bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Economy: The Role of Estate Surveyors and Valuer
Authors: Ajibola M. O. , Oluwunmi A. O. , Kabiamaowei A. I. , Owolabi D. R. , Akinwale O. M.
Published: October 2019

The continuous existence of man is dependent on the free goods and services (e.g. water, air purification, fisheries, timber production and nutrient cycling) provided by his natural environment. Due to the public nature of these goods and services, they are not traded in the open markets hence, they are regarded as not having market prices. As a result, the current economic system fails to capture their losses and this may continue for long if care is not taken. Unless economic decisions (and the associated implications of development options) are made based on valuing the invisible aspects of ecosystems, unfriendly environmental decisions may continue to be taken that will culminate into economic, social and environmental cost which may be unmanageable. It is therefore expedient that a Green Economy with consideration for the immense value of biodiversity and ecosystems be incorporated by both corporate and governmental agencies so as to ensure a sustainable development progression in an economy. In achieving sustainable green economy, the appropriate stakeholders should pay particular attention to the value of natural capital in any policy decision. Hence, this study examined the roles of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESVs) in a green economy. Exploratory approach was employed in carrying out the study. Literature review technique was adopted to examine the various aspects of the economy and the roles of ESVs that help in greening the economy. The study identify the roles of ESVs in greening an economy to include: ensuring the use of renewable energy instead of fossil fuel in their management properties, adoption of efficient technology that consumes less energy, advising on waste minimization and appropriate waste management approaches, giving consideration to ecosystem services while carrying out development valuation and finally promoting decent jobs that takes cognisance of employee’s welfare, job security and career prospects. The study therefore recommends that the time has come for Estate Surveyors and Valuers to be actively involved in greening Nigerian economy.
Analytical Form of Sputtering in Relation to Surface Binding Energy for Different Types of Perovskites
Authors: Akinpelu Akinwumi , Oyewande Oluwole E. , Adaeze  , Emuobor Arijaje T. , Olawole C , Ogunrionola I , Paul Ogundile O.
Published: October 2019

In recent years, perovskite materials have been the focus in solar cell fabrication industry. Herein, an investigation was conducted on the effect of ion-solid interactions on factors are responsible for differences in the properties of these perovskite materials by using a Monte Carlo simulations of ion beam surface sputtering. A connection was established between the experimental efficiencies of solar cells of these materials and both projected yield and sputter yield of these structurally alike perovskite materials.
Performance Evaluation of Inverter-equipped Drive to Regulate the Speed of Motor and Cooling Output of Air Conditioner
Authors: Sheu Akeem Lawal , Adagunodo Theophilus Aanuoluwa
Published: October 2019

The Inverter-equipped Drive designed and constructed in this paper adopts a solid state electronic conversion system using Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) control method coupled with AC – DC Converter and DC – AC Converter technology. The method involves the assemblage of DC Power Supply Unit, Monitoring and Control Units and Power Unit. The DC Power Supply Unit in the design supplies power to the entire system by converting the incoming 230VAC of fixed 50Hz into 150VAC through a step – down transformer. A bridge rectifier converts the transformer output voltage to a varying DC voltage, which in turn is passed through an electronic filter to convert it to an unregulated DC voltage. This DC voltage is then converted back into AC voltage through the use of IGBT electronic power transistors using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. The entire process is controlled by a microcontroller (PIC18F4431) which monitors the incoming voltage supply, speed set-point, DC link voltage, output voltage and current by sampling the current ambient air temperature and adjust the speed of the compressor appropriately. The results showed the corresponding actual speeds, frequencies, the current drawn by the motor, stator voltage, consumption power, and torque – characteristics are observed for both conventional and inverter-equipped drive air conditioner.
Effect of Feature Selection on Performance of Internet Traffic Classification on NIMS Multi-Class dataset
Authors: Oluranti Jonathan , Omoregbe Nicholas , Misra Sanjay
Published: October 2019

The challenges faced by networks nowadays can be solved to a great extent by the application of accurate network traffic classification. Internet network traffic classification is responsible for associating network traffic with the application generating them and helps in the area of network monitoring, Quality of Service management, among other. Traditional methods of traffic classification including port-based, payload-load based, host-based, behavior-based exhibit a number of limitations that range from high computational cost to inability to access encrypted packets for the purpose of classification. Machine learning techniques based on statistical properties are now being employed to overcome the limitations of existing techniques. However, the high number of features of flows that serve as input to the learning machine poses a great challenge that requires the application of a pre-processing stage known as feature selection. Too many irrelevant and redundant features affect predictive accuracy and performance of the learning machine. This work analyses experimentally, the effect of a collection of ranking-basedfilter feature selection methods on a multi-class dataset for traffic classification. In the first stage, the proposed Top-N criterionis applied to the feature sets obtained, while in the second stage we generate for each Top-N set of features a new dataset which is applied as input to a set of four machine learning algorithms (classifiers).Experimental results show the viability of our model as a tool for selecting the optimal subset of features which when applied, lead to improvement of accuracy and performance of the traffic classification process.
Fraud prediction in bank loan administration using decision tree
Authors: Eweoya I O , Adebiyi A A , Azeta A A , Azeta Angela E
Published: October 2019

