bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Romiplostim for the treatment of chronic immune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a single technology appraisal
Authors: Mowatt G , Boachie C , Crowther M , Fraser C , Hernández R , Jia X , Ternent L
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical and cost-effectiveness of romiplostim for the treatment of adults with chronic immune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) based upon a review of the manufacturer’s submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The submission’s evidence came from two relatively high-quality randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The ERG found no evidence that any important data were missed or that data extraction was inaccurate. In both RCTs more patients in the romiplostim than in the placebo group achieved a durable platelet response [non-splenectomised patients: romiplostim 25/41 (61%), placebo 1/21 (5%), odds ratio (OR) 24.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.34 to 179.18; splenectomised patients: romiplostim 16/42 (38%), placebo 0/21 (0%), OR 8.5 (95% CI 1.15 to 372)] and an overall platelet response [non-splenectomised patients: romiplostim 36/41 (88%), placebo 3/21 (14%), OR 34.74, 95% CI 7.77 to 155.38; splenectomised patients: romiplostim 33/42 (79%), placebo 0/21 (0%), OR 16.6 (95% CI 2.37 to 706]. The difference in mean period with a platelet response was 13.9 weeks (95% CI 10.5 to 17.4) in favour of romiplostim in the RCT of non-splectomised patients and 12.1 weeks (95% CI 8.7 to 15.6) in favour of romiplostim in the RCT of splectomised patients. The manufacturer’s economic model evaluated the cost-effectiveness of romiplostim compared with standard care. The ERG had concerns about the way the decision problem was addressed in the economic model and about the non-adjustment of findings for confounding factors. In non-splenectomised patients, using romiplostim as a first option treatment, the base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was £14,840 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). In splenectomised patients the ICER was £14,655 per QALY. Additional sensitivity analyses performed by the ERG identified two issues of importance: whether individuals entered the model on watch and rescue or on active therapy in the comparator arm (ICER £21,674 per QALY for non-splenectomised patients, £29,771 per QALY for splenectomised patients); whether it was assumed that any unused medicine would be wasted. Combining all of the separate sensitivity analyses, and assuming that watch and rescue was not the first-line treatment, increased the ICERs further (non-splenectomised £37,290 per QALY; splenectomised £131,017 per QALY). In conclusion, the manufacturer’s submission and additional work conducted by the ERG suggest that romiplostim has short-term efficacy for the treatment of ITP, but there is no robust evidence on long-term effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of romiplostim compared with relevant comparators.
Infliximab for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hyde C , Bryan S , Juarez-Garcia A , Andronis L , Fry-Smith A
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of infliximab for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) based upon a review of the manufacturer’s submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellent (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The submission indicated that the efficacy of infliximab (5 mg/kg) had been demonstrated in terms of higher response rates and a sustained response in health-related quality of life. For the cost-effectiveness analysis, the manufacturer built a Markov model to compare infliximab with standard care. It estimated the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained was between £25,044 and £33,866 depending on the strategy used. The ERG report generally agreed with the evidence on effectiveness of infliximab for subacute exacerbations of UC. However, there were several areas of uncertainty, of which the interpretation of the importance of the quality of life changes in the subacute situation and the assessment of the adequacy of the evidence of effectiveness of infliximab in the acute hospital-based situation were considered pre-eminent by the ERG. This challenged the estimates of cost-effectiveness offered and suggested that there should be a separate assessment of infliximab for acute exacerbations of moderately to severely active UC. The summary of the NICE guidance issued in April 2008 as a result of the STA states that: infliximab is not recommended for the treatment of subacute manifestations of moderately to severely active UC.
Cetuximab for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Meads C , Round J , Tubeuf S , Moore D , Pennant M , Bayliss S , McCabe C
