bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of Connecting Maritime and Continental Tourism with an Emphasis on Sustainable Development
Authors: Gračan Daniela , Coner Maja , Štros Danimir
Published: February 2019

Contemporary tourism trends are marked by a number of elements that enrich the product of the tourism and travel industry and contribute to the satisfaction of visitors, while respecting the principles of sustainable tourist destination management. This paper analyzes the possibilities for the implementation of charter flights and the introduction of electric cars with the aim of connecting maritime and continental tourism in Croatia on the principles of sustainable development of tourist destinations. For the purpose of proving the set hypotheses, research has been carried out involving all the county tourist offices as the target points of the survey, as each of them covers a range of local self-government units, and can be considered a representative sample of tourism in the entire territory of Croatia. The survey was conducted through questionnaires with the office directors. The analysis of their responses suggests the need to approach and merge maritime and continental tourism through a new tourist product by introducing charter flights and electric cars. Based on the results of the research and in the opinion of the respondents, the introduction of charter flights would lead to the extension of the tourist season, the expansion of the tourist offer and thus the greater pleasure of visitors themselves, increase of employment, increase of local government revenues and synergy effect of economic development. Respondents believe that the introduction of alternative electric vehicles would significantly contribute to environmental protection and rationalization of operations due to considerably lower costs (gas emissions into the environment, the possibility of co-financing through EU funds or central and local government funds, maintenance costs, etc.). The introduction of charter flights and the usage of electric cars from the airport to the destination would significantly contribute to the achievement of better tourism-related results and the increase of the competitiveness of Croatian tourism as a whole.
The Impacts of Rip Curl Pro, Surf Competition, in Peniche (Portugal)
Authors: Nunes Rosa , Brito Mónica
Published: February 2019

Deeply connected to the sea, its greatest resource, Peniche, from its early development has become over the years one of the main references in nautical tourism, with surf being its main sport practice. In fact, nowadays, surf is the main source of income of the municipality. The popularity of this destination as a standard for nautical sports has gained such a dimension that has attracted the attention of one of the world’s leading nautical sports events, the Rip Curl Pro. Since 2009 (the first time this event took place in that city) to the present day, the impacts of this event have not been only felt in the Western region but also throughout the country.
‘Rugged Hills’, ‘Dense Forests’ and ‘Backward People’. Imagining Landscapes in Nineteenth-Century Colonial Goa
Authors: Ferreira José Miguel Moura
Published: February 2019

The former Portuguese colony of Goa is best known nowadays as a tourist hotspot. To many, its iconic landscape is one of sandy beaches and whitewashed churches nestling among the paddy fields and coconut trees. But beyond this postcard image there is another lesser known landscape, epitomized by the rugged mountains and forests of the Sahyadri range. During the Portuguese colonial period, which lasted until 1961, this was the ‘other landscape’ of Goa, frequently portrayed as ‘wild’, ‘backward’ and inherently hostile to colonial rule. This essay discusses the production of these images and their importance in shaping colonial policies. Building upon recent research on Environmental and Imperial History, it argues that far from being mere discursive constructions these images had important political, economic, cultural and environmental repercussions which shaped the history of colonial Goa.
Desarrollo de modelo integral de autoevaluación en una institución de educación superior
Authors: Vera-Silva Andrea del Pilar , Castiblanco-Jimenez Ivonne Angelica , Cruz-Gonzalez Joan Paola
Published: February 2019

La calidad en educación superior se aprecia en los sistemas de aseguramiento de la calidad, a través de procesos de autoevaluación. Para una institución de educaciónsuperior[IES] esunprocesodeparticipación activa de los stakeholders en la identificación de las fortalezas y oportunidades de mejoramiento, tanto de la institución como de sus programas académicos, encaminados al cumplimiento de su misión y permanente mejoramiento. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo dar respuesta a los procesos de autoevaluación contenidos en la legislación colombiana, integrando los modelos de autoevaluación y los requisitos de la Organización Internacional de Normalización NTC-ISO 9001:2015. Para esto se hace uso de la metodología de desarrollo de producto de Schnarch aplicada en el desarrollo de un modelo integral de autoevaluación para la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. El estudio permitió una caracterización y diagnóstico del proceso de autoevaluación en los stakeholders a través de la metodología de dinámica de sistemas para desarrollar un modelo que permita a las IES abordar los procesos de autorregulación, de registro calificado, acreditación institucional, de programas académicos y sus respectivas renovaciones.
Las TIC en escuelas rurales: realidades y proyección para la integración
Authors: Molina-Pacheco Luis Eduardo , Mesa-Jiménez Fredy Yesid
Published: February 2019

