bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic non-coplanar refraction and deflected diffraction of Weyl-node-mismatch junctions
Authors: Yang Mou , Hou Quan-Teng , Wang Rui-Qiang
Published: November 2019

We studied the transport properties of the Weyl-node-mismatch junction, beside which the Weyl nodes are mismatch so that their projections on the interface plane cannot overlap. When electrons of one valley are injected onto the junction, the refraction is not coplanar with the injection-reflection plane. The non-coplanar deviation angle is valley dependent, and so if the injection consists of both valley components, the birefraction will take place. When electrons coming from a narrow rod transit across the junction into the bulk region on the other side, the electrons will be diffracted in the unconfined region. The diffraction is dispersed near the rod-bulk interface and is laterally deflected to the direction along the line connecting the Weyl node projections of incident and transmitted sides.
Evaluation of Midblock Pedestrian Crossing Facility in The Surakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianto B , Sugiyarto
Published: November 2019

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable travellers to traffic accidents. It is necessary to provide pedestrian crossing facility that meet the standards of eligibility for pedestrian’s safety when crossing the road without disrupting traffic flow. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of type, road marking and signs of the existing midblock pedestrian crossing facility against the applicable guidelines. The midblock pedestrian crossing facility studied consist of three Zebra Crossings and five Pelican Crossings in the Surakarta City, Indonesia. Pedestrian and vehicle volume data has been collected through a survey of traffic. The guideline of determining the type of midblock pedestrian crossing facility using the PV2 criteria, while the guideline of pedestrian crossing road marking and signs using Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia No. PM 34 Year 2014. The study results indicate that in general, type, road marking and signs of the existing midblock pedestrian crossing facilities are inconsistent with the recommendations of the applicable guidelines. PV2 criteria fail to identify the type of pedestrian crossing facility, which should be provided in the given conditions. The compliance of the pedestrian to cross the road on Zebra Crossing and Pelican Crossings is very low. The infrastructure design, road markings and signs of the existing midblock pedestrian crossing is less consideration of pedestrian safety. It is necessary to rectify the guidelines relating to current midblock pedestrian crossing facility.
Design and Implementation of Dual Axis Solar Tracker PV to Increase Cleaning Robot Operating Time
Authors: Wicaksono D S , Musafa A
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses design and implementation of dual-axis tracker for PV to supply additional power to extend the operating time of cleaning robot. The system consists of PV 3.5wp, servo motor Tower Pro G90, DC motor, motor driver L298, light sensor (LDR) and microcontroller. Dual axis solar tracker PV works with the principle of comparing light intensity on four light sensors to determine the direction of the oncoming light. PV will be directed perpendicular to the direction of the sunlight in order to maximize the energy production. From the test results obtained that PV produce the highest output voltage reaches 6.10 Volts on light intensity 110800 until 116500 LUX, when PV form the angle of 0 ° to 10 ° towards the sunlight. The average time of charging the battery using the PV, with battery condition 2.5 volt to 3.7 Volt is 94 minutes 48 second. For the average operation time of mobile robot with additional PV longer 7 minutes 17 second compared to mobile robot operation time of without additional PV.
Comparison of Optimization Using Hybrid Genetic Agorithm-Backpropagation and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Backpropagation for Tide Level Forecasting
Authors: Nikentari N , Kurniawan H
Published: November 2019

Evolutionary computation or evolutionary algorithm has been used in many areas. For the last ten years, evolutionary computation became a powerful method to solve problems in the real world. Forecasting is a well-known method to determine the direction of the future for better results. Hybridization between the Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization to Backpropagation Neural Network are applied to forecast tide level data. The experiments based on a comparison of these two algorithms prove that Particle Swarm Optimization with Backpropagation Neural Network is exceeding Genetic Algorithm in measuring tide level forecasting.
Development of Seeding and Planting Scheduling Algorithms for Contract Farming of Organic Vegetable with Multi Seeding and Planting Center
Authors: Putri M M , Mardhiyyah Y S , Rusdiansyah A
Published: November 2019

Organic vegetables are perishable products with special characteristics because its shelf life is influenced by product characteristics, environmental conditions and production time. Customer only buys fresh organic vegetables because its price is more expensive than the non-organic ones. The scheduling of seeding and planting process becomes the most important thing for organic vegetables producer. They must ensure the right time and good condition in organic vegetables consumer delivery. An organic vegetable products company is implementing a contract farming system. They have some Planting and Seeding Centers (PSCs) across several cities. PSC is an organization which cooperate with farmers in contract farming. The functions of PSC are to seed, distributing the seeding result to farmers, packing vegetables form farmers and shipping vegetables to customers. Farmers will plant the seeds received from PSC based on a schedule given by PSC. This research will develop an algorithm of seeding and planting scheduling by PSC and farmers. There are several types of vegetables: vegetables with seeding, vegetables without seeding, planted inside green house, and planted in an open field. PSC and farmers are determined by the nearest distance to customers, the availability of green houses and open fields. The purpose of this algorithm is to optimize PSC seeding and planting scheduling, so we can minimize production costs (seeding, planting, packing and distribution costs) and maximize profits.
The Effect of 45º Upward Flow Straightener Position on Flow Uniformity in Sampling Point of Chimney
Authors: Puspitasari D , Sihombing R , Bunyamin  , Ellyanie  , Marwani
Published: November 2019

