bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient adsorption of uranyl ions using hydroxamic acid-functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Gado Mohamed A. , Atia Bahig M. , Cheira Mohamed F. , Elawady Mohamed E. , Demerdash Mohamed
Published: July 2021

A chelating matrix prepared by immobilizing N-hydroxyl amine onto graphene oxide functionalized with aspartic acid (GO-HDX) was applied to recover UO2
2+ from their SO4
2− leach liquor. SEM-EDAX, FT-IR, TGA, and XRD instruments, in addition, Raman spectroscopy (IR-Raman), were used to analyze the synthesized GO-HDX. The static extraction technique optimized various physicochemical parameters that impacted the UO2
2+ extraction. The optimal pH, time of contact, initial concentration, GO-HDX dose, temp., foreign ions, and eluting agents were gained. The experimental equilibrium documents were assessed using Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The Langmuir equation model quite fits the investigational adsorption data with a maximum uptake of 277.78 mg/g, and it implied the attending of monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules. Pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order analyses were done to inspect the kinetic results. The data indicated that pseudo-second-order kinetics fit all concentrations. The intended thermodynamic factors were ∆G° negative values and ∆H° positive value. The data signified that the UO2
2+ extraction onto GO-HDX was spontaneous adsorption and endothermic at higher temperatures. The regeneration efficiency of GO-HDX was 98% using 1 M HCl.
Our Wastewater Footprint
Authors: Groet Toni M. , Hieb Elizabeth E. , Darrow Elizabeth S. , Carmichael Ruth H.
Published: July 2021

Collaboration among scientists and stakeholders is increasingly valued in research to coproduce knowledge and research products that better inform decision making and enact meaningful change. We present an example of effective coproduction of knowledge to protect water quality along the Mississippi–Alabama coast using a comprehensive approach that tracked progress from initial research through product assessment. We coproduced an education and decision support tool known as “Our Wastewater Footprint” and engaged communities through a variety of public outreach efforts, adapting the product to meet the needs of individual end users. We assessed the effectiveness of our efforts by tracking attendance at outreach activities, measuring website traffic, and collecting survey data from end users after product use. Data from >9,900 users indicated that presentations at community events and print and social media posts most efficiently reached large audiences using limited resources, and social media posts were most effective in promoting changes in behavior and attitudes on a social level. This case study exemplifies how involving stakeholders in research and product development can increase community engagement in stewardship and prompt change to enhance water quality. Our results tangibly demonstrate that meaningful assessment of the administrative and social impacts of coproduced knowledge is feasible and can be accomplished in a short period of time.
Investigation and Study of CaO-Borate Glass
Authors: Priya D. , Thirumaran S.
Published: July 2021

Recent days the special interest towards Glasses is specifically due to their vast applications that they range. Glass series Calcium borate metallic glass (CaO–B2O3) has been prepared by melt quenching technique. CaO influences like density/molar volume ratio on the properties have analyzed and glass sample different modulus has found between them. The optical properties such as direct and indirect bandgap, Urbach energy, band gap, which also includes heat‐treated glasses, has studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV‐visible, respectively. According to this model elastic moduli increase, this is because of the CaO content increase. The Debye temperature, elastic moduli, other acoustic parameters and Poisson's ratio has acquired from experimental data. The obtained results show that the CaO enters into the glass network as a modifier by occupying increasing the nonbridging oxygen atoms (NBOs) and the interstitial spaces in the network.
Influence of surface morphology on electrophysical properties of PbTe: Sb films
Authors: Saliy Ya.P. , Nykyruy L.I.
Published: July 2021

The electrophysical properties of polycrystalline doped semiconductor thin films PbTe: Sb deposited on mica and sital (glass based ceramic) substrates are considered. The thickness dependencies of carrier mobility, of Hall coefficient and of Seebeck coefficient, and the correlations between these parameters for films deposited on different substrate materials were studied. The peculiarities of growth of thin films and their structural parameters are analyzed taking into account the features of the ‘substrate – film’ boundary section.
Investigation of high-frequency vacuum drying on physical and mechanical properties of common oak (Quercus robur) and common walnut (Juglans regia) lumber
Authors: Guler Cengiz , Dilek Burak
Published: July 2021

In conventional drying kilns, the drying of especially thick lumber is not ideal in terms of drying quality and drying time. Therefore, it is important to dry thick and dense lumber by high-frequency electromagnetically heated vacuum drying. In this study, common oak (Quercus robur) and common walnut (Juglans regia) selected from local sources used in rifle stock were used as experimental material. These materials were technologically examined by drying the timber for a short time using a fully automated, high frequency vacuum (HF + V) drying kiln. Physical and mechanical properties of these tree species were compared after air drying and HF + V drying processes. There were no significant changes in physical properties. However, the mechanical properties such as bending strength, modulus of elasticity, compression strength, and dynamic bending strength were decreased. According to these results, non-overloaded areas like rifle stock can use high frequency vacuum drying as the preferred drying method compared to conventional drying methods.
Masonų draugijų įtaka lituanistiniam sąjūdžiui Prūsijoje XVIII–XX a. pr
Authors:   , Rekašiūtė Kotryna
Published: July 2021

