bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape adjustment of "FAST" active reflector
Authors: Zhu Yuanchao , Zhang Dazhao , Lai Yanlin , Yan Huabiao
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In this paper, the relevant working principle of "FAST" Chinese Eye is studied, and a mathematical model is established to solve the equation of the ideal paraboloid. The ideal paraboloid model is obtained by rotating the paraboloid around the axis in the two-dimensional plane. On this basis, the specific solutions of each question are discussed, and the parabolic equation, the receiving ratio of the feed cabin to the reflected signal, the numbering information and coordinates of the main cable node and other parameters are obtained. This paper for solving directly above the benchmark of spherical observation of celestial bodies when ideal parabolic equation, according to the geometrical optics to knowledge should be clear all the signals of the incoming signal after the ideal parabolic will converge to the focal point of basic rules, then through converting ideal parabolic model of ideal parabolic equation in a two-dimensional plane, An optimization model was established to minimize the absolute value of the difference between the arc length and the arc length of the parabola in the diameter of 300 meters. The known conditions were substituted into Matlab to solve the equation of the ideal parabola by rotating the parabola around the axis: . In order to determine the ideal paraboloid of the celestial body, a new spatial cartesian coordinate system is first established with the line direction between the celestial body and the spherical center as the axis, so that the observed object is located directly above the new coordinate system. The same model in question 1 is established to obtain the vertex coordinates of the ideal paraboloid at this time. Then the vertex coordinates are converted to the coordinates in the original space cartesian coordinate system by rotation transformation between space cartesian coordinate systems. The solution of its vertex coordinates (-49.5287, -37.0203, -294.1763).
Underwater fish image enhancement method based on color correction
Authors: Wang Xiujuan , Mao Liang , Wang Ji
Published: June 2022

Due to the absorption and scattering of light propagation underwater, the captured underwater images often have problems such as color bias, low contrast and poor clarity, resulting in low accuracy of underwater fish identification. To address this problem, this paper proposes an underwater fish image enhancement method based on color correction to enhance the acquired fish images and improve the accuracy of fish target recognition. Firstly, color correction is achieved by stretching the L component and changing the a and b components of the CIE-Lab color space to improve image sharpness. Then the colors of the R-G-B channels of the image are equalized to reduce the color bias. Finally, the histograms of the three R-G-B channels are redistributed. Comparison experiments were conducted with existing methods on a self-built fish image dataset, and the enhanced images were analyzed from both subjective and objective evaluations. The results showed that the enhancement effect of the method in this paper is better than other methods. Finally, the comparison experiments of target recognition before and after image enhancement were conducted on YOLOv5, and the results showed that the enhanced image target recognition accuracy was 99.8%, which was 1.2 percentage points higher than that before enhancement; the average accuracy mAP was 94.5%, which was 5.6 percentage points higher than that before image enhancement. The method in this paper can effectively improve the problems of underwater images and provide technical support for underwater target recognition.
Vaccine production optimization model based on Monte Carlo algorithm
Authors: Yang Leilei , Yang Lihong
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 is ravaging the world. Due to the large scale of vaccine production, the production of vaccines with good quality and quantity is the key to epidemic prevention and control. The problem of vaccine production planning is essentially the same as the problem of assembly line production. Based on the production sequence of a company's vaccine, this paper conducted a normal test on the test data by USING SPSS software and found that it obeys the normal distribution. The shortest processing time and production sequence were obtained by using LINGO software. By using LINGO software, it was found that the processing time was the shortest, 184.778 minutes, in the order of YM4 -- YM5 -- YM10 -- YM7 -- YM8 -- YM1 -- YM2 -- YM3 -- YM9 -- YM6. Based on the above conclusion, monte Carlo experiment was conducted with MATLAB software to find out the maximum probability corresponding to 95% of the production time in the problem, and the result was 1.324%. To mean the lower limit of the 90% confidence interval of each flight reservation production time for each type of vaccine, ignore the machine production of waiting time and each vaccine production after the influence on other types of vaccine production, statistics each vaccine needed to consume the longest flight reservation, the total elapsed time, again will each vaccine consume the longest flight reservation of accumulative sum total production time, The number of production days is 186.189 days under the premise that the reliability is 90%.
Blind Digital Watermark Based on Discrete Fourier Transformation
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan
Published: June 2022

