bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bio-fabricated Selenium Nanoparticles in Morphological Growth Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings at Early Growth Stage
Authors: Setty Jyotsna , Singh Pavan , Pandurangam Vijai
Published: December 2024

The present study highlights the effect of Bio-fabricated Selenium Nanoparticles in Morphological Growth Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings at Early Growth Stage. On plant growth, selenium (Se) exhibits both positive and negative effects. Lower sodium selenite concentrations promoted the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings, while greater sodium selenite concentrations inhibited seedling growth. Physiological studies indicated that Se (sodium selenite) at a concentration between 2 and 6mg/L can promote rice seedling growth; however higher concentration (>6mg/L) became inhibitory. Se treatments activated antioxidative system to enhance stress resistance in plants. Besides, proteins involved in photosynthesis in shoot, as well as carbohydrate and protein metabolism in root were up-regulated under lower Se treatment. When taken as a whole, these facts support the growth of seedlings. Higher Se treatment, however, may result in the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and selenoproteins, which suppress photosynthesis and primary metabolism and impede seedling growth. In order to analyze the Se response pathways in higher plants and create Se-enriched rice cultivars in the future, our study offered new insights into the Se response in rice at the morphological level.
Unveiling the Potential of Guar Gum in Food Applications
Authors: M Jayanthi , P Mareeswaran , P Pandiyaraj , Prabha V. Vijay
Published: December 2024

The multifaceted versatility of guar gum, derived from the cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Beginning with an overview of cluster bean production's agricultural significance and its sensitivity to environmental factors, the study delves into the chemical and physical properties of guar gum. Emphasis is placed on its molecular composition, solubility, viscosity, gelation and thickening capabilities, detailing the factors influencing these properties. The discussion extends to pH stability, interactions with salt and sugar and methods for molecular weight modification. Furthermore, the study examines guar gum's wide-ranging applications across industries, particularly in food, elucidating its role in dairy, processed meats and bakery products. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study offers insights into the diverse uses and importance of guar gum, highlighting its integral role in various fields and its potential for further exploration and innovation.
Formulation and Stability Analysis of Pre-Biotic Carambola-Guava Blended Nectar
Authors: Sangani SL , Raj Dev , Zinzala Paresh , Singh Virendra , Patel Niketa B. , Bharai Ram
Published: December 2024

The current experiment was designed to prepare a pre-biotic carambola-guava blended nectar with standardizing blending levels and fiber concentration using twenty different treatment combinations. These combinations comprised of five different levels of carambola and guava blends and four varying levels of fiber concentrations. The prepared blended nectar was packed in glass bottle and stored at ambient, for three months and were evaluated for physicochemical and organoleptic quality at an interval of one-month. The results indicated that the pre-biotic carambola-guava nectar prepared with 15 per cent guava pulp, 5 per cent carambola, and 0.20 per cent fibere, retained significantly highest overall acceptance up to three month of storage. The TSS (15.00 to 16.08 oBrix), acidity (0.300 to 0.348 %), total sugars (13.27 to 14.29 %), showed an increasing trend with increasing period of storage, while the protein (0.318 to 0.290 %) and ascorbic acid (23.79 to 18.74 %) content showed decreasing trend during storage period of three months. The overall acceptance score (8.00 to 7.22) was decreased during the storage period. Thus, prepared fibre enriched product can commercially be explored by food processing industry to ensure better returns to growers, processors and consumers as well.
House I: A practical study on the relationship of “external shape,” “composition,” and “structure” during the design process
Authors: Hojin Hisashi
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on a house with a workplace for a family of four. The building includes three design elements that play an influential role in architecture: external shape, composition, and structure. I designed the home paying attention to how these components were dealt with throughout the design process and how they would appear in the final product. The correlation of each element is crucial in creating a space where one can experience the dynamic fluctuation of the master‐slave relationship, and we can see the leading part switching for each scene of the space. In this article, I reflect on the design process and examine the way the three elements are handled hierarchically, and those relationships and the significance.
Near‐Unity and Narrowband Thermal Emissivity in Balanced Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Howes Austin , Nolen Joshua R. , Caldwell Joshua D. , Valentine Jason
Published: December 2019

Nanostructured materials have provided new freedoms for tailoring thermal emissivity in an ultracompact footprint. However, while many designs have demonstrated large absorption amplitude, this often comes at the expense of angular dispersion or the need for a reflective backplane. Furthermore, metal‐based designs generally have broad linewidths due to large nonradiative damping. Here, a unique approach is outlined for obtaining narrowband near‐unity thermal emissivity through spectrally overlapping two orthogonal lossy Mie‐type modes in dielectric metasurfaces operating in the long‐wave infrared. Operating near the transverse optic phonon frequency of a polar dielectric provides a suitably lossy environment, but also one featuring extremely large permittivity, enabling deeply subwavelength resonator sizes, insensitivity to the angle of incidence, and large quality factors even while operating in the long‐wave infrared. Balancing the oscillator strengths and optical losses of the two overlapped resonances maximizes the absorption, resulting in a 3C‐SiC metasurface with 78% absorptance and a quality factor of 170. This balanced metasurface possesses a quality factor on par with some of the narrowest band thermal emitters in the long‐wave infrared, while possessing a simple architecture and prospects for unity emissivity.
Nephronophthisis due to a novel DCDC2 variant in a patient from African‐Caribbean descent: A case report
Authors: Slater Brady , Bekheirnia Nasim , Angelo Joseph , Bi Weimen , Braun Michael C. , Bekheirnia Mir Reza
Published: December 2019