Como baluarte de las políticas de Estado en materia de TIC, el gobierno ha ofrecido utilizar los medios tecnológicos en aras de potenciar el sistema educativo incluyente y de calidad, garantizando el acceso de todos los estudiantes del territorio nacional. Por ello, se hace necesario analizar, en el contexto rural del municipio de Tunja, el efecto de las políticas de Estado en materia de TIC, desde un abordaje relacionado con las facilidades o barreras para el acceso a la infraestructura computacional y comunicacional, el uso que los maestros han dado a los recursos con los cuales han podido contar en sus situaciones particulares y el grado de apropiación de estas tecnologías en su quehacer docente. En tal sentido, esta investigación de carácter mixto permitió develar las latentes necesidades y preocupaciones de los maestros. Además se concretó, a partir de la experiencia de los docentes, una secuencia para la incorporación de las TIC para los centros educativos rurales, que incluye la planificación, capacitación de maestros, disposición y gestión de recursos, mantenimiento y seguimiento e incentivos.
ANALISIS PROGRAM IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN LITERASI SEKOLAH (GLS) DENGAN PENDEKATAN GOAL-BASED EVALUATION
Authors: Widayoko Agus , H Supriyono Koes , Muhardjito Muhardjito
Published: February 2019

Literacy skills are one of the basic skills of the 21st century. These skills become the basis of other skills, such as the ability to understand information analytically, critically, and reflectively. The School Literacy Movement (GLS) is one of the government's efforts to improve students' literacy skills. One of the programs is reading habituation 15 minutes before learning. The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of GLS program in schools, obstacles, and feedback related to improvement of GLS program implementation. This research uses evaluation method of Goal-Based Evaluation in analyzing GLS program. Respondents from this study are all school communities consisting of principals, teachers, employees, and students all over Indonesia who are willing to fill in google-form which contains questionnaires related to the implementation of GLS. The results of the evaluation indicate that 81.6% said that the GLS program has been implemented in the respondent's school, the reading habituation of 15 minutes in the school is in accordance with the national objectives, and 100% of respondents suggested that this activity should be continued with various inputs.
MODUL PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS PISA UNTUK MELATIH SISWA BERPIKIR TINGKAT TINGGI
Authors: Mohayat Nurdin , Netriwati Netriwati
Published: February 2019

This study aims to develop a PISA-based learning module in mathematics to train students’ high-order thinking skills. This research type is research and mining. This research uses 7 stages from 10 stages of procedure from Borg and Gall which have been modified by Sugiyono. Data collection techniques used are documents, interviews and assessment questionnaires. The result of the research is the learning module of mathematics based on PISA problems to train students in improving students' high thinking ability which has been declared valid and proper to be used as a whole as a medium of learning by 5 material experts who got the average score of 84.2% and 3 Experts media that scored an average of 87% with each of the maximum validity scores was 100%. While the attractiveness test of instructional media stated "Very Interesting" by small group test which got average score 80,45% and big group test with score average 85,85% with each score maximal attractiveness is 100%. So it can be concluded that the development of the resulting mathematical module is declared feasible and can be used as a teaching material to train students in improving high comprehension.
INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI SEKOLAH PADA ERA DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION
Authors: Priatna Tedi
Published: February 2019

The main focus of this paper is the innovative idea of Islamic Education learning in schools facing the disruptive innovation of the digital age. The discussion uses critical analytics as part of the development of descriptive methods. The object of study is ideas. Data collection techniques used are book survey or library research. The results of the discussion show several important findings. (1) Learning model is a conceptual framework that describes the systematic procedure in organizing experiences to achieve learning objectives. The learning model is formed from the element of focus, syntax, social system and learning situation, and supporting factor. (2) Learning Islamic Education is an effort to encourage learners to earn the curriculum of Islamic Education which resulted in a change in the behavior of learners. There are efforts to be taken to optimize the learning of Islamic Education in schools facing disruptive innovation. First, there is a need to change the paradigm of learning Islamic Education not only limited to cognitive orientation, but also psychomotor domain, affection, and attitude aspects as well as religious behavior. Second, Islamic Education learning in schools/madrasah should be developed and innovated in such a way that Islamic Education learning is up-to-date and attracts students’ interest. The use of information technology in the Islamic Education learning model should continue to be developed and placed as a source, reference, and information resource. The use of social media in learning should also be an alternative, including the use and utilization of social media for the development of Islamic Education learning in schools.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF DAN KECAKAPAN SOSIAL DITINJAU DARI SIKAP ILMIAH PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Ningrat Hadi Kusuma
Published: February 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of STAD type cooperative learning model that is integrated through a scientific attitude toward the students' cognitive learning outcomes and social skills. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method with 2x2 factorial research design. The population of the study was students SMPN 1 Sakra Lombok Timur NTB. The sample is 64 students, divided into two classes. The research instrument is in the form of a questionnaire of social skills, a questionnaire of scientific attitudes, and tests of cognitive learning outcomes given at the beginning and end of the study. The data of the research were analyzed with Anakova two lanes. The results showed that (1) the students who used STAD type cooperative learning model differed significantly on the cognitive learning outcomes compared to the students who studied with direct learning, (2) the students who had high scientific attitude were not significantly different in the cognitive learning outcomes compared to the students with (3) there is no interaction effect between the learning model and the scientific attitude toward the students' cognitive learning outcomes, (4) the students who learn to use STAD type cooperative learning model differ significantly on social skills aspect than the students who learn by direct learning, 5) students who have a high scientific attitude are not significantly different in the aspects of social skills than students with low scientific attitude, (6) there is interaction influence between the learning model with the scientific attitude toward students' social skills.
The Death of the Da’i: The Autonomization of Religious Messages within Cyberspace
Authors: Rahman Fazlul
Published: February 2019

