bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Clinical diagnoses and treatment results of 260 cases in China
Authors: Cai Hong , Wang Yanong , Wu Jianghong , Shi Yingqiang
Published: August 2011

Background and Objectives

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a low‐grade malignant tumor but has high local recurrence rate. The objectives of this study were to analyze their clinicopathologic factors and review the experience of multidisciplinary treatments.

Methods

A total of 260 patients who were treated between 1985 and 2006 in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were evaluated. Outcomes were compared focusing on recurrence and survival. Classical DFSP and transformed DFSP were the two subtypes.

Results

After local excision, 50.2% of the patients were found to have residual tumors. The recurrence rate after local excision was significantly higher than that after wide excision (45.0% vs. 8.5%, P < 0.0001). Patients undergoing wide excision with margins ≥3 cm were found to have lower recurrence rate compared with those margins 1.5–2.5 cm (5.7% vs. 13.6%, P = 0.043). Compared with classical DFSPs, transformed DFSPs had significantly higher recurrence rate (34.5% vs. 6.3%, P < 0.0001), higher metastatic rate (23.5% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.0001), and worse prognosis (10‐year survival rate 66.0% vs. 98.6%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Performing adequate initial resection is important for patients with DFSP. Once DFSP was diagnosed, wide excision with a best margin of ≥3 cm is necessary. Transformed DFSPs are more aggressive tumors which need more energetic treatments. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:142–148. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical significance of decreased nidogen‐2 expression in the tumor tissue and serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Zhi‐Xiang , Huang Xiao‐Hui , Wang Qian , Chen Jin‐Song , Zhang Long‐Juan , Chen Xi‐Lin
Published: August 2011

Background and Objectives

Nidogen‐2 is a ubiquitous component of basement membrane (BM), which is modified by tumor cells to facilitate tumor invasion. However, the expression and function of nidogen‐2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown at present. In this study, we sought to investigate the potential role of nidogen‐2 in HCC.

Methods

Nidogen‐2 expression in HCC tissues, cell lines, and serum was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, immunoassay, and real‐time PCR assays. The regulation of nidogen‐2 expression was investigated using doxycycline induction and small interfering RNA analyses.

Results

Nidogen‐2 was significantly decreased in both HCC tissues and serum (P < 0.001). The decreased expression of nidogen‐2 in HCC tissues was significantly correlated with tumor progression factors (P < 0.05). Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 led to significantly upregulate nidogen‐2 expression in vitro assays. Moreover, patients with HCC had lowest serum nidogen‐2 levels compared with patients with benign liver diseases and normal volunteers. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a good diagnostic performance of nidogen‐2 for HCC.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that decreased expression of nidogen‐2 may have a potential pathogenetic role in the development of HCC and may also have potential diagnostic value for HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:71–80. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lymph node ratio is an important and independent prognostic factor for patients with stage III melanoma
Authors: Berger Adam C. , Fierro Michael , Kairys John C. , Berd David , Sato Takami , Andrel Jocelyn , Hyslop Terry , Mastrangelo Michael J.
Published: August 2011

Introduction

The incidence of melanoma is dramatically increasing worldwide. We hypothesized that the ratio of metastatic to examined lymph node ratio (LNR) would be the most important prognostic factor for stage III patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed our institutional database of melanoma patients and identified 168 patients who underwent lymph node dissection (LND) for stage III disease between 1993 and 2007. Patients were divided into three groups based on LNR (≤10%, n = 93; 10–≤25%, n = 45; and >25%, n = 30). Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

The median survival time of the entire group of patients was 34 months. The median number of positive nodes was 2 (range = 1, 55), and the median number of examined nodes was 22 (range = 5–123). Tumor characteristics of the primary melanoma (such as thickness, ulceration, and primary site) were not significant predictors of survival in this analysis. By univariate analysis, LNR was an important prognostic factor. Patients with LNR 10–25% and >25% had decreased survival compared to those patients with LNR ≤10% (HR = hazard ratio = 2.0 and 3.1, respectively; P ≤ 0.005). The number of positive lymph nodes also impacted on survival (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, LNR of 10–25% and >25% predicted survival (HR = 2.5 and 4.0, respectively).

Conclusion

LNR is an important prognostic factor in patients undergoing LND for stage III melanoma. It can be used to stratify patients being considered for adjuvant therapy trials and should be evaluated using a larger prospective database. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:15–20. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Yildirim Yusuf , Ertas Ibrahim Egemen , Dogan Askin , Gultekin Ozge Elmastas , Gultekin Emre
Published: August 2011

Objectives

To investigate the predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods

Thirty‐five patients with nonoptimally cytoreductable at stage III–IV EOC who were treated with NACT and interval cytoreductive surgery in our center between January 2002 and February 2009 were enrolled into this retrospective pilot study. Response to NACT was evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).

