bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of regional body composition, physical function and sarcopenia among peruvian women aging with HIV: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Cabrera Diego M. , Cornejo Mijahil P. , Pinedo Yvett , Garcia Patricia J. , Hsieh Evelyn
Published: August 2023

Management of chronic conditions and optimization of overall health has become a primary global health concern in the care of people living with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly in lower-and-middle income countries where infrastructure for chronic disease management may be fragmented. Alterations in body composition can reflect important changes in musculoskeletal health, particularly among populations at risk for developing fat and muscle redistribution syndromes, such as women with HIV on ART. Given the lack of data on this topic in Latin America and the Caribbean, we designed an exploratory study to measure these outcomes in a population of women aging with HIV in Peru. We conducted a cross-sectional study among Peruvian women with and without HIV aged ≥40 years. Dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure trunk and limb lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM). Physical performance was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and physical strength with a dynamometer. Sarcopenia was assessed based upon EWGSOP criteria. We used linear regression to model associations between body composition, sarcopenia and physical performance scores. 104 women with HIV and 212 women without HIV were enrolled (mean age 52.4±8.2 vs. 56.4±8.8 years, p≤0.001). Among women with HIV, mean years since diagnosis was 11.8±6 and all were on ART. Mean SPPB score was 9.9 vs 10.8 (p<0.001) between both groups. Sarcopenia spectrum was found in 25.9% and 23.1%, respectively. In the multivariable regression analysis, trunk FM and older age were negatively correlated with physical performance among women with HIV. Severe sarcopenia was found among a greater proportion of those with HIV (3.8% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.84), however this finding was not statistically significant. Women with HIV had significantly lower SPPB scores compared to women without HIV, and trunk FM and upper limb LM were independent predictors for the SPPB and Grip Strength tests, respectively. Larger, prospective studies are needed in Latin America & the Caribbean to identify individuals at high risk for sarcopenia and declines in physical function, and to inform prevention guidelines.
An assessment of the public health surveillance strategy based on molecular testing during three major pandemic waves of COVID-19 in Brazil
Authors: Barberia Lorena G. , Boing Alexandra , Gusmão João , Miyajima Fabio , Abud Adriano , Kemp Brigina , Zamudio Marcela , Moraes de Sousa Tatiane C.
Published: August 2023

A national laboratory-based surveillance system was adapted to monitor the situation of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. The objective of the study was to compare the challenges in implementing COVID-19 surveillance strategies based on the Ministry of Health’s (MoH) distribution of RT-PCR tests to different types of laboratories. This retrospective study analyzed the MoH’s testing policies and distribution of RT-PCR tests to laboratories during the first, second, and third waves. Recipient laboratories were divided into groups: public health laboratories that belonged to the national network of public health laboratories (Group 1); public laboratories granted authorization during the pandemic (Group 2); and High-Capacity Testing Centers (Group 3). We analyzed the timing and duration of COVID-19 testing policies and the allocation of tests to laboratories by group and wave. Using t-tests, we analyzed the difference in the weekly average of tests distributed to labs by group and using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, analyzed the test distribution according to infection and death rates. Between epiweek 9, 2020, and epiweek 22, 2022, the MoH distributed an average of 263,004 RT-PCR tests per week. The weekly average of tests distributed was highest in the second wave (310,327 tests), followed by the first (218,005 tests) and third waves (201,226 tests). There was a significant increase in the mean weekly tests distributed in the second wave compared to the first and third waves (p = 0.047; IC 8.29–1110.71). We found a significant difference between the weekly average of tests distributed in the first and second wave (p < 0.001; IC -209.83–76.20) to Group 2. Group 3 received the second-highest number of tests from the MoH overall, with a reduction during the third wave to first-wave levels. The distribution of RT-PCR tests was not correlated with the case and death incidence.
Intrageneric cross-reactivity of monospecific rabbit antisera against venoms of the medically most important Naja spp. African snakes
Authors: Gómez Aarón , Sánchez Andrés , Durán Gina , Villalta Mauren , Segura Álvaro , Vargas Mariángela , Solano Daniela , Herrera María , Sánchez Melvin , Gutiérrez José María , León Guillermo
Published: August 2023

Background

Envenomations by African snakes represent a high burden in the sub-Sahara region. The design and fabrication of polyspecific antivenoms with a broader effectiveness, specially tailored for its use in sub-Saharan Africa, require a better understanding of the immunological features of different Naja spp. venoms of highest medical impact in Africa; and to select the most appropriate antigen combinations to generate antivenoms of wider neutralizing scope.