The rate at which banks looses funds to loan beneficiaries due to loan default is alarming. This trend has led to the closure of many banks, potential beneficiaries deprived of access to loan; and many workers losing their jobs in the banks and other sectors. This work uses past loan records based on the employment of machine learning to predict fraud in bank loan administration and subsequently avoid loan default that manual scrutiny by a credit officer would not have discovered. However, such hidden patterns are revealed by machine learning. Statistical and conventional approaches in this direction are restricted in their accuracy capabilities. With a large volume and variety of data, credit history judgement by man is inefficient; case-based, analogy-based reasoning and statistical approaches have been employed but the 21st century fraudulent attempts cannot be discovered by these approaches, hence; the machine learning approach using the decision tree method to predict fraud and it delivers an accuracy of 75.9 percent.
Twitter Sentiment Based Mining for Decision Making using Text Classifiers with Learning by Induction
Authors: Babafemi Odusote , Itakpe Jonathan D. , Afolabi Ibukun T.
Published: October 2019

The amount of data residing in social media currently untapped is certainly limitless as millions of people are constantly posting a message or the other to public forums on the internet. Twitter being one of the largest social media networks with over 336 million monthly active users has proven to be a fertile ground for harvesting opinion from multiple people. This work explores how opinion can be extracted from tweets to discover people’s view concerning a certain subject matter. It focuses mainly on overcoming the limitation of the current approach to social media sentiment based mining for decision making which is that opinions derived from multiple sources are limited to available connections on the social media platforms and lack of improved accuracy of mined opinions. In order to achieve this, the proposed framework provides a platform to mine opinions from more than the available friends and connections on the social media platform and in addition, improve the quality of the opinion mined by implementing supervised learning algorithms with learning by induction in Twitter data analysis.

In this research, three different supervised machine learning algorithms were applied to a dataset curated by graduate students at Stanford in order to accurately classify tweets into either positive or negative sentiment based on its content. It was discovered that Maximum Entropy had the highest accuracy of 83.5% among the three algorithms. The research has provided a web application which would enable users such as CEOs, Market Analysts, and random users make quality decision based on others’ opinions.
Maximum and Minimum Temperatures in South-Western Nigeria: Time trends, Seasonality and Persistence
Authors: Ogunsola O.E. , Yaya O.S.
Published: October 2019

Global temperature which is obtained as the average of both the zonal and national temperatures is a very fundamental quantity in determining global warming. The difference between the monthly diurnal temperature range (DTR) changes at different locations of the world is also responsible for the current warming being experienced worldwide. Monthly maximum and minimum temperature data for the South-western region of Nigeria (January, 1979 – December, 2014) obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Lagos were analyzed for their time trends, seasonality and persistence using standard statistical procedures including the fractional integration approach. The results of analyses obtained showed that significant positive time trend coefficients were obtained for the minimum temperature, while negative coefficients were obtained for the DTR at the stations considered which implied that global warming is also being experienced in this region of the country.
Geophysical Investigation of Building Foundation in Part of Ilorin, North Central Nigeria Using Electrical Resistivity Method
Authors: Egbeyale G. B. , Ogunseye T. T. , Ozegin K.O.
Published: October 2019

Electrical resistivity method has been performed using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique at a Bishop Smith Memorial College, Ilorin, Kwara State to examine the geophysical parameters that can be used to evaluate the subsurface competency. Eight VES stations were sounded, using Schlumberger configuration for data acquisition with current electrode spacing varying from 1.0 to 140.0 m. The VES data obtained were interpreted using ipi2win+ip Software. The field data acquired was presented as geoelectric sounding curves and geoelectric section. The interpretation of the field results revealed heterogeneous subsurface geologic sequence probed to 34.6 m and beyond. It also showed presence of near surface linear geologic structures of varying lengths, depths and attitude which suggest the competent zones for foundation laying. The major subsurface layers are the top soil which consists of interlocking and concretional lateritic stones and clayey sand, weathered basement, fractured basement and fresh basement. For building development in the study area, the topsoil must be excavated to at least the Fresh basement (competent layer) to avoid building deformation.
Evaluation of Structural Stability by Characterization of Lateritic Soils with Rock Flour along Ibadan-Iwo-Osogbo Highway, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Omowumi Ademila
Published: October 2019

