bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small is beautiful: the first phylogenetic analysis of Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928 (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae)
Authors: Gąsiorek Piotr , Vončina Katarzyna , Degma Peter , Michalczyk Łukasz
Published: May 2020

The phyletic relationships both between and within many of tardigrade genera have been barely studied and they remain obscure. Amongst them is the cosmopolitanBryodelphax, one of the smallest in terms of body size echiniscid genera. The analysis of newly-found populations and species from the Mediterranean region and from South-East Asia gave us an opportunity to present the first phylogeny of this genus, which showed that phenotypic traits used in classicalBryodelphaxtaxonomy do not correlate with their phyletic relationships. In contrast, geographic distribution of the analysed species suggests their limited dispersal abilities and seems to be a reliable predictor of phylogenetic affinities within the genus. Moreover, we describe three new species of the genus.Bryodelphax australasiaticussp. nov., by having the ventral plate configuration VII:4-4-2-4-2-2-1, is a new member of theweglarskaegroup with a wide geographic range extending from the Malay Peninsula through the Malay Archipelago to Australia.Bryodelphax decoratussp. nov.from Central Sulawesi (Celebes) also belongs to theweglarskaegroup (poorly visible ventral plates VII:4-2-2-4-2-2-1) and is closely related to the recently describedBryodelphax arenosusGąsiorek, 2018, but is differentiated from the latter by well-developed epicuticular granules on the dorsum. Finally, a new dioecious species,Bryodelphax nigripunctatussp. nov., is described from Mallorca and, by the reduced ventral armature (II/III:2-2-(1)), it resemblesBryodelphax maculatusGąsiorek et al., 2017. The latter species, known so far only from northern Africa, is recorded from Europe for the first time. A taxonomic key to the genus members is also presented.
Management of Electronic Records for Service Delivery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Durodolu Oluwole O. , Mamudu Philomina A. , Tsabedze Vusi O.
Published: May 2020

Healthcare providers have, over the years, struggled with the management of patient records. The struggle became exaggerated as information became increasingly large and convoluted. The contemporary healthcare environment is characterised by information overload; without the proper organisation of information resources, access to valuation resources can become an albatross, if not properly managed. Health information is the data associated with the medical ailment of a patient's history, containing symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and results. Quick access to this vital information may be a life-and-death decision that must not be taken for granted. This chapter aims to investigate how electronic records are managed in a contemporary method as adopted by the University College Hospital (UCH).
Archival Education and Training Opportunities in Malawi
Authors: Gondwe Stanley Sahani
Published: May 2020

This chapter provides an overview of archival education and training opportunities in Malawi. In the chapter, the author also presents a historical background to the development of archival education and training in the ESARBICA region, and how training opportunities for archivists and records managers evolved with support from ICA and UNESCO. It is also indicated in this chapter that when funding from ICA and UNESCO severed, individual countries established their own training institutions, but not all ESARBICA member states have done well. In view of the foregoing, the researcher conducted a study to establish why Malawi had not done well as compared to other member states in the region. The findings of the study revealed a number of challenges as highlighted in this chapter. The author also provides some propositions on how the situation could be addressed in Malawi and other ESARBICA member states.
Linear Economy to Circular Economy
Authors: Özkan Pınar , Karataş Yücel Ezgi
Published: May 2020

The reflections of linear and circular economy models, which are completely separated from each other in the ways of evaluating resources and wastes, also differ completely in the production and consumption processes. The linear economy, which consists of production and consumption mechanisms, converts resources into waste after using one time and is supported by planned obsolescence practices and causes economic and environmental damages. The scarcity of resources and the pressure of environmental pollution have led to an industrial transformation in which production and consumption forms redesigned in a way that does not create waste. Because of this transformation, the circular economy model emerged, and its application direction evolved to cradle-to-cradle practices. In this study, firstly, the linear economy model and planned obsolescence are discussed, and then circular economy and cradle-to-cradle applications are explained with examples.
Circular Economy Experience
Authors: Burdenko Elena Viktorovna , Bykasova Elena
Published: May 2020

The chapter focuses on the historical aspect of economic development stages. It identifies agriculture-based, industrial, and post-industrial economies' characteristics. It is demonstrable that the problem of limited resources, the use of waste from consumption, and production has always existed. However, these problems were solved differently in different historical periods. The accumulated problems can be solved by the transition to a circular economy model. When studying the Russian experience in the transition to a circular economy model, the focus remains on Russian legislation. The example of Russian industrial enterprises shows the practical application of the circular economy principles. The research covers such enterprises as PJSC NK ROSNEFT (which includes PJSC ANK Bashneft, Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim, JSC Novokuibyshevsky Oil Refinery, and JSC Rospan International), PJSC TATNEFT, PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel, PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. The presentation is on strategies, policies, and programs aimed at ensuring industrial safety, labor protections, and the environment.
Sustainability and Justness for Transforming the Water Utility Companies' Business Models in the Circular Economy
Authors: Nesheva-Kiosseva Ninel Ivanova
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to explore some of the problems of the transformation necessary to the business model of water and wastewater utility companies into a circular economy. This goal is accomplished by extending the understanding of the business model beyond the conventional understanding “within the framework of the corporation.” This expansion of the scope of the water and wastewater utility companies' business model is justified by the fact that water, the source of their business, is a vital natural capital, and along with its economic value, water is a recognized human right. The study elaborates on the part of the business model related to the issues of fair treatment of society in its relations with business. The authors also explore the issue of value creation for stakeholders not only within a business but also through cooperation between water businesses and stakeholders.
Development of Supply Chain Framework for the Circular Economy
Authors: Ramakrishna Yanamandra
Published: May 2020

