bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Négy zavarástűrő lágyszárú faj magbankjának jellemzése - egy 19 évig tartó eltemetéses kísérlet eredményei
Authors: Csontos Péter , Kalapos Tibor , Tamás Júlia
Published: February 2023

Jelen dolgozatunkban négy erdei lágyszárú, Simon természetvédehni-érték besorolása szerint zavarástűrő faj: a Cardamine impatiens L., a Geum urbanum L., a Rumex sanguineus L. és a Verbascum austriacum Schott talajmagbankjának tulajdonságairól számolunk be. Az említett fajok magtúlélési képességét eltemetéses kísérletben vizsgáltuk. Frissen gyűjtött magvaikat sterilizált homokkal elkeverve, majd agyagcserepekbe töltve 0,65 m mélyen eltemettük, tíz ismétlésben, esetenként 100-100 magot felhasználva. Fajonként 1-1 százmagos tételt ástunk elő az eltemetést követő 1., 2., 3., 4., 6. és 19. évben, majd azokat üvegházi körülmények között csíráztattuk. A C. impatiens magbankja rövid távú perzisztensnek bizonyult. Ennél a fajnál ez feltehetőleg két ellentétes hatás eredőjeként jött létre, mivel az erdei környezet inkább a tranziens magbank típusnak, ugyanakkor a faj kétéves életformája és a bolygatottabb élőhelyeken való előfordulása viszont inkább a hosszú távú perzisztens magbank típusnak kedvezne. A G. urbanum esetében hosszú távú perzisztens magbankot igazoltunk, ami az első ilyen közlés a fajra vonatkozóan. Megjegyzendő, hogy a lapos és megnyúlt magvú fajok esetében az ilyen magbank típus viszonylag ritka, tehát a G. urbanum kivételes viselkedésűnek mondható. A V. austriacum magbankja, más, korábban vizsgált ökörfarkkóró fajokéhoz hasonlóan kitűnő magtúlélő képességet mutatott, a 19. évben is gyakorlatilag az első évivel megegyező arányban csírázott. A R. sanguineus esetében a szakirodalomban mindhárom fő magbank típusra nézve találunk közléseket. Eredményeink szerint ez a faj egyértelműen képes fenntartani hosszú távú perzisztens magbankot a talajban. Magvai 19 év elteltével is 43 százalékban csíráztak. Dolgozatunkban mérlegeljük még az eltemetéses magbank vizsgálatok használhatóságát a fajok magbank típusának feltárása szempontjából.
A cibakházi Kettős-halom tájtörténete és florisztikai vizsgálata
Authors: Olasz Ákos , Tóth Tamás , Deák Balázs , Bede Ádám
Published: February 2023

A cibakházi Kettős-halom a Tiszazug egyik legértékesebb halma. Két, közvetlenül egymás mellé épített őskori kurgán alkotja, melyek közül az északi természetvédelmi szempontból kiemelkedő jelentőségű ősi sztyeppnövényzetet őrzött meg. A halmon a vizsgálat során 117 hajtásos növényfajt találtunk. Legjelentősebb fajai: Agropyron cristatum (taréjos búzaffi), Artemisia austríaca (selymes üröm), Asperula cynanchica (ebfojtó müge), Astragalus austriacus (kisvirágú csűdfű), Elymus hispidus (deres tarackbúza), Omithogalum brevistyhim (nyúlánk sárma), Stipa capillata (kunkorgó árvalányhaj), Veronica austriaca subsp. dentata (fogaslevelű veronika). A déli halom legnagyobb részét az 1970-es években elbányászták, csak az északkeleti lejtőből maradt meg egy alig érzékelhető rész. Az északi kurgánra telepített akácos folyamatos terjeszkedése főleg a keleti és déli oldalon jelent veszélyt a gyepi növényzetre. Az akác letermelése és a halom körüli pufferzóna (gyepsáv) kialakítása már rövidtávon is jelentősen hozzájárulna a halom élővilágnak megóvásához. Hosszútávon pedig érdemes lenne a déli halom teljes rekonstrukcióját is elvégezni.
Diverse energy transition patterns in Central and Southern Europe: a comparative study of institutional landscapes in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, and Spain
Authors: Frolova Marina , Frantál Bohumil , Ferrario Viviana , Centeri Csaba , Herrero-Luque Daniel , Grónás Viktor , Martinát Stanislav , Puttilli Matteo , Almeida Lucas , D'Angelo Fabrizio
Published: February 2023

Growing awareness of anthropogenic climate change, deep cuts in CO2 emissions, and the exhaustion of easy-to-extract fossil fuels have led to a growing interest in developing renewable energy sources as a part of the (desired) transition to a low-carbon society. The target of the European Union for 2020 is to cover 20% of final energy consumption by renewable energy sources, and for 2030 it should reach at least 32%. While there are ambitious goals to boost the energy transition, it is becoming increasingly evident that the processes run differently in different countries, some of which still prefer path-dependent options and resist major changes. This comparative study applies a historical institutionalist approach to examine the institutional factors influencing the development of renewable energies in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy and Spain, countries with different geographies, political and socio-cultural traditions, belonging respectively to Central and Southern Europe, whose comparison has so far been largely neglected in the literature. The general objective of this paper is to investigate and exemplify how diverse energy traditions, institutional frameworks, policies, and practices shape the processes and outcomes of the renewable energy transition.
Erdészeti géppel történő faanyagmozgatás hatása a talajtömörödésre Babat-völgyben
Authors: Ficsor Csilla , Centeri Csaba , Kónya Laura , Gönye Zsuzsanna , Malatinszky Ákos , Biró Zsolt
Published: February 2023