Methodology/principal findings

Rabbit-derived monospecific antisera were raised against the venoms of five spitting cobras and six non-spitting cobras. The effects of immunization in the animal model were assessed, as well as the development of antibody titers, as proved by immunochemical assays and neutralization of lethal, phospholipase A2 and dermonecrotic activities. By the end of the immunization schedule, the immunized rabbits showed normal values of all hematological parameters, and no muscle tissue damage was evidenced, although alterations in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) suggested a degree of hepatic damage caused mainly by spitting cobra venoms. Immunologic analyses revealed a considerable extent of cross-reactivity of monospecific antisera against heterologous venoms within the spitting and no-spitting cobras, yet some antisera showed more extensive cross-reactivity than others. The antisera with the widest coverage were those of anti-Naja ashei and anti-N. nigricollis for the spitting cobras, and anti-N. haje and anti-N. senegalensis for the non-spitting cobras.

Conclusions/significance

The methods and study design followed provide a rationale for the selection of the best combination of venoms for generating antivenoms of high cross-reactivity against cobra venoms in sub-Saharan Africa. Results suggest that venoms from N. ashei, N. nigricollis within the spitting cobras, and N. haje and N. senegalensis within the non-spitting cobras, generate antisera with a broader cross-reactivity. These experimental results should be translated to larger animal models used in antivenom elaboration to assess whether these predictions are reproduced.
A new method for fault identification of T-connection transmission line based on multi-scale traveling wave reactive power and random forest
Authors: Zhong Yawen , Yang Jie , Wang Sheng , Deng Sijing , Hu Liang
Published: August 2023

Though the traditional fault diagnosis method of T-connected transmission lines can identify the faults inside and outside the area, it can not identify the specific branches. To improve the accuracy and reliability of fault diagnosis of T-connection transmission lines, a new method is proposed to identify specific faulty branches of T-connection transmission lines based on multi-scale traveling wave reactive power and random forest. Based on the S-transform, the mean and sum ratios of the corresponding short-time series traveling wave reactive powers of each two traveling wave protection units at multiple frequencies are calculated respectively to form the fault feature vector sample set of the T-connection transmission line. A random forest fault branch identification model is established, and it is trained and tested by the fault feature sample set of T-connection transmission line to identify the fault branch. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can identify the branch where the fault is located inside and outside the protection zone of T-connection transmission line quickly and accurately under various working conditions. This method also shows good performance to identify faults even under the situation of CT saturation, noise influence and data loss.
Brain effective connectome based on fMRI and DTI data: Bayesian causal learning and assessment
Authors: Bagheri Abdolmahdi , Dehshiri Mahdi , Bagheri Yamin , Akhondi-Asl Alireza , Nadjar Araabi Babak
Published: August 2023

Neuroscientific studies aim to find anaccurateandreliablebrain Effective Connectome (EC). Although current EC discovery methods have contributed to our understanding of brain organization, their performances are severely constrained by the short sample size and poor temporal resolution of fMRI data, and high dimensionality of the brain connectome. By leveraging the DTI data as prior knowledge, we introduce two Bayesian causal discovery frameworks -the Bayesian GOLEM (BGOLEM) and Bayesian FGES (BFGES) methods- that offer significantly more accurate and reliable ECs and address the shortcomings of the existing causal discovery methods in discovering ECs based on only fMRI data. Moreover, to numerically assess the improvement in the accuracy of ECs with our method on empirical data, we introduce the Pseudo False Discovery Rate (PFDR) as a new computational accuracy metric for causal discovery in the brain. Through a series of simulation studies on synthetic and hybrid data (combining DTI from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) subjects and synthetic fMRI), we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods and the reliability of the introduced metric in discovering ECs. By employing the PFDR metric, we show that our Bayesian methods lead to significantly moreaccurateresults compared to the traditional methods when applied to the Human Connectome Project (HCP) data. Additionally, we measure the reproducibility of discovered ECs using the Rogers-Tanimoto index for test-retest data and show that our Bayesian methods provide significantly morereliableECs than traditional methods. Overall, our study’s numerical and visual results highlight the potential for these frameworks to significantly advance our understanding of brain functionality.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Saccharum hybrids
Authors: Perera María Francisca , Ostengo Santiago , Malavera Andrea Natalia Peña , Balsalobre Thiago Willian Almeida , Onorato Guilherme Dias , Noguera Aldo Sergio , Hoffmann Hermann Paulo , Carneiro Monalisa Sampaio
Published: August 2023

