bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quanto tempo de oclusão é necessário para avaliar a pressão inspiratória máxima pelo método da válvula expiratória unidirecional em sujeitos sem via aérea artificial?
Authors: Grams Samantha Torres , Kimoto Karen Yumi Mota , Azevedo Elen Moda de Oliveira , Albuquerque André Luis Pereira de , Brito Christina May Moran , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira
Published: April 2019

RESUMO O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar o tempo de oclusão necessário para avaliar a pressão inspiratória máxima (PIMáx) obtida pelo método da válvula expiratória unidirecional em sujeitos sem via aérea artificial. Foram avaliados 31 sujeitos, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos. A PIMáx foi avaliada pelo método convencional (PIMáxconv) e pelo método da válvula expiratória unidirecional (PIMáxuni), sendo a ordem de avaliação definida por meio de sorteio. Para a medida da PIMáxuni, um manovacuômetro digital foi acoplado a uma válvula expiratória unidirecional e máscara orofacial por 20 segundos de oclusão. Nesse período, todos os sujeitos foram encorajados a realizar esforços inspiratórios máximos. Para definir a ótima duração da manobra, o tempo de esforço foi dividido a cada intervalo de 5 segundos (0-5s, 0-10s, 0-15s, 0-20s). Os intervalos de tempo para obtenção da PIMáxuni foram comparados por meio do teste de ANOVA One-way. Para comparação das médias dos valores de PIMáxconv e PIMáxuni, foi utilizado o teste t de Student. O nível de significância foi de 5%. A média dos valores da PIMáxconv foi de -102,5±23,9 cmH2O, enquanto que a PIMáxuni foi de -117,3±24,8 cmH2O (p<0,001). O valor absoluto máximo da PIMáxuni foi alcançado dentro do intervalo de 0-20 segundos, que foi significativamente superior ao valor absoluto máximo obtido nos primeiros 5 segundos (p=0,036). O tempo de oclusão necessário para avaliar a PIMáx pelo método da válvula expiratória unidirecional em sujeitos colaborativos sem via aérea artificial deve ser de pelo menos 20 segundos.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MIXED METHODS: METHOD OF RESEARCH FOR THE INCORPORATION OF EVIDENCE IN NURSING
Authors: Cardoso Vanessa , Trevisan Ivana , Cicolella Dayane de Aguiar , Waterkemper Roberta
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe some methodological considerations on the Systematic Review of Mixed Methods developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, seeking to disseminate the use of this methodology, exemplifying its use and demonstrating the benefits for nursing research. Method: it is an article of reflection. Result: it can be seen that the Systematic Review of Mixed Methods demonstrates that it is a research method that aligns with the characteristics of nursing care, making it possible to make a broader analysis of the different aspects of care such as: the viability of an activity or intervention, its adequacy to a specific context, the significance of the intervention for the patient and their effectiveness. Conclusion: the possibility of incorporating scientific evidence into the clinical practice by the decision making, increasing the focus of care and bringing benefits to the patients as well as the public policies is envisaged. This method values the context of care, cost-effectiveness and the preferences of patients, caregivers and health care providers.
IT POSSIBLE TO DIE AT HOME? ANALYSIS OF THE BRAZILIAN AND FRENCH SCENARIOS
Authors: Cordeiro Franciele Roberta , Kruse Maria Henriqueta Luce
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and analyze the challenges and the possibilities of the return to the home in palliative care in the Brazilian and French scenarios. Method: ethnographic study conducted in two hospitals, homes and medical-social establishments. Six people in palliative care, four family members and eight health professionals participated in the study. The data were organized through discursive mapping and analyzed from a cultural and Foucaultian perspective. Results: to present the results, two categories were elaborated: Strategies for hospital discharge in palliative care and between the family, the state and justice: barriers to return home. It is evident that, in Brazil and in France, the return to the home is an event that faces resistance from the families. This fact is mainly related to the cultural conceptions that hospital palliative care units are places capable of providing comfort at the end of life, and difficult access to home care programs and services. In both countries, due to the complexity of hospital discharge, families and managers judicialize this process. Conclusion: the return to the home in palliative care depends on the way death is signified in a culture, the family settings and the existence or not of a network of palliative care in the health systems of each country.
The subjective constitution process of a deaf child: a case report
Authors: Lieber Sofia Nery , Freire Regina Maria Ayres de Camargo
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT To discuss the subjective constitution process of a deaf child, through the speech of her hearing mother. It is a longitudinal study comprising a retrospective analysis of the interaction process of the mother-child dyad, based on transcriptions of video material. The main results suggest that the mother responds orally to the demands of her deaf child, placing her in the listener's position and maintaining her discursive position in the interaction. This maternal positioning enables the deaf child to change from someone to whom one speaks, into a speaking subject, being marked by this oral discourse, as it occurs with hearing children.
