bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Na+-storage in a Li4Ti5O12 anode to expand the voltage-window for full SIBs of high energy density
Authors: Li Chao , Luo Binhui , Zhao Youman , Chen Yongsheng , Yang Hua , Song Jingang , Zhao Lili , Fu Xiaobo
Published: November 2021

The stable storage of sodium ions always presents some difficulties for sodium-based dual-ion batteries (S-DIBs), such as the irreversibility of guest-storage and kinetic hindrance in the anode.
Novel mesoporous Ag@SiO2 nanospheres as a heterogeneous catalyst with superior catalytic performance for hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds
Authors: Li Wenyan , Lin Xinying , Long Jing , Zheng Bo , Pan Zhaorui , Lang Leiming , Liu Guangxiang
Published: November 2021

Mesoporous core–shell structure Ag@SiO2 nanospheres are constructed to prevent Ag nanoparticles from aggregation during the hydrogenation reaction.
Superhydrophobic MOFs decorated on hierarchically micro/nanofibrous membranes for high-performance emulsified oily wastewater separation and cationic dyes adsorption
Authors: Ying Ting , Su Jiafei , Jiang Yijing , Ni Lingyu , Jiang Xin , Ke Qinfei , Xu He
Published: November 2021

A kind of hierarchically micro-patterned porous nanofibrous membrane with superhydrophobic MOFs incorporated (SMOFs@PT) was successfully prepared for the efficient separation of the emulsified oily wastewater and cationic dye adsorption.
β-Functionalized push–pull opp-dibenzoporphyrins as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells: the push group effect
Authors: Hu Yi , Alsaleh Ajyal , Trinh Oanh , D'Souza Francis , Wang Hong
Published: November 2021

β-Functionalized push–pull opp-dibenzoporphyrins with different donor groups were designed and synthesized, showing a significant push–pull effect. High power conversion efficiencies were achieved with these sensitizers in DSSCs.
Nitrogen-coordinated single-atom catalysts with manganese and cobalt sites for acidic oxygen reduction
Authors: Chao Guojie , Zhang Yizhe , Zhang Longsheng , Zong Wei , Zhang Nan , Xue Tiantian , Fan Wei , Liu Tianxi , Xie Yi
Published: November 2021

Improved catalytic durability towards acidic oxygen reduction reaction is achieved by using a Pt-free and Fe-free single-atom catalyst based on Mn, Co and N co-doped carbon (MnCo–N–C), compared with a Co and N co-doped carbon (Co–N–C) catalyst.
Facile template-free preparation of silver-coated Cu3SbS4 hollow spheres with enhanced photoelectric properties
Authors: Meng Xiang , Chen Xihao , Cheng Jiang , Zhai Fuqiang , Li Wen , Hu Rui , Li Lu
Published: November 2021

Hollow Cu3SbS4 microspheres with an opening were synthesized by a facile solvothermal route. The remarkably enhanced absorption and electrical resistivity can be obtained by the synergistic effect of the hollow structural feature and the Ag coating.
Enhanced fatigue resistance and lattice dynamics induced by the strong local strain in Fe-doped KTa1−xNbxO3 single crystals
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Tan Peng , Wang Yu , Zhang Yao , Meng Xiangda , Hu Chengpeng , Wang Guanchao , Zhou Zhongxiang , Tian Hao
Published: November 2021

Fe-doping gives rise to the strong local distributions of strain fields and the enhanced recoverability of the lattice vibration, which is fundamentally responsible for the promotion of electro-strain and fatigue resistance in Fe-doped KTa1−xNbxO3.
Halide (X = I, Br, Cl) doping to tune the electronic structure for conversion of Pb0.6Sn0.4Te into a high-performing thermoelectric material
Authors: Shenoy U. Sandhya , Bhat D. Krishna
Published: November 2021

The first report of a DFT study on halide (I, Br, Cl) doping in Pb0.6Sn0.4Te, a topological crystalline insulator reveals an opening of band gap and band convergence without breaking crystal mirror symmetry, leading to high thermoelectric performance.
Molecular and structural aspects of gasdermin family pores and insights into gasdermin-elicited programmed cell death
Authors: Zahid Ayesha , Ismail Hazrat , Jin Tengchuan
Published: November 2021

Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory and lytic type of programmed cell death (PCD) commenced by inflammasomes, which sense perturbations in the cytosolic environment. Recently, several ground-breaking studies have linked a family of pore-forming proteins known as gasdermins (GSDMs) to pyroptosis. The human genome encodes six GSDM proteins which have a characteristic feature of forming pores in the plasma membrane resulting in the disruption of cellular homeostasis and subsequent induction of cell death. GSDMs have an N-terminal cytotoxic domain and an auto-inhibitory C-terminal domain linked together through a flexible hinge region whose proteolytic cleavage by various enzymes releases the N-terminal fragment that can insert itself into the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane by binding to acidic lipids leading to pore formation. Emerging studies have disclosed the involvement of GSDMs in various modalities of PCD highlighting their role in diverse cellular and pathological processes. Recently, the cryo-EM structures of the GSDMA3 and GSDMD pores were resolved which have provided valuable insights into the pore formation process of GSDMs. Here, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of GSDMs in PCD, structural and molecular aspects of autoinhibition, and pore formation mechanism followed by a summary of functional consequences of gasdermin-induced membrane permeabilization.
The lifetime of components in a fusion reactor
Authors: Dose G.
Published: November 2021

