bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel extension of GS4-1 time integrator to fluid dynamics type non-linear problems with illustrations to Burgers’ equation
Authors: Tamma K K , Masuri Siti Ujila
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe how a generalized single-system-single-solve (GS4-1) computational framework, previously developed for linear first order transient systems, can be properly extended for use in nonlinear counterparts, with particular applications to time dependent Burgers’ equation, which is well-known to serve as a simplified model of fluid dynamics, for illustrations of the essential concepts.

Design/methodology/approach

– The framework permits, for a very general family of time integrators where traditional methods are a subset, much needed desirable features including second order time accuracy, robustness and unconditional stability, zero-order overshoot behavior, and additionally, a selective control of high frequency damping for both the primary variable and its time derivative. The latter, which is a new, key desirable feature not available in past/existing methods to-date, allows for different amounts of high frequency damping for both the primary variable and its time derivative to ensure physically accurate solutions of these variables. This is in contrast to having only limited control of these numerical dampings, often indiscriminately, as in some past developments which can lead to numerical instabilities in the time derivative variable. The extension of the framework to nonlinear problems, as described in this paper, is achieved via the use of a normalized time weighted residual approach, which naturally allows the time discretization of the transient nonlinear systems as being the natural extensions of the linear systems.

Findings

– The primary aim is also to demonstrate the advantage of the selective control feature inherit in the present numerical methodologies for these nonlinear first order transient systems as in the linear counterparts.

Originality/value

– The authors wish to tackle the challenges to further enable extensions to nonlinear first order transient systems that frequently arise in fluid dynamics problems; this is the focus of this paper. The primary wish is to demonstrate the ability of the GS4-1 framework for nonlinear first order transient systems as seen in the linear transient counterparts; while on one hand the authors show that an equal amount of high frequency damping (i.e. ρ
∞ = ρ
∞
s) leads to non-physical instability in the time derivative variable for a minimal damping required to obtain acceptable solution of the primary variable, on the other hand, the authors particularly demonstrate how this instability can be easily tuned off via the selective control feature (i.e. ρ
∞ ≠ ρ
∞
s) offered by the developed framework; thereby, demonstrating its robustness and superiority.
Gaussons
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to concern with a reliable treatment of the (2+1)-dimensional and the (3+1)-dimensional logarithmic Boussinesq equations (BEs). The author uses the sense of the Gaussian solitary waves to determine these gaussons. The study confirms that models characterized by logarithmic nonlinearity give gaussons solitons of distinct physical structures.

Design/methodology/approach

– The proposed technique, as presented in this work has been shown to be very efficient for solving nonlinear equations with logarithmic nonlinearity.

Findings

– The (2+1) and the (3+1)-dimensional BEs were examined as well. The examined models feature interesting results in propagation of waves and fluid flow.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for the higher dimensional logarithmic BEs.

Practical implications

– The work shows the effect of logarithmic nonlinearity compared to other nonlinearities where standard solitons appear in the last case.

Social implications

– The work will benefit audience who are willing to examine the effect of logarithmic nonlinearity.

Originality/value

– The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for the higher dimensional logarithmic BEs.
Survival probability in patients with liver trauma
Authors: Buci Skender , Kukeli Agim
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to assess the survival probability among patients with liver trauma injury using the anatomical and psychological scores of conditions, characteristics and treatment modes.

Design/methodology/approach

– A logistic model is used to estimate 173 patients’ survival probability. Data are taken from patient records. Only emergency room patients admitted to University Hospital of Trauma (former Military Hospital) in Tirana are included. Data are recorded anonymously, preserving the patients’ privacy.

Findings

– When correctly predicted, the logistic models show that survival probability varies from 70.5 percent up to 95.4 percent. The degree of trauma injury, trauma with liver and other organs, total days the patient was hospitalized, and treatment method (conservative vs intervention) are statistically important in explaining survival probability.

Practical implications

– The study gives patients, their relatives and physicians ample and sound information they can use to predict survival chances, the best treatment and resource management.

Originality/value

– This study, which has not been done previously, explores survival probability, success probability for conservative and non-conservative treatment, and success probability for single vs multiple injuries from liver trauma.
Lattice of infinite bending-resistant fibers
Authors: Kobelev Vladimir
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the double-periodic lattice, composed of bending-resistant fibers. The essence of the model is that the filaments are of infinite length and withstand tension and bending. The constitutive equations of the lattice in discrete and differential formulations are derived. Two complementary systems of loads, which cause different deformation two orthogonal families of fibers, occur in the lattice. The fracture behavior of the material containing a semi-infinite crack is investigated. The crack problem reduces to the exactly solvable Riemann-Hilbert problem. The solution demonstrates that the behavior of material cardinally depends upon the tension in the orthogonal family of fibers. If tension in fibers exists, opening of the crack under action of loads in two-dimensional lattice is similar to those in elastic solid. In the absence of tension, contrarily, there is a finite angle between edges at the crack tip.

