bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and evolution of secondary metabolites in Eriocaulaceae, Lythraceae and Velloziaceae from "campos rupestres"
Authors: Salatino Antonio , Salatino Maria Luiza Faria , Santos Déborah Yara A.C. dos , Patrício Márcia Cristina B.
Published: April 2005

Hypotheses are presented on the evolution of structural patterns of secondary metabolites (flavonoids and foliar wax alkanes) and fatty acids of families of "campos rupestres". The distribution of fatty acids is given for genera of Lythraceae, with emphasis on Cuphea (supposedly more advanced) and Diplusodon. Compounds with saturated short chains represent a derived condition in Lythraceae although they are probably restricted to Cuphea. It is suggested that evolution selected for more complex flavonoid patterns in Cuphea, with the inclusion of C-glycoflavones and methoxylated flavonols (rhamnetin and isorhamnetin), which are not found in members of Diplusodon and Lafoensia. The supposedly primitive groups of Eriocaulaceae (e.g., Paepalanthus) presented more complex flavonoid patterns characterized by flavones and flavonols, the latter frequently being 6-hydroxylated or methoxylated. More advanced groups of Eriocaulaceae (e.g., Leiothrix and Syngonanthus) apparently possess only flavones, C-glycoflavones are a salient feature of species with smaller habits. In Velloziaceae, members of the primitive subfamily Vellozioideae show distribution of alkanes of foliar epicuticular wax in which C27, C29 or C31 predominate; members of the derived subfamily Barbacenioideae usually show distributions with a predominance of C33 or C35, while species of Pleurostima (Barbacenioideae) have C31 as the main homologue, thus being intermediate between the two subfamilies. It is suggested that the evolution of alkanes in Velloziaceae follows a trend toward elongation of carbon chains. The condition of advanced or primitive chemical patterns is inferred from the results of cladistic analyses based on morphological characters (Eriocaulaceae and Lythraceae), and morphological and molecular characters (Velloziaceae).
Mechanisms involved in the induction of aneuploidy: the significance of chromosome loss
Authors: Seoane A.I. , Güerci A.M. , Dulout F.N.
Published: April 2005

The induction of aneuploidy by physical and chemical agents using different test systems was evaluated. The effect of X-rays, caffeine, acetaldehyde, ethanol, diethylstilbestrol, propionaldehyde, and chloral hydrate was studied by chromosome counting in Chinese hamster embryonic diploid cells. Aneugenic ability of cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, potassium dichromate, chromium chloride, nickel chloride, and nickel sulfate was assessed by means of anaphase-telophase analysis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Chromosome counting in human fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) was employed to evaluate the effect of cacodilic acid, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, and potassium dichromate. Finally, the induction of kinetochore-positive and kinetochore negative micronuclei by cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, potassium dichromate, chromium chloride, and nickel chloride was studied using CREST antibodies. When the effect of different agents was determined by chromosome counting, an increase of hypoploid but not of hyperploid cells was observed. Anaphase-telophase analysis showed that metal salts increased the frequency of lagging chromosomes. This finding has been confirmed by the increment of kinetochore-positive micronuclei using CREST antibodies. Therefore, chromosome loss could be considered as the main cause of induced aneuploidy.
Predisposition to cancer and radiosensitivity
Authors: Pichierri P. , Franchitto A. , Palitti F.
Published: April 2005

Many cancer-prone diseases have been shown to be radiosensitive. The radiosensitivity has been attributed to pitfalls in the mechanisms of repair of induced DNA lesions or to an impaired cell cycle checkpoint response. Although discrepancies exist in the results obtained by various authors on the radiosensitivity of individuals affected by the same disease, these can be attributed to the large variability observed already in the response to radiation of normal individuals. To date three test are commonly used to assess radiosensitivity in human cells: survival, micronucleous and G2 chromosomal assay. The three tests may be performed using either fibroblasts or peripheral blood lymphocytes and all the three tests share large interindividual variability. In this regard a new approach to the G2 chromosomal assay which takes into account the eventual differences in cell cycle progression among individuals has been developed. This new approach is based on the analysis of G2 homogeneous cell populations. Cells irradiated are immediately challenged with medium containing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd). Then cells are sampled at different post-irradiation times and BrdUrd incorporation detected on metaphases spread and the scoring is done only at time points showing similar incidence of labelled cells among the different donors. Using this approach it has been possible to reduce the interindividual variability of the G2 chromosomal assay.
Bioinformatics of the sugarcane EST project
Authors: Telles Guilherme P. , Braga Marília D.V. , Dias Zanoni , Tzy-Li Lin , Quitzau José A.A. , Silva Felipe R. da , Meidanis João
Published: April 2005

The Sugarcane EST project (SUCEST) produced 291,904 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in a consortium that involved 74 sequencing and data mining laboratories. We created a web site for this project that served as a ‘meeting point’ for receiving, processing, analyzing, and providing services to help explore the sequence data. In this paper we describe the information pathway that we implemented to support this project and a brief explanation of the clustering procedure, which resulted in 43,141 clusters.
Identification of 14-3-3-like protein in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Kuramae Eiko Eurya , Fenille Roseli Chela , Rosa Jr. Vicente Eugenio de
Published: April 2005

