bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eating Out and Norwegian ‘dirty realism’
Authors: Sørenssen Bjørn
Published: January 2013

At the 1997 Cannes Festival’s Semaine de la critique, Pål Sletaune’s Junk Mail/Budbringeren (1997) attracted international attention and was seen as the harbinger of a new and exciting phase in Norwegian cinema. In this article, Sletaune’s short film Eating Out
is placed in context and discussed as a thematic and stylistic forerunner to his acclaimed feature film.
Eating Out: Dark, dirty and funny
Authors: Solum Ove
Published: January 2013

Eating Out by Pål Sletaune (1993) portrays seemingly unsympathetic characters in a dirty and filthy bar most of us would avoid visiting. This article will discuss the director’s strategy, and focus upon how the film might be considered both in the light of dirty realism
in the tradition of Charles Bukowski and in connection with French films in particular from the 1990s.
Abjection and nostalgia in Eating Out
Authors: Chivoiu Oana
Published: January 2013

This article examines the presence of two concurrent elements in Eating Out – abjection and nostalgia, and explores the way in which they work together to shape the temporal identity of a space. The article argues that abjection functions throughout this short film to safeguard
nostalgia and slowness as identity markers.
Methods and logistics of a multidisciplinary survey of schoolchildren from Pelotas, in the Southern Region of Brazil
Authors: Goettems Marília Leão , Correa Marcos Britto , Vargas-Ferreira Fabiana , Torriani Dione Dias , Marques Margarete , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Hallal Pedro Curi , Demarco Flávio Fernando
Published: January 2013

This paper describes the methods of a multidisciplinary epidemiological survey conducted in schools in Pelotas, in the Southern Region of Brazil. This cross-sectional study evaluated a representative sample (n = 1,211) of eight to 12-year-old children attending public (15) and private (5) schools. Questionnaires were applied to parents to obtain information about socioeconomic and sociocultural characteristics. Children were interviewed to provide information on demographic characteristics, oral health behavior and physical activity habits. Oral health examinations were performed on the children and anthropometric data was collected to assess nutritional status. School principals responded a questionnaire about the social and physical environment of the school. A total of 1,744 children were eligible for the study; a response rate of 69.4% was achieved, with no significant differences between schools. The method used allowed investigators to obtain data on several health outcomes as well as on possible risk factors. This strategy optimizes the use of financial resources for research and promotes interprofessional collaboration.
Uso de anfetaminas por motoristas de caminhão em rodovias do Estado de São Paulo: um risco à ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito?
Authors: Takitane Juliana , Oliveira Lucio Garcia de , Endo Ligia Góes , Oliveira Keziah Cristina Barbosa Gruber de , Muñoz Daniel Romero , Yonamine Mauricio , Leyton Vilma
Published: January 2013

No Brasil, é comum o uso de anfetaminas por motoristas de caminhão, o que pode culminar na ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito. O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência do uso de anfetaminas entre caminhoneiros. Motoristas (N = 134) foram abordados em duas rodovias do Estado de São Paulo e solicitados a responder um questionário, assim como a fornecer uma amostra de urina para realização de análises toxicológicas. Todos os dados foram analisados em Stata 8.0. Todos os participantes eram do sexo masculino, de idade média de 40,8 anos e de baixa escolaridade. A presença de anfetaminas foi detectada em 10,8% das amostras de urina, cujo uso foi justificado para manter a vigília durante o trabalho. O uso de anfetaminas foi detectado entre caminhoneiros em rodovias de São Paulo. Cessado o efeito estimulante, a sonolência advinda de uma possível privação de sono diminui a atenção e o bom desempenho na direção, predispondo o condutor aos acidentes de trânsito e seus custos relacionados.
Notificação da violência como estratégia de vigilância em saúde: perfil de uma metrópole do Brasil
Authors: Veloso Milene Maria Xavier , Magalhães Celina Maria Colino , Dell'Aglio Débora Dalbosco , Cabral Isabel Rosa , Gomes Maisa Moreira
Published: January 2013

A violência é um problema de saúde pública e sua notificação é fundamental para a vigilância epidemiológica e para a definição de políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção de saúde. O estudo objetivou caracterizar a ocorrência de violência doméstica, sexual e de outras, a partir das informações do banco de dados do Sistema Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), das fichas de notificação de violência da cidade de Belém (PA), no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2011. Foram sistematizadas 3.267 notificações, representando um aumento de 240% de 2009 a 2011. Em relação ao sexo das vítimas, observou-se que, em média, 83,2% dos casos atingiram as mulheres, proporção esta semelhante nos três anos analisados. A violência sexual foi a mais presente com 41,8%; seguida da violência psicológica com 26,3% e da violência física com 24,0%. Os resultados demonstram a importância do conhecimento do perfil das violências para intervenção e elaboração de políticas públicas intersetoriais que promovam a saúde e a qualidade de vida nesta região do Brasil.
Prevalência de infecção latente pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis entre estudantes da área da saúde de uma universidade pública em Vitória, ES, Brasil
Authors: Rogerio Wesley Pereira , Baraona Catarina Maria Oliveira , Prado Thiago Nascimento do , Lacerda Thamy Carvalho , Carlesso Geisa Fregona , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: January 2013

