bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a quality management strategy
Authors: Crofts Seth , Whitfield Louise , Ball Helen
Published: November 2016

A collaborative strategy between a college of nursing and a specialist nursing service was devised using outcomes driven by the ENB Higher Award. The successful implementation of this strategy has shown that the expectations of increased clinical-based innovation, resulting from this new approach to practitioner development, are achievable.
Getting our act together for the severely mentally ill
Authors: Morris Mervyn
Published: November 2016

Two recent reports offer an interesting contrast regarding provision of mental health services. One supports the idea of legislation to improve services, whereas the other calls upon services to get their act together.
Role of nurses in antibiotic therapy
Authors: Ashurst Steve
Published: November 2016

Nurses have traditionally been involved in the administration of antibiotics and assessment of their efficacy. However, it is now becoming apparent that we must also be increasingly vigilant as to the appropriate use of these drugs, both in hospital and the community.
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Bryan Angela
Published: November 2016

Mabel was brought into the accident and emergency department by ambulance. The Initial history was given by a friend. During one of her ‘ladies' nights out’ Mabel had become unwell. The ladies had gone out for a Chinese meal at 7 pm and by 9.30 pm four friends had consumed 3.5 bottles of medium sweet wine between them. Mabel had complained of feeling nauseated and had vomited. By 10 pm her friends noticed that she had become drowsy and had started to breathe heavily. After she appeared to have fainted they became worried and dialled for an ambulance.
Diabetes in childhood
Authors: Murphy Heather
Published: November 2016

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder of childhood. Early diagnosis is important. A multidisciplinary team approach enables families to assume responsibility for self-management. The paediatric diabetes nurse specialist is a key member of the team.
Should we listen to gossip?
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

Getting back into the swing of things after the summer holidays is very difficult. In order to find out what has been happening in your absence you usually read the mail, scan the nursing press and, of course, listen to the latest gossip.
Hollister Impression
Authors: Breeze Julia
Published: November 2016

Despite modern surgical techniques, stomas continue to produce practical management problems for some individuals. This product focus appraises the use of Hollister Impression, an appliance with built-in convexity, designed to reduce or remove the problem of leaks for the ostomist.
Who should be giving nurses professional advice?
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

Should non-nurse general managers be the leaders of nursing? 1 can just imagine nurses' reactions to this suggestion. The thought is as foolish as the proposal that doctors should be our leaders. However, over the past few months I have become increasingly concerned at the way that nursing is being managed.
UKCC's response to the Sister Cooksley case
Authors: Hussain Tariq
Published: November 2016

The case of Mrs Cookslcy has created considerable controversy and, as a consequence, the Council has received a great deal of correspondence, in support of and critical of Mrs Cookslcy. In addition, some correspondents have questioned the Council's commitment to maintaining its own standards on the administration of medicines.
A career in cancer nursing
Authors: Kelly Daniel
Published: November 2016

Cancer nursing offers much to the professional nurse and is a popular and rewarding career choice. It remains, however, a demanding role and one that should not be chosen without careful consideration of what is involved.
The health of traveller-Gypsies
Authors: Vernon Deborah
Published: November 2016

Travellers are not a healthy group. They experience widespread prejudice and discrimination from the settled population. In the sphere of health care, they have poor access to services. This article reviews the prevalent health care needs of this group from the perspective of client factors and service factors.
Implementing TQM in a college of nursing and midwifery
Authors: Hallawell Bob
Published: November 2016

This article describes the key structures, processes and principles that have been used by the Mid Trent College to implement total quality management and examines some of the staff reactions to the implementation.
Tielle: a hydropolymer dressing
Authors: Williams Clare
Published: November 2016

Exuding wounds such as pressure sores and leg ulcers are often difficult to manage. Tielle is a foamed gel dressing with an exudate handling system that is different in structure from that of a hydrocolloid.
It's official — nursing skills are relevant in 1994
Authors: MacAlister Lanette
Published: November 2016

Skill Needs in Britain - 1994 (IFF Research, 1994) reports the findings of a study, commissioned by the Department of Employment and carried out between April and June this year, to identify general skills shortages in Britain and to examine the training practices of employers. The study was based on 4000 telephone interviews with employers who have a workforce of 25 or more and who collectively employ 69% of Britain's total employed workforce.
No beds and long waits in the A&E department
Authors: Smith Carol
Published: November 2016

The overwhelming message from the recent Royal College of Nursing (RCN, 1994) report Waiting for Beds is that patients are waiting excessively long periods in accident and emergency (A&E) departments before transfer to inpatient beds. This was hailed by the media as a ‘shock report’, but was it? To many A&E nurses, particularly those working in London and other areas with high-density local populations, this report came as no shock but simply a reiteration of what they have been saying for many years
Should postmenopausal women be eligible for in vitro fertilization?
Authors: Chalmers Charlotte
Published: November 2016

