bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Adverse Effects of Perinatal Hypoxia on the Adult Pulmonary Circulation Vary Between Males and Females in a Murine Model
Authors: Peyter A-C , Muehlethaler V , Tolsa J-F
Published: November 2024

Adverse events during the perinatal period are associated with an increased risk to develop cardiometabolic diseases later in life. We established a murine model to study long-term effects of perinatal hypoxia (PH) on the pulmonary circulation. We previously demonstrated that PH led to an impaired regulation of pulmonary vascular tone in adulthood, linked to alterations in K+ channels in males and in the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in females. Moreover, simultaneous administration of inhaled NO (iNO) during PH exposure prevented adverse effects of PH on adult pulmonary vasculature in females. The present study showed that PH induced a significant increase in right ventricular pressure in males and females, and an enhanced sensitivity to acute hypoxia in females. PH significantly reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation in pulmonary artery, to a greater extent in females than in males. PH led to right ventricular hypertrophy in adulthood, appearing earlier in males than in females. Morphometric measurements showed a significant increase in the number of 25-75-µm pulmonary vessels in male lungs following PH, probably resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The effects of prolonged hypoxia in adulthood differed between males and females. Perinatal iNO during PH prevented PH-induced alterations in the cardiopulmonary system, whereas perinatal iNO alone could have some adverse effects. Therefore, PH led to long-lasting alterations in the regulation of adult pulmonary circulation, which vary between males and females. In males, the increased pulmonary vascular resistance was associated with morphological changes besides functional alterations, whereas females showed an important pulmonary vascular dysfunction.
Secondary prevention therapies following percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Planchat Arnaud , Gencer Baris , Degrauwe Sophie , Musayeb Yazan , Roffi Marco , Iglesias Juan F.
Published: November 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) promotes atherosclerosis, leading to increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diabetics represent a challenging subset of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or who have experienced an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a subset characterized by higher rates of recurrent ischemic events compared with non-diabetics. These events are caused by both patient-related accelerated atherosclerotic disease progression and worse stent-related adverse clinical outcomes translating into a higher risk for repeat revascularization. In addition, DM is paradoxically associated with an increased risk of major bleeding following PCI or an ACS. Secondary prevention therapies following PCI or an ACS in diabetic patients are therefore of paramount importance. This mini review focuses on the currently available evidence regarding short- and long-term secondary prevention treatments for diabetic patients undergoing PCI or who have experienced an ACS.
Innovations in qualifying exams: toward student-centered doctoral training
Authors: Davidson Adina O. , McLaughlin Jacqueline E. , Layton Rebekah L. , Brandt Patrick D. , Jarstfer Michael B.
Published: November 2024

The career paths of PhD scientists often deviate from their doctoral theses. As a result, the need to integrate student-centered career and professional development training is important to meet the needs of doctoral students. Qualifying exams (QEs) represent a significant milestone in progression toward graduation within most PhD Programs in the United States. These exams are commonly administered 2–3 years into a PhD program following the completion of coursework, with the primary objective of evaluating whether the candidate possesses the necessary knowledge and skills to progress with their dissertation research. To enhance the value of QEs and intentionally align them with the diverse career trajectories of our students, we explored the inclusion of student-centered assessments in a track with a Pharmaceutical Sciences PhD program. In this PhD program, one component of QEs is a series of monthly, written cumulative exams focused on recent scientific literature in the faculty and students’ discipline. To create a student-centered QE, the student and a faculty member collaborated to develop personalized assessments focused on career exploration and in alignment with individual student’s career goals. All students enrolled in the PhD track (n = 8) were invited to participate in a survey about their experience with the redesigned QE. A combination of Likert scale and short answer questions were collected; quantitative items were analyzed with descriptive statistics and qualitative items with thematic coding. A subset of survey participants (n = 5) participated in a focus group regarding their experience with both the Traditional Model QE and the redesigned Pilot Model QE. Two faculty interviews were conducted regarding the design, content, procedures, and evaluation of student QEs. The study design and analysis were grounded in the cognitive apprenticeship framework, with a focus on how the QEs were situated within the four domains of this framework: content, methods, sequencing, and sociology. Results revealed that this student-centered QE approach was perceived to be more aligned with student career aspirations and to have a high interest level and value for students without placing a substantial additional burden on participants. This suggests that it is a feasible mechanism for integrating student-centered assessment into QEs.
Family physicians’ knowledge, beliefs, and practices in promoting healthy lifestyles and weight management for obese patients in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alatawi Amirah M. , Alanazi Mansuor A. , Almohammadi Maram Ati
Published: November 2024

Background

Obesity is one of the most prevalent and relevant health problems in Saudi Arabia and requires urgent attention. Family physicians are the first point of contact and one of the most important starting points for the successful treatment of being overweight or obese.

