bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolved spectral phase interferometry with an isolated attosecond pulse
Authors: Mashiko Hiroki , Chen Ming-Chang , Asaga Koji , Oshima Akihiro , Katayama Ikufumi , Takeda Jun , Nishikawa Tadashi , Oguri Katsuya
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate spatially resolved supercontinuum spectral phase interferometry with an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP). The measured spatial-spectral interferogram over the broadband region indicates a high degree of IAP coherence in both spatial and spectral domains. In addition, the spectral-delay interferogram shows periodic temporal oscillations over the full IAP continuous spectrum, which indicates high temporal coherence. The supercontinuum spectral phase interferometry with broadband IAP will contribute to exploring spatiotemporal dispersive electronic dynamics through phase-based spectroscopy in the future.
High performance lasing in a single ZnO microwire using Rh nanocubes
Authors: Miao Changzong , Xu Haiying , Jiang Mingming , Liu Yang , Wan Peng , Kan Caixia
Published: June 2020

High-purity and size-controlled Rh nanocubes (RhNCs) with plasmonic responses in the ultraviolet spectrum range were synthesized; the ultraviolet plasmonic features of RhNCs have potential applications in wide bandgap semiconductors and optoelectronic devices because of their optical tunability and stability, as well as the compatibility with neighboring semiconductor micro/nanostructures. In this work, by incorporating RhNCs, the near-band-edge emission of a single ZnO microwire is considerably enhanced. When optically pumped by a fs pulsed laser at room temperature, RhNCs-plasmon enhanced high-performance whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing characteristics, including lower lasing threshold, higher Q-factor, and lasing output enhancement, can be achieved from a single ZnO microwire covered by RhNCs. To further probe the modulation effect of RhNCs plasmons on the lasing characteristics of the ZnO microwires, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and electromagnetic simulation analyses were also performed. Based on our results, it can be concluded that size-controlled RhNCs with ultraviolet energy-tunable plasmons have the potential for use in optoelectronic devices requiring stable and high-performance in the short wavelength spectrum band owing to their unique ultraviolet plasmonic features.
Geometrical-lightguide-based head-mounted lightfield displays using polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal films
Authors: Xu Miaomiao , Hua Hong
Published: June 2020

Integrating the promising waveguide or lightguide optical combiners to head-mounted lightfield display (LF-HMD) systems offers a great opportunity to achieve both a compact optical see-through capability required for augmented or mixed reality applications and true 3D scene with correct focus cues required for mitigating the well-known vergence-accommodation conflict. Due to the non-sequential ray propagation nature of these flat combiners and the ray construction nature of a lightfield display engine, however, adapting these two technologies to each other confronts several significant challenges. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of combining an integral-imaging-based lightfield display engine with a geometrical lightguide based on microstructure mirror arrays. The image artifacts and the key challenges in a lightguide-based LF-HMD system are systematically analyzed and are further quantified via a non-sequential ray tracing simulation. We further propose to utilize polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal (PDLC) films to address the inherent problems associated with a lightguide combiner such as increasing the viewing density and improving the image coupling uniformity. We finally demonstrate, to our best knowledge, the first lightguide-based LF-HMD system that takes the advantages of both the compact form factor of a lightguide combiner and the true 3D virtual image rendering capability of a lightfield display.
Use of Co2+:MgAl2O4transparent ceramics in passive Q-switching of an Er:Glass laser at 1.534 µm
Authors: Shirakov A. , Burshtein Z. , Goldstein A. , Frumker E. , Ishaaya A. A.
Published: June 2020

We present the implementation of Co2+:MgAl2O4transparent ceramics as passive Q-switching elements in an Er:Glass laser at 1.534 µm. Linearly polarized pulsed output was obtained by Brewster angle inclination of the material Q-switching plate relative to the laser axis. Separate pulses were ∼105 ns long (FWHM), exhibiting ∼6.2 kW peak power at near TEM00quality. Several fundamental sample properties important for laser intracavity operation were measured; thermo-optic coefficientdn/dT = ( − 3.8 ± 1) × 10−5 °C−1, thermal lensing factorL−1d(nL)/dT = 2.59 × 10−5 °C−1, linear expansion coefficientα = (3.9 ± 0.6) × 10−5 °C−1, polarizability thermal coefficientϕ = (7.2 ± 2.2) × 10−5 °C−1, and damage threshold ∼6.5 J/cm2.
High optical damage threshold on-chip lithium tantalate microdisk resonator
Authors: Yan Xiongshuo , Liu Yi’an , Ge Licheng , Zhu Bing , Wu Jiangwei , Chen Yuping , Chen Xianfeng
Published: June 2020

Lithium tantalate (LT) is one of the most attractive optical nonlinear materials, as it possesses a high optical damage threshold and great UV transparency (0.28–5.5 µm). Recently, optical grade LT nanoscale film was developed. Here a high-quality-factor (

∼

10
5

) LT microdisk resonator based on LT-on-insulator (LTOI) film is fabricated by utilizing focused ion beam (FIB) milling. 2 µW output second-harmonic waves are achieved in the LTOI microdisk at about 500 mW input power. Cascaded third-harmonic generation is also observed in the fabricated device. This work may pave the way for LTOI in integrated photonic chips.
Experimental demonstration of structural robustness of spatially partially coherent fields in turbulence
Authors: Bhattacharjee Abhinandan , Jha Anand K.
Published: June 2020