Design/methodology/approach

– The description of stress state in the crack vicinity is reduced to the solution of mixed boundary value problem for simultaneous difference equations. In terms of Fourier images for unknown functions the problem is equivalent to a certain Riemann-Hilbert problem.

Findings

– The analytical solution of the problem shows that fracture behavior of the material depends upon the presence of stabilizing tension in fibers, parallel to crack direction. In the presence of tension in parallel fibers fracture character of two-dimensional lattice is similar to behavior of elastic solid. In this case the condition of crack grows can be formulated in terms of critical stress intensity factor. Otherwise, in the absence of stabilizing tension, the crack surfaces form a finite angle at the tip.

Research limitations/implications

– Linear behavior of fibers until rupture. Small deflections. Perfect two-dimensional lattice.

Practical implications

– The model provides exact analytical estimation of stresses on the crack tip as the function of fibers’ stiffness.

Originality/value

– The model is the extension of known lattice models, taking into account the semi-infinite crack in the lattice. This is the first known closed form solution for an infinite lattice model with the crack.
3D stagnation point flow of Maxwell fluid towards an off-centered rotating disk
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Khan Sidra , Riaz Fatima
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to study the three dimensional, steady and incompressible flow of non-Newtonian rate type Maxwell fluid, for stagnation point flow toward an off-centered rotating disk.

Design/methodology/approach

– The governing partial differential equations are transformed to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations by conventional similarity transformations. The non-perturbation technique, homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed for the computation of solutions. And, the solution is computed by using the well-known software Mathematica 10.

Findings

– The effects of rotational parameter and Deborah number on radial, azimuthal and induced velocity functions are investigated. The results are presented in graphical form. The convergence control parameter is also plotted for velocity profiles. The comparison with the previous results is also tabulated. The skin friction coefficients are also computed for different values of Deborah number.

Originality/value

– This paper studies the effect of rotation and Deborah number on off-centered rotating disk has been observed and presented graphically.
Verifying Structural Integrity of Repaired Cylindrical Pressure Vessels by Partitioning Method
Authors: Al-Gahtani Husain J. , Naffa'a Mahmoud
Published: August 2016

Pressure vessels that undergo repairs are normally pressure tested to verify their structural integrity before returning into service. Conventionally, the entire vessel is pressure tested, according to the relevant construction code. In this paper, partitioning the pressure vessel is suggested as an equivalent alternative test arrangement, where pressure testing is limited to the zone where a repair has been performed. Use of such an arrangement would alleviate potential concerns associated with the conventional testing method. Procedures are provided to specify the position of the partition relative to the repair location, in order to maintain the state-of-stress to that achieved in a conventional pressure test. Validity of this approach has been demonstrated for a repaired full-circumferential welded joint in the wall of a cylindrical pressure vessel.
Seafloor sound-speed profile characterization with non-parallel layering by the image source method: Application to CLUTTER'09 campaign data
Authors: Pinson Samuel , Holland Charles W.
Published: August 2016

The image source method was originally developed to estimate sediment sound speed as a function of depth assuming plane-layered sediments. Recently, the technique was extended to treat dipping, i.e., non-parallel layers and was tested using synthetic data. Here, the technique is applied to measured reflection data with dipping layers and mud volcanoes. The data were collected with an autonomous underwater vehicle towing a source (1600–3500 Hz) and a horizontal array of hydrophones. Data were collected every 3 m criss-crossing an area about 1 km2. The results provide a combination of two-dimensional sections of the sediment sound-speeds plotted in a three-dimensional picture.
New device for temporary hemorrhage control in penetrating injuries to the ventricles
Authors: Rezende-Neto Joao Baptista , Leong-Poi Howard , Rizoli Sandro , Beckett Andrew
Published: August 2016

Background

The best way to control hemorrhage from cardiac injuries is through digital occlusion followed by suture. However, this is difficult to accomplish in the emergency department (ED) setting. Generally, temporary control is obtained in advance of definitive treatment in the operating room. Despite safety and efficacy concerns, balloon Foley catheter insertion through the injury is still an option following ED thoracotomies. We developed a new device for temporary hemorrhage control in cardiac injuries and compared it to the Foley.

Methods

6 adult swine (n=6) underwent full-thickness (1.5 cm) injury along the longitudinal axis of the right ventricle (RV). After 5 s of bleeding, hemorrhage control was attempted with either the device or the Foley, and blood loss quantified. Subsequently, the wound was sutured and mean arterial pressure was restored to baseline with lactated Ringer's infusion. Subsequently, another injury 2 cm apart in the same ventricle was managed with apparatus not employed in the first injury. The same followed in the LV totaling 4 injuries per animal, 2 in each ventricle. Intraoperative echocardiogram, laboratory test and final wound sizes assessed.

