bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐environment association study highlights candidate genes for robust agronomic quantitative trait loci in a novel worldwide Capsicum core collection
Authors: McLeod Louis , Barchi Lorenzo , Tumino Giorgio , Tripodi Pasquale , Salinier Jérémy , Gros Christophe , Boyaci Hatice Filiz , Ozalp Ramazan , Borovsky Yelena , Schafleitner Roland , Barchenger Derek , Finkers Richard , Brouwer Matthijs , Stein Nils , Rabanus‐Wallace Mark Timothy , Giuliano Giovanni , Voorrips Roeland , Paran Ilan , Lefebvre Véronique
Published: August 2023

Investigating crop diversity through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on core collections helps in deciphering the genetic determinants of complex quantitative traits. Using the G2P‐SOL project world collection of 10 038 wild and cultivated Capsicum accessions from 10 major genebanks, we assembled a core collection of 423 accessions representing the known genetic diversity. Since complex traits are often highly dependent upon environmental variables and genotype‐by‐environment (G × E) interactions, multi‐environment GWAS with a 10 195‐marker genotypic matrix were conducted on a highly diverse subset of 350 Capsicum annuum accessions, extensively phenotyped in up to six independent trials from five climatically differing countries. Environment‐specific and multi‐environment quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for 23 diverse agronomic traits. We identified 97 candidate genes potentially implicated in 53 of the most robust and high‐confidence QTLs for fruit flavor, color, size, and shape traits, and for plant productivity, vigor, and earliness traits. Investigating the genetic architecture of agronomic traits in this way will assist the development of genetic markers and pave the way for marker‐assisted selection. The G2P‐SOL pepper core collection will be available upon request as a unique and universal resource for further exploitation in future gene discovery and marker‐assisted breeding efforts by the pepper community.
Heuristics and Stock Buying Decision: Evidence from Brazil, Pakistan, and Malaysia Stock Markets
Authors: Santos Sandra Da Silva , Olivo Rodolfo Leandro de Faria , Sales George André Willrich , Silva Fabiana Lopes da
Published: August 2023

Applying both qualitative and quantitative approaches, we investigate the influence of anchoring and adjustment, representativeness, and availability heuristics on stock buying decisions of individual investors at the Brazilian stock market and their relations with demographic aspects. We also compared the results with investors from Pakistan and Malaysia. To collect the data, a survey was administered. Data were analyzed by description, correlation, and regression analysis. The results show that all three heuristics are likely to affect the Brazilian investor’s stock buying decisions. The effect of heuristics is similar across genders, type of subscriber, and level of education groups. However, for the older group and those with income higher than BRL15,000.00 per month (about USD 3,000.00), the anchoring heuristic exhibit a more extreme effect. From these findings, this paper reveals the presence of the heuristics in stock market decisions in developing countries, such as Brazil, as well as Pakistan and Malaysia. However, the effect on Asian’ individual investors is more prevalent.
Quo Vadis: Notarial Institution’s Politics of Law
Authors: Soenaryo Cipto
Published: August 2023

The Republic of Indonesia as a state of law based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia guarantees legal certainty, order and protection for every citizen. To guarantee legal certainty, order and protection, it needs authentic written evidence regarding legal actions, agreements, determinations and legal events, which are made before or by an authorized official. Notaries, as public officials who carry out the profession in providing legal services to the public, need to get certainty, order and protection. To guarantee the foregoing, in carrying out his or her position, a notary is obliged to act trustworthy, honest, thorough, independent, impartial, and safeguard the interests of the parties involved in legal actions. In addition, a notary may not make a deed for himself or herself, his or her wife/husband, or a person who has a family relationship with the notary, either by marriage or blood relations in downward and/or upward bloodline without restrictions, also to the sideward line up to the third generation. This means that a notary is required to act independently. On the other hand, a notary is under the supervision of Ministry of Law and Human Rights of Republic of Indonesia, which is part of the executive in the government. Furthermore, notaries are required to register themselves as reporting officials, liaison and administrators in Gathering Reports and Processing Information System (GRIPS) as stated in Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 43 on Reporting Parties in Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Act of Money Laundering and Presidential Regulation Number 13 of 2018 on Implementation of the Principle to Recognize the Benefit Owners of Corporations for the Purpose of Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Act of Money Laundering and Criminal Act of Terrorist Funding, whereas in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2010 on Prevention and Eradication of Criminal Act of Money Laundering, it does not list notaries as reporting officials, let alone liaison officers and administrators. Therefore, there has been a shift in notaries’ authority from being a general official who arranges deeds related to some legal actions to a public official.
Ce0.7La0.15Ca0.15O2−δ nanoparticles synthesis via colloidal solution combustion method: Studying structural and physicochemical properties and Congo Red dye photodegradation
Authors: Midouni Adnene , Chaouachi Anis , Barkaoui Sami , Abassi Nejib , Chakhari Samir , Mahjoubi Ammar , Ghernaout Djamel , Hamzaoui Ahmed Hichem , Khan Muhammad Imran , Elboughdiri Noureddine
Published: August 2023

