bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN GERMANY
Authors: Bondarenko Oleksandr
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Entrepreneurship is an important component of the formation of the society and the economy. Today the question arises, what should be the strategy of its development given the past experience. This article discusses the strategy of entrepreneurship development in Germany.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the basis for further strategies for entrepreneurial activity development based on the data from previous years, cultural and social heritage of society as well as to identify the most relevant and possible areas of development, its trajectories and the main problems.

I found that entrepreneurship in modern Germany had been influenced by the events of the 20th century, when the country had been divided into two parts. However, the transition period had its positive consequences, such as the exchange of knowledge and approaches in solving certain problems and issues. I determined that the reform of entrepreneurship in Germany had entered a new wave of development, taking into account not only its own history, but also general global trends and needs of the internal market. State programs to support start-up entrepreneurs to facilitate the establishment of their own business and the first steps for its development and scaling were considered. I found that the issues of women’s, institutional and social entrepreneurship were becoming relevant. It is related to the change of base conceptions of personality of woman in society as a main educator of child, to the growing problem of explanation of central role of separate agency in institutional changes and to the desires of people and government to do an enterprise more inclusive through development of social enterprises that play a role of preachers of the alternative going near the decision of social problems.

The development of entrepreneurship in Germany has a clear strategy in all its areas. The government, the federal government, and private entrepreneurs are making significant efforts to integrate entrepreneurship into society and spread its ideas among the larger masses and categories of citizens. However, there are still obstacles and some of the necessary concepts of communication between different institutions are missing and need to be refined.
Some new results on intuitionistic fuzzy H-ideal in BCI-algebra
Authors: C. Ragavan  , A. Solairaj
Published: May 2023

Intuitionistic fuzzy set, involving membership, non-membership and hesitancy consideration present mathematically a very general structure. Because of these considerations it is possible to define several operations / compositions of these sets. In the existing literature ten different operations on such sets are defined. These ten operations on intuitionistic fuzzy sets bear interesting properties. In this paper we have identified and proved several of these properties, particularly those involving the operation $A \rightarrow B$ defined as standard intuitionistic fuzzy implicational with other operations.
Spectrum of fuzzy prime filters of a 0 - distributive lattice
Authors: Y. S. Pawar  , S. S. Khopade
Published: May 2023

Stone’s topology on the set of fuzzy prime filters of a bounded 0 - distributive lattice is introduced and many properties of this space of fuzzy prime filters are furnished.
On optional deterministic server vacations in a batch arrival queueing system with a single server providing first essential service followed by one of the two types of additional optional service
Authors: Kailash C. Madan
Published: May 2023

We analyze a batch arrival queue with a single server providing first essential service (FES) followed by one of the two types of additional optional service (AOS). After completion of the FES, a customer has the option to leave the system or to choose one of the two types of AOS and as soon as a customer leaves (either after the FES or after completing one of the chosen AOS, the server may take a vacation or may continue staying in the system. The vacation times are assumed to be deterministic and the server vacations are based on Bernoulli schedules under a single vacation policy. We obtain explicit queue size distribution at a random epoch under the steady state. In addition, some important performance measures such as the steady state expected queue size and the expected waiting time of a customer at a random epoch are obtained. Further, some interesting particular cases are also discussed.
Analytical solution of non-integer extra-ordinary differential equation via Adomian decomposition method
Authors: Ahcene Merad  , Samir Hadid
Published: May 2023

In the present paper, we obtain the analytical solution of the linear extraordinary fractional equations with constant coefficients by Adomian decomposition method under nonhomgeneous initial value condition, this method is a powerful method which consider the approximate solution as an infinite series usually converges to the exact solution.
Theory and practice of overcoming an economic crisis (on the Nobel Prize in economics in 2022)
Authors: Voronov Y. P.
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes the Nobel Prize winners in economics of the 2022’s research results. The author explains the meaning of the terms which are necessary for the analysis: money multiplier, liquidity, mortgage, mortgage bonds. In addition, the psychological factor in the formation of critical situations in the banking sector is considered the way it was interpreted by the winners. The article analyzes the reasons which led to the lower position of the USSR’s and modern Russia’s money multiplier compared to the position of the multiplier of the countries with developed market economies including, first of all, the USA. The paper also discusses the role which the “real bills doctrine” played in the activity of the US Federal Reserve System and Ben Bernank personally. Ben Bernank’s cautious line of behavior during the overcoming the 2008 crisis is described. The model of liquidity dynamics which belongs to the laureates and that is vividly discussed in the scientific community is considered in detail.
Traditional and new methods of pension authentication in China: Reasons, methods and problems
Authors: Liu Zh. , Isaev V. A.
Published: May 2023