The policy and security of digital images are concerned by all artists. Embedding blind digital watermarks to images is an effective solution to such problem. The existing blind digital watermark techniques for images are usually based on the spatial domain method, such as some build-in tools in some software like Photoshop. Those methods' imperceptibility is good, but the robustness is dissatisfactory. Therefore, blind digital watermark based on the frequency domain is becoming popular nowadays. The use of the frequency domain-based techniques can not only keep the imperceptibility but also ensure good robustness and non-removability. According to the reasons mentioned above, this thesis presents a frequency domain-based blind digital watermark technique. This method uses basic discrete Fourier transformation to transform an image to the frequency domain and then embeds a digital watermark. To increase the security, we also introduce some methods to encode watermarks before embedding them to the images. We conduct some experiments by applying the technique to some images with different watermarks. In the experiments, it can embed blind watermarks with the least effect on the quality of the original image and can also successfully extract watermarks from the watermarked image. The results show this technique is highly useable. We also conduct some experiments to simulate the attacks. This technique also shows great robustness after many kinds of different attacking methods.
Implementation of Rate-Compatible QC-LDPC Encoder Based on FPGA
Authors: Yuan Ruijia , Xie Tianjiao , Zhang Jianhua
Published: June 2022

A rate-compatible LDPC encoder based on quasi-cyclic generation matrix is proposed. The encoder partitions and controls access to the ROM address, so it can be compatible with a variety of LDPC codes to generate matrix cyclic shift vectors. By adding routing options in the register cyclic shift circuit, it is compatible with matrix blocks of different sizes. Due to the adjustment of the initial shift count and the truncation of the check bit output, the virtual filling and shortening of the LDPC code is realized, which further expands the code length and code rate of the encoder. An LDPC encoder compatible with 4 code rates is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex5 xc5vfx130t FPGA, Compared with the existing design, this encoder requires only slightly more hardware resources than a single encoder to achieve the same data throughput. Compared with implementing all four different encoders, more than 40% of the hardware resources can be saved.
Study of Water and Soil Pollution Status of Eastern and Western Coastal Zone to identify one Mangrove species as biomarker for high salinity and heavy metals
Authors: Chakrabarti S. , Ghosh Arunina
Published: June 2022

World’s richest productive ecosystem is the coastal zone. Its richness attracted high human population growth in coastal areas resulting in deforestation for establishment of industries, tourism, port and disposal ground of waste. In the East Coastal Zone 9 rivers, including Gang-Hooghly river system fall into Bay of Bengal adding about 21, 660 m3/day of waste and 21.0152 MT/day of solid waste which finally goes to Sunderban area polluting marine water, soil and plant population. Similarly, in the Western Coastal Zone, 11 major ports and about 10,000 ships per year continuously polluting water, soil and flora and fauna. The water, soil status of Eastern and Western zone from different identified location indicated high salinity C.O.D., B.O.D., pH. For those area, the mangrove, Avicennia officianalis is identified as bio-marker and hyper heavy metal accumulator for salinity and heavy metals.
Prevalence Of Psychosocial Issues Among Internally Displaced Children by Military Wars in District Khyber
Authors: Zeb Alam , Rehman Misbah , Rafique Maria
Published: June 2022

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are those who have been forced to leave their homes to avoid the impacts of armed war, violence, and other forms of violence. Human rights violations or natural or man-made calamities have occurred, but they have not passed an internationally recognized state border. Objective: To identify the psychosocial effects created by military wars on the internally displaced children of District Khyber, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Methods: For this purpose, 300 children were selected randomly, out of which 150 were males and 150 were females. These 300 children belonged to the middle and the secondary school of the same District and were internally displaced because of military wars. Data was collected using PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) questionnaire and demographic information sheet and responses were recorded and analyzed using a SPSS version 24 software. Results: The p-value of less than 0.001 indicated that children belonging to year 2002 were victimized of war the most and had severe psychosocial effects. The factors such as loss of housing, family, finances, employment and the lack of accessibility to health care services had direct correlation with the increase in psychosocial impacts. Conclusion: It is concluded that females and children of middle and secondary schools were most affected
A szlovén "mézdiplomácia" értékelése
Authors: Sashalmi Ádám
Published: June 2022

