bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin ameliorates cognitive deficits through improving mitophagy in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Chongyang , Yang Chao , Wang Jing , Huang Xi , Yu Haitao , Li Shangming , Li Shupeng , Zhang Zaijun , Liu Jianjun , Yang Xifei , Liu Gong‐Ping
Published: October 2021

While melatonin is known to have protective effects in mitochondria‐related diseases, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders, there is poor understanding of the effects of melatonin treatment on mitophagy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We used proteomic analysis to investigate the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of oral melatonin treatment on mitophagy in the hippocampus of 4‐month‐old wild‐type mice versus age‐matched 5 × FAD mice, an animal model of AD. 5 × FAD mice showed disordered mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction as revealed by increased mtDNA, mitochondrial marker proteins and MDA production, decreased electron transport chain proteins and ATP levels, and co‐localization of Lamp1 and Tomm20. Melatonin treatment reversed the abnormal expression of proteins in the signaling pathway of lysosomes, pathologic phagocytosis of microglia, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Moreover, melatonin restored mitophagy by improving mitophagosome–lysosome fusion via Mcoln1, and thus, ameliorated mitochondrial functions, attenuated Aβ pathology, and improved cognition. Concurrent treatment with chloroquine and melatonin blocked the positive behavioral and biochemical effects of administration with melatonin alone. Taken in concert, these results suggest that melatonin reduces AD‐related deficits in mitophagy such that the drug should be considered as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD.
Adjunctive Er:YAG laser in non‐surgical periodontal therapy of patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A split‐mouth randomized controlled study
Authors: Feng Chenchen , Ding Yi , Tang Liqin , Gui Yong , Shen Xiaoyun , He Linlin , Lu Xinyan , Leung Wai Keung
Published: October 2021

Background and Objective

Limited studies are available comparing the outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with or without adjunctive Er:YAG laser (ERL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the effects of ERL adjunctive NSPT on single‐rooted teeth of inadequately controlled T2DM patients with periodontitis.

Methods

Twenty‐two inadequately controlled T2DM participants with periodontitis were recruited. Adopting a double‐blinded split‐mouth design and under block randomization, we investigated the effects of ERL in calculus removal then degranulation mode, or a sham treatment, adjunct NSPT, which included two visits of full‐mouth root surface debridement delivered within 4–10 days, to test or control single‐rooted teeth (Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, trial 2017‐016). We followed periodontal parameters (plaque %, bleeding on probing [BOP] %, probing pocket depth [PPD], probing attachment level [PAL]) and selected systemic parameters (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c%], high sensitivity C‐reactive protein) at baseline, one, three, and six months after periodontal treatment.

Results

The study was completed as planned. Periodontal parameters, FPG and HbA1c% of the 22 participants appeared significantly improved at six months (p < 0.001). The 44 ERL treated, compared to 44 sham treated single‐rooted teeth exhibited significant improvement in BOP, mean PPD, and mean PAL at various postoperative follow‐up time points (effect size ≥0.44; p < 0.001). No adverse event was reported.

Conclusion

Periodontal treatment outcomes in the T2DM patients with inadequate glycemic control were better in the single‐rooted teeth received ERL adjunct NSPT. Further studies are warranted to confirm the observations reported in this short‐term clinical study.
Pharmacokinetics and milk excretion pattern of eprinomectin at different dose rates in dairy cattle
Authors: Ballent Mariana , Canton Candela , Dominguez Paula , Mate Laura , Ceballos Laura , Lanusse Carlos , Lifschitz Adrian
Published: October 2021

This study aimed at determining the plasma disposition kinetics of eprinomectin (EPM) and EPM excretion pattern through milk after topical administration to dairy cattle at the recommended dose of 0.5 mg/kg and at 1 and 1.5 mg/kg. A high variability in the plasma concentration profiles was observed among animals, particularly in the Cmax values, with a coefficient of variation between 39 and 53%. The Cmax and AUC values were significantly affected by the dose administered at 1.5 mg/kg. However, such differences did not seem to follow a linear pattern among treatments. These parameters did not differ among dose rates after dose normalization; nevertheless, the simulation of a linear kinetic disposition showed a mean plasma AUC value of 254 ng.d/ml instead of the observed value of 165 ng.d/ml. EPM concentration profiles in milk were significantly lower than those measured in plasma. The Cmax and AUC milk‐to‐plasma ratios ranged from 0.14 to 0.26 and 0.16 to 0.21, respectively (p>0.05). The low milk‐to‐plasma ratio of EPM accounted for a low percentage of the fraction of the administered dose excreted through milk, being significantly higher at a dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg (0.07%) of EPM than at 1.5 mg/kg (0.04%) (p<0.05). The topical administration of EPM to lactating dairy cows at higher doses than that recommended for gastrointestinal nematodes showed a milk excretion pattern with a zero milk withdrawal period. In conclusion, the administration of topical EPM formulation at 1 or 1.5 mg/kg may be a valuable tool to be used in regional strategic deworming programs aimed to control ectoparasite infections in dairy production systems.
The impact of natural disturbance dynamics on lichen diversity and composition in primary mountain spruce forests
Authors: Langbehn Thomas , Hofmeister Jeňýk , Svitok Marek , Mikoláš Martin , Matula Radim , Halda Josef , Svobodová Kristýna , Pouska Václav , Kameniar Ondrej , Kozák Daniel , Janda Pavel , Čada Vojtěch , Bače Radek , Frankovič Michal , Vostarek Ondřej , Gloor Rhiannon , Svoboda Miroslav
Published: October 2021

