bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pedogenic processes of carbonate rocks in the tropical region as a key for sustainable soil management
Authors: Ahmad A , Farida M , Lopulisa C
Published: February 2021

Efforts to maintain the available nutrients on the soil are very important in management. This research aims to study the pedogenic processes of carbonate rocks in the tropics as a key for sustainable soil management. Five carbonate rock samples and 23 soil samples from 8 soil profiles in areas cultivated as paddy fields were analyzed. Increasing soil depth means decreasing soil organic matter content from 5% to 2%, soil pH ranges from 5.72 to 6.81, but calcium content is only in the low to moderate range (3-8%). The pedogenic process of carbonate rock shows an increase in oxide minerals and nodules both on the part of the soil used in tillage and no-tillage. Most of the calcite minerals that exist in the soil have turned into micrite (small size of calcite minerals), oxide and clay mineral which shows the weathering of calcite minerals which resulting in the release of CO2 because it is not bound in the clay mineral composition and oxide minerals. The release of CO2 gas into the air must be inhibited by the addition of organic matter through the incorporation of crop residues to the soil, so that sustainable land use can be maintained and the greenhouse gas effect can be inhibited.
Response of Andisols to intensive agricultural land use: Implication on changes in P accumulation and colloidal surface charge
Authors: Anda M , Kasno A , Ginting C B , Barus P A , Purwanto S
Published: February 2021

The response of Andisols to intensive agricultural practices were not fully explored although intensive cultivation has been practiced for a long period of time. The objective of the review is to bring together all findings, which have been documented with the focus on changes in soil organic matter, P content and retention, and colloidal surface charge. The Andisols contain an abundance of nano-clay consisting mainly of hollow allophane spherules forming globular aggregates of about 100 nm in diameter, indicating the large reactive surface area. A huge quantity of P has been accumulated in the uppermost two soil horizons, deriving from residue of continuous application of P fertilizer. Andisols have a strong ability to retain organic C through ligand exchange of metal hydroxyl functional groups with organic functional groups. The soil colloids bear a positive charge at soil pH less than 5. The colloidal negative charge is continuously increased with increasing soil pH over 5.0. Hence, the Andisols should be managed by maintaining soil pH above pH 5.0 by adding lime or compost to allow soil capability to retain cation and reduce P fixation. Nano-clay has positive impact on carbon stabilization and therefore C sequestration.
Properties of soils from different landform and parent material in Kundur Island, Kepulauan Riau Province
Authors: Kricella P , Pratamaningsih M M , Subandiono R E
Published: February 2021

Information on soil properties derived from different landform and parent material can be used to establish an agricultural development strategy. This study aimed to determine the properties of the soil in Kundur Island. The soil survey was conducted to determine soils distribution and properties. A total of 24 samples from 8 pedons representing each landform and parent material were taken for laboratory analysis. The results showed that soils in Kundur Island were lying in granite intrusion, alluvial, peat, fluviomarine, and marine landform. The soil classifications were Dystrudepts, Hapludults, Udipsamments, Haplohemists, Haplosaprist, and Endoaquepts. The peatland soil was acidic to very acidic (pH 2.6-3.5) with very high Al saturation (62-81%) due to mineral enrichment. Udipsamments derived from granite intrusion have higher carbon content and slightly lower base saturation than Dystrudepts and Hapludults, which were derived from the same parent material. The soil in fluviomarine landform contains very high exchangeable Na (12.9-18.0 cmolc kg−1) due to the influence of saline water. For the agricultural development in Kundur Island, soil derived from granite intrusion and peatland need liming to suppress soil acidity while soil derived from clay and sand deposits in alluvial and fluviomarine landform should consider saline water intrusion.
Distribution of pyrite depth and soil properties in fresh water swampland in North Candi Laras Sub-district, South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Muslim R Q , Ritung S
Published: February 2021

One of the challenges of swamp land utilization for agricultural uses is the existence of pyrite (FeS2), especially in the top soil. The aim of this research was to study the distribution of pyrite position with depth and soil properties in fresh water swamp land in North Candi Laras Sub-district, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Pyrite layer was determined by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its unique reaction was marked by foam existence with soil pH <2.5. Ten soil samples analyzed to determine physical and chemical properties. The result of this research showed that pyrite depth varied from 25 cm to >100 cm. The depths of pyrite material were grouped into 25 to 50 cm, 51 to 75 cm, 76 to100 cm, and 101 to 150 cm. The closer to the river, pyrite depth in the soil was deeper. The pyrite depth affected soil pH and cations. Soils containing pyrite material were very acidic with an average field soil pH 4.0 to 4.5. Cation Ca, K, Na levels were higher with the shallower pyrite depth in the soil, meanwhile Mg was almost same in all pyrite depth groups. The information of pyrite position within the soil is useful for controlling water table management to prevent pyrite oxidation.
Variability of soil mineralogical composition in Sentra Bareh Solok paddy field as affected by eruption material from Mt. Talang
Authors: Suryani E , Subandiono R E , Yatno E , Hikmat M , Husnain  , Anda M
Published: February 2021

