bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on Water, Its Use, and Its Meaning for Society from Antiquity to the Early Modern Period
Authors: Koloski-Ostrow Ann Olga
Published: February 2013

This review of The Nature and Function of Water, Baths, Bathing, and Hygiene from Antiquity through the Renaissance , edited by Cynthia Kosso and Anne Scott, considers the wider context for the nature and function of water reflected in previous scholarship for Rome and elsewhere, and then highlights some of the major ideas from a small selection of the more nuanced essays in the volume. These papers provide a significant contribution to water studies, not so much for the questions that are answered as for the expanded boundaries of the inquiry. While the history of water requires further research, this volume has done much to inform us on such issues as gender roles and water usage; attitudes, practices, and innovations in baths and bathing; water and the formation of identity and policy; ancient and medieval water sources and resources; and water imagery in religious and literary texts.
Negotiating Risk: The Failed Development of Atomic Hearts in America, 1967-1977
Authors: McKellar Shelley
Published: February 2013

Between 1967 and 1977 medical researchers and engineers in two separate federally-funded U.S. programs tackled the technological complexity of designing a radioisotope-powered mechanical heart, one in which the primary power source was heat generated by radioactive decay, rather than fission. Its development highlights the technological optimism of scientists and engineers, the intersection of science and government, and the broader context of public debates about risk and uncertainty in this period. Medical researchers and engineers claimed that atomic hearts were feasible and practical and the technological complexities surmountable. However, political and social concerns arising in the context of a heightened sense of risk awareness in the 1970s ultimately played the biggest role in shutting down the atomic heart programs, as strong public support for increased government control of both atomic energy and medical devices overrode scientific assertions that further development could produce a safe and practical atomic heart.
From Javanese Coca to Java Coca: An Exemplary Product of Dutch Colonial Agro-Industrialism, 1880-1920
Authors: van der Hoogte Arjo Roersch , Pieters Toine
Published: February 2013

In 1875 the Botanical Garden of Buitenzorg introduced two coca plants on the island of Java, which was then part of the Netherlands East Indies. Within a thirty-year period, starting in 1892, Java succeeded in becoming the world's leading exporter of coca leaves, surpassing the traditional coca producers in Peru and Bolivia. How and why did this occur? We argue that the story of the transformation of Javanese coca into "Java coca" as part of a "branding" process is closely linked to the rise of the ethical pharmaceutical industry in Europe and a laboratory revolution in botany, chemistry, and pharmacy. The story is also one of transnational circulation of experts, expertise, and the coca plants and leaves that traveled among South America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Furthermore, this case study illustrates the nineteenth-century transition from colonial botany and "green imperialism" to what we conceptualize as "colonial agro-industrialism."
Viewing the World from Different Angles: Plato’s Timaeus 54E-55A
Authors: Paparazzo Ernesto
Published: February 2013

The present article investigates a passage of the Timaeus in which Plato describes the construction of the pyramid. Scholars traditionally interpreted it as involving that the solid angle at the vertex of the pyramid is equal, or nearly so, to 180°, a value which they took to be that of the most obtuse of plane angles. I argue that this interpretation is not warranted, because it conflicts with both the geometrical principles which Plato in all probability knew and the context of the Timaeus. As well as recalling the definitions and properties of plane angles and solid angles in Euclid’s Elements, I offer an alternative interpretation, which in my opinion improves the comprehension of the passage, and makes it consistent with both the immediate and wider context of the Timaeus. I suggest that the passage marks a transition from plane geometry to solid geometry within Plato’s account of the universe.
The Threat to Israel’s Identity in Deuteronomy: Mesopotamian or Levantine?
Authors: Crouch Carly L.
Published: February 2013

Deuteronomy contains a number of indications which locate its interests in the Levant rather than in Mesopotamia. This observation challenges two major theories of the book’s origins: Deuteronomy as pre-exilic attempt to subvert Assyrian imperial power and Deuteronomy as exilic, utopian manifesto for a restored Israel. The indications of a true Levantine context for the deuteronomic interest are identified in both the legal content of the book (passages which presuppose the audience’s presence in the land or identify its interests with the southern Levant and its inhabitants) and in its terminology (»in/from your midst«, »other gods«, lack of »foreigner« language). Note is also made of later attempts to reapply material originally orientated toward the Levant to an exilic population dealing with Mesopotamian culture.

Le Deutéronome contient un certain nombre d’indices qui en situent les intérêts au Levant plutôt qu’en Mésopotamie. Ceci met en cause les deux principales théories quant aux origines du livre: soit un essai, pré-exilique, de subversion face au pouvoir impérial assyrien; soit un programme utopique, d’époque exilique, pour un Israël restauré. Les indices en faveur d’un contexte levantin des intérêts du Deutéronomiste sont à relever aussi bien dans le contexte législatif du livre (passages qui présupposent la présence des auditeurs dans le pays ou qui identifient leurs intérêts avec ceux du Levant méridional et de ses habitants) que dans sa terminologie (»dans/en-dehors de vous«, »les autres dieux«, absence de langue »étrangère «). Ce n’est qu’ultérieurement que des textes, qui visaient à l’origine le Levant, ont été appliqués à une population exilique confrontée à la culture mésopotamienne.

