bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estilo de vida e indicadores antropométricos de idosas praticantes de atividade física
Authors: De Oliveira David Michel , Lopes Marina Candida , Santos Daniel dos , Villela Edlaine Faria de Moura
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o estilo de vida e a antropometria de idosas do projeto Geração 60+, de Sacramento, Minas Gerais. Participaram vinte idosas praticantes de atividades físicas com idade média de 68±9 anos. Por intermédio de questionário, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, históricos e antecedentes familiares de doenças, sintomas clínicos, estilo de vida e conhecimento sobre atividade física, tipo e frequência das atividades realizadas. As variáveis antropométricas coletadas foram o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e relação cintura quadril (RCQ). Empregou-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. Observou-se que 55% das idosas eram casadas, 85% aposentadas e 75% tinham baixo nível de escolaridade. O histórico de doenças crônicas degenerativas referiu 50% maternas e 30% paternas. As participantes apresentaram sintomas de alguma doença, 85% visitavam periodicamente o médico e usavam medicamentos. As idosas eram não fumantes e 85% não consumiam álcool. Realizavam as principais refeições e 25% faziam dieta. Observou-se prevalência (70%) para a prática de atividade física mais de três vezes por semana, durante 1 hora. Informaram não saber a diferença entre atividade física e exercício físico, mas reconheceram a sua importância para a saúde, 85% foram influenciadas por profissionais de saúde a realizar atividades físicas. A maioria das idosas apresentou IMC acima dos valores de referência e todas estavam com RCQ acima da normalidade. Apesar de a maioria demonstrar comportamentos preventivos e saudáveis, seus indicadores antropométricos refletiram risco à saúde. Existe uma necessidade de ações mais efetivas no projeto e de estratégias de educação em saúde, especialmente para a população de baixa escolaridade.
Evolving the service model for child and adolescent mental health services
Authors: Wright Barry , Roberts Sophie , Redmond Carol , Davies Kath , Varley Danielle
Published: December 2016

A new model for a community mental health service for children and young people aged 0-18 years is described. This has been formulated after multi-level consultation including extensive user/carer involvement. The proposed model is multidisciplinary and integrated with multiagency provision, with smooth access onto and through care pathways. This model brings voluntary and statutory agencies into an integrated collaboration. It reinforces that social and emotional development and psychological functioning is everybody’s business and creates conditions where a child’s needs can be addressed on a day-to-day basis rather than through a “clinic-based model”.
Developing Critical-Thinking Dispositions in a Listening/Speaking Class
Authors: Ordem Eser
Published: December 2016

Studies on critical thinking (CT) in education have been of paramount importance in recent decades to help individuals develop skills such as analyzing, synthesizing, higher-order thinking, and assessing. In line with such studies, this study aims to examine aspects of critical thinking dispositions of Turkish adult learners of English in a listening/speaking class (N = 17) based on the inventory developed by The California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory (CCTDI). The study was in nature idiographic and phenomenographic with content analysis. The findings show that the participants were better in developing the aspects of being inquisitive, truth-seeking, open-minded and confident, while the aspects of systematicity, analyticity, and cognitive maturity were less developed by the participants. These developed skills included the main features of the seven aspects of critical thinking dispositions.
The Impact of Consecutive Interpreting Training on the L2 Listening Competence Enhancement
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Wu Zhiwei
Published: December 2016

In recent years, a growing number of people have taken up interpreting training, with the intention of not only developing interpreting skills, but improving language proficiency as well. The present study sets out to investigate the impact of English-Chinese consecutive interpreting (CI) training on the enhancement of the second language (L2, English) listening competence. An empirical study was conducted on 50 interpreting student beginners to assess the effect of two different interpreting training modes on students’ English listening ability. The study indicates that CI training can enhance students’ L2 listening competence, specifically intensive listening skill and selective listening skill, but to a varying extent. Active listening, when trained as a stand-alone rather than a built-in component in the curriculum, contributes more to improving students’ listening ability. In view of this, pedagogical implications for interpreting training and L2 listening teaching are discussed.
“Maria Ivanovna Was Reclining on a Settee”: Gleb Uspenskii’s Search for a New Optics
Authors: Schur Anna
Published: December 2016

To Gleb Uspenskii's contemporaries, his preference for short forms like sketches, notes, and fragments masked an artistic fl aw – his inability to produce a novel. The paper reconsiders Uspenskii's generic choices as a deliberate critique of the novel form. This critique refl ected Uspenskii's anxiety about the signifi cance of individual personality and experience overvalued by the novel. Uspenskii's aspiration to transcend the novel's preoccupation with an individual human fate in order to lay bare the conditions shaping the shared destiny of all led him to exchange the novel's “microscopic” optics for a broader, panoramic lens. Such change in perspective dictated several other elements of his poetics: from rejecting the novel's aesthetics of small detail to reconfi guring the traditional character structure.
Viacheslav Ivanov in the 1930s: The Russian Poet as Italian Humanist
Authors: Wang Emily
Published: December 2016

