bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Position of Mamak Kepala Waris in High Ancestral Inheritance in Minangkabau Indigenous Community
Authors: Poespasari Ellyne Dwi
Published: October 2020

There has been a paradigm shift on the legal stance, role and function of ‘mamak kepala waris’ in ‘harta pusaka tinggi’ –inheritance that has been handed down to generations– in the Minangkabau community. This article examines several legal issues regarding the role of ‘mamak kepala waris’ in ‘harta pusaka tinggi’ in the Minangkabau indigenous community. Firstly, how is the legal position of mamak kepala waris in the management of ‘harta pusaka tinggi’ in Minangkabau. Secondly, how is the current development of the role of ‘mamak kepala waris’ in ‘harta pusaka tinggi’ in the Minangkabau indigenous community. This research is an empirical juridical research with descriptive analysis. The primary data for this study were obtained through observation, interviews with respondents and legal experts, while the secondary data were taken from desk study on legal documents including jurisprudence and legal theories. The results of the study: first, the legal position of ‘mamak kepala waris’ is very important in managing, regulating, supervising and being responsible for the properties that have been inherited through generations (harta pusaka tinggi) for the benefit of nieces. The mamak kepala waris is the holder of the control and maintenance of harta pusaka tinggi of the community. Second: the development of the Minangkabau indigenous people is inseparable from the change in their society, because the Minangkabau people are dynamic and able to keep up with the current development both internally and externally.Keywords: mamak kepala waris, harta pusaka tinggi, matrilineal descent
Promoting Traditional Cultural Expressions via YouTube
Authors: Rafianti Laina , Ramli Ahmad M. , Permata Rika Ratna
Published: October 2020

YouTube is a potential media to promote Indonesian traditional cultural expressions in Indonesia. Even though the promotion of traditional cultural expressions is growing fast, the communal intellectual property law is still a big question mark. The purposes of this paper are, first, to identify how YouTube impact on utilizing Indonesian culture, to analyze how to gain economic benefit from broadcasting through YouTube, and to note how to balance rights and obligations between traditional cultural expressions stakeholders. From a methodological standpoint, this paper used both a normative and ethnography-legal research approach. This paper result is, first, YouTube gives influence directly and indirectly to the promotion of traditional cultural expressions; and second, custodian and performers of traditional cultural expressions potentially receive the economic benefit from broadcasting through YouTube. Ultimately, petahelix approach is required in obtaining a balance right and obligation between traditional cultural stakeholders.Keywords: YouTube, Traditional Cultural Expressions, Intellectual Property, Copyright
Intervention of Intellectual Property Rights on Household Industry Productivity
Authors: Yulianty Jacob Yossie Maria , Tungga Ishak Alfred , Peku Wali Umbu Lily
Published: October 2020

All seaweed farmer groups can naturally train their members. Even local governments have provided services for increasing the productivity of home industry of seaweed farmers as regional superior products, but there has been no IPR intervention action on superior products in order to provide protection and encourage the type of seaweed processing business to obtain IPR. Research uses this normative and empirical legal research. This means that legal material data is used in reviewing and tracing various rules regarding IPR in the productivity of Industrial Seaweed RT in Rote Ndao Regency. Research shows that branded processed seaweed food products are fostered and developed by local governments, but IPR intervention is not carried out by regional governments to protect and encourage each type of product to develop regional superior products. The legal impact on unbranded seaweed food products in Rote Ndao District is that the community does not yet feel secure by not having IPR from the types of products available.Keywords: IPR Intervention, Industrial Productivity RT, Seaweed
The Legacy of Democratic Burden
Authors: Raharjo Agus
Published: October 2020

Simultaneous general elections held on April 17th 2019 will enter a new phase, it is anopen campaign. The actual excesses that have occurred long before the open campaign began.Attacking each other between candidates - both presidential and deputy candidates, as well asprospective legislative members has revealed its action through electronic media. Campaignersfrom each party have also issued movement to defend their hero and program, as well aspersonal vices and their image.
Authors: Alodia Almira Yoshe , Istiyanto S Bekti
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Every nation in the world struggles as globalization comes obscuring borders between each of them, pushing their society to accept the diversity of cultures and any consequences that comes from it. Intercultural communication competence which stems from the awareness of different cultures is now to be expected for every individual  that strive to go forward with the advancement of communication technology that blurs the line even more. As such, this study aims to explain on how an exchange programme can build the intercultural awareness towards its participants that will increase the intercultural communication competence in the future, which focuses on the Global Citizen Programme hold by AIESEC Purwokerto. This study uses qualitative approach with in-depth interview and literature review as the method to collect the data. This study uses purposive sampling on the six informants who once became the exchange participant to Vietnam, Thailand (two participants), Czech, Slovakia, and Ukraine. The results show that the exchange programme can raise intercultural awareness through international exposure that comes from the experience facing differences in culture, mindset, behaviour, and the level of language proficiency. The experience can help participants to increase their ability to adapt and to be more flexible, and can appreciate different values without judging them firsthand which leads to empathy. Since Intercultural awareness is a condition when an individual does not show the rejection towards new things they are facing, the participants therefore have already reached the level of acceptance.

