bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking the Evolution of Development of Stem Vascular System in Nyctaginaceae and Its Correlation to Habit and Species Diversification
Authors: Neto Israel L. Cunha , Pace Marcelo Rodrigo , Hernández-Gutiérrez Rebeca , Angyalossy Veronica
Published: October 2021

Background: The presence of alternative patterns of secondary growth in stems of Nyctaginaceae has been known for a long time. Still, the interpretation of types of cambial variants are controversial. The knowledge on stem anatomical diversity in Nyctaginaceae, which is diverse also in habits, offers the unique opportunity not only to investigate the evolution of complex developments, but also to address how these anatomies shifted within habits and how the acquisition of novel cambial variants and habit transitions impacted the diversification of the family. Methods: We integrated developmental data with a phylogenetic framework to investigate the diversity and evolution of stem anatomy in Nyctaginaceae using phylogenetic comparative methods, reconstructing ancestral states, and examining whether anatomical shifts correspond to species diversification rate shifts in the family. Results: Two types of cambial variants, interxylary phloem and successive cambia, were recorded in Nyctaginaceae, which result from four different ontogenies. These ontogenetic trajectories depart from two distinct primary vascular structures (regular or polycyclic eustele) yet, they contain shared developmental stages which generate stem morphologies with deconstructed boundaries of morphological categories (continuum morphology). Unlike our a priori hypotheses, interxylary phloem is reconstructed as the ancestral character for the family, with three ontogenies characterized as successive cambia evolving in few taxa. Cambial variants are not contingent in habits, and their transitions are independent from species diversification.Conclusions: Our findings suggests that multiple developmental mechanisms, such as heterochrony and heterotopy generate the transitions between interxylary phloem and successive cambia. Intermediate between these two extremes are present in Nyctaginaceae, suggesting a continuum morphology across the family as a generator of anatomical diversity.
Development of a Prognostic Nomogram and Risk Stratification System for Upper Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yu , Zheng Binglin , Chen Junqiang , Huang Qiuyuan , Ye Yuling , Yang Yong , Chen Yuanmei , Chen Bijuan , You Mengxing , Wang Qifeng , Xu Yuanji
Published: October 2021

BackgroundEffective tools evaluating the prognosis for patients with upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma is lacking. We aimed to develop a nomogram model to predict overall survival (OS) and construct a risk stratification system of upper thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.MethodsNewly diagnosed 568 patients with upper thoracic ESCC at Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital between February 2004 and December 2016 was taken as a training cohort, and additional 155 patients with upper ESCC from Sichuan Cancer Hospital Institute between January 2011 and December 2013 were used as a validation cohort. A nomogram was established using Cox proportional hazard regression to identify prognostic factors for OS. The predictive power of nomogram model was evaluated by using 4 indices: concordance statistics (C-index), time-dependent ROC (ROCt) curve, net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate clinical usefulness of prediction models. Patients were categorized into three risk groups by X-tile software on the survival scores of the training cohort.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed that gender, clinical T stage, clinical N stage and primary gross tumor volume (GTVp) were independent prognostic factors for OS in the training cohort. The nomogram based on these factors showed favorable prognostic efficacy in the both training and validation cohorts, with C-index of 0.622, 0.713, and AUC value of 0.709, 0.739, respectively, which appeared superior to those of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. In addition, NRI and IDI of the nomogram presented better discrimination ability to predict survival than those of AJCC staging. Furthermore, DCA curve of the nomogram exhibited greater clinical performance than that of AJCC staging. Finally, the nomogram fairly distinguished the OS rates among low, moderate, and high risk groups, whereas the OS curves of clinical stage could not be well separated among clinical AJCC stage. ConclusionsWe built an effective nomogram model for predict OS of upper thoracic ESCC, which may improve clinicians’ abilities to predict individualized survival and facilitate to further stratify the management of patients at risk.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Alleviates Cerebral Ischemic Injury-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Pathologies Through Modulation of GSK-3β in a Rat Model of Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
Authors: Wu Ming-Hsiu , Chang Chia-Yu
Published: October 2021

Background

There are two main types of dementia: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to investigate the protective role of ALA in cerebral I/R injury-related cognitive impairment in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), which mimics VCID in humans.
Methods

After I/R injury, rats were treated with either an intraperitoneal injection of ALA (25 mg/kg) or vehicle. Infarct volume, brain edema, modified neurologic severity scores, and Y-maze test for cognitive impairment were assessed. In addition, activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and microglia, and expression of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and synaptophysin were measured 7 days after tMCAO.
Results

