bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of selenium deficiency on the development of thyroid disorders - a literature review
Authors: Chmura Anna , Baciur Patrycja , Skowrońska Katarzyna , Białas Filip , Kamil Pondel
Published: September 2022

Introduction and purpose: Selenium is essential for the proper course of many physiological and biochemical processes in the human body. It plays a large role in ensuring proper immunoendocrine function. The organ with the greatest amount of selenium per gram of tissue is the thyroid gland. This element builds enzymes involved in antioxidant processes - peroxidase, as well as deiodinases involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. There are scientific reports showing a beneficial effect of selenium supplementation in autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between selenium deficiency and the development of thyroid dysfunction.
Description of the state of knowledge: There is a correlation between selenium deficiency and the functioning of the thyroid gland. It has been shown that selenium levels are often lowered in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Research shows that selenium supplementation may lower TPOAb and TgAb antibody levels in patients with Hashimoto's disease. In patients with Graves' orbitopathy, administration of selenium resulted in delayed progression of orbitopathy and less disease severity. There are reports that supplementation with this element may also increase the effectiveness of antithyroid drugs in patients with Graves-Basedow disease. There was also an association between selenium deficiency and the development of goiter and thyroid nodules.
Conclusions: Selenium plays an important role in the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. Although the specific role of selenium in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease is still under investigation, there are numerous reports saying that its deficiency may affect it. More research is needed on the relationship between selenium concentration and the regulation of thyroid function, because introducing it into the treatment regimen of thyroid disorders may give hope for better therapeutic effects.
Hannah Arendt: vida y mundo de Rosa Luxemburgo y Sócrates.
Authors: González Suárez Amalia
Published: September 2022

El artículo se acerca a la pensadora Hannah Arendt a través de dos figuras presentes en su vida y en su obra: Rosa Luxemburgo y Sócrates. La infancia y adolescencia de Arendt transcurren en un ambiente de implicación política cuyo eje central era la admiración por la figura de Rosa Luxemburgo. Martha Arendt, madre de Hannah, fue la primera fuente de transmisión de los ideales de Rosa Luxemburgo a su hija, y dentro de estos ideales la libertad ocupaba un lugar central. Sócrates, por su parte, constituye para la autora el paradigma de la persona que piensa, que dialoga tanto consigo mismo como con los otros.
(Nie)nawidzenia, czyli jak uchwycić układ nienawiści
Authors: Skibińska Agnieszka
Published: September 2022

No abstract is avaliable for this article.
Case—Junko’s Giant Print Shop Job Assignment Problem
Authors: Gorman Michael Francis
Published: September 2022

History: This paper has been accepted for the INFORMS Transactions on Education Special Section on Cases Based on Real-World Projects from the INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics.
High-Order Steady-State Diffusion Approximations
Authors: Braverman Anton , Dai J. G. , Fang Xiao
Published: September 2022

Much like higher-order Taylor expansions allow one to approximate functions to a higher degree of accuracy, we demonstrate that, by accounting for higher-order terms in the Taylor expansion of a Markov process generator, one can derive novel diffusion approximations that achieve a higher degree of accuracy compared with the classical ones used in the literature over the last 50 years.
Broken Effects? How to Reduce False Positives in Panel Regressions
Authors: Li Xina , Wibbens Phebo D.
Published: September 2022

Many published papers in the management field have used statistical methods that, according to the latest insights in econometrics, can lead to elevated rates of false positives: results that appear “significant,” whereas they are not. The question is how problematic these less robust econometric analyses are in practice for management research. This paper presents simulations and an empirical replication to investigate two widespread but now largely discredited practices in panel data analysis: nonclustered standard errors and random effects (RE). The simulations indicate that these two practices can lead to strongly elevated rates of false positives in typical empirical settings studied in management research. The often-advocated Hausman test does not always prevent false positives in RE regressions. Replication of a published regression that used RE and classic standard errors yields that many of the coefficients reported as significant in the original analysis become insignificant when using fixed effects and clustered standard errors, on a slightly different sample. Based on the findings in this paper, published results using nonclustered standard errors or RE estimates for panel data should be interpreted with great care, because the probability that they are false positives can be much larger than reported. Going forward, empirical researchers should cluster standard errors to account for serial correlation and use fixed rather than random effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity.

Funding: X. Li received financial support from the Ian Potter ’93D PhD Award.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0172 .
A Tribute to Athey's Froebelian Genius!
Authors: Grimmer Tamsin , Siraj-Blatchford John
Published: September 2022

If you work within early childhood education, you may have come across the concept of schematic play. In this article John Siraj-Blatchford and Tamsin Grimmer discuss and explain the use of the terms scheme and schema.
Evolving regulations: proceed with caution?
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: September 2022

As a childminder herself, Rebecca Martland reflects on the evolving changes affecting the sector and how this impacts childminders in particular.
Why the ‘John Lewis model’ is gaining popularity
Authors: Attree Stephen
Published: September 2022

