bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fecal Calprotectin in Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Hor Jia Wei , Lim Shen-Yang , Khor Eng Soon , Chong Kah Kian , Song Sze Looi , Ibrahim Norlinah Mohamed , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju , Chong Chun Wie , Hilmi Ida Normiha , Tan Ai Huey
Published: December 2021

Objective Converging evidence suggests that intestinal inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies on fecal calprotectin in Parkinson’s disease (PD) were limited by small sample sizes, and literature regarding intestinal inflammation in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is very scarce. We investigated the levels of fecal calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation, in PD and MSA.Methods We recruited 169 subjects (71 PD, 38 MSA, and 60 age-similar nonneurological controls). Clinico-demographic data were collected. PD and MSA were subtyped and the severity assessed using the MDS-UPDRS and UMSARS, respectively. Fecal calprotectin and blood immune markers were analyzed.Results Compared to controls (median: 35.7 [IQR: 114.2] μg/g), fecal calprotectin was significantly elevated in PD (median: 95.6 [IQR: 162.1] μg/g, p = 0.003) and even higher in MSA (median: 129.5 [IQR: 373.8] μg/g, p = 0.002). A significant interaction effect with age was observed; between-group differences were significant only in older subjects (i.e., ≥ 61 years) and became more apparent with increasing age. A total of 28.9% of MSA and 18.3% of PD patients had highly abnormal fecal calprotectin levels (≥ 250 μg/g); however, this difference was only significant for MSA compared to controls. Fecal calprotectin correlated moderately with selected blood immune markers in PD, but not with clinical features of PD or MSA.Conclusions Elevated fecal calprotectin suggests a role for intestinal inflammation in PD and MSA. A more complete understanding of gut immune alterations could open up new avenues of research and treatment for these debilitating diseases.
Current Status of Telemedicine for Parkinson’s Disease in Japan: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Ogawa Mayuko , Oyama Genko , Sekimoto Satoko , Hatano Taku , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: December 2021

Objective Using telemedicine is a way to improve the accessibility of specialists for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, it is not widely used in Japan. We investigated the efficacy of telemedicine in PD by using a single-center cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Methods We sent a questionnaire to patients who agreed to participate from among 52 patients with PD who had used telemedicine services at Juntendo University Hospital from October 2017 to November 2018. Caregivers were asked to respond to one question separately.Results A total of 38 patients responded to the questionnaire. Most patients were satisfied with the telemedicine consultation (7.8 ± 1.9), reporting that it was effective in reducing their travel burden. Twenty-one patients attended a telemedicine consultation with their caregivers, and their satisfaction was high (8.4 ± 1.8).Conclusion In a specific cohort in Japan, patients with PD and their caregivers were mostly satisfied with the telemedicine service.
Labrune’s Syndrome Presenting With Stereotypy-Like Movements and Psychosis: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Sim Chun-Yang , Mukari Shahizon Azura Mohamed , Ngu Lock-Hock , Loh Chia-Yin , Remli Rabani , Ibrahim Norlinah Mohamed
Published: December 2021

Labrune’s syndrome, or leukoencephalopathy with brain calcifications and cysts (LCC), is a rare genetic syndrome with variable neurological presentations. Psychiatric manifestations and involuntary movements are uncommonly reported. We report the case of a 19-year-old female, initially diagnosed with Fahr’s syndrome, who presented to us with acute psychosis, abnormal behavior and involuntary movements. Her brain computed tomography showed extensive bilateral intracranial calcifications without cysts. Genetic testing detected two compound heterozygous variants, NR_033294.1 n.*9C>T and n.24C>T, in the SNORD118 gene, confirming the diagnosis of LCC. We discuss the expanding phenotypic spectrum of LCC and provide a literature review on the current diagnosis and management of this rare syndrome.
Walking on water: terrestrial mammal migrations in the warming Arctic
Authors: Berteaux Dominique , Lai Sandra
Published: December 2021

Caribou and reindeer migrations are the tip of the iceberg when one considers migration among the 70 species of Arctic terrestrial mammals. About 26% of species indeed have migratory individuals, while 33% are non-migratory and 41% are data deficient. Such figures demonstrate the need to both better document and better understand seasonal movements in these vertebrates. Whereas spatiotemporal variations in resources are key drivers of Arctic terrestrial mammal migrations, the changes of water phase around 0°C, from liquid to solid and vice versa, have considerable impacts given that liquid water, snow, and ice differ so strongly in their physical properties. We explore how the interplay between resources and water phase shape Arctic terrestrial mammal migrations, demonstrate that a rich set of research questions emerges from this interaction, and introduce new concepts such as the micro-migrations of small mammals. We also list key questions about the migrations of Arctic terrestrial mammals, with emphasis on the impacts of climate change. We conclude by arguing that the strong exposure of the Arctic to climate change, combined with the quick development of biologging techniques, rapidly increase both the need and the capacity to enhance our knowledge of migration in Arctic terrestrial mammals.
Biermann battery as a source of astrophysical magnetic fields
Authors: Mikhailov Evgeny A. , Andreasyan Ruben R.
Published: December 2021

