bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elite but Struggling: Mediated Narratives of Women Athletes and Mental Health Disclosures
Authors: Bissell Kimberly , Chou SuYu , Dirks Emily
Published: March 2024

This monograph analyzes online coverage and social media posts from five professional athletes—Simone Biles, Serena Williama, Naomi Osaka, Chloe Kim, and Gracie Gold—to sheds light on the journalistic and individual narratives around athletes, performance, goals as these intersect with mental health. Online news and entertainment media’s general representation of athletes frequently emphasizes victory with a focus on outcomes, often overshadowing the athletes’ well-being. Using social identity and framing theories, the study identifies narratives in social and online media, emphasizing the storytelling components related to mental health, as well as what athletes express as potential causes of the mental health issues they are experiencing, especially intense competition, physical condition, media pressure, and a general lack of mental health awareness in sports. The study’s examination of how athletes use their social media platforms to help journalists craft their stories offers a deeper understanding of their mental health stories beyond the basic win-or-lose narrative. We advocate for a paradigm shift, urging recognition of athletes as individuals with vulnerabilities who deserve supportive environments.
On the Value of a Premium College Football Player: Evaluating the Literature
Authors: Losak Jeremy M. , Posmanick Benjamin J. , Sauer Raymond D.
Published: March 2024

Over the past decade, the issue of player compensation in college sports has been the subject of several successful legal challenges. Athletes contend that the compensation they receive falls significantly short of the value they generate, attributing this gap to unlawful National Collegiate Athletic Association restrictions. Numerous tools exist in the sports economic literature that estimate the value of college athletes, with an emphasized focus toward premium college football players. In addition to providing updated estimate of player marginal revenue product (MRP), we review past and contemporary methodologies for estimating college player MRPs. We contend that, while presenting some evidence that restrictions on player compensation resulted in the extraction of the majority of the value generated by top college athletes, existing methods leave considerable uncertainty over the magnitude of exploitation.
Awareness of Dementia Care Amongst the Staff Working at Day-care Centers and Nursing Homes in Macao
Authors: Wong Sio Mui , Zeng Wen , Lo Iek Long , Leong Iek Hou , Lou Hong Lei
Published: March 2024

Background

The staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes are in a key frontline for early detection of older people living with dementia, however, whether the staff were well prepared and if they were appropriately trained were still little known.

Method

A cross-sectional survey was conducted and the validated questionnaires exploring the awareness of dementia care, in terms of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice domain, were given to the staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes in Macao.

Results

272 samples were approached and scores of knowledge was 76.23 ± 19.62, attitude was 80.05 ± 8.92 and preventive practice was 75.59 ± 13.88, among which knowledge and preventive practice were positively related to attitude, and knowledge, attitude and preventive practice were negatively related to age. Health care assistants’ knowledge were less than social workers, managers, health professionals and clerk. Attitude of health care assistants were less positive than social workers and health professionals.

Discussion

Health care assistants and older staff had less knowledge and less positive attitude. Trainings to improve knowledge, attitude and preventive practice amongst health care assistants and older staff were recommended strongly.
Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Perceptions of Providing Services for the Acute Postpartum Population
Authors: Sidar Sarah S. , Skuthan Alysha
Published: March 2024

Occupational therapy practitioners’ (OTP’s) perceptions of their role in working on the acute postpartum hospital unit are unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the perspectives of OTP’s enrolled in a continuing education course to gain competency in providing services to acute postpartum patients. Investigators engaged in a phenomenology consisting of semi-structured interviews with six OTP’s working in acute care hospitals preparing to work on the postpartum unit. Three themes emerged from transcripts: (a) Its’ Not THAT Different; (b) Willing To Try; and (c) Shifting Focus To Mom. OTPs working in hospitals identified existing skills applicable to working with acute postpartum patients, a need for additional learning to enhance competence, and a desire to focus support for the birthing person to improve maternal outcomes. Hospital onboarding and/or entry-level OTP programs should consider including education on the postpartum population. Future research should focus on program implementation on acute postpartum hospital units.
The Wheel Is Already Invented: Planning for the Next Crisis
Authors: Snider Julianne
Published: March 2024

The development and implementation of pandemic response protocols for museum workers and visitors evolved over many months following the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as a major public health threat and crisis trigger. Initial response to the crisis in many museums was cessation of all activity and interaction with the public and with coworkers. Museum functions were suspended. Museums closed their doors to visitors and staff. Access to exhibits and collections was disrupted. Ensuring the safety of objects on display was difficult. The air we breathed, the objects we touched, the spaces we were in were all suspect as potential transmitters of the virus. As research was conducted on virus transmission, research results were incorporated into the development of reopening protocols for museums and museum collections allied with a university museum consortium. Case studies of the compilation, distribution, implementation, and reflection of pandemic response protocols within consortium member museums provide insight into including these crisis protocols for emergency response and collections management policies going forward.
Get on the Round Dial: Fighter Pilot Strategies for Recovering Situation Awareness After Disorienting Physiological Events
Authors: Militello Laura G. , Ernst Katie M. , Panganiban April Rose , Wagner Eli , Tolston Michael , Funke Gregory J.
Published: March 2024