Failures of different categories of roads shortly after being opened to traffic have necessitated the need for sustainable alternative road building materials. This study determines the potential of rock flour on the geotechnical properties of lateritic soils with a view to establish the optimum content of the rock flour required for effective stabilization and proffer lasting remediation measures to the incessant road failures. Ten bulk lateritic soil samples were collected from ten trial pits at depths of 1.5 m in different locations of the study area. Index and engineering property tests were performed on the soils, both in their natural and stabilized states by adding 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% rock flour contents. In addition, CBR – UCS model was used to establish a third order polynomial to correlate the soil-rock flour mix. The results show that the plasticity and linear shrinkage of the soils decreased with increase in rock flour contents. The MDD of rock flour stabilized soils increase with the maximum improvement observed at 10% by weight of rock flour with the corresponding decrease in OMC. The load bearing capacities (LBC) of the soils increase with the stabilization mix. It was observed that the values meet the requirements for good quality subgrade, subbase materials and some of the soils for base materials in road construction. The results also reveal the improvement of the soil properties. This is further confirmed by the increase in UCS and shear strength of the soils which optimally improved on addition of 8% rock flour. Moreover, the addition of more than 8% by weight of rock flour caused reduction in UCS and shear strength. These results show the stabilizing potentials of rock flour on lateritic soils especially when added at the optimum level. The CBR - UCS models established are in form of third order polynomial (ax3- bx2 + cx +d) with the R2 values, 0.672 and 0.528 which indicate positive correlation of the soil-rock flour mix. Therefore, rock flour can potentially stabilize lateritic soils solely with addition of 8% recommended as an optimum content for stabilizing lateritic soils for road constructions.
The encumbrance of constructing on a swampy terrain
Authors: Nkem Ede Anthony , Emmanuel Salami Omobolaji , Michael Olofinnade Oluwarotimi , David Oyeyemi Kehinde
Published: October 2019

All through the ages, the provision of shelter has remained an ever-present challenge of mankind. Perennial difficulties of shelter provision are posed by varying strains dependent of numerous conflicting factors. Civil engineering and other specialty of science and humanity join hands in providing solutions to man’s basic housing and infrastructural needs, thereby adding values to what nature has provided. Constructing on different terrains cost different amount of resources and energy. This research evaluates the burden of constructing on swampy terrain. Mende-Maryland in Lagos is adopted as the area of study. This research analyzed the methods of constructing a duplex on a swampy terrain and modelled the behaviour of the same structure on a normal terrain. Successively, the economic burden of constructing on a swampy terrain is compared to that of constructing on a normal terrain. The result showed that constructing on a swampy terrain is a cost intensive process with the cost of pile foundation alone taking about 38 percent of the whole cost of construction when compared to the 17 percent cost of raft foundation for a normal terrain. This cost will go higher when the cost of engaging experts and equipment for soil consolidation, construction of superstructures on weak terrain and extra safety measures are computed.
Compressional-Shear Velocity Model of “Toki” Field using Support Vector Regression, Offshore Niger Delta
Authors: Adeniran A.E , Aizebeokhai A.P
Published: October 2019

Shear sonic log is invaluable for fluid and lithological classification. For most fields in the Niger Delta, shear sonic log are rarely acquired along with the compressional sonic log. Where acquired, they are usually very few relative to the number of wells. Hence, there is a need to derive shear velocity from the compressional sonic log. Most of the available models such as Castagna’s mud-rock model are not calibrated to suit the Niger Delta basin. Existing localized models are based on non-robust linear models such as the Ogagarue's localized compressional and shear velocity models for Niger Delta sedimentary region. These models are not reliable in the presence of hydrocarbon and anisotropy. A robust support vector regression (SVR) machine learning algorithm has been used to predict the relationship between compressional velocity and shear velocity. This study shows that in the Niger Delta, shear velocity can be predicted from compressional velocity with relatively high accuracy by using machine learning algorithms such as support vector regression. The mean-square error (MSE) obtained using Castagna’s and Ogagarue's models compared with acquired data are 1.8 and 2.3 times that of the value obtained using support vector regression respectively.
Assessment of Environmental Impact in Soil Samples from Selected Market Dumpsites in Ikorodu Metropolis, Lagos State, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Oyebanjo O.A. , Sowole O. , Oyebanjo O.O. , Ayedun F. , Adagunodo T.A. , Falayi E.O.
Published: October 2019

