bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cobalt(II) Complexes with N,N,N-Scorpionates and Bidentate Ligands: Comparison of Hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate Tp* vs. Phenyltris(4,4-dimethyloxazolin-2-yl)borate ToM to Control the Structural Properties and Reactivities of Cobalt Centers
Authors: Nishiura Toshiki , Uramoto Takahiro , Takiyama Yuichiro , Nakazawa Jun , Hikichi Shiro
Published: June 2018

Scorpionate ligands Tp* (hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate) and ToM (tris(4,4-dimethyloxazolin-2-yl)phenylborate) complexes of cobalt(II) with bidentate ligands were synthesized. Both Tp* and ToM coordinate to cobalt(II) in a tridentate fashion when the bidentate ligand is the less hindered acetylacetonate. In crystal structures, the geometry of cobalt(II) supported by the N3O2 donor set in the Tp* complex is a square-pyramid, whereas that in the ToM complex is close to a trigonal-bipyramid. Both Tp*- and ToM-acac complexes exhibit solvatochromic behavior, although the changing structural equilibria of these complexes in MeCN are quite different. In the bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)methylphenylborate (LPh) complexes, Tp* retains the tridentate (к3) mode, whereas ToM functions as the bidentate (к2) ligand, giving the tetrahedral cobalt(II) complex. The bowl-shaped cavity derived from the six methyl groups on ToM lead to susceptibility to the bulkiness of the opposite bidentate ligand. The entitled scorpionate compounds mediate hydrocarbon oxidation with organic peroxides. Allylic oxidation of cyclohexene occurs mainly on the reaction with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), although the catalytic efficiency of the scorpionate ligand complexes is lower than that of Co(OAc)2 and Co(acac)2. On cyclohexane oxidation with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA), both ToM and Tp* complexes function as catalysts for hydroxylation. The higher electron-donating ToM complexes show faster initial reaction rates compared to the corresponding Tp* complexes.
Poly(alkylidenimine) Dendrimers Functionalized with the Organometallic Moiety [Ru(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2]+ as Promising Drugs Against Cisplatin-Resistant Cancer Cells and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Gouveia Marisol , Figueira João , Jardim Manuel G. , Castro Rita , Tomás Helena , Rissanen Kari , Rodrigues João
Published: June 2018

Here and for the first time, we show that the organometallic compound [Ru(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2Cl] (RuCp) has potential to be used as a metallodrug in anticancer therapy, and further present a new approach for the cellular delivery of the [Ru(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2]+ fragment via coordination on the periphery of low-generation poly(alkylidenimine) dendrimers through nitrile terminal groups. Importantly, both the RuCp and the dendrimers functionalized with [Ru(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2]+ fragments present remarkable toxicity towards a wide set of cancer cells (Caco-2, MCF-7, CAL-72, and A2780 cells), including cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell lines (A2780cisR cells). Also, RuCp and the prepared metallodendrimers are active against human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which are often found in the tumor microenvironment where they seem to play a role in tumor progression and drug resistance.
Synthesis, Insecticidal, Fungicidal Activities and Structure–Activity Relationships of Tschimganin Analogs
Authors: Zhou Yueting , Wang Chunjuan , Xin Fang , Han Xiaoqiang , Zhang Jie , Sun Ke
Published: June 2018

For the first time, a novel series of tschimganin analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their insecticidal and fungicidal activities. Their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS. Some of these compounds displayed excellent insecticidal and fungicidal activities, suggesting that they have potential to be used as bifunctional agrochemicals. Compound 3d and 3g with electron donating groups showed better inhibitory activity and growth inhibition activity towards Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The properties and positions of the substituents on the benzene ring have an important influence on the acaricidal activity of tschimganin analogs. Topomer comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was employed to develop a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model for the compounds against Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov et Nikolski. It was indicated that higher electronegativity was beneficial for acaricidal activity. Moreover, compound 3r having a 2-hydroxy-3,5- dinitrophenyl moiety displayed a fungicidal spectrum as broad as azoxystrobin against these phytopathogens.
Vasodilator Activity of Compounds Isolated from Plants Used in Mexican Traditional Medicine
Authors: Luna-Vázquez Francisco J. , Ibarra-Alvarado César , Camacho-Corona María del Rayo , Rojas-Molina Alejandra , Rojas-Molina J. Isela , García Abraham , Bah Moustapha
Published: June 2018

Arterial hypertension is one of the main risk factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to look for new drugs to treat hypertension. In this study, we carried out the screening of 19 compounds (triterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, lignans, and flavonoids) isolated from 10 plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to determine whether they elicited vascular smooth muscle relaxation and, therefore, could represent novel anti-hypertension drug candidates. The vasorelaxant activity of these compounds was evaluated on the isolated rat aorta assay and the results obtained from this evaluation showed that three compounds induced a significant vasodilatory effect: meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid [half maximal effective concentration (EC50), 49.9 ± 11.2 µM; maximum effect (Emax), 99.8 ± 2.7%]; corosolic acid (EC50, 108.9 ± 6.7 µM; Emax, 96.4 ± 4.2%); and 5,8,4′-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (EC50, 122.3 ± 7.6 µM; Emax, 99.5 ± 5.4%). Subsequently, involvement of the NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and H2S/ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) pathways on the vasodilator activity of these compounds was assessed. The results derived from this analysis showed that the activation of both pathways contributes to the vasorelaxant effect of corosolic acid. On the other hand, the vasodilator effect of meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid and 5,8,4′-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone, partly involves stimulation of the NO/cGMP pathway. However, these compounds also showed an important endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect, whose mechanism of action remains to be clarified. This study indicates that meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid, corosolic acid, and 5,8,4′-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone could be used as lead compounds for the synthesis of new derivatives with a higher potency to be developed as drugs for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Recent Reports of Solid-Phase Cyclohexapeptide Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Prior Allan M. , Hori Taylor , Fishman Ashriel , Sun Dianqing
Published: June 2018