Despite decades of research and training, adverse physiological events continue to present a significant risk to pilots. This paper describes a naturalistic study of fighter pilot experiences with disorienting physiological events such as gravity-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC), hypoxia, and spatial disorientation. We conducted a cognitive task analysis with 10 experienced fighter pilots to elicit incidents in which the pilot or another pilot in the flight experienced a physiological event, exploring how they recognized something was wrong, assessed the level of impairment, and regained situation awareness. We describe cognitive requirements, specific cues and strategies, as well as complexities associated with managing these disorienting physiological events. Implications for decision support design and training are discussed.
Augmenting Human Cognition With a Digital Submarine Periscope
Authors: Michailovs Stephanie , Irons Jessica , Howard Zach , Pond Stephen , Schmitt Megan , Stoker Matthew , Visser Troy , Bell Jason , Pinniger Gavin , Fitzgerald Madison , Huf Sam , Carter Owen , Loft Shayne
Published: March 2024

Advances in opto-electronics enable replacement of conventional submarine periscopes which display only a portion of the horizon (low field of view), with digital periscopes, which can potentially display a 360° panoramic digital representation of the horizon (high field of view). Digital periscopes can also provide digitized analysis tools for vessel (contact) range and course estimates. The current research compared the impact of a digital representation of a conventional periscope view with an alternative digital periscope prototype that displayed a larger (360°) field of view and provided digital analysis tools, on performance, perceived workload and system usability. Two experiments were conducted in a simulated submarine control room environment. In Experiment 1, the high field of view periscope yielded faster contact detection times, with no cost to the perceived workload or usability associated with the task of contact detection. In Experiment 2, the digitized analysis tools supported more accurate contact course and range estimates and lowered perceived workload, with no impact on perceived usability. These outcomes indicate that digitally augmenting the periscope is a technological innovation that can potentially facilitate submariner tasks, and highlight the benefits of applying knowledge from perceptual and cognitive science to the design of future digital periscope prototypes.
Player Experience of Minimalist Video Game Design: Case Study of Indie Horror Iron Lung
Authors: Fouché Mienke
Published: March 2024

Player experiences of minimalist video games are not well documented. This article addresses this gap by exploring players’ experiences of the minimalist horror video game Iron Lung. This game is identified as employing unique methods of gameplay toward affecting players. A case study design was framed using Caroux et al.’s player–video game interactions and Nealen et al.’s minimalist video game design characteristics and observed through affect theory to consider how bodies (video games) affect other bodies (players). A selection of player reviews was thematically analyzed, and three video streams were observed and analyzed. Results demonstrate that most players were affected as the developer intended using obfuscation, deliberately clumsy mechanics, and unique gameplay pacing. This article contributes to the field of minimalist design by filling the gap of player experiences of minimalist game design. This is useful to video game designers, minimalist designers, interactive experience designers, scenographers, or environmental design specialists.
Culturally Responsive Instructional Supervision: Challenging Privilege in U.S. Education Systems
Authors: Mette Ian M.
Published: March 2024

This case was written for practitioners and researchers to help educators engage in the important work of providing culturally responsive instructional supervision within the U.S. education system. Through the intersection of culturally responsive teaching and culturally responsive school leadership, formative feedback about instruction can focus on the role privileged sociocultural identities have on learning, teaching, as well as receiving and providing feedback about instructional practices. However, there are highly organized efforts in U.S. society to disrupt these efforts in education systems. Teachers, administrators, and faculty members in educational leadership preparation programs can use this case to examine how education is neither ahistorical nor apolitical, and the work yet to be accomplished to implement culturally responsive instructional practices within the schoolhouse.
Normative Running Kinematics in Healthy Adolescent Runners: A 2-Dimensional Video Analysis
Authors: Matsuzaki Yukiko , Heath Madison R. , Khan Julie , Spitzer Elad , Fabricant Peter D.
Published: March 2024

Background:

The literature on the running kinematics of youth distance runners is limited.

Purpose:

We sought to describe 2-dimensional (2D) video analysis of running kinematics in healthy adolescent distance runners, which has not been previously described.

Methods:

We conducted an observational study of healthy, competitive runners between the ages of 14 and 18 years, prospectively recruited through local running clubs and our hospital’s outreach between August 2019 and July 2023. Participants ran on a treadmill at a self-selected speed with markers attached to the thorax, pelvis, and lower extremities. A high-definition video camera recorded the runners in the sagittal and frontal planes. Kinematic measurements were completed using Dartfish software and reported as means and standard deviations.

