bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Response Optimization of a HPLC Method for Analyzing Resorcinol and 4-n-Butyl Resorcinol in Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Dwiastuti Rini , Putri Dina Christin Ayuning , Hariono Maywan , Riswanto Florentinus Dika Octa
Published: April 2021

Resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol have been used to improve skin health. However, these two compounds were unstable due to the oxidation process. Lipid nanoparticle formulation strategies were reported as the solution to overcome the stability problem for both resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol. Nevertheless, it is important to determine the content of resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol in lipid nanoparticle formulation. Aiming to develop the analytical method for resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol determination, a response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in the HPLC optimization stage. An optimized HPLC condition was obtained by generating a Box-Behnken design followed by multiple response analysis. It was obtained that optimized HPLC conditions due to the predictive multiple response optimization were methanol percentage of 50.0%, acetonitrile percentage of 18.1%, and flow rate of 0.6 mL min–1. This optimized condition was successfully applied and met the requirements of the system suitability test. Quantitative estimation was performed and resulted that the resorcinol and 4-n-butyl resorcinol content in lipid nanoparticles were 70.37 ± 0.47 and 95.07 ± 0.80 µg mL–1, respectively.
Bioactivity Screening of Endophytic Fungus Eutypa linearis isolated from Coleus amboinicus (Lour.)
Authors: Gemantari Baiq Maylinda , Romadhonsyah Fitra , Nurrochmad Arief , Wahyuono Subagus , Astuti Puji
Published: April 2021

Coleus amboinicus (Lour.) is a medicinal plant containing various bioactive compounds. Endophytes are microorganisms living inside intracellular tissue of plants and known as the source of bioactive compounds. In order to explore the potential of endophyte in producing novel bioactive compounds, this study focused on isolating endophytic fungi from the leaves of C.amboinicus, characterisation and screening their metabolite bioactivity during submerged culture fermentation. Isolation of endophytic fungi from the leaves segment of C.amboinicus was conducted on PDA media and fungus identification was carried out by analyzing its morphology and molecular examination. The production of metabolites was examined using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Identification of the endophytic fungus showed 98.84% similarity with Eutypa linearis. This species was fermented submergedly in PDB medium for 14 days under dark and exposed to light and the fermentation broth was extracted using ethyl acetate. The results showed that exposure to the light did not significantly influence metabolite production. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Antioxidant activity of this extract as examined by DPPH assay showed IC50 of 105.31 ± 2.11 µg/mL. Cytotoxic activity against Hela cell line was known to be the best among other cell lines (IC50 301.53 ± 11.34 µg/mL) although it was found to be non selective (SI<1). The extract contained five major compounds namely Benzenemethanol, 4-nitro-(CAS) p-Nitrobenzyl alcohol; 2-Pentadecanone (CAS) Pentadecan-2-one; (1R*,6S*,10R*)-5,5-Dimethyl-11,12-dioxatricyclo[8.2.1.0(1,6)] tridecan-10-ol; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (CAS) Methyl linoleate; and 3-Furanacetic acid, 4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo- (CAS) 2-carboxymethyl-3-N-hexyl-maleic anhydride.
Ethnobotanical and Phytochemical Study of Bayur (Pterospermum javanicum Jungh.) on Sasak Tribe around Mount Rinjani National Park, West Lombok as a Conservation Effort
Authors: Andila Putri Sri , Warseno Tri , Wibawa I Putu Agus Hendra , Tirta I Gede
Published: April 2021

Pterospermum javanicum Jungh. (Bayur) is a species belongs to the Pterospermum genera (Malvaceae). Several species of Pterospermum had been reported for their ethnobotanical usage, but the studies about ethnobotany information of Bayur and its secondary metabolite compounds were still limited which have been published. This study aimed to observe the ethnobotanical usage of Bayur and to examine the phytochemical contents of the acetone extract of Bayur flower from West Lombok. The ethnobotany information of Bayur was obtained through interviews with local people and more information on the ethnobotanical records of P. javanicum (Bayur) was conducted by reviewing the scientific literature. The chemical compounds of Bayur flower were analysed by the GC-MS method. The results revealed that Bayur was used by the Sasak community  around Gunung Rinjani National Park West Lombok for various purposes, such as traditional medicines, beverages, rigging, and building material. The phytochemical analysis showed that the acetone extract of Bayur flower from West Lombok contained 38 identified chemical components, representing 93.78% of the total compounds. The major contents of them were Lupeyl acetate (10.68%), p-n-Amylphenol (8.16%), Lauric acid (7.31%), N-(Methyl-d2)- Aniline (5,82%), and Pentanal (5.07%). This report was the first publication about the phytochemical contents of Bayur flower. It is expected that this study gives further information on the potentials of Bayur, especially about its secondary metabolite to support and prove the truth of the cultural concept of society in utilizing Bayur as a medicinal plant.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Perception, Feeling and Thought of Love, and Early Married Life in "Sonnets from the Portuguese"
Authors: Karomah Ainul
Published: April 2021

