bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithm Study on Improving Application Efficiency of Independent Solar Power Supply System
Authors: Cao Jigang
Published: October 2016

With the development of photovoltaic (PV) technologies, applications of photovoltaic have grown rapidly, indicating that the photovoltaic are attractive to produce environmentally benign electricity for diversified purposes. In order to maximize the use of solar energy, this thesis focuses on the PV power generation systems, which includes modeling of PV systems, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods for PV arrays. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method is an important means to improve the system efficiency of PV power generation system. MPPT theory and various MPPT algorithms are introduced in the literature. Based on those researches, this thesis proposes a novel implementation of an adaptive duty cycle P&O algorithm that can reduce the main drawbacks commonly related to the traditional P&O method.
Network Key Equipment Design Adapted to Underground Pipe Rack and Urban Energy Metering
Authors: Zhang Haodong , He Zhiqiang , Rao Xiaohong
Published: October 2016

Traditional energy automatic metering management scheme has solved the two level problem of monitoring and application, but there is shortcoming at the transport level. Along with the advancement of industrialization and informationization, a variety of sensing devices, interconnection and unified transport demand is becoming more and more urgent. Based on FPGA platform and multichannel parallel MBUS communication mode, fusion NB - IoT technology, this paper puts forward a suitable for underground pipe rack and the network of urban energy metering design method of key equipment, it is a good way to adapt to a variety of field and meet the requirements of multiple class sensor interconnectivity unified transmission, has the very good application value.
Research on Control Technology of Concentrated Coal Mine Rail Transport Intelligence
Authors: Song Guodong , Yang Xiaohui , Gao Jianfeng , Wu Wenzhen
Published: October 2016

Based on a matrix of interlocking control strategy, industrial plc control technology, field bus communication technology of mine shaft orbit transportation intelligent centralized control technology and implementation method are introduced in this paper. Line operation using the multi section partition method to draw intuitive control strategy, simplifying the interlock logic, to realize the intelligent management and dispatching of the railway train, improve transport efficiency; application of plc and fieldbus technology improves the stability and reliability of the system operation, convenient underground site operation personnel and ground remote scheduling scheduling staff to keep abreast of the train running state, issued instruction scheduling, to ensure the smooth of mine transportation operation. Promote the automation and intelligent development of coal transportation, to improve the level of information technology in coal mine production scheduling, decision-making is of great significance.
The Research and Development on CTJ10/96-6, the Strong Exhaust Driven by Air Pressure Sanitary Device of the Mine Rescue System
Authors: Liang Deyang , Ouyang Guoqiang , Jiang Qiusheng
Published: October 2016

According to the technical specification requirements of the mine rescue system, CTJ10/96-6, we design a strong exhaust sanitary device driven by air pressure based on pneumatic control, which adopts a key control by mechanical button. It implements many functions, such as flushing and sealing the smell, measuring and strong exhaust by using mechanical and pneumatic transmission. It also meets the demand of design requirements for the safety and explosion-proof of the mine rescue system. 
Show Me the Evidence
Authors: Budin Wendy C.
Published: October 2016

In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education discusses the need for current high-quality evidence to guide clinical practice. The editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote, support, and protect natural, safe, and healthy birth.
Who Knew Life Could Be This Good?
Authors: Pagano Megan
Published: October 2016

This birth story describes the challenges of a fast first labor. The mother’s determination and the support of her husband, midwife, and mother-in-law, and prayer, helped her manage a roller-coaster labor that lasted only 5 hours. She describes labor as the most painful and challenging experience of her life. She describes her joy as “who knew life could be this good.”
The Role of the Childbirth Educator in Supporting Vaginal Birth and Reducing Primary Cesareans: Highlights From the California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative Toolkit
Authors: Amis Debby
Published: October 2016

Maternity care organizations, including the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, have identified reducing the rate of primary cesarean births as an urgent health-care priority. Particular emphasis is placed on reducing the cesarean rate for nulliparous women who are at term with a singleton baby in the vertex position. The California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative recently published an evidence-based, comprehensive Toolkit to Support Vaginal Birth and Reduce Primary Cesareans for this population. This article highlights the recommended strategies from the Toolkit of particular interest to childbirth educators.
Birth Plans: Encouraging Patient Engagement
Authors: Waller-Wise Renece
Published: October 2016