In a search of the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) database we located three full-length cDNAs (SCCCLR1022D05.g, SCCCRZ1001D02.g and SCBFLR1026E02.g) encoding the 14-3-3 proteins from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). The encoded proteins were identified based on the clustering of the expressed sequence tags and were shown to encode proteins similar to 14-3-3 proteins of other monocotyledonous plants. Cluster SCCCLR1022D05.g was 99% similar to the maize 14-3-3-like protein (gi|1345587) while cluster SCCCRZ1001D02.g shared 96% and SCBFLR1026E02.g 94% similarity with the 14-3-3 protein of rice (gi|7435022). Although 14-3-3 proteins have been reported to be specific to particular species, tissue or organ from which they were isolated, all three sugarcane clusters were found to be expressed in several tissues.
Identification of sugarcane cDNAs encoding components of the cell cycle machinery
Authors: Andrietta Mírian Helene , Eloy Núbia Barbosa , Hemerly Adriana Silva , Ferreira Paulo C.G.
Published: April 2005

Data on cell cycle research in plants indicate that the majority of the fundamental regulators are conserved with other eukaryotes, but the controlling mechanisms imposed on them, and their integration into growth and development is unique to plants. To date, most studies on cell division have been conducted in dicot plants. However, monocot plants have distinct developmental strategies that will affect the regulation of cell division at the meristems. In order to advance our understanding how cell division is integrated with the basic mechanisms controlling cell growth and development in monocots, we took advantage of the sugarcane EST Project (Sucest) to carry an exhaustive data mining to identify components of the cell cycle machinery. Results obtained include the description of distinct classes of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs); A, B, D, and H-type cyclins; CDK-interacting proteins, CDK-inhibitory and activating kinases, pRB and E2F transcription factors. Most sugarcane cell cycle genes seem to be member of multigene families. Like in dicot plants, CDKa transcription is not restricted to tissues with elevated meristematic activity, but the vast majority of CDKb-related ESTs are found in regions of high proliferation rates. Expression of CKI genes is far more abundant in regions of less cell division, notably in lateral buds. Shared expression patterns for a group of clusters was unraveled by transcriptional profiling, and we suggest that similar approaches could be used to identify genes that are part of the same regulatory network.
A genomic approach to elucidating grass flower development
Authors: Dornelas Marcelo C. , Rodriguez Adriana P.M.
Published: April 2005

In sugarcane (Saccharum sp) as with other species of grass, at a certain moment of its life cycle the vegetative meristem is converted into an inflorescence meristem which has at least two distinct inflorescence branching steps before the spikelet meristem terminates in the production of a flower (floret). In model dicotyledonous species such successive conversions of meristem identities and the concentric arrangement of floral organs in specific whorls have both been shown to be genetically controlled. Using data from the Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Project (SUCEST) database, we have identified all sugarcane proteins and genes putatively involved in reproductive meristem and flower development. Sequence comparisons of known flower-related genes have uncovered conserved evolutionary pathways of flower development and flower pattern formation between dicotyledons and monocotyledons, such as some grass species. We have paid special attention to the analysis of the MADS-box multigene family of transcription factors that together with the APETALA2 (AP2) family are the key elements of the transcriptional networks controlling plant reproductive development. Considerations on the evolutionary developmental genetics of grass flowers and their relation to the ABC homeotic gene activity model of flower development are also presented.
Oxidative stress response in sugarcane
Authors: Soares Netto Luis Eduardo
Published: April 2005

Oxidative stress response in plants is still poorly understood in comparison with the correspondent phenomenon in bacteria, yeast and mammals. For instance, nitric oxide is assumed to play various roles in plants although no nitric oxide synthase gene has yet been isolated. This research reports the results of a search of the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) database for homologous sequences involved in the oxidative stress response. I have not found any gene similar to nitric oxide synthase in the SUCEST database although an alternative pathway for nitric oxide synthesis was proposed. I have also found several genes involved in antioxidant defense, e.g. metal chelators, low molecular weight compounds, antioxidant enzymes and repair systems. Ascorbate (vitamin C) is a key antioxidant in plants because it reaches high concentrations in cells and is a substrate for ascorbate peroxidase, an enzyme that I found in different isoforms in the SUCEST database. I also found many enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of low molecular weight antioxidants, which may be potential targets for genetic manipulation. The engineering of plants for increased vitamin C and E production may lead to improvements in the nutritional value and stress tolerance of sugarcane. The components of the antioxidant defense system interact and their synthesis is probably closely regulated. Transcription factors involved in regulation of the oxidative stress response in bacteria, yeast and mammals differ considerably among themselves and when I used them to search the SUCEST database only genes with weak similarities were found, suggesting that these transcription regulators are not very conserved. The involvement of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in plant defense against pathogens is also discussed.
In silico differential display of defense-related expressed sequence tags from sugarcane tissues infected with diazotrophic endophytes
Authors: Lambais Marcio R.
Published: April 2005