The present work described the enhanced photodegradation of the Congo Red (CR) dye under visible light irradiation. The co-doped ceria (Ce0.7La0.15Ca0.15O2−δ) was prepared by the colloidal solution combustion synthesis way using colloidal silica as a template. The characterization of the as-synthesized cerium oxide (CeO2, known as ceria) nanoparticles was assessed by diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, thermοgravimetric analysis, ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. It revealed the cubic spinel structure with space group Fd-3 m (JCPDS card No. 34-0394), average size between 23 and 92 nm, and bandgap energy from 2.69 to 2.73 eV. The photodegradation of the CR dye under solar irradiation allowed studying the photocatalytic activities of the prepared ceria. After 180 min of light irradiation with the ceria 2 catalyst, CR absorbance was almost nil. The highest degradation rate ∼13.7 × 10−4 min−1 was recorded using co-doped ceria prepared with adding 1.0 ml of colloidal silica. This exciting activity can be attributed to the smallest particle size ∼23 nm, the smallest lattice parameter a = 5.4511 Å, and the catalyst’s highest bandgap ∼2.73 eV. Based on the investigation, ceria 2 nanoparticles have many possible uses in wastewater cleaning agent. Ceria 2 catalysts might be ideal for photocatalyst materials, UV filters, and photoelectric devices.
Plasma-induced energy band evolution for two-dimensional heterogeneous anti-ambipolar transistors
Authors: Shahi Simran , Ahmed Asma , Yang Ruizhe , Cabanillas Anthony , Chakravarty Anindita , Liu Maomao , Jaiswal Hemendra Nath , Fu Yu , Guo Yutong , Jadeja Satyajeetsinh Shaileshsin , Murugesan Hariharan , Butler Anthony , Chen Chu Te , Muhigirwa Joel , Enaitalla Mohamed , Liu Jun , Yao Fei , Li Huamin
Published: August 2023

With the rise of two-dimensional (2D) materials and nanoelectronics, compatible processes based on existing Si technologies are highly demanded to enable new and superior device functions. In this study, we utilized an O2 plasma treatment as a compatible and tunable method for anionic substitution doping in 2D WSe2. With an introduced WOx layer, moderate or even degenerate doping was realized to enhance hole transport in WSe2. By combining with 2D MoS2, an evolution of the 2D heterogeneous junction, in terms of the energy band structure and charge transport, was comprehensively investigated as a function of applied electric fields. The heterogeneous WSe2/MoS2 junction can function as an antiambipolar transistor and exhibit exceptional and well-balanced performance, including a superior peak-valley ratio of 2.4 × 105 and a high current density of 55 nA/μm. This work highlights the immense potential of 2D materials and their engineering to seamlessly integrate with existing semiconductor technology and enhance the efficiency of future nanoelectronics.
Impact of Continuous Focal Sampling Time Thresholds on Physical Activity Metrics When Using Video-Recorded Direct Observation
Authors: Martinez Julian , Staudenmayer John , Strath Scott J.
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To determine differences in physical activity metrics between 1-, 5-, and 10-s direct observation (DO) time thresholds and compare annotation completion time between different time thresholds. Methods: Participants (n = 10, mean age 40.7 ± 22.3 years, five males) were video recorded for 2 hr within a free-living setting. DO videos were annotated by one experienced annotator with a priori developed Posture and Behavior schemas. The annotation order of video, time threshold, and schema used was randomized. For analysis, annotations were collapsed into posture and behavior domains. Total video time is reported. Time to code videos, overall percent agreement, and statistical bias of each posture and behavior domain for the 5-s time threshold and 10-s time threshold were compared to 1-s time threshold output. Results: 19.7 hr of DO were recorded. On average, the 1-s time threshold took 183.9 ± 34.2 min to annotate with the Posture schema and 118.8 ± 23.6 min with the Behavior schema. Under the Posture schema, the 5-s time threshold was 31.7% faster, had 91.5% agreement, and all biases were <±5 min, while the 10-s time threshold was 43.6% faster, had 89.2% agreement, and had biases ranging from −7.59 to 5.21 min. Under the Behavior schema, the 5-s time threshold was 16.0% faster, had 92.0% agreement, and had all biases <±2.1 min, while the 10-s time threshold was 27.6% faster, had 88.3% agreement, and had all biases <±3.9 min. Conclusion: Longer DO annotation time thresholds are accurate and faster but less precise for certain posture and behavior domains when compared to criterion 1-s time threshold in healthy adults.
Supplemental Material: Boiling-induced extreme Cu isotope fractionation in sulfide minerals forming by active hydrothermal diffusers at the Aegean Kolumbo volcano: Evidence from in situ isotope analysis
Authors: Zegkinoglou Nikolaos N. , al. et
Published: August 2023

Kolumbo boiling seafloor vents; Figures S1–S5; electron microprobe analysis-energy dispersive spectroscopy; in-situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry; and references.  
Supplemental Material: Resolving complex stratigraphic architecture across the Burlington shelf and identifying the Devonian-Carboniferous (Hangenberg) and Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tournaisian) boundary biogeochemical events in the type area of the Mississippian subsystem
Authors: Braun Matthew G. , al. et
Published: August 2023