Sugarcane breeding programs incorporate foreign material to broaden the genetic base, expanding the gene pool. In South America, the Inter-university Network for the Development of the Sugarcane Industry (RIDESA) and Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) sugarcane breeding programs from Brazil and Argentina, respectively, have never exchanged materials. In that sense, the knowledge of the genetic diversity and population structure among sugarcane genotypes of both germplasm banks, determined in a reliable way through their molecular profiles, will provide valuable information to select the best parental accessions for crossing aimed at the efficient introgression of desirable alleles. For that, the aim was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 Saccharum commercial hybrids from RIDESA and EEAOC sugarcane breeding programs by using TRAP, SSR and markers related to disease resistance (e.g. Bru1 and G1). Genetic structure was determined through genetic similarity analysis, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), Multidimensional scaling (MDS), and a Bayesian method. Average PIC values were 0.25 and 0.26, Ho values were 0.24 and 0.28, and He values were 0.25 and 0.28, for TRAP and SSR primers, respectively. Genetic similarity, MDS, and analysis of structure revealed that Brazilian and Argentinean genotypes clustered in two groups clearly differentiated, whereas AMOVA suggested that there is more variability within programs than between them. Regarding Bru1 markers, Brazilian genotypes showed high frequency of haplotype 1 (71.4%) whereas Argentinean genotypes showed high frequency of haplotype 4 (80.8%); haplotypes 1 and 4 are indicated for the presence and absence of the brown rust resistance gene (Bru1), respectively. Respecting the G1 marker, most of the evaluated genotypes (60.4%) showed the presence of the fragment, in a similar proportion for genotypes of both programs. In conclusion, the exchange of materials, at least the most diverse genotypes, between RIDESA and EEAOC breeding programs will allow extending the genetic base of their germplasm banks, and the knowledge of genetic diversity will help breeders to better manage crosses, increasing the probability of obtaining more productive varieties.
Impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on house sparrows: Comparative study from an Indian context
Authors: Bapat Sudeep R. , T. M. Sreeranjini
Published: August 2023

Due to the outbreak of COVID-19, the last couple of years have been drastic in terms of human behavioural patterns. The pandemic has taught us key lessons about crisis, communication and misinformation. People were forced to stay at home for a very long duration because of the strict lockdown measures imposed by governments all over the globe. India was no exception, wherein the Indian government imposed several very strict lockdowns all across the country, which restricted human activities and their social behaviours. However, such restrictions were seen to have a positive impact on environment and ecology. In this paper, we aim to study the changes in House sparrow sightings, as a result of the lockdowns. It is postulated that the lockdowns give rise to increased House sparrow numbers, which we try to argue, using appropriate exploratory analysis and statistical modelling. We apply a specific “zero-inflated Poisson” regression model in this regard.
Interventions impacting the accessibility of sexual reproductive health services for head porters in sub-Saharan Africa- A scoping review protocol
Authors: Jarvis Kimberly , Richter Solina , Adjorlolo Samuel , Swab Michelle , Tenkorang Eric , Mao Yuping , Chubb Laura A. , Adjei Charles Ampong , Midodzi William , Manu Adom , Torpey Kwasi , Spence Cara , Petrucka Pammla
Published: August 2023

Head porters working in markets in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are one of the world’s most vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. They consist predominantly of uneducated women and girls seeking to escape poverty, early marriage, and other issues of domestic violence. Most female head porters are in their reproductive years and often lack access to sexual reproductive health services (SRHS) despite being at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unplanned pregnancies, and gender-based violence. The low priority for women and girls’ SRH in many SSA countries highlights the need to explore the factors influencing the accessibility of services for failure to do so restrains human development. An initial search of the literature was conducted and revealed no current scoping or systematic reviews on the accessibility to SRHS for female head porters in SSA. We outline a scoping review protocol, using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, to determine the interventions that influence the accessibility of SRHS for female head porters in SSA. The protocol is registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/hjfkd). Findings will not only be valuable for female head porters but for all vulnerable female groups in SSA who experience high SRH risks and social disparities.
Genome-wide association study on abdomen depth, head width, hip width, and withers height in native cattle of Guilan (Bos indicus)
Authors: Jourshari Mohammad Golshani , Shadparvar Abdol Ahad , Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh Navid , Rafeie Farjad , Banabazi Mohammad Hossein , Johansson Anna Maria
Published: August 2023

Native breeds in any country are a national capital, and their preservation is of great importance. Native Cattle of Guilan (NCG) is one of the few pure native breeds in Iran and the West Asia region. During the last decade, NCG population has decreased by more than 40%. This study aimed to identify significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes associated with meat production traits in NCG using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The blood and hair samples were collected from 72 NCG individuals and genotyped using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 chip. The results of the genomic scan showed that several SNPs were associated with abdominal depth, head width, hip width, and withers height in NCG. Several candidate genes were identified, including multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains 11 (MEGF11), Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A (MSRA), chondroitin sulfate synthase 3 (CHSY3), Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7 (CDK7), and Parkin (PRKN) genes, which are involved in muscle growth, meat tenderness, differentiation of fat cells, fat metabolism, and adipogenesis. These genes can contribute to meat quantity and quality in NCG. This study provided valuable insights into the genetics of NCG and the identification of effective genes associated with meat production traits. The results of this study could be used for the preservation and sustainable use of this breed of native cattle, as an important genetic resource in Iran.
Frontal lobe-related cognition in the context of self-disgust
Authors: Aristotelidou Vasileia , Overton Paul G. , Vivas Ana B.
Published: August 2023

