bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Word-of-Mouth in the Service Industry
Authors: De Angelis Matteo , Florio Roberto , Amatulli Cesare
Published: July 2019

Word-of-mouth is today considered among the most effective marketing communication tools. Indeed, consumers trust more their friends or other consumers than companies, advertisements, and brands. Moreover, due to the digital revolution, the electronic word-of-mouth plays a central role in consumers' purchasing decisions. In particular, electronic word-of-mouth may be central in the context of services, where the perceived risk of the intangible offering triggers consumers' need to find preliminary support from other consumers. This chapter focuses on comments and reviews regarding tourist products and other services shared by customers on different types of online platforms. The empirical analysis sheds light on the role that key motivational drivers, such as customer satisfaction, altruism, and self-esteem, may have in affecting consumers' decision to share comments about traditional versus sharing economy businesses. Findings demonstrate that the observed motivational drivers significantly and differently affect consumers' decision to engage in electronic word-of-mouth.
An Empirical Study on the Importance of Electronic Word of Mouth in the Concierge Industry
Authors: Makrides Anna , Vrontis Demetris , Christofi Michael
Published: July 2019

The widespread access of electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) enables contemporary consumers to assess the opinions of others, irrespective of geographical boundaries, about products and services. This research examines the impact of e-WOM on building international brand awareness when the former is used as a core part of a company's overall digital marketing strategy. By applying the survey methodology, the findings provide support for this positive effect; namely, the integration of e-WOM in the overall digital marketing strategy and activities applied by an organization can enhance brand awareness beyond country borders and contribute towards the overall organizational effectiveness and success. Taken together, the study provides further insight into eWOM and cross-border brand awareness relationship and outlines several questions that deserve further study.
Security for Smart Vehicle in IOT
Authors: Sethuramalingam Deepa , Brindha N.  , Balamurugan S.
Published: July 2019

The smart city is not possible without a smart road. It can provide citizens with smart mobility. In order to overcome the complications handled by the parking system, smart parking has been developed. A model IoT-based parking system that uses a unified component called parking meter to address the issues as well as to provide smart parking management throughout the city is proposed in this chapter.
Electronic and Mobile Learning for Workforce Development
Authors: Mentor Dominic
Published: July 2019

This chapter covers the construction of a digital ecosystem grown organically to digitize a workforce development organization. A criteria matrix was developed from a listening tour to plan and adopt blended, electronic, as well as mobile learning (e&mLearning) as part of its practices. The chapter describes the organic approach to diffuse the technological innovation for cultivating supportive teaching and learning communities. The process started with the establishment and implementation of an academic vision and strategy; the building of a blended, electronic, and mobile learning criteria taxonomy; as well as a theoretically informed, technology integrated educational framework. The results and findings of the implementation of an LMS as the foundation of the e&mLearning vision is shared, followed by recommendations from successes and organizational needs.
Demistifying Ethereum Technology
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Shrivastava Gulshan , Tanwar Pramod
Published: July 2019

A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency designed to work as a medium of exchange. It uses cryptography to secure and verify transactions as well as to control the creation of new units of a particular cryptocurrency. Essentially, cryptocurrencies are limited entries in a database that no one can change unless specific conditions are fulfilled. Here, in this chapter, the authors demystify Ethereum cryptocurrency. Initially, they introduce the said topic. While explaining, they follow a layered approach and explain each layer that is contributing in transactions. Eventually, they show the challenges for Ethereum cryptocurrency.
Expert System Design for Diagnosis of Diseases for Paddy Crop
Authors: Karanam Sreekantha Desai , Deepthi M. B.
Published: July 2019

India has the second largest area of arable (agricultural) land on this earth with heterogeneous agroclimatic regions across the country. India has the potential to grow a wide range of agricultural crops and varied raw material base for food processing industry. The paddy crop yield/hector of land is highest in Egypt is 9.5, while India is producing only 2.9. India's lower paddy crop productivity/hector and higher cost of production is a major concern for farmers. There are various reasons for India's low paddy crop yield, such as lack of mechanization, not adopting to modern method of farming, small land holdings, poor pests, and disease management. The recent survey discovered that there is huge gap in demand and supply in crop production and is likely to hit more than 15% by 2020, with the gap worsening to 20-25% by 2025. Researchers aimed to address this low crop yield issue by designing an expert system. This expert system helps the farmers by identifying and predicting the diseases for paddy crop to enhance crop yield and to reduce the supply and demand gap.
Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Aswathy M. A.  , Mohan Jagannath
Published: July 2019

