bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alexander and the Medicine
Authors: Antela Borja , Sierra Martín César
Published: March 2022

During the expedition and campaing across Asia, Alexander and his army had been involved in a lot of circunstances that deserved the attention of some professionals of the medicine. The relationship between Alexander’s army and the Physicians is complex, and it is also a question to observe if there were in the army something like a medical unit. Nevertheless, the links between the Argeads and the practice of healing and medical arts and the professionals of medicine seems to have been usual in the Macedonian court. So, Alexander’s episodes concerning his illness, and especially his habilities to heal or to help someone to be healed can be considered as a clue of the king’s connections with Asclepius, and even more, of Alexander’s use of this links to portrait himself as a healer, and in some way even as an incarnation of Asclepios, in his own way to divinization.
Reseña: Claudia Antonetti – Biagi, Paolo (eds.), With Alexander in India and Central Asia: moving East and back to West. Oxford, Oxbow Books. 2017, 292 pp. [978-17-857058-4-7].
Authors: Mendoza Sanahuja Marc
Published: March 2022

Reseña de Claudia Antonetti – Biagi, Paolo (eds.), With Alexander in India and Central Asia: moving East and back to West. Oxford, Oxbow Books. 2017, 292 pp. [978-17-857058-4-7].
Why Did the Successors Meet at Triparadeisus?
Authors: Worthington Ian
Published: March 2022

This note puts forward an alternative suggestion for why the Successors met at Triparadeisus in 320 that calls into doubt the prevailing opinion that they were constantly at loggerheads with each other.
The Last Tyrants of Athens
Authors: Antela Borja
Published: March 2022

This paper deals with the complex situation that lived Athens at the first decades of the Ist Century BC. Between the good and advantageous relations with Rome, that led Athens to big benefits from the control of the Delian markets, and the hard sack of the city by the troops of Sulla in March 86, the city suffered an economical crisis that derived in political instability. The government of Athens finally was hold by some persons who acted like tyrants, in a moment when events and historical context (social conflict and economical crisis) seems to remember the situation that produced the historical phenomenon of the Greek Tyranny.
The Impossible Dream: Tarn's Alexander in Retrospect
Authors: Bosworth A. Brian
Published: March 2022

In this great, although old and difficult to find, paper A. B. Bosworth review Tarn's work on Alexander and many of the Historiographical issues on Alexander the Great during most of the XXth Century.  THIS PAPER WAS ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN Ancient Society Resources for Teachers 3 (1983). The Director of Karanos wants to thanks the Staff in Ancient Society Resources for Teachers (Macquarie University) for the kindness and managements to re-publish this paper.
Eternamente Joven. La extraña juventud de los reyes macedonios
Authors: Molina Antonio Ignacio
Published: March 2022

Tradicionalmente, se ha creído que los reyes helenísticos comenzaron a afeitarse la barba siguiendo el ejemplo de Alejandro Magno. Este artículo propone una nueva visión de esta idea, dado que explica el rostro rapado de Alejandro a través de la juventud de los reyes macedonios. En nuestra opinión, los soberanos de Macedonia fueron presentados muchas veces por sus padres o regentes como eternos adolescentes para permanecer en el poder el mayor tiempo posible. Por lo tanto, la única forma de que cualquier miembro de la dinastía Argead logre una autonomía completa y sea completamente libre era sentarse en el trono. Lo mismo ocurre durante la vida de los generales populares (Parmenion) o consejeros (Aratus). El retrato real creado por los Diadochoi fue un símbolo de poder a través del cual podían gobernar, nunca fue una imitación de uno real. Sin embargo, este retrato real se inspiró en modelos macedonios que presentaban al príncipe Argead como inexperto y débil cuando no llevaban barba.
Reseña: Pat Wheatley – Charlotte Dunn, Demetrius the Besieger, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020, 528 pp [ISBN 9780198836049]
Authors: Molina Ignacio
Published: March 2022

Reseña de Pat Wheatley – Charlotte Dunn, Demetrius the Besieger, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020, 528 pp [ISBN 9780198836049].
Transition to the underworld
Authors: AKAMATIS NIKOS , HILL NADHIRA
Published: March 2022

In 1979, excavations in the eastern cemetery of Pella brought to light, among other finds, a small clay disc that depicts a three-headed deity. This rare object was found with several vases and figurines that allow its dating in the early Hellenistic period. In this article, after a short description of the find, and an examination of its context, special emphasis is given to the identification of the depicted deity and her most probable relation with the goddess Hekate. The clay disc possibly had a magic-protective character related with the passage of the dead to the underworld.
The Coronation of the Diadochi
Authors: Gruen Erich Stephen
Published: March 2022

