bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis Of Mg/Al Hydrotalsite-Magnetite As CN- Ion Adsorbent On Wastewater Tapioca Industry
Authors: Aulia Maudi
Published: December 2021

Cyanide compounds contained in tapioca industrial wastewater are relatively high, so it is necessary to reduce cyanide levels. This study utilizes the hydrotalcite-magnetite ability to adsorption of CN- ions. The composite formation process is carried out by mixing the magnetite phase at the stage of hydrotalcite-magnetite synthesis. The characterization of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) shows reflection of the magnetite peak of 2θ 21.42°; 30,28°; 33.40°;35.65° and 37°. While the peak of hydrotalocites at an angle of 11.66° ; 23,33° ; 34,80° ; 60,92° ; and 62.21°. This result is supported by ir spectra on hydrotalocytes shown by O-H group at wave number 3441 cm-1, O=C-O at wave numbers 1359 cm-1, M-O and M-OH at wave numbers 964 cm-1, 797 cm-1 and 673 cm-1. Fe-O and Fe-OH absorption from magnetites at wave numbers 892 cm-1, 798 cm-1 and 629 cm-1. 0.4 grams of hydrotalcite-magnetite at 30 minutes of stirring absorbed 0.0490 mg/L of cyanide from tapioca liquid waste solution. The value of adsorption capacity is 0.022 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency is 87.96%. The hydrotalcite-magnetite adsorption method is superior to aerob and anaerobic methods using bacteria in the tapioca industry.
ENERGY EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT FOR MODERNIZATION OF THE GAS BOILERS POWER 0.1-30 MW
Authors: Sigal I.Ya. , Lavrentsov E.M. , Smikhula A.V. , Marasin O.V. , Dombrovska E.P.
Published: December 2021

The possibility of modernization of boilers TVH-8M, TVH-8 and NYYSTU-5, operated in Ukraine, with the increasing of their technical and economic indicators to the modern European level is shown. Projects of modernization of boilers have been developed, which consist in redesign of heating surfaces in convective shafts of existing boilers without increasing their overall dimensions with using convective part of pipes diameter 32 x 3 mm and replacement of burner devices by developed new type MPIG-3. It is shown that the results of industrial implementations achieved efficiency of boilers type TVH-8M (TVH-8) 94-96% in the operating range of their load and obtained the calculated efficiency for boilers NYYSTU-5 92-94%. It is experimentally proven that when installing special calibrated nozzle, instead of drilled holes in the collectors of gas burners, it is possible to keep the nozzle geometry (natural gas burner consumption depending on pressure) unchanged throughout the service life. The technical possibility of combustion of biogas and mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen in the slot bottom diffusion burners of the MPIG-3 type, when replacing only the nozzle apparatus is shown. Bibl. 17, Fig. 6, Table 1.
Mensajes Políticos y Derechos Humanos en los Videojuegos
Authors: Moya Martínez Jose Antonio
Published: December 2021

El videojuego, en la actualidad, se ha convertido en un medio de comunicación más, con la capacidad de transmitir mensajes e ideas que se refuerzan gracias a su elemento característico, la interactividad. En esta investigación se pretende analizar la capacidad de transmisión de mensajes políticos en el videojuego, explorar la presencia de los derechos humanos dentro de los estudios de caso y, el último objetivo de este texto es apreciar el mensaje subyacente de los videojuegos analizados. Para cumplir los objetivos anteriores se realizará un estudio de caso en el que se emplea una metodología holística introduciendo elementos lúdico-semióticos, socialconstructivistas, estéticos y procedurales. Los principales resultados que se pueden adelantar son que el empleo crítico de este medio permite generar diversas cuestiones sobre el papel de los valores en la política exterior y la vulneración de los derechos en beneficio de una “seguridad” poco definida que parece construida para atacar al “otro”.
Desain Antar Muka Aplikasi Wisata dan Transportasi Sebagai Media Promosi Pariwisata di Surakarta
Authors: Nashih Fikrun , Panindias Asmoro Nurhadi
Published: December 2021

Solo, a strategic city located on the axis of Central Java, is a city with high tourist and transit destinations because of its diverse tourism. This design uses the design thinking process method, starting from visual identity design, interface design to advertising design. While the data collection method used is a qualitative method in the form of observation, interviews, participatory and documentation analysis. Then for the design of the interface design using the principles of gestalt proximity and similarity. For the design of the ad design, it will use ambient media transit ads as a promotional medium. The result of the design is an online application platform in visual identity design, interface design, and advertising design for the application which is a platform that can help tourists in terms of accessing information and ordering tickets. And the results of the testing process can be used as an iterative process both in terms of application interface design or user experience in order to increase user satisfaction and application user effectiveness in accordance with community patterns in tourism.
Problematika Desain Komunikasi Visual dan Plagiarisme dalam Dunia Desain Grafis
Authors: Royhan Muhammad Ghoyyas , Ngabekti Dhevin Kawistoro
Published: December 2021

The development of technology, especially the internet, triggers graphic designers to be more active and creative in their work. Publication of graphic design works through social media and other media, but as a result of that plagiarism is also very rampant because of easy access to see other people's work via the internet. The formulation of the problem to get a solution through research is how to increase the creativity of the creators. Design of visual communication that is useful or beneficial for the general public and how to try to suppress plagiarism in graphic design. Qualitative Research Methods as an approach that focuses on data analysis and data solutions in understanding the social phenomena of graphic design creativity and design plagiarism that occur in society. there is also a way to just use other people's work as a source of inspiration and modify it as creatively as possible.
Dimensi Etis Iklan, Studi Kasus Pada Iklan Sampo Anti Dandruff dan Iklan Belanja Online di Media Televisi
Authors: Suandari Ni Luh Putu Ratna
Published: December 2021

