bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Information Technology Implementation on Retail Manufacturer's Operational Performance: A Moderated Serial Mediation Model
Authors: Azza Asaad Tonsi
Published: February 2025

This study explores the impact of “Information Technology Implementation” (IT-Impl) on firms' “Operational Performance” (Op-Per) using the Dynamic Resource-Based View (DRBV), proposing a dynamic influence path including the framework of resources-capability-competitive advantage. The direct effects of IT-Impl on Op-Per have been extensively studied, but not the complex instrumental routes and intermediate processes. This study advances a more sophisticated understanding of the dynamic capabilities in converting IT resources into long-term competitive advantage, particularly identifying the serial mediation of the IT-Impl–Op-Per relationship by supply chain integration (SC-Int) and postponement (Post-P). A quantitative research approach was used to gather data from a sample of 298 top-ranking managers from retail manufacturers to test hypotheses using Smart-PLS. The results show that while IT-Impl positively affects Op-Per through the serial mediating roles, “Information Intensity” negatively moderates these relationships. In practice, Op-Per is influenced by a multitude of factors, including supply chain and internal operating capabilities. The study emphasizes the importance of considering SC-Int and Post-P as dynamic capabilities in leveraging IT-Impl for Op-Per. Organizations should strategically align IT investments with advanced supply chain and internal operating capabilities to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. The results, discussion, contributions, limitations, and potential future directions are provided.
International Legal Aspects of Foreign Policy: Balancing Social Welfare and Strategic Interests in Diverse State Models
Authors: Roman Maksymovych
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The study's relevance lies in its focus on analysing the international legal aspects of foreign policy, emphasising the research of balancing social welfare and strategic interests in diverse state models. To analyse the transformation of foreign policy in modern conditions, to evaluate the impact of international law on foreign policy and the impact of foreign policy strategies of states on international law, and to examine the leading international legal issues of foreign policy in modern conditions.
Objectives: The article aims to analyse the transformation of foreign policy in modern conditions, assess the impact of international law on foreign policy, and examine the influence of states' foreign policy strategies on international law.
Methods: The study combines complementary general scientific theoretical methods, including analysis, synthesis, and abstraction. The integration of analysis and synthesis ensured an objective and comprehensive examination of aspects of foreign policy relations in the context of the dynamics of international law.
Results: The essay analyses European foreign policy's main prospects and threats. International legal issues related to foreign policy strategies are examined, which is significant as contemporary processes are shaping the formation of a new system of international relations. It is argued that this allows for a fresh perspective on the role of welfare states in the context of their foreign policy and international law. The European Union's foreign policy is analysed and implemented either through the Common Foreign and Security Policy under the leadership of the European Council or via international economic negotiations conducted by the European Commission. A new type of relations among major powers, particularly under Xi Jinping, is characterised. It is identified that the "Belt and Road Initiative" is the main, though not the sole, programme launched by China, one of whose primary objectives is to create an environment of cooperation among states.
Conclusions: The EU's enlargement is an integral part of the development of European integration, and the new wave of EU enlargement will serve as an investment in the continent's security. The doctrine of US foreign policy aims to achieve a safer, more democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the country, its citizens, and the international community.
Somatostatin analog (octreotide) and sirolimus immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of chyloperitoneum and chylothorax in newborns and infants
Authors: Gurskaya A , Sulavko M , Ekimovskaya E , Bayazitov R , Nakovkin O , Karnuta I , Klepikova A , Akhmedova D , Hagurov R , Sagoyan G
Published: February 2025

Background: Chyloperitoneum (CP) and chylothorax (CT) are rare conditions that have a high mortality rate and unclear treatment options. Their incidence in neonates ranges from 1 in 20000 to 1 in 187000 live births. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic somatostatin analog (octreotide) and sirolimus therapy in treating chylous pleural and peritoneal collections in newborns and infants.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 10 children with either chylothorax or chyloperitoneum, treated in our department between 2018 and 2023. The study was approved by the Local Independent Ethics Committee of The National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, under Protocol №7, dated 11 May 2023. The parents voluntarily signed an informed consent form for the off-label use of the drug. We reviewed the medical records for demographic information, clinical presentation, management, and outcome.
Results: Our study looked at patients aged between 0 and 5.5 months, with seven cases of chyloperitoneum and three cases of chylothorax. We initially used octreotide, which was then switched to sirolimus if there was no improvement. Octreotide was effective in five children after 10-18 days of treatment, while the effect of sirolimus was observed 8-14 days after starting treatment. One patient, who had a history of a giant omphalocele with primary closure, experienced complications after 8 weeks of sirolimus therapy, including bilateral knee arthritis, leukopenia, and lymphopenia. Fortunately, there were no fatal outcomes.
Conclusion: Sirolimus therapy is effective in treating newborns with chylothorax or chyloperitoneum, with a low risk of complications even in those cases not responding to octreotide therapy. It is recommended that octreotide therapy should not exceed 10 days, after which sirolimus can be prescribed.
Gastric perforation in neonates: Our experience
Authors: Sharafeddin Fransua , Edelbach Brandon , Vacaru Alexandra , Mladenov Georgi , Moores Donald , Singh Yogen , Radulescu Andrei
Published: February 2025

