bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRENT TRENDS IN CENTRAL ASIAN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, NADIROVA Gulnar
Published: July 2022

Due to the ongoing global and regional economic, political and social processes, educational systems of several Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan), once being parts of a unified educational system, have been drifting away from each other, transforming in their unique ways, under the pressure of their local circumstances. The article discusses the evolution and the current state of higher education institutions (HEI) in Central Asian countries, concentrating on such topics as the accessibility of tertiary education, its funding, digitalization, global mobility, and accreditation processes. The systems are analyzed and compared within the given categories. The purpose of this article is to characterize some trends in the development of higher education systems in these countries, which are characteristic of the current period of their political and social development.
Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Adult Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Khan Muhammad Aasim , Jan Habibullah , Khan Muhammad Omar , Hanif Mohammad , Hassan Tariq , Khurshid Liaqat
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: Celiac disease is a gastrointestinal condition that is chronic and mediated by an immunological reaction to gluten present in different grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. Studies document that the incidence of celiac disease within the Pakistani population to be 29.3% and is highly prevalent among the younger age groups. Iron deficiency anemia is a major cause of anemia around the world, especially in developing countries such as Pakistan. Anemia has been acknowledged to be one of the major manifestations of celiac disease worldwide. This study will aim to assess the incidence and burden of celiac disease among the known anemic adult population of due to iron deficiency in tertiary care hospitals of Khyber Pakhtoonkhaw. Methodology: A cross-section study was conducted in the department of Gastroenterology Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi and Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre Hayatabad, Peshawar during the period of six months from May 2021 to October 2021. Participants were recruited after assessment of criteria. All recruited participants were anemic and underwent extensive serological assessment for screening of celiac disease. For confirmation of celiac disease duodenal biopsies were performed at five different levels. Results: 5.4% of the participants (n= 108) were found to have positive results for screening of IgA tTG. 38% of these participants (n= 41) showed IgA tTG ranging between 20 – 79 who were found negative for IgA EMA. These participants were kept on a gluten-free diet for the following 6 months and were scheduled on a recall assessment after 6 months and then 1 year of diet. On follow up duodenal biopsies were performed for these participants and the outcomes were classified as Marsh 0. These participants comprising 38% of IgA tTG screening were discarded from the possible suspect of celiac disease.The remaining 62% (n= 67) population of positive IgA tTG screening test, comprising 3.35% of the entire recruited population had values for IgA tTG of greater than 100 and showed positive results in serology reports of IgA EMA. All 67 participants who tested positive underwent duodenal endoscopy on five sites for a definite diagnosis of celiac disease and were found to be celiac disease positive Conclusion: The study concludes that the prevalence of the celiac disease among the anemic population is high, and anemia can be considered an extra gastric manifestation of celiac disease. Majority of identified participants were female and shows a predilection for female susceptibility. Keywords: Iron deficiency, Celiac disease, Prevalence, Correlation.
Analysis of Vitamin D Levels in Vaccinated and Non Vaccinated Pregnant Women with Covid-19
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Bajwa Saira , . Ghazala , Faisal Muhammad , Mehmood Bushra
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research is to examine the levels of vitamin D in pregnant women who have been vaccinated and those who have not been vaccinated. Study Design: Comparative/Observational study Place and Duration: CMH Bahawalpur.Jun-2019-Feb 2020 Methods: A total of 106 cases of coronavirus illness in pregnant women were reported. Permission to collect detailed demographic information such as age, gestational age, parity, and body mass index was obtained by written informed permission. Women were mostly between the ages of 18 and 42. Patients were grouped into two distinct categories. Group A included 53 people who had vaccinations, whereas group B included 53 women who had not received vaccinations. Serum 25-hydroxy vitaminD3 [25 (OH) D3] levels were measured in all individuals. The levels of vitamin D insufficiency in the two groups were compared. Vitamin D sufficiency was defined as a blood level of >30ng/ml. The full dataset was analyzed by using SPSS 24.0. Results: In group number of primigravida was 24 (45.2%) and in group II 26 (49.1%) cases were. Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was lower in group I 44 (83.01%) patients as compared to group II in 50 (94.3%) cases. In group I, severe deficiency (<10ng/ml) was found in 10 (18.9%), deficiency (10-20ng/ml) were found in 14 (26.4%) and not-sufficient (20-30ng/ml) were in 20 (37.7%) while in group II severe deficiency (<10ng/ml) was found in 15(28.3%), frequency of deficient patients (10-20ng/ml) was 17 (32.1%) and not-sufficient cases (20-30ng/ml) were 18 (33.9%). In group I deficient vitamin D serum levels was 16.03±2.42 and in group II was 13.14±8.41. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, vitamin D insufficiency is more common in pregnant women who have not been vaccinated and is more likely to occur in these women, as well as in non-vaccinated patients who do not have low blood levels. Keywords: Vaccination Pregnancy, Vitamin D, COVID-19
Frequency of HCV in Children with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Shaikh Saba Afzal , Fatima Kiran , Sadiq Muhammad Adnan , . Ibrahim , Alreshidi Fatmah Fahad , Almughais Ebtehaj Saud
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of HCV in children presented with thalassemia major. Study Design: Retrospective/Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: Islamic international medical college Riphah university, From March, 2021 to August, 2021 Methods: There were 72 children with ages 3-15 years were presented in this study. Age, gender, and weight were tallied after informed written permission was obtained from each participant. Both the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based fast immunochromatographic technique and the chemiluminescence assay utilizing the Abbott method were used in order to test the blood samples of all thalassemia patients for the presence of antibodies against HCV.SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 72 cases, majority of the children were males 40 (55.6%) and 32 (44.4%) cases were females. Mean age of the patients was 11.14+7.49 years and had mean weight 30.6+3.31 kg. Majority of the cases were from urban areas. Frequency of HCV was found among 26 (36.1%) cases in which majority of the cases were males 16 and 10 cases were females. Among 26 cases of HCV positive, blood transfusion, dental procedures and ear piercing was the most common cause found. Conclusion: In this study we concluded that the frequency of HCV among major thalassemia patients were higher found in 36.1% cases and majority were males. Among HCV patients dental procedures and ear piercing among females were the most common causes. Keywords: HCV, Thalassemia major, Children, Dental procedures
Assessment of Clinical Presentation and Prognosis of Patients with Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure among Participants Admitted in the Intensive Care Units of Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Asim Maliha , Sarwar Almas , Anwar Adeel , Hamid Muhammad , Amer Amber , Javaid Usman
Published: July 2022