The birth of twins to a 59-year-old woman on Christmas Day no doubt delighted the family concerned, but it sent shock waves through the media and prompted responses from government ministers, both here and in France. The reasons for the sometimes heated debate that followed resulted from not only the nature of the pregnancy (the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment of a postmenopausal woman), but also the extensive coverage of scientific developments investigating the possibility (not yet a reality) of using fetal ovaries as a source of ova. Despite the fact that the Christmas birth was not dependent in any way on these developments, the media linked the two events, prompting excited public response (The Scotsman, 1994a; The Guardian, 1994a; The Times, 1994.)
Nurses bear the brunt of increased admissions for mental illness
Authors: Thomas Ben
Published: November 2016

The recent rapid and disturbing increase in admissions for mental illness in inner-city areas, particularly among the younger age groups, has yet again led to a growing professional concern. The Mental Health Task Force (Department of Health, 1994a) and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (1994) have drawn attention to the high occupancy levels of admission beds in inner cities. The Audit Commission (1994) also suggests that some of the most deprived inner-city districts appear to need four times the resources for mental health services than do other districts.
Lessons to be learned from Colin Ralph's departure from the UKCC
Authors: Spinks Mary
Published: November 2016

The parting of the ways between Colin Ralph and the UKCC will be viewed in different ways by different people. However, for anyone to leave in this way is always sad; no-one who reaches such a senior post in nursing can be all bad. Nevertheless, Mr Ralph is not the only person to depart like this; other leaders of nurses in the Department of Health, and at regional, district and trust level, have also gone quietly and unexpectedly. The most recent of these was Ainna Fawcett-Henesy who made an untimely departure from the nursing directorate at the Department of Health.
Nursing management of a patient with burns
Authors: Fowler Ann
Published: November 2016

The delivery of care required for a patient with burns is a multifaceted and challenging sphere of nursing practice. This article identifies the aims of treatment, highlighting the specific nursing care during the acute phase which is currently implemented on a regional burns unit.
ERASMUS cultural exchanges in Europe
Authors: Williamson Jamie
Published: November 2016

This article addresses the history and aims of the European Community's (EC) ERASMUS cultural exchange scheme for nursing students in higher education. It also examines the process of setting up an ERASMUS network, drawing on personal experience gained over the last 3 years, in order to help those who may be contemplating ERASMUS cultural exchanges for students and staff.
Drug therapy and peptic ulceration
Authors: Kelly Jennifer
Published: November 2016

Peptic ulceration can be treated by various types of drugs including antacids, protectors, antimicrobials and acid-secretion reducers. Nurses have a role to play in administering medicines, educating patients and, in future, prescribing drugs.
Ethics and accountability in nursing people with HIV infection
Authors: Murray Elizabeth M
Published: November 2016

This article considers ethical issues in relation to exercising accountability when nursing people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A range of issues will be explored, some of which may be considered contentious.
Euthanasia: why people want to die earlier
Authors: Addington-Hall Julia , Seale Clive
Published: November 2016

Whether or not voluntary euthanasia should be legalised is one of the most difficult and emotive moral questions facing society today. Most of the literature on euthanasia debates what would (or should) happen in different hypothetical situations (e.g. Singer and Siegler, 1990) or, increasingly, describes what is happening in the Netherlands (where euthanasia under medical control is permitted) (Maas et al, 1991). We have little information on the fears of people in the UK as they become ill or frail and approach death, or on the proportion who wish to die sooner or who ask for voluntary euthanasia; we know little about what leads them to this point.
Choosing continence aids
Authors: White Helen M
Published: November 2016

Caring for people with continence problems is challenging, rewarding and every nurse's concern. This article will discuss the choice and use of continence-related aids. Future articles will examine aids for containing incontinence, their place in high quality continence care, and the importance of value for money.
Elder abuse and neglect
Authors: Kingston Paul , Phillipson Chris
Published: November 2016

Elder abuse is now being recognised as a serious social problem. This article discusses the difficulties in defining elder abuse and describes the characteristics of the abused and the abuser. It then suggests how nurses may recognise abuse and outlines the interventions that may be employed.
Implications of the EC Manual Handling of Loads Directive for nurse managers
Authors: Fiolmes Danielle F
Published: November 2016

The European Community has introduced new regulations designed to stop people being injured when moving loads at work. These rules came into effect on 1 January 1993. So far, however, many managers have done nothing about them. If nurses are injured, their employers may be liable to pay large sums in compensation. Managers must start to take these issues seriously.
Nursing intuition: can it be researched?
Authors: Kenny Christine
Published: November 2016

Drawing on the work of Gilligan (1982) and Heidegger (1962), this article explores the topic of intuition. It examines whether nursing intuition can be researched, if it is possible to develop a language of intuition, and if it is related to ‘hands-on’ experience.
Finding funds for nursing research
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

Nursing research is much talked about but there is little evidence that nurses are getting the support and resources necessary to carry it out. The Strategy for Research in Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (Department of Health, 1993) states that its two key objectives are: ‘To facilitate more and better research into nursing; and to enhance the research skills and experience of nurses, midwives and hea Ith visitors so as to increase their involvement in research in nursing and also in health service research more generally.’
Community nursing: role boundaries should be changed
Authors: Damant Margaret
Published: November 2016