A tanulmány Szlovénia méhek és egyéb beporzók védelmével kapcsolatos kezdeményezései mögötti külpolitikai stratégiát elemzi. A tanulmány a külpolitikai elemzés és a környezetvédelem releváns szakirodalmát felhasználja, továbbá elemzi a kapcsolódó megjelenéseket, közleményeket és statisztikai adatokat is. Az eredmények szerint Szlovénia külpolitikájára a bemutatott példák alapján a kisállamok stratégiája jellemző, mint a specializáció vagy priorizáció, az imázsépítés és a koalícióépítés. Szlovénia szintén sikeresen használja ki tagságából fakadó lehetőségeit a nemzetközi szervezetekben, mint az Európai Unió vagy az Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezete. A kezdeményezések esetében olyan tényezők is jelentős szerepet játszanak, amelyek az ökoszisztéma védelmét és az élelmezésbiztonságot szolgálják. A széleskörben elfogadott, pozitív téma és a kapcsolódás Szlovénia földrajzi és tradicionális jellemzőihez szintén hozzájárulnak a stratégia sikeréhez. A Szlovén Méhészeti Egyesület szerint az országban már vannak társadalmi, gazdasági és környezeti hatásai a kezdeményezéseknek, például a nagyobb érdeklődés a méhek, a környezet és a környezetbarát termékek iránt.
The pitfalls of border procedures
Authors: Heijer Maarten den
Published: June 2022

The New Pact on Migration and Asylum proposes to make border procedures a central and mandatory feature of the common asylum and return policy. In the Commission’s view, border procedures are essential both to reduce irregular secondary migration within the EU and to increase the very poor return rate of migrants refused entry at the external border. The Pact forms a clear break with the existing asylum acquis, wherein border procedures are exceptional and facultative. This article appraises the Commission’s proposals on the basis of current border procedures in EU Member States. It is shown that the Commission’s proposals only fleetingly engage with legal and practical deficiencies that systematically surface in border procedures in the spheres of detention, reception conditions, and access to legal remedies. The article also submits that the positive potential of border procedures can only be unlocked if cooperation between Member States (solidarity) and with third countries (return) is significantly improved. The benefits of border procedures are fraught with contingencies, while encroachments on individual rights and administrative burdens are considerable.
The transparency of EU agency science: Towards a new proactive approach
Authors: Hickey Eógan , Weimer Maria
Published: June 2022

Recent health and environmental crises have emphasized the importance of transparency of agency science, i.e. the scientific information that underpins public regulation. Yet how EU law shapes the transparency of EU agency science and whether it contributes to publicly holding experts to account for the quality of their advice, remains an open question. This article analyses the transparency regimes of three EU agencies.We show that the EU legal approach to transparency of agency science is undergoing significant change, through legislative reform and agency practice. The traditional “passive” approach based on the Access Regulation is fragmented and reveals several shortcomings. Recent trends, such as the 2021 reform of the General Food Law, indicate that the EU is moving towards “proactive transparency”, which improves expert accountability. Our study contributes to debates on EU risk regulation and the general reform of the Access Regulation. The article offers an interdisciplinary perspective informed by political epistemology, namely the study of the role of experts in public decision-making.
Forum: Order in Skellefteå Industrihus AB: A Reversal of the INZO, Ghent Coal Terminal and Breitsohl Jurisprudence?
Authors: Lamensch Marie
Published: June 2022

The Order issued by the Court of Justice of the European Union on 18 May 2021 in Skellefteå Industrihus AB may have escaped the attention of most VAT scholars and practitioners. In my opinion, however, it is either based on a wrong interpretation of the Court’s case law in the ITH and Stichting Schoonzicht cases, or constitutes nothing less than a reversal of the CJEU landmark INZO and Breitsohl decisions.

VAT, right to deduct, principle of neutrality, aborted transactions, change of use, adjustments, immovable property
Linking Emissions Trading Schemes: Assessing the Potential for EU-South Korea Linkage
Authors: Kelly Gerard
Published: June 2022

Emissions trading schemes (ETSs) have emerged as stable components of a fragmented climate governance landscape. Yet the proliferation of ETSs raises critical questions concerning their design, the development of conflicting norms, and how such schemes might link. This Article engages with these concerns by advancing a linkage framework based on a series of core convergence criteria which are considered necessary to assess the compatibility of candidate partner schemes. For the EU, the search for a candidate linkage partner has seemed a Sisyphean undertaking, but it is suggested that South Korea offers the prospect of stable climate settings. The critical design features of South Korea’s Emissions Trading Scheme (KETS) are evaluated before applying core convergence criteria to evaluate compatibility. This Article identifies a degree of alignment between the design features of the EU’s flagship Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the KETS, but also uncovers divergences where detailed negotiation will prove necessary.