Aim

Natural disturbances influence forest structure, successional dynamics and consequently, the distribution of species through time and space. We quantified the long‐term impacts of natural disturbances on lichen species richness and composition in primary mountain forests, with a particular focus on the occurrence of endangered species.

Location

Ten primary mountain spruce forest stands across five mountain chains of the Western Carpathians, a European hotspot of biodiversity.

Methods

Living trees, snags and downed logs were surveyed for epiphytic and epixylic lichens in 57 plots. Using reconstructed disturbance history, we tested how lichen species richness and composition was affected by the current forest structure and disturbance regimes in the past 250 years. We also examined differences in community composition among discrete microhabitats.

Results

Dead standing trees as biological legacies of natural disturbances promoted lichen species richness and the occurrence of threatened species at the plot scale, suggesting improved growing conditions for rare and common lichens during the early stages of recovery post disturbance. However, high‐severity disturbances compromised plot‐scale species richness. Both species richness and the number of old‐growth specialists increased with time since disturbance (i.e., long‐term uninterrupted succession). No lichen species was strictly dependent on live trees as a habitat, but numerous species showed specificity to logs, standing objects or an admixture of tree species.

Conclusions

Lichen species richness was lower in regenerating, young and uniform plots compared with overmature and recently disturbed areas. Natural forest dynamics and its legacies are critical to the diversity and species composition of lichens. Spatio‐temporal consequences of natural dynamics require a sufficient area of protected forests for provisioning continual habitat variability at the landscape scale. Ongoing climatic changes may further accentuate this necessity. Hence, we highlighted the need to protect the last remaining primary forests to ensure the survival of regionally unique species pools of lichens.
Comparative and predictive phylogeography in the South American diagonal of open formations: Unravelling the biological and environmental influences on multitaxon demography
Authors: Bonatelli Isabel A. S. , Gehara Marcelo , Carstens Bryan C. , Colli Guarino R. , Moraes Evandro M.
Published: October 2021

Phylogeography investigates historical drivers of the geographical distribution of intraspecific lineages. Particular attention has been given to ecological, climatic and geological processes in the diversification of the Neotropical biota. Several species sampled across the South American diagonal of open formations (DOF), comprising the Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco biomes, experienced range shifts coincident with Quaternary climatic changes. However, comparative studies across different spatial, temporal and biological scales on DOF species are still meagre. Here, we combine phylogeographical model selection and machine learning predictive frameworks to investigate the influence of Pleistocene climatic changes on several plant and animal species from the DOF. We assembled mitochondrial/chloroplastic DNA sequences in public repositories and inferred the demographic responses of 44 species, comprising 70 intraspecific lineages of plants, lizards, frogs, spiders and insects. We then built a random forest model using biotic and abiotic information to identify the best predictors of demographic responses in the Pleistocene. Finally, we assessed the temporal synchrony of species demographic responses with hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation. Biotic variables related to population connectivity, gene flow and habitat preferences largely predicted how species responded to Pleistocene climatic changes, and demographic changes were synchronous primarily during the Middle Pleistocene. Although 22 (~31%) lineages underwent demographic expansion, presumably associated with the spread of aridity during the glacial Pleistocene periods, our findings suggest that nine lineages (~13%) exhibited the opposite response due to taxon‐specific attributes.
Genetic diversity and the origins of parthenogenesis in the teiid lizard Aspidoscelis laredoensis
Authors: Barley Anthony J. , Cordes James E. , Walker James M. , Thomson Robert C.
Published: October 2021

Unisexual vertebrates typically form through hybridization events between sexual species in which reproductive mode transitions occur in the hybrid offspring. This evolutionary history is thought to have important consequences for the ecology of unisexual lineages and their interactions with congeners in natural communities. However, these consequences have proven challenging to study owing to uncertainty about patterns of population genetic diversity in unisexual lineages. Of particular interest is resolving the contribution of historical hybridization events versus post formational mutation to patterns of genetic diversity in nature. Here we use restriction site associated DNA genotyping to evaluate genetic diversity and demographic history in Aspidoscelis laredoensis, a diploid unisexual lizard species from the vicinity of the Rio Grande River in southern Texas and northern Mexico. The sexual progenitor species from which one or more lineages are derived also occur in the Rio Grande Valley region, although patterns of distribution across individual sites are quite variable. Results from population genetic and phylogenetic analyses resolved the major axes of genetic variation in this species and highlight how these match predictions based on historical patterns of hybridization. We also found discordance between results of demographic modelling using different statistical approaches with the genomic data. We discuss these insights within the context of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that generate and maintain lineage diversity in unisexual species. As one of the most dynamic, intriguing, and geographically well investigated groups of whiptail lizards, these species hold substantial promise for future studies on the constraints of diversification in unisexual vertebrates.
Explicit teaching in the operating room: Adding the why to the what
Authors: Nieboer Patrick , Huiskes Mike , Cnossen Fokie , Stevens Martin , Bulstra Sjoerd K. , Jaarsma Debbie A. D. C.
Published: October 2021

