bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of avifauna in green areas of Almaty City in the beginning of 21st century
Authors: Ilina Viktoriya , Jashenko Roman , Tastybai Meruert , Geidt Assya
Published: June 2021

Currently, there are serious changes in the environment in Almaty due to the accentuated urbanization processes. The avifauna of the city is experiencing serious stress pressure in this regard, which forces the animals to adapt to new conditions or leave this territory. The last fundamental research on the species composition of the city's fauna was conducted about 3 decades ago. The analysis of information on the birds of Almaty, collected by specialists of the Institute of Zoology over the past 50 years, showed significant changes in the avifauna. 5 categories of bird species were identified: 1) species that have disappeared from the urban fauna, 2) species whose numbers have declined significantly, 3) species that have a tendency to decline in numbers, 4) species whose numbers are stable or have increased, 5) species that are settling.
Inventory of fauna as a tool for sustainable use of economically important mammal species (on the example of the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan)
Authors: Kashkarov Roman , Mitropolskaya Yuliya
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the first experience for Uzbekistan in mammals' fauna inventory in the context of large administrative districts. Tashkent region was chosen as a model territory for researching – as an integral natural area with natural geographical boundaries. A revision of the composition and assessment of the fauna current conditions of economically significant mammals of this region was carried out. The primary limiting factors and threats to the existence of these species were analyzed. The permissible standards for the removal of economically significant mammalian species from the natural environment were determined, based on the data of the abundance and their habitats conditions. Standard approaches and methods for inventory have been developed: data collection and storage; working with sources of existing information; field research as the gaps closing basic method. Based on the results of the research, standard species profiles were prepared for 17 economically significant mammalian species, including data on distribution, landscape location, abundance, and permissible operational loads. A proposal to change the current conservation status of the Long-tailed Marmot, Corsac Fox and Steppe Polecat was justified. These species were previously considered as hunting objects, but now they have become rare. The impact of introduced and invasive species – Coypu, Muskrat, American Mink and Norway Rat on the native fauna was determined. The analysis of negative impacts on the species allowed to recommend a number of applied measures for the sustainable use of biological resources.
Influence of hydrochemical indicators on the age and density of bivalve molluscs, spread in the lower reaches of the Zarafshan river
Authors: Masharipov R. , Suyarov S. , Khasanov N. , Jabbarova T. , Jalilov F. , Turikhanov F. , Kosimov D. , Tuinazarova I. , Shodmonov F.
Published: June 2021

Hydrochemical parameters of water in ecosystems of Gijdivan district of Bukhara region: O2 content 4,9 ± 0,5 mg / l, Cl2 312 ± 14 mg / l, mineralization - 992-1402 mg / l and oil products about 0,6-0,8 mg / l, it turned out that the amount of these elements in the water exceeds the permissible norm. The following conclusions were made on the basis of the study of the status of the species listed in the “Red Book” in aquatic ecosystems of the lower reaches of the Zarafshan river. We found that the population of the species Colletopterum and Corbicula in the village of Sultanabad in the Navoi region is a growing population, while the population of the species Colletopterum and Corbicula in the Gijduvan region of the Bukhara region is decreasing.
Changes in biological indicators of the silver bream Blicca bjoerkna at the upper part of the Volga stretch of the Kuybyshev reservoir in connection with the anthropogenic impact
Authors: Glazunova Gloria F. , Galanin Igor F. , Smirnov Andrey A.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the silver bream of the upper part of the Volga stretch of the Kuibyshev reservoir maintained a tendency to reduce the average size and weight indicators. Given the good availability of food and the fact that in the area under consideration, commercial fishing of this species has not been carried out in recent years, it can be assumed that changes in biological indicators are caused by a significant impact of anthropogenic impact in the form of individual and poaching fishing. It is necessary to strengthen control measures for such types of fishing.
Ecological and faunal features of the streams of the Gizeldon River basin
Authors: Cherchesova Susanna , Dzioeva Ia , Novatorov Oleg , Gassieva Elvira
Published: June 2021