Mt. Talang is one of the active volcanoes in West Sumatra with the last eruption occurred in 2017. The Sentra Bareh Solok paddy field distributed from volcanic middle slope to Singkarak Lacustrine Plain. The composition of sand mineral fraction of nine representative of soil profiles has been analysed using polarization microscope with line counting method. Results show that mineralogical composition are the same, but the amount are different. At the volcanic middle slope, opaque is dominant. It is probably due to thermal formation associated with the melting of existing iron oxides attributed by lava flow. Labradorite and hypersthene are dominant in Alluvial Plain and it could indicate rather slow weathering processes. While, the soils at Lacustrine Plain were dominated by volcanic glass and labradorite and it could be due to silica saturation; more cations and higher pH of soil solution hindering dissolution of minerals. The K-bearing minerals were absent in all soils, indicating K would be the problem as revealed by low K content and its trend decreased from middle slope to the lacustrine. The implication is soils in the Lacustrine Plain and Alluvial Plain would need more K fertilizers than soils in the middle slope.
Identified diseases would threaten on the expansion of Amorphophallus muellery Blume cultivation in Indonesia
Authors: Soedarjo M , Djufry F
Published: February 2021

As one of the important agribusiness crops, Amorphophallus muelleri Blume’s cultivation areas, locally known as “porang”, have significantly increased in the past recent years. The increase in cultivation area has been triggered by the significant rise of corm price and by the government program for enlargement of the porang cultivation. Consequently, farmers would eventually grow the porang on open agricultural land. As a result of cultivation expansion, an increase in corm production is required to meet export demand. Like other tuber crops, which have been cultivated on large and open areas in Indonesia, the porang plant would similarly experience severe damage and even a failure of harvest due to the diseases. The present field observation found infections caused by fungi (Phytophthora colocasia and Sclerotium rolfsii) and a plant virus significantly reduced the corm yield. The paper presented the first report of the diseases on the porang plant. Thus, the expansion of the porang cultivation area in Indonesia would be challenged by the infestation of these diseases.
Application of remediation treatment to reduce lead in the soil of shallot cropping
Authors: Purbalisa W , Zulaehah I , Paputri D M W
Published: February 2021

One of the pollutants on agricultural land is lead (Pb). Remediation is an effort to reduce contamination of heavy metals in agricultural soils. This study aimed to determine lead content in the soil through remediation with plus treatment. The study conducted at screen house on a pot scale using a completely randomized design with three replications and nine treatments, i.e. control/without organic fertilizer (P0), compost (P1), biochar+compost (P2), nanobiochar+compost (P3), nanobiochar+compost+consortia bacteria (P4), compost+consortia bacteria (P5), biochar+compost+consortia bacteria (P6), biochar+compost+botanical pesticide (P7) and biochar+compost+biological agents (P8). Biochar+compost (1:4) applied as basal fertilizer with dose of 2.5 t ha−1. Parameters observed were lead content in the soil at 7 DAA, 37 DAA and harvest, lead content in shallot plants (leaves and tubers) after harvest. Lead analysis used wet ashing method measured by AAS. The results showed the levels of lead metal in soil decreased from time to time except in compost treatment, while the levels of lead metal in shallots were still below of critical limit ≤ 0.5 mg kg−1. P3 treatment has potential to increase productivity while P4 and P0 could reduce lead soil higher than other treatment.
Variability of harvest time of vegetable at different four altitudes based on heat unit analysis
Authors: Suciantini  , Pramudia A
Published: February 2021

The concept of heat unit or degree days for a seasonal crop is calculated from the planting until harvest. Heat unit analysis can help in determining the optimum harvest time. The purpose of this paper was to determine the harvest time for tomato, chili, cucumber, and shallot based on the accumulation of heat unit in different altitudes, such as 8 m (low), 207 m (low), 517 meters (medium) and 920 meters above sea level (high). The heat unit (HU) = (Tavg
-Tbase
) *age of each phase. The reference cumulative value of the heat unit at harvest as follows; tomato is 1,661°C days, chili is 1,690°C days, cucumber is 979.8°C days and shallot is 945.8°C days. Based on the analysis, it is known that in the lowlands the harvest is faster than in the highlands because heat accumulation is achieved more quickly. The harvest time in lowland and highland was vary, as follows; around 41-66 days on tomatoes, 41-66 days on chilies, 30-37 days on cucumbers, and 29-36 days on shallots. By knowing the span of harvest time, it is hoped that the planting schedule for these vegetables will be adjusted to the needs and location.
Identification of cobalt in paddy fields in Karawang and Bekasi Districts
Authors: Paputri D M W , Handayani C O , Sukarjo  , Rianto S , Purnariyanto F
Published: February 2021