We found that administration of ALA after cerebral I/R injury reduced cerebral infarction, brain edema, and improved neurologic deficits and cognitive impairment. In parallel, ALA reduced the expression of APP, BACE1, Aβ, and phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus, down-regulated the activation of GSK-3β and microglia, and improved the integrity of neuronal synapses.
Conclusion

ALA alleviated the severity of cerebral I/R injury and AD-related pathologies, preserved neuronal integrity, and improved cognitive impairment by down-regulating the activation of GSK-3β and microglia.
Correlated Physical and Mental Health Composite Scores For the RAND-36 and RAND-12 Health Surveys: Can We Keep Them Simple?
Authors: Andersen John Roger , Breivik Kyrre , Engelund Inger Elise , Iversen Marjolein M. , Kirkeleit Jorunn , Norekvål Tone Merete , Oterhals Kjersti , Storesund Anette
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe RAND-36 and RAND-12 (equivalent to versions 1 of the Short-form-36 and Short-form-12 respectively) are widely used measures of health-related quality of life. However, there are diverging views regarding how to create the physical health and mental health composite scores of these questionnaires. We present a simple approach using an unweighted linear combination of subscale scores for constructing composite scores for physical and mental health that assumes these scores should be free to correlate. The aim of this study was to investigate the criterion validity and convergent validity of these scores. MethodsWe investigated oblique and unweighted RAND-36/12 composite scores from a random sample of the general Norwegian population (N=2107). Criterion validity was tested by examining the correlation between unweighted composite scores and weighted scores derived from oblique principal component analysis. Convergent validity was examined by analysing the associations between the different composite scores, age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, rheumatic disease, and depression. ResultsThe correlations between the composite scores derived by the two methods were substantial (r = 0.97 to 0.99) for both the RAND-36 and RAND-12. The effect sizes of the associations between the oblique versus the unweighted composite scores and other variables had comparable magnitudes. ConclusionThe unweighted RAND-36 and RAND-12 composite scores demonstrated satisfactory criterion validity and convergent validity. This suggests that if the physical and mental composite scores are free to be correlated, the calculation of these composite scores can be kept simple.
Methods and Profitability of Fish Hatchery Enterprise in India
Authors: DUTTA DEBASHIS
Published: October 2021

Enterprise is the key foundation for any start-up or business as it provides scopes to the economic growth of individuals as well as the countries. A fish hatchery is a reliable enterprise with a sustainable good economic return. To maintain the proper and timely supply of the spawns to the fisheries industries the hatcheries should perform their activities over the year. A study in the West Bengal state of India shows that a substantial economic return can be obtained from a fish hatchery. It was also seen that the benefit-cost ratio is also greater than one (1.73). Though further research scope and enhancement of technologies can strengthen the enterprise with more profitability.
Does imbalance in chest X-ray datasets produce biased deep learning approaches for COVID-19 screening?
Authors: Alvarez-Rodríguez Lorena , de Moura Joaquim , Novo Jorge , Ortega Marcos
Published: October 2021

Background: The health crisis resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic highlighted more than ever the need for rapid, reliable and safe methods of diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases. To study pulmonary involvement in detail, one of the most common resources is the use different lung imaging modalities (like chest radiography) to explore the possible affected areas. Methods: In this work, we performed a comprehensive analysis of sex and age factors in chest X-ray images. The study of these recurrent patient characteristics in pathologies of this type is crucial, since there is a clear scarcity of data that may lead to biases when trying to develop systems that are as representative as possible, as well as to gain knowledge of the disease itself. To identify possible biases, we analyzed 3 different computational approaches for automatic COVID-19 screening: Normal vs COVID-19, Pneumonia vs COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 vs COVID-19. The presented study was validated using two public chest X-ray datasets, allowing a reliable analysis to support the clinical decision-making process in the context of this dramatic global pandemic. Results: The obtained results for the sex-related imbalance analysis indicate that this factor slightly affects the system performance in the Normal VS COVID-19 and Pneumonia VS COVID-19 approaches, although the identified differences are not relevant enough to worsen considerably the system’s response. Regarding the age-related imbalance analysis, this factor was observed to be again influencing the system in a more consistent way than the sex factor, as it was present in all the approaches. Once again, this worsening is not a major problem for our data and system, as it is not of great magnitude. Conclusions: Multiple studies have been conducted in other fields in order to determine if certain patient characteristics such as sex or age influenced these deep learning systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, this study has not been done for COVID-19 despite the urgency and lack of COVID-19 chest x-ray images. The presented results evidenced that the proposed methodology and tested approaches allow a robust and reliable analysis to support the clinical decision-making process in this pandemic scenario.
Decline of sediment transport due to damming and eco-engineering is approaching its limits
Authors: Li Boyan , Wang Yunchen , Wang Chao , Wang Wei , Lin Aiwen , Daily Gretchen
Published: October 2021

