bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive multicomponent characterization and quality assessment of Shuang‐Huang‐Lian powder injection using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Yin Jiaxin , Li Chao , Zhang Jie , Ding Hui , Han Lifeng , Yang Wenzhi , Li Fangyi , Song Xinbo , Bie Songtao , Yu Heshui , Li Zheng
Published: January 2023

Rationale

Shuang‐Huang‐Lian powder injection (SHLPI) is a well‐known modern traditional Chinese medicine formula preparation (TCMFP) widely used to treat acute upper respiratory infections. However, SHLPI is extracted from pure Chinese medicine and administered through an injection, and many adverse reactions have been reported clinically. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize in depth the chemical composition of SHLPI and quantitatively analyze its potential allergenic components.

Methods

In this study, the samples were analyzed using ion mobility ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS) combined with a self‐built database. Furthermore, the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) model of ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS) was used to successfully quantify 10 representative bioactive components.

Results

Using this strategy 90 compounds were identified, the fragmentation pathways of five representative compounds in the five main components of SHLPI were summarized, and 10 components (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, sweroside, forsythiaside A, luteoloside, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, baicalin, phillyrin, and baicalein) were determine as the quality markers of SHLPI based on UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐MS.

Conclusions

This work comprehensively characterized the material basis of SHLPI, summarized the cracking laws of representative substances, and quantitatively analyzed 10 potential allergenic components. Therefore, this study could provide a basis for the quality control of SHLPI and the clinical rational use of drugs to reduce its adverse reactions.
Output feedback stabilization of linear time‐varying systems with infinite distributed input delays
Authors: Zhou Qianghui , Xu Xiang , Liu Lu , Feng Gang
Published: January 2023

This article investigates the output feedback stabilization problem of linear time‐varying (LTV) systems with infinite distributed input delays. A novel observer is designed to estimate the system states and then a low gain output feedback controller is developed based on the estimated states. It is shown that the resulting closed‐loop control system is globally exponentially stable under some mild assumptions. Moreover, it should be pointed out that to the best of our knowledge, the output feedback stabilization problem of LTV systems with infinite distributed input delays has not yet been studied in open literature. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
One‐Step Electrodeposition of Multi‐element Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanocoating Leading to Enhanced Cytocompatible and Antibacterial Properties of Titanium Implants
Authors: Jia Fenghuan , Bian Anqi , Wu Zongze , Li Meiyu , Yang Hao , Huang Xiao , Xie Lei , Qiao Haixia , Lin He , Huang Yong
Published: January 2023

The introduction of trace elements into hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings has been widely used for antimicrobial and biocompatible modification of metal implants. In this study, a multifunctional coating of HA co‐doped with Cu2+, Zn2+, Sr2+ and F− (CuZnSrFHA) was synthesized on titanium substrate by one‐step electrodeposition technology. The CuZnSrFHA consisted of nanoscale needle‐like crystals with low roughness and poor hydrophilicity. However, it can continuously release Cu2+, Zn2+ and Sr2+ within 14 days while maintaining good physiological stability. Based on the synergistic effect of Cu and Zn, the CuZnSrFHA coating showed some inhibitory effect on E. coli and S. aureus. Furthermore, the CuZnSrFHA was not significantly cytotoxic and promoted early adhesion and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. In conclusion, the multi‐element co‐doped CuZnSrFHA coating was expected to be a novel surface modification material for the prevention of infectious bone defects.
Insights into 4,4′‐Arylmethylene‐Bis‐1H‐Pyrazol‐5‐Ols Scaffolds: Various Synthetic Routes and Their Applications
Authors: Kanagare Anant B. , Yadav M.Sc.Ashok R. , Katariya Ashishkumar P. , Bhagat Devidas S. , Dhas Ajit K. , Pansare Dattatraya N. , Nagwade Pratik A. , Kumar Brajesh , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Deshmukh Satish U.
Published: January 2023

Pyrazole and its derivatives have grown in prominence over the past three decades due to their remarkable therapeutic effects and robust pharmacological potency. This review exclusively focused on synthesis of 4,4’‐arylmethylene‐bis‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ols scaffolds owing to their diversified applications along with C−C multiple bond formations in a one step. Last twenty years, more than ninety synthetic methodologies have been developed because of these motifs′ advanced applicability, which prompted researchers to study this molecule. We focused on this synthesis advancement till the last quarter of the year 2022 which summarizes all results of MCRs obtained in conventional and non‐conventional media. It will serve as a key role for synthetic organic chemists working in this field.
N‐coordinated Aluminum Complexes Catalyze the Hydrostannation of Alkynes
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Wu Jin , Yan Ben , Ni Congjian , Ma Xiaoli , Yang Zhi
Published: January 2023

The effective catalytic activity of hydrostannation of internal and terminal alkynes has been developed by using aluminum complexes. A novel aluminum complex L1AlMe2 was synthesized and characterized. N‐coordinated aluminum complex LAlH2 was chosen to be the most desirable catalyst. Under relatively mild and solvent‐free conditions, excellent yields, regio‐ and stereoselectivities have been achieved. Possible mechanistic pathways for the formation of major products by hydrostannation of alkynes with HSnBu3 were proposed.
Lead‐Free Bismuth‐Based Halide Perovskites with Excellent Stability for Visible‐light‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Nandigana Pardhasaradhi , Pari Sriram , Sujatha D. , Shidhin M. , Jeyabharathi C. , Panda Subhendu K.
Published: January 2023

