bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of secreted protein disulfide isomerases from the tropical co-endemic parasites Schistosoma mansoni and Leishmania major
Authors: Miele Adriana E. , Badaoui Sofiane , Maugliani Lorenzo , Salza Romain , Boumis Giovanna , Chichiarelli Silvia , Duclos Bertrand , Ricard-Blum Sylvie
Published: July 2019

The human parasitesSchistosoma mansoniandLeishmania majorare co-endemic and a major threat to human health. Though displaying different tissue tropisms, they excrete/secrete similar subsets of intracellular proteins that, interacting with the host extracellular matrix (ECM), help the parasites invading the host. We selected one of the most abundant proteins found in the secretomes of both parasites, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and performed a comparative screening with surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), looking for ECM binding partners. Both PDIs bind heparan sulfate; none of them binds collagens; each of them binds further ECM components, possibly linked to the different tropisms. We investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering both PDIs structures and those of a few complexes with host partners, in order to better understand the differences within this conserved family fold. Furthermore, we highlighted a previously undisclosed moonlighting behaviour of both PDIs, namely a concentration-dependent switch of function from thiol-oxidoreductase to holdase. Finally, we have tried to exploit the differences to look for possible compounds able to interfere with the redox activity of both PDI.
A novel group of avian astroviruses from Neotropical passerine birds broaden the diversity and host range of Astroviridae
Authors: Fernández-Correa Izaskun , Truchado Daniel A. , Gomez-Lucia Esperanza , Doménech Ana , Pérez-Tris Javier , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Cadar Daniel , Benítez Laura
Published: July 2019

Metagenomics is helping to expand the known diversity of viruses, especially of those with poorly studied hosts in remote areas. The Neotropical region harbors a considerable diversity of avian species that may play a role as both host and short-distance vectors of unknown viruses. Viral metagenomics of cloacal swabs from 50 Neotropical birds collected in French Guiana revealed the presence of four complete astrovirus genomes. They constitute an early diverging novel monophyletic clade within the Avastrovirus phylogeny, representing a putative new astrovirus species (provisionally designated as Avastrovirus 5) according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) classification criteria. Their genomic organization shares some characteristics with Avastrovirus but also with Mamastrovirus. The pan-astrovirus RT-PCR analysis of the cloacal samples of 406 wild Neotropical birds showed a community-level prevalence of 4.9% (5.1% in passerines, the highest described so far in this order of birds). By screening birds of a remote region, we expanded the known host range of astroviruses to the avian families Cardinalidae, Conopophagidae, Furnariidae, Thamnophilidae, Turdidae and Tyrannidae. Our results provide important first insights into the unexplored viral communities, the ecology, epidemiology and features of host-pathogen interactions that shape the evolution of avastroviruses in a remote Neotropical rainforest.
Characterisation of the Selective Reduced Uteroplacental Perfusion (sRUPP) Model of Preeclampsia
Authors: Morton J. S. , Levasseur J. , Ganguly E. , Quon A. , Kirschenman R. , Dyck J. R. B. , Fraser G. M. , Davidge S. T.
Published: July 2019

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterised by gestational hypertension, proteinuria and/or end organ disease. The reduced uteroplacental perfusion (RUPP) model, via partial occlusion of the lower abdominal aorta, mimics insufficient placental perfusion as a primary causal characteristic of preeclampsia. However, a major limitation of the RUPP model is that perfusion is reduced to the entire hindquarters of the rat resulting in hindlimb ischemia. We hypothesised that clipping the uterine and ovarian arteries in the selective (s)RUPP model would provoke signs of preeclampsia while avoiding systemic ischemia. Sham, RUPP or sRUPP procedures were performed in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats on gestational day (GD)14. On GD21 uterine blood flow was significantly reduced in both the RUPP and sRUPP models while aortic flow was reduced only in RUPP. Both models resulted in increased MAP, increased vascular oxidative stress (superoxide generation), increased pro-inflammatory (RANTES) and reduced pro-angiogenic (endoglin) mediators. Vascular compliance and constriction were unaltered in either RUPP or sRUPP groups. In summary, refinements to the RUPP model simultaneously maintain the characteristic phenotype of preeclampsia and avoid peripheral ischemia; providing a useful tool which may be used to increase our knowledge and bring us closer to a solution for women affected by preeclampsia.
New Ca. Liberibacter psyllaurous haplotype resurrected from a 49-year-old specimen of Solanum umbelliferum: a native host of the psyllid vector
Authors: Mauck Kerry Elizabeth , Sun Penglin , Meduri Venkata RamaSravani , Hansen Allison K.
Published: July 2019

Over the last century, repeated emergence events within the Candidatus Liberibacter taxon have produced pathogens with devastating effects. Presently, our knowledge of Ca. Liberibacter diversity, host associations, and interactions with vectors is limited due to a focus on studying this taxon within crops. But to understand traits associated with pathogen emergence it is essential to study pathogen diversity in wild vegetation as well. Here, we explore historical native host plant associations and diversity of the cosmopolitan species, Ca. L. psyllaurous, also known as Ca. L. solanacearum, which is associated with psyllid yellows disease and zebra chip disease, especially in potato. We screened tissue from herbarium samples of three native solanaceous plants collected near potato-growing regions throughout Southern California over the last century. This screening revealed a new haplotype of Ca. L. psyllaurous (G), which, based on our sampling, has been present in the U.S. since at least 1970. Phylogenetic analysis of this new haplotype suggests that it may be closely related to a newly emerged North American haplotype (F) associated with zebra chip disease in potatoes. Our results demonstrate the value of herbarium sampling for discovering novel Ca. Liberibacter haplotypes not previously associated with disease in crops.
Temporal Stability of the Ruminal Bacterial Communities in Beef Steers
Authors: Clemmons Brooke A. , Martino Cameron , Schneider Liesel G. , Lefler Josh , Embree Mallory M. , Myer Phillip R.
Published: July 2019

