bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Special Role of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in the Muslim Holy Shrines in Jerusalem
Authors: Kattan Victor
Published: July 2020

This article explores the meaning of the Jerusalem clause in Article 9(2) of the Israel–Jordan Peace Treaty. It begins by considering the drafting of the clause, before analysing subsequent agreements between Israel, Palestine, and Jordan. The article then turns to history to explore the origins of Jordan’s special role, which amounted to a particular rule of customary international law, from 1967, when Israel recognised that special role after it occupied East Jerusalem, until 1994, when it was codified in the Peace Treaty. The article concludes by explaining that Jordan’s special role is comprised of its custodianship of the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem, with its attendant duties of maintaining, protecting, and regulating access to the shrines and that Israel is obligated to give due regard to Jordan’s primary role in the exercise of these duties within the spaces of these shrines.
Under Material Skin Lie the Bones of Identity
Authors: Boulton Padraig , Hall Peter
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the automated recognition of objects and materials and their relation to depictions in images of all kinds: photographs, artwork, doodles by children, and any other visual representation. The way artists of all cultures, ages and skill levels depict objects and materials furnishes a gamut of ‘depictions’ so wide as to present a severe challenge to current algorithms — none of them perform satisfactorily across any but a few types of depiction. Indeed, most algorithms exhibit a significant performance loss when the images used are non photographic in nature. This loss can be explained using the tacit assumptions that underlay nearly every algorithm for recognition. Appeal to the art history literature provides an alternative set of assumptions, that are more robust to variations in depiction and which offer new ways forward for automated image analysis. This is important, not just to advance computer vision, but because of the new understanding and applications that it opens.
Ecological wood anatomy of Alnus nepalensis (Betulaceae) throughout Nepal
Authors: Noshiro Shuichi , Suzuki Mitsuo , Joshi Lajmina , Ikeda Hiroshi , Ohba Hideaki
Published: July 2020

Variation in the wood structure of Alnus nepalensis D. Don (Betulaceae) in relation to tree size and habitat altitude was studied in four areas of Nepal: Tamur, Rolwaling, Budi Gandaki, and Bajhang-Khaptad. Alnus nepalensis is a pioneer tree distributed in the Himalayas from northern India to southwestern China and grows throughout Nepal in a wide altitudinal range from 200 m in the tropical zone to 3030 m at the upper limit of the temperate zone. Ecological trends in the wood structure of Alnus nepalensis varied between the studied areas, distinct in the Tamur area, but indistinct in other areas, and tended to be detected in areas with specimens from altitudinal ranges of 2000 m. When all the specimens were separated at 1800 m in elevation and analyzed as two altitudinal groups, features of vessel size and distribution and the ratio of solitary vessels had a significant correlation with tree height in both groups, and tall trees tended to have larger, more solitary vessels. Vessel element and fiber lengths did not have any significant trends in the lower group but had a negative correlation with altitude in the upper group along with the reduction of tree height. Thus, vessel size seems to facilitate the height growth of this pioneer tree, and shorter tracheary elements and more vessel multiples seem to be related to the adaptation of smaller trees at higher elevations.
Wood and bark of Buddleja: uniseriate phellem, and systematic and ecological patterns
Authors: Frankiewicz Kamil E. , Chau John H. , Oskolski Alexei A.
Published: July 2020

Wood anatomy of Buddleja is well-explored but not in many southern African members, which form a grade of species and small clades that form successive sister groups to the rest of the genus, and its bark structure has not been studied at all. We provide new descriptions of wood anatomy for twelve species, including nearly all Buddleja from southern Africa and two species of Freylinia in the sister group of Buddleja. We also describe bark structure from fifteen species. To assess if wood anatomy provides phylogenetic and/or ecological signal, we compiled data on wood traits and climatic variables from the distributions of 53 species. Wood traits counteracting cavitation correlated with higher temperature and precipitation seasonality; simultaneously they were better expressed in species with smaller maximal plant height. It is likely that hotter and drier areas harbour smaller plants which have traits conveying higher conductance safety. Bark structure varies considerably. In bark of Buddleja section Gomphostigma, periderm is initiated in the outer cortex and develops thin-walled phellem, and sclerification of their phloem does not occur. This resembles bark in Freylinia, supporting the position of section Gomphostigma as sister to the rest of Buddleja. In the remaining Buddleja species, bark is characterised by formation of periderm with phelloid cells in the secondary phloem. The phellem is often uniseriate, a condition not reported elsewhere. Its formation occurs close in time to solid sclerification of the cut-off phloem, suggesting a possible novel ontogenetic mechanism.
“What is 291?”
Authors: Cole Lori
Published: July 2020

