bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based medicine: new in the search for evidence
Authors: Verbitskaya E. V. , Belousov D. Yu. , Kolbin A. S.
Published: October 2023

The review is focused on discussing new trends in DM, rethinking the evidence base medicine with an emphasis on demonstrating the efficacy and safety of new therapeutic agents and medical technologies, from gene editing to AI algorithms. At the same time, clinical trials of drugs are also not standing still, there is active development, new approaches, methods and designs are being developed. The process of drug development, registration and market launch of any drug takes a significant period of time, requires high financial costs and human resources. The gold standard of evidence-based medicine was initially considered to be RCTs, but at the same time, they have objective disadvantages: limited sample, inability to control all factors; insufficient follow-up time,negative impact on participants, inability to determine cause-and-effect relationships; limited measurement methods, limited budget and others. This review discusses the trends in the methodology of clinical research. The active implementation of new designs such as Adaptive Clinical Trials, "Master" protocols including Umbrella Study, Basket Study, Platform Studies, Master Observational Trials and the increased use of Single Patient Trials (N-of-1 trials) are allowing studies to become more efficient, relevant and applicable to real-life health care practice settings and patient-centered. In the review, we also look at both the pros and cons of the expanded use of biomarkers and Digital Endpoints in clinical trials and virtual clinical trials, which use mathematical models to study patient heterogeneity and its impact on various therapeutic questions. The process of expertise and regulatory approval continues to slow down the entry of drugs into the pharmaceutical market. The review considers changes in the approaches of regulators (FDA, EMEA and Russian Ministry of Health) to the drug registration procedure. The COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions have led to the need to expand the list of drugs with authorized accelerated registration. However, accelerated registration raises many questions regarding the sufficiency of the level of evidence and safety. As we can see a deep synthesis and integration of all available data is needed to achieve the next generation of evidence-based medicine. The major challenge in the next two decades will be to exploit the potential of multidimensional evidence generation by extracting, collating and generating large data sets of natural course of disease, genomics and all other omics analyses, all published clinical trials, RWD to provide next generation evidence.
Edukasi Dampak Kesehatan Mental dan Penangangan Sampah Rumah Tangga Selama Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Karina Adelia Ghitha , Zahira Nadhifa Alya , Caesaria Marcely , Ulhasanah Nova , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: October 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 saat ini telah menurun jumlah penderitanya, namun demikian perlu tetap waspada dengan menjaga kesehatan, kebersihan, dan 5M. Adanya pandemi dan langkah penangannya secara tidak langsung berdampak negatif pada kesehatan mental dan lingkungan. Untuk membangun wawasan masayarakat maka dapat dilakukan kegiatan berupa webinar. Kegitan webinar dilakukan dengan judul SEMU (Sebar Ilmu untuk Umum). Adapun dua tema yang diangkat adalah “Dampak Pandemi terhadap Masyarakat” dan “Dampak Pandemi terhadap Sampah Rumah Tangga”. Kegiatan ini diikuti sebanyak 133 peserta dan 147 peserta untuk masing-masing tema. Aktifnya peserta dalam mengisi feedback dan memberikan pertanyaan kepada narasumber memperlihatkan ketertarikan yang tinggi dengan tema yang dibawakan pada kegiatan ini.  Proses berpikir, perilaku, dan respons emosional orang terhadappandemi Covid-19 sangat bervariasi sesuai dengan latar belakang mereka sendiri dan komunitas tempat mereka tinggal. Beberapa masyarakat dapat mendapatkan informasi yang salah, ketidakpastian, dan ketakutan akan penularan dapat meningkatkan stres dan kecemasan, yang dapat menyebabkan kepanikan massal. Disisi lain, Covid-19 juga berdampak terhadap daur ulang sampah, sistem pengelolaan sampah, kuantitas sampah yang dihasilkan, dan komposisi sampah. Perubahan gaya hidup, terutama penyediaan kebutuhan sehari-hari, seperti maraknya penggunaan jasa antar ke rumah, telah mengangkat sampah kemasan seperti kertas dan plastik.
Pelatihan Sistem OJS dan Trik Publikasi Jurnal Ilmiah Bereputasi Pada Mahasiswa Akhir
Authors: Ilhami Susanti Dwi , Damayanti Damayanti , Lukiarti Ming Ming
Published: October 2023

Universitas YPPI Rembang merupakan salah satu kampus swasta yang terletak di kabupaten Rembang, yang telah memberlakukan kebijakan jalur luaran bagi mahasiswa semester akhir, sehingga semakin tinggi minat mahasiswa untuk mengambil jalur tersebut. Namun hal tersebut belum diimbangi dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan terkait sistem jurnal dan cara memilih publisher jurnal yang menyebabkan waktu publikasi yang relatif lama. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka dilakukan kegiatan pelatihan sistem publikasi dan cara memilih publisher pada mahasiswa semester akhir untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mahasiswa semester akhir terkait sistem OJS jurnal dan cara memilih publisher jurnal.  Metode kegiatan pelatihan ini mengusung konsep Training of Trainer (TOT). Melalui kegiatan pelatihan yang telah dilakukan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mahasiswa semester akhir   terkait sistem publikasi jurnal dan cara memilih publisher jurnal ilmiah yang bereputasi. Mahasiswa mampu melakukan publikasi secara mandiri melalui sistem OJS dari mulai submit sampai dengan artikel terpublikasi. Selain itu mahasiswa juga sudah mampu memilih jurnal yang bereputasi dan tidak bereputasi serta keyword yang digunakan untuk bisa menemukan publisher yang membutuhkan jurnal (call paper). Dengan demikian, kegiatan yang dilakukan telah mampu mempercepat mahaisiswa semester akhir di Universitas YPPI Rembang dalam mempublikasi jurnal.
Pemberdayaan UMKM di Karesidenan Semarang dan Banyumas Jawa Tengah Melalui Pendampingan Usaha Kuliner yang Sistematis dan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Radyanto Mohammad Riza , Adhi Antono , Hayati Enty Nur , Prihastono Endro
Published: October 2023