The year 310 B.C. witnessed the extinction of the Argead line. Cassander had ordered the murder of Young Alexander IV and his mother Roxane, widow of Alexander the Great. The kingdom of Macedonia was now without a king. Cassander’s deed cleared the way for the ambitious dynasts who controlled the armies and lands of the eastern Mediterranean. Yet no one stepped forth to claim the crown. The throne lay vacant for four years. In 306 the situation changed in dramatic fashion. Antigonus Monophthalmus took the title of King, and a chain reaction followed. Within a short span of time, Ptolemy, Seleucus, Lysimachus, and Cassander all acquired the same title. The Hellenistic world which had had no monarch for half a decade suddenly had a plethora of them. But what kind of monarchy, how viewed and how justified? The matter is important. It helped give shape to the age of Alexander’s Successors.
Play: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Fisher Patience
Published: March 2022

Play is an important part of cats’ wellbeing, and in a multi-cat household it can provide exercise and enhance social bonds. Cat guardians should be able to recognize when play is healthy and when it is showing signs of turning into non-play aggression so that they can take steps to redirect before harm is done. This article explains some play solicitation behaviors in kittens and adult cats and illustrates with video how to distinguish sociable play, aggressive behavior that might be mistaken for play, and behaviors that are intended as play but are potentially dangerous because of a mismatch in individual play style.
Equine Advocacy
Authors: Perrett Irene
Published: March 2022

Horses suffer when they’re misunderstood, and seen as tools to meet human needs. These sensitive animals are subjected to pain and fear because the humans in their life have not developed a relationship with them based in understanding and compassion. This article asks, how can we be better advocates for the horses in our lives?
Funkcjonowanie podmiotów turystycznych w dobie pandemii COVID-19 – studium przypadku Dolnego Śląska i Małopolski
Authors: Gruszka Izabela , Manczak Iryna
Published: March 2022

Turystyka stanowi przykład sektora, który w największym stopniu ucierpiał z powodu obostrzeń wdrażanych w warunkach kryzysu wywołanego koronawirusem. Celem artykułu jest analiza funkcjonowania podmiotów turystycznych Dolnego Śląska i Małopolski w trakcie pandemii COVID-19 i ocena roli państwa w przeciwdziałaniu skutkom epidemii w turystyce w świetle opinii przedstawicieli sektora turystycznego. Artykuł opiera się na danych zebranych w trakcie badania jakościowego przeprowadzonego wśród ekspertów specjalizujących się w problematyce turystycznej. Zastosowano technikę zogniskowanych wywiadów grupowych i indywidualny wywiad pogłębiony. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że respondenci ocenili dość krytycznie podjęte działania państwa w zakresie przeciwdziałaniu skutkom kryzysu gospodarczego. Uczestnicy wywiadów zaznaczali, że oferowana przez państwo pomoc była niewystarczająca w stosunku do zgłaszanych potrzeb. Występowały także trudności z otrzymaniem wsparcia, a część podmiotów turystycznych ze względu na status prawny lub rodzaj prowadzonej działalności była nawet go pozbawiana. Negatywne wypowiedzi ekspertów dotyczyły także sposobów i szybkości przekazywania istotnych z punktu widzenia działalności gospodarczej informacji dotyczących wprowadzania restrykcji i obostrzeń. Wszystkie biorące udział w badaniach podmioty turystyczne uprawnione do otrzymania pomocy publicznej skorzystały z takiego wsparcia. Pomoc do nich kierowana pochodziła z rządowych tarcz antykryzysowych, realizowanych przez wojewódzkie urzędy pracy, Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych czy Polski Fundusz Rozwoju oraz z funduszy regionalnych (urzędów marszałkowskich, urzędów miejskich). Głównym sposobem wydatkowania otrzymanego wsparcia było dofinansowanie wynagrodzeń zatrudnionych pracowników. W toku prowadzonych wywiadów odnotowywano, że analizowana tematyka wzbudziła silne emocje wśród uczestników, co znalazło odzwierciedlenie w zaprezentowanych wypowiedziach.
The Potential of Corncobs in Producing Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Semiconductor Material
Authors: Mas'udah Kusuma Wardhani , Taufiq Ahmad , Sunaryono Sunaryono
Published: March 2022

A simple chemical approach was developed to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) from corncob waste through the acid-base method with the addition of PEG-2000 at specific concentrations. The morphology and structure of RGO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The process of reduction and quality of RGO were examined carefully with UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Based on the treatment and characterization, the diffraction data showed a prominent peak of RGO at a 2-theta position of 24.01°. The existence of C=C functional groups was detected in aromatic compound groups and alkene functional groups in aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds by infrared spectroscopy. The use of corncobs as the main raw material synthesized by an environmentally friendly route has tremendous potential in producing RGO that can be used as an efficient semiconductor material.
Mediziner und die Erziehung der „Massen“
Authors: Gossmann Jill
Published: March 2022

A new arena opened to physicians in the Weimar Republic with a government subsidizing health education programs. Professionals delved into discussions on effective ways and means for disseminating hygiene habits among the population. However, when physicians, scientists and medical authorities took counsel on public hygiene education, there was more involved than protecting the people’s health. As the author illustrates, these discussions encompassed an underlying confrontation with the emergence of democracy and mass society. Intrinsic issues were the role of healthcare professionals in the new state as well as the call to lead the masses and to build bridges in a polarized society.
Heat Exchangers for Electronic Equipment Cooling
Authors: Benallou Abdelhanine
Published: March 2022