Aim

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and practices of primary care physicians in promoting healthy lifestyles and physical activity among obese patients.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included family physicians who were board-certified or registered in a family medicine training program and working at government family healthcare centers in Tabuk. A predesigned structured questionnaire was distributed either in a printed form or as an online survey.

Results

The study included 83 family physicians. Of these, 84.1% agreed that overweight and obese patients should be screened for dyslipidemia, and 67.5% agreed to offer advice on weight control even if the patient did not ask for it, demonstrating what family medicine physicians thought of physical inactivity (97.6%). Assessment of the obesity counseling practices of family medicine physicians revealed that approximately three-fourths (75.9%) always calculated the body mass index (BMI) of patients during obesity management, while comprehensive counseling regarding physical activity was higher (81.9%). The system for providing educational materials as part of managing overweight or obesity was found to be inadequate as 25.3% had never done so. The family medicine physicians had sufficient knowledge and positive beliefs about obesity management but also improper counseling practices. A lack of training and poor patient compliance with management plans are the main barriers to controlling obesity levels.
Identification of early Alzheimer’s disease subclass and signature genes based on PANoptosis genes
Authors: Wang Wenxu , Lu Jincheng , Pan Ningyun , Zhang Huiying , Dai Jingcen , Li Jie , Chi Cheng , Zhang Liumei , Wang Liang , Zhang Mengying
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent forms of dementia globally and remains an incurable condition that often leads to death. PANoptosis represents an emerging paradigm in programmed cell death, integrating three critical processes: pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Studies have shown that apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis play important roles in AD development. Therefore, targeting PANoptosis genes might lead to novel therapeutic targets and clinically relevant therapeutic approaches. This study aims to identify different molecular subtypes of AD and potential drugs for treating AD based on PANoptosis.

Methods

Differentially expressed PANoptosis genes associated with AD were identified via Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE48350, GSE5281, and GSE122063. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was employed to construct a risk model linked to these PANoptosis genes. Consensus clustering analysis was conducted to define AD subtypes based on these genes. We further performed gene set variation analysis (GSVA), functional enrichment analysis, and immune cell infiltration analysis to investigate differences between the identified AD subtypes. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to identify hub genes, and the DGIdb database was consulted to identify potential therapeutic compounds targeting these hub genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was utilized to assess differences in gene expression at the cellular level across subtypes.

Results

A total of 24 differentially expressed PANoptosis genes (APANRGs) were identified in AD, leading to the classification of two distinct AD subgroups. The results indicate that these subgroups exhibit varying disease progression states, with the early subtype primarily linked to dysfunctional synaptic signaling. Furthermore, we identified hub genes from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two clusters and predicted 38 candidate drugs and compounds for early AD treatment based on these hub genes. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that key genes associated with the early subtype are predominantly expressed in neuronal cells, while the differential genes for the metabolic subtype are primarily found in endothelial cells and astrocytes.

Conclusion

In summary, we identified two subtypes, including the AD early synaptic abnormality subtype as well as the immune-metabolic subtype. Additionally, ten hub genes, SLC17A7, SNAP25, GAD1, SLC17A6, SLC32A1, PVALB, SYP, GRIN2A, SLC12A5, and SYN2, were identified as marker genes for the early subtype. These findings may provide valuable insights for the early diagnosis of AD and contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
Acute remote ischemic conditioning enhances (CD3+)- but not (FoxP3+)-T-cell invasion in the tumor center and increases IL 17 and TNF-alpha expression in a murine melanoma model
Authors: Rachunek-Medved Katarzyna , Krauß Sabrina , Daigeler Adrien , Adams Constantin , Eckert Franziska , Ganser Katrin , Gonzalez-Menendez Irene , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Kolbenschlag Jonas
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Hypoxia can drive tumor progression, suppress anti-tumor immunity, and reduce the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the impact of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) on tumor oxygenation (sO2) and the anti-tumor immune response.

Material and methods

Fourteen B16-Ova tumor-bearing C57BL/6N mice received six 5-minute RIC cycles, while another fourteen underwent anesthesia only. Pimonidazole was administered 1.5 hours before sacrifice. Blood flow, sO2, and hemoglobin levels were measured in the non-ischemic hind limb and tumor. Tumor hypoxia was assessed using pimonidazole and CA IX immunohistochemistry, and T cell infiltration by CD3 and FoxP3 staining. Serum levels of 23 cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex immunoassay.