In the 1930s, Viacheslav Ivanov – erstwhile leader of Russian symbolism – found himself suspended between two totalitarian regimes, Stalin's Soviet Union and Mussolini's Italy. A Soviet citizen living in Italy, he adapted to his new circumstances, converting to Catholicism and embracing Italian cultural traditions, including Petrarch's legacy of transnational humanism. In this period, however, fascist and Nazi thinkers were also claiming humanism for their own nationalist purposes. In his Italian-language writings, Ivanov navigates these dangerous waters by attempting to represent himself as simultaneously national and transnational, and as both a Russian poet and a latter-day Italian humanist.
Transnationalism in One Country? Seeing and Not Seeing Cross-Border Migration within the Soviet Union
Authors: Siegelbaum Lewis H. , Moch Leslie Page
Published: December 2016

In the early 1990s social scientists began to refer to migrants who retained familial and economic ties with their country of origin as transnational. The term eventually gained currency among historians who had found multiple examples of such ties in earlier decades and centuries. Although migrants traveling among former Soviet republics came to be understood as transnational, Soviet-era migrants never have been so characterized. We contend that this is due to a double blindness: that of migration scholars to the Soviet Union as a “state of nations,” and that of historians of the Soviet period to migration as a complicating element in the construction of nationality. By emphasizing the transnational dimension of “internal” Soviet migration, we seek to sharpen awareness of how nationality worked in the Soviet context, particularly in its last decades. We thus posit the maintenance of economic, familial and other affective ties across Soviet national boundaries as the Soviet version of transnationalism—transnationalism in one country. We also suggest the ways that despite its well-deserved reputation for limiting international migration and otherwise restricting its citizenry, the Soviet state facilitated transnationalism within its borders.
PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO SITUACIONAL E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES: UM NOVO PARADIGMA PARA A GESTÃO DE MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS
Authors: Rodrigues Jorge Luiz Knupp , Santos Oderlei Ferreira dos
Published: December 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a contribuição dos  momentos do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES) na gestão de Micro e Pequenas Empresas em busca de uma alternativa prática, simples e eficiente para a formulação da estratégia. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso comparativo em Micro e Pequenas Empresas das áreas Indústria, Serviços e Comércio da cidade de Itapeva, SP. Para a análise dos dados, foi criado e aplicado um método próprio, denominado Análise Estratégica Tridimensional, que considerou a participação, utilidade e importância dos métodos de Planejamento Estratégico estudados. Os resultados demonstram que os momentos do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional apresentam diversos aspectos que contribuem com a gestão das Micro e Pequenas Empresas e apresenta um construto teórico e prático para a avaliação da prática estratégica. 
A INFLUÊNCIA DA CAPACIDADE DE INOVAÇÃO SOBRE O DESEMPENHO INTERNACIONAL: UM ESTUDO COM EMPRESAS DE BASE TECNOLÓGICA
Authors: Scherer Flavia Luciane , Carpes Aletéia De Moura , Hahn Ivanete Schneider , Pivetta Natália Pavanelo
Published: December 2016

A capacidade de inovação das empresas, imersas em um ambiente competitivo global, pode ser considerada um dos fatores-chave na busca por vantagens competitivas e sobrevivência organizacional. Tendo em vista tal cenário e atentando para o importante papel desempenhado pelas Empresas de Base Tecnológica (EBTs) no mercado nacional e internacional, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a influência da capacidade de inovação sobre o desempenho internacional de EBTs. Para tanto, valeu-se de um estudo quantitativo e descritivo que investigou 53 EBTs brasileiras localizadas em habitas de inovação, como incubadoras tecnológicas, parques tecnológicos, aceleradoras de startups e clusters industriais. Com isso e mediante a realização de análises quantitativas foi possível encontrar suporte estatístico indicando que desenvolver capacidade de inovação influencia no desempenho internacional das empresas investigadas.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE OPORTUNIDADES EMPREENDEDORAS POR MULHERES
Authors: Freitas Rony Klay Viana de , Teixeira Rivanda Meira
Published: December 2016

Este estudo procurou integrar dois temas relevantes para o estudo do empreendedorismo: identificação de oportunidades e gênero, e teve como objetivo analisar como ocorre o processo de identificação das oportunidades de criação de novos negócios na perspectiva de mulheres empreendedoras do estado de Sergipe. O estudo qualitativo teve como método a história oral. Foram ouvidas três empreendedoras das cidades de Aracaju e São Cristóvão do Estado de Sergipe, proprietárias de pequenos negócios. Os resultados indicaram que as experiências prévias das empreendedoras estão relacionadas com a oportunidade identificada e que estas possuem amplo conhecimento do serviço oferecido. Além disso, verificou-se a intensa participação da família das mulheres no processo de identificação das oportunidades, o que permitiu inferir que identificar uma oportunidade possa não ser um processo exclusivamente individual.
Desastres hidrometeorológicos na região Nordeste do Brasil: distribuição espaço-temporal dos reconhecimentos de Estado de Calamidade Pública
Authors: Moura Marcelo Oliveira , Cunico Camila , Nóbrega Ranyére Silva , Duarte Cristiana Coutinho
Published: December 2016

