bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Pattern and Evolution Trend of the New Four Modernizations Synchronous Development in China: An Analysis Based on Panel Data from 31 Provinces
Authors: Li Yang , Zhu Kunlin , Li Xianghui , Talib Zunirah Mohd , Xian Brian Teo Sheng
Published: April 2023

The New Four Modernizations (NFM) synchronous development strategy proposed by the Chinese government is an important part of Chinese modernization and is of great significance in promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of the social economy. This paper aims to provide a framework for analyzing the dynamic evolution pattern of China’s NFM synchronous development. We expounded on the theoretical basis of China’s NFM synchronous development strategy. Then, the entropy method and convergence model were used to analyze the dynamic pattern and evolution trend of the NFM synchronous development in China. The findings are as follows: (1) In terms of the current situation of NFM development, China’s new urbanization and industrialization were in the middle stage, while informationization and agricultural modernization were in the initial stage of rapid development. (2) The level of China’s NFM synchronous development continued to improve, but the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsynchronized development remained prominent. There were great differences in the development levels of China’s new urbanization, industrialization, informationization, and agricultural modernization, which showed that there was a problem of unbalanced and unsynchronized development within China’s NFM. On the other hand, the synchronous development level of NFM in the eastern, central, and western regions of China showed a spatial pattern of decline although the eastern region was clearly higher than the central and western regions; this revealed that the regional development of NFM in China was unbalanced and uncoordinated. (3) China’s NFM synchronous development has significant σ-convergence and β-convergence, indicating that backward regions are catching up and regional differences will gradually narrow in the future. This study is helpful in understanding the current situation as well as the dynamic pattern and future evolution trend of NFM synchronous development in emerging countries such as China.
A State of Review on Instigating Resources and Technological Sustainable Approaches in Green Construction
Authors: Vijayan Dhanasingh Sivalinga , Devarajan Parthiban , Sivasuriyan Arvindan , Stefańska Anna , Koda Eugeniusz , Jakimiuk Aleksandra , Vaverková Magdalena Daria , Winkler Jan , Duarte Carlos C. , Corticos Nuno D.
Published: April 2023

Green building is a way to reduce the impact of the building stock on the environment, society, and economy. Despite the significance of a systematic review for the upcoming project, few studies have been conducted. Studies within the eco-friendly construction scope have been boosted in the past few decades. The present review study intends to critically analyse the available literature on green buildings by identifying the prevalent research approaches and themes. Among these recurring issues are the definition and scope of green buildings, the quantification of green buildings’ advantages over conventional ones, and several green building production strategies. The study concludes that the available research focuses mainly on the environmental side of green buildings. In contrast, other crucial points of green building sustainability, such as social impacts, are often neglected. Future research objectives include the effects of climate on the effectiveness of green building assessment methods; verification of the actual performance of green buildings; specific demographic requirements; and future-proofing.
Evaluation and Implication of the Policies towards China’s Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Wang Shenghang , Tan Shen , Xu Jiaming
Published: April 2023

China announced it will achieve a carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 to fulfill its international obligations and mitigate climate risk. Related activities and polices were introduced in several sectors before this announcement. The performance and outcome of these activities provide necessary a priori knowledge for the designation and optimization of future policies. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation covering major sectors based on multisource data is proposed. The results show that although China is the largest CO2 emitter for the current stage, the increasing rate of carbon emissions has been significantly mitigated since the 2010s. This reduction in emissions can be accelerated by the carbon-trading scheme in pilot regions. As a substitution for fossil energy, there have been tens of thousands of increases in wind turbines and photovoltaic plants in the past decade. Additionally, an enhancement of the terrestrial carbon sink was detected by time-series remote sensing data. The results of this study demonstrate that China’s carbon activities in the past decade have received reasonable outcomes, which will benefit the optimization of related government policies. The improved legislation and policies of China can strengthen the regulation of emissions while promoting the quantity and quality of carbon sinks. At the same time, the improvement of the carbon emissions trading mechanism, especially the establishment of a marketing regulation mechanism, can significantly motivate interest-related communities and industries to abort high-carbon emissions and ensure the implementation of carbon neutrality in the future.
Simulations of Dynamical Electronic Vortices in Charge and Spin Density Waves
Authors: Kirova Natasha , Brazovskii Serguei
Published: April 2023

Charge and spin density waves are typical symmetry broken states of quasi one-dimensional electronic systems. They demonstrate such common features of all incommensurate electronic crystals as a spectacular non-linear conduction by means of the collective sliding and susceptibility to the electric field. These phenomena ultimately require for emergence of static and transient topological defects: there are dislocations as space vortices and space-time vortices known as phase slip centers, i.e., a kind of instantons. Dislocations are statically built-in under a transverse electric field; their sweeping provides a conversion among the normal carriers and condensate which ensures the onset of the collective sliding. A special realization in a high magnetic field, when the density wave is driven by the Hall voltage, originated by quantized normal carriers, reveals the dynamic vorticity serving to annihilate compensating normal and collective currents. Spin density waves, with their rich multiplicative order parameter, bring to life complex objects with half-integer topologically bound vorticities in charge and spin degrees of freedom. We present the basic concepts and modelling results of the stationary states and their transient dynamics involving vorticity. The models take into account multiple fields in their mutual non-linear interactions: the complex order parameter, the self-consistent electric field, and the reaction of normal carriers. We explore the traditional time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau approach and introduce its generalization allowing the treatment of intrinsic normal carriers. The main insights and illustrations come from numerical solutions to partial differential equations for the dissipative dynamics of one and two space dimensions.
Some Refinements of the Tensorial Inequalities in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Stojiljković Vuk , Ramaswamy Rajagopalan , Abdelnaby Ola A. Ashour , Radenović Stojan
Published: April 2023