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cetuximab for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), in accordance with the licensed indication, based upon the manufacturer’s submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal process. The ERG project ran between 22 January 2008 and 4 November 2008. The clinical evidence came from two unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of cetuximab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the first-line treatment of mCRC. A third RCT submitted later compared cetuximab with irinotecan in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (FA) and cetuximab with oxaliplatin in combination with 5-FU and FA in patients with mCRC with liver metastases only. No published economic evaluations of cetuximab for first-line chemotherapy in mCRC were identified in the submission. A de novo model examined the cost-effectiveness of cetuximab in patients with mCRC that was epidermal growth factor receptor positive, k-ras wild type and with liver metastases. The main source of clinical effectiveness evidence came from the first two RCTs which provided follow up information for 1–2 years. Secondary information was used to estimate survival for a further 22 years. The model focused on the patients for whom the treatment had been licensed. This limited the applicability of the model to the NHS setting in which patients would be a mixture of k-ras wild type and mutations and also a mixture of patients with liver metastases and other metastases. The difference in progress-free survival for the two trials was between 0.5 to 1.2 months over a 7–10 month period. Eight months’ treatment with cetuximab, given as an initial loading dose and then weekly until progression, would cost around £22,932 for an average man and £18,427 for an average woman. It is uncertain whether this constitutes good value for money. The guidance issued by NICE on 25 September 2008 stated that cetuximab was not recommended for the first-line treatment of mCRC and people currently receiving cetuximab for the first-line treatment of mCRC should have the option to continue treatment until they and their clinicians consider it appropriate to stop.
Omalizumab for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma in children aged 6–11 years
Authors: Walker S , Burch J , McKenna C , Wright K , Griffin S , Woolacott N
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of severe persistent asthma in children aged 6–11 years, based upon the evidence submission from Novartis Pharmaceutical UK Ltd to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal process. The manufacturer’s submission was generally considered to be of good quality. The submission was based primarily on a preplanned subgroup IA-05 EUP (European Union Population) from the IA-05 trial, with outcomes including the number of clinically significant (CS) and clinically significant severe (CSS) exacerbations. Omalizumab therapy was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the rate of CS exacerbations, but the reduction in the rate of CSS exacerbations was not statistically significant. The benefit in terms of CS exacerbations was achieved mainly in patients with more than three exacerbations per year at baseline. The manufacturer found no previous published cost-effectiveness studies of omalizumab in children aged 6–11 years, so their de novo economic evaluation formed the basis of the submitted economic evidence. The economic model was considered appropriate for the decision problem. The results from the model indicated that omalizumab in addition to standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone did not appear cost-effective in either the overall population or a subgroup of patients hospitalised in the year prior to enrolment, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £91,169 and £65,911 per quality-adjusted life-year, respectively. These findings were found to be robust across a wide range of alternative assumptions through one-way sensitivity analyses. The guidance issued by NICE states that omalizumab is not recommended for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma in children aged 6–11 years.
Denosumab for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women
Authors: Waugh N , Royle P , Scotland G , Henderson R , Hollick R , McNamee P
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into denosumab for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Denosumab has been shown in a large randomised trial to reduce the frequency of osteoporotic fractures when given subcutaneously at 6-monthly intervals. Compared with placebo, the relative risks of clinical vertebral and hip fractures were 0.32 and 0.60, respectively. Clinical vertebral fractures occurred in 0.8% of women taking denosumab and 2.6% of control subjects. Hip fractures occurred in 1.2% of women on placebo and 0.7% on denosumab. The expected use is in women who cannot tolerate oral bisphosphonates. Other options in that situation include strontium ranelate and zoledronate, which, compared with placebo, also reduced the risk of clinical vertebral fractures [relative risk (RR) 0.65 and 0.23, respectively]. Zoledronate also significantly reduced the risk of hip fractures (RR 0.59). The ERG concluded that zoledronate was the main comparator. The relative cost-effectiveness of denosumab and zoledronate depends mainly on assumptions about costs of administration.
NEUČINKOVITOST VOJSKE KOT POKAZATELJ NEUSTREZNEGA CIVILNEGA NADZORA (1)
Authors: FURLAN BRANIMIR
Published: February 2021