The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children
Authors: Fernandes Denise Maria Zaratini , Lima Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the parents and teachers views about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in preschool children. Methods: a cross - sectional study with a quantitative analysis. Parents and teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding the deleterious habits of preschool children and signed the Informed Consent Term. At the end, 221questionaries were included. The data were submitted to Chi-square test, Fisher exact and McNemar tests. Results: according to the parents, the most frequent habit was the bottle with 52.04%, followed by the pacifier with 24.09%. According to the teachers, the pacifier was the most frequent one, accounting for 20.36% of cases, followed by the use of bottle (7.69%). In the present sample, 90.95% of the children were breastfed. When related to oral habits, it was observed that the longer the breastfeeding time, the lower the use of pacifiers and bottles. By comparing the questionnaires, it was verified that the parents noticed, more frequently, the oral habits than did the teachers. Conclusion: in the group studied, the parents reported more the presence of deleterious oral habits than did the teachers. It is important that parents, and especially teachers, have information about the harm caused by the prolonged presence of such habits, so that they can encourage their interruption, thus, avoiding possible damages to the stomatognathic system and the performance of orofacial functions.
The performance of elementary public and private school students pre and post phonological intervention
Authors: Silva Cláudia da , Gualberto Betânia Dalbronio , Neves Isadora Morgado Pinheiro
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Purpose: this study aims to compare the performance, pre and post phonological intervention, of 2nd year students in public and private education, with and without learning disabilities. Methods: 30 students from the 2nd year of elementary education, public and private participated in these study, distributed in: GI, GII and GIII, composed of 15 public school students, submitted to pre and post testing and phonological intervention; and GIV, GV and GVI, comprising 15 private school students, submitted to pre and post testing and phonological intervention. In the pre and post testing moment, the Linguistic Cognitive Skills Assessment Protocol Adaptive was performed. For the intervention, the phonological tasks of letter/sound relationship, analysis, synthesis and manipulation of phonemes and syllables were conducted. Results: there was a statistically significant performance for the students submitted to the phonological intervention program of the public and private education, in all skills analyzed. Conclusion: the intervention was effective in both scopes, public and private, however, private school students did better in a greater number of skills analyzed as compared to public school ones, suggesting the influence of the intervention associated with the stimuli offered in the process of schooling.
Maladaptive beliefs as mediators of the relationship between personality traits and Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms
Authors: SALDANHA-SILVA Renata , NUNES Fabio Luiz , REZENDE Helga Alessandra de , MANSUR-ALVES Marcela
Published: April 2019

Abstract The present study analyzes the relationship between maladaptive beliefs, personality traits, and Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms by focusing in the mediating role of beliefs in the prediction between personality and psychiatric disorders. The sample consisted of 823 adults aged between 18 and 39 years (M = 24.09, SD = 4.71), who answered a questionnaire of symptoms and beliefs for Borderline Personality Disorder and Big Five Personality Inventory. The predictive model that fit better to the data indicates Neuroticism and Conscientiousness as predictors of Borderline Personality Disorder symptoms, mediated by maladaptive belief patterns. In this sense, it is possible to conclude that both personality traits and maladaptive beliefs are important for the understanding of Borderline Personality Disorder. The theoretical implications of this result and the limitations of the study are discussed.
Percepções dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca do uso da informatização para segurança do paciente
Authors: Ferreira Andressa Martins Dias , Oliveira João Lucas Campos de , Camillo Nadia Raquel Suzini , Reis Gislene Aparecida Xavier dos , Évora Yolanda Dora Martinez , Matsuda Laura Misue
Published: April 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Conhecer as percepções de profissionais de enfermagem acerca do uso da informatização na promoção da segurança do paciente. MÉTODOS Pesquisa qualitativa realizada em hospital da região Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada em novembro de 2016, por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e entrevistas gravadas, norteadas pela questão: “Fale-me da relação entre informatização e segurança do paciente neste hospital”. Os depoimentos transcritos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin. RESULTADOS Dentre os participantes, 21 eram enfermeiros e 31 eram técnicos de enfermagem. Dos discursos, emergiram as categorias Contribuições da Tecnologia da Informação para a promoção de cuidado seguro e Fragilidades da Tecnologia da Informação: implicações indiretas ao cuidado seguro. CONCLUSÕES Os participantes percebiam o sistema informatizado como recurso que promove mais segurança ao paciente. Contudo, há necessidade de melhorar a infraestrutura e a capacitação técnica da equipe para o manuseio eficaz do sistema.
Cultura de segurança do paciente em centro cirúrgico: visão da enfermagem
Authors: Abreu Ingrid Moura de , Rocha Ruth Cardoso , Avelino Fernanda Valéria Silva Dantas , Guimarães David Bernar Oliveira , Nogueira Lidya Tolstenko , Madeira Maria Zélia de Araújo
Published: April 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a cultura de segurança do paciente a partir da visão da equipe de enfermagem de um centro cirúrgico. MÉTODO Estudo transversal e analítico realizado com 92 profissionais de enfermagem de um centro cirúrgico em um hospital de Teresina-PI, os dados foram coletados de janeiro a junho de 2016, por meio da aplicação do questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Na análise e interpretação dos dados foi seguido as orientações da AHRQ. RESULTADOS A avaliação da segurança do paciente pelos profissionais foi “Regular” (48,9%). A dimensão da cultura de segurança com resultado mais positivo foi “Aprendizado organizacional-melhoria contínua” (58,7%) e com resultados menos positivos foram “Abertura para comunicação” (32,3%) e “Feedback e comunicação sobre erros” (32,6%). CONCLUSÃO Existem áreas problemáticas na cultura de segurança do setor, mostrando que essa cultura precisa ser melhor desenvolvida, com especial atenção às dimensões da cultura que apresentaram avaliação menos positiva.
