bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kıl Keçisi Yetiştiriciliğinin Organik Üretim Bakımından Uygunluğu
Authors: Keskin Mahmut , Gül Sabri , Biçer Osman , Gündüz Zuhal
Published: December 2017

Although the intensification of agricultural production is the reason for feeding of increasing human population the demand for organic or ecological products is increasing in parallel with the social consciousness in recent years. Hair goat breeding is made in a large part of Turkey that is suitable or may become suitable for organic production system with a few arrangements. In this study, Hair goat breeding was evaluated together with the Regulation on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture. The study is important in terms of ensuring sustainability of hair goats under the threat of crossbreeding by assessing it within organic production.
Daylight And Seating Preference In Open-Plan Library Spaces
Authors: Keskin Zeynep , Chen Yunhao , Fotios Steve
Published: December 2017

Daylight factor has long been the predominant metric to evaluate daylight performance. Recently, the profession has moved toward annual dynamic daylight metrics such as useful daylight illuminance and daylight autonomy, which are based on absolute values of time varying daylight illuminance for a period of full year. As opposed to static daylight metrics that only concentrate on individual sky conditions, such as the widely used daylight factor, these metrics provide a more comprehensive way to measure illuminance for a wide range of sun positions and sky conditions. Although there is a growing consensus assigning importance to dynamic daylight metrics, there is no common understanding of how to integrate the preference and behaviour of building occupants in assessing the applicability of these metrics. In fact, it is when these occupancy observations and quantitative measurements are taken together that the importance of daylight performance metrics is fully realized. This study seeks to investigate the extent to which the influence of daylight on behaviour can be predicted, and for this the behaviour investigated is seating preferences of occupants in open plan, hot-desking spaces in two university libraries in Sheffield: Western Bank Library and the Information Commons. The results suggest that the association between daylight and seat choice may not be strong, and that any effect is better associated with daylight factor than with useful daylight illuminance or daylight autonomy.
Going for the Gold : Quantifying and Ranking Visual Night Sky Quality in International Dark Sky Places
Authors: Barentine John
Published: December 2017

Since the invention of electric lighting in the nineteenth century, the steadily increasing use of artificial light at night in outdoor spaces has grown to threaten the integrity of dark night skies and nocturnal terrestrial spaces. The conservation community has gradually come to accept the need to protect natural nighttime darkness, which finds expression in dark sky parks and similar protected areas. As these places begin to reap tangible economic benefits in the form of sustainable ‘astrotourism,’ the movement to actively protect them gains strength. The International Dark-Sky Association designates Dark Sky Parks and Reserves under a comparative ranking scheme that assigns night sky quality tiers according to a combination of objective and subjective characteristics, but shortcomings in the consistency of these ratings exist that undermine the consistency and reputation of the designation program. Here we consider potential changes to the qualification regime to make the ratings system more robust for the benefit of future designations.
Sistem Pakar Deteksi Dini Gangguan Mata dan Syaraf Akibat Penggunaan Smartphone
Authors: Purwanto Eko - , Atina Vihi , Desylawati Ema Sagita
Published: December 2017

Smartphone users are increasing from 1.4 billion smartphone users 176 million of them are smartphone addicts. Most smartphone users do not know about any health problems that can be generated from this smart phone. So it takes an expert system to facilitate users as an early detection for the user's personal health.In the manufacture of Expert System Detection Health Problems Due to Use of Smartphone is using Certainty Factor method to calculate the percentage level of certainty of disease. The tools used in system development are: Flowchart, Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). System development method used is Prototype on the basis of this method can be evaluated by the user until the specifications obtained in accordance with the wishes of users
MANAJEMEN BELAJAR TUNTAS DALAM PENGELOLAAN MUTU DI SD NEGERI GUNTUR 1 KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Rifai Rifai , Suwandi Suwandi , Miyono Noor
Published: December 2017

The background of this research are: 1) student achievement under Criteria Complete Minimal, 2) The results of test scores of children is low, so it does not match the expectations of parents 3) School achievement is low in the academic race, 4) Not achieving the quality of schools maximum as in the vision, mission and objectives of the school that has been set.The objectives of this study are to know the complete learning management and quality management in schools, so that an upgrading in the quality of teaching and learning activities for teachers and school quality improvement of services for parents met.The results showed that: 1) Planning study completed jointly planned at the beginning of the school year at a school meeting. Extra hours of lessons, teacher consultation with headmaster and teachers plan learning activities prepared for mastery learning successfully. 2) Organizing the responsibility of headmaster with the assignment of guiding low grade and high grade guidance. 3) Learning thoroughly carried out in a systematic and planned starting from the preparation of lesson plans, learning activities, assessment, repairment and enrichment. Student involvement in the implementation of high mastery learning, and specifically the sixth grade required for implementation of the study completed two years using the zero hour of learning. 4) Monitoring by the headmaster include oversight of program implementation and supervision of organizing programs consistently. 5) The quality of school graduates performed with competence development, content standards, process standards, educators and education personnel, school facilities and infrastructure, management standards, and implementation of the assessment system.Based on the research results suggested: 1) The headmaster is able to draw up a work program of the school and the ability to provide service quality to parents, 2) Teachers can improve the quality of teaching and learning activities in the classroom and improve the quality of the use of school infrastructure
Fotoquimioterapia Sistémica no Tratamento de Psoríase na Adolescência
Authors: Brasileiro Ana , Campos Sara , Rocha-Páris Filipa , Fidalgo Ana , Apetato Margarida
Published: December 2017

