bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Association of Personality Traits and Grit on Greek Students’ Wellbeing in Higher Education
Authors: Katsarou Eirene , Chatzipanagiotou Paraskevi
Published: January 2025

University student wellbeing, viewed as a crucial factor for academic achievement, has become a significant concern for educational systems worldwide due to the growing incidence of students with increased stress and emotional health problems. Adopting a cross-sectional research design, this study seeks to explore undergraduate students’ academic wellbeing within a Greek academic context by identifying profiles of academic wellbeing as reported by participants in our sample, examine the extent to which these profiles differ by their demographic characteristics, personality traits, and grit, and determine the effects of the big five personality traits and grit on student wellbeing. Data were collected using a convenience sampling method with 206 first-year Greek undergraduate students majoring in Agriculture and Forestry completing an online survey questionnaire. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct academic wellbeing profiles, i.e., low (‘the overwhelmed’), medium (‘the balanced’), and high (‘the resilient’), that statistically differed by gender, age, field of academic studies, grit level, and personality traits. No statistically significant association was found between overall student wellbeing, self-reported grit levels, and personality traits. However, stepwise multiple regression results showed that the grit subscale of consistency of interests negatively predicts certain aspects of student wellbeing outcomes leading to a decline in self-reported levels of wellbeing and increasing levels of negative emotions and meaninglessness. This study further discusses potential initiatives and interventions adopted to enhance student wellbeing in higher education.
Performance Analysis of a Synchronous Reluctance Generator with a Slitted-Rotor Core for Off-Grid Wind Power Generation
Authors: Adjei-Frimpong Samuel , Muteba Mbika
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the performance of a Dual-Stator Winding Synchronous Reluctance Generator (SynRG) suitability for off-grid wind power generation is analyzed. The rotor of the SynRG has a slitted-rotor core to improve selected vital performance parameters. The SynRG with a slitted-rotor core was modeled using a two-dimensional (2D) Finite Element Method (FEM) to study the electromagnetic performance of key parameters of interest. To validate the FEA results, a prototype of the SynRG with a slitted rotor was tested in the laboratory for no-load operation and load operation for unity, lagging, and leading power factors. To evaluate the capability of the SynRG with a slitted-rotor core to operate in a wind turbine environment, the machine was modeled and simulated in Matlab/Simulink (R2023a) for dynamic responses. The FEA results reveal that the SynRG with a slitted-rotor core, compared with the conventional SynRG with the same ratings and specifications, reduces the torque ripple by 24.51%, 29.72%, and 13.13% when feeding 8 A to a load with unity, lagging, and leading power factors, respectively. The FEA results also show that the induced voltage on no-load of the SynRG with a slitted-rotor core, compared with the conventional SynRG of the same ratings and specifications, increases by 10.77% when the auxiliary winding is fed by a capacitive excitation current of 6 A. Furthermore, the same results show that with a fixed excitation capacitive current of 6 A, the effect of armature reaction of the SynRG with a slitted-rotor core is demagnetizing when operating with load currents having a lagging power factor, and magnetizing when operating with load currents having unity and leading power factors. The same patterns have been observed in the experimental results for different excitation capacitance values. The Matlab/Simulink results show that the SynRG with a slitted-rotor core has a quicker dynamic response than the conventional SynRG. However, a well-designed pitch-control mechanism for the wind turbine is necessary to account for changes in wind speeds.
Low-Rank Tensor Recovery Based on Nonconvex Geman Norm and Total Variation
Authors: Su Xinhua , Lin Huixiang , Ge Huanmin , Mei Yifan
Published: January 2025

Tensor restoration finds applications in various fields, including data science, image processing, and machine learning, where the global low-rank property is a crucial prior. As the convex relaxation to the tensor rank function, the traditional tensor nuclear norm is used by directly adding all the singular values of a tensor. Considering the variations among singular values, nonconvex regularizations have been proposed to approximate the tensor rank function more effectively, leading to improved recovery performance. In addition, the local characteristics of the tensor could further improve detail recovery. Currently, the gradient tensor is explored to effectively capture the smoothness property across tensor dimensions. However, previous studies considered the gradient tensor only within the context of the nuclear norm. In order to better simultaneously represent the global low-rank property and local smoothness of tensors, we propose a novel regularization, the Tensor-Correlated Total Variation (TCTV), based on the nonconvex Geman norm and total variation. Specifically, the proposed method minimizes the nonconvex Geman norm on singular values of the gradient tensor. It enhances the recovery performance of a low-rank tensor by simultaneously reducing estimation bias, improving approximation accuracy, preserving fine-grained structural details and maintaining good computational efficiency compared to traditional convex regularizations. Based on the proposed TCTV regularization, we develop TC-TCTV and TRPCA-TCTV models to solve completion and denoising problems, respectively. Subsequently, the proposed models are solved by the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), and the complexity and convergence of the algorithm are analyzed. Extensive numerical results on multiple datasets validate the superior recovery performance of our method, even in extreme conditions with high missing rates.
Orientation Detection in Color Images Using a Bio-Inspired Artificial Visual System
Authors: Chen Tianqi , Zhang Zeyu , Todo Yuki , Tang Zheng , Zhang Huiran
Published: January 2025

