bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Accreditation Practices for Accelerated Medically Trained Clinicians: A View of Five Countries
Authors: Antwi James , Arkoh Anthony Asare , Choge Joseph Kiprop , Dibo Turi Woticha , Mahmud Alias , Vankhuu Enkhtuya , Wanyama Erick Kizito , McKinley Danette
Published: May 2021

Background: Shortages and maldistribution of healthcare workers persist despite efforts to increase the number of practitioners. Evidence to support policy planning and decisions is essential. The World Health Organization has proposed National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA) to facilitate human resource information systems for effective health workforce planning and monitoring. In this study, we report on the accreditation practices for accelerated medically trained clinicians in six countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malaysia, and Mongolia. Method: Using open-ended survey responses and document review, information about accreditation practices was classified using NHWA indicators. We examined practices using this framework and further examined the extent to which the indicators were appropriate for this cadre of healthcare providers. We developed a data extraction tool and noted any indicators that were difficult to interpret in the local context.Results: Accreditation practices in the five countries generally aligned with the WHO indicators with some exceptions. All countries had standards for pre-service and in-service training. It was difficult to determine the extent to which social accountability and social determinants of health were explicitly part of accreditation practices as this cadre of practitioners evolved out of community health needs. Other areas of discrepancy were interprofessional education and continuing professional development. Discussion: While it is possible to use the module 3 indicators there are disadvantages as well, at least for accelerated medically trained clinicians. There are aspects of accreditation practices that are not readily coded in the standard definitions used for the indicators. While the indicators provide detailed definitions, some invite social desirability bias and others are not as easily understood by practitioners whose roles continue to evolve and adapt to their health systems.Conclusion: Regular review and revision of indicators are essential to facilitate uptake of the NHWA for planning and monitoring healthcare providers.
Isatin Derivatives as a New Class of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors With Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Liu Wenchao , Chen Huan , Zhang Xiaonan , Zhang Xin , Xu Long , Lei Yanqi , Zhu Changjin , Ma Bing
Published: May 2021

In this work, isatin was employed as the scaffold to design aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. Most of the isatin derivatives were proved to be excellent in the inhibition of aldose reductase (ALR2) with IC 50 values at submicromolar level, and (E)-2-(5-(4-methoxystyryl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-1-yl) acetic acid (9g) was identified as the most effective with an IC 50 value of 0.015 μM. Moreover, compounds 9a-h with styryl side chains at the C5 position of isatin showed potent antioxidant activity. Particularly, the phenolic compound 9h demonstrated similar antioxidant activity with the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies showed that the acetic acid group at N1 and C5 p-hydroxystyryl side chain were the key structures to increase the aldose reductase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity.
Molecular Identification of Sarcocystis Halieti in Birds of Prey From Spain
Authors: Prakas Petras , Bea Antonio , Juozaiė-Ngugu Evelina , Olano Iñaki , Villanúa Diego , Švažas Saulius , Butkauskas Dalius
Published: May 2021

Background: Members of the genus Sarcocystis are protozoan parasites characterized by a prey-predator two-host life cycle. Sarcocysts are formed in muscles or CNS of the intermediate host (IH), while sporocysts develop in the small intestine of the definitive host (DH). Various birds of prey were confirmed to be DH for Sarcocystis spp. By contrast, only two species, S. wobeseri and S. falcatula were identified in the muscles of birds of prey. The latter species is pathogenic and can cause encephalitis in various birds. The aim of the present study was to identify Sarcocystis species in the muscles of birds of prey from Spain. Methods: In the period between 2019 and 2020, muscle tissues of 59 birds collected from Spain were examined for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. Sarcocysts in fresh squashed samples were morphologically characterised under a light microscope (LM). Sarcocystis species were identified by means of 28S rRNA and ITS1 sequence analysis. Results: With the help of methylene blue-staining microscopic sarcocysts were detected in 3/59 (5.1%) birds of prey from Spain. Under LM, one type of sarcocysts was observed. Sarcocysts were thread-like (1050–2160 × 130–158 μm), had a thin (0.7–1.4 μm) and smooth cyst wall. Septa divided the cysts into compartments filled with banana-shaped (5.9 × 1.7 μm) bradyzoites. On the basis of DNA sequence results, S. halieti was identified in the western marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) and the black kite (Milvus migrans) for the first time. Sarcocysts of S. halieti detected in the black kite and the western marsh harrier were shorter and wider as compared to those observed in the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and the herring gull (Larus argentatus). Hence, S. halieti might infect birds belonging to three different orders, Suliformes, Charadriiformes and Accipitriformes. Conclusions: This is the first report of S. halieti in birds of prey as IH. Due to the inconsistency of research on Sarcocystis spp. from birds of prey, further complex morphological, histopathological, and molecular studies are required.
Ultra-fast Data Sanitization of Sram by Back-biasing to Resist a Cold Boot Attack
Authors: Han Seong-Joo , Han Joon-Kyu , Yun Gyeong-Jun , Lee Mun-Woo , Yu Ji-Man , Choi Yang-Kyu
Published: May 2021

