bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Nilai Religi Dalam Novel Menebar Damai di Bumi Barat Karya Imam Shamsi Ali
Authors: Hsb Elysa Rohayani
Published: January 2022

Novel Imam Syamsi Ali Menebar Damai di Bumi Barat di terbitkat Naura Book Publishing pada November 2013. Novel Imam Syamsi Ali Menebar Damai di Bumi Barat terdiri sebanyak 103 halaman. Masalah novel ini adalah apa saja nilai religi yang terkandung dalam novel Imam Shamsi Ali Menebar Damai di Bumi Barat. Tujuan novel ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai religius yang terkandung dalam novel Imam Shamsi Ali Menebar Damai di Bumi Barat.
Jenis penelitian novel ini adalah deskriptif  kualitatif, yaitu menganalisis fakta-fakta yang terdapat di dalam novel. Strategi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus terpancang.Objek penelitian ini adalah nilai-nilai religius yang terkandung di dalam novel. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu berupa teknik pustaka, simak dan catat.
Hasil penelitian nilai-nilai religius dalam novel ini yaitu nilai akidah,nilai moral, cinta tanah air, kerukunan.
Imam Shamsi Ali menempuh pendidikan di luar negeri dan dia berhasil mengembangkan nilai-nilai islam di bumi barat yang dimana mayoritas nya non-muslim. Sikap nya yang santun,cerdas dan berwawasan luas serta karunia Allah yang senatiasa mengiringi langkahnya menjadikan ia sosok pemimpin komunitas muslim di Amerika Serikat yang di segani serta menjadikan islam di Amerika Serikat memiliki banyak pemeluk-pemeluk baru.
NINTH GRADE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF ADMISSION, CAREER PATH AND SUCCESS IN LIFE. CASE STUDY REGARDING THE FIRST DUAL VOCATIONAL SCHOOL IN ALBA COUNTY
Authors: MUCEA BOGDAN-NICOLAE
Published: January 2022

Choosing a career and career path is very important and difficult for many young secondary school graduates, especially since very few students in Romanian schools benefit from personal and professional counseling and guidance during their high school years or in the period immediately preceding the enrollment in the high school or professional cycle. In this sense, even if in many county events are organized in which each school promotes its educational offer, after the end of the admission process and enrollment of students, too little emphasis is placed on the reasons that led high school graduates to choose a certain educational institution. This study accomplished in a technological high school in Alba County captures exactly this aspect, while highlighting students' perceptions about success in life, counseling and career guidance, as well as the factors they consider to be determinants of academic and professional success. This educational unit was not chosen by chance, here operating the first dual vocational school in Alba County and among the first of its kind in the country.
Book Review. Carmen Palaghia, Dimensiuni ale devianței școlare. De la identificare la prevenție [Dimensions Of School Deviance. From Identification To Prevention], Editura Pro Universitaria, București, 2016
Authors: PÂRJU DENNIS – THEODOR
Published: January 2022

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A Survey on Model-Based Fault Detection Techniques for Linear Time-Invariant Systems with Numerical Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Masood , Mohd-Mokhta Rosmiwati
Published: January 2022

With the ongoing increase in complexity, less tolerance to performance degradation and safety requirements of practical systems has increased the necessity of fault detection (FD) as early as possible. During the last few decades, many research findings have been developed in fault diagnosis that addresses the issue of fault detection and isolation in linear and nonlinear systems. The paper’s objective is to present a survey on various state-of-art model-based FD techniques developed for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems for the interested readers to learn about recent development in this field. Model-based FD techniques for LTI systems are classified as parameter-estimation methods, parity-space-based methods, and observer-based methods. The background and recent progress, in context to fault detection, of each of these methods and their practical applications are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, two different FD techniques are compared via analytical equations and simulation results obtained from the DC motor model. In the end, possible future research directions in model-based FD, particularly for the LTI system, are highlighted for prosperous researchers. A comparison and emerging research topic make this contribution different from the existing survey papers on FD.
Work Performance of Extension Agents: Skills of Transfer of Technology and Human Resource Development in Cocoa Industry
Authors: Mohd Pakri Murni Azureen , Hassan Salim , Olagunju Oluwatoyin , Abd Samad Mohd Yusoff , Kasin Ramle
Published: January 2022

Transfer of technology (ToT) and human resource development (HRD) are essential components to acknowledge extension agents’ performance. Understanding the foundations and implications of ToT and HRD is vital for improving agriculture extension agents in research and extension programmes. This study was designed to determine extension agents’ ToT and HRD skills to explain the work performance of Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB) extension agents in East Malaysia. A total of 315 productive cocoa farmers exposed to the extension activities for a minimum of five years and had attended two basic training from the agency were selected to answer the questionnaire within a month. The researcher applied Krejie and Morgan formula to determine the sample size based on the population using stratified random sampling. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and Pearson correlation analysis. Results showed a positive and moderate relationship between ToT and HRD towards work performance. However, from the six variables tested, only three variables were significant towards work performance, namely technical skill (p=0.000), leadership skill (p=0.015) and decision-making skill (p=0.000). Therefore, the extension agents’ skills must be strengthened, their working knowledge updated, and new concepts for developing agriculture that can fulfil complicated demand patterns, reduce poverty and pressure and increase productivity must be developed. This study also strengthens the iceberg model by adding six characteristics of skills in extension agents. The outcomes would contribute to the policymakers and MCB’s management in elevating the extension agents’ performance through training and developing ToT and HRD.
Performance of a HAWT Rotor with a Modified Blade Configuration
Authors: Khan Tabrej , Singh Balbir , Hameed Sultan Mohamed Thariq , Ahmad Kamarul Arifin
Published: January 2022