Self- disgust is an adverse self-conscious emotion that plays an important role in psychopathology and well-being. However, self-disgust has received little attention in the emotion literature, therefore our understanding of the processes underlying the experience of self-disgust is relatively scarce, although neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies support the idea that this emotion may heavily rely on frontal lobe-related cognition. To test this hypothesis, in two studies we investigated the relationship between state and trait levels of self-disgust, cognition and emotion regulation in healthy adults. Specifically, in Study 1 we tested the hypothesis that emotion regulation strategies (avoidance, suppression, and cognitive reappraisal) mediate the relationship between inhibition ability and state and trait levels of self-disgust. In Study 2, we followed a more comprehensive approach to test the hypothesis that frontal lobe-related cognitive processes (updating, Theory of Mind–ToM-, and self-attention) are closely related to the experience of self-disgust in healthy adults. Overall, across these studies, we found evidence to support the idea that inhibition ability and ToM may play a role in the experience of state and trait self-disgust, respectively. However, we did not find consistent evidence across the two studies to support the notion held in the literature that the experience of self- conscious emotions, in this case self-disgust, is heavily dependent on frontal lobe-related cognition.
Oral care knowledge, attitude and practice among nursing staff in acute hospital settings in Hong Kong
Authors: Tsui Pui Ki , Chau Pui Hing , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Wang Man Ping , Gao Xiaoli , Lam Otto Lok Tao , Leung Katherine Chiu Man , Lo Edward Chin Man , Tiwari Agnes
Published: August 2023

Investigating the oral care delivered by nursing staff in acute hospital setting is having a remarkable shortage within the current literature. This was provoked due to lack of previous performed investigation in the acute hospital setting besides inconsistent existence of a standardized and comprehensive oral care knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) instrumentation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the oral care KAP level for inpatients among nursing staff; to identify possible barriers to the provision of oral care; and to identify training preferences to improve the oral care of inpatients, in acute hospital settings in Hong Kong; and to provide standardized comprehensive KAP based assessment tool that would benefit and guide other future studies. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted after a 55-item self-administered structured questionnaire was developed. A modified KAP tool was developed. The tool includes 4 domains: oral care knowledge, attitude, practice, and experience. Nursing staff was recruited from July 2018 to April 2019 via convenience sampling. Either online or printed questionnaires were completed. Proportions of nursing staff with good KAP, as defined by having 60% of the total score in the respective domain, were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Analysis of covariance was used to compare the mean scores of KAP among different independent variables and identify the factors associated with good KAP. 404 nursing staff were recruited. Approximately 29.5%, 33.7% and 14.9% of the respondents had good oral care knowledge, attitude and practice, respectively, and 53.2% of the respondents had unpleasant oral care experience. Better oral care practice was associated with higher levels of oral care knowledge (β = 0.1) and oral care attitude (β = 0.3). To conclude: nursing staff in acute hospital settings reported low levels of oral care KAP with variations between the RN, EN and HCA. This study adds to the literature the association between oral care unpleasant experiences and the oral care practice, as well as oral care knowledge and attitude which also in turns associated with practice. The developed standardised tool could be applied for future studies. Recommendations on the future research, training and practices were made.
What should I say? Testing ways to reduce fear and increase disclosure of incivility in reference checks
Authors: Walsh Benjamin M. , Heighton Brittany , Dingens Chloe
Published: August 2023

We utilize signaling theory as a foundation for testing ways to decrease reference providers’ fear of adverse consequences and increase disclosure of workplace incivility in reference checks. We focus on three reminders–commonly recommended by practitioners–that may be sent to reference providers in the instructions prior to the reference check: reminders of applicant consent, qualified privilege, and confidentiality. 420 supervisors were recruited via Prolific.co to complete a hypothetical reference check for the employee with whom they least like to work. Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions in a two (applicant consent reminder: yes/no) X two (qualified privilege reminder: yes/no) X two (confidentiality reminder: yes/no) between-subjects design. Instructions before the reference check were manipulated in a manner that corresponded to their experimental condition, after which they completed measures of fear and incivility. Results showed no main effects, but two interactions. Applicant consent and qualified privilege interacted in relation to fear of adverse legal consequences, and confidentially and qualified privilege interacted in relation to reports of applicant incivility (p < .10). Collectively, our largely null findings suggest that reference checks may be a limited tool for incivility prevention.
The effects of type of recovery in resistance exercise on responses of platelet indices and hemodynamic variables
Authors: Soltani Mohammad , Sarvestan Atefe , Hoseinzadeh Fatemeh , Ahmadizad Sajad , Kingsley J. Derek
Published: August 2023