Sediment transport from rivers to ocean is increasingly influenced by climate change and intensive human activities1, constituting a research priority of global relevance2. However, little attention has been paid to quantify and predict the contribution of driving factors to the sediment load. By integrating local-scale hydrologic modeling with soil erosion estimation model, and the soil erosion and sediment yield balance equation, we quantify watershed-scale changes in sediment load under forecasted climate change and human activities in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), China. We also develop a new metric, the sediment load sensitivity index, that identifies sensitive to anthropogenic variability over the past 30 years. It was found that the reservoirs deposition was the primary factor (81.37 %) among human activities contributing to the decline in sediment load, followed by the soil and water conservation measures (SWCM) (18.63 %). The sediment load shows a slight increasing trend for the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming at 2020–2039 and 2040–2059, respectively. Climate change dominates the sediment load trend in the future due to the effectiveness of dams and reservoirs decreases and the saturation of the capacity of the SWCM to capture sediment. Although these findings indicate the importance of the impact of climate change on changes in sediment load, it is necessary to apply them to appropriate management to adapt to climate changes in future river basin management policies.
Morphology Changes in the Cochlea of Impulse Noiseinduced Hidden Hearing Loss
Authors: Qi Guo-wei , Shi Lei , Qin Han-dai , Zhu Yuhua , Jiang Qing-qing , Guo Wei-wei , Yu Ning , yang shi-ming
Published: October 2021

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the morphology changes of noise-induced hidden hearing loss (NIHHL). Method: Fifteen guinea pigs were divided into three groups: noise-induced hidden hearing loss (NIHHL) group, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) group, and normal control group. For the noise-induced hidden hearing loss group, the guinea pigs were exposed to 15 times of impulse noise at one time. For the noise-induced hearing loss group, the animals were exposed to a total of 200 times of impulse noise in two times, and the time interval is 24 hours. Auditory brain response (ABR) was tested before, immediately, 24h, 1week, and one month after noise exposure to evaluate cochlear physiology changes. One month after noise exposure, all guinea pigs in three groups were sacrificed, and basement membranes were carefully dissected immediately after ABR tests. The cochlea samples were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to found out the monograph changes. Result: The ABR results showed that 15 times of impulse noise exposure could cause NIHHL in guinea pigs and 200 times could cause completely hearing loss. Impulse noise exposure could cause a dramatic increase in chondriosome in the inner hair cell. The structures of ribbon synapses and heminodes were also obviously impaired compared to the normal group. The nerve fibers and myelin sheaths remained intact after impulse noise exposure. Conclusion: This research revealed for the first time that impulse noise could cause hidden hearing loss, and the changes in inner hair cells, ribbon synapse, and heminode all played a vital role in the pathogenesis of hidden hearing loss.
Impact of Testosterone Therapy on hypogonadal patients unresponsive to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors alone: A systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Liu Yanhong , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Wang Qun
Published: October 2021

Background

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors as the first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction, when patients with hypogonadism fail to respond to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, the beneficial of addition testosterone therapy is a major concern for clinicians. The objective of this study was to collect and summarize the evidence that evaluated the benefit of addition testosterone therapy in hypogonadism fail to respond to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors.
Methods

Electronic literature searches of Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were conducted up to October 2020 and included randomized controlled trials. Specifically, we were looking for papers where Erectile Function Domain Score differences between pre and post-treatment were used as the primary outcome after treatment of testosterone therapy alone, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors therapy alone, or a dual treatment of both testosterone therapy and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Secondary outcomes included the number of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors non-responders who subsequently reported a satisfactory treatment of dual treatment with testosterone therapy and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors.
Results

A total of 4 studies that met our criteria, consisting of 326 patients. The Erectile Function Domain Score was significantly higher after treatment of testosterone combine with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors(4.88[4.18–5.57]), phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors with placebo(3.15[1.82–4.47]), and testosterone monotherapy (2.04[0.38–3.71]) compared with baseline. Dual treatment with testosterone and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors significantly improved Erectile Function Domain Score when compared with testosterone monotherapy (3.16, 95% CI: 1.79–4.53), Of 41.7% patients in the dual treatment group reported an improvement, compared to only 33.0% in phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors treatment group.
Conclusions

Combination therapy of testosterone and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors seems most effective in men with both erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism who initial unrespond to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors.
A Fuzzy Embeddedness
Authors: Carmona Susana
Published: October 2021