Air pollution is one of the factors that can cause the decreasing of air quality in urban areas, especially in areas close to the industry. The government made a policy for the industrial sector to conduct the emission quality measurements in their operating chimneys. Commonly, the quality of emissions from the chimney sampling point is still above the permissible threshold. This condition occurs due to the lack of uniform emission flow near the sampling point. Based on the EPA method, the exhausted gas flow condition near the sampling point must have uniform velocity and small helicity. Therefore in this study the author tried to modify the channel in the chimney by installing a flow straightener (FS) in order to reduce helicity and the degree of uniformity of the flow. The upward 45° FS was chosen. For further research, position of flow straightener at a chimney vertical distance was set at 0.75D, 1D and 1.25D from lower disturbance. Based on the computational results, the best KV value of 32.32% with FS 1.25 D and KV value of 35.52% with 0.75 D were obtained. The closer to the sampling point, the KV value will improve. This result indicated that the accuracy of measurement of emission quality at the sampling point can be improved.
The Influence of Electric Current and Electrolyte Solution on Porous Characteristics on Aluminum Anodizing
Authors: Zulaida Y M , Ramadhannisa A H , Dwiyanti Y
Published: November 2019

For decoration purposes, aluminum metal has widely used metal coloring techniques to enhance the aesthetic value of the metal. Most coloring techniques of the aluminum metal use aluminum metal dipping with dye or with chrome (Cr) directly. This coating technique has the disadvantage, such as the color fade easily or the chrome layer peels off. The anodizing method becomes a potential method to improve coloring techniques because this process is able to provide a protective layer and improve surface appearance through staining and can change the aluminum surface to aluminum oxide, high hardness, and corrosion resistance. This study aims to analyze the surface condition of the aluminum after the anodizing process with several variables. In this research uses the variation of H2SO4 electrolyte solution concentration and electric current as variables to improve aluminum surface quality. Anodizing process is carried out with electrolyte concentration up to 20% and current up to 5 A. The Characteristic of an aluminum oxide layer is tested using hardness test, optical and Scanning Electron Microscope to observe the hardness, the pores distribution and the average of pores diameter. The results of the hardness show that increasing electric current will decrease the hardness of the Aluminum surface. The significant results are also showed in electrolyte concentration variables, increasing electrolyte concentration will reduce hardness and enlarge pores diameter.
Heat transfer analysis of iron ore spherical pellet in the direct reduction process
Authors: Milandia A , Juniarsih A , Muadz R , Sactianto A
Published: November 2019

The aim of iron ore direct reduction process is to convert iron oxide into metallic iron. The conversion of iron oxide into metallic iron occurs through saveral stages of intermediate phase. This intermediate phase included of hematite, magnetite and wustite. Temperatures is one of the important variables to ensure the trasformation of the phase completly. Generally in the direct reduction process, iron oxide process should be agglomerated into 1,5 cm – 2 cm in diameter spherical or cylindrical pellet. Agglomerates form, caused unevan temperatur distibutions within pellet inside. The objectives of this work is to observed energy and the rate of heat flux during reduction process so that intermadiate phase can be trasformed perfectly into metallic iron. To analize temperatur pellet inside, Ansys software was utilized to simulated iron ore direct reduction process. This simulation using agglomerate spherical form. Temperatures simulation take place at 900 into 1100 Celcius for 30 and 69 minute. This simulation also simulated carbon monoxide (CO) as reduction gas at 1 atm
Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite Lynde Type A (LTA): Effect of Aging Time
Authors: Ginting S B , Yulia Y , Wardono H , Darmansyah  , Hanif M , Iryani D A
Published: November 2019

Zeolite Lynde Type A (LTA) has been widely applied, such as adsorbent, catalyst, membrane, ion exchanger, and even molecular sieve. As molecular sieve, the zeolite LTA has high dehydration ability and has a prospect as separation agent such as water removal from the ethanol-water mixture to obtain high purity bioethanol. Furthermore, it can repeatedly be used, lower energy usage, and environmentally friendly. Due to the number of advantages possessed, this research conducted to synthesize the zeolite LTA. The sources of silica and alumina used are from Coal Bottom Ash (CBA), PLTU Tarahan, Indonesia. CBA is a waste of coal burning that has not fully utilized. This effect of aging time was examined to obtain the highest percentage of its crystallinity. The results showed that 36 hours aging gave a product of zeolite with the best characteristics. The XRD analysis reported that this zeolite had 89.43% of crystallinity. The FTIR identification showed the presence of double rings structure which is characteristic of zeolite LTA. Finally, the result of SEM expressed the morphology of zeolite A on 3.163 μm of crystal size.
Bioplastics synthesis based on sorghum–Eucheuma spinosum modified with sorghum stalk powder
Authors: Darni Y , Sumartini S , Lismeri L , Hanif M , Lesmana D
Published: November 2019

