bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case control study of nucleated RBC’s in cord blood as a predictor of perinatal asphyxia its severity and outcome
Authors: Khurana Mandeep Singh , Arora Sunita , Malik Supriya , Gulati Jasgobind Singh
Published: September 2017

Background: Perinatal asphyxia word derived from the greek word a-spyxos, meaning born without an evident pulse, is one of the most important causes of fetal distress. Inspite of major advances in technology and knowledge of fetal and perinatal medicine, it is one of the significant causes of mortality and long-term morbidity. World health organization (WHO) has defined perinatal asphyxia as a failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth. HIE is one of the most common complication in an asphyxiated neonate because of its serious longterm neuromotor sequalae among the survivors. A detailed classification of HIE staging in term neonate was proposed by Sarnat and Sarnat.Methods: The present study was prospective case control study conducted in neonatal intensive care unit of Department of Pediatrics at SGRD institute of medical sciences and research over a period of one year from September 2016 to august 2017. Total of 100 newborns among which 50 asphyxiated babies were designated to case group and rest 50 normal term babies to control group. The NRBC count of the case and control groups is compared. The NRBC’s of subjects belonging to different stages of HIE is then compared. The results were analysed statistically chi-square analysis for variance (qualitative analysis), t-test (compare mean NRBC’s in different stages) by SPSS version 20 software for biostatistic and p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Among total 100 babies included in the study, the male and female distribution was 22 (44%) and 28 (56%) in cases and 23 (46%) and 27 (54%) in controls respectively. In our study, the NRBC /100 WBC count for normal newborn was 0.88±1.35 and in case group it was 21.40±20.Conclusions: In present study, the cord blood NRBC count was shown to be a good predictor of perinatal asphyxia with sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 87.72%. NRBC’s can be used for early detection of HIE and its grading in asphyxiated neonates.
Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in brachial plexus block in upper limb surgery
Authors: Engineer Smita R. , Patel Rahul , Bishnoi Abhinav , Umrigar Chetna M.
Published: September 2017

Background: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is widely used for surgery below shoulder joint. Adding adjuvant to local anesthetic drugs enhance the duration of block as well as postoperative analgesia. Dexamethasone very potent glucocorticoid when added to local significantly prolongs the duration of analgesia.

Methods: This randomized, single blind, controlled study include 100 patients of either sex, aged 18–60 years, ASA status I–III, undergoing upper limb surgery were randomly allocated to receive either 0.375% 30 cc bupivacaine with 2 ml normal saline (group C, n=50) or 0.375% bupivacaine with 2 ml (8 mg) dexamethasone (group D, n=50). The observed parameters include onset and duration of motor and sensory block, duration of effective analgesia any side effects and hemodynamic (pulse rate, NIBP, SpO2).  

Results: Mean onset time of sensory and motor block in group C was significantly longer as compared to group D. (p<0.0001) The duration of sensory and motor blockade was significantly prolonged in group D compared to group C. (p<0.0001) The duration of effective analgesia was also significantly prolonged in group D (931.2±69.88 mins) compared to group C (454.8±34.47 mins) (p<0.0001).

Conclusions: Addition of dexamethasone to 0.375% bupivacaine in brachial plexus block speeds the onset and prolongs the duration of sensory and motor blockade. It also prolongs the duration of effective analgesia. 
A rare case of male Turner syndrome for penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Ravishankar Shobha
Published: September 2017

Turner syndrome (TS) is a complex genetic disorder. These abnormalities especially those relating to the airway and cardiovascular system, pose a challenge to the anaesthesiologist. The main anatomo-physiological changes pertaining to the anaesthesiologist include a short neck, maxillary and mandibular hypoplasia which might be responsible for difficult airway. The shorter length of trachea as well as higher location of its bifurcation predispose to bronchial intubation and accidental endotracheal extubation when tracheal cannula is under traction. The presence of cardiopathies, endocrine and gastro intestinal disorders, liver and kidney changes as well as osteoarticular involvement besides ophthalmologic and hearing impairments are very frequent and should be detected during pre-anaesthetic evaluation. The incidence of TS is variously reported as 1:3000 to 1:10000 live (female) births. Very few cases of male turner have been reported in literature.

 
Politics and Aesthetics in the Thought of Rousseau
Authors: De Freitas Jacira
Published: September 2017

POLÍTICA E ESTÉTICA NO PENSAMENTO DE ROUSSEAU

Resumo: as análises e discussões aqui propostas têm como objeto a relação entre política e estética na obra de Rousseau, a partir da contraposição de duas diferentes formas de inserção do homem nas sociedades contemporâneas: aquela fundada no ‘amor próprio’ e uma outra inspirada pela expansão da sensibilidade que a música oferece.

Palavras-chave: Música. Estética. Política. Rousseau.

Abstract: the analyses and discussions in this paper concern the relationship between politics and aesthetics in the work of Rousseau, taken from the opposition of two distinct forms of the emplacement of men in the contemporary societies: one founded in “amour propre” and another founded the expanded sensibility offered by music.