As per the latest health ministry registries of 2017-2018, breast cancer among women has ranked number one in India and number two in United States. Despite the fact that breast cancer affects men also, pervasiveness is lower in men than women. This is the reason breast cancer is such a vital concern among ladies. Roughly 80% of cancer malignancies emerge from epithelial cells inside breast tissues. In breast cancer spectrum, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are considered malignant cancers that need treatment and care. This chapter mainly deals with breast cancer and machine learning (ML) applications. All through this chapter, different issues related to breast cancer prognosis and early detection and diagnostic techniques using various ML algorithms are addressed.
Relative Analysis on Algorithms and Applications of Deep Learning
Authors: Senbagavalli M.  , Sathiyamoorthi V.  , Vijayakumar D. Sudaroli
Published: July 2019

Deep learning is an artificial intelligence function that reproduces the mechanisms of the human mind in processing records and evolving shapes to be used in selection construction. The main objective of this chapter is to provide a complete examination of deep learning algorithms and its applications in various fields. Deep learning has detonated in the public alertness, primarily as inspective and analytical products fill our world, in the form of numerous human-centered smart-world systems, with besieged advertisements, natural language supporters and interpreters, and prototype self-driving vehicle systems. Therefore, it provides a broad orientation for those seeking a primer on deep learning algorithms and its various applications, platforms, and uses in a variety of smart-world systems. Also, this survey delivers a precious orientation for new deep learning practitioners, as well as those seeking to innovate in the application of deep learning.
Research Findings From the American Muslim Women's Health Project (MWHP)
Authors: Palomares Aarin , Hearld Kristine Ria , Budhwani Henna
Published: July 2019

Understanding the health of American Muslims remains a neglected topic in public health research with even fewer empirical studies conducted with American Muslim women. To address persistent knowledge gaps related to the health behaviors and health outcomes of this population, in 2015, the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Public Health (SOPH) funded the Muslim Women's Health Project (MWHP) through its Back of the Envelope (BOTE) mechanism. The purpose of the MWHP was to collect exploratory, self-reported data on health indicators, beliefs, behaviors, and experiences from American Muslim women through online social networks. In this chapter, the authors summarize published findings from the MWHP that may serve as case studies to inform further discussions among health practitioners and public health researchers who seek to improve population health through healthcare delivery and equity research.
Domestic and Family Violence and Associated Correlates Among Muslims in Australia
Authors: Ibrahim Nada
Published: July 2019

Domestic and family violence (DFV) is a significant social problem that is found in all societies, cultures, and socio-economic backgrounds. Australian-Muslims are under-researched on DFV issues. This chapter explores the correlates associated with DFV using focus group data with various community-leaders living in South-East Queensland. Findings illustrate some unique characteristics of DFV relevant to Australian-Muslims that distinguish them from mainstream Australians such as misusing religious text and scriptures, contribution of culture, burden of men's financial responsibility vs women's work-choices, clash of cultures when living in Australia, loss of extended family support and social support networks, in-law contribution to abuse, and foreign spouses lack of awareness of the law. Findings are important for the design of effective strategies that challenge core assumptions towards DFV which promote and justify DFV. It highlights the importance of working within the cultural and religious framework in preventing DFV for cultural groups.
Religious Coping Among Muslims With Mental and Medical Health Concerns
Authors: Saritoprak Seyma N. , Exline Julie J.
Published: July 2019

Studies suggest that a lack of understanding and sensitivity around religious issues by healthcare professionals may be a noteworthy barrier for Muslims seeking treatment. One way to help bridge the gap between Muslims' healthcare needs and healthcare utilization rates may be through fostering awareness and sensitivity about the influence of Islam on how Muslims cope with their illness experience. Using a biopsychosocial-spiritual theoretical framework, a main aim of this chapter is to consider a variety of ways that Muslims use religion to cope with physical and mental health challenges. Religious coping can take a variety of forms: Positive religious coping involves making use of Islam in beneficial manners. Negative religious coping, referred to here as r/s struggles, often involves tension or conflict regarding matters of religion. Understanding the role that religion/spirituality can play in how Muslims cope with their physical or mental illness may help to foster higher quality, more culturally sensitive care. Recommendations and limitations are discussed.
Ethical and Moral Dilemmas in Psychotherapy
Authors: Dasti Rabia , Farhan Rabia , Naqvi Tehreem Fatima , Sitwat Aisha , Bokharey Iram Zehra
Published: July 2019

The chapter highlights the importance of ethics and ethical codes in the light of the existing literature. It explains the various ethical dilemmas that can arise in the context of therapy. Moreover, it specifically explains the various ethical dilemmas experienced by Muslim psychologists with case examples to strengthen the argument. The worldview of the Muslim therapist is emphasized and the religious sensitivity in the outlook explained. The importance of professionals to safeguard their religious identity and also uphold the ethical precepts of the profession are discussed. The chapter also addresses difficulties and challenges faced by non-Muslim therapists while dealing with Muslim clients. The concept of cultural competence perspective is further highlighted stressing on the continuous self-reflection and educating oneself. The chapter concludes by stressing on the importance of incorporating knowledge of both religion and psychology for furthering the scope and vision of therapy.
The HPT Model Applied to a University Technology and Learning Center's Resource Allocation
Authors: Mattookkaran Sreeja Sreenivasan , Mestre Terri , Shortt Barbara , Martin Florence
Published: July 2019