Keywords:
MAKNA TAWURAN SEBAGAI TRADISI BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS NEGERI 70 JAKARTA
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Handriyani , Setianti Yanti , Sani Anwar
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna tradisi tawuran di SMAN 70 Jakartayangdimiliki oleh siswa pelaku tawuran.Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teorifenomenologi Husserl dan teori konstrusi atas realita sosial oleh Berger & Luckmann. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa makna tawuran sebagai tradisi bagi siswa pelaku tawuran diSMAN 70 Jakarta dapat dikategorikan sebagai makna afirmatif (tawuran sebagai sebuah nilaikebanggaan) dan negative (stereotype dan insecurities). Pengalaman komunikasi yang merekaalami yaitu cara perkenalan tawuran oleh kakak kelasnya, sehingga menimbulkan motivasi bagimereka untuk melakukan tawuran, serta timbul tanggapan dari mereka untuk meneruskan ataumenghentikan kegiatan tawuran. Pola komunikasi yang dilakukan para siswa pelaku tawuranuntuk menghilangkan reputasi SMAN 70 Jakarta sebagai pegiat tawuran tentunya menempuhberbagai macam usaha dan menimbulkan pertentangan diantara siswa pelaku tawuran karenaadanya dilema antara untuk mempertahankan tradisi dan reputasi atau menghentikan kegiatantawuran di SMAN 70 Jakarta.
Media dan Wacana: Telaah Keterbukaan Informasi Publik di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Putra Dedi Kurnia Syah
Published: October 2020

Relasi kepentingan antara Harian Umum Pikiran Rakyat (HUPR) dan Pemerintah Provinsi JawaBarat (Pemprov Jabar), khususnya dalam hal keterbukaan informasi publik, menjadi fokus pentingdalam penelitian ini. Melalui telaah wacana yang dirumuskan oleh Teun A. Van Dijk, penelitianini berupaya untuk mengungkap bagaimana HUPR berperan dalam produksi wacana pemberitaan.Kemudian, persoalan wacana ini dilihat dari asumsi Gramsci terkait hegemoni. Beberapa haltemuan mengarah pada pola kepentingan yang saling melingkupi, baik HUPR maupun PemerintahProvinsi Jawa Barat. Kepentingan itu berupa citra dan reputasi terkait keterbukaan informasi di sisikuasa pemerintah, dan sisi ekonomi dari sirkulasi pemasok iklan di HUPR oleh Pemerintah darisisi HUPR. Tentu kepentingan tersebut, terjalin karena adanya tarik menarik kekuasaan dalammemproduksi informasi yang kemudian di konsumsi oleh publik secara permassif. Lebih jauh lagi,kondisi tersebut menghasilkan temuan bahwa kooptasi terbesar berhasil dilakukan olehPemerintahan, sedangkan HUPR tidak memiliki kekuatan berarti dalam menyusun wacananyasendiri, karena telah terdikte secara sistematis oleh Pemerintah, baik dari sisi ekonomi, politik dansosial. Penelitian ini menegaskan, bahwa HUPR tidak menjalankan fungsinya sebagai sharinginformation as knowledge, melainkan hanya sebagai medium atau alat kekuasaan pemerintahdalam menciptakan legitimasi reputasi sebagai pemerintahan yang terbuka. Gramsci melalui teoriHegemoni (1991) meyakini bahwa pemerintah akan menggunaan semua sumber daya untukpertahankan kekuasaannya. Dan kekuasaan itu diterjemahkan oleh Van Dijk melalui konstruksiwacana media. Dengan asumsi ini, maka apa yang sedang terjadi antara HUPR dan pemerintahmerupakan saling tarik kepentingan terkait kekuasaan di koridornya masing-masing. Mediadengan kepentingan kapital, dan pemerintah dengan kepentingan reputasi dan citra.
POLA INTERVENSI PENDIDIKAN DALAM PEMBINAAN KEPADA PELAJAR MELALUI KOMUNIKASI INTERAKSIONAL BERSUMBER PADA SIMBOL
Authors: Sari Afrina
Published: October 2020

Remaja dalam usia yang sangat rentan dan mudah terpengaruh oleh lingkungan.Terutama lingkungan peer group pertemanan. Banyak peristiwa yang terkait remaja disajikandalam berita menjelaskan adanya kenakalan dalam perkelahian antar pelajar. Pola IntervensiPendidikan diduga dapat membantu untuk membina pelajar untuk lebih berkreativitas kepada hal-hal yang positif. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Interaksional Simbol dari Goerge HerbertMead sebagai dasar analisisnya. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metodekualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan data primer wawancara dengan guru dan siswa pada 2sekolah Menegah Atas di kota Bekasi. Analisis data menggunakan trianggulasi data dan metode.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pola Intervensi pendidikan yang dilakukan guru pengajardan guru Pembina pada SMA di Kota Bekasi berorientasi pada tanggungjawab, berorientasi padaprestasi, dan berorientasi pada kreativitas. Komunikasi interaksional diterapkan dalampengembangan kurikulum dan pada pelaksanaan mata pelajaran. Komunikasi interaksionaldilaksanakan dalam proses pembelajaran, proses kegiatan, dan proses pelaksanaan tugas.Dikembangkan dengan menggunakan simbol verbal dengan kata-kata yang bersifat memotivasi.Pola pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh guru pengajar dan guru pembina kegiatan dilakukan untukmengembangkan sikap keterbukaan, pengelolan emosi, dan sikap optimis. Itu semua dilakukandengan menekankan sikap disiplin dan sikap bertanggungjawab pada siswa.
“CONFUSE EFFECT” DAN “WOW EFFECT”
Authors: Siswati Endah , Andari Bina
Published: October 2020