Background: Acute chronic liver failure can be defined as a disease that is characterized as spontaneous deterioration of hepatic liver decompensation that was previously suffering from chronic liver conditions along with one or more than one organ failure extra hepatically which will consequently result in a risk of mortality. This study will focus on assessing the clinical and biochemical disease, cause, and outcomes of acute on chronic liver failure. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 acute-on-chronic liver failure patients in the department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi and Lahore General Hospital of Pakistan from July 2021 to December 2021. Participants recruited for the study were presented with chronic liver disease with cirrhosis. Participants were divided into two groups, following admission into ward and the ICU. The participants were further divided into three groups according to acute on chronic liver failure. Patients were assessed for clinical outcomes and biochemical profiles of participants. Results: The outcomes of this study showed the primary etiology of chronic liver disease. The majority of participants forming group 2 of ICU had etiology of viral hepatitis C with a prevalence of 90% (n =27). The prevalence of viral hepatitis C etiology among participants was 96.7% with a number of participants being 29 of 30 in group 1. The most common aggravating factor for liver failure was bacterial origin in both ICU and ward with a prevalence of 80% and 76% respectively in both groups (n =24, n =23). The most common aggravating factor was observed to be a spontaneous bacterial infection in group two with a prevalence of 70% (n =21), whereas group one participants showed a prevalence of 63.3% (n= 19). The most common cause of organ failure among acute on chronic failure was most highly seen in the renal system with a prevalence of 60% among group 2 participants (n =18), whereas the incidence in group 1 was seen in 25 participants with a prevalence of 83.8%. Conclusion: The study concludes that the most common cause of the chronic liver disease is hepatitis c virus followed by hepatitis B virus. The most common aggravating factor for acute on chronic liver failure was spontaneous bacterial infection followed by a chest infection. The most common organ failure seen in participants was renal failure followed by cerebral failure. Keywords: Clinical Presentation, Prognosis, Acute-on-chronic liver failure, Intensive care unit
Laparoscopic Port Insertion Modifications According to the Surgeons Competency
Authors: Bajwa Saira , . Ghazala , Ahmad Muhammad , Mehmood Bushra , Faisal Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of current study is to determine the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic port insertion modifications according to the surgeons competency. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. Jan-2019-July 2019 Methods: There were 88 patients of both genders were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 17-55 years. Data on the recruited patients' age, gender, and BMI were compiled after informed written permission was obtained. Indication of surgery was observed first and all of the patients were underwent for laparoscopic surgery port insertion either open or closed . Post-operative efficacy, complication and frequency of mortality was calculated within a duration of 2-months. SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze all data. Results: Among 88 patients, 88 (54.4%) were males and 40 (45.6%) were females. The mean age of the cases were 35.14±11.34 years and had mean BMI 22.6±1.19 kg/m2. Most common indication was inguinal hernia found in 35 (39.8%), appendicitis found in 28 (31.8%) patients, cholelithiasis in 15 (17.05%), varicocele in 6 (6.8%) and benign masses in 4 (4.5%) patients. In 70 (79.5%) patients laparoscopic closed technique was applied and 18 (20.5%) received open technique. Mean time of port insertion was 3.8±5.51 minutes in closed laparoscopy while in open laparoscopy mean time was 2.5±.4.31 minutes. Overall difficult entry was found among 20 (22.7%) cases. Post-operative rate of complications was found among 4 (4.5%) patients in which port site seroma, intraperitoneal injury and infection was the most common. No any mortality found in this study. Patients satisfaction rate was 80 (90.9%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that laparoscopic port insertion technique was an effective in terms of less operative time, surgeons competency, low rate of mortality and fewer post-operative complications among patients underwent for surgery with different type of diseases. Keywords: Inguinal Hernia, Laparoscopic Port Insertion, Complications, Efficacy
Efficacy Comparison of Intralesional inj.Interferon Alpha 2B (2 MU) against Intralesional Inj.Interferon Alpha 2B (3 MU) in Treatment of Peyronie’s Disease
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Zahid , Ashraf Muhammad Sabir , Asif Muhammad , Ahmed Nauman , Khan Shahjehan , Channa Aftab Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Introduction: In Peyronie’s Disease, fibrous plaque is formed which has an excessive amount of collagen, fibroblastic proliferation and elastin framework alteration. Objective: To compare the effect of Intralesional Inj.Interferon alpha 2b (2 MU) against Intralesional Inj. Interferon alpha 2b (3 MU) on plaque size, penile deviation, erectile function and pain during erection in patients having Peyronie's disease Methods: It was comparative interventional/longitudinal study, conducted at Department of Urology, Kot Khawaja Saeed hospital, Lahore and Department of Urology, DHQ hospital Sheikhupura. Total 30 Patients of Peyronie's disease in Urology OPD were enrolled. Patients were randomized into two groups by online random number generator. Results: In Group-A, after therapy, mean plaque length was decreased from 9.9±2.4 to 8.8±2.1 mm and mean plaque width was decreased from 4.2±0.9 mm to 3.8±0.4 mm, mean penile curvature was decreased from 34.1°±8.4° to 26.2°±7.2°, mean IIEF score was improved from 35.1±11.4 to 46.2±10.6, and mean pain score was decreased from 4.2±1.1 to 3.4±0.7. In Group-B, after therapy, mean plaque length was decreased from 10.7±2.6 to 7.3±1.8 mm and mean plaque width was decreased from 4.3±0.7 mm to 3.0±0.3 mm, mean penile curvature was decreased from 35.4°±7.9° to 20.1°±6.3°, mean IIEF score was improved from 36.3±12.4 to 59.8±12.6, and mean pain score was decreased from 4.1±1.0 to 1.9±0.6. Conclusion: Intralesional inj. Interferon alpha-2b (3MU) is more effective than Intralesional inj. Interferon alpha-2b (2MU) for reducing plaque size, pain, and penile deviation, and for improvement in erectile dysfunction in patients with Peyronie's disease. Keywords: Peyronie’s disease, Interferon alpha 2b, Fibrous plaque
Gender Differences in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Insights from the Coronary Angiography
Authors: Ahmed Faizan , , Shabir Mohsin
Published: July 2022