Nuclear fusion is one of the most promising energy sources to satisfy our future needs. However, several open challenges are yet to be solved for the realisation of fusion electricity. Among the crucial issues, it is key to develop innovative solutions to increase the lifetime of the components inside a fusion reactor.
Steady-state heat transfer analysis in a spherical domain revisited
Authors: du Toit Jat , Pretorius Christiaan
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses the numerical solution of the one-dimensional radially axi-symmetric non-linear second-order differential equation to model the conduction and radiation transfer through a spherical domain as a result of an exothermic heat source. The equation is transformed to a non-dimensional form. The dimensionless numbers emanating from the transformation represent the effect of the reaction rate, reaction type, activation energy, radiation and the convection on the temperature. The non-dimensional differential equation for the temperature distribution was previously solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method coupled with a Shooting technique. In this paper the solution of the non-dimensional differential equation using an iterative Galerkin finite element method approach employing the Picard method is described. The commercial finite element code Comsol is also employed to solve the non-dimensional differential equation. The current study was motivated by inconsistencies that were observed in the previous results that were presented. Although the assumed underlying physics is used to evaluate the results, the study focuses purely on the numerical solution of the non-dimensional differential equation. The results obtained by the Galerkin finite element code and Comsol were found to be in exact agreement and also exhibit no inconsistencies.
An extension of the multiple marker algorithm for study of phase separation problems at the mesoscale
Authors: Reynolds Quinn G. , Oxtoby Oliver F. , Erwee Markus W. , Bezuidenhout Pieter J.A.
Published: November 2021

Multiphase fluid flow is an active field of research in numerous branches of science and technology. An interesting subset of multiphase flow problems involves the dispersion of one phase into another in the form of many small bubbles or droplets, and their subsequent separation back into bulk phases after this has occurred. Phase dispersion may be a desirable effect, for example in the production of emulsions of otherwise immiscible liquids or to increase interfacial surface area for chemical reactions, or an undesirable one, for example in the intermixing of waste and product phases during processing or the generation of foams preventing gas-liquid decoupling. The present paper describes a computational fluid dynamics method based on the multiple marker front-capturing algorithm – itself an extension of the volume-of-fluids method for multiphase flow – which is capable of scaling to mesoscale systems involving thousands of droplets or bubbles. The method includes sub-grid models for solution of the Reynolds equation to account for thin film dynamics and rupture. The method is demonstrated with an implementation in the OpenFOAM® computational mechanics framework. Comparisons against empirical data are presented, together with a performance benchmarking study and example applications.
Numerical Simulation of Blast Loaded CFRP Retrofitted Steel Plates
Authors: Shuaib Mujtaba M. , Chung Kim Yuen Steeve , Nurick Gerald N.
Published: November 2021

This paper reports on the results of a numerical study to simulate the response of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) retrofitted steel plates to applied blast loads using finite element software, LS-DYNA. The results of the simulation were validated against plate response and magnitude of deformation obtained from previous experiments. The uniform blast load was generated in the experiment by detonating a cylindrical charge down the end of a square tube. The finite element code LS-DYNA was used to simulate the structural response of the respective blast structures. For the numerical model, the blast load was simulated using the mapping feature available in LS-DYNA for the multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MM-ALE) elements which significantly reduced the size of the air domain in the model. The simulations showed a satisfactory correlation with the experiments for the blast results and post-failure deformations that occurred in CFRP retrofitted steel plates.
Potlatch, absolute hospitality and metaphorization in constructing socioeconomic intercultural reality
Authors: Bolshunov Andrey Yakovlevich , Bolshunova Sofia Andreevna , Proskurina Aleksandra Sergeevna , Tyurikov Aleksander Georgievich
Published: November 2021

The article reveals and substantiates the following thesis: the “economy of trust” exists exclusively in the context and sphere of specific social relations named potlatch. Potlatch is a traditional gift-giving feast that taken place among the natives of North America. Nowadays there are two points of view on the phenomenon of potlatch. On the one hand, potlatch is claimed to be a reckless waste. On the other hand, it is considered as a clear illustration of trust integration. At this point, the gift-giving process introduces the phenomenon of “absolute hospitality”, the embodiment of which is the trust-based space of social integration. Absolute hospitality presupposes the free economic activity of the guest, which is based on unlimited trust and conditioned by nothing. The economy of trust can exist only in such space. Narrativization and metaphorization are essential features of gift-giving space and socio-economic relations developed in it. These are the main forms of construction and interpretation such spaces and relations.
Family entrepreneurship as a social resource for increasing employment of Russian families
Authors: Agapova Ulyana Alekseevna , Sillaste Galina Georgievna , Yushkova Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2021