Background: Neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. It accounts for 7% of all gastrointestinal tract (GIT) perforations. The number of NGP cases has been increasing due to the rise in premature and low birth weight neonates. In this study, we present our experience with gastric perforation in neonates.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed all cases of gastric perforation in neonates that were treated at Loma Linda University Medical Center's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) between the years 2000 and 2023. The study looked at several variables including patient demographics, birth weight, age at admission and surgery, comorbidities, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids, and mortality rate.
Results: We treated 15 patients with neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) during the study tenure. The median age at admission was 2 days, with 67% admitted within that timeframe. Surgery occurred at a median age of 5.5 days, and the median birth weight was 2.075 kg, with 26.67% below 1 kg. Males comprised 67%, and 60% had patent ductus arteriosus. Steroids were given to 46.66%, and 30-day mortality was 26.67%, with higher rates among males. Idiopathic cases were common, with notable etiologies including ischemia, necrosis, and congenital anomalies. Primary surgical repair was the main modality, and perforations occurred at various locations. Two cases had necrotizing enterocolitis. Six patients had favorable outcomes, while others experienced mild to moderate complications.
Conclusion: Our research supports the idea that males have a worse outcome in terms of both prevalence and survival rates in neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) patients. However, our findings did not confirm the notion that NGP mortality risk is higher in neonates with low birth weight. We also discovered that the median time between admission and surgery in our study group was 1.5 days, emphasizing the importance of early detection of NGP in neonates. Early diagnosis can lead to better decision-making regarding treatment options and surgical intervention.
The outcomes of specific surgically correctable congenital gastro-intestinal malformations at a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit in South Africa
Authors: Abrahams Ilhaam , Van Wyk Lizelle , De Vos Corne
Published: February 2025

Background: The outcome of neonates with congenital surgically correctable gastro-intestinal (GIT) malformations is poorly described in low middle income countries.
Methods: A 5-year retrospective descriptive analysis of neonates admitted to a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), with congenital, surgically correctable GIT malformations, was performed. The primary outcome was the 30-day postoperative mortality as well as survival to 1 year. Secondary outcomes included patient demographics, clinical presentation as well as the burden of disease in our study population.
Results: Eighty-four neonates met study criteria. The mean gestational age was 35 weeks (SD 3.19) and birthweight 2518g (SD 789.3). The most common congenital malformations were intestinal atresia (39%) followed by omphaloceles (21%). Associated systemic malformations were common (39%). The majority of neonates (88%) underwent surgery at a median age of 2 days (IQR 1.5-5). Ventilation was required in 19% of neonates preoperatively and 65% postoperatively. Full feeds were achieved at a median age of 13 days (IQR 9-18) after surgery. The 30 day-postoperative survival rate was 97% with a survival to discharge or transfer of 86%. Data for one year survival was available for 80% of neonates with a one-year survival rate of 75%.
Conclusion: The 30-day postoperative survival was high in neonates with congenital, surgically correctable GIT malformations. Outcomes and burden on the healthcare system was dependent on the type of lesion. With early diagnosis and referral to a tertiary centre, good outcomes can be achieved. Neonates with congenital GIT malformations should have long term follow up to monitor growth and neurodevelopment as well as to address the high mortality post discharge.
Amyand hernia with perforated appendix simulating as testicular torsion in a neonate: A case report
Authors: Edan Obay
Published: February 2025

Background: Amyand hernia is defined as the presence of the vermiform appendix within the hernial sac. A perforated appendix is an uncommon complication of Amyand hernia. Rarely it may simulate a testicular torsion.
Case Presentation: A twenty-five-day-old male infant presented with right-sided scrotal swelling, exhibiting symptoms of crying, irritability, and poor feeding over a two-day duration. The swelling was non-reducible, confined to the scrotum, and the spermatic cord showed thickening with erythematous scrotal skin. Following preparation, an inguinal incision was made, and an appendectomy and herniotomy were performed.
Conclusion: Amyand hernia, a rare type of inguinal hernia, poses challenges in preoperative diagnosis. The occurrence of a perforated appendix is especially rare in neonates with Amyand hernia. Surgical management entails appendectomy through an inguinal incision coupled with meticulous hernia repair.
Neonatal Riga-Fede disease: A systematic review of 84 cases collected over 120 years
Authors: Alagar Thirumalai Rangapriya , Raveenthiran V
Published: February 2025

