bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Thermodynamic Evolution of Coronal Mass Ejections Using Their Kinematics
Authors: Mishra Wageesh , Wang Yuming
Published: September 2018

Earlier studies on coronal mass ejections (CMEs), using remote sensing and in situ observations, have attempted to determine some internal properties of CMEs, which were limited to a certain position or a certain time. To understand the evolution of the internal thermodynamic state of CMEs during their heliospheric propagation, we improve the self-similar flux-rope internal state model, which is constrained by the measured propagation and expansion speed profiles of a CME. We implement the model in a CME that erupted on 2008 December 12 and probe the internal state of the CME. It is found that the polytropic index of the CME plasma decreased continuously from 1.8 to 1.35 as the CME moved away from the Sun, implying that the CME released heat before it reached an adiabatic state and then absorbed heat. We further estimate the entropy changing and heating rate of the CME. We also find that the thermal force inside the CME is the internal driver of CME expansion while the Lorentz force prevented the CME from expanding. It is noted that the centrifugal force due to poloidal motion decreased at the fastest rate, and the Lorentz force decreased slightly faster than the thermal pressure force as the CME moved away from the Sun. We also discuss the limitations of the model and approximations made in the study.
Behavioural adaptations of cave orb spiders
Authors: Hesselberg Thomas
Published: September 2018

Given the low abundance of flying insects in subterranean habitats, it is surprising that troglophile orb spiders in the genus Meta (family Tetragnathidae) are relatively abundant in subterranean habitats, especially in the twilight zone of European caves. As is the case for most subterranean invertebrates, we know very little about their behaviour. However, they have been reported to possess a number of specific behavioural adaptations to the cave environment. These include modifications of the traditional orb web such that webs do not have frame and anchor threads, but instead have the radii (the spokes in the web) attaching directly to the cave walls, and that cave spiders, unlike epigean orb spiders, allegedly engage in off-web foraging as well as on-web foraging. Here I review the evidence for these claims and compare these to the behaviour of epigean spiders in the related Metellina genus including preliminary comparative data on both morphology and web characteristics. In addition, I will discuss the potential of using the cave Meta spiders, especially M. menardi and M. bourneti, as model organisms for studying search behaviour, mate finding behaviour and sexual selection, as these spiders show an interesting life cycle with young instars leaving the cave environment to spend an instar in the epigean environment before returning. It is currently not known how spiderlings locate subterranean habitats, how males find female webs or whether the level of sexual selection is lower in the resource-limited subterranean habitat compared to the epigean habitat.
Microbial biomass has a key role in immobilization of organic nitrogen in Russão II cave (Goiás, Brazil).
Authors: Paula Caio Cesar , Bichuette Maria Elina , Seleghim Mirna Helena
Published: September 2018

Trophic gradient (dissolved organic carbon (DOC); total nitrogen (TN)) and carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass (MBC and MBN) were analyzed in Russão II cave (Brazil - 14º05'05.3"S 46º23'07.1"W). Two areas inside of the cave (Twilght Zone – TZ; Dark Zone –DZ) and one in surface (Epigean – Epg) were sampling. Microbial assimilation was evaluated by microbial quotient (MBC/DOC = qMic) and C/N microbial biomass ratio. Student’s t test was applied to verify significant difference data. There was a significant difference in DOC, TN and MBC in the three areas. The DOC ranged from 74.25 to 165.27 g kg-1, while TN ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 g kg-1. The highest DOC values were observed in Epg followed by TZ and DZ areas, respectively, evidencing a trophic gradient. DZ area showed the highest TN values, probably due to guano accumulation inside the cave. The most abundant element in guano is nitrogen (about 12%). Higher MBC values in Epg (812.63 mg Kg-1) and MBN values in DZ (83.25 mg Kg-1) were observed. However, there was not a significant difference in relation to MBN at the studied areas. The qMic and C/N were lower in DZ area. Vegetation presence all year in Epg influences the yield and quality of litter, thereby contributing to higher MBC levels. Microbial biomass is an important source of organic nitrogen which has been demonstrated by small variation among MBN and TN. qMic reflects the relation between microbial and organic carbon, suggesting a lower immobilization of DOC in microbial biomass and a higher rate of carbon mineralization. A lower immobilization rate of MBC in relation to MBN is also evidenced by the lower C/N. Microbial biomass is an important pool of organic nitrogen considering this lower ratio between C / N biomass and the largest amount of MBN inside the cave.
Viscous and heavy oils of Arctic zone
Authors: Yashchenko Irina
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of oils in North American, Scandinavian, and Russian sectors of the Arctic. The analysis of oil reserve distribution in the arctic territory and aquatory shows that the Russian sector is much higher in oil reserves than North American and Scandinavian sectors. A study of physicochemical properties of viscous and heavy oils in the Russian part of the Arctic is presented in this paper. Using a global database on physical and chemical properties of oils, analysis of the distribution of viscous, heavy oils in terms of the volumes of their reserves was carried out. It is known, that heavy and viscous oils account for slightly more than 33 % of the total samples. The criteria necessary to classify oils as hard-to-recover oil reserves are determined. The features of the physico-chemical properties of these oils are studied under various conditions of the Arctic. The results of a comparative analysis of hard-to-recover oils from the main basin West Siberian of the Arctic zone of Russia are given, which made it possible to establish the features of the physicochemical properties of oil. The results of the research can be used to develop new and improve existing methods and technologies for oil production and refining.
Marx ou le fétichisme inversé. Comment l’anthropologie de « la religion » délimite la critique terrestre
Authors: Amer Meziane Mohamed
Published: September 2018