The impact of the Masonic Society on the Lithuanian national movement in Prussia: the 18th through the early 20th century
Diagnostic challenges in gastric adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Hong Trudy
Published: July 2021

Occam’s razor dictates that the simplest diagnosis is usually the correct one. In ascites of unknown origin, the top differentials must include cirrhosis, malignancy and cardiac failure. Investigations such as ascitic fluid cytology and computed tomography can help identify the underlying pathology, however, these investigations do not have perfect specificity and sensitivity. Thus, “normal” investigations cannot be used to completely dismiss important differentials. In a middle-aged patient with no evidence of cirrhosis or cardiac failure, Occam’s razor suggests that a surgeon thoroughly consider and definitively exclude an occult malignancy prior to removing it from the list of differentials.
Evaluación in vitro del extracto etanólico de hojas de borraja (Borago officinalis) contra la actividad fungistática
Authors: Villota Burbano Juan Esteban , Vazquez Ochoa Olga Yaneth
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Fusarium sp y Alternaria sp son hongos fitopatógenos que causan serios problemas en cultivos y en el sector agrícola, situación que genera pérdidas económicas importantes. Además, debido a la producción de micotoxinas representan una amenaza para la salud de los consumidores y para las plantas. Objetivo. Evaluar la actividad antifúngica del extracto etanólico de hojas de borraja (Borago officinalis) sobre Fusarium sp y Alternaria sp. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó la identificación cualitativa y cuantitativa de los metabolitos secundarios presentes en el extracto etanólico de B. officinalis, posteriormente, Fusarium sp y Alternaria sp.  fueron secuenciadas por estudios moleculares mediante la amplificación de la región ITS (espaciador transcribible interno) del ADN ribosomal y finalmente, se evaluó la actividad antifúngica del extracto sobre las cepas previamente reconocidas mediante la prueba de crecimiento radial por técnica de difusión en agar.  Resultados. El extracto etanólico de las hojas de B. officinalis contiene alcaloides, flavonoides, fenoles,  olifenoles y saponinas, de los cuales los polifenoles y los flavonoides presentan una concentración de 19,08±0,01 miligramos equivalentes de ácido gálico (EAG) por gramo de extracto y 28,12±0,06 miligramos equivalentes de catequina (Qe) por gramo de extracto, respectivamente. La secuenciación de los aislamientos evaluados mostró una alta similitud (>98%) con varias especies de Fusarium sp y Alternaria sp, mientras que los ensayos de actividad antifúngica del extracto mostraron actividad fungistática por parte de B. officinalis al ser 16 mg.l-1 el tratamiento más efectivo para ambos aislamientos evaluados con un porcentaje de inhibición de 90,3±0,9% para Alternaria sp y 86,6±2,2% para Fusarium sp, donde Alternaria sp presentó mayor susceptibilidad frente al extracto de las hojas de B. officinalis. Conclusión. Los resultados de esta investigación proporcionan uno de los primeros reportes de la actividad antifúngica de Borago officinalis sobre Fusarium sp y Alternaria sp.
Characterization of livestock systems in the dry Caribbean for quantification of soil quality indicators.
Authors: Contreras Santos José Luis , Martínez Atencia Judith , Falla Guzmán Cindy Katherine , Garrido Pineda Jeyson Fernando , Rodríguez Vitola José Luis
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Los procesos de degradación del suelo están asociados principalmente a malas prácticas y cambios en su uso. Generar indicadores que permitan conocer el estado del suelo es necesario para buscar alternativas que permitan mejorar la calidad del suelo. Objetivo. Evaluar algunos indicadores edáficos en diferentes sistemas de ganadería bovina tradicionales en el Caribe Colombiano. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron muestras de suelo de 72 fincas por triplicado, para un total de 216 muestras, distribuidas en los 6 departamentos (Córdoba, Sucre, Bolívar, Atlántico, Cesar y Magdalena). Se evaluaron propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo con el fin de identificar los principales indicadores y construir los índices de calidad de suelo. Resultados. Se evidenciaron procesos de compactación en todas las fincas evaluadas, con valores de densidad aparente superiores a 1,4 g.cm-3, con predominio de texturas media[1]das a finas (franco). Se encontraron valores de materia orgánica por encima de 2% en los departamentos de Córdoba (3,18±0,99%) y Bolívar (3,10±01,55%), contrario a lo identificado en Atlántico, Cesar y Magdalena con contenidos inferiores a 2%. La capacidad de intercambio catiónico efectivo (CICe) presentó valores superiores a 20 cmol(+).kg-1 en la gran mayoría de los suelos evaluados, excepto los valores registrados en las fincas ubicadas en el departamento de Cesar. Los contenidos de P, S, Ca, Mg y K fueron altos en todas las fincas evaluadas. El índice de calidad del suelo está determinado por las propiedades químicas (pH, capacidad de intercambio catiónico y conductividad eléctrica). Conclusiones. Se reconocieron procesos de compactación relacionados con altos valores de densidad aparente y bajo contenido de poros totales. El manejo de suelo bajo los sistemas ganaderos es determinante en la cuantificación del índice de calidad de suelo
Influencia de la densidad de siembra sobre producción y desarrollo de mucuna (Mucuna puriens L. DC)
Authors: García Abarca Estefanny , Calderón Cerdas Rubén
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La mucuna es una planta postrada y trepadora, cuya biomasa puede aportar anualmente al suelo hasta 331 kg de nitrógeno por hectárea. Actualmente, se utiliza como fertilizante natural y como cobertura vegetal en plantaciones de palma, mango y en rotación con maíz y frijol. Objetivo. El objetivo fue analizar el desarrollo de M. pruriens y establecer la densidad de siembra adecuada para la producción de semilla, en un sistema de espaldera. Materiales y métodos. El estudio fue desarrollado en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM) de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se analizó el crecimiento y la productividad de la mucuna sembrada a densidades de 4900, 3267 y 2450 plantas.ha-1. Se evaluó el desarrollo vegetativo y reproductivo de la planta, la fenología y los grados día acumulados. Se determinó el índice de área foliar y de cosecha e se calculó el rendimiento. Resultados. El ciclo total del cultivo abarcó 19 semanas. La productividad de las plantas sembradas a densidades de 4900, 3267 y 2450 plantas.ha-1, fue de 2611, 1207 y 807 kg.ha-1, respectivamente. Durante la semana 15 se alcanzó el valor máximo de índice de área foliar (5,8). A 4900 plantas.ha-1 se obtuvo el mayor rendimiento (2611 kg.ha-1), de índice de cosecha (0,19) y de vainas por planta (125). Conclusión. Con respecto al desarrollo de las plantas, no se encontraron diferencias entre las densidades utilizadas, sin embargo, con la densidad de 4900 plantas.ha-1 se logró alcanzar un mayor rendimiento del cultivo.
Vigor en plantas de plátano (Musa AAB cv. Hartón) y su relación con características físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo
Authors: González García Hebandreyna , González Pedraza Ana F. , Rodríguez Yzquierdo Gustavo , León Pacheco Rommel , Betancourt Vásquez Mónica
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La zona sur del Lago de Maracaibo es la región con mayor área y volumen de producción de plátano (cv. Hartón) en Venezuela, aspecto que motiva al estudio de diversas propiedades del suelo de la localidad. Objetivo. Evaluar las características físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo asociadas al vigor del cultivo Musa AAB cv. Hartón. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 7 fincas representativas de la región, en las que se determinaron lotes con alto (AV) y bajo vigor (BV), mediante la evaluación del número de manos por racimo (NMR), circunferencia del pseudotallo de la planta madre (CPM) y altura del hijo de sucesión (AHS). Se determinaron diferentes características físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo en unidades experimentales de 1000 m2 por cada lote de vigor evaluado. Resultados. Los resultados de las variables estudiadas permitieron categorizar lotes contrastantes de vigor en el cultivo de plátano. En cuanto a las relaciones con las características edáficas, resultaron correlaciones significativas y negativas entre porcentaje de arena, densidad aparente, infiltración básica e instantánea con NMR, AHS y CPM. Se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas entre porcentaje de limo y humedad del suelo con NMR. Al considerar las características químicas, no se presentaron correlaciones significativas. Respecto a las variables biológicas, resultaron correlaciones negativas entre la población total de fitonematodos con el NMR y CPM. El carbono microbiano presentó correlaciones positivas con CPM y AHS. El análisis de componentes principales permitió determinar la agrupación de lotes de AV y BV, y su correlación con variables edáficas con mayor peso en la expresión de la variabilidad de los resultados. Conclusión. La identificación de variables edáficas asociadas al vigor del cultivo de plátano permite evidenciar aquellas características que deben considerarse para el manejo eficiente del suelo y su efecto sobre el desarrollo del cultivo de plátano.
Calidad nutricional y consumo por cabras de forraje de botón de oro (Tithonia diversifolia)
Authors: Elizondo Salazar Jorge Alberto
Published: July 2021

