bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary variation of papillomavirus E2 protein and E2 binding sites
Authors: Rogers Adam , Waltke Mackenzie , Angeletti Peter C
Published: August 2011

Background

In an effort to identify the evolutionary changes relevant to E2 function, within and between papillomavirus genera, we evaluated the E2 binding sites (E2BS)s inside the long-control-region (LCR), and throughout the genomes. We identified E2BSs in the six largest genera of papillomaviruses: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Lambda, and Xi-papillomaviruses (128 genomes), by comparing the sequences with a model consensus we created from known functional E2BSs (HPV16, HPV18, BPV1). We analyzed the sequence conservation and nucleotide content of the 4-nucleotide spacer within E2BSs. We determined that there is a statistically significant difference in GC content of the four-nucleotide E2BS spacer, between Alpha and Delta-papillomaviruses, as compared to each of the other groups. Additionally, we performed multiple alignments of E2 protein sequences using members of each genus in order to identify evolutionary changes within the E2 protein.

Results

When a phylogenetic tree was generated from E2 amino acid sequences, it was discovered that the alpha-papillomavirus genera segregates into two distinct subgroups (α1 and α2). When these subgroups were individually analyzed, it was determined that the subgroup α1 consensus E2BS favored a spacer of AAAA, whereas subgroup α2 favored the opposite orientation of the same spacer; TTTT. This observation suggests that these conserved inverted linkers could have functional importance.
Increased performance uncertainty in children with ADHD? - Elevated post-imperative negative variation (PINV) over the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Werner Janina , Weisbrod Matthias , Resch Franz , Roessner Veit , Bender Stephan
Published: August 2011

Background

We aimed to investigate the influences of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on response evaluation, as reflected by the postimperative negative variation (PINV), a slow event-related potential.

Methods

We investigated PINV as an indicator of performance uncertainty in an audio-visual contingent negative variation (CNV) paradigm with an interstimulus interval of 3 seconds. A constant, unilateral, quick motor reaction with either the right or the left thumb was required after an auditory forewarned (S1) visual imperative stimulus (S2). We examined 18 ADHD patients (combined or hyperactive-impulsive subtype) aged between 8 and 14 years and an age-, sex and IQ-matched control group of 19 healthy subjects using 64-channel high-density EEG. A first run was recorded drug-free, a second one under methylphenidate (MPH) medication in the ADHD group.

Results

We found a significantly increased negativity of the PINV-component over the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex in ADHD children compared to the healthy control group. PINV amplitude was influenced by movement side, most likely due to the slightly more difficult task when left hand responses were required. After the intake of MPH, PINV amplitudes of ADHD children normalized.

Conclusions

We conclude that children with ADHD are likely to be more uncertain about the correctness of their performance and interpret the increased PINV as a hint towards compensatory mechanisms for a deficit in the evaluation of contingencies. Further studies are needed to assess the exact extent to which remainders of eye-movement related potentials contribute to PINV amplitude despite the correction for eye-artifacts.
Environmental versatility promotes modularity in genome-scale metabolic networks
Authors: Samal Areejit , Wagner Andreas , Martin Olivier C
Published: August 2011

Background

The ubiquity of modules in biological networks may result from an evolutionary benefit of a modular organization. For instance, modularity may increase the rate of adaptive evolution, because modules can be easily combined into new arrangements that may benefit their carrier. Conversely, modularity may emerge as a by-product of some trait. We here ask whether this last scenario may play a role in genome-scale metabolic networks that need to sustain life in one or more chemical environments. For such networks, we define a network module as a maximal set of reactions that are fully coupled, i.e., whose fluxes can only vary in fixed proportions. This definition overcomes limitations of purely graph based analyses of metabolism by exploiting the functional links between reactions. We call a metabolic network viable in a given chemical environment if it can synthesize all of an organism's biomass compounds from nutrients in this environment. An organism's metabolism is highly versatile if it can sustain life in many different chemical environments. We here ask whether versatility affects the modularity of metabolic networks.

Results

Using recently developed techniques to randomly sample large numbers of viable metabolic networks from a vast space of metabolic networks, we use flux balance analysis to study in silico metabolic networks that differ in their versatility. We find that highly versatile networks are also highly modular. They contain more modules and more reactions that are organized into modules. Most or all reactions in a module are associated with the same biochemical pathways. Modules that arise in highly versatile networks generally involve reactions that process nutrients or closely related chemicals. We also observe that the metabolism of E. coli is significantly more modular than even our most versatile networks.

Conclusions

Our work shows that modularity in metabolic networks can be a by-product of functional constraints, e.g., the need to sustain life in multiple environments. This organizational principle is insensitive to the environments we consider and to the number of reactions in a metabolic network. Because we observe this principle not just in one or few biological networks, but in large random samples of networks, we propose that it may be a generic principle of metabolic network organization.
Steady-state global optimization of metabolic non-linear dynamic models through recasting into power-law canonical models
Authors: Pozo Carlos , Marín-Sanguino Alberto , Alves Rui , Guillén-Gosálbez Gonzalo , Jiménez Laureano , Sorribas Albert
Published: August 2011

Background

Design of newly engineered microbial strains for biotechnological purposes would greatly benefit from the development of realistic mathematical models for the processes to be optimized. Such models can then be analyzed and, with the development and application of appropriate optimization techniques, one could identify the modifications that need to be made to the organism in order to achieve the desired biotechnological goal. As appropriate models to perform such an analysis are necessarily non-linear and typically non-convex, finding their global optimum is a challenging task. Canonical modeling techniques, such as Generalized Mass Action (GMA) models based on the power-law formalism, offer a possible solution to this problem because they have a mathematical structure that enables the development of specific algorithms for global optimization.