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the extractive industries is a relatively new but growing topic for anthropology. To study CSR, anthropologists often conduct ethnography in corporations, which provides a unique perspective to discern the functioning of corporate power, company–community relations, and the mainstream discourses of global governance. However, ethnography in corporations requires further reflexivity about the anthropologist’s positionality and what it can tell us about the functioning of CSR. I build on my experience conducting an ethnography of the Cerrejón mine in Colombia, one of the biggest in the world, and a dialoguewith other anthropologists’ methodological and theoretical reflections about CSR. I elaborate on the conceptualization of ethnographers’ work in corporations as fuzzy embeddedness, to explore the temporary, ambiguous, and often unacknowledged ways in which the ethnographer is immersed in corporate logics, and becomes part of the hierarchies and power relations that corporations enact in the extractive territories. The article develops two main arguments. First, mining corporations see ethnographers as stakeholders in their performance of transparency, therefore turning the relation into an enactment of CSR. Second, empathizing with corporate officials is a productive avenue to understand the functioning and reproduction of CSR. Through the text, I present some methodological considerations and hints about the overall functioning of CSR.
Social Health Insurance in Africa: Lesson from Ghana
Authors: Awojobi Oladayo Nathaniel
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses social health insurance, healthcare utilization, financial protection and quality of care. The primary purpose of the research is to provide an overview of evidence from up-to-date studies about the effects of Ghana’s Social Health Insurance Scheme on improving access to healthcare, reducing financial hardship, and providing quality care for the insured. Systematization of the literary sources indicates that healthcare costs hinder poor people from accessing healthcare services when needed. Social health insurance is one intervention used to support individuals to access healthcare services irrespective of their socioeconomic status. The methodological basis of this study is a systematic literature review through the searches of PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The author included studies that assessed the effects of SHI on financial protection, access to healthcare and quality of care. He also excluded studies with limitations that will hinder the reliability of the review’s findings. The author screened, extracted data and cross-checked the extracted data. The systematic review presents the results of an empirical analysis, which identified 209 articles and included 14 studies in this review: financial protection (7 studies), healthcare utilization (4 studies) and quality of care (4 studies). Among these studies, one study reported both utilization and financial protection. These studies were published between 2014 and 2020. social health insurance provides strong evidence of a positive impact on improving access to healthcare and protecting insurees against financial hardship. However, most insured people were not satisfied with the quality of care from the social health insurance providers. The results of this review remain relevant to policymakers, especially in developing countries where social insurance is not available for poor and vulnerable people. With the political will and determination, social health insurance is possible in any developing country.
Debt strategies of European countries and vectors of implementation of best experience in the practice of external public debt management of Ukraine
Authors: Moroz Ivanna
Published: October 2021

The policy of external and domestic public debt management in different countries has its own specifics, and its results are not always unambiguous. Thus, the existing recommendations of the International Monetary Fund and the Maastricht criteria prove that the maximum value of public debt to GDP should be no more than 60 %. Exceeding this limit can lead to a deterioration in financial stability, debt sustainability, and ultimately to a technical default of the state. However, the practice of public debt management in many developed countries shows quite opposite trends, as a significant excess of the Maastricht criterion not only does not lead to default, but on the contrary allows countries to accumulate the necessary financial resources to ensure stable economic growth.

Therefore, the study of European debt strategies and their effectiveness is a very important issue, especially given the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for developing countries. Given the growing external debt dependence of Ukraine as a result of both the war with the Russian Federation and the COVID-19 pandemic, the search for a better experience of European debt policy and consideration of ways to adapt it to domestic realities are discussed in our article.

Based on the analysis of the debt policy of European countries, the expediency of using debt rules, aimed at regulating both the country's debt security and the effectiveness of the use of public borrowing to stimulate economic growth has been proved.

Cluster analysis of debt strategies of some European countries has shown that the high level of dependence on external public debt has a negative impact on economic security in general, because in the event of deteriorating macroeconomic situation, the likelihood of foreign investors selling government securities increases, and in the case of external loans from international financial and credit organizations – the risks of negative impact of burdensome non-financial obligations on the national economy grow.
Determination of the informational content of symptoms in the dynamic processes of assessing the patient’s condition in e-health
Authors: Shevchenko Yaroslav
Published: October 2021

The study is devoted to substantiating the tactics of choosing the signs of the patient's condition for diagnostic decision-making on corrective medical intervention in mobile medicine.

The aim of the research: to study a creation of a methodology for determining the integral informativeness of the patient's symptoms during remote monitoring of his condition.

Materials and methods: this article is based on search results in PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, UK NHS HTA articles published between January 1991 and January 2021 and containing the search terms “information technology”, “Mobile medicine”, “digital pathology” and “deep learning”, as well as the results of the authors' own research. The authors independently extracted data on concealment of distribution, consistency of distribution, blindness, completeness of follow-up, and interventions.

