bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variable Outcome of Viral Hepatitis Among Diabetes Patients and its High Prevalence
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Naeem , Hassan Ghulam , Hussain Sohail , Wali Agha
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study aims to assess the clinical and biochemical features of people with diabetes and acute viral hepatitis. Study Design: Prospective/Observational study Place and Duration: Conducted at Department of Gastroenterology Mayo Hospital Lahore, during from the period July 2021 to June 2022. Methods: Ninety-two diabetics participate in this study. The ages of the participants in the study covered the gamut from 24 to 70. Body mass index (BMI), place of residence, and level of education were collected after patients gave their informed consent. Comorbidities among all cases were assessed. Patients' vital signs and metabolic profiles were tracked continuously during their hospital stay. The analysis was done in SPSS 20.0. Results: The current study found that men were higher than women (p .009). Hepatitis E was by far the most common, followed by hepatitis B and A. We found decreased ALT 841.9±51.11 U/L and albumin levels 912.18±22.42 mg/dl, the average blood bilirubin levels of people with diabetes were significantly higher 20.117±9.251 mg/dl. 52 (56.5%) patients had smoking history. HTN, CLD and IHD was the most common comorbidities among all cases. The average length of time spent in the hospital was 25.8±5.61days. Frequency of died patients was 6 (6.5%). Conclusion: Among patients with diabetes and AVH, we discovered that ALT was lower, bilirubin was greater, the risk of liver failure was higher, and the length of hospital stay was longer. However, this mortality rate was 6.5% in diabetes patients. Keywords: Mortality, Clinical Outcomes, Acute Viral Hepatitis, Diabetes
The Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Uncontrolled Hypertension amongst Antihypertensive Medicines Taking Patients
Authors: Khan Asad Ullah , Falah Shaikh Fahad , Shah Syeda Anmol Saba , Llah Inam-U- , Aslam Aqsa , Anjum Ambreen , Shabnam Nadia , Iqbal Maira , Bangash Sudhair Abbas
Published: October 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how common uncontrolled HTN is among medicated hypertensive individuals in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Hayatabad Medical Complex from Jan 2022 to April 2022 Methods: Total 165 hypertensive patients of both genders were presented. Enrolled cases were aged between 18-80 years. Baseline detailed demographics included age, sex, body mass index and socio economic status were recorded. Frequency of anti-hypertensive medications and uncontrolled hypertension among all cases were assessed. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Result: Majority of the patients 95 (57.6%) were females and 70 (42.4%) were males. Mean age of the patients was 60.4±9.30 years and had mean BMI 30.3±17.85 kg/m2. 101 (61.2%) patients had poor socio-economic status. Frequency of married patients was 130 (78.8%) cases and 105 (63.6%) cases were non-educated. Mean duration of hypertension was 5.8±6.20 years. Most frequently used antihypertensive drug was combination therapy. Frequency of uncontrolled hypertension was found in 82 (49.7%) cases. Males, people older than 60, and smokers were more likely to experience uncontrolled hypternsion. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, anaemia, malignancy, and reflex or gastric reflux disease were all associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled hypternsion in individuals with comorbid illnesses (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, there is an urgent requirement for more productive measures aimed at enhancing HTN control. Patients with hypertension who also smoke cigarettes, have diabetes, have a poor education level, and have a body mass index that is greater than normal should be the focus of the efforts. Keywords: Un-controlled hypertension, Comorbidities, Anti-Hypertensive Medications, Risk Factors
Awareness of Oral Cancer Among Professionals Practcing General Medicine and General Dentistry in Lahore
Authors: Hanif Saba , Mirza Armaghan Israr , Firdous Saadia , Riaz Nabeela , Younas Samreen , Ahmad Zubair , Shakeel Zara
Published: October 2022

Objective: To inquire the oral cancer awareness among general medical and general dental professionalsand their knowledge of early detection and prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Study design: cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Oral and maxillofacial surgery Department King Edward Medical University from 5th November 2019 to 5th February 2020. Methodology: A questionnaire was given to dental and medical practitioners and their responses were included in the results. This study was done in three months’ period from 5th November 2019 to 5th February 2020 after ethical approval from institutional review board. Results:The questions were given back by 57 general medical practitioners and by 40 general dental practitioners, producing return rates of 38% GMPs and 26.66% GDPs respectively. The questions were answered by 93 GMPs and by 110 GDPs producing rates of 62% GMPs and 73.33% GDPs respectively. Conclusion: Patients suffering from oral pathologies often go to their general medical practitioner and dental practitioners. The number of patientsof squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity are rising in the Pakistan, hence general medical and general dental practitioners need to play significant role. This study talks mainly about the on the need for improvement in awareness about oral squamous cell carcinoma. Keywords: oral cancer, awareness, risk factors
Comparison of Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Pregnant Women with BMI ≤ 25 KG/M2 and > 25 KG/M2 at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Depar Asma Ali , Habib Hina , Hameed Nazneen , Shaikh Hiba Arshad , Altaf Aisha
Published: October 2022