Results

Based on the GMA canonical representation, we have developed in previous works a highly efficient optimization algorithm and a set of related strategies for understanding the evolution of adaptive responses in cellular metabolism. Here, we explore the possibility of recasting kinetic non-linear models into an equivalent GMA model, so that global optimization on the recast GMA model can be performed. With this technique, optimization is greatly facilitated and the results are transposable to the original non-linear problem. This procedure is straightforward for a particular class of non-linear models known as Saturable and Cooperative (SC) models that extend the power-law formalism to deal with saturation and cooperativity.

Conclusions

Our results show that recasting non-linear kinetic models into GMA models is indeed an appropriate strategy that helps overcoming some of the numerical difficulties that arise during the global optimization task.
Preferential Fat Deposition in Subcutaneous Versus Visceral Depots Is Associated with Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: McLaughlin Tracey , Lamendola Cindy , Liu Alice , Abbasi Fahim
Published: August 2011

Background:

Studies on the relationship between regional fat and insulin resistance yield mixed results. Our objective was to determine whether regional fat distribution, independent of obesity, is associated with insulin resistance.

Design:

Subjects included 115 healthy, overweight/moderately obese adults with body mass index (BMI) 25–36.9 kg/m2 who met predetermined criteria for being insulin resistant (IR) or insulin sensitive (IS) based on the modified insulin suppression test. Computerized tomography was used to quantify visceral adipose tissue (VAT), sc adipose tissue (SAT), and thigh adipose tissue. Fat mass in each depot was compared according to IR/IS group, adjusting for BMI and sex.

Results:

Despite nearly identical mean BMI in the IR vs. IS groups, VAT and %VAT were significantly higher in the IR group, whereas SAT, %SAT, and thigh sc fat were significantly lower. In logistic regression analysis, each sd increase in VAT increased the odds of being IR by 80%, whereas each increase in SAT decreased the odds by 48%; each increase in thigh fat decreased the odds by 59% and retained significance after adjusting for other depots. When grouped by VAT tertile, IS vs. IR individuals had significantly more SAT. There was no statistically significant interaction between sex and these relationships.

Conclusion:

These data demonstrate that after adjustment for BMI and VAT mass, sc abdominal and thigh fat are protective for insulin resistance, whereas VAT, after adjustment for SAT and BMI, has the opposite effect. Whether causal in nature or a marker of underlying pathology, these results clarify that regional distribution of fat-favoring sc depots is associated with lower risk for insulin resistance.
Rapid BAC selection fortol2-mediated transgenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Bussmann Jeroen , Schulte-Merker Stefan
Published: August 2011

The generation of zebrafish transgenic lines that express specific fluorophores in a cell- or tissue-specific manner is an important technique that takes full advantage of the optical clarity of the embryo. Identifying promoter fragments that faithfully recapitulate endogenous expression patterns and levels is often difficult and using large genomic DNA fragments, such as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), makes the process of transgenesis less reliable. Here we provide a detailed protocol that allows for BAC selection and subsequent rapid modification through recombineering in Escherichia coli, resulting in BACs that can be injected into zebrafish embryos and, aided by tol2-mediated transgenesis, reliably yield stable transgenic lines. A number of BACs can be prepared in parallel, and injection of the BACs containing CFP/YFP/RFP or Gal4 cassettes allows for immediate testing of whether a particular BAC will yield the desired result. Furthermore, since injected embryos often show widespread expression, recombineered BACs provide an alternative to two-color in situ hybridizations: BACs injected into embryos of a different transgenic reporter line thus enable in vivo colocalization studies. Using this protocol, we have generated 66 stable lines for 23 different genes, with an average transgenesis rate above 10%. Importantly, we provide evidence that BAC size shows no apparent correlation to the transgenesis rate achieved and that there are no severe position effects.
A signaling loop of REST, TSC2 and β-catenin governs proliferation and function of PC12 neural cells
Authors: Tomasoni Romana , Negrini Sara , Fiordaliso Stefania , Klajn Andrijana , Tkatch Tatiana , Mondino Anna , Meldolesi Jacopo , D'Alessandro Rosalba
Published: August 2011

The RE-1-specific silencing transcription factor (REST or NRSF) is a transcription repressor that orchestrates differentiation and also operates in differentiated neurons and neurosecretory cells (neural cells). Its role in proliferation has been investigated so far only in rapidly growing tumors, with conflicting results: suppression in non-neural tumors, stimulation in medulloblastomas. Working with two clones of chromaffin–neuronal PC12 cells, which express different levels of REST, and using genetic complementation and knockdown approaches, we show that REST also promotes proliferation in differentiated neural cells. Mechanistically, this occurs by a signaling pathway involving REST, the GTPase-activating protein tuberin (TSC2) and the transcription co-factor β-catenin. In PC12 cells, raised expression of REST correlates with reduced TSC2 levels, nuclear accumulation and co-transcriptional activation of β-catenin, and increased expression of its target oncogenes Myc and Ccnd1, which might account for the proliferation advantage and the distinct morphology. Rest transcription is also increased, unveiling the existence of a self-sustaining, feed-forward REST–TSC2–β-catenin signaling loop that is also operative in another neural cell model, NT2/D1 cells. Transfection of REST, knockdown of TSC2 or forced expression of active β-catenin recapitulated the biochemical, functional and morphological properties of the high-expressing REST clone in wild-type PC12 cells. Upregulation of REST promoted proliferation and phenotypic changes, thus hindering neurosecretion. The new REST–TSC2–β-catenin signaling paradigm might have an important role in various aspects of neural cell physiology and pathology, including the regulation of proliferation and neurosecretion.
Protective effect of zinc on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and testosterone-induced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the dorsolateral prostate of Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Banudevi Sivanantham , Elumalai Perumal , Sharmila Govindaraj , Arunkumar Ramachandran , Senthilkumar Kalimuthu , Arunakaran Jagadeesan
Published: August 2011

