bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil do(A) Profissional de Secretariado Executivo na Gestão Contemporânea: Evidências a Partir dos Ingressantes no Mercado de Trabalho na Cidade de Curitiba e, das Demandas Empresariais
Authors: Müller Rodrigo , De Oliveira Vanderleia Stece , Cegan Edilaine
Published: September 2016

Este artigo aborda o perfil profissional do Secretariado Executivo atual considerando mercado de trabalho, diretrizes curriculares nacionais (DCN) para os cursos de secretariado e legislação de regulamentação, bem como o interesse de alunos formandos pelos temas específicos da sua profissão. Tem como objetivo analisar, por meio dos temas de pesquisa presentes nos trabalhos de conclusão de curso (TCC), se os interesses dos formandos em Secretariado Executivo estão alinhados às demandas do mercado de trabalho e da legislação. A metodologia consiste em pesquisa exploratória, utilizando-se de métodos mistos de análise. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, contando com análise de vagas ofertadas em uma empresa de recursos humanos on-line e dos TCCs realizados nos últimos dois (2) anos por concluintes do curso de Bacharelado em Secretariado Executivo da instituição pesquisada. Os resultados indicam uma posição mais sistêmica destes profissionais dentro das organizações, o que vai ao encontro do perfil delineado pelas DCN e pelas vagas de trabalho publicadas no período selecionado. Percebe-se ainda que a formação acadêmica destes novos profissionais está englobando tanto as características inerentes ao cotidiano da profissão como posturas relacionadas com o novo perfil da área secretarial.
Diversity Action Plans in Clinical Trials
Authors: Metcalfe Rebecca K. , Park Jay J. H.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the US Food and Drug Administration’s upcoming mandate on diversity actions plans for trial sponsors and the importance of developing accountability mechanisms to monitor those plans.
Electron‐Deficient Engineering in Large‐Conjugate‐Heptazine Framework to Effectively Shuttle Hot Electrons for Efficient Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Pan Ronglan , Lv Wei , Ge Xin , Huang Xiong , Hu Qichuan , Song Kejian , Liu Qiong , Xie Haibo , Wu Bo , Yuan Jili
Published: September 2024

Photocatalytic oxygen reduction to H2O2 based on g‐C3N4 has presented promising potential for sustainable solar‐fuel production. Yet tuning the timescale of hot electron's lifetime to effectively participate in the surface reactions remains challenging. Here, an electron‐deficient engineering strategy is developed by incorporating an electron‐deficient structure (EDS) with different conjugate regions into large conjugate‐heptazine framework (LCHF) of g‐C3N4 to steer hot electrons of the different timescales to effectively activate O2 for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production. Femtosecond transientabsorption spectroscopy reveals that introducing EDS into LCHF can steer hot electron rapid transfer to the trapping sites of EDS and notably eliminate the deeply trapped electrons as well as enhance the shallow capture. It is demonstrated that pyromellitic dianhydride not only can tune the lifetime scale of hot electrons but also provide nonpolarized active sites to effectively activate O2 forming H2O2 with lower energy barrier via direct or stepwise 2e− pathways. This photocatalyst achieves an H2O2 yield rate of 25.40 mmol g−1 h−1, enabling an apparentquantumyield of 45.7% at 400 nm and a solar‐to‐chemical efficiency of 2.63%, outperforming the other reported photocatalysts. This work will shed light on the design of organic photocatalysts to tune hot electrons to effectively engage in the surface reaction.
Real Topological Phonons in 3D Carbon Allotropes
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Bai Jingbo , Wang Jianhua , Cheng Zhenxiang , Qian Shifeng , Wang Wenhong , Zhang Gang , Yu Zhi‐Ming , Yao Yugui
Published: September 2024

There has been a significant focus on real topological systems that enjoy space‐time inversion symmetry and lack spin‐orbit coupling. While the theoretical classification of the real topology has been established, more progress has yet to be made in the materials realization of real topological phononic states in 3D. To address this crucial issue, high‐throughput computing is performed to inspect the real topology in the phonon spectrums of the 3D carbon allotropes. Among 1661 carbon allotropes listed in the Samara Carbon Allotrope Database (SACADA), 79 candidates host a phononic real Chern insulating (PRCI) state, 2 candidates host a phononic real nodal line (PRNL) state, 12 candidates host a phononic real Dirac point (PRDP) state, and 10 candidates host a phononic real triple‐point pair (PRTPP) state. The PRCI, PRNL, PRTPP, and PRDP states of 27‐SG. 166‐pcu‐h, 1081‐SG. 194‐42T13‐CA, 52‐SG. 141‐gis, and 132‐SG. 191‐3,4T157 are exhibited as illustrative examples, and the second‐order phononic hinge modes are explored. This study broadens the understanding of 3D topological phonons and expands the material candidates with phononic hinge modes and phononic real topology.
Carbon Dots Crosslinked Egg White Hydrogel for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wu Jun , Lei Josh Haipeng , Li Moxin , Zhang Aiping , Li Yuan , Liang Xiao , de Souza Senio Campos , Yuan Zhen , Wang Chunming , Chen Guokai , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Deng Chu‐Xia , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan
Published: September 2024