As the world focuses more on clean and green Earth, wind energy plays a significant role. Wind energy is a renewable source of energy that can cope with the ongoing global fossil fuel crisis. The wind energy converters like wind turbines have been studied a lot in terms of design and performance. The current work includes analyzing the output effects of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with a modified blade configuration at specific wind speeds. A numerical investigation is carried out using two different numerical software on the chosen airfoil used in blade design validated with the analysis carried out in open-loop wind tunnels. The study is divided into two phases: first, the selected airfoil is tested experimentally and using CFD, and then the findings are compared to those of the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign wind tunnel tests at low Reynolds numbers. The second phase includes the numerical analysis based on the blade element momentum method and non-linear lifting line simulations of modified blade design at high Reynolds number. The numerical results of rotor performance analysis have been compared to existing experimental results. The findings of all numerical investigations agree with those of the experiments. An optimal value of the power coefficient is obtained at a particular tip speed ratio close to the desired value for large wind turbines. For maximum power, this study investigates the optimum pitch angle. The work demonstrated the improved HAWT rotor blade design to produce better aerodynamic lift and thus improve performance.
Challenging Chinese Hemlock (Tsuga chinensis) with Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ( Adelges tsugae ) Ovisacs
Authors: Hoover Benjamin , Bates Ricky , Sellmer James , Hoover Gregory
Published: January 2022

Chinese hemlock (Tsuga chinensis) is a promising candidate for use as an ornamental tree in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States where native hemlocks have been devastated by hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae). Published research has indicated that Chinese hemlock is adaptable to USDA Zone 6 and has some degree of resistance to hemlock woolly adelgid. Chinese hemlock has been observed to be resistant to hemlock woolly adelgid while growing in close proximity to infested eastern hemlocks, although a direct challenge of the species has not previously been documented. This study reports on the development of a procedure for challenging hemlocks with hemlock woolly adelgid ovisacs to determine host plant resistance and the use of the procedure to challenge Chinese hemlock. Chinese hemlock demonstrated complete resistance to hemlock woolly adelgid.
Root Growth Near Vertical Root Barriers after Seven Years
Authors: Smiley E. Thomas , Wilkinson Liza , Fraedrich Bruce
Published: January 2022

Vertical root barriers are used to redirect root growth to greater depths in the soil, thus reducing damage to the sidewalks. This study was conducted to examine root growth patterns near a variety of vertical root barriers. Thirty willow oaks (Quercus phellos) were planted in November 2000 and one of the following treatments was installed on two sides of each tree: Biobarrier, DeepRoot Universal Barrier, DeepRoot Universal Barrier with Spin Out, Tex-R, Typar Geotextile 3801, or a no-barrier control. In March 2007, the second 15-tree block was excavated to reveal the root system outside the barrier. All five root barriers significantly reduced the amount of root growth compared with the control trees. There were no differences among the products tested.
Managing Diplodia Tip Blight of Landscape Austrian Pines
Authors: Hartman John , Vaillancourt Lisa , Flowers Jennifer , Bateman Amy
Published: January 2022

A long-term survey of 449 Austrian pines growing on the University of Kentucky campus revealed that Diplodia tip blight disease killed 84% of the trees during a 15-year period and that the pines developed increasing levels of disease as they aged. Treatments consisting of the fungicides oxycarboxin, debacarb, or tebuconazole or water were injected into the lower trunk and root flare of individual trees in a block of mature, diseased pines for 4 years. The fungicide treatments did not significantly affect disease levels. The causal fungus could be isolated readily from diseased and symptomless shoots regardless of the treatment. Diplodia pinea was very sensitive to tebuconazole and debacarb in in vitro fungicide tests. Basal drenches with paclobutrazol affected shoot growth but did not significantly reduce tip blight disease levels or tree mortality. Under midsouth United States climate conditions, Diplodia tip blight of Austrian pines is destructive and very difficult to manage.
Six-Year Evaluation of Circular Root Barriers on Two Tree Species
Authors: Pittenger Dennis , Hodel Donald
Published: January 2022