Era pandemi Covid-19 lalu membawa permasalahan yang bersifat multidimensional pada segala aspek kehidupan, termasuk adanya penurunan kinerja pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia khususnya Jawa Tengah. Mitra pengabdian mengalami penurunan omset rerata per bulan sebesar 78,4 %, dan penurunan permintaan pasar sebesar 96,4% mengakibatkan kondisinya ini semakin terpuruk dan masih terjadi hingga tahun kedua pandemi. Kegiatan pengabdian bertujuan untuk memulihkan kembali kinerja usaha UMKM khususnya mitra yang berada di 2 kota karesidenan yaitu Semarang dan Banyumas agar kembali seperti kondisi sebelum pandemi. Metode pemberdayaan yang digunakan berbasis sistem manajemen kinerja ini dilaksanakan selama 7 bulan pada usaha mikro sektor kuliner dan telah  diperoleh hasil yang signifikan. Kegiatan pengabdian telah terlaksana dengan baik dan lancar yang tercermin dari adanya kenaikan omset rerata sebesar 60 % dibandingkan sebelum pendampingan serta satu produk inovatif baru berlegalitas Pangan Industri Rumah Tangga (PIRT). Berdasarkan kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan metode pendampingan sistematis tersebut memberikan dampak yang positif dalam memperbaiki kinerja usaha UMKM dari sisi omset dan perluasan pasar.
Penyuluhan Jajanan dan Makanan Sehat Terhadap Pengetahuan Siswa
Authors: Fuadi Tuti Marjan , Raisah Putri , Nurhaliza Nurhaliza
Published: October 2023

Makanan jajanan memegang peranan yang cukup penting dalam memberikan asupan energi dan zat gizi lain bagi anak-anak usia sekolah. Jajanan anak sekolah yang kurang terjamin kesehatannya dapat berpotensi menyebabkan keracunan, gangguan pencernaan dan jika berlangsung lama akan menyebabkan status gizi yang buruk dan menyebabkan prestasi anak sekolah menurun. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan penyuluhan jajanan dan makanan sehat pada siswa di SD Abulyatama kecamatan Kuta Baro, kabupaten Aceh Besar. Metode dalam pengabdian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan pre-test dan post-test dengan instrumen kuisioner pengetahuan tentang jajanan dan makanan sehat. Penyuluhan dilakukan dengan pemaparan langsung. Hasil pengabdian pada 29 siswa menunjukkan sebelum penyuluhan kesehatan sebagian besar responden dalam kategori pengetahuan baik tentang jajanan dan makanan sehat yaitu 9 responden (31%), sedangkan 20 responden (69%) dalam kategori kurang baik. Setelah penyuluhan kesehatan sebagian besar responden dalam kategori pengetahuan baik tentang makanan dan jajan sehat yaitu 23 responden (79,3%), dan 6 responden (20,7%) dalam kategori kurang baik. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan pengetahuan siswa tentang jajanan dan makanan sehat setelah dilakukan penyuluhan.
Manajemen Diet DASH Melalui Pemanfaatan Labu Siam Sebagai Cemilan Sehat Bagi Lansia Hipertensi
Authors: Febriana Annisa , Lestari Devi Hairina , Pefbrianti Diana , Ifansyah Muhammad Noor
Published: October 2023

Hipertensi merupakan masalah global yang dapat terjadi pada berbagai kalangan, termasuk lansia. Pengendalian hipertensi perlu dilakukan dengan memberikan intervensi yang tepat kepada lansia. Penatalaksanaan diet DASH merupakan intervensi keperawatan alternatif yang dapat diberikan pada lansia dengan memperhatikan asupan garam dan lemak. Salah satu jenis makanan yang bisa dikonsumsi adalah labu siam yang diolah menjadi cemilan sehat berupa puding labu siam dan kue kukus rendah lemak. Berbagai penelitian menyebutkan bahwa labu siam terbukti efektif menurunkan tekanan darah. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan dengan memberikan edukasi tentang tata cara diet DASH dan mendemonstrasikan pengolahan jajanan sehat labu siam melalui tayangan video. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui pre test dengan memberikan kuesioner pengetahuan tentang penatalaksanaan diet DASH kepada lansia dan evaluasi akhir melalui tanya jawab dan observasi. Hasil menunjukkan ada peningkatan pengetahuan lansia dari hasil pre test 65,7% dan evaluasi akhir menunjukan 85% pengetahuan lansia meningkat. Penatalaksanaan diet DASH efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap lansia, perlu intervensi lebih lanjut dengan memberikan edukasi penatalaksanaan diet DASH dengan metode penyuluhan dan inovasi produk jajanan sehat dari berbagai makanan olahan yang dapat menurunkan dan mengontrol tekanan darah pada lansia hipertensi.
Ornamen Masjid Azizi Kota Tanjung Pura
Authors: Hermita Rani , Choiriani Fahrezi Thasya
Published: October 2023

