bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of biochar with pH, CEC, C organic on paddy field
Authors: Sipayung A , Damanik R
Published: December 2022

An organic material called biochar used for soil conditioners and having a role to restore and improve the quality of fertility of degraded soil. It was got from the incomplete of combustion process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of biochar application in terms of pH, CEC, C Organik a modification on paddy crops. The Factorial Split Plot Experimental Design was used for this reseach with the factors were the treatment of planting as a main plot with two stages (Jajar Legowo 2:1 dan Jajar Legowo 4:1) and the sub-plot was the biochar application with three levels, namely: B0 (no application), B1 (25 ton/ha), and B2 (50 ton/ha). The research carried out at Tanjung Garbus Kampung’s Village, Pagar Merbau Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency with an elevation of ± 50 Meters above sea level. The paddy field had irrigation system. The biochar application has no statistically affected paddy production as well as any significant influence on pH, CEC, and C Organic.
Antioxidants and chemical compounds of hot water extract agarwood leaves Wikstroemia tenuiramis Miq
Authors: Batubara R , Lubis S M , Aulia K , Harahap R H , Mahendra M R , Nasution M S , Affandi O
Published: December 2022

One type of agarwood from the Wikstroemia genus is Wikstroemia tenuiramis Miq. The leaves have been used as raw materials for agarwood leaf tea. The aim of the research was to determine the antioxidant activity of W. tenuiramis Miq. agarwood leaf tea in ready-to-drink formulations and chemical compounds contained in hot water extract of agarwood leaf type W. tenuiramis Miq. The method of making tea by boiling for 7 minutes. Analysis of antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) instruments was used to analyze chemical compounds in hot water extracts. The antioxidant test results that hot water extracts of agarwood leaves had strong antioxidant activity. The results of the GC-MS analysis contained 33 compounds, with the main compounds being Hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester.
Recycle energy: waste oil as alternative eco-friendly fuel
Authors: Hilda L , Lubis R , Misdawati  , Syafiruddin  , Arafah G R , Halomoan A Y
Published: December 2022

Used oil is a dangerous and toxic material whose use is strictly prohibited because it damages the environment and human life. Therefore, special handling is needed to dispose of the waste or reuse it with other functions (renewable energy). Researchers are interested in recycling used oil as a fuel that can help overcome the depletion of fossil fuels. This research is an experimental study conducted in a laboratory. Used oil which for a lot of time as waste that is not utilized will affect the environment and also health because it is a pollutant of Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3). But before being reused, the harmful metals Pb, Fe, Al and Mn are removed by a filtering process, acidification to remove impurities and bind metals that contaminate the oil. After that, it is reused as a very efficient fuel in terms of price compared to using LPG or kerosene.
Analysis of the effect of seed growth (Rhizophora apiculata) on the distance of land from the beach in of Pulau Sembilan Pangkalan Susu District Langkat Regency
Authors: Yunasfi  , Purba M L , Fadhilah A
Published: December 2022

Mangrove is a renewable resource that provides services related to the environment, such as abrasion protection, seawater control of incursion, reduction of sea wave height and speed, cleaning of water contaminants, among others, important to support living beings. Its objectives include to study and evaluate the impact of planting distance from the beach which is useful for increasing growth for mangrove ecosystem type Rhizophora apiculata and this study based on a complete randomized design (RAL) with treatment distance (J) consisting of 5 treatments (a) P0 (planting distance from the beach 41 meters), (b) P1 (planting distance from the beach 42 meters), (c) P2 (planting distance from the beach 43 meters), (d) P3 (distance from the beach 44 meters) (e) P4 (planting distance from the beach 45 meters). The percentage of plant growth is 100%. Observational Data on the measurement of height, diameter, leaf count, leaf size, and leaf area, that the treatment at planting distance can increase the growth of seedlings R. apiculata. Based on the results of the study the effect of planting distance on R. apiculata obtained in the treatment of P2 (planting distance from the beach 43 m) a seedling height value that was highest growth with a value of 198.0 cm or average 33.0 cm. The highest value of plant diameter obtained from the treatment of P3 (spacing 44 m) with a value of 7.74 mm or average 1.29 mm . The highest added value was found in treatment P1 with a value total number of 39.2 strands or average 6.5 strands. The increase in leaf area is 50.9 cm or average 8.4 cm which is found in the P2 treatment.
Fiber Quality of Yellow Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris vitata) from Forest Area with Special Purpose Pondok Buluh, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Hartono R , Purba F V A , Iswanto A H , Priadi T , Sutiawan J
Published: December 2022

Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP) Forest Training Pondok Buluh has a forest area of around 1.272 ha, with much plant species diversity, such as Yellow Bamboo. Bamboo can be used as a material that has the potential as a raw material to replace wood in several uses, one of which is pulp and paper. This study aims to analyze the dimension and derivation of fiber dimensions of the yellow bamboo that grows in FASP Pondok Buluh. The method used in this study is to get the maceration process of the bamboo sticks from yellow bamboo, then observe under a microscope to see the dimension of the fiber, then calculate the value of the derivative of its fiber dimensions. The results of this study obtained the average dimension of yellow bamboo fiber is 1945 μm in fiber length, fiber diameter is 12.75 μm, lumen diameter is 4.20 μm, and fiber wall thickness is 4.28 μm. Then calculated the fiber dimension derivative and obtained a Runkle ratio of 2.32, felting power of 152.61, muhlsteph ratio of 88.73%, coefficient of rigidity of 0.34, and flexibility ratio of 0.32. Based on the result of the derivative of the fiber dimensions, yellow bamboo gets a score of 225-275, which is included in quality class II. This means that the yellow bamboo that grows in the Pondok Buluh area can be used as a raw material for pulp and paper.
The physicochemical properties of soy sauce made from tempeh
Authors: Zahidah H L , Lo D
Published: December 2022

