bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Russian socio-economic system: realities and vectors of development
Authors: Savchenko Pol' , Alekseev Aleksandr , Ahapkin Nikolay , Bobylev Sergey , Varnavskiy Vladimir , Vilenskiy Aleksandr , Goncharenko Grigoriy , Egorov Evgeniy , Kuranov Gennadiy , Molchanov Igor' , Odincova Elena , Barkovskiy A. , Klepach A. , Kudrov V. , Lavrushin O. , Neshitoy A. , Ol'sevich Yu. , Pushkareva G. , Rzhanicyna L. , Smotrickaya I. , Soboleva I. , Strizhkova L. , Figurnova N. , Cheremnyh Yu. , Chernyh S. , Shlihter A.
Published: July 2020

The monograph reveals the System as a way of development of Russian society, as the balance of the whole and the parts at the macro-, meso - and micro-level, mathematical modeling of the System, freedom and justice, man as a factor of production human capital institutional framework for the development of Russian Systems of state and market regulation, improve planning and forecasting, digitalization, political institutions, social functions of the state, social capital, social trend, demography and family, motivation, labour and entrepreneurship, the institutions of labour market regulation, sustainable and dynamic development of the Russian System in the context of globalization.
Of interest to researchers and practitioners, teachers, graduate students of economic specialties.
O UNIVERSO INFANTIL DE CLARICE LISPECTOR: UMA LEITURA DA ORALIDADE E DO FINAL ABERTO EM O MISTÉRIO DO COELHO PENSANTE
Authors: Duarte Cristina Rothier , Formiga Girlene Marques
Published: July 2020

O mistério do coelho pensante (1967), primeira obra de Clarice Lispector destinada ao público infantil, situa-se cronologicamente, no contexto historiográfico da literatura infantil brasileira, em uma fase marcada por duas principais vertentes: a constituída por produções que buscavam, sem sucesso, seguir o projeto de escrita lobatiana, e a formada por textos originais cujas temáticas giravam em torno da história, do folclore ou do maravilhoso, no entanto já possui marcas estilísticas características de obras publicadas a partir dos anos 70, tais como: o narrador não onisciente, a metaficção, o desfecho aberto, apenas para enumerar algumas características consideradas incomuns para a época. Diante disso, para este artigo, dedicamo-nos ao estudo da oralidade e do final aberto, elementos estéticos empregados pela autora considerados inovadores para o momento em que fora escrita e publicada.
philosophical dialogue with children about complex social issues: a debate about texts and practices
Authors: Williams Steve
Published: July 2020

In this article, I report on my reading of a debate between two practitioners and scholars of philosophy with children – Karin Murris and Darren Chetty. The parts of their exchanges I have chosen to focus on relate to a children's book called Tusk Tusk by David McKee. Their respective arguments raise questions for me about the relationship between the starting text (or stimulus) and issues of importance in the wider world. Although Chetty sees benefits in using picture books, he appears to believe there is an over-reliance on fables and other magical tales and that alternative starting points could be more suitable for exploring complex social issues with historical dimensions. Murris, on the other hand, seems to appreciate the lack of historical perspective that is evident in many of her preferred picture books. She values their  ‘universal’ and ‘magical’ aspects because they stimulate ‘rhizomatic’ dialogues that are spontaneous and non-hierarchical. In this commentary I trace what, to me, are the most significant lines of argument put forward by Chetty and Murris. In response, I suggest some practical ideas for choosing texts and ‘reading against the text’ – a term both writers use. I also ask and answer the question: ‘In sessions of philosophical dialogue, should adults bring to children for consideration issues they regard as important or refrain from doing so?’
from silencing children's literature to attempting to learn from it: changing views towards picturebooks in p4c movement
Authors: Mhosronejad Morteza , Shokrollahzadeh Soudabeh
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates critically the approaches to picturebooks as used in the history of philosophy for children (P4C) movement. Our concern with picturebooks rests mainly on Morteza Khosronejad's broader criticism that children's literature has been treated instrumentally by early founders of P4C, the consequence of which is abolishing the independent voice of this literature (2007). As such it demands that we scrutinize the position of children's literature in the history of this educational program, as well as other genres and forms, including picturebooks as a highly valued artistic-literary form to educationalists. In our inquiry, we probe, therefore, the transition of approaches to picturebooks concomitantly with the investigation of the transition of approaches to children's literature. This research evinces that some later scholars and practitioners of P4C have departed significantly not only from Lipman's approach to children's literature and picturebooks, but also from his conceptualization of childhood and philosophy for children. Meanwhile, it demonstrates that in spite of P4C scholars' taking effective steps to address children's literature in general and picturebooks in particular, there are some steps for them to take in order to fully recognize this literature as an independent branch of knowledge and picturebooks as artistic-literary unique works. While revealing the limitations and paradoxes that P4C scholars continue to deal with, in this article, we see Khosronejad's earlier idea (2007) as a suggestion to overcome the instrumentalization of children's literature and picturebooks in P4C. Fundamental dialogue with children's literature theorists particularly those of picturebooks will open new horizons to the realization of our suggestion.
infâncias, cidade e relações intergeracionais na vida cotidiana
Authors: Tavares Maria tereza Goudard
Published: July 2020

