bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Links Between Orbital Forcing, Antarctic Ice Volume, and the East Asian Hydrological Cycle Over the Pliocene
Authors: Wang Zhixiang , Mao Yongdong , Zhang Rui , Kemp David B. , Huang Chunju
Published: November 2023

Revealing the evolution of monsoonal intensity through the Pliocene on orbital timescales is of potential utility for providing insights into the response of Asian monsoons to future high pCO2 scenarios. Here, we report a continuous Pliocene cyclostratigraphic record from lake deposits of the Xinding Basin, Shanxi Graben, North China, and reconstruct the regional hydrological cycle from this location during ∼5.2 to 2.56 Ma. Our results show that regional hydrological cycling was consistently dominated by long‐and short‐eccentricity (405‐and 100‐kyr) forcing over the Pliocene. Gamma‐ray (GR) data (reflecting hydrodynamic changes) show strengthened 100‐kyr eccentricity power after ∼3.5 Ma, whereas 100‐kyr eccentricity power preserved in magnetic susceptibility (MS; interpreted as a proxy of pedogenesis and magnetic mineral dissolution) slightly weakened after ∼3.5 Ma. This orbital power transition at the 100‐kyr eccentricity scale may link to expansion of Antarctic ice volume after ∼3.5 Ma, which enhanced East Asian summer monsoon intensity and thus increased summer rainfall in North China, resulting in changes to hydrological cycling and the expression of eccentricity climate forcing in East Asian basins. In addition, our results demonstrate that the orbital configuration at ∼4.2–4.4 Ma could have been a contributory factor in strengthening the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon at this time.
Tectono‐Sedimentary Evolution of Shale‐Related Minibasins in the Karvandar Basin (South Sistan, SE Iran): Insights From Magnetostratigraphy, Isotopic Dating, and Sandstone Petrology
Authors: Ruh J. B. , Valero L. , Najafi M. , Etemad‐Saeed N. , Vouga J. , Mohammadi A. , Landtwing F. , Guillong M. , Cobianchi M. , Mancin N.
Published: November 2023

Sediments deposited into foreland basins can provide valuable insights related to the geological evolution of their hinterlands. Located in the peripheral foreland of the South Sistan Suture Zone (SE Iran), the Karvandar Basin exhibits a several‐kilometer‐thick shallow‐marine to continental clastic sedimentary sequence forming elongated sub‐circular synclines. These synclines overlie a mud‐dominated formation with exotic volcanic blocks that hosts one of Iran's largest mud volcano, known as Pirgel. In this study, we present a ∼3.5‐km‐thick magnetostratigraphic section and U‐Pb zircon ages of interlayered tuffs that constrain a depositional age of the Karvandar Basin of ∼24–17 Ma. Sandstone and microconglomerate framework analyses and paleocurrent directions suggest a first‐cycle active volcanic arc source to the northeast of the basin. We interpret the mud‐dominated lithology with volcanic blocks as an olistostrome originating from a similar source as the overlying clastic sequence. The deposition of the olistostrome is dated at ∼24.5 Ma by a U‐Pb calcite age from a coral block. The absence of large‐scale anticlines and the occurrence of angular unconformities suggest that the sub‐circular synclines in the Karvandar Basin formed by gravity‐driven downbuilding into the unconsolidated fluid‐saturated olistostrome, resembling salt‐related minibasins. Integrated results indicate that a late Oligocene to early Miocene Makran volcanic arc represents the source of the clastic sequence. Hence, our results provide new constraints on the initiation of arc volcanism related to the Makran subduction zone, predating earliest reported ages from the Mirabad pluton (19 Ma) to the northeast of the Karvandar Basin by ∼5 Myr.
Caveolin-1 mediates the utilization of extracellular proteins for survival in refractory gastric cancer
Authors: Hwang Nahee , Yoon Bo Kyung , Chun Kyu-Hye , Kim Hyeonhui , Lee Yoseob , Kim Jae-Won , Jeon Hyeonuk , Kim Tae-Hyun , Kim Mi-Young , Fang Sungsoon , Cheong Jae-Ho , Kim Jae-woo
Published: November 2023

Despite advances in cancer therapy, the clinical outcome of patients with gastric cancer remains poor, largely due to tumor heterogeneity. Thus, finding a hidden vulnerability of clinically refractory subtypes of gastric cancer is crucial. Here, we report that chemoresistant gastric cancer cells rely heavily on endocytosis, facilitated by caveolin-1, for survival. caveolin-1 was highly upregulated in the most malignant stem-like/EMT/mesenchymal (SEM)-type gastric cancer cells, allowing caveolin-1-mediated endocytosis and utilization of extracellular proteins via lysosomal degradation. Downregulation of caveolin-1 alone was sufficient to induce cell death in SEM-type gastric cancer cells, emphasizing its importance as a survival mechanism. Consistently, chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor, successfully blocked caveolin-1-mediated endocytosis, leading to the marked suppression of tumor growth in chemorefractory gastric cancer cells in vitro, including patient-derived organoids, and in vivo. Together, our findings suggest that caveolin-1-mediated endocytosis is a key metabolic pathway for gastric cancer survival and a potential therapeutic target.
Neuronal TIMP2 regulates hippocampus-dependent plasticity and extracellular matrix complexity
Authors: Ferreira Ana Catarina , Hemmer Brittany M. , Philippi Sarah M. , Grau-Perales Alejandro B. , Rosenstadt Jacob L. , Liu Hanxiao , Zhu Jeffrey D. , Kareva Tatyana , Ahfeldt Tim , Varghese Merina , Hof Patrick R. , Castellano Joseph M.
Published: November 2023