Objective: To compare the frequency of maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant women with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and > 25 kg/m2 at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration: Study was conducted at Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Aga Khan University Hospital. Duration was six months after approval from 7th November, 2019 till 7th May 2020. Subjects and Methods: Data was prospectively collected from patients after taking a verbal consent. 201 patients who met the diagnostic criteria were included. Brief history was taken and demographic information was entered in the performa. Quantitative data was presented as simple descriptive statistics giving mean and standard deviation and qualitative variables was presented as frequency and percentages. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification. Post stratification chi square test and t test was applied taking p-value of ≤0.05 as significant. Results: A total of 201 patients were included in this study. Mean age in < 25 kg/m2 and > 25 kg/m2 BMI groups in our study was 27.21±6.24 years and 26.48±8.41 years. Out of 90 patients with BMI < 25kg/m2, 12.2%, 1.1%, 1.1%, 8.9%, 16.7%, 16.7%, 1.1%, 1.1% and 1.1% had gestational diabetes postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension, anemia, birth weight < 2500 gm, perinatal mortality, still birth and early neonatal death. Whereas out of 111 patients with BMI > 25kg/m2, 26.1%, 7.2%, 18%, 15.3%, 18.9%, 1.8%, 2.7% and 1.8% had gestational diabetes postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension, anemia, birth weight < 2500 gm, perinatal mortality, still birth and early neonatal death. Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor for maternal and fetal is evident from our study. Pre-pregnancy dietary counseling, regular physical activity, and a healthy lifestyle could help to reduce the incidence of gestational obesity and the incidence of perinatal complications as well. Keywords: Body Mass Index, Maternal Outcomes and Fetal Outcomes.
Frequency of Urological Carcinomas in Patients with Gross Haematuria
Authors: Malik Muzzamil Riaz , Saleem Amjad , Patujo Yassar Hussain , Khan Shaheer Ahmad , . Abdullah , Ali Sikandar
Published: October 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of urological carcinomas in patients with gross haematuria. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration : Department of Urology, PIMS Islamabad, from December, 2021 to May, 2022. Methods: There were one hundred and forty five patients with ages 20-55 years were presented in this study. All the included patients had blood in urine. After receiving informed written permission, detailed demographic information about the recruited patients, including age, gender, body mass index, and causes of haematuria, was compiled. Urine cytology and microscopy were used to rule out the presence of malignant cells in haematuria. Every time a cystoscopy or computed tomography (CT) scan was needed to monitor the health of our patients, we sent them for an ultrasound. Frequency of urological carcinomas was calculated. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all of the data in the study. Results: There were 90 (62.1%) males and 55 (37.9%) females in our study. Mean age of the patients was 41.8±5.54 years with mean BMI 24.5±4.76 kg/m2. 80 (55.2%) patients were literate. Most common cause was urinary tract infection found in 50 (34.5%) cases, trauma in 45 (31.03%), urolithiasis in 30 (20.7%) cases and smoking in 20 (13.8%) patients. Prevalence of urological carcinoma was found in 27 (18.6%) cases. Conclusion: We found a significant incidence of urological carcinomas in our research. Gross haematuria was most often caused by urinary tract infection or trauma. Keywords: Urological carcinomas, Gross haematuria, Urinary tract infection
Effectiveness of Aspiration Under Ultrasound Guidance in Breast Abscess in Terms of Early Resumption of Breast Feeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Amin Akif , Ali Rang , Iqbal Atif , Hashmi Javaid Sajjad , Khattak Imtiaz Ahmed , Kamran Haider
Published: October 2022

Objective: Effectiveness of aspiration under ultrasound guidance in breast abscess in terms of early resumption of breast feeding. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Mardan Medical Complex and Teaching Hospital and Jinnah International Hospital, Abbottabad, from November, 2021 to April, 2022. Methods: There were a total of 140 female participants. The patients ranged in age from 16 to 50. After obtaining the patient's written consent, demographic information including age, weight, height, and body mass index were collected. Breast abscess diagnosed on clinical examination and ultrasound breast were included. Seventy patients were assigned to Group I and treated with percutaneous aspiration, whereas the same number were assigned to Group II and underwent incision drainage. Early breast feeding was restored in both groups and compared for their respective outcomes. The entire dataset was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: We observed that the percentage of patients in group I who were able to resume breast feeding was 61 (87.1%), and in group II was found in 42 (60%) patients. The level of comfort experienced by patients in group I 60 (85.7%), as compared to group II 35 (50%), was significantly greater. Conclusion: In this study, we came to the conclusion that percutaneous aspiration in breast abscess was successful and effective in comparison to incision drainage, with less problems and a high percentage of satisfaction among the women. Keywords: Incision drainage, Breast abscess, Percutaneous aspiration
Angiotensin 1 Converting Enzyme Encoding Gene Polymorphism in Renal Patients
Authors: Ali Sajid , Mehr Muhammad Tariq , Bilal Muhammad , Zubair Muhammad , Khan Ahmad Shamim , Mehmood Noreen
Published: October 2022