Although SRAM is a well established type of volatile memory, data remanence has been observed at low temperature even for a power-off state, and thus it is vulnerable to a physical cold boot attack. To address this, an ultra-fast data sanitization method within 5 ns is demonstrated with physics-based simulations for avoidance of the cold boot attack to SRAM. Back-bias, which can control device parameters of CMOS, such as threshold voltage and leakage current, was utilized for the ultra-fast data sanitization. It is applicable to temporary erasing with data recoverability against a low-level attack as well as permanent erasing with data irrecoverability against a high-level attack.
Rotor Unbalance Fault Diagnosis in Wind Turbine by Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Corbalan Patricio , Chiang Luciano E.
Published: May 2021

An effective method based on current signal (of stator current) monitoring in time is applied to diagnosis rotor unbalanced or eccentricity fault. This method can also determine the degree of severity of the fault, which is determined in eccentric mass or eccentric radius. The experiment consisted in amplitude of current signal monitoring for various masses and radius that were applied. The eccentricity fault was simulated through a mass that was fixed in a shaft fixed to pulley solidarity to the turbine shaft, in this way, the health condition was evaluated for different position of the mass and different masses. The results were analyzed in curve between current amplitude and eccentric mass or current amplitude and eccentric radius. In both cases, the obtained tendency was a linear model, which verified the physical model of this situation. Bayesian method can estimate the current signal amplitude associated with a specific combination of mass and radius, determining the severity of the fault. Bayesian method can isolate the signal and the noise. The Bayesian method permits to prognosis the state of the turbine through amplitude of the current signal monitoring. This method was studied in stationary conditions.
Structural and Dielectric Properties of (1-x) (Al0.2La0.8TiO3) + (x) (BiZnFeO3) (x = 0.2 - 0.8) Nanocomposites
Authors: Mallikarjuna A. , Kumar N. Suresh , Babu T. Anil , Ramesh S. , K Chandra Babu Naidu
Published: May 2021

(1-x) (Al0.2La0.8TiO3) + (x) (BiZnFeO3) (x = 0.2 - 0.8) [ALTBZFO] nanocomposites were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the phase transformation from tetragonal to cubic for x = 0.2 to 0.4 - 0.8 samples, respectively. The surface morphology showed the existence of nanospheres like structures. At 1 MHz frequency also, the dielectric constant was increased from 230 to 710 for x = 0.2 – 0.6 samples, respectively. But, interestingly, x = 0.6 nanocomposite exhibited the negative dielectric behavior having the dielectric constant (ε') ~ -58.5 and dielectric loss (ε") ~ -417 at 8 MHz. Likewise, x = 0.6 sample showed ac-electrical conductivity (σac) -0.159 S/cm at 6 MHz. Hence, these kinds of materials can provide high charge stored capacitor, and perfect absorber applications.
Prediction and Suppression of Chaotic Instability in Brake Squeal
Authors: Meehan Paul Anthony
Published: May 2021

Chaotic instability in a vibration phenomenon, known as brake squeal, is investigated including the combined effects of falling friction and mode coupling. Brake squeal is a high-pitched noise that occurs sometimes when a vehicle is decelerated using disk brakes. The equations of motion for the two dominant coupled modes of the brake system reduce to two autonomous coupled nonlinear second order systems. The mode coupling instability via friction causes limit cycle behaviour via a Hopf bifurcation. This limit cycle is shown to break up into chaotic motion characterised by a phase space with an approximate one-dimensional attractor, similar to that found in a forced dry friction oscillator. For the first time, conservative analytical conditions for brake squeal chaos are developed and verified numerically over a range of sprag angles and brake pressures for fundamental and real brake systems. The predictive model is then used to identify and quantify means to suppress brake squeal chaos to unlikely, excessive friction levels. The results provide predictive insight into conditions under which brake squeal chaos occurs and its suppression.
Fine Mapping and Validation of a Major QTL for Grain Weight on Chromosome 5B in Bread Wheat
Authors: Zhao Dehui , Yang Li , Liu Dan , Zeng Jianqi , Cao Shuanghe , Xia Xianchun , Yan Jun , Song Xiyue , He Zhonghu , Zhang Yong
Published: May 2021

Thousand grain weight (TGW), determined by grain length and width, is an important yield component in wheat; understanding of the underlying genes and molecular mechanisms remains limited. A stable QTL QTgw.caas-5B for TGW was identified previously in a RIL population developed from a cross between Zhongmai 871 (ZM871) and a sister line Zhongmai 895 (ZM895), and the aim of this study was to perform fine mapping and validate the genetic effect of the QTL. It was delimited to an interval of approximately 2.0 Mb flanked by markers Kasp_5B29 and Kasp_5B31 (49.6 Mb to 51.6 Mb) using 12 heterozygous recombinant plants obtained by selfing a residual BC1F4 line selected from the ZM871/ZM895//ZM871 population. A candidate gene was predicted following sequencing and differential expression analyses. Marker Kasp_5B_Tgw based on a SNP in TraesCS5B02G044800, the QTgw.caas-5B candidate, was developed and validated in a diversity panel of 166 cultivars. The precise mapping of QTgw.caas-5B laid a foundation for cloning of a predicted causal gene and provides a molecular marker for improving grain yield in wheat.
Assessment of Intestinal Permeability in Young Piglet to Pave the Way to Oral Vaccination
Authors: Deluco Brodie , Wilson Heather L.
Published: May 2021