The fauna of unnamed streams of the Gizeldon River basin was studied, the habitat conditions were determined, the structure of litoreophilic biocenoses was revealed, and the analysis of stream and river biotopes was conducted. As a result of the research, 48 species from 28 genera, 37 families, 12 orders, 6 classes and 4 types were identified for the Gizeldon River basin. The greatest diversity is found in the fauna of streams (30 species) – 35%, for the Gizeldon River, including the branches – 26 species (32 %) have been identified, in Genaldon-17 species (20%) and in the backwaters 11 species (13%) have been recorded
Influence of Bison bonasus on flora and vegetation change in Krasnikovsky forestry of “Orlovskoe Polesie” national park
Authors: Kiseleva L.L. , Silaeva Zh.G. , Chaadaeva N.N. , Parakhina E.A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to reveal the influence of European bison (Bison bonasus) on flora and vegetation change in Krasnikovsky forestry of “Orlovskoe Polesie” national park. In August-September of 2019, floristic and geobotanical studies of flora and vegetation were carried out at self-feeding stations, in the locations of salt licks, as well as in the bisons’ passage points in Krasnikovsky forestry of “Orlovskoe Polesie” national park. There were identified 142 species of vascular plants of 9 phytocenotic formations according to G. Zozulin’s classification: nemoral, birch forest, helobious grass, alder, boreal-willow, boreal forest, pine forest, meadow and anthropogenic. The number of phytocenotic groups and the percentage of species in each of them varied. A direct relationship was established between the time of self-feeding stations formation and the participation of non-forest species in the corresponding phytocenoses: the earlier self-feeding station was formed, the higher the participation percentage in the coen of non-forest species. When assessing geobotanical descriptions according to the Ramensky’s pasture digression ecological scale it was revealed that the greatest digression degree is observed in the locations of self-feeding stations: from a moderate influence of grazing (semi-pasture stage, 5 points) to a weak influence of grazing (hay stage, 4.5 points). In places adjacent to feeding self-feeding stations, or bisons’ passages, a weak influence of grazing was noted, a haying stage (3.7-4.0 points). In the places solonetzic soil locations, the influence of grazing does not affect (2 points) or there is a weak influence of grazing, haying stage (3-4 points).
The impact of fire on plant biodiversity in the semideserts of Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Lednev Sergey , Semenkov Ivan , Sharapova Anna , Koroleva Tatyana
Published: June 2021

The dynamics of species richness and diversity indices in pyrogenic successions of sagebrush and perennial saltwort communities in Central Kazakhstan were analyzed. The biodiversity of such communities during the initial years after fires was higher than that in unburnt phytocenoses. However, values of biodiversity parameters significantly decreased 27-31 years after fires.
The state dynamics of Scots pine communities under conditions of a decrease in airborne industrial pollution
Authors: Evdokimov Alexander
Published: June 2021

This work examines the changes in the life state of Scots pine communities located in the immediate vicinity of the source of aerial anthropogenic emission with a clear decrease in its level in the time interval 2015-2018. It is shown that due to the physiological and ontogenetic characteristics of woody forms of plants, the response to changes in the level of pollution by the tree layer will be insignificant in a relatively narrow time interval (within the limit of statistical error). However, this response to the reduction of pollution will still manifest itself. Also, one of the reasons for such a slow response can be considered the accumulation of heavy metals in the organic horizons of the soil, where heavy metals form complex compounds (chylates) that are inactive for eluvial processes. The most probable way of development of these communities, while maintaining the current level of emission, will be a gradual increase in the life state of the tree layer to a certain value.
Genetic structure in natural populations of Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. (Podocarpaceae) in the Central Highlands of Vietnam inferred by Microsatellites
Authors: Vu Dinh Duy , Nguyen Quoc Khanh , Pham Mai Phuong
Published: June 2021

To provide a reference for the conservation and application of breeding parentallines resource of Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.). Genetic diversity and population structure of eighty individuals from four populations (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak and Lam Dong) in Central Highlands were evaluated using eight SSR markers. Based on the SSR data, 21 alleles were detected by eight SSR with high polymorphism. The genetic diversity of levels within the populations were moderately high (Ho = 0.555, He = 0.429). The average number of shannon information index were 0.618 and genetic differentiation among populations was low (Fst=0.097). The AMOVA revealed high genetic variation within individuals (87%) compared among populations (13%). The UPGMA phenogram showed that the results of molecular clustering largely agreed with the pedigree and geographic origin. Three populations (NL, KCR and BDNB) were clustered together and CYS population was separated. The maximum quantity ΔK was observed for K=2 in population structure analysis, indicating that the entire collection could be divided into two main groups of genes. This study can provide a theoretical basis for genetic resource management and varieties identification of D. elatum resources, and provide reference basis for breeding.
Ecogenetic monitoring of ionizing radiation for radon-hazardous territories
Authors: Biyasheva Zarema , Dyachkov Vyacheslav , Zaripova Yuliya , Shaizadinova Aisha , Ikhsanova Bibizhan , Medeubayeva Aizhan , Stvayeva Aidana
Published: June 2021

This work is devoted to studying the alpha activity distribution of natural radionuclides in boarding schools located near zones of tectonic faults. There are many tectonic faults in the Almaty and this is the basis for referring the southern capital of Kazakhstan to the radon-hazardous territories. As a result of radiometric measurements a 2D-topology of the alpha-radiation flux density distribution from the distance to the tectonic fault was found. Based on the measurements results the coefficient of radon concentration from the distance to the tectonic rupture was found. Using the obtained pattern, it is possible to plot the dependence of volumetric alpha activity for other schools, if their distances from the tectonic fault are known. In addition, interest in biomedical and ecogenetic effects of radon and its decay products has grown considerably in the last few years. These effects have been investigated in biotests on Drosophila’s two systems. It was found that alpha-particles, with the help of which the situation in radon-hazardous territories was simulated, possess mutagenic influence manifested mainly in formation of morphoses or deformities.
Ecological state of water bodies and their water protection zones within the boundaries of settlements of the Yamal Peninsula
Authors: Kolesnikov Roman
Published: June 2021