Results

The device resulted in less bleeding than the Foley; RV 58.7±11.3 vs 147.7±30.9 mL, LV 81.7±11.9 vs 187.5±40.3 mL (p<0.05). Percent change in tricuspid regurgitation was less with the device than FO, 66.6% vs 400%. Mitral regurgitation increased 16% with Foley, but remained unchanged with the device. Changes in stroke volume and LV ejection fraction were less with the device than with Foley; SV 2.09% vs 12.48%, left ventricular ejection fraction 0.46% vs 5.45%. Foley insertion enlarged the wounds. Platelet count, complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated prothrombin time and fibrinogen decreased, whereas troponin and lactate increased compared with baseline, underscoring the magnitude of shock.

Conclusions

Cardiac hemorrhage was effectively controlled with the new device. The low-profile collapsible blocking membrane interfered less with cardiac function than did the balloon of the Foley, an important asset in the context of shock.
Computer Simulation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm Experiments
Authors: De Raedt H. , Michielsen K.
Published: August 2016

We review an event-based simulation approach which reproduces the statistical distributions of quantum physics experiments by generating detection events one-by-one according to an unknown distribution and without solving a wave equation. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm laboratory experiments are used as an example to illustrate the applicability of this approach. It is shown that computer experiments that employ the same post-selection procedure as the one used in laboratory experiments produce data that is in excellent agreement with quantum theory.
MultiClust 2013: Multiple Clusterings, Multiview Data, and Multisource Knowledgedriven Clustering
Authors: Assent Ira , Domeniconi Carlotta , Gullo Francesco , Tagarelli Andrea , Zimek Arthur
Published: August 2016

In this workshop report, we give a summary of the Multi-Clust workshop held in Chicago in conjunction with KDD 2013. We provide an overview on the history of this workshop series and the general topics covered. Furthermore, we provide summaries of the invited talks and of the contributed papers.
Current and Future Challenges in Mining Large Networks
Authors: Holder Lawrence B. , Caceres Rajmonda , Gleich David F. , Riedy Jason , Khan Maleq , Chawla Nitesh V. , Kumar Ravi , Wu Yinghui , Klymko Christine , Eliassi-Rad Tina , Prakash Aditya
Published: August 2016

We report on the Second Workshop on Mining Networks and Graphs held at the 2015 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. This half-day workshop consisted of a keynote talk, four technical paper presentations, one demonstration, and a panel on future challenges in mining large networks. We summarize the main highlights of the workshop, including expanded written summaries of the future challenges provided by the panelists. The current and future challenges discussed at the workshop and elaborated here provide valuable guidance for future research in the field
Distributional Effects of the Great Recession: Where Has All the Sociology Gone?
Authors: Redbird Beth , Grusky David B.
Published: August 2016

We review the main distributional effects of the Great Recession and the ways in which those effects have been organized into narratives. The Great Recession may affect poverty, inequality, and other economic and noneconomic outcomes by changing individual-level behavior, encouraging the rise of new social movements or reviving older ones, motivating new economic policy and associated institutional change, or affecting the ideologies and frames through which labor markets and the key forces for economic change are viewed. The amount of sociological research within each of these areas is relatively small (compared with the amount contributed by other disciplines) and has focused disproportionately on monitoring trends or uncovering the causal effects of the Great Recession on individual-level behavior. We review this existing research and point to opportunities for sociologists to better understand how the Great Recession may be changing the economy as well as our narratives about its problems and dysfunctions.
Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Potential Role for Proteoglycans
Authors: Al Gwairi Othman , Thach Lyna , Zheng Wenhua , Osman Narin , Little Peter J.
Published: August 2016