Context

Residents need their supervisors in the operating room to inform them on how to use expertise in present and future occasions. A few studies hint at such explicit teaching behaviour, however without explaining its underlying mechanisms. Understanding and improving explicit teaching becomes more salient nowadays, as access of residents to relevant procedures is decreasing, while end‐terms of training programs remain unchanged: high quality patient care.

Objectives

A structured analysis of (1) the practices supervisors use for explicit teaching and (2) how supervisors introduce explicit teaching in real time during surgical procedures.

Methods

An observational qualitative collection study in which all actions of nine supervisor–resident dyads during a total hip replacement procedure were videotaped. Interactions in which supervisors explicitly or implicitly inform residents how to use their expertise now and in future occasions were included for further analysis, using the iterative inductive process of conversation analysis.

Results

1. Supervisors used a basic template of if/then rules for explicit teaching, which they regularly customised by adding metaphors, motivations, and information about preference, prevalence and consequence.

2. If/then rules are introduced by supervisors to solve a (potential) problem in outcome for the present patient in reaction to local circumstances, for example, what residents said, did or were about to do.

Conclusions

If/then rules add the why to the what. Supervisors upgrade residents' insights in surgical procedures (professional vision) and teach the degree of individual freedom and variation of their expert standards for future occasions. These insights can be beneficial in improving supervisors' teaching skills.
Vendetta and Jihadist Infighting
Authors: Souleimanov Emil A. , Colombo Roberto
Published: October 2021

Reflecting on the rise of jihadist groups across the world, the burgeoning literature has focused on the threat posed by such groups to their non‐jihadist adversaries, while paying less attention to the widespread incidents of jihadist infighting. According to various estimates, thousands of jihadists have been killed in inter‐jihadist civil wars since 2014 alone. While the extant research has interpreted these clashes as a consequence of power outbidding, sectarian splits, and political competition, the driving incentive behind jihadist infighting has so far escaped scholarly attention. This article is the first in the literature to explain jihadist infighting as a consequence of deeply embedded sociocultural norms, namely, of the custom of vendetta.
The notorious neurophilosophy of pain: A family resemblance approach to idiosyncrasy and generalizability
Authors: Coninx Sabrina
Published: October 2021

Pain continues to be one of the most controversial subjects in neurophilosophy. One focus of current debates is the apparent absence of an ideal brain‐based biomarker that could function as a coherent and distinct indicator for pain. One prominent reaction to this in the philosophical literature is scientific pain eliminativism. In this article, I argue for a non‐eliminative alternative that builds on family resemblances and provides a useful heuristic in the tradeoff between the idiosyncrasy of the neural processes corresponding to different pain cases and the demand for generalizability in pain research.
A new species of Centaurea (Asteraceae) from northern Turkey
Authors: Duman Hayri , Uzunhisarcıklı Mehmet Erkan , Bahadır Yağmur Noyan
Published: October 2021

A new species of Centaurea sect. Phalolepis (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated from Turkey. This species was collected from Vezirköprü district (Samsun Province) in north Anatolia. Centaurea isilae sp. nov. is morphologically similar to C. lycia and C. cadmea ssp. pontica from which it differs mainly in basal leaves, upper leaves and achene features. Comprehensive descriptions and comparison of the new species and closely related species, ecology, conservation status, pollen morphology, a distribution map and detailed illustrations of the new species are given.
Physiological roles of Casparian strips and suberin in the transport of water and solutes
Authors: Calvo‐Polanco Monica , Ribeyre Zoe , Dauzat Myriam , Reyt Guilhem , Hidalgo‐Shrestha Christopher , Diehl Patrick , Frenger Marc , Simonneau Thierry , Muller Bertrand , Salt David E. , Franke Rochus B. , Maurel Christophe , Boursiac Yann
Published: October 2021

The formation of Casparian strips (CS) and the deposition of suberin at the endodermis of plant roots are thought to limit the apoplastic transport of water and ions. We investigated the specific role of each of these apoplastic barriers in the control of hydro‐mineral transport by roots and the consequences on shoot growth.

A collection of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in suberin deposition and/or CS development was characterized under standard conditions using a hydroponic system and the Phenopsis platform.

Mutants altered in suberin deposition had enhanced root hydraulic conductivity, indicating a restrictive role for this compound in water transport. In contrast, defective CS directly increased solute leakage and indirectly reduced root hydraulic conductivity. Defective CS also led to a reduction in rosette growth, which was partly dependent on the hydro‐mineral status of the plant. Ectopic suberin was shown to partially compensate for defective CS phenotypes.