Risco de quedas em pessoas idosas hospitalizadas
Authors: Falcão Renata Maia de Medeiros , Costa Kátia Neyla de Freitas Macedo , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo , Pontes Maria de Lourdes de Farias , Vasconcelos Josilene de Melo Buriti , Oliveira Jacira dos Santos
Published: April 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar o risco de quedas de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas. MÉTODO Estudo transversal e abordagem quantitativa, realizado em Hospital Universitário do Estado da Paraíba. A amostra configurou-se em 284 idosos entrevistados de abril e outubro de 2016. Utilizou-se a Escala de Morse para avaliar o risco de quedas. RESULTADOS Prevaleceram idosos do sexo masculino (52,5%), com 60 a 69 anos (58,1%) e não alfabetizados (38,7%). Verificou-se que 45% da amostra apresentou alto risco de quedas. Diagnóstico secundário e uso de terapia intravenosa foram os critérios que obtiveram um maior percentual de idosos em risco. Os diuréticos (p≤0,032), a incontinência urinária (p≤0,001), deficit visual (p≤0,001) e a insuficiência cardíaca (p≤0,001) apresentaram associação significativa com o alto risco de quedas. CONCLUSÃO Utilizar ferramentas específicas na prevenção de quedas possibilita melhora na qualidade assistencial baseada em evidências científicas, permitindo intervir de forma eficaz e potencializar a segurança do paciente.
Execução da lista de verificação de segurança cirúrgica em operações pediátricas: avaliação da conformidade
Authors: Almeida Raquel Elisa de , Rodrigues Maria Cristina Soares
Published: April 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar a conformidade da execução da lista de verificação de segurança cirúrgica. MÉTODOS Estudo avaliativo, observacional, transversal e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 431 cirurgias pediátricas, em hospital público do Distrito Federal, entre agosto de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por observação não participante e analisados por estatística descritiva. RESULTADOS O checklist foi realizado em 90,3% das cirurgias, no entanto, a completude do instrumento e a adesão verbal a todos os itens não foram observadas em nenhum procedimento. 95,4% das cirurgias prosseguiram mesmo com a identificação de falhas em processos de segurança. Observou-se checagens inapropriadas, inexatidão do momento de aplicação, execução na ausência de profissionais essenciais e falta de participação ativa. CONCLUSÕES O estudo revelou inconformidades na adesão ao checklist e na execução de práticas seguras, configurando um alerta para o risco sistemático sofrido pelo paciente cirúrgico e para a necessidade de intervenções imediatas.
Cultura de segurança em unidades de terapia intensiva: perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde
Authors: Souza Catharine Silva de , Tomaschewski-Barlem Jamila Geri , Rocha Laurelize Pereira , Barlem Edison Luiz Devos , Silva Thiago Lopes , Neutzling Bruna Ruoso da Silva
Published: April 2019

Resumo OBJETIVO Conhecer a cultura de segurança do paciente em unidades de terapia intensiva. MÉTODO Estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, realizado com cinco médicos, cinco enfermeiros e 24 técnicos de enfermagem atuantes em unidades de terapia intensiva de duas instituições hospitalares do sul do Brasil, uma pública e uma filantrópica. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas no período de setembro e outubro de 2016, analisadas por meio da análise textual discursiva. RESULTADOS Emergiram duas categorias: Percepção sobre o erro e Gestão do erro. CONCLUSÃO Evidenciou-se que os profissionais reconhecem a existência do erro na assistência à saúde e atribuem a sua ocorrência a falhas individuais e do sistema organizacional, além de estimularem uma cultura não punitiva e o aprendizado coletivo.
Agro-climatic zoning of bamboo as a support for crop farming in the central-north region of the Brazilian Savannah
Authors: Battisti Rafael , Casaroli Derblai , Alves Júnior José , Evangelista Adão Wagner Pêgo , Mesquita Marcio
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Bamboo has a huge potential for several uses; however, there are many species with numerous climatic growth requirements. This makes it difficult to characterize the agro-climatic bamboo demands, in order to define areas suitable for its cultivation. This study aimed to quantify the bamboo agro-climatic requirements, as well as to define areas suitable for growth in the central-north region of the Brazilian Savannah. The agro-climatic requirements were defined from averages of the center of origin of the Bambusa vulgaris species, in southwest Asia. The climatic characterization was based on the daily mean, minimum and maximum air temperature, annual rainfall and water deficit, and consecutive months with a rainfall rate lower than 40 mm. These limits were used to define suitable, marginal and unsuitable regions. The optimal range was between 15.14 ºC and 35.33 ºC for mean air temperature, with a lower limit of 12.07 ºC and a higher limit of 38.83 ºC, respectively, for minimum and maximum air temperature. The annual minimum rainfall required was 775 mm, with a maximum annual water deficit of 1,320 mm, and a maximum of eight consecutive months with rainfall of less than 40 mm. Most of the studied region was classified as suitable (74 % of the total area), followed by marginal due to water deficit (12.9 %), unsuitable (8.9 %) and marginal due to air temperature (4.2 %).