The article discusses the topic of the digitalization of the pension systems in the People’s Republic of China, the spread of the new social authentication methods and the new pension payment confirmation system in the country. The population ageing problem is forcing the government of the People’s Republic of China to develop new methods of social support for the retired citizens. The article deals with the problems of pension payment confirmation for the Chinese, who are currently abroad, as well as the methods of solving the issue. Special attention is paid to the problem of pension authentication through overseas Chinese multifunctional centers (MFC). The article studies the main positive and negative aspects of “traditional” and “new” methods of pension authentication.
Analysis of the volatility of cash flows in the field of labor relations for monitoring the sustainability of the Russian economy
Authors: Larionov A. V. , Podvoysky G. L.
Published: May 2023

The aim of this research paper is to assess the applicability of the payment system data provided by the Bank of Russia for a prompt monitoring of the labor relations situation. Considering the growth of precarization, the change in the dynamics of labor relations is considered in the article as an operational indicator of the onset of potential economic crises. Taking the Bank of Russia payment system data as a basis, it is possible to use the volatility of cash flows information in the field of labor relations to determine the state of the economy. A methodological approach to determining critical values of this indicator by applying the three-sigma rule is also given in the article. In addition, the research paper investigates the relationship between the emergence of non-standard practices of interaction between economic actors in the labor market and values of the cash flow in the field of labor relations.
Factores que influyen en las preferencias del consumo de quinua orgánica en los hogares de la ciudad de Puno, 2020
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú, Mayhua Quenta Rosario
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research has been to determine the factors that affect the preferences of organic quinoaconsumption in households in the city of Puno. The present work has had a quantitative character, of anapplied type, with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and of an explanatory nature; the populationhas been composed of 127 heads of households from the city of Puno; Likewise, simple random sampling wasused as a probabilistic sampling procedure. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with 17 closedand open questions. For the estimation, a logit econometric model was applied, and subsequently the marginaleffects were estimated, obtaining the following results: The variable of age, family income, knowledge of the benefits of organic quinoa, household size, perception of health and perception of around the price positivelyinfluence the probability of preferences for the consumption of organic quinoa in households in the cityof Puno. In other words, if the age of the head of the household, family income, knowledge about thebenefits of organic quinoa, household size, perception around health and perception around price increase,the probability of preferences for quinoa consumption Organic Quinoa in households in the city of Punoincreases by 0.76%, 0.01%, 34.1%, 3.56%, 57.91% and 41.46% respectively, while the other variables do notinfluence the probability of organic Quinoa consumption in households in Puno. the city of Puno, likewisethe variable of perception around health and perception around the price of organic quinoa by consumershave a greater impact on the probability of preferences for the consumption of organic quinoa in householdsin the city of Puno with a value of 57.91% and 41.46% respective.
El acceso a Internet y los determinantes socioeconómicos en el Perú, período 2016-2019
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Perú, Humpiri Mamani Heyli Ercy
Published: May 2023

In Peru, internet access is scarce, due to its high payment in acquisition and low coverage or broadband.Considering that currently it has become an extremely necessary service for daily life, having an impact oninequality in various aspects such as the acquisition of better information, communication and streamlinesprocesses. The main objective of this research is to evaluate internet access and identify the main socioeco-nomic factors that influence internet access in Peru during the 2016-2019 period. For this, the NationalHousehold Survey (ENAHO) was taken. a sample of 142,396 households for the analysis of internet accessand to identify the main socioeconomic factors that influence internet access 9,612 households, using thepanel data methodology. Among the main results prevails, the Coast as a region with a greater numberof households in internet access compared to the Sierra and Selva regions, likewise the urban area is theone with more households in internet use unlike the rural one, but in In general, there are mostly more households without internet access compared to households with internet. In addition, it was obtained thatthe main socioeconomic determinants that influence internet access are; household income, age of the headof household, years of education of the head of household (positively and with a significance level of 1%) andpoverty (negatively with a significance level of 1%).
El comercio electrónico y su relación con el comportamiento del consumidor de la ciudad de Cusco-Perú, 2021
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad de Cusco, Perú, Ojeda Rondan Hellen Tatiana , Yampi Supho Danny Mariela ,   Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad de Cusco, Perú, Vargas Salinas Rafael Fernando ,   Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad de Cusco, Perú
Published: May 2023