Keywords: Music. Aesthetics. Politics. Rousseau.
Rousseau: a philosophy of the interested will
Authors: Vento Maria Alves
Published: September 2017

ROUSSEAU: UMA FILOSOFIA DO "INTERESSE"

Resumo: nos dias atuais, diante da substituição das prioridades públicas por interesses mesquinhos, a análise rousseauniana e sua distinção entre amor de si e amor próprio deixou um legado original sobre a noção de interesse que se revela bastante atual. Essa distinção resultou nos pares de oposições marcantes da sua obra: interesse verdadeiro/interesse falso, interesse absoluto/interesse relativo, interesse geral/interesse particular, cuja elucidação, permite compreender como seria possível o acordo de interesses numa sociedade ou, para empregar os termos de Rousseau, o “ponto sobre o qual todos os interesses concordam”, sem o qual não poderia haver sociedade legítima.

Palavras-chave: Amor de si. Amor próprio. Imanência. Interesse.

Abstract: nowadays, on the replacement of public priorities by narrow interests, the Rousseau’s analyses of human self-love and his distinction between its two basic varieties: amour-propre and amour de soi, left us an original legacy on the notion of interest which is very current. This distinction resulted in pairs of striking contradictions of his work: true interest/false interest, absolute interest/ relative interest, general interest/ private interest, whose elucidation, allows us to understand how could the agreement of interests in a society or, to use the Rousseau’s terms, the "point on which all interests agree," without which there could be no legitimate society.

Keywords: Amour de soi. Amour proper. Immanence. Interest.
Approach on the Possible Relations Between Progress and Natural Evil in Rousseau
Authors: De Carvalho Zilmara de Jesus Viana
Published: September 2017

ABORDAGEM SOBRE AS POSSÍVEIS RELAÇÕES ENTRE O PROGRESSO E O MAL NATURAL EM ROUSSEAU

Resumo: na Carta sobre a providência (1756), Rousseau responde as críticas de Voltaire dirigidas, no Poema sobre o desastre de Lisboa (1756), ao axioma do otimismo leibniziano: “tudo está bem”. Para tanto, vincula o mal físico ou natural às leis da natureza, enfatizando, contudo, a parcela de responsabilidade dos homens por ações que tanto podem contribuir para causar tais males, quanto para agravá-los, rechaçando a possibilidade da culpa recair sobre a Providência. Defende-se que a carta de Rousseau possa ser pensada não como um escrito de ocasião, mas como uma peça relevante para a compreensão de sua crítica ao progresso.

Palavras-chave: Mal. Progresso. Natureza. Providência. Liberdade.

Abstract: in the Charter on Providence (1756), Rousseau responds to Voltaire's criticisms, addressed in the Poem on the Lisbon disaster (1756), to the Leibnizian optimism axiom: "all is well." In order to do so, it links physical or natural evil to the laws of nature, emphasizing, however, the share of responsibility of men for actions that can contribute to such evils, as well as to aggravate them, rejecting the possibility of guilt resting on Providence. It is argued that Rousseau's letter may be thought not as an occasion, but as a relevant piece for understanding his critique of progress.

Keywords: Evil. Progress. Nature. Providence. Freedom.
Rousseau's Ethics of Truth: a sublime science of simple souls
Authors: Neildleman Jason
Published: September 2017

ROUSSEAU’S ETHICS OF TRUTH - A SUBLIME SCIENCE

OF SIMPLE SOULS

Resumo: este artigo é um resumo do livro com o mesmo título, publicado pelas edições da Routledge, nos Estados Unidos. Tanto no livro quanto neste artigo, o autor pretende discutir a coerência dos textos de Rousseau, na qual é possível prospectar uma "ética da verdade" cujo objetivo seja alcançar um vínculo de comunhão com as pessoas e com as coisas. O autor tenta ainda discutir as implicações da ética da verdade de Rousseau sobre o nosso sentido de si mesmo e o sentido de existência no mundo.

Palavras-chave: Rousseau. Ética. Verdade. Filosofia.

Abstract: This paper is a summary of the book published by Routledge in the United States. The author aims to discuss the coherence of Rousseau’s texts thought which it is possible to prospect an “ethics of truth”, so to achieve a communion bond with people and things. The author tries also to discuss the implications of Rousseau’s ethics of truth on our sense of self and the implications in the real existence in the world.

Keywords: Rousseau. Ethics. Truth. Philosophy.
Comparative Analysis of Various MPPT-Techniques for Optimization of Solar-PVEC System
Authors: Chaurasia G. S. , Agrawal Sanjay , Sharma N. K.
Published: September 2017

The paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of various MPPT Technique under various environmental condition. The photovoltaic array having non-linear power voltage characteristic and under non-uniform irradiances. It shows a many peaks which have many local peaks and one global peak. For getting a global peak among all local peaks, MPPT play an important role in PV system. Therefore a technique like maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is required to optimize the performance. Here the comparison of hill climbing perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm technique, incremental and conductance (I&C) control algorithm, the drift free P&O algorithm technique are discussed in detail with simulation and simultaneously some other intelligent control techniques comparison are given briefly which help the researcher to ease in selecting the appropriate algorithm for specific application.
360 Degree Performance Assessments: An Overview
Authors: Chopra Rajiv
Published: September 2017