Results

All patients received three courses platinum‐based chemotherapy [24 (69%) received pactitaxel plus carboplatin and 11 (31%) received paclitaxel plus cisplatin]. There were 12 (34%) partial response to and 23 (66%) stable disease after NACT. Optimal cytoreduction was subsequently achieved in 32 of 35 patients (91%). Among age, hystology, ovarian size, CA‐125 level, severity of pleural effusion, extensive omental disease, diaphragmatic implants, liver parenchyma metastasis, used chemotherapy regimen; only extensive omental disease was found to be predictive (P = 0.004).

Conclusions

Ovarian cancer patients with extensive omental disease were possibly better treated with primary cytoreductive surgery, since they were more likely to have less responsive to NACT. This finding can be used to identify patients who will get poor response to NACT and to design future tailored randomized clinical trials. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:200–205. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Formation of a Tourist Destination's Image via Information Sources: the Moderating Effect of Culture
Authors: Frías Dolores M. , Rodríguez Miguel A. , Alberto Castañeda J. , Sabiote Carmen M. , Buhalis Dimitrios
Published: August 2011

The present study aims to outline the growing importance of culture in the field of tourism. More specifically, it highlights culture as a moderating variable in pre‐visit tourist destination image formation, through the information sources utilized by the tourist in the selection of a holiday destination (that is, travel agencies alone vs. travel agencies together with the Internet). For this purpose primary research used a multicultural sample of 371 tourists from different European countries. The results show that the formation of a destination's pre‐visit image amongst tourists, based on the information sources they use, is moderated by the level of uncertainty‐avoidance of their national cultures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The course of mental health disorders after a disaster: Predictors and comorbidity
Authors: Meewisse Marie‐Louise , Olff Miranda , Kleber Rolf , Kitchiner Neil J. , Gersons Berthold P. R.
Published: August 2011

Current longitudinal disaster studies usually focus only on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although some studies have shown that increased risks for other disorders and comorbidity is common. To obtain an insight into the course of postdisaster psychopathology, a community sample of survivors of the Enschede fireworks disaster was followed from 2–3 weeks to 4‐years postdisaster. Diagnostic interviews (Composite International Diagnostic Interview [CIDI]; World Health Organization, 1997) and childhood stressor interviews were administered at 2‐years postdisaster (n = 260); the CIDI was repeated at 4‐years postdisaster (n = 201, response rate 77.3%). At 2‐years postdisaster many survivors (40.6%) suffered from PTSD (21.8%), specific phobia (21.5%), and/or depression (16.1%). These disorders were highly comorbid. At 4‐years postdisaster, prevalence significantly diminished. Instead of full recovery, diagnostic classifications shifted in several survivors over time. This resulted in low rates of PTSD but still elevated rates of depression and specific phobia. The course of the 3 entangled disorders of PTSD, depression, and specific phobia was further studied by constructing 4 groups of survivors based on the diagnostic status at 2‐ and 4‐years postdisaster: healthy, recovered, chronic, and delayed‐onset. Initial depressive symptoms, maternal dysfunction, childhood physical abuse, and disaster exposure were found to discriminate between the groups and predict long‐term psychopathology.
LANDSAT IMAGES REVEAL TRENDS IN THE AEOLIAN DESERTIFICATION IN A SOURCE AREA FOR SAND AND DUST STORMS IN CHINA'S ALASHAN PLATEAU (1975–2007)
Authors: Wang T. , Yan C. Z. , Song X. , Li S.
Published: August 2011

The development and reversal of aeolian desertification have been widely recognised as the dominant causes of changes in the source areas of dust storms. The Alashan Plateau, which is near China's Hexi Corridor, is one of the major dust storm source regions in northern China. To investigate the relationship between climatic and anthropogenic factors and the development of aeolian desertification, we reconstructed the temporal and spatial evolution of aeolian desertification and the underlying processes from 1975 to 2007 using Landsat images and analysed the driving forces. The results show that aeolian desertified land in the study area covered 32 847·79 km2 in 2007, amounting to 11·3 per cent of the total area, with an initial period of desertification expansion from 1975 to 2000 and a reversal of desertification from 2000 to 2007. On the basis of the analysis of effects of climate changes and human activities in the region, aeolian desertification was principally driven by human activities in this area; climatic variations had little effect on the area of severe desertification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The long‐term effects of sales promotions on brand attitude across monetary and non‐monetary promotions
Authors: Yi Youjae , Yoo Jaemee
Published: August 2011

This study compares the influence of sales promotions on brand attitude across promotion types over time. An experiment is conducted with 154 subjects, who are exposed to test materials for 12 weeks. Evidence shows that the long‐term effects of sales promotions on brand attitude vary across deal types. Non‐monetary promotions seem to work better in eliciting consumers' favorable brand attitude than monetary promotions over time. However, such effects are moderated by consumers' deal proneness. Although monetary promotions may induce more negative effects than non‐monetary promotions, these effects are weaker for high deal‐prone consumers than for low deal‐prone consumers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of consumer emotional disclosure on fairness perceptions
Authors: Lee‐Wingate Sooyeon Nikki , Corfman Kim P.
Published: August 2011

