bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic lung disease in full‐term infants: Characteristics and neonatal intensive care outcomes in infants referred to children's hospitals
Authors: Mikhael Michel , Cleary John P. , Zaniletti Isabella , Truog William E. , Ibrahim John , DiGeronimo Robert , Cuna Alain , Kielt Matthew J. , Coghill Carl H. , Vyas‐Read Shilpa , Yallapragada Sushmita , Engle William A. , Savani Rashmin C. , Murthy Karna , Lagatta Joanne M. ,   Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC) Severe BPD Focus Group
Published: May 2022

Objective

To describe characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for death or tracheostomy with home mechanical ventilation in full‐term infants with chronic lung disease (CLD) admitted to regional neonatal intensive care units.

Study Design

This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of infants born ≥37 weeks of gestation in the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium.

Results

Out of 67,367 full‐term infants admitted in 2010–2016, 4886 (7%) had CLD based on receiving respiratory support at either 28 days of life or discharge. 3286 (67%) were still hospitalized at 28 days receiving respiratory support, with higher mortality risk than those without CLD (10% vs. 2%, p < 0.001). A higher proportion received tracheostomy (13% vs. 0.3% vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001) and gastrostomy (30% vs. 1.7% vs. 3.7%, p < 0.001) compared to infants with CLD discharged home before 28 days and infants without CLD, respectively. The diagnoses and surgical procedures differed significantly between the two CLD subgroups. Small for gestational age, congenital pulmonary, airway, and cardiac anomalies and bloodstream infections were more common among infants with CLD who died or required tracheostomy with home ventilation (p < 0.001). Invasive ventilation at 28 days was independently associated with death or tracheostomy and home mechanical ventilation (odds ratio 7.6, 95% confidence interval 5.9–9.6, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Full‐term infants with CLD are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. We propose a severity‐based classification for CLD in full‐term infants. Future work to validate this classification and its association with early childhood outcomes is necessary.
The roles of highly conserved, non‐catalytic residues in class A β‐lactamases
Authors: Chikunova Aleksandra , Ubbink Marcellus
Published: May 2022

Evolution minimizes the number of highly conserved amino acid residues in proteins to ensure evolutionary robustness and adaptability. The roles of all highly conserved, non‐catalytic residues, 11% of all residues, in class A β‐lactamase were analyzed by studying the effect of 146 mutations on in cell and in vitro activity, folding, structure, and stability. Residues around the catalytic residues (second shell) contribute to fine‐tuning of the active site structure. Mutations affect the structure over the entire active site and can result in stable but inactive protein. Conserved residues farther away (third shell) ensure a favorable balance of folding versus aggregation or stabilize the folded form over the unfolded state. Once folded, the mutant enzymes are stable and active and show only localized structural effects. These residues are found in clusters, stapling secondary structure elements. The results give an integral picture of the different roles of essential residues in enzymes.
An update on the current status and future prospects of erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Asker Heba , Yilmaz‐Oral Didem , Oztekin Cetin Volkan , Gur Serap
Published: May 2022

Background

Radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation treatment are standard options for localized prostate cancer. Even though nerve‐sparing techniques have been increasingly utilized in RP, erectile dysfunction (ED) due to neuropraxia remains a frequent complication. Erectile function recovery rates after RP remain unsatisfactory, and many men still suffer despite the availability of various therapies.

Objective

This systematic review aims to summarize the current treatments for post‐RP‐ED, assess the underlying pathological mechanisms, and emphasize promising therapeutic strategies based on the evidence from basic research.

Method

Evaluation and review of articles on the relevant topic published between 2010 and 2021, which are indexed and listed in the PubMed database.

Results

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, intracavernosal and intraurethral injections, vacuum erection devices, pelvic muscle training, and surgical procedures are utilized for penile rehabilitation. Clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of erectogenic drugs in this setting are conflicting and far from being conclusive. The use of androgen deprivation therapy in certain scenarios after RP further exacerbates the already problematic situation and emphasizes the need for effective treatment strategies.

Conclusion

This article is a detailed overview focusing on the pathophysiology and mechanism of the nerve injury developed during RP and a compilation of various strategies to induce cavernous nerve regeneration to improve erectile function (EF). These strategies include stem cell therapy, gene therapy, growth factors, low‐intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy, immunophilins, and various pharmacological approaches that have induced improvements in EF in experimental models of cavernous nerve injury. Many of the mentioned strategies can improve EF following RP if transformed into clinically applicable safe, and effective techniques with reproducible outcomes.
New qPCR protocol to detect Diplodia corticola shows phoretic association with the oak pinhole borer Platypus cylindrus
Authors: Muñoz‐Adalia Emigdio Jordán , Meijer Andreu , Colinas Carlos
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Botryosphaeria canker (causal agent: Diplodia corticola) is considered one of the most important diseases of cork oak (Quercus suber) stands since it necrotizes the subero‐phellodermic layer preventing cork regeneration after harvesting. One of the most intriguing etiological issues of this disease is its plausible spreading through trunk borer insects. In this study, we highlight the phoretic relationship between D. corticola and the oak pinhole borer Platypus cylindrus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) which massively colonizes debarked cork oaks in southern Europe. We extracted DNA from 154 adults of P. cylindrus collected in six cork oak stands in north‐eastern Spain during the summer of 2021. We developed a new nested quantitative PCR‐based protocol for quick detection of D. corticola carried by insects.

