bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy band structure of two ions in a one-dimensional Paul trap
Authors: Wu Yun-Wen  , Hai Wen-Hua  , Cai Li-Hua  ,   (1)湖南师范大学物理系，长沙  410081; (2)湖南师范大学物理系，长沙  410081;湖南吉首大学物理系，吉首  416000
Published: December 2020

Making use of the well-known truncated-series method, we give a numerical program to calculate the exact solutions of two Coulomb-correlated ions confined in a linear Paul trap. The discrete motion state functions and energy spectra are obtained for the trap frequencies approaching the experimentally realizable limiting values, which correspond to a denumerable infinite point-set of the frequencies. Continuously varying the trap frequency between two neighboring points of the denumerable infinite set, from the quantum perturbation technique we find the energy-band structure based on the exact discrete spectra in which the bands are narrower and the gaps wider. The band structure can influence the laser cooling of Paul trapped ions and the quantum logic operation based on the system that should be considered in the corresponding experiments thereby.
Period-doubling bifurcation of a double-well Duffing-van der Pol system with bounded random parameters
Authors: Sun Xiao-Juan  , Xu Wei  , Ma Shao-Juan  ,   西北工业大学应用数学系，西安  710072
Published: December 2020

Period-doubling bifurcation in a double-well Duffing-van der Pol system with bounded random parameters and subject to harmonic excitations is studied. The random system is reduced to its equivalent deterministic one by the Chebyshev polynomial approximation, through which the response of the random system can be obtained by deterministic numerical methods. Numerical simulations show that similar to their counterparts in deterministic nonlinear systems, period-doubling bifurcation may occur in the random Duffing-van der Pol system, and that the period-doubling bifurcation of the random_parameter system has its own characteristics. Numerical results also show that the Chebyshev polynomial approximation is an effective approach in solving dynamical problems of nonlinear systems with random parameters.
Cluster-assisted multiple ionization of acetone by intense nanosecond laser
Authors: Xiao Xue  , Li Hai-Yang  , Luo Xiao-Lin  , Niu Dong-Mei  , Wen Li-Hua  , Wang Bin  , Liang Feng  , Hou Ke-Yong  , Dong Can  , Shao Shi-Yong  ,   (1)中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连  116023; (2)中国科学院环境光学与技术重点实验室,中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所，合肥  230031; (3)中国科学院环境光学与技术重点实验室,中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所，合肥  230031;中国科学院大连化学物理研究所，大连  116023
Published: December 2020

The photoionization of acetone seeded in helium is studied by time_of_flight mass spectrometry using a 25 ns, 532 nm Nd: YAG laser with intensity in the range of 1010—1011 W/cm2. Multiply charged ions of Op+(p=2—4) and Cq+(q=2—4) of tens of eV have been observed when the laser beam irradiates the most dense part of the pulsed molecular beam. The intensity and the kinetic energy of the multiply charged ions increase with the increasing of the laser energy. An electron re_scattering and re_colliding ionization model is proposed to explain the appearance of the multiply charged ions under such low laser intensity.
Simulation of sodium atom deposition pattern in a laser standing wave field
Authors: Ma Bin  , Ma Yan  , Zhao Min  , Ma Shan-Shan  , Wang Zhan-Shan  ,   同济大学精密光学工程技术研究所，上海  200092
Published: December 2020

A grating structure with the period of half of the laser wavelength is formed by focusing the atoms with a nearly resonant laser standing wave field. The motion of sodium atoms traversing an unsaturated potential are studied by the semi_classical approximation. The structures of gratings under various conditions were simulated using numerical method. By characterizing the grating with FWHM and contrast, the influence of some factors, such as the transverse temperature, the longitudinal velocity, and the free flight to the atom deposition are analysed. Our work provides a theoretical basis to the ongoing atom lithography experiment.
Research on time characteristics of soft X-ray diode
Authors: Sun Ke-Xu  , Jiang Shao-En  , Yi Rong-Qing  , Cui Yan-Li  , Ding Yong-Kun  , Liu Shen-Ye  ,   中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,高温高密度等离子体国家重点实验室,四川绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

In this paper the time characteristics of soft X-ray diode (XRD) is studied. XRD is the importance component of soft X-ray spectrometer,which measures the soft X-ray spectrum emited by laser-plasma.The experiment utilizes the 200TW laser facility with energy ～6J　and pulse width ～30fs at the Laser Fusion Research Center of CAEP.The Au foil target irradiated by laser pulse produced X-ray emission, the filter(Al)-XRD system measures the X-ray signal.The high frequency cable (SUJ-50) transmits the electrical signal, a broad band oscillograph (TDS694C and TDS6604B) registers the signal.Linearity fit and comparison analysis of experimental data are performed.
Spontaneous emission from a Λ-type atom in anisotropic photonic crystal
Authors: Huang Xian-Shan  , Xie Shuang-Yuan  , Yang Ya-Ping  ,   同济大学物理系,上海  200092
Published: December 2020

The spontaneous emission properties of a Λ_type atom embedded in anisotropic photonic crystals are investigated. We find that the dynamical properties of the atom and the propagating characteristics of the radiation field are obviously influenced by the relative position of the upper level from the forbidden gap and the space between the two lower levels. With the help of numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, we plot the evolution of the total radiation field and its components with the time. Furthermore, we also study the influence of photonic crystals on radiative properties of the atom by means of spontaneous emission spectrum.
Numerical research of flat wideband supercontinuum generation in anomalous dispersion-flattened fibers
Authors: Chen Yong-Zhu  , Li Yu-Zhong  , Qu Gui  , Xu Wen-Cheng  ,   (1)广东技术师范学院机电系，广州  510635; (2)华南师范大学量子电子学研究所，广州  510631
Published: December 2020