The small intestine of the piglet has evolved to be permeable immediately after birth to facilitate the uptake of colostrum-derived immunoglobulins, other macromolecules, and cells. However, the precise timing of gut closure in today’s precocious pig is not known. We gavaged piglets immediately after birth and at 1 hour after birth with Cy5-labeled Ovalbumin (Cy5-Ova) then harvested their small intestine’s 6-7 hours later. To assess localization of Cy5-Ova in the small intestinal epithelial cells, we perform immunohistochemistry using a basolateral surface marker and a recycling endosome marker called pIgR, the late endosomal marker Rab7, and the lysosomal marker LAMP-1. Cy5-Ova co-localized with Rab7 and LAMP-1 in the duodenum and jejunum of 0 hour old and 1 hour old gavaged piglets, but only in the ileum of 0 hour gavaged piglets. These data suggest that movement of Cy5-Ova through the late endosomes to the lysosomes was much reduced in the ileum of 1 hour gavaged piglets, possibly impacted by prior processing of colostral macromolecules. Cy5-Ova was largely present in epithelial cell digestive and transport vacuoles, but it did not colocalize with pIgR-positive endosomes in 0 hour and 1 hour gavaged piglets. Understanding the relationship between the localization of Cy5-Ova and small intestinal permeability may contribute to establishing whether oral vaccination in the newborn can capitalize on the transient permeability before gut closure to promote immune protection.
Bistable and Coexisting Attractors in Current Modulated Edge Emitting Semiconductor Laser: Control and Microcontroller-Based Design
Authors: Saeed Nasr , Çiçek Serdar , Chamgoué André Cheage , Kingni Sifeu Takougang , Wei Zhouchao
Published: May 2021

This paper reports on the numerical analysis, control of coexisting attractors and microcontroller-based design of current modulated edge emitting semiconductor laser (CMEESL). The stability of equilibrium points of solitary edge emitting semiconductor laser found is investigated. By varying the amplitude of modulation current density, CMEESL displays periodic behaviors, period-doubling to chaotic behavior, bistability and coexistence between limit cycle and chaotic attractors. The coexistence between chaotic and limit cycle attractors is destroyed and controlled to a desired monostable trajectory by means of the linear augmentation method. In addition, a microcontroller-based circuit is also designed to indicate that CMEESL can be used in real applications. Microcontroller-based circuit outputs and numerical analysis results confirm each other.
Synthesis and Characterizations of Barium (Ba2+) and Strontium (Sr2+) Doped Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 System
Authors: Saleem Saleem , Karma Nikita , Kaurav Netram , Dagar H. S.
Published: May 2021

We discuss synthesis and various characterizations of Bi0.9La0.1-x(Ba/Sr)xFeO3 [x =0,0.05] ceramics. We synthesized these ceramics by solid state reaction method and the samples so synthesized were characterized for structural elucidation exploiting X-ray diffraction technique. The XRD data on Rietveld refinement inferred that all the prepared samples have acquired monoclinic phase with space group CI. Morphology of the samples revealed highly grown grains with moderate grain boundary development carried out exploiting field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique. The Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray diffraction (EDAX) spectra analysis confirmed that composition is retained with absence of any foreign impurity. UV-Vis spectral studies of these ceramics confirmed that optical bandgap value about 2.2 eV highly recommended in photocatalytic and opto-electronic device applications. Room temperature dielectric studies revealed that samples are extremely good dielectric materials retained even after 1MHz applied field. The main feature is the dielectric loss which is negotiable for their capability in the modern device applications. Impedance analysis reveals the samples exhibit distributed relaxation times and inherit non-Debye behavior revealed from the depressed semicircles whose centers does not lie on x-axis.
Photonic chip-based multimodal super-resolution microscopy for histopathological assessment of cryopreserved tissue sections
Authors: Villegas-Hernández Luis E. , Dubey Vishesh , Nystad Mona , Tinguely Jean-Claude , Coucheron David A. , Dullo Firehun T. , Priyadarshi Anish , Acuña Sebastian , Mateos Jose M. , Barmettler Gery , Ziegler Urs , Hovd Aud-Malin Karlsson , Fenton Kristin Andreassen , Acharya Ganesh , Agarwal Krishna , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh
Published: May 2021

Histopathological assessment involves the identification of anatomical variations in tissues that are associated with diseases. While diffraction-limited optical microscopes assist in the diagnosis of a wide variety of pathologies, their resolving capabilities are insufficient to visualize some anomalies at subcellular level. Although a novel set of super-resolution optical microscopy techniques can fulfill the resolution demands in such cases, the system complexity, high operating cost, lack of multimodality, and low-throughput imaging of these methods limit their wide adoption in clinical settings. In this study, we interrogate the photonic chip as an attractive high-throughput super-resolution microscopy platform for histopathology. Using cryopreserved ultrathin tissue sections of human placenta, mouse kidney, and zebrafish eye retina prepared by the Tokuyasu method, we validate the photonic chip as a multi-modal imaging tool for histo-anatomical analysis. We demonstrate that photonic-chip platform can deliver multi-modal imaging capabilities such as total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, intensity fluctuation-based optical nanoscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy, and correlative light-electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that the photonic chip-based super-resolution microscopy platform has the potential to deliver high-throughput multimodal histopathological analysis of cryopreserved tissue samples.
Graphene promotes plant root growth by enhancing root respiration
Authors: Chen Zhiwen , Zhao Jianguo , Qiao Jun , Li Weijia , Ge Sai , Guan Zhifang , Liu Zehui , Bai Xiuli , Xing Baoyan , Zhang Jin , Li Jingwei , Yin Weilun
Published: May 2021