In this study, we propose a biologically inspired artificial visual system (AVS) for efficient orientation detection. The AVS begins by processing multi-channel red, green and blue (RGB) inputs using cone cells, which is followed by the preprocessing of visual signals through on–off response mechanisms in bipolar and horizontal cells. Local dendritic neurons detect orientation and generate feature maps, which are then integrated in a lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)-like process to capture global features. Inspired by the Koch, Poggio, and Torre framework, the dendritic model employs nonlinear multiplicative operations for feature selection, while backpropagation optimizes parameters for accurate motion direction analysis. Our system significantly reduces learning time and computational costs compared to traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by over 50% in duration and RAM usage, especially to the complex models like ResNet and EfficientNet. Evaluations on various noise conditions and real-world datasets demonstrate the AVS’s robustness, high accuracy, and efficiency, even when trained with limited data. The biologically plausible design, coupled with the system’s ability to process RGB images, makes the AVS a promising solution for industrial and medical applications, such as defect detection and medical image analysis.
A Multi-Model Polynomial-Based Tracking Method for Targets with Complex Maneuvering Patterns
Authors: Wang Pikun , Wu Ling , Xu Junfei , Lu Faxing
Published: January 2025

In the absence of a priori knowledge about target motion characteristics, the task of tracking complex maneuvering targets remains challenging. A multi-model polynomial-based complex target tracking method is presented to address this issue. Observation sequences of varying lengths are fitted by time polynomials of different orders, which are used to create a set of target motion models. Subsequently, the multi-model framework is employed to track maneuvering targets with uncertain motion characteristics. To verify the effectiveness of the suggested approach, three datasets were created with kinematic equation, the gazebo platform and real watercrafts. Based on the above three datasets, the proposed method is compared with classical multi-model methods and a deep learning method. Theoretical analysis and experimental results reveal that, in the lack of a priori information of target maneuvering features, the tracking error of the proposed method can be reduced by 12.5~30% compared with the traditional MM method. Moreover, the proposed method is able to overcome the problem of accuracy degradation caused by model misalignment and parameter tuning faced by the deep learning based methods.
Multi-Timescale Battery-Charging Optimization for Electric Heavy-Duty Truck Battery-Swapping Stations, Considering Source–Load–Storage Uncertainty
Authors: Shi Peijun , Ni Guojian , Jin Rifeng , Wang Haibo , Wang Jinsong , Sun Zhongwei , Qiu Guizhi
Published: January 2025

With the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources like wind power and photovoltaic (PV) power, uncertainties in the renewable energy output and the battery-swapping demand for electric heavy-duty trucks make it challenging for battery-swapping stations to optimize battery-charging management centrally. Uncoordinated large-scale charging behavior can increase operation costs for battery-swapping stations and even affect the stability of the power grid. To mitigate this, this paper proposes a multi-timescale battery-charging optimization for electric heavy-duty truck battery-swapping stations, taking into account the source–load–storage uncertainty. First, a model incorporating uncertainties in renewable energy output, time-of-use pricing, and grid load fluctuations is developed for the battery-swapping station. Second, based on day-ahead and intra-day timescales, the optimization problem for battery-charging strategies at battery-swapping stations is decomposed into day-ahead and intra-day optimization problems. We propose a day-ahead charging strategy optimization algorithm based on intra-day optimization feedback information-gap decision theory (IGDT) and an improved grasshopper algorithm for intra-day charging strategy optimization. The key contributions include the following: (1) the development of a battery-charging model for electric heavy-duty truck battery-swapping stations that accounts for the uncertainty in the power output of energy sources, loads, and storage; (2) the proposal of a day-ahead battery-charging optimization algorithm based on intra-day-optimization feedback information-gap decision theory (IGDT), which allows for dynamic adjustment of risk preferences; (3) the proposal of an intra-day battery-charging optimization algorithm based on an improved grasshopper optimization algorithm, which enhances algorithm convergence speed and stability, avoiding local optima. Finally, simulation comparisons confirm the success of the proposed approach. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces charging costs by 4.26% and 6.03% compared with the two baseline algorithms, respectively, and improves grid stability, highlighting its effectiveness for managing battery-swapping stations under uncertainty.
CO2 Sequestration in a Carbonate Saline Aquifer: An Investigation into the Roles of Natural Fractures and Well Placement
Authors: Al Mulhim Abdulrahim K. , Delshad Mojdeh , Sepehrnoori Kamy
Published: January 2025