One way consumers cope with an unfair consumption experience is to express how they felt about it. Understandably, these disclosures are often rich with emotion. Does emotional disclosure in this context influence consumers' perceptions of fairness? Drawing hypotheses from the emotional disclosure literature, this research reveals that writing about emotions improves consumer fairness perceptions and satisfaction. However, the benefit of emotional disclosure disappears if the disclosure is solicited by the company perceived to be responsible for the unfairness and they do not offer redress. The findings lead to the recommendation that companies provide and facilitate opportunities for consumers to disclose to third parties the emotions arising from consumption experiences perceived as unfair. Implications for managing customer feedback, complaints, and negative word‐of‐mouth are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acrolein‐induced dyslipidemia and acute‐phase response are independent of HMG‐CoA reductase
Authors: Conklin Daniel J. , Prough Russell A. , Juvan Peter , Rezen Tadeja , Rozman Damjana , Haberzettl Petra , Srivastava Sanjay , Bhatnagar Aruni
Published: August 2011

Scope: Aldehydes are ubiquitous natural constituents of foods, water and beverages. Dietary intake represents the greatest source of exposure to acrolein and related aldehydes. Oral acrolein induces dyslipidemia acutely and chronically increases atherosclerosis in mice, yet the mechanisms are unknown. Because lipid synthesis and trafficking are largely under hepatic control, we examined hepatic genes in murine models of acute and chronic oral acrolein exposure.

Methods and results: Changes in hepatic gene expression were examined using a Steroltalk microarray. Acute acrolein feeding modified plasma and hepatic proteins and increased plasma triglycerides within 15 min. By 6 h, acrolein altered hepatic gene expression including Insig1, Insig2 and Hmgcr genes and stimulated an acute‐phase response (APR) with up‐regulation of serum amyloid A genes (Saa) and systemic hypoalbuminemia. To test if decreased HMG‐CoA reductase activity could modify acrolein‐induced dyslipidemia or the APR, mice were pretreated with simvastatin. Statin treatment, however, did not alter acrolein‐induced dyslipidemia or hypoalbuminemia associated with an APR. Few hepatic genes were dysregulated by chronic acrolein feeding in apoE‐null mice. These studies confirmed that acute acrolein exposure altered expression of hepatic genes involved with lipid synthesis and trafficking and APR, and thus, indicated a hepatic locus of acrolein‐induced dyslipidemia and APR that was independent of HMG CoA‐reductase.

Conclusion: Dietary intake of acrolein could contribute to cardiovascular disease risk by disturbing hepatic function.
Syndactyly in Pigs: A Review of Previous Research and the Presentation of Eight Archaeological Specimens
Authors: Madgwick R. , Forest V. , Beglane F.
Published: August 2011

This paper reviews evidence for the rare condition of porcine syndactyly. It describes eight archaeological examples from Britain, Northern Ireland and France. Syndactyly refers to the partial or complete fusion of two or more adjacent phalanges on the medio‐lateral border. The degree and character of fusion are variable, but phalanges frequently unite to create a single skeletal element. This condition has been identified by veterinarians, zoologists and naturalists in individuals and populations in a range of species, but in spite of substantial research on the condition in humans and to a lesser extent cattle, it remains relatively poorly understood in other mammals. Syndactyly is generally agreed to be primarily congenital in origin, although factors affecting its incidence remain far from fully understood. In light of the general paucity of discussion of specific conditions of animal palaeopathology, this paper presents an analysis of these newly discovered syndactyle pig specimens, offers a review of research with particular reference to pigs and discusses the etiology of the condition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumour necrosis factor‐α drives Alport glomerulosclerosis in mice by promoting podocyte apoptosis
Authors: Ryu Mi , Mulay Shrikant R , Miosge Nicolai , Gross Oliver , Anders Hans‐Joachim
Published: August 2011

Chronic renal failure involves the progressive loss of renal parenchymal cells. For example, Alport syndrome develops from mutated type IV collagen that fosters the digestion of glomerular basement membranes and podocyte loss, followed by progressive glomerulosclerosis, ie Alport nephropathy. Here we show that autosomal recessive Alport nephropathy in collagen 4a3‐deficient mice is associated with increased intrarenal expression of the pro‐apoptotic cytokine tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in glomerular cells including podocytes as well as in infiltrating leukocytes. We therefore hypothesized that TNF‐α contributes to Alport glomerulosclerosis by inducing podocyte apoptosis. To address this issue, we treated 4‐week‐old collagen 4a3‐deficient mice with either vehicle or the TNF‐α antagonist etanercept for a period of 5 weeks. Etanercept treatment prolonged mean survival from 68 to 81 days as compared to vehicle‐treated mice. The beneficial effect of etanercept on survival was associated with a significant improvement of the glomerulosclerosis score, proteinuria, and the glomerular filtration rate at 9 weeks of age. Etanercept treatment specifically reduced the numbers of apoptotic podocytes, increased total podocyte counts, and increased the renal mRNA expression of nephrin and podocin without affecting markers of renal inflammation. TNF‐α‐induced podocyte loss is a previously unrecognized pathological mechanism of Alport glomerulosclerosis, and TNF‐α blockade might be a therapeutic option to delay the progression of Alport nephropathy and potentially of other forms of glomerulosclerosis. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaling‐up of the dispersion process of nanoparticle‐agglomerates in epoxy resin with an innovative continuous ultrasonic flow‐through‐cell dispersion system
Authors: Englert M. , Bittmann B. , Haupert F. , Schlarb A.K.
Published: August 2011