Appraisal 360 degree entails a feedback from all those who observe a candidate and are in some way or the other affected by his or her performance. 360 degree appraisal has long list of people who give their feedback regarding the achievements and failure of an employee. This list includes the employee’s subordinates, peers and supervisors, not to forget self-assessment. There may be circumstances where feedback is collected from the outer or external sources, likes suppliers, customers and related stakeholders as well 360 appraisal has its advantages as well as its disadvantages. This program can prove to be advantageous only if it is applies in an organization where the working climate is positive; where the objective of assessing an employee is performed with right expectations to achieve its target. The genuine aim of the organization should be to improve the standard of its workforce.
Psychological Measurement: Critical Analysis of Psychological Testing in Personnel Selection
Authors: Sehrawat Ankita , Sehrawat Kanchan
Published: September 2017

This paper examines the importance of psychological testing in personnel selection. Selection is a process of hiring the job applicant who will be most successful in meeting job demands. Poor hiring can be costly to an organisation, thus, they rely on different techniques of selection, testing is the most commonly used. An attempt is made to understand the history of testing, use of testing in selection procedure, and various kinds of test used with main emphasis on the cognitive ability and personality testing. It also attempts to critically analyse some of the issues associated with testing, with emphasis on the validity and utility of tests. The issue of cultural fairness, biases and discrimination has also been explored.
UPR-implement Human Rights Obligations and Commitments
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2017

UPR Info’s vision is a world where governments, civil society organisations, human rights defenders and all segments of society work together to promote and protect human rights.
Application of Gaming in New Media Marketing
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2017

In the recent past, a trend was observed in which some professionals from the entertainment industry took up the new advertising tool called Advergames and focused on it the most an reaped benefits. (Barnes, 2012) reported that the success of the movie “The Hunger Games” lied in its advertising strategy which had launched an online game by the same name nearly a year before the launch of the movie and that time was what kicked in the necessary curiosity as well as craze for the movie. The advent of internet largely changed the landscape of marketing. It is the precursor of a wide variety of marketing communication techniques and creative selling in the virtual platform. One such technique which is the corner stone of this study is the technique of Advergaming.
International Workshop on Fuzzy Logic Research Applications
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: September 2017

Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women (IGDTUW) has been upgraded from Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology in May 2013 vide Delhi State Legislature Act 9, 2012, as a non-affiliating teaching and research University at Delhi to facilitate and promote studies, research, technology, innovation, incubation and extension work in emerging areas of professional education among women, with focus on engineering, technology, applied sciences, management and its allied areas with the objective to achieve excellence in these and related fields. Professor Nupur Prakash, an eminent academician has is the founder Vice Chancellor of the University and taking the University to new heights under her able leadership & guidance.
Развитие трансфера технологий предприятий как фактор повышения экономической эффективности промышленного производства
Authors: Быстров Андрей Владимирович , Клюкин Илья Николаевич
Published: September 2017

Мировая экономика сегодня определяется уровнем внедрения самых прогрессивных технологий в базовых отраслях хозяйствования. Это обусловлено уменьшением роли сырьевых и низкотехнологичных секторов экономики и ориентацией на развитие инновационных производств. Поэтому моральная устарелость оборудования части отечественных предприятий, недостаточная доля высоких технологий приводят к снижению международной конкурентоспособности российской экономики в отдельных отраслях промышленного производства. В таких условиях особенно актуальной становится активизация трансфера технологий в российскую промышленность.
В статье проведен анализ научных публикаций отечественных и зарубежных ученых по классификации основных факторов развития трансфера технологий. Сформирован авторский поход к спектру факторов воздействия на трансфер технологий промышленного предприятия в регионах РФ.
Konsep Small Claim Procedure Untuk Menyelesaikan Perkara Perdata Permohonan (Volunter) Di Pengadilan Agama
Authors: Yaqin Muharrom Ainul
Published: September 2017

This article aims to formulate the concept of small claims procedure that can be used to check the examination of civil cases in the court petition religion, as well as describe the types of cases that can be checked by using a system of small claims procedure. The concept of small claims procedure can be applied in religious courts, to examine and decide cases petition (volunteer) with consideration of the substance of the case filed is simple. Nevertheless, the judges who hear cases iniharus memeliki experience and proficiency in handling the case of the petition. For the system to be enforced in court, this concept needs to be formulated in the form of Supreme Court Regulation. An application includes a simple matter if it has the value of materials or rights that are simple, the application is simple, and it is possible to be examined in one trial. Based on these criteria, there are eight types of cases that can be checked using a system of small claims procedure are: the permit application mating, pleas guardian adhol, request dispensation mating, pleas prevention marriage, request the establishment of origin of the child, the request istbat marriage, requesting to change the identity of marriage, and request the appointment of a guardian.
Artikel ini bertujuan merumuskan konsep small claim procedure yang dapat digunakan untuk memeriksa pemeriksaan perkara perdata permohonan di pengadilan agama, serta mendeskripsikan jenis perkara yang dapat diperiksa dengan menggunakan sistem small claim procedure. Konsep small claim procedure dapat diterapkan di pengadilan agama, untuk memeriksa dan memutus perkara permohonan (volunter) dengan pertimbangan substansi perkara yang diajukan bersifat sederhana. Meskipun demikian, hakim yang memeriksa perkara iniharus memiliki pengalaman dan kecakapan dalam menangani perkara permohonan. Agar sistem ini dapat diberlakukan di pengadilan, konsep ini perlu dirumuskan dalam bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Agung. Suatu permohonan termasuk perkara yang sederhana jika memiliki nilai materi atau hak yang sederhana, permohonannya sederhana, dan sangat memungkinkan untuk diperiksa dalam satu kali sidang. Berdasarkan kriteria tersebut, ada delapan jenis perkara yang dapat diperiksa menggunakan sistem small claim procedure yaitu: permohonan izin kawin, permohonan wali adhol, permohonan dispensasi kawin, permohonan pencegahan perkawinan, permohonan penetapan asal-usul anak, permohonan istbat nikah, permohonan perubahan identitas nikah, dan permohonan pengangkatan wali.
Ibn Khaldûn’s Perspective About Equilibrium of Price in Muqaddimah Book
Authors: Khoirunnisa’ Siti
Published: September 2017