The Post-Registration Education and Practice Project (PREPP) for community health care nursing (UKCC, 1993) is an important historical landmark and one that provides opportunities that are not to be missed. The UKCC initiative is the first comprehensive review of community nursing as a composite entity since the origins of the present services in the 1800s. This period has seen the Boer War and two World Wars, unprecendented socioeconomic change, and scientific and technological advances that have had a dramatic effect on clinical practice and health care systems. As a consequence there have been important changes in nursing education and practice.
Role of the nurse in thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Albarran John , Kapcluch Heather
Published: November 2016

The introduction of thrombolytic therapy has led to significant changes in the management of patients with myocardial infarction. This article reviews the current literature and discusses the role of the nurse and the implications for practice.
Telling children about their impending death
Authors: Purssell Edward
Published: November 2016

Although some parents and health care staff believe that knowledge of impending death should be withheld from children to protect them, seriously ill children usually have an awareness of death. Denial of this by parents and staff may increase the child's stress. Nurses must address the question: asked by Rimmer (1993): ‘To whom does the information of the diagnosis belong?’
Government's U-turn over Guy's: common sense or betrayal?
Authors: MacAlister Lanette
Published: November 2016

Ever since the release of the Tomlinson report (Department of Health, 1992), thousands of Londoners have lived under a cloud, uncertain of what health care provisions will be available to them in future times of need. This uncertainty was partially dispelled by Virginia Bottomley's recent announcement detailing the Government's plans for London's health services
Pain relief after major gynaecological surgery
Authors: Lovett Patrick E , Stanton Stuart L , Hennessy Deborah , Cashman Jeremy N
Published: November 2016

The effect of Voltarol, administered routinely, in reducing the postoperative requirement for opioid drugs was monitored using patient-controlled analgesia. Omnopon consumption was recorded together with pain scores. The significance of the results is discussed with reference to the dosage and timing of analgesia and to nursing practice.
Nursing care of a child with acute glomerulonephritis
Authors: Tan Lisa
Published: November 2016

Care study Ben is a 6-year-old child who was admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis 10 days after the onset of symptoms. He was an only child and lived with his parents, Ian and Sally. Before this admission he had always been fit and healthy, apart from having the usual childhood infections.
Nurse-aid management of hypothermia
Authors: Castledine George
Published: November 2016

There are certain groups in our society that are vulnerable to cold weather: the elderly, the homeless and young children. This article discusses the causes of hypothermia and outlines nurse-aid interventions and prevention strategies.
Management of patients undergoing stoma surgery
Authors: Black Patricia K
Published: November 2016

The formation of a stoma causes great anxiety and the patient may have difficulty in accepting his/her altered body image. This article describes how good preoperative counselling, siting and postoperative care can help allay patients' fears of rejection, mutilation and degradation.
Standard setting and litigation
Authors: Dimond Bridgit
Published: November 2016

Standing setting is important in improving the quality of care and in avoiding expensive litigation. Tingle (1992) emphasized that standards should be realistic and not generate unreasonable expectations. This article looks at examples of how the courts have defined acceptable standards as a yardstick in determining liability and how local standards relate to the standards applied by the courts in determining disputes.
Pressure sores: aetiology, risk factors and assessment scales
Authors: Davies Kate
Published: November 2016

Nurses have traditionally played the key role in preventing pressure sores. Recent thinking, however, suggests that a multidisciplinary approach should be implemented. It is essential that all those involved in pressure sore prevention should possess appropriate knowledge of the aetiology and be aware of the factors that increase the risk of pressure development.
Stroke-induced dysphagia in hospital: the nutritional perspective
Authors: Negus Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

Nursing staff play a key role in the multidisciplinary team responsible for treating patients with stroke-induced dysphagia. The following review describes a project set up in Bristol to develop an integrated and comprehensive service for the diagnosis, referral and management of elderly stroke patients with dysphagia.
Independence through organized self-development
Authors: Bowman Gerald
Published: November 2016

There is a need for nurses to continously develop themselves. Self-development supported by the organization is one means of developing a more involved and adaptable workforce. This article describes the introduction of such a scheme in a medical unit.
Auditing care using the Nursing Quality Measurement Scale
Authors: Wheeler Deborah
Published: November 2016

To improve patient care by more efficient use of resources it is necessary to monitor the quality and the costs of nursing. However, if clinical nurses are to use audit, they need to understand the concepts involved and the variety of approaches to quality measurement that may be used.
Treatment of hypertension in the elderly
Authors: Manship Ann
Published: November 2016

Until recently, little medical research had been carried out on the clinical implications of treating hypertension in the elderly. New evidence to support treatment in this client group, however, has now come to the fore and is discussed in this article.
Use of massage in clinical practice
Authors: Malkin Kathleen
Published: November 2016