Temeljni namen civilnega nadzora nad vojsko je preprečevati njuni neželeno (nedemokratično) vlogo in vedenje. V ta namen izvajalci nadzora uporabljajo mehanizme, ki morajo po eni strani zagotoviti pogoje za popolno podrejenost vojske civilnim oblastem, po drugi pa omogočiti pogoje, da lahko izpolnjuje svojo vlogo in poslanstvo v družbi. V demokratičnih družbah vojske ne pomenijo notranje grožnje, zato številni avtorji poudarjajo skrb za preudarno uporabo mehanizmov nadzora. Ti lahko negativno vplivajo na učinkovitost vojske za uresničevanje njenega poslanstva, s tem pa lahko tudi ogrožajo nacionalno varnost. Avtor v prispevku analizira odgovornost civilnih oblasti za učinkovitost vojske ter predlaga analitični model, ki omogoča ugotavljanje vzročno-posledične povezave med nadzorom in učinkovitostjo. V ta namen je oblikoval definicijo učinkovitosti in strukturo analize, ki vodi do odgovora na vprašanje, ali civilni nadzor podpira ali ovira vojsko pri doseganju učinkovitosti, nujne za uresničevanje njenega poslanstva.

The prevention of undesirable (undemocratic) role and behavior of the military within thesocietyisthemainpurposeofciviliancontrolofarmedforces. Civilianauthoritiesuse different mechanisms, on the one hand, to secure conditions for complete subordination of the military to civilian authorities, and, on the other hand, to enable prerequisites for the military to implement its role and mission within the society. Militaries no longer represent a threat to modern democracies. Therefore, many authors emphasize a need for a prudent application of control mechanisms, since they may have a negative impact on military effectiveness and may consequently threaten national security. The author analyses civilian responsibility for military effectiveness. He offers an analytical model that enables the identification of causal link between civilian control and military effectiveness. For this purpose, he develops a definition of military effectiveness, and recommends the structural analysis that can lead to an answer to whether the civilian control supports or hinders the military in achieving the required effectiveness when implementing its mission.
PILOTSKI PROJEKT: VOJAŠNIČNI KLUBI V SLOVENSKI VOJSKI IN POT NAPREJ
Authors: KANDUTI ANTON
Published: February 2021

Prispevek obravnava vzpostavitev in delovanje vojašničnih klubov v Slovenski vojski. Pripadnik je najpomembnejši dejavnik v delovanju Slovenske vojske. S profesionalizacijo Slovenske vojske je celostna skrb za pripadnike postala pomemben dejavnik. Namen prispevka je predstaviti trenutno stanje in oblikovanje dejavnosti ter programov za izboljšanje celostne skrbi za pripadnike Slovenske vojske. Model delovanja vojašničnih klubov še ni v celoti izoblikovan in uveljavljen v praksi. Dostopni so nekateri modeli, ki jih uporabljajo druge vojske v Natu in zunaj.
Rezultat dosedanjega dela pilotskega projekta je odprtje dveh vojašničnih klubov v vojaškem objektu Kadetnica v Mariboru in Vojašnici Jerneja Molana v Cerkljah ob Krki. Pri tem je vzpostavitev vojašničnih klubov dosegla naslednje cilje: izvajanje dejavnosti z lastnim kadrom, cenejše storitve za pripadnike SV in skozi delovanje vojašničnih klubov zagotavljanje upravičenosti delovanja projekta. Skozi testno obdobje pilotskega projekta smo dokazali, da je delovanje vojašničnih klubov v Slovenski vojski upravičeno. Na podlagi delovanja vojašničnih klubov bi lahko vzorec delovanja gostinske dejavnosti prenesli tudi na druge dejavnosti. S širitvijo števila dejavnosti bi lahko podprli večji nabor programov za dvig kakovosti celostne skrbi pripadnikov Slovenske vojske.

The article deals with the establishment and activities of military clubs in the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF). Personnel and individuals are the most important factor in SAF activities. With the professionalization of the SAF, the care for its servicemembers and their welfare became all the more important. The intent of the text is to present the current state of affairs and the development of activities and programmes to improve the welfare of SAF members. The actual model of the operation of military clubs is still not entirely designed and applied; however, some welfare models of foreign NATO and non-NATO armed forces’ are available.

As a result of the pilot project, two military clubs have opened, namely one in the “Kadetnica” facility in Maribor and one in “Jernej Molan” barracks at Cerklje ob Krki. In this respect, the objectives have been achieved, such as the engagement of the SAF’s own personnel, provision of low-priced products for SAF members, and justification of the project through the actual functioning of the clubs. The pilot testing period has thus proven the relevance of the idea. On the basis of club activities, the canteen services could be expanded to other areas as well, which would provide for a variety of programmes to raise the quality of SAF members’ welfare.
SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES SIZE AND CHARACTER
Authors: POTOČNIK VIKTOR
Published: February 2021

The text deals with the questions of the size and character of the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF). Ideas of downsizing the SAF’s active component have been present for quite a while, and have additionally gained momentum due to the limited defence resources. The article looks at the size of Slovenian armed structures from a historic perspective in the light of the tasks set before the SAF by the Defence Act. The article also deals with the SAF’s character and the source of its combat power – the infantry. Allied and other armies list several types of infantry, the fact which should be taken into consideration when deliberating on the type of infantry in the SAF. Of course, we are aware of the financial restrictions imposed on the SAF; therefore the conclusion includes some suggestions on how to achieve the proposed size and character of the SAF. The suggestions, however, are intended more as a base for a discussion and would have to be further analysed.