This paper attempts to explore the phenomenon of Islamic propagation (dakwah) on the Internet known as "e-dakwah." It problematizes the authority of religious messages within cyberspace vis a vis Internet’s anonymity. This 'cyber ethnographic' research shows that people in cyberscape are concerned more with the messages than their authors. This study confirms the autonomic truth of the messages as it is supported by Imam ‘Alī bin Abī Ṭālib’s popular argument “listen to what has been said, not who has said that." Consequently, the truth and acceptance of it in the dakwah activities or messages within cyberspace does not depend on the preachers (dā‘ī) and their professional capacity and intellectual knowledge, but on the object of dakwah (mad‘ū). This paper proposes the term “The death of the da’i,” which is adapted from Roland Barthes' term “The death of the author” in his image-music-text,  to discuss the phenomenon.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran dan Sikap Sosial Terhadap Hasil Belajar Sejarah SMA Negeri 24 Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Jati Andrian , Winarsih Murni , Sarkadi Sarkadi
Published: February 2019

The aim of this research is to the effect of learning models and social attitudes towards the learning outcomes of history in Tangerang District 24 High School. The type of research used is quantitative research by using 2x2 level treatment design experiment methods. The population consists of all students of class XI IIS. The sample consisted of two classes namely class XI IIS 1 and XI IIS 4. With a total of 60 people. The instruments used for learning outcomes are multiple choice tests and those used for social attitudes are questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that: (1) historical learning outcomes of students studying with the Two Stay-Two Stray (TSTS) learning model are higher than students who study with conventional learning models (2) there is an influence of interactions between learning models and students' social attitudes ( 3) historical learning outcomes of students who study with the Two Stay-Two Stray learning model (TSTS) and have a higher social attitude higher than students who study with conventional learning models and have high social attitudes (4) historical learning outcomes of students learning with models learning of Two Stay-Two Stray (TSTS) and having a low social attitude is lower than students who study with conventional learning models and have low social attitudes.

 

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran dan sikap sosial terhadap hasil belajar sejarah di SMA Negeri 24 Kabupaten Tangerang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen desain treatmen by level 2x2. Populasi terdiri dari seluruh siswa kelas XI IIS. Sampel terdiri dari dua kelas yaitu kelas XI IIS 1 dan XI IIS 4. Dengan jumlah 60 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk hasil belajar adalah tes pilihan ganda dan yang digunakan untuk sikap sosial adalah kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) hasil belajar sejarah siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran TSTS lebih tinggi dari siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional (2) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan sikap sosial siswa (3) hasil belajar sejarah siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran TSTS dan memiliki sikap sosial tinggi lebih tinggi dari siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional dan memiliki sikap sosial tinggi (4) hasil belajar sejarah siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran TSTS dan memiliki sikap sosial rendah lebih rendah dari siswa yang belajar dengan model pembelajaran konvensional dan memiliki sikap sosial rendah.
Lymphocyte Transformation Testing (LTT) in Cases of Pain Following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yang Steven , Dipane Matthew , Lu Conrad H. , Schmalzried Thomas P. , McPherson Edward J.
Published: February 2019

Background:

The utilization of lymphocyte transformation testing (LTT) has increased for diagnosing metal sensitivity associated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but its validity for the diagnosis of TKA failure due to an immune reaction has not been established. In this study, we sought to characterize the relationship of a positive LTT result to histopathologic findings and clinical and functional outcomes.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of 27 well-fixed, aseptic, primary TKA cases in which the patient had persistent pain and/or stiffness and underwent revision due to a suspected metal allergy to nickel, as determined on the basis of positive LTT. Revision procedures were performed by a single experienced arthroplasty surgeon. Periprosthetic tissue samples obtained at the time of revision surgery were scored using the aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL) scoring system.

