bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The TACS Model: Understanding Primary School Teachers’ Adoption of Computer Science Pedagogical Content
Authors: El-Hamamsy Laila , Bruno Barbara , Avry Sunny , Chessel-Lazzarotto Frédérique , Zufferey Jessica Dehler , Mondada Francesco
Published: October 2022

Context.
With the introduction of Computer Science (CS) into curricula worldwide, teachers’ adoption of CS pedagogical content is essential to ensure the long-term success of reform initiatives. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programs play a key role in this process. Unfortunately, adoption is seldom evaluated in CS-CPDs or CPDs in general. The result is a dearth of studies (i) modelling teachers’ adoption of CS pedagogical content or (ii) investigating factors influencing the uptake of this new discipline. Both aspects are crucial to design and characterize successful CPD programs.

Objectives
. We thus propose the Teachers’ Adoption of CS (TACS) model to investigate factors influencing the adoption of CS pedagogical content by teachers who are following a mandatory CS-CPD program. More specifically, the model proposes that contextual factors (e.g., age, gender, and general teaching experience), prior factors (e.g., experience, and CS perception), and acceptance factors (e.g., interest, and self-efficacy) may impact teachers’ adoption of CS pedagogical content.

Methods.
The study included 180 grades 5 and 6 teachers (students aged 9–11) that were following a mandatory CS-CPD program. The CS-CPD program involved participation in three-day-long sessions distributed over the 2019–2020 academic year. In between sessions, with the support of instructional coaches in the schools, teachers were encouraged, but not required, to adopt the CS pedagogical content. Therefore, during the CPD, and employing surveys based on the TACS model, we evaluated teachers’ adoption of the proposed content and investigated how the different factors influenced it.

Results.
At the PD-level, the results indicate that self-efficacy and interest queried during the CS-CPD are indicative of CS pedagogical content adoption. To shed more light on the relationship between these metrics, a more in-depth analysis was conducted with
n
= 92 teachers whose responses could be matched between sessions. While interest relates to how teachers adopt CS pedagogical content overall, both interest and self-efficacy are necessary to ensure the likelihood of a specific activity being adopted. Finally, individual teacher characteristics appear to impact adoption, with teachers with low experience with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) requiring onboarding, while middle-aged teachers require convincing to adopt CS pedagogical content.

Conclusion.
Three takeaways emerge from the study. First, the analyses confirm the foundation of the TACS model. Second, the findings establish the key role that interest plays in said model. Finally, the results support the relationship between the contextual, prior and acceptance factors on the adoption of primary school CS pedagogical content.
Long-term changes in the diurnal temporal regulation and set points of metabolic parameters associated with chronic maternal overnutrition in rabbits
Authors: Navarrete Erika , Díaz Georgina , Salazar Ana María , Montúfar-Chaveznava Rodrigo , Caldelas Ivette
Published: October 2022

Maternal overnutrition previous and during pregnancy leads to long-term changes in the 24-h regulation and setpoint of metabolic profiles of the offspring.
Noncanonical JAK1/STAT3 interactions with TGF-β modulate myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis
Authors: Wang Faping , Wang Shaohua , Zhang Chujie , Tian Xue , Zhou Yongfang , Xuan Weixia , Matteson Eric L. , Luo Fengming , Tschumperlin Daniel , Vassallo Robert
Published: October 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with limited survival. Janus kinases (JAKs), tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals, are known to be involved, but their specific roles in lung fibrosis are not well defined. In this study, the interactions between JAK1/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 signaling and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-induced fibroblast responses were investigated using both pharmacological and siRNA approaches in human normal and IPF-derived lung fibroblasts. We found that JAK1 directly interacts with the TGF-β receptor I subunit (TβRI), and silencing JAK1 promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation. However, the suppression of JAK1 signaling in vitro and in vivo using an inhibitor (upadacitinib) did not alter lung fibroblast activation or fibrosis development. STAT3 was constitutively active in cultured primary lung fibroblasts; this STAT3 activation required JAK1 and repressed myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Loss of phosphorylated STAT3 following transcriptional JAK1 silencing promoted myofibroblast transdifferentiation. In contrast, transcriptional silencing of unphosphorylated STAT3 suppressed TGF-β signaling, decreased SMAD3 activation, and reduced myofibroblast transdifferentiation and ECM production. Taken together, these observations support a role for JAK1/STAT3 as a direct regulator of TGF-β signaling in lung fibroblasts. Modulation of JAK1/STAT3 signaling in lung fibroblasts represents a noncanonical approach to regulating TGF-β-induced fibrosis and suggests the potential for a novel approach to treat pulmonary fibrosis.
Reproductive state modulates utricular auditory sensitivity in a vocal fish
Authors: Rogers Loranzie S. , Coffin Allison B. , Sisneros Joseph A.
Published: October 2022

