bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROJECTMANAGERLEADERSHIPBEHAVIOR:TASK-ORIENTED VERSUS RELATIONSHIP-ORIENTED
Authors: Henkel Tom , Marion Jim , Bourdeau Debra
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we examined managers’leadership behavior when working on a simulated team project regarding task-oriented versus relationship-oriented leadership behavior to effectively achieve successful project completion.Managers attending an advanced project management development program responded to the Fielder Leadership Behavior Style Self-Assessment, which is a useful framework to determine task-orientedversus relationship-oriented leadership behavioral styles.The degree oftask-oriented versus relationship- oriented leadership behavior styles was assessedto determine the approach taken by the managers forachievingsuccessfulprojectcompletion.APearson’schi-squaretestwasconductedtodeterminewhether the observed values were significantly different from an expected value of five.The findings can contribute to better understanding the leadership styles, which characterize project management accomplishment.
LEADERSHIP EMERGENCE THROUGH VOLUNTEERISM: A CASE STUDY OF LATE ADOLESCENT EXEMPLARS
Authors: Beckert Andy Harris Troy E.
Published: May 2019

Leadership education is a prominent component of youth programming. In their efforts to promote leadership development, most youth programs promote character development and teach interpersonal skills but fall short in teaching leadership because they fail to encourage the use of authority. In this paper, we present the stories of five late adolescent exemplars as a case study of youth leadership emergence through volunteerism. These youth demonstrated leadership by transitioning from participating in community service activities to becoming organizers of their own beneficent efforts. Through a qualitative analysis of interviews with these adolescent leaders, we present themes that were important to their emergence as leaders. We then discuss how these findings should be used to inform youth development programs that are designed to encourage youth leadership through volunteerism.
Robust Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model
Authors: Hirano Tatsuya , Narushima Yasushi
Published: May 2019

An important and often researched area of management science is mathematical modeling of a supply chain. Competitive situations can occur in supply chains owing to the involvement of multiple decision makers (players) that independently decide their behaviors. To investigate competitive supply chain networks, a supply chain network equilibrium (SCNE) model was proposed. Recently, particular attention has been paid to risk management of a supply chain. In equilibrium models, it is vital to consider players’ decisions and interdependence relations. Thus, we consider competitive supply chain networks with uncertainties in the other players’ strategies. In the proposed model, each player cannot know exactly the other players’ strategies, and they decide their strategy using the minimax principle (that is, assuming the worst case). We call it the robust SCNE model. We formulate the robust SCNE model as a variational inequality problem (VIP) in which the set associated with the VIP is constructed by second-order cone constraints. We show the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium under mild assumptions. In addition, we give, in a special case, some relations between players’ strategies in the equilibrium and magnitudes of uncertainties. Finally, some numerical results are provided.
Serological and histopathological investigation of brucellosis in cattle in Medea region, Northern Algeria
Authors: Kaaboub El Aid , Ouchene Nassim , Ouchene-Khelifi Nadjet Amina , Khelef Djamel
Published: May 2019

Aim: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Medea region, Northern Algeria. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 495 non-vaccinated cattle, of which 280 (30 males and 250 females) belonged to 57 cattle farms and 215 cows were sampled at abattoirs of Medea. Sera collected from the cattle were tested using the Rose Bengal test and confirmed by histopathological analysis. Results: Serological examination revealed that 7/57 farms (12.28%) were infected, of which 7/280 (2.5%) cattle were seropositive. The prevalence in females and males was 2.4% (6/250) and 3.33% (1/30), respectively. No significant difference has been observed between females and males. Older animals (≥8 years) were infected more. The prevalence of infection was 9.1%. Seroprevalence of Brucella infection in cows that have already had abortion was higher compared with non-aborted cows (4.34% and 2.20%, respectively). In abattoirs, a total of 25 (11.62%) seropositive cows were detected, and the histopathological analysis was positive in all these cows. Conclusion: The study indicates that brucellosis indeed exists in cattle in Medea and shows that the meat of slaughtered cattle tested positive for brucellosis may constitute a real risk of transmission to both butchery personnel and consumers, which requires that the meat of infected animals should be analyzed before being marketed.
Proposta de drenagem sustentável para uma municipalidade de pequeno porte – Estudo de caso
Authors: Cauduro Flávia , Müller Christiane Ribeiro , Rosa Gustavo Guimarães
Published: May 2019

A atual preocupação com relação a renovação e preservação dos recursos naturais promove estudos que relacionam a redução, reuso e reciclagem destes recursos. A Engenharia Civil, em específico o setor de Infraestrutura Urbana, tem responsabilidade pela preservação do ecossistema das áreas urbanizadas e em processo de urbanização. A urbanização deve ser realizada de forma a promover a redução do impacto ambiental e a aplicação de medidas que preservam as Áreas de Preservação Permanentes, usam adequadamente o solo, preservam os mananciais, manejam as águas pluviais e permitem a recarga das águas subterrâneas, tratam os efluentes, entre outras. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é propor um sistema de drenagem sustentável para a área central de uma municipalidade de pequeno porte. O objeto do estudo de caso tem área de 280,8 km² e foram estudados dois cenários de drenagem urbana, convencional e sustentável. O desenvolvimento considerou o emprego de medidas que preservem e reusem os recursos hídricos, reduzem a poluição difusa e promovem a recarga das águas subterrâneos. A conclusão do estudo é que ao adotar medidas sustentáveis para a drenagem urbana há a redução do coeficiente de deflúvio das áreas e da vazão pluvial lançada no sistema de drenagem. Por consequência destas reduções a metodologia adotada alcança seus objetivos.
Demensi Etnik dalam Kerukunan Umat Beragama di Kota Pontianak Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Rachmadhani Arnis
Published: May 2019