Supercontinuum generation in anomalous dispersion_flattened fibers through higher_order soliton compression effect is simulated and analyzed in detail. The results show that the second order differential constant of the dispersion parameter， dispersion parameter of the fiber and the pulse width, and peak power of the pump pulse are crucial to flat wideband supercontinuum generation, and the fiber length should also be dissimilarly chosen. It further shows that supercontinuum generation in the fiber mainly results from the interaction of self_phase modulation and group_velocity dispersions, and the higher_order nonlinear effects can be ignored.
Structural properties of ZnO: In thin films prepared by sol-gel spin-coating technique
Authors: Lan Wei  , Liu Xue-Qin  , Huang Chun-Ming  , Tang Guo-Mei  , Yang Yang  , Wang Yin-Yue  ,   (1)兰州大学物理系,兰州  730000; (2)西北民族大学计算机科学与信息工程学院,兰州  730030
Published: December 2020

ZnO∶In thin films with thickness varying in the 210—240nm range were prepared on quartz substrates by sol_gel spin_coating technique. The structural properties of these thin films (In/Zn=0, 1, 2, 3 and 5at%) were studied by grazing incidence X_ray diffraction, conventional X_ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence. It is found that the ZnO∶In thin films are composed of the unstressed bulk layer packed up by large grains with (002) plane and the surface layer by small grains with (002) and (103) planes, and a proper In doping concentration can improve structural properties of ZnO thin films. The analytic results were further proved by grazing incidence X_ray diffraction at different incidence angles (α=1, 2, 3 and 5°).
Influence of TbDyFe film on giant magnetoimpedance in sandwiched films
Authors: Shao Ming-Hui  , Chen Qing-Yong  , Zheng Wu  ,   首都师范大学物理系，北京  100037
Published: December 2020

The Ni80.2Fe14.1Si0.2Mn0.4Mo5.1 sandwiched films are prepared on the magnetostrictive (Tb0.27Dy0.73)0.3Fe0.7 film substrate. Due to magnetostrictive stress effect on magnetic anisotropy which is believed to be critical for the giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect, the GMI ratio is seen to increase sharply in the magnetic fields. The GMI effect also increases when the samples are annealed at 280℃. But the GMI ratio is still less than that of the as-deposited films.
Mechanism of NBTI degradation in ultra deep submicron PMOSFET’s
Authors: Li Zhong-He  , Liu Hong-Xia  , Hao Yue  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子学院，宽禁带半导体材料与器件教育部重点实验室，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

The mechanism of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation in ultra deep submicron PMOSFET's is investigated. We mainly focus on the threshold voltage shift under subsequent positive bias temperature (PBT) stress after the preceding NBT. It's experimentally demonstrated that trapped holes from inversion channel and the diffusion of hydrogen molecules in the gate oxide are the major causes of NBTI degradation in PMOSFET's. When the condition is switched to PBT stress the trapped holes can be rapidly detrapped, but only a part of hydrogen molecules can diffuse back to the interface of gate oxide and substrate and repassivate silicon dangling bond, this is responsible for the threshold voltage being only partially recovered during PBT annealing.
Study of current in superconductive rings
Authors: Liang Fang-Ying  , Li Han-Ming  , Li Ying-Jun  ,   (1)中国矿业大学(北京校区)力学与建筑工程学院，北京  100083; (2)中国矿业大学(北京校区)力学与建筑工程学院，北京  100083；烟台大学光电信息科学与技术学院，烟台  264005
Published: December 2020

We use a modified time-dependant Ginzburg-Landau model to study the characteristics of superconductive rings and evaluate the vortex motion equations. We show in theory that the flux has jumps, find sign reversal of the current and obtain expressions that are in accordance with the data of experiments.
Tunneling conductance anomalies in normal metal/triplet superconductor junction
Authors: Li Xiao-Wei  , Liu Shu-Jing  ,   淮阴师范学院物理系，淮安  223001
Published: December 2020

In the framework of the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model，we calculate the differential tunneling conductance in normal metal / insulator / normal metal/triplet p-wave superconductor junctions which is studied theoretically as a function of the bias voltage. The results show that there are zero-bias conductance peak, zero-bias conductance dip, double-minimum structures and oscillation components of the differential conductance in the spectra for p-wave superconductor junctions. It can be seen that additional current steps appear in the I-V relationship. The existence of such structures in the conductance spectrum may serve as an evidence that the pairing of Sr2RuO4 has p-wave symmetry.
Two-step depinning and reentrant superconducting phase of moving vortex lattice in disordered superconductors
Authors: He Guo-Liang  , He Yan-Wen  , Zhao Zhi-Gang  , Liu Mei  ,   东南大学物理系，南京  210096
Published: December 2020

We developed a 3D flux_line lattice model with magnetic interactions between intraplane and interplane vortices to simulate the transport properties and the dynamic behavior of disordered anisotropic superconductors. We observed a double peak in the differential resistivity as the driving current increases, which corresponds to a two-step depinning in the vortex motion. Between the two peaks we also observed a reentering pinning phase. We also show that the transition from 2D plastic flow to 3D elastic flow of vortex motion is a recoupling transition which is associated with the double peak in differential resistivity. The increase of critical current of 3D-2D transition with the increasing of magnetic field (decreasing of relative interlayer coupling strength), indicates of a second peak effect.
Perpendicular current-driven magnetization switching in free layer of magnetic tunneling junctions and MRAM
Authors: Peng Zi-Long  , Han Xiu-Feng  , Zhao Su-Fen  , Wei Hong-Xiang  , Du Guan-Xiang  , Zhan Wen-Shan  ,   北京凝聚态物理国家实验室，中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