Structured fields that are spatially completely coherent have been extensively studied in the context of long-distance optical communication, as the structure in the intensity profile of such fields is used for encoding information. This method of doing optical communication works very well in the absence of turbulence. However, in the presence of turbulence, the intensity structures of such fields start to degrade because of the complete spatial coherence of the field, and this structural degradation increases with the increase in turbulence strength. On the other hand, several theoretical studies have now shown that the structured fields that are spatially only partially coherent are less affected by turbulence. However, to the best of our knowledge, no such experimental demonstration has been reported until now. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate the structural robustness of partially coherent fields in the presence of turbulence, and we show that for a given turbulence strength, the structural robustness of a partially coherent field increases as the spatial coherence length of the field is decreased.
All fiber compact bending sensor with high sensitivity based on a multimode fiber embedded chirped long-period grating
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Geng Tao , Niu Huiwen , Li Xiang , Yan Yunxiang , Sun Cuiting , Deng Sifan , Wang Zemin , Wang Shengjia , Yang Wenlei , Sun Weimin , Yuan Libo
Published: June 2020

We investigated and prepared a chirped long-period grating for high sensitivity bending measurement. The novel fiber structure is composed of the multimode fiber (MMF) with fixed length and gradually longer single-mode fiber using the continuous splicing method. The powerful ability of refractive index modulation in the MMF renders the miniaturization of the sensor. The total length of the sensor is 3.45 mm. Chirped period arrangement is adopted to improve the bending sensitivity. Through numerical calculation, the chirp coefficient is determined, and the clear resonance peaks are obtained using the wavelength scanning. The experimental results of several samples show that the maximum bending sensitivity is

53.68

n
m

/

m

−
1

at

0
−
1.803

m

−
1

. With the advantages of small size and high sensitivity, the sensor is especially suitable for bending sensing with a micro-structure.
CO2 laser-based side-polishing of silica optical fibers
Authors: Fan Siyu , Healy Noel
Published: June 2020

In this Letter, an optical fiber side-polishing process is proposed that is non-contact, versatile, and scalable. A

C
O

2

laser, with carefully selected pulse parameters, is used to remove cladding material from the side of an optical fiber in a controlled manner. The resulting side-polished optical fiber has adiabatic polishing transitions and a flat uniform polished region. The technique provides a pristine polishing surface with an RMS surface roughness of less than 2 nm. Furthermore, in contrast to traditional side-polishing methods, the wear of hard tooling, the associated surface flaws, and issues with residual abrasive particulates are all negated. It is anticipated that this technique will provide a robust platform for the next generation of optical fiber devices that are based on in-fiber light–matter interaction with exotic materials, such as low-dimensional semi-conductors and topological insulators.
Experimental demonstration of single-mode topological valley-Hall lasing at telecommunication wavelength controlled by the degree of asymmetry
Authors: Noh Wanwoo , Nasari Hadiseh , Kim Hwi-Min , Le-Van Quynh , Jia Zhetao , Huang Chi-Hsin , Kanté Boubacar
Published: June 2020

Topology plays a fundamental role in contemporary physics and enables new information processing schemes and wave device physics with built-in robustness. However, the creation of photonic topological phases usually requires complex geometries that limit the prospect for miniaturization and integration and dispossess designers of additional degrees of freedom needed to control topological modes on-chip. By controlling the degree of asymmetry (DoA) in a photonic crystal with broken inversion symmetry, we report single-mode lasing of valley-Hall ring cavities at telecommunication wavelength. The DoA governs four photon confinement regimes at the interface of topologically distinct valley-Hall domains and evidences an interplay between the width of the topological bandgap and the quality factor of ring-like modes for single-mode operation. Our results open the door to novel optoelectronic devices and systems based on compact topological integrated circuits.
Exploiting a monolithic passively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser to mimic a single neuron cell under periodic stimulation
Authors: Chen Y. F. , Lee C. C. , Hsiao J. Q. , Huang H. Y. , Tsou C. H. , Liang H. C. , Huang K. F.
Published: June 2020

A monolithic passively

Q

-switched Nd:YAG laser under periodic pulse pumping is originally exploited to emulate the response of a single neuron cell stimulated by periodic pulse inputs. Experimental results reveal that the output characteristics of the monolithic passively

Q

-switched laser can analogously manifest not only the firing patterns but also the frequency-locked plateaus of the single neuron cell. Moreover, the sine circle map is innovatively used to generate the output pulse sequences that can exactly correspond to experimental firing patterns. The present exploration indicates that a monolithic passively

Q

-switched solid-state laser is highly feasible to be developed as a compact artificial neuron cell.
Structural color switching with a doped indium-gallium-zinc-oxide semiconductor
Authors: Kim Inki , Yun Juyoung , Badloe Trevon , Park Hyuk , Seo Taewon , Yang Younghwan , Kim Juhoon , Chung Yoonyoung , Rho Junsuk
Published: June 2020

Structural coloration techniques have improved display science due to their high durability in terms of resistance to bleaching and abrasion, and low energy consumption. Here, we propose and demonstrate an all-solid-state, large-area, lithography-free color filter that can switch structural color based on a doped semiconductor. Particularly, an indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin film is used as a passive index-changing layer. The refractive index of the IGZO layer is tuned by controlling the charge carrier concentration; a hydrogen plasma treatment is used to control the conductivity of the IGZO layer. In this paper, we verify the color modulation using finite difference time domain simulations and experiments. The IGZO-based color filter technology proposed in this study will pave the way for charge-controlled tunable color filters displaying a wide gamut of colors on demand.
Psiquiatria Social e Cultural: diálogos e convergência
Authors: Quartilho Manuel João
Published: June 2020