Plants need cobalt (Co) for nitrogen fixation and encourage seedling growth. If the amount is excessive, cobalt causes a reduction in crop yield and poisoning. This study aims was to monitor the toxicity levels of cobalt in paddy fields. The study was conducted in the lowland rice fields of Karawang and Bekasi regencies by taking 394 samples of topsoil. The soil samples were collected by survey method. The analysis showed that all samples contained total cobalt, ranging from 0.477 to 31.829 ppm. The data is classified into 3 classes, namely: normal, normal-toxic and toxic under the quality standards of heavy metals in the soil [7]. The classification results showed that 391 samples are categorized as the normal class, 3 samples as the normal-toxic class, and there was no sample categorized as toxic class. The results of this study can be use as a reference for stakeholders to conduct land management to avoid cobalt poisoning.
Composition of media that promotes seedling growth and root nodules of dog fruit (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth)
Authors: Emilda D , Andini M , Martias  , Hariyanto B , Sunyoto
Published: February 2021

A study aimed to find out the best medium to promote plant growth and the presence of root nodules of dog fruit seedlings was conducted at Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) from September 2017 to April 2018. This research was arranged in a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were 10 compositions of media that consisted of a control medium (soil:cow manure = 1:1 v/v) and 9 other combinations of two or three materials, namely: soil, cow manure, compost, and rice husk charcoal with a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) without and with the addition of mycorrhizae. The results showed that the best media to promote dog fruit seedling growth was soil:rice husk charcoal 1:1 (v/v) and the highest number of root nodules was also found in this medium composition. There was no significant growth difference in dog fruit seedlings at 6 months after planting due to the addition of mycorrhizae. The result of this study can be considered in the selection of medium for better seedling growth of dog fruit.
Identification of organochlorine insecticide contamination on shallots land in Nganjuk Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Indratin  , Wahyuni S , Poniman  , Sutriadi M T
Published: February 2021

The high and excessive use of pesticides is reported to have contamination shallot agriculture in Nganjuk Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Information on the presence of organochlorine residues needs to be carried out in the context of controlling environmental contamination as a form of implementing a national food security and security program. The purpose of this study was to identify organochlorine residues in shallot land in Nganjuk Regency. Soil samples from the field were taken in March 2020. Soil samples were taken at random diagonally on a stretch of shallot agriculture. Each overlay represents a sampling point. Organochlorine residue analysis was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory, Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI) using the QuECheRS method. The results showed that the residual of the organochlorine active ingredient of Endosulfan reaches 0.1066 to 0.1646 mg kg−1, Dieldrin reaches 0.181 mg kg−1 and Endrin reaches 0.2249 mg kg−1. These residual numbers have exceeded the MRLs requirements approximately 0.0085 mg kg−1 (Endosulfan), 0.00290 mg kg−1 (Dieldrin) and 0.0075 mg kg−1 (Endrin). These results showed that pollute agricultural land need to get priority on land remediation for sustainable agriculture.
Study of the utilization of ex-tin mining land for agriculture: analysis of land potential and constraints faced
Authors: Agustian A , Ariningsih E , Indraningsih K S , Saliem H P , Suryani E , Susilowati S H , Gunawan E
Published: February 2021

The reclaimed ex-mining land has the potential for agricultural development. This study aims to analyze the potential of existing tin mining land for agricultural purposes and identify the current ex-mining land status and constraints/problems in its utilization. The study was conducted in Bangka Belitung Province in 2016, with a sample of farmers who took part in ex-tin mining activities and official respondents from various institutions/agencies related to the study. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study results show that in the research site, the tin mining business permit (IUP) area (in 2012) was 473.99 thousand ha and around 7,000 ha of ex-mining land has been reclaimed and allowed for planting food crop commodities. However, the community faces several problems in using the ex-mining land, namely land legal status, soil fertility, farmer resource availability, farmers’ skill in farming on ex-mining land and limited farming capital. The clarity of the legal status of the use of ex-mining land is essential to support community interest and increase the use of ex-tin mining land as well as program support from the government in the form of assistance and infrastructure for farming development.
The application of solar water pump for drip irrigation to increase shallot yield on dry land
Authors: Rejekiningrum P , Apriyana Y , Harmanto
Published: February 2021

Solar Water Pump Irrigation System (SIPTS) is a renewable energy to solve water problem in agriculture. SIPTS could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and draw water to agricultural lands through supplementary irrigation. The objectives of research are to design a SIPTS for drip irrigation and to calculate the irrigation efficiency of SIPTS and GHG emission reduction. The results of the study indicate that the use of SIPTS could save fuel consumption from 70 to 14 L ha−1 season−1, resulting in a savings of 400%. Furthermore, the use of SIPTS could reduce GHG emissions originating from the use of hydrocarbon materials from 0.176 to 0.035 t of CO2 which is more environmentally friendly. In addition, the results of water content analysis show that the use of SIPTS with streamline drip irrigation has relatively higher water content than that of farmers’ irrigation practices, this indicates that irrigation system is more effective in distributing water horizontally and vertically. Likewise, plant growth and shallot yield represented indicate higher growth and yield compare to farmers’ practices.
Effects of rice cultivar on the net greenhouse gas emission under continuous flooding and alternate wetting and drying irrigations in paddy field
Authors: Pramono A , Adriany T A , Susilawati H L , Sutriadi M T
Published: February 2021