The employee owned trust model, where a business is owned by its employees, is becoming more common in the UK. This article explains how it works and why your practice might benefit
O DESCRÉDITO DADO ÀS MULHERES VÍTIMAS DE ESTUPRO: UMA ANALOGIA A SÉRIE INACREDITÁVEL
Authors: Pires de Almeida Santos Maiana
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho discute o processo que ocorre de descredibilidade nas mulheres vítimas de violência sexual, assim como, a inclinação que a polícia e os indivíduos em geral têm acerca da denúncia desse tipo de crime. O mesmo faz referência a uma obra cinematográfica (série), a qual relata uma versão resumida da história de Marie, e de outras vítimas, dispondo como centro a investigação dos crimes, além de expor como a cultura do estupro é presente na nossa sociedade, manifesta também os efeitos secundários causados decorrentes dessa violência sexual. A finalidade do estudo é aprofundar a análise do tratamento dado a essas vítimas que muitas vezes não é cuidadoso e empático com aquelas que sofreram tal violência, relacionando-se ao debate sobre a culpabilização dada as vítimas de estupro. O trabalho articula as discussões sobre como machismo estrutural e o patriarcado interferem diretamente nessa categoria de crime.
“MEU GURI”: UMA CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO JURÍDICA
Authors: Cerqueira de Amorim Paixão Evellyne , Bastos Ramos Stella Reis
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo uma análise crítica acerca da música “Meu Guri”, de Chico Buarque de Holanda, a partir da observação dos aspectos criminológicos presentes no contexto sociocultural que envolvem as atitudes, antagônicas, da sociedade de 1981 e a da mãe do adolescente. Ademais, debruça-se sobre o contexto jurídico que envolve o “guri”, o Código do Menor de 1979 e os aspectos que o distingue do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, de 1990.
SAFETY OF THE USE OF HIGH-ALTITUDE PROTECTION SUITS IN PATIENTS WITH NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS IN KINESITHERAPY
Authors:   Neures Poland, Abakumow Maciej , Zielińska Paulina ,   Department of Otolaryngology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Kowalczuk Krzysztof ,   Department of Simulator Studies and Aeromedical Training, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine
Published: September 2022

HAP (High-Altitude Protection) suits were originally developed to protect the bodies of flight personnel from the effects of low atmospheric pressure. At a later stage of their development, they were supplemented with a system to prevent the negative effects of gravitational acceleration. A new and very different application of HAP suits is their use in the kinesitherapy process for patients with neurological deficits. However, due to the possibility of cardiovascular overload and a potentially dangerous increase in blood pressure, studies have been conducted to observe the occurrence of increased blood pressure. The study was conducted on a group of 39 patients with various neurological deficits during a fiveoccupation therapy session. Previously published results obtained for 17 healthy subjects (control group) were used for comparison [2]. The WUK 90 version of the HAP suit was used during the therapy. The compared results for the control and experimental groups are similar to each other AND show no increase in blood pressure.
HYPOXIA AWARENESS TRAINING AND HYPOXIA SIGNATURE: AN APPRAISAL
Authors:   Institute of Aerospace Medicine IAF, Kumar Ajay
Published: September 2022

Hypoxia is an omnipresent threat in high altitude flying and considered the number one physiological problem in aviation. The Hypoxia incident is at its minimum in last one century since heavier than air flying began in 1903. This could be possible because of improved and robust oxygen system design over the last century and Hypoxia Awareness Training which an aviator receives throughout his career. Acute exposure to hypoxia leads to manifestation of various Psychomotor and Cognitive signs and symptoms which vary from person to person. However, this constellation of symptoms does not vary in the same individual on repeated exposure to acute hypoxia. This has been termed as Hypoxia Signature which forms the basis of Hypoxia Awareness Training among aircrew. Various studies have concluded that Hypoxia Awareness Training results in early identification of in-flight hypoxia leading to corrective action on time and prevention of catastrophic events in the air. Hypobaric Chamber Training has traditionally been the mainstay for hypoxia awareness training. However, various other modalities like Reduced Oxygen Breathing Device (ROBD) and Combined Altitude and Oxygen Depleted (CADO) paradigm are also being used to impart Hypoxia Awareness Training. In this article, author has reviewed need for Hypoxia Awareness Training (HAT), rationale behind such training along with various methods being employed currently in IAF and world over. The article also discusses objective evidence of effectiveness of HAT and its need to be extended to commercial and general aviation to prevent avoidable loss of lives, property and precious resources due to hypoxia.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS RECORDER FOR A TRUCK SIMULATOR
Authors:   Department of Simulator Studies and Aeromedical Training, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Piotrowski Marcin , Gąsik Marek ,   Department of Simulator Studies and Aeromedical Training, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Dereń Mirosław ,   Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine
Published: September 2022

This paper describes the recorder integrated with a truck simulator which is a set of measuring devices used for measuring and recording environmental parameters in the simulator's cabin and psychophysiological parameters of a driver, centrally managed by the simulator's information system. The instrument assembly includes a compact meter for physiological and environmental parameters, a flashing light generator, and a system for measuring hand pressure force against the steering wheel. This paper describes the structure and functions of the various elements of the simulator's measurement equipment.
Mid-IR spectroscopy of Er3+doped low-phonon CsCdCl3and CsPbCl3crystals
Authors: Brown Ei Ei , Fleischman Zackery D. , McKay Jason , Hommerich Uwe , Kabir Al Amin , Riggins Jazmine , Trivedi Sudhir , Dubinskii Mark
Published: September 2022