Patient engagement is defined as a set of actions by patients, family members, and health-care providers that promotes patients and family members as active participants of the health-care team. As focus turns toward patient engagement where patients have an active role in their health care, childbirth educators and nurses are in a position to support patient choices. The focus is to assist the engaged woman to stay engaged and to encourage those not engaged to become engaged. The results can be improved patient care outcomes and improved patient satisfaction. One way to promote patient engagement can be the birth plan. This process can be facilitated through education of choices and assisting with writing choices into a formal birth plan.
Infant Feeding in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: Perceptions and Experiences of Maternal Grandmothers
Authors: Young Felicie , Twells Laurie , Joy Rhonda , Newhook Leigh Anne , Goodridge Janet Murphy , Burrage Lorraine
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the primary factors that influenced grandmothers’ choices of infant feeding and to explore the role that grandmothers feel they played in their daughters’ choices about infant feeding. Twenty-two maternal grandmothers who bottle fed their children and whose daughters also bottle fed their babies were recruited to participate in 4 focus groups and/or 2 interviews. Using the constant comparative method of data analysis, 3 themes emerged that described how grandmothers felt about their infant feeding experiences: “powerlessness,” “modesty,” and “ambivalence.” These themes and their implications are discussed in this article.
Prenatal Education: Program Content and Preferred Delivery Method From the Perspective of the Expectant Parents
Authors: Kovala Stephanie , Cramp Anita G. , Xia Liudi
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this research is to better understand expectant parents’ perception of importance regarding a wide range of prenatal education topics and their information delivery method preferences. One hundred and eighty-one expectant parents completed the investigator-developed survey tools. Most of the participants rated each item on the Perceived Importance of Topics survey as “important” or “very important.” Overall, the topics of Newborn Safety, Birth, and Breastfeeding had the highest percentage of participants who indicated the topic was “very important.” Most of the respondents (47.5%, n = 86) indicated that their preference was to attend face-to-face-prenatal education sessions. Additional delivery method preferences are discussed. Findings from this study provide valuable information to inform future prenatal education program content and delivery.
Gestational Weight Gain Through a Health Literacy Lens: A Scoping Review
Authors: Champlin Sara , Walker Lorraine O. , Mackert Michael
Published: October 2016

Few women gain the recommended amount of weight during pregnancy, which has health implications for mothers and their newborns. Work in this area focuses on factors that are difficult to change. The purpose of this project was to review literature on a more patient-centered concept—health literacy. A scoping review was conducted to determine whether aspects of health literacy are included in gestational weight gain (GWG) research. Thirty articles were selected for review. Although these studies included health literacy aspects indirectly, only 2 directly measured health literacy using existing measures. Work that incorporates health literacy in a GWG context is needed. Health literacy may be a critical, yet understudied, factor in understanding why GWG falls outside of the recommendations.
Interrelationship Among School Characteristics, Parental Involvement, And Children’s Characteristics In Predicting Children’s Victimization By Peers: Comparison Between The United States And Three Eastern Asia Countries
Authors: Lee Gang , Kim Yanghee
Published: October 2016

To identify ways that national culture, school characteristics, and individual attributes impact the victimization of students in Grade 8, data from the United States and three East Asian countries (i.e., Japan, S. Korea, and Taiwan) were compared using the 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Hierarchical Liner Modeling (HLM). The school-level factors measured by school size, school resources, and perceived behavioral problems on campus did not predict middle school students’ victimization in the United States, but significant positive parental involvement and negative school resources were found to impact the victimization of students in the East Asian countries. Regarding the effects of the student-level variables, boys, in comparison to girls and students showing less attachment to the schools, were more victimized in U.S. and East Asian schools. Individual students’ perceived parental monitoring was a significant and positive predictor of students’ victimization in the East Asian schools only. The standard test scores in mathematics were not predictive of victimization in U.S. and East Asian participants. The results indicated that understanding the ecological factors involved in victimization is important to intervene effectively, protect students, and prevent peer victimization on campus.
The Fault in Our Stars by J. Green - 1st review
Authors: BCR Barbra
Published: October 2016

Green, John. The Fault in Our Stars. New York: Penguin, 2012. PrintThis book is about two cancer stuck teens who later fall in love. Hazel Grace and Augustus travel on a plane toward Amsterdam to see a famous writer. I would recommend this book to people who love romance books and people who have a heart. I think that 13 year olds and up should read this considering there is a little bit of swears. Some people shall find this very heart breaking.Recommended Reviewer: BarbraMy name is Barbra. I like to read graphic novels. I am a dancer and I like to dance Pow Wow. I also like to shop. I don’t care for rude people. What’s unique about me is that I am weird.
Canada Close Up: Northwest Territories by R. Eagen
Authors: BCR No name
Published: October 2016

Eagen, Rachel. Canada Close Up: Northwest Territories. Toronto: Scholastic Canada, 2010. Print. The first people to live in what is now the Northwest Territories arrived about 10,000 years ago in the southwest part of the Canadian Shield. It explains about the usage of birch bark and what they made from it. It talks about the northern lights and how many colours you can see in the Northwest Territories. It has content and it shows you the First Nations and the taiga and the barren islands. I like this book as a good example. I rate this book as a 4 out of 5. Recommended: 4 out of 5 stars Reviewer: no nameI like games because they are fun. I like walking my dog because it is healthy. I enjoy reading because it is educational and I can learn new things. Space is cool because you learn about galaxies and planets. Sports are fun because you can learn new things and get better at it.
Lumberjanes by N. Stevenson ... [et al.]
Authors: BCR Naima
Published: October 2016

Stevenson, Noelle, Grace Ellis, Brooke A. Allen, Shannon Watters, Maarta Laiho, and Aubrey Aiese. Lumberjanes. [Series]. Los Angeles: BOOM! Box, 2015. Print.The book I read was called Lumberjanes by Noelle Stevenson and Grace Ellis.  The book was published by Boom Box in 2015.  This story was about five teens trying to solve a mystery. It’s funny, crazy and a little scary.  I really like the part when the Yetis were talking about the humans and being gross. Even the part when Ripley said something about the holy kitten. It would be awesome if there were more pages. I wish it was a little scarier. I would gave it a 5 out of 5 and would recommend it to all kids my age.  You will love itHighly recommended: 5 out of 5 starsReviewer: NaimaMy name is Naima. I love to read fictional and nonfictional books. I like to read mystery scary and fairy tale books. I think reading is important because it’s educational.
Haunted Canada by P. Hancock
Authors: BCR Jordan
Published: October 2016