Moves towards holistic practice in nursing have been reflected by increasing use of complementary therapies, including massage. The use of massage is viewed here in the context of both therapeutic touch and the gate theory of pain control.
Ethics in health promotion: freedom or determinism?
Authors: Jacob Frank
Published: November 2016

Nurses' beliefs about human nature will influence their interactions with clients. Health promotion can be approached from the point of view of the individual or of society as a whole. This article examines how nurses can promote the health of their clients.
Therapeutic security and the mentally-disordered offender
Authors: Burrow Stephen
Published: November 2016

Today's social climate has given rise to a widely held perception that there is an increasingly criminal population at large and that the rest of society is the innocent recipient of home burglaries, car thefts, child abuse, violent assault, arson, serial killing and terrorism.
Hip fractures: can nursing make the difference?
Authors: Santy Julie
Published: November 2016

This article examines the problems that face nurses caring for elderly patients with hip fractures. It identifies a need for further nursing development and research in this area, in order to improve outcomes for this group of patients.
A day surgery patient telephone follow-up survey
Authors: Hawkshaw David
Published: November 2016

Day surgery units must increase their workload while still providing a quality service. Patients' ratings of pain control, comfort and satisfaction with the service have implications both ethically and for purchaser/provider contracts. Telephoning patients after surgery provides evidence of good practice or the need for its revision.
Definition of nursing: 1
Authors: Roper Nancy
Published: November 2016

A definitive description of nursing has always seemed to elude nurse theorists. Roper's nursing model based on the Activities of Living has played a key role in defining and developing nursing over the past two decades. In this article, the first in a two-part series, Nancy Roper recollects past experiences that have formed her view of nursing.
Sick children deserve a better quality of care
Authors: Nethercott Sally
Published: November 2016

The recent Royal College of Nursing (RCN) report The Care of Sick Children: A Review of the Guidelines in the Wake of the Allitt Inquiry (RCN, 1994) emphasises that guidance on the care of sick children is too easily ignored. Why is it that those caring for children have had such difficulty convincing others to take the needs of sick children and their families seriously?
Establishing a dressings formulary
Authors: Morgan David
Published: November 2016

Choices have to be made between the multitude of dressings available, and especially between products with the same characteristics and features. This article describes how to compile, maintain, monitor and review a dressings formulary.
Blood pressure measurement: rational and ritual actions
Authors: O'Brien David , Davison Maria
Published: November 2016

There is a prevailing wisdom that the taking and recording of arterial blood pressure is a non-problematic nursing activity. However, closer scrutiny reveals that the practices surrounding blood pressure measurement are subject to rational and ritual actions that have considerable significance for nursing practice.
Nursing as a research-based profession: 22 years after Briggs
Authors: English Ian
Published: November 2016

This review examines the growth of nursing research in the UK over the past 22 years and questions nursing's claim to be a research-based profession, as the consensus of opinion is that research findings have generally failed to influence clinical practice.
Peplau's model of nursing: caring for a man with AIDS
Authors: Hall Karen
Published: November 2016

Harry was a 57-year-old man who had inherited haemophilia. He was quite disabled as a result of regular bleeding into his joints. In 1986, Harry was diagnosed as HIV positive, having been treated with infected factor VIII. Six years later he was in the terminal stage of AIDS.
RCN report highlights the limitations of The Patient's Charter
Authors: Herriott Sue , Morris Mervyn
Published: November 2016

The Patient's Charter (Department of Health, 1991) has achieved more tangible results for health managers than it has for users of the health services. While intending to enhance the rights of patients, it has worked more effectively as a management tool, securing purchaser/provider accountability and setting contract standards.
Diabetes mellitus: implications for nursing care
Authors: Walton Jane , Brand Stuart
Published: November 2016

Like so many aspects of nursing, diabetes care has changed over the years. This article will look at the condition of diabetes mellitus and its implications for care and examine some of the relevant physiological mechanisms, also in relation to care.
The effect of nursing activities on intracranial pressure
Authors: Chudlcy Steve
Published: November 2016

Raised intracranial pressure is an abnormal phenomenon that has major implications for the nursing management of patients with associated conditions. This article surveys the major research studies into the effect of nursing activities on intracranial pressure.
If something had gone wrong…
Authors: Young Bill , Dimond Bridgit
Published: November 2016

Bill Young presents a case study of a patient attending a small hospital that does not provide 24-hour medical cover; Professor Bridgit Dimond discusses some of the legal issues that arise.
Nurse-aid management of burns
Authors: Stobcrt Lynda
Published: November 2016

With over 75% of burns occurring in the home it is essential that nurses are aware of the main principles of treatment. This article outlines the nurse-aid management of burns to help reduce the severity of the damage.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: November 2016

Introduction:

Control of giardiasis in kennelled dogs requires treatment of all dogs with fenbendazole for 10 days, coupled with bathing the dogs and environmental cleansing.
Balancing disease control strategies with fulfilling cats' welfare needs in the shelter environment
Authors: Roberts Margaret A
Published: November 2016

