bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagelessversusimage-based registration in navigated arthroscopy of the hip
Authors: Audenaert E. , Smet B. , Pattyn C. , Khanduja V.
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of registration and the precision of the resection volume in navigated hip arthroscopy for cam-type femoroacetabular impingement, using imageless and image-based registration. A virtual cam lesion was defined in 12 paired cadaver hips and randomly assigned to either imageless or image-based (three-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopy) navigated arthroscopic head–neck osteochondroplasty. The accuracy of patient–image registration for both protocols was evaluated and post-operative imaging was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the surgical resection. We found that the estimated accuracy of imageless registration in the arthroscopic setting was poor, with a mean error of 5.6 mm (standard deviation (sd) 4.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.14 to 7.19). Because of the significant mismatch between the actual position of the probe during surgery and the position of that probe as displayed on the navigation platform screen, navigated femoral osteochondroplasty was physically impossible. The estimated accuracy of image-based registration by means of 3D fluoroscopy had a mean error of 0.8 mm (sd 0.51; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.94). In terms of the volume of bony resection, a mean of 17% (sd 11; -6% to 28%) more bone was resected than with the virtual plan (p = 0.02). The resection was a mean of 1 mm deeper (sd 0.7; -0.3 to 1.6) larger than on the original virtual plan (p = 0.02).

In conclusion, given the limited femoral surface that can be reached and digitised during arthroscopy of the hip, imageless registration is inaccurate and does not allow for reliable surgical navigation. However, image-based registration does acceptably allow for guided femoral osteochondroplasty in the arthroscopic management of femoroacetabular impingement.
The outcome at 15 years of endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft for ‘isolated’ anterior cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Bourke H. E. , Gordon D. J. , Salmon L. J. , Waller A. , Linklater J. , Pinczewski L. A.
Published: April 2012

The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of ‘isolated’ anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures treated with anatomical endoscopic reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft at a mean of 15 years (14.25 to 16.9). A total of 100 consecutive men and 100 consecutive women with ‘isolated’ ACL rupture underwent four-strand hamstring tendon reconstruction with anteromedial portal femoral tunnel drilling and interference screw fixation by a single surgeon. Details were recorded pre-operatively and at one, two, seven and 15 years post-operatively. Outcomes included clinical examination, subjective and objective scoring systems, and radiological assessment. At 15 years only eight of 118 patients (7%) had moderate or severe osteo-arthritic changes (International Knee Documentation Committee Grades C and D), and 79 of 152 patients (52%) still performed very strenuous activities. Overall graft survival at 15 years was 83% (1.1% failure per year). Patients aged < 18 years at the time of surgery and patients with > 2 mm of laxity at one year had a threefold increase in the risk of suffering a rupture of the graft (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). There was no increase in laxity of the graft over time.

ACL reconstructive surgery in patients with an ‘isolated’ rupture using this technique shows good results 15 years post-operatively with respect to ligamentous stability, objective and subjective outcomes, and does not appear to cause osteoarthritis.
Pressurisation leads to better cement penetration into the glenoid bone
Authors: Raiss P. , Sowa B. , Bruckner T. , Eck S. , Woerz S. , Rohr K. , Rickert M. , Kasten P.
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to compare a third-generation cementing procedure for glenoid components with a new technique for cement pressurisation. In 20 pairs of scapulae, 20 keeled and 20 pegged glenoid components were implanted using either a third-generation cementing technique (group 1) or a new pressuriser (group 2). Cement penetration was measured by three-dimensional (3D) analysis of micro-CT scans. The mean 3D depth of penetration of the cement was significantly greater in group 2 (p < 0.001). The mean thickness of the cement mantle for keeled glenoids was 2.50 mm (2.0 to 3.3) in group 1 and 5.18 mm (4.4 to 6.1) in group 2, and for pegged glenoids it was 1.72 mm (0.9 to 2.3) in group 1 and 5.63 mm (3.6 to 6.4) in group 2. A cement mantle < 2 mm was detected less frequently in group 2 (p < 0.001). Using the cement pressuriser the proportion of cement mantles < 2 mm was significantly reduced compared with the third-generation cementing technique.
Exam Corner – May 2012
Authors: Khanduja V.
Published: April 2012

The FRCS (Tr & Orth) examination has three components: MCQs, Vivas and Clinical Examination. The Vivas are further divided into four sections comprising Basic Science, Adult Pathology, Hands and Children’s Orthopaedics and Trauma. The Clinical Examination section is divided into Upper and Lower limb cases. The aim of this section in the Journal is to focus specifically on the trainees preparing for the exam and to cater to all the sections of the exam. The vision is to complete the cycle of all relevant exam topics (as per the syllabus) in four years.
Spectroscopic Evidence for Atmospheric Stabilization of Aluminum Borohydride in Polydimethylsiloxane Grease
Authors: Sivasubramanian Premkumar , Mohtadi Rana , Zidan Ragaiy , Pariyadath Kutty , Leverette Chad L. , Fetterolf Monty L.
Published: April 2012