Altogether, our work shows that the functionality of the root apoplastic diffusion barriers greatly influences the plant physiology, and that their integrity is tightly surveyed.
The three‐dimensional construction of leaves is coordinated with water use efficiency in conifers
Authors: Trueba Santiago , Théroux‐Rancourt Guillaume , Earles J. Mason , Buckley Thomas N. , Love David , Johnson Daniel M. , Brodersen Craig
Published: October 2021

Conifers prevail in the canopies of many terrestrial biomes, holding a great ecological and economic importance globally. Current increases in temperature and aridity are imposing high transpirational demands and resulting in conifer mortality. Therefore, identifying leaf structural determinants of water use efficiency is essential for predicting physiological impacts due to environmental variation.

Using synchrotron‐generated microtomography imaging, we extracted leaf volumetric anatomy and stomatal traits in 34 species across conifers with a special focus on Pinus, the richest conifer genus.

We show that intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) is positively driven by leaf vein volume. Needle‐like leaves of Pinus, as opposed to flat leaves or flattened needles of other genera, showed lower mesophyll porosity, decreasing the relative mesophyll volume. This led to increased ratios of stomatal pore number per mesophyll or intercellular airspace volume, which emerged as powerful explanatory variables, predicting both stomatal conductance and WUEi.

Our results clarify how the three‐dimensional organisation of tissues within the leaf has a direct impact on plant water use and carbon uptake. By identifying a suite of structural traits that influence important physiological functions, our findings can help to understand how conifers may respond to the pressures exerted by climate change.
Soil salinization accelerates microbiome stabilization in iterative selections for plant performance
Authors: King William L. , Kaminsky Laura M. , Gannett Maria , Thompson Grant L. , Kao‐Kniffin Jenny , Bell Terrence H.
Published: October 2021

Climate change‐related soil salinization increases plant stress and decreases productivity. Soil microorganisms are thought to reduce salt stress through multiple mechanisms, so diverse assemblages could improve plant growth under such conditions. Previous studies have shown that microbiome selection can promote desired plant phenotypes, but with high variability. We hypothesized that microbiome selection would be more consistent in saline soils by increasing potential benefits to the plants.

In both salt‐amended and untreated soils, we transferred forward Brassica rapa root microbiomes (from high‐biomass or randomly selected pots) across six planting generations while assessing bacterial (16S rRNA) and fungal (ITS) composition in detail. Uniquely, we included an add‐back control (re‐adding initial frozen soil microbiome) as a within‐generation reference for microbiome and plant phenotype selection.

We observed inconsistent effects of microbiome selection on plant biomass across generations, but microbial composition consistently diverged from the add‐back control. Although salt amendment strongly impacted microbial composition, it did not increase the predictability of microbiome effects on plant phenotype, but it did increase the rate at which microbiome selection plateaued.

These data highlight a disconnect in the trajectories of microbiomes and plant phenotypes during microbiome selection, emphasizing the role of standard controls to explain microbiome selection outcomes.
Location matters: from changing a presumption about the Citrus tristeza virus tissue tropism to understanding the stem pitting disease
Authors: Sun Yong‐Duo , Folimonova Svetlana Y.
Published: October 2021

Stem pitting is a common virus‐induced disease phenotype that tremendously impacts growth of perennial woody plants. How stem pitting develops in the infected trees remains unclear.

Here, we assessed the development of stem pits upon infection of citrus by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), which has been regarded as ‘phloem‐limited’. By taking advantage of a highly susceptible virus host – Citrus macrophylla – and a CTV isolate lacking a viral effector – the p33 protein, the development pattern of stem pitting was revealed via time‐course observations and histological analyses.

The stem pits result from the virus‐colonized nonlignified ‘gumming’ malformations which are initiated by virus invasion into multiple spatially separated tissue layers – protophloem, metaphloem, and, unexpectedly, metaxylem. Notably, invasion of CTV into the unspecialized metaxylem cells interrupted the differentiation of the xylem tracheary elements. With the radial spread of CTV into the adjacent cells towards the stem periphery, the clusters of virus‐colonized immature metaxylem cells extended in size, merging, at a certain stage, with virus‐bearing cells in the protophloem and metaphloem layers.

Collectively, our data provide a new insight into the process of the stem pitting development and the role of the xylem tissue in the virus pathogenicity.
Transdermal anti‐inflammatory therapy for aqueous deficiency
Authors: McMonnies Charles W
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Lacrimal gland inflammation has been identified as an important limitation on aqueous production and associated dry eye disease. Ocular surface inflammation in dry eye disease can be a downstream response to reduced quantities of warmer hyperosmotic aqueous being delivered from an inflamed lacrimal gland with high concentrations of inflammatory mediators. This review examines evidence which shows how topical applications of anti‐inflammatory drugs have very limited access to the lacrimal gland and an associated limited capacity to increase aqueous flow by reducing inflammation in the main lacrimal gland.