The nature of the shelter environment means that both infectious disease and stress are common in cats, and it can be difficult to manage both of these successfully and fulfil all the feline welfare needs. A fundamental understanding of cat behaviour and how the domestic cat has evolved is crucial, and this needs to be applied to all aspects of their care including pen design, environmental enrichment, scent continuity, handling and socialisation, as well as to feed into lay staff training.
Risks from exposure to petroleum distillates in pets
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: November 2016

Petroleum distillates include white spirit, petrol, engine oil, hair clipper oil, barbecue lighter fuels and many others. They are therefore commonly available in most homes. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal signs, and significant oral exposure can also result in neurological signs but the greatest risk is aspiration pneumonia and pneumonitis. Even aspiration of a small volume may result in severe pulmonary dysfunction and hypoxaemia, due to widespread diffusion into the lungs and deep penetration into the distal airways. Prolonged dermal exposure can cause irritation and even burns. Emesis and gastric lavage are contraindicated after ingestion of petroleum distillate-based products and treatment is supportive with decontamination and assessment and management of pulmonary complications.
Avian fungal diseases
Authors: Kubiak Marie
Published: November 2016

Avian patients can present with fungal diseases, often as a consequence of immunosuppression or husbandry deficiencies. Aspergillosis was discussed in this journal earlier this year ( Carrasso and Forbes, 2016 ), therefore this article focuses on diagnosis and treatment of the remaining common fungal diseases in birds, candidiasis and avian gastric yeast, with a brief discussion of less-common fungal diseases.
The precariousness of knowledge workers: hybridisation, self-employment and subjectification
Authors: Annalisa Murgia  , Lara Maestripieri  , Emiliana Armano
Published: November 2016

In knowledge-based industries, work is circumscribed by the cognitive frames of creativity in the representations of subjects, but simultaneously demands adaptability, in a context in which deregulation and individualisation are now normal. The ethics of self-activation are therefore inextricably intertwined with the demands of intensification, standardisation and self-commodification. The first volume of this Special Issue – which is made up of two different parts – focuses on the phenomena of hybridisation, self-employment and subjectification, at the core of the experiences of precarious workers in knowledge societies. This article introduces the first part of the two-part Special Issue on the precariousness of knowledge workers.
Nutritional status and hemoglobin level in elementary schoolchildren
Authors: Jumrakh Marlina , Lubis Iskandar Z. , Azis Noval
Published: November 2016

A study was conducted in 1999 to determine nutritional status and hemoglobin level and their correlation among students in two primary schools in at Binjai, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Nutritional status was measured based on weight for age (W/A), height for age (H/A) and weight for height (W/H) according to NCHS criteria. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level of less than 12 g/dl as measured with cyanmethemoglobin. Ninety-six children were available for analysis. We found that based on W/A, H/A and W/H, there were 23 (23%), 16 (17%), 11 (12%) of children suffered from protein energy malnutrition (PEM), respectively. There were 48 (50%) children with anemia. Children with PEM and anemia were 13 (59%), 9 (56%) and 9 (82%) respectively. In conclusion we found that not all of new students in those primary schools were healthy. There was correlation between anemia and PEM based on W/H measurement, but not when compared to W/A and H/A criteria.
Correlation between gut pathogens and fecal calprotectin levels in young children with acute diarrhea
Authors: Lam Yanever Angela , Warouw Sarah M. , Wahani Audrey M.I. , Manoppo Jeanette I.C. , Salendu Praevilia Margareth
Published: November 2016

Background In cases of acute diarrhea, it is difficult to distinguishbetween bact erial and non-bacterial causes . Increased fecalcalprotectin (f-CP) level is a marker of neutrophil migration in theintestinal lumen and is associated with intes tinal inflammation.Previous studies reported an increase in f-CP levels in childrenwith acute diarrhea, which is caused by bacteria, but only fewhave studied the relationship between intestinal pathogens withf-CP levels in acute diarrhea.Objective To assess for a correlation between gut pathogens andfecal calprotectin levels in children with acute diarrhea.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study between Julyto November 2012 on children aged 1-5 ye ars with acutediarrhea, and underwent routine blood tests, stool microscopy,f-CP tests, and stool cultures. We used a simple linear regressionand correlation analysis with a significance level of P< 0.05.Results Forty-two children enrolled in this study. The mean age ofsubjects was 2.27 (SD 134) years. Theirmeanf-CP level was 93.88(SD 14.68) μg/g. On microscopic stool examination, 26 patients( 61.9%) had positive leukocytes, 1 had Ancy lo stoma duodenale, 1had Ascaris lumbricoides, and 2 had Blastocystis hominis. Positivestool cultures were found in 14 children (33.3%) with acutediarrhea. There was a significant positive correlation between gutpathogens and f-CP levels (r=0.605; P< 0.0001).Conclusion In young children with acute diarrhea, the averagef-CP levels are higher in those with positive intestinal pathogens.
Reducing dyspeptic symptoms in children: proton pump inhibitor vs. H2 receptor antagonist
Authors: Febriani Tien Budi , Widowati Titis , Juffrie Mohammad
Published: November 2016

