bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex-dependent metabolic remodeling of kidneys revealed by arteriovenous metabolomics
Authors: Kelly Miranda E. , Hoffner Lauren A. , Ramirez Cuauhtemoc B. , Anica Alexis L. , Kim Joohwan , Tong Gregory , Kim Yeojin , Choi Wonsuk , Jang Kihong , Alam Yasmine H. , Jung Sunhee , Le Johnny , Tamburini Ian , Lopez Miranda L. , Bae Hosung , Chun Yujin , Song Won-Suk , Martinez Thomas F. , Jang Cholsoon , Lee Gina
Published: September 2024

Sex is a fundamental biological variable important in biomedical research, drug development, clinical trials, and prevention approaches. Among many organs, kidneys are known to exhibit remarkable structural, histological, and pathological differences between sexes. However, whether and how kidneys display distinct metabolic activities between sexes is poorly understood. By developing kidney-specific arteriovenous (AV) metabolomics combined with transcriptomics, we report striking sex differences in both basal metabolic activities and adaptive metabolic remodeling of kidneys after a fat-enriched ketogenic diet (KD), a regimen known to mitigate kidney diseases and improve immunotherapy for renal cancer. At the basal state, female kidneys show highly accumulated aldosterone and various acylcarnitines. In response to the KD, aldosterone levels remain high selectively in females but the sex difference in acylcarnitines disappears. AV data revealed that, under KD, female kidneys avidly take up circulating fatty acids and release 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) whereas male kidneys barely absorb fatty acids but consistently take up 3-HB. Although both male and female kidneys take up gluconeogenic substrates such as glycerol, glutamine and lactate, only female kidneys exhibit net glucose release. Kidney transcriptomics data incompletely predict these sex differences, suggesting post-transcriptional/translational regulation mechanisms. This study provides foundational insights into the sex-dependent and diet-elicited metabolic flexibility of the kidneys in vivo, serving as a unique resource for understanding variable disease prevalence and drug responses between male and female kidneys.
Genetic variation in phenology of wildArabidopsis thalianaplants
Authors: DeLeo Victoria L. , Des Marais David L. , Juenger Thomas E. , Lasky Jesse R.
Published: September 2024

Phenology and the timing of development are often under selection, but at the same time influence selection on other traits by controlling how traits are expressed across seasons. Plants often exhibit high natural genetic variation in phenology when grown in controlled environments, and many genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying phenology have been dissected. There remains considerable diversity of germination and flowering time within populations in the wild and the contribution of genetics to phenological variation of wild plants is largely unknown. We obtained collection dates of naturally inbredArabidopsis thalianaaccessions from nature and compared them to experimental data on the descendant inbred lines that we synthesized from two new and 155 published controlled experiments. We tested whether the genetic variation in flowering and germination timing from experiments predicted the phenology of the same inbred lines in nature. We found that genetic variation in phenology from controlled experiments significantly, but weakly, predicts day of collection from the wild, even when measuring collection date with accumulated photothermal units. We found that experimental flowering time breeding values were correlated to wild flowering time at location of origin estimated from herbarium collections. However, local variation in collection dates within a region was not explained by genetic variation in experiments, suggesting high plasticity across small-scale environmental gradients. This apparent low heritability in natural populations may suggest strong selection or many generations are required for phenological adaptation and the emergence of genetic clines in phenology.
Suppression by RNA Polymerase I Inhibitors Varies Greatly Between Distinct RNA Polymerase I Transcribed Genes in Malaria Parasites
Authors: Samuel Hermela , Campelo-Morillo Riward , Kafsack Björn F.C.
Published: September 2024

Transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) is the rate-limiting step in ribosome biogenesis and a major determinant of cellular growth rates. Unlike virtually every other eukaryote, which express identical rRNA from large tandem arrays of dozens to hundreds of identical rRNA genes in every cell, the genome of the human malaria parasitePlasmodium falciparumcontains only a handful single-copy 47S rRNA loci that differ substantially from one another in length, sequence and expression in different cell-types. We found that growth of malaria parasite was acutely sensitive to the Pol I inhibitors 9-hydroxyellipticine and BMH-21 and demonstrate that they greatly reduce the transcription of 47S rRNAs as well as transcription of other non-coding RNA genes. Surprisingly, we found that the various types of Pol I-transcribed genes differed by more than two orders of magnitude in their susceptibility to these inhibitors and explore the implications of these findings for regulation of rRNA inP. falciparum.
Disrupted Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression as A Hallmark of Fatty Liver Progression
Authors: Takaoka Shohei , Jaso-Vera Marcos E , Ruan Xiangbo
Published: September 2024

