bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ageing and romance on the big screen: the ‘silvering romantic comedy’Elsa & Fred
Authors: Casado-Gual Núria
Published: June 2019

The radical demographic change produced by the ageing population in the Western world has entailed a complete transformation of its popular culture. The cinema is one of the popular arts to have been especially affected by the so-called ‘longevity revolution’. In fact, an important part of Hollywood celebrity culture and the mainstream film audiences belong to the same ageing demographic. The increasing necessity to tell and consume stories of ageing for the big screen is not only reflected in the growing number of films that feature older characters in their lead roles, but also in the changes produced in the cinematic narratives themselves. Film scholars within the inter-disciplinary field of cultural gerontology have started to address this phenomenon from various perspectives. Building on from their critical consideration, this article focuses on the particular case of Michael Radford'sElsa & Fred, a contemporary film released in 2014 that, paradoxically enough, helps renovate the youth-oriented genre of the romantic comedy through a ‘silvering’ romance. Taking into account contemporary manifestations of the romantic comedy genre, the essay proves that Radford's comedy contributes to the development of the ‘gerontocom’ as a new sub-genre in which old age is central to the protagonists’ characterisations and storylines. By considering the interaction of the generic rules of the genre with the hyper-visibility of the protagonists’ agedness, this article also shows the ways in which the film overcomes polarised views of ageing and enhances the figures’ own process of becoming in the last stage of their lives.
The stability of hydromagnetic Couette flow
Authors: Roberts P. H.
Published: June 2019

The theoretical studies of Chandrasekhar on the stability of Couette flow in a viscous, electrically conducting, fluid in the presence of a uniform axial magnetic field are extended to include cases of finite gap width between the cylinders, and cases in which the conductivity of the walls of the containing cylinders is finite. In addition, the non-axisymmetric modes of instability are discussed, and the results of numerical computations are presented.
Notes on the ideology of international organizations law: The International Organization for Migration, state-making, and the market for migration
Authors: Klabbers Jan
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the law and practice of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), a little-known but important international organization. The article aims to illuminate what it is the IOM does; how it influences its member state practices while simultaneously working on member state assignments; and how this affects the dominant theory underpinning the law of international organizations, i.e., the theory of functionalism. The article concludes that the IOM takes functionalist thought to extremes, and in doing so makes visible the latter’s ideological nature.
Maternal symptoms of depression and sensitivity mediate the relation between maternal history of early adversity and her child temperament: The inheritance of circumstance
Authors: Bouvette-Turcot Andrée-Anne , Fleming Alison S. , Unternaehrer Eva , Gonzalez Andrea , Atkinson Leslie , Gaudreau Hélène , Steiner Meir , Meaney Michael J.
Published: June 2019

We examined maternal depression and maternal sensitivity as mediators of the association between maternal childhood adversity and her child's temperament in 239 mother–child dyads from a longitudinal, birth cohort study. We used an integrated measure of maternal childhood adversity that included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Index. Maternal depression was assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 6 months postpartum. Maternal sensitivity was assessed with the Ainsworth maternal sensitivity scales at 6 months. A measure of “negative emotionality/behavioral dysregulation” was derived from the Early Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire administered at 36 months. Bootstrapping-based mediation analyses revealed that maternal depression mediated the effect of maternal childhood adversity on offspring negative emotionality/behavioral dysregulation (95% confidence interval [0.026, 0.144]). We also found a serial, indirect effect of maternal childhood adversity on child negative emotionality/behavioral mediated first by maternal depression and then by maternal sensitivity (95% confidence interval [0.031, 0.156]). Results suggest the intergenerational transmission of the effects of maternal childhood adversity to the offspring occurs through a two-step, serial pathway, involving maternal depression and maternal sensitivity.
Non-operating room anaesthesia for embolisation of ductus closure device to the pulmonary artery in a child with patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Kılıç Yeliz , Harbelioğlu Mehmet Ali
Published: June 2019

Patent ductus arteriosus is among the most common congenital heart diseases. With the increasing use of transcatheter closure procedures, the incidence of complications related to the procedure has increased. Embolization of the ductus closure device to the pulmonary artery is a very rare complication. Since those procedures are often performed under non-operating room anesthesia, anesthetic management of such patients is of great importance. Herein, anesthetic management of embolization of the ductus closure device to the pulmonary artery in a little girl was presented. This is the first case regarding the anesthetic management of such complication.
Dosimetric changes achieved and changes in target and parotid volumes in patients undergoing adaptive planning during chemoradiation therapy with helical delivery of treatment
Authors: Cummings Michael A. , Youn Paul , Abu-Aita Rami , Herman Amy , Hare Mary Z. , Zhang Hong , Chen Yuhchyau , Singh Deepinder P.
Published: June 2019

Aim:

Re-planning mid-treatment, with the adjustment of target volumes, has been performed as part of the normal workflow at our institution. We sought to quantify the benefit of this approach and identify factors to optimise plan adaptive strategies.

Materials and methods:

Patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer treated to 70 Gy with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) on TomoTherapy® who underwent re-planning during the treatment were eligible. Survival and prognostic factors were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards, two-sidep-value <0·05 significant.