Rice production has been challenged by increasing food demand and water scarcity. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation is a water-saving irrigation technique for paddy fields. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of rice cultivars on the net greenhouse gas emission under continuous flooding (CF) and AWD irrigations in paddy field. This experiment used randomized complete block design with combination of the water management systems and rice cultivars. There were two water management systems, namely (1) CF and (2) AWD irrigations and three rice cultivars, namely (1) Ciherang, (2) Inpari 32, and (3) Mekongga. The results showed that the AWD irrigation decreased global warming potential by 51%, 40% and 19% when combined Ciherang, Inpari 32 and Mekongga, respectively, compared to CF. The combination of AWD irrigation and Inpari 32 rice cultivar resulted the highest net GHG balance among all treatments approximately 7.9 t ha−1 and also showed the highest profit around IDR 18.3 million ha−1. This study clearly suggested the possibility of reducing GHG emission from the paddy field through appropriate selection of water management and rice cultivars to achieve a technically and economically feasible as a mitigation option.
Rainwater harvesting technology to increase cropping index under perennial crops
Authors: Heryani N , Kartiwa B , Hamdani A , Muhardiono I , Rahayu B , Purwaningasih
Published: February 2021

Spatial and temporal water availability uncertainties are the major constraints to dryland crops productivity. Comprehensive hydrologic survey to determine water harvesting location as supplementary irrigation source is the key to increase dryland cropping index. This research was conducted in Lampung during April to December 2019. The aims of this research were to develop water management designs and irrigation techniques for upland rice and maize cultivation under perennial crops. The applied irrigation techniques consisted of sprinkler, furrow, and hose spray, while 3 varieties of the used upland rice were Rindang 1, Rindang 2, and Inpago 10. Results of this research revealed differences in crop productivity between paddy under “sengon” and rubber. This finding suggests supplement irrigation requirement from water harvesting infrastructures to increase land productivity during dry season. Moreover, the percentage of tolerable shading was up to 50% or 3 year age of the perennial crops.
Greenhouse gas emissions reduction and rice yield potential under bio-fertilizer application
Authors: Yulianingsih E , Pramono A , Setyanto P , Sugiarto
Published: February 2021

Rice cultivation is one of the largest contributors of CH4 emission to the atmosphere. It contributes approximately 5 to 19% of the total global CH4 emissions. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of using of bio-fertilizers on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and rice yield. The experiment was conducted from September 2016 to January 2017 in experimental station of Indonesian Agricultural Environmental Research Institute, Pati Central Java. This experiment used completely randomized design with three treatments and five replications. The treatments were (1) no amendments (control), (2) rice straw 3 t ha−1 and (3) rice straw 3 t ha−1 + bio-fertilizer 10 L ha−1. The CH4, CO2, and N2O gas fluxes were measured weekly during the rice-growing season by using closed chamber method. The results of this study showed that application of straw + bio-fertilizers treatment reduced GHG emissions of CH4, N2O, and CO2 by 9.2, 14.78, and 27.68%, respectively compared to the application of straw treatment. The application of straw + bio-fertilizers treatment decreased global warming potential (GWP) by 10.75% compared to the application of straw. The GHG index (GHGI) of straw + bio-fertilizer treatment decreased 8.27% compare to control. The results suggested that application of bio-fertilizer could support environmentally agriculture in supporting food self-sufficiency.
Developing the swamp planting calendar based on the hydrological model application
Authors: Adi S H , Kartiwa B , Apriyana Y , Sosiawan H , Rejekiningrum P , Gumilar G
Published: February 2021

Determining the beginning of rice planting period is an important cultivation strategy in Indonesia, influenced by climate anomalies. On swamps, the beginning of planting period depends on local rainfall patterns, upstream rainfall, discharge, and water level dynamics. This article presents hydrological model application in developing planting calendar for non-tidal swamp agricultural land. The research location was in Tanjung Alai Village, Padang, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra. This research analyzed multi-variable hydrological data during 1999-2000 period. River discharge was simulated using GR2M model, while land surface elevation dynamic was analyzed using water balance approach. Model parameters included rainfall, evapotranspiration, percolation, river water level, outflow, and inundation level. Results of this study showed the GR2M model calibration between the measured and the Ogan River discharge data had 65% similarity level. The water balance analysis result showed the flooded lands to occur during the decade periods of Jan I to May II, when Ogan River water elevation was between 6.21 and 10.43 m asl. Water balance simulation identified the optimum planting periods were between the decade of May III to July III, when Ogan River water elevation was between 6.73 and 8.83 m, and land water level ranged from 14.96 to 29.56 cm.
Utilization of organic fertilizer in response to mitigate CO2 emission
Authors: Widiastuti D P , Marzuki S U , Hatta M
Published: February 2021