The objectives of this research are to discover Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s perception, feelings, and thoughts of love and to observe her early married life with her husband as depicted in her Sonnets from the Portuguese. The expressive theory is used to find the perception, feeling, and thought of the author depicted in it. The primary data or the main object of the research is the literary work itself.The results of this research show that the perceptions of love are the products ofElizabeth’s expressive act in conceiving the love itself with deep understanding which involves the realization of position and respect of her lover and herself. However, her ideas of love are defeated by her emotion of love. Moreover, she is encouraged by the power of love to make consideration in her life to choose her own course of life that she surrenders her life to her lover by agreeing to marry Robert Browning which shows her greatest expressive act of love. Thus, love has given her the opportunity to gain happiness in her life time.
Semantic Study: Analysis of References for Animal as Object in Animal Related Articles from Internet
Authors: Rokhmah Kartikasari Dwi
Published: April 2021

Analyzing the reference for particular object is appropriate in the study of text. This paper discusses the reference for animal in internet articles. The data sources are twenty articles with animal topics. They are taken from news.nationalgeographic.com and animal.discovery.com. The method is library research to collect qualitative findings. The analysis is on the use of reference and the factors that influence the use of reference. The findings show that the dominant reference she (n: 119; 40.8%) is influenced by the gender and singularity. In addition, the frequency of references he (n: 70; 23.9%), it (n: 41; 14.1%) and they (n: 62; 21.2%) are influenced by gender, singularity, plurality, association and writer’s attitude. However association and writer’s attitude factor is not conclusive for this study.
THE CONFLICTS FACED BY SARA FITZGERALD AS SEEN IN JODY PICOULT’S NOVEL MY SISTER’S KEEPER
Authors: Larassanti Indri
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this study is to investigate conflicts that Sara Fitzgerald has to undergo as depicted in a bestselling novel entitled My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult. This study also aims to see how the conflicts develop.This study uses objective approach to help find the conflicts of Sara Fitzgerald and how her conflicts develop by applying the theory of internal and external conflict also the theory of frustration. The primary data used is the novel itself. The secondary data are the books related to the theory of conflict and articles from the internet.The result of the study shows that there are four main problems that lead Sara Fitzgerald into conflicts. The problems are Sara having a baby, Jesse and Anna feeling neglected, the trial and Anna’s death. The analysis shows that Sara decides to make important decisions for Kate’s life. Sara faces many failures because of her decisions and it leads her to face more problems and creates new obstacles, one of which is Anger; this act of frustration always appears as the manifestation of her actions.
Positive and Negative Politeness in Refusals in Three American Drama Movies
Authors: Charismawati Arie
Published: April 2021

This research paper attempts to investigate positive and negative politeness of refusal in three American drama movies. In particular, it attempts to identify and classify the positive and negative politeness strategies used to express refusal in the movies. The data used in this research were dialogues containing refusal expressed by the use  of positive and negative politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). Based on the data analysis, 73 refusal utterances were found: 31 utterances (42.5%) were found in Legally Blonde, 22 utterances (30.1%) in Yes Man, and 20 utterances (27.4%) in He’s Not That Just into You. From 73 refusals found, out of 32 (43.8%) were expressed using positive politeness strategy, and remaining 41 (56.2%) refusals were expressed using negative politeness strategy. It was found in this research that positive politeness strategy 13 give (or ask for) reason is considered as the most commonly used positive politeness strategy in the movies.  This strategy was used 7 times (21.8%). Meanwhile, in negative politeness strategy, strategy 1 be conventionally indirect appears as the most frequently strategy used in giving refusal in the movies. This strategy was used 18 times (43.9%).
The Use of Request Strategies in the Movie "The Proposal"
Authors: Sari Desi Wulan
Published: April 2021

This research aims to investige the requests used in the movie The Proposal. In particular, it attempts to identify and classify the request head acts and external modification delivered by the characters in the movie. The data used in this research are utterances containing request strategies. These data, then, are classified and analyzed using the theory of request strategies proposed by Blum-Kulka and Olshtain (1984). The results show that there are 75 utterances containing request strategies, classified based on nine types of the request head acts and seven types of external modifications that modify the head acts. It is also found that direct request by means of mood derivable is the most preferred strategy in expressing request head act. Futhermore, precusors is the external modification most commonly used by the characters to get the hearer‟s attention and to fulfill something requested.
Malformation and Isolation: Critique to Jewish Orthodoxy Found in Franz Kafka’s "The Metamorphosis"
Authors: Khairunnisa Anindya Firda
Published: April 2021