In this study, a bioplastic was produced by addition of filler and plasticizer. Sorghum stalk powder was selected as a filler and glycerol as plasticizer. The effects of filler and plasticizer concentration on physical and mechanical characteristics of the bioplastics were observed. In the bioplastic production, the amount of sorghum stalk powder varied from 0.25 to 1 g, and glycerol concentration was varied from 5 to 20%. On the other hand, the amount ofEucheuma spinosum, as a fiber, and sorghum starch as a matrix remained constant. The bioplastic production has conducted by stirring the starch, fiber, filler, and glycerol for 35 minutes at 95°C and 375 rpm. The mixture was dried at 50°C for 8 hours. The best physical and mechanical characteristics of the product were obtained from the formulation consisting 0.5 g of filler and 10% of plasticizer concentration. The bioplastic itself had 21.265 MPa of tensile strength, 4.467% of elongation, 498.463 MPa of Young’s Modulus, 0.95 g/cm3of density, and 21.265% of water uptake which are in the range of commercial HDPE plastic characteristics.
The Study of the Effect of Final Tin Slag as Partial Substitution in Portland based Concrete towards Corrosion Resistance of Reinforcement Steel against Chloride Environment with Linear Polarization Method
Authors: Aryani Irma T. , Riastuti Rini , Ibnu Muhammad , Shidqi Afif
Published: November 2019

The final tin slag is the final product of the tin smelting process which contains oxide compounds such as SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 which have similarities to the content of the oxide compounds found in Portland cement (OPC). The existence of the final tin slag has not been widely used. For that reason, the final tin slag will be very useful if it is used as a cement substitute as a raw material for making concrete. This study aims to analyze the resistance of cement and steel reinforcement mixtures on concrete to a corrosive environment using linear polarization method. In this study, the composition of the final tin slag used was 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The final tin slag used came from PT. Timah Tbk on Bangka Island Indonesia. Then, the 0.5 w/c ratio concrete will be cured for 28 days and will be immersed with a 3.5% NaCl solution for 6 days. The results presented that the reinforcement steel embedded in concrete OPC60-FTS40 was the sufferest towards corrosion since it had the highest corrosion rate in each immersion day among all the concrete samples and followed by OPC80-FTS20, OPC70-FTS30, OPC100, and OPC90-FTS10 in six days of immersion.
The Influence of Yttrium Addition on The Corrosion Resistance and Tensile Strength of as-Cast Mg-Y Alloys
Authors: Setiawan Asep Ridwan , Ardiyana Herdi , Basuki Arif , Wibowo Untung Ari
Published: November 2019

This study shows the effect of Yttrium addition (2-6 wt%) on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance of Mg-Y binary fabricated from sacrificial magnesium anode. The beneficial of Mg anode source was tremendous for magnesium alloy especially for corrosion resistance. Improvement of mechanical properties due to the addition of Yttrium was caused by grain refinement solid solution strengthening. Tensile strength increased with the addition of Yttrium. Mg-Y binary is immersed in the SBF solution to see the corrosion resistance. The hydrogen evolution was increased from 0,32 mL/cm2 day, 1 mL/cm2 day, and 34,42 mL/cm2 day for Mg-2%wt Y, Mg-4%wt Y, and Mg-6%wt Y respectively.
Magnetization Dynamic Analysis of Square Model CoFe and CoFeB Ferromagnetic Materials Using Micromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Mustaghfiroh Qoimatul , Kurniawan Candra , Djuhana Dede
Published: November 2019

In this study, dynamic magnetization of square model CoFe and CoFeB ferromagnetic materials were observed using micromagnetic simulation based on LLG equation. The geometrical side size was varied from 50 to 500 nm with the thickness of 5 nm and 10 nm. For simulation process, the used damping factor was 0.05 and the cell size of 2.5×2.5×2.5 nm3 was used with respect to exchange length of CoFe and CoFeB. The external magnetic fields were applied in in-plane and out-plane direction to generate magnetic hysteresis loop. It is found that the coercivity decreased as square size increased for both in-plane and out-plane magnetization direction. The coercivity were around 40 to 200 mT for in-plane field magnetization of CoFe. The coercivity tends to constant at 40 mT in diameter less than 100 nm and zero coercivity for diameter greater than 100 nm for out-plane field magnetization. Compared to CoFe, the coercivity in out-plane field is higher than in-plane field in CoFeB square. It is also observed that the switching time and nucleation field increased as the size increased in out-plane direction of both CoFe and CoFeB. The results showed that the different characteristics of magnetic anisotropy of both materials are important in the development of high density magnetic storage.
Investigation of Dynamic Magnetization in FePt and FePd Disk Ferromagnets Using Micromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Fadhilah Ummaira , Kurniawan Candra , Djuhana Dede
Published: November 2019