Egg white (EW)‐derived hydrogels hold promise as biomaterials for in vitro cell culture due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. However, their highly cross‐linked structures restrict their potential for in vivo applications, as they are unable to integrate dynamically with tissues before degradation. In this study, this limitation is addressed by introducing carbon dots (CDs) as cross‐linking agents for EW in a dilute aqueous solution. The resulting CDs‐crosslinked EW hydrogel (CEWH) exhibits tensile strength comparable to that of skin tissue and features a large pore structure that promotes cell infiltration. Subcutaneous implantation of CEWH demonstrated excellent integration with surrounding tissue and a degradation rate aligned with the hair follicles (HFs) regeneration cycle. This allows the long‐term regeneration and establishment of an M2 macrophage‐dominated immune microenvironment, which in turn promotes the re‐entry of HFs into the anagen phase from the telogen phase. Additionally, CEWH demonstrated potential as a wound dressing material. Overall, this study paves the way for utilizing EW as a versatile biomaterial for tissue engineering.
Observation of Spin Splitting in Room‐Temperature Metallic Antiferromagnet CrSb
Authors: Zeng Meng , Zhu Ming‐Yuan , Zhu Yu‐Peng , Liu Xiang‐Rui , Ma Xiao‐Ming , Hao Yu‐Jie , Liu Pengfei , Qu Gexing , Yang Yichen , Jiang Zhicheng , Yamagami Kohei , Arita Masashi , Zhang Xiaoqian , Shao Tian‐Hao , Dai Yue , Shimada Kenya , Liu Zhengtai , Ye Mao , Huang Yaobo , Liu Qihang , Liu Chang
Published: September 2024

Recently, unconventional antiferromagnets that enable the spin splitting (SS) of electronic states have been theoretically proposed and experimentally realized, where the magnetic sublattices containing moments pointing at different directions are connected by a novel set of symmetries. Such SS is substantial, k‐dependent, and independent of the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength, making these magnets promising materials for antiferromagnetic spintronics. Here, combined with angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a systematic study on CrSb, a metallic spin‐split antiferromagnet candidate with Néel temperature TN
= 703 K, is conducted. The data reveal the electronic structure of CrSb along both out‐of‐plane and in‐plane momentum directions, rendering an anisotropic k‐dependent SS that agrees well with the calculational results. The magnitude of such SS reaches up to at least 0.8 eV at non‐high‐symmetry momentum points, which is significantly higher than the largest known SOC‐induced SS. This compound expands the choice of materials in the field of antiferromagnetic spintronics and is likely to stimulate subsequent investigations of high‐efficiency spintronic devices that are functional at room temperature.
Why Half‐Cell Samples Provide Limited Insight Into the Aging Mechanisms of Potassium Batteries
Authors: Jeschull Fabian , Kataev Elmar , Panasenko Iurii , Njel Christian , Félix Roberto , Maibach Julia
Published: September 2024

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) studies of solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) of cycled battery electrodes are mostly performed in half cell configurations (i.e., against metallic counter electrodes). In contrast to less reactive Li metal, problems arise in post‐Li systems, like K‐ion cells, where crosstalk phenomena strongly interfere with the surface layer formation process. This raises the question of whether surface analysis data from half cell experiments are still representative and transferable to corresponding full cells in post‐Li systems. Here the major differences between SEI layers formed on graphite electrodes are outlined in K‐ion half and full cells derived from an in‐depth surface analysis approach combining in‐house and (synchrotron‐based) hard X‐ray PES. This results highlight significant changes in SEI characteristics, both in terms of SEI layer thickness and gradual compositional changes across the interphase, when K‐metal (half cell) is replaced by a Prussian white positive electrode (full cell). Furthermore, the initial SEI layers formed on the first cycle are found to evolve and age differently upon further cycling, depending on the two cell configurations. This study stresses the additional complexity of studying post‐Li cells and the need to carefully design surface analysis experiments for meaningful material and electrode interphase characterization.
The Impact of China's Belt and Road Initiative on Agricultural Trade Status: A Network Analysis of Countries Along the Route
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Xu Liang
Published: September 2024

Amid increasing volatility in the global agricultural supply chain, many countries are intensifying their pursuit of international agricultural collaboration to enhance their presence in global markets. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) serves as a critical platform for promoting mutually beneficial agricultural cooperation. Utilizing panel data from 151 countries spanning the years 2001–2020, this research empirically investigates the policy effects of the BRI on the agricultural trade status of these countries from a trade network perspective. The findings indicate that the initiative significantly boosts the trade network status of BRI countries, with marked advantages observed for countries along the “One Road,” economic corridor countries, and developing countries within the BRI framework. Further mechanistic analyses suggest that the success of the BRI can be attributed to improvements in the “five‐pronged approach,” which includes enhancing facilities connectivity, promoting unimpeded trade, fostering financial integration, facilitating policy communication and strengthening people‐to‐people bond. These results highlight the reciprocal and beneficial nature of the BRI in the context of agricultural trade, providing valuable insights for improving the quality of agricultural trade under the BRI and advancing the contribution of agricultural trade to building a community of shared interests.
Rheumatic adverse events associated with biologic therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Jenny B. , Hsiao Helen , Khalil Carlos , Lee John M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Biologic therapies approved for treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have well‐established safety profiles but reports of rheumatic adverse events (AEs) are increasing and not well defined. This review aims to assess the risk and incidence of rheumatic AEs associated with biologic therapy in CRSwNP and summarize current reported management strategies.