RESULTS

The use of real time amplification of a highly specific mitochondrial marker allowed us to detect spore loads down to a single conidium within the first 29 cycles of qPCR. The 29.62% of insect pools (corresponding to 31.16% of studied insects) resulted in an estimated spore load higher than one conidium/insect, with a moderate value of mean spore load for the whole dataset (~33 conidia/insect). Estimated spore load was significantly higher in May and August, regardless of insect abundance in the field.

CONCLUSION

This study provides new tools for diagnosis of this emergent pathogen that would be useful for developing monitoring strategies and epidemiological studies. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A novel virtual cutting method for deformable objects using high‐order elements combined with mesh optimisation
Authors: Wang Monan , Ma Yuzheng , Liu Fengjie
Published: May 2022

Background

Virtual cutting of deformable objects plays an important role in many applications, especially in digital medicine, such as soft tissue cutting in virtual surgery training system.

Methods

We developed a novel virtual cutting algorithm, combined with mesh optimisation. A new local mesh processing method is used to control the number and quality of the elements created during the cutting process. At the same time, high‐order tetrahedral elements are used to fit the cutting surface and reduce the mesh size.

Results

In this paper, single cut, multiple cut and intersecting cut are performed on the mesh model, combined with a force feedback device, and the result obtained is that the visual feedback is higher than 30 Hz, and the tactile feedback is 800∼1000 Hz.

Conclusions

Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively eliminate low‐quality elements and control the mesh size, thereby ensuring real‐time simulation.
Promoting equity in the peer review process of journal publication
Authors: Bancroft Senetta F. , Ryoo Kihyun , Miles Monica
Published: May 2022

While there is evidence to support the existence of identity‐based disparities, inequities, and biases in the academic journal peer‐review process, little research supports the presence of this bias in the peer‐review process for academic journals in science education. Through an analysis of six leading journals in science education, we aimed to investigate the extent to which diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), as well as the presence of bias in the peer‐review process, are addressed by these journals. We analyzed trends in the gender/sex, geographical affiliation, race/ethnicity, and the presence of equity‐centered research focus for members of these journals' editors and editorial boards. We found that although gender/sex is well‐balanced in these journals' editors and editorial boards, they are typically North American centric, and White individuals are overwhelmingly represented. Four journals had a quarter or more of individuals who pursue equity‐centered research. Only two journals provided detailed information on how manuscripts are reviewed in their author submission guidelines. All used a double‐blind approach to peer‐review. One of the journals includes an explicit position on DEI. Based on the analyses and reflections on our own experiences, we recommend science education journals consider ways to probe whether bias does exist in their peer‐review process, diversify their board to be more inclusive of scholars from communities historically marginalized, and move to a triple‐blind approach to their peer‐review process as mechanisms to mitigate bias in the journal peer review.
Burden of Treatment in Vulval Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: O’Grady Ciara , O’Connor Cathal , Al Moosa Aysha , Murphy Michelle , Nic Dhonncha Eilis
Published: May 2022

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis predominantly affecting the anogenital region, which can have significant impact on quality of life. Burden of treatment (BOT) is defined as the workload of healthcare experienced by patients and consequences on well-being. In this prospective study, 35 women with vulval LS completed a detailed Treatment Burden Questionnaire to assess their BOT. Nineteen (54.3%) achieved a score of 35 or less, signifying low BOT; ten (28.6%) between 36 and 65, signifying moderate BOT; and six (17.1%) above 65, signifying high BOT. Seven (20%) patients reported BOT scores of greater than 59, which has been designated as a cut-off for increased risk of treatment-related burnout. Higher BOT scores were moderately correlated with higher DLQI scores (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). BOT in LS is low for most patients, although a minority are at risk of treatment-related burnout. BOT should be considered when forming treatment guidelines for LS.
Novel Naphthalimide‐Based Self‐Assembly Systems with Different Terminal Groups for Sensitive Detection of Thionyl Chloride and Oxalyl Chloride in Two Modes
Authors: Han Qingqing , Wang Qingqing , Wu Huijuan , Ge Xuefei , Gao Aiping , Bai Yifan , Gao Siyu , Wang Guixia , Cao Xinhua
Published: May 2022

Two novel naphthalimide derivatives‐based chemosensors with the terminal groups of ethanediamine and 1,3‐diaminopropane (1 and 2) were designed and synthesized. Two compounds exhibited obvious solvatochromism properties. They could respond to some kinds of acyl chlorides through reaction with the ethylenediamine group and propylene diamine group at 4‐site. It was found that they had different response performance due to their different terminal groups. Compound 1 could sensitively detect thionyl chloride (SOCl2) and oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2) with the low limit detection (LOD) of 29.54 nΜ and 151.6 pM in the solution state, respectively. Moreover, film 1 could also respond to the abovementioned acyl chloride gases with LOD of 35.5 and 91.98 ppb, respectively. It was different that compound 2 could selectively detect (COCl)2 with a low LOD of 243.4 pM and 35 ppb for its solution and film state, respectively. NMR and HRMS experiments well demonstrated that the different detection mechanism occurred on two sensors. From this work, it was concluded that the little difference between the terminal reaction sites of naphthalimide greatly affected the detection performance, which would open a window for design functional self‐assembly sensors for acyl chlorides based on naphthalimide derivatives.
Pyrazolyl‐Benzoxazinone Derivatives as Dual Hsp Inhibitors in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Koca İrfan , Kamaci Volkan , Özsoy Ceylan , Sert Yusuf , Kani İbrahim , Tutar Lütfi , Tutar Yusuf
Published: May 2022