Most of the population of the Yamal Peninsula lives in settlements located on the banks of rivers. The increasing industrial development of the Yamal Peninsula leads to the fact that in these settlements in the water area and on the shores, objects of the fuel and energy complex are being built and functioning. At the same time, the contribution to water pollution of settlements located here, as well as objects of transport and fuel and energy infrastructure, is still unclear. On the other hand, the issues of intensifying the processes of coastal destruction and the related danger to residential and economic infrastructure are increasingly being discussed. However, the degree of activation of these processes on the Yamal Peninsula is also poorly understood. During the study, the state of water bodies and water protection zones was monitored for the period from 2016 to 2020. It was found that at present no significant anthropogenic pollution of water and bottom sediments is recorded. The content of pollutants and heavy metals is mainly determined by natural conditions. At the same time, the water protection zones are littered with scrap metal and household waste. Activation of channel processes and processes of abrasion and thermal abrasion of the banks is observed. The intensity of coastal destruction processes in the erosion zone varies from 0.25 to 0.85 m/year.
Biogeochemical specialization of Aegopodium podagraria L. in conditions of the Middle Volga region of Russia
Authors: Sibgatullina Madina
Published: June 2021

Properties of trace elements accumulation (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Co, Cd) in plants of Aegopodium podagraria L. in conditions of the Middle Volga region of Russia within the Republic of Tatarstan are considered. The biogeochemical specialization of Aegopodium podagraria L. depending on phytocenotic conditions has been established. Organospecificity of trace elements accumulation in Aegopodium podagraria L. is revealed.
Soil contamination with heavy metals in the sh. Rashidovsky district of Jizzakh region and methods of their decrease from the soil composition
Authors: Berdieva Dildora Sh.
Published: June 2021

Sh. Rashidovsky district is one of the territories where the quality of agricultural land has decreased, the main land of the district is located near the city center, industrial enterprises pollute the soil with various pollutants, the natural balance is disturbed and the ecological environment is polluted. During the survey of soil pollution with heavy metals, the concentration of heavy metals in the soil in the layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70 cm) of agricultural land was analyzed. Analysis of soil contamination with heavy metals in the territory shows that a slight increase in the MCL for soils was observed for cuprum, zinc, chromium, nickel, cobalt and arsenic. The increase occurred mainly in the upper layer of 0-30 centimeters. The concentrations of all other heavy metals do not exceed the MCL, which confirms the conclusions drawn in the review section of the study on the low informative value of heavy metals in environmental monitoring. To reduce the negative impact of heavy metals on the light gray lands of the Sh. Rashidov region, it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers, grow crops that are resistant to pollution.
Sorption of dissolved organic matter by freshwater bacterioplankton
Authors: Tikhonov Vladimir , Drozdova Olga , Cheptsov Vladimir , Demin Vladimir
Published: June 2021

Here we describe the study of the sorption of high-molecular components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of natural waters - humic acids - by eight bacterial strains isolated from freshwater. Isotherms of DOM sorption by cells are described by the Langmuir equation. Gram-positive bacteria adsorb more DOM than gram-negative bacteria, with high molecular weight DOM fractions binding in a relatively selective manner. A high positive correlation (r = 0.91) was found between the decrease in the molecular weight of DOM during the sorption of these compounds by cells and the maximum sorption value. The formation of a polysaccharide capsule increases the binding of DOM by the cells of Pseudomonas sp. to the level of gram-positive bacteria.
Study of the efficiency of energy use of willow chips and torrefied hydrolytic lignin pellets
Authors: Lyubov Viktor , Popov Anatoly , Popova Evgeniya , Tretyakov Sergey , Paramonov Andrey , Koptev Sergey
Published: June 2021

The lack of raw materials to provide power plants with biofuel requires the search for new energy sources. In the European North of Russia, it is recommended to grow plantings of the willow (Salix L.) in the form of trees or tree-like shrubs, while ensuring a short interval between fellings. The studies show that the artificial cultivation of willow plantations on postagrogenic lands is economically more expedient than the exploitation of natural willow forests. This study examines the energy efficiency of willow wood, which is necessary when planning its use for the production of biofuel (wood chips or fuel pellets) and pellets obtained from torrefied hydrolytic lignin. A comprehensive study of the energy efficiency of willow chips, willow chips with bark, hydrolytic lignin pellets during the operation of the “Firematic 60” hot water boiler was carried out. The elemental composition of the fuels and the resulting ash was studied using an EDX-8000 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and a Euro EA-3000 analyzer. The components of the heat balance and emission of harmful substances were determined. The emissions of particulate matter and the content of soot particles were studied.
Environmental assessment of road construction materials and technologies with the use of production wastes
Authors: Mitrofanov N. G. , Sushilova A. Yu.
Published: June 2021