Az erdészeti faanyagmozgatás akár hosszútávon is maradandó károkat okozhat a fakitermeléssel érintett talajok minőségében. Kutatásunk során a faanyag kiszállítását végző gép talajtömörödésre gyakorolt hatását vizsgáltuk, összesen 7 db, a közelítőnyomon elhelyezett 2×2 m-es kvadrátban, a Gödöllői Dombvidéken belül a Babat-völgyben, a Gudra-oldalban. A közelítőnyomon belül a keréknyomban és a tengelyközben mértük fel a talajellenállás és a -nedvesség értékét, 0–40 cm között 10 cm-ként. Az erdészeti gép által kialakított keréknyomban a talajréteg 0–30 cm közötti mélységben erősen tömörödöttnek (3,12–3,86 MPa) minősült. Ezzel szemben a tengelyközben a talajellenállás legnagyobb mediánja is csak 1,728 MPa (p<0,05), ami kellően lazult talajállapotnak tekinthető.
A nemzetipark-igazgatóságok iskolai közösségi szolgálattal kapcsolatos tevékenysége és tapasztalatai
Authors: Lipka Borbála , Bodó Márton , Varga Attila , Farkas Gabriella , Malatinszky Ákos
Published: February 2023

A 2012-2013-as iskolai tanévben bevezetett iskolai közösségi szolgálat (IKSZ) program és a nemzetipark-igazgatóságok együttműködését vizsgáltuk annak érdekében, hogy a rendszer indulása óta eltelt hat évben összegyűlt tapasztalatokat értékelve javaslatokat fogalmazzunk meg a jövőre vonatkozóan. A tíz hazai nemzetipark-igazgatóság közül nyolc fogad középiskolás diákokat közösségi szolgálatra, legtöbben a program kezdete óta. A küldő intézmények száma 8 és 50 között változik igazgatóságonként; szinte mind az adott igazgatóság működési területén található. Évente 20 és 700 közötti számú diákot fogadnak (utóbbi esetben csoportosan érkeznek). Valamennyi igazgatóságnál jártak olyan diákok is, akik csak néhány órát töltöttek ott az IKSZ keretein belül, és olyanok is, akik akár mind a kötelezően előírt 50 órát. Alapvetően minden igazgatóság a következő tevékenységekbe vonja be a diákokat: segítségnyújtás rendezvényeken, táborokban, látogatóközpontokban; természetvédelmi kezelési, felmérési, monitorozási, illetve karbantartási munkák. Az igazgatóságok többsége az iskolai közösségi szolgálatot elsősorban a környezeti nevelés, szemléletformálás eszközének tekinti, mely kapcsolódási pontot jelent az egyébként kevésbé elért középiskolás korosztály felé. Részletesen bemutatunk néhány, szemléletformálási szempontból jó gyakorlatot.
UNESCO World Heritage as an opportunity for mountain landscapes – a trigger for development not only in the Alps
Authors: Kruse Alexandra , Paulowitz Bernd
Published: February 2023

Transhumance creates unique landscapes, especially in mountain regions. These landscape types, but also the herewith connected economy, are often threatened by abandonment. On the other hand, the so created landscapes and products are highly appreciated by the people – not only the tourists. Being listed as UNESCO World Heritage might be a trigger to raise awareness (also among politicians and deciders) and, more important, to motivate farmers to go ahead with their very special living conditions and to foster sense of place/proudness of the place. The process, which leads to the nomination itself, is demanding on one side, but also often a starting point to consider the region, the site differently and to develop new processes, initiate structural changes and is in the end often highly appreciated by the population.
Balaton-felvidék lehatárolásai
Authors: Máté Klaudia , Sallay Ágnes , Mikházi Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2023

A Balaton-felvidék sokak által ismert és kedvelt úti cél, hazánk egyik meghatározó, turisztikai szempontból jelentős térsége. Arra a kérdésre viszont, hogy pontosan hol található a tájegység, meddig tart a Balaton-felvidék, nehéz mindenki számára kielégítő választ adni. Tanulmányunkban különböző szempontok szerint vizsgáltuk, melyek azok a települések, amelyek joggal nevezhetik magukat Balaton-felvidékinek és melyek azok, amelyek csupán élvezik a kedvező földrajzi fekvésükből fakadó előnyöket. Különböző szakterületek tanulmányait és jogszabályait vetettük össze annak alapján, hogy mely helységeket sorolja a Balaton-felvidék térségébe. Összesen 12 dokumentum lehatárolásait vizsgáltuk és ábrázoltuk térképen, amelyek 150 települést érintettek. A dokumentumok alapján három különböző csoport körvonalazódott, ezért tudományos/szakspecifikus, jogszabályban rögzített és fejlesztési célú csoportokba rendeztük a településeket. A három kategóriában eltérő eredmények születtek a Balaton-felvidék határvonalait illetően, az összesítést követően azonban egy jól lehatárolható, 22 települést magába foglaló Balaton-felvidéki tömb rajzolódott ki.
Análisis de Cursos Virtuales en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica desde la Perspectiva del Modelo de Comunidades de Investigación (Communities of Inquiry)/Analysis of Online Courses at Costa Rica’s University of Distance Education from the Perspective of the Model of Communities of Enquiry
Authors: Meneses Hernández Jorge , Barrientos Amador Maynor
Published: February 2023

