bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Benders Decomposition for the Two-Dimensional Bin Packing Problem
Authors: Côté Jean-François , Haouari Mohamed , Iori Manuel
Published: January 2021

The two-dimensional bin packing problem calls for packing a set of rectangular items into a minimal set of larger rectangular bins. Items must be packed with their edges parallel to the borders of the bins, cannot be rotated, and cannot overlap among them. The problem is of interest because it models many real-world applications, including production, warehouse management, and transportation. It is, unfortunately, very difficult, and instances with just 40 items are unsolved to proven optimality, despite many attempts, since the 1990s. In this paper, we solve the problem with a combinatorial Benders decomposition that is based on a simple model in which the two-dimensional items and bins are just represented by their areas, and infeasible packings are imposed by means of exponentially many no-good cuts. The basic decomposition scheme is quite naive, but we enrich it with a number of preprocessing techniques, valid inequalities, lower bounding methods, and enhanced algorithms to produce the strongest possible cuts. The resulting algorithm behaved very well on the benchmark sets of instances, improving on average on previous algorithms from the literature and solving for the first time a number of open instances.

Summary of Contribution: We address the two-dimensional bin packing problem (2D-BPP), which calls for packing a set of rectangular items into a minimal set of larger rectangular bins. The 2D-BPP is a very difficult generalization of the standard one-dimensional bin packing problem, and it has been widely studied in the past because it models many real-world applications, including production, warehouse management, and transportation. We solve the 2D-BPP with a combinatorial Benders decomposition that is based on a model in which the two-dimensional items and bins are represented by their areas, and infeasible packings are imposed by means of exponentially many no-good cuts. The basic decomposition scheme is quite naive, but it is enriched with a number of preprocessing techniques, valid inequalities, lower bounding methods, and enhanced algorithms to produce the strongest possible cuts. The algorithm we developed has been extensively tested on the most well-known benchmark set from the literature, which contains 500 instances. It behaved very well, improving on average upon previous algorithms, and solving for the first time a number of open instances. We analyzed in detail several configurations before obtaining the best one and discussed several insights from this analysis in the manuscript.
The predator-prey model on squids and anchovies fisheries in Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wijayanto Dian , Bambang Azis , Kurohman Faik
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Wijayanto D, Bambang AN, Kurohman F. 2020. The predator-prey model on squids and anchovies fisheries in Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5698-5703. Traditional fisheries dominate marine fisheries in Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia, including the lift net. The catch of the lift net includes squids and anchovies. The ecological relationship between squids and anchovies must be investigated to develop squids and anchovies management. Without proper modeling, the management of anchovies and squids can lead to over-exploitation of both types of commodities. This study aimed to develop the predator-prey model of squids and anchovies fish in the Jepara District. We conducted predator-prey modeling in squids and anchovies using production and fishing effort data from 2010 to 2019. This research showed a predator-prey relationship between squids (as a predator) and anchovies (as prey) in Jepara District. The anchovy’s production function follows the equation: CA = 14,507 E-51 E2 + 0.41 CS or CA = 4,444 E-15.49 E2. The production function of squids follows the equation: CS = 35,156 E-124 E2-2.42 CA or CS = 24,385 E-86 E2. The optimal fishing effort for anchovies and squids production is 144 units of lift net and 141 units of lift net.
Short Communication: Relationship between interferon-tau level (IFN- τ) and embryo mortality incident in Aceh cattle
Authors: MELIA JULI , Siregar Tongku , ALFAHMI LUTHFY , HUSNURRIZAL HUSNURRIZAL , SAUMAR HENDRA , MUKHTAR MUKHTAR , MEUTIA NELLITA , PANJAITAN BUDIANTO , ARMANSYAH TEUKU
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Melia J, Siregar TN, Alfahmi L, Husnurrizal, Saumar H, Mukhtar, Meutia N, Panjaitan B, Armansyah T. 2020. Short Communication: Relationship between interferon-tau level (IFN- τ) and embryo mortality incident in Aceh cattle. Biodiversitas 21: 5758-5762. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between interferon-tau level (IFN-τ) and the incidence of embryo mortality in Aceh cattle from the Province of Aceh, Indonesia. Data were obtained from four Aceh cattle, aged 3-5 years and body weight of 150-250 kg. The cattle were clinically healthy, with at least two regular reproduction cycles, and a pregnant status after estrous synchronization and artificial insemination. This process was carried out on a 10-day interval using the intramuscular administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) hormone, at a dose of 25 mg, with double injection pattern. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on day 14 to 18 post-insemination for the assessment of IFN-τ concentration, which was measured using the enzyme linked-immunoassay (ELISA) method and the bovine interferon ELISA kit (Cusabio Technology LLC AII, USA). In addition, the transrectal ultrasonography method was used to test the pregnancy and embryo mortality of the cattle on the 25th day. The examination was repeated every 10 days until day 55. The IFN-τ concentrations of pregnant cows against those with embryo mortality on the 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th day, were 12.066±8.222 vs 17.853±11.126, 12.983±3.491 vs 20.503±3.858, 12.193±4.535 vs 16.458±8.065, 10.143±5.370 vs 17.604±1.888, and 12.767±7.753 vs 15.096±6.955 pg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the embryo mortality in Aceh cattle is not related to IFN-τ.
