bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Hydrazone Derivatives of Quinoline and Their Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes againstMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Mandewale Mustapha C. , Thorat Bapu , Shelke Dnyaneshwar , Yamgar Ramesh
Published: November 2015

A new series of quinoline hydrazone derivatives and their metal complexes have been synthesized and their biological properties have been evaluated againstMycobacterium tuberculosis(H37 RV strain). Most of the newly synthesized compounds displayed 100% inhibitory activity at a concentration of 6.25–25 μg/mL, againstMycobacterium tuberculosis. Fluorescence properties of all the synthesized compounds have been studied.
Systemic Inflammatory Markers Are Closely Associated with Atherogenic Lipoprotein Subfractions in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Sha , Xu Rui-Xia , Zhu Cheng-Gang , Guo Yuan-Lin , Wu Na-Qiong , Sun Jing , Li Jian-Jun
Published: November 2015

Objective. To investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers and atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions. Methods. We studied 520 eligible subjects who were not receiving any lipid‐lowering therapy. The inflammatory markers including white blood cell (WBC) count, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and D‐dimer were measured. A multimarker inflammatory index was developed. Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) separation processes were performed using Lipoprint System. Results. In age‐ and sex‐adjusted analysis, several inflammatory markers (WBC count, hs‐CRP, fibrinogen, and ESR) were positively related to circulating non‐HDL cholesterol and remnant cholesterol (p < 0.05, all). Among lipoprotein subfractions, we observed a positive association of inflammatory markers with very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, small LDL cholesterol, and LDL score (p < 0.05, all). Meanwhile, a negative association was detected between inflammatory markers and mean LDL particle size (p < 0.05) or large HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found that the relationships between multimarker index quartiles and small LDL cholesterol, LDL score, and mean LDL particle size were slightly stronger in patients with CAD. Conclusions. Systemic inflammatory markers are positively correlated with small LDL cholesterol and LDL score while being negatively linked with mean LDL particle size and large HDL cholesterol, highlighting the potential contribution to increased cardiovascular risk.
Impact of Coronary Collateral Circulation on In-Hospital Death in Patients with Inferior ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yaylak Baris , Altintas Bernas , Ede Huseyin , Baysal Erkan , Akyuz Sukru , Bilge Onder , Sevuk Utkan , Erdogan Guney , Ciftci Haci
Published: November 2015

Objectives. Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) may limit the size of right ventricular (RV) infarcts but does not fully explain the relationship between CCC and clinical adverse events in patients with inferior STEMI. In this study, it was aimed to assess the relationship between preintervention angiographic evidence of CCC and clinical outcomes in patients with inferior STEMI who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods. A total of 235 inferior STEMI patients who presented within the first 12 hours from the symptom onset were included. CCC to the right coronary artery (RCA) before angioplasty were angiographically assessed, establishing two groups: 147 (63%) patients without CCC and 88 (37%) with CCC according to presence of CCC.Results. RV infarction, complete atrioventricular block, VT/VF, cardiogenic shock, and in-hospital death were noted less frequently in patients with CCC than in those without CCC. Absence of CCC to RCA was found to be the independent predictor for in-hospital death among them (odds ratio 4.0, 95% CI 1.8–12.6;p=0.03).Conclusion. Presence of angiographically detectable CCC was associated with better in-hospital outcomes including RV infarction, complete AV block, cardiogenic shock, and VT/VF in patients with inferior STEMI.
Highly Sensitive Immunochromatographic Identification of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Milk
Authors: Taranova N. A. , Kruhlik A. S. , Zvereva E. A. , Shmanai V. V. , Vashkevich I. I. , Semyonov D. A. , Eremin S. A. , Zherdev A. V. , Dzantiev B. B.
Published: November 2015

A rapid immunochromatographic assay was developed for the control of tetracycline (TC). The assay is based on the competition between immobilized TC-protein conjugate and TC in a tested sample for binding with polyclonal anti-TC antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold during the flow of the sample along a membrane strip with immobilized reactants. Conjugation of colloidal gold and the total immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction of polyclonal antibodies was used to increase the assay sensitivity to ensure low content of specific antibodies in the conjugate. This allowed effective inhibition of free TC and conjugate binding in the strip test zone. Photometric marker registration allows control of the reduction of binding, thereby enhancing detection sensitivity. The proposed assay allows TC to be detected at concentrations up to 20 ng/mL, exceeding the limit of detection of the known analogues, in a wide working range (more than two orders) of 60 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL, ensured through the use of polyclonal antibodies. The assay time is 10 min. The efficiency of the designed assay is shown to identify TC in milk; the degree of recovery of TC ranges from 90 to 112%. The precision of the concentrations measurements was no more than 10%.
MicroRNA‐208a Dysregulates Apoptosis Genes Expression and Promotes Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis during Ischemia and Its Silencing Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tony Hasahya , Meng Kai , Wu Bangwei , Yu Aijia , Zeng Qiutang , Yu Kunwu , Zhong Yucheng
Published: November 2015

