bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO2 exchange of a managed temperate grassland
Authors: Spielmann Felix M. , Hammerle Albin , Kitz Florian , Gerdel Katharina , Wohlfahrt Georg
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Gross primary productivity (GPP), the CO2 uptake by
means of photosynthesis, cannot be measured directly on the ecosystem scale but
has to be inferred from proxies or models. One newly emerged proxy is the
trace gas carbonyl sulfide (COS). COS diffuses into plant leaves in a
fashion very similar to CO2 but is generally not emitted by plants.
Laboratory studies on leaf level gas exchange have shown promising
correlations between the leaf relative uptake (LRU) of COS to CO2 under
controlled conditions. However, in situ measurements including daily to seasonal
environmental changes are required to test the applicability of COS as a
tracer for GPP at larger temporal scales. To this end, we conducted
concurrent ecosystem-scale CO2 and COS flux measurements above an
agriculturally managed temperate mountain grassland. We also determined the
magnitude and variability of the soil COS exchange, which can affect the LRU
on an ecosystem level. The cutting and removal of the grass at the site had a
major influence on the soil flux as well as the total exchange of COS. The
grassland acted as a major sink for CO2 and COS during periods of high
leaf area. The sink strength decreased after the cuts, and the grassland
turned into a net source for CO2 and COS on an ecosystem level. The soil
acted as a small sink for COS when the canopy was undisturbed but also
turned into a source after the cuts, which we linked to higher incident
radiation hitting the soil surface. However, the soil contribution was not
large enough to explain the COS emission on an ecosystem level, hinting at an
unknown COS source possibly related to dead plant matter degradation. Over
the course of the season, we observed a concurrent decrease in CO2 and
COS uptake on an ecosystem level. With the exception of the short periods after
the cuts, the LRU under high-light conditions was rather stable and
indicated a high correlation between the COS flux and GPP across the growing
season.
Technical Note: Characterising and comparing different palaeoclimates with dynamical systems theory
Authors: Messori Gabriele , Faranda Davide
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Numerical climate simulations produce vast amounts of high-resolution data. This poses new challenges to the palaeoclimate community – and indeed to the broader climate community – in how to efficiently process and interpret model output. The palaeoclimate community also faces the additional challenge of having to characterise and compare a much broader range of climates than encountered in other subfields of climate science. Here we propose an analysis framework, grounded in dynamical systems theory, which may contribute to overcome these challenges. The framework enables to characterise the dynamics of a given climate through a small number of metrics. These may be applied to individual climate variables or to diagnose the coupling between different variables. To illustrate its applicability, we analyse three numerical simulations of mid-Holocene climates over North Africa, under different boundary conditions. We find that the three simulations produce climate systems with different dynamical properties, which are reflected in the dynamical systems metrics. We conclude that the dynamical systems framework holds significant potential for analysing palaeoclimate simulations. At the same time, an appraisal of the framework's limitations suggests that it should be viewed as a complement to more conventional analyses, rather than as a wholesale substitute.
The fate of land evaporation – a global dataset
Authors: Link Andreas , van der Ent Ruud , Berger Markus , Eisner Stephanie , Finkbeiner Matthias
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Various studies investigated the fate of evaporation and
the origin of precipitation. The more recent studies among them were often
carried out with the help of numerical moisture tracking. Many research
questions could be answered within this context, such as dependencies of
atmospheric moisture transfers between different regions, impacts of land
cover changes on the hydrological cycle, sustainability-related questions, and questions regarding the seasonal and interannual variability of
precipitation. In order to facilitate future applications, global datasets
on the fate of evaporation and the sources of precipitation are needed.
Since most studies are on a regional level and focus more on the sources of
precipitation, the goal of this study is to provide a readily available
global dataset on the fate of evaporation for a fine-meshed grid of source
and receptor cells. The dataset was created through a global run of the
numerical moisture tracking model Water
Accounting Model-2layers (WAM-2layers) and focused on the fate of
land evaporation. The tracking was conducted on a 1.5∘×1.5∘ grid and was based on reanalysis data from the ERA-Interim
database. Climatic input data were incorporated in 3- to 6-hourly time steps
and represent the time period from 2001 to 2018. Atmospheric moisture was
tracked forward in time and the geographical borders of the model were
located at ±79.5∘ latitude. As a result of the model run, the
annual, the monthly and the interannual average fate of evaporation
were determined for 8684 land grid cells (all land cells except those located
within Greenland and Antarctica) and provided via source–receptor matrices.
The gained dataset was complemented via an aggregation to country and basin
scales in order to highlight possible usages for areas of interest larger
than grid cells. This resulted in data for 265 countries and 8223 basins.
Finally, five types of source–receptor matrices for average moisture
transfers were chosen to build the core of the dataset: land grid cell to
grid cell, country to grid cell, basin to grid cell, country to country,
basin to basin. The dataset is, to our knowledge, the first
ready-to-download dataset providing the overall fate of evaporation for land
cells of a global fine-meshed grid in monthly resolution. At the same time,
information on the sources of precipitation can be extracted from it. It
could be used for investigations into average annual, seasonal, and
interannual sink and source regions of atmospheric moisture from land
masses for most of the regions in the world and shows various application
possibilities for studying interactions between people and water, such as
land cover changes or human water consumption patterns. The dataset is
accessible under https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.908705
(Link et al., 2019a) and comes along with example scripts
for reading and plotting the data.
Multilayer-HySEA model validation for landslide generated tsunamis. Part I Rigid slides
Authors: Macías Jorge , Escalante Cipriano , Castro Manuel J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The present work is devoted to the benchmarking of the Multilayer-HySEA model using laboratory experiment data for landslide generated tsunamis. This first part of the work deals with rigid slides and the second part, in a companion paper, with granular slides. The US National Tsunami Hazard and Mitigation Program (NTHMP) has proposed the experimental data used and established for the NTHMP Landslide Benchmark Workshop, held in January 2017 at Galveston. The first three benchmark problems proposed in this workshop dealt with rigid slides, simulated as a moving bottom topography, that must be imposed as a prescribed boundary condition. These three benchmarks are used here to validate the Multilayer-HySEA model. This new model of the HySEA family consists of an efficient hybrid finite volume/finite difference implementation on GPU architectures of a non-hydrostatic multilayer model. A brief description of model equations, its dispersive properties, and the numerical scheme is included. The benchmarks are described and the numerical results compared against the lab measured data for each of them. The specific aim of the present work is to validate this new code for tsunamis generated by rigid slides. Nevertheless, the overall objective of the current benchmarking effort is to produce a ready-to-use numerical tool for real world landslide generated tsunami hazard assessment. This tool has already been used to reproduce the Port Valdez Alaska 1969 event.
Understanding Drivers of Glacier Length Variability Over the Last
Millennium
Authors: Huston Alan , Siler Nicholas , Roe Gerard H. , Pettit Erin , Steiger Nathan J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Changes in glacier length reflect the integrated response to local fluctuations in temperature and precipitation resulting from both external forcing (e.g., volcanic eruptions or anthropogenic CO2) and internal climate variability. In order to interpret the climate history reflected in the glacier moraine record, therefore, the influence of both sources of climate variability must be considered. Here we study the last millennium of glacier length variability across the globe using a simple dynamic glacier model, which we force with temperature and precipitation time series from a 13-member ensemble of simulations from a global climate model. The ensemble allows us to quantify the contributions to glacier length variability from external forcing (given by the ensemble mean) and internal variability (given by the ensemble spread). Within this framework, we find that internal variability drives most length changes in mountain glaciers that have a response timescale of less than a few decades. However, for glaciers with longer response timescales (more than a few decades) external forcing has a greater influence than internal variability. We further find that external forcing also dominates when the response of glaciers from widely separated regions is averaged. Single-forcing simulations indicate that most of the forced response over the last millennium, pre-anthropogenic warming, has been driven by global-scale temperature change associated with volcanic aerosols.
El hilo de la memoria: prácticas teológicas y político-religiosas del catolicismo liberacionista en Argentina
Authors: Giménez Béliveau Verónica , Carbonelli Marcos Andrés
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo analiza los usos de las teologías en la configuración del catolicismo liberacionista en la Argentina desde la post-dictadura hasta la segunda década del siglo XXI, identificando dos momentos típicos. El artículo comienza con el análisis de los Seminarios de Formación Teológica, núcleo del espacio católico liberacionista de los años 1990. Partiendo de la reivindicación de la figura de los mártires y de una reelaboración teológica de carácter horizontal y participativo, mostraremos cómo este espacio actualiza el legado de la Teología de la Liberación en el marco de la resistencia al neoliberalismo. Presentaremos los puntos de contacto y de diferencia entre la Teología de la Liberación, entendida como corriente intelectual continental,  y la Teología del Pueblo, una variante nutrida de las efervescencias político- religiosas de la Argentina. En el segundo momento, a partir del papado de Francisco, se activan nuevas militancias político- religiosas que enfatizan la intersección entre religiosidad popular y organización política de los sectores populares.  El ejercicio de memoria aparece como un locus común que anuda distintas etapas históricas de sectores católicos disidentes.  En términos metodológicos los hallazgos de ese manuscrito se sustentan en una investigación de cuatro años realizada sobre militancias político- religiosas contemporáneas, a partir de entrevistas en profundidad, observación de eventos y análisis de fuentes secundarias.
Adaptation of two-dimensional electrophoresis for muscle tissue analysis
Authors: Akhremko Anastasiya , Vasilevskaya Ekaterina Romanovna , Fedulova Liliya
Published: August 2020