It is known that both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms control the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. Compared to transcriptional regulations, our understanding of how post-transcriptional regulations adapt during fatty liver progression at the whole transcriptome level is unclear. While traditional RNA-seq analysis uses only reads mapped to exons to determine gene expression, recent studies support that intron-mapped reads can be reliably used to estimate gene transcription. In this study, we analyzed differential gene expression at both exon and intron levels using two liver RNA-seq datasets from mice that were fed a high-fat diet for seven weeks (mild fatty liver) or thirty weeks (severe fatty liver). We found the correlation between gene transcription and mature mRNA levels was much lower in mice with mild fatty liver as compared with mice with severe fatty liver. This result indicates broad post-transcriptional regulations for early fatty liver and such regulations are comprised for severe fatty liver. Specifically, Gene Ontology analysis revealed that genes involved in synapse organization and cell adhesion were transcriptionally upregulated, while their mature mRNAs were unaffected in the mild fatty liver. Further characterization of post-transcriptionally suppressed genes at early fatty liver revealed that their mRNAs harbor significantly longer 3’ UTR, one of the major features that may subject RNA transcripts to non-sense mediated RNA decay (NMD). We further show that the expression of representative genes that were post-transcriptionally suppressed were upregulated in mice with hepatocyte-specific defect of NMD. Finally, we provide data supporting a time-dependent decrease in NMD activity in the liver of a diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease mouse model. In summary, our study supports that NMD is essential in preventing unwanted/harmful gene expression at the early stage of fatty liver and such a mechanism is lost due to decreased NMD activity in mice with severe fatty liver.
Adolescent development of anxiety-related behavior and shifts in behavioral responsiveness to estradiol in female mice
Authors: Schulz Kalynn M. , Chavez Marcia C. , Forrester-Fronstin Zoey
Published: September 2024

Early pubertal onset during adolescence is consistently linked with increased risk of anxiety and depression in girls. Although estradiol tends to have anxiolytic effects in adulthood, whether sensitivity to estradiol’s anxiolytic actions increases during adolescence is not clear. Using a rodent model, the current study tested the hypothesis that a shift in sensitivity to the anxiolytic effects of estradiol occurs during adolescence. To test this hypothesis, prepubertal and adult C57BL/6 female mice were ovariectomized, implanted with vehicle- or estradiol-filled silastic capsules, and behavioral tested one week later in the open field and elevated zero maze. Our hypothesis predicted that estradiol would decrease anxiety-related behavior to a greater extent in adults than in adolescent females, however, our results did not support this hypothesis. In the open field, estradiol implants significantly decreased anxiety-like behavior in adolescent females (relative to vehicle) and had little to no effect on the behavior of adults. These data suggest that adolescence is associated with a downward shift in sensitivity to the anxiolytic effects of estradiol on behavior in the open field. In contrast, although estradiol treatment did not influence anxiety-like responses in the elevated zero maze in early adolescent or adult females, adolescent females displayed significantly higher levels of anxiety-like behavior than adults. These findings demonstrate that substantial changes in anxiety-related behavior occur during adolescence, including a context-dependent shift in behavioral responsiveness to estradiol.
Abundant clock proteins point to missing molecular regulation in the plant circadian clock
Authors: Urquiza-García Uriel , Molina Nacho , Halliday Karen J. , Millar Andrew J.
Published: September 2024

Understanding the biochemistry behind whole-organism traits such as flowering time is a longstanding challenge, where mathematical models are critical. Very few models of plant gene circuits use the absolute units required for comparison to biochemical data. We refactor two detailed models of the plant circadian clock from relative to absolute units. Using absolute RNA quantification, a simple model predicted abundant clock protein levels inArabidopsis thaliana, up to 100,000 proteins per cell. NanoLUC reporter protein fusions validated the predicted levels of clock proteinsin vivo. Recalibrating the detailed models to these protein levels estimated their DNA-binding dissociation constants (Kd). We estimate the sameKdfrom multiple resultsin vitro, extending the method to any promoter sequence. The detailed models simulated theKdrange estimated from LUX DNA-bindingin vitrobut departed from the data for CCA1 binding, pointing to further circadian mechanisms. Our analytical and experimental methods should transfer to understand other plant gene regulatory networks, potentially including the natural sequence variation that contributes to evolutionary adaptation.
A toolkit for mapping cell identities in relation to neighbours reveals Notch-dependent heterogeneity within neuromesodermal progenitor populations
Authors: French Matthew , Portero Rosa , Dale J. Kim , Blin Guillaume , Wilson Val , Lowell Sally
Published: September 2024

Patterning of cell fates is central to embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. Quantitative analysis of patterning reveals the logic by which cell-cell interactions orchestrate changes in cell fate. However, it is challenging to quantify patterning when graded changes in identity occur over complex 4D trajectories, or where different cell states are intermingled. Furthermore, comparing patterns across multiple individual embryos, tissues, or organoids is difficult because these often vary in shape and size.

