bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the combined method of air-plasma flows and NO-therapy on the blood system parameters in treatment of infectious wound complications in cardiac surgery
Authors: Kuznetsov M. S. , Nasrashvili G. G. , Panfilov D. S. , Kozhanov R. S. , Pryakhin A. S. , Shipulin V. M. , Kozlov B. N.
Published: July 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) is a universal biological mediator that has a multifaceted effect on physiological and pathological processes in various organs and systems of the body. It is known that NO-therapy is a powerful stimulator of a positive effect on the course of the wound process, especially in complicated wounds.Objective: to evaluate the use of the combined effect of NO-containing air-plasma flows on the parameters of the blood system in the treatment of infectious wound complications in cardiac surgery patients.Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients were included in the study: 31 (52%) men and 29 (48%) women aged 29 to 79 years (mean 63.67 ± 7.6 years). All patients were divided into two groups: Group I – 30 patients who received treatment for sternomediastinitis using a combined exposure to air-plasma flow and exogenous nitric oxide; Group II – 30 patients who were treated for sternomediastinitis according to the clinical guidelines for the surgical treatment of patients with postoperative mediastinitis and osteomyelitis of the sternum and ribs.Results. The use of the combined effect of NO-containing air-plasma flows for the treatment of sternomediastinitis is accompanied by a decrease in the level of acute phase proteins already by 3 days, normalization of leukocytes and neutrophils by 10 days after the start of therapy, and prevents hyperaggregation and spontaneous aggregation of platelets.Conclusion. The use of the combined method of low-temperature plasma and exogenous nitrogen monoxide in the local treatment of infectious wound complications after cardiac surgery is justified and effective. No reliable confirmation of the cytotoxic effect of exogenous nitric oxide in the applied dosage on the elements of red blood was found in this study
Surgical treatment of the parieto-occipital region extensive scalped wound
Authors: Mitish V. А. , Medinsky P. V. , Bagaev V. G.
Published: July 2021

In the presented clinical case, we consider the surgical treatment of a 9-year-old girl with an extensive post-traumatic scalp wound in the parieto-occipital region resulting from hair getting into the moving mechanism of a go-kart car and incomplete separation of the scalp in the parieto-occipital region of the head. The early postoperative period (surgical treatment with primary wound closure) was complicated by the development of skin necrosis. An extensive wound defect in the soft tissues of the scalp (up to 150 cm2) was replaced with local related tissues. For this, various methods of plastic surgery were used in different areas of the wound defect: plastic surgery with local tissues, replacement of the defect with a rotated fascio-cutaneous flap and plastic surgery with local tissues using the dosed stretching method. The combined use of these methods made it possible to completely restore full-fledged soft tissues and hair of the injured parieto-occipital region.
Estenose traqueal pós-ventilação mecânica em pacientes acometidos pela Covid-19: evento isolado ou complicação direta?
Authors: Andrade Pedro Duarte Moreira , Rabelo Ana Luiza Faria , Carminate Camila Baquieti , Maziero Camilla de Freitas , Cunha Gabriel Calafange , Silveira Ian Martins da , Almeida Larissa Mariani Rezende , Assis Layandra Vittória de , Silva Silvia Aparecida de Oliveira Nascimento , Assis Layara de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Identificar se a origem da estenose laringotraqueal pós-intubação (PILS) é uma complicação direta da covid-19 ou se acontece em pacientes em eventos isolados/raros. Revisão bibliográfica: Os resultados apresentados na literatura demonstram que existe a associação direta da PILS em pacientes com COVID-19, principalmente naqueles que ficam um longo período em intubação orotraqueal (IOT) e nos que possuem alguma comorbidade prévia, como Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, Diabetes, Asma ou alguma outra síndrome respiratória. Considerações finais: Este estudo demonstrou que a estenose de traqueia pós-intubação é uma complicação menos comum, mas que ocorre, em pacientes com COVID-19, principalmente nos susceptíveis e que ficam mais de 3 semanas em ventilação mecânica. Além disso, um bom trabalho em equipe nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs), entre os clínicos gerais, médicos de pronto-socorro e outros profissionais médicos é fundamental para direcionar esses pacientes aos cuidados de um centro terciário com experiência adequada no campo da cirurgia das vias aéreas, melhorando o prognóstico do paciente.
La función notarial en las sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional
Authors: Arias Montoya Oswaldo
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo revisa siete sentencias del Tribunal Constitucional que establecen criterios regulatorios de la función notarial en el Perú. Entre los aspectos tratados por el órgano supremo de la jurisdicción constitucional, están los referidos al acceso a la información pública custodiada por el notario, la conducta ejemplar del notario en la defensa de sus derechos, los límites a la adopción de extranjeros tramitada ante notario, la función del notario en materia de certificación de autenticidad de reproducciones, la custodia y conservación del protocolo, la responsabilidad del notario en los casos de fraudes documentarios y suplantaciones de identidad, y la relación entre la autoridad estatal y la libertad gremial de los notarios.
Investigar o no investigar. Pautas para elaborar una tesis de Derecho
Authors: Rojas Ulloa Milushka
Published: July 2021