The detection of plantaricin-encoding genes and their amino acid profiles in Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 isolated from Indonesian native chicken
Authors: BASA ELISABETH LOVIAN ULI , Abinawanto Abinawanto , SOPHIAN A. , JULENDRA H. , SOFYAN A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Elisabeth LUB, Abinawanto, Sophian A, Julendra H, Sofyan A. 2020. The detection of plantaricin-encoding genes and amino acid profile in Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 isolated from Indonesian native chicken. Biodiversitas 21: 5792-5799. Plantaricin-encoding genes of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 which was isolated from Indonesian native chicken has been characterized using DNA sequencing technology. In order to substitute antibiotics for chickens and enhance probiotics in their gut, characterization of the indigenous probiotics in the chicken should be conducted. A potential probiotic in native chicken gut is Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30. Genes that harbor the bacteriocin biosynthesis of the strain were reported for the first time. The bacterium has diverse plantaricin genes, i.e., plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK and plnO. According to the dendrogram, the five plantaricin genes were closely related to plnA, plnE, plnF, plnJ, plnK and plnO genes from L. plantarum WCFS1, L. plantarum C11, and L. plantarum V90. Intriguingly, besides various plantaricin-encoding genes, another important probiotic property in L. plantarum AKK30 is cholesterol-lowering activity. Amino acid profiling also indicated proteolysis activity and probiotic potential, for instance, GABA production. Thus, L. plantarum AKK30 may be added in chicken broiler’s diet to provide probiotic benefits.
Short Communication: MADS-box genes expression in seedlings of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. resistance to Ganoderma boninense
Authors: HAYATI RAHMAH , LISNAWITA LISNAWITA , MUNIR ERMAN , BASYUNI MOHAMMAD
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Hayati R, Lisnawita, Munir E, Basyuni M. 2020. Short Communication: MADS-box genes expression in seedlings of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. resistance to Ganoderma boninense. Biodiversitas 21: 5805-5810. Advances in molecular technology were allowed the molecular studies of the flowering genes to expected to be used to predict oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) fruit production. This study aims to identify the genetic structure associated with flowering genes, belonging to the MADS-box gene family of E. guineensis to Ganoderma boninense susceptible and resistance types. Different length of expression genes was identified for each population displayed the single band pattern. On the basis of UVITEC-1D methods, all populations (RA, RS, SS, and SA) detected overall expression in primer EGGLO and EGDEF. Moreover, several populations (SS, SA, RA) were not expressed in primer EGSQUA, EGAGL2, and EGAG. Based on the GENEALEX results, 5 sets of MADS-box family markers showed Na values were 2.20 to 3.00, and He values were 0.40–0.67. High polymorphism information content (PIC > 0.50) was found in Resistance Asymptomatic (RA) and Susceptible Asymptomatic (SA) populations (PIC = 0.82). The phylogenetic tree described clustering for populations based on genetic distances. The dendrogram was constructed with two cluster groups. The first cluster was described as resistance asymptomatic and symptomatic population. Furthermore, the second cluster consisted of two clustering susceptible asymptomatic and symptomatic populations, separately. Several oil palm genes resistant symptomatic and asymptomatic was found in one cluster, similarly in susceptible symptomatic and asymptomatic grouped more closely. This phenomenon is likely to be the sampling rate and the addictive nature of parent crossing derivatives.
Freshwater fish diversity in three tributary streams in Serayu Basin, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suryaningsih Suhestri , Bhagawati Dian , Sukmaningrum Sri , Sugiharto Sugiharto , I gusti agung Ayu ratna
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Suryaningsih S, Bhagawati D, Sukmaningrum S, Sugiharto, Puspitasari IGAAR. 2020. Freshwater fish diversity in three tributary streams in Serayu Basin, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5811-5817. Determining the diversity of freshwater fish species in Central Java, Indonesia has been confounded by temporal and spatial limitations in past studies. The Serayu Basin is a large watershed in Central Java that is believed to have high freshwater fish diversity. We aimed to determine the diversity and community structure of freshwater fish species in three tributaries of the Serayu, elucidate the factors influencing this diversity, and determine the extent to which these tributaries contribute to the total freshwater fish species richness for southwest Central Java. We conducted gill net sampling from May to August 2018 on the Tulis, Mrawu, and Kali Sapi Rivers located at Banjanegara district Sampling followed a random group technique in upstream, midstream, and downstream river sections of each tributary. In total, we observed 21 freshwater fish species. Broadly, fish species diversity was relatively low in the study area, and water temperature and dissolved oxygen were important in maintaining fish diversity. These three tributaries house 27–46% of the freshwater fish species reported for southern Central Java.
The dynamics of Arthropod diversity and abundance in rice field ecosystem in Central Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Thei Ruth Stella Petrunella , Abadi Abdul Latief , Mudjiono Gatot , Suprayogo Didik