Background: Traumatic ulceration of the tongue due to congenital teeth is known as Riga-Fede disease (RFD). The literature on RFD consists largely of anecdotal case reports, thereby lacking valid clinical recommendations. While managing a newborn with RFD complicated by Ludwig’s angina, this knowledge gap was recognized. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to gain insight into the optimal management and the possible complications of RFD.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, supplemented with African Journals Online, Indmed, and manual searches. Papers published between 1900 and July 2023 in any language were retrieved. Neonates with natal or neonatal teeth and ulceration of the oral mucosa were included. Papers with incomplete data and review articles were excluded.
Results: A total of 84 newborns with RFD from 62 published reports (including the case reported herein) were analyzed. Most of the reports were from the Indian subcontinent, and the frequency of reporting has increased since the year 2000. Tongue ulceration in all cases was due to mandibular incisors. There was no significant difference in the median duration of healing between the tooth extraction group (14 days) and the conservative management group (18 days). There was only a very weak positive correlation between the duration of symptoms and healing time, which was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: Healing of mucosal ulcers in RFD is often protracted and does not appear to be influenced by the duration of symptoms or by the modality of treatment. Extraction of the offending teeth is more common (75% of cases) than conservative management, such as grinding (ameloplasty) or resin capping of teeth. RFD is mostly a benign disorder; however, serious complications such as meningitis, Ludwig’s angina, and soft tissue abscesses can rarely occur with Staphylococcus aureus infections.
Intestinal malrotation with levocardia and Spondylo-costal dysostosis: A case report
Authors: Jain Arihant , Solanki Shailesh , Mahajan J.K , Sharma Arun , Dogra Shivani
Published: February 2025

Background: Intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus is usually present in the neonatal period but can present at any age, and can be associated with various congenital anomalies. These congenital defects increase the morbidity of the disease per se and require a multidisciplinary approach.
Case Presentation: The index case was an eight-month-old child with intestinal malrotation, situs inversus, levo-cardia, single ventricle, and Spondylo-costal dysostosis. Here, we discuss its presentation, treatment, challenges during management, and review of pertinent literature.
Conclusion: The association of intestinal malrotation with situs inversus, levocardia, and SCD requires further reporting as well as genetic studies to understand its embryo pathogenesis. The multidisciplinary team is essential for the ideal treatment of this type of complex case.
Thoracoscopic primary repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: Our early experience
Authors: Ali Eslam Adel , El Asmar Khaled M. , Hassan Tarek A. , Dahab Mohamed Moussa , Elghandour Mostafa M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) has been practiced more frequently in the past two decades. This study focuses on assessing our early experience with implementing this minimally invasive technique in neonates.
Methods: Neonates with EA/TEF who were admitted to the NICU at Ain Shams University hospitals during the period from 2021 to 2022 were enrolled in the study. Thoracoscopic primary repair was performed for neonates with a body weight exceeding 2 kg. Neonates with associated major cardiac, pulmonary, and neurological anomalies and long gap atresia were excluded from the study.
Results: A total of 38 neonates presented with EA/TEF during the study period. Out of these neonates, 12 cases underwent thoracoscopic primary repair. The thoracoscopic approach was used to complete all necessary repairs, and no intraoperative complications occurred. The mean operating time was 125 minutes, ranging from 105 to 150 minutes. No evidence of leakage was found in any case, as determined by both clinical and radiological contrast swallow examinations. The mean ventilation time was 7.2 days, and the mean hospital stay was 21 days. There were four deaths attributed to complications related to barotrauma and sepsis.
Conclusion: Thoracoscopic repair of EA can be performed safely, which yields favorable functional and cosmetic outcomes. However, it remains a challenging procedure that requires a long learning curve.
Neonatal intestinal obstruction secondary to Meckel's diverticulum with associated band and ileal stricture: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Bamoria Priyanka , Upreti Sheetal , Nahid Eram , Ahmad MD. Fahim , Kumar Prafull , Ratan Simmi K
Published: February 2025