A study of qualitative research with data obtained from interviews, in-depth observation, and literature study was conducted in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan Province, describes the general social interaction in Pontianak City that leads to an associative form of interaction, although there is also a potential that leads to dissociative. Assositive interactions include accommodation in the form of a fairly tolerant attitude of religious life; assimilation in the form of cultural assimilation, especially the assimilation between religion and culture that strengthens the relationship of two things, and which strengthens the relationship between families, where cultural interaction strengthens inter-citizen harmony, especially among religious followers; as well as cooperation in the implementation of cultural activities antaretnik. However, dissociative interactions also occur that is the emergence of competition in the form of contradictions. The social systems in Pontianak influence the harmony between religious and inter-ethnic communities. These social systems are social systems built from ethnic Malay, Dayak, Bugis, Madurese, Javanese, and other ethnic groups. The process of working the social system on interethnic religious harmony in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan Province due to the diversity of ethnic groups that can have positive and negative impacts. Positive influence because strengthening the unity of ethnic intern and its negative influence is able to bring up the problem.
Akar Gerakan Politik Fundamentalisme Islam di Era Modern (Studi terhadap Pemikiran Karen Armstrong)
Authors: Subekhi Muhamad
Published: May 2019

This study analyzes the roots of the fundamentalist Islam political movement in the modern era by specifically tracing the logic in Islamic theology specific to Islamic fundamentalism. On this basis, this study uses a descriptive interpretative approach through which researchers try to critically dissect how Armstrong views the political ideology of Islamic fundamentalism. The Islamic fundamentalism movement, in particular, must be understood as a political movement. With this assumption, the position of the fundamentalists and their how they fight from an ideological basiscan be clearly seen. Based on the theme above, this research concludes two important findings: First, many forms of what is called “fundamentalism” must be essentially seen as discourses on political theology, namely forms of nationalism or ethnicity,that are religiously articulated. Thus, fundamentalism can be understood as a political movement that has the ideology of Islam. Secondly, psychologically, it needs to be realized that both the theology and ideology of fundamentalists are rooted in fear; this begins with their insecurity that secularists will eliminate them. It is also necessary to realize that fundamentalist movements are not ancient or from the past, but they are basically modern and very innovative.[Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang bagaimana akar gerakan politik fundamentalisme Islam di era modern, dengan secara khusus menelusuri nalar teologi politik fundamentalisme Islam.Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-interpretatif, peneliti mencoba membedah secara kritis bagaimana pandangan Armstrong tentang ideologi politik fundamentalisme Islam.Karena, gerakan fundamentalisme Islam ini secara khusus harus dipahami sebagai gerakan politik, dengan asumsi ini maka, dapat secara jelas melihat bagaimana posisi kaum fundamentalis beserta basis ideologi yang diperjuangkannya.Dengan berpijak pada tema penelitian di atas, penelitian ini menyimpulkan dua hal penting sebagai berikut.Pertama, banyak bentuk dari apa yang disebut “fundamentalisme” harus dilihat secara esensial sebagai wacana teologi politik, yakni bentuk nasionalisme atau etnisitas yang diartikulasikan secara religius. Dengan demikian, fundamentalisme dapat dipahami sebagai gerakan politik yang berideologikan Islam.Kedua, secara psikologis, perlu disadari bahwa teologi dan ideologi kaum fundamentalis berakar dalam ketakutan, hal ini berawal dari pehamanan mereka bahwa kaum sekuler akan melenyapkan mereka. Perlu disadari juga bahwa gerakan fundamentalis bukanlah hal kuno dari masa lampau, mereka pada dasarnya modern serta sangat inovatif.]
Praktik Penafsiran Hermeneutik K.H.A. Rifa'i
Authors: Nurani Shinta
Published: May 2019