Ornamen yang diterapkan pada bangunan Masjid Azizi sebagian besar menggunakan ornamen motif Melayu yang kemungkinan sudah terjadi pembaharuan bentuk serta perubahan warna pada ornamen yang membuat pergeseran arti pada ornamen tersebut. Penelitian ini, menganalisis tentang penerapan ornamen yang mengusung tema Melayu pada bangunan Masjid Azizi. Masjid Azizi akan dijadikan studi kasus dalam melakukan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, dengan menggunakan alat bantu berupa kamera untuk mengambil gambar ornamen pada bangunan Masjid, dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait ornamen yang terdapat pada bangunan Masjid Azizi tersebut. Proses penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kelestarian kebudayaan Melayu yang ada di Kota Tanjung Pura. Kemudian mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis penerapan bentuk ornamen dan warna yang digunakan pada Masjid Azizi Kota Tanjung Pura. Hasil akhir pada penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penerapan bentuk motif ornamen Melayu serta penggunaan warna-warna yang terdapat pada bangunan Masjid Azizi Kota Tanjung Pura.
Studi Komparasi Maskot-Maskot Non-Manusia dalam Menggambarkan Citra Institusi di Media Sosial
Authors: Rahmadini Siti
Published: October 2023

Maskot adalah segala bentuk manusia, binatang atau obyek yang kiranya akan membawa keberuntungan, atau untuk mewakili sebuah grup dengan identitas yang cukup umum seperti sekolah, tim olahraga, perkumpulan, unit militer atau nama merek. Berdasarkan ini, maskot juga dapat diterapkan untuk institusi agar audiens atau publik dapat menerima citra insititusi tersebut dengan mudah dan efektif ke masyarakat luas. Untuk mengetahui maskot seperti apa yang efektif untuk menyampaikan citra institusi, peneliti akan melakukan studi komparasi tiga maskot institusi Indonesia dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan teori persepsi visual Gibson agar bisa mengetahui bentuk seperti apa yang biasa diadaptasi untuk mewakili institusi Indonesia dan apa cukup cocok dengan konsep yang dibuat oleh institusi tersebut, di media sosial mana saja maskot ini diinformasikan (aktivasi brand) serta bagaimana interaksinya dengan publik. Dari penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa presensi maskot di media sosial cukup membantu untuk mengenalkan keberadaan institusi di publik (kesadaran brand). Akan tetapi, konten dari media sosial dan juga interaksinya dengan pengguna media sosial masih berperan lebih besar untuk pembentukan citra institusi di mata publik.
Pemberdayaan UMKM Melalui Pendampingan Legalitas Usaha Di Desa Cikahuripan, Lembang
Authors: Hamidaturrahim Ranaa , Wilodati  , Wulandari Puspita
Published: October 2023

Nomor Induk Berusaha (NIB) merupakan salah satu berkas legalitas usaha yang harus dimiliki oleh para pelaku UMKM. Dengan dimilikinya NIB oleh UMKM ini, maka akan memberikan kemudahan bagi mereka untuk mendapatkan akses terhadap hal-hal penting lainnya dalam bidang administrasi usaha. Pemerintah akan lebih mudah menjangkau UMKM yang memiliki NIB untuk diberikan bantuan berupa program pelatihan dan pengembangan usaha yang tepat sasaran. Akan tetapi, fakta di lapangannya masih banyak UMKM yang belum mengetahui pentingnya memiliki NIB dan tidak tahu bagaimana cara untuk mendapatkannya. Pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan ini memiliki tujuan utama yaitu untuk memberikan pendampingan legalitas usaha kepada masyarakat RW 07 Desa Cikahuripan, Lembang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat yang belum memiliki Nomor Induk Berusaha. Program pemberdayaan UMKM ini dilaksanakan secara luring di Desa Cikahuripan untuk mendaftarkan NIB sesuai dengan prosedur yang berlaku. Program dilaksanakan sebanyak tiga kali karena banyak masyarakat di luar data peserta awal yang ternyata berminat untuk mengikuti program pendampingan pendaftaran NIB ini. Terdapat sejumlah 12 peserta pada hari pertama, bertambah 13 peserta di hari kedua dan 31 peserta di hari ketiga. Maka tercatat total 56 peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan ini dan berhasil mendaftarkan NIB mereka. Terakhir, beberapa dari peserta diantaranya mengharapkan diadakan kembali program serupa agar mereka memiliki berkas legalitas usaha lainnya selain dari NIB.
GJ 357 d: Potentially Habitable World or Agent of Chaos?
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Fetherolf Tara
Published: October 2023

Multiplanet systems provide important laboratories for exploring dynamical interactions within the range of known exoplanetary system architectures. One such system is GJ 357, consisting of a low-mass host star and three orbiting planets, the outermost (planet d) of which does not transit but lies within the habitable zone (HZ) of the host star. The minimum mass of planet d causes its nature to be unknown, both in terms of whether it is truly terrestrial and if it is a candidate for harboring surface liquid water. Here, we use three sectors of photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite to show that planets c and d do not transit the host star, and therefore may have masses higher than the derived minimum masses. We present the results for a suite of dynamical simulations that inject an Earth-mass planet within the HZ of the system for three different orbital and mass configurations of planet d. These results show that planet d, rather than being a potentially habitable planet, is likely a source of significant orbital instability for other potential terrestrial planets within the HZ. We find that relatively small eccentricities of planet d cause a majority of the HZ to be unstable for an Earth-mass planet. These results highlight the importance of dynamical stability for systems that are prioritized in the context of planetary habitability.
New Insights on 30 Dor B Revealed by High-quality Multiwavelength Observations
Authors: Chen 陳 Wei-An 韋安 , Li 李 Chuan-Jui 傳睿 , Chu 朱 You-Hua 有花 , Ueda 上田 Shutaro 周太朗 , Wang 王 Kuo-Song 國松 , Liu 呂 Sheng-Yuan 聖元 , Chen 陳 Bo-An 柏安
Published: October 2023

