bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stres Akademik pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas: Bagaimana Peran Regulasi Emosi dan Dukungan Sosial?
Authors: Lie Isaac , Matulessy Andik , Suhadianto Suhadianto
Published: February 2025

Stres akademik adalah tekanan mental yang ditandai dengan rasa frustasi secara sadar atau tidak sadar yang berhubungan dengan kegagalan. Stres akademik juga dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah tekanan mental yang berhubungan dengan perasaan-perasaan frustasi yang diantisipasi terkait dengan kegagalan akademik atau bahkan kesadaran akan kemungkinan kegagalan tersebut. Survei dilakukan pada tanggal 17 September 2024 dan beberapa pertanyaan terbuka kepada kepala tata usaha sekolah untuk menanyakan bagaimana kondisi siswa-siswi yang berada di sekolah tersebut. Banyak menjawab pertanyaan seperti mengapa siswa tidak dapat mengikuti pembelajaran dengan baik dan seringkali kenapa siswa mengalami faktor akademik, seperti beban tugas, tuntutan lingkungan, tuntutan diri sendiri, dan faktor bingung dalam memilih jurusan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara regulasi emosi dan dukungan sosial dengan stress akademik pada siswa sekolah menengah atas. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik korelasional. Data partisipan siswa sekolah menengah atas “X” Surabaya sebanyak 233 siswa. Instrumen yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan kuesioner sebagai pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa regulasi emosi tidak terdapat hubungan dengan stress akademik. Terdapat hubungan antara dukungan sosial yang dimiliki oleh siswa sekolah menengah atas “X” Surabaya termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, sehingga stress akademik juga semakin rendah. Dukungan sosial  yang  tinggi  membantu  memperbaiki  reaksi  seseorang  terhadap  sumber stres  yang dihadapi.
 Kata Kunci : (Dukungan sosial, , regulasi emosi, stres akademik, siswa,)
Forgiveness pada Dewasa Awal Pasca Putus Cinta: Bagaimana Peran Emotional Intelligence?
Authors: Putri Maharani Luvinda , Pratikto Herlan , Aristawati Akta Ririn
Published: February 2025

Putus cinta merupakan pengalaman emosional yang berat, terutama bagi individu yang berada pada tahap dewasa awal. Pada fase ini, individu sering kali merasakan emosi negatif yang akan mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan. Salah satu aspek penting dalam proses penyembuhan yaitu forgiveness. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan emotional intelligence dengan forgiveness pada dewasa awal yang pernah mengalami putus cinta melalui pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional. Partisipan yang digunakan sebanyak 200 responden dengan teknik Purposive Sampling. Skala forgiveness diukur mengacu teori McCoullough, Root, Cohen (2006) dan skala Emotional Intelligence mengacu teori Goleman (2007) yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti. Teknik analisis yang diaplikasikan melalui korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan postif dan signifikan antara emotional intelligence dengan forgiveness pada dewasa awal yang pernah mengalami putus cinta, artinya semakin tinggi emotional intelligence juga semakin tinggi forgiveness yang dimilikinya.
Mengatasi Quarter Life Crisis: Loneliness dan Religiusitas pada Mahasiswa Rantau
Authors: Fitriyanti Aida Nur , Efendy Mamang , Kusumandari Rahma
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara loneliness (kesepian) dan religiusitas dengan quarter life crisis pada mahasiswa rantau. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah pada hubungan antara loneliness dan religiusitas dengan quarter life crisis yang dialami individu. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan data yang dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 212 responden. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari skala quarter life crisis, loneliness, dan religiusitas. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa loneliness berhubungan negatif dengan quarter life crisis, yang berarti semakin tinggi tingkat kesepian, semakin rendah tingkat quarter life crisis yang dialami. Sebaliknya, religiusitas ditemukan memiliki hubungan positif dengan quarter life crisis, yang menunjukkan bahwa individu dengan tingkat religiusitas yang lebih tinggi cenderung mengalami quarter life crisis yang lebih besar. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memperdalam pemahaman mengenai dinamika yang terkait dengan quarter life crisis dan memberikan wawasan untuk pengembangan intervensi psikologis bagi individu yang mengalaminya.
Perilaku Prososial Online pada Generasi Z: Bagaimana Peranan Penalaran Moral?
Authors: Amanah Nur Izzah , Suroso Suroso , Arifiana Isrida Yul
Published: February 2025

Salah satu bentuk teknologi informasi yang berkembang pesat adalah media sosial. Di mana seiring berjalannya waktu, media sosial selain digunakan untuk berkomunikasi, mencari informasi, hiburan, sarana jual-beli online, personal branding, kini dapat digunakan untuk menolong seseorang secara online, hal ini disebut dengan perilaku prososial online. Prososial online sendiri dapat dipengaruhi salah satunya berhubungan dengan penalaran moral seseorang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah generasi Z yang berusia 18-24 tahun yang ada di Kota Surabaya dan melibatkan 123 responden dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode skala Likert, yaitu skala perilaku prososial online (Eisenberg Mussen, 1989), dan skala penalaran moral (Gerwitz, 1992). Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah spearman’s rho. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara penalaran moral dengan perilaku prososial online. Artinya di mana semakin tinggi penalaran moral seseorang, maka semakin sering seseorang melakukan prososial online.
Kata Kunci: Generasi Z; Penalaran moral; Perilaku prososial online
Kontrol Diri pada Mahasiswa: Bagaimana Peranan Fear of Missing Out dalam Penggunaan Rokok Elektrik?
Authors: Sari Nella Dinda , Arifiana Isrida Yul , Efendy Mamang
Published: February 2025