Di tengah bertumbuhnya desa-desa wisata di Indonesia, Kampung Coklat menjadi salah satuwahana wisata yang jejak pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya menyita perhatian. Dalam kurunwaktu tidak lebih dari lima tahun Kampung Coklat mampu mengembangkan dan memperluasbisnis wisatanya dan mempertahankan serta meningkatkan secara terus menerus jumlahpengunjung. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Kampung Coklat juga membawa dampak yangsangat signifikan bagi kemajuan lingkungan dan daerah, baik secara sosial maupun ekonomi.Dalam berbagai kasus, keberhasilan pemasaran sebuah wahana atau destinasi wisata berkaitan eratdengan upaya branding yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bermaksud mendalami strategi brandingyang dilakukan oleh Kampung Coklat yang mengkategorikan dirinya sebagai wisata edukasi.Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan diri peneliti sendiri sebagaiinstrumen utama. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumen, pengamatan di lapangan,dan wawancara mendalam dengan personil kunci Kampung Coklat sebagai narasumber. Dataprimer dan sekunder yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan tehnik analisadata kualitatif yang dikembangkan oleh Miles dan Huberman. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwaselain rancangan unsur-unsur merek (brand), differentiation dan brand positioning, konsep“confuse effect” dan “wow effect” menjadi strategi branding yang sangat menentukankeberhasilan Wisata Edukasi Kampung Coklat.
GONDRONG: SEBUAH KONSTRUKSI IDENTITAS PRIA DI ERA MILENIAL
Authors: Hanum Aliyah Nur'aini , Urada Tri
Published: October 2020

Era milenial menawarkan banyak hal, terutama dinamika sosial berorientasi teknologi. Internet,menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari para ‘millenials’, sebutan bagi generasi yang hidup pada eramilenial ini. Di antaranya, munculnya komunitas-komunitas virtual masyarakat yang menyatakanentitas sebuah kelompok dengan ciri khas dan kepentingannya. Salah satunya, „KomunitasGondrong‟, yang dapat diidentifikasi melalui akun jejaring sosial. Komunitas Gondrongmerupakan kelompok sosial yang dibentuk oleh sekumpulan pria berambut panjang melebihitelinga maupun tengkuk. Entitas ini menjadi fenomena realitas sosial-siber yang unik, karenadidominasi oleh mahasiswa dari seluruh penjuru tanah air. Termasuk mahasiswa Kota Pontianakyang juga menjadikan „gondrong‟ sebagai sebuah identitas diri. Tulisan ini bertujuan untukmenganalisis fenomena komunitas mahasiswa pria gondrong Kota Pontianak dalammengkonstruksi identitas dirinya pada jejaring sosial instagram dengan menggunakan metodeetnografi virtual. Sebagai entitas virtual yang memiliki budaya dan artefak budaya tertentu,interaksi sosial yang terjadi menggunakan simbol-simbol yang hanya tepat dimaknai oleh para priaberambut gondrong ini. Kolektivitas yang dibangun dalam instagram teridentifikasi sebagaikonstruksi identitas yang meneguhkan eksistensi diri para mahasiswa pria dalam realitas sosial-siber.
A Historical Review of Slope Based SCS Method and its Effect on CN and Runoff Potential Globally
Authors: Ansari Tauseef Ahmad , Katpatal Yashwant B , Rishma C
Published: October 2020

The Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number (SCS-CN) method is extensively used to calculate the runoff from rainfall over a large catchment over the world. Slope is an important criterion for runoff but a very few attempts have been made to evaluate the effect of slope on the CN with runoff potential. The objective of this paper is to summarise the historical review on the effects of slope on CN and runoff potential in various regions by the hydrologists. This paper also depicts that how the various researchers proved the importance of consideration of slope for CN and runoff estimation. In addition, paper highlights the key features of research in future like to classify the watersheds on slope based CN, accurate Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) and proper initial abstraction in the various regions etc. Considering these parameters an accurate runoff estimation can be predicted and managed properly in the urban watersheds.
Parenting and Offspring Brain Development: What Do We Know?
Authors: Bhanot Shiv , Bray Signe , McGirr Alexander , Lee Kate , Kopala-Sibley Daniel C.
Published: October 2020

