bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Invisible” gold in synthetic and natural arsenopyrite crystals (Vorontsovka deposit, Northern Urals)
Authors: Kovalchuk E. V. , Tagirov B. R. , Vikentyev I. V. , Chareev D. A. , Tyukova E. E. , Nickolsky M. S. , Borisovsky S. E. , Bortnikov N. S.
Published: November 2019

In many types of hydrothermal ore deposits Au occurs in invisible state in most common minerals of the Fe-As-S system. It is supposed that the state of theinvisible Au may beeither non-structural (nano-sized inclusions of metal and its compounds) or chemically bound (isomorphous solid solution). Here we report results of investigation of the state and the concentration range ofinvisible Au in synthetic and natural arsenopyrites FeAsS (Vorontsovka deposit, North Urals, type Carlin). Conditions that favor the formation of Au-bearing arsenopyrite were identified. The synthesis experiments were carried out in Au-saturated system by means of salt flux method with a stationary temperature gradient. The temperature at the cold end of the ampole was 400500С. The chemical composition of arsenopyrite was determined by electron probe microanalysis. The composition of the synthesized arsenopyrite varied within [at.%]: Fe from 32.6 to34.4, As from 30.0 to 36.5, S from 29.4 to36.0. The Au content in arsenopyrite varied from the detection limit ( 45ppm) to 3wt.%. A strong negative correlation between the concentrations of Au and Fe was observed in the synthesized arsenopyrite grains. The slope of the correlation lines corresponds to the formation of the Au-bearing solid solution where Au isomorphically substitutes for Fe at the parameters of the synthesis experiments. In addition, there is a weaker positive correlation between Au and As: higher Au concentrations are characteristic of arsenic-rich compositions (As/S [at.%] 1) and those close to stoichiometric arsenopyrite, whereas in sulfur-rich arsenopyrite the concentration of Au is lower and does not exceed 0.25wt.%. The positive Au-As correlation appears not only on a local level within a single crystal of synthetic and natural arsenopyrite, but is valid on the Vorontsovka deposit scale: As-rich arsenopyrite formed at lower temperature and sulfur fugacity (t= 250370C, logfS2= 1217) contains more Au than the As-poor early arsenopyrite (t= 270400C, logfS2= 79). Comparison of these results with the literature data shows that the positive correlation between the concentrations of Au and As in arsenopyrite and the negative correlation between the concentrations of Au and Fe are the common features of ores of the Carlin-type deposits. We suggest that, in contrast to negative correlation Au-Fe, the positive correlation Au-As cannot be explained in terms of crystal chemistry, but can result from the effect of external factors among which are the difference in composition of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids and the sulfur fugacity.
Fold-thrust deformations of the isl. New Siberia (Novosibirsky islands, Russia): age, morphology and genesis of structures
Authors: Golionko B. G. , Basilyan A. E. , Nikolsky P. A. , Kostyleva V. V. , Malyshev N. A. , Verzhbitsky V. E. , Obmetko V. V. , Borodoulin A. A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract Detailed lithologic, stratigraphic and structural studies of fold-thrust structures were conducted on the island New Siberia. We have established, the jointly deformed complexes of the Upper CretaceousMiddle Neopleistocene are overlapped by undeformed sediments of the Upper Neopleistocene. This fact confirms the completion of the deformation process at the end of the Middle Neopleistocene. An additional argument excluding the ancient age of dislocations is the result of the fission track dating for apatites. The resulting track ages of apatites significantly exceeded the age of deformed rocks, which was reliably established by the other methods. In deformed complexes, unlithified permafrost rocks predominate. Folded structures are characterized by joint deformation of sedimentary rocks, formation ice and ice-ground, inconsistency of fold orientation and different direction of structural evolution in the northern and southern parts of the island New Siberia. Considering the correspondence of the established age of dislocations to the age of the largest Pleistocene glaciation, all these facts allow us to state that the fold-thrust deformations of the island New Siberia are glaciodislocations.
Crustal structure, tectonic subsidence and lithospheric stretching of the princess Elizabeth trough basin, East Antarctica
Authors: Leitchenkov G. L. , Galushkin Yu. I. , Guseva Yu. B. , Gandyukhin V. V. , Dubinin E. P.
Published: November 2019

Abstract This paper considers crustal structure, seismic stratigraphy, thermal evolution and lithospheric stretching of the deep-water basin located on the East Antarctic passive margin in the Princess Elizabeth Trough. Seven of the Middle Jurassic to Quaternary seismic sequences was identified based on interpretation of multichannel seismic data. The information about seismic stratigraphy and crustal thickness (calculated from gravity data) along the section crossing the Princess Elizabeth Trough was used for numerical modeling of the thermal regime of the lithosphere, tectonic subsidence of the crystalline basement and lithospheric stretching. Modeling shows that calculated tectonic subsidence is possible only under the assumption of crustal extension before the deposition (during the crustal doming at the early rift phase). Maximum stretching factor in the basin ranges from 1.1 to 2.0 for the period which preceded the deposition and 2.8 for the period of the rift-related deposition.
The implementation of peer teaching for motivating students to study at university (on the example of teaching a foreign language)
Authors: Karpova Olena
Published: November 2019