The International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI) Human Performance Technology model was used as a guideline for this case study and applied to assess and evaluate the resource allocation at the Technology and Learning Center (TLC). This model has proven to be a useful guideline as a process to be followed during the project. A team of instructional systems technology graduate students served in a consulting role on this project to help the TLC allocate resources and redesign processes on how support tickets were handled. The project team conducted performance analysis through extensive stakeholder interviews and extant data review to perform organizational, environmental, gap and cause analysis. Through these analyses, performance issues were isolated, the causes behind them were identified and concluded with the recommendation of interventions to the client.
Journey to Project Management Program Design
Authors: Burns Nancy Crain , Ziegler Gabriela
Published: July 2019

Approaching a project can be considered a journey of discovery. Each person involved has a different background and comes to the table with a diverse perspective. The authors use the analogy of a journey throughout the context of the case study. Providing quality education for university students often includes a journey toward the best approach. This journey entails outlining the appropriate curriculum, finding the appropriate content, establishing dynamic learning objectives and aligning the course with student needs and learning styles. After these criteria are met, the university seeks and selects the most qualitied faculty members to teach the course(s). When specialized credentialing requirements are involved, the University must take further steps to ensure that each course meets the standards of the certifying body. The context of this journey and enhancement of Davenport University's Global Project Management Program will include three parts. Part I will review recognition that course updates were necessary to meet changes in the latest revision of the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide 6th ED, 2017). The university faculty, staff and a consultant with project management credentials developed a consistent process for making updates and ensuring that changes were made to meet requirements. Throughout the consulting phase, principles of Human Performance Improvement/Technology were followed to develop this process. Part II will exhibit a case study that illustrates successful student certification pursuit after completing the capstone course in the program. Part III will review future opportunities for application of performance improvement principles to other projects.
Improving Performance, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
Authors: Lowell Victoria Lynn , Hanshaw George Orren
Published: July 2019

Suzy Whitman, an experienced instructional designer and program manager, was hired to coordinate a new online graduate program at a large university. It was Suzy's responsibility to identify and implement solutions to the rapidly growing program's needs. Identifying problems, evaluating the need, thinking through a modification and implementation process, and considering the potential impact of change, are all important steps. In this case study, Suzy needed to identify the problems, determine a solution, and then implement that solution. After speaking with her new supervisor, Suzy determined additional instructors needed to be hired to meet the growing program's needs. Although Suzy did briefly analyze the situation and provide a potential solution, the solution Suzy implemented needed further development to ensure it was implemented in an effective manner.
Training as the Beginning of a Deeper Conversation
Authors: Strycker Jesse
Published: July 2019

A substantial renovation to a historic college and building resulted in a state-of-the-art building, full of new technologies and possibilities for new kinds of technology-enhanced teaching. Technology malfunctions slowed adoption and exploration of these possibilities, but limited communication and training accompanied by institutionally-mandated scheduling system stagnated adoption and innovation further. This case explores these issues and how an unconventional training series has started a deeper conversation about these issues and promoted more pedagogical experimentation.
Creating Unlimited Business Opportunities for an Insurance Sales Force Through Design Thinking
Authors: Man Inno , Chung David
Published: July 2019

New insurance agents approach their pool of close friends and family members because these people have a high level of trust in them and therefore their rate of closing should be higher. As the size of their client pools is a critical survival factor and trust cannot be built rapidly, one major reason that agents quit their jobs is that they deplete their pools. For resolving that industrial deadlock, the company developed a social sales model through design thinking to help insurance agents build trust among their prospective customers. After implementing a pilot project in Hong Kong in 2018, the agents enhanced their abilities of social influencing, lead generation, and deal closing. Following the successful pilot project, the company continues to transform its business and leverage its social sales advantage in Asia.
“But I Know How to Google”
Authors: Hostetler Kirsten , Pinckney-Lewis Kim
Published: July 2019

An up-front analysis is crucial to ensuring a need is learning-related and the resulting intervention actually meets that need for learners. The current case study explores how two instructional designers adopted a systems approach for their performance analysis, with a major focus on learner analysis as a means to understand the underpinnings of the social system within the client organization, which more clearly revealed potential motivations of the learners. As a result, the two designers delivered an eLearning module that 1) combats an actual gap in knowledge and skill, 2) is relevant to the intended audience, and 3) is compatible with the organizational culture and infrastructure.
Evolution of Distance Learning in History
Authors: Khadimally Seda
Published: July 2019