In many animals, vocal-acoustic communication is fundamental for facilitating social behaviors. For the vocal plainfin midshipman fish, the detection and localization of social acoustic signals are critical to the species’ reproductive success. Here, we show that the utricle, an inner ear end organ often thought to primarily serve a vestibular function, serves an auditory function that is seasonally plastic and modulated by the animal’s reproductive state effectively enhancing auditory sensitivity to courting male advertisement calls.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for a Third‐Order Three‐Point Boundary Value Problem via Measure of Noncompactness
Authors: Yang Chen
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider a nonlinear third‐order three‐point boundary value problem and give the existence and uniqueness of solutions by constructing Green’s function and using its properties. The methods used here are based on Darbo’s fixed point theorem combined with the technique of measure of noncompactness. Finally, as applications, two examples are given to illustrate our main results.
Detection and Analysis of Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Bacteria Isolated from Children in Baghdad
Authors: Zeadan Ayat Majeed , Saleem Ali Jaafer , Abbas Sura Mouaid
Published: October 2022

Urinary tract infections are common diseases and Escherichia coli is the most common cause of this disease, especially in infants and children. The 200 samples were collected for the period from July to December 2020 from the Central Children’s Hospital in Baghdad from infants and children and cultured on MacConkey and blood agar for primary isolation of E. coli bacteria. The VITEK 2 system was used for biochemical tests and final identification. Antibiotic susceptibility for 16 antibiotics was determined using the VITEK 2 system, as well as the ability for biofilm formation using the tissue culture plate method, while DNA was isolated for molecular antibiotic resistance genes tetA, tetB, CITM, sul1, sul2, and sul3 using the standard polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that 40/62 isolates (64%) belonged to E. coli bacteria (32 females and 8 males), and isolates were of varying resistance to antibiotics, with the highest resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole and the lowest resistance to tigecycline and most MDR. The percentage of biofilm formation ability was 62.5%. The ratio of resistance genes CITM, tetA, tetB, sul1, and sul2 for E. coli bacteria was 5%, 45%, 12.5%, 35%, and 40%, respectively, while the sul3 gene did not appear in isolation from any clinical local isolation. So, E. coli isolates isolated from children showed a high extent of antibiotic resistance as the genetic sequencing of resistance genes showed that there were many mutations with a type of transmission or silence or transition. In conclusion, E. coli isolated from children was highly resistant to antibiotics and had the ability to form biofilms as well as the presence of a resistance gene that could be transmitted among bacteria and spread antibiotic resistance.
Influence Factors of Inherent Characteristics of F5 Cold-Rolling Mill’s Main Drive System
Authors: Jia Xingdou , Yan Xiaoqiang , Wang Lidong
Published: October 2022

This paper is focused on the inherent characteristics of the main drive system of the F5 cold-rolling mill in a steel plant. First, the main transmission mechanical structure was simplified to a five-inertia torsional vibration model. Secondly, the coupled torsional vibration model of strip and roll was established. The electromechanical coupling model of the motor control system and the motor rotor was established again. Finally, the AMESim software was used to calculate the natural frequency of the main drive system under various coupling conditions, and the influence mechanism of rolling parameters and motor control system parameters on the natural frequency of the main drive system was obtained, and an example of torsional vibration suppression is given by adjusting the control parameters. This study provides a profound theoretical basis for the on-site adjustment of process parameters and electrical control parameters to suppress torsional vibration.
Enhanced Isolation of Streptomyces from Different Soil Habitats in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines using a Modified Integrated Approach
Authors: Antido Jhon Wilson A. , Climacosa Fresthel Monica M.
Published: October 2022

Streptomyces species are considered to be the most prolific sources of various bioactive secondary metabolites that are important for antibiotic production. Here, we describe a modified integrated approach to isolate Streptomyces species from diverse soil habitats, such as dumpsite, garden, forest, grassland, and riverside in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines. A total of 25 soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–20 cm using systematic random soil sampling. All soil samples were air-dried, crushed, pretreated with calcium carbonate, and incubated on a rotary shaker. Isolation of Streptomyces in soil samples was then performed using the standard serial dilution plate technique on starch casein agar supplemented with nystatin (50 μg/ml) and ampicillin (5 μg/ml). Identification of the Streptomyces isolates was done using a polyphasic method that includes morphological and biochemical characterization. A total of 103 morphologically and biochemically distinct Streptomyces were isolated from diverse soil habitats. The number of Streptomyces isolates varied in each collection site, with the highest number collected from dumpsite soil and the least from forest soil. Most of the hydrogen sulfide producers were noted to be isolated from dumpsite samples. Moreover, more Streptomyces were isolated in soil habitats at higher altitudes with a slightly acidic to alkaline pH and a temperature ranging from 29 to 33°C. Employing the modified integrated approach, we have isolated up to 10 times more Streptomyces compared to early studies. These Streptomyces isolates can be valuable for future drug discovery and development research.
A Novel Interrupted-Sampling Repeater Jamming Suppression Method Based on Time-Frequency Analysis and Target Sparse Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Zijian , Li Jiamu , Yu Wenbo , Luo Yunhua , Yu Zhongjun
Published: October 2022

