bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pyracantha, Hawthorn Lacebug Control, 1977
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Bogel David , Ree Bill
Published: March 2022

An ornamental planting of pyracantha was treated on June 23 in Stillwater, Oklahoma. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 sprayer, series L-1565 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 3 gal/min of finish spray at 300 psi. Plants were sprayed until runoff. Treatments were replicated two times. Temperature at time of treatment was 90°F. Mortality was determined by examining 10 leaves and recording the number of live nymphs and adults present.
Zinnia, Greenhouse Whitefly Control, 1977
Authors: Poe S. L. , Lester D. , Burgess S.
Published: March 2022

The effect of six foliar applied insecticides on whitefly was evaluated by dis-persing the materials with a hand sprayer onto single plant replicates of severely infested potted zinnia seedlings grown in the greenhouse. Single leaf per replicate counts were made of juvenile whiteflies before treatment and at three, seven and 14 days after treatment.
Cutworm Control on Dichondra Turf, California, 1977
Authors: Oetting Ronald , Morishita Frank S.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were tested for the control of granulate cutworm on dichondra in Orange and Los Angeles Counties. In Los Angeles County commercially available materials had not been effective in the control of this pest while in Orange County good control was still obtained. Each treatment was applied on 9 m , in randomized blocks, and replicated 4 times in Orange County not in area 1 and 2 times in area 2 in Los Angeles County. In Los Angeles County some of the treatments had to be terminated prematurely because of extensive cutworm damage.
Candidate Pesticides for Quarantine Use, 1977
Authors: Cawley Bryant M. , Sullivan W. N. , Schechter Milton S. , Jaffe Howard , Hayes Dora K. , Baylis Susan , Morgan Neal O. , Fons James
Published: March 2022

Test species were laboratory reared and transported by air or automobile to the test site in Miami, Florida. There, tobacco budworms and cockroaches were exposed in 1-gal paper tubs, boll weevils and mosquitoes in plastic “squat” cups, and brown dog ticks in plastic vials. Containers for mosquitoes and ticks were covered with 6 x 7 mesh/cm2 nylon screen, and all other containers were covered with a 4 x 4 mesh/cm nylon screen. Cockroaches were tested in both nymphal and adult stages; all other test insects were adult. Cages were arrayed in the center of 71 m3 test trailers. Dusts were formulated in Hi Sil 233 and introduced from outside by propelling with CO2 through the rear doors; while aerosols, formulated with Freon or with water and propane/isobutane and EC’s, applied with a Micro-Gen Sprayer, were released by an applicator from within the trailer. The aerosols and dusts were applied at rates used currently in quarantine pesticides applications in aircraft and trailers, and the EC’s were applied at a rate of 1.1 g/100 m3 (Al). The exposure period was 10 min with doors closed and 20 min with doors open. Mortality counts were made after 24 hrs. The average temperature during exposure and holding was 25° C. Tests were replicated twice, and the values were corrected according to Abbott’s formula and averaged.
Comparison of Three Kinds of Cockroach Traps, 1977
Authors: Lund Rea Dorette , Bennett Gary W.
Published: March 2022

The difference in catch effectiveness between threjijxinds of cockroach traps was compared. The traps tested were: (1) Johnson Wax Raic® Roach Trap without attractant, (2) Johnson Wax Raic® Roach Trap with attractant, and (3) Zoecon Black Flag® Roach Motel (contains attractant). Traps were placed in low income housing units (apartments) located in Indianapolis, Indiana. These units had poor sanitation conditions, maximum harborage, optimum temperature conditions, and contained very severe German cockroach infestations. Traps were installed in six locations in each apartment tested: (1) under the kitchen sink, (2) in a floor level cabinet across from the kitchen sink, (3) in a cabinet above the kitchen sink, (4) in a cabinet above the stove or refrigerator, (5) on the floor in a clothes closet near the kitchen, and (6) on a shelf in the pantry.
Polymeric Formulations of Insecticides For Cockroach Control, 1977
Authors: Reierson Donald A. , Rust Michael K.
Published: March 2022

German cockraoch field control tests with microencapsulated diazinon (Knox-Out 2FM) and microencapsulated resmethrin (Pencapthrin 0.25FM), laminated polymeric tapes containing 10% (by wf.) insecticide, and standard blatticides such as diazinon EC and Dursban EC, were conducted in a series of private apartments in Los Angeles. The 1- and 2- bedroom apartments had a total living area of ca. 74.3 m2 (800 ft2). Pre- and post-treatment infestation levels were determined by trapping in the kitchen of each apartment 1 week with two 0.95-liter Mason jars baited with fresh white bread. Trapped cockroaches were desiccated by a small amount of powdered clay in each trap. Statistical analyses (Wilcoxon’s signed-ranks test) were performed on pretreatment counts made 1 wk before treatment, and posttreatment counts made periodically up to 12 wks. With liquids, ca. 0.9 liter finish spray/apartment (9.5g a.i. in 1% spray) was applied to runoff from a 3.8-liter B&G compression sprayer equipped with a Spraying Systems Co.
Azidotriazine Poultry Water Additive for House Fly Control; Insect Growth Regulators, 1977
Authors: Townsend L. H. , Turner E. C.
Published: March 2022