The expression patterns of 277 sugarcane expressed sequence tags (EST)-contigs encoding putative defense-related (DR) proteins were evaluated using the Sugarcane EST database. The DR proteins evaluated included chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, chalcone synthases, chalcone isomerases, isoflavone reductases, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, proline-rich glycoproteins, peroxidases, catalases, superoxide dismutases, WRKY-like transcription factors and proteins involved in cell death control. Putative sugarcane WRKY proteins were compared and their phylogenetic relationships determined. A hierarchical clustering approach was used to identify DR ESTs with similar expression profiles in representative cDNA libraries. To identify DR ESTs differentially expressed in sugarcane tissues infected with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus or Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans, 179 putative DR EST-contigs expressed in non-infected tissues (leaves and roots) and/or infected tissues were selected and arrayed by similarity of their expression profiles. Changes in the expression levels of 124 putative DR EST-contigs, expressed in non-infected tissues, were evaluated in infected tissues. Approximately 42% of these EST-contigs showed no expression in infected tissues, whereas 15% and 3% showed more than 2-fold suppression in tissues infected with G. diazotrophicus or H. rubrisubalbicans, respectively. Approximately 14 and 8% of the DR EST-contigs evaluated showed more than 2-fold induction in tissues infected with G. diazotrophicus or H. rubrisubalbicans, respectively. The differential expression of clusters of DR genes may be important in the establishment of a compatible interaction between sugarcane and diazotrophic endophytes. It is suggested that the hierarchical clustering approach can be used on a genome-wide scale to identify genes likely involved in controlling plant-microorganism interactions.
DNA repair-related genes in sugarcane expressed sequence tags (ESTs)
Authors: Costa R.M.A. , Lima W.C. , Vogel C.I.G. , Berra C.M. , Luche D.D. , Medina-Silva R. , Galhardo R.S. , Menck C.F.M. , Oliveira V.R.
Published: April 2005

There is much interest in the identification and characterization of genes involved in DNA repair because of their importance in the maintenance of the genome integrity. The high level of conservation of DNA repair genes means that these genetic elements may be used in phylogenetic studies as a source of information on the genetic origin and evolution of species. The mechanisms by which damaged DNA is repaired are well understood in bacteria, yeast and mammals, but much remains to be learned as regards plants. We identified genes involved in DNA repair mechanisms in sugarcane using a similarity search of the Brazilian Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag (SUCEST) database against known sequences deposited in other public databases (National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS) Arabidopsis thaliana database). This search revealed that most of the various proteins involved in DNA repair in sugarcane are similar to those found in other eukaryotes. However, we also identified certain intriguing features found only in plants, probably due to the independent evolution of this kingdom. The DNA repair mechanisms investigated include photoreactivation, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination repair and DNA lesion tolerance. We report the main differences found in the DNA repair machinery in plant cells as compared to other organisms. These differences point to potentially different strategies plants employ to deal with DNA damage, that deserve further investigation.
Survey of transposable elements in sugarcane expressed sequence tags (ESTs)
Authors: Rossi Magdalena , Araujo Paula Gonçalves , Van Sluys Marie-Anne
Published: April 2005

The sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) project has produced a large number of cDNA sequences from several plant tissues submitted or not to different conditions of stress. In this paper we report the result of a search for transposable elements (TEs) revealing a surprising amount of expressed TEs homologues. Of the 260,781 sequences grouped in 81,223 fragment assembly program (Phrap) clusters, a total of 276 clones showed homology to previously reported TEs using a stringent cut-off value of e-50 or better. Homologous clones to Copia/Ty1 and Gypsy/Ty3 groups of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons were found but no non-LTR retroelements were identified. All major transposon families were represented in sugarcane including Activator (Ac), Mutator (MuDR), Suppressor-mutator (En/Spm) and Mariner. In order to compare the TE diversity in grasses genomes, we carried out a search for TEs described in sugarcane related species O.sativa, Z. mays and S. bicolor. We also present preliminary results showing the potential use of TEs insertion pattern polymorphism as molecular markers for cultivar identification.
A search for markers of sugarcane evolution
Authors: Bacci Jr. M. , Miranda V.F.O. , Martins V.G. , Figueira A.V.O. , Lemos M.V. , Pereira J.O. , Marino C.L.
Published: April 2005

To determine the phylogenetic relationship between sugarcane cultivars and other members of the Saccharinae subtribe, we identified the fast evolving ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS = internal transcribed spacer; 5.8S = 5.8S ribosomal DNA) region of the sugarcane genome in the Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag (SUCEST) genome project database. Parsimony analysis utilizing this region and homologs belonging to the 23 closely related Andropogoneae currently deposited in the GenBank database has shown sugarcane as the sister group of Saccharum sinense. However, because there are few parsimony-informative characters and high homoplasy in the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region we were not able to determine with confidence the phylogenetic relationship between sugarcane and some of the remaining members of Saccharine subtribe. To find alternatives for the phylogenetic reconstruction of sugarcane evolutionary history, we selected 17 markers (nuclear, chloroplastic or mitochondrial) from the SUCEST database of which apha-tubulin, ribosomal protein L16 (rpl16) and DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta chain (rpoC2) were found to have a low incidence of polymorphism and comparable, or even faster, rates of evolution than the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. We suggest that these markers should be considered as preferential choices for phylogenetic studies of Saccharinae subtribe.
N-glycosylation in sugarcane
Authors: Maia Ivan G. , Leite Adilson
Published: April 2005

The N-linked glycosylation of secretory and membrane proteins is the most complex posttranslational modification known to occur in eukaryotic cells. It has been shown to play critical roles in modulating protein function. Although this important biological process has been extensively studied in mammals, much less is known about this biosynthetic pathway in plants. The enzymes involved in plant N-glycan biosynthesis and processing are still not well defined and the mechanism of their genetic regulation is almost completely unknown. In this paper we describe our first attempt to understand the N-linked glycosylation mechanism in a plant species by using the data generated by the Sugarcane Expressed Sequence Tag (SUCEST) project. The SUCEST database was mined for sugarcane gene products potentially involved in the N-glycosylation pathway. This approach has led to the identification and functional assignment of 90 expressed sequence tag (EST) clusters sharing significant sequence similarity with the enzymes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis and processing. The ESTs identified were also analyzed to establish their relative abundance.
A new member of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family in sugarcane
Authors: Contessotto Miriam G.G. , Monteiro-Vitorello Claudia B. , Mariani Pilar D.S.C. , Coutinho Luiz L.
Published: April 2005