Aims. miR‐208a is associated with adverse outcomes in several cardiac pathologies known to have increased apoptosis, including myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated if miR‐208a has proapoptotic effects on ischemic cardiomyocytes and if its silencing has therapeutic benefits in MI. Methods and Results. The effect of miR‐208a on apoptosis during ischemia was studied in cultured neonatal mice myocytes transfected with agomir or antagomir. Differential gene expression was assessed using microarrays. MI was induced in male C57BL/6 mice randomly assigned to antagomir (n = 6) or control group (n = 7), while sham group (n = 7) had sham operation done. Antagomir group received miR208a antagomir, while control and sham group mice received vehicle only. At 7 and 28 days, echocardiography was done and thereafter hearts were harvested for analysis of apoptosis by TUNEL method, fibrosis using Masson’s trichrome, and hypertrophy using hematoxylin and eosin. miR‐208a altered apoptosis genes expression and increased apoptosis in ischemic cardiomyocytes. Therapeutic inhibition of miR‐208a decreased cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, and apoptosis and significantly improved cardiac function 28 days after MI. Conclusion. miR‐208a alters apoptosis genes expression and promotes apoptosis in ischemic cardiomyocytes, and its silencing attenuates apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy after MI, with significant improvement in cardiac function.
Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width as Markers in the Diagnosis of Acute Gangrenous Appendicitis
Authors: Fan Zhe , Pan Jiyong , Zhang Yingyi , Wang Ziyi , Zhu Ming , Yang Baoshun , Shi Lei , Jing Huirong
Published: November 2015

Introduction.Acute gangrenous appendicitis (AGA) is a common medical condition; however, the grade of appendicitis usually cannot be established preoperatively. We have attempted to identify some indicators, such as the mean platelet volume (MPV) and the platelet distribution width (PDW), to diagnose AGA.Aims.To evaluate whether or not the MPV and PDW are suitable markers to diagnose AGA.Methods.A retrospective study of 160 patients with AGA and 160 healthy patients was undertaken. Disease diagnosis was confirmed based on the pathologic examination of surgical specimens. Patient white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil ratio (NR), platelet (PLT) count, MPV, PDW, and hematocrit (HCT) were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these indices in AGA.Results.There were no significant differences between the AGA and control groups in age and gender. Compared to the control group, the WBC count, NR, and PDW were significantly higher (P<0.001, resp.) and the MPV and HCT were significantly lower (P<0.001, resp.) in the AGA group. The diagnostic specificities of the WBC count, NR, PLT count, MPV, PDW, and HCT were 86.3%, 92.5%, 58.1%, 81.7%, 83.9%, and 66.3%, respectively. Therefore, the NR had the highest diagnostic specificity for the diagnosis of AGA.Conclusions.This is the first study to assess the MPV and PDW in patients with AGA. Our present study showed that the MPV is reduced and the PDW is increased in patients with AGA; the sensitivity of PDW was superior to the MPV. A decreased MPV value and an increased PDW could serve as two markers to diagnose AGA. The NR had the highest specificity for the diagnosis of AGA.
Novel Second-Order Accurate Implicit Numerical Methods for the Riesz Space Distributed-Order Advection-Dispersion Equations
Authors: Wang X. , Liu F. , Chen X.
Published: November 2015

We derive and analyze second-order accurate implicit numerical methods for the Riesz space distributed-order advection-dispersion equations (RSDO-ADE) in one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) cases, respectively. Firstly, we discretize the Riesz space distributed-order advection-dispersion equations into multiterm Riesz space fractional advection-dispersion equations (MT-RSDO-ADE) by using the midpoint quadrature rule. Secondly, we propose a second-order accurate implicit numerical method for the MT-RSDO-ADE. Thirdly, stability and convergence are discussed. We investigate the numerical solution and analysis of the RSDO-ADE in 1D case. Then we discuss the RSDO-ADE in 2D case. For 2D case, we propose a new second-order accurate implicit alternating direction method, and the stability and convergence of this method are proved. Finally, numerical results are presented to support our theoretical analysis.
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Supplementation Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats through Transcriptional and Nontranscriptional Mechanisms
Authors: Yida Zhang , Imam Mustapha Umar , Ismail Maznah , Ismail Norsharina , Azmi Nur Hanisah , Wong Waiteng , Altine Adamu Hadiza , Md Zamri Nur Diyana , Ideris Aini , Abdullah Maizaton Atmadini
Published: November 2015

N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is a biomarker of cardiometabolic diseases. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary Neu5Ac may improve cardiometabolic indices. A high fat diet (HFD) + Neu5Ac (50 or 400 mg/kg BW/day) was fed to rats and compared with HFD + simvastatin (10 mg/kg BW/day) or HFD alone for 12 weeks. Weights and serum biochemicals (lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin) were measured, and mRNA levels of insulin signaling genes were determined. The results indicated that low and high doses of sialic acid (SA) improved metabolic indices, although only the oral glucose tolerance test, serum triglycerides, leptin, and adiponectin were significantly better than those in the HFD and HFD + simvastatin groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that only high-dose SA significantly affected the transcription of hepatic and adipose tissue insulin signaling genes. The data suggested that SA prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance in rats after 12 weeks of administration through nontranscriptionally mediated biochemical changes that may have differentially sialylated glycoprotein structures at a low dose. At higher doses, SA induced transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling genes. These effects suggest that low and high doses of SA may produce similar metabolic outcomes in relation to insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms. These findings are worth studying further.
New Approach to Enrich Pasta with Polyphenols from Grape Marc
Authors: Marinelli V. , Padalino L. , Nardiello D. , Del Nobile M. A. , Conte A.
Published: November 2015