Hermite–Hadamard inequalities and their refinements have been investigated for a long period of time. In this paper, we obtained refinements of the Hermite–Hadamard inequality of tensorial type for the convex functions of self-adjoint operators in Hilbert spaces. The obtained inequalities generalize the previously obtained inequalities by Dragomir. We also provide useful Lemmas which enabled us to obtain the results. The examples of the obtained inequalities for specific convex functions have been given in the example and consequences section. Symmetry in the upper and lower bounds can be seen in the last Theorem of the paper given, as the upper and lower bounds differ by a constant.
Modeling Clock Comparison Experiments to Test Special Relativity
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yu , Huang Jin-Shu , Liu Cong-Bin , Xu Xiu-Mei , Cheng Jin-Bing , Chang Wan , Zhou Yu-Yu , Wang Ya-Jie
Published: April 2023

The clock comparison experiments to test special relativity mainly include the Michelson–Morley experiment, Kennedy–Thorndike experiment, Ives–Stilwell experiment and the comparison experiment of atomic clocks in two locations. These experiments can be roughly classified as the comparison of two types of clocks: optical clocks and atomic clocks. Through the comparison of such clocks, Lorentz invariance breaking parameters in the RMS framework can be tested. However, in such experiments, the structural effects of optical clocks have been fully considered, yet the structural effects of atomic clocks have not been carefully studied. Based on this, this paper analyzes the structural effects of atomic clocks in detail and divides the experiments into six types: the comparison of two atomic clocks, two optical clocks, and atomic clocks and optical clocks placed in different and the same locations. Finally, correction parameters for the experimental measurements are given.
Can a Rotating Black Hole Be Overspun in Seven Dimensions?
Authors: Shaymatov Sanjar , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Karimbaev Eldor
Published: April 2023

Five-dimensional rotating black holes with two rotations could be overspun except for a single rotation, whereas a black hole in six dimensions always obeys the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) in the weak form even for linear particle accretion. In this paper, we investigate the overspinning of a seven-dimensional rotating black hole with three rotation parameters. It is shown that a black hole in the seven dimensions cannot be similarly overspun, thereby obeying the WCCC even under linear particle accretion. It turns out that a black hole always respects the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in seven dimensions.
Conserved Sequences in the 5′ and 3′ Untranslated Regions of Jingmenvirus Group Representatives
Authors: Litov Alexander G. , Okhezin Egor V. , Kholodilov Ivan S. , Belova Oxana A. , Karganova Galina G.
Published: April 2023

The Jingmenvirus group (JVG), with members such as Jingmen tick virus (JMTV), Alongshan virus (ALSV), Yanggou tick virus (YGTV), and Takachi virus (TAKV), is drawing attention due to evidence of it causing disease in humans and its unique genome architecture. In the current work, complete untranslated regions (UTRs) of four strains of ALSV and eight strains of YGTV were obtained. An analysis of these sequences, as well as JVG sequences from GenBank, uncovered several regions within viral UTRs that were highly conserved for all the segments and viruses. Bioinformatics predictions suggested that the UTRs of all the segments of YGTV, ALSV, and JMTV could form similar RNA structures. The most notable feature of these structures was a stable stem-loop with one (5′ UTR) or two (3′ UTR) AAGU tetraloops on the end of a hairpin.
A Rice Receptor-like Protein Negatively Regulates Rice Resistance to Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus Infection
Authors: Wang Fengmin , Song Weiqi , Huang Chaorui , Wei Zhongyan , Li Yanjun , Chen Jianping , Zhang Hehong , Sun Zongtao
Published: April 2023

Plants rely on various receptor-like proteins and receptor-like kinases to recognize and defend against invading pathogens. However, research on the role of receptor-like proteins in plant antiviral defense, particularly in rice–virus interactions, is limited. In this study, we identified a receptor-like gene, OsBAP1, which was significantly induced upon infection with southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) infection. A viral inoculation assay showed that the OsBAP1 knockout mutant exhibited enhanced resistance to SRBSDV infection, indicating that OsBAP1 plays a negatively regulated role in rice resistance to viral infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the genes involved in plant–pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, oxidation–reduction reactions, and protein phosphorylation pathways were significantly enriched in OsBAP1 mutant plants (osbap1-cas). Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis further demonstrated that some defense-related genes were significantly induced during SRBSDV infection in osbap1-cas mutants. Our findings provide new insights into the role of receptor-like proteins in plant immune signaling pathways, and demonstrate that OsBAP1 negatively regulates rice resistance to SRBSDV infection.
BAK-Mediated Pyroptosis Promotes Japanese Encephalitis Virus Proliferation in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells
Authors: Xu Weimin , Yang Ke , Zheng Yi , Cao Sanjie , Yan Qigui , Huang Xiaobo , Wen Yiping , Zhao Qin , Du Senyan , Lang Yifei , Zhao Shan , Wu Rui
Published: April 2023