Este trabajo presenta un análisis de una muestra de cursos virtuales llevados a cabo en el primer cuatrimestre del 2016 en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica, utilizando el modelo de Comunidades de Investigación de Garrison, Anderson y Archer (2010), con el fin dedeterminar la presencia de conceptos teóricos específicos en las prácticas docentes de la universidad. Por medio de la adaptación de los instrumentos de análisis sugeridos por los creadores del modelo de comunidades de investigación, se valoró la efectividad de las presencias docente, cognitiva y social en el diseño y desarrollo de cursos virtuales en la universidad. Se concluye un nivel aceptable de indicadores de presencia docente, un nivel regular de indicadores de presencia cognitiva y un nivel bajo de indicadores de presencia social en dichos cursos. Se sugiere mayor participación de los tutores de los cursos virtuales para garantizar mejores indicadores de presencia cognitiva y social.
Aplicación del aprendizaje basado en problemas como estrategia docente en la asignatura de Ingeniería del Software de una universidad cubana/ Application of problem-based learning as a teaching strategy in the Software Engineering subject of a Cuban university.
Authors: Rivero Peña Yasnalla , Hechavarría Hernández Jesús Rafael
Published: February 2023

En este artículo se presenta la propuesta de incorporar una guía de evaluación para promover el aprendizaje activo de los temas de calidad de software en la formación del ingeniero informático. La guía de las prácticas probadas y la metodología propuesta fueron concebidas bajo el método pedagógico del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, ABP, con adaptaciones especiales para la ingeniería. Se describe la aplicación de la estrategia en la asignatura de Ingeniería de Software en los cursos académicos 2015- 2016 de la Facultad de Informática en la Universidad de Holguín, Cuba.
How System of Rice Intensification Conserve Resources, Benefits Environment and Resilient to Climate Change
Authors:   ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Thakur Amod Kumar
Published: February 2023

Conventional paddy production is the world’s largest single consumer of water and uses 34-43% of the total world’s irrigation water or 24-30% of the total world’s freshwater withdrawals. Water scarcity constrains agricultural production, particularly for rice, one of the most important global food crops. Adopting a system of rice intensification (SRI) can raise yields and income while using lesser water and other inputs. Additional benefits of SRI are diminished greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, less runoff water pollution, and greater climate resilience. Changes in crop and water management practices for growing rice offer improvement in food security, could conserve resources, benefits the environment, and be adaptable to climate change. Evidence to support these facts is discussed here in this paper.
System of Crop Intensification – An Experience with SRI Policies and Perspectives
Authors:   Senior Professor & University Head, Dept. of Agril. Economics, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar,  Hyderabad, K Suhasini , D Srinivasa Reddy ,   Field Officer, CCS, Hyderabad, TM Dinesh ,   Assistant Statistician, CCS, Hyderabad
Published: February 2023

Indian population growth by 2030 is expected to be 1.515 billion surpassing China with the present trend of reduction in arable land created a challenge on the sustainability of food production system. Countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America due to the population pressure and to safeguard the food security have adopted a system of crop intensification among various crops like wheat, finger millet, sugarcane, mustard, soybean and kidney bean. The system of crop intensification along with new technologies could show crop improvement in the growth of yield during the previous decade (2011-12 to 2021-22) in rice-wheat. There is an evident yield gain particularly in SRI cultivation as reported by many researchers. The technologies of SRI advocate intensive use of some inputs combined with organic components making the plant sturdy for better intake of nutrients. Studies on standardization of the techniques for SCI by repeated experimentation are observed as a lacuna by the present study. The recent alternatives like using less quantum and more efficient use of water recommended by dry seeded rice techniques in compression with SCI techniques were not tested with ground reality. The changes perceived with the policies related to irrigation, procurement, price policy and trade policy are examined in the present study. Additional areas brought into irrigation were always converted into rice fields. Due to area expansion and also by the potential yield gains by SCI, the whole enhanced production will reach the market for want of marketing. This excessive supply of rice reported by the balance sheet of rice which resulted in price crash, price volatility etc. Curbing the unnecessary area expansion under single mono cropping by diversifying with crops like millets, pulses and oilseeds. The excessive supply also creates a burden on procurement of grain which necessitates additional storage space public and private and payment burden on Central government as well as agencies like FCI. Instead of MSP as a whole a differential payment approach also can be adopted to reach more farmers and cover volumes of production. Moreover, additional supply may create more exports but the question of virtual water trade arises there resulting in a dilemma to expand exports or not. On the other hand, India being a strong exporter of rice can influence the imports of the exporting counties and flare up the food inflation in the world. All the above discussions favor the controlled and balanced production which may be affected through the SCI i.e., achieve the desirable production through reduced area under rice thereby allocating the remaining areas in cultivation of diversified crops. The experiences of rice can be replicated in other crops also.
System of Rice Intensification: Impacts on Crop Productivity and Saving Water in Africa
Authors:   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya, M Bancy Mati
Published: February 2023