Parenting has been robustly associated with offspring psychosocial development, and these effects are likely reflected in brain development. However, the claim that parenting influences offspring brain development in humans, as measured by structural and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), is subject to numerous methodological limitations. To interpret the state of the parenting and brain development literature, we review these limitations. Four limitations are common. First, most literature has been cross-sectional. Where longitudinal, studies rarely included multiple assessments of brain structure or function, precluding measurement of actual brain development. Second, parenting has largely been measured via selfor parent-report, as opposed to observational assessment. Third, there has been a focus on extreme forms of developmental adversity which do not necessarily lie on a continuum with normative parenting. Fourth, although not a limitation per se, studies have generally focused on negative as opposed to positive parenting behaviours. While not all studies are subject to all these limitations, the study of parenting in relation to offspring brain development is in its infancy.
Stability Analysis of an Inverted Pendulum on a Cart with the Presence of Restoring and Frictional Forces Disturbance using Observer Based and Full State Feedback H2 Controllers
Authors: Jibril Mustefa , Tadese Messay , Bogale Fiseha
Published: October 2020

In this paper, the stability control of the inverted pendulum on a cart with a disturbance forces has been done using observer based and full state feedback H2 controllers. The Lagrangian equation has been used to model the system equation of motions and linearized the system to the unstable upward position. Comparison of the system stability has been simulated by comparing the proposed controllers using Matlab/Scripts and a promising results has been analyzed successfully.
Global Policy Surveillance: Creating and Using Comparative National Data on Health Law and Policy
Authors: Kavanagh Matthew M. , Meier Benjamin Mason , Pillinger Mara , Huffstetler Hanna , Burris Scott
Published: October 2020

Throughout the world, laws play an important role in shaping population health. Law making is an intervention with measurable effects yet often unfolds without evaluation or monitoring. Policy surveillance—the systematic, scientific collection and analysis of laws of public health significance—can help bridge this gap by capturing important features of law in numeric form in structured longitudinal data sets.

Currently deployed primarily in high-income countries, methods for cross-national policy surveillance hold significant promise, particularly given the growing quality and accessibility of global health data. Global policy surveillance can enable comparative research on the implementation and health impact of laws, their spread, and their political determinants. Greater transparency of status and trends in law supports health policy advocacy and promotes public accountability. Collecting, coding, and analyzing laws across countries presents numerous challenges—especially in low-resource settings.

With insights from comparative politics and law, we suggest methods to address those challenges. We describe how longitudinal legal data have been used in limited, but important, ways for cross-national analysis and propose incorporating global policy surveillance into core global public health practice.
County Reclassifications and Rural–Urban Mortality Disparities in the United States (1970–2018)
Authors: Brooks Matthew M. , Mueller J. Tom , Thiede Brian C.
Published: October 2020

Objectives. To demonstrate how inferences about rural–urban disparities in age-adjusted mortality are affected by the reclassification of rural and urban counties in the United States from 1970 to 2018.

Methods. We compared estimates of rural–urban mortality disparities over time, produced through a time-varying classification of rural and urban counties, with counterfactual estimates of rural–urban disparities, assuming no changes in rural–urban classification since 1970. We evaluated mortality rates by decade of reclassification to assess selectivity in reclassification.

Results. We found that reclassification amplified rural–urban mortality disparities and accounted for more than 25% of the rural disadvantage observed from 1970 to 2018. Mortality rates were lower in counties that reclassified from rural to urban than in counties that remained rural.

Conclusions. Estimates of changing rural–urban mortality differentials are significantly influenced by rural–urban reclassification. On average, counties that have remained classified as rural over time have elevated mortality. Longitudinal research on rural–urban health disparities must consider the methodological and substantive implications of reclassification.

Public Health Implications. Attention to rural–urban reclassification is necessary when evaluating or justifying policy interventions focusing on geographic health disparities.
Public Support for Social Safety-Net Policies for COVID-19 in the United States, April 2020
Authors: Barry Colleen L. , Han Hahrie , Presskreischer Rachel , Anderson Kelly E. , McGinty Emma Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

Objectives. To examine public support for health insurance, income support, and unemployment policies during the initial phase of disease transmission and economic distress following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and to assess varying public support based on beliefs about the role of government.

Methods. We fielded a nationally representative survey of US adults (n = 1468) from April 7, 2020, to April 13, 2020.

Results. Of US adults, 77% supported paid sick leave, and a majority also supported universal health insurance, an increased minimum wage, and various unemployment support policies. Public support for an active government role in society to improve citizens’ lives increased by 10 percentage points during this initial pandemic response relative to September 2019. Belief in a strong governmental role in society was associated with greater support for social safety-net policies.