Background: The data from the prior studies have reported inconsistencies in the comorbidity burden, and baseline risk profile. Objective: The data provide insights into the sex difference in percutaneous coronary interventions. Study design: It is a retrospective study with statistical approach, conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. Material and Methods: The study was conducted from December 2021 to May 2022. The 400 patients visited the cardiology department of the hospital were included in the study. The selected patients were enrolled in the coronary angiography. The data was collected from cardiology department of two hospitals and analyzed. The ethical and review committee of the hospital approved the study. The informed consent was taken from the selected patients. The data contains demographic features, baselines characteristics, hospital complications and PCI course. The patients having residual stenosis of less than 50% after balloon angioplasty were included in the groups rated as successful PCI groups. Results: Out of 400 patients taken from two hospitals there were 50% female. The women included in the study were 5 years older than the male patients. Women were on average 67 years old and men were 72 years old. Women in general had more cases of coronary angiography, also women were reported with cases like diabetes mellitus, and some of the cases reported congestive heart failure. The success of the procedure was more successful in case of women with 95% of female patients receiving successful procedure. Conclusions: The overview of sex linked variations in PCI was observed in this study. The hospital mortality was found to be high in case of women, there was also not significant differences found between hospital mortalities for NSTE-2CS in case of cardiogenic problems Keywords: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), coronary angiography, cardiogenic shock, Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and myocardial infraction.
Post Thrombolytic Angiographic Profile and TIMI Flow in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kumar Anil , Kakar Abdul Wadood , Shaikh Javed Khurshed , Butt Muhammad Hassan , Kalwar Muhammad Hashim , Rizvi Nadeem Hassan
Published: July 2022