Results:

Of the 53 participants (51% boys, mean age: 16.0 ± 1.4 years) included in the 2D running analysis, 91% ran with a rearfoot strike pattern, with a mean foot inclination angle of 10.2° ± 6.2°. Knee flexion angle at initial contact was 13.2° ± 3.8°, tibia inclination angle was 8.5° ± 3.2°, and peak knee flexion was 44.5° ± 3.6°. Cadence was 168.7° ± 8.6°. Contralateral pelvic drop was 6.0° ± 2.2° and peak rearfoot eversion was 11.8° ± 3.6°.

Conclusions:

This study is the first to describe running kinematics as captured by 2D video in healthy adolescent runners and to identify kinematic variables that may differ from those of adult runners. Further research is required to determine if adult recommendations are applicable to adolescent populations.
Reliability analysis of PVD-coated carbide tools during high-speed machining of Inconel 800
Authors: Das Monojit , Naikan V.N.A. , Panja Subhash Chandra
Published: March 2024

Predicting the cutting tool life is crucial for effectively managing machining costs, ensuring product quality, maintaining equipment availability and minimising waste in machining processes. When machining heat-resistant superalloys such as Inconel, the concern for tool life becomes even more pronounced. Cutting tool failure is a complex phenomenon that depends on several variables, including tool type and material, workpiece material, machine tool type and machining parameters. Traditional run-to-fail tests to predict tool life are costly and time-consuming. To address these challenges, accelerated degradation testing (ADT) offers a promising solution. ADT involves subjecting the component to higher levels of parameters, causing it to fail faster than under normal conditions. This approach saves time and reduces expenses associated with tool life tests for valuable workpieces. In implementing the concept of ADT, the experimental cutting speed [Formula: see text] values are selected much higher than the normal usage levels in the present study. The tool life tests are performed at three levels of [Formula: see text], feed rate [Formula: see text], depth of cut [Formula: see text] and tool nose radius [Formula: see text] using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Parametric statistical approaches, that is, accelerated failure time (AFT) models, are applied with distributions, namely the Weibull, lognormal and log-logistic distributions, to analyse the cutting tool’s reliability based on predictor variables. Various tool wear modes are considered criteria for tool failure. The comparison is made among the mean time to failure (MTTF) of cutting tools as predicted by various fitted models. Additionally, a favourable tool failure pattern is observed when using the middle level of [Formula: see text] and operating at relatively higher [Formula: see text] values while ensuring that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values fall within the recommended range. The proposed approach has the potential for diverse applications, including assessing the reliability of cutting tools and tool condition monitoring.
English-Language Media Coverage of the Two Olympics Under the Threat of the Pandemic
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Shaw Gareth
Published: March 2024

The paper aims to reveal how the two Olympic Games (the delayed Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in July 2021 and the Beijing Winter Olympics in January 2022) were reported, that is, if, how, and why sentiment expressed towards the two hosting countries differs, and the implications. We conducted a study of 108 articles from six English-language news media publications to uncover repeated patterns of representations that may lead readers to form a preferred reading and interpretation of the two nations through the lens of COVID-19 and the shared international experience of sporting competitions. To understand how their representations were formed and worked, we turned to Said's Orientalism and the related notion of “the Other.” We hope the study will contribute not only to a more nuanced understanding of the rising anti-Asian sentiment in the West, but also to the theorisation of the evolving notion of Orientalism, especially during the pandemic period.
Pandemic playthings: A multimodal perspective on toys and toy play in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Cowan Kate , van Leeuwen Theo , Selander Staffan
Published: March 2024

This article considers ways in which toys have featured in children’s play throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Whilst often dismissed as trivial novelties, toys can be seen as a significant aspect of material culture, both reflecting and constructing ideas of childhood. A multimodal social semiotic perspective is used to examine a selection of toys produced between 2020 and 2022 that respond to the pandemic in various ways. The toys feature representations of the virus, of accessories for enacting pandemic practices such as mask-wearing and vaccination, and of pandemic ‘heroes’. In addition to these commercially produced toys, examples of toy play collected by the Play Observatory project from 2020 to 2022 are also analysed. These real-world instances demonstrate toys and everyday objects being used to playfully make sense of, and communicate understandings of, the COVID-19 pandemic. In combination, the examples reveal discourses embedded in the multimodal design of ‘pandemic playthings’ and ways in which toy play demonstrated children’s agentive meaning-making, including awareness and understandings of the pandemic they may not have articulated verbally. In this way, toys and toy play are seen as deeply meaningful, revealing stories about children and childhood in the time of COVID-19.
Elective intensive care unit admissions for organ donation in patients with terminal brain glioma: Case report
Authors: Waller Shohei F , O’Brien Yvette , Seah Jo-An , McLachlan Sue-Anne , Dowling Anthony J
Published: March 2024

