molecular or physiological in its targeting. Alpha emitting radioisotopes such as Bi-212, Bi-213, At-211 and Ac-225 are used to label monoclonal antibodies or proteins that target specific cancer cells. Alternatively, radium-233 is used for palliative therapy of breast and prostate cancers because of its bone seeking properties. In this review, preclinical studies and clinical trials of alpha therapy are discussed for leukaemia, lymphoma, melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, bone metastases, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and other cancers.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19755 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 21-38
3D Sensitivity of 8-Electrode FIM through Experimental Study in a Phantom
Authors: Saha Samiron Kumar , Al-Quaderi Golam Dastegir , Rabbani K Siddique-e
Published: July 2014

Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is a relatively new technique developed in the Biomedical Physics Laboratory of Dhaka University which allows improved localization of a zone without much increase in the complexity of measurement. Three versions using 8, 6 and 4 electrodes respectively have been conceived and developed. FIM has potential for characterization of biological tissues at depths non-invasively placing electrodes on the skin surface at appropriate locations, leading to detection or diagnosis of diseases or disorders. The present work is an experimental study of the sensitivity of the 8-electrode FIM system at different depths and lateral positions inside a volume conductor with respect to the electrode-positions using a cubical phantom with saline. An object of different conductivity and of size smaller than the electrode separation was placed inside the phantom at different positions to measure the change of FIM value, called sensitivity in this work. The study verified the focusing effect at the central zone where the sensitivity remained high and almost constant laterally for a certain depth, falling sharply outside. At shallow depths, the sensitivity showed enhanced peaks under the electrodes which however, decreased fast with depth. The sensitivity falls off sharply with depth becoming almost constant at greater depths but with greatly reduced value. The sensitivity at off axis positions from the centre also reduced outside the focused zone. Slightly negative zones of sensitivity were observed at lateral positions far from the center of the electrodes, but the values were negligible. This work will help standardize the application of 8-electrode FIM for determination of impedance of organs inside the human body. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19759 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 55-65
Improvement in the detection of Cervical Spondylotic Neuropathy through a combination of shifted frequency Distribution of F-Latency (DFL)
Authors: Rahman M Obaidur , Chowdhury Ehsan Alam , Rabbani K Siddique-e
Published: July 2014

Our extended group in Dhaka University has shown that frequency Distribution of F-Latency (DFL) of peripheral nerve trunks may be used for the detection of Cervical Spondylotic Neuropathy (CSN). A double blind study was performed recently to ascertain the efficacy of DFL in the detection of CSN using MRI findings as the benchmark, which was performed on 62 median nerves of 31 volunteers within an age range of 20 and 80 years. In our laboratory DFL is obtained by grouping F-latency data into 2ms bins and then plotting a frequency polygon. The shapes of the resulting polygons are sorted into two categories: i) single peak and ii) broad peak or multiple peaks. The first category was taken to represent normalcy while the second category was taken to represent CSN. The present work was taken up to study the effect on the polygon patterns due to shifting of the starting point of each bin by 1ms. Two decisions were made for each nerve regarding normalcy or CSN based on both the individual polygon patterns. Two more decisions were made based on the logic AND and logic OR operations of the above two decisions. These four individual decisions from all the nerves were then compared with MRI findings. This shows that such bin shifting and a decision based on OR logic on the two DFLs thus obtained gives the best overall efficacy compared to all the other procedures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v6i1.19762 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.6 No.1 2013 75-81
Modeling and Quantification of Repolarization Feature Dependency on Heart Rate
Authors: Zacur E. , Pueyo E. , Laguna P. , Minchole A.
Published: July 2014

Introduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Studying Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems”.

Objectives: This work aims at providing an efficient method to estimate the parameters of a non linear model including memory, previously proposed to characterize rate adaptation of repolarization indices.

Methods: The physiological restrictions on the model parameters have been included in the cost function in such a way that unconstrained optimization techniques such as descent optimization methods can be used for parameter estimation. The proposed method has been evaluated on electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of healthy subjects performing a tilt test, where rate adaptation of QT and Tpeak-to-Tend (Tpe) intervals has been characterized.

