bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRAKTIK BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA : TEORI DAN KENYATAANNYA
Authors: Tarmizi Jeffits Khusnu Alif , Yope Sri Aisyah , Isma Aam Azatil , Harviani Evi , Fitrawansyah
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

Krisis moneter tahun 1998 yang menimpa Indonesia mendorong masyarakat untuk mencari alternatif ekonomi lainnya yaitu ekonomi syariah. Akan tetapi, praktik ekonomi syariah di Indonesia masih kental dengan praktik ekonomi konvensional terutama yang terdapat dalam lembaga keuangan syariah atau perbankan syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif telaah literatur untuk meneliti bagaimana praktik ekonomi syariah dalam perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik ekonomi syariah syariah yaitu murabahah, penerapan denda, dan penggunaan akad dalam Bank Syariah di Indonesia masih jauh dari prinsip syariat Islam, dan didukung oleh pembuat peraturan ekonomi syariah yang melakukan salah tafsir mengenai pengimplementasian ekonomi syariah.

Kata Kunci: Bank Syariah, Ekonomi Islam, Bank Konvensional

Abstract

The 1998 monetary crisis that hit Indonesia encouraged people to look for other economic alternatives, namely the sharia economy. However, the practice of Islamic economics in Indonesia is still thick with conventional economic practices, especially those found in Islamic financial institutions or Islamic banking. This study uses a qualitative research method to examine the literature to examine how the practice of Islamic economics in Islamic banking in Indonesia. The results show that the practice of sharia sharia economics, namely murabahah, the application of fines, and the use of contracts in Islamic banks in Indonesia is still far from the principles of Islamic law, and is supported by sharia economic regulators who misinterpret the implementation of sharia economics.

Keywords: Sharia Bank, Islamic Economy, Conventional Bank
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MODAL KERJA DALAM MENINGKATKAN SISA HASIL USAHA (SHU) PADA KOPERASI SERBA USAHA (KSU) TUANG LANGNGARANG DESA SAMASUNDU TAHUN 2016-2020
Authors: Nursaida  , Novia Sandra Dewi
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis penggunaan modal kerja dalam meningkatkan Sisa Hasil Usaha (SHU) pada Koperasi Serba Usaha (KSU) Tuang Langngarang Desa Samasundu tahun 2016-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sumber data sekunder berupa data neraca dan laporan SHU. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah perputaran modal kerja, analisis Common Size, analisis Trend, dan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perputaran modal kerja cukup baik dengan rata-rata perputaran 2,38 kali, analisis Common Size neraca dan SHU baik dengan persentase rata-rata 449% pada neraca, dan 228% pada SHU. Analisis Trend juga diperoleh hasil yang sangat baik, pada neraca rata-rata peningkatan sebesar 175% dan SHU sebesar 277%. Penggunaan modal kerja memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan SHU pada KSU Tuang Langngarang Desa Samasundu dengan hasil perhitungan thitung 12.873 > ttabel 3.82 dan signifikansi 0.01<0.05. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah agar koperasi lebih mengifisienkan dan meningkatkan SHU yang diperoleh.
PENGARUH BIAYA TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAAN STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Achmad Fauzi Arifanto
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to test the effect of CSR on firm financial. This  research is motivated by the fact that there is a lower level of activities of CSR and its disclosure and also mixed results from previous research. This research used Corporate Social Disclosure Index (CSDI) as a measure of CSR disclosure, based on indicators from  Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI).  The samples of this research are 170 public firms  listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) year 2007 and 2008 Relatively lower score of CSDI shows that CSR disclosure in firms annual report is still low. This may due to there is still no mandatory rules regarding CSR disclosure in Indonesia and the lack of firms awareness of the importance of CSR and its disclosure in annual report. Test results show that CSR disclosure have positive and not significant effect on Return on Equity as a measure of financial performance.
PENGARUH FASILITAS DROP BOX, BENTUK DAN ISI FORMULIR SPT TERHADAP KESADARAN WAJIB PAJAK DALAM MELAPORKAN SPT (Studi Kasus Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Kota Kediri)
Authors: AGRYAN ATMA WIJAYA
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh fasilitas drop box, bentuk dan isi formulir SPT terhadap kesadaran Wajib Pajak dalam melaporkan SPT. Rendahnya tingkat pelaporan SPT pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama  Kediri menunjukkan bahwa masih rendahnya tingkat kesadaran Wajib Pajak di Kediri. Pelaporan SPT sangat penting, karena dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk mempertanggung jawabkan perhitungan pajaknya.

                Metode statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wajib pajak orang pribadi Kota Kediri. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian adalah 180 responden yang telah mempunyai Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP).

Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji koefisien determinasi R2 (adjusted R2 ) menunjukkan sebesar 15,7%. Variasi kesadaran wajib pajak dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi dari ke dua variabel independen yaitu  drop box,  bentuk dan isi formulir SPT, sedangkan sisanya 84,3% dijelaskan oleh sebab-sebab yang lain. Hasil analisis pada uji keberartian model (Uji F) menyatakan bahwa fasilitas drop box, bentuk dan isi formulir SPT berpengaruh secara bersama-sama terhadap kesadaran wajib pajak dalam melaporkan SPT. Hasil pengujian signifikansi parameter individual (Uji t) menunjukkan bahwa ke dua variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesadaran wajib pajak dalam melaporkan SPT.
PENGARUH PRAKTEK MANAJEMEN LABA DAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENETAPAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar dalam Corporate Governance Perception Index (CGPI) 2010)
Authors: ETIKA IRMA SUGIARTI
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research is to find the influence of earning management and financial performance to assembling GCG. Earning management in this research measure with discretionary accrual. Financial perform measure with Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q. GCG in this research has two variale, such as institutional ownership and managerial ownership. The sample of this study was companies listed in CGPI. The amount of the sample was 19 companies within three periods, such as 2009 until 2011. The data was collected using purposive sampling method. The result of this study that earning management doesn’t influence to GCG. ROE doesn’t influence to institutional ownership and managerial ownersip. Tobin’s Q signifikant influence to institutional ownership. ROA signifikant influece to managerial ownership.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI DENGAN PERSEPSI KEADILAN PAJAK SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING DI KPP PRATAMA SURABAYA SAWAHAN
Authors: YUNITA PURWA WARDHANI  , MIENATI SOMYA LASMANA
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of tax knowledge to taxpayer’s compliance with the perceived tax fairness as an intervening variable in KPP Pratama Surabaya Sawahan.

                Data was collected through questionnaire method that contains a list of statements about each of the variables studied.Respondents of this study was effective individual taxpayers who derive income from business and/or work freely in KPP Pratama Surabaya Sawahan. Samples are taken  of 100 respondents.

                Analysis of data in this study using the program SmartPLS 2.0. Testing hypotheses using PLS approach, carried out in two stages, namely, testing the outer model and inner model. Outer model test done to prove validity and reliability of all indicators in each variable of the model. Inner model test was conducted to test the effect between variables of the model appropriate to previously defined hypotheses.

                Result of each test showed: (1) tax knowledge has significant positively effect to perceived tax fairness, (2) perceived tax fairness has significant positively effect to taxpayer’s compliance, (3) tax knowledge has positively and no significant to taxpayer’s compliance, (4) tax knowledge has significant positively to taxpayer’s compliance by perceived tax fairness.
PENGARUH INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG LISTING DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA 2012 - 2014)
Authors: BAKUH KARYANTO
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study  was  to  determine the effect of  intellectual capital toward  firm value  with  the financial  performance  as the  intervening variable.The independent variable  applied  in this study  was the  intellectual capital which was measured by  value added intellectual coefficient  (VAIC).  The dependentvariable in this study was the firm value is measured by using price-to-book value (PBV),  while  financial performance  as  an  intervening variable  is  measured by using return on asset (ROA). The samples  of this study  were  the  banking companies listed  by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)  within the  period  of  2012-2014. Data were collected  by  using purposive sampling  method. Based on the mentioned  criteria, 27 companies were selected as the sample of this study. The data analysis tool used in this study was path analysis with SPSS software 21 version.
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIABEL PERATAAN LABA TERHADAP EKSPEKTASI KINERJA LABA MASA DEPAN PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2007-2008
Authors: Achmad Fauzi Arifanto
Published: March 2024

Informasi laba merupakan komponen laporan keuangan perusahaan yang bertujuan untuk menilai kinerja manajemen, membantu  mengestimasi kemampuan  laba yang representatif dalam jangka panjang, meramalkan laba, menaksir resiko dalam berinvestasi. Hal ini disadari oleh manejem perusahaan, sehingga cenderung melakukan perilaku tak semestinya yaitu dengan melakukan praktik perataan laba. Dalam hal ini perusahaan manufaktur yang  dijadikan sorotan, karena perusahaan  manufaktur sebagai emiten terbesar dari seluruh perusahaan yang go public di Bursa Efek  Indonesia tentunya tidak bisa lepas dari praktik perataan laba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor perataan laba seperti laba bersih, leverage, total asset, ukuran perusahaan, dan  discretionary accrual  terhadap kinerja (laba) masa depan perusahaan.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat korelatif, yaitu mencari hubungan antara perataan laba (income  smoothing) dengan ekspektasi kinerja (laba) masa depan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah  122  perusahaan manufaktur  yang  terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama tahun 2007 sampai dengan 2008. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel independen yang meliputi: net earning, leverage, total asset, size, discretionary accrual dan expected earning sebagai variabel dependen. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian  ini adalah metode dokumentasi yang diambil dari  laporan keuangan perusahaan terkait dan buku-buku yang menunjang dalam penelitian. Analisis data untuk penelitian ini adalah dengan analis uji asumsi klasik, uji korelasi, uji determinasi (r²), uji F dan uji individual (uji t) .

Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa variabel perataan laba (net earning,  leverage, total asset, size, dan discretionary accrual) mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja (laba) masa depan perusahaan manufaktur yang go public di  Bursa  Efek  Indonesia. Hal ini di buktikan dengan hasil Uji Keberartian Model (Uji F) yakni variabel independen besama-sama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap expected  earning, dan juga dibuktikan dengan hasil  uji  koefisien determinasi (r²) yang nilainya  cukup tinggi sebesar 97,7% sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara perataan laba dengan expected earning perusahaan. Namun ada variabel perataan laba yang dinyatakan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap ekspektasi kinerja (laba) masa depan perusahaan pada Uji Signifikansi Parameter Individual. Analisis regresi dengan menggunakan metode uji-t dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 menunjukkan bahwa dari lima variabel yang diujikan terhadap expected earning, hanya dua variabel yang memiliki pengaruh  signifikanyakni net earnings dan total asset perusahaan.
AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN ALOKASI DANA DESA TAHUN 2017 DI DESA SUMBER PINANG KECAMATAN MLANDINGAN KABUPATEN SITUBONDO CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF NOTARY ON COUNTERFEITING AUTHENTIC DEED
Authors: Rima Sari Febriyanti  , Dra. Yulinartati, AK, MM, CA  , Elok Fitriyah
Published: March 2024

Research on Accountability of Village Fund Allocation Fund Management in 2017 In

Sumber Pinang Village, Mlandingan Sub-District, Situbondo Regency. The objective to be

achieved is to describe accountability of planning, implementation, reporting and accountability

of management of Village Fund Allocation Year 2017 in Sumber Pinang Village Mlandingan

Subdistrict of Situbondo Regency.

Discussion in this thesis is about planning, implementation, reporting and accountability of

management of Village Fund Allocation Year 2017 in Sumber Pinang Village Mlandingan

Subdistrict Situbondo Regency In the writing of this research, the author uses descriptive

qualitative research method by describing or describing the state of the subject or object of

research.

Based on the results of research and data analysis and discussion that has been done then

it can be concluded that: (1) Planning of the ADD program (Village Fund Allocation) in the

village of Sumber Pinang Mlandingan District Situbondo Regency has gradually implemented the

concept of participatory development of village communities; (2) The implementation of the ADD

(Village Fund Allocation) program in Sumber Pinang village, Mlandingan Subdistrict, Situbondo

District has applied participative, responsive, transparent principles; (3) Accountability of both

technical and administrative accounting is good, but in the case of financial administration

accountability, the competence of human resource managers is the main obstacle, so it still

requires assistance from local government apparatus in order to adjust the rule change every

year.
A reconfigurable multi-terrain adaptive casualty transport aid base on Watt II six-bar linkage for industrial environment
Authors: Jiao Zongqi , Wang Haibin , Fei Cuizhi , Wang Liang , Yuan Jincan , Meng Qiaoling , Lu Xuhua
Published: March 2024

Introduction: This paper presents the Reconfigurable Multi-Terrain Adaptive Casualty Transport Aid (RMTACTA), an innovative solution addressing the critical need for rapid and safe pre-hospital casualty transport in industrial environments. The RMTACTA, leveraging the Watt II six-bar linkage, offers enhanced adaptability through six modes of motion, overcoming the limitations of traditional stretchers and stretcher vehicles by facilitating navigation across narrow and challenging terrains.

Methods: The RMTACTA's design incorporates two branching four-bar mechanisms to form a compact, reconfigurable Watt II six-bar linkage mechanism. This setup is controlled via a single remote rope, allowing for easy transition between its multiple operational modes, including stretcher, stretcher vehicle, folding, gangway-passing, obstacle-crossing, and upright modes. The mechanical design and kinematics of this innovative linkage are detailed, alongside an analysis of the optimal design and mechanical evaluation of rope control.

Results: A prototype of the RMTACTA was developed, embodying the proposed mechanical and kinematic solutions. Preliminary tests were conducted to verify the prototype's feasibility and operability across different terrains, demonstrating its capability to safely and efficiently transport casualties.