The study assessed the environmental impact of selected market waste dumpsites in soil samples in Ikorodu metropolis in order to determine the effect of the level of health hazard on the residents of Ikorodu community. The measurement was carried out using a Gamma ray Spectrometer NaI (TI)detector coupled to a Multichannel analyser for spectral analysis. Results revealed that the activity concentration of 40K in soil samples ranged from 14.84±1.07 BqKg−1 to 82.01±5.54 BqKg−1 with the highest found in Adamo Market and the lowest was found in Benson market. The activity concentration of 238U ranged from 0.029±0.05 BqKg−1 to 7.65±0.9 BqKg−1 with the highest found in Agunfoye Market and the lowest found in Benson Market. The activity concentrations of 232Th ranged from 1.68±0.14 BqKg−1 to 3.93±0.28 BqKg−1, the highest concentration was found in Agunfoye Market and the lowest was found in Ayangburen Market. The values were within the safety limit recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) with mean value of 13.5 - 69.8 BqKg−1. The Absorbed Dose Rate, Outdoor, Annual Effective Dose Rate, and the Internal and External Hazard Index was also calculated from the activity concentrations which shows that the absorbed dose rates due to gamma rays at 1m above the ground in the study area were within the range of 1.99 nGyh−1 to 7.06 nGyh−1 with an average of 4.08 nGyh−1 which is lower than the UNSCEAR average value of 59 nGyh−1. The annual effective doses are within the range of 0.00 to 0.01 mSvy−1 with an average value of 0.01 mSvy−1 which were lower when compared with the UNSCEAR value of 0.5 mSvy−1 and 0.07 mSvy−1 respectively. The External Hazard Index in the soil samples ranges from 0.01 to 0.04 with an average value of 0.02 and the Internal Hazard Index ranges from 0.01 to 0.06 with an average value of 0.03 both of which were below the permissible limit respectively, and less than 1. However, the values of the radiological parameters were below the UNSCEAR recommended international limits of 370Bq/kg and within the tolerance level indicating minimal radiological health burden on the people living in the study areas.
In-vitro Anti-Microbial Studies and GC/MS Analysis of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Polyalthia longifolia (Engl. & Diels) Verde
Authors: Olanrewaju Ifedolapo O. , Mordi Raphael C. , Echeme Johnbull O. , Bolade Oladotun P. , Bashir Musa , Ekwuribe Silas , Ayo-Ajayi Joan I.
Published: October 2019

Extensive studies show that secondary metabolites in plants, used for centuries in traditional medicine, offer new sources of drugs. In the traditional setting, extracts from various parts of the plant Polyalthia longifolia (mast tree) are used in treating several ailments but the components of these extracts, which would allow for meaningful dosage, are not known. We therefore decided to examine the antimicrobial activity by testing on selected microorganisms and identify the volatile components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the leaf extracts of Polyalthia longifolia (mast tree). The crude leaf extract and fractions derived from the crude exhibited anti-microbial activity against two (2) bacteria and two (2) fungi. The chloroform fraction was very active against Salmonella typhi (13.00±0.82) when compared to fractions in other solvents. The GC-MS analysis showed that the extracts were composed fatty acids and their ester along with some long chain aldehydes, like hexadecenal and tetradecenal, and Caryophyllene and Aromandendrene. These chemical constituents may be responsible for the pharmacological and therapeutic activities of this plant.
Development of national health-based target for regulating airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in Nigeria
Authors: Etchie T O , Etchie A T , Oluwasanya P , Shen H
Published: October 2019

Recent studies in different localities in Nigeria report high concentrations of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) –a group of ubiquitous hazardous chemicals produced by incomplete combustion or pyrolysis processes. Inhalation exposure to PAHs has been shown to elicit both cancer and non-cancer adverse effects. Yet, there is currently no national guideline for regulating exposure to airborne PAHs in Nigeria. In this study, we developed national health-based target for 16 priority PAHs using literature information on the toxicity of the PAHs, the baseline severities of the diseases in Nigeria and the population demography. We developed ourhealth-based target (ng/m3) from 10cancers and 34 non-cancer adverse health outcomes linked to PAH exposure. Our proposed limits for the PAHs ranged from 0.02 ng/m3 for dibenzo[a,h]anthracene to 1.0 ng/m3 for benzo[g,h,i]perylene – the most or least toxic PAH, respectively. On the basis ofbenzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration, ournational PAH limit of 0.15 ng/m3is however less stringent than the global PAH limit of 0.12 ng/m3.
Ground radiometric survey for assessment of environmental radioactivity in a fertilized farmland: a case history in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ekhaguere O. A. , Alatise O. O. , Oyeyemi K. D.
Published: October 2019

Soils in their natural state contain radionuclides and heavy metals at different concentrations which may be increased by the use of fertilizers. When the concentrations of radionuclides and in soils are higher in value than the recommended limits, this may pose health concern. In this study, absorbed dose rate was measured in-situ at thirty-five station points in the farmland using a caesium Iodide-based GammaRAE II R full range dosimeter held at gonald height above the surface. Results of the in-situ absorbed dose rate in air are presented and the potential risks to the farmers and near-by residents are equally assessed. The results revealed that the measured absorbed dose rate (ADRA) in the farm is high which is likely to be connected to the use of fertilizer in the farmland. It is highly recommended that the management of the farm should reduce the use of fertilizer but rather use natural organic manure that is less toxic. Also, a routine check on environmental radioactivity of the farmland should be done regularly for adequate monitoring.
A comparative study of elements relationship in sediment of Anambra Drainage Basin in wet and dry season and its sustainable management
Authors: Ayogu C.N. , Phil-eze P.O. , Ayogu N.O. , Iweanya R.I.
Published: October 2019

