bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collisionless Reconnection in Magnetohydrodynamic and Kinetic Turbulence
Authors: Loureiro Nuno F. , Boldyrev Stanislav
Published: December 2017

It has recently been proposed that the inertial interval in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is terminated at small scales not by a Kolmogorov-like dissipation region, but rather by a new sub-inertial interval mediated by tearing instability. However, many astrophysical plasmas are nearly collisionless so the MHD approximation is not applicable to turbulence at small scales. In this paper, we propose an extension of the theory of reconnection-mediated turbulence to plasmas which are so weakly collisional that the reconnection occurring in the turbulent eddies is caused by electron inertia rather than by resistivity. We find that the transition scale to reconnection-mediated turbulence depends on the plasma beta and on the assumptions of the plasma turbulence model. However, in all of the cases analyzed, the energy spectra in the reconnection-mediated interval range from

to

.
Assessment of the Correlation between Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and Waist–Hip Ratio
Authors: Rashiti Premtim , Behluli Ibrahim , Bytyqi Albiona Rashiti
Published: December 2017

AIM: To study the correlation between waist/hip ratio as measure of obesity and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) assessed by coronary angiography in Kosovo.METHODS: The study includes 82 patients with suspected or known CAD referred for coronary angiography. All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination including measurement of arterial blood pressure, body weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumferences, waist/hip ratio and waist/height ratio. Coronary angiography was performed by standard techniques to determine the presence and severity of coronary artery lesion by Gensini score.RESULTS: Among the 82 patients included in the study, in CAD – group (mean age was 66.76 ± 9.12 years) and non-CAD group (mean age was 64.80 ± 8.30 years), patients in CAD group had BMI (mean 28.17 ± 3.32 kg/m2) and in non-CAD group had BMI (mean 28.76 ± 4.68 kg/m2 ). Patients in CAD group had waist/height ratio (mean 1.76 ± 7.56) and in non-CAD group had waist/height ratio (mean 0.57 ± 0.08). Patient in CAD group had waist/hip ratio (mean 0.93 ± 0.06) and in non-CAD group (mean 0.88 ± 0.07). Thirty seven patients (45.1%) had no coronary artery disease (Gensini score = 0), 15 patients (18.3%) had mild disease (Gensini score = 1-32), 14 patients (17.1%) had moderate disease (Gensini score = 32-58), 16 patients (19.5%) had severe disease (Gensini score ≥ 58).CONCLUSION: There is a significant positive correlation between waist/hip ratio and presence and severity of coronary artery disease among Kosovar patients.
De la philosophie sociale à la sociologie : science, normativité et politique
Authors: Vatin François
Published: December 2017

Cet article se penche sur l’histoire de l’expression « philo­sophie sociale ». Apparue au milieu du xviii e   siècle, elle désigne d’abord les valeurs et normes de conduite profanes par opposition aux règles religieuses. En concurrence avec d’autres expressions, elle désigne au cours du xix e   siècle le projet de science du social avant que s’impose le terme de « sociologie ». Après l’instauration académique de la sociologie cette expression reste utilisée. Elle prend alors une connotation normative par opposition à l’ambition positive de la sociologie. L’histoire des usages de l’expression de philosophie sociale montre toutefois que la question est plus complexe. Elle nous invite à discuter la combinaison de positivité et de normativité présente dans toute science du social.
L’Europe face aux risques extrêmes
Authors: Huberdeau Philippe , Vidon Edouard
Published: December 2017

L’Europe fait face à de nombreuses crises face auxquelles ont été développés des mécanismes de gestion des risques sur un modèle assurantiel. La réduction et la mutualisation des risques imposent de repenser le principe de subsidiarité.
L’annonce d’une métamorphose attendue
Authors: Demarigny Fabrice
Published: December 2017

Les politiques communautaires de l’Union européenne ont progressé plus rapidement que la démocratisation des institutions. Les discours d’Emmanuel Macron et de Jean-Claude Juncker sont l’occasion d’interroger la construction d’une Europe politique et démocratique.
OSS popularity: Understanding the relationship between user-developer interaction, market potential and development stage
Authors: Cheruy Clémence , Robert Frank , Belbaly Nassim
Published: December 2017

Alors que le logiciel libre a particulièrement retenu l’attention et l’intérêt du monde académique et managérial, beaucoup de recherches ont cherché à comprendre les facteurs de succès de ces logiciels OSS. Cependant, ces recherches se sont principalement concentrées sur des projets reconnus et de grande envergure, tels que Linux ou Apache. Une investigation des projets moins connus permettrait une compréhension plus complète et d’éviter un taux d’échec important des projets OSS. Cette étude investigue donc la combinaison de trois facteurs : les interactions des utilisateurs et développeurs, la pénétration du marché et le stade de développement, afin d’observer leur impact sur la popularité des projets OSS peu connus. Nous avons pour cela développé un modèle empirique de la popularité des OSS, et avons testé nos hypothèses sur 657 projets de logiciel libre. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que la combinaison des trois facteurs a un impact positif sur la popularité des OSS. De plus, contrairement aux études précédentes, nos résultats révèlent également que les interactions entre utilisateurs et développeurs ont un rôle plus important que les activités reliées à la résolution de bugs dans la réussite des projets. Cette recherche propose une nouvelle manière de mesurer la popularité d’un projet OSS et offrant ainsi aux organisations une meilleure compréhension.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty With Same-Day Discharge: Who Failed and Why
Authors: Kim Kelvin Y. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Elbuluk Ameer , Chen Kevin , Davidovitch Roy , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: December 2017