Results:

Eight patients were categorized as mildly reactive; 8 patients, moderately reactive; and 11 patients, highly reactive to nickel by LTT. The predominant findings on routine histopathologic analysis were fibrosis and varying degrees of lymphocytic infiltration in 17 (63%) of the 27 cases. The average ALVAL score of the cohort was 3.1 ± 1.9, of a maximum score of 10. Average Knee Society Score (KSS) values improved post-revision, as did range of motion (all p < 0.01). Neither LTT stimulation index as a continuous variable nor as a categorical variable (mildly reactive, moderately reactive, highly reactive) was correlated with ALVAL score, pre-revision function (as assessed by KSS-clinical, KSS-functional, and range of motion), or change in function at the most recent follow-up (0.015 < r < 0.30, 0.13 < p < 0.95). In addition, the ALVAL score did not correlate significantly with either pre-revision or post-revision KSS or range of motion (0.061 < r < 0.365, 0.09 < p < 0.88).

Conclusions:

On the basis of this analysis, including histopathologic assessment, LTT results alone were insufficient for the diagnosis of TKA failure due to an immune reaction. A positive LTT may not indicate that an immune reaction is the cause of pain and stiffness post-TKA. The role of LTT in assessing TKA failure from an immune reaction needs further investigation. Diagnostic criteria for such TKA failure need to be established.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Predicting Risk of Contralateral Slip in Unilateral Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Maranho Daniel A. , Ferrer Mariana G. , Kim Young-Jo , Miller Patricia E. , Novais Eduardo N.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Femoral morphology may influence the etiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). We investigated whether radiographic parameters of femoral head-neck morphology are associated with a subsequent contralateral slip in patients presenting with unilateral SCFE.

Methods:

We evaluated 318 patients treated for unilateral SCFE between 2000 and 2017. There were 145 males (46%), and the mean age in the series was 12.4 ± 1.7 years. The patients were followed for a minimum of 18 months or until the development of a contralateral slip (70 patients, 22%). We measured the epiphyseal tilt, epiphyseal extension ratio, alpha angle, and epiphyseal angle of the uninvolved, contralateral hip at initial presentation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether femoral measurements were associated with the occurrence of a contralateral slip. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine optimal thresholds of radiographic measures to determine an increased risk of a contralateral slip. A number-needed-to-treat (NNT) analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the femoral measurement thresholds in preventing a contralateral slip.

Results:

Multivariable analysis, controlling for triradiate cartilage status, identified the lateral tilt angle and the superior epiphyseal extension ratio as independent factors associated with the likelihood of a contralateral slip. For each additional degree of posterior tilt, the odds of a contralateral slip increase by 8% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02 to 1.14; p = 0.008), and for each 0.01 increase in the superior epiphyseal extension ratio, the odds of a contralateral slip decrease by 6% (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.88 to 0.99; p = 0.03). A threshold for the epiphyseal tilt of 10° corresponded to a predicted probability of a contralateral slip of 54% in patients with open triradiate cartilage and an NNT of 3.3.

Conclusions:

In patients presenting with unilateral SCFE, a higher posterior tilt of the epiphysis increases the risk while an increased superior extension of the epiphysis reduces the risk of a contralateral slip. Our findings may assist the discussion about contralateral prophylactic pinning in patients with unilateral SCFE.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Reduced Myogenic and Increased Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity of Rotator Cuff Muscle Stem Cells
Authors: Schubert Manuel F. , Noah Andrew C. , Bedi Asheesh , Gumucio Jonathan P. , Mendias Christopher L.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Fat accumulation commonly occurs in chronically torn rotator cuff muscles, and increased fat within the rotator cuff is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. The extent of lipid deposition is particularly pronounced in injured rotator cuff muscles compared with other commonly injured muscles such as the gastrocnemius. Satellite cells, which are a tissue-resident muscle stem-cell population, can differentiate into fat cells. We hypothesized that satellite cells from the rotator cuff have greater intrinsic adipogenic differentiation potential than do gastrocnemius satellite cells, and this difference is due to variations in epigenetic imprinting between the cells.

Methods:

Satellite cells from gastrocnemius and rotator cuff muscles of mice were cultured in adipogenic media, and the capacity to differentiate into mature muscle cells and adipogenic cells was assessed (n ≥ 9 plates per muscle group). We also performed DNA methylation analysis of gastrocnemius and rotator cuff satellite cells to determine whether epigenetic differences were present between the 2 groups (n = 5 mice per group).

Results:

Compared with the gastrocnemius, satellite cells from the rotator cuff had a 23% reduction in myogenic differentiation and an 87% decrease in the expression of the differentiated muscle cell marker MRF4 (myogenic regulatory factor 4). With respect to adipogenesis, rotator cuff satellite cells had a 4.3-fold increase in adipogenesis, a 12-fold increase in the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), and a 65-fold increase in the adipogenic marker FABP4 (fatty-acid binding protein 4). Epigenetic analysis identified 355 differentially methylated regions of DNA between rotator cuff and gastrocnemius satellite cells, and pathway enrichment analysis suggested that these regions were involved with lipid metabolism and adipogenesis.

Conclusions:

Satellite cells from rotator cuff muscles have reduced myogenic and increased adipogenic differentiation potential compared with gastrocnemius muscles. There appears to be a cellular and genetic basis behind the generally poor rates of rotator cuff muscle healing.