European Union emissions trading scheme, Korea emissions trading scheme, linkage, climate governance
Google v. CNIL: A Commentary on the Territorial Scope of the Right to Be Forgotten
Authors: Pander Maat Eva
Published: June 2022

This case note reflects on the question of the territorial scope of the right to be forgotten (RTBF). This question was addressed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the recent Google v. Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (CNIL) case, in which the French Data Protection Authority (DPA) sought to establish the obligation for internet search engines (ISEs) to delist search results in all versions of their search engine. In its September 2019 judgment, the Court did not grant CNIL’s request. However, although EU law does not currently oblige ISEs to delist search results from all versions of their search engine, the Court crucially emphasized that DPAs remain competent to order global delisting. Accordingly, the territorial scope of the RTBF is in principle regional, but may on a case-by-case basis also be national or global where the exercise of balancing fundamental rights so requires. Like the internet, the territorial scope of the RTBF thus appears to be fluid. This case note discusses the Google v. CNIL case from two angles. First, the RTBF entails the exercise of balancing fundamental rights between the right to privacy and the freedom of expression. The RTBF is thereby exemplary of the EU’s privacy-oriented data protection laws, which diverge from more expression-oriented data protection laws outside of the EU. This divergence is concerning for the normative foundation and the feasibility of a global RTBF. Second, the RTBF places a private enforcement obligation upon ISEs, which raises rule of law concerns. Although a global scope is assumed to increase the effectiveness of the RTBF, it would similarly incur an amplification of the existing challenges with its enforcement. This case note establishes that the judgment in the Google v. CNIL case, more so than the January 2019 opinion by Advocate- General Szpunar, actively engages with this complex legal environment and the arguments raised. Notwithstanding this, the disparity between the argumentation of the Court and the AG and the questions left open in the judgment reveal that the territorial scope of the RTBF will remain a contentious topic for many years to come.
German Electronic Securities Act
Authors: Omlor Sebastian , Dilek Derwis
Published: June 2022

On 10 June 2021, the Electronic Securities Act came into force in Germany, with which a great leap towards the modernization and dematerialization of German securities law was made. For the first time in Germany, the issue of securities in electronic form is possible without the need for a tangible securities certificate. With the emergence of two new types of (electronic) securities, new features were added to German (securities) law, which raise substantial questions, for instance, about the legal nature, issuance, and transference of electronic securities. By enabling electronic securities registers, the act also invites new actors into the ecosystem of the German financial market and modifies the role of already existing actors. As these registers can be based on distributed ledger technology (DLT), Germany has opened up to innovative technologies. Germany’s embrace of modern technology brings its securities law to the cutting edge (forefront) of the discipline and may create new opportunities for market participants but also pose new challenges for them as well as the regulator and supervisory authorities. The article addresses some of these issues and provides an overview of the legal framework for electronic securities.

distributed ledger technology, electronic securities, Electronic Securities Act (Germany)
Brexit and Systemic Risks: Should We Worry?
Authors: Domina Mariia
Published: June 2022

It’s been two years since the formal exit of the UK from the EU, better known as ‘Brexit’. Given different transition arrangements put in place, it’s safe to say that the global financial markets are just starting to face the full effects of Brexit on their operations. The aim of this article is to analyse whether Brexit may lead to systemic risks in financial markets.

Brexit, financial markets
A Matter of Time. Digital-Financial Consumers’ Vulnerability in the Retail Payments Market
Authors: Paglietti Mari Cecilia , Rabitti Maddalena
Published: June 2022

This Article aims to conceptualize the figure of the digital-financial payment consumer, which combines two separate -and ex se relevant- sources of vulnerability: digital vulnerability and financial vulnerability.

The first part, -after summarizing the legal framework on digitizing payment, the social context and the policy lines- deals with the need of applying the concept of “neutrality of regulation” to avoid possible conflicts of rules between interconnected ecosystems, such as digital payments, digital platforms and blockchain. Having consumer protection in mind, it also addresses the cumulative and coherent application of different sets of rules.

The second part looks in more detail at digital-financial consumer vulnerability, describing the possible implications at regulatory level and the consequences that this new kind of vulnerability brings at the level of political choices, the obligations of financial players and the conduct of a consumer who is part of a payment service contract, adopting both the point of view of public law (in terms of policy choices) and private law (intersubjective relations).

The article concludes that, among the different sources of vulnerability, age appears to be the key issue when assessing the vulnerability of digital payment consumers. Once detected, this new kind of vulnerability is specifically relevant to the banks’s disclosure obligations (which should be synthetic and selective), and in terms of product design and product governance (companies should “tailor” their products specifically to the group’s customer profile they intend to reach). On the consumer side, the same behaviour should be assessed differently depending on the specific vulnerability of the consumer involved. The paper deals here with the level of gross negligence in case of unauthorized digital payment (phishing).