A large number of galaxies have large-scale magnetic fields which are usually measured by the Faraday rotation of radio waves. Their origin is usually connected with the dynamo mechanism which is based on differential rotation of the interstellar medium and alpha-effect characterizing the helicity of the small-scale motions. However, it is necessary to have initial magnetic field which cannot be generated by the dynamo. One of the possible mechanisms is connected with the Biermann battery which acts because of different masses of protons and electrons passing from the central object. They produce circular currents which induce the vertical magnetic field. As for this field we can obtain the integral equation which can be solved by simulated annealing method which is widely used in different branches of mathematics
Systematics of Hypnea (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta) from coastal North Carolina, with a first report of Calliblepharis saidana from the United States Atlantic Coast
Authors: Campbell Jason T. , Freshwater D. Wilson , Bailey J. Craig
Published: December 2021

Complete and/or partial DNA sequences for the plastid-encoded rbcL gene and the 5′ end of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI-5P) gene were used to re-examine the systematics of Hypnea species (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta) from North Carolina, USA. These data, combined with light microscopic observations, indicate that two species (Hypnea cryptica and H. musciformis sensu stricto) are present in nearshore waters of coastal North Carolina. Molecular and morphological analyses with topotype material of Hypnea volubilis from North Carolina offshore waters revealed that it and Calliblepharis saidana are conspecific. Hypnea volubilis is proposed as a heterotypic synonym of C. saidana. This is the first report of Calliblepharis from the United States Atlantic coast and only the second report from the western hemisphere.
“Thrice the brindled cat hath mew’d” – The Three Trials of William Hone
Authors: Abreu Georgina
Published: December 2021

This essay argues that the bold affirmation of the political, rather than the religious, purpose of his liturgical parodies enabled the journalist, satirist, and publisher William Hone (1780–1842) to turn three accusations of blasphemous libel into the triple defence of the freedom of the press during his trials in December 1817. Hone was accused of blasphemous and seditious libel for having printed and published three liturgical parodies in the early months of that year. These were The Late John Wilkes’s Catechism of a Ministerial Member, The Political Litany, Diligently Revised and The Sinecurist’s Creed, or Belief. He conducted his own defence and, against the odds, was acquitted in all three trials. On January 23, 1818, Hone published the narrated transcripts of the trials. The present essay analyses and interprets those transcripts, highlighting Hone’s eloquence, his de-sacralisation of court ritual, and, most important, the strategic use of satire as a legitimate method of political criticism and as an index of the freedom of the press. The Conclusion focuses on the political and cultural significance of Hone’s rebuttal performance and claims his long-standing right to our attention.
The crystal structure of KNa3Te8O18·5H2O exhibiting a ∞
2[Te4O9]2− layer
Authors: Geng Lei
Published: December 2021

KNa3Te8O18·5H2O, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.5701(4) Å, b = 8.7278(4) Å, c = 10.4082(5) Å, α = 67.582(2)°, β = 66.167(2)°, γ = 77.861(2)°, V = 656.85(6) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0180, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0452, T = 296(2) K.
A Philosophy of Szellemiism
Authors: Kumar Mahendar
Published: December 2021

The paper is intended to highlight the key tenets of Szellemiism including education, experience and wisdom and interactions of all three and how Szellemiism can be adopted in the society by creating new social classes, institutional mechanism and social contract. Moreover, Szellemiism emphasizes upon creating the right economic, social and political balance between intellectuals and non-intellectuals. Szellemiism explicitly rejects the idea of equal voting for all eligible citizens, rather it promotes idea of weightage voting based on one’s understanding of environment by objectifying three main elements, one’s education, one’s experience and one’s wisdom by using latest technology of artificial intelligence(AI). Following that philosophy, the three key institutions should be developed including parliament, senate and council of intelligentsia. Afterwards, those three collectively choose the head of state as, the majority tyranny is avoided at each and every stage of intellectocracy and the best among the all is chosen to tackle with complicated and sophisticated national and international challenges. Moreover, Szellemiism supports the idea of a new social contract that ensures timely health, education and livelihood support to the individual by the state but by allowing the state to get maximum private information about one’s self. Hence, the paper concludes that, the new slogan of 21st century would be “Maximum state support with maximum private information”.
Overview of COVID-19’s relationship with thrombophilia proteins
Authors: Aydin Suna , Ugur Kader , Yalcin Hanifi , Sahin İbrahim , Akkoc Ramazan Fazil , Yakar Burkay , Yucel Dogan , Aydin Suleyman
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 is the most devastating pandemic situation we have experienced in our age, affecting all systems. Although it affects all systems, it shows its most important effect through thrombophilia. Therefore, the possible cause of sudden death due to COVID-19 may be embolism caused by thrombophilia. D-dimer amounts increase due to COVID-19. The thrombosis is associated with sudden death in COVID-19 disease in populations. Since individuals with thrombophilia will be more prone to death due to COVID-19, it may be appropriate to administer low doses of Clexane (Enoxaparin sodium) or low-weight heparin for prophylactic purposes in order to consider these individuals at high risk and to prevent deaths. Moreover, in order not to risk the lives of healthcare professionals with thrombophilia, it would be appropriate to keep them away from individuals with COVID-19 disease and to employ them in different healthcare services according to their fields of expertise. It should also not be forgotten that different symptoms related to COVID-19 appear day by day, these different symptoms probably show that the virus has undergone mutations in order to survive, but no matter what, its effect on thrombophilia has not been eliminated yet. This compilation aims to present the reasons and causes of death due to COVID-19, possible treatment options, and thrombophilia panel tests and new parameters that may have a place in the meticulous interpretation of these tests and possible etiopathology in the light of current information. Therefore, presenting this information in a rational manner and keeping the parameters of the thrombophilia panel under strict control predict that the deaths due to the virus will be partially reduced.
Erweitertes Berechnungsmodell für Kugelgewindetriebe
Authors: Brecher Christian , Biernat Benedikt , Vorwerk-Handing Lennard , Neus Stephan
Published: December 2021

