bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvement of operational properties of parts permanent joints with ultrasound technologies use
Authors: Prikhodko V , Karelina M , Sundukov S , Sukhodolya A , Moiseev V
Published: November 2019

The authors consider the improvement of producing permanent joints technology issue due to ultrasonic vibrations use. As a result of main problems the analysis which arising during the permanent joints performance, and effects that occur in liquid and solid bodies under the ultrasound action, options were proposed for using ultrasonic vibrations in technologies for producing welded, riveted, adhesive and press joints. The complex of experimental studies was carried out, which showed using vibrations effectiveness in considered permanent joints. Ultrasonic technology use allows improving obtained joints performance properties and intensifying the processes that ensure assembly quality.
Determination of output link positioning error of tripod module using numerical method
Authors: Gaponenko E V , Malyshev D I , Behera L
Published: November 2019

The article presents a method for the determination of the tripod module output link positioning error, which is part of a robotic complex with relative manipulation mechanisms. The method of non-uniform coverings is used to solve this problem, which allows approximating the set of solutions of systems of equalities or inequalities describing the working tool position. The algorithm of approximation of the tripod module output link positioning error depending on the errors of the drives has been synthesized. As a result of modeling, an approximated error was obtained and graphically shown. The results can be used to select the geometric parameters of the tripod module and determine the accuracy of manufacturing robot parts, providing the technological errors of the working tool positioning specified by technological processes.
Modulation method for measuring thermal resistance of solar batteries and its practical implementation
Authors: Smirnov V I , Sergeev V A , Gavrikov A A
Published: November 2019

This paper describes a modulation method of measuring the thermal impedance of power solar batteries. The analysis of the dependence of thermal impedance on modulation frequency allows determining thermal impedance components corresponding to the structural elements of a battery. The apparatus used for the experiments, its principles, functional diagram and experiment conditions are described. It is experimentally shown that the magnitude of the variable component of junction temperature is mostly independent of the value of the heating power. This is explained by current crowding, that is a non-uniform distribution of the current through the junction and formation of local heating areas of the semiconductor. The formation of local heating areas is confirmed by the experimentally detected thermal resistance component, which takes place due to the temperature difference between local heating areas and the other part of a semiconductor of a solar battery. Another confirmation of the local heating areas is a sharp thermal resistance decrease with an increase of the heating current. The experiments confirm the possibility of the apparatus, which uses the modulation method, to measure the thermal resistance of power (up to 500W) solar batteries.
Mathematical modelling of the “Pipeline – pressure sensor” system
Authors: Velmisov P A , Pokladova Yu V
Published: November 2019

A mathematical model of a mechanical system for measuring the pressure of the working medium in an engine is proposed. The system includes an axisymmetric pipe with fluid and a fluid pressure sensor. An integro-differential equation of the dynamics of the elastic element of the sensor is obtained, which relates its deformation to the pressure and temperature of the medium at the entrance to the pipeline (for example, at the exit from the engine combustion chamber). A numerical-analytical method for solving this equation is proposed and examples of numerical calculations of the element dynamics are given.
Rolled stock structure and surface condition factor for quality of automobile fasteners insurance
Authors: Pachurin G V , Filippov A A , Nuzhdina T V , Matveyev Yu I , Mukhina M V
Published: November 2019

Initial blank for the production of calibrated rolled stock is hot-rolled steel, ductility of which is largely determined by the structure and quality of the rolled stock surface. Hot-rolled steel should have a high degree of surface cleanliness and defect-free cross-section. In this paper, using the example of hot-rolled steel 40X, it is shown that the structural condition and quality of the rolled stock surface largely determine the further quality of calibrated rolled stock for automobile long length bolt products made from it. In this case, the mechanical characteristics, which are the most widely used indicators of the steel quality, are largely determined by plastic and heat treatment, which change the structure at the macro- and microscopic level.
3D simulation of aggregation of red blood cells for the study of the optoacoustic response
Authors: Kravchuk D A , Starchenko I B
Published: November 2019