Conclusions. During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in early April 2020, most US adults favored a range of safety-net policies to ameliorate its negative health and economic consequences. For most safety-net policies, public support was highest among those favoring a stronger governmental role in society.
Retention of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Alone May Not Achieve Physiological Knee Joint Kinematics After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Moewis Philippe , Duda Georg N. , Trepczynski Adam , Krahl Leonie , Boese Christoph K. , Hommel Hagen
Published: October 2020

Background:

The apparently physiological kinematics of the bicruciate-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (BCS TKA) systems have been attributed to the anterior and posterior post-cam mechanism. Although comparisons between TKA designs with either a retained or a sacrificed cruciate ligament have been conducted, we are not aware of any analyses of 2 implants with identical bearing geometry but different cruciate-ligament strategies under equal loading conditions. Knowledge about the kinematic effect of the different cruciate ligament strategies would potentially be valuable to facilitate preoperative planning and decision-making with regard to selecting the most appropriate implant for a patient.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 20 patients: 10 treated with a BCS and 10 treated with a cruciate retaining (CR) TKA. Fluoroscopic analyses during high-flexion activities (unloaded flexion-extension and loaded lunge) were conducted at 24 months postsurgery. All patients completed the Knee Society Score, Forgotten Joint Score, and High-Flexion Knee Score questionnaires preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:

The BCS cohort showed greater femoral lateral rollback as well as a medial pivot in both activities. In contrast, the CR cohort showed a significant increase in anterior translation on the medial compartment as well as almost absent femoral lateral rollback. Higher clinical scores were observed in the BCS cohort.

Conclusions:

At 24 months postsurgery, despite equal bearing geometry, retention of the posterior cruciate ligament in the CR cohort apparently was insufficient to reduce anterior shift. The BCS cohort showed expected knee joint kinematics; however, the kinematics in this cohort could eventually benefit from a smooth transition between the interchanging surfaces. Further investigation should be focused on the surgical technique and its interaction with the TKA design.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Concentrated Force Action on 1/8 Homogeneous Isotropic Space
Authors: Bosakov S. V. , Skachok P. D.
Published: October 2020

Using the example of vertical displacements, it is shown that by combining a solution to the problem of determining vertical displacements from the action of four identical concentrated forces symmetrically applied to an elastic half-space and two identical concentrated forces symmetrically applied to an elastic quarter-space, one can obtain a solution about the action of one force on 1/8 of the elastic space with free edges. To find vertical displacements in an elastic half-space, the  Boussinesq  solution  is  used,  and  vertical  displacements in an  elastic  quarter-space – an integral equation obtained by Ya. S. Uflyand to determine vertical displacements in the face of a homogeneous elastic isotropic quarter-space, for which a deformation modulus and Poisson’s ratio are constant. However, an integral equation of Ya. S. Uflyand is very inconvenient for practical use, therefore, in the paper, an approximate expression written in terms of elementary functions is proposed to find vertical displacements in the face of an elastic quarter-space from the action of a concentrated force. To obtain the latter, a special approximation method is used. The desired solution is also expressed in terms of elementary functions. In this case, an accurate calculation is obtained for an incompressible material with Poisson’s ratio 1/8 of the space n = 0.5. Since the solution is obtained in the case of a concentrated force acting on 1/8 of the elastic space, it is easy to find an expression for determining the vertical displacements of the edge of 1/8 of the elastic space from the action of any distributed load by integrating over the area of action of this load from the influence function, which is taken as required decision. Recommendations for improving the accuracy of calculations are offered. The described approach can also be used to determine the stress-strain of 1/8 of the space with both hingedly supported and free edges.
A hybrid cost-sensitive ensemble for heart disease prediction
Authors: Qi Zhenya , Zhang Zuoru
Published: October 2020

Background: Heart disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It includes numerous problems and symptoms. The diagnosis of heart disease is difficult because there are too many factors to analyze. What's more, the misclassification cost could be very high. Methods: A cost-sensitive ensemble method was proposed to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and reduce the misclassification cost. The proposed method contains five heterogeneous classifiers: random forest, logistic regression, support vector machine, extreme learning machine and k-nearest neighbor. T-test was used to investigate if the performance of the ensemble was better than individual classifiers and the contribution of Relief algorithm. Results: The best performance was achieved by the proposed method according to ten-fold cross validation. The statistical tests demonstrated that the performance of the proposed ensemble was significantly superior to individual classifiers, and the efficiency of classification was distinctively improved by Relief algorithm. Conclusions: The proposed ensemble gained significantly better results compared with individual classifiers and previous studies, which implies that it can be used as a promising alternative tool in medical decision making for heart disease diagnosis.
Use of digital periodontal data to compare periodontal treatment outcomes in a practice-based research network (PBRN) – a proof of concept
Authors: Peikert Stefanie Anna , Mittelhamm Felix , Frisch Eberhard , Vach Kirstin , Ratka-Krüger Petra , Woelber Johan Peter
Published: October 2020