To examine the effects of two different volume-matched resistance exercise (RE) recovery protocols (passive and active) on platelet indices and hemodynamic variables. Twelve Healthy participants (mean ± SD; 25 ± 3 yrs) completed a traditional resistance exercise (TRE) protocol that included three sets of six repetitions at 80% one repetition maximum (1RM) with two minutes passive recovery between sets, exercises and an interval resistance exercise (IRE) protocol that included three sets of six repetitions at 60%1RM followed by active recovery including six repetitions of the same exercise at 20%1RM. Blood samples for multiple platelet indices were taken before the protocols, immediately-post (IP), and after 1-hour recovery. Hemodynamic variables were measured before, IP, and every five minutes during recovery. Mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio P_LCR decreased from baseline to recovery. Heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) were augmented at IP following IRE compared to TRE. HR was significantly elevated for 20 minutes after both RE protocols, and RPP recovered by five minutes. Systolic blood pressure was increased at IP compared to baseline and all recovery time points for both RE protocols. Our research demonstrated that both RE protocols, produced transient increases in platelet indices (MPV, and P_LCR) and hemodynamic variables (SBP, HR, and RPP), all of which returned to baseline within an hour. Notably, the IRE protocol elicited a greater increase in HR and RPP compared to the TRE protocol.
Influence of pain on the quality of life in patients with venous ulcers: Cross-sectional association and correlation study in a brazilian primary health care lesions treatment center
Authors: Júnior Severino Azevedo de Oliveira , Oliveira Adriana Catarina de Souza , Dantas Araújo Mayara Priscilla , Dantas Bruno Araújo da Silva , Sánchez Maria del Carmen García , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos
Published: August 2023

We aimed to verify the association and correlation between pain and QoL in people with VU treated in a Brazilian Primary Health Care (PHC) lesions treatment center. This is an observational, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out in a service specialized in the treatment of chronic injuries, linked to 29 PHC units. Sociodemographic and health characterization instruments were used. The Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) and Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAPS) also were used. The Kruskal-Wallis test verified the association between the scalar variables of QoL and pain intensity. With Spearman’s correlation test, we verified the level of correlation between the scales applied. A total of 103 patients participated in the study. Higher QoL scores associated with moderate pain were found, especially in the Physical role functioning, Physical functioning, and Vitality domains. Correlation analysis showed its greatest (moderate) strength in the interaction between the highest scores in the Physical role functioning and Emotional role functioning domains with the lowest pain levels.
The spirit of place: Murmurs along the ancient ways
Authors: Rafferty Andrew
Published: August 2023

Andrew Rafferty’s photography has frequently been described as ‘beautiful’, but his work can also be radical and challenging. He finds particular inspiration working with writers and especially poets, but the notion that the images are simply there to illustrate the text is anathema to him. In his latest collaboration with poet Kevin Crossley-Holland, he uses movement as a metaphor to convey the emotions of the landscape – to capture impressions, drawing on the essence of the poetry, but without producing anything strictly representational, and create images, which although rooted in the landscape, are more abstract, more expressionistic. In his view neither poetry nor images should attempt to describe the other, but there should be a close coexistence between the two. As the reader moves back and forward between text and image and image and text, there comes a deeper understanding of ideas within the mind of the poet and the mind of the artist that may not have been made explicit, but are nonetheless there.
O núcleo essencial do direito à liberdade de expressão no esporte a partir dos casos Colin Kaepernick e Carol Solberg
Authors: Saikali Lucas Bossoni
Published: August 2023

O posicionamento político dos esportistas é cada vez mais verificado nas arenas, campos e quadras do mundo. Atletas têm sido porta-vozes no meio político-social. No entanto, o que se percebe é que estas manifestações são limitadas tanto pela própria lex esportiva quanto pelas federações e instituições locais ligadas ao desporto. Neste sentido, a proposta deste estudo é a de verificar o núcleo essencial do direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão no esporte. Busca-se analisar os casos de Colin Kaepernick, atleta de futebol americano, e de Carol Solberg, atleta de vôlei de praia, especialmente no que toca à repercussão jurídica nos tribunais estadunidense e brasileiro. Baseado na pesquisa indireta de livros, artigos científicos e decisões judiciais, o artigo analisa, inicialmente, os casos supracitados com a finalidade de investigar quais os limites ao entendimento que foi dado ao direito à liberdade de expressão no esporte. Na sequência, demonstra-se que o esporte é parte importante do meio social, cultural e político, ainda que o Movimento Olímpico preze pela neutralidade política.  Por fim, o estudo analisa qual o conteúdo essencial do direito fundamental à liberdade de expressão no âmbito esportivo, analisando os limites e restrições da Carta Olímpica e de tratados internacionais.
Endocrine-inactive pituitary tumors: pathology and current approaches to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Nikolenko V. N. , Volel B. A. , Shkarubo A. N. , Nagajtseva A. A. , Zharikova T. S. , Zharikov Yu. O.
Published: August 2023

pathological hormone secretion, the clinical presentation is determined by the localization of the tumor. Common symptoms include headache and visual field defects. This review addresses the pathology aspects of diagnosis, conservative treatment, and methods of radiation therapy. Drug therapy of endocrine-inactive adenomas is based on the presence of receptors for somatostatin and dopamine in pituitary adenoma cells. Data on stereotactic radiosurgery techniques such as gamma and cyberknife and disease prognosis are presented.
The role of trimethylamine-N-oxide in the development of cerebrovascular disease (brief review)
Authors: Kutlubaev M. A. , Rakhmatullin A. R. , Kutlubaeva R. F.
Published: August 2023