The paper presents mathematical modeling of the distribution of different shapes of red blood cells in plasma. The obtained two-dimensional and three-dimensional tissue models are designed to simulate acoustic response as a result of optoacoustic effect and to calculate the number of red blood cells and determine their shape. The results of mathematical modeling allow preparing the model solutions of blood using polystyrene microspheres. Red blood cells produce quasi-spherical assemblies in different pathologies that occupy a large part of volume (from 30 % to 50 %). The purpose of the research was to simulate spherical aggregates without intersections with the same parameters and unique spatial distribution determined by the structural factor. The main benefit of presented method was investigation of different aggregate compactness with the same size of aggregates containing erythrocytes of different shapes. In the result of 3D computer simulation the total maximum volume fraction of cells was 16 %. The procedure of cells distribution account in aggregates allowed obtaining maximum aggregate compactness ϕi
= 40 %.
Directivity of hydroacoustic systems with parametric array in marine conditions
Authors: Kirichenko I A , Starchenko I B
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of generalization of theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of hydrophysical inhomogeneities on the directional characteristics of the parametric array in the framework of problem solution of improving the efficiency of directional properties of adaptive hydroacoustic systems with parametric emitting arrays. The results of calculations of the directional characteristics of the parametric array obtained on the basis of the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov model are compared with the results of experimental measurements of the directional properties of the parametric array. The normalized dependence of the width of parametric array beam pattern was obtained on the reduction of the difference frequency relative to the central frequency of the pump waves from 5 to 16 times. The influence of the sound velocity change on the direction properties of the parametric array was estimated. The normalized dependence of the width of beam pattern of the parametric array on the value of the sound velocity at the surface of the pump transducer was obtained.
Information-measuring system for life comfort evaluation on the basis of environmental monitoring data
Authors: Vishnevetskiy V Yu , Starchenko I B , Popruzhniy V M
Published: November 2019

The system of life evaluation, combining an objective component (indicators of water quality, morbidity) and subjective (the degree of satisfaction of residents with water quality) was developed. The system of life comfort includes information on people morbidity and the main consumed water parameters that affect the satisfaction of water resources and health. Such system units as «Input Interface» and «User Interface» have been developed in MS Access and are presented in the paper. In addition system includes geographic information system that allows visualizing, analyzing and predicting the state of the object. The main features of the system are shown and recommendations for its application are offered.
A microwave radiometer for detection of forest fire under conditions of insufficient visibility
Authors: Gubin N A , Zolotarev N S , Poletaev A S , Chensky D A , Batzorig Z , Chensky A G
Published: November 2019

The article demonstrates a super high frequency (SHF) radiometer that can be used for detecting seats of forest fires. The analysis of current approaches and methods for forest fire monitoring is briefly discussed. Comparing to common use of optical or infrared radiation detectors, measuring instruments working at microwave range are more efficient in conditions of insufficient visibility (dense smoke, thick tree crowns, meteorological environment). The paper shows the structure and technical characteristics of the designed radiometer. The results of laboratory and field testing are also presented.
Automation calculation of the stability of drawing process of quartz optical fibers using different modifications of furnace shape
Authors: Derevyankina A L , Pervadchuk V P , Vladimirova D B
Published: November 2019

A one-dimensional model of quartz optical fibers extraction was considered and the problem of drawing parameters stability was solved. More over two numerical experiments demonstrating the states of stability or instability depending on the values of small harmonic oscillations introduced into the system, as well as on the furnace parameters were performed.
Compensation of temperature errors in pressure piezoconverters
Authors: Emets S V , Khoroshavina E A
Published: November 2019

Measuring pressure converters are one of the most popular control devices in technological processes. The most additional common error is temperature error. One of the causes of the additional temperature error is the uneven temperature field on the pressure converter measuring membrane surface that is determined by the nature of temperature impact. Constructive methods for reducing the stated error lie also in finding the topology of a resistance strain gage on the converter membrane that ensures minimum sensitivity to the uneven temperature field while retaining the pressure sensitivity. The effectiveness check of various topologies is hindered by different technical, technological and economic problems. The article proposes to run a check of topological solutions with the help of a mathematical model of the membrane temperature field that takes into account the temperature impact on the converter. The exponential function was chosen as a modelling function because it corresponded to the experimentally obtained temperature distribution data. This function allows virtually forming temperature field distributions on the membrane surface, characteristic of static, dynamic (thermal shock) and targeted temperature impact. This model will allow assessing without a physical experiment of additional temperature errors of various topological solutions. Additional temperature errors of the classic four resistance element topology and the topology proposed by the authors with component resistance strain gages are analysed as examples. The potential of topological solutions in minimization of additional temperature errors in pressure converters is shown. The approach set forth in the article streamlines the search for constructive solutions for minimizing additional temperature errors in pressure converters by reducing physical simulation stage.
Methods for removing uncertainty in multi-criteria problems of effectiveness evaluation of decision-making
Authors: Moiseev V V , Terentyev A V , Rogov V R , Karelina E A
Published: November 2019