Background: Scientific studies in dentistry are mainly conducted at universities. However, most patients are treated in dental practices, which differ in many ways from treatment at the university. Through the establishment of practice-based research networks, however, it is also possible to examine studies in a real-world setting in dental practices. For this reason the aim of this non-interventional, observational study was to develop and evaluate a digital procedure to access, extract and analyse recorded clinical data in practices to assess periodontal treatment outcomes.Methods: Participating periodontists were former or active postgraduate students of a master’s course in periodontics in Freiburg who routinely used a digital periodontal diagnostic program. All available stored periodontal patient charts were extracted, anonymized and digitally sent to the study centre.Results: In this study, data were collected from 6301 patients from 9 different practices. Information such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), mobility, furcation and gingival attachment for 153163 teeth at first visit were successfully transferred to the study centre. During the average observational period of 9.77 years, only 2.8% of all teeth were lost. The number of visits was significantly negatively correlated with BOP (p<0.0001), and the number of BOP-positive sites was significantly correlated with deeper PDs (p<0.001).Conclusion: The presented procedure was able to gather a large amount of practice-based periodontal data, and thus this study may support practice-based research networks. The data indicate that systematic and supportive periodontal therapy is successful on a practice-based level.Trial registration: The study was internationally registered on 4 January 2017 in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS 00011448). https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011448
Distinct clinicopathological differences between early gastric cardiac and non-cardiac carcinomas: A single-center retrospective study of 329 radical resection cases
Authors: wang yaohui , Li Xiu Qing , Gao Li Li , Wang Chen Xi , Zhang Yi Fen , Huang Qin
Published: October 2020

Background: Early gastric carcinoma is heterogeneous and can be divided into early gastric cardiac carcinoma (EGCC) and early gastric non-cardiac carcinoma (EGNCC)groups. At present, differences in clinicopathology remains obscure between EGCC and EGNCC fundus-corpus and antrum-angularis-pylorus subgroups, especially between EGCC with and without oesophageal invasion. Methods: In this study, we studied 329 consecutive early gastric carcinoma radical gastrectomies with 70 EGCCs and 259 EGNCCs. Results: Compared to the EGNCC antrum-angularis-pylorus (n=181), but not fundus-corpus (n=78), sub-group, EGCC showed significantly older age, lower prevalence of the grossly depressed pattern, better tumor differentiation, higher percentage of tubular/papillary adenocarcinoma, but lower frequency of mixed poorly cohesive carcinoma with tubular/papillary adenocarcinoma, and absence of lymph node metastasis (LNM)in tumors with invasion up to superficial submucosa (SM1). In contrast, pure poorly cohesive carcinoma was less frequently seen in EGCCs than in EGNCCs, but mixed poorly cohesive carcinoma with tubular/papillary adenocarcinomas was significantly more common in the EGNCC antrum-angularis-pylorus sub-group than in any other group. No significant differences were found between EGCC and EGNCC sub-groups in gender, tumor size, H. pylori infection rate, and lymphovascular/perineural invasion. EGCC with oesophageal invasion (n=22), compared to EGCC without (n=48), showed no significant differences in the H. pylori infection rate and oesophageal columnar, intestinal, or pancreatic metaplasia, except for a higher percentage of the former in size > 2 cm and tubular differentiation. Conclusions: There exist distinct clinicopathologic differencesbetween EGCC and EGNCC sub-groups; EGCC was indeed of gastric origin. Further investigations with larger samples are needed to validate these findings.
Salutary factors explaining why hospital nurses remain in work and the profession
Authors: Nunstedt Håkan , Eriksson Monica , Obeid Ayman , Hillström Lisbeth , Truong Anh , Pennbrant Sandra
Published: October 2020

Background: There is extensive research on how nurses experience their working conditions and environment; this research reveals high job stress, job dissatisfaction and intention to leave the workplace.Objective: The objective is to explore and describe factors explaining why hospital nurses remain in work and the profession.Methods: The salutogenic theory was used as a basis for the interview guide, which contained semi-structured, open-ended questions covering factors important to explaining why nurses remain in work and the profession. Data collection took place from March to June 2018. Individual interviews with 12 nurses working in a hospital in western Sweden were conducted. The data were analyzed using content analysis; additionally, sense of coherence (and its three dimensions: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) was used as a tool to structure analyses of the qualitative data.Results: The following factors emerged from the analysis: having fun at work, being acknowledged, feeling togetherness in the team, having varying tasks with a manageable workload, good interaction between colleagues and patients, doing good work, feeling committed to and pride in the professional role, and having a balance between work and leisure time.Conclusions: One precondition of improving nurses’ health and well-being was having clear leadership. Another precondition was having a sense of coherence in relation to both the working group and the organization. Experiencing job satisfaction and being acknowledged for one’s good work were important; acknowledgement was received not only from patients, but also from colleagues, other professionals and the nurse manager. In this way, the nurses felt acknowledged and could create a sense of meaningfulness, manageability and comprehensibility in their work.
Evaluation of the risk factors of dental caries in children with very low birth weight and normal birth weight
Authors: Koberova Romana , Radochova Vladimira , Zemankova Jana , Ryskova Lenka , Broukal Zdeněk , Merglova Vlasta
Published: October 2020