The rapid pace at which technology has contributed several technological products and gadgets created a surplus in some areas and deficiencies in some areas of the modern world. For instance, there is a tremendous wastage of food in one country, excessive usage of electronic items in some other countries, and in many other countries, people starve for food and possession of basic electronic items. This situation has led to imbalance and wastage. In addition, sustained efforts to reuse/recycle the goods produced by different business organizations are inadequate. SCM plays a role in re-usability of goods and recycling of used goods. Organizations have to redesign their supply chains to achieve the objective of the circular economy, which propagates the concept of wealth out of waste by reusing/recycling the products. The research in the area of the role of the supply chain in the circular economy is just gaining its importance, and it is still in the nascent stage. Hence, this chapter highlights the significance of in circular economy by developing a framework that emphasizes its role.
Influence of Injection Moulding Process Parameters on High-Density Polyethylene Surface Hardness
Authors: Mizera Aleš , Fiala Tomáš , Manas Miroslav , Stoklásek Pavel , Ovsik Martin
Published: May 2020

Commodity polymers are a common part of everyday life. They consist mainly of polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene. They are primarily used for ease of processing, cost and especially chemical resistance. The disadvantages of these polymers are low mechanical properties as well as temperature resistance. Any improvement in the mechanical properties can extend the application possibilities of the commodity polymers to the areas reserved for the construction polymers. This paper deals with changing two injection moulding process parameters - melt and mould temperature to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) surface hardness. HDPE hardness was measured using the method of Depth-Sensing Indentation (DSI) on three different instruments (ultranano-, nanoand micro-hardness tester). It has been found that as the melt and mould temperature increases, the hardness slightly increases.
Material Selection for Prototype Design and Production
Authors: Šašala Michal , Hrivniak Lukáš , Svetlík Jozef
Published: May 2020

This paper deals with mechanical design and material selection process for experimental milling device used in mechanochemistry. Part of this process is right optimizing shapes and dimensions with used material and manufacturing process. Our selection and design process were considering stress on individual parts, purpose of parts, future upgradability, material cost and manufacturing cost. All these factors were resulting into high usage of materials like PLA (polylactic acid) and alloys based on aluminium. These materials are generally very good for prototyping thanks to their mechanical properties and cost. For parts with high stress expectation we therefore used more durable materials. In the end we describe disadvantages of PLA materials against metals in production.
Analysis of the Surface Roughness of a Tube Drawn by a Fixed Mandrel
Authors: Görög Augustín , Görögová Ingrid , Martinkovič Maroš
Published: May 2020

The manufacture of tubes by a fixed mandrel drawing is one of the technologies in the manufacture of seamless tubes. This is the oldest tube drawing method. It uses a mandrel at the end of the die to shape the internal diameter of the tube. This process is slow and the area reductions are limited (lengths of tubes are limited), but it gives the best inner surface finish of any of the processes. The use of a fixed mandrel by the drawing of small-diameter tubes makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the inner surface and improve the quality. The paper presents the results of solving a partial task in this area. It deals with the reconstruction of the microgeometry of the inner surface of a tube drawn by a fixed mandrel. Tubes (STN 41 1353) were drawn through dies with different reduction angles. There were grounds the straight and spiral grooves on used fixed mandrels. On the inner surface of the tube were formed grooves after drawn that had a different surface roughness compared to the mandrel surface. The paper graphically presents the morphology of obtained surfaces under various conditions (reduction angles, straight/spiral grooves on the fixed mandrel) as well as measured surface roughness values. At the end of the paper, the knowledge gained through experimental research are summarized.
Technophobia as emerging risk factor in aging: Investigation on computer anxiety dimension
Authors: Di Giacomo Dina , Guerra Federica , Perilli Enrico , Ranieri Jessica
Published: May 2020

Digital innovation changed the daily living impacting Quality of Life of individuals. Our study was focused on adult and elder behavioural approach to the technology. Out study aimed to investigate the impact of technology use in not digital native in order to investigate the behavioural degree of adaptation. An observational study was conducted on adult and old subjects (age range 50–67 years) measuring computer anxiety and technology use ability variables identifying the indexes for technophobia risk in digital living. Not digital native subjects and more older ones appeared being influenced by technophobia features because of feeling themselves as inadequate in the management of technology. Oneway ANOVA and then Bonferroni’s post-hoc analysis showed that non-autonomous (p<0.01), low-frequency (p<0.01), and feelingneed- for-help users (p<0.01) had higher levels of computer anxiety. No significant effect was in gender distribution. Finally, social networking seems related better use of technology and lower anxiety for digital solutions. Our findings highlight technophobia as a possible new risk factor for not digital native because it can affect their daily life through lower adherence to digital solutions; rather than aging successfully, they could develop fragile ageing. More, they seemed inadequate to use the digital solutions for better living in aging.
Causal item of Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) scale: The main categories
Authors: Lukoševičiūtė Justė , Šmigelskas Kastytis
Published: May 2020