The purpose of the research was to understand about Ibn Khaldûn’s perspective about equilibrium of price in his era and about the factors which influence equilibrium of price and to know about the similarities and the differences between Ibn Khaldûn’s equilibrium of price and contemporary equilibrium of price. This research was Qualitative research. The approach used in this research was conceptual approach. It was studying about social phenomenon which has been happen in Ibn Khaldûn’s era within use the concept of him in muqaddimah book. From this research could be seen that the equilibrium of price depends on Ibn Khaldûn’s perspective will be happen when the quantity of demand as same as the quantity of supply of goods. It is related to the available of goods, and the situation of development of city. It also become the concept in the economic modern when the supply and demand of product should influence to the equilibrium of price. And there were some factors influenced the equilibrium of price in his era. The capability of workers and the needed of employer, the condition of city and the population there, the additional cost of goods because of taxation, etc.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami tentang perspektif Ibn Khaldun tentang keseimbangan harga di jamannya dan tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keseimbangan harga dan mengetahui tentang persamaan dan perbedaan antara ekuilibrium Ibn Khaldun harga dan keseimbangan kontemporer harga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan konseptual. Sedang mempelajari tentang fenomena sosial yang telah terjadi di era Ibn Khaldun dalam penggunaan konsep dirinya dalam buku Muqaddimah. Dari penelitian ini dapat dilihat bahwa keseimbangan harga tergantung pada perspektif Ibn Khaldun akan terjadi ketika jumlah permintaan sebagai sama dengan kuantitas pasokan barang. Hal ini terkait dengan tersedia barang, dan situasi dari perkembangan kota. Hal ini juga menjadi konsep dalam ekonomi modern ketika pasokan dan permintaan produk harus berpengaruh terhadap keseimbangan harga. Dan ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi keseimbangan harga di jamannya. Kemampuan pekerja dan diperlukan dari majikan, kondisi kota dan penduduk di sana, biaya tambahan barang karena perpajakan, dll
The Implementation of Murabahah bil Wakalah Financing in BRI Syariah Unit Genteng Banyuwangi
Authors: Jannah Naila Wardatul
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study is to knowing more about implementation of murabahah bil wakalah in in BRI Syariah Unit Genteng Banyuwangi, need to do research subsequently. This empirical research use statue approach and judicially sociological approach. In this research a method of the data which is used is qualitative data analyses. The results of this research show that the implementation of murabahah bil wakalah financing in Bank BRI Syariah Unit Genteng Banyuwangi not accordance with Regulation of Bank Indonesia article 9 point d, No. 7/46/PBI/2005 about “Akad Penghimpunan dan Penyelesaian Dana Bagi Bank yang Melaksanakan Kegiatan Usaha Berdasarkan Prinsip Syariah” mentioned that "Bank represents to the customers (wakalah) to purchase the goods, and Murabahah Agreement must be done after the goods in principle be belonging to the bank” In next part explanation of this regulation mentioned that wakalah contract must be made separately from murabahah contract.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang pelaksanaan murabahah bil wakalah di dalam Unit BRI Syariah Genteng Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini merupakan studi empiris menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan yuridis-sosiologis. Dalam penelitian ini data penelitian akan dianalisis dengan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembiayaan murabahah bil wakalah di Bank BRI Syariah Unit Genteng Banyuwangi tidak sesuai dengan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Pasal 9 huruf d, No. 7/46 / PBI / 2005 tentang "Akad penghimpunan Dan Penyelesaian Dana Bagi Bank yang Melaksanakan Kegiatan Usaha Berdasarkan prinsip Syariah "menyebutkan bahwa" Bank merupakan kepada pelanggan (wakalah) untuk membeli barang, dan Perjanjian Murabahah harus dilakukan setelah barang secara prinsip milik bank "dalam bagian penjelasan selanjutnya dari peraturan ini disebutkan bahwa kontrak wakalah harus dibuat secara terpisah dari kontrak murabahah.
Del referéndum a la secesión – El proceso quebequense de acceso a la soberanía y las lecciones aprendidas con respecto a la autodeterminación = From referendum to secession – The Québécois process of accession to sovereignty and its teachings with respect to self-determination
Authors: Guénette Dave , Gagnon Alain-G.
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Como resultado de los dos referenda sobre la soberanía en 1980 y 1995, Quebec se ha convertido en un caso clave entre el resto de democracias occidentales. Se trata de un estado moderno desarrollado que intenta obtener su independencia, no en tiempo de guerra ni debido a una opresión política grave, ni con el fin de poner fin a una ocupación colonial de sus territorios o de liberarse de un sistema político antidemocrático, sino por razones que son, en primera instancia, culturales, identitarias, lingüísticas y económicas. En este sentido, y a pesar de la falta de éxito en los dos intentos de referéndum, la nación quebequense aún debe ser reconocida por su rol pionero en cuanto a reconocer el derecho a la secesión de las naciones minoritarias. Al adoptar este enfoque, este artículo se centra en el proceso quebequense de acceso a la soberanía y en las lecciones que puede mostrar, en este sentido, a una España multinacional.Palabras clave: Autodeterminación externa, naciones minoritarias, secesión, referéndum, Quebec, proceso soberanista catalán. Abstract: As a result of the two referenda on sovereignty held in 1980 and 1995, Quebec has somehow become something of a figurehead for western democracies. It represents a modern developed state seeking national independence, not in time of war or because of serious political oppression, or to end colonial dependence in its territory or rid itself of an antidemocratic political system, but rather and above all by taking this path for cultural, identity, linguistic and economic reasons. In this regard, and notwithstanding the fact that both referenda failed to bring independence, it is still fair to grant the Québéquois nation a pioneering role in terms of recognising the right of minority nations to secede. In adopting this approach, this article looks at the Québéquois process of accessing sovereignty and the lessons that it can offer, in this regard, to a multinational Spain. Keywords: External self-determination, minority nations, secession, referendum, Quebec, Catalan sovereignty process.
La obligación jurídica internacional de luchar contra la corrupción y su cumplimiento por el Estado español = The international legal obligation to fight against corruption and its compliance within the Spanish State
Authors: Capdeferro Villagrasa Oscar
Published: September 2017