Despite being eligible, only 26 patients with primary brain cancer became organ donors from 2009 to 2018 in Australia. We describe two patients with high grade gliomas who successfully donated their organs after obtaining first-person consent in the outpatient setting by careful multidisciplinary planning and an elective intensive care unit admission for organ donation. Barriers and facilitators were examined based on these experiences and suggestions for future practices are explored. The recommended practices include: 1. Systematic incorporation of organ donation into advance care planning. 2. Integrating organ donation organisation coordinators into advance care planning. 3. Standardization of donor care and clear communication and collaboration between treatment teams. 4. Support and involvement of the medical treatment decision maker. 5. Identification of clinical triggers for admission to hospital and intensive care unit. These two cases illustrate that with careful coordination and involvement from a multidisciplinary team, successful organ transplantation outcomes are possible.
Case report of transient polymyalgia rheumatica after receiving the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Matsuzono Kosuke , Fujimoto Shigeru
Published: March 2024

Messenger ribonucleic acid-based vaccines that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have shown high effectiveness. While these Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccines have a favorable safety profile, there can be rare adverse drug reactions that should be understood. Here, we report the case of a 65-year old male who displayed polymyalgia rheumatica soon after receiving the first dose of the BNT162b2 messenger ribonucleic acid Coronavirus Disease vaccine. Symptoms such as high fever and severe general pain occurred 10 days after vaccination. After administering more than 30 mg/day prednisolone, those symptoms persisted and inflammation continued until 90 days after vaccination. However, those symptoms disappeared over time, following vaccination, and the patient finally achieved complete remission from polymyalgia rheumatica without any additional treatment.
Tibia vara caused by focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia: A rare case report
Authors: Chait Fatima , Bahlouli Nourrelhouda , Faraj Chaymae , Mrani Alaoui Nidal , Zouirech Yacine , El Alami Fellous Sidi Zouhair , El Madhi Tarik , Allali Nazik , El Haddad Siham , Chat Latifa
Published: March 2024

Focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia is an uncommon benign bone condition that predominantly affects children and typically leads to varus deformities in the proximal tibia. It was first described by Bell in 1985. The etiology remains unknown and the diagnosis is radiological; biopsy is not necessary. We present a case of a 2-year-old child who presented to our department for a right limb varus deformity caused by focal fibrocartilaginous dysplasia.
Is a portable pressure plate an alternative to force plates for measuring postural stability and interlimb coordination of quiet standing balance control?
Authors: Schröder Jonas , Hallemans Ann , Saeys Wim , Yperzeele Laetitia , Kwakkel Gert , Truijen Steven
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Center-of-pressure (COP) synchronization and symmetry can inform adaptations in balance control following one-sided sensorimotor impairments (e.g., stroke). As established force plates are impossible to transport, we aimed to criterion validate a portable pressure plate for obtaining reliable COP synchronization and symmetry measures, next to conventional postural stability measures.

Methods

Twenty healthy adults participated. In a single session, three 40-s eyes-open and eyes-closed quiet stance trials were performed per plate-type, randomly ordered. Individual-limb COPs were measured to calculate between-limb synchronization (BLS) and dynamic control asymmetry (DCA). Net COP (i.e., limbs combined) area, amplitude, and velocity were used to describe anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) postural stability. Criterion validity was evaluated using Spearman correlations (r) and Bland-Altman plots. Test-retest reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

Strong correlations (r > 0.75) and acceptable reliability (ICC > 0.80) were found regarding individual-limb COP velocity and DCA, net COP ML amplitude and AP and ML velocities. Bland-Altman plots yielded possible proportional bias; the pressure plate systematically underestimated COP scores by force plates and a larger error associated with a larger measurement.

Conclusions

Despite correlations between instruments and sufficient reliability for measuring postural stability and DCA, this technical note strongly suggests, due to a systematic deviation, using the same plate-type to accurately assess performance change within subjects longitudinally over time.
Embodying Deeply Held Values in Education: Seeking a More Equitable World for Both Humans and Non-Humans
Authors: Lin (林静) Jing , Mok Shue-kei Joanna , Gomes Virginia
Published: March 2024

Highlights

In this article, we contend that the bedrock of an equitable world lies in the profound recognition of love as the fundamental force permeating the cosmos. We believe that love is built into the essence of who we are. We posit that genuine progress toward an equitable world is elusive unless we place love, both for one another and for the natural world, at the core of our educational endeavors.
Retrospective Evaluation of LDL-C Levels Following First Treatment With Inclisiran as Part of Secondary Prevention ASCVD Risk Reduction in a Real-World Primary Care Setting
Authors: Deaney Carl N. , Donaldson Meredith P. , Reesby Danielle M. , Scott Victoria L. , Ellis Victoria , Cole Georgia E. , Daly Natalie M. C. , McKechnie Sophie C. , Daff Michelle , Knudsen Sarah L. , Hemingway-Deaney Charles H. , Nicholson Alena , Siauciuniene Laura , Azeez Azeem , Meskauskiene Agne
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. There is a direct relationship between increasing levels of LDL-C and increased risk of ASCVD. Guidance from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) recommends that high-risk ASCVD patients maintain an LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and very high-risk patients <1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL). National data in England reveals that 71% of high-risk secondary prevention patients have an LDL-C >1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL).