In the conundrum of what type of learning and teaching environments have a better impact on student learning and academic achievement or whether or not traditional learning and teaching setting surpass the emerging computer technology-rich education in today's digital era, scholars in the field of educational technology rather turn to history, focusing on what, how, and who as perceived change factors that tend to lead to long-lasting educational changes. With the emergence of the millennials, much of research conducted today ties to the importance of learning and teaching activities designed and delivered with appropriate media as vehicles for reaching positive learning outcomes. Current instructional practices are often tailored towards the specific learning needs of students that are diverse in many aspects (e.g., culturally, linguistically, technologically, etc.). Compared to learners back in the 1800s, it is undoubtable that today's local and distant learners need and prefer more different, progressive media tools for effective learning due to the exponentially changing demographics and social contexts, rapid growth in science, advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs), developing global economies, revision of educational policies, reassessment of media and technology tools, in addition to various instructional design principles and theories related to them, changing politics, and other subcomponents within this macro-system, all of which Moore and Kearsley view with a systems approach.
Development of a Middle School Online Science Curriculum
Authors: Terrazas-Arellanes Fatima E. , Strycker Lisa A. , Walden Emily D. , Knox Carolyn
Published: July 2019

Design-based research methodology was used to guide a line of research to develop, implement, revise, and evaluate the ESCOLAR online science curriculum for middle school students, including general education students, English language learners (ELs) primarily of Hispanic origin, and students with high-incidence learning disabilities (LD). The iterative research approach was carried out in three stages with multiple steps per stage: (1) Stage 1, or informed exploration, identified and described the problem under investigation; (2) Stage 2, or enactment, redesigned previously developed online science units, implemented each unit in case studies, and completed a feasibility evaluation; and (3) Stage 3, or evaluation of local impact, documented the efficacy of the science curriculum with a randomized controlled trial. The present chapter focuses on the second and third stages, demonstrating the process by which the ESCOLAR curriculum was repeatedly refined with input from stakeholders, and then examined for feasibility of implementation, usefulness in helping teachers engage with students, and efficacy in deepening student science knowledge. Data were drawn from multiple sources, including teacher logs, student and teacher surveys, web analytics, student notebooks, content assessments, and focus groups. Results indicate that the ESCOLAR curriculum was feasible to implement, useful, and effective, and may now be adopted as an evidence-based intervention to enhance science learning among diverse students. The data-driven, design-based research methodology proved to be a practical framework, and underscored the critical importance of considering all stakeholders in the process of curriculum design, refinement, and evaluation. This chapter offers a model for the development of constructivist science instructional materials for ELs and students with LD using online, multimedia technology.
In the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Brosens Jacques , Adebesin Funmi , Kruger Rendani
Published: July 2019

As the use of information and communication technology (ICT) solutions become more embedded in our everyday lives, ICT graduates are required to design and develop solutions that are not only easy to use, but evoke overall positive user experiences. The incorporation of human-computer interaction (HCI) principles, such as user-centered design (UCD), usability, and user experience (UX) into the design of ICT solutions can positively influence the success of deployed solutions. However, developers of ICT solutions, especially those from developing countries, have been slow to apply these principles in their development practices. Some of the reasons for this slow pace include lack of experienced practitioners due to limited number of universities offering HCI courses, especially in African countries, lack of consensus on the measures of UCD effectiveness, and little appreciation of the benefits of incorporating these design principles into development processes. This challenge is compounded by ineffective teaching strategies, in situations where HCI courses are taught. The application of an experiential learning strategy can go a long way in addressing the gap between the concepts of HCI, UX, and UCD that is taught in the classroom and their application by ICT graduates in the work environment. In this chapter, the authors describe how they incorporate eye tracking technology in an HCI course that forms part of a postgraduate informatics degree. The focus is on an eye tracking assignment that involves student groups performing usability evaluation studies for real-world clients. They posit that eye tracking is a powerful technology to convince students of the importance of user centered design. They conducted a survey amongst HCI students and analyzed student course evaluation results over a period of 3 years. The findings confirm that students regard the eye tracking assignment as a mind-altering experience and that it is potentially an effective technology for convincing future ICT professionals of the importance of usability, UX, and UCD.
Lipids Extraction from Wet and Unbroken Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Using Subcritical Water
Authors: Zullaikah Siti , Jessinia Maria Christy P. , Rinaldi  , Yasmin Medina , Rachimoellah M. , Wu Da Wei
Published: July 2019