The subject of the article is the poorly studied to date social phenomenon of family entrepreneurship as a type of joint labor activities of family members, which improves the family’s standard of living. The phenomenon of family entrepreneurship is considered from the standpoint of the sociological approach in four perspectives: as a social process, as a type of collective work activity, as a form of group economic behavior of family members as a small group, and as a form of educational work on the formation of children’s needs and working skills. From the perspective of gender sociology family entrepreneurship is considered as a type of gender-neutral entrepreneurship, in which all family members can participate, regardless of gender attribute, but with different degrees of involvement in a family business. A positive prerequisite for the development of family entrepreneurship in the Russian market is the active integration of women in business and the development of gender-oriented entrepreneurship (male and female) in Russia. Each of these types, with its own experience, specifics, and dynamics of development, has a positive impact on the spread of family entrepreneurship. Based on the method of content analysis the degree of actualization of public and scientific attention to the problem of family entrepreneurship, scientific approaches to its study and the potential for further spread are revealed. The findings of the content analysis are supplemented by the results of narrative interviews with entrepreneurs revealing the degree of their understanding of the essence of family entrepreneurship, its strengths, and weaknesses, risks, and potential, the attitude of entrepreneurs to increasing economic activity of family members. The assessment of factors hindering the development of family entrepreneurship, its prospects, and expectations of forms of government assistance to this process is provided. The social potential of family entrepreneurship, its educational role in the formation of children’s labor skills, and intergenerational continuity of family business are emphasized in the research.
Problems of assessing students’ knowledge in mathematics using LMS Moodle
Authors: Konnova Larisa Petrovna , Lipagina Larisa Vladimirovna , Olekhova Elena Fedorovna , Rylov Alexander Arkadievich , Stepanyan Irina Kimovna
Published: November 2021

The widespread introduction of the LMS Moodle educational environment into the educational process in the framework of distance learning and recommendations to use the abovementioned resource for full-time education served as the prerequisites for this study. The authors believe that the knowledge assessment system for distance learning cannot be automatically applied to assess students of other forms of education, but should be adapted to them. The purpose of the research was to study the issues of assessment in the Moodle environment, to develop a methodology for using it to assess the knowledge of students of economic bachelor’s degree in Mathematics. To achieve the goal, scientific literature on this topic was studied, pedagogical design, experiment and student survey were used as research methods. As a result, the authors of the article designed a control and measuring system for assessing knowledge in mathematics in LMS Moodle and the procedure for intermediate certification using this system. The experience of introducing a knowledge assessment system in the first year of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation and a questionnaire survey showed the specificity of approaches to assessing students’ knowledge in an electronic environment in Mathematics. To control the academic achievements of students, the authors consider it necessary to check additionally the performance of the teacher with the subsequent correction of points. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a methodology for using LMS Moodle for assessing students’ knowledge in mathematics in the course of full-time education.
Immigration situation in Russia (2016–2020)
Authors: Ganina Elena Viktorovna , Kozlovtseva Nina Aleksandrovna , Matveenko Veronika Eduardovna , Kerimov Ayyub Sevdim oglu , Sukhorukova Daria Valerievna
Published: November 2021

The article overviews the peculiarities of migration in the Russian Federation in the modern period and analyzes the situation faced by people with a migrant background in Russia. The study provides a detailed description of the regions that are popular among immigrants and the underlying reasons for their choices. The main directions of migration flows in Russia are studied (Moscow, Moscow Region, St. Petersburg, Leningrad Region, Krasnodar Region, Novosibirsk and Tyumen Regions); the reasons for the popularity of these regions among migrants are revealed. The goals of the arrival of foreign migrants in Russia, as well as the information about their level of education and age category, are presented. It was revealed that more than 80% of migrants who arrived in Russia were males of working age. The article also presents statistical data on refugees and stateless persons in Russia, as well as information on national diasporas organized in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: The Evolving Role of the Radiologist in 2021
Authors: Salgado Rodrigo , El Addouli Haroun , Budde Ricardo P J
Published: November 2021

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has gained worldwide acceptance and implementation as an alternative therapeutic option in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis unable to safely undergo surgical aortic valve replacement. This transformative technique places the radiologist in a key position in the pre-procedural assessment of potential candidates for this technique, delivering key anatomical information necessary for patient eligibility and procedural safety. Recent trials also provide encouraging results to potentially extend the indication to patients with safer risk profiles.

Method The review is based on a PubMed literature search using the search terms “transcatheter heart valve”, “TAVI”, “TAVR”, “CT”, “imaging”, “MR” over a period from 2010–2020, combined with personal comments based on the author’s experience.