Functional output of the hippocampus, a brain region subserving memory function, depends on highly orchestrated cellular and molecular processes that regulate synaptic plasticity throughout life. The structural requirements of such plasticity and molecular events involved in this regulation are poorly understood. Specific molecules, including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP2) have been implicated in plasticity processes in the hippocampus, a role that decreases with brain aging as expression is lost. Here, we report that TIMP2 is highly expressed by neurons within the hippocampus and its loss drives changes in cellular programs related to adult neurogenesis and dendritic spine turnover with corresponding impairments in hippocampus-dependent memory. Consistent with the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the hippocampus we observe with aging, we find that TIMP2 acts to reduce accumulation of ECM around synapses in the hippocampus. Moreover, its deletion results in hindrance of newborn neuron migration through a denser ECM network. A novel conditional TIMP2 knockout (KO) model reveals that neuronal TIMP2 regulates adult neurogenesis, accumulation of ECM, and ultimately hippocampus-dependent memory. Our results define a mechanism whereby hippocampus-dependent function is regulated by TIMP2 and its interactions with the ECM to regulate diverse processes associated with synaptic plasticity.
Widespread and largely unknown prophage activity, diversity, and function in two genera of wheat phyllosphere bacteria
Authors: Dougherty Peter Erdmann , Nielsen Tue Kjærgaard , Riber Leise , Lading Helen Helgå , Forero-Junco Laura Milena , Kot Witold , Raaijmakers Jos M , Hansen Lars Hestbjerg
Published: November 2023

Environmental bacteria host an enormous number of prophages, but their diversity and natural functions remain largely elusive. Here, we investigate prophage activity and diversity in 63 Erwinia and Pseudomonas strains isolated from flag leaves of wheat grown in a single field. Introducing and validating Virion Induction Profiling Sequencing (VIP-Seq), we identify and quantify the activity of 120 spontaneously induced prophages, discovering that some phyllosphere bacteria produce more than 108 virions/mL in overnight cultures, with significant induction also observed in planta. Sequence analyses and plaque assays reveal E. aphidicola prophages contribute a majority of intraspecies genetic diversity and divide their bacterial hosts into antagonistic factions engaged in widespread microbial warfare, revealing the importance of prophage-mediated microdiversity. When comparing spontaneously active prophages with predicted prophages we also find insertion sequences are strongly correlated with non-active prophages. In conclusion, we discover widespread and largely unknown prophage diversity and function in phyllosphere bacteria.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-associated immune responses triggered by clinically relevant lipid nanoparticles in rats
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Wang Yisha , Yuan Changzheng , Xu Xiao , Zhou Wenbin , Huang Yuhui , Lu Huan , Zheng Yue , Luo Gan , Shang Jia , Sui Meihua
Published: November 2023

With the large-scale vaccination of lipid nanoparticles (LNP)-based COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, elucidating the potential polyethylene glycol (PEG)-associated immune responses triggered by clinically relevant LNP has become imminent. However, inconsistent findings were observed across very limited population-based studies. Herein we initiated a study using LNP carrier of Comirnaty® as a representative, and simulated real-world clinical practice covering a series of time points and various doses correlated with approved LNP-delivered drugs in a rat model. We demonstrated the time- and dose-dependency of LNP-induced anti-PEG antibodies in rats. As a thymus-independent antigen, LNP unexpectedly induced isotype switch and immune memory, leading to rapid enhancement and longer lasting time of anti-PEG IgM and IgG upon re-injection in rats. Importantly, initial LNP injection accelerated the blood clearance of subsequent dosing in rats. These findings refine our understandings on LNP and possibly other PEG derivatives, and may promote optimization of related premarket guidelines and clinical protocols.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the brain evolution of web-building spiders
Authors: Jin Pengyu , Zhu Bingyue , Jia Yinjun , Zhang Yiming , Wang Wei , Shen Yunxiao , Zhong Yu , Zheng Yami , Wang Yang , Tong Yan , Zhang Wei , Li Shuqiang
Published: November 2023

Spiders are renowned for their efficient capture of flying insects using intricate aerial webs. How the spider nervous systems evolved to cope with this specialized hunting strategy and various environmental clues in an aerial space remains unknown. Here we report a brain-cell atlas of >30,000 single-cell transcriptomes from a web-building spider (Hylyphantes graminicola). Our analysis revealed the preservation of ancestral neuron types in spiders, including the potential coexistence of noradrenergic and octopaminergic neurons, and many peptidergic neuronal types that are lost in insects. By comparing the genome of two newly sequenced plesiomorphic burrowing spiders with three aerial web-building spiders, we found that the positively selected genes in the ancestral branch of web-building spiders were preferentially expressed (42%) in the brain, especially in the three mushroom body-like neuronal types. By gene enrichment analysis and RNAi experiments, these genes were suggested to be involved in the learning and memory pathway and may influence the spiders’ web-building and hunting behaviour. Our results provide key sources for understanding the evolution of behaviour in spiders and reveal how molecular evolution drives neuron innovation and the diversification of associated complex behaviours.
Novel protic ionic liquids-based phase change materials for high performance thermal energy storage systems
Authors: Mokhtarpour Masumeh , Rostami Ali , Shekaari Hemayat , Zarghami Armin , Faraji Saeid
Published: November 2023