Background: Symptomatic Meckel’s diverticulum is exceptionally rare in neonates, often presenting as intestinal obstruction or perforation. The differential diagnosis may encompass more prevalent conditions like intestinal atresia, malrotation, or Hirschsprung's disease.
Case Presentation: We present a case of a 21-day-old female who presented with intestinal obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy revealed Meckel's diverticulum with a mesodiverticular band causing closed-loop obstruction along with three passable strictures in the ileum. Surgical resection of the affected bowel and the creation of an ileostomy were performed due to bowel ischemia and hemodynamic instability.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are pivotal in managing neonatal Meckel's diverticulum, reducing risks of bowel necrosis and complications.
Innovative Approaches in Neonatal Surgery: Recent Advances and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Dewangan Hemlata , Nirmal Chandu Himanshu
Published: February 2025

Neonatal surgery has experienced significant advancements in recent years, driven by innovative techniques and technologies aimed at improving clinical outcomes. This study explores recent innovations in neonatal surgical practices, including minimally invasive procedures, advanced imaging techniques, and personalized medicine approaches. These advancements have enhanced surgical precision, reduced risks, and improved recovery times for neonates. This research reviews recent studies, highlighting the benefits of these innovative approaches while addressing challenges such as resource allocation, ethical considerations, and the need for specialized training. By examining the impact of these advancements on patient outcomes, the study provides insights into how these approaches are shaping the future of neonatal surgery, ensuring safer, more effective, and individualized care for neonates.
Factors Influencing The Clinical Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Pediatric Clinical Patient Care
Authors: Gurudiwan Prachi , Kumar Sahu Mahendra
Published: February 2025

This Systematic Review (SR) aimed to identify and summarize factors influencing the execution of Pediatric Clinical Pathways (PCP) from the viewpoints of consumers of services in hospital environments. An SR of databases was conducted to discover pertinent peer-reviewed studies from conception, adhering to the requirements for inclusion. Boolean search algorithms encompass assistance, client subgroups, and feature subdomains. Research was separately examined, and those that were selected were evaluated for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The investigation used the 'Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Summary of Qualitative Investigation' declaration. Four thousand two hundred references were evaluated based on title and abstract, including 6 of 33 articles reviewed. Two investigations were assessed as 'high' quality, while four were rated as 'mild.' The investigation identified seven elements classified under five established broad themes. The factors included the views and approval of other medical professionals; the presence of Clinical Pharmacists (CP) in inward or outpatient treatment environments; the application of drug-related expertise to clinical operations; resources for providing services and protection; participation in a multifaceted team; instruction in specialized areas; and the enhancement of communication skills. Support for PCP was limited compared to a comparable SR undertaken in the adult community. A significant knowledge deficiency in this field of practice has been observed. Most of the identified characteristics were seen as enablers that contributed to the effective execution of PCP. Additional study is required to discover further elements, and their investigation is essential to establish a robust framework for strategic thinking for PCP deployment and growth.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of medication errors in hospitalized pediatric patients
Authors: Kumar Mire Sanjay , Kumar Sahu Kishor
Published: February 2025

Medication Errors (MEs) are likely elevated in Pediatric Hospital (PH) environments. Estimations about the prevalence of MEs have failed to consider the variability in recognizing MEs methodologies and criteria among research, contextual disparities within wards, and the utilization of computerized versus prescription records. The objective was to perform a Systematic Review (SR) and Meta-Analysis (MA) to yield distinct predictions of the incidence of MEs among Pediatric Inpatients (PIP), categorized by hospital wards, and the utilization of electronic versus paper medicine charts while considering variations in recognizing MEs methodologies and explanations. The research systematically searched five databases to uncover research that evaluated ME rates by pharmaceutical chart audits, personal observation, or a combination of methods. The research found 70 studies, 20 of which were about PH utilizing electronic charts. Most research evaluated MEs, while only a limited number examined MEs in administration. Research on PH utilizing electronic charts typically indicated fewer MEs than those employing paper records, albeit with occasional discrepancies. MEs identification techniques influenced the frequency of MEs across the wards; no additional differences were observed. The definition of MEs did not consistently influence claimed ME rates. MEs frequently occur in PHs, especially in intensive care and emergency rooms. Hospitals utilizing electronic charts exhibited a reduced incidence of MEs compared to manual charts. Future research utilizing controlled settings is necessary to ascertain the actual effects of electronic records and other treatments on MEs and related damage in hospitals.
Investigating the role of pharmacogenomics in optimizing pediatric medication therapy: a pilot study
Authors: Ranjan Dash Smruti , Kumar Sahu Mahendra
Published: February 2025