In this study, we have observed the magnetic hysteresis loop of the highly anisotropic ferromagnetic materials FePt and FePd with disk model by micromagnetic simulation method based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. We used disk shaped model with varied size from 50 to 500 nm, thicknesses of 5 and 10 nm, and damping constant α = 0.05. The cell size of 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 nm3 was used and the in-plane and out-plane fields were applied to the materials. The results showed that the hysteresis loop has a large coercivity when the external in-plane field and close to zero when the external out-of-plane field was applied. This characteristic was similar as typical of the material’s hysteresis loops given the field toward the hard-axis. However, coercivity still observed in materials with size below ≤ 100 nm with ranging values between 20 and 80 mT. From the results, a certain value of the coercivity field appeared in out-plane applied field indicated a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) behaviour in FePt and FePd ferromagnets. Moreover, the nucleation field was shifted as the material’s size varied. The results showed that the size affected the magnetic properties of the FePt and FePd thin layers.
The Effect of Thermo Reactive Diffusion (TRD) Processing Time with Ferrochromium Powder on Carbide Layer Characteristics on SUJ 2 Tool Steel Substrate
Authors: Maulida Annida Jihan , Ariati Myrna
Published: November 2019

In this study, the formation of chromium carbide layer on SUJ 2 tool steel substrate as a surface treatment by thermo reactive diffusion process with pack cementation method was observed. The powder used are Al2O3, NH4CL, and FeCr as carbide forming elements with the composition of 37%, 3%, 60% for each. TRD process performed in rotating vacuum furnace for 4, 6, and 8 hours on 980°C. The results show time variation effects on the carbide layer. Thickenss carbide layer on SUJ2 after TRD process observed by Optical Microscope. The morphology of carbide layer observed with SEM shows a smooth and dense layer with almost no porosity formed. Cr23C6 and Cr7C3 found on the layer by XRD and hardness value obtained using Vickers microhardness testing for each samples are 1738.62, 1738.72, and 1739.64 HV. The wear rates are inversely proportional with the hardness value where the values are 0.000698, 0.000658, and 0.000627 mm3/m.
The Effect of Neodymium on the Solidification Process of Al-5Zn-0,5Cu Alloy Sacrificial Anode
Authors: Pratesa Yudha , Iqbal Adimas Habib , Ferdian Deni
Published: November 2019

The effect of the addition of neodymium rare earth on Al-5Zn-0.5Cu alloy was investigated with Optical Microscope (OM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Cyclic Polarization. The content variable of neodymium tested was 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, dan 0.5wt%. Observation with OM was conducted to see the changes of the SDAS and the precipitate formation. DSC was used to identify the phase transformation and solidification process of the intermetallic phase. Cyclic Polarization was used to know the corrosion characteristics of Al-5Zn-0.5Cu-xNd. The presence of neodymium formed precipitates on the grain boundary which made shorter SDAS. Addition of neodymium as an alloying element of Al-5Zn-0.5Cu sacrificial anode may decrease pitting corrosion resistance and reduce the size of the loop. This behavior will be more preferable for Al Anode because the indication of more uniform attack.
Characteristics of Products of Thermo Reactive Deposition Surface Treatment on JIS-SUJ2 Steel using Fe-Cr Coating Powder with Process Temperature Variation
Authors: Wiguna Muhammad Panji , Myrna Ariati
Published: November 2019

In this study the effect of temperature variation of the thermo-reactive deposition (TRD) process on carbide layer formation on SUJ2 steel substrates by pack cementation using Ferrochromium powder as carbide former was studied. This process was carried out on SUJ2 steel substrates at temperatures of 900, 980 and 1060 °C for 6 hours. The effect of temperature on layer thickness, homogenity and hardness was studied. Results show that the higher the temperature the thicker the layer formed on the substrate surfaces. Furthermore the XRD results show that the layer formed by this process is chromium carbide. The average microhardness of the layer for 3 process temperature variations is around 1750 HV while the wear rate is around 7 x 10−4 mm3/m.
Effect of Sodium Carbonate on the Reduction Process of Nickel Slag from Sulawesi
Authors: Setyabrata Arum Cahyanurani , Maksum Ahmad , Prasetyo Agus Budi , Priyono Bambang , Wahyuadi Soedarsono Johny
Published: November 2019

Nickel slag is one of the results of the nickel ore smelting process which is still a waste and has not been used optimally. Considering the amount of nickel slag waste in Indonesia, the effort to utilize it into a more valuable product becomes very important. Therefore, in order to extract the precious metal content in nickel slag, this study aims to analyze the effect of adding sodium carbonate in the reduction process of nickel slag. In this study, the reduction process is carried out using coal as a reducing agent, where the variation of the reduction temperature is 800, 900, and 1000°C; while the variation of the ratio between nickel slag and additives is 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. The XRD analysis results show that the temperature rise up to 1000 °C and the addition of sodium carbonate will increase the amount of sodium magnesiosilicate up to 29.4% and also hematite up to 25.1%. The same thing happened in samples with a ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 where the amount of sodium magnesiosilicate increased from 29.4% to 30.0% and hematite from 25.1% to 28.8%.
Effect of Sn-addition on the properties of the biomedical Ti-17Nb-6Ta alloy.
Authors: Keshtta Alaa , Gepreel Mohamed A.-H
Published: November 2019