Results

Isoflurane anesthesia caused a slight intraindividual increase in blood flow (p = 0.07) and sO2 (p = 0.06) of the hind limb and a sole increase in tumor sO2 (p = 0.035), whereas RIC improved sO2 of the tumor in relation to the hind limb (p=0.03). The median of the tumor oxygen saturation reached 51.4% in the control group and 62.7% in the RIC group (p = 0.09), exhibiting a slight tendency towards better oxygenation in the RIC group. Pimonidazole (p=0.24) and CA IX hypoxia score (p=0.48) did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two groups. In RIC-treated tumors, the number of CD3 (p=0.006), but not FoxP3- positive cells (p = 0.84), in the tumor core was significantly higher compared to the control group. In the RIC group, the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IL-17 was significantly higher (p=0.035), and TNF-α was trend-wise higher (p=0.063) compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Both isoflurane anesthesia and RIC have an impact on microcirculation. The application of RIC counteracted some of the effects of isoflurane, primarily in healthy tissue, and led to a significant improvement in relative tumor tissue oxygenation compared to the non-ischemic hind limb. RIC selectively enhanced immune infiltration within the tumor center, probably by previously activated tumor infiltrating T cells, while having no significant impact on T-regulatory cells. RIC appears to impact the cytokine profile, as indicated by elevated MFIs of TNF-α and IL-17.
Unravelling nutrient dynamics and mixed layer depth variability in the equatorial Atlantic: insights from 10°W meridional section monitoring
Authors: Kouame Kanga Désiré , N’Guessan Kouadio Benjamin , Kouassi Aka Marcel , Trokourey Albert , Ostrowski Marek , Brehmer Patrice
Published: November 2024

The ocean, a pivotal component of the Earth’s climate system, exerts a profound global influence through intricate physical and biological interactions within its surface layer. This interplay centers around the mixed layer (ML), integral for energy exchange driven by oceanic currents. An essential regulatory function of the ocean involves orchestrating the distribution of chemical elements, with nitrate assuming a pivotal role in oceanic primary production. Nutrient availability, a cornerstone of primary production, hinges on the mixed layer depth (MLD) dynamics, modulated by many mechanisms, including upwelling and convection. This study unravels the interplay between nutrient variability and MLD depth, focusing on the Gulf of Guinea (GG) region in the equatorial Atlantic. Characterization of the study area reveals distinctive sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), and current patterns. The South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC) and Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) play vital roles in surface nutrient transport. Nitrate distribution unveils latitudinal variations, exhibiting pronounced enrichment during boreal summer and winter. The equatorial region experiences a strengthening of MLDs from 10.5 to 35.33 m in summer, which increases the nitrate input from 0 to 2.06 mmol m-3 in the surface layers in the mixed layer. In contrast, boreal winters experience more intense MLDs that vary between 20.5 and 64.50 m, supporting high nitrate concentrations of 2.96 to 7.49 mmol m-3, challenging previous hypotheses. This equatorial enrichment is supported by low nitracline ranging from 5.47 to 46.19 m. Beyond the equator, the subequatorial and subtropical regions, despite the observed deepening of the ML, present low nitrate concentrations (less than 0.5 mmol m-3) with a nitracline that does not reach the ML. However, at 6°S and 9°S, a respective increase in nitrate content of 0.66 mmol m-3 and 1.2 mmol m-3 influenced by internal waves, advection and surface currents is observed. Temperature, salinity, and atmospheric fluxes shape nutrient distribution and primary production dynamics. These findings illuminate the intricate relationships between oceanographic processes, nutrient availability, and marine ecosystem productivity. A holistic understanding is crucial for sustainable resource management and fisheries in the equatorial Atlantic and beyond.
The causality between gut microbiota and endometriosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Hua
Published: November 2024

Background

Observational studies and animal experiments had suggested a potential relationship between gut microbiota abundance and pathogenesis of endometriosis (EMs), but the relevance of this relationship remains to be clarified.

Methods

We perform a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore whether there is a causal correlation between the abundance of the gut microbiota and EMs and the direction of causality. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data ukb-d-N80, finn-b-N14-EM, and MiBinGen were selected. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR Egger are selected for causal inference. The Cochran Q test, Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis are performed for sensitivity analyses.

Results

In the primary outcome, we find that a higher abundance of class Negativicutes, genus Dialister, genus Enterorhabdus, genus Eubacterium xylanophilum group, genus Methanobrevibacter and order Selenomonadales predict a higher risk of EMs, and a higher abundance of genus Coprococcus and genus Senegalimassilia predict a lower risk of EMs. During verifiable outcomes, we find that a higher abundance of phylum Cyanobacteria, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG002, and genus Coprococcus 3 predict a higher risk of EMs, and a higher abundance of genus Flavonifracto, genus Bifidobacterium, and genus Rikenellaceae RC9 predict a lower risk of EMs. In primary reverse MR analysis, we find that EMs predict a lower abundance of the genus Eubacterium fissicatena group, genus Prevotella7, genus Butyricicoccus, family Lactobacillaceae, and a higher abundance of genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009. In verifiable reverse MR analysis, we find that EMs predict a lower abundance of the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG004 and a higher abundance of the genus Howardella.