Media sosial mengubah cara individu berinteraksi dan membuat keputusan. Media sosial memengaruhi individu dengan mendorong perilaku meniru yang sedang populer dan memicu Fear of Missing Out. Fear of Missing Out dipengaruhi oleh kontrol diri seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kontrol diri dengan Fear of Missing Out pada mahasiswa yang menggunakan rokok elektrik di kota Surabaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan partisipan sebanyak 138 mahasiswa pengguna rokok elektrik di kota Surabaya. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala Fear of Missing Out teori dari Pzybylski, dkk (2013) dan skala kontrol diri teori dari Averill (1973). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis product moment dengan bantuan IBM SPSS 25 for Windows. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan mendapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara kontrol diri dengan Fear of Missing Out sebesar rxy = -0,560 pada p = 0,000 (p < 0,01). Artinya, semakin tinggi kontrol diri mahasiswa yang menggunakan rokok elektrik di kota Surabaya, maka semakin rendah pula Fear of Missing Out pada mahasiswa yang menggunakan rokok elektrik di kota Surabaya
Lingkungan Kerja dan Psychological Well-Being Pengemudi Ojek Online: Menelisik Peran Dukungan Emosional
Authors: Muhammad Fikhi Surya Abadi , Nainggolan Eben Ezer , Muslikah Etik Darul
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Online motorcycle taxi drivers face various challenges in their work, such as unstable income, poor road conditions, and high risk of accidents, which can affect their psychological well-being. This study aims to understand how the perception of the quality of the work environment affects the psychological well-being of online motorcycle taxi drivers with emotional support as a moderator. This study used a quantitative correlational design involving 300 online motorcycle taxi drivers. The data collection instrument in this study used a Likert scale consisting of a scale of perception of the quality of the work environment, a scale of psychological well-being, and a scale of emotional support. Data analysis was carried out using a moderation technique with the help of the jamovi application. The results showed that the perception of the quality of the work environment had a significant relationship with the psychological well-being of online motorcycle taxi drivers and emotional support was found to moderate the relationship between the two variables.
Keywords: emotional support; psychological well-being; perception of the quality of the work environment; online motorcycle taxi drivers.
 
Abstrak
Pengemudi ojek online menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam pekerjaan mereka, seperti pendapatan yang tidak stabil, kondisi jalan yang buruk, dan resiko kecelakaan yang tinggi, yang dapat memengaruhi psychological well-being mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana persepsi kualitas lingkungan kerja memengaruhi psychological well-being pengemudi ojek online dengan dukungan emosional sebagai moderator. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif korelasional dengan melibatkan 300 pengemudi ojek online. Instrumen pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert yang terdiri dari skala persepsi kualitas lingkungan kerja, skala psychological well-being, dan skala dukungan emosional. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik moderasi dengan bantuan aplikasi jamovi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi kualitas lingkungan kerja memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap psychological well-being pengemudi ojek online dan dukungan emosional ditemukan mampu memoderasi hubungan dari dua variabel tersebut.
Kata kunci: dukungan emosional; psychological well-being; persepsi kualitas lingkungan kerja; pengemudi ojek online.
Nomophobia pada Remaja: Bagaimana Peran Kepribadian Introvert dan Dukungan Sosial?
Authors: Hermawan Wahyu , Matulessy Andik , Pratitis Nindia
Published: February 2025

Nomophobia memberikan dampak negatif terutama pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara kepribadian introvert dan dukungan sosial terhadap kecenderungan Nomophobia di kalangan remaja. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode pengambilan data melalui kuesioner. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMPN 1 Tulangan dan SMP Al Islam Krian dengan total 211 subjek. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode korelasi Spearman-Brown. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara variabel kepribadian introvert dan Nomophobia menunjukan tidak adanya hubungan signifikan. Demikian pula, uji korelasi antara dukungan sosial dan Nomophobia menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan signifikan. Kesimpulannya, tidak terdapat hubungan antara kepribadian introvert maupun dukungan sosial jika dihubungkan dengan kecenderungan Nomophobia.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Evaluasi Karyawan Probation Menggunakan Metode AHP pada Monster Group Berbasis Java
Authors: Hayati Sri , Izzatillah Millati
Published: February 2025