Nutritional studies involving ruminants have traditionally relied on relatively short transition or wash-out periods between dietary treatments, typically two to four weeks. However, little is known about adequate adaptation periods required to reach stabilization of the rumen microbiome that could provide more accurate results from nutritional studies in ruminants. This study determined the rumen bacterial communities and rumen environment parameters over ten weeks following transition from a forage-based to concentrate-based diet. Several α-diversity metrics, including observed OTUs and Simpson’s Evenness fluctuated throughout the trial, but were typically either greatest (observed OTUs) or lowest (Simpson’s) at week 5 of the trial contrasted from weeks 1 and 10 (P < 0.05). At week 4, several orders associated with the shift to the final bacterial community composition, including Pasteurellales, Aeromonadales, and Bacteroidales. At week 5, rumen pH was correlated with α-diversity (P = 0.005) and predictive of the rumen microbiome signature at week 10 (R2 = 0.48; P = 0.04). Rumen microbiome stability did not occur until approximately 9 weeks following adaptation to the diet and was associated with changes in specific bacterial populations and rumen environment. The results of this study suggest that adaptation and wash-out periods must be re-evaluated in order to accommodate necessary rumen microbiome acclimation.
Epidemiological, Clinical and Genetic Study of Hypophosphatasia in A Spanish Population: Identification of Two Novel Mutations in The Alpl Gene
Authors: García-Fontana Cristina , Villa-Suárez Juan M. , Andújar-Vera Francisco , González-Salvatierra Sheila , Martínez-Navajas Gonzalo , Real Pedro J. , Gómez Vida José M. , de Haro Tomás , García-Fontana Beatriz , Muñoz-Torres Manuel
Published: July 2019

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a genetic disease caused by one or several mutations in ALPL gene encoding the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase affecting the mineralization process. Due to its low prevalence and lack of recognition, this metabolic disorder is generally confused with other more frequent bone disorders. An assessment of serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels was performed in 78,590 subjects. Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) concentrations were determined and ALPL gene was sequenced in patients potentially affected by HPP. Functional validation of the novel mutations found was performed using a cell-based assay. Our results showed persistently low serum ALP levels in 0.12% of subjects. Among the studied subjects, 40% presented with HPP-related symptoms. Nine of them (~28%) had a history of fractures, 5 (~16%) subjects showed chondrocalcinosis and 4 (~13%) subjects presented with dental abnormalities. Eleven subjects showed increased PLP concentrations. Seven of them showed ALPL gene mutations (2 of the mutations corresponded to novel genetic variants). In summary, we identified two novel ALPL gene mutations associated with adult HPP. Using this protocol, almost half of the studied patients were diagnosed with HPP. Based on these results, the estimated prevalence of mild HPP in Spain could be up to double than previously reported.
Incidence and risk factors for Preeclampsia in a cohort of healthy nulliparous pregnant women: a nested case-control study
Authors: Mayrink Jussara , Souza Renato T. , Feitosa Francisco E. , Rocha Filho Edilberto A. , Leite Débora F. , Vettorazzi Janete , Calderon Iracema M. , Sousa Maria H. , Costa Maria L. , Baker Philip N. , Cecatti Jose G. ,   Preterm SAMBA study group, Parpinelli Mary A. , Fernandes Karayna G. , Guida José P. , Santana Danielly S. , Barbosa Ricardo M. , Galvao Rafael B. F. , Cassettari Bianca F. , Pfitscher Lucia , de Feitosa Daisy Lucena , Ferreira Júnior Elias Melo , Anacleto Danilo , Zotareli Vilma , Silva Marcia Alice
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study is to determine the incidence, socio-demographic and clinical risk factors for preeclampsia and associated maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. This is a nested case-control derived from the multicentre cohort study Preterm SAMBA, in five different centres in Brazil, with nulliparous healthy pregnant women. Clinical data were prospectively collected, and risk factors were assessed comparatively between PE cases and controls using risk ratio (RR) (95% CI) plus multivariate analysis. Complete data were available for 1,165 participants. The incidence of preeclampsia was 7.5%. Body mass index determined at the first medical visit and diastolic blood pressure over 75 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation were independently associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia. Women with preeclampsia sustained a higher incidence of adverse maternal outcomes, including C-section (3.5 fold), preterm birth below 34 weeks of gestation (3.9 fold) and hospital stay longer than 5 days (5.8 fold) than controls. They also had worse perinatal outcomes, including lower birthweight (a mean 379 g lower), small for gestational age babies (RR 2.45 [1.52–3.95]), 5-minute Apgar score less than 7 (RR 2.11 [1.03–4.29]), NICU admission (RR 3.34 [1.61–6.9]) and Neonatal Near Miss (3.65 [1.78–7.49]). Weight gain rate per week, obesity and diastolic blood pressure equal to or higher than 75 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation were shown to be associated with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia also led to a higher number of C-sections and prolonged hospital admission, in addition to worse neonatal outcomes.
Factors Affecting Cell Biomass and Flavonoid Production of Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri in Cell Suspension Culture System
Authors: Haida Zainol , Syahida Ahmad , Ariff Syed Mohd , Maziah Mahmood , Hakiman Mansor
Published: July 2019