The Food and Medication Organization and the Public Establishments of Wellbeing have worked to move pharmacogenomics from the laboratory to the patient's bedside. Pharmacogenomic data is now included on the label of more than 100 pharmaceutical drugs. In the pediatric population, several of these are often utilized. Additionally, medical practitioners must intervene and provide advice regarding direct-to-consumer genetic test kits. Healthcare workers must gain a basic understanding of pharmacogenomics and how it applies to patient care in light of the growing trend toward customized treatment. Because pharmacogenomic testing can provide patient-explicit indicators for medication reaction and security, pharmacologists can effectively participate in clinical understanding of results, pharmacogenomic testing, and ideas for individualizing drug treatment. In both short-term and long-term contexts, drug specialists can identify possible opportunities, such as demonstrating pharmacogenomic testing to patients and their families and supervising the implementation of clinical pharmacogenomics meetings. Pharmacists may work in clinical settings as well as in medication development and discovery that is impacted by genetics.  The creation of interprofessional practice guidelines and dosing recommendations for pharmacogenomic testing in pediatric patients should involve pediatric pharmacists because of the possibility that age-dependent and genetic factors would affect drug selection and dosage. The purpose of this pilot project is to investigate how pharmacogenomics can be used to customize prescription regimens for young patients in order to increase effectiveness and lower adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
Development and validation of a pediatric dosage form for a commonly used medication
Authors: Bhanja Mrutyunjaya , Vaishnaw Aayush
Published: February 2025

Pediatric children often have difficulty administering their drugs due to a lack of age-appropriate dosage forms, which can result in inadequate therapeutic effects and poor compliance. The creation and validation of a pediatric dosage form for the regularly administered medications acetaminophen and ibuprofen for feverish conditions is the main focus of this study. By creating a kid-friendly dosage form, the study sought to address important formulation issues such as dose accuracy, taste acceptability, and excipient safety. Using a methodical approach, formulations such liquid suspensions and chewable tablets were developed and optimized after excipients were chosen based on pediatric safety criteria. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and other analytical techniques were validated to guarantee the formulation's quality properties, including solubility, stability, and homogeneity. Pilot tests assessed the product's usability and palatability in the target population, while stability studies conducted under various conditions determined the product's robustness and shelf life. In comparison to previous choices, the final formulation showed enhanced compliance, stability, and acceptable physicochemical qualities. This study establishes the foundation for future clinical testing and large-scale manufacturing while highlighting the significance of novel techniques in pediatric pharmacotherapy.
Evaluating the impact of pharmacogenomics on postoperative outcomes in cardiovascular surgery patients
Authors: Bhoyar Naina , Nirmal Chandu Himanshu
Published: February 2025

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is complex and mind-boggling. Overall, CVD is responsible for about one out of every four deaths. The phrase "cardiovascular disease" (CVD) often refers to a collection of fundamental, persistent abnormalities in the heart and veins that comprise the cardiovascular system. Therefore, with the correct drugs, these covering illnesses can be prevented or alleviated. Many prescriptions are commonly used since one medication is insufficient to treat a condition. Experts are forced to treat CVD aggressively due to the high rates of death and horror, which may cause severe drug reactions. At any rate, some people are unlikely to react favorably to the highest recommended dosage of the medication. Hereditary variation has been linked to the severity of illnesses such as circulatory strain and cholesterol levels, according to research on CVD.Pharmacogenomics holds potential for reducing adverse medication responses and increasing efficacy. It might significantly affect how cardiovascular disease is treated. With the creation of numerous pharmacogenetic tests over the last ten years, pharmacogenomics has evolved from the study of a single gene to genome-wide techniques. For cardiovascular pharmacogenomics to have the anticipated clinical impact, numerous obstacles must be removed. With an emphasis on adverse drug responses, pharmaceutical efficacy, recovery durations, and overall patient survival, this research paper assesses the effect of pharmacogenomics-guided treatment on postoperative outcomes.
Assessing the role of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pratap Dhimar Chandra , Vaishnaw Aayush
Published: February 2025

The most frequent nosocomial infection in surgical patients is surgical site infection. A cephalosporin is the suggested prophylactic antibiotic for the majority of patients having clean-contaminated operations (such as cardiothoracic, gastrointestinal, orthopedic, vascular, and gynecologic). The public is informed about hospitals' adherence to infection control protocols. Primary care doctors should be aware of the Surgical Care Improvement Project's recommendations since they assist with patients' pre- and postoperative care. This meta-analysis and systematic review aim to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing surgical wound infections during various surgical procedures. By integrating data from observational studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), this review seeks to demonstrate the impact of prophylactic antibiotic use in reducing the incidence of both superficial and deep surgical wound infections when compared to placebo or no antibiotics. The investigation will examine the effectiveness of different antibiotic regimens as well as the optimal timings, dosages, and durations of antibiotic administration. Additionally, the evaluation will examine the impact of patient-related factors, such as comorbidities, on the effectiveness of prophylaxis. The primary outcome will be the rate of surgical wound infections, with the length of hospital stay, adverse events, and medical costs acting as secondary outcomes. By addressing the gaps in current clinical practice, this review will offer evidence-based recommendations for the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical settings. Future clinical guidelines and practices will be guided by these suggestions in an effort to enhance patient outcomes and reduce healthcare expenses
Assess the effect of clinical pharmacy services on pediatric patient outcomes, including hospital readmissions and quality of life
Authors: Shrivastava Pranjul , Syed Sabir Ali Syed Sajid Ali
Published: February 2025