Methods

A protocol was registered in PROSPERO [CRD42024525663]. A search was conducted in four electronic databases: Medline (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception until January 4, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened citations and extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. Data were pooled using a random effects model to calculate overall incidence and relative risk.

Results

Twenty‐one studies met the final inclusion criteria, totaling 3434 patients of which 2763 (80%) received either dupilumab (n = 2257; 82%), mepolizumab (n = 372; 13%), or omalizumab (n = 134; 5%) for treatment of CRSwNP. The overall incidence rate for any on‐treatment rheumatic AE was 0.05 per person–year (95% CI, 0.03–0.09, I2 = 75%). Biologic therapy increased the risk of developing a rheumatic AE (RR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.29–4.94) compared with placebo. The most frequently reported rheumatic AE was arthralgia or joint pain (n = 94; 95%), followed by lupus‐like syndrome or lupus erythematosus‐like reaction (n = 2; 2.5%). Discontinuation of treatment was the most common intervention (n = 21, 39%).

Conclusion

Biologic therapy increases the risk of rheumatic AEs in CRSwNP patients by over twofold. Healthcare providers should remain vigilant in monitoring rheumatic AEs and apply appropriate management strategies on a case‐by‐case basis.
Incorporations of 2,2′‐benzidinedisulfonic acid and forward osmotic extraction‐favored nanoparticles in polyethersulfone nanofiltration membrane for the simultaneous enhancements in nitrate rejection and water permeation
Authors: Li Zeya , Zhai Mingyu , Wu Xin , Chen Zeying , Liang Lifen , Wang Xiuli , Song Laizhou
Published: September 2024

The nanofiltration (NF) membrane has not been extensively competent for rejection of monovalent ions (such as Cl− and NO3−), and the strategy for enhancing monovalent ion rejection and permeation flux still faces a significant challenge. Herein, based on our previous polyethersulfone (PES)‐type NF membrane (NF‐0), two novel NF membranes were fabricated with additional incorporations of 2,2′‐benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA) and forward osmotic extraction solution‐functioned nanoparticles (MNPs) to remove nitrate from the aqueous solution. The fabricated NF‐BDSA membrane with introduction of BDSA in ultrathin layer displays a significant nitrate rejection of 92.2% and an acceptable permeation flux of 21 L m−1 h−1 at 0.6 MPa. As anticipated, the obtained NF‐MNPs1.0 membrane with additional incorporation of MNPs (1.0 wt% addition) in the substrate layer of NF‐BDSA membrane achieves further improvements in nitrate rejection (95%) and water permeability (32.3 L m−1 h−1); encouragingly, this membrane exhibits comparable monovalent ion rejection and permeation flux to reverse osmosis membrane under relatively low pressure. Compared with those of NF‐0 membrane, the permeation flux and nitrate rejection of NF‐MNPs1.0 membrane increase by 111.1% and 6.1%, respectively. Moreover, the superior performances of endurance, antifouling and chlorine resistance of NF‐MNPs1.0 membrane demonstrate its expectable perspective of potential engineering applications.
Iatrogenic atrial septal defects in structural heart interventions: Opening the Pandora's box
Authors: Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Pyrpyris Nikolaos , Karampinos Konstantinos , Malainou Christina Panagiotis , Beneki Eirini , Koulouriotis Alexandros , Pitsiori Daphne , Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Aggeli Konstantina , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: September 2024

In the modern era of structural heart interventions, the total number of transseptal procedures is growing exponentially, thus increasing the rate and need for management of iatrogenic atrial septal defects (iASDs). To date, there are no official guidelines on the assessment and management of iASDs, due to inconclusive evidence on whether patients benefit more from the percutaneous closure of iASD than from conservative management and vigorous follow‐up. Despite the abundance of observational studies on iASDs, there is still a lack of randomized studies. Evidence so far show that percutaneous closure is no superior over conservative treatment in patients with iASDs, however, it has been demonstrated that patients with spontaneous closure of iASDs experience less heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. On the other hand, researchers have investigated the beneficial nature of interatrial shunt therapy in patients with HFpEF and, more recently, with HFrEF, due to the presumed hemodynamic benefits. Herein, we provide an updated review of relevant literature, focusing on iASD persistence rates, predicting factors for their persistence, and clinical outcomes of iASD persistence, to summarize available evidence and discuss future directions in the field.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols and Polyols Over Cu‐Based Catalysts Prepared by NaBH4 Reduction
Authors: Reynoso Alberto José , Djakovitch Laurent , Perret Noémie
Published: September 2024

For the first time, oxide (TiO2, CeO2, ZnO, Al2O3) supported Cu catalysts, prepared by the aqueous reduction method using sodium borohydride, were employed for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of 2‐octanol and various C4–C8 polyols. The method used to prepare the catalysts enabled the formation of small Cu particles in the range of 14–36 nm, depending on the point of the zero charge of the support. We showed that the conversion increased with Cu surface area, where Cu/TiO2 led to the highest conversion of 2‐octanol (>99.9%). The selectivity depends on the support and conversion. Up to 80% conversion, the selectivity to 2‐octanone was between 83% and 90% when using Cu/TiO2. In this study, we also report for the first time the acceptorless dehydrogenation of 1,3‐butanediol, 2,3‐butanediol, 1,2‐pentanediol, and 1,5‐pentanediol in liquid phase. While metal active sites promoted the dehydrogenation reaction, the presence of acidic and basic sites favored the formation of by‐products, mainly resulting from dehydration reactions, pinacol rearrangements, and aldol and retro‐aldol condensations. In addition to value‐added chemicals, all the reactions also released molecular hydrogen.
Short‐statured maize achieved similar growth and nitrogen uptake but greater nitrogen efficiencies than conventional tall maize
Authors: Ordóñez Raziel A. , Pico Lia B. Olmedo , Dohleman Frank G. , Fernández‐Juricic Esteban , Verhagen Garrett S. , Vyn Tony J.
Published: September 2024