Este artigo tem por objetivo determinar a prevalência da infecção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis em acadêmicos de enfermagem e medicina da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Estudo de corte transversal no qual os dados foram coletados através de questionário, composto de questões abertas e fechadas sobre características pessoais; informações a respeito da tuberculose; utilização de medidas preventivas, etc. Aplicou-se teste tuberculínico, com leitura após 72h por enfermeiros treinados, considerando como ponte de corte positivo 10 mm de enduração. Participaram 225 voluntários, sendo 98 estudantes da Medicina e 127 da Enfermagem. A positividade ao teste tuberculínico fora encontrada em 54 estudantes de ambos os cursos, resultando uma prevalência de 24%. Entre os Estudantes de Enfermagem o resultado do TST positivo foi obtido em 24% e nos Estudantes de Medicina em 23%, sendo esta diferença não significativa estatisticamente. Faz-se necessário um programa de realização de teste tuberculínico, de rotina, para confirmação de viragem tuberculínica, combinado com intervenções para reduzir o risco de transmissão nosocomial no local da prática, bem como a realização de outros estudos para avaliar a eficácia de novos testes para detecção de tuberculose latente.
Avaliação de estratégia para identificação e mensuração dos acidentes de trabalho fatais
Authors: Drumond Eliane de Freitas , Silva Jussara de Medeiros
Published: January 2013

Objetivando avaliar a estratégia da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belo Horizonte (SMSA/BH) na redução do sub-registro de mortes por acidentes de trabalho de 2008 a 2010, realizou-se relacionamento determinístico de dados de mortes por acidentes de trabalho notificadas no SINAN e no SIM. Como estratégia complementar ao relacionamento determinístico foram analisadas as Fichas de Investigação e as Declarações de Óbito nas quais se suspeitava tratar-se de mortes por acidentes de trabalho, porém elas não estavam declaradas. O óbito por acidente de trabalho era confirmado quando se tratava do mesmo acidentado, mesmo acidente, com nexo temporal entre o acidente e o óbito. A estratégia complementar utilizada na SMSA permitiu reduzir a sub-registro identificado pelo relacionamento determinístico, com incremento de 45 mortes. Evidenciou-se maior sub-registro de óbitos no SINAN (n = 117) do que no SIM (n = 70). Conclui-se que o relacionamento de dados SIM/SINAN é uma estratégia necessária para redução da sub-registro das mortes por acidentes de trabalho. Porém, consideradas as limitações ainda presentes nos dois sistemas o relacionamento de dados não é suficiente e que a estratégia complementar adotada na SMSA/BH - simples e de fácil execução, tem bons resultados.
Fatores associados à Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica autorreferida segundo VIGITEL nas 26 capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal em 2008
Authors: Muraro Ana Paula , Santos Debora França dos , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo , Braga José Ueleres
Published: January 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é estudar a associação entre estilo de vida e estado nutricional e prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) autorreferida, ponderada pelo sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) e padronizada por idade e sexo, em indivíduos adultos das 26 capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal em 2008. Calculou-se para cada capital a prevalência de HAS padronizada pelo método direto. Realizou-se regressão linear múltipla dos fatores de interesse em relação à prevalência de HAS ponderada e padronizada por sexo e idade. Após a padronização, a prevalência de HAS tendeu a aumentar nas capitais com população mais jovem e a diminuir naquelas com mais idosos. Nos modelos de regressão, mantiveram-se associados à prevalência de HAS, ponderada e padronizada, o excesso de peso e o consumo de frutas e hortaliças. Porém, a atividade física associou-se negativamente apenas à prevalência de HAS ponderada. Observou-se, com a prevalência ponderada e padronizada de HAS, associação positiva com excesso de peso e consumo regular de frutas e hortaliças e apenas com a prevalência ponderada observou-se associação inversa dessa morbidade com a prática de atividade física.
Uso de indicadores de nível local para análise espacial da morbidade por diarreia e sua relação com as condições de vida
Authors: Torres Raquel Marica Cardoso , Bittencourt Sonia Azevedo , Oliveira Rosely Magalhães de , Siqueira Alexandre San Pedro , Sabroza Paulo Chagastelles , Toledo Luciano Medeiros de
Published: January 2013

Nos países em desenvolvimento, cada criança, apresentou em média três episódios de diarreia por ano, no século XX. No Brasil, a diminuição do número de óbitos por diarreia esteve mais associada à aplicação de técnicas de controle do que por transformações nas condições de vida. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a distribuição espacial da morbidade por diarreia em crianças e sua associação com condições de vida. Estudo ecológico, tendo como unidade de análise os bairros do município de Itaboraí. A população do estudo foram as crianças < 5 anos hospitalizadas por diarreia, nos anos 2006 a 2009, disponíveis no SIH. Foram estabelecidos os indicadores Razão de Internações por Diarreia (RID) e Indicador Composto de condições de vida (ICV). As diarreias ainda representam elevada parcela das hospitalizações em crianças (15,5% entre 2006 e 2009). A RID foi elevada no período (69,7 hospitalizações/ 1.000 NV). A análise espacial identificou que os bairros com maiores valores de RID foram, em sua maioria, aqueles com maiores aglomerações populacionais e melhores condições de vida.
Five year monitoring of curing solutions of heat-cured mortars affected by delayed ettringite formation
Authors: Aubert Jean-Emmanuel , Escadeillas Gilles , Leklou Nordine
Published: January 2013