The main objective of this research work was to analyze the way in which electronic commerce was relatedto consumer buying habits or behavior in the city of Cusco for the year 2021. The research is part of thequantitative paradigm, being the investigative design of a non-experimental nature, as well as, of a descriptivetype and in transversal temporal terms; For data collection, an instrument (questionnaire) of 33 questions wasdeveloped, which made it possible to characterize all the dimensions of the study; The population subject tothe study was made up of the inhabitants of the town of Cusco, which includes the range of 18 to 60 years,who are the potential consumers of online purchases. The investigation concludes by pointing out that thereis a positive or direct and, in turn, significant relationship between electronic commerce and the behaviorassumed by the average consumer in the city of Cusco; that is to say, that electronic commerce directly affects the behavior in the Cusco consumer market, as well as, the presence of a positive and significantrelationship between electronic platforms and the levels of purchases made is demonstrated, which in turnexpresses, a significant relationship between the means of payment and the behavioral habits (purchasingbehavior) of the consumers studied.
Imaginario social y proyectos de exploración minera Ñunoa, Puno-Perú
Authors:   Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno-Peru, Quispe Borda Wenceslao
Published: May 2023

The study on the social imaginary of the local actors, affected by the exploration works of the miningcompany, is highly relevant to achieve complementarity between agricultural and mining activities. Theobjective of the article is to analyze and interpret the social imaginary of local actors about the miningexploration project in the district of Nuñoa. The methodology that was applied is the phenomenologicalapproach, with the techniques and instruments of semi-structured interviews, participant observation anddocumentary review, with a sample stratified by quotas. As results we have that some local actors indicatethat mining cannot coexist with agriculture, while others consider that it would generate opportunities forimprovement and local development. The preservation of the environment at the local level is based on theharmonious relationship established by the inhabitants with the natural environment, expressed in Andean cultural practices. Regarding local perceptions, the absence or inaction of the State is perceived, and theactors of regional and national institutions perceive that the State assumes the regulatory role of miningactivities and natural resources, through norms and laws. It is concluded that, around the social imaginary oflocal actors in front of the mining exploration project, it is varied, both in rejection and acceptance; it isunderstood that there is a complementarity between the Andean worldview and the western worldview;and finally, local actors perceive that the State is absent, while regional and local actors perceive only theregulatory role of the State.
Investigation of Ni- and Co-Based Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Carbon-Free Air Electrodes Designed for Zinc-Air Batteries
Authors: Mladenova Emiliya , Slavova Miglena , Abrashev Borislav , Terziev Valentin , Burdin Blagoy , Raikova Gergana
Published: May 2023

Ni- and Co-oxide materials have promising electrocatalytic properties towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and attract with low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness. The stability of these materials in alkaline media has made them the most studied candidates for practical applications such as a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, we propose a novel concept for a carbon-free gas GDE design. A mixture of catalyst (Co3O4, NiCo2O4) and polytetrafluoroethylene was hot pressed onto a stainless-steel mesh as the current collector. To enhance the electrical conductivity and, thus, increase ORR performances, up to 70 wt.% Ni powder was included. The GDEs produced in this way were examined in a half-cell configuration with a 6 M KOH electrolyte, stainless steel counter electrode, and hydrogen reference electrode at room temperature. Electrochemical tests were performed and coupled with microstructural observations to evaluate the properties of the present oxygen electrodes in terms of their bifunctionality and stability enhancement. The electrochemical behavior of the new types of gas-diffusion electrodes, Ni/Co3O4 and Ni/NiCo2O4, shows acceptable overpotentials for OER and ORR. Better mechanical and chemical stability of electrodes consisting of Ni/NiCo2O4 (70:30 wt.%) was registered. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-023 Full Text: PDF
Overview on Case Study Penetration Testing Models Evaluation
Authors: Al-Ahmad Ahmad S. , Kahtan Hasan , Alzoubi Yehia I.
Published: May 2023

Model evaluation is a cornerstone of scientific research as it represents the findings' accuracy and model performance. A case study is commonly used in evaluating software engineering models. Due to criticism in terms of generalization from a single case study and testers, deciding on the number of case studies used for evaluation and the number of testers has been one of the researchers’ challenges. Multiple case studies with multiple testers can be difficult in some domains, such as penetration testing, due to the complexity and time needed to prepare test cases. This study aims to review the literature and examine the evaluation methods used pertaining to the number of case studies and testers involved. This study is beneficial for researchers, students, and penetration testers as it provides case study design steps that are useful to determine the appropriate number of test cases and testers required. The paper's findings and novelty highlight that a single case study with a single tester is enough to evaluate a model. It also strikes a balance between what is enough for the evaluation and the need to reduce criticisms of a single case study by using two case studies with a single tester. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-025 Full Text: PDF
ORGANIZATION OF SACRED LANDSCAPE AND ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING OF OCEANIC PEOPLES
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of China and Contemporary Asia, Babaev Kirill V.
Published: May 2023