Nephronophthisis‐19 (NPHP19) due to truncating mutations in the DCDC2 gene has only been described previously in two patients. We describe a new case in a patient from the island country of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, in the West Indies. This condition is a renal‐hepatic ciliopathy with phenotypic characteristics that include hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fibrosis with bile cholestasis, increased kidney echogenicity, and end‐stage renal disease.Here, we report a 13‐year‐old African‐Caribbean female with areas of absence of heterozygosity suggesting parental consanguinity or identity by decent due to the founder effect, harboring a novel homozygous pathogenic variant (c.383C>G, p.S128*) in exon 3 of DCDC2. Her phenotype is consistent with the other two known cases of NPHP19, however, this patient also presents psychiatric symptoms. These psychiatric findings were not present in the first two documented cases, and we discuss possible etiologies of these symptoms. Our study presents the first patient from the West Indies with NPHP19, and also highlights the need to investigate the frequency of pathogenic variants within at‐risk populations.
Gemcitabine and bendamustine is a safe and effective salvage regimen for patients with recurrent/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Results of a phase 1/2 study
Authors: Cohen Jonathon B. , Wei Lai , Maddocks Kami J. , Christian Beth , Heffner Leonard T. , Langston Amelia A. , Lechowicz Mary Jo , Porcu Pierluigi , Flowers Christopher R. , Devine Steven M. , Blum Kristie A.
Published: December 2019

Background

Both gemcitabine and bendamustine have been evaluated in patients with recurrent/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma but to the authors' knowledge not as a doublet. The authors completed a phase 1/2 trial to identify the optimal dose and frequency of administration and to assess the efficacy of this combination in patients with recurrent/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.

Methods

Patients were treated up to a maximum dose of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 on day 1) and bendamustine (120 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2), which was determined to be the recommended phase 2 dose, administered every 21 days for up to 6 cycles. Patients could discontinue study therapy after 2 cycles to proceed with autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Results

No dose‐limiting toxicities were identified, but 4 patients experienced grade 3 to 5 pulmonary adverse events (toxicity was graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4]). A total of 26 patients were enrolled having completed a median of 4 prior lines of therapy (range, 1‐7 lines), including 13 patients at the recommended phase 2 dose, in whom the overall response rate was 69% and the complete response rate was 46%. The median progression‐free survival for the phase 2 patients was 11 months (95% CI, 3 months to not reached), and the median overall survival for this group had not been reached at the time of last follow‐up (95% CI, 4 months to not reached).

Conclusions

This doublet was found to be tolerable and effective, but patients must be monitored closely for pulmonary toxicity. The authors currently are evaluating this doublet in combination with nivolumab.
Communicating risk for thyroid FNA: The pursuit of a better metric
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Krane Jeffrey F.
Published: December 2019

Communicating the clinical significance of cytologic findings is a vital function of any cytology report. The simplicity and reproducibility of risk of malignancy (ROM), along with the wealth of accumulated data surrounding its use, mean that ROM remains the gold standard for measuring risk in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration specimens, one that is easily understood and has been found to be useful by cytologists, molecular pathologists, clinicians, and patients.
Mapping the TOEFL iBT® Test Scores to China's Standards of English Language Ability: Implications for Score Interpretation and Use
Authors: Papageorgiou Spiros , Wu Sha , Hsieh Ching‐Ni , Tannenbaum Richard J. , Cheng Mengmeng
Published: December 2019

The past decade has seen an emerging interest in mapping (aligning or linking) test scores to language proficiency levels of external performance scales or frameworks, such as the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), as well as locally developed frameworks, such as China's Standards of English Language Ability (CSE). Such alignment is ultimately a claim about the interpretation of test scores in relation to external levels of language proficiency. To support such a claim, established procedures should be carefully implemented and multiple sources of evidence should be collected. In this research report, we demonstrate the application of a series of steps in building an argument for aligning the scores of the TOEFL iBT® test, an international, large‐scale language proficiency test of English as a foreign language (EFL), to the levels of the CSE. The alignment process comprised the following steps: (a) establishing construct congruence between the TOEFL iBT test and the CSE; (b) establishing recommended minimum test scores (cut scores), set by local experts, to classify language learners into the local proficiency levels; (c) collection of scores by test takers (N = 1,326) and evaluations of the test takers' proficiency levels by their teachers, based on the local framework; and (d) consideration of the results of other alignment studies in the local context as well as the link between the CEFR and the CSE levels. We conclude with a discussion of the contextual issues that should be considered when interpreting test scores in relation to external proficiency levels. These contextual issues are important considerations because they have the potential to impact score‐based decisions on individuals and institutions. We also discuss the implications for similar alignment research.
Two effects of GATA2 enhancer repositioning by 3q chromosomal rearrangements
Authors: Suzuki Mikiko , Katayama Saori , Yamamoto Masayuki
Published: December 2019