It is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that take place in muscle tissues and to predict meat quality characteristics. One of the most popular methods is two-dimensional electrophoresis, which allows us to visualize, share and identify different molecules, including meat proteins. However, the standard conditions of this method are not universal for all types of raw material, so the authors suggest a new variation of two-dimensional electrophoresis for muscle tissue analysis. Samples were tested by the classical version of isoelectric focusing (cathode buffer in the top and anode buffer in the bottom chamber of the electrophoresis cell) and its variation (anode buffer in the top and cathode buffer in the bottom chamber of the electrophoresis cell). Next, extruded gels were incubated in two different buffer systems: the first was equilibration buffer I (6 M urea, 20% w/v glycerol, 2% w/v SDS and 1% w/v Ditiothreitol in 375 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.8) followed by equilibration buffer II (6 M urea, 20% w/v glycerol, 2% w/v SDS and 4% w/v iodoacetamide in 375 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.8 and the second, buffer А, consisting of 5 M urea, 2% w/v SDS, 5% v/v mercaptoethanol, 62.5 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 6.8 and 0.01% w/v bromophenol blue. Electrophoretic studies of muscle tissue revealed the best protein separation after changing the direction of the current (authors' variation), while no differences were detected after changing incubation buffers.
Improving the quality of milk dispersion in a counter-jet homogenizer
Authors: Samoichuk Kyrylo , Zhuravel Dmytro , Palyanichka Nadiya , Oleksiienko Vadim , Petrychenko Serhii , Slobodyanyuk Natalia , Shanina Olga , Galyasnyj Ivan , Adamchuk Leonora , Sukhenko Vladyslav
Published: August 2020