Besedilo obravnava vprašanji o obsegu in karakterju Slovenske vojske (SV). Že nekaj časa se namreč pojavljajo zamisli o nadaljnjem zmanjševanju stalne sestave SV, ki zaradi omejenih finančnih sredstev dobivajo še dodaten zagon. V članku je kratek zgodovinski pregled obsega oboroženih formacij slovenskega naroda v luči izpolnjevanja nalog SV, kot so zapisane v Zakonu o obrambi (ZoObr). Obravnavam tudi karakter SV in osrednjega vira njene bojne moči, in sicer pehote. Vojske v zavezništvu in širše poznajo več tipov pehote, kar je treba upoštevati, ko razmišljamo o tem, kakšno pehoto bomo v SV imeli. Seveda se zavedamo finančnih omejitev, ki jim je SV izpostavljena, zato v sklepnem delu predstavljamo nekaj predlogov, kako uresničiti predlagana obseg in značaj SV, ki so namenjeni dodatni razpravi in bi bili potrebni bolj poglobljene analize.
ASSESSMENTS FOR LEARNING IN GRADES 1-9 IN A SPECIAL SCHOOL FOR STUDENTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY IN SWEDEN
Authors: Anderson Lotta , Östlund Daniel
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to analyze teachers’ and paraprofessionals’ work and reflections on assessments for learning in a Swedish compulsory special school. Research has shown that assessment for learning is a powerful tool to improve student achievement. The theoretical perspectives discuss concepts such as situated learning and collaboration. The research adopted a participatory design; the researchers followed four teams, totally 20 teachers and paraprofessionals’ work through video observation, discussions, feedback and lectures on assessment. The teams documented classroom teaching and assessment of students' abilities in different subject. The data in this study are based on teams’ written texts. The texts are analyzed using a qualitative content analysis and contribute to research on formative assessment by including teachers as well as paraprofessionals. Results show, that professions have developed their educational philosophy and their ability to give children feedback, which will help their learning. The results also highlight the discussion between learning and caring, regarding the duties of teachers and paraprofessionals. A challenge for the teams is to unite the children’s care needs with the curriculum knowledge requirements and ensure them to learn within a holistic perspective. Teaching and assessing students with extensive learning difficulties and in need of alternative communication is another challenge for the teams as well as awareness that change processes take time.
Keywords: assessment for learning, intellectual disability, teacher, paraprofessional, special school
ADULT EDUCATION IN MOZAMBIQUE: BETWEEN EXPECTATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Manuel Alzira A. M. , Buque Domingos , Quive Rosário
Published: February 2021

Adult education has been and continues being an important area of education. In developing contexts, it is considered the way for social inclusion and poverty reduction and it is expected to provide knowledge, skills and values to youth and adults who did not get opportunity to education in their early age. Adult education also serves as a way to improve people’s competences throughout their life span. However, the concept of adult education in Mozambique has been used as literacy, referring only to the development of reading, writing and calculation skills. Using content analysis of documents, this research attempts to gain insight of adult education in the context of Mozambique. The findings reveal that adult education in the perspective of change and development as it is in Mozambique is linked to the objectives of poverty reduction and social inclusion. In this sense quality and relevance in adult education, as in other type of education, is needed to be able to develop functional knowledge and skills to youth and adults and allow them continuing learning in their life. Literacy and adult education have been considered an important field for social and economic development in the country, but contextual factors contribute to a narrow perspective of adult education, focusing mainly on literacy and numeracy as its final goal. Keywords: adult education, poverty reduction, social inclusion.
IMPLEMENTING THE COMPUTER-BASED NATIONAL EXAMINATION IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS: THE CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES
Authors: Retnawati Heri , Hadi Samsul , Nugraha Ariadie C. , Arlinwibowo Janu , Sulistyaningsih Eny , Djidu Hasan , Apino Ezi , Iryanti Heni D.
Published: February 2021

In line with technological development, the computer-based national examination (CBNE) has become an urgent matter as its implementation faces various challenges, especially in developing countries. Strategies in implementing CBNE are thus needed to face the challenges. The aim of this research was to analyse the challenges and strategies of Indonesian schools in implementing CBNE. This research was qualitative phenomenological in nature. The data were collected through a questionnaire and a focus group discussion. The research participants were teachers who were test supervisors and technicians at junior high schools and senior high schools (i.e. Level 1 and 2) and vocational high schools implementing CBNE in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were analysed using the Bogdan and Biklen model. The results indicate that (1) in implementing CBNE, the schools should initially make efforts to provide the electronic equipment supporting it; (2) the implementation of CBNE is challenged by problems concerning the Internet and the electricity supply; (3) the test supervisors have to learn their duties by themselves and (4) the students are not yet familiar with the beneficial use of information technology. To deal with such challenges, the schools employed strategies by making efforts to provide the standard electronic equipment through collaboration with the students’ parents and improving the curriculum content by adding information technology as a school subject.
Keywords: computer-based national examination, challenges in implementing CBNE, strategies for implementing CBNE.
Tracing and Mapping of Cultural Reserves as a Source of Information for Historical Tourism in Langsa City
Authors: Bukhari Bukhari , Anis Madhan , Ramazan Ramazan
Published: February 2021