Methodology:

An ASCVD risk reduction approach was initiated in a primary care clinic in December 2021. Of those patients who underwent review between December 2021 and July 2023, 102 patients were started on inclisiran treatment in a real-world setting. These patients were retrospectively reviewed to determine the initial effects of using inclisiran after the first dose as part of the patients’ ASCVD risk reduction management.

Results:

After 1 injection of Inclisiran, the patients’ mean decrease in LDL-C was 2.00 mmol/L (77.3 mg/dL) after a mean of 87 days. This represented a mean reduction of 61.7% (SD = 19.8) in their LDL-C measurements. The addition of inclisiran resulted in 79.4% of patients achieving an LDL-C target of <1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) and 65.7% of patients attaining an LDL-C of <1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL).

Conclusion:

Healthcare providers working in primary care can achieve recommended LDL-C targets in 4 out of 5 secondary prevention patients after an initial dose of inclisiran as part of their ASCVD risk reduction approach management.
Explosive Behavior in COVID-19 and Policy Responses: Lessons Learned for Public Health Management
Authors: Gunduz Lokman , Aysan Ahmet Faruk , Bagci Rifgi Bugra , Karahan Hatice
Published: March 2024

Since the first case of COVID-19 in Turkey, there has been a lingering question as elsewhere in the world: “When will or should the government impose severe restrictions to protect public health?” From a public health perspective, there is value in developing a model to support proactive implementation of social policies. This study aimed to show the benefits of using a novel econometric test (the Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test) to detect explosive behavior (bubbles) in Turkey’s daily COVID-19 cases and deaths. Results from the analysis demonstrated a link between identified explosive episodes and critical public health decisions, especially in the case of daily new deaths. They also showed a negative relationship between the formation of exuberant behavior during the pandemic and the vaccination rate. Public health policymakers can incorporate this method into their arsenal to evaluate the overall health situation in combating the pandemic and respond accordingly. Furthermore, among the lessons learned from the Turkish experience is the importance of having a coronavirus scientific advisory board in the decision-making process and the ability to promptly implement policy measures.

JEL Codes: C22, C58, I10, I18
Get Ready to Buy With Me: The Effect of Social Presence Interaction and Social Commerce Intention on S-commerce Live Streaming
Authors: Tao Meng , Alam Faizan , Lahuerta-Otero Eva , Mengyuan Chen
Published: March 2024

The crisis caused by COVID-19 has forced many vendors to consider alternative marketing strategies, such as live streaming on social commerce platforms. Social commerce live streaming involves using live streamers to endorse and sell products on their own social media accounts. Statistics show that this format can serve as a survival tool for vendors in exceptional circumstances. However, it is also a valuable opportunity to bring innovation and engagement to traditional e-commerce vendors. Based on a sample of 621 Chinese consumers, this empirical research proposes that features of live streamers (expertise, attractiveness, and humor) play an essential role in social commerce intention. At the same time, virtual friendship, emotional engagement, and platform attachment are antecedents of online purchasing intentions. It also contends that social presence interaction has a moderating effect on live s-commerce and that these elements together constitute a comprehensive model of live s-commerce. Our findings reveal that virtual friendship, platform attachment, and emotional engagement with live streamers are crucial for increasing buying intentions, and they confirm the mediation effect of social commerce intention and the moderating effect of social presence interaction. The practical and theoretical implications are pointed out to assist brands, managers, retailers, and e-marketplaces in developing effective marketing plans.
Social Support Available to Commuter Couples in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Kumswa Sahmicit Kankemwa
Published: March 2024

Commuter couples are married couples who do not share the same residence due to work and career commitments. In this study, heterosexual married commuter couples were studied concerning their social support networks to include people or activities they rely on to share their burdens and day-to-day activities when their spouses are not with them. The article reports on what social support is available to commuter couples in Jos, Nigeria and how these couples make use of the identified support networks to secure work-life balance. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 17 commuter couples in Jos, Nigeria and is a part of a larger study. Results show that commuter couples studied identified emotional and instrumental social support that serves as a succour to their stressful work and daily lives. These include immediate close family members such as parents and siblings who understand their lifestyle as commuter couples and encourage and support them in various ways including child care, meal preparation and even moving in with them to ease the burden of taking on certain responsibilities alone; colleagues and kind bosses in the workplace who facilitate their visits home and give them the flexibility to cope with the home front; personal religious practices were also identified by couples to see them through tough days and difficult challenges.
People Copy Success More Than Failure in Social Learning
Authors: Meng Xianwei , Oishi Junichi , Onishi Minori , Sakaguchi Momoka , Yabushita Sota , Kanakogi Yasuhiro
Published: March 2024