Hancock, Pat. Haunted Canada. Toronto: Scholastic, 2003. Print. Haunted Canada is about ghost stories that happened all over Canada. There is a story for every province in Canada. And there is also many books such as Haunted Canada 1-6. I would suggest this book to anyone who is interested in thrillers and ghost stories. I would rate this book 3 out of five stars. Recommended: 3 out of 5 stars Reviewer: JordanMy name is Jordan I enjoy reading books about history and graphic novels. I also like reading scary books and true stories.
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince by J.K. Rowling
Authors: BCR Colemon
Published: October 2016

Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2005. Print.[Spoiler Alert!]I liked the part where Harry Potter used magic on Snape because it was cool and because Snape was trying to kill Harry Potter. I liked the part where Snape killed Dumbledor because Harry Potter saw it and had proof that it was Snape who was the half-blood prince. I didn’t like the part where Harry Potter was using an umbrella to spray the cabin because it was a boring waste of 2 pages of Harry Potter and Hagrid talking. I would recommend this book to family and friends and also to teachers.[Recommended: 3 out of 5 stars]Reviewer: ColemonHi I’m Colemon.  I’m 11 years old. I like to read books and skateboard. My favourite trick is a 360 flip and my favourite book is Harry Potter or the BFG.
Pourriture vulgaire et pourriture noble en Bordelais
Authors: Pucheu-Planté Bernard , Seguin Gérard , Mercier Michel
Published: October 2016

Contrairement à la « pourriture vulgaire » qui correspond au développement simultané de Botrytis cinerea et de divers champignons (Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc...) sur la baie de raisin éclatée, « la pourriture noble » correspond à un développement presque exclusif de Botrytis sur des baies mûres et apparemment intactes.

Dans ce travail, on montre que la pénétration des tubes germinatifs ou du mycélium de Botrytis ne peut se faire qu'à travers des microlésions de la pellicule, autres que les cassures péristomatiques, les hyphes se développent entre les cellules de la pellicule mais ressortent à l'extérieur, soit sous forme de mycélium, soit sous forme de conidiophores et assurent ainsi la propagation de la pourriture.

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Contrary to « common rot » which corresponds to the simultaneous development of Botrytis cinerea and various fungi (Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc...) on the burst grape berry, « noble rot » corresponds to an almost exclusive development of Botrytis on ripe and apparently intact berries.

In this work, it is shown that the penetration of the germinative tubes or mycelium of Botrytis can only take place through the micro-lesions of the pellicle, the hyphae develop between the cells of other than the peristomatic breaks the pellicle but come out on the outside, either in the form of mycelium, or in the form of conidiophores and thus propagate the rot.
Influence du débourbage des moûts et du sulfitage sur les teneurs en substances volatiles des vins et des eaux-de-vie. II. Etude des eaux-de-vie
Authors: Marly-Brugerolle C. , Sarre Ch. , Bertrand Alain
Published: October 2016

Il a été procédé à la distillation de différents vins issus d'un même moût, à l'aide d'un alambic de laboratoire, selon la méthode charentaise.

L'analyse par C.P.G. des différentes fractions de la distillation montre que la plupart des substances volatiles du vin se retrouvent à 90 p. 100 dans les eaux-de-vie. La fleur entraîne une diminution des teneurs en esters. La distillation des lies et des bourbes augmente les taux des esters supérieurs.

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The distillation of different wines coming from the same must was carried out, with the help of a laboratory still, according to the Charente method.

The analysis by C.P.G. of the different fractions of distillation shows that most of the volatile substances in wine are also found in spirits to a degree of 90 %. The flower produces a decrease in the amount of ether-salt. The distillation of the lees and the mud increases the amount of superior ether-salts.
Présence du « Corky-Bark » dans le vignoble corse
Authors: Valat Claude , Bonnet A.
Published: October 2016

Des clones du cépage Nielluccio, en provenance du vignoble corse, ont été indexés sur la variété indicatrice LN 33. L'un d'entre eux s'est révélé porteur de « Corky-Bark », virose encore inconnue en France.