Resumen: A la luz del ordenamiento jurídico internacional, puede entenderse que se ha generado para los Estados la obligación de luchar contra la corrupción, ya que se han aprobado una serie de tratados que, a pesar de la distinta naturaleza de sus cláusulas, contienen claras obligaciones al respecto.  En el presente estudio se analizan los principales instrumentos internacionales ratificados por el Estado español que, a consecuencia de su integración en el Derecho interno ex art. 96.1 CE, han generado la obligación de establecer medidas tanto para prevenir como para castigar la corrupción.  El análisis formal de los instrumentos internacionales así como de sus mecanismos de evaluación de la aplicación permite identificar los perfiles de las obligaciones asumidas y el grado de cumplimiento observado, de lo que pueden extraerse orientaciones para futuras reformas del ordenamiento interno.Palabras clave: Corrupción pública, buena administración, Derecho internacional, prevención, sanción.Abstract: In the light of the International law, to fight against corruption can be understood as compulsory for the States, since some treaties containing specific obligations in this regard have been adopted.  In this article, the main international treaties ratified by Spain imposing –through their incorporation in the domestic law ex art. 96.1 SC– the adoption of preventive and sanctioning measures are analysed.  The formal analysis of the international instruments and their implementation mechanisms allows us to identify the characteristics of the assumed obligations and the observed implementation degree in Spain, what could be used to guide future legal reforms.Keywords: Public Corruption, Good Administration, International Law, Prevention, Sanction.
Interpretación constitucional = Constitutional Interpretation
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Abraham
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Mediante este trabajo se efectúa una presentación general de la interpretación constitucional, con fundamento en los principales temas de discusión a que ha dado lugar su reciente aparición en el panorama jurídico. Que la Constitución sea objeto de interpretación depende de la incorporación de sus cláusulas en un documento escrito dotado de carácter normativo. A partir de estas condiciones se hace hincapié en el contenido material de las constituciones actuales, así como en la indeterminación de sus preceptos y en el papel de los métodos tradicionales para la interpretación constitucional, entendida, por amplios sectores, como especial y necesitada de métodos propios. Asimismo, se aborda lo referente a los intérpretes de la Constitución, centrando la atención en el legislador y en el Tribunal o Corte Constitucional que, en cuanto máximo intérprete, entra en contacto con los jueces ordinarios y con el propio legislador, relación esta última que se muestra particularmente problemática, al grado de evidenciar una tensión entre Constitución y democracia. Además se advierte acerca de situaciones riesgosas en las que se puede incurrir so pretexto de la interpretación de la Constitución, con afectación de su carácter escrito y de su condición normativa, que son, precisamente, las condiciones que hacen posible la interpretación constitucional.Palabras clave: Interpretación, Constitución, métodos de interpretación, tribunales constitucionales.Abstract: This article presents a general view of constitutional interpretation based on the main topics that are being discussed currently. First, to be an object of interpretation, the Constitution needs a written document endowed with normative character. Hereafter we conduct a review of the material content of the current Constitutions, the indetermination of its articles and the role of conventional methods of constitutional interpretation. In addition, it deals with the agents of constitutional interpretation, paying attention to the legislature and the Constitutional Courts. The latter, due to its position of supreme interpreters of the Constitution, has direct and constant contact with the ordinary judiciary and the legislature. This Constitutional Court-legislature relation is particularly problematic because it contains a tension between two concepts: Constitution and Democracy. Finally, the paper remarks the risks associated with constitutional interpretation which affects its written and normative character, the two main requirements that make constitutional interpretation possible.Keywords: Interpretation, Constitution, methods of interpretation, Constitutional Courts.
Conciliación (laboral y familiar) = Reconciliation (of work and family life)
Authors: Palomo Cermeño Eva
Published: September 2017