Phase change materials (PCMs) are an important class of innovative materials that considerably contribute to the effective use and conservation of solar energy and wasted heat in thermal energy storage systems (TES). The performance of TES can be improved by using environmentally friendly PCMs called ionic liquids (ILs) based on ethanolamines and fatty acids. The 2-hydroxyethylammonium, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium, and tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium palmitate ILs, which function is in the temperature range of 30–100 °C and provide a safe and affordable capacity, are introduced in this study for the first time as PCMs. PCMs' chemical composition and microstructure were examined using fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. DSC was used to evaluate the ILs' latent heat of fusion and specific heat capacity, while TGA was used to establish their thermal stability. Finally, a home-made device with a PCMs (synthesized ILs) container cell and a commercial thermoelectric generator device to record the real-time voltage (V) was used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy.
Ensuring generalized fairness in batch classification
Authors: Pal Manjish , Pokhriyal Subham , Sikdar Sandipan , Ganguly Niloy
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we consider the problem of batch classification and propose a novel framework for achieving fairness in such settings. The problem of batch classification involves selection of a set of individuals, often encountered in real-world scenarios such as job recruitment, college admissions etc. This is in contrast to a typical classification problem, where each candidate in the test set is considered separately and independently. In such scenarios, achieving the same acceptance rate (i.e., probability of the classifier assigning positive class) for each group (membership determined by the value of sensitive attributes such as gender, race etc.) is often not desirable, and the regulatory body specifies a different acceptance rate for each group. The existing fairness enhancing methods do not allow for such specifications and hence are unsuited for such scenarios. In this paper, we define a configuration model whereby the acceptance rate of each group can be regulated and further introduce a novel batch-wise fairness post-processing framework using the classifier confidence-scores. We deploy our framework across four real-world datasets and two popular notions of fairness, namely demographic parity and equalized odds. In addition to consistent performance improvements over the competing baselines, the proposed framework allows flexibility and significant speed-up. It can also seamlessly incorporate multiple overlapping sensitive attributes. To further demonstrate the generalizability of our framework, we deploy it to the problem of fair gerrymandering where it achieves a better fairness-accuracy trade-off than the existing baseline method.
Predicting multiple linear stapler firings in double stapling technique with an MRI-based deep-learning model
Authors: Fu Zhanwei , Li Shuchun , Zang Lu , Dong Feng , Cai Zhenghao , Ma Junjun
Published: November 2023

Multiple linear stapler firings is a risk factor for anastomotic leakage (AL) in laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR) using double stapling technique (DST) anastomosis. In this study, our objective was to establish the risk factors for ≥ 3 linear stapler firings, and to create and validate a predictive model for ≥ 3 linear stapler firings in laparoscopic LAR using DST anastomosis. We retrospectively enrolled 328 mid–low rectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic LAR using DST anastomosis. With a split ratio of 4:1, patients were randomly divided into 2 sets: the training set (n = 260) and the testing set (n = 68). A clinical predictive model of ≥ 3 linear stapler firings was constructed by binary logistic regression. Based on three-dimensional convolutional networks, we built an image model using only magnetic resonance (MR) images segmented by Mask region-based convolutional neural network, and an integrated model based on both MR images and clinical variables. Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and Youden index were calculated for each model. And the three models were validated by an independent cohort of 128 patients. There were 17.7% (58/328) patients received ≥ 3 linear stapler firings. Tumor size ≥ 5 cm (odds ratio (OR) = 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–5.60, p = 0.021) and preoperative carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) level > 5 ng/mL [OR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.20–4.04, p = 0.011] were independent risk factors associated with ≥ 3 linear stapler firings. The integrated model (AUC = 0.88, accuracy = 94.1%) performed better on predicting ≥ 3 linear stapler firings than the clinical model (AUC = 0.72, accuracy = 86.7%) and the image model (AUC = 0.81, accuracy = 91.2%). Similarly, in the validation set, the integrated model (AUC = 0.84, accuracy = 93.8%) performed better than the clinical model (AUC = 0.65, accuracy = 65.6%) and the image model (AUC = 0.75, accuracy = 92.1%). Our deep-learning model based on pelvic MR can help predict the high-risk population with ≥ 3 linear stapler firings in laparoscopic LAR using DST anastomosis. This model might assist in determining preoperatively the anastomotic technique for mid–low rectal cancer patients.
Sensor platform for assessment of water usage patterns in informal settlements
Authors: Rico Andres , Larson Kent , Gamboa Mayra
Published: November 2023

Rapid urbanization has intensified pressures on global water systems, particularly impacting informal settlements. Understanding water usage patterns within these settlements is of importance for better addressing water scarcity issues. Current methods for gaining information about water within these settings tend to lack spatio-temporal granularity and miss complex patterns of behavior related to water usage. As a consequence, there is a shortage of the reliable quantitative measurements needed to improve water management processes and modeling. Here we introduce a low-cost sensing platform for water assessment in informal settlements. Households within these types of settlements, lacking water utility connections and piping, often use storage tanks and buckets to distribute, store, and consume water; hence, the platform consists of four distinct sensor modules that can be placed on these types of water infrastructure. Evaluated in controlled settings, the sensors prove to be reliable for measuring water quantity, quality, and usage. Field testing within an informal community in Mexico reveals that the system can comprehensively track multiple tank storage levels, assess water quality, and capture bucket usage patterns without disrupting a household’s common activities or infrastructure. Our validation shows the technique’s potential to improve water management in informal communities, while opening opportunities for enhancement of water-related research and policy making through combinations of top-down and bottom-up interventions.
Spatial metabolomics identifies distinct tumor-specific and stroma-specific subtypes in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jun , Sun Na , Kunzke Thomas , Shen Jian , Zens Philipp , Prade Verena M. , Feuchtinger Annette , Berezowska Sabina , Walch Axel
Published: November 2023