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Grape variety clones Nielluccio, coming from Corsican vineyards, were indexed under the indicatory variety LN 33. One of them was found to be a carrier of « Corky-Bark », a virus disease as yet unknown in France.
Learning Strategies Used by Urban and Rural School Students in Mathematics
Authors: Khanal Bishnu
Published: October 2016

The paper attempts to find out the difference in preferred learning strategies in mathematics between urban and rural school students in Nepal. The study was conducted in 1394 grade IX students through multistage sampling procedure throughout the country. Among them, 987 students were from urban schools, and 407 students were from rural schools. The researcher adopted mix method-sequential explanatory design. The study was based on taxonomy of learning strategies developed by Pintrich, Smith and McKeachie (1989). The tools for the data collection were Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), observation and interview. The study shows that there is significant difference in preferred learning strategies of urban and rural school students. There was a significant difference in the use of mathematics learning strategies between urban and rural school students. Elaboration and organization strategies were more often used by rural students than urban school students whereas peer learning, elaboration, help seeking and effort management strategies were more often used by urban school students. However, students from both of the locations mostly used peer learning and elaboration learning strategies.
Traumatic Experiences of Nigerian Women: An Archetypal Representation in Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus
Authors: Abubakar Sadiya
Published: October 2016

One of the most reprehensive subjugation among the so called cultural practices in Nigeria, is the oppression born out of widowhood, poverty is yet another great cause of trauma amongst many Nigerian women, especially among the no/low income earners, polygamy is as well seen to be a great causative agent of psychological disturbances amid Nigerian women chiefly in the northerners, and of course the recent Boko Haram terrorist acts that subjected many Nigerians to psychological distortion. Women in a patriarchal society like Nigeria, are treated with gender subordination which subjects them to experiencing indelible traumas. Trauma, however is today regarded as one of the leading causes of death. As such, its theorist put to light its various sources as: intimate partner violence, natural disasters, loss of loved one, sexual assault or any physical or mental wound, rape, and witness of violence. Chimamanda Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus is an epitome of Nigerian women’s difficulties and their traumatic experiences. This paper would explore the conformity of Trauma theory and the fictional presentation of Nigerian women’s trauma in Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus.
Penggunaan Rumah Kasa untuk Mengatasi Serangan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan pada Tanaman Cabai Merah di Dataran Rendah
Authors: Moekasan Tonny Koestani
Published: October 2016

Salah satu dampak perubahan iklim terhadap budidaya cabai merah di dataran rendah ialah peningkatan intensitas serangan organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT). Penelitian penggunaan rumah kasa untuk mengatasi serangan OPT pada budidaya cabai merah dilakukan di Kecamatan Kersana, Kabupaten  Brebes, Jawa Tengah pada bulan April sampai dengan Oktober 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan  mengetahui pengaruh rumah kasa terhadap serangan OPT dan produksi cabai merah. Dua macam perlakuan yang diuji ialah (a) budidaya tanaman cabai merah di dalam rumah kasa dan penggunaan pestisida berdasarkan ambang pengendalian OPT dan (b) budidaya tanaman cabai merah di lahan terbuka dan penggunaan pestisida dengan sistem kalender 3 hari sekali. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode petak berpasangan dan tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Petak perlakuan berukuran 137,5 m2, varietas cabai yang ditanam ialah Tit Segitiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan rumah kasa dapat mengurangi serangan OPT sebesar 12–28,52%, sehingga  biaya pestisida dapat dikurangi lebih dari 95% dengan produksi lebih tinggi sebesar 927,53% dibandingkan dengan budidaya tanaman cabai merah di lahan terbuka tanpa rumah kasa. Dengan demikian, penggunaan rumah kasa dapat direkomendasikan sebagai teknologi budidaya cabai merah di dataran rendah.

ABSTRACT

One of impacts of climate change is increasing of pests and diseases infestation. Study of use of netting house for suppresing pests and diseases on hot peppers in the lowland area was carried out at Kersana Subdistrict, Brebes District, Central Java from April to October 2010. This study aimed to determine the effect of netting house on pests and diseases infestation and the yield on hot peppers cultivation. The treatments tested were : (a) hot pepper cultivation in the netting house and the use of pesticides based on the control threshold and (b) hot peppers  cultivation in open field and pesticide use every 3 days. The study was conducted with paired comparison and each treatment was repeated three times. The size of every plot was 137.5 m2. Hot pepper variety planted was Tit Segitiga. The results showed that the use of netting house could decrease pests and diseases infestation (12–28,52%), so that pesticide cost could be reduced more than 95% with the yield higher than 927.53% compared with those of hot peppers cultivation in open field. There for the use of netting house can be recommended for hot peppers cultivation in lowland area.
Pengaruh Densitas Awal Kalus dalam Perbanyakan Melalui Embriogenesis Somatik terhadap Daya Multiplikasi dan Stabilitas Genetik Planlet Siam Kintamani
Authors: Devy Nirmala Friyanti , Yulianti F , Hardiyanto Hardiyanto
Published: October 2016