The causal item of illness perception from Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) has no clearly defined response categories. It restricts the comparison of findings across studies on illness perception. Therefore, this study analyzed the causal item responses and proposed a categorization structure. The cohort study measurements were conducted at early cardiac rehabilitation and six months later. Illness perception was assessed using BIPQ scale with qualitative responses of causal item being independently coded by two researchers who assigned the responses to categories using template analysis approach. The study identified seven main causal categories of illness perception: lifestyle, psychological causes, natural causes, working conditions, body changes, environmental factors, and other causes. The perception that acute coronary syndrome is mainly due to lifestyle factors associates with better health-related outcomes compared to other causal perceptions. The proposed categorization of BIPQ causal item could be tested in the future research among different samples accounting only the main cause.
Use of non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: typing of patients and choice of respiratory support, the role of internal medicine
Authors: Lari Federico , Giostra Fabrizio , Guerrini Stefania
Published: May 2020

The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) during de novo acute hypoxemic respiratory failure is not recommended by the guidelines because NIV does not improve the prognosis. With the advent of the new coronavirus, many cases of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure associated with the infection (severe acute respiratory infection) have been observed: data are missing regarding the use of NIV in this particular clinical condition, but a correct typing of patients based on different clinical, pathophysiological and radiological characteristics, could help in prognostic stratification and in the choice of respiratory support (invasive versus non-invasive). During NIV in these patients particular attention is paid to the possibility of environmental dissemination of the virus and consequently adequate technical precautions are taken.
On the asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the Dirac system and applications to the Sturm–Liouville problem with a singular potential
Authors: Gomilko Alexander , Rzepnicki Łukasz
Published: May 2020

The main focus of this paper is the following matrix Cauchy problem for the Dirac system on the interval [0,1]:

D'(x)+\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \sigma_1(x)\\ \sigma_2(x) & 0 \end{bmatrix} D(x)=i\mu\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 &-1 \end{bmatrix}D(x),\quad D(0)=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix},

where

\mu\in\mathbb{C}

is a spectral parameter, and

\sigma_j\in L_2[0,1]

,

j=1,2

. We propose a new approach for the study of asymptotic behaviour of its solutions as

\mu\to \infty

and

| \mathrm {Im} \;\mu | \le d

. As an application, we obtain new, sharp asymptotic formulas for eigenfunctions of Sturm–Liouville operators with singular potentials.
Reasons for admission in asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking patients in a paediatric tertiary care centre
Authors: Gmünder Myriam , Brandenberger Julia , Buser Sina , Pohl Christian , Ritz Nicole
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND
In the last decade an increasing number of asylum-seeking children arrived in Europe and local healthcare systems have been challenged to adapt to their health needs. The aim of this study was to compare the spectrum of disease and management of asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking children requiring hospital admission.

METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study including health data from recently arrived asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking children admitted between January 2016 and December 2017. Data were collected using electronic administrative and medical records.

RESULTS
Of 11,794 admissions of 9407 patients, 149 (1%) were asylum-seeking and 11,645 (99%) from non-asylum-seeking children. In asylum-seeking children the median age was 4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0–13) with 61% males and in non-asylum-seeking children 4 years (IQR 0–11) years with 56% males. Respiratory infections accounted for 17–19% of admissions in both groups. Rare infectious diseases were more frequent in asylum-seeking children (15 vs 7%; difference in proportions 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.14; p <0.001,). Injuries were more frequent in non-asylum-seeking children (22 vs 13%; difference in proportions 0.09, 95% CI 0.04–0.014; p <0.01). Admissions for mental health disorders were infrequent but more common in asylum-seeking children (6 vs 3%; difference in proportions 0.03, 95% CI −0.01 – 0.07; p = 0.02) Prescription of analgesics was lower in asylum-seeking than non-asylum-seeking children (3.4 vs 6.5 accounting units per admission). Antibiotic prescription was comparable in both groups.

CONCLUSION
Asylum-seeking children represent a small number of total admissions. Age distribution and main reason for admission being diseases of the respiratory system were comparable in asylum-seeking and non-asylum-seeking children. Rare infections and mental health disorders are important diseases in asylum-seeking children and require special attention and training of staff working with paediatric asylum seekers.
Percepciones de los visitantes sobre las áreas verdes urbanas de la ciudad de Tulcán. Implicaciones educativas ambientales.
Authors: Santacruz Vallejo Santiago Andrés , Moncada Rangel José Alí
Published: May 2020