The article highlights a type of learning “Peer Teaching” as a tool for students’ motivation to study at universities. The peculiarities of using this type of collaborative learning as well as advantages and disadvantages of its implementation in the Ukrainian educational environment are revealed in the article. Peer Teaching along with formal traditional education and other approaches in informal education is defined as a strategic way of information transaction in the society in order to motivate students to self-development and self-improvement. Peer Teaching implies collaborative learning, namely a group work, without any interference of a teacher that is more common for cooperative learning. Among the principles of its realization in the educational process the following ones have been distinguished: integrity, complexity, availability, progression, equality, activity, priority of human rights and responsibility. The author recommends for more effective Peer Teaching to conduct workshops and trainings as well as other forms and teaching methods that will be more informal and will be able to create natural and comfortable environment as well as to have all the necessary equipment and trained tutors. It is offered in the article to divide Peer Teaching into learning within a group; learning at the faculty level; interdisciplinary learning both at the inter-faculty and inter-university levels. The results of the experiment have shown the necessity of the realization of Peer Teaching for the integration of the national system of education into the world educational and scientific environment as well as the implementation of the European experience of organization of the educational process at universities and for humanization and democratization of learning.
Transformation process of modern education: to teach something another way?
Authors: Hnativ Zoriana
Published: November 2019

The question of the need for modernization processes in modern education are raises in the article. The relevance of the research of educational problems is not controversial, because the political, economic, cultural, intellectual potential of the state, the welfare of society, development of all humanity depends on the state and possibilities of its development are noted .  The purpose of the article is to find a new way of thinking, vision, ideas, etc. In order to ensure the success of education, its entrepreneurship in the context of the interdisciplinary nature of the pedagogical study scenario.  The emphasis is on transformational processes of education development.  It is generalized that education can never exist separately from society, from its needs, in addition, it is largely responsible for both the achievement of humanity and for humanitarian catastrophes and global problems. For the social and economic growth of the country, the level of education and culture of the population is important.  Education of the XXI century is an intellectual potential, it is an education with a cultural-developing, developing dominant, a factor in the perfection of a person; this is the education of a responsible person who is capable of self-education and self-development, able to think critically, develop various information, use acquired knowledge and skills for creative solving.  the problems, aspires to change for the better their life and life of their country.

The art of education, which is the most difficult of arts, is firmly rooted in society, must be truly high art.  Therefore, this problem is not only philosophical or pedagogical, but also global.  Issues of ethical basis, emotional intelligence, upbringing man of culture should take the top priority in educational labyrinths. But before modern education, there are many more complex tasks, the solution of which would contribute to a significant increase in the formation of a high-grade personality with high moral and spiritual qualities.
ANALISIS OPTIMASI KADAR VITAMIN C DARI FILTRAT BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus L Merr) MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM EVAPORATOR VACUUM
Authors: Nisa’ Qurrotun A’yuni Khoirun
Published: November 2019

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan skema proses evaporasi untuk analisa kadar vitamin C. Target yang ingin dicapai berupa optimisasi parameter proses. Kajian dilakukan pada berbagai variabel,meliputi suhu (40 - 60 ºC), konsentrasi (20 – 40 g/L), dan waktu (60 – 90 menit. Sedangkan variabel bergantungnya adalah viskositas, moisture content, dan kadar vitamin C. Penentuan variabel yang berpengaruh dapat menggunakan central composite rotatotional design (CCRD). Percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum pengaruh variabel evaporasi terhadap kadar vitamin C, diperoleh saat nilai kadar vitamin C lebih dari 0,00014 % dengan konsentrasi 34 – 36 g/L pada suhu 56 – 58 ◦C selama 80 – 90 menit. Kata kunci: evaporasi, nanas, vitamin C
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM KADMIUM DALAM LARUTAN
Authors: Farida Aliyatul , Ariyani Sinta , Sulistyaningsih Nanik Erma , Kurniasari Laeli
Published: November 2019

Kadmium (Cd) menjadi salah satu logam berat yang berbahaya di perairan dan bersifat toksik tinggi setelah merkuri. Sumber pencemar Cd terdapat pada limbah cair industri cat, industri peleburan dan lain-lain. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kadar Cd yaitu dengan adsorpsi menggunakan serbuk kulit jagung (Zea mays L.). Akan tetapi pada kulit jagung diperlukan aktivasi untuk mendapatkan kulit jagung dengan kemampuan adsorpsi tinggi. Aktivasi bertujuan memodifikasi bagian permukaan adsorben sehingga dapat meningkatkan kapasitas adsorpsi. Proses adsorpsi dipengaruhi berbagai variabel diantaranya pH, dan waktu kontak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivasi, pH, dan waktu kontak proses adsorpsi Cd oleh kulit jagung. Metode penelitian ini meliputi 3 tahap, tahap preparasi adsorben, proses aktivasi, dan optimasi proses adsorpsi. Proses aktivasi dilakukan dengan variasi HCl-NaOH, NaOH, HNO3, NaOH-HNO3, adapun variabel pH dilakukan pada pH 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 dan variasi waktu kontak pada 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 menit. Analisa FTIR dilakukan untuk mengetahui gugus fungsional kulit jagung dan untuk mengetahui kemampuan adsorpsi kulit jagung terhadap Cd dilakukan analisa AAS. Hasil percobaan diperoleh aktivasi terbaik pada aktivasi NaOH-HNO3, pH maksimum 8, dan waktu kontak maksimum 40 menit. Kondisi tersebut menghasilkan efisiensi adsorpsi sebesar 88,31% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,8135 mg/g adsorben.