As a zoonotic virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) poses a serious threat to human health and the breeding industry. Regarding the mechanism and complications of tissue inflammation caused by JEV, such as encephalitis and orchitis, there is no effective drug treatment currently, and the mechanism of occurrence has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of the inflammatory pathway caused by JEV. As one of the key proteins regulating cell death, BCL2 antagonist/killer (BAK) is also a necessary prerequisite for the release of cellular inflammatory factors. We found that after JEV infection, BAK-knockdown cells died less than normal cells, and the transcription levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF, IFNα, and IL-1β and their corresponding regulatory genes were also significantly reduced. By further verifying protein expression on the cell death pathway, it was found that pyroptotic activation and virus titer were also significantly reduced in BAK.KD cells, suggesting that JEV proliferation might be related to BAK-induced cell death. From our data, we could conclude that JEV utilized the BAK-promoted pyroptotic pathway to release more virions after the final Gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N) protein pore formation for the purpose of JEV proliferation. Therefore, the study of the endogenous cell death activator protein BAK and the final release pathway of JEV, is expected to provide some new theoretical basis for future research on the screening of targeted drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by JEV.
Genetic Characterization of Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus Isolated from Red Raspberry in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kolchenko Mariya , Kapytina Anastasiya , Kerimbek Nazym , Pozharskiy Alexandr , Nizamdinova Gulnaz , Khusnitdinova Marina , Taskuzhina Aisha , Gritsenko Dilyara
Published: April 2023

Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) is an economically significant pathogen of raspberry and grapevine, and it has also been found in cherry. Most of the currently available RBDV sequences are from European raspberry isolates. This study aimed to sequence genomic RNA2 of both cultivated and wild raspberry in Kazakhstan and compare them to investigate their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships, as well as to predict their protein structure. Phylogenetic and population diversity analyses were performed on all available RBDV RNA2, MP and CP sequences. Nine of the isolates investigated in this study formed a new, well-supported clade, while the wild isolates clustered with the European isolates. Predicted protein structure analysis revealed two regions that differed between α- and β-structures among the isolates. For the first time, the genetic composition of Kazakhstani raspberry viruses has been characterized.
Treatment with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Ligands 3 and 21 Prevents Fecal Contact Transmission of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in Chickens
Authors: Raj Sugandha , Matsuyama-Kato Ayumi , Alizadeh Mohammadali , Boodhoo Nitish , Nagy Eva , Mubareka Samira , Karimi Khalil , Behboudi Shahriar , Sharif Shayan
Published: April 2023

Transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) can occur in poultry by direct or indirect contact with infected individuals, aerosols, large droplets and fomites. The current study investigated the potential of H9N2 AIV transmission in chickens via a fecal route. Transmission was monitored by exposing naïve chickens to fecal material from H9N2 AIV-infected chickens (model A) and experimentally spiked feces (model B). The control chickens received H9N2 AIV. Results revealed that H9N2 AIV could persist in feces for up to 60–84 h post-exposure (PE). The H9N2 AIV titers in feces were higher at a basic to neutral pH. A higher virus shedding was observed in the exposed chickens of model B compared to model A. We further addressed the efficacy of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands to limit transmission in the fecal model. Administration of CpG ODN 2007 or poly(I:C) alone or in combination led to an overall decrease in the virus shedding, with enhanced expression of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs) in different segments of the small intestine. Overall, the study highlighted that the H9N2 AIV can survive in feces and transmit to healthy naïve chickens. Moreover, TLR ligands could be applied to transmission studies to enhance antiviral immunity and reduce H9N2 AIV shedding.
Detecting the Neuraminidase R294K Mutation in Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Using Reverse Transcription Droplet Digital PCR Method
Authors: Lou Xiuyu , Yan Hao , Su Lingxuan , Sun Yi , Wang Xinyin , Gong Liming , Chen Yin , Li Zhen , Fang Zhongbiao , Mao Haiyan , Chen Keda , Zhang Yanjun
Published: April 2023