Instant digital payments, digital platforms, blockchain, fraud, liability, consumer protection, speed, security, loss allocation, vulnerability, financial vulnerability, digital vulnerability, financial inclusion, grey digital divide
Import Operations into the European Union Require Established Operators (Or Identification of an Indirect Customs Representative)
Authors: Fruscione Alessandro
Published: June 2022

Circular no. 40 of 2021 of the Italian Customs Agency is important, as it addresses a significant problem for non-established economic operators who must carry out import operations into a Member State of the European Union, as it emphasizes the need to have a VAT (Value Added Tax) number and a tax representative who fulfils the formalities connected with the payment of the duties; from the customs point of view, this person is regarded as the importer and therefore able to provide all the information required for the procedure of release for free circulation and will be identified through the EORI (acronym for Economic Operator Registration and Identification) code that will be assigned to them by the customs authority at the time of the first relevant transaction. However, operators not established in the Union territory will be required, in order to be able to submit a customs declaration (in the specific case, of release for free circulation), to assign a mandate without representation to an established subject, in order for the latter to carry out this fulfilment, remaining jointly and severally obliged with its principal for the obligation deriving from the presentation of the declaration for the release for free circulation regime.

Importer, non-established, mandate, representation, declaration, person, territory, obligations, duties
Empirical Analysis of National Courts Vacatur and Enforcement of International Commercial Arbitration Awards
Authors: Alford Roger P. , Baltag Crina , E.K. Hall Matthew , Sasson Monique
Published: June 2022

The empirical research in this article relies on a data set including all national court decisions on recognition, enforcement and setting aside (vacatur) of international commercial arbitration awards available in the Kluwer database that were rendered from 1 January 2010 to 1 June 2020.Within the time parameters of this study, there were 504 vacatur actions and 553 offensive recognition and enforcement actions. Those decisions were rendered by national courts in 74 different jurisdictions. The research coded every argument raised by defendants challenging the recognition and enforcement of awards based on grounds set forth in Article V of the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, as well as every argument raised by claimants to challenge awards based on the grounds set forth in Article 34 of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. In addition to these grounds, several others, outside the two instruments mentioned above, have been identified in the data set. The results of the research are presented in the article below. An overarching conclusion would be that courts overwhelmingly enforce foreign arbitration awards, in 73% of the cases in the data set, without significant variations between courts in various jurisdictions, and, respectively, overwhelmingly refuse to vacate arbitral awards, with courts vacating in only 23% of cases, again without significant variations between courts in various jurisdictions.

arbitral award, national court, set aside, vacatur, recognition and enforcement, public policy, UNCITRAL, New York Convention, due process, arbitrationRoger
Article V(1)(e) of the New York Convention: To Enforce orNot to Enforce Set Aside Arbitral Awards?
Authors: Baltag Crina
Published: June 2022

The recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards which are set aside at the seat continues to be a ‘hot’ topic, triggered by the increasing number of cases in which the prevailing party in the arbitration attempts to enforce such award in various jurisdictions where the assets of the award debtor are located. Such jurisdictions may have different approaches to the application of Article V(1)(e) of theNew York Convention providing for the possibility that courts refuse recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards already set aside. Kluwer Research confirms, that, first, this ground under Article V(1)(e), while the most successfully argued ground under Article V of the New York Convention, is only upheld in 34% of the cases, and that, second, there are diverse approaches of the national courts in assessing such ground, ranging from deference to the courts of the seat of arbitration, to a truly delocalized, transnational approach to the recognition and enforcement of awards.

set aside, recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, arbitral awards, local standard annulment, international standard annulment, annulment, seat of arbitration, arbitration
Article: Uganda’s Tax System: Key Challenges and Prospects for Improvement
Authors: Bachmann Carmen , Gebhardt Johannes , Kayongo Patrick Sunday
Published: June 2022

Most studies on tax research have focused on the developed countries, and those on developing countries concentrate on subjects of general application. As a result, research on many aspects of tax applicable to low-income countries (LICs) has been neglected. By presenting an in-depth analysis of Uganda’s tax system, this study seeks to address this gap. The authors analysed panel data spanning over seventeen years to identify the key system gaps. The findings revealed that Uganda’s tax system conforms to the generally accepted international standards, and its economic performance during the period was above the regional sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) average. However, tax revenue performance still remains poor. The main reasons include: unrealistic tax expenditures, corruption, poor governance, low tax morale, overdependence on international trade tax revenues, and structural system weaknesses. To address those challenges, mitigation measures including creating a firm and all-inclusive political settlement; enforcing anti-corruption measures; streamlining the tax system to eliminate system inefficiencies; and systematically formalizing the agricultural and informal sectors to widen the tax base are proposed. It is hoped that the findings provide valuable insights to tax policymakers in formulating policies for improving revenue performance in Uganda and related LICs.