Heat Shock Proteins (Hsps) play major role on the onset of several cancers. Metabolic rates of cancer cells are higher compared to that of untransformed cells. This accelerated rate force functional substrate proteins to fold faster than normal folding rate. Although, the process leads cell cycle halting and eventually induces apoptosis, Hsps help cell survival and inhibit apoptosis and fold substrate proteins especially signaling proteins. When cancer cells accelerate the metabolism for invasion and metastasis, substrate proteins must fold to their native state rapidly. Since, functional forms of the proteins must be folded properly, cancer cells overexpress Hsps to fold substrate proteins and avoid apoptosis. Hsp90 and Hsp70 play key role in these processes. Inhibition of either Hsp90 or Hsp70 display complementary function. Therefore, dual inhibition of Hsp70 and Hsp90 potentially provides anticancer affect. In silico studies showed that pyrazolyl‐benzoxazine derivatives display binding activity for both Hsps. For this purpose, pyrazole‐3‐carbonyl chloride were converted to pyrazolyl‐benzoxazine derivatives via reactions of anthranilic acids in good yields (68–83 %). The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR‐NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Binding of the compounds inhibit function of Hsps and cause cytotoxic effect over MCF‐7 cells. The compounds display potential anticancer effects.
Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking, Acetylcholinesterase and α‐Glycosidase Inhibition Profiles of Nitrogen‐Based Novel Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Gulcin İlhami , Petrova Olga V. , Taslimi Parham , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Gusarova Nina K. , Trofimov Boris A. , Tuzun Burak , Farzaliyev Vagif M. , Alwasel Saleh , Sujayev Afsun R.
Published: May 2022

In this study, a series of nitrogen‐based novel heterocyclic compounds were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectra. The novel synthesized nitrogen‐based novel heterocyclic compounds were evaluated against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α‐glycosidase enzymes. These compounds showed IC50 values in range of 0.76–28.04 μM against AChE as a cholinergic enzyme, and 26.10–82.17 μM against α‐glycosidase as a hydrolytic enzyme. On the other hand, they demonstrated Ki values between 1.25±0.22–25.36±4.72 μM against AChE, and 25.07±4.57–78.55±17.04 μM against α‐glycosidase enzymes. The synthesized nitrogen‐based novel heterocyclic compounds exhibited effective inhibition profiles against both indicated metabolic enzymes. These results may contribute to the development of new drugs particularly to treat some disorders, which widespread display in the world including Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. Furthermore, molecular docking calculations were made to compare the theoretical biological activities of nitrogen‐based novel heterocyclic compounds against proteins including enzymes. After these calculations, ADME/T analysis was performed to examine the drug properties of nitrogen‐based novel heterocyclic compounds.
Structural Modification Engineering of Si Nanoparticles by MIL‐125 for High‐performance Lithium‐ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Huanhuan , Liu Yu , Zhao Jie , Peng Xianhao , Ren Yufan , Wei Xijun , Song Yingze , Cao Zhiqin , Wan Qi
Published: May 2022

Si‐based anode electrodes stand out for its excellent capacity among the numerous anode electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries. However, there is still a problem that the volume expansion from the alloying reaction of Li and Si often leads to structural collapse and rapidly capacity degradation. Here, Si nanoparticles (Si NPs) are coated via metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) derived skeleton to buffer its volume expansion, thereby improving electrochemical properties. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to revealed morphology and structure of the composite material. The results demonstrate that the structure of the prepared composite is Si NPs encapsulated in the unique carbon skeleton. The as‐prepared Si@MIL‐125‐500 exhibits excellent electrochemical performances with an excellent reversible capacity of 304.3 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 even after 400 cycles. In addition, the initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) reached up to 86 %. The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the distinctive structure of the carbon coated Si NPs and stable titanium(IV) center site, which has improved the electrical conductivity and cycling stability of Si NPs. Moreover, the empty space inside the MOF's carbon skeleton can release the volume strain of Si during electrochemical process. There is an improvement of electrochemical properties for LIBs due to Si NPs restricted in MIL‐125.
Tailoring the d‐Band Centers of Perovskite Oxides for Electrochemical Ozone Production
Authors: Zheng Haiyang , Gao Yijing , Wang Xiaosa , Shi Huaijie , Gu Yu , Jiang Wenbin , Liu Jia , Li Suiqin , Li Aiyuan , Wang Shibin , Wang Jianguo , Zhong Xing
Published: May 2022