Background: Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by an angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is an important component of renin-angiotensin framework. Multifactorial chronic kidney disease includes risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, inherited factors, and diabetes. A genetic factor associated with premature signs of renal failure is predominantly increased arterial hypertension and albumin excretion, which add to the pathophysiological movement of disintegration in renal capacity. This enzymatic assay aimed to detect ACE levels in various renal patients compared with controls to confirm the relationship between ACE quality polymorphism and enzymatic ACE levels. Materials and Methods: The study population of our study included 56 patients with chronic kidney disease. Who was confirmed to have chronic kidney disease after being diagnosed in the dialysis ward of the tertiary care hospital. Results: A total of 56 chronic kidney disease were enrolled. Mean age of patients were 55.1±13.6. Among total recruited patients, 60% male patients and 40% were female patients. The HDL, and LDL were lower in chronic kidney disease patients than control group. While BMI, total cholestrol, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and ACE level were found higher in CKD patients than control group. The frequency of genotypes ACE II, ID, and DD in patients groups was 12 (12.43%), 28 (48.21%), and 17 (30.35%). Conclusion: Our study result indicates that the D allele is involved in the progression of chronic diseases. When we look at the frequency of I and D alleles it clearly shows that the frequency of the D allele is significantly higher in patients with CKD than the frequency of the I allele. Keywords: ACE, CKD, Renal patients, Polymorphism
How Poverty, Malnutrition and other Socioeconomic factors affect maternal health: a quantitative study from Lahore Pakistan
Authors: Malik Saba Ilyas A. , Shahzad Laila , Hussain Samar , Qurban Saima , Durrani Humaira , Naim Ashraf Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Background: Low socioeconomic status can increase the risk of unhealthy pregnancy results. In Pakistan malnutrition is a leading factor affecting health of pregnant females along fetus and is one of main cause of high maternal morbidity and mortality. One child out of four is victim of malnutrition here. Objective: The basic objective of this study is to determine the relationship between poverty and maternal health. There are many indicators that come under the umbrella of poverty which affects maternal heath such as socio-demographic, physical and mental wellbeing, medical and nutritional profile. Keeping these indicators under consideration, it becomes feasible to understand whether and how poverty affects maternal health. Methodology: A survey was conducted from May 2020 to end of June 2020 through a questionnaire consisting of 33 items. Population size was 200. It was hypothesized that 50% of the population will be under health stress. Important findings: The data collection and analysis showed 54.5% of population under study was health compromised due to poverty or low socioeconomic status. 61.8% of population specified improper diet as health issue that was the major reason behind their abortion/miscarriage/preterm labor. 57.2% of pregnant women were not satisfied with their diet plan. 48.6% of population faced psychological issues during gestation period and 59.3% of population faced financial crisis during pregnancy. Conclusion: It was concluded that poverty had negative influence on maternal health and is indicated by different factors like poor diet, poor physical and mental wellbeing, which resulted in adverse maternal outcomes. This issue needs to be addressed and health care services should be made equally available for all women at least cost. Keywords: poverty; low socioeconomic status; maternal health risk; pregnancy outcomes, risk-management
Frequency of Abruption and Associated Factors among Cases of APH
Authors: Deeba Farah , Khan Bushra , Imran Humaira , Zahra Sana , Syed Sadaf Zahra , Mustafa Rubina , Khan M. M.
Published: October 2022

Objective: To make a rough estimate of the frequency of abruption, its likely risk factors and its various complications, among the cases of APH in hospitalized patients. Design: Prospective descriptive study Setting: Obstetrical inpatients Department of Bakhtawar Hospital, Multan. Duration of study: 1 year (1/6/20 – 31/5/21) Subjects and Methods: Patients with objective evidence of placental abruption, were initially recruited and managed accordingly. Those cases in which abruption was a likely cause, were selected for the study purpose and other cases of APH were dropped from the study. Results: Frequency of abruption was 2.3% of all obstetrical admissions and about 32.7% (1/3 rd) of all cases of APH. The most likely risk factors identified were grand multiparity (46.1%), pregnancy induced hypertension (38.4%), advanced maternal age (43.5%) and previous history of abruption (12.8%). Majority (82%) of the patients belonged to lower socioeconomic class, with no proper antenatal care throughout pregnancy. In this class, increased obstetrical complications were due to anemia, trend of grand multiparity and too late approach to health care professional. Conclusion: The study addresses the frequency of abruption placenta, which is one of the serious obstetrical emergencies and timely aggressive management can reduce its complications. All professionals who care for women during pregnancy and child birth must be aware of it and have a clear plan in mind for its prompt diagnosis and management. Keyword: Frequency of abruption, APH, abruption placenta.
Assessment of Knowledge among Nurses Regarding Spread of Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Nazeer Zoya , Bano Arusa , Naz Rubina , Sohail Muhammad Ahmed , Amin Muhammad Asim
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Nosocomial infections, also described as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are illnesses that occur in hospitals or other healthcare settings. Infection obtained while receiving care and was not aware at the moment of hospitalization. Hospital - associated infection occurs when a client is taken to a hospital for a long or short term for particular treatment reasons but has no indication of infection time of admission. Nosocomial infections can always be microbial, prion, highly infectious, or parasitic, but they can be observed with in wind, inside the body, or on surfaces.(1) Objective: To assess the knowledge among nurses regarding spread of nosocomial infection. To identify association between knowledge about nosocomial infection and demographic variables of staff nurses. Place and duration: University Lahore teaching hospital Lahore, Pakistan. This study approximately took in 5 months (September, 2021 to January, 2022). The data is collected in 1 month. Methodology: A cross sectional study design was used in of University Lahore teaching hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Questionnaire distributed among staff nurses and data analyzed by SPSS software (version 21). All male and female Staff nurses having age20-60 years, who have more than one year working experience were included. Sample size of n=159 staff nurses were taken by using convenient sampling. Throughout the study, participants' identities were kept strictly confidential to ensure research participants protection. Results: The results of study show that 23.9% of individuals demonstrated excellent knowledge of nosocomial infection transmission. 46.5 percent of individuals had good knowledge about nosocomial infection spread, whereas 29.6 percent had poor knowledge about nosocomial infection spread. Conclusion: We concluded that nurses had a good knowledge regarding spread of nosocomial infection. Antibiotic resistance in emerging pathogens can be reduced by following sound and health care delivery techniques devised by infection control committees, preventing transmission of these illnesses with suitable antimicrobial usage methods. Keywords: Knowledge, nurses, nosocomial infection
A Preliminary Study to find the Pattern of Infectious Diseases in Buner
Authors: Naeem Muhammad , Ullah Fahad , Zahid Muhammad , Kousar Khalida , Akbar Fazal , Khan Zahid Ullah
Published: October 2022

