bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urbanization and physical activity in the global Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study
Authors: Boakye Kwadwo , Bovbjerg Marit , Schuna John , Branscum Adam , Varma Ravi Prasad , Ismail Rosnah , Barbarash Olga , Dominguez Juan , Altuntas Yuksel , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Yusuf Rita , Kelishadi Roya , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Iqbal Romaina , Serón Pamela , Rosengren Annika , Poirier Paul , Lakshmi P. V. M. , Khatib Rasha , Zatonska Katarzyna , Hu Bo , Yin Lu , Wang Chuangshi , Yeates Karen , Chifamba Jephat , Alhabib Khalid F , Avezum Álvaro , Dans Antonio , Lear Scott A , Yusuf Salim , Hystad Perry
Published: January 2023

Urbanization may influence physical activity (PA) levels, although little evidence is available for low- and middle- income countries where urbanization is occurring fastest. We evaluated associations between urbanization and total PA, as well as work-, leisure-, home-, and transport-specific PA, for 138,206 adults living in 698 communities across 22 countries within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The 1-week long-form International PA Questionnaire was administered at baseline (2003–2015). We used satellite-derived population density and impervious surface area estimates to quantify baseline urbanization levels for study communities, as well as change measures for 5- and 10-years prior to PA surveys. We used generalized linear mixed effects models to examine associations between urbanization measures and PA levels, controlling for individual, household and community factors. Higher community baseline levels of population density (− 12.4% per IQR, 95% CI − 16.0, − 8.7) and impervious surface area (− 29.2% per IQR, 95% CI − 37.5, − 19.7), as well as the rate of change in 5-year population density (− 17.2% per IQR, 95% CI − 25.7, − 7.7), were associated with lower total PA levels. Important differences in the associations between urbanization and PA were observed between PA domains, country-income levels, urban/rural status, and sex. These findings provide new information on the complex associations between urbanization and PA.
Diffraction-limited hyperspectral mid-infrared single-pixel microscopy
Authors: Ebner Alexander , Gattinger Paul , Zorin Ivan , Krainer Lukas , Rankl Christian , Brandstetter Markus
Published: January 2023

In this contribution, we demonstrate a wide-field hyperspectral mid-infrared (MIR) microscope based on multidimensional single-pixel imaging (SPI). The microscope employs a high brightness MIR supercontinuum source for broadband (1.55 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

–4.5 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

) sample illumination. Hyperspectral imaging capability is achieved by a single micro-opto-electro-mechanical digital micromirror device (DMD), which provides both spatial and spectral differentiation. For that purpose the operational spectral bandwidth of the DMD was significantly extended into the MIR spectral region. In the presented design, the DMD fulfills two essential tasks. On the one hand, as standard for the SPI approach, the DMD sequentially masks captured scenes enabling diffraction-limited imaging in the tens of millisecond time-regime. On the other hand, the diffraction at the micromirrors leads to dispersion of the projected field and thus allows for wavelength selection without the application of additional dispersive optical elements, such as gratings or prisms. In the experimental part, first of all, the imaging and spectral capabilities of the hyperspectral microscope are characterized. The spatial and spectral resolution is assessed by means of test targets and linear variable filters, respectively. At a wavelength of 4.15 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

a spatial resolution of 4.92 $$\upmu \hbox {m}$$

μ
m

is achieved with a native spectral resolution better than 118.1 nm. Further, a post-processing method for drastic enhancement of the spectral resolution is proposed and discussed. The performance of the MIR hyperspectral microsopce is demonstrated for label-free chemical imaging and examination of polymer compounds and red blood cells. The acquisition and reconstruction of Hadamard sampled 64 $$\times$$
×
 64 images is achieved in 450 ms and 162 ms, respectively. Thus, combined with an unprecedented intrinsic flexibiliy gained by a tunable field of view and adjustable spatial resolution, the demonstrated design drastically improves the sample throughput in MIR chemical and biomedical imaging.
Ubiquilin-2 regulates pathological alpha-synuclein
Authors: Sandoval-Pistorius Stephanie S. , Gerson Julia E. , Liggans Nyjerus , Ryou Jaimie H. , Oak Kulin , Li Xingli , Negron-Rios Keyshla Y. , Fischer Svetlana , Barsh Henry , Crowley Emily V. , Skinner Mary E. , Sharkey Lisa M. , Barmada Sami J. , Paulson Henry L.
Published: January 2023

The key protein implicated in Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies is α-synuclein, and a post-translationally modified form of the protein, phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129), is a principal component in Lewy bodies, a pathological hallmark of PD. While altered proteostasis has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, we still have a limited understanding of how α-synuclein is regulated in the nervous system. The protein quality control protein Ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) is known to accumulate in synucleinopathies, but whether it directly regulates α-synuclein is unknown. Using cellular and mouse models, we find that UBQLN2 decreases levels of α-synuclein, including the pS129 phosphorylated isoform. Pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome revealed that, while α-synuclein may be cleared by parallel and redundant quality control pathways, UBQLN2 preferentially targets pS129 for proteasomal degradation. Moreover, in brain tissue from human PD and transgenic mice expressing pathogenic α-synuclein (A53T), native UBQLN2 becomes more insoluble. Collectively, our studies support a role for UBQLN2 in directly regulating pathological forms of α-synuclein and indicate that UBQLN2 dysregulation in disease may contribute to α-synuclein-mediated toxicity.
Efficacy and effectiveness of case isolation and quarantine during a growing phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland
Authors: Auranen Kari , Shubin Mikhail , Erra Elina , Isosomppi Sanna , Kontto Jukka , Leino Tuija , Lukkarinen Timo
Published: January 2023