Das Deuteronomium enthält eine Reihe von Hinweisen, wonach seine Interessen mehr in der Levante als in Mesopotamien liegen. Das stellt zwei Haupttheorien zur Herkunft des Buches in Frage, nämlich dass es sich beim Dtn um einen vorexilischer Versuch, den assyrischen Großmachtsanspruch zu unterlaufen, oder um ein exilisches, utopisches Programm für ein erneuertes Israel handele. Die Indizien für einen levantinischen Kontext werden sowohl im legislativen Inhalt des Buches (in den Abschnitten, die die Gegenwart der Hörer im Land voraussetzen oder ihre Interessen mit der südlichen Levante und deren Bewohnern identifizieren) als auch in der Terminologie (»in/aus eurer Mitte«, »andere Götter«, das fehlende Sprechen über »Fremde«) gefunden. Erst später seien Texte, die ursprünglich auf die Levante zielten, auf eine exilische Bevölkerung übertragen worden, in Auseinandersetzung mit mesopotamischer Kultur.
Optimizing Thermoelectric Efficiency of La3-xTe4 with Calcium Metal Substitution
Authors: Clarke Samantha M. , Ma James M. , Huang C.-K. , von Allmen Paul A. , Vo Trinh , Kaner Richard B. , Bux Sabah K. , Fleurial Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2013

La3-xTe4 is a state-of-the-art high temperature n-type thermoelectric material with a previously reported maximum zT∼1.1 at 1273 K. Computational modeling suggests the La atoms play a crucial role in defining the density of states for La3-xTe4 in the conduction band. In addition to controlling charge carrier concentration, substitution with Ca2+ atoms on the La3+ site is explored as a potential means to tune the density of states and result in larger Seebeck coefficients. High purity, oxide-free samples are produced by ball milling of the elements and consolidated by spark plasma sintering. Powder XRD and electron microprobe analysis are used to characterize the material. High temperature thermoelectric properties are reported and compared with La3-xTe4 compositions. A maximum zT of 1.3 is reached at 1273 K for the composition La2.22Ca0.775Te4.
Perceived Danger and Offending: Exploring the Links Between Violent Victimization and Street Crime
Authors: Frederick Tyler J. , McCarthy Bill , Hagan John
Published: February 2013

Perceptions of the danger of crime are typically discussed in the context of people’s fear that they will be harmed by offenders. We shift the focus and examine the association between perceived danger and offending and the contribution of these perceptions to the well-established relationship between violent victimization and crime. We hypothesize that violence may embolden some victims and contribute to their perception that offending is not dangerous. We examine the mediating effects of these perceptions alongside two other potential links between violent victimization and crime: deviant definitions and risk seeking. Our analyses of data from a sample of homeless youth find that violent victimization is strongly associated with four types of offending—theft, drug use, drug selling, and prostitution—and that perceived danger significantly mediates several of these relationships. Our results suggest that perceived danger may be an important mechanism connecting victimization and crime.
Exposure to Parental Violence and Outcomes of Child Psychosocial Adjustment
Authors: Ellonen Noora , Piispa Minna , Peltonen Kirsi , Oranen Mikko
Published: February 2013

Prior research suggests that exposure to violence at home increases the likelihood of mental health problems in children. Studies have also shown that children exposed to violence are more prone to delinquent behavior and regular alcohol use. This study examines the effects of witnessing and experiencing physical violence at home on the psychosocial adjustment of children. Children who both witnessed and personally experienced physical violence exhibited the highest levels of adjustment problems. However, having either one of these risk factors was also associated with negative outcomes. The data are based on the Finnish Child Victim Survey 2008 with a sample of 13,459 students aged 12–13 years and 15–16 years.
Inclusive Domestic Violence Standards: Strategies to Improve Interventions for Women With Disabilities?
Authors: Healey Lucy , Humphreys Cathy , Howe Keran
Published: February 2013

Women with disabilities experience violence at greater rates than other women, yet their access to domestic violence services is more limited. This limitation is mirrored in domestic violence sector standards, which often fail to include the specific issues for women with disabilities. This article has a dual focus: to outline a set of internationally transferrable standards for inclusive practice with women with disabilities affected by domestic violence; and report on the results of a documentary analysis of domestic violence service standards, codes of practice, and practice guidelines. It draws on the Building the Evidence (BtE) research and advocacy project in Victoria, Australia in which a matrix tool was developed to identify minimum standards to support the inclusion of women with disabilities in existing domestic violence sector standards. This tool is designed to interrogate domestic violence sector standards for their attention to women with disabilities.
Reflexive Retaliation for Violent Victimization: The Effect of Social Distance on Weapon Lethality
Authors: Jacques Scott , Rennison Callie Marie
Published: February 2013