A study was conducted to establish in vitro culture conditions for maximum production of biomass and flavonoid content for Ficus deltoidea var. kunstleri, locally named as Mas Cotek, known to have a wide variety of potential beneficial attributes for human health. Size of initial inoculum, cell aggregate and initial pH value have been suggested to influent content of biomass and flavonoid for cell suspension culture in several plant species. In the present study, leaf explants were cultured by cell suspension culture procedures in MSB5 basal medium supplemented with predetermined supplements of 30 g/L sucrose, 2.75 g/L gelrite, 2 mg/L picloram and 1 mg/L kinetin with continuous agitation of 120 rpm in a standard laboratory environment. Establishment of cell suspension culture was accomplished by culturing resulting callus in different initial fresh weight of cells (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, and 2.0 g/25 mL of media) using similar basal medium. The results showed that the highest production of biomass (0.65 g/25 mL of media) was recorded from an initial inoculum size of 2.0 g/25 mL media, whereas the highest flavonoid (3.3 mg RE/g DW) was found in 0.5 g/25 mL of media. Cell suspension fractions classified according to their sizes (500–750 µm, 250–500 µm, and <250 µm). Large cell aggregate size (500–750 µm) cultured at pH 5.75 produced the highest cell biomass (0.28 g/25 mL media) and flavonoid content (3.3 mg RE/g DW). The study had established the optimum conditions for the production of total antioxidant and flavonoid content using DPPH and FRAP assays in cell suspension culture of F. deltoidea var. kunstleri.
Supercritical fluid chromatography–a technical overview and its applications in medicinal plant analysis: an update covering 2012–2018
Authors: He Pei-xia , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Yu , Li Guo-hui , Zhang Jian-wei , Feng Xue-song
Published: July 2019

A comprehensive elucidation of SFC in the aspects of fundamentals, instrumentation, investigating factors, and its latest applications in medicinal plant analysis.
Ultrasensitive fluorometric determination of iron(iii) and inositol hexaphosphate in cancerous and bacterial cells by using carbon dots with bright yellow fluorescence
Authors: Cui Fangchao , Sun Jiadi , Yang Xingxing , Ji Jian , Pi Fuwei , Zhang Yinzhi , Lei Hongtao , Sun Xiulan
Published: July 2019

An ON–OFF–ON dual-function fluorescent nanoprobe is described for the trace detection of ferric ions and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) in living cells.
Cobalt iron phosphide nanoparticles embedded within a carbon matrix as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Han Jiang , Chen Gen , Liu Xiaohe , Zhang Ning , Liang Shuquan , Ma Renzhi , Qiu Guanzhou
Published: July 2019

Co3FePx/C nanocomposites were derived from one-step phosphorization of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS2) intercalated Co3Fe layered double hydroxides (Co3Fe LDHs).
Which future for stereogenic phosphorus? Lessons from P* pincer complexes of iron(ii)
Authors: Huber Raffael , Passera Alessandro , Mezzetti Antonio
Published: July 2019

Locking the chelate conformation and supplying steric bulk for enantiodiscrimination: a tough task for stereogenic phosphorus in multidentate ligands.
A preceramic polymer derived nanoporous carbon hybrid for supercapacitors
Authors: Swain Ipsita P. , Pati Soobhankar , Behera Shantanu K.
Published: July 2019

A novel two step synthesis from a preceramic polymer afforded a nanoporous carbon hybrid with specific surface area of 1798 m2g−1, porosity in the range of 1–4 nm, and excellent capacitive properties including specific capacitance of 333 F g−1.
The solid phase thermal decomposition and nanocrystal effect of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) via ReaxFF large-scale molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zheng Ke , Wen Yushi , Huang Bing , Wang Jun , Chen Jin , Xie Gongnan , Lv Guoqing , Liu Jian , Qiao Zhiqiang , Yang Guangcheng
Published: July 2019

The solid phase thermal decomposition and nanocrystal effect are extremely important to understand the ignition, combustion, reaction growth and buildup to detonation under shock wave action.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in multifunctional nanofibers designed via block copolymer self-assembly
Authors: Singh Sajan , Singh Ajeet , Mittal Mona , Srivastava Rajiv , Sapra Sameer , Nandan Bhanu
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate the fabrication of multifunctional nanofibers via cooperative self-assembly of block copolymers mixed with a quantum dot (QD) donor and a fluorescent dye acceptor exhibiting interesting FRET behavior.
Efficient catalytic removal of airborne ozone under ambient conditions over manganese oxides immobilized on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ji Jian , Fang Yang , He Linsong , Huang Haibao
Published: July 2019

MnOx–CNT nanocomposites are efficient towards ozone decomposition owing to the electron transfer from the CNTs to MnOx that facilitates the activation of ozone.
Trivalent copper stabilised by acetylacetone dithiocarbazate Schiff base ligands: structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties
Authors: Bilyj Jessica K. , Silajew Nicole V. , Hanson Graeme R. , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Bernhardt Paul V.
Published: July 2019