This research is aimed at examining geo-chemistry of stream sediment in the Anambra Drainage Basin. Twelve sediment samples were collected using sediment grab from the six sub basins and analyzed for 21 parameters in the wet and dry season. The selected 21 parameters are -clay, silt, fine sand, coarse sand, pH/H2O, KCL, carbon, organic matter, nitrates, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, aluminum, hydrogen, phosphorus, manganese, zinc and iron. There was a significant relationship (r=>.661, p<0.05) between variables-base saturation and potassium chloride; organic matter and carbon; nitrates and clay; hydrogen and pH/H2O; fine sand and clay; manganese and fine sand; hydrogen and potassium chloride; manganese and CEC; coarse sand and silt; calcium and fine sand together with manganese and coarse sand. The sources of sediment were from natural and artificial origin. The basin requires management to ensure its sustainability.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Adsorption of Rhodamine B onto Bentonite Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Nanocomposite
Authors: Dada Adewumi O. , Adekola Folahan. A. , Odebunmi Ezekiel. O. , Inyinbor Adejumoke. A. , Akinyemi Banjo A , Adesewa Ilesanmi, D.
Published: October 2019

Bentonite clay supported nanoscale zerovalent iron (BC-nZVI) composite was successfully prepared. BC-nZVI was characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Surface area as determined by sear’s method is 291.2 cm2. Adsorption operational parameters were investigated in a batch technique. At 500 mg/L initial concentration, 120 minutes contact time and pH 3, 454.81 mg/g quantity was adsorbed. The highest adsorption percentage removal efficiency was obtained at room temperature. Kinetic data fitted best to pseudo second order and the mechanism was diffusion governed. The kinetic models were further validated by sum of square error (SSE) and non-linear Chi-square statistical models (X2). The values of the thermodynamic parameters: standard enthalpy change ΔH (-10.597 Jmol−1)to (-5558 Jmol−1.), standard entropy change, ΔS (-277.804 J mol−1 K−1)- to (-139.2595 J mol−1K−1) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) revealed that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The performance of BC-nZVI enlisted it as a great potential adsorbent for effective removal of Rhodamine B and therefore recommended for application in industrial effluent treatment.
Characterization of Nanoformulations from Montmorillonite clay for the decontamination of zearalenonein cereals using X-ray Diffraction Technique
Authors: Olopade B. K , Oranusi S. , Nwinyi O. C. , Njobeh P. B. , Lawal I. A
Published: October 2019

Montmorillonite clay due to its abundance and environmental friendliness has several industrial applications among which are the adsorption of mycotoxins in foods and feed. The mycotoxin; zearalenone (ZEA) is oestrogenic and has been implicated in hormonal and reproductive issues for both man and animals. Thus, nanoformulations from Montmorillonite clay and Cymbopogoncitratus (lemongrass) extracts were developed for the reduction of the toxin in millet. The various formulations include: Montmorillonite clay to which extract of Cymbopogoncitratus(lemon grass essential oil)has been incorporated (Mont-LGEO), Montmorillonite clay mixed with C. citratus(lemon grass)powder (Mont-LGP) and Montmorillonite clay washed with NaCl (Mont-Na). Pure Montmorillonite clay (Mont) and C. citratus (lemon grass) powder (LGP) served as the controls for the treatment. Each of these compositions were applied to millet samples at a concentration of 8 % and 12% and stored for 4 weeks. XRD patterns for compositions containing Montmorillonite clay revealed major peaks at 2-Theta value of 20.06° representing Montmorillonite and 26.56° and 68.53°representing quartz. The level of ZEA in all treated samples was quantified after 4 weeks using the Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrophotometer LC-MS/MS. All the compositions were effective in the decontamination of zearalenone. Furthermore, C. citratus powder was the most effective in the decontamination of zearalenone in the cereal after 4 weeks.
Offshore aquaculture practice; a potential for meeting Nigeria fish demand – a review
Authors: Akinsorotan A M , Akinsorotan O A , Jimoh J O , Adene I C , Akiwowo U A
Published: October 2019

The demand for fish in Nigeria is still not met, despite having a domestic production estimated at about 800,000 metric tonnes. The demand stands at about 2.1 million metric tonnes per year. There is a shortfall of about 1.3 million metric tonnes. To solve this problem Nigeria has turned to fish importation while several other policies are being put in place by successive administrations to improve on local production. However, none of the efforts has been successful so far. The aim of this paper is to assess the potentials of offshore aquaculture within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Nigeria with the view of meeting the fish demand of Nigerians. The paper develops a framework for the operation of offshore aquaculture. The implications of climate change on offshore fish production along the coastal area were highlighted. Strategies and policy measures needed to combat the challenges facing offshore aquaculture in order for it to live to its full potentials in protecting the living welfare of the fishermen and ensuring food security are also discussed.
Facile synthesis of N’-(anthracen-9(10H)-ylidene)-4-(4-hydrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetra hydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide and other derivatives
Authors: Ajani Olayinka O. , Owolabi Fisayo E. , Jolayemi Emmanuel G. , Audu Oluwatosin Y. , Ogunleye Olatunde M.
Published: October 2019