Sistem pendukung keputusan (SPK) telah menjadi alat penting dalam membantu pengambilan keputusan kompleks dalam berbagai bidang. Salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan dalam SPK adalah Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) karena kemampuannya dalam mengatasi keragaman kriteria dan alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan menggunakan metode AHP berbasis Java. Sistem yang dikembangkan mampu mengakomodasi input kriteria dan alternatif dari pengguna, melakukan perhitungan bobot kriteria, serta menghasilkan rangking alternatif berdasarkan nilai hasil perhitungan. Implementasi dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan konsep pemrograman berorientasi objek dalam bahasa Java. Dengan adanya pengembangan sistem pendukung keputusan berbasis AHP menggunakan Java ini, diharapkan dapat memberi kemudahan bagi leader dalam menilai karyawan dan menghasilkan laporan untuk kepentingan manajer. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dapat menjadi landasan bagi penelitian lebih lanjut dalam mengoptimalkan implementasi AHP dalam lingkungan pemrograman Java.
Prototype Sistem Rekomendasi Pemilihan Produk Furniture dengan Pemodelan Content-Based Filtering
Authors: Sekar Lola , Hartanti Dwi , Sari Aprilisa Arum
Published: February 2025

Spandiv Digital Solutions merupakan sebuah startup yang bergerak dibidang creative dan digital agency dengan produknya berupa jasa dan produk digital. Yang memiliki beberapa client salah satunya, PT. Global Furnika Mandiri yaitu sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak pada bidang manufaktur furniture, interior, dan contractor. Adapun beberapa client ternama di luar negeri seperti, Bvlgari Hotel, Aston Hotel Group, Accor Hotel Group, dan Singapore Airlines Hotel. Perusahaan tersebut telah memiliki e-commerce dan beberapa platform penjualan online lainnya untuk menawarkan berbagai manufaktur yang tersedia. Adanya informasi yang kurang spesifik pada e-commerce menyebabkan konsumen tidak memperoleh informasi sesuai preferensi mereka. Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkannya sistem rekomendasi yang dapat memudahkan para konsumen dalam pemilihan produk furniture sesuai dengan preferensi mereka. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menerapkan pemodelan Content-Based Filtering pada Sistem Rekomendasi Pemilihan Produk Furniture guna meningkatkan kualitas kenyamanan terhadap pemilihan pengguna, meningkatkan retensi pelanggan, dan meningkatkan konversi penjualan pada perusahaan. Dalam sistem rekomendasi ini terdapat beberapa atribut untuk produk furniture diantaranya nama produk, material, warna, dan harga. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan terdapat 22 data sampel yang menghasilkan 15 rekomendasi produk furniture berdasarkan hasil pengolahan nilai similarity tertinggi antara keywords pada item representation dan user profile.
Implementasi Lightgbm dan LLM Gemini pada Website Psychobot untuk Analisis Emosi Saat Bersosial Media
Authors: Fadillah Danang Hapis , Octavian Muhammad Rafli , Marwadin Azis , Dhany Muhammad Rahmat , Sari Damara Kartika , Muthiah Elza Kayla , Pengestu Trian Radis , Saputra Dimas Di Ajeng Duwi , Primawati Alusyanti
Published: February 2025

Dalam lanskap digital yang secara eksponensial meningkat, pemahaman emosi pengguna dalam bersosial media menjadi krusial bagi pengembangan platform interaksi yang empathis. Penelitian ini mempersembahkan sebuah inovasi integratif, menggabungkan kekuatan LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) dengan kecerdasan LLM (Large Language Model) Gemini dalam kerangka website Psychobot. Inovasi ini bertujuan untuk mengurai kompleksitas emosi manusia saat berinteraksi di media sosial, sebuah tantangan yang seringkali diasosiasikan dengan ketidakseimbangan data (imbalanced data). Strategi ini diperkuat dengan implementasi SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique), sebuah teknik canggih untuk mengatasi hambatan klasik tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja yang sangat mengesankan, dengan f1-score dan akurasi yang mencapai 99%. Integrasi ini tidak hanya menunjukkan potensi besar dalam meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna melalui responsivitas emosi, tetapi juga membuka peluang lebih luas dalam pengembangan aplikasi psikoteknologi yang lebih sensitif. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi substansial pada bidang analisis emosi, menyoroti kemampuan sinergis dari pemodelan machine learning mutakhir dan kearifan bahasa dalam mengungkap dinamika emosi digital.
Klasifikasi dan Deteksi Penyakit Kulit Melalui Pengolahan Citra dengan Metode CNN
Authors: Wona Maria Misela A. , Rahayu Wanti , Wirantasa Umar
Published: February 2025