It has been demonstrated that clinical pharmacy services enhance patient outcomes across a range of demographics. It is unknown, therefore, how these services affect the results of pediatric patients. to evaluate how clinical pharmacy services affect pediatric patients' quality of life and hospital readmissions. Clinical pharmacy services can enhance quality of life and decrease readmissions to hospitals for pediatric patients. The inclusion of clinical pharmacy services in pediatric care is supported by these findings. The current dissertation focuses on the quality of prescribing practices and the monitoring of medication safety, specifically the surveillance of these practices once regulatory bodies have determined that the drugs' efficacy, quality, and safety are sufficiently established for their use in clinical practice. The thalidomide tragedy in the early 1960s raised awareness of the dangers of medicines. In addition to strict approval processes, a plan was created to keep an eye on the safety of marketed medications because of the significant increase in risk. Pharmacovigilance is in charge of the scheme's theoretical foundation as well as its actual execution. The primary foundation of an implementation pharmacovigilance approach is a (spontaneous) reporting system that allows medical practitioners to report any suspicions of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which are then investigated. This thesis examines the quality of prescribing practices and pharmacovigilance, including what they involve and how they might be enhanced.
Development of a pediatric medication adherence program: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gupta Khushboo , Kumar Sahu Kishor
Published: February 2025

A serious health concern that necessitates ongoing behavioral treatment is medication nonadherence. The lack of adequate medical resources and the patient's or family's time commitment for weekly therapy are the main obstacles to receiving the proper self-administration assistance. We frame the methods for the Telehealth Improvement of Adherence to Medicine (Group) analysis to address prescription nonadherence in children with IBD. Participants in this test, who will be selected from seven pediatric emergency clinics and range in age from 11 to 18, will undergo a 4-week initial period to gauge consistency with a daily medication regimen. Randomization will be used to determine which patients take less than 90% of their recommended dosage. A total of 194 IBD patients will be randomly assigned to either the education only (EO) or telehealth behavioral treatment (TBT) arm. Telehealth video conferencing will be used to provide all medications. At gauge, three, six, and one year after therapy, the patients will be assessed. We predict that, in comparison to those in the EO arm, those in the TBT arm will exhibit a quantifiably significant improvement in drug adherence and optional outcomes (i.e., sickness seriousness, patient personal satisfaction, and utilization of medical services) at post-treatment and 3-, 6-, and year follow-up. If successful, the TEAM intervention might be widely implemented and lower obstacles to health care access, allowing patients to obtain much-needed self-management support. According to these criticisms, if patients' adherence levels decline as a result of positive role arrangements, there may be an increase in the useful use of certain conditions and longer-term remedial costs may also surpass shop subsidized pharmaceutical prices.
Empowering Adolescents in Stunting Prevention: A Literature Review on Educational Media and Methods
Authors: Dwisafril Hairil Ria , Ahmad Mardiana , Budu Budu , Handayani Idrus Hasta
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The Indonesian Health Survey (IHS) data in 2023 stated that the prevalence of stunting was 21.5%.  One form of handling stunting with nutrition and health education, especially for adolescents who will later give birth to a healthy generation.
Methode: The literature review is based on national and international scientific journals on educating adolescents on stunting management. Publications between 2019-2024 databases; PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Obtained by using keywords; education, teenager, handling, stunting. There were 105 articles identified, then 80 literatures were screened. Further selection related to abstract, full text, open access type of research obtained 50 articles. The final process is to read and select eligible articles based on the criteria obtained 30 relevant articles consisting of 10 international journals and 20 national journals with the Population is all adolescent girls.
Result: There were 30 articles that met the criteria, explaining about adolescents, stunting and education for adolescents about handling stunting and the media used in education for handling stunting. Educational media are booklets, audio, whatsapp, social media, stunting prevention cards while educational methods are training and brainstorming.
Conclution; Educational outreach can improve adolescents‘ knowledge of nutritional intake (iron and protein), understanding of 1000 HPK and Fe tablet consumption as well as improve adolescents’ attitudes and behaviour in stunting prevention. Education can provide significant results that must be supported by media. The delivery of education using good media such as videos, digital booklets, whatsapp and Stunting Prevent Card will make it easier for adolescents to understand the educational material presented.
Analyzing the Influence of Digital Media on the Perceived Urgency of Neonatal Surgical Conditions Among Parents
Authors: Ahmed Yasir , Singh Jitendra , Bhardwaj Ramiyan , Raza Andleeb
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of digital media exposure on parental perceptions of neonatal surgical conditions and decision-making behaviours. A sample of 168 parents from GMC Jammu Hospital and Sikims Hospital, Kashmir, completed a structured questionnaire assessing media consumption patterns and healthcare-related decisions. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied to analyze the relationships between digital media exposure, urgency perceptions, and decision-making behaviors. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between exposure to neonatal surgery-related media content and heightened perceptions of urgency (r = 0.992), as well as a strong influence of media frequency and content type (e.g., expert-driven and emotional content) on parental decision-making. These findings feature the critical role of digital media in shaping healthcare perceptions, highlighting the importance of expert-led, emotionally balanced content in neonatal health education.
Curcumin Nanofibers for Effective Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer: Formulation Development
Authors: Naga Aparna Tatapudi , Padiyar Anirudh , Singh Gurinderdeep , Chandrakantbhai Vaghela Mausami , Bhagat Patil Arvind R. , Bairagi Shriram , Kailaspati Prabhakar Chittam
Published: February 2025