Results and Conclusion CT plays a prominent role in the pre-procedural workup, delivering as a true 3D imaging modality optimal visualization of the complex anatomy of the aortic root with simultaneous evaluation of the patency of the different access routes. As such, the contribution of CT is key for the determination of patient eligibility and procedural safety. This input is supplementary to the contributions of other imaging modalities and forms an important element in the discussions of the Heart Valve Team. Knowledge of the procedure and its characteristics is necessary in order to provide a comprehensive and complete report. While the role of CT in the pre-procedural evaluation is well established, the contribution of CT and MR and the clinical significance of their findings in the routine follow-up after the intervention are less clear and currently the subject of intense investigation. Important issues remain, including the occurrence and significance of subclinical leaflet thrombosis, prosthetic heart valve endocarditis, and long-term structural valve degeneration.

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Citation Format
Cobalt–Tertiary Amine Mediated Peroxy-trifluoromethylation and -halodifluoromethylation of Alkenes with CF2XBr (X = F, Cl, Br) and tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Li Suhua , Li Qiankun , Pang Liangzhi , Sun Qilin , Huang Zhan
Published: November 2021

An efficient cobalt-tertiary amine mediated peroxy-trifluoromethylation and -halodifluoromethylation of alkenes with simple and inexpensive CF2XBr (X = F, Cl, Br) has been described. This method demonstrated broad substrate scope and good to high yields with the tolerance of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted alkenes with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. The protocol provides an efficient access to various β-peroxyl trifluoromethyl/halodifluoromethyl derivatives. Further transformation of these type of compounds into other useful molecules, such as a ketene aminal, an α-trifluoromethyl ketone, and a gem-difluoroalkene, demonstrated the utility of this methodology.
Synthesis of C3-Cyanomethylated Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Ultrasound-Promoted Three-Component Reaction under Catalyst- and Oxidant-Free Conditions
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Haifeng , Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Jian , Wu Qingguo
Published: November 2021

An efficient synthesis of C3-cyanomethylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via ultrasound-promoted three-component reaction under catalyst-free, oxidant-free, and mild conditions has been developed. A series of C3-cyanomethylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were rapidly prepared with satisfactory yields and good functional group compatibility. This strategy cloud also be applied to the synthesis of zolpidem and alpidem in short steps.
PEEK versus Metallic Attachment-Retained Obturators for Patient Satisfaction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sharaf Mohamed Yahia , Eskander Asharaf Email
Published: November 2021

Objective The aim of the study was patients’ satisfaction evaluation and radiographic evaluation of the terminal abutments of attachment-retained maxillary obturators with metal framework versus milled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) framework in the management of maxillectomy cases.

Materials and Methods Eighteen participants were randomly divided into three parallel groups (n = 6). Participants of the PEEK group received attachment-retained obturators with milled PEEK framework, the metal group received an attachment-retained obturator with a metallic framework, and the conventional group received conventional clasp-retained obturators with a metallic framework (Control group). The evaluation included was radiographic evaluation and patients’ satisfaction in this study included two scales—”The Obturator Functioning Scale” and “The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck 35” using one-way ANOVA test.

Results Both PEEK and metal groups showed a statistically significant lower mean bone loss (p <0.050) compared with the conventional group during all follow-up periods. There is no statistically significant difference between the PEEK and metal groups during all follow-up periods. Regarding patient satisfaction, both the PEEK and metal groups showed a statistically significant decrease score (p <0.050) compared with the conventional group in various aspects of patients’ satisfaction scales as satisfaction with the look and difficulty of talking to the public, and noticeable clasps. In comparison, the PEEK group showed a statistically significant decrease score (p <0.050) than the metal group with respect to satisfaction with the look along all follow-up periods.

Conclusions PEEK attachment-retained maxillary definitive obturators could be considered a promising treatment modality for patients with acquired maxillary defects with regard to esthetics and satisfaction.
Influence of the Microbiome on Anastomotic Leak
Authors: Williamson Ashley J. , Alverdy John C.
Published: November 2021

Despite advances in surgical technique and the expanded use of antibiotics, anastomotic leak remains a dreaded complication leading to increased hospital length of stay, morbidity, mortality, and cost. Data continues to grow addressing the importance of a functional and diverse colonic microbiome to ensure adequate healing. Individual pathogens, such as Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of anastomotic leak. Yet how these pathogens proliferate remains unclear. It is possible that decreased microbial diversity promotes a shift to a pathologic phenotype among the remaining microbiota which may lead to anastomotic breakdown. As the microbiome is highly influenced by diet, antibiotic use, the stress of surgery, and opioid use, these factors may be modifiable at various phases of the surgical process. A large amount of data remains unknown about the composition and behavior of the “normal” gut microbiome as compared with an altered community. Therefore, targeting the gut microbiome as a modifiable factor in anastomotic healing may represent a novel strategy for the prevention of anastomotic leak.
Size-Adjustable Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Enhanced Tumor Retention and Penetration
Authors: Deng Miao , Rao Jing-Dong , Guo Rong , Li Man , He Qin
Published: November 2021