Lead‐free halide perovskites have been developed as an alternative to lead‐based perovskite materials. Bi‐based halide perovskites Cs2AgBiCl6 and Cs3Bi2Cl9 are synthesized through the hydrothermal method and investigated their photoelectrochemical properties toward water splitting. The formation of the halide perovskites is confirmed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDAX and XPS techniques. Optical properties are measured by UV‐Vis spectroscopy and Mott‐Schottky plots confirmed that both the materials are p‐type semiconductors with a bandgap of 2.72 eV and 3.05 eV for Cs2AgBiCl6 and Cs3Bi2Cl9 respectively. The photocurrent density of water oxidation on Cs2AgBiCl6 and Cs3Bi2Cl9 are 10 μA/cm2 and 6 μA/cm2 at 0.9 V (vs Ag/AgCl) respectively and both are highly stable over 300 sec under chopped condition and also the photoelectrocatalyst stable over 10 h during the chronoamperometry studies. The experimental data shows that the photoelectrochemical water splitting activity of Cs2AgBiCl6 is better than Cs3Bi2Cl9. This work suggests these materials will be a potential candidate for green hydrogen and oxygen production using solar energy.
Novel Photothermochromic Smart Window Based on PNIPAm‐glass‐MXene/PAM with High Shield, Fast Response, and Excellent Stability
Authors: Lei Qiuxing , Yu Wei , Xie Guoxiang , Li Yifan , Wu Changheng , Jiang Gangkai , Zhou Yang , Xie Huaqing
Published: January 2023

In recent years, smart windows have emerged as an important method to achieve energy efficiency in buildings. The responses of thermochromic smart windows are very dependent on the photothermal absorption of nanoparticles. However, nanoparticles dispersed in thermochromic materials cause high thermal loads on the window's surface and become nonuniform and unstable with time. These problems seriously limit application of photothermochromic smart windows. Herein, a new photothermochromic smart window is designed using bicomponent poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAm and MXene/polyacrylamide (PAM), denoted as P‐g‐M smart window. Compared with other photothermochromic smart windows, the developed P‐g‐M smart window reduces the window's surface temperature, and there is no obvious visibility decrement due to the long‐term stable dispersion of MXene. The small particle size of PNIPAm microgels synthesized by the one‐step method shows high scattering efficiency, and the fabricated 1‐mm PNIPAm displays 91.2% visible light transmittance and 99.2% solar light shielding. While pursuing efficient light management, the P‐g‐M smart window responds 25 min faster than a 1 mm PNIPAm smart window. In addition, the device effectively improves the hydrogel thermal response stability. The indoor and outdoor energy‐saving demonstration shows that P‐g‐M smart windows can reduce indoor air temperature by 5–10 °C compared with normal windows.
Confined Space and Heterojunction Dual Modulation of ZnO/ZnS for Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ma Xiaohong , Li Danyang , Xie Jun , Qi Jian , Jin Huacheng , Bai Liuyang , Zhang Hao , You Feifei , Yuan Fangli
Published: January 2023

The reduction of CO2 to chemical fuel driven by solar energy can not only meet the growing demand for renewable energy, but also balance the carbon cycle in nature. However, the current photocatalysts have low CO2 conversion due to their poor light capture ability, narrow light response range, and high recombination probability of photogenerated carriers. Herein, a heterogeneous photocatalyst of hollow structured ZnO/ZnS decorated with Pt nanoparticles is synthesized through the hydrothermal process and photodeposition method, showing excellent photocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction in long‐time stability and ≈100% CO selectivity, which can mainly contribute to natural enhanced light‐capture ability of the hollow confined space due to multiple reflection and scattering of light in the cavity, thus improving separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers due to the type II junction constructed between ZnO and ZnS and the additional reaction active sites after decorating Pt nanoparticles in the surface of the hollow structure.
Genetic dissection of monosaccharides contents in rice whole grain using genome‐wide association study
Authors: Panahabadi Rahele , Ahmadikhah Asadollah , Farrokhi Naser
Published: January 2023

The simplest form of carbohydrates are monosaccharides which are the building blocks for the synthesis of polymers or complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharide contents of 197 rice accessions were quantified by HPAEC‐PAD in rice (Oryza sativa L.) whole grain (RWG). A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using 33,812 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify corresponding genomic regions influencing neutral monosaccharides contents. In total, 49 GWAS signals contained in 17 genomic regions (quantitative trait loci [QTLs]) on seven chromosomes of rice were determined to be associated with monosaccharides contents of whole grain. The QTLs were found for fucose (1), mannose (1), xylose (2), arabinose (2), galactose (4), and rhamnose (7) contents, all of which are novel. Based on co‐location of annotated rice genes in the vicinity of GWAS signals, the constituents of the whole grain were associated with the following candidate genes: arabinose content with α‐N‐arabinofuranosidase, pectinesterase inhibitor, and glucosamine‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aminotransferase 1; xylose content with ZOS1‐10 (a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor [TF]); mannose content with aldose 1‐epimerase‐like protein and a MYB family TF; galactose content with a GT8 family member (galacturonosyltransferase‐like 3), a GRAS family TF, and a GH16 family member (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase xyloglucan 23); fucose content with gibberellin 20 oxidase and a lysine‐rich arabinogalactan protein 19, and finally rhamnose content with myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate synthase, UDP‐arabinopyranose mutase, and COBRA‐like protein precursor. The results of this study should improve our understanding of the genetic basis of the factors that might be involved in the biosynthesis, regulation, and turnover of monosaccharides in RWG, aiming to enhance the nutritional value of rice grain and impact the related industries.
Atypical hypoadrenocorticism presenting with hypoglycaemic seizures and bilateral cortical blindness in a dog
Authors: Harper Jenna , Burchell Richard
Published: January 2023