To explore the effects of graphene on plant root growth and development, 25 mg/L graphene were used to treat the seedling roots of 48 plant species. These results showed that the total root length of the plants was decreased when cultured by hydroponics method. Whereas the total root length of plant species cultured by soil showed different growth effects, among which the ratio of promotion effect was 69.77%, the ratio of inhibition effect was 11.63% and the no-effect ratio was 18.60%. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms by which graphene presents different growth effects on the root length, we performed RNA-seq for 32 plant roots treated with 25 mg/L graphene. We totally identified 90,259 DEGs in 32 plant species, among which 55,537 were graphene-induced and 34,722 were graphene-repressed. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that 43 pathways were assigned to these enriched differentially expressed genes in response to the graphene treatment. Top enriched pathways include starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, endocytosis, peroxisome etc. The gene expressions of these pathway were induced or repressive in plant roots showing promotion or inhibitory effects, respectively. Accumulation of antioxidant enzyme as well as enhanced respiration might lead to the increasing plant root length. In addition, transcriptome and TEM data showed that graphene enters plant root cells by endocytosis. These results uncovered molecular level influences of graphene on plant roots development.
Vulture, culture and more: putting human-dimensions back in the saddle for conservation policy
Authors: Gupta Urvi , Kumar Nishant
Published: May 2021

Vulture collapse in South Asia accompanied rapid urbanisation. However, the Indian-Subcontinent’s “Action Plan for Vulture Conservation'' and the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals’ (CMS) “Multi-species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian vultures” reflect poorly on how their scavenging services factored in the regional social-ecological tool - a nature-based-solution. We report the ethnography of the extinction of experience concerning vultures in the tropical megacity of Delhi to contribute to wildlife restoration policies in human-use landscapes. People anthropomorphised avian scavengers while sharing perceptions that promoted ritual feeding of crows and kites. It attracted and supported enormous bird-flocks in the region, an ecological response to the rapid niche-evacuation. Stakeholders’ perceptions that offered links in vulture salience and charisma corresponded with respective socio-cultural legends, based on bird morphology, behaviour, and ecosystem services. Conflating with ethnoecology, cultural legends mediated human-animal interface, based on species-specific life-history traits. The latter inextricably tied humans and vultures in their population and demographic parameters and mutual tolerance in behaviour that promoted co-existence. Therefore, wildlife restoration in urbanising landscapes is a moving target, necessitating policies sensitive to progressive loss and/or changes in associative heritage through shifting economic and cultural practices, and socio-cultural stories. In order to uphold their erstwhile functional ecology, vultures would need to behaviourally fathom new built-up spaces, interference from competing scavengers and mediatised misinformation.
Analysis on The CSS Difference and Its Influence Factors Between ATC and PSCCT
Authors: Shuai Jin , Dahuan Li , Ye Yuan-Nong , Peng Dandan
Published: May 2021

Backgrond:The clinical manifestations and treatments of ATC and PSCCT are similar .Their prognosis is worse than other types of thyroid cancer. This study aims to analyze on the CSS Difference and Its prognosis Factors Between ATC and PSCCT.Methods:We reviewed the data of patients who were diagnosed as ATC and PSCCT between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Mier survival analysis, Cox regression models and the log-rank test. The predictive accuracy ability of the model were determined by concordance index (C-index)Result:1164 patients with ATC and 124 patients with PSCCT were included. The clinical treatment rate and distant metastasis rate of ATC is higher than that of PSCCT(p<0.05). PSCCT CSS is better than ATC CSS（p=0.0074）. Multivariable analyses showed that Age,Sex, Radiation,Chemotherapy,Sequencenumber,Marital,SurgPrimSite or M stage were independent prognostic factors,the C-index of this model is 0.803 (95%CI: 0.787-0.819). Age, Radiation, Sequencenumber, SurgPrimSite are independent prognostic factors of PSCCT CSS, C-index of the model is 0.829, (95%CI: 0.786-0.872)Conclusions:Although the overall CSS prognosis of PSCCT patients is better than that of ATC patients, the prognostic factors of ATC and PSCCT are not exactly the same. It is necessary to formulate clinical treatment and management plans based on the type of disease.
For an Application of Protease Inhibitor for the Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections - Acceptable Concentrations of a Protease Inhibitor Nafamostat and Ammonium Chloride for Direct Administration to the Respiratory Epithelium of Mice
Authors: Nakagomi Satoko
Published: May 2021