Tempeh is a fermented product that uses Rhizopus sp. to bind raw material into a sliceable cake. Soy sauce is a fermented food product with umami and salty flavor made by Aspergillus sp. for koji fermentation and then soaked in salted water. Tempeh has a shelf life of three days, but soy sauce has a shelf life of six months at room temperature. Therefore, we can increase the shelf life of unconsumed tempeh by turning it into soy sauce. This study compared the physicochemical properties of soy sauce made from tempeh. This study has two variables: length of tempeh fermentation times (three days and four days) and salt solution concentration (15%, 20%, 25%). We also use soy sauce made from soybean with Aspergillus sp. as a positive control. After the soy sauce was fermented for one month, pH, total dissolved solids, °Brix value, yield, color, acceptance test and just-about-right test were analyzed. Results from the acceptance analysis showed that soy sauce made from 3-days tempeh with 20% of salt has significantly higher acceptance compared to other sample with value of 5.37±1.73 (range 1-9) with represent neutral. This soy sauce has pH of 6.73±0.06, total dissolved solids of 9.73 ± 0.02% with 11.7 ± 0.02°Brix. For color analysis, soy sauce made from 3-days tempeh with 20% of salt showed higher lightness than soy sauce made from koji with 20% of salt. Meanwhile for just-about-right test, very salty taste attribute needs to be reformulated.
Antioxidant activity of Salak Sidempuan (Salacca zalacca) fruit with different solvents using the DPPH method
Authors: Siregar N S , Julianti E , Silalahi J , Sinaga H
Published: December 2022

Free radicals in the body are a by-product of the oxidation and burning of cells that take place in the body. If this reaction occurs continuously in the body and does not stop, it will cause oxidative stress, impacting health problems. The presence of antioxidants can reduce oxidative stress that arises. Antioxidants are compounds that can capture free radicals because they can donate one electron. Antioxidants can obtain from fruits, one of which is Sidempuan salak fruit. Based on this, this study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of Sidempuan salak fruit using the DPPH method. Salak sidempuan was obtained from three different villages: Sitinjak Village, Sibangkua Village, and Hutalambung Village. In the DPPH test, three other solvents were used: ethanol, methanol, and n-hexane. The results obtained are that methanol solvents increase the antioxidant ability of salak sitinjak to reduce the oxidation process, where the IC50 value of 31771.67 mg/L is smaller than the use of ethanol as a solvent. Using ethanol as a solvent can increase the ability of Sitinjak bark to reduce the oxidation process by 90.31% inhibition. The use of methanol as a solvent increased the antioxidant capacity of salak sitinjak 82.04 mg vitamin C/100g compared to salak Sibangkua and Hutalambung. These results could conclude that using different DPPH solvents in Sidimpuan salak can produce antioxidant activity despite its weak ability. Among the three Sidimpuan salaks, Sitinjak salak has the best antioxidant activity when using methanol as a solvent.
Shaping ethnobotanical tourism on the coastal landscape through Halobanese oral traditions at Banyak Island
Authors: Andriany L , Lubis T , Amalia  , Abus A F , Delima
Published: December 2022

This paper focused on exposing the unique and typical plants at Pulau Banyak (Banyak Island), which strongly relates to Halobanese oral traditions in shaping ethnob0otanical tourism. The benefit of knowing the typical plants in Banyak Island will inform the natural resources as both natural wealth and cultural heritage owned by the Halobanese. Further, this information also benefits the Halobanese in their confidence and motivation to move forward with ethnobotanical tourism. This is a qualitative study and applied ethnography method. The data were the documentation of typical plants in Pulau Banyak, which have a strong relationship with food security and daily needs for Halobanese, such as mangrove, coconut, sagoo, mangrove and pandan leaves. The results were evaluated by defining the conceptual connection between shaping ethnobotanical tourism and the Halobanese oral heritage, which informed the local flora. The result of the study showed that the typical plants in the Banyak Islands area consist of naturally grown plants and can be grown well. The natural growing plant is mangrove, coconut, sagoo, rumbia and pandan leaves. The plant that can be grown well is taro and yam. Consequently, ethnobotanical tourism is an ideal program to build Halobanese human resources and revitalize their typical plant.
Bioprinting of alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan scaffolds for enamel tissue engineering in vitro
Authors: Mohabatpour Fatemeh , Duan Xiaoman , Yazdanpanah Zahra , Tabil Xavier Lee , Lobanova Liubov , Zhu Ning , Papagerakis Silvana , Chen Xiongbiao , Papagerakis Petros
Published: December 2022