The ethical dimension related to advertising ethics towards advertisements broadcast on television media often violates the rules. The case study of the Pantene advertisement version of "Anti Drandruf Ads" played by Anggun C. Sasmi and the online shop version of the Shopee advertisement with Korean artist Black Pink were criticized by KPI regarding broadcast hours and their effect on children. The perspective of this research is the ethical dimension by Kevin Johnston and Tanya Robertson, with descriptive qualitative research methods interpretive analysis of advertising criticism. The evaluative finding of advertising art criticism in this study is that the morality of advertising ethics by comparing it with other products orally is still considered reasonable but the advertising dimension is negative. In the case of the Shopee advertisement with the Black Pink artist, it contains elements of sexism that should not be consumed by children.
Drug Use Evaluation Among Elderly Patients With History of Falling in Geriatric Assessment Clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital
Authors: Wannasitthichok Muanjan , Boongird Chitima , Anothaisintawee Thunyarat , Theangjit Kittiya
Published: December 2021

Background: Drug use evaluation as an intervention approach for fall prevention has an effect on most drug-related outcomes. Geriatric assessment clinic provides comprehensive care in elderly patients. All prescribed or non-prescribed medications were evaluated by pharmacists.

Objective: To study the drug and drug-related problem among elderly patients with history of falling.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of elderly patients with history of fallings. Demographic data, health information, history of falls, and drugs use evaluation were obtained from their medical records in year 2010 to 2020. Linear regression model was used to examine the multivariate correlates to number of fallings.

Results: A total of 183 patients with history of falling were studied. Of this, 97 had recurrent falls. Most patients (77%) had more than 5 underlying diseases and over half (55%) had dementia. Drug-related problem were found 69.4%, 4 in 5 of patients used 5 types of the medications or more. The diabetes drugs were found to increase risk of recurrent falls significantly (OR [95% CI], 2.11 [1.03 - 4.33]; P < .05).

Conclusions: Most elderly patient with history of falling have drug-related problem (69.4%) and multiple morbidities including dementia. The diabetes drugs were 2 times significantly increased risk of recurrent falls. This study highlights the important of drugs management in this vulnerable group of elderly patients.
Analysis of the dynamic response of long span bridges with GNSS under typhoon loading
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Meng Xiaolin , Chen Chaohe
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, real-time bridge deformation monitoring has attracted more attention due to the development of bridge management system and land transportation safety. Huge civil engineering structures, such as long-span bridge, is susceptible to dynamic deflection caused by various loadings. Hence, precise dynamic response measurement becomes necessary to make structure more reliable and integrated. Currently, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning technology has been commonly used in this field to detect the dynamic displacement of long-span bridges. According to this, real-time data were collected from the Forth Road Bridge to observe the dynamic response of lang span bridges under extreme wind load conditions and this report has also verified the data processing technique of the real-time bridge deformation monitoring system. Compared with other monitoring methods, the method used in this report which combines GNSS and anemometer together has features of high frequency with low lag. Moreover, it also shows the superiority of post-processing and synchronization, background noises could be reduced by embedded software. Finally, according to the cross-correlation analysis, it was found that wind speed and bridge displacement in y-axis have the highest correlation. Also, the reliability of combining method to monitor the dynamic response of long-span bridge and noise reducing method proposed in this report has also been verified.
Nizamî’nin ‘Hamse’si (BL Or. 6810) Örneğinde Nakkaş Bihzâd’a Atfedilen Minyatürlerde Mimari Bezemeler
Authors: SEVER DEMİR Secil , ADIGÜZEL TOPRAK Filiz
Published: December 2021

15. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Herat’ta minyatür sanatının en önemli temsilcileri Nakkaş Bihzâd (1450-1535) ve öğrencileridir. Bu dönem, Timurlu dönemi Herat minyatür okulunun son görkemli dönemi olan Hüseyin Baykara'nın saltanat yıllarına (s. 1468-1506) rastlamaktadır. Kaynaklar, Bihzâd’ı Timurlu minyatür sanatının en iyi tasvir sanatçısı ve bu işi en mükemmel noktasına ulaştıran sanatçı olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bihzâd’ın resimlediği eserlerden, Nizamî’nin Hamse’si, Firdevsî’nin Şahname’si, Sâdi’nin Bûstan'ı vb. minyatürlü nüshalar, bugün dünyanın birçok müze ve koleksiyonunda bulunmaktadır. Bihzâd’ın yönetiminde hazırlanan minyatürlerin en belirgin özellikleri, hareketli ve gerçekçi figürler; pastel renklerde kayalıklardan oluşan dağlar; rengarenk çiçekler; ayrıntılı yapraklar ve kompozisyonun bir köşesinde görülen iri yapraklı çınar ağaçları gibi doğa elemanları olarak sıralanabilir. Bihzad’ın kompozisyonlarında dikkati çeken diğer unsur ise sahneye belirli bir derinlik verecek şekilde tasarlanmış iç ve dış mekan mimarisindeki ince işçilikli motif ve desenlerden oluşan bezemelerdir. Bu çalışmada, Londra British Library’de bulunan, 12. yüzyılda yaşamış İran edebiyatının en ünlü mesnevi şairlerinden Nizamî’nin Hamse adlı eserinin (BL Or.6810) 1495/96 tarihli minyatürlü nüshası ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada, orijinal yazma eserde bulunan Hüsrev ve Şirin, Heft Peyker ve İskendernâme başlıklı mesnevilerdeki Bihzâd’a atfedilen üç minyatürün mimari elemanlarındaki bezemeler incelenmiş ve kompozisyon bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Amaç, Bihzâd’ın mimariyi tasvir ederken aynı zamanda dönemin diğer sanat dalları olan tezhip, taş işçiliği, kalem işi, çini gibi alanlarda benzerlerini gördüğümüz desen ve motiflerden oluşan bezemelerle mekânı ve boşlukları nasıl tanımladığını analiz etmek ve aynı zamanda minyatür kompozisyonlarındaki mimaride farklı alanların desenler ile nasıl düzenlendiğine dair örnekleri ortaya koyabilmektir.
17. Yüzyılın Sonunda Bir Safevî Elçisinin Osmanlı Devleti’ne Maliyeti
Authors: ŞAHİN ALLAHVERDİ Reyhan
Published: December 2021