Resumen: La conciliación de la vida personal, familiar y laboral supone un reto para cualquier sociedad que pretenda hacer efectiva la igualdad de género. El actual desarrollo de políticas públicas en este sentido se enfrenta a diversos obstáculos económicos, políticos e ideológicos relacionados con el modo en que se ha conformado y conceptualizado históricamente la división sexual del trabajo en torno a dos espacios separados y jerarquizados: el público y el privado. Se revisa el marco normativo español y europeo en el que se insertan las diversas medidas de conciliación. Por último, se hace referencia a los debates más actuales en torno a los principales logros y limitaciones de las medidas de conciliación, y a la necesidad de desarrollar una verdadera corresponsabilidad entre mujeres y hombres respecto a las responsabilidades domésticas y de cuidados.Palabras clave: Conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar, corresponsabilidad, cuidados, división sexual del trabajo, igualdad de género, políticas públicas.Abstract: The reconciliation of work and family life is a challenge for any society willing to implement gender equality. The present development of public policies in this sense faces different economic, political and ideological obstacles related to how the sexual division of labor has been shaped and conceptualized historically around two separate and hierarchical public and private spheres. The Spanish and European legal framework in which reconciliation policies are inserted is revised. Finally, present debates on reconciliation measures’ main achievements and constraints as well as the need to develop real co-responsibility between women and men regarding domestic and care work are raised.Keywords: Work/family reconciliation, co-responsibility, care, sexual division of labor, gender equality, public policies.
Privatización (de la administración) = Privatization (of the administration)
Authors: Gonçalves França Lucylea
Published: September 2017

Resumen: Este artículo examina los recientes cambios en la actividad administrativa de los países cuyos mercados de servicios públicos han sido liberalizados en el nuevo marco de influencia neoliberal. Con la aparición de funciones públicas asociadas a la creciente extensión de las actividades económicas, los nuevos reglamentos se evaden de las exigencias tradicionales del régimen jurídico administrativo. La evolución del Estado social ha impulsado, también, una actividad administrativa global dirigida hacia los mercados liberalizados, que es responsable de difundirlos en nuevos entornos tras los procesos de privatización de servicios de interés general. En ese sentido, esa uniformización de normativas del Estado administrativo inicia la aplicación de métodos desarrollados para permitir el ejercicio eficaz de las prestaciones sociales y el derecho al acceso a la información al usuario. ¿Es posible y eficaz esa unificación para la mejora de los servicios de interés general? Esas prestaciones obtienen el reconocimiento de la responsabilidad estatal compleja en la medida en que exige averiguar el nivel de compromiso con el ciudadano, usuario de las prestaciones sociales. Ese análisis muestra la importancia de indagar cómo actúa el Estado de Brasil a la hora de evaluar los diferentes instrumentos jurídicos y materiales de las nueva administración pública global.Palabras clave: Derechos sociales, Regulación de servicios privatizados, Control PúblicoAbstract: This article analyses the recent changes in the administrative activity of countries whose public service markets have been liberalized under the new neoliberal framework. With the emergence of public functions associated with the increasing extension of economic activities, the new regulations evade the traditional requirements of the administrative legal regime. The evolution of the social state has also promoted a global administrative activity directed towards the liberalized markets, which is responsible for diffusing them into new environments after the processes of privatization of services of general interest. In this sense, this standardization of administrative state regulations starts the application of methods developed to allow the effective exercise of social benefits and the users´ right to access to information. Is it that unification possible and effective so as to improve the services of general economic interest? These benefits obtain the recognition of the complex state responsibility as far as it demands to ascertain the level of commitment to the citizens, who are users of the social benefits. This analysis shows the importance of investigating how the Republic of Brazil acts to assess the different legal and material instruments of the new global public administrations.Keywords: Social rights, Regulation of privatized service, Public Control.
Crimen de agresión = Crime of aggression
Authors: Fernández Arribas Gloria
Published: September 2017

Resumen: El crimen de agresión fue incluido como uno de los crímenes de competencia de la Corte Penal Internacional en el Estatuto de Roma, si bien en la actualidad la Corte no ejerce aún la competencia sobre el mismo. La definición del crimen de agresión, así como el régimen de entrada en vigor y ejercicio de la competencia, fue desarrollado en la Resolución 6 adoptada en la Conferencia de Kampala en 2010, mediante la cual se enmienda el Estatuto de la Corte. En este trabajo se analiza, junto con la definición del crimen, el complicado y en ocasiones enrevesado régimen de entrada en vigor y ejercicio de la competencia, que difiere según los asuntos sean remitidos por un Estado miembro o proprio motu, o por el Consejo de Seguridad.Palabras clave: Crimen de agresión, Corte Penal Internacional, entrada en vigor, jurisdicción, inmunidades.Abstract: The crime of aggression was included in the Rome Statute as one of the crimes under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court, although the Court has not yet exercised its jurisdiction over this crime. The definition of the crime of aggression, as well as the regimes to entry into force and the exercise of jurisdiction were established in Resolution 6 adopted at the Kampala Conference in 2010, which amended the Rome Statute. This paper analyzes, together with the definition of crime, the complicated and sometimes intricate regime of entry into force and exercise of jurisdiction, which differs regarding whether the cases are referred by a Member State or proprio motu, or by the Security Council.Keywords: Crime of aggression, International Criminal Court, entry into force, jurisdiction, immunities.
A mediação e a autocomposição de conflitos: legados familiares possíveis
Authors: Boechat Ieda Tinoco , Souza Carlos Henrique Medeiros de , Zaganelli Margareth Vetis
Published: September 2017