Discussion: The development of the proposed Reconfigurable Multi-Terrain Adaptive Casualty Transport Aid (RMTACTA) introduces a novel perspective on the design of emergency medical transport robots and the enhancement of casualty evacuation strategies. Its innovative application of the Watt II six-bar linkage mechanism not only showcases the RMTACTA's versatility across varied terrains but also illuminates its potential utility in critical scenarios such as earthquake relief, maritime rescue, and battlefield medical support.
Radio frequency hyperthermia system for skin tightening effect by filled waveguide aperture antenna with compact metamaterials
Authors: Kim Ikhwan , Lee Dong-Min , Shin Jae-Woo , Lee Gyoun-Jung , Kim Eun-Seong , Kim Nam-Young
Published: March 2024

Radio frequency (RF) hyperthermia focuses on raising the target area temperature to a value exceeding 45°C. Collagen is stimulated when the temperature rises to 45°C at the dermal layer, resulting in skin tightening. However, most studies on RF hyperthermia have focused on tumor ablation or using electrodes to radiate an electromagnetic field, which is highly inefficient. This study proposed a non-invasive RF hyperthermia skin-tightening system with a compact metamaterial-filled waveguide aperture antenna. The proposed RF system increased the temperature by 11.6°C and 35.3°C with 20 and 80 W of 2.45 GHz RF power, respectively, within 60 s and exhibited a very focused effective area. Furthermore, a metamaterial was proposed to reduce the size of the waveguide aperture antenna and focus the electromagnetic field in the near-field region. The proposed metamaterial-filled waveguide aperture antenna was compact, measuring 10 mm × 17.4 mm, with a peak gain of 2.2 dB at 2.45 GHz. The measured hyperthermia performance indicated that the proposed RF system exhibited better power- and time-efficient hyperthermia performance than other RF hyperthermia systems in the cosmetic skin lifting commercial market. The proposed RF hyperthermia systems will be applied into a new generation of beauty cosmetic devices.
The effects of oxygen addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Mo alloys for biomedical application
Authors: Kobayashi Sengo , Okano Satoshi
Published: March 2024

The effective use of oxygen as an alloying element in Ti alloys is attractive due to the reduction of production cost and the increase in strength and hardness of the alloy. Although the oxygen addition in a Ti alloy increases strength and hardness, it may induce brittleness. An appropriate combination of alloying elements and thermomechanical treatment must be clarified for the use of oxygen as an alloying element. Ti-(0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0)Mo-(0, 1.5, 3.0)O alloys were developed, and their microstructure and mechanical properties were examined. Ti-1Mo-3O alloy exhibited fine grains of α+β two phases having the tensile strength of 1,297 MPa with 15.5% for total strain at fracture. The Ti-1Mo-3O alloy has 1.5 times the tensile strength and the same total strain as the Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy. Ti-(1.0, 2.0, 3.0)Mo-1.5O alloys also have excellent mechanical properties, with tensile strength of about 1,050–1,150 MPa and a total strain of about 20%–25%. In order to develop a high strength and moderate ductility Ti-Mo alloy using oxygen as an alloying element, the microstructure should have fine grains of α+β two phases with proper volume fraction of α and β phases and specific molybdenum concentration in β phase.
Advances in succinic acid production: the enhancement of CO2 fixation for the carbon sequestration benefits
Authors: Lin Fanzhen , Li Wenwei , Wang Dan , Hu Ge , Qin Zhao , Xia Xue , Hu Lin , Liu Xuemei , Luo Ruoshi
Published: March 2024

Succinic acid (SA), one of the 12 top platform chemicals produced from biomass, is a precursor of various high value-added derivatives. Specially, 1 mol CO2 is assimilated in 1 mol SA biosynthetic route under anaerobic conditions, which helps to achieve carbon reduction goals. In this review, methods for enhanced CO2 fixation in SA production and utilization of waste biomass for SA production are reviewed. Bioelectrochemical and bioreactor coupling systems constructed with off-gas reutilization to capture CO2 more efficiently were highlighted. In addition, the techno-economic analysis and carbon sequestration benefits for the synthesis of bio-based SA from CO2 and waste biomass are analyzed. Finally, a droplet microfluidics-based high-throughput screening technique applied to the future bioproduction of SA is proposed as a promising approach.
Impact of technology on upgrading slums and the moderating role of upstream influences: a contemporary approach to urban planning
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Bilal Komal , Alam Gohar
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to determine the effect of technology on the upgradation of slums in Islamabad, along with the moderating role of upstream influences between them. With this concern, the researcher used a quantitative research design, and to accumulate the data, a closed-ended survey questionnaire was chosen. The sample size considered in this research was 293 participants belonging to the urban planning sector of Islamabad. To evaluate the data and hypothesized model, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. It was also revealed that upward influences moderated the association between technology and slum upgradation significantly, particularly regarding governance, religion, and gender roles. However, this research is limited to Islamabad only; therefore, the implications of this study cannot be generalized. Consequently, it has been recommended that upward influences based on crime and mafia, along with governance, should be controlled to upgrade Islamabad-based slums.
Case Report: Can preoperative implantation of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation lead to embolic events in infective endocarditis?
Authors: Li Tianlong , Wu Xiaoxiao , Chen Tingrui , Pan Chun , Yue Ruiming , Xiang Chunlin , Yu Tao , Jiang Zhenjie , Huang Xiaobo , Tang Xuemei , Wang Yiping
Published: March 2024