A scientific approach to methods of technical support, economic and organizational management, as well as planning the activities of enterprises often dictates the need to make decisions not on one but on several performance indicators simultaneously. The presence of a number of situations with one or another degree of uncertainty in modern difficult conditions of forecasting requires the involvement of a certain mathematical apparatus for its description. The task of removing uncertainty is becoming complicated if it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of control actions in the system according to several performance criteria. Therefore, at present, the development of mathematical methods is actively underway, which allows solving applied problems in a multi-criterial formulation. The article describes the approach to solving multi-criteria problems based on the principle of observing the hierarchical ratio of probabilities of possible states of the external environment of the study.
Directions and features of application of the blockchain technology
Authors: Utakaeva I Kh
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of the study of the blockchain technology. The main barriers of technology implementation were identified and ways for their elimination were suggested. Advantages and disadvantages of the technology were identified. It allowed for studies of feasibility of technology implementation for performing social and economic infrastructure tasks. The issue of effective application of this technology was studied. In Russia, the blockchain technology has been discussed by the Government of the Russian Federation and the State Duma. Despite some advantages, only in some countries, the blockchain technology is used in business processes. The blockchain technology can be used to solve logistics problems, data security tasks, political, economic and medical problems.
Mathematical model of viral marketing
Authors: Utakaeva I Kh
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of studies of mathematical aspects of the viral marketing. A mathematical model of the spread of a marketing virus as a prefractal graph was developed. An algorithm for the dissemination of viral information was developed.
Imitation-dynamic model for calculating the efficiency of the financial leverage
Authors: Boyko A A , Kukartsev V V , Eremeev D V , Tynchenko V S , Bukhtoyarov V V , Stupina A A
Published: November 2019

The article presents a simulation-dynamic model for calculating the financial leverage efficiency level. The model was developed on the basis of the system dynamics method using Powersim Studio tools. In the constructed model, the calculations were carried out on the example of PJSC «Koks», one of the largest Russian producers and exporters of metallurgical coke. The model was used as a tool to study the capital structure of the enterprise. As a result of the experiments, the level values of financial leverage efficiency, differential of financial leverage and financial leverage ratio were calculated. On the basis of the calculations, the conclusions were made about the quality of management of borrowed capital in the enterprise. In addition the assessment of the developed model of financial leverage efficiency was carried out; as a result of the assessment, both the model advantages and its disadvantages were indicated.
Imitation-dynamic model of amortization of reproductive effect with different methods of calculation
Authors: Boyko A A , Kukartsev V V , Smolina E S , Tynchenko V S , Shamlitskiy Ya I , Fedorova N V
Published: November 2019

This article presents an imitational-dynamic model for calculating the reproductive effect of amortization of fixed production assets with various accrual methods. The model was developed on the basis of the system dynamics method using Powersim Studio tools. In the model, calculations were carried out for five amortization methods: linear; arithmetic-digressive (declining balance method); geometrically digressive; progressive and method of writing off the cost of the survival year sum. The model was used as a tool to study the impact of various amortization methods on the dynamics of its reproductive effect. As a result of experiments with variants, the most effective method was determined. The conducted study allows concluding that the constructed imitational-dynamic model is quite universal and on its basis, it is possible to conduct a variety of studies concerning various issues related to amortization deductions.
Logic of interrelation of indicators and generated estimates in information-analytical system of economic integrated structures (clusters)
Authors: Lyamzin O L
Published: November 2019

The formation of national economic clusters, considered today as one of the important ways to promote the economic growth and intensification requires not only the expressed interest of the subjects of clustering (top management of companies, territorial administrations, etc.). It is also important here is the degree of applicability of the conceptual and instrumental base of these processes for the Russian conditions. Data collection, its grouping, analysis, and further use in cluster management should be based on the logic, which is reasonable and transparent for managers. This logic should organically include the specifics of the interrelations within the system of indicators of the state of clusters, and then - the essence of the estimates formed on this basis. The proposed article is devoted to the reflection of the author view on the solution of these issues.
Application of data envelopment analysis method for assessment of performance of enterprises in fuel and energy complex
Authors: Pokushko M , Stupina A , Medina - Bulo I , Dresvianskii E , Karaseva M
Published: November 2019