A 4‐year‐old, neutered, female Jack Russell terrier cross was presented for an acute onset of obtundation, severe hypoglycaemia and generalised tonic‐clonic seizure activity. Baseline cortisol and subsequent adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation testing confirmed hypoadrenocorticism, which was atypical as there were no electrolyte abnormalities present during hospitalisation or in the 6‐month follow‐up period. The dog responded to glucocorticoid monotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the only confirmed case of atypical hypoadrenocorticism presenting for hypoglycaemic seizures and bilateral cortical blindness in a dog. Hypoadrenocorticism (typical or otherwise) should be considered in dogs presenting for hypoglycaemic seizures.
A scoping review of the green parenthood effect on environmental and climate engagement
Authors: Shrum Trisha R. , Platt Natalie S. , Markowitz Ezra , Syropoulos Stylianos
Published: January 2023

We review the existing literature on the role of parenthood as a motivator of environmental engagement (the green parenthood effect), focusing particularly on climate change. We find that parenthood is severely understudied as a mechanism that may influence climate change‐relevant behavior. The literature on the role of parenthood in driving environmental engagement is mixed, due in part to the role of baseline individual and group characteristics that lead to different impacts of parenthood on environmental engagement as well as to the countervailing impact of intense time and budget constraints imposed by parenthood. Some studies suggest that parenthood increases pro‐environmental engagements, while others find no effects or negative effects. We theorize that potential mediators and moderators need to be taken into account to get a clearer picture of how parenthood influences pro‐environmental engagement. We highlight underlying proposed mechanisms that might be activated during the transition to parenthood (i.e., legacy motives, generativity, perceived responsibility), potential moderators of the green parenthood effect, and insights for public engagement.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Social Amplification/Attenuation of Climate Risks

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses

The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Social Movements
Strong coupling expansions in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 quiver gauge theories
Authors: Billò M. , Frau M. , Lerda A. , Pini A. , Vallarino P.
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We study the 3-point functions of gauge-invariant scalar operators in four dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal quiver theories using supersymmetric localization in the planar limit of a large number of colors. By exploiting a web of nontrivial relations, we show that the 3-point functions can be expressed in terms of the 2-point functions through exact Ward-like identities that are valid for all values of the coupling constant. In this way, using recent results about the 2-point functions, we are able to obtain the asymptotic strong-coupling expansion of the 3-point functions and of the corresponding structure constants in the planar limit. Our results extend to sub-leading orders what has been recently found at leading order, where a precise match with calculations within the AdS/CFT correspondence at the supergravity level is possible. Therefore, our findings can be interpreted also as a prediction for the sub-leading string corrections to these holographic calculations.
Cobordism, singularities and the Ricci flow conjecture
Authors: Velázquez David Martín , De Biasio Davide , Lüst Dieter
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In the following work, an attempt to conciliate the Ricci flow conjecture and the Cobordism conjecture, stated as refinements of the Swampland distance conjecture and of the No global symmetries conjecture respectively, is presented. This is done by starting from a suitable manifold with trivial cobordism class, applying surgery techniques to Ricci flow singularities and trivialising the cobordism class of one of the resulting connected components via the introduction of appropriate defects. The specific example of $$ {\varOmega}_4^{SO} $$

Ω
4
SO

is studied in detail. A connection between the process of blowing up a point of a manifold and that of taking the connected sum of such with ℂℙn is explored. Hence, the problem of studying the Ricci flow of a K3 whose cobordism class is trivialised by the addition of 16 copies of ℂℙ2 is tackled by applying both the techniques developed in the previous sections and the classification of singularities in terms of ADE groups.
Does minimally invasive percutaneous transilial internal fixator became an effective option for sacral fractures? A prospective study with novel implantation technique
Authors: Kassem Elsayed , Khaled Sherif A. , Karim Mahmoud Abdel , El-Hamalawy Ahmed Goda , Fahmy Mahmoud
Published: January 2023

Aim

To assess radiological and functional outcomes of transilial internal fixator (TIFI) for treatment of sacral complete transforaminal fractures with a novel implantation technique that decrease wound irritation problems in addition to facilitating easy application of reduction methods beside showing the best entry points, screw trajectories and angles.

Methods

A Prospective case series from 2019 to 2021 was conducted at university hospital including 72 patients with Denis type 2 sacral fractures. The operative and fluoroscopy time, reduction, implantation techniques, postoperative radiological and functional data were collected and evaluated with minimum follow-up of 12 months.