The research discusses the Jewish images found in The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and its interpretation. It aims to prove that the utilization of Jewish images within the novella shows the author’s underlying critique towards Jewish Orthodoxy’ ways of thinking, particularly the way they regard the Holy Scripture. The data used in the research are taken from Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, in the form of words containing plot structure, characters and characterizations (including dialogue and actions), metaphors, symbols, and allusions, which represents a certain Jewish value within Kafka’s The Metamorphosis. The data are then analysed with Freudian Psychoanalysis, supported by external data such as the background of the author and information about Orthodox Judaism. The result of the research concluded that, in The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka demonstrates that in front of the unquestioned and oblivious masses of the divine law human is hopeless; just like Gregor who ends up dying an unjustified death.
Politeness Strategies in the Bel Ami Movie
Authors: Muftiarizqi Zulfia
Published: April 2021

This undergraduate thesis examines a movie entitled “Bel Ami”. It focuses on the politeness strategies used in the dialogues that involve George as the main character. The objectives of this paper are to identify and classify the politeness strategies that appear and to find the most frequently performed politeness strategies by upper class characters in the movie. The analysis is based on the classification of politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson. The result of the analysis indicates that there are 61 speech acts that contain politeness strategies. The highest number of strategy that is found is positive politeness strategy comprising 28 strategies (45.90%). It is likely because the speakers and hearers have close relationships as colleagues and the dialogues are dominated by common everyday conversations. The most frequently politeness strategies performed by upper class characters is Bald on record strategy 1 that is Cases of non-minimization of the face threat with 5 (16.13%) strategies. It is possibly because as the hearer, George has less power than the speakers who belong to the upper class people.
Social Class and Poverty in American Society in the 2000’s Era as Seen in Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games Novel
Authors: Permatasari Heidy Putri
Published: April 2021

The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins tells about the survival game in one country and the participant of the game is obtained by random election in each district of the country. The objective of this paper is to reveal the economic inequality in American society in the 2000’s era that is depicted in the novel. The method used is based on library research. The main data of the study were The Hunger Game novel. The secondary data to support the analysis were books, articles, and encyclopedias. Additional information is also taken from the internet.The theory applied in this article is mimetic approach. It analyses the character, setting, plot, and theme. The findings show that there is a gap between the upper class and the lower class. The lower class has to struggle to still alive, while the upper class becomes richer. The upper class also has more power than the lower class. Then, the lower class is suffering from the poverty. Social class is one of thing that determines people to have more opportunity in the society.It can be concluded that the novel is about the reflection of the society condition of American society in the 2000’s era. The author of the novel describes the social gap, social class, and poverty in American society very clearly and in detail. Therefore,there any differences between The Hunger Games and social background.
Popular Formulas in Sara Shepard's Pretty Little Liars
Authors: Wiranti Pratiwi , Jatmiko Rahmawan
Published: April 2021

This study investigates the popular formulas found in Sara Shepard’s novel entitled Pretty Little Liars and examines how the popular formulas contributes to the success of the novel. In order to meet these objectives, this paper adopts the theory of popular genre and John G. Cawelti’s approach to popular formulas. This research is a library research where the primary data were obtained from the novel. Furthermore, other books related to popular formulas and online information from credible sources were also consulted. The results of the study show that the popular formulas in Pretty Little Liars include gothic romance, questioning sexuality, sibling rivalry, self-esteem issues, and forbidden love.
The Clash of Culture in Neil Gaiman's American Gods
Authors: Dzikrina Naya Fauzia , Munjid Achmad
Published: April 2021

This research aims to examine the portrayal of cultural clash in Neil Gaiman’s novel, American Gods. More specifically, this research aims to identify what cultures are clashing and why they clash, and also to understand how the situation of cultural clash affects the lives and attitudes of the characters. This research also explores how the novel relates to cases of cultural clash happening in the current American society. This research is conducted using the framework of several sociological theories to understand the different forms of effects of cultural clash. The main issue presented in the novel is the conflict between the old gods, who represent society’s traditional beliefs, and the new gods, who represent the shift of culture in modern America. This conflict symbolizes how the two ideals, tradition and modernity, are competing in the American society today. The challenges the old gods face can also be seen as a portrayal of the immigrant experience, where they experience effects of cultural clash also commonly experienced by immigrants: cultural displacement, identity crisis, and conflict. The main finding of this research is that a person or group who experiences cultural clash will face a struggle where they must compromise or negotiate their cultural identity in order to be part of their current community. This is done as a way to survive and thrive in their environment.
Pragmatic Failures Experienced by Jacob in Jodi Picoult’s Novel House Rules
Authors: Suryandari Riza , Sutrisno Adi
Published: April 2021