Introdução: A eficácia e segurança da radiação UVB no tratamento da psoríase infantil e da adolescência encontra-se bem descrita na literatura. Contudo, existem poucos dados no que concerne à utilização de psoraleno e UVA (PUVA) nesta faixa etária. O objectivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a eficácia e segurança a curto prazo da terapêutica com PUVA numa população de adolescentes com psoríase.Métodos: Revisão e análise retrospectiva dos dados clínicos relativos aos doentes com psoríase com idade entre 13 e 17 anos. A população analisada incluiu 20 doentes, dezoito com psoríase em placas moderada a grave e dois com psoríase gutata.Resultados: Nove doentes foram tratados com apenas um ciclo de PUVA, e os restantes com dois. Foram associadas terapêuticas sistémicas em 52%. A taxa de resposta total foi de 86,2%, com uma média global de 16,7 tratamentos de PUVA e uma dose cumulativa total média de 174,0 J/cm2. O tempo até recidiva foi de 4,3 meses, e em 2 doentes (10%) não houve recidiva durante um ano de seguimento. Observaram-se efeitos secundários em 3 doentes (15%), nomeadamente náuseas e eritema cutâneo.Conclusões: A fotoquimioterapia demonstrou boa eficácia na nossa população de adolescentes. Os efeitos secundários foram reduzidos e não motivaram suspensão da terapêutica. O potencial carcinogénico da radiação UVA poderá ser uma limitação importante desta modalidade terapêutica, pelo que são necessários mais estudos que avaliem a sua segurança a longo prazo.
Electrocoagulação com Cateter Venoso Periférico no Tratamento de Lagos Venosos
Authors: Pinto Gouveia Miguel , Gouveia Ana Isabel , Brinca Ana , Vieira Ricardo , Figueiredo Américo
Published: December 2017

Lagos venosos são ectasias vasculares da derme superior localizados predominantemente nos lábios de indivíduos idosos. O seu tratamento pode ser desejável por motivos cosméticos ou funcionais, existindo uma miríade de métodos terapêuticos possíveis, incluindo ablação com laser, crioterapia ou cirurgia. A electrocoagulação é também um método eficaz, mas pode condicionar morbilidade do tecido são adjacente. Para minorar este dano, o recurso ao cateter venoso periférico para condução da energia até ao tecido alvo tem sido descrito como uma modificação vantajosa à técnica clássica. Os autores descrevem o recurso à electrocoagulação com auxílio de cateter venoso periférico como alternativa acessível, simples e segura na abordagem dos lagos venosos.
Eritema Acral Bolhoso Induzido pela Gemcitabina
Authors: Pinto-Gouveia Miguel , Coutinho Inês , Ramos Leonor , Brites Maria Manuel , Cardoso José Carlos , Tellechea Óscar , Figueiredo Américo
Published: December 2017

O eritema acral da quimioterapia é caracterizado por áreas eritematosas e dolorosas, envolvendo predominantemente as mãos e pés, com formação de bolhas em casos severos. A gemcitabina é responsável frequentemente por reacções adversas cutâneas, embora estas sejam habitualmente transitórias e ligeiras. Relatamos o caso de um doente sob quimioterapia paliativa com gemcitabina por adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático, que desenvolveu lesões bolhosas em ambos os pés, de maiores dimensões à esquerda. A histopatologia foi consistente com eritema acral. A variante bolhosa do eritema acral da quimioterapia é uma reacção rara e, embora descrita para agentes citotóxicos estruturalmente semelhantes, não tem sido associada à gemcitabina. No doente apresentado, os antecedentes pessoais de doença arterial periférica podem ter desempenhado um papel importante na apresentação clínica final.
Opções Terapêuticas Emergentes no Tratamento da Psoríase em Placas na Forma Moderada a Grave
Authors: Figueiredo Alves Ana Sofia , Cruz Maria João , Mota Alberto
Published: December 2017

A psoríase é uma doença inflamatória sistémica, crónica e recorrente, muito comum, que afeta a pele e/ou articulações. Tem diversas variantes clínicas, sendo a psoríase em placas ou vulgar, a mais comum. Cerca de 20% dos doentes apresenta a forma moderada a grave desta variante. Com o tratamento convencional, nalguns doentes existe ausência ou perda de eficácia, efeitos colaterais ou resposta insuficiente, pelo que nas últimas décadas, com o avanço dos conhecimentos da fisiopatologia da psoríase, foram desenvolvidos fármacos com alvos cada vez mais específicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os novos tratamentos para a psoríase em placas moderada a grave, em adultos. Para a elaboração deste artigo foi realizada uma revisão de literatura na base de dados PubMed e ClinicalTrials.gov para informação acerca dos fármacos já aprovados, assim como resultados de ensaios clínicos das terapias sistémicas emergentes atualmente em fase III. Os inibidores do TNF-α, uma classe pioneira entre os biológicos aprovados para esta doença, têm sido utilizados desde há vários anos com sucesso. No entanto, também apresentam limitações, pelo que tem sido realizada uma investigação clínica focada na procura de novos alvos terapêuticos. A descoberta da participação da via IL-23/Th17 na psoríase abriu caminho para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos imunomoduladores, com resultados encorajadores que validam o papel pro-inflamatório desta via na doença. Também novos fármacos disponíveis por via oral, as “pequenas moléculas”, estão em desenvolvimento para o tratamento de psoríase. Na prática, não há um tratamento que seja o mais correto para todos os doentes com psoríase em placas moderada a grave, em termos de eficácia, segurança, regime de dosagem e via de administração. Apesar dos novos fármacos terem um longo caminho a percorrer até serem aprovados, eles representam uma promessa de tratamento mais direcionado, eficaz e seguro, com menor interferência com outras funções biológicas e melhor controlo da doença.
Reticulose Pagetóide de Woringer-Kolopp, uma Variante Rara de Micose Fungóide
Authors: Roque Ferreira Barbara , Pinto Gouveia Miguel , Cardoso José Carlos , Reis José Pedro
Published: December 2017