Las Áreas Verdes Urbanas (AVU) son elementos garantes de la calidad de vida de los habitantes de las ciudades. La gestión sustentable de estos espacios debe considerar las características de sus usuarios. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la percepción de los visitantes sobre las AVU de la ciudad de Tulcán, provincia Carchi, Ecuador, con el fin de proponer orientaciones educativas ambientales. Se aplicó una encuesta a 180 visitantes en 21 áreas verdes de la ciudad, siguiendo un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. La información se registró en un cuestionario estructurado que abordó las variables: Tipología, características de la visita, evaluación de los servicios, problemas percibidos y soluciones propuestas. El 67% de los visitantes son jóvenes-adultos que visitan semanalmente estos espacios (41%), para realizar actividades de descanso (46%) y deporte (31%). Los principales medios de transporte utilizados son a pie (53%) y bus (18%). Los servicios de agua potable (42%) y alcantarillado (43%) son considerados como buenos. Los problemas que perciben son inseguridad (47%), falta de infraestructura (33%) y falta de aseo (28%); el 46% sostiene que estos problemas se generan por deficiencias en la administración municipal y la poca educación ambiental de la sociedad (35%). Las soluciones se focalizaron en la implantación de charlas de concienciación (48%) y aumento de la inversión municipal (40%) y estatal (18%). Las propuestas educativas, centradas en los ámbitos formal, no formal e informal, están dirigidas a promover la valoración de estos espacios y la promoción de comportamientos responsables hacia su uso.
Contribución a la seguridad alimentaria en el municipio de Cabaiguán.
Authors: Guevara Reyes Onelia , Hernández Somoza Francisco , De la Cruz Soriano Raquel , León Orellana Nelson
Published: May 2020

La innovación agropecuaria local es clave en el desarrollo de niveles productivos en las producciones agropecuarias para el logro de la seguridad alimentaria de cada territorio. El objetivo de la ponencia consistió en analizar los resultados de la aplicación de un sistema de acciones como contribución a la seguridad alimentaria en Cabaiguán. Se utilizó la metodología que sustenta la ejecución del Proyecto de Innovación Agropecuaria Local y el procedimiento para la capacitación agropecuaria, mediante el aprendizaje en la acción. Este proceso se realizó en los grupos de aprendizaje, donde cada grupo planificó, implementó las actividades; reflexionó sobre las lecciones aprendidas y re-planificó para un próximo ciclo de aprendizaje. Se comenzó con la selección y designación de las entidades productivas vinculadas directamente al proyecto, de productores de confianza, quienes, de conjunto con el gobierno, la Dirección Municipal de la Agricultura, y el Centro Universitario Municipal constituyeron una plataforma local multiactoral de gestión para la innovación agropecuaria. La experimentación campesina logró impactos importantes relacionados con una mayor eficiencia en la finca, medida en el aumento del rendimiento de sus parcelas y de la diversidad por el uso mayor de especies vegetales y animales. Se iniciaron los Grupos de Innovación Agropecuaria Local, como espacios de participación con enfoque de género, la impartición de acciones de capacitación para la implementación de buenas prácticas aportadas por el sistema de innovación local, el intercambio con productores de experiencia y la socialización de resultados por parte de investigadores, docentes, estudiantes y productores en un evento regional.
Estimación del efecto marginal de la vegetación urbana en la remoción de PM2.5 en Medellín, Colombia.
Authors: Velásquez Ciro Daniela , Cañón Barriga Julio Eduardo , Hoyos Rincón Isabel Cristina
Published: May 2020

En la actualidad, la ciudad de Medellín, en Colombia, tiene un problema crónico de calidad de aire. Una alternativa para reducir los efectos de esa contaminación es aumentar las áreas arborizadas. En este trabajo se estimó el efecto marginal que tendría el aumento de la cobertura arbórea urbana en la remoción de PM2.5. En este sentido, el mismo hace uso de la metodología UFORE para calcular la remoción de este contaminante en forma distribuida sobre la ciudad, utilizando imágenes satelitales Sentinel 2A para identificar las coberturas y estimar el Índice de Área Foliar (IAF), que es un insumo importante para los cálculos. Se tomaron como base los registros de estaciones en el año 2017. Al calcular la remoción del PM2.5 para la condición base, se encontró un valor cercano a 83 t para toda el área metropolitana y de 3 t para Medellín. Cuando se aumenta el área total arborizada en un 1% de manera proporcional en toda la ciudad, el valor de la remoción aumenta en 1%. Por otro lado, al localizar la arborización en las zonas de mayor concentración del contaminante, la remoción total tiene un aumento cercano al 1.6%, lo que implicaría que la decisión de arborización debe priorizarse en dichos lugares para que sea efectiva. Igualmente, se estimó preliminarmente que optimizar el IAF de la cobertura arbórea puede resultar más efectivo en la remoción que aumentar el área de arbolado urbano, aunque otros beneficios de los árboles deben tenerse en cuenta para las decisiones de siembra.
Health condition of European ash in young stands of diverse composition
Authors: Matisone Ilze , Matisons Roberts , Jansons Āris
Published: May 2020