Social learning is a fundamental mechanism for efficiently transferring and coordinating norms, skills, and sophisticated cultural information to individuals. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying social learning remain unclear. To investigate this, we recruited adult participants ( N = 103), who observed a model’s performance in a two-choice reward-searching task. Two cues were used to determine the reward, with both cues possessing an alternative signal that had a specific rule for finding the reward. Although the model succeeded with one cue but failed with another, both possessed equal information, which enabled the participants to find the reward. Participants were more likely to use the cue linked to the model’s success than the model’s failure when asked to solve the task by themselves. This “copy success” bias reflects the psychological process underlying social learning suggested by previous evolutionary theories and provides practical suggestions for efficient learning processes.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Marshallese in Northwest Arkansas (USA)
Authors: Purvis Rachel S , Moore Ramey , Rojo Martha O , Riklon Sheldon , Alik Eldon , Alik Derek , Maddison Benetick Kabua , McElfish Pearl A
Published: March 2024

Background:

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected Pacific Islander communities, with disparities in the prevalence of infection, serious illness, and death compared to non-Hispanic whites in the US. Marshallese Pacific Islanders face significant COVID-19 disparities.

Design and methods:

This exploratory study aimed to understand Marshallese community attitudes about the COVID-19 vaccine to identify and implement culturally relevant strategies to encourage vaccine uptake. Data were collected from 17 participants in three focus groups.

Results:

Using content analysis, researchers identified two global themes: (1) barriers to vaccination and (2) facilitators of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Within these themes, participants described fear, lack of knowledge about vaccines, negative perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine, health concerns, and transportation as barriers to vaccination. Participants described several factors influencing vaccine behavior, including location of and personnel at vaccine clinics, vaccine experiences, the need for trusted information, positive perceptions, cultural leaders, and mandates.

Conclusions:

The qualitative study makes a significant contribution as the first to report community perceptions and experiences related to the COVID-19 vaccine in Marshallese participants’ own words. Findings show that cultural influencers and brokers are crucial bridges for public health messaging related to COVID-19 vaccination targeted to this vulnerable and underserved population. Culturally appropriate and effective public health messaging can help achieve vaccine equity and improve COVID-19-related health disparities in the Marshallese community.
Contributions of the Abductor Muscles to Rotational and Distractive Stability of the Hip in a Biomechanical Cadaveric Model
Authors: Lim Daniel P. , Lazaro Lionel E. , Kyhos Justin F. , Chau Michael M. , Ladnier Karen J. , Nelson Trevor J. , Eberlein Samuel A. , Banffy Michael B. , Metzger Melodie F.
Published: March 2024

Background:

The gluteus minimus (GMin) and gluteus medius (GMed) are important dynamic stabilizers of the hip, but quantitative data on their biomechanical roles in stabilizing the hip are currently lacking.

Purpose:

To (1) establish a reproducible biomechanical cadaveric model of the hip abductor complex and (2) characterize the effects of loading the GMin and GMed on extraneous femoral rotation and distraction.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 10 hemipelvises were tested in 4 muscle loading states: (1) unloaded, (2) the GMin loaded, (3) the GMed loaded, and (4) both the GMin and GMed loaded. Muscle loads were applied via cables, pulleys, and weights attached to the tendons to replicate the anatomic lines of action. Specimens were tested under internal rotation; external rotation; and axial traction forces at 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of hip flexion.

Results:

When loaded together, the GMin and GMed reduced internal rotation motion at all hip flexion angles ( P < .05) except 60° and reduced external rotation motion at all hip flexion angles ( P < .05) except 0°. Likewise, when both the GMin and GMed were loaded, femoral distraction was decreased at all angles of hip flexion ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated that the GMin and GMed provide stability against rotational torques and distractive forces and that the amount of contribution depends on the degree of hip flexion.