Sequences from the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) database were analyzed based on their identities to genes encoding chalcone-synthase-like enzymes. The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) chalcone-synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) protein sequence (gi|12229613) was used to search the SUCEST database for clusters of sequencing reads that were most similar to chalcone synthase. We found 121 reads with homology to sorghum chalcone synthase, which we were then able to sort into 14 clusters which themselves were divided into two groups (group 1 and group 2) based on the similarity of their deduced amino acid sequences. Clusters in group 1 were more similar to the sorghum enzyme than those in group 2, having the consensus sequence of the active site of chalcone and stilbene synthase. Analysis of gene expression (based on the number of reads from a specific library present in each group) indicated that most of the group 1 reads were from sugarcane flower and root libraries. Group 2 clusters were more similar to the amino acid sequence of an uncharacterized pathogen-induced protein (PI1, gi|9855801) from the S. bicolor expressed sequence tag (EST) database. The group 2 clusters sequences and PI1 proteins are 90% identical, having two amino acid changes at the chalcone and stilbene synthase consensi but conserving the cysteine residue at the active site. The PI1 EST has not been previously associated with chalcone synthase and has a different consensus sequence from the previously described chalcone synthase of sorghum. Most of the group 2 reads were from libraries prepared from sugarcane roots and plants infected with Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans and Gluconacetobacter diazotroficans. Our results indicate that we have identified a sugarcane chalcone synthase similar to the pathogen-induced PI1 protein found in the sorghum cDNA libraries, and it appears that both proteins represent new members of the chalcone and stilbene synthase super-family.
Identification of metalloprotease gene families in sugarcane
Authors: Ramos O.H.P. , Selistre-de-Araujo H.S.
Published: April 2005

Metalloproteases play a key role in many physiological processes in mammals such as cell migration, tissue remodeling and processing of growth factors. They have also been identified as important factors in the patho-physiology of a number of human diseases, including cancer and hypertension. Many bacterial pathogens rely on proteases in order to infect the host. Several classes of metalloproteases have been described in humans, bacteria, snake venoms and insects. However, the presence and characterization of plant metalloproteases have rarely been described in the literature. In our research, we searched the sugarcane expressed sequence tag (SUCEST) DNA library in order to identify, by homology with sequences deposited in other databases, metalloprotease gene families expressed under different conditions. Protein sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max were used to search the SUCEST data bank. Conserved regions corresponding to different metalloprotease domains and sequence motifs were identified in the reads to characterize each group of enzymes. At least four classes of sugarcane metalloproteases have been identified, i.e. matrix metalloproteases, zincins, inverzincins, and ATP-dependent metalloproteases. Each enzyme class was analyzed for its expression in different conditions and tissues.
Sugarcane phytocystatins: Identification, classification and expression pattern analysis
Authors: Reis Emerson Moreira , Margis Rogério
Published: April 2005

The cystatins are tightly binding, but reversible, inhibitors of cysteine proteinases, which constitute a superfamily of evolutionary related proteins. They have been subdivided into three families: the cystatin family which contain two disulfide bonds, the stefin family which lack disulfide bonds, and the kininogen family composed of large glycoproteins containing three repeats similar to those found in the cystatin family. Members of the cystatin superfamily occurring in plants are currently known as phytocystatins, defined as proteins lacking disulfide bonds but possessing a conserved N-terminal amino acid sequence (L-A-R-[FY]-A-[VI]-X(3)-N). We have used the protein sequence deduced from seven phytocystatins (from the Arabidopsis thaliana genome project) and from the SUgarCane EST project (SUCEST) database to identify 25 possible sugarcane phytocystatins. Phylogenetic analysis has allowed us to cluster these phytocystatins into four distinct groups: (i) those with a characteristic N-terminal consensus, (ii) those with the same consensus plus a long C-terminal extension; (iii) those that lack the consensus but contain the highly conserved QxVxG motif found in all members of the superfamily and (iv) those that lack both the consensus and the QxVxG motif.
Condições de saúde bucal e diabetes mellitus na população nipo-brasileira de Bauru-SP
Authors: Tomita Nilce Emy , Chinellato Luiz Eduardo Montenegro , Franco Laércio Joel , Iunes Magid , Freitas José Alberto de Souza , Lopes Eymar Sampaio
Published: April 2005