Conclusion

Our study implies a mutual causality between gut microbiota abundance and the pathogenesis of EMs, which may provide a novel direction for EMs diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, may promote future functional or clinical analysis.
Mycobacterium chelonae hand infection following acupuncture: a case report and literature review
Authors: Matic Sladjana , Teodosic Valerija , Zagorac Slavisa
Published: November 2024

Hand infection caused by atypical mycobacteria is an uncommon condition. We present a case of hand infection caused by Mycobacterium chelonae in a patient who had undergone acupuncture. The clinical features, treatment, and outcome are described. Biopsy and cultures are essential for the diagnosis because Mycobacterium chelonae is a rare cause of human infection and is difficult to diagnose unless suspected. The patient was successfully treated through a combination of surgical excision, debridement, and antimicrobial therapy. We also reviewed the available literature to summarize the experience related to this infectious entity.
Statin exposure and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ai-juan , Jiang Hai-yin , Jia Yong-hui
Published: November 2024

Background

While epidemiological studies have linked statin use to a reduced risk of advanced colorectal adenomas, its impact on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis to date has specifically examined this association. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available observational studies to investigate the risk of CRC associated with statin use in IBD patients.

Methods

We searched three databases for articles published in English before September 2024, focusing on the protective effects of statins against CRC in IBD patients. We calculated multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess this association. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using the generic inverse variance method.

Results

The meta-analysis included 4 studies encompassing 22,250 IBD patients, 6,712 of whom were statin users. The methodological quality of three of the studies was deemed high. We found a significantly lower risk of CRC in statin users compared to non-users, with a pooled relative risk of 1.88 (95% CI 1.54–2.30). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the consistency of these findings.

Conclusion

Statin use appears to be associated with a reduced risk of CRC in patients with IBD. However, given the limited number of studies available, further prospective research with large sample size is necessary to confirm the potential chemopreventive role of statins in this population.
The metabolic characteristics and environmental adaptations of the intertidal bacterium Palleronia sp. LCG004
Authors: Wang Zekai , Wang Jiahua , Yu Xi , Zhang Hongcai , Liu Jie , Cao Junwei , Fang Jiasong , Song Zengfu , Zhang Li
Published: November 2024

The intertidal zone, a dynamic interface of marine, atmospheric, and terrestrial ecosystems, exposes microorganisms to rapid shifts in temperature, salinity, and oxidative stress. Strain LCG004, representing a novel Palleronia species, was isolated from the Lu Chao Harbor’s intertidal seawater in the Western Pacific Ocean. The genome of the organism reveals its metabolic versatility, enabling the utilization of various organic substrates—ranging from organic acids, amino acids, to sugars, and encompassing complex carbohydrates—as well as adept handling of inorganic nutrients, thereby highlighting its significant role in the cycling of nutrients. The strain is equipped with multiple osmoprotectant transporters, deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase, and a comprehensive antioxidant defense system, featuring with multiple catalases, peroxidases, and superoxide dismutases, enabling it to withstand ever-changing environmental conditions, UV radiation, and oxidative challenges. Notably, LCG004 exhibited enhanced growth and cell aggregation under oligotrophic conditions, promoted by light exposure, underscoring the significant influence of light on its morphological and physiological attributes. This study elucidates strain LCG004’s metabolic characteristics and ecological potential, and offers insights into its contributions to biogeochemical cycles and survival strategies in one of nature’s most fluctuating environments.
Green synthesis of nanoparticles using medicinal plants as an eco-friendly and therapeutic potential approach for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review
Authors: Izadi Rezvan , Bahramikia Seifollah , Akbari Vali
Published: November 2024