Cultural heritage objects are evidence of historical heritage that is very useful in life, cultural heritage is also useful as a means of education as well as a historical tourism destination for the community. The purpose of this research is to find out historical heritage buildings in Langsa City, then to map the historical heritage buildings to be used as sources of information.The method in this study uses a historical method with stages namely the heuristic stage, the source criticism stage, the interpretation stage and the historiography stage. The result of the research is that there are five historical heritage buildings in Langsa City that have been designated as a Cultural Heritage with the Letter of the Mayor of Langsa in 2016. Then the mapping is carried out on the historical heritage which has been used as a source of information that is very helpful for local, regional, national and foreign tourists who visit Langsa City.
Effectiveness of Blood Learning Based on the Ethnochemical Approach Module on Improving Science Literation Abilities
Authors: Seprianto Seprianto , Hasibuan Molani Paulina
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of module-based online learning with an ethnochemical approach in improving students' scientific literacy skills. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The study population was students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Samudra University who were taking basic chemistry courses. The results showed an increase in science literacy skills based on the N-gain value in the experimental class of 0.54 in the medium category and 0.33 in the control class who were also in the medium category. Analysis with t test based on the posttest value obtained sig. (2-tailed) 0.030 or <0.05, which indicates a significant difference in the posttest scores of the two classes. Based on these two Kés, it can be concluded that module-based online learning with an ethnochemical approach is effective for improving students' scientific literacy skills. The results showed an increase in science literacy skills based on the N-gain value in the experimental class of 0.54 in the medium category and 0.33 in the control class who were also in the medium category. Analysis with t test based on the posttest value obtained sig. (2-tailed) 0.030 or <0.05, which indicates a significant difference in the posttest scores of the two classes. Based on these two Kés, it can be concluded that module-based online learning with an ethnochemical approach is effective for improving students' scientific literacy skills. The results showed an increase in science literacy skills based on the N-gain value in the experimental class of 0.54 in the medium category and 0.33 in the control class who were also in the medium category. Analysis with t test based on the posttest value obtained sig. (2-tailed) 0.030 or <0.05, which indicates a significant difference in the posttest scores of the two classes. Based on these two Kés, it can be concluded that module-based online learning with an ethnochemical approach is effective for improving students' scientific literacy skills.
The Effect of Local Culture, Institutional Organizational Culture on Employee Performance and Customer Satisfaction with Services
Authors: Rahmaddian Rahmaddian , Surapto Deni , Ayu A. K. Stefani Made
Published: February 2021

In this millennial era competition, there are many innovations to ensure the sustainability of a sustainable life in providing services to consumers, both products and services as expected by consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to have the quality of human resource performance to respond competitively in gaining market share. The success of high-performing employees is strongly influenced by innovative HR performance and organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior [Zhang, 2014]. To analyze local culture on organizational culture, to analyze organizational culture on organizational performance, to analyze employee performance on customer satisfaction with services. The method used in this research was quantitative descriptive strengthened by qualitative descriptive. The population of this study was all staffs of UPBJJ-UT. The sample and interview process were UPBJJ-UT which had local cultural characteristics. (Javanese Culture, UPBJJ-UT Yogyakarta, Sumatran Culture UPBJJ-UT Jambi / Pekanbaru, Timor Culture UPBJJ-UT Jayapura. The next analysis using the Hypothesis Tutorial in this study utilized the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. PLS is an alternative method of analysis with variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings in this study are many other organizations formed in the local UPBJJ-UT, local culture and the dominant organizational culture of the company is work culture; although the culture has been formed and influenced by leaders and newcomers in influencing the existing work culture to support service satisfaction, because the nature of distance higher education is independence. According to this research, institutions need to re-evaluate their cultural values and try to communicate about local culture and organizational culture; In addition, the researcher also found that UPBJJ-UT staffs preferred local culture that had been applied to the organizational culture for the island of Java, the majority of which held tightly to Eastern culture, while samples in the eastern regions where the average employees were natively from other provinces and more dominant than local human resources.
Ku-Band Low Noise Block Converter (LNB) Sync Application Design Using Android Based Solid Dish
Authors: Salat Junaidi , Setiawati Cut Lilis , Khalid Zikrul
Published: February 2021

Mobile phone users, especially the Android version of the smartphone, are increasingly spoiling their users. It is undeniable that users do not know their age, even many children have an Android version of the smartphone to play with. Meanwhile, in the satellite tracking world, the satellite tracking is still using TV when tracking the satellite so that it feels difficult. ApplicationLow Noise Block Converter is a video view application from a receiver to an Android smartphone that was built to make it easier for tracking satellites to track one of the satellites that you want to lock. This application also includes satellite tracking information facilities such as tracking guides, frequency updates, and satellite location. ApplicationLow Noise Block Converterbuilt with the Android Studio application using the Java programming language. With the creation of the applicationLow Noise Block Converter seas a new alternative to replace TV as a satellite tracking device or monitoring tool.
The impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs on the appropriateness of prophylaxis and antimicrobial therapy: the experience of the “F. Miulli” Hospital of Bari
Authors: Picerno Vincenzo , Caracciolo Gisella , Cortelletti Martina , Formoso Maurizio , Longobardo Vincenzo , Moramarco Angela , Celani Fabrizio
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The continuous increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) to optimize antimicrobial use, including selection, dose, duration, and way of administration.

Methods and Results: An “Antimicrobial Stewardship Team” (AST) was established at “F. Miulli” Hospital of Bari. The AST is a multidisciplinary group formed by a pharmacist, an infectious disease specialist, a microbiologist, an anesthetist and a hygienist. The AST has started a clinical path of professional interactions and optimization of antimicrobial use. The AST was focused on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, planning events/meetings with 13 wards of “F. Miulli” hospital and writing 13 operating guidelines. The AST was focused on antimicrobial therapies too. On this occasion, the AST did not organize events or meetings but was focused on professional interactions with clinicians to optimize the antimicrobial use in the treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. A reduction of antimicrobial use (defined daily dose, DDD) and pharmaceutical expenditure was reached in surgical wards during 2017-2018, while, in the same period, an increase of antimicrobial use (DDD) and pharmaceutical expenditure was observed in non-surgical wards.