Lipids extraction from wet and unbroken microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) using subcritical water with aid of co-solvents has been investigated. Lipids extraction from wet and unbroken microalgae has a crucial role in order to eliminate dewatering and drying steps. Subcritical water is able to extract lipids from feedstock with high water content. This work was conducted to study several factors affecting in subcritical water extraction (SWE) from wet and unbroken microalgae. In this study, effect of co-solvent types (without co-solvent, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) under subcritical water (microalgae = 5g (dry weight), moisture content= 94.12%, T= 160°C, P = 80 bar, t= 30 min), extraction time (15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h), and temperature (160o C, 180o C and 200o C) on yield of lipids were investigated orderly. Yield of lipids obtained without co-solvent (water polarity index = 10.2) and with co-solvents of methanol (PI=5.1), ethanol (PI=5.2), chloroform (PI=4.1), ethyl acetate (PI=4.4), and n-hexane (PI=0.1) were 38.73%, 26.47%, 26.12%, 51.93%, 53.40%, and 25.59%, respectively compared to the yield of lipids extracted using Bligh and Dyer method. Ethyl acetate is solvent with moderate PI, therefore can extract more lipids that is also have moderate polarity. Ethyl acetate shows a good performance to extract lipids from wet and unbroken microalgae because ethyl acetate can extract broader range of lipids including neutral and polar lipids. This study also found that increasing of extraction time and temperature to extract lipids in subcritical water condition can increase yield of lipids.
Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application
Authors: Wicaksono Sigit Tri , Ardhyananta Hosta , Rasyida Amaliya , Fadila Rifki Feisha
Published: July 2019

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.
Effect of Nanocellulose on Acoustical and Thermal Insulation Properties of Silicone Rubber Composite
Authors: Farid Mohammad , Purniawan Agung , Susanti Diah , Rasyida Amaliya , Yulianto Henry , Ramadani Mavindra
Published: July 2019

Nanocellulose composites are very potential to be applied as automotive component materials.The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of nanocellulose fraction of the silicon rubber composite material to morphology, sound absorption coefficient, density, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity. The nanocellulose of the composites were isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch, while the matrix was silicone rubber. Tests conducted in this research included sound absorption coefficient, SEM, TGA, density, and thermal conductivity. Sound absorption coefficient had a value between 0,33 to 0.42 for a frequency of 500 Hz to 4000 Hz. This sound absorption coefficient had a wide band sound absorption tendency and was developed for sound absorption material of mufflers.
Effect of rGO Addition Toward Photocatalyst Properties of ZnO/rGO/TiO2 for Rhodamine B Degradation
Authors: Nurdiansah Haniffudin , Susanti Diah , Firlyana Rena Eka , Purwaningsih Hariyati
Published: July 2019

The growth of the textile industry in Indonesia has resulted in increased textile dye waste production. Rhodamine B is one of the dyes that are often used in the textile industry. The use of these dyes will cause serious environmental and biological problems, even able to induce irritation of the skin and eyes. Thus, it is necessary to filter dyes from the textile industry waste in Indonesia. Some conventional methods for removing Rhodamine B are carried out by biochemical and physical-chemical methods, such as liquid membranes, ozonation and adsorption, but this method requires expensive and not very effective costs. One alternative method that can be applied in Indonesia is photocatalysts. Photocatalytics are processes where light and catalyst are simultaneously used to accelerate chemical reactions. In this study, the photocatalyst used was semiconductor material ZnO and TiO2 with the addition of rGO. rGO synthesis was carried out using the Hummer method, for the synthesis of ZnO using Zinc powder as a precursor, and the synthesis of TiO2 using precursor of TiCl3. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of adding 5%, 10%, and 15% rGO to the photocatalytic properties of ZnO / rGO / TiO2 composites for degradation of Rhodamine B. The characterization process carried out in this study included XRD, SEM & EDX, FTIR, and photocatalytic testing. Photocatalyst materials ZnO / rGO / TiO2 with variations in the amount of rGO were synthesized as evidenced by XRD testing, where there was a peak for all three component, SEM, shows the morphology of Zn in the form of hexagonal nano rod, rGO in the form of transparent sheets and TiO2 in the form of agglomerated balls. From FTIR testing, rGO and TiO2 functional groups were seen. The highest efficiency for degradation of Rhodamine-B was obtained for the addition of 15% rGO with a 5-hour irradiation time, ie its efficiency reached 96.92% in degradation of Rhodamine B.
Analysis of Cylindrical Briquette Dimension on Total Iron Content and the Degree of Metallization in Direct Reduction Process of Iron Ore and Iron Sand Mixture
Authors: Abdul Fakhreza , Pintowantoro Sungging , Hidayatullah Alief Bram
Published: July 2019