Introducción. Las cabras se han adaptado a condiciones ambientales variables y tienen la capacidad de sobrevivir en zonas de escasa vegetación, sin embargo, su desempeño productivo se verá afectado significativamente por una mala alimentación. Objetivo. Evaluar la calidad nutricional de forraje botón de oro (Tithonia diversifolia) a partir de la selección y consumo por cabras. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental de Ganado Lechero “Alfredo Volio Mata” de la Universidad de Costa Rica desde setiembre hasta noviembre del 2019. El botón de oro se extrajo de un cultivo con un año de establecido y se cosechó a una edad de rebrote de 50 días y fue suministrado a 16 cabras no lactantes ni preñadas de las razas Saanen, LaMancha y Toggenburg no lactantes y no gestantes, con un peso vivo promedio de 48±5 kg. El forraje fresco se ofreció en forma entera tal como fue cosechado. Los animales se ubicaron en 2 corrales de 12 m2 cada uno y recibieron el forraje en una relación de 20% de su peso vivo como forraje verde, en 6 porciones iguales distribuidas a lo largo del día. El periodo experimental fue de 73 días que incluyó un periodo de 28 días para adaptación a la nueva dieta y a las compañeras del grupo. Resultados. En promedio las cabras consumieron 6580±2430 g de forraje fresco por día (13,6±5,0% de su peso vivo), lo que corresponde a 700±210 g por día (1,44±0,4% de su peso vivo) en base seca. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) entre la concentración de nutrientes en el forraje ofrecido y el rechazado. La concentración de proteína cruda en el forraje no superó el 17,2% y el consumo diario por animal de este nutriente fue en promedio de 130±70 g. La concentración de fibra detergente neutro en el forraje fue inferior a 38%. Conclusión. El forraje de botón de oro cosechado a 50 días de rebrote presentó un adecuado contenido nutricional y se presenta como una alternativa más para la alimentación de cabras.
TREE-BASED SEMANTIC ANALYSIS METHOD FOR NATURAL LANGUAGE PHRASE TO FORMAL QUERY CONVERSION
Authors: Litvin A. A. , Velychko V. Yu. , Kaverynskyi V. V.
Published: July 2021