Osmanlı diplomasisine dair olan çalışmamız 1696 yılı sonunda II. Mustafa’nın cülusunu tebrik münasebetiyle İran’dan gönderilen ve İstanbul yerine Edirne’de ağırlanan Horasan Hakimi Ebu’l-Ma’sum Han’ın elçiliğini kapsamaktadır. Dolayısıyla elçinin tayininden itibaren doğu sınırında başlayıp geri dönüşte yine aynı yerde biten diplomasi süreciyle söz konusu elçinin Osmanlı Devleti topraklarında bulunduğu zaman diliminde devletin kendisi için verdiği “tayinat” masrafı ele alınmıştır: İran elçisinin yolculuğunda karşılama, eşlik etme, İstanbul’a gelinceye kadar elçinin ve hizmetinde bulunan maiyetinin yol güvenliğinin sağlanması, konaklama işlerinin düzenlenmesi, İstanbul’a ulaştıktan sonra Anadolu yakasından (Üsküdar), Sarayburnu’na geçirilmesi, sultanın Edirne’de bulunması sebebiyle oraya götürülmesi ve Divan-ı Hümayun’a kabul edilinceye kadar ikamet edecekleri yerlerin donatılması, Divan’a kabulleri sırasında ve sonrasında tatbik edilen teşrifat ve elçilik heyeti için yapılan harcama (tayinat) kalemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu dönemde II. Viyana Kuşatması’ndan sonra başlayan Batı cephesindeki uzun savaşın kötü gidişatına bağlı olarak İran’la mevcut barış halinin devamının sağlanması Osmanlı hükümeti açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu nedenle, Osmanlı arşiv kaynaklarına dayanan bu çalışmayla elde edilecek bulguların İran’la olan elçi teatilerinin önemini göstermeye katkı sağlaması umulmaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, elçilik heyeti için yapılan harcamalar üzerinden İran’a atfedilen stratejik ve diplomatik önem analiz edilmiştir. Keza, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Ebu’l-Masum Han’dan önce ve sonra gelen İran elçilerine karşı takip ettiği klasik elçi ağırlama usulleriyle karşılaştırıldığında, teşrifat benzerdir. Merasim ve teşrifatta eski kaidelere riayet edilmekle beraber Osmanlı Devleti’nin Avusturya ve müttefikleriyle savaşta olmasından dolayı elçi nezdinde İran’a karşı bir hayli dostluk ve büyük bir debdebe gösterildiğine dair bulgular elde edilmiştir. Yine elçinin misafir edilmesi ve huzura kabulü sırasında yapılan merasimlerin İstanbul ve saray dışında gerçekleşmesinin bazı farklı yanları bulunmaktadır. Bunlar ve ilave çıkarımlar için başta döneme dair arşiv evraklar ile çağdaş Osmanlı kronikleri ve bazı araştırmalar kullanılmıştır.
EXPERIENTIAL GROUPS IN GROUP COUNSELORS TRAINING: A VIEW THROUGH THE MULTIPLICITY OF CONTEXTS
Authors: Jakubkaitė Birutė , Kočiūnas Rimantas A.
Published: December 2021

Experiential groups are one of prevailing forms of group counsellor training, which is devoted to exploring group dynamics and other aspects of group work through direct personal experience. However, there is still too little research carried out in this topic and some lack of consistency appears in this field of research. The research reported here was aimed at analyzing group participants’ perceptions of multiplicity of contexts, as a distinctive characteristic of such group, which appears due to different goals raised and variety of roles performed in the same group. A qualitative approach was employed in this study using semi-structured interviews with graduates from international group therapy program. 5 participants of the Group therapy training program at the Institute of Humanistic and Existential Psychology (Lithuania) were chosen for this study. Besides theoretical lectures, program participants went through three experiential groups that were guided by experienced group counselors and also gained sort-time group guiding experience. The work of all groups was observed by two program supervisors. Study participants were asked to share the experience about taking part in group counselors training program, mostly focusing on experiential groups and their discussions with supervisors. The data gathered during interviews then was subjected to thematic analysis. Based on the results, the main topics related to group multiplicity were revealed and discussed: intrapersonal context of participants; organizational context of the training program; interpersonal context and wholeness context. Intrapersonal context of participants was associated not only with their personal dynamics in experiential group process, but also with participant’s personal traits, motivation, anticipatory expectations, attitude towards psychological help, the training program, other participants, experiential group counselors and supervisors. Talking about organizational context of the training program participants mentioned analysis writing that assisted in better understanding of experiential group processes and structuring own experience. Experiential groups and their supervision processes were perceived by participants as extended and complementing each other. Interpersonal context encompassed interactions with group participants, group counselors and supervisors. Wholeness context involved the perception of group dynamics in experiential group as well as in participating in the whole training program. Perception of this wholeness helped participants understand the multidimensionality of training and adapt to it. According to data of this study it can be noted that these various contexts are intertwined together, therefore it would be useful to focus separately on each of them in the future. This could assist in more detailed and clear understanding of their interactions.
Key words: counselor in training, experiential group, group counselors.
PSYCHOLOGICAL RECURRENCES AND INTERVENTION PROPOSAL FOR PATIENTS FOLLOWING BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: Reséndiz Barragán Aída M. , Sierra Murguía Mariana A.
Published: December 2021