Ozone is one of the most powerful oxidants for disinfection and sterilization. Water electrolysis represents an attractive method for electrochemical ozone production (EOP). Looking for highly active and cost‐effective alternative electrocatalysts to replace toxic PbO2 on the anode of the EOP electrolyzer is important. Here, a series of scalable, low‐toxicity ABO3 perovskite electrocatalysts was successfully synthesized, and their EOP performances were evaluated on the basis of their d‐band center values. Experimental results show that the gaseous ozone output of PrCoO3 is almost 1.3 times higher compared with that of commercial β‐PbO2. Theoretical calculations indicate that the volcanic‐type EOP performance of ABO3 can be attributed to the d‐band center of Co modified by lanthanide elements. Moreover, PrCoO3 demonstrates a remarkable performance in the electrodegradation of various organic pesticides and antibiotics, revealing potential application in advanced oxidation processes.
Synthesis, Structure, and Theoretical Study of Trifluoromethyl Derivatives of the IPR Isomer of C84 Fullerene, C84(11)(CF3)10,12,14
Authors: Tamm Nadezhda B. , Fritz Maria A. , Romanova Natalia A. , Goryunkov Alexey A. , Troyanov Sergey I.
Published: May 2022

C84 is the most abundant higher fullerene which is present in the arc‐discharge fullerene soot. Among 24 topologically possible Isolated‐Pentagon Rule isomers of C84, two major isomers, C84(22) and C84(23), and several minor ones have been identified experimentally. We report the synthesis, HPLC isolation, and synchrotron X‐ray structure elucidation of trifluoromethyl derivatives of the most abundant minor isomer of C84, C84(11)(CF3)10,12,14. The experimentally determined addition patterns are discussed in terms of the attachments in ribbons of edge‐sharing para C6(CF3)2 hexagons and the uniform distribution of CF3 groups on the C2‐C84(11) carbon cage. A general scheme of C84(11) trifluoromethylation pathways was proposed on the basis of theoretical DFT calculations of formation energies. Thus, trifluoromethylation pathways are now discussed in details for five different isomers of C84.
Single‐Step Synthesis of Exfoliated Ti3C2Tx MXene through NaBF4/HCl Etching as Electrode Material for Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Ghosh Meena , Szunerits Sabine , Cao Ning , Kurungot Sreekumar , Boukherroub Rabah
Published: May 2022

Two‐dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene, derived from the parent Ti3AlC2 phase, is considered a promising electrode material for electrochemical energy storage applications. Ti3C2Tx MXene synthesis methods often employ concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF), which is harsh, corrosive, and hazardous to the environment. Herein, we report the preparation of Ti3C2Tx MXene following a new synthetic route under a mild reaction condition comprising an aqueous solution of NaBF4 and HCl. This etching environment at a moderate temperature of 130 °C effectively removes the Al layer of the Ti3AlC2 precursor, assisted by the in situ formed HF in the reaction medium. Electron microscopy images of the as‐prepared Ti3C2Tx (MX‐130) reveal a partially exfoliated nanosheet‐like morphology. The material displays a specific capacitance of 262 F g−1 (three‐electrode assembly, 1 A g−1, −0.85 to −0.25 V vs. Hg/Hg2SO4) in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The achieved specific capacitance is superior to that of Ti3C2Tx prepared via the common HF‐treatment (25 F g−1). Additionally, the potential application of the optimized MXene as a negative electrode material is demonstrated in a quasi‐solid‐state RuO2|MX‐130 asymmetric supercapacitor device.
Design, Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of New Phenoxyalkyl, Phenoxyethoxyethyl and Phenoxyacetyl Derivatives of Aminoalkanols
Authors: Pańczyk‐Straszak Katarzyna , Rapacz Anna , Marona Henryk , Żelaszczyk Dorota , Karczewska Elżbieta , Zając Martyna , Skiba‐Kurek Iwona , Siwek Agata , Waszkielewicz Anna
Published: May 2022

Forty new aminoalkanol derivatives with potential anticonvulsant activity were designed and synthesized. In vivo studies (mice, intraperitoneal administration) showed anticonvulsant activity (maximal electroshock seizure test, MES test) of nineteen compounds, (ED50 values and protective indices PI ranging 22.62–78.30 mg/kg b.w. and 1.78–4.25, respectively). Compounds 30 (R,S‐1‐((2‐(2‐(2‐chloro‐5‐methylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)amino)propan‐2‐ol), 31 (R,S‐2‐((2‐(2‐(2‐chloro‐5‐methylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)amino)propan‐1‐ol) and 33 (S enantiomer of 31) showed relatively low ED50 values (26.45–34.26 mg/kg b.w.) accompanied by PI indexes above 3. Compounds 30 and 31 were investigated in terms of mechanism of action (5‐HT1A receptors binding assay and in silico database screening) and safety against gastrointestinal flora (both compounds proved safe). An integral part of the study was also a comprehensive structure‐activity relationship, including current and previously obtained results for aminoalkanol derivatives.
Suppression of Coffee‐Ring Effect in Air‐Processed Inkjet‐Printed Perovskite Layer toward the Fabrication of Efficient Large‐Sized All‐Printed Photovoltaics: A Perovskite Precursor Ink Concentration Regulation Strategy
Authors: Chalkias Dimitris A. , Mourtzikou Argyroula , Katsagounos Giannis , Karavioti Aggeliki , Kalarakis Alexandros N. , Stathatos Elias
Published: May 2022