Nuestro derecho ha sido en gran medida el resultado de un cúmulo de aportes del derecho extranjero; por tanto, es el momento de darle a la investigación en derecho el sitial que le corresponde dentro del ordenamiento jurídico nacional. Por ello, abordaremos qué es la investigación jurídica, cómo se inicia la investigación, cuáles son las pautas para encontrar el problema por investigar y cómo se determina la estructura de la tesis a partir del desarrollo de lineamientos generales para elaborarla. De este modo, se llega a comprender la importancia del aporte del investigador al desarrollo del derecho nacional. Si bien este artículo pretende que los graduados consigan el objetivo final y no se queden solo en el intento, consideramos que el presente aporte es el primero de cara a algunas preguntas que se nos presentan cuando pensamos en hacer investigación.
Resolución arbitral extra petita poslaudo: ¿protestar en sede arbitral o judicial?
Authors: Martel Chang Rolando A.
Published: July 2021

Quienes litigan en el arbitraje esperan que el tribunal arbitral resuelva el fondo de la controversia, lo que según la ley de la materia (Decreto Legislativo N.° 1071) se concretiza con la emisión del laudo. No obstante, la propia ley prevé una serie de solicitudes poslaudo que deben ser resueltas por el mismo tribunal arbitral que emitió el primero. Una de esas solicitudes es la de exclusión del laudo, que procede cuando se ha resuelto un extremo que no ha sido sometido a conocimiento del tribunal o que no es susceptible de arbitraje. Sin embargo, ¿qué ocurre cuando el supuesto de exclusión no se ubica en el laudo, sino en la resolución estimatoria poslaudo que resuelve alguna de las solicitudes? El tema es materia de este trabajo. De hecho, en la casuística judicial sobre anulación de laudos se han presentado demandas bajo este supuesto, que —como se dijo— no tiene regulación específica en la ley de la materia, y por eso consideramos necesario su abordaje, atendiendo a la importancia del arbitraje y sobre todo al derecho a la tutela efectiva que les asiste a los litigantes.
Entendiendo los conceptos constitucionales de libre iniciativa privada y economía social de mercado
Authors: Velarde Koechlin Luis Felipe
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo busca explicar, de manera sencilla y graficando en forma general, la adecuada aplicación del concepto de libre iniciativa privada, junto con el de economía social de mercado, los cuales fueron recogidos por los principios generales del régimen económico de la Constitución Política del Perú de 1993. Se explican los efectos de un libre mercado complementado con el modelo de justicia social y los alcances de la intervención (o no) del Estado, a fin de conseguir un mejor precio y calidad de producto a favor de los consumidores o usuarios de los bienes y servicios. Así es posible velar por los intereses de estos últimos y equilibrar la asimetría de información entre la oferta y la demanda. Asimismo, se añade una explicación sobre los principios de libertad de empresa y libertad de trabajo, pluralismo económico, principio de subsidiariedad, libre competencia, protección al consumidor, libertad de contratar y libre tenencia de moneda (divisas).
La negociación en tiempos del COVID-19
Authors: García Ascencios Frank
Published: July 2021

Sobre la base de los conceptos de negociar y regatear, el artículo discute la afirmación de que “diariamente negociamos”. En tal escenario, se pretende mostrar el traslado de una negociación por posiciones a una por intereses, en la línea del Harvard Negotiation Project, a fin de distinguir en el proceso de negociación entre las personas y el problema. De esta manera, se pueden plantear opciones de beneficio mutuo, centrándose en criterios objetivos para ganar en resultados y empatía. El actual contexto del COVID-19, y el entorno de tecnología que urge y supedita, muestra con mayor claridad la necesidad de contar con nuevas habilidades digitales para abordar una negociación. De igual modo, en la conciliación extrajudicial, el conciliador tiene como reto adecuarse al uso de la plataforma virtual y propender al desarrollo de estas habilidades digitales, dentro de un contexto sancionador por parte del Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos.
Un proceso de reforma política ad portas del Bicentenario
Authors: Tello Alfaro José Andrés
Published: July 2021

Nuestro país afronta hoy en día el primer proceso de reforma política en lo que va del siglo xxi. A diferencia del precedente más cercano (en la década de los noventa), este proceso ahora se da dentro de un Estado de derecho, que a su vez comulga con esta frágil democracia peruana que, en rigor, se identifica con el prototipo de democracia imperfecta latinoamericana. Con esta reforma se persigue una mayor institucionalidad de nuestro precario sistema político. En ese sentido, hemos experimentado tres olas reformistas en lo que va del 2016 al 2020. Dos de estas tienen un origen institucional (comisiones de trabajo creadas especialmente desde el Parlamento y el Poder Ejecutivo para tratar el tema de la reforma) y la tercera proviene de una iniciativa no institucional (propuestas de reformas constitucionales presentadas por el expresidente Martín Vizcarra en julio del 2018). No obstante, quedan algunas dudas sobre su aplicación en el futuro si tenemos en cuenta que las leyes aprobadas por la reforma no han podido ser aplicadas para las pasadas Elecciones Congresales Extraordinarias 2020 y las próximas Elecciones Generales 2021, ni tampoco se ha concluido con el proceso de reforma política a la fecha. En ese contexto, surge la necesidad de finiquitar este proceso de reforma política y, a su vez, replantear algunos aspectos en torno a la necesidad de mantener la no reelección inmediata de autoridades nacionales y subnacionales, quedando en el tintero la posibilidad de permitir hasta una reelección inmediata sin posibilidad de reelección futura.
Principales riesgos y límites de la aplicación del principio de iura novit curia en el arbitraje nacional
Authors: Gutiérrez Lúcar Marcial G.
Published: July 2021