Thermosets reinforced with inorganic nanoparticles show numerous benefits over the unreinforced polymer. However, to achieve reinforcement the nanoparticles have to be well separated and distributed homogeneously within the matrix. In the present study the laboratory scale discontinuous ultrasonic dispersion process was scaled up to a continuous ultrasonic dispersion process of agglomerated nanoparticles in epoxy resin (EP). Exemplarily, the dispersion experiments were carried out for a 4‐l suspension volume consisting of epoxy resin and 14 vol% TiO2‐nanoparticles was carried out as a function of the dispersion time and the amplitude of the ultrasonic cell. Following, nanocomposites were manufactured with particle contents of 2, 5, and 10 vol%. For the verification of the manufactured nanocomposites quality, particle sizes analysis and mechanical characterization were undertaken. The obtained results were compared with those of the discontinuous dispersion at laboratory scale. It has been found that comparable particle sizes and mechanical properties could be achieved, although, the volume of the suspension was 10 times higher as that one of the batchwise dispersion. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of the sorption of polar and non‐polar solvents on the glass transition temperature of polyamide 6,6 amorphous phase
Authors: De Anda A. Rios , Fillot L.A. , Rossi S. , Long D. , Sotta P.
Published: August 2011

The effect of a series of polar, amphiphilic, and non‐polar solvents of various molecular weights on the glass transition (Tg) of polyamide 6,6 (PA66) amorphous phase was studied. The sorption at equilibrium was measured by immersing the polymer in each solvent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) were used to characterize the Tg of solvent‐saturated samples. It was observed that the solvent sorption provokes a drop on the polymer Tg, depending on the interactions between the polymer and the solvents. Polar molecules are absorbed in large amounts and decrease the Tg by more than 80°C, whereas non‐polar molecules are absorbed in very small quantities but have a large effect on Tg as well. The sorption equilibrium and Tg shift in the presence of the E10 mixture (10%vol ethanol, 45%vol toluene, and 45%vol isooctane) were also analyzed. A large E10 intake and a Tg drop close to that with pure ethanol are observed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Morphology development of EPDM/PP uncross‐linked/dynamically cross‐linked blends
Authors: Shahbikian S. , Carreau P.J. , Heuzey M.‐C. , Ellul M.D. , Cheng J. , Shirodkar P. , Nadella H.P.
Published: August 2011

Ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐terpolymer (EPDM) and polypropylene (PP)‐based uncross‐linked and dynamically cross‐linked blends were prepared both in an internal mixer and in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The effects of composition, plasticization and mixing equipment on the morphology development and the final viscoelastic properties were studied. In the uncross‐linked blends, the plasticization resulted in a coarser morphology. Furthermore, it was shown that the majority of the plasticizer resided in the EPDM phase, enabling its deformation in the flow direction. In addition, the intensive mixing conditions inside the twin‐screw extruder resulted in a finer morphology. In the dynamically cross‐linked blends, the twin‐screw extrusion process resulted in a higher level of gel content with larger EPDM domains. The plasticization showed again a coarsening effect, resulting in interconnected cross‐linked EPDM domains. An interesting interfacial phenomenon was observed especially in the plasticized vulcanized blends where nanometer size occluded PP domains were stripped off and eroded into the EPDM phase. With the exception of the nonplasticized uncross‐linked blends, the viscoelastic properties of all other blending systems were found to be directly affected by the morphology, gel content (in the case of cross‐linked blends), and the presence of the plasticizer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crosslinked polyamide based on main‐chain type polybenzoxazines derived from a primary amine‐functionalized benzoxazine monomer
Authors: Agag Tarek , Arza Carlos R. , Maurer Frans H. J. , Ishida Hatsuo
Published: August 2011

Two types of main‐chain type polybenzoxazines with amide and benzoxazine groups as repeating units in the main chain, termed as poly(amide‐benzoxazine), have been synthesized. They have been prepared by polycondensation reaction of primary amine‐bifunctional benzoxazine with adipoyl and isophthaloyl dichloride using dimethylacetamide as solvent. Additionally, a model reaction is designed from the reaction of 3,3′‐(4,4′‐methylenebis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazin‐6‐amine) with benzoyl chloride. The structures of model compound and polyamides are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. Differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR are also used to study crosslinking behavior of both the model compound and polymers. Thermal properties of the crosslinked polymers are also studied by thermogravimetric analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of in situ nylon 6/graphene composites by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Zhang Fan , Peng Xiaochun , Yan Wenbin , Peng Zhiyuan , Shen Yongqiang
Published: August 2011