The mid-IR spectroscopic properties ofEr3+doped low-phononCsCdCl3andCsPbCl3crystals grown by the Bridgman technique have been investigated. Using optical excitations at∼800nmand∼660nm, both crystals exhibited IR emissions at∼1.55,∼2.75,∼3.5, and∼4.5µmat room temperature. The mid-IR emission at 4.5 µm, originating from the4I9/2→4I11/2transition, showed a long emission lifetime of∼11.6msforEr3+dopedCsCdCl3, whereasEr3+dopedCsPbCl3exhibited a shorter lifetime of∼1.8ms. The measured emission lifetimes of the4I9/2state were nearly independent of the temperature, indicating a negligibly small nonradiative decay rate through multiphonon relaxation, as predicted by the energy-gap law for low-maximum-phonon energy hosts. The room temperature stimulated emission cross sections for the4I9/2→4I11/2transition inEr3+dopedCsCdCl3andCsPbCl3were determined to be∼0.14×10−20cm2and∼0.41×10−20cm2, respectively. The results of Judd–Ofelt analysis are presented and discussed.
Comparison of low-complexity sparse and weight-sharing nonlinear equalizers for C-band 100-Gbit/s DSB PAM-4 transmission over 60-km SSMF
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Tan Heyun , Hong Xiaojian , Liu Jie , Guo Changjian , Fei Chao , Wu Xiong , Tao Lau Alan Pak , Yu Siyuan , Lu Chao
Published: September 2022

To cope with the nonlinear distortions and the chromatic dispersion (CD) induced power fading in double-side band (DSB) intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) transmission systems, high-performance Volterra nonlinear equalizers (VNLEs) including Volterra feed-forward equalizer (VFFE) and Volterra decision-feedback equalizer (VDFE) are widely applied. However, the conventional VNLEs have high computational complexity, especially for longer memory lengths. In this paper, based on sparse and weight-sharing strategies for significant kernel reduction, we propose four low-complexity NLEs including a sparse diagonally pruned VDFE (S-DP-VDFE), a sparse diagonally pruned absolute-term DFE (S-DP-ATDFE), a weight-sharing DP-VDFE (WS-DP-VDFE), and a weight-sharing DP-ATDFE (WS-DP-ATDFE), and present a comprehensive comparison among them in terms of computational complexity and bit error ratio (BER) performance in a C-band 100-Gbit/s PAM-4 transmission system over 60-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). The experimental results show that the proposed S-DP-VDFE and WS-DP-VDFE not only exhibit comparable performance with the conventional DP-VDFE but also reduce the complexity by 54.5% and 45.9%, respectively. While the proposed S-DP-ATDFE and WS-DP-ATDFE yield lower complexity at the expense of a slight performance degradation. Compared with the proposed S-DP-VDFE, S-DP-ATDFE, and WS-DP-VDFE, the proposed WS-DP-ATDFE with the lowest number of real-valued multiplications of 45 achieves up to 90.9%, 81.6%, and 95.8% complexity reduction, respectively, at the 7% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) BER limit of 3.8 × 10−3. The proposed low-complexity WS-DP-ATDFE shows great potential in low-cost and high-performance IM/DD optical transmission systems.
Sorting orbital angular momentum of photons through a multi-ring azimuthal-quadratic phase
Authors: Lv Yanlai , Shang Zijun , Fu Shiyao , Huang Lei , Gao Liliang , Gao Chunqing
Published: September 2022

Beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) already play significant roles in many domains. Here we propose a practical design of an OAM beam splitter based on a single phase-only multi-ring azimuthal-quadratic diffraction optical element that can sort different OAM components into various spatial positions, and OAM state probing is also achieved. The performance is demonstrated through proof-of-principle experiments and shows favorable results. Furthermore, the intensity proportion of each OAM component, namely the OAM spectrum, is also diagnosed. This work offers high applicability and practicability for the recognition and separation of photon OAM, and thus paves the way for many advanced scenarios such as quantum communication, holographic encryption, and remote sensing.
Time-variant entropy regulated multiple access for flexible coherent PON
Authors: Wei Zixian , Zhang Jinsong , Li Weijia , Plant David V.
Published: September 2022

To further increase the data rate and rate flexibility of next-generation passive optical networks (PONs), we propose a scheme jointing probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), constellation diagram identification, and coherent detection. The rate of the coherent PON is dynamically regulated with time-variant entropy, and monitored by the image classifier in real-time. The transmitted cascade frames allocated to different optical network units (ONUs) from the optical line terminal (OLT) can be synchronized, identified, and distinguished by the labeled entropy values. The proposed graphic monitoring scheme is experimentally demonstrated based on a dual-polarized coherent optical transmission system. A 0.5 interval value of entropy is precisely tuned to achieve a 96.13% constellation identification accuracy for entropy/rate by a fast normalized cross correlation coefficient (NCC)-based image classifier. A real-time data rate from 350 to 550 Gb/s with PCS-64-quadrature amplitude modulation (64-QAM) format for a single ONU is achieved which can maximally support five independent ONUs with single wavelength and two polarization states and the entropy varying from 3.5 to 5.5 with 0.5 intervals, respectively.
Refractive index sensing based on surface plasmon-coupled emission excited by reverse Kretschmann or Tamm structure
Authors: Shen Zhe , Yu Hongda , Zhang Lin , Chen Yikai
Published: September 2022

Surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) is the directional emission of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) through the reverse channels of focused surface plasmon excitation to the far field, which has shown significant possibilities in bioanalysis, medical diagnosis, and so on. We carried out a theoretical study of SPCE to analyze its mechanisms and proposed a new structure to improve the emission intensity of SPCE. We proposed a method for refractive index sensing based on SPCE, consisting of a reverse Kretschmann (RK) or a Tamm structure for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The corresponding sensing sensitivity reaches 87.61 deg/RIU and 67.44 deg/RIU, respectively. Compared with that in the RK, the far-field radiation intensity of SPCE in the Tamm structure is enhanced by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, compared with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing, SPCE sensing can improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and excitation efficiency. Our structures enable refractive index sensing with a high SNR, high spatial resolution, and without the requirement of angular alignment using complex mechanics, which are suitable for practical applications such as quantitative biomolecular detection and medical diagnosis.
Deletion of CEP164 in mouse photoreceptors post-ciliogenesis interrupts ciliary intraflagellar transport (IFT)
Authors: Reed Michelle , Takemaru Ken-Ichi , Ying Guoxin , Frederick Jeanne M. , Baehr Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

Centrosomal protein of 164 kDa (CEP164) is located at distal appendages of primary cilia and is necessary for basal body (BB) docking to the apical membrane. To investigate the function of photoreceptor CEP164 before and after BB docking, we deleted CEP164 during retina embryonic development (Six3Cre), in postnatal rod photoreceptors (iCre75) and in mature retina using tamoxifen induction (Prom1-ETCre). BBs dock to the cell cortex during postnatal day 6 (P6) to extend a connecting cilium (CC) and an axoneme. P6 retina-specific knockouts (retCep164-/-) are unable to dock BBs, thereby preventing formation of CC or outer segments (OSs). In rod-specific knockouts (rodCep164-/-), Cre expression starts after P7 and CC/OS form. P16rodCep164-/-rods have nearly normal OS lengths, and maintain OS attachment through P21 despite loss of CEP164. Intraflagellar transport components (IFT88, IFT57 and IFT140) were reduced at P16rodCep164-/-BBs and CC tips and nearly absent at P21, indicating impaired intraflagellar transport. Nascent OS discs, labeled with a fluorescent dye on P14 and P18 and harvested on P19, showed continuedrodCep164-/-disc morphogenesis but absence of P14 discs mid-distally, indicating OS instability. Tamoxifen induction with PROM1ETCre;Cep164F/F(tamCep164-/-) adult mice affected maintenance of both rod and cone OSs. The results suggest that CEP164 is key towards recruitment and stabilization of IFT-B particles at the BB/CC. IFT impairment may be the main driver of ciliary malfunction observed with hypomorphic CEP164 mutations.
Spatio-temporal variations in neonatal mortality rates in Ghana: An application of hierarchical Bayesian methods
Authors: Kwami Takramah Wisdom , Dwomoh Duah , Aheto Justice Moses K.
Published: September 2022

Ghana might not meet the SDGs target 3.2 of reducing neonatal mortality to 12 deaths per 1000 live births by 2030. Identifying core determinants of neonatal deaths provide policy guidelines and a framework aimed at mitigating the effect of neonatal deaths. Most studies have identified household and individual-level factors that contribute to neonatal mortality. However, there are relatively few studies that have rigorously assessed geospatial covariates and spatiotemporal variations of neonatal deaths in Ghana. This study focuses on modeling and mapping of spatiotemporal variations in the risk of neonatal mortality in Ghana using Bayesian Hierarchical Spatiotemporal models. This study used data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHS) conducted in 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2014. We employed Bayesian Hierarchical Spatiotemporal regression models to identify geospatial correlates and spatiotemporal variations in the risk of neonatal mortality. The estimated weighted crude neonatal mortality rate for the period under consideration was 33.2 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births. The results obtained from Moran’s I statistics and CAR model showed the existence of spatial clustering of neonatal mortality. The map of smooth relative risk identified Ashanti region as the most consistent hot-spot region for the entire period under consideration. Small body size babies contributed significantly to an increased risk of neonatal mortality at the regional level [Posterior Mean: 0.003 (95% CrI: 0.00,0.01)]. Hot spot GDHS clusters exhibiting high risk of neonatal mortality were identified by LISA cluster map. Rural residents, small body size babies, parity, and aridity contributed significantly to a higher risk of neonatal mortality at the GDHS cluster level. The findings provide actionable and insightful information to prioritize and distribute the scarce health resources equitably to tackle the menace of neonatal mortality. The regions and GDHS clusters with excess risk of neonatal mortality should receive optimum attention and interventions to reduce the neonatal mortality rate.
First cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and secondary transmission in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Tippett Barr Beth A. , Herman-Roloff Amy , Mburu Margaret , Murnane Pamela M. , Sang Norton , Bukusi Elizabeth , Oele Elizabeth , Odhiambo Albert , Lewis-Kulzer Jayne , Onyango Clayton O. , Hunsperger Elizabeth , Odhiambo Francesca , Joseph Rachel H. , Munyua Peninah , Othieno Kephas , Mulwa Edwin , Akelo Victor , Muok Erick , Bulterys Marc , Nzioka Charles , Cohen Craig R.
Published: September 2022