A new method of readout and writing process driven by perpendicular current in magnetoresistantive random access memory (MRAM) based on the magnetic tunneling junction is reported, and its schematic structure and operation are described.
Electronic and magnetic properties of 3d transition-metal-doped Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductors：first-principle calculations
Authors: Lin Qiu-Bao  , Li Ren-Quan  , Zeng Yong-Zhi  , Zhu Zi-Zhong  ,   (1)厦门大学物理系，厦门  361005; (2)厦门大学物理系，厦门  361005；集美大学理学院，厦门  361021
Published: December 2020

A systematic study based on ab initio calculations within the local spin density approximation (LSDA) has been performed on the Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductors (GaAs and GaP) doped by the 3d-transition metals (TM=V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni). It is shown that the ferromagnetic (FM) state will be realized when the GaAs and GaP are doped by V, Cr or Mn, however, the system is antiferromagnetic (AFM) when doped by Fe; whereas these dilute magnetic semicondutors(DMS's) show unstable magnetism when doped by Co or Ni. It is suggested that Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductors doped by Cr can be candidates for high Curie Temperature DMS. For the present systems, the magnetic moment of V ion is greater than the theoretical value, those of Fe, Co and Ni are smaller than theoretical values, whereas for those of Cr and Mn, the difference between TM's magnetic moment and the expected value depends on the crystal symmetry and electronic states of ions. Finally, we show that, by the co-doping of Si and Mn in GaAs and GaP, the DMS's present a more stable FM state and a higher TC.
Precise time integral of the Bloch equations and its application to the design of radio frequency pulses
Authors: Chen Jie-Fu  , Liu Wan-Qiu  , Zhong Wan-Xie  ,   (1)工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室，大连理工大学，大连  116023; (2)工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室，大连理工大学，大连  116023；中国科学院研究生院，北京  100039
Published: December 2020

Solving the Bloch equations is a core procedure in the optimal design of radio frequency pulses, which has direct impacts on the quality of acquired images in magnetic resonance imaging. Although the analytical solutions of the Bloch equations exist under some circumstances, they hardly can be applied for practical use because of their complexity and lack of generality. In this paper, we employ precise time integration to solve the Bloch equations. Based on a high precision algorithm and in conjunction with a global optimization algorithm, we provide a complate procedure for the design of radio frequency pulses. The numerical data listed at the end of this paper demonstrate that the pulses derived from our algorithm have good frequency selectivity.
Ferromagnetic resonance study of Ni nanowire arrays
Authors: Yuan Shu-Juan  , Zhou Shi-Ming  , Lu Mu  ,   (1)复旦大学应用表面国家重点实验室，复旦大学物理系，上海  200433; (2)南京大学物理系，固体微结构物理国家重点实验室，南京  210093; (3)上海大学物理系，上海  200444
Published: December 2020

Arrays of Ni nanowires were electrodeposited into anodic alumina oxide templates with various pore diameters and porosity. The magnetization behavior of the Ni nanowire arrays was investigated with ferromagnetic resonance techniques and the vibrating sample magnetometer. Both ferromagnetic resonance spectra and hysteresis loops show that there is a strong dipolar interaction between the nanowires. The easy axis of magnetization is mainly a result of a competition of shape anisotropy and dipolar interaction. With increasing array density, the dipolar interactions increase and the easy axis is tuned from parallel to perpendicular to the wire axis.
Influence of doping with titania nanotubes on performance of polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Qian Lei  , Teng Feng  , Xu Zheng  , Quan Shan-Yu  , Liu De-Ang  , Wang Yuan-Min  , Wang Yong-Sheng  , Xu Xu-Rong  ,   (1)北京交通大学光电子技术研究所 信息存储、显示与材料部级开放实验室，北京  100044; (2)北京交通大学光电子技术研究所 信息存储、显示与材料部级开放实验室，北京  100044;天津大学博士后流动站 天津经济技术开发区博士后工作站 天津中环三津有限公司分站，天津  300192
Published: December 2020

The performance of polymer light-emitting diodes was optimized by dispersing titania nanotubes into different functional layers. When titania nanotubes are doped into the hole-transport layer, the hole mobility of the device is greatly increased due to the good p-type conductibility of titania nanotubes. In the case of doping titania nanotubes into emitting layer, irradivative recombination was decreased since organic molecules wrapped on outer surface or entering into the nanotube make the chain conformation of polymer molecules more open. At last, the device efficiency of PLEDs was greatly improved by doping titania nanotubes into the hole buffer layer. This contributes to strong interaction between the titania nanotube and the polymer. This interaction reduces not only the hole conductibility but also the creation of defect states on interface region which can quench the luminescence.
The band structure in microwave frequency for quasi-1-D coaxial photonic crystals
Authors: Tong Yuan-Wei  , Zhang Ye-Wen  , He Li  , Li Hong-Qiang  , Chen Hong  ,   (1)同济大学波耳固体物理研究所，上海  200092; (2)同济大学波耳固体物理研究所，上海  200092;上海理工大学，上海  200093; (3)同济大学波耳固体物理研究所，上海  200092;同济大学电子与信息学院，上海  200092
Published: December 2020