Early-stage infective endocarditis (IE) can lead to severe complications, including infarctions and metastatic infections caused by inflammatory embolus shedding. Common embolism sites include the brain, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and intestines. Additionally, acute heart failure (AHF) can occur in up to 40% of cases, and its presence can impact the clinical outcomes of patients with IE. Cardiogenic shock (CGS) is often more likely to occur after AHF has taken place. If bacteria invade the blood, infectious shock can occur. Patients with IE can experience simple CGS, septic shock, or a combination of the two. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) typically serves as a Bridge for Heart failure and Cardiogenic shock. Previous research indicates that there are limited reports of ECMO support for patients with IE after CGS has occurred. Because CGS may occur at any time during IE treatment, it is important to understand the timing of ECMO auxiliary support and how to carry out comprehensive treatment after support. Timely treatment can help to reduce or avoid the occurrence of serious complications and improve the prognosis of patients with IE. Our work combines a case study to review the ECMO support of IE patients after CGS through a literature review. Overall, we suggest that when patients with IE have large bacterial thrombosis and a greater risk of shedding, it is recommended to carefully evaluate the indications and contraindications for ECMO after discussion by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Still, active surgical treatment at an early stage is recommended.
Relevance of obesity-related organ damage and metabolic syndrome classification in cardiovascular and renal risk stratification in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Petramala Luigi , Gigante Antonietta , Sarlo Francesca , Servello Adriana , Circosta Francesco , Marino Luca , Ciccarelli Antonello , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Letizia Claudio
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Hypertension is a relevant cardiovascular comorbidity. Adipose tissue represents a metabolically active tissue involved in the regulation of blood pressure and metabolic alterations. In recent decades, several classifications for the metabolic syndrome (MS) have been proposed. Recently, a new syndrome called the “Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic” (CKM) syndrome was identified, to determine patients at high cardiovascular and metabolic risk. The aim of the study was to compare different classifications in a large population of hypertensive patients.

Materials and methods

Between September 2022 and August 2023, we consecutively enrolled 772 hypertensive patients (407 men; 365 women; mean age 52.2 ± 15.1 years), evaluating anthropometric, biochemical, and instrumental parameters (transthoracic echocardiogram, carotid echo-Doppler, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, fundus oculi).

Results

Using different classifications we found MS prevalence: Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) 28.8%, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 31.5%, CKM 40.7%. CKM Classes 3 and 4 showed higher body mass index and waist circumference compared with other groups. Compared with ATP-III and IDF, CKM Class 4 showed higher 24-h systolic blood pressure, lower percentage of controlled hypertension, increased interventricular septum and posterior wall, reduced ejection fraction, and greater prevalence of hypertensive arterial retinal damage.

Discussion

Visceral obesity and MS are frequent conditions with healthy impact, becoming an important trigger for the development of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. The different MS classifications allow the early identification of patients at high risk of cardiometabolic complications. The new CKM syndrome proves useful to identify individuals at high risk for CKM morbidity and mortality.
Deep reinforcement learning for adaptive frequency control of island microgrid considering control performance and economy
Authors: Du Wanlin , Huang Xiangmin , Zhu Yuanzhe , Wang Ling , Deng Wenyang
Published: March 2024

To achieve frequency stability and economic efficiency in isolated microgrids, grid operators face a trade-off between multiple performance indicators. This paper introduces a data-driven adaptive load frequency control (DD-ALFC) approach, where the load frequency controller is modeled as an agent that can balance different objectives autonomously. The paper also proposes a priority replay soft actor critic (PR-SAC) algorithm to implement the DD-ALFC method. The PR-SAC algorithm enhances the policy randomness by using entropy regularization and maximization, and improves the learning adaptability and generalization by using priority experience replay. The proposed DD-ALFC method based on the PR-SAC algorithm can achieve higher adaptability and robustness in complex microgrid environments with multiple performance indicators, and improve both the frequency control and the economic efficiency. The paper validates the effectiveness of the proposed method in the Zhuzhou Island microgrid.
Endogenous retroviral solo-LTRs in human genome
Authors: Chen Mingyue , Huang Xiaolong , Wang Chunlei , Wang Shibo , Jia Lei , Li Lin
Published: March 2024