Results: The proposed strategy results in an efficient methodology to characterize rate adaptation of repolarization features, improving the convergence time with respect to previous strategies. Moreover, Tpe interval adapts faster to changes in heart rate than the QT interval.

Conclusions: In this work an efficient estimation of the parameters of a model aimed at characterizing rate adaptation of repolarization features has been proposed. The Tpe interval has been shown to be rate related and with a shorter memory lag than the QT interval.
Surdité et difficultés d'apprentissage en mathématiques, état des lieux et problématiques actuelles
Authors: Roux Marc-Olivier
Published: July 2014

Comment se situent les enfants et adolescents sourds par rapport aux apprentissages mathématiques ? Quelle est la nature de leurs représentations numériques ? Quelles sont les difficultés rencontrées en ce domaine ? Quels sont les facteurs explicatifs à même d’en rendre compte ? Quelles sont les réponses proposées ? Cet article présente un état de la question à partir des données scientifiques issues de la littérature internationale. À ce propos, se trouve mise en lumière la part des aspects langagiers, mais aussi celle d’autres facteurs : le manque d’expérience préscolaire informelle, les particularités associées au fonctionnement cognitif des enfants sourds, etc. Les problématiques touchant à cette question sont ici mises en regard avec l’actualité dans le domaine de la surdité en France (dépistage précoce, implant cochléaire™). Des orientations sont suggérées, en vue de recherches ultérieures.
Les cliniques traumatiques infanto juvéniles : vulnérabilités somato-psychiques et « péri-névrotiques »
Authors: Boucherat-Hue Valérie
Published: July 2014

Nous soutenons l’intérêt d’élargir le concept de « handicap psychique » aux situations de « handicap somatopsychique », pour désigner les répercussions invalidantes sur les fonctionnalités de l’organisation mentale, des atteintes qui engagent le corps dans ses dimensions psychosomatiques et psychomotrices. Il s’agit de se décaler de la notion socio-comportementale du handicap psychique pour aller vers ses traductions cliniques psychodynamiques. Ainsi, dans le cadre de la psychopathologie du « péri-névrotique », et à partir d’une vignette clinique, nous montrerons de quelle manière le « handicap somatopsychique » peut venir, chez l’adolescent, colmater les traumas de l’organisation affective, et faire suture provisoire à des étapes-clé qui engagent, comme les processus de la latence ou de l’adultisation, les après-coup de conflits développementaux œdipien et pubertaire suspendus.
Mobilisation des processus psychiques chez des enfants victimes d'agression sexuelle. Contributions du Rorschach à la clinique du trauma
Authors: Mazoyer Anne-Valérie , Roques Marjorie
Published: July 2014

Par le biais de deux situations cliniques, un enfant âgé de 9 ans et une adolescente de 13 ans, rencontrés à l’occasion d’un examen psychologique complet (WISC IV, Rorschach et TAT) effectué après des faits d’agression sexuelle, nous avons choisi de nous concentrer sur le Rorschach, afin de dégager des indicateurs du trauma. Ce test projectif se révèle être un médiateur privilégié pour établir une rencontre avec la jeune victime et semble faciliter la verbalisation et l’expression des processus psychiques mobilisés, afin de traiter l’événement traumatique. Après avoir exposé des tendances communes à nos sujets et d’autres plus singulières, nous avons dégagé les enjeux de l’évaluation psychologique en clinique de la maltraitance, ainsi qu’à la façon de l’articuler à une démarche éducative, notamment, avec les équipes sociales et la famille du jeune.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF LIGHT-FRAME AND TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURES
Authors: Malone Brian P. , Gupta Rakesh , Miller Thomas H. , Puettmann Maureen E.
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental performance of different wood structural assemblies for residential buildings. Two structural systems (a traditional timber frame and a light-frame) were compared together with alternate material options for each system. Environmental impacts were determined using the Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings software. Design alterations for generalization were made to an existing timber frame (TF) structure used as the basis of this analysis, and an equivalent light-frame (LF) structure was designed based on the International Residential Code (IRC). Environmental impacts observed include total energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption, global warming potential (GWP), and wood fiber use. All analyses were considered cradle-to-gate, including the manufacturing and construction life-cycle stages. Results show how GWP is linked to both fossil fuel consumption and wood fiber use, and how ultimate environmental impact is driven by energy source. Environmental impacts of structures are driven by material choice, and levels of carbon stored in structural wood serve to decrease GWP. Of the structural assemblies analyzed, the most traditional TF structure outperformed all other options in almost every measure.
DETERMINING THE EFFECT OF BUILDING GEOMETRY ON ENERGY USE PATTERNS OF OFFICE BUILDINGS IN TORONTO
Authors: Ferdous Tonima , Gorgolewski Mark
Published: July 2014