Obesity has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an epidemic, due to a growth trend in obesity rates over the past 60 years and it is estimated that by 2015 there will be approximately 2.3 billion overweighed adults and 700 million obese adults worldwide. Bariatric surgery has shown to be the most effective intervention for the treatment of severe obesity with better long-term results. While most post-operative patients of bariatric surgery show improvement in psychopathology and quality of life, psychological recurrences have been identified thereafter. It has been reported that for people who have not been able to implement changes in their lifestyle, the result of the operation may not be optimal and may even be counterproductive with undesirable outcomes, such as recovery of lost weight, malnutrition, depression and anxiety, as well as using food as a soothing agent to stressful stimuli, present failures in following the diet, as well as dissatisfaction with the staff of the clinic
In recent years the number of bariatric surgeries performed annually has tripled showing a tendency to continue increasing, psychosocial and behavioral factors play a fundamental role in the long- term effects of the surgery; for this reason, the objective of this study is to describe the main psychological recurrences after bariatric surgery as well as a proposal for post-surgical cognitive behavioral group psychological support.
Key words: bariatric surgery, obesity, post bariatric surgery, psychological intervention.
FACTORS OF RESILIENCE, WISDOM AND SELF-EFFICACY AS POSITIVE RESOURCES OF LEADERS IN SAMPLE OF LATVIAN BUSSINESS MANAGERS
Authors: Svence Guna , Greaves Vineta
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate relationships between positive psychology resources – resilience, general self-efficacy and wisdom dimensions – cognitive, reflective and affective in different level business leaders and to investigate differences between two groups of leaders – with higher general self-efficacy and lower general self-efficacy. The study was carried out based on theories of psychological resources. Resources not only buffer against the potentially harmful stress effects of the demands of working life, but may promote development and optimal performance, which is necessary for leaders to be able to meet increasing demands of their role. 83 respondents (57 women, 26 men) different level business leaders participated in the study.
Results showed that in sample of leaders group there are statistically significant relationships between resilience and self-efficacy, resilience and reflective wisdom dimension, self-efficacy and wisdom reflective and cognitive dimensions. Results of difference analysis showed that there are differences in levels of psychological resources between high general self-efficacy leaders and low general self-efficacy leaders. High general self-efficacy leaders showed higher results in all tested psychological resources and statistically significant differences between two groups were reported in resilience. Results suggest that low self-efficacy leaders would be less able to adapt to uncertainty, and/ or bounce back or recover from stress. Research results suggest that higher level of general self-efficacy is related to higher levels of resources – resilience and wisdom.
Key words: psychological resources, resilience, self-efficacy, wisdom.
Mostra Artística Virtual: reinventando os círculos populares de cultura no IV Legado Freireano
Authors: Freitas Oliveira Thais , Margarete Sampaio de Carvalho Braga Maria , Da Silva Souza Davison
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever a experiência de construção da Mostra Artística Virtual, programação decorrente do IV Legado Freireano. O trabalho apresenta elementos de análise que identificam traços da reinvenção dos Círculos de Cultura Popular de Paulo Freire. Os autores participaram da organização e coordenação dos Círculos de Cultura como mediadores e participantes com apresentação de trabalho. Além dos registros das ações desenvolvidas, recorreu-se a uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico, tendo, como base, Freire (2020; 2019), Brandão e Fagundes (2016). A análise da experiência permite revelar nítidas aproximações do processo vivenciado com a Pedagogia Freireana, tendo como propósito comum a busca pela construção de uma educação crítica e libertadora.
As contribuições de Georg Lukács para a compreensão da categoria trabalho e os complexos sociais
Authors: Laureano Machado Aline , Silva de Oliveira Juscilene
Published: December 2021

O escopo do resumo consiste em analisar, de modo geral, as contribuições teóricas e filosóficas de Lukács para a compreensão do trabalho como categoria fundante do ser social, bem como analisar os complexos sociais da educação e da linguagem que surgiram e desenvolveram-se concomitantes ao trabalho. Nesse sentido, entende-se que esta pesquisa ergue-se mediante algumas indagações: quais as necessidades de compreensão a respeito dos complexos há pouco mencionados? Como o trabalho poderia ser parte fundante do desenvolvimento social desses complexos?.A pesquisa é de natureza teórico-bibliográfica, referenciadas em autores marxistas clássicos e contemporâneos, tendo o materialismo histórico dialético como método balizador.
PyMEs Agropecuarias: Presentación de los Estados Contables y Resolución Técnica Nº 22 en Entre Ríos
Authors: Schwarzkopf Alicia
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación plantea como eje central si la Resolución Técnica Nº 22, modificada por la Resolución Técnica Nº 46, es una norma operativamente viable en su aplicación práctica para los Pequeños y Medianos Productores Agropecuarios de la Provincia de Entre Ríos. El trabajo de campo se centra en información primaria cuantitativa basada en encuestas cerradas a profesionales matriculados en el Consejo Profesional de Ciencias Económicas. Se compararon las Normas Contables Profesionales vigentes y las aplicadas por los encuestados, obteniendo conclusiones que invitan a seguir el análisis, destacandoque un alto porcentaje de los profesionales encuestados no registran los activos biológicos como tales, según los criterios de la RT 22, generando distorsiones en la información.
Identidades de la Educación a Distancia en Argentina
Authors: Tourn Luciana Rita
Published: December 2021