A quasi-one-dimensional coaxial photonic crystal has been assembled from a series of “tee”,“female” and “male” connectors. With the vector network analyzer the transmission coefficient and the phase information has been measured for different structures. The energy band structure has also been calculated with the method of transmission matrix under Bloch periodicity boundary condition. The experimental results agree well with the calculated results.
A technique for distinguishing dynamical species in the temperature time series of Yangtze River delta
Authors: Feng Guo-Lin  , Hou Wei  , Dong Wen-Jie  ,   (1)扬州大学物理科学与技术学院，扬州  225009;中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室，北京  100029; (2)中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室，北京  100029;国家气候中心气候研究开放实验室，北京  100081
Published: December 2020

The conditional entropy of two symbolic sequences which are encoded faithfully from two different time series is minimized at the zero relative shift of the two time series if the two time series have their origins in the same underlying dynamics. This technique is also useful in studying the delayed coupling between different time series. Applications are made to the temperature data derived from five meteorological stations in China, namely Shanghai, Nantong, Changzhou, Nanjing and Hangzhou in order to test the commonality of their underlying dynamics, obtain the relative strength of the dynamics coupling between different variables, and extract the implicit delayed information in the dynamics.
Mode characteristics of asymmetric graphene-coated elliptical dielectric nano-parallel wires waveguide
Authors: Dong Hui-Ying , Qin Xiao-Ru , Xue Wen-Rui , Cheng Xin , Li Ning , Li Chang-Yong ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China,   Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: December 2020

An asymmetric graphene-coated elliptical dielectric nano-parallel wires’ waveguide is proposed. By using the multipole method, in the two elliptic cylindrical coordinate systems, firstly, the longitudinal component of the electric field and the magnetic field are expressed by Mathieu functions, then the corresponding angular and radial components are obtained by Maxwell’s equations. The graphene is regarded as a zero-thickness interface with surface conductivity, and the boundary conditions are applied to these interfaces by the point-matching method. A linear algebraic equation system is obtained finally. The effective refractive indices and the field distributions of modes can be obtained by numerically solving the equation. The six lowest order modes supported by the proposed structure are classified, and the dependence of the characteristics of these modes, separately, on the working wavelength, the graphene Fermi energy and waveguide structure parameters are studied. The real part of the effective refractive index, the propagating length, and the quality factor are used to judge the performance of the waveguide. The results reveal that the characteristics of these modes can be greatly changed by altering the working wavelength of the waveguide, the Fermi energy of graphene, and the spacing between nanowires. When the length of the semi-major and the semi-minor axes of the nanowires are modified, the real part of the effective refractive index, the propagating length, and the quality factor can only be changed finely. At the same time, the results obtained by the multipole method are completely consistent with the results from the finite element method. By comparing the performances among the fundamental mode supported by the single graphene-coated elliptical dielectric nanowire, the symmetric graphene-coated elliptical dielectric nano-parallel wires, and the asymmetric graphene-coated elliptical dielectric nano-parallel wires by the means of the FEM based on commercial software (COMSOL), we find that the performances of the proposed waveguide in this paper are superior to those of the other two waveguides. This work can provide a theoretical basis for the design, fabrication, and application of asymmetric graphene-coated elliptical dielectric nano-parallel wires’ waveguide. The proposed structure is expected to be used in the mode conversion and coupling in the future devices.
Functionally specialized human CD4+ T-cell subsets express physicochemically distinct TCRs
Authors: Kasatskaya Sofya A , Ladell Kristin , Egorov Evgeniy S , Miners Kelly L , Davydov Alexey N , Metsger Maria , Staroverov Dmitry B , Matveyshina Elena K , Shagina Irina A , Mamedov Ilgar Z , Izraelson Mark , Shelyakin Pavel V , Britanova Olga V , Price David A , Chudakov Dmitriy M
Published: December 2020

The organizational integrity of the adaptive immune system is determined by functionally discrete subsets of CD4+T cells, but it has remained unclear to what extent lineage choice is influenced by clonotypically expressed T-cell receptors (TCRs). To address this issue, we used a high-throughput approach to profile the αβ TCR repertoires of human naive and effector/memory CD4+T-cell subsets, irrespective of antigen specificity. Highly conserved physicochemical and recombinatorial features were encoded on a subset-specific basis in the effector/memory compartment. Clonal tracking further identified forbidden and permitted transition pathways, mapping effector/memory subsets related by interconversion or ontogeny. Public sequences were largely confined to particular effector/memory subsets, including regulatory T cells (Tregs), which also displayed hardwired repertoire features in the naive compartment. Accordingly, these cumulative repertoire portraits establish a link between clonotype fate decisions in the complex world of CD4+T cells and the intrinsic properties of somatically rearranged TCRs.
Insights into dog owner perspectives on risks, benefits, and nutritional value of raw diets compared to commercial cooked diets
Authors: Empert-Gallegos Alysia , Hill Sally , Yam Philippa S.
Published: December 2020

Background

The practice of feeding a raw meat-based diet (RMBD) to dogs is a topic of increasing interest to owners and veterinary professionals alike. Despite the research around the practice, particularly about the risk of nutritional imbalances and microbial contamination, an increasing number of dog owners are adopting a raw diet for their dogs. This study expands the research into owner motivations for feeding RMBDs and cooked diets and asks them their opinions about risk and nutritional value.