Interrupted-sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ) is a new kind of coherent jamming for linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals. Based on digital radio frequency memory (DRFM), ISRJ can generate multiple false target groups by intercepting, storing, and retransmitting radar signal fragments, which significantly affects the postprocessing results of radar systems. Furthermore, due to the fragment interception of ISRJ, ISRJ false targets present a regular and discontinuous time-frequency (TF) distribution in contrast with real targets. Considering this intrinsic property and the coherent nature of ISRJ, this study proposes a new method based on TF analysis and target sparse reconstruction to address the ISRJ suppression issue. In this method, the echo signal is first sparsely represented to obtain both the real and false target positions. Then, according to the acquired target positions, information entropy features of targets are extracted in TF data for subsequent target identification. Finally, guided by the identification result, the real targets can be retained and reconstructed by adaptive filtering in the sparse domain to realize ISRJ suppression. Simulations have validated the effectiveness of the proposed method under various situations.
Trajectory Tracking of Swing-Arm Type Omnidirectional Mobile Robot
Authors: Ran Qifan , Yao Shengzhuo , Chen Xinbo , Bi Guijun
Published: October 2022

In order to enhance the omnidirectional maneuverability of outdoor wheeled mobile robots, a mobile robot driven by a common wheel is proposed, which realizes four-wheel steering (4WS), oblique motion mode, and spot turn modes according to different power distribution and angle of leg rotation. A dual-mode hybrid controller is designed based on the oblique and 4WS modes, in which multipoint prescanning trajectory tracking control is used for the oblique mode, and incremental linear time-varying model predictive control (ILTV-MPC) is used for the 4WS mode. The constraints required for the dual-mode controller are obtained by experimenting with the test prototype’s transverse and longitudinal tracking performance. A joint MATLAB/CARSIM simulation platform is used to compare and verify the performance of each mode controller under two operating conditions. In the first condition, the tracking accuracy of the 4WS mode can be achieved by using the oblique motion mode, and the transverse sway angle variation is significantly reduced. In the second working condition, the oblique motion mode is better than the tracking effect of the 4WS mode overall. The results show that the oblique motion mode can be used instead of the 4WS mode for trajectory tracking under a small-curvature reference trajectory.
Inhibition of KCTD10 Affects Diabetic Retinopathy Progression by Reducing VEGF and Affecting Angiogenesis
Authors: Feng Yun , Wang Cong , Wang Guangwei
Published: October 2022

Aim. We purposed to evaluate the KCTD10 effects of angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods. We induced a DR cell model using high glucose (HG) treatment of HRECs and ARPE-19 cells. A DR rat was established by injecting streptozotocin. Small interference RNA targeted KCTD10 (si-KCTD10) was used to mediate KCTD10 inhibition in cell and animal models. The roles of KCTD10 on cell viability, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and related proteins (VEGF and HIF-1α) were observed by RT-qPCR, Western blot, CCK-8 assay, TUNEL staining, tube formation assay, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry assay. Results. KCTD10 expression was upregulated in DR cells and retinal tissue of DR rats. Treatment of the cells with si-KCTD10 increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis and angiogenesis in DR cells. Inhibition of KCTD10 could reduce the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in DR cells. Furthermore, KCTD10 inhibition reduced VEGF levels in the retinal tissue of DR rats. Conclusion. This work showed that inhibition of KCTD10 relieved angiogenesis in DR.
Optimizing the Extraction of Keratin from Cattle Hoof Using Central Composite Design
Authors: Yilma Kelem Tiessasie , Tesfaye Tamrat , Enawgaw Haymanot , Ayele Million , Limeneh Derseh Yilie , Gibril Magdi , Kong Fangong
Published: October 2022

Cattle hoofs are abundantly available by-product sources of organic material from the slaughterhouse. It can be successfully converted into keratin protein. Keratin extracted using alkali hydrolysis has a better conservancy of keratin structure. The purpose of this study is optimizing the extraction of keratin from cuttle hoof. Designing of the experiment, analysis of the results, and optimization of the process parameters have been conducted by central composite design (CCD). Three factors (temperature (A), time (B), and concentration of NaOH (C)) each at five levels have been used to extract the keratin protein from cattle hoof and two response variables (dissolution % and purity %) have been considered in the study. The results obtained demonstrate that extraction temperature, alkali concentration, and time showed a significant effect on the purity and dissolution of keratin. The regression model shows that all factors have positive and significant relation with dissolution percentage whereas only temperature and concentration of NaOH have significant and negative relation with purity percentage. It is observed that the Biuret and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests showed better preservation of protein structure in extractive keratin. The FTIR spectra, indicates that amide I and amide II occur at a wave length of 1633 and 1542 cm−1 for raw cattle hoof and at wave length of 1650 and 1542 cm−1 for keratin protein, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the cattle hoof by-product could offer an alternative keratin source. Finally, the extraction process had an optimum value of 0.5 M NaOH, 60 minutes reaction time, and 55°C temperature with 85% dissolution and 89.6% purity.
Multi-State Reliability Analysis Based on General Wiener Degradation Process and Random Shock
Authors: Hao Huibing , Li Chunping
Published: October 2022