Tissue engineering offers a great potential in regenerative dentistry and to this end, three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been emerging nowadays to enable the incorporation of living cells into the biomaterials (such a mixture is referred as a bioink in the literature) to create scaffolds. However, the bioinks available for scaffold bioprinting are limited, particularly for dental tissue engineering, due to the complicated, yet compromised, printability, mechanical and biological properties simultaneously imposed on the bioinks. This paper presents our study on the development of a novel bioink from carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and alginate (Alg) for bioprinting scaffolds for enamel tissue regeneration. CMC was used due to its antibacterial ability and superior cell interaction properties, while Alg was added to enhance the printability and mechanical properties as well as to regulate the degradation rate. The bioinks with three mixture ratios of Alg and CMC (2–4, 3–3 and 4–2) were prepared, and then printed into the calcium chloride crosslinker solution (100 mM) to form a 3D structure of scaffolds. The printed scaffolds were characterized in terms of structural, swelling, degradation, and mechanical properties, followed by their in vitro characterization for enamel tissue regeneration. The results showed that the bioinks with higher concentrations of Alg were more viscous and needed higher pressure for printing; while the printed scaffolds were highly porous and showed a high degree of printability and structural integrity. The hydrogels with higher CMC ratios had higher swelling ratios, faster degradation rates, and lower compressive modulus. Dental epithelial cell line, HAT-7, could maintain high viability in the printed constructs after 1, 7 and 14 d of culture. HAT-7 cells were also able to maintain their morphology and secrete alkaline phosphatase after 14 d of culture in the 3D printed scaffolds, suggesting the capacity of these cells for mineral deposition and enamel-like tissue formation. Among all combinations Alg4%–CMC2% and in a less degree 2%Alg–4%CMC showed the higher potential to promote ameloblast differentiation, Ca and P deposition and matrix mineralization in vitro. Taken together, Alg-CMC has been illustrated to be suitable to print scaffolds with dental epithelial cells for enamel tissue regeneration.
Pitch calibration of standard nanoscale for uncertainty reduction of certified reference materials for SEM image sharpness evaluation and magnification calibration
Authors: Misumi Ichiko , Kumagai Kazuhiro , Kizu Ryosuke
Published: December 2022

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is widely used to observe and analyze nanostructures on surfaces. To obtain accurate and sharp images by SEM, it is necessary to evaluate the sharpness of SEM images and calibrate the magnification simultaneously. The NMIJ-CRM 5207-a is a certified reference material for image sharpness evaluation and magnification calibration. The certified values of NMIJ-CRM 5207-a are the average pitches in the X- and Y- axes. The major source of uncertainty of the NMIJ-CRM 5207-a is the pitch calibration of the commercially available standard nanoscale. To reduce the uncertainty of the pitch calibration value of the standard nanoscale, the pitch calibration was performed using a metrological atomic force microscope and uncertainty was evaluated in this study.
Hydrogen generator integrated with fuel cell for portable energy supply
Authors: Yartys V , Zavaliy I , Berezovets V , Pirskyy Yu , Manilevich F , Kytsya A , Verbovytskyy Yu , Dubov Yu , Kutsyi A
Published: December 2022

An autonomous power supply device based on a 30 W fuel cell (FC) stack and a hydrolysis-type hydrogen generator was developed. The creation of this device included the construction of a unit for hydrogen generation, development of an electronic control unit for the operation of the device, and testing and optimizing the overall performance. The hydrolysis of NaBH4 was catalyzed by Pt-based catalysts and was studied for different reactor configurations and reagent concentrations. The flat type of the reactor, Pt catalyst deposited on cordierite as a support, and 10% solution of NaBH4 proved to be the most efficient when generating H2 for use in the 30 W FC. A developed electronic control unit effectively regulates the hydrolysis reaction rate and provides the required hydrogen supply to the FC. A Li-ion battery was used to start the work of the developed system. One important feature of the developed electronic system is the use of supercapacitors, enabling smoothening of the periodic variations of the generated power. The created hydrolysis unit integrated with the FC provides a stable power supply for at least 9 h from one refueling (U
const = 12 V, I = 0–2.5 A, nominal power = 30 W). The specific generated power of the system when accounting for its weight and volume is similar to the analogues described in the reference data, while the electronic circuit enables its stable and efficient performance, satisfying the consumer needs for autonomous energy supply when a stationary electrical grid is not available.
Two/Quasi-two-dimensional perovskite-based heterostructures: construction, properties and applications
Authors: Wang Haizhen , Chen Yingying , Li Dehui
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional (2D)/quasi-2D organic-inorganic halide perovskites are regarded as naturally formed multiple quantum wells with inorganic layers isolated by long organic chains, which exhibit layered structure, large exciton binding energy, strong nonlinear optical effect, tunable bandgap via changing the layer number or chemical composition, improved environmental stability, and excellent optoelectronic properties. The extensive choice of long organic chains endows 2D/quasi-2D perovskites with tunable electron-phonon coupling strength, chirality, or ferroelectricity properties. In particular, the layered nature of 2D/quasi-2D perovskites allows us to exfoliate them to thin plates to integrate with other materials to form heterostructures, the fundamental structural units for optoelectronic devices, which would greatly extend the functionalities in view of the diversity of 2D/quasi-2D perovskites. In this paper, the recent achievements of 2D/quasi-2D perovskite-based heterostructures are reviewed. First, the structure and physical properties of 2D/quasi-2D perovskites are introduced. We then discuss the construction and characterizations of 2D/quasi-2D perovskite-based heterostructures and highlight the prominent optical properties of the constructed heterostructures. Further, the potential applications of 2D/quasi-2D perovskite-based heterostructures in photovoltaic devices, light emitting devices, photodetectors/phototransistors, and valleytronic devices are demonstrated. Finally, we summarize the current challenges and propose further research directions in the field of 2D/quasi-2D perovskite-based heterostructures.
COVoc and COVTriage: novel resources to support literature triage
Authors: Caucheteur Déborah , May Pendlington Zoë , Roncaglia Paola , Gobeill Julien , Mottin Luc , Matentzoglu Nicolas , Agosti Donat , Osumi-Sutherland David , Parkinson Helen , Ruch Patrick
Published: December 2022