Kata kunci: adsorpsi, kulit jagung, kadmium
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BEESWAX DAN GLISEROL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK POLIBLEND GLUKOMANAN – POLIVINIL ALKOHOL (PVA)
Authors: Purnavita Sari , Anggraeni Ayu
Published: November 2019

Poliblend glukomanan–PVA dengan penambahan beeswax dan gliserol berpotensi menjadi alternatif bahan pengemas biodegradable. Pada penelitian ini, gliserol dan beeswax ditambahkan pada poliblend glukomanan–PVA rasio 1:2, diikuti pemanasan suhu 80oC selama 30 menit.. Tujuan dari penambahan beeswax dan gliserol adalah untuk memperbaiki karakteristik poliblend yang dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh penambahan beeswax (0g;0.03g;0.06g;0.09g;0.12g) dan gliserol (5ml,10 ml,15ml) terhadap karakteristik film kemasan meliputi ketebalan, kuat tarik, kemuluran, laju transmisi uap air, presentase kelarutan dalam air dan morfologi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh ketebalan film kemasan terbaik pada penambahan beeswax 0.12 gram dan gliserol 15 ml. untuk hasil uji kuat tarik dan persen elongasi terbaik pada penambahan beeswax 0.06 gram dan gliserol 5ml. Pada uji permeabilitas uap air hasil terbaik diperoleh pada penambahan beeswax 0,12 gram dan gliserol 5ml, untuk hasil presentase kelarutan dalam air terbaik diperoleh pada penambahan beeswax 0.12 gram dan 5 ml gliserol.

Kata kunci : Film kemasan, beeswax, gliserol, poliblend, glukomanan, PVA
AN REVIEW METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA): CHARACTERIZATION, PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC REACTIONS ON HUMAN IN INDIA
Authors: Chaudhary Megha , Kumar Vinit , Singh Sonika
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) has been increasingly examined from India(4). A network of microbiology labs (Indian Organization for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance - INSAR) at premier medical colleges and hospitals in India was assembled with support from the World Health Organization (figure). Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A study displays an alarmingly high incidence of MRSA corruption in the BHU hospital. The prevalence rate is established to be 54.8%, which is much higher than most of the results where it ranged between 20% to 32.8%.(17),(18) The only report which has given somewhat similar result i.e. 51.6% is from LN Hospital, New Delhi.(19) Further, a study from Indore has shown a grow in MRSA prevalence from 12% in 1992 to 80.89% in 1999.(20) Modes of transmission and virulence factors: Due to its capability to colonize a wide range of strains (all mammals including rodents and lagomorphs), S. aureus can easily be transmitted from one species to another; from humans to animals and reverse. Staphylococcal infections are zoonotic in nature. Antibiotic Reaction on Human: The sensitivity patterns of divided to different antibiotic discs were read by measuring the diameter of area of inhibition in millimeter as per the chart provided by manufacturer and classified as Sensitive, Intermediate and Resistant based on CLSI guidelines.(8)

Keywords: Antimicrobial, Bugs, Lagomorphs, MRSA, Rodent, Sensitivity, Staphylococcus.
Dynamics of Carbohydrate Metabolism Indices during the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with the Use оf Pathogenetic Therapy
Authors: Shvets O.M. , Shevchenko O.S.
Published: November 2019

Objective. To assess the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism indices during the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with the use of pathogenetic therapy

Materials and methods. We examined 40 patients with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with bilateral infiltrative changes and massive mycobacteria excretion. Exclusion criteria were: HIV infection/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis without destruction and without bacterial excretion. Standardized four-component anti-TB treatment regimen was prescribed to all patients. The subjects were randomly distributed between two groups of 20 people. The treatment regimen for patients of group 2 was supplemented with a 10-day course of intravenous infusion of xylitol with a volume of 400 ml once a day. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, fasting insulin levels were determined, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated, and clinical manifestations of intoxication were evaluated. For statistical data processing, the Statistica for Windows version 13.2 generalpurpose data processing software package was used.

Results and discussion. At the beginning of treatment, patients of both groups had complaints typical for intoxication syndrome and signs of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the form of the development of insulin resistance. The median value of the HOMA-IR index in group 1 was 3.03, and in group 2 it was 3.36. During the treatment, in group 2, whose patients received xylitol, a decrease in the average term of relief of intoxication symptoms was observed compared with group 1 (7±2 days vs 11±3 days) (p<0.05). In group 2 the median of insulin level decreased at a statistically significant level (p<0.05) (from 16.5 mcU/mL to 11.4 mcU/mL), and the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR decreased from 3.36 to 2.0, which allows us to suppose the positive effect of xylitol on the carbohydrate metabolism of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis with destructive changes and mycobacteria excretion.

Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that xylitol has a positive modeling effect on the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with bacterial excretion.
PENGGUNAAN PERMAINAN LEGO DALAM BIDANG PENGEMBANGAN KOGNITIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA DINI DI PPT PERMATA BUNDA KECAMATAN WONOCOLO SURABAYA
Authors: Asmara Berda
Published: November 2019

Pendidikan anak usia dini atau usia prasekolah adalah tempat bagi anak untuk mengantarkan perkembangan dan pertumbuhan anak dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan, keterampilan, daya cipta, pengetahuan, dan kemandirian sejak dini dengan cara bermain sambil belajar atau belajar secara bermain. Melalui pembelajaran PAKEM dapat dilaksanakan kegiatan bermain lego merupakan media permainan yang sangat menarik bagi anak-anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan permainan lego dalam pengembangan kognitif untuk meningkatkan kreativitas anak usia dini di PPT Permata Bunda Kecamatan Wonocolo Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tanda bintang observasi. Dan dalam penelitian ini yang diteliti adalah anak usia dini di PPT PermataBunda Kecamatan Wonocolo Surabaya. Bidang pengembangan kognitif Semester I kelompok A dan B menggunakan tema “Diri Sendiri” dengan menggunakan sistem kolaborasi yaitu guru kelompok A dan B dalam Semester II. Hasil penelitian ini adalah hasil pemantauan observasi I belum baik, karena anak baru mengenal permainan lego belum aktif sehingga kurang kreatif. Hasil pemantauan observasi ke II hasilnya baik aktivitas dan kreativitas anak mulai meningkat, karena anak mulai terbiasa menggunakan permainan lego. Hasil pemantauan observasi ke III hasilnya baik karena anak aktif dan kreatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan permainan lego dalam pengembangan kognitif dapat meningkatkan kreativitas anak usia dini di PPT Permata Bunda Kecamatan Wonocolo Surabaya.
Identifikasi Persepsi Guru Swasta Dalam Memilih Profesi Guru: Studi Kasus Di SMA Swasta Kota Malang
Authors: Emynorane Ralaivao Hanginiaina
Published: November 2019

Memilih profesi merupakan keputusan yang paling sulit dan kompleks dihadapi semua orang dalam kehidupan dan bukan semua orang bisa berhasil untuk memilih profesi yang tepat. Kesalahan dalam memilih profesi bukan hanya mempengaruhi kehidupan profesional tetapi dapat juga menyebabkan hambatan bagi kehidupan pribadi. Oleh karena itu diperlukan rencana yang matang sebelum memilih profesi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 16 guru dari SMA Swasta di Kota Malang dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi alasan mereka dalam memilih profesi guru dan harapan mereka setelah menjadi guru. Penelitan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, alasan guru untuk memilih profesi mengajar adalah: (1) passion untuk mengajar, (2) senang berinteraksi dengan anak-anak, (3) banyak jumlah pekerjaan yang tersedia dalam sistem pendidikan, (4) renumerasi, gaji dan tunjangan, (5) status sosial guru di depan masyarakat, (6) saran dari keluarga, (7) alumni sekolah, (8) profesi guru adalah karir jangka panjang dan solusi jangka pendek, (9) mencari pengalaman, dan (10) kesempatan belajar. Sedangkan harapan guru dari SMA Swasta di Kota Malang adalah: (1) memiliki standar hidup yang cukup, (2) dukungan fasilitas pembalajaran yang lengkap, dan (3) dukungan fasilitas studi lanjut.
Controlled Carbonization Heating Rate for Enhancing CO2 Separation Based on Single Gas Studies
Authors: Wan Zainal Wan Nurul Huda , Tan Soon Huat , Ahmad Mohd Azmier
Published: November 2019

Concerns about the impact of greenhouse gas have driven the development of new separation technology to meet CO2 emission reduction targets. Membrane-based technologies using carbon membranes that are able to separate CO2 efficiently appears to be a competitive method. This research was focused on the development of carbon membranes derived from polymer blend of polyetherimide and polyethylene glycol to separate CO2 rendering it suitable to be used in many applications such as landfill gas purification, CO2 removal from natural gas or flue gas streams. Carbonization process was conducted at temperature of 923 K and 2 h of soaking time. To enhance membrane separation properties, pore structure was tailored by varying the carbonization heating rates to 1, 3, 5, and 7 K / min. The effect of carbonization heating rate on the separation performance was investigated by single gas permeabilities using CO2 , N2 , and CH4 at room temperature. Carbonization heating rate of 1 K / min produced carbon membrane with the most CO2 / N2 and CO2 / CH4 selectivity of 38 and 64, respectively, with the CO2 permeability of 211 barrer. Therefore, carbonization needs to be carried out at sufficiently slow heating rates to avoid significant loss of selectivity of the derived carbon membranes.
Integration of Good Village Governance Concepts in Realizing Quality Village Financial Reports
Authors: Saputra Komang Adi Kurniawan , Ekajayanti L.G.P. Sri
Published: November 2019