Homogenization is a necessary process in the production of drinking milk and most dairy products. The specific energy consumption of the most common valve homogenizers reaches 8 kW h.t-1. A promising way to reduce it is the introduction of more effective counter-jet homogenizers. The purpose of these studies is to increase the efficiency of machines of this type through fuller use of their kinetic energy. To achieve this, the design of a ring reflector was developed and experimental studies were carried out to determine its influence on the efficiency of milk fat dispersion in a counter-jet homogenizer. Calculations were made to determine the reflector’s design parameters. An installation for experimental research has been developed, in which the required milk pressure is created with the help of compressed carbon dioxide. The dispersive indices of the milk emulsion were determined by computer analysis of milk sample micrographs obtained with an optical microscope and a digital camera using Microsoft Office Excel and Microsoft Visual Studio C# software using the OpenCV Sharp library. As a result of research, the formula for defining the angle of the reflector top has been determined analytically. Experimental studies proved its validity and allowed determination of the optimal diameter. A comparison of the dependence of the degree of homogenization on the excess pressure in a counter-jet homogenizer proves a 15 – 20% increase in the degree of dispersion when using a reflector. At the same time, specific energy consumption does not increase. Comparison of the distribution curves of milk fat globules by size after counter-jet homogenization and homogenization with a reflector suggests that the average diameter of fat globules for the experimental method decreases from 0.99 to 0.83 μm. This indicates the high quality of the dispersal characteristics of the milk emulsion after processing in a counter-jet homogenizer with a reflector.
Guide to Systematizing Support for Students with Disabilities in Postsecondary EFL
Authors: Young Davey
Published: August 2020

Despite the ubiquitous presence of students with disabilities (SWDs) enrolled in institutes of higher education around the world, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) programs are often underequipped to provide them with appropriate and effective disability services and inclusive instruction. Given the general uncertainty among EFL professionals of how to provide such services and instruction, and considering that postsecondary EFL learning environments can differ considerably from context to context, it may be useful for language program leaders to create context-specific support systems to serve SWDs enrolled in their courses. The present paper provides a set of practical guidelines for establishing an institutional or departmental policy and procedure for ensuring a continuum of services to SWDs in contexts where such measures do not already exist, as is the case in many postsecondary EFL learning environments around the world. These guidelines are presented as a set of eight steps in a suggested sequence of execution: identify existing policies or create new ones, identify and determine the availability of resources, identify and remove barriers in the learning environment, assign clear roles and responsibilities for leadership, create a framework for service delivery, include a provision for post-implementation evaluation, offer opportunities for professional growth and creation of expertise, and share best practices with practitioners in other contexts.
Os limites normativos da mobilidade humana em processos de integração regional: os efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 e as restrições à circulação de pessoas na União Europeia e no MERCOSUL
Authors: Cavalcante Filho João Mauricio Malta , Barza Eugênia Cristina Nilsen Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