As the emphasis on value-based care within total joint arthroplasty increases, this procedure is becoming more prevalent in the outpatient setting. The goals of this study were to report on the authors' early experiences with same-day discharge and to identify patient characteristics that are associated with failure to discharge after total hip arthroplasty within this program. All patients who were enrolled in the same-day discharge total hip arthroplasty program at the study institution between January 2015 and July 2016 were included. Demographics, baseline characteristics, and clinical and quality outcomes were compared between patients who successfully completed this program and those who did not. Of the 163 study subjects, 143 (87.7%) were discharged successfully on the same day as surgery. Women, patients younger than 40 years, and patients older than 60 years all had an increased risk of failing the program. Body mass index of 26 kg/m
2
or less was associated with a 40% greater risk of failure. Patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 had a 3-fold risk of failure compared with patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 2 or less. The screening protocol for same-day discharge at the study institution had an 87.7% rate of successful same-day discharge. Further investigation is needed to identify patients who are at risk of failing the same-day discharge initiative. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):35–42.]
Outcomes of Femoral Head Marrow Stimulation Techniques at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Hartigan David E. , Perets Itay , Chaharbakhshi Edwin O. , Walsh John P. , Yuen Leslie C. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: December 2017

This study compared patients who underwent femoral head microfracture with a control group of patients who did not require microfracture. Patients had more than 2 years of follow-up. The patient groups had similar demographic and radiographic features, including sex, age within 5 years, body mass index within 5 points, equal Tönnis grade, lateral center edge angle within 5°, labral treatment, and capsular closure vs release. Inclusion criteria were a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, Outerbridge grade IV cartilage damage, and femoral head marrow stimulation technique performed at the time of arthroscopy. Exclusion criteria were revision surgery, dysplasia, Tönnis grade of greater than 1, protrusio or profunda acetabuli, Perthes disease of the hip, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, abductor tear, and avascular necrosis of the hip. Patient-reported outcomes included modified Harris hip score, nonarthritic hip score, hip outcome score—activity of daily living subscale, hip outcome score—sports subscale, and visual analog scale score for pain. Fifteen patients had femoral head microfracture with more than 2 years of follow-up. Mean improvements in modified Harris hip score, nonarthritic hip score, hip outcome score—sports subscale, and visual analog scale score were 17.1, 19.4, 30.5, and 2.8, respectively, for the microfracture group compared with 11.8, 18.5, 22.2, and 3.0, respectively, for the control group. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement (
P
<.05) for all patient-reported outcomes, and no significant difference was found between the 2 patient groups at latest follow-up. Two patients in the microfracture group vs 3 patients in the control required hip arthroplasty. Femoral head microfracture is a technically difficult procedure, but when performed correctly, the results are similar to those of patients who do not require microfracture. Further study of femoral head microfracture is necessary to confirm these encouraging short-term outcomes. [
Orthopedics
. 2018; 41(1):e70–e76.]
Short-term Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty Performed at an Orthopedic Specialty Hospital
Authors: Padegimas Eric M. , Kreitz Tyler M. , Zmistowski Benjamin , Teplitsky Seth L. , Namdari Surena , Purtill James J. , Hozack William J. , Chen Antonia F.
Published: December 2017

This study compared perioperative outcomes for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at an orthopedic specialty hospital and a tertiary referral center. The authors identified all primary TKA procedures performed in 2014 at the 2 facilities. Each patient at the orthopedic specialty hospital was manually matched to a patient at the tertiary referral center according to demographic and clinical variables. Matching was blinded to outcomes. Outcomes were 90-day readmission, mortality rate, reoperation, length of stay, and use of inpatient rehabilitation. Each group had 215 TKA patients. The 2 groups of patients were similar in age (66.8 years,
P
=.98), body mass index (30.4 kg/m
2
,
P
=.99), age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (3.4,
P
=1.00), and sex (46.0% male,
P
=1.00). Mean length of stay was 1.47±0.62 days at the orthopedic specialty hospital vs 1.87±0.75 days (
P
<.01) at the tertiary referral center. There were 3 readmissions at the orthopedic specialty hospital and 6 readmissions at the tertiary referral center (
P
=.31). There were 6 reoperations at the orthopedic specialty hospital and 5 at the tertiary referral center (
P
=.76). In addition, 8 patients at the orthopedic specialty hospital used inpatient rehabilitation vs 15 patients at the tertiary referral center (
P
=.08). One patient who was treated at the orthopedic specialty hospital required transfer to a tertiary referral center. This study found that perioperative outcomes were similar for matched patients who underwent primary TKA at an orthopedic specialty hospital and a tertiary referral center. Patients treated at the orthopedic specialty hospital spent 0.4 fewer days in the hospital compared with matched patients who were treated at the tertiary referral center. This equals 2 fewer hospital nights for every 5 TKA patients. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):e84–e91.]
Alma Tapia: la línea moderna
Authors: Gaitán Salinas Carmen , Murga Castro Idoia
Published: December 2017