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal disease evident after the age of 50 that damages the macula in the centre of retina. It leads to a loss of central vision with retained peripheral vision but eventual blindness occurs in many cases. The initiation site of AMD development is Bruch’s membrane (BM) where multiple changes occur including the deposition of plasma derived lipids, accumulation of extracellular debris, changes in cell morphology, and viability and the formation of drusen. AMD manifests as early and late stage; the latter involves cell proliferation and neovascularization in wet AMD. Current therapies target the later hyperproliferative and invasive wet stage whilst none target early developmental stages of AMD. In the lipid deposition disease atherosclerosis modified proteoglycans bind and retain apolipoproteins in the artery wall. Chemically modified trapped lipids are immunogenic and can initiate a chronic inflammatory process manifesting as atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent artery blockages, heart attacks, or strokes. As plasma derived lipoprotein deposits are found in BM in early AMD, it is possible that they arise by a similar process within the macula. In this review we consider aspects of the pathological processes underlying AMD with a focus on the potential role of modifications to secreted proteoglycans being a cause and therefore a target for the treatment of early AMD.
Parque Ecológico Aldeia de Carapicuíba: projeto de paisagismo participativo valorizando um patrimônio histórico
Authors: Dobry-Pronsato Sylvia Adriana , Boucinhas Caio , Busnardo Filho Antônio , Pessoa Denise Falcão
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo discute-se o projeto do Parque Ecológico Aldeia de Carapicuíba, iniciado em 1994 e implantado em 2004. O processo entrelaçou diferentes temas quanto à recuperação e consolidação de sentimentos de pertencimento a um lugar considerado patrimônio histórico e ambiental, e sua valorização. Reflete-se, também, sobre a noção de participação da comunidade, que possibilitou a implantação do parque e facilitou a preservação desse patrimônio histórico e ambiental. O método participativo de projetá-lo possibilitou a articulação de diversos níveis de ensino, resultado do trabalho conjunto entre arquiteto contratado pela prefeitura, alunos da pós-graduação da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, professores, funcionários e alunos da Escola Estadual de Primeiro Grau Professora Esmeralda Becker Freire de Carvalho, localizada no patrimônio histórico Aldeia de Carapicuíba. Nesse processo, a execução, ainda que parcial em relação ao projeto original, só foi possível pelo envolvimento direto da comunidade, evidenciando que a relação arte-percepção, ao transcender o simples observar, pode contribuir em ações que valorizem o sentimento de pertencimento aos lugares de vida, nesse caso, o patrimônio histórico ambiental. Ao estimular a escola a ocupar os espaços da arte, no desenvolvimento da percepção, abriu-se a probabilidade de maior valorização do patrimônio histórico ambiental e cultural.
Burle Marx no Recife: restauro do jardim do aeroporto dos Guararapes como bem patrimonial
Authors: Sá Carneiro Ana Rita , Castel-Branco Cristina , Silva Joelmir Marques da
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta a experiência do workshop “Restauro de Jardins Históricos”, ocorrida em 2012 na cidade do Recife, no Nordeste do Brasil, tendo como objeto o jardim do aeroporto dos Guararapes, denominado de praça Ministro Salgado Filho, projetado pelo paisagista Roberto Burle Marx em 1957 e que faz parte de um conjunto de jardins concebidos pelo paisagista em Recife entre 1935 e 1958. O estudo desse jardim, que obteve recentemente o título de patrimônio cultural nacional, pretende ser uma referência para futuras ações de restauro no âmbito da conservação urbana no Brasil.
Regional Systems of Care Demonstration Project
Authors: Jollis James G. , Al-Khalidi Hussein R. , Roettig Mayme L. , Berger Peter B. , Corbett Claire C. , Dauerman Harold L. , Fordyce Christopher B. , Fox Kathleen , Garvey J. Lee , Gregory Tammy , Henry Timothy D. , Rokos Ivan C. , Sherwood Matthew W. , Suter Robert E. , Wilson B. Hadley , Granger Christopher B.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Up to 50% of patients fail to meet ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) guideline goals recommending a first medical contact–to–device time of <90 minutes for patients directly presenting to percutaneous coronary intervention–capable hospitals and <120 minutes for transferred patients. We sought to increase the proportion of patients treated within guideline goals by organizing coordinated regional reperfusion plans.

Methods:

We established leadership teams, coordinated protocols, and provided regular feedback for 484 hospitals and 1253 emergency medical services (EMS) agencies in 16 regions across the United States.

Results:

Between July 2012 and December 2013, 23 809 patients presented with acute STEMI (direct to percutaneous coronary intervention hospital: 11 765 EMS transported and 6502 self-transported; 5542 transferred). EMS-transported patients differed from self-transported patients in symptom onset to first medical contact time (median, 47 versus 114 minutes), incidence of cardiac arrest (10% versus 3%), shock on admission (11% versus 3%), and in-hospital mortality (8% versus 3%;
P
<0.001 for all comparisons). There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients meeting guideline goals of first medical contact–to–device time, including those directly presenting via EMS (50% to 55%;
P
<0.001) and transferred patients (44%−48%;
P
=0.002). Despite regional variability, the greatest gains occurred among patients in the 5 most improved regions, increasing from 45% to 57% (direct EMS;
P
<0.001) and 38% to 50% (transfers;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

This Mission: Lifeline STEMI Systems Accelerator demonstration project represents the largest national effort to organize regional STEMI care. By focusing on first medical contact–to–device time, coordinated treatment protocols, and regional data collection and reporting, we were able to increase significantly the proportion of patients treated within guideline goals.
“The Sulṭān Says”: State Authority in the Late Ḥanafī Tradition
Authors: Ayoub Samy
Published: August 2016