Macrocyclic peptides are privileged scaffolds for drug development and constitute a significant portion of macrocyclic drugs on the market today in fields spanning from infectious disease to oncology. Developing orally bioavailable peptide-based drugs remains a challenging task; however, macrocyclization of linear peptides can be an effective strategy to improve membrane permeability, proteolytic stability, oral bioavailability, and overall drug-like characteristics for this class. Significant advances in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) have enabled the efficient construction of macrocyclic peptide and peptidomimetic libraries with macrolactamization being performed on-resin or in solution phase. The primary goal of this review is to summarize solid-phase cyclohexapeptide synthesis using the on-resin and solution-phase macrocyclization methodologies published since 2013. We also highlight their broad applications ranging from natural product total synthesis, synthetic methodology development, and medicinal chemistry, to drug development and analyses of conformational and physiochemical properties.
ESTRUCTURAS DESPLEGABLES: SISTEMAS TIPO TIJERA
Authors: Torres Londoño Natalia , Alkmim de Matos Hugo
Published: June 2018

Taller sobre estructuras desplegables impartido en la PUC Minas en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte. Liderado por el grupo de investigación SMiA bajo la coordinación de los miembros Hugo Alkmim de Matos y Natalia Torres y con la colaboración del LEFAD (Laboratorio de Fabricación Digital). El objetivo principal es la enseñanza de nuevas estrategias de proyecto presentando el sistema tipo tijera como una alternativa de diseño modular, ligero y transformable. La metodología se basa en el armado de maquetas que incorporan la tecnología de la impresión 3d en sistemas de conexiones, creando nuevas herramientas didácticas para entender este tipo de estructuras. El taller finaliza con la construcción de un pabellón en madera, donde el estudiante se enfrenta al cambio de escala y a los procesos reales de fabricación y montaje de una estructura desplegable.
REALIZABILITY FIELD AND AUTOMATIC OPTIMIZATION OF BINARY RECTIFICATION COLUMN
Authors: Tsirlin A.M. , Sukin I.A.
Published: June 2018

It was shown that the dependence of maximal productivity of binary rectification column on heat consumption taking into account the irreversibility of heat and mass transfer can be charaterized with two generalized parameters. The system of automatic supporting of column regime corresponding to its maximum productivety was proposed.
FORMATION OF ANODE ARSENATE FILM ON SILVER ELECTRODE
Authors: Chemezova K.S. , Khlynova N.M.
Published: June 2018

The single current peak is registrated on voltammograms of electro dissolution of precipitates forming on silver electrode into solutions containing arsenate ions. The precipitate amount is proportional to a concentration of arsenate ions in a solution. This amount can be used for ions determination. Optimal conditions for electro deposition and electro dissolution are recommended.
INCREASE IN SORPTION ABILITY OF BACTERICIDAL TEXTILE MATERIALS
Authors: Askhabova Z.A. , Kozlova O.V.
Published: June 2018

The influence of various factors on the change in the sorption ability of textile material depending on the nature of the material, the composition of biocomposite, type of mineral additives was studied. Possible ways of increase in sorption of the textile materials possessing bactericidal properties were shown.
Global Disparities of Cancer and Its Projected Burden in 2050
Authors: Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Ahmed Kedir Y. , Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Dadi Abel F. , Belachew Sewunet Admasu , Bagade Tanmay , Tegegne Teketo Kassaw , Venchiarutti Rebecca L. , Kibret Kelemu Tilahun , Hailegebireal Aklilu Habte , Assefa Yibeltal , Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Abajobir Amanuel , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Mengesha Zelalem , Erku Daniel , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Minas Tsion Zewdu , Misgan Eyaya , Ross Allen G.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Cancer prevention and care efforts have been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic and armed conflicts, resulting in a decline in the global Human Development Index (HDI), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These challenges and subsequent shifts in health care priorities underscore the need to continuously monitor cancer outcome disparities and statistics globally to ensure delivery of equitable and optimal cancer prevention and care in uncertain times.

Objective

To measure the global burden of 36 cancers in 2022 by sex, age, and geographic location and to project future trends by 2050.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used population-based data from 2022 in 185 countries and territories were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory database. Data extraction and analysis were carried out in April 2024.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Counts, rates, prevalence, mortality to incidence ratios (MIRs), and demography-based projections were used to characterize current and future cancer burden.