Inkjet‐printing technology is anticipated to play a forefront role in the future prototyping of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enable their ultralow‐cost and scalable manufacturing. However, key inkjet challenges related to fluid dynamics should be first addressed to allow the fabrication of high‐quality printed materials and subsequently competitive photovoltaics to the established market. Herein, piezoelectric drop‐on‐demand inkjet‐printing is employed with the aim of developing high‐efficiency, stable, and reproducible large‐sized all‐printed perovskite modules under ambient atmospheric conditions. The focus of this work is put on the study of the influence of perovskite precursor ink concentration on the jet‐ability of the ink, on the wettability of the substrate by the ink, as well as on the characteristics of the inkjet‐printed perovskite layers and correspondingly of the PSCs. The results show that by employing a facile and universal perovskite precursor ink concentration regulation strategy, the coffee‐ring effect (recorded by in situ video microscopy) is greatly suppressed, leading to the fabrication of much better quality perovskite layers and correspondingly more efficient and stable photovoltaics. Finally, the development of all‐printed carbon‐based hole‐transport‐material‐free perovskite submodules is demonstrated, along with low upscaling efficiency losses (8.1%rel dec−1) and outstanding stability (<5% performance degradation after 1000 h of ageing).
A new method for the toughness assessment of mobile crane components based on damage mechanics
Authors: Li Dongsong , Könemann Markus , Dölz Michael , Münstermann Sebastian
Published: May 2022

The characterization of toughness properties in standard Charpy or fracture mechanics tests calls for thickness requirements to be met. Therefore, the characterization of toughness properties is a problem for thin‐walled structures. Replacing Charpy impact toughness testing by impact notch tensile testing can solve this problem. However, the toughness requirements are still expressed in terms of standard test results. Therefore, a framework is proposed here for translating these standard test requirements into impact notch tensile test requirements. The proposed framework relies on numerical simulations with a phenomenological damage mechanics model, which uses state‐of‐stress‐dependent, strain‐based criteria for the prediction of local damage and global fracture. This model takes the effects of non‐proportional strain paths into account and applies different criteria for cleavage and ductile fracture in order to predict correctly the activation of cleavage and ductile fracture mechanisms in the corresponding numerical simulations.
Accurate and timely diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis improves over time in Europe. An analysis of the EoE CONNECT Registry
Authors: Navarro Pilar , Laserna‐Mendieta Emilio J , Casabona Sergio , Savarino Edoardo , Pérez‐Fernández María Teresa , Ghisa Matteo , Pérez‐Martínez Isabel , Guagnozzi Danila , Perelló Antonia , Guardiola‐Arévalo Antonio , Racca Francesca , Betoré Elena , Blas‐Jhon Leonardo , Krarup Anne Lund , Martín‐Domínguez Verónica , Maniero Daria , Suárez Adolfo , Llerena‐Castro Ronald , de la Peña‐Negro Luisa , Navacerrada Alicia Granja , Pellegatta Gaia , Alcedo Javier , de Hurtado Mendoza‐Guena Lonore , Feo‐Ortega Sara , Barrio Jesús , Gutiérrez‐Junquera Carolina , Fernández‐Fernández Sonia , De la Riva Susana , E Navés Juan , Carrión Silvia , Ciriza de los Ríos Constanza , García‐Morales Natalia , Rodríguez‐Oballe Juan Armando , Dainese Raffaela , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Alba , Masiques‐Mas María Lluisa , Palomeque María Teresa , Santander Cecilio , Tamarit‐Sebastián Sonsoles , Arias Ángel , Lucendo Alfredo J
Published: May 2022

Background

Poor adherence to clinical practice guidelines for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been described and the diagnostic delay of the disease continues to be unacceptable in many settings.

Objective

To analyze the impact of improved knowledge provided by the successive international clinical practice guidelines on reducing diagnostic delay and improving the diagnostic process for European patients with EoE.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis of the EoE CONNECT registry based on clinical practice. Time periods defined by the publication dates of four major sets of guidelines over 10 years were considered. Patients were grouped per time period according to date of symptom onset.

Results

Data from 1,132 patients was analyzed and median (IQR) diagnostic delay in the whole series was 2.1 (0.7‐6.2) years. This gradually decreased over time with subsequent release of new guidelines (p < 0.001), from 12.7 years up to 2007 to 0.7 years after 2017. The proportion of patients with stricturing of mixed phenotypes at the point of EoE diagnosis also decreased over time (41.3% vs. 16%; p < 0.001), as did EREFS scores. The fibrotic sub‐score decreased from a median (IQR) of 2 (1‐2) to 0 (0‐1) when patients whose symptoms started up to 2007 and after 2017 were compared (p < 0.001). In parallel, symptoms measured with the Dysphagia Symptoms Score reduced significantly when patients with symptoms starting before 2007 and after 2012 were compared. A reduction in the number of endoscopies patients underwent before the one that achieved an EoE diagnosis, and the use of allergy testing as part of the diagnostic workout of EoE, also reduced significantly over time (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

The diagnostic work‐up of EoE patients improved substantially over time at the European sites contributing to EoE CONNECT, with a dramatic reduction in diagnostic delay.
Variation in eastern wild turkey nesting phenology at their northern range limit
Authors: Gonnerman Matthew , A. Shea Stephanie , Sullivan Kelsey , Kamath Pauline , Blomberg Erik
Published: May 2022