During the course of being victimized, why do people sometimes fight back with their fists; in other cases, with a knife or blunt object; and at other times, with a firearm? One theory is that the weapons involved in self-defense, also known as reflexive retaliation, become less lethal as offenders and victims become more intimate and alike culturally. Using National Crime Victimization Survey data, we test hypotheses derived from this theory and primarily find support. This article concludes by discussing implications for future work.
Being an Oracle Is a Tough Job: Reflections on the Special Issue
Authors: Friedberg Robert D.
Published: February 2013

The introduction to this special issue emphasizes that competent supervisors are made not born into their role. Earning supervisory competence is difficult work and requires a varied skill set. The contributions in the special issue help build this diverse skill set. Each contribution in the special issue is summarized and implications are delineated.
Supervising Culturally Informed Modified Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Authors: Warfield Janeece R.
Published: February 2013

Supervision can be a dynamic and fluid process where the relationship between a supervisor and supervisee evolves and enhances the supervisee’s knowledge, attitudes, and skills through the use of various assessments and interventions. As a student encounters clients who have experienced trauma, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)—an empirically based model—can be implemented with diverse populations. Supervisors must ensure that the supervisees can adequately adapt TF-CBT to maintain the fidelity of the model while addressing the contextual variables of the client. Specifically, supervisors must ensure that supervisees have a solid understanding of trauma, child development, and the culture they are addressing. This article will address the role supervisors must take to teach supervisees how to implement the components of TF-CBT, including both application and collection of outcome measurements; how the model can be modified to reflect culturally informed practices; and how supervisors can process with supervisees the challenges of working with trauma-related cases.
The Covered Wagon Journey: Student Chronicles in Advanced Holistic Nursing
Authors: Purnell Marguerite J. , Lange Bernadette , Bailey Christie , Drozdowicz Aleida , Eckes Shirley , Kinchen Elizabeth , Smith-Atkinson Nikkisha
Published: February 2013

This article recounts the experiences of a first cohort of graduate students in a newly implemented advanced holistic nursing (AHN) track, one of only a handful in the nation, and the first in Florida. The increasing popularity of complementary and alternative healing processes represents the insufficiency of a health system of fragmented care and a desire for holistic healing that is beyond mainstream allopathic care. Graduate holistic nurse education equips nurses to explore the commitment needed to advance the evolution of health care. The covered wagon journey is a metaphor for this meaningful participation. Students journaled their experiences as cotravelers in a lone wagon: embarking on a courageous journey, forging a path of discovery, and reaching their destination as pioneers. This cohort experience embodied the central tenets of holistic nursing, thus creating conscious change and unity within a learning community. The future of AHN is addressed in the context of the contemporary health care environment.
The Net Generation of Nursing: Keeping Empathetic Communication Alive
Authors: Metcalfe Sharon , Putnam Amy
Published: February 2013

Electronic communication has had a profound impact on generations, in the nursing profession as well as in society as a whole. Nursing educators struggle with facilitating verbal communication skills in didactic and clinical settings, particularly with the Net Generation. Online education is rapidly becoming the norm in degree-completion programs. Nursing educators must assure that empathetic communication with patients will not become a lost art.
Participant Withdrawal: Challenges and Practical Solutions for Recruitment and Retention in Clinical Trials
Authors: Hadidi Niloufar , Lindquist Ruth , Treat-Jacobson Diane , Swanson Peter
Published: February 2013

A major challenge in the conduct of clinical trials is recruiting and retaining adequate numbers of study participants. Pressure for steady recruitment and retention is great. A wide range of strategies are used to retain participants; however, some approaches raise ethical questions. This article examines issues of participant retention, literature addressing the volunteer nature of informed consent, the moral distress surrounding participant withdrawal, and potential ethical implications. Strategies are proposed to resolve issues and reduce participant and investigator distress. Case studies of two patients with complex chronic illnesses illustrate practical solutions and lessons learned.
Thinking about Your Future: Nursing in the 21st Century
Authors: Barker Joel
Published: February 2013

Successful preparation for the future requires strategic exploration—“what you do be-fore you plan.” Scouting the future involves quickness, sampling rather than exhaustive examination, and qualitative information that will enhance leaders ‘decision making. Strategic exploration requires skills in monitoring trends, innovations, and paradigm shifts (TIPS); examining the long-term implications of those elements; examining the impact of specific changes; and creating visions based on what we have learned.
Correlates of EMDR Therapy in Functional and Structural Neuroimaging: A Critical Summary of Recent Findings
Authors: Pagani Marco , Högberg Göran , Fernandez Isabel , Siracusano Alberto
Published: February 2013

Neuroimaging investigations of the effects of psychotherapies treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), have reported findings consistent with modifications in cerebral blood flow (CBF; single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT]), in neuronal volume and density (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and more recently in brain electric signal (electroencephalography [EEG]). Additionally in the recent past, EMDR-related neurobiological changes were monitored by EEG during therapy itself and showed a shift of the maximal activation from emotional limbic to cortical cognitive brain regions. This was the first time in which neurobiological changes occurring during any psychotherapy session have been reported, making EMDR the first psychotherapy with a proven neurobiological effect. The purpose of this article was to review the results of functional and structural changes taking place at PTSD treatment and presented during the period of 1999–2012 by various research groups. The reported pathophysiological changes are presented by neuropsychological technique and implemented methodology and critically analyzed.
Case Consultation: Unremitting Depression
Authors: Shapiro Robin , Hofmann Arne , Grey Earl
Published: February 2013