The copper coordination chemistry of bis(dithiocarbazate) Schiff base ligands derived from acetylacetone yields a diversity of products depending on the reaction conditions and presence of oxygen. Both di- and trivalent copper complexes have been isolated and characterised.
Enhanced nitrogen imbalances in agroecosystems driven by changing cropping systems in a coastal area of eastern China: from field to watershed scale
Authors: Li Yanqiang , Wang Fang , Yan Weijin , Lv Shucong , Li Qingqian , Yu Qibiao , Wang Jun
Published: July 2019

Changes of cropping systems are un-neglected driving forces to increase nitrogen imbalance of agricultural development in the watershed scale.
Seasonal treatment and economic evaluation of an algal wastewater system for energy and nutrient recovery
Authors: Li Yalin , Slouka Sydney A. , Henkanatte-Gedera Shanka M. , Nirmalakhandan Nagamany , Strathmann Timothy J.
Published: July 2019

Treatment efficacy and economic performance of an algal wastewater treatment and valorization system were evaluated in different seasons.
The synergy of host–guest nonfullerene acceptors enables 16%-efficiency polymer solar cells with increased open-circuit voltage and fill-factor
Authors: Chang Yuan , Lau Tsz-Ki , Pan Ming-Ao , Lu Xinhui , Yan He , Zhan Chuanlang
Published: July 2019

A Voc-increased approach with ITCT as the higher-LUMO-level acceptor guest supplies 16.1%-efficiency fullerene-free ternary solar cells with both Voc and FF simultaneously increased.
Impact of heteroatoms (S, Se, and Te) on the aromaticity of heterocirculenes
Authors: Karaush-Karmazin Nataliya N. , Baryshnikov Gleb V. , Valiulina Lenara I. , Valiev Rashid , Ågren Hans , Minaev Boris F.
Published: July 2019

Computations reveal the structural and energetic aspects of aromaticity in heterocirculenes.
Rhodium(i)-catalyzed vinylation/[2 + 1] carbocyclization of 1,6-enynes with α-diazocarbonyl compounds
Authors: Huang Junmin , Hu Xinwei , Chen Fengjuan , Gui Jiao , Zeng Wei
Published: July 2019

Rh(i)-catalyzed coupling–cyclization of enynes with diazo compounds has been developed to obtain versatile vinyl-substituted azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes.
nBuLi-promoted anti-Markovnikov selective hydroboration of unactivated alkenes and internal alkynes
Authors: Wang Zi-Chao , Wang Min , Gao Jian , Shi Shi-Liang , Xu Youjun
Published: July 2019

A novel anti-Markovnikov selective hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes with HBpin using nBuLi as an effective initiator is described.
Celecoxib attenuates hepatocellular proliferative capacity during hepatocarcinogenesis by modulating a PTEN/NF-κB/PRL-3 pathway
Authors: Zhang Cong , Zhou Junxuan , Hu Junjie , Lei Sheng , Yuan Ming , Chen Liang , Wang Guihong , Qiu Zhenpeng
Published: July 2019

Celecoxib modulates the PTEN/NF-κB/PRL-3 pathway during hepatocarcinogenesisin vivo.
One-step synthesis of Fe2O3 nano-rod modified reduced graphene oxide composites for effective Cr(vi) removal: removal capability and mechanism
Authors: Kong Chaopei , Li Miao , Li Jiacheng , Ma Xuejiao , Feng Chuanping , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2019

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported Fe2O3 nanorod composites were prepared via a one-step hydrothermal method and further utilized for hexavalent chromium (Cr(vi)) removal from aqueous environments.
Chemical structure and biological properties of a polysaccharide isolated from Pleurotus sajor-caju
Authors: Seedevi Palaniappan , Ramu Ganesan Abirami , Mohan Kannan , Raguraman Vasantharaja , Sivakumar Murugesan , Sivasankar Palaniappan , Loganathan Sivakumar , Rajamalar Palasundaram , Vairamani Shanmugam , Shanmugam Annaian
Published: July 2019

Herein, a polysaccharide obtained from Pleurotus sajor-caju was fractionated via anion-exchange column chromatography and purified using gel permeation column chromatography.
Rapid preparation of polydopamine coating as a multifunctional hair dye
Authors: Gao Zhong Feng , Wang Xin Yu , Gao Jian Bang , Xia Fan
Published: July 2019

A rapid and effective polydopamine-based method for dyeing human hair was demonstrated, which achieved a significant black color, remarkable durability, enhanced thermal insulation performance, and anti-bacterial property.
Effects of rare-earth oxides on the microstructure and properties of Fe-based friction materials synthesized by in situ carbothermic reaction from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates
Authors: Zhai Dajun , Shui Yue , Feng Keqin , Zhang Yanyan
Published: July 2019

In this work, we prepared an iron-based frictional material from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates by in situ carbothermic reaction with improved tribological properties.
Robust catalytically-activated LSM-BCZY-based composite steam electrodes for proton ceramic electrolysis cells
Authors: Bausá Nuria , Serra José M.
Published: July 2019