Background Dyspepsia is known as a leading cause of uppergastrointestinal tract morbidity. If left untreated, dyspepsia maybecome chronic. Dyspeptic symptoms manifest as epigastricpain, heartburn, nausea, hematemesis, or melena. Experimentalstudies have shown that omeprazole is more effective at reducingheartburn than ranitidine in adults. However, there have beenfew studies comparing the effects of proton pump inhibitorsto Hz receptor antagonists for reducing dyspeptic symptoms inchildren.Objective To compare the effect of omeprazole with ranitidinefor reducing dyspeptic symptoms .Methods We performed a double-blind randomized controlledtrial (RCT) at Sardjito Hospital and three community h ealthcenters in the Sleman District from June to November 2012.We recruited children aged 3-18 years with dyspepsia. Subjectswere allocated into two groups using block randomization:the proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) and the Hz receptorantagonist (ranitidine) groups. According to the groups, eitheromeprazole (0.4-0 .8 mg/kg/dose) or ranitidine (2-4 mg/kg/dose) ,respectively, were taken twice daily for 5 days. Dyspepsia wasclinically diagnosed using the new Rome III criteria. Both groupswere monitored for 5 days to assess for a reduction of dyspepticsymptoms.Results Significantly more subjects in the omeprazole grouprecovered from dyspeptic symptoms than in the ranitidine group(RR= 4.87; 95%CI 1.5 to 15.3; P=0.005).Conclusion Omeprazole was 4.87 (95% CI 1.5 to 15.3) timesbetter than ranitidine in reducing dyspeptic symptoms on childrenaged 3-18 years with dyspepsia.
Comparing sleep disorders in urban and suburban adolescents
Authors: Nur'aini Nur'aini , Sofyani Sri , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Lubis Iskandar Z.
Published: November 2016

Background Sleep disturbances commonly occur in adolescents. Socioeconomic levels, lifestyle, and urban or suburban environments influence the sleep patterns of adolescents. The modernization process in urban environments is marked by the development of information technology media, and the lack of parental monitoring potentially influencing adolescent sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances may affect children's physical growth, as well as their emotional, cognitive, and social development.Objective To assess for sleep disorders in urban and suburban adolescents, and to determine the factors that influence the prevalence of sleep disturbances.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 12 to 15-year-old junior high school students in urban (n=350) and suburban (n=350) environments in the city of Medan, North Sumatera. The study was undertaken from May to June 2010 using the Sleep Disorders Scale for Children (SDSC), a set of questionnaires. The SDSC was filled out by parents based on what they remembered about their children's sleep patterns in the prior 6 months.Results In the urban group, there were 133 (38.0%) subjects with sleep disturbances, 182 (52.0%) were borderline, and 35 (10.0%) were normal. In the suburban group, there were 132 (37.7%) subjects with sleep disturbances, 180 (51.4%) were borderline, and 38 (10.9%) were normal. The most influential factors for sleep disturbances in urban and suburban youth were environmental noise (P=0.001) and consuming beverages that contain caffeine (P=0.001). There were three types of sleep disorders that significantly found more in urban adolescents: disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, disorders of excessive somnolence, and sleep hyperhidrosis.Conclusion The prevalence of sleep disturbances do not differ between urban and suburban adolescents. Howevet; there are significant differences in the types of sleep disorders experienced. The most influential factors on sleep disturbance in both areas are environmental noise and consuming beverages that contain caffeine.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker for acute kidney injury in children after cardiac surgery
Authors: Hanindita Meta Herdiana , Prasetyo Riskky Vitria , Soemyarso Ninik Asmaningsih , Utamayasa I Ketut Alit , Tahalele Paul
Published: November 2016

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still diagnosed by measuring the estimated creatinine clearance (eCCl), despite the fact that it may not change until 50% or more of kidney function has been lost. AKI after cardiac surgery is related to prolonged intensive care, decreased quality of life, and increased long term mortality. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) represents an early biomarker of AKI, which may be useful for assessing AKI in cardiac patients.Objective To determine the validity of urinary and plasma NGAL as biomarkers for AKI in children after cardiac surgery.Methods Subjects were children who underwent cardiac surgery in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia from August 2013 to January 2014. Serial urine and blood samples were analyzed for NGAL before surgery, as well as at 2h, 4h, 12h, and 24h after surgery. The AKI was established based on pRIFLE criteria. Estimated creatinine clearance (eCCl) was calculated from the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), according to age by the traditional Schwartz formula. Serum creatinine was assayed by the Jaffe method before surgery, as well as at 12h, 24h, 48h, and 72h after surgery.Results Of 20 subjects, 5 developed AKI. Urinary and plasma NGAL increased markedly at 2h postoperatively, as compared to eGFR which showed a rise at 12-48 h after cardiac surgery. Analysis of 2h post-operative urinary NGAL at a cut off value of 11.270ng/mL yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00 (95%CI 2.63 to 12.13), with sensitivity and specificity of 100% each for AKI. In addition, 2h post-operative plasma NGAL at a cut off value of 8.385 ng/mL yielded an AUC of 1.00 (95%CI 3.71 to 12.15) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% each for AKI.Conclusion Urinary and plasma NGAL are valid as early biomarkers for AKI in children after cardiac surgery.
Observations of Heterospecific Courtship Behaviour in an Isolated Population of Ross’s Gulls (Rhodostethia rosea)
Authors: Maftei Mark , Davis Shanti E. , Mallory Mark L.
Published: November 2016