Six hens and 6 roosters caged in groups of 3 by sex, received CGA-19255 via drinking water for 4 days. Treatment rates were 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm active ingredient. The same birds were used for all 3 rates, receiving untreated water for 3 weeks between each test. Four control groups of 3 roosters were given untreated water. One collective manure sample was taken daily from each of the 4 replicates and controls, placed in an emergence container, and seeded with 50 first-instar house fly larvae. Water consumption per bird was not recorded.
Apple, Insecticide Evaluation, 1977
Authors: Hall F. R.
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single tree plots in a randomized block design with 4 replicates, 1 each of Stayman, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Jonathan apple trees. Sprays were applied with a single hand gun from a truck-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer at 450 psi. All plots except the check were treated on May 9, and 24, and June 10, and 21 and July 7, and 21, plus August 15. Approximately 4.5 gallons of spray were applied per replicate tree. In addition, each plot except the untreated check received Captan 50W at 2 lb/100 gal at each treatment date. Apple aphid ratings were made by counting the number of infested terminals per tree on July 12. A minimum of 1 bushel of fruit per tree was randomly harvested and rated on September 21. (Red Delicious had no fruit because of a spring freeze).
Apple, Summer Mite Control Treatments, 1977
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J. , Thomas John H.
Published: March 2022

Acaricide treatments were applied in midseason to young Red Delicious trees. Due to spring freeze the trees were without fruit; therefore the grower had applied a minimum spray program. The acaricide treatments were applied with a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 540 psi. The trees were sprayed to run-off. Dual tree treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The mite populations were sampled at about one and two weeks after treatment. Twenty leaves were collected from each replicate and brushed with a machine of a modified Henderson-McBurnie type. The dislodged mites were trapped on the surface of a revolving glass plate in a thin layer of dilute polyvinyl alcohol (Emcol 5100). Sections of the plate were counted; from this the total number of mites in each sample was calculated. The first treatment was made on June 15. A second treatment was applied on July 1 to all plots except the higher rate of RH 6564; this treatment was omitted for lack of material.
Apple, Test of Insecticides, 1977
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Asquith Dean
Published: March 2022

Experimental sprays were applied to run-off to single-tree plots in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of York Imperial and 2 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treated single-trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35 gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Spray dates for the test insecticides were: May 16, 31, June 14, 28, July 13, 27, Aug 10 and 24. During the spray of May 31, the experimental materials were mistakenly placed in a lower gallonage of water, increasing their concentration by 50%. On Aug. 2, 43 g Plictran 50W/100 gallons was applied to run-off on all replicates treated with the Ambush compounds. During May, general sprays involving Cyprex, Polyram, sulfur, and calcium chloride were applied with an airblast sprayer at 50 gallons of water/acre to the whole experimental block.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, 1977
Authors: Weires R. W. , Smith G. L.
Published: March 2022

Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, 1977: Insecticide treatments were evaluated in a seasonal control program conducted in a thirteen-year-old planting on the EM 2 rootstock. Eight-tree plots containing from 5 to 7 different apple cultivars were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied dilute to runoff using ca 3.8 gal spray/tree (370 gal/acre) with a handgun sprayer at 425 psi. Treatments were applied at pink (Mcintosh) April 19, petal fall May 13, and in 6 cover sprays -- May 25, June-13, June 27, July 14, July 28, and Aug 11. The Ambush, Croneton + Guthion, Dipel, and Penncap treatments were applied June 9, but 2.2 in. of rain fell shortly after application and prior to drying, so they were reapplied with the rest of the treatments on June 13. Additional sprays applied over the entire block for disease control included: Difolatan 4F 5 qt/100 gal, Apr 1 (Handgun application), and Cyprex 65W 8 oz/100 gal on May 3, May 16, June 6, and June 21 (airblast application, 3X, 133 gal/acre). The ‘Rome Beauty’ and ‘Cortland’ cultivars were thinned with 8 ppm NAA, while the ‘Golden Delicious’ were thinned with 16 ppm NAA on May 18. A miticide (Plictran 50W 4 oz/100 gal) was applied along with the following treatments on July 14: Ambush 25W, Dipel W, Penncap 2F, SD 43775 2.4EC 1.3 oz, and Sumithion 40W. Above normal temperatures during April resulted in an early bloom and consequent early harvest. Rainfall was below normal for May and June but above normal for September.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, 1977
Authors: Bode W. M. , Spongier V. W.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to Bartlett pear trees in three locations: at Arendtsville and in Entomology and Horticulture plantings at Biglerville. Dilute sprays were applied to run-off with a handgun attached to a hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Single-tree plots were replicated twice in the experiments conducted at Arendtsville and in the Entomology planting. Two-tree plots replicated three times in a randomized block design were treated in the Horticulture planting. Treated plots were separated by trees not sprayed with insecticides. For Test 1 at Arendtsville, the treatments were applied April 11 and May 17. Treatments for Test 2 were applied July 15. In the Entomology planting, treatments for Test 1 were applied April 11 and for Test 2 on June 2. In the Horticulture planting, treatments for Test 1 were applied June 14 and for Test 2 on July 14. Benlate, 4 oz ai/100 gal, was sprayed on all pear trees on June 30 and July 19. For mite control Plictran, 2 oz ai/100 gal, was applied on July 16 and Carzol, 1.2 oz ai/100 gal, on August 2 to the Entomology and Horticulture plantings.
Pear, Cutworm Control, 1977
Authors: Fisher G. T. , Howell J. Franklin
Published: March 2022