The article proposes the DEA method to solve the problem of estimating the efficiency of the heat supply system in Krasnoyarsk, where several enterprises provide heat supply services. The architecture of the universal DSS has been modified using the DEA method. The application of DSS with such architecture made it possible to make more informed decisions regarding the estimation of the enterprise safety with respect to the environment. The article also shows the efficiency of the DEA method in solving the problem of estimating the efficiency of the heating system in Krasnoyarsk. The features of using this method in decision support systems are given.
Implementation of H2M technology and augmented reality for operation of cyber-physical production of the Industry 4.0
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Gurjanov A V , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O
Published: November 2019

The task is to design an instrument of interaction for an operator and a cyber and physical system in the Industry 4.0 production. There are three main technological operations defined which are necessary for the production operator interaction with the cyber and physical system. Those technological operations are: control (programming), exploitation (condition monitoring) of cyber and physical systems and its servicing (maintenance and materials and components refilling which are necessary for item manufacturing). Components and their application order with the interaction scheme are defined which are necessary for an operator to control and exploit a cyber and physical system. Those components are elements of the Humane-to-Machine technology. Cyber and physical system technical servicing technological operation is proposed to be conducted with a special machine and program device — helmets which support digital technologies of augmented reality. There is a description of a functionality principle for an augmented reality helmet.
Simulation of noise generated by a rotary-screw mover as a result of friction
Authors: Erasov I , Kuklina I , Mokerov D , Molev Yu
Published: November 2019

The article describes the theoretical study of the noise generation parameters under friction of a base cylinder of a rotary-screw mover. The analysis of the influence of parameters of the base cylinder (diameter, angle of winding of the helical blade, length) and the vehicle motion parameters (speed, mass) on the noise level arising from mover interaction with a single obstacle is presented in the paper. The conditions for the occurrence of sound vibrations are shown. Analysis of the research results allows us to conclude that a significant noise level generated by the rotary-screw mover can take place only when the vehicle is moving on ice. The created model and the obtained results can be applied by developers of all-terrain vehicles.
Hierarchical selection of technological equipment for the production system
Authors: Pishchukhin A M , Akhmedyanova G F
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a study of technical and economic indicators is used in the design and selection of production equipment. Since the indicators currently used are considered independently of each other, they are rarely agreed upon. To overcome this drawback, it is proposed to consider them depending on five levels: parametric, structural, technological, economic and social. This immediately introduces the hierarchical subordination of indicators and their connection with social needs and a rapidly changing economic environment. As an example, a reconfigurable production system is considered, the equipment load factor, which requires increased flexibility from the system, is chosen as the main parameter. The reconfigurable production system, in addition to software or parametric flexibility, allows you to increase it due to the ease of changing the production structure, and when it is not enough, and this can move to reconfigurable production, which provides greater adaptation to changing conditions and expands the range of products produced through the use of transforming machines. The developed approach is applied to the technological system of a regional enterprise. The results, presented in the form of histograms, show a progressive increase in the equipment load factor as it moves along the hierarchical scheme. Thus, to answer the question what equipment should be designed or selected at the operating enterprise, it is necessary to consider five hierarchical levels with their own indicators each. At the same time, the indicators of the lower level can be determined only after the determination of the indicators of the higher level.
Improving quality of granulometric composition of potash ore produced by «Ural-20R» heading-and-winning machines
Authors: Shishlyannikov D I , Shibanov D A
Published: November 2019

Processes of cutting and movement of potash ore during operation of «Ural-20R» heading-and-winning machines are followed with its breakage leading to the increase of number of non-washable powdered classes (particle size less than 0.25 mm) in the breakage products. The sources analysis of dust-like classes formation during the work of «Ural-20R» machines is performed. The regions of rational (by minimum output of dust-like classes) values of breaking parameters of potassium solid mass in use of checkered and consistent cutting schemes are defined. The analysis of the operating parameters compliance of the planetary-disk operating members of «Ural-20R» machines of various modifications with rational cutting parameters is carried out. Technical proposals on improving the operating members of «Ural-20R» machines by use of the crossed procedure of potassium solid mass breaking are reported. It is proved that the proposed solutions will reduce the number of dust-like classes in the breakage products and reduce the specific energy consumption of the potash ore production processed.
Calculation of the length of the cantilever part of beam pipeline crossings based on the improved design scheme
Authors: Makhmudova I F , Karimov D D , Gulin D A , Bykov L I , Gumerov A G , Akhmetov R T
Published: November 2019