Proper education of common men about the life threating infectious diseases in the surrounding is very much important in the modern therapeutic approaches. This study was carried out to find the most common devastating diseases in Buner region, the incidence and pattern of diseases were also determined. A total of 2354 hospital visited suspected patients were diagnosed for the presence of various infectious diseases in three main laboratories of District Buner (Riaz clinical laboratory, Azeem clinical laboratory and Bilal medical trust hospital laboratory). Out of total 2354 individuals 378 (16.05%) were positive for the infectious diseases. The major pathogenic disease in the studied area were Typhoid (salmonella typhi), H. pylori (helicobacter pylori), Malaria (Plasmodium), hepatitis C (hepatitis C virus) and hepatitis B (hepatitis B virus). Among the 378 patients screened for infectious diseases 243 (64.285%) were females and 135 (35.714%) were males. The incidence of each infections or diseases were maximum in the age group of 21-30 years old infected patients. The month wise distribution of each disease was different than the others. This study will attract the attention of government and non-government organizations towards the major health issues in Buner and would further encourage research work on these devastating diseases. The study will also uncover the involved disease factor and will help to control life threating diseases in future. Keywords: Infectious disease, Typhoid, H. pylori, Malaria
General and Covid Anxiety: Observing the Outcome under Same Umbrella of Vaccination
Authors: Zehra Tehzeeb , Yousaf Ammara , Ashraf Sehar , Mahmood Adil , Aamir Rahila , Tayyab Sarah
Published: October 2022

Background: Despite of our strong want, the datum is that the Covid-19 pandemic is still not over. Its physical and mental sufferings are well known. Mass vaccination is the true hope to eradicate this virus. Despite of large scale efforts, vaccination including boosters still needs optimization Aim: To see the effect of vaccination against covid-19 on general and covid-19 related anxiety so to endorse the continuation of vaccination until the virus is completely eradicated. Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Shifa International Hospital Islamabad from 1st October 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: Three hundred and thirteen subjects with recent history of Covid-19 vaccination were enrolled and 281 subjects completed the survey, asked to fill out CAS (covid-19 anxiety scale) and GAD-7 (general anxiety disorder) scale based on the recall of their feelings before vaccination and then about after vaccination. Results:. Majority were females (61.1%), had education graduation and above (71.2%), belonged to non-medical profession (71.4%). 47.3% had Covid-19 cases in family while 13.2% had covid-19 related deaths in family. Means of CAS were higher than the means of GAD-7 (p<0.001). Drop in anxiety level was statistically significant for both Covid related anxiety and general anxiety after vaccination (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vaccination against covid-19 is crucial to manage Covid related and general anxieties because, future covid waves hence the anxiety waves are still expected. Bereaved families need further psychiatric support beyond vaccination to deal with their anxieties. Keywords: Anxiety in covid, Vaccination and anxiety, Mental health in covid, Covid related anxiety
A Kap Study of Hepatitis Among Hepatitis Positive Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Mehwar , Abdul Maik Mohammad Hamza Bin , Rizwan Muhammad , Abdul Malik Muhammad Awais Bin , Saleem Rida , Khalid Faiza
Published: October 2022

Objective: To study prevalence and assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding hepatitis in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Southern Punjab. Method: The study was conducted at the medicine wards of Sheikh Zayed medical hospital, Rahim Yar Khan for three months from July till September 2021. The data was collected through a physical questionnaire which was divided into three sections relating to prevalence, prevention along with control and risk factors. The collected data was then analysed using SPSS version 26. Results: Out of 219 patients, there were 83 females (38.42%) and 133 males (61.57%). The mean age of the population was found to be 51.74 (15.51). Hepatitis C (86.1%) was found in the highest prevalence. 128 patients (59.2%) were chronic cases while 88 (40.7%) were acute. Regarding co-morbidities, 32.9% patients had diabetes type II (DM-II) and 31.5% of the patients had pre-existing primary hypertension (HTN). In terms of awareness, it was found that 122 (56.5%) attendants/patients were able to correlate their presenting symptoms with hepatitis. 129 (59.7%) of attendants showed some understanding about vaccination. Only the association between the attitude score among males and females was found to be statistically significant (p-value= .003). Conclusion: Despite increasing vaccination trends, hepatitis cases are still prevalent as the most common cause is HCV which has no vaccination. Good prognosis of HCV requires early detection which is rare as the public still lacks knowledge on its disease course and a proactive attitude. Keywords: KAP, Hepatitis C, Pakistan, South Punjab, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis Vaccination, Awareness, Vertical transmission, Hepatitis
Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Children with Fever and Fits Aged 6-59 Months Old
Authors: Ahmed Syed Moeed , Jan Pir , Zaman Saeed , Kakar Shams-Uddin , Shah Sajid Ali , Ali Shazia
Published: October 2022

Objective: To find out the frequency of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in children presented with fever and fits aged 6-59 months old. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done at The Department of Pediatric Medicine, Bolan Medical College/Hospital Quetta from September 2017 to February 2019. A total of 168 children, of either gender, aged between 6-59 months who presented with 1st episode of febrile seizure, and who arrived at emergency department within 12 hours of episode were included. Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained. Later, results were analyzed. Results: Of total 168 patients, 111 (66.1%) were male. The mean age was 27.19±13.80 months while the mean weight and frontooccipital circumference (FOC) was found 12.01 ± 2.05 kg and 48.68 ± 2.77 cm correspondingly. Twenty-four (14.3%) patients were diagnosed with ABM. The most common organism found among 11 positive CSF cultures was Streptococcus pneumonia in 6 (54.6%). Conclusion: Every clinician needs to thoroughly evaluate infants or young children after a simple febrile seizure. Lumber puncture can be done in every child if there is any suspicion of meningitis. Keywords: Acute bacterial meningitis, febrile seizures, fever, fits.
Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam in Refractory Seizures in Children
Authors: Rehman Zia ur , Noureen Nuzhat , Basit Abdul , Yousaf Muhammad
Published: October 2022