Pragmatic failures are often discussed in the context of cross-cultural studies. However, pragmatic failures have also been evident in other circumstances. People who are diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome, for example, also often experience pragmatic failures, even when they converse with others who come from the same geographical area and share the same culture. This paper examines pragmatic failures produced by Jacob, a character diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (AS) in Jodi Picoult’s novel House Rules. The data were excerpts taken from the novel that show Jacob’s failures to understand the other speakers. The data were classified into 12 categories of pragmatic failures: sarcasm, idioms, common phrases, metaphors, hyperbole, words with multiple meanings, the maxim of quality, maxim of quantity, maxim of relation, maxim of manner, joke, and indirect speech acts. The results showed that the most frequent type of pragmatic failures that Jacob produces in the novel is the infringement of the maxim of relation. In other words, Jacob often produces irrelevant utterances.
Blends in Gravity Falls TV Series
Authors: Andriani Ermi , Moehkardi Rio Rini Diah
Published: April 2021

This research investigates the blending process used in Gravity Falls TV series seasons I and 2. It aims to classify blends based on the classification of blends proposed by Mattiello (2013) and interpret the meaning of blends. From the data source, there are fifty-four data considered as blends. The data are categorised in three perspectives, namely: morphotactic, morphonological and graphical, and morphosemantic. The result shows that morphotactically, the most frequently used pattern is partial blend particularly the blends consist of full word followed by splinter with 49 percent data. Then, morphonologically and graphically, non-overlapping type in which neither the graphs nor the sounds of source words are overlapped each other is commonly used in the series with 57 percent of overall data. Finally, morphosemantically, the most used structure with percentage of 63 percent is right headed blend in which the head is the second source word.
Conceptual Metaphors in Paramore’s After Laughter Album
Authors: Pramudita Stephanie Melinda , Hanidar Sharifah
Published: April 2021

This research aims to classify the conceptual metaphors in Paramore’s After Laughter (2017) album. The data for the research were taken from 11 songs in the album After Laughter. The data were analyzed using Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) theory of conceptual metaphor. From the 11 songs, 47 data were identified containing conceptual metaphors. Overall, the data mostly consist of orientational metaphors. There were 37 data containing orientational metaphors, which are used by the songwriters to convey to their listeners that they had experienced ups and downs in their lives. Eight structural metaphors were used to deliver the message that life is full of challenges and struggle. However, it also conveys a lesson of the most genuine forgiveness. Only 2 data containing ontological metaphors were found. The conceptual metaphors depict the devastation in their lives, as it is tangible through human imagination and has human characteristics. By using conceptual metaphors in the song lyrics, the songwriters enable the listeners to acknowledge the message, as well as the story that they meant to convey.
Representation of Gender Stereotyping in Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women: Endorsement of Traditional Gender Roles
Authors: Ekasanti Nabilla Rahmadhiya , Hernawati Mala
Published: April 2021

This research discusses how the characters in the novel Little Women written by Louisa May Alcott eventually submit themselves to the stereotypical role of women in the late 19th century when in reality American women were protesting the ideology of ‘separate spheres’ in accordance to the traditional gender stereotype that they faced. The research applies the sociological approach to uncover the connection between the literary work and the social condition of the era and to find out how the gender roles affect the characters of the March girls, supported by the theory of children literature. The primary data used in this research are the excerpts taken from Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women and some supporting data are taken from academic journals. The research focuses on the characters of the March Girls’ actions and dialogues that show submissive behavior, in contrast to the efforts and movement of the women during that era who were protesting the ideology of ‘separate spheres’ that resulted in inequality. The result of the research concludes that Little Women seems to be written only as a reproduction of traditional gender values, this matter contradicts with what the American women in the late 19th century struggled for.
The Heroine’s Journey towards Wholeness as seen in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing
Authors: Ayuningtyas Hendarti Azizah , Jatmiko Rahmawan
Published: April 2021

This study discusses the psychological journey of the female heroine in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing. This paper applies the psychological approach since it is believed to be the most suitable approach to analyze the process of the heroine’s journey towards wholeness. It examines the process of individuation in the main plot of the novel and the characteristics of the process on the heroine’s personal quest. The portrayal of the individuation process is identified through the theory of individuation proposed by Charles Gustav Jung which discusses the process of the individual’s development towards psychological completeness. In order to support the analysis, library research was conducted using the novel as well as the supporting articles from any reliable websites. The result shows that the heroine’s journey can be translated as Jungian’s theory of individuation as there are six characteristics of the process of individuation found within the story. Furthermore, five stages occurred in the heroine’s journey, namely the recognition of the persona, the assimilation with the shadow, the confrontation with the animus, and lastly the appearance of the Self that leads the heroine towards psychological wholeness.
Imagining Music Education in the “We-Mode”
Authors: Bradley Deborah
Published: April 2021