“What is 291?” The results of this survey, issued in 1914 by the photographer Alfred Stieglitz to artists, writers, and patrons of his gallery, known by its address at 291 Fifth Avenue, were published in his magazineCamera Work(1903–1917). However, just as Stieglitz was issuing the questionnaire, his associates—Marius de Zayas, Paul Haviland, Agnes Ernst Meyer, and Francis Picabia—were already planning a magazine called291(1915–1916), thereby transforming the question even as it was being asked. Read as a response to the questionnaire, the publication291destabilizes and amplifies the community Stieglitz had established, while visually embedding its history into the pages of the new magazine. Taking291as a case study of the avant-garde and its legacies, this essay traces the origins of the magazine from its predecessors—that is, the periodicalCamera Workand the gallery 291—to consider “What is 291?” and its afterlife. Emerging from the intersection of a magazine and gallery as a new iteration of print culture,291worked to expand the American avant-garde and to reimagine the magazine as a medium.
The Future of Avant-Garde Studies
Authors: Asholt Wolfgang , Bürger Peter , Forgács Éva , Hjartarson Benedikt , Piotrowski Piotr , van den Berg Hubert
Published: July 2020

A decade ago at a conference in Poznań, leading scholars of the avant-garde were asked to share their thoughts on the future of their discipline. Now we are launching the first Journal of Avant-Garde Studies it is time to reflect on these visions from scholars mainly based in Europe. Have we moved in different directions or have promises remained unfulfilled? Contemporary scholars of the avant-garde reflected on the round table discussion and offered their views on where we will go from here.
Betta nuluhon, a new species of fighting fish from western Sabah, Malaysia (Teleostei: Osphronemidae)
Authors: KAMAL N. S. S. , TAN H. H. , NG CASEY K. C.
Published: July 2020

Betta nuluhon, new species, is described from a hill stream habitat in western Sabah. This species is allied to both B. chini and B. balunga, and differs from rest of its congeners in the B. akarensis group in having the following combination of characters: yellow iris when live; mature males with greenish-blue iridescence on opercle when live; mature fish with distinct transverse bars on caudal fin; slender body (body depth 22.1–25.2 % SL); belly area with faint reticulate pattern (scales posteriorly rimmed with black); absence of tiny black spots on anal fin; lateral scales 29–31 (mode 30); predorsal scales 20–21 (mode 20). Notes on a fresh series of B. chini are also provided.
Vanmanenia intermedia Fang, 1935, a valid hill-stream species of loach (Teleostei: Gastromyzontidae) from the middle Yangtze River basin, Southwest China
Authors: DENG SHU-QING , ZHANG E
Published: July 2020

Vanmanenia intermedia, which has long been synonymized with V. pingchowensis since 1980, is here revalidated using morphological characters and molecular evidences, and redescribed on the basis of topotypic specimens. This species is distinguished from all other congeneric species by the following combination of characters: triangular-shaped rostral lobules without secondary rostral barbels; distal edge of dorsal-fin slightly concave; no longitudinal black stripe on the flank; a longer snout (length 52.6–64.5 % of HL); a more backwards-placed anus (the vent to anal distance 34.7–46.1% of the pelvic to anal distance); a slender caudal peduncle (depth 9.1–11.3 % of SL); a longer anal-fin base (length 7.5–9.5 % of SL); and a smaller gill opening with its upper extremity closer to the level of the lower margin of the orbit. The validity of V. intermedia is also confirmed by its significant cyt b gene sequence divergence with all sampled congeneric species and its monophyly recovered in the cyt b gene-based phylogenetic analysis.
A new species of butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the highlands of Southeastern Brazil
Authors: BARBOSA EDUARDO P. , AGUIAR TAMARA M. C. , ROSA AUGUSTO H. B. , ZACCA THAMARA , FREITAS ANDRÉ V. L.
Published: July 2020

A new species of the butterfly satyrine subtribe Euptychiina is described: Carminda surpresa sp. nov. This species is apparently restricted to high altitude wet grasslands in southeastern Brazil. The description is based on morphological features, mainly from the wings, and male and female genitalia, and molecular data were also obtained and are used to validate the new species. Information about the geographic distribution, habitat and immature stages morphology is also provided. The systematic position of C. surpresa sp. nov. is discussed based on a molecular analysis which includes all described species of Carminda in addition to other species of Satyrinae.
A new species of Bathynomus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 (Malacostraca: Peracarida: Isopoda: Cirolanidae) from the upper Miocene of the Guadalquivir Basin (Spain)
Authors: HYŽNÝ MATÚŠ , CAMPOS ILDEFONSO BAJO , CARRETERO JOAQUÍN CÁRDENAS
Published: July 2020

Today representatives of the giant cirolanid isopods of the genus Bathynomus inhabit tropical to warm-temperate waters of the West Atlantic and the Indo-West Pacific. In not so distant geological past, however, the genus was present also in the Mediterranean, as documented by numerous fossils from the Plio–Pleistocene of Italy. Herein, a somewhat older occurrence of the genus is reported, from the North-East Atlantic. Based on a single posterior moult from the upper Miocene (Tortonian) of southwestern Spain, a new species is described. Bathynomus civisi sp. nov. differs from its congeners by both uropod rami having the obtuse distolateral corner produced as a distinct tip and a wider gap between the second and third side distal spines than between others. The new species is so far known only from the type locality in close vicinity of Arroyo Trujillo, in the municipality of Cantillana (Seville, Spain), where the marls of the Écija Formation are exposed. At the time of deposition of these marls, the area represented a part of the Norbetic Strait, a corridor connecting the North-East Atlantic with the Mediterranean. The new occurrence reported herein further supports the environmental preferences of the genus throughout its geological past for deep-marine settings.
Projected Changes in South Asian Monsoon Low Pressure Systems
Authors: Dong Wenhao , Ming Yi , Ramaswamy V.
Published: July 2020