Objective: To assess efficacy and safety of Levetiracetam (LEV) as add-on therapy in children with refractory seizure. Methodology: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Paediatric Neurology, “The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Multan”, Pakistan from 15th January 2020 to 14th January 2021. Fifty children of aged 2 months to 14 years of both genders with refractory epilepsy were enrolled and received oral LEV. Data on LEV efficacy and side effects were recorded. The medication was considered as “effective” when all seizures had ceased within 3 months, “partially effective” when seizure frequency was decreased by ≥50% and “ineffective” when seizure frequency was decreased by < 50%.or seizure frequency remain unchanged during a period of 3 month. Results: Out of a total of 50 participants, there were 35 (70.0%) male. Mean age was 4.81±3.79 years while mean age at onset of seizures was 2.51±2.85 years. Most frequent type of seizures was generalized tonic clonic seizures in 19 (38.0%) patients followed by focal clonic seizures in 13 (26.0%) patients. Levetiracetam was effective in 14 (28%) patients, partially effective in 24 (48.0%) and not effective in 12 (24.0%) patients. Conclusion: Levetiracetam as add-on therapy reduced the seizure frequency in 76% of the participants without any significant side effects. Keywords: Levetiracetam, refractory seizure, epilepsy, add-on therapy, efficacy.
Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women
Authors: Majeed Mutayyaba , Farooq Sidra , Zaib Shah , Niazi Zehra , Rasheed Tuba
Published: October 2022

Aim: To determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Punjab. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad from 1st October 2021 to 31st March 2022. Methodology: One hundred and fifty pregnant females were enrolled, clinically assessed for their anemic status and were divided into two groups in reference to suspicion of anemia. Group A had those pregnant females who were suspected for anemia while group B were with no suspicion of anemia. Both Group A and Group B had 75 pregnant females. The complete blood count and serum analysis of ferritin, iron and folic acid was performed in each patient after withdrawal of 5cc blood. The demographic details of each patient as well as dietary habits in context of meat, fruit and vegetables from last month were also documented. Results: There were 37.3% pregnant females within suspected anemia group while 36% pregnant females in no suspected anemia group. The frequency of abortion was higher in group A than B with an odds ration as 1.17-1.18. There were more over weight and obese women in suspected anemia Group A while under-weight were more common in Group B. Pregnant females in Group A were consuming less amount of meat, fruit and vegetables than females in group B. The suspected anemia pregnant females blood analysis reports showed 74.6% been iron deficient in comparison with 41.3% non-suspected pregnant females Conclusion: Anemia was prevalent in both suspected and unsuspected group and 75% of the suspected anemia group were also iron deficient. Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia, Pregnancy, Hemoglobin, Incidence, Developing countries
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers Regarding Weaning and Occurrences of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children 6-60 Months
Authors: Nawaz Sofia , Parveen Najma , Farooq Sidra , Jaafar Sundas , Jafar Kinza , Nawaz Hamza
Published: October 2022

Aim: To evaluate the awareness and practices of mothers of infant’s age 6 to 60 months regarding weaning and its association with anaemia. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore from 1st November 2021 to 30th April 2022. Methodology: Four hundred forty mothers were enrolled. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data concerning knowledge attitude and practices of mothers of children between ages 6-60 months. Results: There is an association which is statistically significant of anaemia history of children with multiple factors like infant gender (p=0.008), child age (p=0.005), age of weaning start (p=0.051), infant feeding habit (p=0.022), dietary diversity relation (p=0.001), infant caregivers (p-=0.043), child history of Pica (p=0.013), food type and frequency intake (p=0.003) (both healthy and unhealthy foods). While, there was no significant association of healthy food with anaemia (p=0.077). Conclusion: Mothers had sufficient knowledge regarding weaning practices of infants. However late start of weaning infant feeding habits were contributory factors of iron deficiency anaemia among children. Keywords: Weaning, Iron deficiency anaemia, Mothers knowledge, Children under 5 years
La Famiglia Tellinidae Blainville, 1814, nel Plio-Pleistocene dell’Europa meridionale, parte seconda:i generi Asbjornsenia Friele, 1886, Strigilla W. Turton, 1822, Bosemprella M. Huber, Langleit & Kreipl, 2015, Fabulina Gray, 1851, Macomangulus Nordsieck, 1969, Oudardia Monterosato, 1884, Peronaea Poli, 1791, Peronidia Dall, 1900, Serratina Pallary, 1920, con descrizione di 3 nuove specie
Authors: Brunetti M. Mauro , Della Bella Giano
Published: October 2022

A second revision of the Plio-Pleistocenic taxa of the family Tellinidae Blainville, 1814 of southern Europe is presented, 15 species are illustrated and discussed of which 3 described for the first time. For the genus Asbjornsenia Friele, 1886: Asbjornsenia pygmaea (Lovén, 1846); for the genus Strigilla W. Turton, 1822: Strigilla etrusca Brunetti M. & Della Bella, 2003; for the genus Bosemprella M. Huber, Langleit & Kreipl, 2015: Bosemprella incarnata (Linnaeus 1758), for the genus Fabulina Gray, 1851: Fabulina fabuloides Monterosato, 1884; for the genus Macomangulus Nordsieck, 1969: Macomangulus exiguus (Poli, 1791), Macomangulus tenuis tenuis (Da Costa, 1778); for the genus Oudardia Monterosato, 1884: Oudardia compressa (Brocchi, 1814), Oudardia strigilata (Philippi, 1844), Oudardia pliorecens n. sp. of the Tuscan-Emilian Plio-Pleistocene; for the genus Peronaea Poli, 1791: Peronaea planata planata (Linnaeus, 1758); for the genus Peronidia Dall, 1900: Peronidia albicans (Gmelin, 1791), Peronidia iberica n. sp. of the Spanish Early Pliocene, Peronidia intermedia n. sp. of the Italian Early Pliocene; Peronidia transiens (Cerulli-Irelli, 1909); for the genus Serratina Pallary, 1920: Serratina serrata (Brocchi, 1814, Renier m.s.). Some one specimen with open nomenclature are also reported and illustrated: Macomangulus sp. 1 of the Piedmont Early Pliocene.
Desempenho de um trator agrícola com diferentes lastragens e carregamentos na semeadora
Authors: Martins Machado Thiago , Caneles Batista Jorge Matheus , De Oliveira Bizio Albertine , Vale Welington Gonzaga
Published: October 2022