Recent findings

Using cyclosporine as an exemplar immunomodulatory drug, this review examines problems associated with the topical administration of all anti‐inflammatory drugs in the treatment of dry eye disease.

Limited access to the lacrimal gland for topical applications and their very short on‐eye residence times are compared with the therapeutic potential of prolonged therapeutic episodes that could be achieved with transdermal applications of a drug to the skin at the site of the lacrimal gland. Poor access to the lacrimal gland for topically administered drugs is a major barrier to the treatment of aqueous deficiency. While topical inflammatory drug access to the ocular surface is direct, poor access to the lacrimal gland is partly due to drop placement being downstream to the flow of aqueous (Eye Vis 2020;7:1; Eye Vis 2019;6:1). This barrier is much greater according to the degree that reflex tear flow is stimulated by irritation associated with adverse drop temperature, and/or pH and/or tonicity for example.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound to confirm endotracheal tube cuff position in relationship to the cricoid in the pediatric population
Authors: Wani Tariq M. , John Jiju , Rehman Saif , Bhaskar Pradeep , Sahabudheen Aslam F , Mahfoud Ziyad R. , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: October 2021

Background

Anatomically, the subglottic area and the cricoid ring are the narrowest portions of the larynx. To limit the potential for damage related to mucosal pressure injuries from the presence of an endotracheal tube, the cuff should be placed below the cricoid in children. Previously, no clinical or imaging method has been used in real time to determine the exact location of the endotracheal tube cuff after endotracheal intubation. Point‐of‐care ultrasound may provide an option as a safe and rapid means of visualizing the endotracheal tube cuff and its relationship to the cricoid ring thereby achieving ideal endotracheal tube cuff positioning—below the cricoid.

Methods

In this prospective, nonrandomized trial, point‐of‐care ultrasound was used following endotracheal intubation in children to evaluate the position of the endotracheal tube cuff in relationship to the cricoid and tracheal rings. After anesthesia was induced and the trachea was intubated, the endotracheal tube cuff and its position in relation to the cricoid and tracheal rings were identified in the longitudinal plane using point‐of‐care ultrasound. With the patient's neck in a neutral position, the level of the proximal (cephalad) margin of the saline‐filled cuff of the endotracheal tube was identified and recorded in relationship to the cricoid and tracheal rings. The ideal position is defined as the cephalad margin of the endotracheal tube cuff below the level of the cricoid.

Results

The study cohort included 80 patients, ranging in age from 1 to 78 months. In all patients, the cuff of the ETT, cricoid, and tracheal rings were identified. The cephalad end of the endotracheal tube cuff was found at the level of the cricoid in 16.3% of patients, at the first tracheal ring in 27.5% of patients, at the second tracheal ring in 23.8% of patients, at the third tracheal ring in 17.5% of patients, and at below the fourth tracheal ring in 15% of patients. Initial endotracheal tube cuff position had no significant association with age, height, weight, endotracheal tube size, and endotracheal tube type.

Conclusion

Point‐of‐care ultrasound provides a rapid and effective means of identifying the position of the endotracheal tube cuff in relationship to the cricoid ring. The technique may have applications in the perioperative arena, emergency departments, and intensive care units.
Age differences in affective responses to inclusion experience: A daily diary study
Authors: Li Yixuan , Kleshinski Catherine E. , Wilson Kelly Schwind , Zhang Kaili
Published: October 2021

The global trend of increasing age diversity in workforces has called for research on understanding and managing age differences to better integrate employees across the lifespan into organizations. Integrating aging and lifespan development research and inclusion work, we conduct a daily diary study to investigate age differences in employees’ responses to inclusion experience on a daily basis. In light of socioemotional selectivity theory, we argue that older workers exhibit stronger affective shifts (i.e., increase or upshift in positive affect and decrease or downshift in negative affect) in response to inclusion experience because they are likely to put higher value on social relationships, such that the daily effects of inclusion experience on changes in positive and negative affect are stronger for older (vs. younger) workers through the mediating mechanism of relationship value. We tested our hypotheses by surveying 128 employees from a manufacturing company for 10 consecutive workdays (N = 1248). We found that the daily effects of inclusion experience on affective changes were stronger for older workers through the mediation of higher relationship value. Changes in positive and negative affect, in turn, related to employees’ work engagement over the course of a workday. Our study serves as an important initial step that examines age differences in affective responses to daily inclusion and sheds light on the importance of promoting workplace inclusion for older workers in particular.
Improving equitable access to care via telemedicine in rural public libraries
Authors: DeGuzman Pamela B. , Abooali Setareh , Jain Neha , Scicchitano Alec , Siegfried Zachary C.
Published: October 2021

Objective

Rural public libraries have been proposed as ideal locations from which individuals can access a telemedicine visit, but limited adoption of this practice suggests significant barriers remain. The purpose of this study was to determine rural public librarians’ perspectives on the benefits and barriers to offering patrons the ability to use their public library for a telemedicine video visit, and to suggest strategies for moving this practice forward.

