Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape
Authors: Burton A. Cole , Beirne Christopher , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Sun Catherine , Granados Alys , Allen Maximilian L. , Alston Jesse M. , Alvarenga Guilherme C. , Calderón Francisco Samuel Álvarez , Amir Zachary , Anhalt-Depies Christine , Appel Cara , Arroyo-Arce Stephanny , Balme Guy , Bar-Massada Avi , Barcelos Daniele , Barr Evan , Barthelmess Erika L. , Baruzzi Carolina , Basak Sayantani M. , Beenaerts Natalie , Belmaker Jonathan , Belova Olgirda , Bezarević Branko , Bird Tori , Bogan Daniel A. , Bogdanović Neda , Boyce Andy , Boyce Mark , Brandt LaRoy , Brodie Jedediah F. , Brooke Jarred , Bubnicki Jakub W. , Cagnacci Francesca , Carr Benjamin Scott , Carvalho João , Casaer Jim , Černe Rok , Chen Ron , Chow Emily , Churski Marcin , Cincotta Connor , Ćirović Duško , Coates T. D. , Compton Justin , Coon Courtney , Cove Michael V. , Crupi Anthony P. , Farra Simone Dal , Darracq Andrea K. , Davis Miranda , Dawe Kimberly , De Waele Valerie , Descalzo Esther , Diserens Tom A. , Drimaj Jakub , Duľa Martin , Ellis-Felege Susan , Ellison Caroline , Ertürk Alper , Fantle-Lepczyk Jean , Favreau Jorie , Fennell Mitch , Ferreras Pablo , Ferretti Francesco , Fiderer Christian , Finnegan Laura , Fisher Jason T. , Fisher-Reid M. Caitlin , Flaherty Elizabeth A. , Fležar Urša , Flousek Jiří , Foca Jennifer M. , Ford Adam , Franzetti Barbara , Frey Sandra , Fritts Sarah , Frýbová Šárka , Furnas Brett , Gerber Brian , Geyle Hayley M. , Giménez Diego G. , Giordano Anthony J. , Gomercic Tomislav , Gompper Matthew E. , Gräbin Diogo Maia , Gray Morgan , Green Austin , Hagen Robert , Hagen Robert , Hammerich Steven , Hanekom Catharine , Hansen Christopher , Hasstedt Steven , Hebblewhite Mark , Heurich Marco , Hofmeester Tim R. , Hubbard Tru , Jachowski David , Jansen Patrick A. , Jaspers Kodi Jo , Jensen Alex , Jordan Mark , Kaizer Mariane C. , Kelly Marcella J. , Kohl Michel T. , Kramer-Schadt Stephanie , Krofel Miha , Krug Andrea , Kuhn Kellie M. , Kuijper Dries P. J. , Kuprewicz Erin K. , Kusak Josip , Kutal Miroslav , Lafferty Diana J. R. , LaRose Summer , Lashley Marcus , Lathrop Richard , Lee Thomas E. , Lepczyk Christopher , Lesmeister Damon B. , Licoppe Alain , Linnell Marco , Loch Jan , Long Robert , Lonsinger Robert C. , Louvrier Julie , Luskin Matthew Scott , MacKay Paula , Maher Sean , Manet Benoît , Mann Gareth K. H. , Marshall Andrew J. , Mason David , McDonald Zara , McKay Tracy , McShea William J. , Mechler Matt , Miaud Claude , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Monteza-Moreno Claudio M. , Moreira-Arce Dario , Mullen Kayleigh , Nagy Christopher , Naidoo Robin , Namir Itai , Nelson Carrie , O’Neill Brian , O’Mara M. Teague , Oberosler Valentina , Osorio Christian , Ossi Federico , Palencia Pablo , Pearson Kimberly , Pedrotti Luca , Pekins Charles E. , Pendergast Mary , Pinho Fernando F. , Plhal Radim , Pocasangre-Orellana Xochilt , Price Melissa , Procko Michael , Proctor Mike D. , Ramalho Emiliano Esterci , Ranc Nathan , Reljic Slaven , Remine Katie , Rentz Michael , Revord Ronald , Reyna-Hurtado Rafael , Risch Derek , Ritchie Euan G. , Romero Andrea , Rota Christopher , Rovero Francesco , Rowe Helen , Rutz Christian , Salvatori Marco , Sandow Derek , Schalk Christopher M. , Scherger Jenna , Schipper Jan , Scognamillo Daniel G. , Şekercioğlu Çağan H. , Semenzato Paola , Sevin Jennifer , Shamon Hila , Shier Catherine , Silva-Rodríguez Eduardo A. , Sindicic Magda , Smyth Lucy K. , Soyumert Anil , Sprague Tiffany , St. Clair Colleen Cassady , Stenglein Jennifer , Stephens Philip A. , Stępniak Kinga Magdalena , Stevens Michael , Stevenson Cassondra , Ternyik Bálint , Thomson Ian , Torres Rita T. , Tremblay Joan , Urrutia Tomas , Vacher Jean-Pierre , Visscher Darcy , Webb Stephen L. , Weber Julian , Weiss Katherine C. B. , Whipple Laura S. , Whittier Christopher A. , Whittington Jesse , Wierzbowska Izabela , Wikelski Martin , Williamson Jacque , Wilmers Christopher C. , Windle Todd , Wittmer Heiko U. , Zharikov Yuri , Zorn Adam , Kays Roland 
Published: March 2024

Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human–wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.