The influence of four circular root barriers on surface root development and tree growth was evaluated on Liquidambar styraciflua (American sweetgum) and Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel fig) in southern California, U.S. Six years after installation, root barriers had reduced the total number of roots growing in the surface 15 cm (6 in) of soil and nearly eliminated large (diameter 5 cm [2 in] or greater) surface tree roots within a 120 cm (48 in) radius of the trunk. Various sizes and types of low-cost noncommercial barriers, including a container-grown tree’s nursery container with the bottom removed, were equally effective in reducing the number of large-diameter surface roots. However, roots grew below barriers and returned to the surface soil when soil texture, bulk density, and water content were near optimum for root growth at the bottom of the barrier. Many small roots 1.25 cm (0.5 in) £ diameter less than 2.5 cm (0.5 in £ diameter to less than 1 in) were found growing in the upper 15 cm (6 in) of soil just beyond barriers within 18 to 60 cm (7 to 24 in) of the trunk. No barrier treatment reduced the number of small roots of either species beyond 60 cm (24 in) radius from the trunk. Keeping pavement at least 120 cm (48 in) away from trees would be as effective as a root barrier in reducing the possibility of damage from large surface roots. A #15 nursery container serving as a root barrier reduced caliper increase of both species, whereas this treatment and the DeepRoot® barrier treatment reduced height increase of Liquidambar.
Eastern Redcedar Seed Source Test in Western Kansas
Authors: Geyer Wayne A. , Lynch Keith D. , Barden Charles J.
Published: January 2022

Sources of eastern redcedar(Juniperus virginianaL.) were established as a provenance test near Colby, Kansas, U.S. in 1980. Height, diameter, number of stems, crown density, branch angle, and general vigor were evaluated with ANOVA, cluster analysis, simple correlation, and regression analysis techniques. Clear source and cluster differences were found. Total height at 23 years ranged from 3.6 to 5.4 m (11.8 to 17.7 ft), dbh (diameter at breast height) ranged from 2.5 to 14.4 cm (1 to 5.7 in), and mean survival rate was 78%. Sources from the central plains grew best. Selection of fast-growing sources may begin at five years after field planting.
Tree Ordinances as Public Policy and Participation Tools: Development in Alabama
Authors: Zhang Yaoqi , Zheng Bin , Allen Brenda , Letson Neil , Sibley Jeff
Published: January 2022

Following a brief overview of the historical evolution of tree ordinances in the United States, this paper focuses on the development of tree ordinances in the state of Alabama to demonstrate how the tree ordinances evolve into law and the role such ordinances have on urban trees. Even though tree ordinances have a long history in the United States, they have been rapidly developing since the 1970s. Among the 100 municipalities that have some type of tree ordinance in Alabama, based on this investigation, the major responsibilities of tree ordinances include: having a tree commission (board), defining tree planting, removal and replacement of trees on public land, public tree protection and care, tree species selection, and dead tree removal on public and private property. Considering the broadness and complexity of urban trees, this paper indicates tree ordinances provide not only a legal framework, but also an effective tool to engage public participation and awareness of urban trees in the process of formulating, implementing, and amending of the tree ordinances. Development of tree ordinances requires government support, citizen participation, and consideration of local resources.
Causes and Consequences of Deep Structural Roots in Urban Trees: From Nursery Production to Landscape Establishment
Authors: Day Susan , Watson Gary , Wiseman P. Eric , Harris J. Roger
Published: January 2022

Recent research has improved our understanding of how structural roots of landscape trees respond to being located abnormally deep in the soil profile. This condition is widespread among landscape trees and may originate during nursery production, at transplanting into the landscape, or when construction fill or sediment deposits bury root systems of established trees. Deep structural roots sometimes hinder successful establishment of trees, occasionally enhance establishment, and often have little or no effect on growth or survival. When trees respond to deep structural roots, effects are sometimes observed when root collars are as little as 7.5 cm (3 in) deep. In some cases, deep structural roots are implicated in girdling root formation, but research in this area is quite limited. This review describes scientific progress in our understanding of deep structural roots and encompasses their history, causes, and significance, as well as interdisciplinary efforts to address deep planting and tree response during establishment to deep structural roots. A theoretical model of short-term tree response to deep structural roots is presented that helps explain these conflicting outcomes and provides a decision framework for practitioners evaluating trees with deep structural roots.
Ecological Implications of Organic Mulches in Arboriculture: A Mechanistic Pathway Connecting the Use of Organic Mulches with Tree Chemical Defenses
Authors: Lugo-Perez Javier , Lloyd John
Published: January 2022

In addition to the aesthetic and practical benefits of mulching, studies have shown indirect benefits of organic mulches to tree establishment and growth. These indirect benefits are associated with direct improvements on soil water and nutrient availability by mulches. The generalization of the organic mulches benefit to soil and trees has been questioned by several studies showing contradictory results under different experimental conditions and mulching materials. In addition, overall benefits for trees may be overlooked by focusing studies on some aspects of plant performance (e.g., plant growing rate) while ignoring others (e.g., plant chemical defense). This paper reviews studies showing how organic mulches can directly affect plant resource availability in the soil, presenting evidence from the literature that illustrates the influence of organic mulches on plant resource availability can also affect tree photosynthate allocation dynamics with direct consequences on plant chemical defenses. Based on the reviewed literature, presented here is a mechanistic pathway to illustrate how organic mulches can influence plant resources in the soil, and in turn how that can affect tree physiology and tree-insect interactions in urban areas.
The Influence of Calcium Sprays to Reduce Fungicide Inputs Against Apple Scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint.]
Authors: Percival Glynn , Haynes Ian
Published: January 2022