This article investigates the impact of the state on the legal order through an examination of authoritative Ḥanafī legal works from the 17th and 18th centuries CE. By focusing on the madhhab and its juristic discourse, I challenge the reigning narrative in Islamic legal studies by demonstrating how late Ḥanafī jurists assigned value and authority to Ottoman state orders and edicts. This increasing state authority is reflected in the state’s ability to settle juristic disputes, to order jurists and judges to adopt specific opinions in their legal determinations, and to establish its orders as authoritative and final reference points. The incorporation of state orders within authoritative Ḥanafī legal commentaries, treatises, and fatwā collections was made possible by a turn in Ḥanafī legal culture that embraced the indispensability of the state in the law-making process.
Waiting for Hard Balancing?
Authors: Karim Moch Faisal , Chairil Tangguh
Published: August 2016

The continuity of stable peace in East Asia, especially Southeast Asia, since the end of the Cold War raises one major question: why is there no apparent balancing behaviour against China, the emerging great power in East Asia? In response to this question, exceptionalists argue that there will be no balancing behaviour against China from Southeast Asian states, while soft balancing theorists argue that the balancing behaviour has already occurred in the form of institutional balancing. This article refutes those arguments and maintains that balancing behaviour is not yet apparent in Southeast Asian balancing, yet it exists in an indirect form. In order to make this argument, this article examines the recent military build-up among Southeast Asian states as well as recent assessments of the ineffectiveness of the Southeast Asian regional security framework. The article also further analyses the conditions under which Southeast Asia’s indirect balancing might turn into hard balancing.
Zen, Mathematics, and Rāmānujan: Uncommon Links
Authors: Mitsuda Masato
Published: August 2016

For centuries, religion has been the main impulse for moral and humanistic advancement, and ever since the rise of the Scientific Revolution (from 1543, the year Copernicus published De revolutioni bus orbium coelestium [On the revolution of the celestial sphere] – to the late 18th century), mathematics has been the cardinal element for scientific and technological progress. Mathematics requires a logical mind, but religion demands a receptive and compassionate mind. Even though there is a fundamental difference between the two subjects, the aim of this essay is to explore the relationships between Zen, mathematics, and Rāmānujan. The first section expounds on Bodhidharma’s and Hui neng’s notions of “no mind” and the “essence of mind,” as they are deemed an important bridge between Zen and mathematics. The second section presents how mathematics and Zen Buddhism relate to each other. Accordingly, the views on intuition, imagination, freedom, and language based on Einstein, Cantor, Brouwer, Poincare, et al. are discussed. The third section discusses the work of the most renowned mathematician in modern India in relation to Zen Buddhism. Rāmānujan’s unparalleled accomplishment in the field of number theory is well known among mathematicians. However, he is not well presented in the philosophy of mathematics, because of his unusual approach to mathematics.
Values and Mathematics: Overt and Covert
Authors: Ernest Paul
Published: August 2016

This paper argues that mathematics is imbued with values reflecting its production from human imagination and dialogue. Epistemological, ontological, aesthetic and ethical values are specified, both overt and covert. Within the culture of mathematics, the overt values of truth, beauty, purity, universalism, objectivism, rationalism and utility are identified. In contrast, hidden within mathematics and its culture are the covert values of objectism and ethics, including the specific ethical values of separatism, openness, fairness and democracy. Some of these values emerge from a dialogical view of the nature of mathematics, and certainly from the dialogical nature of culture. It is acknowledged that the choice of certain perspectives, such as absolutism, lead to the appearance of mathematics as largely value-free through hiding value-assumptions behind the initial choice of philosophy. By uncovering the values of mathematics I show that it more closely resembles other components of human culture than is usually recognised.
The Tropical Air–Sea Propagation Study (TAPS)
Authors: Kulessa A. S. , Barrios A. , Claverie J. , Garrett S. , Haack T. , Hacker J. M. , Hansen H. J. , Horgan K. , Hurtaud Y. , Lemon C. , Marshall R. , McGregor J. , McMillan M. , Périard C. , Pourret V. , Price J. , Rogers L. T. , Short C. , Veasey M. , Wiss V. R.
Published: August 2016

The purpose of the Tropical Air–Sea Propagation Study (TAPS), which was conducted during November–December 2013, was to gather coordinated atmospheric and radio frequency (RF) data, offshore of northeastern Australia, in order to address the question of how well radio wave propagation can be predicted in a clear-air, tropical, littoral maritime environment. Spatiotemporal variations in vertical gradients of the conserved thermodynamic variables found in surface layers, mixing layers, and entrainment layers have the potential to bend or refract RF energy in directions that can either enhance or limit the intended function of an RF system. TAPS facilitated the collaboration of scientists and technologists from the United Kingdom, the United States, France, New Zealand, and Australia, bringing together expertise in boundary layer meteorology, mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP), and RF propagation. The focus of the study was on investigating for the first time in a tropical, littoral environment the i) refractivity structure in the marine and coastal inland boundary layers; ii) the spatial and temporal behavior of momentum, heat, and moisture fluxes; and iii) the ability of propagation models seeded with refractive index functions derived from blended NWP and surface-layer models to predict the propagation of radio wave signals of ultrahigh frequency (UHF; 300 MHz–3 GHz), super-high frequency (SHF; 3–30 GHz), and extremely high frequency (EHF; 30–300 GHz).