We investigated the first 152 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases (125 primary and 27 secondary) and their 248 close contacts in Kisumu County, Kenya. Conducted June 10–October 8, 2020, this study included interviews and sample collection at enrolment and 14–21 days later. Median age was 35 years (IQR 28–44); 69.0% reported COVID-19 related symptoms, most commonly cough (60.0%), headache (55.2%), fever (53.3%) and loss of taste or smell (43.8%). One in five were hospitalized, 34.4% >25 years of age had at least one comorbidity, and all deaths had comorbidities. Adults ≥25 years with a comorbidity were 3.15 (95% CI 1.37–7.26) times more likely to have been hospitalized or died than participants without a comorbidity. Infectious comorbidities included HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, but no current cases of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue fever, leptospirosis or chikungunya were identified. Thirteen (10.4%) of the 125 primary infections transmitted COVID-19 to 27 close contacts, 158 (63.7%) of whom resided or worked within the same household. Thirty-one percent (4 of 13) of those who transmitted COVID-19 to secondary cases were health care workers; no known secondary transmissions occurred between health care workers. This rapid assessment early in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic identified some context-specific characteristics which conflicted with the national line-listing of cases, and which have been substantiated in the year since. These included over two-thirds of cases reporting the development of symptoms during the two weeks after diagnosis, compared to the 7% of cases reported nationally; over half of cases reporting headaches, and nearly half of all cases reporting loss of taste and smell, none of which were reported at the time by the World Health Organization to be common symptoms. This study highlights the importance of rapid in-depth assessments of outbreaks in understanding the local epidemiology and response measures required.
Technical feasibility of minicutting of different portions of the branch to produce clonal seedlings of Aloysia citrodora
Authors: Thiesen Leonardo Antonio , Altíssimo Bruna Stringari , Holz Ezequiel , Pinheiro Marcos Vinícius Marques , Schmidt Denise
Published: September 2022

Seedling production using the minicutting technique enables quick and efficient plants formation. However, there are no reports of application for Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) and the ideal portion of the branch. This study aimed to evaluate the production of seedlings from minicuttings taken from different parts of the branch.The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design. Three treatments consisted of minicuttings taken from other branch portions (basal, median, and apical), divided into two experiments (Exp1 and Exp2).Exp1 was carried out in a sub-irrigation system in phenolic foam, evaluating rooting percentage, length of the longest root, root number, number of shoots, number of leaves, and total dry mass. Exp2 used the minicuttings from the previous experiment, kept for another 35 days in pots to assess the quality of the seedlings, evaluating plant length, number of shoots, and leaves. For Exp1, 35 days after cutting, there was a higher percentage of survival, size of the longest root, number of the root, number of shoots, number of leaves, and total dry mass, in those minicuttings produced from the basal and median portions, being the exact behavior of Exp2, 35 days after transplantation to pots. The minicutting proved to be an efficient method for producing Aloysia citrodoraseedlings, when removed from the basal or median portion, standing out for a higher percentage of survival, better growth, and initial development and post-transplantation of the produced seedlings.
Diaspores biometry, temperatures and light regime on seed germination of Ptychosperma macarthurii (Arecaceae)
Authors: Souza Antonio Maricélio Borges de , Ferreira Kássia Barros , Pivetta Kathia Fernandes Lopes , Vieira Ferraz Marcos
Published: September 2022

This work aimed to analyze diaspores biometric characteristics, the effect of different temperatures and light regimes on seed germination and on the initial seedlings’ growth of Ptychosperma macarthurii. The experiment was performed at the Horticulture Seed Laboratory, UNESP/FCAV, Jaboticabal, SP. The individual diaspores biometric analysis was performed by measuring the length, diameter, mass and weight of a thousand diaspores, the data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. It was adopted a completely randomized design in a 5 × 2 factorial with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment. Five temperatures (25; 30; 35; 20-30 and 25-35 ºC) and two light regimes (presence and total absence of light) were evaluated. The variables analyzed were germination, germination speed index, average length of the primary root and shoot, diameter of the stem and seedlings total dry mass. The length, diameter and average weight of the diaspores were 12.54 mm, 6.05 mm and 0.1610 g, respectively. The seeds of Ptychosperma macarthurii germinated in a wide temperature range, reaching a higher germination percentage at 25 ºC and a higher germination speed index at 30 ºC, being classified as neutral photoblastics. The constant temperature of 30 ºC provided higher mean values ​​for all seedlings’ biometric characteristics.
Physical and fruit region characterization of araticum and seed germination as a result of accesses
Authors: Costa da Silva Edvan , Villa Fabíola , Fernandes da Silva Daniel , Possenti Jean Carlo , Sabini da Silva Luciana , Eberling Tatiane
Published: September 2022