The work presented in this paper studies the leaching of heat-cured mortars affected by delayed ettringite formation (DEF). For this, the expansion and the leaching of various elements (OH−, Ca2+, Na+ and K+) were monitored for more than 5 years in three mortars: a reference mortar and two compositions in which 3·11% of Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate) and 1·75% of NaOH (sodium hydroxide) were added to the mixture. The four mortars expanded but with different kinetics. pH, conductivity and leaching of calcium had the same global variation: a fast decrease during the first few days of curing, a strong increase after the beginning of the expansions and, lastly, a plateau of several months followed, or not (depending on the mixtures and the progress of the reaction), by a strong decrease in leaching. Finally, the results suggest that the reasons for DEF are not only related to the leaching of alkalis.
Heave of a railway bridge: modelling gypsum crystal growth
Authors: RAMON A. , ALONSO E.E.
Published: January 2013

The heave of the central pillars of a railway bridge, founded on large-diameter bored piles, is a consequence of gypsum crystal growth in an anhydritic claystone stratum underlying the tip of the piles. The heave mechanism is explained by the presence of circulating water in the fractured anhydritic level. The model developed to reproduce the observed phenomena integrates a set of balance equations that includes two soluble species (gypsum and anhydrite) in addition to the inert minerals, kinetic equations for dissolution and precipitation, mechanical equilibrium, and the effect of precipitated mass on induced volumetric strains. Model calculations are compared with measured long-term field records of heave. Most of the model parameters are physico-chemical constants, a positive feature that limits the effort to calibrate material constants. The model is capable of accurate mid-term heave prediction, and it also correctly includes the effect of building a surface embankment with the purpose of reducing the heave rate. A sensitivity study is reported to achieve a deeper insight into the phenomena, and to investigate the relevance of a few controlling parameters.
Cavity expansion model for the bearing capacity and settlement of circular shallow foundations on clay
Authors: McMAHON B.T. , HAIGH S.K. , BOLTON M.D.
Published: January 2013

The use of an ellipsoidal cavity expansion model to estimate the bearing capacity and settlement of circular shallow foundations on clay is presented. The model uses an upper-bound energy approach with contours of constant soil displacement taken to be ellipsoidal within a hemispherical outer boundary. The elastic and plastic work done within the soil are equated to the footing work, with yield being defined using the von Mises' yield criterion. It is shown that, for two different soil rigidities, results are consistent with those obtained from finite-element analyses available in the literature. A relationship between the bearing stress on a circular shallow foundation and its normalised settlement is developed, with an expression provided for the linear working range.
Some unexpected effects of natural and anthropogenic chemicals on construction
Authors: JEFFERIS S.A.
Published: February 2013

From time to time chemicals present in the ground induce reactions that are sufficiently severe to cause structural damage, or risks to the health and safety of construction workers or end users of construction work. Such chemicals include those from contaminated land, which can complicate the design of underground works and may add significantly to costs. However, investigation techniques and remedial procedures are now well established for many contaminated land chemicals, and their effects should no longer come as a surprise to the construction team. In contrast, chemicals naturally present in the ground or deliberately introduced into it can lead to unexpected problems – especially if their effect is greatly out of proportion to their concentration in the ground. This paper gives brief case histories of some unanticipated effects of changes in redox potential associated with carbon, iron, nitrogen and sulfur species.
Evaluation of shear performance of steel fibre reinforced concrete beams using a modified smeared-truss model
Authors: Hwang Jin-Ha , Lee Deuck Hang , Kim Kang Su , Ju Hyunjin , Seo Soo-Yeon
Published: January 2013

Numerous experimental and analytical investigations have been conducted on the shear strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) members. However, most existing strength evaluation models are empirical equations based on limited experimental results lacking in theoretical basis, and these models may lead to overly conservative, uneconomical designs owing to the assumption of 45° crack inclination. They also cannot be expanded to estimate load–deformation responses of SFRC members. In order to overcome these limitations in existing models, this study proposes a theoretical model in which the contribution of steel fibres to shear resistance mechanisms of SFRC members, considering the random distribution characteristics and directionality of fibres at the crack interfaces, is reflected in a smeared-truss model. In particular, the pull-out failure of fibres caused by bond failure between fibres and the surrounding concrete is considered. Shear tests on SFRC beams were also conducted in this study with the primary parameters of fibre volume fraction and compressive strength, and experimental results from the literature were used for validation purpose. The proposed model shows a high level of accuracy in strength evaluation for a total of 103 experimental results. The crack inclination angles estimated by the proposed model range from 22° to 30° and agree well with the experimental results of this work. This demonstrates that the 45° crack angle assumed in the existing shear strength evaluation models is unnecessarily conservative.
Effect of nano-calcium carbonate on early-age properties of ultra-high-performance concrete
Authors: Camiletti Jessica , Soliman Ahmed M. , Nehdi Moncef L.
Published: January 2013