The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry for the nylon 6/graphene composites prepared by in situ polymerization. The Avrami theory modified by Jeziorny, Ozawa equation, and Mo equation was used to describe the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. The analysis based on the Avrami theory modified by Jeziorny shows that, at lower cooling rates (at 5, 10, and 20 K/min), the nylon 6/graphene composites have lower crystallization rate than pure nylon 6. However, at higher cooling rates (at 40 K/min), the nylon 6/graphene composites have higher crystallization rate than pure nylon 6. The values of Avrami exponent m and the cooling crystallization function F(T) from Ozawa plots indicate that the mode of the nucleation and growth at initial stage of the nonisothermal crystallization may be as follows: two‐dimensional (2D), then one‐dimensional (1D) for all samples at 5–10 °C/min; three‐dimensional (3D) or complicated than 3D, then 2D and 1D at 10–20 and 20–40 °C/min. The good linearity of the Mo plots indicated that the combined approach could successfully describe the crystallization processes of the nylon 6 and nylon 6/graphene composites. The activation energies (ΔE) of the nylon 6/graphene composites, determined by Kissinger method, were lower than those of pure nylon 6. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1381–1388, 2011
Crystallization and stereocomplexation behavior of poly(D‐ and L‐lactide)‐b‐poly(N,N‐dimethylamino‐2‐ethyl methacrylate) block copolymers
Authors: Michell Rose Mary , Müller Alejandro J. , Spasova Mariya , Dubois Philippe , Burattini Stefano , Greenland Barnaby W. , Hamley Ian W. , Hermida‐Merino Daniel , Cheval Nicolas , Fahmi Amir
Published: August 2011

The thermal properties, crystallization, and morphology of amphiphilic poly(D‐lactide)‐b‐poly(N,N‐dimethylamino‐2‐ethyl methacrylate) (PDLA‐b‐PDMAEMA) and poly (L‐lactide)‐b‐poly(N,N‐dimethylamino‐2‐ethyl methacrylate) (PLLA‐b‐PDMAEMA) copolymers were studied and compared to those of the corresponding poly(lactide) homopolymers. Additionally, stereocomplexation of these copolymers was studied. The crystallization kinetics of the PLA blocks was retarded by the presence of the PDMAEMA block. The studied copolymers were found to be miscible in the melt and the glassy state. The Avrami theory was able to predict the entire crystallization range of the PLA isothermal overall crystallization. The melting points of PLDA/PLLA and PLA/PLA‐b‐PDMAEMA stereocomplexes were higher than those formed by copolymer mixtures. This indicates that the PDMAEMA block is influencing the stability of the stereocomplex structures. For the low molecular weight samples, the stereocomplexes particles exhibited a conventional disk‐shape structure and, for high molecular weight samples, the particles displayed unusual star‐like shape morphology. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1397–1409, 2011
Anxiety and specific distress in women at intermediate and high risk of breast cancer before and after surveillance by magnetic resonance imaging and mammography versus standard mammography
Authors: Brédart Anne , Kop Jean‐Luc , Fall Mouhamadou , Pelissier Sandra , Simondi Cécile , Dolbeault Sylvie , Livartowski Alain , Tardivon Anne ,   for the Magnetic Resonance Imaging study group (STIC IRM 2005)
Published: August 2011

Background

Intensive surveillance in women at intermediate and high breast cancer risk is currently investigated in a French prospective, non‐randomized, multicentre study. Two surveillance modalities, standard imaging—mammography ± ultrasound (‘Mx’)—or standard imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (‘MRI’), provided according to the level of breast cancer risk, are compared on psychological distress.

Methods

A total of 1561 women were invited to complete the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Impact of Event Scale (IES) Intrusion and Avoidance subscales and breast cancer‐risk perception items at T0 (before examination) and T2 (1 to 3 months later) and the STAI‐State anxiety at T1 (just after examination). Multiple regression analyses were performed.

Results

Baseline compliance was high (>91%). Between surveillance modalities, women differed significantly for age, education level, breast cancer‐risk objective estimates and subjective perception. Mean STAI‐State anxiety scores reflected low to moderate distress in both surveillance modalities. At baseline, MRI was associated with lower STAI‐State anxiety (p ≤ 0.001) and Avoidance scores (p = 0.02), but at T1 and T2, no difference between surveillance modalities was observed on psychological outcomes. Abnormal surveillance result was associated with a higher STAI‐State anxiety (p ≤ 0.01) and IES‐Intrusion (p ≤ 0.01) scores; a personal history of breast cancer and higher risk perception was associated with higher psychological distress at T1 and T2.

Conclusion

Standard breast imaging including MRI does not seem to convey more harmful psychological effects than standard imaging alone. Higher psychological distress observed in the case of history of breast cancer or higher breast cancer‐risk perception evidences women with needs for specific support and information. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Polymerized Pyrrole Films for Biological Applications: Correlation Between Protein Adsorption Properties and Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Dou Jun , Yan Fufeng , Zheng Xianjun , Li Xili , Fang Shaoming
Published: August 2011

The present work describes the fabrication, characterization, and optimization of plasma polymerized pyrrole films, PPpy, prepared by continuous wave for application as the adhesion layers of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Plasma conditions used throughout the work produced significant differences in the chemical, physical, and electrochemical properties of the resultant PPpy films. Structural analysis and property characterizations of PPpy were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical workstation. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the adsorption kinetics of BSA onto PPpy films. Moreover, when immersed in solutions or after BSA adsorption, the differences of electron transfer at the interfaces between the PPpy and the electrolyte solutions were determined by electro impedance spectroscopy. While there is a clear dependence of the protein adsorption affinity on the plasma polymerization condition employed during the film preparation. The relationship between film structure, electrochemical properties, polymer stability in aqueous buffer, and protein binding affinities are discussed.