Diabetes often causes wounds to heal more slowly and to worsen over time, leading to diabetic wounds or diabetic foot ulcers. With increase in cases of diabetic patients, the number of patients with diabetic wounds is also increasing. In research for the treatment of these wounds, nanofibers and nanogels are observed to be one of the effective ways to cure diabetic wounds. Curcumin was also found to be effective in lowering inflammation and fastening the healing rate. Aim of present research was to formulate curcumin nanofibers with collagen originated from fish. Drug permeation study suggested highest release pattern of F4 nanofiber with maximum amount of collagen content. Further, kinetic studies revealed that n value was less than 0.45 which means diffusion and permeation mechanisms followed. Optimized nanofiber showed antibacterial and antioxidant activity due to presence of curcumin extract. It is anticipated that nanofiber with regulated curcumin release capabilities would be considered as a possible treatment option for diabetic foot ulcers.
Antidiabetic Management Strategies for Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Nandikola Jaya Raju , Rangnath Wayal Sandesh , S. Vijayabanu , B.N. Ravindra , K.S. Keshava , Chatterjee Arindam , Jaganmohan C. , R. Bhise Manish , Devarakonda Surya
Published: February 2025

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions, with insulin resistance playing a central role. Antidiabetic drugs, particularly insulin sensitizers such as metformin, are essential in managing both metabolic and reproductive aspects of PCOS. This article explores the effectiveness of antidiabetic medications in PCOS management, focusing on metformin, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors. The integration of these pharmacological agents with hormonal therapies, such as oral contraceptives, offers a comprehensive approach that targets both insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Additionally, the role of lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise, is examined as a critical complement to pharmacotherapy. The article highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches and further research to optimize combination therapies for long-term outcomes. Ultimately, antidiabetic management strategies, when combined with hormonal and lifestyle modifications, represent a multifaceted approach to improving both metabolic and reproductive health in women with PCOS.
A review on integrating organ-on-chip microphysiological systems into early phase clinical trials for accelerated drug development
Authors: Tiwari Gaurav , Thilagam E. , Ramachandran Dhani , V. Chinni Suresh , Gajananrao Thakare Vijay , S Hunge Sudhir , Raghavendra Rao Nidgurthi Guggulla
Published: February 2025