Four insecticides were evaluated for control of natural populations of the spotted cutworm in pears that were in the delayed dormant or summer stage of development. Except in one test, spray (1/2 gal/m2) was applied to the cover crop and soil surface around the tree trunk (plots ca. 1 m2) with a low pressure lawn and garden ("Hudson") type sprayer with TEEJET nozzles. The summer application of Lorsban was made with a handgun using a Bean piston pump sprayer at a pump pressure of 500 psi, at a rate of 10 gal of spray/plot (9x9 m). At 50days posttreatment, the plots were searched for surviving (and dead) cutworms. The spring population consisted only of the spotted cutworm, but the summer population was mixed-about equally divided between spotted cutworm and bertha armyworm.
Pears, Pear Psylla Control, 1977
Authors: Howell J. F. , Fye R. E. , Sevigny T. J.
Published: March 2022

Spurs bearing 10-15 psylla eggs were collected from mature Bartlett pear trees in April. In the laboratory each spur was dipped (in and out), 6 replicates each, in each of the insecticides listed and then fixed upright in a flask with the base of the spur immersed in water to keep the spur fresh. The treated spurs were held at room temperature (21-22°C) in natural daylight. Evaluation of ovicidal activity was made at 5 days post-hatch of the eggs in the check by counting the hatched and unhatched eggs.
Cherry Fruit Fly Control, 1977
Authors: Aliniazee M. T.
Published: March 2022

Three different insecticides were tested for the control of the western cherry fruit fly in an abandoned, mixed variety cherry orchard located in Benton County, Oregon. Single tree plots were sprayed to the point of run-off using a powered, pull-tank type sprayer with a hand gun. The sprays were applied at 300-350 psi pressure and at a rate of about 250 gallons/acre. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized design. The fly emergence in the study orchard was checked by employing Zoecon’s Pherocon-AM traps and treatment timing determined accordingly. Chemicals were applied on June 8, June 18, and June 28, 1977. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by collecting 100 cherries/plot (400 cherries/treatment) and examining for fly stings and maggots under a binocular microscope.
Rose Chafer Control on Concrod Grapes, N. Kingsville, Ohio, 1977
Authors: Williams Roger N.
Published: March 2022

This experiment was conducted in a portion of a producing vineyard which had a problem with rose chafer adults each spring. Grape rows were planted on 10 ft centers with 8 ft between trunks in the row. Each row was a block containing a replicate of each treatment. A replicate was composed of 5 adjacent vines in the row with 4 replicates/treatment. The 10 treatments were completely randomized within each block. A single application was made on June 5, soon after rose chafer adults were first observed feeding on the grape blossom buds. Application was made at the rate of 100 gpa with a Hudson 6209, 2-gal Favorite sprayer at 40 psi. Damage was evaluated by examining 3 different shoots on the 3 center vines in each plot. At each location, 2 clusters on a single shoot were rated according to the number of buds, flowers or berries missing from the 2 clusters collectively. Ratings were as follows: 1 = 1-10 missing; 2 = 11-25 missing, and 3 = 26-40 missing. The damage ratings listed below are means of the 12 readings made from a treatment on the given date. Considerably less damage was observed in 1977 than in the 2 preceding years.
Strawberry Weevil Control, 1977
Authors: Schaefers George A. , Labanowska Barbara H.
Published: March 2022

Experimental plantings consisted of 2-ft wide matted rows of strawberry plants. Each treatment was replicated once in each of 4 blocks, with each replication consisting of 3 rows 200 ft in length. Treatments were applied with a row crop sprayer at 50 gpa on May 6 and on May 18. Test 1 was conducted on ’Sunrise’ variety strawberries at Genoa, NY while Test 2 was conducted on ‘Fletcher’ variety strawberries at Weedsport, NY. Fifty flower clusters were collected from Test 1 and Test 2 on May 25 and May 31, respectively. The samples were returned to the laboratory and the percent of clipped blossoms for each replication was determined.
Use of Insecticide/Surfactant Formulations for Citrus Blackfly Control, 1977
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L. , Vaughan A. W. , Fitzpatrick G. E.
Published: March 2022

Orthene (e rates) and Cythion (2 rates) were tested alone and in combination with the surfactant Atplus 41 IF (2 rates) for control of citrus blackfly on citrus. Test trees were 2 species (randomly mixed) of potted citrus (ht. = 5’-6’), heavily infested with citrus blackfly and maintained in an outdoor screen-house. The test was divided into two parts. The first group of trees was sprayed on Aug 15’77, the second on Aug 23’77. Control trees were not sprayed. Chemicals were applied to the run-off point (ca. 1 gal/tree) with a hand-type pump sprayer. Trees were arranged in a randomized block design. Leaves were sampled prior to treatment, and again ca. 2 and 4 weeks after treatment. Five leaves per tree were selected for evaluation of larval mortality, which was determined with the aid of dissecting needles and a binocular microscope.
Two-Spotted Spider Mite Control on Beans With a Soil-Applied Systemic Insecticide, 1977
Authors: Stoltz Robert L.
Published: March 2022