Este artigo, valendo-se da interdisciplinaridade, analisa fenômenos relacionais familiares promotores de controvérsias – estudados pela Abordagem Sistêmica de Família em Psicologia – com vistas ao desenvolvimento de uma cultura de mediação e autocomposição de conflitos no grupo social família. A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa de natureza exploratória, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. O estudo visa assinalar a importância social dada às lides familiares nos ordenamentos contemporâneos e no Novo Código de Processo Civil, enfatizada pela criação de procedimentos especiais nas ações de família; aplicar, no âmbito familiar, os conceitos de mediação e autocomposição de conflitos previstos na Lei nº 13.140/2015, marco legal da mediação; explanar o conceito sistêmico de família; descrever fenômenos relacionais familiares que geram e alimentam conflitos e dificultam a efetivação da cultura da mediação nesse ambiente; bem como propor modos de se evitar tais conflitos. Assim, espera-se construir uma cultura de mediação nesse âmbito, tornando-a um legado familiar.
Liberdade de consciência e liberdade religiosa em um Estado Constitucional - O que visa proteger
Authors: Chiassoni Pierluigi
Published: September 2017

Os Estados Constitucionais têm compromisso com a proteção às liberdades de pensamento e religiosa. Esse compromisso, no entanto, é desafiador por dois motivos: primeiro, porque requer delicada resolução de problemas conceituais, de proteção, que têm ligação com as noções individuais de liberdade de consciência e de religião, o conteúdo exato dessas duas liberdades e seus inter-relacionamentos; depois, porque requer o desenvolvimento de estratégias de proteção para problemas que dizem respeito à identificação da melhor forma de executar essa tarefa. Este trabalho está dividido em duas partes. Nesta primeira, argumenta-se sobre como lidar com problemas conceituais com base em um conceito liberal e individualista de liberdade de consciência. Na segunda, faz-se um esboço de uma doutrina para proteção da liberdade de consciência em uma sociedade religiosa, que defende a concessão de um direito geral à objeção de consciência tanto de forma negativa quanto positiva.
Incorporating Satellite Precipitation Estimates into a Radar-Gage Multi-Sensor Precipitation Estimation Algorithm
Authors: He Yuxiang , Zhang Yu , Kuligowski Robert , Cifelli Robert , Kitzmiller David
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a new and enhanced fusion module for the Multi-Sensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) that would objectively blend real-time satellite quantitative precipitation estimates (SQPE) with radar and gauge estimates. This module consists of a preprocessor that mitigates systematic bias in SQPE, and a two-way blending routine that statistically fuses adjusted SQPE with radar estimates. The preprocessor not only corrects systematic bias in SQPE, but also improves the spatial distribution of precipitation based on SQPE and makes it closely resemble that of radar-based observations. It uses a more sophisticated radar-satellite merging technique to blend preprocessed datasets, and provides a better overall QPE product. The performance of the new satellite-radar-gauge blending module is assessed using independent rain gauge data over a 5-year period between 2003-2007, and the assessment evaluates the accuracy of newly developed satellite-radar-gauge (SRG) blended products versus that of radar-gauge products (which represents MPE algorithm currently used in the NWS operations) over two regions: I) inside radar effective coverage and II) immediately outside radar coverage. The outcomes of the evaluation indicate a) ingest of SQPE over areas within effective radar coverage improve the quality of QPE by mitigating the errors in radar estimates in region I; and b) blending of radar, gauge, and satellite estimates over region II leads to reduction of errors relative to bias-corrected SQPE. In addition, the new module alleviates the discontinuities along the boundaries of radar effective coverage otherwise seen when SQPE is used directly to fill the areas outside of effective radar coverage.
Testes de toxicidade, congelamento e refrigeração em sêmen de espécie nativa
Authors: COSTA Tiago Viana da , OSHIRO Lidia Miyako Yoshii , MATTOS Luciana Antunes de , LÓPEZ GRECO Laura Susana , MELO Emanuela Paula , FLOR Helaine dos Reis
Published: September 2017

A primeira etapa deste trabalho testou a toxicidade de quatro crioprotetores em espermatozoides de Macrobrachium acanthurus durante 10 e 20 min nas concentrações de 10 e 20%. A segunda etapa foi realizar a criopreservação aplicando o crioprotetor com menor grau de toxicidade, testanto dois mecanismos de congelamento, um automatizado (protocolos A e B) e outro convencional (protocolos C e D), durante 24 horas. O protocolo A apresentou velocidade de resfriamento de 0,5Â°C min-1 até alcançar -32Â°C, partindo de uma temperatura de -6Â°C e idem o protocolo B, com a diferença de partir de uma temperatura ambiente; os protocolos C e D apresentaram uma velocidade de resfriamento de 2 e 10Â°C min-1 respectivamente, sendo as palhetas transferidas ao nitrogênio lí­­quido. A terceira etapa foi verificar o tempo de vida do espermatozoide quando refrigerado a 5Â°C. A viabilidade espermática foi avaliada por meio de esfregaço de sêmen com eosina-nigrosina. Os crioprotetores que se apresentaram menos tóxicos foram o glicerol 10 e 20% e metanol 10%, num tempo de equilí­­brio de 10 minutos. A melhor velocidade de congelamento foi a de 2Â°C min-1 para glicerol 10%, com 21,8% de sobrevivência espermática, sendo a refrigeração até três dias recomendada, com uma sobrevivência de 35,3%.
Energia digestí­­vel e inclusão da glicerina bruta em dietas para juvenis de curimbatá
Authors: BALEN Rafael Ernesto , BUENO JUNIOR Gilson , COLPINI Leda Maria Saragiotto , BOMBARDELLI Robie Allan , SILVA Lilian Carolina Rosa da , MEURER Fábio
Published: September 2017