Case Consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. In this article, an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) clinician briefly describes a challenging case in which a man, “George,” was referred for EMDR for treatment of a depression that began more than 2 years previously. After all his reported traumatic memories were completely processed with EMDR, George remains severely depressed and the therapist asks how to proceed effectively with treatment. Responses are written by three experts. The first expert, Robin Shapiro, describes a comprehensive list of possible etiologies, including attachment, early trauma, genetic, and other biological causes and their appropriate EMDR, ego state, or medical treatments. The second expert, Arne Hofmann, reviews the treatment that was provided and makes suggestions for alternate treatment targets, suggesting that the therapist could address the client’s belief that “nothing will change” and try the EMDR inverted protocol. The third expert, Earl Grey, recommends that the clinician focus on addressing small “t” traumas, even if the client indicates that he or she has little to no disturbance and explains how to develop and implement a “restorative life span target sequence.”
Case Consultation: Traumatized Pregnant Woman
Authors: Forgash Carol , Leeds Andrew , Stramrood Claire A. I. , Robbins Amy
Published: February 2013

Case consultation is a new regular feature in the Journal of EMDR Practice and Research in which a therapist requests assistance regarding a challenging case and responses are written by three experts. In this article, Amy Robbins, a certified eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapist from Atlanta, Georgia, briefly describes a challenging case in which a pregnant woman seeks treatment for trauma suffered in a tornado. The clinician asks if it is advisable to provide EMDR treatment and what concerns she should be aware of. The first expert, Carol Forgash, provides some general information about pregnancy and psychotherapy and outlines considerations, concerns, and contraindications for proceeding with EMDR. She recommends that if treatment is chosen, the therapist proceed with a recent trauma protocol to specifically target the traumatic memories of the recent tornado. The second expert, Andrew Leeds, comments on the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or other scientific reports exploring the safety of EMDR treatment of pregnant women. He states that pregnant women with symptoms of posttraumatic stress should understand that there is a high probability that EMDR will improve maternal quality of life and that the risks of adverse effects on stability of pregnancy are probably low, but that these remain unknown. The third expert, Claire Stramrood, explains that the few case studies that evaluated EMDR during pregnancy have found positive effects but pertained to women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth. She asserts that once obstetricians have been consulted, women have been informed about possible risks and benefits, and, given their informed consent, they should be able to choose to commence EMDR therapy during pregnancy.
Sizing and Modeling of the Sewage System in the City of Wroclaw / Wymiarowanie I Modelowanie Kanalizacji Deszczowej We Wrocławiu
Authors: Kotowski Andrzej , Kaźmierczak Bartosz
Published: February 2013

The paper presents verification of selected flow time methods in terms of usability for sewage systems design and sizing on the example of a model municipal flat drainage area of the area of 2 km2. Namely, the sewage system network was sized using three methods, that is, MGN with Błaszczyk’s formula, MGN with the precipitation model for WROCLAW and MWO with the precipitation model for Wroclaw, and then, the network functioning was verified for damming up on the area surface and flooding from drains using the hydrodynamic model SWMM 5.0. The precipitation model of Euler type II was used as the drainage area load in the conditions of Wroclaw, for which the probabilistic model of the maximum precipitation was developed. It was shown that the safe flow time method for sewage system sizing is MWO using the criterion for the lack of damming up for the area and flooding from drains.
Psychologically based, anti-prejudice educational intervention – project.
Authors: Popiołek Katarzyna , Wójcik Małgorzata
Published: February 2013

The presented study explores the possibility of creating and implementing educational program which would
reduce intergroup bias in realistic high school setting. The project was based on the assumption that there is the need
of easily applicable, anti-prejudice intervention, which would be appropriate to introduce into foreign language course
books, would be universal in terms of changing negative attitudes and would meet all methodological requirements of
language lessons. Crossed categorization and the common ingroup identity model were used as theoretical basis for 30
English lesson scenarios on B2 level (upper-intermediate). It was shown that after the intervention there was a significant
change in the students’ attitude toward the outgroup and the outgroup members. The implications of these findings are
discussed.
Styles of behaviour in interpersonal conflict concept and research tool (Conflict behaviour questionnaire).
Authors: Balawajder Krystyna
Published: February 2013