Formada dentro de los círculos institucionistas y miembro de una de las familias más relevantes de la España de comienzos del XX, Alma Tapia participó de la escena artística de entonces como ilustradora, cartelista y miembro del Lyceum Club Femenino. Tras la Guerra Civil y la victoria del general Franco, sus convicciones políticas la llevaron al exilio mexicano donde continuó trabajando en el mundo editorial. Fue una artista que, a través de su trabajo, contribuyó a difundir el vasto y valioso legado cultural de la España del primer tercio del siglo XX.
Studies in the Neotropical Apocynaceae LI: a new species of Laubertia (Apocynaceae) from Brazil
Authors: Morales J. Francisco
Published: December 2017

A new species of Laubertia from Brazil supported by morphological characters and molecular data is described and illustrated. Laubertia brasiliensis sp. nov. is closely related to L. contorta from northern Mesoamerica and Mexico, but differs by its straight corolla tube, whereas L. contorta has a spirally contorted corolla tube. A key to the species of Laubertia is also provided.
La Orden del Hospital en España durante la Edad Media: un estado de la cuestión
Authors: Barquero Goñi Carlos
Published: December 2017

Estado de la cuestión sobre la orden de San Juan de Jerusalén y su presencia en la Península Ibérica, haciendo referencias tanto a los lugares que quedan de la orden hospitalaria como a los últimos libros y artículos publicados sobre el tema.
Aproximación a las fuentes para el estudio de la provincia jesuítica de Castilla (ss. XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Arranz Roa Iñigo , Del Ser Pérez Fernando
Published: December 2017

Recopilación de todos los archivos españoles donde se conserva documentación sobre las actividades de la Compañía de Jesús. Este tipo de trabajos sirve de orientación para la realización de nuevas investigaciones sobre los jesuitas en la España de la Edad Moderna.
Santa Teresa y Málaga. Los carmelitas en Málaga
Authors: Burgos Madroñero Manuel
Published: December 2017

Estudio en el que se reflexiona sobre las influencias andaluzas en la figura de Santa Teresa de Jesús, para comprender en toda su dimensión la labor fundacional y sus experiencias religiosas.
La música sacra instrumental de órgano y el gregoriano: Francisco Correa de Arauxo (1584-1654) y la Salve Regina Solemne
Authors: De la Campa Carmona Ramón , Martínez Fernández Abraham , Sampedro Márquez Jesús
Published: December 2017

Este estudio aborda la introducción de la música y las composiciones de órgano en el culto católico en la época de la Contrarreforma, descrito por medio de uno de los músicos españoles más importantes del Barroco, Francisco Correa del Arauxo, sirviéndose del análisis de la Salve Regina del citado compositor.
Caracterización del clero catedralicio cordobés del Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Gómez Navarro Soledad
Published: December 2017

Reflexión sobre las funciones del clero regular de la catedral de Córdoba por medio de escrituras notariales de donación y fundación de los siglos XVII y XVIII.
Algunos apuntes sobre economía monástica femenina. Las peticiones de Merced (1598-1621)
Authors: Pinedo Gómez Eugenia Mª
Published: December 2017

A través de este artículo se pretende añadir algunos rasgos a los estudios parciales, que sobre las órdenes femeninas vienen desarrollándose recientemente. A pesar del gran número de estudios sobre este tema, no existen trabajos de carácter general que resuman lo que fue la vida regular femenina en la Edad Moderna. Este hecho se puede explicar por la disparidad en los modos de vida y por los escasos datos que aparecen en las fuentes, lo que ha dado lugar a la aparición de estudios independientes para cada convento.
Patronato regio y rentas: la negociación de la gracia
Authors: Salas Almela Luis
Published: December 2017

A partir de un epistolario inédito, generado en tomo a la complicada consagración de don Jerónimo Manrique como obispo de Cartagena en 1582, el presente artículo explora algunos aspectos de la gracia real en tanto en cuanto proceso negociado entre diversas partes o polos de interés. Desde este punto de vista, afronta su análisis en función de las expectativas de ascenso de los implicados, y no tanto desde la perspectiva de la libertad graciosa del monarca, limitado por la capacidad variable de oposición de los agraciados o incluso del Papado. La tesis fundamental del artículo es que la concesión del premio en el juego de compensaciones por la lealtad a la Corona es, en sí, capaz de generar actitudes desviadas dentro del sistema, provocando incluso el enfrentamiento entre miembros de un mismo grupo familiar.
La oposición católica al franquismo en Valladolid: la HOAC (1960-1975)
Authors: Berzal de la Rosa Enrique
Published: December 2017

Los movimientos del catolicismo obrero en Castilla no fueron bien aceptados por los políticos franquistas, siendo especialmente vigilados desde la década de 1960, época en la que comienzan a realizarse los primeros movimientos sociales contra el régimen.
Pedro Sainz Rodriguez: un diputado monárquico y católico en las cortes de la Segunda República
Authors: Escribano Hernández Julio
Published: December 2017

Reseña de la actuación política del diputado por Santander, Pedro Sainz Rodríguez en las cortes de la segunda República, incidiendo en su papel de aglutinador del sector derechista durante la legislatura.
Origen y desarrollo de los Cursillos de Cristiandad (1949-1975)
Authors: Matas Pastor Joan Josep
Published: December 2017