Indonesia has abundant resources or raw materials, especially the iron sand raw materials. But, the iron sand processing in Indonesia is still low. Even though, the steel demand in Indonesia is still high. So, the iron sand processing product as raw materials in steelmaking is the solution of it. In this research, the study was conducted by using the variation of briquette dimension of mixture of iron sand and iron ore in Direct Reduction process. The aim of this research is to study the effect of briquette dimension on Fe content and degree of metallization of the Direct Reduced Iron (DRI). First, the iron sand and iron ore were crushed and shieved until pass the 50 mesh standar size. Then, iron sand and iron ore were mixed and briquetted based on the variation of dimension. There are three variations of briquette dimension. Then, the briquettes was reduced at 1250°C for 12 hours. The reduced briquettes then were analyzed using XRD, XRF and degree metallization calculation. The result showed that the dimension of briquette affect the Fe content and the degree metallization of DRI. The dimension of briquette will affect the reductor gas flow in the crucible, so the rate and direction of reduction process of iron oxide will be affected too. The best briquette is Briquette B (7.9 cm for inside diameter, 15.1 cm for outer diameter and 19.5 cm for the height), with 75.02% for Fe total content and 66.52% for degree of metallization. This was due to The briquette B has the most evenly diffused dimension either vertically and horizontally.
The MnO2/Zeolite NaY Catalyzed Oxidation of CO Emission in Catalytic Converter System
Authors: Endang Purwanti Setyaningsih , Rahadian Abdul Rachman , Ulva Tri Ita Martia , Alvin Rahmad Widyanto , Rendy Muhammad Iqbal , Nurul Widiastuti
Published: July 2019

CO emission is one of biggest problem in environmental sector due to increasing number of motorcycle user in every years. CO is poison gas which directly affects on the public health and earth’s atmosphere. The aim of this research to developed catalyst in catalytic converter system to oxidize CO to CO2 by using MnO2/zeolite NaY. Zeolite NaY was synthesized by using hydrothermal method following by wet impregnation to form MnO2/zeolite NaY, then the composite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, N2 physisorption, and catalytic activity oxidation of CO was carried out using 4 tag motorcycle. The XRD result represent zeolite NaY synthetic has similar diffraction peak with zeolite NaY (JCPDS 39-1380), then infrared spectrum exhibit T-O-T at fingerprint area which exhibit vibration of zeolite NaY. Octahedral crystal was successfully observe by using SEM which represent zeolite NaY crystal similar with previous study. N2 physisorp shows that the composite has type IV of isotherm which exhibit the micropore and mesopore was form into material. Then, MnO2/zeolite NaY has good thermal stability as well as catalytic activity for CO oxidation, where the longer reaction time successfully to reduce the concentration of CO. Conversely, CO2 concentration dramatically increase as function of reaction time.
Effect of High Loading Glycine on Fe2O3 Nano Oval as Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Noerochim Lukman , Reza Agny Muchamad , Agung Budi
Published: July 2019

In this work, Fe2O3 nanooval is successfully synthesized with variation of glycine composition of 9, 12, and 15 mmol at hydrothermal temperature of 160 °C. The Fe2O3 nanooval is indexed by XRD as α-Fe2O3. SEM and TEM images show that the 12 mmol of glycine has the largest diameter with the perfect nanooval form. Nyquist plot shows that the 12 mmol of glycine sample has the best conductivity value of 8.26x10-5 S/m. The CV of sample 12 mmol delivers the best intercalate/de-intercalate with ΔV of 0.82 V. The 12 mmol sample shows the largest specific discharge capacity of 631.62 mAh/g. It is attributed to high conductivity and high kinetics reaction of Li ion during charge-discharge process. Therefore, Fe2O3 nanooval is a promising candidate as anode for lithium-ion battery.
Adsorption Performance of Li1.6Mn1.67O4 for Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Fluid of Lumpur Sidoarjo
Authors: Noerochim Lukman , Widjaja Hadi , Fajarin Rindang
Published: July 2019

In this work, Li1.6Mn1.67O4 is successfully prepared by solid state reaction method and firstly prepared as adsorbent for geothermal fluid of Lumpur Sidoarjo. XRD shows the all samples are indexed as Li1.6Mn1.67O4 with spinel structure. The further increase of calcination temperature, diffraction peaks of Li1.6Mn1.67O4 are growing strong and sharp, implying an improved crystallinity and an increased grain size. SEM images of LMO adsorbent show irregular shape with particles size in the range of 15-52 μm. Li1.6Mn1.67O4 at 700 oC has the highest capacity of lithium adsorption with capacity of 29.8 mg/g. It is attributed to the high crystalline of Li1.6Mn1.67O4 at 700 oC compared with other samples. In addition, the higher calcining temperature will result in the increasing grain size and crystallinity that enhance the adsorption performance of the Li1.6Mn1.67O4 adsorbent.
Finite Element Simulation of Delamination in Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Laminate Using Cohesive Zone Model: Effect of Meshing Variation
Authors: Waas Victor D. , Hidayat Mas Irfan P. , Noerochim Lukman
Published: July 2019