Here we present a toolkit of computational approaches to tackle these problems. These strategies are based on measuring properties of each cell in relation to the properties of its neighbours to quantify patterning, and on using embryonic landmarks in order to compare these patterns between embryos. We use this toolkit to characterise patterning of cell identities within the caudal lateral epiblast of E8.5 embryos, revealing local patterning in emergence of early mesoderm cells that is sensitive to inhibition of Notch activity.
Determining the absolute number density of a thermal vapor via photon correlations
Authors: Ribeiro Sofia , Juan-Delgado Adrián , Gardiner Simon A.
Published: September 2024

We propose a technique to determine the absolute number density N of an alkali-metal vapor confined within a nanocell. This method is based on near-resonant driving of the vapor's constituent atoms and determining the mean interparticle distance (or equivalently the temperature) from the power spectrum associated with the offset photon intensity-intensity correlation function g(2)(τ)−1. In our investigation, we treat the atoms as an average of interacting and radiating dipole pairs randomly positioned within the nanocell. We observe that the power spectrum of the emitted light has a central dip for interparticle distances corresponding to ∼λ/5 and that this result is robust to variations in the driving Rabi frequency and the average detuning. With our proposed method, we can overcome the limitations in defining the absolute number density N, which is currently typically deduced from the temperature of heating elements applied externally to the cell.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Light-induced orbital magnetism in metals via inverse Faraday effect
Authors: Sharma Priya , Balatsky Alexander V.
Published: September 2024

We present a microscopic calculation of the inverse Faraday effect in metals. We derive a static local magnetic moment induced on the application of high-frequency light, using the Eilenberger formulation of quasiclassical theory. We include the effect of disorder and formulate a theory applicable across the entire temperature range, in the absence of external applied fields. For light-induced electric fields of amplitude ∼100kV/cm, the induced fields are large ∼0.1T for metallic Nb. The predictions of our theory agree with recent experimental and theoretical results [O. H.-C. Cheng , and J. Hurst , ]. An extension of this approach to superconductors would open a new route of inducing orbital magnetic field and potentially vortices in superconductors.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Decay of a microsecond seniority 3 isomeric state in
Hf155
Authors: Alayed B. , Page R. D. , Joss D. T. , Uusitalo J. , Qi C. , Briscoe A. D. , AlAqeel M. A. M. , Andel B. , Antalic S. , Auranen K. , Ayatollahzadeh H. , Badran H. , Barber L. , Beeton G. , Birova M. , Bogdanoff V. , Cubiss J. G. , Cullen D. M. , Deary J. , Forsberg U. , Grahn T. , Greenlees P. T. , Hilton J. B. , Illana A. , Joukainen H. , Judson D. S. , Julin R. , Jutila H. , Keatings J. M. , Labiche M. , Leino M. , Lewis M. C. , Louko J. , Luoma M. , Martel I. , McCarter A. , McKee P. P. , Mosat P. , Nathaniel S. N. , Neuvonen O. , O'Donnell D. , Ojala J. , Page C. A. A. , Plaza A. M. , Pakarinen J. , Papadakis P. , Parr E. , Partanen J. , Rahkila P. , Romero J. , Ruotsalainen P. , Sandzelius M. , Sarén J. , Saygi B. , Smallcombe J. , Smith J. F. , Sorri J. , Sullivan C. M. , Szwec S. , Tann H. , Tolosa-Delgado A. , Uusikylä E. , Venhart M. , Waring L. J. , Zimba G.
Published: September 2024

Excited states in the neutron-deficient nuclide Hf155 have been investigated in experiments performed at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The Hf155 nuclei were produced in fusion-evaporation reactions induced by beams of 295 and 315 MeV Ni58 ions bombarding an isotopically enriched Pd102 target and separated using the recoil mass separator MARA. An isomeric state having a half-life of 510(30) ns was discovered and is interpreted as a seniority υ=3, (πh11/22⊗νf7/2)27/2− configuration. The γ-ray transitions emitted in the deexcitation of the isomeric state to the ground state were identified and a level scheme was constructed, from which the excitation energy of the isomer was determined to be 2581.5(10) keV. A B(E2) value of 0.45(3) W.u. was deduced for the 105.4 keV transition depopulating the isomeric state. The deduced level scheme and B(E2) value are compared with systematics and shell-model calculations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Forward
J/ψ+J/ψ
and
J/ψ+ψ′
production with high-energy factorization
Authors: Baranov S. P. , Lipatov A. V. , Malyshev M. A. , Prokhorov A. A. , Zhang P. M.
Published: September 2024