The following paper presents some results of long-term research on the urgent problem of recycling waste products and their use in road construction. The studied new materials and technologies are justified by the developments of Tyumen Industrial University. The aim of this work is to prove the technique, checking the ecological safety of the road materials with the use of waste products. Research techniques and test subjects are quantitative chemical analysis and biological testing of road material samples with waste additives obtained during drilling and oil production. Along with the standard procedures for analyzing the contamination and toxicity of water extracts, the authors have proposed and tested the evaluation of repeated and long-term extractions, imitating the possible environmental impact of waste products. The obtained results showed the environmental safety of the road-building materials based on wastes.
About a regional development model that takes into account environmental problems with budgeting uncertainty
Authors: Novikov Artem
Published: June 2021

Raw-materials base (hereinafter RMB) is one of the largest industries for financial investments in Russia. There are various mathematical descriptions for the development of regions with resource-based economy. Earlier in [1] the researchers considered the model based on bilevel integer stochastic programming problems with Boolean variables. This paper proposes a new approach to public-private partnership modelling, including a bilevel linear stochastic programming problem. This model assumes that budget constraints of the state and the investor can vary in a random manner with a specific probability distribution. We put forward two methods to solve this problem: problem’s reduction to the deterministic bilevel one and formulation of deterministic problems sequence with help of Monte Carlo methods. In order to solve deterministic problems of integer programming, we suggest two approaches: direct enumeration and heuristic “Game” approach. The numerical experiments for proposed algorithms validation are conducted on the basis of actual data of Zabaykalsky Krai development. Multiple input parameters of the model vary in these experiments. Finally, we present a brief analysis of the obtained solutions to the stochastic linear programming problems with Boolean variables.
Studying the mutagenic activity of drinking water and soil samples selected from Kentau and adjacent territories
Authors: Cherednichenko Oksana , Nuraliev Serikbay , Berkinbaev Galym , Yakovleva Natalia , Sadvakasov Yerlan , Pilugina Anastassiya , Baigushikova Gulnara
Published: June 2021

In the course of carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment and health of the population of the city of Kentau and adjacent territories, a study of the mutagenic activity of drinking water and soil samples taken in the territory of Kentau and adjacent settlements, the background territory and the comparison territory was carried out. In the course of the study, it was revealed that individual samples of drinking water and water extracts of soils cause a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in the cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the Allium-test. Analysis of the total mutagenic activity of the samples under study indicates the absence of a fundamentally contaminated and/or clean territory in the studied region, which indicates their general contamination with a tendency to increase contamination in some places.
Watershed of a small river as source of contaminants and biogenic elements
Authors: Klubov Stepan , Rozhkova Iuliia , Tretyakov Victor , Dmitriev Vasiliy
Published: June 2021

There is considered methodology of estimation of contaminants and biogenic elements intake into water objects from urban watersheds by municipal non-point runoff. We used the Volkovka River in St. Petersburg and its watershed for the research because the watershed is characterized by high degree of variety and includes all possible types of urban areas: multi-storey residential constructions, industrial areas, green spaces, cemeteries, wastelands, and even agricultural areas. The research included the monitoring data processing, the watershed analysis by GIS-technologies, and field studies.
Microplastics as an emerging hazard to terrestrial and marine ecosystems: Sources, Occurrence and Analytical Methods
Authors: Chouchene Khawla , Ksibi Mohamed
Published: June 2021

Microplastics (MPs) with particles lower than 5mm in size, are crucial pollution of increasing ecotoxicological concern in the environments. Lately, studies on MPs have been documented globally due to increasing awareness of the potential risks for human health and for the environment. However due to limitations of different analytical methods and environmental assessment risk, MPs distribution and biological effects are still database topics. To clarify this gap, this study brings out a wide range of scientific literature related to MPs studies in different environmental compartments as well as sediments, oceans, coastlines, uptake and the health effect. The environmental and health risk related to microplastic contamination is still unclear.
The quality of surface water in Salekhard
Authors: Pechkina Yulia , Shinkaruk Elena , Kolesnikov Roman , Krasnenko Aleksandr , Agbalyan Elena
Published: June 2021

The work includes the natural waters’ quality control within the precincts of Salekhard. Shaytanka River, Poluy River and Lebyazhye Lake were discovered. By waters’ quality control was used pollution index. The work is done in terms of Scientific work (NIR) “Assessment of the health risk of the population of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District in connection with the impact of chemical environmental factors”.
Red yeast Rhodotorula benthica – substitute feed base for echinoderms in factory cultivation
Authors: Matrosova Inga V. , Politaeva Anastasia A.
Published: June 2021