Motivation

Since early 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has confronted the biomedical community with an unprecedented challenge. The rapid spread of COVID-19 and ease of transmission seen worldwide is due to increased population flow and international trade. Front-line medical care, treatment research and vaccine development also require rapid and informative interpretation of the literature and COVID-19 data produced around the world, with 177 500 papers published between January 2020 and November 2021, i.e. almost 8500 papers per month. To extract knowledge and enable interoperability across resources, we developed the COVID-19 Vocabulary (COVoc), an application ontology related to the research on this pandemic. The main objective of COVoc development was to enable seamless navigation from biomedical literature to core databases and tools of ELIXIR, a European-wide intergovernmental organization for life sciences.

Results

This collaborative work provided data integration into SIB Literature services, an application ontology (COVoc) and a triage service named COVTriage and based on annotation processing to search for COVID-related information across pre-defined aspects with daily updates. Thanks to its interoperability potential, COVoc lends itself to wider applications, hopefully through further connections with other novel COVID-19 ontologies as has been established with Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology.

Availability and implementation

The data at https://github.com/EBISPOT/covoc and the service at https://candy.hesge.ch/COVTriage.
Clinical strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosisexhibit differential lipid metabolism-associated transcriptome changes inin vitrocholesterol and infection models
Authors: Moopanar Kynesha , Nyide Asanda Nomfundo Graduate , Senzani Sibusiso , Mvubu Nontobeko Eunice
Published: December 2022

Many studies have identified host-derived lipids, characterised by the abundance of cholesterol, as a major source of carbon nutrition for Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection. Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are biologically different with regards to degree of disease, host range, pathogenicity and transmission. Therefore, the current study aimed at elucidating transcriptome changes during early infection of pulmonary epithelial cells and on an in vitro cholesterol-rich minimal media, in M. tuberculosis clinical strains F15/LAM4/KZN and Beijing, and the laboratory H37Rv strain. Infection of pulmonary epithelial cells elicited the upregulation of fadD28 and hsaC in both the F15/LAM4/KZN and Beijing strains and the downregulation of several other lipid-associated genes. Growth curve analysis revealed F15/LAM4/KZN and Beijing to be slow growers in 7H9 medium and cholesterol-supplemented media. RNA-seq analysis revealed strain-specific transcriptomic changes, thereby affecting different metabolic processes in an in vitro cholesterol model. The differential expression of these genes suggests that the genetically diverse M. tuberculosis clinical strains exhibit strain-specific behaviour that may influence their ability to metabolise lipids, specifically cholesterol, which may account for phenotypic differences observed during infection.
Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Occurrence, Reproduction, and Injury to Fruit in an Organic Tomato Crop Bordered by Sorghum
Authors: Leppla N C , Stacey K J , Rooney L M , Lennon K M , Hodges A C
Published: December 2022

Border rows of grain sorghum were planted along two to four sides of an organic Granadero tomato crop in North Florida to reduce fruit injury caused by native and invasive stink bugs. During the 2-yr study, 14 species of stink bugs were encountered, six only in sorghum: Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Thyanta spp., Oebalus pugnax (Fabricius), Chinavia hilaris (Say), C. pensylvanica (Gmelin), and Mormidea pama (Rolston). There were four species only in tomato: Euschistus obscurus (Palisot de Beauvois), E. tristigmus (Say), E. ictericus (L.), and Arvelius albopunctatus (De Geer). The three most abundant pests in tomato were collected in both crops: Nezara viridula (L.), Euschistus servus (Say), and E. quadrator Rolston, along with Proxys punctulatus (Palisot de Beauvois). Nezara viridula and P. guildinii were the most abundant stink bugs on sorghum. The border rows of sorghum did not reduce the total number of stink bug adults or nymphs in the tomato crop, although many more stink bug adults were captured in sorghum than tomato when the sorghum panicles were in the milk to soft dough stage. Generally, 30% of the females in the sorghum and tomato crops were mated and contained more than 15 eggs, indicating they could generate a considerable number of nymphs. Tomato fruit from the plot with sorghum border rows had significantly more punctures than fruit from the plot without sorghum. The stink bugs frequently probed and blemished tomato fruit in all stages of ripeness but fruit covered with probing sites were nevertheless suitable for human consumption.
Abductor recovery after muscle-sparing periacetabular osteotomy using a lateral approach
Authors: Nakashima Yasuharu , Hara Daisuke , Ohishi Masanobu , Motomura Goro , Kawano Ichiro , Hamai Satoshi , Kawahara Shinya , Sato Taishi , Yamaguchi Ryosuke , Utsunomiya Takeshi , Kitamura Kenji
Published: December 2022