O curimbatá é um importante recurso pesqueiro, porém pouco se sabe sobre suas exigências nutricionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) e o efeito da inclusão da glicerina bruta (GB) em dietas para juvenis do curimbatá Prochilodus lineatus. Foram coletadas fezes de peixes alimentados com dieta-referência, baseada em ingredientes de origem vegetal, e com dieta-teste, tendo o marcador inerte óxido de cromo III (0,1%). No experimento de crescimento foram utilizados 750 juvenis (18,71Â±2,70 g) em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos (dietas contendo 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20% GB) e cinco repetições, durante 64 dias. Para P. lineatus, a GB apresentou CDA de 0,76 para energia bruta e energia digestí­­vel de 2.850,99 kcal kg-1 da dieta. Os diferentes ní­­veis de inclusão afetaram o peso final (PFM), conversão alimentar (CAA), taxa de crescimento especí­­fico (TCE) e ganho de peso (GPM), assim como os ní­­veis sanguí­­neos de glicose e triglicerí­­deos. A análise de regressão mostrou efeito linear negativo das dietas sobre PFM, TCE e GPM e efeito linear positivo sobre CAA. A glicerina bruta pode ser utilizada como fonte de energia e sua inclusão em 4% da dieta promove melhor desempenho produtivo do curimbatá.
Larvas de nematoides e cestoides de importí­¢ncia higiênico-sanitária em Lopholatilus villarii (Actinopterygii) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: SILVA Aline Monteiro da , KNOFF Marcelo , FELIZARDO Nilza Nunes , GOMES Delir Corrêa , SÃO CLEMENTE Sérgio Carmona de
Published: September 2017

O peixe batata, Lopholatilus villarii, ocorre do Brasil í­Â  Argentina e possui carne apreciada e comercialmente importante. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as larvas de nematoides Anisakidae e Raphidascarididae e cestoides Trypanorhyncha em espécimes de L. villarii obtidos em mercados de pescado do municí­­pio de Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, calcular seus í­­ndices parasitários e apresentar os sí­­tios de infecção. De agosto de 2015 a setembro de 2016 foram investigados 31 espécimes de L. villarii. Os peixes foram necropsiados e suas ví­­sceras e musculatura, analisadas. Os helmintos encontrados foram processados de acordo com as técnicas em helmintologia para permitir a identificação taxonômica. Dos 31 peixes analisados, 28 (90,3%) estavam parasitados com larvas de nematoides anisaquí­­deos e rafidascaridí­­deos: Anisakis sp., Terranova sp., Pseudoterranova sp. e Hysterothylacium deardorffoverstreetorum (L3 e L4) e plerocercos de cestoides Trypanorhyncha: Otobothrium sp. Seus í­­ndices parasitários foram calculados. Os helmintos estavam parasitando, principalmente, as serosas do intestino, estômago e fí­­gado e H. deardorffoverstreetorum estava também na musculatura abdominal de um peixe. Este é o primeiro registro de nematoides anisaquí­­deos e rafidascaridí­­deos e cestoides Trypanorhyncha em L. villarii. Aspectos higiênico-sanitários foram discutidos.
Cultivo de alevinos de tilápia em sistema de bioflocos sob diferentes relações carbono/nitrogênio
Authors: Lovera Katherine Patricia ZAPATA , BRITO Luis Otavio , LIMA Priscilla Celes Maciel de , Arana Luis Alejandro VINATEA , GALVEZ Alfredo Olivera , CÁRDENAS Jessie Marina Vargas
Published: September 2017

Na presente pesquisa avaliou-se o efeito da relação carbono/nitrogênio (C:N) na qualidade da água, produtividade e composição centesimal dos alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus durante 58 dias de cultivo. O desenho experimental consistiu em quatro tratamentos: um sistema convencional (controle) e três sistemas de biofloco (CN10, CN15 e CN20). Foram utilizadas 12 unidades experimentais de 0,04 m3 com 30 peixes (750 peixes m-3) com peso médio individual de 1,55 Â± 0,01 g. Verificou-se a existência de interação entre os parí­¢metros de qualidade da água do sistema de biofloco e os parí­¢metros produtivos dos alevinos de tilápia. O tratamento CN10 apresentou baixa produção de sólidos sedimentáveis, 38,61 Â± 0,54 mL L-1 (p<0,05), fato esse que contribuiu para o rápido crescimento dos indiví­­duos (21,7 Â± 2,18 g), atingindo produtividade final média de 15,50 Â± 0,81 kg m-3 (p<0,05). É possí­­vel concluir que o cultivo de alevinos de O. niloticus no sistema biofloco com uma relação C:N de 10 apresentou o melhor rendimento de produção quando comparado aos outros tratamentos (CN15 e CN20).