Penanganan penyakit kulit menjadi sangat penting karena dampaknya yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup individu secara keseluruhan. Penyakit kulit dapat menyebabkan rasa gatal, peradangan, iritasi, dan bahkan infeksi jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Beberapa penyakit kulit seperti psoriasis, eksim, dan dermatitis atopik dapat menjadi kronis dan memerlukan perawatan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem klasifikasi dan deteksi penyakit kulit menggunakan metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data citra penyakit kulit dari berbagai sumber, preprocessing data untuk meningkatkan kualitas citra, dan pembentukan model CNN untuk klasifikasi dan deteksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model CNN mampu mencapai tingkat akurasi yang tinggi dalam mengklasifikasikan jenis penyakit kulit dan mendeteksi gejala penyakit kulit dari citra kulit yang diberikan. Sistem yang dikembangkan mampu membantu dalam diagnosis dini dan pengenalan jenis penyakit kulit, sehingga dapat memberikan dukungan bagi tenaga medis dalam pengambilan keputusan medis. Dalam simpulan penelitian ini, metode Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) telah terbukti efektif dan efisien dalam klasifikasi dan deteksi penyakit kulit melalui pengolahan citra.
How do kinematic and visual cues influence cyclist overtaking? A comparison of test environments
Authors: Rasch Alexander , Thalya Prateek , Sandin Jesper , Dozza Marco
Published: February 2025

Artificial test environments have become indispensable for modeling human behavior in traffic because they provide more control of experimental factors and fewer ethical concerns than a real traffic environment. These advantages are particularly critical for research on interactions involving vulnerable road users such as cyclists and drivers of motorized vehicles. However, previous research comparing test environments has predominantly focused on car-to-car interaction scenarios. This study investigated a cyclist-overtaking scenario in three different environments: a driving simulator (SIM: N = 25), a test track (TT: N = 18), and a hybrid “driver-vehicle-in-the-loop” environment (DVIL: N = 33) in which the participants drove a real vehicle on a test track while wearing a virtual-reality headset, so they could only see the virtual environment. Overall, the results verified that the direction of the main factors affecting overtaking strategy and performance was similar across all environments. In presence of a close oncoming vehicle, drivers in all environments preferred the more cautious accelerative (waiting behind the cyclist) over flying (passing the cyclist while facing the oncoming vehicle) overtaking strategy, and this effect was strongest in SIM. Metrics related to safety margins to the cyclist followed a similar trend in all environments in the presence of oncoming traffic; however, the TT environment had the smallest overall safety margins, suggesting that virtual visual cues induce safer behavior. Because overtaking maneuvers depend on depth estimation, the visual resolution of the virtual environment may be more important than the environment itself in explaining the results.
One More Constrained Than The Other: Beliefs of Left-Wing Partisans Are More Ideologically Aligned
Authors: Cely Tadeas
Published: February 2025

This study examines the ideological alignment of beliefs within opposing partisan camps in Europe. Integrating multiple types of research, I hypothesize that partisans on the ideological left exhibit greater alignment in their beliefs compared to those on the right—an asymmetry that extends across various issues. I argue that on the scale of ideological contention, it matters if partisans on one ideological pole are more aligned in beliefs than those on the other. Only the less ideological of opposing camps determines the extent of mutual disagreement. Utilizing conventional methods and innovative belief network modeling, I analyze survey data from the fourth and eighth waves of the European Social Survey (2008, 2016). To test the hypothesis, I match partisans with the data on their party's ideology, covering partisans from 131 parties in 15 European countries to test this hypothesis. My findings reveal that, both at the European level and within national contexts, there is a broad and substantive asymmetry between the right and the left across ideological dimensions and issues. However, the study also uncovers the limits of this asymmetry, highlighting a significant shift in ideological alignment on sociocultural issues on the right, indicating the emergence of a deeper, broader ideological conflict in that dimension. Furthermore, my analysis demonstrates the marginal influence of strategies like position blurring and programmatic nicheness. These insights shed light on the nature of partisan contention in Europe and how it disproportionately depends on ideological alignment on the right.
Hard determinism
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: February 2025

My ideas regarding hard determinism.
Astrophysical jets - Escaping the Black hole. Gravity as a collimator and energy pump
Authors: Andersson P D Krug
Published: February 2025

We derive through a thought experiment, for primarily black hole (BH) jets, a model for how electrons could escape the BH in various forms. Thresholds for emission are suggested, how it affects the escape velocity of the jets, composition and interpretation at the event horizon. Quantum Theory and General Relativity are combined through the photoelectric effect; gravitational acceleration from the mass of the BH causes blue shifted extremely high frequency/energy photons for an isolated BH, contributing to the loss of BH mass, corresponding to changes in general relativity and Stephen Hawkings predictions. Spin, charge, intensity by surface area and surface gravity are interlinked, also affected by the mass, resulting in the output radiation seen. We suggest interaction at an area around the Cauchy Horizon, which particles may tunnel to from a more central region, essentially separating from the BH. By finding the Fine Structure Constant 1/137, it suggests the number represents an extremal Planck BH. Theoretically, localised BH extremal areas may commonly form in nature at astronomical scales rather than fully, jets as one example. Whereas, at Planck scale or below, fully may be common and perhaps be part of quantum fluctuations. The theory suggests that the outward force generated by gravity through the photoelectric effect, paradoxically, may continuously prevent further collapse of BH and, by extension, the formation of a singularity. We may use the theory to explain why free neutrons decay, and at seemingly different time scales, while the proton is stable
Manipulation Tests in Regression Discontinuity Design: The Need for Equivalence Testing
Authors: Fitzgerald Jack
Published: February 2025