Monsoon low pressure systems (MLPSs) are among the most important synoptic-scale disturbances of the South Asian summer monsoon. Potential changes in their characteristics in a warmer climate would have broad societal impacts. Yet, the findings from a few existing studies are inconclusive. We use the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled climate model CM4.0 to examine the projected changes in the simulated MLPS activity under a future emission scenario. It is shown that CM4.0 can skillfully simulate the number, genesis location, intensity, and lifetime of MLPSs. Global warming gives rise to a significant decrease in MLPS activity. An analysis of several large-scale environmental variables, both dynamic and thermodynamic, suggests that the decrease in MLPS activity can be attributed mainly to a reduction in low-level relative vorticity over the core genesis region. The decreased vorticity is consistent with weaker large-scale ascent, which leads to less vorticity production through the stretching term in the vorticity equation. Assuming a fixed radius of influence, the projected reduction in MLPSs would significantly lower the associated precipitation over north-central India, despite an overall increase in mean precipitation.
Convicting the Innocent or Freeing the Guilty? Public Attitudes Toward Criminal Justice Errors
Authors: Zhuo Yue
Published: July 2020

Two types of judicial errors—convicting an innocent person or acquitting a guilty person—challenge the integrity and legitimacy of criminal justice. How citizens view these errors plays an important role in criminal justice policy. Utilizing data from a national survey, this study applies the established Western theories to explore the correlates of public attitudes regarding the relative acceptance of wrongful convictions and erroneous acquittals in contemporary China. The findings lend support to both constructionist/conflict and symbolic theories.
The impact of river regulation in the Tigris and Euphrates on the Arvandroud Estuary
Authors: Haghighi Ali Torabi , Sadegh Mojtaba , Bhattacharjee Joy , Sönmez Mehmet Emin , Noury Mojtaba , Yilmaz Nese , Noori Roohollah , Kløve Bjørn
Published: July 2020

The Arvandroud river (also known as Shatt-al-Arab) and its estuary have been degraded due to the changing river flow regime in the Tigris and Euphrates. This study assessed changes in flow from the major rivers and the impacts on the estuary. To assess the river flow changes, three major flow regime attributes were computed: timing (TIF), magnitude (MIF), and variability (VIF). By combining these indices, the total flow regime impact factor (IF) was scaled between 0 and 1, and classified into five groups: Low (0.80<IF<1.0), Incipient (0.60<IF<0.80), Moderate (0.40<IF<0.60), Severe (0.2<IF<0.40), and Drastic (0.0<IF<0.20). Flow regime impact maps were then created for 1941–1955, 1960–1970, 1975–1984, and 1990–2000. These revealed that, over time, the impact has extended along the basin from downstream to upstream, with a significant flow regime change from 1941–1955 to 1990–2000 in the Tigris, Euphrates, and Arvandroud. Analysis of remote sensing data revealed that the change in the flow regime has led to land degradation in the Arvandroud estuary during the past 46 years (1972–2018). In addition, the impact of the Iran–Iraq war (based on degradation of vegetation cover between 1985 and 1988) is 5.1 times of mean rate of change during 1972–2018. This study thus contributes new information on estuaries and the impact of upstream land and water use change.
Organizational Inclusion and Turnover Intentions of Federal Employees with Disabilities
Authors: Chordiya Rashmi
Published: July 2020

People with disabilities have experienced a long history of prejudice and disenfranchisement. Negative attitudes and stigmas continue to act as barriers to employment and career success of individuals with disabilities. However, diversity and inclusion of people with disabilities is an under-researched area in public administration. This study contributes to the literature by examining the turnover intentions of federal employees with disabilities as compared to employees without disabilities. In addition, this study investigates the moderating effects of inclusive organizational practices (i.e., organizational fairness, empowerment, openness, supportiveness, and cooperativeness) in lowering the turnover intentions of federal employees, and particularly, for employees with disabilities. Findings of this study indicate, as compared to employees without disabilities, the odds of demonstrating an intention to leave their current organization are significantly higher for employees with disabilities. While other inclusion practices did not have the expected effects, organizational fairness was found to be a key factor mitigating the negative relationship between employee’s disability status and turnover intentions.
Mapping the Research Landscape of Strategic Human Resource Management in Nonprofit Organizations: A Systematic Review and Avenues for Future Research
Authors: Baluch Alina M. , Ridder Hans-Gerd
Published: July 2020