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Primary Percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is recommended as a treatment of choice in patients with STEMI but fibrinolysis also remains prevalent as a reperfusion strategy in most of the patients with STEMI presenting to non-PCI capable hospitals where timely PPCI cannot be performed. Objectives: To assess the angiographic characteristics and angiographic success of thrombolysis in terms of TIMI 3 flow in patients who underwent angiography after thrombolysis for STEMI and the factors most commonly associated with unsuccessful thrombolysis. Methods: All 130 hospitalized patients in the department of Cardiology, at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta from 31st July 2021 to 30th November 2021 with an acute ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) diagnosis who received thrombolytics were included in this observational study. We didn't include patients who couldn't benefit from thrombolysis e.g. NSTEMI, contraindication to thrombolytics, and refused fibrinolysis. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed when the patient arrived in ER and a repeat ECG was done 90 minutes after the administration of a thrombolytic agent (streptokinase). To assess the angiographic success of thrombolysis, coronary anatomy, and TIMI flow, we performed coronary angiography in all patients included in this study. Results: The study included 130 patients, 72 of whom had successful thrombolysis and 58 who had unsuccessful thrombolysis. Angiography reported TIMI 3 flow rates of 48(36.9%). Subjects in the unsuccessful thrombolysis group had the single-vessel disease in 29 (50%) and a multi-vessel disease was found in 19 (32.75%) of the patients. Patients with successful thrombolysis had Single vessel disease 6 (19.3%), Multivessel disease 1 (3.2) It was observed that patients with diabetes mellitus had a significant rise in the number of failed thrombolysis compared to those without diabetes mellitus (p<0.005). It was also observed that anterior wall MI was significantly at risk for a failure in thrombolysis (82.1%) compared to inferior wall MI (17.8%). Conclusions: Effective thrombolysis was more prevalent than failed thrombolysis in our study. This data reiterates the utility of thrombolysis in resource-limited settings. Patients with diabetes, anterior wall MI, and delay in the presentations of the patients have a higher risk of thrombolysis failure. Type B lesions and multivessel disease were also prevalent in subjects with unsuccessful thrombolysis. According to the findings of this study, screening for risk factors before starting thrombolysis can aid in the development of alternative treatment methods that reduce failure rates and redirect resources to more successful treatment options. Keywords: Post thrombolytic; Angiographic Profile, TIMI flow; St-elevation; Myocardial Infarction
Clinical Manifestation and Short-Term Outcome of Emergency Percutaneous Revascularization of Patient with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction at a Rural Satellite Center
Authors: Sahito Sarfraz Hussain , Kanher Muhammad Rafique , Shaikh Javed Khurshed , Ashraf Tariq , Khan Rizwan , Hulio Amjad Ali
Published: July 2022