Der Spindelsteigungsfehler weist einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Betriebsverhalten von Kugelgewindetrieben auf. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Simulationsmodell vorgestellt, mit dem der Einfluss des Steigungsfehlers auf die interne Lastverteilung, die Steifigkeit und die Lebensdauer quantifiziert werden kann. Mithilfe des Modells werden im Anschluss an die aktuelle Auslegungspraxis nach Norm angelehnte Korrekturfaktoren zur Berücksichtigung des Spindelsteigungsfehlers berechnet.
Die zwei Wege der Wertstrommethode zur Digitalisierung
Authors: Erlach Klaus , Böhm Markus , Gessert Stephan , Hartleif Silke , Teriete Tim , Ungern-Sternberg Roman
Published: December 2021

Der Wertstrom als angewandte Methode ist weitgehend ausgereift. Jedoch geht die Nutzung dieser digitalen Technik gegenwärtig kaum über die Visualisierungssoftware hinaus. Die Forschungsaktivitäten dazu sind wenig synchronisiert und zielgerichtet. Ursache dafür ist die unklare Abgrenzung zwischen der Wertstrommethode als Beitrag zur Digitalisierung und der Digitalisierung der Methode an sich. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt anhand dieser beiden Perspektiven einen Ordnungsrahmen für zukünftig mögliche Entwicklungsrichtungen der Forschung zur digitalisierten Wertstrommethode.
Monetäre Bewertung prozessualer Innovationen
Authors: Kuprat Vivian K. , Demke Tabea M. , Mütze Alexander , Nyhuis Peter
Published: December 2021

Prozessuale und organisatorische Innovationen können einen Wettbewerbsvorteil für Unternehmen generieren. Eine Bewertung der Einflüsse dieser Innovationen auf monetäre und produktionslogistische Zielgrößen vor der Implementierung wird jedoch aufgrund intransparenter Wirkzusammenhänge erschwert. Mit dem Ziel eines Rahmenwerks zur monetären und produktionslogistischen Innovationsbewertung wird in diesem Beitrag ein Vorgehen zur Entwicklung eines Ansatzes zur monetären Bewertung prozessualer Innovationen vorgestellt.
Earliest Experience of a Relatively Rare Sound But Not a Frequent Sound Causes Long-Term Changes in the Adult Auditory Cortex
Authors: Mehra Muneshwar , Mukesh Adarsh , Bandyopadhyay Sharba
Published: December 2021

Sensory experience during a critical period alters sensory cortical responses and organization. We find that the earliest sound-driven activity in the mouse auditory cortex (ACX) starts before ear-canal opening (ECO). The effects of auditory experience before ECO on ACX development are unknown. We find that in mouse ACX subplate neurons (SPNs), crucial in thalamocortical maturation, respond to sounds before ECO showing oddball selectivity. Before ECO, SPNs are more selective to oddball sounds in auditory streams than thalamo-recipient layer 4 (L4) neurons and not after ECO. We hypothesize that SPN's oddball selectivity can direct the development of L4 responses before ECO. Exposing mice, of either sex, before ECO to a rarely occurring tone in a stream of another tone occurring frequently leads to strengthening the adult cortical representation of the rare tone, but not that of the frequent tone. Results of control exposure experiments at multiple developmental windows that also use only a single tone corroborate the observations. We further explain the strengthening of deviant inputs before ECO and not after ECO using a binary network model mimicking the hierarchical structure of subplate and L4 neurons and response properties derived from our data, with synapses following Hebbian spike time-dependent plasticity learning rule. Information-theoretic analysis with sparse coding assumptions also predicts the observations. Thus, relatively salient low probability sounds in the earliest auditory environment cause long-term changes in the ACX.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEarly auditory experience can change the organization and responses of the auditory cortex in adulthood. However, little is known about how auditory experience at prenatal ages changes neural circuits and response properties. In mice at equivalent early developmental stages, we find that auditory experience of a particular kind, with a less frequently occurring sound in a stream of another sound, alters adult cortical responsiveness, specifically of the less frequent sound. However, at the previously known critical period of development, the opposite is observed, where the more frequent sound's representation is strengthened in the adult compared with the less frequent sound. We thus show that a specific type of auditory environment can influence adult auditory processing at the earliest ages.
AUTHENTICATION OF HAZELNUT OIL BY PORTABLE FT-NIR, FT-MIR AND RAMAN SPECTROMETERS COMBINED WITH MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS
Authors: MENEVSEOGLU Ahmed , AYKAS Didem Peren
Published: December 2021