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMO) is one of the best studied metabolites of the gut microbiota. It increases the risk of stroke and dyscirculatory encephalopathy, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The mechanisms of the negative effects of TMO on the cardiovascular system are related to the acceleration of atherosclerosis progression, platelet activation, and the development of aseptic inflammation. Currently, elevated TMO levels are an indication for a strict diet with restriction of foods rich in TMO precursors. Future research should clarify the role of TMO in the development of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). It is necessary to continue the investigation of new compounds that can reduce TMO levels in patients at high risk for developing CVD.
Darfur Movements: Vision and Blueprints for Action
Authors: El-Tom Abdullahi Osman
Published: August 2023

Darfur Movements: Vision and Blueprints for Action
EU Blames World Bank for Delaying South Sudan Reconstruction
Authors:   The Sudan Tribune
Published: August 2023

EU Blames World Bank for Delaying South Sudan Reconstruction
Welcome to the Fold, Brother Rawlings
Authors: Adu Akwasi
Published: August 2023

Welcome to the Fold, Brother Rawlings
Interview with Afro-Peruvian Activist Jorge Ramirez
Authors: Cespedes Lily , Ramirez Jorge
Published: August 2023

Interview with Afro-Peruvian Activist Jorge Ramirez
The African Press Coverage of Japan and British Censorship during World War II A Case Study of the Ashanti Pioneer, 1939-1945
Authors: MIZOBE Yasu'o
Published: August 2023

The African Press Coverage of Japan and British Censorship during World War II, A Case Study of the Ashanti Pioneer, 1939-1945
Sudanese Music: A Loud Voice silenced by an Inconvenient Ideology - A Historical Review1
Authors: Hashim Muhammad Jalal
Published: August 2023

Sudanese Music: A Loud Voice silenced by an Inconvenient Ideology - A Historical Review1
O que dizem os planos de desenvolvimento institucional sobre sustentabilidade? Uma análise de IES destaque em ações sustentáveis
Authors: Junges Vanessa de Campos , Campos Simone Alves Pacheco de , Palma Lisiane Celia , Laurini Matheus Machado
Published: August 2023

Abordar o tema da sustentabilidade está em pauta, especialmente quando o espaço atrelado envolve as instituições de ensino superior (IES) e seu papel perante a sociedade. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a adequação dos planos de desenvolvimento institucional de IES que fazem parte de rankings em relação à sustentabilidade. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, baseada nos documentos de 42 instituições pertencentes ao UI GreenMetric e ao Principles for Responsible Management Education. Os resultados evidenciaram que há um campo em formação voltado a sustentabilidade, no qual reside o estágio inicial em prol de uma modificação nos documentos institucionais que seja baseada no viés sustentável, destacando a necessidade de avanços para que tal manifestação seja evidenciada na prática. Além disso, há uma tendência em direcionar esforços de modo fragmentado seja na gestão, extensão ou estrutura sustentável. Entretanto, com o intuito de avançar significativamente torna-se necessário abordar a gestão, campus/estrutura, ensino, pesquisa e extensão de modo conjunto para a construção de uma instituição de ensino realmente sustentável.
Image recognition model of pipeline magnetic flux leakage detection based on deep learning
Authors: Xu Zhenchang , Liu Kuirong , Gu Bill , Yan Luchun , Pang Xiaolu , Gao Kewei
Published: August 2023

Deep learning algorithm has a wide range of applications and excellent performance in the field of engineering image recognition. At present, the detection and recognition of buried metal pipeline defects still mainly rely on manual work, which is inefficient. In order to realize the intelligent and efficient recognition of pipeline magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection images, based on the actual demand of MFL inspection, this paper proposes a new object detection framework based on YOLOv5 and CNN models in deep learning. The framework first uses object detection to classify the targets in MFL images and then inputs the features containing defects into a regression model based on CNN according to the classification results. The framework integrates object detection and image regression model to realize the target classification of MFL pseudo color map and the synchronous recognition of metal loss depth. The results show that the target recognition ability of the model is good, its precision reaches 0.96, and the mean absolute error of the metal loss depth recognition result is 1.14. The framework has more efficient identification ability and adaptability and makes up for the quantification of damage depth, which can be used for further monitoring and maintenance strategies.
Crystal structure of (Z)-N-(4-(4-(4-((4,5,6-trimethoxy-3-oxobenzofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)butoxy)phenyl)acetamide, C30H31NO8
Authors: Xu Lian-Hua , Shi Ju-Mei , Wang Hua-Bin , Zhou Ying
Published: August 2023