During the recent decades, the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has been spreading across Europe causing dieback of ash and threatening existence of the species. Still, several studies have suggested positive effect of stand diversity on ash health condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of stand composition and structure on ash health condition in young stands in Latvia. Among the tested stand properties, number of shrub species and tree height were the best linear predictors of ash health condition, yet their effect differed between the provenance regions. In the eastern part of Latvia, number of shrub species in stand showed positive relationship with ash health, while taller trees displayed worsening health condition. In the western pat of Latvia, the relationships were inverse. Such differences in biotic relationships might be related to differences in climate, hence development of the pathogen, and/or genetically determined susceptibility of different populations of ash.
Tree cover mapping using hybrid fuzzy c-means and Landsat satellite images
Authors: Gulbe Linda , Kozlovs Aleksandrs , Donis Jānis , Traškovs Agris
Published: May 2020

Countrywide up-to-date tree cover maps provide valuable information for planning and management purposes to investigate location of the resources and to identify afforestation and deforestation patterns. Landsat imagery for more than three decades can provide the bases for tree cover map calculation using satellite image classification, however, practical use of classification methods is limited due to lack of user-friendly solutions and complex interpretation of the results. The objective of this study is to evaluate user-friendly hybrid classification scheme for tree cover mapping in Latvia and to explore the nature of the spectral classes and consistency of the results when methodology is applied to images of different dates. Tree cover is estimated using unsupervised fuzzy c-means with the stability check to ensure the presence of the same spectral classes in independent tests. Spectral classes are classified into two categories: tree cover and other by employing k-nearest neighbours. Such approach does not require high quality sample data and does not include user defined internal parameters of the algorithms (however, they can be specified if needed). The best overall accuracy achieved for year 2014 was 94.2 % with producer's accuracy 98.7 % (tree cover), 90.5 % (other land cover), user's accuracy 90.0 % (tree cover), 98.8 % (other land cover) and kappa 0.89. Consistency studies showed high impact (within 10 % of overall accuracy) of unique conditions during the image acquisition. Some of the spectral classes represent borderline case between tree cover and other land cover types like sparse young stands. Those cases are the main threat to the consistency between the results of different dates and seasons.
The effect of site preparation on seed tree regeneration of drained Scots pine stands in Finland
Authors: Hytönen Jyrki , Hökkä H , Saarinen M
Published: May 2020

We studied the success of natural regeneration eight years after seed tree cutting on four drained peatland Scots pine stands in central and northern Finland (Parkano, Sievi, Vaala, Simo) when retaining ca. 50 Scots pine stems ha-1 followed by site preparation. The total number and the number of crop seedlings and their mean height were investigated by species and methods of site preparation (control, scalping, mounding). The results showed that the total seedling numbers were very high (9,100 – 51,000 ha-1) in all sites and treatments. The share of downy birch seedlings was 64 –76 %. The total number of crop seedlings varied from 1,450 to 2,000 ha-1 (2,000 maximum density accepted), with number of Scots pine seedlings varying from 600 in Parkano to 1,950 ha-1 in Sievi. Site preparation increased the number of pine crop seedlings on two of the four sites: at Parkano by 900 – 1,100 seedlings ha-1 and at Vaala by 600 – 800 seedlings ha-1. On average, the number of pine crop seedlings was slightly higher and that for all birch seedlings clearly higher when site preparation was applied. About 22 – 81% of crop seedlings were grown in a prepared surface in scalped plots and 75-91% on mounded plots. The mean height of the crop seedlings was not significantly affected by the site preparation treatment. With respect to the minimum requirements set for the regeneration result required by forest legislation, seed tree cutting appeared to provide sufficient regeneration in eight years in terms of the total seedling density and the number of crop seedlings when downy birches were included. The beneficial effect of soil preparation was seen in the increased share of Scots pine crop seedlings.
Climatic determinants of introduced Sitka spruce in Hiiumaa Island, Estonia
Authors: Läänelaid Alar , Helama Samuli
Published: May 2020

Tree-ring records of Sitka spruce growing in Hiiumaa (Estonia) were investigated to illustrate their growth variability and its climatic determinants. A chronology comprising ring-width series of eight big individuals from the Suuremõisa forest park was correlated with local climatic records. The growth variability of this species introduced to Hiiumaa was statistically explained profoundly by winter temperature and early-spring precipitation. Comparisons were also made with local tree-ring data of Norway spruce. Interestingly, both the native and non-native species responded positively to precipitation in June and negatively to precipitation in April. Previous studies have shown that the winter temperature response, demonstrated here for Sitka spruce, is found as Norway spruce growth responses in eastern Estonia, whereas in western Estonia the growth of the latter species is more clearly connected, similar to our findings, to early-summer precipitation. These findings indicate that while the both spruce species remain sensitive to spring/summer moisture regime, the growth of Sitka spruce may actually be less tolerate to winter temperatures, as evident here in western Estonia where the winters may likely be milder than in eastern Estonia. Common to Sitka spruce results from Hiiumaa, tree-ring data representing conspecific native populations from north-west North American sites indicated positive responses to mid-winter temperatures. Based on these results, low winter temperatures and early-summer droughts may both threaten the survival of the remnant individuals of this species in Hiiumaa.
Rancang Bangun Miniatur Constant Current Regulator Augier Diam 4000 Sebagai Media Pembelajaran di Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Rizky Kurniawan
Published: May 2020