La Educación a Distancia (EaD) en la Argentina, desde el siglo xx y principios del xxi, no ha tenido una identidad única; ha ido transformándose de acuerdo a los diferentes procesos históricos y factores de desarrollo. El significado de dicha modalidad educativa responde a ciertas condiciones de existencia o exterioridad constitutiva, cuyos elementos varían históricamente, sin la intención de constituir una totalidad esencialista. En esta producción, siguiendo los aportes del Análisis Político de Discurso (APD), en la línea de los desarrollos de Laclau y Mouffe y los aportes de Buenfil Burgos, se aborda la EaD como un significante flotante, dado que presenta una imposibilidad de ser fijada definitivamente a un significado diferencial y particular. A partir de la lectura y análisis de superficies textuales de documentos, resoluciones, decretos y leyes, entre otras fuentes, se puntualizará sus distintas articulaciones significativas a lo largo de dicho período histórico.
Fecha de recepción: 25/7/2021
Fecha de aceptación: 31/8/2021
Development and study of the stability of comenic acid solutions
Authors: Bitkina T. A. , Basevich A. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article presents the development of solutions based on the comenic acid substance. The criteria of the studied compositions that affect their stability during storage are evaluated within the framework of the Quality-by-Design concept. The optimal compositions of comenic acid solutions have been established.

Aim. The purpose of the study is to develop solutions based on the comenic acid substance and determine the most stable variants of execution.

Materials and methods. The study of comenic acid solutions was carried out by using a laboratory pH meter PB-11-P11 (SARTORIUS, Germany) and a liquid/ion chromatograph "Stayer" ("Akvilon" JSC, Russia).

Results and discussion. The study made it possible to determine the most stable compositions of solutions based on the comenic acid substance and to establish optimal indicators of their stability criteria. It was found that solutions of comenic acid are the most stable in the pH range: from 4.0 to 6.0. At the same time, regardless of the studied methods of neutralization of comenic acid, solutions are unstable at concentrations of 25 mg/ml or more.

Conclusion. As a result of the study, the optimal compositions of solutions based on the comenic acid substance were determined. A comparative analysis of excipients that increase the solubility of comenic acid in aqueous solvents is performed. The stability criteria of the studied solutions are established and their values for ensuring the stability of the developed drug are determined.
Using high performance thin layer chromatography for the detection of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites in Empetrum nigrum L.
Authors: Ponkratova A. O. , Whaley A. K. , Luzhanin V. G. , Zhokhova E. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article presents the results of the detection of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites in black crowberry Empetrum nigrum L. using the method of high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC).

Aim. To show the efficiency of HPTLC for conducting preliminary phytochemical analysis to determine the main groups of metabolites in promising medicinal plant species.

Materials and methods. HPTLC analysis was carried out on a CAMAG device (Switzerland), using MERCK HPTLC silica gel 60 F154, 20 × 10 cm plates. For the evaporation of the samples, a Heidolph vacuum rotary evaporator (Germany) was used. The aerial parts (shoots) of Empetrum nigrum were harvested next to St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (SPCPU) nursery garden of medicinal plants (Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Priozerskoe Highway, 38 km) in August 2019.

Results and discussion. In the course of the research, four fractions from the aerial parts of Empetrum nigrum were obtained: hexane, dichloromethane, butanol, and water. Then, these fractions were investigated by HPTLC in two solvent systems – n-butanol : acetic acid : water (BAW) (4 : 1 : 2) and hexane : dichloromethane : methanol (HDM) (1 : 2 : 0.5). After scanning densitometric analysis of the plates eluted in the HDM system, it was revealed, that the hexane and dichloromethane fractions have a similar composition and contain the greatest amount of compounds, compared to the butanol and water fractions, and in the BAW system, it was found, that the butanol fraction contains the greatest variety of metabolites. As a result of UV spectroscopy, it was found, that the main groups of compounds contained in the hexane and dichloromethane fractions are derivatives of chalcones, dihydrochalcones, bibenzyls and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes. While in the butanol fraction, the main groups of secondary metabolites were derivatives of flavonoids and tannins

Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to note the efficiency, speed and simplicity of HPTLC for conducting preliminary phytochemical analysis to determine the main groups of metabolites of promising medicinal plant species.
Effect of the clathrate complex of selenopyran and β-cyclodextrin on the rate of healing of a conditionally aseptic full-thickness planar wound in rats
Authors: Zayats D. V. , Buyklinskaya O. V. , Fedotova Ju. R. , Felenko N. S.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Selenopyran is an organic selenium compound with sharply hydrophobic properties. An increase in solubility in water (and as a consequence – and bioavailability) is possible due to the formation of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins.