Los Cursillo de Cristiandad sufren una evolución durante la época del franquismo que hace que evolucionen desde un movimiento de renovación espiritual ideado por Acción Católica hasta un método válido para cualquier colectivo y asociación católica de cualquier sesgo político y social.
An Improved Timed Communication Buoy System
Authors: Xu Ming , Tian Jiwei , Zhao Wei , Yang Qingxuan , Tian Chuan
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present an improved timed communication buoy system (TCBS). The system had a main float with a new mechanical design and a new electronic control system design, and described several modifications made to the autonomous communication float (ACF)
of the improved TCBS. To evaluate the performance of this improved TCBS, a sea trial was conducted in the South China Sea from February to May 2015. During the sea trial, one of the ACFs was successfully released from the TCBS's main float and transmitted back the data collected by the dual
acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) onboard. The preliminary data analysis for the local current conditions is also presented in this paper.
Family Support During Resuscitation: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Mureau-Haines Rache Marie , Boes-Rossi Mandy , Casperson Susan Christine , Çoruh Basak , Furth Amy M. , Haverland Amy , Herrera Farah , Hirai-Seaton Tracy , Kummet Carol , Ngo Hkori , Shushan Stephanie , Kritek Patricia A. , Greco Sheryl A.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Despite increasing support for family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a review of the literature revealed no published protocols or training curricula to guide hospitals in implementing a family support provider role.

OBJECTIVES

To develop a curriculum and train dedicated resuscitation team members whose role is to provide family support during in-hospital resuscitation events.

METHODS

An interdisciplinary team developed a 4-hour training session for the family support staff. The session included an introduction to the evidence for family presence during resuscitation and local data on resuscitations. The training was composed of 4 sections: (1) clinical aspects of resuscitation, (2) integration into the resuscitation team and steps for providing family support during resuscitation, (3) responding to families in distress, and (4) self-care practices. Before and after the training session, the participants completed surveys of self-rated knowledge and attitudes toward family presence during resuscitation.

RESULTS

Fifty-nine social workers and 8 spiritual care providers were trained in 2015. There was a significant increase in all rated aspects of knowledge of the family support role and self-care strategies.

CONCLUSION

Through the creation of an interdisciplinary curriculum, an institution can effectively train health care providers in a new resuscitation team role: the family support provider.
Deep Coverage Tissue and Cellular Proteomics Revealed IL-1β Can Independently Induce the Secretion of TNF-Associated Proteins from Human Synoviocytes
Authors: Tang Shengquan , Deng Suyuan , Guo Jiahui , Chen Xing , Zhang Wanling , Cui Yizhi , Luo Yanzhang , Yan Ziqi , He Qing-Yu , Shen Shan , Wang Tong
Published: December 2017

Synovitis is a key contributor to the inflammatory environment in osteoarthritis (OA) joints. Currently, the biological therapy of OA is not satisfactory in multiple single-target trials on anti-TNF agents, or IL-1 antagonists. Systems biological understanding of the phosphorylation state in OA synovium is warranted to direct further therapeutic strategies. Therefore, in this study, we compared the human synovial phosphoproteome of the OA with the acute joint fracture subjects. We found that OA synovium had significantly more phosphoproteins, and 82 phosphoproteins could only be specifically found in all the OA samples. Differentially expressed proteins of the OA synovium were focusing on endoplasmic reticulum–/Golgi-associated secretion and negative regulation of cell proliferation, which was verified through an IL-1β–treated human synoviocyte (HS) in vitro model. With data-independent acquisition–based mass spectrometry, we found that IL-1β could induce HS to secrete proteins that were significantly associated with the endosomal/vacuolar pathway, endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi secretion, complement activation, and collagen degradation. Especially, we found that while specifically suppressing HS endocytosis, IL-1β could activate the secretion of 25 TNF-associated proteins, and the change of SERPINE2 and COL3A1 secretion was verified by immunoblotting. In conclusion, our results suggest that OA synovium has a polarized phosphoproteome to inhibit proliferation and maintain active secretion of HS, whereas IL-1β alone can transform HS to produce a synovitis-associated secretome, containing numerous TNF-associated secretory proteins in a TNF-independent mode.
Role of CD44 in Regulating TLR2 Activation of Human Macrophages and Downstream Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Qadri Marwa , Almadani Sara , Jay Gregory D. , Elsaid Khaled A.
Published: December 2017

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade chronic inflammatory joint disease. Innate immunity contributes to OA progression, mediated by TLR2 and TLR4. We evaluated the role of cluster determinant 44 (CD44), a transmembrane glycoprotein, in regulating TLR2-linked macrophage activation and resultant proinflammatory responses. TLR2 stimulation was performed on differentiated THP-1 macrophages in the presence or absence of a CD44-specific Ab or hyaluronan (HA). NF-κB nuclear translocation, IL-1 β and TNF-α gene expression, and protein concentrations were determined. Anti-CD44 Ab and HA treatments reduced NF-κB translocation, IL-1β and TNF-α expression, and production (p < 0.001). Inhibition of proinflammatory response in macrophages by HA was mediated by CD44. Protein phosphatase 2A mediated the reduction in NF-κB translocation by HA. CD44 knockdown reduced NF-κB nuclear translocation and downstream IL-1β and TNF-α protein production following TLR2 receptor stimulation (p < 0.001). CD44+/+ murine bone marrow–derived macrophages produced higher TNF-α compared with CD44−/− macrophages following TLR2 stimulation (p < 0.01). HA dose-dependently inhibited TLR2-induced TNF-α production by murine bone marrow–derived macrophages (p < 0.001). OA synovial fluids (SF) stimulated TLR2 and TLR4 receptors and induced NF-κB translocation in THP-1 macrophages. Anti-CD44 Ab treatment significantly reduced macrophage activation by OA SF (p < 0.01). CD44 regulated TLR2 responses in human macrophages, whereby a reduction in CD44 levels or engagement of CD44 by its ligand (HA) or a CD44-specific Ab reduced NF-κB translocation and downstream proinflammatory cytokine production. A CD44-specific Ab reduced macrophage activation by OA SF, and CD44 is a potentially novel target in OA treatment.
Theo-genetiese kodes van die APEHL, soos afgelei uit Efesiërs 4, beliggaam
Authors: Van der Merwe J. Christo
Published: December 2017