Delamination or interlaminar fracture often occurs in composite laminate due to several factors such as high interlaminar stress, stress concentration, impact stress as well as imperfections in manufacturing processes. In this study, finite element (FE) simulation of mode I delamination in double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen of carbon fiber/epoxy laminate HTA/6376C is investigated using cohesive zone model (CZM). 3D geometry of DCB specimen is developed in ANSYS Mechanical software and 8-node interface elements with bi-linear formulation are employed to connect the upper and lower parts of DCB. Effect of variation of number of elements on the laminate critical force is particularly examined. The mesh variation includes coarse, fine, and finest mesh. Simulation results show that the finest mesh needs to be employed to produce an accurate assessment of laminate critical force, which is compared with the one obtained from exact solution. This study hence addresses suitable number of elements as a reference to be used for 3D simulation of delamination progress in the composite laminate, which is less explored in existing studies of delamination of composites so far.
Prediction of the Density & Thermal Conductivity of Light Bricks on the Effect of Aluminium Elements Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Zulkifli  , Panji Gede
Published: July 2019

Indonesia with abundant limestone raw materials, lightweight brick is the most important component in building construction, so it needs a light brick product that qualifies in thermal, mechanical and acoustic properties. In this paper raised the lightweight brick domains that qualify on the properties of thermal conductivity as building wall components.The advantage of low light density brick (500-650 kg/m3), more economical, suitable for high rise building can reduce the weight of 30-40% in compared to conventional brick (clay brick). To obtain AAC type lightweight brick product that qualifies for low thermal and density properties to the effect of Aluminum (Al) additive element variation using artificial neural network (ANN). The composition of the main elements of lightweight brick O (29-45 % wt), Si (25-35% wt) and Ca (20-40 % wt). Mixing ratio of the main element of light brick (Ca, O and Si) with Aluminum additive element (Al), is done by simulation method of artificial neural network (ANN), Al additive element as a porosity regulator is formed. The simulation of thermal conductivity to the influence of main element variation: Ca (22-32 % wt), Si (12-33 % wt). Simulation of thermal conductivity to effect of additive Al variation (1-7 % wt). Simulation of thermal conductivity to density variation (500-1200 kg/m3). The simulated results of four AAC brick samples showed the thermal conductivity (0.145-0.192 W/m.K) to the influence of qualified Aluminum additives (2.10-6.75 % wt). Additive Al the higher the lower density value (higher porosity) additive Al smaller than 2.10 % wt does not meet the requirements in the simulation.Thermal conductivity of AAC light brick sample (0.184 W/m.K) the influence of the main elements that qualify Ca (20.32-30.35 % wt) and Si (26.57 % wt). Simulation of artificial neural network (ANN) of light brick shows that maximum allowable Si content of 26.57 % wt, Ca content is in the range 20.32-30.35 % wt, and the minimum content of aluminum in brick is light at 2.10 % wt. ANN tests performed to predict the thermal conductivity of light brick samples obtained results of the average AAC light brick thermal conductivity of 0.151 W/m.K. The best performance with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) characteristics has a validation MSE of 0.002252.
Porous Silica Nanomaterial Derived from Organic Waste Rice Husk as Highly Potential Drug Delivery Material
Authors: Purwaningsih Hariyati , Raharjo Slamet , Pratiwi Vania Mitha , Susanti Diah , Purniawan Agung
Published: July 2019

Rice became the main product of agriculture in agrarian countries including Indonesia. Rice husk is a waste of rice as one of the largest silica producers. Silica from rice husks can be used as a source of silica in the manufacture of sodium silicate as an alternative to the formation of mesoporous silica at a low price. In this research, the characterization of mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) MCM-41 from rice husk (rice husk) with sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal treatment. Silica extraction was performed by titrating sodium silica using HCl method until the gel was formed. The mesoporous synthesis was performed with the addition of CTAB. The titration is then carried out using a solution of acetic acid. XRD shows silica with an amorphous structure. The FTIR results show that extraction silica and MSN MCM-41 contain pure silica displayed with Si-O-Si functional groups in the sample. The SEM results show MSN MCM-41 images such as a coral-like structure of agglomerated silica and the higher temperature hydrothermal treatment then it would be the more large size of particles. The material has a hexagonal pore structure such as a honeycomb as characteristic of MCM-41 with a pore size of 2.535 nm which includes mesoporous material. The result of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms shows lower hydrothermal temperature will increase the specific surface area and decrease average pore size, where the best result with surface area value is 825.365 m2/gr and average pore size is 6.10426 nm obtained from process hydrothermal at 85°C.
Ancient Use of Ig Variable Domains Contributes Significantly to the TCRδ Repertoire
Authors: Deiss Thaddeus C. , Breaux Breanna , Ott Jeannine A. , Daniel Rebecca A. , Chen Patricia L. , Castro Caitlin D. , Ohta Yuko , Flajnik Martin F. , Criscitiello Michael F.
Published: July 2019