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the effect of a gel containing a clathrate complex of selenopyran with β-cyclodextrin on the rate of wound healing on a model of a conditionally aseptic full-thickness planar wound in rats.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was a gel containing a clathrate complex of selenopyran with β-cyclodextrin (the content of selenopyran in the gel was 0.1 %). A model of a full-thickness planar wound in sexually mature male rats was used. 20 individuals were divided into 2 groups – intact (without treatment) and experimental (received gel treatment). Efficacy was assessed by the change in wound area at 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14 days after application of wound.

Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the relative area of the wounds in the treated animals by the 3rd day of the experiment was less than in the intact ones. On the fifth day of the experiment, the differences were statistically significant (57.49 ± 12.51 % in treated animals versus 85.27 ± 26.61 % in intact animals). By the 14th day of the experiment, there were practically no differences in the groups of animals.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that when using a gel containing selenopyran in combination with β-cyclodextrin, it accelerates the transition from the inflammation phase to the proliferation phase. This is most likely due to the antioxidant properties of selenopyran. Considering the lower concentration of selenopyran in comparison with the therapeutic concentrations of other antioxidants (taurine, allantoin), it can be considered as a promising wound healing agent for further study.
Laboratory diagnosis of the Tropicamide non-drug consumption
Authors: Strelova O. Yu. , Slustovskaya Yu. V. , Grebenyuk A. N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Lately, medical services have reported a lot of cases caused by taking Tropicamide alone or with other drugs together. Moreover, it has been declared that the increase in the number of resistance cases to Tropicamide consumption has. Due to those facts, Tropicamide was included in the List of Drugs for Medical Use that should be served by the prescriptions in 2015. However, nowadays in Russia there are many combinations of medicines, for instance, Tropicamide and α-adrenergic agonist (phenylephrine) (Midrimax, Fenikamid, Appamide plus) that are not under that regulation. As a result, those medicines are served in pharmacies without any prescriptions. Thus, method developing for Tropicamide determination in the hair samples to establish his consumption period has become a perspective one.

Aim. The research aimed to develop a method for the isolation and determination of Tropicamide in the hair samples.

Materials and method. Reference standard of Tropicamide was used in this research. The following enzymes – papain, chymopsin, chymotrypsin, and hyaluronidase – were applied in the experiment. To design the long-term consumption of Tropicamide, laboratory animals (Guinea pigs, average masses about 200 – 250 g) with fair and brown nature colour hair were used in this research. The hair of laboratory animals was dyed by professional hair-dye "Estel Professional De Luxe". The following equipment was applied: balance "Sartorius СР224S", pH-meter " FiveEasy ", ball mill Retsch MM-200. The hair samples extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (Gas chromatograph model 7890А with mass selective detector model 5977 and MassHunter GC/MS software by Agilent Technologies).

Results and discussion. All developed methods of enzymatic hydrolysis (by papain, chymopsin, chymotrypsin, and hyaluronidase) revealed comparable results for the Tropicamide determination in the hair samples. The research showed that the amount of the analyte isolated from the pigmented hair was a bit higher in comparison with the other hair samples (fair hair), despite the melanin gives chemical steadiness property to hair stuff. Moreover, the amount of Tropicamide extracted from the dyed hair samples increased by 30 %. The degradation products of the analyte of interest were not found in the extracts obtained for the dyed hair samples. Thus, the colorant does not destroy the xenobiotic during the hair dying procedure and does not impact the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The values of the validation parameters (precision and accuracy) met the required criteria for bioanalytical methods. Therefore, the enzymatic hydrolysis method can be recommended for application in laboratory practice.

Conclusion. In the course of the study, a method for laboratory diagnostics of non-drug use of tropicamide was developed, the reproducibility of which meets the acceptance criteria for bioanalytical methods, which makes it possible to recommend it for work in laboratory practice.
Comparative GC-MS analysis of the composition of metabolites of aboveground and underground parts of Comarum palustre L
Authors: Strugar J. , Orlova A. A. , Povydysh M. N.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Understanding the mechanisms of accumulation of individual groups of biologically active substances in promising types of plant raw materials and the possibility of predicting them is important for solving fundamental and applied problems of pharmaceuticals. To date, differences have been revealed in the qualitative and quantitative composition of secondary metabolites in the aboveground and underground of Comarum palustre L., however, the issue remains unstudied.

Aim. Comparative metabolomic study of the composition of the primary metabolites of the aboveground and underground parts of Comarum palustre L.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was the aboveground and underground parts of Comarum palustre L., harvested in the vicinity of the nursery of medicinal plants of the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University (Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhsky District, Priozerskoe Highway, 38 km) in 2019 and dried. Metabolomic studies based on GC-MS method was perfomed. A statistical analysis based on the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 platform was used.

Results and discussion. Analysis of the chromatograms obtained using the GC-MS method revealed the content of 933 primary metabolites in the aboveground and underground parts of Comarum palustre L., 120 of which were identified. Using a number of statistical methods, 10 metabolites from monosaccharides, acids and alcohols, making the greatest contribution to the manifestation of differences between the studied samples, were identified.