Raman and infrared vibrational spectroscopy were used to confirm the presence of aluminum borohydride dissolved in a commercial polydimethylsiloxane vacuum grease at room temperature. Spectroscopic evidence for an adduct between the aluminum borohydride and polydimethylsiloxane is also presented. Once dissolved in the polydimethylsiloxane grease, the aluminum borohydride was stabilized with respect to its usual pyrophoric reactivity in wet or dry air.
Quality and Statistical Classification of Brazilian Vegetable Oils Using Mid-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Samyn Pieter , Van Nieuwkerke Dieter , Schoukens Gustaaf , Vonck Leo , Stanssens Dirk , Van Den Abbeele Henk
Published: April 2012

Palm oil, soy oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, castor oil, and rapeseed oil were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The quality of different oils was evaluated and statistically classified by principal component analysis (PCA) and a partial least squares (PLS) regression model. First, a calibration set of spectra was selected from one sampling batch. The qualitative variations in spectra are discussed with a prediction of oil composition (saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids) from mid-infrared analysis and iodine value from FT-Raman analysis, based on ratioing the intensity of bands at given wavenumbers. A more robust and convincing oil classification is obtained from two-parameter statistical models. The statistical analysis of FT-Raman spectra favorably distinguishes according to the iodine value, while the mid-infrared spectra are most sensitive to hydroxyl moieties. Second, the models are validated with a set of spectra from another sampling batch, including the same oil types as-received and after different aging times together with a hydrogenated castor oil and high-oleic sunflower oil. There is very good agreement between the model predictions and the Raman measurements, but the statistical significance is lower for mid-infrared spectra. In the future, this calibration model will be used to check vegetable oil qualities before using them in polymerization processes.
Noninvasive, Quantitative Analysis of Drug Mixtures in Containers Using Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Olds William J. , Sundarajoo Shankaran , Selby Mark , Cletus Biju , Fredericks Peter M. , Izake Emad L.
Published: April 2012

In this paper, spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is demonstrated for noninvasively investigating the composition of drug mixtures inside an opaque plastic container. The mixtures consisted of three components including a target drug (acetaminophen or phenylephrine hydrochloride) and two diluents (glucose and caffeine). The target drug concentrations ranged from 5% to 100%. After conducting SORS analysis to ascertain the Raman spectra of the concealed mixtures, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the SORS spectra to reveal trends within the data. Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to construct models that predicted the concentration of each target drug, in the presence of the other two diluents. The PLS models were able to predict the concentration of acetaminophen in the validation samples with a root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 3.8% and the concentration of phenylephrine hydrochloride with an RMSEP of 4.6%. This work demonstrates the potential of SORS, used in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques, to perform noninvasive, quantitative analysis on mixtures inside opaque containers. This has applications for pharmaceutical analysis, such as monitoring the degradation of pharmaceutical products on the shelf, in forensic investigations of counterfeit drugs, and for the analysis of illicit drug mixtures which may contain multiple components.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrochemical Imaging: Review of Design and Applications with a Focal Plane Array and Multiple Beam Synchrotron Radiation Source
Authors: Hirschmugl Carol J. , Gough Kathleen M.
Published: April 2012

The beamline design, microscope specifications, and initial results from the new mid-infrared beamline (IRENI) are reviewed. Synchrotron-based spectrochemical imaging, as recently implemented at the Synchrotron Radiation Center in Stoughton, Wisconsin, demonstrates the new capability to achieve diffraction limited chemical imaging across the entire mid-infrared region, simultaneously, with high signal-to-noise ratio. IRENI extracts a large swath of radiation (320 hor. × 25 vert. mrads 2 ) to homogeneously illuminate a commercial infrared (IR) microscope equipped with an IR focal plane array (FPA) detector. Wide-field images are collected, in contrast to single-pixel imaging from the confocal geometry with raster scanning, commonly used at most synchrotron beamlines. IRENI rapidly generates high quality, high spatial resolution data. The relevant advantages (spatial oversampling, speed, sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio) are discussed in detail and demonstrated with examples from a variety of disciplines, including formalin-fixed and flash-frozen tissue samples, live cells, fixed cells, paint cross-sections, polymer fibers, and novel nanomaterials. The impact of Mie scattering corrections on this high quality data is shown, and first results with a grazing angle objective are presented, along with future enhancements and plans for implementation of similar, small-scale instruments.
The media in the Valencian Country
Authors: Xambó Rafael
Published: April 2012

This article describes the main features of the media system in Valencia, and it discusses and interprets the process by which this system has come into being. Particular emphasis is placed on the dominant role played by the political system, which has led to a wide range of bad informative
practices, a strong dependence on the leading Spanish media corporations, notable cultural shortcomings and a considerable decline in the use of Catalan in the media, all of which are obstacles to the development of a democratic, reliable communicative system at the service of the people.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Cerdán Josetxo , Domingo David , Espluga Josep , Green Stuart , Corchete Sira Hernández , Niculaes Diana , Orozco Lourdes , Esteve Laia Quílez , Risquete Jaume
Published: April 2012

EXPLORATIONS IN NEW CINEMA HISTORY. APPROACHES AND CASESTUDIES, RICHARD MALTBY, DANIEL BILTEREYST AND PHILIPPE MEERS (EDS) (2011) West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 352 pp., ISBN: 978-1-4051-9949-0, h/bk, €66; ISBN: 978-1-4051-9950-6, p/bk, €26.40

CIBERCAMPAÑA: CAUCES
Y DIQUES PARA LA PARTICIPACIÓN. LAS ELECCIONES GENERALES DE2008 Y SU PROYECCIÓN TECNOPOLÍTICA, VÍCTORF. SAMPEDRO BLANCO (COORD.) (2011) Madrid: Editorial Complutense, 330 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9938-094-0, p/bk, €15; e-book, €10