The focus of this article is on the incarnation of Jesus Christ, the Word become flesh, as a way of talking about and understanding mission and addresses at least two concerns in the contemporary debate about the missional church. Many missionary methods and strategies have contradicted both the teaching and actions of Jesus as he trained his disciples to continue his ministry. The message may have been the gospel, but the way the message was made known was often not congruent with the gospel. The attempt to interpret mission in terms of the incarnation of Jesus suggests that the earlier forms of mission strategies should be replaced by a theology and praxis rooted in and defined by the life and ministry of Jesus. Ephesians 4 provides the key to the theology and praxis by giving us a direct link backward into the ministry that infused and led the early church in the life and the ministry of Jesus.
How to understand, evaluate and influence efficient progress in South Africa’s land reform process: A typology from historical lessons from selected sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Mbatha Nhlanhla C.
Published: December 2017

Background: With reports of widespread failures in South Africa’s land reform programmes, the levels of policy uncertainty in the political rhetoric that influences land reform have been increasing. Since 1994 policy targets to transfer land to black farmers have not been met. Of the 2005 target to transfer about 25 million ha of commercial farmland to black farmers by 2014, less than 5 million ha. have been transferred for commercial use. Some studies report failure rates in resettlement projects of up to 90%. To account for the failures, revisions of policies and amendments to legislations have been proposed within a political environment that is becoming increasingly intolerant to slow progress in land transfers and to resettlement failures.Aim: Against this environment, this paper presents a typology for understanding and evaluating important elements of the land reform project in order to influence progress in the process.Setting: The study adopts a historical review of land reform processes in post-colonial Kenya and Zimbabwe in order to identify potential challenges and key lessons for South Africa.Methods: Hence, using institutional and historical analytical lenses in exploring different narratives, the paper reviews reported failures and successes in land reform policy cases from the selected countries. From an institutional framework, prevalent social institutions and key lessons from Kenya, Zimbabwe and South Africa, a typology for evaluating important elements of the land reform process in South Africa is developed and discussed. Additionally, a review of global data collected on average sizes of farms in different regions of the world is provided as evidence to support propositions of what would constitute efficient farmland size ranges for small to medium commercial farms in South Africa.Results and conclusion: A proposition is made on how to use the typology to guide policy and research interventions to reduce failures and promote successful cases in different areas of the land reform process in South Africa, and possibly other similar contexts.
Об асимптотике интеграла типа Бесселя, имеющего приложения в теории набега волн на берег
Authors: Dobrokhotov Sergey Yur'evich , Nazaikinskii Vladimir Evgen'evich
Published: December 2017

Быстроосциллирующие интегралы вида
\begin{equation*}
I(r,h)=\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}e^{\tfrac ih F(r\cos\phi)}G(r\cos\phi) d\phi,
\end{equation*}
где $F(r)$ - вещественная функция с не обращающейся в нуль
производной, возникают при построении асимптотических решений задач
с нестандартными характеристиками, таких как задача Коши с
пространственно локализованными начальными условиями для волнового
уравнения с вырождающейся на границе области скоростью, описывающая
в линейном приближении набег волн цунами на пологий берег.
Вычисление асимптотики этого интеграла при $h\to0$ затрудняется тем
обстоятельством, что стационарные точки фазовой функции
$F(r\cos\phi)$ становятся вырожденными при $r=0$. В работе строится
равномерная по $r$ асимптотика данного интеграла, которая
выражается через функции Бесселя первого рода $\mathbf{J}_0(z)$
и $\mathbf{J}_1(z)$.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Relative Translucency of a Multilayered Ultratranslucent Zirconia Material
Authors: Shamseddine Loubna , Majzoub Zeina
Published: December 2017

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the translucency parameter (TP) of ultratranslucent multilayered (UTML) zirconia according to thickness and layer level.

Materials and methods

Rectangles of UTML zirconia with four layers [dentin layer (DEL), first transitional layer (FTL), second transitional layer (STL), and enamel layer (ENL)] and four different thicknesses (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 mm) were milled from blanks. Digital images were taken in a dark studio against white and black backgrounds under simulated daylight illumination and international commission on illumination (CIE) Lab* color values recorded using Photoshop Creative Cloud software. The TP was computed and compared according to thickness and layer level using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

In each thickness, TP values were similar between any two layers. The significant effect of thickness on the TP was observed only in the first two layers. In the DEL, translucency was significantly greater at 0.4 mm than all other thicknesses. In the FTL, differences were significant between 0.4 and 0.8 mm and between 0.4 and 1 mm.