Figure S1: Stratigraphic columns for the Hills Chemical (Early #1) and Ferguson Quarry sections used for stratigraphic correlations. Table S1: Data table of all carbon isotope data produced in this study.
Supplemental Material: Tracking multiple stages of serpentinization processes of the Yarlung–Zangbo Suture Zone peridotites in Southern Tibet: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere
Authors: Zhao Qi , YAN Yi , et al.
Published: August 2023

Tables S1-S3.
Creating New Mathematics by Schoolchildren
Authors: Semenov A. L. , Soprunov S. F. , Ivanov-Pogodaev I. A.
Published: August 2023

The paper discusses an example of an educational project in modern mathematics in which school students create mathematics that is new to them. The mathematical results produced by the students in the theory of definability also have an “absolute” novelty, i.e., are the basis for professional publications. The described course was based on recent results of this article’s authors in the theory of definability. The new results were obtained by a group of 10 schoolchildren from different regions of Russia.
The Skies Are Falling: Mathematics for Non-Mathematicians
Authors: Vavilov N. A. , Khalin V. G. , Yurkov A. V.
Published: August 2023

Mathematical education, both mass education, and university education of non-mathematicians, are in an abominable state, and rapidly degrading. We argue that the instruction of non-mathematicians should be dramatically reformed both as substance and style. With traditional approach, such a transformation would take decades, with unclear results. But we do not have this time. The advent of Computer Algebra Systems gives the mathematics community a chance to reverse the trend. We should make a serious attempt to seize this opportunity. In the present paper we describe one such project of reform implemented at the St Petersburg State University.
Development and validation of a dementia risk score in the UK Biobank and Whitehall II cohorts
Authors: Anatürk Melis , Patel Raihaan , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Newby Danielle , Topiwala Anya , de Lange Ann-Marie G , Cole James H , Jansen Michelle G , Singh-Manoux Archana , Kivimäki Mika , Suri Sana
Published: August 2023

Background

Current dementia risk scores have had limited success in consistently identifying at-risk individuals across different ages and geographical locations.

Objective

We aimed to develop and validate a novel dementia risk score for a midlife UK population, using two cohorts: the UK Biobank, and UK Whitehall II study.

Methods

We divided the UK Biobank cohort into a training (n=176 611, 80%) and test sample (n=44 151, 20%) and used the Whitehall II cohort (n=2934) for external validation. We used the Cox LASSO regression to select the strongest predictors of incident dementia from 28 candidate predictors and then developed the risk score using competing risk regression.

Findings

Our risk score, termed the UK Biobank Dementia Risk Score (UKBDRS), consisted of age, education, parental history of dementia, material deprivation, a history of diabetes, stroke, depression, hypertension, high cholesterol, household occupancy, and sex. The score had a strong discrimination accuracy in the UK Biobank test sample (area under the curve (AUC) 0.8, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.82) and in the Whitehall cohort (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.81). The UKBDRS also significantly outperformed three other widely used dementia risk scores originally developed in cohorts in Australia (the Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index), Finland (the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Ageing, and Dementia score), and the UK (Dementia Risk Score).

Clinical implications

Our risk score represents an easy-to-use tool to identify individuals at risk for dementia in the UK. Further research is required to determine the validity of this score in other populations.
Use of immunosuppression and subsequent cancer incidence: cohort study
Authors: Buchanich Jeanine M , Newcomb Craig W , Washington Terri L , Foster Charles Stephen , Sobrin Lucia , Thorne Jennifer E , Jabs Douglas Alan , Suhler Eric B , Rosenbaum James T , Sen Hatice Nida , Levy-Clarke Grace A , Nussenblatt Robert B , Bhatt Nirali P , Lowder Careen Y , Goldstein Debra A , Leiderman Yannek I , Acharya Nisha R , Holland Gary N , Read Russell W , Dunn James P , Dreger Kurt A , Artornsombudh Pichaporn , Begum Hosne A , Fitzgerald Tonetta D , Kothari Srishti , Payal Abhishek R , Daniel Ebenezer , Gangaputra Sapna S , Kaçmaz Roje Oktay , Liesegang Teresa L , Pujari Siddharth S , Khachatryan Naira , Maghsoudlou Armin , Suga Hilkiah K , Pak Clara M , Helzlsouer Kathy J , Kempen John H
Published: August 2023

Objective

Evaluate the association between cancer incidence and immunosuppressive treatment in patients with ocular inflammatory disease (OID).

Methods and analysis

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients from 10 US OID subspecialty practices. Patients with non-infectious OID were included; HIV-infected patients were excluded. Time-dependent exposure to drug classes (ie, antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors, alkylating agents, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors) and drugs were evaluated. Cancer incidence was ascertained by linkage to 12 state cancer registries from 1996 to 2015. Cancer incidence was analysed using Cox regression survival analysis, using 0-year, 3-year and 5-year lags after immunosuppression began.