Results

The mean initial fracture displacement was 4.42 mm while mean postoperative maximum residual fracture displacement was 2.8 mm, Radiological outcome assessed using Matta’s grading at the final follow-up visit with 63 cases scored as Excellent,7 cases as Good, 2 cases as fair. Functional outcome using Majeed scoring shows 64 cases of Excellent grading and 8 cases were Good. Short operative and fluoroscopy time, easy reduction techniques, few skin problems were recorded.

Conclusion

TIFI through a minimally invasive technique represents a valid method for dealing with transforaminal sacral fractures. TIFI provides a rigid fixation for posterior ring injuries with few risks regarding iatrogenic nerve injury, avoiding different variations of upper sacral osseous anatomy or sacral dysmorphism. In addition, there is no necessity for high quality fluoroscopy for visualization of sacral foramina intraoperatively, decreasing risk of radiation exposure, unlike other methods of fixation as iliosacral screws. Our novel modification for implantation technique provides few risks for postoperative and wound complications.
A metagenomic-based study of two sites from the Barbadian reef system
Authors: Simpson S. , Bettauer V. , Ramachandran A. , Kraemer S. , Mahon S. , Medina M. , Vallès Y. , Dumeaux V. , Vallès H. , Walsh D. , Hallett M. T.
Published: January 2023

We study the microbiome of sea water collected from two locations of the Barbadian coral reefs. The two sites differ in several environmental and ecological variables including their endogenous benthic community and their proximity to urban development and runoffs from inland watersheds. The composition of the microbial communities was estimated using whole genome DNA shotgun sequencing with adjuvant measurements of chemical and environmental qualities. Although both sites exhibit a similar degree of richness, the less urbanized site (Maycocks reef at Hangman’s Bay) has a strong concentration of phototrophs whereas the more urbanized location (Bellairs reef at Folkstone) is enriched for copiotrophs, macroalgal symbionts and marine-related disease-bearing organisms from taxa scattered across the tree of life. Our results are concordant with previous profiles of warm ocean surface waters, suggesting our approach captures the state of each coral reef site, setting the stage for longitudinal studies of marine microbiome dynamics in Barbados.
A carbon cycling model shows strong control of seasonality and importance of sponges on the functioning of a northern Red Sea coral reef
Authors: van Hoytema Nanne , de Goeij Jasper M. , Kornder Niklas A. , El-Khaled Yusuf , van Oevelen Dick , Rix Laura , Cardini Ulisse , Bednarz Vanessa N. , Naumann Malik S. , Al-Horani Fuad A. , Wild Christian
Published: January 2023

Coral reefs in the northern Red Sea experience strong seasonality. This affects reef carbon (C) cycling, but ecosystem-wide quantification of C fluxes in such reefs is limited. This study quantified seasonal reef community C fluxes with incubations. Resulting data were then incorporated into seasonal linear inverse models (LIM). For spring, additional sponge incubation results allowed for unique assessment of the contribution of sponges to C cycling. The coral reef ecosystem was heterotrophic throughout all seasons as gross community primary production (GPP; 136–200, range of seasonal means in mmol C m−2 d−1) was less than community respiration (R; 192–279), and balanced by import of organic carbon (52–100), 88‒92% of which being dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Hard coral GPP (74–110) and R (100–137), as well as pelagic bacteria DOC uptake (58–101) and R (42–86), were the largest C fluxes across seasons. The ecosystem was least heterotrophic in spring (highest irradiance) (GPP:R 0.81), but most heterotrophic in summer and fall with higher water temperatures (0.68 and 0.60, respectively). Adding the sponge community to the model increased community R (247 ± 8 without to 353 ± 13 with sponges (mean ± SD)). Sponges balanced this demand primarily with DOC uptake (105 ± 6, 97% by cryptic sponges). This rate is comparable to the uptake of DOC by pelagic bacteria (104 ± 5) placing the cryptic sponges among the dominant C cycling groups in the reef.
Comparison of water and cryogenic fluid hammer experiments for rocket engine feed line systems
Authors: Klein Sebastian , Traudt Tobias , Oschwald Michael
Published: January 2023

Fluid hammer occurs when a flow in a pipeline is rapidly stopped due to valve closure or shutting down a pump. The resulting pressure wave can reach very high amplitudes, depending on the fluid properties and the flow velocity. In spacecrafts and launchers, where the reduction of weight is always an important design goal, it is not possible to build the structure arbitrarily robust. Understanding the transient behaviour of the fluids is necessary to predict mechanical loads on the structure and align the design to them. Since a lot of launchers use reactive, cryogenic propellants, it is a common approach to use inert substitute fluids for on ground testing like water (H2O) or liquid nitrogen (LN2). LN2 comes with the advantage of being cryogenic like real propellants, but ground testing is consequently more complex than with H2O. For this purpose, several fluid hammer experiments with both fluids were performed and compared to each other to provide a foundation for deciding which substitute fluid would be useful.