Design

Qualitative content analysis.

Sample

Fifteen rural US librarians and library directors.

Measurements

Individual interviews were conducted to determine perspectives on the benefits of and barriers to implementing telemedicine in public libraries.

Results

We identified four themes from the data: rural public libraries increase healthcare access in a trustworthy location, librarians are supportive of telemedicine, but have concerns, limited resources drive barriers to telemedicine implementation in rural libraries, and small rural libraries continued in‐person service during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Rural public libraries can be an important part of achieving equitable access to care, particularly with regard to chronic disease management in rural populations. Rural public health nurses can be instrumental in promoting collaborations between local libraries and regional health systems that may help libraries overcome financial barriers to this practice.
The Japanese Society of Pathology Practical Guidelines on the handling of pathological tissue samples for cancer genomic medicine
Authors: Hatanaka Yutaka , Kuwata Takeshi , Morii Eiichi , Kanai Yae , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Kubo Takashi , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Sakai Kazuko , Nishio Kazuto , Fujii Satoshi , Okamoto Wataru , Yoshino Takayuki , Ochiai Atsushi , Oda Yoshinao
Published: October 2021

Clinical cancer genomic testing based on next‐generation sequencing can help select genotype‐matched therapy and provide diagnostic and prognostic information. Pathological tissue from malignant tumors obtained during routine practice are frequently used for genomic testing. This article is aimed to standardize the proper handling of pathological specimens in practice for genomic medicine based on the findings established in “Guidelines on the handling of pathological tissue samples for genomic medicine (in Japanese)” published by The Japanese Society of Pathology (JSP) in 2018. The two‐part practical guidelines are based on empirical data analyses; Part 1 describes the standard preanalytic operating procedures for tissue collection, processing, and storage of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples, while Part 2 describes the assessment and selection of FFPE samples appropriate for genomic testing, typically conducted by a pathologist. The guidelines recommend that FFPE sample blocks be used within 3 years from preparation, and the tumor content should be ≥30% (minimum 20%). The empirical data were obtained from clinical studies performed by the JSP in collaboration with leading Japanese cancer genome research projects. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) recommended to comply with the JSP practical guidelines in implementing cancer genomic testing under the national health insurance system in over 200 MHLW‐designated core and cooperative cancer genome medicine hospitals in Japan.
Future Imaginings: Public and Personal Culture, Social Location, and the Shaping of Dreams*†
Authors: Cerulo Karen A. , Ruane Janet M.
Published: October 2021

Using data derived from focus groups, interviews, and the content analysis of widely circulated cultural scripts on dreaming, we document the social patterning of people’s future imaginings. People attend to, store, and activate different cultural scripts in building dreams for the future. These scripts derive from “pubic culture”—widely available repertoires, including values and beliefs; concepts; story frames, scripts, and narratives; customs, practices, and rules. We show that one’s “social location”—where class, race, or gender place people in social space—influences the particular cultural scripts ingrained in people’s minds. We also show that people use different forms of “personal culture” (nondeclarative and declarative, along with their accompanying cognitive styles) in expressing their dreams to others. Those attuned to the dominant scripts about dreaming, (generally those in privileged social locations), more often rely on nondeclarative culture in reporting what and why they dream. Those at odds with dominant scripts (generally those in less privileged locations) more often rely on declarative culture in explaining what and why they dream. Our study uses dreams to shed light on the relationship between public and personal culture—a task called for by current work in culture and cognition.
Behavior‐based POI recommendation for small groups in location‐based social networks
Authors: Bahari Sojahrood Zahra , Taleai Mohammad
Published: October 2021

In point‐of‐interest (POI) group recommender systems, suggesting the most suitable visit places for a heterogeneous group in which members are far from each other would be difficult in terms of finding a consensus among group members. In this article, we argue that the geographical proximity of POIs to users' locations has a notable influence on group decisions to visit the POI and their check‐in behavior. We develop a new geographical model based on the check‐in behavior of the group in location‐based social networks to improve group recommendations by introducing a new concept called users' spatial ratio in a group vectors and using a 2D kernel density estimation method. To evaluate the performance of the approach, experimental studies were conducted on a real dataset of users and group check‐in activities collected from Foursquare Swarm. In our experiments, the proposed method makes better recommendations compared with other existing approaches. Besides, analyzing group check‐ins shows that in a group visit, the distance between the most visited place by a group member alone and the places visited by the group follows a generalized gamma distribution. Also, the ratio of this distance for the group member to the distance of another member depends on the group size.
Association between adenovirus infection and mortality outcome among pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Wiriyachai Thakoon , Chaya Weerapong , Anurathapan Usanarat , Rattanasiri Sasivimol , Boonsathorn Sophida , Chaisavaneeyakorn Sujittra , Techasaensiri Chonnamet , Apiwattanakul Nopporn
Published: October 2021

Background

Adenovirus can cause severe diseases in post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Because these patients also have many other factors contributing to mortality, it remains controversial whether adenovirus infection itself contributes to increased mortality in these patients.