Conclusions: The “Antimicrobial Stewardship Team” programs are essential to monitor the hospital economic resources and to support the purchase of the innovative antimicrobial therapies to treat multi-drug resistant pathogens.
Eficiência de sabonetes comerciais antissépticos contra bactérias patogênicas e análise dos rótulos
Authors: Leitzke Jeisa Patricia , Nierri Tatiany Alves , Hoscheid Jaqueline , Miranda Nathielle
Published: February 2021

Os sabonetes em barra com ação antisséptica são destinados à limpeza de resíduos presentes no corpo, sua utilização tem crescido significativamente em decorrência da preocupação da população com determinadas doenças causadas por contaminação microbiológica. Com isso, têm surgido no mercado diferentes marcas de sabonetes garantindo a eliminação de 99,9% das bactérias. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a análise comparativa do pH, atividade antibacteriana e rótulos de 5 diferentes marcas de sabonetes antibacterianos em barra, identificados como A, B, C D e E. Realizou-se a determinação do pH com auxílio de pHmetro digital, e na análise microbiológica utilizou-se a metodologia de disco difusão, com o intuito de observar a presença ou ausência da multiplicação das bactérias Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli frente aos diferentes sabonetes testados. Durante a análise da rotulagem dos sabonetes foi avaliada a presença do requisito “composição”, exigido pela resolução vigente.  Nos testes realizados constatou-se que o pH de todas as marcas testadas encontraram-se fora dos parâmetros estabelecidos. Na análise microbiológica observou-se que apenas a marca E, demonstrou efeito antisséptico frente às bactérias testadas. Os demais sabonetes apresentaram menor e até mesmo nenhum potencial de inibição do crescimento desses microrganismos. Os produtos analisados neste estudo apresentam em suas formulações duas substâncias ativas, o triclosan e o triclocarban, porém os mesmos podem ser nocivos para a saúde humana e meio ambiente, e induzirem a resistência bacteriana, por isso, alguns países já proibiram o uso destes ativos. Segundo os resultados obtidos é possível concluir que os rótulos presentes das embalagens destas diferentes marcas analisadas estão em desacordo com o estabelecido pelos fabricantes.
Características e efeitos da fototerapia em recém-nascidos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Faria Joana Frantz de , Ribeiro Aline Cammarano , Freitas Etiane de Oliveira , Senhem Graciela Dutra , Kegler Jaquiele Jaciara , Zamberlan Kellen Cervo , Mutti Cintia Flôres , Neves Eliane Tatsch
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as evidências científicas acerca das características e efeitos da fototerapia em recém-nascidos. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências de Saúde (LILACS), Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (MEDLINE) e Web of Science, com estratégias de busca com Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (DECS) e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Foram selecionados para análise 19 artigos no período entre 2011 a 2019, a partir da questão de revisão e dos critérios de inclusão. A análise dos estudos revelou dentre as evidências científicas: os tipos de fototerapia, sendo: convencional, diodo emissor de luz (LED), LED dupla, contínua e intermitente. E, a outra evidência encontrada foi acerca dos efeitos e usos da fototerapia, como: a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, estresse oxidativo, diminuição da globulina sérica, hipocalcemia, epilepsia, aumento de metabólitos. A fototerapia é benéfica, pois degrada a bilirrubina sérica evitando complicações como a Síndrome de Kernicterus.  Porém, o seu uso indiscriminado deve ser revisto e sua utilização necessita ser criteriosa para evitar a sessões de fototerapia em casos em que a bilirrubina não tenha atingido os níveis recomendados. Destaca-se a atuação da enfermagem no cuidado ao recém-nascido em fototerapia e necessita ter sua prática pautada em evidências científicas, uma vez que qualifica e humaniza o cuidado a partir das necessidades biopsicossociais, além desta qualificação permitir a melhor escolha de assistência ao recém-nascido e sua família.
Acidentes na primeira infância: contribuições da Enfermagem na construção de orientações preventivas
Authors: Magalhães Danielle de Fátima , Nobre Kwanna Fiuza de Toledo , Theis Laís Carolini , Basegio Luciane Favero
Published: February 2021