C30H31NO8, triclinic,

P
‾

$\overline{P}$

1 (no. 2), a = 5.21720(10) Å, b = 9.2878(2) Å, c = 27.2825(5) Å, α = 82.199(2)∘, β = 88.113(2)∘, γ = 81.617(2)∘, V = 1295.66(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0567, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1548, T = 100 K.
Marking and breaking phraseology in English and Polish: a comparative corpus-informed study
Authors: Grabowski Łukasz , Pęzik Piotr
Published: August 2023

In this corpus-informed cross-linguistic study, we focus on (1) ‘phraseology markers’ (PMs), which are recurrent and fixed word combinations used to demarcate instances of linguistic prefabrication, and (2) novelty markers (NMs), which are conventional expressions that mark novel phrasings of either new or familiar conceptualizations. Both classes of expressions have been largely neglected in phraseological studies conducted to date. Using selected corpora of general and spoken English and Polish, we study the use and discoursal functions of three pairs of loosely equivalent pre-selected phraseology markers and attempt to determine the amount of prefabricated language demarcated by those linguistic items. We found that the PMs and NMs perform opposing primary and secondary functions. By default, they are used to mark either prefabricated or supposedly novel expressions. In many contexts, however, PMs are used to break phraseology, that is, to mark expressions or phrases that represent unusual, unconventional, idiosyncratic phrasings unattested or rarely used in native texts.
Comparison and review of classical and machine learning-based constitutive models for polymers used in aeronautical thermoplastic composites
Authors: Ling Shengbo , Wu Zhen , Mei Jie
Published: August 2023

Most of the stress–strain relationships of thermoplastic polymers for aeronautical composites tend to be nonlinear and sensitive to strain rate and temperature, so accurate constitutive models are urgently required. Classical and machine learning-based constitutive models for thermoplastic polymers are compared and discussed. In addition, some typical models have been recovered and compared by authors to evaluate the performance of classical and machine learning-based constitutive models, so that the advantages and shortcomings of these models can be demonstrated. By reviewing constitutive models, it was found that the equations of physical constitutive models are derived according to thermodynamical principles, so the physical constitutive models can describe the deformation mechanism at the microscopic level. The phenomenological constitutive models may combine the macroscopic phenomena and theories of physical models, and good performance and wide range of applications can be realized. In addition, phenomenological constitutive models combined with machine learning algorithms have attracted attentions of investigators, and these models perform well in predicting the stress–strain relationships. In the future, the constitutive models combining the theories of physical constitutive models, phenomenological constitutive models, and machine learning algorithms will be increasingly attractive as some challenging issues are effectively addressed.
Comparative study of Fe2B3O7 and Mn4(B6O13(OH)): a new structure linking melilite and johachidolite
Authors: Pasqualini Leonard C. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: August 2023

The two compounds Fe2B3O7 (a = 663.61(4), c = 438.39(3) pm, space group: P

4
‾

$\overline{4}$

21
m) and Mn4(B6O13(OH)) (a = 445.14(1), b = 683.56(2), c = 1330.34(3) pm, β = 90.42(1)°, space group: P21/c) were synthesized under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 9 GPa and 800 °C. Their crystal structures have been determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the occurring side-phases have been identified. Fe2B3O7 crystallizes in the melilite structure type, whereas the novel structure of Mn4(B6O13(OH)) can be derived from the structures of the minerals melilite or johachidolite.
The Importance of Iron Supplementation in Pregnant Women
Authors: Chanzu Abdullah , Wells Molly , Vitkin Natasha , Nersesian Sarah
Published: August 2023

Iron supplementation is an important treatment for pregnant people with iron deficiency anemia. For this reason, we designed and created an evidence-based infographic with accessible fonts, pictograms, and language. This tool serves as a framework for the potential of visual communication tools in the context of improving medication and treatment adherence. Various sources were utilized to derive information on a suggested iron intake regimen; however, we encourage individuals to consult with their primary care providers in order to establish the ideal regimen for them, adjusted to unique individual factors.
Using Social Media to Better Understand Parents’ Experiences Managing Teething Pain
Authors: O’Donnell Kathryn , Chambers Christine T , Parker Jennifer A , Dol Justine , McNally Mary
Published: August 2023

Teething in infants is a natural process that is associated with a variety of signs and symptoms. Many teething pain management strategies exist, yet there is a lack of research investigating which strategies are used by parents and whether they are evidence based. Using an established social media initiative, this study sought to better understand parents’ experiences managing teething pain and to determine which strategies are evidence based. Methods: Parents’ experiences with managing teething pain were gathered through a Facebook post in partnership with researchers and a Canadian digital publisher, YummyMummyClub.ca. This Facebook post, part of a larger social media initiative called #ItDoesntHaveToHurt, asked the following question: “What do you do when you think your baby has teething pain?” Comments underwent descriptive thematic analysis to identify common management approaches. An evidence review of literature was undertaken to determine if the most frequently used pain management strategies reported by parents are supported by research. Results: The post received 163 comments. Analysis identified that the most frequently mentioned strategies were frozen/chilled objects, over-the-counter oral analgesics, frozen fruits/vegetables, oral anesthetic gels, and teething necklaces. The evidence review findings suggest a lack of research in the area of teething pain management. Professional dental associations recommend rubbing the gums with a clean finger or using chilled teething toys and over-the-counter analgesics as effective management strategies. Evidence indicates that oral anesthetic gels and teething necklaces are unsafe. Conclusion: Parents use a variety of teething pain management strategies for their infants, many of which are unsafe and not supported by evidence. What information is used by parents and how they select teething pain management strategies is an area that requires further research.
Strategic planning of the organizational structure of the enterprise
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Voskoboeva Elena , Romashchenko Olga ,   State University of Telecommunications
Published: August 2023