A goal of pathogen management in the arboriculture industry should be to eliminate or reduce the amount of active ingredients of synthetic fungicides used within a growing season. The aim of this research paper was to evaluate a nonfungicidal pathogen management system by investigating the hypothesis that replacing an apple scab fungicide spray program with calcium reduces fruit and leaf scab severity. In addition, a separate study investigated if a relationship existed between calcium concentrations within foliar tissue of resistant, intermediate, and sensitive apple species and varieties toward scab infection. A number of commercially available calcium products were applied to apple cv. Crown Gold trees at four distinct growth stages (bud break, 90% petal fall, early fruitlet, two weeks after early fruitlet). A comparative evaluation of the synthetic fungicide penconazole commercially used for scab control was also conducted. The experiment was performed in 2006 and repeated in 2007 at the University of Reading Experimental Field Site (UK). Application of calcium sprays significantly reduced the leaf and fruit scab severity of apple cv. Crown Gold however; in a separate study no relationship existed between foliar calcium content and susceptibility to apple scab attack between resistant, intermediate, and sensitive Malus species. Greatest protection in both field trials was provided by the synthetic fungicide penconazole. Within the calcium products evaluated, greatest protection in both field trials was provided by calcium chloride and calcium hydroxide. The integration of calcium foliar sprays into existing scab management practices offers a useful addition to reduce scab severity on ornamental apples that has applicability against other foliar diseases frequently encountered within urban landscapes.
Plant Available Moisture in Stone-soil Media for Use Under Pavement While Allowing Urban Tree Root Growth
Authors: Grabosky Jason , Haffner Edward , Bassuk Nina
Published: January 2022

Three avenues of experimental observation detail aspects of plant available water holding capacity in compacted stone-soil media designed for urban tree establishment in paved situations. The various compacted media provided an estimated plant available moisture content of 7%–11% by volume, comparable to a loamy sand. Changes in aggregate and of soil influenced initial field capacity moisture content, but high matric potential moisture content was consistent, presumably as a reflection of the aggregate content of the designed system. A large portion of plant available moisture was weakly held in large voids, consistent with related infiltration and permeability data, and could be an influence in water storage and irrigation planning to use layers of designed soils in a layered pavement section for urban vegetation.
Damage Inflicted on Climbing Ropes by Handsaws
Authors: Kane Brian , Cloyes Mac , Freilicher Mollie , Ryan H. Dennis
Published: January 2022

Arborists frequently use handsaws while climbing, and a recent accident highlighted the danger of cutting one’s rope with a handsaw. There do not appear to be any robust tests describing the ability of handsaws to cut ropes. The following study attached handsaw blades to a pendulum, which swung into a rope, bringing the blade and rope, which was under tension, into contact. The percent of the rope’s diameter cut by the blade was measured, as well as the percent loss in the rope’s strength after it was cut. Type of blade was a more important factor than type of rope with respect to the percent cut and percent strength loss, and there was a nearly one-to-one relationship between those response variables. The results of this study are discussed in the context of a climber’s safety.
User Perception towards Ride hail Service: A case of Nagpur city, India
Authors: Raghuram Kadali B.
Published: January 2022

In recent times, there is an increase in the utilization of the ride-hail service (viz., mobile application-based shared service) by the younger generation due to tremendous changes in technology, extensive usage of smartphones, and perceived convenience during travelling. For evaluating ride-hail service further, it is necessary to understand the user perception towards the ride-hail service and public transportation system (viz., bus in this case) to efficiently plan the public transportation services. Hence, the present study analyzes user perception while making trips, using ride-hail service and public transport buses. A long stretch of 3.8 km has been selected in the Nagpur city for the study and the stretch attracts a good number of trips by ride-hailing and public transportation. To perform the analysis, a survey has been conducted in the stretch which includes an online survey (viz., based on the Google form) and an offline survey (viz., at selected bus stops on the route between university campus and shopping complex). A binary logit model has been developed to understand the user perception towards ride-hail service and to identify the significant contributing factors towards the preference of the ride-hail service over the public transport bus. From the model results, it has been noted that age, accessibility, waiting time, travel time, income, and travel cost of the trip are the most significant contributing factors that affect user decision for availing the ride-hail service. It has been concluded from the study that the inferences obtained would be useful in the direction of developing warrants for transport planners and policymakers to improve the service quality of public transport buses (viz., frequency and routes) in cities especially in the Indian context.
„Die verlangten Preise ziehen weiter an“
Authors: Konrad Jörg
Published: January 2022

Nach einem Jahr mit abgeschwächtem Wachstum in der FMCG-Branche sehen sich vor allem Discounter herausgefordert, den Abstand zum prosperierenden Vollsortiments-LEH wieder zu verkürzen. Wie und wann dies gelingen könnte, erläutert Robert Kecskes, Global Insights Director bei der GfK.
Altitudinal Variation in Soil physico-chemical properties of a Western Himalayan
Forest , Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Rawat Vinay , Bagri Ajendra Singh , Singh Hardeep , Tiwari Prabhawati , Tiwari Jay Krishan
Published: January 2022