Introdução: A reticulose pagetóide é uma variante rara de micose fungóide. Caracteriza-se por uma mancha ou placa, geralmente numa extremidade, assintomática, e hiperqueratósica. Foi descrita uma forma disseminada, mas a classificação recente reserva o termo apenas para a variante localizada (classicamente, “Woringer-Kolopp”).Caso clínico: Observámos uma doente, de 58 anos, por uma placa solitária, queratósica, acastanhada, 15mm x 18mm, na face plantar do hálux esquerdo. Tinha anos de evolução, recentemente com dor local. A histopatologia mostrou um infiltrado de pequenos linfócitos atípicos com extensa invasão pagetóide da epiderme. Na imunohistoquímica observou-se um predomínio de células T CD4+. Os achados confirmaram o diagnóstico de reticulose pagetóide. Aplicou-se, diariamente, propionato de clobetasol 0,05%, em pomada, com melhoria clinicamente significativa após dois meses.Conclusões: Embora seja classificada como uma variante da micose fungóide, a reticulose pagetóide tem características clínicas e histopatológicas próprias, relativamente uniformes, e um perfil imunofenotípico heterogéneo. Contrariamente à micose fungóide, não ocorre envolvimento extracutâneo.
Spiny Keratoderma Palmar que precedeu o Diagnóstico de Micose Fungóide: Uma Nova Associação Paraneoplásica?
Authors: Teixeira Ana Isabel , Soares-Almeida Luís , Leal Filipe Paulo
Published: December 2017

Os quadros de spiny keratoderma são raros, de etiologia desconhecida e ocorrem de forma esporádica ou hereditária. A variante esporádica ocorre frequentemente em associação a neoplasias ou doenças sistémicas. Os autores relatam o caso de um doente caucasiano que recorreu à consulta de Dermatologia com multiplas pápulas hiperqueratósicas filiformes palmares presentes desde há um ano. Foi realizada uma biópsia cutânea que permitiu efectuar o diagnóstico de spiny keratoderma. Após dez meses de follow-up, o doente desenvolveu lesões cutâneas de micose fungóide, tendo sido classificado como estadio IB de acordo com a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer e tratado com PUVAterapia com controlo satisfatório da dermatose. Os autores discutem a hipótese de este caso se tratar de uma nova associação paraneoplásica de um quadro de spiny keratoderma.
Position Paper Português Sobre o Uso de Biossimilares na Psoríase
Authors: Torres Tiago , Filipe Paulo
Published: December 2017

.
Apresentação Dermatoscópica e Microscópica Confocal de Melanoma Raro do Mamilo
Authors: Laureano Oliveira André , El-Shabrawi-Caelen Laila , Arzberger Edith , Zalaudek Iris
Published: December 2017

.
PSEUDOXANTOMA ELÁSTICO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: BALTAZAR ISABELLA LEMOS
Published: December 2017

Pseudoxantoma elástico (PXE) é uma doença hereditária autossômica recessiva rara, com defeito molecular no gene ABCC6. Esta disfunção acarreta acúmulo de cálcio nos tecidos ocasionando degeneração das fibras elásticas, principalmente dos olhos, do sistema cardiovascular, e da pele. Apresenta-se nesse relato o caso de um paciente de 61 anos, acometido por PXE, com diminuição da acuidade visual há 5 anos e pápulas amareladas, assintomáticas, nas axilas e pescoço há 30 anos.
EFEITOS CUTÂNEOS DA IONTOFORESE COM ÁGUA NÃO MINERAL NO TRATAMENTO DA HIPERIDROSE PALMAR – RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Santos Carolyne Mendes dos , Mazza Maísa Fabri , Neto Domingos Jordão , Maldonado Maria Cristina
Published: December 2017

A sudorese excessiva, isolada ou associada, caracteriza a hiperidrose, que comumente ocorre na fronte, mãos, pés e axilas. Atinge cerca de 1% da população geral acometendo homens e mulheres de todas as idades. Apesar de sua função termorregulatória indispensável, o suor excessivo causa impacto significativo na qualidade de vida pessoal e profissional dos pacientes. É uma doença benigna, de diagnóstico essencialmente clínico, onde o tratamento pode ser conservador ou cirúrgico. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente mulher, 27 anos, que apresentava hiperidrose palmar desde início da adolescência e que após diversos insucessos e dificuldades terapêuticas, obteve excelente resposta clínica à iontoforese com água não mineral. A paciente estava há pelo menos 1 ano sem tratamento clínico.
Escabiose: Revisão e Foco na Realidade Portuguesa
Authors: Santiago Felicidade , Januário Gustavo
Published: December 2017

