bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Potentials of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites: Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Advances
Authors: Hannan Md. Abdul , Dash Raju , Haque Md. Nazmul , Mohibbullah Md. , Sohag Abdullah Al Mamun , Rahman Md. Ataur , Uddin Md Jamal , Alam Mahboob , Moon Il Soo
Published: May 2020

Beyond their significant contribution to the dietary and industrial supplies, marine algae are considered to be a potential source of some unique metabolites with diverse health benefits. The pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol homeostasis, protein clearance and anti-amyloidogenic potentials of algal metabolites endorse their protective efficacy against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired proteostasis which are known to be implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders and the associated complications after cerebral ischemia and brain injuries. As was evident in various preclinical studies, algal compounds conferred neuroprotection against a wide range of neurotoxic stressors, such as oxygen/glucose deprivation, hydrogen peroxide, glutamate, amyloid β, or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and, therefore, hold therapeutic promise for brain disorders. While a significant number of algal compounds with promising neuroprotective capacity have been identified over the last decades, a few of them have had access to clinical trials. However, the recent approval of an algal oligosaccharide, sodium oligomannate, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease enlightened the future of marine algae-based drug discovery. In this review, we briefly outline the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries for identifying the targets of pharmacological intervention, and then review the literature on the neuroprotective potentials of algal compounds along with the underlying pharmacological mechanism, and present an appraisal on the recent therapeutic advances. We also propose a rational strategy to facilitate algal metabolites-based drug development.
Impingement-Free Hip Flexion in Asymptomatic Young Adult Women
Authors: Mahan M. Chad , Yu Charles C. , Shields Rachel , van Holsbeeck Marnix , Zaltz Ira
Published: May 2020

Background:

Ultrasound-assisted measurement of hip flexion has demonstrated that hip flexion has been historically overestimated in men. To our knowledge, assessment of hip flexion in women using similar methods has not been reported. Establishing normative values for hip flexion is vital to aid diagnosis, management, and future research. Therefore, we asked 2 questions: (1) At what range of midsagittal hip flexion do soft-tissue impingement and femoroacetabular abutment occur in asymptomatic young adult women? (2) Do radiographic findings on a supine anteroposterior pelvic radiograph correlate with ultrasound-assisted measurements of hip flexion?

Methods:

Fifty-five asymptomatic adult women volunteers (107 hips) underwent ultrasound-assisted assessment of hip flexion. Hip flexion was recorded at the initiation of labral contact and at bone-on-bone contact. Recorded motion was correlated with common radiographic measurements of hip morphology as observed on a supine anteroposterior pelvic radiograph.

Results:

The mean age of the subjects was 26 ± 3 years (range, 21 to 35 years), and the mean body mass index was 23 ± 3 kg/m2 (range, 17 to 31.6 kg/m2). Mean impingement-free and maximum midsagittal passive flexion were 72° ± 8° (95% confidence interval [CI], 70° to 74°) and 101° ± 11° (95% CI, 99° to 103°), respectively. There were no significant correlations between radiographic measurements of hip morphology and ultrasound-measured hip range of motion.

Conclusions:

Observed hip flexion in the asymptomatic hips of young women is substantially less than has been historically reported. Morphologic features that are measurable on anteroposterior pelvic radiographs do not correlate with ultrasound-measured hip flexion. Diagnosis of hip disorders and treatments that are designed to alter hip range of motion should be based on normative data. Future studies regarding surgical restoration and/or preservation of hip flexion should be based on an understanding of normal hip range of motion.

Clinical Relevance:

Ultrasound-assisted hip flexion measurement established normative values to guide surgical restoration and/or preservation of hip flexion.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rajan Prashant V. , Ng Mitchell K. , Klika Alison , Kamath Atul F. , Muschler George F. , Higuera Carlos A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Use of platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) injections for treating knee osteoarthritis has increased over the past decade. We used cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate the value of PRP in delaying the need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:

We developed a Markov model to analyze the baseline case: a 55-year-old patient with Kellgren-Lawrence grade-II or III knee osteoarthritis undergoing a series of 3 PRP injections with a 1-year delay to TKA versus a TKA from the outset. Both health-care payer and societal perspectives were included. Transition probabilities were derived from systematic review of 72 studies, quality-of-life (QOL) values from the Tufts University Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, and individual costs from Medicare reimbursement schedules. Primary outcome measures were total costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), organized into incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and evaluated against willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000. One and 2-way sensitivity analyses were performed as well as a probabilistic analysis varying PRP-injection cost, TKA delay intervals, and TKA outcomes over 10,000 different simulations.

Results:

From a health-care payer perspective, PRP resulted in 14.55 QALYs compared with 14.63 for TKA from the outset, with total health-care costs of $26,619 and $26,235, respectively. TKA from the outset produced a higher number of QALYs at a lower cost, so it dominated. From a societal perspective, PRP cost $49,090 versus $49,424 for TKA from the outset. The ICER for TKA from the outset was $4,175 per QALY, below the $50,000 willingness-to-pay threshold. Assuming the $728 published cost of a PRP injection, no delay time that was <10 years produced a cost-effective course. When the QOL value was increased from the published value of 0.788 to >0.89, PRP therapy was cost-effective with even a 1-year delay to TKA.