A decade after key theoretical developments in strategic human resource management (SHRM) in nonprofit organizations (NPOs), we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the disparate strands of empirical evidence. Furthermore, this growing field requires integration and synthesis of new themes and conceptual developments. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of SHRM studies in NPOs published between 2008 and 2017. Our review of 74 articles synthesizes a fragmented body of research and maps out the relationships into a more integrated whole. By mapping the research landscape, we provide insights into the tensions NPOs face between external pressures and values, highlighting the underexplored role of managerial discretion in shaping NPOs’ differing responses. Our review expands the resource orientation to include a social capital dimension and identifies new empirical manifestations of human resource management (HRM) types. We offer avenues for research on content, process, outcomes of SHRM, and discuss how the interplay across key themes can inform the development of the field.
An intelligent prediction model of the tool wear based on machine learning in turning high strength steel
Authors: Cheng Minghui , Jiao Li , Shi Xuechun , Wang Xibin , Yan Pei , Li Yongping
Published: July 2020

In the process of high strength steel turning, tool wear will reduce the surface quality of the workpiece and increase cutting force and cutting temperature. To obtain the fine surface quality and avoid unnecessary loss, it is necessary to monitor the state of tool wear in the dry turning. In this article, the cutting force, vibration signal and surface texture of the machined surface were collected by tool condition monitoring system and signal processing techniques are being used for extracting the time-domain, frequency-domain and time-frequency features of cutting force and vibration. The gray level processing technique is used to extract the features of the gray co-occurrence matrix of the surface texture and found that these features changed simultaneously when the cutting tool broke. After this, an intelligent prediction model of tool wear was built using the support vector regression (SVR) whose kernel function parameters were optimized by the grid search algorithm (GS), the genetic algorithm (GA) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm respectively. The features extracted from the signals and surface texture are used to train the prediction model in MATLAB. It was found that after the surface texture features were fused using the intelligent prediction model on the basis of the features of cutting force and vibration, prediction accuracy of the proposed method is found as 97.32% and 96.72% respectively under the two prediction models of GA-SVR and GS-SVR. Moreover, the intelligent prediction model can not only predict the tool wear under different cutting conditions, but also the different wear stages in a single wear cycle and the absolute error between the predicted value and the actual value is less than 10 μm, the confidence coefficient of prediction curve is around 0.99.
Compression stress strengthening modelling of a ultrafine-grained equiatomic SPS CoCrFeNiNb high-entropy alloy
Authors: Cabibbo Marcello , Průša Filip , Šenková Alexandra , Školáková Andrea , Kučera Vojtěch , Veselka Zbyněk
Published: July 2020

High-entropy alloys are known to show exceptionally high mechanical properties, both compression and tensile strength, and unique physical properties, such as their phase stability. These quite unusual properties are primarily due to the microstructure generated by mechanical alloying processes, such as conventional induction arc melting, powder metallurgy, or mechanical alloying. In the present study, an equiatomic CoCrFeNiNb high-entropy alloy was prepared by a sequence of conventional induction melting, powder metallurgy, and compaction via spark plasma sintering. The high-entropy alloys showed uniform sub-micrometer grain microstructure consisted by a mixture of an fcc solid solution strengthened by a hcp Laves phase and a third intergranular oxide phase. The as-cast high-entropy alloys showed an ultimate compression strength (UCS) of ∼1400 MPa, which after sintering and compaction at 1273 K increased up to ∼2400 MPa. Extensive transmission electron microscopy quantitative analyses were carried out to model the UCS. A quite good agreement between the microstructure-strengthening model and the experimental UCS was found.
Influence of axial skewed slots on the rotating instability of a low-speed axial compressor
Authors: Li Tao , Wu Yadong , Ouyang Hua
Published: July 2020