Optimasi metode pada setiap tahapan perbanyakan melalui embriogenesis somatik perlu dilakukan, mencakup aspek eksplan, media, dan lingkungan tumbuh.  Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan awal (initial density) kalus dalam kultur embriogenesis somatik terhadap laju multiplikasi dan stabilitas genetik planlet yang dihasilkan dari perbanyakan dengan metode SE pada tanaman siam Kintamani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium SE, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika (Balitjestro) mulai Bulan Maret 2009 sampai dengan Februari 2011. Penelitian terdiri atas dua tahap, yaitu (1) perlakuan densitas awal dan (2) analisis stabilitas genetik planlet yang dihasilkan dari perbanyakan SE  siam Kintamani. Kegiatan I terdiri atas lima perlakuan densitas kalus (ID100–ID300), yaitu  100, 150, 200, 250, dan 300 mg yang dikulturkan pada 25 ml media cair MS + 500 mg/l malt ekstrak (ME) + 1,5 mg/l BA, yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan, tiap ulangan terdiri atas lima erlenmeyer, sedangkan pada penelitian analisis stabilitas genetik, sampel yang digunakan ialah tanaman hasil perbanyakan SE pada stadia planlet hasil subkultur 1–6. Planlet tersebut diuji keragamannya dengan teknik PCR menggunakan penanda intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, jaringan nuselus yang digunakan sebagai eksplan dapat tumbuh dengan memuaskan pada 12–45 hari setelah kultur pada media inisiasi kalus.  Pertambahan berat basah kalus pada setiap subkultur sangat beragam.  Pertambahan berat basah tertinggi terjadi pada ID100 subkultur ke-5, sedangkan pertambahan berat secara total tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan ID200. Tanaman hasil perbanyakan SE pada stadia planlet secara genetik seragam dengan induknya. Namun pengujian stabilitas genetik pada tanaman hasil SE masih harus terus dilakukan seiring dengan semakin lama tanaman dipelihara di dalam kultur, mengingat frekuensi mutasi dapat meningkat seiring dengan semakin lamanya periode kultur. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini ialah proses multiplikasi kalus dan induksi embriogenesis somatik berlangsung optimal dan tidak mengakibatkan off-type pada tanaman yang dihasilkan
Uji Adaptasi Klon Kentang Hasil Persilangan Varietas Atlantik sebagai Bahan Baku Keripik Kentang di Dataran Tinggi Pangalengan
Authors: Kusmana Kusmana
Published: October 2016

Industri besar yang mengolah keripik kentang masih sangat jarang karena terbatasnya bahan baku. Keterbatasan bahan baku tidak hanya terjadi pada industri besar dan menengah, namun industri kecil pun kesulitan untuk mendapatkan bahan baku yang sesuai dengan keinginan pengolah. Tujuan penelitian ialah mendapatkan klon kentang yang sesuai untuk bahan baku keripik dan berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kampung Cibunian, Desa Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung dengan ketinggian tempat 1300 m dpl., dari Bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2011. Penelitian ditata dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 20 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Jumlah tanaman per plot 20 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotip CV 9 menampilkan hasil tertinggi (31,9 t/ha) diikuti CV 2, (29,2 t/ha), CV 6 (25 t/ha), dan CV 14 (24,4 t/ha) nyata lebih tinggi daripada varietas pembanding Atlantik (9,8 t/ha). Untuk olahan keripik terbaik ialah genotip  CV 4, CV 14, CV 12, CV 9, dan CV 13 menampilkan hasil gorengan sebanding dengan varietas Atlantik. Genotip CV 9 dan CV 14 selain berpotensi hasil tinggi, juga cocok digunakan sebagai bahan baku olahan keripik. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan diperoleh klon baru yang menjadi komponen industri pengolahan kentang, baik skala besar maupun skala rumah tangga.

 

 
Reading Comprehension and Its Importance in Learning English as a Second Language
Authors: Saeedi Ghafour , Khanmohammadi Afsaneh , Mahmmodi Hadi
Published: October 2016

Reading can be the most important skill for second language learners in the academic contexts. In other words, in the academic settings, reading is the central means for acquiring new knowledge and gaining new access to alternative explanations and interpretations (Grabe & Stoller, 1997, cited in Celce-Murcia, 2001). If a student cannot read and comprehend a written language, they cannot be expected to be good in other content areas which will indispensably require some reading ability (Decker, 2007). So this study aims at studying and reviewing reading comprehension and its importance.
They prepare you what to say, but do they teach you how to say it?
Authors: Lipinska Dorota
Published: October 2016

It cannot be denied that research on L2 pronunciation has developed greatly in the last decades, nevertheless the conclusions drawn from such studies are rarely applied in practice, especially in the school curricula. Studies carried out in Poland since early 2000s have proven that pronunciation teaching is still almost absent at schools (apart from the academic level) and that L2 learners are highly critical concerning both their own as well as their teachers’ pronunciation in EFL. Although it has been shown that correct pronunciation is crucial in L2 communication and that this element of L2 competence has been included in the oral part of the school-leaving (Matura) exam (CKE, 2013), the popular claim is that it is still difficult to find any elements of pronunciation training in textbooks designed for this kind of schools. The first aim of this paper is to compare the latest versions of compendia (repetytoria in Polish) usually applied in the last class of this type of school. The books are used to revise all the previously acquired knowledge about an L2 and are supposed to include theory and exercises in all skills and elements of a target language. And as learners graduating from upper-secondary school are about nineteen years old and, moreover, some of them may stop learning L2 intensively after graduation, it is the last chance to work seriously on English phonetics. The study results show that in most cases, although a separate pronunciation module is not included, word-lists in compendia are usually accompanied by audio tracks and, in some cases, even IPA is applied. Another aim of the study is to examine whether upper-secondary L2 teachers pay attention to their learners’ pronunciation and train it. An online questionnaire concerning pronunciation teaching practices was completed by 51 teachers from all over Poland and this did not bring optimistic results.
Supporting Student’s English Speaking Achievement Using Video
Authors: Irawati Dini
Published: October 2016