Food security and sovereignty are strategic policy agenda of national security. Accelerating the growth of sustainable food production and improving the welfare of farmers through optimization of land resources are the priority. One way to increase food production and enhance soil quality is through the utilization of organic fertilizers such as livestock waste. In addition, it is expected to reduce CO2 emissions rather than leaving manure untreated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of solid manure and biourine application on increasing maize production and mitigate CO2 emission. This study was conducted in Inceptisols Rasau Jaya II, West Kalimantan. A randomized complete block design trial was established from plots fertilized with solid organic fertilizer (PO), biourine (BIO), solid organic fertilizer+biourine (PO+BIO), and control, with five replications. Parameters observed in this study were CO2 flux and agronomic performance of maize. CO2 emission was measured using the static chamber method, placing chambers on the surface of the soil and taking measurements using an infrared gas analyzer for 125 days. CO2 fluxes ranged from 59.93 to 106.07 Mg ha-1 yr-1 and there was no significant difference among the organic fertilizer treatments; nevertheless, the lowest CO2 flux was illustrated in PO+BIO. Maize productivity was influenced by the organic fertilizer and PO+BIO had the greatest maize yield.
Remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil by chelating agents in shallot plantation land in Bima, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Zu’amah H , Hidayah A , Ardiwinata A N , Paputri D M W , Purbalisa W
Published: February 2021

Arsenic (As) contaminated agricultural land in Bima is due to the use of synthetic fertilizers and excessive pesticides in the shallot cultivation system. One of the efforts to remediate the contaminated soil by using the chelating agent. The research aims to study the ability of various chelating agents to remediate As contaminated soil and also examined the effect of chelating agents on arsenic concentration in shallot bulbs and production. The study was conducted at the shallot production center of Kalampa Village, Woha Subdistrict, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, which indicated As contamination. The experiment used a randomized block design with three replication and five chelating agents i.e. biochar-compost, chitosan, EDTA, ammonium thiosulfate, zeolite, and control. All treatment of chelating agents can reduce As in the soil up to 70% and significantly different with control. Arsenic content in shallot bulbs with chelating agents treatment is within the safe limit (<1 mg kg−1). Biochar-compost significantly increased the shallot yield. Meanwhile, EDTA treatment did not support shallot production. Biochar-compost and zeolite are recommended for application due to their ability to remediate arsenic in the soil, the lowest concentration of arsenic in shallot bulbs, and the ability to support optimal shallot production.
Soil amelioration using steel slag in drained peatland under oil palm plantation increases CO2 emission
Authors: Marwanto Setiari
Published: February 2021

Increasing the productivity of tropical peatland can be achieved by soil ameliorations using steel slag and lateritic soil. However, the effect of such ameliorants on the peat decomposition is not well understood. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of soil ameliorants of steel slag and lateritic soil to peat decomposition as reflected by CO2 emission. A year study was conducted in smallholder oil palm plantation in Jambi Province, Indonesia to monitor CO2 emission from treatments plots of control (T1), steel slag 600 kg ha−1 (T2), lateritic soil 600 kg ha−1 (T3) and a combination of T2 and T3 (T4), which each treatment had 5 replications. CO2 emission was measured every three months by a closed chamber method. Results showed that CO2 emission were followed the order of T4>T2>T1≥T3. CO2 emission from T4 (49 ± 20 t ha−1 year−1) was 20% higher than T1 (40 ± 23 t ha−1 year−1), while T2 (44 ± 17 t ha−1 year−1) was 9% higher than T1. CO2 emission from T3 (40 ± 14 t ha−1 year−1) was similar to T1. This study showed that steel slag accelerates peat organic matter decomposition which is indicated by higher CO2 emission of steel slag treatments compare to other treatments.
Impact of methane-utilizing bacteria on rice yield, inorganic fertilizers efficiency and methane emissions
Authors: Pratiwi E , Akhdiya A , Purwani J , Husnain  , Syakir M
Published: February 2021

Methane (CH4) is one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Lowland rice cultivation is one of the main sources of methane emissions, accounting for around 5 to 19% of total global CH4. One of the efforts to reduce CH4 gas emissions that is environmentally friendly is through methane-utilizing bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effect of methane-utilizing bacteria on rice yield and methane emissions. The bacterial strains used were Mycobacterium senegalense LM1, Providencia stuartii LM18, Rhizobium rhizoryzae BMU, and Bacillus methylotrophicus N2P4. The research was conducted in the experimental field of The Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Bogor, Indonesia. The experiment was carried out by using a factorial randomized block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the dose of NPK inorganic fertilizer (50%, 75%, 100%). The second factor was bacterial consortium formulas (without bacteria, bacterial consortium 1, bacterial consortium 2). The application of a bacterial consortium containing all strains increased the efficiency of inorganic fertilizers by 25%, increased rice production by 33.55%, and reduced CH4 emissions by 37.26%. It seems that the consortium of methane-utilizing bacteria has the prospect of biofertilizer and mitigation agents to mitigate the impact of global warming.
The potency of sub-micron dolomite in reducing yellow latex contamination in mangosteen fruits
Authors: Martias  , Sparta A , Hendri  , Fatria D , Marlina L , Mansyah E
Published: February 2021