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o gasto energético e desempenho operacional de um trator agrícola em função da variação da lastragem (relação peso/potência) e carga vertical na semeadora. Para mensuração dos dados de campo foram utilizados os seguintes equipamentos: encoder para patinagem, fluxômetro para consumo de combustível, célula de carga para força na barra de tração e receptor GPS para velocidade. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo 3 valores de relação peso/potência e 2 valores de carga vertical na semeadora adubadora. A análise estatística constituiu na análise de variância (ANOVA) e, quando identificados efeitos significativos, teste de médias (Tukey). Menores consumos específicos e efetivos foram observados nas menores relações de peso/potência. A semeadora com o reservatório cheio e aumento da relação peso/potência do trator impactou no aumento do consumo efetivo de combustível. As menores patinagens ocorreram com a aplicação de 50% da carga na semeadora e também com a maior relação de lastragem.
effect of giving tuna fish oil on feed on the productivity and quality of Isa brown chicken eggs
Authors: Rusnadi I Nengah Suar , Dewi G. A. M. Kristina , Sriyani N. L. P
Published: October 2022

This study aims to study the productivity and quality of Isa Brown chicken eggs given tuna fish oil in the ration. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 200 chickens with 4 treatments and 5 replications and each replication consisted of 10 chickens. P0 : Ration without the use of fish oil, P1 : Ration with the use of 0.25 % fish oil, P2 : The ration with the use of 0.50% fish oil, P3 : The ration with the use of 0.75% fish oil. The feed used is composed of feed ingredients, namely corn, bran, and KLS Super Plus. The variables observed included daily egg production, ration consumption, egg weight, egg index, egg pH, HU (haugh unit), egg yolk color, FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio), cholesterol in eggs. The results showed that the use of fish oil of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% in the ration gave significant results (P<0.05) on ration consumption, egg weight, egg pH, egg yolk color. The results were not significantly different (P>0.05) in daily egg production, egg index, HU (Haugh Unit), FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio), and egg cholesterol.
El pensamiento de José Carlos Mariátegui
Authors: Flores José Humberto
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo se analiza el pensamiento del peruano José Carlos Mariátegui expresado en cinco pilares fundamentales: El problema del indio como problema nacional, La necesidad del socialismo creativo, La importancia de la escena contemporánea, El americanismo como proceso identitario y La cultura y la política como referentes vanguardistas. Este trabajo será presentado en dos entregas: en la primera parte se expondrá El problema del indio como problema nacional. Luego, en la segunda parte, se tratarán los otros cuatro pilares fundamentales.
Los siete saberes necesarios para la educación del futuro.
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo
Published: October 2022

Los siete saberes necesarios para la educación del futuro, No. 8 junio 2006
RELACIÓN DEPRESIÓN Y APOYO SOCIAL PERCIBIDO EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA EN EL CONTEXTO DE CONDUCTAS SUICIDAS
Authors: Martínez-Esquivel Daniel , Quesada-Carballo Patsy , Quesada-Rodríguez Yerlin , Muñoz-Rojas Derby , Solano-López Ana Laura
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre depresión y apoyo social percibido en estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de las conductas suicidas.

Método: análisis secundario de datos de un estudio previo. Muestra censal en estudiantes de enfermería de Costa Rica. Recolección de datos realizada por LimeSurvey durante el 2020 con una encuesta autoadministrada compuesta de sección de datos sociodemográficos, inventario de depresión de Beck-II y escala multidimensional de apoyo social percibido. Se utilizó análisis descriptivo y correlación de Pearson.

Resultados: la mayoría era del género femenino (79,5%), con un promedio de 22,15 años. El 85,8% manifestó un nivel mínimo-leve de depresión, el 92,2% evidenció un apoyo social percibido alto. Se identificó una correlación inversa significativa entre nivel de depresión y apoyo social percibido (r=-0.44, p<0.01).

Conclusión: se amplía la comprensión de condiciones de salud mental desde la ciencia de enfermería que podría mejorar las prácticas de cuidado en un grupo específico.
Жерлеу орындарындағы суреттердің сакралды семантикасы (Маңғыстау аймағы мысалында)
Authors: Нұрдәулетова Б.И. , Нұржан А.С.
Published: October 2022

Құлпытастардағы жазбалардың сыры өте тереңде жатыр. Ғалымдар эпитафияның отаны Ежелгі Греция деп санайды. Терминнің өзі гректің ἐπιτάφιος (epitaphios) – «қабір үстіндегі» деген сөзінен шыққан. Бастапқыда соғыста опат болған жауынгердің басында айтылатын арнау сөздер кейін  олардың қабір тастарына ойып жазылатын эпитафияларға айналды.

Құлпытастарға марқұм туралы жазбалар қалдырып отыру – ежелгі Шумер, Вавилон, Парсы, Египет мәдениетінде де бар үрдіс.

Ежелгі Мысыр перғауындарын жерлеген пирамидалардың ішкі қабырғасына қашалып жазылған «Пирамида мәтіндері», Орта патшалық кезіндегі саркофагтарға жазылған «Саркофаг мәтіндері», Жаңа патшалық кезеңінен Ежелгі Мысыр тарихына дейінгі жерлеу мәтіндерін қамтитын «Өлілер кітабы» - жазба мәдениеттің алғашқы баспалдағы болып табылады. Олай болса, адамзаттың жазуға деген сұранысы  о дүние мен бұл дүниені байланыстыруға арналған қабір басындағы мәтіндерді туғызды.