The R294K mutation in neuraminidase (NA) causes resistance to oseltamivir in the avian influenza virus H7N9. Reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-dd PCR) is a novel technique for detecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms. This study aimed to develop an RT-dd PCR method for detecting the R294K mutation in H7N9. Primers and dual probes were designed using the H7N9 NA gene and the annealing temperature was optimized at 58.0 °C. The sensitivity of our RT-dd PCR method was not significantly different from that of RT-qPCR (p = 0.625), but it could specifically detect R294 and 294K in H7N9. Among 89 clinical samples, 2 showed the R294K mutation. These two strains were evaluated using a neuraminidase inhibition test, which revealed that their sensitivity to oseltamivir was greatly reduced. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-dd PCR were similar to those of RT-qPCR and its accuracy was comparable to that of NGS. The RT-dd PCR method had the advantages of absolute quantitation, eliminating the need for a calibration standard curve, and being simpler in both experimental operation and result interpretation than NGS. Therefore, this RT-dd PCR method can be used to quantitatively detect the R294K mutation in H7N9.
Involvement of the MGF 110-11L Gene in the African Swine Fever Replication and Virulence
Authors: Tamás Vivien , Righi Cecilia , Mészáros István , D’Errico Federica , Olasz Ferenc , Casciari Cristina , Zádori Zoltán , Magyar Tibor , Petrini Stefano , Feliziani Francesco
Published: April 2023

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal hemorrhagic viral disease that causes extensive economic and animal welfare losses in the Eurasian pig (Sus scrofa) population. To date, no effective and safe vaccines have been marketed against ASF. A starting point for vaccine development is using naturally occurring attenuated strains as a vaccine base. Here, we aimed to remove the multigene family (MGF) 110 gene of unknown function from the Lv17/WB/Rie1 genome to improve the usability of the virus as a live-attenuated vaccine, reducing unwanted side effects. The MGF 110-11L gene was deleted using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, and the safety and efficacy of the virus were tested in pigs after isolation. The vaccine candidates administered at high doses showed reduced pathogenicity compared to the parental strain and induced immunity in vaccinated animals, although several mild clinical signs were observed. Although Lv17/WB/Rie1/d110-11L cannot be used as a vaccine in its current form, it was encouraging that the undesirable side effects of Lv17/WB/Rie1 at high doses can be reduced by additional mutations without a significant reduction in its protective capacity.
Demographic and Psychosocial Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccination Status among a Statewide Sample in Texas
Authors: Luningham Justin M. , Akpan Idara N. , Taskin Tanjila , Alkhatib Sarah , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Thompson Erika L.
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global public health concern since early 2020 and has required local and state-level responses in the United States. There were several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccines available for the prevention of COVID-19 as of August 2022, yet not all states have achieved high vaccination coverage. Texas is a particularly unique state with a history of opposing vaccination mandates, as well as a large and ethnically/racially diverse population. This study explored the demographic and psychosocial correlates of COVID-19 vaccinations among a statewide sample in Texas. A quota sample of 1089 individuals was surveyed online from June–July 2022. The primary outcome in this study was COVID-19 vaccination status (fully vaccinated, partially vaccinated, or unvaccinated) and included independent variables related to demographics, COVID-19 infection/vaccine attitudes and beliefs, and challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hispanic/Latinx individuals were more likely than non-Hispanic White individuals to be partially vaccinated as opposed to unvaccinated. Higher education levels and confidence that the FDA would ensure a safe COVID-19 vaccine were strongly associated with a higher likelihood of being fully vaccinated. In addition, some challenges brought on by the pandemic and concerns about becoming infected or infecting others were associated with a higher likelihood of being partially or fully vaccinated. These findings emphasize the need to further investigate the interaction between individual and contextual factors in improving COVID-19 vaccination rates, especially among vulnerable and disadvantaged populations.
What Determines the District-Level Disparities in Immunization Coverage in India: Findings from Five Rounds of the National Family Health Survey
Authors: Saikia Nandita , Kumar Krishna , Bora Jayanta Kumar , Mondal Souvik , Phad Santosh , Agarwal Sumeet
Published: April 2023

India’s Universal Immunization Programme has been performing at a sub-optimal level over the past decade, with there being a wide disparity in terms of immunization coverage between states. This study investigates the covariates that affect immunization rates and inequality in India at the individual and district levels. We used data from the five rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), conducted from 1992–1993 to 2019–2021. We used multilevel binary logistic regression analysis to examine the association between demographic, socio-economic and healthcare factors and a child’s full immunization status. Further, we used the Fairlie decomposition technique to understand the relative contribution of explanatory variables to a child’s full immunization status between districts with different immunization coverage levels. We found that 76% of children received full immunization in 2019–2021. Children from less wealthy families, urban backgrounds, Muslims, and those with illiterate mothers were found to have lower chances of receiving full immunization. There is no evidence that gender and caste disparities have an impact on immunization coverage in India. We found that having a child’s health card is the most significant contributor to reducing the disparities that exist regarding children’s full immunization between mid- and low-performing districts. Our study suggests that healthcare-related variables are more crucial than demographic and socio-economic variables when determining ways in which to improve immunization coverage in Indian districts.
Vaccines Alone Cannot Slow the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Van Egeren Debra , Stoddard Madison , White Laura , Hochberg Natasha , Rogers Michael , Zetter Bruce , Joseph-McCarthy Diane , Chakravarty Arijit
Published: April 2023