In Indonesia, mangosteen has high potency as an export commodity, but the qualityof the fruit is low. Yellow latex contamination is the the main problem in mangosteen fruit quality. The purpose of this research was to study the potency of sub-micron dolomite to reduce yellow latex contamination. This research was conducted in Guguk district, Lima Puluh Kota regency, West Sumatera province, Indonesia, from June 2016 until March 2017. In this experiment, the productive mangosteen trees (12 years) were used as plant material. This study was arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design, and the treatments were the dosage of sub-micron size of dolomite (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 g per plant). Each unit of treatments consists of three plants and four replications. The results showed that the application 90 g per plant of sub-micron dolomite fertilizer increased Ca level in mangosteen leaves and reduced yellow latex contamination until 19.78%. Application sub-micron dolomite fertilizer above 90 g per plant also tend to reduce the Ca level in mangosteen leaves and increased the yellow latex contamination. While the application 120 g per plant sub micron dolomite increased Mn level in mangosteen leaves, an increase the dosage of sub micron dolomite above 120 g per plant reduced Mn level in mangosteen leaves.
The ability of some microbes to solubilize the hardly soluble phosphorous and potassium from various sources in vitro
Authors: Flatian A N , Anas I , Sutandi A , Ishak
Published: February 2021

Utilization of bio-fertilizer is an alternative option to maintain the available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the soil. To develop such a bio-fertilizer, the ability of microbes to solubilize phosphate and potassium is one of the most important things. A set of experiments was conducted to evaluate the ability of some microbes (7 bacteria and 7 fungi isolates) to solubilize the hardly soluble P (Ca3PO4, AlPO4, FePO4 and Blora rock phosphate) and K (Malang feldspar) sources in vitro. The results showed that the solubilization rate of hardly soluble P and K sources by microbes are different depending on isolates type and sources applied. The amounts of P released from Ca3PO4, AlPO4, FePO4 and rock phosphate in liquid medium were significantly increased by the isolates, respectively up to 8.8, 69.3, 928, 26 times more than the control (un-inoculated). Some of them also significantly increased the solubility of the K containing mineral (feldspar), up to 2.3 times more than the control. Acidification of the medium has been observed to be the most important mechanism for the P and K solubilization, especially for Ca3PO4, AlPO4. The JK1 fungal isolate was the most promising phosphate-potassium solubilizing microbe.
Addition of biochar to urea and urine fertilizer for improving soil chemical properties and maize yield in acid upland, East Lampung
Authors: Nurida N L , Septiana
Published: February 2021

Some studies have shown the ability of biochar in nutrient retention, including N such as urea and urine. The objective was to evaluate the effect of addition of biochar to urea/urine on the soil chemical properties and maize yield in acid upland East Lampung. The study was conducted at the Research station of Indonesian Soil Research Institute, East Lampung, from February to May 2016. The study used a randomized block design 4 replications, with treatments: 1) urea, 2) biochar (BC) + urea, 3) BC + urea (dissolved), 4) BC + urine and 5) urine. The parameters measured were soil chemical properties and maize yields. The results showed that the addition of biochar on urea and urine had soil chemical properties significantly better than without biochar. Urine could be applied with biochar. The highest dry grain was obtained from BC + urea (7.49 t ha−1) and dissolved BC + urea (7.15 t ha−1) compared to the others treatment (5.11 to 6.05 t ha−1). The application of BC + urine had a higher dry grain 12% compared to the urine without biochar treatment. Application of BC + urea, whether dissolved or not, is more effective to be applied in acid upland in East Lampung because it has soil chemical properties and yield better than BC + urine.
Effect of differences in soil tillage and application of organic fertilizers on soil water content and yield of upland rice
Authors: Barus J , Pujiharti Y , Endriani  , Novitasari E
Published: February 2021

The research objective was to increase upland rice yield and balancing it with efforts of land conservation to maintain sustainable land productivity. It has been conducted in the research station of Lampung Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT). The treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatment in the main plot was the method of tillage whereas the subplot was organic fertilizers. The tillage methods were: (1) Maximum tillage and without ditch, (2) Minimum tillage with ditch. The organic fertilizer treatments were control, bio urine plus 10 L ha−1, bio urine plus 20 L ha−1, biodecomposer 10 L ha−1, and biodecomposer 20 L ha−1. The upland rice variety was Inpago 12. The variables observed were soil water content, growth and yields of rice. The results showed that the minimum soil tillage with ditch provided a higher soil water content than the maximum tillage. Likewise, the application of liquid organic matter from local microorganisms (biodecomposer) increased soil water content compared to the control. Application of bio urine plus 20 L ha−1 significantly increased plant height and yield. The highest dry grain was obtained in the treatment of minimum tillage and biodecomposer 20 L ha−1.
Nutrients balance under organic rice farming system in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setyorini D , Hartatik W
Published: February 2021

Understanding and calculation the net nutrient balance in an organic rice farming system is crucial to determine its ability to maintain soil fertility in the long term. The objective of this study is to calculate simple nutrient balances of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) under different sources of organic fertilizer in organic rice farming. The results indicated an imbalance between nutrients, a general surplus for P budget +0.8 to +43.5 kg ha−1season−1and deficit for N budgets from -49.2 to +38.5 kg ha−1season−1; and K -56.8 to +38.6 kg ha−1season−1. The application of 5t ha−1of chicken manure combined with 500 kg ha−1of azolla and 2 t ha−1of straw compost gave better growth, yield and positive N, P, K balance for local rice variety Mentik Wangi.
Effectiveness of the combination of organonitrofos and inorganic fertilizers on soil chemical properties and the yields of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Ultisols
Authors: Dermiyati  , Aprilia E , Hendarto K , Yuwono S B , Ginting Y C
Published: February 2021