The article presents the main types of conflict behaviour with the author’s proposal of their classification. The
suggested classification is based on the way in which an individual deals with a partner’s adverse influence on his/her
self-interest and welfare in a conflict situation. Four possible ways of coping i.e. attack, amicable settlement, defence, and
yielding have been distinguished. On the basis of this behaviour classification, the Conflict Behaviour Questionnaire was
compiled and its reliability and validity was assessed.
The Joint Vibration Analysis of a Multi-Link Surgical Manipulator
Authors: Leniowska Lucyna , Leniowski Ryszard
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a vibration analysis of a multi-link surgical micromanipulator joint, based on its detailed mathematical model. The manipulator’s prototype contains 6 links with the diameter of 8-10 [mm] and with the length of the modules of about 130 [mm]. It is driven by brushless servomotors with worm and planetary gears, for which the total transmission ratio is above 1/10000. Regarding the low efficiency of micro-robot drive systems and its vibrations, a reliable joint model and its performance is crucial for the development of a high-precision control system. To achieve the required accuracy, modelling framework has been enriched with an advanced model of friction. Simulation results are presented and discussed.
Noise Elimination of a Multi-tone Broadband Noise with Hybrid Helmholtz Mufflers Using a Simulated Annealing Method
Authors: Chiu Min-Chie
Published: February 2013

Noise control is essential in an enclosed machine room where the noise level has to comply with the occupational safety and health act. In order to overcome a pure tone noise with a high peak value that is harmful to human hearing, a traditional reactive muffler has been used. However, the traditional method for designing a reactive muffler has proven to be time-consuming and insufficient. In order to efficiently reduce the peak noise level, interest in shape optimization of a Helmholtz muffler is coming to the forefront.

Helmholtz mufflers that deal with a pure tone have been adequately researched. However, the shape optimization of multi-chamber Helmholtz mufflers that deal with a broadband noise hybridized with multiple tones within a constrained space has been mostly ignored. Therefore, this study analyzes the sound transmission loss (STL) and the best optimized design for a hybrid Helmholtz muffler under a space- constrained situation. On the basis of the plane wave theory, the four-pole system matrix used to evaluate the acoustic performance of a multi-tone hybrid Helmholtz muffler is presented. Two numerical cases for eliminating one/two tone noises emitted from a machine room using six kinds of mufflers (muffler A~F) is also introduced. To find the best acoustical performance of a space-constrained muffler, a numerical assessment using a simulated annealing (SA) method is adopted. Before the SA operation can be carried out, the accuracy of the mathematical model has been checked using the experimental data. Eliminating a broadband noise hybridized with a pure tone (130 Hz) in Case I reveals that muffler C composed of a one- chamber Helmholtz Resonator and a one-chamber dissipative element has a noise reduction of 54.9 (dB). Moreover, as indicated in Case II, muffler F, a two-chamber Helmholtz Resonator and a one-chamber dissipative element, has a noise reduction of 69.7 (dB). Obviously, the peak values of the pure tones in Case I and Case II are efficiently reduced after the muffler is added.

Consequently, a successful approach in eliminating a broadband noise hybridized with multiple tones using optimally shaped hybrid Helmholtz mufflers and a simulated annealing method within a constrained space is demonstrated.
Analysis of the Grid Sampling Method for Noise Mapping
Authors: Gómez Escobar Valentín , Barrigón Morillas Juan Miguel , Rey Gozalo Guillermo , Vílchez-Gómez Rosendo , Carmona Del Río Javier , Méndez Sierra Juan A.
Published: February 2013

The grid method is the most widely used technique for measurement-based noise assessment, and indeed is part of the ISO 1996-2 standard. Nevertheless it has certain disadvantages. The present work is an analysis of the grid method for evaluating noise, firstly in the city of Cáceres and, secondly in two other smaller towns. Using as reference a 200 metre grid study, a study was made of the effect of varying the size and form of the grid on the city’s overall noise value, the percentage of data found to lie above some reference thresholds, and the noise value assigned to a certain zone of the city. The ISO 1996 recommendations of the necessity of new sampling points and the method’s predictive capacity for these new measurements were also analyzed.
Joint Factor Analysis of Channel Mismatch in Whispering Speaker Verification
Authors: Lv Gang , Zhao Heming
Published: February 2013

A speaker recognition system based on joint factor analysis (JFA) is proposed to improve whispering speakers’ recognition rate under channel mismatch. The system estimated separately the eigenvoice and the eigenchannel before calculating the corresponding speaker and the channel factors. Finally, a channel-free speaker model was built to describe accurately a speaker using model compensation. The test results from the whispered speech databases obtained under eight different channels showed that the correct recognition rate of a recognition system based on JFA was higher than that of the Gaussian Mixture Model-Universal Background Model. In particular, the recognition rate in cellphone channel tests increased significantly.
Dna Sequence Assembly Involving an Acyclic Graph Model
Authors: Blazewicz Jacek , Frohmberg Wojciech , Gawron Piotr , Kasprzak Marta , Kierzynka Michal , Swiercz Aleksandra , Wojciechowski Pawel
Published: February 2013

The problem of DNA sequence assembly is well known for its high complexity. Experimental errors of di erent kinds present in data and huge sizes of the problem instances make this problem very hard to solve. In order to deal with such data, advanced efficient heuristics must be constructed. Here, we propose a new approach to the sequence assembly problem, modeled as the problem of searching for paths in an acyclic digraph. Since the graph representing an assembly instance is not acyclic in general, it is heuristically transformed into the acyclic form. This approach reduces the time of computations significantly and allows to maintain high quality of produced solutions.
Can Neonatal Pneumoperitoneum be Managed by Conservative Management Alone?
Authors: Pati Sananda , Chaki Bhushan , Roy Atanu , De Sangita
Published: February 2013