Pyrimidine as vital constituents of nucleic acid is recognized for its role in the chemotherapy of AIDS. Hydrazide-hydrazones are important moieties with notable biological diversity in drug design. Thus, the aim of this present study is to synthetically couple these two frameworks together in order to achieve small molecular targets for possible development of improved therapeutic candidates. This was achieved in a domino reaction starting with one-pot three-component reaction to afford ethyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate, 7 which upon treatment with hydrazine hydrate under acid-mediated condition gave 8, as an essential precursor and reactive intermediate. The expeditious condensation of intermediate 8 with various cyclic and straight chain ketones furnished N’-(anthracen-9(10H)-ylidene)-4-(4-hydrophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5 -carbohydrazide 9a and other 9b-i scaffolds as envisaged. The reaction progress was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and upon reaction completion, the purification process was carried out with recrystallization and/or column chromatography. The authenticity of the prepared products 9a-i was confirmed by spectroscopic means including IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT-135 as well as analytical data. These final products are good candidates for further study as regards anti-plasmodial activity which are been developed and examined.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of coumarin-based 5,6-dihydro pyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives
Authors: Aderohunmu Damilola V. , Ajani Olayinka O. , Oduselu Gbolahan O. , Adebiyi Ezekiel F.
Published: October 2019

Coumarin is an oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound of great medicinal important and high versatility in electronic and material science research. Incorporation of pyrimidine as a linker on coumarin is a way to provide improved application in solar cell research by extension of unsaturation for improved electronic transition. Convention synthesis approach is common in organic synthesis but have some disadvantages like affecting the eco-system due to discharge of toxic chemical during the process. On the other hand, microwave irradiation is eco-friendly and accelerates synthesis to afford great products following interesting reaction schemes and steps at reduced time. Hence, microwave assisted synthesis of novel coumarin-based 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives was herein achieved via a three-step synthetic approach. The reaction was initiated with catalyst supported multicomponent reaction to produce 3-acetylcoumarin7which upon condensation with five aromatic aldehydes furnished chalcones 8a-e. Microwave assisted reaction of chalcones8a-ewith lone pair donor, urea led to the formation of the targeted coumarin-based 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one9a-ein good-to-excellent yields. The structures were established using spectroscopic data and notable physical properties and the results obtained were consistent with the expected structure of the products. The compounds will be good for further study to authenticate their applications in drug design and material science research.
Economic Analysis of Wastewater Reuse in Covenant University
Authors: Omole D.O. , Jim-George T. , Akpan V.E
Published: October 2019

Wastewater reuse is a vital technique to supplement existing water resources for both developing and developed nations. However, the economic research into the design and implementation of a wastewater reuse scheme is required in order to determine the feasibility of any wastewater reuse project from an economic stand point. There are numerous benefits of wastewater recycling. However, these benefits are often not evaluated due to several factors. Nevertheless, the valuation of these benefits is required to justify investment decisions. This research uses cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the benefits of implementing a wastewater reuse scheme in a university community. The investment decision is influenced by the result obtained from the cost benefit analysis calculation. The result of the Net Present Value of this research showed that, the University could recoup its initial investments and also realize huge profits implementing a wastewater reuse scheme. Meaning that the research is or would be feasible financially. This research also shows that with the use of constructed wetland, an extensive method of wastewater treatment, the energy costs accrued per year by the University community would be reduced by millions of naira. Furthermore, the environmental and social benefits of the projects were also considered to complete an economic analysis. The results showed that there are significant environmental and social benefits which includes sustainable groundwater withdrawal, the avoidance of land subsidence and corporate social responsibility.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mg doped LaCoO3 Nano-Catalyst for Soot oxidation in Diesel Engines
Authors: Akinlolu Kayode , Abimbola Akinsiku , Omolara Bamgboye , Abimbola Adebisi , Kehinde Ogunniran
Published: October 2019

A series of Mg doped LaCoO3 perovskite nano catalysts were synthesized using sol gel method. The prepared nano catalysts were characterized using the various characterization techniques such as X-Ray, Powder Diffraction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Spectroscopy, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett Teller. The XRD results showed the purity of the prepared catalyst as no segregated phases were observed and also confirming the crystallinity of the prepared catalyst. The catalytic evaluation shows that upon introduction of Mg into the perovskite structure, the catalytic performances of the catalyst were greatly increased with La0.8Mg0.2CoO3 giving the lowest T50 at 480 °C.
First principles calculations of the optoelectronic properties of magnesium substitutes in Lead based ABX3 compounds
Authors: Johnson O. O. , Olutuase P. E. , Oyewande O. E.
Published: October 2019