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are derived from the infection and integration of exogenetic retroviruses. HERVs account for 8% of human genome, and the majority of HERVs are solitary LTRs (solo-LTRs) due to homologous recombination. Multiple findings have showed that solo-LTRs could provide an enormous reservoir of transcriptional regulatory sequences involved in diverse biological processes, especially carcinogenesis and cancer development. The link between solo-LTRs and human diseases still remains poorly understood. This review focuses on the regulatory modules of solo-LTRs, which contribute greatly to the diversification and evolution of human genes. More importantly, although inactivating mutations, insertions and deletions have been identified in solo-LTRs, the inherited regulatory elements of solo-LTRs initiate the expression of chimeric lncRNA transcripts, which have been reported to play crucial roles in human health and disease. These findings provide valuable insights into the evolutionary and functional mechanisms underlying the presence of HERVs in human genome. Taken together, in this review, we will present evidences showing the regulatory and encoding capacity of solo-LTRs as well as the significant impact on various aspects of human biology.
High frequencies of alpha common cold coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive functional CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells are associated with protection from symptomatic and fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients
Authors: Coulon Pierre-Gregoire , Prakash Swayam , Dhanushkodi Nisha R. , Srivastava Ruchi , Zayou Latifa , Tifrea Delia F. , Edwards Robert A. , Figueroa Cesar J. , Schubl Sebastian D. , Hsieh Lanny , Nesburn Anthony B. , Kuppermann Baruch D. , Bahraoui Elmostafa , Vahed Hawa , Gil Daniel , Jones Trevor M. , Ulmer Jeffrey B. , BenMohamed Lbachir
Published: March 2024

Background

Cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are present in up to 50% of unexposed, pre-pandemic, healthy individuals (UPPHIs). However, the characteristics of cross-reactive memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells associated with subsequent protection of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (i.e., unvaccinated individuals who never develop any COVID-19 symptoms despite being infected with SARS-CoV-2) remains to be fully elucidated.

Methods

This study compares the antigen specificity, frequency, phenotype, and function of cross-reactive memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells between common cold coronaviruses (CCCs) and SARS-CoV-2. T-cell responses against genome-wide conserved epitopes were studied early in the disease course in a cohort of 147 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients who were divided into six groups based on the severity of their symptoms.

Results

Compared to severely ill COVID-19 patients and patients with fatal COVID-19 outcomes, the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients displayed significantly: (i) higher rates of co-infection with the 229E alpha species of CCCs (α-CCC-229E); (ii) higher frequencies of cross-reactive functional CD134+CD137+CD4+ and CD134+CD137+CD8+ T cells that cross-recognized conserved epitopes from α-CCCs and SARS-CoV-2 structural, non-structural, and accessory proteins; and (iii) lower frequencies of CCCs/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive exhausted PD-1+TIM3+TIGIT+CTLA4+CD4+ and PD-1+TIM3+TIGIT+CTLA4+CD8+ T cells, detected both ex vivo and in vitro.

Conclusions

These findings (i) support a crucial role of functional, poly-antigenic α-CCCs/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, induced following previous CCCs seasonal exposures, in protection against subsequent severe COVID-19 disease and (ii) provide critical insights into developing broadly protective, multi-antigen, CD4+, and CD8+ T-cell-based, universal pan-Coronavirus vaccines capable of conferring cross-species protection.
A review of obstructive sleep apnea and lung cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic options
Authors: Yuan Fang , Hu Yanxia , Xu Fei , Feng Xujun
Published: March 2024

Despite undeniable advances in modern medicine, lung cancer still has high morbidity and mortality rates. Lung cancer is preventable and treatable, and it is important to identify new risk factors for lung cancer, especially those that can be treated or reversed. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very common sleep-breathing disorder that is grossly underestimated in clinical practice. It can cause, exacerbate, and worsen adverse outcomes, including death and various diseases, but its relationship with lung cancer is unclear. A possible causal relationship between OSA and the onset and progression of lung cancer has been established biologically. The pathophysiological processes associated with OSA, such as sleep fragmentation, intermittent hypoxia, and increased sympathetic nervous excitation, may affect normal neuroendocrine regulation, impair immune function (especially innate and cellular immunity), and ultimately contribute to the occurrence of lung cancer, accelerate progression, and induce treatment resistance. OSA may be a contributor to but a preventable cause of the progression of lung cancer. However, whether this effect exists independently of other risk factors is unclear. Therefore, by reviewing the literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of lung cancer and OSA, we hope to understand the relationships between the two and promote the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas between basic medicine, clinical medicine, respiratory medicine, sleep medicine, and oncology.
Cardiovascular risk and inflammation in a population with autoimmune diseases: a narrative review
Authors: Bertoni Camilla , Mazzocchi Alessandra , Leone Ludovica , Agostoni Carlo , Filocamo Giovanni
Published: March 2024