TEORÍA DE LA COMUNICACIÓN
DERIESGO, JUAN LUIS GONZALO IGLESIA AND JORDI FARRÉ COMA (2011) Barcelona: UOC, 194 pp., ISBN 978-84-9788-445-7, p/bk, €20

DEL SAINETE AL ESPERPENTO: RELECTURAS DEL CINEESPAÑOL DE LOS AÑOS 50, JOSÉ LUIS CASTRO DE PAZ AND JOSETXO CERDÁN (2011) Madrid:
Cátedra, 222 pp., ISBN: 978-84-376-2745-8, p/bk, €12.50

LA MIRADA TELEVISIVA. FICCIÓN Y REPRESENTACIÓN HISTÓRICA EN ESPAÑA, JOSÉ CARLOS RUEDA LAFFOND AND CARLOTA CORONADO RUIZ (2009) Madrid: Fragua, 363 pp., ISBN 978-84-7074-322-1, p/bk, €26

MEDIA
AND PARTICIPATION. A SITE OF IDEOLOGICAL DE MOCRATIC STRUGGLE, NICO CARPE NTIER (2011) Bristol: Intellect, 405 pp., ISBN 978-1-84150-407-0, p/bk, £19.95/$40

SERGI BELBEL AND CATALAN THEATRE: TEXT, PERFORMANCE AND IDENTITY, DAVID GEORGE (2010) London: Tamesis, 220 pp., ISBN
978-1-85566-220-9, h/bk, £50

DIRECTORY OF WORLD CINEMA: SPAIN, LORENZO J. TORRES HORTELANO (ED.) (2011) Chicago and Bristol: Intellect, 287 pp., ISBN 978-1-84150-463-6, p/bk, £15.95/$25

COMUNICACIÓ I ESTRATÈGIA. L’EMPRESA VISTA A TRAVÉS DE
LES ULLERES DE LA COMUNICACIÓ, JAUME MORATÓ (2011) Barcelona: Ediuoc, 210 pp., ISBN: 978-84-9788-397-9, p/bk, €20.00
Television and the mediatization of knowledge: Discursive strategies in new TV formats
Authors: Cros Anna , Bassols Margarida , Brunat Gemma , González Carla
Published: April 2012

Mediatized science, which makes world phenomena understandable, differs from traditional knowledge communication in its use of particular discourse strategies. Knowledge mediatized through television programmes has resulted in new formats, based on polyphony, expressions producing modalities
and an interplay between knowledge and experience. We analyse Televisió de Catalunya’s science programme Quèquicom/Whatwhohow, first, by studying the discursive strategies of legitimacy, credibility and engagement employed by the mediators, experts and affected individuals
and, second, by studying the discourse indicators revealed by these strategies. Legitimacy strategies give authority to the voice through use of stereotyped social identities. Credibility strategies project announcers as people capable of evoking others’ voices through their ability
with words and in phrasing opinions and behaviour carefully. Finally, engagement strategies are aimed at gaining the intellectual or emotional attention of the audience and provoking a reaction. We also describe a quantitative study of discursive strategies and indicators and make a comparative
analysis of different voices.
Audience motivations to donate: The case of the Catalan telethon La Marató de TV3
Authors: Baldó Marta Domènech , Joye Stijn , Maeseele Pieter
Published: April 2012

Although Spain was in the midst of an economic and financial crisis, the 2010 edition of the Catalan telethon La Marató de TV3 managed to raise a record number of donations. While scholars generally refer to compassion to explain the success of telethons, an online survey of
348 Catalans reveals an additional set of audience motivations to donate. Alongside the element of compassion, the survey points towards community feeling and a set of production values. The latter includes advertising, video testimonials and the carefully built up credibility of the organizing
broadcaster and of the project. Nonetheless, the data also hint at a latent tendency towards compassion fatigue as only 38.2% of the respondents did donate while between 62.4% and 86.8% expressed a willingness to do so. The study illustrates the potential of telethons to ward off such a tendency
by motivating the audience in other ways rather than simply appealing to compassion.
Joys of community ensemble playing: The case of the Happy Roll Elastic Ensemble in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Yuan-Mei , Kao Kai-Chi
Published: April 2012

The Happy Roll Elastic Ensemble (HREE) is a community music ensemble supported by Tainan Culture Centre in Taiwan. With enjoyment and friendship as its primary goals, it aims to facilitate the joys of ensemble playing and the spirit of social networking. This article highlights the
key aspects of HREE’s development in its first two years (2009–2011), including musical and administrative decisions and operations. In addition, several problems within the HREE are described along with their solutions as well as the implications for the future of this ensemble.
Through carefully planned directing and tailored arrangement of music, the HREE confirmed that community music activities could provide opportunities to construct personal and communal expressions of artistic and social concerns. Feedback from its members indicated their enjoyment and progress
in developing musical literacy. The HREE is an example that demonstrates how a joyful community music ensemble could serve as the seed that grows and brings the residents towards a richer and better life together.
The Influence of Mating Mind-Sets on Brand Extension Evaluation
Authors: Monga Alokparna Basu , Gürhan-Canli Zeynep
Published: April 2012