The physical characteristics of the fruits are of great importance for the identification and selection of superior genetic materials, appropriate for commercialization or industrial use. Given the above, the objective was to physically characterize the araticum fruit and to verify the influence of accessions and fruit region under seed germination. The work was developed at Unioeste, Marechal Cândido Rondon Campus (PR), and conducted at the University Laboratory of Post-Harvest Technology. Ripe fruits of araticum (Annona sylvatica) were collected from four native plants (accessions A1, A 2, A3, and A4) at the Experimental Farm of the University in February 2019. As for the physical evaluation of the fruits, four repetitions of 10 randomly chosen ripe fruits per access were evaluated. The longitudinal diameter, transversal diameter, fruit biomass, epicarp biomass, fruit pulp, number of seeds, and mass of 100 seeds were the characteristics evaluated. The experimental design used for the germination test was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme 4 x 2 [4 accessions (A1, A2, A3, and A4) x 2 regions of the fruit (proximal and distal) in 500 mg L-1 of acid gibberellic (GA3)], containing 4 repetitions and 25 seeds per repetition. The evaluations were carried out from the 15th day of the experiment setup until 105 days. The characteristics evaluated were: first germination count (%), germination percentage (%), germination speed index, and average germination time (days). The fruits had an average biomass of 63.41 g, an average of 38 seeds per fruit, and fruit pulp with an average of 39.63 g. The germination of araticum seeds was not influenced by the accessions and fruit region.
Physiological factors in the production of cabbage under no-tillage
Authors: Marasca Indiamara , Da Silva de Jesus Ereni , Jussiê da Silva Solino Antônio , Perreria Bravo Juliana , De Souza Novak Rosilei , Moraes Tavares Rose Luiza
Published: September 2022

The no-till system promotes benefits that extend not only the characteristics of soil improvement, interfering in the quality and productivity of the plants, thus improving physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the crop and resulting in profitability to the producer. The present study evaluated the agronomic development of cabbage according to different cover plants. The experiment was performed in the field, in the Vegetable sector of the University of Rio Verde - UniRV, Rio Verde, GO. The cover plants used were millet (Pennisetum americanum (L)), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens), and crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea). The studied greeneries were cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Astrus plus hybrid. The parameters evaluated to analyze the physiological development were: the plants’ height, number of leaves, and cabbage diameter. The results were submitted to the descriptive statistical method with analysis of means, covariances, and correlations, using the Matlab program. Plant growth data were submitted to the analysis of variance, and when significant, the cover plant factor was compared by Fisher’s test, and the factor days after planting was analyzed by regression. The cabbage showed a higher mean height (cm), leaves, and diameter with the sunflower covering plant. The millet was the best plant to increase the cabbage’s mean productivity.
Physiological and metabolic responses in broccoli plants fertilized with green manure
Authors: Watthier Maristela , S. Oliveira Franciele , L. Araújo Wagner , Peralta Antonio Nain , Henrique Silva Santos Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Grasses and legumes affect differently the amount of N in the soil over time, mainly due to the differences in the chemical characteristics of its mass. Changes in the availability of N influence the absorption and assimilation of N, which will influence physiological processes in the plants. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the changes in gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and biochemical activity in leaves of broccoli grown under different green manure amendments. The experiment was designed in a complete randomized block design, using the mass of jack bean (JB) and millet (M) pure and in mixtures and one control, totaling six treatments: Control, 100JB, 75JB25M, 50JB50M, 25JB75M, 100M, with four replicates. The canopy area, N content, gas exchange, and biochemical analyzes were evaluated on the broccoli index leaf 40 days after broccoli transplantation. The higher ratio of jack bean, the higher the canopy area, the N content and the amino acid, protein and malate content, and lower starch content, possibly due to the higher N mineralization in this green manure.
A contribution to the physicochemical characterization of Eugenia involucrata DC. fruits to estimate genetic variability
Authors: Mayer Leonardo , Nienow Alexandre Augusto , Tres Laura , Trevizan Chiomento José Luís
Published: September 2022