Based on data collected as part of the contact tracing activity of the City of Helsinki Epidemiological Operations Unit, we evaluated the efficacy and effectiveness of isolating SARS-CoV-2 cases and quarantining their exposed contacts during a mildly growing phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland in autumn 2020. Based on the observed symptom-to-symptom intervals in 1016 pairs of primary and secondary cases, we estimated that without case isolation or quarantine 40$$\%$$
%
(90$$\%$$
%
credible interval, CI 25–59) of transmission would have occurred on the day of or after symptom onset. One third of SARS-CoV-2 cases (N = 1521) had initially been quarantined, with a self-reported time until isolation (quarantine) of 0.8 days before symptom onset. This delay translates into an efficacy of 50$$\%$$
%
(90$$\%$$
%
CI 40–63) of averting secondary infections per quarantined case. Due to later isolation (mean 2.6 days after symptoms), the efficacy was smaller (24$$\%$$
%
; 90$$\%$$
%
CI 12–41) in those two third of the cases (N = 3101) whose isolation was prompted by their symptoms, i.e. without being previously quarantined. At the population level, we evaluated the effectiveness of case isolation and quarantine on the growth rate of the COVID-19 epidemic in the autumn of 2020. Under a wide range of underlying assumptions, the rate would have been at least 2 times higher without case isolation and quarantine. The numbers needed to isolate or quarantine to prevent one secondary case were 2 and 20, respectively.
Worldwide transmission and infection risk of mosquito vectors of West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, Usutu and Japanese encephalitis viruses: a systematic review
Authors: Tolsá-García María José , Wehmeyer Magdalena Laura , Lühken Renke , Roiz David
Published: January 2023

The increasing trend of mosquito-borne pathogens demands more accurate global estimations of infection and transmission risks between mosquitoes. Here, we systematically review field and laboratory studies to assess the natural field infection and experimental laboratory transmission risk in Culex mosquitoes. We studied four worldwide flaviviruses: West Nile, Usutu, Japanese encephalitis, and St. Louis encephalitis, belonging to the Japanese encephalitis Serocomplex (JES). The PRISMA statement was carried out for both approaches. The Transmission-Infection Risk of the diverse mosquito species for the different viruses was estimated through seven variables. We considered 130 and 95 articles for field and experimental approach, respectively. We identified 30 species naturally infected, and 23 species capable to transmit some of the four flaviviruses. For the JES, the highest Transmission-Infection Risk estimate was recorded in Culex quinquefasciatus (North America). The maximum Infection-Transmission Risk values for West Nile was Culex restuans, for Usutu it was Culex pipiens (Europe), for St. Louis encephalitis Culex quinquefasciatus (North America), and for Japanese encephalitis Culex gelidus (Oceania). We conclude that on a worldwide scale, a combination of field and experimental data offers a better way of understanding natural infection and transmission risks between mosquito populations.
Meta-analysis of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, excluding robotic assisted versus open radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer
Authors: Marchand Greg , Masoud Ahmed Taher , Abdelsattar Ahmed , King Alexa , Ulibarri Hollie , Parise Julia , Arroyo Amanda , Coriell Catherine , Goetz Sydnee , Moir Carmen , Moberly Atley , Govindan Malini
Published: January 2023

Recent evidence has shown an increase in recurrence and a decrease in overall survival in patients treated with laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and robotic assisted radical hysterectomy (RRH) open techniques (ORH). In addition, several high quality trials were recently published regarding the laparoscopic treatment of early stage cervical cancer. We sought out to reassess the recurrence rates, overall survival, complications and outcomes associated with laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) techniques against open techniques (ORH) when robotic assisted techniques were excluded. We searched PubMed, Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, SCOPUS, ClinicalTrials.Gov and Web of Science for relevant clinical trials and observational studies. We included all studies that compared with early stage cervical cancer receiving LRH compared with ORH. We included randomized clinical trials, prospective cohort, and retrospective cohort trials. We included studies that included LRH and RRH as long as data was available to separate the two arms. We excluded studies that combined LRH and RRH without supplying data to differentiate. Of 1244 total studies, we used a manual three step screening process. Sixty studies ultimately met our criteria. We performed this review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We analyzed continuous data using mean difference (MD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI), while dichotomous data were analyzed using odds ratio (OR) and a 95% CI. Review Manager and Endnote software were utilized in the synthesis. We found that when excluding RRH, the was no significant difference regarding 5-year overall Survival (OR = 1.24 [0.94, 1.64], (P = 0.12), disease free survival (OR = 1.00 [0.80, 1.26], (P = 0.98), recurrence (OR = 1.01 [0.81, 1.25], (P = 0.95), or intraoperative complications (OR = 1.38 [0.94, 2.04], (P = 0.10). LRH was statistically better than ORH in terms of estimated blood loss (MD = − 325.55 [− 386.16, − 264.94] (P < 0.001), blood transfusion rate (OR = 0.28 [0.14, 0.55], (P = 0.002), postoperative complication rate (OR = 0.70 [0.55, 0.90], (P = 0.005), and length of hospital stay (MD = − 3.64[− 4.27, − 3.01], (P < 0.001). ORH was superior in terms of operating time (MD = 20.48 [8.62, 32.35], (P = 0.007) and number of resected lymph nodes (MD = − 2.80 [− 4.35, − 1.24], (P = 0.004). The previously seen increase recurrence and decrease in survival is not seen in LRH when robotic assisted techniques are included and all new high quality is considered. LRH is also associated with a significantly shorter hospital stay, less blood loss and lower complication rate.