The importance of English as a Second or Foreign language (ESL or EFL), the teaching of EFL speaking has been deemed important in the Indonesian context. As a common problem was occurred  in a speaking class is that teachers frequently feel it difficult to involve students in the speaking activities. In fact, English teachers should work hard to attract the students to speak a lot in the class. It occurs because many EFL learners have such personality problems, for instance they are not confident, reluctant, and afraid of practicing and using their English.
The implementation of the use of video as teaching media in speaking class can cover some procedures into three main phases: The first phase is pre-teaching. The second phase is whilst-teaching. The third phase is post-teaching. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the use of video as teaching media can be one of the solutions to improve not only the students’ speaking skills but also the their’ positive attitude in the teaching of speaking. Therefore, English teachers are suggested to use the video as teaching media to teach their students in speaking class and it is also possible to teach other language skills or components. The limitation of this research was about the kind of video. Since in this research the researcher used the instructional video, for other researchers are suggested to use other kinds of videos which are not used for instructional objectives.
High dose intrathecal morphine for a caesarean section patient with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Takechi Kenichi , Yoshimura Yuzou , Yorozuya Toshihiro , Nagaro Takumi
Published: October 2016

Acute pancreatitis is a rare and serious complication during pregnancy. Emergency caesarean section for a patient with acute pancreatitis is challenging for anaesthetists, as it is difficult to relieve both pain associated with pancreatitis and that from a caesarean section operation. Intrathecal high dose morphine is an attractive solution because it provides prolonged analgesia. However, the use of high dose intrathecal opioids remains contentious due to the fear of possible associated respiratory depression. We performed an emergency caesarean section in a patient with severe acute pancreatitis that was successfully managed with high dose intrathecal morphine.
Microbial source tracking of private well water samples across at-risk regions in southern Ontario and analysis of traditional fecal indicator bacteria assays including culture and qPCR
Authors: Krolik Julia , Maier Allison , Thompson Shawna , Majury Anna
Published: October 2016

Many people living in rural areas rely on privately owned wells as their primary source of drinking water. These water sources are at risk for fecal contamination of human, wildlife, and livestock origin. While traditional bacteriological testing involves culture-based methods, microbial source tracking (MST) assays present an opportunity to additionally determine the source of fecal contamination. This study investigated the main host sources of contamination in private well water samples with high levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli), using MST with human and multi-species specific markers. Fecal contamination of human origin was detected in approximately 50% of samples, indicating that current contamination prevention strategies require reconsideration. The relationship between cattle density and fecal contamination of bovine origin was investigated using a Bovine Bacteroidales specific MST assay. Regional variations of microbial sources were examined, and may inform local primary prevention strategies. Additionally, in order to assess MST and E. coli quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays as indicators of fecal contamination, these were compared to E. coli culture methods. Variation in results was observed across all assay methods investigated, suggesting the most appropriate routine bacteriological testing methodology cannot be determined without comparison to a method that directly detects the presence of fecal contamination.
Association between heavy precipitation events and waterborne outbreaks in four Nordic countries, 1992–2012
Authors: Guzman Herrador Bernardo , de Blasio Birgitte Freiesleben , Carlander Anneli , Ethelberg Steen , Hygen Hans Olav , Kuusi Markku , Lund Vidar , Löfdahl Margareta , MacDonald Emily , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime , Nichols Gordon , Schönning Caroline , Sudre Bertrand , Trönnberg Linda , Vold Line , Semenza Jan C. , Nygård Karin
Published: October 2016

We conducted a matched case-control study to examine the association between heavy precipitation events and waterborne outbreaks (WBOs) by linking epidemiological registries and meteorological data between 1992 and 2012 in four Nordic countries. Heavy precipitation events were defined by above average (exceedance) daily rainfall during the preceding weeks using local references. We performed conditional logistic regression using the four previous years as the controls. Among WBOs with known onset date (n = 89), exceedance rainfall on two or more days was associated with occurrence of outbreak, OR = 3.06 (95% CI 1.38–6.78), compared to zero exceedance days. Stratified analyses revealed a significant association with single household water supplies, ground water as source and for outbreaks occurring during spring and summer. These findings were reproduced in analyses including all WBOs with known outbreak month (n = 186). The vulnerability of single households to WBOs associated with heavy precipitation events should be communicated to homeowners and implemented into future policy planning to reduce the risk of waterborne illness.
Degradation of gestodene (GES)–17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) mixture by electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Nájera-Aguilar Hugo Alejandro , Gutiérrez-Hernández Rubén Fernando , González de los Santos Rocío , García-Lara Carlos , Méndez-Novelo Roger , Rojas-Valencia María Neftalí
Published: October 2016