During the design and construction of pipelines at the intersection of natural or artificial obstacles, various beam systems are used. They often include a compensator which must collect section elongations composed of temperature extensions from the internal pressure and longitudinal forces caused by longitudinal movements of the underground sections adjacent to the above-ground pipeline. This article analyzes sources that highlight the design of beam crossings with compensators. The design in which the maximum bending moment in the middle of the span and the support moment have equal absolute values is optimal. Based on the identified deficiencies of the design schemes, it was proposed to calculate the length of the single-span beam crossing with compensators using a different scheme.
Dynamic fast fracture of smartphone screens
Authors: Magomedov I A , Orlova I V , Lisichko O I , Alikhadzhiev S Kh
Published: November 2019

This thesis is focused on comparing fast fracture of two screens of smartphones (Apple 5 and Samsung alpha). The analysis is done using the novel method, which is eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and a cohesive element (CE) using software Code_Aster and Salome Meca. An apple screen (Sapphire) illustrated high resistance to fracture, while Samsung (Gorilla Glass) fractured with applied force is smaller than the one applied to Apple (Sapphire). However, Gorilla Glass wins in crack propagation by demonstrating better performance. We worked out that the size of screen also influenced fracture. Gc influence on crack propagation was observed. The results illustrated that by increasing Gc the crack propagation will be reduced and vice versa. In addition Gc change will have more influence when applied force is smaller. Influence of other cracks on initiation new crack was also analysed. The results showed that the initial cracks might increase displacement of deformed body, but reduce crack propagation. The results also showed that Gorilla Glass tends to be deformed more if compared to Sapphire.
Technology of suspended structures creation of the electro-hydraulic system in the design of a prototype underwater manifold and its elements
Authors: Chulkin S G , Karpunina V P , Zubarev Yu M
Published: November 2019

The article discusses the urgent problem associated with the creation of technology for designing the supports of the electro-hydraulic system of the Russian model of an underwater manifold under conditions of import substitution in the country’s oil and gas sector. Trends and prospects for the development of mechanical engineering for underwater hydrocarbon production are shown. Based on the initial data for the design for the calculated and simulated pipelines of small diameter, which are part of the electro-hydraulic circuit of the manifold, the corresponding supports have been developed. After developing the technologies on the prototype, it is planned to further use the developed supports as part of the serial delivery of components of the subsea production system for deep-sea oil and gas condensate fields in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation.
Study of changes of vessel’s speed in ice conditions on the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Ol’khovik E
Published: November 2019

Based on archive information of automatic identification system (AIS), studies of changes in the commercial speed of large-capacity ice-class vessels Arc7 along the route in the Kara Sea on the Northern Sea Route are carried out. To plan maritime traffic in the Arctic seas, it is necessary to have objective data on the influence of various factors on speed and time of transition. To ensure the safety of Arctic shipping, it is necessary to have objective data on the effect of ice on speed and maneuverability of vessels. It was proposed to use a geographic information system (GIS), the layers of which include data on the speeds and routes of vessels of various capacities and data on monitoring ice conditions. Detailed attention was paid to the route in the Kara Sea, as it the main entrance to the Northern Sea Route from the west, the movement of vessels was studied during the winter navigation period under the most severe ice conditions (March) and during the summer navigation period for clean water (September). It was found that in the dense stream of ships in summer navigation, the speed of ships varies slightly and depends on the density and intensity of traffic, and in winter navigation, the speed of ships has dramatic changes as ships go along the route with a large lateral deviation from the route. Research is performed at the Arctic Faculty of Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping. In future, all obtained relationships can be used for modeling the maritime traffic on the Northern Sea Route with an increase in the number of large-capacity vessels with Arc7 ice-class.
Enhancement of stripping operations in the development of the Chernogorskoe coal deposit
Authors: Romashkin Y V , Sidorov V V
Published: November 2019