Recent developments in the electronic equipment market have been very demanding on two important design parameters: the size of the equipment and the efficiency of the cooling system. Indeed, the race for more applications handling in reduced sizes in the case of smartphones requires the use of important amounts of energy in tiny volumes. Similar constraints are encountered in the design of the new generation of vehicles (electric cars, hybrid vehicles, high-speed trains, airplanes), which impose the use of highly integrated electronic structures, resulting in significant power densifications (up to several hundred Watts/cm2). In some CPU boards, the power generated per unit chip area is in the order of 500 kW/m2. Cooling of such boards requires low volume and lightweight heat exchangers to transfer tremendous amounts of heat. The same situation is encountered for most newly developed demotics’ equipment. This chapter reviews available state-of-the-art technologies for electronic equipment cooling, including passive and active techniques, as well as one and two-phase heat exchange. Directions for the design of the different heat exchangers will also be given.
Interaction of Bisphenol A with G Protein: Coupled Receptors - New Paradigms in Breast Cancer
Authors: Molina Luis , D. Figueroa Carlos , Ehrenfeld Pamela
Published: March 2022

The massive use of bisphenols, actually bisphenol A, in consumer products and food packaging has been associated with certain hazardous conditions for human health, which include their interactions with a family of specific membrane receptors and their effects as endocrine disruptors related to breast cancer. For this reason, bisphenol A was removed from many products, but it has been replaced by structural analogs whose pathways of action and metabolic effects are so far partially unknown. This chapter emphasizes the discovery of bisphenols, their uses in human life, and their impact on health population by focusing on breast cancer. Regarding their mechanisms of action, we have focused on the signaling routes activated by bisphenols following their binding to G protein–coupled receptors.
Wingtip Vortices of a Biomimetic Micro Air Vehicle
Authors: Bardera Rafael , Barroso Estela , Carlos Matías Juan
Published: March 2022

Wingtip vortices are generated behind a wing that produces lift. They exhibit a circular pattern of spinning air that generates an additional drag force, the induced drag, reducing the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft. Moreover, the wingtip vortices can pose a hazard to airplane maneuvers, mainly in take-off and landing operations. This chapter describes a review of the lifting-line vortex theory applied to a biomimetic Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) with Zimmerman planform. Therefore, the horseshoe vortex model is deeply explained and the estimations of vortex velocity distribution, lift, and induced drag are obtained with this simple model. These results are compared with experimental data obtained from wind tunnel testing by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Finally, the vorticity maps in the wake of this MAV are obtained from PIV measurements.
Phenolic Compounds in the Plant Development and Defense: An Overview
Authors: Pratyusha Sambangi
Published: March 2022

Phenolic compounds are produced by the plants mainly for their growth, development, and protection. These aromatic benzene ring compounds are very much essential during the plant’s biotic and abiotic stress interactions. They constitute an essential part of plant’s secondary metabolites and play a vital role in various physiological and mechanical activities. These diverse plant phenolic compounds act both as attractants and repellents toward various organisms in the environment. They could act as attractants toward the beneficial organisms and as toxicants against the invading pests and pathogens. These metabolite compounds often enhance during a plethora of stress conditions and act as the first line of defense to provide plant disease resistance. They are also known to influence the other plant metabolic pathways, namely phytoalexin biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species generation. These phenolic compounds participate both in the above- and below-ground plant defense systems. They are produced as root exudates and influence the soil diversity and the neighboring plants. The present review provides an overview of the roles of plant phenolic compounds in the plant kingdom as signaling compounds, pigment compounds, antimicrobials, and defense compounds.
Plant Proteome in Response to Abiotic Stress
Authors: Habibpourmehraban Fatemeh
Published: March 2022

Due to their sessile nature, plants have to confront the stresses and develop potent adaptive tactics to survive and thrive or tolerate their adverse effects. Abiotic stresses, pose a severe threat and multiple morphologies, biochemistry, and physiology procedures to agriculture and the ecosystem. On the other hand, reductions in crop yields brought about by abiotic stress are expected to increase as climate change restricts the worldwide utilization of arable lands and indirectly affects crop productivity. Therefore, understanding how plants perceive stress signals and adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions is crucial for future global food safety and security. In this chapter, we summarize the latest findings of the effects of abiotic stresses on molecular changes in plant organisms, cells, and tissues, focusing on the stress-specific sensing biomolecules and mechanisms at the proteome level.
Causes and Pathogenesis of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Gogou Evdoxia , G. Zarogiannis Sotirios , Siachpazidou Dimitra , Hatzoglou Chryssi , I. Gourgoulianis Konstantinos
Published: March 2022