Methods

An anonymized, online, internationally accessible questionnaire was developed to ascertain owner perspectives on the risks, benefits, and nutritional value of commercially prepared and homemade RMBDs as compared with commercially prepared cooked diets (CCDs).

Results

The questionnaire was completed by 419 dog owners of diverse backgrounds across the world. Of the participants, 25.3% fed RMBDs. Just over 70.0% of all participants had spoken to their veterinarian about their dog’s nutrition. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked their veterinarian’s knowledge lower and their own knowledge of canine nutrition higher than owners who fed CCDs. They rated commercial and homemade RMBDs as highly nutritious 83.5% and 73.6% of the time, respectively, while only 12.5% rated CCDs as highly nutritious. Owners who fed CCDs ranked RMBDs as highly nutritious less often, but also only ranked CCDs as highly nutritious 52.7% of the time. All participants agreed that CCDs were low risk to human health. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked raw diets as highly risky to human or dog health under 20.0% of the time but deemed CCDs risky to animal health over 65.0% of the time. When asked about benefits of raw diets, the most repeated words offered by owners were “health”, “better”, “coat” and “teeth”. The most repeated risks presented were “bacteria”, “nutrition”, “risk” and “Salmonella”. Owners who fed RMBDs tended to use vague terminology like “health” and “better” when asked why they fed a raw diet. Owners who did not feed RMBDs used more specific terminology like “expensive”, “time” and “risk” when asked why they did not feed a raw diet. Overall, the two groups differed in their perceptions around RMBD and CCD feeding, which highlights the need for a better line of communication and education between veterinarians and owners.
Effects of auxin (indole-3-butyric acid) on growth characteristics, lignification, and expression profiles of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in carrot taproot
Authors: Khadr Ahmed , Wang Guang-Long , Wang Ya-Hui , Zhang Rong-Rong , Wang Xin-Rui , Xu Zhi-Sheng , Tian Yong-Sheng , Xiong Ai-Sheng
Published: December 2020

Carrot is an important root vegetable crop abundant in bioactive compounds including carotenoids, vitamins, and dietary fibers. Carrot intake and its products are gradually growing owing to its high antioxidant activity. Auxins are a class of plant hormones that control many processes of plant growth and development. Yet, the effects of exogenous application of auxin on lignin biosynthesis and gene expression profiles of lignin-related genes in carrot taproot are still unclear. In order to investigate the effect of exogenous indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on lignin-related gene profiles, lignin accumulation, anatomical structures and morphological characteristics in carrot taproots, carrots were treated with different concentrations of IBA (0, 50, 100, and 150 µM). The results showed that IBA application significantly improved the growth parameters of carrot. The 100 or 150 µM IBA treatment increased the number and area of xylem vessels, whereas transcript levels of lignin-related genes were restricted, resulting in a decline in lignin content in carrot taproots. The results indicate that taproot development and lignin accumulation may be influenced by the auxin levels within carrot plants.
INTERTEXTUALIDADE E RELIGIÃO EM DAS GLÜCK DE WILHELM ROTERMUND
Authors: Grützmann Imgart , Klumb Mateus
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo objetiva-se analisar os intertextos no conto Das Glück, de Wilhelm Rotermund, publicado no Kalender für die Deutschen in Brasilien para o ano de 1882, como elementos estruturantes da narrativa e como formas de mobilização de sentidos para os leitores. Para tanto, parte-se da noção de transtextualidade e intertextualidade de Gérard Genette (1982) e Laurent Jenny (1979). Wilhelm Rotermund (1843-1925), natural de Stemmen/Hannover, doutor em teologia pela Universidade de Jena, emigrou para o Brasil em 1874 para atuar como pastor na Comunidade Evangélica de São Leopoldo/RS. Nessa localidade, Rotermund também foi livreiro, jornalista, escritor e organizador do Kalender für die Deutschen in Brasilien, almanaque que circulou de 1881 a 1918 e de 1920 a 1941, no qual publicou seus contos.
Stimulating the Rate of Phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Inorganic Urea
Authors: Tanee F. B. G. , Jude K.
Published: December 2020

Investigation on the use of urea in stimulating the phytoremediation of Chromolaena odorata in a crude oil contaminated soil was carried out at a crude oil spilled site at Botem-Tai, Ogoni, Nigeria. Three phytoremediation treatments labeled A – C in addition to the control (D) were used. The treatments were: A (Chromolaena odorata only), B (Chromolaena odorata + 20 g/m2 urea), C (Chromolaena odorata + 40 g/m2 urea), D (polluted soil without phytoremediation) arranged using Latin Square Design (LSD). Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and Total hydrocarbon content (THC) in soil and plant samples from the different treatment plots in addition to other soil nutrients were analyzed. The percentage reduction in TPH and THC in soil were as follows: Treatment B, {TPH (92.08%) and THC (95.37%)} > treatment A {TPH (88.95%) and THC (93.37%)}> C {TPH (78.78%) and THC (83.29%)} > Control {TPH (14.76%) and THC (32.90%)}. Treatment C had the highest TPH (2.67 mg/kg) and THC (20.57 mg/kg) accumulation in test   plant. Combining stimulant (urea) with phytoremediation also improved soil properties such  as pH, Nitrogen and Potassium. With the highest reduction of TPH and THC in treatment B (phytoremediation with 20 g/m2 urea) than other treatments is an indication that low   concentration of urea has a stimulatory effect on phytoremediation of crude oil by Chromolaena odorata.
Membranas e barreiras para regeneração óssea guiada
Authors: Pilger Alan Dal'Alba , Schneider Luis Eduardo , Da Silva Gabrielle Mello , Schneider Kalinka Crivellaro Crusius , Smidt Ricardo
Published: December 2020