Fruit maturation stage on the physiological quality of maroon cucumber seeds
Authors: Silva Cleisson Dener da , David Andréia Márcia Santos de Souza , Figueiredo Josiane Cantuária , Barbosa Jorge Luiz Rodrigues , Alves Rayane Aguiar
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT To obtain seeds of high physiological quality, it is of paramount importance to define the ideal harvest moment, which oftentimes corresponds to the period when the physiological maturity is reached. This experiment aimed to study the maturation process and determine the best harvest season of maroon cucumber fruits (Liso Gibão cultivar), in order to reach the maximum physiological seed quality. The flowers were labeled during the anthesis and the fruits harvested at 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days after the anthesis (DAA). The fruits had their visual aspects registered by photography analysis and, later, the seeds were extracted for physical (water and dry matter contents) and physiological (germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity) analyses. It was observed that the seeds reach the maximum dry mass (8.08 mg seed-1) between 47 and 49 DAA. However, the seed physiological maturity, characterized by a maximum germination (70 %) and vigor, occurs at 56 DDA. The best season to harvest seeds with a higher physiological quality takes place from 49 to 56 DDA, when the fruits present a yellowish color.
Fungicide application technology for controlling the sugarcane orange rust
Authors: Alves Thales Cassemiro , Cunha João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da , Tavares Rafael Marcão , Alves Guilherme Sousa , Silva Sérgio Macedo
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT With the epidemic onset of the sugarcane orange rust, fungicide applications of the Strobilurins and Triazoles groups have become necessary in susceptible varieties. This study aimed at evaluating the operational conditions of fungicide application in sugarcane (SP81-3250 variety), in relation to the spray deposition on the upper canopy and the effectiveness of the orange rust control. Treatments consisted of two application volumes (30 L ha-1 or 40 L ha-1) and three nozzle deflection angles (0 º, 90 º or 135 º), plus a ground application at the rate of 200 L ha-1, sprayed with a uniform flat spray nozzle of air induction. The ground application resulted in the smallest and the greatest spray deposition on sugarcane leaves and on the soil, respectively. The aerial application at the rate of 30 L ha-1, sprayed by hollow cone nozzles, at a deflection angle of 135 º, provided the best sugarcane orange rust control.
Physical-mechanical properties of laminated bamboo panels
Authors: Rusch Fernando , Trevisan Rômulo , Hillig Éverton , Mustefaga Erick Chagas
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Bamboo is a material used on a global scale in several areas. However, it needs adaptation in the processes for industrial use, in Brazil. The production of glued laminated panels has been growing in the world and this material can be a source of resources for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of laminated bamboo panels produced with two species (Phyllostachys aurea and Dendrocalamus asper) and two production processes/adhesives (glued-laminated bamboo and thermo-mechanical laminated bamboo). For the mechanical properties analysis, specimens removed from the panels were subjected to shear tests, Janka hardness and static bending. The same specimens were used to determine the apparent density, moisture content and degree of compression. The apparent density varied between 0.75 g cm-3 and 0.79 g cm-3, with equilibrium moisture contents between 7.83 % and 10.42 %. The highest values for the mechanical properties were verified in the thermo-mechanical laminated process. For D. asper, the modulus of rupture was 146.8 MPa, the shear glued line 6.36 MPa and the Janka hardness 3,852 N, while, for P. aurea, the modulus of elasticity reached 19,603 MPa. It was concluded that the production of bamboo laminated panels, especially using the thermo-mechanical process, can be a potential alternative.
Silicon accumulation and its effect on agricultural traits and anthracnose incidence in lignocellulosic sorghum
Authors: Lima Diego Tolentino de , Sampaio Marcus Vinicius , Albuquerque Carlos Juliano Brant , Pereira Hamilton Seron , Martins Weslei Geraldo
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Silicon (Si) accumulation in plants may reduce yield losses by inducing resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the Si accumulation by lignocellulosic sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in a greenhouse experiment, as well as the effect of its application on agricultural traits and on the induction of resistance against anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) in a field experiment. Sixteen sorghum genotypes were evaluated in a greenhouse for their response to silicate fertilization, receiving either 0 kg ha-1 or 261 kg ha-1 of Si, measuring the Si concentration in the sorghum shoots. Four genotypes that were responsive to Si fertilization were tested in the field, receiving either 0 kg ha-1 or 400 kg ha-1 of Si, being evaluated the Si concentration on the leaves, plant height, lodging percentage, anthracnose disease severity, grain yield and plant fresh and dry matter. The response of sorghum to Si fertilization in the greenhouse varied with the genotype and, of the 16 genotypes evaluated, 12 were responsive, accumulating more Si after the fertilization with this element. All four genotypes tested in the field were responsive, but no effect of Si was observed on grain yield or on sorghum fresh and dry matter production. However, the soil Si application reduced the plant lodging and anthracnose severity ratings in sorghum.