Kimberly, Idaho. Temik 15% granules were applied at planting May 27, 1977, and sidedressed 20 days after planting. At planting the granules were spread with a Gandy Bander in a 7-inch (17.8 cm) band behind a cultivator sweep. The seed was planted 1 inch (2.5 cm) deep and covered with a soil and Temik mixture by means of a disc hiller. The sidedress application was applied with a driven granular applicator in a band 3 inches (7.6 cm) to the side of the plant 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) deep, and on the water side of the furrow. Each plot was 6 rows wide and 25 ft (7.5 m) long. Each treatment level and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The motile forms of the mite were counted in 225 mm2 areas of bean leaves. Four counts per plot per sampling date were taken for a total of 900 mm2 per plot per sampling date. The plants in 10 ft (3 m) of the center two plot rows were hand pulled, placed in burlap bags, and dried. The beans were threshed and debris and dirt removed by hand. Yield weights were recorded as grams of beans per 20 ft (50 cm) of row and converted to cwt/A (kg/ha).
Cabbage Looper Control on Broccoli, 1977
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D.
Published: March 2022

’Waltham 29’ brocoli seed was planted August 11, 1977, with a Stanhay precision planter, which planted 2 seed rows per 40-inch bed. Planting was in Laveen clay loam soil in a dry seed bed, and the crop furrow irrigated. Plants were hand thinned on September 13 to 18-inch spacing. Treatments were replicated four times in a complete randomized block. Spray applications were started September 19 and were applied at approximately weekly intervals for a total of six applications. Sprays were applied using a 2-gallon CO2-pressurized back-pack sprayer with a 2-nozzle boom. The sprayer was operated at 50-55 psiand and applied 35 gallons of spray per acre. A single hollow-cone nozzle was used per row of the young plants; as the plants became larger 2 nozzles per row were employed.
Control of Worms and Aphids on Cabbage, 1977
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

A block of ‘Eastern Baldhead" cabbage planted July 24, 1977, by a grower (Robert Wiggin, Stratham, New Hampshire) was utilized. Spray treatments were made every 7 days to 20-foot rows of established trans-plants replicated four times and arranged in a Lattin square design using a 1-gallon B & G hand sprayer pressurized to 40 psi with CO2 and delivering 24 gallons of spray per acre. All combination treatments were tank mixed. Topical granular treatments were made at 14-and 28-day intervals using a Gandy plot applicator and directing the granules in a 7-inch band over the plants. Evaluations were made by counting the number of worms on each of 10 plants per replicate on August 25, 1977. Cabbage aphid control was determined by counting the number of plants per replicate that had at least one live aphid colony. Percent marketable heads was determined on November 10, 1977.
Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm Control on Cabbage, 1977
Authors: Canceladoand Rafael E. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Late Flat Dutch’ cabbage was planted May 11 in the greenhouse and transplanted into the field June 10 at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots were a single row 17 ft long, spaced 40 inches apart, with 18-inch in-row plant spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. The insecticides were applied July 22 and August 11 with a 2-gal, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer in 137 gal water/acre at ca 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of cabbage looper and imported cabbageworm larvae on 7 plants/plot. Counts were made on July 25 and August 12.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1976
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A.
Published: March 2022

‘Market Prize’ cabbage was transplanted on May 5, 1976, at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, North Carolina. Single-row plots 25 ft long were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design with 5-ft alleys between replications. Nine treatments were applied weekly beginning June 14 and ending July 19, for a total of 6 applications. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2-pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow-cone nozzle. Cabbage heads were harvested and worm damage evaluations were made on July 26. A 1-5 rating scale was used: 1 indicating no damage and 5 indicating heavy damage. A count was also made of diamondback larvae, imported cabbageworms, and cabbage loopers. The number of plants infested with aphids was recorded.
Celery, Vegetable Leafminer Control, 1977
Authors: Denton W. H. , White J. M. , Musgrave C. A. , Bennett D. R.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated for control of light-moderate populations of vege-table leafminer and its parasites on celery in Orange County, Florida, on an Everglades mucky peat soil during February-April 1977. Foliar sprays were applied weekly with a tractor-mounted sprayer comparable to commercially available equipment at 107 gallons of spray per acre with 150 psi. Dipel at 0.5 pound per acre and Dithane M-45 at 1.5 pounds per acre were included in each treatment of each plot for control of lepidopterous pests and foliar diseases. Kocide 101 at 2 pounds per acre was applied every third week. Plots were 6 ft wide and 25 ft long and replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design.
Potato:

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Californicus

Control, Aberdeen, IDAHO, 1973
Authors: Carpenter G. P. , Scott D. R.
Published: March 2022