CO2 sequestration is considered one of the main pillars in achieving the ongoing decarbonization efforts. A myriad of CO2 sequestration projects targeted sandstone reservoirs since carbonate reservoirs appeared to be unpropitious due to their geological complexity and unfavorable mineralogy and properties. This study investigates CO2 sequestration potential in a carbonate saline aquifer while considering various geological complexities by capitalizing on numerical simulation. A synthetic anticline reservoir model examined the optimum well location and landing zone for CO2 sequestration. Additionally, the model evaluated the role of natural fractures in the migration path of CO2 plume and geochemical reactions throughout the storage process. The study demonstrates that placing the injection well away from the top of the structure in a low-dip region while injecting in the bottom interval would yield the optimum design. After applying a plethora of analyses, geological complexity could impede the migration path of CO2 but eventually produce a similar path when injected in a similar region. The geochemical interactions between the injected CO2 and reservoir fluids and minerals reduce the free and trapped CO2 quantities by dissolving calcite and precipitating dolomite. Furthermore, natural fractures impact the CO2 quantities during early times only when the fractures cross the top layers. Similarly, the CO2 migration differs due to the higher permeability within the fractures, resulting in slightly different CO2 plumes. Consequently, the role of natural fractures should be limited in carbon storage projects, specifically if they do not cross the top of the reservoir. This study reflects a unique perspective on sequestering CO2 while capturing the roles of natural fractures and well placement in depicting the migration path of the CO2 plume. A similar systematic workflow and holistic approach can be utilized to optimize the subsurface storage process for potential formations.
Solar Irradiance Ramp Classification Using the IBEDI (Irradiance-Based Extreme Day Identification) Method
Authors: Benavides Cesar Llinet , Perpiñán-Lamigueiro Oscar
Published: January 2025

The inherent variability of solar energy presents a significant challenge for grid operators, particularly when it comes to maintaining stability. Studying ramping phenomena is therefore crucial to understanding and managing fluctuations in power supply. In line with this goal, this study proposes a new classification approach for solar irradiance ramps, categorizing them into four distinct classes. We have proposed a methodology including adaptation and extension of a wind ramp classification to solar ramp classification titled the Irradiance-Based Extreme Day Identification method. Our proposal includes an agglomerative algorithm to find new ramp class boundaries. The strength of the proposed method relies on that it allows its generalization to any dataset. We assessed it on three datasets from distinct geographic regions—Oregon (northwestern United States), Hawaii (central Pacific Ocean), and Portugal (southwestern Europe)—each with varying temporal resolutions of five seconds, ten seconds, and one minute. The class boundaries for each dataset results in different limits of Z score value, as a consequence of the different climatic characteristics of each location and the time resolution of the datasets. The “low” class includes values less than 0.62 for Portugal, less than 2.17 for Oregon, and less than 2.19 for Hawaii. The “moderate” class spans values from 0.62 to 3.51 for Portugal, from 2.17 to 5.01 for Oregon, and from 2.19 to 5.88 for Hawaii. The “high” class covers values greater than 3.51 and up to 6 for Portugal, greater than 5.01 and up to 10.72 for Oregon, and greater than 5.88 and up to 8.01 for Hawaii. Lastly, the “severe” class includes values greater than 6 for Portugal, greater than 10.72 for Oregon, and greater than 8.01 for Hawaii. Under cloudy sky conditions, it is observed that the proposed algorithm is able to classify the four classes. These thresholds show how the proposed methodology adapts to the unique characteristics of each regional dataset.
Design and Simulation of Inductive Power Transfer Pad for Electric Vehicle Charging
Authors: Aurongjeb Md , Liu Yumin , Ishfaq Muhammad
Published: January 2025

Electric vehicles (EVs) wireless charging is enabled by inductive power transfer (IPT) technology, which eliminates the need for physical connections between the vehicle and the charging station, allowing power to be transmitted without the use of cables. However, in the present wireless charging equipment, the power transfer still needs to be improved. In this work, we present a power transfer structure using a unique “DD circular (DDC) power pad”, which mitigates the two major obstacles of wireless EV charging, due to the mitigating power of electromagnetic field (EMF) leakage emissions and the increase in misalignment tolerance. We present a DDC power pad structure, which integrates features from both double D(DD) and circular power pads. We first build a three-dimensional electromagnetic model based on the DDC structure. A detailed analysis is performed of the electromagnetic characteristics, and the device parameters regarding the power transfer efficiency, coupling coefficient, and mutual inductance are also presented to evaluate the overall performance. Then, we examine the performance of the DDC power pad under various horizontal and vertical misalignment circumstances. The coupling coefficients and mutual inductance, as two essential factors for effective power transmission under dynamic circumstances, are investigated. The findings of misalignment effects on coupling efficiency indicate that the misalignment does not compromise the DDC pad’s robust performance. Therefore, our DDC power pad structure has a better electromagnetic characteristic and a higher misalignment tolerance than conventional circular and DD pads. In general, the DDC structure we present makes it a promising solution for wireless EV charging systems and has good application prospects.
Modeling Electricity Markets and Energy Systems: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Esmaeili Aliabadi Danial , Pinto Tiago
Published: January 2025