In this study, the effects of nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) addition on the early-age properties of ultra-high-performance concrete cured at simulated cold and normal field conditions were investigated. The nano-CaCO3was added at rates of 0, 2·5, 5, 10 and 15% as a partial volume replacement for cement. Similar mixtures incorporating chloride- and non-chloride-based accelerating admixtures were also tested for comparison. Results indicate the high potential of nano-CaCO3to accelerate the setting and hardening process of ultra-high-performance concrete through providing nucleation sites, increasing contact points and increasing the effective water-to-cement ratio. Although nano-CaCO3exhibited a comparable or slightly lower accelerating effect to that of the chloride- and non-chloride-based accelerating admixtures, it brings a number of benefits to concrete production. These include the development of low-maintenance structures through eliminating the risk of steel corrosion induced by chloride-based accelerating admixtures, as well as a more environmentally friendly concrete through reducing the cement factor of ultra-high-performance concrete.
Predicting breeding shorebird distributions on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska
Authors: Saalfeld Sarah T. , Lanctot Richard B. , Brown Stephen C. , Saalfeld David T. , Johnson James A. , Andres Brad A. , Bart Jonathan R.
Published: January 2013

The Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska is an important region for millions of migrating and nesting shorebirds. However, this region is threatened by climate change and increased human development (e.g., oil and gas production) that have the potential to greatly impact shorebird populations and breeding habitat in the near future. Because historic data on shorebird distributions in the ACP are very coarse and incomplete, we sought to develop detailed, contemporary distribution maps so that the potential impacts of climate‐mediated changes and development could be ascertained. To do this, we developed and mapped habitat suitability indices for eight species of shorebirds (Black‐bellied Plover [Pluvialis squatarola], American Golden‐Plover [Pluvialis dominica], Semipalmated Sandpiper [Calidris pusilla], Pectoral Sandpiper [Calidris melanotos], Dunlin [Calidris alpina], Long‐billed Dowitcher [Limnodromus scolopaceus], Red‐necked Phalarope [Phalaropus lobatus], and Red Phalarope [Phalaropus fulicarius]) that commonly breed within the ACP of Alaska. These habitat suitability models were based on 767 plots surveyed during nine years between 1998 and 2008 (surveys were not conducted in 2003 and 2005), using single‐visit rapid area searches during territory establishment and incubation (8 June–1 July). Species‐specific habitat suitability indices were developed and mapped using presence‐only modeling techniques (partitioned Mahalanobis distance) and landscape environmental variables. For most species, habitat suitability increased at lower elevations (i.e., near the coast and river deltas) and decreased within upland habitats. Accuracy of models was high for all species, ranging from 65–98%. Our models predicted that the largest fraction of suitable habitat for the majority of species occurred within the National Petroleum Reserve‐Alaska, with highly suitable habitat also occurring within coastal areas of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge west to Prudhoe Bay.
Epigenetic Regulation of TNFA Expression in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Zhang Shaoping , Barros Silvana P. , Moretti Antonio J. , Yu Ning , Zhou Jing , Preisser John S. , Niculescu Mihai D. , Offenbacher Steven
Published: January 2013

Background: Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) plays a central role in the molecular pathogenesis of periodontal disease. However, the epigenetic regulation attributable to microbial and inflammatory signals at the biofilm–gingival interface are poorly understood. In this study, the DNA methylation alteration within the TNFA promoter in human gingival biopsies from different stages of periodontal disease is investigated and the regulatory mechanism of TNFA transcription by DNA methylation is explored.

Methods: Gingival biopsies were obtained from 17 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 18 periodontally healthy individuals. Another 11 individuals participated in an experimentally induced gingivitis study, and gingival biopsies were collected at the baseline, induction, and resolution phase. To confirm that TNFA promoter methylation modulated TNFA transcription, THP.1 cells were treated with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5‐Aza‐2‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐2dC), and an RAW294.7 cell line transfected with a TNFA promoter‐specific luciferase reporter system with or without methylation was used.

Results: In gingival biopsies from individuals with severe CP, two individual cytosine‐guanine dinucleotides (CpG sites) within the TNFA promoter (at −163 and −161 bp) displayed increased methylation in CP samples compared to those with gingival health (16.1% ± 5.1% versus 11.0% ± 4.6%, P = 0.02 and 19.8% ± 4.1% versus 15.4% ± 3.6%, P = 0.04, respectively). The methylation level at −163 bp was inversely associated with the transcription level of TNFA (P = 0.018). However, no significant difference in the TNFA promoter methylation pattern was observed in samples biopsied during the induction or resolution phase of experimentally induced gingivitis, which represented a reversible periodontal lesion. THP.1 cells treated with 5‐Aza‐2dC demonstrated a time‐dependent increase in TNFA messenger level. It was also found that the luciferase activity decreased 2.6‐fold in a construct containing an in vitro methylated TNFA promoter when compared to the unmethylated insert (P = 0.03).