This paper discuss about the practice of hermeneutical interpretation by a nineteenth-century scholar, K.H. Ahmad Rifa'i in his works. Some of the books he wrote are an attempt of interpretive practice that is organized thematically rather than an orderly mushafi, fiqh-style using hermeneutic principles that always connect between text, context and contextualization based on socio-cultural conditions and realities that occurred in the era of colonialism. The use of hermeneutic principles in each of his works aims to produce a contextual, modernist, reformative interpretation, and in accordance with the needs of the society at that time. The existence of works and da'wah K.H.A. Rifa'i became an intellectual weapon against and rebelled against colonialism. The patterns of thought, attitude and behavior of noncooperation are passed on to Jam'iyah Rifa'iyah generation until now.[Tulisan ini membahas praktik penafsiran hermeneutis yang dilakukan oleh seorang ulama abad ke-19, K.H. Ahmad Rifa’i dalam karya-karyanya. Beberapa kitab yang ditulisnya merupakan sebuah upaya praktik penafsiran yang disusun secara tematik bukan secara tertib mushafi, bercorak fiqh dengan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip hermeneutik yang selalu menghubungkan antara teks, konteks dan kontekstualisasi berdasarkan kondisi serta realitas sosio-kultural yang terjadi pada era kolonialisme. Penggunaan prinsip hermeneutik dalam setiap karyanya bertujuan untuk menghasilkan penafsiran yang kontekstual, modernis, reformatif, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat saat itu. Keberadaan karya dan dakwah K.H.A. Rifa’i menjadi senjata intelektual untuk melawan dan memberontak terhadap kolonialisme. Pola pemikiran, sikap dan tingkah laku noncooperation diwariskan kepada generasi Jam’iyah Rifa’iyah hingga sekarang ini.]
Fenomena Living Islam dalam Sinetron Para Pencari Tuhan (Studi atas Tuntunan Sebelum dan Setelah Pernikahan dalam Sinetron Para Pencari Tuhan Jilid 3 Episode 19)
Authors: Alwi Muh
Published: May 2019

This article attempts to present the various forms of living Islam (al-Qur’an and Hadith) found in the television program Para Pencari Tuhan (Those Who Seek God), particularly in season 3 episode 19. This study began with the assumption that every behavior is initiated based on an understanding (both textual and contextual) of religious texts, namely al-Qur’an and Hadith, including the various scenes presented in this television program. Subsequently, this article will discuss, as a focused study, matters of romance leading to marriage as experienced by Azam and Aya, Chelsea and Marni, Barong and Dara, and scenes of others who tried to involve themselves in the matter. Ultimately, this article presents various ways of living Islam found in the television program Para Pencari Tuhan; among them are the Hadith on fasting for the sake of Allah, Hadith on Khadijah’s special status, Hadith on the criteria of partners one should choose, Hadith on the prohibition of approaching a woman who is being proposed to, Hadith on the command for capable youth to get married, verses on polygamy, verses on the importance of atabayyun attitude, verses on helping each other, and verses on the benefits of marriage. The various Hadith and verses recorded in the scenes of the television program indicate that this program continues to hold a significant role in spreading Islamic teachings.
Незавершенная гендерная революция
Authors: Чернова Жанна Владимировна
Published: May 2019

Статья посвящена концептуализации современного российского гендерного порядка. Для этого автор использует идею И.С. Кона о трех революциях как социальных процессах переустройства гендерных отношений в сфере сексуальности, семьи, образования и занятости. Также предлагается аналитическая рамка, позволяющая по-новому интерпретировать специфику (вос)производства гендерных отношений в современной России, а также выделить факторы, как способствующие, так и препятствующие гендерной революции, то есть изменению отношений между мужчинами и женщинами в публичной и приватной сферах в сторону большего гендерного равенства. Концепция множественного равновесия Г. Эспинг-Андерсена и институционального бриколажа С. Данкена позволяют проанализировать взаимосвязь между советским опытом гендерной политики и современными тенденциями индивидуализации и плюрализации. Рассмотрение сексуальной, гендерной и семейной революций в историческом контексте позволяют сделать вывод о том, как происходит (пере)изобретение традиции в современном контексте, как сильно и почему современный гендерный порядок базируется на советском опыте гендерной политики и какой вклад постсоветские трансформации и глобальные тенденции вносят в его специфику.
Дискуссия об абортах в Российской империи: частная жизнь и новая идентичность
Authors: Юкина Ирина Игоревна
Published: May 2019

Статья посвящена дискуссии об абортах, развернувшейся в России в начале ХХ века. В ней представлены мнения трех экспертных сообществ — врачебного, юридического и феминистского, рассматривавших тенденцию роста числа абортов как острую социальную проблему и искавших пути ее решения. Дискуссия зафиксировала ситуацию в России того времени, которая характеризовалась расширением социальных ролей женщин, формированием новой женской идентичности, дальнейшим разделением частной и публичной сфер, изменением отношения представителей доминирующих групп населения к физической любви, детям, личным (гражданским) правам. Автор приходит к выводу, что распространение модернистских взглядов на семью, роль женщины среди представителей образованных групп положило начало формированию новой репродуктивной культуры и способствовало прохождению Россией демографической модернизации.
"Чего хотят женщины": мотивы отказа от роддома в пользу домашних родов
Authors: Ожиганова Анна Александровна
Published: May 2019