From the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, energy was predominantly produced by conventional technologies, relying on a heat source (mostly from the combustion of fossil fuels) and the turning of steam turbines [...]
Bacterial Cellulose: From Biofabrication to Applications in Sustainable Fashion and Vegan Leather
Authors: Absharina Dheanda , Padri Mohamad , Veres Csilla , Vágvölgyi Csaba
Published: January 2025

The rising demand for sustainable materials has led to a significant focus on developing resources from renewable systems, particularly through the integration of biological processes. Bacterial cellulose (BC) has emerged as a highly promising biomaterial, gaining attention across multiple industries, such as food, pharmaceuticals, materials science, and textiles, due to its renewable, biodegradable, and eco-friendly characteristics. Within the fashion industry, bacterial cellulose (BC) biofabrication presents a groundbreaking method for producing sustainable textiles and vegan leather. This systematic review emphasizes BC’s pivotal role in advancing sustainable materials, addressing challenges like low yields, strain instability, and high production costs, and exploring innovative biofabrication techniques to overcome these barriers. Current advancements aim to enhance the thickness, uniformity, and mechanical properties of BC layers by optimizing the environmental and nutritional conditions during Komagataeibacter cultivation and leveraging coculturing methods. Furthermore, recent innovations in synthetic biology and genetic engineering have opened new avenues for improving BC biosynthesis, making it a viable solution for the sustainable fashion industry. This review explores three core topics: (1) bacterial cellulose and its applications, (2) the biofabrication of BC for vegan leather, and (3) emerging innovations and patents utilizing bacterial cellulose as a sustainable industrial biomaterial.
High-Risk AI Systems—Lie Detection Application
Authors: Kalodanis Konstantinos , Rizomiliotis Panagiotis , Feretzakis Georgios , Papapavlou Charalampos , Anagnostopoulos Dimosthenis
Published: January 2025

Integrating artificial intelligence into border control systems may help to strengthen security and make operations more efficient. For example, the emerging application of artificial intelligence for lie detection when inspecting passengers presents significant opportunities for future implementation. However, as it makes use of technology that is associated with artificial intelligence, the system is classified as high risk, in accordance with the EU AI Act and, therefore, must adhere to rigorous regulatory requirements to mitigate potential risks. This manuscript distinctly amalgamates the technical, ethical, and legal aspects, thereby offering an extensive examination of the AI-based lie detection systems utilized in border security. This academic paper is uniquely set apart from others because it undertakes a thorough investigation into the categorization of these emerging technologies in terms of the regulatory framework established by the EU AI Act, which classifies them as high risk. It further makes an assessment of practical case studies, including notable examples such as iBorderCtrl and AVATAR. This in-depth analysis seeks to emphasize not only the enormous challenges ahead for practitioners but also the progress made in this emerging field of study. Furthermore, it seeks to investigate threats, vulnerabilities, and privacy concerns associated with AI, while providing security controls to address difficulties related to lie detection. Finally, we propose a framework that encompasses the EU AI Act’s principles and serves as a foundation for future approaches and research projects. By analyzing current methodologies and considering future directions, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the viability and consequences of deploying AI lie detection capabilities in border control.
Impact of Weather Factors on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’ Wireless Communications
Authors: Mishra Lalan , Kaabouch Naima
Published: January 2025

As the applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) expand, reliable communication between UAVs and ground control stations is crucial for successful missions. However, adverse weather conditions caused by atmospheric gases, clouds, fog, rain, and turbulence pose challenges by degrading communication signals. Although, some recent studies have explored the nature of signal attenuation caused by atmospheric weather variations, studies that compare the attenuation from various weather conditions and analyze the effect on available bandwidth are missing. This work aimed to address this research gap by thoroughly investigating the impact of atmospheric weather conditions on the bandwidth available for UAV communications. Quantitative and qualitative performance analyses were performed for various weather conditions using metrics such as attenuation and the bit error rate of the received signals associated with different modulation schemes and frequencies, using a linearly segmented attenuation model. The results indicate that atmospheric gases and clouds/fog affect wireless signal propagation; however, the effect of rain on the propagation distances and operating frequencies considered in this study was the most severe. Based on the influence of power transmission, operating frequency, modulation schemes, distance, and adverse weather conditions on the bit error rate and bandwidth suboptimization, we propose an algorithm to select the maximum operating frequency for reliable UAV link operation.
Wheat Germ as Partial or Total Substitutive of Lean Meat in Low-Fat Cooked Sausages
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Marta , Revilla Isabel , Rodrigo Pablo , López-Calabozo Rocío , Vivar-Quintana Ana María
Published: January 2025