Cet article montre que l’anthropologie religieuse est le point aveugle du marxisme. Il renvoie dos-à-dos l’athéisme communiste et les théologies de la révolution en les saisissant comme deux faces d’une même hégémonie biblique s’exerçant sur le langage des luttes d’émancipation. Il analyse ensuite la façon dont la construction croisée des concepts de religion et d’aliénation limite la critique du capitalisme et de l’État. La critique terrestre devrait donc être refondée si l’anthropologie qui la soutenait s’écroule.
Le marxisme dans la théologie de la libération aujourd’hui
Authors: Martínez Andrade Luis
Published: September 2018

Cet article aborde le contexte socio-politique et culturel actuel dans lequel se développe la théologie de la libération. Ainsi, en analysant le rapport au marxisme de certains théologiens de la libération (tels que Leonardo Boff, Enrique Dussel et Franz Hinkelammert), il mettra en évidence la place qu’il occupe aujourd’hui dans ce courant de pensée.
Traduire Aufhebung chez Marx. Fausse querelle et vrais enjeux
Authors: Sève Lucien
Published: September 2018

Le concept d’ Aufhebung , repris par Marx de Hegel et réélaboré par lui, pose un problème notoire de traduction. Lucien Sève conteste le principe de sa traduction systématique par « abolition », pratique aujourd’hui constante, et plaide pour le recours en nombre de cas au mot « dépassement », position que Patrick Theuret dénonce dans un livre comme un révisionnisme sémantique et politique. Étudiant de près la question telle qu’elle se pose dans les Grundrisse , Lucien Sève montre que la traduction par dépassement est maintes fois imposée par le texte même. Sémantiquement, il n’est pas vrai que dépassement fasse perdre de vue le « travail du négatif ». Politiquement, réduire la conception marxienne de la révolution à une abolition la mutile gravement. Question de vive actualité, quand l’obsolescence patente du capitalisme en appelle non à une révolution à l’ancienne mais à un dépassement de nouvelle sorte.
Le développement local intégré au défi des médiations numériques entre pratiques collaboratives et solidaires
Authors: Duracka Nicolas
Published: September 2018

Le passage de la propriété à l’usage, conforme aux pratiques d’économie collaborative, peut avoir une incidence sur le développement territorial. En effet, cette nouvelle forme de partage vise à transformer le domaine de l’échange en insistant sur la plus-value de la relation. Par ailleurs, comme l’a démontré Emmanuelle Besançon (2014) dans sa thèse, les activités réciprocitaires raffermissent le lien social en intensifiant les relations de confiance entre les parties prenantes de l’échange. Elles sont alors le socle des relations réciprocitaires et du lien social qui définit les organisations de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Ainsi, à l’heure de la médiatisation accrue de l’économie collaborative, c’est l’explosion des médiations numériques qui révèle l’intérêt pour ces nouvelles pratiques. Toutefois, nous voudrions questionner la pertinence d’un rapprochement avec l’économie sociale et solidaire, qui plonge quant à elle ses racines dans un terreau historique plus riche, c’est-à-dire réfléchir au potentiel d’intégration des médiations numériques entre pratiques collaboratives et solidaires. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons interrogé les dynamiques locales. Plus précisément, nous avons engagé une démarche ethnographique qui nous a permis de restituer une étude de cas qui concerne l’émergence et l’évolution d’un espace de coworking à Clermont-Ferrand.
La mobilité durable entre collaborativité innovante et solidarité territoriale : quel rôle pour la médiation de l’écosystème Transalley – UVHC ?
Authors: Khainnar Smail
Published: September 2018

L’amplification des usages des TIC a induit des changements dans les modes de conception, de production, d’exploitation, et de gestion de divers biens et services. Ainsi, sur un plan économique, deux modèles, l’un collaboratif et l’autre social et solidaire, s’opposent et concourent tous deux à un développement harmonieux des territoires. Appliquée au domaine de la gestion de la mobilité urbaine et axée sur un cas applicatif, cette étude part d’un doute paradigmatique : peut-on imaginer la coexistence de ces deux modèles économiques dans un paradigme hybride où la composante numérique est centrale ?
L’impact des médiations numériques sur le développement de l’économie collaborative, sociale et solidaire : cas des partenariats public-privé
Authors: Bahri Cyrine
Published: September 2018