Central nervous system disorders impact over 1.5 billion individuals globally, with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases being particularly prominent. These conditions, often associated with aging, present debilitating symptoms including memory loss and movement difficulties. The growing incidence of neurological disorders, alongside a scarcity of effective anti-amyloidogenic therapies, highlights an urgent need for innovative treatment methodologies. Nanoparticles (NPs), derived from medicinal plants and characterized by their favorable pharmacological properties and minimal side effects, offer a promising solution. Their inherent attributes allow for successful traversal of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), enabling targeted delivery to the brain and the modulation of specific molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration. NPs are crucial in managing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation in ND. This study reviews the efficacy of green-synthesized nanoparticles in conjunction with various medicinal plants for treating neurodegenerative diseases, advocating for further research to refine these formulations for enhanced clinical applicability and improved patient outcomes.
Effects of bottom-up and top-down attentional processes on change blindness for COVID-related stimuli: influence of heart rate variability
Authors: Favieri Francesca , Troisi Giovanna , Forte Giuseppe , Corbo Ilaria , Marselli Giulia , Blasutto Barbara , Ponce Renato , Di Pace Enrico , Langher Viviana , Tambelli Renata , Casagrande Maria
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Top-down mechanisms that regulate attentional control are influenced by task demands and individuals’ goals, while bottom-up processes are influenced by salient stimuli. Analogous networks are involved in both processes (e.g., frontostriatal areas). However, they are affected differently by the emotional salience of stimuli, which determines the allocation of attention. This study aims to determine whether the recent pandemic experience continues to exert an influence on cognitive processes. To this end, the study will determine attentional biases toward pandemic-related stimuli compared to negative and neutral stimuli. Furthermore, the study will investigate whether pandemic-related stimuli influence top-down and bottom-up attentional processes and whether the latter affect autonomic control as indexed by Heart Rate Variability (HRV).

Methods

Ninety-six undergraduate students completed a Flicker Task with stimuli categorized by emotional valence (neutral, negative non-COVID, negative COVID-related). This paradigm involves the presentation of two different pictures, which are identical except for a specific detail. The task required to detect the specific detail that has been changed. Given that the task employs images of natural scenes, participants tend to focus more on specific areas of the scene than others. As a result, changes in central interest (CI) areas are detected more rapidly than changes in marginal interest (MI) areas. Participants’ response times (RTs) at the task and their HRV data were used to assess attentional performance and the associated autonomic nervous system activity.

Results

The results indicate slower responses to COVID-related stimuli than negative and neutral stimuli for both CI and MI changes, requiring the involvement of bottom-up (CI changes) and top-down (MI changes) processes. The HRV was associated with a slower detection of CI changes in COVID-related scenes.

Discussion

These findings highlight the intricate interplay between emotional salience, attentional mechanisms, and physiological responses to threatening stimuli. Contextual factors, particularly those related to pandemic-related stress, influence attentional processing and its relationship with autonomic activity.
Regulation of adult neurogenesis: the crucial role of astrocytic mitochondria
Authors: Liu Danping , Guo Pei , Wang Yi , Li Weihong
Published: November 2024

Neurogenesis has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for central nervous system disorders. The role of neuronal mitochondria in neurogenesis is well-studied, however, recent evidence underscores the critical role of astrocytic mitochondrial function in regulating neurogenesis and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This review highlights the regulatory effects of astrocyte mitochondria on neurogenesis, focusing on metabolic support, calcium homeostasis, and the secretion of neurotrophic factors. The effect of astrocytic mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology and treatment strategies of Alzheimer’s disease and depression is discussed. Greater attention is needed to investigate the mitochondrial autophagy, dynamics, biogenesis, and energy metabolism in neurogenesis. Targeting astrocyte mitochondria presents a potential therapeutic strategy for enhancing neural regeneration.
EURAD state-of-the-art report on the understanding of radionuclide retention and transport in clay and crystalline rocks
Authors: Maes Norbert , Churakov Sergey , Glaus Martin , Baeyens Bart , Dähn Rainer , Grangeon Sylvain , Charlet Laurent , Brandt Felix , Poonoosamy Jenna , Hoving Alwina , Havlova Vaclava , Fischer Cornelius , Noseck Ulrich , Britz Susan , Siitari-Kauppi Marja , Li Xiaodong , Fabritius Otto , Missana Tiziana
Published: November 2024