This article derives from my participation in the II Congress of Childhood Studies: Politicizations and Aesthetics, held in September 2019, at UERJ/Maracanã. My speech entitled Childhoods, Culture and Intergenerational Relations in everyday life, was delivered in the conference “The ethnic-racial issue and the generational issue in childhood” having at its core extreme burning issues in Childhood Studies: both ethnic-racial and generational issues, arguing how these intersecting points (Collins, 2017) have effects on the daily life of Brazilian children, especially children from the popular classes who live in the outskirts of the big cities, such as the slums and urban borders of the state of Rio de Janeiro. In this pre-text, I chose to speak of this Other, named the child from the popular classes, the one who lives in the outskirts, in slums and popular areas. Those who, despite being infants deprived of speech, dare to speak among themselves and are spoken of by us, teachers and researchers of childhood. Considering our proposal of establishing conversation as a device for an encounter (Deleuze, 1998), I tried to speak of this Other, using my notes from the day of the conference, and the voices of authors with whom I dialogue in my studies, researches and daily work in different territories of the city (Tavares, 2019), understanding the contemporary city as a place of encounters, both good and bad. Above all, the city is a place of intergenerational meetings where the co-existence is possible.
infancia, impulso y devenir creativo. aproximaciones nietzscheanas
Authors: Alvarez coronado Juan pablo
Published: July 2020

In Nietzschean thought there is a permanent tension between culture and life; both move, many times, in contradictory directions. According to Nietzsche, culture always wins, because it has the Apollonian dimension on its part, that is, that defined, clear, refined way in which it is expressed, understands and transmits what is narrated. The beautiful form is just a way of appearing from the deeply transcendental; it is the tip of a gigantic iceberg called life. Nietzsche is a vitalist thinker, committed to human expression, consisting of wanting, for love of oneself, the same thing that life wants, that is, directing its actions toward the suspension of judgments about the most convenient, most appropriate, politically correct, forms of cutural life. Childhood has an abundance of life pushing to get out--it is the Dionysian latency that does not want to succumb to the Apollonian commitment; it is life without a name, the force that devastates the encystment of form. It is life and childhood in tension, a childhood we think we know and at the same time a childhood that will never match those names we give it. Frequently the impulse for capture and closure mobilizes our adult interest, we approach childhood by naming and assigning roles, we are shaping the account we give of it. The impulse is converted into a pulse, a cadence, a recording, a ticking; Cronos appears, being acquires a permanent form, becoming gradually fades away.
Introduction to complementary and alternative pain management in canines
Authors: Summers Brianna
Published: July 2020

Pain management can easily be overlooked in the overall care of canine patients. Often, oral pain medications are the only means of pain control provided to clients. There are several other options for pain managements in canine patients. There are many benefits to adding additional modes of pain relief to the patient's care regimen, whether they have chronic conditions such as arthritis or a neurological disease, or are recovering from a procedure. Pain control therapies such as: therapeutic laser, targeted pulsed electro magnetic field technology, ultrasound, acupuncture, and massage and passive range of motion combined or individually, neuromuscular electrical stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation, can benefit canine patients greatly in their pain management needs. All of these pain therapies provide unique modes of pain relief in the patient's body.
An analysis of virtual fracture clinics in orthopaedic trauma in the UK during the coronavirus crisis
Authors: Rhind John-Henry , Ramhamadany Eamon , Collins Ruaraidh , Govilkar Siddharth , Dass Debashis , Hay Stuart
Published: July 2020

Virtual fracture clinics (VFC) are advocated by new orthopaedic (British Orthopaedic Association) and National Health Service (NHS) guidelines in the United Kingdom. We discuss benefits and limitations, reviewing the literature, as well as recommendations on introducing a VFC service during the coronavirus pandemic and into the future. A narrative review identifying current literature on virtual fracture clinic outcomes when compared to traditional model fracture clinics in the UK. We identify nine relevant publications related to VFC. The Glasgow model, initiated in 2011, has become the benchmark. Clinical efficiency can be improved, reducing the number of emergency department (ED) referrals seen in VFC by 15–28% and face-to-face consultations by 65%. After review in the VFC, 33–60% of patients may be discharged. Some studies have shown no negative impact on the ED; the time to discharge was not increased. Patient satisfaction ranges from 91–97% using a VFC service, and there may be cost-saving benefits annually of £67,385 to £212,705. Non-attendance may be reduced by 75% and there are educational opportunities for trainees. However, evidence is limited; 28% of patients prefer face-to-face consultations and not all have access to internet or email (72%). We propose a pathway integrating the VFC model, whilst having senior orthopaedic decision makers available in the ED, during normal working hours, to cope with the pandemic. Beyond the pandemic, evidence suggests the Glasgow model is viable for day-to-day practice.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:442-448. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.200041
Technical and mathematical problems of microbiological protection of a manned space vehicle and stations
Authors: STROGONOVA Lubov , PADALKO Sergey , VASIN Yuri , ERMAKOV Alexander
Published: July 2020

During longtime space fights and interplanetary missions among numerous outboard risks, the crew faces onboard microbiological intruders as well. There is no way to send biological tests for the analysis to the Earth in such missions, so special onboard system of methods and activities must solve two different problems: sampling different types of bacteria and fungus and perform independent analysis of collected material without professional microbiologist among the crew and any help from the Earth. So we meet an interesting task to create system that would minimize human factor and rely mostly on computing machinery. In order to use pattern recognition method, we need to perform proper tests sampling and prepare them for the machine analysis. Stereoscopy and spectrometry is the only way to achieve our goal. Apart from tests sampling it is necessary to develop modified mathematical model for pattern recognition of bacteria and fungus, which were found during the flight. For that reason we are making mathematical model, describing microbiological samples. Still, we have a lot of work to do but the result of our research could become common use not only in space sector, but also in clinical medicine as well.
Mathematical modeling of coupled heat transfer on cooled gas turbine blades
Authors: SUN Ying , KOLESNIK Sergey A. , KUZNETSOVA Ekaterina L.
Published: July 2020