The effect of Sn-addition (0, 1.5, and 3 Sn, at.%) to the biomedical Ti-17Nb-6Ta alloy has been investigated in this study. The three alloys were proved using XRD analysis to be β-type alloys. Microstructural analysis using optical microscope showed martensite lathes in all alloys and proved that Sn addition stabilized β phase and suppresses the martensite formation during quenching. Micro-hardness results showed a slight increase with 1.5% Sn adding but superior addition of Sn with 3% at. has negligible effect on the hardness compared to Sn-free alloy. The compressive yield stress for the three alloys located between 400 to 500 MPa, and the stain values increased with the increasing of Sn percentages in the TNT alloy.
Aerogel Based High Performance Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors: Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Mishra Rajesh , Militky Jiri , Kremenakova Dana , Michal Petru
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the thermal properties of polyester/polyethylene nonwoven thermal wraps of varying thicknesses treated with aerogel were analyzed and compared. The microscopic images were taken by confocal microscope and image analysis to compare the physical structure of the aerogel treated nonwoven fabrics. Thermal conductivity and thermal resistance were measured using FOX heat flow meter instrument. The water vapor resistance and thermal resistance were measured using sweating guarded hot plate (SGHP). These tests were conducted to understand and to compare the thermal properties and water vapor resistance of aerogel treated nonwoven fabrics. The results of the experiments were statistically analyzed and showed that the fabric density and the aerogel present in the fabric have a significant effect on thermal properties and water vapor resistance of the aerogel treated nonwoven fabrics.
Wood Plastic Composites from Waste Plastic Bags: Formula Optimization Using Extreme Vertices Mixture Design
Authors: Swasono Y A , Adhyati L , Ujianto O , Ramadhoni B , Wuryanti W
Published: November 2019

Waste plastic bags (WPB) from high density polyethylene (HDPE) have been reprocessed for many applications. However, it is limited to be used as wood plastic composites (WPC) for building applications as the decrease of mechanical properties. This research examined the optimal composition of WPB that can be added to WPC and complied with Indonesian Standard (SNI) 8154 – 2015. Samples were produced according to extreme vertices mixture design using twin screw extruder (TSE). The materials were WPB bounded in the range of 0 to 20 wt%, sawdust at 50 to 70 wt%, neat HDPE at 30 to 50 wt%, and HDPE grafting maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) at 0 to 10 wt%. The compositions were optimized to obtain desired flexural modulus and strength as required on SNI standard. The optimized formula was then reproduced and characterized to analyze its water content, density, swelling, and formaldehyde content. The results showed that the optimum formula was predicted at 3 wt% of WPB, 50 wt% of sawdust, 37 wt% of neat HDPE, and 10 wt% of PE-g-MA, giving 2111 MPa and 27.3 MPa of predicted values that above the minimum requirement for WPC material (2000 MPa for modulus, 20 MPa for strength). Meanwhile, the modulus and strength of verification sample were 2173 MPa and 25.7 MPa. Further analysis on the other properties showed 0.6 ± 0.1% of water content, 1.7 ± 1.4% of swelling, and 0.015 ± 0.000 mg/L of formaldehyde that lower than maximum specifications, and 1.13 ± 0.01 g/cm3 of density that above minimum the requirement.
Improving Performance of LiFePO4by addition of Carbon Nano Tube for Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Honggowiranto W , Kartini E , Sudaryanto  , Rofika R N S , Hutamaningtyas E , Subhan A , Sudjatno A
Published: November 2019

LiFePO4(LFP) cathode material has been synthesized with hydrothermal method. The reaction was done by reacting a mixture of FeSO4.7H2O, H3PO4, LiOH and CNT. In order to improve performance of LFP, the carbon nano tube (CNT) was added with the variation of 5, 10 and 15 mmol, before hydrothermal process. The material was stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes, and then autoclave was heated at 180°C for 6 hours then sintered at 700°C for 6 hours. The results were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The X-ray data shows that the crystal structure of synthesized LiFePO4has a group of Pmn with a space (olivine structure) which is in agreement with the LFP standard material. The addition of CNT does not change the crystal structure. This shows in SEM images that the crystallite size of LiFePO4particles does not have much effect on the composite. The battery cell performance was measured by Impedance Spectroscopy and charge/discharge Battery Analyzer BST-8. The EIS data, showed the decreasing of battery impedance total from LiFePO4material without CNT to addition of 5, 10 and 15 mmol CNT namely 214; 128.1; 88.6 and 70.1 Ω, and the specific capacity 0.1C are 38.78; 51.53; 106.84; 92.79 mAh/g, respectively. It is shown that the maximum specific capacity was obtained for LFP composite with the addition of 10mmol CNT. It can be concluded that the addition of CNT increases the conductivity and specific capacity, thus improving performance of lithium ion battery.
High Strength Flowable Alkali Activated Slag Concrete Mixes produced using industrial wastes
Authors: Manjunath R , Narasimhan Mattur C
Published: November 2019