Now decrease press of the fishery on natural populations of hydrobionts and restoration of their number due to artificial reproduction is actual. At artificial cultivation important properly to choose the right feed. To develop the feeding technology, work was carried out with larvae and juveniles of sea cucumber and gray sea urchin in the conditions of the mini-plant of the Scientific and Production Department of Mariculture of the Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University located in Severnaya Bay (Slavyansky Gulf, the Sea of Japan) and Troitsa Bay (Vladimir Gulf, the Sea of Japan). Experimental studies have shown the possibility of using the sea yeast Rhodotorula benthica as either the main feed or as a feed additive. Practical recommendations have been developed for the use of Rhodotorula benthica yeast as a substitute feed base for growing larvae and juveniles of Japanese sea cucumber and gray sea urchin. The results of the work will serve as a basis for the development of biotechnology for feeding at echinoderm breeding farms and will be useful to the organizations, whose duties include rational and competent progress of marine economic territories.
Porous structure of intercalated cobalt ferrocyanides
Authors: Tsyganov A. R. , Panasugin А. S. , Masherova N.P. , Kurilo I. I.
Published: June 2021

Radiation safety is an integral part of environmental safety and includes a set of measures to protect people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Ferrocyanides of transition metals are among the most highly effective and selective collectors for concentrating radionuclides. Under certain conditions of synthesis, ferrocyanide compounds can be formed having a layered structure, for example, the ferrocyanide 2Co2[Fe(CN)6] K4 [Fe(CN)6] 3H2O, however, taking into account the structure of the starting material it was decided to use Fe3+ polyhydroxy complexes as a modifying agent. The effect of the amount of modifiers on the sorption properties of cobalt ferrocyanide was studied in the course of the work.
Palynological assessment of the atmosphere in the city of Cherepovets
Authors: Kamygina Alexandra , Smirnova Maria , Afanasyeva Natalia , Poddubnaya Nadezhda
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of the study of aeropalinological spectra of the city of Cherepovets (59 ° 07′59 ″ N, 37 ° 53′59 ″ E), carried out during the growing season 2014-2015. The method of gravimetric sampling was used (Durham’s pollen trap). Data was obtained on 22 taxa and the dynamics of dusting of various palynomorphs; the dominant taxa of palinospectrum were identified, as well as non-pollen palynomorphs in the air. It is shown that Betula pollen grains prevail in the atmosphere of the city. The pollen of woody plants occupies 80% of the total spectrum, and the pollen of herbaceous plants – 20%. Seasonal highs are recorded twice: in May and in late June – early July. This information must be taken into account when accompanying patients with hay fever.
The architecture of the corporate training system in the system of non-formal environmental education for sustainable development in Russia
Authors: Ryazanova Natalya , Lobzhanidze Natalya , Subbotina Elena
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to analyse the readiness of the education system to educate employees and train the personnel reserve in the system of non-formal environmental education and awareness. Mission: To develop a new integrated policy of environmental education for sustainable development at the federal level in the Russian Federation. Objectives: to evaluate the possibility and necessity of introducing transversal educational courses for Master students and teachers of additional education on the themes of the environmental cluster of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); to substantiate comparability of separate modules, practical works and course as a whole for preparing students in general education for implementing education for sustainable development; to integrate SDG-related topics into existing directions of environmental education and additional education in general education; to promote efficient training of staff reserve in the system of informal education for sustainable development. The main research methods: the end-to-end system modelling of adult education, continuous learning, and professional development systems using ASSURE design algorithm for economic and qualitative assessment of learning outcomes. A novel methodology for the adaptation of corporate training for the system of additional environmental education at the state level was developed and proposed for the first time.
Improving environmental education among students of philology by the business game method
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Shven Yaroslava , Karimov Hennadii , Tolstova Anna , Chupryna Nataliia
Published: June 2021

The training of modern specialists in the field of philology, and in particular the formation of their communicative competence, is a very complex and time-consuming process, which depends on a variety of objective and subjective factors. In this study, we used the business game method to increase the level of environmental education and communicative competence of students of philology. Environmental education provides an opportunity to create the necessary conditions for the sustainable development of the economy and society. In most industrialized countries, there are trends towards saving the natural resources consumed, and waste recycling is also used to reuse the useful resources contained in them. In our opinion, sustainable socio-economic development should provide for the preservation of the fauna and flora, the fertility of the land, as well as the cleanliness of the air space for future generations. We believe that this requires the availability of high-quality environmental education among specialists in various areas of human activity. The results of the business game showed an increase in students ’ communicative competence, as well as an increase in environmental education and the desire to protect the environment.
The usage of live invertebrates at the expositions of the Museum of Natural Science
Authors: Pyatina Ekaterina , Bulgakova Marina
Published: June 2021

The usage of live invertebrates at excursions have been considered by us in order to attract interest for multifunctional and multicomponential system - soil.
Cognitive modeling as a means of assessment and formation of systemic thinking
Authors: Ledashcheva Tatiana , Pinaev Vladimir
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the development of systems thinking of students. Systems thinking nowadays becomes crucial for specialists in the field of environmental management. However, the peculiarities of modern education since school are not conducive to the widespread formation of system thinking skills. The authors propose to use cognitive modeling to develop systems thinking in students, as well as to assess the degree of formation of these skills.
Expectant Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kondoh Eiji
Published: June 2021