Results

The cancer incidence cohort comprised 10 872 individuals at risk of incident cancer and residing in one of the 12 states covered; 812 primary cancers were identified through cancer incidence tracing with median follow-up time of 10 years. Neither TNF inhibitor, antimetabolite, calcineurin inhibitor nor alkylating agent classes were associated with statistically significant increases in cancer incidence adjusting for covariates. We found statistically significant reduced hazards in the systemic inflammatory disease (SID)-including cohort for adalimumab and chlorambucil, increased hazards for tacrolimus and etanercept in the non-SID cohort and reduced hazards for methotrexate in both. Other immunosuppressive drugs were not associated with overall cancer incidence.

Conclusions

We found no increased risk of overall or site-specific cancer incidence associated with short-term (non-transplant) therapy with most commonly used immunosuppressive drug classes and many specific drugs. Further research may clarify potentially protective or harmful effects of specific agents that were not consistently associated with reduced or increased cancer incidence.

Trial registration number

NCT00116090.
Psychiatric comorbidity in emergency general surgery patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Geier Timothy J , Simske Natasha , Melin Sarah , Trevino Colleen , Murphy Patrick , Schroeder Mary Elizabeth , Brandolino Amber , deRoon-Cassini Terri , Schramm Andrew T
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Annually, approximately 27 million individuals in the United States are admitted to hospitals for emergency general surgery (EGS). Approximately 50% develop postoperative complications and 22% require unplanned readmission within 90 days, highlighting a need to understand factors impacting well-being and recovery. Psychiatric comorbidity can impact medical treatment adherence, cost, and premature mortality risk. Despite the severity of illness in EGS, there is limited research on psychiatric comorbidity in EGS patients. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to characterize EGS patient mental health and to assess its relationship with pain, social support, and healthcare utilization (ie, length of stay, readmission).

Methods

Adult EGS patients were screened for participation during hospitalization. Inclusion criteria included: (1) 18 years or older, (2) communicate fluently in English, and (3) assessed within 7 days of admission. Participants (n=95) completed assessment, which included a structured clinical diagnostic interview. Record review captured medical variables, including length of stay, discharge disposition, narcotic prescription, and 90-day readmission rates.

Results

Ninety-five patients completed the assessment, and 31.6% met criteria for at least one current psychiatric diagnosis; 21.3% with a major depressive episode, 9.6% with a substance use disorder, and 7.5% with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Lower perceived social support and greater pain severity and interference were significantly related to more severe depression and anxiety. Depression was associated with longer length of stay, and those with PTSD were more likely to be re-admitted.

Conclusion

The EGS patient sample exhibited psychiatric disorder rates greater than the general public, particularly regarding depression and anxiety. Screening protocols and incorporation of psychological and social interventions may assist in recovery following EGS.

Level of evidence

Level II, prognostic.
Development of a reactive transport model for microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation in unsaturated conditions
Authors: Faeli Zahra , Montoya Brina M. , Gabr Mohammed A.
Published: August 2023

Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) offers a sustainable technique to improve geologic properties of soils in engineering structures. The applications encompass improved soil strength, scour mitigation, fracture sealing, and in situ contaminant immobilization. Previous studies have presented fundamental processes and implementation in lab- and field-scale. Most of these studies were examined in saturated conditions despite many MICP applications including those in coastal and riverside areas which will likely take place under unsaturated conditions. The study herein investigated the effect of soil water retention curve (SWRC) parameters and attachment coefficient ( Kat ) on CaCO3 precipitation in sand. Using numerical analyses, a continuum model was developed in which unsaturated flow and transport were coupled with biological and chemical reactions in variably saturated conditions. Predictive modeling results compare mass percentage of calcium carbonate resulting from MICP at degrees of soil water saturations of 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100% in sandy soil media. The results indicate the bacteria attachment coefficient increases by a factor of 3 as the degree of saturation is decreased from 100% to 20%, as the higher suctions at lower saturation levels improve bacteria fixation. The drying branch of SWRC versus wetting front yields higher CaCO3 for identical MICP treatment. Numerical results show the trend in hydraulic conductivity with increasing cementation level.
Initial development and sedimentary provenance of a middle Paleozoic foreland basin: Clam Bank Formation, western Newfoundland
Authors: Dix George R. , Pignotta Geoff , White Shawna E.
Published: August 2023

The upper Silurian(?) to Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Clam Bank Formation is the most northerly exposed middle Paleozoic foreland-basin succession in the Appalachian orogen. Understanding of its sedimentary history is poor, and there are contradictory interpretations of placement of its lower structural boundary. Our study redefines the lithostratigraphy and subdivides the ∼600 m thick formation into three paleoenvironmental successions: a lower coastal plain setting with fluvial channels giving way upsection to coastal flats with carbonate, colluvium with reworked paleosol material, and aeolian (silt) deposits; a middle coastal zone succession following marine transgression and deposition of shoreface sandstone; and an upper alluvial succession host to pedogenic and groundwater calcretes. A basal disconformity, though not exposed, is inferred from lithic and geochemical evidence for sediment mixing with underlying Upper Ordovician sources in the lowermost part of the formation. This supports previous interpretations of Silurian uplift along the Laurentian margin in response to the Salinian orogeny. Sedimentary provenance indicates quartzo-feldspathic sources throughout the formation, and sediment-transport indicators identify a northeast–southwest-oriented basin with northwest-directed fluvial input. U–Pb detrital zircon distributions associated with the paleocolluvium and younger transgressive sandstone document upsection loss of prominent age peaks of late Grenville (∼0.98 Ga) and pre-Grenville (1.5, 1.65, and 1.75 Ga) sources. The coastal plain succession and related detrital-zircon signature imply a mixture of distal and proximal sediment sources, the latter related to erosion of a weathered upland and exhumed Precambrian inliers in western Newfoundland. A more regional provenance signature with marine transgression suggests sediment transport in response to Acadian orogenesis.
Photonic crystal fiber-based silicon polyamide-coated fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Alwin Tony
Published: August 2023

Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) constructions, controlled light propagation for measuring amplitude, phase, polarization and wavelength of the spectrum, and PCF-incorporated interferometry techniques are the foundations upon which sensors operate. But the existing PCF techniques have very large stretching that tends to be difficult to align due to the cross-polarization mode of the optical fiber structure. Hence, the novel Polymer graphene-based Hexagonal cladding is designed by using a hexagonal hollowed core and a cladding material of Polymethyl methacrylate reinforced with gyroidal graphene which increases confinement strength. Once the crystal structure is designed, normally the presence of substrate the Q-factors is degraded. On substrates, Q-factors are enhanced by fine-tuning the position of the neighboring holes. Hence, the novel Bilayer Grating Stratum solves the degrading issues in Q-factors, which utilizes a Silicon polyamide-coated FBG in the crystal that is incorporated using the Femto-laser technique thereby increasing the wavelength tenability. To identify the electric field pattern, the designed structure is simulated in COMSOL software. Thus, the proposed system has a high sensitivity of 22 with a low material loss of 0.1% and a low response time of 0.2[Formula: see text]s.
XRD and SEM analyses of structural properties of LaxBa1−xMnO3 solid solutions
Authors: Nabiyeva A. Kh. , Jabarov S. H. , Trukhanov S. V. , Trukhanov A. V. , Ismayilova N. A.
Published: August 2023

Complex oxides La[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text]MnO3, La[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text]MnO3 and La[Formula: see text]Ba[Formula: see text]MnO3 were synthesized and their structural properties were studied. The structural investigation of the samples is done by incorporating X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique at room temperature. The Rietveld method was successfully used for the analysis of the obtained diffraction spectra. It was determined that these compounds have a perovskite structure. Partial substitutions La→Ba do not disturb the ideal perovskite structure and the cubic crystal structure with the space group Pm-3m is preserved. Crystallographic parameters, lattice parameters and interatomic distances were determined for each compound. As a result of SEM studies, it was determined that the size of crystallites in LaxBa[Formula: see text]MnO3 solid solutions ranged from 2 to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m.
Tension and bending behaviors of 3D printed PLA+ at different printing parameters
Authors: Abd-El Nabi Ahmed Moustafa , Mahmoud Moustafa M. , Marzouk Wagih W. , Omran Hesham A. , ElSheikh Ammar , Bedairi Badr H. , Mahmoud Ibrahim Ahmed Mohamed
Published: August 2023

3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA+) is one of the newest biodegradable materials seeking entrance into the industrial field. The effect of 3D printing process parameters (infill pattern (IP), infill density (ID), layer height (LH), line width (LW), shell thickness (ST), printing temperature (PT), printing speed (PS), and raster angle) on mechanical properties has been studied. In addition, this paper aims to investigate the effect of changing both the IP and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA+. The results revealed that the highest value of tensile strength can be obtained at an ID of 100%, concentric IP, LH of 0.1[Formula: see text]mm, LW of 0.8[Formula: see text]mm, ST of 0.8[Formula: see text]mm, PT of 215∘C, and PS of 60[Formula: see text]mm/s.
Trace element changes in rutile from quartzite through increasing
P–T
from lower amphibolite to eclogite facies conditions
Authors: Fumes Regiane A. , Luvizotto George L. , Pereira Inês , Moraes Renato
Published: August 2023

Low concentrations of Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mg and Al in quartzite commonly prevent the crystallization of index metamorphic minerals, inhibiting the obtainability of thermobarometric calculations. Quartzite typically contains quartz, zircon and rutile; therefore, single-element thermometers, such as Zr-in-rutile, may be applied. We investigate changes in trace-element composition of rutile from quartzite through increasing metamorphic conditions. Studied samples derive from a quartzite package (Luminárias Nappe, Minas Gerais, Brazil) where previous thermobarometric constraints on metapelites showed an increasing metamorphic grade southwards, from high-pressure lower amphibolite facies (580°C; 0.9 GPa) to eclogite facies (630°C; 1.4 GPa). Rutile from the lower-grade facies samples show a large spread in Zr concentrations, with the highest values corresponding to temperature estimates higher than metamorphic conditions affecting those units, and thus interpreted as inherited detrital signatures. A narrower spread in Zr concentration is observed in rutile grains from the higher-grade facies, and estimated Zr-in-rutile temperatures agree with previous thermobarometric constraints. Therefore, we show that at 630°C, Zr contents in detrital rutile from quartzites re-equilibrate. The comparison between the quartzite- and metapelite-hosting rutile grains from the same area shows that the resetting of the geothermometer in the latter seems to occur at slightly lower temperatures (∼50°C lower).