Juvenile Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases (JSCTD) are a heterogeneous group of chronic autoimmune diseases, associated with dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk are related. Studies from the last 10 years, from 2013 to 2022, on lipid profiles in JSCTD were collected. Different studies on lipid profiles in children affected by JSCTD were selected, because the aim is to analyze the cardiovascular risk and the possibility of atherosclerosis in these patients in whom, sometimes, corticosteroid therapies and immunosuppressants increase the state of dyslipidemia. Several studies have shown that autoimmune diseases with an inflammatory substrate also share abnormalities in lipid profile and increased cardiovascular risk. Specifically, associations have been found between Juvenile Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases and elevated triglycerides, TC-C (Total Cholesterol), LDL-C (Low-Density Lipoprotein), low HDL-C (High-Density Lipoprotein), and increased risk of developing diseases such as myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary and arterial hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. Supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the other hand has also been analyzed with positive results in reducing inflammatory parameters, such as IL-6 (Interleukin-6), CRP (C-reactive protein), and fasting glucose, in subjects with dyslipidemia. These observations suggest that supplementation with ALA, an omega-3 precursor, may positively modulate both the inflammatory status and dyslipidemic conditions in patients with autoimmune disorders.
Variations of surface marine heatwaves in the Northwest Pacific during 1993–2019
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Lu Youyu , Zhai Li , Chen Xingrong , Liu Shan
Published: March 2024

Parameters of surface marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Northwest Pacific during 1993–2019 are derived from two sea surface temperature (SST) products: the Optimum Interpolation SST based on satellite remote sensing (OISST V2.1) and the Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis based on data-assimilative global ocean model (GLORYS12V1). Similarities and differences between the MHW parameters derived from the two datasets are identified. The spatial distributions of the mean annual MHW total days, frequency, duration, mean intensity and cumulative intensity, and interannual variations of these parameters are generally similar, while the MHW total days and duration from GLORYS12V1 are usually higher than that from OISST V2.1. Based on seasonal-mean values from GLORYS12V1, longer MHW total days (>7) have the largest spatial coverage in both the shelf and deep waters in summer, while the smallest coverage in spring. In selected representative regions, interannual variations of the MHW total days are positively correlated with the SST anomalies. In summer, the MHW total days have positive correlations with the Western Pacific Subtropical High intensity, and negative correlations with the East Asia Monsoon intensity, over nearly the whole South China Sea (SCS) and the low-latitude Pacific. In winter, positive correlations with both the Subtropical High and Monsoon intensities present over the western part of SCS. Strong El Niño is followed by longer MHW total days over the western half of SCS in winter, and over the whole SCS and low-latitude Pacific in summer of the next year. These correlation relationships are valuable for developing forecasts of MHWs in the region.
Screening for potential warning biomarkers in cows with ketosis based on host–microbiota co-metabolism analysis
Authors: Du Zhenlong , Luo Zhengzhong , Huang Yixin , Zhou Tao , Ma Li , Wu Dan , Yao Xueping , Shen Liuhong , Yu Shumin , Yong Kang , Yan Zuoting , Cao Suizhong
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The risk of ketosis is assessed by monitoring changes in plasma metabolites and cow behavior during the peripartum period. However, little is known about changes in the fecal bile acid and microbiota of cows before parturition. Therefore, this study clarified the bile acid profile and screened potential warning biomarkers in heifers 7 days before calving.

Methods

Ninety healthy cows were tracked in the transition period, and plasma and feces were collected 7 days before calving, on calving day, and 7 days after calving. The cows were divided into ketosis and healthy groups based on the blood β-hydroxybutyric acid levels from day 7 after calving. The levels of serum biochemical indices were measured at three time points using commercial kits. Ten cows in the ketosis group (KET-7) and 10 healthy cows (HEA-7) were randomly selected 7 days before calving for metabolome and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Results

No significant differences in serum energy-related indices were observed 7 days before calving. The major bile acids in the feces of the KET-7 group were non-conjugated secondary bile acids (UnconSBA). Differential bile acids were primarily derived from UnconSBA. The potential ketosis warning metabolite in feces for 7 days before delivery was isodeoxycholic acid. The abundance of Rikenellaaceae-RC9-gut-group in the KET-7 group increased, whereas the abundance of Oscillospiraceae UCG-010 bacteria significantly decreased. Lactobacillus and Prevotella-9 in feces were potential warning biomarkers for ketosis in dairy cows 7 days before calving. The variation in differential bile acids in the plasma, consistent with the feces, was mainly derived from UnconSBA. Lithocholic acid in the plasma was a potential ketosis warning metabolite 7 days before delivery.

Conclusion

Ketotic cows experienced bile acid metabolism disorders 7 days before calving, and the gut microbiota was closely related to bile acid metabolism disorders. Future studies should investigate the relationship between secondary bile acids and the development of ketosis.
Locoregional recurrence and survival of breast−conserving surgery compared to mastectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer
Authors: Lv Fa-you , Mo Zongming , Chen Binjie , Huang Zhen , Mo Qinguo , Tan Qixing
Published: March 2024

Background

The risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) and the long-term prognosis of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate oncological outcomes for patients undergoing BCS after NAC and determine LRR and survival predictors.

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort study of patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who received NAC and underwent BCS or mastectomy from June 2011 to November 2020. LRR, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared in patients undergoing BCS or mastectomy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine LRR, DFS, and OS predictors.

Results

A total of 585 patients were included, of whom 106 (18.1%) underwent BCS and 479 (81.9%) underwent a mastectomy. The LRR rate was 11.3% in the BCS group and 16.3% in the mastectomy group, revealing no significant difference(p = 0.200). In patients who underwent BCS, clinical lymph node status, histological grade and pathological complete response (pCR) were independent factors to predict LRR. There was no significant difference in DFS and OS between the BCS and the mastectomy groups. Multivariable analysis showed that lymph node status, histological grade, molecular subtypes, pCR and Miller&Payne (M&P) classification were independent predictors of DFS. Lymph node status, molecular subtypes and pCR were independent predictors of OS. BCS or mastectomy was not an independent predictor of DFS or OS.

Conclusion

Compared with mastectomy, BCS after NAC may not increase the risk of local recurrence or mortality, BCS can be performed in selected patients with small tumor size and good response to NAC.
Effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer: Mexican consensus and recommendations
Authors: Gutiérrez Salmeán Gabriela , Delgadillo González Merari , Rueda Escalona Ariadna Alejandra , Leyva Islas José Antonio , Castro-Eguiluz Denisse
Published: March 2024

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses, including effector response to infection and surveillance of tumors. This article summarizes the current scientific evidence on the effects of supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, precancerous lesions, and various stages of cervical cancer development and treatment while also examining the underlying molecular pathways involved. Our findings indicate that a higher dietary fiber intake is associated with a reduced risk of HPV infection, while certain probiotics have shown promising results in clearing HPV-related lesions. Additionally, certain strains of probiotics, prebiotics such as inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides, and synbiotics decrease the frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects in cervical cancer patients. These agents attain their results by modulating crucial metabolic pathways, including the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, promoting apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and suppressing the activity of oncogenes, thus attenuating tumorigenesis. We conclude that although further human studies are necessary, robust evidence in preclinical models demonstrates that prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics play an essential role in cervical cancer, from infection to carcinogenesis and its medical treatment. Consequently, we strongly recommend conducting high-quality clinical trials using these agents as adjuvants since they have proven safe.
Recruitment and retention of clinical trial participants: understanding motivations of patients with chronic pain and other populations
Authors: Anastasi Joyce K. , Capili Bernadette , Norton Margaret , McMahon Donald J. , Marder Karen
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to present and discuss the issues, challenges, and strategies related to recruitment and retention in clinical trials involving participants with chronic pain. The randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) is widely regarded as the gold standard for evaluating clinical interventions. However, it is crucial to acknowledge and address the challenges associated with recruiting and retaining participants. To prioritize the experience of the study population, targeted outreach strategies and a patient-centric approach are necessary. Researchers should consider incorporating recruitment and retention strategies during the study design phase. Implementing multi-pronged recruitment methods, leveraging relationships with community providers, and involving representatives of the patient population are helpful approaches. Effective communication and maintaining a professional environment are vital for optimizing engagement and supporting the successful execution of clinical trials involving participants with chronic pain.
Acid base and metabolic parameters of the umbilical cord blood and cerebral oxygenation immediately after birth
Authors: Dusleag Martin , Urlesberger Berndt , Schwaberger Bernhard , Baik-Schneditz Nariae , Schlatzer Christoph , Wolfsberger Christina H. , Pichler Gerhard
Published: March 2024

Objective

Aim was to investigate whether acid-base and metabolic parameters obtained from arterial umbilical cord blood affect cerebral oxygenation after birth in preterm neonates with respiratory support and in term neonates without respiratory support.

Study design

This was a post-hoc analysis of secondary outcome parameters of a prospective observational study including preterm neonates with and term neonates without respiratory support. Non-asphyxiated neonates with cerebral oxygenation measured with near-infrared spectroscopy during the first 15 min and with blood gas analyses from arterial umbilical cord blood were included. Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored with pulse oximetry. Potential correlations were investigated between acid-base and metabolic parameters (pH-value, bicarbonate, base-excess, and lactate) and crSO2/cFTOE 5 min after birth.

Results

Seventy-seven neonates were included: 14 preterm neonates with respiratory support (mean gestational age [GA] 31.4 ± 4.1 weeks; mean birth weight [BW] 1,690 ± 640 g) and 63 term neonates without respiratory support (GA 38.7 ± 0.8 weeks; BW 3,258 ± 443 g). Mean crSO2 5 min after birth was 44.0% ± 24.2% in preterm and 62.2% ± 20.01% in term neonates. Mean cFTOE 5 min after birth was 0.46 ± 0.06 in preterm and 0.27 ± 0.19 in term neonates. In preterm neonates with respiratory support higher lactate was significantly associated with lower crSO2 and SpO2 and tended to be associated with higher cFTOE. In term neonates without respiratory support no significant correlations were found.

Conclusion

In non-asphyxiated preterm neonates with respiratory support, lactate levels were negatively associated with crSO2 and SpO2, whereas in term neonates without respiratory support no associations were observed.