A new class of High–Strength Flow ableAlkali activated Slag Concrete(HSFASC)mixes is developed using steel slag sand and EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) slag aggregates, respectively, as the fine and coarse aggregates. These mixes use the ground granulated blast furnace slag as the source material. Thus it is to be recognized that all the three materials used – GGBFS, slag sand and EAF slag aggregates are by-products of the Iron and Steel Industry, and are available in very large quantities demanding safe disposal. Different amounts of Sodium silicate solutions, with specified amounts of Sodium Hydroxide flakes dissolved in them, are used as alkaline solutions. Test specimens were cast using a total of nine HSFASC mixes, (based on Taguchi’s Method), each of which satisfied the relevant EFNARC guidelines with respect to their rheological properties. The test results indicate higher compressive strengths values for all the mixes tested herein. Microstructure studies are conducted on samples from the fractured surfaces of test specimens of different mixes, using advanced SEM, EDX and XRD analyses and the results are discussed.
Experimental Study on the Compressive Strength and Permeable Properties of GGBS Based Geopolymer Pervious Concrete
Authors: Malayali Anandh Babu , Chokkalingam Ramesh Babu , Vinay Singh M.
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with the experimental investigation on the mechanical, thermal and moisture properties of Ground Granular Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) based Geopolymer Pervious Concrete (GGPC) with different size of aggregates. The concentration of NaOH is maintained as 12 M throughout the study. Fine aggregate is completely eliminated in the mix proportion to maintain the pervious nature. Coarse aggregate size is varied in three sizes such as 6mm, 12mm, and 20mm to study the effect of aggregate on the properties of GGPC. The ratio between sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide is maintained as 2.5 throughout the study, and the liquid to solid ratio is maintained as 0.45. The results from the experiments revealed that the compressive strength is higher for the aggregate size 12 mm at the end of 28 days compared to other mixes. The Co-efficient of Permeability (k) is increased with respect to the increase in the aggregate size from 6 to 20 mm.
Performance Evaluation of Fly-ash based Self-compacting geopolymer concrete mixes
Authors: Manjunath R , Ranganath R.V
Published: November 2019

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop Fly ash based self- compacting geopolymer concrete mixes with varying volume of pastes using conventionally available river sand as fine aggregate and crushed granite chips as coarse aggregate. These mixes were developed usingFly ash as the only major source material in the production of SCC mixes. Different amounts of Sodium silicate solutions, with specified amounts of Sodium Hydroxide flakes dissolved in them, are used as alkaline solutions. The total of four mixes were developed with varying volume of pastes in the range of 0.40 – 0.52 (within an interval of 0.04). These mixes were evaluated for their flow ability characteristics as per the relevant EFNARC guidelines. Further the mixes were evaluated for their mechanical properties in terms of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and water absorption characteristics. Durability tests by means of subjecting to acidic and sulphate environments, along with their resistances to sustained elevated temperatures for a sustained period of 2 hours upto 800º C were carried out for all these mixes. The test results indicate better flow ability characteristics, along with their mechanical and durability properties.
Investigation on Water Level Regulation Using Floating Sensor and Arduino Uno
Authors: Susheel A. , Selvendran S.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a technique is implemented to regulate the water level in the overhead tank using mechanical sensor. The sensor senses the physical parameter (water level) and sends it as a different voltage level to Arduino Atmega328p. With the use of wide range of sensed data and Arduino process, different customized functionality has been performed. The functionalities include indicating the status of water level to the user and turning off the motor switch when the tank is full. Mechanical sensor is far better than Capacitive, Photo electric and Proximity sensors. It is more durable and cost effective also. Arduino Atmega328p enables various levels of control in regulation of water usage with the use of measured different physical parameter.
Phosphorus recovery as induced struvite from deep dewatered liquors using magnesium chloride as a magnesium source
Authors: Rashmi H R , Devatha C P
Published: November 2019

The phosphorus recoveries in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are in much demand as the price of phosphate rock are increased from the last decade. Due to the increase in pollution levels of the sewage sludge, it is difficult to use sewage sludge directly as fertilizers in agricultural fields. The present study aimed to work on the recovery of phosphorus from the deep dewatered liquors in a laboratory, batch test mode. Experiments were conducted to identify the initial characteristics of sludge and for recovery analysis, by varying the phosphorus and Magnesium (Mg:P) molar ratio. Characterization studies were performed by SEM and FTIR for confirmation of struvite formation. Results obtained revealed that recovery is 94% of the incoming phosphorus.
Experimental Investigation on Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using Waste Plastics and Different Mineral Admixtures
Authors: Prahallada M C , Naveenkumar D T , Sangeetha D M
Published: November 2019