Molecular subtyping of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has been performed at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level. However, LUSC stratification based on tissue metabolomics is still lacking. Combining high-mass-resolution imaging mass spectrometry with consensus clustering, four tumor- and four stroma-specific subtypes with distinct metabolite patterns were identified in 330 LUSC patients. The first tumor subtype T1 negatively correlated with DNA damage and immunological features including CD3, CD8, and PD-L1. The same features positively correlated with the tumor subtype T2. Tumor subtype T4 was associated with high PD-L1 expression. Compared with the status of subtypes T1 and T4, patients with subtype T3 had improved prognosis, and T3 was an independent prognostic factor with regard to UICC stage. Similarly, stroma subtypes were linked to distinct immunological features and metabolic pathways. Stroma subtype S4 had a better prognosis than S2. Subsequently, analyses based on an independent LUSC cohort treated by neoadjuvant therapy revealed that the S2 stroma subtype was associated with chemotherapy resistance. Clinically relevant patient subtypes as determined by tissue-based spatial metabolomics are a valuable addition to existing molecular classification systems. Metabolic differences among the subtypes and their associations with immunological features may contribute to the improvement of personalized therapy.
Integrated assessment of river development on downstream marine fisheries and ecosystems
Authors: Plagányi Éva , Kenyon Rob , Blamey Laura , Robins Julie , Burford Michele , Pillans Richard , Hutton Trevor , Hughes Justin , Kim Shaun , Deng Roy Aijun , Cannard Toni , Jarrett Annie , Laird Adrianne , Lawrence Emma , Miller Margaret , Moeseneder Chris
Published: November 2023

Demands on freshwater for human use are increasing globally, but water resource development (WRD) has substantial downstream impacts on fisheries and ecosystems. Our study evaluates trade-offs between WRDs and downstream ecosystem functioning considering alternative dam and water extraction options, diverse eco-hydrological responses and catchment-to-coast connectivity. We used a data-driven ensemble modelling approach to quantify the impacts of alternative WRDs. WRD impacts varied from weakly positive to severely negative depending on species, scenario and cross-catchment synergies. Impacts on fishery catches and the broader ecosystem (including mangroves) increased with catchment developments and volume of water removed, or if flow reduced below a threshold level. We found complex, linked-catchment dependence of banana prawns on flow and floods. Economic risks for this important fishery more than doubled under some scenarios. Sawfish emerged as the most sensitive across a range of WRD scenarios. Our findings highlight the need to consider marine ecosystems and fisheries to inform sustainable management of the world’s remaining free-flowing rivers.
Liquid–liquid phase separation and crystallization of aspirin polymorphs from a water–acetonitrile mixed solvent medium through a swift cooling process
Authors: Muthusamy Ramya , Karuppannan Srinivasan
Published: November 2023

Screening of form-I and form-II polymorphs of the pharmaceutical solid aspirin in the vicinity of liquid–liquid phase separation in water–acetonitrile solvent mixtures through a novel swift cooling crystallization process is successfully attained.
Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of indigo by NiMoS: energy saving and conversion improving
Authors: Liu Zihao , Yu Xunkai , Li Jie , Wei Dong , Peng Junjun , Jiang Huiyu , Liu Huihong , Mahmud Sakil
Published: November 2023

An NiMo alloy bonded with sulfur (NiMoS) exhibits enhanced surface affinity toward water and organic molecules, thereby enhancing electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) reactions through synergistic effects.
Preparation and isolation of mono-Nb substituted Keggin-type phosphomolybdic acid and its application as an oxidation catalyst for isobutylaldehyde and Wacker-type oxidation
Authors: Matono Takashi , Ueno Shinsuke , Kato Yuki , Umehara Naoya , Lang Zhongling , Li Yangguang , Ninomiya Wataru , Elhallal Maher , Gonzales-Yañez Edgar Osiris , Capron Mickael , Ishikawa Satoshi , Ueda Wataru , Sano Tsuneji , Sadakane Masahiro
Published: November 2023

Keggin-type mono-Nb substituted phosphomolybdic acid, H4PMo11NbO40, was prepared in a pure form.
Copper(ii) complexes of a furan-containing aroylhydrazonic ligand: syntheses, structural studies, solution chemistry and interaction with HSA
Authors: Moura Fagner da Silva , Sobrinho Ygor S. , Stellet Carolina , Serna Jilder D. P. , Ligiero Carolina B. P. , Yoguim Maurício I. , Cukierman Daphne S. , Diniz Renata , Alves Odivaldo C. , Morgon Nelson H. , de Souza Aguinaldo R. , Rey Nicolás A.
Published: November 2023

Impact of dimerization in a hydrazonic copper(ii) complex on the interaction with HSA is evaluated both experimentally and theoretically.
Atmospheric aging modifies the redox potential and toxicity of humic-like substances (HULIS) from biomass burning
Authors: Li Chunlin , Calderon-Arrieta Diego , Pardo Michal , Cai Dongmei , Laskin Alexander , Chen Jianmin , Rudich Yinon
Published: November 2023