Prospero Prospective Registration Number: CRD42022267138.
Functional analysis in a model sea anemone reveals phylogenetic complexity and a role in cnidocyte discharge of DEG/ENaC ion channels
Authors: Aguilar-Camacho Jose Maria , Foreman Katharina , Jaimes-Becerra Adrian , Aharoni Reuven , Gründer Stefan , Moran Yehu
Published: January 2023

Ion channels of the DEG/ENaC family share a similar structure but serve strikingly diverse biological functions, such as Na+ reabsorption, mechanosensing, proton-sensing, chemosensing and cell-cell communication via neuropeptides. This functional diversity raises the question of the ancient function of DEG/ENaCs. Using an extensive phylogenetic analysis across many different animal groups, we found a surprising diversity of DEG/ENaCs already in Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones, hydroids and jellyfish). Using a combination of gene expression analysis, electrophysiological and functional studies combined with pharmacological inhibition as well as genetic knockout in the model cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, we reveal an unanticipated role for a proton-sensitive DEG/ENaC in discharge of N. vectensis cnidocytes, the stinging cells typifying all cnidarians. Our study supports the view that DEG/ENaCs are versatile channels that have been co-opted for diverse functions since their early occurrence in animals and that respond to simple and ancient stimuli, such as omnipresent protons.
Efficient analysis of pharmaceutical drug substances and products using a solid-state NMR CryoProbe
Authors: Du Yong , Struppe Jochem , Perrone Barbara , Hassan Alia , Codina Anna , Su Yongchao
Published: January 2023

Enabling efficient pharmaceutical analysis of drug substances and products using a sensitivity enhanced magic angle spinning CryoProbe.
An electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on highly luminescent silver-based MOF and biotin–streptavidin system for mercury ion detection
Authors: Liu Si-Qi , Chen Jing-Shuai , Liu Xing-Pei , Mao Chang-Jie , Jin Bao-Kang
Published: January 2023

Silver-based organic frameworks with high ECL activity were synthesized and applied for the first time to construct an ECL sensor. The detection limit was as low as 66 fM for mercury ion concentration in water.
A flexible and sensitive electrochemical sensing platform based on dimethyl sulfoxide modified carbon cloth: towards the detection of dopamine and carvedilol
Authors: Shabana Neermunda , Arjun Ajith Mohan , Ankitha Menon , Mohandas Sabarija A. , Gangadharan Praveena , Rasheed Pathath Abdul
Published: January 2023

An ultrasensitive, selective and flexible electrochemical sensor based on facile modification of carbon cloth with dimethyl sulfoxide has been developed for the detection of carvedilol and dopamine.
Theoretical study on an oxygen-modified phosphorene autogenous Z-scheme heterojunction for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Zhou Long , Chen Guobo , Xia Shuwei , Qiu Meng
Published: January 2023

We propose a novel strategy for the construction of a Z-scheme photocatalyst based on in situ chemical modification and autogenous black phosphorus nanosheets.
An entropy-driven DNA nanomachine for microRNA detection using a personal glucose meter
Authors: Wang Qing , He Yuqiu , He Shizhen , Yu Shanshan , Jiang Yuqian , Wang Fuan
Published: January 2023

A reliable and portable TDR-PGM nanomachine was facilely constructed for highly sensitive detection of miRNA by integrating the entropy-driven TDR amplifier and the catalytic invertase biocatalyst.
Behaviors of self-delivery lidocaine nano systems affected by intermolecular interaction
Authors: Tang Lei , Qin Feng , Gong Deying , Pan LiLi , Zhou Changcui , Ling Rui , Shen Wenxue , Fan Qin , Yi Wenhao , Wu Fengbo , Wu Xiaoai , Zhang Weiyi , Yang Jun
Published: January 2023

Nano systems self-assembled only by lidocaine salts exhibit unexpected unique behaviors in different local tissues based on their intermolecular interaction, and can achieve up to 7.8 h sensory block without excipient residue.
Beryllium-centred C–H activation of benzene
Authors: Pearce Kyle G. , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F.
Published: January 2023

Lithium or sodium reduction of [SiNDippBe] in benzene, provides the organoberyllate products, [{SiNDippBePh}M] (M = Li or Na).
A series of cation-modified robust zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture
Authors: Zhang Guoyu , Xie Feng , Osborn Popp Thomas M. , Patel Akash , Cedeño Morales Eder Moisés , Tan Kui , Crichton Ryan , Hall Gene , Zhang Jianyuan , Nieuwkoop Andrew J. , Li Jing
Published: January 2023