Food industry produces significant amount of waste that represents a problem for the sector. However, by-products are also promising sources of compounds which may be reused for their nutritional properties. The aim of this work is to exploit wine-making by-products, obtaining an extract by ultrasound-assisted extraction only using water as solvent. The characteristics of spaghetti enriched with grape marc were assessed and compared to control samples. In particular, total phenolic and flavonoids contents, the antioxidant activity, the cooking quality, and the sensory acceptability were evaluated at various steps of pasta production. The enriched spaghetti showed higher total phenolic and flavonoids contents and higher antioxidant activity than the control pasta. In addition, low cooking losses were found. In terms of sensory properties fortified pasta is acceptable as the traditional product, thus demonstrating that it is possible to exploit food waste to better satisfy consumer demand for healthy food products in a more sustainable perspective.
Low Threshold, Wide Dynamic Range, Tunable, All-Optical Self-Modulator Based on Fano Resonance and Out-of-Plane Coupling in a Slab Photonic Crystal with a Graphene Layer
Authors: Asadi Reza , Ouyang Zhengbiao
Published: November 2015

We demonstrate an all-optical modulator based on self-modulation in a one-dimensional slab photonic crystal (PhC) by using optical Kerr nonlinearity of graphene and Fano resonance effect. It has been shown that the effect of Fano resonance in a one-dimensional slab PhC for intensity enhancement can provide low threshold (~1 MW/cm2), high frequency (>1 THz), and wide dynamic range (>3 THz) tunability for the all-optical self-modulator. Such a self-modulator can find applications in optical pulse generations, optical clocks, frequency shifting, and so forth.
Probabilistic Structural Integrity Analysis of Boiling Water Reactor Pressure Vessel under Low Temperature Overpressure Event
Authors: Chou Hsoung-Wei , Huang Chin-Cheng
Published: November 2015

The probabilistic structural integrity of a Taiwan domestic boiling water reactor pressure vessel has been evaluated by the probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis. First, the analysis model was built for the beltline region of the reactor pressure vessel considering the plant specific data. Meanwhile, the flaw models which comprehensively simulate all kinds of preexisting flaws along the vessel wall were employed here. The low temperature overpressure transient which has been concluded to be the severest accident for a boiling water reactor pressure vessel was considered as the loading condition. It is indicated that the fracture mostly happens near the fusion-line area of axial welds but with negligible failure risk. The calculated results indicate that the domestic reactor pressure vessel has sufficient structural integrity until doubling of the present end-of-license operation.
Assigning Priorities for Fixed Priority Preemption Threshold Scheduling
Authors: Kim Saehwa
Published: November 2015

Preemption threshold scheduling (PTS) enhances real‐time schedulability by controlling preemptiveness of tasks. This benefit of PTS highly depends on a proper algorithm that assigns each task feasible scheduling attributes, which are priority and preemption threshold. Due to the existence of an efficient optimal preemption threshold assignment algorithm that works with fully assigned priority orderings, we need an optimal priority assignment algorithm for PTS. This paper analyzes the inefficiency or nonoptimality of the previously proposed optimal priority assignment algorithms for PTS. We develop theorems for exhaustively but safely pruning infeasible priority orderings while assigning priorities to tasks for PTS. Based on the developed theorems, we correct the previously proposed optimal priority assignment algorithm for PTS. We also propose a performance improved optimal priority assignment algorithm for PTS proving its optimality. The empirical evaluation results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
DNA-PKcs and PARP1 Bind to Unresected Stalled DNA Replication Forks Where They Recruit XRCC1 to Mediate Repair
Authors: Ying Songmin , Chen Zhihui , Medhurst Annette L. , Neal Jessica A. , Bao Zhengqiang , Mortusewicz Oliver , McGouran Joanna , Song Xinming , Shen Huahao , Hamdy Freddie C. , Kessler Benedikt M. , Meek Katheryn , Helleday Thomas
Published: November 2015

A series of critical pathways are responsible for the detection, signaling, and restart of replication forks that encounter blocks during S-phase progression. Small base lesions may obstruct replication fork progression and processing, but the link between repair of small lesions and replication forks is unclear. In this study, we investigated a hypothesized role for DNA-PK, an important enzyme in DNA repair, in cellular responses to DNA replication stress. The enzyme catalytic subunit DNA-PKcs was phosphorylated on S2056 at sites of stalled replication forks in response to short hydroxyurea treatment. Using DNA fiber experiments, we found that catalytically active DNA-PK was required for efficient replication restart of stalled forks. Furthermore, enzymatically active DNA-PK was also required for PARP-dependent recruitment of XRCC1 to stalled replication forks. This activity was enhanced by preventing Mre11-dependent DNA end resection, suggesting that XRCC1 must be recruited early to an unresected stalled fork. We also found that XRCC1 was required for effective restart of a subset of stalled replication forks. Overall, our work suggested that DNA-PK and PARP-dependent recruitment of XRCC1 is necessary to effectively protect, repair, and restart stalled replication forks, providing new insight into how genomic stability is preserved. Cancer Res; 76(5); 1078–88. ©2015 AACR.
Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302 Targets Hypoxic Bone Marrow Niches in Preclinical Leukemia Models
Authors: Benito Juliana , Ramirez Marc S. , Millward Niki Zacharias , Velez Juliana , Harutyunyan Karine G. , Lu Hongbo , Shi Yue-xi , Matre Polina , Jacamo Rodrigo , Ma Helen , Konoplev Sergej , McQueen Teresa , Volgin Andrei , Protopopova Marina , Mu Hong , Lee Jaehyuk , Bhattacharya Pratip K. , Marszalek Joseph R. , Davis R. Eric , Bankson James A. , Cortes Jorge E. , Hart Charles P. , Andreeff Michael , Konopleva Marina
Published: November 2015