The infiltration of different catalytically-activated nanoparticles into LSM/BCZY27 backbone enabled to reduce the electrode polarization resistance towards water splitting and oxygen evolution under operation at high steam pressures (up to 5 bar).
Solution-based synthesis of lithium thiophosphate superionic conductors for solid-state batteries: a chemistry perspective
Authors: Ghidiu Michael , Ruhl Justine , Culver Sean P. , Zeier Wolfgang G.
Published: July 2019

Understanding the underlying chemistry of thiophosphates in solution is a prerequisite for solution-based syntheses of lithium thiophosphate superionic conductors.
Graphene quantum dots/graphene fiber nanochannels for osmotic power generation
Authors: Lee Ki Hyun , Park Hun , Eom Wonsik , Kang Dong Jun , Noh Sung Hyun , Han Tae Hee
Published: July 2019

Graphene quantum dots were intercalated into graphene fiber nanochannel as a nano-charger for high surface charge density. The hybrid nanochannel shows efficient ion transport behaviors and ion selectivity facilitating superior osmotic power generation.
Oxygen migration and proton diffusivity in transition-metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu) doped Ruddlesden–Popper oxides
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Yao Fen , Meng Junling , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Haocong , Liu Xiaojuan , Meng Jian , Zhang Hongjie
Published: July 2019

The direct links between the transport behavior of Lan+1NinO3n+1 Ruddlesden–Popper oxides and microelectronic structures were established via DFT + U simulations.
Selective recognition of CdTe QDs and strand displacement signal amplification-assisted label-free and homogeneous fluorescence assay of nucleic acid and protein
Authors: Hu Pingyue , Wang Xiu , Wei Long , Dai Rui , Yuan Xin , Huang Ke , Chen Piaopiao
Published: July 2019

Selective recognition of CdTe QDs and strand displacement signal amplification-assisted label-free and homogeneous fluorescence assay of nucleic acid and protein.
Comparative study of two near-infrared coumarin–BODIPY dyes for bioimaging and photothermal therapy of cancer
Authors: Zhang Yuandong , Song Nan , Li Yuanyuan , Yang Zhiyu , Chen Li , Sun Tingting , Xie Zhigang
Published: July 2019

Herein, two novel NIR coumarin BODIPYs with different conjugation degrees were comparatively investigated for photothermal therapy and fluorescence bioimaging.
Enhancing thermal stability of nonfullerene organic solar cells via fluoro-side-chain engineering
Authors: Xin Yue , Zeng Guang , OuYang JinYang , Zhao Xiaoli , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: July 2019

Two novel side-chain fluorinated n-SMAs were synthesized to study the effect of fluoro-side-chain engineering on the thermal stability of OSCs.
Control of near electric field by topology optimised sub‐wavelength 3D loop antenna
Authors: Jafari A. Mohtadi , Abdolali A.
Published: July 2019

In this Letter, a new method is proposed for the synthesis of the near electric field. This method is based on three‐dimensional (3D) small loop antennas with an engineered shape. An arbitrary shape is used as a new degree of freedom. Also, concerns over the implementation of complex shapes are vanished by 3D printing technology. With the help of an array of 3D small loop antennas, complex distribution of electric fields can be realised. To illustrate the functionality of the proposed method, an array of four elements, all of which is connected to a source, is designed to synthesise the desired electric field distribution. The results of design and experimental measurement showed high accuracy and capacity of this method in controlling the electric field.
Optimal allocation and control of fixed and switched capacitor banks on distribution systems using grasshopper optimisation algorithm with power loss sensitivity and rough set theory
Authors: Elsayed Abdullah M. , Mishref Mohammed M. , Farrag Sobhy M.
Published: July 2019

The grasshopper heuristic optimisation algorithm (GOA) is one of the newest heuristic techniques. It attempts to imitate locust's behaviour in solving different problems. In this paper, first, optimal location and size of fixed capacitor banks on distribution systems have been obtained using the GOA. Determination of the optimal number of capacitor banks and their optimal locations and sizes represent one of the major challenges facing distribution system operators. Therefore, second, a combined power loss sensitivity and GOA technique has been introduced to obtain the optimal number, location and size of the capacitor banks on distribution systems. Third, a proposed technique for optimal placement of fixed and switched capacitor banks considering daily load variations is introduced. Finally, a new technique of combined rough set theory and GOA is proposed to minimise daily switching of the capacitor banks and minimise daily power losses. Four test systems with different sizes and complexities are considered to evaluate the proposed techniques which are the 33, 69, 85 and 141‐bus systems. To clarify the validation and effectiveness of the proposed solution techniques, the obtained results have been compared with other previously used solving techniques. The obtained results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the introduced techniques.
Active protection for photovoltaic DC‐boosting integration system during FRT
Authors: Jia Ke , Chen Jinfeng , Xuan Zhenwen , Wang Congbo , Bi Tianshu
Published: July 2019

Compared with traditional photovoltaic (PV) power plants, PV DC‐boosting integration system faces serious DC‐bus overvoltage problem due to its special structure during the fault ride‐through (FRT). Based on the unique power‐output features of PV array, the authors describe a design of coordinated control strategy for the converters in the PV DC‐boosting integration system to maintain a stable DC voltage during FRT process. In addition, existing FRT control scheme ineluctably lowers the performance of the line protection; thus, a combination strategy of the system control and the line protection is proposed to enhance the fault discrimination ability (especially the interphase fault). A detailed model of the PV DC‐boosting integration system is created in PSCAD/EMTDC; the simulation results show that the proposed method not only realises the smooth FRT process with a stable DC bus voltage but also can reliably identify the voltage sag caused by the transmission line faults.
Network equivalent by vector fitting‐based rational approximation in wind power integrated power systems
Authors: Wang Chenxuan , Wang Zhen
Published: July 2019