A multi-state reliability analysis model suffering from a dependent competing failure process is developed in this study, where the soft failure is described by general nonlinearity random effect. Wiener degradation process with measurement error and the hard failure is caused by random shock. Considering that the shock process not only may cause abrupt damage but also can accelerate degradation, there are some correlations between soft failure and hard failure. Based on the proposed new model, the multi-state functions are obtained under the cumulative shock model and the extreme shock model, and the system state probabilities are given under the different degradation state points. The fatigue cracks growth data example and MEMS oscillator example are given to demonstrate the proposed new model. At last, some sensitivity analyses are given to illustrate the influence of parameters on the state probability and the system reliability.
Moisture Sorption Isotherms of Sweet Cherry (Prunus Avium L.): Comparative Study of Kinetics and Thermodynamic Modeling of Five Varieties
Authors: Ouaabou Rachida , Ennahli Said , Hssaini Lahcen , Nabil Bouchra , Idlimam Ali , Lamharrar Abdelkader , Mahrouz Mostafa , Hanine Hafida
Published: October 2022

Moisture sorption isotherms of five sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) at three temperatures of 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C, and water activity range of 0.057–0.898 were determined using the static gravimetric method. The sorption isotherms of all cultivars decreased with increasing temperature, and they all exhibited type II behavior according to the classification of IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). The isosteric heat of sorption, differential entropy, spreading pressure, and water surface area were determined, and the energy associated with the sorption processes was defined. The curves were fitted to GAB, PELEG, and ENDERBY models, and the GAB model gave the best fit for the whole set of data. The enthalpy–entropy compensation proved that the process occurs spontaneously and is fully controlled the enthalpy. The spreading pressure value varied with temperature in all sweet cherry cultivars in both the desorption and adsorption processes. The average surface area varied from 78.05 to 214.02 m2/g for desorption and from 49.0 to 204.4 m2/g for adsorption from 30 to 50°C.
Association of Adult Height with Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Fahim Obaidullah , Naghshi Sina , Khademi Zainab , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Background. Epidemiological studies on the association between adult height and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have provided conflicting findings. We examined the association between adult height and the risk of CVD mortality. Methods. We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published up to September 2021. Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke were included. The random-effects model was used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest vs. lowest categories of adult height. Results. In total, 20 prospective cohort publications were included in this systematic review and 17 in the meta-analysis. During 5 to 41 years of follow-up, the total number of deaths from CVD was 95,197 (51,608 from CHD and 20,319 from a stroke) among 2,676,070 participants. The summary RR comparing the highest and lowest categories of height was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74–0.87, I2 = 59.4%, n = 15 studies) for CVD mortality, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74–0.90, I2 = 70.6%, n = 12) for CHD mortality, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67–0.80, I2 = 0%, n = 10) for stroke mortality, 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.81, I2 = 0%, n = 4) for hemorrhagic stroke mortality, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.72–1.08, I2 = 0%, n = 4) for ischemic stroke mortality. Conclusion. The present comprehensive meta-analysis provides evidence for an inverse association between adult height and the risk of CVD, CHD, and stroke mortality.
Sustainable Urban Regeneration Strategies in Korea’s Abandoned Mine Area Using Industrial Heritage
Authors: Lee Wan-young , Shin Sang-hyun , Jang Seung-hwan
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to establish sustainable urban regeneration strategies for the abandoned mine area by applying the industrial heritage in Taebaek city. To this end, this study first analyzed the urban regeneration strategies for abandoned mine areas in Western societies like the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, the United States, and Spain. In addition, in‐depth interviews were conducted with the concerned parties to analyze the abandoned mine areas in Taebaek city in line with the urban regeneration theoretical framework. The provision of urban regeneration strategies that apply the industrial heritage of the coal‐mining areas involves the categories of urban regeneration like society, economy, environment, history, and cultural frameworks. The final findings deduced measures for two categories including the measures of activating Taebaek city as a cultural and also a leisure and sports city. The urban regeneration strategies to design Taebaek city as a cultural city include an EDM Festival by applying the dismal mood of the coal preparation plant industrial heritage in Taebaek city and Cheoram music and Lightning Road with industrial heritage. The urban regeneration strategies to design a leisure and sports city include a road bicycle racing contest by utilizing the geographical environment in Taebaek city which boasts high altitudes and Color Run. The two strategies of culture and leisure and sports contents deduced in the study can commonly utilize the industrial heritage of Taebaek city. Furthermore, as there is a continual demand for community participation, it is anticipated to apply it as the sustainable urban regeneration strategies of Taebaek city.
Betaine Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Hyperactivation and Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Phenotypic Differentiation, Thereby Attenuating Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behavior
Authors: Zhang Man , Wang Xiao-Long , Shi Hui , Meng Lan-Qing , Quan Hong-Feng , Yan Lin , Yang Hui-Fang , Peng Xiao-Dong
Published: October 2022