Conclusion: Although the biopsy samples represented a mixed cell population, the change in promoter methylation status in chronic periodontal disease suggested that DNA methylation may be an important regulatory mechanism in controlling TNFA transcriptional expression in periodontal disease.
Increased Levels of Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 in Smokers With Periodontitis
Authors: Anil Sukumaran , Preethanath R.S. , Alasqah Mohammed , Mokeem Sameer A. , Anand Pradeep S.
Published: January 2013

Background: Smoking alters the host response, including vascular function, neutrophil/monocyte activities, adhesion molecule expression, antibody production, and cytokine and inflammatory mediator release. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) is involved in the activation and recruitment of inflammatory and immune cells to infected sites, thereby mediating a variety of pathophysiologic conditions. Estimation of serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) MCP levels could be a reliable indicator of periodontal disease activity. Hence, the objective of this study is to analyze the serum and GCF MCP‐1 levels of smokers and never‐smokers with periodontitis and compare them with those in periodontally healthy individuals.

Methods: A total of 90 participants (30 periodontally healthy individuals, 30 non‐smoking individuals with periodontitis, and 30 smokers with periodontitis) formed the study group. Serum and GCF samples were collected, and MCP‐1 levels were estimated using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Mean MCP‐1 levels in serum and GCF were found to be highest in smokers with periodontitis, followed by the periodontitis group, and then by the healthy controls. The values were statistically significant (P <0.001).

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the high levels of both serum and GCF MCP‐1 found in smokers could explain the severity of periodontitis in smokers. More longitudinal, prospective studies will help to verify the observations of the present study. Further research in this direction could reveal reliable markers to forecast the progression of periodontitis in high‐risk groups.
Anomalous Foam-Fractional-Flow Solutions at High-Injection Foam Quality
Authors: Roostapour A.. , Kam S.I.. I.
Published: February 2013

A thorough understanding of foam fundamentals is crucial to the optimal design of foams for improved oil recovery (IOR) or enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This study, for the first time, presents anomalous foam-fractional-flow solutions that deviate significantly from the conventional solutions at high-injection foam qualities by comparing method-of-characteristics and mechanistic bubble-population-balance simulations.

The results from modeling and simulations derived from coreflood experiments revealed the following: The fraction of grinding energy contributed by the flowing gas (fg)There are three regions—Region A with relatively wet (or high fw) injection conditions in which the solutions are consistent with the conventional fractional-flow theory; Region C with very dry (or low fw) injection conditions in which the solutions deviate significantly; and Region B in between, which has a negative dfw/dSw slope showing physically unstable solutions.For dry-injection conditions in Region C, the solutions require a constant state (IJ) between initial (I) and injection (J) conditions, forcing a shock from I to IJ by intersecting fractional-flow curves, followed by spreading waves or another shock to reach from IJ to J.The location of IJ in fw vs. Sw domain moves to the left (or toward lower Sw) as the total injection velocity increases for both weak and strong foams until it reaches limiting water saturation.

Even though foams at high-injection quality are popular for mobility control associating a minimum amount of surfactant solutions, foam behaviors at dry conditions have not been thoroughly investigated and understood. The outcome of this study is believed to be helpful to the successful planning of foam IOR/EOR field applications.
Investigation of Anisotropic Mixing in Miscible Displacements
Authors: Adepoju Olaoluwa O. , Lake Larry W. , Johns Russell T.
Published: February 2013

Dispersion (or local mixing) degrades miscibility in miscible-flood displacements by interfering with the transfer of intermediate components that develop miscibility. Dispersion, however, also can improve oil recovery by increasing sweep efficiency. Either way, dispersion is an important factor in understanding miscible-flood performance.

This paper investigates longitudinal and transverse local mixing in a finite-difference compositional simulator at different scales (both fine and coarse scale) using a 2D convection-dispersion model. All simulations were of constant-mobility and -density, first-contact miscible flow. The model allows for variations of velocity in both directions. We analyzed local (gridblock) concentration profiles for various miscible-displacement models with different scales of heterogeneity and permeability autocorrelation lengths. To infer dispersivity, we fitted an analytical 2D convection-dispersion model to the local concentration profile to determine local longitudinal and transverse dispersivities simultaneously. Streamlines of simulation models were traced using the algorithm proposed by Pollock (1988). To our knowledge, this is the first systematic attempt to numerically study local transverse dispersivity.

The results show that transverse mixing, which is usually neglected in the 1D convection-dispersion model of dispersion, is significant when the flow direction changes locally as a result of heterogeneity. The computed streamlines, which highlight the variation in flow directions, agree with the computed transverse-dispersivity trends. We find that both transverse and longitudinal dispersion can grow with travel distance and that there are several instances in which transverse dispersion is the larger of the two.