Graphical abstract
Esophageal function and non-acid reflux evaluated by impedance-24 h-pH-metry, high-resolution manometry, and gastroscopy after one-anastomosis gastric bypass—outcomes of a prospective mid-term study
Authors: Felsenreich D. M. , Zach M. L. , Vock N. , Jedamzik J. , Eichelter J. , Mairinger M. , Gensthaler L. , Nixdorf L. , Richwien P. , Bichler C. , Kristo I. , Langer F. B. , Prager G.
Published: January 2023

Background

One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) is the third most common bariatric operation for patients with obesity worldwide. One concern about OAGB is the presence of acid and non-acid reflux in a mid- and long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate reflux and esophagus motility by comparing preoperative and postoperative mid-term outcomes.

Setting

Cross-sectional study; University-hospital based.

Methods

This study includes primary OAGB patients (preoperative gastroscopy, high-resolution manometry (HRM), and impedance-24 h-pH-metry) operated at Medical University of Vienna before 31st December 2017. After a mean follow-up of 5.1 ± 2.3 years, these examinations were repeated. In addition, history of weight, remission of associated medical problems (AMP), and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated.

Results

A total of 21 patients were included in this study and went through all examinations. Preoperative weight was 124.4 ± 17.3 kg with a BMI of 44.7 ± 5.6 kg/m2, total weight loss after 5.1 ± 2.3 years was 34.4 ± 8.3%. In addition, remission of AMP and QOL outcomes were very satisfactory in this study. In gastroscopy, anastomositis, esophagitis, Barrett´s esophagus, and bile in the pouch were found in: 38.1%, 28.3%, 9.5%, and 42.9%. Results of HRM of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure were 28.0 ± 15.6 mmHg, which are unchanged compared to preoperative values. Nevertheless, in the impedance-24 h-pH-metry, acid exposure time and DeMeester score decreased significantly to 1.2 ± 1.2% (p = 0.004) and 7.5 ± 8.9 (p = 0.017). Further, the total number of refluxes were equal to preoperative; however, the decreased acid refluxes were replaced by non-acid refluxes.

Conclusion

This study has shown decreased rates of acid reflux and increased non-acid reflux after a mid-term outcome of primary OAGB patients. Gastroscopy showed signs of chronic irritation of the gastrojejunostomy, pouch, and distal esophagus, even in asymptomatic patients. Follow-up gastroscopies in OAGB patients after 5 years may be considered.

Graphical Abstract
Statistical guarantees for sparse deep learning
Authors: Lederer Johannes
Published: January 2023

Neural networks are becoming increasingly popular in applications, but our mathematical understanding of their potential and limitations is still limited. In this paper, we further this understanding by developing statistical guarantees for sparse deep learning. In contrast to previous work, we consider different types of sparsity, such as few active connections, few active nodes, and other norm-based types of sparsity. Moreover, our theories cover important aspects that previous theories have neglected, such as multiple outputs, regularization, and $$\ell_{2}$$

ℓ
2

-loss. The guarantees have a mild dependence on network widths and depths, which means that they support the application of sparse but wide and deep networks from a statistical perspective. Some of the concepts and tools that we use in our derivations are uncommon in deep learning and, hence, might be of additional interest.
Social inclusion and the use of sign language inset during the 2019 Philippine SONA
Authors: Espineda Melvin N.
Published: January 2023

This phenomenological study, guided by Radcliffe-(1881–1955) Brown's Structural Functionalism Theory, investigated how sign language inset was used for social inclusion during the 2019 Philippine State of the Nation Address on GMA Network, Inc. Eight participants' lived experiences were examined through in-depth interviews. Four major themes emerged: exposure and familiarization with the deaf community culture, which is the Filipino Sign Language (FSL); adjustment of the TV inset size for deaf visual signs recognition and understanding; validation of TV insets interpreting with a deaf consultant; accessibility to communication through clear policy and guidelines of TV inset interpreting. The study concludes that even though the sign language interpreters use FSL, we can only elicit social inclusion by adjusting the size of the TV inset; since the sign language insets require the visual signs of the SLIs, which include hand gestures and facial expressions. Moreover, a better understanding of the signs that consider both schooled and non-schooled Deaf requires the exposure and familiarization of SLIs with the deaf culture. Meanwhile, TV networks should consider adjusting the size of the TV inset, hiring a deaf consultant to validate signing, and ensuring deaf access to communication to integrate them socially. Sign language inset implementation requires a model to follow structurally to be functional.
Genetische Diagnostik bei ungewollt kinderlosen Paaren oder wiederholten Fehlgeburten
Authors: Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Wyrwoll Margot J. , Tüttelmann Frank , Toth Bettina , Pinggera Germar-M. , Zschocke Johannes
Published: January 2023