Coordinated atmospheric and RF measurements were made using a small research aircraft, slow-ascent radiosondes, lidar, flux towers, a kitesonde, and land-based transmitters. The use of a ship as an RF-receiving platform facilitated variable-range RF links extending to distances of 80 km from the mainland. Four high-resolution NWP forecasting systems were employed to characterize environmental variability. This paper provides an overview of the TAPS experimental design and field campaign, including a description of the unique data that were collected, preliminary findings, and the envisaged interpretation of the results.
Risk of dementia and death in community-dwelling older men with bipolar disorder
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. , McCaul Kieran , Hankey Graeme J. , Yeap Bu B. , Golledge Jonathan , Flicker Leon
Published: August 2016

Background

Bipolar disorder has been associated with cognitive decline, but confirmatory evidence from a community-derived sample of older people is lacking.

Aims

To investigate the 13-year risk of dementia and death in older adults with bipolar disorder.

Method

Cohort study of 37 768 men aged 65–85 years. Dementia (primary) and death (secondary), as recorded by electronic record linkage, were the outcomes of interest.

Results

Bipolar disorder was associated with increased adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of dementia (HR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.80–2.94). The risk of dementia was greatest among those with <5 years of history of bipolar disorder or who had had illness onset after 70 years of age. Bipolar disorder was also associated with increased mortality (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28–1.77). Competing risk regression showed that bipolar disorder was associated with increased hazard of death by suicide, accidents, pneumonia or influenza, and diseases of the liver and digestive system.

Conclusions

Bipolar disorder in later life is associated with increased risk of dementia and premature death.
Talking therapy groups on acute psychiatric wards: patients' experience of two structured group formats
Authors: Radcliffe Jonathan , Bird Laura
Published: August 2016

Aims and method

We report the results of a clinical audit of patients' reactions to two types of talking therapy groups facilitated by assistant psychologists and psychology graduates on three acute wards. Patients' experiences of problem-solving and interpersonal group formats were explored via focus groups and structured interviews with 29 group participants.

Results

Both group formats generated high satisfaction ratings, with benefits related mostly to generic factors.

Clinical implications

Adequately trained and supported assistant psychologists and psychology graduates can provide supportive talking groups that patients find helpful.
Suicide under crisis resolution home treatment – a key setting for patient safety
Authors: Hunt Isabelle M. , Appleby Louis , Kapur Nav
Published: August 2016

Recent years have seen a substantial increase in the use of crisis resolution home treatment (CRHT) teams as an alternative to psychiatric in-patient admission. We discuss the functions of these services and their effectiveness. Our research suggests high rates of suicide in patients under CRHT. Specific strategies need to be developed to improve patient safety in this setting.
Psychiatrists' understanding and use of psychological formulation: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Mohtashemi Roxanna , Stevens John , Jackson Paul G. , Weatherhead Stephen
Published: August 2016

Aims and method

To establish an initial conceptualisation of how psychiatrists understand and use formulation within adult psychiatry practice. Twelve psychiatrists took part in semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory methodology.

Results

Formulation was conceptualised as an addition to diagnosis, triggered by risk, complexity and a need for an enhanced understanding. Participants valued collaborative formulation with psychologists. Multiple contextual factors were perceived to either facilitate or inhibit the process. Barriers to formulation led to a disjointed way of working.

Clinical implications

Findings contribute to an understanding of formulation within psychiatry training and practice.
Opening the ‘black box’: liaison psychiatry services and what they actually do
Authors: Guthrie Elspeth , McMeekin Aaron , Thomasson Rachel , Khan Sylvia , Makin Sally , Shaw Ben , Longson Damien
Published: August 2016

Aims and method

To develop a simple, pragmatic typology to characterise the nature of liaison interventions delivered by a liaison service in a National Health Service setting. We carried out a retrospective electronic case-note review of referrals to a ward-based liaison psychiatry service.

Results

Three hundred and forty-four patients were referred to the service over a 12-month period. Ten different types of liaison interventions were identified, with the most common interventions being diagnosis (112 patients, 32.6%), medication management (57 patients, 16.6%), risk assessment and treatment (56 patients, 16.3% each). Mental Health Act work accounted for the greatest number of contacts per patient (median 7).