Many enveloped respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, require host proteases for the infection, and in-vitro studies have demonstrated that protease inhibitors suppress viral infection. However, no application of inhibitors for the treatment of viral respiratory infections have been reported. This is because no method has been established to efficiently deliver inhibitors to the respiratory epithelium. This study explores methods to safely deliver a protease inhibitor nafamostat by assessing whether adverse effects occur when nafamostat is administered directly to the respiratory epithelium.To observe the effect of direct respiratory administration on organisms, inbred mice were intranasally administered the inhibitor solutions under anesthesia. 200µM nafamostat at 20µL/day for 1 week could be administered without any adverse effects. Since 1µM nafamostat is known to suppress the viral entry to cell in vitro, 200µM nafamostat is expected to show enough inhibitory effect also in mice.Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is also known to block the viral entry via endosome. The present study has demonstrated that 74mM NH4Cl could be also administered in the same manner. Since the NH4Cl solution at 50mM is known to efficiently suppress the entry of SARS-CoV-2 via endosome in vitro, NH4Cl may be also available to treat viral infection in vivo.Results of the present study encourage the research to apply nafamostat and also NH4Cl for the treatment of respiratory viral infection, including COVID-19.
A Statistical Analysis on COVID19 Global Vaccination by Best Fit Regression Method
Authors: Datta Jaydip
Published: May 2021

In this analysis a best fit regression is executed in between two variables - population of specific country in million vs percentage of first dosage vaccinated till 25.04.21. The analysis is carried out by a standard statistical software with a significant Pearson correlation (r) of 4th order polynomial fit. The basis of first dosage already vaccinated is 1030 million globally.
N-acetylcysteine - A Convenient Rationale for COVID-19
Authors: Van HEZIK ED J
Published: May 2021

With the emerging mutations and new pandemic waves, there remains a need for an effective antiviral, administered safely and easily in the early treatment phase of SARS-CoV-2, despite the current roll-out of vaccines. For antiviral options in COVID-19 two studies deserve our attention:
1--Ten consecutive severe COVID-19 cases, on the ventilator as well ECMO support, all recovered completely and fairly rapidly by high doses of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) without any mortality.
2--Another study found that serum H2S level is a prognostic marker in COVID-19 pneumonia. A low serum level H2S at admission or a decrease during infection significantly increased the risk of death in COVID-19 patients (n = 74).
Combining these two findings may give us even more options. Stepwise we explore how H2S works in viral respiratory diseases and we focus on the targets in COVID-19: the cell entry (ACE2 receptor), the virus replication (RdRp, nsp12), and the escalation of inflammation to a lethal cytokine storm (NLRP3 inflammasome). Finally, consider the question: How to administer H2S? Dissecting the degradation of NAC shows how the endogenous H2S level can be generated and with which drugs. Already 13 well-documented human cases have successfully supported this approach. The antiviral application of the endogenous H2S provides a pathway to reactivate the collapsed innate immunity as a treatment regimen for COVID-19, in early out-patient as well as later clinical situations. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted, with consideration of antiviral H2S for inclusion in one of the ANTICOV or WHO protocols.
Bir Doğaltaş İşleme Fabrikasında Çalışanların Metabolizma Hızları Göz Önüne Alınarak Termal Konfor Şartlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: MEMİŞ Zişan , ARITAN Ali Ekrem
Published: May 2021

Doğaltaş işleme fabrikalarında çalışanların meslek hastalığına yakalanması durumunu ortam kalitesi etkilemektedir. Ortam kalitesini belirleyen en önemli faktörler; termal konfor şartları, aydınlatma, ortaya çıkan gürültü ve titreşimdir. Termal konforu tanımlayan 6 önemli parametre vardır. Termal konfor şartlarını etkileyen metabolizma hızı, çalışanların işlerinin ağırlığına göre farklılık göstermektedir. Çalışma ortamında sıcaklık, nem vb. etkenler aynı olsa bile çalışanların metabolizma hızındaki farklılık, termal konfor algısını değiştirecek bir etken olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Metabolik oran hem araştırma hem de uygulamada en kabaca değerlendirilen faktördür. Çalışma sahası olarak Afyonkarahisar İl’inde bulunan doğaltaş fabrikası belirlenmiştir. Fabrika içerisinde 6 farklı bölgeden ölçümler alınmıştır. Çalışanların metabolik oranlarının farklı olmasının termal rahatlığı etkilemesi göz önüne alınarak riskli ortamlar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
The Factors Causing Height-Fall Accidents Occurring During Roofing and Facing Works
Authors: GENÇ Olcay , MISTIKOĞLU Gülgün , YILDIZ Onur , ERDİŞ Ercan
Published: May 2021

In order to take the necessary safety measures and to minimize the risk of accidents that may occur during the production, dismantling, and repair of roof and facade cladding systems, during the design process, it is necessary to analyze the prominent accident types and their causes with numerical data. In this study, concerning construction sector, the principal factors affecting fall accidents occurring during roofing and facing works are investigated by a questionnaire survey. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is utilized to analyze the survey results. The results of the EFA identify three key factors; (1) business culture and inappropriate workplace, (2) dynamic and unstable external effects, and (3) job analysis. As a result of this study, the main factors affecting the accidents of falling from height during roofing and facing works are identified and contribution is made to the selection of appropriate protection methods for the practitioners.
Akıllı Tekstil Ürünü Olarak Spor Ceket: Yeni Bir Ürüne Yönelik Tüketici Tepkilerinin Örneklem Özelliklerine Göre Değişimi
Authors: TURHAN Gülden , DOBA KADEM Füsun
Published: May 2021