The project investigated the potential of building geometry to minimize energy consumption in office buildings. Five distinct geometries were modeled as mid-size office occupancies in the context of Toronto, Ontario, and examined with varied design parameters: window to wall ratio (WWR) and external static shading devices. IES VE software was used to predict the annual energy consumption of the five archetypes for 40 permutations. The outcome of this research showed that the variation of the total energy use from one shape to another was relatively small. WWR appeared to have a stronger impact on the energy pattern of a building than its shape. Overall, the energy performance of the archetypes were observed to conform to their individual building aspect ratios. The findings are thus expected to provide useful guidelines for architects on utilizing building geometry as an energy saving measure in the design of office buildings.
THE EFFECTS OF BALCONIES ON THE NATURAL VENTILATION PERFORMANCE OF CROSS-VENTILATED HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
Authors: Mohamed Mohd Farid , King Steve , Behnia Masud , Prasad Deo
Published: July 2014

Natural ventilation performance can be influenced by various factors, including facade treatments such as balconies. Balconies have been commonly incorporated into residential buildings for various purposes, yet the provision of a balcony as a passive design strategy to improve natural ventilation is not one of its common purposes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of balcony design on the natural ventilation performance of cross-ventilated high-rise apartments. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models to predict ventilation performance. CFD models are selected because of their accuracy, flexibility and ability to provide comprehensive data for the investigation. This study suggests that balconies in high-rise apartments could improve the ventilation performance of high-rise apartments, but that balconies can also have a negative impact on ventilation performance if not appropriately designed. Finally, this study suggests that balconies could improve the level of thermal comfort and indoor air quality of apartments by providing greater indoor air speed and better ventilation performance, respectively.
Constructing the autobiographical self, collective identity and spiritual spaces in South African queer autobiography
Authors: Marais Barrington M. , Stobie Cheryl
Published: July 2014