Os blocos regionais que optaram pelo mercado comum condicionam uma ordem normativa de disciplinamento da mobilidade humana, a qual encontrou limites nacionais acentuados pela crise de saúde relacionada à pandemia de COVID-19. No cenário de restrições à mobilidade por ocasião do novo coronavírus, este artigo trata das barreiras jurídicas à liberdade de circulação de pessoas em espaços integrados; em especial, no âmbito da União Europeia e do MERCOSUL. Contrapondo as experiências à luz do direito comunitário e do direito da integração regional, objetiva-se analisar o disciplinamento da mobilidade em arranjos integrativos, discutindo os desafios e os limites da livre circulação de pessoas nos modelos europeu e mercosulino. Para tanto, propõe-se reflexão a partir da teoria da integração econômica, no contexto de globalização confrontada por limites nacionais de saúde e ordem pública. Metodologicamente, utiliza-se da revisão bibliográfica e do método hipotético-dedutivo, para testar a hipótese de que a mobilidade é disciplinada em sistemas regionais, conferindo abertura às competências estatais em situações de crise. Os resultados indicam que as ordens regionais analisadas admitem limites à mobilidade humana. A pandemia, com ápice registrado no primeiro semestre de 2020, ilustra essa dinâmica de regulamentação da livre circulação de pessoas, revelando que os sistemas regionais toleram restrições nacionais no espaço comum, confirmando a hipótese aventada. Na União Europeia, as restrições à circulação desafiam a estrutura comunitária, enquanto no MERCOSUL reafirmam o modelo fortemente intergovernamental do bloco. Constata-se que as medidas impactam o espaço integrado, devendo observar os limites das ordens regionais e das recomendações internacionais.
Using Coding Interviews as an Organizational and Evaluative Framework for a Graduate Course in Programming
Authors: Samsa Gregory
Published: August 2020

Objective: In a Statistical Analysis System (SAS) coding interview, job applicants are typically presented with data management and data analysis problems and asked to solve them using the programming language of SAS. Interviewers not only assess technical competence, but also algorithm design and more generally how applicants approach computer programming. In the language of constructivism, the problems are designed to assess the depth and soundness of the applicant’s mental model of SAS programming. We asked whether a SAS course, embedded within a Master of Biostatistics program, could reasonably be structured using a coding interview for the final examination as its organizing framework. Methods: This is a case study, where we describe how our content delivery was structured in order to prepare students for their coding interviews. It additionally relies on the metaphor of learning a second language through immersion. Results: Using a constructivist approach enhanced with active learning exercises, a course could in fact be designed around a coding interview. Course content can be mapped to the metaphor of foreign language immersion. Student response has been positive, and the formative evaluation has been encouraging to date. Conclusions: Coding interviews are a novel and potentially promising way to design a course in SAS programming.
The Virtual Avatar Lab (VAL): Tapping into Virtual Live Environments to Practice Classroom Feedback Conversations
Authors: Klash Erin F , Simmons Kate D
Published: August 2020

Providing effective feedback is a skill preservice teachers develop through practice. According to Hattie (2012), feedback is essential in the learning process, is prevalent in effective teaching, and its purpose is to help students determine current level of performance, so adjustments can be made to enhance performance to desired level. This qualitative case study was developed to provide 16, K-12 preservice teacher candidates with an opportunity to practice providing feedback in a virtual live environment. Candidates participated in (e.g. interacted with avatar, observed interaction, and/or critiqued interaction) a 60-minute simulation to practice feedback, then completed oral reflection and a written reflective survey (questionnaire) consisting of rating scales and corresponding written response items. Qualitative data collected was coded and analyzed for themes, while quantitative data explored central tendencies, and variations for each survey indicator. Results indicate live simulated sessions in the Virtual Avatar Lab (VAL) were beneficial in developing feedback skills. Teacher candidates reported favorable perceptions with respect to preparation to facilitate feedback conversations, in most cases felt the student avatars were authentic, and felt better prepared to help their future students take ownership of their own areas of strength and room for growth.
Forgiveness and Forgiveness Flexibility among University Students: An Experimental Study
Authors: Delibalta Ayca , Caglar Ezgi , Akbay Sinem Evin
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to understand the effectiveness of Forgiveness Group Therapy on forgiveness and forgiveness flexibility levels among university students. 16 students who studied at Mersin University joined the study. Enright’s Process Model of Psychological Forgiveness Scale was utilized when the program is designed. The group counseling program was conducted in the presence of two psychological counselors and a supervisor. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale and Forgiveness Flexibility Scale were used to gather data. The main purpose of that program was forgive to others. To analyze the effectiveness of the Forgiveness Group Counseling Therapy on forgiveness and forgiveness flexibility, the experimental design was implied. Pre and post-test were implied to two groups which were experimental and control groups. The data which collected owing to scales was analyzed by using non-parametric methods in SPSS program. The results showed that forgiveness the others and forgiveness flexibility increased for the experimental group while forgiveness of self and forgiveness of the situation wasn’t.
Factors Associated With Perioperative Transfusion in Lower Extremity Revision Arthroplasty Under a Restrictive Blood Management Protocol
Authors: Rao Sandesh S. , Chaudhry Yash P. , Hasan Syed A. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Amin Raj M. , Oni Julius K. , Sterling Robert S. , Khanuja Harpal S.
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Approximately 37% of patients undergoing lower extremity revision total joint arthroplasty (TJA) receive allogeneic blood transfusions (ABTs), which are associated with increased risk of morbidity and death. It is important to identify patient factors associated with needing ABT because the health of higher-risk patients can be optimized preoperatively and their need for ABT can be minimized. Our goal was to identify the patient and surgical factors independently associated with perioperative ABT in revision TJA.