The soil was a Declo silt loam, less than 2% organic matter. Broadcast and sidedress treatments were applied in the same experiment. Each plot was four rows wide (3.7 m) and 6.1 m long. Each treatment was replicated six times in a lattice design. The field was tilled the morning of May 17 and the broadcast treatments, CGS-12223, ethoprop and chlorpyrifos, were applied. Weighed amounts of insecticide was applied to each plot with a cyclone-type hand-driven granular spreader in four crisscross traverses of the plot.
Insecticide Tests Against the Green Peach Aphid on Potatoes, Tests 8, 9, AND 10, 1977
Authors: Powell D. M. , Mondor W. T.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on April 20, 1977 in Ritzville silt loam soil at Yakima, Washington. The insecticides were applied in 187 liters of spray/ha to plots 2 rows wide, 1.72 m., and 12.19 m long. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The application dates for Tests 8, 9, and 10 were June 17, 30, and July 13, respectively. The crop was sprinkler irrigated the day before treatment and was not irrigated for 7 days after treatment. Fifteen compound potato leaves were collected from each plot of each test on 3-4 dates. The total number of aphids and the percent of leaves infested were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Foliar Sprays, Test 11, 1977
Authors: Powell D. M.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on April 20, 1977, in Ritzville silt loam soil at Yakima, Washington. The native population of Colorado potato beetles present in the area was Mowed to infest the planting so a relatively uniform infestation of beetle adults and larvae was evident about July 1. On July 5, the test materials were each applied in 187 liters of spray/ha with a 2-row CO2 sprayer to plots 2 rows wide (1.7 m) and 7.6 m long. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Approximately 24 h after treatment (July 6) the foliage between the 2 treated rows was slightly brushed todislodge live Colorado potato beetles, and 1-sq-m area in each plot was searched for dead and live adults and larvae. Also on July 8 the potato plants in 1.5 m of row/plot were examined for live adults and larvae. The percent control was calculated, and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Insecticides to Control Wireworms, Systena Flea Beetles and Sweet Potato Flea Beetles, 1977
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Savage Carroll , Francis John
Published: March 2022

‘Julian’ sweet potato sprouts were transplanted Jun 6 in 3 ft rows with 12-inch spacing. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 5 rows, 25 ft long with a single untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. The soil type was a sassafras fine sandy loam. The soil temperature at transplant depth was 104°F at transplanting and subsequent temperatures much higher than normal. Various methods of treatment were employed and are designated as follows: PreplantIncorporated (PPI) - Broadcast overall on Jun 6 by means of a Root-Lowell rotary hand duster or a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, hand-operated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 40 gallons/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith E-147 adjustable cone nozzle, and disced into the top 4-5 inches within 2 hours after treatment; Root Swell (RS) - Broadcast over the foliage at the time of root swell on Aug 4; PPI + RS - Combination of the two methods above; PPI + RS + OF - MOCAP 10G broadcast overall and disced into the top 4-5 inches prior to transplanting Jun 6 followed by broadcast over the foliage at root swell on Aug 4 and another broadcast application over the foliage at 1 month (Sep 6). PPI + Band - Dyfonate 10G applied PPI at 2 lbs ai/acre followed by Temik 15G at 2 lbs ai/acre in a 12 inch band ahead of transplanter, not worked into soil other than by action of transplanter; PPI + Layby - Temik 15G broadcast overall (3 lbs ai/acre) and disced into the top 4-5 inches prior to transplanting followed by UC 21865 75W (2 lbs ai/acre) and disced into the top 4-5 inches prior to transplanting followed by UC 21865 75WP (2 lbs ai/acre) over the foliage as a spray at last cultivation; Band + Layby - Temik 15G applied (3 lbs ai/acre) in a 12 inch band ahead of trans-planter (not worked into soil other than action of the transplanter) followed by UC 21865 75WP (2 lbs ai/acre) over the foliage as a spray at last cultivation; Band (12 in.) and Rototilled - Furadan 10G applied in a 12 in. band at 4.4 ounces active/1000 ft of row (4.0 lbs ai/acre for 36 inch rows), rototilled and then transplanted. The potatoes were harvested Oct 20‘77.
Control of Sweetpotato Flea Beetle Larvae on Sweet Potatoes, 1977
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

Goldmar sweet potato sprouts were planted in 3-row plots (32 inch row spacing), 45-ft in length, on May 27‘77. Plant population was approximately 14,000 plants/A. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All chemicals were applied broadcast with a shaker can. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Preplant treatments were applied May 25 and were incorporated 3-5 inches into the soil with a single disc-ing. Soil temperature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 23°C. Post plant treatments were applied over the foliage at root-swell on Jul 21. Yield data were taken from 3 sections of row, 30 feet in length. At harvest time 100 roots/treatment/replication were selected at random and examined for flea beetle larvae injury (shallow writing on the roots).
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Direct Seeded Tomatoes with Systemic Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Linduska James J. , Hochmuth Robert C.
Published: March 2022

Chico III and Campbell 28 tomatoes were direct seeded in alternating rows with a Planet Jr. Chico III tomatoes were planted on May 30 and Campbell 28 tomatoes were planted on Jun 5. The Chico III tomatoes served as buffer rows and were planted early so as to encourage an infestation of Colorado potato beetle. Plots consisted of a single row of tomatoes 45-ft long, buffered on each side by a guard row; distance between rows was 6 feet. When the plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12-inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All treatments were applied pre-plant in a 24-inch band using a small push type Gandy applicator on Jun 5. They were incorporated into the top 3-5 inches of soil with a rototiller. Soil temperature at the 4 inch depth at the time of treatment was 70°F. Soil was classified as a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. When plants were 3-4 inches tall, 10 plants were selected at random in each plot and rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from a 10 ft section in the center of each plot. Yield data from 5 different harvest dates were combined and reported in tons/acre. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Second Cutting Alfalfa Insect Control Study, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