Results

This population-based study included 36 cancer types from 185 countries and territories. By 2050, 35.3 million cancer cases worldwide are expected, a 76.6% increase from the 2022 estimate of 20 million. Similarly, 18.5 million cancer deaths are projected by 2050, an 89.7% increase from the 2022 estimate of 9.7 million. Cancer cases and deaths are projected to nearly triple in low-HDI countries by 2050, compared to a moderate increase in very high–HDI countries (142.1% vs 41.7% for cancer cases and 146.1% vs 56.8% for cancer deaths). Males had a higher incidence and greater number of deaths in 2022 than females, with this disparity projected to widen by up to 16.0% in 2050. In 2022, the MIR for all cancers was 46.6%, with higher MIRs observed for pancreatic cancer (89.4%), among males (51.7%), among those aged 75 years or older (64.3%), in low-HDI countries (69.9%), and in the African region (67.2%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study based on data from 2022, cancer disparities were evident across HDI, geographic regions, age, and sex, with further widening projected by 2050. These findings suggest that strengthening access to and quality of health care, including universal health insurance coverage, is key to providing evidence-based cancer prevention, diagnostics, and care.
Shrinking Cancer Research Barriers: Crafting Accessible Tumor‐on‐Chip Device for Gene Silencing Assays
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz B. , Fernandes Alexandra R. , Baptista Pedro Viana
Published: November 2024

Tumor‐on‐chip (ToC) is crucial to bridge the gap between traditional cell culture experiments and in vivo models, allowing to recreate an in vivo‐like microenvironment in cancer research. ToC use microfluidics to provide fine‐tune control over environmental factors, high‐throughput screening, and reduce requirements of samples and reagents. However, creating these microfluidic devices requires skilled researchers and dedicated manufacturing equipment, making widespread adoption cumbersome and difficult. To address some bottlenecks and improve accessibility to ToC technology, innovative materials and fabrication processes are required. Polystyrene (PS) is a promising material for microfluidics due to its biocompatibility, affordability, and optical transparency. Herein, a fabrication process based on direct laser writing on thermosensitive PS, allowing the swift and economical crafting of devices with easy pattern alterations, is presented. For the first time, a device for cell culture fabricated only by PS is presented, allowing customizing and optimization for efficient cell culture approaches. These biochips support 2D and 3D cultures with comparable viability and proliferation kinetics to traditional 96‐well plates. The data show that gene and protein silencing efficiencies remain consistent across both chip and plate‐based cultures, either 2D culture or 3D spheroid format. Although simple, this approach might facilitate the use of customized chip‐based cancer models.
Interface‐Induced Anomalous Behavior of Magnetism in FexGeTe2/Pt Bilayer
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Xu Hongjun , Xu Zhongchen , He Congli , Li Xinlu , Lan Guibin , Zhang Jia , Shi Youguo , Zhang Qinghua , Yang Chao‐Yao , Chen Jing , Gao Yawei , Hu Chaoqun , Li Jiahui , Zhao Yunchi , Huo Yuping , Ge Jian , Zhang Yu , Chang Hao‐Kai , Huang Chi‐Yen , Shen Shipeng , Zhang Yuelin , Wei Hongxiang , Yu Guoqiang , Wang Shouguo
Published: November 2024

Interface engineering is a promising strategy for controlling the Curie temperature (Tc) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in magnetic 2D van der Waals (2D vdWs)‐based heterostructures. However, establishing high‐quality interface structures in magnetic 2D vdWs/metal stacks, crucial for maximizing interface effects, remains a significant challenge. Here, a Fe5‐xGeTe2/Pt (F5GT/Pt) prototype with a superior interface quality is achieved using a low‐power physical vapor deposition technique. The magnetic properties of the F5GT/Pt heterostructures are strongly influenced by employing the specific physical deposition method. Stable ferromagnetism at 400 K is observed when depositing Pt atoms with relatively high energy, despite the Tc of pristine F5GT being below 300 K. This unexpected high‐temperature ferromagnetism is attributed to the formation of a ferromagnetic alloy at the interface, commonly present in vdWs‐based stacks fabricated through physical deposition but often overlooked. The deposit of Pt atoms with ultralow energy leads to the formation of a unique Fe5‐xGeTe2/Fe3‐xGeTe2 heterojunction at the interface, significantly enhancing the PMA. This work emphasizes the importance of interface structures in vdWs‐based devices, suggesting that controlling the growth process offers an effective approach to construct and engineer vdWs heterostructures, thus improving the performance and introducing new functionalities to spintronic devices.
Proton‐Modulated Resistive Switching in a Synapse‐Like Tyrosine‐Rich Peptide‐Based Memristor
Authors: Yoon Jeong Hyun , Song Min‐Kyu , Ham Wooho , Park Kyung Jun , Park Jeong‐Min , Namgung Seok Daniel , Kwon Jang‐Yeon
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence has become an essential part of the daily lives and has revolutionized various sectors, including healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment. With a substantial increase in processed data, neuromorphic devices that replicate the operation of the human brain have been emphasized owing to their superior efficiency. Typical neuromorphic devices focus on constructing synapse‐like structures. However, biological synapses have more complex mechanisms for efficient data processing. One of the most prominent mechanisms is proton activation, which forms an ion concentration gradient prior to the transmission of neurotransmitters and plays a key role in efficient computation. In this study, proton‐mediated signaling at biological synapses is successfully replicated by fabricating a proton‐modulated memristor device using a tyrosine‐rich peptide film. The ionic input of the memristor is controlled by applying a voltage to proton‐permeable PdHx contacts in a hydrogen atmosphere, thus successfully adjusting the resistive switching behavior. Remarkable improvements in resistive switching and computing performance are observed through proton injection, analogous to “proton‐mediated signaling” at the actual synapse. It is believed that this study proposes a new paradigm for designing biorealistic devices and provides inspiration for precisely controllable ion‐based neuromorphic devices.
Bio‐Realistic Synaptic‐Replicated “V” Type Oxygen Vacancy Memristor
Authors: Zou Lanqing , Peng Zhuiri , Sun Huajun , Yi Yunhui , Zhu Chuqian , Xu Jiyang , Zhang Junming , Hu Xuebin , Dang Yiping , Ye Lei , Miao Xiangshui
Published: November 2024