The supernova remnant (SNR) 30 Dor B is associated with the H ii region ionized by the OB association LH99. The complex interstellar environment has made it difficult to study the physical structure of this SNR. We have used Hubble Space Telescope Hα images to identify SNR shocks and deep Chandra X-ray observations to detect faint diffuse emission. We find that 30 Dor B hosts three zones with very different X-ray surface brightnesses and nebular kinematics that are characteristic of SNRs in different interstellar environments and/or evolutionary stages. The ASKAP 888 MHz map of 30 Dor B shows counterparts to all X-ray emission features except the faint halo. The ASKAP 888 and 1420 MHz observations are used to produce a spectral index map, but its interpretation is complicated by the background thermal emission and the pulsar PSR J0537−6910's flat spectral index. The stellar population in the vicinity of 30 Dor B indicates a continuous star formation in the past 8–10 Myr. The observed very massive stars in LH99 cannot be coeval with the progenitor of 30 Dor B’s pulsar. Adopting the pulsar’s spin-down timescale, 5000 yr, as the age of the SNR, the X-ray shell would be expanding at ∼4000 km s−1 and the post-shock temperature would be 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that indicated by the X-ray spectra. Thus, the bright central region of 30 Dor B and the X-ray shell requires two separate SN events, and the faint diffuse X-ray halo perhaps other older SN events.
A Universal Equation to Predict Ωm from Halo and Galaxy Catalogs
Authors: Shao Helen , de Santi Natalí S. M. , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Teyssier Romain , Ni Yueying , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Genel Shy , Steinwandel Ulrich P. , Hernández-Martínez Elena , Dolag Klaus , Lovell Christopher C. , Garrison Lehman H. , Visbal Eli , Kulkarni Mihir , Hernquist Lars , Castro Tiago , Vogelsberger Mark
Published: October 2023

We discover analytic equations that can infer the value of Ωm from the positions and velocity moduli of halo and galaxy catalogs. The equations are derived by combining a tailored graph neural network (GNN) architecture with symbolic regression. We first train the GNN on dark matter halos from Gadget N-body simulations to perform field-level likelihood-free inference, and show that our model can infer Ωm with ∼6% accuracy from halo catalogs of thousands of N-body simulations run with six different codes: Abacus, CUBEP3M, Gadget, Enzo, PKDGrav3, and Ramses. By applying symbolic regression to the different parts comprising the GNN, we derive equations that can predict Ωm from halo catalogs of simulations run with all of the above codes with accuracies similar to those of the GNN. We show that, by tuning a single free parameter, our equations can also infer the value of Ωm from galaxy catalogs of thousands of state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations of the CAMELS project, each with a different astrophysics model, run with five distinct codes that employ different subgrid physics: IllustrisTNG, SIMBA, Astrid, Magneticum, SWIFT-EAGLE. Furthermore, the equations also perform well when tested on galaxy catalogs from simulations covering a vast region in parameter space that samples variations in 5 cosmological and 23 astrophysical parameters. We speculate that the equations may reflect the existence of a fundamental physics relation between the phase-space distribution of generic tracers and Ωm, one that is not affected by galaxy formation physics down to scales as small as 10 h
−1 kpc.
Impact of the Accretion Disk Thickness on the Polarization of the Thermal Emission from Stellar Mass Black Holes
Authors: West Andrew Thomas , Krawczynski Henric
Published: October 2023

The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, launched in 2021 December, enables precision measurements of the energy-dependent polarization of the X-ray emission from stellar mass and supermassive black holes. In this paper, we study the impact of the accretion disk geometry on the polarization of the thermal emission of mass-accreting stellar-mass black holes. We present a ray-tracing code that allows us to predict how the X-ray polarization energy spectra change as we dial up the thickness of the accretion disk from a geometrically thin accretion disk to a torus-shaped geometrically thick accretion disk. The results show that thicker disks can produce higher polarization degrees as the thick disk geometries lead to a larger fraction of X-rays reflecting off portions of the disk. We study the observational degeneracies between the disk shape on the one hand and the black hole spin and disk inclination on the other hand. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our studies for black hole spin measurements.
Mutual Aid and Technology in the Time of Covid
Authors: Firth Claudia
Published: October 2023