The paper is about the description and analysis of methods and forms of organization of sacred landscape and religious architecture of the autochthonous people of the Pacific, to be compared to the first primitive forms of architectural art in Eurasia and Australia. The article discusses such elements of religious architecture of Polynesian peoples as the communal houses of the Maori of New Zealand, megalithic structures of Easter (Rapa Nui) island, as well as the marae ritual areas in Polynesia. A hypothesis is discussed that some of the elements of the most ancient sacred landscape of the Pacific may be considered universal for the development of human culture and spirituality. Similar forms could be considered as prototypes of the ancient sacred constructions and settlement architecture of Eurasia.
INFORMATION SECURITY THREATS ASSESSMENT PROCESS MODELING FOR TAX AUTHORITIES’ INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kosenkova Yulia Yu. , Romanovskii Sergei V. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University, Tsatskina Elena P. ,   Moscow State Linguistic University
Published: May 2023

The current stage of Russian society development is characterized by the implementation of measures aimed at the development of digital technologies and their introduction into various spheres of the economy. An example of an innovative digital breakthrough in Russia is the Federal Tax Service, which accumulates significant amounts of confidential information, maintains a large number of registries, and implements a large number of services, including those not related to taxation. The realization of threats to information security in relation to information and communication technologies of the Federal Tax Service can lead to negative consequences. The purpose of the study is to build a model that allows assessing the probability of occurrence of the threats in question and their impact on digital interaction system between tax authorities and taxpayers, and the security of databases formed by tax authorities. The study applies universal methods of scientific cognition and mathematical methods for the construction of a risk assessment model. As a result, a model is proposed that allows assessment of information security risks, which information and communication technologies of the Federal Tax Service of Russia are exposed to. The proposed model can be used both at various levels of tax administration and in other spheres of state and municipal administration.
A Comparative Study of the Texts of Peking Opera Hwayongdo and Pansori Hwayongdo
Authors:   National Gugak Center, Dong Yilin
Published: May 2023

This study compared and analyzed saseol (texts like lyrics and dialogues) of Chinese Peking opera Hwayongdo (華容道 The Huarong Path) and the passage of 'Hwayongdo' in Korean pansori (musical storytelling) Jeokbyeokga. To this end, reviewing the written materials related to the Peking opera Hwayongdo, it found that it was first included under the title Dangcao in Chewangfu quben, a collection of librettos of early Peking opera works from the mid-Qing Dynasty (1636-1912).
The title Hwayongdo was first used in the 'Qingshengping ban ximu' (repertoire of plays by the Qingshengping troupe) of the Chinese literature Dao Xian yilai Liyuan xinian xiaolu (a small record of the theater from the Daoguang and Xianfeng) at the 4th year of the Daoguang Emperor (1824).
The results of comparing the saseol of the Peking opera Hwayongdo included in Jingju chuantong juben huibian (a collection of traditional Peking opera scripts) with that of 'Hwayongdo' in Jeokbyeokga performed by Song Sun-seop are as follows. First, the Hwayongdo of the two countries were different in terms of saseol composition by each section. Scenes were added to the beginning section in Peking opera whereas they were added in the middle and final sections in pansori. Second, the development of saseol contents was generally similar, but there were differences in the focal point of the description. Pansori 'Hwayongdo' had a strong tendency to express the character's way of speaking, expression, and appearance vividly and realistically. However, the Peking opera Hwayongdo was concisely organized around the plot.
This phenomenon is not only because Chinese audiences are more familiar with the contents of the novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms , but also because the dialogue, acting, and makeup of Peking opera actors were able to vividly express Hwayongdo and thus a realistic description was unnecessary. On the other hand, Korean audiences would have been very curious about the exotic subject matter and characters appearing in 'Hwayongdo' and to satisfy this curiosity, a more detailed description and added content would have been needed.
This study are significant in that they confirm how the traditional performing art of China and Korea, both based on the same novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms , has developed as different types of contents in the process of accommodating the performance environment and the taste of audiences.
A Study for the Creative Succession of Mask Dance Movements - Focusing on the Dismantling and Reorganization of Basic Dance Movements -
Authors:   National Gugak Center, Park Insoo , Kim Jihoon , No Byeongyu , Lee Juwon , Jang Jingyu
Published: May 2023