Este estudo transversal foi delineado para estimar a prevalência de diabetes mellitus, intolerância à glicose e condições de saúde bucal na população de origem japonesa, na faixa de 40 a 79 anos de idade, residente no município de Bauru-Brasil. Todos os indivíduos da primeira geração (isseis) e uma amostra casualizada de um terço da segunda geração (niseis) foram submetidos a entrevista domiciliar, totalizando 530 indivíduos. O exame clínico e teste oral de tolerância à glicose, e exame das condições de saúde bucal, foram realizados no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Crânio-Faciais - USP. Os dados foram processados através do programa Epi-Info, sendo que 22,9% apresentaram ocorrência de diabetes mellitus (grupo I), 15,1% tolerância à glicose diminuída (grupo II) e 61,9% foram considerados normoglicêmicos (grupo III). O percentual de indivíduos desdentados totais foi de 45,9% para a amostra e valores de 58,4%, 46,7% e 41,2% foram verificados para os grupos I, II e III, respectivamente. Entre os indivíduos edêntulos, nenhum apresentava necessidade de confecção de prótese total, em contraposição aos dados encontrados para a população brasileira em levantamento realizado pelo Ministério da Saúde (1986), cuja necessidade era da ordem de 8,3% na faixa etária de 35 a 59 anos. Pôde-se concluir que o edentulismo apresenta associação significante com a ocorrência de diabetes mellitus, porém não com a intolerância à glicose.
Capacidade seladora proporcionada por alguns materiais quando utilizados em perfurações na região de furca de molares humanos extraídos
Authors: Silva Neto Ulisses Xavier da , Moraes Ivaldo Gomes de
Published: April 2005

Avaliou-se, in vitro, a capacidade seladora, do MTA-Angelus, ProRoot-MTA, Super-EBA e MBP-c, quando utilizados para selar perfurações na região de furca de molares humanos extraídos; quando aplicados isoladamente ou em associação com uma matriz de gesso Paris, aplicada no fundo do trajeto da perfuração. O selamento produzido pelos materiais foi analisado por meio da infiltração do corante rhodamine B 0,2%. A análise estatística aplicada aos dados obtidos demonstrou que, quando utilizado isoladamente (sem matriz), o cimento MBP-c apresentou os menores índices de infiltração marginal, seguido pelo Super-EBA, apresentando diferença estatística significante (p< 0,001) entre esses e os cimentos ProRoot-MTA e MTA-Angelus. Na presença da matriz, o cimento MBP-c também foi superior, havendo diferença estatística significante (p<0,05) entre ele e os cimentos ProRoot-MTA e MTA-Angelus. A aplicação da matriz de gesso Paris influenciou negativamente a capacidade seladora dos cimentos Super-EBA e MBP-c; inclusive, com diferenciação estatística (p<0,05), contudo, ela evitou o extravasamento dos materiais seladores.
Análise comparativa entre instrumentação rotatória (GT), manual e associação de ambas no preparo de canais achatados
Authors: Gonçalves Silvana Beltrami , Brosco Viviane Haiub , Bramante Clovis Monteiro
Published: April 2005

A instrumentação do canal radicular tem sido considerada uma das fases mais importantes do tratamento endodôntico, portanto muitas técnicas e instrumentos têm sido desenvolvidos para esse fim. O propósito desse estudo foi avaliar a limpeza de canais radiculares instrumentados com três diferentes técnicas. Foram selecionados trinta incisivos inferiores, onde a abertura coronária foi realizada. Posteriormente, os canais foram preenchidos com tinta nanquim (corante), previamente acondicionada em tubetes anestésicos, sendo a mesma levada ao interior do canal radicular com auxílio de uma seringa carpule e uma agulha para anestesia. Após 48 horas, tempo esperado para que o corante secasse no canal, os dentes foram divididos em três grupos: G1 - instrumentação rotatória com GT; G2 - instrumentação manual e G3 - associação de ambas (mista). Após a instrumentação, os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente e realizada a avaliação da limpeza dos canais, através da remoção de corante nos terços cervical, médio e apical. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na limpeza do canal entre as três técnicas de instrumentação estudadas, nos três terços avaliados.
Avaliação comparativa da perda de retenção de quatro sistemas de encaixes do tipo ERA e O-Ring empregados sob overdentures em função do tempo de uso
Authors: Bonachela Wellington Cardoso , Pedreira Ana Paula Ribeiro do Vale , Marins Luciana , Pereira Tatiana
Published: April 2005

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a capacidade retentiva entre dois sistemas O-ring e O-SO (Grupo I) e dois sistemas ERA - cápsulas de retenção cinza e brancas - (Grupo II), em função simulada, com ciclos de inserção e remoção, do início, 6 meses, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 anos depois. Dois implantes do tipo Brånemark foram fixados em duas bases metálicas trapezoidais, sendo os testes de inserção e remoção feitos numa máquina de costura ajustada para este propósito, usando um sistema de correias e polias, movendo um virabrequim. Uma platina de delineador foi usada para fixação dos corpos de prova às bases metálicas na máquina de costura. Os testes de resistência ao movimento axial das cápsulas por tensão foram feitos numa máquina de ensaios universal em períodos de tempo pré-estabelecidos, antes e após o término do ciclo na máquina de costura. Baseado nos resultados, esse estudo pôde concluir que houve perda de retenção de todos os sistemas testados, porém o sistema ERA apresentou, desde o início, maior retenção quando comparado aos outros sistemas e a cápsula cinza mostrou o melhor resultado no final da simulação.
Avaliação da tenacidade à fratura de diferentes sistemas cerâmicos
Authors: Pagani Clovis , Miranda Carolina Baptista , Bottino Marco Cícero
Published: April 2005