This article examines four recent collections of South African queer autobiographies. These are: Hijab: Unveiling queer Muslim lives, Yes I am! Writing by South African gay men,Reclaiming the L-word: Sappho’s daughters out in Africa and Trans: Transgender life stories from South Africa. Selected narratives from each collection have been analysed in order to exhibit the relational nature of autobiographical self-construction through an exploration of how it is specifically constructed in spiritual or religious spaces. The ubuntu theology of Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu is analysed as it intersects with representations of spirituality and religion in the texts. This article seeks to highlight the socio-political value of the texts and their functioning as important tools in the struggle for equality in which the queer minority currently find themselves.
Functional derivatives applied to error propagation of uncertainties in topography to large-aperture scintillometer-derived heat fluxes
Authors: Gruber M. A. , Fochesatto G. J. , Hartogensis O. K. , Lysy M.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Scintillometer measurements allow for estimations of the refractive index structure parameter Cn2 over large areas in the atmospheric surface layer. Turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum are inferred through coupled sets of equations derived from the Monin–Obukhov similarity hypothesis. One-dimensional sensitivity functions have been produced that relate the sensitivity of heat fluxes to uncertainties in single values of beam height over flat terrain. However, real field sites include variable topography. We develop here, using functional derivatives, the first analysis of the sensitivity of scintillometer-derived sensible heat fluxes to uncertainties in spatially distributed topographic measurements. Sensitivity is shown to be concentrated in areas near the center of the beam path and where the underlying topography is closest to the beam height. Relative uncertainty contributions to the sensible heat flux from uncertainties in topography can reach 20% of the heat flux in some cases. Uncertainty may be greatly reduced by focusing accurate topographic measurements in these specific areas. A new two-dimensional variable terrain sensitivity function is developed for quantitative error analysis. This function is compared with the previous one-dimensional sensitivity function for the same measurement strategy over flat terrain. Additionally, a new method of solution to the set of coupled equations is produced that eliminates computational error.
Improving HelioClim-3 estimates of surface solar using the McClear clear-sky model and recent advances on atmosphere composition
Authors: Qu Z. , Gschwind B. , Lefevre M. , Wald L.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The HelioClim-3 database (HC3v3) provides records of surface solar irradiation every 15 min estimated by processing images from the geostationary meteorological Meteosat satellites using climatological data sets of atmospheric Linke turbidity factor. This technical note proposes a method to improve a posteriori HC3v3 by combining it with data records of the irradiation under clear sky from the new clear-sky model McClear whose inputs are the advanced global aerosol properties forecasts and physically consistent total column content in water vapour and ozone produced by the MACC projects. The method is validated by comparison with a series of ground measurements for 15 min and 1 h for 6 stations and for daily irradiation for 23 stations. The correlation coefficient is large, greater than respectively 0.92, 0.94, and 0.97, for 15 min, 1 h and daily irradiation. The bias ranges between −4 and 4% of the mean observed irradiation for most sites. The relative root mean square difference (RMSD) varies between 14 and 38% for 15 min, 12 and 33% for 1 h irradiation, and 6 and 20% for daily irradiation. As a rule of thumb, the farther from the nadir of the Meteosat satellite located at latitude 0° and longitude 0°, and the greater the occurrence of fragmented cloud cover, the greater the relative RMSD. The method improves HC3v3 in most cases and no degradation in the others. A systematic correction of HC3v3 with McClear is recommended.
Tropospheric ozone and ozone profiles retrieved from GOME-2 and their validation
Authors: Miles G. M. , Siddans R. , Kerridge B. J. , Latter B. G. , Richards N. A. D.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. This paper describes and assesses the performance of the RAL (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory) ozone profile retrieval scheme for the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2) with a~focus on tropospheric ozone. Developments to the scheme since its application to GOME-1 measurements are outlined. These include the approaches developed to account sufficiently for UV radiometric degradation in the Hartley band and for inadequacies in knowledge of instrumental parameters in the Huggins bands to achieve the high precision spectral fit required to extract information on tropospheric ozone. The assessment includes a validation against ozonesondes (sondes) sampled worldwide over two years (2007–2008). Standard deviations of the ensemble with respect to the sondes are considerably lower for the retrieved profiles than for the a priori, with the exception of the lowest sub-column. Once retrieval vertical smoothing (averaging kernels) has been applied to the sonde profiles there is a retrieval bias of 6% (1.5 DU) in the lower troposphere, with smaller biases in the sub-columns above. The bias in the troposphere varies with latitude. The retrieval underestimates lower tropospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) (15–20% or ~ 1–3 DU) and overestimates it in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) (10% or 2 DU). The ability of the retrieval to represent the geographical distribution of lower tropospheric ozone, globally (rather than just ozonesonde launch sites) is demonstrated through agreement with the chemistry transport model TOMCAT. For a monthly mean of cloud-cleared GOME-2 pixels, a correlation of 0.66 is found between the retrieval and TOMCAT sampled accordingly, with a bias of 0.7 Dobson Units. GOME-2 estimates higher concentrations in NH pollution centres but lower ozone in the Southern Ocean and South Pacific, which is consistent with the comparison to ozonesondes.
Resource utilization and trophic position of nematodes and harpacticoid copepods in and adjacent to Zostera noltii beds