Limiting the potential for disturbance of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) breeding and nesting is often stated as a concern for management, particularly when associated with the spring hunting season. The timing of wild turkey nesting has been shown to vary with latitude, with spring phenology, and among individuals, but local information on nesting timing is needed to fully evaluate local harvest regulations. Our objectives were to characterize wild turkey nesting phenology and identify overlap with current hunting season timing and hunter effort in Maine, USA. We also identified sources of variation related to land cover and individual female characteristics such as body condition and pathogen infection status. Finally, we compared the temporal distributions of nest initiation across the 2 years of our study. We assessed nesting phenology of eastern wild turkeys (M. g. silvestris) in Penobscot, Hancock, and Cumberland counties, Maine, by monitoring females for nesting activity using VHF and GPS transmitters. During April–July 2018 and 2019, we located 69 nests from radiomarked females and 3 nests from unmarked females. Of the nests discovered, 56 were presumed first attempts, 12 were second attempts, and one was a third attempt. The median date of nest initiation (i.e., date first egg was laid) for first nests was April 27 in 2018 and May 5 in 2019. Females that nested in areas with greater residential and urban development initiated nests earlier than females that used more rural agricultural land covers. Despite a delay in the onset of nesting in 2019, the distribution of nest initiation among females did not change throughout the season. Our results indicate that the majority of male harvest occurred concurrently with egg laying. Thus, current hunting season timing likely limits risks associated with disturbance of mating. Given that Maine's wild turkey population is thought to be stable or increasing, our data support maintaining the current hunting season structure. However, breeding and nesting phenology of wild turkeys should continue to be monitored in relation to changing environmental conditions, trends in the turkey population, hunter numbers, and spring harvest, so that future changes can be incorporated into harvest management and decision making.
Landscapes and Landforms of the Chobe Enclave, Northern Botswana
Authors: Mokatse Thuto , Diaz Nathalie , Shemang Elisha , Van Thuyne John , Vittoz Pascal , Vennemann Torsten , Verrecchia Eric P.
Published: May 2022

The northern part of the ChobeEnclave (an administrative district of northern Botswana) is an agricultural area situated between relatively pristine national parks situated in the Middle Kalahari Basin. It belongs to the Linyanti-Chobe structural basin and constitutes a syntectonic depocenter formed within a large structural depression, known as the Okavango Graben, a tectonic structure of a likely trans-tensional nature. The landscape includes fossil landforms, such as sanddunes, pans, sand ridges, and carbonate islands resulting from palaeo-environmental and palaeo-drainage changes through the Quaternary and associated to (neo)tectonic processes. In addition to river- and wind-reworked Kalahari sands, the sediments include diatomites and carbonate deposits, forming inverted reliefs and originating from palustrine palaeo-environments. The Linyanti-Chobebasin is at the convergence of several ecoregions from tropical and subtropical grasslands to savannasand shrublandbiomes. The hydrological cycle in the northern ChobeEnclave is governed by a complex interplay between the Okavango, Kwando, and Upper Zambezidrainagebasins, which originate from tropical watersheds of the Angolan highlands. Finally, the widespread development of termite mounds impacts the diversity of soils and sediments of the northern ChobeEnclave, which is also reflected in the vegetation.
Adding flavor to the Narain ensemble
Authors: Datta Shouvik , Duary Sarthak , Kraus Per , Maity Pronobesh , Maloney Alexander
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We revisit the proposal that the ensemble average over free boson CFTs in two dimensions — parameterized by Narain’s moduli space — is dual to an exotic theory of gravity in three dimensions dubbed U(1) gravity. We consider flavored partition functions, where the usual genus g partition function is weighted by Wilson lines coupled to the conserved U(1) currents of these theories. These flavored partition functions obey a heat equation which relates deformations of the Riemann surface moduli to those of the chemical potentials which measure these U(1) charges. This allows us to derive a Siegel-Weil formula which computes the average of these flavored partition functions. The result takes the form of a “sum over geometries”, albeit with modifications relative to the unflavored case.
Off-shell cubic hypermultiplet couplings to $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 higher spin gauge superfields
Authors: Buchbinder Ioseph , Ivanov Evgeny , Zaigraev Nikita
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We construct manifestly 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric and gauge invariant off-shell cubic couplings of matter hypermultiplets to the higher integer spin gauge $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 multiplets introduced in arXiv:2109.07639. The hypermultiplet is described by an analytic harmonic 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superfield q+ with the physical component spins $$ \mathbf{s}=\left(\frac{1}{2},0\right) $$
s
=

1
2

0

and an infinite number of auxiliary fields. The cubic coupling constructed has the schematic structure $$ {q}^{+}{\hat{\mathrm{\mathscr{H}}}}_{(s)}^{++}{q}^{+} $$

q
+

ℋ
̂

s

+
+

q
+

, where $$ {\hat{\mathrm{\mathscr{H}}}}_{(s)}^{++} $$

ℋ
̂

s

+
+

is a differential analytic operator of the highest degree (s− 1) accommodating the massless gauge $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 multiplet with the highest spin s. For odd s the gauge group generators and couplings are proportional to U(1)PG generator of the internal SU(2)PG symmetry of the hypermultiplet and so do not exist if SU(2)PG is unbroken. If this U(1)PG is identified with the central charge of 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry, a mass for the hypermultiplet is generated and the odd s couplings vanish in the proper massless limit. For even s the higher-spin gauge transformations and cubic superfield couplings can be defined for both massive and massless (central-charge neutral) hypermultiplets without including U(1)PG generator. All these features directly extend to the case of n hypermultiplets with the maximal internal symmetry USp(2n) × SU(2).
Approximation Properties of the Sampling Kantorovich Operators: Regularization, Saturation, Inverse Results and Favard Classes in $$L^p$$-Spaces
Authors: Costarelli Danilo , Vinti Gianluca
Published: May 2022