Results:

Forty-two patients were identified with Stage III (n= 5), IVA (n= 34) and IVB (n= 3) [AJCC 7th] disease. Median re-planning dose was 40 Gy (14–60 Gy). Median change in mean total parotid dose was reduction of 1 Gy (range –7·5 Gy to +13·9 Gy). The volume of PTV70 and PTV60 receiving 99% of the prescribed (V99) dose was increased by 2·2% (–3·3 to +16·6%) and 1·9% (–11·5 to +12·6%) by re-planning. As a continuous variable, increasing per cent nodal regression was associated with the improved disease control in a multivariate model including stage, pack years smoking and human papilloma viral (HPV) status (HR: 0·85, 0·71–0·99,p= 0·05).

Findings:

Adaptive planning generates a superior plan for the majority of patients, but there is modest overall parotid gland sparing.
Desertion as theft
Authors: Piano Ennio E. , Rouanet Louis
Published: June 2019

To be effective, an army must contain the extent of desertion among its ranks. This phenomenon rose to particular prominence in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, with the appearance of the figure of the “citizen-soldier” on the battlefield. This paper offers the first theoretical treatment of the issue of desertion from an economic perspective. Building on the work of Yoram Barzel on the “economic analysis of property rights,” we develop a “desertion as theft” framework. We then test the empirical implications of the framework against qualitative and quantitative evidence from Napoleonic France.
Dialogue in the Monastery: Hagiography as a Pedagogical Model
Authors: Pick Lucy K.
Published: June 2019

This article explores the reasons why dialogue has been such a key part of religious education by examining several texts from the medieval period: Gregory the Great'sDialogues, Petrus Alfonsi'sDialogue against the Jewsand three hagiographical narratives from tenth-century Spanish manuscripts. It will argue that when read or listened to, the dialogue of the text was meant in turn to cue an internal dialogue, a response within the self, and a transformation. While meditative religious reading of all kinds was thought of as producing this inner reflection and debate, the dialogue format was an especially effective didactic tool for inculcating in beginners a mode of internal reflection and questioning, inspired by an outside source. Finally, although the content and even the message of the dialogue that is written or overheard may be fixed and clear, its effect on those who read or hear it remains open and provisional. It is up to readers or listeners to draw their own conclusions and absorb their own lessons from it.
‘The catechism will save society, without the catechism there is no salvation’: Secularization and Catholic Educational Practice in an Italian Diocese, 1905–14
Authors: Pruneri Fabio
Published: June 2019

Compulsory public education in Italy came into being almost simultaneously with the process of national unification. From the outset, the liberal ruling class was faced with the old-established educational tradition of the church, and historians of education have explored the process of the secularization of education. This article sheds light on how decisions of the hierarchy and the pope, especially during the early twentieth century, were translated into practical pastoral action, noteworthy in some cases for a surprising modernity in the means used. The article focuses on the dioceses of northern Italy and in particular that of Bergamo, a populous agricultural centre then undergoing rapid industrialization. Using diocesan archive materials and the press of the period, it focuses on new forms of pastoral work, particularly those directed at teaching the catechism by means of societies for children and young people, catechism competitions and slide shows. The results obtained using this approach challenge the perception of Catholicism as intransigent on this issue.
Catechizing at Home, 1740–1870: Instruction, Communication and Denomination
Authors: Martin Mary Clare
Published: June 2019

Catechizing played an important part in domestic religious education in Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as well as in the better documented early modern period. However, its significance has been neglected in comparison with family prayers (often deemed to be an expression of patriarchy), Sunday observance or even private prayers. This article analyses the incidence of catechizing across religious denominations in Britain from 1740 to 1870, and within selected overseas missionary families. Drawing on a wide range of personal memoirs, the article analyses the range of contexts and relationships within which catechizing could occur. These included not only household worship (which could be conducted by women) but also relationships between siblings. It demonstrates that catechizing could provide opportunities for asking questions and spending ‘quality time’ with parents and / or children, rather than embodying an alienating form of rote-learning. The article therefore challenges many stereotypes relating to family domestic education, relating to themes such as patriarchy, denominational difference and adult-child interaction.
The Political Dimension of the Education of the Poor in the National Society's Church of England Schools, 1811–37
Authors: Dixon Nicholas
Published: June 2019

One of the most important spheres of activity in the early nineteenth-century Church of England was the establishment and support of schools for the poor. The primary agent of such activity was the National Society. Founded in 1811 by clergymen and philanthropists, this organization aimed to maintain Anglicanism as the ‘National Religion’ by instructing as many poor children as possible in church doctrine under clerical supervision. By 1837, almost a million children across England were being educated in Anglican charitable institutions. This remarkable effort has largely been the province of educational historians. Yet it was also a political enterprise. The creation of a national system of education along exclusively Anglican lines represented an assertive intervention in the contemporary debate about the relationship between church and nation-state. Using a wide range of neglected sources, this article discusses how such political concerns were manifested at a local level in National Society schools’ teaching, rituals and use as venues for political activism. It is argued that these aspects of the society's work afforded the church a powerful political platform. This analysis informs our broader understanding of the ways in which churches’ involvement in mass education has sustained religiously inflected conceptions of nationhood.
Exporting Godliness: The Church, Education and ‘Higher Civilization’ in the British Empire from the late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Chapman Mark
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the impact of the educational method pioneered in the English public schools on the development of education in Anglican schools in the British empire, with a particular focus on the Indian subcontinent from the turn of the twentieth century until the outbreak of the First World War. It discusses how the focus of missionary activity changed from a desire for overt evangelism into a sense of the transmission of moral and ethical values though a system of education in the Christian virtues. An educational understanding of salvation began to supplant the doctrinal. This is connected with the thinking on ‘higher’ and ‘lower’ civilizations of the period. A central focus is on the preparatory work for, and discussions around, the Pan-Anglican Congress of 1908 and the role played by Bishop H. H. Montgomery.
‘The One for the Many’: Zeng Baosun, Louise Barnes and the Yifang School for Girls at Changsha, 1893–1927
Authors: Bond Jennifer
Published: June 2019