Prior research has identified several factors that influence brand extension evaluations. Extending this research, the authors suggest that external, situational factors can have an important influence on brand extension evaluations. This research focuses on mating mind-sets (i.e., thinking about a mate), which consumers commonly experience. Specifically, the authors propose that mating mind-sets triggered by the external situation can influence brand extension evaluations, particularly for men. Mating mind-sets induce male consumers (but not female consumers) to engage in relational processing, increasing fit perceptions and evaluations for moderately dissimilar brand extensions. These differences are more likely to emerge when a short-term mating mind-set is primed (vs. a long-term mating mind-set). Furthermore, using prestige brands (vs. functional brands) reduces the gap between men and women. In addition, subbrand architecture (vs. direct brand architecture) boosts the evaluations of female consumers but decreases those of male consumers. The authors find that the effects of mating mind-sets on brand extension evaluation are driven by male consumers' need to express creativity.
Solid state PbS Quantum dots /TiO2 Nanoparticles heterojunction solar cell
Authors: Etgar Lioz , Grätzel Michael
Published: April 2012

Solid state PbS Quantum Dots (QDs)/TiO2 Nanoparticles heterojunction solar cells were produced by depositing PbS QDs on a 500nm thick Mesoscopic TiO2 films using layer-by-layer deposition. The heterojunction solar cells show photovoltaic response from the visible to the near infra-red region. Importantly, the PbS QDs act here as photosensitizers and at the same time as hole conductors. The PbS QDs/TiO2 device produces a remarkable short circuit photocurrent (Jsc) of 16.3 mA/cm2, an open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.54 V and a fill factor (FF) of 0.41, corresponding to a light to electric power conversion efficiency (η) of 4.04% under 0.9 sun intensity.
MD simulations of near surface void in copper under thermal compression
Authors: Pohjonen Aarne S. , Djurabekova Flyura , Kuronen Antti
Published: April 2012

Dislocation mediated mechanism of surface deformation due to localized stress and strain concentration near a void could give an explanation of field enhancement in conditions relevant to the design of rf accelerating structures of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of a near surface void in copper under thermal stressing conditions. The von Mises strain was observed to be concentrated near the void surface with the maximum strain concentration factor of 1.9. To observe the activated slip-planes, we exaggerated the compressive stress to the extent that the dislocations were nucleated on the void surface at sites where von Mises strain was largest. Void depth and size were found to affect the dislocation nucleation. The nucleation was easier for larger voids and for voids which were closer to the surface.
Identidade surda e intervenções em saúde na perspectiva de uma comunidade usuária de língua de sinais
Authors: Nóbrega Juliana Donato , Andrade Andréa Batista de , Pontes Ricardo José Soares , Bosi Maria Lúcia Magalhães , Machado Márcia Maria Tavares
Published: April 2012

A visão biomédica concebe a surdez como perda fisiológica da audição e o surdo como portador de anomalia orgânica a ser corrigida; intervenções de saúde revestem-se, correspondentemente, de tal representação. Objetivamos compreender as representações sobre surdez entre surdos, com o propósito de refletir sobre políticas públicas a eles destinadas no contexto da dimensão ética do cuidado. Utilizamos o referencial teórico-metodológico qualitativo (grupo focal); participaram 9 membros de uma comunidade surda (Fortaleza-CE, 2010) fluentes na Língua Brasileira de Sinais-Libras. Observamos que a surdez é compreendida como um modo de ser, cotidianamente construído, essencialmente a partir das experiências-vivências de interação visual com a natureza e a sociedade; assume caráter identitário particular, afirmado em componentes culturais (ser surdo) e linguísticos (Libras). Políticas públicas de oralização ou tecnologias auditivas corretivas (como o implante coclear), valorizados pela sociedade ouvinte, são representadas como retrocesso nas lutas dos surdos, de negação de seu ser no mundo e como perda da identidade surda. É necessário compreender o surdo a partir de construções histórico-sociais, simbólicas e culturais onde diferentes discursos co-existem, para além da dimensão fisiológica.
A vida não pode ser feita só de sonhos: reflexões sobre publicidade e alimentação saudável
Authors: Villagelim Andréa Siliveste Brasil , Prado Shirley Donizete , Freitas Ricardo Ferreira , Carvalho Maria Claudia da Veiga Soares , Cruz Claudia Olsieski da , Klotz Juliana , Freire Gesseldo de Brito
Published: April 2012

Neste ensaio apresentamos algumas reflexões sobre publicidade e alimentação saudável no mundo contemporâneo onde o consumo exerce papel de grande relevância. Buscamos enfatizar dois aspectos, entre tantos outros ainda por serem explorados na literatura científica do campo alimentar-nutricional: a hegemonia do paradigma biomédico e a fragmentação da vida humana quando campanhas publicitárias anunciam alimentos associando-os à ideia de alimentação saudável. Consideramos que não podemos viver somente como naquela publicidade onde nossos desejos são acionados, sem limites, onde mundo é só de sonhos e o objetivo principal é vender mais e lucrar mais, ainda que para isso se tenha feito uso de estratégias de disseminação de algumas informações de cunho biomédico-nutricional. O encontro entre alimentação e saúde, ou seja, alimentação saudável, deve pressupor, no nosso entendimento, a valorização da ação do sujeito, inclusive por meio de informações qualificadas e contextualizadas na vida social de modo a que se possa desenhar projetos de felicidade. Um sujeito fortalecido em sua identidade, íntegro e total que, entre sonhos e concretudes, pode ousar a buscar o conhecer e o pensar sobre si mesmo no mundo, sobre sua alimentação e sua saúde.
Qualidade de vida em mulheres submetidas à mastectomia comparada com aquelas que se submeteram à cirurgia conservadora: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Majewski Juliana Machado , Lopes Aline Daniela Fernandes , Davoglio Tárcia , Leite José Carlos de Carvalho
Published: April 2012