Embora as cerâmicas possuam alta resistência à compressão, apresentam friabilidade devido à sua baixa resistência à tração e, desta forma, possuem menor capacidade de absorver impactos. Este trabalho avaliou a tenacidade à fratura de diferentes sistemas cerâmicos, que refere-se à medida da habilidade de absorção da energia de deformação de um material friável. Foram confeccionados 30 corpos-de-prova em forma de discos (5mmx3mm) utilizando-se três diferentes materiais cerâmicos, os quais foram divididos em 3 grupos: G1-10 amostras confeccionadas com a cerâmica Vitadur Alpha (Vita-Zahnfabrik); G2-10 amostras confeccionadas com a cerâmica IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar-Vivadent) e G3-10 amostras confeccionadas com a cerâmica In-Ceram Alumina (Vita-Zahnfabrik). Para a obtenção dos valores de tenacidade foi utilizada a técnica da indentação que se baseia na série de fissuras que se formam sob uma carga pesada. Foram realizadas 4 impressões por amostra, utilizado um microdurômetro (Digital Microhardness Tester FM) com uma carga de 500gf, durante 10 segundos. A análise estatística dos dados (Testes ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn), indica que a cerâmica In-Ceram Alumina apresentou valor mediano (2,96N/m3/2), estatisticamente diferente do apresentado pela IPS Empress 2 (1,05N/m3/2), enquanto que a cerâmica Vitadur Alpha apresentou valores intermediários (2,08N/m3/2), sem diferenças estatísticas dos outros dois materiais. Conclui-se que as cerâmicas apresentam diferentes desempenhos de tenacidade à fratura, sendo a In-Ceram capaz de absorver maior energia comparada a Vitadur Alpha e ao IPS Empress2.
Infiltração apical em obturações de canais realizadas após aplicação do laser Nd: YAG ou solução de EDTA nas paredes do canal radicular
Authors: Bassili Leandro de Oliveira , Moraes Ivaldo Gomes de , Zanetti Raquel Virginia
Published: April 2005

Avaliou-se a infiltração marginal apical em obturações endodônticas utilizando dois tipos de cimentos após a aplicação do laser Nd:YAG ou solução de EDTA nas paredes do canal radicular. Utilizou-se sessenta e dois dentes pré-molares inferiores humanos que tiveram seus canais radiculares instrumentados por técnica mecanizada. Em seguida, as superfícies externas radiculares foram impermeabilizadas, exceto o forame apical. As raízes foram, então, divididas em 4 grupos de 15, de acordo com o tipo de tratamento realizado nas paredes dos canais radiculares e o tipo de cimento utilizado para a obturação. Grupo I - aplicação do laser Nd:YAG e obturação com cimento AH Plus; Grupo II - aplicação do laser Nd:YAG e obturação com cimento Endofill; Grupo III - aplicação de EDTA por 5 minutos e obturação com cimento AH Plus; Grupo IV - aplicação de EDTA por 5 minutos e obturação com cimento Endofill. Dois dentes serviram como controles positivo e negativo. Em seguida, as raízes foram imersas em solução de azul-de-metileno a 2%, durante 48 horas. Após remoção da impermeabilização foi realizado o desgaste das raízes para leitura da magnitude das infiltrações, por meio de um microscópio óptico pela técnica da planimetria. Os resultados indicaram que o cimento AH Plus foi o que permitiu menor infiltração apical, assim como a aplicação do laser Nd:YAG, quando utilizado no tratamento das paredes dos canais radiculares, anteriormente à obturação.
Características da superfície e da fenda implante-intermediário em sistemas de dois e um estágios
Authors: Joly Julio Cesar , Lima Antonio Fernando Martorelli de
Published: April 2005

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar em microscopia eletrônica de varredura as características da superfície e da fenda existente entre os componentes de implantes de dois e um estágios. Foram selecionados 3 implantes de dois estágios revestidos com fosfato de cálcio cerâmico (RBM) e 3 implantes de um estágio revestidos com plasma de titânio (TPS). Nos implantes de dois estágios, os intermediários tipo esthetic-cone foram adaptados ao hexágono externo e travados com parafuso com torque definitivo de 20 N/cm. Nos implantes de um estágio foram utilizados intermediários sólidos que foram adaptados e fixados por travamento friccional com torque definitivo de 30 N/cm. Os espécimes foram montados em stubs e analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A fenda foi medida em quatro pontos com três repetições em cada implante. Os valores obtidos foram avaliados pelo teste t pareado de Student. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística significativa (P > 0,05) na extensão da fenda entre os sistemas de um e dois estágios e que os tratamentos proporcionaram diferentes características de superfície.
Avaliação do conhecimento sobre a infecção HIV de estudantes de odontologia antes e após palestra informativa
Authors: Sposto Maria Regina , Santos Sylvia Gouveia dos , Domaneschi Carina , Navarro Cláudia Maria , Onofre Mirian Aparecida
Published: April 2005