Chromosomal inversion and translocation between 3q21 and 3q26 [inv (3)(q21.3q26.2) and t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2), respectively] give rise to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), which have poor prognoses. The chromosomal rearrangements reposition a GATA2 distal hematopoietic enhancer from the original 3q21 locus to the EVI1 (also known as MECOM) locus on 3q26. Therefore, the GATA2 enhancer from one of two GATA2 alleles drives EVI1 gene expression in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which promotes the accumulation of abnormal progenitors and induces leukemogenesis. On the other hand, one allele of the GATA2 gene loses its enhancer, which results in reduced GATA2 expression. The GATA2 gene encodes a transcription factor critical for the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. GATA2 haploinsufficiency has been known to cause immunodeficiency and myeloid leukemia. Notably, reduced GATA2 expression suppresses the differentiation but promotes the proliferation of EVI1‐expressing leukemic cells, which accelerates EVI1‐driven leukemogenesis. A series of studies have shown that the GATA2 enhancer repositioning caused by the chromosomal rearrangements between 3q21 and 3q26 provokes misexpression of both the EVI1 and GATA2 genes and that these two effects coordinately elicit high‐risk leukemia.
Inside Cover: Generalized spectral light scatter models of diverse bacterial colony morphologies (J. Biophotonics 12/2019)
Authors: Doh Iyll‐Joon , Sturgis Jennifer , Sarria Zuniga Diana V. , Pruitt Robert E. , Robinson J. Paul , Bae Euiwon
Published: December 2019

The forward elastic‐light‐scattering pattern of a bacterial colony reflects its morphological characteristics. Three bacteria genera whose colonies having convex, crateriform, or irregular elevation were investigated to study the correlation between the morphology and the scattering pattern of the colony. The difference in the colony elevation produced distinct shapes of light diffraction in the scattering pattern, resulting circular diffraction rings or scattered light.

Further details can be found in the article by Iyll‐Joon Doh, Jennifer Sturgis, Diana V. Sarria Zuniga, et al. (e201900149).

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Inside Cover: Cellular transformations in near‐infrared light‐induced apoptosis in cancer cells revealed by label‐free CARS imaging (J. Biophotonics 12/2019)
Authors: Levchenko Svitlana M. , Kuzmin Andrey N. , Pliss Artem , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y. , Prasad Paras N. , Qu Junle
Published: December 2019

CARS microscopy was employed to monitor the reorganization of intracellular lipids and proteins, as well as cellular transformations, after irradiation with near infrared (NIR) light. NIR light was shown to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. The progression of apoptosis assessed with CARS microscopy is apparently associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species followed by an excessive formation of lipid droplets and their peroxidation.

Further details can be found in the article by Svitlana M. Levchenko, Andrey N. Kuzmin, Artem Pliss, et al. (e201900179)

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Artemisinin‐derived dimers and their antimalarial activities
Authors: Yang Peng , Lu MeiLong , Li Ke , Xie Yang
Published: December 2019

Malaria is a tropical disease that leads around half a million people to succumb annually. Antimalarial agents such as artemisinin and its derivatives are crucial to malaria treatment; however, the rapid development of drug resistance to clinically used antimalarials is still the major obstacle to effective chemotherapy. To tackle the growing resistance issue, new antimalarial agents are urgently needed. Using artemisinin‐derived dimers as pharmacological scaffolds has demonstrated promising antimalarial activity; therefore, rational design of the dimers may provide valuable therapeutic intervention to treat malaria or even drug‐resistant malaria. This review emphasized two aspects: (a) different linker‐tethered artemisinin‐derived dimers with potential antimalarial activity and (b) the structure‐activity relationships discussed to provide an insight for rational design of dimers with improved efficiency.
A biuret‐derived, MS‐cleavable cross‐linking reagent for protein structural analysis: A proof‐of‐principle study
Authors: Hage Christoph , Iacobucci Claudio , Götze Michael , Sinz Andrea
Published: December 2019

Chemical cross‐linking combined with mass spectrometry (XL‐MS) and computational modeling has evolved as an alternative method to derive protein 3D structures and to map protein interaction networks. Special focus has been laid recently on the development and application of cross‐linkers that are cleavable by collisional activation as they yield distinct signatures in tandem mass spectra. Building on our experiences with cross‐linkers containing an MS‐labile urea group, we now present the biuret‐based, CID‐MS/MS‐cleavable cross‐linker imidodicarbonyl diimidazole (IDDI) and demonstrate its applicability for protein cross‐linking studies based on the four model peptides angiotensin II, MRFA, substance P, and thymopentin.
Involvement of the rodent prelimbic and medial orbitofrontal cortices in goal‐directed action: A brief review
Authors: Woon Ellen P. , Sequeira Michelle K. , Barbee Britton R. , Gourley Shannon L.
Published: December 2019