This study examines the effect of the implementation of internal control systems and good village governance on the quality of village government financial reports in the Province of Bali. The research method used is a quantitative database on the research respondents. The research data was collected through filling in questionnaires, and multiple linear regression tests were conducted to obtain the results of the study. The population in this study were village heads who received village funds in the Province of Bali as many as 636 villages, using random sampling and assisted by Slovin formula, obtained a sample of 87 samples. The results obtained are that there is an influence between the internal control system and good village governance on quality village government financial reports, which means that in achieving village financial reporting protection from the internal control system is needed to avoid fraud and the implementation of good village governance as guidelines for implementation village government to lead to village independence starting from the professionalism of village financial management.
Materiality Level Considerations in The Audit Reporting Process
Authors: Juniariani Ni Made Rai , Lestari Ni Luh Putu Ratna Wahyu , Mariyatni Ni Putu Sri
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to explain that the consideration of the auditor's materiality level is influenced by experience, professional ethics and task complexity. Materiality level considerations are relative rather than absolute concepts, so the determination of materiality levels can vary for each entity. The respondents used were auditors who worked at the Public Accountant Firm in the Bali Region, which had registered with the Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants in 2018 totaling 73 people in 10 Public Accounting Firms. Sampling in this study is to use the nonprobability sampling method. To answer the research hypothesis using multiple linear regression analysis techniques with the results of the study is the experience and professional ethics have a positive effect on the consideration of the level of materiality, while the complexity of the task does not affect the consideration of the level of materiality. This is due to the fact that the auditors, especially the auditors at the Public Accountant Office in Bali, have been working professionally so that they are able to manage the time in carrying out their auditing duties.
The Influence of Storytelling Methods Through Serial Images Media on the Listening and Speaking Early Childhood Ability
Authors: Tasia Anis , Lestari Gunarti Dwi , Bachri Bachtiar Syaiful
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the storytelling method through serial image media on the ability to listen and speak to kindergarten group A childrens. The research approach used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design conducted in TK Bangkalan District. The research data was obtained through observations then analyzed using statistics by testing the independent sample t-test. The results of the study on the listening ability of the test results of the independent sample t-test value of tcount was 3.013 greater than ttable 1.671, and the ability to speak the value of tcount of 2.965 was greater than ttable 1.671. So that it can be concluded that the storytelling method through serial image media is able to influence the ability to listen and speak to kindergarten childrens in Group A.
A Description of the Factors Contributing to Polio Vaccination in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan IJAZ
Published: November 2019

The current study aimed to explore various social factors contributing to refusal to polio vaccination. This study has been carried out in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This study focuses on finding the role of religious misperception, terrorism, lack of mobilization and lack of awareness and education in refusal to polio vaccination in the study area. The study is framed under quantitative research design. Stratified random sampling has been utilized for sampling and the information has been collected through structured interview schedule. The information has been analyzed in shape of tables (uni-variate) and cross-tables (Bi-variate). Findings of the study are theorized into four dimensions; first, religious misconception is one of the important factors contributing to refusal to polio vaccination; second, terrorism and lack of security (e.g. Talibanization) leads to refusal to polio vaccination; third, lack of social mobilization significantly contributes to refusal to polio vaccination in the study area; fourth, lack of awareness and education in the study area is responsible for refusal to polio vaccination. Further, bi-variate analysis shows that religion misperceptions, terrorism, lack of mobilization and lack of awareness and education play a significant role in refusal to polio vaccination.
Viver mastectomizada: a realidade experimentada por mulheres mastectomizadas em tratamento radioterápico em um hospital do municí­pio de Belém
Authors: Baia Bruno Thiago Gomes , Moia Caroline Martins da Silva , Santana Juliana da Costa , Araújo Jeferson Santos , De Santana Mary Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

Introdução: O autocuidado é reconhecido como recurso para promoção da saúde, devendo ser reforçado pela enfermagem. A mulher mastectomizada exige um olhar amplo, deve-se compreender o momento que a famí­lia e a mulher vivenciam, acolher e estabelecer ví­nculo contribui de forma significativa. Neste sentido o estudo objetivou conhecer as vivências de mulheres mastectomizadas submetidas a tratamento radioterápico. Métodos: Estudo descritivo qualitativo, realizado no municí­pio de Belém, do qual participaram 10 mulheres. A coleta de dados ocorreu de setembro a outubro de 2017, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, e interpretada pela análise temática. Resultados: Frente às mudanças geradas pela mastectomia e tratamento com a radioterapia uma nova autoimagem, vivências e estilo de vida começam a ser construí­das por essa mulher. Conclusão: Enfatiza-se a importância de um acompanhamento profissional para lidar com as mudanças e recomeços, respeitando o tempo de adaptação de cada mulher, ressaltando a importância do autocuidado diariamente.Palavras-chave: autocuidado, saúde da mulher, mastectomia.
Processo de trabalho de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Famí­lia em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Amoras Jéssica Araújo Braga , Machado Richardson Miranda , Duarte Sebastião Junior Henrique
Published: November 2019