Researchers applying regression discontinuity design (RDD) often test for endogenous running variable (RV) manipulation around treatment cutoffs, but misinterpret statistically insignificant RV manipulation as evidence of negligible RV manipulation. I introduce novel procedures that can provide statistically significant evidence that RV manipulation around a cutoff is bounded beneath practically negligible levels. The procedures augment classic RV density tests with an equivalence testing framework, along with bootstrap methods for (cluster-)robust inference. I apply these procedures to replication data from 36 RDD publications, conducting 45 equivalence-based RV manipulation tests. Over 44% of RV density discontinuities at the cutoff cannot be significantly bounded beneath a 50% upward jump. Obtaining equivalence testing failure rates beneath 5% requires arguing that a 350% upward RV density jump at the cutoff is practically equal to zero. My results imply that meaningful RV manipulation around treatment cutoffs cannot be ruled out in many published RDD papers, and that standard tests frequently misclassify the practical significance of RV manipulation. I provide research guidelines and help researchers conduct more credible equivalence-based manipulation testing in future RDD research. The lddtest estimation routine is available in R, Stata, and Python.
Identifying the Impact of Hypothetical Stakes on Experimental Outcomes and Treatment Effects
Authors: Fitzgerald Jack
Published: February 2025

Recent studies showing that some outcome variables do not statistically significantly differ between real-stakes and hypothetical-stakes conditions have raised methodological challenges to experimental economics' disciplinary norm that experimental choices should be incentivized with real stakes. I show that the hypothetical bias measures estimated in these studies do not econometrically identify the hypothetical biases that matter in most modern experiments. Specifically, traditional hypothetical bias measures are fully informative in 'elicitation experiments' where the researcher is uninterested in treatment effects (TEs). However, in 'intervention experiments' where TEs are of interest, traditional hypothetical bias measures are uninformative; real stakes matter if and only if TEs differ between stakes conditions. I demonstrate that traditional hypothetical bias measures are often misleading estimates of hypothetical bias for intervention experiments, both econometrically and through re-analyses of three recent hypothetical bias experiments. The fact that a given experimental outcome does not statistically significantly differ on average between stakes conditions does not imply that all TEs on that outcome are unaffected by hypothetical stakes. Therefore, the recent hypothetical bias literature does not justify abandoning real stakes in most modern experiments. Maintaining norms that favor completely or probabilistically providing real stakes for experimental choices is useful for ensuring externally valid TEs in experimental economics.
Most Landfill Methane Emissions Escape Detection in EPA21 Surface Emission Monitoring Surveys
Authors: Omidi Athar , Bourlon Evelise , khaleghi afshan , Tarakki nadia , Martino Rebecca , Stuart Jordan , Risk David
Published: February 2025

We measured emissions from ten landfills using mobile surveys and Surface Emission Monitoring (SEM) to determine what fraction of emissions that be identified by SEM surveys. Using mobile methane measurements and a back-trajectory attribution and rate estimation method, we measured overall site emissions and those of individual landfill components (active face, closed cells, leachate, etc). We evaluated each component’s contribution to the total emissions and compared how much of emissions captured by mobile surveys could be covered by the walking SEM survey. We found that SEM was effective for closed sites, achieving on-average 67% rate coverage. However, SEM missed relevant emission sources at open landfill sites, most notably from the active face, reducing its rate percent coverage to 17% or. The limited rate coverage of SEM suggests that using SEM alone is insufficient for measurement-informed management of total landfill emissions. We recommend that SEM be augmented by other methods to fill monitoring gaps and provide a more comprehensive assessment of landfill methane emissions.
The $b$ value as a strain meter: a comparison of the 1982-1984 and 2005-2024 volcanic unrest at Campi Flegrei - Italy
Authors: Convertito Vincenzo , Godano Cataldo , Petrillo Giuseppe , Tramelli Anna
Published: February 2025

The Campi Flegrei caldera has experienced several episodes of volcanic unrest during the last few centuries, most notably in 1982-1984 and 2005-present. These periods of unrest are characterized by ground uplift, seismic swarms, and increased degassing. In this study, we compare the seismicity and associated $b$ value variations during the 1982-1984 and 2005-2024 unrest periods. The $b$ value is calculated using the novel $b$ more positive method, which improves upon traditional approaches by analyzing the magnitude difference between successive earthquakes, without the need to estimate the completeness magnitude. Our results show significant differences in the spatial and temporal evolution of $b$ values between the two unrest periods. In particular, the 2005-2024 unrest exhibits a slower ground uplift rate but higher fluctuations in the $b$ value, especially in shallower seismicity, possibly suggesting different underlying mechanisms compared to the 1982-1984 crisis. We also observe distinct regions of increased stress, particularly beneath Pozzuoli harbor and Pisciarelli area for deeper seismicity, during the ongoing unrest. Our findings provide valuable insights into the evolution of Campi Flegrei volcanic systems and highlight the importance of continuous monitoring of the $b$ value as a potential strain meter for describing volcanic activity.
How to design a zero-degradation battery
Authors: Rawat Sunil Kumar , Marinescu Monica , James Offer Gregory , E. J. O'Kane Simon , Li Ruihe
Published: February 2025