Often, the variations in the streamlines are suppressed (homogenized) during upscaling. This paper gives a quantitative and systematic procedure to estimate the degree of transverse mixing (dispersivity) in any model. We conclude that local mixing, including transverse mixing, should be considered when upscaling a fine-scale model for miscible displacement to ensure proper preservation of fine-scale sweep and displacement efficiency and ultimate oil recovery for miscible-displacement simulations.
Improvement of Cloud Radiative Forcing and Its Impact on Weather Forecasts
Authors: Chen Qiying , Liang Xin-Zhong , Xu Min , Ling Tiejun , Wang Julian X.L.
Published: February 2013

The global numerical weather prediction model GRAPES at the National Meteorological Center of the China
Meteorological Administration is subject to substantial systematic discrepancies from satellite-retrieved cloud cover,
cloud water contents, and radiative fluxes. In particular, GRAPES produces insufficient total cloud cover and liquid water
amounts and, consequently, greatly underestimates cloud radiative forcings and causes substantial radiation budget errors.
Along with updates of several physics components, new parameterization schemes are incorporated in this study to more
realistically represent cloud-radiation interactions. These schemes include predictions for cloud cover, liquid water, and
effective radius as well as radiative effects of partial clouds and in-cloud inhomogeneity. As a result, radiation fluxes and
cloud radiative forcings at both the surface and top of the atmosphere agree much better with the best available satellite
data. The global mean model biases in most radiation fluxes using the new physics are approximately three times smaller
than using the original physics. These improvements enhance the model weather forecast skills for key surface variables,
including precipitation and 2 m temperature, and for height and temperature in the lower troposphere. Although nontrivial
biases still exist, this study nonetheless represents the first essential step toward correcting the radiation imbalance
before tackling other formulation deficiencies so that significantly enhanced GRAPES weather forecast skills can
eventually be achieved.
Application of PC-SAFT and cubic equations of state for the correlation of solubility of some pharmaceutical and statin drugs in SC-CO2
Authors: Abdallah El , Si-Moussa C. , Hanini S. , Laidi M.
Published: February 2013

In this work, the solubilities of some anti-inflammatory (nabumetone,
phenylbutazone and salicylamide) and statin drugs (fluvastatin, atorvastatin,
lovastatin, simvastatin and rosuvastatin) were correlated using the
Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) with
one-parameter mixing rule and commonly used cubic equations of state
Peng-Robinson (PR) and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) combining with van-der
Waals-1 parameter (VDW1) and van-der Waals-2 parameters (VDW2) mixing rules.
The experimental data for studied compounds were taken from literature at
temperature and pressure in ranges (308-348 K) and (100-360 bar)
respectively. The critical properties required for the correlation with PR
and SRK were estimated using Gani and Noonalol contribution group methods
whereas, PC-SAFT pure-component parameters; segment number (m), segment
diameter (?) and energy parameter (?/k) have been estimated by tihic?s group
contribution method for nabumetone. For phenylbutazone and salicylamide those
parameters were determined using a linear correlation. For statin drugs,
PC-SAFT parameters were fitted to solubility data, and binary interaction
parameters (kij and lij) have been obtained by fitting the experimental data.
The result was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data and
showed that PC-SAFT approach can be used to model solid-SCF equilibrium with
better correlation accuracy than cubic equations of state.
Ceramic materials of the quasi-binary LaB6-MoB2 system
Authors: Kysla Galyna , Loboda Petro
Published: January 2013

Alloys of the quasi-binary LaB6-MoB2 system synthesized by melting in an
atmosphere of helium have been studied. It has been established that the
phase diagram of the system is eutectic and the phases do not interact. The
eutectic colony crystallizes in form of the platelike eutectic on the basis
of the LaB6 crystal of a cubic structure. It has been also shown that the
crystallization from melt under conditions of crusibleless zone melting is
accompanied by the MoB2 phase decomposes during cooling with precipitation of
the submicron Mo2B5 and ?-MoB crystallites. This results in an increase of
hardness. According to the Mo - B phase diagram, the decomposition
temperature of the MoB2 increases with increasing the boron content. In
addition, the degree of the decomposition is higher if the melting point of
alloy is higher, since the intensity of diffusion process increases at high
temperatures.
Tunability modeling and experiments for BaTiO3-based solid solutions
Authors: Curecheriu Lavinia-Petronela
Published: January 2013

In this paper, the electric field dependence of the dielectric constant in
some BaTiO3-based ferroelectrics is theoretically described by means of the
Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) theory and its? approximations valid for low
polarizations (Johnson?s equation and even-power relation) when the sample is
in its ferroelectric state and by a model considering random non-interacting
dipolar units in a double well potential for the paraelectric state.
High-voltage tunability data were obtained at room temperature for
BaZr0.10Ti0.90O3 and Ba0.70Sr0.30TiO3 ceramics. The data were well fitted by
using the Johnson?s approximation for the ferroelectric-relaxor
BaZr0.10Ti0.90 O3 and satisfactory for the Ba0.70Sr0.30TiO3 ceramics, close
to its ferro-para phase transition. For the last one, the non-interacting
dipolar units model allows to determine the average dipolar moment.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of bismuth oxide
Authors: Bartonickova Eva , Cihlar Jaroslav , Castkova Klara
Published: January 2013