В социальных исследованиях домашние роды рассматриваются как одна из форм протеста женщин против технократической модели родовспоможения и медикализации родов. Опираясь на методологию исследования терапевтического выбора, предложенного медицинским антропологом Л. Гарро, я рассматриваю основные ситуации выбора как, где и с кем рожать: ситуацию первой беременности (в двух вариантах: женщины без опыта пациента до беременности и женщины с опытом пациента) и ситуацию повторной беременности (также в двух вариантах: женщины с опытом больничных родов и женщины с опытом домашних родов). Статья основывается на материалах глубинных полуформализованных интервью с женщинами, имеющими опыт домашних родов, а также с перинатальными специалистами (домашними акушерками, доулами, психологами и ведущими разнообразных курсов в центрах подготовки к родам). Одна часть интервью относится к пилотному этапу исследования, который проходил в Москве и Самаре в 2005—2007 гг., другая записана в Москве в 2015—2018 гг. В результате анализа интервью с женщинами, рожавшими дома, я прихожу к выводу, что основной причиной, по которой женщины выбирают домашние роды, является их убежденность в том, что в роддоме им не смогут обеспечить безопасные с их точки зрения роды. Это убеждение обычно основывается на личном негативном опыте пациента, который будущие матери приобретают в предыдущих родах, во время беременности или даже задолго до нее — в сферах медицины, не связанных с репродуктивным здоровьем. В отдельных случаях существенным фактором выбора домашних родов становится принадлежность к сообществу, в котором домашние роды являются общепринятой практикой (например, последователи здорового или естественного образа жизни).
(Не)человеческая социология и власть искусственной социальности
Authors: Гаврилина Елена Александровна , Петрова Ирина Эдуардовна
Published: May 2019

Текст не аннотирован.
Государственное радиовещание в России: тренд на потерю влияния
Authors: Шариков Александр Вячеславович
Published: May 2019

В статье рассматриваются проблемы развития федерального государственного радиовещания на примере радиостанций «Радио России» и «Маяк», являющихся структурными подразделениями Всероссийской государственной телевизионной и радиовещательной компании (ВГТРК). Накопленные данные исследований позволяют увидеть, что радиостанции ВГТРК за последние 22 года потеряли лидирующие позиции в России. Доля аудитории на общероссийском уровне с 1996 г. по 2018 г. снизилась: у «Радио России» с 27% до 5,8%, у «Маяка» — с 26% до 3,1%. И если в 1996 г. две станции занимали, соответственно, первое и второе места по величине доли аудитории, то в 2018 г. «Радио России» было лишь на шестом месте, а «Маяк» — на двенадцатом. Основная причина — недостаточное внимание руководства радиостанций к техническому распространению сигнала. В 1996 г. население России слушало радио преимущественно с помощью проводного радио и приемников, способных принимать средние и длинные волны. В 2018 г. подавляющее большинство российских радиослушателей использовало FM-диапазон, где государственные станции представлены слабо по сравнению с коммерческими станциями-лидерами. Возможностью приема «Радио России» и «Маяка» на проводном радио к 2018 г., оценочно, обладает всего лишь 12% российского населения, при том, что вещание на длинных волнах прекращено. Потери аудитории сопровождаются ослаблением силы бренда радиостанций, особо остро проявляющимся у «Радио России» — спонтанное знание радиостанции обнаруживают лишь 8,4% опрошенных (данные компании «Медиаскоп»). Для того, чтобы вернуть лидирующее положение, государственным радиостанциям необходимо обеспечить стопроцентное присутствие в FM-диапазоне хотя бы крупных и средних городов, в первую очередь в Москве. Если этого не сделать в ближайшее время, показатели аудитории будут продолжать снижаться. Потеря аудитории федеральными государственными радиостанциями несет в себе опасность для развития социально-политических процессов в России, поскольку именно благодаря государственным СМИ, в том числе радиостанциям, реализуется конституционное право граждан на получение информации и доступ к культурным ценностям, выполняются законодательно установленные функции освещения деятельности органов государственной власти и агитация за кандидатов и политические партии во время предвыборных кампаний.
Ностальгия по прошлому или в будущее – с надеждой: Рец. на кн.: Бауман З. Ретротопия/ Зигмунт Бауман ; пер. с англ. В.Л. Силаевой; под науч. ред. О.А. Оберемко. М.: ВЦИОМ. 2019.
Authors: Багдасарьян Надежда Гегамовна
Published: May 2019