Atmospheric aging through diverse reaction pathways modifies redox potential and composition of organic aerosols, leading to varied dynamic behaviors of aerosols in the respiratory system and endpoint toxic results.
Implementation and evaluation of the automated model reduction (AMORE) version 1.1 isoprene oxidation mechanism in GEOS-Chem
Authors: Yang Benjamin , Wiser Forwood C. , McNeill V. Faye , Fiore Arlene M. , Tao Madankui , Henze Daven K. , Sen Siddhartha , Westervelt Daniel M.
Published: November 2023

A chemical transport model with a graph theory-based isoprene oxidation mechanism is used to simulate ozone and fine particulate matter distributions needed to quantify health and climate impacts.
Powering the hydrogen future: current status and challenges of anion exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Hyun Jonghyun , Kim Hee-Tak
Published: November 2023

We conducted an objective comparison between the present performance and durability of AEMFCs with mature PEMFC technology. This review explains the pathway for AEMFCs by categorizing the materials, MEA designs, and various phenomena.
Designing polyurethane-based microcapsules with tailored swelling behaviours for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Wang Tongyi , Liu Yongsheng , Li Jiawei , Zhang Jun , Hou Jian , Yan Youguo , Wang Xiao
Published: November 2023

Polyurethane-based polymers are designed with tailored thermo-responsive swelling-release behaviours, and the roles of different segments in the swelling process are clarified.
Numerical investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of ternary nanofluids through convergent and divergent channels
Authors: Alqarni M. M. , Memon Abid A. , Memon M. Asif , Mahmoud Emad E. , Fenta Amsalu
Published: November 2023

The characteristics of nanomaterials have garnered significant attention in recent research on natural and forced convection.
Synthesis of biologically important tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) motifs using quantum dot photocatalyst and evaluation of their anti-bacterial activity
Authors: Deore Jiteshkumar P. , De Mrinmoy
Published: November 2023

We've developed an efficient method using WS2 QD to synthesize biologically important THIQ compounds with strong antimicrobial properties, offering potential as novel therapeutic agents.
Synthesis of chroman-annulated cyclopropanols via photoinduced intramolecular [2 + 1]-cycloaddition of 2-allyloxybenzaldehydes
Authors: Zaitseva Elvira R. , Opryshko Victoria E. , Ivanov Dmitrii S. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Baranov Mikhail S.
Published: November 2023

2-Allyloxybenzaldehydes undergo [2 + 1] cycloadditions under 365 nm LED irradiation to form the corresponding chroman-fused cyclopropanols.
Boosting the efficiency of deep-red Ir(iii) complexes by modulating nitrogen atoms for high-performance OLEDs
Authors: Wen Li-Li , Zhang Jia-Ming , Han Yi-Ping , Duan Ying-Chen , Xie Wen-Fa , Shao Kui-Zhan , Shan Guo-Gang , Su Zhong-Min
Published: November 2023

By introducing more nitrogen atoms into molecular skeleton, deep-red-emitting Ir(qabt)2IPO exhibits higher PLQY and EQE compared with referent Ir(iqbt)2IPO.
Data science enabled discovery of a highly soluble 2,2′-bipyrimidine anolyte for application in a flow battery
Authors: Pancoast Adam R. , McCormack Sara L. , Galinat Shelby , Walser-Kuntz Ryan , Jett Brianna M. , Sanford Melanie S. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: November 2023

Non-linear threshold analysis enabled discovery of a highly soluble (1.3 M) bipyrimidine anolyte. Stable cycling in a full flow battery cell for 75 cycles.
Self-assembled triple-conductive La2Ni1 − xCe2xO4+δ cathodes for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Deng Xiangbo , Tong Hua , Tao Zetian
Published: November 2023

A novel composite cathode with triple conductivity and excellent stability is prepared for proton-conducting SOFCs using one-step combustion method. The dual phase composite cathode presents an excellent performance of 1516 mW cm−2 at 700 °C.
Theory of the center-of-mass diffusion and viscosity of microstructured and variable sequence copolymer liquids
Authors: Shi Guang , Schweizer Kenneth S.
Published: November 2023

We present a microscopic dynamical theory for the slowing down of copolymer center-of-mass diffusion in the strongly segregated homogeneous microemulsion state. Our findings are pertinent to synthetic copolymers and biomolecular condensates.
Inner‐Product Matchmaking Encryption: Bilateral Access Control and Beyond Equality
Authors: Chu Qiaohan , Fu Anmin , Qian Haifeng , Chen Jie
Published: November 2023

We present an inner‐product matchmaking encryption (IP‐ME) scheme achieving weak privacy and authenticity in prime‐order groups under symmetric external Diffie–Hellman (SXDH) assumption in the standard model. We further present an IP‐ME with Monotone Span Program Authenticity (IP‐ME with MSP Auth) scheme, where the chosen sender policy is upgraded to MSP, and the scheme also achieves weak privacy and authenticity in prime‐order groups under SXDH assumption in the standard model. Both of the schemes have more expressive functionalities than identity‐based matchmaking encryption (IB‐ME) scheme, and are simpler than Ateniese et al.’s modular ME scheme (Crypto’ 19). But our schemes only achieve a very limited flavor of security, which is reflected in the privacy.
Improved dielectric and energy storage properties of three‐dimensional BaTiO3/polyvinyl alcohol‐boron nitride flexible dielectric composite via template infiltration strategy
Authors: Yang Yongzhi , Chao Jinxiang , Jiang Peng , Xu Runhan , Li Yuchao , Zhan Yanhu , Shi Zhicheng , Liao Chengzhu
Published: November 2023