Methods:

We included all 251 lower extremity revision TJA cases performed at our academic tertiary care center from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. We assessed the following factors for associations with perioperative ABT: patient age, sex, race, body mass index, preoperative hemoglobin level, and infection status (ie, infection as indication for revision TJA); use of vasopressors, tranexamic acid (TXA), surgical drains, tourniquets, and intraoperative cell salvage; and procedure type (hip versus knee), procedure complexity (according to the number of components revised), and surgical time. Multivariable regression was used to identify factors independently associated with perioperative ABT.

Results:

The following characteristics were independently associated with greater odds of perioperative ABT: preoperative hemoglobin level (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 2.2), infectious indication for revision (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 9.7), and procedure complexity. TXA use was a negative predictor of ABT (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.98). Compared with polyethylene liner exchanges, single-component revisions (OR, 14; 95% CI, 3.6 to 56) and dual-component revisions (OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 2.3 to 26) were associated with greater odds of ABT.

Discussion:

Patients with preoperative anemia, those undergoing revision TJA because of infection, those who did not receive TXA, and those undergoing more complex TJA procedures may have greater odds of requiring ABT. We recommend preoperative optimization of the health of these patients to reduce the need for ABT.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, prognostic study
Value of the Frontal Assessment Battery Tool for Assessing the Frontal Lobe Function in Stroke Patients
Authors: Han Mihyang , Kim Da-Ye , Leigh Ja-Ho , Kim Min-Wook
Published: August 2020

Objective To examine the correlation between the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) test, which is used to assess the frontal lobe function, and anatomical lesions as well as the ability of the test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction.Methods Records of stroke patients undergoing a FAB test and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the lesions determined by an imaging study: frontal lobe cortex lesions, frontal subcortical circuit lesions, and other lesions. The FAB scores of the three groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The validity of the FAB test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction was assessed by a comparison with the Computerized Neuropsychological Function Test (CNT) using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficients between the FAB test and MMSE were analyzed further based on the MMSE cutoff score.Results Patients with frontal cortex lesions had significantly lower total and subtest scores according to the FAB test than the other patients. The FAB test correlated better with the CNT than the MMSE, particularly in the executive function and memory domains. A high MMSE score (r=0.435) indicated a lower correlation with the FAB test score than a low MMSE score (r=0.714).Conclusion The FAB test could differentiate frontal lobe lesions from others in stroke patients and showed a good correlation with the CNT. Moreover, the FAB test can be used in patients with high MMSE scores to detect frontal lobe dysfunction and determine the treatment strategies for stroke patients.
Entrevista - Educação como Direito Humano e Social - entrevistada: Angela Aparecida da Cruz Duran
Authors: Terçariol Adriana Aparecida de Lima , Teixeira Rosiley Aparecida
Published: August 2020

Angela Aparecida da Cruz Duran - Graduação em Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais pelas Faculdades Integradas de Guarulhos/SP-FIG (1987), Especialização em Didática e Metodologia do Ensino pelas Faculdades Integradas Urubupungá-FIU (1999), Mestrado em Educação Escolar pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho-UNESP (2004), Doutorado em Direito pela Faculdade de Direito do Largo São Francisco da Universidade de São Paulo. Professora do Ensino Superior, nos Cursos de Direito e Especialização Lato Sensu em Direitos Humanos da UEMS - Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - Unidade Universitária de Paranaíba/MS. Tem experiência na área de Direito. É pesquisadora de temáticas nas seguintes áreas de conhecimento: Antropologia, História, Filosofia, Sociologia e Teoria Geral do Direito. Direitos Humanos e Direitos Fundamentais. Direito e Políticas Públicas para o Ensino Superior. Ensino Jurídico. Educação em ou para os Direitos Humanos. Cite como(ABNT NBR 6023:2018)TERÇARIOL, Adriana Aparecida de Lima; TEIXEIRA, Rosiley Aparecida. Educação como direito humano e social. Entrevistado: Angela Aparecida da Cruz Duran. Dialogia, São Paulo, n. 35, p. 3-6, maio/ago. 2020. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5585/dialogia.n35.17802.American Psychological Association (APA)Terçariol, A. A. de L., Teixeira, R. A. (2020, maio/ago.). Educação como direito humano e social. Entrevistado: Angela Aparecida da Cruz Duran. Dialogia, São Paulo, n. 35, p. 3-6. https://doi.org/10.5585/dialogia.n35.17802.
Múltiplas avaliações em Matemática: uma experiência
Authors: Basso Ademir
Published: August 2020