Clinical implications

There are inherent limitations in any single-site observational study, as site-specific results cannot be generalised to other liaison services. The intervention categories we developed, however, are easy to use and will provide a way of comparing and benchmarking the range of interventions delivered by different liaison psychiatry services.
The expansion of the Foundation Programme in psychiatry
Authors: Perry Jennifer , Boyle Ann , Wessely Simon
Published: August 2016

The Broadening the Foundation Programme report has led to an expansion in the number of psychiatry foundation placements. This change will have far-reaching benefits for foundation doctors doing psychiatry, no matter what their future career intentions. Doctors will develop a better understanding of mental illness, they will improve their communication skills and they will gain experience of working within multidisciplinary teams. Recruitment into psychiatry is also likely to improve. The Royal College of Psychiatrists is putting in place a number of measures to ensure that placements are of a high quality so that foundation doctors have a good experience of psychiatry.
Psychiatrists' use of formulation
Authors: Hughes Patricia M.
Published: August 2016

Both psychologists and psychiatrists are trained to write formulations of their patients' illnesses, with some differences in how they do this. Psychologists focus on psychological understanding, while psychiatrists' formulation brings together aetiology, functioning and a management plan. Mohtashemi et al's study records how some psychiatrists understand formulation and its usefulness. Time pressure was an important barrier to making a full formulation, and some believed the medical role of the psychiatrist was a priority. The study illustrates some of the challenges facing psychiatrists working in the NHS in terms of maintaining high clinical standards and a holistic approach to patient care.
Intelligent outcome measures in liaison psychiatry: essential even if not desirable
Authors: Tadros George
Published: August 2016

Service development is guided by outcome measures that inform service commissioners and providers. Those in liaison psychiatry should be encouraged to develop a positive approach that integrates the collection of outcome measures into everyday clinical practice. The Framework for Routine Outcome Measurement in Liaison Psychiatry (FROM-LP) is a very useful tool to measure service quality and clinical effectiveness, using a combination of clinician-rated and patient-rated outcome measures and patient-rated experience measures. However, it does not include measures of cost-effectiveness or training activities. The FROM-LP is a significant step towards developing nationally unified outcome measures.
Is Feminism a Trauma, a Bad Memory, or a Virtual Future?
Authors: Pollock Griselda
Published: August 2016

Reading the event of feminism as a trauma both to its societies and, as important, to its potential subject—feminists—this article mounts an argument against the iterated feminist memory of warring generations and succeeding waves. Citing Elizabeth Grosz on the constant need for new concepts that enable the heterogeneous actualization of feminism’s unharvested virtuality and Ewa Plonowska Ziarek’s rereading of suffragette thought as an aesthetic modernism articulating a radical right to revolt and to imagine an undefined feminist futurity, Pollock examines texts by Hannah Arendt, Anna Freud, and Bracha Ettinger to elucidate both de-Oedipalized and non-Oedipal modes of feminist transmission and the institutionalization of feminism. While displacing the familialization of feminism that acts out the daughter’s unrelieved “anxiety of influence” in a phallocentric culture structurally committed to mother-hating and mother-blaming, the article explores psychoanalytical foundations for the ethical questions of responsibility in the common but always historically differentiated struggle to incite and sustain the spaces of democratic subjectivities imagined beyond the paradigms of parents, children, and envious siblings.
Introduction
Authors: Makhulu Anne-Maria B.
Published: August 2016

Today in South Africa issues of political economy, including the land question, are necessarily coming face-to-face with a resurgent politics of difference informing long-standing histories of dispossession whose continuities with such politics of difference are frequently denied. Despite the country's “transition” to democracy a genuinely decolonial present has not, as yet, come into being. But from #Rhodes-MustFall to #FeesMustFall to the October 6, 2015, anti-outsourcing campaign there is a growing sense that the incompletion of the transition to democracy is being contested and that the interregnum is drawing to a close as something genuinely new is trying to be born.
“Then You Are a Man, My Son”
Authors: Graham Lucy
Published: August 2016

This essay examines a hypothetical supplement to Rudyard Kipling's famous poem “If—” scripted by the judge during the Jacob Zuma rape trial in 2006. It places this into conversation with State of Peril: Race and Rape in South African Literature (2012) and argues for the importance of interrogating specters of colonial patriarchy in South Africa's contemporary post–“rainbow nation” epoch. During the trial, Zuma invoked in his defense a certain masculine ideal of Zuluness, and the judge's invocation of Kipling similarly points to the ways in which nodes of masculinity and power in contemporary South Africa are deeply haunted by a colonial and apartheid-era past. On account of a history of brutal racism, various patriarchies have been at odds in this country, but they continue to work together in mutually constitutive ways, at the expense of black women, and with an even greater cost to queer black women.
Dystopian Futures, Apartheid, and Postapartheid Allegories
Authors: Hoad Neville
Published: August 2016

This essay analyzes Lauren Beukes's 2010 novel, Zoo City, as a complicated set of allegories of environmental disaster, HIV/AIDS, xenophobic violence, and contemporary African identity. It argues that Zoo City, as a speculative fiction of sorts, is deeply informed by South African history and particularly the history of Johannesburg in both the apartheid and postapartheid eras. The central conceit of the novel, the “animalled,” or “zoos,” marks a working through of the persistence of forms of stigmatization, violence, and exclusion in its present.
The Messy Career of Historicism
Authors: Di-Capua Yoav
Published: August 2016