Objective

To determine if adenovirus infection contributes to mortality in pediatric post‐HSCT patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was performed in post HSCT patients, aged 0–18 years old, admitted at Ramathibodi Hospital from 2016 to 2020. Adenovirus infection was defined as the detection of adenovirus in blood or urine by polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate cox regression was used to identify factors associated with death.

Results

The incidence of overall adenovirus infection (viremia or viruria) in this cohort was 20.8% (26 out of 125 enrolled patients). From the multivariate cox regression analysis, overall adenovirus infection was not significantly associated with death (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–6.06;p = .060). However, presence of viremia (HR: 3.90; 95% CI: 1.40–10.86;p = .009), having maximal serum viral load > 10 000 copies/ml (HR: 3.70; 95% CI: 1.20–11.38;p = .023), presence of end‐organ diseases (HR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.18–10.01;p = .023) were associated with mortality. Underlying diseases requiring long‐term immunosuppressive drugs before HSCT, invasive fungal disease, invasive bacterial infection, cytomegalovirus infection, and longer engraftment time were also associated with mortality.

Conclusion

Overall adenovirus infection does not appear to play a significant role in mortality in pediatric post‐HSCT patients. However, more invasive forms of adenovirus infection were associated with mortality in these patients.
TCP7 interacts with Nuclear Factor‐Ys to promote flowering by directly regulating SOC1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Xiaoyun , Zhang Guofang , Liang Yahong , Hu Lin , Zhu Bonan , Qi Dongmei , Cui Sujuan , Zhao Hongtao
Published: October 2021

The success of plant reproduction depends on the timely transition from the vegetative phase to reproductive growth, a process often referred to as flowering. Although several plant‐specific transcription factors belonging to the Teosinte Branched 1/Cycloidea/Proliferating Cell Factor (TCP) family are reportedly involved in the regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis, the molecular mechanisms, especially for Class I TCP members, are poorly understood. Here, we genetically identified Class I TCP7 as a positive regulator of flowering time. Protein interaction analysis indicated that TCP7 interacted with several Nuclear Factor‐Ys (NF‐Ys), known as the ‘pioneer’ transcription factors; CONSTANS (CO), a main photoperiod regulator of flowering. SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) was differentially expressed in the dominant‐negative mutant of TCP7 (lcu) and the loss‐of‐function mutant of Class I TCP members (septuple). Additionally, we obtained genetic and molecular evidence showing that TCP7 directly activates the flowering integrator gene, SOC1. Moreover, TCP7 synergistically activated SOC1 expression upon interacting with CO and NF‐Ys in vivo. Collectively, our results provide compelling evidence that TCP7 synergistically interacts with NF‐Ys to activate the transcriptional expression of the flowering integrator gene SOC1.
A checklist of vascular plants in limestone areas on the Korean Peninsula
Authors: KIM Jung-Hyun , NAM Gi-Heum , LEE Seung-bae , SHIN Sookyung , KIM Jin-Seok
Published: October 2021

Limestone areas are sedimentary rock outcrops consisting of calcium carbonate created several hundreds of millions of years ago by calcium-secreting marine organisms and subsequently lifted above sea level by tectonic movement. Limestone areas support very high levels of endemic species of plants and are recognized as biodiversity areas with much biological information. The purpose of this study is to devise a strategy for the comprehensive conservation of the vegetation of limestone areas through analyses of the floristics and plant species compositions in ten limestone areas on the Korean Peninsula. The results of 153 field surveys from April of 2010 to October of 2016 identified 1,202 taxa in total, representing 1,096 species, 18 subspecies, 84 varieties, 2 forms, and 2 hybrids in 530 genera and 133 families. Among them, 55 taxa were endemic plants to Korea, and 38 taxa were red data plants. The floristic target plants amounted to 102 taxa, specifically 27 taxa of grade V and 75 taxa of grade IV. In all, 121 alien plants were recorded in the investigated area. Calciphilous plants amounted to 102 taxa, specifically 14 taxa of calciphilous indicator plants, 30 taxa of superlative most calciphilous plants, and 58 taxa of comparative more calciphilous plants. A cluster analysis showed a high degree of similarity between sites that are geographically adjacent with similar habitat environments. Limestone areas also supported groups distinct from those in non-limestone areas, demonstrating the specificity of limestone flora. Plant geography approaches therefore appear to be crucial to gain a better understanding of the level of biodiversity in limestone areas, not only at the interspecific but also at the intraspecific level. These results highlight the importance of protecting limestone habitats to preserve not only their interspecific but also the intraspecific diversity, which is highly threatened.
Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae): A new generic and species record for the flora of Vietnam
Authors: HAI Do Van , QUANG Bui Hong , BACH Tran The , BINH Tran Duc , CHOUDHARY Ritesh Kumar , LEE Joongku
Published: October 2021