After isolation of radioactive waste in deep geological formations, radionuclides can enter the biosphere via slow migration through engineered barriers and host rocks. The amount of radionuclides that migrate into the biosphere depends on the distance from a repository, dominant transport mechanism (diffusion vs. advection), and interaction of dissolved radionuclides with minerals present in the host rock and engineered barrier systems. Within the framework of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 EURAD project (https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/), a series of state-of-the-art reports, which form the basis of a series of papers, have been drafted. This state-of-the-art paper aims to provide non-specialists with a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the processes contributing to the radionuclide retention and migration in clay and crystalline host rocks, in a European context. For each process, a brief theoretical background is provided, together with current methodologies used to study these processes as well as references for key data. Owing to innovative research on retention and migration and the extensive knowledge obtained over decades (in the European context), process understanding and insights are continuously improving, prompting the adaptation and refinement of conceptual descriptions regarding safety assessments. Nevertheless, there remains important research questions to be investigated in the future.
The relationships of serum vitamin D concentration with linear speed and change of direction performance in soccer players
Authors: Michalczyk M. M. , Kałuża M. , Zydek G. , Roczniok R. , Golas A.
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to establish whether the level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in serum has an influence on speed (m/s) and change of direction (COD, s) performance. Twenty male soccer players from the top league participated in the study. All subjects were evaluated for the serum concentration of 25(OH)D at the beginning of the preseason. The linear sprint test was performed at 5 m and 30 m, and COD (time and deficit) at the beginning (BPP) and after (APP) 6 weeks of the preparatory period. The results revealed that 20% of soccer players had a significant deficiency of 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) and 30% had insufficient 25(OH)D levels (between 20 and 30 ng/mL). Positive correlations were found between the training effect for the ∆COD (BPP-APP) (p = 0.003) and ∆deficit (BPP-APP) (p = 0.039). Significant differences were noticed for the ∆COD (m = 0.60 [s]) and ∆deficit (m = 0.56[s]) in the soccer players whose 25(OH)D concentration was <=30 ng/mL, and for the ∆COD (p = 0.002) and ∆deficit (p = 0.017) in the soccer players whose 25(OH)D concentration was >30 ng/mL. The training effect was significantly higher for the soccer players whose 25(OH)D concentration was above 30 ng/mL. Soccer players with higher 25(OH)D levels achieved superior results in the COD test and demonstrated better deficit outcomes, affirming the positive influence of 25(OH)D on muscle metabolism.
Use of NSAIDs and acetaminophen and risk of spontaneous intestinal perforations in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hudson Jo-Anna B. J. , Shabbir Wardha , Hayawi Lamia M. , Chan Monica Lik Man , Barrowman Nicholas , Sikora Lindsey , Ferretti Emanuela
Published: November 2024

Background

Acquired spontaneous intestinal perforation or SIP occurs most commonly in the extremely premature infant population. As the incidence is rising, understanding modifiable factors such as common medication exposures becomes important for individualizing care.

Methods

The primary outcome was SIP in premature infants with exposure to indomethacin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen. The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Cochrane methodology and PRISMA guidelines.

Results

The point estimates of three RCTs showed an increase in the risk of SIP with indomethacin exposure compared to no medication, the pooled estimate was not statistically significant. There is no statistically significant association between the risk of SIP for indomethacin with treatment use over prophylactic use and when holding feeds. Ibuprofen conferred less risk than indomethacin, and its route of administration did not alter the risk profile. There was not enough evidence to draw conclusions about the risk of SIP and acetaminophen exposure.

Conclusion

In studies of infants exposed to either indomethacin or ibuprofen in the last 40 years, the incidence of SIP is still commonly within 2–8%. Moving forward modifiable factors such as medication exposure will help guide care to minimize risk where possible.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42017058603).
Role of TIR1/AFB family genes during grafting in Carya cathayensis
Authors: Mei Jiaqi , Tang Xiaoyu , Gu Yujie , Lu Huijie , Yang Ying , Shen Qinyuan , Yang Lingwei , Li Bei , Zuo Jianfang , Singh Vijay Pratap , Sharma Anket , Yuan Huwei , Zheng Bingsong
Published: November 2024

Auxins play significant roles in plant growth and development. The transporter inhibitor response1/auxin signaling F-box (TIR1/AFB) gene family encodes the auxin receptor proteins and plays an essential role in the auxin signaling pathway. Here we identified and characterized the TIR1/AFB family in Carya cathayensis (Cc) plants (named as CcTIR1/AFB). Seven CcTIR1/AFBs were identified and further confirmed by cloning. All proteins encoded by these genes conservatively contained two domains, the F-box and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. The CcTIR1/AFBs were located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that CcTIR1/AFBs were evenly scattered in four different subgroups. The cis-acting element analysis indicates that CcTIR1/AFBs might be activated by auxin. The spatial and temporal expression of CcTIR1/AFBs during grafting suggested that both CcAFB1 and CcAFB2 in scions and CcAFB4 in the rootstocks were significantly upregulated at 3 days after grafting, which indicated the specialization of three CcAFBs during grafting. The Y2H assay indicated that three CcAFBs were capable of interacting with CcIAA16, CcIAA27b, and CcIAA29a, among which CcAFB4 interacted strongly with CcIAA1 and CcIAA16. Our study provides the opportunity to understand the potential role of not only CcTIR1/AFBs but also special CcAFBs (CcAFB1, CcAFB2, and CcAFB4), which is a great aspect to further explore the molecular mechanism during the grafting process.
Perceived social support and deviant behavior of new street corner youth on campus: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Chi Hong , Fan Linlin , Meng Weijie
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The current study aimed to examine the moderated mediation between perceived social support, the deviant behavior of new street corner youth on campus (NSCYC), interpersonal needs (as a mediator), and meaning in life (as a moderator).

Methods

A total of 596 new street corner youth on campus were investigated using the Deviant Behavior Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and Meaning in Life Questionnaire.