Despite a historical favoring of robust tall plants in maize (Zea mays L.) production systems as a potential indicator of increased total and/or grain biomass yields, short‐statured maize is receiving renewed commercial attention in North America. Little is known of the relative N efficiencies resulting from potential inter‐stature differences in dry matter formation and N processes during pre‐ and post‐silking stages. To investigate this, two field rainfed experiments were conducted in West Lafayette, IN. The experiments included factorial combinations of two tall‐ and two short‐statured maize hybrids subjected to three N rates: 0 (unfertilized), 168 (moderate), and 224 kg N ha−1 (elevated) applied at planting. Short hybrids with a 25% reduced stature showed no statistically significant differences in seasonal biomass accumulation and N uptake, or in biomass partitioning to grain (harvest index) versus stover at maturity relative to conventional tall hybrids. Increased leaf biomass and ear growth at silking, plus comparable quantities of N remobilization from stems during grain filling, with short‐stature maize contributed to its grain yield parity with tall‐stature maize. Additionally, our research revealed other noteworthy findings: short‐statured maize had higher N harvest index and N recovery efficiency than the tall maize, implying more N status resiliency at moderate N rates. The lack of interactions between N × stature in most studied traits suggests that short hybrids can perform at least as well as conventional tall hybrids across a range of N rates. Our findings provide insights for fine‐tuning of breeding and management programs.
Soybean yield and seed quality in equidistant versus non‐equidistant plant arrangements under different densities
Authors: van Versendaal Emmanuela , Pereyra Valentina M. , Irby Trent , Kovacs Peter , Hefley Trevor , Prasad P. V. Vara , Kyveryga Peter , Van De Woestyne Bradley W. , Ciampitti Ignacio A.
Published: September 2024

Equidistant plant arrangements have shown positive impacts, in the United States over the last century, on soybean (Glycine max L.) yield and seed quality by reducing intraspecific plant competition and enhancing early canopy cover. This study aims to (i) assess the effects of equidistant versus non‐equidistant plant arrangements on soybean yield and seed quality across different regions in the United States; (ii) explore the effect of modified soybean plant canopy resulting from different plant arrangements on yield and seed quality. In 2021 and 2022, 13 trials were conducted in Kansas, Mississippi, and South Dakota. The treatments consisted of three equidistant plant arrangements of 13 cm × 13 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, and 20 cm × 20 cm (620,000, 430,000, 242,363 seeds ha−1, respectively), and a non‐equidistant with 38 cm of row space (321,236 seeds ha−1). Soybean yield and yield components were collected, and canopy coverage (%) was monitored throughout the growing season. Overall, there is no evidence of any advantage of equidistant over non‐equidistant arrangements in soybeans. Yield differences related to spatial arrangement were observed in only three trials: the non‐equidistant increased yield compared to the 20 cm × 20 cm equidistant arrangement (lowest density) in two trials, while the 13 × 13 and 15 × 15 patterns (highest density) showed higher yield compared to the 20 cm × 20 cm arrangement in one trial. Furthermore, seed quality remained constant across spatial arrangements in the 13 trials. In contrast to prior research, our study found no correlation between canopy coverage development and yield improvement. The tested equidistant arrangement while promising did not provide substantial evidence of yield improvement relative to the non‐equidistant.
Coexistence of Redox‐Active Metal and Ligand Sites in Copper‐Based Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks as Active Materials for Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Systems
Authors: Bagheri Ahmad , Bellani Sebastiano , Beydaghi Hossein , Wang Zhiyong , Morag Ahiud , Zappia Marilena I. , Panda Jaya‐Kumar , Vaez Samaneh , Mastronardi Valentina , Gamberini Agnese , Thorat Sanjay Balkrishna , Abruzzese Matteo , Pasquale Lea , Dong Renhao , Yu Minghao , Feng Xinliang , Bonaccorso Francesco
Published: September 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) conjugated metal‐organic frameworks (c‐MOFs) are promising materials for supercapacitor (SC) electrodes due to their high electrochemically accessible surface area coupled with superior electrical conductivity compared to traditional MOFs. In this work, porous and non‐porous HHB−Cu (HHB=hexahydroxybenzene), derived through surfactant‐assisted synthesis are studied as representative 2D c‐MOF models with different characteristics, showing diverse reversible redox reactions with Na+ and Li+ in aqueous (10 M NaNO3) and organic (1.0 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate) electrolytes, respectively. These redox activities were here deployed to design negative electrodes for hybrid SCs (HSCs), combining the battery‐like property of HHB−Cu at the negative electrode and the high capacitance and robust cyclic stability of activated carbon (AC) at the positive electrodes. In the organic electrolyte, porous HHB−Cu‐based HSC achieves a maximum cell specific capacity (Cs) of 22.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, specific energy (Es) of 15.55 Wh kg−1 at specific power (Ps) of 70.49 W kg−1, and 77 % cyclic stability after 3000 gravimetric charge–discharge (GCD) cycles at 1 A g−1 (specific metrics calculated on the mass of both electrode materials). In the aqueous electrolyte, porous HHB−Cu‐based HSC displays a Cs of 13.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, Es of 6.13 Wh kg−1 at 44.05 W kg−1, and 72.3 % Cs retention after 3000 GCD cycles. The non‐porous sample, interesting for its superior electrical conductivity despite its limited surface area compared to its porous counterpart, shows lower Es performance but better rate capability compared to the porous one. This study indicates the potential of assembling a battery‐SC hybrid system by rationally exploiting the battery‐like behavior of 2D c‐MOFs and the electrochemical double‐layer capacitance of AC.
Influence of Rippled Electron Density and Refractive Index on Second Harmonic Generation of Super‐Gaussian Pulses in Inhomogeneous Plasmas
Authors: Khanlari M. , Hashemzadeh M.
Published: September 2024