This research studied the authentication of hazelnut oil by portable FT-NIR, FT-MIR, and Raman spectrometers. Hazelnut oils were adulterated with vegetable oils at various concentrations (0-25%) (w/w). Collected spectra were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) to generate classification models to authenticate pure hazelnut oil and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to predict the fatty acids and adulterant levels. For confirmation, oil’s fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography. In all three instruments, SIMCA provided distinct clusters for pure and adulterated samples with interclass distance (ICD)3. All instruments showed excellent performance in predicting fatty acids and adulteration levels with rval>0.93 and standard error prediction (SEP)<1.75%. Specifically, the FT-MIR unit provided the best performances. Still, all the units can be used as an alternative to traditional methods. These units showed great potential for in-situ surveillance to detect hazelnut oil adulterations.
Protection of computers from side electromagnetic radiation during monitor images formation
Authors: Lutsenko Volodymyr M. , Progonov Dmytro O.
Published: December 2021

Reliable protection of confidential data processedin critical information infrastructure elements of public institutions and private organizations is topical task today. Of particular interest are methods to prevent the leakage of confidential data by localizinginformative (dangerous) signals that both carry an informative component,and have a signal level higher than predefined threshold.The increase in signal energy from personal computers is caused byincreasing of its transistorsswitching speed. Modern passive shielding methodsfor secured computers, similar to the well-known program TEMPEST,require either costly and large shieldingunitsor technological simplificationby using of low-cost fragmentary shieldingof computer’s individual elements.Therefore, localization of side electromagnetic radiation produced by personal computer is needed.The paper presents a cost-effective approach to reducing the level of computer’s electromagnetic radiationby passive method.The radiation are localized and measured by its estimation on personal computer’s elements, namely unshielded communication lines between video processor and amonitor, fragments of electric tracks on motherboards, etc.During experiments authorsused ad-hoc miniature electric (ball antenna) and magnetic (Hall sensor) antennas connectedto selective voltmeters. This approach significantly reduces the cost of equipmentand measurementsas well as requirements to analytics’ qualification forimproving computer’s protection.Also, the alternative approach for computer protection is proposed. The approach is based on image content protection by distorting the image on the monitorinstead of reducing electromagnetic radiation caused by signals from the monitor. The protection includes image scrambling using Arnold transform that randomly “shuffle”the lines in each frame.
Optimization of the precision gear grinding operation based on integrated information system
Authors: Larshin Vasily P. , Babiychuk Olga B. , Lysyi Oleksandr V. , Verpivskyi Serhii M. , Yunxuan Zhang
Published: December 2021

In accordance with the principles of hierarchical management, a comprehensive two-level management system is presented for the development and manufacturing of products for the stages of pre-production (the upper level of the management hierarchy) and for the actual production stage (the lower level of the management hierarchy). At the stage of pre-production, the gear grinding oper-ation design on the “MAAG”type machines was carried out. For this purpose, a technique for optimizing the gear grinding parame-ters for a two dish-wheel rolling scheme has been developed, a mathematical optimization model containing an objective function with restrictions imposed on it has been created. The objective function is the gear grinding machine time, which depends on theoperation parameters (gear grinding stock allowance, cutting modes, grinding wheel specification, part material) and the design fea-tures of the gears beingground (module, diameter, number of teeth, radius of curvature of the involutes). The article showsthat at the stage of pre-production,the gear grinding optimizationis a method of operation design. At the stage of actual production, a closed-loop automatic control system with feedback on the deviation of the adjustable value (gear grinding power) automatically supports the numerical power values that were found at the operation design stage, taking into account ensuring defect-free high-performance gear grinding (minimum number of working strokes and maximum longitudinal feeds). At this stage, i.e. when a robust longitudinal feed automatic control system is operating, the optimization carried out at the previous stage (pre-production) sets the functioning algorithm for the adaptive systemwithcorresponding control algorithm. Thus, at the production stage (when the gear grinding ma-chine is running), the operation optimization is a control method. Therefore, it is shown that with two-level control, the gear grinding operation optimization performs a dual function. On the one hand, it is a design method (at the pre-production stage), and on the other –a management method (at the actual productionstage). With this approach, i.e. with the integration of production and its preparation based on a single two-level management, the efficiency of a single integrated design and production automation system is significantly higher due to general (unified)optimization, rather than partialone.
Modelling the efficiencyof power system with reserve capacity fromvariable renewable sources of energy
Authors: Denysova Alla E. , Nikulshin Vladimir R. , Wysochin Victor V. , Zhaivoron Oksana S. , Solomentseva Yana V.
Published: December 2021