The rapid emergence of immune-evading viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 calls into question the practicality of a vaccine-only public-health strategy for managing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It has been suggested that widespread vaccination is necessary to prevent the emergence of future immune-evading mutants. Here, we examined that proposition using stochastic computational models of viral transmission and mutation. Specifically, we looked at the likelihood of emergence of immune escape variants requiring multiple mutations and the impact of vaccination on this process. Our results suggest that the transmission rate of intermediate SARS-CoV-2 mutants will impact the rate at which novel immune-evading variants appear. While vaccination can lower the rate at which new variants appear, other interventions that reduce transmission can also have the same effect. Crucially, relying solely on widespread and repeated vaccination (vaccinating the entire population multiple times a year) is not sufficient to prevent the emergence of novel immune-evading strains, if transmission rates remain high within the population. Thus, vaccines alone are incapable of slowing the pace of evolution of immune evasion, and vaccinal protection against severe and fatal outcomes for COVID-19 patients is therefore not assured.
Study on the Carrying Capacity and Change Trend of Groundwater Resources in Coal Mining Area: A Case Study of a Coal Mine in Northwest China
Authors: Li Tianxin , Duan Zhiwei , He Hao , Song Hongqing
Published: April 2023

The groundwater resources carrying capacity is a comprehensive metric that assesses the ability of groundwater resources in a region to support industrial production and socioeconomic development. In arid regions, the calculation and analysis of the carrying capacity of groundwater resources are of paramount importance for guiding sustainable mining practices in coal mines. This study utilized a combination of the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) method and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to analyze the carrying capacity of groundwater resources in the coal mine located in northwest China. The results showed that the groundwater resources carrying capacity in the study coal mine was at a low level from 2011 to 2020 and the development and utilization of groundwater will reach its limit. The change trend of the carrying capacity showed a slight increase following a decline, with the highest value 0.5021 and the lowest 0.3518. The factors that significantly impacted the size of the carrying capacity included the total groundwater resources, the degree of groundwater development and utilization, and the per unit GDP of water consumption. To ensure sustainable development, the optimization of coal mining technology and the improvement of groundwater utilization efficiency should be promoted, while the rate of groundwater development should be slowed. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for guiding the sustainable development of groundwater resources in the coal mine of arid areas in the future and have practical implications.
A Review on the Research Advances in Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction with an Overview of the Phenomenon
Authors: Banerjee Dolon , Ganguly Sayantan
Published: April 2023

Groundwater and surface water, though thought to be different entities in the past, are connected throughout the different landforms of the world. Despite being studied for quite some time, the interaction between groundwater and surface water (GW–SW) has received attention recently because of the heavy exploitation of both of these resources. This interaction is responsible for a phenomenon like contaminant transport, and understanding it helps to estimate the effects of climate change, land use on chemical behavior, and the nature of water. Hence, knowledge of GW–SW interactions is required for hydrologists to optimize resources and analyze the related processes. In this review article, different aspects of the interaction are discussed. Starting from the basics of the phenomenon, this work highlights the importance of GW–SW interactions in the hydrological cycle. Different mechanisms of GW–SW interactions are briefly examined to describe the phenomenon. The scales of interaction are also elucidated where the classification is addressed along with a brief introduction to the large scale and sediment reach scales. The study then moves on to the investigation methodologies used for the process of SW–GW interaction and their classifications based on whether they are field methods or modeling techniques. Various literature is then explored in terms of research approaches. Finally, we highlight the applicability of the methods for different scenarios. This work is aimed to summarize advances made in the field, finding research gaps and suggest the way forward, which would be helpful for hydrologists, policymakers and practicing engineers for planning water resources development and management.
Estimating the Actual Evapotranspiration Using Remote Sensing and SEBAL Model in an Arid Environment of Northwest China
Authors: Chen Xietian , Yu Shouchao , Zhang Hengjia , Li Fuqiang , Liang Chao , Wang Zeyi
Published: April 2023