Supplementary material:
A full dataset of analized trace elements in rutile is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6793887
Zircon trace-element and isotopes (U–Pb, Lu–Hf, δ
18
O) response to fluid-deficient metamorphism of a subducted continental terrane (North Muya, Eastern Siberia)
Authors: Skuzovatov Sergei , Wang Kuo-Lung , Li Xian-Hua , Iizuka Yoshiyuki , Shatsky Vladislav
Published: August 2023

The orogenic continental crust of accretionary and collisional belts worldwide is dominated by felsic and metasedimentary rocks, which show variable responses to high-grade metamorphism. Transformation of felsic rocks is commonly limited as compared to that of the enclosed mafic rocks (including eclogites
sensu stricto
), which is widely attributed to availability of H
2
O–CO
2
fluids, kinetically controlled growth of high-grade assemblages, and their preferential preservation in metabasites more competent to rehydration. We report on the results of studies of the geochemical behaviour of zircon (trace-element, U–Pb, Lu–Hf and δ
18
O) in three felsic samples (two metagranitoids and one paragneiss), which are spatially (geographically and at the outcrop-scale) juxtaposed with mafic eclogites within the North Muya block (Neoproterozoic Baikalides, northern Central Asian Orogenic Belt). The data imply that metagranitoids and metasediments within the buried continental lithosphere might follow a single subduction-related
P
–
T
–
t
trend, whereas contrasting degrees of mineralogical and zircon transformation were governed by mineral buffer reactions in the absence of external fluids. The latter was significant only in an H
2
O-enriched protolith of metasediments. The formation of
18
O-depleted zircon recrystallization rims together with Mn enrichment of garnet rims indicate a distinct metamorphic stage without or with minor localized fluid infiltration, most likely, related to peak temperature conditions during collision.

Supplementary material:
The data on the mineral composition, trace-element and U–Pb–Lu–Hf–O isotopic composition of zircon are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6794043
Attribution of Extreme Events to Climate Change
Authors: Otto Friederike E.L.
Published: August 2023

Within the past decade, the attribution of extreme weather events and their impacts has enabled scientists, the public, and policymakers alike to connect real-world experiences of extreme weather events with scientific understanding of anthropogenic climate change. Attribution studies of recent extreme weather events have formed a new and important line of evidence in the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report understanding present-day impacts of climate change. IPCC studies using different methods of event attribution have been assessed together, highlighting that these differences are smaller than the academic discourse on the methods suggests. This development raised two important research questions the science needs to answer: First, how do we formally combine attribution statements using highly conditional methods with probabilistic assessments of how climate change alters the likelihood and intensity of extreme weather events? Second, under what circumstances are individual attribution studies still necessary and to what extent do existing attribution studies provide enough information to answer societal questions? Furthermore, the scientific development still leaves important gaps, particularly in countries of the Global South, leading to ethical questions around the need and requirement of attribution of extreme events in policy contexts, informing adaptation and loss and damage and the role of vulnerability.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of BiOCl Nanoflower-RGO Based Supercapacitor in the Presence of Redox Additive Electrolyte
Authors: Dutta Shibsankar , Pal Shreyasi , Ahammed Nashiruddin , Sahoo Soumili , Chatterjee Souvik , De Sukanta
Published: August 2023

Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanoflowers and bismuth oxychloride/reduced graphene oxide (BiOCl/rGO) composites with different weight percentage were prepared by solvothermal method. BiOCl/rGO hybrids electrode based symmetric solid state supercapacitor was fabricated by sandwiching alkaline polyvinyl alcohol (PVA/KOH) gel electrolyte in presence and absence of potassium iodide (KI). It delivered maximum specific capacitance of 611 F g−1 in presence of PVA/KOH+KI gel electrolytes, increasing by 8.75% compared to the PVA/KOH based supercapacitor. The energy and power density of the supercapacitor in presence of PVA/KOH+KI were reached 21.21 Wh kg−1 and 1.37 kW kg−1 respectively. The supercapacitor exhibits 90% capacitance retention even after 10 000 cycles.
Insight of the Influence of Cobalt Substitution on the Structural, Microstructural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Tetragonal Barium Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Mohanty Hari Sankar , Puhan Tapendu Sundar , Padhi Sagar , Panda Subhashree , Samantaray Soumya Sucharita , Rana Gangadhar , Bhoi Krishnamayee , Sahu Uttam Kumar , Mohapatra Soumyaranjan , Raut Subhajit , Karmakar Subrata
Published: August 2023

The development of lead-free ferroelectric materials is essential for upcoming applications in energy and information storage. We comprehensively report the structural, optical, dielectric and electrical characteristics of BaTi1-x
Co
x
O3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) ceramics prepared using the conventional solid-state route process. The synthesized sample features a single-phase tetragonal structure with P4mm symmetry, as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction investigation. SEM imaging clearly shows that the material was polydispersive. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the BaTi1-xCoxO3 ceramics has been carried out in order to calculate the optical band gap of each composition. For the prepared samples, Cole-Cole plot of the complex impedance was examined over a wide temperature and frequency range. The compounds displayed non-Debye type dielectric relaxation. The Ferroelectric-Paraelectric phase transition is clearly visible in the T-dependent dielectric spectra for all the samples. After E-poling the ceramics, a well-defined genuine saturated hysteresis loop was established.
Computational method for optimal electrolyte screening using Bayesian Optimization and physics based battery model
Authors: Garapati Vamsi Krishna , Dingari Naga Neehar , Mynam Mahesh , Rai Beena
Published: August 2023