Este estudo revisa a literatura sobre a qualidade de vida (QV) de mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à mastectomia comparadas àquelas que realizaram cirurgia conservadora. A seleção final resultou em oito ensaios clínicos randomizados. Os estudos foram comparados quanto ao momento em que a QV foi avaliada, se durante ou após o tratamento, quanto aos instrumentos que mensuraram a QV, e quanto à metodologia e resultados. Os resultados de quatro estudos apontam para maior impacto negativo na QV em mulheres mastectomizadas; outros quatro estudos não evidenciam diferenças na QV entre os grupos que passaram pelos dois tipos de intervenção. Medidas objetivas de QV poderão ajudar a identificar situações potencialmente difíceis da vida diária e auxiliar no planejamento de ações de promoção da saúde de mulheres que passaram por cirurgia para câncer de mama.
Developing a Women's Health Cancer Prevention Program in a Liver Transplant Center
Authors: Tarallo Phyllis A.
Published: April 2012

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected in 90% of cervical cancers. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer found in women in developed countries and the second most common in underdeveloped countries. People that undergo organ transplant have a high risk of developing
other malignancies, depending on the duration and strength of immunosuppressive therapy. This article presents development and implementation of a women's health cancer prevention program in a liver transplant center.
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation With Allograft Stem Cell–Based Matrix and Titanium Mesh
Authors: McAllister Bradley S. , Eshraghi V. Thomas
Published: April 2012

Introduction: When bone surrounding a proposed implant site is deficient in both a vertical and horizontal dimension, bone augmentation procedures using titanium mesh can be used. Although there are multiple reports of titanium mesh use with a variety of graft materials, to our knowledge, this presentation is the first to show use of a stem cell–based titanium mesh augmentation.

Case Presentation: After the removal of a failing maxillary subperiosteal implant, significant atrophy of the maxillary alveolus was evident. After bilateral sinus augmentation with an allograft‐derived stem cell–based matrix (cellular allograft), four posterior implants were placed. In preparation for future anterior maxillary ridge augmentation, an interim denture supported by the posterior implants and O‐ring attachments was fabricated. The anterior titanium mesh‐supported cellular allograft was placed and allowed to heal for 4 months, followed by placement of four additional implants. After 4 months of integration, the patient was restored with a locking milled bar denture.

Conclusion: The use of a cellular allograft with titanium mesh for stabilization can result in significant horizontal and vertical augmentation for implant reconstruction.
Effect of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Associated With a Variety of Bone Substitutes on Vertical Guided Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Calvarium
Authors: Polo Cristiane Ibanhes , Lima Júlio Leonardo Oliveira , De Lucca Leandro , Piacezzi Christiano Borges , Naclério‐Homem Maria da Graça , Arana‐Chavez Victor Elias , Sendyk Wilson Roberto
Published: April 2012

Background: A major challenge for dental implantology is to consistently obtain appropriate bone augmentation before implant placement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP‐2) associated with bone substitute materials beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), and bovine bone mineral on vertical guided bone regeneration (GBR) in rabbit calvarium.

Methods: Four titanium cylinders were fixed to the calvarium of 22 rabbits. In group 1 (n = 10), three cylinders were randomly filled with one of the test materials, and one cylinder was filled with a blood clot (CL). In group 2 (n = 12), the cylinders were randomly assigned to the same materials and CL but with the addition of rhBMP‐2. Bone labels were injected over the course of 13 weeks, and euthanasia was performed 14 weeks after surgery in both groups.

Results: The mean volume and area of tissue growth was greater in group 2 (with rhBMP‐2) than in group 1 (without rhBMP‐2), irrespective of the material used (P <0.001). The mean volume of tissue growth in the CL cylinder was smaller than that observed with all other materials (P <0.001) in both groups. The mean area of regenerated bone in the CL cylinder was smaller than that observed in the β‐TCP cylinder (P = 0.028). The histologic study revealed more lamellar bone in the rhBMP‐2 group, with a greater level of biodegradation of all the bone substitute materials tested.

Conclusion: The use of rhBMP‐2/absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) combined with all of the bone substitute materials tested resulted in a greater amount of bone formation than that produced with the bone substitute materials alone or rhBMP‐2/(ACS) and CL using the rabbit calvarium GBR model.
Periodontal Condition of Patients With Autoimmune Diseases and the Effect of Anti‐Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Therapy
Authors: Mayer Yaniv , Elimelech Rina , Balbir‐Gurman Alexandra , Braun‐Moscovici Yolanda , Machtei Eli E.
Published: April 2012

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of autoimmune diseases (AIs), as well as anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) therapy on the clinical and immunologic parameters of the periodontium.