Loss of lithium inventory (LLI) caused by side reactions in lithium-ion cells is one of the major reasons behind their capacity fade and shorter cycle life. Research in academia and industry has explored additives such as Lithium Iron oxide (Li₅FeO₄) in LFP-based battery chemistries that sacrifice their lithium inventory to compensate for LLI.  Over the last ~15 years, research has proven that LFO can compensate for LLI and help maintain stable cell performance, and more recently, CATL & Rimac announced its commercial-level usage claiming to have achieved zero degradation for extended periods. However, the specifics behind achieving such excellent performance are neither fully disclosed by them nor much explored in the literature.
This work advances and broadens the existing theoretical understanding of employing sacrificing agents and demonstrates how exactly LFO can be employed in commercial large LFP cells with LFP/LFO positive electrode (PE) and Graphite negative electrode (NE) using simulations run by building a full-cell physics-based model in PyBaMM. The work digs deeper into the science behind releasing lithium inventory from LFO, and its impact on cell degradation, discharge capacity, and cell life. The work also attempts to find the optimal methods to control lithium release from LFO and the optimum weight fraction of LFO to minimize cell degradation and achieve long-lasting, zero-degradation batteries.  Model results reveal that the slow lithium release maintains the cell balancing and keeps the degradation rates of SEI formation and lithium plating under control, while rapid lithium release and excessive LFO content can accelerate their degradation rates resulting in faster pore-clogging in the NE and lower cycle life. This work shows that merely adding lithium-rich additives does not promise high-performance batteries; instead depends on using them in optimal amounts and ensuring the controlled release of lithium inventory through appropriate control methods
SSRI Use is not Associated with the Intensity of Romantic Love, Obsessive Thinking About a Loved One, Commitment, or Sexual Frequency in a Sample of Young Adults Experiencing Romantic Love
Authors: Bode Adam , Kowal Marta , Aghedu Fabio Cannas , Kavanagh Phillip Sean
Published: February 2025

For more than 15 years, researchers have speculated that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use is associated with negative romantic love outcomes. No one has empirically investigated this, however. Drawing on 810 participants from the Romantic Love Survey 2022, we used binary logistic regression to identify differences between young adults experiencing romantic love who were and were not taking SSRIs. Predictor variables were biological sex, mental health problems, intensity of romantic love, obsessive thinking about a loved one, commitment, and frequency of sex. Only biological sex and mental health problems were associated with SSRI use. None of our romantic love variables were associated with SSRI use. This is the first evidence to demonstrate that SSRI use is not associated with some features of romantic love in a sample of young adults experiencing romantic love. The findings have implications for clinical practice and can be used to allay some concerns among individuals considering commencing SSRIs for common mental health problems.
Comprehensive exploration of visual working memory mechanisms using largescale behavioral experiment
Authors: Huang Liqiang
Published: February 2025

Two decades of research on visual working memory have produced substantial yet fragmented knowledge. This study aims to integrate these findings into a cohesive framework. Drawing on a large-scale behavioral experiment involving 40 million responses to 10,000 color patterns, a quasi-comprehensive exploration model of visual working memory, termed QCE-VWM, is developed. Despite its significantly reduced complexity (57 parameters versus 30,796), QCE-VWM outperforms neural networks in data fitting. The model provides an integrative framework for understanding human visual working memory, incorporating a dozen mechanisms—some directly adopted from previous studies, some modified, and others newly identified. This work underscores the value of large-scale behavioral experiments in advancing comprehensive models of cognitive mechanisms.
Can you see an emotion?: Emotional evaluation of contextless visual stimuli in Virtual Reality
Authors: Pinilla Andres , Garcia Jaime , Raffe William , Voigt-Antons Jan-Niklas , Möller Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Previous studies support the existence of objective emotional visual cues. Forinstance, red and blue are usually associated with high and low arousal, respec-tively. A similar phenomenon has been observed with other colors, as well astextures, shapes, and motion patterns. Yet, it is not clear to which extent thisphenomenon can be extrapolated to Virtual Reality (VR) stimuli. Therefore, thismanuscript presents an experiment where five virtual environments were evalu-ated by 21 participants in terms of valence and arousal. The design of the virtualenvironments was informed by evidence found in previous studies. Each environ-ment represents one of the four quadrants of the Circumplex Model of Affect, plusa neutral environment. The results suggest that the emotions associated with thevirtual environments are consistent with the evidence used to inform the designprocess. Individual differences across participants do not seem to influence theevaluation of the visual cues.
Cause and burn in development
Authors: Rose David , Zhang Siying , Nichols Shaun , Markman Ellen , Gerstenberg Tobias
Published: February 2025