This article explores the role of Chinese Christian women in the internationalization of Chinese education in the early twentieth Century. In particular, it examines the changing relationship between Church Missionary Society (CMS) missionary Louise Barnes, and Zeng Baosun, the great granddaughter of Zeng Guofan. Zeng Baosun was born in 1893 in Changsha, educated at the CMS's Mary Vaughan School in Hangzhou, and became the first Chinese woman to graduate from the University of London, before returning to China to establish a Christian school for girls in Changsha (Yifang) in 1918. Although an extraordinary example because of her elite family background, Zeng's story highlights how Chinese women used the networks to which their Christian education exposed them on a local, national and international scale to play an important role in the exchange of educational ideas between China and the West during the early twentieth century. The story of the relationship between Zeng and Barnes also reveals the changing power dynamics between foreign missionaries and Chinese Christians in the process of indigenizing the church in China: the roles of teacher and pupil were reversed upon their return to Changsha, with Zeng serving as headmistress of her own school and Barnes as a teacher.
Pflegerische Screeninginstrumente zur Identifikation einer Dysphagie bei neurologischen Patientinnen und Patienten - Eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Nitschke Johanna , Eichhorn Juliane
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Dysphagien werden oft unterschätzt, obwohl sie unbehandelt schwerwiegende Folgen haben können. In der Literatur wird im Hinblick auf die Dysphagiediagnostik oft ein multidisziplinärer Ansatz empfohlen, bei der die Pflege zunehmend eine Schlüsselrolle einnimmt. Eine schnelle und einfache Erfassung eines Dysphagierisikos erscheint unabdinglich. Ziel: Identifikation von Screeninginstrumenten zur pflegerischen Erfassung von neurogenen Dysphagien und Beschreibung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften. Methode: Die Literaturrecherche wurde von Juni bis Ende Juli 2017 durchgeführt. Es konnten 14 Studien eingeschlossen werden. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt sieben Screeninginstrumente wurden identifiziert. Bei der differenzierten Betrachtung der Studien für den Einsatz eines Screenings im pflegerischen Kontext scheint das RBWH DST aufgrund seiner guten Praktikabilität und psychometrischen Eigenschaften als besonders geeignet. Schlussfolgerung: Die einschlägige Validierung bereits bestehender Instrumente steht aus mit dem Ziel einen Standard zur Früherkennung von Dysphagie zu schaffen. Pflegefachkräfte sind dann in der sachgerechten Anwendung der Instrumente zu schulen.
The PREVIEW Study
Authors: Huttunen-Lenz Maija , Hansen Sylvia , Larsen Thomas Meinert , Christensen Pia , Drummen Mathijs , Adam Tanja , Taylor Moira A. , Simpson Elizabeth , Martinez Jose A. , Navas-Carretero Santiago , Handjieva-Darlenska Teodora , Poppitt Sally D. , Silvestre Marta P. , Fogelholm Mikael , Jalo Elli , Muirhead Roslyn , Brodie Shannon , Raben Anne , Schlicht Wolfgang
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Individuals at risk of Type 2 Diabetes are advised to change health habits. This study investigated how the PREMIT behavior modification intervention and its association with socio-economic variables influenced weight maintenance and habit strength in the PREVIEW study. Overweight adults with pre-diabetes were enrolled ( n = 2,224) in a multi-center RCT including a 2-month weight-loss phase and a 34-month weight-maintenance phase for those who lost ≥ 8% body weight. Initial stages of the PREMIT covered the end of weight-loss and the beginning of weight-maintenance phase (18 weeks). Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were explored. Frequent PREMIT sessions attendance, being female, and lower habit strength for poor diet were associated with lower weight re-gain. Being older and not in employment were associated with lower habit strength for physical inactivity. The PREMIT appeared to support weight loss maintenance. Younger participants, males, and those in employment appeared to struggle more with inactivity habit change and weight maintenance.
The reach of gene–culture coevolution in animals
Authors: Whitehead Hal , Laland Kevin N. , Rendell Luke , Thorogood Rose , Whiten Andrew
Published: June 2019

Culture (behaviour based on socially transmitted information) is present in diverse animal species, yet how it interacts with genetic evolution remains largely unexplored. Here, we review the evidence for gene–culture coevolution in animals, especially birds, cetaceans and primates. We describe how culture can relax or intensify selection under different circumstances, create new selection pressures by changing ecology or behaviour, and favour adaptations, including in other species. Finally, we illustrate how, through culturally mediated migration and assortative mating, culture can shape population genetic structure and diversity. This evidence suggests strongly that animal culture plays an important evolutionary role, and we encourage explicit analyses of gene–culture coevolution in nature.
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma
Authors: Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Piccioni Federica , O’Rourke Ryan , Ho Patricia , Gonzalez Elizabeth M. , Buchan Graham , Qian Kenin , Gionet Gabrielle , Girard Emily , Coxon Margo , Rees Matthew G. , Brenan Lisa , Dubois Frank , Shapira Ofer , Greenwald Noah F. , Pages Melanie , Balboni Iniguez Amanda , Paolella Brenton R. , Meng Alice , Sinai Claire , Roti Giovanni , Dharia Neekesh V. , Creech Amanda , Tanenbaum Benjamin , Khadka Prasidda , Tracy Adam , Tiv Hong L. , Hong Andrew L. , Coy Shannon , Rashid Rumana , Lin Jia-Ren , Cowley Glenn S. , Lam Fred C. , Goodale Amy , Lee Yenarae , Schoolcraft Kathleen , Vazquez Francisca , Hahn William C. , Tsherniak Aviad , Bradner James E. , Yaffe Michael B. , Milde Till , Pfister Stefan M. , Qi Jun , Schenone Monica , Carr Steven A. , Ligon Keith L. , Kieran Mark W. , Santagata Sandro , Olson James M. , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Jaffe Jacob D. , Root David E. , Stegmaier Kimberly , Johannessen Cory M. , Beroukhim Rameen
Published: June 2019