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Thei RSP, Abadi AL, Mudjiono G, Suprayogo D. 2020. The dynamics of Arthropod diversity and abundance in rice field ecosystem in Central Lombok, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5850-5857. Arthropods have roles as pests, decomposers, pollinators, and natural enemies of pests. Natural enemies play a vital role in pest population control by predation or parasitism. A study of the arthropod community in the rice field ecosystem was conducted in Central Lombok, Indonesia from December 2009 to March 2010 in order to elucidate the composition, structure, and dynamic diversity of arthropods present. Arthropod sampling was done by pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, and insect net. Arthropod dynamic diversity, especially of natural enemies, was determined by diversity index, dominance index, evenness analysis, and pictorial analysis. Based on taxonomical perspective, as many as 98 arthropod species were found, including 85 insect species from 59 families and 9 orders; and 13 spider species in 6 families. Based on the ecological functions, predator arthropods were the most common (33 species, dominated by spiders), but the phytophage arthropods had the most species richness (49.34%). A high Shannon index (3.18) and Pilou index (0.7) indicated dominant arthropods in the ecosystem. Arthropod species richness and diversity increased alongside rice development and decreased after harvest.
Short Communication: Detection and expression analysis of the bile salt hydrolase gene in Pediococcus and Lactobacillus
Authors: Widodo Widodo , Yana Nuratri , Ari Surya Sukarno , Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Widodo, Nuratri Y, Sukarno AS, Ahyuningsih TD. 2020. Short Communication: Detection and expression analysis of the bile salt hydrolase gene in Pediococcus and Lactobacillus. Biodiversitas 21: 5901-5905. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) has been considered an important enzyme that is produced in response to bile stress. The bsh gene reportedly encodes BSH in lactic acid bacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect and measure the changes in bsh gene expression in Pediococcus pentosaceus M103, Lactobacillus casei AP, Lactobacillus casei AG, and Lactobacillus paracasei M104. A BSH primer was used in amplifying the bacterial genomic DNA, and the obtained amplicon was then sequenced and analyzed in order to detect genes homologous to bsh. Changes in expression levels were measured in three concentrations of bile salts: 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% (w/v). The BSH primer produced amplicons 850 to 950 kb in length. Amino acid sequences from the amplicons were determined to be similar to the product sequence of BSH. The level of expression of the bsh gene was altered in every concentration of bile salts in the growth medium with bsh genes from P. pentosaceus M103 were induced by bile salts at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.3% (w/v). We conclude that P. pentosaceus M103 may make suitable probiotic candidates that can tolerate conjugated bile acids.
Documentation of medicinal plants used by Aneuk Jamee tribe in Kota Bahagia Sub-district, South Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Suwardi Adi Bejo , MARDUDI MARDUDI , Zidni Ilman Navia  , BAIHAQI BAIHAQI , MUNTAHA MUNTAHA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Suwardi AB, Mardudi, Navia ZI, Baihaqi, Muntaha. 2021. Documentation of medicinal plants used by Aneuk Jamee tribe in Kota Bahagia sub-district, South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 6-15. Aneuk Jamee is one of the ethnic communities living along the western-south coast of Aceh. Various plants are used by the Aneuk Jamee tribe as a traditional medicine in treating diseases and disorders. The aim of this study was therefore to document the medicinal plants used by the Aneuk Jamee tribe in the Kota Bahagia sub-district, South Aceh, Indonesia. This study was conducted in three villages, namely Jombo Keupok, Seuneubok Kuranji, and Alur Dua Mas, Kota Bahagia subdistrict, South Aceh District, Aceh Province. This study was based on field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people. Interviews were performed with 60 informants selected by using the Snowball Sampling technique. A total of 96 medicinal plant species, consisting of 50 families, have been documented to be used by the Aneuk Jamee tribe in the Kota Bahagia subdistrict. Fifty-nine (61%) species are cultivated and 37 (39%) species are wild. Leaves are the most widely used plant part (28%), followed by the fruit (19%), flower and tuber (6% each), seed (3%), and sap (2%) and the main mode of preparations are decoction (60%), followed by raw consumption (14%), smeared (10%), pounded (7%), dropped (6%), and affixed and squeezed (1% each). The high informant consensus factor (ICF=0.98) was assigned to the diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism category.
Short Communication: Species composition and diversity of vegetation in dryland agricultural landscape
Authors: Ardiyaningrum Ida , BUDIASTUTI MARIA THERESIA SRI , KOMARIAH KOMARIAH
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ardiyaningrum I, Budiastuti MTS, Komariah. 2021. Short Communication: Species composition and diversity of vegetation in dryland agricultural landscape. Biodiversitas 22: 65-71. Drylands are a part of the terrestrial ecosystems with a relatively larger area compared to wetlands. Selo has dryland with steep slopes and high rainfall, resulting in relatively high soil erosion. The land use in this sub-district is dominated by plantations and agriculture, with conditions that have not been fully balanced by trees as a means of controlling erosion and supporting vegetation diversity. Therefore, studies on biodiversity are important as an indicator of dryland sustainability, especially in terms of soil and water conservations. This research aimed to study the species composition and diversity of vegetation in the dryland agricultural landscape in Selo Sub-district, Boyolali District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Vegetation analysis was performed by using the quadratic sampling technique for tree category, pole category, sapling category, and seedling categories. The results indicated that Fabaceae had the highest number of species. Tree species with the highest Importance Value Index were Toona sureni, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Casuarina junghuhniana, respectively. The Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index showed that the vegetation at tree, pole, and sapling stages had a moderate diversity, and seedling-stage vegetation had a low diversity.
A 27 W CdSiP2 Optical Parametric Oscillator Pumped by a Q-Switched Ho: YAG Laser
Authors: Horton Spencer L. , Pomeranz Leonard A. , Zawilski Kevin T. , Schunemann Peter , Liebig Carl , Averett Kent , Setzler Scott
Published: January 2021