Methods: Thirty‐six AI patients (12 rheumatoid arthritis [RA], 12 psoriatic arthritis, and 12 systemic sclerosis) were recruited together with 12 healthy (H) and 10 RA patients receiving anti‐TNF‐α therapy (RA+). Periodontal indices including plaque index, gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from five deepest pockets using papers strips. The TNF‐α level was analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis of variance test was used for statistical comparison between groups, whereas Pearson linear correlation coefficient test was used to examine the association between TNF‐α and periodontal status indices.

Results: The three AI subgroups were very similar in clinical and immunologic parameters. GI was greater in the AI patients compared to the H and RA+ groups (1.91 ± 0.54, 1.21 ± 0.67, and 1.45 ± 0.30, respectively, P = 0.0005). AI patients exhibited significantly more BOP than H and RA+ (46.45% ± 17.08%, 30.08% ± 16.86%, and 21.13% ± 9.51%, respectively, P = 0.0002). PD in H and RA+ groups were lower than in the AI (3.47 ± 0.33, 3.22 ± 0.41, and 3.91 ± 0.49 mm, P = 0.0001). Number of sites with PD >4 mm was higher in AI patients compared to H and RA+ (42.44 ± 17.5 versus 24.33 ± 15.62 versus 33.3 ± 6.6, P = 0.0002). GCF TNF‐α was higher among the AI patients (1.67 ± 0.58 ng/site) compared to 1.07 ± 0.33 ng/site for the H group and 0.97 ± 0.52 ng/site for the RA+ group (P = 0.0002). A significant positive correlation was found between PD and TNF‐α levels in the GCF (r = 0.4672, P = 0.0002), BOP (r = 0.7491, P = 0.0001), and GI (r = 0.5420, P = 0.0001).

Conclusions: Patients with AI diseases have higher periodontal indices and higher TNF‐α levels in GCF than H controls. Anti‐TNF‐α treatment appears to reverse this phenomenon.
A skull fragment of the mosasaurid Prognathodon cf. sectorius from the Late Cretaceous of Navarre (Basque-Cantabrian Region)
Authors: Bardet Nathalie , Suberbiola Xabier Pereda , Corral J.-Carmelo , Baceta Juan Ignacio , Torres José Ángel , Botantz Benjamín , Martin Gorka
Published: April 2012

In recent years, the discovery of isolated teeth from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of the Basque-Cantabrian Region, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, has permitted to recognise at least four different mosasaurid taxa in several sites of Alava and Condado de Treviño: Mosasaurus lemonnieri, Prognathodon solvayi, Platecarpus cf. ictericus and Tylosaurus sp. A new specimen, which consists of a fragment of skull with articulated portions of the maxilla and prefrontal, from the Campanian of Navarre is described here. This material is assigned to Prognathodon cf. sectorius on the basis of dental features. It constitutes the only cranial remain and the most significant mosasaurid fragment known to date in the Iberian Peninula. P. sectorius was previously recorded from the Maastrichtian of New-Jersey and The Netherlands.
Description of new specimens of Halisaurus arambourgi Bardet & Pereda Suberbiola, 2005 and the relationships of Halisaurinae
Authors: Polcyn Michael J. , Lindgren Johan , Bardet Nathalie , Cornelissen Dirk , Verding Louis , Schulp Anne S.
Published: April 2012

Halisaurine mosasaurs are poorly known, represented by a small number of specimens from the Santonian-Maastrichtian (~86 Ma – ~66 Ma), but enjoyed broad palaeobiogeographic distribution during that time. They are important for understanding mosasaur evolution because certain aspects of their morphology retain the relatively plesiomorphic or minimally modified squamate conditions; however, existing material is limited and certain anatomical details are lacking. We report here two new specimens of Halisaurus arambourgi including a well-preserved, nearly complete skull and postcranial skeleton, and a partial skull that preserves details of the braincase and quadrate. We focus our description on morphology that augments the original description of this species and provides comparisons with other halisaurines. Braincase and temporal arcade characters confirm the plesiomorphic nature of Halisaurus, supporting a relatively basal position of Halisaurinae within Mosasauridae. Comparisons of cranial morphology support reconstruction of relationships within Halisaurinae, indicating that H. arambourgi is most closely related to H. platyspondylus, Phosphorosaurus (= H. ortliebi) is the sister taxon to those taxa, and Eonatator is the most basal described halisaurine. The proportions of the epipodials and the caudal vertebral centrum morphometrics indicate H. arambourgi is more derived than the Santonian to early Campanian Eonatator sternbergii but less derived than a Halisaurus sp. specimen from the mid-Maastrichtian of the Moreno Formation of California, USA. Moreover, vertebral morphometrics reveals that H. arambourgi possessed a downturned tail that likely supported a crescent-like fluke.
Enhancing Rice Productivity in West Africa through Genetic Improvement
Authors: Saito K. , Sokei Y. , Wopereis M.C.S.
Published: April 2012