Previous studies have suggested that zinc exerts anticarcinogenic and antiproliferative effects against prostate cancer both in vitro and in rat ventral prostate. Zinc accumulation diminishes early in the course of prostate malignancy and it inhibits the growth of several carcinoma cells through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this study, we have investigated the influence of zinc on N-methyl- N-nitrosourea (MNU) and testosterone (T)-induced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the dorsolateral prostate of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The results indicate that zinc plays an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. Increased tumor incidence was accompanied by a decrease in prostatic acid phosphatase activity, citrate, zinc, glutathione- S-transferase, reduced glutathione, p53, B-cell lymphoma protein (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and caspase-3 levels in MNU + T-treated rats. On the contrary, significantly increased phase I drug metabolizing enzyme activities, lipid peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL protein levels were observed in the dorsolateral prostate of MNU + T-treated rats. Simultaneous zinc supplementation significantly reversed these effects in MNU + T-treated rats. Signs of dysplasia, a characteristic of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, were evident in the dorsolateral prostatic tissue sections by MNU + T administration. However, zinc supplementation has reversed these effects in the dorsolateral prostatic histoarchitecture. These results suggest that zinc may act as an essential trace element against MNU and testosterone-induced prostatic preneoplastic progression in SD rats.
Accidental Innovation: Supporting Valuable Unpredictability in the Creative Process
Authors: Austin Robert D. , Devin Lee , Sullivan Erin E.
Published: August 2011

Historical accounts of human achievement suggest that accidents can play an important role in innovation. In this paper, we seek to contribute to an understanding of how digital systems might support valuable unpredictability in innovation processes by examining how innovators who obtain value from accidents integrate unpredictability into their work. We describe an inductive, grounded theory project, based on 20 case studies, that looks into the conditions under which people who make things keep their work open to accident, the degree to which they rely on accidents in their work, and how they incorporate accidents into their deliberate processes and arranged surroundings. By comparing makers working in varied conditions, we identify specific factors (e.g., technologies, characteristics of technologies) that appear to support accidental innovation. We show that makers in certain specified conditions not only remain open to accident but also intentionally design their processes and surroundings to invite and exploit valuable accidents. Based on these findings, we offer advice for the design of digital systems to support innovation processes that can access valuable unpredictability.
The Ethical Climate and Context of Organizations: A Comprehensive Model
Authors: Arnaud Anke , Schminke Marshall
Published: August 2011

Traditional approaches to understanding the ethical context of organizations often focus on ethical work climate, which reflects the collective moral reasoning of organization members. However, such approaches overlook other components of the ethical environment that may influence how ethical judgments translate to ethical behavior. This study extends our understanding of the ethical context of organizations by considering how three distinct aspects of that context—collective moral reasoning (ethical climate), collective moral emotion, and collective ethical efficacy—interact to influence ethical behavior. Results from 117 work units support our hypotheses. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Completely Multiplicative Automatic Functions
Authors: Schlage-Puchta Jan-Christoph
Published: August 2011

We show that a completely multiplicative automatic function which does not have 0 as a value is almost periodic.
Comparison of Specifications for Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Pavement Construction
Authors: Gabr A. R. , Cameron D. A. , Andrews R. , Mitchell P. W.
Published: August 2011

This paper reviews existing specifications, specifically for the application of crushed concrete or recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as pavement material for unbound subbases and basecourses. While the use of recycled crushed concrete is not new internationally, its application in Australia is unique as it is being commonly used as a granular basecourse/subbase supporting thin bituminous seals (asphalt or spray seal/chip seal). Commonality of specifications is explored and differences that exist are questioned. In light of practice outside of Australia, limitations by Australian authorities placed on recycled material inclusions other than crushed concrete are raised. In this paper, two South Australian-based RCA products, which were designed for use as pavement bases, are compared with current engineering specifications. The RCA products performed well in terms of resilient modulus and permanent deformation. However, properties such as abrasion resistance and wet/dry strength may restrict the application of the material if current specifications are justifiable.
Dechlorination of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residues for Beneficial Reuse as a Resource for Cement
Authors: Shimaoka Takayuki , Komiya Teppei , Takahashi Fumitake , Nakayama Hirofumi
Published: August 2011

As one of the beneficial resources reclaimable from municipal solid waste incineration residues (MSWIR), we studied the resource of cement and a dechlorination system to meet the JIS standard governing chlorine content in cement. A key problem of such a system is how to remove chlorines, especially insoluble chlorines such as Friedel’s salt, from MSWIR by means of a low-cost treatment system. To develop an innovative dechlorination system for MSWIR, a pilot plant experiment to confirm the effectiveness of organic materials as additives for the dechlorination of MSWIR was conducted using large lysimeters. In addition, to estimate the chlorine-removal efficiency and the period required for sufficient dechlorination, a numerical simulation was carried out. In cases where no organic materials had been added to MSWIR, soluble forms of chlorine could be removed, but insoluble forms of chlorine—such as Friedel’s salt, remained after treatment. On the other hand, when garbage compost was present as an organic additive, both soluble and insoluble forms of chlorine could be effectively removed. The removal of insoluble forms of chlorine was made possible by the decomposition of the insoluble forms resulting from a lowering of the pH level as a result of the decomposition of organic substances, and the generation of sulfuric acid derived from the decomposition of garbage compost. As a result, the total chlorine content of MSWIR can be decreased to 0.1 % in about two years.
Tricarbonate complex of hexavalent Am with guanidinium: synthesis and structural characterization of [C(NH2)3]4[AmO2(CO3)3]·2H2O, comparison with [C(NH2)3]4[AnO2(CO3)3] (An=U, Np, Pu)
Authors: Fedosseev A. M. , Gogolev A. V. , Charushnikova I. A. , Shilov V. P.
Published: August 2011