Background Health problems of premature infants can affect both general and oral health. The enamel defects, poor dietary and oral hygiene habits may predispose these children to dental caries.Aim To assess the impact of very low birth weight and prematurity on caries risk in early childhood.Design The study cohort consists from 189 of one year old infants. Anamnestic data were obtained from hospital records, feeding practice, bed-time sugar drinks and oral hygiene onset from questionnaires. Saliva samples of children and their mothers were collected for the detection of cariogenic pathogens. Results VLBW newborns had significantly shorter gestation age (29.6 vs. 38.8)) and lower mean birthweight (1124g vs 3315g) compared to NBW ones (p<0.0001). Statistical significance has been found in the presence of early morbidity (p<0.0001) and regular medication intake (p=0.007). VLBW children got more frequently sweetened drinks during the day and night (p=0.007). Regular oral hygiene practice was more frequent in full term group (p=0.002). There was statistical difference in the presence of enamel hypoplasia in VLBW children (p=0.033) but no statistical difference in the presence of hypomineralization (p=0.0736) in comparison to NBW individuals. Proportional representation and count of S. mutans did not reveal statistical difference neither in both groups of children (p=0.484) nor in both groups of mothers (p=0.385). Conclusions The study confirmed anamnestic and medical differences between both groups. The proportional representation and count of S. mutans did not reveal statistical difference neither in VLBW and NBW children, nor in their mothers.
Prevalence and associated factors of suicidality in Japanese adolescents: results from a population-based questionnaire survey
Authors: Nagamitsu Shinichiro , Mimaki Masakazu , Koyanagi Kenshi , Tokita Natsuko , Kobayashi Yoriko , Hattori Ritsuko , Ishii Ryuta , Matsuoka Michiko , Yamashita Yushiro , Yamagata Zentaro , Igarashi Takashi , Croarkin Paul E
Published: October 2020

Background: Suicide is the leading cause of death among Japanese adolescents. However, knowledge gaps regarding contemporary demographics and factors associated with suicidality among Japanese adolescents are a major concern. This study examined the prevalence of suicidality among Japanese adolescents and investigated associated factors. Methods: A population-based questionnaire survey investigating general health was administered to 22,419 adolescents aged 13–18 years. The 29-item questionnaire covered emotional status, family function, cyberbullying, suicidality, and stressors (e.g., relationships with parents/friends, school performance, and sexual identity). We conducted multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with suicidality in this population. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 21.6% in males and 28.5% in females, and that of attempted suicide was 3.5% in males and 6.6% and in females. Bullying and stress related to family relationships had the strongest associations with suicidality. Exposure to cyberbullying had the highest odds ratio for both junior high (3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–4.4) and high school students (3.6, 95% CI 2.5–5.3). Other factors significantly associated with suicidality were sex, emotional status, and stress about relationships with friends, sexual identity, school records, and academic course. Adolescents accessed a variety of resources to cope with stressors, with the Internet being the most common resource consulted. Conclusions: Suicidality is commonly experienced among Japanese adolescents. Although there are many associated risk factors, cyberbullying is of particular concern. Recognition of factors associated with adolescent suicidality will inform further research and suicide prevention efforts for healthcare providers and families.
Exploring Determinants of Hand Hygiene among Hospital nurses: a qualitative study
Authors: Ghaffari Mohtasham , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Safari-Moradabadi Ali , Barkati Hassan
Published: October 2020

Background: The present research is a qualitative one aiming to determine factors affecting hand-hygiene behavior of the nursing staff in Shariati Hospital of Tehran, Iran. Methods: This was a qualitative study performed using content analysis approach. Considering the aim of the study, 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews were held with the nursing staff of Shariati Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A convenient sampling was performed and continued until data saturation and until no new codes and categories were obtained. Data were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis based on the Graham and landsman method. Directed qualitative content analysis was done in order to analyze the data. Results: The results of this study revealed 3 main themes in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) and 8 main themes in the outside the framework (environment, perceptions, life style, morality, education, organizational culture, salience and personality). Conclusion: Due to the other factors also found in this study, an integration of theories and models for designing of interventions is recommended to increase adherence to hand hygiene behavior.
A tool to evaluate proportionality and necessity in the use of restrictive practices in forensic mental health settings: The DRILL tool (Dundrum Restriction, Intrusion and Liberty Ladders).
Authors: Kennedy Harry G , Mullaney Ronan , McKenna Paul , Thompson John , Timmons David , Gill Pauline , O'Sullivan Owen P , Braham Paul , Duffy Dearbhla , Kearns Anthony , Linehan Sally , Mohan Damian , Monks Stephen , McLoughlin Lisa , O'Connell Paul , O'Neill Conor , Wright Brenda , O'Reilly Ken , Davoren Mary
Published: October 2020