Organ-on-chip (OOC) microphysiological systems have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional in vitro and animal models for drug development. These advanced platforms recreate the complex microenvironment and physiological functions of human organs, enabling more accurate predictions of drug efficacy and toxicity. The complex tissue-tissue interfaces, biochemical gradients, and mechanical cues found in vivo can be simulated effectively by OOC systems providing a powerful way for preclinical drug screening and testing. The integration of OOC systems into early phase clinical trials has the potential to revolutionize drug development by bridging the gap between preclinical studies and human clinical outcomes. This approach allows for the evaluation of drug candidates in a more physiologically relevant context, taking into account factors such as organ-specific responses, inter-individual variability, and disease-specific conditions. The incorporation of patient-derived cells and the development of multi-organ platforms further enhance the predictive power of OOC systems, enabling personalized medicine approaches and the assessment of systemic effects. However, challenges such as standardization, validation, scalability, and regulatory acceptance need to be addressed to fully realize the potential
of OOC systems in clinical settings. As the knowledge on OOC systems advances, their integration into early phase clinical trials is expected to streamline the drug development process, reduce the reliance on animal testing, and accelerate the translation of basic research into safe and effective therapies for patients.
Evaluating the safety and efficacy of novel mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases
Authors: Nanda Naimish , Syed Sabir Ali Syed Sajid Ali
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the advent of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has revolutionized the landscape of infectious disease prevention. Unlike traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines leverage a synthetic strand of mRNA encoding specific antigens, which, upon delivery into the host cells, triggers an immune response without introducing live or attenuated pathogens. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of novel mRNA vaccines designed for a range of infectious diseases, with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and emerging zoonotic viruses.  The research employs a multi-phase methodology comprising preclinical and clinical trials. Preclinical studies assess the immunogenicity and safety profile in animal models, highlighting mRNA stability, delivery efficiency, and immunotoxicity. The clinical trials, spanning phases I through III, involve diverse populations, including pediatric, adult, and immunocompromised groups. Key endpoints include antibody titers, cellular immune responses, and the incidence of adverse events. Preliminary findings demonstrate a favorable safety profile, with mild to moderate reactogenicity reported in most cases. The efficacy, measured by neutralizing antibody levels and real-world protection against infections, exceeds 90% in several candidate vaccines. Additionally, the modular design of mRNA vaccines facilitates rapid adaptation to emerging pathogens, offering a significant advantage in outbreak scenarios. Despite promising results, challenges persist, such as cold-chain logistics, long-term durability of immunity, and addressing vaccine hesitancy. This research underscores the transformative potential of mRNA vaccines in combating infectious diseases while emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and innovation to address limitations.
Neonatal intensive care: outcomes and long-term developmental implications for preterm infants
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Kumar Sahu Mahendra
Published: February 2025

Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) offer preterm infants’ life-saving medical interventions to help them survive complications related to prematurity. Preterm infants still face major obstacles in terms of long-term developmental outcomes, even though the immediate results of NICU care, such as survival rates and the avoidance of acute morbidity, have improved over time. This abstract explores the intricate connection between NICU care and preterm infants' long-term development and health, with a particular emphasis on cognitive, motor, and social-emotional outcomes. According to studies, preterm babies especially those born at extremely low birth weights—are more likely to experience behavioral issues, learning disabilities, and neurodevelopmental delays as they get older. However, improvements in NICU procedures, including better nutritional interventions, developmental care, and respiratory support, have improved overall prognosis. Long-term developmental obstacles still exist despite these advancements, calling for constant observation and early intervention techniques. This article examines current studies on the results of preterm infants treated in the intensive care unit (NICU), focusing on the long-term health consequences and the significance of early therapeutic interventions in reducing developmental risks. To improve the quality of life and developmental paths of preterm infants, it emphasizes the necessity of ongoing innovation in neonatal care as well as extensive follow-up services.
Evaluating the safety and efficacy of pediatric medications: a comprehensive review of pharmacological interventions in children
Authors: Gupta Khushboo , Kumar Sahu Kishor
Published: February 2025

The physiological and developmental differences between children and adults create special challenges for the safety and effectiveness of medications in pediatric populations. To assess the available data on pharmacological interventions in pediatric care, this review will concentrate on the safety characteristics and therapeutic results of frequently prescribed drugs. We look at pharmacokinetics, clinical research, and drug approval procedures that affect children's medication use, paying special attention to dosage recommendations, side effects, and long-term consequences. Furthermore, we examine the regulatory structures that oversee pediatric drug trials, emphasizing the necessity of more development of formulations and research that is age-appropriate. By giving clinicians, researchers, and policymakers a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of pediatric pharmacotherapy, the findings hope to increase the safety and effectiveness of medications for kids.
Improving pediatric pain management: a comparative analysis of pharmacologic vs. non-pharmacologic treatments
Authors: Sahu Prerana , Patel Ritesh
Published: February 2025

To manage pediatric pain, this study compares the effectiveness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmacologic treatments. A comprehensive review of the literature was carried out, looking at research that evaluates the results of both kinds of child interventions. Although they are frequently used, pharmacologic treatments, such as analgesics and anesthetics, can have long-term effects and adverse effects. Physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and alternative therapies are examples of non-pharmacologic treatments that may be beneficial without the risks associated with pharmaceutical interventions. According to the findings, a multimodal strategy that combines pharmaceutical and non-pharmacologic techniques offers the best possible pain relief with the fewest possible adverse effects.