Cation-modified and robust zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks demonstrate enhanced performance for carbon dioxide capture.
Two-dimensional MX2Y4 systems: ultrahigh carrier transport and excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performances
Authors: Ren Kai , Shu Huabing , Wang Ke , Qin Huasong
Published: January 2023

The MX2Y4 (M = Cr, Hf, Mo, Ti, W, Zr; X = Si, Ge; Y = N, P, As) monolayers possess potential advanced applications such as photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photovoltaic devices.
Large-scale benchmarks of the time-warp/graph-theoretical kinetic Monte Carlo approach for distributed on-lattice simulations of catalytic kinetics
Authors: Savva Giannis D. , Benson Raz L. , Christidi Ilektra A. , Stamatakis Michail
Published: January 2023

Benchmarking the performance of an exact, massively parallel kinetic Monte Carlo implementation, towards efficient large-scale simulations of complex catalytic materials.
Chirped pulse Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy of alcohol and water tetramers
Authors: Dutton S. E. , Mastin E. M. , Blake G. A.
Published: January 2023

Characterization of the geometry and elucidation of hydrogen-bonding behavior of ethanol:water tetramers via chirped pulse Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy (CPFTMW).
A robust thorium–organic framework as a bifunctional platform for iodine adsorption and Cr(vi) sensitization
Authors: Fu Yiran , Wang Xue , Ju Yu , Zheng Zhaofa , Jian Jie , Li Zi-Jian , Jin Chan , Wang Jian-Qiang , Lin Jian
Published: January 2023

A bifunctional platform for radioiodine adsorption and Cr(vi) sensitization has been developed based on a robust thorium–organic framework, which sheds light on unlocking the potential applications of thorium-bearing materials.
Two metal-free perovskite molecules with different 3D frameworks show reversible phase transition, dielectric anomaly and SHG effect
Authors: Zhang Haina , You Xiuli , Zhang Mengxia , Guo Wenjing , Wei Zhenhong , Cai Hu
Published: January 2023

Two rare three-dimensional metal-free perovskite materials [1,4-3.2.2-dabcn]NH4Br3 (1) and [1,4-3.2.2-dabcn]NH4I3·0.5H2O (2) exhibiting switchable phase transition, dielectric anomaly and the SHG effect.
A 19% efficient and stable organic photovoltaic device enabled by a guest nonfullerene acceptor with fibril-like morphology
Authors: Chen Hu , Jeong Sang Young , Tian Junfu , Zhang Yadong , Naphade Dipti R. , Alsufyani Maryam , Zhang Weimin , Griggs Sophie , Hu Hanlin , Barlow Stephen , Woo Han Young , Marder Seth R , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , McCulloch Iain , Lin Yuanbao
Published: January 2023

A nonfullerene acceptor, isoIDITC, capable of exhibiting fibril-like morphology, is utilized as a third component in organic photovoltaic devices. A power conversion efficiency of 19% is achieved in ternary PM6:BTP-eC9:isoIDITC bulk-heterojunction devices.
Brønsted acid-catalysed aerobic photo-oxygenation of benzylic C–H bonds
Authors: Wu Jieqing , Chen Jiwei , Wang Lei , Zhu Hongjun , Liu Rui , Song Guangliang , Feng Chao , Li Yufeng
Published: January 2023

Herein, we reported a Brønsted acid-promoted aerobic photo-oxygenation of benzylic C–H bonds to construct aromatic carboxylic acids and ketones under mild conditions.
Sustainable photoinduced decarboxylative chlorination mediated by halogen atom transfer
Authors: Levitre Guillaume , Granados Albert , Molander Gary A.
Published: January 2023

An operationally simple method providing access to valuable chlorinated organic backbones is reported. The transformation transpires via a sustainable photoinduced halodecarboxylative halogen-atom transfer protocol.
Peptide-based positron emission tomography probes: current strategies for synthesis and radiolabelling
Authors: Failla Mariacristina , Floresta Giuseppe , Abbate Vincenzo
Published: January 2023

In medical imaging, techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, contrast-enhanced computerized tomography, and positron emission tomography (PET) are extensively available and routinely used for disease diagnosis and treatment.
Enzyme-free direct detection of histamine in peanuts using novel γ-MnOOH-W3O10 nanostructure-modified electrode
Authors: Kushwaha Amisha , Singh Gajendar , Gaur Umesh Kumar , Sharma Manu
Published: January 2023

Direct electrochemical detection of histamine (HS) in peanuts was carried out using MW@GCE. MW (MnO4W) was prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of γ-MnOOH and W3O10 nanostructures.
Permanganate oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls to vicinal tricarbonyls
Authors: Qi Yue , Yin Zhixiao , Wen Xiangxiang , Wang Chao , Zong Lili
Published: January 2023

An expedient synthesis of vicinal tricarbonyl compounds from α,β-unsaturated carbonyls through permanganate oxidation is reported. The key to this process is the presence of acetic acid additive, which enhances the oxidation ability of permanganate.
Peroxidase mimicking activity ofSaccharum officinarumL. capped gold nanoparticles usingo-dianisidine as a substrate
Authors: Yadav Sushma , Sharma Tanya , Kaushik Ritu , Malhotra Priti
Published: January 2023