Experimental and numerical analyses were performed on a low-speed axial compressor rotor to investigate the aerodynamic and acoustic effects of axial skewed slots casing treatment on the rotating instability. The experimental results showed that the stall margin could be improved by 8.0% and the frequency broadband hump owing to the rotating instability was suppressed effectively. In the noise spectra, the two dominant broadband humps on both sides of the blade-passing frequency also reduced in amplitude. Full-annulus unsteady computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed near the design condition. Time- and frequency-domain analyses as well as a proper orthogonal decomposition method were applied to obtain the oscillation, frequency, energy and flow characteristics of the rotating instability. Axial skewed slots casing treatment causes a distinct reduction in the amplitude of the pressure fluctuations and frequency spectra with a decrease in the energy of the rotating instability modes. The slots alleviated the tip flow blockage by the periodic injection and removal of the fluid from the passage, which enabled a high tip clearance flow downstream with little impingement on the neighbouring blade tip.
Comprehensive analysis of the thermohydraulic performance of cooling networks subject to fouling and undergoing retrofit projects
Authors: Lugo-Granados Hebert , Canizalez-Dávalos Lázaro , Picón-Núñez Martín
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to develop guidelines for the placing of new coolers in cooling systems subject to retrofit. The effects of the accumulation of scale on the flow system are considered. A methodology to assess the interconnected effect of local fluid velocity and fouling deposition is developed. The local average fluid velocity depends on the water flow rate distribution across the piping network. The methodology has four main calculation components: a) the determination of the flow rate distribution across the piping network, b) the prediction of fouling deposition, c) determination of the hydraulic changes and the effect on fouling brought about by the placing of new exchangers into an existing structure, and d) the calculation of the total cooling load and pressure drop of the system. The set of disturbances introduced to the system through fouling and the incorporation of new coolers, create network responses that eventually influence the cooling capacity and the pressure drop. In this work, these interactions are analysed using two case studies. The results indicate that, from the thermal point of view, the incorporation of new heat exchangers is recommended in series. The limit is the point where the increase of the total pressure drop causes a reduction in the overall volumetric flow rate. New coolers added in parallel create a reduction of pressure drop and an increase in the overall water flow rate; however, this increase is not enough to counteract the reduction of fluid velocity and heat capacity removal.
NEAT1 Negatively Regulates Cell Proliferation and Migration of Neuroblastoma Cells by miR-183-5p/FOXP1 Via the ERK/AKT Pathway
Authors: Pan Weikang , Wu Ali , Yu Hui , Yu Qiang , Zheng Baijun , Yang Weili , Tian Donghao , Gao Ya , Li Peng
Published: July 2020

Neuroblastoma, a malignant tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is an aggressive extracranial tumor in childhood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered to play a key role in the eukaryotic regulatory gene network and be involved in a wide variety of biological processes. We observed that the expression of lncRNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript-1 (NEAT1) was significantly decreased in human neuroblastoma tissues and cell lines, compared with the normal. We observed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion with Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay to investigate the effects of NEAT1, miR-183-5p, or FOXP1 on neuroblastoma cells. And we also used StarBase and luciferase reporter gene assay to predict and confirm the interaction of NEAT1, miR-183-5p, and FOXP1 in neuroblastoma cells. First, overexpression of NEAT1 suppressed cell proliferation and played a key role in cell migration and invasion. In addition, NEAT1 was demonstrated to directly interact with miR-183-5p and exerted its antioncogenic role in neuroblastoma by negatively regulating miR-183-5p expression. miR-183-5p suppressed the expression of FOXP1 and regulated cell proliferation and migration by directly targeting FOXP1 mRNA 3′-untranslated region. Moreover, FOXP1 antagonized the effect of miR-183-5p on the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase/protein kinase B (ERK/AKT), while FOXP1 siRNA increased the reduced phosphorylation of ERK/AKT caused by miR-183-5p inhibitor in neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, these data showed that NEAT1 negatively regulated cell proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma by the miR-183-5p/FOXP1 axis via suppression of the ERK/AKT pathway. Our findings may provide a new target for the study of pathogenesis and treatment of neuroblastoma.
Factors Associated With the Acceptance of New TRICARE and Medicare Patients by Health Care Providers
Authors: Anand Priyanka , Ben-Shalom Yonatan , Schone Eric
Published: July 2020

We use data from the 2012-2015 TRICARE Standard Survey to examine factors that affect civilian health care providers’ acceptance of patients covered by the U.S. Department of Defense’s TRICARE insurance program and Medicare. We find that 74% of physicians report that they accept new TRICARE patients compared with 83% accepting new Medicare patients; in contrast, only 36% of mental health providers report that they accept new Medicare and/or TRICARE patients. Among the most common reasons provided by both physicians and mental health providers for not accepting either insurance type are insufficient reimbursement or their specialty not being covered; lack of awareness of TRICARE is also frequently cited, particularly among mental health providers. These findings suggest that successful strategies to increase provider acceptance of TRICARE and Medicare may include improving reimbursement rates and specialty coverage and increasing provider awareness of TRICARE through outreach programs.
A Pilot Study of Metabolomic Pathways Associated With Fatigue in Survivors of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chou Yun-Jen , Kober Kord M. , Kuo Ching-Hua , Yeh Kun-Huei , Kuo Tien-Chueh , Tseng Yufeng J. , Miaskowski Christine , Liang Jin-Tung , Shun Shiow-Ching
Published: July 2020

Background:

Over 30% of cancer survivors experience chronic fatigue. An alteration in energy metabolism is one of the hypothesized mechanisms for cancer-related fatigue (CRF). No studies have evaluated for changes in metabolic profiles in cancer survivors with CRF. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate for differences in metabolic profiles between fatigued and non-fatigued survivors of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods:

Survivors were recruited from the surgical outpatient department and the oncology clinic of a medical center in northern Taiwan. Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Symptom Inventory. Fasting blood samples were collected on the day the fatigue questionnaire was completed. Metabolomic profile analysis was performed using non-targeted, liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Fold change analyses, t-tests, and pathway analyses were performed to identify differences in metabolomic profiles between the fatigued and non-fatigued survivors.