The article presents the rationale for the process flow design of transportless stripping, which allows increasing the efficiency of overburden operations in the combined development system of the Chernogorsky field, based on the established dependencies of changes in the main technological indicators on the height of the dragline placement.
Field test of thermal gas treatment for the Bazhen formation development
Authors: Sarancha A V , Deneko M V
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, there is a great number of articles on the Bazhen formation and the huge hydrocarbons’ amount lurking in it. The main purpose of this article is to highlight the results of the Bazhen formation development and wells operation in one oil field. The thermal gas treatment technology impact on source rocks was tested on this field. It was the first experience of thermal gas influence application on the Bazhen formation source rocks. Now it is of great interest for specialists from scientific-research and design institutes working on the design and development of oil and gas fields.
The acoustic oscillation effect on the saturated pore-medium filtration characteristics with the purpose of oil recovery improvement and intensification of the flow
Authors: Vedmenskiy A M , Strekalov A V
Published: November 2019

The article describes a perspective method of the acoustic effect on the saturated pore media to increase filtration characteristics. A hypothesis of the effect of non-harmonic oscillations of a complex wave profile is formulated, including frequency spectra resonant with both the rock and saturating fluids, which together can cause a synergistic effect repeatedly increasing the filtration rate. A laboratory setup designed for this purpose has been also described.
Justification of impact and planning of technology efficiency on the basis of limy-emulsion formulation in low-permeability highly-rugged reservoirs of Tyumen deposits
Authors: Khokhlov V I , Galimov Sh S , Devyatkova S G , Kotenev Yu A , Sultanov Sh Kh , Mukhametshin V Sh
Published: November 2019

Justification of the effective chemical methods and technologies for oil production increase of highly rugged low-productive reservoirs is a relevant area of focus. The primary objective in this area is to justify the selection and planning of technologies of injection of chemical agents for field-geological factors of Tyumen deposits. Tyumen deposits are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity of the structure and are represented by irregularly discontinuous interlensing of sandstones, aleurolites, clays and coals. High internal heterogeneity of the reservoir determines abnormally low permeability (on the average less than 6 mD) and weak pressure communication in the bed. Due to the complex geological structure there has been an intensive production decline, decreasing of injectivity and initially high water cut of production during well operation. In order to increase the production stimulation and injectivity at the operating wells, more than 50 exposure technologies have been tested. The main scope of work on wells with injectivity less than 120 m3/day is performed by injection of surfactant-containing and emulsion formulations. Factors determining the efficiency of applied technologies in Tyumen deposits were studied. It is necessary not only to consider and compare the achieved efficiency of certain technologies, but also to continue searching for new chemical formulations to increase oil production of highly-rugged low-productive reservoirs. The paper presented an algorithm for analyzing the results of operations conducted at the injection wells.
Elimination of uncertainties in predicting well interaction using indirect geological field information
Authors: Kuleshova L S , Mukhametshin V V
Published: November 2019

For different groups of wells of the West Siberian oil and gas province, algorithms for reducing the degree of uncertainty in predicting the interaction of production and injection wells using factor analysis methods and indirect geological information were developed. The boundary values of discriminant functions were established. They help divide production wells into interacting and non-interacting ones with a high degree of accuracy (up to 90%).
Developing a methodology for estimation of excavation techniques for given operating conditions
Authors: Kuvshinkin S Y , Ivanova P V
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the basic principles of developing a methodology for comparing the performance of mining excavators for given operating conditions. The indicators determining the effectiveness of mining excavators are given. The main aspects of the developed methodology are considered. A comparison algorithm is proposed.
Total Quality Management Practices in Construction Project Delivery in South Africa
Authors: Aghimien D , Aigbavboa C , Thwala W , Mothiba H
Published: November 2019