Cet article aborde la question de savoir si les médiations numériques peuvent « fondre » et « confondre » l’Économie collaborative et l’Économie Sociale et Solidaire au cœur d’un nouveau paradigme efficient pour le territoire en prenant en considération une forme particulière de collaboration, les Partenariats public-privé (PPP). Compte tenu de l’ambiguïté de la notion de PPP, l’intérêt de notre recherche porte sur la compréhension du fonctionnement de ces partenariats et l’enrichissement de la littérature disponible sur le sujet, en identifiant, d’une part, les obstacles inhérents à leur formation et, d’autre part, les facteurs clés de leur réussite. Notre démarche adopte un angle axé sur l’environnement et le bien-être dans les territoires, tout en identifiant l’effet du numérique sur cette combinaison inter-secteur. Le sujet étant peu abordé, une étude exploratoire s’est imposée à nous, à travers une analyse qualitative basée sur cinq entretiens semi-directifs avec des porteurs de projets issus des deux secteurs, public et privé, et sur une observation participante réalisée au sein d’une entreprise multinationale décrivant des projets innovants dans le cadre de partenariats avec la partie publique. Pour cela des propositions théoriques relatives à ce sujet ont été formulées. Les résultats de notre recherche montrent que les PPP peuvent s’intégrer au sein d’une économie collaborative dans le but d’assouvir un besoin social et environnemental. Cependant, ces projets ne peuvent voir le jour sans l’intervention d’un médiateur numérique pour faciliter les échanges entre les partenaires. De plus, il a été démontré que l’économie de partage et l’économie sociale et solidaire peuvent s’harmoniser grâce à l’avènement du digital. Ces résultats, quant à ce mode de développement, sont plus probants compte tenu du terrain de recherche, à savoir la Tunisie, un État en phase de renouvellement.
Open data et émergence de communs de la donnée dans les territoires : les nécessaires médiations
Authors: Capelle Camille , Lehmans Anne
Published: September 2018

La mise à disposition et l’accessibilité des données ouvertes s’inscrivent dans un projet de partage et dans une logique de communs de la connaissance congruente à celle de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Pourtant, les données ouvertes restent en dehors de l’écosystème informationnel de la plupart des entreprises, des structures de formation et des citoyens. Un enjeu essentiel de l’ open data reste la création des conditions de transition vers une économie sociale et solidaire, qui repose sur la mise en place de médiations et la nécessité de diffuser une culture des données.
Pour introduire le narcissisme… Commentaires d’anthropologie clinique
Authors: Douville Olivier
Published: September 2018

L’auteur reprend les principales articulations de l’essai de Freud « Pour introduire le narcissisme ». Précisant ce qu’est l’action spécifique qui signe le passage de l’autoérotisme au narcissisme primaire, il explore les différents aspects du lien à la mère comme support de subjectivation. Explorant comment Freud définit la formation des idéaux, il reprend la thèse de l’étayage du narcissisme secondaire sur le narcissisme primaire. Vient ensuite une discussion portant sur la façon dont ces modèles freudiens peuvent, en extension, être utilisés et discutés concernant des cultures non européennes. Ainsi, pour nombre de familles africaines, les modalités de la distribution des rôles maternels et paternels sont-elles à décrire autour de cette question : à qui appartient l’enfant ? L’anthropologie des mondes traditionnels ne suffit pas à éclairer notre pratique clinique car nous rencontrons des sujets marqués par l’exil et la recomposition des liens à l’ancêtre. Comment entendre aujourd’hui le retentissement qu’ont sur les constructions narcissiques ces phénomènes d’exil et de migration ?
Narcissisme et psychose
Authors: Delhommeau Laurent
Published: September 2018

Dans la schizophrénie, l’atteinte du narcissisme est loin de ce que l’on observe dans les névroses. La distinction entre narcissisme originaire et narcissisme spéculaire permet d’approcher les mécanismes de ce type de structuration psychotique, et de développer des possibilités d’applications pratiques, dans la clinique et dans les soins.
Figures du monstre en psychothérapie analytique
Authors: Georgelin Mélanie
Published: September 2018

Nous proposons d’interroger la figure du monstre telle qu’elle émerge au cours de psychothérapies analytiques d’enfants accueillis en itep . Le monstre, en tant que résurgence et figuration de l’archaïque, offre un support identificatoire aux enfants et permet la relance des processus de pensée au cours d’une période de latence gravement perturbée. Nous aborderons deux cas d’enfants : Nils, de 7 à 9 ans et Tom, de 10 à 12 ans. À leurs côtés, nous tenterons de penser en quoi, et à quelles conditions, les monstres qui les occupent peuvent constituer des tentatives de symbolisation et de subjectivation au sein de la relation transférentielle. Enfin, il s’agira de lier question de l’origine et origine du mal, ou comment penser l’inhumain en l’homme, interrogation éminemment contemporaine au carrefour de la psychopathologie, la psychanalyse et la philosophie.
Apport de la recherche : de la pesée emmaillotée à un enveloppement institutionnel dans un centre de pmi au regard de la théorie de l’attachement
Authors: Lucas Anne
Published: September 2018

Cet article présente, étape par étape, les changements d’une pratique : la pesée emmaillotée dans un centre de pmi et qui concerne les enfants de quelques jours à deux mois. À travers les apports de la théorie de l’attachement, ce travail explore les motivations de départ chez la puéricultrice à l’origine de cette pratique ainsi que les différents remaniements opérés dans l’accueil et les échanges avec les parents et leur bébé. Du besoin d’enveloppement du bébé après la naissance à celui du parent d’être entouré lors de cette période particulièrement sensible, d’une pratique individuelle à une cohérence d’équipe et institutionnelle, l’apport de cette théorie a pu éclairer et enrichir cette pratique et cette réflexion professionnelle.
Entre mère et bébé : voix, rythmes et mélodies
Authors: Marpeau Pascaline , de Lépinay Jean-Marie
Published: September 2018