Clinical Relevance:

The reduced myogenic and increased adipogenic capacity of rotator cuff satellite cells is consistent with the increased fat content and poor muscle healing rates often observed for chronically torn rotator cuff muscles. For patients undergoing rotator cuff repair, transplantation of autologous satellite cells from other muscles less prone to fatty infiltration may improve clinical outcomes.
PROBLEMÁTICA DEL CRÉDITO HIPOTECARIO EN EL CONCURSO DE ACREEDORES
Authors: Fortea Gorbe José Luis
Published: February 2019

En el artículo se examina la regulación sustantiva y la especial problemática del crédito hipotecario en el concurso de acreedores, mediante una aproximación resumida y práctica.
Spatial Soil Nutrient–Plant–Herbivore Linkages: A Case Study from Two Poultry Litter–Amended Pastures in Northwest Arkansas
Authors: Braden Indi S. , Ashworth Amanda J. , West Charles P.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Analysis of soils and forages across landscapes aids in targeted nutrient management.

Soil and plant relationships were identified on two beef farms and spatial scales.

Higher soil nutrients favored bermudagrass growth compared with tall fescue.

Grid sampling size impacts soil test values and site management.

Feeding and grazing strategies affect nutrient excretion and nutrient loss spatially.

Analysis of soils, forages, and landscapes can aid in targeting management of poultry litter and forage practices consistent with livestock production and water quality goals in watersheds with nutrient imbalances, such as in pastures of northwestern Arkansas. Objectives were to describe spatial relationships of soil and plant characteristics in litter‐amended pastures on two beef cow–calf farms in northwestern Arkansas. Fields were grid‐sampled for standing biomass, ground cover, soil nutrients, and vegetative composition at two sampling scales (14 and 60 m grids) for correlation analyses. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to identify relationships between soil and forage spatially and at two scales. For both scales on Farm A, positive correlations were found among exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg with organic matter. Correlations between pairs of soil variables were likely due to accumulated litter‐derived nutrients. Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cover was positively correlated with soil test P, dissolved reactive P, and K for the 14‐m sampling grid on Farm A, whereas tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] cover was negatively correlated with those soil variables on Farm B. This suggests that higher soil nutrient accumulations favored bermudagrass growth. Feeding and grazing strategies influence the amount and spatial pattern of nutrient excretion, which, in turn, affect the risk of nutrient loss and fertilizer requirements. These results document the influence of grid sampling size on soil test values for site management. Future GIS‐based studies will identify forage, soil, and terrain attributes in relation to P index mapping.
Beneficial Use of White and Indian Mustard Seed Meals to Enhance Plant Growth and Nutrient Uptake
Authors: Lewis Katie L. , Hons Frank M. , Gentry Terry J.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Mustard seed meals (SM) added to soil >56 days before planting cotton and sorghum reduced negative growth effects.

Mineral concentrations of cotton and sorghum were generally greater with SM and inorganic fertilizer treatments than the control.

Before use as an organic fertilizer, the source, rate, and timing of SM applications should be considered.

Oilseed crops have been widely evaluated for potential biodiesel production; however, for biodiesel to be economically and environmentally sustainable, feasible, and profitable means of by‐product (i.e., seed meal, SM) usage must also be developed. Utilization of SMs as a soil amendment in organic agricultural production systems offers one possible solution. This glasshouse study was conducted to determine the effects of mustard SMs (white mustard,Sinapis albaL., and Indian mustard,Brassica junceaL.) on aboveground growth and nutrient uptake by cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) and forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] compared to inorganic fertilizer. The soil used was a loamy fine sand with low plant‐available N, P, and K. Seed meals were applied to soil at 1.0 and 2.5% by weight of soil. Compositional analysis of SMs used in this experiment indicated that the materials should contain sufficient nutrients to support plant growth; however, glucosinolates contained in these materials can also inhibit plant growth. A SM incubation period of 56 d reduced negative crop growth effects and should result in increased nutrient availability. For each measured nutrient parameter of cotton and sorghum, SM and inorganic fertilizer treatments generally resulted in values greater than the control. Dry matter N concentrations of two harvests of each plant species were greatest with 2.5% SM, followed by 1.0% SM and fertilizer. Seed meal applications may enhance nutrient availability and plant uptake and growth; however, the source, rate, and timing of SM applications should be considered before use as an organic fertilizer.
Wet Agriculture in the Lowlands: Maize Marceña
Authors: Aguirre‐Rivera Juan Rogelio , Zavala‐Cruz Joel , Ortiz‐Ceballos Gustavo , Andrade‐Torres Antonio , Salgado‐Garcia Sergio , Ortiz‐Ceballos Angel Isauro
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

The milpa marceña is an ancient maize agrosystem on herbaceous wetlands “popals” in the dry season.

Three improved maize cultivars and the traditional cultivar mején were evaluated.

The mején cultivar showed the highest performance.