Authors: Vafeiadou A.-M. , Materatski P. , Adão H. , De Troch M. , Moens T.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. This study examines the resource use and trophic position of nematodes and harpacticoid copepods at the genus/species level in an estuarine food web in Zostera noltii beds and in adjacent bare sediments using the natural abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Microphytobenthos and/or epiphytes are among the main resources of most taxa, but seagrass detritus and sediment particulate organic matter contribute as well to meiobenthos nutrition, which are also available in deeper sediment layers and in unvegetated patches close to seagrass beds. A predominant dependence on chemoautotrophic bacteria was demonstrated for the nematode genus Terschellingia and the copepod family Cletodidae. A predatory feeding mode is illustrated for Paracomesoma and other Comesomatidae, which were previously considered first-level consumers (deposit feeders) according to their buccal morphology. The considerable variation found in both resource use and trophic level among nematode genera from the same feeding type, and even among congeneric nematode species, shows that the interpretation of nematode feeding ecology based purely on mouth morphology should be avoided.
Evolution of the large-scale atmospheric circulation in response to changing ice sheets over the last glacial cycle
Authors: Löfverström M. , Caballero R. , Nilsson J. , Kleman J.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. We present modelling results of the atmospheric circulation at the cold periods of marine isotope stage 5b (MIS 5b), MIS 4 and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as well as the interglacial. The palaeosimulations are forced by ice-sheet reconstructions consistent with geological evidence and by appropriate insolation and greenhouse gas concentrations. The results suggest that the large-scale atmospheric winter circulation remained largely similar to the interglacial for a significant part of the glacial cycle. The proposed explanation is that the ice sheets were located in areas where their interaction with the mean flow is limited. However, the LGM Laurentide Ice Sheet induces a much larger planetary wave that leads to a zonalisation of the Atlantic jet. In summer, the ice-sheet topography dynamically induces warm temperatures in Alaska and central Asia that inhibits the expansion of the ice sheets into these regions. The warm temperatures may also serve as an explanation for westward propagation of the Eurasian Ice Sheet from MIS 4 to the LGM.
Atmospheric transport and chemistry of trace gases in LMDz5B: evaluation and implications for inverse modelling
Authors: Locatelli R. , Bousquet P. , Hourdin F. , Saunois M. , Cozic A. , Couvreux F. , Grandpeix J.-Y. , Lefebvre M.-P. , Rio C. , Bergamaschi P. , Chambers S. D. , Karstens U. , Kazan V. , van der Laan S. , Meijer H. A. J. , Moncrieff J. , Ramonet M. , Scheeren H. A. , Schlosser C. , Schmidt M. , Vermeulen A. , Williams A. G.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Representation of atmospheric transport is a major source of error in the estimation of greenhouse gas sources and sinks by inverse modelling. Here we assess the impact on trace gas mole fractions of the new physical parameterisations recently implemented in the Atmospheric Global Climate Model LMDz to improve vertical diffusion, mesoscale mixing by thermal plumes in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), and deep convection in the troposphere. At the same time, the horizontal and vertical resolution of the model used in the inverse system has been increased. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of these developments on the representation of trace gas transport and chemistry, and to anticipate the implications for inversions of greenhouse gas emissions using such an updated model. Comparison of a one-dimensional version of LMDz with large eddy simulations shows that the thermal scheme simulates shallow convective tracer transport in the PBL over land very efficiently, and much better than previous versions of the model. This result is confirmed in three dimensional simulations, by a much improved reproduction of the Radon-222 diurnal cycle. However, the enhanced dynamics of tracer concentrations induces a stronger sensitivity of the new LMDz configuration to external meteorological forcings. At larger scales, the inter-hemispheric exchange is slightly slower when using the new version of the model, bringing them closer to observations. The increase in the vertical resolution (from 19 to 39 layers) significantly improves the representation of stratosphere/troposphere exchange. Furthermore, changes in atmospheric thermodynamic variables, such as temperature, due to changes in the PBL mixing, significantly modify chemical reaction rates and the equilibrium value of reactive trace gases. One implication of LMDz model developments for future inversions of greenhouse gas emissions is the ability of the updated system to assimilate a larger amount of high-frequency data sampled at high-variability stations. Others implications are discussed at the end of the paper.
Probability assessment on the recurring Meishan earthquake in central Taiwan with a new non-stationary analysis
Authors: Wang J. P. , Yun X.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. From theory to experience, earthquake probability should be increasing with time as far as the same fault is concerned, rather than being a stationary process or independent of the date of the last occurrence. With a new non-stationary model, we evaluated the earthquake probability associated with the Meishan fault in central Taiwan, a growing concern to the local community given a relatively short return period reported (i.e., around 160 years). The analysis shows that on the condition that the earthquake has not recurred by the end of year 2014, the earthquake probability in the next 50 years could be around 0.3 (mean value), with a 95% confidence interval from 0.26 to 0.36.
Relative tectonic activity classification in Kermanshah area, west Iran
Authors: Arian M. , Aram Z.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The High Zagros region because of closing to subduction zone and the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates is imposed under the most tectonic variations. In this research, Gharasu river basin that it has located in Kermanshah area was selected as the study area and 6 geomorphic indices were calculated and the results of each ones were divided in 3 classes. Then, using the indices, relative tectonic activity was calculated and the values were classified and analyzed in 4 groups. Regions were identified as very high, high, moderate and low. In analyzing the results and combining them with field observation and regional geology the results are often associated and justified with field evidences. The highest value is located on Dokeral anticline in crush zone in Zagros Most of the areas with high and moderate values of lat are located on crush zone in Zagros too. Crushing of this zone is because of main faults mechanism of Zagros region. The result of this paper confirms previous researches in this region. At the end of the eastern part of the study area, the value of Iat is high that could be the result of Sarab and Koh-e Sefid faults mechanism.
The Entrepreneurial University Wave
Authors: Etzkowitz Henry
Published: July 2014