Rice yields have stagnated in West Africa at 1 to 2 Mg ha−1 because of unfavorable rice environments and poor management practices. Interspecific rice cultivars, the New Rice for Africa (NERICA), were developed by crossing Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) and African rice (O. glaberrima Steud.) to improve upland and lowland rice productivity in resource‐poor farmers’ fields. This paper provides an overview of recent studies, performed by the Africa Rice Center and its partners, on evaluation of growth and yield performance of upland and lowland NERICA cultivars and modern Asian rice cultivars including the improved upland indica cultivars often termed aerobic rice. Upland NERICA cultivars were found to lack the expected combination of superior yield potential with weed suppressive ability (WSA) and adaptation to low soil fertility, instead sharing similarity in these characteristics with their O. sativa parent WAB56‐104 but remaining inferior to their O. glaberrima parent CG 14 in terms of tillering ability and WSA. Some aerobic rice cultivars were identified for high yielding ability, strong WSA, and superior adaptation to low‐fertility uplands and water‐limited lowlands. Some lowland NERICA cultivars outyielded improved lowland O. sativa checks and aerobic rice cultivars in favorable lowlands, whereas they did not perform well in water‐limited lowlands. The implications of these findings for future challenges for genetic improvement in West Africa are discussed.
Multivariate Analysis of Diversity of Landrace Rice Germplasm
Authors: Sanni K. A. , Fawole I. , Ogunbayo S. A. , Tia D. D. , Somado E. A. , Futakuchi K. , Sié M. , Nwilene F. E. , Guei R. G.
Published: April 2012

Multivariate analysis is based on a statistical principle involving observation and analysis of more than one statistical variable at a time. The variability of 434 accessions of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm from Côte d'Ivoire was evaluated for 10 agro‐morphological traits in upland conditions at M'bé, Côte d'Ivoire (7°5′ N, 5°1′ W) in 2002 using augmented experimental design and analyzed with multivariate methods. The unweighted pair group method of the average linkage (UPGMA) cluster analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the data obtained. This enabled the assessment of the extent and pattern of variation of the germplasm and identification of the major traits contributing to the diversity. Seven cluster groups were obtained from the 10 agro‐botanical traits using the UPGMA. Canonical discriminant analysis showed the contribution of each trait to the classification of the rice accessions into different cluster groups. The first three principal components explained about 72.24% of the total variation among the 10 characters. The results of canonical discriminant analysis and PCA suggested that traits such as plant height, number of days to heading and maturity, tillering ability, and grain size (weight, length, width, and shape) were the principal discriminatory characteristics. It was concluded that variation exists in the germplasm, which provides opportunities for this collection to be useful for genetic improvement.
Sand Topdressing Rate and Interval Effects on Anthracnose Severity of an Annual Bluegrass Putting Green
Authors: Inguagiato John C. , Murphy James A. , Clarke Bruce B.
Published: April 2012

Sand topdressing has been reputed to increase anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman on annual bluegrass (ABG) [Poa annua L. forma reptans (Hausskn.) T. Koyama] putting greens. Field trials were conducted to determine the effects of (i) frequent (7 d) and low‐rate (0.3 L m−2) sand topdressing and brushing, (ii) infrequent (21 and 42 d) and increased‐rate (1.2 L m−2) sand topdressing, and (iii) sand topdressing application intervals (7, 14, and 28 d) and rates (0.3 and 0.6 L m−2) on anthracnose severity of ABG turf mowed at 3.2 mm. Topdressing every 7 d at 0.3 L m−2 initially enhanced disease (8%) during the first year of the trial; however, continued topdressing reduced anthracnose severity 17 to 47% later in 2006 and 3 to 26% in 2007 compared to nontopdressed turf. Topdressing every 21 and 42 d at 1.2 L m−2 reduced disease 4 to 28% over the 2‐yr study; however, sand applied every 21 d reduced disease 5 to 13% more than the 42‐d interval in 2007. Topdressing rate (0, 0.3, and 0.6 L m−2) and interval (7, 14, and 28 d) interacted to affect anthracnose severity in both years. Disease declined in a curvilinear manner as rate increased at the 7‐ and 14‐d intervals each year. Increased rates applied every 28 d reduced disease linearly in 2006 and curvilinearly at rates exceeding 0.3 L m−2 in 2007. Topdressing every 7 or 14 d at 0.3 or 0.6 L m−2, respectively, provided the most rapid and effective anthracnose reduction and best turf quality.
Physiological Changes in Roughstalk Bluegrass Exposed to High Temperature
Authors: Rutledge James M. , Volenec J.J. , Jiang Y. , Reicher Z.J.
Published: April 2012

Roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) (RBG) is more heat sensitive than creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) (CBG), but the physiological basis for this difference is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the impact of high temperature on growth, root viability, concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates, fructan, glucose, protein, and amino acid in shoots and roots of RBG and CBG. One CBG (‘L93’) and two RBG cultivars (‘Laser’ and ‘Pulsar’) were grown in growth chambers at 23, 28, or 33°C and harvested 0, 10, 14, 21, 28, or 35 d after introduction (DAI) to high temperatures. Growth and physiological responses of Laser and Pulsar RBG were similar; therefore, differences between species were analyzed using Pulsar to represent RBG. Creeping bentgrass maintained better turf quality than RBG at 33°C and produced 15 mg of clipping dry wt. d−1 compared to only 0.5 mg dry wt. d−1 for RBG at 33°C 35 DAI. Root viability of RBG was higher than that of CBG at 23 and 28°C, but the reverse was true at 33°C. Fructan concentrations in RBG roots increased as exposure lengths increased, unlike in CBG. At 33°C, shoot amino acid concentration of RBG increased 223% compared to only 64% in CBG relative to concentrations in tissue exposed to 23°C. Our study identified differences in growth and physiological responses of CBG and RBG to high temperature that improve our understanding of differences between these species when grown in the field.
Screening Cucumber for Resistance to Downy Mildew Caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostov.
Authors: Call Adam D. , Criswell Adam D. , Wehner Todd C. , Klosinska Urszula , Kozik Elzbieta U.
Published: April 2012