Considering the electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation for a large power system is complicated and impractical, a feasible solution is to model the area not of interest (external system) as a frequency‐dependent network equivalent circuit by vector fitting (VF)‐based rational approximation methods. However, when the external system is wind power integrated, errors may be generated from the equivalent network by traditional approximation methods. A proposed algorithm in which the wind turbines or dynamic loads in the external system are reduced at its working points of steady‐state firstly and the results from VF method are passivity enforced can improve the accuracy of network equivalent both in frequency and time domain. A case study is considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and the simulation results prove the validity of the algorithm for the good accuracy and less time consuming in simulation.
Hybrid mixed‐integer non‐linear programming approach for directional over‐current relay coordination
Authors: Javadi Mohammad Sadegh , Nezhad Ali Esmaeel , Anvari‐Moghadam Amjad , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: July 2019

This article proposes the optimal coordination problem of protective relays within a hybrid optimisation framework which is presented based on integer coded genetic algorithm (ICGA) and non‐linear programming (NLP). The optimal coordination problem of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) is implemented while aimed at finding the optimal plug setting multiplier (PSM) and time dial setting (TDS). In this respect, PSM is a function of the current transformer (CT) size and the tap of the relay which is discrete in nature. TDS is a function of the operating time of the relay for different short‐circuit currents at different locations of the system. Here, the variables of the problem are decomposed into continuous and discrete variables. The first stage of the problem uses the ICGA to determine the size of CTs considering the permitted tap of relays while the second stage utilises the NLP method to evaluate the feasibility and optimality. The presented framework is then simulated on an 8‐bus test system. The obtained results verify the effectiveness and the applicability of the optimisation technique to find the optimal settings of DOCRs.
Novel immense configurations of boost converter for renewable energy application
Authors: Maroti Pandav Kiran , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Blaabjerg Frede , Ionel Dan , Wheeler Patrick
Published: July 2019

A three‐immense configurations of boost converter for renewable energy application is presented here. The voltage lift switched inductor (VLSI) structure is pledged to extra high‐voltage conversion. The proposed work represents the modified high‐voltage conversion boost converter (MBC) and its three configuration with VLSI module namely, modified boost converter with XL configuration (MBCVLSI ‐XL), modified boost converter with LY configuration (MBCVLSI ‐LY), and modified boost converter with XY configuration (MBCVLSI ‐XY). The advantages of proposed converter configurations are (i) immense voltage conversion ratio for high‐voltage and low‐current renewable energy applications; (ii) single switch topologies; and (iii) input inductor to avoid reverse current flow from load to source. The detail mathematical analysis of proposed configurations is carried out with and without considering the internal voltage drop across the circuit components. The comparative investigation is carried out with existed high‐voltage conversion ratio topologies. The Matlab simulation results validates the working of proposed MBC configurations.
Rough set‐based rule generation and Apriori‐based rule generation from table data sets II: SQL‐based environment for rule generation and decision support
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Jian Zhiwen
Published: July 2019

This study follows the previous study entitled ‘Rough set‐based rule generation and Apriori‐based rule generation from table data sets: A survey and a combination’, and this is the second study on ‘Rough set‐based rule generation and Apriori‐based rule generation from table data sets’. The theoretical aspects are described in the previous study, and here the aspects of application, an SQL‐based environment for rule generation and decision support, are described. At first, the implementation of rule generator defined in the previous study is explained, then the application of the obtained rules to decision support is considered. Especially, the following two issues are focused on, (i) Rule generator from table data sets with uncertainty in SQL, (ii) The manipulation in decision support below: (ii‐a) In the case that an obtained rule matches the condition, (ii‐b) In the case that any obtained rule does not match the condition. The authors connect such cases with decision support and realised an effective decision support environment in SQL.
Spectral characterization of newly detected young substellar binaries with SINFONI
Authors: Calissendorff Per , Janson Markus , Asensio-Torres Rubén , Köhler Rainer
Published: July 2019

We observe 14 young low-mass substellar objects using the VLT/SINFONI integral field spectrograph with laser guide star adaptive optics to detect and characterize three candidate binary systems. All three binary candidates show strong signs of youth, with two of them likely belonging to young moving groups. Together with the adopted young-moving-group ages we employ isochrones from the BT-Settle CIFIST substellar evolutionary models to estimate individual masses for the binary components. We find 2MASS J15104786–2818174 to be part of the ≈30−50 Myr Argus moving group and to be composed of a 34−48 MJup primary brown dwarf with spectral type M9γ and a fainter 15−22 MJup companion, separated by ≈100 mas. 2MASS J22025794–5605087 is identified as an almost equal-mass binary in the AB Dor moving group, with a projected separation of ≈60 mas. Both components share spectral type M9γ/β, which with the adopted age of 120−200 Myr yields masses in the range of 50−68 MJup for each component individually. The observations of 2MASS J15474719–2423493 are of lower quality and we obtain no spectral characterization for the target, but resolve two components separated by ≈170 mas which with the predicted young field age of 30−50 Myr yields individual masses below 20 MJup. Out of the three candidate binary systems, 2MASS J22025794–5605087 has unambiguous spectroscopic signs of being a bona-fide binary, while the other two will require second-epoch confirmation. The small projected separations between the binary components correspond to physical separations of ≈4−7 AU, meaning that astrometric monitoring of just a few years would be adequate to generate constrained orbital fits and dynamical masses for the systems. In combination with their young ages, these binaries will prove to be excellent benchmarks for calibrating substellar evolutionary models down to a very low-mass regime.
„Gehen Sie zurück auf Los?!?“
Authors: Elsner Bernhard , Mehrholz Jan
Published: July 2019