The physico-chemical properties of soil vary with the variation in the topographic features, climatic conditions and forest types. In any forest ecosystem, both vegetation and soil influence each other through nutrient cycles. The altitudinal variation in soil physico-chemical properties was analyzed in a temperate forest (Radi forest) of Upper Yamuna Forest Division in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand (Western Himalaya, India).
A total of three forest sites were selected at different altitudes (the lower, middle, and upper) to collect composite soil samples from each site covering 0–10 cm, 11–20 cm and 21–30 cm depths. The textural class of the soils was sandy loam. The colour of the soil samples varied from brown to very dark brown. The water holding capacity (r = 0.994), soil organic carbon (r = 0.967), organic matter (r = 0.966), nitrogen (r = 0.993),
phosphorus (r = 0.982) and potassium content (r = 0.994) had positive correlation with altitude whereas negative correlation was observed between altitude and soil pH (r = -0.983) in the study. The present study concludes that soil physico-chemical properties in temperate forests of Uttarakhand Himalaya vary significantly with variation
in altitude.
Participación estudiantil: una mirada crítica, una oportunidad de incidencia política
Authors: Chicas Jazmín
Published: January 2022

A partir de un estudio de casos de dos centros escolares público-rurales en el municipio de Jicalapa, La Libertad, El Salvador, se explora el fenómeno de la participación estudiantil, encontrando dinámicas que generan instrumentalización y despolitización expresadas en el ciclo de vida de uno de los mecanismos de participación en la escuela, el Gobierno Estudiantil (GE). El enfoque de la investigación busca analizar los factores sociales desde una perspectiva de género que visibilice las desigualdades y afectaciones diferenciadas e identifique las necesidades e intereses particulares de las niñas en el ejercicio de sus derechos en el centro escolar.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 76, No. 766, 2021: 327-341.
Current Trends in Digital Marketing Communication
Authors: MADAN Angela , Rosca Mihai Ioan
Published: January 2022

In the 21st century, businesses and communicators have faced new challenges. In the era of modern technology, internationalization and globalization, marketing communication implements new tools, trends and opportunities. Internet and technological development have opened up the potential for two-way marketing communication and online as well as offline communications are required for companies.
Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Job Order Costing Berbasis Web
Authors: Teguh Setiadi  , Nopiah Widaningsih
Published: January 2022