This paper was initiated to find a way in which one can freely express movements of mask dance, which had been fixed since it was designated as the cultural heritage. To this end, it focused on the way of performing in nongak (percussion ensemble music)--the movements of performers are relatively free even after being designated as a national intangible cultural heritage--in order to apply it to mask dance.
First, this study selected Goseong ogwangdae, Yangju byeolsandae nori , and Gangnyeong talchum, which have relatively many dance movements among the basic dance of mask dance designated as national intangible cultural heritages.
Then, by analyzing the movements of basic dance in each region, it dismantled them by dividing them into upper and lower body parts just like the way of performing in nongak , and combined those dismantled movements of the three regions in various angles. In this process, it confirmed that each movement was classified based on beat, and classified and organized the dismantled movements as 'one-beat movement', 'two-beat movement', 'four-beat movement', or 'fixed movement' according to the beat. It also confirmed that the combination of the upper and lower body movements was made based on beat. Lastly, utilizing the results, this study created new dance movements by reorganizing the upper and lower body movements of mask dances in the three regions from various angles, and produced and presented a performance type of basic dance.
Through this process, this study confirmed that mask dance performances can be produced through dismantling and recombining, just like nongak. As the process of combining the dismantled dance movements gradually became familiar, it became possible to combine them in accordance to detailed subdivided beats. In addition, it was possible to design systematic education by producing the movements of mask dance according to the level of the students. It is hoped that the results of this study will be shared with more performers, leading to systematic classes and creative work using them.
Reconsideration on the Formation and Function of Eumseongseo Given the Article on Ureuk
Authors:   National Gugak Center, Yun Taeyang
Published: May 2023

According to the article on Ureuk (于勒) recorded in 'Akji' (樂志, music section) of Samguksagi (三國史記), there is the statement that King Gasil (嘉室王) had invented gayageum (plucked zither) after seeing musical instruments of ‘Tang (唐).’ It is clear that this statement could only appear after 618 when the Tang Dynasty was founded. Moreover, it is after September 644 that Silla's hyeon (prefecture) can be placed in Seongyeol-hyeon, which is the hometown of Ureuk. Since the name of Seongyeol-hyeon does not appear in the 'Jiriji' of the Samguksagi, it seems that the place name of Seongyeol-hyeon was used before 685 when the basic town name of the 'Jiriji' of the Samguksagi was decided. From the perspective of organizing music-related literature, if the writing of this document is regarded as Eumseongseo (音聲署), it seems that the birth of this record is related to 651, the point at which it was officially said that daesa (大舍) was placed in Eumseongseo.
In that article, it is also found that gyego (階古) and juji (注知) were recorded as daenama (大奈麻, the 10th grade in the 17-grade system of Silla) while mandeok (萬德) as daesa (12th grade). However, in that mandeok 's official position corresponds to daesa of the Eumseongseo and a structure in which two superiors are located at the top can be found, it is believed that the prototype of the organization Eumseongseo was found even around the 550s, which is almost 100 years from 651. What had changed around 651 was that Silla music was documented, historicized, and systematized, judging from the point at which it was presumed that an article related to Ureuk in 'Akji' was written, as inferred earlier.
In addition, paying attention to the fact that there are at least two people at the top of daesa , it is inferred the situation when the minister of Eumseongseo was jang (長) before being reorganized into gyeong (卿) in 687. In this regard, attention was paid to Seongcheon (星川), who appeared in 664. Considering the context of the narrative in which this character appears, Seongcheon is considered to be a character corresponding to daenama and has something in common with the cases of gyego and juji . Considering that the official position of gyeong in Eumseongseo corresponds to geupchan (級飡, 9th grade) to achan (阿飡, 6th grade), it is thought to give a clue that this is reorganized from jang to gyeong , and the position of the official has risen. It is believed to thank to the process of documentation, historicization, and systematization mentioned above. Therefore, gyeong of Eumseongseo, which was initially promoted thanks to the temporary expansion of music-related business, was able to maintain its prestige not only in the short term but also in the long term, thanks to such historical trends.
Isolated Singularities of Positive Harmonic Functions in Bounded Domains
Authors: Hamad Haneen R.
Published: May 2023

The singularity of positive harmonic functions has been studied in the punctured unit open ball in B(0,1)/{0} [1]. The representation of a positive harmonic function in B(0,1)/{0} is given by Bôcher’s Theorem. In this work, the representation of Bôchre’s has been generalized to a punctured bounded domain in R n Omiga/{Xo} . Then the work has been extended to represent positive harmonic functions with two isolated singularities in a bounded domain of R n .
Approximation using a modified type of Bernstein operators
Authors: Shehab Mustafa K.
Published: May 2023

A new generalization for the Bernstein-Kantorovich operator with a parameter is proposed in this study. First, we prove the Korovkin type approximation theorem, then we provide the Voronovskaja type theorem for our generalization, demonstrating that the order of approximation is improved, making the approximation by our operators better than the original Kantorovich, and finally, we provide some numerical data for two test functions to support the study.
Alain Badiou a Life and a System of Thought:
Authors: Barria-Asenjo Nicol A.
Published: May 2023