Clinical Relevance:

Improved understanding of the roles of the GMin and GMed in preventing rotational and distractive instability of the hip will better guide treatment of hip pathologies and optimize nonoperative and operative therapies.
The Downstream Consequences of Race-Related Managerial Job Insecurity: Insights From College Basketball Coaching
Authors: Savage Scott V. , Seebruck Ryan , Rucker Sloan
Published: March 2024

We examine how in men’s college basketball coaching, race-related managerial job insecurity trickles down to negatively affect the careers of the subordinates who work for them. Using panel data from a randomly selected group of assistant basketball coaches working under the most prestigious and endowed governing body of collegiate sports in the United States—the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI)—we find that, in men’s college basketball coaching, subordinate White coaches are less likely to be involuntarily dismissed than their non-White, predominantly Black, counterparts because non-White subordinates disproportionately work for racially minoritized, predominantly Black, head coaches who themselves face greater job insecurity. We also find involuntary dismissal correlates with whether assistant coaches leave the ranks of NCAA DI men’s college basketball coaching and explains the significant interaction between race and a teams’ performance relative to their respective conferences. These findings illustrate how race-related managerial job insecurity trickles down to negatively affect the job opportunities of their subordinates and, because of homophily, perpetuates racial disadvantage.
Teacher Use of an Online Platform to Support Independent Practice in Middle School Mathematics During COVID-19 Disruptions
Authors: Witherspoon Eben B. , Pardo Max , Walters Kirk , Garrett Rachel , Hilbert Matthew , Ford Jennifer , Hsin Lisa B. , Rodgers Melissa A. , Garcia Piriz Dionisio , Burr Lauren , Thornley Leslie
Published: March 2024

Schools experienced unprecedented disruptions to instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic, largely driven by the abrupt transition to online learning in the spring of 2020. Often, this shift created a “black box” around remote learning and instruction. However, data generated by educational technology platforms can provide a window into instruction during this time. Here, we report on the amount and frequency of usage of an online platform for independent practice used by 58 grade 7 math teachers from seven school districts across multiple U.S. states between August 2019 and July 2021, providing insight into instruction just prior to and during COVID-19 disruptions. Results showed an increased proportion of teachers using the platform at least twice a week over the study period, from 22.2% to 44.1%. Further, platform usage was related to teachers’ level of experience and the amount of coach support received, suggesting areas for teacher support during remote instruction.
Birth Spacing and Working Mothers’ Within-Organization Career Paths
Authors: Carlson Lisa , Guzzo Karen Benjamin , Wu Hsueh-Sheng
Published: March 2024

The mechanisms behind mothers’ wage penalties remain unclear. In this article, the authors consider the role of birth spacing and changes in employers after a second birth. Using the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and competing risk event history models, the authors investigate how spacing between first and second births influences the likelihood of returning to a pre–second birth employer, changing employers, or remaining outside of the labor force within six months of the second birth. The authors find no differences in the influence of birth spacing on the likelihood of returning to an employer versus changing employers but that shorter birth spacings relate to lower likelihoods of returning to the labor market. There is some evidence that birth spacing and postbirth employment varies by age at first birth, marital status, and occupation. Overall, the results suggest that although birth spacing is relevant for returning postbirth to employment, job changes are unlikely to drive mothers’ wage penalties.
Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing Diversity Competence in a Medical Education Curriculum: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions Among Students and Teachers
Authors: Sorensen J , Primdahl NL , Norredam M , Krasnik A
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES

Medical education is under continuous pressure to introduce new curriculum content to ensure that physicians possess the competences that the population needs. Diversity competence (DC) is a relatively new area within medicine, challenging the existing curriculum. Frameworks and guidelines have been developed to provide support and assistance to educators in integrating DC into medical programs. However, integrating DC into curriculum has proven difficult and is therefore still not included in many European medical programs. The purpose of the study is therefore to identify the challenges and opportunities for implementing DC including a focus on migrant and ethnic minorities in a medical education program.

METHODS

From November 2-20, 2020, focus group discussions with medical students, junior physicians and course leaders were conducted. The participants were recruited via Facebook, newsletters, and emails. Two interview guides were developed and used as guidance for topics to be discussed. The focus group discussions were conducted partly physically and partly digitally. The interviews were transcribed and were analyzed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Three main challenges and opportunities were identified across the focus groups. Challenges: (i) a disparaging discourse about humanistic and social disciplines within the curriculum, (ii) limited levels of DC among teachers, and (iii) need for institutional support. Opportunities: (i) a clear interest in strengthening teachers’ DC levels, (ii) incentives for improving the image of humanistic and social medicine, and (iii) relevant courses for implementing DC.