Evidence of the negative effects of several pharmaceutical molecules, such as hormones and steroids, on the environment can be observed throughout the world. This paper presents the results of the anodic oxidation of the mixture of gestodene steroid hormones and 17 α-ethinylestradiol present in aqueous medium. The tests were conducted in an undivided cell containing a working volume of 50 mL, using a Na2SO4 solution as support electrolyte and boron-doped diamond electrodes. The experiments were adjusted to the structure of a 33 factorial design. The evaluated factors were: support electrolyte concentration (0.02, 0.05, and 0.10 M), pH of the reaction media (2, 3, and 4), and current density (16, 32, and 48 mA cm−2). Under the optimum conditions (0.02 M Na2SO4, pH 4, and current density of 32 mA cm−2), the degradation of at least 93% of the initial concentration of gestodene and 17α-ethinylestradiol was reached in a reaction time of 5 and 10 min, respectively. The complete degradation of both molecules required 15 min of reaction. Under these conditions, the degradation profile of the pharmaceutical mixture as each one of the active ingredients, followed a pseudo-first order kinetic behavior (kmix = 0.0321, kGES = 0.4206, and kEE2 = 0.3209 min−1).
Enhanced degradation of trichloroethene by sodium percarbonate activated with Fe(II) in the presence of citric acid
Authors: Zang Xueke , Gu Xiaogang , Lu Shuguang , Miao Zhouwei , Zhang Xiang , Fu Xiaori , Fu George Y. , Qiu Zhaofu , Sui Qian
Published: October 2016

Trichloroethene (TCE) degradation by Fe(II)-activated sodium percarbonate (SPC) in the presence of citric acid (CA) in aqueous solution was investigated. The results indicated that the presence of CA enhanced TCE degradation significantly by promoting HO• generation. The presence of Cl−, HCO3− and the initial solution pH appeared to be not negligible on the effect of TCE oxidation, while humic acid had no influence on TCE degradation. The generation of HO• and O2−• in the SPC/Fe(II)/CA system was confirmed with chemical probes, and the radical scavenging tests showed that TCE degradation was due to direct oxidation by HO•. Acidic pH condition was favorable for TCE degradation. In summary, this study provided detailed information for the application of the CA-enhanced Fe(II)-activated SPC technique for TCE-contaminated groundwater remediation.
Identification and evaluation of a dominant alga from municipal wastewater in removal of nutrients
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Tang Fei , Su Xiaoling , Yin Hua , Ge Fei
Published: October 2016

To access better removal of nutrients with algae-based techniques, a dominant alga from real municipal wastewater was identified and its capacity in removing low concentrations of nitrogen (NH+4 or NO−3) and phosphorus (PO3−4) was evaluated. Results showed that Oedogonium brevicingulatum, a filamentous green alga, was confirmed as the dominant alga in the secondary effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment plant by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Low concentrations of NH+4 or NO−3 (≤5 mg N L−1) and PO3−4 (≤0.5 mg P L−1) were 100% removed by the algae in a 7-d test. The maximum nutrient removal rate (Vmax) and the half-saturation constant (Km) for NH+4 (10.03 ± 0.95 mg g−1d−1 and 0.19 ± 0.03 mg L−1) and NO−3 (8.43 ± 0.21 mg g−1 d−1 and 0.27 ± 0.11 mg L−1) indicated the uptake capability for NH+4 is higher than that for NO−3. Meanwhile, it showed higher affinity for PO3−4 (Vmax: 1.42 ± 0.02 mg g−1 d−1; Km: 0.02 ± 0.00 mg L−1) with NH+4 as nitrogen source than that (Vmax: 1.24 ± 0.15 mg g−1 d−1; Km: 0.06 ± 0.03 mg L−1) with NO−3 as nitrogen source. Moreover, nutrient removal efficiencies were observed steady when nitrogen/phosphorus ratio ranged from 5:1 to 20:1. These results suggest that the dominant algae from municipal wastewater have potentials to be applied in nutrient removal.
Nitrous oxide emissions from one-step partial nitritation/anammox processes
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Trela Jozef , Plaza Elzbieta
Published: October 2016

Measurements of nitrous oxide were made at pilot- and full-scale plants to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions from one-step partial nitritation/anammox processes applied in moving bed biofilm reactors treating reject water. It was found that 0.51–1.29% and 0.35–1.33% of the total nitrogen loads in the pilot- and full-scale reactor, respectively, were emitted as nitrous oxide. Between 80 and 90% of nitrous oxide emissions were in gaseous form and the rest amount was found in the reactor effluent; over 90% of nitrous oxide emissions occurred in the aerated period and less than 8% in the non-aerated period in the full-scale study. Nitrous oxide productions/consumptions were closely related to aeration and the nitrogen loads applied in the system.
Alkaline fermentation of waste activated sludge stimulated by saponin: volatile fatty acid production, mechanisms and pilot-scale application
Authors: Huang Xiangfeng , Mu Tianshuai , Shen Changming , Lu Lijun , Liu Jia
Published: October 2016

Volatile fatty acid (VFA) production stimulated by saponin (SP), an environmentally friendly bio-surfactant, was investigated during sludge alkaline fermentation in laboratory studies and pilot applications. The combined use of SP and pH 9 condition significantly enhanced VFA production to approximately 425 mg COD/g VSS, which was 4.7-fold of raw sludge and 1.5-fold of sole pH 10 adjustment (the optimum pH for alkaline fermentation). Further results indicated that SP & pH 9 condition provided sufficient substrates for acidification and decreased the consumption of VFAs through methanogenesis. Moreover, SP accompanied by moderate alkaline condition (i.e. pH 9) showed weaker inhibitory effects on key enzyme activities and metabolic potential of acidification microorganisms than sole pH 10 adjustment. On this basis, a pilot-scale system involving anaerobic fermentation and anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic step-feed bioreaction tanks was established to study the potential of VFAs as supplementary carbon sources for wastewater treatment. The influent of the pilot system was sanitary wastewater characterized by low C/N ratios from a scenic rural area. After flocculation and nutrient precipitation, the fermentation supernatant was mixed with the influent at a volume ratio of 1:30. With this approach, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in effluent fulfilled the first-A wastewater discharge standard in China.
Cursos de mestrado no Brasil, na França e em Portugal: elementos de uma abordagem comparativa
Authors: Machado Lucília Regina De Souza , Santos Eloisa Helena , Quaresma Adilene Gonçalves
Published: October 2016