Le Groupe Berceuses et Comptines, qui a lieu chaque jeudi après-midi au Centre de psychopathologie périnatale du Boulevard Brune ( cpbb , Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne), réunit régulièrement une dizaine de mères avec leurs bébés de moins d’un an. C’est un groupe ouvert à tou(te)s, sans inscription ni consultation préalable. Les mères et les bébés viennent y partager les chansons, comptines et premières lectures proposées par l’orthophoniste, la puéricultrice et la psychologue qui animent le groupe, réanimer leur répertoire personnel et intime, découvrir et soutenir par cette médiation les compétences de leur bébé et enrichir leurs interactions précoces. Cet accueil régulier et bienveillant permet de soutenir les mères et les bébés dans cette période sensible où les parents risquent de se replier sur leurs difficultés et éventuellement de les accompagner dans l’accès aux soins.
Les mutuelles de santé reproduisent-elles les inégalités de santé au Bénin ?
Authors: Gankpe Gbètoho Fortuné , Gankpe Emeraude Christhosana , Baleba Aubin Nino , Zinsou Laurenda , Mesenge Christian
Published: September 2018

Introduction : Il s’agit d’étudier à travers le profil des membres, la dynamique sociale et le mode de fonctionnement des mutuelles, les facteurs qui déterminent l’exclusion d’une couche de la population des mutuelles de santé. Méthodes : Dans une enquête transversale menée à Parakou au Bénin, cinquante patients de trois centres de santé parmi les dix qui forment le « Réseau de Soins Coordonnés » ont été sélectionnés de façon aléatoire pour des entretiens individuels. Deux focus group ont été organisés, l’un avec des adhérents et l’autre avec des non-adhérents aux mutuelles de santé. Résultats : Trente-sept patients sur cinquante étaient des non-adhérents aux mutuelles de santé, parmi eux 35 étaient âgés de moins de 35 ans avec une prédominance féminine (23 sur 37) avec un revenu mensuel faible (moins de 30 000 CFA). Des facteurs comme la dynamique de groupe, le sentiment d’appartenance au groupe et la confiance aux comités de gestion des mutuelles étaient les facteurs liés à l’adhésion ou non aux mutuelles de santé. Conclusion : En absence de système de couverture maladie universelle au Bénin, les mutuelles de santé constituent quasiment le seul système de protection sociale. Cependant l’adhésion de ces populations aux mutuelles de santé reste faible. Par conséquent, la contribution des mutuelles de santé dans cette région du Bénin sur l’accès aux soins de santé reste marginale en étant peu capable de faire adhérer les plus défavorisés.
The role of adjuvant probiotics to attenuate intestinal inflammatory responses due to cancer treatments
Authors: Thomsen M. , Clarke S. , Vitetta L.
Published: September 2018

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment regimens for gastrointestinal, peritoneal and pelvic tumours can disrupt the intestinal microbiome and intestinal epithelia. Such disturbances can provoke symptoms such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced gastrointestinal toxicity aggravating intestinal microbiome dysbiosis is postulated to adversely alter the intestinal microbiome, with a consequent induced pro-inflammatory effect that disrupts the intestinal microbiome-epithelia-mucosal immunity axis. Although not widely recognised, the intestinal mucosa is the largest and most densely and dynamically populated immune-environment. Cancer treatment adverse effects that affect intestinal and mucosal cells inadvertently target and disrupt resident intestinal macrophages, the cells that marshal immune activity in the intestinal mucosa by shaping pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities to control and eradicate infectious insults and maintain local homeostasis. Pathobionts (bacteria capable of pathogenic pro-inflammatory activity) and noxious environmental and bacterial antigens use the intestinal epithelia and gap junctions as a point of entry into the systemic circulation. This translocation movement promotes toxic sequelae that obstruct intestinal macrophage functions resulting in uncontrolled local and systemic pro-inflammatory activity, loss of phagocytic function and loss of expression of tight junction proteins. Probiotic bacteria as an adjunctive treatment shows efficacy in ameliorating enteropathies such as mucositis/diarrhoea resulting from chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens. As such we posit that an important benefit that warrants a further focused research effort is the administration of adjuvant probiotics to help reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia.
Detection of Divaška Jama corridors behind (to the SW) Trhlovca cave using low frequency high power ground penetrating radar
Authors: Kalenda Pavel , Tengler Rudolf , Šebela Stanka , Blatnik Matej , Gosar Andrej
Published: September 2018