To decrease hip abductor dysfunction after periacetabular osteotomy using a lateral/trochanteric approach, we aimed to modify transposition osteotomy of the acetabulum (TOA) to not cut the greater trochanter and abductor–iliac crest detachment. We subsequently compared abductor muscle strength recovery between TOAs with [conventional TOA (C-TOA)] and without [modified TOA (M-TOA)] trochanteric osteotomy. C-TOA and M-TOA were performed in 27 and 34 hips, respectively. Hip abduction, flexion and knee extension muscle strength were measured preoperatively and at 3, 5, 10, 24 and 52 weeks postoperatively. The muscle strength ratio of the affected and contralateral lower limbs was compared between the C-TOA and M-TOA groups. Neither the mean Merle d’Aubigné–Postel score at the final follow-up nor the postoperative center-edge angle showed significant differences between the M-TOA and C-TOA groups (15.7 versus 16.4 points; P = 0.25 and 38.5° versus P = 0.62 and 39.8°, respectively). The mean muscle strength ratios of hip abduction at 5, 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively were significantly higher in the M-TOA group than in the C-TOA group (0.62 versus 0.39, 0.76 versus 0.59 and 0.94 versus 0.70; P = 0.03, 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups at Postoperative Week 52 (P = 0.36). Discomfort at the greater trochanter was observed in 18 hips (66.7%) in the C-TOA group but only in 4 hips (11.2%) in the M-TOA group. In conclusion, M-TOA is less invasive than C-TOA and allows an earlier recovery of abductor muscle strength without significant correction loss.
Maximum canopy height is associated with community phylogenetic structure in boreal forests
Authors: Mao Ling-Feng , Dong Yu-Ran , Xing Bing-Bing , Chen You-Hua , Dennett Jacqueline , Bater Christopher , Stadt John J , Nielsen Scott E
Published: December 2022

Understanding how maximum canopy height is related to forest community assembly is essential yet largely unexplored. Maximum canopy height is affected by competition and abiotic environmental factors through different ecological processes (e.g. niche differentiation and environmental filtering), as well as historical or stochastic factors. However, little has been done to empirically examine the ecological processes that influence maximum canopy height. We set out to examine the relationship between maximum canopy height and community phylogenic structure. We surveyed maximum canopy heights from a regional dataset of forest plots (466 sites of 50 m × 50 m) from the boreal forest of northeastern Alberta, Canada. We then explored the relationships between maximum canopy height as measured by airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and the phylogenetic structure of seed plants, represented by net relatedness index and nearest taxa index. We found stronger phylogenetic clustering among major evolutionary clades for communities with higher maximum canopy height, which implied that environmental filtering by abiotic factors is a driving factor for boreal forests. However, we also found stronger phylogenetic overdispersion within each clade for communities with higher maximum height, indicating more intense niche differentiation. Our results suggest that communities with higher maximum canopy height may have experienced more intense historical abiotic environmental filtering and recent niche differentiation in boreal forests. These findings will contribute to the monitoring and management of forest biodiversity.
Photometric mass estimation and the stellar mass–halo mass relation for low mass galaxies
Authors: Zaritsky Dennis , Behroozi Peter
Published: December 2022

We present a photometric halo mass estimation technique for local galaxies that enables us to establish the stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relation down to stellar masses of 105 M⊙. We find no detectable differences among the SMHM relations of four local galaxy clusters or between the cluster and field relations and we find agreement with extrapolations of previous SMHM relations derived using abundance matching approaches. We fit a power law to our empirical SMHM relation and find that for adopted NFW dark matter profiles and for M* < 109 M⊙, the halo mass is Mh = 1010.35 ± 0.02(M*/108 M⊙)0.63 ± 0.02. The normalization of this relation is susceptible to systematic modelling errors that depend on the adopted dark matter potential and the quoted uncertainties refer to the uncertainties in the median relation. For galaxies with M* < 109 M⊙ that satisfy our selection criteria, the scatter about the fit in Mh, including uncertainties arising from our methodology, is 0.3 dex. Finally, we place lower luminosity Local Group galaxies on the SMHM relationship using the same technique, extending it to M* ∼ 103 M⊙ and suggest that some of these galaxies show evidence for additional mass interior to the effective radius beyond that provided by the standard dark matter profile. If this mass is in the form of a central black hole, the black hole masses are in the range of intermediate mass black holes, 10(5.7 ± 0.6) M⊙, which corresponds to masses of a few percent of Mh, well above values extrapolated from the relationships describing more massive galaxies.
Beyond the linear tide: impact of the non-linear tidal response of neutron stars on gravitational waveforms from binary inspirals
Authors: Yu Hang , Weinberg Nevin N , Arras Phil , Kwon James , Venumadhav Tejaswi
Published: December 2022