Results:

Of the 56 CRC survivors in this study, 28.6% (n = 16) were in the fatigue group. Statistically significant differences in carnitine, L-norleucine, pyroglutamic acid, pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, spermine, hydroxyoctanoic acid, and paraxanthine were found between the two fatigue groups. In addition, two pathways were enriched for these metabolites (i.e., glutathione metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism).

Conclusions:

Findings from this pilot study provide preliminary evidence that two pathways that are involved with the regulation of ATP production and cellular energy (i.e., glutathione metabolism, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism) are associated with fatigue in CRC survivors. If these findings are confirmed, they may provide new therapeutic targets to decrease fatigue in cancer survivors.
Standardized pachymetry-assisted manual lamellar dissection for Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Bertino Pedro , Magalhães Renata Soares , de Souza Junior Carlos Jose , Prazeres Tatiana Moura Bastos , de Sousa Luciene Barbosa
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

To present an alternative technique (Pachy-DSEK) for the manual preparation of thin endothelial lamellae in Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK), as well as to evaluate its visual and anatomic outcomes.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted in 15 cases who underwent DSEK at a private eye clinic in Brazil (INOB, Brasília) from June 2017 to December 2019. All patients had ocular comorbidities and relative contraindications to Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). All endothelial lamellae were manually prepared by using a standardized technique. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), tomographic parameters and graft’s thickness were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 months. Endothelial cell counts were evaluated preoperatively and at 12 to 24 months.

Results:

During preparation there was one case (6%) of peripheral tear and no tissue was lost. At 6 months, the median BCVA improved from 1.60 to 0.40 logMAR ( p = 0.0009). There was no significant change in anterior ( p = 0.507) and posterior astigmatism ( p = 0.483), anterior ( p = 0.683) and posterior mean keratometry ( p = 0.767), and total corneal power ( p = 0.952). The median central graft thickness at 6 months was 80 µm. Ultrathin grafts (<130 µm) were achieved in 80% of cases. At 12 to 24 months endothelial cell count decreased significantly. Graft’s detachment occurred in two cases (13%) and endothelial rejection in one case (6%).

Conclusion:

By using ultrasonic pachymetry intra-operatively and standardizing graft preparation, most manually dissected endothelial lamellae were ultrathin. Pachy-DSEK was safe and effective for treating endothelial disfunction in eyes with ocular comorbidities. It may be a cost-effective alternative to automated dissection methods.
A cohort study showing correspondence of low wall shear stress and cephalic arch stenosis in brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula access
Authors: Hammes Mary , Cassel Kevin , Boghosian Michael , Watson Sydeaka , Funaki Brian , Coe Frederic
Published: July 2020

Background:

A brachiocephalic fistula is frequently placed for hemodialysis; unfortunately, cephalic arch stenosis commonly develops, leading to failure. We hypothesized that a contribution to brachiocephalic fistula failure is low wall shear stress resulting in neointimal hyperplasia leading to venous stenosis. The objective of this investigation is to determine correspondence of low wall shear stress and the development of cephalic arch stenosis.

Methods:

Forty subjects receiving hemodialysis with a primary brachiocephalic fistula access were followed from time of placement for 3 years or until cephalic arch stenosis. Venogram, Doppler, and viscosity were performed at time of fistula maturation, annually for 3 years or to time of cephalic arch stenosis. Computational hemodynamics modeling was performed to determine location and percent low wall shear stress in the arch. The relationship between wall shear stress at time of maturation and location of cephalic arch stenosis were estimated by correlating computational modeling and quadrant location of cephalic arch stenosis.

Results:

In total, 32 subjects developed cephalic arch stenosis with 26 displaying correspondence between location of low wall shear stress at time of maturation and subsequent cephalic arch stenosis, whereas 6 subjects did not (p = 0.0015). Most subjects with correspondence had low wall shear stress areas evident in greater than 20% of the arch (p = 0.0006). Low wall shear stress was associated with a higher risk of cephalic arch stenosis in the 23-to-45 age group (p = 0.0029).

Conclusions:

The presence and magnitude of low wall shear stress in the cephalic arch is a factor associated with development of cephalic arch stenosis in patients with brachiocephalic fistula. Attenuation of low wall shear stress at time of maturation may help prevent the development of cephalic arch stenosis which is difficult to treat once it develops.
Mapping Right to be Forgotten frames: Reflexivity and empirical payoffs at the intersection of network discourse and mixed network methods
Authors: Larsen Rebekah
Published: July 2020

Networks are almost ubiquitous in the social sciences, in terms of method and structure. Dominant discourses around networks–concerning their purported democratic, progressive values and capacities–also impact how they are approached in research. This article illustrates the potential of this impact by tracing the trajectory and findings of a project focused on networked discussion of an Internet privacy debate. Using mixed methods—hyperlink network mapping, textual analysis (qualitative and quantitative), and semi-structured interviews—I examine online framing of a controversial data protection concept, the Right to be Forgotten. Initial, more “traditional” research approaches allowed for insight only into the most central and visible frames and sources. This led to a reorientation of research approach. In attempt to diversify sources and framings, I began focusing on the margins and off the “networked public sphere.” This article thus also recounts the significant empirical findings that resulted from such reflexivity and reorientation.
Content moderation: Social media’s sexist assemblages
Authors: Gerrard Ysabel , Thornham Helen
Published: July 2020