DIFFERENT RESPONSE TO EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTANTS IN GIRLS AND BOYS
Authors: Menezes Renata Armani de Moura , Pavanitto Drielle Rezende , Nascimento Luiz Fernando Costa
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the association between exposure to fine particulate matter and hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases in children up to ten years of age in the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, stratifying the analysis by sex and calculating excess costs. Methods: Ecological study of time series. The dependent variable was daily hospitalizations according to the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD10): J04.0, J12.0 to J18.9, J20.0 to J21.9 and J45.0 to J45.0. The independent variables were the concentration of fine particulate, estimated by a mathematical model, temperature and relative air humidity, controlled by short and long-term trends. Generalized additive model of Poisson regression was used. Relative risks, proportional attributable risk (PAR) and excess hospitalizations and their respective costs by the population attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated. Results: 1,165 children were hospitalized, 640 males and 525 females. The mean concentration, estimated by the mathematical model, was 15.1±2.9 mcg/m3 for PM2.5. For boys, there was no significant association; for girls a relative risk of up to 1.04 of daily hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases was observed for exposure to PM 2.5 in lags 1, 2 and 6. Increase of 5 µg/m3 in these concentrations increased the percentage of the risk in 18%; with an excess 95 hospital admissions and with excess expenses in the order of US$ 35 thousand. Conclusions: Significant effect in daily hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases related to exposure to fine particulate matter was noted for girls, suggesting the need for stratification by sex in further studies.
Internationalization and Language Policies in Brazil: What is the Relationship?
Authors: Guimarães Felipe Furtado , Finardi Kyria Rebeca , Casotti Janayna Bertollo Cozer
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT The article reflects on the relationship between the internationalization of higher education and language policies in Brazil. The study provides a review of language policy literature and internationalization policies materialized in national programs, such as the Science without Borders (SwB) and the Languages without Borders (LwB). The analysis of internationalization policies suggests that language policies are at the core of the internationalization agenda, concerning the role of English in this process; however, the role of other foreign/additional languages (L2s) still seems to be disconnected, whereby other languages lack funding and alignment with solid language policies at all educational levels. The analysis of language policies reveals the need to think about the role of L2s at different educational levels as well as in multilingualism in Brazil and in the internationalization of higher education.
Additive and Non-additive Biomass Equations for Black Wattle
Authors: Behling Alexandre , Péllico Netto Sylvio , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Corte Ana Paula Dalla , Simon Augusto Arlindo , Rodrigues Aurélio Lourenço , Caron Braulio Otomar
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT The objectives of this work were to propose additive equations for biomass components (stem and crown) and total biomass for black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild.) and show the inconsistency of independently adjusted biomass equations. Two procedures were used to fit nonlinear equations of biomass: i) independent and ii) systems of equations. The second procedure, defined by the application of the seemingly unrelated regression model, has better biological and statistical properties to estimate allometric equations of biomass components and total biomass when compared with the independent estimation. An effective property of this procedure is the additivity, i.e., the estimates of component biomass are compatible with those of total biomass. Independent fitted adjusted equations do not consider the dependence between the biomass components, thus, besides the estimates being non-additive, which is an undesirable property, they will result in estimates with larger variance.
Curas e terapêuticas espirituais no Brasil: revisão crítica e algumas reflexões
Authors: Valente Tania Cristina de Oliveira , Dias Davi James , Marras Stelio Alessandro
Published: April 2019

A despeito dos trânsitos oficiosos entre terapêuticas científicas e não científicas, identifica-se de forma empírica um desconhecimento científico e acadêmico de terapêuticas e curas que, de modo geral, respondem pelo epíteto de “espiritual”. Supõe-se que haja no Brasil uma abundância de eventos deste tipo, dos quais provavelmente há registros. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão integrativa de relatos acadêmicos de curas espirituais publicados por autores brasileiros. Identificaram-se 22 estudos, a maioria pesquisas etnográficas em contextos religiosos, realizadas por pesquisadores da área das Ciências Sociais, seguida das Ciências das Religiões, da área da Saúde (Saúde Coletiva, Enfermagem, Medicina e Psicologia), que utilizaram o conceito de eficácia simbólica para a compreensão desses fenômenos. Tais achados ressaltam a urgência de abordagens transdisciplinares que possam superar a dicotomia expressiva do recorte ideológico entre natureza e cultura.
Detection of Somaclonal Variation in Micropropagated and Acclimatized Plantlets of Oryza sativa MRQ 74 from Stem Explants
Authors: SALEH A. , TAHA R.M. , MAHMAD N. , ELIAS H. , HAMID H.A.A.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: In plant tissue culture system, the excessive supply of plant growth hormones may inhibit further growth and development of the regenerants and sometimes it may induce somaclonal variation. In this study, the optimum concentration of plant growth hormones for in vitro regeneration of Oryza sativa L. cv. MRQ 74 was identified and subsequently the occurrence of somaclonal variation of regenerated plantlets was determined through cytological analysis of in vivo and in vitro grown plantlets. MS media supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 BAP in combination with 0.1 mg L-1 NAA was found to be the optimum concentration for shoots and roots induction of Oryza sativa L. cv. MRQ 74. Plantlets derived from MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D showed higher survival rate than that of MS media supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 BAP in combination with 0.1 mg L-1 NAA. The plant height, number of leaf, leaf length and number of seeds per stalk of acclimatized plants were significantly lower (p<0.05) as compared with plants grown in vivo. Cytological analysis of in vivo and in vitro grown Oryza sativa L. cv. MRQ 74 revealed that the presence of 2,4-D in the culture media had significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) and increased the ploidy level of the cell nuclei. The findings of the present study would be useful for plant breeders and biotechnologist since somaclonal variation provides a useful source of genetic variation for crop productivity and quality improvement.