The milpa marceña is compatible with the hydrological dynamics of wetlands and without the use of industrial inputs.

Although herbaceous wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems and their functions provide benefits to humankind, they have been subjected to a number of disturbances over the past 65 yr. Wetlands have been drained to convert them into permanent agricultural land and urban areas, or used by the oil industry or for construction of hydroelectric dams. Moreover, little has been done to innovate the milpa marceña, an ancient maize (Zea mays L.) agrosystem on herbaceous wetlands dominated by hojilla (Thalia geniculata f. rheumoides) named popals in the dry season (March–June). From an agroecological perspective for improving milpa marceña, in a popal soil (Eutric Molic Gleysol), three improved maize cultivars (CP‐560, CP‐561, and CP‐562) and the traditional cultivar mején were evaluated under three planting densities (50,000, 53,000, and 60,000 plants ha–1) with no use of mineral fertilizers, herbicides, or pesticides. The results show that precipitation during the milpa marceña growth cycle was 50% lower than the amount required for a successful maize crop (>1 Mg ha–1), hence avoiding the risk of flooding. Maize cultivars take groundwater and nutrients from popal soil; however, these results suggest that cultivars were subject to N deficiency and water stress in the flowering stage. We concluded that the mején cultivar showed the highest performance, with 3.3 Mg ha–1, i.e., it has attributes not previously considered (e.g., plant × microbe interactions) in plant breeding programs for drought‐tolerant or flood‐tolerant cultivars. There is a need for further research and conservation on the use of popals.
Soil Fertility and Quality Response to Reduced Tillage and Diversified Cropping under Organic Management
Authors: Fernandez Myriam R. , Zentner Robert P. , Schellenberg Michael P. , Aladenola Olanike , Leeson Julia Y. , Luce Mervin St. , McConkey Brian G. , Cutforth Herb
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

A 6‐year organic field trial evaluated two tillage intensities (high and low) and two rotation sequences, simplified (wheat‐green manure) and diversified (wheat‐oilseed‐pulse‐green manure).

Soil moisture and NO3‐N content were highest in the simplified rotation under high tillage.

There were few soil P differences, although levels were higher for the low than high tillage in the simplified rotation.

Reduced tillage intensity tended to increase soil organic C and decreased the percentage of erodible soil particles.

Soil NO3‐N and PO4‐P content were also analyzed within the soil profile, down to 120 cm.

During the past few decades, organic crop production in Canada and beyond has become increasingly widespread. In the Canadian Prairies, organic agriculture has traditionally relied on summer fallow and mechanical tillage for nutrient and pest management. More recently, there has been a substantial increase in the use of legume green manure, diversified crop rotations, and reduced tillage. Our objective was to determine if organic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production using diversified crop rotations and reduced tillage could optimize production while minimizing its environmental impact within the Brown soil zone of Western Canada. A 6‐yr (2010 to 2015) field study evaluated two tillage intensities (high and low), and two rotation sequences, simplified (wheat–green manure) and diversified (wheat–oilseed–pulse–green manure). Precipitation throughout the study period was substantially greater than the long‐term mean. Spring soil NO3−N and P content were highest in the first years of this trial. Soil moisture and NO3−N content were highest in the simplified rotation under high tillage. There were few soil P differences, although levels were higher for the low than high tillage in the simplified rotation. Reduced tillage intensity tended to increase soil organic C and decreased the percentage of erodible soil particles. These soil quality changes would result in an increase in the soil’s resistance to wind and water erosion, thus promoting environmental sustainability.
Grain Yield and Quality of Organic Crops Grown under Reduced Tillage and Diversified Sequences
Authors: Fernandez Myriam R. , Zentner Robert P. , Schellenberg Michael P. , Leeson Julia Y. , Aladenola Olanike , McConkey Brian G. , St. Luce Mervin
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

An organic field trial in the Brown soil zone examined tillage intensity in a simplified (wheat‐green manure) and a diversified (wheat‐oilseed‐pulse‐green manure) cropping system.

Yield variation was explained more by precipitation and soil nitrate levels than by weed infestations.

Wheat yields were higher under high than low tillage, and in the simplified than the diversified rotation.

Protein concentration in wheat grain varied among years, and there was no negative association with yield.

Based on observations in the wet years this trial was conducted, the low tillage treatment did not appear to be viable for more than a few years.