The pandemic afforded us a tiny glimpse of our interconnectedness to each other and to the planetary ecosystem. This article explores the mutual aid groups that emerged during the Covid-19 pandemic and the technologies that facilitated their proliferation in relation to Kropotkin's ideas. Although Covid Mutual Aid Groups (CMAGs) themselves have mostly disappeared as the acute crisis of the pandemic has faded, it is still unclear what, if anything, the political implications of this emergence of mutual aid might be, or if it might contribute to any kind of paradigm shift. This article examines the intersections between organisation and media in relation to the CMAGs, and, focusing on the UK context, reviews the original concept of mutual aid as conceived by Kropotkin, his ideas on technology, and his vision of a future of plenty for all. Borrowing from Cultural Studies, it maps some of the complexities of struggles of power and difference to trace what might be vying to emerge. It argues that a new common sense centred around 'social Kropotkinism' could be a way to develop what has been left of the CMAG's activities.
Quand la recherche accompagne les acteurs de l’alerte institutionnelle en France : entre science, expertise et médiation
Authors: Douvinet Johnny , Bopp Esteban , Vignal Matthieu , Foulquier Pierre , César Allison
Published: October 2023

Cet article propose une réflexion sur la façon dont les projets qui nous ont financés ont influencé nos pratiques et certains de nos questionnements, sur la thématique de l’alerte à la population en France. Deux questions sont posées : est-ce que sans ces financements nous aurions mené différemment nos travaux, et jusqu’à quel point les orientations de recherche ont été conditionnées par les appels à projets ? Les réponses sont ambivalentes mais riches d’enseignements. D’un côté, les financements ont permis d’affirmer notre positionnement, pour souligner toute l’importance d’une lecture territorialisée, systémique et interdisciplinaire de l’alerte, et d’élargir la focale par une meilleure prise en compte des besoins utilisateurs. D’un autre côté, nos recherches se sont confrontées à la réalité opérationnelle et à des prises de décisions politiques, qui ont contraint certains questionnements et qui nous ont obligés à adopter une position d’expertise et de médiation, allant parfois au détriment de la production de savoirs. L’enjeu pour nos futures recherches est désormais de trouver le juste milieu entre l’accompagnement des opérationnels et les réponses aux questions épistémologiques que notre courant de recherche fait émerger.
Liaisons variables et pataquès dans un corpus de chansons de tradition orale
Authors: Coutanson Gasparde , Badin Flora
Published: October 2023

Dans cette contribution, nous nous intéressons au lien qu’entretiennent la liaison et l’écrit, que ce soit au niveau de l’acquisition ou dans les productions de locuteurs analphabètes, en relevant au passage quelques graphies non conventionnelles. Nous étudions notamment un corpus ethnomusicologique de 498 chansons (18h23min, 89 853 mots, 5 787 contextes de liaison), le fonds Jean Dumas, recueilli en France dans les années 60. Ce corpus est remarquablement liaisonnant pour des chants transmis oralement et interprétés par des locuteurs pas ou peu lettrés et, en l’absence de pressions normatives de l’écrit, on y observe également un grand nombre de pataquès. Pour autant, les chanteurs semblent percevoir certaines subtilités linguistiques que la maîtrise de l’écrit aide normalement à saisir, comme le fait que les liaisons en [t] apparaissent après des verbes conjugués à la troisième personne.
Transhumance, commons, and new opportunities: A European perspective
Authors: Renes Hans , Kruse Alexandra , Potthoff Kerstin
Published: October 2023

Transhumance is a form of livestock management including seasonal movement of livestock and people. Based on literature studies, interviews, field conversations and visits, this article aims to show the different ways in which transhumance practitioners currently manage land – which to a large degree is different types of commons – and to discuss opportunities for sustainable future land management. Transhumance has been declining especially since the mid-20th century. While new opportunities for transhumance practitioners have occurred, such as landscape management for biodiversity purposes and urban transhumance, efforts to support transhumance need to be reinforced. Commons play an important role in providing access to land in rural and – to a limited degree – in urban areas.
Travail social, psychiatrie et alcoolisme dans les années 1950 au prisme des dossiers d’une consultation parisienne
Authors: Bras Anatole Le
Published: October 2023

À partir de l’observatoire d’une « consultation antialcoolique » ouverte en 1954 dans le 13e arrondissement de Paris, cet article étudie la manière dont le travail social a investi le nouveau champ d’action du suivi psychiatrique de l’alcoolisme, dans un contexte de mutations de la prise en charge médicale de cette maladie. Le contenu autant que la structure des dossiers de patients de la consultation, que nous mettons en regard avec des publications issues de revues médicales et de travail social, permettent d’approcher le travail quotidien des assistantes sociales, au plus près des alcooliques et de leurs familles. Nous montrons que l’action de l’assistante sociale, devenue centrale bien que subordonnée à celle du médecin psychiatre, s’enrichit d’une dimension psychothérapique et se caractérise par la recherche de la confiance du malade et de son adhésion au traitement, marquant ainsi une inflexion nette dans le rapport aux populations assistées. Cependant, ces évolutions ne suffisent pas à débarrasser le travail social de ses ambiguïtés constitutives et notamment de ses fonctions de contrôle et de surveillance, sources de difficultés, de malentendus et de conflits avec les malades et leurs proches.
L’anthropologie de l’enfant dans les romans de la rééducation des années 1950, récit et oppositions idéologiques
Authors: Pouteyo Michaël
Published: October 2023

À partir de l’examen d’une scène similaire dans trois romans reçus dans les années 1950 dans le domaine de l’enfance en marge, cet article entend montrer quelles oppositions et arrière-plans idéologiques ces romans permettent de resituer. Derrière des usages du récit et des stratégies discursives propres se font jour des conceptions de la rééducation bien différentes, qui reposent sur des anthropologies de l’enfant antagonistes qu’il s’agit d’identifier plus clairement.
Les théories de l’ordre social spontané à l’épreuve d’un retour du dessein : Mandeville et Hayek
Authors: Francatel Laurent
Published: October 2023