Influence of Phenology and Post-Harvest Processing of Vegetal Material on the Allelopathy of Annoni Grass (Eragrostis plana) Extracts
Authors: SCHEFFER-BASSO S.M. , FIORENTIN F. Jr. R. , FAVARETTO A.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: The phenological stage, post-harvest processing and quantity of material can interfere in the allelopathic activity of extracts. The objective of this study is to test the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of the leaves of Annoni grass (Eragrostis plana), an invader of natural pastures. Twelve extracts were prepared by combining the phenological stage of the plants when harvesting the leaves (vegetative; flowering), post-harvest processing before extraction (fresh; dry at 40 oC), and the amount of plant material (5, 15, and 25 g 100 mL-1 distilled water). Two bioassays were conducted in a germination chamber, with evaluation of germination and growth of seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and white clover (Trifolium repens). The extracts with higher allelopathic activity were further developed with 15 and 25 g of dried leaves and harvested in plants at the vegetative stage. Germination was attributed to being the greatest contribution to the divergence between the extracts. White clover was more sensitive to extracts, for which 50% to 67% of the extracts were effectively allelopathic (≥50% inhibition); in lettuce, between 8% and 58% of the extracts exhibited this potential. The phenological stage was the factor with a greater individual effect on the allelopathic activity on lettuce and white clover seedlings, and on lettuce germination. The post-harvest processing responded by the greater variation on germination and germination speed index of white clover. The sensitivity of the white clover to extracts of Annoni grass suggests a compromise of its establishment in pastures with the presence of the invader.
Pre-Harvest Desiccation in Productivity and Physiological Quality of Cowpea Seeds
Authors: ASSIS M.O. , ARAUJO E.F. , FREITAS F.C.L. , SILVA L.J. , ARAUJO R.F.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: Pre-harvest desiccation is an important strategy to anticipate harvesting, preventing the seed from being left in the field in unfavorable climatic conditions. However, little is known about the use of desiccants and their application times on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of desiccant application at different seasons and of desiccant herbicides on productivity and physiological quality of cowpea seeds. Five dessicants were evaluated: paraquat, paraquat sequential application, glufosinate- ammonium, glyphosate with sequential application of paraquat and paraquat + diuron mixture applied in four seasons: 50% of the pods with green coloration and with seeds formed (season I); 70% of the pods in the purple coloration (season II), 90% of the pods in the coloration brown (season III) and 100% of the pods in the coloration brown (season IV), plus a control without the application of desiccants, in which harvesting was performed when 100% of the pods were brown. The number of days of anticipation of harvest, productivity, uniformity test, mass of one hundred seeds, germination and vigor of the seeds were evaluated. None of desiccation strategies affect the physiological seed quality, independent of the application season. The desquaments paraquat, glufosinate-ammonium and the paraquat+diuron mixture, when applied in seasons I and II, provided anticipation of the harvest in up to 13 days and 9 days, respectively, however, the size of the seeds and consequently the productivity were affected.
Phytotoxic Potential of the Crude Extract and Leaf Fractions of Machaerium hirtum on the Initial Growth of Euphorbia heterophylla And Ipomoea grandifolia
Authors: XIMENEZ G.R. , SANTIN S.M.O. , IGNOATO M.C. , SOUZA L.A. , PASTORINI L.H.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: Allelopathy is the term used to define any process involving secondary metabolites produced by plants and microorganisms that influence growth and development of agrobiological systems. Currently, it is sought to find allelochemicals of interest and know how to apply them in bio-herbicides to combat weeds. In this study, the effects of the crude leaf extract and fractions of Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld were analyzed on Euphorbia heterophylla L. (wild poinsettia) and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell (morning glory), as well as the occurrence of morphoanatomical changes. For this, 0.04 g of the crude extract and fractions were solubilized and diluted (50 mL) to concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g L-1 (m/v). Initial growth tests were performed on Petri dishes containing two paper sheets and seedlings of weed species with the respective treatments, being maintained in a germination chamber for 48 hours at 25 oC. Distilled water was used as a control. Shoot and root length was assessed in the initial growth. The percentage of inhibition was calculated based on the values obtained in the initial growth bioassays. Morphologically altered wild poinsettia seedlings were fixed and sectioned transversely for anatomical analysis. The results indicated significant changes in length, being wild poinsettia seedlings more sensitive when compared to those of morning glory. Morphologically altered seedlings presented root necrosis as the most frequent symptom. Anatomically, parenchymatic cells of the hypocotyl and roots of wild poinsettia seedlings presented smaller and irregularly shaped cells when compared to the control, causing significant reductions in the measured parameters.