How does the European historiographical apparatus, or historicism, translate to a non-European context such as that of India? Drawing on Dipesh Chakrabarty's work The Calling of History, this essay suggests that instead of providing a rigid definition of “non-European” historicism, we should attempt to salvage its Indian and non-European specificity. The dense correspondence that Chakrabarty uncovered allows us to examine the interpersonal and noninstitutional process by which Indian historiography emerged during the first half of the twentieth century. The Calling of History exposes how a set of balances, such as the one between “public” and “cloistered” life of the historical discipline, guaranteed the status of historical veracity as a major value. Reflecting on this process from a Middle Eastern standpoint, this essay argues that non-European historicism was so vulnerable that its collapse resulted in a chronic inability to access and process the past, thus ushering in a traumatic mode of ahistorical existence.
Effects of Deregulation and Consolidation of the Broadcast Television Industry
Authors: Stahl Jessica Calfee
Published: August 2016

This paper exploits deregulation in the 1990s to estimate viewership and revenue effects of consolidation in broadcast television, then finds cost effects that explain the ownership structure given viewership and revenue effects. Results suggest that consolidation greatly increased profitability in an industry with otherwise declining profitability. Groups with broader national coverage attract more advertising per station. Joint ownership of two stations within a market and network ownership both allow for significant cost savings. There is some evidence that within-market consolidation allows stations to achieve local market power. However, both within-market and across-market consolidation appear to have boosted viewership, on net. (JEL G32, L13, L25, L51, L82, L88)
Macroeconomic Effects of Bankruptcy and Foreclosure Policies
Authors: Mitman Kurt
Published: August 2016

I study the implications of two major debt-relief policies in the United States: the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA) and the Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP). To do so, I develop a model of housing and default that includes relevant dimensions of credit-market policy and captures rich heterogeneity in household balance sheets. The model also explains the observed cross-state variation in consumer default rates. I find that BAPCPA significantly reduced bankruptcy rates, but increased foreclosure rates when house prices fell. HARP reduced foreclosures by 1 percentage point and provided substantial welfare gains to households with high loan-to-value mortgages. (JEL D14, K35, R31)
Ostracism and Forgiveness
Authors: Ali S. Nageeb , Miller David A.
Published: August 2016

Many communities rely upon ostracism to enforce cooperation: if an individual shirks in one relationship, her innocent neighbors share information about her guilt in order to shun her, while continuing to cooperate among themselves. However, a strategic victim may herself prefer to shirk, rather than report her victimization truthfully. If guilty players are to be permanently ostracized, then such deviations are so tempting that cooperation in any relationship is bounded by what the partners could obtain through bilateral enforcement. Ostracism can improve upon bilateral enforcement if tempered by forgiveness, through which guilty players are eventually readmitted to cooperative society. (JEL C73, D83, D85, O17, Z13)
Modern Extraterrestrial and Nanotechnologies As Education Innovation Resource
Authors: Лобжанидзе  , Lobzhanidze N. , Подболотова  , Podbolotova M.
Published: August 2016

At present time native educational practice is aimed at developing of forms, educational models, contents of education from the perspective of future.

This factor obliges the teachers to apply innovation education resources, for example, modern extraterrestrial and nanotechnologies. The article

considers methodological aspects of the use of extraterrestrial and nanotechnologies in the system of additional education, based on their features

analysis. The article gives also methodological recommendations for the realization of innovation potential of extraterrestrial and nanotechnologies.
District nurses' role in managing medication dysphagia
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: August 2016

A survey commissioned by the Patients Association (2015) has shown that the risky practice of altering solid-form medication to assist patients with swallowing difficulties is a daily occurrence in care homes. District nurses and community matrons who provide care to patients and assist staff in care homes are well-placed to raise awareness of the impact that tampering with tablets has on patient safety. It is essential that district nurses and community matrons discharge their duty of care to patients in care homes by supporting effective medication management that meets the individual needs of those patients. This article considers the legal and professional standards that must inform a district nurse's support of medication management for a patient with swallowing difficulties residing in a care home.
Assessment of acute pain in cats: signs, tools and limitations
Authors: L White Kate
Published: August 2016

Recent advances in pain assessment in companion animals represent a tenacious, painstaking and time-consuming dedication to improving animal welfare. Attitudes and knowledge about pain assessment, particularly in cats, have changed dramatically in the past few decades, representing a very obvious shift to prioritising analgesia, which is important from an ethical and humane standpoint. Time for training and practising pain assessment must be created in the veterinary team, to ensure consistency for intervention and improving practice. Adopting pain assessment as one of the ‘vital signs’ in the hospitalised patient evaluation is a progressive and necessary step. Discussing pain assessment with cat owners, and providing resources about pain assessment, will optimise welfare, strengthen the human-animal bond and ultimately improve the client-practice relationship and reputation.