Conclusions:

When considering direct and unpaid indirect costs, PRP injections are not cost-effective. The primary factor preventing PRP from being cost-effective is not the price per injection but rather a lack of established clinical efficacy in relieving pain and improving function and in delaying TKA. PRP may have value for higher-risk patients with high perioperative complication rates, higher TKA revision rates, or poorer postoperative outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
HUBUNGAN KEPEMIMPINAN KETUA KELOMPOK DENGAN KEEFEKTIFAN KELOMPOK TANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU
Authors: Rangga Kordiana K , Listiana Indah
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
                Farmer groups are a forum for farmers to make it easier for farmers to carry out their farming, if the farmer group runs effectively in accordance with the goals of the group. Effective farmer groups cannot be separated from the role of group leaders. The head of the farmer group has an important role in supporting the group to achieve its group goals. Based on the background described, then the purpose of this research are to know: the effectiveness of paddy farmer group; the leadership level of farmer group; and the relationship between leadership of farmer group leader with the effectiveness of farmer group in Sukoharjo Sub District of Pringsewu Regency. This research was conducted in Sukoharjo Sub District Pringsewu Regency, with 73 respondents of paddy farmer.  Data was collected by using survey method with descriptive analysis and using statistical non parametric test rank spearman correlation to test hypothesis.  The results showed that paddy farmer group in Sukoharjo Sub District had a high level of effectiveness, had a medium level of leadership of farmer group leader; and leadership of farmer group had significant relationship with farmer group effectiveness. 
 

Keyword:  effectiveness, farmer group, leadership.

 

ABSTRACT

Kelompok tani merupakan wadah bagi petani agar memudahkan petani dalam menajalankan usahataninya, jika kelompok tani berjalan secara efektif sesuai dengan tujuan kelompoknya. Kelompok tani yang efektif tidak terlepas dari peran ketua kelompok. Ketua kelompok tani memiliki peran yang penting dalam mendukung kelompok mencapai tujuan kelompoknya. Berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah diuraikan, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui: keefektifan kelompok tani padi sawah; tingkat kepemimpinan ketua kelompok tani; dan hubungan antara tingkat kepemimpinan ketua kelompok tani dengan keefektifan kelompok tani padi sawah di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Pringsewu.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Pringsewu, dengan 73 petani responden. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survey, dengan anilisis deskriptif dan menggunakan uji statistik korelasi rank spearman non parametrik untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok tani padi sawah memiliki tingkat keefektifan yang tinggi, memiliki tingkat kepemimpinan ketua kelompok yang sedang, dan kepemimpinan ketua kelompok tani memiliki hubungan yang nyata dengan keefektifan kelompok tani.

 
Performance Comparison of Novel Chemical Agents for Mitigating Water-Blocking Problem in Tight Gas Sandstones
Authors: Huang Hai , Babadagli Tayfun , Chen Xin , Li Huazhou , Zhang Yanming
Published: May 2020

Water blocking can be a serious problem, causing a low gas production rate after hydraulic fracturing, a result of the strong capillarity in the tight sandstone reservoir aggravating the spontaneous imbibition. Fortunately, chemicals added to the fracturing fluids can alter the surface properties and thus prevent or reduce the water-blocking issue. We designed a spontaneous imbibition experiment to explore the possibility of using novel chemicals to both mitigate the spontaneous imbibition of water into the tight gas cores and measure the surface tensions (STs) between the air and chemical solutions. A diverse group of chemical species has been experimentally examined in this study, including two anionic surfactants (O242 and O342), a cationic surfactant (C12TAB), an alkaline solution of sodium metaborate (NaBO2), an ionic liquid (BMMIM BF4), two nanofluids with aluminum oxide and silicon oxide (Al2O3 and SiO2, respectively), and a series of deep eutectic solvents (DES3-7, 9, 11, and 14). Experimental results indicate that the anionic surfactants (O242 and O342) contribute to low STs but cannot ease the water-blocking issue because they yield a more water-wet surface. The high pH solution (NaBO2), ionic liquid (BMMIM BF-4), and sodium chloride brine (NaCl) significantly decrease the volume of water imbibed to the tight sandstone core through wettability alteration, and C12TAB leads to both ST reduction and an air-wet rock surface, helping to prevent water blocking. The different types of DESs and nanofluids exhibit distinctly different effects on expelling gas from the tight sandstone cores through water imbibition. This preliminary research will be useful in both selecting and using proper chemicals in fracturing fluids to mitigate water-blocking problems in tight gas sandstones.
Predictive Modeling of Relative Permeability using a Generalized Equation-of-State
Authors: Purswani Prakash , Johns Russell T. , Karpyn Zuleima T. , Blunt Martin J.
Published: May 2020

Reliable simulation of enhanced oil recovery processes depends on an accurate description of fluid transport in the subsurface. Current empirical transport models of rock-fluid interactions are fit to limited experimental data for specific rock types, fluids, and boundary conditions. In this paper, a general equation-of-state (EoS) approach is developed for relative permeability (kr) based on a set of geometric state parameters: normalized Euler characteristic (connectivity) and saturation. Literature data and pore-network modeling (PNM) simulations are used to examine the functional form of the EoS.