Background: Prevention of violence due to severe mental disorders in psychiatric hospitals may require intrusive, restrictive and coercive therapeutic practices. Research concerning appropriate use of such interventions is limited by lack of a system for description and measurement. We set out to devise and validate a tool for clinicians and secure hospitals to assess necessity and proportionality between imminent violence and restrictive practices including de-escalation, seclusion, restraint, forced medication and others. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, 28 patients on a 12 bed male admissions unit in a secure psychiatric hospital were assessed daily for six months. Data on adverse incidents were collected from case notes, incident registers and legal registers. Using the functional assessment sequence of antecedents, behaviours and consequences (A, B, C) we devised and applied a multivariate framework of structured professional assessment tools, common adverse incidents and preventive clinical interventions to develop a tool to analyse clinical practice. We validated by testing assumptions regarding the use of restrictive and intrusive practices in the prevention of violence in hospital. We aimed to provide a system for measuring contextual and individual factors contributing to adverse events and to assess whether the measured seriousness of threating and violent behaviours is proportionate to the degree of restrictive interventions used. General Estimating Equations tested preliminary models of contexts, decisions and pathways to interventions. Results: A system for measuring adverse behaviours and restrictive, intrusive interventions for prevention had good internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Interventions were proportionate to seriousness of harmful behaviours. A ‘Pareto’ group of patients (5/28) were responsible for the majority (80%) of adverse events, outcomes and interventions. The seriousness of the precipitating events correlated with the degree of restrictions utilised to safely manage or treat such behaviours. Conclusion: Observational scales can be used for restrictive, intrusive or coercive practices in psychiatry even though these involve interrelated complex sequences of interactions. The DRILL tool has been validated to assess the necessity and demonstrate proportionality of restrictive practices. This tool will be of benefit to services when reviewing practices internally, for mandatory external reviewing bodies and for future clinical research paradigms.
Future medical student practice intentions: The South African experience
Authors: Clithero-Eridon Amy , Crandall Cameron , Ross Andrew
Published: October 2020

Background: Primary care is a broad spectrum specialty that can serve both urban and rural populations. It is important to examine the specialties students are selecting to enter, future community size they intend to practice in as well as whether they intend to remain in the communities in which they trained.Aim: The goals of this study were to characterize the background and career aspirations of medical students. Objectives were to (1) explore whether there are points in time during training that may affect career goals and (2) assess how students’ background and stated motivations for choosing medicine as a career related to intended professional practice.Setting: The setting for this study was the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, located in Durban, South Africa.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 597 NRMSM medical students in their first, fourth, or sixth-year studies during the 2017 academic year.Results: Our findings show a noticeable lack of interest in primary care, and in particular, family medicine amongst graduating students. Altruism is not as motivating a factor for practicing medicine as it was among students beginning their education.Conclusion: Selection of students into medical school should consider personal characteristics such as background and career motivation. Once students are selected, local context matters for training to sustain motivation. Selection of students most likely to practice primary care, then emphasizing family medicine and community immersion with underserved populations, can assist in building health workforce capacity. There are institutional, legislative, and market pressures influencing career choice either toward or away from primary care. In this paper, we will discuss only the institutional aspects.
The value of p16INK4a immunostaining for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in human papillomavirus–negative patients
Authors: Zhang Dai , Song Jie , Zhang Xiaosong , Bi Hui
Published: October 2020

Background : This study aims to evaluate the value of p16 INK4a immunostaining for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in human papillomavirus–negative patients in Beijing, China. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the value of p16 INK4a immunostaining, as well as cytology and colposcopy, for predicting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative patients by comparing the methods with the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining pathological diagnosis of HPV-negative patients. Results: Of 122 patients negative for the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) subtype, 26 (21.3%) underwent colposcopically directed multiple punch cervical biopsy with a H&E pathological diagnosis of HSIL and above (HSIL+), 11 patients (9.0%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2, nine patients (7.4%) had CIN3, and six patients (4.9%) had infiltrating carcinoma. Cytology, colposcopy, and p16 INK4a immunostaining had 52.4%, 38.5%, and 92.3% sensitivity, respectively, and 76.2%, 94.8%, and 99% specificity, respectively. The positive predictive value of cytology, colposcopy, and p16 INK4a immunostaining was 31.4%, 66.7%, and 96%, respectively, and the negative predictive value was 88.5%, 85.1%, and 97.9%, respectively. Compared with H&E staining, the kappa of cytology, colposcopy, and p16 INK4a immunostaining was 0.327, 0.323, and 0.926, respectively. Conclusion: Positive p16 INK4a immunostaining is very strongly consistent with an H&E diagnosis of CIN2+, and it can be used as an objective detection index for HSIL+ diagnosis of HPV-negative patients with CIN2+.
Construction of homologous cancer cell membrane camouflage in a nano-drug delivery system for the treatment of lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Qiangqiang , Sun Xiaoying , Wu Bin , Shang Yinghui , Huang Xueyuan , Dong Hang , Liu Haiting , Chen Wansong , GUI RONG , Li Jian
Published: October 2020

Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) possesses great heterogeneity in cytogenetics, immunophenotype and clinical features, and chemotherapy currently serves as the main treatment modality. Although employing monoclonal antibod y targeted drugs has significantly improved its overall efficacy, various patients continue to suffer from drug resistance or recurrence. Chinese medicine has long been used in the treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, we constructed a low pH value sensitivity drug delivery system based on the cancer cell membrane modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with traditional Chinese medicine, which can reduce systemic toxicity and improve the therapeutic effect for the targeted drug delivery of tumor cells. Results: Accordingly, this study put forward the construction of a nano-platform based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine isoimperatorin (ISOIM), which was camouflaged by the cancer cell membrane (CCM) called CCM@MSNs-ISOIM. The proposed nano-platform has characteristics of immune escape, anti-phagocytosis, high drug loading rate, low pH value sensitivity, good biocompatibility and active targeting of the tumor site, blocking the lymphoma cell cycle and promoting mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.Conclusions: Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical basis in finding novel clinical treatments for lymphoma.