Ultisols has constraints in low organic matter, low pH, low CEC, and low soil nutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of applying a combination of Organonitrofos and inorganic fertilizers on soil chemical properties and yields of cucumber plants in Ultisols. The study consisted of 11 combinations of Organonitrofos and inorganic fertilizers with 3 replications arranged in a randomized block design. A recommended dose of 100% Organonitrofos fertilizer which was 10,000 kg ha−1 and 100% NPK inorganic fertilizer (Urea = 448 kg ha−1; SP-36 = 413.5 kg ha−1; KCl = 63.3 kg ha−1) were applied. The treatments were various combinations of Organonitrofos and inorganic fertilizers of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% from each fertilizer recommendation. The application of a combined Organonitrofos and inorganic fertilizers increased pH and soil available-P, but it did not affect the total-N and organic-C of soil. All combined doses of Organonitrofos and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased all the growth and yields variables of cucumber compared to control (without fertilizer) and application of Organonitrofos fertilizer only. Application of 100% Organonitrofos + 50% NPK was the most economically effective dose because it had the highest RAE value of 101%.
The use of soil ameliorants to improve soil quality and crop productivity of degraded semi-arid upland in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Dariah A , Nurida N L , Salma S , Nurjaya  , Santi L P
Published: February 2021

Optimization of degraded semi-arid upland needs to be done by improving soil fertility and quality, as well as increasing plant resistance to drought. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of balanced fertilization and soil ameliorant on soil quality and crop productivity. The study was conducted on degraded semiarid upland in Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia at the beginning of the dry season in 2018. Randomized block design with five treatments and four replications was applied. The treatments consisted of TP: control (farmer management), T1: Balanced fertilization recommendation, T2: T1+Biochar SP-50, T3: T1+Bio-silica, T4: T1+Biochar SP-50+Bio-silica, and T5: T1+Vulkanorf K-424. Soil ameliorant treatment had a positive effect on water aggregate stability. Treatment of Biochar SP-50 in combination with Bio-silica had a positive effect on soil bulk density, aeration pore, and water availability pore. Balanced fertilization accompanied by Biochar SP-50 (without and with bio-silica) gave a positive effect on the content of soil organic C and K-potential. Plant growth of balanced fertilization+Biochar SP-50 was significantly higher than other treatments, while maize production among treatments did not show a significant difference. Therefore, it requires long-term and continuous treatment to improve soil quality and crop productivity in degraded land.
Red chili performance in acid upland applied with biofertilizer
Authors: Pramudyani L , Sabur A , Yasin M , Yani W
Published: February 2021

Conventional red chili farming systems using inorganic fertilizer cause to overcome this problem, alternative technologies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biofertilizer on the growth and yield of red chili in acid upland. The experiment was conducted in Harapan Masa Village, Tapin District, South Kalimantan from May 2016 to December 2016. The Pillars variety was used because of the high production. The study was arranged using a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consist of Po = manure application without biofertilizer + NPK fertilizer at a dose of 100%, P1 = manure application with biofertilizer + NPK fertilizer at a dose of 100%, P2 = manure application with biofertilizer + NPK fertilizer with a dose of 75%, P3=manure application with biofertilizer + NPK fertilizer at a dose of 50%. Variables observed included percentage of seedling death, plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, percentage of death plants and crop production. The results showed that the use of biofertilizer on manure used + NPK fertilizer can increase plant height, fruit length and production of chili plant in acid upland also decrease the percentage of death plant.
Preliminary study of methane oxidizing bacteria isolation and selection on three rice agroecosystems
Authors: Adriany T A , Santoso A A , Akhdiya A , Wihardjaka A
Published: February 2021

The agricultural sector contributes to releasing methane (CH4) as greenhouse gas emissions from lowland rice cultivation. One effort to reduce CH4emissions in paddy fields is the utilization of methane-oxidizing bacteria from paddy fields. The study aimed to obtain isolates of methane oxidizing bacteria from isolating and selecting their oxidation ability on three rice agroecosystems. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI), Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. Soil sampling was carried out in three rice agroecosystems, namely technical irrigation (SI), rainfed (TH), and organic rice cultivation (OF) rice fields in Pati Regency. Isolation and purification of bacteria used Nitrate Mineral Salts (NMS) with 1% methanol. Parameters collected were characteristics of morphology colonies, staining of gram bacteria and measuring methane oxidation ability. The results obtained 15 bacterial isolates from three different rice agroecosystems. The highest percentage of CH4concentration reduction from three rice different agroecosystems during 15 days of incubation were SI5 16, TH6 23, and OF3 23%, respectively. Methane oxidizing bacteria are expected as a technology to reduce CH4emissions from rice fields.
Application of biochar to improve maize performance on volcanic and sediment soil based parent materials in dry land
Authors: Krismawati A , Arifin Z , Hermanto C , Tafakresnanto C
Published: February 2021