The development of an artificial synaptic device is essential for the construction of a brain‐like neuromorphic computing architecture. In this study, the goal is to create a multi‐layer HfOx memristor with a “V” type oxygen vacancy (Vo) distribution to mimic the function of calcium ions (Ca2+) during synaptic information transmission. By adjusting voltage and compliance current (Icc), the HfOx memristor can open or close different levels of volt‐controlled Ca2+ channels, thus enabling the replication of synaptic structure, neurotransmitter release/acceptor, and information transmission. A mathematical model is adopted to describe the behavior of volt‐controlled Ca2+ channels, which demonstrates that the device exhibits consistent characteristics with biological synapses. The device forms an “hourglass” conductive filament (CF) within its middle functional layer, allowing for precise control over filament formation and positioning. This results in ultra‐low power consumption for erasing (581 fJ), fast erasing speed (10 ns), and a low resistance difference coefficient of only 1.8%. Furthermore, the device successfully simulates the physical dynamics of Ca2+ during short‐term potentiation (STP) and long‐term potentiation (LTP) in biological synapses while replicating various guided synaptic behaviors. This study provides a straightforward method for memristors to realize bio‐realistic artificial neuromorphic applications.
Bagworm Silk‐Mimetic Protein Fibers with Extraordinary Stiffness via In Vivo Polymerization and Hierarchical Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jia Bo , Wang Mengyao , Qin Dawen , Cheng Wenhao , Wei Zheng , Wan Sikang , Wang Fan , Li Jingjing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai
Published: November 2024

Bagworm silk proteins, which contain crystalline structures with large β‐nanocrystal sizes, are ideal candidates for biosynthetic high‐performance fibers. However, the extremely high glycine content and greater molecular weight limit their heterologous expression efficiency and further application exploration. Here, a multi‐module assembly strategy is developed to engineer novel chimeric structural proteins by incorporating the mechanical functional domains of bagworm silk proteins with the C‐terminal self‐assembly domains of spider silk proteins. By selecting a single repetitive unit of the functional region of bagworm silk proteins, the challenge of low heterologous expression efficiency is successfully addressed. Furthermore, the content and ordering of β‐sheet structure are enhanced in the chimeric proteins through the alignment mediated by the spider silk C‐terminal domain and ligation facilitated by split inteins, resulting in a remarkable Young's modulus of ≈15 GPa. This surpasses many artificial protein fibers, synthetic polymer fibers, and even natural spider silk. Notably, these protein fibers are drawn into surgical sutures and demonstrate superior wound healing effects compared to clinical suture in a skin wound model. This research presents a novel strategy for developing high‐performance protein fibers, which will expand the scope of their mechanically demanding applications.
Intradermal Delivery of Cell Vaccine via Ice Microneedles for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Yang Chunli , Zhao Wei , Zhang Li , He Liming , Wang Siyi , Wang Jie , Xiang Maya , Yuan Xin , Gou Maling
Published: November 2024

The living tumor cell vaccine (TCV) holds a promise for cancer immunotherapy. Microneedle arrays provide a tool to improve the immune response of vaccines by the intradermal administration in a painless manner. However, it remains challenges for microneedle arrays to deliver the living TCV intradermally. Here, an ice microneedle array delivered living TCVs is shown with sustained granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) secretion for cancer treatment. The ice microneedle array is composed of ice microneedles and a matching polymer holder, which are customized fabricated by a static optical projection lithography (SOPL) technique. The living TCV consisted of irradiated melanoma cells transfected with nanoparticle‐mediated GM‐CSF plasmids. After the living TCV is readily loaded into the ice microneedle via a cryopreservation process, it could be efficiently delivered into the dermis by the microneedle device. Compared to the subcutaneous injection, intradermal administration led to the recruitment of more dendritic cells at the vaccination site and the increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. The ice microneedle array deliveres intradermal TCVs significantly inhibited melanoma growth and effectively prevented melanoma recurrence without obvious side effects. This work demonstrates a promising TCVs for melanoma treatment, which will inspire the future of cancer immunotherapy.
Disrupting J‐Aggregation in Triazatruxene Dimers to Develop Responsive Luminescent Inks for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Martín Raúl , Echeverri Marcelo , González Francisco , de Andrés Alicia , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Concellón Alberto , Serrano José Luis , Gómez‐Lor Berta
Published: November 2024