Conclusion. The study revealed the relationship between the composition of primary and secondary metabolites in medicinal plant raw materials.
Aproveitamento do caulim e proposta para recuperação da área minerada no Sítio Galo Branco, Equador, RN
Authors: Sousa Antônio Pedro Ferreira , Farias Claudia Gomes de , Pasquali Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt , Moura Iure Borges de Aquino , Araújo Sérgio Murilo Santos de , Ferreira Defsson Douglas de Araújo
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns aspectos importantes do aproveitamento do caulim no Sítio Galo Branco, localizado em Equador, RN, no Seridó, e uma proposta para a recuperação da área minerada. Além disso, apresentar uma abordagem sobre os riscos que ocorrem no processo de extração do caulim, as condições de saúde e segurança no trabalho, os impactos gerados pelas práticas inadequadas utilizadas e sugerir ações para a melhoria do desempenho técnico, ambiental e socioeconômico dessa atividade. Para tanto, como procedimento metodológico, foi realizado uma revisão da literatura existente que aborda a temática em estudo, juntamente com visitas técnicas à região. Por fim, recomenda-se a necessidade de uma política pública eficaz e eficiente de apoio aos micros e pequenos mineradores da região, assim como ações de recuperação de áreas degradadas.
Biodegradação do petróleo por células bacterianas imobilizadas em esferas de amido de milho e alginato
Authors: Sampaio Carla Jaqueline Silva , Souza José Roberto Bispo de , Carvalho Gilson Correia de , Quintella Cristina Maria , Roque Milton Ricardo de Abreu
Published: December 2021

As células imobilizadas apresentam vantagens na remoção de hidrocarbonetos do petróleo, quando comparadas ao uso de células livres. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de degradação de hidrocarbonetos por bactérias imobilizadas em matrizes de suporte compostas de alginato de potássio comercial e amido de milho. A matriz polimérica imobilizadora foi desenvolvida com alginato dental 2% e amido de milho 0,5% e 1%. As matrizes apresentam macroporos internamente, boa capacidade de imobilizar células, aumento da respiração basal (F2 e F3: 4 mg / l CO2 60 dias), biomassa bacteriana (F1: 1,5 x 106 UFC / g 60 dias) e remoção de n-alcanos e HPAs do sedimento, quando comparados às células livres (0 mg / l CO2; 0,3 x 106 UFC / g 60 dias). Os hidrocarbonetos aromáticos benzo (a) antraceno e antraceno não foram degradados. Naftaleno e dibenzo (a) antraceno atingiram taxas de degradação de 60% e 80%, respectivamente. Portanto, o consórcio testado e a matriz polimérica desenvolvida são promissores para uso na biorremediação de ambientes contaminados por hidrocarbonetos.
Tafsir Ayat-Ayat Kekerasan Seksual: Analisis Metodologis Terhadap Penafsiran Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia (KUPI)
Authors: Muflihah Anisa , Mursyid Ali
Published: December 2021

Data telah menunjukkan bahwa, kasus kekerasan seksual angkanya terus meningkat, termasuk dalam lembaga pendidikan sekalipun. Sementara itu Permendikbud No. 30 tahun 2021 yang bertujuan untuk mencegah dan menangani kekerasan seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. Pada tahun 2017, diselenggarakan Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia (KUPI), yang di antaranya membahas tentang kekerasaan seksual. Penafsiran ayat-ayat kekerasan seksual dalam perspektif KUPI di antaranya menyatakan dua hal: Pertama, kekerasan seksual baik dilakukan di luar perkawinan maupun di dalam perkawinan, hukumnya haram. Kedua, perkosaan dan perzinahan, meski sama-sama hubungan seksual yang dilarang Islam, namun keduanya berbeda. Perkosaan adalah hirâbah di mana pelaku memaksa korban untuk berhubungan seksual, dalam hal ini pelaku dan korban berbeda. Pelaku melakukan dua tindakan terlarang sekaligus yakni perzinahan dan pemaksaan. Sementara korban tidak melakukan kesalahan karena dipaksa, sehingga korban kekerasan seksual tidak boleh disamakan dengan kasus perzinahan, dan seharusya korban kekerasan seksual diberikan konpensasi. Inilah di antara hasil Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia (KUPI) yang tertulis dalam Dokumen KUPI. Adapun dalam menganalisa digunakan pisau analisa Ilmu Tafsir, yang menganlisa sumber penafsiran, paradigma dan prinsip penafsiran, metode tafsir dan corak penafsiran. Dari hasil analisa tersebut, tentang metodologi penafsiran KUPI terkait ayat-ayat kekerasan seksual adalah: pertama, sumber penafsiran pada KUPI adalah campuran, menafsirkan dengan sumber bi al-ma‟tsûr dan menafsirkan dengan sumber bi alra‟yi. Sumber bi al-ma‟tsûr-nya menafsirkan Al-Qur‟an dengan AlQur‟an dan Al-Qur‟an dengan Sunnah/Hadits. Dalam hal ini KUPI menggunakan munâsabah antar ayat dengan ayat lainnya, antar ayat dengan hadis. Sedangkan sumber bi al-ra‟yi-nya itu dengan merujuk padangan-pandangan para ulama ahli fiqih. Kedua, prinsip-prinsip penafsiran KUPI adalah prinsip kemanusiaan, keadilan, kesetaraan, ketersalingan, kebaikan, kemaslahatan, kebangsaan, dan keadilan gender. Ketiga, metode Penafsiran KUPI menggunakan metode maudhu`i  dengan  pendekatan teori mubadalah. Keempat, corak penafsiran KUPI menggunakan corak fiqih, karena memang pembahsan penafsiran ayat yang dilakukan, kemudian berujung pada penetapan hukum Islam. Selain itu juga karena pandangan ulama-ulama tafsir yang dirujuk juga kebanyakan adalah mufassir dan para ahli fiqih.
Sumber Pendidikan Islam Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an: Tafsir Tarbawi Term Tarbiyyah dan Ta’lim
Authors: Rosidin Rosidin
Published: December 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan memformulasikan sumber pendidikan Islam melalui implementasi metode tafsir tarbawi tematis yang ditujukan pada ayat-ayat yang memuat term Rabb dan derivasinya sebagai representasi pendidikan Islam dalam konteks tarbiyyah; dan ayat-ayat yang memuat term „Allama dan derivasinya sebagai representasi pendidikan Islam dalam konteks ta‟lim. Ada tiga temuan artikel ini. Pertama, dari 977 term Rabb dan derivasinya dalam Al-Qur‟an, 972 term menunjuk Allah Swt sebagai sumber pendidikan; dan 5 term menunjuk manusia sebagai sumber pendidikan. Sedangkan dari 41 term „Allama dan derivasinya, 24 ayat menunjuk Allah Swt sebagai sumber pendidikan; dan 17 term menunjuk makhluk selain Allah Swt sebagai sumber pendidikan, terutama manusia. Kedua, sumber pendidikan Islam menurut perspektif Al-Qur‟an dalam konteks tarbiyyah dan ta‟lim adalah Allah Swt dan manusia. Ketiga, Allah Swt dan manusia sebagai sumber pendidikan Islam, direalisasikan melalui empat sumber ilmu pengetahuan, yaitu sumber wahyu (Al-Qur‟an dan al-Sunnah), intuisi (ilham dan inspirasi), akal (ijtihad dan penalaran), dan alat indera (terutama pendengaran dan penglihatan).
Age-Dependent Changes in the Function of Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability Transition Pore in Rat Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Endlicher R. , Drahota Z. , Kučera O. , Červinková Z.
Published: December 2021