Текст не аннотирован.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ropivakain Infiltrasi Terhadap Tampilan Kolagen Di Sekitar Luka Insisi Pada Tikus Wistar
Authors: Pramono Wisnu Budi , Leksana Ery , Satoto Hari Hendriarto
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang: Nyeri pasca bedah adalah nyeri akut yang diawali oleh kerusakan jaringan akibat tindakan pembedahan. Dalam keadaan nyeri, kadar β endorfin meningkat dan mensupresi makrofag sehingga aktifitas makrofag yang dipengaruhi oleh IFN γ menurun sehingga mengganggu penyembuhan luka. Proses penyembuhan luka pada umumnya dibagi atas beberapa fase yang masing-masing saling berkaitan yaitu fase inflamasi, proliferasi, dan maturasi. Kolagen adalah komponen kunci pada fase dari penyembuhan luka. Infiltrasi anestetik lokal seperti ropivakain mengurangi intensitas nyeri dengan menghambat jalur transmisi impuls nyeri, sehingga menurunkan sekresi hormon glukokortikoid dan menghilangkan salah satu faktor penghambat penyembuhan luka. Tujuan : Membuktikan pengaruh pemberian infiltrasi anestetik lokal Ropivakain terhadap tampilan kolagen pada luka operasi tikus Wistar. Metode: Dilakukan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain Randomized Post Test Only Control Group. Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus wistar dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, kelompok K sebagai kontrol, Kelompok P1 diberi luka insisi dan infiltrasi Nacl 0,9% disekitar luka, Kelompok P2 diberi luka insisi dan infiltrasi Ropivakain disekitar luka. Ketiga kelompok diambil sampel dari jaringan luka pada hari ke 5 kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologi untuk menilai kepadatan kolagen. Distribusi data diuji dengan Shapiro Wilk. Dilanjutkan dengan Uji beda Kruskal Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hasil: Hasil uji Kruskal Walis kepadatan kolagen pada ketiga kelompok didapatkan nilai P = 0,07. Hasil Uji Mann Whitney P1 terhadap P2 nilai p= 0,011, P1 terhadap kontrol nilai p= 0,008, P2 terhadap kontrol nilai p = 0,242. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kepadatan kolagen jaringan luka yang diberi infiltrasi Ropivakain dibandingkan yang tidak diberi infiltrasi Ropivakain.
Perbandingan Dosis Induksi dan Pemeliharaan Propofol Pada Operasi Onkologi Mayor yang Mendapatkan Pemedikasi Gabapentin dan Tanpa Gabapentin
Authors: Okta Ida Bagus , Subagiartha I Made , Wiryana Made
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang : Anestesi umum merupakan teknik anestesi yang paling sering dikerjakan dibandingkan dengan teknik anestesi lain. Total Intravena Anestesi menggunakan propofol telah dikembangkan secara luas, karena menurunnya angka insiden PONV, biaya anestesi yang lebih murah, dan waktu pulih yang cepat. Berbagai teknik, alat dan obat-obatan diteliti untuk mengurangi dosis propofol yang diperlukan durasi operasi karena efek samping propofol yang berbahaya, yang dikenal PRIS (Propofol Related Infusion Syndrome), yang dapat menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi.   Tujuan : Untuk membandingkan dosis induksi dan pemeliharaan propofol yang diperlukan intraoperatif antara kelompok gabapentin dan kelompok kontrol. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian dapat digunakan secara umum dalam penggunaan gabapentin sebagai obat akut pada periode perioperatif.Metode : Penelitian ini adalah double blind clinical trial. Teknik penelitian ini dapat mengkontrol ekspektasi dan  manipulasi subjek penelitian terhadap prosedur penelitian sehingga dapat menghasilkan hasil yang valid dan terpercaya. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok gabapentin dan kelompok kontrol. 32 sampel tiap kelompok telah menjalani operasi onkologi mayor dengan teknik anestesi yang sama total intravena propofol dengan TCI. Hasil : Dosis induksi kelompok gabapentin memiliki 1,15 mg/kgbb dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol yang memiliki median 1,48 mg/kgbb (p < 0,001). Dosis pemeliharaan kelompok gabapentin memiliki median 93,27 mcg/kgbb/menit dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yang memiliki median 123,80 mcg/kgbb/menit (p < 0,001).Simpulan : Premedikasi oral gabapentin 600 mg efektif menurunkan dosis induksi dan pemeliharaan propofol yang digunakan pada teknik TIVA untuk menjaga operasi mayor onkologi. Selanjutnya premedikasi gabapentin dapat digeneralisir penggunaannya pada operasi lain untuk menurunkan kebutuhan propofol intraoperatif.
Implementation of a novel self-induced promoter for the expression of pharmaceutical peptides in Escherichia coli: YY(3-36) peptide
Authors: Momen Amir Hossein , Harzandi Naser , Haddadi Azam , Bambai Bijan
Published: May 2019

Background

Increasing the expression rate of recombinant mammalian hormones in Escherichia coli by combining efficient promoters and signal sequences is a never ending process. A self-induced promoter will have some beneficial gains compared to the classical T7 promoter or its variants with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) as the inducer. Obesity is the prime suspect in widespread frequency of diabetes type II and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. YY (tyrosine-tyrosine) peptide is a local acting hormone, controlling appetite. Excitingly, it was has been shown that a truncated version of the YY peptide, YY(3-36) peptide, has potential as a worthy biopharmaceutical agent in the fight against obesity.

Materials and methods

To develop an economical expression system for the large scale production of the peptide in Gram-negative bacteria, we introduced a promoter sequence upstream of a chimeric gene for the extracellular expression of this peptide with the assistance of a signal sequence of asparaginase II from E. coli. This system has the advantage of producing a complete sequence of a truncated YY peptide, YY(3-36), without any extra tags that would require further removal with the assistance of expensive specific proteases and reduced the downstream steps, significantly.

Results

Recombinant production of YY(3-36) peptide under a self-induced promoter proves the efficacy of the asparaginase II signal sequence as a communicator of foreign peptides and proteins into the extracellular space of E. coli.

Conclusions

The application of fusion protein expression of biopharmaceuticals, especially mammalian hormones, in prokaryotic systems with the help of native signal sequences makes some common tags with expensive proteases for the removal of the attached protein Tag redundant.
Educational interventions to improve menstrual health: approaches and challenges
Authors: Rastogi Shreya , Khanna Aparna , Mathur Pulkit
Published: May 2019

Background

Inappropriate menstrual care practices result in adverse health consequences among girls. Developing and implementing interventions that minimize these adverse consequences and facilitate development of healthy menstrual behavior are a priority for any nation.

Objectives

This study aimed at collating, summarizing and reviewing evidence to assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve menstrual health and the challenges faced in doing the same.