Tidal interactions in coalescing binary neutron stars modify the dynamics of the inspiral and hence imprint a signature on their gravitational wave (GW) signals in the form of an extra phase shift. We need accurate models for the tidal phase shift in order to constrain the supranuclear equation of state from observations. In previous studies, GW waveform models were typically constructed by treating the tide as a linear response to a perturbing tidal field. In this work, we incorporate non-linear corrections due to hydrodynamic three- and four-mode interactions and show how they can improve the accuracy and explanatory power of waveform models. We set up and numerically solve the coupled differential equations for the orbit and the modes and analytically derive solutions of the system’s equilibrium configuration. Our analytical solutions agree well with the numerical ones up to the merger and involve only algebraic relations, allowing for fast phase shift and waveform evaluations for different equations of state over a large parameter space. We find that, at Newtonian order, non-linear fluid effects can enhance the tidal phase shift by $\gtrsim 1\, {\rm radian}$ at a GW frequency of 1000 Hz, corresponding to a $10{{\%}}-20{{\%}}$ correction to the linear theory. The scale of the additional phase shift near the merger is consistent with the difference between numerical relativity and theoretical predictions that account only for the linear tide. Non-linear fluid effects are thus important when interpreting the results of numerical relativity and in the construction of waveform models for current and future GW detectors.
Surfing in the phase space of spin--orbit coupling in binary asteroid systems
Authors: Jafari-Nadoushan Mahdi
Published: December 2022

For a satellite with an irregular shape, which is the common shape among asteroids, the well-known spin--orbit resonance problem could be changed to a spin--orbit coupling problem since a decoupled model does not accurately capture the dynamics of the system. In this paper, having provided a definition for close binary asteroid systems, we explore the structure of the phase space in a classical Hamiltonian model for spin--orbit coupling in a binary system. To map out the geography of resonances analytically and the cartography of resonances numerically, we reformulate a fourth-order gravitational potential function, in Poincare variables, via Stokes coefficients. For a binary system with a near-circular orbit, isolating the Hamiltonian near each resonance yields the pendulum model. Analysis of the results shows the geographical information, including the location and width of resonances, is modified due to the prominent role of the semimajor axis in the spin--orbit coupling model but not structurally altered. However, this resulted in modified Chirikov criterion to predict onset of large-scale chaos. For a binary system with arbitrary closed orbit, we thoroughly surf in the phase space via cartography of resonances created by fast Lyapunov indicator maps. The numerical study confirms the analytical results, provides insight into the spin--orbit coupling, and shows some bifurcations in the secondary resonances which can occur due to material transfer. Also, we take the (65803) Didymos binary asteroid as a case to show analytical and numerical results.
The physical origin of galactic conformity: from theory to observation
Authors: Ayromlou Mohammadreza , Kauffmann Guinevere , Anand Abhijeet , White Simon D M
Published: December 2022

We employ several galaxy formation models, particularly, L-GALAXIES, IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE, as well as observational samples from SDSS and dark energy spectroscopic intstrument (DESI), to investigate galactic conformity, the observed correlation between the star-formation properties of central (primary) galaxies and those of their neighbours. To analyse the models and observations uniformly, we introduce CenSat, a new algorithm to define whether a galaxy is a central or a satellite system. We find that the conformity signal is present, up to at least 5 Mpc from the centres of low- and intermediate-mass centrals in the latest version of L-GALAXIES (Ayromlou et al. 2021b), IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE, as well as in SDSS and DESI observational samples. In comparison, the conformity signal is substantially weaker in an older version of L-GALAXIES (Henriques et al. 2020). One of the main differences between this older model and the other models is that except for satellites within the boundaries of massive cluster haloes, it neglects ram-pressure stripping of the gas reservoirs of galaxies (e.g. in groups and cluster outskirts). Our observational comparisons demonstrate that this difference significantly affects the observed large-scale conformity signal. Furthermore, by examining the contribution of backsplash, fly-by, central, and satellite galaxies to the conformity signal, we show that much, but not all, of it arises from primary galaxies near massive systems. Remaining tensions between the models and observations may be solved by modifying the physical prescriptions for how feedback processes affect the distribution and kinematics of gas and the environment around galaxies out to scales of several Megaparsecs.
Discovery of TOI-1260d and the characterization of the multiplanet system
Authors: Lam K W F , Cabrera J , Hooton M J , Alibert Y , Bonfanti A , Beck M , Deline A , Florén H-G , Simon A E , Fossati L , Persson C M , Fridlund M , Salmon S , Hoyer S , Osborn H P , Wilson T G , Georgieva I Y , Nowak Gr , Luque R , Egger J A , Adibekyan V , Alonso R , Escudé G A , Bárczy T , Barrado D , Barros S C C , Baumjohann W , Beck T , Bekkelien A , Benz W , Billot N , Bonfils X , Brandeker A , Broeg C , Charnoz S , Cameron A C , Csizmadia Sz , Davies M B , Deleuil M , Delrez L , Demangeon O D S , Demory B-O , Ehrenreich D , Erikson A , Fortier A , Futyan D , Gandolfi D , Gillon M , Guedel M , Guterman P , Laskar J , Latham D W , Lecavelier des Etangs A , Lendl M , Lovis C , Heng K , Isaak K G , Kiss L , Magrin D , Maxted P F L , Nascimbeni V , Olofsson G , Ottensamer R , Pagano I , Pallé E , Peter G , Piotto G , Pollacco D , Queloz D , Ribas I , Ragazzoni R , Rando N , Rauer H , Santos N C , Scandariato G , Seager S , Ségransan D , Serrano L M , Smith A M S , Sousa S G , Steller M , Szabó Gy M , Thomas N , Udry S , Van Grootel V , Walton N A , Winn. J N
Published: December 2022