This article proposes ‘sexist assemblages’ as a way of understanding how the human and mechanical elements that make up social media content moderation assemble to perpetuate normative gender roles, particularly white femininities, and to police content related to women and their bodies. It investigates sexist assemblages through three of many potential elements: (1) the normatively gendered content presented to users through in-platform keyword and hashtag searches; (2) social media platforms’ community guidelines, which lay out platforms’ codes of conduct and reveal biases and subjectivities and (3) the over-simplification of gender identities that is necessary to algorithmically recommend content to users as they move through platforms. By the time the reader finds this article, the elements of the assemblages we identify might have shifted, but we hope the framework remains useful for those aiming to understand the relationship between content moderation and long-standing forms of inequality.
Autophagy Is Involved in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Death in Coculture with Chondrocytes
Authors: Paggi Carlo Alberto , Dudakovic Amel , Fu Yao , Garces Catalina Galeano , Hevesi Mario , Galeano Garces Daniela , Dietz Allan B. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Karperien Marcel
Published: July 2020

Objective

Cartilage formation is stimulated in mixtures of chondrocytes and human adipose–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) both in vitro and in vivo. During coculture, human MSCs perish. The goal of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which adipose tissue–derived MSC cell death occurs in the presence of chondrocytes.

Methods

Human primary chondrocytes were cocultured with human MSCs derived from 3 donors. The cells were cultured in monoculture or coculture (20% chondrocytes and 80% MSCs) in pellets (200,000 cells/pellet) for 7 days in chondrocyte proliferation media in hypoxia (2% O2). RNA sequencing was performed to assess for differences in gene expression between monocultures or coculture. Immune fluorescence assays were performed to determine the presence of caspase-3, LC3B, and P62.

Results

RNA sequencing revealed significant upregulation of >90 genes in the 3 cocultures when compared with monocultures. STRING analysis showed interconnections between >50 of these genes. Remarkably, 75% of these genes play a role in cell death pathways such as apoptosis and autophagy. Immunofluorescence shows a clear upregulation of the autophagic machinery with no substantial activation of the apoptotic pathway.

Conclusion

In cocultures of human MSCs with primary chondrocytes, autophagy is involved in the disappearance of MSCs. We propose that this sacrificial cell death may contribute to the trophic effects of MSCs on cartilage formation.
Other-Groups Bias Effects: Recognizing Majority and Minority Outgroup Faces
Authors: Vingilis-Jaremko Larissa , Kawakami Kerry , Friesen Justin P.
Published: July 2020

A large literature has provided evidence that intergroup biases are common in facial recognition. In investigations of faces of different races, research has repeatedly demonstrated an Own Race Bias in which people are more accurate in recognizing racial ingroup compared to outgroup members. The primary goal of this research was to investigate whether participants from typically underrepresented populations in social psychological research (i.e., Blacks, South Asians, and East Asians) show biases in recognition accuracy when presented with ingroup faces and minority and majority outgroup faces. Not surprisingly, across three experiments, participants demonstrated superior recognition for faces of members of their own compared to other races. Although minority participants also demonstrated greater recognition accuracy for majority compared to minority outgroup faces, these effects were much smaller and typically nonsignificant. The implications of these findings for our understanding of basic processes in face perception, and intergroup relations, are discussed.
Women’s Intrasexual Competition Results in Beautification
Authors: Wang Xijing , Chen Hao , Chen Zhansheng , Yang Ying
Published: July 2020

Psychology research focuses primarily on male competition. This research, however, investigates women’s competition for love and the ideal partner in the mating market and reveals one psychological consequence for women, that is, beautification. This is demonstrated with ecologically valid, real-world archive and online search query data, a quasi-experiment, and a series of controlled experiments with random assignments. Intrasexual competition, indexed by the operational sex ratio (OSR) and income inequality (GINI), predicts women’s beautification reflected by Google search queries for cosmetic surgery terms (Study 1) and the density of certificated plastic surgeons (Study 2). Female college students from faculties with female-biased OSRs exhibit greater appearance focus than women from male-biased faculties (Study 3). A causal relationship, between women’s intrasexual competition and beautification (and even self-objectification), is subsequently demonstrated in experiments (Studies 4–6). Additionally, self-objectification due to intrasexual competition leads to women’s preference for appearance-oriented products (Study 6). Implications are discussed.
The influence of education in decision making concerning athlete’s return to sport following a concussion injury: A systematic review
Authors: Waterworth Victoria , Procyk Alexander , Canetti Elisa , Hing Wayne , Gough Suzanne
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Concussions have emerged as one of the most prevalent and controversial injuries sustained within the sporting context. The objective of this review was to determine the influence that education has on decision making concerning athlete’s return to sport following a concussion injury and if the risk is worth it in the eyes of the athletes.