Neste artigo, é apresentada uma experiência onde foram utilizados múltiplos instrumentos avaliativos para recolher informações sobre o aprendizado de matemática nos três anos do Ensino Médio em um Colégio da Região Sudoeste do Paraná. Ao todo, foram 11 instrumentos avaliativos aplicados aos 5 grupos de estudantes nos turnos matutino, vespertino e noturno. O objetivo foi avaliar de maneira diferenciada e integrar, na medida do possível, a avaliação ao processo de ensino de matemática. Foram utilizados como instrumento avaliativo a cola, as tarefas/trabalhos de casa, o trabalho em duplas, imagens, filmes e séries, lendas, maquetes, relatórios, avaliação relâmpago, uma exposição e ainda, usando o artifício das piadas, do humor. O resultado foi positivo, pois tanto a aplicação mostrada pelos estudantes, quanto as menções/notas mudaram significativamente.
The European Ambition
Authors: Bardi Luciano , Gagatek Wojciech , Germond Carine , Johansson Karl Magnus , Kaiser Wolfram , Sassano Silvia
Published: August 2020

This book traces the EPP Group’s institutional, organisational and political trajectory in the European Parliament, focusing on the period after the first direct elections in 1979. In doing so, it sheds light on the functioning of parliamentary party groups, while at the same time creating the conditions for a better understanding of their role in the process of European integration and in the EU’s political system.

Based on the conceptual framework of different disciplines—history, political science, European studies and political sociology—this book is the outcome of a research project involving scholars with diverse academic backgrounds and from different EU countries.
Bacteriological Quality of Borehole and Sachet Water from a Community in Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Nwaiwu Ogueri , Claret Aduba Chiugo , Eniola Oni Oluyemisi
Published: August 2020

Water from boreholes and packaged commercial sachet water from different areas in a community in southern Nigeria was analyzed with membrane filtration for a snapshot of heterotrophic count and coliforms. Two boreholes out of the 20 analyzed had counts of over 500 Cfu/mL and 7 boreholes indicated the presence of coliforms. Sixteen samples out of 20 sachet water brands analyzed showed a regulatory product registration code, whereas 4 samples had no number or code indicating that they were not registered. The heterotrophic count of all sachet water was well within the limit for all samples analyzed, and coliform was detected in only two samples. The overall quality of borehole water in the community studied was rated D (65%), whereas the sachet water was rated C (90%) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) surveillance guidelines. Improvements in water quality structure in the community studied are required to help achieve WHO sustainable development goals on water sanitation. The etiology, virulence properties, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of bacteria associated with borehole and sachet water are also discussed.
Hundred Years of Lactitol: From Hydrogenation to Food Ingredient
Authors: I. Martinez-Monteagudo Sergio , Rathnakumar Kaavya , Enteshari Maryam , Nyuydze Collette , C. Osorio-Arias Juan , Ranaweera Hiran
Published: August 2020

The first report on the synthesis of lactitol dates back to the early 1920s. Nearly 100 years have passed since then, and the applications of lactitol have exceeded its original purpose. Currently, lactitol is used in bakery, confectionery, chocolate, desserts, chewing gum, cryoprotectant, delivery agent, and stabilizer in biosensors. Lactitol is the main reaction product derived from the hydrogenation of lactose. This chapter is aimed at providing a succinct overview of the historical development of lactitol, a summary of its synthesis, and an overview of its properties and applications.
KRas4BG12C/D/PDE6δ Heterodimeric Molecular Complex: A Target Molecular Multicomplex for the Identification and Evaluation of Nontoxic Pharmacological Compounds for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Briseño-Díaz Paola , Emma Velez-Uriza Dora , Cruz-Nova Pedro , Bello Ramirez Martiniano , Correa-Basurto Jose , Hernandez-Rivas Rosaura , del Rocio Thompson Bonilla Ma , Ángel Vargas Mejía Miguel
Published: August 2020

The search for new targeted therapies to improve the quality of life of patients with pancreatic cancer has taken about 30 years. Compounds that can inhibit the K-Ras4B oncoprotein signaling pathway have been sought. Taking into account that the interaction of KRas4B with PDE6δ is essential for its transport and subsequent activation in the plasma membrane, our working group identified and evaluated in vitro and in vivo small organic molecules that could act as molecular staples to stabilize the KRas4B/PDE6δ heterodimeric complex. From this group of molecules, 38 compounds with high interaction energies on the structure of the crystallized molecular complex were selected, indicating that they efficiently stabilized the molecular complex. In vitro evaluation of compounds called D14, C22, and C19 showed significant specific effects on the cell viability of pancreatic cancer cells (and not on normal cells), thus inducing death by apoptosis and significantly inhibiting the activation of the pathways, signaling AKT and ERK. In addition to these experimental findings, we were also able to detect that compounds D14 and C22 showed significant tumor growth inhibitory activity in pancreatic cancer cell-induced subcutaneous xenograft models.
Thinking at the Edges
Authors: Houser Nathan ,   Semiotic Society of America
Published: August 2020