O conhecimento sobre a infecção HIV é essencial aos profissionais de odontologia para que estejam preparados quanto ao uso das medidas de controle da infecção cruzada. A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar os conhecimentos gerais e específicos dos alunos de graduação da FOAr-UNESP quanto à infecção HIV, antes e após assistirem a uma palestra informativa. Foram entregues na 1ª etapa 160 questionários e recolhidos posteriormente. Na 2ª etapa, três meses depois, foi ministrada a palestra sobre a infecção HIV com duração de 15 min e entregues 160 questionários para os mesmos alunos e recolhidos posteriormente. O índice total de acerto nos questionários preenchidos antes da palestra foi de 49% e de erro de 45,86%. Após a palestra o índice de acerto foi de 54,4% e de erro 40,76%. Concluímos que, mesmo após a palestra informativa, os estudantes apresentaram um índice de erro alto e pouca assimilação sobre o assunto, indicando que, apenas 15 minutos de palestra não foram suficientes para uma modificação significante no conhecimento dos estudantes. Assim, os alunos de graduação necessitam de um reforço nos conhecimentos sobre a infecção HIV, envolvendo atualização contínua dos aspectos informativos.
Impacto da dor na vida de portadores de disfunção temporomandibular
Authors: Oliveira Anamaria Siriani de , Bermudez Camila Colombo , Souza Rodrigo Alves de , Souza Carina Maria Freitas , Dias Elton Matias , Castro Carlos Eduardo dos Santos , Bérzin Fausto
Published: April 2005

Foi realizado um estudo do impacto da dor na vida de indivíduos portadores de disfunção da articulação temporomandibular (DTM). Foram estudados 22 pacientes (20 mulheres e dois homens, com idade média de 28 anos) portadores de DTM que procuraram atendimento fisioterapêutico especializado, submetidos a uma versão brasileira do Questionário McGill de Dor (Br-MPQ), que inclui questões específicas sobre a qualidade de vida, como: 1) prejuízo social; 2) atividades da vida diária; 3) percepção do outro; 4) tolerância à dor; 5) sensação de estar doente; 6) sensação de utilidade; 7) satisfação com a vida. Os resultados mostraram que a dor da DTM prejudicou as atividades do trabalho (59,09%), da escola (59,09%), o sono (68,18%) e o apetite/alimentação (63,64%). Os autores concluíram que a dor da DTM tem um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida do paciente e que o questionário empregado, embora não específico, permitiu avalia-lo adequadamente.
Evaluation of the total fluoride intake of 4-7-year-old children from diet and dentifrice
Authors: Pessan Juliano Pelim , Silva Salete Moura Bonifácio da , Buzalaf Marília Afonso Rabelo
Published: April 2005

This study measured the total daily fluoride (F) intake of 21 children, living in Bauru, a fluoridated community. F intake from diet (D) and dentifrice (B) was determined for 2 groups of children: A (4-5-year-old) and B (6-7-year-old). The method of 24-hour duplicate diet was used. F ingested from dentifrice was indirectly obtained, subtracting the amount expelled and the amount left on the toothbrush from the amount initially loaded onto the brush. F analysis was carried out with the ion specific electrode (Orion 9409), after hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion. The amount of F intake from D and B was divided by the child weight and total intake (T) was calculated by adding D and B. Data were analyzed by Student’s "t" (p<0.05) test and by linear regression. Results (mean ± SD, mg F/Kg body weigh) of T, D and B were, respectively: 0.056±0.040; 0.018±0.12; 0.037±0.038 for all children; 0.055±0.026; 0.021±0.014; 0.034±0.027 for Group A and 0.057±0.052; 0.016±0.010; 0.041±0.046 for Group B. There was a strong positive correlation between the amount of dentifrice used and the amount of fluoride ingested (r = 0.92, p<0.0001). One-third of the children analyzed were exposed to a F dose above 0.07 mg / Kg body weight, which is recommended as the upper limit of daily F intake. Dentifrice was the main source of F ingested by children with percentages of 57.43 ± 29.02 for all children; 56.49 ± 31.82 for group A; and 58.29 ± 27.78 for group B. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups.
A comparison of microhardness of indirect composite restorative materials
Authors: Miranda Carolina Baptista , Pagani Clóvis , Bottino Marco Cícero , Benetti Ana Raquel
Published: April 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the microhardness of four indirect composite resins. Forty cylindrical samples were prepared according to the manufacturer’s recommendations using a Teflon mold. Ten specimens were produced from each tested material, constituting four groups (n=10) as follows: G1 - Artglass; G2 - Sinfony; G3 - Solidex; G4 - Targis. Microhardness was determined by the Vickers indentation technique with a load of 300g for 10 seconds. Four indentations were made on each sample, determining the mean microhardness values for each specimen. Descriptive statistics data for the experimental conditions were: G1 - Artglass (mean ±standard deviation: 55.26 ± 1.15HVN; median: 52.6); G2 - Sinfony (31.22 ± 0.65HVN; 31.30); G3 - Solidex (52.25 ± 1.55HVN; 52.60); G4 - Targis (72.14 ± 2.82HVN; 73.30). An exploratory data analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate statistical test through: (I) Levene's for homogeneity of variances; (II) ANOVA on ranks (Kruskal-Wallis); (III) Dunn's multiple comparison test (0.05). Targis presented the highest microhardness values while Sinfony presented the lowest. Artglass and Solidex were found as intermediate materials. These results indicate that distinct mechanical properties may be observed at specific materials. The composition of each material as well as variations on polymerization methods are possibly responsibles for the difference found in microhardness. Therefore, indirect composite resin materials that guarantee both good esthetics and adequate mechanical properties may be considered as substitutes of natural teeth.
In vivo analysis of post space sealing with different adhesive materials
Authors: Bier Carlos Alexandre Souza , Figueiredo José Antônio Poli de , Della Bona Álvaro , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli , Vanni José Roberto , Bopp Simone
Published: April 2005