Because of the increased consumer demand for organic products and expansion of organic production in the Canadian Prairies, development of organic cropping systems that help lower production costs and risks, while improving productivity and environmental sustainability is needed. A trial was conducted in the Brown soil zone (2010–2015) to examine tillage intensity (low vs. high) in a simplified (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]‐green manure), and a diversified (wheat‐oilseed‐pulse‐green manure) cropping system. Above‐average precipitation in the years this trial was run resulted in high weed infestations and persistent increases in perennial weeds over time, especially under low tillage. Grain yield was highest at the beginning of the trial (2010 and 2011), and lowest in its final year (2015), which was drier than the rest. Yield variation was explained more by precipitation and soil nitrate levels than by weed infestations. Overall, wheat yields were higher under high than low tillage, and in the simplified than the diversified rotation. Over the duration of this trial, yields under low tillage averaged about three quarters of the yield in a nearby conventional zero‐till trial. Protein concentration in wheat grain varied among years, and there was no negative association with yield, which might be explained by the release of mineralized N throughout the growing season. Protein was similar or higher than the average for commercial conventional wheat in this area. Based on observations in the wet years this trial was conducted, the low tillage treatment did not appear to be viable for more than a few years.
Brassica carinata Seeding Rate and Row Spacing Effects on Morphology, Yield, and Oil
Authors: Mulvaney Michael J. , Leon Ramon G. , Seepaul Ramdeo , Wright David L. , Hoffman Travis L.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Carinata growth and yield was influenced more by row spacing than seeding rate.

Rows spaced at 36 cm maximized carinata yield.

Carinata branching was favored by wider row spacing.

Carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) is an oilseed crop with potential as a winter crop in the southeastern United States to diversify crop rotations and provide biofuel production and livestock feed. The objective was to evaluate the effects of row spacing and seeding rate on carinata yield and oil composition. Field experiments were conducted in Jay and Quincy, FL, from 2013 to 2016 evaluating carinata growth, seed and oil yield, and oil composition grown in a factorial arrangement of four seeding rates (3, 6, 9, and 12 kg ha−1) and four row spacings (18, 36, 53, and 89 cm). No interactions between seeding rate and row spacing were detected. Seeding rate did not influence any of the variables studied. In contrast, row spacing affected seed and oil yield, branch production, and pods per plant. Seed yield (ranked from highest to lowest) was 2761, 2286, 1851, and 1572 kg ha−1 for rows spaced at 36, 18, 53, and 89 cm, respectively. Branching and pods per plant increased with row spacing. Neither seeding rate nor row spacing affected oil concentration and quality. Oil concentration averaged 40%, of which more than a third was erucic acid (C22:1). Protein concentration was 31%, and glucosinolate concentration was 93 μmol g−1. The results of the present study demonstrated that carinata can be successfully grown in the southeastern United States, reaching yields and oil quality similar to those reported at other latitudes, and can be a source of biofuel, protein for animal feed, and cropping system diversification for growers.
Model for the performance of photovoltaic systems
Authors: Souza Amaury de
Published: February 2019

In this article, the future in photovoltaic energy productivity (PVE) is evaluated using climate variables simulated aerosol clearness index and solar irradiance, it is a model for the performance of photovoltaic systems. The analysis indicates that the aerosol emission reductions in the near future result in an increase in global warming with a significant response of the solar surface radiation and associated PVE productivity. Changes in radiation surface and productivity of solar PVE are related to overall reduction in aerosol effects on the circulation and large scale associated with cloud coverage pattern, rather than local atmospheric effects on optical properties. PVE evaluation is then discussed in the context of the current situation and the PV market highlighting the effects on productivity induced by industrial and public policies, while technological development are comparable to the effects related to the weather. The results presented encourage the improvement and further use of climate models in the assessment of future availability for renewable energy.
Evaluación ecotoxicológica y fisicoquímica de la calidad del agua en el Río Pasto a través de un Índice Fuzzy de Calidad
Authors: Herrera Santiago Gómez , Madroñero Félix David Rivera , Delgado Sandra Milena Enríquez , Eraso Mario Alberto Jurado
Published: February 2019

En los últimos años, los métodos basados en lógica difusa han demostrado ser apropiados para abordar la incertidumbre y la subjetividad en los problemas ambientales. En el presente estudio, se usó una prueba de fitotoxicidad utilizando semillas de Lactuca sativa y parámetros fisicoquímicos para evaluar la calidad del agua del Río Pasto (Colombia), actualmente contaminado por vertimiento industriales ligados al curtido de pieles animales, a través del Índice Fuzzy de Calidad del Agua. El modelo adaptado tuvo en cuenta parámetros como oxígeno disuelto, pH, demanda química de oxigeno, conductividad eléctrica, sólidos suspendidos totales y la concentración efectiva que inhiba el 50% de la germinación de las semillas (CE50). Los resultados arrojados por el software Matlab, muestran que la calidad del agua del Río Pasto presenta una tendencia a la baja y su estado general es Regular, concluyendo así que dichas aguas tienen un efecto toxicológico lo suficientemente nocivo para inhibir el desarrollo normal de Lactuca sativa.
O consumo e a utilização das sacolas plásticas no Distrito Federal, Brasil, como produto de armazenamento: análise do ambiente em que estão inseridas
Authors: Leite Leyna Gimena de Matos , Karl Ana
Published: February 2019