A fundamental way to reason about causation is in terms of direct contact, like billiard balls colliding. Although collision-like causes have played an important role in philosophical and psychological theories of causation, humans conceptualize many events that lack direct contact as causes. If Andy hits Suzy with his bike, Suzy falls into a fence and it breaks, Andy is a cause of the fence breaking. We also treat absences as causes. If Suzy forgets sunscreen and gets sunburned, the absence of sunscreen is a cause. Moreover, there are linguistic distinctions between verbs that refer to these: Andy “caused” the fence to break but Suzy “broke” it. The absence of sunscreen “caused” Suzy’s sunburn, but the sun “burned” it. We explored how children develop these mappings, focusing on “cause” and verbs like “burn”. Because “make” is more frequent than “cause”, we included it too. We tested 690 children and 150 adults. Experiment 1 examined causal chains. Children as young as 4 thought Andy “caused” the fence to break, but Suzy “broke” it and “made” it break. Experiment 2 examined causation by absence. Only older children thought the absence of sunscreen “caused” the sunburn. Yet in Experiment 3, even 4-year-olds cited absences in explaining Suzy’s sunburn. Despite rarely hearing “cause”, young children understand it and verbs like “break” to mark subtle distinctions between causes: “break” refers to direct causes; “cause” to indirect causes in chains. Absences are more challenging, but children refer to them in causal explanations before mapping “cause” to them.
Predicting the performance of Facebook advertisements about climate change using self-report data
Authors: Goldberg Matthew H. , Remshard Miriam , Commerçon Francis Alexander , Ozaksut Jon , Lee Sanguk , Rosenthal Seth A. , Leiserowitz Anthony
Published: February 2025

Social media has become an important medium for climate change communication, where sponsored content can be delivered to specific audiences. However, studying message effects on social media platforms has limitations and therefore scholars often rely on surveys and controlled experiments, which can lack external validity. Here, we use survey methods to predict the real-world performance of advertisements on Facebook. We found that a 10 percentage point increase in self-reported likelihood of sharing a post predicted 55% more actual shares, and a 10 percentage point increase in perceptions that the post would be interesting to others predicted 86% more shares. We also found a U-shaped relationship between people’s emotional reactions to the posts and the number of shares, such that emotionally-neutral posts were shared less often than posts that elicited either a strongly positive or negative emotional response. We then discuss the strategic and practical applications of these findings.
The Hunt for the Last Relevant Paper: Blending the best of humans and AI
Authors: van de Schoot Rens , Coimbra Bruno Messina , Evenhuis Tale , Lombaers Peter , Weijdema Felix , de Bruin Laurens , Neeleman Rutger Chris , Grandfield Elizabeth M. , Sijbrandij Marit , Teijema Jelle Jasper , Jalsovec Elena , Bron Michiel Pieter , Winter Sonja , de Bruin Jonathan , van Zuiden Mirjam
Published: February 2025

The rapid expansion of research literature makes capturing all relevant studies for systematic reviews and meta-analyses increasingly challenging. Traditional search methods are time-intensive and heavily reliant on manual screening, yet more modern machine-aided strategies may also miss certain studies. This paper explores a collaborative, open-source approach for blending both approaches to identify all relevant literature up to the “last relevant paper” for a systematic review of post-traumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories. We compared the results from eight search strategies, including conventional database searches, snowballing, full-text searches via the Dimensions database, and machine-aided methods of semantic vectorization with cosine similarity matching via the OpenAlex database. Thereafter, we combined human screening efforts with active learning–aided screening plus a large language model (LLMs) based quality check. In total, 3.822 records were added on top of the 6.701 records identified with replicating the initial search. Machine-aided methods found papers overlooked by traditional techniques—particularly papers missing conventional keywords, published in unindexed journals, or featuring unconventional phrasing. The human-AI screening approach resulted in 127 relevant studies. Active learning and LLMs were used to increase the quality of the labels, with both methods adding relevant papers overlooked by the human screeners. In conclusion, our findings also make it evident that even with exhaustive effort and sophisticated technologies, there remains the possibility that certain papers will still be missed. The evolving nature of academic publishing, varying terminologies, and publication delays mean that the pursuit of the "last relevant paper" is inherently a never-ending process.
The effects of conceptual priming on children’s social categorization across age and race
Authors: Lei Ryan F , Reid Grace , Kinsler Brandon , Faber Naomi
Published: February 2025

Social categorization helps children navigate the world but whether priming category-relevant traits influences children’s ability to do this automatically is unknown. In a sample of racially diverse children (N=223; Mage=7.24, SDage=2.51; 132 girls; 42.6% White; 43.05% racially minoritized), we examined whether top-down conceptual priming with gender-relevant, race-relevant, or neutral words influenced the speed of gender categorizations. Priming social category knowledge slowed categorization before 7.67 years (d=0.04) but children’s racial identity moderated the effects of top-down information and bottom-up features on efficiency. White children were influenced both by priming and bottom-up features (d=-0.03), but racially minoritized children categorized based on bottom-up features alone, (d=0.07).
The impact of action descriptions on attribution of moral responsibility towards robots
Authors: O'Reilly Ziggy , Marchesi Serena , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