Our results show that the new kr-EoS matches experimental data better than the conventional Corey form, especially for highly nonlinear relative permeabilities at low saturations. Using hundreds of PNM simulations, relative permeability scanning curves show a locus of residual saturation and connectivity which defines an important limit for the physical kr region. The change of this locus is also considered for two contact angles. PNM data further allows for the estimation of the relative permeability partial derivatives which are used as inputs in the EoS. Linear functions of these partials in the connectivity-saturation space renders a quadratic response of kr, which shows excellent predictions. Unlike current empirical models that are based on only one residual saturation, the state function approach allows for dynamic residual conditions critical for capturing hysteresis in relative permeability.
Analyzing Hydrodynamic Energy Consumption to Predict Carrying Capacity Index
Authors: Al-Sudani Jalal A.
Published: May 2020

Implementing efficient fluid-carrying capacity of drilled cuttings is an essential process for a good drilling program, either for a better rate of penetration (ROP) or a safer drilling operation.

In this paper, I present a methodology that is based on the transfer function representation, which can be used to analyze the consumed fluid energy used in lifting the drilled cuttings in vertical wells to estimate the maximum carrying capacity index (CCI), which leads to performance at the desired ROP.

The consumed hydrodynamic energy equation has been formulated using a second-order differential equation as a function of the drilling fluid, cuttings properties, and drilling operating parameters. Therefore, it allows an accurate quantitative monitoring of the fluid's CCI, which is the best alternative method to the currently empirical model. Moreover, it determines the perfect hydrodynamic energy required for any designed ROP to prevent excessive or poor hole-cleaning performance.
A Molecular Dynamics Study of Primary Production from Shale Organic Pores
Authors: Perez Felipe , Devegowda Deepak
Published: May 2020

We created a model of mature kerogen saturated with a black oil. Our fluid model spans light, intermediate, and long alkane chains; and aromatics, asphaltenes, and resins. The maximum pore diameter of our kerogen model is 2.5 nm. The insertion of a microfracture in the system allows us to study fluid transport from kerogen to the microfracture, which is the rate-limiting step in hydrocarbon production from shales. Our results indicate that the composition of the produced fluids changes with time, transitioning from a dry/wet gas to a gas condensate, becoming heavier with time. However, at any given time, the produced fluid is significantly lighter than the in-situ fluid. The species with the greatest mobility is methane, which is expected because it is the lightest molecule in the fluid and its ability to migrate is greater than that of all other fluid molecules. A sensitivity analysis shows that the produced fluid composition strongly depends on the initial composition of the fluids in organic pores.
Empirical Random Kick Model and Casing Reliability
Authors: Beck Andre T. , Cecílio Diogo L. , Gomes Wellison J. S. , Tessari Rodolfo , Jacinto Carlos M. C.
Published: May 2020

The development of exploratory wells is based on the interpretation of seismic readings by geotechnical field experts. Correlation wells, when they exist, are located very far, leading to large uncertainties and to different interpretations by different experts. Exploratory wells are expensive and risky endeavors, in particular deep wells with high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Reaching reservoirs at record depths often requires challenging usual safety margins, which should be based on reliability analyses. In this paper, we present an empirical random kick model to combine the opinions of different specialists and the reliability analysis of casing subject to kick loads. The empirical kick model has a random kick volume and intensity, gas gravity, and influx depth. Three tubular strength models are considered: Barlow formula, von Mises stress, and Klever-Stewart model (Klever and Stewart 1998; Stewart and Klever 1998), with random yield stress and tube thickness. A typical 19,000 ft well is considered as a case study example, and the First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) is used as a probabilistic solver. Results show the differences between safety factors and reliability indices obtained for the three strength models. Sensitivity factors show that yield stress and model error are the most relevant random variable at shallow depths. Kick volume and influx depth are found to be the most relevant random variables of the kick model, especially at greater depths. The proposed empirical kick model is shown to have a significant impact on casing reliability, in comparison with a kick in which uncertain kick variables are assumed with uniform distribution.
Spheroid transplantable and functional retinal pigment epithelium derived from non-colony dissociated human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Guo Xiaoling , Zhu Deliang , Lian Ruiling , Zeng Qiaolang , Mathew Sanjana , Tang Shibo , Chen Jiansu
Published: May 2020