Depression is one of the most important mental illnesses and is closely related to inflammation. Betaine is a natural product with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the mechanism by which betaine ameliorates depression-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of betaine on LPS-induced depression-like behavior in mice and its mechanism of action. ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the LPS model group (0.83 mg/kg), the positive drug group (MIDO, 50 mg/kg), and the betaine group (5% and 1% in drinking water). The betaine group was administered for 21 days, and on the 22nd day, except for the blank group, LPS (0.83 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to establish a lipopolysaccharide-induced mice depression-like model. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, the tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were performed to evaluate the effect of betaine on LPS-induced depressive behavior in mice. After the behavioral study, the mouse brain, hippocampus, and serum were taken for detection. The expressions of cytokines and inflammatory mediators were detected by ELISA, HE staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and ASC, the protein expression levels of the microglial polarization markers COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and CD206. The results showed that betaine significantly ameliorated the depression-like behavior in LPS-induced mice, significantly attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increased the release of an anti-inflammatory cytokines. Betaine decreased the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, decreased the expression of M1 polarization markers, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), COX-2, and iNOS and promoted the expression of M2 polarization marker CD206. Our study suggests that betaine may promote the transition of microglia from the M1 to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby attenuating lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behavior.
Rotation Estimation Based on Serial Network and Application in Cave Buddha Statues
Authors: Guo Zixuan , Xie Qing , Liu Song , Xie Xiaoyao
Published: October 2022

Rotation estimation is one of the crucial elements of pose estimation. Accurate pose estimation facilitates the observation of objects in the metaverse and is also the most fundamental part of automated archaeological mapping. Many studies have been conducted on 6D pose estimation, but no systematic study has only been conducted on 3D rotation estimation. We systematically study the rotation estimation problem for 3D point cloud models. Firstly, we discuss the representation of rotation and how it affects the training of the neural network. After that, the dataset is created. A new method of generating labels is also proposed, in which two points are used as labels, with the two points being able to recover the initial orientation. Finally, a new serial network is proposed, which can be used to improve the performance of rotational estimation systems. The research described in this paper has been successfully applied to the restoration of the Huangze Temple Grotto Buddha statue in Guangyuan, Sichuan Province, providing a reliable scheme for solving the rotation estimation problem with faster convergence and higher accuracy.
Adaptive Fuzzy‐Sliding Consensus Control for Euler–Lagrange Systems with Time‐Varying Delays
Authors: Chang Yeong-Hwa , Yang Cheng-Yuan , Lin Hung-Wei
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy sliding‐mode controller for multiple Euler–Lagrange systems communicated with directed topology. Based on the graph theory and Lyapunov–Krasovskii functions, a delay‐dependent sufficient condition for the existence of sliding surfaces is given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The asymptotic stability is analyzed by using the Lyapunov method in the presence of unknown parametric dynamics, actuator faults, and time‐varying delays. The usage of adaptive techniques is to adapt the unknown parameters so that the objective of globally asymptotic stability is achieved. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Global DNA Methylation Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Reveals Extensive Epigenetic Rewiring Linked with RUNX1 Upregulation in Breast Cancer Stroma
Authors: Halperin Coral , Hey Joschka , Weichenhan Dieter , Stein Yaniv , Mayer Shimrit , Lutsik Pavlo , Plass Christoph , Scherz-Shouval Ruth
Published: October 2022

Cancer cells recruit and rewire normal fibroblasts in their microenvironment to become protumorigenic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). These CAFs are genomically stable, yet their transcriptional programs are distinct from those of their normal counterparts. Transcriptional regulation plays a major role in this reprogramming, but the extent to which epigenetic modifications of DNA also contribute to the rewiring of CAF transcription is not clear. Here we address this question by dissecting the epigenetic landscape of breast CAFs. Applying tagmentation-based whole-genome bisulfite sequencing in a mouse model of breast cancer, we found that fibroblasts undergo massive DNA methylation changes as they transition into CAFs. Transcriptional and epigenetic analyses revealed RUNX1 as a potential mediator of this process and identified a RUNX1-dependent stromal gene signature. Coculture and mouse models showed that both RUNX1 and its stromal signature are induced as normal fibroblasts transition into CAFs. In breast cancer patients, RUNX1 was upregulated in CAFs, and expression of the RUNX1 signature was associated with poor disease outcome, highlighting the relevance of these findings to human disease. This work presents a comprehensive genome-wide map of DNA methylation in CAFs and reveals a previously unknown facet of the dynamic plasticity of the stroma.

