bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les raisons de la colère
Authors: Kérien Goulven , Milliot Vincent
Published: July 2021

En mai 1750, les Parisiens se révoltent contre les enlèvements arbitraires d’enfants effectués par la police. Au-delà de la chasse aux mendiants déclenchée par l’ordonnance royale du 12 novembre 1749 qui semble servir de détonateur, ces émeutes n’ont-elles pas des causes plus profondes ? L’étude systématique des sources policières, notamment des enfermements de famille par lettres de cachet, permet de revenir au fondement du pacte social scellé entre le Roi et les Parisiens à partir de la magistrature du lieutenant de police d’Argenson (1697-1718). Il s’agit ici de comprendre les raisons profondes de l’altération de ce pacte et de la dégradation des rapports entre police et population dans les années qui précèdent 1750. Mais aussi de souligner les leçons que les autorités ont tirées de cette révolte pour répondre au malaise exprimé par les Parisiens, sans rompre avec une dynamique de transformation du système policier parisien.
Le roman des Lumières, une chambre d’écho de la colère du peuple ?
Authors: Albertan-Coppola Marianne
Published: July 2021

Les romans de la pauvreté mettent en lumière la colère des mendiants face à un monde qui leur est unanimement défavorable. Obligés de lutter pour survivre, les gueux font leur la violence pour répondre à celle induite par le fonctionnement déréglé de la société et de l’État. Organisés en confréries, ils paraissent à même d’exprimer leur colère de manière retentissante et concertée, mais, isolés dans leurs actions, ils ne parviennent pas à mettre en place de nouveaux gestes ou rites de violence efficients et se contentent de répliquer inlassablement aux mauvais traitements dont ils sont victimes. La violence à laquelle ils se livrent leur est en fin de compte préjudiciable : ils échouent à mettre à profit leur colère pour sceller un nouvel équilibre social.
« C’était la justice du peuple »
Authors: Laporte Véronique
Published: July 2021

Sous l’Ancien Régime et jusqu’au milieu du 19 e  siècle, la promenade de Longchamp est une attraction incontournable pour tous les Parisiens. À cette occasion, de luxueux équipages convergent à la place Louis XV, parcourent l’avenue centrale des Champs-Élysées, puis se dirigent vers le bois de Boulogne, où ils déambulent dans les allées entourant l’abbaye de Longchamp. Alors que les élégants espèrent y briller, le peuple rassemblé dans les Champs-Élysées s’applique plutôt à faire craquer le vernis des apparences et à dénoncer, parfois avec colère, le ridicule ou l’indécence des participants. Bien que la tolérance pour les « aboyeurs » se modifie au gré des différents régimes politiques, la médisance, quant à elle, fait toujours partie intégrante de cet événement mondain.
« Recouvrée à la pointe de l’épée »
Authors: Toto Francesco
Published: July 2021

Dans cet article, l’auteur se demande si le Discours sur l’inégalité de Rousseau laisse ou non une place à une résistance populaire légitime et efficace aux pouvoirs constitués. À partir des tensions qui traversent la conception rousseauiste du peuple, l’article met d’abord en évidence la double image de la politique, comme calamité et comme salut, qui émerge des pages du Discours . Ensuite, il se tourne vers les passages qui semblent subsumer la rébellion à la première de ces conceptions, la réduisant à un moyen d’approfondissement de la corruption. Enfin, il montre de quelle façon la réintégration de ces passages dans leur contexte permet de remettre en question cette réduction. Ainsi, il démontre que la possibilité d’une révolte légitime et victorieuse est problématiquement mais intensément présente dans le Discours .
Démo-cratie et mérito-cratie en perspective
Authors: Tegos Spyridon , Noûs Camille
Published: July 2021

Dans le sillage du libéralisme écossais, exemplifié par Adam Smith, le libéralisme français postrévolutionnaire porte un vif intérêt à la classe moyenne. L’abolition de privilèges issue de la Révolution française transforme l’héritage écossais sans pour autant effacer les apories autour de la méritocratie et la mentalité de la classe moyenne, tantôt louée en tant que méritoire tantôt méprisée en tant que servile mimique de la courtoisie aristocratique. La (ré)introduction d’Adam Smith en France, de Sophie de Grouchy à Tocqueville, s’opère sur fond de transition d’un contexte de politesse aristocratique vers une civilité associée à la classe moyenne sur fond de républicanisme modéré. Les manières en régime démocratique traduisent les antagonismes entre la classe moyenne et le « peuple » sur un autre registre.
Prier en hommes libres : le débat sur l’introduction du français dans la liturgie catholique à la Révolution française
Authors: Aymard Jérôme
Published: July 2021