Etwa 10–15 % aller Paare sind ungewollt kinderlos, entweder durch das fehlende Eintreten einer Schwangerschaft oder durch rezidivierende Aborte. Nachweisbare Ursachen einer Fertilitätsstörung finden sich gleichermaßen bei Männern und bei Frauen, bei einem Drittel sind beide Partner beteiligt. Bei 5–10 % der weiblichen und 10–20 % der männlichen Patienten sind mit den derzeit etablierten diagnostischen Analysen genetische Ursachen erkennbar. Eine ätiologische Abklärung erlaubt eine fundierte Prognose und manchmal eine spezifische Therapie, sie kann auf ein erhöhtes Risiko des Auftretens kindlicher Erkrankungen hinweisen. Eine spezifische genetische Abklärung ist daher unabhängig von einer gegebenenfalls geplanten reproduktionsmedizinischen Behandlung bei allen Paaren indiziert, die länger als ein Jahr vergeblich versuchen, ein Kind zu bekommen, und bei denen keine andere Erklärung für eine Unfruchtbarkeit nachgewiesen wurde. Die genetische Diagnostik der Unfruchtbarkeit umfasst bei beiden Partnern in der Regel eine klassische Karyotypisierung zum Nachweis einer gegebenenfalls vorliegenden gonosomalen oder balancierten strukturellen Chromosomenveränderung. Dies ist insbesondere beim wiederholten Auftreten von Fehlgeburten bei beiden Partnern indiziert. Abhängig von hormonellen Befunden sollte bei Frauen ein attenuiertes adrenogenitales Syndrom bzw. bei Verdacht auf eine primäre Ovarialinsuffizienz eine FMR1-Prämutation ausgeschlossen werden. Die genetische Diagnostik des Mannes bei Azoospermie oder gegebenenfalls bei schwerer Oligozoospermie umfasst zusätzlich zur Karyotypisierung die Testung auf AZF-Mikrodeletionen (AZF Azoospermiefaktor) sowie in Abhängigkeit von den klinischen Parametern auf pathogene Varianten im CFTR-Gen als mögliche Ursache einer obstruktiven Azoospermie. Sequenzanalysen spezifischer Gene können bei Frauen und Männern mit hypogonadotropem Hypogonadismus oder bei Verdacht auf eine monogene Spermatogenesestörung in Betracht gezogen werden. Gemäß den Leitlinien und nationalen gesetzlichen Grundlagen sollten vor der genetischen Diagnostik sowie beim Nachweis genetischer Ursachen einer Infertilität mögliche Konsequenzen und die Bedeutung für zukünftige Kinder im Rahmen einer genetischen Beratung besprochen werden.
Privacy in electronic health records: a systematic mapping study
Authors: Tertulino Rodrigo , Antunes Nuno , Morais Higor
Published: January 2023

Main

Electronic health record (EHR) applications are digital versions of paper-based patient health information. Traditionally, medical records are made on paper. However, nowadays, advances in information and communication technology have made it possible to change medical records from paper to EHR. Therefore, preserving user data privacy is extremely important in healthcare environments. The main challenges are providing ways to make EHR systems increasingly capable of ensuring data privacy and at the same time not compromising the performance and interoperability of these systems.

Subject and methods

This systematic mapping study intends to investigate the current research on security and privacy requirements in EHR systems and identify potential research gaps in the literature. The main challenges are providing ways to make EHR systems increasingly capable of ensuring data privacy, and at the same time, not compromising the performance and interoperability of these systems. Our research was carried out in the Scopus database, the largest database of abstracts and citations in the literature with peer review.

Results

We have collected 848 articles related to the area. After disambiguation and filtering, we selected 30 articles for analysis. The result of such an analysis provides a comprehensive view of current research.

Conclusions

We can highlight some relevant research possibilities. First, we noticed a growing interest in privacy in EHR research in the last 6 years. Second, blockchain has been used in many EHR systems as a solution to achieve data privacy. However, it is a challenge to maintain traceability by recording metadata that can be mapped to private data of the users applying a particular mapping function that can be hosted outside the blockchain. Finally, the lack of a systematic approach between EHR solutions and existing laws or policies leads to better strategies for developing a certification process for EHR systems.
Risks of Intimate Partner Violence for Women Living with HIV Receiving Cash Transfers: A Qualitative Study in Shinyanga, Tanzania
Authors: Hémono Rebecca , Mnyippembe Agatha , Kalinjila Atuganile , Msoma Jesca , Prata Ndola , Dow William H. , Snell-Rood Claire , Sabasaba Amon , Njau Prosper , McCoy Sandra I.
Published: January 2023

Cash transfers are increasingly used to motivate adherence to HIV care. However, evidence on cash transfers and intimate partner violence (IPV) is mixed and little is known about their safety for women living with HIV. We conducted in-depth interviews with women living with HIV who participated in a randomized trial providing 6 months of cash transfers (~$4.5 or $11 USD) conditional on HIV clinic attendance in Shinyanga, Tanzania to assess how receiving cash affects IPV and relationship dynamics. Eligible participants were 18–49 years, received cash transfers, and in a partnership at baseline. Data were analyzed in Dedoose using a combined inductive-deductive coding approach. 25 interviews were conducted between November 2019-February 2020. Women’s employment was found to be a source of household tension and violence. None of the participants reported physical or sexual IPV in relation to cash transfers, however, some women experienced controlling behaviors or emotional violence including accusations and withholding of money, particularly those who were unemployed. Cash transfers were predominantly used for small household expenses and were not viewed as being substantial enough to shift the financial dynamic or balance of power within relationships. Our findings suggest that small, short-term cash transfers do not increase physical or sexual IPV for women living with HIV however can exacerbate controlling behaviors or emotional violence. Modest incentives used as a behavioral nudge to improve health outcomes may affect women differently than employment or larger cash transfers. Nonetheless, consultations with beneficiaries should be prioritized to protect women from potential IPV risks.
The Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy in Rural Bangladesh: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Power Rosalie , Heanoy Eamin , Das Manik Chandra , Karim Tasneem , Muhit Mohammad , Badawi Nadia , Khandaker Gulam
Published: January 2023