Background: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) exhibit great promise in treating retinal degenerative diseases. Here, we would explore the feasibility of non-colony dissociated hiPSCs to differentiate into functional RPE cells (hiPSC-RPE), and offer an alternative transplantation method based on cell spheroids.Methods: hiPSC-RPE cells were identified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence assay, Western blotting, and flow cytometry assay. The functions of hiPSC-RPE cells in vitro and in vivo were assessed by fluorescein leakage test, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, atomic force microscopy observation, POS phagocytosis assay, frozen tissue sections, live/dead assay, SA-β-Gal staining, and immunocytochemistry.Results: hiPSC-RPE cells positively expressed biomarkers of RPE cells but not iPSCs, such as CRALBP (97.4%), EMMPRIN (93.8%), Oct4 (2.1%), and Sox2 (2.0%). hiPSC-RPE cells displayed RPE-like characteristics including barrier function, phagocytic activity, and polarized membrane. The cells derived from hiPSC-RPE spheroids positively expressed Nestin and exhibited reduced SA-β-Gal staining. hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids could form monolayer on decellularized corneal matrixes (DCM). After one month of subretinal transplantation, hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids could survive and maintain segmental sheet growth in sodium iodate (NaIO3) induced RPE-degenerated chinchilla rabbits. Conclusion: This study suggested that non-colony dissociated hiPSCs were effectively differentiated into functional RPE cells, and hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids maintained segmental sheet growth in the subretinal of RPE degenerate chinchilla rabbits in vivo, which may lay the foundation for cell spheroid transplantation as an alternative method for RPE degenerative disease therapy in the future.
Socioeconomic status and health literacy as the important predictors of general health in Iran: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Nadi Taiebeh , Poorolajal Jalal , Doosti-Irani Amin
Published: May 2020

The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Validity of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale and Prevalence of Food Insecurity in the Bahamas
Authors: Karpyn Allison , Headley M. Gail , Knowles Zeleka , Hepburn Erecia , Kennedy Nicole , Wolgast Henry Kurtis , Riser Danielle , Sarfo Akisha R.
Published: May 2020

Background: Despite United Nations’ recommendations to monitor food insecurity using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), to date there are no published reports of its validity for the Bahamas, nor have prevalence rates of moderate or severe food insecurity been reported for the nation. At the same time, food security is a deep concern, with increasing incidence of natural disasters and health concerns related to diet-related disease and dietary quality plaguing the nation.Objectives: This paper aims to examine 1) the validity of the FIES for use in the Bahamas, 2) moderate and severe food insecurity prevalence, and 3) the socio-demographic factors which contribute to increased food insecurity.Methods: The FIES was administered via randomized and weighted landline telephone survey in Nassau, Bahamas to 1,000 participants in June and July of 2017. The Rasch modelling procedure was applied to examine tool validity, and outcomes used to report prevalence. A regression analysis informed the relationship between household variables and food security.Results: The FIES met acceptable ranges for fit statistics for all eight items and the overall Rasch reliability is 0.7. The prevalence of moderate and severe food insecurity is 21%, and the prevalence of severe food insecurity is 10%. Statistically significant variables that contribute to food insecurity include education, age, gender, and presence of diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease.Conclusions: This study, which is among the first to comprehensively measure food security in The Bahamas, provides a baseline for further research and evaluation of practices aimed at mitigating food insecurity in SIDS. Further, this study provides a baseline for future research which may seek to understand the impacts of Hurricane Dorian. Post-disaster food security data is needed to further understand the extent to which food security is impacted by natural disasters and identify which sectors and stakeholders are most vital in restructuring the agricultural sector and improving food availability following such catastrophic events.
Effect of rs67085638 in long non-coding RNA (CCAT1) on colon cancer chemoresistance to paclitaxel through modulating the microRNA-24-3p and FSCN1 signaling
Authors: Zhang Caihong , Wang Yonglin
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIt has been reported that rs67085638 in lncRNA-CCAT1 was associated with the risk of tumorigenesis. Also, CCAT1 could affect chemoresistance of cancer cells to PTX via regulating miR-24-3p and FSCN1 expression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of rs67085638 on the expression of CCAT1/miR-24-3p/FSCN1 and the response of colon cancer to the treatment of PTX.Method48 colon cancer patients were recruited and grouped by their genotypes of rs67085638 polymorphism as a CC group (N=28) and a CT group (N=20). Colon cancer cells were collected from the patients and cancer cell xenografts were transplanted into mice. PCR analysis, IHC assay and Western blot were performed to observe the expression of lncRNA-CCAT1, miR-24-3p and FSCN1 in vivo and in vitro, and the relationships among the expression of lncRNA-CCAT1, miR-24-3p and FSCN1 were validated by computational analysis and luciferase assay. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were conducted to observe tumor cell apoptosis and survival.ResultLncRNA-CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA/protein were over-expressed while miR-24-3p was down-regulated in the CT-genotyped patients and cells compared with those in the CC-genotyped patients and cells. The survival of colon cancer cells was decreased while the apoptosis of colon cancer cells was increased by PTX treatment in a dose-dependent manner. However, the survival rate of CT-genotyped cells was higher while the apoptosis rate of CT-genotyped cells was lower than that of the CC-genotyped cells, and the difference was partly eliminated by the knockdown of lncRNA-CCAT1. MiR-24-3p was validated to target lncRNA-CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA, and the over-expression of CCAT1 could reduce the expression of miR-24-3p while elevating the expression of FSCN1. The growth of CT-genotyped tumors in mice was more suppressed in compared with the growth of CC-genotyped tumors, while the knockdown of lncRNA-CCAT1 partly reversed the effect of the CT genotype. Furthermore, compared with the rs67085638-CC mice, the lncRNA-CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA/protein levels in the rs67085638-CT+NC shRNA mice were increased while their miR-24-3p level was decreased, and the knockdown of lncRNA-CCAT1 partly reversed the dysregulation of these genes.ConclusionThe findings of this study demonstrated that the presence of the minor allele of rs67085638 increased the expression of CCAT1 and accordingly enhanced the resistance to PTX. Downregulation of CCAT1 partially, but significantly, re-stored the sensitivity to PTX of colon cancer cells.
COVID-19: Impact of early decision and type of lockdown over the spread of the virus
Authors: Humaid Jehan Al , Khan Soban Qadir , Farooqi Faraz Ahmed , Alhareky Muhanad , Alonaizan Faisal , Harbi Fahad Al
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Aim of the present study was to analyze the (1) partial vs complete lock down effects over the spread of COVID-19, (2) time taken for complete lock down decision in relation with the spread of disease. Method: COVID-19 data for the current observational study was taken up to 14th April since the outbreak of the virus. There were 28 countries which passed through the inclusion criteria and included for analysis.Results: Average number of reported cases during 1st, 2nd and 3rd week of lockdown (complete vs partial) were 6872.9 vs 8990, 13431 vs 20032 and 19005 vs 26859.5 respectively. However, differences were not statistically significant. Days taken to announce complete lockdown was found significantly correlated with number of cases reported during 1st and 2nd after lockdown announced. Similarly, number of reported cases when lockdown announced had direct and strong correlation with number of weekly reported cases after lockdown.Conclusion: Number of weekly reported cases among partially lockdown countries was found higher compare to complete lockdown countries. Furthermore, early decision of lockdown was extremely important as it had grave impact over the spread of disease.
Real-time monitoring of traffic parameters
Authors: Hazukov Kirill , Shepelev Vladimir , Carpeta Tatiana , Shabiev Salavat , Slobodin Ivan , Charbadze Irakli
Published: May 2020