Introdução: A escabiose é uma infestação cutânea parasitária comum nos cuidados de saúde primários, pediatria e dermatologia. Apesar de não ser ameaçadora da vida, tem elevada morbilidade e impacto na qualidade de vida. Nos países em desenvolvimento, a escabiose está associada a altas taxas de sobreinfeção cutânea bacteriana, nomeadamente de impetigo.Objetivos: Rever os aspetos gerais da escabiose, com particular enfâse no diagnóstico e tratamento. Analisar a realidade epidemiológica nacional e internacional e as opções terapêuticas disponíveis em Portugal.Material e métodos: Revisão narrativa da literatura científica, incluindo livros e bases de dados científicas (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, UpToDate, IndexRMP).Discussão: A escabiose é uma dermatose com características clínicas muito típicas, nomeadamente, o prurido frequente, a aparência das lesões cutâneas e sua distribuição, e a presença de contexto epidemiológico. O tratamento eficaz do doente e dos contactos próximos é dependente de um reconhecimento atempado da doença, sendo fundamental evitar atrasos no diagnóstico, baixa adesão ao tratamento e sua aplicação incorreta.Conclusão: Atendendo à eficácia e toxicidade das várias opções terapêuticas, a permetrina a 5% e a ivermectina oral são consideradas de primeira linha. Contudo, em Portugal, pela ausência de comercialização destas, o mais usado é o benzoato de benzilo. A explicação cuidadosa e correta do tratamento ao doente tem um papel essencial para o seu sucesso. Em Portugal, seria útil e aconselhável haver uma notificação dos casos de escabiose.
Profilaxia Pré-Exposição ao VIH
Authors: Miroux Catarino Alexandre , Borges-Costa João
Published: December 2017

A incidência de novas infeções pelo VIH permanece elevada apesar dos esforços implementados no diagnóstico e tratamento precoce na última década. Na Europa Ocidental e nos países onde o acesso aos cuidados de saúde não é um obstáculo, têm-se verificado alterações da epidemiologia. O subgrupo dos homens que tem sexo com homens tem sido particularmente visado e Portugal não é exceção. Em 2015, pela primeira vez desde 1984 mais de 50% dos diagnósticos de infecção VIH em homens foi feito neste grupo e representam 69,7% dos diagnósticos em indivíduos, homens ou mulheres, com idade inferior a 30 anos. Esta realidade obrigou a pensar em novas formas de atuação, onde se insere o conceito de profilaxia pré-exposição ao VIH que é já uma realidade em alguns países. Neste artigo é feita uma revisão dos conhecimentos atuais sobre o tema. Os dermatovenereologistas deverão estar alertas para um possível aumento de incidência de outras infeções sexualmente transmissíveis no contexto desta profilaxia por poder facilitar a adoção de comportamentos de risco.
Epidermoid cysts of the cavernous sinus: clinical features, surgical outcomes, and literature review
Authors: Zhou Feng , Yang Zixiao , Zhu Wei , Chen Liang , Song Jianping , Quan Kai , Li Sichen , Li Peiliang , Pan Zhiguang , Liu Peixi , Mao Ying
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

Epidermoid cysts of the cavernous sinus (CS) are rare, and no large case series of these lesions has been reported. In this study, the authors retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of the surgical management of CS epidermoid cysts undertaken at their center and performed a review of any such cysts reported in the literature over the past 40 years.

METHODS

Clinical data were obtained on 31 patients with CS epidermoid cysts that had been surgically treated at the authors’ hospital between 2001 and 2016. The patients’ medical records, imaging data, and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The related literature from the past 40 years (18 articles, 20 patients) was also evaluated.

RESULTS

The most common chief complaints were facial numbness or hypesthesia (64.5%), absent corneal reflex (45.2%), and abducens or oculomotor nerve deficit (35.5%). On MRI, 51.6% of the epidermoid cysts showed low T1 signals and equal or high T2 signals. In the other lesions, the radiological findings varied considerably given differences in the composition of the cysts. Surgery was performed via the extradural approach (58.1%), intradural approach (32.3%), or a combined approach (9.7%). After the operation, symptoms remained similar or improved in 90.3% of patients and new oculomotor paralysis developed after the operation in 9.7% of patients. Seven patients (22.6%) developed meningitis postoperatively (5 aseptic and 2 septic), and all of them recovered. All patients achieved good recovery before discharge (Karnofsky Performance Status score ≥ 70). Over an average follow-up of 4.6 ± 3.0 years in 25 patients (80.6%), no recurrence or reoperation occurred, regardless of whether total or subtotal resection of the capsule had been achieved.

CONCLUSIONS

Both the extradural and intradural approaches can enable satisfactory lesion resection. A favorable prognosis and symptomatic improvement can be expected after both total and subtotal capsule resections. Total capsule resection is encouraged to minimize the possibility of recurrence provided that the resection can be safely performed.
Laboratory assessments of therapeutic platelet inhibition in endovascular neurosurgery: comparing results of the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay to thromboelastography with platelet mapping
Authors: Corliss Brian M. , Polifka Adam J. , Harris Neil S. , Hoh Brian L. , Fox W. Christopher
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

Inhibition of platelet aggregation is vital to preventing thromboembolic complications related to stent placement in endovascular neurosurgery, but excessive inhibition potentiates hemorrhagic complications. Recent evidence suggests an ideal inhibition range of 70–150 P2Y12 response units (PRU) as measured on the VerifyNow assay, which relies on photometric measurements of platelet aggregation. Thromboelastography (TEG) with platelet mapping (PM) is an alternative assay that directly measures clot formation and mechanical strength. This study compares the results of PRU to TEG-PM.