Conclusion

The investigated zirconia does not seem to show gradational changes in relative translucency from dentin to enamel levels regardless of the thickness used. Thickness affected the TP only in the first two layers with better translucency at 0.4 mm.

Clinical significance

Since relative translucency does not seem to be significantly different between layers, clinicians can modify the apicocoronal positioning of the UTML layers within the restoration according to the desired Chroma without any implications on the clinically perceived translucency. While the thickness of 0.4 mm may be suggested for anterior esthetic veneers because of its higher translucency, the other thicknesses of 0.6 to 1 mm can be used to mask colored abutments in full contour restorations.

How to cite this article

Shamseddine L, Majzoub Z. Relative Translucency of a Multilayered Ultratranslucent Zirconia Material. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1099-1106.
Impact of Mouthwashes on Antibacterial Activity of Subjects with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nishad A , Sreesan NS , Joy Joseph , Lakshmanan Lakshmi , Thomas Joyce , Anjali VA
Published: December 2017

Aim

The study aimed to assess the impact of mouthwashes on antibacterial activity of individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances.

Materials and methods

A total of 60 individuals were considered in the study. Sixty (20 each group) nonextraction class I individuals were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Group I: Experimental group [chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash], group II: Experimental group (neem mouthwash), group III: Control group (distilled water). All the clinical examinations were done at baseline and 30th day respectively, after the start of orthodontic treatment. The mean differences between the different experimental groups were calculated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.

Results

There was no statistical significance at baseline mean plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) scores, and Streptococcus mutans (SM) colony count between groups. The PI and GI scores among CHX and neem mouthwash groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.032 respectively) were significantly reduced after intervention and also the SM colonies count was reduced in CHX and neem mouthwash groups and there was significant difference between the groups.

Conclusion

As both mouthwashes showed significant effectiveness on antibacterial activity in individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances, neem mouthwash can be used as an alternative to CHX.

Clinical significance

It is better to have a sound knowledge regarding the use of mouthwash in long term as fixed orthodontics are associated with accumulation of SM, enamel demineralization, and an increased number of carious lesions, predominantly in sites adjacent to bracket.

How to cite this article

Nishad A, Sreesan NS, Joy J, Lakshmanan L, Thomas J, Anjali VA. Impact of Mouthwashes on Antibacterial Activity of Subjects with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1112-1116.
Assessment of Marginal Adaptation and Sealing Ability of Root Canal Sealers: An in vitro Study
Authors: Remy Vimal , Krishnan Vineesh , Job Tisson V , Ravisankar Madhavankutty S , Raj CV Renjith , John Seena
Published: December 2017

Aim

This study aims to compare the marginal adaptation and sealing ability [mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-Fillapex, AH Plus, Endofill sealers] of root canal sealers.

Materials and methods

In the present study, the inclusion criteria include 45 single-rooted extracted mandibular premolar teeth, with single canal and complete root formation. The sectioning of the samples was done at the cementoenamel junction using a low-speed diamond disc. Step-back technique was used to prepare root canals manually. The MTA-Fillapex, AH Plus, and Endofill sealers were the three experimental sealer groups to which 45 teeth were distributed. Under scanning electron microscope (SEM), marginal gap at sealer and root dentin interface were examined at coronal and apical halves of root canal.

Results

Among the three maximum marginal adaptations were seen with AH Plus sealer (4.10 ± 0.10) which is followed by Endofill sealer (1.44 ± 0.18) and MTA-Fillapex sealer (0.80 ± 0.22). Between the coronal and apical marginal adaptation, significant statistical difference (p = 0.001) was seen in AH Plus sealer. When a Mann–Whitney U-test was done on MTA-Fillapex sealer vs AH Plus sealer and AH Plus sealer vs Endofill sealer, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) found between the above two groups at coronal and apical third.

Conclusion

The present study proves that AH Plus sealer has a better marginal adaptation when compared with other sealers used.

Clinical significance

For sealing space of crown wall and main cone in root canal treatment, sealers play an important role. The other advantages of sealers are that they are used to fill voids and irregularities in root channel, secondary, lateral channels, and space between applied gutta-percha cones and also act as tripper during filling.

How to cite this article

Remy V, Krishnan V, Job TV, Ravisankar MS, Raj CVR, John S. Assessment of Marginal Adaptation and Sealing Ability of Root Canal Sealers: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1130-1134.
General Dental Practitioners as Potential Responders to Disaster Scenario in a Highly Disaster-prone Area: An Explorative Study
Authors: Rajesh Gururaghavendran , Binnal Almas , Pai Mithun BH , Nayak Vijayendranath , Rao Ashwini
Published: December 2017

Aim

The aim of this study is to obtain insights pertaining to disaster management among Indian general dental practitioners (GDPs).

Materials and methods

All GDPs in Mangaluru city, Karnataka, India, were included in the present study. Their willingness to participate in disaster management and their objective knowledge, attitude, behavior, and perceived effectiveness related to disaster management were assessed by a structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Demographic information was also collected.

Results

Overall, 101 GDPs volunteered for the study, and 96.04% of respondents were willing to participate in disaster management. Mean knowledge, attitude, behavior, and perceived effectiveness scores were 52.65, 79.60, 41.55, and 64.20% respectively. Religion (odds ratio [OR] = –0.194, p = 0.022), marital status (OR = –0.222, p = 0.040), attachment to college (OR = –0.256, p = 0.037), familiarity with standard operating procedures (SOP; OR = –0.502, p = 0.000), and knowledge (OR = 0.265, p = 0.003) were significant predictors of behavior.