The paper considers modeling the efficiency of power system with integration large share of variable renewable sources of en-ergy with the account ofclimate conditions ofUkraine. The proposed methodology with its position between system planning and dispatch simulation contributes to the field of hybrid energy system models.The idea behind the methodallowshigh spatial and temporal resolution as well as the inclusion of the technical details of the power system and its dispatch.The novelty of this method is the usage ofa parametric approach is chosen to analyze different variable renewable sources of energyscenarios, precisely every possible its share and mix. This provides insights on the systematic effects of different resource mixes and may serve as a new ap-proach to the analysis of future power system development.The additional novelty aspect allows theoptimization of the design of the technical details of the power system with large variable renewable sourcessharesto have continuous improvementof its energy efficiency.The energy balance model generatoris well suited for the analysis of large share of variable renewable sources integration in the power system. The design of technical details of the power system with large variable renewable sourcesshares wasoptimized with the energy balancemodel.The results of numerical modelling demonstratedthat at 80% variable renewable sources of energy share, the overproductionis reduced to 20%, down from over 100 % without grid extensions.With it, the necessary wind and solar capacity decreases. Consequently, the possible achievable variable renewable sources of energy share areincreased, assuming the same technical potential. According to the results, a Ukrainian grid would allow to increase the possible variable renewable sources of energy share from 50% to 75%.
Method for increasing the dynamic characteristics of thermoelectric coolers
Authors: Zhuravlov Yurii I.
Published: December 2021

The influence of the efficiency of the initial thermoelectric materials on the dynamics of the functioning of the thermoelectric cooling device for various characteristic current modes of operation in the range of operating temperature drops and heat load at a given geometry of thermoelement legs is considered. The parameters of thermoelectric materials of thermoelements are conventionally divided into three groups: used for batch production, laboratory research and maximum values.The criterion for choosing the operating mode of the thermoelectric cooler takes into account the mutual influence and weight of each of the limiting factors. Since the design conditions can be very diverse, simultaneously varying several limiting factors (constructive, energy and reliability), you can choose the most rational mode of operation.The analysis was carried out for typical current modes of operation of thermoelectric coolers: maximum cooling capacity, maximum cooling capacity at a given current, maximum coefficient of performance, minimum failure rate. It is shown that with an increase in the efficiency of the initial thermoelectric materials, the time for reaching the stationary operating mode of the thermoelectric cooler, the required number of thermoelements, and the maximum temperature difference increase.A method is proposed for reducing the time constant of thermoelectric coolers due to the revealed relationship between the efficiency of thermoelectric materials and the dynamic characteristics of thermoelements. It is shown that an increase in the dynamic characteristics of thermoelectric coolers is achieved without changing the design documentation, manufacturing technology and additional climatic and mechanical testing of products.
Ways of development of processes of standardization and informatization of the field of healthcare
Authors: Gogunskii Viktor D. , Mezentseva Olga O. , Kolomiiets Anna S. , Kolesnikova Kateryna V. , Morozov Viktor V.
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the analysis of standardization of informatization of medical care projects. In particular, the task of improving the quality and accessibility of medical services on the basis of a scientifically based methodology of portfolio-oriented management is set.To solve this problem, subtasks have been identified, such as the development of methods for estimating the cost of projects in the field of medical services; the creation of a model for financing healthcare based on the introduction of a system of compulsory state medical insurance; the development of a quality management system for healthcare projects, which includes models and methods for planning, ensuring and controlling the quality ofmedical services; the development of the foundations of state pro-grams for standardization and informatization of healthcare as the basis of a quality management system. Improving the quality of healthcare is recognized as the main goal of reforming the industry at the present stage. The quality of healthcare is defined as the totality of the results of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases determined by the established requirements based on the achievements of medical science and practice. In the work, based on the analysis of the best world experience, it is shown that the use of the principles of standardization in healthcare provides a high level of medical care, regardless of the patient's place of residence, the level of knowledge of a particular doctor or recommendations of a particular scientific school. The paper proposes the main ap-proaches, methods and components of the standardization system. Using the practical experience of private medical centersan algo-rithm for creating an electronic medical record, its main functions and possible areas of use are proposed.It is shown that the main difficulty in implementing the standardization of medical care is that this work at the level of public and private clinics is controlled not only by the principle of general standardization and modification, but also by a specific project goal for each medical industry, which should be achieved in a comprehensive and balanced manner.
A Comprehensive Review on Low-Temperature Combustion Technologies for Emission Reduction in Diesel Engines
Authors: Jhalani Amit , Sharma Dilip , Sharma Pushpendra Kumar , Singh Digambar , Jhalani Sumit , Jay Prakash Dubey
Published: December 2021