 

Introdução: a evolução das técnicas de reconstrução alveolar e dos biomateriais na regeneração óssea guiada (ROG), vêm trazendo consigo o desenvolvimento de novas membranas com diferentes características e propriedades. Objetivo: visando ajudar o clínico na escolha da melhor membrana para utilizar na técnica de ROG, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo tabular as principais membranas disponíveis para utilização no mercado nacional. Metodologia: foram incluídas 30 membranas para ROG registrados e regulamentados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). As empresas fabricantes foram contatadas para fornecer as informações dos seus respectivos produtos. Resultados: 30 membranas foram encontradas e tabuladas. Após a análise das informações obtidas pelos fabricantes, as mesmas foram classificadas nos seguintes itens: nome, empresa fabricante, origem, tempo de bioreabsorção, possibilidade de exposição ao meio bucal, diâmetro dos orifícios e apresentação. Discussão: as propriedades e características específicas de cada membrana podem determinar diferentes resultados, sendo importante para o profissional conhecer essas diferenças para selecionar os materiais mais indicados aos procedimentos de ROG de acordo com os objetivos de cada caso. Dessa forma, os resultados podem ser previsíveis e atender da melhor forma possível as expectativas do tratamento com embasamento científico. Conclusão: o presente estudo tabulou 30 membranas quanto às suas principais características, visando orientar os profissionais da saúde na seleção da membrana mais adequada para alcançar seus objetivos no tratamento da ROG.
LncRNA SOX2‐OT regulates AKT/ERK and SOX2/GLI‐1 expression, hinders therapy, and worsens clinical prognosis in malignant lung diseases
Authors: Herrera‐Solorio Abril Marcela , Peralta‐Arrieta Irlanda , Armas López Leonel , Hernández‐Cigala Nallely , Mendoza Milla Criselda , Ortiz Quintero Blanca , Catalán Cárdenas Rodrigo , Pineda Villegas Priscila , Rodríguez Villanueva Evelyn , Trejo Iriarte Cynthia G. , Zúñiga Joaquín , Arrieta Oscar , Ávila‐Moreno Federico
Published: December 2020

The involvement of LncRNA SOX2‐overlapping transcript (SOX2‐OT), SOX2, and GLI‐1 transcription factors in cancer has been well documented. Nonetheless, it is still unknown whether co‐expressed SOX2‐OT/SOX2 or SOX2‐OT/SOX2/GLI‐1 axes are epigenetically/transcriptionally involved in terms of resistance to oncology therapy and in poorer clinical outcomes for patients with lung cancer. We evaluated the role of SOX2‐OT/SOX2 and SOX2‐OT/SOX2/GLI‐1 axes using RT‐qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence analyses, gene silencing, cellular cytotoxic, and ChIP‐qPCR assays on human cell lines, solid lung malignant tumors, and normal lung tissue. We detected that the SOX2‐OT/SOX2/GLI‐1 axis promotes resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)‐erlotinib and cisplatin‐based therapy. Evidence from this study show that SOX2‐OT modulates the expression/activation of EGFR‐pathway members AKT/ERK. Further, both SOX2‐OT and GLI‐1 genes are epigenetically regulated at their promoter sequences, in an LncRNA SOX2‐OT‐dependent manner, mainly through modifying the enrichment of the activation histone mark H3K4me3/H3K27Ac, versus the repressive histone mark H3K9me3/H3K27me3. In addition, we identified that inhibition of SOX2‐OT and reduced expression of SOX2/GLI‐1 sensitizes lung cancer cells to EGFR/TKI‐erlotinib or cisplatin‐based treatment. Finally, we show that high co‐expression of SOX2‐OT/SOX2 transcripts and SOX2/GLI‐1 proteins appears to correlate with a poor clinical prognosis and lung malignant phenotype. Collectively, these results present evidence that LncRNA SOX2‐OT modulates an orchestrated resistance mechanism, promoting poor prognosis and human lung malignancy through genetic, epigenetic, and post‐translational mechanisms.
Spray Synthesis of Photonic Crystal Based Automotive Coatings with Bright and Angular‐Dependent Structural Colors
Authors: Wang Chuan , Lin Xi , Schäfer Christian G. , Hirsemann Stefan , Ge Jianping
Published: December 2020

It is a challenge to prepare photonic crystal (PC) automotive coatings via spraying colloidal solutions because the fast fabrication tends to produce amorphous photonic crystals with faint colors. Here, a two‐step spraying process followed by thermal curing is developed to prepare waterproof PC coatings with bright, uniform, and angular‐dependent structural colors. The solvents in PC paint are studied to achieve a quick formation of liquid PC intermediate, which transformed into a highly crystalline PC coating. Thanks to the narrow and intense reflections, the as‐made coatings present colors with high saturation, including the red/yellow/green/blue colors achieved by tuning the particle size, and many spectral/non‐spectral colors via the mixing of base colors. Meanwhile, patterned or fully covered PC coatings with good chemical and mechanical stability can be prepared on different substrates, where the shiny colors changing with the viewing angles or the surface curvatures offer a new choice for personalized automotive coatings.
Surface Termination of Solution‐Processed CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Film Examined using Electron Spectroscopies
Authors: Mirzehmet Abduheber , Ohtsuka Tomoki , Abd. Rahman Syed A. , Yuyama Tomoki , Krüger Peter , Yoshida Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