Background: In Pakistan, the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients is among the highest in the world. A patient's rate of morbidity and mortality depends greatly on the time that passes during ACS, especially in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients (STEMI). Objectives: This research aimed to assess the spectrum of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and factors leading to delay in presentation and treatment to evaluate its impact on the short-term outcome in patients presenting to a rural satellite center of NICVD at Khairpur, Pakistan. Material & Methods: This observational study was conducted on 400 patients at the Department of Adult Cardiology at Kharipur Satellite Center of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Pakistan for six months. All patients presenting to ER with ACS whose age was ≥18 years were included. Participants' informed consents were obtained verbally and confidentiality was maintained in regards to their participation in and publication of findings from the study. Consecutive patients presenting with ACS to the satellite center of NICVD at Khairpur, Pakistan were included in this research. Baseline characteristics were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 25). Results: A total of 400 (295 males and 105 females) patients with ACS were included. The mean age was 63.3 ± 11.5 (range 40-70) years, 42.5% had low SES, 35.0% had mid-SES, and 22.5% had high SES.159 (39.8%) patients were from the urban area and 241(60.2%) were from a rural region. However, age, smokers, hypertension, dyslipidemia, area of residence, obesity, diabetic Mellitus, and atrial fibrillation were found to be significant factors associated with socioeconomic status for the acute coronary syndrome. (p-value = <0.05) The epicardial coronary disease was significantly less common in individuals with a high SES compared to those with a mid or low SES. We observed that mode of transport may be a significant cause of death (p-value = <0.0001) because of late arrival to the hospital. In our research, we showed 7.8% 30-day mortality out of total samples. Area of residence, mode of transport, 30-day mortality, OS-ECG (in min), and inferior and anterior STEMI were found to be significantly associated factors (p-value = <0.05). Conclusion: Even though the low-SES STEMI patients at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Khairpur show more adverse clinical and cardiovascular risk factors than patients from urban areas with higher SES. The 30-day mortality for these patients is comparable to the higher-SES patients. Keywords: Clinical manifestation, short-term outcome, percutaneous revascularization, STEMI, myocardial infarction, rural areas.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Patients Presenting with Complex Renal Stones at SIUT
Authors: Mahar Naveed Ahmed , Qureshi Harris Hassan , Memon Mohsin Mustafa , Kalhorro Ghullam Mustafa , Kalwar Sara Rasheed , Hassan Asad Shahzad
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The link between stone formation and urinary tract infections (UTIs) is complicated; research has primarily focused on bacteria's potential to stimulate the formation of kidney stones. Infective urolithiasis has long been thought to be the result of a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria, most commonly belonging to the Proteus genus. Staghorn stone, which is characterised by a massive calculus entirely occupying the renal pelvicalyceal system, is one of the most common kinds of infective lithiasis. This study can serve in identifying the risk of UTI in a patient with complex renal stones, as well as preventing and intervening early. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among patients with complex renal stones who were sent to the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation. Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation's out-patient urology department. This study included a total of 113 patients with complex renal stones. Culture and sensitivity (C/S) tests were performed on a urine sample supplied to the SIUT microbiology lab. The C/S results were gathered and categorized as positive or negative according to the operational criteria. Results: The patients' average age was 30.83±8.29 years. There were 45 females (39.82 %) and 68 males (60.18 %). A urinary tract infection was observed in 22.12 % (25/113) of patients with complex renal stones. Conclusion: We discovered a high prevalence of urinary tract infection in individuals with complex renal stones, and we propose that patients with acute nephrolithiasis have urine cultures taken and be monitored closely. Empiric therapy should be considered for patients with pyuria, women, or those with clinical characteristics suggestive of infection if sensitivity to diagnose urinary tract infection is to be prioritized because of the potentially serious consequences of under-treatment Keywords: Nephrolithiasis, Urinary tract infections, Complex renal stones, Staghorn Stones.
Covid-19 and Spousal Violence against Women in Pakistan: A Web based Cross Sectional Study on Financial Anxieties and Rising Levels of Intimate Partner Violence during the Pandemic
Authors: Shehzadi Kiran , Rubab Iram , Jabeen Ayesha , , Iqbal Usman Javed , Iqbal Rabia Javed , Munir Sidra
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Spousal violence against women has emerged as a ‘Shadow Pandemic’ during these times (Covid-19).This study was designed to investigate the interplay of socio-demographic factors and economic distress with spousal violence during the lockdown in Pakistan. Methods: A web based cross-sectional study was carried out to test the assumptions. 200 participants (100 women and 100 men) were selected through snowball sampling technique. A questionnaire containing demographic information, a composite abuse scale, and financial stress scale were adapted. Data was collected through Google Forms. Results: The results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship among partner violence against women, financial anxiety (r=.60, p<0.001), job insecurity (r=.48, p<0.001), and preserving of financial wellbeing (r=.32, p<0.001). Hierarchal Regression analysis revealed that financial anxiety and efforts to maintain financial wellbeing to be positive predictors of partner violence against women. The results of the study revealed maintaining financial wellbeing to be a significant positive mediator between partner violence and financial anxiety; whereas, life satisfaction was found to be a non-significant mediator. Conclusion: The findings of the study conclude that financial anxiety and assuring financial wellbeing tend to increase partner violence during pandemics and beyond. Keywords:Covid-19, Domestic violence, Economic loss, Public Health
Pre-Marital Screening: Thalassemia Trait and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
Authors: Ghafoor Muhammad Bilal , Khan Sana , Sarwar Faiza , Leghari Muhammad Saleem , Babar Saleha , Irfan Qazi Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Objective: β- thalassemia Minor (BTM) and Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) are the main causes of microcytic hypochromic anemias currently in Asian subcontinent. Healthcare facilities in Pakistan have to encounter massive number of patients with anemias every day, where we need to distinguish between (IDA) and (BTM). A number of discrimination indices have been suggested for rapid differentiation of these entities over parameters achieved from automated blood-count analyzers. Objective. To determine the prevalence of β-thalassemia and IDA amongst the unmarried youngsters of Rahim Yar Khan. Methods: A cross-sectional study performed in Sheikh Zayed Medical College/Hospital Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan in 04 months from October 2021 to February 2022, 506 unmarried youngsters were included in the study. CBC, Serum Ferritin and Hb Electrophoresis were performed in Hematology Section, Pathology Department of SZMC Rahim Yar Khan. Results: Out of 506 subjects, the prevalence of beta thalassemia trait was found 3.3% in males followed by 2.2% in females whereas the prevalence of IDA was 1.7% in males followed by 1.3% in females. Conclusion: These results indicates that intensive education and awareness strategies are necessary to increase consumption of iron-rich dietary sources. This screening program is beneficial in prevention of high-risk marriages. Screening of spouses by pre-marital screening program is an actual way to control β-thalassemia major. Keywords: βeta-thalassemia trait (BTT), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), premarital screening.
Comparison of Anterior-Cruciate Ligament Tear in Adults and Adolescent Patients
Authors: Momin Agha , Raza Muhammad Shahbaz , Saeed Kamran , Bhurgri Sikander Ali , Mughal Naeem Mehmood
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the anterior-cruciate ligament tear in adults and adolescent patients. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedics, Pak Red Crescent Medical & Dental College, Dina Nath from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients were enrolled and they divided into two groups, each having 50 patients. Group I had patients within the age group 12-20 years while in Group II had patients within the age of >20 years. Demographic details of each patient and their clinical history was recorded. A radiological information system applied for imaging interpretation with neutral-rotation of knee up to 10-15ᵒ flexion. Results: The mean age of group I patients was 17.5±1.5 years and group II patients was 31.2±2.1 years with more males between both groups than females. There were 19 right and 31 left knees in group I and 21 right and 29 left knees in group II respectively. The tibial-internal rotation had a comparatively significant degree increase in group II in comparison with group I. Conclusion: In adults the tibial-internal rotation had a comparatively significant degree increase than adolescents. Keywords: Anterior-cruciate ligament, Knee, Tibial rotation
Hydronephrotic Kidney Assessment via Ultrasonography
Authors: Das Bhagwan , Daseja Kailash Kumar , . Inayatullah , Rasul Muhammad Rashid , Phul Akhtar Hussain , Memon Imran Khan
Published: July 2022