Au moment de la Révolution française, le primat du latin dans le culte catholique est remis en cause tant dans la sphère ecclésiastique que dans le monde laïque. Au nom de la régénération de la religion se pose la question de l’introduction du français dans la liturgie. Il s’agit en effet de rendre le culte conforme à l’avènement du peuple souverain. Prier avec le prêtre et non plus à travers lui, s’adresser à Dieu par la raison autant que par le cœur, affirmer l’identité d’une Église gallicane, tels sont les enjeux du débat qui s’amorce en 1789 et se poursuit jusqu’au Concordat. Parmi les initiatives, le Sacramentaire français amorce une polémique qui met au jour les fragilités de l’Église constitutionnelle.
La représentation du jeune dessinateur
Authors: Chatelain Antoine
Published: July 2021

Popularisée par les peintres Jean Siméon Chardin, Nicolas-Bernard Lépicié et François-Hubert Drouais, la représentation du jeune dessinateur se développe particulièrement durant la seconde moitié du 18 e  siècle. Cette étude propose de comprendre l’exceptionnelle fortune de ce motif, de son origine à son appropriation par une élite lettrée, sensible aux idées de Rousseau et au goût nouveau pour la pratique artistique. Il convient en effet de replacer cette iconographie au regard des problématiques du siècle des Lumières tout en essayant de déterminer son genre au sein d’une hiérarchie qui tend à s’estomper. Ce motif s’inscrit dans les autres représentations de l’enfance et de la jeunesse contemporaines, mais il diffère par l’attention portée au dessin et renforce ainsi la spécificité française.
Les dictionnaires bilingues français/latin ↔ chinois du 18 e siècle
Authors: Shen Feifei
Published: July 2021

La propagation de la foi chrétienne en Chine a suscité l’intérêt de l’apprentissage des langues chinoises chez les jésuites. Les dictionnaires bilingues français/latin ↔ chinois sont nés à la demande des missionnaires qui ont commencé la rédaction par la romanisation des caractères chinois en lettres latines. Le paysage des dictionnaires bilingues du 18 e  siècle est caractérisé par la production lexicographique bilingue français/chinois, dominant sur celle du latin-chinois. Il est aussi ancré de traits de la lexicographie européenne : mono-volume de grand format, traitement multilingue. Les dictionnaires bilingues sont à la fois le fruit d’une étude linguistique et le reflet des relations entre la France et la Chine, notamment au niveau de leur idéologie, de leur technique et de leur volonté.
Prohibitions pénales et laïcité du droit
Authors: Ippolito Dario , Noûs Camille
Published: July 2021

À la faveur d’une analyse textuelle et contextuelle du §  xxxi des Délits et des peines , cet article aborde le problème de la légitimité et de l’utilité des prohibitions pénales. Quelle est la position de Beccaria face au système des infractions d’Ancien Régime ? Quels sont les comportements qu’il juge légitime de sanctionner ? Au nom de quels principes revendique-t-il la nécessité d’une vaste décriminalisation ? Il est possible de fournir une réponse articulée à ces questions en examinant les réflexions de Beccaria sur l’adultère, l’homosexualité et l’infanticide.
« Un délit qui ne semble pas pouvoir admettre une peine »
Authors: Delia Luigi
Published: July 2021

S’il est vrai que l’intolérance religieuse et sociale envers les conduites suicidaires se laïcise lentement durant le 18 e  siècle, force est de constater que, dès 1764, le §  xxxii des Délits appelle de ses vœux cette évolution normative. Plaidoyer magistral contre la législation infamante à l’encontre des suicidés, ce chapitre place le débat hors des catégories religieuses en montrant qu’il est injuste, inutile et même nuisible de punir une telle conduite. Pour prévenir ce genre d’action, la voie de la répression doit donc être écartée au profit d’autres remèdes d’ordre économique et social. Ainsi, le suicide donne l’occasion à Beccaria de prôner, en homme des Lumières, une société qui soit aussi peu punitive que possible, et en même temps la plus soucieuse de garantir le bien-être du citoyen.
Prévenir et punir
Authors: Labriola Giulia Maria
Published: July 2021

On comprend mieux le §  xli des Délits et des peines , consacré au thème de la prévention des infractions, si on le situe au cœur d’un mécanisme qui se déploie dans les chapitres précédents (autour du principe de la douceur des peines) et surtout dans les suivants (à propos des caractères de la loi, des récompenses qu’elle doit dispenser et de son interprétation). Cet article se propose également de montrer que l’exigence générale de la prévention ne repose pas seulement sur les instruments du droit, mais aussi sur ceux de la philosophie, comme le démontre l’importance accordée à la science comme émancipation et à l’éducation comme pédagogie politique – c’est là un thème constant dans la culture juridique de Beccaria.
La présence d’un enseignant supplémentaire comme opportunité pour développer la différenciation et le travail collaboratif : le cas d’un projet pilote au sein du cycle 5-8 ans
Authors: Biémar Sandrine , Corfdir Anaïs , Libert Anne
Published: July 2021