El principio de iura novit curia es un principio general del derecho, por el cual los jueces se encuentran obligados a aplicar, en los procesos judiciales, las normas respectivas si no han sido invocadas por las partes procesales. Sin embargo, ¿dicha obligación debe ser trasladada a los tribunales arbitrales? La presente investigación intenta acercarnos a una respuesta, así como a los problemas prácticos que se generan cuando los árbitros deciden implementar este principio al emitir su laudo.
Prevalencia del catastro sobre el Registro de Predios para corregir inexactitudes registrales
Authors: García Montúfar Sarmiento Guillermo , Silva Villajuán Freddy Luis
Published: July 2021

El catastro, entendido como el inventario físico de los predios que conforman el territorio nacional, es de especial importancia para las inmatriculaciones de predios, puesto que, entre otras funciones, permite resolver discrepancias entre el registro y las dimensiones reales de los predios, y armonizar la verdad física con la realidad jurídica. Sin embargo, en la realidad, la aplicación del sistema catastral ha sido difícil, puesto que existen pocas municipalidades declaradas como zonas catastrales en el Perú y, por lo tanto, no ha sido posible vincular al Sistema Nacional Integrado de Información Catastral Predial (SNCP) con el Registro de Predios. Entonces, la función del catastro se ha limitado a la rectificación de áreas de predios mediante procesos de saneamiento registral. Por otro lado, en los casos en que la discrepancia entre la información catastral y la registral está dentro de los límites de tolerancia, prevalece la información del catastro, mediante título emitido por ente generador de catastro y sin afectar los derechos de terrenos colindantes.
La valoración probatoria y la prueba de oficio como aproximación a la gnoseología inductiva en el proceso civil
Authors: Salas Villalobos Sergio Roberto
Published: July 2021

La prueba de oficio en el proceso civil responde a la necesidad de arribar a la máxima aproximación de certeza de las premisas planteadas por las partes. La aporta el juez cuando este advierte la ausencia de un medio de prueba que es necesario para resolver el conflicto, pero que las partes no han podido impulsar. Antes de ello, el juez debe realizar el ejercicio de extraer el conocimiento contenido en los medios probatorios que sí se han podido actuar y relacionarlos para adquirir un conocimiento único que implique la conclusión del proceso. Solo cuando no es posible extraer ese conocimiento único mediante la valoración conjunta de los medios de prueba, el juez impulsará la prueba de oficio. El presente trabajo desarrolla el pensamiento de Perfecto Andrés Ibáñez, jurista y juez español, quien trata este mecanismo de la prueba de oficio como una inducción al proceso, un conocimiento nuevo y necesario para arribar a una conclusión lógica, y lo denomina gnoseología inductiva. El propósito es, entonces, plantear una propuesta teórica de la prueba de oficio, al margen de su tratamiento jurisdiccional y doctrinariamente clásico.
Biophysical mechanisms of the formation of wound channels in non-penetrating gunshot craniocerebral wounds
Authors: Danchyn A.O. , Goncharuk O.M. , Usatov S.A. , Altabury M.S. , Danchyn G.O.
Published: July 2021

Objective ‒ to develop recommendations for optimization of primary surgical treatment of gunshot penetrating craniocerebral wounds on the basis of theoretical and applied study of one of the sections of wound ballistics ‒ biophysical mechanisms of wound canal formation, concomitant impenetrable wounds and intracranial injuries.Materials and methods. The medical histories of 155 wounded who received a non-pe-netrating craniocerebral injury during the hostilities in the East of Ukraine in 2014‒2020 were studied. All of the wounded were males between 18 and 60 years old (mean age ‒ 35.1 years). To study the biophysical features of the formation of different types of wound canals at a given non-lethal kinetic energy transferred to the head tissues, the type of the wounding projectile, the flight trajectory, the nature of gunshot injuries to the soft tissues of the cranial vault and skull fractures and intracranial injuries were determined according to the data of clinical stu-dies and computed tomography and compared with the results of theoretical studies using the laws of wound ballistics.Results. There were 11 (7.1 %) bullet (only tangential) wounds, and 144 (92.9 %) shrapnel. The formation of wound channels depends on the type of the wounding projectile and its kinetic energy. Non-penetrating firearms bullet and shrapnel tangential craniocerebral wounds are caused by the destructive effect of injuring shells on the tissues, which at the moment of collision with the head have both destructive kinetic energy (>80 J) and less than destructive kinetic energy. Blind craniocerebral injuries are caused only by the traumatic effects of fragments with a small (<80 J) kinetic energy.Conclusions. With gunshot non-penetrating single shrapnel blind wounds, the wounds do not have a zone of secondary necrosis, and the zone of primary necrosis is small or insignificant, which makes it possible not to carve soft tissues around the wound during primary surgical treatment, but only to remove necrotic tissues. With gunshot non-penetrating shrapnel tangential and blind craniocerebral wounds, when the soft tissue wounds of the cranial vault do not gap, small size (damage to the skin, subcutaneous tissue to aponeurosis), primary surgical treatment is not performed. Such wounds are treated with a toilet and aseptic dressings. Wound canals ending in gunshot fractures are subject to primary surgical treatment in the same way as gunshot fractures.
Possibility of increasing the «therapeutic window» for revascularization of the carotid arteries in the acute period of ischemic stroke
Authors: Spinul O.A. , Kartashov O.A. , Shpak O.O.
Published: July 2021