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a package of practices that changes how rice is grown in paddies, which incredibly increases yields. Rather than fully flooded paddy systems, SRI involves among its practices, the alternate wetting and drying of paddies which saves water, use of less seeds, wider crop spacing, transplanting one seedling per hill and use of organic fertilizers, all of which result in a sturdier rice plant. Other benefits include better grain quality, healthier work environments through reduced water-borne disease vectors and as a climate-smart practice. Data from several African counties shows that SRI increases rice yields by between 20% to 80% depending on variety and local conditions, saves water by about 39% and reduces seed requirement by 66%. SRI has been adopted by millions of farmers worldwide, while within Africa, some 25 countries are documented to have adopted SRI. This paper presents the opportunities inherent in enhancing and promoting SRI adoption of the in Africa. To facilitate this, the SRI-Africa knowledge portal was launched in 2018. The portal collates and shares data, information, publications and happenings in SRI from African counties, thus facilitating promotion of SRI in Africa and worldwide (visit https://sri-africa.net/).
Sustainable Agricultural Intensification and Climate Smart Agricultural Practices for Improved Food and Climate Security
Authors:   Distinguished Professor and Director, R.O. Kruse Endowed Professor Feed the Future Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA, PV Vara Prasad
Published: February 2023

The grand challenge of increasing production and access to nutritious and safe food to meet growing populations under threat to climate change and climate variability requires systems and transdisciplinary approaches towards agri-food systems. Sustainable agricultural intensification (SAI) focuses on increasing agricultural production from existing farmland without any adverse environmental impacts. There are three major components of SAI which include: (i) genetic intensification (e.g., focused on improving yields, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to abiotic stresses, increasing nutritional quality of food products, and using precision breeding, genetics, and genomics tools); (ii) ecological intensification (e.g., focused increasing diversification, farming, cropping and agroforestry systems, resource use efficiency, integrated water, nutrient and pest management); and (iii) socio-economic intensification (e.g., focused on markets, value addition, income generation, policy, creating enabling environment, and building social capital). Climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices emphasize greenhouse gas emissions, water footprint, and focus on both adaptation and mitigation strategies. Few selected SAI and CSA practices include minimum and no-tillage; cover crops; crop diversity and genotypes selection for effective water use and stress tolerance; diversification (crop mixtures and rotations; perennials, agroforestry systems; forage crops; dual purpose crops); and nutrient recycling from livestock. Overall, developing adoption and scaling of these practices will require convergence of biophysical and social sciences, participatory approaches, public and private sector engagement and commitment of resources from all donor agencies for research and development, human and institutional capacity building.
Climate Change: Impact, Issues and Strategies
Authors:   Director ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, - Vinod Kumar Singh
Published: February 2023

Agriculture production of India has been continuously rising; however, India still continues to have an alarming figure of undernourished population. Global climate change is widely viewed as one of the most significant challenges society is facing today. Combined with increased competition for land, water and labour from non-food sectors, climate change and associated increase in climatic variability will exacerbate seasonal or annual fluctuations in food yield. There are many options to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change, to minimize risks to agricultural systems. Options range from change in crop management, such as sowing time, stress resistance varieties, change in cropping systems and land use, to adjust to new climates. Government of India through its various schemes are also helping the country to adapt and mitigate the vagaries of climate. CRIDA with the help of NICRA and its climate related studies are identifying and demonstrating various climate resilient technologies to Indian farmers
Policy Planning for Scaling Up of System of Crop Intensification by Adaptation of Climate Resilient Practices Towards Food Security and Improving Agricultural Production
Authors:   Director Extension Education Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, RK Sohane
Published: February 2023

Climate change is one of the most extreme challenges Indian agriculture is facing today and will have to deal with in future. There have been overwhelming and growing scientific evidences to establish that the world is getting warmer due to climate change and such increasing weather variability and worsening extremes will impact the agriculture sector more and more adversely. The sheer scale of involvement of the poor in agriculture calls for an effort to meet the challenge of climate change head-on through resilience building measures that work through a system of adaptive and mitigation strategies. Considering that new approaches are needed, development and deployment of new technologies, advocacy and capacity building have an extremely important role to play not only to build farmer’s capability but to help in changing the mind-set as well. Both short term and long terms outputs are expected from the project in terms of new and improved varieties of crops, management practices that help in adaptation and mitigation and inputs for policy making to mainstream climate resilient agriculture in the developmental planning. The overall expected outcome is enhanced resilience of agricultural production to climate variability in vulnerable regions.
Spread of Drip Irrigation and Fertigation in India and its Role in Enhancing Water Productivity of Rice Crop
Authors:   Chief Agronomist, (Global) Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India, P Soman
Published: February 2023

Micro irrigation is found to be the only alternative to sustain irrigated crops in a scenario of impending shortage of fresh water the country is facing. Farmers in India have successfully adopted MI taking the country to number one position in MI coverage (16.6 million ha) in the world. Continuing with the adoption process, even rice crop is successfully grown with drip irrigation. Data on yield, water consumption and water productivity of basmati rice grown in selected farmers’ field with drip irrigation in Haryana is reported here. Rice yield improved by 10-18%, water consumption reduced by 51% and water productivity enhanced by 63%. The drip system could also be adapted to the rotation crop in the rice-wheat cropping system.
Evolving Seed System for System of Crop Intensification: Policy Needs
Authors:   Ex-Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India, KS Varaprasad , C Lavanya ,   Principal Scientist, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, India, S Bhagya Laxmi ,   Associate Director, Watershed Associated Support Services Activities Network, Hyderabad, India, A Ravindra ,   Director, Watershed Associated Support Services Activities Network, Hyderabad, India
Published: February 2023