La Fédération Wallonie Bruxelles de Belgique est engagée dans une réforme visant notamment à développer la différenciation en mettant en place un accompagnement personnalisé. Pour ce faire, un enseignant supplémentaire est détaché pour quelques heures dans chaque classe. Le présent article relate l’expérience pilote menée avec 10 écoles dans les classes d’âge de 5 à 8 ans. Son objectif est de documenter l’évolution des représentations véhiculées par les enseignants à propos de la différenciation et de la collaboration en regard des pratiques rapportées. Deux questionnaires ont été soumis aux enseignants à une année d’intervalle. L’analyse des données a mis en évidence un élargissement des conceptions véhiculées à propos des élèves. La présence d’une personne supplémentaire semble soutenir le développement d’une dynamique collaborative et des pratiques de différenciation. Au terme de nos investigations, nous relevons que la représentation du temps de travail enseignant n’intègre pas le travail collectif, perçu comme un surplus de travail.
Les régulations interactives et l’engagement des élèves : des soutiens à l’apprentissage
Authors: Couchepin Catherine Tobola
Published: July 2021

Confrontés à une production écrite, les élèves développent des capacités qu’il s’agit de mettre ici en lien avec les régulations interactives et les outils proposés par les enseignants. En partant des résultats des élèves pour remonter aux pratiques professionnelles, l’analyse multifocale des données révèle des progressions significatives de tous élèves. Elle met en évidence le langage et les significations partagées dans la classe pour soutenir les apprentissages.
Comparison of Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Coping Between Medical and Engineering Students
Authors: Gedam Sachin Ratan , Patond Swapnil , Saklecha Prasen , Vaidya Mahanta , Babar Vijay
Published: July 2021

Background:

The various studies globally emphasized that the students from professional courses are subjected to a higher level of stress, anxiety, depression, and suicides.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence's of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical and engineering students; to assess the source of stressors and coping strategies among them and to determine the association of anxiety and depression between both the fields of students with stress.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 319 students from medical and engineering colleges. They were assessed using semi-structured data; depression, anxiety and stress scale-21; coping inventory for stressful situations-21 and sources of academic stress among students.

Results:

The levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students were found to be 37.27%, 73.37%, and 60.94%, respectively, while that among engineering students were 29.3%, 78%, and 59.3%, respectively. There was significant difference between medical and engineering students, who fall under the category of stress on the basis of age, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, and satisfaction with the academic performance (P < 0.05). The significant differences were also observed between both the fields of students with anxiety and depression (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The stress, anxiety, and depression levels were found to be high among both the groups of students. Academic factors were main source of stressors and both the field of students adopted task-oriented coping strategy a little more to deal with their stressors. Thus, professional students should be provided with appropriate counseling and stress relieving activities to improve quality of life.
The Role of Policy and Legislation in Mental Health Care
Authors: Gupta Shipra
Published: July 2021

The interface of policy and legislation is crucial in making quality mental health care accessible in an effective manner. Shortage of psychiatrists and other mental health personnel in India poses a huge challenge in delivering mental health care. The social context is instrumental in subjecting the mentally ill to human rights violations and discriminations with low awareness, illiteracy, superstitions, denial, and the prevailing social perception of mental illness in India. The enormity of problem requires a multipronged approach supported by a robust policy with specific achievable goals. Mental health policy relies on the legal framework to achieve its goals, and ameliorate the lives of persons with mental disorders. Policy and legislation are two complementary approaches for improving mental health care and services. International developments in mental health care have brought a paradigm shift from “charity-” to “rights-” based approach which is very much reflected in India's first-ever Mental Health Policy, 2014, and the newly enacted Mental Healthcare Act, 2017. This shift entails a “participatory” approach for developing community-based facilities, services, and rehabilitation provisions. An analytical approach has been adopted to gauge the likely outcome of the combined role of this ambitious policy and law in light of existing mental health-care infrastructure and “social context.” An attempt has been made to highlight the main concerns and challenges in effective implementation of new law while putting forth feasible solutions to attain the policy goals. The paper concludes on a note that legal and health measures should work in tandem and eventual convergence be directed toward the best interest of mentally ill persons.
Mental Health and Human Rights
Authors: Anand Meenu
Published: July 2021

The current paper contextualizes mental health from a human rights-based perspective. It traces the multifarious efforts for realization of human rights of persons with mental illness in the Indian context. Alluding to the stigma and ostracism faced by the individuals with mental illness from their families and communities, the paper discusses the challenges to their care and essential treatment/services and available support. The paper also proposes few eclectic strategies for creation of an enabling and inclusive environment for persons with mental illness.
Attitudes toward Psychiatrists, Psychiatric Medications, and Mental Illness among Medical Undergraduates
Authors: Godasi Ganga Raju , Donthu Raj Kiran , Mohammed Abdul Salaam , Pasam Ravi Sankar , Mandaleeka Subramanyam Ravi Kumar
Published: July 2021

Context:

Varying attitude exists regarding psychiatrists, psychiatric medications, and mental illness among different groups of people. Attitudes are in more of a negative domain when we look from the laypersons' perspective. The study explores medical graduate attitudes in these domains.