The study had been conducted in two dry land sites in East Java, where first site was in Situbondo District (volcanic soil), and the second in Sampang District (sediment soil) during the dry season I, 2018. The research was designed in RBD, 3 replicates, and 9 treatments, namely : A = FAF + 1,000 kg organic fertilizer ha−1, B = FAF + 1,000 rice husk biochar ha−1, C = FAF + 1,000 corn cob biochar ha−1, D = FAF + 500 g biofertilizer ha−1, E = RRIF, F = RRIF + 1,000 kg organic fertilizer ha−1, G = RRIF + 1,000 kg biochar rice husk biochar ha−1, H = RRIF + 1,000 kg corn cob biochar ha−1, and I = RRIF + 500 g biofertilizer ha−1. The results showed that the application of RRIF + 1,000 kg corn cob biochar ha−1 in Situbondo District obtained dry seeds yield of corn 7.87 t ha−1 (increased 36.16%), C-organic (increased 19.40%), soil CEC (increased 62.27%) from the RRIF and R/C ratio 2.28, while in Sampang District obtained of dry seeds yield of corn 7.63 t ha−1 (increased 28.89%), C-organic (increased 46.51%), soil CEC (increased 22.98%) from the RRIF and R/C ratio 2.17.
Ameliorant engineering to elevate soil pH, growth, and productivity of paddy on peat and tidal land
Authors: Saputra R A , Sari N N
Published: February 2021

To support the government’s program towards world food barns in 2045, the use of sub-optimal wetlands such as peatlands and tidal land is a viable alternative. The problem of acidity in both types of land can be controlled, one of which is by providing ameliorant. Thus, the purposes of this study were to examine the effect of ameliorant application in increasing soil pH, as well as its influence in increasing the growth and production of paddy plants. The study was conducted using a nested factorial completely randomized design. The factors were soil (peat soil/l1 and tidal swampland/l2) and ameliorant types (without ameliorant/p0, dolomite/p1, chicken manure/p2, paddy husk ash/p3, paddy husk charcoal/p4, and baglog oyster mushroom waste/p5) that given 10 t ha−1 each. The results showed that all ameliorants applied could increase soil pH, growth, and paddy yield. Dolomite, chicken manure, and baglog oyster mushroom waste significantly elevated the pH of peat and tidal soils. The highest paddy productivity was at chicken manure application. The application of ameliorant increased soil pH to be suitable pH for paddy growing on peat and tidal soils.
Residual effects of rock phosphate on soybean growth at tidal swampland South Kalimantan
Authors: Husnain  , Djufry F , Yusuf W A , Siregar A F , Nassir A
Published: February 2021

Phosphorus fertilizer application could be an option to improve soybean yield in Indonesia. As in tidal swampland, phosphate deficiency is one of the main obstacles in the soil because it fixates ferro as insoluble phosphates. This experiment aimed was to determine the residual effects of Reactive Phosphate Rock (RPR) in the second cropping season on soybean growth in tidal swampland of South Kalimantan. The experiment was conducted at Barambai Village, South Kalimantan. This study was set in a factorial randomized block design with sixth treatments and three replications. The treatments were farmer practice, P Fertilizer (SP 36), residual of RPR, residual of RPR with soluble P Bacteria, residual of RPR with mycorrhiza, residual of RPR with Rhizobium and Soluble P Bacteria. The residual effect of RPR treatments with rhizobium and soluble P bacteria in the second planting season gave higher plant height of soybean compared to farmer practice and SP 36 treatment. The residual effect RPR treatment with rhizobium increased soybean yield up to 40.9% compared to without RPR and microbe in second cropping season. The released soluble P derived from RPR is relatively slow, therefore the application of high-dose RPR increases crop production.
Does biochar enhance soil organic matter formation in tropical soils?
Authors: Schnee L S , Ngakou A , Filser J
Published: February 2021

Tropical soils are often deeply weathered and vulnerable to degradation. Biochar is a promising means to improve physico-chemical characteristics such as pH or bulk density. Sustainable soil amelioration is best achieved by improving biological activity, resulting in enhanced soil organic matter (SOM) stocks. In a meta-analysis, we investigated, if biochar amendment to tropical soils led to native SOM stock increases. We found a mean additional C accumulation (MAC) of 0.29% soil dry weight (% dw). MAC was independent of study duration, climate, and biochar addition rate, but strongly linked to soil type and nutrient status prior to the experiment: In Nitisols, MAC was highest (0.99% dw) and initial C and N contents were higher in these soils. MAC was negative in Ferralsols and Oxisols (–0.01% dw and –0.2% dw respectively). MAC as a percentage of initial C content was <50% for most soil types, but –50% in Ferralsols, Oxisols and Ultisols. We conclude that while biochar can enhance SOM stocks, attention has to be paid to the soil environment it is amended to. In low-activity clay soils, biochar amendment can lead to C mining and should therefore be co-amended with nutrient-rich organic amendments.