This study deals with the problem of rea-time obtaining quality data on the road traffic parameters based on the surveillance camera data. The purpose of the paper is to develop a system to collect data on the traffic flow structure and to determine the traffic flow speed and direction in real-time. Our solution is based on the use of the YOLOv3 neural network architecture and open-source tracker SORT. To increase the accuracy of detection and classification, we used multi-scale prediction with an increased number of anchors. To determine the speed, we used a matrix of the perspective transformation of the source image to geographical coordinates. To train the neural network, we marked over 6,000 images and performed augmentation, which allowed us to increase the dataset to 60,000 images. Checking the system at night and in the day showed an absolute percentage accuracy of counting vehicles of no less than 92%. The error in determining the vehicle speed by the projection method, taking into account the camera calibration, did not exceed 2.74 m/s. The presented study allows us to generate big data for the intelligent transport systems decision-making system in real-time and to lower the requirements for peripheral equipment.
A prospective study of selective pleural blood patching for pneumothorax due to computed tomography-guided percutaneous lung biopsy
Authors: Uruga Hironori , Takaya Hisashi , Moriguchi Shuhei , Takahashi Yui , Ogawa Kazumasa , Murase Kyoko , Hanada Shigeo , Miyamoto Atsushi , Morokawa Nasa , Kishi Kazuma
Published: May 2020

Background: We conducted a prospective study to investigate the efficacy of pleural blood patching to reduce the need for chest tube placement in pneumothorax of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy. Methods: We enrolled each 77 patients in study and control groups. If the patient of study group developed pneumothorax ≥1 cm on post-biopsy CT, we drew 15 mL blood, then performed simple aspiration followed by pleural blood patching. In control group, we performed only simple aspiration or no interventions. Results: Of the 77 patients of study group, 41 developed pneumothorax, 9 of which were ≥ 1 cm, and 8 patients underwent pleural blood patching. None of these 8 patients (0%) required chest tube placement. In comparison between study group and control group, pleural blood patching reduced the chest tube insertion rate from 23.1% to 11.1% in patients pneumothorax ≥ 1 cm, but not statistically significant (p=0.26) Conclusion: Selective pleural blood patching reduced chest tube insertion rate in patients pneumothorax ≥ 1 cm, large-scale studies are warranted to confirm the result. Trial registration: This study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (trial number: 000007586).
Collaborative Online Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Luk Pauline , Tsang Joyce , Tsoi Hang-Sang , Chan Karina , Chen Julie
Published: May 2020