Aims:

The aim was to study the attitudes toward psychiatrists, psychiatric medications, and mental illness among medical undergraduates.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was done in a private medical college in India.

Subjects and Methods:

The study was conducted on medical undergraduate students of a medical college in India. They were asked to fill study forms, which were designed to obtain sociodemographic details and included questionnaires to measure attitudes toward psychiatrists, psychiatric medications, and mental illness.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The completed forms were subjected to analysis by statistical software SPSS v18.

Results:

The sample included 596 medical undergraduate students. The study found a statistically significant negative association between age (P = 0.000) and attitude toward psychiatrists; gender (P = 0.014) and religion (P = 0.026) towards psychiatric medications, year of study towards psychiatrists (P = 0.000) and mental illness (P = 0.025). A negative correlation was found between age with attitudes toward psychiatrists (r − 0.273, P = 0.000) and mental illness (r − 0.095, P = 0.020); similarly, a negative correlation was found between year of graduation with attitude toward psychiatrists (r − 0.327, P = 0.000) and mental illness (r − 0.103, P = 0.012). As a preferred branch for postgraduation, only 18.8% were willing to take psychiatry; the willingness increases to 51.5% if no other clinical branch is available.

Conclusions:

Medical undergraduate students tend to have negative attitudes toward psychiatrists and mental illness in their starting years, but as they progress in their graduation, this tends to change. They have positive attitudes toward psychiatric medications in the later years of their graduation.
Trait Anxiety and Stress Level among University Students and Teachers
Authors: Singh Amrinder , Mall Sachin , Shenoy Shweta , Sandhu Jaspal Singh
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

Variations in work-related stress, anxiety, and physical activity levels have been seen with an emphasis on sex differences. This cross-sectional study was designed to report the gender difference in stress dynamics, trait anxiety, and physical activity and propose a framework for finding out the source causing these differences. Hence, the aim of the study is to find out the comparison of these variables between teachers and students.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was designed which analyzed 120 participants consisting of teachers of assistant professors grade (n = 60) and students (n = 60) from various teaching departments in Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. Further these subjects were categorized into male and female participants. For which, validated questionnaires and methods were used to measure stress and anxiety among these group of participants. Physical activity levels were also measured with a questionnaire focusing on lifestyle.

Results:

The perceived stress measured by the Perceived Stress Scale-14 and trait anxiety measured by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, did not show any significant differences between female participants (37.54 ± 7.27 and 38.85 ± 7.02, respectively) as compared to male participants (37.91 ± 7.11 and 38.14 ± 5.85, respectively). However, higher physical activity expenditure was observed in male students as compared to their female counterparts, which is measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in metabolic equivalent (MET) (3293 ± 1698 and 2234 ± 1674, respectively).

Conclusion:

Teachers had higher trait anxiety than students. A student shows a higher level of stress and MET values than a teacher. Female teachers showed a higher level of trait anxiety and stress than male teachers but had a lesser value of MET than male teachers. Female students shows greater anxiety level whereas male students shows increased stress level as compared to their respective counterparts. Male students had a higher value of MET.
Promotion of Wellness and Prevention of Illness among Medical Students
Authors: Nebhinani Naresh , Shouan Anish , Choudhary Swati
Published: July 2021

Wellness is a concept of optimal well-being, an essential component for medical students at the personal and professional level. While medical education and healthcare service demand an efficient coping reservoir and resilience, but greater burnout and psychological morbidity is being reported among medical students. Responsibility to address the concerns about well-being lies in medical schools, but there is a lack of awareness and nonavailability of such adaptive resources. In this article, we highlight the concept of wellness and its relevance in the context of medical students, models described in the literature for this purpose, and recommendations for wellness of medical students.
Social Determinants of Wellness among Medical Students
Authors: Baru Rama Vaidyanathan
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this piece is to provide a perspective on how societal dynamics and changes in India have a bearing on wellness among medical students. Wellness is a dynamic state that is often analyzed in terms of attributes of emotional, mental, physical, and interpersonal/social at the individual level. However, the societal context plays an important role in determining wellness even at this level. The social determinants of wellness would include the individual's location in the social hierarchy, economic, social, and cultural capital that they have access to, and the aspirations and expectations that are placed by the family, peers, and society at large. While this is common to most college-going students, medicine being an elite profession that enjoys high status and seen as providing social mobility, there is increased pressure in terms of competitiveness and performance. These complex interactions result in many challenges for medical students as they negotiate multiple demands – economic, academic, interpersonal, and societal in an institution for a prolonged period of time.
Acquired subglottic stenosis in a child
Authors: Saravanam Prasanna Kumar , Eswaran Sudhagar , Zaffrullah Nufra Senopher
Published: July 2021