Purpose: To characterize the prevalence of hypoxia in the leukemic bone marrow, its association with metabolic and transcriptional changes in the leukemic blasts and the utility of hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 in leukemia models.

Experimental Design: Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy was utilized to interrogate the pyruvate metabolism of the bone marrow in the murine acute myeloid leukemia (AML) model. Nanostring technology was used to evaluate a gene set defining a hypoxia signature in leukemic blasts and normal donors. The efficacy of the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 was examined in the in vitro and in vivo leukemia models.

Results: Metabolic imaging has demonstrated increased glycolysis in the femur of leukemic mice compared with healthy control mice, suggesting metabolic reprogramming of hypoxic bone marrow niches. Primary leukemic blasts in samples from AML patients overexpressed genes defining a “hypoxia index” compared with samples from normal donors. TH-302 depleted hypoxic cells, prolonged survival of xenograft leukemia models, and reduced the leukemia stem cell pool in vivo. In the aggressive FLT3/ITD MOLM-13 model, combination of TH-302 with tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib had greater antileukemia effects than either drug alone. Importantly, residual leukemic bone marrow cells in a syngeneic AML model remain hypoxic after chemotherapy. In turn, administration of TH-302 following chemotherapy treatment to mice with residual disease prolonged survival, suggesting that this approach may be suitable for eliminating chemotherapy-resistant leukemia cells.

Conclusions: These findings implicate a pathogenic role of hypoxia in leukemia maintenance and chemoresistance and demonstrate the feasibility of targeting hypoxic cells by hypoxia cytotoxins. Clin Cancer Res; 22(7); 1687–98. ©2015 AACR.
First-in-Human Phase I Study of GSK2126458, an Oral Pan-Class I Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumor Malignancies
Authors: Munster Pamela , Aggarwal Rahul , Hong David , Schellens Jan H.M. , van der Noll Ruud , Specht Jennifer , Witteveen Petronella O. , Werner Theresa L. , Dees E. Claire , Bergsland Emily , Agarwal Neeraj , Kleha Joseph F. , Durante Michael , Adams Laurel , Smith Deborah A. , Lampkin Thomas A. , Morris Shannon R. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: November 2015

Purpose: GSK2126458 (GSK458) is a potent inhibitor of PI3K (α, β, γ, and δ), with preclinical studies demonstrating broad antitumor activity. We performed a first-in-human phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Materials and Methods: Patients received oral GSK458 once or twice daily in a dose-escalation design to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Expansion cohorts evaluated pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity in histologically and molecularly defined cohorts.

Results: One hundred and seventy patients received doses ranging from 0.1 to 3 mg once or twice daily. Dose-limiting toxicities (grade 3 diarrhea, n = 4; fatigue and rash, n = 1) occurred in 5 patients (n = 3 at 3 mg/day). The MTD was 2.5 mg/day (MTD with twice daily dosing undefined). The most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events included diarrhea (8%) and skin rash (5%). Pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated increased duration of drug exposure above target level with twice daily dosing. Fasting insulin and glucose levels increased with dose and exposure of GSK458. Durable objective responses (ORs) were observed across multiple tumor types (sarcoma, kidney, breast, endometrial, oropharyngeal, and bladder cancer). Responses were not associated with PIK3CA mutations (OR rate: 5% wild-type vs. 6% mutant).

Conclusions: Although the MTD of GSK458 was 2.5 mg once daily, twice-daily dosing may increase duration of target inhibition. Fasting insulin and glucose levels served as pharmacodynamic markers of drug exposure. Select patients achieved durable responses; however, PIK3CA mutations were neither necessary nor predictive of response. Combination treatment strategies and novel biomarkers may be needed to optimally target PI3K. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1932–9. ©2015 AACR.
Inflammatory Marker Changes in Postmenopausal Women after a Year-long Exercise Intervention Comparing High Versus Moderate Volumes
Authors: Friedenreich Christine M. , O'Reilly Rachel , Shaw Eileen , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Yasui Yutaka , Brenner Darren R. , Courneya Kerry S.
Published: November 2015