Alfalfa was planted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, on Apr 23‘75, in a randomized block design of 3 replications (plot size 12ft x 25 ft - 300 square feet/plot). Six hundred lb/acre of 1 -10-40 with boron used for fertilization and Eptam and other PPI herbicides were used. Treatments were applied on Jun 30‘77 with CO2 bottle sprayer using 0.5 gallon bottles to deliver 72.6 GPA at 30 psi. Post treatment insect samplings were done at 11 days on July 11‘77 by using 10-180° insect sweep net collections per plot. Yields were taken at harvest on Jul 29‘77 by cutting a 6 x 21.5 (130 square feet) swath out of plot centers and weighing all hay cut. Samples were taken to determine percent DM by over drying analysis.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil in Alfalfa, 1978
Authors: Hellman John L. , Azarion G. , Newton P.
Published: March 2022

Two production locations were selected for this test. The Beltsville site is a sandy loam soil type with the Saranac AR variety of alfalfa. The Denton-Williamsburg alfalfa stand is grown on a sandy soil. The Denton stand was harvested 5 days before the Beltsville site so the crop developmental stage was similar. Tip damage levels at both sites exceeded the 50-60% level. Pupation was also underway in both areas. Treatment plots were 40 ft x 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates at each site. Precounts and treatments were made May 22 (Beltsville) and May 19 (Denton). Precounts averaged 100 larvae/sweep at Beltsville and 59 larvae/sweep at Denton. A random single 180° sweep with a 15 inch dia. net was made in each plot and the number of larvae recorded. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack” CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 30 psi. Post treatment counts were made May 26 Beltsville and May 24 Denton.
Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control, Missouri, 1978
Authors: Huggans J. L.
Published: March 2022

A test of insecticide efficacy on alfalfa weevil larvae was conducted May 23 through June 13 at Linneus, Missouri. The site was an old mixed stand of alfalfa and grass on Grundy silt loam having a 5-10% slope and 4-8 inch of surface soil. Sprays of the compounds under test were applied to 20 x 50 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Finished spray treatments were applied in 20 gpa (unless otherwise noted in the table) at 40 psi with an International Harvester Cub tractor rigged with a boom and power take-off powered roller pump. Treatments applied May 23 were evaluated May 30-31, June 6-7 and June 13 by plucking 15 individual stems per plot and extracting living larvae by heating for 24 hours in “Berlese” funnels. The evaluation was terminated June 13 when counts from two replicates indicated that pupation had reduced remaining larval densities below a meaningful level. Labeled insecticides recommended for weevil control by the University of Missouri included in the test as standards of comparison were: Imidan 50WP at 1.0 lb ai/a and Furadan 4F at 0.5 lb ai/a.
Northern Corn Rootworm Study, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted on the Roger Gleason Farm, Groton, NY. Field corn was planted and treated May 10‘77 in a field 300 ft x 500 ft with 36 inch row spacing previously planted to corn for the past four years. Seed was treated with Captan 75W + Methoxychlor 2% at 1.3 oz/100 lb plus hopper box application of Diazinon 33% Seed Treater at 4 oz per bushel. As a starter fertilizer, 150 lb 10-20-20/A was applied. Atrazine + Prowl 6E applied preemergence at 1 + 1.5 lb ai/A. Granular insecticide applied with E-Z Flo applicators at planting attached to a 4 row IH corn planter. This large block design test utilized commercial application and planting equipment. Fan spreaders mounted in front of the press wheel on the granular applicators were used to deliver a 5-7 inch band of chemical with shallow incorporation by the press wheel. Each block of corn consisted of 16 rows planted in length of 500 feet to equal half acre blocks. The middle three rows of corn were subsampled to obtain replication. Larval damage by the Northern Corn Rootworm was assessed on Sep 8‘77 and grain yields obtained on Oct 24‘77. In each large block, 3 randomly selected groups of 10 plants out of the middle 3 rows were dug, roots cleaned, and rated for root damage using the Iowa Root Rating Injury Indexing System (refer to table). At harvest, the lodging stand counts and number of ears were determined from each block for 3-1/1000 acre grain yield samplings.
Control of Cotton Thrips by Seed Treatment, 1978
Authors: Hairston William G. , MacFarlane John
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated for systemic activity against thrips. Stoneville 213 cottonseed were treated in a laboratory “tumbler” type seed treater on April 24‘78. All seed except the untreated check were also treated with Captan 30 Flowable and Vitavax 30 Flowable Fungicides at the rate of 1.2 oz A.l. each per 100 pounds. Plots were planted May 10‘78 at Custom Ag Service Research Farm, Loraine, Texas. Each treatment was replicated four times with each replication being two rows wide and 25 feet long. Plantings were made with a two row “cone” type planter with exactly 300 seeds being planted per row of each replication. Stand count, thrips count, and thrips damage ratings were made on June 9‘78.
Methyl Bromide Fumigation for Pink Bollworm Control, 1972-8
Authors: Roth Herbert , Kennedy John W. , Fons James F. , George Strasser E.
Published: March 2022