Results

The findings showed that: (1) perceived social support significantly and negatively predicted deviant behavior; (2) interpersonal needs mediated the association between perceived social support and deviant behavior; and (3) a moderated mediating role of perceived social support influencing deviant behavior was established, with meaning in life regulating both the direct and the first half paths of the model.

Discussion

These findings offer important insights into the factors influencing the deviant behavior of NSCYC. They highlight the role of perceived social support, interpersonal needs, and meaning in life, and suggesting intervention points to mitigate deviant behaviors of NSCYC.
Self-perceived physical fitness as a moderating variable in the relationship between motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept in school-age physical education students
Authors: Galán-Arroyo Carmen , Mayordomo-Pinilla Noelia , Castillo-Paredes Antonio , Rojo-Ramos Jorge
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The increasing prevalence of mental health disorders has elicited significant concern within society, particularly among adolescents who are disproportionately affected by this concerning trend. Consequently, institutions are seeking efficacious and cost-effective interventions to address this situation, while the scientific community has identified physical activity as a potential means to mitigate this epidemic. Motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept have been demonstrated to confer benefits to the mental health of young individuals, comparable to those of physical fitness. These aspects not only influence physical health but also the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals, contributing to a better overall quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the moderating role of self-perceived physical fitness in motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept, in high school physical education students.

Methods

To this end, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to identify the non-normality of the data and the Mann–Whitney U test to determine the differences by sex in the variables studied to subsequently perform a moderation analysis and a regression test for the physical self-concept prediction model.

Results

The results showed that self-perceived physical fitness positively moderated the relationship motor self-efficacy and physical self-concept, enhancing the positive effect size of self-efficacy on physical self-concept.

Conclusion

Thus, self-perceived physical fitness could be important in interventions aimed at improving physical and emotional well-being and health of adolescents.
Predicting psychiatric risk: IgG N-glycosylation traits as biomarkers for mental health
Authors: Lv Yinchun , Chen Yulin , Li Xue , Huang Qiaorong , Lu Ran , Ye Junman , Meng Wentong , Fan Chuanwen , Mo Xianming
Published: November 2024

Background

Growing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation, resulting from intricate immune system interactions, significantly contributes to the onset of psychiatric disorders. Observational studies have identified a link between immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation and various psychiatric conditions, but the causality of these associations remains unclear.

Methods

Genetic variants for IgG N-glycosylation traits and psychiatric disorders were obtained from published genome-wide association studies. The inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger, and weighted median were used to estimate causal effects. The Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analyses, and MR-PRESSO global test were used for sensitivity analyses.

Results

In the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) database, genetically predicted IGP7 showed a protective role in schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BIP), while elevated IGP34, and IGP57 increased SCZ risk. High levels of IGP21 were associated with an increased risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while elevated levels of IGP22 exhibited a causal association with a decreased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). No causal relationship between IgG N-glycan traits and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and no evidence of reverse causal associations was found.

Conclusion

Here, we demonstrate that IgG N-glycan traits have a causal relationship with psychiatric disorders, especially IGP7’s protective role, offering new insights into their pathogenesis. Our findings suggest potential strategies for predicting and intervening in psychiatric disorder risk through IgG N-glycan traits.
Innovating health prevention models in detecting infectious disease outbreaks through social media data: an umbrella review of the evidence
Authors: Giancotti Monica , Lopreite Milena , Mauro Marianna , Puliga Michelangelo
Published: November 2024

Introduction and objective

The number of literature reviews examining the use of social media in detecting emerging infectious diseases has recently experienced an unprecedented growth. Yet, a higher-level integration of the evidence is still lacking. This study aimed to synthesize existing systematic literature reviews published on this topic, offering an overview that can help policymakers and public health authorities to select appropriate policies and guidelines.

Methods

We conducted an umbrella review: a review of systematic reviews published between 2011 and 2023 following the PRISMA statement guidelines. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021254568). As part of the search strategy, three database searches were conducted, specifically in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The quality of the included reviews was determined using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2.

Results

Synthesis included 32 systematic reviews and 3,704 primary studies that investigated how the social media listening could improve the healthcare system’s efficiency in terms of a timely response to treat epidemic situations. Most of the included systematic reviews concluded showing positive outcomes when using social media data for infectious disease surveillance.

Conclusion

Systematic reviews showed the important role of social media in predicting and detecting disease outbreaks, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality through swift public health action. The policy interventions strongly benefit from the continued use of online data in public health surveillance systems because they can help in recognizing important patterns for disease surveillance and significantly improve the disease prediction abilities of the traditional surveillance systems.