The fight against counterfeiting is a crucial concern for economies around the world, underscoring the urgent need for effective measures to ensure the legitimacy of products and documents. Luminescent security inks have emerged as effective tools in this battle. The third generation of these inks, incorporating stimuli‐responsive organic materials, enables unique efficiency. In this work, the stimuli‐responsive behavior of three trialkylated triazatruxene dimers (TRI1, TRI2, and TRI3), endowed with N‐alkyl chains of different length is investigated. Among them, TRI3, with three flexible dodecyl chains, shows remarkable stimuli‐responsive fluorescence that is attributed to thermally or shear‐induced phase transitions between a tetragonal columnar phase and a discotic‐nematic liquid crystal phase. Such transformation involves the breakdown of highly emissive J‐aggregates with a strong influence on the resulting emissive color. Interestingly, these stimuli‐triggered transformations are spontaneously reversed, which renders this compound very interesting in the search of third‐generation security inks.
Highly Resistive Biomembranes Coupled to Organic Transistors enable Ion‐Channel Mediated Neuromorphic Synapses
Authors: Maraj Joshua J. , Schafer Emily A. , Mansour Michelle M. , Hussein Essraa A. , Berryman Joseph , Klavon Elizabeth , Rivnay Jonathan , Sarles Stephen A.
Published: November 2024

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) functionalized with lipid membranes could enable new hybrid synapses for sensing and neuromorphic computing in biological media. However, prior attempts to pair these components resulted in low quality membranes formed on the OECT surface. We present a new method for forming a highly‐resistive phospholipid bilayer coupled to a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) OECT that avoids the disruptive effects of the rough polymer surface. Transistor coupled droplet bilayers (TCDBs) formed from diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine lipids exhibit an average specific resistance that is 1000X higher than values reported for solid‐supported lipid membranes assembled on PEDOT:PSS. High membrane resistance and the addition of voltage‐activated ionophores enable us to demonstrate that selective ion transport and spontaneous membrane resealing in response to dynamic gate voltage imparts selective programming and memory‐storage capability to an OECT without chemical modification of the PEDOT:PSS. These capabilities enable paired‐pulse facilitation and depression with writing speeds and memory retentions that are both >10X higher than previously reported with membrane‐coated OECTs. The high resistance of the TCDB establishes a basis for hybrid biomolecular synapses that can integrate stimuli‐responsive membranes and organic electronics for future applications in sensing, signal processing, and neuromorphic computing at the edge of biology.
The effectiveness of misinformation corrective strategies and implications for consumers' food preferences and policy attitudes
Authors: Lin Lin , Ortega David L. , Sun Jiayu
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effect of food biotechnology misinformation on consumer demand and attitudes toward bioengineered food and tests the effectiveness of pre‐bunking and debunking mitigation strategies. Using choice experiment data from a sample of 1270 U.S. consumers, we find that exposure to misinformation has a significant effect on consumers' food preferences and policy attitudes. We also find that while pre‐bunking is an effective mitigating strategy, debunking by itself is not sufficient. Our findings suggest that preemptively warning consumers about misinformation and the tactics used to spread it is more effective than merely correcting the misinformation afterward.
Socioeconomic Status and Age at Menarche in Türkiye
Authors: Ersoy Betül , Hanedan Nurcan , Özyurt Beyhan
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The trend in declining age at menarche (AAM) largely continues while body size increases globally. The aim was to investigate trends in AAM, menstrual characteristics, and post‐menarcheal anthropometric parameters in adolescents living in an urban area in Türkiye between 1999 and 2018.

Methods

Female adolescent high school students in the Manisa region were asked about menarche and socioeconomic status (SES). There were 1017 girls in the first study (1999–2001) and 1304 (2016–2018) in the second study. Height and weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Adolescent girls were grouped into three socioeconomic status (SES) groups based on parental education and occupation, and all parameters were evaluated using SES.

Results

The mean ± standard deviation for AAM in the first period was 12.82 ± 1.07 years and 12.83 ± 0.9 years in the second. AAM did not differ between the two periods nor between SES groups in either period. Post‐menarcheal height, weight, and BMI increased in the second period compared to the first study and across all SES groups (p < 0.05). The whole group AAM was similar in both periods, only 3 months earlier in the second period than in the first period. However, the AAM in girls with a post‐menarcheal BMI indicating being overweight or obese was significantly earlier than that of those with a normal post‐menarcheal BMI in both periods (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Despite changing sociodemographic characteristics and an increasing trend in height, weight, and BMI in all socioeconomic groups, no change was observed in mean AAM in an urban region of Western Türkiye over 18 years. While the inverse relationship between BMI and postmenarcheal BMI continued in both periods, the decline in AAM became more pronounced over the years in the presence of high postmenarcheal BMI.
Delayed Diagnosis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Two Chinese Families due to Novel SMN1 Deletions
Authors: Dong Yan , Zhang Shuyue , Wang Hong , Jia Xiaodong , Yu Changshun , Li Weiran , Ma Ximeng , Yu Xiaoli , Li Dong , Shu Jianbo , Cai Chunquan
Published: November 2024

Autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a leading cause of infant and child mortality, with homozygous deletion in exon 7 of the SMN1 gene being a major genetic cause. However, routine genetic testing methods may overlook structural variants outside of exon 7, potentially leading to misdiagnosis of SMA patients. Here, we reported two Chinese SMA patients who primarily exhibited developmental delays. Physical examinations revealed markedly reduced muscle strength and tone in their extremities, and electromyography suggested extensive neurogenic damage in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The MLPA results indicated a single copy number of SMN1 in both patients, which is inconsistent with the typical genetic pattern of SMA. Through RNA sequencing and ultra‐long read sequencing, we ultimately identified a rare structural variant involving the deletion of exons 2a–5 in both unrelated patients. This confirmed the presence of compound heterozygous variants in the SMN1 gene as the actual genetic cause. To our knowledge, this is the first case where a combination of RNA sequencing and ultra‐long read sequencing has been used to diagnose SMA. We demonstrated the significant value of RNA sequencing in cases where children are highly suspected of having SMA but present negative results in routine genetic testing. This underscores the crucial role of accurate genetic testing methods in achieving early diagnosis of SMA.
Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework with Dense Lithiophilic Sites as Protective Layer to Enable High‐Performance Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Fu Yubin , Bi Shuai , Yang Xiubei , Xu Xiaoyu , Li Xuewen , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng
Published: November 2024

Lithium (Li) metal batteries with remarkable energy densities are restrained by short lifetime and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), resulting from the accumulative Li dendrites and dead Li during cycling. Here, we prepared a new three‐dimensional (3D) covalent organic framework (COF) with dense lithiophilic sites (heteoatom weight contents of 32.32 wt %) as an anodic protective layer of Li metal batteries. The 3D COF was synthesized using a [6+4] synthesis strategy by inducing flexible 6‐connected cyclotriphosphazene derivative aldehyde and 4‐connected porphyrin‐based tetraphenylamines. Both phosphazene and porphyrin rings in the COF served as electron‐rich and lithiophilic sites, enhancing a homogeneous Li+ flux via 3D direction towards highly smooth and compact Li deposition. The Li/Por‐PN‐COF‐Cu cells achieved a record average CE of 99.1 % for 320 cycles with smooth Li deposition. Meanwhile, the abundant lithiophilic sites can promote fast Li+ transport with Li+ transference number of 0.87, enabling LiFePO4 full cell with stable stripping/plating processes even at a harsh rate of 5 C. Theoretical calculations revealed that the strong interaction force between Li+ and the COF facilitated the dissolution of Li+ from the electrolyte, and the low migration barrier of 1.08 eV indicated a favorable interaction between the Li+ ions and the π‐electron system.
MAGPIX Assay for Influenza A Using Single Domain Antibodies
Authors: Goldman Ellen R. , Sugiharto Victor A. , Shriver‐Lake Lisa C. , Garcia Andrew M. , Wu Shuenn‐Jue , Jenkins Sarah A. , Chen Hua‐Wei
Published: November 2024

Single domain antibodies (sdAbs) provide versatile binding reagents that offer advantages over conventional antibodies for use in immunoassays. SdAbs consist of the ~15 kDa variable heavy domain from the heavy chain‐only antibodies found in camelids and can be engineered for integration in a variety of immunoassay formats. The Luminex MAGPIX instrument is a high‐throughput platform that uses color‐coded MagPlex beads to enable multiplexed immunoassays and is relatively fast and simple. We developed a MagPlex bead‐based assay for the detection of influenza A virus (IAV), using sdAbs against IAV nucleoprotein (NP). To provide sensitive detection, the sdAbs were formatted into bivalent constructs; and the capture reagent was tailored to provide oriented immobilization on the bead. Using the best capture and reporter pair, we achieved detection of recombinant NP down to 1 ng/mL. Finally, we demonstrated that the developed immunoassay showed promise in detecting IAV in clinical samples.
Teaching teen titans: An anatomy curriculum using superheroes for middle‐ and high school students in health professions outreach programs
Authors: Asri Rijul , Baquerizo Humberto , Padilla‐Register Mercedes , Soto‐Greene Maria , Grachan Jeremy J.
Published: November 2024

Health professions outreach programs are important avenues to increase interest in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). One aspect of many of these programs is anatomy, which can be challenging to teach due to its scope. Creative teaching methods, such as the incorporation of examples from pop culture, can help students better access complex scientific concepts. This study aimed to assess the utility of a superhero‐based anatomy curriculum as part of summer outreach programs at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (NJMS). Students completed pre‐ and post‐session surveys about their interest in the fields of STEM, their background knowledge of superheroes, and their thoughts on the effectiveness of using superheroes to learn anatomy. Prior to participating in the curriculum, most students were interested or very interested in the fields of STEM (72.4%). After the curriculum, most students (79.3%) reported that their interest expanded. Almost all students reported that the use of superheroes was beneficial to their learning experience (91.4%) and was preferred over traditional teaching methods (87.9%), despite not necessarily having existing background knowledge or interests in superheroes. Finally, some students felt that seeing the diverse identities of different superhero characters improved their ability to relate to the material. In conclusion, students felt that a superhero‐based anatomy curriculum improved their interest in the fields of STEM and their learning experience. This suggests that creative teaching methods can effectively augment the existing mission of health professions outreach programs for a diverse group of students.
Magnetic Anisotropic Effects in Charged Aza[10]annulene Analogs with a Non‐planar Carbon Framework
Authors: Kurian Jais , Swathi Krishna P. E. , Agrawal Ishika , Jayabal Nagarajan , Hariharan Mahesh , Manheri Muraleedharan K.
Published: November 2024