Constant Current Regulator adalah sebuah alat yang digunakan untuk pengatur arus konstan dan brightness dari alat bantu visual yang ada pada Airfield Lighting. Untuk melengkapi peralatan praktikum di Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya, maka dirancanglah sebuah trainer Constant Current Regulator sebagai media pembelajaran. Rancangan sebuah miniatur Constant Current Regulator dengan menggunakan mikrokontroller sebagai komponen utama untuk mengendalikan besar arus yang mengalir pada rangkaian beban. Hasil pengukuran dari sensor arus akan memberikan data kepada mikrokontroller sebagai bahan pertimbangan jika arus telah sesuai dengan referensi arus yang telah ditetapkan, apabila arus yang diukur tidak sesuai dengan arus referensi maka mikrokontroller akan mengendalikan Solid-State Relay yang berfungsi sebagai switch untuk mengendalikan beban.
Separasi dan Reattachment Aliran di Belakang Gundukan (Bump) Setengah Lingkaran, Segitiga dan Persegi Panjang
Authors: S.P. Setyo Hariyadi , Setiyo Setiyo , Supriadi Supriadi
Published: May 2020

Characteristic of viscous flow through a contour always become the interesting topic to be studied. This research studied characteristic of turbulent viscous flow through a flat plate mounted by bump. Target of this research is to know the flow characteristic through the semicircle, triangle and quadrangular bump, and also to get distribution coefficient of pressure (Cp), separation point, coefficient of pressure drag (CDp) and coefficient of total drag (CD). Beside that, in this research also conduct smoke visualization to know visualization of turbulent viscous flow through a flat plate mounted by bump. This experiment is conducted in subsonic wind tunnel. Form of the bump that is used are semicircle, triangle and quadrangular, and free stream velocity equal to 9.75 m/s and 15.5 m/s. Pressure coefficient got from static pressure measurement over flat plate and bump by using wall pressure tap. Coefficient of pressure drag (CDp) got from calculation based pressure. The measurement of velocity profile over flat plate and bump by using pitot tube. Measurement conducted at 6 point before side of upstream bump, 1 point at top bump and 13 point after side of downstream bump where distance between the points are 20 mm. While for the direction of vertical, the measurement taken at 80 point started from height 80 mm from surface until near the surface. Existence of bump on flat plate result the flow becomes separation so that generate the total drag force addition over flat plate. The highest total drag force occured on flat plate with triangle bump, then on flat plate with quadrangular bump and the smallest occur on flat plate with semicircle bump.
Simulasi Numerik Perbandingan Karakteristik Aliran Pada Penambahan Spiral di Ujung Nozzle
Authors: P. Setyo Hariyadi S. , Faidurrahim Faidurrahim
Published: May 2020

Perkembangan industri yang semakin pesat salah satu efek sampingnya adalah semakin bertambahnya polusi udara. Permasalahan polusi udara ini memerlukan suatu sistem pengontrol debu. Beragam jenis nozzle yang digunakan dalam proses pengontrolan debu, salah satunya adalah spiral nozzle.Spiral nozzle digolongkan pada jenis nozzle subsonic. Pola sebaran semprotan dilakukan dengan pemodelan numerik.. Pemodelan ini terdiri dari geometri nozzle beserta ruang semprotannya.Hasil pemodelan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) diperoleh bahwa pembesaran sudut tip () spiral nozzle mempengaruhi kenaikan sudut semprotan () dan panjang penetrasinya.. Besar kecilnya kenaikan akan dipengaruhi oleh beban tekanan dan debit yang diberikan. Pada akhir analisis diperoleh nozzle yang maksimal pada kondisi dan pembebanan tertentu
Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Metakognitif Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Mendengarkan
Authors: Rochmawati Laila , Sukma Meita Maharani
Published: May 2020

Makalah ini menyelidiki tentang efek dari pelatihan strategi metakognitif pada kemampuan menyimak ceramah mendengarkan taruna di Politeknik Penerbangan (POLTEKBANG) Surabaya. Pembelajaran mendengarkan adalah hal yang sulit terutama bagi taruna yang baru saja memasuki poltekbang surabaya dan bahkan lebih cenderung menakutkan bagi taruna poltekbang Surabaya karena bahasa Inggris adalah bahasa kedua atau bahasa asing bagi mereka. Penelitian ini melibatkan 47 taruna tingkat satu dari program studi komunikasi penerbangan politeknik penerbangan Surabaya. Instrumentasi dalam penelitian menggunakan kuesioner, tes mendengarkan dan wawancara semi-terstruktur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa taruna yang sering menggunakan strategi metakognitif ketika mendengarkan ceramah dalam bahasa Inggris mendapat skor lebih tinggi dalam uji mendengarkan. Selain itu, taruna dapat memperoleh manfaat dari pembelajaran dalam strategi mendengarkan karena ini membantu mereka dalam keberhasilan dari sisi akademis.
STUDI NUMERIK PERBANDINGAN KARAKTERISTIK ALIRAN BACKWARD FACING STEP DENGAN BODI PENGGANGGU (BUMP) TIPE RECTANGULAR DENGAN BILANGAN REYNOLDS TINGGI
Authors: Cahyo Bayu Dwi
Published: May 2020