In the era of renewed fascination with AI and robotics, one needs to address questions related to their societal impact, particularly in terms of moral responsibility and intentionality. In seven vignette-based experiments we investigated whether the consequences of a robot or human’s actions, influenced participant’s intentionality and moral responsibility ratings. For the robot, when the vignettes contained mentalistic descriptions, moral responsibility ratings were higher for negative action consequences than positive action consequences, however, there was no difference in intentionality ratings. Whereas, for the human, both moral responsibility and intentionality ratings were higher for negative action consequences. Once the mentalistic descriptions were removed from the vignettes and the moral responsibility question was clarified, we found a reversed asymmetry. For both robots and humans, participants attributed more intentionality and praise, for positive action consequences than negative action consequences. We suggest that this reversal could be due to people defaulting to charitable explanations, when explicit references to culpable mental states are removed from the vignettes.
How Do Positive and Negative Shocks Jointly Shape Educational and Labor Market Outcomes? The Case of Education Reforms in Vietnam
Authors: Wu Hanbo
Published: February 2025

Current research on education reform has focused chiefly on positive shocks that intend to equalize educational opportunity, while negative shocks that impede school access have rarely been investigated. What would happen to someone exposed simultaneously to both types of shocks? I tackle this question in the context of Vietnam, where a universal primary education reform (a positive shock) and an introduction of tuition fee for secondary education (a negative shock) took place almost at the same time but affected different cohorts. I find that the negative shock decreased individual years of schooling, whereas the positive shock increased it. The beneficial effect of the positive shock outstrips the adverse effect of the negative shock, resulting in an overall improvement in educational attainment for those exposed to both shocks. The favorable joint effect on schooling is more pronounced for socioeconomically disadvantaged rural residents, women, and ethnic minorities. Educational assortative mating, intergenerational persistence of education, and labor market outcomes are also examined in this article.
Inequality in measuring scholarly success: Variation in the h-index within and between disciplines
Authors: Light Ryan , Gullickson Aaron , Harrison Jill Ann
Published: February 2025

Scholars and university administrators have a vested interest in building equitablevaluation systems of academic work for both practical (e.g., resource distribution) andmore lofty purposes (e.g., what constitutes “good” research). Well-establishedinequalities in science pose a difficult challenge to those interested in constructing aparsimonious and fair method for valuation as stratification occurs within academicdisciplines, but also between them. The h-index, a popular research metric, has beenformally used as one such method of valuation. In this article, we use the case of theh-index to examine how the distribution of research metrics reveal within and betweendiscipline inequalities. Using bibliometric data from 1960-2019 on over 50,000 highperforming scientists - the top 2% most frequently cited authors - across 174 disciplines,we construct random effects within-between models predicting the h-index. Resultssuggest significant within-discipline variation in several forms, specificallysole-authorship and female penalties. Results also show that a sole authorship penaltyplays a significant role in well-known between-discipline variation. Field-specific modelsemphasize the “apples-to-oranges,” or incommensurable, property of cross-disciplinecomparison with significant heterogeneity in sole-authorship and female penalties withinfields. Conclusions include continued caution when using the h-index or similar metricsfor valuation purposes.
Retrospective Analysis of Individuals with at least Two Years Outside Working Life - Finnish Population-Based Study
Authors: Kärkkäinen Sanna , Laaksonen Jukka , Mesiäislehto Merita , Saikku Peppi
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge on service and benefits use behind long-term unemployment. In this study, we identify different pathways behind long-term unemployment utilising information on previous labour market position. Further, we analyse differences in health care and social benefits use based on these pathways. This study aims to produce knowledge useful for early identification and supportive actions for those outside of labour market or in risk of such. MethodsAmong Finnish working age population, individuals who had been mainly unemployed in years 2020 and 2021 and had information on their labour market position for years 2013-2021 were identified (n = 72,485). For the analysis, register information from Statistics Finland, the Social Insurance Institution of Finland and Finnish Institute for Welfare and Health was used. To identify diverse pathways based on previous labour market position, sequence analysis was conducted. Linear regression models were used to analyse cluster differences in health care and social benefits use while controlling for potential confounders age, sex, education, living situation, migrant background and low income. ResultsFive clusters were identified based on previous labour market position: unemployed (54%), students (3%), employed (23%), inactive (10%) and individuals with unstable working career (10%). Health care attendance was most frequent among those inactive and unemployed. These clusters had also highest share of those with mental and musculoskeletal disorders and were most with sickness absence and with basic social assistance. In these associations between health care and benefits use and clusters, confounding due to sociodemographic factors seems to play a minor role apart from students, with whom we saw decreased risk of mental health diagnoses compared to unemployment when confounding due to age and sex was taken into account. Income differences between clusters were large in beginning of the observation years. In the end of the observation time, unemployed, inactive and students were at similar level of income while those in employment and those returned to unemployment had higher earnings.ConclusionsPrevious labour market position should be considered while planning preventive efforts and developing individual multisectoral services and social security for those in risk of labour market marginalisation.