System of Crop Intensification (SCI) evolved as an extension of applying the principles of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) to other crops, aims at improving agronomic performance while conserving and enriching the natural resources. It is largely presumed to be crop and variety neutral. Crop performance is a function of genotype and environment. Ideal plant type of released varieties in several crops is conceptualized, developed and evaluated in monocropping system and not tested for SCI needs. Success of any crop improvement program depends on setting up of priorities based on community needs and consumer preferences. There are few examples of demonstrating release of farmer varieties through participatory varietal selection (PVS) and participatory plant breeding (PPB). Specific plant type suitable and breeding approaches for SCI are briefly discussed. An attempt is also made to address the need for linking SCI with identification of suitable genotype, ensuring access to quality seed supported by an appropriate seed system in place and to highlight the policy needs in the context. An alternative seed system for the varieties identified for SCI is proposed.
System of Rice Intensification National Network Bangladesh (SRINNB) Enhancement of Food Security and Climate Resilient Livelihood Opportunities for the Farming Community in Bangladesh - An Exploratory Study Report
Authors:   Member, Executive Committee, SRI NNB, Bangladesh, Chowhan Gopal , AM Muazzam Husain ,   Coordinator, SRI NNB and Chairman, Bangladesh Rice Foundation
Published: February 2023

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) was initiated in Bangladesh in 1999-2000 when the government’s Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) and CARE-Bangladesh introduced SRI to a few groups of farmers in Kishoregonj. The average SRI yields in that first Boro season were 6.5-7.5 tonne per ha, which was around 20% higher than farmer practice. The SRI movement started in 2000 after Prof. Norman Uphoff visited Dhaka and spoke on the benefits of SRI to representatives of agricultural-related organisations and NGOs in the BRAC Head Office. The objectives of SRI NNB are to enhance crop intensification, production, and income for the farmers. The crop intensification initiative of SRI NNB followed the farmer participatory action (PAR) research approach for involving the farmers in undertaking field experiments, observation, analysis, and adoption processes to increase farm productivity and income. Though SRI practice was initiated about two decades ago in Bangladesh, it didn’t expand much throughout the country. The farmer to- farmer extension took place in localized proximity. Institutional management support and resource allocation are considered to be inevitable to expand the benefit of SRI among the farmers. It is expected that farmers might exercise the SRI principles in other crops as well. The recent emerging impact of climate change is to be addressed together with SRI practice and appropriate climate smart technologies in Bangladesh to improve food security of the poor and marginal farmers.
Actionable Policy Options for Scaling-Up System of Rice Intensification for Ensuring Higher Productivity, Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Rice Production
Authors:   Senior Scientist(Ag.Economics), ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad, India, Bandumula Nirmala
Published: February 2023

Globally, India stands first in rice area and second in rice production. To feed the growing population, rice production has to be increased amid strong competition for limited resources including land. Also, concerns have been raised about yield gaps in rice. The system of rice intensification is one of the strategies to narrow the yield gaps. Rice is the major crop in India, therefore, the identification of an energy-efficient rice cultivation system is important to food security and sustainable intensification (SI). Hence, a comparison was made between conventional and the system of rice intensification (SRI) methods of rice cultivation by conducting two experiments. One field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2017 at 25 locations across India under the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project and another experiment was conducted in 2017 using surveys by collecting data from 262 randomly selected SRI farmers using a personal interview method in the Telangana state of India. The 5-year experimental data revealed that the SRI method of cultivation produced higher rice grain yield (up to 55%) compared to the conventional transplanting method. Survey data revealed that total costs of rice production reduced by 22.71% under SRI. Break even output under SRI was reduced by 58.1%. Adoption of SRI saved total energy inputs by 4350 MJ/ ha. The energy productivities were 0.16 kg/MJ and 0.21 kg/MJ for conventional and SRI methods, respectively. Therefore, for ensuring higher productivity, net returns, energy efficiency and sustainable rice production it is recommended to adopt an environmentally friendly SRI method of crop establishment in the Telangana region of India. Based on the constraints as perceived by the farmers, policy options for scaling up of SRI are suggested.
Impact of Rice Cultivation Methods on Insect Pest Incidence and Their Management
Authors:   Principal Scientist (Retd.), Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, India, Katti Gururaj , Ch Padmavathi ,   Principal Scientist (Entomology), Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30, India
Published: February 2023