Nesse trabalho apresenta-se uma análise das ocorrências de desastres naturais de ordem hidrológica e meteorológica por estado da Federação e por municípios que integram a região Nordeste do Brasil. Na análise foram considerados aqueles desastres oficialmente reconhecidos por decretos de Estado de Calamidade Pública – ECP entre os anos de 2003 a 2015. As informações sobre as ocorrências dos desastres foram levantadas na página do site do Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil – SINPDEC do Ministério da Integração Nacional. O Nordeste é a região do país com maior número de desastres naturais reconhecidos por decretos de ECP. Os reconhecimentos por decretos de ECP na região são vinculados a desastres de ordem climática (estiagem e seca) e hidrometeorológica (inundações graduais, enxurradas e chuvas intensas). Um total de 111 ocorrências de desastres hidrometeorológicos foi registrado, esse número corresponde a 43,7% das 254 ocorrências de desastres naturais reconhecidos por ECP na região. Quanto ao tipo de desastre hidrometeorológico, constatou-se uma maior frequência de enxurradas ou inundações bruscas. Esse tipo de desastre foi mais frequente nos municípios situados na Zona da Mata dos estados de Pernambuco e Alagoas. Esses municípios, em sua maioria, se localizam nos vales dos rios Una e Mundaú, regiões geográficas que historicamente, mais por conta da cultura canavieira, denunciam na forma de desastres naturais a vulnerabilidade socioambiental de seus territórios.
EATING IDENTITY: AN EXPLORATION OF FIJIAN FOODWAYS IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PAST
Authors: Jones Sharyn R
Published: December 2016

I argue that group identity may be used to address fundamental anthropological concepts that are critical for understanding Pacific Island peoples and their cultures from a long-term perspective. Specifically, I explore foodways as a locus of archaeological material culture through the theoretical lens of materiality. I examine archaeological and ethnographic data that illuminate foodways in the Fiji Islands. The archaeological information derives from four islands and a variety of coastal sites across the Fiji archipelago. I illustrate that in both the past and present food, zooarchaeological remains, and associated material culture may be used to understand social changes and identity as expressed in eating behaviors and patterns in archaeological fauna. By using materiality and a broad comparative frame of reference archaeologists may better understand what it means to be Fijian.
Ideas and Networks: The Rise and Fall of Research Bodies for Powered Artificial Arms in America and Canada, 1945-1977
Authors: Foord David J. A. , Kyberd Peter
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the rise and fall of research and development funding programs for upper-limb myoelectric prosthetics in America and Canada from 1945 to 1977. Despite similarities in overall technological goals, to produce electronic arms and hands for veterans in the US and children with phocomelic limbs in Canada, we argue that the reasons for starting and ending the programs reflected different national preoccupations. In the US the reasons for the creation in 1945 and termination in 1977 of funding programs focused on the lack of fundamental research in the field, and role that science could have in the development and design in prosthetics. In Canada, by contrast, there was little discussion about science and its relationship to technology in knowledge creation when the prosthetics research and training unit (PRTU) funding program was founded in 1963 and wound up in 1975. Instead, the policy discussion focused on the importance of regional representation and relationships among different professional groups and sectors of society.
El proyecto Recaséns y la renovación de la Filosofía del Derecho en España | The Recaséns’ Project and The Renovation of Philosophy of Law in Spain
Authors: Cuadros Aguilera Pol
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. Este artículo trata sobre la labor llevada a cabo por el iusfilósofo Luis Recaséns Siches de renovación de la Filosofía del Derecho en España mediante la introducción de los postulados neokantianos y kelsenianos. Lo que se puede denominar el proyecto Recasens fue, sin embargo, abruptamente interrumpido por el estallido de la Guerra Civil. Las críticas al neokantismo que contiene fueron incorporadas en trabajos posteriores de Recasens, así como en la obra del profesor Legaz y Lacambra, conservando de este modo el proyecto algo de su impulso inicial.   ABSTRACT. This article addresses the renovation effort conducted by the Law philosopher Luis Recaséns Siches, who aimed to update Philosophy of Law in Spain through the introduction of neokantian and kelsenian postulates. What can be denominated as “the Recaséns’ project” was, however, harshly interrupted by the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. The judgments targeting neokantism that can be found in such texts were included in Recaséns’ later publications, as well as in the work of the professor Legaz y Lacambra, hence yielding the project to maintain some of its original impulse.
Situaciones de vulnerabilidad vs. exclusión para los inmigrantes en el contexto sureuropeo de crisis económica | Situations of vulnerability vs. exclusion for migrants under economic crisis in the Southern European context
Authors: La Spina Encarnación
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. La identificación de la categoría "grupo desaventajado" o "grupo especialmente vulnerable" no es un tema resuelto desde el derecho anti-discriminatorio. Sin embargo, los inmigrantes pueden ser considerados fácilmente en situación de vulnerabilidad debido a las importantes restricciones de derechos sociales previstas en el marco normativo de extranjería. En concreto, esta propuesta analiza las formas de categorización de los inmigrantes como potenciales sujetos vulnerables en diferentes contextos sureuropeos de crisis económica.    ABSTRACT. The identification of the category "disadvantaged group" or "particularly vulnerable group" is not a closed issue in the anti-discrimination law. However, migrants could be easily considered in a vulnerability situation due to relevant restrictions of social rights fixed by the migration law. Particularly, this proposal analyses the ways of categorizing migrants as potential vulnerable subjects in different Southern European contexts under economic crisis.
Vulnerabilidad, derechos humanos y empresas | Vulnerability, human rights and business
Authors: Barranco Avilés María del Carmen
Published: December 2016