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Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum due to foreign body aspiration in children with asthma
Authors: Nimrey‐Atrash Nilly , Bentur Lea , Elias Nael
Published: August 2011

Pneumomediastinum (PM) and subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) are well recognized as complications of acute asthma exacerbation in children with asthma. We present herein a report of three cases of asthmatic children who presented with PM and SCE found to be secondary to foreign body aspiration. The cases highlight that clinicians must remain vigilant for co‐morbidities in an asthma exacerbation, and less common etiologies of PM and SCE, such as foreign body aspiration, should also be carefully considered in asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:88–90. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of the detergent micelle classification for membrane protein crystals and explanation of the Matthews Graph for soluble proteins
Authors: Schulz Georg E.
Published: August 2011

Protein crystals are of wide‐spread interest because many of them allow structure analyses at atomic resolution. For soluble proteins, the packing density of such crystals is distributed according to the Matthews Graph. For integral membrane proteins, the respective graph is similar but at lower density and much broader. By visualizing the relative positions and orientations of membrane proteins in crystals, it has been suggested that the detergent micelles surrounding these proteins form sheets, filaments, or remain isolated in the crystal giving rise to three distinct packing density distributions that superimpose to form the observed broad distribution. This classification was indirect because detergent is not visible in X‐ray crystallography. Given the extensive work involved in analyzing detergent structure directly by neutron diffraction, it seems unlikely that a statistically relevant number of them will be established in the near future. Therefore, the proposed classification is here scrutinized by a simulation in which an average detergent‐carrying membrane protein was randomly packed to form crystals. The analysis reproduced the three types of detergent structures together with their packing density distributions and relative frequencies, which validates the previous classification. The simulation program was also run for crystals from soluble proteins using ellipsoids as reference shapes and defining a shape factor that quantifies the deviation from the nearest ellipsoid. This series reproduced and thus explained the Matthews Graph.
Controllable growth of graphene by changing the microstructure of Fe‐Cr‐Ni catalyst
Authors: Lu Zhanling , Deng Jicai , Wang Junfeng , Yao Ning , Zhang Binlin
Published: August 2011

In this paper, the controllable growth of graphene and their field emission properties were studied. Two different Fe‐Ni‐Cr layers were deposited by magnetron sputtering of stainless target on ceramic substrate. One was deposited at temperature of 300 °C, the other was deposited at room temperature. The catalyst‐coated substrates were placed in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) reaction chamber. The source gas was a mixture of H2 and CH4. Under the same MPCVD experiment conditions, the CNTs and graphene films were obtained on the two catalyst layers respectively, which indicated the microstructure of catalyst was a key factor in controllable growth of graphene. The turn‐on field of the field emission from the graphene film was 1.26 V/μm, and the current density of 2.1 mA/cm2 at electric field of 2.2 V/μm was obtained. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface‐conducted field emission lamp with ZnO nanotetrapod and MgO composite emitter
Authors: Qu Ke , Zhu Xiaobo , Li Chi , Hou Kai , Yang Xiaxi , Lei Wei , Zhang Xiaobing , Shen Yu , Li Xu , Wang Baoping
Published: August 2011

An efficient surface‐conducted field emission lamp (FEL) is fabricated by zinc oxide nanotetrapod (ZNT) and magnesium oxide (MgO) composite emitter. A comparison of different ratios of ZNT/MgO is promoted to demonstrate the available emitters with a high current density in such structure. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vacuum test, 2:1 ZNT/MgO has the lowest turn‐on electric field about 0.4 V/μm and the highest current density of 0.6 mA/cm2. Display of images employing this structure is demonstrated. It shows a uniform emission without crosstalk with 2:1 ZNT/MgO. This easy fabrication process provides a practical way to fabricate a new type Surface‐conducted field emission (SCFE) in the future. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intense pulsed field emission of carbon nanotube film grown on electroless plated nickel substrate by pyrolysis
Authors: Zeng Fan‐Guang , LI Xin , Xia Liansheng , Zhang Rui
Published: August 2011

Nickel substrate layer was prepared by using electroless plating method. CNT film was directly grown on such substrate by pyrolysis of iron Phthalocyanine (FePc). The intense pulsed emission characteristics were measured with a diode structure. When the peak value of pulsed evenly applied electric field was set at ∼11.6 V/µm, the peak current and current density are ∼200 A and 10.2 A/cm2, respectively and the corresponding turn‐on field is ∼4.8 V/µm. The peak current and current density at a pulsed macro electric field with a peak value of ∼13.5 V/µm are ∼1253 A and 63.8 A/cm2 respectively, with a turn‐on field ∼1.8 V/µm. According to the wave curves, the emission behavior should be considered as intense pulsed field emission. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigations of magnetic properties of Tb‐doped Ni78Fe22 thin films
Authors: Luo C. , Sun L. , Zhang Y. , Huang H. B. , Yang M. , Zhai Y. , Du J. , Zhai H. R.
Published: August 2011