Significance:

The first genome-wide map of DNA methylation in breast cancer–associated fibroblasts unravels a previously unknown facet of the dynamic plasticity of the stroma, with far-reaching therapeutic implications.
Gut-derived Endotoxin-TLR4 Signaling Drives MYC-Ig Translocation to Promote Lymphoproliferation through c-JUN and STAT3 Activation
Authors: Rokan Ahmed , Hernandez Juan Carlos , Nitiyanandan Rajeshwar , Lin Zi-Ying , Chen Chia-Lin , Machida Tatsuya , Li Meng , Khanuja Jasleen , Chen Mo Li , Tahara Stanley M. , Siddiqi Imran , Machida Keigo
Published: October 2022

Synergism between obesity and virus infection promotes the development of B-cell lymphoma. In this study, we tested whether obesity-associated endotoxin release induced activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). TLR4 activation in turn caused c-JUN–dependent and STAT3-dependent translocations of MYC loci to suppress transactivation of CD95/FAS. We used viral nucleocapside Core transgenic (Tg) mice fed alcohol Western diet to determine whether oncogenesis arising from obesity and chronic virus infection occurred through TLR4-c-JUN-STAT3 pathways. Our results showed B cell–specific, c-Jun and/or Stat3 disruption reduced the incidence of splenomegaly in these mice. AID-dependent t(8;14) translocation was observed between the Ig promoter and MYC loci. Comparison with human B cells showed MYC-immunoglobulin (Ig) translocations after virus infection with lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Accordingly, human patients with lymphoma with virus infections and obesity showed a 40% incidence of MYC-Ig translocations. Thus, obesity and virus infection promote AID-mediated translocation between the Ig promoter and MYC through the TLR4-c-JUN axis, resulting in lymphoproliferation. Taken together, preventative treatment targeting either c-JUN and/or STAT3 may be effective strategies to prevent tumor development.

Implications:

Obesity increases gut-derived endotoxin which induces Toll-like receptor–mediated MYC-Ig translocation via c-JUN-STAT3, leading to lymphoproliferation.
Burden of Parkinson Disease in China, 1990–2019: Findings from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Zheng Zhilin , Zhu Zeyu , Zhou Chen , Cao Lanxiao , Zhao Guohua
Published: October 2022

Introduction: China has the most people with Parkinson disease (PD) in the world and is estimated to have over half of the worldwide PD population. The objective of this study was to analyze the corresponding burden of PD in China for the past decades. Method: Data on disease burden related to PD in China were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess temporal trends, and the ratio of years lived with disability (YLDs) to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) was used as an index to evaluate the healthcare system. Result: Nationally, the burden of PD increased from 1990 to 2019. Although the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate both decreased. Age-standardized rates of PD in males remained higher than those in females, but trends in ASDR and the age-standardized DALY rate for females showed a pronounced decrease. The most remarkable increase in the ASIR was in individuals aged 45–49 years, with an EAPC of 1.74 (95% confidence interval, 1.26–2.21). The YLDs:DALYs ratio continuously increased compared with global figures and even with countries with high sociodemographic index (SDI). Conclusion: Although ASDR and age-standardized DALY rates for PD have been declining, the burden of PD still needs attention as the total numbers have increased over the period. Generally, the greater burden of PD was in males. A sound health system with services tailored to PD continues to be required in the future.
4-Phthalimidobenzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors: DFTs, 3D-QSAR, ADMET, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Ejaz Syeda Abida , Fayyaz Ammara , Mahmood Hafiz Mohammad Kashif , Aziz Mubashir , Ejaz Syeda Rabia , Alkhuriji Afrah Fahad , Al-Megrin Wafa Abdullah I. , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia which affects majority of the people. It is characterized by memory loss and other cognitive function disabilities and is one of the most challenging neurodegenerative disorders to treat because of its progressive nature. The disease affects millions of people all around the world, and the number of those affected is expanding every day. In the previous study, the 4-phthalimidobenzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized as AChE and BChE inhibitors, and here, we were aiming to further reporting in silico studies of these compounds for efficient drug discovery process and to find out the potential lead compounds. Methods: In silico characterization included density functional theory (DFT) studies, 3D-QSAR, ADMET properties, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations. The geometries of all derivatives were optimized using B3LYP method and 6-311G basis set. Results: The findings of the current study revealed that 4-phthalimidobenzenesulfonamide derivatives exhibited a reactive electronic property which is essential for anticholinesterase activity. Moreover, optimized structures were subjected to molecular docking studies with targeted protein. The compounds 2c and 2g showed excellent binding score of −37.44 and −33.67 kJ/mol with BChE and AChE, respectively, and exhibited strong binding affinity. The potent derivatives produced stable complex with amino acid residues of active pocket of both BChE and AChE. The stability of protein-ligand complexes was determined by molecular dynamic simulation studies, and results were found in correlation with molecular docking findings. Conclusion: Findings of the current study suggested that these derivatives are potent inhibitors of cholinesterase enzyme.
Kleptoparasitic interaction between Snow Leopard Panthera uncia and Red Fox Vulpes vulpes suggested by circumstantial evidence in Pin Valley National Park, India
Authors: Vipin  , Golla Tirupathi Rao , Sharma Vinita , Bheemavarapu Kesav Kumar  , Gaur Ajay
Published: October 2022