An entrepreneurial university with multiple missions for teaching, research and economic and social development is superseding the research university as the academic paradigm. Traditional academic roles are revised to include entrepreneurial elements, both to attract external resources and to see that knowledge is put to use. As a remit for regional cluster development takes hold globally across the tertiary academic sector, academic knowledge is interrogated for its potential to become the source of new jobs in arts festivals as well as start-ups. The rise of the entrepreneurial university is a key driver of transition from an industrial to a knowledge-based society, irrespective of previous development level or academic tradition. Controversy over entrepreneurial academic activities augurs this transition.
Estado de la seguridad alimentaria nutricional a partir de la medición del nivel de adecuación energética y diversidad de la dieta en seis municipios de Nicaragua en los años 2012 y 2013
Authors: Solórzano José Luis , Solís Vera Amanda
Published: July 2014

El artículo aborda parte de los resultados del estudio de línea de base (2012 y 2013) sobre el estado de seguridad alimentaria en 41 comunidades rurales y periurbanas de seis municipios de Nicaragua. La medición se realizó a partir de la metodología propuesta por la FAO (2007 y 2011) con el propósito de determinar el nivel de suficiencia energética y la diversidad de la dieta alimenticia. Los resultados contribuyeron a medir el impacto de un proyecto ejecutado en las zonas referidas durante dos años. Se pudo constatar la situación positiva del nivel de seguridad alimentaria nutricional y, al mismo tiempo, la necesidad de mejorar la variedad de dieta alimenticia. La información obtenida podría servir como insumo a la definición de políticas locales en la materia.
A LEGITIMAÇÃO DAS REDES SOCIAIS COMO FONTE PARA O JORNALISMO SOB A PERSPECTIVA DOS CÓDIGOS PADRÕES DE NARRAÇÃO
Authors: CASADEI Eliza Bachega
Published: July 2014