The interfaces of a perovskite solar cell significantly influence the charge processes in the cell, which contributes to the device performance with direct implication for surface potential, electronic structure, and chemical reactivity. The properties of the interface are strongly affected by the surface termination. In this work, the combination of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and metastable‐atom electron spectroscopy is demonstrated, to examine the surface termination of a solution‐processed CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film. The results show that the surface of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film is terminated with a layer consisting of CH3NH3 and I. The interface energy level alignment for both occupied and unoccupied levels between CH3NH3PbI3 and C60 is also examined using UPS and low‐energy inverse photoelectron spectroscopy. It turns out that an ideal energy level alignment is established for the electron collection and hole block at the perovskite and C60 interface.
Highly Regio‐ and Enantioselective Organocatalytic γ‐Allylic Alkylation of Quinolines
Authors: Meazza Marta , Rios Ramon
Published: December 2020

We report the first synthesis of 2‐alkenylquinolines from 2‐allylquinolines and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The reaction proceeds in a highly regioselective and enantioselective way and shows a broad tolerance of functionalities both in the aromatic ring of the enal and on the quinoline.

magnified image
Second‐Second Moments and Two Observers Testing Quantum Nonlocality
Authors: Bednorz Adam
Published: December 2020

It is shown that rejection of local realism in quantum mechanics can be tested by Bell‐type inequalities for two observers and low‐order moments of continuous and unbounded observables. It is proved that one requires three observables for each observer for a maximally entangled state and two observables for a non‐maximally entangled state and write down appropriate inequalities and show violation by quantum examples. Finding an example for quadratures or position and momentum is left as an open problem.
Anatomical analysis of vestibular aqueducts in humans and miniature pigs
Authors: Gu Xiang , Jiang Qing‐qing , Sun Wei , Guo Weiwei , Yang Shi‐Ming
Published: December 2020

The physiological function of the endolymphatic sac (ES) is not fully understood. However, the widely used animal models for studying the ES, mice and zebrafish, still have many dissimilarities with the human ES. Miniature pigs have a cochlear structure and hearing frequency range more similar to those of humans, making them one of the most popular experimental animals in otology and audiology research. However, there are few data on the anatomy of the vestibular aqueduct (VA) in miniature pigs. To characterize the anatomical structure of the VA of miniature pigs, we scanned the temporal bones of four normal individuals (8 ears) using micro‐CT and reconstructed the VA with Mimics software using multi‐planar reconstruction techniques. We found that, as in humans, the VA of miniature pigs also consisted of proximal and distal parts. The total length of the VA of miniature pigs was 5.4 ± 0.5 mm (n = 8), approximately a third of its length in humans. Our study found that the VA of miniature pigs is a promising model for vestibular disease research.
Early Treatment and IL1RN Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms Affect Response to Anakinra in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Pardeo Manuela , Rossi Marianna Nicoletta , Pires Marafon Denise , Sacco Emanuela , Bracaglia Claudia , Passarelli Chiara , Caiello Ivan , Marucci Giulia , Insalaco Antonella , Perrone Chiara , Tulone Anna , Prencipe Giusi , De Benedetti Fabrizio
Published: December 2020

Objective

To evaluate the impact of early treatment and IL1RN genetic variants on the response to anakinra in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Response to anakinra was defined as achievement of clinically inactive disease (CID) at 6 months without glucocorticoid treatment. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of 56 patients were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses as predictors of response to treatment. Six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL1RN gene, previously demonstrated to be associated with a poor response to anakinra, were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or Sanger sequencing. Haplotype mapping was performed with Haploview software. IL1RN messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in whole blood from patients, prior to anakinra treatment initiation, was assessed by qPCR.

Results

After 6 months of anakinra treatment, 73.2% of patients met the criteria for CID without receiving glucocorticoids. In the univariate analysis, the variable most strongly related to the response was disease duration from onset to initiation of anakinra treatment, with an optimal cutoff at 3 months (area under the curve 84.1%). Patients who started anakinra treatment ≥3 months after disease onset had an 8‐fold higher risk of nonresponse at 6 months of treatment. We confirmed that the 6 IL1RN SNPs were inherited as a common haplotype. We found that homozygosity for ≥1 high‐expression SNP correlated with higher IL1RN mRNA levels and was associated with a 6‐fold higher risk of nonresponse, independent of disease duration.

Conclusion

Our findings on patients with systemic JIA confirm the important role of early interleukin‐1 inhibition and suggest that genetic IL1RN variants predict nonresponse to therapy with anakinra.
Recent Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials for microRNA Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Wang Jiameng , Wen Jia , Yan Hongyuan
Published: December 2020