BET-bromodomain inhibition (BETi) has shown pre-clinical promise for MYC-amplified medulloblastoma. However, the mechanisms for its action, and ultimately for resistance, have not been fully defined. Here, using a combination of expression profiling, genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of function and ORF/cDNA driven rescue screens, and cell-based models of spontaneous resistance, we identify bHLH/homeobox transcription factors and cell-cycle regulators as key genes mediating BETi’s response and resistance. Cells that acquire drug tolerance exhibit a more neuronally differentiated cell-state and expression of lineage-specific bHLH/homeobox transcription factors. However, they do not terminally differentiate, maintain expression of CCND2, and continue to cycle through S-phase. Moreover, CDK4/CDK6 inhibition delays acquisition of resistance. Therefore, our data provide insights about the mechanisms underlying BETi effects and the appearance of resistance and support the therapeutic use of combined cell-cycle inhibitors with BETi in MYC-amplified medulloblastoma.
Lysine 68 acetylation directs MnSOD as a tetrameric detoxification complex versus a monomeric tumor promoter
Authors: Zhu Yueming , Zou Xianghui , Dean Angela E. , Brien Joseph O’ , Gao Yucheng , Tran Elizabeth L. , Park Seong-Hoon , Liu Guoxiang , Kieffer Matthew B. , Jiang Haiyan , Stauffer Melissa E. , Hart Robert , Quan Songhua , Satchell Karla J. F. , Horikoshi Nobuo , Bonini Marcelo , Gius David
Published: June 2019

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) functions as a tumor suppressor; however, once tumorigenesis occurs, clinical data suggest MnSOD levels correlate with more aggressive human tumors, implying a potential dual function of MnSOD in the regulation of metabolism. Here we show, using in vitro transformation and xenograft growth assays that the MnSOD-K68 acetylation (Ac) mimic mutant (MnSODK68Q) functions as a tumor promoter. Interestingly, in various breast cancer and primary cell types the expression of MnSODK68Q is accompanied with a change of MnSOD’s stoichiometry from a known homotetramer complex to a monomeric form. Biochemical experiments using the MnSOD-K68Q Ac-mimic, or physically K68-Ac (MnSOD-K68-Ac), suggest that these monomers function as a peroxidase, distinct from the established MnSOD superoxide dismutase activity. MnSODK68Q expressing cells exhibit resistance to tamoxifen (Tam) and cells selected for Tam resistance exhibited increased K68-Ac and monomeric MnSOD. These results suggest a MnSOD-K68-Ac metabolic pathway for Tam resistance, carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
Regulation of PCNA cycling on replicating DNA by RFC and RFC-like complexes
Authors: Kang Mi-Sun , Ryu Eunjin , Lee Seung-Won , Park Jieun , Ha Na Young , Ra Jae Sun , Kim Yeong Jae , Kim Jinwoo , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed , Park Su Hyung , Lee Kyoo-young , Kim Hajin , Kang Sukhyun , Myung Kyungjae
Published: June 2019

Replication-Factor-C (RFC) and RFC-like complexes (RLCs) mediate chromatin engagement of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). It remains controversial how RFC and RLCs cooperate to regulate PCNA loading and unloading. Here, we show the distinct PCNA loading or unloading activity of each clamp loader. ATAD5-RLC possesses the potent PCNA unloading activity. ATPase motif and collar domain of ATAD5 are crucial for the unloading activity. DNA structures did not affect PCNA unloading activity of ATAD5-RLC. ATAD5-RLC could unload ubiquitinated PCNA. Through single molecule measurements, we reveal that ATAD5-RLC unloaded PCNA through one intermediate state before ATP hydrolysis. RFC loaded PCNA through two intermediate states on DNA, separated by ATP hydrolysis. Replication proteins such as Fen1 could inhibit the PCNA unloading activity of Elg1-RLC, a yeast homolog of ATAD5-RLC in vitro. Our findings provide molecular insights into how PCNA is released from chromatin to finalize DNA replication/repair.
Cross-dimensional electron-phonon coupling in van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Lin Miao-Ling , Zhou Yu , Wu Jiang-Bin , Cong Xin , Liu Xue-Lu , Zhang Jun , Li Hai , Yao Wang , Tan Ping-Heng
Published: June 2019