The rapid development of science and information technology has become one of the driving factors and has a very important role in economic development. The existence of increasingly sophisticated technology allows users to make use of appropriate technology. One of them is by building an accounting information system. The use of an Order Costing System or an order-based costing system is used by companies that make relatively small quantities of different products or services according to specifications designed by the buyer. Job order Costing Method With this system, it will be easier to calculate the cost of goods manufactured at J-Zipper Convection. Using this system will also make it easier to group production data. This system will also make it easier to manage because it uses an online system. With the job order costing method in this system, the calculation of the cost of goods manufactured is more in line with the costs incurred and produces accurate reports.
Observations of gas-phase products from the nitrate radical-initiated oxidation of four monoterpenes
Authors: Dam Michelia , Draper Danielle C. , Marsavin Andrey , Fry Juliane L. , Smith James N.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry with nitrate reagent ion (NO3− CIMS) was used to investigate the products of nitrate radical (NO3) initiated oxidation of four monoterpenes in laboratory chamber experiments. α-Pinene, β-pinene, Δ-3-carene, and α-thujene were studied. The major gas-phase species produced in each system were distinctly different, showing the effect of monoterpene structure on the oxidation mechanism and further elucidated the contributions of these species to particle formation and growth. By comparing groupings of products based on ratios of elements in the general formula CwHxNyOz, the relative importance of specific mechanistic pathways (fragmentation, termination, radical rearrangement) can be assessed for each system. Additionally, the measured time series of the highly oxidized reaction products provide insights into the ratio of relative production and loss rates of the high molecular weight products of the Δ-3-carene system. Measured effective O : C ratio of reaction products were anti-correlated to new particle formation intensity and number concentration for each system; however, monomer : dimer ratio of products was positively correlated. Gas phase yields of oxidation products measured by NO3− CIMS correlated with particle number concentrations for each monoterpene system, with the exception of α-thujene, which produced a considerable amount of low volatility products but no particles. Species-resolved wall loss was measured with NO3− CIMS and found to be highly variable among oxidized reaction products in our stainless steel chamber.
Irrigation quality and management determine salinization in Israeli olive orchards
Authors: Mirlas Vladimir , Anker Yaakov , Aizenkod Asher , Goldshleger Naftali
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Olive (Olea europaea L.) orchard brackish water irrigation with incorrect
irrigation management reduces soil fertility and degrades soil health
through soil salinization. This study was conducted in the Beit She'an
Valley, one of the main agricultural regions in Israel, in an olive orchard
in which a combination of soil salinization and poor drainage conditions
impedes plant development and causes severe economic damage. By combining
various research methods, including soil salinity monitoring, field
experiments, remote sensing (frequency domain electromagnetic – FDEM), and unsaturated soil profile saline
water movement modeling, the salinization processes were quantified.
Irrigation water conductance of 3.13 dS m−1 points to salinization within the
tree upper root zone, whereas the modeling results suggest that salinization
danger is greater with brackish treated wastewater rather than with
lower-salinity brackish irrigation groundwater and that irrigation with
potable water can help reduce salt accumulation and recover damaged plots.
Inter- and intra-event rainfall partitioning dynamics of two typical xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: An Jinxia , Gao Guangyao , Yuan Chuan , Fu Bojie
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Rainfall is known as the main water replenishment in dryland ecosystem, and rainfall partitioning by vegetation reshapes the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of rainwater entry into the soil. The dynamics of rainfall partitioning have been extensively studied at the inter-event scale, yet very few studies have explored its finer intra-event dynamics and the relating driving factors for shrubs. Here, we conducted a concurrent in-depth investigation of rainfall partitioning at inter- and intra-event scales for two typical xerophytic shrubs (Caragana korshinskii and Salix psammophila) in the Liudaogou catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. The event throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and interception loss (IC) and their temporal variations within the rainfall event as well as the meteorological factors and vegetation characteristics were systematically measured during the 2014–2015 rainy seasons. The C. korshinskii had significantly higher SF percentage (9.2 %) and lower IC percentage (21.4 %) compared to S. psammophila (3.8 % and 29.5 %, respectively) (p < 0.05), but their TF percentages were not significantly different (69.4 % vs. 66.7 %). At the intra-event scale, TF and SF of S. psammophila was initiated (0.1 vs. 0.3 h and 0.7 vs. 0.8 h) and peaked (1.8 vs. 2.0 h and 2.1 vs. 2.2 h) more quickly, and TF of S. psammophila lasted longer (5.2 vs. 4.8 h), delivered more intensely (4.3 vs. 3.8 mm∙h−1), whereas SF of C. korshinskii lasted longer (4.6 vs. 4.1 h), delivered more intensely (753.8 vs. 471.2 mm∙h−1). For both shrubs, rainfall amount was the most significant factor influencing inter-event rainfall partitioning, and rainfall intensity and duration controlled the intra-event TF and SF variables. The C. korshinskii with larger branch angle, more small branches and smaller canopy area, has an advantage to produce stemflow more efficiently over S. psammophila. The S. psammophila has lower canopy water storage capacity to generate and peak throughfall and stemflow earlier, and it has larger aboveground biomass and total canopy water storage of individual plant to produce higher interception loss compared to C. korshinskii. These findings contribute to the fine characterization of shrub-dominated eco-hydrological processes, and improve the accuracy of water balance estimation in dryland ecosystem.
PREFACE
Authors: Abdul Rahman A. , Rhinane H.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This year the event of the Joint Geospatial Asia-Europe 2021 and GeoAdvances 2021 was held virtually from Casablanca, Morocco from 5 to 6th October. Sixty-two papers were received and 46 papers were accepted for the ISPRS International Archives. These papers could be categorized into three sub-disciplines – GIS, Geomatics, and Geo-computation (machine learning and applications). All accepted papers as revealed in this proceedings and presented at the conference. Several renowned researchers presented their works as keynotes, they are Prof Dr Peter van Oosterom (from TU Delft, the Netherlands), Prof Dr Volker Coors (from HfT Stuttgart, Germany), Dr Filip Biljecli (from National University of Singapore), Prof Dr Hassan Rhinane (from Hassan II University Casablanca, Morocco), Prof Dr Umit Isikdag (from Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Turkey), Assoc Prof Dr Gurcan Buyuksalih (Istanbul, Turkey), Prof Dr Sisi Zlatanova (from University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia), Assoc Prof Dr Lars Bodum (Aalborg University, Denmark), Prof Dr Andreas Buerkert (from University of Kassel, Germany). Presentations from Invited Speakers from various universities and research institutes from Philippines, Malaysia, Poland, Switzerland, Qatar, Indonesia, and Germany enhanced the conference academic standing.We would like to thank all reviewers for their diligent works on the feedbacks and comments on the assigned papers.Last, but not least, gratitude to all the volunteers mainly our research students for making sure all the online system runs smoothly.Enjoy!
PERFORMANCE OF SITE VELOCITY PREDICTION IN SUNDALAND
Authors: Kamaludin A. H. , Wan Aris W. A. , Musa T. A. , Omar A. H. , Sha’ameri A. Z.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Global Positioning System (GPS) technique has been extensively implemented in determination of crustal deformation globally. With the ability of providing solution up to milimeter (mm) level, this technique has proven to provide a precise estimate of site velocity that represents the actual motion of tectonic plate over a period. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the site velocity estimation from GPS-derived daily position of station, respective to the global plate motion model and predicted site velocity via Least-Squares Collocation (LSC) method within the tectonically active region of Sundaland. The findings have indicated that stations with precise velocity estimates were consistent with global plate model and predicted velocity, with velocity residuals of 5 mm – 10 mm. However, stations that were severely impacted by continuous earthquake events such as in Sumatra were believed to be induced by the impact with consistently large velocity residuals up to 37 mm. Following the outcomes, this study has provided an insight on the post-seismic decay period plate motion which are induced by continuous tectonic activities respective to modelled plate motion.