Heterospecific sexual behaviour is notable because it should be strongly deterred by natural and sexual selection. Here we report observations of both male and female Ross’s Gulls (Rhodostethia rosea) routinely engaging in sexual displays directed towards other species during the breeding season at a small, remote colony in the Canadian High Arctic. We suggest that in small, reproductively isolated populations, directing stereotyped courtship displays towards heterospecific partners may allow individuals to advertise fitness and experience to both male and female conspecifics and also accelerate hormonal development and readiness to mate during the brief and unpredictable High Arctic breeding season.
On the regularity of solutions of one-dimensional variational obstacle problems
Authors: Mandallena Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2016

We study the regularity of solutions of one-dimensional variational obstacle problems inW1,1{W^{1,1}}when the Lagrangian is locally Hölder continuous and globally elliptic. In the spirit of the work of Sychev [5, 6, 7], a direct method is presented for investigating such regularity problems with obstacles. This consists of introducing a general subclassℒ{\mathcal{L}}ofW1,1{W^{1,1}}, related in a certain way to one-dimensional variational obstacle problems, such that every function ofℒ{\mathcal{L}}has Tonelli’s partial regularity, and then to prove that, depending on the regularity of the obstacles, solutions of corresponding variational problems belong toℒ{\mathcal{L}}. As an application of this direct method, we prove that if the obstacles areC1,σ{C^{1,\sigma}}, then every Sobolev solution has Tonelli’s partial regularity.
Zur systematischen Bestimmung flacher Ausgänge nichtlinearer Mehrgrößensysteme
Authors: Fritzsche Klemens , Franke Matthias , Knoll Carsten , Röbenack Klaus
Published: November 2016

Der vorliegende Artikel leistet einen Beitrag zur systematischen Untersuchung nichtlinearer Systeme bezüglich Flachheit.
Es wird ein Algorithmus vorgeschlagen, der ausgehend von einer Linearisierung um eine beliebige Trajektorie eine
sog. unimodulare Vervollständigung der Tangentialsystemmatrix liefert. Um Flachheit schließlich nachzuweisen und einen
flachen Ausgang des nichtlinearen Systems zu bestimmen, muss diese Vervollständigung zusätzlich bestimmten
Integrabilitätsbedingungen genügen. Unter Zuhilfenahme einer frei verfügbaren Implementierung des Algorithmus wird die
systematische Flachheitsuntersuchung am Beispiel des Brückenkrans ausführlich demonstriert. Weiterhin ergeben sich in
einigen Fällen erhebliche Vereinfachungen, was beispielhaft am kinematischen Fahrzeugmodell gezeigt wird.
The Impacts of Rural Property Rights on Urban Unemployment, Wage Inequality, and Welfare in Developing Countries
Authors: Pi Jiancai , Ge Yang , Yin Jun
Published: November 2016

This paper establishes a three-sector general equilibrium model to explore how rural property rights influence urban unemployment, skilled-unskilled wage inequality and social welfare in developing countries. Strengthened rural property rights generate the rent-gaining effect and the productivity-enhancing effect, and the interaction of these two effects determines the changes of urban unemployment, skilled-unskilled wage inequality and social welfare. In addition to the aforementioned two effects, the agricultural sector’s wage elasticity of unskilled labor demand also matters for the change of wage inequality.
GC-MS Characterisation of Products of Oxidation of Thiophenes Using the Fenton and Related Reagents
Authors: Sökmen Münewer , Allen David W. , Clench Malcolm R. , Hewson Alan T.
Published: November 2016

The oxidative degradation of thiophene, 2-methyl- and 3-methyl-thiophene, and their intermediate oxidation products, by the Fenton and related reagents, has been studied. Hydroxylated thiophenes were the main intermediate oxidation products, but a range of other apparently radical-derived oxidation products was also characterized. The ease of oxidisability was established as thiophene > 2-methylthiophene > 3-methylthiophene. Of the metal ion-hydrogen peroxide reagents studied, the Fenton system (Fell) was generally the most effective and the range of oxidation products formed was largely independent of the reagent used.
Solar Pilot-scale Photocatalytic Degradation of Microcystin-LR
Authors: Feitz Andrew J. , Waite T. David , Boyden Brace H. , Jones Gary J.
Published: November 2016

A solar immobilized-catalyst photocatalytic reactor design and TiO
TiO2-Photosensitized Decomposition of Dye Pollutant Sulforhodamine B Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Liu Guangming , Zhao Jincai
Published: November 2016