Diesel engines are lean burn engines; hence CO and HC emissions in the exhaust are less likely to occur in substantial amounts. The emissions of serious concern in compression ignition engines are particulate matter and nitrogen oxides because of elevated temperature conditions of combustion. Hence the researchers have strived continuously to lower down the temperature of combustion in order to bring down the emissions from CI engines. This has been tried through premixed charge compression ignition, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), gasoline compression ignition and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI). In this study, an attempt has been made to critically review the literature on low-temperature combustion conditions using various conventional and alternative fuels. The problems and challenges augmented with the strategies have also been described. Water-in-diesel emulsion technology has been discussed in detail. Most of the authors agree over the positive outcomes of water-diesel emulsion for both performance and emissions simultaneously.
Solide State Diffusion Bonding of Al6061-SiC Nanocomposites
Authors: Melik W. , Boumerzoug Z. , Delaunois F.
Published: December 2021

Aluminium matrix composites are both strong and lightweight, and are limited in their applications due to the proper choice of welding process. Conventional welding that is based on fusion at the welded joint is not suitable because it leads to the formation of certain defects at the welded joint. For this reason, solid-state welding such as diffusion bonding is one of the suitable joining methods, as there will be no melting of any of the constituents. The solid-state diffusion bonding at 520° C of Al6061-SiC nanocomposites was investigated. This composite material was made by powder metallurgy, where aluminium alloy Al6061 was selected as the base metal, and SiC nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm were added as reinforced particles. The effects of bonding time on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded material were investigated. The main characterisation techniques were optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and microhardness measurements. We have found that increasing the holding time up to 3 h at 520° C strengthens the weldability of the two basic composite materials and increases their hardness. X-ray diffraction analysis did not reveal any new phase during diffusion welding; it is considered one of the advantages of using the solid-state diffusion welding technique for the assembly of this kind of composite material. The welding success of this composite material widens its field of use, such as the automotive or space industry, because it is a light material with high mechanical properties.
Comparison of the clinical characteristics of primary thyroid lymphoma and diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Xiaoya , Yu Shanshan , Long Jian , Wei Qiang , Liu Liping , Liu Chun , Ren Wei
Published: December 2021

Objective

Both primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) and diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSVPTC) are two rare malignant tumours with different therapies and prognoses. This study compared their clinical features.

Methods

From a retrospective review of the pathologic database at our institute between January 2015 and August 2020, 52 PTL patients and 40 DSVPTC patients were included. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and ultrasound data were extracted from electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0.

Results

Both PTL and DSVPTC were more likely to occur in women (83.7 and 67.5%, respectively), but DSVPTC patients were younger (median age: 36 vs 64.5), had fewer compressive symptoms, and more frequently had neck lymph node metastasis than PTL patients. The prevalence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and hypothyroidism was significantly higher in PTL patients than in DSVPTC patients (31% vs 17.5%). Hyperthyroidism could only be found in DSVPTC patients, which accounted for 7.5%. Heterogeneous echogenicity and irregular edges were frequently observed in both PTL and DSVPTC. However, compared with PTL, DSVPTC exhibited smaller lesion sizes, higher frequencies of diffuse sonographic patterns and calcification and lower frequencies of hypoechoic features and internal blood flow signal. The overall survival rate with PTL was 77.23%, which was lower than that with DSVPTC (90.91%), but this difference was not significant (P  = 0.096).

Conclusion

Clinical characteristics such as age, compression symptoms, and sonographic features such as a large mass with heterogeneous echogenicity, hypoechoic, irregular edges, and calcification are helpful for impression diagnosis of PTL and DSVPTC before surgery.
Oral health-related quality of life in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Nguyen Caroline , Celestin Elisabeth , Chambolle Delphine , Linglart Agnès , Biosse Duplan Martin , Chaussain Catherine , Friedlander Lisa
Published: December 2021

Introduction

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare, hereditary, and lifelong phosphate-wasting disorder characterized by rickets in childhood and impaired teeth mineralization. In the oral cavity, spontaneous abscesses can often occur without any clinical signs of alteration of the causal tooth. The objective of our study was to evaluate the oral care pathway and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients following in an expert oral medicine department located within a Parisian hospital and working in close collaboration with an endocrinology department expert in this pathology.

Methods

This study employed a qualitative descriptive design including semi-structured interviews using guiding themes.