Bernard Mandeville est souvent présenté comme l’un des penseurs les plus importants des théories de l’ordre social spontané. Selon Friedrich August Hayek, B. Mandeville, dans son ouvrage La fable des abeilles (1714), rend possible une conception radicalement renouvelée de l’ordre social. L’ordre social est-il le produit d’un dessein humain ou, au contraire, faut-il voir en lui le résultat d’une formation spontanée ? Loin d’être le produit d’une quelconque intention humaine, l’ordre observé dans la société est le résultat d’un processus autorégulé et autoperpétuant. L’approche de Mandeville a pour but d’invalider toute forme de constructivisme social. La société est alors perçue comme un « édifice sans architecte » (Gilles Dostaler, Le libéralisme de Hayek). À l’instar des penseurs des Lumières écossaises, Mandeville soutient que l’ordre social est le produit de l’action des hommes mais non celui de leur intention.Cependant, ni Mandeville ni Hayek ne parviennent à éliminer radicalement la notion de dessein de leur approche de l’ordre social. Cet article a pour objectif de démontrer la permanence d’un dessein y compris dans les théories de l’ordre social spontané.
Le reverse mentoring au service de la formation à l’enseignement de la littérature pour le cours de français : faire de la formation initiale un outil de formation des enseignants tuteurs ?
Authors: Brunel Magali , Foliot Céline
Published: October 2023

Les recherches en didactique peinent à irriguer les pratiques d’enseignement. Cette enquête interroge la professionnalisation des tuteurs en charge de la formation initiale sur le terrain d’apprentissage. Convoquant deux domaines de recherche, didactique de la littérature et sciences de l’éducation et de la formation, l’étude mobilise une méthodologie centrée sur le suivi de binômes tuteurs-tutorés en établissement scolaire. Le but est d’identifier comment la préoccupation de la formation de la personne-élève fait l’objet de transactions dans le cadre du dispositif de formation tuteur-tutoré.
Standardization of processing parameters and color of gels aiming to replace citric pectin by mesocarp flour or pectin of passion fruit
Authors: Silva Juliana Resende Gonçalves , Oliveira Jhone Gleison de , Vieira Ricardo Augusto Mendonça , Resende Eder Dutra de
Published: October 2023

The processing of passion fruit generates a huge quantity of wastes, reaching 50% in mass of rind. The main use of the rinds is to produce rind flour or to be source of pectin as a gelling agent. This work develops a standard procedure to evaluate jelly products subjected to the same temperature histories and content of soluble solids along the processing time of the gel-based product, using different concentrations of mesocarp flour and pectin. The gels were evaluated by color patterns aiming to verify the applicability of mesocarp flour as substitute of commercial pectin in jelly of fruits. The quantitative analysis of the data for temperature histories and content of soluble solids enabled to confirm the standardization of the parameters used in the production of the gels, which is important to warrant the same processing conditions during the elaboration of the different types of gels. The gels made with passion fruit’s mesocarp flour have less translucent shades and a more yellowish color than the gels produced with commercial citric pectin, however, these small differences may not interfere in the final color of fruit jelly.
Complement Receptor C3aR1 Contributes to Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Mice and Rats
Authors: Xu Jijun , Huang Ping , Bie Bihua , Dai Yang , Ben-Salem Salma , Borjini Nozha , Zhang Lingjun , Chen Jin , Olman Mitchell , Cheng Jianguo , Lin Feng
Published: October 2023

Cancer chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is a devastating pain syndrome without effective therapies. We previously reported that rats deficient in complement C3, the central component of complement activation cascade, showed a reduced degree of paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia (PIMA), suggesting that complement is integrally involved in the pathogenesis of this model. However, the underlying mechanism was unclear. Complement activation leads to the production of C3a, which mediates inflammation through its receptor C3aR1. In this article, we report that the administration of paclitaxel induced a significantly higher expression level of C3aR1 on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) macrophages and expansion of these macrophages in DRGs in wild-type (WT) compared with in C3aR1 knockout (KO) mice. We also found that paclitaxel induced less severe PIMA, along with a reduced DRG expression of transient receptor potential channels of the vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4), an essential mediator for PIMA, in C3aR1 KO than in WT mice. Treating WT mice or rats with a C3aR1 antagonist markedly attenuated PIMA in association with downregulated DRG TRPV4 expression, reduced DRG macrophages expansion, suppressed DRG neuron hyperexcitability, and alleviated peripheral intraepidermal nerve fiber loss. Administration of C3aR1 antagonist to TRPV4 KO mice further protected them from PIMA. These results suggest that complement regulates PIMA development through C3aR1 to upregulate TRPV4 on DRG neurons and promote DRG macrophage expansion. Targeting C3aR1 could be a novel therapeutic approach to alleviate this debilitating pain syndrome.
Immune Activation Profiles Elicited by Distinct, Repeated TLR Agonist Infusions in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: King Hannah A D , Pokkali Supriya , Kim Dohoon , Brammer Daniel , Song Kaimei , McCarthy Elizabeth , Lehman Chelsea , Todd John-Paul , Foulds Kathryn E , Darrah Patricia A , Seder Robert A , Bolton Diane L , Roederer Mario
Published: October 2023