Perovskites are potential materials for the fabrication of cheap and efficient solar cells with a suitable Electron Transport Layer (ETL) as base. Currently, the most efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) are made of Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide (MALI), CH3NH3PbI3, typically with anatase ETL, which is toxic due to the presence of lead. Magnesium is a non-toxic potential substitute for lead in MALI PSCs. This study focuses on simulating and calculating the optoelectronic properties of magnesium based perovskites and comparing them with those of the lead-based perovskites, to know if they will serve as a better substitute for lead (due to its high toxicity). We performed atomistic simulations of Methyl Ammonium Magnesium Iodide (MAMI), CH3NH3MgI3 and Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide (MALI), CH3NH3PbI3, both in the triclinic and orthorhombic phases, using Density Functional Theory within the Generalised Gradient Approximation using Ultra Soft Perdew-Burke-Enzherh of pseudopotentials. All atomistic simulations were done using well-converged k-points and cut-off energies. Results obtained showed that both MAMI and MALI possess similar optoelectronic properties in the triclinic and orthorhombic phases, strongly indicating that MAMI based perovskite materials are potential replacement candidates for fabricating cheap and efficient solar cells with little or no toxicity.
Prediction of phase equilibria in multicomponent water-salt systems by means of translation method
Authors: Soliev Lutfullo , Tursunbadalov Sherali
Published: October 2019

The translation method which can produce all the geometrical figures and closed phase equilibria diagram for multicomponent water-salt systems was described. The phase equilibria in quinaryNaCl - KCl -MgCl2 - CaCl2 - H2O (25°C) system which is an important part of the more complex oceanic Na, K, Mg, Ca//Cl, SO4- H2O system were determined using translation method. Three invariant points of quadruple saturation, tenmonovariant curves of triple saturation and twelvedivariant fields of double saturation salts were identified in the system. Two of the curves extend between the quinary invariant points while the other eightare generated from extension of the relevant quaternary invariant points into the quinary composition. A total phase equilibria diagram for the quinary NaCl - KCl - MgCl2 - CaCl2 - H2O system at 25°C was constructed on the basis of obtained results. The diagram was fragmented into divariant fields of common crystallization of two salts. A good agreement was observed between the results obtained in this work and the available data in literature.
Green Synthesis of Pseudo-Cubic Ag/Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticles using Senna occidentalis Leaf Extract
Authors: Abimbola Akinsiku Anuoluwa , Oluseyi Ajanaku Kolawole , Olugbenga Dare Enock
Published: October 2019

This study reports plant-mediated co-reduction approach for the synthesis of Ag/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag/Ni BNPs). In view of sustainability development, aqueous leaf extract of an indigenous Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) acted as a reducing agent. Cold extraction was carried out on the biodiversity plant using water and methanol as solvent media by way of “green” synthesis. Qualitative analysis was done to identify possible secondary metabolites present in the extract. Synthesis of the nanohybrid was achieved using two different precursor concentrations at 70°C. Techniques including Uv-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were engaged for optical, morphological and compositional characterisation of the Ag/Ni BNPs, respectively. The reaction colour changed from green to dark brown due to the excitation of electron and change in the electronic energy levels of metal nanoparticles. Presence of nickel in the nanohybrid resulted in blue shift in the absorbance wavelengths when compared with the corresponding monometallic Ag NPs (341 to 327 nm). The optical property displayed by Ag/Ni BNPs is a pointer for potential application as optical material.
Qualitative analysis, total phenolic content, FT-IR and GC-MS characterisation of Canna indica: bioreducing agent for nanoparticles synthesis
Authors: Bolade Oladotun P. , Akinsiku Anuoluwa A. , Adeyemi Alaba O. , Jolayemi Gbenga E. , Williams Akan B. , Benson Nsikak U.
Published: October 2019

Within the framework of determining capping and stabilizing bioactive components present in Canna indica towards nanoparticles synthesis, phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, infrared spectroscopy and chromatographic characterisation were carried out on the locally sourced plant. Extracts were prepared from C. indica leaves using ethanol, de-ionised water (DW) and ethanol/DW in ratio 1:1. Qualitative screening showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols and coumarins. Highest total phenolic content (TPC) was observed in the aqueous fraction and least in ethanol fraction. Characterisation was carried out using Fourier Transform - Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Absorption bands observed from FT-IR analysis showed presence of aromatic O-H stretch (3300 cm−1) and aromatic C=C stretch (1451 and 1640 cm−1) respectively. GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extract indicated the presence of dl-.alpha.-tocopherol – a phenolic compound.
Optimal evacuation decision policies for Benue flood disaster in Nigeria
Authors: Taiwo E. S. , Adinya I. , Edeki S. O.
Published: October 2019