A Estratégia Saúde da Famí­lia (ESF) é norteada por polí­ticas que reorientam o processo de trabalho multiprofissional voltado às necessidades da população. Objetivou-se analisar o processo de trabalho de enfermeiros da ESF, no eixo saúde da mulher, conforme prerrogativas da Polí­tica Nacional da Atenção Básica. Estudo qualitativo, realizado em Campo Grande/MS de novembro de 2015 a agosto de 2016. Incluí­ram-se profissionais da ESF, que responderam entrevista individual, cuja questão norteadora: Conte-me como é o seu trabalho na assistência í  mulher? Dados organizados pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, resultando em duas ideias centrais: ações desenvolvidas e adesão às ações. A fala de 62 enfermeiros evidenciou que estes atuam em todos os ciclos de vida da mulher e o cenário coaduna com ações elencadas nas legislações.Palavras-chave: atenção primária í  saúde, saúde da mulher, Enfermagem..
Aspectos gerais sobre a transição demográfica e epidemiológica da população brasileira
Authors: Cortez Antonio Carlos Leal , Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra , Silva Roberto Carlos Lyra , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: November 2019

O processo de envelhecimento é um dos fenômenos que mais se evidencia nas sociedades atuais, sendo esse fenômeno conhecido como transição demográfica. Associada a transição demográfica destaca-se a transição epidemiológica que geram mudanças nos padrões de morte, morbidade e invalidez de uma população especí­fica e que, em geral, ocorre em conjunto com outras transformações como as sociais, econômicas e de saúde. Sendo assim o estudo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos gerais sobre a transição demográfica e epidemiológica da população brasileira. Para esta revisão foram utilizadas informações de agências especializadas em saúde, como a OMS, OPAS, Ministério da Saúde e IBGE, além de periódicos das bases de dados Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo e Lilacs, utilizando os Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCs) e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Visto o exposto, ressalta-se a importância sobre práticas integradas e preventivas das doenças crônicas não transmissí­veis na população idosa, além da identificação do seu perfil epidemiológico, facilitando assim a tomada de decisão sobre o planejamento estratégico de modelos de atenção í  saúde adequada a essa população.Palavras-chave: idoso, transição epidemiológica, transição demográfica, doenças crônicas não transmissí­veis.
Imunização contra influenza em colaboradores de um centro universitário
Authors: Oliveira Ana Cristina da Silva , Fernandes e Silva Giuliana , Cunha e Souza Jane Lima do Amaral , Maia Simone Maria de Araújo
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de professores e preceptores do curso de graduação em enfermagem no exercí­cio das fases de planejamento e execução da imunização contra influenza para colaboradores em um centro universitário. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado por professoras e preceptoras de enfermagem do Centro Universitário Anhanguera de Niterói em uma atividade comemorativa do dia do enfermeiro. Resultados: Entre os 124 colaboradores que participaram da atividade, 95,9% apontaram que consideram a imunização importante como forma de prevenção, ainda que apenas 57,2% tenham relatado vacinação prévia contra influenza. Conclusão: É necessário investimento para sensibilizar a população sobre a importância da imunização visando aumentar a captação, principalmente dos indiví­duos que constituem o público-alvo. Além disso, destaca-se a importância da atuação dos profissionais de enfermagem em orientar, educar e sensibilizar a população sobre a relevância da vacinação na prevenção de doenças.Palavras-chave: saúde do trabalhador, imunização, vacinas contra influenza, Enfermagem.
Gaps in maternal influenza vaccine uptake in Northern Territory: A need for a year-round influenza vaccination campaign
Authors: Janagaraj Priya Darshene , Gurusamy Pari Shanmuga Raman , Webby Rosalind
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Maternal influenza vaccination was introduced in 2010 due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with influenza in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the maternal influenza vaccination uptake in Northern Territory public hospitals and identify gaps to improve uptake. Methods: Birth data from Northern Territory (NT) public hospitals obtained from the Perinatal Register for deliveries in 2016 were merged with vaccination records from the NT immunisation register. Results: There were 3,392 viable pregnancies in NT public hospitals in 2016 with 45.6% vaccination coverage against influenza. There was a statistically significant difference in coverage with 68.5% in Indigenous vs 31.7% in non-Indigenous deliveries (p<0.001), yielding an odds ratio of 4.67 (95% CI 4.02, 5.42) for maternal influenza vaccination across Indigenous status. Influenza vaccination coverage for preterm births (<37 weeks) was low especially in non–Indigenous mothers at 27.2% vs 65.05% in Indigenous mothers (p<0.001). A distinct immunisation administration pattern was noted for 2016 with 58.9% of vaccinations occurring between April and June regardless of Indigenous status and maternal gestational age. This correlated with the annual influenza immunisation campaign by the NT and Commonwealth. Conclusion: A year-round maternal influenza vaccination campaign is crucial to avoid missed opportunities and increase vaccination protection for mother and baby. Antenatal influenza vaccination campaign with health care workers education and increasing patient awareness should continue throughout the year.
The Part of the Whole. Cosmology as an Empirical and Analytical Concept
Authors: RAUDVERE CATHARINA
Published: November 2019