The paper presents a physico-mathematical model for determining the heat transfer parameters between viscous gasdynamic flotations and cooled gas turbine blades made using the technology of composite permeable membranes (CPM). The mathematical model includes equations of dynamic and thermal boundary layers taking into account injection, three-dimensional transient heat conduction in CPM cooled frames, complex hydraulic flow and cooling inside the channels of a cooled blade with air taken from the power plant compressor. A complex problem was solved to determine the thermal state of microrocket engines, where a method was proposed for immersing a multiply-connected domain in a region of the simplest form. A new economical, absolutely stable method is proposed for numerically solving of spatial nonstationary heat transfer problems in multiply-connected domains. The results obtained showed greater cooling efficiency at lower cooling medium costs.
Coupled heat transfer between a viscous shock gasdynamic layer and a transversely streamlined anisotropic half-space
Authors: TUSHAVINA Olga V.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is to analytically solve the conjugate problem of heat transfer in a viscous shock layer on a blunt object and thermal conductivity in an anisotropic half-space. A feature of the flow around such bodies near the critical point is that in this case, the boundary layer equations are not satisfied and it is necessary to solve the Navier-Stokes equations together with the equations of continuity, state, and energy, however, in a stationary formulation of an incompressible flow. The problem of coupled heat transfer between a viscous shock gasdynamic layer and anisotropic half-space with the assumption of incompressibility of the gasdynamic flow behind the normal part of the shock wave is posed. An analytical solution to this problem is obtained with a boundary condition at the gas-solid object interface in the form of a parameter – temperature, as well as an analytical solution to the thermal conductivity problem in an anisotropic half-space with the same boundary condition.
Methods of diagnostic of pipe mechanical damage using functional analysis, neural networks and method of finite elements
Authors: KUZNETSOVA Elena L. , FEDOTENKOV Grigory V. , STAROVOITOV Eduard I.
Published: July 2020

The main goal of the study is to analyze methods and diagnose mechanical damage to the pipeline using functional analysis, neural networks and the finite element method. In the work, mathematical formulations of the corresponding geometrical inverse problems of the theory of shells on reconstruction of defects of lateral surface are formulated according to measurement data obtained from sensors located in a given section of the shell. The statement was given and a method for solving inverse geometric problems for a shell of Tymoshenko type was developed. The authors have offered methods for solving inverse geometric problems of identifying volumetric and crack-like defects in extended underground structures and pipelines based on the analysis of responses to unsteady elastic-wave perturbations using the mathematical apparatus of wavelet signal transformation, the finite element modeling method and intelligent software system based on neural network.
PML: a generalized monitor of atmospheric turbulence profile with high vertical resolution
Authors: Chabé Julien , Aristidi Eric , Ziad Aziz , Lantéri Henri , Fanteï-Caujolle Yan , Giordano Christophe , Borgnino Julien , Marjani Mohammed , Renaud Catherine
Published: July 2020

The future generation of extremely large telescopes will be certainly
equipped with wide-field adaptive optics systems. All the components
of such adaptive optics systems have to be precisely specified, and
most of the technical specifications are related to atmospheric
turbulence parameters, particularly the profile of the refractive
index structure constant

C
n
2

(
h
)

. The monitor Profiler of Moon Limb
(PML) for the extraction of the

C
n
2

(
h
)

profile with high vertical
resolution for nighttime and daytime conditions by the observation of
the moon limb or sun edge has been developed and is now routinely
exploited at the Calern Observatory on the French Riviera. The PML
instrument uses a differential method with two small subapertures
through which the moon limb or sun edge are observed, leading to a
continuum of double stars that allows a scan of the whole atmosphere
with high resolution in altitude. The PML is an autonomous instrument
aided by a set of equipment such as an all-sky camera, a small
meteorological station, and an automatic system to cover the two
subapertures with solar filters to switch from night/moon to day/solar
observations. In addition, the PML instrument provides in real time a
large characterization of the atmospheric turbulence since it can
measure other turbulence parameters, such as the total seeing and the
isoplanatic angle.
Physical model of snow precipitation interaction with a 3D lidar scanner
Authors: Roy Gilles , Cao Xiaoying , Bernier Robert , Tremblay Grégoire
Published: July 2020

Snow precipitation interaction with a generic 3D lidar is modeled. The randomness and the intensity of the signal as a function of the visibility and snowflake size and density distribution are reproduced. To do so, a representative snow density distribution is modeled as a function of visibility. Taking into account the laser beam and pulse characteristics, the probability to have one or many snowflakes of a given size in the lidar sampling cell is calculated. Knowing the number and the size of the snowflakes, the magnitude of the lidar signal is calculated. Finally, a filtering algorithm based on the relative intensity of the snowflakes is discussed.
Simultaneous measurement of the BOD concentration and temperature based on a tapered microfiber for water pollution monitoring
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Zu Lijiao , Miao Yinping , Fei Chengwei , Zhang Hongmin , Li Bin , Zhang Kailiang , Liu Fei
Published: July 2020

An optical sensor that simultaneously measures the concentration of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and temperature in water based on a tapered microfiber is proposed for environmental monitoring. The sensor is characterized by a strong evanescent field, which is more sensitive to liquids with a low refractive index and a low transmission loss. The results show that as the BOD concentration increases, the interference spectrum shifts toward longer wavelengths, the spectral loss decreases, and the sensitivities of the BOD are 12.17 nm/mg/mL and

−

2.387

d
B

/

m
g

/

m
L

in the range of 0.25–1 mg/mL, which indicates the extent of the water pollution. The detection limit for the BOD concentration is as low as 0.0016 mg/mL. As the ambient temperature increases, the interference spectrum shifts toward shorter wavelengths, the spectral loss decreases, and the temperature sensitivities are

−

0.339

n
m

/

∘

C

and

−

0.031

d
B

/

∘

C

in the range of 30°C–60°C. The matrix method can be used to achieve the simultaneous measurement of the BOD concentration and environmental temperature because the spectral interference peaks have different responses to these two parameters. The sensor can not only be used for detecting water pollution in rivers, drinking water, and groundwater but can also be utilized for other types of environmental monitoring. This sensor has great potential to act as a basic sensing unit in fiber-optic sensor networks for multiparameter measurements and intelligent monitoring.
Reconfigurable photonic binary phase-coded microwave signal generator with fundamental/subharmonic carrier frequency
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wen Aijun , Tao Yu , Fan Yuting
Published: July 2020

A reconfigurable photonic binary phase-coded microwave signal generator with fundamental/subharmonic carrier frequency is proposed and experimentally investigated based on a dual-electrode dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DE-DPMZM). The local oscillator (LO) signal and coding signal are intensity modulated and phase modulated, respectively, on the two arms of the DE-DPMZM. The bias voltage of the intensity modulator is set to the quadrature or maximum working points to produce fundamental or subharmonic frequency, respectively. By precisely adjusting the amplitude of the LO signal and the bias voltage of the parent modulator, the light carriers of both arms of the DE-DPMZM can be eliminated. After detection, binary phase-coded microwave signal with frequency equal to or twice the frequency of the LO signal can be generated. The proposed system has a simple structure, high reconfigurability, and good frequency tunability due to its avoidance of using optical filters. In the experiment, phase-coded microwave waveforms at 6 GHz and 11 GHz are generated by using 6 GHz and 11 GHz LO signals or 3 GHz and 5.5 GHz LO signals, respectively. Meanwhile, the performance is evaluated in terms of phase recovery accuracy and pulse compression capability. The experimental results show that the proposed generator has high peak-to-sidelobe ratio, which has practical significance for radar detection of weak targets.
High optical nonlinearity in low-dimensional halide perovskite polycrystalline films
Authors: Liang Wei-Yun , Liu Fangzhou , Lu Yu-Jung , Popović Jasminka , Djurišić Aleksandra , Ahn Hyeyoung
Published: July 2020

The nonlinear optical properties of low-dimensional polycrystalline halide perovskite films consisting of ethylammonium (EA) and butylammonium (BA) cations are investigated using Z-scan technique. Across the band-edge, two-dimensional (BA)2PbI4 exhibits a transition from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse-SA and its nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive index are much smaller than those of bulk counterparts. Meanwhile, EAPbI3 with one-dimensionality of the inorganic structure shows the SA behavior both above and below band-edge and the estimated nonlinear optical parameters of polycrystalline EAPbI3 are comparable to those of single-crystalline ones, attributed to high dielectric contrast between the inorganic and organic elements in one-dimensional structures.
Full-color based on bismuth core-shell nanoparticles in one-step fabrication
Authors: Chen Yu-Peng , Lai Chien-Chih , Tsai Wan-Shao
Published: July 2020

Plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures are promising for the structure-dependent color-rendering effect. In this study, bismuth is selected as an alternative plasmonic material due to its large tunable range from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared. Various sizes of core-shell bismuth nanoparticles are fabricated on a large-area silicon substrate using a one-step thermal evaporation deposition process. Particle diameters, cross-sections, and arrangement are characterized at 12 featured sections, which reveal spectral shifts and full visible colors in a hue order with a color gamut that is close to sRGB. Color palettes on the chromaticity coordinates rendered from both measured and simulation reflection spectra are in very good accordance with the microscopic image colors of all sections.
Pulse-duration dependence of laser-induced modifications inside silicon
Authors: Das Amlan , Wang Andong , Uteza Olivier , Grojo David
Published: July 2020

The advent of ultrafast infrared lasers provides a unique opportunity for direct fabrication of three-dimensional silicon microdevices. However, strong nonlinearities prevent access to modification regimes in narrow gap materials with the shortest laser pulses. In contrary to surface experiments for which one can always define an energy threshold to initiate modifications, we establish that some other threshold conditions inevitably apply on the pulse duration and the numerical aperture for focusing. In an experiment where we can vary continuously the pulse duration from 4 to 21 ps, we show that a minimum duration of 5.4 ps and a focusing numerical aperture of 0.85 are required to successfully initiate modifications. Below and above thresholds, we investigate the pulse duration dependence of the conditions applied in matter. Despite a modest pulse duration dependence of the energy threshold in the tested range, we found that all pulse durations are not equally performing to achieve highly reproducible modifications. Taken together with previous reports in the femtosecond and nanosecond regimes, this provides important guidelines on the appropriate conditions for internal structuring of silicon.
Single-pixel foreground imaging without a priori background sensing
Authors: Zhao Shupeng , Liu Ruifeng , Wang Yao , Wang Yunlong , Zhang Pei , Gao Hong , Huang Feng , Li Fuli
Published: July 2020

The single-pixel imaging technique, which is significantly different from conventional multi-pixel imaging, utilizes the signal recorded by a single-pixel detector and a stream of structured illumination patterns to reconstruct an image. We design and experimentally demonstrate a real-time single-pixel foreground imaging system with fewer samples and without a priori sensing of the background by performing incremental principal component analysis on online compressed sampling data. A fast ℓ1 compressed sensing algorithm is adopted to realize real-time foreground imaging of 10 frames per second with an image size of 127 × 127 pixels and a compression ratio of 3%. When applied to a surveillance system that requires long-distance video transmission, this scheme can greatly reduce the compression ratio and allow the system to work with smaller communication bandwidths.
Monolithically integrated membrane-in-the-middle cavity optomechanical systems
Authors: Hornig G. J. , Al-Sumaidae S. , Maldaner J. , Bu L. , DeCorby R. G.
Published: July 2020

We describe curved-mirror Fabry-Perot cavities with embedded silicon nitride membranes, fabricated using a monolithic surface-micromachining process. The presence of the suspended membranes was confirmed by confocal microscopy, and their properties were verified through optical studies and thermomechanical calibration of mechanical/vibrational noise spectra measured at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The cavities exhibit reflectance-limited finesse (F ∼ 103) and wavelength-scale mode volumes (VM ∼ 10·λ3). The short cavity length (L ∼ 2·λ) results in large optomechanical coupling, which is desirable for numerous applications in sensing and quantum information.
Linewidth enhancement factor in a microcavity Brillouin laser
Authors: Yuan Zhiquan , Wang Heming , Wu Lue , Gao Maodong , Vahala Kerry
Published: July 2020

The linewidth of regenerative oscillators is enhanced by
amplitude–phase coupling of the oscillator field [Phys. Rev.
160, 290
(1967)]. In laser oscillators, this
effect is well known for its impact on semiconductor laser
performance. Here, this coupling is studied in Brillouin lasers.
Because their gain is parametric, the coupling and linewidth
enhancement are shown to originate from phase mismatch. The theory is
confirmed by measurement of linewidth in a microcavity Brillouin
laser, and enhancements as large as

50
×

are measured. The results show that
pump wavelength and device temperature should be carefully selected
and controlled to minimize linewidth. More generally, this work
provides a new perspective on the linewidth enhancement effect.
How democratic is popular music in Finnish schools? Exploring popular music education through intersectionality
Authors: Koskela Minja , Leppänen Taru
Published: July 2020

In this article, we use intersectionality as a theoretical lens to explore the negotiations in popular music education (PME) in one Finnish upper elementary classroom. By considering the hegemonic position of PME in Finnish schools, two researchers engaged in inter-reflexivity in order to shift the focus from popular music ‘itself’ to the sociocultural structures and conditions in which PME is implemented. PME has often been treated as the democratizer of music education. In this article, however, we argue that the democratic potential of PME depends on the pedagogical implementation of the practice. Furthermore, we argue that for such education to become democratic, the teacher needs to identify the intersectional power structures that shape interaction between people so as to become aware of the school culture and its norms. In this process, the ongoing development of teacher reflexivity plays an essential role.
Low genetic diversity among Francisella-like endosymbionts within different genotypes of Hyalomma dromedarii ticks infesting camels in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elbir Haitham , Almathen Faisal , Elnahas Ayman
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: Hyalomma dromedarii ticks are vectors of disease agents and hosts of Francisella-like endosymbionts (FLEs). Knowledge about intraspecific genetic variation among H. dromedarii and its Francisella species is limited. The aims of this study were to investigate whether certain H. dromedarii genotypes are specialized in carrying specific Francisella species genotypes and scrutinize the population structure of H. dromedarii ticks in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods: We collected 151 H. dromedarii ticks from 33 camels from 13 locations in Saudi Arabia. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1(COI), and 16S rRNA genes were used for single-and multi-locus sequence typing and phylogenetic analyses. H. dromedarii-borne Francisella was screened using the tul4 gene and 16S rRNA Francisella-specific primers followed by amplicon Sanger sequencing.

Results: Single-locus typing of ticks using ITS2, 16S rRNA, and COI genes yielded 1, 10, and 31 sequence types (ST), respectively, with pairwise sequence similarity of 100% for ITS2, 99.18-99.86% for COI, and 99.50-99.75% for 16S rRNA. COI sequence analysis indicated a lack of strict geographical structuration, as ST15 was found in both Saudi Arabia and Kenya. In contrast, multilocus sequence typing resolved 148 H. dromedarii ticks into 39 genotypes of ticks and three genotypes of FLEs. The ST2-FLE genotype was carried by the tick genotype ST35, while the ST1-FLE genotype and 41.89% of the ST3-FLE genotype were carried by the tick genotype ST32. Accordingly, there appeared to be no specialization of certain tick genotypes to harbor-specific FLE genotypes.

Conclusion: For the 1st time, we have provided an overview of the population structure of H. dromedarii ticks and FLE strains. We found a low level of genetic diversity among FLEs and non-specialized circulation of FLEs among H. dromedarii ticks.
Influência da proximidade de um aterro sanitário na qualidade das águas
Authors: Braga Erika de Almeida Sampaio , Aquino Marisete Dantas de , Xenofonte Petrúcio Maia , Oliveira Jedson Vieira de , Rocha Carlos Márcio Soares , Mendes Luzia Suerlange Araújo dos Santos , Costa Filho Edilson Holanda
Published: July 2020

Diversos fatores contribuem para contaminação das águas tanto superficiais como subterrâneas localizadas próximas a um aterro sanitário. Isto deve-se provavelmente ao fato da formação de compostos decorrentes da decomposição da matéria orgânica do material que é depositado no aterro sanitário. Em consequência, a qualidade dessas águas são alteradas e não podem mais ser utilizadas para os diversos fins pela população. O estudo foi realizado em águas de rio e poço localizadas próximo a um aterro sanitário situado em um munícipio dentro da área metropolitana de Fortaleza, capital do estado do Ceará. Foram coletadas três amostras de água de rio e uma amostra de água subterrânea durante três meses e foram realizadas as análises dos parâmetros indicadores de qualidade estabelecidos pelas Resolução nº 357, de 17 de março de 2005 e Resolução nº 396, de 07 de abril de 2008, do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (Conama). As análises seguiram as metodologias descritas no Standard Methods for the Examinations of Water and Wastewater (APHA, 2012) e foram realizadas no Laboratório de Química Ambiental da Fundação Núcleo de Tecnologia Industrial do Ceará (NUTEC). De acordo com os resultados obtidos as concentrações de alguns parâmetros se encontraram em desacordo com os valores máximos estabelecidos pelas legislações citadas, sinalizando uma preocupação de risco para a saúde da população do local.
Haptik am User Interface
Authors: Sprenger Sebastian
Published: July 2020

Medienkünstlerische Arbeiten verbinden Wissen aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen der Forschung und der Kunst. Dieser Austausch technischen oder auch naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungswissens ist wichtiger Teil der kreativen Arbeit der Medienkünstler. Sebastian Sprenger beschreibt die kreativen Ausführungen im Interfacedesign und der Berührung in der Kunst. Er geht der Frage nach, welche technische, kunsttheoretische, medientheoretische und -philosophische Bedeutung die haptische Berührung technischer oder künstlicher Oberflächen hat. Dabei wird deutlich, dass sowohl die Geschichte der Medienkunst als auch die interdisziplinäre Entwicklung der einzelnen Arbeiten vom prozessorientierten Wissen der Künste zeugen.
COVID-19 E A ATUAÇÃO DA ORGANIZAÇÃO MUNDIAL DA SAÚDE
Authors: Biacchi Gomes Eduardo , Maria Saes Busato Ivana , Fernandes de Oliveira Marcia Maria
Published: July 2020

A presente nota técnica traz ao debate para a comunidade científica os efeitos e as consequências do Covid-19 em âmbito mundial, surto este que começou na China. Como forma de melhor abordar o tema, os autores perpassam por uma análise histórica dos efeitos nefastos da pandemia e seus efeitos nos conflitos, as consequências dos vírus pandêmicos para a humanidade e seus efeitos para a saúde. Sob o viés econômico, analisam-se os efeitos do Covid-19 para renda dos trabalhadores e os instrumentos adotados pelos Estados, dentro das políticas sociais. Ao final, destaca-se a importância do papel desempenhado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), especialmente através do Regulamento Sanitário Internacional no sentido de fixar as diretrizes sobre a proteção à saúde e o combate ao Covid-19. O método utilizado foi o qualitativo, através de pesquisas em livros e artigos científicos especializados. O objetivo principal e resultado, foi o de analisar e de evidenciar a importância da OMS e seus instrumentos no combate ao Covid-19.
COVID-19 NA REGIÃO DE SAÚDE TRIÂNGULO SUL, MG: UMA PERSPECTIVA CARTOGRÁFICA
Authors: Vicente Ferreira Ricardo , Carvalho Denise Maciel , Souza Ana Laura de Paula , Martines Marcos Roberto , Assunção Luiza Maria de
Published: July 2020

Uma das formas de monitorar o espalhamento do novo coronavírus é pela análise cartográfica de mapas temáticos sobre as notificações de casos confirmados de Covid-19 e outras variáveis geográficas. Este estudo mostra resultados do mapeamento de casos de COVID-19 na Macrorregião de Saúde Triângulo Sul, MG, relacionando dados geográficos para compreender a dinâmica espacial da doença nessa área. Os dados utilizados são provenientes das notificações fornecidas pela Superintendência Regional de Saúde de Uberaba, referentes aos 27 municípios sob sua jurisdição. São utilizados Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), planilhas eletrônicas e mapas base para a construção de banco de dados geoespacial e produção de mapas temáticos. Os resultados mostram que os primeiros casos ocorreram nas cidades com maior população e possuem maior conectividade com metrópoles e cidades médias, indicando uma possível correlação entre a hierarquia das cidades na rede urbana e a disseminação do vírus nas populações. Na escala intra-urbana, os casos se concentram na porção central das cidades e a maior taxa de infecção ocorreu em Uberaba, município de maior população e que centraliza a Macrorregional. O estudo prevê o acompanhamento da pandemia da COVID-19 e o subsídio à vigilância epidemiológica na região de saúde, com o mapeamento temático e apontamento de possíveis fatores de risco e da difusão espacial da doença.
PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE O ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO, BRASIL
Authors: Bezerra Anselmo César Vasconcelos , Silva Carlos Eduardo Menezes da , Soares Fernando Ramalho Gameleira
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa de opinião realizada com residentes do estado de Pernambuco sobre os fatores relacionados ao isolamento social durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Utilizou-se de um questionário construído no Google Forms e enviado pelas redes sociais: whatsapp, instagram e facebook. As perguntas buscavam evidenciar: perfil socioeconômico; situação de isolamento social; impactos do isolamento; expectativa do tempo que permanecerá em isolamento; e condições de habitação e saúde. As 7.593 respostas evidenciaram que 32% das pessoas estão em isolamento total; 57% em isolamento parcial; e 11% não estão isoladas. 88% acreditam na estratégia do isolamento. O convívio social foi o principal impacto percebido para 37% dos respondentes. 74% relataram algum nível de estresse; 21% pararam de ganhar dinheiro; 56% apresentaram alterações no sono e apenas 37% está fazendo algum exercício. Para 79% a residência é boa ou ótima para ficar isolado. Além disso, as condições de habitação demonstraram forte correlação com a possibilidade de ficar mais tempo em auto isolamento, o que no contexto do estado com mais de 800 mil pessoas vivendo em assentamentos subnormais ressalta a importância de estratégias direcionadas a este fator para ampliar a efetividade da estratégia de enfrentamento da pandemia.
A COVID-19 NO BRASIL E AS ATRIBUIÇÕES DOS AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE: DESAFIOS E PROBLEMÁTICAS ENFRENTADOS NO CENÁRIO NACIONAL DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Bentes Rodrigo Nascimento
Published: July 2020

Com o objetivo de pontuar as atribuições dos agentes comunitários de saúde, frente ao período de pandemia de Covid-19, compreendendo suas atribuições neste momento de necessidade nacional, a pesquisa, em caráter qualitativo, traz algumas contribuições com relatos de alguns profissionais sobre as constantes necessidades enfrentadas em seu cotidiano de trabalho, no que diz respeito às suas responsabilidades, orientados (ou não) pelos materiais formativos disponibilizados pelo Ministério da saúde, nas quais são incongruentes a realidade, contrapondo-se com as suas particularidades enfrentadas como a falta de equipamentos de proteção individual, falta de formação, recusa de visita domiciliares por parte dos atendidos e não valorização destes, sendo pontos que são problematizados em vários territórios encontrados no Brasil; é de fundamental necessidade o investimento em recursos para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), priorizando a vida de cada indivíduo e contribuindo na qualidade de bem-estar de todos os que necessitam do sistema, pois o que se apresenta no cenário nacional atualmente, é o colapso que agrava ainda mais o acolhimento da maior parcela da sociedade que necessita ser amparados pelos serviços públicos de saúde.
TRANSPORTE AÉREO DE PASSAGEIROS E O AVANÇO DA COVID-19 NO BRASIL
Authors: Azeredo Rodrigues Lucas
Published: July 2020

O Brasil é um dos países que mais sofrem com a ausência de políticas públicas federais em prol da contenção do avanço da COVID-19. No setor aéreo não é diferente. A ausência de uma maior intervenção regulatória da Agência Nacional da Aviação Civil (ANAC), cujo propósito seria a restrição quanto à circulação de pessoas, fica evidente quando se confronta a denominada “malha aérea essencial” com o atual cenário pandêmico. É neste sentido que este trabalho pretende analisar quais foram as medidas adotadas pelo setor aéreo e Estado, bem como demonstrar seu impacto na circulação de pessoas na rede urbana com maiores índices de COVID-19. Para isso, usaremos dados oficiais e confecção de representações cartográficas para um melhor entendimento da temática. A espacialização desses dados nos indica disseminação do vírus poderia ter sido reduzida caso adotassem medidas mais severas na regulação do transporte aéreo de passageiros.
COVID 19 E OS IMPACTOS NA EDUCAÇÃO: PERCEPÇÕES SOBRE BRASIL E CUBA
Authors: Santos Eva Teixeira dos , Chavez Eros Salinas , Silva Anderson Antonio Molina , Lordano Geovandir André , Ayach Lucy Ribeiro , Anunciação Vicentina Socorro da , Batista Ricardo Lopes
Published: July 2020

A Pandemia da Covid 19 tem causado sobre a população mundial impactos diretos na saúde física e mental, economia, política e relações sociais, dentre elas a educação. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho analisa os efeitos da pandemia na área da educação no contexto espacial do Brasil e de Cuba, identificando as medidas adotadas, uma vez que o processo de aprendizagem depende diretamente do bem-estar, da saúde física e mental de alunos, professores e familiares. A partir das discussões apresentadas, destaca-se a ausência por parte dos governos dos países de um levantamento estatístico sobre a realidade, sobre as desigualdades regionais, do ponto de vista das infraestruturas nos países e sobre o acesso a internet por professores e alunos no caso do Brasil, uma vez que Cuba por dificuldades de acesso a rede mundial de computadores optou por tele aulas. Com isso, a dinâmica das famílias com crianças e adolescentes tem exigido um esforço maior dos pais, responsáveis e/ou cuidadores, que também é um impacto a ser considerado, uma vez que grande parte não possui preparação para a educação a distância no lar. Portanto, as medidas até agora adotadas são questionáveis quanto aos aspectos qualitativos não considerados no processo ensino aprendizagem e necessitam de mais reflexões e debates em torno da modalidade de ensino proposta frente ao contexto da pandemia, principalmente na educação básica.
CONDIÇÕES DE DESIGUALDADES E VULNERABILIDADES SOCIOESPACIAIS EM CIDADES DA AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE: ELEMENTOS PROMOVEDORES DA EXPANSÃO E DISPERSÃO DA COVID-19?
Authors: Cardoso Rodrigues Jondison , Cardoso Rodrigues Jovenildo
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do artigo é identificar e analisar as condições de desigualdades e vulnerabilidades socioespaciais das populações urbanas e populações tradicionais da Amazônia paraense, e como essas condições podem ser um elemento de dispersão e avanço espacial da Covid-19. O estudo se pautou a partir de pesquisa documental (de relatórios, atlas e sites institucionais de Organização Não-Governamental, Fundação e institutos de pesquisa estaduais e nacionais) acerca de desigualdades e vulnerabilidades e da Covid-19, porém também calcada em experiências, pesquisas e observações prévias da Amazônia paraense. Evidencia-se que as condições das populações urbanas são precárias em termos de saneamento básico, sistema adequado de esgoto, renda domiciliar baixa ou inexistente (mesmo contando com a renda emergencial), domicílios sem banheiro; tudo isso, associado com grandes aglomerações. Já populações tradicionais (sobretudo, indígenas, quilombolas, agroextrativistas e ribeirinhos) estão mais vulneráveis, devido a distâncias físicas, diferenciações na escala regional em termos de hospitais, leitos de UTI e dinâmicas sociais, econômicas e culturais específicas. As condições de desigualdades socioespaciais e vulnerabilidades constituem um dos principais elementos que contribuem para a dispersão e dificuldade do controle da Covid-19 em cidades amazônicas paraenses, bem como em espaços urbano-rurais onde residem populações tradicionais, com elevados níveis de vulnerabilidades.
VULNERABILIDADES PARA GESTANTES E PUÉRPERAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL
Authors: Wagner Adriana , Soares Alex Silva , Ribeiro Eduardo Augusto Werneck , Friestino Jane Kelly Oliveira , Lovatto Marcos Vinicius Perez , Faria Rivaldo Mauro , Weissheimer Werner André
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Identificar as vulnerabilidades existentes para gestantes/puérperas no estado de Santa Catarina, ofertando subsídios para elaborar estratégias de enfrentamento à COVID-19. Métodos: Este é um estudo ecológico e exploratório em que foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos, Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil e Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde - Portal Coronavírus Brasil. Foram analisados dados oriundos dos municípios de Santa Catarina compreendendo: IDHm, idade gestacional, número de consultas de pré-natal, número de leitos de UTI adulto e número de casos da COVID-19 notificados. Para identificar vulnerabilidades existentes para gestantes/puérperas considerou-se correlação de Pearson para as variáveis: idade materna (em anos), escolaridade materna, e o número de consultas no pré-natal. Resultados: Foi encontrada correlação negativa entre porcentagem pré-natal (mais que 6 consultas) e porcentagem idade abaixo de 20 anos (r= -0,44); e entre IDH e porcentagem idade abaixo de 20 anos (r= -0,63). Foi observada uma interiorização dos casos da COVID-19 em Santa Catarina. Notou-se uma possível carência de leitos de UTI nas regiões em que há mais vulnerabilidades para gestantes e puérperas. Considerações finais: As informações sobre a COVID-19 em gestantes/puérperas não são numerosas, contudo, a partir da análise das condições sociais e de saúde dos municípios no estado de Santa Catarina, podemos inferir as áreas que demandam maior investimento/atenção das autoridades sanitárias, em função das vulnerabilidades encontradas.
PREPARAÇÃO E COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL EM CENÁRIOS DE EMERGÊNCIA SANITÁRIA: FRAGILIDADES ANUNCIADAS NUM CONTEXTO DE ECONOMIA GLOBAL
Authors: Nossa Paulo Nuno Maia Sousa
Published: July 2020

No presente texto, o autor apresenta um conjunto de dados históricos que documentam a progressiva unificação microbiana do mundo à medida que a agricultura, o comercio e a tecnologia de transporte nos tornaram mais próximos. Nas últimas décadas, fundamentalmente através da intensificação do processo de globalização e de hiperconetividade de pessoas e bens, a frequência de surtos pandémicos tem crescido significativamente, obrigando à revisão do Regulamento Sanitário Internacional (2005) e à adoção de compromisso internacionais de preparação em saúde global, cujos níveis de alerta ainda são escassas em diversas partes do globo. Partindo das lições aprendidas com as mais recentes epidemias de ébola, discutem-se as fragilidades encontradas ao nível local e regional, bem como o modelo de atuação de atores internacionais relevantes. A eclosão da atual pandemia gerada pelo SARS-CoV2, pela rapidez de propagação e pela sua extensão, obriga-nos a refletir para além dos dados epidemiológicos básicos, propondo-se uma leitura geográfica, analisando o contexto de interdependência gerado globalização dos transportes e pela segmentação das cadeias de produção abruptamente interrompidas com a emergência da epidemia. As consequências futuras a retirar deste cenário disruptivo ainda são incertas, mas algumas evidencias sugerem que este tipo de acontecimentos poderá ter algum potencial para acelerar processo de mudança no contexto da globalização das trocas.