Context. This work is devoted to the problem of natural language interface construction for ontological graph databases. The focus here is on the methods for the conversion of natural language phrases into formal queries in SPARQL and CYPHER query languages.
Objective. The goals of the work are the creation of a semantic analysis method for the input natural language phrases semantic type determination and obtaining meaningful entities from them for query template variables initialization, construction of flexible query templates for the types, development of program implementation of the proposed technique.
Method. A tree-based method was developed for semantic determination of a user’s phrase type and obtaining a set of terms from it to put them into certain places of the most suiting formal query template. The proposed technique solves the tasks of the phrase type determination (and this is the criterion of the formal query template selection) and obtaining meaningful terms, which are to initialize variables of the chosen template. In the current work only interrogative and incentive user’s phrases are considered i.e. ones that clearly propose the system to answer or to do something. It is assumed that the considered dialog or reference system uses a graph ontological database, which directly impacts the formal query patterns – the resulting queries are destined to be in SPARQL or Cypher query languages. The semantic analysis examples considered in this work are aimed primarily at inflective languages, especially, Ukrainian and Russian, but the basic principles could be suitable to most of the other languages.
Results. The developed method of natural language phrase to a formal query in SPARQL and CYPHER conversion has been implemented in software for Ukrainian and Norwegian languages using narrow subjected ontologies and tested against formal performance criteria.
Conclusions. The proposed method allows the dialog system fast and with minimum number of steps to select the most suitable query template and extract informative entities from a natural language phrase given the huge phrase variability in inflective languages. Carried out experiments have shown high precision and reliability of the constructed system and its potential for practical usage and further development.
STOCHASTIC PSEUDOSPIN NEURAL NETWORK WITH TRIDIAGONAL SYNAPTIC CONNECTIONS
Authors: Peleshchak R. М. , Lytvyn V. V. , Cherniak О. І. , Peleshchak І. R. , Doroshenko М. V.
Published: July 2021

Context. To reduce the computational resource time in the problems of diagnosing and recognizing distorted images based on a fully connected stochastic pseudospin neural network, it becomes necessary to thin out synaptic connections between neurons, which is solved using the method of diagonalizing the matrix of synaptic connections without losing interaction between all neurons in the network.
Objective. To create an architecture of a stochastic pseudo-spin neural network with diagonal synaptic connections without loosing the interaction between all the neurons in the layer to reduce its learning time.
Method. The paper uses the Hausholder method, the method of compressing input images based on the diagonalization of the matrix of synaptic connections and the computer mathematics system MATLAB for converting a fully connected neural network into a tridiagonal form with hidden synaptic connections between all neurons.
Results. We developed a model of a stochastic neural network architecture with sparse renormalized synaptic connections that take into account deleted synaptic connections. Based on the transformation of the synaptic connection matrix of a fully connected neural network into a Hessenberg matrix with tridiagonal synaptic connections, we proposed a renormalized local Hebb rule. Using the computer mathematics system “WolframMathematica 11.3”, we calculated, as a function of the number of neurons N, the relative tuning time of synaptic connections (per iteration) in a stochastic pseudospin neural network with a tridiagonal connection Matrix, relative to the tuning time of synaptic connections (per iteration) in a fully connected synaptic neural network.
Conclusions. We found that with an increase in the number of neurons, the tuning time of synaptic connections (per iteration) in a stochastic pseudospin neural network with a tridiagonal connection Matrix, relative to the tuning time of synaptic connections (per iteration) in a fully connected synaptic neural network, decreases according to a hyperbolic law. Depending on the direction of pseudospin neurons, we proposed a classification of a renormalized neural network with a ferromagnetic structure, an antiferromagnetic structure, and a dipole glass.
OPTIMIZATION OF PREVENTIVE THRESHOLD FOR CONDITIONBASED MAINTENANCE OF RADIO ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Authors: Solomentsev O. V. , Zaliskyi M. Yu. , Shcherbyna O. A. , Asanov M. M.
Published: July 2021

Context. Operation costs throughout the life cycle of radio electronic equipment are very significant, which value far exceeds the initial cost of the equipment. Therefore, the up-to-date scientific and technical problem is to minimize operation costs. One of the ways to solve this problem is the introduction of statistical data processing technologies in the operation systems of radio electronic equipment.

Objective. The goal of the paper is to improve the efficiency of thecondition-based maintenance with the determining parameters monitoring, which is widely used in civil aviation.