Effects of rippled electron density, the intensity of the laser beam, and the refractive index on the second harmonic generation of super‐Gaussian pulses in inhomogeneous plasmas are investigated. Using the magnetic field of the laser beam and the quiver velocity of the electrons, the second harmonic nonlinear ponderomotive force is obtained. This nonlinear force pushes electrons which generates a space‐charge force and nonlinear electron velocity. This leads to the nonlinear current density. Using the linear and nonlinear current densities and Maxwell's equations, the equation of the second harmonic electric field is obtained. Results show that by increasing the laser intensity and the amplitude of the ripped electron density, the absolute value of the second harmonic electric field amplitude increases. By increasing the refractive index of the plasma, the amplitude of the second harmonic wave decreases.
Neural network based Equaliser for non‐Gaussian noise
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Agrawal Monika , Bhadouria Vijay Singh
Published: September 2024

The noise that affects underwater acoustic communication (UWAC) is primarily characterised by its non‐stationary nature and is predominantly non‐Gaussian in distribution. The Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) criterion‐based receiver/equaliser is suboptimal for Underwater Acoustic Communication (UWAC). An underwater acoustic communication (UWAC) system that is resilient should have the capability to effectively manage a wide range of underwater noise patterns and complex multipath, non‐stationary channels with a high level of reliability. To address these challenges, we suggest the deployment of a robust receiver that autonomously handles the communication channel. This receiver would consist of two stages: the first stage would involve a prefilter based on the time‐reversal mirror (TRM), while the second stage would utilise a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Analysis of the proposed receiver in different scenarios unequivocally demonstrates its superiority over the conventional Decision Feedback Equalise (DFE) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) based receiver.
Predicting survival after Impella implantation in patients with cardiogenic shock: The J‐PVAD risk score
Authors: Kondo Toru , Yoshizumi Tomo , Morimoto Ryota , Imaizumi Takahiro , Kazama Shingo , Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Okumura Takahiro , Murohara Toyoaki , Mutsuga Masato
Published: September 2024

Aims

Impella has become a new option for mechanical circulatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS); however, prognostic models for patients after Impella are lacking. We aimed to identify the factors that predict in‐hospital mortality in patients with CS requiring Impella and develop a new risk prediction model.

Methods and results

We utilized the J‐PVAD registry, which includes all cases where Impella was implanted in Japan. Two‐thirds of the patients in the J‐PVAD registry were randomly assigned to the derivation cohort (n = 1701), and the other third was assigned to the validation cohort (n = 850). A backward stepwise logistic regression model was developed to identify factors associated with in‐hospital mortality. In the derivation cohort, 956 patients were discharged alive, and 745 patients (43.8%) died during hospitalization. Among 29 candidate variables, 12 were independently associated with in‐hospital mortality and were applied as components of the risk model, including age, sex, body mass index, fulminant myocarditis aetiology, cardiac arrest in hospital, baseline veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, mean arterial pressure, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, creatinine, and albumin levels. The comparison of predicted and observed in‐hospital mortality according to the 7th quantiles using the J‐PVAD risk score showed good calibration. The area under the curve for the J‐PVAD risk score was 0.76 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.78). In the validation cohort, the J‐PVAD risk score showed good calibration and discrimination ability.

Conclusions

The J‐PVAD risk score can be calculated using variables easily obtained in routine clinical practice. It helps the accurate stratification of mortality risk and facilitates clinical decision‐making.
Genotoxicity evaluation of gene therapies: A report from the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) 2022
Authors: Libertini S. , Jadlowsky J. K. , Lanz T. A. , Mihalcik L. M. , Pizzurro D. M.
Published: September 2024

At the 8th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing meeting in Ottawa, in August 2022, a plenary session was dedicated to the genotoxicity risk evaluation of gene therapies, including insertional oncogenesis and off‐target genome editing. This brief communication summarizes the topics of discussion and the main insights from the speakers. Common themes included recommendations to conduct tailored risk assessments based on a weight‐of‐evidence approach, to promote data sharing, transparency, and cooperation between stakeholders, and to develop state‐of‐the‐art validated tests relevant to clinical scenarios.
Integrating lymph node ratio into personalized radiotherapy for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Linmei , Zhu Enzhao , Cao Shaokang , Ai Zisheng , Su Jiansheng
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) lacks clear boundaries due to the non‐negligible toxicity accompanying its remarkable cancer‐killing effect. This study aims at validating the ability of deep learning models to develop individualized PORT recommendations for patients with OCSCC and quantifying the impact of patient characteristics on treatment selection.