Goal‐directed action refers to selecting behaviors based on the expectation that they will be reinforced with desirable outcomes. It is typically conceptualized as opposing habit‐based behaviors, which are instead supported by stimulus–response associations and insensitive to consequences. The prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PL) is positioned along the medial wall of the rodent prefrontal cortex. It is indispensable for action–outcome‐driven (goal‐directed) behavior, consolidating action–outcome relationships and linking contextual information with instrumental behavior. In this brief review, we will discuss the growing list of molecular factors involved in PL function. Ventral to the PL is the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). We will also summarize emerging evidence from rodents (complementing existing literature describing humans) that it too is involved in action–outcome conditioning. We describe experiments using procedures that quantify responding based on reward value, the likelihood of reinforcement, or effort requirements, touching also on experiments assessing food consumption more generally. We synthesize these findings with the argument that the mOFC is essential to goal‐directed action when outcome value information is not immediately observable and must be recalled and inferred.
In a nutshell: prospects and challenges on coatings for edible kernels
Authors: de Azeredo Henriette Monteiro Cordeiro , Otoni Caio Gomide , de Assis Odilio Benedito Garrido , Forato Lucimara Aparecida , Bernardes‐Filho Rubens
Published: December 2019

Edible kernels have been popular food items since ancient times. Although in‐shell nuts are naturally protected and relatively shelf stable, convenience demands require their commercialization in shelled form. However, whereas shelled kernels are more convenient, they are more exposed to oxygen, and thus more susceptible to oxidative rancidity and loss of crunchiness, which negatively affect the product acceptability. In this review, we discuss the role of edible coatings in extending stability of edible kernels, which is an opportunity to be better explored by the industry. The discussion also includes the role of antioxidants in the context of active coatings. Finally, future prospects and research challenges are addressed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Acute airway compromise after recombinant human TSH administration: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dowling Eric , Kasperbauer Jan , Morris John , Bayan Semirra
Published: December 2019

Radioiodine ablation is a commonly utilized treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Uptake of radioiodine can be enhanced by pretreatment with thyroid hormone withdrawal or administration of recombinant human thyroid‐stimulating hormone (rhTSH). rhTSH is generally well‐tolerated with minimal adverse effects. However, in patients with extensive tumor burden in confined anatomic spaces, rapid enlargement of normal or neoplastic thyroid tissue secondary to rhTSH administration can result in significant compressive effects. In this report, we describe a case of rapid airway deterioration requiring intubation in a patient with involvement of the thyroid cartilage by papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Laryngoscope, 122:0000–0000, 2019 Laryngoscope, 130:2725–2727, 2020
A data and text mining pipeline to annotate human mitochondrial variants with functional and clinical information
Authors: Vitale Ornella , Preste Roberto , Palmisano Donato , Attimonelli Marcella
Published: December 2019

Background

Human mitochondrial DNA has an important role in the cellular energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, this process may be the cause and have an effect on mitochondrial DNA mutability, functional alteration, and disease onset related to a wide range of different clinical expressions and phenotypes. Although a large part of the observed variations is fixed in a population and hence expected to be benign, the estimation of the degree of the pathogenicity of any possible human mitochondrial DNA variant is clinically pivotal.

Methods

In this scenario, the establishment of standard criteria based on functional studies is required. In this context, a “data and text mining” pipeline is proposed here, developed using the programming language R, capable of extracting information regarding mitochondrial DNA functional studies and related clinical assessments from the literature, thus improving the annotation of human mitochondrial variants reported in the HmtVar database.

Results

The data mining pipeline has produced a list of 1,073 Pubmed IDs (PMIDs) from which the text mining pipeline has retrieved information on 932 human mitochondrial variants regarding experimental validation and clinical features.

Conclusions

The application of the pipeline will contribute to supporting the interpretation of pathogenicity of human mitochondrial variants by facilitating diagnosis to clinicians and researchers faced with this task.
Quasi‐elliptic dual‐band planar BPF with high‐selectivity and high inter‐band isolation for 5G communications systems
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Virdee Bal S. , Shukla Pancham , Ouazzane Karim , Onadim Muhittin , Salekzamankhani Shahram
Published: December 2019

A novel dual‐band planar bandpass filter structure is presented that exhibits the following characteristics: (a) a quasi‐elliptic function response with high passband selectivity; (b) high inter‐band isolation; and (3) a wide out‐of‐band rejection. The filter is suitable for highly demanding wireless communications systems where the channel capacity is at a premium. The via‐free dual‐band filter consists of open‐loop resonators that are shunt loaded with a half‐wavelength open‐circuit stub. The resonators are coupled electromagnetically to the stepped impedance resonators, which are inter‐digitally coupled to the input/output feed lines. Altering the dimensions of the two stubs allow modification of the resonant mode and transmission zero frequencies. Measured results validate the filter's performance. The center frequencies of the two passband responses at 4.6 GHz and 5.4 GHz have 3‐dB fractional bandwidth of 13.5% and 11.5%, respectively. Insertion‐loss at the two passband center frequencies are 1.02 and 0.8 dB, and the return‐loss is better than 20 dB. Skirt steepness of the filter is >290 dB/GHz, and isolation between the two closely positioned adjacent bands is better than 35 dB.
Advanced glycation end products and chronic inflammation in adult survivors of childhood leukemia treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Felicetti Francesco , Cento Alessia Sofia , Fornengo Paolo , Cassader Maurizio , Mastrocola Raffaella , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Settanni Fabio , Benso Andrea , Arvat Emanuela , Collino Massimo , Fagioli Franca , Aragno Manuela , Brignardello Enrico
Published: December 2019

Background

Among survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), those who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) conditioned with total‐body irradiation (TBI) show the highest risk of late complications, including cardiovascular (CV) disease. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been associated with CV disease in diabetes mellitus and other clinical conditions. This study explores AGEs plasma levels, inflammatory status, and lipid profile in survivors of pediatric ALL who received HSCT conditioned with TBI.