We calculate the cross sections of associated J/ψ+ψ′ and J/ψ+J/ψ production in pp collisions at s=13  TeV in the forward kinematic region. The high-energy factorization (kT-factorization) framework supplemented with the Catani-Ciafaloni-Fiorani-Marchesini evolution of gluon densities in a proton is applied. We demonstrate that the latest data on J/ψ+J/ψ production and first experimental data on J/ψ+ψ′ events taken very recently by the LHCb Collaboration can be described well by the color singlet terms and contributions from double parton scattering (DPS) with the standard choice for σeff parameter. The relative production rate σ(J/ψ+ψ′)/σ(J/ψ+J/ψ) is found to be sensitive to the DPS terms as well as to feeddown contributions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Generalized parton distributions from the pseudodistribution approach on the lattice
Authors: Bhattacharya Shohini , Cichy Krzysztof , Constantinou Martha , Metz Andreas , Nurminen Niilo , Steffens Fernanda
Published: September 2024

Generalized parton distributions (GPDs) are key quantities for the description of a hadron’s three-dimensional structure. They are the current focus of all areas of hadronic physics—phenomenological, experimental and theoretical, including lattice QCD. Synergies between these areas are desirable and essential to achieve precise quantification and understanding of the structure of, particularly, nucleons, as the basic ingredients of matter. In this paper, we investigate, for the first time, the numerical implementation of the pseudodistribution approach for the extraction of zero-skewness GPDs for unpolarized quarks. Pseudodistributions are Euclidean parton correlators computable in lattice QCD that can be perturbatively matched to the light-cone parton distributions of interest. Although they are closely related to the quasidistributions and come from the same lattice-extracted matrix elements, they are, however, subject to different systematic effects. We use the data previously utilized for quasi-GPDs and extend it with other momentum transfers and nucleon boosts, in particular a higher one (P3=1.67  GeV) with eightfold larger statistics than the largest one used for quasidistributions (P3=1.25  GeV). We renormalize the matrix elements with a ratio scheme and match the resulting Ioffe time distributions to the light cone in coordinate space. The matched distributions are then used to reconstruct the x dependence with a fitting . We investigate some systematic effects related to this procedure, and we also compare the results with the ones obtained in the framework of quasi-GPDs. Our final results involve the invariant four-momentum transfer squared (−t) dependence of the flavor nonsinglet (u−d) H and E GPDs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Feasibility of ultrarelativistic bubbles in SMEFT
Authors: Banerjee Upalaparna , Chakraborty Sabyasachi , Prakash Suraj , Rahaman Shakeel Ur
Published: September 2024

A first order electroweak phase transition probes physics beyond the Standard Model on multiple frontiers and therefore is of immense interest for theoretical exploration. We conduct a model-independent study of the effects of relevant dimension 6 and dimension 8 operators, of the Standard Model effective field theory, on electroweak phase transition. We use a thermally corrected and renormalization group improved potential and study its impact on nucleation temperature. We then outline bubble dynamics that lead to ultrarelativistic bubble wall velocities which are mainly motivated from the viewpoint of gravitational wave detection. We highlight the ranges of the Wilson coefficients that give rise to such bubble wall velocities and predict gravitational wave spectra generated by such transitions which can be tested in future experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Vector dark matter and LHC constraints, including a 95 GeV light Higgs boson
Authors: Ayazi Seyed Yaser , Hosseini Mojtaba , Paktinat Mehdiabadi Saeid , Rouzbehi Rouzbeh
Published: September 2024

We study LHC searches for an extension of the Standard Model (SM) by exploiting an additional Abelian UD(1) gauge symmetry and a complex scalar Higgs portal. As the scalar is charged under this gauge symmetry, a vector dark matter (VDM) candidate can satisfy the observed relic abundance and limits from direct dark matter (DM) searches. The ATLAS and CMS experiments have developed a broad search program for the DM candidates, including associate production of Higgs boson, Z boson, and top quark that couple to DM. In this paper, we perform an extensive analysis to constrain the model by using these experiments at LHC. It can be seen that the LHC results can exclude some parts of the parameter space that are still allowed by relic density and the direct detection searches. Using the LHC results, all scalar Higgs portal masses are excluded for the light VDM. Furthermore, exclusion limits on the parameter space of the model by using the new results of the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations for a new light Higgs boson with mass ∼95  GeV are provided.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Effects of neutrino-ultralight dark matter interaction on the cosmic neutrino background
Authors: Martínez-Miravé Pablo , Perez-Gonzalez Yuber F. , Sen Manibrata
Published: September 2024