The loci encoding B and T cell Ag receptors are generally distinct in commonly studied mammals, with each receptor’s gene segments limited to intralocus, cis chromosomal rearrangements. The nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) represents the oldest vertebrate class, the cartilaginous fish, with adaptive immunity provided via Ig and TCR lineages, and is one species among a growing number of taxa employing Ig-TCRδ rearrangements that blend these distinct lineages. Analysis of the nurse shark Ig-TCRδ repertoire found that these rearrangements possess CDR3 characteristics highly similar to canonical TCRδ rearrangements. Furthermore, the Ig-TCRδ rearrangements are expressed with TCRγ, canonically found in the TCRδ heterodimer. We also quantified BCR and TCR transcripts in the thymus for BCR (IgHV-IgHC), chimeric (IgHV-TCRδC), and canonical (TCRδV-TCRδC) transcripts, finding equivalent expression levels in both thymus and spleen. We also characterized the nurse shark TCRαδ locus with a targeted bacterial artifical chromosome sequencing approach and found that the TCRδ locus houses a complex of V segments from multiple lineages. An IgH-like V segment, nestled within the nurse shark TCRδ translocus, grouped with IgHV-like rearrangements we found expressed with TCRδ (but not IgH) rearrangements in our phylogenetic analysis. This distinct lineage of TCRδ-associated IgH-like V segments was termed “TAILVs.” Our data illustrate a dynamic TCRδ repertoire employing TCRδVs, NARTCRVs, bona fide trans-rearrangements from shark IgH clusters, and a novel lineage in the TCRδ-associated Ig-like V segments.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Neorautanenia (Fabaceae–Phaseoleae)
Authors: Tibini Siyabonga , Manyelo Tlou S. , Moteetee Annah
Published: July 2019

Background: Neorautanenia is a small genus in the subtribe Glycininae within the tribe Phaseoleae in the family Fabaceae. It is distributed in southern and Tropical Africa. Historically, the genus is known to consist of three species, namely, N. brachypus, N. ficifolia and N. mitis; morphological data suggest that these should be reduced to two.Objectives: The aim of this article is to formally sink N. brachypus into the synonymy of N. mitis and to provide the correct typification, diagnostic features, diagnostic key, distribution maps, as well as illustrations of the morphological features of the two species.Methods: Observations were made on herbarium specimens housed at PRE. Morphological features were studied and measurements of characters recorded.Results: Neorautanenia mitis is extremely variable morphologically, so that several authors recognised many different variants, some of these as distinct species, including N. brachypus. Examination of numerous specimens, however, indicates that these are merely morphological and/or geographical variants of N. mitis. This observation prompted Verdcourt to place this taxon as a synonym of N. mitis; however, he reversed that decision 30 years later. It has become necessary to revert to the original decision.Conclusions: Neorautanenia brachypus is formally reduced to a synonymy of N. mitis and as a result the genus comprises only two species.
The experiences of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in inclusive schools in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Okyere Christiana , Aldersey Heather M. , Lysaght Rosemary
Published: July 2019

Background: Inclusive education is internationally recognised as the best strategy for providing equitable quality education to all children. However, because of the unique challenges they often present, children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are often excluded from inclusive schools. To date, limited research on inclusion has been conducted involving children with IDD as active participants.Objectives: The study sought to understand the experiences of children with IDDs in learning in inclusive schools in Accra, Ghana.Method: A qualitative descriptive design was utilised with 16 children with IDDs enrolled in inclusive schools in Accra, Ghana. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and data were collected using classroom observations, the draw-and-write technique and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed to identify themes as they emerged.Results: Children’s experiences in inclusive schools were identified along three major themes: (1) individual characteristics, (2) immediate environments and (3) interactional patterns. Insights from children’s experiences reveal that they faced challenges including corporal punishment for slow performance, victimisation and low family support relating to their learning.Conclusion: Although children with IDDs receive peer support in inclusion, they experience diverse challenges including peer victimisation, corporal punishment and low family and teacher support in their learning. Improvement in inclusive best practices for children with IDD requires systematic efforts by diverse stakeholders to address identified challenges.
Switzerland
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: July 2019

Financial Sector Assessment Program; Technical Note-Selected Issues on Banking Supervision
Benin
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: July 2019

Selected Issues