Objective ‒ to assess the possibility of increasing the time of surgical restoration of blood flow in the acute period of ischemic stroke due to occlusive lesion of the internal carotid artery (ICA).Materials and methods. Among the patients who were admitted for treatmentat in the Regional Odessa Hospital with acute ischemic stroke in the carotid region a group of 6 patients was identified in whom the cause of stroke was occlusion of the ICA by an atherosclerotic plaque. Age of patients ‒ from 54 to 71 years. Patients were hospitalized later 6 hours from the onset of stroke. The survey was carried out according to the established protocol. Neurological deficits are mild to moderate. In order to eliminate the occlusion of the ICA, all patients underwent endarterectomy.Results. Carotidendarterectomy was performed from 2 to 11 days after onset of stroke. Retrograde blood flow through the ICA was obtained in three (50 %) patients in whom surgical interventions were performed up to 4 days after the disease. In the postoperativeperiod a typical therapy was carried out. In cases with the obtained retrograde blood flowon control carotid angiograms demonstrated revascularization of the ICA basin according to mTICI-3. On the control CT of the brain in postoperative period in one case the point subarachnoid hemorrhages was determined. In the other two cases there was no evidence hemorrhagic transformation. Operated patients showed positive dynamics: a decrease hemiparesis by 1 poin and regression of mental disorders. The patients were discharged withm RS 1‒2. During the follow-up examination 90 days the neurological condition of the patients improved to mRS 1‒0.Conclusions. Results obtained in increasing the “therapeutic window” for revascularization of the occluded ICA allow to continue research in the indicated direction and improve the quality of surgical care for patients with acute stroke.
An Emergency Shift to e-Learning in Health Professions Education: A Comparative Study of Perspectives between Students and Instructors
Authors: Almuwais Afrah , Alqabbani Samiah , Benajiba Nada , Almoayad Fatmah
Published: July 2021

This is a cross-sectional study which assessed the readiness to shift to e-learning in correlation with perceived effectiveness and satisfaction following the sudden shift caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among students and instructors. The study compared perspectives between instructors (n = 47) and students (n = 254) at the College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (CHRS) at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU; Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Data were collected using an online questionnaire using convenient sampling method. The results showed a high level of readiness to shift to e-learning among instructors and students, as well as a positive correlation between perceived effectiveness and satisfaction. However, instructors showed a higher satisfaction level and perceived this shift to be effective more than students. This experience offers a reasonable foundation for any future plans to implement e-learning in health professions education and maximise its benefits without compromising the practical and clinical training provided via face-to-face learning. Further studies are needed to explore e-learning experiences a year after this shift, when educational institutions are expected to have clearer plans and have better prepared for e-learning. In addition, effect of e-learning shift on clinical training outcomes for different health professions is also recommended.
Impulsing the Development of Students' Competency Related to Mathematical Thinking and Reasoning through Teaching Straight-Line Equations
Authors: Uyen Bui Phuong , Ngan Lu Kim , Thao Nguyen Phuong , Tong Duong Huu
Published: July 2021

The research was carried out to develop students' ability to think and reason mathematically by teaching straight-line equations in a plane. Accordingly, teaching activities were designed according to five learning stages, which were integrated with mathematical thinking levels according to Van Hiele's model. Simultaneously, the learners' mathematical thinking and reasoning competencies were assessed according to the competency requirements specified in the Mathematics General Education Program and the levels of Van Hiele's model, the above three aspects of knowledge, skills and attitudes. The experiment involved 84 students in class 10, 44 of whom were in the experimental group, and 40 were in the control group. The research results showed that students in the experimental group achieved higher mathematical thinking and reasoning skills. Specifically, the two groups had equivalent results for the level of visualization and analysis. However, at the informal deduction and formal deduction and rigor levels, the ranking results of the two groups had a clear difference. The study group observations and students' opinion surveys also revealed that learning stages were designed according to Van Hiele's model and thought-provoking measures and visual images and language contributed to students' interest in learning and positive thinking.
Improving Novice Students’ Computational Thinking Skills by Problem-Solving and Metacognitive Techniques
Authors: Ubaidullah Nor Hasbiah , Mohamed Zulkifley , Hamid Jamilah , Sulaiman Suliana , Yussof Rahmah Lob
Published: July 2021