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important channel for water transport and energy conversion in land–air systems, and the spatial quantification of actual ET is crucial for water resource management and scheduling in arid areas. Using the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model and satellite images, this study determined the actual ET during the growing season of 2020 in the Shiyang River Basin of northwest China and investigated the driving mechanism of ET using a principal component regression. The results showed that the ET obtained using the Penman-Monteith equation exhibited a good correlation with the ET estimated using SEBAL (R2 = 0.85). Additionally, SEBAL overestimated ET to some extent compared to the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ET (MOD16) product. The daily ET (ETd) in the Shiyang River Basin showed a single-peak variation during the growing season, with the maximum value occurring around mid-July. Spatially, the ET gradually increased from northeast to southwest with the variation in the land use/land cover (LULC) type. Among the six LULC types, ETd was higher for woodland, water body, and grassland, all exceeding 5.0 mm/d; farmland and built-up land had ETd close to 3.9 mm/d; and barren land had the lowest ETd of below 2.5 mm/d. Furthermore, the standardized regression coefficients indicated that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the main driving factor influencing ET. Overall, the SEBAL model has the potential to estimate spatially actual ET, and the study results provide a scientific basis for water resource accounting and hydrological analysis in arid areas.
Degradation of Pyraclostrobin in Water Using a Novel Hybrid Gas–Liquid Phase Discharge Reactor
Authors: Shen Hongwei , Yuan Hao , Liang Jianping , Zhou Xiongfeng , Ge Pingji , Liu Yang , Gao Tian , Yang Kun , Yang Dezheng
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the hybrid gas–liquid discharge plasma can efficiently degrade pesticide residues in water driven by nanosecond pulse power, which can achieve the simultaneous discharge process in the liquid and gas phases. The relevant factors are systematically investigated, including the waveforms of discharge current and pulse voltage, discharge images, and optical emission spectra during the discharge process. The Stark broadening of Hα calculates the electron density. The effects of the pulse peak voltage and discharge time on the emission intensities of OH (A2∑ → X2∏), N2 (C3∏u → B3∏g), Hα, and O (3p5P → 3s5S0) are discussed in-depth by the optical emission spectra. The gas–liquid discharge plasma with an electron density of 7.14 × 1017 cm−3 was found. The emission intensities of OH (A2∑ → X2∏), N2 (C3∏u → B3∏g), Hα, and O (3p5P → 3s5S0) present the rising trend by increasing the pulse peak voltage and discharge time. In addition, pyraclostrobin is adopted as the research object to study the removal efficiency of pollutants. The results confirm that pyraclostrobin can be completely degraded after 10 min of plasma treatment with the pulse peak voltage of 28 kV, and the degradation rate and energy yield was 0.323 min−1, and 1.91 g/kWh, respectively. The intermediate products and the possible degradation mechanism of pyraclostrobin are further explored by combining the results of high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and density functional theory (DFT), the developmental toxicity of the intermediate products was analyzed, which provided a scheme for the treatment of pesticide wastewater by gas–liquid discharge plasma technology.
A Robust Regime Shift Change Detection Algorithm for Water-Flow Dynamics
Authors: Dastour Hatef , Gupta Anil , Achari Gopal , Hassan Quazi K.
Published: April 2023

Stream and river monitoring have an influential role in agriculture, the fishing industry, land surveillance, the oil and gas industry, etc. Recognizing sudden changes in the behavior of streamflow could also provide tremendous insight for decision-making and administration purposes. The primary purpose of this study is to offer a new robust Regime Shift Change Detection (RSCD) algorithm which can identify periods and regime changes without any assumptions regarding the length of these periods. A regime shift algorithm using two different refined method approaches is proposed in this article. The RSCD with Relative Difference (RSCD-RD) and RSCD with Growth Rate (RSCD-GR) are the two main specializations of this regime shift algorithm. We compared these two specializations on train and test datasets and commented on the advantages and each specialization. RSCD-GR and RSCD-RD were equally effective in detecting regime changes when thresholds were pinpointed for each station and season. However, RSCD-RD outperformed RSCD-GR when general thresholds were used for cold and warm months. A strength of RSCD-GR is the ability to investigate newly observed data separately, while RSCD-RD may require re-investigation of historical data in some cases. A regime change was detected in the monthly streamflow data of the Athabasca River at Athabasca (07BE001) in May 2007, while no such change was observed in the monthly streamflow data of the Athabasca River below Fort McMurray (07DA001). The discrepancy could be attributed to factors such as the clarity of the river water from Saskatchewan or the utilization of industrial water. Additional investigation might be required to determine the underlying causes.
Shed Roof Air Extractors and Collectors: Design Guidelines for Natural Ventilation in Generic Models
Authors: Lukiantchuki Marieli Azoia , Shimomura Alessandra Rodrigues Prata , Silva Fernando Marques da , Caram Rosana Maria
Published: April 2023

Most of the Brazilian territory is classified as a hot and humid climate, whose natural ventilation is one of the most important passive design strategies. The use of this strategy can be enhanced in the design through the shed roof air collectors or extractors. However, this strategy is not exploited by architecture design, due to the designers’ lack of knowledge about the efficiency of these devices. The article’s aim is to present guidelines for the design of shed roof air extractors and collectors, seeking to help designers to use these devices in buildings. The method is parametric studies, through CFD simulations. For the shed roof air extractors and collectors, the following is recommended: aerodynamic geometries; building with less depth and large air outlet openings. The increase in the number of sheds influences ventilation more than the change in the geometry of the sheds. For extraction, the area of the air outlet openings is the parameter that exerts the greatest influence on ventilation. For collection, the increase in the sizes of the openings of the sheds, without changing other parameters, does not significantly increase the air speed.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors and Their Impact on the Health of the Adult Population in the Russian Federation
Authors: Salagay O. О. , Sakharova G. M. , Antonov N. S. , Nikitina S. Yu. , Stadnik N. M. , Starodubov V. I.
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to substantiate the system of indicators for assessing behavioral risk factors (tobacco use, alcohol consumption, detrimental diet patterns, lack of physical activity) and their impact on public health in the Russian Federation based on the authors’ methodology for assessing the impact of behavioral risk factors on the health of the adult population using the materials of the statistical survey of the health status of the population (conducted by Rosstat in 2021).