TLR agonists are a promising class of immune system stimulants investigated for immunomodulatory applications in cancer immunotherapy and viral diseases. In this study, we sought to characterize the safety and immune activation achieved by different TLR agonists in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), a useful preclinical model of complex immune interactions. Macaques received one of three TLR agonists, followed by plasma cytokine, immune cell subset representation, and blood cell activation measurements. The TLR4 agonist LPS administered i.v. induced very transient immune activation, including TNF-α expression and monocyte activation. The TLR7/8 agonist 2BXy elicited more persistent cytokine expression, including type I IFN, IL-1RA, and the proinflammatory IL-6, along with T cell and monocyte activation. Delivery of 2BXy i.v. and i.m. achieved comparable immune activation, which increased with escalating dose. Finally, i.v. bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination (which activates multiple TLRs, especially TLR2/4) elicited the most pronounced and persistent innate and adaptive immune response, including strong induction of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-1RA. Strikingly, monocyte, T cell, and NK cell expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 increased dramatically following BCG vaccination. This aligned with a large increase in total and BCG-specific cells measured in the lung. Principal component analysis of the combined cytokine expression and cellular activation responses separated animals by treatment group, indicating distinct immune activation profiles induced by each agent. In sum, we report safe, effective doses and routes of administration for three TLR agonists that exhibit discrete immunomodulatory properties in primates and may be leveraged in future immunotherapeutic strategies.
Development and Validation of the Athletic Training Student—Soft Skills Assessment Instrument
Authors: Davlin-Pater Christina
Published: October 2023

Context

Education of athletic training students should include the acquisition of soft skills. Evaluation of soft skills is important but challenging. Multisource performance reviews can provide students with feedback from different viewpoints, which can be used to promote self-awareness and encourage reflection.

Objective

To develop and validate a new multisource soft skills assessment tool for master’s level professional athletic training students.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Web-based questionnaires.

Patients or Other Participants

Nineteen participants evaluated the instrument for face and content validity. These participants included 5 athletic training educators, 7 athletic training preceptors, and 7 students currently enrolled in a graduate-level, Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education-accredited athletic training education program. Participants in the first pilot test included 22 students, 22 preceptors, and 3 instructors. Participants in the second pilot test included 28 students, 32 preceptors, and 3 instructors.

Data Collection and Analysis

A 3-stage process was used to develop and validate the instrument. The process included a literature review and formation of 65 survey items organized into 11 themes. Questions were reviewed by students, preceptors, and instructors. Responses were analyzed using content validity ratio to help identify items needing revision, deletion, or substitution. All open responses were considered. Based on results, 1 question was removed, and 2 questions were updated to improve clarity. The updated Athletic Training Student—Soft Skills Assessment instrument includes 64 questions. In the final stage, reliability analysis was conducted on 2 samples. Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach α and interitem correlations.

Results

Using a rigorous content validation approach provided evidence that the instrument was comprehensive, clear, and complete enough to establish the tool’s credibility in the preliminary stages.

Conclusion(s)

The outcome of this study is a multisource soft skills assessment tool that can provide students with formative feedback.
Chryseobacterium/Elizabethkingia species infections in children
Authors: Yahşi Aysun , Bayhan Gülsüm İclal , Erat Tuğba , Güney Ahmet Yasin , Özen Seval , Konca Kübra , Gülhan Belgin , Yüksek Saliha Kanık , Parlakay Aslınur Özkaya
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To investigate the clinical and epidemiological features and outcome of Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. infections in children, together with antimicrobial susceptibilities.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Turkey. All patients infected with Chryseobacterium/Elizabethkingia spp. among those presenting to Ankara City Hospital between March 2014 and March 2022 were included.

Results:

A total of 49 cases were included and 29 cases were identified as Elizabethkingia. The median age was 14 (0.2-185.0) months. The majority (89.8%) of these patients had an underlying disease, including malignancy (42.9%). Bacteremia (46.9%) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (28.6%) were the most common infections. The thirty-day all-cause mortality rate was 12.2%. The most commonly used antibiotics were ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Forty-five (91.8%) isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 44 (91.6%) to TMP-SMX, and 21 (87.5%) to levofloxacin.

Conclusions:

Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. are emergent, nosocomial pathogens and the majority of cases were older than the neonatal period. They were mainly seen in patients with long hospital stays, indwelling devices, and those who have received antibiotics within the last month, especially carbapenems. In addition, they were associated with bloodstream infection and malignancy. The most commonly useful antibiotics according to the resistance patterns were ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX.
Behaviour and perception of parents on irrational use of antibiotics in children at primary care level
Authors: Mete Burak , Salcan Tarik , Demirhindi Hakan
Published: October 2023

Objective:

To investigate the perception of antibiotics, the frequency of inappropriate antibiotic use, and the factors that lead to inappropriate antibiotic use by parents who apply to primary healthcare organizations.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 973 parents who applied to primary healthcare centers. We analyzed basic concepts related to antibiotics prescribed for their children, antibiotic administration, and antibiotic resistance, as well as parents' knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use, and their experiences, practices, and perceptions related to purchasing antibiotics without prescription.

Results:

In the past one year, 78.9% of the parents gave antibiotics to their children at least once, and 39.1% gave antibiotics three or more times. Some of the participants (7.1%) reported having forced the physician to prescribe antibiotics and purchased antibiotics without a prescription (13.2%). The knowledge about antibiotics and awareness about antibiotic resistance were found to be more frequent; among parents who had university degrees, higher income levels, two or fewer children, social insurance and negative behaviours were lower in those who received information about antibiotics from healthcare professionals. The probability of taking antibiotics without prescription was lower in that of with higher income level (OR0.460; 95%CI0.219-0.965), and the probability of forcing antibiotic prescription was higher in those with 3 or more children (OR6.94; 95%CI2.37-20.26). The score obtained from the awareness of antibiotic resistance sub-dimension was found to negatively affect the behavior of forcing antibiotic prescription (OR0.852; 95%CI0.732-0.993) but the score obtained from the behaviour sub-dimension was positively affect this behaviour (OR1.136; 95%CI1.011-1.276).