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a malignancy that arises from the mesothelium, a thin layer of tissue that covers the body’s serous cavities, such as the pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and tunica vaginalis of the testis. More than 80% of all mesothelioma cases originate from the pleura and approximately 75–80% of patients are males. It is almost always fatal with most of those affected dying within a year of diagnosis. Asbestos exposure is the most common cause of MM, which mostly affects the pleura. Various factors, including other mineral fibers, carbon nanotubes, or genetic mutations, are also suggested to have a role in the development of MM. The involvement of asbestos, other mineral fibers, nanotechnological products, the simian virus SV40, ionizing radiation, genetic factors, and inflammation in the development of MM has been discussed in this chapter. This study focuses on the role of other mineral fibers, such as erionite, fluoroedenite, balangeroite, and carbon nanotubes, as well as genetic mutations in BAP1 and other genes, in the pathogenesis of MM. The etiology of MM is considered to be complex, and greater knowledge of the pathogenetic pathways may lead to the identification of effective and personalized treatment targets.
Herbs and Oral Health
Authors: S. Natto Zuhair
Published: March 2022

Herbal medicine has long been used to prevent and control disease, and it can minimize the potential side effects of chemical products. However, side effects from herbs do exist. Most of the challenges with herbal medicine revolves around inadequate information about the effect of herbs in the oral cavity, the mechanism of action, and potential side effects. There are several herbs described in this chapter have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal in oral micro-organisms. It includes aloe vera, ginger, clove, cinnamon, garlic, neem, miswak, turmeric, tulsi, green tea, chamomile, fenugreek, anise plant, peppermint, bloodroot, caraway, eucalyptus, phyllanthus emblica, black seed, myrrh, rosemary, sage, and thyme; some may act as an alternative management option to current treatments for oral conditions such as caries prevention, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral burn, ulcers and inflammation, after extraction, dry mouth, pain reduction, anesthesia, intracanal medications, ill-fitting dentures, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. It can be used in several forms such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, topical agents or local drug delivery devices. However, more research is needed to understand their mechanisms and potential side effects.
Investigation of the Risks of Non-Conforming Services in Logistics: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Authors: Stefanova Marieta
Published: March 2022

After the analyses were performed using the SERVQUA model, the results were used for risk analysis (FMEA) to identify the causes, assessment, and consequences of logistics services that do not meet customer expectations. FMEA analysis was used as a method to investigate the consequences of emerging risks by quantifying the severity, likelihood of occurrence, and detection of non-conforming logistics services that further generated the RPN. Suggestions for specific actions to manage risks and opportunities that can be used for optimisation or improvement are also provided. From the analyses, it can be concluded that the main reasons for the decline in customer satisfaction are poorly managed logistics processes caused by the lack of sufficiently competent employees ready to deal with emerging risks and human errors.
Electromagnetism of Microwave Heating
Authors: Zamorano Ulloa Rafael
Published: March 2022

Detailed electrodynamic descriptions of the fundamental workings of microwave heating devices are presented. We stress that all results come from Maxwell equations and the boundary conditions (BC). We analyze one by one the principal components of a microwave heater; the cooking chamber, the waveguide, and the microwave sources, either klystron or magnetron. The boundary conditions at the walls of the resonant cavity and at the interface air/surface of the food are given and show how relevant the BC are to understand how the microwaves penetrate the nonconducting, electric polarizable specimen. We mention the application of microwaving waste plastics to obtain a good H2 quantity that could be used as a clean energy source for other machines. We obtained trapped stationary microwaves in the resonant cavity and traveling waves in the waveguides. We show 3D plots of the mathematical solutions and agree quite well with experimental measurements of hot/cold patterns. Simulations for cylindrical cavities are shown. The radiation processes in klystrons and magnetrons are described with some detail in terms of the accelerated electrons and their trajectories. These fields are sent to the waveguides and feed the cooking chamber. Whence, we understand how a meal or waste plastic, or an industrial sample is microwave heated.
Měkkýši Národní přírodní památky Hrabanovská černava (střední Čechy) [Molluscs of the Hrabanovská černava National Nature Monument (Central Bohemia)]
Authors: Beran Luboš , Škodová Jana
Published: March 2022

The Hrabanovská černava National Nature Monument is one of the most valuable wetland areas in Central Bohemia. It comprises diverse wetland habitats such as small pools, littorals, fens with Carex vegetation, and Molinia meadows with willows located on calcareous (lacustrine chalk) sediments along with xerotherm lawns and Festuca meadows on the remnants of sand dunes. This study compares all unpublished malacological data with the first general research of this area and accesses a combined species list of malacofauna from all habitats. Recently, there are 40 species of molluscs recorded, including very abundant population of the fen snail Vertigo angustior and unique populations of two endangered freshwater molluscs Planorbis carinatus and Pisidium pseudosphaerium, both having very rare occurrence in the Czech Republic. The presence of sparsely occurred Vallonia enniensis, Vertigo antivertigo and Euconulus praticola is also remarkable. This paper confirms the special quality of the Hrabanovská černava National Nature Monument as precious refuge for wetland molluscs in the Czech Republic.
Vodní měkkýši přírodní rezervace Maštale (východní Čechy) [Aquatic molluscs of the Maštale Nature Reserve (East Bohemia)]
Authors: Beran Luboš
Published: March 2022