Results

Twenty-one patients were included in the study. The topics brought up exceeded the initial objectives as the patients mostly addressed the alteration of their oral health-related and general quality of life; a very chaotic oral health care pathway with oral health professionals not aware of their pathology; consequences on their social, professional, and school integration. Patients declared the importance of having a multidisciplinary team around them, including medical and dental professionals.

Conclusions

The variety of manifestations in patients with XLH necessitates high coordination of multidisciplinary patient care to optimize quality of life and reduce disease burden. Oral health care pathways are very chaotic for patients who have difficulty in finding professionals with sufficient knowledge of the disease. OHRQoL is therefore diminished. This situation improves when patients enter a coordinated care network.
UNA DEFENSA DE LAS AXIOLOGÍAS CENTRADAS EN EL SUFRIMIENTO
Authors: Briones Marrero Amanda
Published: December 2021

Este artículo realiza una defensa de las axiologías centradas en el sufrimiento, que sostienen la prioridad de evitar el sufrimiento frente a la promoción de otros valores. Para ello, explica en primer lugar cómo ciertas cuestiones relativas a la creación de individuos sugieren la existencia de una asimetría entre el sufrimiento y la felicidad. Continúa describiendo un conjunto de argumentos a favor de la prioridad del sufrimiento relativos a individuos ya existentes. Asimismo, señala y responde a distintas objeciones que podrían ser dirigidas contra estas axiologías. Finalmente, concluye que las posiciones centradas en el sufrimiento no están todavía lo bastante exploradas y pueden tener un gran potencial.
COMUNIDAD MUNDANA Y COMUNIDAD DE SANGRE EN LA ESTRELLA DE LA REDENCIÓN: UNA APROXIMACIÓN CRÍTICA DESDE LA ANTROPOLOGÍA POLÍTICA DE HELMUTH PLESSNER
Authors: Navarrete Alonso Roberto
Published: December 2021

El estudio ofrece una aproximación crítica a la concepción de la comunidad por Franz Rosenzweig en La estrella de la redención a partir de la antropología política de Helmuth Plessner. En primer lugar, se presenta la crítica de Plesser al radicalismo social, así como a la impoliticidad del espíritu alemán y su paralelismo con el espíritu judío. En segundo lugar, se estudia el paso de Hegel und der Staat a La estrella a partir de la clave comunitaria. En tercer lugar, se estudia la diferencia entre comunidad de sangre y comunidad de fe en Rosenzweig, así como su traducción teológico-política en la distinción entre el pueblo eterno y los pueblos del mundo. Por último, a modo de conclusión, se pone de manifiesto la impoliticidad de la propuesta rosenzweiguiana, así como, por tanto, su incapacidad para dar una respuesta al problema político en Weimar, cuyas catastróficas consecuencias Rosenzweig no conoció.
Filozofija slomljenoga i praksa presloženoga
Authors: Matošević Andrea
Published: December 2021

U tekstu se analizira sadržaj eseja o Napulju i njegovim stanovnicima iz sredine 1920-ih godina koje je napisao naknadno utjecajni njemački marksistički filozof i ekonomist vrlo blizak Frankfurtskoj školi – Alfred Sohn-Rethel. Ključ za čitanje tih tekstova objedinjenih pod naslovom Napoli: filozofija slomljenoga [Napoli: la filosofia del rotto] nalazi se u ideji kako za Napolitance tehnika počinje raditi tek kada je “slome” i “podrede” vlastitoj kontroli; ta teza povezuje se s antropološkom teorijom bricolera Claudea Lévija-Straussa te se pritom ukazuje na koncept poroznosti koji u ono vrijeme ima i epistemološku važnost u kontekstu interpretacija talijanskoga juga. Naposljetku, sadržaj se autorovih eseja uspoređuje s dijelom politika i rezultata uvođenja tejlorističke “znanstvene organizacije” rada dvadesetih godina u talijansku i širu privredu.
Uždaros gyvenvietės Lietuvoje: teritorinės integracijos problema
Authors:   , Balčaitė Simona
Published: December 2021

Gated communities in Lithuania: the problem of territorial integration
As implicações das estratégias de motivação no Atendimento Educacional Especializado para a aprendizagem de alunos com deficiência intelectual em atividades da linguagem escrita em contexto digital
Authors: Silva Camila Barreto , Figueiredo Rita Vieira de
Published: December 2021

O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar as implicações de estratégias de motivação desenvolvidas por quatro professoras do Atendimento Educacional Especializado para a implicação significativa de oito estudantes com deficiência intelectual na resolução de problemas em contexto de software educativo. A investigação de natureza qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-ação foi realizada em quatro escolas da rede municipal de Fortaleza. Foram realizados oito procedimentos de coleta de dados, contudo, para a análise, nos reportaremos aos dados referentes aos encontros de formação inicial, as 80 sessões de intervenções desenvolvidas nas SRM, e aos encontros de interação entre pesquisadores e professoras. Dentre as estratégias de mediação destacam-se aquelas sobre o apelo à motivação. Essa categoria apresentou baixa emergência nas primeiras sessões de intervenção, mas significativa progressão posterior. Por outro lado, as estratégias de motivação apresentavam implicações sobre os desempenhos dos alunos, de modo que esses não mais desistissem de realizar as atividades e se sentissem encorajados a se engajar na resolução dos problemas no software.
Impact of coffee silverskin on in vitro viability of kefir culture during storage
Authors:   Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Bursa, Turkey, Ozmen-Togay Sine
Published: December 2021