Results: concluded that to determine the Informativeness of symptoms in mobile monitoring of patients, it is possible to use risk indicators of predicted conditions as a universal method. Given that the Informativeness of the patient's condition changes constantly, for online diagnosis of conditions during remote monitoring of the patient it is recommended to use the function of informative symptoms from time to time and use a set of approaches to assess the Informativeness of patient symptoms. It is proposed to use the strategy of diagnosis and treatment using probabilistic algorithms based on the values of the risk of complications of the pathological process, as well as the formulas of Kulbach and Shannon to determine individual trends in the pathological patient process.

Conclusion: there was proposed to use risk indicators of predicted conditions as a universal method for determining the informational content of symptoms in mobile monitoring of patients.
Biological nitrogen in increasing the productivity of beans (grains)
Authors: Chynchyk Oleksandr , Olifirovych Svitlana , Olifirovych Volodymyr , Nebaba Kateryna
Published: October 2021

The results of a field experiment to study the effect of seed treatment with the biological product Rhizoactive (сompany BioNorma, Ukraine) on the formation and functioning of the symbiotic apparatus of common bean (grain) plants are presented.

The experiment examined six varieties of common beans (grain), included in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine: Bukovynka, Halaktyka, Slaviia, Ros, Otrada, Nata. The influence of bacterial fertilizer based on nodule bacteria " Rhizoactive " on the indicators of symbiotic and grain productivity of these varieties of common beans was studied.

It was found, that the maximum number and raw weight of active nodules in the studied varieties of common beans were formed in the flowering phase. A larger number of nodules, compared to the variety Bukovynka (control), was formed on the root system of bean varieties Ros, Otrada and Nata. The maximum raw weight of rhizobia in the plots without the use of Rhizoactive was formed by the common bean variety Otrada – 0.297 g/plant of active nodules. Inoculation of the seeds of the studied common bean varieties with Rhizoactive increased the raw weight of active nodules in the flowering phase by 0.016–0.042 g/plant. A larger mass of nodules, compared to the Bukovynka variety, was formed on the root system of Ros, Otrada and Nata beans. The maximum raw weight of rhizobia in areas without the use of Rhizoactive was formed by the variety of beans Otrada – 0.297 g/plant of active nodules. Inoculation of seeds of the studied varieties of beans with Rhizoactive increased the raw weight of active nodules in the flowering phase by 0.016–0.042 g/plant.

The highest increase in grain yield from seed inoculation was obtained in 2018, which was more favorable in terms of moisture. Thus, the largest increase in grain yield from the use of Rhizoactive was provided by the varieties Halaktyka (0.14 t/ha or 5.7 %), Ros (0.15 t/ha or 5.5 %) and Otrada (0.22 t/ha or 7.7 %). On average, in 2018–2020, inoculation of bean seeds with Rhizoactive, depending on the variety, provided an increase in grain yield from 2.4 to 6.7 %. And the highest level of bean grain yield on average in 2018–2020 was provided by the varieties Otrada (2.60 t/ha), Nata (2.50 t/ha) and Ros (2.40 t/ha) for inoculation of seeds with Rhizoactive
Prospects for the use of apiproducts in human healthy nutrition
Authors: Prytulska Natalia , Karpenko Petro , Antiushko Dmytro , Bozhko Tetiiana , Shapovalova Nataliia
Published: October 2021

It has been established, that the development and implementation of the practice of using biologically active components of nutrition is one of the areas of modern dietetics, which are developing dynamically. Apiproducts are a very promising source of biologically active substances. Fundamental studies of domestic and foreign scientists have proven their high biological value, versatile pharmacological activity (anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, anti-radiation, etc.). The use of apiproducts for the prevention and treatment of a number of human diseases is a comprehensively studied phenomenon in terms of beekeeping, botany, chemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, medicine and pharmacy.

It has been proved, that the action of individual apiproducts and their components allows to use them effectively in practical apitherapy. Because these products differ significantly depending on their chemical composition, they are divided into two groups. The first includes honey, flower pollen, perga (a product of conservation of flower pollen in a hive) and, in part, drone brood. As mixtures of valuable BAS and metabolites, they are used mainly to increase the biological value of traditional foods and create new compositions. The second group includes bee venom, propolis and, in part, royal jelly, which are therapeutic agents by their nature and are used to correct physiological functions and metabolism, have regulatory effects, and their action is realized through the effect on the lipid matrix of biological membranes and membrane proteins. It has been established, that the use of these food components in health nutrition and production of health and medical foods is a promising area
Development of a functional bread technology based on a grain baking mixture
Authors: Alekhina N. N.
Published: October 2021