Identificar os principais acidentes que acometem as crianças na primeira infância e propor orientações preventivas aos pais ou responsáveis a fim de minimizar a incidência de acidentes e reduzir eventuais danos à saúde da criança. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com crianças de zero a seis anos atendidas em um hospital de referência em trauma em uma capital do sul do Brasil, no período de julho a agosto de 2020. Os resultados evidenciaram que o perfil de crianças acometidas por acidentes predomina-se do sexo masculino (55,2%), com idade média de 3,4 anos e a queda é o principal incidente que leva as crianças aos serviços de emergência, correspondendo a 69,1%. A partir dos resultados evidenciados e levantamento do perfil de acidentes mais prevalentes, foi elaborado um material educativo para orientação aos pais, familiares e cuidadores na prevenção de futuros acidentes. Conclui-se que as crianças estão expostas diariamente a inúmeros riscos, sendo imprescindível o papel do profissional enfermeiro nas ações de educação em saúde para prevenção de acidentes com o intuito de disseminar conhecimento e reduzir agravos.
Implantação de protocolo clínico para pacientes pediátricos com febre em um serviço de saúde 24 horas - Um relato de experiência
Authors: Oliveira Darken Eugênio de , Fernandes Bruna , Oliveira Dagna Karen de , Banovski Dyayne Carla , Stall Eduardo , Panatta Larissa , Araújo Stéphanie Pizatto de , Casaroto Sonia Mara , Barros Frieda Saicla
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi relatar a experiência da implantação do protocolo de intervenção da enfermagem para pacientes pediátricos com temperatura corporal maior que 37,8°C. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa do tipo relato de experiência de um grupo de discentes de medicina e três enfermeiros sobre a vivência durante a implantação de um protocolo clínico, entre os anos de 2019 e 2020. Resultados: No protocolo em vigor decidiu-se por aferir a temperatura axilar, sendo a febre classificada acima de 37,8°C, contraindicado antitérmicos se houver uso anterior em período inferior a seis horas e/ou relatos de alergia ao medicamento. Para crianças acima de três meses de idade, priorizou-se a administração dos fármacos dipirona e paracetamol, já em crianças maiores de seis meses há a possibilidade do uso de ibuprofeno.  Observou-se uma resistência dos pais e responsáveis no início da aplicação do protocolo no serviço, enquanto a aceitação do corpo clínico foi imediata. Os reflexos positivos do trabalho em equipe e da proatividade competente foram observados pelas acadêmicas frente ao atendimento prestado à população. Conclusão: A implantação de protocolos busca formalizar parcerias de trabalho, atuando como instrumento de padronização de condutas e manejo dos pacientes. A adoção dessa medida trouxe benefícios, proporcionando um atendimento mais organizado, rápido, humanizado e de qualidade.
Differential expression of VEGFA, TIE2, and ANG2 but not ADAMTS1 in rat mesenteric microvascular arteries and veins
Authors: Mecha Disassa N , Styp-Rekowska B , Hinz B , Da Silva-Azevedo L , Pries AR , Zakrzewicz A
Published: February 2021

Microvessels respond to metabolic stimuli (e.g. pO2) and
hemodynamic forces (e.g. shear stress and wall stress) with
structural adaptations including angiogenesis, remodeling and
pruning. These responses could be mediated by differential gene
expression in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Therefore, rat
mesenteric arteries and veins were excised by microsurgery, and
mRNA expression of four angioadaptation-related genes was
quantified by real time duplex RT-PCR in equal amounts of total
RNA, correlated to two different house keeping genes (ß-actin,
GAPDH). The results show higher expression of VEGFA, TIE2,
and ANG2 in arteries than in veins, but equal expression of
ADAMTS1. Higher availability of VEGFA mRNA in endothelial cells
of arteries shown here could contribute to the maintenance of
mechanically stressed blood vessels and counteract pressureinduced vasoconstriction.
Asymmetric dimethylarginine and the effect of folate substitution in children with familial hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus type 1
Authors: Jehlička P , Stožický F , Mayer O , Varvařovská J , Racek J , Trefil L , Siala K
Published: February 2021

A recently discussed cardiovascular risk factor, asymmetric
dimethylarginine (ADMA), is known to act as an endogenous
inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The aim of this
study was to establish 1) the relationship between ADMA and
ultrasonographically or biochemically determined endothelial
dysfunction in children, and 2) the effect of folate
supplementation on these parameters. The study cohort included
32 children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), 30 with
diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and 30 age-matched healthy
children as the control group. Furthermore, twenty-eight
randomly selected FH and DM1 children were re-examined after
3-months supplementation with folic acid. Baseline levels of
ADMA and oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) were
significantly higher in FH group than in DM1 and healthy children.
Children in DM1 group had significantly lower concentration of
homocysteine, but ADMA levels were normal. Folic acid
supplementation significantly lowered homocysteine and hsCRP
levels in both FH and DM1 group; however, ADMA and oxLDL
concentrations remained unaltered. In conclusion, ADMA and
oxLDL appear to be associated with endothelial dysfunction in
children with FH. Administration of folic acid did not influence
these markers in both FH and DM1 children.
Lower wall shear rate of the common carotid artery in treated type 2 diabetes mellitus with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Chytilová E , Malík J , Kasalová Z , Doležalová R , Štulc T , Češka R
Published: February 2021