Mitochondria play an important role in the cell aging process. Changes in calcium homeostasis and/or increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production lead to the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), depolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and decrease of ATP production. Our work aimed to monitor age-related changes in the Ca2+ ion effect on MPTP and the ability of isolated rat liver mitochondria to accumulate calcium. The mitochondrial calcium retention capacity (CRC) was found to be significantly affected by the age of rats. Measurement of CRC values of the rat liver mitochondria showed two periods when 3 to17-week old rats were tested. 3-week and 17-week old rats showed lower CRC values than 7-week old animals. Similar changes were observed while testing calcium-induced swelling of rat liver mitochondria. These findings indicate that the mitochondrial energy production system is more resistant to calcium-induced MPTP opening accompanied by the damaging effect of ROS in adult rats than in young and aged animals.
Primary Ionization Density Produced by Charged Fragments in the Working Volume of the Fission Chambers
Authors: Khrushchinsky A. A. , Kuten S. A.
Published: December 2021

The question of the spatial distribution of ion pairs created by 235U fission fragments in the active volume of the fission chamber has been studied. The formulas of the spatial distribution of ion pairs in cylindrical fission chambers are proposed, which allows you to evaluate correctly the density of ion pairs in any point in the sensitive volume of the fission chamber
Influence of Structural, Electronic and Spin Properties of ND[NV] - Surface Group Conjugates on Formation of Their Biological Activity: Quantum Chemical Simulations
Authors: Pushkarchuk A. L. , Kuten S. A. , Kilin S. Ya. , Nizovtsev A. P. , Pushkarchuk V. A. , Michels D.L. , Lyakhov D. , Jelezko F.
Published: December 2021

To estimate possible biological activity of conjugates based on nanodiamond with an NV center inside (ND[NV]), with various functional groups located on its surface, their structural, electronic, and spin properties were calculated using the PM6 method. The energy gap between HOMO and LUMO of the complex was used as a main indicator of biological activity. It has been shown that complexes with OH or H groups attached to the (111) surface are most stable in an aqueous medium. Analysis of spin density and HOMO and LUMO localization shows that complexes ND[NV] may be not just an inert carrier of a biologically active drug or means of visualizing drug delivery, but are also directly involved in the formation of the biological activity of the conjugate.
Comparison Between Different Growth Functions of the Jatropha Curcas Plant with Random Attack Pattern of Whitefly
Authors: Das Roshmi , Sarkar Ashis Kumar
Published: December 2021

We have proposed here two deterministic models of Jatropha Curcas plant and Whitefly that simulate the dynamics of interaction between them where the distribution of Whitefly on plant follows Poisson distribution.In the first model growth rate of the plant is assumed to be in logistic form whereas in the second model it is taken as exponential form. The attack pattern and the growth of the whitefly are assumed as Holling type II function.The first model results a globally stable state and in the second one we find a globally attracting steady state for some parameter values,and a stable limit cycle for some other parameter values. It is also shown that there exist Hopf bifurcation with respect to some parameter values. The paper also discusses the question about persistence and permanence of the model. It is found that the specific growth rate of both the population and attack pattern of the whitefly governs the dynamics of both the models.
Structure of the plane waves for a spin 3/2 particle, massive and massless cases, gauge symmetry
Authors: Ivashkevich A.V.
Published: December 2021

The structure of the plane waves solutions for a relativistic spin 3/2 particle described by 16-component vector-bispinor is studied. In massless case, two representations are used: Rarita – Schwinger basis, and a special second basis in which the wave equation contains the Levi-Civita tensor. In the second representation it becomes evident the existence of gauge solutions in the form of 4-gradient of an arbitrary bispinor. General solution of the massless equation consists of six independent components, it is proved in an explicit form that four of them may be identified with the gauge solutions, and therefore may be removed. This procedure is performed in the Rarita – Schwinger basis as well. For the massive case, in Rarita – Schwinger basis four independent solutions are constructed explicitly.