Bolls or seeds infested with larvae in the diapause state were obtained from Texas or Arizona. Material was held at treatment temperature for 48 h before and 24 h after fumigation, then stored at near 7°C. Dosage and exposure time were varied to provide specific concentration time products (CT). Examinations for efficacy were made 2-16 weeks after treatment.
Sorghum Greenbug Control, 1977
Authors: Peters Leroy L.
Published: March 2022

Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design in Clay County, Nebraska. Irrigated plots, summarized in Table 1, were four rows, 38 ft (11.58 m) long (30 in [76.2 cm] centers), with five replications. The two center rows were used to evaluate the insect populations. Plots were separated by a 15 ft (4.57 m) grass driveway on each end. Additional water (3.5 in) was applied with towline sprinklers. All other plots were under dryland conditions and were four rows, spaced 30 in (76.2 cm), 30 ft (9.144 m) long. The two center rows were used to evaluate the insect population. Plots were separated on the end by 2-4 ft alleys and a 15 ft untreated strip. Dryland experiments were replicated four times except for the recommended (University of Nebraska, Dept. of Entomology) insecticide test (Table 2) which was replicated five times. Granular insecticides were applied with a Noble metering device mounted on the planter or a bicycle-wheeled carriage. Liquid insecticides were applied with a compressed air-plot sprayer mounted on a high-clearance ground sprayer. Relative effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on ten plants selected at random from each plot until July 18 when five plants per plot were examined. Percent control was calculated by Abbott’s formula. Insect counts at or near the peak population (around August 1) were subjected to analysis of variance. Counts were transformed X+0.5. Where the F value was significant at the 5% level, the means were ranked according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Bean Leaf Beetle Control on Soybeans, 1975-76
Authors: Bass Max H. , Sen-Ball Chiu Paul
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted during late August and early September in 1975 and 1976 at the Auburn University Black Belt Substation near Marion Junction, Alabama, to determine effective rates of several insecticides for control of the bean leaf beetle on soybeans. Plots of Bragg soybeans were four rows wide (40 inch rows) and 37 feet long in all tests. Tests were arranged in a randomized complete block, replicated four times. Sprays were applied (1 application only) using a CO2 pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.5 gallons of insecticidal spray per acre. Counts of live adult bean leaf beetles were made 24 hours after treatment. Beetles were collected from the two middle rows of each plot using a sweepnet. Each count represented 25 sweeps, and each sweep consisted of sweeping across and through two rows of soybeans.
Soybean Looper Control on Soybeans, 1975-76
Authors: Sen-Ball Chiu Paul , Bass Max H.
Published: March 2022

One test (Table 1) was conducted in 1975 at the Auburan University Black Belt Sutstation near Marion Junction, Alabama, using Bragg variety soybeans. Four insecticides at various rates were tested in this experiment. Nine tests (Table 1-5) were conducted in 1976 at the Auburn University Plant Breeding Unit at Tallassee, Alabama, also using Bragg variety soybeans. Several insecticides at various rates were evaluated in these tests. Plots were four rows wide and 37 feet long (1/100 acre) in all tests. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment was used. Sprays were applied using a CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 12.5 gallons of insecticidal spray per acre. Counts of live looper larvae were made 24 hours after treatment on most plots. Counts were made on plots treated with Dipel 5 days after treatment; Dintil in treated plots were surveyed at 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Larvae were collected from a total of 12 feet of row from the middle two rows of each plot using the plant-shake ground-cloth method. Mean counts for each treatment were anlayzed using Duncan’s multiple range test to determine differences at P = 0.05.
Thrips and Potato Leafhopper Control on Soybeans, 1978
Authors: Hellman John L. , Azarion G. , Newton P.
Published: March 2022

York soybeans were 5-6 inch high at time of treatment. Treatment plots within a production field were 10 x 10 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pre-counts and treatments were made on June 13’78 when thrips averaged 23/10 plants and potato leafhoppers averaged 24/10 plants in all plots. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack” CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gpa at 40 psi. Post treatment counts were made June 14’78 and June 18’78 by selecting 10 plants at random and recording the number of adults and nymphs of each species.
Control of

E

.

Hirtipennis

and

M

.

Persicae

on Burley Tobacco, 1977
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N.B.
Published: March 2022

Burley tobacco ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on May 31. All treatments were applied using 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Spray treatments were applied on a 14-day schedule for a total of 5 applications, beginning June 15. Plots were 15 ft x 2 rows, each separated from another by one untreated row. Rows were spaced 40 inches apart. Plants were spaced 14 inches within rows. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 3-ft alleys. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as feeding holes per leaf. Counts were made on the fifth leaf of width greater than 2 inches from the top of the plant. Results in the data table are averages of 5 bi-weekly 40-leaf counts beginning June 22 and ending August 19. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation of the entire plant with necrosis of lower leaf bases). Ratings in the table, made August 8, are averaged for 96 plants. Soil type was Hermitage silt-loam of pH 6.3.
Incidence and Severity of Barley Yellow Dwarf on Wheat Treated with Systemic Insecticides for Aphid Control, 1978
Authors: Reed H. E. , Chambers A. Y.
Published: March 2022