Procedure

Inclusion criteria were (a) previous diagnosis of ALL at age < 18 years, treated with HSCT conditioned with TBI; (b) age > 18 at the time of the study enrollment; (c) off‐therapy for at least five years. Radiotherapy other than TBI, preexisting heart disease, glucose metabolism impairment, body mass index > 25, active graft versus host disease (GvHD), smoking, or treatment with cholesterol lowering medications were exclusion criteria. Eighteen survivors and 30 age‐matched healthy controls were enrolled.

Results

AGEs plasma levels were markedly higher in ALL survivors than in healthy subjects (2.15 ± 2.21 vs 0.29 ± 0.15 pg/mL, P < 0.01). Survivors also showed higher levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (2.32 ± 1.70 vs 0.88 ± 1.09 mg/dL, P < 0.05), IL‐1β (7.04 ± 1.52 vs 4.64 ± 2.02 pg/mL, P < 0.001), IL17 (37.44 ± 3.51 vs 25.19 ± 6.34 pg/mL, P < 0.001), an increased glutathione/reduced glutathione ratio (0.085 ± 0.07 vs 0.041 ± 0.036, P < 0.05) and slight alterations in their lipid profile.

Conclusions

Our data show AGEs accumulation and chronic inflammation in ALL survivors who received HSCT conditioned with TBI. These alterations may contribute to the increased risk of CV disease reported in these subjects.
Comparison of MoS2/p‐GaN Heterostructures Fabricated via Direct Chemical Vapor Deposition and Transfer Method
Authors: Lee Juhun , Jang Hyunwoo , Kwak Taemyung , Choi Uiho , So Byeongchan , Nam Okhyun
Published: December 2019

Herein, the fabrication of MoS2/p‐GaN heterostructures via direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and transfer methods are demonstrated. The molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layers are grown on p‐GaN and sapphire substrates via CVD under the same growth conditions. Subsequently, in the case of sapphire substrate, MoS2 from the sapphire substrate is transferred onto the p‐GaN substrates to produce a vertically stacked heterostructure. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images indicate that the MoS2 that is directly grown on the GaN substrate exhibits granular structure, whereas the transferred MoS2 exhibits triangle‐shaped grains. In the current–voltage measurement of the heterostructures, similar I–V curves are obtained for the direct CVD and transfer methods. However, the results indicate higher current in the transfer‐produced heterostructure than in the CVD‐produced heterostructure. The difference in resistance in both heterostructures is attributed to the density of the grain boundary of MoS2. The results suggest that the type of substrate is crucial and the quality of the MoS2 layers depends on them.
Emission Properties of GaN Planar Hexagonal Microcavities
Authors: Pozina Galia , Hemmingsson Carl , Belonovskii Alexei V. , Levitskii Iaroslav V. , Mitrofanov Maxim I. , Girshova Elizaveta I. , Ivanov Konstantin A. , Rodin Sergey N. , Morozov Konstantin M. , Evtikhiev Vadim P. , Kaliteevski Mikhail A.
Published: December 2019

Fabrication of microcavities based on III‐nitrides is challenging due to difficulties with the coherent growth of heterostructures having a large number of periods, at the same time keeping a good precision in terms of thickness and composition of the alloy. A planar design for GaN microresonators supporting whispering gallery modes is suggested. GaN hexagonal microstructures are fabricated by selective‐area metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using focused ion beam for mask patterning. Low‐temperature cathodoluminescence spectra measured with a high spatial resolution demonstrate two dominant emission lines in the near bandgap region. These lines merge at room temperature into a broad emission band peaking at ≈3.3 eV, which is shifted toward lower energies compared with the reference excitonic spectrum measured for the GaN layer. A numerical analysis of exciton–polariton modes shows that some strongly localized cavity modes can have high Purcell coefficients and can strongly interact with the GaN exciton.
Vaporization and thermodynamics of ceramics in the Sm2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system
Authors: Kablov Eugene N. , Stolyarova Valentina L. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Shilov Andrey L. , Karachevtsev Fedor N. , Medvedev Pavel N.
Published: December 2019

Rationale

The Sm2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system holds promise for applications in the sphere of high‐temperature technologies, particularly the development of ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics. However, the reliability of refractory materials is dependent on the possible selective vaporization of their components leading to changes in their physicochemical properties. Thus, information about vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of ceramics based on the Sm2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system may be of importance for the production of high‐temperature materials as well as for the prediction of the physicochemical properties of ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics.

Methods

The Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric method was used, with an MS‐1301 magnetic mass spectrometer equipped with a tungsten twin effusion cell used to examine the samples in the Sm2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system. Electron ionization of vapor species effusing from the cell was carried out at an ionization energy of 25 eV.