In this study, a biogenic method is reported for the fabrication of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) usingSaccharum officinarumL. (SOL) and studied the peroxidase mimicking activity usingo-dianisidine (ODA) as a substrate.
Sn regulates the electronic structure and metal particles of Pd to improve the hydrogenation performance of 4-nitrophenol
Authors: Yan Lele , Wang Yuyao , Zhu Lina , Chen Junjie , Xu Yuyang , Wang Zijian , Song Tongyang , Zhao Bo , Chen Xianlang , Li Rongrong
Published: January 2023

The synergistic effect between Sn and Pd enhances the activity and stability of the PdSn4/C catalyst.
N-(Aryl)pyrrole-2-aldimine complexes of ruthenium: synthesis, structure, and spectral and electrochemical properties
Authors: Chandra Anushri , Dhibar Papu , Dutta Pragna , Paul Piyali , Bhattacharya Samaresh
Published: January 2023

Reaction of N-(4′-R-phenyl)pyrrole-2-aldimines (HL-R) with [Ru(dmso)4Cl2] in refluxing toluene affords complexes of type [Ru(L-R)2(dmso)2]. The two dmso's can be substituted by a chelating bidentate ligand such as bpy (or phen).
Improving the methane aromatization activity and anti-carbon deposition on MCM-22 through nano α-MoO3 modification
Authors: Hu Jing , Yang Chunxue , Liu Bing , Zhao Xinyu , Wang Yin , Wang Xiaohui , Liu Jinglin , Guan Jingqi
Published: January 2023

Compared with commercial MoO3, α-MoO3 modified MCM-22 possesses more Mo species in the zeolite pores, more MoCx active sites, and fewer Brønsted acid sites.
A humidity-tolerant NO2 sensor based on Ag3PO4–SnSe2 heterostructures
Authors: Hao Juanyuan , Lu Wen , Yin Dongmin , Hao Weixun , Wang You
Published: January 2023

Ag3PO4–SnSe2 heterostructures are constructed as a sensing material and show excellent NO2-sensing performance at high relative humidity.
MiR-146a encapsulated liposomes reduce vascular inflammatory responses through decrease of ICAM-1 expression, macrophage activation, and foam cell formation
Authors: Ho Donald , Lynd Tyler O. , Jun Claire , Shin Juhee , Millican Reid C. , Estep Benjamin K. , Chen Jun , Zhang Xixi , Brott Brigitta C. , Kim Dong Woon , Sherwood Jennifer A. , Hwang Patrick T. J.
Published: January 2023

Treatment of microRNA-146a encapsulated liposomes reduces vascular inflammation by targeting multiple related components including endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell, and macrophage activation as well as foam cell formation.
Two-dimensional MBenes with ordered metal vacancies for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Lan Leilei , Fan Xingce , Zhao Caiye , Gao Juan , Qu Zhongwei , Song Wenzhe , Yao Haorun , Li Mingze , Qiu Teng
Published: January 2023

A totally new SERS technology, MBene-enhanced Raman scattering, is developed by employing MBene as a SERS-active material. An ordered vacancy-triggered highly sensitive MBene-based SERS platform with superior signal uniformity is designed.
[3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangements of propargyl alkynyl ethers. Synthesis of complex dienoates and unsaturated lactones
Authors: Sosa Juan R. , Tudjarian Armen A. , Minehan Thomas G.
Published: January 2023

A low temperature [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of in situ propargyl alkynyl ethers takes place to provide substituted dienoates and unsaturated lactones.
Triazole-enabled, iron-catalysed linear/branched selective C–H alkylations with alkenes
Authors: Cattani Silvia , Secchi Andrea , Ackermann Lutz , Cera Gianpiero
Published: January 2023

Inexpensive and non-toxic iron catalysed C–H alkylations via carbometallation of alkenes offer ample scope (>35 examples) for linear and branched products.
Trienamine catalysed unprecedented remote olefin E/Z isomerisation/[4 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction to access spirooxindole hexahydroindoles
Authors: Prasad Madavi S. , Sivaprakash Murugesan , Bharani Sankar , Chowhan L. Raju
Published: January 2023

The first report on trienamine-catalyzed remote olefin E/Z isomerization followed by a [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction is disclosed.
Dynamic regulation of RAS and RAS signaling
Authors: Kolch Walter , Berta Dénes , Rosta Edina
Published: January 2023

RAS proteins regulate most aspects of cellular physiology. They are mutated in 30% of human cancers and 4% of developmental disorders termed Rasopathies. They cycle between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. When active, they can interact with a wide range of effectors that control fundamental biochemical and biological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that RAS proteins are not simple on/off switches but sophisticated information processing devices that compute cell fate decisions by integrating external and internal cues. A critical component of this compute function is the dynamic regulation of RAS activation and downstream signaling that allows RAS to produce a rich and nuanced spectrum of biological outputs. We discuss recent findings how the dynamics of RAS and its downstream signaling is regulated. Starting from the structural and biochemical properties of wild-type and mutant RAS proteins and their activation cycle, we examine higher molecular assemblies, effector interactions and downstream signaling outputs, all under the aspect of dynamic regulation. We also consider how computational and mathematical modeling approaches contribute to analyze and understand the pleiotropic functions of RAS in health and disease.
Non-kinase targeting of oncogenic c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling: the future of clinically viable cancer treatments
Authors: Latham Sharissa L. , O'Donnell Yolande E.I. , Croucher David R.
Published: January 2023