Wheat germ is a byproduct of the cereal industry that contains high levels of protein, fiber, B vitamins, minerals, and other functional microcomponents. However, so far, few applications have been found in the meat industry despite the growing interest in replacing meat with vegetable proteins. Therefore, the use of wheat germ for the production of low-fat frankfurters was considered. Five different formulations were prepared: control with pork meat and the following four to achieve 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% lean meat substitution by wheat germ. Proximal composition, color, texture, emulsion characterization, fatty acid profile, fat oxidation, and consumer acceptance were then analyzed. The results showed that the incorporation of wheat germ improved emulsion stability, decreasing significantly total expressible fluid and jelly/fat separation, although increasing the back extrusion force. In terms of the final product, the progressive substitution of meat by germ resulted in significant increases in carbohydrates, in special of fiber, and ash as well as significant decreases in moisture and total fat. Sausages made with germ were darker (L*), as well as harder, chewier, and gummier, but less cohesive and elastic. Similarly, wheat germ substitution improved the quality of the lipid profile showing higher levels of, but decreased acceptability for replacements > 25%. Substitution of meat was feasible up to 25%, a formulation for which there was hardly any significant difference with the control.
Development of Scalable Elastic Gelatin Hydrogel Films Crosslinked with Waterborne Polyurethane for Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Strain Recovery
Authors: Choi Soon Mo , Shin Eun Joo , Zo Sun Mi , Kummara Madhusudana Rao , Kim Chul Min , Kumar Anuj , Bae Han Jo , Sood Ankur , Han Sung Soo
Published: January 2025

Exploiting novel crosslinking chemistry, this study pioneers the use of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to chemically crosslink porcine-derived gelatin, producing enhanced gelatin hydrogel films through a solvent-casting method. Our innovative approach harnesses the reactive isocyanate groups of WPU, coupling them effectively with gelatin’s hydroxyl and primary amino groups to form robust urea and urethane linkages within the hydrogel matrix. This method not only preserves the intrinsic elasticity of polyurethane but also significantly augments the films’ tensile strength and strain. Comprehensive characterizations of these hydrogel films and pre-formed hydrogel reaction mixtures were conducted using viscosity measurements, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and the universal testing machine (UTM) for tensile-recovery assessments, alongside evaluations of their biocompatibility. The results demonstrated a reduction in pore size with an increase in WPU concentration from 2 to 6% in the developed hydrogels with a decrease in the equilibrium swelling ratio from 15% to 9%, respectively. Further, hydrogels with 6% WPU exhibited the highest tensile stress in both a dry and wet state. The gelatin hydrogel formed with 6% WPU blend also demonstrated the growth and proliferation of CCD-986K (fibroblast) and CCD-1102 (keratinocyte) cells for up to 5 days of co-culturing. The results indicate a notable enhancement in the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of gelatin hydrogels upon the introduction of WPU, positioning these films as superior candidates for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and wound dressing.
The RAD6-like Ubiquitin Conjugase Gene OsUBC7 Has a Positive Role in the Early Cold Stress Tolerance Response of Rice
Authors: Phan Huy , Schläppi Michael
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cold stress poses a significant threat to Asian rice cultivation, disrupting important physiological processes crucial for seedling establishment and overall plant growth. It is, thus, crucial to elucidate genetic pathways involved in cold stress tolerance response mechanisms. Methods: We mapped OsUBC7, a Radiation-sensitive 6 (RAD6)-type homolog of rice, to a low-temperature seedling survivability (LTSS) QTL and used genomics, molecular genetics, and physiological assays to assess its role in plant resilience against low-temperature stress. Results: OsUBC7 is cold responsive and has higher expression levels in cold-tolerant japonica than cold-sensitive indica. Overexpression of OsUBC7 enhances LTSS of indica and freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis, increases levels of soluble sugars and chlorophyll A, boosts leaf development after cold exposure, and increases leaf cell numbers and plants size, but it does not affect membrane stability after cold stress exposure. Additionally, OsUBC7 has a positive role for germinability in the presence of salt and for flowering and yield-related traits. The OsUBC7 protein physically interacts with the developmental stage-specific and histone-modifying E3 ligases OsRFPH2-12 and OsHUB1/2, respectively, and potential target genes such as cell cycle dependent kinases were identified. Conclusions: OsUBC7 might contribute to cold resilience by regulating sugar metabolism to provide energy for promoting cellular homeostasis restoration after cold stress exposure via new cell growth, particularly in leaf cells crucial for photosynthesis and metabolic activity, possibly by interacting with cell cycle regulating proteins. Overall, the present study suggests that OsUBC7 may be involved in plant development, reproduction, and stress adaptation, and contributes to a deeper understanding of rice plant cold stress tolerance response mechanisms. OsUBC7 may be a promising candidate for improving crop productivity and resilience to stressful environments.
Concordant Patterns of Population Genetic Structure in Food-Deceptive Dactylorhiza Orchids
Authors: Wróblewska Ada , Ostrowiecka Beata , Jermakowicz Edyta , Tałałaj Izabela
Published: January 2025