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. (Celastraceae), collected from Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park of Vietnam, is reported here as a new generic and species record for the flora of Vietnam. The genus Tripterygium differs from other genera of Celastraceae by its samara fruits, which become three-winged at maturity, and a scandent shrub. Taxonomic notes, descriptions, line drawing and photographs are provided, together with short notes on the distribution, ecology and phenology of Tripterygium wilfordii.
The complete chloroplast genome of Zoysia macrostachya (Poaceae): Insights into intraspecific variations and species delimitation of the Zoysia species
Authors: OH Sung-Dug , LEE Seong-Kon , YUN Doh-Won , SUN Hyeon-Jin , KANG Hong-Gyu , LEE Hyo-Yeon , XI Hong , PARK Jongsun , LEE Bumkyu
Published: October 2021

The complete chloroplast genome of Zoysia macrostachya Franch. & Sav. isolated in Korea is 135,902 bp long (GC ratio is 38.4%) and has four subregions; 81,546 bp of large single-copy (36.3%) and 12,586 bp of small single-copy (32.7%) regions are separated by 20,885 bp of inverted repeat (44.1%) regions, including 130 genes (83 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 39 tRNAs). Thirty-nine single nucleotide polymorphisms and 11 insertions and deletion (INDEL) regions were identified from two Z. macrostachya chloroplast genomes, the smallest among other Zoysia species. Phylogenetic trees show that two Z. macrostachya chloroplast genomes are clustered into a single clade. However, we found some incongruency with regard to the phylogenetic position of the Z. macrostachya clade. Our chloroplast genome provides insights into intraspecific variations and species delimitation issues pertaining to the Zoysia species.
Practical Method for Burner Staging Turbine Forced Response Evaluation
Authors: Kafedzhiyski Nikola , Mayorca Maria
Published: October 2021

Decarbonization and sustainability efforts challenge gas turbine engineers to come up with creative strategies for reduction of emissions and efficiency increase over the whole operating range. Burner staging at part loads presents a flexible solution to achieve these goals through selective burner deactivation. Shutting off burners could also be required for combustion of increased H2 content at some conditions. Burner staging will create circumferential unevenness with patterns of hot and cold streaks that could excite blade rows through the entire turbine. This paper presents a parametric method for annular combustor staging patterns' profile generation intended for use for forced response predictions from a limited number of combustor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations while keeping the key phenomenological features. Two cases with burner staging turbine inlet temperature (TIT) distributions are considered and compared to a base case with uniform temperature distribution. The unsteady aerodynamic forcing was obtained from full wheel time marching unsteady CFD calculations. The results show that the hot streaks generate important and noticeable excitation sources. Additionally, the results show that the pattern generator could be used extensively before and after the unsteady calculations' phase to minimize the excitation levels and the computational load.
Nondestructive Photoelastic and Machine Learning Characterization of Surface Cracks and Prediction of Weibull Parameters for Photovoltaic Silicon Wafers
Authors: Rowe Logan P. , Kaczkowski Alexander J. , Lin Tung-Wei , Horn Gavin P. , Johnson Harley T.
Published: October 2021

A nondestructive photoelastic method is presented for characterizing surface microcracks in monocrystalline silicon wafers, calculating the strength of the wafers, and predicting Weibull parameters under various loading conditions. Defects are first classified through thickness infrared photoelastic images using a support vector machine-learning algorithm. Characteristic wafer strength is shown to vary with the angle of applied uniaxial tensile load, showing greater strength when loaded perpendicular to the wire speed direction than when loaded along the wire speed direction. Observed variations in characteristic strength and Weibull shape modulus with applied tensile loading direction stem from the distribution of crack orientations and the bulk stress field acting on the microcracks. Using this method, it is possible to improve manufacturing processes for silicon wafers by rapidly, accurately, and nondestructively characterizing large batches in an automated way.
Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on the Fatigue Life of Offshore Structures
Authors: Mosquera-Mosquera I. A. , Sagrilo Luis V. S. , Videiro Paulo M. , de Sousa Fernando J. M.
Published: October 2021

Design life of offshore structures is in general in the 20- to 30-year range, with some cases going up to 50 years. Fatigue is one of the major design criteria for such structures. Climate change may affect the fatigue life of offshore structures, it would be necessary to update the design procedures to take into account climate change effects on structural performance. This paper aims to investigate the impact of climate change in the long-term fatigue life of offshore structures due to wave loading. For this purpose, available environmental conditions for two locations (South East Brazilian Coast and North Atlantic Ocean) generated by the HadGEM-2S global climate model, considering representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 future scenarios and the historical (past) scenarios are considered. The assessment in both locations is performed for two structural models: an idealized stress spectrum for a generic fatigue hot-spot and a steel lazy wave riser (SLWR) connected to a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO). Fatigue life is estimated using the S–N curve approach. Results show that the impact on the fatigue life depends on the structure dynamic characteristics, on the geographic location and mainly on the greenhouse emission scenario. In general, for the Brazilian location, when compared to the historical scenario, most of the future scenarios lead to slightly higher fatigue damages (lower fatigue lives). On the other hand, for the North Atlantic location, there is not a clear trend for future climate change scenarios.