The Maštale Nature Reserve (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) represents a system of rocky sandstone valleys with springs, ponds and several streams. Aquatic molluscs of this area have never been studied, which became a reason for the first inventory conducted in 2019 and 2020. Altogether 19 species were found at 39 sites, from which Radix labiata, Gyraulus albus, Ancylus fluviatilis and Pisidium casertanum belonged among the most often recorded species while Bythinella austriaca, Acroloxus lacustre, Lymnaea stagnalis, Anodonta anatina, Pisidium milium and P. personatum were found at only one or two sites. Majority of recorded molluscs belonged to common and widespread species; only gastropod Bythinella austriaca and pea mussels Pisidium milium and P. obtusale are listed in the Red List of the Czech Republic in the category Near Threatened. The occurrence of hydrobiid B. austriaca in the area where sandstone dominated is noteworthy. Two non-native species Physa acuta and Ferrissia californica were found.
New technologies in energy management systems of buildings
Authors: Vučković Aleksandar , Pitić Goran
Published: March 2022

This paper provides an overview of trends in the application of digital technologies in the energy management system of commercial buildings. In recent years, energy management in buildings, based on digital technologies, has resulted in the reduction in energy consumption of up to 50%. The paper covers trends in the development and application of digital devices and software in various technological areas such as Internet of Things, Edge Computing, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Blockchain. Based on the review of the results of the conducted experiments as well as the characteristics of the technologies themselves, automation has been defined as a cornerstone of maximization of energy savings and digital transformation of the energy management system in buildings.
Organic plant products are of more improved chemical composition than conventional ones
Authors: Golijan Jelena , Sečanski Mile
Published: March 2022

Considering the negative effects of conventional agricultural production, organic food production is a sustainable approach to production, which preserves the environment and protects human health. Organic products are products of high quality, without residues of pesticides and other harmful chemicals. Through the review of literature data, the authors of this paper presented a comparative study on the chemical compositions of organically vs. conventionally grown plants and their products. Dry matter, nitrates, sugars, vitamins, macro-and microelements, as well as, secondary metabolites have been singled out. The analysis of collected data revealed that organic products contained more dry matter, significantly fewer nitrates, fewer proteins and a higher proportion of amino acids, more sugars, vitamin C, numerous macro-and microelements (particularly Fe, Mg and P), more polyphenols and they had higher total antioxidant capacity than conventional products. Although many authors have been dealing for many years with the comparison of the nutritional composition of organic and conventional food products, a clear consensus whether organic products have an improved chemical composition compared to conventional products has not been reached yet, i.e. the conclusions are ambivalent. Therefore, further long-term studies are necessary to clarify the existing doubts.
The phase stability of nanosecond Gunn oscillators
Authors: Kozhevnikov Vasily , Kozyrev Andrey , Konev Vladimir , Klimov Aleksey
Published: March 2022

Introduction/purpose: Detailed theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out in order to investigate the problem of a phase stability in electrodynamically uncoupled Gunn oscillators. Methods: The influence of modulating pulse instabilities has been investigated by means of computer simulation in the framework of a nonlinear one-dimensional theoretical model of the GaAs Gunn diode semiconductor active region. Experimental observations were also conducted including microwave measurements and antenna far-field estimation. They confirm the main theoretical results and extend the key work conclusions. Results: It was shown that the initial phase of the microwave oscillation out of the Gunn oscillator is independent of internal noises of the semiconductor structure and can be fixed only by the modulating voltage pulse. Conclusion: Gunn-diodes based microwave oscillators were stabilized using the leading edge of the voltage pulse from the modulating power supply. These results open up serious prospects for designing antenna phased arrays based on Gunn oscillators without mutual feedback (electrodynamically independent).
A study on integral transforms of the generalized Lommel-Wright function
Authors: Saeed Khan , Haq Sirazul , Ali Khan , Fabiano Nicola
Published: March 2022

Introduction/purpose: The aim of this article is to establish integral transforms of the generalized Lommel-Wright function. Methods: These transforms are expressed in terms of the Wright Hypergeometric function. Results: Integrals involving the trigonometric, generalized Bessel function and the Struve functions are obtained. Conclusions: Various interesting transforms as the consequence of this method are obtained.
High speed target tracking 371 radar system based on the use of BPSK signal and digital Doppler shift compensation
Authors: Golubičić Zoran , Simić Slobodan , Zejak Aleksa , Reljić Boro , Marić Svetislav
Published: March 2022