Methods

Participants were categorized into two groups based on alignment between model‐recommended and actual treatment regimens, with their overall survival compared. Inverse probability treatment weighting was used to reduce bias, and a mixed‐effects multivariate linear regression illustrated how baseline characteristics influenced PORT selection.

Results

4990 patients with OCSCC met the inclusion criteria. Deep Survival regression with Mixture Effects (DSME) demonstrated the best performance among all the models and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. The efficacy of PORT is enhanced as the lymph node ratio (LNR) increases. Similar enhancements in efficacy are observed in patients with advanced age, large tumors, multiple positive lymph nodes, tongue involvement, and stage IVA. Early‐stage (stage 0–II) OCSCC may safely omit PORT.

Conclusions

This is the first study to incorporate LNR as a tumor character to make personalized recommendations for patients. DSME can effectively identify potential beneficiaries of PORT and provide quantifiable survival benefits.
Communicating tokenomics and monetary policy: A comparative analysis of real and virtual economies
Authors: ter Veer Kane Falco , Heinrich Timo
Published: September 2024

This article investigates the economic governance of blockchain‐based virtual economies in the context of monetary policy. Focusing on tokenomics communication, we employ deductive and inductive approaches, applying real‐world monetary policy metrics and text mining frameworks. Our comparative analysis reveals that the tokenomics communication in blockchain‐based virtual economies primarily functions as a fundraising tool, lacking policy discussions, with divergences from real‐world economies in policy goals and numerical targets. Furthermore, our research highlights similarities between blockchain‐based virtual economies and early‐stage low‐income developing countries in communication dynamics.
Why rejection sensitivity leads to adolescents' loneliness: Differential exposure, reactivity, and exposure‐reactivity models
Authors: Lyu Muhua , Xiong Yuke , Wang Hui , Yang Liu , Chen Jiahui , Ren Ping
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Rejection sensitivity is considered a risk factor for loneliness; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Adopting the constructs of exposure, reactivity, and exposure‐reactivity from the personality framework, this study investigated three models of rejection sensitivity, bullying victimization, and loneliness to reveal why rejection sensitivity leads to loneliness among Chinese early adolescents.

Methods

Using a longitudinal design, three‐wave data were obtained (with approximately 6‐month intervals) from 2381 Chinese early adolescents (51.2% boys at Time 1, Mage = 13.38, SD = 0.59) from 7 secondary schools. Students reported on their rejection sensitivity at Time 1, bullying victimization at Times 1 and 2, and their loneliness at Times 2 and 3. A longitudinal moderated mediation model was conducted to analyze the association between variables.

Results

Path analyses demonstrated that rejection sensitivity was associated with greater loneliness for adolescents in which association was mediated by bullying victimization. High levels of rejection sensitivity exacerbate the adverse effect of bullying victimization on loneliness. Furthermore, in line with the differential exposure‐reactivity model, the effect of rejection sensitivity on loneliness mediated by bullying victimization only existed for high rejection‐sensitive adolescents.

Conclusions

The findings emphasize the dual role of rejection sensitivity in the development process of adolescents' loneliness and highlight the importance of identifying rejection‐sensitive adolescents for intervention and prevention efforts.
The Effect of Cryotherapy on Buccal Blood Vessels Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Plekhanov Anton A. , Guseynov Nidjat A. , Kiseleva Elena B. , Bopkhoev Saddam V. , Potapov Arseniy L. , Ali Ashrf B. I. , Moiseev Alexander A. , Ryabova Valentina M. , Ivanov Sergey Y. , Muraev Alexander A. , Gladkova Natalia D. , Sirotkina Marina A.
Published: September 2024

While cryotherapy is one of the traditional ways to reduce postoperative complications in maxillofacial surgery, the cooling degree is not regulated in most cases and the achieved effect is not properly controlled. Therefore, to develop optimal cooling modes, we propose to study the buccal vascular response to cooling, which has not been previously shown. To evaluate the effect of cooling, we analyzed vessel networks using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A). The cheek vessels were OCT‐A monitored using cooling by an ice bag/cooling mask. We found the advantages of using a cooling mask over an ice bag consist of a statistically significant decrease in the perfused vessel density (PVD) of the papillary layer at the oral mucosa. The absence of the reticular layer vessel reaction to any type of cooling was noted. We argue for the necessity to develop optimal modes of cryotherapy, which will contribute to blood perfusion reduction and reduction of PVD recovery.
KDF1 promotes ameloblast differentiation by inhibiting the IKK/IκB/NF‐κB axis
Authors: Liu Hangbo , Yu Miao , Sun Kai , Zheng Jinglei , Wang Jiayu , Liu Haochen , Feng Hailan , Liu Yang , Han Dong
Published: September 2024