The article discusses different points of view of scientists regarding the definition of the concepts of "organizational structure", "adaptation", "strategic planning". The role of strategic planning in the activities of the enterprise is revealed. The main directions of improving the strategic planning at the enterprise are investigated. A scheme for implementing the adaptation of the organizational structure within the framework of strategic planning at the enterprise is proposed for use. The necessity of adapting the organizational structure of the enterprise, contributing to the accelerated solution of management tasks within the framework of strategic planning, has been determined. It is proposed to use the scheme of the strategic planning process, including the adaptation of the organizational structure to the requirements of the development strategy. The use of the proposed scheme of the strategic planning process at the enterprise will make it possible to form a flexible adaptive organizational structure that meets the requirements of the developed development strategy
Factors of influence on the level of work efficiency on crewmembers
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Samarchenko Illia , Balan Oleksandr ,   Odessa National Polytechnic University
Published: August 2023

The article identifies the features of management in the ship's crew, the psychological principles of management of the ship's crew, the factors that affect the quality of management on board and suggested ways to solve these problems. The concepts of social deprivation and the psychological climate of the ship's crew were defined. An important problem in the management of the ship is the specific working conditions of the crewmembers. The quality of work performed by crewmembers depends on these conditions. Thanks to technical progress, some of the negative factors have receded, but many remain. Working on a ship is a very difficult and dangerous process, so any gaps in ship management can be critical. According to the head of the State Maritime and Annual Transport Service of Ukraine Dmytro Petrenko, more than 200.000 Ukrainian sailors work on foreign ships, which indicates that the problems of ship management are extremely important for Ukraine as a maritime state.
GeoAI- The future was here!
Authors: Chandler Martin
Published: August 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the geospatial data sphere has been around for some time - albeit under different monikers, including "deep learning" and "machine learning". Both commercial and open-source software have options for the current brand of AI, and these are discussed. Some machine learning training models are also openly available for use. Whether any of this will be relevant tomorrow is given cursory consideration.
Tic in Secondary School Teachers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Reina Wiliam Oswaldo Melgarejo- , Reina Edy Miriam Melgarejo- , Reina Ana Melgarejo- , Reina Luz Aída Melgarejo- , Reina Consuelo Melgarejo- , Franco Yolanda Josefina Huayta-
Published: August 2023

The objective of this research is to analyze the scientific contributions of articles referring to the use of ICTs in public management secondary education teachers in various countries of the world, between the years 2017 and 2021. The method used was a systematic review with descriptive level, using the guide of the PRISMA statement, using the search in the online databases of Scopus, SciELO, EBSCO and ERIC applying the descriptors: "ICTS in pandemic", "ICTS in teachers", "ICTS in secondary schools" in turn combining between them the use of the booleans AND and finally OR, in English and Spanish. The review took into account online education, virtual innovations, technological resources and digital skills. The results were the analysis of 21 scientific articles, of which 4 were from Scopus, 12 were from SciELO, 594 from EBSCO and 160 from ERIC. It was concluded that the development of ICT is related to the positive predisposition of teachers to include digital tools and resources in the teaching-learning process of students, for online training, putting into practice digital skills, which are very important. scarce and achieve virtual innovations.
Psychological Capital, Organizational Commitment, and Tour Guide Retention Intention: An Investigation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic an Empirical Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Nai-Wen , Liu Ching-Huei , Chen Shiu-Hua
Published: August 2023

This study explores the relationship between psychological capital, organizational commitment, and job retention intentions among tour leaders in the tourism industry. Drawing upon the framework of organizational behavior, we examine the effects of psychological capital and organizational commitment on tour leaders' job retention intentions, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 149 tour leaders participated in the study. Structural equation modeling (SEM) incorporating regression and path analysis was utilized to analyze the data. The empirical results support the hypothesis that psychological capital, specifically self-efficacy and hope optimism, positively influence tour leaders' organizational commitment. Furthermore, organizational commitment, consisting of continuance commitment and affective commitment, was found to positively impact tour leaders' job retention intentions. Normative and affective organizational commitments were identified as mediators in the relationship between psychological capital and job retention intentions. The findings contribute to the understanding of the role of psychological capital and organizational commitment in shaping job retention intentions among tour leaders in the tourism industry. This study offers theoretical insights and practical implications for tour leaders, management, and scholars in the field.