This randomized dose comparison trial examined if higher exercise volume decreased inflammatory biomarkers, associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk, more than moderate exercise volume. The Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta was a two-center, two-armed randomized trial in 400 inactive, healthy, postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 74 years, with a body mass index of 22 to 40 kg/m2. Participants were randomized to high (300 minutes/week) or moderate (150 minutes/week) volumes of aerobic exercise while maintaining usual diet. Fasting blood concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), IL6, and TNFα were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis was performed using linear mixed models adjusted for baseline biomarker concentrations. ITT analyses of 386 (97%) participants showed no statistically significant group differences for changes in biomarker levels at 6 and 12 months. In addition, we did not observe any modification of this effect by baseline characteristics of participants. In post hoc analyses based on self-selected exercise level (measured in minutes/week), CRP decreased by 22.45% for participants who exercised >246 minutes/week (highest quintile) and increased by 0.07% for those who exercised <110 minutes/week (lowest quintile, Ptrend = 0.04), adjusted for baseline covariates. When this analysis was restricted to include exercise time in the target heart rate zone only, statistically significant trends were observed for both CRP (P < 0.01) and IL6 (P = 0.04). Prescribing 300 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise did not improve inflammatory markers compared with 150 minutes/week in postmenopausal women. Decreases in CRP were observed with higher self-selected exercise volume. Cancer Prev Res; 9(2); 196–203. ©2015 AACR.
Prognostic Impact of the ABCC11/MRP8 Polymorphism in Adjuvant Oral Chemotherapy with S-1 for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tsuchiya Tomoshi , Arai Junichi , Matsumoto Keitaro , Miyazaki Takuro , Honda Sumihisa , Tagawa Tsutomu , Nakamura Akihiro , Taniguchi Hideki , Sano Isao , Akamine Shinji , Muraoka Masashi , Hisano Hiroshi , Yamasaki Naoya , Nagayasu Takeshi
Published: November 2015

Background: Postoperative 1-year administration of S-1, an oral derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), was shown to be feasible in lung cancer. The 5-year survival rates of postoperative patients treated with S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy and the prognostic impact of clinicopathological factors were examined. Methods: The data of 50 patients with curatively resected pathological stage IB to IIIA non-small cell lung cancer, who were treated with S-1 postoperatively, were analyzed. The prognostic impacts of 22 clinicopathological factors including expressions of the 5-FU pathway enzymes were evaluated. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), i.e. 538G>A (rs17822931), of ABCC11/MRP8, which encodes a 5-FU excretion enzyme that is known as an earwax type determinant, was also evaluated. Results: The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates were 72.5 and 67.5%, respectively. A performance status ≥1, lymphatic vessel invasion, blood vessel invasion, and the A/A type of SNP538, which is responsible for the dry earwax type, were significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survivals. In 34 patients who showed a relative performance of 70% or more for chemotherapy, multivariate survival analysis indicated significant hazard ratios only for the A/A type of SNP538 (p = 0.007). Conclusions: S-1 has sufficient power as adjuvant chemotherapy. However, its effect might be small in the dry earwax type patient group in an adjuvant setting.
AF710B, a Novel M1/σ1 Agonist with Therapeutic Efficacy in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Fisher Abraham , Bezprozvanny Ilya , Wu Lili , Ryskamp Daniel A. , Bar-Ner Nira , Natan Niva , Brandeis Rachel , Elkon Hanoch , Nahum Victoria , Gershonov Eitan , LaFerla Frank M. , Medeiros Rodrigo
Published: November 2015

We previously developed orthosteric M1 muscarinic agonists (e.g. AF102B, AF267B and AF292), which act as cognitive enhancers and potential disease modifiers. We now report on a novel compound, AF710B, a highly potent and selective allosteric M1 muscarinic and σ1 receptor agonist. AF710B exhibits an allosteric agonistic profile on the M1 muscarinic receptor; very low concentrations of AF710B significantly potentiated the binding and efficacy of carbachol on M1 receptors and their downstream effects (p-ERK1/2, p-CREB). AF710B (1-30 µg/kg, p.o.) was a potent and safe cognitive enhancer in rats treated with the M1 antagonist trihexyphenidyl (passive avoidance impairment). These effects of AF710B involve σ1 receptor activation. In agreement with its antiamnesic properties, AF710B (at 30 nM), via activation of M1 and a possible involvement of σ1 receptors, rescued mushroom synapse loss in PS1-KI and APP-KI neuronal cultures, while AF267B (1 µM) was less potent in PS1-KI and ineffective in APP-KI models, respectively. In female 3xTg-AD mice, AF710B (10 µg/kg, i.p./daily/2 months) (i) mitigated cognitive impairments in the Morris water maze; (ii) decreased BACE1, GSK3β activity, p25/CDK5, neuroinflammation, soluble and insoluble Aβ40, Aβ42, plaques and tau pathologies. AF710B differs from conventional σ1 and M1 muscarinic (orthosteric, allosteric or bitopic) agonists. These results highlight AF710B as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (e.g. improving cognitive deficits, synaptic loss, amyloid and tau pathologies, and neuroinflammation) with a superior profile over a plethora of other therapeutic strategies.
EAD e interatividade - conceitos em evolução
Authors: Melo Luci Ferraz de
Published: November 2015

A partir do universo empresarial e de seus programas de sustentabilidade, especificamente de educação corporativa no formato de ensino a distância, este texto tem por finalidade estimular a reflexão sobre a correlação entre o surgimento das tecnologias digitais, a evolução do conceito de interatividade / dialogicidade e a conseqüente modificação do papel do professor, que deixa de ser principalmente um transmissor de conteúdo, para ser um fomentador e estimulador de reflexões em sala de aula, agora também chamado educomunicador.
Três estratégias para uma mesma experiência estética: em torno do “periférico” na cultura massiva
Authors: Santana Gelson
Published: November 2015