Uganda, taxation, tax system, tax reform, tax challenges, revenue mobilization, revenue performance, low-income countries, corruption, political settlement.
The US and EU Solar Trade Remedies Saga: The Globalization of Mercantilism
Authors: López Julio Antonio García , Sancho María Moreno
Published: June 2022

This article explores the different trade-restrictive measures and legal strategies carried out by the United States and the European Union during the solar trade remedies saga. It focuses on the US and EU use of rules of origin as a protectionist device against the alleged circumvention of anti-dumping and countervailing duties, as well as on the cartelizing effect of US and the EU legal strategies with respect to solar trade remedies. It concludes that the US and EU solar trade remedies saga has resulted in the globalization of mercantilism. The elimination of trade remedies on products used in renewable energy is hereby proposed

trade remedies, trade-restrictive measures, anti-dumping duties, countervailing duties, safeguard measures, circumvention, globalization, environment, solar trade remedies, CSPV cells products
International Trade in the CFS Voluntary Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition: A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Alabrese Mariagrazia , Coli Francesca
Published: June 2022

In February 2021, the members of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) endorsed the first-ever Voluntary Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition (VGFSyN) aimed at supporting countries in their efforts to eradicate all forms of hunger and malnutrition, while strengthening the process towards sustainable food systems. This article investigates whether and how the VGFSyN address international trade, whose role in the functioning of food systems is clearly highlighted in current global policy initiatives. The analysis examines the relationship between trade policies and food security and nutrition. It highlights the most important positions on the matter of the members of the CFS during the preparation of the guidelines. We argue that the CFS missed the opportunity to include trade and its profound effect on nutrition in the supposedly systemic approach adopted in the guidelines. We believe that the VGFSyN would have been an ideal opportunity to emphasize the relationship between trade and food and nutrition security, and to call attention to the importance of trade in the transition towards sustainable food systems.

world food security, nutrition security, food systems, sustainable food systems, trade policies, Voluntary Guidelines on Food Systems and Nutrition (VGFSyN), WTO Agreement on Agriculture, non-trade concerns, agricultural trade liberalization, right to food
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.: A potential invasive plant in Tunisia
Authors: Sayari Najla
Published: June 2022

Biological invasions are considered as one of the most serious threats to the biodiversity. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (Aizoaceae) is reported invasive in many regions over the world. This paper aim to monitor its distribution in the Kerkennah islands and update its invasive status. Field surveys, performed during May 2022, were achieved to record M. crystallinum occurrences and generate the plant distribution map. Field monitoring reveals that M. crystallinum is widespread and has the ability to grow in a broad range of disturbed habitats. The plant distribution pattern show that it often forms dense stands which allow it to inhibit the growth of other plants. Concidering its behaviour M. crystallinum should be considered as a potential invasive plant in Tunisia which requires the implementation of an appropriate management plan.
Identifying Optimal Parameters And Their Impact For Predicting Credit Card Defaulters Using Machine-Learning Algorithms
Authors: Muhammad Qasim Idrees  , Humaira Naeem  , Muhammad Imran  , Asma Batool  , Nadia Tabassum
Published: June 2022

Data mining and Machine learning are the emerging technologies that are rapidly spreading in every field of life due to their beneficial aspects. The financial sector also makes use of these technologies. Many research studies regarding banking data analysis have been performed using machine learning techniques. These research studies also have many Problems as the main focus of these studies was to achieve high accuracy and some of them only perform comparative analysis of different classifier's performance. Another major drawback of these studies was that they do not identify any optimal parameters and their impact. In this research, we have identified optimal parameters. These parameters are valuable for performing the credit scoring process and might also be used to predict credit card defaulters. We also find their impact on the results. We have used feature selection and classification techniques to identify optimal parameters and their impact on credit card defaulters identification. We have introduced three classifiers which are Kstar, SMO and Multilayer perceptron and repeat the process of classification and feature selection for every classifier. First, we apply feature selection techniques to our dataset with each classifier to find out possible optimal parameters and In the next phase, we use classification to find the impact of possible optimal parameters and proved our findings. In each round of classification, we have used different parameters available in the dataset every time we include and exclude some parameters and noted the results of each run of classification with each classifier and in this way, we identify the optimal parameters and their impact on the results Whereas we also analyze the performance of classifiers. To perform this research study, we use the “credit card defaults” dataset which we obtained from UCI Machine learning online repository. We use two feature selection techniques that include ranker approach and evolutionary search method and after that, we also apply classification techniques on the dataset. This research can help to reduce the complexities of the credit scoring process. Through this study, we identify up to six optimal parameters and also find their impact on the performance of classifiers. Further We also identify that multilayer perceptron was the best performing classifier out of three. This research work can also be extended to other fields in the future where we use this mechanism to find out optimal parameters and their impact can help us to predict the  results.
Kurdish journalism's treatment of political violence phenomena
Authors: Ali Rasul Bahroz , Ahmed Ramazan Omer
Published: June 2022