Objective: To assess hydronephrotic kidney assessment via ultrasonography. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st August 2020 to 31st September/2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients visited for the complaint and suspicion of hydronephrosis and within them 40 patients were diagnosed with hydronephrosis. The both kidneys were examined in the longitudinal as well as transvers planes of scanning using colored Doppler technique in ultrasonography. In older age patients a curved-array transducer having centered frequencies (3-6 MHz) was applied while in case of younger patients’ linear array-transducer was used with high entre frequencies. Results: The age of the patients was between 12-72 years with more elderly patients than youngsters. Most of the patients were males rather than females. Ureteropelvic obstruction in junction, primary megaureter as well as urethral valve involvement was observed in ultrasound imaging of hydronephrotic pediatric kidney. End stage hydronephrosis was presented in adult patients with cortical thining. Conclusion: Ureter and kidney stone appeared to be a common reason of hydronephrosis. Keywords: Hydronephrosis, Ultrasonography, Blockage, Calculi
Determine the Frequency of Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients and its Relationship with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rahman Faisal , Shireen Maria , Aslam Imran
Published: July 2022

Background: Hypertension plays an important role in the development of secondary comorbidity in the patients. It is also noted that it also plays a role in the onset of diabetes among the patients. Objective: To evaluate the blood pressure control among hypertensive patients and its relationship with diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Social Security Teaching Hospital, Ferozpur Road Lahore from 1stMarch 2021 to 31stAugust 2021. Methodology: Two hundred and twenty seven patients with hypertension between 16-60 years of age of either gender were enrolled. Two readings of blood pressure of the patient was measured in supine position from brachial artery 20 minutes apart by the researcher himself and control of blood pressure was noted. Patients were assessed for having diabetes mellitus. Results: The mean age was 38.19±8.93 years and 117 (51%) were males and 110 (49%) were females. Forty four (19.4%) cases were having good blood pressure control. Eighty (35%) cases were having the diabetes mellitus. There were 20 (25%) cases who have diabetes and blood pressure control while 24 (16.3%) cases did not have diabetes but have blood pressure control with non-significant difference. Conclusion: Majority of patients had poor blood pressure control and there was a statistically non-significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and blood pressure control among hypertensive. Keywords: Blood pressure, Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, Smoking
Comparison of Frequency of Rapid Virological Response in Patients of Hepatitis C being Treated with 25-OH Vitamin D along with Sofosbuvir/Ribavirin with Those Treated with Sofosbuvir/Ribavirin only
Authors: Khan Jamila , Adil Noreen , Naseer Aqsa , Asif Muhammad , Sabir Asma , Fatima Sadia
Published: July 2022

Background: Hepatitis C is the leading cause of liver damage that lead to death if left untreated. Sofosbuvir has recently attained enormous success due to high rate of virological response. Recent studies have shown that addition of vitamin D to antiviral therapy improves the efficacy of treatment in patients with Hepatitis C. Objective: To compare the frequency of virological response in hepatitis C patients treated with vitamin D along with sofosbuvir plus ribavirin to those treated with sofosbuvir plus ribavirin only Study Design: Randomized-controlled-trial Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from 1st November 2017 to 30th April 2018. Methodology: One hundred patients of chronic hepatitis C were included. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; group A receiving vitamin D along with sofosbuvir plus ribavirin and group B receiving sofosbuvir plus ribavirin therapy only. Patients were treated for 6 months and their RVR was monitored. Results: The mean age of patients in combination group was 39.0±12.92 years and in control group were 36.66±13.80years. After 4 weeks, RVR (no HCV RNA detected on PCR) was achieved in 31 (62%) cases in combination group while in 19 (38%) cases there was still HCV RNA present. In control group, RVR could be achieved in 18 (36%) cases while in 32 (64%) cases, RVR could not be achieved. The difference was significant between both groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The addition of vitamin D can help in achieving RVR in >50% cases within 4 weeks. So addition of vitamin D in standard therapy may help to improve the quality of treatment. Keywords: Rapid virological response, Hepatitis C, 25-OH vitamin D, Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin
Genetic Variation in Cardiac Troponin T Gene TNNT2 in Iraqi Patients with Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mutlag Majida H. , Yenzeel Jabbar H. , Subhi Mahmood R.
Published: July 2022