A formation of Am(VI) carbonate complexes has been observed under ozonation of Am(III) in guanidinium carbonate solutions. New [C(NH2)3]4[AmO2(CO3)3]·2H2O tricarbonate complex has been isolated and studied by the X-ray analysis. The Am atom has oxygen environment as distorted hexagonal bipyramid with three CO3
2− ions in equatorial plane and oxygen atoms of the AmO2 group in the apical positions. Averaged Am–OCO3
bond length is 2.431(13) Å, the length of Am=O bond is 1.750(12) Å. In crystal hydrogen bonds between [C(NH2)3]+ cations, water molecules and [AmO2(CO3)3]4− complex anions link the fragments of structure into the three-dimensional network. To compare the peculiarities of the structure of tricarbonate complexes it was prepared [C(NH2)3]4[AnO2(CO3)3], where An = U(VI), Np(VI) and Pu(VI). In structure of [C(NH2)3]4[AnO2(CO3)3] an actinide contraction appears as a slight shortening of the bond lengths in the actinyl groups AnO2: 1.80 Å for U, 1.78 Å for Np 1.76 Å Pu. The An–OCO3
bond length in the equatorial plane of hexagonal bipyramids remains almost unchanged in the series from U to Am. An analysis of the structures showed that hydrogen bonding played an important role in crystal formation.
Crystal structure of the ternary compound γ-Al3FeSi
Authors: Roger Jérome , Jeanneau Erwann , Viala J. C.
Published: August 2011

Ternary iron silicide aluminide γ-Al3FeSi crystals were grown from two Al—Fe—Si melts quenched in cold water. The crystal structures were determined from single-crystal X-ray data: trigonal symmetry, space group R-3 (n°148), unit cell parameters a = 10.2223(2) Å, c = 19.6791(4) Å (V = 1781 Å3) for the Si-poorer crystal and a = 10.1987(2) Å, c = 19.5320(3) Å (V = 1759 Å3) for the Si-richer one. The structure of γ-Al3FeSi may be described in terms of Al-cubes connected together by Al—Al pairs. The structure contains also Al cuboctaedra with one Fe—Al mixed atom in the center. The average chemical formula obtained from the refinements is Al3FeSi. This phase shows a partial disorder on the aluminium network because of the substitution of aluminum atoms by silicon. This substitution mechanism is at the origin of the large homogeneity range of this phase.
Use of Integra in a case of extensive upper extremity avulsion
Authors: Halmy Csaba , Pesthy Pál , Nádai Zoltán , Juhász Zsuzsanna
Published: August 2011

Authors performed successful skin replacement with Integra, a dermal regeneration template, on a patient with circumferential avulsion injury including the elbow region and the dorsum of the hand. The take rate of Integra was 97%, followed by a 98% take rate of the split thickness mesh graft used for final wound coverage. Treatment modality provided excellent aesthetic and functional results, underlining the role of Integra in cases of extensive traumatic skin and soft tissue deficit, such as the treatment of avulsion injury. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1443–1446.
Pressure pain threshold in the craniocervical muscles of women with episodic and chronic migraine: a controlled study
Authors: Grossi Débora Bevilaqua , Chaves Thais Cristina , Gonçalves Maria Claudia , Moreira Viviane Coimbra , Canonica Alexandra Carolina , Florencio Lidiane Lima , Bordini Carlos Alberto , Speciali José Geraldo , Bigal Marcelo Eduardo
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the craniocervical muscles in women with episodic migraine (EM) n=15 and chronic migraine (CM) n=14, and in healthy volunteers (C) n=15. METHOD: A blinded examiner obtained the PPT bilaterally, by pressure algometry, for the following muscles: frontalis, temporalis, masseter, trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. ANOVA (p<0.05) was used for statistical purposes. RESULTS: Contrasted to controls, individuals with EM had significantly decreased PPT values for frontal muscle (EM: 2.01±0.67 vs. C: 2.85±0.71), posterior temporalis bilaterally (right and left, respectively) (EM: 2.72±0.89 vs. C: 3.36±0.72 and EM: 2.60±1.00 vs. C: 3.35±0.85), upper trapezius bilaterally (EM: 2.69±1.00 vs. C: 3.49±0.83 and EM: 2.54±0.93 vs. C: 3.32±0.97) and women with CM: on frontal muscle bilaterally (CM: 2.16±0.52 vs. C: 2.79±0.71 and CM: 2.01±0.67 vs. C: 2.85±0.71) and upper trapezius (CM: 2.66±0.84 vs. C: 3.32±0.97), however, it was not verified differences between PPT values between EM and CM groups. CONCLUSION: PPT is decreased in women with migraine relative to controls. Future studies should explore this parameter as a biological marker of the disease and a predictor of treatment.
Headache is associated with lower alcohol consumption among medical students
Authors: Domingues Renan Barros , Domingues Simone Aires
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between headache and alcohol consumption among medical students. 480 medical students were submitted to a questionnaire about headaches and drinking alcohol. Headache was assessed by ID-Migraine and functional disability was evaluated with MIDAS. The evaluation of alcohol consumption was assessed with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). There was significantly lower proportion of students with drinking problem among students with headache. This occurred both among students classified as having migraine and among those who had non-migrainous headache. There was not a correlation between functional disability of headache and AUDIT score. Our data suggest that having headache leads to a reduction in alcohol consumption among medical students regardless the degree of headache functional impact.
Correlations between motor and sensory functions in upper limb chronic hemiparetics after stroke
Authors: Scalha Thais Botossi , Miyasaki Erica , Lima Núbia Maria Freire Vieira , Borges Guilherme
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE: Describe the somatosensory function of the affected upper limb of hemiparetic stroke patients and investigate the correlations between measurements of motor and sensory functions in tasks with and without visual deprivation. METHOD: We applied the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA), and several motor and sensory tests: Paper manipulation (PM), Motor Sequences (MS), Reaching and grasping (RG) Tests Functional (TF), Tactile Discrimination (TD), Weight Discrimination (WD) and Tactile Recognition of Objects (RO). RESULTS: We found moderate correlations between the FMA motor subscale and the tactile sensation score of the NSA. Additionally, the FMA sensitivity was correlated with the NSA total; and performance on the WD test items correlated with the NSA. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between the sensory and motor functions of the upper limb in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. Additionally, there was a greater reliance on visual information to compensate for lost sensory-motor skills.
Microestaquia em mirtileiro com diferentes porções do ramo e substratos
Authors: Pelizza Tânia Regina , Damiani Cláudia Roberta , Rufato Andrea de Rossi , Souza André Luiz Kulkamp de , Ribeiro Mirian de Farias , Schuch Márcia Wulff
Published: August 2011