Methods

A systematic review of studies published in peer-reviewed journals and project reports was conducted. Intervention studies related to menstrual health management conducted from 2007 to 2018 were analyzed. A total of 27 interventions conducted among young girls in different countries were identified and study characteristics and outcomes were reviewed.

Results

Different intervention studies used a variety of methods like lectures, discussions, demonstrations using multiple audio-visual aids and provision of resources like menstrual cups, sanitary pads and washing soap to spread awareness about menstrual hygiene. Most of the interventions reported a positive impact on the awareness and menstrual practices of girls. However, in a few studies no significant change was observed in the attitude regarding regular bathing, practices related to self-medication for dysmenorrhea and socio-cultural taboos.

Conclusion

This review of literature has offered insights into the scope and development of future interventions so that apart from increasing awareness and knowledge on menstrual health issues, sustained behavior change can be brought about among girls to improve their health.
Tort Policy in a Plural Context: Pathways Towards Objective Liability in UAE Tort Law
Authors: Jadalhaq Iyad Mohammad
Published: May 2019

This article approaches tort policy contextually, as an argument around actually available alternatives within a historically-specific legal tradition, like that of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which combines French civil law influence with roots in Islamic law. The article examines alternative tunings of the requirements of tort liability, in view of cases where a technically sophisticated investigation is required to ascertain what precautions the tortfeasor might have taken to prevent injury. For this purpose, it takes as its point of departure a careful assessment of the availability of the “extraneous cause” exception in UAE law, which allows defendants to avoid liability by demonstrating the occurrence of a causal factor outside their sphere of control. To understand when this exception ought to be available, the paper engages in critical dialogue with French doctrines on tort liability, distinguishing a fault-based “subjective approach” from an “objective approach” (strict liability). These doctrines also speak to Arab jurisdictions that have adopted a civil code (like the UAE), modelled after the French one. The article therefore proceeds to situate the tort regime in the UAE Civil Code with respect to those French doctrines. With respect to these, the UAE Civil Code takes an intermediate position drawn from Islamic law. However, additional provisions, e.g. on liability for nuclear installations or for machinery of which a person is in charge, demonstrate a timid reception of the objective approach. The article proposes a reform of UAE tort liability on the basis of the objective approach, which is robust even in complex cases, where an investigation around causation would risk being inconclusive. Finally, the paper considers the additional possibility of arguing for a voluntary assumption of liability on the part of the tortfeasor, as yet another way of orienting tort liability in the UAE towards an objective approach.
Effects of APS Activates Hepatic Insulin Signaling in HFD-induced IR Mice
Authors: Sun Jie , Liu Yan , Yu Jinhui , Wu Jin , Gao Wenting , Ran Liyuan , Jiang Rujiao , Guo Meihua , Han Dongyu , Liu Bo , Wang Ning , Li Youwei , Huang He , Zeng Li , Gao Ying , Li Xin , Wu Yingjie
Published: May 2019

Astragalus Polysaccharide (APS) is the main component of Astragalus membranaceus, an anti-diabetic herb being used for thousands of years in Chinese Traditional Medicine (TCM). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of APS on hepatic insulin signaling, autophagy and ER stress response in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance (IR) mice. APS was intra gastrically administrated and metformin was used as a control medicine. Apart from monitoring the changes in the important parameters of IR progression, the gene and protein expression of the key factors marking the state of hepatic ER stress and autophagic flux was examined. We found that, largely comparable to the metformin regime, APS treatment resulted in an overall improvement of IR, as indicated by better control of body weight and blood glucose/lipid levels, recovery of liver functions, and regained insulin sensitivity. In particular, the excessive and pro-apoptotic ER stress response and inhibition of autophagy, as a result of prolonged HFD exposure, were significantly corrected by APS administration, indicating a switch of the cellular fate in favor of cell survival. Using the HepG2/IR cell model, we demonstrated that APS modulated the insulin-initiated phosphorylation cascades in a similar manner as metformin. This study provides a rationale for exploiting the insulin-sensitizing potential of APS, which has a therapeutic performance almost equivalent to metformin, to enrich our options in the treatment of IR.
Exenatide mitigates inflammation and hypoxia along with improved angiogenesis in obese fat tissue
Authors: Xian Yingxin , Chen Zonglan , Deng Hongrong , Cai Mengyin , Liang Hua , Xu Wen , Weng Jianping , Xu Fen
Published: May 2019

Obesity-associated chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is partly attributed to hypoxia with insufficient microcirculation. Previous studies have shown that exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, plays an anti-inflammatory role. Here, we investigate its effects on inflammation, hypoxia and microcirculation in white adipose tissue of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. DIO mice were injected intraperitoneally with exenatide or normal saline for 4 weeks, while mice on chow diet were used as normal controls. The mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia-induced genes and angiogenic factors were detected. Capillary density was measured by laser confocal microscopy and immunochemistry staining. After 4-week exenatide administration, the dramatically elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and adipose tissue and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue of DIO mice were significantly reduced. Exenatide also ameliorated expressions of hypoxia-related genes in obese fat tissue. Protein levels of endothelial markers and pro-angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor 2 were augmented in accordance with increased capillary density by exenatide in DIO mice. Our results indicate that inflammation and hypoxia in adipose tissue can be mitigated by GLP-1 receptor agonist potentially via improved angiogenesis and microcirculation in obesity.
Immune molecules in the female reproductive path and sperm: relevance to mate choice
Authors: Mytilinaiou Irene , Sarganaki Kiki , Sachouli Eirini , Tsagdi Sofia , Vardaki Katerina , Vassiliadis Anna , Athanassakis Irene
Published: May 2019