Results

It was shown that at a temperature of 2373 K, selective vaporization of Sm2O3 and Y2O3 occurred in the samples of the Sm2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system, with the main vapor species being SmO, Sm, YO, and O. The partial pressures of these vapor species were obtained by the ion current comparison method. The Sm2O3 activities in the Sm2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system were determined and allowed the evaluation of the excess Gibbs energies at 2373 K. The direction of change of the condensed phase of the samples because of selective vaporization of the components was examined.

Conclusions

The Sm2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system was characterized by negative deviations from the ideal behavior at 2373 K. The excess Gibbs energies evaluated in the present study were approximated using the Redlich‐Kister representation and visualized in the form of curves of constant values in the concentration triangle. The data obtained in the Sm2O3‐Y2O3‐HfO2 system were optimized using the Barker‐Guggenheim theory of associated solutions.
Isolated unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis presenting with massive hemoptysis
Authors: Kang Min Kyun , Kang Do Kyun , Hwang Youn‐Ho
Published: December 2019

This case was about a 21‐year‐old man with recurrent and persistent hemoptysis. Chest computed tomography scan showed a right‐sided pulmonary artery agenesis and associated hypertrophic change of right side bronchial arteries. Thoracic aortogram revealed abnormal collateral arteries supplying the right lung. Minor hemoptysis continued even after endovascular embolization of collateral vessels was performed. Right pneumonectomy was performed and the patient was treated successfully. Physicians should be aware that unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis could be a source of hemoptysis and pneumonectomy may be the best treatment.
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates into Levulinic Acid Assisted by a Cationic Surface Active Agent
Authors: Onkarappa Sharath Bandibairanahalli , Bhat Navya Subray , Parashuram Devaraj , Dutta Saikat
Published: December 2019

Levulinic acid (LA), a bio‐renewable chemical building block, has been produced in good isolated yields by treating biomass‐derived carbohydrates with aqueous hydrochloric acid in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts as cationic surface‐active agent (SAA). Under optimized conditions (120 °C, 3 h, 20.2% HCl), the one‐pot process afforded LA in 80% isolated yield from glucose using only 5.77 mol% (10 wt%) of benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) at the SAA. The control reaction (no BTBAC) provided LA in only 64% yield from glucose under identical conditions. The process was optimized on the reaction temperature, loading of BTBAC, and the concentration of HCl. The use of BTBAC led to a nearly 8–17% increase in yield of LA (compared to the control reaction) for all the carbohydrates studied.
Unprecedented Formation of 2‐Chloro‐5‐(2‐chlorobenzyl)‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridine 5‐oxide via Oxidation‐Chlorination Reaction Using Oxone: A Combination of Synthesis and 1D‐2D NMR Studies
Authors: Krake Everaldo F. , Baumann Wolfgang
Published: December 2019

Ticlopidine hydrochloride (1⋅HCl, Ticlid™) is a prodrug that, through bioactivation by cytochrome P450 (CYP), interacts with the P2Y12 receptor ADP inhibiting platelet aggregation. This prodrug mediated by a multistep biochemical process led to the formation of active metabolic intermediates. In this work, an eco‐friendly and efficient protocol for the formation of 2‐chloroticlopidine (2) using 1⋅HCl and oxone in aqueous methanol media via an unprecedented formation of reactive thienopyridine intermediate 2‐chloro‐5‐(2‐chlorobenzyl)‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridine 5‐oxide (4) was developed. The key to success of 4 is the oxidation of tertiary amines to N‐oxides, followed by mono‐chlorination at the 2‐position of the thiophene ring by oxidation of the chloride counterion of this prodrug. In addition, we use the 1D and 2D NMR techniques as a tool to monitor reaction progress, and for assigning the signals of all compounds involved, especially for the novel thienopyridine 4.
Beitrag zur Dimensionierung von Halsnähten luftdichter Hohlkästen unter temperaturinduziertem Innendruck
Authors: Radtke Frank Kurt Friedrich , Schubart Ralf
Published: December 2019

Herrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Peter Schaumann zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet

Dichtgeschweißte Stahlhohlkästen sind eine effiziente und erprobte Bauweise im Stahl‐ und Stahlverbundbrückenbau. Die Prüfung und Inspektion innen liegender Schweißnähte ist jedoch nur bedingt oder gar nicht möglich, sodass eine robuste Ausführung innen liegender Schweißnähte geboten ist. Nun haben Messungen bestätigt, dass es in dichtgeschweißten Stahlhohlkästen zu nennenswerten Veränderungen des Innendrucks in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur kommt. Die daraus resultierenden Druckunterschiede zwischen Innen‐ und Umgebungsluftdruck stellen eine nicht zu vernachlässigende – bisher aber nicht berücksichtigte – zusätzliche Belastung der Halsnähte dar. Es wird ein ingenieurpraktischer Ansatz zur Dimensionierung ebendieser Halsnähte dichtgeschweißter Hohlkästen unter sowohl Schubbelastung aus der Haupttragwerkswirkung als auch Biegebelastung aus temperaturinduziertem Innendruck hergeleitet. Verschiedene Einflussgrößen werden untersucht und die Ergebnisse werden in vereinfachten Berechnungsansätzen zusammengefasst, deren Anwendung kurz dargestellt wird.
Das Mannesmann‐Hochhaus Düsseldorf
Authors: Hauke Bernhard
Published: December 2019