RESUMEN. El presente trabajo trata de mostrar cómo algunos de los presupuestos teóricos de una concepción tradicional de los derechos, como el modo en el que operan la autonomía y la racionalidad y la forma en la que se articula la separación entre lo público y lo privado, han permitido que resulte fácilmente justificable que las corporaciones y, entre ellas, las empresas transnacionales, sean titulares de derechos humanos, pero también han operado como obstáculos para atribuirles obligaciones. Tales presupuestos han de revisarse para que los derechos humanos sirvan efectivamente para proteger a los seres humanos y no tanto a las ‘personas’ en el sentido jurídico.  ABSTRACT. This work is aimed to show how some of the theoretical premises of a traditional conception of rights (such as autonomy, rationality or the public/private separation) have allowed an easy justification of the human rights for corporations, and for transnational enterprises as corporations. However, these assumptions have also hampered the justification of human rights duties for these entities. These ideas should be reviewed to make human rights protect human beings over ‘legal persons’.
Pensar la paz desde el exterior de las instituciones patriarcales. Ecos de la escritura de Virginia Woolf | Views on peace from outside patriarchal institutions. Echoes of Virginia Woolf’s writing
Authors: Bea Pérez Emilia
Published: December 2016

Resumen:La reflexión sobre la exigencia de evitar la guerra y asegurar la paz mundial es hoy, quizá más que nunca, una de las principales tareas de la filosofía política y de la filosofía del derecho. El trabajo aborda la aportación de Virginia Woolf a esta reflexión en varios de sus escritos y, en especial, en su ensayo Tres guineas, considerado uno de los referentes más lúcidos de la genealogía femenina del pensamiento pacifista. El discurso antifascista, antimilitarista y antipatriarcal de Woolf da cuenta de los vínculos existentes entre estas tres raíces profundas del belicismo. Frente a las relaciones de fuerza, el hecho de vivir fuera del imaginario del poder se presenta aquí como oportunidad de acometer tareas civilizatorias imprevisibles. La experiencia y el saber de las mujeres, marginados a lo largo de la historia, pueden ser rescatados subversiva y creativamente para generas prácticas políticas no-violentas y aspirar a una redefinición global de la vida en común.Abstract: Today, one of the main tasks of political philosophy and the philosophy of law is, perhaps, to reflect on the need to avoid war and ensure world peace. This paper discusses the contribution made by Virginia Woolf to this reflection in several of her writings and especially in her essay Three Guineas, which is regarded as one of the most striking examples of pacifist thinking by a female writer. Woolf’s anti-fascist, anti-militarist and anti-patriarchal discourse recognises the links between these three deep roots of warmongering. In the face of struggles for power, the reality of living outside the imaginary of power is presented here as an opportunity to carry out unforeseeable civilizing tasks. Women’s experience and knowledge, which has been marginalised throughout history, can be set free subversively and creatively to generate non-violent political practices and aspire to a global redefinition of coexistence.
Nota editorial
Authors: Editorial CEFD Gestión
Published: December 2016

.
IRBIT controls apoptosis by interacting with the Bcl-2 homolog, Bcl2l10, and by promoting ER-mitochondria contact
Authors: Bonneau Benjamin , Ando Hideaki , Kawaai Katsuhiro , Hirose Matsumi , Takahashi-Iwanaga Hiromi , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko
Published: December 2016

IRBIT is a molecule that interacts with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-binding pocket of the IP3 receptor (IP3R), whereas the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl2l10, binds to another part of the IP3-binding domain. Here we show that Bcl2l10 and IRBIT interact and exert an additive inhibition of IP3R in the physiological state. Moreover, we found that these proteins associate in a complex in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and that their interplay is involved in apoptosis regulation. MAMs are a hotspot for Ca2+ transfer between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and massive Ca2+ release through IP3R in mitochondria induces cell death. We found that upon apoptotic stress, IRBIT is dephosphorylated, becoming an inhibitor of Bcl2l10. Moreover, IRBIT promotes ER mitochondria contact. Our results suggest that by inhibiting Bcl2l10 activity and promoting contact between ER and mitochondria, IRBIT facilitates massive Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria and promotes apoptosis. This work then describes IRBIT as a new regulator of cell death.
Nominal ellipsis as a collaborative effort
Authors: Ticio Emma
Published: December 2016