METHODS

Patients with simultaneous or near-simultaneous PRU and TEG-PM results who underwent cervical carotid artery stenting, intracranial stent-assisted aneurysm coiling, or flow diversion at the authors’ institution between August 2015 and November 2016 were identified. PRU results were compared with the TEG maximal amplitude (MA) attributable to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) activity (MA-ADP) as measured by TEG-PM. Platelet inhibition was considered therapeutic for MA-ADP values < 50 mm or PRU < 194. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated, and the sensitivity and specificity of PRU were calculated assuming that the results of TEG-PM reflected the true degree of platelet inhibition.

RESULTS

Twenty-three patients were identified with a total of 37 matched sets of TEG-PM and PRU. Three of these pairs were excluded due to anemia outside of the PRU manufacturer’s recommended range. The Pearson correlation coefficient for these values was 0.50 (p = 0.0026). The prevalence of clopidogrel nonresponders determined by TEG-PM (9%) matched reported rates (5%–12%); PRU demonstrated much higher prevalence (39%). For detecting a therapeutic level of platelet inhibition, PRU demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.59, specificity of 0.50, positive predictive value of 0.95, and negative predictive value of 0.07. Ideal inhibition was concordant in only 25% of observations in which at least one of the results was ideal.

CONCLUSIONS

Agreement between TEG-PM and PRU regarding the degree of platelet inhibition is poor. PRU likely overestimates clopidogrel resistance, as 93% of patients with PRU > 194 demonstrate a therapeutic level of platelet inhibition on TEG.
Repair of giant postlaminectomy pseudomeningocele with fast-resorbing polymer mesh: technical report of 2 cases
Authors: Alvarez Carlos M. , Urakov Timur M. , Vanni Steven
Published: December 2017

Pseudomeningocele is a rare but well-known complication of lumbar spine surgery, which arises in 0.068%–0.1% of individuals in large series of patients undergoing laminectomy and in up to 2% of patients with postlaminectomy symptoms. In symptomatic pseudomeningoceles, surgical reexploration and repair of the dural defect are typically necessary. Whereas the goals of pseudomeningocele repair, which are extirpation of the pseudomeningocele cavity and elimination of extradural dead space, can typically be achieved by primary closure performed using nonabsorbable sutures, giant pseudomeningoceles (> 8 cm) can require more elaborate repair in which fibrin glues, dural substitute, myofascial flaps, or all of the above are used. The authors present 2 cases of postsurgical symptomatic giant pseudomeningoceles that were repaired using a fast-resorbing polymer mesh–supported reconstruction technique, which is described here for the first time.
Presentation and outcomes in surgically and conservatively managed pediatric Rathke cleft cysts
Authors: Shepard Matthew J. , Elzoghby Mohamed A. , Kiehna Erin N. , Payne Spencer C. , Jane John A.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE

Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are sellar lesions that are commonly encountered in adults but infrequently diagnosed in the pediatric population. As a result, the optimal management of pediatric RCCs remains a subject of controversy. Only 2 prior surgical series have been published on pediatric RCCs and no study has compared the presentation and outcomes of surgically versus conservatively managed cases. The authors therefore performed a comparative analysis of pediatric cases of RCC in which patients were treated with surgery or managed in a conservative manner.

METHODS

All cases involving pediatric patients diagnosed with an RCC at the University of Virginia between 2000 and 2016 were included in this study. Patient medical records, operative notes, and neuroimaging findings were reviewed. Patients who developed visual field deficits, radiographic evidence of chiasmal compression, or medically refractory headaches were considered candidates for surgical intervention. All patients who were selected for surgery underwent an endoscopic endonasal approach with cyst fenestration.

RESULTS

A total of 24 pediatric patients were diagnosed with an RCC over a 16-year period. Seven patients ultimately underwent transsphenoidal cyst fenestration, and 17 were managed conservatively. The patients’ age at diagnosis, cyst size, and pituitary function at the time of RCC diagnosis were similar in the conservatively and surgically managed cohorts. At diagnosis, 19 of 24 patients endorsed headaches that led to neuroimaging. All patients in the surgical cohort endorsed severe headaches at diagnosis compared with 71% in the conservative group. For the 7 patients treated with surgery, complete cyst evacuation was achieved in 86% of cases. Transient postoperative endocrinopathy occurred in 4 (57%) of 7 surgically treated individuals and resolved in all cases. In the conservative cohort, 1 patient developed a delayed pituitary-related endocrinopathy. Headache resolution occurred in 5 (71%) of the 7 patients who underwent surgery and 7 (58%) of the 12 who were treated without surgery. Cyst recurrence was documented in 1 individual in the surgical cohort who underwent a subtotal cyst fenestration that ultimately required re-intervention. In the conservative cohort, spontaneous cyst shrinkage occurred in 35% of patients with a median time to regression of 23.5 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric RCCs are benign sellar lesions that often present with headaches. While cyst fenestration mitigates headaches in most patients, the majority of conservatively managed pediatric patients with RCCs will have spontaneous headache resolution. Furthermore, spontaneous RCC regression occurs in a substantial number of individuals. Thus, in the absence of optic compression, visual field deficit, or diagnostic uncertainty, many pediatric cases of RCC can be managed conservatively.
Generation of Transgenic Rootstock Plum ((Prunus pumila L. × P. salicina Lindl.) × (P. cerasifera Ehrh.)) Using Hairpin-RNA Construct for Resistance to the Plum pox virus
Authors: Sidorova Tatiana , Pushin Alexander , Miroshnichenko Dmitry , Dolgov Sergey
Published: December 2017