Mate choice has been postulated to be MHC-dependent, ensuring the maintenance of polymorphism for species survival. At the molecular level, MHC polymorphism is represented by class-I (MHCI), class-II (MHCII) antigens and their T cell receptors (TCRs). In order to evaluate the presence such immune molecules during male/female interaction, vaginal fluid, vaginal cells, urine, sperm, seminal fluid, cumulus cells, tubal fluid and epithelium were isolated from BALB/c mice and examined for the presence of membrane or soluble MHCI, MHCII, TCRαβ and TCRγδ, using immunofluorescence and ELISA techniques, respectively. These molecules were expressed on sperm and seminal fluid in a sperm quality-dependent manner and in vagina, fallopian tube, cumulus cells and urine in an estrus cycle-dependent manner. Vaginal cells showed increased expression of all molecules tested during estrus, while vaginal fluid showed an increase of TCRγδ and decrease of MHCI and MHCII levels, during estrus. Urine showed only increased concentrations of TCRαβ during estrus. Cumulus cells expressed MHCI, MHCII, TRCγδ but not TCRαβ, while sperm mainly expressed TCRαβ and TRCγδ. All molecules were detected in tubal fluids mostly during estrus, while they were almost undetectable during pregnancy. The vaginal environment was shown to affect sperm motility according to the estrus-cycle, whereas sperm motility was affected by antibodies against these molecules. In conclusion, the presence of complementary immune molecules in the male/female interactive environment, except for revealing novel markers for unexplained infertility, provides for the first time evidence for immune-mediated recognition of the two counterparts, enlightening thus a molecular basis for mate choice.
Social and psychological causes of gender inequality in present-day female career development
Authors: Чуйко Оксана
Published: May 2019

The article actualize the issue of gender equality as a precondition for successful female career pursuit. We study issues of gender equality in the light of gender inequality manifestation and its influence on female career opportunities. We have analyzed primary indicators of gender inequality with regard to employment, such as gender segregation, glass ceiling effect, gap in wages, dual employment of women (family and work), gender stereotypes, gender-based harass­ment and violence.

We have outlined primary ways to reduce gender inequality with regard to employment, namely:

challenging gender stereotypes (public awareness campaign aimed at iden­tifying and studying gender stereotypes of a certain community; analyzing one’s own gender stereotypes, examining their sources, etc.);

developing wider concepts and beliefs with regard to gender-sensitive issues in the workplace;

understanding signs and limits of gender-based harassment and violence, their prevention and avoidance;

developing effective coping strategies for pressure;

balancing work, family and private life by women;

developing psychological characteristics and personality features essential for one’s occupation, which can contribute to professional development of a person, acknowledgment of their expertise irrespective of gender identity;

developing harmonious personality (personal growth trainings), self-education and lifelong learning;

practical trainings for successful career, coaching;

public legal education (awareness of laws on gender-sensitive issues in the labor market);

implementing and abiding by gender equality policies in various sectors, fostering organizational culture based on gender equality.
Конструювання картини світу особистості за умов інформаційного суспільства
Authors: Шевченко Вікторія , Байєр Оксана
Published: May 2019

За умов інформаційного суспільства  трансформується світ, а разом з ним і людина. Змінюється характер становлення особистості та соціальної взаємодії. Сучасна людина нерозривно пов’язана з технологіями, які розширюють  її світогляд та впливають на світо­сприйняття. В ході цього відбуваються зміни  когнітивних процесів. У статті ана­лізується трансформація свідомості особистості та її когнітивних процесів в умовах інформаційного суспільства, розглядається поняття «кліпової культури» покоління Z. Кліпова свідомість формується на основі засвоєння невеликих фрагментів інформації, які позбавлені основної ідеї та доповнені витягами вражень, постійно перезавантажуються та оновлюються. Основними характеристиками такого сприйняття є динамізм, лабіль­ність та ак­туальність.
Психолого-педагогічна практика реалізації християнсько-орієнтованого підходу до розвитку духовності особистості дорослого
Authors: Климишин Ольга
Published: May 2019

В статті подано результати теоретико-методологічного та емпіричного вивчення особливостей духовного развитку особистості, що реалізується на основі християнського віровчення. Описано процедуру верифікації технологічної моделі християнсько-психоло­гіч­ного супроводу духовного розвитку дорослої особистості, яка включає три напрями – пси­хологічне консультування, психокорекцію та екзистенційно-гуманістичну психотерапію. Розкрито зміст програм консультативно-корекційних та реабілітаційно-терапевтичних заходів.
Formulation of a Dynamic Portfolio With Stocks and Fixed-income Instruments in the Indonesian Capital Market
Authors: Robiyanto Robiyanto , Ernayani Rihfenti , Ismail Rendi Susiswo
Published: May 2019