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) named “Roteg” was used to detect known and unknown passages of Divaška Jama and Trhlovca caves in SW Slovenia. “Roteg’s” main characteristics are an extraordinary high power output (20 MW) and high voltage on antennas (up to 20 kV), which allows penetration more than ten times deeper than common GPRs. During the measurement we used 3-m long antennas (50 MHz) with a central frequency of 50 MHz and we clearly detected the reflections from the depth of 200 m after data processing. During field survey 22 profiles were completed with a total length of 4487.97 m. Pretnerjeva and Žibernova Dvorana chambers in Divaška Jama were well visible on radarograms. New big cavities, which were detected below profiles P18, P21 and P22, are almost all at the same level of 350 – 400 m a.s.l. There is another group of cavities at a level of 420 – 450 m a.s.l., which corresponds to Trhlovca. Both cave groups are separated by the gap which extends in the vertical direction, and probably presents a tectonic zone, which is as well visible on the radarograms. By the use of “Roteg” at the karst surface we were able to detect known caves, new - unknown caves and tectonic zones up to 200 m below the surface.Key words: ground penetrating radar, caves, karst, Divaška Jama, Trhlovca, Slovenia.Določitev rovov Divaške jame v JZ smeri za Trhlovco z uporabo zelo močnega nizkofrekvenčnega georadarjaNizkofrekvenčni georadar (GPR), imenovan »Roteg«, smo uporabili pri zaznavi znanih in neznanih rovov Divaške jame in Trhlovce v JZ Sloveniji. »Rotegove« glavne značilnosti so izjemna moč (20 MW) in visoka napetost do 20 kV na antenah, kar omogoča penetracijo, ki je več kot desetkrat globlja, kot jo dosežejo običajni georadarji. Med meritvami smo uporabili 3 m dolgi anteni (50 MHz) s središčno frekvenco 50 MHz. Tako smo po obdelavi podatkov jasno zaznali odboje iz globine 200 m. Med terenskimi meritvami smo izmerili 22 profilov s skupno dolžino 4490 m. Pretnerjeva in Žibernova dvorana v Divaški jami sta bili dobro vidni na georadarskih profilih. Nove velike jame, ki smo jih zaznali pod profili P18, P21 in P22, so skoraj vse na istem nivoju, 350–400 m nad morjem. Druga skupina jam na nadmorski višini 420–450 m ustreza Trhlovci. Obe skupini jam sta ločeni z vrzeljo v navpični smeri, ki je verjetno tektonska cona in je dobro vidna na georadarskih profilih. Z uporabo »Rotega« na kraškem površju smo določili znane jame, nove neznane jame in tektonske cone do globine 200 m pod površjem.Ključne besede: georadar (GPR), jame, kras, Divaška jama, Trhlovca, Slovenija.
Solving Multi-Objective Multicast Routing Problem Using a New Hybrid Approach
Authors: Mahseur Mohammed , Boukra Abdelmadjid , Meraihi Yassine
Published: September 2018

Multicast routing is the problem of finding the spanning tree of a set of destinations whose roots are the source node and its leaves are the set of destination nodes by optimizing a set of quality of service parameters and satisfying a set of transmission constraints. This article proposes a new hybrid multicast algorithm called Hybrid Multi-objective Multicast Algorithm (HMMA) based on the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) to evaluate and classify the population in dominated solutions and non-dominated solutions. Dominated solutions are evolved by the Bat Algorithm, and non-dominated solutions are evolved by the Firefly Algorithm. Old and weak solutions are replaced by new random solutions by a process of mutation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to find good Pareto optimal solutions compared to other algorithms.
Morphological Contour Based Blood Vessel Segmentation in Retinal Images Using Otsu Thresholding
Authors: Rubini S. Saranya , Kunthavai A. , Sachin M.B. , Venkatesh S. Deepak
Published: September 2018

Retinal image analysis plays an important part in identifying various eye related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and many others. Accurate segmentation of blood vessels plays an important part in identifying the retinal diseases at an early stage. In this article, an unsupervised approach based on contour detection has been proposed for effective segmentation of retinal blood vessels. The proposed morphological contour-based blood vessel segmentation (MCBVS) method performs preprocessing using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization followed by alternate sequential filtering to generate a noise-free image. The resultant image undergoes Otsu thresholding for candidate extraction followed by contour detection to properly segment the blood vessels. The MCBVS method has been tested on the DRIVE dataset and the experimental result shows that the proposed method achieved a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 58.79%, 90.77% and 86.7%, respectively. The MCBVS method performs better than the existing methods Sobel, Prewitt and Modified U-Net in terms of accuracy.
Structural Redesign of Pilot Training and the Automated Aircraft
Authors: Petitt Karlene
Published: September 2018

Flight skill loss due to the overuse of automation has become an industry concern. Aircraft accidents have been attributed to pilots' inability to manage their aircraft in manual flight resulting from unexpected changes in automation and loss of situation awareness. While aviation experts have associated these accidents to diminished stick and rudder skills from the overuse of automation, the problem may be attributed to how pilots are trained in automated aircraft. The FAA has encouraged pilots to manually fly to improve skills; however, limited opportunities for manual flight exist in the current international environment, with potentially less opportunities in the future due to NextGen compliance. A critical view of pilot training identifies how airlines could train pilots in modern day aircraft to maximize safety. The benefit of computer-based training to teach operating procedures, fixed based simulators versus level D full flight simulators, redesigning training programs to improve pilots' understanding through cognitive load theory, and the power of repetition will be addressed.
Understanding Games Through Complexity Thinking Approach
Authors: Deghedi Ghada Ahmed
Published: September 2018

The complexity theory and the concept of emergence is a theoretical framework that offers a vocabulary and tool for analyzing games as systems. Rather than dealing with a game as one complex adaptive system, this article uses the complexity thinking approach to study a game as a complex system composed of different levels of subsystems. Each level can be considered a complex system in itself; moreover, the interaction between a game's subsystems creates complex, dynamic, and often unpredictable behavior. For a detailed understanding of a game system and how complex it is, this article focuses on the concepts of complexity and emergence at three levels of a game system: the design level, play level and metagame level. This explanation is meant to guide game designers in incorporating the various emergent consequences of game play from the beginning of the design process.
Predicting Medical Resources Required to be Dispatched After Earthquake and Flood, Using Historical Data and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Papadopoulos Homer , Korakis Antonis
Published: September 2018