This research uses a backward facing step geometry with additional rectangular bump on the inlet. The rectangular bump with variation mixed length (l) model developed in this study is very important for predicting fluid flow among boundary layer especially in reattachment length, the prediction obtained by applying standard wall function and non-equilibrium wall function with turbulence model RKE Realizable. Furthermore, the results are compared with previous experimental research data Kim dkk. 2005. This research is investigated using 2D simulation Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Parameter to be used are: step height (h): 1 cm; variation of mixing length (l): 5; 4; 3; and 2 cm; rectangular side (d): 0.5 cm. All investigations are running with Reynolds Number 38,000, based on the step height and the mean stream. From this study we will obtain the best combination of turbulent models and the near-wall treatment method. It also give prediction show the best reattachment length prediction in position l/h 5 from the comparison of the results of the distance variation of the body model.
Clustering Cardiac Rehabilitation Data: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lai Daphne Teck Ching , Yasmin Syazwina , Jong Seng Khiong , Ong Sok King , Chong Chean Lin
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a clustering framework is used on cardiac rehabilitation data to discover meaningful patterns. The data were collected in three phases. K-means clusters were generated and evaluated for stability. Visual assessment of the clusters using PCA plots was also done. A scoring system was developed to quantify improvement in the patients’ health across the three phases. With the scores, association and correlation measures were employed to assess the meaningfulness of the clusters. Two distinct clusters were found and they were shown to have moderate clinical association (Cramer’s V score=0.27) with the improvement scores.
Effect of fragmentation of kerangas forest on small mammal community structure in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Abd Khalid Siti Salwa , Grafe Ulmar
Published: May 2020

Widespread and rapid forest loss and disturbance have resulted in increased fragmentation of tropical forests. The impacts of forest disturbance and fragmentation on small mammals have been widely studied across the tropics and these studies have highlighted the detrimental effects. However, there is limited understanding on the impacts on small mammals in Borneo. This study investigated the impacts of fragmentation on small mammal community structure in lowland coastal heath forests known as kerangas forests, in Brunei Darussalam. Twelve study sites were compared in three forest types: fragmented (2.07-17.6 ha), disturbed (443.55-483.79 ha) and undisturbed (>500 ha) forests. In addition, the correlations between species richness, abundance and biomass of small mammals, and forest size were investigated. There was a clear change in species composition in the different forest types. Fragmented forests had the lowest species richness but the highest pooled abundance and biomass compared with disturbed and undisturbed forests. Species richness increased with forest size as predicted by the theory of island biogeography. In contrast, abundance and biomass was negatively correlated to forest size. Factors that contribute to the pronounced decline in species richness in fragmented forests include loss of rare and native forest species, reduced forest size in fragmented forests and distance effect. We suggest that a release from top-down control by predators and favourable conditions as a result from forest fragmentation are responsible for higher abundance and biomass of small mammals in fragmented forests.
The Extraction of Fibre from Sisal Plant Leaf and Study of Comfortable Chemical Properties for Apparel Use
Authors: J Ethiraj , Kassim Muktar , Salahadin Erit
Published: May 2020

In vision of recent worldwide environmental issues, scientists have begun to show interest in developing the full potential of natural fibers and their assorted uses. Historically most of the methods used for the extraction of the sisal fiber inclusively the natural retting and mechanical process is not efficient in the removal of fibre compounds. In this study is related to how the impurities are removed from the fiber for apparel use. The alkali treatment, acidic treatment and treatment with varying solution of sodium salts is performed. The extractions of fibre have two stages, preliminary stage and laboratory stage. Primarily attaining maturity, sisal leaves was harvested manually by cutting from the leaf base with a sharp specialized crescent like knife having long handle. The harvested the fibres were systematically washed with distilled water and dried in a vacuum oven pre-set at 80ºC for 24 hours after which raw fibres were sampled. They were then treated with diethyl ether: petroleum ether: Ethanol (2:2:1), followed by ethanol. After the extraction process was completed, the length, diameter, moisture adsorption properties, physical shape, color, the visual appearance of fibre after treated with NaOH and some other physico-chemical properties of fibre will be evaluated.
Republic of Tajikistan
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: May 2020