Түркілердің Білге қаған, Тоныкөк, Естеміс қаған тәрізді айтулы тұлғаларының құлпытастарында қашап қалдырған жазбалары эпитафия жанрының ең шырқау биігін танытса керек.

Біздің мақаламыздың ерекшелігі сол, бұнда құлпытастар мен сағана, кереге там, кесене қабырғаларындағы суреттер де эпитафияға жатқызылып, киелі мәтін ретінде талданады.

Мәтінге тән тақырып, ақпарат беру, хабар алмасу, тілдік және тілден тыс байланыс, таным, эмоция, экспрессия, тіпті адресат факторы да суреттердің сакралды болмысымен анықталады. Жерлеу орындарындағы суреттер туралы тарихи-этнографиялық, археологиялық зерттеулер бар, дегенмен қабірүсті суреттерді жүйелі мәтін ретінде қарастырып, әдеби-тілдік, танымдық аяда зерттеудің де қажеттілігі сөзсіз. Себебі қабірүстіндегі суреттер ерте замандардағы адамдардың мифологиялық таным-түсінігін, кейінгі замандағы қоғамдық ортаның тұрмыс-тіршілігін, өмір мен өлім туралы философиялық, діни көзқарастарын бейнелейтін тұтас мәтін деуге болады. 

Мақалада қазіргі әдебиеттану, мәтінтану ғылымында эпитафияға берілген анықтамаларға, эпитафияның жанрлық сипаты мен мәтіндік ерекшелігі туралы көзқарастарға талдау жасалынады.

Ерте дүниедегі қабірүсті жазбалары мен сурет-бейнелері және кейінгі дәуірлердегі жерлеу орындарындағы суреттер (петроглифтер) салыстырылады, түркі халықтарына тән таным-түсінік, оның қазақ халқының салт-дәстүрінде сақталған іздері қабірүсті суреттері арқылы түсіндіріледі. Қабірүсті суреттері тұтас мәтін ретінде адресат факторымен байланысты қаралады.
МАҒЖАН МЕН ЧОЛПАН ШЫҒАРМАШЫЛЫҒЫНДАҒЫ ОРТАҚ САРЫНДАР
Authors: Бейсенұлы Ж. , Шаймерденова К.Қ. , Мамаева Г.Б.
Published: October 2022

Аңдатпа. Түркі халықтарының өзара интеграцияға ұмтылу тенденциялары -  рухани саламызда зор өзгерістердің белең алуына мұрындық болуда.  Қазіргі заманның осындай жаңа, соны лебі есіп тұрған жағдайда қазақ әдебиетінің басқа әдебиеттермен байланыстарының ішінде көрші әрі туыс өзбек әдебиетімен байланысының орны ерекше екені айқын. Бір тамырдан бастау алатын қазақ және өзбек әдеби байланыстары туралы арнайы зерттеуді қолға алу қажет. Қазақ және өзбек халықтарының ортақ әдеби мұраларын салыстырмалы түрде қарастыруда, ұқсас сөз өнерінің генезисі мен типологиясын зерттеуде әлі де бажайлап қарастыратын мәселелер аз емес.

Түркі әлемінің қоғамтану және гуманитарлық ғылым саласы мамандарының басты міндетінің бірі – әлемнің барлық түркі тілдес халықтарының тарихын, мәдениеті мен әдебиетін зерттеу. Олардың тарихи-мәдени өзара байланыстарын және қазіргі кезеңдегі өзара ықпалдастығын ашу өте маңызды. Қазақстанның туыс түркі елдерімен тарихи-мәдени байланыстарын зерттеу – Қазақстанның қоғамдық-гуманитарлық ғылымының өзекті мәселелерінің бірі .

Бұл тақырыптың өзектілігі – ұлттық әдебиеттің тарихы үшін үлкен маңызы бар  Орта Азияның аймақтық әдеби байланыстарының  әлі күнге дейін эпизодтық сипатта көрініп келе жатқандығынан да байқалады. Зерттеуде өзбек классикалық әдебиетінің әсерімен жазылған қазақ әдебиетіндегі туындылардың, қазақ жәдитшілдігінің ықпалымен ортақ тақырыптары туған өзбек әдебиетіндегі шығармалардың салыстырмалы түрдегі және өзіндік ерекшелігі туралы мәселелер, екі әдебиет арасында жасалған өзара көркем аударма, ақын-жазушылардың арасындағы достық қарым-қатынастар қарастырылады. ХХ ғасыр басында Патшалық Ресей Түркістанды толық отарына айналдырды. Ресей империясының бодандығы елді рухани, саяси, экономикалық тәуелсіздігінен айыру үшін отаршылдықтың түрлі әдіс-тәсілдерін қолданды. Түркістан халқы осындай аласапыран кезде бірігу қажеттілігін ұқты. Азаттыққа ұмтылған қазақ және өзбек зиялыларын түркішілдік тақырыбы біріктірді. Қазақ және өзбек әдебиетінің ортақ тақырыптары мен ұқсас әдеби бағыттары азатшыл немесе отаршылдыққа қарсы кезеңде айқын көрінді. Әсіресе, «Тұтас Түркістан» идеясы тағдырлас екі ұлттың сөз өнерінде отаршылдыққа қарсы шығармалардың тууына ықпал етті. Осылайша түркі халықтары әдебиетінің тарихында әдеби байланыстардың әсерінен Түркістан әдебиеті деген әдеби-рухани кеңістік пайда болды. XIX ғасырдың соңы мен XX ғасырдың басы қазақ және өзбек әдеби байланысының кемелденген кезеңі болды. Мақалада қазақ және өзбек әдеби байланысының мысалы ретінде Мағжан мен Чолпан шығармашылығындағы ортақ сарындар қарастырылады.
ЕСКЕН ЕЛУБАЕВТЫҢ БАЛАЛАР ӘЛЕМІ
Authors: Құдайбергенов Н.
Published: October 2022