The most common benign cause of laryngotracheal stenosis is postintubation injury caused by mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. The incidence of postintubation laryngotracheal stenosis in pediatric population is found to be 11.3%. In this report, we present a case of Soft Subglottic Stenosis(SGS) following recurrent intubation in a 3 year old child. Elective tracheostomy and serial dilatation with tracheal intubation stylets was performed which resulted in significant improvement of airway and the child was successfully decannulated. This case report highlights the importance of high index of suspicion in diagnosis of postintubation SGS in a child and reviews the literature in regard to challenges that are faced during evaluation and management of children presenting with stridor.
Concomittant epiglottic and multiple vallecular cyst
Authors: Singh Kamalpreet , Mishra Awadhesh Kumar , Gupta Arun , Kour Amrindarjeet
Published: July 2021

Laryngeal cysts are rare and are often diagnosed incidently as majority of the patients are symptom free or have nonspecific complaints. Here, we describe single large epidermoid inclusion epiglottic cyst and multiple small mucosal retention vallecular cysts presenting concomitantly which has not been described previously in literature.
Early-onset respiratory distress in a child
Authors: Prateep Aishwarya , Vijayaraj Gowri Priyadharshini , Parameswari Aruna , Saravanam Prasanna Kumar
Published: July 2021

A stridulous child with failure to thrive needs to be evaluated and emergent management is required to reduce the morbidity and mortality. The reasons for stridor in early childhood are usually due to laryngomalacia. Laryngeal cyst can pose a potential risk and challenge in management, especially in children. Laryngeal cysts have been described to occur in the glottis, laryngeal pouch, epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and subglottic areas. Clinical features of the laryngeal cyst depend on the size and localization of the cyst. They may present with voice change, hoarseness, dysphagia, laryngeal stridor, and dyspnea. Prompt diagnosis and early management can prevent major respiratory compromise. This case reports a 6-month old infant who was referred to us with stridor and failure to thrive since birth. The child was evaluated and a diagnosis of aryepiglottic fold cyst was made and treated surgically. The management protocol and available literature are reviewed and discussed.
Etiology of unilateral vocal cord paralysis
Authors: Gandhi Sachin , Bhatta Subash , Bhowmick Nilanjan
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Vocal fold paralysis is a common clinical entity. Vocal fold immobility is defined as the restriction of movement of the vocal folds secondary to neuropathy or mechanical fixation. Neurogenic immobility may result from damage to the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) is a highly variable clinical entity that warrants a thorough evaluation to assess the functional status of the larynx and to determine the etiology. Vocal fold paralysis is a sign of an underlying disease, not a disease in itself, and finding its etiology determines its prognosis and management options.

Aims and Objectives:

To study the etiology of unilateral vocal cord paralysis in patients in a tertiary referral centre

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted in a tertiary referral center between January 2003 and December 2019. A retrospective review of the case records of all patients diagnosed with UVCP who presented to us was carried out. A total of 435 cases who met the inclusion criteria were considered. The etiology of UVCP was determined using history, examination and appropriately directed investigations.

Observation and Results:

The most common identifiable cause of UVCP in our study was found to be surgical trauma, followed by non laryngeal malignancies.

Conclusion:

Though surgical trauma has been found to be the most common etiological factor in UVCP, a large proportion of patients had idiopathic UVCP and further research as to the pathophysiology of these cases is warranted.
Cocaine-induced pulmonary complications
Authors: Munagala Rohit , Chiruvella Varsha , Pucar Darko , Keshavamurthy Jayanth
Published: July 2021

Pulmonary complications of cocaine among users are common. Manifestations include lung congestion, intra-alveolar edema, and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Direct cellular toxicity, eosinophilia, barotrauma, and vasoactive effects of cocaine are believed to induce DAH. We present a rare case of cocaine-associated focal alveolar hemorrhage mimicking malignancy on imaging. Initially contemplated biopsy was avoided based on rapid growth of concerning lung lesion, with subsequent near resolution on follow-up. This case illustrates the importance of epidemiologic and temporal multimodality correlation when evaluating indeterminate lung lesions.
Small Airways, Big Problem
Authors: Hasan Ashfaq , Mukherjee Priyanka , Chhowala Sushmeeta , Lopez Meena , Chhajed Prashant N
Published: July 2021

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic respiratory diseases characterized by an inflammatory process that extends from the central to peripheral airways. Conventional pressurized metered-dose inhalers and most dry-powder inhalers emit drug particles too large to target the small airways effectively. Advancements in drug formulation have given rise to a new generation of inhalers that can generate aerosols with extrafine drug particles that leads to more effective aerosol penetration into the lung periphery. An extrafine formulation of inhaled beclomethasone/formoterol (BDP-FF) with enhanced lung deposition is now available. This document reviews the various real-world and controlled studies that have evaluated the efficacy of extrafine BDP-FF in asthma and COPD.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung with concurrent Mycobacterium avium complex infection
Authors: Walker Christopher M , Zhou Christine Y , Pathak Vikas
Published: July 2021