Background: The patterns of inbreeding coefficients (FIS) and fine spatial genetic structure (FSGS) were evaluated regarding the mating system and inbreeding depression of food-deceptive orchids, Dactylorhiza majalis, Dactylorhiza incarnata var. incarnata, and Dactylorhiza fuchsii, from NE Poland. Methods: We used 455 individuals, representing nine populations of three taxa and AFLPs, to estimate percent polymorphic loci and Nei’s gene diversity, which are calculated using the Bayesian method; FIS; FST; FSGS with the pairwise kinship coefficient (Fij); and AMOVA in populations. Results: We detected a relatively high proportion of polymorphic fragments (40.4–68.4%) and Nei’s gene diversity indices (0.140–0.234). The overall FIS was relatively low to moderate (0.071–0.312). The average Fij for the populations of three Dactylorhiza showed significantly positive values, which were observed between plants at distances of 1–10 m (20 m). FST was significant in each Dactylorhiza taxon, ranging from the lowest values in D. fuchsii and D. majalis (0.080–0.086, p < 0.05) to a higher value (0.163, p < 0.05) in D. incarnata var. incarnata. Molecular variance was the highest within populations (76.5–86.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: We observed concordant genetic diversity patterns in three food-deceptive, allogamous, pollinator-dependent, and self-compatible Dactylorhiza. FIS is often substantially higher than Fij with respect to the first class of FSGSs, suggesting that selfing (meaning of geitonogamy) is at least responsible for homozygosity. A strong FSGS may have evolutionary consequences in Dactylorhiza, and combined with low inbreeding depression, it may impact the establishment of inbred lines of D. majalis and D. incarnata var. incarnata.
Effectiveness of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Nociplastic Pain Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Martín Pérez Sebastián Eustaquio , Abdel Lah Hakim Al Lal , García Nelson Hernández , Reyes Carreño Umabel Aaron , Martín Pérez Isidro Miguel
Published: January 2025