"L'histoire des idees", has a nominal existence in the period of the Enlightenment, that is to say, it has its origins in the 19th century in France. From the moment of its appearance and establishment as an independent field, it maintained a close and complementary relationship with philosophy. At present, the History of Ideas is a field in dialogue with History, Historiography, Philosophy and even Psychoanalysis. It is necessary to return to the French intellectual terrain, to the living history and intellectual production of our time in order to analyze the contribution that French philosophers make to the history of Ideas in the 21st century. Specifically, to pay special attention to the system of thought created by the philosopher Alain Badiou. The present document, which emerges as an initial and introductory kick-off to a more complex project, is a general reading and analysis of some of Badiou's contributions to contemporary philosophy.
O negócio da Cacauicultura: guia para o produtor rural
Authors: Silva Rosa de Nazaré Paes da , Martin Débora Gozanga , Giannini Tereza Cristina , Oliveira Guilherme
Published: May 2023

A cacauicultura é reconhecida como uma atividade importante e vital para a economia de diversos países. O Brasil é o sétimo produtor de cacau no mundo, com o cultivo em nove Estados, com destaque para Bahia e Pará. O país também é um importante consumidor do fruto. Devido a essa relevância, o Instituto Tecnológico Vale oferece, por meio desta cartilha, informações básicas, contudo importantes, para a boa gestão do negócio da cacauicultura. Conhecer as etapas do processo de produção é fundamental, mas identificar o potencial de crescimento do empreendimento é de grande valor para o alcance da maturidade financeira e produtiva. Nesse contexto, é preciso entender quais são as forças e as fragilidades que podem ser identificadas em uma atividade agrícola. Como organizar a produção? Como estruturar as finanças? O objetivo desta cartilha é apontar caminhos para a melhoria e o aperfeiçoamento da produção, apresentando os mecanismos que vão ajudar na gestão a lavoura cacaueira e mostrar, por meio da cadeia de valor, o potencial da produção.
Guided Discovery Learning Model Using Concept Map Strategy to Improve Students Metacognition and Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Muhali Muhali , Sukaisih Roniati
Published: May 2023

This study aims to improve students' metacognition and critical thinking skills in learning physics through the implementation of the guided discovery learning model with a concept map strategy. This research is a classroom action research, with stages: (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation and evaluation, and (4) reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 students of class XI IPA MAN 3 Central Lombok. The research instrument consisted of metacognition skill assessment sheets and critical thinking tests, which were declared valid and reliable. Data analysis was carried out in a quantitative descriptive manner. The results of this study are: (1) students' metacognition skills experienced an increase in scores in the high category of 33.33% (cycle I), 80.00% (cycle II), and 86.67% (cycle III) ; (2) students' critical thinking skills also experienced an increase in scores in the high and very high categories with a percentage of 63.33% (cycle I), 76.66% (cycle II), and 86.67% (cycle III). thus, the implementation of the guided discovery learning model with a concept map strategy can improve students' metacognition and critical thinking skills in learning physics
Evaluation of Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, lufenuron 5.4 EC against Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in Blackgram
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India., V Baskaran , K Gunasekaran ,   Department of Nano Science and Technology, Centre for Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: May 2023

Two field experiments were conducted during October 2011 – January 2012 and October 2012 to January 2013 with blackgram variety CO 6 and CO 5 in farmer’s holdings at Kaliannanpudur and Valayapalayam, Coimbatore, respectively to evaluate the efficacy of lufenuron 5.4 EC at 20, 30, 40 and 60 g a.i. ha -1 against Maruca vitrata (Geyer). In the field experiments, lufenuron 5.4 EC at 60 g a.i. ha -1 reduced the flower damage by 66.05 and 88.37 per cent, respectively over untreated control after three rounds of spraying and cumulative reduction of flower damage was 56.07 and 74.60 per cent. The population of spiders was high in untreated control (5.51 and 6.53 per 10 plants, respectively), followed by lufenuron 5.4 EC at 20 g a.i. ha -1 (5.16 and 5.97 per 10 plants, respectively) which was on par with lufenuron 5.4 EC at 30 g, 40 g and 60 g a.i. ha-1 . The highest yields of 900.50 kg ha -1 and 937.50 kg ha-1 , respectively were obtained in plots treated with lufenuron 5.4 EC at 60 g a.i. ha -1 in both trials.
Influence of Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Uptake of Transplanted Rice
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003, C Sangeetha , A Velayutham ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Field experiments were conducted in clay loam soil in the wet land farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during rabi, 2011-12 and 2012-13 to evaluate the different crop establishment methods and weed management practices in lowland transplanted rice. The experiments were laid out in strip plot design with three replications. The treatments consisted of three crop establishment methods as horizontal strips and six weed management practices as vertical strips. The results of the study revealed that mechanical transplanting (30 x 20 cm) with conoweeding four times at 10 days interval, starting from 10 DAT had recorded better root characteristics such as root length, volume and dry weight attributing to higher nutrient uptake by rice resulting in higher grain and straw yield. This practice was comparable with mechanical transplanting (30 x 20 cm) with preemergence application of pretilachlor @ 0.75kg a.i. ha-1 + early post emergence of bispyribac sodium @ 20g a.i. ha -1 + conoweeding at 40 DAT.
Effect of Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, Lufenuron 5.4 EC on Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, V Baskaran , K Gunasekaran ,   Centre for Plant Protection Studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu
Published: May 2023