In the present study, we describe an interspecific kleptoparasitic interaction between two sympatric mammalian carnivores in the high altitudinal Trans-Himalaya region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study was based on the inferences drawn from the circumstantial evidence (direct and indirect) noticed in the study area in Pin Valley National Park. The inferences from the analysis of the evidence suggested the interaction between a Snow Leopard Panthera uncia, a Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, and a donkey. The arrangement of evidence in a sequential manner suggested that a donkey was killed by a Snow Leopard and a Red Fox stole the food from the carrion of the Snow Leopard’s prey. The Red Fox was killed by the Snow Leopard, which was caught while stealing. The present study represents an example of kleptoparasitic interaction between the Snow Leopard and the Red Fox. This study also proves that such interactions may cost the life of a kleptoparasite and supports the retaliation behaviour of Snow Leopards.
First report of Gymnopilus ochraceus Høil. 1998 (Agaricomycetes: Agaricales: Hymenogastraceae) from India and determination of bioactive components
Authors: Anjali Rajendra Patil  , Sushant Ishwar Bornak
Published: October 2022

A rare Gymnopilus species G. ochraceus Høil. collected from live Ficus platyphylla Del. tree is described and illustrated for the first time from India. Morphological and microscopic characters with molecular and biochemical analysis has been discussed. To indicate that, 25 species of Gymnopilus have previously been recorded from India and the species Gymnopilus ochraceus is hereby reported for the first time, thus making a total of 26 species from India.
Firefly survey: adopting citizen science approach to record the status of flashing beetles
Authors: Rana Nidhi , Rayal Rajesh , V.P. Uniyal
Published: October 2022

Fireflies are magnificent beetles, under the family Lampyridae (order Coleoptera). They form an exceptional part of a natural landscape. However, natural firefly populations are threatened by several stressors, predominantly driven by anthropogenic development. Evaluation of firefly abundance through counts of their flashes provides an insight into the good health of the ecosystem, which could be easily observed and recorded by citizen scientists. On the occasion of World Firefly Day (3–4 July 2021), a firefly counting survey was conducted to record their occurrence, by engaging people from all over India, using the online platform. A datasheet with appropriate questions was prepared; barcodes and links were generated for the people. Through the survey, we received suitable participation and fitting data from 14 states of India—Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, West Bengal, Assam, and Ladakh. The total number of fireflies that were observed from all these states together was more than 26,000. Through the present study, significant data on fireflies occurrence have been recorded from various parts of the country. In addition to this, we get an understanding of using this citizen science approach on a bigger spectrum for varieties of projects and an effortless system of educating people.
The killing of Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Hakaluki Haor, Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Meherun , Suzuki Ai , Numata Shinya , Abdul Aziz  , Anwar Palash
Published: October 2022

While considerable attention has been paid to the killing of carnivore species which cause significant damage, little attention has been paid to the killings of other carnivores causing less personal and economic damage. We therefore assessed the patterns and motives behind the killing of Fishing Cats Prionailurus viverrinus by local people in northeastern Bangladesh. We conducted interviews with local people and used qualitative content and narrative analyses to clarify the pattern and motives of killing. Most Fishing Cats were killed by gatherings of 10–15 people with any available tools. Dead bodies were not used after killing, suggesting that the intention was only to kill the individuals. The results of the survey indicated that fear was the strongest motive for killing, which differed from the motivation behind the killing of other sympatric carnivores. Therefore, we conclude that the killing of Fishing Cat cannot be prevented only by an economic based solution but, rather a change in attitude towards the species among local communities.
First report of melanism in Indian Flapshell Turtle Lissemys punctata (Bonnaterre, 1789) from a turtle trading market of West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Mahapatra Ardhendu , Patra Anweshan , Ghorai Sudipta Kumar
Published: October 2022

The Indian flapshell turtle Lissemys punctata is a freshwater softshell turtle species distributed throughout Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. Here, we report first observation of melanism in L. punctata among rescued turtles from a turtle trading market. Although L. punctata is under Schedule-I in the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 of India still it sold in open markets in different parts of West Bengal. A systematic market survey and study on community perception are needed to understand the dynamics and factors influencing turtle trading in West Bengal. Enforcement of laws and mass community awareness are suggested to stop illegal turtle trading and consumption.
Temporal Trends in Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Deshotels Matthew R. , Sun Caroline , Nambi Vijay , Virani Salim S. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Yu Bing , Ballantyne Christie M. , Hoogeveen Ron C.
Published: October 2022

Background

Plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) concentrations are primarily determined by genetic factors and are believed to remain stable throughout life. However, data are scarce on longitudinal trends in Lp(a) concentrations over time. Therefore, it is unclear whether measurement of Lp(a) once in a person's life is sufficient for cardiovascular risk assessment in all adults.