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de enraizamento, em ambiente protegido, de microestacas retiradas de diferentes porções (apical e mediana) dos ramos de mirtileiro (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cv. Climax provenientes de mudas micropropagadas, com a utilização de diferentes substratos. Foram utilizados dois tipos de microestacas (apical e mediana) e três substratos (Plantmax® + casca de arroz carbonizada (1:1); Húmus Fértil® e Vermicomposto Bovino). O ácido indolbutírico (AIB) foi aplicado na concentração de 2000 mg L-1 para estimular o enraizamento. As microestacas foram acondicionadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido. Microestacas provenientes da porção mediana atingiram maior porcentagem de sobrevivência, maior número de folhas e de brotações, porém, tiveram maior formação de calo. O número de raízes é dependente do tipo de microestaca e substrato utilizado. A utilização de microestacas medianas em substrato Plantmax® + casca de arroz carbonizada é mais favorável para a produção de mudas de mirtileiro da cv. Climax, pelo aumento da porcentagem de enraizamento e de estacas sobreviventes, do comprimento de raízes e do número de folhas e brotações.
Implementação do sistema de produção integrada de pêssegos no Paraná
Authors: Kowata Ligia Sayko , Amorim Lilian , Fachinello José Carlos , Mio Louise Larissa May-De
Published: August 2011

A situação da produção integrada (PI) de pêssegos no Paraná foi avaliada considerando a importância do acompanhamento técnico especializado, os pontos de estrangulamento na adoção da tecnologia e a classificação das áreas em conformidade para PI. As safras de 2005/2006 (sem acompanhamento PI) e de 2006/2007 (com acompanhamento PI) foram comparadas, considerando 20 produtores orientados mensalmente para atender os requisitos contidos nas normas técnicas de PI para pêssego. A incidência da ferrugem (Tranzschelia discolor) e a da podridão parda (Monilinia fructicola) na floração foram quantificadas nas safras de 2006/2007 e 2007/2008 como parâmetros biológicos para caracterizar a eficiência do manejo adotado. A conformidade das propriedades ao sistema PI foi avaliada na safra 2007/2008, aplicando o Módulo complementar APOIA-NovoRural-PI (APOIA-PI). O índice de conformidade de cada propriedade foi comparado ao mínimo para a classificação em PI (0,7). As maiores inconformidades no uso do caderno de campo foram: identificação do responsável técnico, monitoramento de pragas e coleta de dados climáticos. O acompanhamento técnico aumentou em média 60% a conformidade no uso do caderno de campo. A incidência de podridão parda aumentou na safra de 2007/2008 em algumas áreas, ocasionada pelo não atendimento das recomendações técnicas PI. O manejo inadequado da ferrugem causou incremento no inóculo do patógeno, favorecendo o desenvolvimento da epidemia nos pomares. O APOIA-PI classificou duas propriedades como conforme para boas práticas agrícolas (BPA) (0,7 < índice de conformidade > 0,4), duas como produção integrada (PI) (> 0,7) e as demais estavam com índices de conformidade menores que 0,4.
Desempenho de híbridos de milho em diferentes arranjos espaciais de plantas
Authors: Kappes Claudinei , Andrade João Antonio da Costa , Arf Orivaldo , Oliveira Angela Cristina de , Arf Marcelo Valentini , Ferreira João Paulo
Published: August 2011