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder is a potentially life-threatening complication. The incidence of PAS has increased over the past few decades, mainly due to the increased cesarean section rate. While cesarean hysterectomy remains the most standard treatment for the management of PAS, expectant management is becoming increasingly prevalent to avoid serious maternal morbidity and maintain future fertility. Expectant management is defined as leaving the placenta either partially or fully in situ, and waiting for its spontaneous resorption or expulsion. The success rate of expectant management is high, but intraoperative uncontrolled hemorrhage results in hysterectomy. Moreover, some individuals fail expectant management and require delayed hysterectomy due to complications such as secondary postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, uterine necrosis, and vesicouterine fistula. As a result of the very limited data currently available, there is no consensus on the optimal strategy for the expectant management of PAS. However, it is clear that a multidisciplinary team approach in tertiary centers is essential for women with PAS. In addition, meticulous preparation is the key to successful expectant management. Here, we describe a surgical strategy designed to reduce perioperative blood loss, which is a minimum requirement to ensure maternal safety. This article also addresses practical issues in expectant management of PAS, based on the published literature and our own experience.
Breaking Down Communication Barriers: Assessing the Need for Audiologists to Have Access to Clinically Relevant Sign Language
Authors: Panning Samantha , Lee Rachel L. , Misurelli Sara M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract Background Research suggests Deaf individuals have longstanding negative perceptions of their interactions with health care providers, primarily due to communication barriers. One way to improve relations would be for audiologists to learn clinically
relevant sign language. Purpose The aim of the study is to gain a better understanding of audiologists' knowledge of Deaf culture and American Sign Language (ASL) and evaluate motivation for instruction in signing abilities. Research Design A 21-question survey
was emailed and advertised in a social media group for audiologists. The survey was divided into four sections: (1) demographics, (2) education of ASL and Deaf culture, (3) experience with ASL and Deaf culture, and (4) motivation to learn clinical signs. Data Analysis Descriptive
statistics were analyzed for quantitative analysis of survey responses. Results A total of 489 responses were obtained and analyzed. Majority of respondents (82.6%) completed a manual ASL course, though only a third reported exposure to clinically relevant signs (37.4%). The
majority of respondents rated their signing abilities at the word level, and knowing somewhere between 5 and 20 signs, expressively (50.5%) and receptively (53.9%). Results illustrate the majority of audiologists (54.5%) feel their clinical signing abilities need to be improved and were either
highly (30.9%) or somewhat motivated (42.1%) to do so. Conclusion Study results suggest that although participants are enrolling in and completing ASL courses, clinical signs are not routinely included. This omission leads to reduced signing ability, potentially harming the
provider‐patient relationship. The majority of survey respondents reported that they are strongly motivated to improve their signing abilities. Results of the present study suggest there is need for a comprehensive clinical signs resource for audiologists to provide quality patient
care to their Deaf patients. At present, there is no known, available tool to help accomplish this need.
Aspirin Is Associated with Decreased Allogeneic Transfusions and Resource Utilization following Hip Fracture Care
Authors: Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Sayeed Zain , Mori Benjamin V. , Padela Muhammad T. , Barinaga Gonzalo , Cagle Paul J. , Saleh Khaled J.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of our study is to assess the relationship and compare the impact of aspirin, enoxaparin, and warfarin use on postoperative anemia, allogenic transfusions, and resource utilization following hip fracture fixation. This is a retrospective study at a Level 1 trauma center with 450 geriatric hip fracture patients who underwent hip fracture surgery and chemoprophylaxis. Hip fracture patients were separated into three cohorts depending on the type of chemoprophylaxis administered aspirin, enoxaparin, or warfarin. Initially, all three cohorts were assessed for baseline characteristics, postoperative anemia, transfusion rates, and resource utilization. Next, aspirin and enoxaparin were comparatively evaluated for the same variables. Four hundred and fifty patients met inclusion criteria for the first portion of this study. No baseline variance was evident among the three cohorts except for body mass index (p = 0.007) and diagnosis of congestive heart failure (p = 0.001). Outcomes were insignificant for in-hospital mortality (p = 0.19), postoperative anemia (p = 0.43), hemoglobin levels (p = 0.91), and ∆hemoglobin (p = 0.99), length-of-stay (p = 0.12), disposition (p = 0.13), and 30-day readmission (p =0.09). The transfusion rate (p < 0.001) and hospital cost (p = 0.01) varied significantly among the prophylactic cohorts. Three hundred and eighty nine patients met inclusion criteria for the aspirin and enoxaparin comparison. Baseline characteristics between the cohorts only revealed a significant variance for age (p = 0.03). Outcomes did not vary significantly among aspirin and enoxaparin cohorts; however, hospital cost was 12.3% greater in patients receiving enoxaparin (p = 0.01). Our study compares administration of aspirin, warfarin, and enoxaparin as means of chemoprophylaxis following hip fracture repair. Analyses of outcomes demonstrated patients receiving warfarin were more likely to require transfusions. Additionally, when compared with aspirin, resource utilization was 16.9 and 12.3% greater with warfarin and enoxaparin, respectively. Thus, our study suggests that aspirin is a safe and cost-effective option for chemoprophylaxis following hip fracture fixation.
Hand Masses
Authors: Teh James , Shahabpour Maryam , Drape Jean-Luc , Feydy Antoine , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona , Vanhoenacker Filip M.
Published: June 2021