Classically, aromaticity portrays the unique stability and peculiar reactivities of cyclic planar conjugated systems with (4n+2) π electrons. Understanding the electronic environments in new chemical frameworks through experimental and theoretical validation is central to this ever‐expanding theme in chemical science. Such investigations in curved π‐surfaces have special significance as they can unravel the variations when the planarity requirement is slightly lifted. In this report, we discuss the synthesis, spectroscopic and theoretical studies involving a new group of cyclazine analogs having a charged aza[10]annulene periphery, centrally locked through a sp3 carbon. Magnetic anisotropic effects arising from electron delocalization through its curved π‐surface were mapped through a specific set of chemical groups introduced through this sp3 carbon. The nucleus‐independent chemical shift calculations revealed negative chemical shift values, indicating the aromatic nature of the aza[10] annulene rim. This is corroborated by a clockwise diatropic ring current, evident from anisotropy‐induced current density analysis. Variations in the chemical shift of NMR signals in these systems were also computationally examined through isotropic chemical shielding surface analysis.
Numerical and analytical inspection of magnetic field effects in the radical pair mechanism by a simplified rate equation model
Authors: Deser Andreas , Kuhne Jens , Leymann Heinrich A. M.
Published: November 2024

The radical pair mechanism is by now the most prominent candidate for a biologically relevant quantum effect of magnetic fields. Recently, N. Ikeya and J. R. Woodward demonstrated a magnetic field effect for sub‐extremely low frequency (ELF) fields in the mT range by investigating the autofluorescence spectrum of flavin adenine dinucleotide in living HeLa cells. We apply a simple rate equation model to show numerically and analytically that magnetic field effects can be expected to exist in the whole ELF range.
Triggering employee green activism through green human resource management: The role of green organizational learning and responsible leadership
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Akhtar Muhammad Waheed , Zahoor Nadia , Khan Muhammad Aamir Shafiq , Adomako Samuel
Published: November 2024

Several studies have unveiled that green human resource management (GHRM) positively affects employees' voluntary green behaviors at work. However, the literature has overlooked the influence of GHRM on employee beyond‐work green activism—employees' participation in different environmental campaigns and initiatives and supporting/influencing organizations, environmental groups, and political actions aimed at protecting the natural environment. We hypothesize that GHRM leads to employee beyond‐work green activism directly and indirectly via green organizational learning. The present study also tests the moderating role of responsible leadership in the GHRM‐green organizational learning link. Multisource survey data collected using the time‐lagged strategy supported the proposed relationships. The findings offer important recommendations for managers that can help them signify the role of business organizations and HR practices in protecting the natural environment.
Treatment of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity accompanied by nasolacrimal duct obstruction with purulent discharge: A case report
Authors: Namvar Ehsan , Attar Alireza
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case demonstrates that probing and 10% povidone‐iodine irrigation of the nasolacrimal duct prior to intravitreal bevacizumab injection can safely reduce the risk of endophthalmitis in infants with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. This method provides a viable treatment alternative when laser therapy alone is insufficient.
Two‐decade battle with myasthenia gravis: A breakthrough case report on the long‐term success with eculizumab and ravulizumab treatment
Authors: Quasthoff Stefan
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical Message

This unique case of generalized myasthenia gravis shows sustained stability of a patient's condition for 3 years with eculizumab/ravulizumab treatment following 16 years of refractory disease. It highlights the long‐term effectiveness of C5 inhibitors in a real‐world setting, aiding physicians in their decision‐making for refractory cases and treatment discontinuation scenarios.
Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol Catalyzed by Gold Nanoclusters with Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission: Emission Intensity Correlated Activity and Mechanistic Exploration
Authors: Peng Bo , Shan Bingqian , Lam Koonfung , Zhang Kun
Published: November 2024

Thiolate‐protected Au nanoclusters (NCs) have developed as a promising class of model catalysts to achieve fundamental understanding of metal nanocatalysis. Whereas, the packing mode of peripheral ligand on metal core is changeful in the reaction medium and show elusive impact on catalytic activity. In this work, using glutathione (GSH) protected Au NCs (Au@GSH NCs) with aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) characteristics as model catalyst for the hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), photoluminescence (PL) intensity correlated catalytic activity of Au@GSH NCs was successfully mediated by the addition of Ag+ in the preparation or poor solvent in the reaction medium, showing a relationship of “as one falls, another rises.” Au NCs with intense PL implied a dense packing of peripheral ligand, which hampered the accessibility of active site and thus exhibited slowest catalytic reaction kinetics of the reduction of 4‐NP and vice versa. Based on this methodology, a case study of the effect of salt additives on the catalytic activity is carried out, different mechanisms are distinguished by the change in the PL intensity, and with the combination of diagnostic deuterium isotope experiments, it has been demonstrated that the proton from water solvent is involved in the reaction and that the proton transfer process is the rate‐determining step, the contribution of ionic additives to the hydrogen bonding network determines their effect on the reaction kinetics. The correlation between PL intensity and catalytic activity of Au NCs could provide an efficient way to design highly active Au NC catalysts and give a new insight to understand the unique optoelectronic properties of Au NCs and reaction mechanism.
The impact of big data on decision‐making, processes and organizational change: An essay of synthesis
Authors: Sahut Jean‐Michel , Fragniere Emmanuel , Dang Rey
Published: November 2024