As modificações introduzidas recentemente nos genótipos de milho tem tornado necessário reavaliar as recomendações de práticas de manejo para esta cultura, dentre elas, o arranjo espacial de plantas. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar o melhor arranjo de plantas para os híbridos de milho XB 6010, XB 6012, XB 7253, XB 9003 e AG 9010 nos espaçamentos entre linhas de 0,45 e 0,90 m e nas populações de 50.000, 60.000, 70.000, 80.000 e 90.000 plantas ha-1. O experimento foi realizado em 2009, em Selvíria (MS), em blocos ao acaso com os dois espaçamentos dispostos em faixas dentro de cada bloco e as 25 combinações híbridos x populações casualisadas dentro de cada espaçamento. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste F, sendo os efeitos de híbridos e de espaçamentos comparados pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) e de populações pela análise de regressão. Independentemente de híbrido e de população, o espaçamento influenciou apenas o diâmetro de colmo, e a utilização de 0,45 m entre linhas proporcionou a obtenção de plantas com maior diâmetro. Diâmetro de colmo, comprimento e diâmetro de espiga, prolificidade e massa de cem grãos diminuíram de forma linear à medida que se aumentou a população de plantas, ao passo que a altura de planta não foi afetada. Os melhores arranjos foram: AG 9010 - 90.000 plantas ha-1 no espaçamento de 0,45 m; XB 7253 - 72.000 plantas ha-1 em ambos os espaçamentos; e XB 6010, XB 6012 e XB 9003 - sem resposta significativa aos arranjos, podendo ser recomendado 50.000 plantas ha-1 nos dois espaçamentos.
Sensibilidade de fungos entomopatogênicos a agroquímicos usados no manejo da cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Botelho Aline Aparecida Alves , Monteiro Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2011

Os agroquímicos empregados no manejo da cana-de-açúcar podem afetar a ação de fungos entomopatogênicos usados no controle biológico de pragas da cultura. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar se os inseticidas, herbicidas e maturadores utilizados no manejo da cana-de-açúcar têm efeito tóxico sobre os fungos Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae. Foram utilizados os inseticidas thiametoxan, aldicarbe e fipronil, os herbicidas imazapir, diuron, metribuzin, hexazinone+diuron, clomazone+ametrina, 2,4 diclorofenoxiacético e glifosato, e os maturadores etil-trinexapac, sulfometurom-metílico e glifosato também. Os fungos foram cultivados em meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar contendo os agroquímicos. Avaliou-se o crescimento micelial, a produção e viabilidade dos conídios, e fez-se a avaliação da toxicidade dos agroquímicos. O inseticida à base de thiametoxan foi considerado compatível, pois não afetou o crescimento micelial, a produção e a viabilidade dos conídios dos dois fungos. O inseticida formulado com fipronil se mostrou parcialmente tóxico para os fungos, sendo considerado moderadamente compatível, enquanto o aldicarbe foi considerado tóxico. Os herbicidas avaliados afetaram o crescimento micelial, a produção e a viabilidade dos conídios dos entomopatógenos e foram classificados como tóxicos, mas aqueles formulados com imazapir, glifosato e metribuzim foram considerados compatíveis. Entre os agroquímicos usados como maturadores apenas o glifosato foi classificado como compatível. Os agroquímicos usados no manejo da cana-de-açúcar, e que foram testados neste estudo, têm majoritariamente efeito tóxico sobre B. bassiana e M. anisopliae podendo comprometer sua ação como bioagentes de controle de pragas da cultura.
Tabelas de esperança de vida e fertilidade de Myzus persicae sobre pimentão em laboratório e casa de vegetação
Authors: Barbosa Leonardo Rodrigues , Carvalho César Freire , Auad Alexander Machado , Souza Brígida de , Batista Elder Simões de Paula
Published: August 2011

Estudos de tabelas de vida de insetos-praga em diferentes temperaturas auxiliam na compreensão da dinâmica populacional desses organismos. Objetivou-se calcular tabelas de esperança de vida e de fertilidade de Myzus persicae criado em pimentão Capsicum annuum, em diferentes condições térmicas. O estudo foi realizado em câmaras climatizadas, nas temperaturas de 15, 20, 25 e 30 ºC, UR de 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas, e em casa de vegetação em temperaturas oscilantes, com média de 24,9 ºC e UR de 68,1%. A longevidade máxima de adultos de M. persicae foi maior a 15 ºC (45 dias) e diminuiu a 20 ºC (39 dias), 25 ºC (27 dias), 30 ºC (24 dias) e, em casa de vegetação a 24,9 ºC foi de 29,5 dias. A esperança de vida (ex) no primeiro dia de observação foi de 43,76; 35,39; 21,44; 17,67 e 17,03 dias, para as ninfas mantidas a 15, 20, 25, 30 e 24,9 ºC respectivamente, tendo a partir daí uma queda acentuada até o fim das observações. Os parâmetros de tabelas de vida e de fertilidade evidenciaram que a temperatura de 25 ºC proporcionou a melhor condição térmica para o crescimento populacional de M. persicae, com maior capacidade de aumentar em número (r m = 0,31) e menor tempo necessário para a população duplicar (TD=2,22 dias). Em casa de vegetação a oscilação térmica afetou o crescimento populacional, proporcionando menor valor de r m (0,28) e maior TD (2,47 dias), comparados àqueles mantidos à temperatura constante equivalente.
Clones de seringueira com resistência a ácaros
Authors: Silva Helder Adriano de Souza da , Vieira Marineide Rosa , Valério Filho Walter Veriano , Cardoso Maria de Souza Monteverde , Figueira Janayna Correa
Published: August 2011