This article presents a method to predict the medical resources required to be dispatched after large-scale disasters to satisfy the demand. The historical data of past incidents (earthquakes, floods) regarding the number of victims requested emergency medical services and hospitalisation, simulation tools, web services and machine learning techniques have been combined. The authors adopted a twofold approach: a) use of web services and simulation tools to predict the potential number of victims and b) use of historical data and self-trained algorithms to “learn” from these data and provide relative predictions. Comparing actual and predicted victims needed hospitalisation showed that the proposed models can predict the medical resources required to be dispatched with acceptable errors. The results are promoting the use of electronic platforms able to coordinate an emergency medical response since these platforms can collect big heterogeneous datasets necessary to optimise the performance of the suggested algorithms.
Towards a Sentiment Analysis Model Based on Semantic Relation Analysis
Authors: Tran Thien Khai , Phan Tuoi Thi
Published: September 2018

Sentiment analysis is an important new field of research that has attracted the attention not only of researchers, but also businesses and organizations. In this article, the authors propose an effective model for aspect-based sentiment analysis for Vietnamese. First, sentiment dictionaries and syntactic dependency rules were combined to extract reliable word pairs (sentiment - aspect). They then relied on ontology to group these aspects and determine the sentiment polarity of each. They introduce two novel approaches in this work: 1) in order to “smooth” the sentiment scaling (rather than using discrete categories of 1, 0, and -1) for fined-grained classification, then extract multi-word sentiment phrases instead of sentiment words, and 2) the focus is not only on adjectives but also nouns and verbs. Initial evaluations of the system using real reviews show promising results.
Conductivity Study of Initial Stages of β-PdBi2 Formation on Bi/Si(111)
Authors: Ivanchenko Maxim Viktorovich , Borisenko Elena Anatolyevna , Ryzhkova Maria Valeryevna , Tsukanov Dmitry Anatolyevich
Published: September 2018

Bulk β-PdBi2 layered material is known as a low-temperature superconductor. Recently, ultrathin films of this material consisting of dozens of triple layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and demonstrated structural, electronic and superconducting properties similar to those of bulk crystals. In this paper, we showed that thin film of β-PdBi2 can be grown by alternative palladium and bismuth deposition and its electrical conductance was investigated at room temperature in comparison with the conductivity of bulk β - PdBi2.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B with Various Niobium Concentration
Authors: Tsesarskaya Anastasia , Tkachev Vladimir V. , Ilin Nikita , Kraynova Galina S. , Plotnikov Vladimir S.
Published: September 2018

The microrelief of the contact, free sides and cuts of three metal alloys with various niobium contents were studied. It is shown that samples with high niobium content are X-ray amorphous, the alloys FeCu1Si16B6, FeCu1Nb3Si16B6are characterized by an amorphous-crystalline structure. The change in the magnetic characteristics and electrical resistance of alloys in the course of thermomagnetic annealing is studied. It is shown that an increase in the Nb content in an alloy increases its temperature stability and the temperature of the onset of crystallization processes.
Laser-Printed Self-Organized Bimetallic Nanotextures for Multiwavelength Surface Enhanced Photoluminescence
Authors: Pavlov Dmitrii V. , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr A.
Published: September 2018

For biosensorics, photonics, chemistry, etc. there is a need for nanoelements supporting strong plasmonic response over a wide spectral range. In this study, we demonstrate bimetallic self-organized spallative craters fabricated with an inexpensive and high-performance direct femtosecond laser printing on the silver film surface followed by magnetron deposition of the Au nanopatches. Such Au nanopatches allows to extend the plasmonic response of the resulting bimetallic nanotexture over the visible spectral range as well as produce cascaded hierarchical surface nanotopography considerably multiplying the density of electromagnetic hot spots per individual element. The strong plasmonic response is confirmed by supporting finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculations, Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color analysis of the plasmon-mediated scattering as well as by detecting surface-enhanced photoluminescence (SEPL) of the different quantum emitters capping the surface of the bimetallic self-organized textures.
Surface Orientation Influence on the Langmuir Evaporation Characteristics of GaAs Substrates
Authors: Spirina Anna A. , Nastovjak Alla G. , Shwartz Nataliya L.
Published: September 2018

The dependences of congruent evaporation temperature Tc and the desorption activation energies of GaAs components on the substrate surface orientation are analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation. On the vicinal surfaces with the (111)A orientation at temperatures exceeding Tc, the metal droplets start to grow at step edges, and, with the (111)B orientation, the droplets nucleate randomly on the terraces. The droplet concentration on the (111)B surface is higher than that on the (111)A surface. The droplet-crystal interface roughness is different for (111)A and (111)B orientations. The Tc of (111)B surfaces is lower than that of (111)A surfaces. For both surface orientations, Tc decreases when the vicinal surface terrace width is shorter than the double gallium diffusion length. The gallium and arsenic desorption activation energies dependence on the vicinal surface misorientation is demonstrated. A sharp increase in the arsenic desorption rate is observed with an increase of the (111)A surface coating with liquid gallium.
Static and Dynamic Sorption of Free Amines on Surface of Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Nanolayers of Polymer
Authors: Galkina Anna N. , Sergeev Alexander A. , Leonov Andrei A. , Romashko Roman V. , Jiang Jyh Chiang , Liaw Der Jang
Published: September 2018