Arterial sites with low wall shear stress (WSS) are more prone to
the development of atherosclerotic plaques, as was observed in
carotid arteries in subjects with atherosclerosis risk factors.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia and
other components of the metabolic syndrome, are associated
with high risk for symptomatic cerebrovascular disease. It was
shown by others that untreated type 2 DM is associated with
lower WSS in common carotid arteries. However, the
cardiovascular risk of type 2 DM could be modified by therapy.
The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that treated type
2 DM subjects with metabolic syndrome still have lower WSS in
common carotid arteries than healthy controls. We enrolled 26
compensated DM subjects with metabolic syndrome, treated by
metformin, statins and ACEI for more than 6 months, and 22
aged-comparable healthy controls. Wall shear rate (WSR) was
used as a measure of WSS. A linear 3-11 MHz probe was used to
measure blood velocity and internal diameter in the common
carotid arteries. We compared observed values of WSR adjusted
for age by ANCOVA. Wall shear rate was significantly lower in DM
group than in control subjects: peak (systolic) values of wall
shear rate were 410±130 s-1 vs. 487±111 s-1 (p<0.005). DM
subjects had significantly lower WSR, because of both thinner
lumen and slower blood flow velocities. Lower WSR was
accompanied by higher IMT (0.73±0.12 mm vs. 0.64±0.11 mm,
p<0.001). Treated subjects with compensated type 2 DM with
metabolic syndrome still have atherogenic hemodynamic profile.
These findings might help to understand faster progression of
atherosclerosis in diabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome
despite up-to-date medication.
The role of ghrelin in the regulation of food intake in patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dostálová I , Haluzík M
Published: February 2021

Gastrointestinal hormones play an important role in the
neuroendocrine regulation of food intake and postprandial
satiety. Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid orexigenic peptide produced
mainly by the stomach that is involved in both the long-term
regulation of body weight and the short-term regulation of
postprandial satiety. Impairments in ghrelin secretion may in
concert with other factors play an important role in the
development of both obesity and anorexia nervosa. Despite an
intensive research the critical factors regulating physiological
postprandial ghrelin response in healthy individuals and its
modification by the presence of obesity and anorexia nervosa are
only partially understood. The potential contribution of ghrelin to
the differences of diet- vs. surgical-induced weight losses in
morbidly obese patients is now also being recognized. The aim of
this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the
physiology and pathophysiology of ghrelin and to discuss its
potential in the prevention and/or treatment of obesity and
anorexia nervosa.
Satisfacción estudiantil en las maestrías de educación de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Authors: Romero-Ocas Silvio
Published: February 2021

La investigación aporta conocimiento de un indicador relevante para garantizar la calidad educativa en los programas de maestría de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), teniendo como objetivo establecer el nivel de satisfacción estudiantil global y por dimensiones, utilizando para su estudio el enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, transversal y descriptivo. En la muestra no probabilística accidental, participaron 217 estudiantes. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de datos fue un cuestionario conformado por 38 ítems con respuestas de escala de valoración tipo Likert, el diseño se realizó considerando tres dimensiones de la matriz de estándares del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación, Acreditación y Certificación de la Calidad Educativa (SINEACE). En los resultados se halló nivel medio de Satisfacción estudiantil global con un porcentaje de 59.8 %, y en cuanto a las dimensiones: Gestión estratégica, Formación integral y Soporte Institucional, también arrojaron nivel medio de satisfacción de 51 %, 62 % y 50 % respectivamente. Se concluyó que la dimensión Formación integral es la de mayor porcentaje de satisfacción. Finalmente, el estudio realizado contribuye científicamente para que las autoridades correspondientes tomen decisiones oportunas que aporten en la calidad educativa y la mejora continua.
Assessment of Ontogeny in the Coenopopulations of Vicia alpestris Steven in the Territory of Azerbaijan
Authors: Mammadova Z.
Published: February 2021

During the research, the evaluation of Vicia alpestris Steven species based on the study of age and ontogenetic age state in the ontogeny of the coenopopulations has been conducted, and the productivity was studied in the vegetation types up to the formation and association ranks. During the study of the coenopopulation structure, some demographic parameters, including indices of recovery and replacement, age index, coenopopulations types and vitality. The demographic structure was determined by the ratio of different ontogenetic age groups.
New Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases (Literature Review). Part 1
Authors: Chaulin
Published: February 2021

Laboratory biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis, establishing the prognosis of patients, and correcting therapy. Therefore, the search for new cardiovascular diseases biomarkers, as well as the study and clarification of their clinical and diagnostic value, is an important task of modern healthcare. This article discusses the clinical and diagnostic value of new cardiovascular diseases biomarkers. The classification of cardiovascular diseases biomarkers is given. In a comparative aspect, new markers specific to myocardial tissue (highly sensitive cardiac troponins) are considered. Some new non-myocardial tissue-specific markers, in particular myeloperoxidase, are also discussed.