The field of semiotic studies requires borders to function as a discipline but as a living science it is essential that those borders be unheeded. When Charles Peirce opened the modern field of semiotic studies he understood that he was an intellectual pioneer preparing the way for future semioticians. Peirce’s decision to equate semiotics with logic would likely seem bizarre to most professional logicians today yet his decision followed naturally from his view that all mental operations are sign actions and that semiosis is inferential. Peirce’s life-long study of sign types eventually led to a detailed, though provisional, classification of sixty-six distinct varieties of semiosis, many of which generate emotions or reactions rather than thoughts. Only twenty-one classes of signs yield interpretants that carry truth values or purport to be truth-preserving; the sign actions associated with these signs constitute the sphere of intellectual semiosis. The remaining forty-five non-intellectual sign classes drive perception and dominate the often unconscious mental operations that support and enrich day-to-day life. But this is also the realm of semiosis where memes flourish, where emoji function, and where propaganda first strikes a chord. This is the semiotic sphere where communal feeling can be engendered, but it is also the sphere of mob psychology. We are in troubled times during which signs are being used strategically to create dissension and social unrest and to generate disrespect for the very institutions that maintain the intelligence and practices that are fundamental for the survival of our way of life. It is time for semioticians to join forces against the weaponization of signs and I believe an investigation of the more primitive non-intellectual sign classes that Peirce identified will help lay the groundwork for the coming battle.
Peirce on Practical Reasoning
Authors: Houser Nathan ,   Semiotic Society of America
Published: August 2020

It is generally agreed that what distinguishes practical reasoning from more thoughtful reasoning is that practical reasoning properly results in action rather than in conceptual conclusions. There is much disagreement, however, about how appropriate actions follow from practical reasoning and it is commonly supposed that the connection between reasoning and action can neither be truly inferential nor strictly causal. Peirce appears to challenge this common assumption. Although he would agree that conscious and deliberate argumentation results in conceptual conclusions (mental states) rather than directly in practical action, his extended semiotic account of mental activity allows for unconscious (instinctive or habitual) cognitive processing which, though inferential, genuinely concludes in action rather than in conceptual states (logical interpretants). Peirce acknowledges that for practical reasoning to properly conclude in action it is necessary for final (semiotic) causation to operate in conjunction with efficient causation, although how this can be explained remains problematic. Still, his account is rich and promising and has much to contribute to contemporary research on practical reasoning.
Parenting styles and child’s well-being: The mediating role of the perceived parental stress
Authors: Delvecchio Elisa , Germani Alessandro , Raspa Veronica , Lis Adriana , Mazzeschi Claudia
Published: August 2020

In the last decades, consensus from laymen, scholars, and policy-makers has emphasized the role of child-parent relationships to promote child’s development and positive well-being. Parenting style was claimed as one of the crucial factors for the child’s positive adjustment. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles and child’s difficulties. The mediational role of parent’s perception of a difficult child on the above mentioned relation was taken into account. The study was carried out on a sample of 459 couples including mothers (n = 459) and fathers (n = 459) of children aged 2 to 10 years old who filled in the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire short version, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Parenting Stress Index-short form. Main findings indicated that authoritative style was associated with less child’s maladjustment, while the authoritarian one showed the opposite association. These relationships were partially mediated by the perception of a difficult child, which partially explained the link between parenting style and child’s problems. Above and beyond the role of parent’s perception as a difficult child, parenting styles had an important effect on child’s difficulties. Future studies should replicate these results with other samples, use the spouse version of the parenting styles, control the effect of socio-economic status and other variables related to family functioning, as well as to consider the child’s perception regarding parents’ parenting style.
Comparing theoretical models for the understanding of health-risk behaviour: Towards an integrative model of adolescent alcohol consumption
Authors: Caputo Andrea
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present manuscript is to test and compare the theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and prototype-willingness model (PWM) in predicting risky alcohol consumption among adolescents and to build an integrative model to get a more comprehensive understanding of such risky behaviour. A total sample of 518 adolescents (55% females; 13-19 aged) recruited from Italian schools (7th to 12th grade) participated in a cross-sectional research study and completed an online questionnaire. Risky alcohol use assessed through the AUDIT-C was the dependent variable; whereas, variables from the TRA, TPB, and PWM (i.e. attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, intention, prototype favourability and similarity, and willingness to alcohol use) were used as predictors. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings show that the integrative model had greater explanatory power and provided a better fit to the data, compared to the TRA, TPB, and PWM, indicating attitudes and subjective norms as the best predictors. In conclusion, perceived social approval from significant others and the volitional component have a central role in understanding adolescents’ alcohol consumption.
The theory of planned behavior: Selected recent advances and applications
Authors: Bosnjak Michael , Ajzen Icek , Schmidt Peter
Published: August 2020