Field experiments were conducted during November 2011 to August 2012 at Narashimmanaiyakenpalayam and Pujanganoor, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the efficacy of Lufenuron 5.4 EC at 20, 30, 40 and 60 g a.i./ha. against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). In the two field experiments, Lufenuron 5.4 EC applied at 60 g a.i. ha -1 reduced the incidence of H. armigera by 86.83 and 85.37 per cent respectively over untreated control after three rounds of spraying. The highest yields of 20.58 q ha -1 and 16.25 q ha -1 were obtained in the plots treated with Lufenuron 5.4 EC at 60 g a.i. ha -1 at two locations followed by Lufenuron 5.4 EC at 40 g and 30 g a.i. ha -1
Morphometric Diversity of Popular Coconut Cultivars ofSouth Travancore
Authors:   College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum, S Selvaraju , V G Jayalekshmy ,   College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum
Published: May 2023

Morphological data on fourteen biometrical traits in thirty palms belonging to six popular coconut cultivars of south Travancore, via., WCT, Komadan, Laccadive Ordinary, Natural Cross Dwarf, Chowghat Green Dwarf and Chowghat Orange Dwarf were subjected to genetic analysis. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for weight of unhusked nut, weight of husked nut and number of nuts per palm per year indicating the use of these characters in selection for improvement. All characters showed positive significant correlation with direct effect on yield. Cluster analysis showed the nut characters to be superior in assessing genetic divergence in coconut. The group constellations developed based on D 2 showed that the local cultivar WCT and NCD were clustered together and the well preferred cultivar Komadan got clustered along with Laccadive Ordinary, the variety of Lakshadweep released in Kerala as "Chandrakalpa" for its superiority in performance. Maximum divergence was reported between Komadan and NCD. Komadan was found to be a superior palm on par with laccadive ordinary. Hybridization between Komadan and WCT and between Komadan and Dwarf palms is suggested for yielding superior hybrids.
A High Yielding Prosomillet National Variety TNAU 151
Authors:   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, A Nirmalakumari , A Subramanian ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Manoharan ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, T Raguchander ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, A R Muthiah ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, T S Raveendran ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

A high yielding Prosomillet culture, TNAU 151, was developed at the Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and tested at national level for three years from 2005 to 2008. It is a non-lodging, fertilizer responsive and early maturing culture selected from the segregants of the cross involving TNAU 96 X PV 1673. Its average yield is 1860 kg of grain and 4130 kg of straw per hectare under normal condition. It is a medium tall, profusely tillering, non shattering and non-lodging variety and is highly suitable for dry lands of India. The panicle is large and branched. The grains are bold and golden yellow in colour. Being a short duration culture (72 days), it is the best suited crop for contingency planting. Under All India Coordinated Trials, this culture has registered an average yield of 1860 kg/ha which was 10.36 and 14.44 percent increase over TNAU 149 and DHPM 50-1-1 (qualifying checks) and 35.35 and 35.45 percent increase over national checks GPUP 21 and K 1 respectively. Based on the consistent superiority in yield performance, the prosomillet advanced culture TNAU 151 was released as a national variety in the year 2008.
Influence of Mycorrhiza, Nitrogen and Phosphoruson Growth, Yield and Economics of Hybrid Maize
Authors:   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, M Mohamed Amanullah , T Ananthi ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K S Subramanian ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, P Muthukrishnan ,   Department of Agronomy Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during kharif 2009 to study the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer levels on the yield and grain quality of hybrid maize under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. Four fertilizer levels viz., 200:100:100, 150:100:100, 200:75:100 and 150:75:100 NPK kg ha-1 were the treatments under factor 'A'. Two mycorrhizal treatments viz., no inoculation of mycorrhiza (control) (M - ) and inoculation of mycorrhiza (M + ) were included under factor 'B'. The results revealed that among the fertilizer levels, 200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 and among the mycorrhizal treatments, mycorrhizal inoculation recorded taller plants, higher number of leaves, LAI, DMP, grain yield and BC ratio. However the yield was comparable with 200:75:100 NPK kg ha-1. Regarding the treatment combinations, eventhough higher CGR and RGR were recorded under fertilizer level of 200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 and inoculation of mycorrhiza, application of 150:75:100 NPK kg ha-1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation recorded significantly better growth, yield and BC ratio of maize hybrid.
Degree of Dominance and Generation Mean Variance Analysisfor Biometrical Traits in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors:   Centre for Plant breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, P Sumathi , V Muralidharan ,   Centre for Plant breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003
Published: May 2023