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely adopted in various applications, including electric vehicles and large-scale stationary energy storage, due to their high energy density and specific power. The performance of LIBs is significantly influenced by the composition of the liquid electrolyte. This study focuses on developing a framework to expedite the design and screening of electrolytes for LIBs by integrating physics-based electrochemical models with Bayesian optimization algorithms. The primary objective is to tune the transport properties of the electrolyte to simultaneously maximize cycle life and minimize internal heating, thereby enhancing battery performance. To support the framework, two electrolyte databases are created, for matching optimized conductivity profiles with existing electrolyte compositions. Additionally, a novel metric known as the deviation index is introduced to quantify the similarity between conductivity profiles. The effectiveness of the framework is validated through multiple case studies, showcasing its ability to optimize electrolyte properties. The proposed electrolyte composition optimization framework provides a systematic and efficient approach to screen and identify electrolytes with optimal properties, driving advancements in battery technology. Moreover, the framework’s versatility enables its adaptation and extension to different battery chemistries, facilitating broader applications and paving the way for sustainable and efficient energy storage systems.
A Challenging Case of Genetically and Histologically Diagnosed Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease with Extracorporeal Life Support and Redo Lung Transplantation
Authors: Laimoud Mohamed , Alanazi Ziyad , Alahmadi Fayez , Aldalaan Abdullah
Published: August 2023

Background. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare form of pulmonary arterial hypertension characterized by diffuse venous vasculopathy and increased pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in right-sided heart failure. Case Presentation. A 22-year-old female patient started to have dyspnea with minimal effort and was diagnosed to have pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) with right-sided heart failure. Initially, she was diagnosed to have idiopathic PH. She developed life-threatening pulmonary oedema and cardiogenic shock after pulmonary vasodilator therapy. A genetic study was done and revealed the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) gene on chromosome 15, which was diagnostic to heritable PVOD. After failure to achieve hemodynamic stabilization with conventional cardiopulmonary support measures, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) supported her till bilateral lung transplantation, which was unfortunately complicated by acute graft rejection. After a prolonged intensive care unit stay with 4-month ECMO support, the second bilateral lung transplantation was done, and the patient survived and was discharged. Conclusions. Clinical recognition of PVOD is crucial due to its challenging diagnosis, need for genetic study, rapid deterioration with pulmonary vasodilators, and bad prognosis. Lung transplantation is the definitive treatment for eligible candidates.
Tribology of Coated 316L SS by Various Nanoparticles
Authors: Aldabagh Dhiaa J. , Alzubadi Thair L. , Alhuwaizi Akram F.
Published: August 2023

Background. Nanocoating of biomedical materials may be considered the most essential developing field recently, primarily directed at improving their tribological behaviors that enhance their performance and durability. In orthodontics, as in many medical fields, friction reduction (by nanocoatings) among different orthodontic components is considered a substantial milestone in the development of biomedical technology that reduces orthodontic treatment time. The objective of the current research was to explore the tribological behavior, namely, friction of nanocoated thin layer by tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), and vanadium (V) manufactured using plasma sputtering at 1, 2, and 3 hours on substrates made of 316L stainless steel (SS), which is thought to be one of the most popular alloys for stainless steel orthodontic archwires. The friction of coated 316L SS archwires coated with Ta, Nb, and V plasma sputtering is hardly mentioned in the literature as of yet. Results. An oscillating pin-on-plate tribological test using a computerized tribometer was performed by applying a load of 1 N for 20 minutes under the dry condition at room temperature (25°C) to understand their role in the tribological behavior of the bulk material. Ta and Nb were found to reduce the friction of their SS substrate significantly (45 and 55%, respectively), while V was found to deteriorate the friction of its substrate. Moreover, sputtering time had no substantial role in the friction reduction of coatings. Conclusions. Nanocoating of 316L SS bulk material by Nb and Ta with a 1-hour plasma sputtering time can enhance dramatically its tribological behavior. Higher coating hardness, smaller nanoparticle size, intermediate surface coating roughness, and lower surface binding energy of the coatings may play a vital role in friction reduction of the coated 316L SS corresponding to SS orthodontic archwires, predicting to enhance orthodontic treatment.
Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: August 2023

Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis and is difficult to detect in early stages. Therefore, developing new diagnostic markers for early-stage ovarian cancer is critical. Here, we developed a diagnostic marker for early-stage ovarian cancer on the basis of fatty acid metabolism characteristics of cancer cells. The expression of various fatty acid metabolizing enzymes such as stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) was altered in early-stage ovarian cancer tissue compared with that in normal ovarian tissue. Changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, particularly SCD1, in cancer tissues were found to alter concentrations of multiple free fatty acids (FFA) in serum. We were the first to show that fatty acid metabolic characteristics in tissues are related to the FFA composition of serum. Surprisingly, patients with stage I/II ovarian cancer also showed significant changes in serum levels of eight FFAs, which can be early diagnostic markers. Finally, using statistical analysis, an optimal early diagnostic model combining oleic and arachidic acid levels, fatty acids associated with SCD1, was established and confirmed to have higher diagnostic power than CA125, regardless of histology. Thus, our newly developed diagnostic model using serum FFAs may be a powerful tool for the noninvasive early detection of ovarian cancer.