In the present paper, a characterization of the Favard classes for the sampling Kantorovich operators based upon bandlimited kernels has been established. In order to achieve the above result, a wide preliminary study has been necessary. First, suitable high order asymptotic type theorems in$$L^p$$Lp-setting,$$1 \le p \le +\infty $$1≤p≤+∞, have been proved. Then, the regularization properties of the sampling Kantorovich operators have been investigated. Here, we show how the regularity of the kernel influences the operator itself; this has been shown for bandlimited kernels, or more in general for kernels in Sobolev spaces, satisfying a Strang-Fix type condition of order$$r \in \mathbb {N}^+$$r∈N+. Further, for the order of approximation of the sampling Kantorovich operators, quantitative estimates based on the$$L^p$$Lpmodulus of smoothness of orderrhave been established. As a consequence, the qualitative order of approximation is also derived assumingfin suitable Lipschitz and generalized Lipschitz classes. Moreover, an inverse theorem of approximation has been stated, allowing to obtain a full characterization of the Lipschitz and of the generalized Lipschitz classes in terms of convergence of the above sampling type series. These approximation results have been proved for not necessarily bandlimited kernels. From the above mentioned characterization, it remains uncovered the saturation case that, however, can be treated by a totally different approach assuming that the kernel is bandlimited. Indeed, since sampling Kantorovich (discrete) operators based upon bandlimited kernels can be viewed as double-singular integrals, exploiting the properties of the convolution in Fourier Analysis, we become able to get the desired result obtaining a complete overview of the approximation properties in$$L^p(\mathbb {R})$$Lp(R),$$1 \le p \le +\infty $$1≤p≤+∞, for the sampling Kantorovich operators.
The scent gland chemistry of Gagrellinae (Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae): evidence for sequestration of myrmicacin in a species of Prionostemma
Authors: Raspotnig Günther , Bodner Michaela , Blesl Julia , Viquez Carlos
Published: May 2022

The scent gland secretion of an undetermined species of Prionostemma from Costa Rica was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and shown to consist of medium-chain carboxylic acids (mainly octanoic acid) and a ß-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, eventually identified as myrmicacin (= (R)-3-hydroxydecanoic acid). While scent gland secretions in harvestmen have traditionally been considered to be products of de novo synthesis, we here provide evidence for the unusual case of sequestration-derived scent gland constituents: at least myrmicacin appears to be sequestered from leaf-cutter ants that constitute a part of the prey of the Prionostemma-species herein investigated. This is the first report on the scent gland chemistry of the sclerosomatid subfamily Gagrellinae as well as on a possible sequestration mechanism in harvestmen.
Detrital zircon ages from Archaean conglomerates in the Singhbhum Craton, eastern India: implications on economic Au-U potential
Authors: Frimmel Hartwig E. , Chakravarti Rajarshi , Basei Miguel A. S.
Published: May 2022

New U–Pb age and Hf isotope data obtained on detrital zircon grains from Au- and U-bearing Archaean quartz-pebble conglomerates in the Singhbhum Craton, eastern India, specifically the Upper Iron Ore Group in the Badampahar Greenstone Belt and the Phuljhari Formation below the Dhanjori Group provide insights into the zircon provenance and maximum age of sediment deposition. The most concordant, least disturbed 207Pb/206Pb ages cover the entire range of known magmatic and higher grade metamorphic events in the craton from 3.48 to 3.06 Ga and show a broad maximum between 3.38 and 3.18 Ga. This overlap is also mimicked by Lu–Hf isotope analyses, which returned a wide range in εHf(t) values from + 6 to − 5, in agreement with the range known from zircon grains in igneous and metamorphic rocks in the Singhbhum Craton. A smaller but distinct age peak centred at 3.06 Ga corresponds to the age of the last major magmatic intrusive event, the emplacement of the Mayurbhanj Granite and associated gabbro, picrite and anorthosite. Thus, these intrusive rocks must form a basement rather than being intrusive into the studied conglomerates as previously interpreted. The corresponding detrital zircon grains all have a subchondritic Hf isotopic composition. The youngest reliable zircon ages of 3.03 Ga in the case of the basal Upper Iron Ore Group in the east of the craton and 3.00 Ga for the Phuljhari Formation set an upper limit on the age of conglomerate sedimentation. Previously published detrital zircon age data from similarly Au-bearing conglomerates in the Mahagiri Quartzite in the Upper Iron Ore Group in the south of the craton gave a somewhat younger maximum age of sedimentation of 2.91 Ga. There, the lower limit on sedimentation is given by an intrusive relationship with a c. 2.8 Ga granite. The time window thus defined for conglomerate deposition on the Singhbhum Craton is almost identical to the age span established for the, in places, Au- and U-rich conglomerates in the Kaapvaal Craton of South Africa: the 2.98–2.78 Ga Dominion Group and Witwatersrand Supergroup in South Africa. Since the recognition of first major concentration of gold on Earth’s surface by microbial activity having taken place at around 2.9 Ga, independent of the nature of the hinterland, the above similarity in age substantially increases the potential for discovering Witwatersrand-type gold and/or uranium deposits on the Singhbhum Craton. Further age constraints are needed there, however, to distinguish between supposedly less fertile (with respect to Au) > 2.9 Ga and more fertile < 2.9 Ga successions.
Organizing the fragmented landscape of multidisciplinary product development: a mapping of approaches, processes, methods and tools from the scientific literature
Authors: Guérineau Julia , Bricogne Matthieu , Rivest Louis , Durupt Alexandre
Published: May 2022