Introduction/purpose: This paper presents a model of a high speed target radar tracking system that is much simpler than the existing ones. The Doppler shift is compensated before signal compression, simultaneously with the modification of the clock signal in the compression filter. This is possible thanks to the development of FPGA technology. The most important for this application are very fast clock control units which enable operation with different frequency references up to 1 GHz with an accuracy far below 1 Hz. Methods: In this paper, the methodology of mathematical modeling and simulation is used. Results: The results of the analysis of the most important effects in radars caused by high-speed targets are presented and discussed - target migration through resolution cells and compression filter response distortion due to high target acceleration. Conclusion: Thanks to flexible RF and signal processing hardware, complex radar processing procedures are not required. The sensitivity of the BPSK signal to the Doppler shift (which is usually considered a disadvantage) can be used to reject targets at a slightly different rate. This system can be used in space debris tracking, airspace target tracking, car driving, etc.
A concha do mexilhão Perna Perna: presença de impurezas e espessura em diferentes condições ambientais
Authors: Lima Dayvison Felismindo , Gonçalves Thaluana Silva , Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira Di , Franco Roberto Weider de Assis
Published: March 2022

O estudo avalia e compara as influências ambientais (aporte de rios e exposição a ondas) sobre a presença de Fe(III) e Mn(II) e a espessura das conchas do mexilhão Perna perna. As seguintes hipóteses são levantadas: i) conchas provenientes de áreas com maior influência de rios têm maiores concentrações de Fe(III) e Mn(II); e ii) conchas provenientes de áreas com maior exposição a ondas são mais espessas. A primeira hipótese foi confirmada, e as maiores concentrações de ambos os elementos foram registrados em conchas provenientes de Atafona, área localizada próximo a foz do Rio Paraíba do Sul. A segunda hipótese não se confirmou. A média dos valores de espessura da concha foi maior em Búzios, que é uma área classificada como ausente em relação à exposição a ondas. Este resultado pode ser explicado pela elevada disponibilidade de CO32- para águas costeiras nessa área. O mexilhão P. perna é um filtrador séssil com ampla distribuição na costa brasileira, e os resultados do estudo sugerem que seus bancos naturais podem constituir sentinelas de caracterização e monitoramento ambiental.
Parasitism by Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 (Acarina: Ixodidae) on Rhinella marina Linnaeus, 1758 (Anura Bufonidae) in the Amazon Forest: geographic expansion across Madeira River
Authors: Barbosa Raul Afonso Pommer , Souza Brendo Barros de , Evangelista Jaina Rodrigues , Lima Andréia Nalva Bernardi de , Reis Jessica Fernanda Teodoro , Nascimento Welington da Silva Paula do , Souza Claudia Christian Bezerra de , Dutra Ricardo Segundo da Silva , Prestes André Luiz da Cruz
Published: March 2022

Host-parasite interactions between ticks and wild species are important for examining the ecology and distribution of ticks, as well as the consequences of these interactions for hosts and diseases. Ticks have medical importance because they are vectors of microorganisms and pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, that can be transmitted to humans and other animals, causing serious disease. Like other anuran species, Rhinella marina also harbors a wide variety of parasites. This occurs mainly because of its large body size and because it occupies terrestrial environments, but also because it has direct contact with aquatic environments (larval and reproductive stages), thus presenting several opportunities for parasitic infections.  This work has as main objective to describe the occurrences of host-parasite interactions between the species Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) and Amblyomma rotundatum (Koch, 1844) geographically expanding their occurrence in the Amazon rainforest through the Madeira River. During a herpetofauna survey, the first individual of R. marina was observed at 08:37 PM on September 20, 2020. The location is near a transect within a primary forest. This individual was parasitized by a single tick identified as Amblyomma rotundatum. On a second expedition, a second individual of R. marina was observed at 11:38 PM on January 5, 2021. The location is rural road C-01 in the municipality of Porto Velho-RO, which passes within a primary forest and deforested private properties. This individual was parasitized by nine ticks identified as Amblyomma rotundatum. An important observation to be made is that the occurrences of A. rotundatum parasitizing R. marina are 57 km apart and cross an important geographical barrier, the Madeira River of the Amazon basin.  This work geographically expands the occurrence of A. rotundatum parasitism on R. marina and describes the natural histories of this host-parasite interaction of these species.
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL WASTES ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM SINALOA, MEXICO
Authors: ROE SOSA ADRIANA , CRISTERNA SOSA SAIT OMAR , AMABILIS SOSA LEONEL E.
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:
In Sinaloa, agricultural and livestock practices are extensive but proportionally generate organic wastes that subsequently produce greenhouse gases and negatively impact water bodies. In this research, a laboratory-scale up-flow anaerobic reactor was configured and evaluated to treat combined agricultural and livestock wastes. Subsequently, the quality and yield of the biogas were used to make an energetic and economic comparison with Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). The results were also projected for the energy needs of the pilot community from which the waste was obtained. The reactor used was a 2.4 L reactor operated continuously at 45±2 °C and HRT of 7.2 d, with an organic load of 15000 mg/L. Carbon/nitrogen ratios of 25:1 and 32:1 were evaluated. With the 25:1 ratio, 1650 mL/d of biogas were obtained. With this ratio, greater stability was observed, and a higher proportion of methane. On average, 70% was methane (once stabilization was reached), converting it into biofuel. The projection made for Sinaloa is that 59.65 m3 of methane could be obtained per year, which is equivalent to $2.25 million per year. All the information generated serves as a precedent for large-scale technical and economic feasibility studies. All these studies will allow the integral use of agricultural industry waste, mainly in rural communities, which will also improve the population's quality of life.
Keywords: methane yield, biofuel, agricultural wastes management, methane, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, carbon/nitrogen ratio
EFFECT OF ADHESIVE ON MICRO SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF A NEW BIOACTIVE, RESTORATIVE MATERIAL ON NORMAL AND CARIES-AFFECTED DENTINE
Authors: SONKAYA Ezgi , SÜSGÜN YILDIRIM Zehra
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Activa BioActive-Restorative is defined as a self-adhesive dual-cured resin-modified glass ionomer. The suggested application method includes only conditioning to the dentine with acid and keeps bonding optional. This study aims to evaluate the micro shear bond strength in the presence and absence of the bonding agent application after acid conditioning for different dentin surfaces.
Materials and Methods: 30 posterior molars having occlusal caries were used. The flat dentin surfaces involving normal dentin (ND) and caries affected dentin (CAD) were prepared and randomly divided into three groups: Activa BioActive-Restorative (Pulpdent, USA) with only 10 seconds of acid application (Act), Activa with acid and bonding application (Optibond All in one, USA) (Act B), GC G-aenial Universal posterior composite with acid and bonding application (GC, Japan). A total of 6 groups were formed, as each group had normal and caries-affected dentin surfaces. Universal test machines were used to calculate micro shear bond strength at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and failure modes were determined by stereomicroscope.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between test values of each group neither for ND (p:0,065; p>0,05) nor for CAD (p:0,110; p>0,05). There is no statistically significant difference between μ-SBS values of the ND and CAD subgroup for any of the groups (Act p:0,933; Act B p:0,684; GC p:0,863; p>0,05). Adhesive failure dominated the other failure modes.
Conclusions: There is no difference between adherence of the material to ND and CAD. Acid application is sufficient for adequate binding. However, an optional bond application can be recommended, especially for dentin cavities.
Keywords: Micro shear bond strength, bioactivity, adhesion
EVALUATION OF THE IMPACTS OF SURGICAL REMOVAL OF IMPACTED TEETH ON ALTERATIONS OF THE MOOD WITH BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY
Authors: DEMİRSOY Mustafa Sami , ERDİL Aras , ÇOLAK Sefa , TÜMER Mehmet Kemal
Published: March 2022