(Ni78Fe22)1‐x‐Tbx thin films (30 nm) were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. Their structures and magnetic properties were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The film structure changes from polycrystalline to amorphous when Tb content is around 6.9%. The magnetization is reduced with the increasing Tb content due to Tb atomic moments align antiparallel with permalloy moments, while the low coercivity Hc less than 10 Oe, and the high hysteresis squareness along the in‐plane easy‐axis is remained. The measurements of angular dependences of ferromagnetic resonance field, as well as the theoretical fitting find the surface perpendicular anisotropy constants changes from “easy” film plane to “easy” film normal and g value shows increases with increasing Tb content, which implies the increase of orbital moment with Tb dopant. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fast and scalable parallel processing of scalar multiplication in elliptic curve cryptosystems
Authors: Wu Keke , Li Huiyun , Zhu Dingju
Published: August 2011

To secure parallel systems in communication networks, in this paper, we propose a fast and scalable parallel scalar multiplication method over generic elliptic curves for elliptic curve cryptosystems, by means of our proposed scalar folding and unfolding techniques. In contrast to previous parallel scalar multiplication methods, our method can be implemented into scalable parallel computers. The optimal time complexity is k point doublings (D) plus log k point additions (A), denoted as kD + (log k)A, where k is the bit length of the scalar. If our method is applied to Koblitz curves, the optimal time complexity can be reduced to (log k)A. Furthermore, previous simple side‐channel‐protected scalar multiplication methods can be integrated into our method for resisting against simple side‐channel attacks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustaining superior performance in an emerging economy: an empirical test in the Indian context
Authors: Chari Murali D.R. , David Parthiban
Published: August 2011

We demonstrate a negative relationship between pro‐market reforms and the sustainability of superior profits in an emerging economy. The decline in sustainability of superior profits shows that pro‐market reforms bring significant threats in addition to the various opportunities such as greater availability of production factors and greater freedom to enter and operate businesses highlighted in the extant literature. Our study thus contributes to a more complete conceptual understanding of the performance consequences of pro‐market reforms in emerging economies. We also show that investment in research and development and greater investments in marketing and advertising are firm‐level resources that provide a measure of protection against the erosion in sustainability of superior profits associated with pro‐market reforms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flexural ductility design of high‐strength concrete beams
Authors: Bai Z. Z. , Au F. T. K.
Published: August 2011

In the seismic design of a reinforced concrete (RC) structure, it is necessary to provide not only sufficient strength, but also adequate flexural ductility. This is particularly important to the design of RC beams cast of high‐strength concrete that is inherently more brittle. Eurocode EN1998‐1 directly specifies such minimum flexural ductility. To provide adequate flexural ductility to RC beams, Chinese code GB50011 limits the normalised depth of simplified rectangular stress block at peak resisting moment, whereas American code ACI 318–08 requires that the tension steel strain at peak resisting moment shall not be smaller than 0.004. The essential parameters identified for effective flexural ductility design of RC beams include the maximum difference of tension and compression reinforcement ratios and maximum normalised neutral axis depth at peak resisting moment, as they help to guarantee various flexural ductility requirements. Their relationship with the flexural ductility is studied using a rigorous full‐range moment–curvature analysis procedure. Empirical formulae and tables are also developed to facilitate flexural ductility design of RC beams. A comparison shows that the allowable differences of tension and compression ratios may be smaller than those specified in Eurocode 8 particularly for those cast of high‐strength concrete. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Upper Extremity and Digital Replantation
Authors: Maricevich Marco , Carlsen Brian , Mardini Samir , Moran Steven
Published: August 2011

Digital replantation has become a well-established technique among reconstructive hand surgeons. Numerous replantation centers around the world have published series with impressive survival rates. The ultimate goal of replantation is the restoration of normal hand or digital function; thus, replantation success is not solely related to the outcome of the microvascular anastomosis, but also to the adequacy of bone, tendon, skin, and nerve repairs. In this manuscript, we review the literature on upper extremity and digital replantation from its historical background to current surgical outcomes, outlining surgical indications and contraindications, and the preoperative, operative, and postoperative management of these patients.
p53: Guardian of ploidy
Authors: Aylon Yael , Oren Moshe
Published: August 2011