Conclusions:

Inappropriate antibiotic use appears to be a problem with negative perception, lack of knowledge and socioeconomic dimension. Studies should be conducted to increase antibiotic knowledge in parents and to expand the scope of social insurance.
Wide-field digital imaging system for assessing ocular anterior segment development in very preterm infants
Authors: Wang Yu-jing , Ke Min , Yan Ming
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

This study aims to longitudinally investigate developments of the anterior segment in very preterm infants who exhibit normal retinal development outcomes by utilizing a wide-field digital imaging system.

Methods:

Between June 2021 and June 2022, neonates with a birth weight of <1500 g and/or a gestational age (GA) of less than 32 weeks were included in this study. The participants underwent regular ocular examinations, including sequential evaluations of the anterior segment and the retina, at intervals of 2–5 weeks, starting from birth and continuing until they reached a corrected GA of 48 weeks. Term neonates were selected as normal controls for the study. The study recorded the weight and GA of subjects at the time of examination, as well as indicators of abnormal development in the anterior segment.

Results:

A total of 48 very preterm infants with normal retinal developmental outcomes were enrolled. The control group included 59 full-term infants. Common anterior segment eye abnormalities such as persistent hyperplasia of primary vitreous, persistent pupillary membranes, iris vessels, and anterior chamber angle vessels gradually subsided with the period in very preterm infants. The vascularity of the iris was substantially higher than in term controls (P < 0.05) at term gestation. The imaging of iris vessels and anterior chamber angle vessels in very preterm infants exhibited a decline at 46 and 47 weeks, respectively, which occurred slightly later compared to term infants.

Conclusion:

In very preterm infants with normal outcomes, although the developmental process is delayed, they may form a normal anterior segment structure similar to that of full-term infants in the late stages, which is followed up by the wide-field digital imaging system.
Epidemiological and microbiological profiles of microbial keratitis in a tertiary eye center in Eastern India (Bihar)
Authors: Kusumesh Rakhi , Ambastha Anita , Arya Lalan K , Kumari Anita , Kumari Neha , Sinha Bibhuti P , Mohan Nilesh , Kumari Namrata
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

To determine the demography, risk factors, and causative organisms of microbial keratitis (MK) in Bihar, an eastern state of India.

Design:

Retrospective study.

Methods:

We reviewed the demographic, clinical, and microbiological data of 2303 patients with MK (non-viral) presenting between January 2019 and December 2022.

Results:

This study revealed a predominance of males (65.0%) compared to females (34.9%), with a mean age of 48.4 ± 16.5 years. The majority of patients (63.1%) presented after 2 weeks from the onset of symptoms. The most common risk factor observed was corneal injury (58.1%), followed by ocular surface diseases (13.6%) and diabetes mellitus (13.3%). The majority of patients (73.16%) were involved in agriculture. Prior to presentation, almost all patients (92%) had received topical antibiotics. Unsupervised use of topical corticosteroids was observed in 29.2% of the patients for the median duration of 3 days (odds ratio, 0.17). At presentation, the median size of corneal ulcers was 5 mm, the best-corrected visual acuity was less than 20/400 in 51.4% of patients, and corneal perforation was in 14% of patients. The smear and culture positivity rate were 75.4% and 47.9%, respectively. The common causative organism was fungus (48.8%), followed by bacteria (17.4%). Aspergillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were the most commonly identified organisms; a quarter of the patients (24.5%) remained unidentified. All bacteria showed good sensitivity to vancomycin.

Conclusion:

MK is a significant cause of ocular morbidity in Bihar. The knowledge of epidemiology, risk factors, and microbiological profiles of MK can provide a valuable approach to disease prevention, diagnosis, and management.
Clinical feature of cystoid macular degeneration in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Gorhe Sukanya , Chugh Manpreet Kaur , Goel Nikita , D’Souza Zubin , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Cystoid macular degeneration (CMD) is a feature of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Present study intended to analyze the clinical presentation, risk factors, choroidal features, and outcome of CMD in CSCR.

Methods:

This was a retrospective, record-based descriptive study, which included chronic CSCR eyes with CMD. Demographic profile and clinical history were obtained from medical records. Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT; Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) was used for acquiring SDOCT images and for performing fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography.

Results:

The study included 101 eyes of 69 consecutive patients of CSCR having CMD. The mean age of patients was 56 ± 9.4 years (range 40–79 years), and majority (63, 91.3%) of the patients were male. Prior history of corticosteroid use was present in seven (10.1%) patients. Mean time interval between the first diagnosis of CSCR and appearance of CMD was 55.3 ± 33.9 months. CMD was located away from the fovea in majority of eyes (68, 67.3%). Mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 396.71 ± 90.5 µm. Subretinal pigment epithelium choroidal neovascularization was noted in four (3.96%) eyes.

Conclusion:

CMD appears as a late complication of CSCR and is usually present away from the fovea. Such eyes had thickened choroid and fewer cases had associated choroidal neovascularization. Further comparative studies would be needed to validate these findings.