Residual Activity of Diclosulam Applied to Soybean on Cotton Crop in Succession
Authors: MATTE W.D. , CAVALIERI S.D. , PEREIRA C.S. , IKEDA F.S. , COSTA W.B.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: The application of alternative herbicides to replace glyphosate can affect the succession cropping due to the persistence in the soil. The aim of this work was to evaluate the residual activity of diclosulam applied to a pre-emergence soybean crop on a cotton plant grown in succession. The present study used a randomized complete block design with five replicates and seven doses of diclosulam (0, 2.19, 4.38, 8.75, 17.5, 35 and 70 g a.i. ha-1). The cotton was sown 112 days after application of the herbicide, with accumulated rainfall of 637 mm during the soybean cycle. Variables related to photosynthetic characteristics, phytointoxication, growth, components of production and productivity were evaluated in both crops. Diclosulam did not affect the soybean cultivar M7739 IPRO. The residual activity of diclosulam (35 g ha-1) on cotton caused phytointoxication at a rate of 5% at 14, 20 and 27 days after sowing (DAS). However, the components of production, productivity and the cotton fiber quality were not affected up to 70 g ha-1 of diclosulam.
Estimation of Sulfentrazone Leaching in Isolated Application and in Mixture with Glyphosate
Authors: LANGARO A.C. , BARROS J.P.A. , SOUZA M.F. , SILVA E.M.G. , SILVA A.A.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: As an alternative to control of resistant biotypes, farmers have resorted to the use of herbicides that have residual soil activity and good pre-emergence action. One of the most used mixtures in Brazil is that of sulfentrazone + glyphosate. When a herbicide has a pre-emergence action, small leaching of its molecules is necessary for its superficial incorporation into the soil, where most of the weed seeds are found. However, if excessive leaching occurs, the herbicide may have reduced efficiency in controlling weed, increasing the risks of groundwater contamination. In this study, sulfentrazone leaching was evaluated in columns with soil, in isolated applications and in mixture with formulations of glyphosate (Roundup Ready®, Roundup Ultra® and Zapp Qi®). For this, the columns were filled with samples of Red-Yellow Latosol, collected in the 0-20 cm depth layer. After moistening the columns to near field capacity, the herbicides were applied to the top and, 24 hours later, a 60 mm rainfall was simulated. After 72 hours, the columns were sectioned in 5 cm segments, collecting the soil from each segment. In these samples, indicator plants (Sorghum bicolor) were cultivated for the presence of the herbicide. It is concluded that, in general, glyphosate does not alter the leaching potential of sulfentrazone in the Red-Yellow Latosol. However, mixtures with Roundup Ready® and Zapp Qi® reduce the sorptive forces of sulfentrazone to soil colloids. Therefore, in some types of soil, herbicide desorption may occur with greater intensity, making its availability in the soil solution more difficult. This may result in better control of plants and/or intoxication of sensitive crops.
Allelopathic Potential of Sorghum bicolor at Different Phenological Stages
Authors: ZUCARELI V. , COELHO E.M.P. , FERNANDES W.V. , PERES E.M. , STRACIERI J.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract of the shoot of Sorghum bicolor at different phenological stages on seed germination and initial growth of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) seedlings, which is considered a bioindicator species. The experiment was carried out at five development stages of S. bicolor (40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after emergence), which was used as aqueous extract at six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) applied in four replications per treatment in 10 or 50 kale seeds per plot. The percentage of germination, germination rate index, root growth, shoot length, and dry matter of kale seedlings were analyzed in the presence of this extract on different days of collection and concentrations. The aqueous extract of S. bicolor presented an allelopathic effect on germination and initial growth of kale seeds, with a higher inhibitory effect when more concentrated extracts from pre-flowering plants were used, which corresponds to 60 days after emergence. Thus, this stage should be recommended in the use of S. bicolor straw to help in controlling weeds.
Winter Species Promote Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Protox-Inhibiting Herbicides
Authors: ALVES C. , GALON L. , WINTER F.L. , BASSO F.J.M. , HOLZ C.M. , KAIZER R.R. , PERIN G.F.
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: Phytoremediation comprises one of the main forms of decontamination of organic and inorganic substances in the soil, being economically viable and with a low environmental impact. The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of winter plant species in the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with fomesafen and sulfentrazone using cucumber as an indicator species to the presence of residue. The experimental design was a completely randomized design arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications for each herbicide. Factor A consisted of the phytoremediator species black oats, garden vetch, radish, bird’s-foot trefoil, white lupine, and a treatment without prior cultivation. Factor B, on the other hand, consisted of the doses of fomesafen (0.000, 0.125, 0.250, and 0.500 kg h-1) or sulfentrazone (0.000, 0.300, 0.600 and 1,200 kg ha-1) applied in crop pre-emergence. At 45 days after sowing, the phytoremediator species were cut close to the soil. Subsequently, the bioindicator species of herbicide residues in the soil (cucumber) was sown in the pot. Phytotoxicity of herbicides to cucumber plants was assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after emergence (DAE). At 28 DAE, leaf area, height, and dry matter were determined in the bioindicator plant. Fomesafen and sulfentrazone doses interfered negatively with the assessed variables of cucumber when cultivated in succession to phytoremediator species. Cucumber phytotoxicity increased for all potential phytoremediator species as fomesafen and sulfentrazone doses increased. Sulfentrazone residues promoted the highest toxic effects on the bioindicator plant when compared to fomesafen. In general, black oats, radish, and white lupine were the species with the highest capacity to phytoremediate soil contaminated with fomesafen and sulfentrazone when applying the dose and twice the recommended doses of the herbicides.