For the first time, a CdSiP2-pumped crystal has produced over 25W of mid-IR output demonstrating the viability of this material for high average power applications.
Negative First-Order Quasi-Phase Matching
Authors: Petit Yannick , Peña Alexandra , Segonds Patricia , Debray Jérôme , Joly Simon , Zukauskas Andrius , Laurell Fredrik , Pasiskevicius Valdas , Canalias Carlota , Boulanger Benoît
Published: January 2021

We propose a new scheme of quasi-phase matching based on the negative first-order of the spatial modulation of the sign of the second-order optical nonlinearity. The experimental validation is done in a periodically-poled Rubidium-doped KTiOPO4 crystal.
High-order harmonic generation in noble gas driven by high-power ultrafast thulium-doped fiber lasers
Authors: Gebhardt M. , Heuermann T. , Gaida C. , Wang Z. , Lenski M. , Klas R. , Kirsche A. , Liu C. , Hädrich S. , Jauregui C. , Rothhardt J. , Limpert J.
Published: January 2021

We present HHG results obtained with thulium-doped fiber lasers. It is the first time that a photon energy cut-off close to 400 eV has been demonstrated using this highly scalable laser technology.
Generation of 1-µJ and 40-fs pulses from a large mode area gain-managed nonlinear amplifier
Authors: Sidorenko Pavel , Wise Frank W.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a gain-managed nonlinear amplifier with large mode area fiber. The amplifier delivers 1.2-µJ and sub-40 fs pulses. We show that longitudinal gain-loss evolution plays an essential role in pulse formation.
Watt-Level Thulium Laser Operating on the 3H4 → 3 H5 Transition with ~70% Slope Efficiency
Authors: Loiko Pavel , Kifle Esrom , Guillemot Lauren , Doualan Jean-Louis , Starecki Florent , Braud Alain , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Petrov Valentin , Mateos Xavier , Camy Patrice
Published: January 2021

A Thulium laser operating on the 3H4→3H5 transition in high-phonon-energy KLu(WO4)2 generates 1.12 W at 2.22&2.29 μm with a record-high slope efficiency of 69.2% representing a two-for-one pump process through efficient energy-transfer upconversion.
Thulium Fluoride Fiber Laser at 2.27 μm Pumped by Upconversion with an Ytterbium Fiber Laser
Authors: Tyazhev Aleksey , Starecki Florent , Cozic Solenn , Loiko Pavel , Guillemot Lauren , Braud Alain , Joulain Franck , Tang Mincheng , Godin Thomas , Hideur Ammar , Camy Patrice
Published: January 2021

A fiber laser based on a heavily thulium-doped zirconium fluoride glass is pumped at 1049 nm by an Yb fiber laser. It generates 1.24 W at 2.28 μm (3H4→3H5 transition) with a slope efficiency of 37.0%.
Terbium Aluminum Garnet Ceramics for the Optical Isolator in Ultra-High Power Lasers
Authors: Yasuhara Ryo , Tokita Shigeki , Nishio Megumi , Hamamoto Koichi , Uehara Hiyori , Yanagitani Takagimi , Kawanaka Junji
Published: January 2021

A terbium aluminum garnet ceramics have the high Verdet constant, small absorption coefficient large thermal conductivity, and large size scalability. This material is the leading candidate to realize the ultra-high power laser isolators.
Room Temperature Single-Crystal Fe:CdTe Laser Pumped by Fe:ZnSe Pulsed Laser
Authors: Leonov Stanislav O. , Frolov Mikhail P. , Korostelin Yurii V. , Skasyrsky Yan K. , Kozlovsky Vladimir I.
Published: January 2021

We report a laser operation from an AR-coated Fe:CdTe single crystal with wavelength tunability range over 4.5 – 6.8 µm under 40-ns pulses at 4.12-µm excitation by Fe:ZnSe laser. The maximum laser output energy of 5.8 mJ with a slope efficiency of 30 % was achieved.
High-power Ho:YAG thin-disk laser and first SESAM modelocking
Authors: Tomilov Sergei , Hoffmann Martin , Heidrich Jonas , Vogel Tim , Alaydin Behçet Özgür , Golling Matthias , Wang Yicheng , Keller Ursula , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a Ho:YAG thin-disk oscillator operating in fundamental-mode continous-wave regime delivering a record output power of 96 W and present first GaSb-SESAM-modelocking results.
Efficient 2.8-µm Er-doped Fluoride Fiber Laser Pumped at ~1.5 µm into the Terminal Laser Level
Authors: Pattnaik R. , Fromzel V. , Zhang J. , Dubinskii M.
Published: January 2021

2.3 W of CW power at 2.8 µm has been achieved at slope efficiency of 13% wrt absorbed pump power in this first demonstration of an Er-doped fluoride fiber laser pumped at ~1.5 µm.
Controllable Ring Diffraction Patterns on Silicon Induced by Bubble-Scattered Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Liquid
Authors: Romashevskiy S. A. , Ashitkov S. I.
Published: January 2021

We report on producing circular ripple patterns of controlled geometry on silicon in liquid using a pair of femtosecond laser pulses. Such patterns occur by diffraction of the second pulse by the bubble, generated near the surface by the first pulse.
Efficient Tm and Tm:Ho-doped Fibers for High-power Laser Operation at 2 and 2.1μm
Authors: Núñez-Velázquez M. , Ramírez-Martínez N. J. , Sahu J. K.
Published: January 2021