APPLICATION OF THE GIS-BASED 3D MODELING OF MULTIFLAT BUILDINGS TO ASSESS THE PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS ON A CITY SCALE
Authors: Kuznetsov I. , Panidi E. , Korovka V. , Yakovlenko A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. This article is aimed at expanding and deepening knowledge in GIS analysis for medical professionals. Key task of described research is to elaborate a methodology of 3D mapping and visualization of the multiflat buildings in order to study most socially valuable diseases on the apartment scale in the St. Petersburg city. The use of this methodology allows to avoid the aggregation of geographical information within one building, and, on the other hand, allows to move from a general assessment of the prevalence of the disease to specific cases. In this case, the methodology is considered as primary health care support. The paper describes elaborated approach to detailed 3D mapping of multiple disease hotbeds in multiflat buildings. Main benefit of the proposed set of data processing and mapping techniques is the capability of apartment-scale connectivity evaluation of the hotbeds inside multiflat buildings.
MAPPING OIL SPILLS ON SEA SURFACE FROM SENTINEL 2 IMAGES USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS AND CATEGORICAL BOOSTING
Authors: Argamosa R. J. L. , Blanco A. C. , Reyes R. B.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. A large oil spill in Iloilo Straight that occurred on July 3, 2020, as well as a possible deliberate, small but frequent oil spill and surfactant contamination in Manila Bay, were mapped. The method employs the Sentinel 2-1C image, which is transformed into principal components to reveal the presence of oil spills and possibly surfactants. Additionally, a gradient boosting algorithm was trained to discriminate between pixels that were contaminated with oil and those that were not. The multi-band image with three principal components with a 99% cumulative explained variance ratio highlights the occurrence of an oil spill in Iloilo Straight. Further, the classified image produced by pixel-based classification clearly distinguishes between water and oil pixels in the said area. The methodology was applied to a Sentinel 2-1C image of Manila Bay, with pixels observed/identified as oil and classified as well. The highest density of supposedly oil-contaminated pixels (large or small but frequent) was observed on the eastern side of Manila Bay (Bataan). While there were no documented oil spills concurrent to the satellite image used, historical reports on the area indicate that the likelihood of an oil spill is extremely high due to the massive amount of shipping activity. Pixels supposedly contaminated by oil spills also occur in areas near ports where oil spills could occur as a result of ship operations. Pixels with the same properties as oil contamination are also visible in areas adjacent to fishponds and aquaculture, where phytoplankton and fish contribute to surfactant contamination.
PERFORMANCE OF BURSA-WOLF MODEL FOR DEFORMING REGION: CASE STUDY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Azahar N. , Wan Aris W. A. , Musa T. A. , Omar A. H. , Musliman I. A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Bursa-Wolf model is a common mathematical approach for coordinate transformation practice between two reference frames. For the case of deforming region, the existing reference frame has been experiencing a non-linear shifting over the time due to co-seismic and post seismic occurrences. Imprecise coordinate in the reference frame definition could degrading critical positioning, surveying, and navigation activities. This require a new realization of reference frame and the coordinate transformation linkage is suggested to be developed in relating the new and existing reference frame. This study provides performance of Bursa-Wolf model as coordinate transformation approach for a deforming region that is experiencing non-linear shifting due to the co-seismic and post-seismic events. The Bursa-Wolf were generated from 32 dependent Global Positioning System (GPS) Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in Malaysia meanwhile another 20 independent neighbouring stations were utilized for assessment purposes. Seven parameters (7p) of Bursa-Wolf were estimated with RMS at ±4.5mm, ±9.2mm and ±2.1mm respectively. The independent stations were classified as internal and external assessment station and the root mean square (RMS) were found at less than 10mm. The internal station has depicted a better RMS in each component which are ±5.1mm, ±6.5mm and ±1.5mm respectively. Meanwhile for external stations RMS in each component are ±6.1mm, ±8.7mm and ±3.5mm respectively. The result shows that Bursa-Wolf model is sufficient to be used as coordinate transformation approach for deforming region.
AN APPLICATION OF CADASTRAL FABRIC SYSTEM IN IMPROVING POSITIONAL ACCURACY OF CADASTRAL DATABASES IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Choon T. L. , Ho L. C. , Ujang U. , Chin T. A. , Azri N. S. , Looi K. S. , Toh M. L. , Tan W. V. , Shanmugapathy K. , Geh J. A.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Cadastral fabric is perceived as a feasible solution to improve the speed, efficiency and quality of the cadastral measurement data to implement Positional Accuracy Improvement (PAI) and to support Coordinated Cadastral System (CCS) and Dynamic Coordinated Cadastral System (DCCS) in Malaysia. In light of this, this study aims to propose a system to upgrade the positional accuracy of the existing cadastral system through the utilisation of the cadastral fabric system. A comprehensive investigation on the capability of the proposed system is carried out. A total of four evaluation aspects is incorporated in the study to investigate the feasibility and capability of the software, viz. performance of geodetic least squares adjustment, quality assurance techniques, supporting functions, and user friendliness. This study utilises secondary data obtained from the Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM). The test area is coded as Block B21701 which is located in Selangor, Malaysia. Results show that least square adjustment for the entire network is completed in a timely manner. Various quality assurance techniques are implementable, namely error ellipses, magnitude of correction vectors and adjustment trajectory, as well as inspection of adjusted online bearings. In addition, the system supports coordinate versioning, coordinates of various datum or projection. Last but not least, user friendliness of the system is identified through the software interface, interaction and automation functions. With that, it is concluded that the proposed system is highly feasible and capable to create a Cadastral Fabric to improve the positional accuracy of existing cadastral system used in Malaysia.
Filling and drainage of a subglacial lake beneath the Flade Isblink ice cap, northeast Greenland
Authors: Liang Qi , Xiao Wanxin , Howat Ian , Cheng Xiao , Hui Fengming , Chen Zhuoqi , Jiang Mi , Zheng Lei
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The generation, transport, storage and drainage of meltwater beneath the ice sheet play important roles in the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) system. Active subglacial lakes, common features in Antarctica, have recently been detected beneath GrIS and may impact ice sheet hydrology. Despite their potential importance, few repeat subglacial lake filling and drainage events have been identified under Greenland Ice Sheet. Here we examine the surface elevation change of a collapse basin at the Flade Isblink ice cap, northeast Greenland, which formed due to sudden subglacial lake drainage in 2011. We estimate the subglacial lake volume evolution using multi-temporal ArcticDEM data and ICESat-2 altimetry data acquired between 2012 and 2021. Our long-term observations show that the subglacial lake was continuously filled by surface meltwater, with basin surface rising by up to 55 m during 2012–2021 and we estimate 138.2 × 106 m3 of meltwater was transported into the subglacial lake between 2012 and 2017. A second rapid drainage event occurred in late August 2019, which induced an abrupt ice dynamic response. Comparison between the two drainage events shows that the 2019 drainage released much less water than the 2011 event. We conclude that multiple factors, e.g., the volume of water stored in the subglacial lake and bedrock relief, regulate the episodic filling and drainage of the lake. By comparing the surface meltwater production and the subglacial lake volume change, we find only ~64 % of the surface meltwater successfully descended to the bed, suggesting potential processes such as meltwater refreezing and firn aquifer storage, need to be further quantified.
Confluências plásticas e intersemióticas em Água viva
Authors: Moreira Fernando
Published: January 2022