Following fundamental minimalist assumptions, this study aims to explain the distribution of nominal ellipsis (NE, henceforth) in Spanish as the result of last resort constraints at different components of the grammar. The current proposal is that NE in Spanish is a special case of trace deletion that results from the creation of an imperfect/defective/smaller copy, which must be interpreted as an anaphora (concretely, as a (definite) pronoun) at the semantic interface (hence, SEM) due to its ‘reduced’ size. Therefore, the structure created in narrow syntax will be interpreted as any other copy at the phonological interface (hence, PHON), where it is not pronounced, but it will be interpreted as a (definite) pronoun at SEM. This approach derives the partitive character of the NE construction and the impossibility of having NE with some Determiners and prenominal Adjectives as the result of an SEM clash between the presence of the anaphora and the meaning of the Determiner
Ny politikk på diabetesfeltet? Nøkkelinformanters syn på dagens og morgendagens tilbud
Authors: Foss Christina , Knutsen Ingrid Ruud
Published: December 2016

New policy in type 2 diabetes care? Key informants’ assessment of today’s and tomorrow’s policyHealth care service for patients with chronic diseases has undergone fundamental changes in recent years: focus on self-management, de-centralisation to municipals with an emphasis on prevention and an urge for interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration. In the operationalization of the political signals to specific measures in the field, key actors’ understanding influences the formulation of policy. As part of a larger international study (EU-Wise) qualitative semi-structural interview was performed with 15 informants who hold key positions with an ability to influence the specific implementation of health policy for people with type 2 diabetes. The key informants showed abundant variation in what they saw as important challenges and measures. The informants have few descriptions of initiatives to fight social inequalities and were vague in their descriptions of measures that are not individual-oriented. The vagueness may indicate the need for more specific recommendations of measures in the field
Simulering er ikke til å spøke med: Helsefagstudenters erfaringer fra tverrprofesjonell teamtrening med bruk av simuleringsmetodikk
Authors: Breivik Marit , Johnsgaard Tone , Reime Marit Hegg
Published: December 2016

Simulation is no joke: Healthcare students’ experiences of interprofessional team training using simulation methodologyInterprofessional learning through simulation involves different professions who learn with, from and about each other. This study describes healthcare students’ experiences with interprofessional team training. Three focus group interviews were conducted with medical students and nursing students from the bachelor program and the postgraduate program. Data were analyzed according to the method of qualitative content analysis by Graneheim and Lundman. The findings show that making mistakes seems to be beneficial to the quality of patient care as it made the students more vigilant when they returned to clinical practice. Simulated settings seem to be a powerful arena for learning patient safety practices and facilitating transfer of this awareness to clinical practice. The findings also show that the various professions have inadequate knowledge of each other's expertise. Interprofessional learning through education appears to be necessary for the health professions to strengthen their ability to work together in the future.
Poster introductions
Authors: Presenters Poster
Published: December 2016

Introduction of the posters in plenum, see VIDEO.
Open Science – The Norwegian Approach
Authors: Haugstad Bjørn
Published: December 2016

Opening speech. Watch the VIDEO.
Enhancement of current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance by insertion of amorphous ferromagnetic underlayer in Heusler alloy-based spin-valve structures
Authors: Choi Young-suk , Nakatani Tomoya , Read John C. , Carey Matthew J. , Stewart Derek A. , Childress Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2016

We report an improved method for depositing Heusler alloy thin films, which reduces the B2-ordering temperature, and demonstrate its effect on improving spin-polarization and ΔR/R in CPP-GMR sensors. The insertion of a CoFeBTa or CoBTi amorphous ferromagnetic underlayer induced the formation of an amorphous Co2(Mn,Fe)Ge Heusler alloy film, reducing the B2-ordering temperature to ∼220 °C, which is significantly lower than the value of 500 °C for an epitaxial system and 400 °C for a polycrystalline system. This novel approach allows the fabrication of spin-valve sensor structures with ΔR/R of 18% after post-deposition annealing at temperatures less than 300 °C and is thus compatible with standard recording read-head sensor production.
Seqenv: linking sequences to environments through text mining
Authors: Sinclair Lucas , Ijaz Umer Z. , Jensen Lars Juhl , Coolen Marco J.L. , Gubry-Rangin Cecile , Chroňáková Alica , Oulas Anastasis , Pavloudi Christina , Schnetzer Julia , Weimann Aaron , Ijaz Ali , Eiler Alexander , Quince Christopher , Pafilis Evangelos
Published: December 2016