We present Tm-doped and Tm:Ho co-doped fibers with different Tm:Ho ratios for laser operation in the wavelength range 2 - 2.1μm and report laser efficiencies of ~72% and ~56% respectively when cladding-pumped at 793nm.
Laser Self-Injection Locking to Nonlinear Microresonator with Thermal Effects
Authors: Kondratiev Nikita M. , Lobanov Valery E.
Published: January 2021

We study the impact of the microresonator nonlinearity on the laser self-injection locking. The theoretical model, including thermal effects, is developed. Nonlinear shift of the locking band is demonstrated. Self-injection locking is proved keep the working point inside the soliton existence region.
Microdrilling of Channels in Antiresonant Hollow-Core Fiber Using Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Kozioł Paweł , Jaworski Piotr , Yu Fei , Krzempek Karol , Wu Dakun , Dudzik Grzegorz , Liao Meisong , Abramski Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

We present the results of fabrication of microchannels in the antiresonant hollow-core fiber using ultra-short laser pulses for application in laser-based gas sensing.
Plasmonic Enhancement of Raman Spectra of Dye Molecules by Silver Nanotriangles
Authors: Joseph Haritha , Joshi Sarika , Jaiswal Arun , McNaughton Donald , Saxena Sumit , Cheng Wenlong , Shukla Shobha
Published: January 2021

We report plasmonic enhancement of Raman signal by employing silver nanotriangles to detect methylene blue in concentrations below 10-5 M. The characteristic morphology and dimensions have helped in producing an enhancement even at low power.
Coherent Combining Building-Block for kW Green CW Laser
Authors: Albeck Yishai , Jackel Steven , Gross Ziv , Shleifer Eli
Published: January 2021

The challenges of generating high-power green CW radiation is introduced and the results of our design are presented. Coherent beam combining is proposed in order to escalate power and allow high-rate modulation.
Spatial hole burning, nonlinear phase, and SHG acceptance bandwidth effects in cascaded mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser
Authors: Lin Shou-Tai , Huang I-Hsiu , Cheng Kuang-Tin
Published: January 2021

We study the effect of spatial hole burning at different MgO:PPLN lengths in a positive χ(2) cascaded mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser. A gain grating effect was observed which substitutes for the spatial hole burning (SHB) effect.
Quantitative Evaluation of Birefringence of Quartz Crystal in Terahertz Region
Authors: Takeya Kei , Ishizuki Hideki , Taira Takunori
Published: January 2021

To quantify the birefringence of the quartz crystal in terahertz region, we analyzed the refractive indices of Y-axis and Z-axis of the quartz crystal using a terahertz time domain spectroscopy system.
Tunable Narrow-Band PPLN Non-Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Schirrmacher André , Büttner Edlef , Boyko Andrey A. , Ye Ning , Zhang Ge , Petrov Valentin
Published: January 2021

We report on a PPLN non-resonant optical parametric oscillator tuned by chirped volume Bragg gratings in the range 1860-1900 nm (signal) and 2420-2486 nm (idler) with spectral linewidths not exceeding 2 nm.
Nonlinear Optical Absorption and Relaxation Kinetics of GR1 Centers in Diamond
Authors: Subedi Shova D. , Fedorov Vladimir V. , Mirov Sergey B. , Markham Matthew
Published: January 2021

We report on saturation of GR1 centers absorption resulting in ~70% inversion. Probe kinetics revealed strong bleaching of ground level followed by relaxation to metastable level with branching ratio ~0.5.
Deep Reinforcement Learning based Control for two-dimensional Coherent Combining
Authors: Mohammed Bashir , Kiran Mariam , Wang Dan , Du Qiang , Wilcox Russell
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate deep reinforcement learning based phase stabilization control for two-dimensional filled-aperture diffractive coherent combining. Various approaches were tested on simulation and experimental data for combining 3 × 3 beams using pattern recognition.
Optical palpation for tumor margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery
Authors: Foo Ken Y. , Kennedy Kelsey M. , Zilkens Renate , Allen Wes M. , Fang Qi , Sanderson Rowan W. , Anstie James , Dessauvagie Benjamin F. , Latham Bruce , Saunders Christobel M. , Chin Lixin , Kennedy Brendan F.
Published: January 2021

Intraoperative margin assessment is needed to reduce the re-excision rate of breast-conserving surgery. One possibility is optical palpation, a tactile imaging technique that maps stress (force applied across the tissue surface) as an indicator of tissue stiffness. Images (optical palpograms) are generated by compressing a transparent silicone layer on the tissue and measuring the layer deformation using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This paper reports, for the first time, the diagnostic accuracy of optical palpation in identifying tumor within 1 mm of the excised specimen boundary using an automated classifier. Optical palpograms from 154 regions of interest (ROIs) from 71 excised tumor specimens were obtained. An automated classifier was constructed to predict the ROI margin status by first choosing a circle diameter, then searching for a location within the ROI where the circle was ≥ 75% filled with high stress (indicating a positive margin). A range of circle diameters and stress thresholds, as well as the impact of filtering out non-dense tissue regions, were tested. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by comparing the automated classifier results with the true margin status, determined from co-registered histology. 83.3% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity were achieved, compared to 69.0% sensitivity and 79.0% specificity obtained with OCT alone on the same dataset using human readers. Representative optical palpograms show that positive margins containing a range of cancer types tend to exhibit higher stress compared to negative margins. These results demonstrate the potential of optical palpation for margin assessment.
Solid-State-Laser-Produced Microdroplet-Tin Plasma Sources of Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation
Authors: Behnke L. , Schupp R. , Bouza Z. , Scheers J. , Sheil J. , Hoekstra R. , Ubachs W. , Versolato O.O.
Published: January 2021