Admittedly, the teaching and learning of programming courses in the computer science and information technology programs have been extremely challenging. Currently, most instructors depend on either the problem-solving technique or the metacognitive technique to help students develop a range of cognitive skills, including metacognitive skills, which are important in the development of a strong computational thinking skill required for 21st-century learning. Studies focusing on the practices of instructors in using both techniques are scarce, thus motivating the researchers to carry out this study. This study was based on a qualitative approach involving a case-study design in which five (5) male and five (5) female instructors were selected from 10 pre-university centers in Malaysia as the respondents and participants in an intervention program. The research instruments used were an interview checklist and intervention guidelines. As anticipated, the findings showed that the activities of each technique could only help students develop certain sub-skills of the computational thinking skill, thus underscoring the need for instructors to integrate both techniques in their teaching practices. Thus, it could be reasoned that using either the metacognitive technique or the problem-solving technique alone would not be sufficient to help students develop strong computational thinking skills, as each technique has its strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, it becomes imperative for instructors to leverage the strengths of both techniques by integrating both of them in the teaching and learning of programming courses.
Examining Saudi Students’ Perceptions on the Use of the Blackboard Platform during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alzain Elham
Published: July 2021

The present study aims to examine students’ perceptions on using the Blackboard learning system during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study investigates the effectiveness of the Blackboard on the students’ learning during Coronavirus lockdown. It aims at finding out the difficulties and the challenges students face while using the Blackboard platform as a learning tool. It is expected that this study will contribute to the growing literature on the use of the Blackboard, mainly on its purposes to replace face-to-face learning/teaching process. Therefore, this study provides information about the learning experiences of Saudi students while the highly active use of the Blackboard and presents the challenges faced by the students during the online learning/teaching process. The study employs the quantitative research method as a questionnaire is used for collecting data. It is designed in Google format and emailed to the students. A sample of 270 respondents was selected from the Community College Abqaiq, King Faisal University. The method of analysis is descriptive statistical analysis, where the SPSS is employed for data analysis. The result reveals that students’ perceptions are positive because students are aware of the benefit of the Blackboard platform during the COVID-19 pandemic. And when comparing choice preference between blended courses and online courses, students prefer blended courses. This is due to the challenges and difficulties that students face while using the Blackboard platform.
Experience in using high matrix introduction (HMI) technology for the analysis of lead by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Authors: Dvoryanchikova Е. M. , Dzhevello К A. , Galuzin D. D.
Published: July 2021

The impurities contained in lead and lead-based alloys, which are widely used in various branches of industry, i.e., nuclear, medical, electrical engineering, etc., affect their physicochemical properties which necessitates developing of the reliable method for the impurity determination. Photometric, spectral, and chemical — spectral methods used to address this problem are labor-intensive and do not always have the required sensitivity. A method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled with High Matrix Introduction (HMI) technology has been proposed as alternative easy to use procedure designed to be more sensitive. The Agilent HMI Sample Injection System provides inline dilution of the sample aerosol (supplied from the spray chamber to the burner) with pure argon. This method of sample introduction provides for analysis of the solutions with a solute content of up to 1% and higher. The aerosol dilution reduces concentration of the matrix and solvent at the inductively coupled plasma interface without conventional dilution. In this case, the matrix suppression of impurities is almost eliminated and CeO+/Ce+ is reduced to 0.2%, while the typical CeO+/Ce+ ratio for the Agilent 7500 mass spectrometers is 1 – 2%, but no more than 3%. We present application of this method to the analysis of Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Bi in lead by an Agilent 7500cx ICP-MS with preliminary acid digestion of lead samples in a microwave autoclave. The use of the HMI system made it possible to exclude the stage of sample dilution, reducing the possibility of sample contamination with a diluent, and to determine the content of impurities in a highly concentrated matrix at a level of 10–4 – 10–5 %. The efficiency of the method, as well as the possibility of using multi-element standard solutions prepared with 1% nitric acid for analysis of the samples with high lead content is shown.
Determination of the melting point of solid polymers by rheological method
Authors: Guseva M. A. , Prokopova L. A. , Khaskov М. A.
Published: July 2021

The rheological properties of polymer systems determine their deformation behavior and the relationship between stresses, strains and strain rates. We present the results of determining the melting points of solid polymer compounds by the rheological method. Tests were carried out using a rotary rheometer in an oscillating mode. Using the obtained thermomechanical dependences, the experimental data were compared with the values determined by standard analytical (capillary method) and thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) methods. The viscous and elastic behavior of the samples were analyzed using the dependence of the oscillating stress or strain on the angular velocity or frequency. It is shown that the temperature dependences of the storage and loss moduli, as well as the angle of mechanical losses, determine the physical and relaxation transitions in polymers upon their heating. The obtained results can be used in analysis of the effect of conditions of polymer processing on their properties, as well as in optimization of the technological processes of product manufacture and modeling the behavior of materials under operation conditions at the stage of development.
Determination of the hydrogen content in surface layers of U8A steel using high frequency currents
Authors: Rakovskaya Е. G. , Zanko N. G. , Yagunova L. К.
Published: July 2021