Common causes of pneumoperitoneum in neonates includes necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), specific infections, gastro intestinal obstruction, iatrogenic causes, idiopathic focal intestinal perforation, perforation secondary to intra thoracic pathology, mechanical ventilation etc. Primary peritoneal drainage and exploratory laparotomy remain the definitive management of pneumoperitoneum in neonates. Here we report a case of suspected spontaneous idiopathic intestinal perforation managed conservatively with monitoring of vital signs. The neonate had an uneventful recovery. This case highlights the need to identify infants with benign or non surgical causes of pneumoperitoneum thus avoiding unnecessary laparotomies and referrals in these vulnerable neonates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.5912 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 252-253
A Rare Case of Right Frontal and Ethmoidal Bony Deformity With Schizencephaly
Authors: Arumugam Jayavardhana , Vijayalakshmi AM
Published: February 2013

No AbstractDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6123J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 270
Manual Reduction of Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia in Children
Authors: Thapa Bijay , Pun Madhusudan
Published: February 2013

Introduction: Incarceration of an indirect inguinal hernia in children is an acute emergency and one of the common complications that may occur before herniotomy. Inguinal hernias rarely go away, and therefore, virtually all should be repaired at any age of presentation. Incarcerated inguinal hernia can be reduced successfully by manual reduction if performed by experienced hands on time. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of manual reduction of incarcerated indirect inguinal hernia. Materials and Methods: Thirty six patients who attended Emergency Department of Kanti Children’s Hospital over 30 months period from January 2009 to July 2011 were studied prospectively. All patients were diagnosed case of inguinal hernia and waiting for elective herniotomy. Results: There were 30(83.33%) males and 6(16.66%) females, with male-to-female ratio of 5:1. Right sided inguinal hernia was 20(55.5%) and left 16(44.44%). The ages ranged from 1.5 months to 28 months with mean age of 15 months. Time of incarceration ranged from 3 hours to 30 hours. Manual reduction was successful in 30(83.33%). Remaining six had to undergo emergency surgery. Four patients with edematous but viable hernial contents had successful surgical reduction. Two patients with gangrenous small bowel loops had bowel resection and anastomosis. Conclusion: Manual reduction is safe and effective when performed timely. Herniotomy should be done without delay once diagnosed to avoid unnecessary complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6146 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 229-232
Bruton’s X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Presenting as Chronic Monoarticular Arthritis
Authors: Kumar Mani Kant , Patel Pankaj Kumar , Tahir Mohammad Mahtab Ali
Published: February 2013

Bruton’s X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an X linked recessive primary immune deficiency disorder characterized by recurrent bacterial infections and failure to generate immunoglobulins of all isotypes due to the absence or profoundly decreased mature B cells and plasma cells, secondary to mutations in the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene. The coexistence of chronic monoarticular arthritis in a patient with Bruton’s XLA has been described an uncommon presentation. We describe a 5 year-old boy with XLA and chronic monoarticular arthritis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6183 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 245-249
Enteric fever in Children at Dhulikhel Hospital
Authors: Singh Srijana Dongol , Shrestha Shreema , Shrestha Narayan , Manandhar Sanjay
Published: February 2013

Introduction: Typhoid fever is one of the most common public health problems in Nepal. It occurs in all parts of the world where water supplies and sanitation are sub-standard. In Dhulikhel hospital, this is one of the top acute febrile illnesses in inpatient department. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical and laboratory parameters including culture and sensitivity, the response to therapy, and complications of enteric fever among child cases at Dhulikhel Hospital. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital from January 2009 to June 2011. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS. Results: There were total of 138 cases of enteric fever admitted. There were 73 (53%) male and 65 (47%) female. Eighty-one percent were above five years of age. The most common clinical presentation was fever (100%) followed by headache and G I symptoms. Hepatomegaly was the most common sign seen among the cases and was seen in 110cases (79.71%). Most of the patients had normal WBC count 100 (72.46%) Widal test was positive in 70 (50.72%) cases and blood culture was positive in 52(37.68%) cases. Nalidixic acid was found to be resistant in 26 (50%) cases. Complications were seen in only 7 (5%) enteric fever cases. Conclusion: Typhoid fever is predominant in school going children in Nepal with slight male predominance. Fever lasting over 3 days followed by headache and GI symptoms are the major presenting symptoms. In making the diagnosis, the isolation of bacteria from blood is the “gold standard”. Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella typhi is on the increasing trend. Pneumonia was found to be the most common complication among all other complications seen in enteric cases. In Dhulikhel Hospital this is one of the top acute febrile illnesses in inpatient department. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6682 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 216-220
Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Children at Kathmandu Model Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Basudha , Gurubacharya Rajesh Lal , Maharjan Basanta , Shrestha Sanjit
Published: February 2013