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, particularly Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which is also known as Lady Windermere syndrome usually presents with chronic cough, typically seen in elderly caucasian women who chronically suppress the normal cough reflex. Computerized tomography of the chest in patients with MAC infection can present as a tree in bud nodules, pulmonary nodules, cavity, or consolidation. However, other coexisting diseases such as lung cancer should be kept in mind while investigating these radiographic changes in patients with suspected MAC infection, more so if they have underlying risk factors for malignancy. We present a patient with suspected MAC infection who had co-existing lung adenocarcinoma.
Lophomonas isolation in sputum sample at Peru
Authors: Moya-Salazar Jeel , Salazar-Hernandez Richard , López-Hinostroza Madeleine , Contreras-Pulache Hans
Published: July 2021

Lophomonas infection is an emerging parasitic disease causing respiratory infections. After China, Peru is the second country with the highest number of cases. In the bright-field microscopy evaluation of fresh samples, most of them are incorrectly estimated. Therefore, correct identification using cytological stains is to be supplemented. We report a case of a 29-year-old male with typical clinical symptoms of pneumonia, marked eosinophilia, and noninfiltrative pattern in chest X-ray, who had bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis.
Primary lung cancer with chest wall involvement
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Malik Prabhat Singh , Bharati Sachidanand Jee , Yadav Mukesh , Jain Deepali , Kumar Sunil
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

The incidence of lung cancer with chest wall (CW) involvement is approximately 5%. Surgical resection with tumor-free margin is the mainstay of the treatment but these patients generally require multimodality management. CW resection for lung cancer is a complex procedure and requires a balance of radical oncological resection and reconstruction. Herein, we shared an experience of primary lung cancer with CW involvement.

Materials and Methods:

Outcome analysis of a prospectively maintained lung cancer database was done for the patients having primary lung cancer with CW involvement. All the patients underwent radical surgical resection of the primary tumor along with the CW.

Results:

Among the 208 patients undergoing surgery for non-small cell lung cancer, 20 (9.5%) were found to have CW involvement radiologically. The most common symptom was chronic cough. A total of 11 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and the rest were taken for upfront surgery. Six patients had a partial response to NACT and none of them had tumor progression during the chemotherapy. All the patients underwent en bloc resection of the CW with anatomical resection of lung and systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy. The mean duration of surgery was 199 min and the average blood loss was 560 ml. Reconstruction was done with a combination of prosthetic mesh and pedicled muscle flap. Median disease-free and overall survivals were 21 and 26 months, respectively.

Conclusion:

Radical resection with reconstruction is required for optimal long-term oncological and functional outcomes for NSCLC with CW involvement.
Demystifying COVID-19 lung pathology
Authors: Bhandari Sudhir , Solanki Ranjana , Jindal Arpita , Rankawat Govind , Pathak Deepali , Bagarhatta Meenu , Singh Ajeet
Published: July 2021

Background:

Atypical presentation of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) from classic acute respiratory distress syndrome needs to be extensively evaluated to understand the pathophysiology to optimize the management protocol for severely ill patients to abrogate the terminal event.

Methods:

Autopsy core needle biopsies of lungs were obtained from 12 patients who died with COVID-19. Routine histopathological examination of lung tissue along with immunohistochemical analysis of C4d complement staining was studied. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy material was also subjected to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) gene.

Results:

In the study, all the deceased patients were symptomatic with two-thirds suffering from isolated SARS-CoV2-related pneumonia while remaining one-third had secondary COVID-19 infection. Histopathological evaluation highlights diffuse alveolar damage as the predominant pattern; however, complement-mediated endothelial injury of septal microvasculature, and microthrombi was also distinctly observed with increased serum levels of D-Dimer and fibrinogen-degradation products. The patients who had extrapulmonary manifestations at the time of presentation also showed pulmonary vascular lesions on histopathologic examination. Our study confirms the presence of coagulopathy and immune-mediated microthrombi in pulmonary septal microvasculature in patients with severe disease.

Conclusion:

The results of our small series of patients highlight the possibility of immune-mediated pulmonary vascular injury and thrombosis which has the potential to evolve into large vessel thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in critically ill patients. Definitive therapeutic management protocol including thromboembolic prophylaxis and development of effective immune-modulatory target could possibly reduce mortality in severely ill patients.
Soil bioengineering in northeastern Brazil: An Overview
Authors: Holanda Francisco Sandro Rodrigues , Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno de , Pedrotti Alceu , Wilcox Bradford Paul , Marino Regina Helena , Santos Luiz Diego Vidal
Published: July 2021