In the study of Old Norse religion, mythology and cosmology are two core concepts frequently used in inter-disciplinary discussions as to the content, changes and spread of the pre-Christian religion in Scandinavia. The article discusses the concept of cosmology in relation to religion and world-view, with examples from picture-stones and from mythological and heroic texts. Cosmology is not a criterion of religion, any more than the occurrence of an explicitly formulated cosmology necessarily implies that the aim in presenting a world-view is exclusively religious. We may be justified in looking closely at a body of material that is to be studies and asking ourselves where its systematicity is formulated: in the researcher’s argumentation, in a compiler like Snorri, or in the emic tradition? And not least, which individual narratives in the local tradition are singled out as cosmological? Hybrid forms are rarely identified by studying cosmologies as doctrinal systems. The representation of world-views can take other forms than systematised accounts, but then they are less easily accessible to research. In a discussion of the concept of cosmology, there may be good reason to ask what motifs in text and image recurring over a long time imply for different interpretations and what their ambivalence means for their analysis today. The as now, there is a wide range of possibilities when it comes to the interpretation of individual expressions. The explanatory value of concepts such as cosmology, or for that matter mythology, is sometimes obscure, since the terms are used to capture a particular type of empirical material rather than to answer an analytical question. Cosmology and mythology thus refer to a certain kind of content in narratives rather than to the normal meaning of the term cosmology, i.e. a coherent doctrine of the universe that takes into consideration both the spatial aspects of the word cosmos and systematic knowledge, logos.
The Late Iron Age Bear-Tooth Pendants in Finland: Symbolic Mediators between Women, Bears, and Wilderness?
Authors: KIVISALO NORA
Published: November 2019

In the article I discuss the different functions and meanings of bronze bear-tooth pendants in the Finnish Late Iron Age (800-1150/1300 CE). I first focus on an analysis of the pendants in terms of archaeological methodology: chronology, typology and find context. The second focus on attention, and in this article the most important one, is on the interpretation on these pendants. They are usually interpreted as magical items, amulets. In my opinion this is not the only possible interpretation. I suggest that the pendants can be interpreted as magical or religious, but that their possible protective use as amulets does not exclude other functions, such as a decorative and/or social one. I emphasise the possibility that bear-tooth pendants may be linked to a symbolic form of expression involving the idea of control of the forest and wilderness. Finnish folk tradition and mythology point to a metaphoric and metonymic relationshiop on the one hand between the bear and the wilderness, on the otehr the bear and women. The bronze bear-tooth pendatns - possibly worn only by women - may have carried a symbolic message of control over the wilderness; this control could have been mythology-based and practised by ritual acts; at the same time it could also take the form of concrete acts, such as utilization of the wilderness: a fur-based economy and control over the fur trade.
Something Old, Something New: Excursions into Finnish Sacrifical Carins
Authors: MUHONEN TIMO
Published: November 2019

The article approaches the archaeological phenomenon known in Finland as 'sacrificial cairns' by examining the scholarly history and by placing these cairns in the context of the recent theoretical discussion concerning the essence of ritual and secular in prehistoric socities. 'Sacrificial cairns' are traditionally considered to have been Iron-Age altar-like constructions for the worship of various supernatural powers. This view started to develop already in writings on the Finnish 'ancient religion' (Fi. muinaisusko), and was made explicit in antiquarian and then archaeological scholarship. The grounds for identifying sacrificial cairns were sometimes very slight, but they nevertheless influenced future research. Later, secualr perspectives were added to ritual ones. I argue that the scholarly tradition and the consequent archaeological attributes of sacrificial cairns are an over-simplification, and that there is thus reason to re-examine the old interpretations. Although the existence of prehistoric cairns as places of sacrifice is implied by the ethnographic record, the same evidence also suggests that the relationship between cairns with sacral and secular functions is far less straightforward than has previously been thought. Following the recent discussion, some of the cairns traditionally identified as sacrificial might perhaps better be defined as structured depositions, possibly resulting from practices in which the ritual and the secular were inseparable.
Dwelling on the Borders: Self. Text and World
Authors: FLOOD GAVIN
Published: November 2019

In spite of secularist predictions, religion on a global scale has not gone away and shows little sign of dimnishing. Within the context of the renewal of interest in religion and the assertion of religion in the public realm, I seek in this article to explore the ways in which the self has been (and continues to be) formed in religious traditions. Drawing on substantive examples from my work on textual traditions in India and Europe, the article argues that 'religious reading' is central to the formation of religious traditions and the formation of the religious person, and that this has an impact upon discourse in the public realm. The process of religious reading itself occurs in a borderland between text and world and between self and world. Through 'religious reading', or more precisely textual reception, we can understand the ways in which forms of inwardness are constructed in tradition-specific ways and such inwardness too has an impact on public discourse. I therefore attempt to examine three traditional borderlands - between inwardness and externality, between text and world, and between private religion and public governance - in the light of religious reading.
Religious Difference and Democratic Pluralism: Some Recent Debates and Frameworks
Authors: HIRSCHKIND CHARLES
Published: November 2019