This research develops a probabilistic evacuation decision policy model to determine the optimal decision for the cases of no evacuation, evacuation, and delay decision at a particular point in time in the event of a threatening flood disaster adapted to the case of Nigeria. This work explores the use of decision tree analysis and a program written in MATLAB to solve problems arising from the models to determine the optimal decision. An application to the case of Benue flood 2012 reveals that earlier evacuation would have saved the decision-maker (government) almost 4-times less than the cost incurred after evacuation was initiated at later time.
Implementation of Real-time Detection Algorithm for Space Debris Based on Multi-core DSP
Authors: Sun Q , Niu Z D , Yao C
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this paper is to implement a real-time detection algorithm for CCD star image on multi-core DSP platform. It can effectively identify weak stellar targets and space debris. It mainly includes two parts: the space debris detection method and DSPs’ project. there are several steps in this algorithm: background suppression, smear removing, stellar targets detection, space debris detection, track establishment. As for implementation, This project includes three parts: communication port design, pipeline design and memory partition. The final results show that the platform given in this paper can successfully detect weak stellar targets and space debris in real time, and establish tracks with high-accuracy of the space debris in complex environment. The maximum time of processing a 2048*2048 (in gray 16-bit sets) image is approximately 600ms.
An Innovation of Interaction Method Based on Force Feedback in HMD System
Authors: Liu Zehua , Wang Yigang
Published: October 2019

With the development and wide application of virtual reality technology, the emerging virtual reality system brings better visual experience. In the field of scientific visualization, immersive visual experience and well-designed interactive method can enhance user experience. Since traditional 2D input devices such as mouse and keyboard cannot support direct 3D manipulation, they cannot be applied to virtual reality visualization. Moreover, basic VR interactive devices like controllers also have some problems such as low operation precision and the lack of sensory simulation and real-time feedback operation. In order to solve these problems, we propose a virtual reality interactive method based on force feedback to deal with the complex interactive operation of scientific data in 3D space. We also reported a user testing which compared our approach with traditional VR controllers in same tasks demonstrates that the proposed approach has higher accuracy and better user experience.
Contourlet Transform based Multi-scale Fusion Network for Face Hallucination
Authors: Wei W , Feng G Q , Cui D L
Published: October 2019

Recently, Convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved great success in the field of face hallucination. However, such approaches usually generate blurry and over-smoothed Super Resolution (SR) results, and the performance suffers from degradation when super-resolve a very Low Resolution (LR) face image. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an contourlet transform based accurate CNN architecture, namely Multi-scale Fusion CNN (MSFC), which are able to reconstruct a High Resolution (HR) face image from a very low resolution input. First of all, we present multi-scale fusion CNN (MSFC) to fully detect and exploit features from LR inputs. And then, we formulate the SR problem as the prediction of contourlet transform coefficients, which is able to make MSFC further capture the texture details for super-resolve face images. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments show that the proposed method is capable of preserving details and achieves superior SR performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Face Recognition for Attendance Management System Using Multiple Sensors
Authors: Prangchumpol Dulyawit
Published: October 2019

The problem about checking attendant is the main problem of teacher in nowadays. In order to solve this problem, Many systems have been completely changed due to this evolve to achieve more accurate results. However, in my study, these study still lack of the efficiency about correct the face and students cannot verify or pose to edit the data when there is error in class. With this reason, this research aims to develop the facing attendant system to be more effective and the mechanic of the system which students can easily verify. The experiment of this research is to find the way to recognize the face by using the technique of Android Face Recognition with Deep Learning which can correctly recognize up to 97%. The database is connected to Attendance Management System web server by using cloud storage. The result on screen in real time on the application so that students can verify and check data.
A High Efficient FEMD-Based Data Hiding Algorithm
Authors: Liu J N , Zhou Q , Hu Y L , Wei J Y
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes a high efficient FEMD-based data hiding method suitable for various complexity images. The method uses FEMD's extraction function to map a cover pixel (8 bits) and a randomizable auxiliary pixel (log2
n+1 bits) into a data of n
2-ary notational system, which can significantly improve the data hiding efficiency. When n=2, the embedding efficiency of FEMD is 1/8, and that of our method is 1/5, which is increased by 60% and the image quality of the two methods is almost the same. In other words, our method will have higher image quality when the embedding rate of the two methods is same. When n=4 or 8 and the dada embedding efficiency is equal, the PSNR of this method is increased by 1.3 dB or 1.1 dB compared with FEMD. In addition, the auxiliary pixel as a key can improve the security of our data hiding algorithm.
Image Feature Extraction and Retrieval of the Euler Number to Chinese Herbal Medicine based on PCNN
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhao Xiaolong , Yang Hongping , Li Dongfeng , Ling Weijun , Lu Feiping , Zhao Yuxiang
Published: October 2019

In order to extract microscopic image feature information of traditional Chinese medicine effectively and simply and improve the precision of image retrieval, an image Euler number feature extraction and retrieval algorithm based on pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) was proposed. First of all, the PCNN model is introduced from the perspective of biological tissue image processing. Secondly, the CHM image is segmented into a series of binary correlation images using simplified PCNN. The Euler number of the edge information of each binary image in the generated binary image sequence is calculated, and a one-dimensional feature vector is constructed. Finally, the Euclidean distance is used to measure the similarity of the feature vector in the retrieval of CHM microscopic images. Euler number feature extraction and retrieval method is characterized by simple calculation and small amount of data. Compared with other methods, this algorithm has stronger robustness and retrieval accuracy, and certain feasibility.