Laser-produced tin plasmas are used for the generation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light for state-of-the-art nanolithography. Currently, CO2-gas lasers operating at 10-micrometer wavelength are used to drive the EUV-emitting plasma but with further developments regarding their output power, solid-state lasers operating at shorter, mid-infrared wavelengths may present a viable alternative. Such novel laser systems may provide a significantly higher efficiency in converting electrical power to laser light. We use an extensive diagnostic toolset to characterize and understand the physics of solid-state-laser-driven plasma light sources at the atomic level.
Recent Developments in Compact X-ray and Gamma-ray Sources based on Inverse Compton Scattering
Authors: Hornberger Benjamin , Kasahara Jack , Gifford Martin , Feser Michael
Published: January 2021

We present recent developments in high-brightness, tunable, narrow-band photon sources. An upgrade to Lyncean's X-ray source increases flux and brightness ten-fold. Furthermore, we discuss the design of a novel narrow-bandwidth, high spectral density gamma-ray source.
High Harmonic Generation Inside an Ultrafast Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Thin-Disk Laser Oscillator
Authors: Drs Jakub , Fischer Julian , Labaye François , Modsching Norbert , Kränkel Christian , Wittwer Valentin J. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate HHG inside a thin-disk laser cavity at significantly decreased pulse duration, compared to the previous results. The system operates at around 100 fs with ~1014 W/cm2 peak intensity and 11 MHz repetition rate.
Single-shot, self-calibrated, real-time wavefront sensing in the EUV and Hard X-ray range for source metrology and beamline optimization
Authors: de la Rochefoucauld O. , Piponnier M. , Harms F. , Dovillaire G. , Levecq X. , Idir M. , Raimondi L. , Zeitoun P.
Published: January 2021

We present Hartmann wavefront sensors as versatile metrology tools to provide real-time characterization and optimization of sources as well as easy, at lambda optical alignment, on a spectral range from EUV to hard X-Ray.
Power scalable fiber laser driven high-harmonic source for broadband high photon flux continua
Authors: Klas Robert , Eschen Wilhelm , Kirsche Alexander , Rothhardt Jan , Limpert Jens
Published: January 2021

A HHG source generating a broadband continuum from 70 eV to 120 eV with an average power of 2 µW is presented. At 92 eV (13.5 nm) 7 109 ph/s/eV are generated with an rms deviation of 0.8% over 20 minutes.
The Versatile X-ray Beamline at the Munich Compact Light Source, an Inverse Compton Synchrotron Facility
Authors: Günther Benedikt , Dierolf Martin , Gradl Regine , Jud Christoph , Gleich Bernhard , Achterhold Klaus , Pfeiffer Franz
Published: January 2021

The versatile X-ray beamline at the Munich Compact Light Source is described. Its design and instrumentation were optimized to accommodate techniques exploiting the unique characteristics of inverse Compton Sources for which application examples are presented.
Quantitative nanoscale coherence tomography with extreme ultraviolet light
Authors: Fuchs Silvio , Wiesner Felix , Wunsche Martin , Nathanael Jan , Abel Johann J. , Reinhard Julius , Rödel Christian , Paulus Gerhard G.
Published: January 2021

We present nanoscale coherence tomography (XCT) in the extreme ultraviolet range driven by a high-harmonic generation (HHG) light source. Using a novel phase retrieval algorithm, XCT enables non-destructive, quantitative, cross-sectional imaging, of, e.g., semiconductor devices.
Ultrashort, sub-20fs, high-power visible source
Authors: Descamps D. , Guichard F. , Petit S. , Lavenu L. , Comby A. , Zaouter Y.
Published: January 2021

We report on the high-power generation of sub-20fs visible pulses. Incoming 130fs pulses from a 166kHz Yb:fiber amplifier are first frequency up-converted to 515nm through second-harmonic generation before being nonlinearly compressed in a gas-filled capillary.
Stable mid-IR generation by ps-supercontinuum in YAG
Authors: Špaček Alexandr , Green Jonathan T. , Indra Lukaš , Batysta František , Novak Jakub , Hříbek Petr , Bakule Pavel , Rus Bedřich
Published: January 2021

We discuss the application of supercontinuum generation as a seed for stable few-cycle laser systems around 2.2 µm. The stability of the filamentation process is numerically examined in both the visible and IR domains.
Development of high average and peak power laser around 2 μm based on cryogenically cooled Tm:Y2O3 transparent ceramic
Authors: Yue Fangxin , Jambunathan Venkatesan , David Samuel Paul , Mateos Xavier , Šulc Jan , Lucianetti Antonio , Mocek Tomáš
Published: January 2021

We demonstrated a cryogenically cooled Tm:Y2O3 master oscillator emitting around 1932.5 nm, which was tuned from 10 to 1000 Hz. Maximum pulse energy of 1.8 mJ (10 Hz) was achieved with 32 ns pulse duration.
LiNbO3 and GaP Based Scalable Terahertz Pulse Sources in Reflection Geometry
Authors: Krizsán Gergő , Tibai Zoltán , Tóth György , Pálfalvi László , Almási Gábor , Hebling János
Published: January 2021