Aneuploidy, often preceded by tetraploidy, is one of the hallmarks of solid tumors. Indeed, both aneuploidy and tetraploidy are oncogenic occurrences that are sufficient to drive neoplastic transformation and cancer progression. True to form, the tumor suppressor p53 obstructs propagation of these dangerous chromosomal events by either instigating irreversible cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The tumor suppressor Lats2, along with other tumor inhibitory proteins such as BRCA1/2 and BubR1, are central to p53‐dependent elimination of tetraploid cells. Not surprisingly, these proteins are frequently inactivated or downregulated in tumors, synergizing with p53 inactivation to establish an atmosphere of “tolerance” for a non‐diploid state.
Hydrocarbons of the lanostane homologous series in the Phanerozoic organic matter and their probable biologic sources
Authors: Parfenova T.M.
Published: August 2011

The paper deals with the geochemistry of lanostane homologue molecules, the age and localization of organic matter (OM) enriched in lanostane biomarkers, and organisms synthesizing lanosterol and other lanostane compounds. Steranes of the OM bitumens of the Lower Cambrian Sinyaya Formation on the northern slope of the Aldan syneclise were studied by chromato-mass spectrometry. Lanostanes C30 have been found for the first time in the organic fossil of the Cambrian sedimentary basins, and the presence of norlanostanes C29 is assumed. The sedimentation and diagenesis conditions and the degree of maturity of OM containing lanostane and its derivates are considered. Lanostanes are proposed to use as biomarkers of the petroleum-generating rocks of the Sinyaya Formation for elucidating the source of naphthides in the eastern Siberian Platform.
A system analysis of geological-field and technological information during the development of raw hydrocarbon deposits
Authors: Ermilov O.M. , Laperdin A.N.
Published: August 2011

Modern views on the structure of the main productive Cenomanian complexes in the north of the Siberian Platform are presented. Main zones of oil and gas accumulation are determined. An appraisal of the predicted resources is given, and methods for their development are recommended.
The role of Meso-Cenozoic tectonics in the formation of hydrocarbon pools in the southern parts of the Kaimysovy arch and Nyurol’ka megadepression
Authors: Kontorovich V.A. , Solov’ev M.V. , Kalinina L.M. , Kalinin A.Yu.
Published: August 2011

On the basis of the integrated interpretation of seismic-prospecting, GIS, and deep-drilling data on the southern parts of the Kaimysovy arch and Nyurol’ka megadepression, structural and isopach maps of seismogeologic megacomplexes are drawn. The tectonic evolution of the area in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic is analyzed. Ruptures have been recognized and traced throughout the study area, and the main stages of formation of faults and structures of different ranks have been established.

The conclusion has been drawn that, in terms of tectonics, the petroleum potential of the area was affected the most by the Early Neocomian, when large tectonic elements (petroleum generation and accumulation zones and local uplifts (hydrocarbon traps)) formed in the Upper Jurassic beds. In the Kaimysovy petroliferous region, the structure formation was accompanied by rupturing; the ruptures broke through the Jurassic strata, thus determining the structural–tectonic position of most of the hydrocarbon pools in the area.
Petroleum potential of the Ordovician–Devonian sediments in the northern Kureika basin
Authors: Starosel’tsev V.S. , Divina T.A.
Published: August 2011

We analyze new geologic and geophysical data, which confirm Trofimuk’s (1960) high evaluation of the petroleum potential of the Silurian–Devonian sediments in the northwestern Siberian Platform. Priority targets are set for geologic exploration aimed at testing his scientific predictions.
The structure and depositional environments of Mesoproterozoic petroliferous carbonate complexes in the western Siberian craton
Authors: Khabarov E.M. , Varaksina I.V.
Published: August 2011

On the basis of available sedimentological, isotope-geochemical, and geophysical data, we have refined the intrabasinal correlation and the structure of Mesoproterozoic deposits of the Baikit anteclise. A pre-Vendian section was stripped within the Baikit anteclise, which can be correlated with the section of the Mesoproterozoic Teya and Sukhoi Pit (pre-Pogoryui) Groups of the Yenisei Ridge. Most of the overlying deposits of the Tungusik Group were destroyed during the tectonic events in the Early Neoproterozoic (~860 Ma) and in pre-Vendian time. Using the results obtained, we have refined the variations in the sedimentation environments of Mesoproterozoic deposits in the Baikit anteclise and Yenisei Ridge and constructed paleogeographic schemes for particular time intervals in the modern frame of references. The predominance of peritidal complexes and numerous signs of subaerial exposition indicate that the carbonate accumulation was periodically interrupted. In the periods (sometimes, long) when this process stopped, fine silicoclastic material transited from the shelf edge into a deep basin localized southwest of the Baikit anteclise. The longest transition periods were in Early Yurubchen, Dolgokta, and Late Vingol’da time, though the main flow supplying silicoclastic material to the Yenisei Ridge passed south of the Baikit carbonate shelf. In the Mesoproterozoic, the basin with predominantly carbonate sedimentation occupied a vast area in the western Siberian Platform, extending to the western margin of the Anabar Shield, where the Mesoproterozoic deposits were similar in structure and isotope-geochronological and isotope-geochemical characteristics to the pre-Vendian deposits of the Baikit anteclise. Most part of the area with carbonate sedimentation in the Baikit anteclise was remote from the shelf edge. The Mesoproterozoic shelf was much wider than its fragments in the recent structure on the western margin of the Siberian craton.