Significance:

Measurement of serum FFA levels by changes in the expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in tumor tissue would allow early detection of ovarian cancer. In particular, the SCD1-associated FFAs, oleic and arachidic acid, would be powerful new screening tools for early-stage ovarian cancer.
Four new species of Indasclera Švihla from the Oriental Region (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae)
Authors: POLONI RICCARDO
Published: August 2023

Four new species of Indasclera Švihla, 1980 are described and illustrated: Indasclera bipartita n. sp. from Laos, I. hajeki n. sp. from Malaysia, I. pusilla n. sp. and I. thailandica n. sp., both from Thailand. In addition, a dichotomous key for the I. haemorrhoidalis species group is given.
Temporal Variability of the Overturning Circulation in the Arctic Ocean and the Associated Heat and Freshwater Transports during 2004–10
Authors: Tsubouchi Takamasa , von Appen Wilken-Jon , Kanzow Torsten , de Steur Laura
Published: August 2023

This study quantifies the overturning circulation in the Arctic Ocean and associated heat transport (HT) and freshwater transport (FWT) from October 2004 to May 2010 based on hydrographic and current observations. Our main data source consists of 1165 moored instrument records in the four Arctic main gateways: Davis Strait, Fram Strait, Bering Strait, and the Barents Sea Opening. We employ a box inverse model to obtain mass and salt balanced velocity fields, which are then used to quantify the overturning circulation as well as HT and FWT. Atlantic Water is transformed into two different water masses in the Arctic Ocean at a rate of 4.3 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). Combined with 0.7 Sv of Bering Strait inflow and 0.15 Sv of surface freshwater flux, 2.2 Sv flows back to the south through Davis Strait and western Fram Strait as the upper limb of the overturning circulation, and 2.9 Sv returns southward through Fram Strait as the lower limb of the overturning. The Arctic Ocean imports heat of 180 ± 57 TW (long-term mean ± standard deviation of monthly means) with a methodological uncertainty of 20 TW and exports FW of 156 ± 91 mSv with an uncertainty of 61 mSv over the 6 years with a potential offset of ∼30 mSv. The HT and FWT have large seasonalities ranging between 110 and 260 TW (maximum in winter) and between 40 and 260 mSv (maximum in winter), respectively. The obtained overturning circulation and associated HT and FWT presented here are vital information to better understand the northern extent of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
Hong Kong Migrants’ Divergent Experiences in Australia: A Multi-level Spatio-temporal Approach
Authors: Lui Lake , Lee Man Yee Karen
Published: August 2023

This study compares the social field for recent Hong Kong immigrants in the Australian cities of Melbourne, Sydney, and Darwin. We explore how migrants’ experience differs in terms of their capital, migration trajectories, and interactions with Australians and in the workplace. Drawing on 31 in-depth interviews, this study features migrants’ precarious experience and (self-)selection to cities and regional areas which are shaped by the convertibility of migrants’ resources as well as state-based criteria of desirability. Compared to Melbourne and Sydney, the Northern Territory has a relatively more welcoming immigration policy. This lower bar offers a lower risk for Darwin’s immigrants seeking permanent residency. At the meso-level, Darwin’s transient population and its more multicultural ethnic composition facilitates opportunities for migrants from Hong Kong to both form social relationships outside their ethnic group and to enter standard employment. While the Australian government’s introduction of the “Hong Kong stream” migration could have attracted migrants whose permanent residency in Melbourne and Sydney would otherwise have been unobtainable, a sense of uncertainty mounted given the “incidental” nature and the paradigm of temporariness in migration policies. Our paper illuminates the interconnectedness of the macro, meso, and micro levels through a spatial-temporal understanding of divergent migration experience and strategies.
Coping, Racial Discrimination, and Psychological Distress Among Asian American Parents
Authors: Fanta Annie , Kodama Muscente Kailee , Kim Sei Eun , Tsai William , Huang Cindy Y.
Published: August 2023

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-Asian racism and hate crimes surged in the United States, placing Asian Americans (AAs) at increased risk for psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depression symptoms). We examined how coping styles (i.e., direct and indirect) moderated the association between racial discrimination, fear of discrimination, and psychological distress in a sample of 229 AA parents. Results indicated that indirect coping styles significantly moderated the relationship between racial discrimination and anxiety symptoms, and fear of discrimination and anxiety symptoms. Simple slopes revealed that racial discrimination was associated with greater anxiety symptoms among parents with high levels of indirect coping, but not with low levels. Direct coping was not a significant moderator. Our findings highlight the need for the development of coping-focused interventions that are aimed specifically at buffering the adverse psychological outcomes among AAs experiencing racial discrimination.