   For each risk factor, two main indicators were calculated: the prevalence of the risk factor and its impact on public health according to demographic characteristics. The scale of such a risk factor as smoking was assessed in terms of consumption of various types of tobacco and nicotine-containing products and the prevalence of nicotine addiction of varying severity. Alcohol consumption as a behavioral risk factor was assessed in the context of the relationship between the amount of consumption of various alcoholic products and the degree of health risk. The impact of a detrimental diet was estimated by the body mass index for overweight and obesity, with the account to the physical activity of Russian citizens. According to the authors, the proposed set of indicators and specific calculation results can be used to organize continuous monitoring of the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and their impact on the health of the population of the Russian Federation. As a result, a more effective response of the healthcare system and strengthening of interagency cooperation to reduce non-communicable diseases is possible.
Development of Dairy Cattle Breeding in the Regions of the Russian Federation: Economic and Statistical Study
Authors: Vladimirov N. A.
Published: April 2023

The article reflects the main results of the statistical analysis of the development of dairy cattle breeding in the Russian regions. The relevance of the topic is due to the strategic value of the industry, serving the needs of the population of the country's regions in demanded food products. Based on statistical data compiled by the Federal State Statistics Service, the dynamics of milk production and the number of live-stock and cattle of dairy breeds are analyzed. In addition, an assessment is made of the impact of climate on the industry in question, as well as a number of other factors on milk yields in individual regions. To deepen the inter-regional comparative analysis of the problems of the development of dairy cattle breeding, the author used the hierarchical clustering method. To do this, the author built a system of indicators that characterizes the industry in question, the effectiveness of its functioning, and the factors of its development, while the calculations used the average annual values of each indicator for the period from 2018 to 2021. The preference for the 5-cluster structural model is substantiated, which reflects the differentiation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the development of dairy cattle breeding. The conclusion summarizes the results of an interregional comparative analysis of the development of the considered segment of the economy, which, in the author's opinion, should be taken into account when improving and optimizing both the federal program and regional plans for socio-economic development, increasing the welfare of the Russian population, equalizing the levels of economic development of individual regions of the country.
Un pasteur « rouge » de la Révolution française, Jacques Molines
Authors: Alzas Nathalie
Published: April 2023

Le pasteur Jacques Molines figure parmi ces protestants qui, à l’instar d’un Jean Bon Saint-André, se sont profondément engagés en l’an II. Au-delà de la légende noire thermidorienne, faisant du pasteur gardois un « maratiste » et « robespierriste » « enragé » , ses écrits sont révélateurs d’un parcours idéologique cohérent dans le cadre du protestantisme français du XVIIIe siècle. L’engagement patriotique de Molines, de la Révolution à l’Empire, réinterroge ainsi les liens entre christianisme et Révolution française.
Leblanc de Servanes (1739-1822), de la vallée des Baux à la Convention nationale
Authors: Belmonte Cyril
Published: April 2023

Le présent article s’attache à retracer l’itinéraire mouvementé de Leblanc de Servanes (1739-1822), noble provençal devenu révolutionnaire et membre, quelque peu oublié d’ailleurs, de la Convention nationale. Mis à l’écart par son ordre pour un mariage jugé scandaleux, Leblanc a su revenir sur le devant de la scène dès 1789, en se posant en victime du despotisme et en s’imposant comme le principal meneur du mouvement patriotique dans la vallée des Baux. Une belle carrière commence alors pour lui, au sein des nouvelles institutions révolutionnaires, à l’échelle locale puis, en l’an II, comme conventionnel. Son parcours permet ainsi de s’interroger sur les complexes trajectoires de la noblesse française en cette fin de XVIIIe siècle.
L'insegnamento del francese alle Università di Jena e di Halle nel Settecento
Authors: Hallmeyer Anke
Published: April 2023

A travers l'exemple de deux maîtres de langue du XVIIIe siècle, François Roux (université d'Iéna), et David Etienne Choffin (université de Halle), l'auteur essaye de retracer le développement de l'institutionnalisation de l'enseignement du français dans les universités protestantes allemandes. Cet article tente de dégager, à partir des grammaires, manuels, dictionnaires et textes choisis écrits par les maîtres, les méthodes d'enseignement du français utilisées à cette époque dans ces mêmes universités. Après avoir enseigné essentiellement la langue parlée, les maîtres de langue ont accordé de plus en plus d'importance à la langue écrite, mettant l'accent sur l'aptitude de leurs disciples à rédiger en respectant les règles de la rhétorique et de l'orthographe. Les grammaires et les manuels spécialement conçus pour des germanophones, mettaient en évidence les erreurs phonétiques et grammaticales communes et comprenaient des dialogues modèles traitant de l'aspect phonétique et grammatical de la langue française. Outre cet enseignement linguistique, les textes choisis étaient censés donner aux disciples une culture générale. Enfin, les maîtres de langue ont exercé une influence importante sur l'édition des dictionnaires et des ouvrages pédagogiques à Halle et à Iéna.
Analisi di alcuni "outils de grammaire" in uso nelle Facolta' di Lingue e Letterature Straniere e nei corsi omonimi delle Facolta' di Lettere e Magistero dal dopoguerra ad oggi
Authors: Schena Leo
Published: April 2023

La pratique grammaticale a notoirement constitué l'option privilégiée de l'enseignement universitaire jusque vers la moitié des années soixante.