Probiotic dairy products must contain a certain level of live probiotic microorganisms at the time of consumption. The number of live microorganisms in kefir culture, which is a mixture of different microorganisms, may change during storage due to various factors. In this study, the effects of adding a novel ingredient coffee bean membrane (CSS-coffee silverskin), on the viability of microorganisms contained in kefir culture were investigated. For this purpose, CSS obtained from 2 different coffee varieties (Arabica and Robusta) was added to kefir samples at 3 different concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) at the beginning of fermentation. It was observed that especially the addition of CSS belonging to the Robusta variety significantly increased the viability of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli and lactococci) which accounted for 88-94.10 and 82.37-92.44% respectively. During the storage period of 28 days at 4 °C; it could be observed that kefir enrichment with CSS of both coffee varieties increased the viability of lactobacilli and lactococci after in-vitro digestion, depending on the rate of supplementation. Number of yeasts was decreased during the storage.
Development of an enhanced scatter search algorithm using discrete chaotic Arnold’s cat map
Authors: Rafash Amaal Ghazi Hamad , Saeed Enas Mohammed Hussein , Talib Al-Sharify Mushtaq
Published: December 2021

Solving optimization problems is an ever-growing subject with an enormous number of algorithms. Examples of such algorithms are Scatter Search (SS) and genetic algorithms. Modifying and improving of algorithms can be done by adding diversity and guidance to them. Chaotic maps are quite sensitive to the initial point, which means even a very slight change in the value of the initial point would result in a dramatic change of the sequence produced by the chaotic map Arnold's Cat Map. Arnold's Cat Map is a chaotic map technique that provides long non-repetitive random-like sequences. 
Chaotic maps play an important role in improving evolutionary optimization algorithms and meta-heuristics by avoiding local optima and speeding up the convergence. This paper proposes an implementation of the scatter search algorithm with travelling salesman as a case study, then implements and compares the developed hyper Scatter Arnold's Cat Map Search (SACMS) method against the traditional Scatter Search Algorithm. SACMS is a hyper Scatter Search Algorithm with Arnold's Cat Map Chaotic Algorithm. Scatter Arnold's Cat Map Search shows promising results by decreasing the number of iterations required by the Scatter Search Algorithm to get an optimal solution(s). Travelling Salesman Problem, which is a popular and well-known optimization example, is implemented in this paper to demonstrate the results of the modified algorithm Scatter Arnold's Cat Map Search (SACMS). Implementation of both algorithms is done with the same parameters: population size, number of cities, maximum number of iterations, reference set size, etc. The results show improvement by the modified algorithm in terms of the number of iterations required by SS with an iteration reduction of 10–46 % and improvements in time to obtain solutions with 65 % time reduction
Determining the influence of the microstructure and phase composition of glass-metal-ceramic coatings on their basic physical-technical properties
Authors: Karasik Elena , Hordieiev Yurii
Published: December 2021

Given the development of new heat-resistant nickel alloys that operate at temperatures up to 1,250 °C, as well as the introduction of additive technologies for the production of various parts, it is a relevant task to devise new compositions of highly heat-resistant coatings.
Determining the influence of the phase composition of glass-metal-ceramic coatings on its basic properties could improve the effectiveness of protecting those parts that operate under extreme conditions. Therefore, it is promising to conduct a study aimed at establishing the relationship between the microstructure and phase composition of glass-metal-ceramic coatings and the main physical-technical characteristics.
This study's results have established that the most high-quality coatings were obtained on the basis of non-crystallizing glass. Such glass is characterized by a temperature coefficient of linear expansion of 92·10-7 degrees-1, a glass transition temperature of 625 °C, and surface tension of 260·10-3 N/m at 850 °C. These properties contribute to the formation of a defect-free coating, providing uniform spreading and high-quality adhesion to the substrate.
The resulting optimal coating is characterized by the adhesion strength of 98 %, the thermal resistance (mode 950↔20 °C) of 50 cycles, and the high heat resistance (a weight gain after 100 h in the temperature range of 1,000‒1,050 °C) of 0.03 g/m2·h.
Coatings with a minimum amount of glass bonding are distinguished by uniformity and high quality. The optimal ratio of phases "glass:metal-ceramic composition" is 10:90.
The structure of the recommended coating is uniform, characterized by the homogeneous distribution of components, the absence of cracks, visible defects, and high quality. The phase composition of the coating after firing is represented by crystals of metallic nickel and silicon, as well as a small amount of residual glass phase.