Single phase and ultrafine bismuth oxide was synthesized via
microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The effect of reaction parameters
(temperature/pressure and pH) on the product phase composition and morphology
was discussed. The transformation of bismuth hydroxide into bismuth oxide was
controlled by pH value and it was accelerated by time and temperature. The
phase composition of reaction products was strongly dependent on pH value.
The amorphous products were obtained at acidic pH conditions and the
crystalline single phase product ?-Bi2O3 phase was obtained at pH ?12. The
particle size was reduced from micrometric to nanometric size in the presence
of a chelating agent. The bismuth hydroxides into bismuth oxides
transformation mechanism, consisting in polycondensation of Bi - OH bounds to
Bi-O-Bi bridges and crystallization of Bi2O3, was proposed.
Processing, mechanical and thermophysical properties of silicon nitride based composites with carbon nanotubes and graphene
Authors: Koszor O. , Wéber F. , Arató P. , Lindemann A. , Biró L.P. , Horváth Z.E. , Kónya Z. , Kiricsi I. , Balázsi Cs.
Published: January 2013

Silicon nitride based composites with different amount (1, 2 and 3 wt%) of
multi-wall and single-wall carbon nanotubes, and graphene have been prepared.
Optimisation of the manufacturing processes has been conducted to preserve
the carbon nanotubes in composites and to avoid damaging during high
temperature processing. The first results show that carbon nanotubes have a
good contact to the surface of silicon nitride grains. In the case of
increase of sintering pressure an increase of bending strength was achieved.
It was found that microstructure features achieved by properly designed
sintering parameters are the main responsible factors for the strength
improvements.
Historical materials from the medieval fortress Bac
Authors: Petrovic Snezana , Jovanov Vojo , Vujovic Slavica , Ranogajec Jonjaua , Fidancevska Emilija
Published: January 2013

Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage are the objects of great
interest worldwide. For setting the correct methodology for the procedures of
the restoration it is very important to have the right information about the
state of the object and the characteristics of the original materials. The
basis of our examinations were clay products (samples of bricks, terracotta
and clay roof tile) from the middle ages, the fortress in Bac. The following
methods were used: x-ray diffraction, classic chemical analysis, SEM-EDS,
Hg-porosimetry and dilatometry. Based on the used methods, mineral
composition, temperature and regime of firing and textural properties of the
examined materials were determined. The degree of destruction of examined
materials was also identified, in order to find compatible materials for
future techniques of conservation and restoration.
Influence of forming method and sintering process on densification and final microstructure of submicrometre alumina ceramics
Authors: Mikoczyová Monika , Galusek Dusan
Published: January 2013

Conditions of green body preparation and consequently the conditions of
sintering are prerequisite for the preparation of dense samples of Al2O3 with
superior optical and mechanical properties. The goal of this work was to
determine the optimum forming conditions for preparation of green body, and
to find out the optimal sintering regime facilitating the preparation of
ultra-fine grained high purity alumina with maximal density, fine
microstructure and small pore size. Axial pressing followed by CIP was found
to yield green body with the highest density and narrowest pore size
distribution. In the two-stage sintering regime the temperature T1 has to be
higher or equal to 1300?C to obtain closed porosity unstable against
shrinkage. The temperature T2 ? 1130?C was found to be too high for
suppression of grain growth in the final stage of sintering and sintering
trajectory was identical with that from standard sintering regime.
The preparation of dental glass-ceramic composites with controlled fraction of leucite crystals
Authors: Mrázová Martina , Klouzková Alexandra , Pallich Martin , Kohoutková Martinac
Published: January 2013

This work is dealing with synthesis of leucite powder, which can be used for
the preparation of dental glassceramic composites by subsequent thermal
treatment. Newly developed procedure is based on preparation of dental raw
material as a mixture of two separate compounds: the crystalline leucite
powder prepared at relatively low temperature and a commercial matrix powder.
Hydrothermal synthesis of tetragonal leucite particles (KAlSi2O6) with the
average size of about 3 ?m was developed in our laboratory. The leucite
dental raw material was prepared by mixing of 20 wt.% of synthetic tetragonal
leucite with commercial matrix. Dental composites were prepared from the
dental raw material by uniaxial pressing and firing up to 960?C. Dilatometric
measurements confirmed that the coefficient of thermal expansion increased by
32% when 20 wt.% of the tetragonal leucite was added into the basic matrix.
In addition, it was showed that the synthesized leucite powder was suitable
for the preparation of leucite composites with controlled coefficient of
thermal expansion. High value of the thermal expansion coefficient enables
application of prepared composite in metal-ceramics restorations.
Cordierite (2MgO•2Al2O3•5SiO2) synthesis by unconventional methods
Authors: Ianoşev Silvana , Lazău Ioan , Păcurariu Cornelia , Avramescu Antoneta
Published: January 2013