Este artigo se constitui a partir do estudo dos filmes Cidade de Deus, Gomorra e Distrito 9, buscando apontar três estratégias que servem de base ao processo de passagem, de agenciamento e de reestruturação a que um contexto “local” se expõe na sua transformação em “global”, nas narrativas audiovisuais contemporâneas construídas em torno da idéia de “periférico”. Observa-se de que forma tais estratégias estão diretamente ligadas à experiência estética posta hoje em circulação por uma conjuntura que aparentemente se tornou independente, na medida em que não mais emerge diretamente do espaço social, mas que toma como referente os meios de comunicação massivos.
Bossa Nova como régua e compasso: apontamentos sobre a crítica musical no Brasil
Authors: Nercolini Marildo José
Published: November 2015

Este ensaio pretende refletir sobre a crítica musical massiva no Brasil, atendo-se ao período compreendido entre o final dos anos 50 e a década de 60. A hipótese aqui levantada é que os parâmetros em termos de valores estético-musicais aí construídos tornaram-se hegemônicos nos anos posteriores, tendo a Bossa Nova e, sobretudo João Gilberto, como marcos desse processo. Para isso, inicialmente se faz uma reflexão em torno da questão da crítica em termos gerais para posteriormente se fixar na análise do período proposto e da hipótese apresentada.
A voz do sujeito marginal nas obras Acidente de trabalho, de Eugênio Sigaud e Construção, de Chico Buarque
Authors: Delorenzi Liliane Barros O.
Published: November 2015

A partir da relação entre o verbal e o pictórico, o trabalho apresenta conceitos bakhtinianos sobre o signo como arena em que se desenvolve a luta de classes. Utilizou-se como corpus a música de Chico Buarque Construção e a pintura de Eugênio de Proença Sigaud Acidente de Trabalho. Nesse contexto, é possível observar como as personagens se constroem em ambas as artes, como as vozes centrífugas e as posições ideológicas dos sujeitos se assumem perante uma sociedade opressora e mecanicista. Para tanto, relacionamos as obras a fatores externos de ordem social, histórica e cultural. A fundamentação teórica do trabalho foi baseada no pensamento de Mikhail Bakhtin e outros autores que retomam em seus trabalhos os princípios desse autor.
O corpo entre o rádio e a comunicação oral: estudos contemporâneos
Authors: Garcia Wilton
Published: November 2015

Esta proposta de escrita instaura-se como ensaio de ideias, cujo escopo aborda o corpo diante da relação rádio e comunicação oral, em um viés interdisciplinar. Busca-se evitar posições isoladas, ao convocar categorias discursivas como imagem, tecnologia, corpo e subjetividade. Estrategicamente, trata-se de alargar os processos concepto-teórico-metodológicos, a fim de não acomodar os fatos em uma zona de conforto. Mais que isso, articular a produção de conhecimento acerca de múltiplos referenciais, no âmbito da linguagem: ou seja, a estratificação entre cultura e representação, instauradas pelos estudos contemporâneos
Contexto comunicativo: pensando um operador para análise de estratégias comunicativas no telejornalismo
Authors: Gutmann Juliana Freire
Published: November 2015

O artigo discute a produtividade do contexto comunicativo enquanto operador analítico para o estudo do lugar configurador de comunicabilidade no telejornalismo. Busca-se entender como se constroem posições e vínculos com o espectador, movimento que remete a disputas de sentido e relações de poder. Os resultados analíticos sugerem que o contexto comunicativo seja apropriado como referência para a operacionalização analítica, no interior de formatos industriais, das relações inscritas no mapa das mediações de Jesús Martín Barbero, entre instâncias de produção e consumo midiático.
Imagem e jornalismo de revista: fotografia e representação feminina no Manifesto Tpm
Authors: Reginato Gisele Dotto
Published: November 2015

Este artigo analisa a representação da mulher na revista Tpm por meio da fotografia jornalística e problematiza em que medida ela ajuda a desvelar os sentidos sobre liberdade feminina no Manifesto Tpm. O corpus de análise é constituído pelas edições da revista de maio, junho, julho e agosto de 2012. A partir da análise, foram encontradas quatro matrizes de representação da mulher na revista: maternidade, trabalho, moda e corpo. Elas indicam que, apesar do Manifesto Tpm apresentar imagens contra-hegemônicas em relação à mulher, as “eternas funções femininas” de mãe e de esposa ainda estão presentes no texto e nas imagens da revista.
A popularização da periguete em telenovelas brasileiras recentes
Authors: Lana Ligia
Published: November 2015

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a popularização recente da figura da periguete no Brasil. O trabalho analisa duas personagens de telenovelas da Rede Globo: Natalie Lamour (Débora Secco), de Insensato coração, e Suelen (Ísis Valverde), de Avenida Brasil, através de três eixos: hábitos sexuais, relacionamentos amorosos e desfecho da narrativa. O objetivo é compreender as estratégias empreendidas por elas para a conquista da vida bem-sucedida, buscando desvendar alguns elementos culturais que tornam possíveis suas ascensões midiáticas. A conclusão indica que a periguete instala uma problemática de classe na mídia, perturbando a ordem invisível das desigualdades brasileiras.
O palhaço silencioso, melancólico Somewhere, perplexidades: o deslugar no cinema contemporâneo
Authors: Fischer Sandra
Published: November 2015