Study design

Systematic review.

Methods

A rapid literature review was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase and Web of Science looking for articles that discussed concussions and any three of the four following search terms: (a) decision making, (b) education/knowledge, (c) sport/return to sport and (d) risk.

Results

Sixteen of 1243 articles were included in this review based on eligibility criteria. Ten were cohort studies, four were cross-sectional studies and two were qualitative research. There was a good agreement between the authors for all studies when determining risk of bias, presenting a Cohen’s κ of 0.901 (95% CI, 0.834, 0.968), p <  0.001.

Conclusion

Education can make a difference in athlete’s decision making process to return to sport; however, their awareness of the health risks that they put themselves in by returning to sport too soon is clouded by other external and internal factors. What is not fully understood is why do they put themselves at this risk? Further studies should explore athletes’ risk aversion behaviour and how it impacts their decision to return to sport following a concussion.
Correction to: Draft genome sequences of Hirudo medicinalis and salivary transcriptome of three closely related medicinal leeches
Authors: Babenko Vladislav V. , Podgorny Oleg V. , Manuvera Valentin A. , Kasianov Artem S. , Manolov Alexander I. , Grafskaia Ekaterina N. , Shirokov Dmitriy A. , Kurdyumov Alexey S. , Vinogradov Dmitriy V. , Nikitina Anastasia S. , Kovalchuk Sergey I. , Anikanov Nickolay A. , Butenko Ivan O. , Pobeguts Olga V. , Matyushkina Daria S. , Rakitina Daria V. , Kostryukova Elena S. , Zgoda Victor G. , Baskova Isolda P. , Trukhan Vladimir M. , Gelfand Mikhail S. , Govorun Vadim M. , Schiöth Helgi B. , Lazarev Vassili N.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Reduced polyfunctional T cells and increased cellular activation markers in adult allergy patients reporting adverse reactions to food
Authors: Sonnet Friederike , Namork Ellen , Stylianou Eva , Gaare-Olstad Ingvild , Huse Kanutte , Andorf Sandra , Mjaaland Siri , Dirven Hubert , Nygaard Unni
Published: July 2020

Background

The underlying cellular mechanisms causing adverse reactions to food are complex and still not fully understood. Therefore, in this study we aimed to identify functional and/or phenotypical immune cell signatures characteristic for adult patients reporting adverse reactions to food.

By mass cytometry, we performed high-dimensional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adult patients reporting adverse reactions to food and healthy controls. The patients were grouped according to sIgE-positive or sIgE-negative serology to common food and inhalant allergens. Two broad antibody panels were used, allowing determination of major immune cell populations in PBMC, as well as activation status, proliferation status, and cytokine expression patterns after PMA/ionomycin-stimulation on a single cell level.

Results

By use of data-driven algorithms, several cell populations were identified showing significantly different marker expression between the groups.

Most striking was an impaired frequency and function of polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients reporting adverse reactions to food compared to the controls. Further, subpopulations of monocytes, T cells, and B cells had increased expression of functional markers such as CD371, CD69, CD25, CD28, and/or HLA-DR as well as decreased expression of CD23 in the patients. Most of the differing cell subpopulations were similarly altered in the two subgroups of patients.

Conclusion

Our results suggest common immune cell features for both patient subgroups reporting adverse reactions to food, and provide a basis for further studies on mechanistic and diagnostic biomarker studies in food allergy.
Late complications of radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: report of 5 cases of chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematomas and review of the literature
Authors: Finitsis Stephanos , Bernier Valerie , Buccheit Isabelle , Klein Olivier , Bracard Serge , Zhu Francois , Gauchotte Guillaume , Anxionnat René
Published: July 2020

Background

Chronic encapsulated intracerebral hematomas (CEIHs) are a rare, late complication of radiosurgery for intracranial AVM. We present 5 cases treated mostly by surgical excision and review the literature.

Methods

Patients (age 39, 42, 36, 31, 62) presented with headache, paresthesia, hemiparesis or were asymptomatic. CEIHs presented 10 to 13 years (median 12 years) post radiosurgery. Three patients had demonstrated early radiation induced changes post radiosurgery. Angiographic cure, assessed with DSA, was present in all cases except 1 case with a small nidus remnant. MRI demonstrated mixed lesions with a solid enhancing part, organized hematoma and extensive surrounding edema while three cases had also a cystic component.

Results

Excision of the CEIHs with complete or partial removal of the capsule was performed in 4 patients and resulted in marked clinical improvement. One patient was managed conservatively with administration of steroids as surgery was judged excessively hazardous with eventual stabilization of his symptoms.

Conclusions

CEIHs are rare, late complications of radiosurgery for cranial AVM. They may be asymptomatic or provoke symptoms and may be preceded by early radiation induced changes. Complete removal of CEIHS is an effective treatment. Because of the long latency period of CEIHs, patients who had radiosurgery for brain AVMs should be followed by MRI at least 10 years even after complete obliteration.