Ultralight dark matter interacting with sterile neutrinos would modify the evolution and properties of the cosmic neutrino background through active-sterile neutrino mixing. We investigate how such an interaction would induce a redshift dependence in neutrino masses. We highlight that cosmological constraints on the sum of neutrino masses would require reinterpretation due to the effective mass generated by neutrino-dark matter interactions. Furthermore, we present an example where such interactions can alter the mass ordering of neutrinos in the early Universe, compared to what we expect today. We also address the expected changes in the event rates in a PTOLEMY-like experiment, which aims to detect the cosmic neutrino background via neutrino capture and discuss projected constraints.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Analysis of three-body decays
B→D(V→)PP
under the factorization-assisted topological-amplitude approach
Authors: Zhou Si-Hong , Li Run-Hui , Lü Xiao-Yao
Published: September 2024

Motivated by the accumulated experimental results on three-body charmed B decays with resonance contributions in , LHCb, and Belle (II), we systematically analyze B(s)→D(s)(V→)P1P2 decays with V representing a vector resonance (ρ,K*,ω, or ϕ) and P1,2 as a light pseudoscalar meson (pion or kaon). The intermediate subprocesses B(s)→D(s)V are calculated with the factorization-assisted topological-amplitude (FAT) approach and the intermediate resonant states V described by the relativistic Breit-Wigner distribution successively decay to P1P2 via strong interaction. Taking all lowest resonance states (ρ,K*,ω,ϕ) into account, we calculate the branching fractions of these decay modes as well as the Breit-Wigner-tail effects for B(s)→D(s)(ρ,ω→)KK. Our results agree with the data by , LHCb, and Belle (II). Among the predictions that are still not observed, there are some branching ratios of order 10−6–10−4 which are hopeful to be measured by LHCb and Belle II. Our approach and the perturbative QCD approach (PQCD) adopt the compatible theme to deal with the resonance contributions. What is more, our data for the intermediate two-body charmed B-meson decays in FAT approach are more precise. As a result, our results for branching fractions have smaller uncertainties, especially for color-suppressed emission diagram dominated modes.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Fermion self-energy and effective mass in a noisy magnetic background
Authors: Castaño-Yepes Jorge David , Muñoz Enrique
Published: September 2024

In this article, we consider the propagation of QED fermions in the presence of a classical background magnetic field with white-noise stochastic fluctuations. The effects of the magnetic field fluctuations are incorporated into the fermion and photon propagators in a quasiparticle picture, which we developed in previous works using the . By working in the very strong-field limit, here we explicitly calculate the fermion self-energy involving radiative contributions at first order in αem, in order to obtain the noise-averaged mass of the fermion propagating in the fluctuating magnetized medium. Our analytical results reveal a leading double-logarithmic contribution ∼[ln(|eB|/m2)]2 to the mass, with an imaginary part representing a spectral broadening proportional to the magnetic noise autocorrelation Δ. While a uniform magnetic field already breaks Lorentz invariance, inducing the usual separation into two orthogonal subspaces (perpendicular and parallel with respect to the field), the presence of magnetic noise further breaks the remaining symmetry, thus leading to distinct spectral widths associated with fermion and antifermion, and their spin projection in the quasiparticle picture.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Constraining the Higgs potential with neural simulation-based inference for di-Higgs production
Authors: Mastandrea Radha , Nachman Benjamin , Plehn Tilman
Published: September 2024

Determining the form of the Higgs potential is one of the most exciting challenges of modern particle physics. Higgs pair production directly probes the Higgs self-coupling and should be observed in the near future at the High-Luminosity LHC. We explore how to improve the sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model through per-event kinematics for di-Higgs events. In particular, we employ machine learning through simulation-based inference to estimate per-event likelihood ratios and gauge potential sensitivity gains from including this kinematic information. In terms of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, we find that adding a limited number of observables can help to remove degeneracies in Wilson coefficient likelihoods and significantly improve the experimental sensitivity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mono- and oligochromatic extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
Authors: Amaro Seoane Pau , Lin Yiren , Tzanavaris Kostas
Published: September 2024

The gravitational capture of a stellar-mass object by a supermassive black hole represents a unique probe of warped spacetime. The small object, typically a stellar-mass black hole, describes a very large number of cycles before crossing the event horizon. Because of the mass difference, we call these captures extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs). Their merger event rate at the Galactic Center is negligible, but the amount of time spent in the early inspiral is not. Early EMRIs (E-EMRIs) spend hundreds of thousands of years in band during this phase. At very early stages, the peak of the frequency will not change during an observational time. At later stages in the evolution, it will change a bit and finally the EMRI explores a wide range of them when it is close to merger. We distinguish between “monocromatic” E-EMRIs, which do not change their (peak) frequency, oligochromatic E-EMRIs, which explore a short range and polychromatic ones, and the EMRIs which have been discussed so far in the literature. We derive the number of E-EMRIs at the Galactic Center, and we also calculate their signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and perform a study of parameter extraction. We show that parameters such as the spin and the mass can be extracted with an error which can be as small as 10−11 and 10−5M⊙. There are between hundreds and thousands of E-EMRIs in their monochromatic stage at the Galactic Centre (GC), and tens in their oligochromatic phase. The SNR ranges from a minimum of 10 (larger likelihood) to a maximum of 106 (smaller likelihood). Moreover, we derive the contribution signal corresponding to the incoherent sum of continuous sources of oligochromatic E-EMRIs with two representatives masses, 10M⊙ and 40M⊙, and show that their curves will cover a significant part of Laser Interferometer Space Antennas (LISAs) sensitivity curve. Depending on their level of circularization, they might be detected as individual sources or form a foreground population.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
General theory for extended-range percolation on simple and multiplex networks
Authors: Cirigliano Lorenzo , Castellano Claudio , Bianconi Ginestra
Published: September 2024