A cultura da seringueira pode ser atacada pelos ácaros Calacarus heveae Feres (Eriophyidae) e Tenuipalpus heveae Baker (Tenuipalpidae). Dentre as opções para controle dessas pragas, o uso de material vegetal resistente pode ser uma boa alternativa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar clones resistentes a esses ácaros, e assim, contribuir para o estabelecimento de estratégias de manejo dessas pragas na cultura. Os experimentos foram realizados no município de Votuporanga (SP), em área com plantas dispostas em um delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram coletadas folhas dos clones RRIM 600, PB 260, PB 330, PB 28/59, IAC 15, IAC 35, IAC 40, IAC 300, IAN 3156 e IRCA 111, mensalmente, para contagem dos ácaros em laboratório. A contagem foi realizada em oito folíolos por parcela, em duas áreas de 1 cm² por folíolo, na página superior para C. heveae e na página inferior para T. heveae. Os níveis de desfolhamento observados foram avaliados com uma escala de notas de 0 (ausência de desfolhamento) a 4 (acima de 75%). O clone RRIM 600 foi utilizado como genótipo-padrão de suscetibilidade. Com base nos valores de número médio de ácaros por cm² e notas de desfolhamento, os clones IAC 15, IAC 40, IAC 300, IAN 3156 e PB 28/59 foram considerados resistentes por não preferência e/ou antibiose a C. heveae e T. heveae. O clone IRCA 111 foi tolerante a C. heveae.
Estado nutricional e teor de glicosídeos cianogênicos em plantas de seringueira
Authors: Moraes Larissa Alexandra Cardoso , Moreira Adônis , Tsai Siu Mui
Published: August 2011

A presença de altos teores de glicosídeos cianogênicos pode predispor a planta ao secamento de painel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência do estado nutricional na formação dos glicosídeos cianogênicos na seringueira, utilizando dois experimentos: a) jardim clonal com copa de híbridos de Hevea pauciflora e H. guianensis var. marginata (CPAA C 01) e de H. rigidifolia (CPAA C 81); e b) viveiro com H. brasiliensis. No jardim clonal foram coletadas ao acaso, folhas de 23 plantas, enquanto no viveiro, foi realizado experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualisado com cinco repetições, com tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com duas doses de nitrogênio - N (0,8 e 1,6%, fonte: uréia) e quatro de manganês - Mn (0, 10, 50 e 100 mg kg-1). Na seringueira, independentemente da idade e da espécie de Hevea, os teores foliares de N, Mn e clorofila tiveram correlação positiva com o HCNp das folhas novas e diagnóstico, podendo assim serem utilizados em futuros processos de seleção. Em concentrações baixas de N (0,8%), as doses de Mn influenciaram a absorção de N, P, K, Ca, S, Fe e Mn pelas plantas de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis), na fase de viveiro.
Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) em porta-enxertos micropropagados de videira
Authors: Anzanello Rafael , Souza Paulo Vitor Dutra de , Casamali Bruno
Published: August 2011

O uso de fungos micorrízicos na produção de mudas de videira é importante alternativa para acelerar o desenvolvimento inicial das plantas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento de dois FMA sobre o crescimento vegetativo de três porta-enxertos (PE) de videira. Foram utilizados os FMA Glomus etunicatum e Scutellospora heterogama e os PE SO4, Paulsen 1103 e 043-43. Os PE, oriundos de micropropagação, foram transferidos e aclimatizados em copos plásticos de 300 mL e após 58 dias transplantados para sacos plásticos de 2 L de capacidade, contendo como substrato uma mistura de casca de arroz carbonizada e Plantmax® na proporção de 1:1 v/v. Utilizaram-se, como inóculo, 20 g de solo rizosférico mais fragmentos de raízes contendo as estruturas dos FMA, adicionados ao substrato na fase de aclimatização. Aos 135 dias após inoculação, foram avaliadas as massas de matéria fresca e seca das raízes e parte aérea, comprimento de raízes e parte aérea, diâmetro de colo e teores de nutrientes da parte aérea. Os FMA Glomus etunicatum e Scutellospora heterogama proporcionaram melhor nutrição e maior crescimento vegetativo dos porta-enxertos de videira, se comparadas as plantas testemunhas. Os benefícios oriundos da simbiose dependeram da combinação específica entre o isolado fúngico e a variedade de porta-enxerto utilizada, sendo o 043-43 beneficiado preponderantemente pelo FMA Glomus etunicatun e o SO4 e Paulsen 1103 por Glomus etunicatum e Scutellospora heterogama.
Variabilidade espacial de propriedades dendrométricas do eucalipto e de atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho
Authors: Rosa Filho Gilberto , Carvalho Morel de Passos e , Montanari Rafael , Silva Janete Motta da , Siqueira Glécio Machado , Zambianco Edmar Casarin
Published: August 2011

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a variabilidade espacial de atributos de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake) e atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico em Selvíria (MS). A área de estudo possui cerca de 1,98 ha e as amostras de planta e solo foram coletadas em uma grade de amostragem contendo 122 pontos sendo: 84 pontos com espaçamento regular de 15 m e 38 pontos com espaçamento regular de 5 m. Os atributos de planta e solo analisados foram: perímetro na altura do peito, altura da planta, volume de madeira, resistência do solo à penetração e o teor de água no solo. Os atributos das plantas de eucalipto apresentaram moderada variabilidade espacial, ao passo que os atributos do solo apresentaram variabilidade moderada (RP3) e forte (RP1). O modelo exponencial foi o que mais se adequou para os ajustes dos atributos de planta e solo estudados. A correlação linear simples mostrou haver baixa correlação entre os atributos de Eucalyptus urophylla e os atributos físicos do solo.
Tendências na variabilidade climática sazonal e anual das temperaturas máxima e mínima do ar no Estado do Paraná
Authors: Minuzzi Rosandro Boligon , Caramori Paulo Henrique , Borrozino Edmirson
Published: August 2011