Este artigo parte da constatação de que, no contexto da América Latina, existe uma lacuna na pesquisa educacional crítica relativa ao enfoque comparativo internacional e de que há um movimento recente de retomada dos estudos comparados como instrumento de apoio à decisão política, em face de problemas educacionais globalizados. Ele tem como objetivo estudar aspectos da organização e da oferta de cursos de mestrado no Brasil, na França e em Portugal. A abordagem comparativa se fez por meio da identificação da legislação e de dados estatísticos disponíveis e focalizou elementos que, por meio do olhar dirigido ao outro,tratam da construção da identidade dos cursos de mestrado nesses países, na perspectiva de contribuir com o aprimoramento desse nível de ensino e inspirar outros estudos e pesquisas sobre o tema.
Os doutorados em cotutela no Brasil e em seus principais parceiros acadêmicos
Authors: Olavo Leite André , Moura do Carmo Valter
Published: October 2016

Este artigo analisa os doutorados em regime de cotutela de tese, modalidade de pós-graduação em parceria internacional, cuja realizaçãose intensifica no ensino superior brasileiro. Mostra-se que, embora eles se enquadrem nas linhas da política de internacionalização das universidades brasileiras, ainda são foco de imprecisões e contradições. Assim, após distingui-los de outros tipos de doutorados realizados em cooperação internacional, busca-se identificar em outros países quais seriam as principais características de um doutorado em cotutela e analisar se seria possível falar em um modelo único. Por fim, compara-se sua situação nos âmbitos internacional e brasileiro, demonstrando que a Resolução n° 1, de 2001, do Conselho Nacional de Educação, e o entendimento de algumas universidades brasileiras impedem a correta realização desse tipo de parceria no País e a tornam pouco atrativa.
O Programa de Apoio a Eventos no País como instrumento de políticas públicas de fomento à formação de professores da educação básica
Authors: Pimenta Thaís Sautchuk , Souza Diogo Onofre Gomes de , Calabró Luciana
Published: October 2016

Este trabalho é uma análise documental dos eventos apoiados pelo Programa de Apoio a Eventos no País (Paep), programa institucional da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(Capes), vinculada ao Ministério da Educação (MEC). O recorte desta análise estuda eventos de dois momentos distintos voltados para o mesmo segmento: eventos apoiados em 2010 e destinados à formação de professores da educação básica, por ter sido esse o primeiro ano em que o referido programa contemplou tal segmento; e os apoiados em 2013, quatro anos após a referida ampliação de atuação. O estudo objetivou traçar o perfil dos eventos e correlacioná-los com quesitos como abrangência, temática e valores concedidos. Assim, os resultados podem ser utilizados como mecanismo de reflexão sobre as práticas governamentais, para propor melhorias que contribuam com o papel que este programa desempenha como instrumento de política pública de fomento à formação docente para a educação básica.
Zika –an Emerging Global Threat
Authors: Shakya Priyanka , Sathian Brijesh , Nayak Niranjan
Published: October 2016

Zika virus disease (Zika) is a new emerging mosquito borne illness, transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito especially Aedes aegypti. The infection, known as  Zika fever often causes no or only mild symptoms which include fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis, which  may last up to a week.
Trampled Autonomy: Women, Athleticism, and Health
Authors: Burrow Sylvia
Published: October 2016

Philosophical analysis has paid scant attention to the gender inequalities women athletes face compared to the myriad ways in which social science shows that athleticism values masculinity and devalues femininity. Athletic endeavors diverging from gendered norms are sexualized, feminized, devalued, and delegitimized. A philosophical analysis reveals deep and serious double binds constraining women's autonomy to engage and succeed in sport and thus to participate in a major social institution granting status and recognition. More importantly, these constraints to autonomy undermine women's choices to promote and preserve health.
Annotations in copies of Thomas Johnson's Mercurius botanicus (1634) and Mercurii botanici, pars altera (1641): authorship and provenance
Authors: Edgington John
Published: October 2016

By an analysis of extensive and detailed annotations in copies of Thomas Johnson's Mercurius botanicus (1634) and Mercurii botanici, pars altera (1641) held in the library of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the probable author is identified as William Bincks, an apprentice apothecary of Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey. Through Elias Ashmole, a friend of Bincks' master Thomas Agar, a link is established with the probable original owner, John Watlington of Reading, botanist and apothecary, and colleague of Thomas Johnson. The route by which the book ended up in the hands of Thomas Wilson, a journeyman copyist of Leeds, is suggested. Plants growing near Kingston-upon-Thames in the late seventeenth century, recorded in manuscript, are noted, many being first records for the county of Surrey.