Objectives
To determine whether the inflammatory complications following impacted third molar surgeries and varying surgical difficulties impact individuals' mood alterations.
Materials and Methods
A prospective, double-blind, observational study was designed with three study groups (slightly, moderate, and very difficult) constituted with surgical difficulty scores. The participants were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively on the sixth hour, second and seventh days. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Beck depression scale (BDS) scores, maximal mouth opening, and swelling amounts were recorded.
Results
A total of 75 patients were enrolled and divided into three study groups with an equal number of participants.
The preoperative mean BDS scores of the study groups (slightly, moderate, very difficult) were 9.16, 7.16, and 8.12, and mean VAS scores were 2.86, 1.4, and 1.56, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between the surgical difficulty and the increased BDS scores on the second and seventh postoperative days (p=0.031, p=0.001). Significant correlations were observed between surgical difficulty and VAS scores (p=0.018) and maximum mouth opening amounts (p=0.021) on the second postoperative day. Also, postoperative swelling amounts were significantly affected by surgical difficulty on the postoperative second day (p=0.007). The impact of surgical difficulty and inflammatory complication-related factors on the postoperative BDS scores' increase was also evaluated, and the postoperative pain, trismus, swelling, and operation time correlated.
Conclusion
The surgical removal of impacted molar teeth has significant effects on alterations in mood. It would be beneficial to consider different aspects of the postoperative term that the patient will experience in third molar surgeries.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Most Cited Articles Published in the Cumhuriyet Dental Journal
Authors: DESTE GÖKAY Gonca , OYAR Perihan , DURKAN Rukiye
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bibliometric profile of the most cited articles published in Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (CDJ).
Materials and methods: TR Dizin database was used to search the most frequently cited articles. After the screening process, a researcher organized the articles according to the citation counts. The citation counts, publication year, authorship, contributing institutions and countries, manuscript language, field of dental research, study type and design, data analysis method and keywords were evaluated.
Results: 123 citations were made to 76 articles. The citation counts ranged from 1 to 6. While the highest citation counts (n=17) were in 2012, the highest citation prevalence (1.93) was in 2011. There was a predominance of research area of Dental Materials (23.7%), original articles (69.7%), experimental studies (38.2%) and analytical data analysis method (90.2%). Original research articles in Dental Materials (88.9%) and Behavioral, Epidemiological and Health Services Research (100%), review articles in Prosthodontics (37.5%), and case reports in Diagnostic Research (57.1%) was more common. The highest citation prevalence was found in Periodontology (2.75). Most of the articles (28.9%) have 3 authors. Most of the articles(90.8%) originated from Turkey with the greatest contributions from Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry (22.4%). The manuscript language was Turkish at a rate of 57.9%. Among a total of 282 keywords, the most frequently used keywords were ‘‘bond strength’’ (n=6) and ‘‘composite resin’’ (n=5).
Conclusions: The profile of citations in CDJ shows that original research in the research areas of Dental Materials and Behavioral, Epidemiological and Health Services Research is predominant, with growing participation of local authors.
Effect of Modelıng Liquid Use on Color and Whiteness Index Change of Composite Resins
Authors: AYDIN Numan , KARAOĞLANOĞLU Serpil , ERSÖZ Bilge
Published: March 2022