Hand and wrist soft tissue masses may be classified as pseudotumors, benign neoplasms, or malignant neoplasms. The vast majority of hand lesions are benign. Consideration of the location of the lesion and its imaging characteristics often leads to a specific diagnosis. Pseudotumors discussed in this article are ganglion cysts, accessory muscles, and inflammatory lesions. True tumors are described according to their tissue type: nerve sheath tumors, adipocytic tumors, so-called fibrohistiocytic tumors, pericytic tumors, and vascular lesions. We also outline the imaging features of masses encountered in the hand and wrist.
Ambulatory Phlebectomy and Sclerotherapy as Tools for the Treatment of Varicose Veins and Telangiectasias
Authors: Andrews R. Hampton , Dixon Robert G.
Published: June 2021

Treatment of chronic venous disease is a fascinating and rewarding undertaking. Once the truncal reflux is addressed, several options are available that can be used to treat the associated ulcers, varicosities, reticular veins, and telangiectasias. This review will focus on two widely employed procedures: ambulatory phlebectomy and sclerotherapy.
Evaluation and Management of Patients with Leg Swelling: Therapeutic Options for Venous Disease and Lymphedema
Authors: Scherer Kimberly , Khilnani Neil
Published: June 2021

Lower extremity swelling is a common condition which has a variety of etiologies and can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Swelling is usually the result of the accumulation of interstitial fluid in the subcutaneous tissues. Common etiologies include systemic, superficial, and deep venous, and lymphatic disorders. Leg swelling can occur bilaterally or unilaterally, with venous disorders being one of the most common causes of unilateral lower extremity edema.
Cartilage Conduction Hearing Aid Fitting in Clinical Practice
Authors: Nishimura Tadashi , Hosoi Hiroshi , Sugiuchi Tomoko , Matsumoto Nozomu , Nishiyama Takanori , Kenichi Takano , Sugimoto Satofumi , Yazama Hiroaki , Sato Takeshi , Komori Masahiro
Published: June 2021

Abstract Background Cartilage conduction hearing aids (CCHAs) were newly devised and spread fast in Japan since their launch in 2017. However, little knowledge is available for this new device. Purpose The aim of this study was to establish the
knowledge of CCHAs and suggest their indication. Research Design Correlational study. Study Sample A total 256 patients were registered. Data Collection and Analysis The fitting of CCHAs was surveyed in nine institutions. The outcomes were assessed
by audiometric tests. The patients were classified into seven groups, depending on the ear conditions. The clinical characteristics, assessment results, and purchase rates were compared among the groups. The assessment results of CCHAs were also compared with those of previously used hearing
aids. Results Most patients who used CCHAs were classified into the bilateral closed (aural atresia or severe stenosis) ear (n = 65) or unilateral closed ear (n = 124) groups. The patients in these groups achieved good benefits that
resulted in a high purchase rate. The bilateral continuous otorrhea group also supported a high purchase rate, although the benefits of CCHAs were not always excellent. In contrast, the purchase rate was poor in the patients who could use air conduction hearing aids (ACHAs) without absolute
problems. As for using a CCHA as a contralateral routing of signals hearing aid, the benefits depended on the patients. Conclusions CCHAs are considered as a great option not only to the patients with closed ears but also to those who had difficulties in ACHAs usage.
Temperature-sensitive liposomes employ ultrasound for chemotherapy use
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: June 2021

An ultrasonic transducer can initiate and control a temperature increase in a liposome drug-delivery system.
Liquid-microjet photoelectron imaging spectrometry for liquid aqueous solutions
Authors: Long Jinyou , Qiu Ziheng , Wei Jie , Li Duoduo , Song Xinli , Jin Bing , Zhang Bing
Published: June 2021

A new liquid-microjet photoelectron imaging (PEI) spectrometer has been constructed that combines the liquid-microjet technique with velocity-map imaging. This novel method enables us to simultaneously measure the energy and angular distributions of the photoelectrons produced from highly volatile liquid solutions. The capability of the spectrometer has been demonstrated by recording the photoelectron image of the aqueous 2-furfural. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the PEI of liquid aqueous solutions has succeeded.
Probing nonlinear velocity profiles of shear-thinning, nematic platelet dispersions in Couette flow using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Y. , Korculanin O. , Narayanan S. , Buitenhuis J. , Rogers S. A. , Leheny R. L. , Lettinga M. P.
Published: June 2021