Under the influence of fluctuating global climate scenario and limited resources of water availability, different methods of rice cultivation like System of rice intensification (SRI), Direct seeded rice (DSR), Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and Aerobic rice have become popular as alternatives to conventional transplanting method. Due to these shifting cultivation situations, insect pest profiles have also undergone changes with associated influence on beneficial insects and other natural enemies. Multi-location studies carried out under All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project (AICRIP) have revealed significantly less incidence of major pests like stem borers, planthoppers in SRI compared to normal rice transplanting method. Overall, the SRI method leads to more robust plant health with enhanced capacity to resist pest attacks. In case of DSR, AICRIP studies have consistently revealed higher incidence of all the insect pests in the normal transplanted method compared to DSR. However, few reports have indicated association of insect pest outbreaks with higher seed rate and plant densities. Limited studies have shown that AWD also has the potential to minimize the incidence of insect pests and diseases compared to irrigated rice. However, soil borne pests, particularly root-knot nematode can be more damaging under aerobic conditions. Field cum laboratory studies carried out at ICAR IIRR on impact of cultivation systems on the rich insect biodiversity in rice have revealed association of higher total abundance and greater richness of beneficial insect species with SRI management.
Microbial Inoculation can Enhance SRI Performance and Reduce Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Rice
Authors:   Nepal Agricultural Research Council-National Plant Pathology Research Center, Khumaltar, Lalitpur Nepal, Khadka Ram Bahadur
Published: February 2023

Microbes play crucial roles in plant survival and fitness by mobilizing soil nutrients, enhancing plant performance by producing phytohormones, and protecting plant from biotic and abiotic stresses. SRI crop management system, extrapolatable to improve production of other crops beyond rice, aims to create the best growing environment above and below ground and to mobilize various services from microbes to increase factor productivity. Inoculating crop plants with effective microbial agents, either in consortia or separately, enhances rice crop performance in various ways. This paper presents results from field experiments and offers some explanation of mechanisms accounting for the higher productivity and performance of SRI rice plants with augmentation of microbial agents in soil.
КӨПІР ҚҰРЫЛЫСТАРЫНА КІРЕБЕРІСТЕРДЕ ЖАҒАЛАУ НЕГІЗІН КҮШЕЙТУДІ МОДЕЛЬДЕУ
Authors: ШАЛКАРОВ А.А. , ШАЛКАР К.А.
Published: February 2023

В работе выполнено численное и аналитическое моделирование методов усиления основания насыпи и вариант снижения нагрузки на слабое основание. По результатам численного моделирования и аналитических расчетов получены значения усилий и деформаций в конструкциях, на основе которых выполнено техническое сравнение и оптимизация существующего проекта.

Жұмыс жағалаудың негізін нығайту әдістерін сандық және аналитикалық модельдеуді және әлсіз негізге жүктемені азайту нұсқасын жасады. Сандық модельдеу және аналитикалық есептеулер нәтижелері бойынша құрылыстардағы күштер мен деформациялардың мәндері алынды, олардың негізінде қолданыстағы жобаны техникалық салыстыру және оңтайландыру жүргізілді.

Numerical and analytical modeling of the methods of strengthening the foundation of the embankment and the option of reducing the load on a weak foundation are carried out in the work. Based on the results of numerical modeling and analytical calculations, the values of forces and deformations in structures were obtained, on the basis of which technical comparison and optimization of the existing project were performed.
ТЕПЛОСНАБЖЕНИЕ ЖИЛЫХ ДОМОВ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ТЕПЛОВЫХ НАСОСОВ
Authors: ТУРДАЛИЕВ А.Т. , ЖҰМАНОВ М.Ә. , БАЙЖҰМАНОВ Қ.Д. , ДЖУМАБЕКОВА Д.А.
Published: February 2023

Энергия тапшылығы әлем бойынша үлкен проблема тудырып отыр. Геотермальды энергия көздерін қолдана отырып тұрғын үйлерді жылу, сонымен қатар энергиямен қамтамасыз ету. Бұл жаңашыл, әрі әлеуеті зор экологиялық энергия көзі болып табылады. Осыған байланысты жұмыста топырақ пен жер асты сулары, төмен потенциалды энергия көздеріне жылу сорғыларын қолдана отырып, автономды жылумен жабдықтау жүйесі қарастырылған.

Энергодефицит представляет большую проблему во всем мире. Теплоснабжение, а также энергоснабжение жилых домов с использованием геотермальных источников энергии, это инновационный и перспективный источник экологической энергии. В этой связи, в работе приведено автономное теплонабжение с применением тепловых насосов к источникам энергии с низким потенциалом грунтовых и подземных вод.

Energy shortage is a big problem all over the world. Heat supply, as well as energy supply of residential buildings using geothermal energy sources, is an innovative and promising source of ecological energy. In this regard, the paper presents an autonomous heat supply using heat pumps to energy sources with a low potential of ground and groundwater.
АКТИВАЦИЯ ЦЕМЕНТНОЗОЛЬНОШЛАМОВОГО ВЯЖУЩЕГО МЕТОДОМ КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВАЦИИ
Authors: ДЖУМАБАЕВ М.Д. , МАХАМБЕТОВА У.К. , ЖАРЫЛГАПОВ С.М. , ДЖУМАБАЕВА К.М.
Published: February 2023

Мақалада тұтқыр заттектің бөлшегін қосымша активтенуіне бір мезгілде әсер етуші факторлар, КЭМА ұстанымы, КЭМА эффектін жүргізуге арналған арнайы құрылымдағы зертханалық диірмені, шар диірменінің жаңартылған құрылымы, жаңартылған диірменнің жұмыс ұстанымы, кешенді электромеханикалық активтендірілген байланыстырғыш қоспаның құрамы, байланыстырғышты кешенді электромеханикалық активтендіру кезінде цементтікүлдішламды ерітінді байланыстырғышының активтендіру механизмі, барабанды электрополяризация диірменінде ұсынылған тәсілмен қосымша ұнтақталған цемент үлгілерін сынау нәтижелері, электрокоагуляция процесінде байланыстырғыштың дисперсті бөлшектерінің поляризациясы және өзара тартылуы, тұтқыр заттектің бөлшектері мен судың шекарасында иондардың қос электр қабатының (ҚЭҚ) пайда болуының әсері, ұсынылған құрылғыда шикізат компоненттерінің тұтқырлық қасиеттерін арттыру шарттары, әр түрлі активация түрлерімен активтендірілген қоспаның ζ - электрокинетикалық потенциалын өлшеу нәтижелері келтірілген.