Macroeconomic developments in 2019 were favorable, although the outlook was challenging owing to large fiscal and external imbalances. While still weak, the banking sector was recovering from the 2015-16 shocks. Against this background, trade and transportation disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have had a severe impact on the macroeconomic outlook. Remittances have dropped sharply, and government revenues have declined while health and social spending is being ramped up. The impact of the shock is expected to be the greatest in 2020Q2-Q3.
Biomass-burning-induced surface darkening and its impact on regional meteorology in eastern China
Authors: Tang Rong , Huang Xin , Zhou Derong , Ding Aijun
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Biomass burning has attracted great concerns for the
emission of particular matters and trace gases, which substantially impacts
air quality, human health, and climate change. Meanwhile, large areas of dark
char, carbon residue produced in incomplete combustion, can stick to the
surface over fire-prone areas after open burning, leading to a sharp drop in
surface albedo, so-called “surface darkening”. However, exploration into
such surface albedo declines and the radiative and meteorological effects is
still fairly limited. As one of the highest-yield agricultural areas,
eastern China features intensive straw burning every early summer, the
harvest season for winter wheat, which was particularly strong in 2012.
Satellite retrievals show that the surface albedo decline over fire-prone
areas was significant, especially in the near-infrared band, which can reach
−0.16. Observational evidence of abnormal surface warming was found by
comparing radiosonde and reanalysis data. Most sites around intensive burned
scars show a positive deviation, extending especially in the downwind area.
Comparisons between “pre-fire” and “post-fire” from 2007 to 2015 indicated a
larger temperature bias of the forecast during the post-fire stage. The signal
becomes more apparent between 14:00 and 20:00 LT. Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations
suggest that including surface darkening can decrease model bias and well-captured temperature variation after burning at sites in fire areas and their
adjacent area. This work highlights the importance of biomass burning
induced albedo change in weather forecast and regional climate.
Calibration of an airborne HOx instrument using the All Pressure Altitude-based Calibrator for HOx Experimentation (APACHE)
Authors: Marno Daniel , Ernest Cheryl , Hens Korbinian , Javed Umar , Klimach Thomas , Martinez Monica , Rudolf Markus , Lelieveld Jos , Harder Hartwig
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a widely used technique for
both laboratory-based and ambient atmospheric chemistry measurements.
However, LIF instruments require calibrations in order to translate
instrument response into concentrations of chemical species. Calibration of
LIF instruments measuring OH and HO2 (HOx) typically involves the photolysis of water vapor by 184.9 nm light, thereby producing quantitative amounts of OH and HO2. For ground-based HOx instruments, this method of calibration is done at one pressure (typically ambient pressure) at the instrument inlet. However, airborne HOx instruments can experience varying cell pressures, internal residence times, temperatures,
and humidity during flight. Therefore, replication of such variances when
calibrating in the lab is essential to acquire the appropriate
sensitivities. This requirement resulted in the development of the APACHE
(All Pressure Altitude-based Calibrator for HOx Experimentation) chamber to characterize the sensitivity of the airborne LIF-FAGE (fluorescence assay by gas expansion) HOx instrument, HORUS, which took part in an intensive airborne campaign, OMO-Asia 2015. It utilizes photolysis of water vapor but has the additional ability to alter the pressure at the nozzle of the HORUS instrument. With APACHE, the HORUS instrument sensitivity towards OH (26.1–7.8 cts s−1 pptv−1 mW−1, ±22.6 % 1σ; cts stands for counts by the detector) and HO2 (21.2–8.1 cts s−1 pptv−1 mW−1, ±22.1 % 1σ) was characterized to the external pressure range at the instrument nozzle of 227–900 mbar. Measurements supported by a computational fluid dynamics model, COMSOL Multiphysics, revealed that, for all pressures explored in this study, APACHE is capable of initializing a homogenous flow and maintaining near-uniform flow speeds across the internal cross section of the chamber. This reduces the uncertainty regarding average exposure times across the mercury (Hg) UV ring lamp. Two different actinometrical approaches characterized the APACHE UV ring lamp flux as 6.37×1014(±1.3×1014) photons cm−2 s−1. One approach used the HORUS instrument as a transfer standard in conjunction with a calibrated on-ground calibration system traceable to NIST standards, which characterized the UV ring lamp flux to be 6.9(±1.1)×1014 photons cm−2 s−1. The second approach involved measuring ozone production by the UV ring lamp using an ANSYCO O3 41 M ozone monitor, which characterized the UV
ring lamp flux to be 6.11(±0.8)×1014 photons cm−2 s−1. Data presented in this study are the first direct calibrations of an airborne HOx instrument, performed in a controlled environment in the lab using APACHE.
Measurements of Ozone Deposition to a Coastal Sea by Eddy
Covariance
Authors: Loades David C. , Yang Mingxi , Bell Thomas G. , Vaughan Adam R. , Pound Ryan J. , Metzger Stefan , Lee James D. , Carpenter Lucy J.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. A fast response (10 Hz) chemiluminescence detector for ozone (O3) was used to determine O3 fluxes using the eddy covariance technique at the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory on the south coast of the UK during April and May 2018. The median O3 flux was −0.132 mg m−2 h−1 (0.018 ppbv m s−1) corresponding to a deposition velocity of 0.037 cm s−1 (interquartile range 0.017–0.065 cm s−1) – similar to the higher values previously reported for open ocean flux measurements, but not as high as some other coastal results. Eddy covariance footprint analysis of the site indicates that the flux footprint was predominantly over water (> 96 %), varying slightly with tide. At moderate-to-high wind speeds, ozone deposition increased with wind speed, and showed a linear dependence with friction velocity of comparable magnitude to predictions from the one-layer model of (Fairall et al., 2007). Deposition was also elevated at very low wind speeds, most likely because the footprint contracted to include a greater land contribution in these conditions.