One of the priority areas for developing the food industry is to increase the production of functional food products. When developing the latter, fruit and berry processing products, grain baking mixes are used. At the same time, there are no baking mixes with the use of bioactivated wheat, characterized by an increased content of macro- and micronutrients, antioxidants, and a reduced amount of phytin. However, the preparation of grain bread based on a baking mixture of bioactivated wheat crushed by the disintegration wave method with a moisture content of 10.0 ± 0.5 % led to the production of products with a sticky, strongly jamming crumb. The aim of the research was to develop a baking mixture of bioactivated wheat and functional grain bread of improved quality based on it. At the first stage of the research, the composition of the baking mixture based on bioactivated wheat grain was selected to obtain the best quality product, at the second stage, the chemical composition of bread was evaluated based on the developed baking mixture. The change in the properties of the dough during fermentation, the quality indicators of bread after 20 hours of storage and its chemical composition were evaluated in accordance with the methods specified in the current standards. The best properties of the dough and the quality of the bread have been observed in a sample obtained on the basis of a baking mixture, in 100 g of which 75 % of the grain products are dry bioactivated wheat crushed by the disintergation-wave method, and 25 % - baking wheat flour of the first grade. As a result of the assessment of the chemical composition of the developed product, it has been found that it belongs to functional food products. The preparation of grain bread using this technology will also allow us to solve one of the tasks of the state policy in the field of healthy nutrition aimed at increasing the production of functional products.
Substantiation of a rational method for drying granules in a fluidized bed and the hydrodynamic regime of their interaction with a fluidizing agent
Authors: Nugmanova A. A. , Aleksanian I. Y. , Nugmanov A. H.-H. , Maksimenko Y. A. , Khaybulov R. A.
Published: October 2021

Gluten is produced from wheat grains and is used in the food industry as an improver in flour baking properties. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the methods of dehydration of frozen granules of wheat gluten with a surface dry crust, a rational method of drying them in a fluidized bed has been selected. In the process of calculating units with a fluidized bed, its hydrodynamic parameters have been determined: loss of the pressure of the fluidizing agent; the speed at the transition of the bed from the state of rest to the pseudo-boiling mode; layer porosity; the rate of entrainment of particles in unrestricted conditions roughly corresponding to the rate of soaring, at which a single particle is in equilibrium in the gas flow. During the dewatering operation, the rate of entrainment of the granules varies; therefore, it is advisable to use the passing fluidization mode depending on the decrease in their moisture content. In the variant of the active hydrodynamic regime in the drying unit, the dehydration procedure is intensified without a noticeable decrease in the economic efficiency of its functioning and high quality indicators of the finished product with the given final moisture are provided, which is due to the specific conditions of contact of the granules with the coolant. For granules with a moisture content of 0.19 kg/kg, the values of hydrodynamic characteristics have been determined: the area of critical pseudo-boiling rates is 4.1-5.5 m/s; the carryover rate of the fines is 12.5-14.5 m/s. As a result of the study, the choice has been substantiated in favor of drying the studied granules in a fluidized bed due to the prevalence of its advantages over the dehydration of the object in drum dryers.
Analisis Curah Hujan di Indonesia untuk Memetakan Daerah Potensi Banjir dan Tanah Longsor dengan Metode Cluster Fuzzy C-Means dan Singular Value Decompotition (SVD)
Authors: Setiawan Dedi
Published: October 2021

One of the climate changes impact is extreme rainfall. Extreme rainfall can cause some hydrometeorological disasters, especially floods and landslides. In 2016, BNPB recorded that there were 2,342 disaster events in Indonesia, 92% of which were disasters dominated by floods, landslides, and cyclones. There were 766 floods, 612 landslides, and 74 combinations of both. In this case, clustering is one of the important method to identify groups of areas with similar characteristics of high or low rainfall. Another analysis that can be applied is the identification of the extreme rainfall and the determination of dominant rainfall pattern using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) for each region in Indonesia. The data was taken from Indonesia’s rainfall data in January 1998 - March 2017, obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) meteorological satellite, with 12,834 observation units. The highest average rainfall in Indonesia in December is 290,26 mm/month. Rainy season is predicted from November to April because they have the highest average rainfall. The SVD analysis formed four dominant rainfall patterns in Indonesia with a variance of 25.59%, where Papua and West Papua are the regions with the highest rainfall. The area around the Indian Ocean is the area with the most extreme rainfall events compared to other regions. Using Fuzzy C-means, three clusters can be formed, with criteria for areas of high, medium, and low rainfall. Based on the results of the analysis, the area has the potential for flooding and landslides due to high rainfall, so that preventive and mitigation efforts against the risk of flooding and landslides can be treated better.
Distance Teaching in Educational Organizations under Pandemic Conditions
Authors: Skibitsky Eduard , Kitova Evgeniya
Published: October 2021