Die Prognose (also die Vorhersage) der Erholung eines Menschen nach Schlaganfall
ist stets eine Herausforderung, und dies nicht nur für die Akutmedizin, sondern
auch für die Rehabilitation. Kaum eine andere Frage birgt für die Patienten und
deren Angehörige nach einem Schlaganfall mehr Ungewissheit als „Werde ich wieder
gesund?“ bzw. „Wird er/sie wieder gesund?“. Schon seit Längerem ist bekannt,
dass die Schwere der Symptome kurz nach dem Schlaganfall mit der zu erwartenden
Erholung verbunden ist. Wie problematisch es allerdings ist, daraus zuverlässige
Regeln abzuleiten, erläutert dieser Artikel.
Tailored Medical Management of the Complex Postoperative Crohn's Disease Patient
Authors: Achkar Jean-Paul
Published: July 2019

Despite advancements in medical therapy, many patients with Crohn's disease continue to require surgery for intestinal resection and/or management of perianal disease at some point in their disease course. Unfortunately, in this complex group of patients, postoperative disease recurrence rates are high. Medical prophylaxis can be used to prevent Crohn's disease recurrence or manage residual disease after surgery, but the ideal timing to start medications after surgery varies based on patient risk factors and patient preference for medication use. Currently, the largest medical treatment effects are seen with thiopurines and antitumor necrosis factor antibodies, but there are continually expanding options as new medical therapies are developed. A proposed algorithm stratified based on patient risk factors is provided.
Role of Fecal Diversion in Complex Crohn's Disease
Authors: Burke John P.
Published: July 2019

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in progressive tissue damage, which can result in strictures, fistulae, and abscesses formation. The triggering mechanism is thought to be in the fecal stream, and diversion of this fecal stream is sometimes required to control disease when all other avenues of medical and surgical management have been exhausted. Fecal diversion can be temporary or permanent with the indications being defunctioning a high-risk anastomosis, as a result of a surgical complication, for disease control, or due to severe colonic, rectal, or perianal disease. The incidence of ostomy formation in CD has increased epidemiologically over time. The primary indication for ostomy formation is severe perianal fistulizing disease. However, while 64% of patients have an early clinical response after diversion for refractory perianal CD, restoration of bowel continuity is attempted in only 35% of patients, and is successful in only 17%. The current review discusses the indications for ostomy creation in complex CD, strategies for procedure selection, and patient outcomes.
Crohn's Disease and the Risk of Cancer
Authors: Carchman Evie
Published: July 2019

Crohn's disease is associated with various intestinal and extraintestinal malignancies. This article reviews the current literature regarding Crohn's disease and subsequent risk of cancer formation. Recognition of risk factors (both modifiable and unmodifiable) is essential for prevention and appropriate screening. Future investigations into the molecular mechanisms associated with Crohn-related malignancy will provide additional insight into carcinogenesis, potential for early intervention, and identification of at-risk patients.
ERNICA Consensus Conference on the Management of Patients with Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Diagnostics, Preoperative, Operative, and Postoperative Management
Authors: Dingemann Carmen , Eaton Simon , Aksnes Gunnar , Bagolan Pietro , Cross Kate M. , De Coppi Paolo , Fruithof JoAnne , Gamba Piergiorgio , Husby Steffen , Koivusalo Antti , Rasmussen Lars , Sfeir Rony , Slater Graham , Svensson Jan F. , Van der Zee David C. , Wessel Lucas M. , Widenmann-Grolig Anke , Wijnen Rene , Ure Benno M.
Published: July 2019

Introduction Many aspects of the management of esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are controversial and the evidence for decision making is limited. Members of the European Reference Network for Rare Inherited Congenital Anomalies (ERNICA) conducted a consensus conference on the surgical management of EA/TEF based on expert opinions referring to the latest literature.

Materials and Methods Nineteen ERNICA representatives from nine European countries participated in the conference. The conference was prepared by item generation, item prioritization by online survey, formulation of a final list containing the domains diagnostics, preoperative, operative, and postoperative management, and literature review. The 2-day conference was held in Berlin in October 2018. Anonymous voting was conducted via an internet-based system. Consensus was defined when 75% of the votes scored 6 to 9.

Results Fifty-two items were generated with 116 relevant articles of which five studies (4.3%) were assigned as level-1evidence. Complete consensus (100%) was achieved on 20 items (38%), such as TEF closure by transfixing suture, esophageal anastomosis by interrupted sutures, and initiation of feeding 24 hours postoperatively. Consensus ≥75% was achieved on 37 items (71%), such as routine insertion of transanastomotic tube or maximum duration of thoracoscopy of 3 hours. Thirteen items (25%) were controversial (range of scores, 1–9). Eight of these (62%) did not reach consensus.