Understanding the distribution of taxa and associated traits across different environments is one of the central questions in microbial ecology. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) studies are presently generating huge volumes of data to address this biogeographical topic. However, these studies are often focused on specific environment types or processes leading to the production of individual, unconnected datasets. The large amounts of legacy sequence data with associated metadata that exist can be harnessed to better place the genetic information found in these surveys into a wider environmental context. Here we introduce a software program, seqenv, to carry out precisely such a task. It automatically performs similarity searches of short sequences against the “nt” nucleotide database provided by NCBI and, out of every hit, extracts–if it is available–the textual metadata field. After collecting all the isolation sources from all the search results, we run a text mining algorithm to identify and parse words that are associated with the Environmental Ontology (EnvO) controlled vocabulary. This, in turn, enables us to determine both in which environments individual sequences or taxa have previously been observed and, by weighted summation of those results, to summarize complete samples. We present two demonstrative applications of seqenv to a survey of ammonia oxidizing archaea as well as to a plankton paleome dataset from the Black Sea. These demonstrate the ability of the tool to reveal novel patterns in HTS and its utility in the fields of environmental source tracking, paleontology, and studies of microbial biogeography. To install seqenv, go to: https://github.com/xapple/seqenv.
Metal to phosphorus stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton in three remote lakes
Authors: Gormley-Gallagher Aine M. , Douglas Richard W. , Rippey Brian
Published: December 2016

Simultaneous measurements of changes in phytoplankton biomass and the metal and phosphorus (P) content of cells have been captured to attest to metal to P stoichiometries for freshwater phytoplankton. Three Scottish lakes that had received high, medium or low metal contamination from the atmosphere were selected for study. Phytoplankton cells were collected and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry was used to measure their lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and P content. Increased phytoplankton growth in the lakes resulted in significant algae growth dilution of the mass-specific Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni and Cr in the phytoplankton. Changes in the phytoplankton cell count and their Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni and Cr concentrations showed the process of algae bloom dilution to be subject to exponential decay, which accelerated in the order of Mn < Cu < Ni < Pb and Cd < Cr and Hg < Co. This indicated a metabolic and detoxification mechanism was involved in the active selection of metals. For the first time simultaneous measurements of metals and P stoichiometry in freshwater phytoplankton are reported. The mean metal to P stoichiometry generated was (C106P1N16)1000Pb0.019Hg0.00004Cu0.013Cd0.005Cr0.2Co0.0008Mn0.2Ni0.012based on field measurements and the Redfield average C, N and P stoichiometry of (CH2O)106(NH3)16H3PO4.
Risk of lung cancer in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Hsu Chi-Kuei , Lai Chih-Cheng , Wang Kun , Chen Likwang
Published: December 2016

This large-scale, controlled cohort study estimated the risks of lung cancer in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Taiwan. We conducted this population-based study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan during the period from 1997 to 2010. Patients with GERD were diagnosed using endoscopy, and controls were matched to patients with GERD at a ratio of 1:4. We identified 15,412 patients with GERD and 60,957 controls. Compared with the controls, the patients with GERD had higher rates of osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, depression, anxiety, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic liver disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease (all P < .05). A total of 85 patients had lung cancer among patients with GERD during the follow-up of 42,555 person-years, and the rate of lung cancer was 0.0020 per person-year. By contrast, 232 patients had lung cancer among patients without GERD during the follow-up of 175,319 person-years, and the rate of lung cancer was 0.0013 per person-year. By using stepwise Cox regression model, the overall incidence of lung cancer remained significantly higher in the patients with GERD than in the controls (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI [1.19–1.98]). The cumulative incidence of lung cancer was higher in the patients with GERD than in the controls (P = .0012). In conclusion, our large population-based cohort study provides evidence that GERD may increase the risk of lung cancer in Asians.
Consumption of antimicrobial manuka honey does not significantly perturb the microbiota in the hind gut of mice
Authors: Rosendale Doug , Butts Christine A. , de Guzman Cloe Erika , Maddox Ian S. , Martell Sheridan , McIntyre Lynn , Skinner Margot A. , Dinnan Hannah , Ansell Juliet
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that consuming manuka honey, which contains antimicrobial methylglyoxal, may affect the gut microbiota. We undertook a mouse feeding study to investigate whether dietary manuka honey supplementation altered microbial numbers and their production of organic acid products from carbohydrate fermentation, which are markers of gut microbiota function. The caecum of C57BL/6 mice fed a diet supplemented with antimicrobial UMF® 20+ manuka honey at 2.2 g/kg animal did not show any significantly changed concentrations of microbial short chain fatty acids as measured by gas chromatography, except for increased formate and lowered succinate organic acid concentrations, compared to mice fed a control diet. There was no change in succinate-producing Bacteroidetes numbers, or honey-utilising Bifidobacteria, nor any other microbes measured by real time quantitative PCR. These results suggest that, despite the antimicrobial activity of the original honey, consumption of manuka honey only mildly affects substrate metabolism by the gut microbiota.
Refining the reaction mechanism of O2towards its co-substrate in cofactor-free dioxygenases
Authors: Silva Pedro J.
Published: December 2016