Cardiomyopathy is an affliction of the heart muscle that can result in heart failure.It comes in a variety of phenotypes, such as dilated, hypertrophic, and restricted. This study was aimed to investigate the polymorphism in cardiac Troponin T gene TNNT2 in Iraqi patients with cardiomyopathy. Eighty-two diagnosed cardiomyopathy adult patients with age range between (20-70) years, and thirty healthy with same range, were involved in this study during their attendance at Ibn Al- Bitar Center for Cardiac Surgery. The patients were diagnosed by an expert cardiologists based on ECG changes, Echocardiogram, chest x ray. The study was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021, and approved by ethical committees.: CSEC/0920/0052, September 15, 2020 of department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad. Sequencing of the PCR products was performed by the genetic analyzer for forward and reverse primers in macrogen company (South korea), to detect the polymorphism in TNNT2 gene in cardiomyopathy patients. DNA was isolated from both groups (patients and control), and amplification of TNNT2 by using new set of primers to amplify 443 bp from (rs74315380, rs74315379) SNPs and 351bp from (rs3729547) SNP for being use in sequencing portion, and target SNPs will be involved in this region. The genotypes frequency of the rs3729547 SNP showed highly significant (p<0.001) different between patients and healthy group. Similarity, there is significant (p<0.05) differences among CC, TC and TT genotypes according to patients and healthy individuals. The SNP rs3729547 genotypes frequency in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) showed significant (p<0.05) different between DCM and HCM patients related to TT genotypes, but not for CC and TC genotypes. Similarity, there is significant (p<0.05) different among CC, CT and TT genotypes according to DCM and HCM patients. Keywords: Cardiomyopathy, Troponin T, TNNT2 gene, rs74315380, rs74315379 and rs3729547.
Correlation of the Second Derivative of Digital Pulse Wave (DPW) with Central Obesity in Women
Authors: Byatee Husain A. Al- , Yasiri Amal Y. M. Al- , Gailani Bassam T. Al-
Published: July 2022

Background: Obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI) or measures of central obesity, including waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference, is related to higher total and cardiovascular mortality. Four systolic waves (a, b, c, and d) and one diastolic wave (e) make up the second derivative of the digital pulse wave (SDPTG), which is obtained by two mathematical differentiation of the original PTG. Objective: To find out whether the (SDDPW) is correlated with central obesity in women. Methods: 55 healthy female subjects with Body Mass Index (31.5±7.3) were included in the current study. A fingertip pulse wave transducer was used to record digital pulse waves. For automatic detection and measurement of A, B, C, D, and E waves and amplitude of the second derivative digital pulse wave, Lab Chart Pro version 7.2 was used. Height and weight were measured. Waist and hip circumference were measured. Brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP & DBP) were measured. Results: The results showed that B/A ratio is positively and significantly affected by central obesity in terms of waist circumference (r = 0.3, P<0.037), and waist/height ratio (r = 0.31, P<0.031). Conclusion: B/A ratio is positively and significantly affected by central obesity. Keywords: Digital pulse wave (DPW), Central obesity, women
Evaluating the Madrasah School System in Lagos State: Transformational Agenda to Meet 21st Century Modern Needs and Realities
Authors: Olaniyan-Shobowale Khadijat
Published: July 2022

The “Madrasah” connotes schools purposely built for the preservation of the Islamic faith. They are schools that made the survival of Islam possible even with the presence of imperialists and colonial masters in Nigeria. These schools scattered all over Africa, have equally gained popularity among the Yoruba populace of Lagos State. However, despite the popularity they enjoy among Muslims, the Madrasah system has yet to gain government recognition, approval and neither does it enjoy acceptance and the goodwill of formal education stakeholders. The main objective of this study was to show case the realities of these schools in relation to their functionality with an aim to transforming them to meet up with contemporary and globalized educational needs of the 21st century society. A Survey research design was adopted with the use of a qualitative approach. Using the incidental sampling technique, 23 popular and notable Arabic schools were selected with the objectives to giving a full description of: their teachers and recruitment system; school management policies / systems; available physical environment and resources as well as the viability of the products of such schools. The study concluded with suggestions and recommendations that include amongst others; the imperativeness of the need for stakeholders’ involvement and a transformative agenda for effective needed change in the system.
Análisis semántico pulsional de dos discursos de Eduardo Frei Montalva en dos períodos históricos
Authors: Orroño Macarena
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación describe trazas del inconsciente en los discursos de Eduardo Frei Montalva, presidente chileno entre 1964 y 1970, con el objetivo de comprender el proceso histórico de la guerra fría y de la dictadura cívico-militar. Se analizan dos discursos enunciados como candidato a la Presidencia de la República y como opositor a la dictadura. Tal como lo establece Levi-Strauss, existe una cercanía entre mito y cosmovisión política, pues ambos permiten comprender e inteligibilizar la realidad. El discurso político es una cosmovisión, una estructura, contiene una implicación simbólica e imaginaria. El análisis se hizo a través de una indagación semántica (identificación simbólica) como pulsional (identificación imaginaria) del texto sonoro. Se evidenció que, para el hablante, el espacio del cuerpo está forcluido durante la dictadura y en plena presencia en la guerra fría, donde el Partido es la figura mediadora que cambiaría el estado de las cosas.
Employing the golden ratio to reach the BFS for T.P.
Authors: Sahib Mohammed S. Abdul , Shiker Mushtak A.K.
Published: July 2022