In this article, I explore the “we-mode,” a concept under investigation by social cognition researchers that emerged from John Searle’s concept of collective Intentionality. Wemode thinking captures the viewpoints of individuals engaged in social interactions and expands each individual’s potential for social understanding and action. This access to the knowledge and understandings of those with whom they collaborate creates shared knowledge and understandings that may lead to collective Intentionality or we-mode. The discussion begins with a look at how living and working in groups affects identity formation, using Paul Gilroy’s notion of planetary humanity as an example of we-mode thinking. As Searle explains, collective Intentionality emanates from the Background (similar to Bourdieu’s habitus), which thus allows for the possibility of collective Intentionality or we-mode thinking and action. The article concludes by querying the potential for developing we-mode thinking in music education within an anti-racism framework, followed by an introduction to the four articles published in this issue.
Revealing Whiteness in Preservice Music Teacher Preparation
Authors: VanDeusen Andrea
Published: April 2021

Educational institutions and teacher education preparation programs tend to reflect White Eurocentric beliefs and values. Additionally, White preservice teachers may have little understanding of their own cultural backgrounds, as they are largely unexamined in a structure of White norms. In this paper, I draw upon elements of critical whiteness studies as a framework to further analyze data from a prior, larger study about an immersion field experience to reveal the ways in which whiteness was largely unacknowledged but always lurking in the background of the experience—in participants’ discourses about their experiences and interactions with students of color in the music classrooms. This deepened understanding of whiteness embedded in the experience was imperative for considering how to better facilitate field experiences for White preservice music teachers and how to better prepare them to work successfully with students of color.
ПУТИ СОЗДАНИЯ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ЗАХОДА НА ПОСАДКУ И ПОСАДКИ ЛА В СЛОЖНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ ВИДИМОСТИ
Authors: Куклев В.
Published: April 2021

Рассматриваются недостатки применяемых в настоящее время курсо-­глиссадных систем, предлагаются пути создания автоматизированных систем захода на посадку и посадки летательных аппаратов в сложных условиях видимости в том числе на необорудованные площадки с применением навигационной системы ГЛОНАСС и стереоскопических систем совмещенной (дополненной) виртуальной реальности.
OPTIMALISASI KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM PENYUSUNAN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Mawardi Mawardi
Published: April 2021

Rencana pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) merupakan langkah awal yang harus disusun oleh seorang guru, sebagai pedoman dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Dengan adanya RPP diharapkan, pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan guru dapat berjalan dengan tepat dan benar untuk pencapaian tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditentukan. Penelitian ini mengungkap lebih lanjut mengenai bagaimana kompetensi guru, khususnya guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, dalam menyusun RPP, serta faktor pendukung dan kendala guru dalam penyusunan RPP. Hasil penelitian di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri di Kota Sabang menunjukkan bahwa, kompetensi guru dalam menyusun RPP masih rendah, sebagai akibat dari kurangnya pengetahuan guru tentang penyusunan RPP, yang disebabkan kurang mendapat bimbingan dan pelatihan dari instansi terkait, termasuk juga organisasi non pemerintah lainnya. Sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum 2013, para guru dituntut menyusun RPP, sehingga mereka mengambil jalan pintas dengan mengambil di internet dan membeli RPP yang sudah jadi, untuk kemudian disesuaikan dengan pelajaran yang menjadi tanggung jawabnya. Untuk itu, maka perlu kiranya pihak terkait khususnya, untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam penyusunan RPP.
TOWARDS SHAPING PUPILS’ SOFT-SKILLS: THE ISLAMIC TEACHING AT A BILINGUAL SCHOOL IN BANDA ACEH
Authors: Emawati Emawati , Nisa Rahmatun , Zulfikar Teuku
Published: April 2021

The Indonesian educational system should guarantee that educational institutions in all levels not only train their students’ cognitive ability but also develop their affective domain. This important domain can be developed through various strategies, one of which is through shaping students’ soft-skills. This classroom research was conducted to identify strategies implemented by a particular bilingual school in Banda Aceh, in its attempt to develop students’ soft-skills. Having interviewed four teachers and the school principal, observed classroom, and analyzed documents, such as learning module and syllabus, we found that the teachers use various strategies in developing students’ soft-skills, one of which is through inviting students to participate in learning process and to engage in outdoor activities; promoting democratic dialogues; showing empathy and appreciation, and also presenting good examples are seen as important strategies to develop soft-skills.
Institutions and individual values motivating corporate social responsibility activities in large farms and agroholdings
Authors: Hajdu Anna , Daziano Marcos F. , Visser Oane
Published: April 2021

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities have been shown to derive from external and internal motivations of a company. Little attention has been given to motivations of managers in large farms and agroholdings to undertake CSR activities thanks to individual values and pressure from institutions. We therefore investigate the types of CSR activities conducted by 18 managers in large farms and agroholdings in Argentina. We underline their perception of social issues and their motivations to do CSR activities. The framework developed in this paper shows that given the lack of pressure from national-level formal and other informal institutions, individual values (informal institutions) and international institutions (certification schemes-formal institutions) carry more weight in managers’ decision to do CSR activities. While some of these motivations have an instrumental background, they overlap with normative motivations that underlie the business activity.
‘Ghost Accounts’, ‘Joki Accounts’ and ‘Account Therapy’
Authors: Mustika Wening , Savirani Amalinda
Published: April 2021