Este livro exprime uma vontade de diálogo e de serviço à comunidade a partir do contributo interdisciplinar do corpo docente do Mestrado em Psiquiatria Social e Cultural da FMUC. Os diferentes textos guardam uma relação com a psiquiatria, a partir de espaços teóricos intrínsecos ou extrínsecos à disciplina, demonstrando que não existe saúde sem saúde mental, e que não existe saúde mental sem os contextos sociais e culturais que a determinam. A partir de uma área do conhecimento tão híbrida como a psiquiatria social e cultural, são abordados temas variados, com contributos não apenas da psiquiatria, mas também da psicologia, sociologia, sexologia, antropologia e teologia. Estes temas relacionam-se direta ou indiretamente com a saúde individual e coletiva, valorizando as dimensões psicológicas, sociais e culturais do mal-estar e do sofrimento.
Rede urbana interiorizada: novas conformações do território no Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Bezerra Josué Alencar
Published: June 2020

A problemática deste estudo aponta para um objeto concreto, cuja referência é a configuração de uma rede urbana internalizada no Nordeste brasileiro. Para este entendimento, estudamos a formação da rede de cidades da região, considerando a urbanização do território, até as últimas décadas. Utilizamos a contribuição teórica nas leituras bibliográficas de trabalhos que tratam do tema. Analisamos as transformações no território acompanhadas pela reestruturação da economia, o crescimento do número e tamanho das cidades e o aumento representativo dos papéis urbanos na divisão territorial do trabalho. Identificamos no Nordeste do Brasil uma rede urbana internalizada, organizada e dinâmica, com a difusão de novas centralidades urbanas distante dos grandes centros da região.
Bargas, E. y García Ríos, D. (2020). Cartografías didácticas. Una propuesta de recursos para pensar las ciencias sociales en las aulas de primaria
Authors: Céparo Martin
Published: June 2020

.
Prólogo
Authors: Coudannes Mariela
Published: June 2020

.
Falla en la eficacia de dos formulaciones de ivermectina contra Psoroptes ovis (Hering, 1838) en ovinos
Authors: LARROZA Marcela , SOLER Paula , ROBLES Carlos , CABRERA Raúl , CANTON Candela , LANUSSE Carlos , LIFSTCHITZ Adrian Luis
Published: June 2020

El presente trabajo evaluó la relación entre la eficacia y la farmacocinética de dos formulaciones comerciales inyectables de ivermectina (IVM) en ovinos merino adultos artificialmente infestados con Psoroptes ovis. Los animales fueron tratados por vía subcutánea con IVM 1 % en dos dosis con un intervalo de aplicación de 7 días, (0.2 mg/kg) o con una única dosis de IVM 3.15%, (1.05 mg/kg). Se realizaron conteos semanales de ácaros vivos mediante raspajes de piel entre el día 0 y 28 post-tratamiento para determinar la eficacia de los tratamientos, y se tomaron muestras de sangre para medir las concentraciones de IVM en plasma. Se observó una disminución significativa en los conteos de ácaros a partir del día 14 post-tratamiento, sin embargo, se encontraron ácaros vivos en todos los muestreos para ambos grupos. En el Grupo IVM 1%, la máxima eficacia se observó el día 28 post tratamiento (93.3%), mientras que en el Grupo IVM 3,15% este registro se obtuvo el día 21 (95.9%). Mayores concentraciones de IVM fueron observadas en los animales tratados con la formulación 3.15 %. La falla para obtener una cura parasitológica tras el tratamiento con ambas formulaciones de IVM puede ser indicativo de la presencia de ácaros resistentes a este principio activo.
Problem-oriented Project Work and Problem-based Learning
Authors: Servant-Miklos Virginie
Published: June 2020

This paper addresses one of the major confusions in the study and practice of problem-based learning today, namely the use of the term “problem-based learning” to refer to both the small-group tutorial method pioneered by McMaster University and Maastricht University in medical education, and the problem-oriented project-work method developed in Denmark at the universities of Roskilde and Aalborg, which has gained prominence in recent years in the field of engineering education. This paper offers a comparison of the models using a thematic analysis of key elements of PBL, namely the nature of problems, the role of teachers, the nature of the educational process, and the underlying principles of the method, to conclude on a discussion of the causes of the confusion taking place today, and its potential ramifications for the study and practice of PBL in the future.
Building Engineering Awareness: Problem Based Learning Approach for STEM Integration
Authors: Rehmat Abeera P. , Hartley Kendall
Published: June 2020

Educators in the twenty-first century need to think of innovative ways to engage and prepare students for current and future challenges while cultivating an interest among students in STEM disciplines. This study sought to investigate the impact of problem-based learning on students’ content knowledge and critical thinking towards STEM. This study employed a quasi-experimental repeated measure design. Instruments such as STEM content assessments and a standardized critical thinking test were employed for data collection. Analysis was conducted using a mixed repeated measure between-within subject analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a significant difference (p <. 05) between problem-based learning and traditional learning groups in regard to their content knowledge and critical thinking skills.
Lesões na mucosa bucal resultantes da somatização do estresse
Authors: Consolaro Alberto
Published: June 2020

Algumas lesões na mucosa bucal podem ser resultado da somatização do estresse psicossomático. Essas lesões devem ser reconhecidas, diagnosticadas, tratadas e os pacientes orientados sobre sua evolução e o prognóstico ao longo da vida, independentemente da especialidade que o clínico exerce, pois esses pacientes requerem todo tipo de abordagem odontológica. Depois de classificadas em três grupos distintos de lesões, apresenta-se os seus aspectos clínicos e conceituais na forma de atlas, para auxiliar no diagnóstico clínico diferencial e conduta por parte do profissional.
Finalização em Ortodontia: arte ou ciência? Como você mede a qualidade das suas finalizações?
Authors: Almeida Marcio
Published: June 2020