Higher education has to develop effective means of pedagogical communication and teaching patterns as a result of the social and economic changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Distance learning requires no face-to-face contact with the teacher. It is based on unconventional teaching patterns and uses modern means of informatization. The research objective was to develop a new system of didactic support in the context of a total distance learning format. The author analyzed the opinions of academics and students of two institutions of higher education. The research revealed some problems related to the use of traditional teaching methods in distance learning. The article introduces a new complex approach to the design of effective didactic support based on the psychological, pedagogical, and methodological features of distance learning. The paper also features various definitions of didactic support, its stages, and component, i.e. content, procedure, and motivation. The new approach was tested experimentally. It involved a rating system, which improved the motivational, emotional, and cognitive aspects of distance learning. A higher degree of formalization of information content also improved such indicators as universality, adaptability, multivariance, and multifunctionality.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCUREMENT OBJECT BY THE STATE CUSTOMER
Authors: DOBRETSOV Grigorij B.
Published: October 2021

The legislation on the contract system does not have the definitions of “procurement object”, “technical task”, “lot”, which are widely used in procurement activities by state and municipal customers. With the formation of these substances, customers begin to organize procurement activities. The purpose of this work is to develop systemic rules for the formation of the procurement object in accordance with the norms of the legislation on the contract system and law enforcement practice. The work used general scientific research methods, comparison and analysis, and the method of expert assessments. The regulatory legal acts in the field of procurement were used as of 02 July 2021, including those that come into force from 01 January 2022.
The concept of the terms “lot”, “object of procurement” is given, the requirements that are established for the description of objects in the legislation on the contract system are explained: how to describe the product and what should be indicated in the description. The main requirements for the formation of lots in order to protect competition are named. The legal responsibility norms for violations of the purchase objects description are given. It is indicated on what it needs to pay attention while checking the prepared description of the procurement object.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF A SOCIAL STATE AND INNOVATIONS OF ARTICLE 75.1 OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION CONSTITUTION
Authors: SKACHKOVA Galina S.
Published: October 2021

A new socially oriented article appeared in the Russian Federation Constitution — Art. 75.1. This article is designed to strengthen mutual trust between the state and society, ensure a balance of rights and obligations of a citizen, the implementation of the social partnership principles, and create the necessary conditions for economic, political and social solidarity.
This work is devoted to the formulation of these questions. It shows how conditions are created in Russia for the implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution principles to create new models of labor and employment, digitalize all aspects of Russian society life, which have a significant impact on economic growth and improving the well-being of citizens. Russia has enormous potential for achieving the goals set in the country’s socio-economic development and solving problems in achieving sustainable economic growth, which must be successfully implemented. This should inevitably lead to an increase in the standard of living of the majority of citizens, to raise the prestige of a working person by creating conditions for decent work, and the implementation of constitutional guarantees in the sphere of social and labor relations.
The latest constitutional innovations are just beginning to undergo scientific comprehension. Their doctrinal interpretation and identification of axiological potential can make a significant contribution to the definition of modern legal principles of constitutional, administrative, labor and many other branches of Russian law. This is the main goal of the proposed research based on an interdisciplinary approach and traditional methods of legal phenomena cognition.
The author in the proposed work consistently substantiates the conclusions about the consistency of the new norms introduced into the Constitution with a number of principles previously enshrined in it, as well as their timeliness from the point of view of modern changes in the content of social relations in the world of work.
Graphenoxide Cross-Linker Based Potentiometric Biosensor Design for Sarcosine Determination
Authors: Ünlüer Özlem Biçen , Altunkök Nazire , Özkütük Ebru Birlik , Ersöz Arzu
Published: October 2021

Background:

Sarcosine, also known as N-methyl glycine, is a natural amino acid that is an intermediate and by product in glycine synthesis and degradation. Recently found in many peptides, sarcosine has been researched as a newly accepted prostate cancer marker. The increased concentration of sarcosine in blood serum and the urine showed that malignancy of measured prostate cancer cells is active.

Objective:

In this article, we aimed to design a potentiometric biosensor for detection of sarcosine with a low detection limit, high selectivity, short response time, wide linear range, and satisfactory long-term stability.

Methods:

In this article, we developed a new Graphene oxide (GFOX) photosensitive cross-linker based potentiometric biosensor based on the AmiNoAcid (monomer) Decorated and Light Underpinning Conjugation Approach (ANADOLUCA) method. The functional groups determined using Raman, FT-IR, XPS analyzes, and surface characterization, the morphology of synthesized GFOX photosensitive cross-linker were determined by TEM and AFM studies. Then, the performance of the GFOX based potentiometric biosensor has been evaluated.