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens has increased globally. Updated knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in the health institutes is important for the selection of an appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the multi drug resistant urinary isolates in the children from 1 to15 years and evaluate the options for empiric antibiotic therapy. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from December 2011 to May 2012 in the Bacteriology laboratory, Kathmandu Model Hospital. Urine samples received in the laboratory were processed for routine, culture and its sensitivity. The antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was determined following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommended Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Results: Of the total 372 urine samples received in the laboratory, 60 (16.13%) showed significant growth; of which 55.0 % (33/60) were MDR isolates. Escherichia coli were the predominant isolate from urine sample. Out of 49 Escherichia coli isolates, 27 (45.0%) were Multi drug resistant. Enterococcus faecalis (N=3) was the most predominant Gram positive isolate and 66.67 % (2/3) of this organism were multi drug resistant. Among the first line drugs used against gram negative isolates, nitrofurantoin was the most effective drug followed by quinolones, while among the second line drugs; meropenem was the most effective drug followed by chloramphenicol and amikacin, whereas; nitrofurantoin (100%) was the most effective drug for Gram positive isolates followed by norfloxacin and cefotaxime. Conclusion: High percentages of multi drug resistant uropathogens were revealed in children. Nitrofurantoin was found to be the most effective drug for gram positive, gram negative and multi drug resistant isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6771 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 233-238
Caffey’s Disease Affecting the Ribs
Authors: Nayek Kaustav , Barik Kanailal , Chaki Bhusan , Adhikary Amit
Published: February 2013

Caffey’s disease is a rare disorder affecting the bones in infancy. It is characterized by irritability, fever, cortical hyperosteosis and adjacent soft tissue swelling. Here is report of an uncommon case where the ribs were significantly affected including the clavicle. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i3.6933 J. Nepal Paediatr. SocVol.32(3) 2012 250-251
The quality of Alginate Impressions for fabrication of Fixed Partial Dentures Received by Commercial Dental Laboratories in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Aleya , Shahin ASM , Khan Md Ali Afzal , Islam Md Saiful , Ahmed Rubaba
Published: February 2013

The study was conducted to evaluate the quality of alginate impression sent to commercial dental laboratories for fabrication of Fixed partial dentures (FPD), to describe the frequency of clinically detectable errors and to determine correlation between factors. A Cross-sectional Study in eight commercial dental laboratories was conducted and a sample of 171 impressions was examined. For each impression, type of tray used, number of prepared units per jaw, model preparation time, manipulation quality, impression of arch, tray showing through impression material and utilization of embedded retraction cord were recorded. Over half of the specimens (58%) inspected were found to be unsatisfactory as they contained at least one detectable error. These errors included alginate manipulation with granularity (5.8%), Impression of partial arch (26.3%), Bubbles at finish line (4.1%) Presence of tears along the margin (6.4%), Tray showing through material (43.9%), Delayed model prepared (29.8%) and Did not used Retraction cord (78.4%). Significant associations were found between manipulation of impression material and presence of tearing at the margin line ( p=.007) and presence of bubbles at the margin line (p=.011). Selecting alginate impression material as a final impression is not a good choice for fabricating FPD. Therefore, the dental practitioners need to revise their treatment plan before taking impression. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i1.13950 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (1): 02-07
The Hair on My Head Is Shining: Qur'anic Imagery of the Curl in Classical Azeri-Turkish Ṣūfī Poetry
Authors: Gasimova Aida
Published: February 2013

Two main tendencies can be observed in the intertextual use of the Qur'anic text in the depiction of facial features in classical Azeri-Turkish Ṣūfī poetry: first, features of divine beauty are compared with the writing of the Qur'an, its suras and ayas, and second, these features are juxtaposed with images drawn from Qur'anic narratives such as the account of Moses' encounter with the sorcerers or the story of Joseph. Research on the impact of the Qur'an on Azeri-Turkish Ṣūfī poetry has until now mainly focused on the first tendency, particularly on revealing the secret meanings of symbols by using the numerical abjad system, whereas the second aspect – that of symbolic images derived from Qur'anic stories – remains relatively unexplored. With this in mind, this article will examine Qur'anic images utilised in the depiction of the face, specifically the influence of Qur'anic narratives upon the variations of Ṣūfī symbolism of the curl in medieval Turkish Ṣūfī poetry, with special reference to poetry in the Azeri vernacular. Although attention will be restricted mainly to Qur'anic stories, some consideration will also be given to pure Ḥurūfī trends.
Expression and Genetic Analysis of MicroRNAs Involved in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ridolfi Elisa , Fenoglio Chiara , Cantoni Claudia , Calvi Alberto , De Riz Milena , Pietroboni Anna , Villa Chiara , Serpente Maria , Bonsi Rossana , Vercellino Marco , Cavalla Paola , Galimberti Daniela , Scarpini Elio
Published: February 2013