Extended-range percolation is a robust percolation process that has relevance for quantum communication problems. In extended-range percolation nodes can be trusted or untrusted. Untrusted facilitator nodes are untrusted nodes that can still allow communication between trusted nodes if they lie on a path of distance at most R between two trusted nodes. In extended-range percolation the extended-range giant component (ERGC) includes trusted nodes connected by paths of trusted and untrusted facilitator nodes. Here, based on a message-passing algorithm, we develop a general theory of extended-range percolation, valid for arbitrary values of R as long as the networks are locally treelike. This general framework allows us to investigate the properties of extended-range percolation on interdependent multiplex networks. While the extended-range nature makes multiplex networks more robust, interdependency makes them more fragile. From the interplay between these two effects a rich phase diagram emerges including discontinuous phase transitions and reentrant phases. The theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed exactly solvable model constitutes a fundamental reference for the study of models defined through properties of extended-range paths.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Power-law correlation in the homogeneous disordered state of anisotropically self-propelled systems
Authors: Adachi Kyosuke , Nakano Hiroyoshi
Published: September 2024

Self-propelled particles display unique collective phenomena, due to the intrinsic coupling of density and polarity. For instance, the giant number fluctuation appears in the orientationally ordered state, and the motility-induced phase separation appears in systems with repulsion. Effects of strong noise typically lead to a homogeneous disordered state, in which the coupling of density and polarity can still play a significant role. Here we study universal properties of the homogeneous disordered state in two-dimensional systems with uniaxially anisotropic self-propulsion. Using hydrodynamic arguments, we propose that the density correlation and polarity correlation generically exhibit power-law decay with distinct exponents (−2 and −4, respectively) through the coupling of density and polarity. Simulations of self-propelled lattice gas models indeed show the predicted power-law correlations, regardless of whether the interaction type is repulsion or alignment. Further, by mapping the model to a two-component boson system and employing non-Hermitian perturbation theory, we obtain the analytical expression for the structure factors, the Fourier transform of the correlation functions. This reveals that even the first order of the interaction strength induces the power-law correlations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Electronic properties, correlated topology, and Green's function zeros
Authors: Setty Chandan , Xie Fang , Sur Shouvik , Chen Lei , Vergniory Maia G. , Si Qimiao
Published: September 2024

There is extensive current interest in electronic topology in correlated settings. In strongly correlated systems, contours of Green's function zeros may develop in frequency-momentum space, and their role in correlated topology has increasingly been recognized. However, whether and how the zeros contribute to electronic properties is a matter of uncertainty. Here we address the issue in an exactly solvable model for a Mott insulator. We show that the Green's function zeros contribute to several physically measurable correlation functions in a way that does not run into inconsistencies. In particular, the physical properties remain robust to chemical potential variations up to the Mott gap, as it should be based on general considerations. Our work sets the stage for further understandings of the rich interplay among topology, symmetry, and strong correlations.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Non-Hermitian pseudomodes for strongly coupled open quantum systems: Unravelings, correlations, and thermodynamics
Authors: Menczel Paul , Funo Ken , Cirio Mauro , Lambert Neill , Nori Franco
Published: September 2024

The pseudomode framework provides an exact description of the dynamics of an open quantum system coupled to a non-Markovian environment. Using this framework, the influence of the environment on the system is studied in an equivalent model, where the open system is coupled to a finite number of unphysical pseudomodes that follow a time-local master equation. Building on the insight that this master equation does not need to conserve the hermiticity of the pseudomode state, we here ask for the most general conditions on the master equation that guarantee the correct reproduction of the system's original dynamics. We demonstrate that our generalized approach decreases the number of pseudomodes that are required to model, for example, underdamped environments at finite temperature. We also provide an unraveling of the master equation into quantum jump trajectories of non-Hermitian states, which further facilitates the utilization of the pseudomode technique for numerical calculations by enabling the use of easily parallelizable Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we show that pseudomodes, despite their unphysical nature, provide a natural picture in which physical processes, such as the creation of system-bath correlations or the exchange of heat, can be studied. Hence, our results pave the way for future investigations of the system-environment interaction leading to a better understanding of open quantum systems far from the Markovian weak-coupling limit.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Electric field induced thermal Hall effect of triplons in the quantum dimer magnets
XCuCl3
(
X=Tl,K
)
Authors: Esaki Nanse , Akagi Yutaka , Katsura Hosho
Published: September 2024