Transportation problem is critical component of optimization field, as it aims to reduce the total cost of distribution from a set of sources to a set of destinations. Numerous transportation alternatives have been examined in the literature. Certain strategies, such as the northwest corner method (NWC), the low cost method (LCM), and the Vogel approximation method (VAM) were designed to identify the simplest possible solution, while others were designed to identify the optimal solution. The Golden Ratio is employed in this study to approximate the ideal solution. This technique employs the golden ratio to alleviate transportation concerns (1.61803). To begin with, the said ratio is raised to the second lowest cost and we determine the optimal cost of converting amounts from supply to supply peaks, where desired results have been obtained which are solutions that are close to the optimal solution.
Vascular access in emergency hemodialysis patients in remote areas
Authors: Arsatt Maz Isa Ansyori , Setiawan Lalu Muhammad Sabar , Sari Yaumil Agisna
Published: July 2022

The goal of this study was to identify vascular access in patients undergoing emergency hemodialysis in outlying areas at RSU NTB. This study, which was conducted concurrently from secondary data of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who needed emergency hemodialysis through a temporary non-tunnel double-lumen vascular catheter access at the West Nusa Tenggara Regional General Hospital from May 2019 to May 2022, is a quantitative descriptive study using a cross-sectional approach. by including 331 research participants, the majority of them were between the ages of 46 and 55 (n=31.4%), with a male to female ratio of 54.4% to 45.6%. According to this study, hypertension, which affected 158 individuals (n=47.7%) of the research subjects, was the most prevalent ailment. As many as 122 patients (n=36.9%) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have hemodialysis grounds report shortness of breath as their primary complaint. Emergency hemodialysis, which involved 295 patients (n=89.1%) of patients with chronic kidney disease, was the most common reason for hemodialysis, followed by chronic or regular hemodialysis, which involved 30 patients (n=9.1%). In conclusion, comorbidities and clinical symptoms were taken into account when deciding the type of hemodialysis that will be administered.
Pore size distribution of soil treated with different plowing depths and its relationship to the efficiency of water use for corn
Authors: Mahdi Nameer T. , Al-Aridhee Ali H. A.
Published: July 2022

The soil pore size distribution is one of the propertiesthat directly affect water infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, and water holding capacity. Soil tillage often results in an unstable soil structure with an increase in the percentage of drainage pores between soil aggregates, which change with time due to the wetting and drying cycle, soil solution components, agricultural processes, and biological activity, as well as the change of water conductivity with time.In order to test the effect of the plowing depth on the soil pore size distribution, an experiment was carried out in a silty clay loam in the Nile sub-district of Babylon Governorate, south of Baghdad, Iraq, with four plowing depths. The first treatment was No-tillage (T0), and Minimum tillage usingspike pin harrows, at a depth of 0.10 m (T1). The chisel plowwas used for plowing with two depths of 0.20 m and 0.30 m, which represented treatments (T2),and (T3), respectively. Irrigation was carried out by applying three irrigation systems which are surface drip irrigation I1, subsurface drip irrigation I2 and basin irrigation I3.
SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF EZETIMIBE AND ROSUVASTATIN BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES’s Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Farmagudi - 403 401, Goa, India, Nagvenkar Pratiksha , Nazareth Celina , Fernandes Salina
Published: July 2022

A novel UV spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of ezetimibe and rosuvastatin in combined dosage form. Method is based on simultaneous equations method. The wavelengths selected for analysis were λmax of ezetimibe: 231.2 nm and λmax of rosuvastatin: 242 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range 2-40 µg mL-1 for ezetimibe and rosuvastatin, with correlation coefficient (r2) greater than 0.990. Validation of the developed method was as per ICH guidelines. The % assays of ezetimibe and rosuvastatin in tablet formulation complied with acceptance criteria. The developed method thus serves as a powerful quality control tool for simultaneous analysis of the drugs in bulk and in formulation by UV spectroscopy.