Nociplastic pain, commonly observed in conditions such as Fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome, arises from altered central pain processing and involves complex mechanisms, including interactions between the gut–brain axis and immune dysregulation. Conventional therapies often fail to address this type of pain effectively, leading to interest in alternative approaches such as fecal microbiota transplantation. This technique has been proposed to restore gut microbial balance and modulate systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, and neurotransmitter signaling. This systematic review, conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024611939), evaluated 13 studies with n = 409 participants, including clinical trials, case reports, and retrospective analyses. A quality assessment was performed using appraisal tools such as Cochrane RoB 2, ROBINS-I, NOS, and CARE. The results suggest that fecal microbiota transplantation may reduce pain intensity and improve fatigue and quality of life, particularly in patients with Fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome. However, outcomes for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and psoriatic arthritis were inconsistent and limited by methodological flaws, small sample sizes, and variability in protocols and donor selection. Although adverse events were minimal, the current evidence is insufficient to support widespread clinical use. High-quality, standardized studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation. Until then, its application should remain experimental and interpreted with caution.
Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Markers in Subjects with Obesity: A Randomized Active Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Torres-Vanegas Joel , Rodríguez-Echevarría Roberto , Campos-Pérez Wendy , Rodríguez-Reyes Sarai Citlalic , Reyes-Pérez Samantha Desireé , Pérez-Robles Mariana , Martínez-López Erika
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as omega-3 (n-3), are essential in anti-inflammatory processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a dietary intervention along with supplementation of 1.8 g of marine n-3 PUFAs on anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory markers in adults. Methods: An 8-week double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with a diet (200 kcal/day reduction each 4 weeks based on the estimated basal caloric expenditure) containing a n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio ≤ 5:1, along with daily 1.8 g of marine n-3 supplementation (EPA and DHA) vs. active placebo 1.6 g (ALA). A total of 40 subjects were included in the study, 21 in the marine omega-3 group and 19 in the active placebo group. Inclusion criteria included subjects aged 25 to 50 years with obesity as determined by body mass index (BMI) and/or abdominal obesity according to ATP III criteria. Results: The marine omega-3 supplemented group had a better effect compared to the active placebo group, increasing Resolvin D1 [129.3 (−90.1–193.5) vs. −16.8 (−237.8–92.5) pg/mL, p = 0.041], IL-10 [1.4 (−0.7–4.6) vs. −2.0 (−5–0.05) pg/mL, p = 0.001], and decreasing IL-6 [−0.67 (2.72–−0.59) vs. 0.03 (−0.59–1.84) pg/mL, p = 0.015], and MCP-1 [−29.6 (−94.9–5.50) vs. 18.3 (−97.3–66.35) pg/mL, p = 0.040]. Conclusions: A diet supplemented with marine n-3 improves inflammatory markers by increasing systemic levels of Resolvin D1 and IL-10 and decreasing IL-6 and MCP-1.
The Impact of Preoperative Risk Factors on Delayed Discharge in Day Surgery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hanqing , Gao Xinglian , Chen Zhen
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to evaluate and identify the main preoperative risk factors affecting the timely discharge of day surgery patients, offering evidence to enhance preoperative assessments and minimize delayed discharge. Background: With the widespread adoption of day surgery in global healthcare systems, ensuring timely discharge of patients post-surgery has become a critical challenge. Numerous studies have explored various preoperative risk factors influencing delayed discharge. This meta-analysis integrates existing evidence to clarify the primary preoperative risk factors. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases, including all clinical studies on preoperative risk factors for day surgery published until 15 October 2024. A systematic review and random effects model were employed to aggregate data and estimate the main preoperative risk factors for day surgery. Results: A total of nine studies involving 41,458 patients were included. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the following preoperative risk factors: age (MD = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.73–1.93, p < 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (MD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.18–1.20, p = 0.008), the presence of chronic comorbidities (OR = 3.62, 95% CI: 2.93–4.46, p < 0.00001), the type of anesthesia (OR = 15.89, 95% CI: 7.07–35.69, p < 0.00001), a history of cardiac disease (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.71–3.53, p < 0.00001), gender (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.03–4.99, p < 0.00001), the expected duration of surgery (MD = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.15–0.20, p < 0.00001), complex procedures (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.47–2.16, p < 0.00001), a lack of social family support (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.60–3.67, p < 0.0001), and inadequate preoperative assessment (OR = 3.64, 95% CI: 2.06–6.41, p < 0.00001). There were no statistically significant differences between the delayed discharge group and the non-delayed discharge group in terms of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (p = 1.00) and preoperative anxiety (p = 0.08). Conclusion: This study identifies the primary preoperative risk factors for delayed discharge in day surgery, including age, high BMI, the presence of chronic comorbidities, the type of anesthesia, a history of cardiac disease, gender, the duration of surgery, the complexity of the procedure, a lack of social family support, and inadequate preoperative assessment. These findings provide a reference for preoperative assessment, highlighting the need for clinical attention to these high-risk groups during preoperative screening and management to reduce the likelihood of delayed discharge and enhance surgical safety and success rates.
Factors Associated with Burnout Syndrome in Serbian Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Safiye Teodora , Mahmutović Elvis , Biševac Emir , Zimonjić Velida , Dubljanin Draško , Kovačević Andreja , Nenezić Nemanja , Radlović Aleksandar , Salihagić Zerina , Ajdinović Aldina , Minić Slaviša , Šaćirović Elma , Uzelac Jovana , Dolićanin Zana , Dubljanin Jakša
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed immense stress on healthcare systems worldwide, significantly affecting the mental well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs). This study examined the sociodemographic, occupational, and COVID-19-related predictors of burnout syndrome among Serbian HCWs. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 400 doctors and nurses utilized the Maslach Burnout Inventory to assess emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Sociodemographic, work-related, and COVID-19-related data were collected via a questionnaire. Results: Key predictors of emotional exhaustion included female gender, inadequate rest, sleep disturbances, and frontline COVID-19 work. Depersonalization was associated with fewer children, temporary employment, and COVID-19 frontline duties. Conversely, older age, religiosity, larger households, and a higher socioeconomic status positively correlated with personal accomplishment. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions, including improved working conditions and mental health support, to reduce burnout and enhance HCWs’ well-being during medical crises.
Effect of Synbiotic and Postbiotic Supplements on Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Twetman Svante , Belstrøm Daniel
Published: January 2025

Caries and periodontitis affect a significant part of the global population. Regular oral hygiene, sugar restriction, and fluoride exposure are the main avenues for the maintenance of oral health, but the adjunctive use of prebiotics and probiotic bacteria has gained attention over the past decades. The microbial and clinical effects of these biological interventions have been thoroughly covered in systematic reviews. However, the combination of prebiotics and probiotics (synbiotics) may boost the clinical benefits, and postbiotics, being inanimate microorganisms, can, when added to oral hygiene products, offer a sustainable option. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize clinical trials on the adjunctive use of synbiotics and postbiotics in the prevention and management of dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. We searched two databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) for relevant literature, and we identified 17 relevant papers, five on dental caries and 12 with periodontal endpoints. We found emerging evidence of low certainty that lozenges/tablets containing synbiotics or postbiotics could reduce caries incidence in preschool and schoolchildren in comparison with standard preventive care. The effect on adult patients with plaque-induced gingivitis was less consistent. For adults with periodontitis, the adjunctive use of synbiotic and postbiotic products seemed to enhance the outcome of conventional scaling and root planning. In conclusion, both dental caries and periodontitis are non-communicable diseases, closely associated with an unbalanced oral biofilm, and the application of microbial modulators, including synbiotics and postbiotics, display promising beneficial effects and warrant further research.
Genome-wide Characterization of the MBF1 Gene Family and Its Expression Pattern in Different Tissues and Under Stresses in Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Wang Hao , Liu Rongfeng , Su Kunlong , Yang Guofeng
Published: January 2025