We theoretically propose the electric field induced thermal Hall effect of triplons in the quantum dimer magnets XCuCl3 (X=Tl,K), which exhibit ferroelectricity in the Bose-Einstein condensation phase of triplons. The interplay between ferroelectricity and magnetism in these materials leads to the magnetoelectric effect, i.e., an electric-field induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction between spins on the same dimer. We argue that this intradimer DM interaction breaks the symmetry of the system in the absence of an electric field and gives rise to the thermal Hall effect, which can be detected in experimentally accessible electric and magnetic fields. We also show that the thermal Hall effect can be controlled by changing the strength or direction of the electric field.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exploring the relationships between digital transformation, organizational slack and business performance: a configurational approach
Authors: Depino-Besada Nahuel Ignacio , Sartal Antonio , León-Mateos Fernando , Llach Josep
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The survival of companies today hinges on their adaptability and flexibility, with digital transformation (DT) and organizational slack (OS) playing crucial roles. Despite their recognized importance, these factors are often studied separately. This study aims to explore how OS facilitates DT and evaluate their synergies and trade-offs to improve performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data from the European Manufacturing Survey, structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we investigate causal relationships and possible combinations between different dimensions of OS and DT that contribute to business performance.

Findings

We confirmed the positive effect of OS and DT on business performance, highlighting the importance of organizational over technological factors. While not definitively establishing OS as a precursor to DT, our findings underscore the need for human and operational slack to improve performance, especially in less technology-intensive contexts.

Research limitations/implications

Our findings evidence that decision-makers should integrate OS with DT initiatives to improve the firm’s competitiveness. However, it is worth noting that while OS seems essential in low-tech shopfloors, its importance is lower in high-tech environments. Furthermore, within the possible combinations, managers should promote operational slack and digitalization, as it seems fundamental to improve business performance.

Originality/value

This article contributes to the management field in three ways. First, it clarifies controversies by providing evidence of the positive roles of DT and OS as drivers of competitiveness for manufacturing firms. Second, we verify that OS is not directly linked to DT, challenging existing assumptions. Third, it investigates the combinations of OS and DT that drive business performance improvement, emphasizing their synergies and trade-offs.
Examining sustainable consumption patterns through green purchase behavior and digital media engagement: a case of Pakistan’s postmillennials
Authors: Fatima Mehreen , Ahmed Qazi Mohammed , Paracha Osman
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The main objective of this study is to identify the variables influencing consumers' perceptions of sustainable purchasing intentions and the effects such perceptions have on actual sustainable purchasing behavior. This paper aims to develop an understanding of the postmillennial generation's consumption of sustainable products.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured questionnaire was used to collect data for quantitative analysis. It involved sampling a total of 251 respondents, which were postmillennials belonging to the twin cities of Pakistan. A series of tests were applied through Smart PLS4 for all the variables, including descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results revealed that there is a significant relationship of social value and electronic word of mouth with digital media usage (DMU). Whereas, link of functional and emotional value with DMU was insignificant. The results also portrayed that there exists a positive link between DMU and sustainable consumption behavior (SCB). Moreover, green purchase intention moderated the relationship between DMU and SCB.

Originality/value

There exists a research gap on the role of postmillennial behavioral regulation and digital media use, as potential influences on their purchase behavior. Despite the fact that digital media has been shown to influence millennials' purchasing decisions in the past, there is still a reluctance among postmillennials to engage in environmentally friendly practices. Consequently, research is necessary to comprehend sustainable consumer behaviors; especially from an unaddressed Pakistani perspective.
Validating and extending the unified model of information security policy compliance
Authors: Gerdin Marcus
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to further validate and extend the unified model of information security policy compliance (UMISPC) developed by Moody et al. (2018).

Design/methodology/approach

To be able to compare the results of this study and those reported by Moody et al. (2018) (and followers), the same quantitative data collection method (questionnaire) and variable measurement instruments were used. Specifically, questionnaire data were collected from a department within a Swedish governmental organization comprising 150 employees. Of these, 90 answered the questionnaire which rendered a response rate of 60%. Following Moody et al. (2018), the collected data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling.

Findings

This study generally provides empirical support for the original UMISPC as a large majority of the findings are in line with those reported by Moody et al. (2018). However, it also suggests important differences and boundary conditions.