c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs) have been identified as key disease drivers in a number of pathophysiological settings and central oncogenic signaling nodes in various cancers. Their roles in driving primary tumor growth, positively regulating cancer stem cell populations, promoting invasion and facilitating metastatic outgrowth have led JNKs to be considered attractive targets for anti-cancer therapies. However, the homeostatic, apoptotic and tumor-suppressive activities of JNK proteins limit the use of direct JNK inhibitors in a clinical setting. In this review, we will provide an overview of the different JNK targeting strategies developed to date, which include various ATP-competitive, non-kinase and substrate-competitive inhibitors. We aim to summarize their distinct mechanisms of action, review some of the insights they have provided regarding JNK-targeting in cancer, and outline the limitations as well as challenges of all strategies that target JNKs directly. Furthermore, we will highlight alternate drug targets within JNK signaling complexes, including recently identified scaffold proteins, and discuss how these findings may open up novel therapeutic options for targeting discrete oncogenic JNK signaling complexes in specific cancer settings.
Viral subversion of the cell polarity regulator Scribble
Authors: Javorsky Airah , Humbert Patrick O. , Kvansakul Marc
Published: January 2023

Scribble is a scaffolding protein that regulates key events such as cell polarity, tumorigenesis and neuronal signalling. Scribble belongs to the LAP family which comprise of 16 Leucine Rich Repeats (LRR) at the N-terminus, two LAP Specific Domains (LAPSD) and four PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domains at the C-terminus. The four PDZ domains have been shown to be key for a range of protein–protein interactions and have been identified to be crucial mediators for the vast majority of Scribble interactions, particularly via PDZ Binding Motifs (PBMs) often found at the C-terminus of interacting proteins. Dysregulation of Scribble is associated with poor prognosis in viral infections due to subversion of multiple cell signalling pathways by viral effector proteins. Here, we review the molecular details of the interplay between Scribble and viral effector proteins that provide insight into the potential modes of regulation of Scribble mediated polarity signalling.
Visualizing lipid membrane structure with cryo-EM: past, present, and future
Authors: Sharma Karan D. , Heberle Frederick A. , Waxham M. Neal
Published: January 2023

The development of electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has evolved immensely in the last several decades and is now well-established in the analysis of protein structure both in isolation and in their cellular context. This review focuses on the history and application of cryo-EM to the analysis of membrane architecture. Parallels between the levels of organization of protein structure are useful in organizing the discussion of the unique parameters that influence membrane structure and function. Importantly, the timescales of lipid motion in bilayers with respect to the timescales of sample vitrification is discussed and reveals what types of membrane structure can be reliably extracted in cryo-EM images of vitrified samples. Appreciating these limitations, a review of the application of cryo-EM to examine the lateral organization of ordered and disordered domains in reconstituted and biologically derived membranes is provided. Finally, a brief outlook for further development and application of cryo-EM to the analysis of membrane architecture is provided.
Singing and Speaking Ability in Parkinson's Disease and Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Kim Yoonji , Sidtis Diana , Sidtis John J.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

This study examined spontaneous, spoken-to-a-model, and two sung modes in speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD), speakers with cerebellar disease (CD), and healthy controls. Vocal performance was measured by intelligibility scores and listeners' perceptual ratings.

Method:

Participants included speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to PD, those with ataxic dysarthria secondary to CD, and healthy speakers. Participants produced utterances in four vocal modes: spontaneous speech, spoken-to-a-model, sung-to-a-model, and spontaneous singing. For spoken-to-a-model and sung-to-a-model modes, written material was provided the model. For spontaneous singing, participants sang songs that they endorsed as familiar. Dependent variables: In Experiment I, listeners orthographically transcribed the audio samples of the first three vocal modes. In Experiment IIa, raters evaluated the accuracy of the pitch and rhythm of the spontaneous singing of familiar songs. Finally, familiar songs and sung-to-a-model utterances were rated on a competency scale by a second group of raters (Experiment IIb).

Results:

Results showed increases in intelligibility during the spoken-to-a-model mode compared with the spontaneous mode in both PD and CD groups. Singing enhanced the vocal output of speakers with PD more than in speakers with CD, as measured by percent intelligibility. PD participants' pitch and rhythm accuracy and competency in singing familiar songs was rated more favorably than those produced by CD participants.

Conclusions:

The findings reveal a vocal task effect for spoken utterances in both groups. Sung exemplars, more impaired in CD, suggest a significant involvement of the cerebellum in singing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21809544
Experiences and Perceptions of School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists Related to Literacy: Results From a National Survey
Authors: Bridges Mindy Sittner , Kelley Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play an important role in supporting children with reading and writing difficulties. The purpose of this study was to describe the training, experiences, and knowledge of SLPs who work in preschool, elementary school, or middle/high school settings in relation to children with reading and writing difficulties.

Method:

Preschool and school-based SLPs (
N
= 280) participated in an online survey, with items related to preservice and in-service training experiences, experiences and perceptions of competence related to reading and writing assessment and instruction with students on their caseload, and knowledge of reading and writing.

Results:

The majority of respondents reported limited preservice coursework and clinical training experiences with students with reading and writing difficulties. Many SLPs reported that more than half of the students on their caseload had reading and writing difficulties, but many SLPs (approximately 40%) had poor confidence in their abilities in assessment and intervention with children with reading and writing difficulties.