Over the past decades, nano-drug delivery systems have shown great potential in improving tumor treatment. And the controllability and design flexibility of nanoparticles endow them a broad development space. The particle size is one of the most important factors affecting the potency of nano-drug delivery systems. Large-size (100–200 nm) nanoparticles are more conducive to long circulation and tumor retention, but have poor tumor penetration; small-size (<50 nm) nanoparticles can deeply penetrate tumor but are easily cleared. Most of the current fixed-size nanoparticles are difficult to balance the retention and penetration, while the proposal of size-adjustable nano-drug delivery systems offers a solution to this paradox. Many endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as acidic pH, upregulated enzymes, temperature, light, catalysts, redox conditions, and reactive oxygen species, can trigger the in situ transformation of nanoparticles based on protonation, hydrolysis, click reaction, phase transition, photoisomerization, redox reaction, etc. In this review, we summarize the principles and applications of stimuli-responsive size-adjustable strategies, including size-enlargement strategies and size-shrinkage strategies. We also propose the challenges faced by size-adjustable nano-drug delivery systems, hoping to promote the development of this strategy.
Acquaintance and Awareness of Budding Physicians toward Antimicrobials' Use: Need of the Hour
Authors: Agrawal Apurva , Chauhan Chandan Singh , Boliwal Krishna , Sharma Ashish
Published: November 2021

Background Development of new antibiotics has been slow in the past decades, despite the urgent need. Final-year undergraduate students, interns, and postgraduate students are future prescribers of antimicrobials. It is important they have proper knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic prescription, so that antibiotic resistance could be dealt wisely.

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate, interns, and postgraduate medical students regarding antimicrobials, antibiotics resistance, and associated factors.

Methodology A total of 150 final-year medical students, interns, and resident doctors were included, 50 in each group. Participants were contacted individually and were asked to fill a prevalidated questionnaire. Information was collected on three broad categories: basic information about antimicrobials, knowledge regarding treatment of common infections, and belief and attitude toward antimicrobials. Percentages were calculated for the categorical data and chi-squared test was used for univariate analysis of the categorical data, where p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results Precisely, 80.67% were able to answer which type of infections need antibiotics; 19.33% responded that both viral and bacterial infections need antibiotics; 44.67% preferred using broad-spectrum antibiotics for definitive treatment; 28.66% answered macrolides as most commonly used for upper respiratory tract infection; 56% considered fluoroquinolones are most commonly used for urinary tract infection with p-value less than 0.05 between the groups; 43.33% were unaware of the infection control program; while 72.66% were unaware about the antibiotic policy in their institute.

Conclusion The majority had sufficient basic knowledge about antibiotics, yet there were areas for concern. Study findings may help to formulate new learning objectives for medical students to inculcate proper knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic prescription.
Differential Expression of Claudin in Odontogenic Cysts
Authors: Phattarataratip Ekarat , Sappayatosok Kraisorn
Published: November 2021

Objective This study aimed to analyze claudin-1, -4, and -7 expression in different types of odontogenic cysts (odontogenic keratocysts [OKCs], dentigerous cysts [DCs], calcifying odontogenic cysts [COCs], and radicular cysts [RCs]) as well as its association with OKC recurrence.

Materials and Methods Seventy samples of odontogenic cysts samples were immunohistochemically stained to detect claudin-1, -4, and -7 expression. Patient information and OKC recurrence data were recorded. The staining was analyzed semiquantitatively and categorized based on the pattern and percentage of positively stained cystic epithelial cells.

Statistical Analysis Expression of different claudins between groups was analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's test, followed by post hoc pairwise comparison. The association between claudin expression and OKC recurrence was analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test. Correlations among claudin expression were examined with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Level of significance was at p < 0.005.

Results Claudin-1 was widely expressed in every odontogenic cyst. Most DCs (50%) expressed claudin-1 in more than 75% of cells, as did RCs (65%), while most OKCs (50%) expressed claudin-1 in 26 to 50% of cells. Most COCs (50%) expressed claudin-1 in 51 to 75% of cells. Every sample of OKC and RC was positive for claudin-4, but no sample showed staining in more than 51% of cells. Every odontogenic cyst was positive for claudin-7. DCs (35%), OKCs (55%), and RCs (40%) mostly showed staining in 26 to 50% of cells. High claudin-1 expression was shown in COCs, DCs, and RCs, while low expression of claudin-4 was shown in every odontogenic cyst. For claudin-7, the expression is high only in COCs. Claudin-1 and -4 was significantly different among each odontogenic cyst. High expression of claudin-1 was correlated with OKC recurrence. The correlations of claudin-1 with claudin-7 expression and claudin-4 with claudin-7 expression were significant in DCs. In COCs, claudin-1 and claudin-7 expression was significantly correlated.