The electron-phonon coupling (EPC) in a material is at the frontier of the fundamental research, underlying many quantum behaviors. van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) provide an ideal platform to reveal the intrinsic interaction between their electrons and phonons. In particular, the flexible van der Waals stacking of different atomic crystals leads to multiple opportunities to engineer the interlayer phonon modes for EPC. Here, in hBN/WS2 vdWH, we report the strong cross-dimensional coupling between the layer-breathing phonons well extended over tens to hundreds of layer thick vdWH and the electrons localized within the few-layer WS2 constituent. The strength of such cross-dimensional EPC can be well reproduced by a microscopic picture through the mediation by the interfacial coupling and also the interlayer bond polarizability model in vdWHs. The study on cross-dimensional EPC paves the way to manipulate the interaction between electrons and phonons in various vdWHs by interfacial engineering for possible interesting physical phenomena.
Bio-inspired iron-catalyzed oxidation of alkylarenes enables late-stage oxidation of complex methylarenes to arylaldehydes
Authors: Hu Penghui , Tan Mingxi , Cheng Lu , Zhao Hongyuan , Feng Rui , Gu Wei-Jin , Han Wei
Published: June 2019

It is a long-standing challenge to achieve efficient and highly selective aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes, owing to overoxidation problem stemming from the oxidizability of benzaldehyde far higher than the toluene under usual aerobic conditions. Herein we report a bio-inspired iron-catalyzed polymethylhydrosiloxane-promoted aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes with high yields and selectivities. Notably, this method can tolerate oxidation-labile and reactive boronic acid group, which is normally required to be transformed immediately after its introduction, and represents a significant advance in the area of the chemistry of organoboronic acids, including the ability to incorporate both aldehyde and ketone functionalities into unprotected arylboronic acids, a class that can be difficult to access by current means. The robustness of this protocol is demonstrated on the late-stage oxidation of complex bioactive molecules, including dehydroabietic acid, Gemfibrozil, Tocopherol nicotinate, a complex polyol structure, and structurally complex arylboronic acids.
DHX36 prevents the accumulation of translationally inactive mRNAs with G4-structures in untranslated regions
Authors: Sauer Markus , Juranek Stefan A. , Marks James , De Magis Alessio , Kazemier Hinke G. , Hilbig Daniel , Benhalevy Daniel , Wang Xiantao , Hafner Markus , Paeschke Katrin
Published: June 2019

Translation efficiency can be affected by mRNA stability and secondary structures, including G-quadruplex structures (G4s). The highly conserved DEAH-box helicase DHX36/RHAU resolves G4s on DNA and RNA in vitro, however a systems-wide analysis of DHX36 targets and function is lacking. We map globally DHX36 binding to RNA in human cell lines and find it preferentially interacting with G-rich and G4-forming sequences on more than 4500 mRNAs. While DHX36 knockout (KO) results in a significant increase in target mRNA abundance, ribosome occupancy and protein output from these targets decrease, suggesting that they were rendered translationally incompetent. Considering that DHX36 targets, harboring G4s, preferentially localize in stress granules, and that DHX36 KO results in increased SG formation and protein kinase R (PKR/EIF2AK2) phosphorylation, we speculate that DHX36 is involved in resolution of rG4 induced cellular stress.
Fibroadipogenic progenitors are responsible for muscle loss in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B
Authors: Hogarth Marshall W. , Defour Aurelia , Lazarski Christopher , Gallardo Eduard , Diaz Manera Jordi , Partridge Terence A. , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Jaiswal Jyoti K.
Published: June 2019

Muscle loss due to fibrotic or adipogenic replacement of myofibers is common in muscle diseases and muscle-resident fibro/adipogenic precursors (FAPs) are implicated in this process. While FAP-mediated muscle fibrosis is widely studied in muscle diseases, the role of FAPs in adipogenic muscle loss is not well understood. Adipogenic muscle loss is a feature of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) – a disease caused by mutations in dysferlin. Here we show that FAPs cause the adipogenic loss of dysferlin deficient muscle. Progressive accumulation of Annexin A2 (AnxA2) in the myofiber matrix causes FAP differentiation into adipocytes. Lack of AnxA2 prevents FAP adipogenesis, protecting against adipogenic loss of dysferlinopathic muscle while exogenous AnxA2 enhances muscle loss. Pharmacological inhibition of FAP adipogenesis arrests adipogenic replacement and degeneration of dysferlin-deficient muscle. These results demonstrate the pathogenic role of FAPs in LGMD2B and establish these cells as therapeutic targets to ameliorate muscle loss in patients.
Sex-specific association between gut microbiome and fat distribution
Authors: Min Yan , Ma Xiaoguang , Sankaran Kris , Ru Yuan , Chen Lijin , Baiocchi Mike , Zhu Shankuan
Published: June 2019

The gut microbiome has been linked to host obesity; however, sex-specific associations between microbiome and fat distribution are not well understood. Here we show sex-specific microbiome signatures contributing to obesity despite both sexes having similar gut microbiome characteristics, including overall abundance and diversity. Our comparisons of the taxa associated with the android fat ratio in men and women found that there is no widespread species-level overlap. We did observe overlap between the sexes at the genus and family levels in the gut microbiome, such asHoldemanellaandGemmiger; however, they had opposite correlations with fat distribution in men and women. Our findings support a role for fat distribution in sex-specific relationships with the composition of the microbiome. Our results suggest that studies of the gut microbiome and abdominal obesity-related disease outcomes should account for sex-specific differences.
T2* weighted Deconvolution of NMR Spectra: Application to 2D Homonuclear MAS Solid-State NMR of Membrane Proteins
Authors: V. S. Manu , Gopinath Tata , Wang Songlin , Veglia Gianluigi
Published: June 2019