Enamel protects teeth from external irritation and its formation involves sequential differentiation of ameloblasts, a dental epithelial cell. Keratinocyte differentiation factor 1 (KDF1) is important in the development of epithelial tissues and organs. However, the specific role of KDF1 in enamel formation and corresponding regulatory mechanisms are unclear. This study demonstrated that KDF1 was persistently expressed in all stages of ameloblast differentiation, through RNAscope in situ hybridization. KDF1 expression in the mouse ameloblast cell line LS8 was demonstrated via immunofluorescence assay. KDF1 was knocked out in LS8 cells using the CRISPR/Cas‐9 system or overexpressed in LS8 cells through lentiviral infection. In vitro ameloblast differentiation induction, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blot analysis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay indicated that knockout or overexpression of KDF1 in LS8 cells decreased or increased the mRNA and protein levels of several key amelogenesis markers, as well as ALP activity. Furthermore, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and co‐immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that KDF1 can interact with the IKK complex, thereby inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway. Suppressing NF‐κB activity partially recovered the decreased ameloblast differentiation in LS8 cells induced by KDF1‐knockout. This study demonstrated that KDF1 can promote ameloblast differentiation of LS8 cells by inhibiting the IKK/IκB/NF‐κB axis, and is a potential target for functional enamel regeneration.
Iodine‐Promoted Cascade Redox Cyclization to Access 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles Using Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Chiranjeevi Yakkanti , Gaware Sujeet , Chatterjee Rana , Solanke Jayshree , Venkateshwarlu Rapolu , Rao L. Vaikunta , Simhachalam Gorle , Dandela Rambabu
Published: September 2024

A straightforward and efficient method has been developed to access a variety of benzothiazole derivatives via cascade reductive annulation. Iodine mediated, one‐pot three‐component reaction of o‐chloronitroarenes, aryl aldehydes, and elemental sulfur effectively produce benzothiazoles. Moreover, the metal‐free strategy allows the facile synthesis of diverse 2‐substituted benzothiazoles through multiple carbon–heteroatom bonds in good yields. The present protocol features a greener approach, readily accessible reagents, broad substrate scope, high product yields, and operational simplicity.
Prevalence and risk factors of long COVID among maintenance hemodialysis patients post SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A one‐year follow‐up study in China
Authors: Zhao Xue , Chen Lei , Huo Linhui , Wang Meng , Gao Zhumei , Jiang Hongli , Wei Limin
Published: September 2024

Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are a high‐risk group susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long‐COVID syndrome appearance. However, there is limited and unclear evidence for long COVID in MHD patients. We collected the general information, symptoms, signs and laboratory indices of 366 MHD patients infected with COVID‐19 and conducted 12 months follow‐up with a series of questionnaires. As a result, 285 MHD patients had long COVID, with the most common symptoms were fatigue (84.69%) and muscle weakness (72.45%). Mobility problem (p < 0.001), anxiety/depression (p = 0.002) and breathlessness (p < 0.001) were more prevalent in long COVID patients than in non‐long COVID patients. Persistent long COVID people were more likely to report all domains problems of the EQ‐5D‐5L. Age, female, inadequate dialysis (Kt/V < 1.2), coagulation abnormalities (d‐dimer > 1 mg/L) and more comorbidities were risk factors for the development of long COVID. In addition to these factors, elevated inflammatory markers (CRP > 10 mg/L) represent an extra risk factor for the persistence of long COVID symptoms in MHD patients. And more than 80% of long COVID symptoms would resolve after 1 year in MHD patients, of which the sixth month after COVID‐19 infection is a critical turning point. In conclusion, more than 68% of MHD patients have long COVID, which has a poor impact on their health status and quality of life. These risk factors for the development and persistence of long COVID deserve the attention of clinicians.
All‐soft tissue quadriceps tendon autograft and bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft demonstrate no significant ACL tunnel widening: An MRI comparison
Authors: Ashy Cody C. , Lynch Mary‐Katherine , Baird Henry B. G. , Xerogeanes John W. , Pullen William , Slone Harris S.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study sought to quantify the tunnel widening associated with quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and compare it to bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autografts.

Methods

A retrospective review of each ACLR performed at a single academic institution from 2011 to 2021 were reviewed. Subjects with repeat ipsilateral knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies performed after ACLR were included. Two reviewers independently measured the maximum diameter of the femoral and tibial tunnels 1 cm from the aperture. Tunnel widening was calculated as the difference between the initial drilled diameter and the measured diameters.

Results

Seventy‐five patients (38 BTB and 37 QT autografts) were identified including 42 females and 33 males. With respect to graft type (QT vs. BTB), there was no statistically significant difference in median patient age (19.0 (16.0–31.5) years vs. 20.0 (16.8–30.0) years respectively; p = n.s.) or median time to MRI (12.0 [9.0–19.5] months vs. 13.0 [7.0–43.3] months respectively, p = n.s.). Mean tunnel diameter changes or widening was statistically significantly greater for QT autografts than BTB autografts at the tibial tunnel: (0.4 [±0.6] mm] vs. −0.4 [±1.1 mm; p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean tunnel diameter change was also significantly greater at the femoral tunnel for QT compared to BTB. (0.2 [±0.6] mm vs. −0.4 [±0.8] mm; p < 0.001) However, no patients with QT grafts demonstrated tibial or femoral tunnel diameters >12 mm.

Conclusion

Although QT autografts had a statistically significant greater amount of tunnel widening compared to BTB autografts; the mean tibial and femoral net widening of 0.4 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively, does not meet previously reported clinically significant values. Thus, the tunnel widening presented in this study is unlikely to affect clinical outcomes and should not preclude the use of either graft.