Clarice Lispector's Água viva [1973] can be read as a project of a linguistic resignification. For this, it is necessary to understand the context in which it is set, the third phase of literary Modernism in Brazil. The movement, not only in its literary segment, influenced by European vanguards such as abstractionism (and the denial, too, of the discursive figure in the text), surrealism etc., found new incorporations in Latin America, resulting in genuine productions which were consolidated, breaking away from mimetic Romanticism and establishing the mark of a production that incorporated elements of Brazilianness. The enunciation in Água viva brushes up effects of musical intonation and iconographic plasticity to address the form and the non-form, on the threshold between them, in the construction of this iconoclastic project permeated by moments sometimes of abstraction, sometimes of figurativity. We present some keys for this reading of the book in this paper.
Banksy, humor británico e ironía ácida grafiteados. Sentido, significado e inversión del ready-made en el arte urbano
Authors: Marcos-Alba Carlos L. , Juan Gutiérrez Pablo Jeremías
Published: January 2022

En la periferia del debate intelectual acerca de la redefinición del arte visual, el street art o arte urbano va adquiriendo progresivamente un status más nítido como manifestación artística con valor intrínseco capitaneado por un conjunto de artistas que, bajo el anonimato, son capaces de producir arte sobre los muros de la ciudad misma, proyectándolo en el espacio público y fuera de los circuitos museísticos. Esta investigación analiza los fundamentos teóricos de la significación en los grafitis y el arte urbano y considera, como hipótesis de partida, el papel de la arquitectura y de la ciudad como elementos de un ready-made invertido que los artistas callejeros, en último término, utilizan no sólo como soporte material sino como instrumento de significación integrado en su obra de manera inequívocamente intencional. Las conclusiones situarán al lector y al ciudadano en una posición clave para entender la obra de Banksy como ejemplo paradigmático de este nuevo medio expresivo en el que la obra gráfica dialoga y se integra en su contexto físico definido por los límites materiales que conforman el espacio público. Esta nueva concepción más sofisticada del arte urbano sitúa este tipo de producción artística (ejecutada por una minoría crítica y recibida por una mayoría social) en el centro de la problemática cultural contemporánea, resignificando a la ciudad como continente a la vez que como contenido artístico e integrando a la obra plástica grafiteada y su contexto urbano en un mismo significante.