O trabalho explora expressividades poéticas que configuram, nos filmes O palhaço (Selton Mello, Brasil, 2011) e Um lugar qualquer (Somewhere, Sofia Coppola, EUA, 2010), a emergência de um modo subjetivo e objetivo de estar no mundo. Ele se apresenta e se coloca de forma atípica em relação à situação dos lugares convencionalmente estabelecidos na sociedade contemporânea, um modo de o sujeito experimentar o cotidiano acomodado/desacomodado em uma dimensão topológica imaginária que se caracteriza como deslugar.
Notas sobre o gênero Lippia (Verbenaceae) no Brasil
Authors: Salimena Fátima Regina G. , Múlgura Maria Ema
Published: November 2015

Novos registros de Lippia L. do Brasil são apresentados: L. tegulifera Briq. é registrada nos estados do Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul e L. recolletae Morong para o Distrito Federal e os estados de Goiás e São Paulo. São apresentadas descrições e ilustrações para identificação dos táxons e sua distribuição geográfica é fornecida
Association of Hospital and Physician Characteristics and Care Processes With Racial Disparities in Procedural Outcomes Among Contemporary Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
Authors: Mehta Rajendra H. , Shahian David M. , Sheng Shubin , O’Brien Sean M. , Edwards Fred H. , Jacobs Jeffery P. , Peterson Eric D.
Published: November 2015

Background—

Previous studies have reported that black patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery had worse outcomes than white patients, even after accounting for patient factors. The degree to which clinician, hospital, and care factors account for these outcome differences remains unclear.

Methods and Results—

We evaluated procedural outcomes in 11 697 blacks and 136 362 whites undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery at 663 Society of Thoracic Surgery Database participating sites (January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011) adjusted for patients’ clinical and socioeconomic features, hospital and surgeon effects, and care processes (internal mammary artery graft and perioperative medications use). Relative to whites, blacks undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were younger, yet had higher comorbidities and more adverse presenting features. Blacks were also more likely to be treated at hospitals with higher risk-adjusted mortality. The use of internal mammary artery was marginally lower in blacks than in whites (93.3% versus 92.2%,
P
<0.0001). Unadjusted mortality and major morbidity rates were higher in blacks than in whites (1.8% versus 2.5%,
P
<0.0001) and (13.6% versus 19.4%,
P
<0.0001), respectively. These racial differences in outcomes narrowed but still persisted after adjusting for surgeon, hospital, and care processes in addition to patient and socioeconomic factors (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.36 and odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.34, respectively).

Conclusions—

The risks of procedural mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass surgery were higher among black patients than among white patients. These differences were in part accounted for by patient comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and surgeon, hospital, and care factors, as well, as suggested by the reduction in the strength of the race-outcomes association. However, black race remained an independent predictor of outcomes even after accounting for these differences.
The Best of Intentions?
Authors: Oven Katie J. , Rigg Jonathan D.
Published: November 2015

Drawing on research on landslide risk reduction in Nepal and the impacts of the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 in southern Thailand, this paper considers how risk, in the context of natural hazards, is produced by processes of social and economic transformation; understood and experienced by vulnerable groups; and framed by governments and experts. In so doing, we propose an agenda for more effective disaster risk management. We open the discussion by exploring the spatiality of risk, vulnerability and opportunity in the two research contexts, in particular, why people live in hazardous places and the processes that explain the intersection of human settlement and livelihoods on the one hand, and risk on the other. The paper then turns to consider the way that “risk”—and the framing and prioritisation of risk(s) by governments, experts and by vulnerable groups themselves—plays a role in setting the disaster risk management agenda. Underpinning this is the hidden question of what evidence is used—and valued—in the identification and delineation of risk. In order to understand disaster vulnerability, we argue that it is necessary to look beyond the immediate “hazardscape” to understand the wider risk context both spatially and structurally. Effective disaster risk management requires not only an appreciation of the different framings and understandings of risk, but a true integration of knowledge and expertise.
One Risk Replaces Another
Authors: van Voorst Roanne , Hellman Jörgen
Published: November 2015

It has long been recognised that poor, marginalised groups are the most vulnerable to hazards related to climate change. Several recent studies have suggested that such communities may be doubly vulnerable when interventions are carried out to make climate-change-related adaptations. Climate-change interventions may be “maladaptive” and may further “injure” vulnerable communities. Although such findings are troubling, little empirical research has been conducted to explore how and where climate change interventions and discourses are shaping and being shaped by social stratification, inclusion and exclusion. This article therefore aims to contribute to our understanding of the negative (side-)effects of climate change interventions for vulnerable social groups. We investigate this issue in the context of climate change and increased flood risk in Jakarta, Indonesia. Our analysis of two cases of intervention shows how these are “maladaptations”. Flood policies in Jakarta are clearly failing to mitigate risk for the city’s poorest populations and are instead compounding the risks they face with those of eviction and increased poverty. The data on which this paper is based were collected during a total of one-and-a-half years of anthropological fieldwork conducted by the authors between 2010 and 2015.
Vodún, Globalization, and the Creative Layering of Belief in Southern Bénin
Authors: Landry Timothy R.
Published: November 2015