The fourth industrial revolution is shaping a new industrial landscape. A variety of technologies related to software, information and communication technologies embody a ubiquitous digital and connectivity era. These technologies enable the creation of new products with the integration of connectivity, data collection and processing capacities which require combining engineering disciplines. Increasing product multidisciplinarity compels companies to adapt their product development practices. The scientific literature offers a variety of concepts and techniques to support multidisciplinary product development. This paper seeks to organize the landscape of concepts and techniques available for multidisciplinary product development. An extensive literature review was conducted, and 236 concepts and techniques were identified. Multidisciplinary products of interest deal with both software and hardware development and can be encountered through the denominations of cyber-physical systems, mechatronics and smart products and systems. An in-depth analysis led to the classification and mapping, for each product denomination, of the concepts and techniques available to support their development. The classification relies on a four-level model paired with a decision tree to thoroughly sort the variety of concepts and techniques into the approach, process, method, and tool levels. The mapping between the sorted concepts and techniques enabled the generation of graphical representations called cartographies. These cartographies serve to support companies’ transformation towards the fourth industrial revolution from the product development perspective by giving a general overview of the related literature, and guiding them in the identification of the most suitable approaches, processes, methods and tools.
The potential of remdesivir to affect function, metabolism and proliferation of cardiac and kidney cells in vitro
Authors: Merches Katja , Breunig Leonie , Fender Julia , Brand Theresa , Bätz Vanessa , Idel Svenja , Kollipara Laxmikanth , Reinders Yvonne , Sickmann Albert , Mally Angela , Lorenz Kristina
Published: May 2022

Remdesivir is a prodrug of a nucleoside analog and the first antiviral therapeutic approved for coronavirus disease. Recent cardiac safety concerns and reports on remdesivir-related acute kidney injury call for a better characterization of remdesivir toxicity and understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here, we performed an in vitro toxicity assessment of remdesivir around clinically relevant concentrations (Cmax 9 µM) using H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts, neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCM), rat NRK-52E and human RPTEC/TERT1 cells as cell models for the assessment of cardiotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, respectively. Due to the known potential of nucleoside analogs for the induction of mitochondrial toxicity, we assessed mitochondrial function in response to remdesivir treatment, early proteomic changes in NMCM and RPTEC/TERT1 cells and the contractile function of NMCM. Short-term treatments (24 h) of H9c2 and NRK-52E cells with remdesivir adversely affected cell viability by inhibition of proliferation as determined by significantly decreased 3H-thymidine uptake. Mitochondrial toxicity of remdesivir (1.6–3.1 µM) in cardiac cells was evident by a significant decrease in oxygen consumption, a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in lactate secretion after a 24–48-h treatment. This was supported by early proteomic changes of respiratory chain proteins and intermediate filaments that are typically involved in mitochondrial reorganization. Functionally, an impedance-based analysis showed that remdesivir (6.25 µM) affected the beat rate and contractility of NMCM. In conclusion, we identified adverse effects of remdesivir in cardiac and kidney cells at clinically relevant concentrations, suggesting a careful evaluation of therapeutic use in patients at risk for cardiovascular or kidney disease.
Rapid high-throughput compatible label-free virus particle quantification method based on time-resolved luminescence
Authors: Kopra Kari , Hassan Nazia , Vuorinen Emmiliisa , Valtonen Salla , Mahran Randa , Habib Huda , Jalkanen Pinja , Susi Petri , Hytönen Vesa , Hankaniemi Minna , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Kakkola Laura , Peurla Markus , Härmä Harri
Published: May 2022

Viruses play a major role in modern society and create risks from global pandemics and bioterrorism to challenges in agriculture. Virus infectivity assays and genome copy number determination methods are often used to obtain information on virus preparations used in diagnostics and vaccine development. However, these methods do not provide information on virus particle count. Current methods to measure the number of viral particles are often cumbersome and require highly purified virus preparations and expensive instrumentation. To tackle these problems, we developed a simple and cost-effective time-resolved luminescence-based method for virus particle quantification. This mix-and-measure technique is based on the recognition of the virus particles by an external Eu3+-peptide probe, providing results on virus count in minutes. The method enables the detection of non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, having over tenfold higher detectability for enveloped, dynamic range from 5E6 to 3E10 vp/mL, than non-enveloped viruses. Multiple non-enveloped and enveloped viruses were used to demonstrate the functionality and robustness of the Protein-Probe method.

Graphical abstract