Brazil has one of the greatest diversities in native fruit trees, but many species, despite the great environmental and economic potential for small farms, are little studied, such as the cherry-of-the-rio-grande (Eugenia involucrata DC.). The hypothesis of this research was that there is a high genetic diversity due to the propagation by seeds, occurring genotypes that produce better quality fruits which can be used to implement genetic improvement programs and the production of seedlings with better productive performance. So, this study aimed to characterize fruits of this species' genotypes and to evaluate the genetic divergence applying multivariate analysis techniques. Genotypes of different ages found in rural and urban areas of the municipality of Serafina Corrêa, Rio Grande do Sul, were evaluated, with 50 genotypes in 2018 and 38 genotypes in 2019, since twelve did not bear fruit. Data were submitted to determine the mean and standard deviation. To assess genetic diversity, the relative contribution of characters was determined by the Singh method; the average Euclidean distance standardized matrix (UPGMA) and dendrograms were generated; and Tocher's optimization method was applied. Results showed that UPGMA and Tocher clustering methods are more efficient in representing the diversity between genotypes. Fruits characteristics varied from one year to another, due to the combination of biotic and abiotic factors (water regime), resulting in changes of characters with greater contribution in the divergence and formation of similar groups. The content of total soluble solids (TSS) in 2018 and fruit mass in 2019 harvest were characters that most contributed to the genetic divergence. It was concluded that the physicochemical characters of fruits revealed the existence of genetic divergence among genotypes, allowing the selection of agronomically superior plants.
Sources and rates of organic substrates in the production of pear Cascatense on quince ‘CP’
Authors: Verlindo Andricia , Biasi Luiz Antonio , Botelho Renato Vasconcelos , Müller Marcelo Marques Lopes
Published: September 2022

The nutritional state of cultivated plants can be influenced, due to the poultry litter doses and basalt powder, thus affecting its proper growth. This work aimed to evaluate the nutritional efficiency of pear, cultivated in different poultry litter doses and basalt powder. The experiment was conducted in the orchard of the fruit growing sector of the Department of Agronomy at the Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava- PR, in 2010, spaced 2.5 x 0.5 m, with the following treatments in the planting hole and reapplied in August of 2012: T1) without fertilization; T2) 2 kg of poultry litter; T3) 2 kg of poultry litter + 2 kg of basalt powder; T4) 4 kg of poultry litter; T5) 4 kg of poultry litter + 2 kg of basalt powder.  Samples of the root system, and the shoot segmented in side branches and trunk were collected in January / 2014 (1,190 days) for chemical analysis of nutrient content and dry matter. With these results were calculated the indexes: absorption efficiency; transport efficiency and nutrient utilization efficiency. The treatment 4 kg of poultry litter, result in a higher absorption efficiency ratio for N, and higher utilization efficiency index for S. The transport efficiency suffered a little variation due to the used doses.
Alterações fisiológicas do pimentão sob soluções nutritivas preparadas com águas salobras e concentrações de H2O2
Authors: Freitas Furtado Guilherme de , Nascimento Ronaldo do , Santos Júnior José Amilton , Garófalo Chaves Lúcia Helena , Souza Felipe Guedes de , Gheyi Hans Raj
Published: September 2022

Os recursos hídricos da região semiárida comumente possuem elevadas concentrações de sais, comprometendo a qualidade da água para agricultura. Frente a estes problemas a adoção de estratégias para mitigação desses efeitos negativos torna-se fundamental para manutenção dos sistemas produtivos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar as trocas gasosas do pimentão hidropônico sob diferentes combinações de águas (salobra e de chuva) e aplicação exógena de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), em experimento desenvolvido em ambiente protegido pertencente à Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado, com 12 tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, com 5 repetições, consistindo de quatro combinações entre água salobra e água de chuva (10%/90%; 20%/80%; 30%/70%;40%/60%) e três concentrações de H2O2 [0,0 (Controle); 7,5 μM; 15 μM. A aplicação de 15,0 μM de H2O2 em plantas de pimentão cultivadas com solução nutritiva nas combinações (30%/70%) e (40%/60%) entre água salobra e água de chuva promoveu incremento da fotossíntese aos 24 dias após a semeadura enquanto, aos 61 dias incrementa o estresse. Aos 61 dias após a semeadura os maiores valores de gs e E do pimentão cultivado com solução nutritiva de condutividade elétrica igual a 2,72 dS m-1 (10%/90%) foram obtidos com a aplicação de 15,0 μM de H2O2. Os teores de clorofila “a”, “b”, total e carotenoides do pimentão tiveram os efeitos deletérios causados pela salinidade da solução nutritiva mitigado pela aplicação exógena de peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 15 μM.
Agricultural ambience and salt stress in production of yellow passion fruit seedlings
Authors: Nojosa Lessa Carla Ingryd , Gomes de Sousa Geocleber , Castelo Sousa Henderson , Barbosa da Silva Fred Denilson , Primola Gomes Silas , De Araújo Viana Thales Vinicius
Published: September 2022

The objective was to evaluate the initial growth and gas exchange of yellow passion fruit seedlings irrigated with saline water under different environments. The experiment was conducted of the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção-CE. The experimental design used was entirely randomized, in factor arrangement 4 x 2, referring to four environments with different shade screens (black screen; whitescreen; red screen; all with 50% shading; and full sun) and the values of electrical conductivity of irrigationwater (0.3 and 3.0 dS m-1), with five repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomach conductance, instantaneous water use efficiency, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract and soil pH. The environment with black screen provides greater performance in leaf area, plant height and root length and was more efficient for the production of dry mass of the aerial part and the root of passion fruit seedlings in both irrigation waters. The red screen environment stimulates greater photosynthesis, transpiration, stomach conductance and chlorophyll in passion fruit seedlings irrigated with low salinity water, while the black screen mitigated saline stress for these variables. The full sun environment provided greater instantaneous water use efficiency in passion fruit seedlings for treatment with low salinity water and the black screen environment with high salinity water.
Predição de produção do abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ utilizando modelagem neurofuzzy e regressão linear
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Paula , Gustavo Fernandes Mesquita Frankley , Barbosa Vilela Guilherme , Facco Pegoraro Rodinei , Martins Maia Victor , Koiti Kondo Marcos
Published: September 2022