The study argues that there is direct connection between journalism and the phenomena of political violence which is social phenomena and has social implications. Due to unclear and the Blurry of media as well as journalism system, the newspapers without taking into considerations of principals’ of objectivity and social accountability, engaged in covering political violence. Also in some cases they contributed in producing the discourse of political violence through encouraging and showing partiality to a specific party mainly by those newspapers which are representing political parties as well as the newspapers’ belong to private sector, become supporters’ of opposing characters and directs political violence discourse against the political authority. In other word, the Kurdish journalism do not perform its’ functions which are determined regarding social, political spheres, as well as, transmitting news service and nterpretation of events. According to the study, the Kurdistani new newspaper comes with the first rank in terms of the quantity of covering political violence, while Hawlati is in the second rank and xebat is in the third rank. In addition, Kurdistani nwe and Xebat focused more on un- governmental political violence, but hawlati covered more governmental political violence.
Evaluation of investigative reports on electronic websites in the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Kayfa Sharif Hazjar , Ali Ahmad Fuad
Published: June 2022

The subject of this study is )Evaluation of investigative reports on electronic websites in the Kurdistan region(, which is a current and important topic in media science, and it has become a valuable asset for the media since then. The research objective is to identify the level of knowledge of investigative reports, as well as the validity of the published reports. In those publications, in addition to the goals that the reports tried to achieve and present, and to what extent it was able to carry out the process of excavation and deepening the reports. The presenter explains a brief overview of the history of investigative media. Then the concepts, definitions and features of investigative journalism were pointed out, and investigative reports were revealed in the field of definitions, features and importance. Finally, the research theory presented by the researcher, which described the reality of investigative journalism on websites. The research is of the descriptive research type. It used a survey method that is compatible with the research path. It also used a content analysis method to achieve the research objectives in the aftermath of the research process. The study concluded that the investigative reports were prepared in the manner of investigative scientific planning, relying on evidence and information based on evidence.
The role of modern management accounting methods in achieving sustainable development accounting
Authors: Omer Abdulrahman Gona , Majid Najm Basira , Ghafoor Awrahman Heshw
Published: June 2022