Two systemic insecticides, Thimet 15G and Di-Syston 15G were applied with a Gandy applicator in the furrow at seeding time on Oct 7’77. A randomized-block was used with individual plots 6.4 m by 21.3 m. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Foliage disease symptoms were taken when the disease was most severe in late May of 1978. Di-Syston 15G and Thimet 15G treatments both gave significant reductions in foliage disease symptoms and increased grain yields over the untreated check plots.
Sycamore, Sycamore Lace Bug Control, 1978
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Ree Bill , Hart Dottie
Published: March 2022

Sycamores, 12 to 15 ft high were treated on Jun27 in Stillwater, Oklahoma Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 Sprayer, series L-155 and a 785 John Bean Spraymaster deluxe gun which delivered 1.76 gal/min of finished spray at 300 psi. Plants were sprayed until runoff. Treatments were randomized and replicated three times. Temperature at time of application was 95°F and the wind velocity was 0 to 5 mph. Pretreatment and posttreatment counts were determined by examining 6 leaves at random per tree and recording the number of nymphs and adults.
PAlms, Citrus Mealybug Control, California, 1978
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. , Morishita Frank S.
Published: March 2022

Nine insecticides were tested for their effectiveness on citrus mealy-bug infesting areca palms in 6 inch pots on raised benches in a greenhouse. Insecticides were applied as foliar sprays (except for Temik granules) to the point of runoff utilizing a hand sprayer at 60 psi with a 5002 nozzle. Five single plant replicates were treated on July 10, 1978. Greenhouse temperature was ca 30°C. Counts were taken on July 7 and at 7-day intervals following treatment. Efficacy was evaluated by marking 3 leaflets on each plant and recording the number of live mealybugs on each leaflet weekly.
Azalea Lacebug Control, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1978
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R.
Published: March 2022

A planting of 80 azalea plants averaging 0.5m in height and diameter were used. The plants were in groups of 6 to 14 plants separated by at least 2m. Each group was considered a replicate. Each plant was sprayed with a compression sprayer until run off. Counts were made by counting the nymphs and adults for one minute/4 plants/replicate. A prespray count showed no significant differences in populations between replicates. Prespray counts and sprays were made on July 20, 1978 and postspray counts were made on July 25, 1978. The average day temperature was 22°C and no precipitation occurred.
Gladiolus, Gladiolus Thrips and Melon Aphid Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

The effect of eight insecticides on gladiolus pests was evaluated on three varieties of gladiolus between July 6 and August 31 ’78. The planting was located near Westpoint, Indiana. All of the treatments, except Temik, were foliar sprays applied with a one gallon B&G stainless steel sprayer operating at 30 psi. The Temik granules were applied in a furrow along side of the row which was then closed with soil. A randomized slock design wai utilized with five replications. Replicates A aid B were the white variety, Beverly Anne; replicate C was a pink variety, Pink Parade, while replicates D and E were the variety Red Majesty. Each plot contained 10 gladiolus plaits. The numbers of thrips were sampled by removing a total of three lea/es from the center eight plants in each plot. The leaves were bagged, transported to the laboratory and placed in a Berlese funnel and the captured number of thrips counted under a binocular-microscope. On Aug 31 a floral spike was removed from each plot and placed in a Berlese funnel and the resulting numbers of melon aphids counted.
Jungleflame Ixora, Hemispherical Scale Control, 1978
Authors: Ray Charles H. , Williams Michael L.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-seven 12-24 inch tall, container-grown Ixoracoccinea, heavily infested with hemispherical scale were selected for treatment. Test plants were growing in 2 gal pots. All stages of hemispherical scale were present. A single application of the test materials was made out-of-doors on June 17. The foliage of all plants was sprayed to run-off using compressed air sprayers. Treatments were replicated 3 times, one plant constituting a replication. Plants were allowed to dry and then were returned to a greenhouse. Mortality was determined on July 6 by counting 100 individuals per plant. Counts were made with the use of a stereo-microscope by examining each scale insect and scoring it as living if normally-colored and full-bodied or dead if it was discolored and shriveled or dried.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Poinsetta, Pennsylvania, 1978
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R. , Miller Karl V.
Published: March 2022

Cuttings of the Annette Hegg Diva strain of poinsetta were taken on June 29, rooted, and transplanted to 4 inch pots containing an equal mix of peat, perlite, vermiculite and mush-room casing soil. Plants were grown under natural light and no growth regulators or insecticides were applied. Water and fertilizer were furnished through a trickle flow system. The greenhouse temperature average 21°C. Eight treatments plus a control were applied in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were replicated 10 times. Foliar sprays were applied to runoff with a compression sprayer and granular insecticides were measured and sprinkled over the surface of the soil. Samples were taken before spray and at days 3,7,14, 21 and 28. Counts were made by counting the number of live nymphs on a 5cm2 area of leaf surface. Percent control is expressed as the average number of nymphs found per treatment compared to the control.
Schefflera, Mealybug Control in Greenhouse, 1978
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Ree Bill , Hart Dittie
Published: March 2022

Schefflera plants, approximately 6 inch in height, maintained in 6-inch pots on greenhouse benches were used in the test. Temik 10 g was applied at three different rates. Each treatment consisted of one plant, replicated five times. Granules were evenly distributed over the soil surface in each pot. The plants were then watered to saturatioi and watered daily for seven days following treatment. A pretreatment count consisted of examining two plants in each treatment and recording nymphs and adults. Seven days after treatment, each plant was examined for the same life cycle stages and recorded.