Parmi les outils de grammaire en usage à cette époque-là, La grammaire française de H. Gambier (Ca' Foscari, Venise), occupe une place de choix pour l'extrême clarté de son exposé, la pertinence et la richesse des exemples, la finesse des observations de syntaxe comparée. On peut y lire en filigrane la première sérieuse tentative d'analyse contrastive entre les deux codes (français/italien). Elle a été pour toute une génération d'étudiants un moyen d'apprentissage irremplaçable : la première, et peut-être l'unique grammaire destinée à un public universitaire.

La grammatica ragionata della lingua francese de B. Revel - F. Izzi, (Université Bocconi, Milan) se présente comme une étude normative de la langue française valable encore aujourd'hui pour la manière "raisonnée" de découvrir le sens historique de l'évolution linguistique dans les deux systèmes.

La grammatica e sintassi del francese moderno d'E. Giudici est le manuel le plus répandu dans les cours de langues de l'Institut Oriental de Naples. Il est caractérisé par une formule de compromis entre la pratique grammaticale liée à la traduction et la méthode active attestant l'évolution de l'enseignement linguistique vers ces principes fondamentaux que la nouvelle science linguistique formulait justement à ce moment-là (v. à ce propos : Les exercices structuraux pour le laboratoire de langues d'I. Basso -S. Baridon, et surtout : Regards sur le français contemporain d'E. Arcaini -D. Laroche-Bouvÿ, manuel axé sur un nouveau type d'enquête destinée à remplacer la grammaire normative traditionnelle).

Si les années soixante-dix coïncident avec l'affirmation des nouvelles méthodes massivement importées de France, les années quatre-vingts marquent en revanche le retour progressif à l'enseignement explicite de la grammaire, grâce aussi à l'Editeur Zanichelli (Pratique de la grammaire française, Grammaire pratique , Grammaire secours) et au Département de Langues et littératures étrangères de l'Université Catholique de Milan (Propédeutique au test, Grammaire descriptive de la langue française à l'usage des spécialistes italophones). Cette réviviscence, loin d'apparaître comme une restauration de la grammaire traditionnelle, dénonce l'exigence de réfléchir de façon explicite sur les structures grammaticales, sur leur fonction dans la communication orale et écrite sans jamais perdre de vue l'approche contrastive.
Computer e didattica delle lingue. Problemi e prospettive
Authors: Di Sparti Antonino
Published: April 2023

Les réactions à l'utilisation de l'ordinateur en classe pour l'enseignement des langues (E.F.A.O. ou C.A.L.L.) ont été très diverses, le plus souvent exagérées ou stéréotypées, ne s'appuyant sur aucune expérience significative. Cela résulte du fait que la qualité des didacticiels actuels n'a pas atteint un degré acceptable et que leur emploi reste limité.

Ce cadre, qui n'est pas satisfaisant, doit être mis en relation avec les conditions sous-jacentes de toute activité didactique : la capacité cognitive et la condition psychosociale de l'élève.

En effet, aujourd'hui l'élève a des instruments neurocognitifs et un bagage sémantique différent de ceux que possédaient les apprenants d'autrefois quand le maître, la classe et la méthode étaient au centre de tout processus d'enseignement/apprentissage. Il est appelé "enfant de la télé" à cause du temps qu'il passe devant la télé ou devant d'autres appareils audiovisuels. Cela lui permet d'élargir ses pouvoirs de connaissance sensorielle et cognitive, exploitant la richesse d'un monde multimédia.

Le rôle de l'enseignant a changé parce que la possibilité d'utiliser les nouveaux médias d'une manière interactive et individualisée lui demande une plus forte implication dans son activité didactique. A la lumière des nouvelles technologies, il doit renouveler sa professionalité : il faut moins enseigner l'utilisation des ordinateurs que développer une culture de l'emploi didactique de l'informatique.

C'est un défi : l'utilisation de ces technologies peut, soit le rendre passif, soit l'amener à devenir protagoniste de l'acte éducatif.

C'est à lui de choisir.
De Meidinger à Ploetz, en passant par Seidenstücker, Ahn et Ollendorff, ou le chemirement de la méthodologie synthétique
Authors: Christ Herbert
Published: April 2023

Le but de cette contribution est d'étudier une certaine période de la méthodologie des langues modernes par le truchement de certaines méthodes. Voici une première précision : les méthodes ne représentent pas toute la méthodologie - loin de là. Mon sujet est donc volontairement limité. Une seconde précision : je traiterai de quelques méthodes élaborées de la fin du XVIIIe au milieu du XIXe siècle en Allemagne et en France, de méthodes que l'on peut appeler «synthétiques». Il s'agira donc de l'étude d'un mouvement méthodologique (toujours matérialisé dans les méthodes). On sait très bien que la période étudiée a connu d'autres courants méthodologiques que l'on a qualifiés d'«analytiques» et des méthodes que l'on qualifierait plutôt de «mixtes».