Downy mildew, a foliar disease caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curt.) Rostov. is one of the most destructive diseases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Moderately resistant cultivars are available, but yield losses are high without the use of fungicides. Higher levels of resistance are needed to reduce the need for fungicides. The objective of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to downy mildew among Plant Introduction accessions from the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System, elite cultivars, and breeding lines of cucumber. A total of 1300 cultigens were tested in Clinton, NC, and Skierniewice, Poland, in 2005 to 2007 under natural field epidemics. The most resistant and susceptible cultigens were further evaluated in replicated experiments in North Carolina and India in 2007 to 2009. Fungicide experiments were run in 2008 and 2009 to identify tolerance, involving weekly applications to one of two sets of material at a location. Results from the retest study confirmed the results of the initial screening. The most resistant cultigens over all environments were PI 605996, PI 330628, and PI 197088. Cultigens have been found that significantly outperform checks in all resistance traits. High yielding and tolerant cultigens have also been identified that could be used in developing improved cultivars.
Genomic Prediction of Breeding Values when Modeling Genotype × Environment Interaction using Pedigree and Dense Molecular Markers
Authors: Burgueño Juan , de los Campos Gustavo , Weigel Kent , Crossa José
Published: April 2012

Genomic selection (GS) has become an important aid in plant and animal breeding. Multienvironment (multitrait) models allow borrowing of information across environments (traits), which could enhance prediction accuracy. This study presents multienvironment (multitrait) models for GS and compares the predictive accuracy of these models with: (i) multienvironment analysis without pedigree and marker information, and (ii) multienvironment pedigree or/and marker‐based models. A statistical framework for incorporating pedigree and molecular marker information in models for multienvironment data is described and applied to data that originate from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) multienvironment trials. Two prediction problems relevant to plant breeders are considered: (CV1) predicting the performance of untested genotypes (“newly” developed lines), and (CV2) predicting the performance of genotypes that have been evaluated in some environments but not in others. Results confirmed the superiority of models using both marker and pedigree information over those based on pedigree information only. Models with pedigree and/or markers had better predictive accuracy than simple linear mixed models that do not include either of these two sources of information. We concluded that the evaluation of such trials can benefit greatly from using multienvironment GS models.
The Relationship Between the Stay‐Green Trait and Grain Yield in Elite Sorghum Hybrids Grown in a Range of Environments
Authors: Jordan D. R. , Hunt C. H. , Cruickshank A. W. , Borrell A. K. , Henzell R.G.
Published: April 2012

The stay‐green drought adaptation mechanism has been widely promoted as a way of improving grain yield and lodging resistance in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and as a result has been the subject of many physiological and genetic studies. The relevance of these studies to elite sorghum hybrids is not clear given that they sample a limited number of environments and were conducted using inbred lines or relatively small numbers of experimental F1 hybrids. In this study we investigated the relationship between stay‐green and yield using data from breeding trials that sampled 1668 unique hybrid combinations and 23 environments whose mean yields varied from 2.3 to 10.5 t ha−1. The strength and direction of the association between stay‐green and grain yield varied with both environment and genetic background (male tester). The majority of associations were positive, particularly in environments with yields below 6 t ha−1. As trial mean yield increased above 6 t ha−1 there was a trend toward an increased number of negative associations; however, the number and magnitude of the positive associations were larger. Given that post‐flowering drought is very commonly experienced by sorghum crops world wide and average yields are 1.2 and 2.5 t ha−1 for the world and Australia, respectively, our results indicate that selection for stay‐green in elite sorghum hybrids may be broadly beneficial for increasing yield in a wide range of environments.
Improved Heat Tolerance through Drought Preconditioning Associated with Changes in Lipid Composition, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Protein Expression in Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Peng Yan , Xu Chenping , Xu Lixin , Huang Bingru
Published: April 2012

Plant tolerance to drought and heat stress may be interrelated. The study was designed to examine whether improved heat tolerance through drought preconditioning is associated with changes in lipid and protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (cv. Brilliant) plants were well watered (non‐preconditioned control) or exposed to drought without irrigation for 12 d (drought preconditioning) and then exposed to heat stress (35°C/30°C) for 25 d in growth chambers. Compared to the non‐preconditioned control, preconditioned plants had higher turf quality and chlorophyll content, and lower leaf electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation under heat stress. Lipid saturation level increased under heat stress due to decreases in the content of linolenic (C18:3) and increases in linoleic (C18:2) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. Total fatty acid content and the content of C18:3 were significantly higher and C16:0 content was lower in preconditioned than in non‐preconditioned plants at 15 d of heat stress. The activity of superoxide dismutase increased in preconditioned plants at the initiation of heat stress, but it decreased in non‐preconditioned plants under heat stress. Preconditioned plants had higher catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities than non‐preconditioned plants under heat stress. Drought preconditioning accelerated the up‐regulation of chaperonin and heat shock protein 90, inhibited the down‐regulation of proteins for amino acid metabolism, and induced the expression of lipoxygenase. These results imply that drought‐preconditioning‐enhanced heat tolerance was associated with the promotion of antioxidant activities and chaperoning protein expression, protecting plants from cellular damages from heat stress.