Method. The solution of this problem is based on finding the functional dependence of the efficiency indicator in the form of specific operation costs on the basic parameters of radio electronic equipment and its operation system. To determine this dependence, the probability-event model is used,as well as methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, in particular methods of statistical classification of sample sets and functional transformations of random variables. To determine the optimal level of the preventive threshold by the criterion of minimizing operation costs, the method of statistical simulation of Monte-Carlo is used.

Results. Maintenance strategy with the determining parameters monitoring based on additional statistical data processing and technology of the optimal preventive threshold calculation are improved.

Conclusions. The obtained results can be used during the development and modernization of operation systems of radio electronic equipment in terms of application of statistical data processing procedures. A comparative analysis of the two maintenance strategies showed that the use of additional statistical data processing might reduce specific operation costs. The proposed technology for determining the optimal preventive threshold can be extended to use during the operation of complex technical systems, in particular for those whose technical condition is associated with the values of the determining parameters.
Names of Trees in East Slavic Charms
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the RAS, Tolstaya Svetlana M.
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with the Proto-Slavic two-part personal names reconstructed in the Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages (EDSL), vols. 1–42. Indo-European by their origin, these names retained their use among all Slavs even after the adoption of Christianity and the assimilation of the Christian name set. The author examines the set of lexical units that occur in two-part proto-Slavic anthroponyms, the rules of their design (pure basis, truncated basis, word form) and connection with one another (the presence or absence of a connector). It is shown that the first and second parts of a compound name have different properties: the first element can be represented by verbal, substantive, adjective bases, pronominal bases, adverbs, prepositions / prefixes, while the second — only by verbal, substantive, and adjective bases. Most certainly, EDSL does not claim to incorporate all binominal anthroponyms of this type in the Proto-Slavic language but provides a clear idea on the anthroponymic and wordbuilding patterns of compounds in the Proto-Slavic language, as well as their syntactic and semantic features. These patterns are quite similar to those existing in appellative vocabulary and anthroponymic systems of other Indo-European languages. The lexical and ideographic inventory of the units indirectly refers to the value system underlying the onomastic tradition (cf. the popularity of such concepts as ‘dear,’ ‘friend,’ ‘guest,’ ‘glad,’ ‘peace,’ ‘glory,’ ‘holy,’ ‘love,’ ‘praise,’ etc.).
Revisiting the “West-Baltic” Type Hydronymy in Central Russia
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Gusenkov Pavel A.
Published: July 2021

The article examines the substrate hydronymy of the middle Oka and the Dnieper regions (ending in -va, -da, etc.) that is typically attributed to the West-Baltic toponymic stratum and associated with the language of the Moschinskaya archaeological culture and the related archaeological sites. The author analyzed its spatial distribution in the East European Plain. The study has found that: 1) the spread of names of waterbodies ending in -va correlates with the distribution scheme of substrate Baltic hydronymy in general and the monuments of the Dnieper-Dvina, Yukhnovskaya, and Late Dyakovo cultures of the Early Iron Age; 2) the spread of hydronyms with zh/z sound variation (including as a distinctive feature) correlates with the Krivich and Radimich culture areas, and the range of Russian dialects with lisping pronunciation which makes no difference between sibilants and hushing sounds; 3) Baltic hydronymy ending in -da is not attested in the area of the Moschinskaya culture and related archaeological sites; 4) among the names with the root ape-/upe- found in the same cultural milieu, only those containing Eastern Baltic variant are verifiable; 5) the hypothesis for East Baltic origination of the names with the root stab- is not inferior to the West Baltic; 6) there are no sufficient grounds for tracing some river names to the Prussian words pannean and sug since most of these hydronyms refer to a later period while the others have more plausible explanations; 7) for some hydronyms (Zerna, Opochinka, Ponya, Sezhikovka, etc.) the substrate origin is not confirmed. Based on the above observations, the hypothesis for the presence of a West-Baltic layer of hydronymy in the middle Oka region and the consequent assumption of the West-Baltic origin of the Moshinskaya culture were disputed.
Efeito do crédito do BNDES para a geração de empregos agroindustriais no Brasil
Authors: Favro Jackelline , Alves Alexandre Florindo
Published: July 2021

Resumo: No Brasil, o crédito público tem papel relevante no apoio às empresas, em especial àquelas pertencentes ao setor industrial. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma avaliação do impacto dos desembolsos do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) na geração de empregos na agroindústria brasileira. Para tanto, utilizaram-se microdados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) e do BNDES no âmbito empresarial. As técnicas econométricas empregadas foram Propensity Score Matching (PSM) e Diferenças em Diferenças (DID). Foram tomados como referência os períodos pré e pós-expansão dos desembolsos do BNDES, em virtude da política anticíclica adotada pelo governo em 2009, para conter os impactos da crise internacional deflagrada em 2008. Os resultados encontrados apontam que, para a amostra em análise, empresas financiadas entre 2009 e 2010, o impacto no crescimento do emprego foi estatisticamente significativo e as empresas que receberam crédito do BNDES apresentaram dinâmica diferenciada em termos de geração de emprego. Tais resultados evidenciam que a ampliação da política de desembolsos do BNDES consistiu em um instrumento importante sobre a geração de emprego em empresas pertencentes à agroindústria.
Políticas de financiamento estudantil: análise de impacto do Fies no tempo de conclusão do ensino superior
Authors: Becker Kalinca Léia , Mendonça Mário Jorge Cardoso de
Published: July 2021