Background: Collaborative online learning is an active learning method that stimulates interaction between learners and teachers and fosters interest and motivation in learning in a virtual learning environment.Aim: The primary aim of this scoping review is to examine the extent and nature of academic publications on collaborative online learning in undergraduate medical education.Methods: We used a standardized framework for conducting scoping reviews to identify suitable publications and to analyze the content.Results: Thirty-six published articles from January 1990-March 2019 met the inclusion criteria. There were 16 interventional studies, 8 reviews, 7 commentaries and 5 survey studies. Most work originated in the UK or the US. These studies found that collaborative online learning demonstrated educational value by personalizing learning to fit individual needs, promoting social interaction and active learning, and helping to build professional networks Connectivity, ease of use, and accessibility were enablers of collaborative online learning while technical challenges were the main barrier.Conclusion: There is a relatively small but promising body of work currently published on collaborative online learning in undergraduate medical education. Further work and innovation in this area may be forthcoming in response to the need for alternatives to traditional learning in times of crisis.
High Glucose Diet Attenuates Dopaminergic Neuronal Function in C. elegans Leading to Acceleration of Aging Process
Authors: GUZMAN ARVIE CAMILLE DE , Kim Eun Ji , Cho Joong Hee , Kim Jin Ho , Choi Shin Sik
Published: May 2020

Background: Environmental or exogenous factors that cause Parkinson’s disease have not been sufficiently elucidated. Here, we investigate a causative effect of high glucose diet on Parkinson’s disease-relevant dopaminergic neuronal system in C. elegans . Methods: Aging parameters were first observed by measuring the lifespan, body movement, and body sizes with and without background of high glucose. Toxic effect of high glucose diet was further explored by observing the dopaminergic neurons using transgenic dat-1 ::GFP strains, BZ555 under Zeiss microscope. And extended the experiments by assessing dopamine-related behavioral analysis including basal slowing response and alcohol avoidance. Aggregation on the α -synucleins were also assessed by observing the NL5901 worms. Results: . Worms fed with 250 mM glucose showed daf-2 -independent regulation of aging displaying short lifespan (≤15 days), long body size (max. 140%) and slow movement (min. 30%, 10 bends/min). Anterior dopaminergic neurons were rapidly inactivated (70%) by glucose-rich diet from 12 h of exposure suggesting specific degeneration in ADE neurons. The dysregulation of neurons led to deteriorations in dopaminergic behaviors including basal slowing response (BSR). High glucose diet decreased dopamine synthesis (40 vs. 15 pg/mg protein) and induced α-synuclein aggregation in the muscles. Conclusion: Results demonstrate a potential of high glucose diet as a trigger of dopaminergic neuronal dysregulation conjugating aging acceleration.
Survey of the Patients' Satisfaction with Services provided in an Iranian Naval Hospital in 2019: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Farajzadeh Mohsen Abbasi , Karimi Leila , Mirjavadi Seyyed Ahmad , Azimi Amir Vahedian , Chaharshahi Saeed Gholami , Farjam Seyyedeh Nazila Jafari , Ghaleh Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin
Published: May 2020

Background
All hospital services are carried out to serve the patient, which is the main axis in the hospital. Patient satisfaction can be indicative of the right performance service delivery and is considered as a reliable source for evaluating the quality of health care. the present study was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction rate of discharged patients in a Navy hospital.
Methods
The descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 220 discharged patients who selected by convenience sampling in a Navy hospital during 2019. The data gathering tool was the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire designed by Amerioon in 2009 and its validity and reliability was confirmed in 2016. The questionnaire assessed patient satisfaction in two health-care sections with 21 questions and three dimensions of hygiene, nursing and physician services, and non-health care with 27 questions and six dimensions of acceptance, staff attitudes, nutrition, welfare, facilities, religious issues and refines evaluation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18.
Results
The patient satisfaction in the medical and non-medical wards was 88.1% and 86.57% respectively. Satisfaction in the medical and non-medical wards was excellent at all dimensions. There was a significant relationship between satisfaction with the cause of referral, and level of education (P < 0.05). Other demographic variables such as age, marital status, patient gender, frequency of hospitalization, type of ward, and type of insurance were not significantly correlated with satisfaction(P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Considering the high level of patients 'satisfaction in medical and non-medical services, patient satisfaction in medical services was slightly higher than that of non-medical services, this highlights the need for independent research in this area and the actions taken by hospital managers to improve satisfaction in these sectors. It is also suggested to consider patient satisfaction as part of the discharge process in all hospitals.
Deficiency in Aim2 affects viability and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells from murine aortas and Angiotensin-II induced aortic aneurysms
Authors: Wortmann Markus , Arshad Muhammad , Hakimi Maani , Böckler Dittmar , Dihlmann Susanne
Published: May 2020

Backgound

Phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells is a key element in vascular remodeling and aortic aneurysm growth. Previously, deletion of several inflammasome components decreased formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the Angiotensin II (AngII) -induced mouse model. We hypothesized that the inflammasome sensor Absent in melanoma 2 (Aim2) might affect the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), thereby reducing AAA formation.