Adolescents with disability in the Global South have unique sexual and reproductive health (SHR) experiences and needs; however, they are rarely included in SRH discourse. This qualitative study, conducted in rural Bangladesh, used semi-structured interviews to understand how adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) experience their SRH. Participants were recruited from the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register and included 24 adolescents with CP (n = 12 female; n = 12 male) and 76 parents (n = 56 mothers, n = 17 fathers, n = 3 other relatives). Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings highlighted heterogeneity among adolescents with CP including differences for adolescent men versus women. For some adolescent men with CP, sexual maturity was viewed as bringing new opportunities, whereas for other men, adolescence affirmed exclusions and some transgressed sociocultural norms as they struggled to navigate their pubescent body alongside new privacy requirements. For adolescent women with CP, sexual maturity was associated with new domestic responsibilities, silence and secrecy regarding menstruation, and increased vulnerability to sexual violence and abuse. Adolescent men and women with CP spoke about marriage as something “everybody wants,” however, was deemed “impossible” for those with more impairment-related support needs. Both adolescent men and women with CP lacked access to SRH information and support. Mothers positioned providing care to their adolescent child with CP after puberty as “shameful.” Our findings suggest that disability, health, and education services in rural Bangladesh need to adopt a life-course approach that incorporates the SRH of adolescents with CP. We recommend the provision of SRH education that addresses the physical, cognitive, and social needs of adolescents with CP.
Molecular characterization of eliminated chromosomes in Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor (Say))
Authors: Crane Yan M. , Crane Charles F. , Cambron Sue E. , Springmeyer Lucy J. , Schemerhorn Brandon J.
Published: January 2023

Like other cecidomyiid Diptera, Hessian fly has stable S chromosomes and dispensable E chromosomes that are retained only in the germ line. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH), fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), and sequencing were used to investigate similarities and differences between S and E chromosomes. More than 99.9% of AFLP bands were identical between separated ovary and somatic tissue, but one band was unique to ovary and resembled Worf, a non-LTR retrotransposon. Arrayed clones, derived by SSH of somatic from ovarian DNA, showed no clones that were unique to ovary. FISH with BAC clones revealed a diagnostic banding pattern of BAC positions on both autosomes and both sex chromosomes, and each E chromosome shared a pattern with one of the S chromosomes. Sequencing analysis showed that E chromosomes are nearly identical to S chromosomes, since no sequence could be confirmed to belong only to E chromosomes. There were a few questionably E-specific sequences that are candidates for further investigation. Thus, the E chromosomes appear to be derived from S chromosomes by the acquisition or conversion of sequences that produce the negatively heteropycnotic region around the centromere.
Generating simple classification rules to predict local surges in COVID-19 hospitalizations
Authors: Yaesoubi Reza , You Shiying , Xi Qin , Menzies Nicolas A. , Tuite Ashleigh , Grad Yonatan H. , Salomon Joshua A.
Published: January 2023

Low rates of vaccination, emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, and increasing transmission relating to seasonal changes and relaxation of mitigation measures leave many US communities at risk for surges of COVID-19 that might strain hospital capacity, as in previous waves. The trajectories of COVID-19 hospitalizations differ across communities depending on their age distributions, vaccination coverage, cumulative incidence, and adoption of risk mitigating behaviors. Yet, existing predictive models of COVID-19 hospitalizations are almost exclusively focused on national- and state-level predictions. This leaves local policymakers in urgent need of tools that can provide early warnings about the possibility that COVID-19 hospitalizations may rise to levels that exceed local capacity. In this work, we develop a framework to generate simple classification rules to predict whether COVID-19 hospitalization will exceed the local hospitalization capacity within a 4- or 8-week period if no additional mitigating strategies are implemented during this time. This framework uses a simulation model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 hospitalizations in the US to train classification decision trees that are robust to changes in the data-generating process and future uncertainties. These generated classification rules use real-time data related to hospital occupancy and new hospitalizations associated with COVID-19, and when available, genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. We show that these classification rules present reasonable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity (all ≥ 80%) in predicting local surges in hospitalizations under numerous simulated scenarios, which capture substantial uncertainties over the future trajectories of COVID-19. Our proposed classification rules are simple, visual, and straightforward to use in practice by local decision makers without the need to perform numerical computations.
Adherence, Competence, and Alliance as Predictors of Long-term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Bjaastad Jon Fauskanger , Gjestad Rolf , Fjermestad Krister , Öst Lars-Göran , Haugland Bente Storm Mowatt , Kodal Arne , Heiervang Einar R. , Wergeland Gro Janne
Published: January 2023