An increase in the strength of steels is associated with a decrease in the content of impurities, which have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of steels. One of those impurities is hydrogen. It is known that at ultrahigh frequencies, due to the peculiarities of the distribution of alternating current over the cross section of a metal conductor, the conductivity is carried out by a thin surface layer (skin-effect). We present the results of using high-frequency currents for determination of the hydrogen content in a metal. The absorption of hydrogen by thin subsurface layers of steel is determined proceeding from a change in the voltage drop across the samples which depends on the resistance of the layers. The voltage drop as a function of the alternating current frequency is measured using a high-frequency generator, an HF-voltmeter, and an HF-galvanometer. Wire samples made of high-quality U8A carbon steel were used during testing procedure. At the same time, the amount of hydrogen absorbed by the steel was determined by the method of anodic dissolution. It is shown that the cathode-introduced hydrogen is unevenly distributed over the cross section of the sample. During the aging of cathodic hydrogenated steels of a U8A type, hydrogen diffusion from steels into the air takes place with an insignificant penetration of hydrogen into the deeper metal layers. Moreover, the hydrogen content and the resistance of the subsurface layers of the material increase with an increase in the current density during cathodic polarization. The results obtained can be used in nondestructive testing of the degree of hydrogenation of ferromagnetic products.
Study of the impurities in technical-grade 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Filippov A. M. , Ruskol I. Yu. , Dolotko A. R. , Alekseeva E. I. , Storozsenko Р. A.
Published: July 2021

Polymerization of 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane is the main method for manufacturing methylphenylsiloxane rubbers, and copolymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane is the main method for production of high- and low-molecular weight dimethylmethylphenylsiloxane rubbers. The molecular weight, viscosity, and other properties of the obtained polymers depend on the purity of cyclosiloxanes. The technology of 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane production by thermocatalytic decomposition of methylphenylsiloxanes in the presence of lithium hydroxide or lithium silanolate, followed by vacuum rectification, makes it possible to obtain a product containing 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxanes, tetraphenyldimethyldisiloxane as impurities and trace amounts of phenyl-containing siloxanes of cyclic and linear structure. The impurities of polycyclic and polyhedral structures have not been previously described. In this study, the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used to analyze compounds that can be present as impurities in technical-grade 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane. The use of the previously described regularities of the fragmentation of siloxanes of different structures made it possible to identify a number of siloxanes which are absent in the NIST 11 mass spectra library. It is shown that polycyclic and polyhedral compounds containing methylsilsesquioxane units have a short fragmentation path. They are characterized by ionization with the elimination of the methyl group and benzene in case of two phenyl groups in the molecule. The siloxane skeleton of such cations is rather stable, so they more readily lose another methyl group thus transforming into double-charged cations. The impact of electron ionization on the molecules with siloxane units containing different organic substituents at silicon leads to randomization of those substituents and rearrangement of the siloxane skeleton. Analysis of the results revealed that silanes, siloxanes of linear, cyclic, polycyclic and polyhedral structures are present in technical grade 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane.
Analisis Penerapan Total Quality Management dan Komitmen Organisasi dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Perusahaan
Authors: Tsani Aulia Rabius , Nurleli
Published: July 2021

Abstract. At present the company is competing to survise in the business world, because today many companies want to maximize competitiveness through continuous improvement made by several companies that play a very important role in increasing the strength of competitiveness. Dakal global market product quality is also one of the most important elements for companies to be ableto compete. TQM is one form of company management practices that can suppress the quality paradigm witgin a company. Organizational Commitment is a force that binds individuals to take an action towards one or several goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of Total Quality Management in improving company performance and analysis of organizational commitment to company performance in LPKL PDAM Tirtawening. This research uses descriptive methods and case studies as well as using a quantitative approach carried out at LPKL PDAM Tirtawening, the sourch of the data used is the primary data sourch with data collection techniques namely questionnaire. Determination of respondents in filing out the research questionnaire was chosen based on the number of Managers or Section Heads of employees in LPKL PDAM Tirtawening as many as 25 respondents. Total Quality Management can improve company performance in LPKL PDAM Tirtawening.