2D homonuclear NMR spectroscopy is an essential technique to characterize small and large molecules, such as organic compounds, metabolites, and biomacromolecules at atomic resolution. However, for complex samples 2D homonuclear spectra display poor resolution, making spectral assignment very cumbersome. Here, we propose a new method that exploits the differential T2* relaxation times of individual resonances and resolves the 2D NMR peaks into pseudo-3D spectra, where time is the 3rd dimension. T2* weIghted DEconvolution or TIDE analyzes individual free induction decays (FIDs) and dissects them into sub-FIDs that are transformed into pseudo-3D spectra combining Fourier transformation and covariance NMR. TIDE achieves higher resolution and sensitivity for NMR spectra than classical covariance NMR reducing offset-dependent artifacts. We demonstrate the performance of TIDE for magic angle spinning (MAS) [13C,13C]-DARR NMR spectra of single- and multi-span membrane proteins embedded in lipid bilayers. Since TIDE is applicable to all type of homonuclear correlation experiments for liquid and solid samples, we anticipate that it will be a general method for processing NMR data of biomacromolecules, complex mixtures of metabolites as well as material samples.
Disruption of cyanobacterial γ-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway reduces metabolites levels in tricarboxylic acid cycle, but enhances pyruvate and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation
Authors: Monshupanee Tanakarn , Chairattanawat Chayanee , Incharoensakdi Aran
Published: June 2019

The photoautotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 assimilates carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source, and a major portion of the assimilated carbon is metabolically consumed by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Effects of partial interference of TCA cycle metabolic activity on other carbon metabolism have yet to be examined. Here, the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt, one of the metabolic pathways for completing TCA cycle in Synechocystis, was disrupted via inactivating the glutamate decarboxylase gene (gdc). Under normal photoautotrophic condition, cell growth and the level of the TCA cycle metabolites succinate, malate and citrate were decreased by 25%, 35%, 19% and 28%, respectively, in Δgdc mutant relative to those in the wild type (WT). The cellular levels of glycogen and total lipids of the Δgdc mutant were comparable to those of the WT, but the intracellular levels of pyruvate and bioplastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were 1.23- and 2.50-fold higher, respectively, in Δgdc mutant. Thus, disruption of the GABA shunt pathway reduced the TCA cycle metabolites levels, but positively enhanced the bioaccumulation of pyruvate and PHB. The PHB production rate in Δgdc mutant was 2.0-fold higher than in the WT under normal photoautotrophy.
Reduction in H3K4me patterns due to aberrant expression of methyltransferases and demethylases in renal cell carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: Kumar Aman , Kumari Niti , Sharma Ujjawal , Ram Sant , Singh Shrawan Kumar , Kakkar Nandita , Kaushal Karanvir , Prasad Rajendra
Published: June 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the leading cause among cancer-related deaths due to urological cancers, which results in response to combination of genetic and epigenetic factors. Histone methylations have been implicated in renal tumorigenesis but their clinical significance and underlying pathology are unexplored. Here, we elucidated the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation patterns in clear cell RCC and its underlying pathology. Lower cellular levels of H3K4 mono-methylation, -dimethylation and –tri-methylation were fraternized with higher TNM staging and Fuhrman grading as well as tumor metastasis. Further, the expression profile of 20 H3K4 modifiers revealed the significant over-expression of histone demethylases compared to methyltransferases, indicating their role in the reduction of H3K4 methylation levels. In view of above facts, the role of LSD2 and KDM5A demethylases in RCC pathogenesis were explored using respective siRNAs. The RCC cells exhibited reduced cell viability after knockdown of LSD2 and KDM5A genes with concomitant induction of apoptosis. In addition, propidium iodide staining demonstrated an arrest of RCC cells at S-phase and sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these observations provide new pathological insights behind the alterations of H3K4 methylation patterns in ccRCC with their prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Synthesis, characterization, photoluminescence, anti-tumor activity, DFT calculations and molecular docking with proteins of zinc(ii) halogen substituted terpyridine compounds
Authors: Liang Xing , Jiang Jinzhang , Xue Xingyong , Huang Ling , Ding Xuanxuan , Nong Dongmei , Chen Hailan , Pan Lixia , Ma Zhen
Published: June 2019

Study on the synthesis, characterization, photoluminescence and anti-tumor activity of a series of zinc(ii) halogen substituted terpyridine complexes.
One-step rapid synthesis of fluorescent silicon nanodots for a hydrogen peroxide-related sensitive and versatile assay based on the inner filter effect
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Wu Li , Wan Yuqi , Huang Lulu , Li Ningxing , Chen Jinyang , Lai Guosong
Published: June 2019

This work presents a new synthesis method of fluorescent SiNDs which was further applied in the construction of hydrogen peroxide-related sensitive and versatile biochemical sensor.
Microfluidic co-culture of liver tumor spheroids with stellate cells for the investigation of drug resistance and intercellular interactions
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Sun Wei , Kang Lu , Wang Yuerong , Zhang Min , Zhang Hongyang , Hu Ping
Published: June 2019

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a major component of the tumor microenvironment in liver cancer, play important roles in cancer progression as well as drug resistance.
A dual-mode fluorometric/colorimetric sensor for Cu2+ detection based on hybridized carbon dots and gold–silver core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Lian Yawen , Huang Mengna , Wei Lin , Xiao Lehui
Published: June 2019

A fluorometric and colorimetric dual mode sensing platform based on hybridized carbon dots (Cdots) and gold–silver core–shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag NPs) has been established for the sensitive detection of trace Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution.
Multilayer graphene functionalized through thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with imino esters: a versatile platform for supported ligands in catalysis
Authors: Ferrándiz-Saperas Marcos , Ghisolfi Alessio , Cazorla-Amorós Diego , Nájera Carmen , Sansano José M.
Published: June 2019