Results:

When the usage of the developed GFOX doped potentiometric biosensor against sarcosine determination, it was found that 10-4mM sarcosine was determined in 60 seconds in the solution. In addition, the detection limit of the GFOX doped potentiometric biosensor was found to be 9.45x10-7mM, and the linear potentiometric biosensor was found to be in the concentration range of 10-1to 10-5mM. The selectivity studies of the developed potentiometric biosensor were investigated using glycine solutions, and it was determined that GFOX doped potentiometric biosensor was more selective against sarcosine. Besides this, a reusability test using 10-3 mM sarcosine solution showed that reproducible studies were performed without the loss of potential of designed potentiometric biosensor and no loss of sensitivity.

Conclusion:

After applying the framework, we get a new potentiometric biosensor for sarcosine determination. GFOX photosensitive cross-linker was used in designing potentiometric biosensors, and this increased the stability and efficiency of the biosensor. Therefore, the developed potentiometric biosensor for sarcosine determination could be easily used for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Konversi Lahan Pertanian Di Kabupaten Tangerang Dengan Menggunakan Geographically Weighted Regression
Authors: Tian Hadis , Setiawan Cahyadi , Munandar Aris
Published: October 2021

Proses terjadinya konversi lahan pertanian dapat disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan luas lahan. Faktor penduduk dan perekonomian diketahui sebagai faktor eksternal penyebab terjadinya konversi lahan pertanian menjadi non-pertanian. Salah satu wilayah yang mengalami konversi lahan pertanian ialah di Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi konversi lahan pertanian. Metode penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif asosiatif dengan teknik analisis data statistik melalui model Geographically Weighted Regression. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara survei instansional untuk mendapatkan data sekunder dari laporan atau publikasi instansi terkait penelitian. Hasil menunjukkan besaran nilai setiap variabel berbeda di tiap kecamatan serta perbedaan variabel yang mempengaruhi konversi lahan pertanian. Variabel laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh terhadap konversi lahan pertanian di 24 kecamatan. Terdapat lima kecamatan yang hanya variabel kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh terhadap konversi lahan pertanian. Rumah tangga miskin diketahui tidak berpengaruh nyata terjadap konversi lahan pertanian di seluruh kecamatan.
Analisis sebaran bangunan dan kesesuaian dengan rencana tata ruang wilayah (RTRW) Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Authors: Sari Nurwita Mustika
Published: October 2021

Abstrak Pertumbuhan fisik perkotaan dapat ditandai dengan bertambahnya jumlah bangunan yang ada di wilayah tersebut. Bangunan di perkotaan dapat berupa bangunan untuk pemerintahan, perkantoran, permukiman penduduk dan industri. Sebagai lokasi keberadaan ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia, Provinsi DKI Jakarta mengalami pertumbuhan fisik yang sangat pesat. Seiring bertambahnya bangunan di wilayah ini sementara kebutuhan lahan terus meningkat, maka diperlukan pemantauan terhadap sebaran bangunan agar selaras dengan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan analisis terhadap sebaran bangunan dan kesesuaiannya dengan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) menggunakan data bangunan eksisting yang diperoleh secara bebas dari Open Street Map (OSM) dan RTRW Jakarta. Hasil analisis SIG kemudian dilanjutkan dengan validasi bangunan yang tidak selaras dengan RTRW menggunakan interpretasi visual data penginderaan jauh SPOT. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bangunan seluas 1.016,08 hektar yang tidak selaras dengan RTRW yang seharusnya menjadi kawasan peruntukan fungsi lindung, kawasan peruntukan terbuka hijau budidaya, kawasan peruntukan pertanian dan kawasan peruntukan terbuka non hijau (Ruang Terbuka Biru).    Abstract Urban physical growth can be indicated by the increase of buildings in the area. Buildings in urban areas can be in the form of buildings for government, offices, residential areas and industry. As the location of the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta Province is experiencing very rapid physical growth. As there are more buildings in this area while the need for land continues to increase, it is necessary to monitor the distribution of buildings so that they are in line with the Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) of Jakarta Province. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of buildings and their compliance with the Jakarta Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW). The method proposed in this study is a Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis using existing building data which is freely obtained from the Open Street Map (OSM) and Jakarta Regional Spatial Planning. The results of the GIS analysis were then continued with the validation of buildings that were not in line with the Jakarta Regional Spatial Planning using a visual interpretation of the SPOT remote sensing data. The results show that there are buildings with an area of 1,016.08 hectares that are not in line with the Jakarta Regional Spatial Planning, which should be designated as protected areas, open green cultivation areas, agricultural areas and non-green open areas (Blue Open Space).