In this work, we present a novel pyrene-functionalized benzoxazine (Py-BZ)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) complex material as an efficient luminescent chemosensor for gaseous amines. It is shown that an interaction of poly(Py-BZ)/SWCNTs nanocomposites with analyte vapor leads to the increase of the intensity of luminescence. The response of these sensors to methylamines by static and dynamic flow measurement were studied.
SERS of a-C Thin Film on Ag, Au, Ag0.52-Au0.48 Alloy Nanoparticle Arrays with Normal Particles Size Distribution Formed by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Dubkov Sergey , Trifonov Alexey , Shaman Yuri , Kitsyuk Evgeny , Savitskiy Andrey , Polokhin Alexander , Gromov Dmitry
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of arrays of Ag0.52Au0.48 alloy nanoparticles. Arrays were formed by vacuum-thermal evaporation on an unheated substrate and subsequent low-temperature vacuum annealing. The TEM images of the obtained nanoparticle arrays and corresponding histograms of particle size distribution are shown. The transmission spectra of these arrays showing the displacement of the plasma frequency as a function of the mean particle size are obtained. Spectra of Raman scattering from a thin film of amorphous carbon in presence of AgAu particles are obtained, and a comparative analysis of Raman scattering amplification factors for pure Ag, pure Au and Ag0.52Au0.48 alloy nanoparticles is presented.
Thermally Stimulated Transformation of the Surface Nanoarchitecture of Ni-and Cu-Doped Oxide Coatings on Titanium
Authors: Rudnev Vladimir S. , Lukiyanchuk I.V. , Vasilyeva Marina S. , Zvereva A.A.
Published: September 2018

It has been shown that triangular nanocrystals with a thickness of ~ 50 nm and a height of ~ 500 nm, mainly containing copper oxides, are formed on the surface of Ni-and Cu-doped plasma electrolytic oxide (PEO) coatings on titanium during air annealing at 500-700 °C. Upon the annealing at 750-850 °C, rectangular nanoand micro-sized crystals presumably consisting of nickel tungstate cover the coating surface. At annealing temperatures above 850 °C, the brushes of Ni5TiO7whiskers having a diameter of tens to 200 nm and a length up to 10 μm are formed on the surface. The thermally stimulated change in the surface nanoarchitecture and the composition of nanoformations explains the change in the catalytic activity of the formed composites in oxidation of CO into CO2.
Formation and Electrochemical Properties of the Hydrophobic Composite Coatings on Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Egorkin Vladimir S. , Vyaliy Igor E. , Sviridov Nikolay S. , Minaev Alexander N. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Gnedenkov Sergey V.
Published: September 2018

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of 5754 aluminum alloy in a tartrate electrolyte was carried out to form a base layer. Composite fluoropolymer coatings were obtained on the base layers in two ways allowing the formation of two different types of morphological structure: a continuous polymer film and a multimodal islet relief. The resulted coatings exhibit substantially different wettability along with high level of barrier properties.
3D Structure Revealing of Thin Films by Means of Focal Series
Authors: Pustovalov Evgenii V. , Fedorets Alexander F. , Modin Evgenii B. , Tkachev Vladimir V. , Plotnikov Vladimir S.
Published: September 2018

The aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy era inspires the development of new research methods. Due to small aberration many of HRTEM applications have become more precise and reliable. The research presented in this paper is devoted to developing a new method for revealing the 3D structure of thin films by focal series processing. We have obtained the sum of the Fourie power spectra in the sliding window of focal series images. Relative defocus value for the minimum of the power spectra is a target function depending on the thin film roughness. For amorphous CoNiP alloy films the new method shows roughness of up to 8 nm for site 65*65 nm in X, Y planes.
Identification of Vibrational Modes in BaSi2 Epitaxial Films by Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Hoshida Hirofumi , Murakoso Naoki , Suemasu Takashi , Terai Yoshikazu
Published: September 2018

Infrared (IR) absorption and polarized Raman spectra were measured in BaSi2 epitaxial films to investigate the vibrational modes and the symmetry of Si4 cluster in BaSi2. By an analysis based on Raman and/or IR activity in the spectra, the symmetry of Si4 cluster was determined as Th-symmetry and the observed Raman lines and IR peaks were assigned to Ag, Eg, Fg, and Fu, respectively. In the three Raman lines of Fg-mode, one LO phonon line and two TO phonon lines were classified by the depolarization ratio of polarized Raman intensities.
Fabrication of Hybrid QDOLEDs from Core/Shell/Shell QDs and Conductive Organic Polymers
Authors: Kadim Akeel M. , Hammoodi Karrar A. , Salih Ghufran S.
Published: September 2018

Core/shell/shell of CdSe/CdTe/CdS QDs were prepared by chemical reaction and used to fabricate hybrid quantum organic light emitting devices (QDOLEDs). QDOLEDs were made-up using layers of ITO/PEDOT: PMMA/QDs/Alq3and ITO/PEDOT: PMMA/QDs/Alq3/TPBi devices which prepared by phase segregation method. The hybrid white light emitting devices consists, of four-layers deposited successively on the ITO glass substrate; the first layer was of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymer mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers. The second layer was QDs and the third layer was tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3) while the fourth layer was 1,3,5-tri(phenyl-2-benzimi-dazolyl)-benzene (TPBi) electron extraction layer (EEL)The results of the optical properties show that the prepared QDs were nanocrystalline with defects formation. The produced white light has suitable efficiency by confinement effect which creates the energy gap larger, so that the aim of the light sites are toward the center of white light color.The quantum dots organic light emitting devices (QDOLEDs) were characterized by electroluminescence (EL) at room temperature. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics indicate that the output current is good compared to the few voltages ( 4-6 V) used which gives acceptable results to get a generation of white light. The emissions affecting this white luminescence were detected depending on the chromaticity coordinates (CIE 1931). The correlated color temperature (CCT) was found to be about 6300 and 5290 K. Fabrication of QDLEDs from semiconductors material (CdSe/CdTe/CdS core/shell/shell QDs) with hole injection organic polymer (PEDOT) and electron injection from organic polymer molecules (TPBi) was successful in white light production.
Effect of Samarium Oxide on Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Silicate Glass Ceramics from Waste Material
Authors: Auwalu I.A. , Hotoro M.A.Y. , Jamo U.H. , Diso D.G.
Published: September 2018