While until quite recently debates in political philosophy on questions of pluralism, tolerance, and liberal governance foregrounded notions of culture and cultural difference, today it is religion that increasingly provides the historical and conceptual resources for the contemporary reassessment of the pragmatic and philosophical conditions for pluralist democracy. Drawing on a few recent writings in the field of political theology, this paper explores some of the analytical directions that this repositioning of religion within contemporary narratives of modernity has opened up within political philosophy. As I seek to demonstrate, the domain of political theology has become the problem space, where the tensions and contradictions between a simultaneous insistence on Europe's secular identity and its Christian one are being elaborated. Through a ceratin double movement, secularism and Christianity have become productively fused within the writings I address, in a way that repeats the story of European exeptionality while inscribing the essential otherness of the Muslim populations within its borders. In the second part of the paper, I want to contrast these reflections from political philosophy with debates in postcolonial Egypt around issues of religion and the possibility of democratic pluralism.
Rethinking 'Religious' Cognition: The Eliadean Notion of the Sacred in the light of the Legacy of Uno Harva
Authors: ANTTONEN VEIKKO
Published: November 2019

The article discusses methodological similarities and differences between Uno Harva and Mircea Eliade, with the objective of reassessing the value of their comparativist programs for the study of religion in general and of 'religious' cognition in particular. The Finnish scholar Uno Holmberg-Harva (1882-1949) was a predecessor to Eliade as a scholar of Asian and European religious history. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, when the academic study of religion was still maturing in Europe, Harva expanded considerably the field of the ethnological study of religion with his religio-phenomenological monographs Der Baum des Lebens (1922), Finno-Ugric, Siberian Mythology (1927) and Die Religiösen Vorstellungen der Altaischen Völker (1938). Harva was a towering figure in Finnish scholarship. Originally a Protestant theologian and Lutheran minister, he resigned from his ecclesiastical position to become a historian of religion, field ethnographer, ethnosociologist and folklorist under the tutelage of Edward Westermarck and Kaarle Krohn. Harva's influence on the work of Eliade has been almost entirely ignorant by historiographers of Religious Studies.
Mircea Eliade and the Perception of the Sacred in the Profane: Intention, Reduction, and Cognitive Theory
Authors: RENNIE BRYAN S.
Published: November 2019

Building upon earlier analysis of Eliade's 'sacred' as 'the intentional object of human experience that is apprehended as the real' (Rennie 1996, 21) this article pursues the concept of the apprehension of the sacred in empirical experience as described by Eliade in his discussion of religious symbols. Using a vareity of visual analogies an attempt is made to understand what Eliade's understanding might imply and how this 'perception of the sacred' might come about. This necessitates some consideration of the status of 'intentional objects' and leads to a reflection on Eliadean claims concerning the 'irreducibility' of religion and of the relation of such claims to contemporary congnitive analyses of religion. The conclusion is that Eliade's understanding can be seen as complementary to recent cognitive theory, which demonstrates the coherence of that understanding.
From Reality to Subject: A Sympathetic, Yet Critical Reading of Eliade
Authors: LAITILA TEUVO
Published: November 2019

Mircea Eliade is, or at least has been, the most heavily crticised scholar of religions. A number of critics have been discontented with his 'uncritical' way of using data to illustrate or assert his insights. It has been said that Eliade's presuppositions about the nature of reality and religion are not scientific but metaphysical or theological. Eliade's sympathisers, on the other hand, have tried to show that he does after all have a method, and that a careful reading demonstrates that either his presuppositions are no more unscientific that those of anyone else or they can be rethought in a scientifically acceptable way. My starting point is both sympathetic and critical. My question is, what is Eliade actually attempting to understand when he states that he wants to understand religion at its own level? He himself states that he wants to unmask the 'revelations' of the sacred, or - as he also says - the transcendent, and their significance for modern man, who has lost his comprehension of both the sacred and its meaning. This he can do, he argues, by recapturing the way in which 'primitive' and 'archaic' cultures and ancient and modern traditions outside mainstream religions have used symbols to establish a patterned, harmonised view of the world, or - as Eliade prefers to say - reality. Both Eliade's critics and his sympathisers presumably agree that Eliade's presuppositions include statements about the 'essence' of religion, about the nature of reality, and about the ways religion operates, or should operate, in human life, or mode-of-being-in-the-world; they also agree that one of Eliade's main concern in religious studies is with symbols. In my article, I deal with these four points (essence, reality, mode-of-being and symbols), proposing a reading of Eliade which emphasises the scholar's encounter with the subject and not the 'essence' of the matter under study. In my conclusion I suggest that studying the ways in which humans use symbols, which they connect with the 'real' to construct a 'mode-of-being' - or, as William Paden put it, a 'world' - is one way of going 'beyond' Eliade.
Women Teaching Women: The Impact of Gender and Religion on Training Teachers in Colonial Africa
Authors: HELANDER EILA
Published: November 2019

Finnish women missionaries have made a major contribution to the training of women teachers in Ovamboland, the northern part of present Namibia. In this paper I examine how African women teachers perceive the impact of Finnish teachers on their career development and their role in society. Data was gathered in Namibia in 1999. Results reveal that missionary women have played a significant role in the process of creating a new social category, that of a career women in the Ovambo society. The example of missionary women has contributed to adopting the idea of building the nation as an essential part of being a teacher. In this process religious legitimization of new ideas and practices has played an important role.