We report the discovery of a third planet transiting the star TOI-1260, previously known to host two transiting sub-Neptune planets with orbital periods of 3.127 and 7.493 d, respectively. The nature of the third transiting planet with a 16.6-d orbit is supported by ground-based follow-up observations, including time-series photometry, high-angular resolution images, spectroscopy, and archival imagery. Precise photometric monitoring with CHEOPS allows to improve the constraints on the parameters of the system, improving our knowledge on their composition. The improved radii of TOI-1260b and TOI-1260c are $2.36 \pm 0.06 \rm R_{\oplus }$, $2.82 \pm 0.08 \rm R_{\oplus }$, respectively while the newly discovered third planet has a radius of $3.09 \pm 0.09 \rm R_{\oplus }$. The radius uncertainties are in the range of 3 per cent, allowing a precise interpretation of the interior structure of the three planets. Our planet interior composition model suggests that all three planets in the TOI-1260 system contains some fraction of gas. The innermost planet TOI-1260b has most likely lost all of its primordial hydrogen-dominated envelope. Planets c and d were also likely to have experienced significant loss of atmospheric through escape, but to a lesser extent compared to planet b.
Testing horndeski gravity with S2 star orbit
Authors: Della Monica R , de Martino I , Vernieri D , de Laurentis M
Published: December 2022

We have explored a completely new and alternative way to restrict the parameter space of Horndeski theory of gravity. Using its Newtonian limit, it is possible to test the theory at a regime where, given its complexity and the small magnitude of the expected effects, it is poorly probed. At Newtonian level, it gives rise to a generalized Yukawa-like Newtonian potential which we have tested using S2 star orbit data. Our model adds five parameters to the General Relativity model, and the analysis constrains two of them with unprecedented precision to these energy scales, while it only gives an exclusion region for the remaining parameters. We have shown the potential of weak-field tests to constrain Horndeski gravity opening, as a matter of fact, which is a new avenue that deserves to be further, and deeply, explored in the near future.
Colour and infall time distributions of satellite galaxies in simulated Milky-Way analogues
Authors: Pan Yue , Simpson Christine M , Kravtsov Andrey , Gómez Facundo A , Grand Robert J J , Marinacci Federico , Pakmor Rüdiger , Manwadkar Viraj , Esmerian Clarke J
Published: December 2022

We use the Auriga simulations to probe different satellite quenching mechanisms operating at different mass scales ($10^5 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot \lesssim M_\star \lesssim 10^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) in Milky Way-like hosts. Our goal is to understand the origin of the satellite colour distribution and star-forming properties in both observations and simulations. We find that the satellite populations in the Auriga simulations, which was originally designed to model Milky Way-like host galaxies, resemble the populations in the Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) Survey and the Satellites Around Galactic Analogs (SAGA) survey in their luminosity function in the luminosity range −12 ≲ MV ≲ −15 and resemble ELVES in their quenched fraction and colour–magnitude distribution in the luminosity range −12 ≲ Mg ≲ −15. We find that satellites transition from blue colours to red colours at the luminosity range −15 ≲ Mg ≲ −12 in both the simulations and observations and we show that this shift is driven by environmental effects in the simulations. We demonstrate also that the colour distribution in both simulations and observations can be decomposed into two statistically distinct populations based on their morphological type or star-forming status that are statistically distinct. In the simulations, these two populations also have statistically distinct infall time distributions. The comparison presented here seems to indicate that this tension is resolved by the improved target selection of ELVES, but there are still tensions in understanding the colours of faint galaxies, of which ELVES appears to have a significant population of faint blue satellites not recovered in Auriga.
Unveiling the hosts of parsec-scale massive black hole binaries: morphology and electromagnetic signatures
Authors: Izquierdo-Villalba David , Sesana Alberto , Colpi Monica
Published: December 2022