Conclusions:

Nearly all SLPs indicated that they would benefit from additional training and experience with children with reading and writing difficulties. We provide some initial suggestions for graduate coursework, clinical training experiences, and tailored professional development.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21809514
Ableism to Empowerment: Navigating School Structures When Working With Students Who Stutter
Authors: Reeves Nina A. , Flynn Timothy W. , Schuff Reuben Z.
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) face uniquely complex webs of guidelines and criteria that can undermine their ability to move toward disability-affirming practices. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to present a contrast between ableist and disability-affirming practices in school-based stuttering therapy while highlighting the critical perspectives of students who stutter. Practical examples of disability-affirming stuttering therapy in public school settings are provided.

Conclusions:

This clinical focus article outlines practical guidelines and specific examples of affirming collaboration, eligibility decisions, goal choice, and accommodations for students who stutter. These discussions demonstrate how SLPs can adopt updated assessment therapy planning and institutional practices to affirm students who stutter while informing school cultures and society about the dignity and value of stuttered voices.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21818028
Reflections on nebulae around young stars
Authors: Gupta A. , Miotello A. , Manara C. F. , Williams J. P. , Facchini S. , Beccari G. , Birnstiel T. , Ginski C. , Hacar A. , Küffmeier M. , Testi L. , Tychoniec L. , Yen H.-W.
Published: January 2023

Context. While it is generally assumed that Class II sources evolve largely in isolation from their environment, many still lie close to molecular clouds and may continue to interact with them. This may result in late accretion of material onto the disk that can significantly influence disk processes and planet formation.

Aims. In order to systematically study late infall of gas onto disks, we identify candidate Class II sources in close vicinity to a reflection nebula (RN) that may be undergoing this process.

Methods. First we targeted Class II sources with known kilo-au scale gas structures – possibly due to late infall of material – and we searched for RNe in their vicinity in optical and near-infrared images. Second, we compiled a catalogue of Class II sources associated with RNe and looked for the large-scale CO structures in archival ALMA data. Using the catalogues of protostars and RNe, we also estimated the probability of Class II sources interacting with surrounding material.

Results. All of the sources with large-scale gas structures also exhibit some reflection nebulosity in their vicinity. Similarly, at least five Class II objects associated with a prominent RNe, and for which adequate ALMA observations are available, were found to have spirals or stream-like structures which may be due to late infall. We report the first detection of these structures around S CrA.

Conclusions. Our results suggest that a non-negligible fraction of Class II disks in nearby star-forming regions may be associated with RNe and could therefore be undergoing late accretion of gas. Surveys of RNe and kilo-au scale gas structures around Class II sources will allow us to better understand the frequency and impact of late-infall phenomena.
Atomic oxygen abundance toward Sagittarius B2
Authors: Lis Dariusz C. , Goldsmith Paul F. , Güsten Rolf , Schilke Peter , Wiesemeyer Helmut , Seo Youngmin , Werner Michael W.
Published: January 2023

A substantial fraction of oxygen in diffuse clouds is unaccounted for by observations and is postulated to be in an unknown refractory form, referred to as unidentified depleted oxygen (UDO), which, depending on the local gas density, may contribute up to 50% of the total oxygen content. Previous Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) observations suggest that a significant fraction of oxygen in even denser, translucent clouds may be in atomic form. We have analyzed velocity-resolved archival SOFIA observations of the 63 μm fine-structure [O I] transition toward the high-mass star-forming region Sgr B2(M) in the Central Molecular Zone. The foreground spiral-arm clouds as well as the extended Sgr B2 envelope between the Sun and the background dust continuum source produce multiple [O I] absorption components, spectrally separated in velocity space. The gas-phase atomic oxygen column density in foreground clouds toward Sgr B2 is well correlated with the total hydrogen column density, with an average atomic oxygen abundance of (2.51 ± 0.69) × 10−4 with respect to hydrogen nuclei. This value is in good agreement with the earlier ISO measurements on the same line of sight, and is about 35% lower than the total interstellar medium oxygen abundance in the low-density warm gas, as measured in the UV. We find no evidence that a significant fraction of the oxygen on the line of sight toward Sagittarius B2 is in the form of UDO.
Oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde and styrene oxide over nickel and copper ceria solution combustion catalysts
Authors: Gazu Qinisani , Shozi Mzamo , Mpungose Philani
Published: January 2023

CeO2, Cu0.05Ce0.95O2-δ, Ni0.04Ce0.96O2-δ, Cu0.05Ni0.05Ce0.90O2-δ, catalysts were synthesised via solution combustion technique using urea as a fuel. The as pre-preared catalysts were characterised via X-ray powder diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The characterisation techniques strongly suggested that all the catalysts were prepared successfully, and that copper and nickel were successfully incorporated into the lattice structure of ceria. The effect of the reaction conditions on the catalytic properties of the synthesised material were studied in detail using Cu0.05Ni0.05Ce0.90O2-δ as the model catalyst. The effect of temperature, solvents and co-oxidants was investigated in optimisation studies. A combination of acetonitrile, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and a temperature of 60 °C were found to be optimal after 24 hours and used for all catalysts. All catalysts were found to be active in styrene oxidation under these conditions, with styrene conversion as high as 69% over Ni0.04Ce0.96O2-δ, and selectivity to benzaldehyde and styrene oxide 38 and 26% respectively.
Das Potenzial komplementärer Musikinterventionen bei Patienten mit malignen Kopf-Hals-Tumoren
Authors: Haeussler Daniel , Mayer Christopher , Schell Angela , Zaubitzer Lena , Büttner Sylvia , Gencer Deniz , Rotter Nicole , Kramer Benedikt
Published: January 2023