A partir do estudo dos noticiários, é possível perceber um aumento sensível e progressivo no número de reportagens que utilizam as redes sociais como fonte para a composição das notícias nos últimos anos. O presente artigo busca discutir justamente esse processo de legitimação das redes sociais como fontes autorizadas a partir da perspectiva dos códigos padrões de narração historicamente marcados que os jornalistas utilizam para contar as suas estórias, em um entrecruzamento entre as ideias de Michel de Certeau, Paul Ricoeur e Roland Barthes. Estudaremos a noção de que esse aumento se deve a um reposicionamento dos valores jornalísticos em voga (que colocam essas fontes dentro das fronteiras do aceitável) e tem consequências visíveis na escrita e na estruturação do relato jornalístico enquanto técnica enunciativa.
NARRATIVA TRANSMÍDIA E INTERFACES INTERATIVAS COMO SUPORTES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: RENÓ Denis , RENÓ Luciana
Published: July 2014

O desenvolvimento de linguagens contemporâneas, entre elas a narrativa transmídia, tem provocado mudanças em diversos processos cognitivos da comunicação, dentre eles a educação. Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica e uma análise de um objeto real que sustentam a proposta de apresentação de conteúdos educacionais a partir de interfaces táteis e infográficos interativos como ferramentas para a educação. Espera-se, com este estudo, oferecer subsídios para novas investigações sobre o tema.
A INTEGRAÇÃO DE REDES SOCIAIS E A PESQUISA EM EDUCAÇÃO, COMUNICAÇÃO E TECNOLOGIA: ESTUDO DE CASO DO BLOG WEB CURRÍCULO
Authors: CAMAS Nuria Pons Vilardell , RIBEIRO Renata Aquino
Published: July 2014

Este artigo traz a investigação da interseção entre educação, comunicação e tecnologia em uma pesquisa que observou o processo de construção, edição e moderação do blog Web Currículo, criado em 2008. O espaço virtual foi criado com o objetivo de dar apoio a eventos presenciais sobre educação e tecnologia e teve ampliado o seu papel constituindo um local para agregar eventos online e discussões em redes sociais que foram integradas ao blog.
CULTURA DIGITAL E ESCOLA: PESQUISA E FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Neves de COUTO MELO Charlotte
Published: July 2014

A escola de ontem não é a mesma escola de hoje, e esta não será igual a de amanhã. A inserção das tecnologias na sociedade é reflexo disso e demanda, a cada dia, mudanças de paradigmas nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. E aí surge a grande questão: Que tipo de mudança é essa e como é possível promover tais mudanças, levando em consideração as novas necessidades da educação? Monica Fantin e Pier Cesare Rivoltella, organizadores do livro “Cultura Digital e Escola: Pesquisa e Formação de Professores” apresentam nessa obra algumas perspectivas sobre a inserção de tecnologias educacionais, especialmente as mídias, tanto na formação de crianças, jovens e adultos, como na formação dos profissionais da educação.
O desenvolvimento sustentável aplicado ao planejamento rural: o caso de uma região rural no Canadá
Authors: Jean Bruno
Published: July 2014

Vários territórios rurais se fragilizaram a partir de sua inserção na economia agroalimentar moderna,como foi o caso de numerosas regiões periféricas no Canadá, a exemplo da parte sul da região Chaudière-Appalaches no Quebec, objeto do presente artigo. Seu objetivo foi o de relatar uma experiênciaali desenvolvida de planejamento rural baseado sobre a abordagem de diagnóstico territorial. A abordagemque foi aplicada, tanto de dignóstico como de estratégia de desenvolvimento rural, deriva de umatentativa de aplicação da teoria do desenvolvimento sustentável, tornando-a então uma metodologiaoperacional de desenvolvimento rural sustentável. A questão é de saber a constituição de uma novadinâmica de desenvolvimento, apoiada por políticas públicas e por estratégias de ação que respeitemas limitações econômicas atuais , mas, ao mesmo tempo, valorizem as potencialidades agroecológicasdesses territórios e integrem as expectativas e vontades das populações envolvidas. Ou seja, trata-se daquestão da aceitabilidade social das práticas agrícolas diante de limitações ou oportunidades econômicas.Uma tal harmonização entre uma economia, um meio-ambiente e uma sociedade constitui uma condiçãonecessária para o surgimento de condições para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável. Foi o que se tentoudemonstrar com esse estudo de caso que permitiu propor generalizações importantes.