The present study investigated therapist adherence, therapist competence, and patient-therapist alliance as predictors of long-term outcomes of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in youth. Potential differential effects for group versus individual CBT, for therapists with or without formal CBT training, and based on youth symptom severity were examined. Videotapes (n = 181) from treatment sessions in a randomized controlled effectiveness trial comprising youth (N = 170, M age = 11.6 years, SD = 2.1) with anxiety disorders were assessed for therapist adherence and competence. Alliance was rated by therapists and youth. Participants completed a diagnostic interview and an anxiety symptom measure at pre-treatment, post-treatment, one-year follow-up, and long-term follow-up (M = 3.9 years post-treatment, SD = 0.8, range = 2.2–5.9 years). The change in anxiety symptoms or diagnostic status from pre-treatment to long-term follow-up was not significantly related to any predictor variables. However, several interaction effects were found. For loss of principal diagnosis, therapist competence predicted positive outcome when therapist adherence also was high. Adherence was found to predict positive outcome if CBT was provided individually. Therapist-rated alliance was related to both loss of principal diagnosis and loss of all diagnoses when CBT was provided in groups. Interaction effects suggested that therapists displaying both high adherence and high competence produced better long-term outcomes. Further, the alliance may be particularly important for outcomes in group CBT, whereas adherence may be particularly important for outcomes in individual CBT.
Real-world-Daten in der Arzneimittelregulation – aktuelle Entwicklungen und Ausblick
Authors: Wicherski Julia , Schneider Katharina , Zinserling Jörg , Heß Steffen , Haenisch Britta , Broich Karl
Published: January 2023

Hintergrund

Real-world-Daten (RWD) und die aus ihnen durch statistisch-epidemiologische Analysen abgeleitete Real-world-Evidenz (RWE) spielen eine vielversprechende und zunehmend relevante Rolle bei regulatorischen Entscheidungsfindungen entlang des Produktlebenszyklus von Arzneimitteln.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es wird ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand, die Entwicklungspotenziale und Initiativen zur verstärkten Nutzung von RWE in der europäischen und internationalen Arzneimittelregulation gegeben.

Material und Methoden

Die Grundlagen für die Übersichtsarbeit sind Originalarbeiten und Reviews aus der aktuellen internationalen Literatur (inklusive eigener Forschungsergebnisse), aktuelle Beispiele aus der regulatorischen Praxis sowie die Einbindung in europäische und internationale Initiativen zur verstärkten Nutzung von RWD/RWE in regulatorischen Entscheidungsprozessen.

Ergebnisse

Aktuell primär zur supportiven Evidenz bei regulatorischen Entscheidungsfindungen wird RWE aus RWD eingesetzt. Neben dem etablierten Einsatz in Phasen nach der Zulassung (z. B. Überwachung der Arzneimittelsicherheit), werden RWD zunehmend auch in der Phase vor der Zulassung und in der Evaluation eingesetzt. Aktuell wird durch verstärkte Vernetzung der Datenquellen auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene eine Gesundheitsdateninfrastruktur aufgebaut, um neue Möglichkeiten zur RWD-Nutzung zu schaffen.

Schlussfolgerung

Neben einer wachsenden Bedeutung von RWD/RWE in der europäischen und internationalen Arzneimittelregulation ergeben sich auch neue Herausforderungen zum Zugang zu und zur Analyse von RWD. Die Variabilität und Heterogenität der RWD-Quellen machen die Entwicklung neuer und optimierter Methoden für RWD-Analysen unerlässlich. Auch neue Leitfaden- und Schulungskonzepte für die beteiligten Stakeholder sind essenziell.
Three-year outcomes of a fracture liaison service model at a university-based tertiary care hospital in Thailand
Authors: Chotiyarnwong Pojchong , Kitcharanant Nitchanant , Vanitcharoenkul Ekasame , Anusitviwat Chirathit , Jarusriwanna Atthakorn , Suthutvoravut Worasit , Boonnasa Wararat , Unnanuntana Aasis
Published: January 2023

Summary

Fragility hip fracture (FHF) is a serious complication of osteoporosis. A fracture liaison service (FLS) is crucial in preventing FHF. Our retrospective data of 489 patients with FHF and 3-year follow-ups demonstrated that the FLS improved functional outcomes. Our study’s mortality rates were lower than in other published series.

Purpose

This study assessed the 3-year outcomes after fragility hip fracture (FHF) treatment by a multidisciplinary team from the Siriraj Fracture Liaison Service (Si–FLS). The review investigated the administration rates of anti-osteoporosis medication, refracture, and mortality; activities of daily living; mobility; and health-related quality of life.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of the records of Si-FLS patients given FHF treatment between June 2016 and October 2018. The outcomes were evaluated at 3 time points: before discharge, and 1 and 3 years after treatment.

Results

The study enrolled 489 patients (average age, 78). The mortality and refracture rates at 1 year after hip fracture were 13.9% and 1.6%, respectively. At the 3-year follow-up, both rates were higher (20.4% and 5.7%, respectively). The Barthel Index and EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale had risen to a plateau at the 1-year follow-up and remained stable to the 3-year follow-up. One year after treatment, approximately 60% of the patients could ambulate outdoors, and the proportion remained steady until the 3-year follow-up. There was no difference in the 1- and 3-year follow-up anti-osteoporosis medication administration rates (approximately 40%).

Conclusions

This study confirms the benefits of having a multidisciplinary FLS care team to manage older people with FHF. An FLS improves the care of patients with FHF and the social support of caregivers and relatives. The FLS maintained the functional outcomes of the patients through 3 years of postfracture treatment.