The use of Prunus rootstocks that are resistant to plum pox virus (PPV) is an important agronomic strategy to combat the spread of the Sharka disease in nurseries and orchards. Despite remarkable progress in developing stone fruit rootstocks to adapt to various stresses, breeding that ensures durable virus resistance has not yet been achieved. For this reason, the engineering of PPV resistant plants through genetic transformation is a very promising approach to control sharka disease. The aim of the present study is to produce transgenic plants of the clonal rootstock ‘Elita’, which is resistant to PPV using ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) technology. The genetic construct containing the self-complementary fragments of the plum pox virus coat protein (PPV-CP) gene sequence were used to induce the mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing to ensure virus resistance. Transgenic plants have been produced after agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro explanted leaves. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting analyses confirmed the stable genomic integration of the PPV-CP sense and antisense intron-hairpin-RNA sequence. The functionality of the introduced expression cassette was confirmed by the activity of including the uidA gene into the transferring T-DNA. To our knowledge, this is the first interspecific plum rootstock produced by genetic engineering to achieve PPV resistance.
A Synthetic Nervous System Controls a Simulated Cockroach
Authors: Rubeo Scott , Szczecinski Nicholas , Quinn Roger
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this work is to better understand how animals control locomotion. This knowledge can then be applied to neuromechanical design to produce more capable and adaptable robot locomotion. To test hypotheses about animal motor control, we model animals and their nervous systems with dynamical simulations, which we call synthetic nervous systems (SNS). However, one major challenge is picking parameter values that produce the intended dynamics. This paper presents a design process that solves this problem without the need for global optimization. We test this method by selecting parameter values for SimRoach2, a dynamical model of a cockroach. Each leg joint is actuated by an antagonistic pair of Hill muscles. A distributed SNS was designed based on pathways known to exist in insects, as well as hypothetical pathways that produced insect-like motion. Each joint’s controller was designed to function as a proportional-integral (PI) feedback loop and tuned with numerical optimization. Once tuned, SimRoach2 walks through a simulated environment, with several cockroach-like features. A model with such reliable low-level performance is necessary to investigate more sophisticated locomotion patterns in the future.
A Method to Decompose the Streamed Acoustic Emission Signals for Detecting Embedded Fatigue Crack Signals
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ozevin Didem , He David , Hardman William , Timmons Alan
Published: December 2017

The data collection of Acoustic Emission (AE) method is typically based on threshold-dependent approach, where the AE system acquires data when the output of AE sensor is above the pre-defined threshold. However, this approach fails to detect flaws in noisy environment, as the signal level of noise may overcome the signal level of AE from flaws, and saturate the AE system. Time-dependent approach is based on streaming waveforms and extracting features at every pre-defined time interval. It is hypothesized that the relevant AE signals representing active flaws are embedded into the streamed signals. In this study, a decomposition method of the streamed AE signals to separate noise signal and crack signal is demonstrated. The AE signals representing fatigue crack growth in steel are obtained from the laboratory scale testing. The streamed AE signals in a noisy operational condition are obtained from the gearbox testing at the Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) facility. The signal addition and decomposition is achieved to determine the minimum detectable signal to noise ratio that is embedded into the streamed AE signals. The developed decomposition approach is demonstrated on detecting burst signals embedded into the streamed signals recorded in the spline testing of the helicopter gearbox test rig located at the NAVAIR facility.
Grasping Claws of Bionic Climbing Robot for Rough Wall Surface: Modeling and Analysis
Authors: Jiang Quansheng , Xu Fengyu
Published: December 2017

Aiming at the inspection of rough stone and concrete wall surfaces, a grasping module of cross-arranged claw is designed. It can attach onto rough wall surfaces by hooking or grasping walls. First, based on the interaction mechanism of hooks and rough wall surfaces, the hook structures in claw tips are developed. Then, the size of the hook tip is calculated and the failure mode is analyzed. The effectiveness and reliability of the mechanism are verified through simulation and finite element analysis. Afterwards, the prototype of the grasping module of claw is established to carry out grasping experiment on vibrating walls. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed cross-arranged claw is able to stably grasp static wall surfaces and perform well in grasping vibrating walls, with certain anti-rollover capability. This research lays a foundation for future researches on wall climbing robots with vibrating rough wall surfaces.
Bio-Oil Steam Reforming over a Mining Residue Functionalized with Ni as Catalyst: Ni-UGSO
Authors: Bali Amine , Blanchard Jasmin , Chamoumi Mostafa , Abatzoglou Nicolas
Published: December 2017