Conclusions The expression of claudin-1, -4, and -7 was present in every odontogenic cyst, but the proportion of positive staining cells was different. Expression of claudin-1 is associated with OKC recurrence. Dysregulation of claudin expression may play a pathogenic role in cyst pathogenesis.
Core belief disruption amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Japanese adults
Authors: Matsudaira Izumi , Takano Yuji , Yamaguchi Ryo , Taki Yasuyuki
Published: November 2021

Due to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide, most people have been forced to alter their lifestyles. This situation may affect the mental health of individuals through the disruption of core beliefs about humans, the world, and the self. Therefore, in this study, an online survey of Japanese adults was conducted to investigate the associations between subjective achievement and the burden of cooperation in preventive measures, disruption of core beliefs, and psychological distress. The results showed that pandemic-induced disruption of core beliefs occurred at a relatively low level in the general population of Japan. In addition, the achievement and psychological burden of preventive measures, reduced income due to the pandemic, and stressfulness of the pandemic were significantly associated with the level of the disruption of core beliefs. Moreover, the greater the disruption of core beliefs, the greater the psychological distress. These findings indicate that the violation of fundamental assumptions about life are an important factor determining mental health during a pandemic.
Covering Surfaces with Copper Destroys Coronavirus
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: November 2021

Thin films of the metal could have virucidal uses on common surfaces, masks
Photon polarization effects in polarized electron–positron pair production in a strong laser field
Authors: Dai Ya-Nan , Shen Bai-Fei , Li Jian-Xing , Shaisultanov Rashid , Hatsagortsyan Karen Z. , Keitel Christoph H. , Chen Yue-Yue
Published: November 2021

Deep understanding of the impact of photon polarization on pair production is essential for the efficient generation of laser-driven polarized positron beams and demands a complete description of polarization effects in strong-field QED processes. Employing fully polarization-resolved Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate correlated photon and electron (positron) polarization effects in the multiphoton Breit–Wheeler pair production process during the interaction of an ultrarelativistic electron beam with a counterpropagating elliptically polarized laser pulse. We show that the polarization of e−e+ pairs is degraded by 35% when the polarization of the intermediate photon is resolved, accompanied by an ∼13% decrease in the pair yield. Moreover, in this case, the polarization direction of energetic positrons at small deflection angles can even be reversed when high-energy photons with polarization parallel to the laser electric field are involved.
Photoablative lithography of cellulose acetate at 172 nm: Subtractive 3D printing of biodegradable optical microstructures and molds for polydimethylsiloxane patterning
Authors: Mironov Andrey E. , Park Sehyun , Kim Jinhong , Sievers Dane J. , Park Sung-Jin , Spirk Stephan , Eden J. Gary
Published: November 2021

Cellulose is a glucose polymer and the most abundant biological material on earth. Because it is biodegradable and yet water insoluble, cellulose has been pursued in the past as a scaffold or base structural material for medical applications, sensors, and optical devices. Patterning of two cellulose polymers, cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate butyrate, by photoablative lithography at 172 nm has been demonstrated and is reported here. This 3D subtractive process yields complex micro- and nanostructures and optical components, including sinusoidal gratings and waveguides. Having a depth precision of 15 nm and requiring no photoresist or solvents, vacuum-ultraviolet photoetching of cellulose polymer films proceeds at a constant rate of ∼0.8 μm/h for depths of up to and beyond 25 μm when the intensity of the flat lamp is 10 mW cm−2. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microimprinting process, in which photoetched cellulose serves as a negative master mold for PDMS, provides feature sizes as small as 0.5 μm and allows for optical structures such as gratings to be integrated with microfluidic devices while eliminating the existing necessity of fabricating Si molds in a cleanroom environment.
Gold atom diffusion assisted thermal healing enabling high-performance hole-transporting material in solar cells
Authors: Jiang Chenhui , Wang Zheng , Tang Rongfeng , Zhu Changfei , Zhang Lijian , Chen Tao
Published: November 2021

The use of the compact hole-transporting layer (HTL) with strong hole extraction ability is vital to prepare high-efficiency solar cells. Here, we report the application of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ) doped copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as the hole-transporting layer for the Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells. We find that the diffusion of gold atoms into the copper phthalocyanine film is able to heal the cracks and pinholes of the CuPc film, which enables the morphology to become more flat and denser, along with enhanced hole mobility. Benefitting from these results, the F4-TCNQ doped CuPc-based Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells achieved best power conversion efficiency of 8.57%. More importantly, the device based on F4-TCNQ doped CuPc HTL showed essentially improved operational stability under the condition of 85% humidity and 85 °C. This research provides a suitable method for improving the morphology and transport properties of the CuPc based hole-transporting layer for solar cell and other optoelectronic device applications.
Scaling of phonon frequencies and electron binding energies with interatomic distances in InxGa1−xN
Authors: Katsikini M. , Filintoglou K. , Pinakidou F. , Pliatsikas N. , Arvanitidis J. , Christofilos D. , Paloura E. C. , Ves S. , Reinholz U. , Papadomanolaki E. , Iliopoulos E.
Published: November 2021