Multilayer graphene (MLG), obtained by mild sonication of graphite, was functionalized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with azomethine ylides and used as a heterogeneous N,O-chelating ligand to coordinate iridium atomic centers.
Recent developments in the construction of metallacycle/metallacage-cored supramolecular polymers via hierarchical self-assembly
Authors: Li Bo , He Tian , Fan Yiqi , Yuan Xinchao , Qiu Huayu , Yin Shouchun
Published: June 2019

This feature article summarized the recent progress on the construction of metallacycle/metallacage-cored supramolecular polymers by the hierarchical self-assembly, and the potential applications in the areas of light emitting, sensing, bio-imaging, delivery and release, etc., are also presented.
The solvent effect on the photodeprotection of anthraquinone protected carboxylic acid unravelled by time-resolved spectroscopic studies
Authors: Guo Yan , Song Qingqing , Xu Tongyu , Ma Jiani , Phillips David Lee
Published: June 2019

Time-resolved spectroscopy studies coupled with the results from density functional theory (DFT) computations unraveled the photodeprotection reaction mechanism(s) of AQ protected p-methoxybenzoic acid and the solvent effect on the photodeprotection.
A novel one-pot facile economic approach for the mass synthesis of exfoliated multilayered nitrogen-doped graphene-like nanosheets: new insights into the mechanistic study
Authors: Mohamed Marwa A. A. , Elessawy Noha A. , Carrasco-Marín Francisco , Hamad Hesham A. F.
Published: June 2019

A novel promising strategy for the mass production of N-doped graphene (NG) provided with newly proposed mechanistic insights into the grown NG structure.
Monte Carlo simulations of stereocomplex formation in multiblock copolymers
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyan , Liu Rongjuan , Nie Yijing , Liu Yong , Liang Zhaopeng , Yang Jun , Zhou Zhiping , Hao Tongfan
Published: June 2019

Local miscibility and relative size of block length and crystal thickness codetermine stereocomplex formation in multiblock copolymers.
A time-resolved photoelectron imaging study on isolated tolane: observation of the biradicalic 1Au state
Authors: Flock Marco , Bosse Lea , Kaiser Dustin , Engels Bernd , Fischer Ingo
Published: June 2019

Tolane (diphenylacetylene, C14H10) was studied by picosecond time-resolved photoionisation and photoelectron imaging in a supersonic jet.
Threshold photoelectron spectrum of the CH2OO Criegee intermediate
Authors: Chicharro David V. , Poullain Sonia Marggi , Bañares Luis , Hrodmarsson Helgi Rafn , García Gustavo A. , Loison Jean-Christophe
Published: June 2019

We present the photoelectron spectroscopy of the simplest Criegee intermediate, CH2OO, close to the first ionization energy.
Lithium ion dynamics in LiZr2(PO4)3 and Li1.4Ca0.2Zr1.8(PO4)3
Authors: Hanghofer Isabel , Gadermaier Bernhard , Wilkening Alexandra , Rettenwander Daniel , Wilkening H. Martin R.
Published: June 2019

7Li NMR reveals rapid cation exchange processes in NASICON-type Li1.4Ca0.2Zr1.8(PO4)3 on a local length scale.
Understanding electronic effects on carboxylate-assisted C–H activation at ruthenium: the importance of kinetic and thermodynamic control
Authors: Alharis Raed A. , McMullin Claire L. , Davies David L. , Singh Kuldip , Macgregor Stuart A.
Published: June 2019

C–H activation processes may show contradictory substituent effects depending on the reaction conditions: under kinetic control ligands with electron-releasing substituents are favoured, whereas the opposite trend is seen under thermodynamic control.
Contrasting reactivity of fluorinated 2,6-heptanediones towards amines and ammonia, leading to cyclohexanediones or 2-oxa-6-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes and evaluation of their cytotoxicity
Authors: Pikun Nadiia V. , Kolesnyk Natalya P. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Plotniece Aiva , Sobolev Arkadij , Domracheva Ilona , Shermolovich Yuriy G.
Published: June 2019

Synthesis and cytotoxic studies of cyclohexanediones and 2-oxa-6-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes obtained in reaction of fluorinated 2,6-hetanediones with amines and ammonia respectively.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives as potent antitumor agents
Authors: Hu Gang , Wang Chu , Xin Xin , Li Shuaikang , Li Zefei , Zhao Yanfang , Gong Ping
Published: June 2019

Two series of 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives possessing triazolopiperazine or 1,4,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one scaffolds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity.
Nanosized iron telluride for simultaneous nanomolar voltammetric determination of dopamine, uric acid, guanine and adenine
Authors: Pradhan Susmita , Pramanik Susmita , Das Dipak K. , Bhar Radhaballabh , Bandyopadhyay Rajib , Millner Paul , Pramanik Panchanan
Published: June 2019

Herein, an efficient electrochemical sensor based on nano-sized iron telluride material (FeTe2) have been developed for the first time for simultaneous nanomolar determination of dopamine, uric acid, guanine and adenine molecules.
Enhanced photolysis stability of Cu2O grown on Cu nanowires with nanoscale twin boundaries
Authors: Huang Chun-Lung , Weng Wei-Lun , Huang Yan-Syun , Liao Chien-Neng
Published: June 2019