This work indicates the synthesis of samarium doped zinc silicate (willemite) glass ceramics with different weight concentrations. Solid-state reaction technique was used to make up the samples, with waste rice husks as silicate source. The measurement of X-ray diffraction revealed sharp and broad diffraction peaks. Besides, the Field emission scanning electron microscope exhibited the poly grains morphology of the crystalline samples. Consequently, samarium strips were growing in size as the weight percent of dopant was increased. While Fourier transforms infrared spectra, showed slight variation peaks with diverse dopant concentrations. Then the energy band gaps of samarium doped willemite glass ceramics were reduced with the increment of samarium dopant concentrations. The photoluminescence measurement exhibited the red emission which agreed to the 4G5/2 → 6H11/6 (646.71 nm) under the blue excitation.
Reinforcement and Cutting Tools Interaction during MMC Machining - A Review
Authors: Chaudhari Mukesh , Kumar M. Senthil
Published: September 2018

Aluminum based metal matrix composites (AMMC) have found its applications in the automobile, aerospace, medical, and metal industries due to their superior mechanical properties. Fabricated Aluminum based metal matrix composites require machining to improve the surface finish and dimensional tolerance. Machining should be accomplished by good surface finish by consuming lowest energy and less tool wear. This paper reviews the machining of Aluminum based metal matrix composites to investigate the effect of process parameters such as tool geometry, tool wear, surface roughness, chip formation and also process parameters.
Assessment of the Applicability of Morphometric, Organoleptic and Phylogenetic Analyses to Differentiate Soft and Firm Flesh Bearing Trees of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Karunarathne S.I , Ranaweera L.T , Daundasekera D.M.K.C , Ananda G.K.S , Kannangara S.K , Ranathunga A.P.D.T , Madhukalpani O.V.S , Weebadde C.K , Sooriyapathirana S.D.S.S
Published: September 2018

Purpose : The aril/flesh of the fruitlets is the main edible part of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.). There are two flesh types; soft flesh (SF) (Wela) and firm flesh (FF) (Waraka) (i.e. highly preferred). There is no strategy available to identify FF plants at nursery or vegetative stages. Thus the present study was conducted to assess the applicability of leaf morphological variation and DNA bar-coding to differentiate SF and FF bearing jackfruit plants. Research Method : The syncarp morphology and sensory parameters of SF and FF ripen flesh were also assessed to check the variation with 10 trees from each flesh type. The trees were chosen from SF and FF types and leaves and mature syncarps were collected. The leaf and syncarp morphological variation, pH, soluble solids and ascorbic acid content were measured. The sensory parameters of the flesh types were ranked by employing a taste panel. The DNA bar-coding was carried out for two loci rbcL and ITS to identify the sequence variants.Findings : The leaf tip length was longer in SF, ascorbic acid content was higher in FF and all the other parameters were not different (P < 0.05). The SF leaves were elliptical whereas FF leaves were obovate. The association analysis revealed that the sweetness and sourness of flesh were inversely associated. The DNA bar-coding for rbcL and ITS showed that rbcL locus was not informative however, ITS locus can be used to characterize the genetic diversity of jackfruit.Research Limitations : The detected haplotypic variants must be further validated with a larger set of jackfruit trees collected from diverse sites.Originality/value : Three haplotypes were detected within ITS locus where CC haplotype is characteristic to SF and CT or TC is detected in FF enabling marker assisted seedling selection. This is the first reported study attempting to use sequence variants to differentiate SF and FF typed trees in jackfruit.
The Histone Demethylase LSD1 Regulates B Cell Proliferation and Plasmablast Differentiation
Authors: Haines Robert R. , Barwick Benjamin G. , Scharer Christopher D. , Majumder Parimal , Randall Troy D. , Boss Jeremy M.
Published: September 2018

B cells undergo epigenetic remodeling as they differentiate into Ab-secreting cells (ASC). LSD1 is a histone demethylase known to decommission active enhancers and cooperate with the ASC master regulatory transcription factor Blimp-1. The contribution of LSD1 to ASC formation is poorly understood. In this study, we show that LSD1 is necessary for proliferation and differentiation of mouse naive B cells (nB) into plasmablasts (PB). Following LPS inoculation, LSD1-deficient hosts exhibited a 2-fold reduction of splenic PB and serum IgM. LSD1-deficient PB exhibited derepression and superinduction of genes involved in immune system processes; a subset of these being direct Blimp-1 target–repressed genes. Cell cycle genes were globally downregulated without LSD1, which corresponded to a decrease in the proliferative capacity of LSD1-deficient activated B cells. PB lacking LSD1 displayed increased histone H3 lysine 4 monomethylation and chromatin accessibility at nB active enhancers and the binding sites of transcription factors Blimp-1, PU.1, and IRF4 that mapped to LSD1-repressed genes. Together, these data show that LSD1 is required for normal in vivo PB formation, distinguish LSD1 as a transcriptional rheostat and epigenetic modifier of B cell differentiation, and identify LSD1 as a factor responsible for decommissioning nB active enhancers.