Zweck Etablierte Behandlungsschemata für Patienten mit malignen Kopf-Hals-Tumoren führen häufig zu körperlichen und psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen und können daher die Lebensqualität (QoL) dieser Patienten erheblich einschränken. Die in der Literatur verfügbaren Daten weisen darauf hin, dass ergänzende Behandlungen wie Musikinterventionen die Lebensqualität und Compliance der Patienten verbessern und die Symptome während der Therapie reduzieren können.

Methoden Im Rahmen einer ambulanten Vorstellung erfolgte eine anonyme Datenerhebung bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Tumoren mittels eines selbst konzipierten Fragebogens. Dabei wurden die Patienten insbesondere nach ihrem Bedarf und Interesse an Musikinterventionen während der Tumortherapie befragt.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 138 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen, davon 68,1% Männer und 31,9% Frauen. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 64,9 Jahre. Nur 11,5% hörten zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung regelmäßig Musik während ihrer Therapie, jedoch gaben 52,2% der Patienten an, an Musikinterventionen interessiert zu sein. Die Patienten erhofften sich besonders entspannende und ermutigende Wirkungen durch das Musikhören. Die meisten würden dabei Gruppentherapien (56%) oder das Hören ihrer eigenen Musik (36,6%) bevorzugen.

Zusammenfassung Unsere Daten deuten auf ein hohes Potenzial von Musikinterventionen bei Patienten mit Kopf-Hals-Malignomen hin. Dabei scheinen positive Auswirkungen, einschließlich einer Verringerung somatischer und nichtsomatischer Symptome und einer verbesserten Lebensqualität, möglich. Der Mangel an einer homogenen Datenlage unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit weiterer Studien im Bereich der komplementären Musikinterventionen, um zukünftig wissenschaftsbasierte Konzepte in Krebsbehandlungszentren zu etablieren.
Understanding Preterm Birth in Pregnancies Complicated by Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Swanson Kate , Norton Mary E. , Downum Sarah L. , Gonzalez-Velez Juan M. , Sparks Teresa N.
Published: January 2023

Objective Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is associated with poor perinatal outcomes including preterm birth (PTB). However, the frequency and causes of PTB in this population are not well understood. We hypothesized that NIHF frequently results in PTB due to medically indicated delivery for fetal distress.

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort of pregnancies with NIHF that underwent exome sequencing if standard testing was nondiagnostic. The primary outcome was frequency of PTB at <37 weeks' gestation. Secondary outcomes were reasons for PTB, fetal predictors of PTB, and frequency of neonatal death following PTB.

Results Fifty-six cases were included, with a median gestational age at delivery of 32.8 weeks (interquartile range [IQR]: 30.3–35.0). Overall, 86% (48/56) were delivered preterm. Among 48 PTBs, 18 (38%) were spontaneous, 9 (19%) were medically indicated for maternal indications (primarily preeclampsia), and 21 (44%) were medically indicated for fetal indications (nonreassuring antenatal testing or worsening effusions). Neither fetal genetic diagnosis nor polyhydramnios was associated with PTB.

Conclusion More than four-fifths of pregnancies with NIHF result in PTB, often due to nonreassuring fetal status. These data are informative for counseling patients and for developing strategies to reduce PTB in pregnancies with NIHF.

Key Points
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic-Related Long-Term Chronic Impacts on Psychological Health of Perinatal Women in China
Authors: Zhang Enjie , Su Shaofei , Gao Shen , Liu Ruixia , Ding Xin , Zhang Yue , Xie Shuanghua , Liu Jianhui , Yue Wentao , Yin Chenghong
Published: January 2023

Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused far-reaching changes in all areas of society. However, limited data have focused on the long-term impacts on perinatal psychological health. This study aims to evaluate long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic crisis on psychological health among perinatal women and investigate associated factors.

Study Design A multicenter, cross-sectional study, the psychological subproject of China Birth Cohort Study (CBCS), was conducted in 2021. Demographic and obstetric characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, psychological status, and COVID-19-pandemic-related factors were obtained. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia of participants were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of adverse psychological symptoms.

Results Totally, 1,246 perinatal women were enrolled, with the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms being 63.16, 41.89, and 44.38%, respectively. Perinatal women who needed psychological counseling and were very worried about the COVID-19 pandemic were 1.8 to 7.2 times more likely to report symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Unemployment, flu-like symptoms, younger maternal age, and previous diseases before pregnancy were risk factors for depression, anxiety, or insomnia.

Conclusion Our study revealed that the prevalence of perinatal depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms was at a high level even 1 year after the pandemic outbreak, implying pandemic-associated long-term psychological impacts on perinatal women existed. Government should not only pay attention to the acute effects of psychological health but also to long-term psychological impacts on perinatal women after major social events.

Key Points