Abstrak. Saat ini perusahaan sedang bersaing untuk bertahan dalam dunia bisnis, karena saat ini banyak perusahaan yang ingin memaksimalkan daya saing melalui perbaikan terus – menerus yang dilakukan oleh beberapa perusahaanyang memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan kekuatan daya saing. Dakal pasar global kualitas produk juga menjadi salah satu elemen terpenting bagi perusahaan untuk dapat bersaing.TQM adalah salah satu bentuk praktek manajemen perusahaan yang bisa menekan paradigma kualitas dalam perusahaan. Komitmen Organisasi merupakan kekuatan yang mengikat individu untuk melakukan suatu aksi untuk menuju satu atau beberapa tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan Total Quality Management dalam meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan dan analisis komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerj perusahaan pada LPKL PDAM Tirtawening. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan studi kasus serta menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang dilksanakan di LPKL PDAM Tirtawening, sumber data yang digunakan yaitu sumber data primer dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu kusioner. Penentuan responden dalam mengisi kuesioner penelitian ini dipilih berdasarakan jumlah Manajer atau Kepala Bagian dar karyawan yang ada di LPKL PDAM Tirtawening sebanyak 25 orang responden. Total Quality Management dapat meningkat kinerja perusahaan dan komitmen organisasi dapat meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan di LPKL PDAM Tirtawening
Uji Kualitatif dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Maja (Aegle Marmelos (L.)Correa) dengan Metode DPPH
Authors: Muhammad Nur Fauzi  , Joko Santoso  , Aldi Budi Riyanta
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Indonesia is a country with the third largest tropical forest in the world. The number of medicinal plants in Indonesia is estimated to be around 1,260 types of plants. Plants produce secondary metabolites that have potential as antioxidants. One of the plants that contains a lot of secondary metabolites is maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr). The purpose of this study was to determine the content of secondary metabolites in maja fruit extracts and to determine the antioxidant activity contained in maja fruit extracts using the DPPH method. The research was conducted by extracting maja fruit samples using maceration method to obtain a thick extract. The extracts obtained were tested for secondary metabolites, TLC test, and antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH method using Uv-vis spectrophotometry. The results of this study indicate that maja fruit extract contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides. TLC results obtained Rf 0.512. The result of antioxidant activity of maja fruit extract obtained by IC50 was 269.153 µg / mL. and IC50 vitamin C as a comparison obtained 28,907µg / mL. This shows that the antioxidant activity of maja fruit extract is smaller than the antioxidant activity of vitamin C.

Abstrak. Indonesia adalah negara dengan hutan tropis paling besar ketiga di dunia, Jumlah tumbuhan berkhasiat obat di Indonesia diperkirakan sekitar 1.260 jenis tumbuhan. Tumbuhan menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Salah satu tanaman yang banyak mengandung metabolit sekunder adalah tanaman maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak buah maja dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan yang terdapat pada ekstrak buah maja dengan metode DPPH. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengekstraksi sampel buah maja dengan metode maserasi untuk memperoleh ekstrak kental. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dilakukan uji metabolit sekunder, uji KLT, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menggunakan spektrofotometri Uv-vis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah maja mengandung metabolit sekunder flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, dan glikosida. Hasil KLT diperoleh Rf 0,512. Hasil aktivitas antioksidan ektrak buah maja yang diperoleh dengan IC50 adalah 269,153 µg/mL. dan IC50 vitamin c sebagai pembanding diperoleh 28,907µg/mL. hal ini menunjukan bahwa daya aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak buah maja lebih kecil dibanding dengan daya aktivitas antioksidan vitamin C.

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Pengaruh Waktu Aging dan Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Black Garlic yang Dibandingkan dengan Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Azhar Salma Fadhilah , Y Kiki Mulkiya , Kodir Reza Abdul
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Antioxidant is a compound that could obstruct oxidation reaction through free radical binding. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a plant which has many benefits that could be used for traditional medication. Some of pharmacology effects which was discovered are antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-cholesterol, and antimicrobial. Black garlic is the heating aging process which induces many chemical reactions of garlic such as non-enzymatically discoloration to be brown, Maillard reaction which produces antibacterial compound, caramelization, and phenol formation as antioxidant that causes discoloration from cream to dark brown or black. White and Black garlic were extracted through two methods, namely maceration (room temperature) and digestion (± 40°C) by using 96% ethanol solvent. The activity test of extract antioxidant is done using DPPH free radical reduction (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) with absorbance measurement uses UV-Vis spectrophotometry with DPPH maximum wavelength is 515 mm. Garlic maceration has value IC50 in the amount of 28.422 ppm, two weeks maceration of black garlic in the amount of 27.129 ppm and four weeks maceration of black garlic in the amount of 13.041 ppm. While garlic digestion in the amount of 28.524 ppm, two weeks digestion of black garlic in the amount of 28.086 ppm and four weeks digestion of black garlic in the amount of 15.160 ppm.

Abstrak. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat menghambat reaksi oksidasi, dengan cara mengikat radikal bebas. Bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai banyak khasiat yang digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional. Efek farmakologi yang telah diketahui salah satunya adalah antioksidan, anti-hipertensi, anti-kolesterol, anti-mikroba. Bawang hitam merupakan proses aging dengan pemanasan yang menginduksi banyak reaksi kimia pada bawang putih seperti perubahan warna menjadi coklat secara non-enzimatik, reaksi Maillard yang menghasilkan senyawa antibakteri, karamelisasi, dan pembentukan fenol sebagai antioksidan yang menyebabkan warnanya berubah dari putih kekuningan menjadi coklat tua atau hitam. Bawang putih dan bawang hitam diekstraksi menggunakan dua metode yaitu maserasi (suhu kamar) dan digesti (suhu ±40°C) dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil) dengan pengukuran absorbansi menggunakan spektrofotometri UV–Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimal DPPH yaitu 515 nm. Pada bawang putih maserasi memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 28,422 ppm, bawang hitam 2 minggu maserasi 27,129 ppm dan bawang hitam 4 minggu maserasi 13,041 ppm. Sedangkan pada bawang putih digesti 28,524 ppm, bawang hitam 2 minggu digesti 28,086 ppm dan bawang hitam 4 minggu digesti 15,160 ppm.
Karakteristik Edible Film Berbahan Dasar Ekstrak Karagenan dari Alga Merah (Eucheuma Spinosum)
Authors: Nurmilla Ani , Kurniaty Nety , W Hilda Aprillia
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Nowadays, edible film is a food coating film that has been developed as a food wrapper. The main components for edible film include carrageenan, starch and pectin. This study aims to isolate carrageenan from red algae and find the best edible film formula from red algal carrageenan. Carrageenan was isolated using NaOH solution of various concentrations of 0.5; 1,0; 1.5 and 2.0 N. Carrageenan which has the best characteristics is then made into an edible film with the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer. Edible film formula is made with four variations of carrageenan concentration, i.e. 1; 1,5; 2 and 2.5%. The results of carrageenan isolation produced the best yield using 2N NaOH, which was 8.4%. The best edible film is edible film made from carrageenan 2.5% because it has the best percent elongation of 77%.