Conclusion

The GDPs reported knowledge and behavior scores which were low, while their attitude and willingness to participate were high. Demographic determinants might be critical indicators in disaster management scenario among GDPs.

Clinical significance

The present study has crucial implications for policymakers and curriculum changes to integrate dentists effectively into disaster response teams. As responsible members of the society, the dental fraternity has critical contributions to make toward disaster mitigation. Integration of GDPs in a multidisciplinary team managing disasters might be crucial, especially in highly disaster-prone areas, such as India, with a definite paucity of resources.

How to cite this article

Rajesh G, Binnal A, Pai MBH, Nayak V, Shenoy R, Rao A. General Dental Practitioners as Potential Responders to Disaster Scenario in a Highly Disasterprone Area: An Explorative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1144-1152.
Impact of Educational Intervention for Hand Hygiene on Dental Students’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Bacterial Contamination Level on Hands
Authors: Lingawi Hanadi , Maher Yahia , Afifi Ibtesam
Published: December 2017

Aim

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the educational intervention for hand hygiene (HH) on knowledge, attitude, and mean colony-forming bacterial counts and type of bacteria on hands of undergraduate dental students.

Materials and methods

A total of 86 dental students from different clinical grades were included in the study. They were divided into two groups, group I (55 students) received onetime educational session for HH at the start of the academic year and group II (31 students) received an extra reenforcement session 6 months later. After 2 weeks of reenforcement session, a self-administrated questionnaire was directed to all participants assessing their knowledge and attitude about HH. Fingertip prints of the five fingers of the dominant hand from every participant were pressed onto blood agar plates in triplets at the same clinical session, before and after HH. Bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) on each plate were recorded and identified microbiologically.

Results

The overall scores of knowledge and attitude showed higher levels in group II than in group I with nonsignificant differences between both groups as regards knowledge and significant differences (p < 0.05) as regards attitude. Mean CFUs showed extremely significant differences (p ≤ 0.000) between 2nd and 3rd counts and between 1st and 2nd counts except for students of group I where the difference was only significant (p ≤ 0.05). Normal bacterial flora was identified in 94.9% of the plates (92.2% coagulase-negative Staphylococci and 2.7% Micrococcus). Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from the other plates were Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas spp., and spore-forming aerobic nonhemolytic Bacilli.

Conclusion

Reenforcement session had a positive impact on HH knowledge, attitude, and reduction of bacterial CFUs.

Clinical significance

Continuous education with frequent training sessions is recommended to reinforce HH compliance and reduce cross-contamination.

How to cite this article

Lingawi H, Maher Y, Afifi I. Impact of Educational Intervention for Hand Hygiene on Dental Students’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Bacterial Contamination Level on Hands. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1164-1172.
Estado Funcional De Los Pacientes Con Trauma Craneo Encefalico Criticamente Enfermos
Authors: Botache Wilmer F , Sanjuan Juan , Rubio Maria Alejandra , Lozano Abner , Ruiz Jaime , Rubio Juan J
Published: December 2017

Antecedentes

El trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) continúa siendo la principal causa de morbimortalidad entre pacientes con trauma, la discapacidad y el compromiso cognitivo corresponde a la principal afectación configurando pronóstico a largo plazo.

Materiales y Métodos

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo tipo cohortes/casos y controles donde se incluyeron los pacientes con TCE severo (Escala Coma de Glasgow <8 y/o TAC anormal) que ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos Adultos durante 6 meses; se buscó determinar los desenlaces relacionados con el TCE en términos de mortalidad y discapacidad.

Resultados

Se encontraron 32 pacientes, más del 90% hombres, la mayoría con estabilidad hemodinámica al ingreso, se practicó neurocirugía en el 40% de los pacientes, aunque todos tenían indicación de monitoria de presión intracraneana solo se realizó en el 6% de los pacientes. El puntaje en la escala de desenlaces de Glasgow presento una mediana de 3 (RIC = 225 puntos). Se clasifico la severidad de la discapacidad en buena recuperacion 9,3%, discapacidad moderada 31,25%, discapacidad severa-muerte hasta en un 25%. Se determino que que un puntaje en la ECG se relacionaba con un GOS mas bajo; la neumonía aspirativa fue la principal complicación extracraneal, la mortalidad global correspondió a un 34.4%.

Conclusión

El TCE continua afectando de manera especial a las poblaciones jóvenes, con una alta incidencia de consecuencias discapacitantes y alta mortalidad, los centros de trauma deben implementar protocolos mas estrictos para promover la prevención y reforzar la aplicación de recomendaciones mundiales para mejores resultados en términos supervivencia y calidad de vida.

Significancia clinica

El trauma craneoencefálico, continua configurándose como la principal causa de morbimortalidad y discapacidad en adultos jovenes, con esta investigación se busca conocer y describir los datos epidemiológicos relevantes con respecto al desenlace de dicho trauma, conocimiento que es clave en el proceso de enseñanza buscando ofrecer mejores y mas efectivos abordajes en el momento de verse enfrentado a un trauma craneoencefálico.
Evaluación de la Nueva Definición de Politrauma en una Cohorte de Pacientes de 10 Hospitales Argentinos
Authors: Ginzburg Enrique , Maciá Emilio , Barbaro Cristian , Ortiz Claudio , Monteverde Ezequiel
Published: December 2017

Introducción

La definición de Berlin de politrauma (2014) combina la severidad lesional con al menos uno de cinco complementos (edad, TAS, GCS, KPTT o EB).