Multiprotein bridging factor 1 (MBF1) is a transcription factor family playing crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. In this study, we analyzed MBF1 genes in Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa under abiotic stresses, revealing evolutionary patterns and functional differences. Four MBF1 genes were identified in M. truncatula and two in M. sativa, with conserved MBF1 and HTH domains, similar exon/intron structures, and stress-related cis-elements in their promoters. Subcellular localization showed that MtMBF1a.1 is predominantly localized in the nucleus, while MtMBF1a.2, MtMBF1b, MtMBF1c, and MsMBF1a localize to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. In contrast, MsMBF1c is exclusively localized in the cytoplasm. An expression analysis revealed distinct stress responses: salt stress-induced MtMBF1b and MtMBF1c expression but repressed MsMBF1a and MsMBF1c. In contrast, PEG stress did not affect M. truncatula MBF1 genes but repressed both M. sativa MBF1 genes. These findings provide insights into MBF1-mediated stress adaptation and inform strategies for the molecular breeding of stress-tolerant alfalfa.
Copper-Modified Cellulose Paper: A Comparative Study of How Antimicrobial Activity Is Affected by Particle Size and Testing Standards
Authors: Ramírez Sara , Zúñiga Fabian , Amenábar Alejandra , Contreras Paulina , Benavides Viviana , Norambuena Javiera , Martínez Jessica , Silva Nataly
Published: January 2025

This study aims to provide evidence that when testing cellulose paper modified with copper particles (CuPs), the particle size and the analysis method influence the antimicrobial activity observed by this material. Commercial CuPs of nanometric size (2.7 nm, CuNPs) and micrometric size (2.5 µm, CuMPs) were used to modify cellulose paper sheets. CuPs were incorporated during the pulp disintegration phase (stage 1) of the sheet formation process, according to the ISO 5269-1:2005 standard. Modified paper sheets retained 16% and 14% of CuNPs and CuMPs, respectively. Additionally, CuPs were distributed randomly on the fiber surfaces, often forming aggregates. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the modified paper sheets was evaluated using ISO 20645:2004 and ISO 20743:2013. The results showed that the antimicrobial activity assessed using each standard method is conditioned by the mechanism of action of the CuPs and, therefore, by their size. It was concluded that ISO 20645:2004 is suitable for evaluating the antibacterial effect of paper/CuNPs, as nanoparticles diffuse from the paper and are released into the culture medium. In contrast, ISO 20743:2013 can be used for both CuNP- and CuMP-based paper, as it evaluates the antibacterial effect based on the direct interaction between the copper particle and the bacteria.
AdipoRon’s Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Barbalho Sandra Maria , Laurindo Lucas Fornari , de Oliveira Zanuso Bárbara , da Silva Rebeca Maria Siqueira , Gallerani Caglioni Lívia , Nunes Junqueira de Moraes Victor Bruno Fonseca , Fornari Laurindo Lívia , Dogani Rodrigues Victória , da Silva Camarinha Oliveira Jéssica , Beluce Maria Eduarda , Penteado Detregiachi Cláudia Rucco , Barbalho Lamas Caroline , dos Santos Haber Jesselina Francisco , Cavallari Strozze Catharin Virgínia Maria , Quesada Karina , Tanaka Masaru , Valenti Vitor Engrácia
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a leading cause of cognitive decline and mortality worldwide, characterized by neurodegeneration, synaptic deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Despite advancements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment, AD presents substantial challenges due to its complex pathology, heterogeneity, and the limited efficacy of current therapies. Consequently, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic agents to target the multifaceted aspects of AD pathology, enhance current treatments, and minimize adverse effects. AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, has garnered interest for its potential neuroprotective effects, including reducing neuroinflammation, improving mitochondrial function, and mitigating tau hyperphosphorylation. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of AdipoRon-based adiponectin replacement therapy against AD, using a comprehensive approach grounded in the PICO framework—Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes. A total of six studies were reviewed, including in vitro and in vivo investigations examining AdipoRon’s impact on various AD models. These studies involved different cell lines and transgenic mouse models, assessing various outcomes such as cognitive function, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, synaptic deficiencies, and relevant molecular pathways. By synthesizing data from these studies, our review thoroughly explains AdipoRon’s neuroprotective effects, mechanisms of action, and potential as a therapeutic agent for AD. This analysis aims to highlight the current state of knowledge, identify gaps in the research, and suggest directions for future studies and clinical applications.