Abstrak. Edible film merupakan film penyalut makanan yang banyak dikembangkan akhir-akhir ini sebagai pembungkus makanan. Komponen utama penyusun edible film diantaranya adalah karageenan, pati dan pektin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi karagenan dari alga merah dan mencari formula edible film dari karagenan alga merah yang paling baik. Karagenan diisolasi dengan menggunakan larutan NaOH berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 dan 2,0 N. Karagenan yang memiliki karakteristik paling baik kemudian dibuat menjadi edible film dengan tambahan gliserol sebagai plastisizer. Formula edible film dibuat dengan empat variasi konsentrasi karagenan, yaitu 1; 1,5; 2 dan 2,5%. Hasil isolasi karagenan menghasilkan yield yang paling baik menggunakan NaOH 2N, yaitu sebesar 8,4%. Edible film yang paling baik adalah edible film yang dibuat dari karagenan 2,5% karena memiliki persen pemanjangan yang paling baik yaitu 77%.
Peran Zakat dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Mustahiq
Authors: Putri Rafa Nafisah  , Rahmi Dewi , Noviani
Published: July 2021

Abstract.West Bandung Regency as one of the pemekaran districts in West Java, where the poverty rate in West Bandung Regency in 2017 stands at 11.49. While the average in West Java is 8.71. From the perspective of shari'a law in relation to community empowerment, there are several ways to overcome poverty, namely by creating employment by using zakat funds as capital to create an industry that will accommodate a number of revenues channeled to msutahiq as a means of helping venture capital.The purpose of this study is to determine the role of zakat in economic empowerment mustahiq seen from the aspects of revolving capital, economic strengthening, strengthening human resources, providing infrastructure and partnerships between MSMEs. The research method used is quantitative descriptive method. The population in this study was 73 mustahiq.

 

Abstrak.Kabupaten Bandung Barat sebagai salah satu kabupaten pemekaran di Jawa Barat, dimana angka kemiskinan Kabupaten Bandung Barat pada tahun 2017 berada pada angka 11,49. Sedangkan rata-rata di Jawa Barat yaitu 8,71. Ditinjau dari sudut pandang hukum kesyariahan dalam kaitannya dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat, maka terdapat beberapa cara dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan yaitu dengan menciptakan lapangan kerja dengan menggunakan dana zakat yang dijadikan modal untuk menciptakan industri yang akan menampung sejumlah penerimaan yang disalurkan kepada msutahiq sebagai sarana untuk perbantuan modal usaha.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran zakat dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi mustahiq yang dilihat dari aspek modal bergulir, penguatan ekonomi, penguatan SDM, penyediaan prasarana dan kemitraan antar UMKM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 73 mustahiq
Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), dan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Provinsi Jawa Barat 2003-2017
Authors: Rani Wulantari  , Haviz Meidy , Mafruhat Ade Yunita
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This study aims to identify and analyze how and how much influence PAD, DAU, and PMDN on West Java Province GRDP 2003-2017. The research method used is quantitative and qualitative methods. The type and source of data used are secondary data obtained from BPS based on time series and cross sections, which is 15 years. The analytical method used is the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method using the Eviews version 9.0 program. The tests performed are classical assumptions (Multicollinearity, Autocorrelation, Heteroscedasticity, and Normality) and statistical tests are then performed economic analysis. The results showed that PAD and DAU influence and significant effect on GRDP while PMDN has an effect but not significantly on GRDP.

 

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis bagaimana dan seberapa besar pengaruh PAD, DAU, dan PMDN terhadap PDRB Provinsi Jawa Barat 2003-2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Jenis dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang di peroleh dari BPS berdasarkan waktu time series dan cross section yaitu selama 15 tahun. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dengan menggunakan program Eviews versi 9.0. pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu asumsi klasik (Multikolinear, Autokorelasi, Heteroskedastis, dan Normalitas) dan uji statistik kemudian dilakukan analisis ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PAD dan DAU berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap PDRB sedangkan PMDN berpengaruh tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap PDRB