This article shows how motorcycle taxi drivers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia deal with labour insecurity, tighter competition, minimum social welfare, decreased tariff and bonuses and longer working hours. The article finds that drivers employ diverse strategies to obtain more orders and therefore also more income. Drivers use prohibited mobile application-based technologies, which resemble those of their platforms, as well as non-technological strategies to boost their account’s performance. The article argues that whereas these prohibited practices can be understood as everyday resistance (Scott 1985), as oppositional acts against the holders of power and capital, they are also pragmatic survival tactics. Furthermore, the article shows that although the drivers’ resistance is individual, their knowledge and strategies are sourced and shared collectively through social media platforms. Being widely distributed between drivers and commonly applied by drivers, these strategies have nonetheless not been able to transform driver-company relationships in any significant way.
Exploring Plant and Behaviour on Usada Herbal Galactagogue Usage among Lactating Mothers in Bali
Authors: Monika Ni Luh Gde Mona , Yunita Ella
Published: April 2021

Background: Breastfeeding is essential for the health of newborn infants and mothers. Basic health research in 2018 shows that exclusive breastfeeding in Bali has not reached the national target. High rates of cesarean section delay breastfeeding initiation, the important predictor of continued breastfeeding. Main concern for lactating mothers about medications, increase the use of herbal galactagogue to aid lactation. The use of traditional medicinal plant in Bali is 40% higher than national average and its existence is strengthened by the issuance of Bali Governor Regulation No. 55 of 2019 concerning Traditional Balinese Health Services. Despite increasing popularity of traditional medicine, there are currently limited data available on the plant list and pattern of use herbal galactagogue. Objectives: to explore the galactagogue plants, pattern of use, perceived effectiveness of herbal galactagogues during breastfeeding among lactating mother’s in Bali. Material and Methods: This study was conducted using a questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The questionnaire and interview guideline was validated by lactation consultants and traditional health practitioners in Bali. The study was approved by Human Research Ethic Committee of Bina Usada Bali. Results: The use of herbal galaktagogue is mostly practiced by highly educated mothers, mother’s occupation as health workers and primiparous. There are 26 types of plants that are often used by lactating mothers in Bali. Majority of respondent begin to use herbal galactagogue after giving birth (82%) for approximately < 1 month. Majority of lactating mothers in Bali perceived effectiveness of herbal galactagogue usage based on breastfeeding adequacy indicators. About 95% respondents feel confidence and have self-empowerment after use herbal galactagogue, resultes in psychological benefits. Conclusions: The use of herbal galactagogue is common amongst lactating mothers in Bali, while information about efficacy and safety is lacking. Futher research is needed to give evidence-based information to support exclusive breastfeeding.
Urinary Excretion Post Inhalation Method to Correlate Inhaler Technique with Disease Control in Patients with Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Using Own Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)
Authors: nandagopal ethirajan , M Sumithra , Meenakshi N
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Correct use of inhaler devices is critical in ensuring the
optimal lung bioavailability of the inhaled drug. The study aimed to
assess inhaler technique used in patients with using metered-dose
inhalers (MDI) by correlating with urinary salbutamol excretion post
inhalation and its correlation with disease control. Methods: Thirty
patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases attending outpatients’
services inhaled two doses of salbutamol 100 µg and urine samples were
collected after 30 min. Inhaler technique scores were assessed using a
standardized 8-point checklist. The 30-minute concentration of urinary
salbutamol is then correlated with inhaler technique scores and control
status of the disease. Key findings: The mean age of the subjects was
60.8 (SD ± 9.338). The mean (SD) 30 min urinary salbutamol concentration
was 3.6±1.6 µg/ml. The mean concentration of salbutamol was found to be
2.3 µg/ml (n=1), 2.3 µg/ml (n=5), 3.1 µg/ml (n=7), 3.9 µg/ml (n=8), 4.7
µg/ml (n=5), 5.3 µg/ml (n=3), and 5.0 µg/ml (n=1) among patients
performing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 steps correctly, respectively. There
was a statistically significant correlation (p=0.028) witnessed between
the mean 30 min urinary salbutamol concentration and total correct
steps. The frequency of exacerbation, use of antibiotics, and oral
corticosteroids (OCS) were more in patients with poor inhaler technique
scores, although statistical significance was achieved only for
frequency of antibiotics use (p=0.032). Conclusions: The 30 min
salbutamol urinary concentration evaluation may help to identify
patients who were underdosed due to poor handling of inhaler devices.
Being a complex procedure, it can at least be initiated in patients
reporting frequent exacerbations, hospitalization, and those who need
multiple drugs for disease control.
Qualidade da educação básica nas conferências nacionais de educação (1990-2004)
Authors: Czernisz Eliane Cleide da Silva , Ruiz Maria José Ferreira
Published: April 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo discutir a qualidade da escola piíblica, tendo como referência os documentos organizados nos Congressos Nacionais de Educação (CONED), entre os anos de 1996 a 2004. Com base em discussão bibliográfica e análise de documentos, questiona que qualidade é defendida para a escola básica. Como resultado, verifica que o conceito de qixalidade social defendido nos CONED, considera como fundamental o financiamento público para a educação, para garantir o atendimento deste direito social e que esta concepção de qualidade foi apropriada pelas políticas educacionais neoliberais de forma descontextualizada, não expressando nessas apropriações relação com os ob|etivos dos CONED.
As disposições pedagógicas em cursos de formação inicial e continuada: um estudo de caso sobre o projeto primeiro passo – jovem aprendiz
Authors: Lima Leonardo Araújo , Frota Francisco Horácio Frota da Silva
Published: April 2021