Level of Evidence

Level III (Retrospective comparative study).
Chiral Ionic Liquids Enable High‐Performance Room Temperature Single Junction Spin‐Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tang Jun , Tao Sheng , Li Yang , Zhang Xiangpeng , Kan Lixuan , Zhang Guoshuai , Jiang Linze , Zhou Jin , Qin Yang , Sun Xiangnan , Yang Yijun , Zhu Xixiang , Yu Haomiao , Li Jinpeng , Yu Zhi‐gang , Wang Kai
Published: September 2024

Room temperature and solution‐processible spin‐light emitting diodes (spin‐LEDs) are of practical importance since electronic spins act as information carriers for circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) generation. The recent boost of quasi‐2D chiral hybrid perovskites (CHPs) has gained unprecedented attention because of the possible spin manipulation via innate chiral‐induced spin‐orbit coupling (CISOC) without involving cumbersome spin injection from ferromagnets. Herein, a unique method is developed using chiral ionic liquids (CILs) as antisolvents for fabricating highly reproducible and stable lead‐bromide thin films based single junction spin‐LEDs. With this, the chirality is successfully transferred into the perovskites with outstanding chiroptical properties and improved film crystallinities. More than 75% photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQY) and 13% CP‐EL have been achieved. The existence of chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) is proved and a large degree of polarized spin current () of ≈80% with a long spin lifetime exceeding 1.0 ns is attained. Further their magneto‐chiroptical effects are explored through magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and magneto‐photoluminescence (MPL). The method opens a new avenue for the development of CHPs and high‐performance single junction spin‐LEDs.
Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid α‐Synuclein Seed Amplification Assay in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome
Authors: Vaughan David P. , Fumi Riona , Theilmann Jensen Marte , Hodgson Megan , Georgiades Tatiana , Wu Lesley , Lux Danielle , Obrocki Ruth , Lamoureux Jennifer , Ansorge Olaf , Allinson Kieren S.J. , Warner Thomas T. , Jaunmuktane Zane , Misbahuddin Anjum , Leigh P. Nigel , Ghosh Boyd C.P. , Bhatia Kailash P. , Church Alistair , Kobylecki Christopher , Hu Michele T.M. , Rowe James B. , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Morris Huw R. , Jabbari Edwin
Published: September 2024

Background

Seed amplification assay (SAA) testing has been developed as a biomarker for the diagnosis of α‐synuclein‐related neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the rate of α‐synuclein SAA positivity in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and to analyze clinical and pathological features of SAA‐positive and ‐negative cases.

Methods

A total of 96 cerebrospinal fluid samples from clinically diagnosed PSP (n = 59) and CBS (n = 37) cases were analyzed using α‐synuclein SAA.

Results

Six of 59 (10.2%) PSP cases were α‐synuclein SAA positive, including one case who was MSA‐type positive. An exploratory analysis showed that PSP cases who were Parkinson's disease–type positive were older and had a shorter disease duration compared with SAA‐negative cases. In contrast, 11 of 37 (29.7%) CBS cases were α‐synuclein SAA positive, including two cases who were MSA‐type positive.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that α‐synuclein seeds can be detected in PSP and CBS using a cerebrospinal fluid α‐synuclein SAA, and in PSP this may impact on clinical course.
Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Laryngeal Disorders: Real‐World Evidence
Authors: Lee I‐Yun , Kuo Yu‐Jen , Wu Ching‐Yuan , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Shih Wei‐Tai , Yang Pei‐Rung , Chen Ko‐Jung , Tsai Yao‐Te , Tsai Ming‐Shao , Chang Geng‐He , Yang Ming‐Yu , Hsu Cheng‐Ming
Published: September 2024

Objective

The association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngeal disorders remains debatable, although it has been the focus of extensive clinical and laboratory research. We conducted this study to obtain evidence on the association.

Study Design

Population‐based cohort study.

Setting

Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD).

Methods

Using data from Taiwan's NHIRD (January 2000 to December 2018), we performed a population‐based analysis to estimate the risk of laryngeal disorders in patients with GERD and those without GERD.

Results

The GERD and non‐GERD cohorts comprised 176,319 and 705,276 patients, respectively. The cohorts were matched at a ratio of 1:4 based on sex, age, urbanization level, and income level. The risk of laryngeal disorders was higher in the GERD cohort than in the non‐GERD cohort (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.61‐1.67).

Conclusion

This study is the first to use population data for identifying the association between GERD and laryngeal disorders for real‐world findings. Our population‐based analysis indicates that patients with GERD have an elevated risk of laryngeal disorders.
Spurring teacher well‐being from teacher leadership and basic psychological needs perspectives
Authors: Thien Lei Mee , Liu Peng
Published: September 2024

This study aims to investigate the linear and nonlinear (non‐compensation) effects of teacher leadership on teacher well‐being dimensions through the three basic psychological needs dimensions (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). This quantitative cross‐sectional study used partial least squares structural equation modelling and artificial neural network (ANN) for data analysis. Data were collected using survey questionnaires from 728 Malaysian primary school teachers. All the direct (linear) and indirect effects of teacher leadership on teacher well‐being dimensions through teachers' basic psychological needs were significant. The ANN analysis revealed that competence, a dimension of teacher basic psychological needs, was the strongest predictor of workload well‐being and student interaction well‐being. Autonomy was the strongest predictor of organisational well‐being. Implications and future studies are presented.