Parsec-scale massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) are expected to form in hierarchical models of structure formation. Even though different observational strategies have been designed to detect these systems, a theoretical study is a further guide for their search and identification. In this work, we investigate the hosts properties and the electromagnetic signatures of massive black holes gravitationally bound on parsec-scales with primary mass $\rm {\gt }\, 10^7\, M_{\odot }$. For that, we construct a full-sky light-cone by the use of the semi-analytical model L-Galaxies  in which physically motivated prescriptions for the formation and evolution of MBHBs have been included. Our predictions show that the large majority of the MBHBs are placed either in spiral galaxies with a classical bulge structure or in elliptical galaxies. Besides, the scaling relations followed by MBHBs are indistinguishable from the ones of single massive black holes. We find that the occupation fraction of parsec-scale MBHBs reaches up to ${\sim }\, 50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in galaxies with $\rm M_{stellar}\, {\gt }\, 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$ and drops below 10 per cent for $\rm M_{stellar}\, {\lt }\, 10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$. Our model anticipates that the majority of parsec-scale MBHBs are unequal mass systems and lie at $z\, {\sim }\, 0.5$, with ${\sim }\, 20$ objects per $\rm deg^2$ in the sky. However, most of these systems are inactive, and only $\rm {1-0.1}$ objects per $\rm deg^2$ have an electromagnetic counterpart with a bolometric luminosity in excess of 1043 erg s−1. Very luminous phases of parsec-scale MBHBs are more common at $z\, {\gt }\, 1$, but the number of binaries per $\rm deg^2$ is ${\lesssim }\, 0.01$ at $\rm L_{\rm bol}\, {\gt }\, 10^{45}\,\rm erg\,s^{-1}$.
Cerebrospinal fluid metabolic markers predict prognosis behavior of primary central nervous system lymphoma with high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapeutic treatment
Authors: Zhou Liying , Li Qing , Xu Jingshen , Wang Shuaikang , Song Zhiqiang , Chen Xinyi , Ma Yan , Lin Zhiguang , Chen Bobin , Huang He
Published: December 2022

Background

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma which normally treated by high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX)-based chemotherapy. However, such treatment cannot always guarantee a good prognosis (GP) outcome while suffering several side effects. Thus, biomarkers or biomarker-based models that can predict PCNSL patient prognosis would be beneficial.

Methods

We first collected 48 patients with PCNSL and applied HPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomic analysis on such retrospective PCNSL patient samples. We then selected the highly dysregulated metabolites to build a logical regression model that can distinguish the survival time length by a scoring standard. Finally, we validated the logical regression model on a 33-patient prospective PCNSL cohort.

Results

Six metabolic features were selected from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that can form a logical regression model to distinguish the patients with relatively GP (Z score ≤0.06) from the discovery cohort. We applied the metabolic marker-based model to a prospective recruited PCNSL patient cohort for further validation, and the model preformed nicely on such a validation cohort (AUC = 0.745).

Conclusions

We developed a logical regression model based on metabolic markers in CSF that can effectively predict PCNSL patient prognosis before the HD-MTX-based chemotherapy treatments.
Predictors of Nonadherence Among Patients With Infectious Complications of Substance Use Who Are Discharged on Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Narayanan Shivakumar , Ching Patrick R , Traver Edward C , George Nivya , Amoroso Anthony , Kottilil Shyam
Published: December 2022

Background

The management of invasive infections related to substance use disorder (SUD) needing parenteral antimicrobial therapy is challenging and may have poor treatment outcomes including nonadherence and lack of completion of parenteral antimicrobial therapy.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort of 201 patients with invasive infections related to SUD, we looked at frequency and determinants of unfavorable outcomes including nonadherence.

Results

Seventy-nine percent of patients with SUD-related infection completed parenteral antibiotic therapy in skilled nursing facilities. A total of 21.5% of patient episodes had documentation of nonadherence. Nonadherence was higher in patients with active injection drug use (IDU) (28.5% versus 15% in non IDU; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–5.5; P = .024), patients with active SUD in the prior year (24.5% vs 11%, P = .047), patients with use of more than 1 illicit substance (30.3% vs 17%, P = .031), as well as in people experiencing homelessness (32.8% vs 15.7% in stably housed, P = .005). In a multivariate model, nonadherence was significantly associated with IDU (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.03–5.5) and homelessness (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.01–4.8) Medication for opioid use disorder was prescribed at discharge in 68% of overall cohort and was not associated with improved outcomes for any of the above groups.

Conclusions

Nonadherence to parenteral antimicrobial therapy is high in the most vulnerable patients with unstable high-risk SUD and adverse social determinants of health.
HY5 inhibits lateral root initiation in Arabidopsis through negative regulation of the microtubule-stabilizing protein TPXL5
Authors: Qian Yanmin , Wang Xiaohong , Liu Yimin , Wang Xiangfeng , Mao Tonglin
Published: December 2022

Tight control of lateral root (LR) initiation is vital for root system architecture and function. Regulation of cortical microtubule reorganization is involved in the asymmetric radial expansion of founder cells during LR initiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, critical genetic evidence on the role of microtubules in LR initiation is lacking and the mechanisms underlying this regulation are poorly understood. Here, we found that the previously uncharacterized microtubule-stabilizing protein TPX2-LIKE5 (TPXL5) participates in LR initiation, which is finely regulated by the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). In tpxl5 mutants, LR density was decreased and more LR primordia (LRPs) remained in stage I, indicating delayed LR initiation. In particular, the cell width in the peripheral domain of LR founder cells after the first asymmetric cell division was larger in tpxl5 mutants than in the wild-type. Consistently, ordered transverse cortical microtubule arrays were not well generated in tpxl5 mutants. In addition, HY5 directly targeted the promoter of TPXL5 and downregulated TPXL5 expression. The hy5 mutant exhibited higher LR density and fewer stage I LRPs, indicating accelerated LR initiation. Such phenotypes were partially suppressed by TPXL5 knockout. Taken together, our data provide genetic evidence supporting the notion that cortical microtubules are essential for LR initiation and unravel a molecular mechanism underlying HY5 regulation of TPXL5-mediated microtubule reorganization and cell remodeling during LR initiation.