As demandas por trabalho qualificado nas atividades produtivas e de serviço demarcam a educação profissional como estratégia de desenvolvimento econômico e social para o Estado brasileiro. Este artigo trata sobre as perspectivas pedagógicas das políticas públicas de educação profissional, mais especificamente aquelas políticas em nível de formação inicial e continuada de trabalhadores. Propomos a análise desta questão através de revisão conceitual sobre as bases liberais da educação para o trabalho, além de análise contextual e empírica. Para esta última escolhemos um estudo de caso junto ao Projeto Primeiro Passo – Jovem Aprendiz, uma ação profissionalizante do Governo do Estado do Ceará.
A gestão pedagógica da aula universitária da área das ciências naturais e exatas
Authors: Silva Marciele Taschetto da , Rocha Adriana Moreira da , Isaia Silvia Maria de Aguiar
Published: April 2021

Este estudo encontra-se inserido no contexto investigativo sobre formação de formadores e a gestão pedagógica da aula da área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas. Ressaltamos que a gestão pedagógica se constitui a medida que o professor se compromete com seu projeto de ensino, organizando e articulando saberes necessários para a formação de seus alunos e, consequentemente, para a sua própria formação. Desse modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar definições teóricas e conceituais relevantes para [re]pensar a gestão pedagógica da aula e a formação docente e o reflexo desta na educação básica, em busca da qualidade do ensino na área de Ciências Naturais e Exatas. Em relação a esta temática sabemos que os docentes universitários possuem a responsabilidade e compromisso social com a ampla formação de futuros profissionais para além da mera transmissão de conhecimentos. Assim preocupa-nos refletir sobre a relação existente entre a gestão da aula dos docentes atuantes nos cursos de licenciatura e a formação ofertada aos futuros professores da educação básica. Esta relação apresenta certa dubiedade, pois ao mesmo tempo em que os professores realizam a gestão de suas aulas a fim de oferecerem uma boa formação para seus alunos, não são formados nem preparados para tal exercício. Desse modo, a gestão de sua aula é regida por saberes constituídos no seu cotidiano, decorrentes de esforços individuais, sob o prisma da pedagogia universitária.
Trabalho docente e ampliação da jornada escolar no ensino médio - intensificação emescolas de referencia da rede estadual Pernambuco
Authors: Santos Maria Lucivânia Souza dos , Silva Katharine Ninive Pinto , Silva Vanessa Cardoso da
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta dados conclusivos de pesquisa de iniciação científica em tomo do seguinte problema: Será que a perspectiva de ampliação da jornada escolar nas Escolas de Referência em Ensino Médio, na cidade de Vitória de Santo Antão, não significa também a diminuição das condições efetivas de trabalho do professor, na perspectiva de uma intensificação do trabalho docente? O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi caracterizar as condições de trabalho docente nas Escolas de Referência em Ensino Médio de Pernambuco. A metodologia adotada foi a avaliação da implementação de Políticas Públicas e se deu através de análise documental, revisão bibliográfica e análise de conteúdo de respostas a entrevistas e questionários aplicados junto a gestores, professores e alunos das escolas pesquisadas. Os resultados indicam que há um processo de intensificação do trabalho docente, em função de uma maior cobrança por resultados sem que se garanta a estrutura necessária para a ampliação da jornada escolar no processo de implementação do Programa de Educação Integral (PEI) na Rede Estadual de Ensino.
Educação sexual na modalidade ead: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Lemes Sebastião Souza , Maia Ana Cláudia Bortolozzi , Reis-Yamauti Verônica Lima dos
Published: April 2021