This article presents an overview of the application of soil bioengineering techniques, also modeled as natural engineering, in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil, showing the importance of integrating living and inert elements to protect river banks from erosion. The employed techniques are different, ranging from the characterization of susceptibility to erosion to the use of biotechniques, considering knowledge in the areas of agronomic engineering, forestry engineering, civil engineering, biology, pedology, geology, geomorphology and geotechnics. It is an approach that uses techniques and methodologies in a multidisciplinary way, seeking to maximize synergies (for example, natural engineering techniques to combine inert materials in ways that help plants to develop increasingly efficient systems). This approach also considers maintenance-cost optimization in the conduction of the works, using different materials, differing from traditional engineering, which uses predominantly inert materials. The research work carried out in different locations sought the availability of local materials such as rocks, geotextiles made from fibers from the native flora or even available on the market, in addition to the use of native species to recovery of the banks or slopes, according to the ecological conditions of the northeastern Brazil. Size and technological and ecological reach were also considered, in addition to different biotechnical aesthetic objectives adapted to different situations.
Evaluation of Serum Leptin Level in Males with Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Abduljalal Maryam Hani , Shareef Nuha Abdulkadir , Alfeel Sarmad Osama
Published: July 2021

Leptin is a hormone secreted from adipose tissue, proved to be related to inflammatory, hemostatic, and metabolic factors, and thought to be involved in the development of hypertension. We aim to evaluate serum leptin levels and lipid profile in males with elevated blood pressure to be compared with healthy controls males of matched body mass index (BMI) and age. The present study were included 50 subject, 24 healthy controls males whose BMI (Mean±SD 27.6±4.9) as control group and 26 hypertensive males with essential hypertension whose BMI (Mean±SD 28.3±3.4), those two groups were aged and BMI matched Fasting serum leptin level, triglyceride (TG), total serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein(HDL) and low density lipoprotein(LDL) were measured. Leptin was found to be significantly higher in the hypertensive males (group2) when compared with the control group (group1) (21.5±2.3ng/ml against 14.3±1.4 ng/ml, respectively; p<0.03), while a very high significant difference in triglyceride, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.0001) and a significant difference in cholesterol was (p 0.01), LDL was (p<0.01) and HDLwas (p<0.05). The present study concluded that male patients with elevated blood pressure had significantly higher serum leptin level compared with healthy subjects of a same BMI. More over patients with hypertension had an unfavorable lipid profile.
Integration of E-learning into the Physiology Education of Medical Students in their Pre-clinical Curriculum
Authors: Menon Bindu , Patel Radha , Kovacs Kelly , Prevette Christopher , Chen Tian , Matus Coral D
Published: July 2021

Purpose: In our institution, we initiated integrated learning in the format of Learning Modules (LM), interactive audio/visual modules developed by the faculty in alignment with session learning objectives, as pre-work for in-class sessions.?This pilot study examined  students’ perceptions of this new learning method and effectiveness in helping them achieve content mastery. 

Methods: The instructor provided the LMs in advance, allowing a self-paced introduction of critical concepts that were subsequently discussed in detail during the in-class learning (ICL) session. A cognitive diagnostic assessment was used to analyze the student's performance on the exams. This involved identifying six skills, one or more of which were marked to be necessary for answering each exam question correctly. A question-by-skill Q-matrix was constructed, followed by analysis using a Deterministic Input, Noisy "And" Gate (DINA) model.  

Results: 70% of the students rated the new approach as "Excellent or Good." 63% of the students attained skills necessary to answer questions that involved integrating information gained separately from LM and ICL sessions. However, only 23% of the students achieved mastery in all the 6 skills.  

Conclusion: This integrative learning system allowed for time optimization since ICL sessions could focus on more interactive aspects of the content.
ALTMETRICS AND CITATION METRICS AS COMPLEMENTARY INDICATORS FOR RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
Authors: Fatih Koçyiğit Burhan , Akyol Ahmet
Published: July 2021

The quality and impact of scholarly articles are traditionally evaluated using metrics that put citation counts at the center. In the era of digitization, advanced online platforms and social media have transformed the dissemination of scientific information results and introduced new metrics for evaluating the influence of scholarly outputs and planning research studies. Alternative metrics (altmetrics) have emerged as tools for immediate measuring of scholarly outputs upon their online publication and dissemination through numerous online platforms, including social media channels. The Altmetrtic Attention Score by Altmetric.com has gained its global importance as an integral indicator for evaluation of constantly changing societal influence of individual articles. To a large extent, this and other social media metrics complement established citation metrics, allowing to visualize and predict implications at early stages of post-publication promotion. This article overviews characterstics of various altmetric tools and their growing roles for planning and evaluating scientific research.
Pengetahuan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk di Lingkungan Panti Asuhan Al-Islam Babarsari Sleman
Authors: Jati Marius Agung Sasmita , Khristiani Eva Runi , Muryani Muryani
Published: July 2021