The dye pollutant sulforhodamine B can be degraded in aqueous TiO
Structure - Activity Relations for the Photodegradation Reactions of Monosubstituted Anilines in TiO2 Suspensions
Authors: San Nevim , Çımar Zekiye
Published: November 2016

The kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation reactions of nine different monosubstituted anilines have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. With the intention of finding certain indices in order to determine the degradation rates of aromatic pollutants, geometry optimizations of the anilines have been performed with the semi-empirical PM3 method. The molecular orbital calculations have been carried out by a self-consistent field SCF method using the restricted Hartree-Fock RHF formalism. The correlations between the apparent first-order rate constants and the molecular properties of the compounds have been examined. Three different quantitative structure-activity relationships, QSARs were developed expressing the logarithms of the rate constants in terms of the Brown constants σ
Measurements of Electron Energy by Emission Spectroscopy in Pulsed Corona and Dielectric Barrier Discharges
Authors: Kim Yongho , Hong Sang Hee , Cha Min Suk , Song Young-Hoon , Kim Seock Joon
Published: November 2016

Electric field distributions and average electron energies are measured by an optical emission spectroscopic method to investigate streamer characteristics in a pulsed corona discharge (PCD) and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in atmospheric air. In PCD, average electron energies appear to be in the range of 10 ~ 12 eV along the streamers. Time-resolved measurements show that streamers in DBD have a relatively low value of average electron energy of 9 ~ 10 eV. Enhancement of the electron energy is observed when DBD is operated in a non-uniform geometry, such as dielectric barrier with a hole.
Removal of Gaseous Acetaldehyde via a Silent Discharge Reactor Packed with Al2O3 Beads
Authors: Lee How Ming , Chang Moo Been
Published: November 2016

A packed-bed silent discharge plasma (PBSDP) reactor was constructed by filling dielectric materials in a cylinder silent discharge plasma reactor with the gap of 18.5 mm. The dielectric materials assessed included Al
Evaluation of Pulsed Power Sources for Plasma Generation
Authors: Yan K. , Winands G. J . J. , Nair S. A. , Heesch E. J. M. van , Pemen A. J. M. , Jong I. de
Published: November 2016

This paper reports repetitive pulsed power sources for generation of pulsed streamer corona and electrohydraulic spark discharge plasmas, respectively. Single- and multiple-switch circuit topologies are used for scaling the average power up. For positive streamer corona plasma, ultra-short (~ 50 ns) hybrid pulsedpower technologies have been under investigations with an industrial pilot system. For electrohydraulic spark discharge plasma, an all solid-switch pulsed power technology has been developed and introduced into the market since 2002. This paper also discusses critical circuit elements, such as heavy-duty thyristor, transmission line transformer, and triggered spark-gap switch, and their industrial applications.
Pulsed Multipoint-to-Plate Corona Discharge for VOC Abatement
Authors: Magureanu Monica , Mandache Nicolae Bogdan , Ruset Cristian
Published: November 2016

This contribution reports investigations on a pulsed corona discharge in multipoint-to-plate configuration, with the aim of total oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC), in particular toluene. Both long pulses (1-2 ms), and short pulses (100 ns) were used. Much higher discharge currents (6-8 A) and energy per pulse (8-15 mJ) were obtained when using the short pulses, as compared to the values for long pulses (0.5 A , 1.5 mJ). Preliminary experiments in mixtures of air and toluene showed toluene conversion in the plasma of 25-30%, with CO
Experimental Study on the Effect of Different Noble Gas Admixtures on the Gas Temperature of Oxygen Plasma
Authors: Naoi K. , Sakamoto T. , Matsuura H. , Akatsuka H.
Published: November 2016

We measured rotational temperature of oxygen plasma by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in order to examine approximate value of its gas temperature. We generated microwave discharge oxygen plasma in a cylindrical quartz tube whose inner diameter 26 mm with its discharge pressure 0.5 - 2.0 Torr. We measured the band spectrum of radiative transition A
Bioassay Test Protocol and Results for the Inactivation of Microbes in Drinking Water With a Water Treatment System Using a Low Pressure Mercury Lamp
Authors: Taylor Roy M. , Hoyt Anne , VanderKooi Karen J. , Conrad Kenneth E.
Published: November 2016

The need for reliable and effective means of treating drinking water to prevent illness due to consumption of microbe contaminated water has been realized as early as the 19th century. The development of ultraviolet light as a means of disinfecting water, which began as early as 1901, it's advantages and disadvantages are outlined in this paper. More importantly, system devices used in water treatment must have proper design, developed through awareness of flow dynamics, the impact on ultraviolet output imparted by water characteristics both organic and inorganic, and a knowledge of microbial inactivation requirements. Reliable and valid methods of performance evaluation are important to ensure standardized industry practices, thereby safeguarding the consumer. This paper discusses various standard test methods for evaluating performance of UV water treatment devices, with test results for such a device.