The cordierite was synthesized by two unconventional methods: 1) the method
which uses hydrosilicate precursors and 2) the method which uses organic
precursors. Comparison of these synthesis methods with the classical one is
the main subject of the presented paper. The influence of Li2O on the
cordierite phase formation was investigated too. The results have suggested
that the method which uses hydrosilicate precursors provides the SiO2 linkage
as magnesium metasilicate, but is not adequate for the cordierite synthesis.
Only in the presence of Li2O considerably amount of the ?-cordierite
modification was formed, confirming the mineralizing effect of this oxide. In
addition, the results have clearly demonstrated that the method which uses
organic precursors is suitable for the cordierite synthesis. Thus, even
without mineralizer it can be used for the preparation of the almost pure
?-cordierite at 1200?C. Because of that this method was used to obtain
pigments with cordierite structure, in which Al3+ was partially substituted
with Cr3+ (pink pale colour), and Mg2+ was partially substituted with Co2+
(blue colour).
Processing and characterization of glass reinforced biogenic hydroxyapatite composites with ferromagnetic additives
Authors: Pinchuk Nataliya , Kuda Oleksiy , Ivanchenko Liana , Lazorenko Vasyl , Leonowicz Marcin , Szutkowska M.
Published: January 2013

Biogenic hydroxyapatite-glass composites, with addition of up to 2 wt.% of Fe
or Fe3O4, were fabricated from biogenic hydroxyapatite powder and four types
of reinforcing glasses by sintering under different conditions. It has been
established that the relative density, mechanical and magnetic properties of
the prepared composites depend on the composition and sintering conditions.
The composites with 1 wt.% Fe or Fe3O4 sintered at 500?? in vacuum have a
magnetic susceptibility of 2-3?10-3 cm3/g. This parameter decreases to
0.858?10-3 cm3/g for the specimens with 1 wt.% additives sintered at 800?? in
vacuum and to 0.27-1.3?10-3 cm3/g for the specimens with 2 wt.% additives
sintered at 500?? under the usual atmospheric conditions. The magnetic
susceptibility for the specimens with 2 wt.% additives sintered at 780??
under the same atmospheric conditions decreases to 0.24-1.25?10-6 cm3/g.
These ferromagnetic additives influence the degradation rate in vitro within
the first 40 min of the composite soaking. Short-term treatment of specimens
by the magnetic field leads to an increase in the initial degradation rate,
but insignificantly influences it within more prolonged soaking.
Kinetics of dissolution of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) bioceramics
Authors: Brazda Lukas , Rohanova Dana , Helebrant Ales
Published: January 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and ?-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) are widely used
bioceramics for surgical or dental applications. This paper is dealing with
dissolution kinetics of synthetically prepared ?-TCP and four types of HAp
granules. Two groups of HAp, treated at different temperatures, each of them
with two different granule sizes, were tested. Three corrosive solutions
with different pH and simulated body fluid (SBF) were used for immersing of
the samples. Changes in concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions, pH
level and weight changes of the samples were observed. It was found that
presence of TRIS buffer enhanced dissolution rate of the ?-TCP approximately
two times. When exposed to SBF solution, calcium phosphate (most probably
hydroxyapatite) precipitation predominates over ?-TCP dissolution. Results
from HAp samples dissolution showed some unexpected findings. Neither heat
treatment nor HAp particle size made any major differences in dissolution
rate of the same mass of each HAp sample.
Fabrication of slag-glass composite with controlled porosity
Authors: Adziski Ranko , Anguseva Biljana , Fidancevska Emilija
Published: January 2013

The preparation and performance of porous ceramics made from waste materials
were investigated. Slag from thermal electrical plant Kakanj (Bosnia and
Herzegovina) with defined granulations: (0.500?0.250 mm); (0.250?0.125 mm);
(0.125?0.063 mm); (0.063?0.045 mm) and 20 / 10 wt.% of the waste TV screen
glass with a granulation <0.063 mm were used for obtaining slag-glass
composites with controlled porosity. The one produced from the slag powder
fraction (0.125?0.063 mm) and 20 wt.% TV screen glass, sintered at 950?C/2h,
was considered as the optimal. This system possesses open porosity of
26.8?1.0%, and interconnected pores with the size of 250-400 ?m. The values
of E-modulus and bending strength of this composite were 10.6?0.6 GPa and
45.7?0.7 MPa, respectively. The coefficient of thermal expansion was
8.47?10-6/?C. The mass loss in 0.1M HCl solution after 30 days was 1.2 wt.%.
The permeability and the form coefficient of the porous composite were K0=
0.12 Da and C0= 4.53?105 m-1, respectively. The porous composite shows great
potential to be used as filters, diffusers for water aeration, dust
collectors, acoustic absorbers, etc.
Whistleblowing in Audit Firms: Organizational Response and Power Distance
Authors: Taylor Eileen Z. , Curtis Mary B.
Published: February 2013

This paper investigates auditors' likelihood to report observations of colleagues' unethical behavior. We consider whether two characteristics that are particularly relevant to the audit environment, prior organizational response and power distance, affect willingness to report. Data collected from 106 senior-level auditors suggest auditors are more likely to report on their peers than on their superiors, but they are more likely to report superiors when prior organizational response is strong than when it is weak. Additionally, men appear to be relatively less sensitive to variations in power distance or prior organization response than women. Moral intensity of the case is significantly related to reporting likelihood, and power distance moderates this effect such that those who perceive this scenario to be of lower moral intensity are much more influenced by power distance than are those who perceive it to be of high moral intensity. These results contribute to the existing literature on accounting ethics, as well as inform public accounting governance policies.