В статье описаны факторы, влияющие одновременно на дополнительную активацию частицы вяжущего вещества, принцип КЭМА, лабораторная мельница специальной конструкции для проведения эффекта КЭМА, обновленная конструкция шаровой мельницы, принцип работы обновленной мельницы, состав комплексной электромеханически активированной вяжущей смеси, механизм активации цементнозольношламового вяжущего при комплексной электромеханической активации вяжущего, результаты испытаний образцов цемента на барабанной электрополяризационной мельнице предложенным способом, поляризация и взаимное притяжение дисперсных частиц вяжущего в процессе электрокоагуляции, влияние образования двойного электрического слоя ионов (ДЭС) на границе частиц вяжущего вещества и воды, условия повышения вяжущих свойств компонентов сырья в предлагаемом устройстве, полученные результаты по измерению ζ - электрокинетического потенциала активируемой смеси при различных видах активации.

This article describes the factors that simultaneously affect the additional activation of the binder particle, KЭMA principle, a laboratory mill of special design for carrying out the KЭMA effect, the updated design of the ball mill, the principle of operation of the updated mill, the composition of the complex electromechanical activated binder mixture, the activation mechanism of a cement ash slurry binder during complex electromechanical activation of the binder, the results of testing cement samples on a drum electro polarization mill by the proposed method, polarization and mutual attraction of dispersed binder particles in the process of electrocoagulation, the effect of the formation of a double electric layer of ions (DES) at the boundary of the particles of the binder and water, conditions for increasing the binding properties of raw material components in the proposed device, the results obtained on the measurement of ζ - the electrokinetic potential of the activated mixture with various types of activation.
КӨМІРСУТЕКТЕРДІ ТАСЫМАЛДАУ САЛАСЫН ТҰРАҚТЫ ДАМЫТУ
Authors: ЕСТЕКОВА К.Ж. , ЕСТЕКОВА Г.Б.
Published: February 2023

Транспортировка нефти является стратегически важным направлением стабилизации экономики республики Казахстан. Цель статьи – проведение стратегического анализа через оценку факторов, влияющих на развитие отрасли: изменение цены на нефть, тарифы на транспортировку нефти, изменение курса национальной валюты, доступ к современным технологиям, уровень оплаты отечественных и привлекаемых специалистов. Рассматриваемые проблемы отрасли позволят повысить эффективность развития.

Мұнай тасымалдау Қазақстан Республикасының экономикасын тұрақтандырудың стратегиялық маңызды бағыты болып табылады. Мақаланың мақсаты – саланың дамуына әсер ететін факторларды бағалау арқылы стратегиялық талдау жүргізу: мұнай бағасының өзгеруі, мұнай тасымалдау тарифтері, ұлттық валюта бағамының өзгеруі, заманауи технологияларға қол жеткізу, отандық және тартылатын мамандардың төлем деңгейі. Саланың қаралып отырған проблемалары даму тиімділігін арттыруға мүмкіндік береді.

Oil transportation is a strategically important direction of stabilization of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to conduct a strategic analysis through the assessment of factors affecting the development of the industry: changes in oil prices, tariffs for oil transportation, changes in the exchange rate of the national currency, access to modern technologies, the level of payment of domestic and attracted specialists. The considered problems of the industry will increase the efficiency of development.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МОДЕЛИ MVC ПРИ СОЗДАНИИ ВЕБ-ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РЕСТОРАНА НА PHP
Authors: МИРКАСИМОВА Т.Ш.
Published: February 2023

Бұл мақалада MVC архитектуралық өрнегі интерактивті және динамикалық сайттарды құру үшін қолданылады. Тұрақты HTML парағы пайдаланушының әрекеттеріне қалай жауап беру керектігін білмейді. Екі жақты өзара әрекеттесу үшін динамикалық веб-парақтар қажет. MVC - бұл веб-қосымшаның динамикалық дамуын түсінудің кілті, сондықтан веб-әзірлеуші осы модельді білуі керек.

Для создания интерактивных и динамичных сайтов обычно используется архитектурный паттерн MVC. Статическая страница на HTML не умеет реагировать на действия пользователя. Для двухстороннего взаимодействия нужны динамические веб-страницы. MVC – ключ к пониманию разработки динамических веб-приложений, поэтому разработчику нужно знать эту модель.