In-K-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), x-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopy results are combined for a comprehensive study of InxGa1−xN layers with energy gaps extending over nearly the whole visible spectrum. The In–N and In–(In,Ga) distances determined by EXAFS are used for the derivation of the In–N bond ionicity as well as for the phonon frequency dependence of the LO and B12 modes, assessed by Raman, and the N 1s, In 3d5/2, Ga 3s, and Ga 2p1/2 electron binding energies on those distances. Phonon confinement due to perturbation of the periodic potential caused by the alloying is also quantified.
Optimal reduced frequency for the power efficiency of a flat plate gliding with spanwise oscillations
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Xu Zhaoyue , Zhang Xinlei , Wang Shizhao
Published: November 2021

The spanwise oscillation provides an accessory or alternative to flapping motion toward high-efficiency bio-inspired flight. The power factor that measures the efficiency of a gliding wing with spanwise oscillation to support a unit weight is investigated in this work. The gliding wing model consists of a rectangular flat plate that oscillates sinusoidally along the spanwise direction in a uniform upstream flow at a post-stall angle of attack. The unsteady flows and aerodynamic forces are obtained by numerically solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations at a Reynolds number of 300 (based on the uniform upstream velocity and the chord length). It is found that the spanwise oscillation can effectively enhance the power factor of the rectangular wing. The power factor under the optimal spanwise oscillation is 1.97 times as large as that without spanwise oscillation. Then, we introduce an effective reduced frequency by accounting for the effect of spanwise oscillation on the velocity encountered by the wing. The results show that the optimal effective reduced frequency locates in a narrow region from 0.47 to 0.56. Finally, the analyses of the vortex structures and the Lamb vector field indicate that the enhanced power factor results from the interaction between the stable leading-edge vortex and side-edge vortices associated with the spanwise oscillation. This work is expected to be helpful in understanding the vortex dynamics and guiding the kinematic design of the high-efficiency bio-inspired flight with spanwise oscillation.
Probing anisotropy in epitaxial Fe/Pt bilayers by spin–orbit torque ferromagnetic resonance
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Tomal , Lendinez Sergi , Scheuer Laura , Papaioannou Evangelos Th. , Jungfleisch M. Benjamin
Published: November 2021

We report the generation and detection of spin–orbit torque ferromagnetic resonance (STFMR) in micropatterned epitaxial Fe/Pt bilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The magnetic field dependent measurements at an in-plane magnetic field angle of 45° with respect to the microwave-current direction reveal the presence of two distinct voltage peaks indicative of a strong magnetic anisotropy. We show that STFMR can be employed to probe the underlying magnetic properties, including the anisotropies in the Fe layer. We compare our STFMR results with broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements of the unpatterned bilayer thin films. The experimental STFMR measurements are interpreted using an analytical formalism and further confirmed using micromagnetic modeling which sheds light on the field-dependent magnetization alignment in the microstructures responsible for the STFMR rectification. Our results demonstrate a simple and efficient method for determining magnetic anisotropies in microstructures by means of rf spectroscopy.
Actively tunable photonic crystal-based switch via plasmon-analog of index enhancement
Authors: Yüce Emre , Artvin Zafer , Sahin Ramazan , Bek Alpan , Tasgin Mehmet Emre
Published: November 2021

We propose a miniaturized photonic switch, which utilizes (recently discovered) plasmon analog of index enhancement. An index is tuned via a control (auxiliary) pulse. The operation principle of the proposed device, composed of a few layers of nanorod dimers, is different than the conventional photonic switches. In the proposed device, a stop band is created at the desired frequency determined by the control pulse frequency. Calculated modulation depths are quite large, and response time is determined by the plasmon lifetime. The method we propose here is based on linear operation that requires low power and has very small foot-print that satisfies the major needs to be the choice of a switching scheme for integrated optics.
One-dimensional covalent organic framework—Carbon nanotube heterostructures for efficient capacitive energy storage
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Chaojun , Liu Chang , Yu Zixun , Xu Meiying , Chen Yuan , Wei Li
Published: November 2021

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with redox-active moieties are potential capacitive energy storage materials. However, their performance is limited by their poor electrical conductivity and sluggish ion diffusion in their nanopores. Herein, we report coaxial one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) comprised of a carbon nanotube (CNT) core and a pyrene–pyridine COF shell synthesized by an in situ wrapping method. The coaxial structure allows efficient electronic interaction between the CNT core and COF shell and improves the electrical conductivity significantly. It also improves electrolyte ion accesses to redox-active pyridine groups in the COF, resulting in excellent capacitive energy storage performance with a high specific capacitance of ∼360 F g−1, an excellent rate capability of ∼80%, and a good stability of 92% capacitance retention after 20 000 charge/discharge cycles. Our strategy opens the door to create other multi-dimensional vdWHs for various potential applications.
Closing the Gap in Aboriginal health disparities: is there a place for Elders in the neoliberal agenda?
Authors: Cox Terrance , Hoang Ha , Mond Jonathon , Cross Merylin
Published: November 2021