We report experiments employing x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) to characterize the velocity profiles of complex fluids in Couette flow. The approach involves modeling the XPCS correlation functions obtained with the incident x-ray beam passing tangentially through the Couette cell gap at various distances from the inner wall. We first demonstrate the technique with measurements on a dilute colloidal dispersion in the Newtonian liquid glycerol, where the expected linear velocity profiles are recovered. We then employ the technique to map the shear-rate-dependent velocity profiles of a shear-thinning dispersion of nematically ordered Gibbsite platelets. The nonlinear velocity profiles of the Gibbsite dispersion include a narrow slip region adjacent to the outer wall and a band with a small velocity gradient in the interior of the gap that evolves into a region increasingly resembling plug flow with increasing shear rate. Variations in the velocity profile along the vorticity direction indicate an instability in the interface between this region of small velocity gradient and a region of high velocity gradient near the inner wall. The analysis of the small-angle scattering patterns provides information about the spatial and temporal variations in the nematic order of the Gibbsite dispersion and their coupling to the velocity profile. Additional potential applications of this XPCS-based technique and comparisons with established methods for characterizing velocity profiles are discussed.
Friction reduction by inlet temperature variation in microchannel flow
Authors: Gluzdov Dmitry S. , Gatapova Elizaveta Ya.
Published: June 2021

The problem of viscous resistance significantly hinders the development of effective microsystems for industrial applications, such as chemical analysis and cooling of microelectronics. We present results of experiments and three-dimensional numerical simulations of fluid flow in a rectangular smooth-walled microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of 149 μm. A pressure drop is measured, which depends on the flow rate and temperature of the inlet liquid. To examine the effect of fluid properties, three different liquids are tested, namely, water, ethanol, and methoxynonafluorobutane. The Reynolds number depends on temperature and is varied within the range 68–3011. It is found that the temperature dependence of the liquid viscosity can be used to significantly reduce the pressure drop along the channel. Heating the inlet fluid enables the pressure drop to be reduced by up to 40%. Based on the experimental measurements of the pressure drop in the fluid flow, the wall shear stress is found numerically, thereby allowing correlations to be obtained for the friction factor. The results show that the wall shear stress for numerical simulations can be estimated using the friction factor from the well-known formula with a slight deviation at a high Reynolds number. The experimental results are also in good agreement with the theoretical data for conventional channels.
A Lagrangian theory of geostrophic adjustment for zonally invariant flows on a rotating spherical earth
Authors: Paldor Nathan , Dritschel David G.
Published: June 2021

We examine the late-time evolution of an inviscid zonally symmetric shallow-water flow on the surface of a rotating spherical earth. An arbitrary initial condition radiates inertia–gravity waves that disperse across the spherical surface. The simpler problem of a uniformly rotating (f-plane) shallow-water flow on the plane radiates these waves to infinity, leaving behind a nontrivial steady flow in geostrophic balance (in which the Coriolis acceleration balances the horizontal hydrostatic pressure gradient). This is called “geostrophic adjustment.” On a sphere, the waves cannot propagate to infinity, and the flow can never become steady due to energy conservation (at least in the absence of shocks). Nonetheless, when energy is conserved a form of adjustment still takes place, in a time-averaged sense, and this flow satisfies an extended form of geostrophic balance dependent only on the conserved mass and angular momentum distributions of fluid particles, just as in the planar case. This study employs a conservative numerical scheme based on a Lagrangian form of the rotating shallow-water equations to substantiate the applicability of these general considerations on an idealized aqua-planet for an initial “dam” along the equator in a motionless ocean.
Theory and method of temperature control for drug release in hydrogel phantom of gastric mucosa in vitro
Authors: Zhu Pancheng , Peng Hanmin
Published: June 2021

Unresectable tumors in the gastrointestinal tract are difficult to treat, and traditional radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy can easily induce severe side-effects due to the toxicities of anticancer drugs. Effective methods to enhance the concentration of local drug release in the narrow and hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract are unavailable. To address this shortcoming, we propose a method to thermally trigger the release of Nile Red from temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) in an in vitro hydrogel phantom of the gastric mucosa through ultrasound treatment by using a small, piezoelectric, single-crystal ultrasonic transducer with a diameter of 2.2 mm. To control the rise in temperature, we establish a model for ultrasound thermal calculation according to Helmholtz's equation, the equations of heat transfer, and the Navier–Stokes equations and validate it through an in vitro experiment. The results show that the temperature reached the melting-phase transition temperature of TSL (40–42 °C) when the duty ratio of the driving voltage of the ultrasonic transducer was 60%, and the amplitude was greater than 40 Vpp and less than 60 Vpp. Furthermore, the maximum rate of release of Nile Red was 2.9 × 10−3 mg/min when the ultrasonic transducer was activated with a driving voltage of 60 Vpp and a duty ratio of 60%. Thus, the proposed method for temperature control can be applied to improve local drug concentration in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce the number of anticancer drugs in the body.