Das Mannesmann‐Hochhaus wurde 1955–1958 am Düsseldorfer Rheinufer für den Industriekonzern als Verwaltungsgebäude neben dem bestehenden Stammhaus gebaut. Dass die Stadtsilhouette prägende Gebäude im Stile der Nachkriegsmoderne ist eines der ersten modernen Hochhäuser Deutschlands. Neben dem Architekten Paul Schneider‐Esleben ist es insbesondere das Verdienst des Tragwerksplaners Georg Lewenton, dass dieses schlanke und transparente Gebäude so möglich wurde. Beraten und unterstützt haben auch Fritz Leonhardt (TH Stuttgart) bei den Knaggen‐Anschlüssen an die Stützen aus Mannesmannrohren oder Theodor Kristen (TH Braunschweig) bei den Versuchen mit dünnen Brandschutzputzen. Das Mannesmann‐Hochhaus ist ein schönes Beispiel, dass sichtbare architektonische Leistungen auch immer die weniger sichtbaren Beiträge der planenden und forschenden Ingenieure und einer innovativen Industrie bedürfen.
Seismic response of RC buildings subjected to fling‐step in the near‐fault region
Authors: Hamidi Hamed , Karbassi Amin , Lestuzzi Pierino
Published: December 2019

Fling‐step and forward directivity are the major consequences of near‐fault ground motions as they can impose unexpected seismic demands on structures located in the vicinity of the fault. The pernicious effect of forward directivity on the seismic behavior of structures has been studied widely. However, not much research has been conducted to investigate the influence of fling‐step that is related to a large co‐seismic displacement. Moreover, the inconsistent results reported in the literature create a scientific challenge about the effect of fling‐step on the seismic behavior of long‐period structures. In this paper, the effect of fling‐step is studied by comparing the displacement ductility demand in various single degree of freedom systems with different natural frequencies and strength reduction factors, subjected to long‐period ground motions (generated and as‐recorded) with and without fling‐step. Subsequently, two 11‐ and 20‐story reinforced concrete buildings are considered and the effect of removing the fling‐step on their maximum inter‐story drifts is studied. The results indicate that the ratio of the fundamental period of the structure to the fling‐pulse period plays an important role and the demands imposed on those systems without fling‐step may increase or decrease based on the ground motions type and structural characteristics. Also, a similar trend in the displacement ductility demand was observed in this condition.
Characterization and Thermal Behavior of the Iron Dietary Supplement Ferrous Glycine Sulfate Pentahydrate
Authors: Gallo Gianpiero , Bette Sebastian , Dinnebier Robert E.
Published: December 2019

Ferrous glycine sulfate pentahydrate [Fe(glycine)(SO4)·5H2O with glycine = C2H5NO2], contained in the supplement for treating iron deficiency anaemia, commercially known as ferro sanol duodenal®, was characterized by laboratory X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). The thermal behavior was investigated by thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) and temperature‐dependent in situ XRPD measurements. Furthermore, the phase transitions to a less hydrated form [Fe(glycine)(SO4)·3H2O] and successively to the anhydrous form were demonstrated to occur in the crystalline solid state. Compared to the crystal structure of the pentahydrate, the trihydrate exhibits a different coordination environment of the iron sites where glycine ligands bridge iron forming a 1D polymeric chain structure. From detailed structural comparison, the mechanism of the phase transitions can be concluded.
Automated simulations beyond the Standard Model: supersymmetry
Authors: Frixione Stefano , Fuks Benjamin , Hirschi Valentin , Mawatari Kentarou , Shao Hua-Sheng , Sunder Marthijn P. A. , Zaro Marco
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework aims to automate all types of leading- and next-to-leading-order-accurate simulations for any user-defined model that stems from a renormalisable Lagrangian. In this paper, we present all of the key ingredients of such models in the context of supersymmetric theories. In order to do so, we extend the FeynRules package by giving it the possibility of dealing with different renormalisation options that are relevant to supersymmetric models. We also show how to deal with the problem posed by the presence of narrow resonances, thus generalising the so-called on-shell subtraction approaches. We extensively compare our total rate results with those of both Prospino2 and Resummino, and present illustrative applications relevant to the 13 TeV LHC, both at the total-rate and differential levels. The computer programmes that we have used to obtain the predictions presented here are all publicly available.
The S-matrix bootstrap. Part III: higher dimensional amplitudes
Authors: Paulos Miguel F. , Penedones Joao , Toledo Jonathan , van Rees Balt C. , Vieira Pedro
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We consider constraints on the S-matrix of any gapped, Lorentz invariant quantum field theory in 3+1 dimensions due to crossing symmetry, analyticity and unitarity. We extremize cubic couplings, quartic couplings and scattering lengths relevant for the elastic scattering amplitude of two identical scalar particles. In the cases where our results can be compared with the older S-matrix literature they are in excellent agreement. We also extremize a cubic coupling in 2+1 dimensions which we can directly compare to a universal bound for a QFT in AdS. This paper generalizes our previous 1+1 dimensional results of [1] and [2].
Sphere packing and quantum gravity
Authors: Hartman Thomas , Mazáč Dalimil , Rastelli Leonardo
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We establish a precise relation between the modular bootstrap, used to con- strain the spectrum of 2D CFTs, and the sphere packing problem in Euclidean geometry. The modular bootstrap bound for chiral algebra U(1)
c
maps exactly to the Cohn-Elkies linear programming bound on the sphere packing density in d = 2c dimensions. We also show that the analytic functionals developed earlier for the correlator conformal bootstrap can be adapted to this context. For c = 4 and c = 12, these functionals exactly repro- duce the “magic functions” used recently by Viazovska [1] and Cohn et al. [2] to solve the sphere packing problem in dimensions 8 and 24. The same functionals are also applied to general 2D CFTs, with only Virasoro symmetry. In the limit of large central charge, we relate sphere packing to bounds on the black hole spectrum in 3D quantum gravity, and prove analytically that any such theory must have a nontrivial primary state of dimension