Objective In light of concerns surrounding neoliberal government approaches to addressing Aboriginal disadvantage, this project examined how Elders consider the Closing the Gap programs for improving community health outcomes. Methods A participatory action research project was undertaken in collaboration with eight Elders from a remote Aboriginal community in Australia’s island state of Tasmania. The findings emerged from thematic analysis of individual interviews and yarning circles. Results The Closing the Gap programs were seen by Elders as having instrumental value for addressing Aboriginal community disadvantage. However, the programs also represented a source of ongoing dependency that threatened to undermine the community’s autonomy, self-determination and cultural foundations. The findings emerged to represent Elders attempting to reconcile this tension by embedding the programs with cultural values or promoting culture separately from the programs. Ultimately, the Elders saw culture as the core business of community well-being and effective program delivery. Conclusion The findings are reflective of tensions that arise when neoliberal policies are imposed on Aboriginal ways of knowing, being and doing. The Elders premised cultural well-being as the key determinant of Aboriginal community health. What is known about the topic? Closing the Gap represents successive neoliberal policy responses of Australian governments to address ongoing Aboriginal disadvantage. What does this paper add? Closing the Gap programs were recognised by Aboriginal Elders for providing the community with improved services, but also a threat to the community’s cultural foundations and self-determination. The findings illustrate ongoing tensions between neoliberal principles and Aboriginal cultural values. What are the implications for practitioners? More effective Closing the Gap approaches require greater collaboration between policy stakeholders and community Elders.
Translesion polymerase eta both facilitates DNA replication and promotes increased human genetic variation at common fragile sites
Authors: Twayana Shyam , Bacolla Albino , Barreto-Galvez Angelica , De-Paula Ruth B. , Drosopoulos William C. , Kosiyatrakul Settapong T. , Bouhassira Eric E. , Tainer John A. , Madireddy Advaitha , Schildkraut Carl L.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Common fragile sites (CFSs) are normal loci that are genetically unstable under normal and oncogenic replication stress. Pol eta has been proposed to play a key role in CFS replication. Here, we show that in the absence of Pol eta, replication at five specific CFS loci is perturbed, with fork pausing observed at several sites. Sequence analysis showed that certain pause sites are associated with the presence of non-B DNA motifs, while others are not. Importantly, pause sites are located within regions of increased genetic variation in healthy human populations that could be attributed to Pol eta activity. Our data unveil a role for Pol eta in overcoming replication stress, reducing DNA breakage, and promoting genetic variation at CFSs.
Seeds of imperfection rule the mesocrystalline disorder in natural anhydrite single crystals
Authors: Stawski Tomasz M. , Smales Glen J. , Scoppola Ernesto , Jha Diwaker , Morales Luiz F. G. , Moya Alicia , Wirth Richard , Pauw Brian R. , Emmerling Franziska , Van Driessche Alexander E. S.
Published: November 2021

Significance

Many people perceive crystals as the embodiment of perfect order, although in reality, it is well understood that monocrystals possess imperfections. By considering large anhydrite crystals from the famous Naica Mine (“Cueva de los cristales”), an extended picture begins to emerge, revealing a suite of correlated self-similar void defects spanning multiple length scales. These flaws in the macroscopic crystal likely stem from “seeds of imperfection” originating from a particle-mediated nucleation pathway. Hence, building a crystal could be viewed as nature stacking blocks in a game of Tetris, while slowly forgetting the game’s core concept and failing to fill rows completely.
The making of unaccompanied children
Authors: Yilmaz Birgul
Published: November 2021

This paper deals with the management of unaccompanied child migration. A legal framework laid out in international law aims to give internationally recognised human rights to children. These legal texts (re)invent the label of “child”, and more specifically, of “unaccompanied child”. This is a legally prescribed lexical label that discursively produces the figure of “child” as a legal, psychological and biometric surveillance object, resulting in ambivalent management of the children. In this paper, I show how this figure of the unaccompanied child is (re)invented in legal texts and then circulates in the humanitarian world via a process of entextualisation on supra/national and local levels in Greece. Drawing on eight months of ethnography on Lesvos Island, I demonstrate the tensions, disruptions, refusals and unsettling moments of struggle that arise when this definition and its related policies are implemented on the ground.
“May you fall [dead] while standing!”
Authors: Haokip Pauthang
Published: November 2021

This paper presents two types of maledictions in Thadou-Kuki. The first deals with the various forms of maledictions which on the surface appear as though they are curse words in terms of their forms and meanings. But a close examination reveals that the mere presence of such maledictions does not constitute cursing. Rather, it is the context of who said what to whom and why that determines whether they should be interpreted curses or not. The second deals with words that are used purely as abuses or insults and, as such, do not have such semantic or pragmatic ambiguities like the various forms of maledictions. The paper shows that maledictions are expressed with the help of imperatives of which the directive -în and the command tâng are used with slight nuances in meaning. That is, with the latter, the wish is more pronounced and indicates the true intent of the speaker to inflict harm upon the addressee, which the former lacks. Abuses or insults, on the other hand, are momentary emotional reactions to the things that happened around the speaker and unlike true curses are not carefully thought out expression of words. They are rather words that the speaker picked up as and when the situation demands and may involve an element of bragging.