Аңдатпа.  Мақалада балалар ақыны Ескен Елубаевтың шығармашылық әлемі зерттеу нысанына алынып, қаламгердік қолтаңбасы айшықталады. Автор Е.Елубаевтың балалардың жас ерекшеліктеріне, психологиялық болмысына сай жазылған көркем туындыларына назар аударып, олардың әдеби-мәдени ерекшеліктеріне талдау жасайды. Классикалық балалар әдебиетінің өкілі болып саналатын Ескен Елубаевтың шығармашылығы жөнінде замандастары тарапынан мерзімді басылым беттерінде көптеген оң пікірлер айтылғанмен, әдебиеттану ғылымының аясында ақынның толыққанды шығармашылық портреті жазылған емес.

Мақала авторы Е.Елубаевтың лирикалық өлеңдерінің, жұмбақтары мен жаңылтпаштарының мазмұндық һәм формалық ерекшеліктеріне тоқталады. Ақынның қазіргі балалар әдебиетіне әкелген жаңалығын саралап, ұлттық және жалпы адамзаттық құндылықтарды жеткізудегі шеберлігін зерделейді. 

 

Кілт сөздер: әдебиет, балалар әдебиеті, поэзия, салт-дәстүр, тәрбие, құндылықтар.
ТАЛАСБЕК ӘСЕМҚҰЛОВТЫҢ «ТАЛТҮС» РОМАНЫНДАҒЫ ФОЛЬКЛОРИЗМ
Authors: Набиолла Н.
Published: October 2022

Мақалада жазушы Т.Әсемқұловтың «Талтүс» романына талдау жасалады. Қазіргі кезеңдегі шоқтығы биік қазақ романдарының бірі саналатын  бұл шығармада фольклорлық мотив, сюжеттердің, фольклор жанрларының қолданыс аясы қарастырылады. Атап айтқанда күй аңызы, эпостық шығармалардың элементтері, хикая, әпсана-хикаят жанрларының шығармадағы көрінісі жан-жақтылы талданады. Жазушының осы фольклорлық жанрларды романда қолдануына сараптаулар жасалады. Яғни онда тек фольклорлық мәтіндердің тізбесі емес, кейіпкерлердің өзара диалогі, ауыз-екі әңгімесі негізінде өрбітіп, шығарманың тұлабойына сіңіріп жібергені қарастырылады.  Шығарманың бас кейіпкерлері Сабыт күйші мен оның баласы Әжігерейдің өнердегі үндестік, дәстүр сабақтастығы ашуға негізделген күйшілік дәстүр, әншілік өнер, ұсталық шеберлік, атбегілік пен құсбегілік, мергендік, сынықшылық қатарлы қазақтың бұрыннан келе жатқан төлтума өнерлеріне байланысты туған фольклорлық мәтіндердің романдағы көрінісіне барлау жасалады. Осы арқылы автордың қазақтың төлтума өнер түрлерінің кейбірінің ұстаз-шәкірт қарым-қатынасы арқылы кейінгі буынға жеткені, кейбір өнер түрлерінің бүгінгі күндері жоғалып, келмеске кеткені туралы ой-толғамы сараланады. Жинақтай айтқанда автор осы романды жазу арқылы рухани кодымыз саналатын төл өнерімізге жанашырлық керек екенін, оны сақтау үшін кешенді жұмыстардың жүргізілуі тиіс екені туралы сүбелі ойлары талданады.
«Ар – ұждан» концептісінің мақал-мәтелдерде және ұлы философтар еңбегінде алатын орны
Authors: Сағатова Ш.Б. , Юнисов Е.А.
Published: October 2022

Нақты әрі көркем қазақ тілі әсіресе мақал-мәтелдерге бай. Қуаныш пен адамдық азап, күлкі мен көз жасы, махаббат пен ашу, сенім мен сенімсіздік, ақиқат пен жалған, шындық пен өтірік, сенім мен үміт осынау парасат пен өмір танымының ұйыған тұңғиығынан бізге жеткен.

Мақал-мәтелдер халық жадында берік сақталған. Олардың есте сақталуына айтылуының әртүрлі әуезділігі, әдемі ұйқасы мен ырғақтары ықпал етеді. Мақал-мәтелдер қарапайым халықтың өмірлік көргендері мен тәжірибесінен алған өмір сабақтарын есте сақтаудың бірден-бір жолы болды.

Мақал-мәтелдердің көпшілігі адамның адамгершілік болмысы – жақсылық, жамандық, аяушылық, жанашырлық, намыс, ар-ұждан сияқты ұғымдардың мазмұнын іздестіру, анықтауға бағытталған. Әртүрлі тақырыптарға жинақталған мақал-мәтелдер  әрбір адамның тал бесіктен жер бесікке дейінгі өмірінің барлық кезеңдерін рухани тұрғыдан реттеп отыратын қағидалар жиынтығы секілді.

Адамзат баласы үшін бақыт әрқашан адамгершілік тазалықпен және рухани үйлесімділікпен тікелей байланысты, сонымен қатар өз ар-ұжданымен үйлесімді өмір сүретін адамды ғана бақытты деп санайды.

Мақалада осы тұжырым аясында қазақ мақал-мәтелдеріндегі «ар-ождан» ұғымының семантикалық мазмұнын қарастырылады.

Ар-ұждан туралы мақал-мәтелдердің құндылығы, халық арасында кең таралу себебі, ең алдымен, мазмұнының тереңдігіне, ондағы айтылған ойлардың даналығына байланысты.