The experiment was conducted with six generations derived from five inter varietal crosses TMV 5 x KS99037(C1), TMV 5 x KS990812 (C2), TMV 5 x KS990813 (C3), TMV 5 x KS99153 (C4) and TMV 5 x Cordebergea (C5) involving six genotypes of sesame to study the components of variances and degree of dominance for different traits. The observations on days to first flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant were recorded for the selected individual plants. The variances estimated from different generations were partitioned into different genetic components of variation. The degree of dominance was greater than unity in TMV 5 x KS99037 for days to maturity, in TMV 5 x KS990812 for days to first flowering, in TMV 5 x KS990813 for days to first flowering and days to maturity, in TMV 5 x Cordebergea for number of seeds per capsule which showed over dominance for the respective traits. Hence, it is suggested for adoption of heterosis breeding for these crosses in sesame. The cross TMV 5 x KS99037 for days to first flowering, number of branches per plant and oil content and TMV 5 x KS990813 for plant height and number of capsules per plant showed partial dominance for the respective traits. The recombination breeding followed by selection in the later generation will improve the respective traits. The traits, plant height, number of capsules per plant and 100 seed weight were largely controlled by both additive and dominance variance. The pedigree or recombination breeding followed by selection in later generations would improve these characters. The environmental variance for the characters days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, capsule length, number of seeds per capsule and 100 seed weight revealed that environment plays an important role for the expression of these traits.
Emamectin Benzoate 5 SG and 1.9 EC: A Safer Insecticide to Coccinellids of Bhendi Ecosystem
Authors:   Sugarcane Research Station, Melalathur-635 806, R Sheeba Jasmine , S Kuttalam ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, TNAU, Coimbatore
Published: May 2023

Two field experiments were conducted to study the impact of emamectin benzoate on coccinellids of bhendi. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG and 1.9 EC @ 7,11 15 and 20 g a.i. ha -1 were tested in comparison with Proclaim 5 SG @ 11 g a.i. ha -1 and endosulfan 35 EC @ 350 g a.i. ha -1 Observations on the population of coccinellids were made prior to spraying and on 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after spraying from 10 randomly tagged plants per plot and the mean worked out. Results showed that emamectin benzoate 5 SG and 1.9 EC was found to be safer to coccinellids at all concentrations tested. The highest population was recorded in plots treated with Emamectin benzoate @ 7 g a.i. ha -1 followed by emamectin benzoate @ 11 g a.i. ha -1 , respectively.
TNAU Sorghum CO 30 - A High Yielding Dual Purpose Variety for Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Department of Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Ganesamurthy , N Meenakshiganesan ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, D Punitha ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, S Sivakumar ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, V Rajaram ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, R Velazhahan ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, P Veerabadhiran ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, K Thiyagarajan ,   Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003
Published: May 2023

A dual purpose sorghum culture TNS 598 (hybrid derivative of the cross APK 1 x TNS 291) developed with an objective of combining high grain and fodder yield was released as TNAU sorghum CO 30. It is a tall growing non-lodging tan plant type variety, matures in 100 - 105 days and remains green even at maturity. The grains are creamy white in colour, borne on medium cylindrical semi-compact ear heads. It recorded an average grain yield of 2805 Kg/ha under rain-fed with 20.7 per cent and 19.3 per cent increase over CO(S) 28 and APK 1 respectively while its mean grain yield was 3364 Kg/ha under irrigation which is 19.2 per cent and 23.7 per cent increase over CO(S) 28 and APK 1 respectively. The mean stover yield was 6988 Kg/ha and 9292 Kg/ha under rain fed and irrigated situation respectively. The culture TNS 598 is resistant to downy mildew and moderately resistant to shoot fly, stem borer and grain mould disease.