This special issue looks at how big data affects business decisions, processes, and organizational change within organizations. The issue starts with a review of the latest research in the field, including key developments and ongoing debates. The literature review shows how Big Data is affecting how organizations work, including ethical issues, internal rules, and using new technology. Next, the issue presents three key papers on how Big Data affects modern organizations. The first paper looks at how Big Data how Big Data is helping to make cities smarter. The third paper looks at how new technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and quantum computing affect financial organizations. Together, these contributions show the need to balance innovation with risk management. They advocate for ethical considerations and policy frameworks as organizations navigate the complexities of the Big Data era. This essay of synthesis, from literature review to focused studies on decision‐making, operations, and organizational change, provides a holistic understanding of the role of Big Data in shaping the future of business.
Targeting N‐Methyl‐lysine Histone Demethylase KDM4 in Cancer: Natural Products Inhibitors as a Driving Force for Epigenetic Drug Discovery
Authors: Cursaro Ilaria , Milioni Leonardo , Eslami Kourosh , Sirous Hajar , Carullo Gabriele , Gemma Sandra , Butini Stefania , Campiani Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

KDM4A‐F enzymes are a subfamily of histone demethylases containing the Jumonji C domain (JmjC) using Fe(II) and 2‐oxoglutarate for their catalytic function. Overexpression or deregulation of KDM4 enzymes is associated with various cancers, altering chromatin structure and causing transcriptional dysfunction. As KDM4 enzymes have been associated with malignancy, they may represent novel targets for developing innovative therapeutic tools to treat different solid and blood tumors. KDM4A is the isozyme most frequently associated with aggressive phenotypes of these tumors. To this aim, industrial and academic medicinal chemistry efforts have identified different KDM4 inhibitors. Industrial and academic efforts in medicinal chemistry have identified numerous KDM4 inhibitors, primarily pan‐KDM4 inhibitors, though they often lack selectivity against other Jumonji family members. The pharmacophoric features of the inhibitors frequently include a chelating group capable of coordinating the catalytic iron within the active site of the KDM4 enzyme. Nonetheless, non‐chelating compounds have also demonstrated promising inhibitory activity, suggesting potential flexibility in the drug design. Several natural products, containing monovalent or bivalent chelators, have been identified as KDM4 inhibitors, albeit with a micromolar inhibition potency. This highlights the potential for leveraging them as templates for the design and synthesis of new derivatives, exploiting nature's chemical diversity to pursue more potent and selective KDM4 inhibitors.
Effects of Cimetidine and Dolutegravir on the Endogenous Drug–Drug Interaction Biomarkers for Organic Cation Transporter 2 and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1 in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Koishikawa Tomoki , Fujiwara Kaku , Taskar Kunal , Zamek‐Gliszczynski Maciej J. , Yoshida Kenta , Chu Xiaoyan , Hirabayashi Hideki , Mao Jialin , Rockich Kevin , Takashima Tadayuki , Yamaura Yoshiyuki , Lai Yurong , Tomoda Yukana , Kito Tomoko , Maeda Kazuya , Furihata Kenichi , Sugiyama Yuichi , Kusuhara Hiroyuki
Published: November 2024

This study was designed to assess the quantitative performance of endogenous drug–drug interaction (DDI) biomarkers (N1‐methylnicotinamide (1‐NMN), N1‐methyladenosine (m1A), and creatinine) for the organic cation transporters, OCT2 and MATE1/2K in the kidney. Ten healthy volunteers received cimetidine (400 and 800 mg, single dose) or dolutegravir (50 mg, twice a day) together with metformin (500 mg). Cimetidine and dolutegravir were considered to act mainly as MATE1/2K and OCT2 inhibitors, respectively. The renal clearance (CLr) of metformin was decreased by 15.5% and 42.5% by cimetidine 400 and 800 mg, and by 26.8% and 56.9% by dolutegravir first and fifth doses, respectively. CLr ratio (CLrR) of 1‐NMN were 0.93 and 0.64 for cimetidine 400 and 800 mg, and 0.87 and 0.47 for dolutegravir first and fifth doses, respectively. CLrR of m1A was less than that of 1‐NMN: 1.0 and 0.80 for cimetidine 400 and 800 mg, and 0.77 and 0.71 for dolutegravir first and fifth doses, respectively. CLr of creatinine was significantly decreased only by cimetidine 800 mg. Individual CLrR of 1‐NMN and m1A showed a positive correlation with the corresponding CLrR of metformin with r2 of 0.58 and 0.55, respectively. When evaluated individually, m1A showed a better correlation during cimetidine periods (r2 0.64) than 1‐NMN (r2 0.36), but vice versa during dolutegravir periods (r2 1‐NMN, 0.80; m1A, 0.32). These results suggest that 1‐NMN and m1A might be more promising than creatinine as endogenous biomarkers for quantitatively assessing the DDI potential of investigational drugs for OCT2 and MATE1/2K based on their CLrR change.