No Brasil são produzidos cerca de 3 milhões de toneladas de plástico. Atualmente, 10% do lixo brasileiro são compostos por sacolas plásticas e cada brasileiro utiliza 19 kg de sacolas por ano. Para se dimensionar a gravidade da situação ora vivenciada no país, o Estado do Rio de Janeiro consome um bilhão de sacos plásticos por ano e gasta R$ 15 milhões para dragar rios e tentar retirar os plásticos que provocam danos à natureza. As sacolas distribuídas nos supermercados são produzidas com polietileno de baixa densidade, mais conhecido como plástico-filme, podendo ocasionar prejuízos ao meio ambiente. Neste sentido, o presente estudo busca observar os aspectos socioeconômicos e culturais implantados pelo uso das sacolas plásticas e identificar a política ambiental, bem como a prática de consumo adotado pelos habitantes do Distrito Federal. Assim, foi realizado um estudo de caso através de pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo para a análise da questão, onde todos os entrevistados estão cientes dos impactos que são causados pelo uso da sacola tradicional, porém mais de 50% não se dispõem a pagar pela sacola biodegradável, bem como 33% disseram descartar os resíduos sólidos de suas casas diariamente e mais de 40% relatam não ter o hábito de separar o lixo para enviar à reciclagem. Estes resultados mostram que a utilização das sacolas plásticas acontece por uma questão cultural e de comodidade e a maioria se predispõem ao uso de alternativas diferentes ao da sacola comum.
ANALISIS PENGARUH AKREDITASI PROGRAM STUDI TERHADAP INTENSITAS BELAJAR DAN HARAPAN MASA DEPAN (Studi Kasus di Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Walisongo Semarang)
Authors: Nisa Eva Khoirun
Published: February 2019

The quality of a study program is assessed from the results of accreditation. Accreditation is also one of the requirements in applying for a job in a public or private institution. The hope is that the results of university accreditation will be satisfactory when students graduate from the college. With the Friedman test statistic, it can be seen the effect of the study program accreditation in the Faculty of Science and Technology on the learning intensity and future expectations in this study. It turned out that descriptively, the A study program's accreditation motivated students to study diligently and students really hoped to get a job or reputable college for further studies. In contrast, the students from study programs are accredited B, and C have medium and low learning intensity. Their hopes of getting a good job or place of further study are almost ordinary or almost nonexistent.
Stable isotope tracers as diagnostic tools in studying water sources in a humid bamboo watershed during the plum rainfall events
Authors: Gou Jianfeng , Qu Simin , Shi Peng , Li Dachen , Chen Xueqiu , Chen Yingbin , Si Wei , Xie Yongyu
Published: February 2019

This study investigates the temporal variation of stable isotopic composition in precipitation, soil water, and streamflow water during the plum rainfall events in an upland headwater watershed which is mainly covered with bamboo. The results show that the isotopic composition of various water sources exhibit significant temporal variation. The local meteoric water line is established by using the relationship between the stable isotope of oxygen-18 and deuterium, which is slightly different from the meteoric water line of China. The isotopic temporal variation of precipitation is closely related to exchange effect between raindrops and environmental vapor, evaporation fractionation and rainfall intensity. The isotopic variation of shallow soil water is mainly determined by canopy interception, ground evaporation and the mixing with pre-event water; as for the isotopic variation of deep soil water, it is virtually influenced by pre-event water. The most enriched isotopic composition of streamflow and deuterium excess (d-excess) differences between streamflow and rainfall both indicate that streamflow is recharged not only by event water but also by pre-event water. Hence, a better understanding of precipitation formation and the hydrological response under the plum rainfall system may be instructive for the management of water resources in humid watersheds in southern China.
Primer ve Reküren Pterijiumlu Hastalarda Konjonktivolimbal Otogreft Tekniği Sonuçlarımız
Authors: Ertan Elif , Doğan Mustafa , Alızada Anar
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada primer ve reküren pterijiumda konjonktivolimbal otogreft cerrahisinin sonuçlarını
değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2012—Aralık 2016 döneminde Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Hastanesi
Göz Kliniği’nde primer ve reküren pterijium nedeniyle konjonktivolimbal otogreft cerrahisi
yapılan hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 130 hasta dahil edildi; 18 hastanın 19 gözünde reküren pterijium,
112 hastanın 131 gözünde primer pterijium vardı. Ameliyat edilen hastaların 66’sı kadın, 64’ü
erkekti. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 62,60±1,16 (25–89) yıl idi. Ameliyat sonrası takiplerde 5 (%3,3)
gözde sütüre bağlı enflamasyon, 1 (%0,66) gözde dellen, 6 (%3,9) gözde nüks saptandı. Bunlar
dışında hiçbir komplikasyona rastlanmadı.
Tartışma ve Sonuç: Primer ve reküren pterijium tedavisinde, konjonktivolimbal otogreft transplantasyonu
düşük nüks oranlarına sahip, etkili ve güvenilir bir yöntemdir