This article examines the ways in which beliefs and forms of secret religious knowledge are (re)formed and mobilized creatively by Béninois practitioners ofVodún, who participate actively in Bénin’s changing religious landscape. This expansion, encouraged by contemporary trends in globalization and transnationalism such as spiritual tourism, modernity, and an increased Evangelical Christian presence in West Africa, has propelled belief into local and transnational discourse. While persuasive arguments have been made against the use of the term ‘belief’ to describe African religion, in this article I show howVodún’sincreased presence on the global stage and strategies employed by local practitioners to frameVodúnas transnational has once again made belief in African religion an important and meaningful point of critical analysis.
Travelling Scientist, Circulating Images and the Making of the Modern Scientific Journal
Authors: Bigg Charlotte
Published: November 2015

The early astrophysicist Norman Lockyer was both editor of the journal Nature from its creation in 1869 and for the following five decades, and an early practioner of the new astronomy. He frequently used the journal to expound his scientific theories, report on his work and send news home while on expeditions. I look into the particular visual culture of astrophysics developed by Lockyer in Nature, its evolution at a time of rapid development both of the techniques of astrophysical observation and visualization and of the techniques of image reproduction in print. A study of the use and reuse of visual materials in different settings also makes it possible to sketch the circulating economy of Lockyer’s images and the ways in which he put himself forward as a scientist, at a time when he was advocating the State support of research and scientists and helping create the modern scientific journal.
Criminal Accountability of Military Peacekeepers
Authors: Boom Rembert
Published: November 2015

Several un Member States that have contributed military members to un peacekeeping operations have failed to hold them accountable for alleged criminal misconduct. The Secretary-General has proposed to secure criminal accountability through naming and shaming troop contributing Countries. Though already a compromise, uncertainty remains as to whether the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, composed of all the troop contributing Countries, will approve of this policy.
Augustea (Polycarpaeae, Caryophyllaceae), a new genus from South America
Authors: Iamonico Duilio
Published: November 2015

Recent published molecular analyses have shown that the genus Polycarpon is polyphyletic and includes only the members belonging to the Polycarpon tetraphyllum aggregate. Morphologically, dehiscence of the capsule by valves that elastically roll inwards and eject the seeds provides a clear synapomorphy for Polycarpon in this restricted sense. Among the excluded taxa, the South American P. anomalum, P. suffruticosum and P. coquimbense are not described taxonomically, although molecular and morphological evidence exists. We here propose to recognise these species as a new South American endemic genus (Augustea gen. nov.) with three recognized species. The names Polycarpon suffruticosum (var. suffruticosum, and var. virens), P. australe, and P. anomalum are lectotypified. A diagnostic key is provided, as well as descriptions, ecological information and distribution for each species.
Polish in the light of grammaticalization theory
Authors: Hansen Björn , Drobnjaković Ana
Published: November 2015

Polish in the light of grammaticalization theoryThe paper is concerned with grammaticalization, a type of language change whereby lexical items, in specifi contexts, come to serve grammatical functions, and grammatical items acquire new grammatical functions. The aim is twofold: to shed light at the main properties of grammaticalization, and to demonstrate its applicability to Polish data. Some prominent examples in Polish are discussed: the grammaticalization of modals, imperative and avertive constructions. The paper closes with a non-exhaustive list of leads for further research into grammaticalization in Polish.
Semantic motivation for the denotational identity of arguments in predication structures
Authors: Maldjieva Viara
Published: November 2015

Semantic motivation for the denotational identity of arguments in predication structuresThis text is an attempt at a preliminary outline of the factors that motivate the denotational identity of argument content in the predication structure as well as the consequences of this identity for the shape of the sentence expression which is a realization of such a structure.The first question this analysis attempts to answer concerns the structure of predicative concepts that constitute the predication structure with arguments of the identical content?The second question the cursory analysis done attempts to answer concerns the manner, in which the identity existing on the semantic structure level is signaled on the surface, in the formal structure.
Lexical NP and VP quantifiers in Bulgarian
Authors: Kalpakchieva Kristina
Published: November 2015

Lexical NP and VP quantifiers in BulgarianThe paper focuses on uniqueness, existential and universal quantification within the Bulgarian noun and verb phrase. Quantifiers scope is considered with respect to whether the quantifiers are used alone or in a group with other expressions. Another factor that affects the strength of quantifiers is the expression’s containing additional specifying functions or setting some circumstance or condition. Quantifiers within the verb phrase are particularly strongly affected by other conditions, while quantifiers within the subject NP have a broad scope and are not affected by the additional conditions of the situation described.
Vocabulary related to a family, kinship and the names of relatives as a base to the reflection on some questions the editors of Słowosieć are encountering
Authors: Ławniczak Justyna , Wieczorek Jan
Published: November 2015

Vocabulary related to a family, kinship and the names of relatives as a base to the reflection on some questions the editors of Słowosieć are encounteringThis paper is a glance on a working methods in building the semantic network. It highlights a problem of monitoring results of WordNet extension. It is based on the example of the semantic field associated with the names of family members and related issues and it concerns certain problems that can be solved only when considering whole semantic field. There are also some reflections on how the network organisation differs from traditional ways of presenting the interconnections between concepts.