A Universidade em 2022
Authors: MARCOVITCH JACQUES
Published: April 2019

RESUMO Trataremos neste artigo de três temas distintos e convergentes. O primeiro deles é claramente proativo. Expõe-se inicialmente o projeto Desempenho Acadêmico e Comparações Internacionais, cuja fundamentação foi delineada em obra coletiva recentemente publicada, com a participação de colaboradores vinculados a USP, Unicamp e Unesp. O segundo tema aborda o entorno das universidades em profunda transformação e os desafios decorrentes dessas mudanças. Já o terceiro tema tem abordagem reativa, uma vez que se opõe a uma cogitada (e nebulosa) descaracterização da universidade pública e seu modelo de ensino superior e pesquisa.
A intelectualidade paulista, o Manifesto dos Pioneiros e a Universidade de São Paulo em sua primeira “missão”
Authors: BOTO CARLOTA
Published: April 2019

RESUMO Este artigo pretende fazer um recorte, uma retomada de alguma bibliografia sobre o tema no Brasil, para fundamentalmente pontuar dois casos específicos: o primeiro deles, o já tão estudado Manifestos dos pioneiros da educação nova, como expressão da dimensão nacional do problema pedagógico em 1932; e o segundo caso, em 1934, que foi a ocasião em que as elites culturais paulistas pretenderam dar um tom internacional à recém-criada Universidade de São Paulo, convidando - para integrar seus quadros - um conjunto significativo de professores estrangeiros. Nesse sentido, buscar-se-á lidar com esse duplo esquadro, tendo em vista averiguar os modos pelos quais a ideia de universidade e o projeto de universidade apareciam no discurso e nas ações de intelectuais paulistas e estrangeiros no início dos anos 1930. As fontes documentais a serem manuseadas são o próprio documento da A reconstrução educacional no Brasil: ao povo e ao governo - manifesto dos pioneiros da educação nova, bem como publicações que reuniam material da imprensa sobre a escola e a educação, organizadas pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo.
Desequilíbrio financeiro, missões da universidade e avaliação - Autorreflexão na USP
Authors: TERRA RICARDO
Published: April 2019

RESUMO O presente artigo é composto de duas partes: na primeira, retomo alguns temas que foram se consolidando em diversos estudos publicados recentemente sobre a Universidade de São Paulo; na segunda, busco organizar parte desse debate e pensar alguns desafios que a USP terá que continuar a enfrentar.
O último trem para Alexandria
Authors: BEVILACQUA LUIZ
Published: April 2019

RESUMO A revolução industrial iniciada com o apoio do desenvolvimento científico do século XVIII introduziu modificações na estrutura social em todo o mundo. Artesãos foram dispensados, sendo a produção industrial transferida para os grandes complexos fabris. Países que não foram capazes de acompanhar a nova estrutura de produção, nem de privilegiar o conhecimento e a criatividade foram dominados e ficaram sujeitos a uma dependência socioeconômica que se prolonga até hoje. Nos nossos dias, está em marcha a “revolução cultural” sustentada pela tecnologia. Várias universidades vão ser descontinuadas, serão criados grandes centros transnacionais de produção científica e cultural, vários professores, os artesãos dos tempos modernos, serão dispensados e o aprendizado vai recorrer ao auxílio da rede de informação instalada no planeta. Estamos prestes a sermos engolidos pela nova revolução. Há saídas, mas precisamos de coragem, ousadia e muito trabalho em uma rede de cooperação nacional.
Aspectos de regulação internacional do petróleo: o caso Brasil
Authors: CHEDID THAIZ DA SILVA VESCOVI , SANTOS EDMILSON MOUTINHO DOS
Published: April 2019

RESUMO O presente trabalho tem por objeto abordar os aspectos de regulação internacional do petróleo, mais precisamente aqueles previstos na Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o direito do mar de 1982, que definem a obrigatoriedade do pagamento de royalties às Nações Unidas advindos da exploração dos hidrocarbonetos nas plataformas estendidas. Utiliza o método dedutivo e o tipo de pesquisa exploratório e comparativo, o artigo dividiu-se em três capítulos. Após introduzir o leitor ao tema, abordando-se as particularidades do direito do mar e seu viés de exploração econômica, os autores discorrem sobre a questão com uma dimensão da regulação quase sempre ausente da formulação de políticas energéticas. Essa discussão é apresentada a partir do estudo de caso do Brasil. Para tanto, cuida de apresentar a importância do setor petrolífero e o histórico da exploração offshore no Brasil. Adentra-se em seguida a temática da distribuição dos royalties entre o estado nacional e as nações unidas. No desenvolvimento da questão são trazidos à tona o possíveis cenários entre o futuro da exploração petrolífera no Brasil e os resultados da aplicação da regulação internacional pela Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar de 1982. Por fim, chegou-se à conclusão de que algumas plataformas de petróleo já estão localizadas próximas do limite das 200 milhas marítimas e o polígono do pré-sal também encontra-se adentrando as 200 milhas marítimas, o que demonstra uma necessidade de uma abordagem imparcial sobre os prós e contras do posicionamento brasileiro, analisando os possíveis cenários futuros.