Conclusion Participants of the conference reached significant consensus on the management of patients with EA/TEF. The consensus may facilitate standardization and development of generally accepted guidelines. The conference methodology may serve as a blueprint for further conferences on the management of congenital malformations in pediatric surgery.
Spin and charge transport of electron on a mesoscopic ring of topological insulator thin film in uniform magnetic field
Authors: Yar Abdullah
Published: July 2019

Spin dynamics and persistent spin and charge currents of an electron on a mesoscopic ring of topological insulator (TI) thin film in a uniform magnetic field are investigated. We find that the circular symmetry of TI in the magnetic field leads to a shift of the valence band maxima and conduction band minima in the energy spectrum from the charge neutrality point depending on the strength of the magnetic field, in addition to the bandgap induced by the hybridization and Zeeman energies. The numerical analysis of the dynamical equations obtained from the Heisenberg equation of motion shows that the tangential, radial, and longitudinal components of the electron’s spin exhibit periodic oscillations. Interestingly, the longitudinal component of spin polarized current vanishes due to the inversion symmetry along the cylindrical axis, whereas its x- and y-components oscillate with a finite phase shift. The persistent charge current on the ring of the TI thin film changes sign from positive to negative approaching maximal saturated values at large magnetic fluxes. Moreover, we investigate the effect of dephasing on persistent currents when the ring is coupled to an electron reservoir. Strikingly, both charge and spin persistent currents dissipate significantly with increasing the coupling parameter.
Evaluation of experimental alkali metal ion–ligand noncovalent bond strengths with DLPNO-CCSD(T) method
Authors: Maity Bholanath , Minenkov Yury , Cavallo Luigi
Published: July 2019

We applied the domain based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster approach with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations, DLPNO-CCSD(T), to rationalize more than 130 experimental bond dissociation enthalpies collected in the work of Rodgers and Armentrout [Chem. Rev. 116, 5642–5687 (2016)] and involving alkali metal cations and versatile neutral organic and inorganic ligands ranging from common solvents to amino acids. In general, a remarkable agreement has been obtained between predicted and experimental alkali metal ion–ligand noncovalent bond strengths, highlighting a high degree of reliability of data assembled by Rodgers and Armentrout. In the case of some inconsistent experimental data given for some species, we pointed to a number for which best agreement with DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations has been achieved. In addition, we refined a couple of ΔH0 for which DLPNO-CCSD(T) values turned out to be significantly different from their experimental counterparts. We suggest an application of the DLPNO-CCSD(T) to derive the reference values to train/validate force field and neural network methods to be further applied in molecular dynamic simulations to unravel the mechanisms in biological systems and alkali metal ion batteries.
Performance analysis of different influencing factors on film cooling and the internal relations with vortex structures
Authors: Chang Jianlong , Du Yang , Zheng Shizhen , Duan Xinlei , Liu Yanchen
Published: July 2019

Film cooling is a cooling technique in which a protective layer is generated by the coolant along the wall to shield the wall surface against high temperature flow. When the fluids of the coolant and high-temperature gas are of different qualities, it is often accompanied by the mass and energy transfer. During the film cooling process, the lower-temperature gas is transported to the surface through the tangential gap on the wall which requires thermal protection. And then the film is formed along the direction of the high-temperature flow, causing the solid wall isolated from the high temperature gas, thereby it can prevent the wall surface from being touched and damaged by hot stream. Since the film cooling sets high standards for hole shape, the structure of injection, the length of the coolant supply tube, the angle of incidence, the blowing ratio, the thickness of the boundary layer, ribs and the Reynolds number, etc., the analysis and optimization of these factors have been particular significance on improving cooling efficiency. This paper introduces the dominant factors which influence film cooling effectiveness, besides, analyzes the methods to achieve the best cooling results. The impact of the vortex structures on enhancing film cooling performance is explored. Moreover, a new train of thought is proposed to improve the cooling efficiency under the joint action of the vortex generator and the synthetic jet.
Bovine tuberculosis disturbs parasite functional trait composition in African buffalo
Authors: Beechler Brianna R. , Boersma Kate S. , Buss Peter E. , Coon Courtney A. C. , Gorsich Erin E. , Henrichs Brian S. , Siepielski Adam M. , Spaan Johannie M. , Spaan Robert S. , Ezenwa Vanessa O. , Jolles Anna E.
Published: July 2019

Novel parasites can have wide-ranging impacts, not only on host populations, but also on the resident parasite community. Historically, impacts of novel parasites have been assessed by examining pairwise interactions between parasite species. However, parasite communities are complex networks of interacting species. Here we used multivariate taxonomic and trait-based approaches to determine how parasite community composition changed when African buffalo (
Syncerus caffer
) acquired an emerging disease, bovine tuberculosis (BTB). Both taxonomic and functional parasite richness increased significantly in animals that acquired BTB than in those that did not. Thus, the presence of BTB seems to catalyze extraordinary shifts in community composition. There were no differences in overall parasite taxonomic composition between infected and uninfected individuals, however. The trait-based analysis revealed an increase in direct-transmitted, quickly replicating parasites following BTB infection. This study demonstrates that trait-based approaches provide insight into parasite community dynamics in the context of emerging infections.