CONCLUSION

Our results showed that action in this area is needed. The themes identified indicated that there are within the curriculum many opportunities to implement DC, but they also illuminated the challenges. The results suggested both a need for focusing on individual competences for medical teachers and students, and also for organizational change and support in favor of DC training.
Reflections on the Past Decade in Evidence-Based Practice Within the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Duffy Elizabeth A. , Hooke Mary C. , Landier Wendy
Published: March 2024

Background: The Children's Oncology Group (COG) is the only National Cancer Institute–supported clinical trials organization focused exclusively on childhood and adolescent cancer research. The COG Nursing Discipline Committee has embedded the tenets of evidence-based practice (EBP) into clinical trials nursing in order to standardize the nursing care delivered to children enrolled on these trials. The COG nursing EBP initiative is aimed at developing evidence-based clinical resources and tools to provide guidance to clinicians regarding topics relevant to the provision of cancer treatment for patients enrolled on COG clinical trials from diagnosis through survivorship. A rigorous, evidence-based process designed to guide development of the evidence-based clinical tools and resources within the COG nursing discipline was developed and was implemented with the first nurse expert team beginning in 2012. Method: The standardized process included (a) selecting EBP projects and nursing expert teams (NETs), (b) providing leadership, mentoring, and championship for NETs; (c) approving clinical content developed through the NETs; and (d) providing guidance and oversight over planned dissemination of the COG EBP projects. Results: The COG Nursing EBP Subcommittee has developed 15 publications to date that include 90 authors. Eleven of these authors contributed to multiple publications. Discussion: On this 10th anniversary of the development of the EBP within the COG nursing discipline, we recognize its contributions to the professional growth of many of the discipline's members and to advances in nursing care for children enrolled in pediatric cancer clinical trials.
Crystal structure of Pb-bearing watanabeite from Pefka, Greece
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Voudouris Panagiotis , Moëlo Yves , Sejkora Jiří , Dolníček Zdeněk , Musetti Silvia , Mauro Daniela
Published: March 2024

Watanabeite from the Pefka epithermal deposit, northeastern Greece, was examined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. The empirical formula of watanabeite is Cu3.93Fe0.10Ag0.01Pb0.23As1.55Sb0.19S4.99. This mineral is orthorhombic, space group Amm2, with unit-cell parameters a = 10.9601(5), b = 14.6498(8), c = 10.3001(5) Å, V = 1653.82(14) Å3 and Z = 8. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R1 = 0.0471 for 2108 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 123 refined parameters. The crystal structure of watanabeite can be described as a three-dimensional framework of Cu-centred tetrahedra; cavities of the tetrahedral scaffolding host Cu6S and As2(Pb,Sb,As)2S7 clusters. On the basis of structural data, the formula of watanabeite could be written as [III]Cu3[IV]Cu5As3(Pb,Sb,As)S10 (Z = 4), considering the three independent three-fold Cu sites and the three independent tetrahedrally coordinated Cu sites as aggregated positions. The occurrence of Pb2+ in watanabeite is probably related to the substitution Cu+ + (As,Sb)3+ = 2Me2+, where Me = Pb, Fe, Zn and formally divalent Cu. The relationships with tetrahedrite-group minerals are discussed on the basis of the refined structural model, highlighting possible crystal chemical implications of such relationships.
BRG1/BRM inhibitor targets AML stem cells and exerts superior preclinical efficacy combined with BET or menin inhibitor
Authors: Fiskus Warren , Piel Jessica , Collins Mike , Hentemann Murphy , Cuglievan Branko , Mill Christopher P. , Birdwell Christine E. , Das Kaberi , Davis John A. , Hou Hanxi , Jain Antrix , Malovannaya Anna , Kadia Tapan M. , Daver Naval , Sasaki Koji , Takahashi Koichi , Hammond Danielle , Reville Patrick K. , Wang Jian , Loghavi Sanam , Sen Rwik , Ruan Xinjia , Su Xiaoping , Flores Lauren B. , DiNardo Courtney D. , Bhalla Kapil N.
Published: March 2024

BRG1 (SMARCA4) and BRM (SMARCA2) are the mutually exclusive core ATPases of the chromatin remodeling BAF (BRG1/BRM-associated factor) complexes. They enable transcription factors/cofactors to access enhancers/promoter and modulate gene expressions responsible for cell growth and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem/progenitor cells. In AML with MLL1 rearrangement (MLL1r) or mutant NPM1 (mtNPM1), although menin inhibitor (MI) treatment induces clinical remissions, most patients either fail to respond or relapse, some harboring menin mutations. FHD-286 is an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of BRG1/BRM under clinical development in AML. Present studies show that FHD-286 induces differentiation and lethality in AML cells with MLL1r or mtNPM1, concomitantly causing perturbed chromatin accessibility and repression of c-Myc, PU.1, and CDK4/6. Cotreatment with FHD-286 and decitabine, BET inhibitor (BETi) or MI, or venetoclax synergistically induced in vitro lethality in AML cells with MLL1r or mtNPM1. In models of xenografts derived from patients with AML with MLL1r or mtNPM1, FHD-286 treatment reduced AML burden, improved survival, and attenuated AML-initiating potential of stem-progenitor cells. Compared with each drug, cotreatment with FHD-286 and BETi, MI, decitabine, or venetoclax significantly reduced AML burden and improved survival, without inducing significant toxicity. These findings highlight the FHD-286–based combinations as a promising therapy for AML with MLL1r or mtNPM1.