$$ {\Delta}_0\underset{\sim }{<}c/\mathrm{8.503.} $$

Δ
0

<
˜

c
/
8.503.
Quantizing a solitonic string
Authors: Shifman M. , Yung A.
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Quite often the zero mode dynamics on solitonic vortices are described by a non-conformal effective world-sheet sigma model (WSSM). We address the problem of solitonic string quantization in this case. As well-known, only critical strings with conformal WSSMs are self-consistent in ultra-violet (UV) domain. Thus, we look for the appropriate UV completion of the low-energy non-conformal WSSM. We argue that for the solitonic strings supported in well-defined bulk theories the UV complete WSSM has a UV fixed point which can be used for string quantization. As an example, we consider BPS non- Abelian vortices supported by four-dimensional (4D)

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 SQCD with the gauge group U(N) and N

f
quark multiplets where N

f

≥ N. In addition to translational moduli the non-Abelian vortex under consideration carries orientational and size moduli. Their low- energy dynamics are described by a two-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= (2, 2) supersymmetric weighted model, namely, 𝕎ℂℙ (N, N

f

− N ). Given our UV completion of this WSSM we find its UV fixed point. The latter defines a superconformal WSSM. We observe two cases in which this conformal WSSM, combined with the free theory for four translational moduli, has ten-dimensional target space required for superstrings to be critical.
Electron EDM and muon anomalous magnetic moment in two-Higgs-doublet models
Authors: Chun Eung Jin , Kim Jongkuk , Mondal Tanmoy
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The CP violating two-Higgs doublet model of type-X may enhance significantly the electric and magnetic moment of leptons through two-loop Barr-Zee diagrams. We analyze the general parameter space of the type-X 2HDM consistent with the muon g − 2 and the electron EDM measurements to show how strongly the CP violating parameter is constrained in the region explaining the muon g − 2 anomaly.
The Impact of Peer Assessment on Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis of Control Group Studies
Authors: Double Kit S. , McGrane Joshua A. , Hopfenbeck Therese N.
Published: December 2019

Peer assessment has been the subject of considerable research interest over the last three decades, with numerous educational researchers advocating for the integration of peer assessment into schools and instructional practice. Research synthesis in this area has, however, largely relied on narrative reviews to evaluate the efficacy of peer assessment. Here, we present a meta-analysis (54 studies, k = 141) of experimental and quasi-experimental studies that evaluated the effect of peer assessment on academic performance in primary, secondary, or tertiary students across subjects and domains. An overall small to medium effect of peer assessment on academic performance was found (g = 0.31, p < .001). The results suggest that peer assessment improves academic performance compared with no assessment (g = 0.31, p = .004) and teacher assessment (g = 0.28, p = .007), but was not significantly different in its effect from self-assessment (g = 0.23, p = .209). Additionally, meta-regressions examined the moderating effects of several feedback and educational characteristics (e.g., online vs offline, frequency, education level). Results suggested that the effectiveness of peer assessment was remarkably robust across a wide range of contexts. These findings provide support for peer assessment as a formative practice and suggest several implications for the implementation of peer assessment into the classroom.
Testing for the emergence of spontaneous order
Authors: Georgalos Konstantinos , Hey John
Published: December 2019

We report on an experimental investigation of the emergence of Spontaneous Order, the idea that societies can co-ordinate, without government intervention, on a form of society that is good for its citizens, as described by Adam Smith. Our experimental design is based on a production game with a convex input provision possibility frontier, where subjects have to choose a point on this frontier. We start with a simple society consisting of just two people, two inputs, one final good and in which the production process exhibits returns to specialisation. We then study more complex societies by increasing the size of the society (groups of 6 and 9 subjects) and the number of inputs (6 and 9 inputs respectively), as well as the combinations of inputs that each subject can provide. This form of production can be characterised as a cooperative game, where the Nash equilibrium predicts that the optimal outcome is achieved when each member of this society specialises in the provision of a single input. Based on this framework, we investigate whether Spontaneous Order can emerge, without it being imposed by the government. We find strong evidence in favour of the emergence of Spontaneous Order, with communication being an important factor. Using text classification algorithms (Multinomial Naive Bayes) we quantitatively analyse the available chat data and we provide insight into the kind of communication that fosters specialisation in the absence of external involvement. We note that, while communication has been shown to foster coordination in other contexts (for example, in public goods games, market entry games and competitive coordination games) this contribution is in the context of a production game where specialisation is crucial.