Evidence underlines the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on the fact that miRNAs are present in human biological fluids, we previously showed that miR-223, miR-23a and miR-15b levels were downregulated in the sera of MS patients versus controls. Here, the expression levels of these candidate miRNAs were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the serum of MS patients, in addition to three genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Mapping in the genomic regions of miR-223, miR-23a and miR-15b genes, 399 cases and 420 controls were tested. Expression levels of miR-223 and miR-23a were altered in PBMCs from MS patients versus controls. Conversely, there were no differences in the expression levels of miR-15b. A significantly decreased genotypic frequency of miR-223 rs1044165 T/T genotype was observed in MS patients. Moreover, the allelic frequency of miR-23a rs3745453 C allele was significantly increased in patients versus controls. In contrast, there were no differences in the distribution of miR-15b SNP. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-223 and miR-23a could play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Moreover, miR-223 rs1044165 polymorphism likely acts as a protective factor, while miR-23a rs3745453 variant seems to act as a risk factor for MS.
Le tourisme dans l'outre-mer français face à la contrainte carbone
Authors: Ceron Jean-Paul , Dubois Ghislain
Published: February 2013

Dans la perspective d'une réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, le tourisme vers les destinations lointaines apparaît problématique. Cet article évalue les émissions, identifie les variables d'action pour les réduire, et articule ces dernières dans le cadre de scénarios à 2025 pour un ensemble de destinations : Guadeloupe, Réunion, Polynésie française et Nouvelle-Calédonie. Au côté de critères comme la protection de la biodiversité ou la lutte contre la pauvreté, les agences de développement devront intégrer cette contrainte carbone dans leur décision sur l’opportunité ou non de soutenir le tourisme.
Structure industrielle et développement local du littoral tunisien, 1998-2004
Authors: Amara Mohamed , Thabet Khaled
Published: February 2013

L’objectif de cet article est de tester l’existence d’une relation entre la structure industrielle (spécialisation, diversité, concurrence locale et taille des firmes), le salaire et les investissements directs étrangers d’une part, et la performance productive des entreprises manufacturières en termes de valeur ajoutée, d’autre part. Pour cinq secteurs industriels répartis sur 138 délégations du littoral tunisien et observés sur la période 1998-2004, les résultats d’estimation d’un modèle en données de panel non cylindré montrent que la spécialisation, la diversification et la concurrence locale sont toutes bénéfiques pour le développement industriel. Les résultats révèlent également que les entreprises de grande taille sont les plus productives et que les investissements directs étrangers ont un effet négatif sur la valeur ajoutée des secteurs manufacturiers.
Les valeurs internationales à l'épreuve du terrain : adhésions et résistances à la lutte contre le travail des enfants au Maroc
Authors: Denieuil Pierre-Noël , Laroussi Houda
Published: February 2013

La situation du travail des enfants au Maroc est très diversifiée du point de vue professionnel (types d’emplois) et régional (contextes socioterritoriaux). L’article analyse la confrontation entre les valeurs de la modernité industrielle et celles de la tradition en matière de lutte contre le travail des enfants. Il rend compte d’enquêtes conduites à la demande d’une association marocaine de microcrédit œuvrant pour sensibiliser ses personnels à la défense des droits des enfants. Nous montrons que des opérateurs de l’association, ainsi que des artisans employeurs d’enfants sur le terrain, s’opposent aux programmes internationaux et aux valeurs préconisées, notamment par le Bureau international du travail.
A Female Voice in Early Modern Love Poetry – Gaspara Stampa
Authors: Vernqvist Johanna
Published: February 2013

In the 16th century a revolution took place for women poets in Italy and Gaspara Stampa (1523-1554) was one of the strongest voices of the period. She is not only a woman writing within a literary code created by and for men, Petrarchism – she writes her poetry with confidence, takes tone and makes a woman’s voice heard where it traditionally does not exist. She goes against ideals and creates female speaking and loving subject At the same time, she makes man her muse and silent object of her praise. And where the tradition divides love in high and low, heavenly and earthbound, Stampa seeks union of body and soul, a union of the two lovers, because without love life is not even worth living.
To Live or to Die for Art: Vicki Baum’s Artist Novel Die Karriere der Doris Hart in the Light of Willa Cather’s The Song of the Lark
Authors: Fjelkestam Kristina
Published: February 2013

Cette étude est centrée sur le roman allemand Die Karriere der Doris Hart, publié en 1936. Son auteur, Vicki Baum, à l’époque grand écrivain de best-sellers, est aujourd’hui oublié. Die Karriere der Doris Hart raconte l’histoire du succès dramatique d’une chanteuse d’opéra. Le roman est écrit de telle sorte que l’objectivité critique du Neue Sachlichkeit se heurte à et rompt avec un idéal plus ancien de l’artiste. Cependant, à la fin du roman, l’idéal romantique persiste : cet essai tente d’expliquer ce phénomène. L’article s’ouvre sur une présentation des critères formels de la littérature du Neue Sachlichkeit qui contextualise synchroniquement Die Karriere der Doris Hart. Puis, un parallèle diachronique est établi entre ce roman et le genre du roman de l’artiste, et en particulier le texte qui est à considérer comme son intertexte, à savoir The Song of the Lark de Willa Cather, qui date de 1915. Enfin, l’essai se termine sur une analyse comparative avec The Song of the Lark.