Pengetahuan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk di Lingkungan Panti Asuhan Al-Islam Babarsari Sleman. Sampai saat ini masyarakat masih memiliki keterbatasan pengetahuan dan informasi tentang cara pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue. Santri di lingkungan Panti Asuhan Al-Islam yang berada di wilayah Babarsari perlu diberikan penyuluhan karena para santri sebelumnya belum pernah mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang PSN. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan melalui pendidikan kesehatan berupa penyuluhan tentang PSN dengan sasaran santri dan guru Panti Asuhan Al-Islam Babarsari. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahapan meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Kegiatan penyuluhan diikuti oleh 24 santri dan 3 guru. Dari hasil evaluasi didapatkan daya serap rerata para peserta meningkat sebanyak 16 %. Nilai rerata daya serap dari pre-test sebesar 72 dan Nilai rerata daya serap dari post-test sebesar 84. Para santri Panti Asuhan Al-Islam telah memiliki pengetahuan tentang PSN yang baik.
Pembelajaran dengan Media Gambar untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bersosialisasi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ayu Aida Mustika , Mukri Rusdiono , Aziz M. Taufiq
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine learning with image media to improve early childhood social skills in class B in Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Albadariyah, Cimanggu 2 Village, Cibungbulang District, Bogor Regency. The research uses varied and interesting image media so that it can motivate children's interest. This type of research is collaborative classroom action research using Kurt Lewin's model. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were nine children of Group B RA Albadariyah. While the object of this research is the application of image media to improve children's social skills. Technique of data collection uses observation, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive techniques and quantitative approaches. The indicator of success in this study is when the average social ability of children through picture media has reached 80%. The results of this study indicate an increase in children's social skills through image media. This is evidenced by an increase in the average social ability of children in pre-action by 55.5%, increasing to 63.8% in Cycle I, and reaching 94.4% in Cycle II.
Penerapan Teknik Modeling Simbolis Dalam Pengembangan Perencanaan Karier Siswa SMPN 6 Palangka Raya
Authors: Yulia Yulia , Bunu Helmuth Y , Suriatie Mimi , Lena Makda Del , Samuda Rahmaniah
Published: July 2021

Career planning is something that concerns the future in the long term. It must be planned in advance; to plan where someone wants to go and what he wants to achieve.The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of symbolic modeling techniques in the development of student career planning; to choose further studies that suit their interests and talents. The type of the research is qualitative research with observation, interview, and documentation methods. The research subjects were 5 students. This research was carried out based on the phenomenon at SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya, where there were students who were still confused about choosing further studies according to their interests and talents. The results showed that after being given symbolic modeling with  videos, students experienced changes such as: (1) Students were able to understand their strengths and weaknesses in certain fields; (2) Students begin to be able to plan careers after graduating from school; (3) Students were able to prepare options for the next level of study. From these data the researchers concluded that symbolic modeling was effective in helping students at SMP Negeri 6 Palangka Raya in planning their careers.
Manajemen Dana Pensiun Syariah
Authors: Norman Efrita , Pahlawati Enah
Published: July 2021

Pension Fund is a legal entity that is independent and separate from the employer, whose function is to manage and run a pension program in accordance with applicable regulations. In this regard, Pension Funds require a separate reporting system from the employer which aims to provide information about Pension Fund finances. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the differences between conventional pension funds and syari'ah pension funds and how to manage pension funds according to syari'ah. The analytical method used by the author is to use a qualitative approach, methodological qualitative research is an approach using deductive thinking in which a series of variables and research results are evidenced by cause and effect thinking, the type of research is literature study where the author in this study collects data with reading journals and books so that you will get accurate data and do in-depth analysis to find and get in-depth information about how to manage pension funds based on the principles of sharia which we now know as Sharia pension funds, the results are the basis of differentiation in pension funds conventional syari'ah is that shari'ah pension funds have several advantages including: having a contract in each transaction, having a shari'ah supervisory board and also when participants are late paying pension contributions they will be subject to permanent penalties. i the proceeds from the punishment funds will be allocated for social activities, so that there is an element of helping (atta'aun) fellow human beings.
Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Musik Berbentuk Cover Song di Media Sosial
Authors: Wiryadi Uyan
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study: 1) To find out copyright violations in the field of music in the form of a cover song by recording through social media connected with Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. 2) To find out the factors that influence copyright violations in the music field in the form of cover songs by recording through social media. The writing of this thesis uses a statute approach, by reviewing amendments to Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and its implications for copyright and its implementation by state institutions and the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendment of Law Number 11 Year 2008 Regarding Information and Electronic Transactions. Results of research conducted by the author: When someone does a cover song through social media without permission from the creator, both for the purpose not for commercial or commercial purposes, it is an infringement of copyright. Factors that influence the occurrence of violations of copyright in Indonesia include: 1) Weak law enforcement against violators. 2) Works on the internet can easily be duplicated and disseminated globally in a short period of time and in large quantities. 3) There is no limit on the place of the offender because a domain name or website can be accessed by anyone globally. 4) Procedures for events between countries in dealing with violations of copyright on the internet, such as to determine who the perpetrators are and when they occur and determine the jurisdiction of violations still vary.