New type of imaging-free terahertz sources were suggested. For pulse-front-tilting a periodic structure is created either on the back surface of the nonlinear crystal or in a nearby metal plate.
Phase-Locked Degenerate Picosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator With 2.8 W Average Power at ~2 μm
Authors: Nandy Biplob , Kumar S. Chaitanya , Ebrahim-Zadeh M.
Published: January 2021

We report the first phase-locked degenerate doubly-resonant picosecond optical parametric oscillator providing broadband output with 202-nm bandwidth centered at 2128 nm with record average power of 2.8 W in 19.2-ps pulses at 80-MHz repetition-rate.
Nonlinear Thomson Scattering: a Tool for Assessing Relativistic Intensities and Beyond
Authors: He C. , Longman A. , Aginako J. I. A. , Pérez-Hernández J. A. , Fedosejevs R. , Roso L. , Hill W. T.
Published: January 2021

Elements of an in situ gauge exploiting relativistic Thomson scattering for measuring intensities from 1018 to 1025 W/cm2 and expelling electrons and protons from the focal volume will be presented.
FEL-induced Amplified XUV emission of Xenon clusters
Authors: Benediktovitch Andrei , Mercadier Laurent , Peyrusse Olivier , Rohringer Nina
Published: January 2021

Amplified spontaneous XUV emission from Xenon clusters irradiated by free-electron laser pulses was experimentally observed. Theoretical modeling describes experi-mental trends and shows that collision processes in expanding clusters yield transient pop-ulation inversion and cause decoherence.
Mechanisms of ionization and self-guiding in the mid- and long-wave infrared
Authors: Woodbury D. , Schwartz R. M. , Goffin A. , Rockafellow E. , Milchberg H. M.
Published: January 2021

We present research relevant to laser self-guiding in the long–wave infrared, including precise measurements of laser-driven ionization in atmosphere over 14 orders of magnitude and simulations of self-guiding mediated by avalanche ionization in aerosols.
Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Diatomic and Triatomic Molecules at 400 eV
Authors: Saito Nariyuki , Sannohe Hiroki , Ishii Nobuhisa , Douguet Nicolas , Kanai Teruto , Kosugi Nobuhiro , Wu Yi , Chew Andrew , Han Seunghwoi , Schneider Barry , Olsen Jeppe , Argenti Luca , Chang Zenghu , Itatani Jiro
Published: January 2021

We report on attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of NO and N2O molecules at the N K-edge (400 eV). We discuss the sub-optical-cycle electronic dynamics in these molecules during the strong-field ionization process.
Demonstration of a Nano-Joule Class Water Window High Harmonic Light Source
Authors: Nishimura Kotaro , Xu Lu , Suda Akira , Midorikawa Katsumi , Fu Yuxi , Takahashi Eiji J.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a nano-joule class soft X-ray harmonic beam in the water window region and a near edge X-ray absorption fine structure experiment.
Liquid Crystal Targets And Plasma Mirrors For PW-Class Laser Experiments
Authors: Schumacher Douglass W. , Zingale Anthony , Czapla Nick , Nasir Derek , Cochran Ginevra E. , Poole Patrick L.
Published: January 2021

We describe a novel technology based on liquid crystal films for ultrathin targets and plasma mirrors for PW-class laser experiments, on-demand or rep-rated. We describe experiments on ion acceleration, relativistic transparency, and plasma mirror operation.
Formation of meter-scale plasma waveguides by optical field ionization with high order Bessel beams
Authors: Miao B. , Feder L. , Shrock J. E. , Goffin A. , Milchberg H.M.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a two-pulse Bessel beam scheme for generating plasma waveguides guiding high intensity laser pulses over 30 cm with on-axis plasma densities as low as 5 × 1016cm−3.
The fundamental mechanism of laser-induced damage in optical components for ultrashort-pulse laser systems
Authors: Demos S. G. , Kafka K. R. P. , Hoffman B. N. , Kozlov A. A. , Huang H. , Oliver J. B. , Rigatti A. L. , Kessler T. J. , Kosc T. Z. , Liu N. , Dent R. , Shestopalov A. A. , Lambropoulos J. C.
Published: January 2021

Laser-induced damage remains a key limiting factor for laser system performance. This presentation will review three main issues associated with laser-induced damage: (1) The processes involved leading to material modification, (2) the damage-initiation mechanisms, and (3) the management of laser damage.
Tunable All-Optical Modulation and Building Blocks for Optical Neurons at Mid-Infrared Wavelength
Authors: Spitz O. , Wu J. , Herdt A. , Carras M. , Maisons G. , Elsäßer W. , Wong C.-W. , Grillot F.
Published: January 2021

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) under optical feedback can output several non-linear dynamics whose properties depend on the reinjected light polarization. We demonstrate all-optical modulation, thresholding and excitability in QCLs, to experimentally build basic optical neurons.
Automatic tuning, spectroscopy, and frequency referencing using a commercial, cw optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Eismann Ulrich , Hurlbut Walter C. , Foote David B. , Cich Matthew J. , Haimberger Chris
Published: January 2021

We use a cw optical parametric oscillator for spectroscopy applications in the mid infrared. We implement an automatic tuning mechanism, and demonstrate scan stitching over more than 200 nm. We perform absorption spectroscopy on acetylene (C2H2), and suggest future improvements of the HITRAN data.
Intracavity Mid-IR Difference-Frequency Generation in OP-GaAs inside a Nanosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Schunemann Peter , Schirrmacher André , Büttner Edlef , Guha Shekhar , Boyko Andrey A. , Ye Ning , Zhang Ge , Zhao Yongguang , Petrov Valentin
Published: January 2021