Use of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is one of the ways of overcoming the low tensile strength of concrete. Both organic and inorganic fibers can be made use in the production of FRC. On the other hand, the use of waste plastic is causing a serious environmental pollution since the plastic don’t deteriorate. Such waste plastic can be reused in the form of fibres to produce waste plastic FRC. Further, flyash, microsilica and redmud are another industrial waste materials adding to environmental pollution. These waste materials are having cementatious properties and can be used along with waste plastic fibres in concrete to reduce their detrimental effect on mother earth. Therefore in this paper an attempt is made to assess the suitability of waste plastic FRC for construction purposes when different percentages of flyash, microsilica and redmud are introduced. Various strength properties such as Compression, Tension, Flexure and Impact are studied along with workability characteristics. Based on the obtained results the industrial wastes such as flyash, microsilica, redmud and also waste plastic fibres can be used in the production waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete composite material.
Performance of Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM) at different operating conditions in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell
Authors: Umap Vrushali M. , Ugwekar R. P.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, performance of Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM) has been studied. Effect of various parameters on current density and power density has been analysed. Observations has been depicted using polarisation as well as power curves. CCM always gives better performance as catalyst it has direct ionic contact with membrane. CCM manufactured by Paxitech fuel cells, France has been used to perform the experiment along with stack fabricated. It is prepared with catalyst coating of 0.5mgPt/cm2 by ultrasonic spray coating method. The SEM analysis has been carried out to study morphological characteristics of CCM. Out of other parameters, hydrogen humidification and air stoichiometry have good effect on CCM performance. Maximum current density obtained was 1.28A/cm2 with hydrogen humidification temperature as 550C. The performance has been analysed by polarization curve, Description of various parameters has been given in detail.
Effect of single spark micro-EDM on crater size of different alloys
Authors: Nadda R , Nirala C K
Published: November 2019

Owing to the fact of continuous discharges in RC circuit based μ-EDM process, it is indeed very difficult to analyse difficult-to-control single discharge pulse. This work is thus aimed to develop an innovative technique for generating single discharge in the process. An electrical circuit, parallel to the existing discharge circuit of μ-EDM, has been integrated in-house for the purpose and verified for its applicability over a wide range of metal alloys. For example, single crater diameters of approximately 7μm, 10μm and 18μm have been achieved for stainless steel, Inconel and brass respectively at minimum energy input. The single discharge generatorhas been developed expecting it would be helpful in gathering information such as volume removal by each discharge which will definitely lead to development of a robust thermal model for material removal in μ-EDM.
Simulation study and analysis of plant layout in tin container industry
Authors: Pattar Manohar V , Kulkarni Vinayak N , Gaitonde V N
Published: November 2019

The productivity of any manufacturing facility depends on how well various processes involved in the plant are interconnected. Plant layout comprises of various departments and within these departments, there are different processes which are interdependent on each other. Proper design of plant layout combines all different workstations under single frame so as to enhance the productivity. But several small scale industries utilize the same old traditional layout which was framed during their establishment and therefore as they grow eventually over the years, due to change in market trends or to meet increasing customer demand redesigning of plant layout plays vital role. Analysis of existing plant layout helps in identifying loophole areas and explores measures to eliminate bottlenecks present. The main aim of this study is to find out most optimal way of arranging various workstations in the existing facility that will satisfy the present day demand from the customers which substantially increases the production rate. This study has been carried out at a tin container manufacturing industry named as LVT containers situated in Hubballi, Karnataka, INDIA. Analysis was conducted using the ARENA simulation software and the results obtained from simulation experiment were the basis for proposing potential changes in the existing plant layout.
Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Al2O3&SiC Reinforced Aluminium Composites Fabricated via Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Natrayan L. , Santhosh M.S. , Mohanraj R. , Hariharan R.
Published: November 2019

Aluminium plays vital role in the fabrication of aerospace and defence structures due to its convincing properties like low density and chemical resistance through passivation phenomenon. Powder Metallurgy (PM) is acknowledged for its matrix structure control, proper reinforcement dispersion and matrix – particle bonding. The mechanical, tribological and metallurgical properties of aluminium mayremarkablyenhanced by the incorporation of ceramic materials. The intention of this study is to explore the influence of Sic and Al2O3 addition on the aluminium composites fabricated through PM technique. In this proposed work Al/Sic and Al/Al2O3metal matrix composites (MMC) were fabricated by PM with various weight percentages to compare its mechanical and tribological properties. The experimental results reveals that Al-Sic hybrid configuration shows better mechanical and tribological properties than Al-Al2O3 configuration. Similarly, both hybrid composites possess better performance than aluminium base Al 7075.
Applications of work study techniques for improving productivity at assembly workstation of valve manufacturing industry
Authors: Akkoni P R , Kulkarniand Vinayak N , Gaitonde V N
Published: November 2019

The work is carried to determine total cycle time to manufacture one gate valve assembly in valve manufacturing industry. Improvement in productivity can be achieved through more efficient use of capital investments, human resource, technological innovation and developments. The goal was to improve the productivity through more efficient use of capital and human resource. Plant layout is the arrangement of machines on shop floor. This arrangement of machines will have impact on total cycle time to produce finished product. The present study explains about the productivity improvement in the plant layout of Micon valve manufacturing industries which is one of the reputed industries in Dharwad, India . Data was collected about existing plant layout and about chain of flow of product, man or machine with help of flow process chart. This flow process chart was used to establish layout from the point of improving layout and to identify/decide the locations of different workstations. The results obtained from this research work indicated that in proposed method there was reduction in total cycle time of 73 minutes and the total distance travelled by 130meters, which lead to increase in productivity at the assembly line of valve manufacturing industry.
Design and fabrication of dental implant prototypes using additive manufacturing
Authors: Prakash Divya , Davis Rahul , Kumar Sharma Ashwani
Published: November 2019