Methods and Results

Lp(a) concentrations, specifically apolipoprotein(a) concentrations, were measured at visits 4 and 5, ≈15 years apart, in 4734 adult participants of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study (mean age at visits 4 and 5, 60.7±5.1 and 75.5±5.2 years, respectively). Participants were categorized by baseline (visit 4) Lp(a) concentrations as normal (<30 mg/dL), borderline‐high (30–49 mg/dL), or high (≥50 mg/dL). We compared adults with Lp(a) change ≥20 mg/dL between visits and those with Lp(a) change <20 mg/dL. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify covariates associated with change in Lp(a) over time. At visit 5, 58.1% of participants with borderline‐high Lp(a) concentrations of 30 to 49 mg/dL at visit 4 had high Lp(a) concentrations ≥50 mg/dL. Participants with low Lp(a) (<30 mg/dL) or high Lp(a) (≥50 mg/dL) at visit 4 tended to stay in these respective categories. Black race, female sex, diabetes, hypertension, total cholesterol, and albuminuria were associated with significantly greater probability for Lp(a) change ≥20 mg/dL over time.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that adults with borderline‐high Lp(a) concentrations may be considered for repeat monitoring of Lp(a) over time, particularly if they are Black, women, or have diabetes, hypertension, and/or elevated albuminuria.
Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Lymphedema Via the Induction of Lymphangiogenesis Through a PI3K/Akt‐Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Suzuki Junya , Shimizu Yuuki , Hayashi Takumi , Che Yiyang , Pu Zhongyue , Tsuzuki Kazuhito , Narita Shingo , Shibata Rei , Ishii Isao , Calvert John W. , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: October 2022

Background

Accumulating evidence suggests that hydrogen sulfide ( H
2
S ), an endogenously produced gaseous molecule, plays a critical role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. However, little is known about its role in lymphangiogenesis. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the involvement of H
2
S in lymphatic vessel growth and lymphedema resolution using a murine model and assess the underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results

A murine model of tail lymphedema was created both in wild‐type mice and cystathionine γ‐lyase–knockout mice, to evaluate lymphedema up to 28 days after lymphatic ablation. Cystathionine γ‐lyase–knockout mice had greater tail diameters than wild‐type mice, and this phenomenon was associated with the inhibition of reparative lymphangiogenesis at the site of lymphatic ablation. In contrast, the administration of an H
2
S donor, diallyl trisulfide, ameliorated lymphedema by inducing the formation of a considerable number of lymphatic vessels at the injured sites in the tails. In vitro experiments using human lymphatic endothelial cells revealed that diallyl trisulfide promoted their proliferation and differentiation into tube‐like structures by enhancing Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation in a concentration‐dependent manner. The blockade of Akt activation negated the diallyl trisulfide–induced prolymphangiogenic responses in lymphatic endothelial cells. Furthermore, the effects of diallyl trisulfide treatment on lymphangiogenesis in the tail lymphedema model were also negated by the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3'‐kinase (P13K)/Akt signaling.

Conclusions

H
2
S promotes reparative lymphatic vessel growth and ameliorates secondary lymphedema, at least in part, through the activation of the Akt pathway in lymphatic endothelial cells. As such, H
2
S donors could be used as therapeutics against refractory secondary lymphedema.
Religious Tastes in a Gentrified Neighbourhood
Authors: Clot-Garrell Anna , Albert-Blanco Víctor , Martínez-Cuadros Rosa , Esteso Carolina
Published: October 2022

This article examines how religious diversity is manifested and represented in contexts undergoing intense urban pressures. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in the Raval quarter of Barcelona, we analyse the open-air festivities of religious minorities and the emergence of new neighbourhood associations’ mobilizations. Specifically, we focus on the role of food in these events as a way to explore how diversification and urban transformation interrelate. Whilst food becomes the means through which religious and secular actors interact and articulate forms of place-making, it also becomes a resource to present religion in forms deemed ‘acceptable’ to the general public.
The Wu Region as Locality and as Empire
Authors: Chittick Andrew
Published: October 2022

This essay uses the history of the Wu region in the first millennium ce to explore the relationship between locality and empire. Many major East Asian empires are considered to be “Chinese” and to have essentially similar characteristics which are largely independent of their local base. Recent work on the Jiankang Empire (third to sixth centuries ce, also known as the “southern dynasties”) has shown that it had an imperial culture which was quite different from Central Plains-based empires, and which is in part attributable to the distinctive culture of the local Wu region. The relationship can be further illustrated by linking those developments to evidence from the tenth century, when the Wu region again served as the core of a political regime with imperial pretentions.