Originality/value

This study extends the original study of Moody et al. (2018) and subsequent replication studies by testing it in a new national/organizational context. Based on their call for future research, it also develops and empirically tests the effects of a new, socially visible information system security violation scenario. Related to this, this study also revisits the role of the variable subjective norms for better understanding employee non-/compliance to information security policies by suggesting that their effects may be indirect (i.e. running through other variables in the UMISPC) rather than direct.
Developing and validating a framework to explain cruise travel intention in the United States: a crisis management perspective
Authors: Pan Tianyu , Chi Hengxuan Oscar , Fu Rachel J.C.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to extend the cognitive appraisal theory by developing and validating a conceptual framework to illustrate how travelers' behavioral intention is generated via a multi-stage evaluation of health-related variables.

Design/methodology/approach

SEM and moderator analysis were conducted to examine the theoretical framework (post-intervention event travel intention) and to investigate how the appraisal process differs across travelers with various attitudes toward vaccination.

Findings

This study found that cruise travel intention was positively influenced by the perceived hedonic value and perceived trustworthiness and negatively influenced by perceived infection risk. Furthermore, whereas perceived hedonic value, perceived trustworthiness and perceived risk of infection were all predicted by crisis management, the dimensions of crisis management operated differently. In addition, vaccination attitudes amplified the unfavorable effect of perceived risk on intention.

Originality/value

Drawing on the CAT, this study developed and validated a conceptual framework to integrate crisis management with customers' behavioral intentions. This study extends existing cruise travel intention theory by demonstrating how post-pandemic travelers' behavioral intention is generated via a multi-stage appraisal-reappraisal process based on the evaluations of infection risks and cruise line crisis management.
Ethical dimensions of generative AI: a cross-domain analysis using machine learning structural topic modeling
Authors: Ali Hassnian , Aysan Ahmet Faruk
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively examine the ethical implications surrounding generative artificial intelligence (AI).

Design/methodology/approach

Leveraging a novel methodological approach, the study curates a corpus of 364 documents from Scopus spanning 2022 to 2024. Using the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and structural topic modeling (STM), it quantitatively dissects the thematic essence of the ethical discourse in generative AI across diverse domains, including education, healthcare, businesses and scientific research.

Findings

The results reveal a diverse range of ethical concerns across various sectors impacted by generative AI. In academia, the primary focus is on issues of authenticity and intellectual property, highlighting the challenges of AI-generated content in maintaining academic integrity. In the healthcare sector, the emphasis shifts to the ethical implications of AI in medical decision-making and patient privacy, reflecting concerns about the reliability and security of AI-generated medical advice. The study also uncovers significant ethical discussions in educational and financial settings, demonstrating the broad impact of generative AI on societal and professional practices.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides a foundation for crafting targeted ethical guidelines and regulations for generative AI, informed by a systematic analysis using STM. It highlights the need for dynamic governance and continual monitoring of AI’s evolving ethical landscape, offering a model for future research and policymaking in diverse fields.

Originality/value

The study introduces a unique methodological combination of TF-IDF and STM to analyze a large academic corpus, offering new insights into the ethical implications of generative AI across multiple domains.
Sustainability and impact reporting in US higher education anchor institutions
Authors: Castillo Elizabeth , Roberts Roslyn
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess how higher education anchor institutions (HEIs) voluntarily report their non-economic impacts. Its goals are to quantify the ease of public access to this information; strengthen the conceptual foundation for HEI impact reporting; and provide guidance for making HEI voluntary disclosures more accessible, comparable and systematic.

Design/methodology/approach

Using an exploratory mixed methods design and purposeful sampling, this study analyzed voluntary public disclosures of 41 anchor institution universities in the USA to assess how they communicate their public value creation to stakeholders. Data sources included impact reports, donor reports, annual reports and sustainability reports. The study also analyzed the accessibility of this information by timing how long it took to locate.

Findings

The sampled US anchor institutions communicate their non-economic impact to stakeholders in myriad ways using a variety of formats. Time required to find the reports ranged from 37 to 50 min, with an average of 42.30 min. Disparate reporting formats inhibit comparability.

Research limitations/implications

Only 41 anchor institutions were examined. The small sample may not be representative of the broader landscape of higher education institutions.

Practical implications

Findings offer guidance for improving voluntary nonfinancial disclosures to increase public confidence in higher education institutions while advancing community and global resilience. To strengthen voluntary disclosure practices, the study recommends using a standardized reporting format, framing HEI impact through socio-ecological resilience indicators, integrating reports and obtaining some form of assurance. These changes would enhance the credibility and comparability of the disclosures.

Originality/value

This research provides some of the first empirical insight into how US higher education anchor institutions report their value creation to the public. Its application of socio-ecological systems theory outlines an actionable conceptual foundation for HEI reporting by linking organizational, community and global resilience.