The MVC architectural pattern is commonly used to create interactive and dynamic sites. A static HTML page does not know how to respond to user actions. Two-way interaction requires dynamic web pages. MVC is the key to understanding dynamic web application development, so a developer needs to know this model.
STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BUTTON MEDICK ( M. ORBICULARIS L.) RAW MATERIAL USING A MOLECULAR NETWORK
Authors:   1Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan, Mammadova Aytakin , Suleymanov Tahir ,   1Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan, Garayev Elnur ,   2 Aix-Marseille University, Laboratory of pharmacognosy-homeopathy, Marseille, France
Published: February 2023

In recent years, modern methods and equipment equipped with molecular network predictions have been widely used to study the chemical composition of plant raw materials. The purpose of the research is to analyze ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and n-butanol extracts obtained from raw materials of button medick (M. orbicularis L.) by HRMS (high-resolution mass spectrophotometry) and process the results obtained through the GNPS program (Cytoscape). As a result of the analysis, 54 biologically active substances were identified in the raw materials. Most of these compounds have been identified as phenolic compounds. Flavonoids include rutin, quercetin, isoquercetin, formononetin, peonidin from anthocyanins, and tanegozide from lignans. The presence of the above biologically active substances in plant raw materials gives grounds for using this raw material as a promising raw material source in further research.
STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DATURA STRAMONIUM L. FROM THE FLORA OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   1Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology and Chemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan, Valiyeva Adila , Garaev Eldar , Ismayılova Shahnaz , Baylarova Aytan ,   1Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology and Chemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan,   1Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology and Chemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan,   2Azerbaijan Food Safety Institute, National Reference Laboratory, Baku, Azerbaijan, Ahmadova Kamala ,   3Azerbaijan Food Safety Institute, Baku Regional Testing Laboratory, Baku, Azerbaijan, Musayeva Arzu ,   Azərbaycan Qida Təhlükəsizliyi İnstitutu, Bakı Regional Sınaq Laboratoriyası, Bakı, Azərbaycan
Published: February 2023

By using GC-MS and HPLC-MS methods, alkaloids have been investigated in the Datura stramonium (thorn apple) from the flora of Azerbaijan. Totally 40 nortropane, tropane and pyrrolidine derivatives have been identified in the plant samples. Atropines have been quantified in the aerial parts of plant by using HPLC-DAD method in comparison with analytical standard of substance. Atropine was 4.353 mg/g in the dried plant sample. Spermidine and tyramine derived natural polyamines have been detected in the aerial parts of plant by performing HPLC-MS method. Sterols have been tested in the seed oil of plant in comparison with analytical standards of cholesterol, kaempesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol by using GC-FID method. ICP-MS have been performed for qualitative and quantitative determination of 6 macroelements and 13 microelements in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of plant. Along with heavy metals, several elements, which have macro- and micronutrient importance, have been determined in the samples.
THE ROLE OF LYMPHO-STIMULATORY CORRECTION IN DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyev Sabir , Mammadov Yagub ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyeva Aida ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Aliyeva Jamila ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Jafarova Nasiba ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Badalova Aytaj ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan, Guliyeva Asmetkhanim ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Pathological Physiology, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: February 2023

The purpose of investigation was studying of disturbances of lipid metabolism and intravascular coagulabil-ity of blood and lymph, the state of lymph circulation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy in experi-ment, as well as the lymph stimulating method of their correction. Diabetes mellitus was reproduced in rabbits by intravenous injection of 5% solution of alloxan and diabetic nephropathy was reproduced by unilateral ne-phrectomy. Atorvastatin and sulodexide were used as a method of correction of disturbances of lipid metabo-lism and changes in the parameters of coagulability. Modeling of unilateral nephroectomy in the laboratory animals with diabetes mellitus resulted in disturb-ances of lipid metabolism and intravascular coagulation of blood and lymph. The main changes were discov-ered in lymph circulation system. Usage of atorvastatin and sulodexide as a method of correction of these changes showed a positive dynamic. The study showed that complex use of these preparations has positive ef-fects not only in the correction of dislipoproteinemia and intravascular coagulation, but it also stimulates for-mation and transport of lymph. It was established that stimulation of lymph circulation is an important point in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPETITIVE MAP OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Azerbaijan Medical University, department of pharmaceutical technology and administration, Baku, Azerbaijan, Jalilova Kamala , Mansurova Leyla ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, department of pharmaceutical technology and administration, Baku, Azerbaijan, Zulfugarova Naila ,   Azerbaijan Medical University, department of pharmaceutical technology and administration, Baku, Azerbaijan
Published: February 2023

For the first time, a marketing analysis of the antibiotics market in Azerbaijan was carried out. Antibiotics representing 1370 product units are circulating under 63 international non-proprietary names. It was defined that the leadership is assigned to the group of cephalosporins, whose share is 25.9%, the second position is occu-pied by the group of fluoroquinolones (21.4%), the group of carbapenem closes the list with 1% of the total vol-ume of the market of antibiotics. A pharmacogeographical analysis of the antibiotics’ market by manufactur-ing countries was carried out, as well as a grouping by medicinal forms, dosing and price parameter. A survey conducted among 125 doctors enables to identify the ceftriaxone molecule as the market-leading antibiotic. A competitive map that could be used for the strategy and tactics of further positioning of this mole-cule in the Azerbaijani market was developed. According to I. Ansoff's matrix, the antibiotics market in Azerbai-jan was characterized as "Existing market - existing product", for which the "Penetration strategy" is recom-mended.