Farklı kişilerin yeni bir ürüne yönelik davranışsal, duygusal ve bilişsel olarak vereceği tepkiler aynı olmayabilir. Bu çalışmada yeni bir ürün örneği olarak akıllı tekstil ürünlerinden şekil hafızalı spor ceket ürünü incelenmiştir. Akıllı ceket ürünü için satın alma niyeti, ürüne karşı hisleri ve düşüncelerinin kişilerin sahip olduğu demografik ve/veya ekonomik özelliklere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını anlamak için 609 kişiden toplanan veriler analiz edilmiştir. Tüketicileri karakterize eden bir dizi demografik özellikler içerisinden cinsiyet, doğum yeri, yaş, medeni hal ve eğitim düzeyi gibi birtakım belirleyici değişkenler seçilmiştir. Ailenin aylık gelir seviyesi, aynı evi paylaştığı kişiler, araba ve ev sahipliği, çalışma durumu gibi ekonomik durumu açıklayan farklı göstergelere de yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları sadece eğitim düzeyi demografik değişkeni açısından tüketicilerin akıllı cekete karşı olan tepkilerinde anlamlı bir farklılık olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Bakır Anot Çamurundan Bakırın Liçinde Düşük Ötektik Noktalı Çözücü Kullanımının Araştırılması
Authors: RÜŞEN Aydın , TOPÇU Mehmet Ali , KALEM Volkan
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada, pirometalurjik yöntemle metalik bakır üretiminin elektrokazanım aşamasında ortaya çıkan anot çamurundan bakır geri kazanımı üzerine çevre ve insan sağlığına duyarlı düşük ötektik noktalı çözücü (DES) kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Taguchi optimizasyon yöntemi kullanılarak liç sıcaklığı, liç süresi ve katı/sıvı oranı deneysel parametrelerin bakır geri kazanımı üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Kolin klorür (ChCl) ve ürenin 1:2 molar oranda karıştırılmasıyla hazırlanan DES çözücüsü ile yapılan liç işlemleri sonunda optimum şartlar; 95 oC’liç sıcaklığı, 2 saat liç süresi ve 1/20 katı/sıvı oranı olarak belirlenmiş ve bu şartlarda %98 bakır geri kazanımı elde edilmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile ChCl-üre karışımıyla hazırlanan DES çözücüsünün anot çamurundan bakır geri kazanımı için çevreci bir çözücü adayı olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.
Chronic Immune Activation Among Treatment Naïve HIV/ HBV Coinfected Individuals From Southern India
Authors: Demosthenes John Paul , Fletcher Gnanadurai John , Zachariah Uday George , Varghese George Mannil , Pulimood Susanne Alexander , Abraham Priya , Kannangai Rajesh
Published: May 2021

Background :

Chronic immune activation is one of the most widely recognized hallmarks
of HIV infection. T-cells that express CD38+ and HLA-DR+ show poor proliferative potential,
signal transduction, and increased apoptotic potential. This affects HIV pathogenesis and its
outcome and further complicates with a coinfection like HBV.

Method:

Study Design: Cross-sectional. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for virological markers using ELISA for HBeAg and RT-PCR for HIV&HBV Viral load. Chronic immune activation markers of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were measured by Flow cytometry for both HIV and HBV

Results:

There was a significant increase in HBV replication shown by higher HBV DNA
(p=0.002), a higher proportion of HBeAg (p=0.0049), and lower CD4 counts (p=0.04) among
HIV/HBV coinfected individuals, compared to the monoinfected groups. The frequencies of CD4+
CD38+ HLA-DR+ and CD8+ CD38+ HLA-DR+ in the HIV/HBV coinfection were significantly
higher than HBV monoinfected group (P<0.0001) and in the HIV monoinfected group (P<
0.0001). The Liver fibrosis score APRI and FIB-4, were higher in the coinfected group compared
with HBV monoinfected group (0.67 vs. 0.25, p = 0.0085; 3.48 vs. 0.98, p = 0.0026) respectively.
The cytokine levels of IL-17, Fas-L,TNF -α, IL-10, IL-2 and Granzyme B were also measured and
compared among the study groups.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that HIV probably influences immune activation of CD4+ and
CD8+ T cells and this may play a significant role in accelerating the disease outcome among
HIV/HBV coinfected individuals.
Carvacrol as a Potential Neuroprotective Agent for Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review Article
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yassin , Kujawska Małgorzata , Nikbakhtzadeh Marjan , Hassanshahi Amin , Ramezanpour Soudeh , Kamiab Zahra , Bazmandegan Gholamreza
Published: May 2021

Background & Objective:

Neurological diseases are becoming a significant problem
worldwide, with the elderly at a higher risk of being affected. Several researchers have investigated
the neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CAR) (5-isopropyl-2-methyl phenol). This review systematically
surveys the existing literature on the impact of CAR when used as a neuroprotective agent
in neurological diseases.

Methods:

The systematic review involved English articles published in the last ten years obtained
from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The following descriptors were used to
search the literature: “Carvacrol” [Title] AND “neuroprotective (neuroprotection)” [Title] OR
“stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, seizure, epilepsy [Title].