Tissue engineering possesses some unique qualities which can help to treat different orthopedics diseases and problems caused by any trauma or accident. Additive manufacturing technology has gained ground in printing scaffolds and implants compatible in the biological system using biomaterials. These can be used in surgical planning and for satisfactory accuracy. A patient specific implant design can be manufactured by this technology. This research deals with the challenge of designing the dental implant using open source available applications and a commercial three-dimensional printer. A methodology has been described to attain the accurate design in the designing applications and in also their printing. The steps involved the conversion of CT or MRI Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) raw image data to a virtual 3D structure by Materialise Mimics 20.0. The 3D structure is meshed in the open source application via. Autodesk Meshmixer. Simplify 3D was used to transfer the data to be printed, to the 3D printer. The obtained prototypes of the dental implants were satisfactory in design and the same methodology can be used to build any dental implant with compatible biomaterial.
Comparing the Geometrical Accuracy of a 3D Printed Pattern to a Metal Pattern
Authors: Justus Panicker C.T. , Veera ajay C. , Boopathi C. , Vivekanandan R.
Published: November 2019

Rapid prototyping is a new field where the depths are still being analysed, this paper is in regards for applying the subject to the field of pattern making.The work also extends to the area of comparing the low cost rapid prototyping to that of a pattern producedby CNC in terms of the geometrical accuracy so as to check the usage of the 3Dprinting in the field of pattern making. Possible foreseen actions that could benefit the pattern making industry are that of cost reduction and the time to produce a work piece. The scope of the paper lies in terms of the accuracy and the surface roughness since these affect the quality of the product to be produced. Since the dimensional accuracy is an important factor while pattern making is used, critical dimension which including the taper at a lower distance and some angle is also used so that the best results would be obtained. The dimensions are also checked by using a coordinate measuring machine, vernier callipers and machine vision. Machine vision has been applied so as to check whether they provide a scope for replacement of the conventional technique of quality inspection in the pattern making industry.
Analyzing the cost drivers and process optimization in additive manufacturing
Authors: Pushparaj R.M. , Aravind Raj S. , Jayakrishna K. , Vezhavendhan R.
Published: November 2019

The cost involved in certain additive manufacturing processes is comparatively higher than traditional manufacturing. When the cost of additive manufacturing process is optimized, it will enable manufacturers to deploy the technology as an alternative for traditional manufacturing. Product life cycle analysis gives better understanding about the cost drivers in additive manufacturing. A better understanding of the cost drivers in additive manufacturing tends to optimize the parameters involved in the process. The difference in cost drivers can be compared before and after the implementation of cost optimization techniques by comparing the variation of cost drivers between standard and optimized production. In this study the cost drivers associated with additive manufacturing are analysed and optimized.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Silica fume and Pumice stone in Developing Light Weight Concrete
Authors: Meyyappan PL , Sutharsan R , AhamedAzik Ali M
Published: November 2019

The major challenge in the recent construction sector is to design the building with the cost effective manner. In order to address this issue, self weight of the structural member has to be reduced considerably, and then simultaneously the dimensions will be minimized. This will be only by means of introducing light weight concrete (LWC). Different light weight aggregates are used by the past researches to reduce the density. This study is planned to achieve the properties of LWC in considering the importance to enhance the strength factors. Hence, in this experimental investigation, the influence of the silica and pumice stone is studied on the various partial and full replacement levels. The specimens are casted based on the arrived mix proportion and tested against compression, split tension and flexure. The test result shows 0.6 to 0.7 times the strength achieved of the conventional concrete for this developed LWC mix proportion. A considerable improvement is seen in the strength parameters by the presence of 5 % silica fume.
A Review on Challenges and Techniques for Secondary Control of Microgrid
Authors: Singh Pranita , Paliwal Priyanka , Arya Anoop
Published: November 2019

Environmental concern, limited availability of fossil fuel and economic aspects have resulted in increasing interest in microgrid technology comprising of various renewable energy based distributed generators such as PV, wind, fuel cell and biomass. Microgrid provides various advantages such as higher combined heat and power efficiency, high reliability and lesser carbon emission and also reduction in technical losses. However, microgrid operation and control is associated with various challenges such as power quality issues, bidirectional power flow, voltage and frequency variations, coordinated operation of multiple distributed generators, stability, power management and economic operation. In this paper, a brief discussion on these challenges is presented. A classification of various control principles on the basis of their controller function, connection with grid and response time is also presented. The paper classifies and compares microgrid hierarchical control into three levels, i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary control. Also, a detailed discussion on various schemes of secondary centralized, decentralized and distributed control has been presented. Finally, an attempt has been made to identify research gaps in various control strategies.