Resumo Esse estudo avaliou o impacto do Fies no tempo total e no atraso da conclusão da educação superior dos alunos matriculados em cursos presenciais de instituições privadas, com base nas informações do Inep de 2007 a 2017. O tempo de conclusão é o total de anos que o aluno esteve matriculado, já o atraso refere-se ao número de anos que o estudante levou para concluir o curso além do prazo mínimo de integralização. O impacto estimado por score de propensão do Fies no tempo total foi em torno de 4 meses. Os resultados da variável atraso também indicaram um impacto positivo, porém com menor intensidade e significativo apenas na primeira fase do programa, de 2000 a 2009. Também foram realizadas estimativas pelo método de Lewbel (2012), na tentativa de lidar com o possível viés das características não observáveis que influenciam a decisão individual de participar do Fies. Os resultados indicaram uma possível superestimação dos resultados quando não são consideradas as características não observadas dos alunos.
Early skin-to-skin contact in a child friendly hospital: perceptions of the obstetric nurses
Authors: Holztrattner Jéssica Strube , Gouveia Helga Geremias , Moraes Marianna Goes , Carlotto Franciela Delazeri , Klein Bruna Euzébio , Coelho Débora Fernandes
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To know the nurses' perception about early skin-to-skin contact. Methods A qualitative and exploratory-descriptive study carried out at the Obstetric Center of a university hospital in southern Brazil. The participants were eight nurses who answered a qualitative interview in April 2019. The interviews followed a guiding script and were analyzed according to thematic content analysis: data sorting and classification and final analysis. Results Nurses know the skin-to-skin contact practice and the importance of doing it properly. In their work routine, they perceive that this contact does not happen as it should and they understand the importance of recording it. Conclusion Nurses aim for skin-to-skin contact to be carried out in an early and uninterrupted manner; however, the limitations related to the health team's work processes are highlighted. The study reinforces the importance of reducing unnecessary interventions at birth.
The fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized elders
Authors: Baixinho Cristina Lavareda , Dixe Maria dos Anjos , Henriques Maria Adriana , Marques-Vieira Cristina , Sousa Luis
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Aims To understand how the fear of falls emerges and manifests itself in caregivers of institutionalized elders. Method It is a qualitative study, based on the Grounded Theory and carried out with 24 informal caregivers, 5 nurses, 2 physicians and 2 directors of two Portuguese nursing homes. Data collection took place through interviews, participant observation, and documentation analysis, between October 2016 and January 2018. Data was collected and analyzed simultaneously, following the stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Results The comparative analysis of the findings identified the conceptual category "Fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized elders". The main category is associated with the categories: maintaining safety, hidden fear of falls, the perceived self-efficacy in the prevention of falls, falls and interpersonal relations, previous experiences, and team support. Conclusions The fear has an influence on the self-efficacy perceived in the prevention of falls; the quality of the teamwork, in turn, is affected by previous negative experiences and by the support of the team.
Personal and professional characteristics of the primary care nurse in the cultural care of migrant populations
Authors: González Carmen Gloria Cofré , Sepúlveda Juan Guillermo Mansilla
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the personal and professional characteristics perceived by primary nurses from a province located in the Maule region, Chile, regarding care with cultural relevance of the migrant person. Method Qualitative paradigm with an instrumental case study design, participated 9 professionals from 3 Family Health Centers, meeting inclusion criteria. The article is part of the doctoral thesis work and has the approval of the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica Del Maule. Data collection was through in-depth semi-structured interviews, between January and February 2020. The analysis was carried out from Albert Schütz’s sociophenomenology with hermeneutical components. Results Empathy and cultural knowledge stand out as personal characteristics and in the professional area, comprehensive knowledge, and care. Final considerations Caring with cultural relevance is a challenge for nursing, training in cultural competence is required and continue researching on the subject.
Overweight and obesity in people living with HIV
Authors: Costa Christefany Régia Braz , Melo Elizabete Santos , Antonini Marcela , Pontes Priscila Silva , Gir Elucir , Reis Renata Karina
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To identify overweight and obesity and as associated variables in people living with HIV. Method Cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study, developed in specialized services in southeastern Brazil. Individual specifics were carried out from 2014 to 2016. Pearson's Chi-Square test, Logistic Regression and OddsRatio (OR) were used. Results Of the 340 respondents, 47.7% were overweight. The highest abdominal circumferences and lipid changes were predominantly among the highest body mass index (BMI). The greatest chances of obtaining BMI values>25 kg/m² were among men (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.02-2.42), having metabolic syndrome (OR: 5.66; 95% CI: 3.26-9.83) and the undue (OR: 3.89; 95% CI: 2.17-7.00). However, having self-reported hypertension was configured as a protective factor (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08-0.44). Conclusion The frequency of obesity and overweight between PLHIV was high. There was an association of male gender, metabolic syndrome and smoking with weight gain. The presence of self-reported hypertension was considered a protective factor.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE O CONTROLE IDEOLÓGICO DO TRABALHO DOCENTE E O DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL À LIBERDADE DE ENSINAR
Authors: Carvalho Patrícia , Souza Juliana Brito de
Published: July 2021