A Educação a Distância (EaD) tornou-se uma possibilidade de formação ou educação continuada no Brasil, especialmente quando se trata de temas pouco abordados nos cursos de graduação. Esta pesquisa qualitativa-exploratória teve por objetivo levantar as propostas de cursos de formação em educação sexual, na modalidade EaD no Brasil. Realizou-se uma busca no site da Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UaB) e no site de busca livre – Google, a partir de critérios de seleção: ser nacional, estar vinculado à educação formal e ter como público alvo profissionais da educação. Os resultados evidenciaram 49 cursos, sendo 13 particulares e 36 gratuitos e públicos. Dos 13 particulares: 7 referem-se a cursos de curta duração com até 60 horas; 3 entre 10h/40h a 280h/300h; 2 têm nível de pós-graduação lato sensu com 360h/420h e um, carga horária inespecífica. Os 36 cursos gratuitos são conveniados às propostas governamentais e direcionados à formação de educadores, sendo: 27 alocados em universidades federais e 9 em estaduais; 26 apresentam nível de aperfeiçoamento, 6 de extensão e 4 de especialização. Os cursos públicos em geral priorizam a educação sexual na escola; já os particulares abordam também questões de saúde. Conclui-se que há mais cursos públicos que particulares e, em alguns, reproduz-se a sexualidade relacionada à sexologia e não à educação. Neste sentido, seria importante investir na elaboração de cursos que abordem amplamente essa temática e objetivem a formação continuada de professores para atuar em práticas educativas nos contextos das escolas.
Protection numbers in simply generated trees and Pólya trees
Authors: Gittenberger Bernhard , Gołębiewski Zbigniew , Larcher Isabella , Sulkowska Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

We determine the limit of the expected value and the variance of the protection number of the root in simply generated trees, in P?lya trees, and in unlabelled non-plane binary trees, when the number of vertices tends to infinity. Moreover, we compute expectation and variance of the protection number of a randomly chosen vertex in all those tree classes. We obtain exact formulas as sum representations, where the obtained sums are rapidly converging thus allowing an efficient numerical computation of high accuracy.
Ordering of bicyclic signed digraphs by energy
Authors: Yang Xiuwen , Wang Ligong
Published: April 2021

Let Sn be the class of bicyclic signed digraphs with n vertices whose two
signed directed even cycles are vertex-disjoint. In this paper, we
characterize the ordering of bicyclic signed digraphs in Sn by energy with
two positive or negative directed even cycles (resp., one positive directed
even cycle and one negative directed even cycle). Furthermore, we determine
extremal energy in Sn by the two orderings.
Two iterative algorithms for solving the split common fixed point problems
Authors: Wu Dingping , Postolache Mihai
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the split common fixed point problems
(SCFP) involved in nonexpansive mappings in real Hilbert space. We introduce
two iterative algorithms for finding a solution of the SCFP involved in
nonexpansive mappings, where one is a Mann-type iterative algorithm and
another is a Halpern-type iterative algorithm.
Convergence follows from Cesàro summability in the case of slowly decreasing or slowly oscillating double sequences in certain senses
Authors: Önder Zerrin , Çanak İbrahim
Published: April 2021

Let (u??) be a double sequence of real or complex numbers which is (C; 1; 1)
summable to a finite limit. We obtain some Tauberian conditions of slow
decreasing or oscillating types in terms of the generator sequences in
certain senses under which P-convergence of a double sequence (u??) follows
from its (C,1,1) summability. We give Tauberian theorems in which
Tauberian conditions are of Hardy and Landau types as special cases of our
results. We present some Tauberian conditions in terms of the de la Vall?e
Poussin means of double sequences under which P-convergence of a double
sequence (u??) follows from its (C,1,1) summability. Moreover, we give
analogous results for (C,1,0) and (C,0,1) summability methods.
Faculty members’ strategies to foster students’ learning engagement in writing class
Authors: Farizka Nurmalinda Maharani , Cahyono Bambang Yudi
Published: April 2021

Fostering students' learning engagement plays a crucial role in higher education institutions. It is essential to assist students' learning best, satisfaction, and preferred faculty members' teaching strategies. The purpose of this study was to find out the faculty members' strategies by mapping out the students' perceptions of their experiences in writing classes with highly-engaging environments. Thirty participants from undergraduate students of English Language Teaching (ELT) at five state universities in Malang, Indonesia were selected purposively. All participants identified themselves as active students as they already had sophisticated results in the writing classes. Hence, the researchers employed a Likert scale questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide in collecting the data. The study revealed that the learning management system, materials, discussion, and feedback sections were rated highly as the most common activities during the teaching and learning of writing skills. Almost all of the participants mentioned confidently that those fundamental activities that boosted their participation resulted in positive learning engagement. Specifically, the researchers found that the faculty members' indirect learning strategy that specified only on the social learning strategies can foster students' engagement well. In highlight, this study offers teaching reflections by spotlighting various engagement strategies implemented in the writing class circumstances.