This editorial gives a brief introduction to the articles included in the thematic section of Europe's Journal of Psychology, which is devoted to selected recent advances and applications of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The five contributions address two thematic streams: (1) adjustments and extensions of the original theory and (2) applications of the TPB in public health and the political sciences.
Biomass, abundances, and abundance and geographical range size relationship of birds along a rainforest elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Sam Katerina , Koane Bonny
Published: August 2020

The usually positive inter-specific relationship between geographical range size and the abundance of local bird populations comes with exceptions. On continents, the majority of these exceptions have been described from tropical montane areas in Africa, where geographically-restricted bird species are unusually abundant. We asked how the local abundances of passerine and non-passerine bird species along an elevational gradient on Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea relate to their geographical range size. We collected data on bird assemblages at eight elevations (200–3,700 m, at 500 m elevational increments). We used a standardized point-counts at 16 points at each elevational study site. We partitioned the birds into feeding guilds, and we obtained data on geographical range sizes from the Bird-Life International data zone. We observed a positive relationship between abundance and geographical range size in the lowlands. This trend changed to a negative one towards higher elevations. The total abundances of the assemblage showed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradient, with passerine birds, namely passerine insectivores, driving the observed pattern. In contrast to abundances, the mean biomass of the bird assemblages decreased with increasing elevation. Our results show that montane bird species maintain dense populations which compensate for the decreased available area near the top of the mountain.
Antibacterial Activity of Mouthwash Incorporated with Silica Nanoparticles against S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis: An in-vitro Study
Authors: Barma Manali Deb , Kannan Srisakthi Dorai , Indiran Meignana Arumugham , Rajeshkumar S. , Kumar R. Pradeep
Published: August 2020

Silica based nanoparticles are used in various fields of medical sciences to diagnose, control disease, for genetic disorders, owing to their size, surface area, biocompatibility and low toxicity. In dentistry, silica nanoparticles have been used as dental filler, teeth whitening agent but limited evidence is there regarding antimicrobial activity against oral pathogens. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the anti-bacterial activity of mouthwash incorporated with silica nanoparticles against oral pathogens. Tetraethoxysilane, ammonium hydroxide, absolute ethanol were used and centrifuged to obtain the silica nanoparticle pellet. XRD analysis was done to confirm the characterization of the thus obtained silica nanoparticle. The mouthwash was prepared with the synthesized silica nanoparticle as the main constituent. Agar well diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus and E. faecalis. The XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of the synthesized silica nanoparticles. The zone of inhibition was found to increase as the concentrations increased mainly for S. aureus and E. faecalis. The synthesized nanoparticles incorporated mouthwash showed good potential as antimicrobial agents against strains of gram positive bacteria. Further animal studies/in vivo research should be conducted to validate the above findings.
Analgesic Efficacy of Corticosteroids Used as Intracanal Solutions to Control Inter Appointment Pain during Root Canal Treatment – A Systematic Review
Authors: Pai Sneha , Nivedhitha M. S.
Published: August 2020

Patients often associate endodontic treatment with pain. Inter appointment pain is common during endodontic treatment and is due to acute inflammation of the apical periodontal ligament space. Till date, several agents have been employed to manage inter appointment pain by administering them through different routes. All the agents for pain control were administered orally in the past. In order to bypass the unwanted side effects and achieve immediate and effective pain control, local administration was followed by intracanal administration. This systematic review analyzes the effect of intracanal delivery of various steroid solutions and their effectiveness in pain management. A search was performed in electronic database (i.e. Pubmed Central, Google and Hand Search) till August 2019.All in vivo studies that used intracanal corticosteroids for controlling inter appointment pain during endodontic treatment were selected.The outcome measure was to evaluate the reduction of pain in the inter appointment period after intracanal drug delivery. Since all the studies included for this review showed high risk of bias, no conclusion could be drawn on intracanal use of corticosteroid solutions for analgesia. Further studies have to be conducted with a proper design, standardization of the drug and appropriate statistical analysis to obtain accurate results.
Knowledge and Awareness about Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques in Periodontics among Dental Students
Authors: Cibikkarthik T. , Rajasekar Arvina
Published: August 2020

Minimally invasive surgical techniques (MIST) are performed using magnification from surgical microscopes, surgical telescopes or endoscopic visualization. The exclusive property of MIST is that it reduces the chair time required to perform the procedure and results in limited morbidity to the patient during the surgical procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about minimally invasive surgical techniques in Periodontics among dental students. A 6-item questionnaire was prepared and circulated through an online portal among dental students. The results obtained from the survey were tabulated, analysed and represented graphically using SPSS software (Version 23). Frequency distribution and percentage were calculated. In the present study, 56% of them were aware about the implications of MIST in Periodontics, 73% of them knew the advantages of MIST and 53% of them were aware that MIST reduces healing period of the periodontal wounds. However, only 10% of them have performed MIST in periodontal procedures. The present study suggested that even though majority of the undergraduate dental students had adequate knowledge and awareness about MIST and its advantages; only very few had incorporated the technique in their practice. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for more clinical training programs.