This research creates a crossed asset portfolio formulation dynamically with stocks and fixed-income instruments. This dynamic portfolio formulation did not require normally distributed data and accommodated the correlation among class assets which kept changing across time. This was based on the existing assumptions in the modern portfolio theory which were rarely found in the real world, for example, when stock return was normally distributed, the correlation among securities would be constant at all times. The data used in this research were LQ45 Index as a stock market proxy, S&P Indonesia Corporate Bond Index (representing the corporate bond market) and S&P Indonesia Government Bond Index data (representing the government bond market) during the period of June 4th, 2007 to April 11th, 2016. This research found that the dynamic portfolio of stock with either government or corporate bonds was able to reduce the level of risk significantly despite producing a lower rate of return, compared to the ones specifically invested in the stock market. Investors who believe in the principles of prudent investment may use this dynamic approach in shaping the portfolio with stocks and fixed-income instruments.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Perak-Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) dengan Bantuan Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Percea americana)
Authors: Rahmayani Yessi , Zulhadjri Zulhadjri , Arief Syukri
Published: May 2019

Sintesis nanopartikel perak-TCP telah dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Nanopartikel perak dibuat dengan mereduksi larutan perak nitrat dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun alpukat sebagai bioreduktor. Tricalsium Phosphate (TCP) dicelupkan kedalam nanopartikel perak membentuk komposit perak-tricalcium phosphate. Hasil analisis UV-Vis menunjukkan pembentukan puncak serapan nanopartikel perak pada panjang 445-446 nm, yakni puncak yang khas dari nanopartikel perak yang disebabkan oleh adanya fenomena Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). Penelitian ini menghasilkan perak-TCP dengan ukuran nanopartikel. Sesuai  hasil X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) yang menunjukkan bahwa ukuran kristal TCP adalah 64 nm dan ukuran Kristal perak dalam komposit adalah 46 nm. Hasil Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) menunjukan partikel perak terdistribusi dipermukaan partikel TCP. Kata Kunci: Komposit perak-TCP, nanopartikel perak, Percea americana,  tricalcium phosphate.  The silver-TCP nanoparticle synthesis was carried out in this study. Silver nanoparticles are made by reducing silver nitrate solution using avocado leaf extract as a bioreactor. Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) is dipped into silver nanoparticles to form a silver-tricalcium phosphate composite. The UV-Vis analysis shows the formation of silver nanoparticle absorption peaks at a length of 445-446 nm, which is a typical peak of silver nanoparticles caused by the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) phenomenon. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) shows that the TCP crystal size is 64 nm and the size of the Silver Crystal in the composite is 46 nm. The results of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) show silver particles distributed on the surface of TCP particles Keywords: Percea americana, silver-TCP composite, silver nanoparticle, tricalcium phosphate.
Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
Authors: Coté Charles J. , Wilson Stephen ,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
Published: May 2019

The safe sedation of children for procedures requires a systematic approach that includes the following: no administration of sedating medication without the safety net of medical/dental supervision, careful presedation evaluation for underlying medical or surgical conditions that would place the child at increased risk from sedating medications, appropriate fasting for elective procedures and a balance between the depth of sedation and risk for those who are unable to fast because of the urgent nature of the procedure, a focused airway examination for large (kissing) tonsils or anatomic airway abnormalities that might increase the potential for airway obstruction, a clear understanding of the medication’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects and drug interactions, appropriate training and skills in airway management to allow rescue of the patient, age- and size-appropriate equipment for airway management and venous access, appropriate medications and reversal agents, sufficient numbers of appropriately trained staff to both carry out the procedure and monitor the patient, appropriate physiologic monitoring during and after the procedure, a properly equipped and staffed recovery area, recovery to the presedation level of consciousness before discharge from medical/dental supervision, and appropriate discharge instructions. This report was developed through a collaborative effort of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry to offer pediatric providers updated information and guidance in delivering safe sedation to children.
Accurate detection of Helicobacter pylori antigen in human stool specimens by two novel immunoassays
Authors: Ignatius Ralf , Berg Christiane , Weiland Chris , Darmer Angela , Wenzel Thilo , Lorenz Marion , Fuhrmann Jörg , Müller Michael
Published: May 2019

Stool antigen tests are recommended for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Here, we compared two novel assays, i.e., one enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and one immunochromatography assay (ICA), with a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) that had previously been compared with rapid urease test, histology, and urea breath test. Two hundred sixty-six frozen stool samples with defined CLIA results (42 positives, 219 negatives, and 5 samples with borderline results) collected between January and May 2018 were thawed and immediately tested by EIA, ICA, and CLIA.

In 248 samples with repeatedly positive/negative CLIA results, EIA and ICA were positive for 40 and 37 of 41 CLIA-positive samples and yielded negative results for 206 and 201 of 207 CLIA-negative samples, respectively. There was a high positive percent agreement (EIA, 97.6%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 86.3–100%; ICA, 90.2%; 95% CI, 76.9–96.7%), as well as a negative percent agreement between the assays (EIA, 99.5%; 95% CI, 97.0–100%; ICA, 97.1%; 95% CI, 93.7–98.8%). This was further supported by kappa values indicating very good agreement (CLIA vs. EIA, 0.971; CLIA vs. ICA, 0.857). In conclusion, both EIA and ICA comprise valuable assays for the detection of H. pylori antigen in stool samples.