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade sazonal e anual das temperaturas máxima e mínima do ar no Estado do Paraná. A Análise de Regressão e o teste de Kendall foram utilizados para testar a tendência das médias de temperatura máxima e mínima, do número de dias com registros de temperatura inferior a 3 °C, dos eventos extremos e valores absolutos diários da temperatura máxima e mínima nas escalas sazonal (verão, outono, inverno e primavera) e anual. Os pontos de descontinuidade obtidos pelo Teste de Homogeneidade Normal Padrão mostram resultados mais expressivos para a temperatura máxima anual e no outono. Para esta variável meteorológica os pontos foram obtidos predominantemente no início da década de 2000. Na temperatura máxima anual e, principalmente na temperatura mínima, em todas as escalas de tempo, houve tendência de aumento. Esse aumento relativamente maior da temperatura mínima sugere uma diminuição na amplitude térmica no Paraná. Os valores dos extremos diários da temperatura mínima estão sendo maiores, porém, menos freqüentes. Por outro lado, as temperaturas máximas têm sido mais intensas e freqüentes, especialmente na primavera.
Resposta de testes de hipersensibilidade tardia utilizando PPD e outros antígenos em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis e infectados pelo HIV-1 e vacinados com BCG
Authors: Costa Natalia Moriya Xavier da , Albuquerque Maly de , Lins Janaína Bacelar Acioli , Alvares-Junior João Teixeira , Stefani Mariane Martins de Araújo
Published: August 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: A contagem de células CD4+ representa marcador da resposta imune celular em pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1. Testes cutâneos de hipersensibilidade tardia (DTH) podem ser empregados para avaliar in vivo respostas celulares a antígenos comuns. MÉTODOS: DTH para derivado proteico purificado de tuberculina (PPD), esporotriquina, tricofitina, candidina e estreptoquinase/estreptodornase foram realizados. Foram testados crianças/adolescentes infectados pelo HIV-1 (n=36) e indivíduos saudáveis (n=56), soronegativos para HIV-1/HIV-2 pareados por sexo-idade, todos com cicatriz vacinal por BCG. Teste exato de Fisher foi aplicado (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Entre as crianças/adolescentes infectados pelo HIV-1, mediana de idade=8,1 anos; 20/36 eram do sexo masculino; 35 casos de transmissão vertical; 34 casos de AIDS sob terapia antirretroviral; mediana de carga viral = 3.04lc10 cópias/ml; mediana de contagem de células CD4+ = 701 células/μl. Entre os infectados e saudáveis a reatividade DTH a pelo menos um dos antígenos foi, respectivamente, 25% (9/36) e 87,5% (49/56) (p<0,001). Reatividade à candidina predominou nos infectados (8/36, 22%) e ao PPD nos indivíduos saudáveis (40/56, 71,4%). A reatividade ao PPD entre infectados foi de 8,3% (p<0,01). A mediana da induração ao PPD foi 2,5mm (variação: 2-5mm) entre infectados e 6,0mm (variação: 3-15mm) entre os saudáveis. Não observamos correlação entre positividade ao PPD e idade. No grupo de infectados, não observamos correlação entre contagens de células CD4+ e reatividade ao DTH. CONCLUSÕES: Respostas DTH significativamente diminuídas, incluindo a reatividade ao PPD foram observadas em crianças/adolescentes infectados pelo HIV-1 comparadas com controles saudáveis, provavelmente refletindo doença avançada e supressão da imunidade mediada por células T.
Investigação da ocorrência da Mansonella ozzardi no Estado de Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental
Authors: Basano Sergio de Almeida , Camargo Juliana de Souza Almeida Aranha , Vera Luana Janaína de Souza , Velasques Suzane Neves , Ogawa Guilherme Maerschner , Medeiros Jansen Fernandes , Fontes Gilberto , Camargo Luís Marcelo Aranha
Published: August 2011

INTRODUÇÃO: Mansonella ozzardi é uma filária humana que tem como vetor dípteros simulídeos e é amplamente distribuída na Amazônia. Não há informações sobre a ocorrência de casos de mansonelose no Estado de Rondônia, e neste trabalho procurou-se investigar a situação epidemiológica desta parasitose em áreas urbanas e ribeirinhas na Amazônia Ocidental. MÉTODOS: Foram examinados 4.452 moradores às margens dos rios Madeira, Mamoré, Guaporé, Machado e Preto em Rondônia, através da técnica da gota espessa de sangue. Capturou-se às margens do rio Machado e Guaporé 2.112 simulídeos adultos das espécies Cerqueirellum pydanieli e Chirostilbia pertinax. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas pessoas infectadas com M. ozzardi e foram encontradas diferentes espécies de simulídeos com potencial de transmissão da mansonelose. CONCLUSÕES: Não foram encontrados indivíduos infectados com M. ozzardi neste estudo. Este fato pode ser explicado pela existência de pacientes com baixas microfilaremias, associado à técnica diagnóstica de baixa sensibilidade utilizada no estudo. Pode-se ainda aventar a possibilidade de ter ocorrido migração insuficiente de pacientes infectados de áreas endêmicas, impossibilitando a implantação da endemia. Estudos posteriores com técnicas diagnósticas mais sensíveis podem ajudar a esclarecer esta questão.