The Kurdistan Region is currently witnessing many changes and fluctuations in various types of fields, both at the political, economic and social levels. As a result of the desire to restore balance at all levels, a trend has emerged towards sustainable development that aims to develop in light of the violent environmental changes surrounding the business environment. These economic fluctuations have been reflected On managerial accounting and the use of its modern methods in companies in light of this changing environment because of the risks that companies were exposed to and trying to withstand these changes. Accounting for sustainable development is the latest stage of accounting development as a source of information necessary to achieve sustainable development in various business companies. To explain the methods of modern management accounting and the importance of its role in achieving sustainable development accounting in industrial companies. Due to the difficulty of obtaining the necessary data that allows the application of the research in industrial companies, the researchers relied on the use of the questionnaire in a sample of cement companies operating in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate, ٨٠ questionnaires were distributed and ٧١ questionnaires were valid for analysis, which is equivalent to ٪٨٨ of the total distributed questionnaires. The questionnaire data was analyzed through the statistical program )SPPS.V٢٤(, and the research reached a set of results, the most important of which are )most of the study sample were in agreement that modern management accounting methods, the most important of which are the accounting of resource consumption, the theory of constraints, lean accounting and continuous improvement It has a major role in achieving sustainable development )meeting the needs of current generations without compromising the share of future generations(, and the research recommended the need to pay attention to modern management accounting methods in industrial companies in general and cement companies in particular, as it is one of the leading industrial companies in Sulaymaniyah Governorate.
The impact of the integration of ERP and e-government systems in increasing Government Revenue - A Suggested Model
Authors: Hassan Fattah Neshtman
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to identify the ”impact of integration between resource planning systems and e-government as an independent variable on the increase in government revenues in Iraq as a dependent variable by application on a sample of government departments operating in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. In light of the statistical analytical method, by applying a questionnaire to a sample of )٤٠( individuals. From the administrative experts and accountants at the Ministry of Finance and some ministries and other government institutions.The researcher relied on the outputs of the )SPSS( program for statistical analysis, where the study reached several results, the most important of which are: The average degree of reality of the application of resource planning systems in government institutions in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq was )٣.٧٠( out of )٥(. And the average application of e-government was )٣.٦٦(. The average degree of the reality of integration of resource planning and e-government applications in government institutions in the Kurdistan Region was ٣.٥٧.The average degree of estimation of the reality of the increase in government revenues in government institutions in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq was )٣.٦٨(. It was found that there is a positive direct relationship between )the independent variable Xab: integration of the application of resource planning systems and the application of e-government( and )the dependent variable Y: government revenues( in the Kurdistan Region, with an effect size of ٪٦٢.It was found that the effect of the variable )Xab: the integration of resource planning and e-government systems( on the variable )Y: the increase in government revenues( in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq; It is determined according to a linear mathematical relationship that has been estimated statistically in the standard model: ]Y = )٠.٧٩٧( * Xab + ٠.٩٧] It means that the level of increase in government revenues can be measured through the product of multiplying the degree of integration level between the E-Government and ERP systems by the value )٠.٧٨٩(, which is The value of the coefficients in the model, in addition to the stability value )٠.٩٧(. The study recommended several recommendations, including the need to expedite the provision of integrated technological equipment on the ground to be able to switch to the actual e-government model, attract experts specialized in the field of information technology, apply modern electronic management, and establish units and centers A specialized and expert institution in achieving effective and comprehensive integration between the e-government model and resource planning systems, in a way that supports the development, diversification and rationalization of government revenues.
Lecturers’ Perceptions Toward Alternative Assessments Instead of Traditional Assessments in Iraqi Kurdistan Universities
Authors: Salih Mohammed Kurdistan , Assi Hayder Lanja
Published: June 2022

Recently, the interest in applying new forms of assessment are tremendously different from the traditional assessment. New forms of alternative assessment. The main objective of this paper is to determine the main reseaons behind increasing instructors unwillingness to use alternative assess- ment. To fulfill this aim, questionnaire have been distributed among 250 teachers in order to figure out the main resons behind their unwillingness, and only 200 forms answered proplerly. The result reveals that lack of time, facilities, economics and methods of teaching are main causes of increasing teachers’ unwillingness to use alternative assessment, eventhough it is considered as a significant way to involve students’ in the learning process.
Further use of data in research: Current trends, legal background, and typical problems
Authors: Brombacher Eva , Rumetsch Virgilia
Published: June 2022

Over the past few years, Switzerland has seen a marked increase in the further use of routine clinical data, research data, and biological materials for research purposes. This article aims to shed some light on a few typical problems the cantonal ethics committee of Zurich encounters in the area of the further use of biological material and patient data for research with or without consent. Other difficult questions may arise in emergency situations, in the evaluation of sample size and pre-screening patients for clinical studies, and in situations when a patient revokes consent.
Data protection in clinical trials: Key issues from a legal perspective
Authors: do Canto Philipp
Published: June 2022

Human research is one of the most regulated academic domains. A main focus of regulations is the protection of trial participants’ physical integrity and personal data. In Switzerland, the federal Human Research Act (HRA) and its related ordinances are primarily relevant. These research regulations contain provisions on how research data are to be managed in order to protect participants’ data privacy. When cantonal universities conduct clinical trials, they must also comply with their cantonal data protection laws. Standards set by the EU and international organisations also have a major impact on human research. Despite the increased protection of personal data, there is some room for improvement. This article reviews the legal basis for data privacy in Switzerland as it relates to research participants’ data and takes a closer look at a few key issues from the perspective of study participants.
Health data ecosystems: Sharing health data to facilitate medical progress
Authors: Engelhard Marc
Published: June 2022

Sharing health data in a meaningful way that preserves privacy is the foundation of a well-functioning digital health data ecosystem. A digital ecosystem implies that stakeholders are embedded in the necessary conditions to collect, store, share, and use health data electronically. Health data ecosystems can provide many benefits to society, including effective personalised medicine for patients, greater innovation in research, and improved policymaking. As an integral part of these health data ecosystems, the pharmaceutical industry already contributes substantially to them by investing in and sharing health data in order to facilitate medical progress. While many countries have recognised the value of health data ecosystems, Switzerland lags massively behind when it comes to secondary health data usage. To change this, Switzerland needs to develop a coherent strategy to create a health data ecosystem involving all relevant stakeholders.