Bio-oil reforming is considered for syngas or H2 production. In this work, we studied the steam reforming (SR) of two raw bio-oils without adding external steam, using a recently-developed catalyst, Ni-UGSO. Experiments were performed at temperature (T) = 750–850 °C and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 1.7–7.1 g/gcat/h to assess C conversion (XC) and product yields. The results show that, in all conditions and with both bio-oils tested, the catalyst is stable for the entire duration of the tests (~500 min) even when some C deposition occurred and that only at the highest WHSV tested there is a slight deactivation. In all tests, catalytic activity remained constant after a first, short, transient state, which corresponded to catalyst activation. The highest yields and conversions, with

Y

H
2

,

Y

CO

and XC of 94%, 84% and 100%, respectively, were observed at temperatures above 800 °C and WHSV = 1.7 g/gcat/h. The amount of H2O in the bio-oils had a non-negligible effect on catalyst activity, impacting

Y

H
2

,

Y

CO

and XC values. It was observed that, above a critical amount of H2O, the catalyst was not fully activated. However, higher H2O content led to the reduction of C deposits as well as lower

Y

H
2

and

Y

CO

and, through the water-gas-shift reaction, to higher

Y

CO

2

(CO2 selectivity). Fresh and spent catalysts were analyzed by physisorption (BET), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis: the results reveal that, during the oils’ SR reaction, the initial spinel (Ni-Fe-Mg-Al) structures decreased over time-on-stream (TOS), while metallic Ni, Fe and their alloy phases appeared. Although significant sintering was observed in used catalysts, especially at high H2O/C ratio, the catalyst’s specific surface generally increased; the latter was attributed to the presence of nanometric metallic Ni and Ni-Fe alloy particles formed by reduction reactions. A small amount of C (4%) was formed at low H2O/C.
Promises and Pitfalls of Computer-Supported Mindfulness: Exploring a Situated Mobile Approach
Authors: Vacca Ralph
Published: December 2017

Computer-supported mindfulness (CSM) is a burgeoning area filled with varied approaches such as mobile apps and EEG headbands. However, many of the approaches focus on providing meditation guidance. The ubiquity of mobile devices may provide new opportunities to support mindfulness practices that are more situated in everyday life. In this paper, a new situated mindfulness approach is explored through a specific mobile app design. Through an experimental design, the approach is compared to traditional audio-based mindfulness meditation, and a mind wandering control, over a one-week period. The study demonstrates the viability for a situated mobile mindfulness approach to induce mindfulness states. However, phenomenological aspects of the situated mobile approach suggest both promises and pitfalls for computer-supported mindfulness using a situated approach.
A Quantitative Risk Analysis Method for the High Hazard Mechanical System in Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Tang Yang , Jing Jiajia , Zhang Zhidong , Yang Yan
Published: December 2017

The high hazard mechanical system (HHMS) has three characteristics in the petroleum and petrochemical industry (PPI): high risk, high cost, and high technology requirements. For a HHMS, part, component, and subsystem failures will result in varying degrees and various types of risk consequences, including unexpected downtime, production losses, economic costs, safety accidents, and environmental pollution. Thus, obtaining the quantitative risk level and distribution in a HHMS to control major risk accidents and ensure safe production is of vital importance. However, the structure of the HHMS is more complex than some other systems, making the quantitative risk analysis process more difficult. Additionally, a variety of uncertain risk data hinder the realization of quantitative risk analysis. A few quantitative risk analysis techniques and studies for HHMS exist, especially in the PPI. Therefore, a study on the quantitative risk analysis method for HHMS was completed to obtain the risk level and distribution of high-risk objects. Firstly, Fuzzy Set Theory (FST) was applied to address the uncertain risk data for the occurrence probability (OP) and consequence severity (CS) in the risk analysis process. Secondly, a fuzzy fault tree analysis (FFTA) and a fuzzy event tree analysis (FETA) were used to achieve quantitative risk analysis and calculation. Thirdly, a fuzzy bow-tie model (FBTM) was established to obtain a quantitative risk assessment result according to the analysis results of the FFTA and FETA. Finally, the feasibility and practicability of the method were verified with a case study on the quantitative risk analysis of one reciprocating pump system (RPS). The quantitative risk analysis method for HHMS can provide more accurate and scientific data support for the development of Asset Integrity Management (AIM) systems in the PPI.
Distributed Variable Droop Curve Control Strategies in Smart Microgrid
Authors: Deng Changhong , Chen Yahong , Tan Jin , Xia Pei , Liang Ning , Yao Weiwei , Zhang Yuan-ao
Published: December 2017

In micro grid (MG), active/reactive power sharing for all dis-patchable units is an important issue. To meet fluctuating loads’ active and reactive power demands, the units generally adopt primary P-f and Q-U droop control methods. However, at different state of charge (SOC) values, the capability of Lead Acid Battery Bank (LABB) based units to take loads varies in a large range; active power should not be shared according to the units P capacities in a constant ratio. Besides, influenced by the output and line impedance between units, reactive power is not able to be shared in proportion to the units Q capacities. Another problem, after MG power balance requirement is satisfied, frequency and voltage are deviating from their rated values thus power quality is reduced. This paper presents a new smart MG which is based on the multi agent system. To solve the problems mentioned above, P-f and Q-U droop curves are adjusted dynamically and autonomously in local agents. To improve the power quality, secondary restoration function is realized in a decentralized way, the computation tasks are assigned to local, the computation capability and communication reliability requirements for central PC are low, and operation reliability is high. Simulation results back the proposed methods.
Personal, Psychosocial and Environmental Factors Related to Sick Building Syndrome in Official Employees of Taiwan
Authors: Lu Chung-Yen , Tsai Meng-Chuan , Muo Chih-Hsin , Kuo Yu-Hsien , Sung Fung-Chang , Wu Chin-Ching
Published: December 2017

Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a combination of symptoms that can be attributed to exposure to specific building conditions. The present study recruited 389 participants aged 20–65 years from 87 offices of 16 institutions to examine if personal factors, work-related psychosocial stress, and work environments, were associated with five groups of SBS symptoms, including symptoms for eyes, upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, skin, and non-specific systems. Indoor environmental conditions were monitored. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression (MLR) analyses and were reported as adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR). SBS symptoms for eyes were associated with older age, sensitivity to tobacco, and low indoor air flow. Upper respiratory symptoms were related to smoking, low social support, longer work days, and dry air. High indoor air flow was associated with reduced upper respiratory symptoms (aOR = 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.13–0.67). Lower respiratory symptoms were associated with high work pressure, longer work hours, chemical exposure, migraine, and exposure to new interior painting. Recent interior painting exposure was associated with a high estimated relative risk of low respiratory symptoms (aOR = 20.6; 95% CI = 2.96–143). Smoking, longer work days, low indoor air flow, indoor dryness, and volatile organics exposure, were associated with other non-specified symptoms including headache, tiredness, difficulty concentrating, anger, and dizziness. In conclusion, there are various SBS symptoms associated with different personal characteristics, psychosocial, and environmental factors. Psychosocial factors had stronger relationships with lower respiratory symptoms than with other types of SBS symptoms. Good ventilation could reduce risk factors and may relieve SBS symptoms.
Evaluation of Behavior Change Communication Campaigns to Promote Modern Cookstove Purchase and Use in Lower Middle Income Countries
Authors: Evans William , Johnson Michael , Jagoe Kirstie , Charron Dana , Young Bonnie , Rahman A. , Omolloh Daniel , Ipe Julie
Published: December 2017

Nearly three billion people worldwide burn solid fuels and kerosene in open fires and inefficient stoves to cook, light, and heat their homes. Cleaner-burning stoves reduce emissions and can have positive health, climate, and women’s empowerment benefits. This article reports on the protocol and baseline data from the evaluation of four behavior change communication (BCC) campaigns carried out in lower to middle income countries aimed at promoting the sale and use of cleaner-burning stoves. Interventions implemented in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Nigeria are using a range of BCC methods including mass media, digital media, outdoor advertising, and inter-personal communication. The mixed methods evaluation comprises three large-scale surveys: one pre-BCC and two follow-ups, along with smaller scale assessments of stove uptake and patterns of use. Baseline results revealed varying levels of awareness of previous promotions and positive attitudes and beliefs about modern (i.e., relatively clean-burning) cookstoves. Differences in cookstove preferences and behaviors by gender, socio-demographics, media use, and country/region were observed that may affect outcomes. Across all three countries, cost (lack of funds) a key perceived barrier to buying a cleaner-burning stove. Future multivariate analyses will examine potential dose-response effects of BCC on cookstove uptake and patterns of use. BCC campaigns have the potential to promote modern cookstoves at scale. More research on campaign effectiveness is needed, and on how to optimize messages and channels. This evaluation builds on a limited evidence base in the field.
Transcriptomics Analysis on Excellent Meat Quality Traits of Skeletal Muscles of the Chinese Indigenous Min Pig Compared with the Large White Breed
Authors: Liu Yingzi , Yang Xiuqin , Jing Xiaoyan , He Xinmiao , Wang Liang , Liu Yang , Liu Di
Published: December 2017

The Min pig (Sus scrofa) is a well-known indigenous breed in China. One of its main advantages over European breeds is its high meat quality. Additionally, different cuts of pig also show some different traits of meat quality. To explore the underlying mechanism responsible for the differences of meat quality between different breeds or cuts, the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and the biceps femoris muscle (BF) from Min and Large White pigs were investigated using transcriptome analysis. The gene expression profiling identified 1371 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LM muscles from Min and Large White pigs, and 114 DEGs between LM and BF muscles from the same Min pigs. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the gene products were mainly involved in the IRS1/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cascade effects, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathway. Such pathways contributed to fatty acid metabolism, intramuscular fat deposition, and skeletal muscle growth in Min pig. These results give an insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of skeletal muscle and provide candidate genes for improving meat quality. It will contribute to improving meat quality of pigs through molecular breeding.
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on Oxidative Stress and Nrf2 Signaling
Authors: Oh Yoon , Jun Hee-Sook
Published: December 2017

Oxidative cellular damage caused by free radicals is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to aging. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) signaling pathways play an important role in preventing stresses including oxidative and inflammatory stresses. Nrf2 is a master regulator of cellular stress responses, induces the expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes, and protects against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone, which was originally found to increase insulin synthesis and secretion. It is now widely accepted that GLP-1 has multiple functions beyond glucose control in various tissues and organs including brain, kidney, and heart. GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists are known to be effective in many chronic diseases, including diabetes, via antioxidative mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of GLP-1 in the protection against oxidative damage and the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.