We report on tunable (8026-8710 nm) mid-IR difference-frequency generation (DFG) in OP-GaAs by intracavity mixing signal and idler of a narrowband nanosecond PPMgLN-OPO. The output power at 35 kHz reached 215 mW at 8.15 μm.
Electrically injected OPO: design and expected performances
Authors: Gerini A. , Ravaro M. , Théveneau C. , Garcia M. , Parillaud O. , Gérard B. , Krakowski M. , Leo G.
Published: January 2021

We designed a guided-wave OPO integrated to a laser diode providing its pump field. This monolithic source, currently under fabrication, spans the spectrum between 1.8 and 2.4 µm, where tunable semiconductor lasers are hardly available.
Lithium Niobate based single-cycle THz source with 66 mW of average power at MHz repetition rate
Authors: Vogel Tim , Meyer Frank , Ahmed Shahwar , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: January 2021

We demonstrate a THz source using the tilted pulse front technique in Lithium Niobate, reaching a record-high average power of 66mW at 13.3MHz repetition rate, driven by a high-power Yb-based modelocked thin-disk laser.
A Sensitive and Transportable Multi-Species Trace Gas Sensor Based on a Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Source
Authors: Jahromi Khalil Eslami , Pan Qing , Nematollahi Mohammadreza , Harren Frans J.M. , Khodabakhsh Amir
Published: January 2021

We present a transportable, multi-species, trace gas sensor using a high repetition rate mid-infrared supercontinuum source in combination with a lock-in amplifier, achieving tens of ppbv·Hz-1/2 detection sensitivity for multiple gas species.
Compact, UAV compatible, broadband, uncooled Spectrometer for multi-species atmospheric gas analysis
Authors: Chin S. , Herr T. , Lütolf F. , Renevey P. , Van Zaen J. , Dasen S. , Gouman J. , Buchs G. , Lecomte S. , Vergara G. , Martin H. , Moselund P. M. , Harren F. J.M. , Balet L.
Published: January 2021

We present the realization of the broadband, UAV compatible, atmospheric gas spectrometer developed in the frame of the H2020 FLAIR project, and the preliminary calibration results obtained in the laboratory before field testing.
8.3 W average power, 80% pump depletion, picosecond midinfrared parametric generation and amplification at 80 MHz
Authors: Nandy Biplob , Kumar S. Chaitanya , Ebrahim-Zadeh M.
Published: January 2021

We report Yb-fiber-pumped picosecond optical parametric generation and amplification in MgO:PPLN across 1884-2444 nm, providing 8.3 W average power at 80 MHz with record pump depletion (80%), external efficiency (59%), and pump threshold (600 mW).
Quantum cascade laser spectrometers for mobile trace-gas sensing
Authors: Emmenegger Lukas , Graf Manuel , Scheidegger Philipp , Looser Herbert , Tuzson Béla
Published: January 2021

Mid-IR spectroscopy using QCLs allows sensitive, selective, and fast detection of trace-gases. Recent developments permit rugged and lightweight instruments that create tantalizing options in environmental sciences and other fields, i.e. medicine or industrial process control.
High-fidelity, low-latency polarization quantum state transmissions over a hollow-core conjoined-tube fiber at around 800  nm
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Ding Wei , Wang Ying-Ying , Gao Shou-Fei , Xu Feixiang , Xu Huichao , Hong Yi-Feng , Sun Yi-Zhi , Wang Pu , Lu Yan-Qing , Zhang Lijian
Published: January 2021

Hollow-core fiber (HCF) promises to unify air-borne light propagation and non-line-of-sight transmission, thus holding great potential for versatile photonics-based quantum information applications. The early version of HCF based on photonic-bandgap guidance has not proven itself a reliable quantum channel because of the poor modal purity in both spatial and polarization domains, as well as significant difficulty in fabrication when the wavelength shifts to the visible region. In this work, based on the polarization degree of freedom, we demonstrate high-fidelity (

∼
0.98

) single-photon transmission and distribution of entangled photons over a 36.4 m hollow-core conjoined-tube fiber (CTF) by using commercial silicon single-photon avalanche photodiodes. Our CTF realizes the combined merits of low loss, high spatial modal purity, low polarization degradation, and low chromatic dispersion. We also demonstrate single-photon low-latency (

∼
99.96
%

speed of light in vacuum) transmission, paving the way for extensive uses of HCF links in versatile photonics-based quantum information processing.
Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever in humans and livestock in Somali Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , Schelling Esther , Zinsstag Jakob , Hattendorf Jan , Andargie Emawayish , Tschopp Rea
Published: January 2021

Information on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle Woreda of the Somali Region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9–15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 46.0–65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5–55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0–33.2) in sheep. In humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4–34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24.2% in females (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.6–2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated with age (OR = 8.1; 95% CI 2.8–23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% CI 8.7–18.8) in humans, 17.9% (95% CI 11.0–27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8–50.7) in camels, 6.3% (95% CI 3.3–11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7–11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity of both Q-fever and RVF. Only a weak correlation was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.8(0.9–6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2–5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0–3.2) in camels. This study showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali Region and is the first published study to describe RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Even though human exposure to RVF virus was reported, public health sector of Somali Region has not given attention to such zoonoses. Collaboration between public and animal health sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable.