bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methane Producing and Oxidizing Microorganisms Display a High Resilience to Drought in a Swedish Hemi‐Boreal Mire
Authors: White J. D. , Ahrén D. , Ström L. , Kelly J. , Klemedtsson L. , Keane B. , Parmentier F. J. W.
Published: August 2023

An increased frequency of droughts due to anthropogenic climate change can lead to considerable stress for soil microorganisms and their functioning within northern peatlands. A better understanding of the diversity and relative abundance of methane producing and oxidizing taxa, and their functional genes, can help predict the functional potential of peatlands and how the microorganisms respond to disturbances such as drought. To address knowledge gaps in the understanding of how functional genetic diversity shifts under drought conditions, we investigated a hemi boreal mire in Southern Sweden. Environmental parameters, including soil and air temperature, precipitation, and water table depth, as well as methane flux data were collected during the summer of 2017 under typical growing conditions, and in 2018 during a drought. In addition, the diversity and composition of genes encoding for methane metabolism were determined using the captured metagenomics technique. During drought we observed a substantial increase in air and soil temperature, reduced precipitation, and a lower water table depth. Taxonomic and functional gene composition significantly changed during the drought, while diversity indices, such as alpha and beta diversity, remained similar. These results indicate that methane producing and oxidizing microbial communities, and their functional genes, displayed a resilience to drought with specific genera having the ability to outcompete others under stress. Furthermore, our results show that although methane emissions are substantially reduced during drought, we can expect to see a shift toward more resilient methanogens and methanotrophs under future climate conditions.
Observed Relative Contributions of Anomalous Heat Fluxes and Effective Heat Capacity to Sea Surface Temperature Variability
Authors: Takahashi Naoya , Richards Kelvin J. , Schneider Niklas , Stuecker Malte F. , Annamalai Hariharasubramanian , Nonaka Masami
Published: August 2023

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) vary not only due to heat exchange across the air‐sea interface but also due to changes in effective heat capacity as primarily determined by mixed layer depth (MLD). Here, we investigate seasonal and regional characteristics of the contribution of MLD anomalies to the month‐to‐month variability of SST using observational datasets. First, we propose a metric called Flux Divergence Angle, which can quantify the relative contributions of surface heat fluxes and MLD anomalies to SST variability. Using this metric, we find that MLD anomalies tend to amplify SST anomalies in the extra‐tropics, especially in the eastern ocean basins, during spring and summer. In contrast, MLD anomalies tend to suppress SST anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific during December‐January‐February. This paper provides the first global picture of the observed importance of MLD anomalies to the local SST variability.
Using Deep Learning for Flexible and Scalable Earthquake Forecasting
Authors: Dascher‐Cousineau Kelian , Shchur Oleksandr , Brodsky Emily E. , Günnemann Stephan
Published: August 2023

Seismology is witnessing explosive growth in the diversity and scale of earthquake catalogs. A key motivation for this community effort is that more data should translate into better earthquake forecasts. Such improvements are yet to be seen. Here, we introduce the Recurrent Earthquake foreCAST (RECAST), a deep‐learning model based on recent developments in neural temporal point processes. The model enables access to a greater volume and diversity of earthquake observations, overcoming the theoretical and computational limitations of traditional approaches. We benchmark against a temporal Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model. Tests on synthetic data suggest that with a modest‐sized data set, RECAST accurately models earthquake‐like point processes directly from cataloged data. Tests on earthquake catalogs in Southern California indicate improved fit and forecast accuracy compared to our benchmark when the training set is sufficiently long (>104 events). The basic components in RECAST add flexibility and scalability for earthquake forecasting without sacrificing performance.
Fewer, but More Intense, Future Tropical Storms Over the Ganges and Mekong Basins
Authors: Ali Haider , Fowler Hayley J. , Vanniere Benoit , Roberts Malcolm J.
Published: August 2023

Understanding climate change impacts on Tropical Storm (TS) activity is crucial for effective adaptation planning and risk assessment, particularly in densely populated low‐lying delta rivers basins like the Ganges and Mekong. The change to TS characteristics with warming is uncertain due to limitations in global climate model resolution and process‐representation and storm tracking algorithms (trackers). Here, we used 13 HighResMIP models and two trackers to estimate the uncertainty in projections of TS characteristics. We found different trackers producing qualitatively similar but quantitatively different results. Our results show a decline (median ∼52%) in the frequency of TS but increase in the strongest TS and Available Cyclone Energy (ACE) of TS over both basins. The higher‐resolution models extract TS with much higher intensity and ACE values compared to the lower‐resolution models. These results have implications for adaptation planning and risk assessment for TS and suggest the need for further high‐resolution modeling studies.
Biogenic and Anthropogenic Contributions to Atmospheric Organosulfates in a Typical Megacity in Eastern China
Authors: Huang Liubin , Wang Yao , Zhao Yue , Hu Huilin , Yang Yu , Wang Yuchen , Yu Jian‐Zhen , Chen Tianshu , Cheng Zhen , Li Chenxi , Li Ziyue , Xiao Huayun
Published: August 2023

Organosulfates (OSs) are important components of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. Despite the frequent observation of OSs in field and laboratory studies, the sources and detailed formation pathways of these species, particularly in polluted regions, are still not well understood. In this study, a total of 156 ambient PM2.5 filter samples were collected in a Chinese megacity (Shanghai) over four seasons in both 2015–2016 and 2018–2019. More than 270 OS formulas were detected in ambient aerosols using high‐resolution liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Interestingly, a series of alkyl OSs, CnH2n+1O4S− (C5–C11), were observed, which are most likely to be produced from the heterogeneous reactions of organic peroxides with sulfur dioxide or sulfate. The observation of these compounds provides the first field evidence for atmospheric OS formation involving organic peroxides. By employing a positive matrix factorization model, the possible precursors of OSs were classified into six groups, that is, isoprene‐derived, monoterpene‐derived, aromatic, short‐chain aliphatic, long‐chain aliphatic, and anthropogenic C2/C3 OSs. Biogenic (isoprene and monoterpenes) and anthropogenic sources (the remaining factors) contributed to 57.2% and 42.8% of OS formation in 2015–2016, respectively, and their contributions just slightly changed in 2018–2019. In addition, the OS sources exhibited strong seasonality. Isoprene‐derived OSs contributed to the largest fraction of total OSs in summer, while anthropogenic sources dominated OS formation in other seasons. Our findings provide valuable insight into OS sources and formation mechanisms in the atmosphere and highlight the importance of both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions for the formation of OSs in a typical Chinese megacity.
The beneficial effect of prophylactic hydrocortisone treatment in extremely preterm infants improves upon adjustment of the baseline characteristics
Authors: Baud Olivier , Lehert Philippe ,   for the PREMILOC study group
Published: August 2023

Background

Prophylactic low-dose hydrocortisone (HC) was found to improve survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants. However, appropriately adjusting for baseline risks of BPD or death might substantially increase the precision of the HC effect size.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of the PREMILOC trial. The treatment effect was evaluated on the primary endpoint through a covariance analysis ANCOVA, adjusting for the baseline covariates using a mixed linear model. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the potential heterogeneity of the treatment effect across centers and subpopulations.

Results

The interaction between treatment group and baseline risk for BPD or death was not statistically significant (p = 0.498). After adjusting for the patient’s probability of BPD-free survival using baseline predictors alone, the HC treatment exhibited a highly significant effect (OR [95% CI] = 2.053 [1.602–2.501], p = 0.002), with a number needed to treat NNT [95% CI] = 5.8 [4.1–23.0]. Despite a weak interaction with sex, we found a lack of heterogeneity in the treatment effect across specific subpopulations.

Conclusions

In the PREMILOC trial, the beneficial effect of prophylactic HC versus placebo on BPD-free survival in extremely preterm neonates was found to be greater when adjusted to baseline risks of BPD or death.

Registration numbers

EudraCT number 2007-002041-20, ClinicalTrial.gov number NCT00623740.

Impact

Prophylactic low-dose hydrocortisone (HC) provided past evidence of a beneficial effect in improving survival without BPD in infants born extremely preterm.

Adjustment for baseline risks of BPD or death might substantially increase the precision of the HC effect size.

The beneficial effect of prophylactic HC vs placebo on BPD-free survival in extremely preterm neonates was found to be greater when adjusted to baseline risks of BPD or death.

We evidenced a lack of heterogeneity in the treatment effect in specific subpopulations despite some weak interaction with sex.
Genetic meta-analysis of levodopa induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Martinez-Carrasco Alejandro , Real Raquel , Lawton Michael , Iwaki Hirotaka , Tan Manuela M. X. , Wu Lesley , Williams Nigel M. , Carroll Camille , Hu Michele T. M. , Grosset Donald G. , Hardy John , Ryten Mina , Foltynie Tom , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Shoai Maryam , Morris Huw R.
Published: August 2023

The genetic basis of levodopa-induced-dyskinesia (LiD) is poorly understood, and there have been few well-powered genome-wide studies. We performed a genome-wide survival meta-analyses to study the effect of genetic variation on the development of LiD in five separate longitudinal cohorts, and meta-analysed the results. We included 2784 PD patients, of whom 14.6% developed LiD. We found female sex (HR = 1.35, SE = 0.11, P = 0.007) and younger age at onset (HR = 1.8, SE = 0.14, P = 2 × 10−5) increased the probability of developing LiD. We identified three genetic loci significantly associated with time-to-LiD onset. rs72673189 on chromosome 1 (HR = 2.77, SE = 0.18, P = 1.53 × 10−8) located at the LRP8 locus, rs189093213 on chromosome 4 (HR = 3.06, SE = 0.19, P = 2.81 × 10−9) in the non-coding RNA LINC02353 locus, and rs180924818 on chromosome 16 (HR = 3.13, SE = 0.20, P = 6.27 × 10−9) in the XYLT1 locus. Based on a functional annotation analysis on chromosome 1, we determined that changes in DNAJB4 gene expression, close to LRP8, are an additional potential cause of increased susceptibility to LiD. Baseline anxiety status was significantly associated with LiD (OR = 1.14, SE = 0.03, P = 7.4 × 10−5). Finally, we performed a candidate variant analysis of previously reported loci, and found that genetic variability in ANKK1 (rs1800497, HR = 1.27, SE = 0.09, P = 8.89 × 10−3) and BDNF (rs6265, HR = 1.21, SE = 0.10, P = 4.95 × 10−2) loci were significantly associated with time to LiD in our large meta-analysis.
Are informants required to obtain valid ratings on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)?
Authors: Nielsen Cecilie Marie , Kølbæk Pernille , Dines David , Opler Mark , Correll Christoph U. , Østergaard Søren Dinesen
Published: August 2023

Ratings on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) are ideally based on both a patient interview and an informant questionnaire. In research and clinical settings, however, the informant questionnaire is often omitted. This study investigated the consequences of omitting informant information by comparing PANSS ratings of patients with schizophrenia (n = 49 patients, 77 ratings) conducted with and without informant information, respectively. Additionally, changes in symptom severity over time based on ratings with and without informant information were also compared for the full PANSS and the six-item version of the PANSS (PANSS-6). PANSS ratings including informant information were higher than those without, both at the total score and individual item level. Additionally, the full PANSS appeared less “responsive” to baseline-to-endpoint changes for ratings without informant information compared to ratings including informant information, while no differences were found for the PANSS-6.
Bacterial c-di-GMP has a key role in establishing host–microbe symbiosis
Authors: Obeng Nancy , Czerwinski Anna , Schütz Daniel , Michels Jan , Leipert Jan , Bansept Florence , García García María J. , Schultheiß Thekla , Kemlein Melinda , Fuß Janina , Tholey Andreas , Traulsen Arne , Sondermann Holger , Schulenburg Hinrich
Published: August 2023

Most microbes evolve faster than their hosts and should therefore drive evolution of host–microbe interactions. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics that define the adaptive path of microbes to host association. Here we identified microbial traits that mediate adaptation to hosts by experimentally evolving the free-living bacteriumPseudomonas luridawith the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansas its host. After ten passages, we repeatedly observed the evolution of beneficial host-specialist bacteria, with improved persistence in the nematode being associated with increased biofilm formation. Whole-genome sequencing revealed mutations that uniformly upregulate the bacterial second messenger, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP). We subsequently generated mutants with upregulated c-di-GMP in differentPseudomonasstrains and species, which consistently increased host association. Comparison of pseudomonad genomes from various environments revealed that c-di-GMP underlies adaptation to a variety of hosts, from plants to humans. This study indicates that c-di-GMP is fundamental for establishing host association.
Numerical investigation of dusty tri-hybrid Ellis rotating nanofluid flow and thermal transportation over a stretchable Riga plate
Authors: Sharif Humaira , Ali Bagh , Siddique Imran , Saman Iqra , Jaradat Mohammed M. M. , Sallah Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Due to high-ultra thermic significances, the nanosize materials are used in various chemical and mechanical engineering, modern technology and thermic engineering eras. For industrial growth of a country, one of the biggest challenges for engineers and scientists is improvement in thermal production and resources. In this study we analyzed the momentum and thermic aspects of MHD Ellis ternary nano material embedded with dust particles via stretchable Riga plate including volume concentration of dust material. The flow generating PDE’s for two phase models are minimized into dimensionless nonlinear ODE’s by using the right modification. To acquire the graphical results the BVP4c method was adopted in MATLAB software. Fundamental aspects affecting velocity and temperature have investigated through graphs. Additionally Nusselt number and skin friction have also been evaluated. Compared it with previous literature to check the validity of results. Finding reveals that as compared to dusty phase the performance of trihybrid nano phase thermal transport is improved. Moreover, the temperature profile increases for rotational and volume fraction dust particles parameter. Dusty fluids are used in numerous manufacturing and engineering sectors, like petroleum transport, car smoke emissions, caustic granules in mining and power plant pipes.
Analysis of the fractional relativistic polytropic gas sphere
Authors: Aboueisha Mohamed S. , Nouh Mohamed I. , Abdel-Salam Emad A. -B. , Kamel Tarek M. , Beheary M. M. , Gadallah Kamel A. K.
Published: August 2023

Many stellar configurations, including white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, supermassive stars, and star clusters, rely on relativistic effects. The Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation of the polytropic gas sphere is ultimately a hydrostatic equilibrium equation developed from the general relativity framework. In the modified Riemann Liouville (mRL) frame, we formulate the fractional TOV (FTOV) equations and introduce an analytical solution. Using power series expansions in solving FTOV equations yields a limited physical range to the convergent power series solution. Therefore, combining the two techniques of Euler–Abel transformation and Padé approximation has been applied to improve the convergence of the obtained series solutions. For all possible values of the relativistic parameters ($$\sigma$$
σ
), we calculated twenty fractional gas models for the polytropic indexes n = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2. Investigating the impacts of fractional and relativistic parameters on the models revealed fascinating phenomena; the two effects for n = 0.5 are that the sphere’s volume and mass decrease with increasing $$\sigma$$
σ
and the fractional parameter ($$\alpha$$
α
). For n = 1, the volume decreases when $$\sigma$$
σ
 = 0.1 and then increases when $$\sigma$$
σ
 = 0.2 and 0.3. The volume of the sphere reduces as both $$\sigma$$
σ
and $$\alpha$$
α
increase for n = 1.5 and n = 2. We calculated the maximum mass and the corresponding minimum radius of the white dwarfs modeled with polytropic index n = 3 and several fractional and relativistic parameter values. We obtained a mass limit for the white dwarfs somewhat near the Chandrasekhar limit for the integer models with small relativistic parameters ($$\alpha = 1$$

α
=
1

, $$\sigma = 0.001$$

σ
=
0.001

). The situation is altered by lowering the fractional parameter; the mass limit increases to Mlimit = 1.63348 M⊙ at $$\alpha = 0.95$$

α
=
0.95

and $$\sigma = 0.001$$

σ
=
0.001

.
Numerical simulation modeling and kinematic analysis onto double wedge-shaped airbag of nursing appliance
Authors: Xiao Yunxuan , Liu Teng , Meng Chuizhou , Jiao Zi’ang , Meng Fanchao , Guo Shijie
Published: August 2023

In previous studies, the numerical modeling and analyzing methods onto industrial or vehicle airbags dynamics were revealed to have high accuracy regarding their actual dynamic properties, but there are scarcely airbag stiffness modeling and comfortableness investigations of nursing cushion or mattress airbags. This study constructs a numerical model illustrating the association between the stiffness property and the internal gas mass of the wedge-shaped airbag of nursing appliance, and then the airbag stiffness variation discipline is described based on various inflation volumes. To start with, based on an averaged pressure prerequisite, a dynamic simulation model of the wedge-shaped airbag is established by the fluid cavity approach. For this modeling, the elastic mechanical behaviors of airbag material are determined according to a material constitutive model built by the quasi-static uniaxial tensile test. Besides, verification experiments clarify that the presented modeling method is accurate for airbag stiffness behavior prediction, and then can be effectively applied into design and optimization phases of wedge-shaped airbags. Ultimately, based on the simulation and experimental results, it is found that the wedge-shaped airbag stiffness exhibits a three stages characteristic evolution with the gas mass increase. Then the mathematical relationship between the airbag stiffness and gas mass is obtained by numerical fitting, which provides a vital basis for structural optimization and differentiated control of nursing equipment airbags.
Comprehensive analysis of PILRΑ’s association with the prognosis, tumor immune infiltration, and immunotherapy in pan-cancer
Authors: Li Qiao , Yang Zhirong , He Xiaoyan , Yang Xin
Published: August 2023

Paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRA) plays a vital role in regulating broad immune responses. However, the roles of PILRA in cancer immunity remain unexplored yet. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the oncogenic and immunologic roles of PILRA at a pan-cancer level based on the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. PILRA was significantly dysregulated and frequently mutated in pan-cancer. Its expression and mutation status significantly impacted patient prognosis in several cancers. Besides, PILRA expression was positively correlated with ESTIMATE scores and the abundances of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Concurrently, PILRA expression was significantly associated with predictive biomarkers of cancer immunotherapy, and positively correlated with the prognostic outcomes of cancer patients receiving immunotherapy. Mechanistically, enrichment analysis implied that PILRA might be involved in the regulation of immune response and metabolic process. This study uncovered the immunological roles of PILRA in cancers and its potential as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.
Ratiometric fluorescent aptasensor for convenient detection of ochratoxin A in beer and orange juice
Authors: Yu Jie , Ai Shuheng , Zhang Wenhan , Wang Chao , Shi Pengfei
Published: August 2023

Based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), a simple ratiometric fluorescent aptasensor for convenient detection of ochratoxin A (OTA), a group IIB carcinogen secreted by some fungi, was established.
Fabrication of an electrochemical aptasensor for the determination of sarcosine based on synthesized CuCo2O4 nanosheets
Authors: Farokhi Somayeh , Roushani Mahmoud , Saedi Zahra
Published: August 2023

CuCo2O4 nanosheets have been successfully synthesized. The synthesized CuCo2O4 nanostructures were used as a high-performance platform for designing a sarcosine electrochemical aptasensor.
The synergy between electrochemical substrate oxidation and the oxygen reduction reaction to enable aerobic oxidation
Authors: Behera Snehanjali , Aziz SK Tarik , Singla Nisha , Mondal Biswajit
Published: August 2023

Aerobic substrate oxidation reactions catalyzed by a heterogeneous catalyst can be looked upon as two independent half-cell reactions, viz. anodic substrate oxidation and the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
A NaCrO2@C free-standing cathode via electrospinning for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Yuanqi , Liang Jinji , Li Wenya , Liang Min , Li Huizi , Lin Chenhan , Ke Xi , Shi Zhicong , Liu Liying
Published: August 2023

A NaCrO2@C flexible free-standing cathode was innovatively constructed via an electrospinning with layered oxide NaCrO2 as the active substance, which has excellent trade-offs in electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed intermolecular [3+3] annulation of benzoxazines with quinone compounds: access to spiro-heterocyclic scaffolds
Authors: Wei Qing-Yi , Zhou Ze , Yao Meng-Lian , Liu Ji-Kai , Wu Bin , Yang Jin-Ming
Published: August 2023

A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral [3+3] spiroannulation approach to access the spiro[benzo[b][1,4]oxazine-benzo[c]chromene skeleton is reported herein.
Synthesis of di/trifluoromethyl cyclopropane-dicarbonitriles via [2+1] annulation of fluoro-based diazoethanes with (alkylidene)malononitriles
Authors: Gao Cheng-Feng , Chen Yue-Ji , Nie Jing , Zhang Fa-Guang , Cheung Chi Wai , Ma Jun-An
Published: August 2023

The [2+1] annulation reaction of di/trifluorodiazoethane with (alkylidene)malononitriles is developed to access stereospecific and densely functionalized difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl cyclopropane-1,1-dicarbonitriles. Further elaborations afford structurally distinct cyclopropyl variants.
Chalcogen bonding interactions in a series of aromatic selenocyanates
Authors: Alfuth Jan , Jeannin Olivier , Fourmigué Marc
Published: August 2023

Selenium atoms in aromatic selenocyanates exhibit two sizeable σ-holes, leading to recurrent supramolecular organizations with chalcogen-bonded (ChB) chain-like motifs and antiparallel arrangement of the chains through weaker ChB.
Surface-modified ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes for the selective removal of heavy metals and inorganic groundwater contaminants: a review
Authors: Koli Mitil M. , Singh Swatantra P.
Published: August 2023

The review critically highlights the state-of-art techniques for selective membrane fabrication, action mechanism, and performance for groundwater contaminant removal.
CO2 flow electrolysis – limiting impact of heat and gas evolution in the electrolyte gap on current density
Authors: Martens Christina , Schmid Bernhard , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the effects of high current density CO2 electrolysis on the operation of GDE flow cells. It reports a new method of identifying windows of steady-state operation, complementing GDE optimization from a system-perspective.
Efficient synthesis of fully renewable, furfural-derived building blocks via formal Diels–Alder cycloaddition of atypical addends
Authors: Cioc Răzvan C. , Harsevoort Eva , Lutz Martin , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A.
Published: August 2023

Tethering an unreactive furan diene to a poorly reactive dienophile leads to a 100% biobased substrate for the intramolecular [4 + 2] DA cycloaddition. This novel platform molecule was transformed into a range of valuable, renewable intermediates.
Biomimetic cell culture for cell adhesive propagation for tissue engineering strategies
Authors: Luo Qiuchen , Shang Keyuan , Zhu Jing , Wu Zhaoying , Cao Tiefeng , Ahmed Abeer Ahmed Qaed , Huang Chixiang , Xiao Lin
Published: August 2023

This is the first review discussing material design and manufacture from the perspective of biomimetic cell culture.
A pyridine-capped quaterthiophene as an alternative to PEDOT:PSS, processable from organic solvents and without acidity, for more stable electronic devices
Authors: Hussien Eman J. , Cameron Joseph , Findlay Neil J. , Taylor Rupert G. D. , Johnson Michael , Kanibolotska Lyudmyla , Kanibolotsky Alexander L. , Skabara Peter J.
Published: August 2023

Doped quater(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), capped either side of the chain with two pyridine units, is a promising alternative to PEDOT:PSS, as it removes the issue of acid-induced degradation of devices caused by PEDOT:PSS.
A dual-functional superhydrophobic PDMS@ZnO@MS sponge for highly efficient oil–water separation and photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Li Dandan , Fu Jihong , Jiang Xinxing , Zhang Yaxue , Xue Wenxia
Published: August 2023

An attractive dual-functional superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane@ZnO@melamine (PDMS@ZnO@MS) sponge was prepared for fast oil–water separation and excellent photocatalytic degradation of dyes in wastewater.
Behaviour of organic adsorbable corrosion inhibitors containing N, S, and O functional groups on aluminium in weak acetic acid solutions as simulated HVDC cooling water
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xiao Kai , Zhang Guoqing , Han Xue , Cai Zhihong , Shao Zhen , Fan Youping , Wang Shengping
Published: August 2023

Functional groups of organic inhibitors containing N, O, S with lone-pair electrons chemically bond with aluminum to inhibit corrosion.
Effect of the effective refractive index on the radiative decay rate in nanoparticle thin films
Authors: Romero Manuel , Sánchez-Valencia Juan Ramón , Lozano Gabriel , Míguez Hernán
Published: August 2023

An in-depth study of the influence of the optical environment on the radiative decay rate in luminescent nanoparticles forming a thin film is presented. Theoretical predictions are experimentally validated and show a precise tuning of the emission.
Synthesis of amphiphilic hydantoin-based universal peptidomimetics as antibiotic agents
Authors: Caramiello Alessio M. , Bellucci Maria Cristina , Ottaviano Emerenziana , Ancona Silvia , Borghi Elisa , Volonterio Alessandro
Published: August 2023

Three model hydantoin-based universal peptidomimetics were designed, synthetized, and investigated as Gram positive and Gram negative antimicrobial agents.
Challenges and advancement in direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells: a review
Authors: Dhawale Dattatray S. , Biswas Saheli , Kaur Gurpreet , Giddey Sarbjit
Published: August 2023

This review discusses the challenges and recent advancements in direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells for electricity generation in a single step to pave the way for developing kilowatt-scale technology and offering future recommendations.
Does it mix? Insights and attempts to predict the formability of single phase mixed A-cation lead iodide perovskites
Authors: Minussi Fernando Brondani , da Silva Rogério Marcos , Araújo Eudes Borges
Published: August 2023

Current data suggest that radii and N–H bonds control the solubility and phase segregation in mixed A-cation lead iodide perovskites.
Celastraceae sesquiterpene pyridyl ligands
Authors: Dai Chen , Spivey Alan C.
Published: August 2023

Celastraceae sesquiterpene alkaloids display an array of biological properties and comprise oxygenated dihydroagarofuran cores often adorned with pyridyl macrodilactone bridging ligands. Here, the history and syntheses of these ligands are reviewed.
Regio- and stereoselective manganese-catalyzed hydrosulfonylation of alkynes: facile access to Z-vinyl sulfones
Authors: Han Jian , Zeng Li-Li , Huang Rong-Hui , Feng Xiao-Qing , Chen Fen-Er
Published: August 2023

We have reported a concise and complementary approach for the synthesis of high-selectivity (Z)-vinyl sulfones via a ligand-tuned metalloradical reactivity strategy.
Visible light induced deoxygenation of sulfoxides with isopropanol
Authors: Zhao Jinwu , Luo Zhigao , Liu Yipeng , Chen Shiting , He Junye , Xu Jingxiu , Hu Weigao , Huang Zunnan , Xiong Wenfang
Published: August 2023

We report visible light induced deoxygenation of sulfoxides to sulfides catalyzed by anthraquinone under irradiation at 430–440 nm at room temperature employing cheap isopropanol as a green reducing agent.
Enhancing high-performance supercapattery electrodes: harnessing structural and compositional synergies via phosphorus doping on bimetallic boride for rapid charging
Authors: Sivagurunathan Amarnath T. , Kavinkumar T. , Seenivasan Selvaraj , Kwon Yongchai , Kim Do-Heyoung
Published: August 2023

Durable, nano-porous P-NCB is synthesized with a high specific capacity of 1576 C g−1 at 2 A g−1. P-NCB//R-GO based supercapattery device exhibits a high energy density of 41.56 W h kg−1 even at a high power density of 15 000 W kg−1.
A novel vanadium coordination supramolecular network with multiple active sites for ultra-durable aqueous zinc metal batteries
Authors: Lai Shimei , Tao Zengren , Cui Jiawei , Wang Anding , Tan Yuanming , Chen Zhao , Yang Yangyi
Published: August 2023

A novel vanadium coordination supramolecular network was synthesized, and employed as the cathode for zinc metal batteries, and exhibit excellent rate performance and ultra-long cycle life.
Mitophagy-promoting agents and their ability to promote healthy-aging
Authors: Srivastava Vijigisha , Gross Einav
Published: August 2023

The removal of damaged mitochondrial components through a process called mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is essential for the proper function of the mitochondrial network. Hence, mitophagy is vital for the health of all aerobic animals, including humans. Unfortunately, mitophagy declines with age. Many age-associated diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, are characterized by the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and oxidative damage. Therefore, activating the mitophagy process with small molecules is an emerging strategy for treating multiple aging diseases. Recent studies have identified natural and synthetic compounds that promote mitophagy and lifespan. This article aims to summarize the existing knowledge about these substances. For readers’ convenience, the knowledge is presented in a table that indicates the chemical data of each substance and its effect on lifespan. The impact on healthspan and the molecular mechanism is reported if known. The article explores the potential of utilizing a combination of mitophagy-inducing drugs within a therapeutic framework and addresses the associated challenges of this strategy. Finally, we discuss the process that balances mitophagy, i.e. mitochondrial biogenesis. In this process, new mitochondrial components are generated to replace the ones cleared by mitophagy. Furthermore, some mitophagy-inducing substances activate biogenesis (e.g. resveratrol and metformin). Finally, we discuss the possibility of combining mitophagy and biogenesis enhancers for future treatment. In conclusion, this article provides an up-to-date source of information about natural and synthetic substances that activate mitophagy and, hopefully, stimulates new hypotheses and studies that promote healthy human aging worldwide.
Influence of Perspective Distortion in Laryngoscopy
Authors: Veltrup Reinhard , Kniesburges Stefan , Semmler Marion
Published: August 2023

Objective:

An experiment with controllable boundaries was designed to assess the influence of the recording angle and distance on two-dimensional (2D) imaging in laryngoscopy and resulting 2D parameter calculation derived from the glottal area waveform (GAW).

Method:

Two high-speed camera setups were used to synchronously record an oscillating synthetic vocal fold (VF) model, simulating a high-speed videoendoscopy. One camera recorded at variable lateral recording angles and a reference camera in superior perspective. This was performed at different physiological recording distances and for two oscillation modes (with/without contacting VFs). The GAW was derived from the segmented glottis, and two parameters each for the categories of symmetry, periodicity, and closure were calculated, as well as two derivative measures. The percentage difference between the variable and reference camera value pairs was calculated, and the angle and height dependencies were quantified using linear regression.

Results:

The visual perception of a laryngoscopy was found to be influenced by the lateral recording angle, which may lead to misinterpretation of VF symmetry among inexperienced observers. The strongest influence of recording angle was observed for symmetry parameters, the strongest being the Amplitude Symmetry Index with up to 2.6%/° (
p
< .05). A dependence on the recording distance was only found for the Maximum Area Declination Rate.

Conclusions:

The recording angle in 2D laryngoscopy should be carefully considered during visual inspection of the VF dynamics. Most of the investigated objective parameters were unaffected by the examined perspective distortion. However, especially left–right symmetry measures should only be used under controlled boundary conditions to avoid misdiagnosis and misinterpretation.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23961183
STFT: Spatial and temporal feature fusion for transformer tracker
Authors: Zhang Hao , Piao Yan , Qi Nan
Published: August 2023

Siamese‐based trackers have demonstrated robust performance in object tracking, while Transformers have achieved widespread success in object detection. Currently, many researchers use a hybrid structure of convolutional neural networks and Transformers to design the backbone network of trackers, aiming to improve performance. However, this approach often underutilises the global feature extraction capability of Transformers. The authors propose a novel Transformer‐based tracker that fuses spatial and temporal features. The tracker consists of a multilayer spatial feature fusion network (MSFFN), a temporal feature fusion network (TFFN), and a prediction head. The MSFFN includes two phases: feature extraction and feature fusion, and both phases are constructed with a Transformer. Compared with the hybrid structure of “CNNs + Transformer,” the proposed method enhances the continuity of feature extraction and the ability of information interaction between features, enabling comprehensive feature extraction. Moreover, to consider the temporal dimension, the authors propose a TFFN for updating the template image. The network utilises the Transformer to fuse the tracking results of multiple frames with the initial frame, allowing the template image to continuously incorporate more information and maintain the accuracy of target features. Extensive experiments show that the tracker STFT achieves state‐of‐the‐art results on multiple benchmarks (OTB100, VOT2018, LaSOT, GOT‐10K, and UAV123). Especially, the tracker STFT achieves remarkable area under the curve score of 0.652 and 0.706 on the LaSOT and OTB100 benchmark respectively.
Public policies for cyber security of sustainable dominated renewable smart grids
Authors: Dehghani Moslem , Niknam Taher , GhasemiGarpachi Mina , Alhelou Hassan Haes , Pourbehzadi Motahareh , Javidi Giti , Sheybani Ehsan
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this paper is to examine cyber security issues related to smart grids (SGs), such as prior cyber‐attacks, possible vulnerability issues, and enhanced cyber‐security procedures for SGs on a technical and management basis. When designing public policies for SGs, it is important to consider both the motivations and obstacles to cyber protection and socio‐economic conditions. Furthermore, the importance of suggested policies is viewed from various perspectives. The present paper provides an assessment of a group of policies specified by various stakeholders as having the potential for developing SG cyber security. The methodology for the formation of such a group of policies includes a perfect examination of global experience and meetings with experts from various fields. Subsequently, such policies are evaluated using a Delphi questionnaire aimed at assessing their advantages in pursuing investment goals for cyber security. The first result is that every policy is considered a positive effect of all goals, different in the priority assigned to each of them. The policies that received the most attention were: “regulatory changes policy to foster innovation in cyber security of SGs,” “regulation of new business models to improve cyber security and detect malicious attacks” and “establish a cyber‐security governance strategy.”
Research on vibration energy harvesting technology of power equipment based on alternating magnet array
Authors: Lv Pinlei , Fan Chengyu , Yang Aijun , Yuan Huan , Chu Jifeng , Rong Mingzhe , Wang Xiaohua
Published: August 2023

Vibration with a frequency of 100 Hz is widely distributed in the power equipment, and it can provide a new way to supply energy for sensors by vibration energy harvesting. The vibration energy harvesting method based on electromagnetic induction principle was studied through the arrayed structure of magnets and coils. Static magnetic field models were established for four magnet array structures and it was found that the alternating magnet array has the largest magnetic flux and magnetic flux gradient. Based on the alternating magnet array, prototypes of energy harvester with vertical and parallel movement mode were proposed. Through structural parameter optimisation analysis, two different energy harvesters were fabricated and it was found that the energy harvester with a parallel movement mode has better output performances. The energy harvester could provide output voltage/current and power of 8.35 V/17.39 mA and 15.13 mW (matched resistance is 200 Ω) at an acceleration of 5 m·s−2. The 100 mF capacitor could be charged to 2.72 V within 300 s, and the final voltage of the capacitor is greater than 3 V, which could sustainably drive commercial wireless temperature/humidity sensors.
Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Astbury Stuart , Baskar Aishwarya , Grove Jane I. , Kaye Philip , Aravinthan Aloysious D. , James Martin W. , Clarke Christopher , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Venkatachalapathy Suresh Vasan
Published: August 2023

Background and study aims Pancreatic cysts are common incidental findings, with an estimated prevalence of 13% to 15% in imaging done for other reasons. Diagnosis often relies on collection of cyst fluid, but tissue sampling using micro-forceps may allow for a more reliable diagnosis and higher yield of DNA for next-generation sequencing (NGS). The primary aim was to assess the performance of NGS in identifying mucinous cyst. The secondary aims were to assess DNA yield between the cyst fluid and cyst wall tissue, complication rate and performance of conventional investigations.

Patients and methods Twenty-four patients referred for endoscopic ultrasound were recruited. Biopsies were taken using micro-forceps and the AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot panel was used for NGS, a polymerase chain reaction assay targeting several hotspots within 50 genes, including GNAS, KRAS and VHL.

Results The concentration of DNA extracted from 24 cyst wall samples was significantly higher than in the nine of 24 available matched cyst fluid samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of NGS for diagnosing mucinous cyst were 93%, 50% and 84%; for standard of care, they were -66.6%, 50% and 63.1%; and for standard of care with NGS, they were 100%, 50%, and 89.4% respectively. Cyst wall biopsy was able to diagnose 19 of 24 cysts (4 high risk, 7 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, 4 cysts of mucinous origin, and 4 benign).

Conclusions NGS data correlate well with histology and may aid in diagnosis and risk stratification of pancreatic cysts. Cyst wall biopsy performs well in diagnosing cysts but was inadequate in five of 24 patients.
Synthesis of N-Propargyl Pyrrolylamides and Theoretical Study of Pyrrolylimide Reduction by NaBH4
Authors: Basceken Sinan
Published: August 2023

This study is divided into two parts: experimental and theoretical. In the experimental part, N-propargyl-substituted pyrrolylamide derivatives are synthesized in five steps starting from pyrrole. The main features of this procedure are (i) the synthesis of 2- and 3-nitropyrrole, (ii) the introduction of a propargyl group on the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole, (iii) coupling of various substituents with the alkyne functionality by the Sonogashira reaction, (iv) synthesis of pyrrolylimides by a tin-catalyzed reaction with phthalic anhydride, and, finally, (v) reduction of pyrrolylimides with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of water. The theoretical part concerns the reduction mechanism of the pyrrolylimide by NaBH4. The hybrid functional B3LYP in density functional theory is used to determine and discuss the energetics of the compounds.
Antenatal Care Services for Migrant Workers in Northern Thailand: Challenges, Initiatives, and Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: Wungrath Jukkrit
Published: August 2023

This review article emphasizes the importance of addressing the unique health care needs of migrant workers in northern Thailand, with a focus on antenatal care services. There has been an increase in the number of migrant workers in the region. The challenges include language and cultural barriers, legal and administrative issues, inadequate health facilities and staff, and stigma and discrimination. However, by implementing a comprehensive set of recommendations, including strengthening collaboration, developing culturally sensitive programs, and increasing health care facility accessibility, stakeholders can create a more inclusive and supportive health care environment for migrant workers. This will ultimately contribute to healthier pregnancies and better outcomes for both mothers and their newborns. Prioritizing the needs of migrant workers is crucial for the successful integration of this population into the local health care workforce, thereby improving the health care system in northern Thailand.
A Young Boy with 21q21.1 Microdeletion Showing Speech Delay, Spastic Diplegia, and MRI Abnormalities: Original Case Report
Authors: Pavone Piero , Falsaperla Raffaele , Ruggieri Martino , Marino Simona Domenica , Parano Enrico , Pappalardo Xena Giada
Published: August 2023

Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome is a rare disorder affecting the long arm of chromosome 21 and manifesting with wide phenotypic features depending on the size and position of the deleted region. In the syndrome, three distinct deleted regions have been distinguished: region 1, from the centromere to approximately 31.2 Mb (21q11.2-q22.11); region 2, from 31.2 to 36 Mb (21q22.11-q22.12); and region 3, from 36 to 37.5 Mb to the telomere (21q22.12-q22.3). The clinical features are highly variable manifesting with mild, poorly recognizable signs or with severe symptoms including craniofacial dysmorphism, growth failure, developmental delay, behavioral/affective abnormalities, and systemic malformations. We report here the case of a young boy with speech delay, mild spastic diplegia, and brain anomalies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The genetic analysis displayed a microdeletion of the long arm of chromosome 21 approximately extending up to 1.08 Mb. Clinical presentation of the patient and cases of 21q21 deletion reported by the literature are discussed.
In situ temperature measurement in the pressure chamber of diamond anvil cell
Authors: Cao Min , Jiang Dawei , Han Muyun , Gao Yang , Han Yonghao , Gao Chunxiao
Published: August 2023

The measurements of temperature directly influence the reasonability of experiments at high pressure and high temperature. In this article, we proposed a new integration design, the built-in thermocouple, for in situ temperature measurements in high-pressure–high-temperature experiments by fusing the characteristics of thermocouples and diamond anvil cells together. By integrating an S-type thermocouple inside the gasket of a diamond anvil cell, we successfully measured the temperature of the sample straight inside the pressure chamber at high pressure and high temperature. The setup underwent multiple experimental tests using internal and external heating techniques, the results of which revealed its capability to directly characterize the temperature of the sample with comparable accuracy and reliability to that of the typical external thermocouple setup. The proposed setup has also resolved the issue of the discrepancy of temperatures inside and outside the sample chamber and enormously expedited the temperature measurements by significantly reducing the response time of the thermocouple. In conclusion, the built-in thermocouple is a promising approach toward high-efficiency, in situ temperature measurements under extreme conditions.
Extreme multistability in symmetrically coupled clocks
Authors: Su Zhen , Kurths Jürgen , Liu Yaru , Yanchuk Serhiy
Published: August 2023

Extreme multistability (EM) is characterized by the emergence of infinitely many coexisting attractors or continuous families of stable states in dynamical systems. EM implies complex and hardly predictable asymptotic dynamical behavior. We analyze a model for pendulum clocks coupled by springs and suspended on an oscillating base and show how EM can be induced in this system by specifically designed coupling. First, we uncover that symmetric coupling can increase the dynamical complexity. In particular, the coexistence of multiple isolated attractors and continuous families of stable periodic states is generated in a symmetric cross-coupling scheme of four pendulums. These coexisting infinitely many states are characterized by different levels of phase synchronization between the pendulums, including anti-phase and in-phase states. Some of the states are characterized by splitting of the pendulums into groups with silent sub-threshold and oscillating behavior, respectively. The analysis of the basins of attraction further reveals the complex dependence of EM on initial conditions.