Systematic Review Registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier [CRD42021254568].
Virtual reality cognitive remediation tool for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol for a feasibility randomized clinical trial
Authors: Perra Alessandra , Primavera Diego , Leonetti Valerio , Montisci Roberta , Carta Daniele , Lorrai Giulia , Locci Aurora , Chessa Luchino , Scuteri Angelo , Cossu Giulia , Nardi Antonio Egidio , Valmaggia Lucia , Galetti Alessia , De Lorenzo Valerio , Sancassiani Federica , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Introduction

With the growing older adult population, the European Union emphasizes the need to promote research in healthy aging trough multidisciplinary and innovative approaches, including the integration of advanced technologies like virtual reality (VR) in cognitive rehabilitation. This reflects the increasing awareness of the importance of addressing challenges related to neurodegenerative diseases in the older adult population. Our study aims to present a protocol that will assess the feasibility and provide a preliminary measure of effectiveness for an intervention using immersive CR technology for cognitive remediation (CR) in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Methods

A feasibility randomized controlled clinical study will involve 30 individuals who are over 65 years old, both sex, who meet the diagnostic criteria for MCI from the University Hospital of Cagliari, randomly assigned to either the experimental condition or control group. Both groups will continue to receive standard pharmacological therapy. The experimental group will undergo a 3-months cognitive remediation program using fully immersive VR with two sessions per week. Each session will last a maximum of 60 min and will be supervised by expert health professionals. In contrast, the control group will continue with standard care. The intervention program will be carried out by s psychiatric rehabilitation technicians and speech therapists, emphasizing a comprehensive framework aligned with healthcare needs. Feasibility will be assessed based on tolerability, including dropout rates and acceptability, which considers the proportion of recruited participants among those considered eligible and on side effects and level of satisfaction. The preliminary measures of effectiveness will be evaluated on quality of life, cognitive functions, biological and social rhythms, depressive symptoms and anxiety.

Results

The trial findings will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals and shared at international meetings and conferences.

Discussion

This study aiming to assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a fully immersive VR/CR program for MCI in order to give data for a subsequent confirmatory trial. The results of the pilot RCT are expected to significantly contribute to research on the prevention of neurocognitive degeneration, with a specific emphasis on enhancing the application of technologies. The strengths of this work are the high technological innovation program for mental health treatments for healthy aging and multidisciplinary approach emphasizing a holistic framework aligned with health needs.
Association between cardiovascular health and human papillomavirus infection: analysis from NHANES 2005–2016
Authors: Li Meng , Song Meiying
Published: November 2024

Background

Given the strong association between cardiovascular disease and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, this study aimed to assess the correlation between HPV infection and cardiovascular health (CVH) as represented by the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score.

Methods

This study employed analysis of data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey covering the period from 2005 to 2016. To examine the correlation between the CVH score and both HPV and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections, this research utilized a combination of multivariable regression analysis, smooth curve fitting, and subgroup analysis, following adjustment for pertinent covariates.

Results

This study included a total of 8,264 women, with an average age of 39.53 ± 11.24 years. The HPV prevalence was 43.43% overall, while the HR-HPV prevalence was 17.36%. In the fully adjusted model, an augmentation of 10 points in the CVH score correlated with an 8% reduction in the HPV infection rate [0.92 (0.88–0.96)], and a similar 8% decrease in the HR-HPV infection rate [0.92 (0.87–0.97)].

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that elevated CVH, as denoted by higher LE8 scores, correlates with a decreased of HPV infection rate among U.S. females. The LE8 score shows potential as a shared predictive biomarker for both CVH and HPV infection.
Accuracy improvement in financial sanction screening: is natural language processing the solution?
Authors: Kim Seihee , Yang ShengYun
Published: November 2024

Sanction screening is a crucial banking compliance process that protects financial institutions from inadvertently engaging with internationally sanctioned individuals or organizations. Given the severe consequences, including financial crime risks and potential loss of banking licenses, effective execution is essential. One of the major challenges in this process is balancing the high rate of false positives, which exceed 90% and lead to inefficiencies due to increased human oversight, with the more critical issue of false negatives, which pose severe regulatory and financial risks by allowing sanctioned entities to go undetected. This study explores the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to enhance the accuracy of sanction screening, with a particular focus on reducing false negatives. Using an experimental approach, we evaluated a prototype NLP program on a dataset of sanctioned entities and transactions, assessing its performance in minimising false negatives and understanding its effect on false positives. Our findings demonstrate that while NLP significantly improves sensitivity by detecting more true positives, it also increases false positives, resulting in a trade-off between improved detection and reduced overall accuracy. Given the heightened risks associated with false negatives, this research emphasizes the importance of prioritizing their reduction. The study provides practical insights into how NLP can enhance sanction screening, while recognizing the need for ongoing adaptation to the dynamic nature of the field.