Superior photolysis stability of cuprous oxide grown on twinned Cu nanowires.
The mechanics of single cross-links which mediate cell attachment at a hydrogel surface
Authors: Çolak Arzu , Li Bin , Blass Johanna , Koynov Kaloian , del Campo Aranzazu , Bennewitz Roland
Published: June 2019

The mechanical properties of single cross-links which mediate cell adhesion are explored by force spectroscopy.
In situ high-potential-driven surface restructuring of ternary AgPd–Ptdilute aerogels with record-high performance improvement for formate oxidation electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Jiali , Chen Fuyi , Jin Yachao , Guo Longfei , Gong Xiaofang , Wang Xiaolu , Johnston Roy L.
Published: June 2019

The in situ high-potential-driven restructuring of ternary AgPd–Ptdilute aerogels exhibits unprecedented activity improvement for formate electrooxidation.
Enhancing the efficiency of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals via simultaneous surface peeling and surface passivation
Authors: Shen Xinyu , Wang Shixun , Zhang Xiangtong , Wang Hua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Congcong , Gao Yanbo , Shi Zhifeng , Yu William W. , Zhang Yu
Published: June 2019

A mechanism of simultaneous surface peeling and passivation by choosing an appropriate treatment time with ammonium hexafluorophosphate was verified to improve the PLQY of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) PNCs covering the entire visible spectra effectively.
Self-Z-scheme plasmonic tungsten oxide nanowires for boosting ethanol dehydrogenation under UV-visible light irradiation
Authors: Lu Changhai , Li Juan , Chen Guanying , Li Baojun , Lou Zaizhu
Published: June 2019

Plasmonic WO3−x with self-Z-scheme structure leads to a synergetic effect of combined UV and visible irradiation to boost ethanol dehydrogenation for aldehyde generation.
Design of thiazole orange oligonucleotide probes for detection of DNA and RNA by fluorescence and duplex melting
Authors: Klimkowski Piotr , De Ornellas Sara , Singleton Daniel , El-Sagheer Afaf H. , Brown Tom
Published: June 2019

We report fluorogenic duplex-stabilising thiazole orange (TO) functionalised oligonucleotides for nucleic acid detection in which TO is attached to the nucleobase or sugar of thymidine.
Large solubility of lithium carboxylates reaching high rates of 6Li incorporation in polystyrene-based plastic scintillators for fast/thermal neutron and gamma ray detection
Authors: Frangville Camille , Hamel Matthieu , Bertrand Guillaume H. V. , Montbarbon Eva , Grabowski Amélie , Lynde Clément
Published: June 2019

6Li-Doped plastic scintillators (PSs) have been optimized as radioluminescent sensors for detection of fast/thermal neutrons and gamma rays for several purposes such as homeland security.
Influence of traces of oxidized polymer on the performances of bulk heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Perthué Anthony , Gorisse Thérèse , Santos Silva Hugo , Bégué Didier , Rivaton Agnès , Wantz Guillaume
Published: June 2019

An innovative bottom-up approach was used to reveal the importance of traces of polymer oxidation products in altering solar cell efficiency.
Highly efficient synthesis of hydrogen-bonded aromatic tetramers as macrocyclic receptors for selective recognition of lithium ions
Authors: Guo Xuwen , Yang Yizhou , Peng Zhiyong , Cai Yimin , Feng Wen , Yuan Lihua
Published: June 2019

Lithium ion receptor based on novel hydrogen-bonded aromatic tetramer biphenyl-cyclo[4]aramide has been developed.
Freestanding CNT-modified graphitic carbon foam as a flexible anode for potassium ion batteries
Authors: Zeng Sifan , Zhou Xuefeng , Wang Bin , Feng Yuezhan , Xu Rui , Zhang Haibin , Peng Shuming , Yu Yan
Published: June 2019

The CNTs/GCF shows long and stable discharge plateaus and the hybrid potassium storage mechanism of surface adsorption and intercalation.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Confrontation Naming Assessment for Aphasia Using Computer Adaptive Testing
Authors: Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Hula William D. , Swiderski Alexander M. , Lei Chia-Ming , Kellough Stacey
Published: June 2019

Purpose

In this study, we investigated the agreement between the 175-item Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT;
Roach, Schwartz, Martin, Grewal, & Brecher, 1996
) and a 30-item computer adaptive PNT (PNT-CAT;
Fergadiotis, Kellough, & Hula, 2015
;
Hula, Kellough, & Fergadiotis, 2015
) created using item response theory (IRT) methods.

Method

The full PNT and the PNT-CAT were administered to 47 participants with aphasia in counterbalanced order. Latent trait-naming ability estimates for the 2 PNT versions were analyzed in a Bayesian framework, and the agreement between them was evaluated using correlation and measures of constant, variable, and total error. We also evaluated the extent to which individual pairwise differences were credibly greater than 0 and whether the IRT measurement model provided an adequate indication of the precision of individual score estimates.

Results

The agreement between the PNT and the PNT-CAT was strong, as indicated by high correlation (
r
= .95, 95% CI [.92, .97]), negligible bias, and low variable and total error. The number of statistically robust pairwise score differences did not credibly exceed the Type I error rate, and the precision of individual score estimates was reasonably well predicted by the IRT model.

Discussion

The strong agreement between the full PNT and the PNT-CAT suggests that the latter is a suitable measurement of anomia in group studies. The relatively robust estimates of score precision also suggest that the PNT-CAT can be useful for the clinical assessment of anomia in individual cases. Finally, the IRT methods used to construct the PNT-CAT provide a framework for additional development to further reduce measurement error.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8202176