Cofactor-less oxygenases perform challenging catalytic reactions between singlet co-substrates and triplet oxygen, in spite of apparently violating the spin-conservation rule. In 1-H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine-2,4-dioxygenase, the active site has been suggested by quantum chemical computations to fine tune triplet oxygen reactivity, allowing it to interact rapidly with its singlet substrate without the need for spin inversion, and in urate oxidase the reaction is thought to proceed through electron transfer from the deprotonated substrate to an aminoacid sidechain, which then feeds the electron to the oxygen molecule. In this work, we perform additional quantum chemical computations on these two systems to elucidate several intriguing features unaddressed by previous workers. These computations establish that in both enzymes the reaction proceeds through direct electron transfer from co-substrate to O2followed by radical recombination, instead of minimum-energy crossing points between singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces without formal electron transfer. The active site does not affect the reactivity of oxygen directly but is crucial for the generation of the deprotonated form of the co-substrates, which have redox potentials far below those of their protonated forms and therefore may transfer electrons to oxygen without sizeable thermodynamic barriers. This mechanism seems to be shared by most cofactor-less oxidases studied so far.
Differential requirement for N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor in endosomal trafficking of transferrin receptor from anterograde trafficking of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G
Authors: Fan Jiannan , Zhou Xiaoxu , Wang Yanli , Kuang Cuifang , Sun Yonghong , Liu Xu , Toomre Derek , Xu Yingke
Published: December 2016

N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive fusion factor (NSF) is an ATPase that plays a crucial role in vesicular transport. Here, we examined the effects of NSF knockdown on Golgi structure and different vesicle trafficking pathways in mammalian cells. NSF knockdown caused Golgi fragmentation and abolished transferrin receptor exocytosis, defects that were rescued by RNAi‐resistant NSF. Strikingly, NSF deficiency in HeLa cells barely affected cell viability, anterograde trafficking of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G and transferrin endocytosis. These results confirm the central role of NSF in Golgi structure and reveal differential requirement of NSF for exocytic recycling and constitutive trafficking pathways.
On the hydrography of Denmark Strait
Authors: Mastropole Dana , Pickart Robert S. , Valdimarsson Héðinn , Våge Kjetil , Jochumsen Kerstin , Girton James
Published: December 2016

Using 111 shipboard hydrographic sections across Denmark Strait occupied between 1990 and 2012, we characterize the mean conditions at the sill, quantify the water mass constituents, and describe the dominant features of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). The mean vertical sections of temperature, salinity, and density reveal the presence of circulation components found upstream of the sill, in particular the shelfbreak East Greenland Current (EGC) and the separated EGC. These correspond to hydrographic fronts consistent with surface‐intensified southward flow. Deeper in the water column the isopycnals slope oppositely, indicative of bottom‐intensified flow of DSOW. An end‐member analysis indicates that the deepest part of Denmark Strait is dominated by Arctic‐Origin Water with only small amounts of Atlantic‐Origin Water. On the western side of the strait, the overflow water is a mixture of both constituents, with a contribution from Polar Surface Water. Weakly stratified “boluses” of dense water are present in 41% of the occupations, revealing that this is a common configuration of DSOW. The bolus water is primarily Arctic‐Origin Water and constitutes the densest portion of the overflow. The boluses have become warmer and saltier over the 22 year record, which can be explained by changes in end‐member properties and their relative contributions to bolus composition.
The use of a wave boundary layer model in SWAN
Authors: Du Jianting , Bolaños Rodolfo. , Guo Larsén Xiaoli
Published: December 2016

A wave boundary layer model (WBLM) is implemented in the third‐generation ocean wave model SWAN to improve the wind‐input source function under idealized, fetch‐limited condition. Accordingly, the white capping dissipation parameters are recalibrated to fit the new wind‐input source function to parametric growth curves. The performance of the new pair of wind‐input and dissipation source functions is validated by numerical simulations of fetch‐limited evolution of wind‐driven waves. As a result, fetch‐limited growth curves of significant wave height and peak frequency show close agreement with benchmark studies at all wind speeds (5–60 m s−1) and fetches (1–3000 km). The WBLM wind‐input source function explicitly calculates the drag coefficient based on the momentum and kinetic energy conservation. The modeled drag coefficient using WBLM wind‐input source function is in rather good agreement with field measurements. Thus, the new pair of wind‐input and dissipation source functions not only improve the wave simulation but also have the potential of improving air‐sea coupling systems by providing reliable momentum flux estimation at the air‐sea interface.
Using Landsat 8 data to estimate suspended particulate matter in the Yellow River estuary
Authors: Qiu Zhongfeng , Xiao Cong , Perrie William , Sun Deyong , Wang Shengqiang , Shen Hui , Yang Dezhou , He Yijun
Published: December 2016

The distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and its variations in estuary regions are key to promoting carbon, oxygen, and nutrient cycling in coastal regions and nearby seas. This study presents SPM estimations for the Yellow River estuary from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (L8/OLI) data from 2013 to 2016. L8/OLI‐measured remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) was cross‐validated with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements, and SPM concentrations calculated from the tuned retrieval model were validated with in situ observations. The validation shows that L8/OLI can provide reasonably Rrs, which can be used to quantify SPM distributions and variations in the Yellow River estuary. Three year averaged SPM maps show that highly turbid waters are mostly found in an ovate area surrounding the mouth of the Yellow River. The corresponding area proportion is less than 30%, with SPM concentrations greater than 100 g m−3. High variations of SPM distributions are consistent with high SPM concentrations, and vice versa. Significant difference is observed between dry and wet seasons. Higher SPM in the dry season is observed both in range and intensity compared to those of the wet season. Furthermore, multiyear averaged SPM distributions with high concentrations are mainly attributable to currents. Significant seasonal variations are mainly controlled by sediment resuspension processes driven by wind‐wave forces. Due to human interventions, seasonal variability in river runoff and sediment discharge from the Yellow River has decreased in recent years. Accordingly, seasonal variability in SPM distributions in the Yellow River estuary due to sediment discharge has decreased.
Fanconi anemia protein FANCD2 is activated by AICAR, a modulator of AMPK and cellular energy metabolism
Authors: Chun Min Jeong , Choi Hana , Jun Dong Wha , Kim Sunshin , Kim Yong‐Nyun , Kim Soo‐Youl , Lee Chang‐Hun
Published: December 2016

FANCD2 is a pivotal molecule in the pathogenesis of Fanconi anemia (FA), an autosomal recessive human syndrome with diverse clinical phenotypes, including cancer predisposition, short stature, and hematological abnormalities. In our previous study, we detected the functional association of FANC proteins, whose mutations are responsible for the onset of FA, with AMPK in response to DNA interstrand crosslinking lesions. Because AMPK is well known as a critical sensing molecule for cellular energy levels, we checked whether FANCD2 activation occurs after treatments affecting AMPK and/or cellular energy status. Among the treatments tested, AMPK‐activating 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced monoubiquitination and nuclear foci formation of FANCD2, which are biomarkers of FANCD2 activation. FANCD2 activation was abolished by treatments with Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, or after AMPKα1 knockdown, substantiating the involvement of AMPK in AICAR‐induced FANCD2 activation. Similarly, FANCA protein, which is a component of the FA core complex monoubiquitinating FANCD2, was required for this event. Furthermore, FANCD2 repression enhanced cell death upon AICAR treatments in transformed fibroblasts and cell cycle arrest in the renal cell carcinoma cell line Caki‐1. Overall, this study showed FANCD2 involvement in response to AICAR, a chemical modulating cellular energy metabolism.
Line‐up Fairness Affects Postdictor Validity and ‘Don't Know’ Responses
Authors: Key Kylie N. , Wetmore Stacy A. , Neuschatz Jeffrey S. , Gronlund Scott D. , Cash Daniella K. , Lane Sean
Published: December 2016

We investigated the impact of filler quality and presence on confidence, response latency, and propensity to respond ‘don't know’ in eyewitness line‐ups and showups. More specifically, we tested the hypothesis that confident, fast witnesses would be accurate in fair line‐ups and showups, but the inclusion of duds (poor fillers) would break down these relationships in a biased line‐up. Participants viewed a mock crime video, made a timed identification decision, and gave a confidence judgment. As predicted, biased line‐up witnesses were fast and confident, regardless of accuracy, and rarely responded ‘don't know’. In addition, we found that witnesses who are the fastest and most confident were equally accurate in fair line‐ups and showups, and both were better than biased line‐ups. These findings suggest that biased line‐ups should not be used (although, unfortunately, they frequently are); in fact, it may be better to conduct a showup than a biased line‐up. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Education and Employment Participation in Young Adulthood: What Role Does Arthritis Play?
Authors: Jetha Arif , Theis Kristina A. , Boring Michael A. , Barbour Kamil E.
Published: December 2016

Objective

To examine the association between arthritis diagnosis and education and employment participation among young adults, and to determine whether findings differ by self‐rated health and age.

Methods

Data from the National Health Interview Survey, in the years 2009–2015, were combined and analyzed. The study sample was restricted to those ages 18–29 years, either diagnosed with arthritis (n = 1,393) or not (n = 40,537). The prevalence and correlates of employment and education participation were compared by arthritis status. Demographic characteristics, social role participation restrictions, health factors, and health system use variables were included as covariates. Models were stratified for age (18–23 versus 24–29 years) and self‐rated health. Weighted proportions and univariate and multivariate associations were calculated to examine the association between arthritis and education and employment participation.

Results

Respondents with arthritis were more likely to be female, married, and report having more social participation restrictions, fair/poor health, and more functional limitations than those without arthritis. In multivariate models, arthritis was significantly associated with lower education (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.75 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.57–0.98]) and higher employment participation (PR 1.07 [95% CI 1.03–1.13]). Additional stratified analyses indicated an association between arthritis diagnosis and greater employment participation in those ages 18–23 years and reporting higher self‐rated health.

Conclusion

Young adults with arthritis may be transitioning into employment at an earlier age than their peers without arthritis. To inform the design of interventions that promote employment participation, future research on the education and employment experiences of young adults with arthritis is needed.