MicroRNA (miRNA) is an important tumor marker in the human body, and its early detection has a great influence on the survival rate of patients. Although there are many detection methods for miRNA at present such as northern blotting, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, and others, electrochemical biosensors have the advantages of low detection cost, small instrument size, simple operation, non‐invasive detection and low consumption of reagents and solvents, and thus they play an important role in the early detection of cancer. In addition, with the development of nanotechnology, nano‐biosensors show great potential. The application of various nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical biosensor has greatly improved the detection sensitivity of electrochemical biosensor. Among them, carbon nanomaterials which have unique electrical, optical, physical and chemical properties have attracted increasing attention. In particular, they have a large surface area, good biocompatibility and conductivity. Therefore, carbon nanomaterials combined with electrochemical methods can be used to detect miRNA quickly, easily and sensitively. In this review, we systematically review recent applications of different carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphitic carbon nitride, carbon dots, graphene quantum dots and other carbon nanomaterials) for miRNA electrochemical detection. In addition, we demonstrate the future prospects of electrochemical biosensors modified by carbon nanomaterials for the detection of miRNAs, and some suggestions for their development in the near future.
Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids from grape seed (Vitis vinifera L.) oil in associated packed bed reactors
Authors: Cozentino Izabela de Souza Correia , Rodrigues Marina de Freitas , Mazziero Vitor Teixeira , Cerri Marcel Otávio , Cavallini Daniela Cardoso Umbelino , de Paula Ariela Veloso
Published: December 2020

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) can be modified to increase the absorption of fatty acids, prevent obesity, and treat fat malabsorption disorders and metabolic diseases. Medium–long–medium (MLM)‐type TAGs, which contain medium‐chain fatty acids in the sn‐1 and sn‐3 positions of the glycerol backbone and a long‐chain fatty acid in the sn‐2 position, show particularly interesting nutritional characteristics. This study aimed to synthesize MLM‐type TAGs by enzymatic acidolysis of grape seed oil with medium‐chain capric acid (C10:0) in associated packed bed reactors. The reaction was carried out during 120 H, at 45 °C, using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme® RM IM). The residence time distribution of reagents in the reactor was quantified to evaluate the reactor behavior and to diagnose the existence of preferential paths. The reaction progress was monitored by analyzing TAG composition and, at the steady state (after 48 H of reaction), the incorporation degree achieved a value of 39.91 ± 2.77%. To enhance the capric acid incorporation, an acidolysis reaction in associated packed bed reactors was performed. The results showed a good operational stability of the biocatalyst, revealing values of half‐life 209.64 H, 235.63 H of packed bed and associated packed bed reactor, respectively, and a deactivation coefficient 0.0061 H−1.
Die Verbreiterung der Hochstraße Elbmarsch in Hamburg
Authors: Seifried Jörg , Krohn Sebastian , Gebert Gregor , Dawirs Katharina
Published: December 2020

Zur Erzielung der erforderlichen Querschnittsbreite für die Verbreiterung der Hochstraße Elbmarsch sind, wie in „Teil 1 – Überblick zur Gesamtmaßnahme“ beschrieben, eine innenseitige Verbreiterung sowie die Instandsetzung der Bestandskonstruktion als Erstmaßnahme geplant. Die Umsetzbarkeit des geplanten Konzepts der Verbreiterung wurde im Rahmen einer vorgezogenen Maßnahme (Pilotmaßnahme) auf einem Teilstück erprobt.
Comparison of inherited neural tube defects in companion animals and livestock
Authors: Zarzycki Alexandra , Thomas Zoe M. , Mazrier Hamutal
Published: December 2020

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations resulting from the improper or incomplete closure of the neural tube during embryonic development. A number of similar malformations of the protective coverings surrounding the central nervous system are also often included under this umbrella term, which may not strictly fit this definition. A range of NTD phenotypes exist and have been reported in humans and a wide range of domestic and livestock species. In the veterinary literature, these include cases of anencephaly, encephalocele, dermoid sinus, spina bifida, and craniorachischisis. While environmental factors have a role, genetic predisposition may account for a significant part of the risk of NTDs in these animal cases. Studies of laboratory model species (fish, birds, amphibians, and rodents) have been instrumental in improving our understanding of the neurulation process. In mice, over 200 genes that may be involved in this process have been identified and variant phenotypes investigated. Like laboratory mouse models, domestic animals and livestock species display a wide range of NTD phenotypes. They remain, however, a largely underutilized population and could complement already established laboratory models. Here we review reports of NTDs in companion animals and livestock, and compare these to other animal species and human cases. We aim to highlight the potential of nonlaboratory animal models for mutation discovery as well as general insights into the mechanisms of neurulation and the development of NTDs.
Ein alternatives Tabellenverfahren zur Heißbemessung von Stahlbetonstützen
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Cyllok Michael , Fingerloos Frank
Published: December 2020

Im November 2019 ist eine A1‐Änderung von Eurocode 2 – DIN EN 1992‐1‐2: Tragwerksbemessung für den Brandfall veröffentlicht worden. Diese A1‐Änderung enthält sieben Bemessungstabellen im neuen Anhang C: „Knicken von Stützen unter Brandbedingungen“ für Feuerwiderstandsklassen R30 bis R240. Mit diesem Tabellenverfahren steht eine weitere Möglichkeit der Heißbemessung von Stahlbetonstützen mit rechteckigem Querschnitt in ausgesteiften und nicht ausgesteiften Bauwerken zur Verfügung. Die bauaufsichtliche Einführung über die Verwaltungsvorschriften der Länder ist vermutlich 2021/2022 zu erwarten.

Die wissenschaftlichen Hintergründe und die Validierung des neuen Anhangs C mit den dazugehörigen Restriktionen werden in diesem Beitrag erläutert. Auf diesen Grundlagen wird die Anwendung der Tabellen des Anhangs C nunmehr auch in Deutschland ermöglicht (A2‐Änderung des Nationalen Anhangs). Der Beitrag zeigt an zwei Bemessungsbeispielen die praktische Anwendung der neuen Tabellen und gibt abschließend einen kurzen Ausblick auf die geplante Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs dieser Tabellen in der nächsten Eurocode‐Generation.