Due to its ability to provide quality through effective management practices, Total Quality Management (TQM) has attracted significant attention in most academic discuss in recent times. This attention became necessary as a result of the overarching need to increase the quality of products being delivered within the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry (AEC). Based on this knowledge, this study assessed TQM practices in construction project delivery in Gauteng, South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative approach through a questionnaire survey, and information was harnessed from construction participants involved in the delivery of civil engineering projects within the study area. The data gathered were analysed using percentage, mean score and standard deviation, while the reliability of the research questionnaire was tested using Cronbach alpha test. The findings of the study revealed that the most adopted TQM practices are customer focus, supplier quality management, strategic planning, and employee relations. In order to improve the adoption of TQM practices, measures such as ensuring customer involvement, top management involvement, and commitment, education, and training of engineers on TQM practices, effective customer-supplier relationship, effective communication (internal and external), and primary customer focus, are important. This study adds value to the body of knowledge as it gives an insight on the TQM practices being adopted in the delivery of civil engineering projects within the study area as well as the measures to be put in place in order to ensure improved adoption of TQM.
Critical Drivers for Health and Safety Management among SMEs in the Eswatini Construction Industry
Authors: Aghimien D , Aigbavboa C , Thwala G , Thwala W
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the result of an assessment of the critical drivers for proper implementation of H&S management practices within SMEs in the Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland) Construction Industry (ECI). The need for a healthier and safer construction environment in the country necessitated the study. A survey approach was adopted for the study and quantitative data were gathered through the use of a questionnaire administered to construction participants within small and medium construction firms in Hhohho and Manzini provinces. Data analysis was done using percentage, and factor analysis, while the reliability of the questionnaire adopted was tested using Cronbach alpha test. Findings revealed that the critical drivers needed for H&S management practices to be effectively carried out among SMEs in the ECI are; creation and implementation of H&S plans, proper workers’ welfare, and government and client’s support. This study adds value to the body of knowledge as it showcases the critical drivers needed for the proper implementation of H&S management practices within the country’s construction industry; an aspect that has not gained considerable research attention within the country
Capacity of professionals in delivering sustainable construction in Nigeria
Authors: Akinshipe O , Oluleye I B , Aigbavboa C
Published: November 2019

Construction activities greatly contribute to environmental degradation and increased carbon footprint in the atmosphere. The need to mitigate these impacts has instigated the adoption of sustainable practices such as green building in various developed and rapidly developing countries. This study, therefore, measures the knowledge of Nigerian built environment professionals in the field of sustainable construction with a view to appraise how the local construction industry is performing in delivering sustainable development. The scope of the research is delimited to the construction professionals in Ondo state, Nigeria. This research adopted the survey research design and descriptive statistic was used to analyze the data which was sourced from the construction professionals via a close-ended questionnaire. Findings from the study revealed that a substantial percentage of the construction professionals in the study area do not really understand the fundamentals of sustainable construction practices thus impeding them from deploying it to construction projects. It is therefore recommended that efforts should be intensified in educating and developing construction professionals on the practicability of sustainable construction, so they can fully exploit the technology and ensure sustainability in the built environment.
Critical success factors (CSFs) influencing the implementation of industrialized building Systems (IBS) in Nigeria
Authors: Nduka D O , Fagbenle O I , Ogunde A , Afolabi A
Published: November 2019

Conventional method of construction hinders the actualization of triple success project objectives of time, cost and quality delivery of construction projects while IBS method is used for closing these negative effects. Hence, this study aimed at examining critical success factors (CSFs) influencing the implementation of industrialized building systems (IBS) in Nigeria. Adopting a cross-sectional survey design, a close-ended questionnaire was purposively administered online to construction professionals who have distinct knowledge and experience on projects where IBS has been implemented. The data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics using IBM SPSS v. 21. The study findings showed that good working relationship, training of skilled workforce, effective communication route and financial capacity are the CSFs furthering the implementation of IBS in a developing country like Nigeria. The implication for practice is for construction stakeholders to develop these competencies to maximally improve the implementation of IBS projects. The study developed a framework that the project stakeholders can implement for an efficient industrialized building system on construction projects.
Investigation of day light levels in a room within a building
Authors: Oguntosin V , Akindele A , Orimogunje A
Published: November 2019

This work investigates natural light levels inside a room in Electrical & Information Engineering building, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. In order to reduce the amount of energy used on lighting, it is imperative to make the utmost use of natural daylight. The use of windows are one traditional solution, other solutions are skylights and light pipes; atria and light wells; domes and arches; structural glass which are all discussed. In high temperature regions, it is necessary to reduce the amount of sunlight entering the room because light produces heat. With the use of a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR sensor), results are presented to study the day light levels in a room by measuring the light levels at various parts of the room; by measuring the proportion of light entering through the window and measuring how the light level changes over a 24 hour period. The outcome of this work is the study and development of a system that can monitor light levels in a building. The application of this work extends to determining the period of the day when daylight is maximal in order to reduce energy cost, building an automation system for the automatic lighting of dark areas within a building as well as monitoring energy consumption used to light p a building. Further extension will be to make predictions on the natural light level based on the data available.
Maintenance requirements of students’ residential facility in higher educational institution (HEI) in Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbayo B F , Aigbavboa O C
Published: November 2019