Continuous three‐dimensional BaTiO3 (3DBT) ceramic network was prepared by the sol‐gel method using cleanroom wipers as the template. Subsequently, flexible 3DBT/polyvinyl alcohol‐boron nitride nanosheets (PVA‐BNNS) composite dielectric films were facilely fabricated by inversely introducing different BNNS concentrations of PVA‐BNNS solution into the 3DBT network. The results demonstrated that PVA solution effectively embedded into the 3DBT framework through an inverse infiltration process, thereby endowing the material with excellent flexibility. The content of 3DBT in the saturated 3DBT/PVA‐BNNS composite was ∼27 wt% (6.9 vol%). In addition, the 3DBT/PVA‐1.0%BNNS system exhibited an excellent dielectric constant of 17.4 (at 1 kHz), a high breakdown strength of 114.5 kV·mm−1 and an energy density of 2.51 J·cm−3 (at 110 kV·mm−1), being 1.67, 1.58 and 7.17 times higher than those of traditional fabricated 27 wt% nano‐BT/PVA (at 70 kV·mm−1) composite, respectively. What's more, the obtained 3DBT/PVA‐BNNS dielectric film exhibited superior thermal and mechanical stability, indicating potential applications in harsh environments.
Asymmetric capture into Neptunian 1:2 resonance
Authors: Li Hailiang , Zhou Li-Yong
Published: November 2023

The asymmetric resonance configuration characterised by the critical angle librating around centres other than 0° or 180° is found in the 1:N mean motion resonance. The asymmetric 1:2 resonance with Neptune is of particular interest because the two asymmetric islands seem to host different populations, and this might be a direct clue to understanding the early evolution of the Solar System. The asymmetry has been investigated from both observational and theoretical perspectives, but conclusions among studies vary widely. In this paper, using toy models, we carefully designed a series of tests to systematically study the capture of planetesimals into the leading and trailing resonance islands. Although these tests may not exactly reproduce the real processes the Solar System experienced, they reveal some typical dynamics in the resonance capture. Since the real Twotinos have small to moderate inclinations, as a first attempt, we adopted planar models in this paper in order to investigate the mechanisms that may lead to asymmetric capture by the leading and trailing islands, including their size variation during the outward migration of Neptune, the stickiness of the leading island, and the migration slowdown effect. We find that the ratio between the populations of the leading and trailing islands can be easily tuned by introducing the slowdown effect into the migration model, and thus it may not be a good tracer of the migration history. However, the eccentricity of objects trapped in two asymmetric islands may conserve some valuable information of the early evolution of the Solar System.
Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): HD 34700 A unveils an inner ring
Authors: Columba G. , Rigliaco E. , Gratton R. , Mesa D. , D’Orazi V. , Ginski C. , Engler N. , Williams J. P. , Bae J. , Benisty M. , Birnstiel T. , Delorme P. , Dominik C. , Facchini S. , Menard F. , Pinilla P. , Rab C. , Ribas Á. , Squicciarini V. , van Holstein R. G. , Zurlo A.
Published: November 2023

Context. The study of protoplanetary disks is fundamental to understand their evolution and interaction with the surrounding environment, and to constrain planet formation mechanisms.

Aims. We aim to characterise the young binary system HD 34700 A, which shows a wealth of structures.

Methods. Taking advantage of the high-contrast imaging instruments SPHERE at the VLT, LMIRCam at the LBT, and of ALMA observations, we analyse this system at multiple wavelengths. We study the morphology of the rings and spiral arms and the scattering properties of the dust. We discuss the possible causes of all the observed features.

Results. We detect for the first time, in the Hα band, a ring extending from ~65 au to ~120 au, inside the ring which is already known from recent studies. These two have different physical and geometrical properties. Based on the scattering properties, the outer ring may consist of grains with a typical size of aout ≥ 4 µm, while the inner ring has a smaller typical size of ain ≤ 0.4 µm. Two extended logarithmic spiral arms stem from opposite sides of the disk. The outer ring appears as a spiral arm itself, with a variable radial distance from the centre and extended substructures. ALMA data confirm the presence of a millimetric dust substructure centred just outside the outer ring, and detect misaligned gas rotation patterns for HD 34700 A and B.