Methods

Aim2-/- mice and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J mice were used as an animal model. VSMC were isolated at the age of 6 months and grown for different numbers of passages. Young (passage 3-5) and senescent (passage 7-12) cells were analyzed in vitro for calcification in mineralization medium by Alizarin Red S staining. Expression of calcification and inflammatory markers were studied by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, release of cytokines was determined by ELISA. To induce AAA, osmotic mini-pumps loaded with AngII (1500 ng/kg bodyweight/min) were implanted for 28 days in male mice at 6 months of age.

Results

Compared with VSMC from WT mice, VSMC isolated from Aim2-/- mice were larger, less viable, and underwent stronger calcification in mineralization medium, along with induction of BMP4 and repression of Tnfsf11/Rankl gene expression. In addition, Aim2 deficiency was associated with reduced inflammasome gene expression and release of Interleukin-6. Using the mouse model of AngII induced AAA, Aim2 deficiency reduced AAA incidence to 48.4% (15/31) in Aim2-/- mice versus 76.5% (13/17) in WT mice. In contrast to Aim2-/- mice, AAA from WT mice expressed significantly increased levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin/ Acta2 , indicating tissue remodeling. Reduced cell proliferation in Aim2-/- mice was indicated by significantly increased p16ink4a/ Cdkn2a expression in untreated and AngII-infused aortas, and by significantly lower amounts of proliferating (Ki67 positive) VSMC in AngII-infused Aim2-/- mice.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a role for Aim2 in regulating VSMC proliferation and transition to an osteoblast-like or osteoclast-like phenotype, thereby modulating the response of VSMC in aortic remodeling and AAA formation.
Assessing Mobile Phone Access, Usage and Willingness Among Women to Receive Voice Message-Based Mobile Health Intervention to Improve Antenatal Care Attendance in District Thatta
Authors: Feroz Anam , Akberali Naureen , Saleem Sarah
Published: May 2020

Background Pakistan has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios worldwide at 276/100,000 live births and only 51% percent of women receive four or more ANC visits. This means that there are missed opportunities for almost half of the women who were not able to seek the recommended antenatal visits. In Thatta district, the maternal mortality ratio is estimated at 313/100,000 live births. Various studies reported that mHealth interventions have proven to be effective to improve antenatal care and postnatal care services. However, the feasibility and effectiveness of mobile health interventions to increase uptake of preventive maternal healthcare services among pregnant women in different settings may be different due to differing patient demographics, cultural diversity, environmental and behavioral factors, availability and accessibility to mobile phones, and budgetary constraints. Prior to implementing a similar intervention in Thatta District, it is crucially important to assess the mobile phone access, usage and willingness among women to receive voice-message based mHealth intervention to improve antenatal care attendance. Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study will be used to assess mobile phone access, usage and willingness among women to receive voice-message based mHealth intervention to improve antenatal care attendance in District Thatta. The study will be conducted in Thatta district of Sindh province. Married women of reproductive age (MWRA), who are residing in selected villages of Mirpur Sakro and willing to participate will be included in the study. Multistage sampling technique will be used to recruit the 415 study participants. A structured questionnaire has been designed on Epicollect to collect data from 415 women. Data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23, with a level of significance as <0.05. Discussion This research project will provide invaluable information on the current access, usage of mobile phones among women of district Thatta and their willingness to receive voice messages to improve the antenatal care services. The study will also highlight demographic, sociocultural and economic factors associated with women willingness and readiness to receive voice messages regarding antenatal care.
Evaluation of Epstein-Barr Virus Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay Results
Authors: Gorgun Selim , Havuz Seda Gudul , Mehel Dursun M.
Published: May 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to diagnose Epstein-Barr virüs (EBV) infection using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) method and to evaluate these patients clinically. More than 90% of children are infected with EBV until the age of six. Methods: The tests were studied by using EBV IIFA method. A total of 247 patients, 186 adults, and 61 children, were included in the study. Results: 5 (2.7%) of the adults were EBV-Capsid antigen (EBV-CA) IgM positive, 175 (94.1%) were IgG positive and 6 (3.2%) were seronegative. 10 (16.4%) of the child patients were IgM positive, which is considered as an acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) infection marker, whereas the child patients had a significantly higher IgM rate than adults (p <0.001). 39 (63.9%) of the child patients were IgG positive and 12 (19.7%) of them were seronegative. The rate of IgG positivity in children was significantly lower than in adults (p <0.001).There was no significant difference between the genders in terms of IgM and IgG positivity rates in both adults and children(p> 0.05 for each).Conclusion: These results suggest that the presence of an acute EBV infection should be considered when the patient has viral diseases with similar clinical picture especially for children.
Molecular mechanism of luteolin against inflammation based on integration of network pharmacology, transcriptomics and proteomics
Authors: Huang XiuFang , Zhang Jia-Lin , Huang Ai-Si , Huang Dan-Ping , Huang Hui-Ting , Liu Qiong , Liu Xiao-Hong , Liao Hui-Li
Published: May 2020