A Constituição Federal traz no artigo 205 e seguintes os princípios que devem reger o direito à educação, garantindo a liberdade de ensinar, aprender e o pluralismo de ideias e concepções pedagógicas. Todavia, o direito à liberdade de ensinar não tem sido aceito de forma unânime, o que deu maior visibilidade a movimentos como o Escola Sem Partido. Tal Movimento argumenta que os alunos, enquanto “audiência cativa dos professores”, seriam vítimas de uma suposta “doutrinação ideológica”, em que “docentes defensores da ideologia esquerdista” incutem nos discentes ideias contrárias àquilo que é ensinado pelos pais em suas residências, o que seria algo inadmissível, alegando que caberia aos professores, tão somente, ensinar o conteúdo de suas disciplinas. Nesse contexto, faz-se imprescindível entender a motivação e os argumentos que sustentam as propostas do Movimento Escola sem Partido, averiguando-se sua pertinência e legitimidade. Por esse motivo, o presente artigo busca refletir sobre as possibilidades de controle ideológico do trabalho docente, em contraponto à liberdade de ensinar. Para tanto, foram analisados os principais argumentos do Movimento em estudo. Da mesma forma, buscou-se entender a natureza jurídica do direito à liberdade de ensinar, baseando-se em autores que trabalham o tema nos mais variados enfoques. Ao final, verificou-se que a educação, enquanto direito social, tem por principal objetivo formar cidadãos, o que só é possível quando o trabalho docente é visto como um ato político, capaz de levar os discentes a refletirem sobre o lugar que ocupam na sociedade e as suas possibilidades de transformação.
Vehicle-based cryogenic rail cleaning: an alternative solution to ‘leaves on the line’
Authors: Krier Peter , White Ben T , Ferriday Paul , Watson Mike , Buckley-Johnstone Luke , Lewis Roger , Lanigan Joseph L
Published: July 2021

Contamination of rail lines with leaves and other organic matter and oxides can affect the traction of train wheels and cause safety issues, delays and schedule changes. The main solution in the UK is to use specialist rail-head-treatment trains that clean rails with high-pressure water jets. But these trains cannot cover all UK mainline infrastructure due to limited availability and gauging issues. As such, there is a need for a rapid-response mobile solution to expand this capability. This paper reports on successful field trials of a small road-to-rail vehicle fitted with dry-ice blasting equipment, and the effect this has on both cleaning rails and improving train braking.
Contexts from Constantine Curran
Authors: Brooker Joseph
Published: July 2021

Constantine Curran was a friend of James Joyce's from UCD and also knew the later Joyce in Paris. His memoir James Joyce Remembered (1968) contains two points of interest. One is the fact that Niall Montgomery translated a Latin poem for inclusion in the book. The second is the existence of a Radio Eireann broadcast about Joyce from 1938. This suggests an Irish culture more interested in Joyce than is commonly thought. It can only be speculated whether Brian O'Nolan and friends heard the broadcast, but we might consider further the role of radio in their imagination.
Un-used Bank Capital Buffers and Credit Supply Shocks at SMEs during the Pandemic
Authors: Berrospide Jose M. , Gupta Arun , Seay Matthew P.
Published: July 2021

Did banks curb lending to creditworthy small and mid-sized enterprises (SME) during the COVID-19 pandemic? Sitting on top of minimum capital requirements, regulatory capital buffers introduced after the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) are costly regions of "rainy day" equity capital designed to absorb losses and provide lending capacity in a downturn. Using a novel set of confidential loan level data that includes private SME firms, we show that "buffer-constrained" banks (those entering the pandemic with capital ratios close to this regulatory buffer region) reduced loan commitments to SME firms by an average of 1.4 percent more (quarterly) and were 4 percent more likely to end pre-existing lending relationships during the pandemic as compared to "buffer-unconstrained" banks (those entering the pandemic with capital ratios far from the regulatory capital buffer region). We further find heterogenous effects across firms, as buffer-constrained banks disproportionately curtailed credit to three types of borrowers: (1) private, bank-dependent SME firms, (2) firms whose lending relationships were relatively young, and (3) firms whose pre-pandemic credit lines contractually matured at the start of the pandemic (and thus were up for renegotiation). While the post-2008 period saw the rise of banking system capital to historically high levels, these capital buffers went effectively unused during the pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to: (1) empirically test the usability of these Basel III regulatory buffers in a downturn, and (2) contribute a bank capital-based transmission channel to the literature studying how the pandemic transmitted shocks to SME firms.
Courtship Behavior in the Cuban Ameiva (Ameiva auberi ustulata, Squamata: Teiidae) from the Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve in Eastern Cuba
Authors: Alfonso Yasel U. , Torres Javier
Published: July 2021