Results:

A total of 208 articles were retrieved during the search process, but only 20 studies met
the eligibility criteria and were included for review. A total of 20 articles were identified, in which
the efficacy of CAR was described in experimental models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s
disease, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and seizure, through motor deficits improvements in
neurochemical activity, especially antioxidant systems, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress
and apoptosis as well as inhibition of TRPC1 and TRPM7.

Conclusion :

The data presented in this study support the beneficial impact of CAR on behavioural
and neurochemical deficits. CAR benefits accrue because of its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-
inflammatory properties. Therefore, CAR has emerged as an alternative treatment for neurological
disorders based on its properties.
Assessment of MicroRNA-15a and MicroRNA-16-1 Salivary Level in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Koopaie Maryam , Manifar Soheila , Lahiji Shahab Shokouhi
Published: May 2021

Background:

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) includes more than 90% of malignancies of the oral cavity. Early diagnosis could effectively improve patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes of oral cancers. MicroRNAs as non-encoding genes have great potential to initiate or suppress cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that disruption of micro-RNA regulation is a common occurrence in cancers.

Objective:

This study set out to evaluate the expression of microRNA-15a (miR-15a) and microRNA- 16-1 (miR-16-1) in the saliva of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients in comparison with a healthy control group.

Methods:

This case-control study was performed on fifteen patients with OSCC and fifteen healthy volunteers as the control group. A 5 ml of non-stimulating whole saliva was collected by spitting method from patients and controls and stored at -70°C. The expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 was investigated using quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results:

MiR-15a and miR-16-1 were downregulated in OSCC patients compared with the control group (p<0.001). The sensitivity of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in differentiating OSCC patients from healthy individuals was 93.3% and 86.67%, respectively, and their specificity was 86.67% and 92.33%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of miR-15a was 90%, and miR-16-1 was 93.3%.

Conclusion:

The present study showed a decrease in the relative expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in OSCC patients compared with healthy individuals. It is probable to introduce salivary values of miR-15a and miR-16-1 as a non-invasive tool for early detection of OSCC. Decreased expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in OSCC indicates the possible effective role of these genes in OSCC etiopathogenesis.
A VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS ON MILKFISH COMMODITY IN SIDOARJO, EAST JAVA
Authors: Nurazyizyah Anita , Setiawan Budi , Syafrial S
Published: May 2021

This study is aimed to describe the mapping of milkfish especially processed milkfish in Sidoarjo and to determine the improvement of the processed milkfish value chain. The identification of actors, activities, profits and margins obtained by each actor is presented along with a value chain improvement strategy. The research method used is a value chain analysis. The research findings showed that the actors involved along the chain were cultivators, borg, collectors, processors and consumers. Processor B obtained the largest margin of IDR 55,000 of 51.4%. The second largest margin obtained by processor A is IDR 32,000 or 28.6%. The cultivators get a margin of IDR 15,000 or 14.02%. The collectors get a margin of IDR 2,000 or 1.87%. Meanwhile, borg received a margin of IDR 3,000 or 2.8%. The difference between borg and collectors’ margin is not too far away because the selling price of milkfish has been determined by the market and the fish is still fresh and undamaged.
Análisis jurídico de las garantías laborales de las trabajadoras sexuales en el marco del estado social de derecho colombiano
Authors: Ardila Rincón Juan Ricardo , Florez Martinez Yuli Paola , Asprilla Bolivar Yulesmi
Published: May 2021

Sexual workers are a population that have been stigmatized through history, not only on social environments but when generating laws, decrees and judicial sentences. That’s why through this applied investigation article focused on the socio-legal searched the regulatory framework that establish working the rights and guarantees of sexual workers in Colombia’s legal system. After the history, regulatory and jurisprudential precedent recap, the struggle to make prostitution working rights valid present positiveresults, every time what was found is that Colombia’s legal system did not have a legal recognition of prostitution as a job and consequently the working rights recognition to who practice this activity. The stigmatized treatment stand out and in some cases degrading to who does this practice, since it has been approach from a prohibitionist focus and mandatory and not since the legalist vision that is the only perspective that recognize this activity as a job.
El estado como garante del derecho de las victimas a la verdad en Colombia
Authors: Petro González Ingrid Regina , Naranjo Tabares Daniela
Published: May 2021

The victim’s right to the truth has had a wide recognition in the international framework of human rights, not just by jurisprudential via but also doctrinal. Inquire in the State’s rol as a guarantor of the right to the truth of the Colombian conflict victims during the peace process, takes validity for of the compliments of the rules that integrate the constitutional side and for the politic will and legislative state of establishing the model of transitional justice.
Emprendimientos de subsistencia: Concepto, alcances y limitaciones bajo el modelo neoliberal
Authors: Segura Gutiérrez José Miguel , Vásquez Ávila Lina Paola , Niño Gil Jarrison
Published: May 2021