Conclusions. The complexity of HD 34700 A, revealed by the variety of observed features, suggests the existence of one or more disk-shaping physical mechanisms. Our findings are compatible with the presence inside the disk of an as of yet undetected planet of several Jupiter masses and the system interaction with the surroundings, by means of gas cloudlet capture or flybys. Further observations with JWST/MIRI or ALMA (gas kinematics) could shed more light on them.
Third-order exponential integrator for linear Klein–Gordon equations with time and space-dependent mass
Authors: Kropielnicka Karolina , Lademann Karolina
Published: November 2023

Allowing for space- and time-dependence of mass in Klein–Gordon equations resolves the problem of negative probability density and of violation of Lorenz covariance of interaction in quantum mechanics. Moreover it extends their applicability to the domain of quantum cosmology, where the variation in mass may be accompanied by high oscillations. In this paper we propose a third-order exponential integrator, where the main idea lies in embedding the oscillations triggered by the possibly highly oscillatory component intrinsically into the numerical discretisation. While typically high oscillation requires appropriately small time steps, an application of Filon methods allows implementation with large time steps even in the presence of very high oscillation. This greatly improves the efficiency of the time-stepping algorithm. Proof of the convergence and its rate are nontrivial and require alternative representation of the equation under consideration. We derive careful bounds on the growth of global error in time discretisation and prove that, contrary to standard intuition, the error of time integration does not grow once the frequency of oscillations increases. Several numerical simulations are presented to confirm the theoretical investigations and the robustness of the method in all oscillatory regimes.
Anticoagulation-Associated Bleeding in Patients Screened for Atrial Fibrillation versus Usual Care—A Post Hoc Analysis from the LOOP Study
Authors: Kongebro Emilie Katrine , Diederichsen Søren Zöga , Xing Lucas Yixi , Haugan Ketil Jørgen , Graff Claus , Højberg Søren , Olesen Morten S. , Krieger Derk , Brandes Axel , Køber Lars , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup
Published: November 2023

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence is rising; however, data on the bleeding risks associated with the detection of subclinical AF are needed.

Objective Our objective was to determine the bleeding increment associated with implantable loop recorder (ILR) screening for subclinical AF and subsequent anticoagulation initiation compared with usual care.

Methods This post hoc study utilized LOOP trial data from 6,004 elderly patients with stroke risks randomized to either ILR (n = 1,503) or usual care (n = 4,503). The mean follow-up time was 64.5 months, and none were lost to follow-up. The primary exposure was the initiation of oral anticoagulation, and the main outcome was the risk of major bleeding events following initiation of oral anticoagulants (OACs), determined by time-dependent cox regression. Second, we investigated antithrombotic prescription patterns and major bleeding events after antiplatelet treatment and in subgroups.

Results OAC was initiated in 1,019 participants with a mean age (years) of 78.8 (± 4.67) in control versus 77.0 (± 4.84) in ILR, p < 0.0001. Altogether did 202 participants end or pause OAC treatment. Among AF patients (n = 910) had 40 (28%) completely ended OAC and 105 (72%) temporarily paused OAC during follow-up. Major bleeding events totaled 221 (3.7%). Forty-seven major bleeding events followed an OAC initiation in 1,019 participants (4.6%); 26 versus 21 events in the control and ILR groups, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) for major bleeding after OAC initiation compared with before initiation was 2.08 (1.50–2.90) p < 0.0001 overall, 2.81 (1.82–4.34) p < 0.0001 for control and 1.32 (0.78–2.23) p = 0.31 for the ILR group (p = 0.07 for interaction). Antiplatelet treatment resulted in an overall adjusted HR of 1.3 (0.96–1.75) p = 0.09. For OAC users aged ≥75 years in the ILR group, the rate of major bleeding was 1.73 (0.92–2.96) compared with 0.84 (0.36–1.66) for an age <75 years, and the rate of the corresponding control subgroup aged ≥75 years was 2.20 (1.23–3.63) compared with 1.64 (0.82–2.93) for an age <75 years.

Conclusion The individual risk of major bleeding increased twofold after initiation of oral anticoagulation for all patients in this study. However, the patients screened for subclinical AF did not have a higher bleeding risk after initiation of anticoagulation compared with those in usual care.

Trial Registration: The LOOP study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT020364 50
The politics of higher education: the European Higher Education Area through the eyes of its stakeholders in France and Italy
Authors: Kushnir Iryna , Yazgan Nuve
Published: November 2023

This article explores recent politics of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by focusing on the examination of the continuing involvement of France and Italy in it, which are two – of the EHEA’s founding countries. The study reported in this article is built on a theoretical observation that higher education is political. It relies on expert interviews with representatives from key policy-making institutions in France and Italy, and key recent EHEA official communications. The thematic analysis of these data sources reveals that the EHEA is not just a forum for higher education cooperation, but a political platform for cross-country relations in the European region and a platform for generating responses to crises. Additionally, specifically, France’s and Italy’s continuing involvement in the EHEA has a particular political undertone dictated by the internal politics of both countries and the evolving politics of the EHEA. This study contributes to a better understanding of the political nature of the EHEA and its implications for higher education policy outcomes.
A socio-cultural discourse study of cultural-political elites’ stances on LGBTI+ identities and practices in Ghana
Authors: Puorideme Dennis , Diedong Africanus Lewil
Published: November 2023

Recently, cultural-political elites made competing and conflictual statements regarding LGBTI+ identities and practices in Ghana which attracted national and international attention. How do cultural-political elites discursively construct LGBTI+ discourse in postcolonial Ghana and what are the implications? This study employed qualitative methodology and engaged discourse theory and method to analyse cultural-political elites’ discursive practices and stances on LGBTI+ discourse in Ghana. The analytical method is dialectical and focuses on the relationship between the data (text) and sociocultural and political context for meaning making. Social relations of knowledge and statements articulated to power-knowledge provide the analytical framework. The study demonstrates that essentialising the cultures and traditions of Ghana short of a detailed concrete contextual definition of the complex multicultural and multiethnic post-colonial nation limits the socio-cultural interpretation, understanding and stances on LGBTI+ discourse in Ghana and can lead to ambiguities and contradictions. Different social actors take divergent positions in their interpretations and understanding of LGBTI+ discourse in Ghana. Also, the study notes that attempts at understanding sexuality, especially, LGBTI+ discourse and same-sex intimacies in non-western societies requires dialogue and intercultural engagements capable of promoting human existence in a socially cohesive and harmonious manner.
Flat bands and high Chern numbers in twisted multilayer graphene
Authors: Yang Mengxuan
Published: November 2023

Motivated by recent Physical Review Letters of Wang and Liu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(17), 176403 (2022)] and Ledwith, Vishwanath, and Khalaf [Phys. Rev. Lett. 128(17), 176404 (2022)], we study [G. Tarnopolsky, A. Kruchkov, and A. Vishwanath, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(10), 106405 (2019)] chiral model of two sheets of n-layer Bernal stacked graphene twisted by a small angle using the framework developed by Becker et al. [Probab. Math. Phys. 3(1), 69 (2022)]. We show that magic angles of this model are exactly the same as magic angles of chiral twisted bilayer graphene with multiplicity. For small inter-layer tunneling potentials, we compute the band separation at Dirac points as we turning on the tunneling parameter. Flat band eigenfunctions are also constructed using a new theta function argument and this yields a complex line bundle with the Chern number −n.
Frequency combs induced by optical feedback and harmonic order tunability in quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Silvestri Carlo , Qi Xiaoqiong , Taimre Thomas , Rakić Aleksandar D.
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the interaction between frequency combs and optical feedback effects in Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs). The theoretical analysis reveals new phenomena arising from the interplay between comb generation and feedback. By considering the bias current corresponding to free-running single mode emission, the introduction of optical feedback can trigger the generation of frequency combs, including both fundamental and harmonic combs. This presents opportunities to extend the comb region and generate harmonic frequency combs with different orders through optimization of external cavity parameters, such as losses and length. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that optical feedback can selectively tune the harmonic order of a pre-existing free-running comb by adjusting the external cavity length, particularly for feedback ratios around 1%, which are readily achievable in experimental setups. Under strong feedback conditions (Acket parameter C > 4.6), mixed states emerge, displaying the features of both laser and external cavity dynamics. While this study is predominantly centered on terahertz QCLs, we have also confirmed that the described phenomena occur when utilizing mid-infrared QCL parameters. This work establishes a connection between comb technology and the utilization of optical feedback, providing new avenues for exploration and advancement in the field. In fact, the novel reported phenomena open a pathway toward new methodologies across various domains, such as the design of tunable comb sources, hyperspectral imaging, multi-mode coherent sensing, and multi-channel communication.
The U(1) BF functional measure and the Dirac distribution on the space of quantum fields
Authors: Thuillier F.
Published: November 2023

In this article, we explain how the U(1) BF measure can be related to the Fourier transform of a Dirac distribution defined on the Z-module of quantum fields. Then, we revisit the U(1) BF partition function with the help of this Dirac distribution and finally shed light on a natural relation between the U(1) BF and Chern-Simons theories.
Supervised machine learning-based multivariate regression of parallel closures for a high-collisionality deuterium-carbon plasma
Authors: Lee Min Uk , Ji Jeong-Young , Lee Hae June
Published: November 2023

Many plasmas of interest in laboratory experiments and space consist of multiple ion species. In tokamak edge plasmas, for instance, ionized impurities expelled from the vessel wall influence plasma transport. When describing multi-species plasmas using fluid equations, we need accurate closure relations to close the set of fluid equations. In this study, we introduce the development of fitting formulas for parallel closures using supervised machine learning, in conjunction with the recent closure theory [J.-Y. Ji, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 65, 075014 (2023)], considering multi-ion collisions and arbitrary ion temperatures. We apply this approach to a high-collisionality deuterium-carbon plasma and demonstrate its effectiveness. The machine learning-based method for developing practical and accurate closures can be extended to a wider range of plasmas.
Experimental investigation of characteristics and influence of tip leakage vortex wandering in an axial compressor cascade
Authors: Shi Lei , Yan Wenxuan , Ma Hongwei , Wang Tianyou
Published: November 2023

Vortex wandering is one of the most basic unsteady flow characteristics of the tip leakage vortex (TLV) in compressors. In this study, stereo particle image velocimetry (stereo-PIV) has been conducted in compressor cascades with various tip clearances to investigate the characteristics and influence of TLV wandering. The most effective vortex identification method for stereo-PIV data has been clarified. The wandering characteristics of the TLV are statistically analyzed, and the relationship between the vortex wandering and the dominant proper orthogonal decomposition mode is identified. The results reveal that TLV preferentially wanders along the pitchwise direction in the blade channel and gradually loses the dominant wandering direction downstream of the blade. The large displacement of the vortex center around its mean location is characterized by higher probabilities at small tip clearance size (1% chord length C). The spatial distribution characteristics demonstrate similarly concentric isocontour around the mean vortex center location for large tip clearances (3% and 5% chord length C). The effect of TLV wandering on the secondary velocity distribution, the tip flow blockage, and the distribution of Reynolds stress is explored using the vortex wandering corrected technique. The analysis verifies that the elevated turbulence kinetic energy in the core of the time-averaged uncorrected TLV is caused by vortex wandering rather than vortex deformation. The discussions of the current paper will enhance our knowledge of TLV wandering. Regardless of the reference to TLV, the interpretation of other swirling flows can benefit from the discussions presented here.