Background: Luteolin (3', 4', 5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid exists in various medicinal plants, has strong anti-inflammatory effect. However, anti-inflammatory mechanism of luteolin has not been fully explored. Hence, we aimed to systematically investigate druggability and anti-inflammatory mechanism of luteolin based on network pharmacology. Methods: The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of luteolin were evaluated by TCMSP server. Targets associated with luteolin and inflammation were collected from public databases, and the overlapping targets between luteolin and inflammation were analyzed by Draw Venn diagram. Then the protein-protein interaction network of luteolin against inflammation was constructed to get core genes. Further, gene function and pathway enrichment analysis were performed. Finally, in vitro experiment was carried out to estimate the accuracy of predicted target genes. Results: ADME results indicated that luteolin has great potential to be developed into a drug. 226 overlapping targets (targets of luteolin against inflammation) were screened by matching 280 targets of luteolin with 9015 targets of inflammation. 9 core targets of luteolin against inflammation were identified, including MMP9, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, ALB, EGFR, SRC, HRAS and ESR1. Gene function were mainly involved in metabolism, energy pathways and signal transduction. Pathway enrichment results suggested that metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway and so on might be the critical pathways of luteolin against inflammation. RT-qPCR and ELISA results indicated that luteolin decreased the expression of most of core genes at protein and mRNA levels (MMP9, MAPK1, HSP90AA1, EGFR, SRC and HRAS). Conclusions: The anti-inflammatory mechanism of luteolin were systematically investigated based on network pharmacology, RT-qPCR and ELISA. Luteolin is expounded to have great potential to be developed into a drug and target various genes and pathways to perform systematic anti-inflammatory effect.
Health-Related Quality of Life following Minimally Invasive Totally Thoracoscopic Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Huang Ling-chen , Chen Dao-zhong , Chen Liang-wan , Xu Qi-chen , Zheng Zi-he , DAI XIAOFU
Published: May 2020

Background
In order to compare the impact of two different approaches to mitral valve surgery on health-related quality of life, we conducted a retrospective study comparing minimally invasive totally thoracoscopic mitral valve surgery with median sternotomy mitral valve surgery.
Methods
A total of 163 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery at our institution between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 were enrolled. In 163 patients, mitral valve surgery was performed using either totally thoracoscopic approach (TA n = 78) or median sternotomy approach (SA n = 85). We used the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating Scale and the Numerical Rating Scale to measure the pain intensity and the aesthetic appearance of surgical incision and used the MOS SF-36 to assess the HRQoL.
Results
The two groups of patients were similar in terms of demographic, echocardiography data and postoperative complications. The pain intensity and aesthetic appearance of the totally thoracoscopic approach were significantly better than that of the median sternotomy approach. Significant differences in the subscale of the SF-36 were found between the two groups.
Conclusions
When compared to the median sternotomy mitral valve surgery, totally thoracoscopic mitral valve surgery has an equally good outcome, while improving aesthetic appearance and reducing pain intensity. Our study suggested that totally thoracoscopic approach is superior to median sternotomy approach in terms of pain intensity, aesthetic appearance and HRQoL.
Causes of acute respiratory hospitalizations predict survival in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Salonen Johanna , Vähänikkilä Hannu , Purokivi Minna , Kaarteenaho Riitta
Published: May 2020

Background
Acute exacerbation of ILD (AE-ILD) is a common reason for hospitalization; it is also associated with significant mortality. Less is known about the prognostic significance of other events causing acute, non-elective hospitalizations in ILD patients.
Methods
ILD patients hospitalized due to acute respiratory worsening were collected from medical records. Reasons for respiratory deterioration were classified into AE-ILDs and other causes. Clinical features and survival data of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other types of ILDs were evaluated and compared.
Results
In all, 237 patients (138 with IPF and 99 with other ILD) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of the non-IPF ILD types, the most prevalent subgroups were connective tissue disease-associated ILD (n = 33) and asbestosis (n = 22). The most common cause for hospitalization was AE-ILD explaining 41% of hospitalizations. Lower respiratory tract infection (22%), subacute progression of ILD (12%) and cardiovascular causes (7.2%) were other common reasons for hospital treatment. Patients with a lower respiratory tract infection had a more favorable prognosis compared with patients with AE-ILD. AE-ILDs were less fatal than cardiovascular or concurrent non-ILD-related causes for hospitalizations in non-IPF patients. High Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) index was a marker for shortened survival and earlier AE-ILDs in all patients. IPF patients had a significantly shorter overall and post-hospitalization survival time compared with other ILDs.
Conclusions
Most respiratory hospitalizations in ILD patients were related to causes other than AE-ILD, which highlights the importance of accurate differential diagnosis in order to target the appropriate treatment for each ILD patient.