This article considers that in the subsistence entrepreneurships exist a social background, political and economic, which affects negatively the possibility of living worthily in the actual time and enjoy the freedom of participation that the marketing system offers. From there, it didn’t pretend to offer an unidirectional posture around such initiatives, but conversely, favor from a reflection supported by different authors, the identification of different ways of sociability, moral virtues and develop of capabilities in the subjects that require them, on the understood that these constitute themselves in alternative ways to affront the social crisis product of the early predation for the neoliberal economical directive, in those already impoverished contexts and with a strong threat in front of the possibility of living.
Descentralización: Reformas y Políticas Educativas en América Latina en los años 90’s
Authors: Cortés Arévalo Olivia , Herrera Pérez Jhan Carlos
Published: May 2021

In this article of bibliographic review, the objective is to give relevant information about the reform and educative politics around the decentralization in the educational, political and financial that looks for the quality of the educative system and show the particularities in some countries of the region such as Mexico, Argentina, Chile and Colombia, the efforts that the different governments have made and other actors for rearrange their systems in the last years of the XX century. An documental analysis was made, in which were considered grade works, magazine articles, among other, the results show that there exist poor efficiency of the management of the resources and the acquisition of them to solve many of the problems in levels of quality and coverage in different territorial entities, poor training to the different actors that interpose in the educative process, bad orientation in the profiles and accomplishment of the functions to develop in every one of the scenarios such schools, education secretariats, Ministry of education.
La resocialización en Colombia: un estudio desde la carcel distrital rodrigo de bastidas
Authors: Rincones Avendaño Daniel Alberto
Published: May 2021

The percentage of resocialization in the Colombian prison and prison system is very low, for this reason this research sought to illustrate alternatives to reach outstanding levels of rehabilitation of the prisoner, but also glimpsed the great shortcomings that the system is going through, such as overcrowding and precariousness. In addition to analyzing the PASO system, the hermeneutic study carried out under Law 65 of 1993 and the bibliographic and historical review of the evolution of the penalty in Colombia and its purposes shows that in terms of prison reeducation, the State is in debt because There are no major advances in this area, on the other hand this manuscript is one of the first in its class, making a thorough study of the different factors that prevent social reintegration consequently this study provides current status of the prison situation in the country and possible solutions.
Pengembangan Prototipe Sistem Pengontrolan Daya Listrik berbasis IoT ESP32 pada Smart Home System
Authors: Lasera Afunia Bundha , Wahyudi Ibnu Hary
Published: May 2021

Internet sudah menjadi kebutuhan pokok bagi lapisan masyarakat. Teknologi yang saat ini masih terus berkembang adalah teknologi berbasis Internet of Things. Untuk memanfaatkan teknologi IoT pastinya membutuhkan suatu konektivitas internet yang kuat dan fasilitas yang memadai. Dalam hal ini peneliti membuat suatu projek IoT yaitu sistem Smart Home dengan Kontrol Daya Listrik Berbasis IoT. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan projek adalah 1) identifikasi dan analisis kebutuhan, 2) perancangan serta pembuatan software dan hardware, 3) tahap pengujian. Fitur sistem smart home yang dibuat menggunakan modul wifi ESP32, dikarenakan modul tersebut mampu menggunakan konektivitas wifi ataupun bluetooth. Sedangkan untuk aplikasi interface software yang digunakan yaitu aplikasi Blynk. Sehingga nantinya dapat digunakan untuk menghidupkan dan mematikan peralatan elektronika yang ada di rumah, seperti lampu, kipas angin, dan televisi yang dikontrol menggunakan smartphone. Keunggulan dari projek smart home ini adalah mampu untuk memonitoring penggunaan daya listrik di rumah dan menampilkan prakiraan biaya rekening listrik tiap bulannya.
Automatic Classification of Screen Gaze and Dialogue in Doctor-Patient-Computer Interactions: Computational Ethnography Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Helou Samar , Abou-Khalil Victoria , Iacobucci Riccardo , El Helou Elie , Kiyono Ken
Published: May 2021

Background

The study of doctor-patient-computer interactions is a key research area for examining doctor-patient relationships; however, studying these interactions is costly and obtrusive as researchers usually set up complex mechanisms or intrude on consultations to collect, then manually analyze the data.

Objective

We aimed to facilitate human-computer and human-human interaction research in clinics by providing a computational ethnography tool: an unobtrusive automatic classifier of screen gaze and dialogue combinations in doctor-patient-computer interactions.

Methods

The classifier’s input is video taken by doctors using their computers' internal camera and microphone. By estimating the key points of the doctor's face and the presence of voice activity, we estimate the type of interaction that is taking place. The classification output of each video segment is 1 of 4 interaction classes: (1) screen gaze and dialogue, wherein the doctor is gazing at the computer screen while conversing with the patient; (2) dialogue, wherein the doctor is gazing away from the computer screen while conversing with the patient; (3) screen gaze, wherein the doctor is gazing at the computer screen without conversing with the patient; and (4) other, wherein no screen gaze or dialogue are detected. We evaluated the classifier using 30 minutes of video provided by 5 doctors simulating consultations in their clinics both in semi- and fully inclusive layouts.

Results

The classifier achieved an overall accuracy of 0.83, a performance similar to that of a human coder. Similar to the human coder, the classifier was more accurate in fully inclusive layouts than in semi-inclusive layouts.

Conclusions

The proposed classifier can be used by researchers, care providers, designers, medical educators, and others who are interested in exploring and answering questions related to screen gaze and dialogue in doctor-patient-computer interactions.