Num dos editoriais anteriores, escrevi sobre “A Ortodontia, o tempo de tratamento e o super-ortodontista”. Pois é, pontuei que finalizar bem em Ortodontia pode não ser tão simples assim, porquanto vários fatores fazem-se presentes quando a finalização com excelência é o alvo principal. A maioria de nós, ortodontistas, acredita que está entre os melhores na arte de executar a Ortodontia: não somente provemos o alinhamento dentário, mas também elevamos a qualidade de vida dos nossos pacientes e esculpimos os tecidos moles na melhor direção, para atingir a melhor estética para cada face. Mas será que somos bons naquilo que fazemos, a Ortodontia? Uma pergunta importante, que nos leva a refletir sobre o tema: como você mede ou quantifica a qualidade dos seus resultados ortodônticos?
Retratamento ortodôntico em caso clínico com avulsões dentárias e extrações assimétricas
Authors: Zanco Furquim Laurindo
Published: June 2020

Paciente, durante a dentadura mista, teve trauma e avulsão completa dos dois incisivos centrais superiores, com imediata reimplantação nos alvéolos e procedimentos condizentes com o protocolo (conservação dos dentes em ambiente apropriado, tempo do procedimento, colocação no alvéolo, contenção sem trauma de contato e proservação)1 . Os incisivos reimplantados estavam com os ápices dentários abertos — fato que contribuiu para a revascularização desses.
Expansão rápida da maxila assistida com mini-implantes (MARPE) em adultos. Parte I – aspectos gerais
Authors: Magno Dos Santos Alexandre , Maia Esper Ana Beatriz , Damasceno Rocha Andréa , Carvalho Lima Carolina De Cássia , Batista Maria Eni , Simões Holz Isabella
Published: June 2020

Há um consenso na literatura quanto à importância da intervenção ortodôntica nos casos de atresia maxilar, uma vez que essa condição não se autocorrige. A terapêutica utilizada conta com aparelhos expansores para aumentar as dimensões transversais da arcada superior e, como consequência, seu perímetro. Contudo, a maturidade óssea com o avanço da idade representa uma limitação para o sucesso da expansão rápida da maxila sem a intervenção cirúrgica. O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever, por meio de um caso clínico, o protocolo de expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) em adultos, utilizando mini-implantes como ancoragem no aparelho disjuntor MARPE (miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander), associado à realização de perfurações na região da sutura palatina mediana, em uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 26 anos de idade, apresentando mordida cruzada posterior bilateral e palato atrésico.
Retratamento ortodôntico de paciente adulto com má oclusão de Classe II associado à ancoragem esquelética com miniplacas
Authors: Dos Santos Sousa Raniere Luiz , Silva Ertty , Meloti Fernanda , De Almeida Cardoso Mauricio
Published: June 2020

É consenso na literatura que a presença de pacientes adultos nos consultórios ortodônticos representa uma considerável demanda. Muitos desses já passaram pela experiência de um tratamento ortodôntico na adolescência ou juventude e necessitam de uma abordagem transdisciplinar devido às intercorrências nos dentes ou tecidos de suporte, muito comuns durante a vida, ou simplesmente porque o tratamento anterior não atingiu as metas terapêuticas desejadas. Nesse cenário, a Classe II também se apresenta como uma das más oclusões mais prevalentes e o seu tratamento já possui alguns protocolos validados na literatura. O objetivo desse artigo foi apresentar um caso clínico de retratamento ortodôntico em que o paciente apresentava uma relação canino e molar de Classe II no lado esquerdo, desvio de linha média superior e inferior para a esquerda, recessões gengivais generalizadas e lesões de abfração. O diagnóstico complementar foi realizado com o auxílio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico e o tratamento ortodôntico, com ancoragem esquelética em quatro miniplacas. Foram realizadas restaurações estéticas logo após a remoção do aparelho e o paciente foi encaminhado para cirurgia periodontal de recobrimento radicular. Conclui-se, por meio desse artigo, que: a relação entre a Ortodontia e a Periodontia deve ir além do controle da placa bacteriana, correção de apinhamentos e movimentos dentários induzidos; que a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico é uma excelente ferramenta auxiliar no diagnóstico; e que as miniplacas permitem movimentações ortodônticas com maior intensidade e maior alcance de forças em quase toda a extensão da maxila e da mandíbula.
O "novo" normal e a Ortodontia
Authors: Almeida Marcio
Published: June 2020

Num mundo cada vez mais globalizado, fomos surpreendidos por essa triste e impetuosa pandemia que nos afronta de maneira inexorável e inimaginável. Compartilhamos uma luta em comum, contra um inimigo em comum. O que ouvimos dos mais idosos, ou mais experientes, é que eles jamais esperavam um dia viver esse cenário que estão vivenciando. Uma “nova/velha” expressão tem sido cunhada: o “novo normal”, que vem sendo exaustivamente utilizada, nos últimos quatro meses, quando se percebeu que o coronavírus havia impactado de forma indefectível a sociedade global.
Ah, é "apenas" um relato de caso!
Authors: R. Vaid Nikhilesh
Published: June 2020

Os clínicos adoram ler relatos de caso, pois esses trazem histórias com as quais eles se conectam. Falando em histórias, lembro-me de um famoso diretor/roteirista de Bollywood que disse: “As pessoas não reagem à tristeza ou alegria da outra pessoa na tela, elas choram ou riem porque conectam aquela cena a um evento real de suas vidas!” As histórias trazem nostalgia ou inspiração — emoções extremamente importantes no curso da vida! E é isso que um relato de caso faz: apresenta potenciais cenários clínicos ou fornece soluções inovadoras que os clínicos de vanguarda podem aplicar em seus consultórios. São extremamente relevantes para a prática cotidiana e, por isso, são interessantes e informativos. Historicamente, eles sempre alertaram, de forma perspicaz, clínicos e pacientes sobre práticas inseguras, como no caso do uso da talidomida no início de gestação, nos anos 60; e sobre casos de novas doenças, como a AIDS, nos anos 80.
Como confeccionar batente de desoclusão anterior sem bandas ortodônticas
Authors: Duarte CALDAS Luciana , NIGRI Anna Paula , Franzotti SANT’ANNA Eduardo
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O levantamento temporário da sobremordida na região anterior, com dispositivos acessórios, para otimizar o tempo de tratamento auxilia sobremaneira a terapia ortodôntica. Contudo, muitas vezes, é necessária a instalação de bandas ortodônticas para posterior moldagem de transferência e confecção do batente ou a colagem direta de “bite-turbos” pré-fabricados na face palatina dos incisivos superiores, o que sobrecarrega toda a carga mastigatória em apenas dois ou quatro incisivos. OBJETIVO: Pensando nisso, o presente artigo teve por intuito mostrar a confecção e versatilidade de se ter as vantagens das duas técnicas em um único dispositivo, permitindo distribuir a força mastigatória por mais unidades dentárias; porém, utilizando um batente que não necessite previamente da seleção de bandas ortodônticas para sua confecção.
Transposição dentária de um incisivo lateral inferior: correção e reposicionamento radicular
Authors: Zanco Furquim Laurindo
Published: June 2020

A transposição dentária na mandíbula tem uma prevalência de 0,03%1 . No presente relato de caso, a paciente se encontrava no segundo período transitório da dentadura mista, com uma transposição distal quase completa do incisivo lateral inferior do lado direito (#41), girado e posicionado por lingual. Consequentemente, o canino inferior do lado direito (#43) estava mesializado e por vestibular. Nas Figuras 1 a 13, pode-se ver a suave Classe II, divisão 2, com sobremordida profunda.
Resistência de união de braquetes metálicos à cerâmica com diferentes concentrações de ácido fluorídrico
Authors: Piovesan DESSIMONI Marcelo , Terossi de GODOi Ana Paula , CORRER SOBRINHO Lourenço , VALDRIGHI Heloisa , VEREZIAN Giovana Cherubini , VEDOVELLO FILHO Mario
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: o presente estudo in vitro objetivou avaliar a resistência de união ao cisalhamento (RUC) de braquetes colados sobre cerâmica feldspática, com diferentes concentrações de ácido fluorídrico (AF), na presença ou não de adesivo, e, posteriormente, o Índice de Adesivo Remanescente (ARI). Métodos: foram confeccionados 20 cilindros cerâmicos, sendo 2 cilindros por grupo, com diferentes tratamentos superficiais: G1/G6) AF1%; G2/G7) AF2,5%; G3/G8) AF5%; G4/G9) AF7,5%; G5/G10) AF10%. Após a aplicação do AF, nos grupos G1/G2/G3/G4/G5 utilizou-se silano e adesivo, enquanto nos grupos G6/G7/G8/G9/G10 utilizou-se silano. Dez braquetes foram colados por cilindro (n=20, cada grupo) com Transbond XT e todas as amostras foram submetidas à ciclagem térmica. A RUC foi testada em uma máquina universal de ensaios e, posteriormente, o ARI foi avaliado em um microscópio óptico. Os dados foram sub- metidos à ANOVA e ao teste de Tukey (p = 0,05). Resultados: para o fator AF, as concentrações de 10% (6,0 ± 0,9), 7,5% (5,7 ± 0,5) e 5% (5,6 ± 0,7) promoveram RUC estatisticamente igual e maior, respectivamente, do que as de 2,5% (4,2 ± 1,1) e 1% (3,7 ± 0,6). Verificou-se que a presença do adesivo (6,1 ± 0,9) promoveu maior RUC do que a sua ausência (4,1 ± 1,1). No ARI, houve predominância do escore 0. Conclusão: as concentrações mais altas de AF e a presença do adesivo aumentam a RUC de braquetes metálicos à superfície cerâmica, e verificou-se uma predominância de superfície cerâmica sem adesivo remanescente.
Fechamento de espaços edêntulos na região posterior da arcada inferior
Authors: de OLIVEIRA Wislei , ARNAUSTSKA Hristina Ivanova
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A presença de pacientes jovens e adultos na clínica ortodôntica apresentando áreas edêntulas na região posterior da arcada dentária inferior não é uma situação incomum. As alternativas de tratamento envolvem a recuperação do espaço e posterior reabilitação protética, ou o seu fechamento, que poderá ser obtido mediante a movimentação recíproca dos segmentos anterior e posterior ou somente com a mesialização dos molares inferiores. Essa última alternativa requer o reforço de ancoragem e uma mecânica mais complexa. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo apresenta, por meio de dois casos clínicos, considerações biomecânicas sobre o sistema de forças utilizado na mesialização dos molares inferiores, para fechamento de espaços na arcada inferior, auxiliada por mini-implantes. RESULTADOS: Os espaços foram totalmente fechados, com bom paralelismo e mínima reabsorção radicular. CONCLUSÃO: O fechamento de espaços edêntulos na região posterior da mandíbula é uma alternativa viável, mas requer o emprego de uma biomecânica mais complexa e um maior tempo de tratamento.
Nueva Centralidad en Interfase Urbano Rural
Authors: Lovon Caso David Jesus , Larota Sanz Ana de los Angeles
Published: June 2020

El proceso de crecimiento urbano en algunas ciudades latinoamericanas, en los últimos tiempos, se da de manera acelerada generando áreas periféricas con baja densidad, problemas de relación entre áreas rurales y urbanas, así como segregaciones sociales, físico-espaciales y conflictos de uso de suelo. Es por eso, que a través de un proceso de identificación mediante análisis cartográfico se identifica áreas con potencial para el desarrollo de nuevas centralidades, resultando de este modelo de intervención la zona periurbana de Umapalca (Arequipa, Perú), un modelo de interfase urbano-rural. Esta investigación sostiene que con la creación de Nuevas Centralidades se podrá mejorar la calidad de vida urbana de la población y a mitigar estos problemas al crear equipamientos urbanos que ayuden a dinamizar las áreas urbano-rurales.
Solutions to Address Osmosis and the Blistering of Liquid Applied Waterproofing Membranes
Authors: Henderson Elyse A. , Finch Graham , Hubbs Brian
Published: June 2020

The transport of water through waterproofing membranes over concrete substrates resulting in water-filled blisters and leaks has been demonstrated by the authors to be caused by osmosis. Although this issue has now been studied for more than a decade, there is currently no industry standard to test for the risk of osmosis in waterproofing membranes. The authors have developed a protocol to measure the osmotic flow and evaluate the risk of osmotic blistering in waterproofing membranes including a standardized osmotic flow rate test, ASTM E96, Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials, inverted wet cup vapor permeance testing, and modified ASTM long-term absorption testing. This testing protocol has measured osmotic flow rates and ASTM E96 inverted wet cup vapor permeance for a range of different waterproofing membrane types. The authors propose that this set of testing protocols or another proxy test be adopted by ASTM to determine the risk for osmosis, including thresholds above which a membrane may be deemed “high risk.” To reduce the potential for osmotic blistering over concrete, it is recommended that waterproofing membranes used in inverted roofing assemblies should have an osmotic flow rate near 0.0 g/m2/day when tested using the proposed protocol, an ASTM E96 inverted wet cup vapor permeance less than that of the substrate (i.e., less than 0.1 US perms on a concrete slab), and minimal long-term water absorption uptake. In addition to these thresholds, the long-term aging effects of the membrane should be determined.
Approach to Incorporating Water Entry and Water Loads to Wall Assemblies When Completing Hygrothermal Modelling
Authors: Moore Travis V. , Lacasse Michael A.
Published: June 2020

The long-term performance in respect to moisture management of wood-frame wall assemblies depends on the hygrothermal response of the wall to local climate loads. Critical factors in estimating the longevity of wood-frame structures include limiting the temperature range, wood moisture content, and time of exposure to conditions suitable for the onset, growth, and propagation of mold and rot to occur. Increasingly, hygrothermal simulation tools are being used to estimate the risk of formation of condensation and the presence of moisture from inadvertent water entry to a wall that, in turn, may bring about the formation of mold or wood rot to wood-frame assemblies. More recently, standards have evolved to permit systematically undertaking performance evaluations of wood-frame walls, such as ASHRAE S160, Criteria for Moisture-Control Design Analysis in Buildings, and ASTM E3054, Standard Guide for the Characterization and Use of Hygrothermal Models for Moisture Control Design in Building Envelopes. Defined within these methods are approaches to include water entry loads to the wall assembly. In this paper, a review of different methods to incorporate water entry and water loads to wood-frame wall assemblies is given and an approach is provided that is consistent with assessing the long-term performance of wall assemblies following ISO 13823, General Principles on the Design of Structures for Durability. Examples are used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach and compare the outcomes when using existing standards.
Temporal Dynamics of GABA and Glx in the Visual Cortex
Authors: Rideaux Reuben
Published: June 2020

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be usedin vivoto quantify neurometabolite concentration and provide evidence for the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems (e.g., inhibitory and excitatory) in sensory and cognitive processes. The relatively low signal-to-noise ratio of MRS measurements has shaped the types of questions that it has been used to address. In particular, temporal resolution is often sacrificed in MRS studies to achieve a signal sufficient to produce a reliable estimate of neurometabolite concentration. Here we apply novel analyses with large datasets from human participants (both sexes) to reveal the dynamics of GABA+and Glx in visual cortex while participants are at rest (with eyes closed) and compare this with changes in posterior cingulate cortex from a previously collected dataset (under different conditions). We find that the dynamic concentration of GABA+and Glx in visual cortex drifts in opposite directions; that is, GABA+decreases while Glx increases over time. Further, we find that in visual, but not posterior cingulate cortex, the concentration of GABA+predicts that of Glx 120 s later, such that a change in GABA+is correlated with a subsequent opposite change in Glx. Together, these results expose novel temporal trends and interdependencies of primary neurotransmitters in visual cortex. More broadly, we demonstrate the feasibility of using MRS to investigatein vivodynamic changes of neurometabolites.
Semilunar Granule Cells Are the Primary Source of the Perisomatic Excitatory Innervation onto Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Rovira-Esteban Laura , Hájos Norbert , Nagy Gergő Attila , Crespo Carlos , Nacher Juan , Varea Emilio , Blasco-Ibáñez José Miguel
Published: June 2020

We analyzed the origin and relevance of the perisomatic excitatory inputs on the parvalbumin interneurons of the granule cell layer in mouse. Confocal analysis of the glutamatergic innervation showed that it represents ∼50% of the perisomatic synapses that parvalbumin cells receive. This excitatory input may originate from granule cell collaterals, the mossy cells, or even supramammillary nucleus. First, we assessed the input from the mossy cells on parvalbumin interneurons. Axon terminals of mossy cells were visualized by their calretinin content. Using multicolor confocal microscopy, we observed that less than 10% of perisomatic excitatory innervation of parvalbumin cells could originate from mossy cells. Correlative light and electron microscopy revealed that innervation from mossy cells, although present, was indeed infrequent, except for those parvalbumin cells whose somata were located in the inner molecular layer. Second, we investigated the potential input from supramammillary nucleus on parvalbumin cell somata using anterograde tracing or immunocytochemistry against vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and found only occasional contacts. Third, we intracellularly filled dentate granule cells in acute slice preparations using whole-cell recording and examined whether their axon collaterals target parvalbumin interneurons. We found that typical granule cells do not innervate the perisomatic region of these GABAergic cells. In sharp contrast, semilunar granule cells (SGCs), a scarce granule cell subtype often contacted the parvalbumin cell soma and proximal dendrites. Our data, therefore, show that perisomatic excitatory drive of parvalbumin interneurons in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus is abundant and originates primarily from SGCs.
Postoperative parathyroid hormone levels as a predictor for persistent hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Lončar Ivona , Dulfer Roderick R , Massolt Elske T , Timman Reinier , de Rijke Yolanda B , Franssen Gaston J H , Burger Pim J W A , Smit Casper , van der Horst Frans A L , Peeters Robin P , van Eijck Casper H J , van Ginhoven Tessa M
Published: June 2020

Objective

Hypoparathyroidism is a common complication after thyroidectomy. It is not yet possible to predict in which patients hypoparathyroidism will persist. We aim to determine whether a decrease in PTH levels, measured at the first postoperative day, can identify patients with a high risk for persistent hypoparathyroidism one year after thyroidectomy.

Design

Prospective multi-center cohort study.

Methods

Patients undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy were included. We measured PTH levels preoperatively and on the first postoperative day. Primary outcome is the proportion of patients with persistent hypoparathyroidism, defined as the need for calcium supplementation one year after surgery.

Results

We included 110 patients of which 81 were used for analysis of the primary outcome. At discharge 72.8% of patients were treated with calcium supplementation. Persistent hypoparathyroidism was present in 14 patients (17.3%) at one-year follow-up, all of them had a decrease in PTH >70% at the first postoperative day. These 14 were 43.8% of the 32 patients who had such a decrease. In the group of 49 patients (59.8%) without a PTH >70% decrease, none had persistent hypoparathyroidism one year after surgery (P-value <0.001). A decrease of >70% in PTH levels had a sensitivity of 100.0% (95% CI: 85.8–100.0%), a specificity of 73.1% (95% CI: 62.5–83.7%) and an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79–0.94) to predict the risk for persistent hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusion

In our study a decrease in PTH levels of >70% after total or completion thyroidectomy is a reliable predictor for persistent hypoparathyroidism, and this should be confirmed in larger cohorts.
Maternal prolactin is associated with glucose status and PCOS in pregnancy: Odense Child Cohort
Authors: Overgaard Martin , Glintborg Dorte , Christesen Henrik Thybo , Jensen Tina Kold , Andersen Marianne Skovsager
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Low circulating prolactin is a potential marker of metabolic risk during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate associations between prolactin and glucose status in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design:

Prospective observational cohort study. From the Odense Child Cohort, 1497 pregnant women were included.

Methods:

Blood samples were assessed during first, second (prolactin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)) and third trimester (fasting prolactin, testosterone, HbA1c, insulin, glucose). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed around gestation week 28 in 350 women with risk factors for GDM and in 272 randomly included women. GDM was defined by 2-h plasma glucose ≥9.0 mmol/L.

Results:

The median (IQR) prolactin increased from 633 (451–829) mIU/L in first–second trimester to 5223 (4151–6127) mIU/L at third trimester. Prolactin was inversely associated with HbA1c in first (r = −0.19, P < 0.001) and third trimester (r = −0.07, P = 0.014). In third trimester, women with GDM (n = 37; 6.0%) had lower prolactin compared to women without GDM (4269 vs 5072 mIU/L, P = 0.004). Third trimester prolactin multiple of the median (MoM) was inversely associated with risk of GDM in multivariate regression analysis (OR 0.30, P = 0.034). PCOS was diagnosed in 10.0% (n = 146). Early pregnancy prolactin MoM was positively associated to PCOS diagnosis (OR 1.38, P = 0.051).

Conclusions:

Low prolactin levels during pregnancy were associated with higher HbA1c and risk of GDM. A diagnosis of PCOS was associated with higher early pregnancy prolactin levels.
Standardised patient education in adrenal insufficiency: a prospective multi-centre evaluation
Authors: Burger-Stritt Stephanie , Eff Annemarie , Quinkler Marcus , Kienitz Tina , Stamm Bettina , Willenberg Holger S , Meyer Gesine , Klein Johannes , Reisch Nicole , Droste Michael , Hahner Stefanie
Published: June 2020

Objective

Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) suffer from impaired quality of life and are at risk of adrenal crisis (AC) despite established replacement therapy. Patient education is regarded an important measure for prevention of AC and improvement of AI management. A standardized education programme was elaborated for patients with chronic AI in Germany.

Design

Longitudinal, prospective, questionnaire-based, multi-centre study.

Methods

During 2-h sessions, patients (n = 526) were provided with basic knowledge on AI, equipped with emergency cards and sets and trained in self-injection of hydrocortisone. To evaluate the education programme, patients from eight certified centres completed questionnaires before, immediately after and 6–9 months after training.

Results

399 completed data sets were available for analysis. Questionnaire score-values were significantly higher after patient education, indicating successful knowledge transfer (baseline: 17 ± 7.1 of a maximum score of 29; after training: 23 ± 4.2; P < 0.001), and remained stable over 6–9 months. Female sex, younger age and primary cause of AI were associated with higher baseline scores; after education, age, cause of AI and previous adrenal crisis had a significant main effect on scores. 91% of patients would dare performing self-injection after training, compared to 68% at baseline. An improvement of subjective well-being through participation in the education programme was indicated by 95% of the patients 6–9 months after participation.

Conclusion

Patient group education in chronic AI represents a helpful tool for the guidance of patients, their self-assurance and their knowledge on prevention of adrenal crises. Repeated training and adaptation to specific needs, for example, of older patients is needed.
Glucocorticoids impair HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux besides increased HDL cholesterol concentration: a proof of concept
Authors: Bouillet Benjamin , Gautier Thomas , Denimal Damien , Samson Maxime , Masson David , Pais de Barros Jean Paul , Maquart Guillaume , Xolin Marion , Grosfeld Alexandra , Dalle Héloïse , Vergès Bruno , Moldes Marthe , Fève Bruno
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Glucocorticoids (GC) are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity despite increased HDL-C concentration. HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux, a major anti-atherogenic property of HDL particles, is negatively associated with CVD risk. We aimed to determine whether HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was influenced by GC.

Design:

Prospective, observational study.

Methods:

Lipid parameters, HDL composition, HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, phospholipid transfer protein and lecithin cholesterol acyl-transferase (LCAT) activities were determined in ten patients with giant cell arteritis before and 3 months after GC introduction and in seven control subjects. HDL concentration and composition, HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and LCAT activity were determined in GC-treated mice.

Results:

In patients, HDL-C concentration was higher after than before treatment GC-treatment (P = 0.002), while HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was decreased (P = 0.008) and negatively associated with the proportion of cholesteryl ester in HDL (P = 0.04), independently of CRP. As well, in mice, HDL-C level was increased after GC exposure (P = 0.04) and HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux decreased (P = 0.04). GC-treated patients had higher cholesteryl ester content in HDL, higher HDL2-to-HDL3 ratio and higher LCAT activity than before treatment (P = 0.008, P = 0.02 and P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions:

We report, for the first time, that in patients with giant cell arteritis and mice treated with GC, HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux was impaired by GC besides an increased HDL-C level. This impaired HDL functionality, possibly related to HDL enrichment in cholesteryl ester, could contribute to the increased CVD risk observed in GC-treated patients. Further studies are needed in larger populations, to further decipher the effect of GC on HDL.
Preparation of two-dimensional atomic crystal nanofilm of bismuth selenide of a large area
Authors: Esjan Magauiya , Bekturgan B. , Kamysbayev Duisek , Serikbaev Bazarbay , Kokanbaev Azimbek
Published: June 2020

A synthesis of bismuth selenide with a thickness of 3-4 nm on the surface of mica taken as a matrix was investigated using the gas-solid mechanism. Since discovery of two-dimensional atomic crystals of graphene in 2004, scientists have grown interested in exploring methods for synthesis of two-dimensional atomic crystal nanofilms. Among them, of particular interest are sulfides and transition metal selenides, such as molybdenum sulfide, tungsten selenide, bismuth selenide. Bismuth selenide possesses special thermoelectric, photoelectric properties, therefore there are wide possibilities for its use in such areas as thermoelectric devices, photosensitive elements, optical information keepers, etc. In this connection, there are many studies on the search for optimal methods for the synthesis of bismuth selenide. Each of the proposed methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the article, a variety of the recently used gas-liquid-solid mechanism (V-L-S) is used as a method for the synthesis of bismuth selenide. When using amorphous silicon dioxide as a matrix, the synthesized bismuth selenide is not uniform, and the synthesis process is uncontrollable. Therefore, in the work fluorinated gold mica was used as a matrix. The effect of temperature, gas feed rate on the size, shape and thickness of the film was investigated.
Obtaining of luminescent material based on NaBaY(BO3)2 doped with terbium and europium ions
Authors: Orazov Zhandos , Bolatov Asset , Kononova Nadezhda , Shevchenko Vyacheslav , Kokh Konstantin , Uralbekov Bolat , Kuznetsov Artem , Kokh Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

A new luminescent material based on complex borate NaBaY(BO3)2 doped with Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions was obtained by high-temperature solid-state synthesis. Using X-ray diffraction analysis it was shown that NaBaY(BO3)2:0.07Tb3+:0.1Eu3+ crystallizes in trigonal system with the space group R-3m and isotypic with the mineral buetschliit K2Ca(CO3)2. The crystal structure of the phosphor is layered, formed from [BO3] triangles, [YO6] octahedra, [BaO9] and [NaO9] polyhedra. The calculated unit cell parameters for NaBaY(BO3)2:0.07Tb3+:0.1Eu3+ are: a=5.3510(6) Å, c=17.9338(3) Å, V=444.71(2) Å3. The luminescent properties of NaBaY(BO3)2:0.07Tb3+:0.1Eu3+ were studied.