This in vivo study analyzed the sealing ability of two adhesives in post spaces, cyanoacrylate (Super Bonder® - Henkel Loctite Adesivos Ltda., Itapevi, SP, Brazil) and ScotchbondTM Multi-Purpose (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA), testing the hypothesis that their use would result in a decreased leakage through the remaining filling material. Forty extracted premolars (80 root canals) of dogs were used. The root canals were cleaned, shaped and filled by the lateral condensation technique using Sealer 26TM. The post space was created removing two thirds of the filling material within the root canal. The canals were randomly divided in three groups, which were treated as follows: Group A received the ScotchbondTM Multi-Purpose adhesive system; for Group B the cyanoacrylate adhesive, Super BonderTM, was employed; and no adhesive was applied into the post space for Group C (control group). A glass ionomer provisional restoration was placed allowing the sealer to set for 72 hours. Then the restoration was removed and the root canal was exposed to the oral environment for 45 days. The dogs were then killed and their jaws were removed. The post spaces were filled with India ink and the teeth were restored for 96 hours. Afterwards, the teeth were extracted and the roots were sectioned at the furcation for allocation to their specific groups. The teeth were turned transparent and the quantitative analysis of leakage was performed using light microscopy. The results showed no significant differences between groups, rejecting the initial hypothesis. Leakage occurred in a great extent in all specimens. Therefore, sealing post spaces with the adhesives used in this study was not an effective method to prevent microleakage.
Evaluation of palatal prosthesis for the treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction
Authors: Pinto João Henrique Nogueira , Pegoraro-Krook Maria Inês
Published: April 2005

Some patients presenting velopharyngeal dysfunction need treatment with a palatal prosthesis, and few researches attempt to evaluate the judgement of its efficacy. For that reason, a questionnaire was submitted to 48 patients with a palatal prosthesis, with ages from 8 to 74 (mean 31.47), from which 42 had a congenital cleft, 2 exhibited an acquired cleft and 4 presented total or partial palsy of the soft palate. Results reveled that 81.2% of these patients were able to eat while using their prostheses; 85.4% stated their speech had improved with the prostheses; 75% considered the prosthesis stable during nourishment, and 91.7% during speech; 79.2% felt comfortable using the prosthesis; and 85.4% related a general improvement in life quality with the prosthetic treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction. It was concluded that the prosthetic treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction demonstrated efficacy in improving speech, despite of the heterogeneous sample. Besides, it offered the other basic requirements of a prosthesis whenever it was needed.
Ultrastructural analysis of glands located in the wall of the congenital fistulae of the lower lip of patients with Van der Woude syndrome
Authors: Onofre Mirian Aparecida , Brosco Heli Benedito , Taga Rumio
Published: April 2005

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the glands of wall of congenital fistulae of the lower lip with the transmission electron microscope in order to characterize their microstructural pattern. Thin section of Araldite resin embedded congenital fistulae of the lower lip of four patients with Van der Woude syndrome from the Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the glands were mostly made by typical mucous acini exhibiting, with certain frequency, myoepithelial cells surrounding them. In some of lobules, a few acini smaller than the typical mucous, showed granules of moderate electron density or containing a dense core or exhibiting small dense spherule and predominance granular material. These granules resemble to described recently by others in various human minor salivary glands. We concluded that glands associated with congenital fistula of lower lip of patients with Van der Woude syndrome, in spite of being located in vermilion border of the lip, showed at the transmission electron microscope characteristics of labial minor salivary gland, i.e, are mostly mucous with a few seromucous units, while typical seromucous demilunes are not present.
Short term evaluation of interocclusal distance during speech after new removable prosthesis insertion
Authors: Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues , Oliveira Viviane Maia Barreto , Del Bel Cury Altair Antoninha
Published: April 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interocclusal distance during the pronunciation of /m/ and /s/ sounds from Portuguese Language, in partially edentulous patients before and after new partial and total prosthesis installation. The subjects were divided into two groups: Experimental group, consisting of 9 patients entirely edentate in the upper maxillary arch and classified as Kennedy Class I in the lower arch; and Control group, consisting of 9 totally dentate patients. The subjects from the first group had their worn out dentures changed and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) corrected. A magnetic method of jaw tracking was used to measure the interocclusal distance (mm) during pronunciation of those phonemes. Comparison between groups, by t test, showed significant difference (p<0.05) for /m/ sound in all periods of time: before prosthesis installation - T0 (3.38±1.23), immediately - T1 (2.15±1.06), six hours - T2 (3.41±1.33), twenty-four hours - T3 (2.92±0.92), two days - T4 (4.80±1.93), one week - T5 (3.87±1.43), two weeks - T6 (3.03±0.96), one month - T7 (3.03±0.96), two months - T8 (4.47±1.45) and three months - T9 (4.33±2.56), except for six months - T10 after prosthesis installation. For /s/ sound phoneme the results were different (p<0.05) between the groups in T1 (2.89±1.33), T2 (3.37±1.22), T3 (3.19±1.06), T4 (3.86±1.21), T5 (3.83±1.32), T6 (3.27±1.10), T7 (3.37±0.99) and T10 (3.84±1.38) after oral rehabilitation. The paired-t test, for means comparison between before and after prosthesis insertion, indicated significant differences (p<0.05) for /m/ sound only in T1, and for /s/ sound in T1, T2, T3, T6, T7 and T10. It was concluded that new prosthesis insertion, correcting the OVD, changes the interocclusal distance, and for /m/ sound this distance could be recovered after six months of prosthesis wearing.