Hasta ahora hay insuficiente información sobre cómo afecta esta nueva definición la identificación de los grupos con mayor mortalidad.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la performance de esta definición comparándola con otras mediciones.

Materiales y Métodos

Análisis retrospectivo observacional de ingresos prospectivos al Registro de Trauma de Fundación Trauma en 10 hospitales entre 2010-2016. Los criterios de inclusión fueron edad > 15 años y tener información completa para el cálculo de los índices. Los pacientes se compararon según las definiciones de politrauma (PT), trauma múltiple (Tmult), trauma mayor por ISS (TM_ISS) y trauma mayor por NISS (TM_NISS). Se analizaron medidas de performance.

Resultados

Se analizaron 259 hechos con PT, 802 con Tmult, 1349 con TM_ISS y 2143 con TM_NISS. El grupo PT resultó heterogéneo, con una mortalidad entre 44% y 71% según diferentes combinaciones de complementos. El 75% tuvo lesiones por transporte y el 76% tuvo al menos una lesión encefálica AIS > 2. El desenlace estuvo relacionado con el estado al ingreso, por impacto fisiológico (RTS) y por severidad lesional (ISS-NISS). La relación O/E para sobrevida por TRISS fue 0.73.

La comparación con las otras definiciones mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en mortalidad pero no en ISS, NISS ni RTS. La evaluación de performance mostró que TM_NISS tuvo la mayor sensibilidad y el mayor VPN, mientras que PT tuvo el mayor VPP. Como medida global, TM_ISS tuvo una precisión superior al resto (89%) y una especificidad de 97%.

Conclusiones

La definición de PT para identificación de pacientes con mayor riesgo de muerte no mostró ser superior a otras definiciones de uso corriente. Consideramos que la definición de PT necesita ser validada en estudios multicéntricos antes de recomendarse como un nuevo standard.

How to cite this article

Monteverde E, Bosque L, Lartigue B, Maciá E, Barbaro C, Ortiz C, Ginzburg E, Neira J. Evaluación de la Nueva Definición de Politrauma en una Cohorte de Pacientes de 10 Hospitales Argentinos. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(3):182-189.
Lesión Vascular de Cuello en Paciente Pediátrico Secundario a Mordedura de Perro. Reporte de Caso
Authors: Soto Araceli P , Huizar Jose AR , Rosas Allan IH , Vazquez Arturo H , Leon Oscar HG de
Published: December 2017

RESÚMEN

Uno de los primeros casos reportados de traumatismo cervical fue en La Ilíada, de Homero, cuando Aquiles dio un golpe mortal con una lanza al cuello de Héctor, donde, la clavícula se marca como el límite entre el cuello y el tórax.

Los traumatismos en general constituyen la causa principal de muerte en los primeros cuatro decenios de la vida en la ciudad de México; el trauma de cuello representa del 5—10% de todos los traumatismos y de éstos 20% asociado a mortalidad cuando se trata de lesiones penetrantes.

Desde tiempo inmemorial el hombre se ha relacionado con los animales y en esta convivencia se podrían distinguir diferentes motivaciones, desde afectivas y de diversión, hasta de seguridad. En cualquiera de ellas pueden surgir alteraciones en la convivencia constituyendo accidentes específicos, como son las mordeduras.

La edad del agredido se estima en una mayor proporción entre niños de los que el 50% de los afectados son menores de 14 años (1—4 y 5—9 años). Parece claro que cuanto menor es la talla de la víctima, la localización es más frecuente en el cuello, cabeza y cara en cuyo caso debe investigarse la posible asociación de fracturas craneofaciales (aparecen en el 25% de los casos) y hemorragias intracraneales (12%).

Las indicaciones para intervención quirúrgica inmediata por lesión cervical penetrante incluyen inestabilidad hemodinámica o hemorragia externa significativa.

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 6 años de edad, la cual fue atacada por perro de familiar, causando lesiones múltiples, en cuello, cara, extremidades y tórax, siendo las primeras las que condicionaron un choque hipovolémico secundario a lesiones de las venas yugulares externa e interna, que se repararon mediante exploración vascular.

Las comunidades, y especialmente los niños, por medio de una cultura de educación para la convivencia con animales, deben conocer los riesgos de las mordeduras de perro y la forma de prevenirlas: por ejemplo, no acercarse a los perros callejeros y nunca dejar a un niño sin supervisión cerca de un perro.

La convivencia con nuestros compañeros de vida, los perros, se debe habituar a una forma en que ambos seres vivan y convivan en un ambiente sano, y siempre tomando con prudencia e inteligencia las palabras dichas por José Saramago: un perro es un seguro de vida, un rastreador de rumbos, una brújula con cuatro patas.

How to cite this article

Soto AP, Huizar JAR, Rosas AIH, Vazquez AH, de Leon OHG. Lesión Vascular de Cuello en Paciente Pediátrico Secundario a Mordedura de Perro. Reporte de Caso. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(3):214-218.