Objective: Composite resins are widely used in the restoration of teeth. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of modeling liquid use on the color and whiteness index changes of composite resins.
Materials and Methods: In the study, samples were prepared using different composite resins (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic, Estelite Asteria, G-aenial A'Chord and Omnichroma). Before polymerization of the prepared samples, modeling liquid was applied to one group with a composite brush, while modeling liquid was not applied to the other group. After the polymerization process, the samples were polished using the finishing and polishing system (Clearfil Twist Dia). Color measurement of samples kept in coffee was measured at the beginning, at 7th and 30th days using spectrophotometer. CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) and whiteness index (WID) formulas were used to calculate color changes. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p>0.05).
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the color and whiteness index change values of the composite resins on the 7th and 30th days (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the color and whiteness index change values of the composite resins with and without modeling liquid (p>0.05). The control group, which did not undergo finishing and polishing, showed the statistically highest color change (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Composite resins showed change in color (ΔE00:1.8) and whiteness index (ΔWID:2.6) above the acceptable threshold value (AT) in coffee. The use of modeling liquid did not affect the color and whiteness index changes of the composite resins.
COMPARISON OF FOUR DIFFERENT ENDODONTIC ROTARY SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF CYCLIC FATIGUE
Authors: ŞANAL ÇIKMAN Ahter , CEYHANLI Tolga
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare four endodontic rotary systems in terms of cyclic fatigue.
Material and Methods: 25/.08 Twisted File (TF), TF Adaptive, Reciproc and WaveOne rotary files were used to test the cyclic fatigue strength in this study. Four different artificial canals, compatible with the file size and taper, were created, with the curvature angle and radius of 450-2 mm, 600-2 mm, 450-5 mm and 600-5 mm, respectively. The front surface of the artificial canals was covered with a removable glass plate. The files were operated in the canals according to their own working principles until they fractured. The fracture time was determined by using a chronometer with 1/100 second accuracy and the cyclic fatigue strength was evaluated according to the time until fracture occurs. A total of 40 files, 10 in each canal, were used in each group. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis. Mann-Whitney U test was applied for pairwise comparisons. Bonferroni correction was applied and P<0.008 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: In all canals, fracture time was the highest for Reciproc files, followed by WaveOne, TF Adaptive and TF files, respectively. For the canal curvature of 450-2 mm, the Reciproc files were significantly more resistant to fracture than the others. While there was no significant difference between TF Adaptive and TF, WaveOne was significantly more resistant than both groups. In canals with the curvature of 600-2 mm and 450-5 mm Reciproc and WaveOne were significantly more resistant to fracture than TF Adaptive and TF. In addition, TF Adaptive was significantly more resistant than TF. For the curvature of 600-5 mm, the difference between all groups was significant.
Conclusions: Regardless of the canal curvature, the Reciproc exhibited the highest cyclic fatigue strength, while the TF showed the lowest fatigue strength.
Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Upper Premolar Teeth Restored With Bulk Fill And Conventional Resin Composite
Authors: GÖK Adem , DALLI Mehmet , DULGERGİL Çoruh
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated upper premolar teeth restored with different resin composites.
Materials and Methods: Hundred and eight maxillary premolar teeth were randomly divided into nine groups (n=12). The teeth in the first group were left intact and tested as unprepared group 1 (negative control) (group 1). Other eight groups were prepared with MOD cavities and endodontically treated. The teeth in group 2 (positive control) were unrestored. Other groups were restored with different resin composites. Group 3: conventional resin composite and group 4-9 six bulk fill resin composite (group 4: 3M Filtek Flowable Bulk Fill, group 5: 3M Filtek Posterior Bulk Fill, group 6: Voco X-tra base, group 7: Voco X-tra fil, group 8: Dentsply SDR Flow, group 9: Dentsply Quixfil). Single Bond Universal was applied as self-etch, according to application instructions. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C. Compressive force was applied parallel to the long axis of the teeth. The test was carried out at a speed of 1mm/min. ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used in the analysis of the data (p,0.05).
Results: Conventional resin composite (group 3) showed lower fracture resistance than bulk fill resin composites (p<0.05) . There was no significant difference between the groups restored with bulk fill composites (p≥0.05).
Conclusions: The bulk fill composites increase the fracture resistance of endodontic treated teeth,