The genus Ameiva Meyer 1795 comprises 23 species of which 14 are found in Central and South America and 18 occur in the West Indies. These lizards occupy diverse habitats (e.g., grasslands, tropical forests, sandy beaches) but most species appear to prefer open areas. They are ground-dwellers and active diurnal foragers. Cuba harbors only one species, Ameiva auberi. However, 40 subspecies are distributed widely across the main island, adjacent cays, and on into the Bahamas. Reproductive behavior has been documanted in some species in the family Teiidae, but not for A. auberi, about which only one published account reported the underground deposition of a single egg. Herein, we describe for the first time the reproductive behavior (except ovipositioning) of A. auberi ustulata in natural habitat in the Ecological Reserve Siboney-Jutici (eastern Cuba) on 22-25 July 2009. Between 1200 and 1600 h, we observed six mating pairs directly or while using monocular Nikon Fieldscopes. We describe three sequential stages of reproductive behaviior: (1) Pursuit, (2) prematiing and mating, and (3) excavation, with a total duration of 64.8+-17.6 min (46-92 min).
Non-overlapping Distributions of Feral Sheep (Ovis aries) and Stout Iguanas (Cyclura pinguis) on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands
Authors: Skipper Ben , Grisham Blake , Kalyvaki Maria , McGaughey Kathleen , Mougey Krista , Navarrete Laura , Rondeau Renée , Boal Clint , Perry Gad
Published: July 2021

Stout Iguanas (Cyclura pinguis) remain one of the most critically endangered reptiles in the world. Factors contributing to that status include habitat loss, predation by introduced species, and competition with introduced herbivores. On Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, the presence of feral sheep (Ovis aries) has been a hypothesized detriment to iguanas. Using motion sensitive cameras, we documented the distribution of feral sheep on Guana Island in 2010. We also quantified the impact of feral sheep on ground vegetation by comparing plant abundance at long term sheep exclosures and areas where sheep were absent to areas where sheep were present. Finally, we compared sheep distribution to iguana distribution on the island. The co-occurrence of sheep and Stout Iguanas was less than expected, indicating possible competition. Although we detected no difference in vegetative cover between areas where sheep were present and absent, the long-term exclosures showed that the exclusion of sheep allowed the abundance of many plant species to increase. Our data support the hypothesis that feral sheep are altering the abundance of ground-level vegetation and limiting iguana distribution on the island.
At the Lower Size Limit of Snakes Preying on Bats in the West Indies
Authors: Rodríguez-Cabrera Tomás M. , Torres Javier , Marrero Ruben
Published: July 2021

Bat predation by snakes has been repeatedly documented in the literature, particularly for boids and colubroids. In the West Indies, species of the genus Chilabothrus (Boidae) are the most frequently reported bat predators. However, bats are difficult to capture, and reports of bat-predating snakes smaller than 1 m in total length are very scarce. Herein we report bat predation in very young Cuban Boas (C. angulifer), the smallest of which represents the minimum size record for boid snakes preying on bats anywhere in the Neotropics. In contrast to most boids, the large size of neonatal Cuban Boas allows the consumption of endotherms as well as ectotherms soon after birth, including bats captured on the wing while exiting or entering caves.
The distribution of Taeniophallus nicagus (Colubridae) in Suriname with some information on morphology
Authors: Jairam Rawien
Published: July 2021

Taeniophallus nicagus (Colubridae) was first listed in Suriname from the Brownsberg Nature Park in 1976. Additional specimens were collected in that same year at Raleighvallen Nature Reserve on the bank of the Coppename River. Two additional locations for this species along with morphological data are provided in this paper. Apart from the number of infralabial scales, all specimens are unambiguously identified as T. nicagus. Presently this species is only known from the central part of Suriname.
Use of data loggers to investigate temperature trends above and below cover objects used by plethodontid salamanders
Authors: Coscomb Emily , Abrams Talon , Augustine Margaret , Casler Samuel , Keville Phillip , Sullivan Collin , Diefenbacher Eric H.
Published: July 2021

Amphibians utilize microhabitats to find refugia that will keep them functioning properly by regulating thermoregulatory behavior and for respiration. Microclimates of cover objects and the influence they may have in the selection of refugia by plethodontid salamanders are inherently difficult to study over long periods of time. Herein we provide a case study in which we used U23-003 HOBO Pro v2 2X Temperature Data Loggers to investigate temperature trends under and above cover objects selected by plethodontid salamanders in the field. Overall, data loggers were user-friendly for setup, deploymentt, and data offload and provided abundant data.
Male movement patterns and bioacoustic activity of the Western Cuban Grassfrog, Eleutherodactylus varleyi (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae)
Authors: Cádiz Antonio , Iturriaga Manuel
Published: July 2021

In this study, we examined movement patterns, vocal activity, and variation in advertisement calls at individual and populational levels in a population of Western Cuban Grassfrogs (Eleutherodactylus varleyi) at the National Botanical  Garden of Cuba in July and September in 2007. Males appear to be very sedentary with peaks of movement early in the night and just before dawn that could be related with the search of calling sites and diurnal retreats, respectively. We detected eight patterns of frequency modulation of advertisement calls for note 1 and six for note 2. Patterns II and VI were the most frequent for note 1 and note 2, respectively. Note duration was the only acoustic parameter that was significantly variable among individuals for note 1, whereas the maximum frequency and rise time were signifi- cantly variable within individuals for note 2, suggesting that the latter is more reliable for distinguishing individual calls.