Atualmente, a utilização de sistemas inteligentes híbridos que utilizam a combinação de técnicas de inteligência artificial como, por exemplo, redes neurais e lógica fuzzy, tem-se tornado comuns na elaboração de modelos complexos de simulação e estimar parâmetros desejados. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver sistemas de inferência adaptativos neurofuzzy (ANFIS) para predizer a produção do abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ e realizar análise comparativa destes modelos com outro modelo de predição que utiliza aproximação quadrática. Os modelos de predição desenvolvidos calculam a massa fresca do fruto (MFFR) a partir da massa fresca da folha D (MFFD) e/ou diâmetro do talo (DT), medidos no momento da indução floral. Para a construção dos sistemas ANFIS foi utilizada a função genfisOptions da toolbox Neuro Fuzzy Designer do Matlab (Mathworks®- Neuro Fuzzy Designer, R2018a).  Foram construídos sistemas ANFIS considerando cada uma dessas variáveis como entrada (DT e MFFD), isoladamente, e de forma combinada.  O erro da simulação da produção foi calculado utilizando a raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrado (RMSE). Para todos os sistemas ANFIS construídos, o RMSE obtido foi menor que o valor produzido quando realizou-se a simulação por meio da regressão linear ou aproximação quadrática. O menor valor de RMSE foi obtido quando utilizou-se a combinação dos parâmetros MFFD e DT para construção do sistema ANFIS. Portanto, de acordo com este estudo, a utilização de modelagem neurofuzzy, mais especificadamente de sistemas ANFIS, para a predição de produção do abacaxizeiro ‘Vitória’ apresenta melhores resultados que a utilização de regressão linear ou aproximação quadrática.
Plant growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) under applications of liquid biofertilizers
Authors: Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Nunes Gontijo Luciana , Camargos de Oliveira Roberta , Martins Magela Mara Lúcia , Queiroz Luz José Magno , Camargo Reginaldo
Published: September 2022

Garlic is a highly relevant vegetable crop from the food and medicinal point of view in the culture of different peoples around the world. The new discoveries of the active components present in the bulbs increase the demand and require that garlic’s production system meets the demands of the market in quantity and quality. The nutrition in vegetables is crucial for the production and protection of crops, and in the garlic crop it is usual practice to apply minerals via leaf application during the cycle. The use and benefits of organic sources associated with minerals in the garlic crop raise questions about the viability of the leaf application method in this crop. The objective of this study  was to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers containing humic acids applied via leaf application in the crop of garlic (Allium sativum) in relation to the control (absence of humic acid). There was no significant variation for the foliar application of biofertilizers for the development parameters (aerial part, root system and bulb formation) and garlic production classes. Biofertilizer 4 at the dose of 30 L ha-1 stood out compared to the Biofertilizers 2 and 3 for total productivity. The use of foliar biofertilizers with organic components associated with minerals can be considered an interesting alternative for the cultivation of garlic, especially if evaluated in the long term and considering the global benefits to the cultivation system.
Produção e qualidade pós-colheita de pinheira irrigada com água salina e adubação com N-P-K
Authors: Nogueira Ferreira Fagner , Soares de Lima Geovani , Raj Gheyi Hans , Da Silva Sá Francisco Vanies , Sudário Dias Adaan , Almeida dos Anjos Soares Lauriane
Published: September 2022

O estresse salino reduz o crescimento e a produção das plantas, mas adequada adubação pode minimizar os efeitos da salinidade. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a produção e a qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de pinheira irrigada com água salina e adubada com combinações de nitrogênio-fosforo e potássio no segundo ano de cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial 2 × 8, com três repetições em vasos adaptados como lisímetros de drenagem em ambiente protegido no município de Campina Grande, PB. Os fatores foram constituídos por dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,8 e 3,0 dS m-1) e oito combinações de adubação com N-P-K sendo 100-100-100; 100-100-125; 100-125-100; 100-125-125; 125-100-100; 125-100-125; 125-125-100 e 125-125-125% da dose recomemdada (100-80-40 g de N-P2O5-K2O por planta por ano). A irrigação com águas de 3,0 dS m-1 reduz a produção de pinheira no segundo ano, mas adubação com combinação 125-100-125% de N-P-K incrementa o peso médio de frutos, teores de sólidos solúveis e ácido ascórbico. O alto valor da salinidade da água de irrigação afetou negativamente o número de gomos, de frutos e de sementes por planta, peso médio de fruto, diâmetro e altura de frutos. A combinação 125-100-40 g de N-P-K proporcionou maior peso médio de frutos, sólidos solúveis totais, ácido ascorbico e indice de maturação, independentemente do nível salino. A maior produção total por planta foi obtida nas plantas cultivadas sob CEa de 0,8 dS m-1 e 125-100-80 g de N-P-K.