Hostel accommodation is very crucial to the performance of students’ in any higher educational institution (HEI). It is against this background that this study appraised students’ maintenance requirements in the hall of residence on the facility provided for Higher Educational Institution (HEI) using Covenant University Ota, a leading private University in Nigeria, as a case study. Structured Questionnaires were distributed through systematic random sampling techniques to 198 respondents, to collect data on their maintenance requirements from the maintenance management unit. The result of the study indicates that most maintenance request by the student in HEI facility is majorly on floor and wall, reading tables and chairs, together with lockers and door locks. The study found out that acknowledgment of maintenance request by maintenance personnel was prompt but the actual repairs take time. The studies further showed that vandalism, lack of user’s specification and use of substandard material during replacement were some of the significant factors causing damage to facilities in HEIs. The study concluded that to meet maintenance requirements of students’ in HEI hostels, the facility provided should be maintainable, serviceable, and replaceable within the hall of residence and a maintenance operations manual should be provided for maintenance personnel to develop a maintenance standard in meeting the students’ immediate maintenance requirements.
Barriers to retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency in South Africa
Authors: Oguntona O A , Maseko B M , Aigbavboa C O , Thwala W D
Published: November 2019

Literature has established the enormity of energy consumed by buildings. The processes involved in generating and distributing this energy, and most especially its usage is identified as causing a significant adverse environmental impact. As a strategy for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of existing buildings through the introduction of new technologies, retrofitting has become another avenue for achieving sustainability in the construction industry. This paper, therefore, seeks to identify the major barriers to retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency in South Africa. A structured questionnaire survey was used as the instrument for data collection. Data for the study were gathered from construction professionals (architects, civil engineers, quantity surveyors, project managers, construction managers, and energy engineers) with experience in building retrofit projects. A quantitative approach to data analysis was adopted using percentage, standard deviation, and mean item score. From the data analysed, the results revealed low income, high investment costs, occupant’s resistance, high upfront cost, and low consumer appeal as the top five barriers. The findings from this study will help improve and encourage retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency which is believed to have the potential of drastically reducing the long-term cost of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint.
Identifying the awareness level of the use of sustainable project management in the South African construction industry
Authors: Ohiomah I , Aigbavboa C , Mogasho B , Osunsanmi T , Thwala W D
Published: November 2019

The relationship between project management and sustainable development is rapidly gain-ing interest from both practitioners and academics. This is so because projects have long term impacts on social, economic and environmental sustainability to South Africa, because of this construction companies are increasingly under pressure to incorporate the objectives of sustainable development into company policies and decision-making processes. The aim of this study is to identify the level of awareness of sustainable project management by professionals in the South African construction industry. A quantitative methodology approach was adopted for this study, a questionnaire was employed to gather data for this study. A total of fifty-two (52) respondents returned their questionnaires. Descriptive statistical tools were used to analyse the findings, tools such as mean item score (MIS) was used to rank the level of awareness of sustainable project management and the reliability of the was also checked. Findings from this study revealed that the implementation of sustainable project management can lead to saving energy, reduction of greenhouse emission amongst many. This study concluded by stating that it will be imperative for policies to be put in place by the government to help encourage organisations to implement sustainable project management.
Overcoming the challenges encountered by construction industry SMEs in using insurance
Authors: Akinradewo O , Aigbavboa C , Ngwenya L
Published: November 2019

The construction industry is arguably one that exposes the most people to uncertainty and danger, while insurance is considered to be the backbone of risk mitigation for many other industries. Insurance itself is a very subjective and complex method of risk management which has its own flaws but can turn out to be very useful in appropriate circumstances. The aim of this research study is to evaluate the ways of overcoming the challenges encountered in using insurance schemes by small and medium enterprises in the construction industry. Quantitative research design was adopted for this research study and the questionnaire was well structured to retrieve the necessary information from respondents. Factors obtained from reviewed literatures were structured into the questionnaire for respondents to rank using a 5-point Likert scale. Government construction officials, Consultants, Contractors and insurance organisations were chosen as respondents for this study based on their familiarity with insurance administration in the construction industry. Analysis of data retrieved was done using mean item score and Kruskal-Wallis H-test. Findings showed that SMEs needs continuous training, paying attention to details of the insurance policies and thorough risk assessment in order to overcome the challenges encountered with the use of insurance schemes. The study concludes that SME’s are faced with the challenge of having leadership with little or no education concerning insurance policies thereby resulting in not knowing how best to minimize chances of risk fruition or how to get the best insurance policy covers.