bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilayer Technique Using Calcium Hydroxylapatite Biostimulation With Different Dilutions in the Lateral Face
Authors: Hernandez Claudia , Viscomi Bianca , Faria Gladstone , Vasconcelos Rossana , Schneider Carolina , Moreno Jorge , Muniz Mariana
Published: December 2024

Background

There seems to be an interdependency of superficial structures on deeper layers, so that aging-related changes in 1 layer may lead to changes to the adjacent layers. Following the same rationale, treatment of 1 area may influence other neighboring aesthetic units. A more holistic approach would encompass soft-tissue repositioning and regenerative biostimulation, aiming for improvement of skin quality by increasing skin's collagen content.

Objectives

To describe the use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) in different presentations for soft-tissue repositioning and improvement of skin quality in the same session.

Methods

Males or females between 40 and 60 years of age, with normal BMI, mild facial laxity, underwent supraperiosteal injection of undiluted CaHA for focal biostimulation along the zygomatic arch, in the mandible angle and in the prejowl area, followed by treatment of diluted CaHA in the posterior temporal area, and the remainder in the premasseteric area in the same session, with follow-up pf at least 90 days. Investigator assessment was evaluated using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.

Results

Out of 6 treated patients (median age of 44.5 years), 66% were deemed as improved (Grade 3) for the treatment of upper third of the face, whereas 83% of the patients were assessed as having at least improved for the mid and lower thirds of the face. Only mild adverse events were reported.

Conclusions

The technique described in this pilot study provides a full-face approach with CaHA based on the current concepts of the line of ligaments and facial biomechanics. Further studies are needed to validate the results.

Level of Evidence: 4
Gemini and physical world: large language models can estimate the intensity of earthquake shaking from multimodal social media posts
Authors: Mousavi S Mostafa , Stogaitis Marc , Gadh Tajinder , Allen Richard M , Barski Alexei , Bosch Robert , Robertson Patrick , Cho Youngmin , Thiruverahan Nivetha , Raj Aman
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to extract scientifically valuable information about Earth's physical phenomena from unconventional sources, such as multimodal social media posts. Employing a state-of-the-art large language model (LLM), Gemini 1.5 Pro's, we estimate earthquake ground shaking intensity from these unstructured posts. The model's output, estimated intensity values, aligns well with independent observational data. Furthermore, our results suggest that LLMs, trained on vast internet data, may have developed a unique understanding of physical phenomena. Specifically, Google's Gemini models demonstrate a simplified understanding of the general relationship between earthquake magnitude, distance and intensity, accurately describing observational data even though it is not identical to established models. These findings raise intriguing questions about the extent to which Gemini's training has led to a broader understanding of the physical world and its phenomena. The ability of Generative AI models like Gemini to generate results consistent with established scientific knowledge highlights their potential to augment our understanding of complex physical phenomena like earthquakes. The flexible and effective approach proposed in this study holds immense potential for enriching our understanding of the impact of physical phenomena and improving resilience during natural disasters. This research is a significant step toward harnessing the power of social media and AI for natural disaster mitigation, opening new avenues for understanding the emerging capabilities of Generative AI and LLMs for scientific applications.
Simulated achievement rate of β-lactams/nacubactam treatment in humans using instantaneous MIC-based PK/PD analysis
Authors: Igarashi Yuki , Taguchi Kazuaki , Enoki Yuki , Chuang Victor Tuan Giam , Matsumoto Kazuaki
Published: December 2024

Background

Nacubactam (NAC), a new diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor, is being developed for use together with aztreonam (AZT) and cefepime (CFPM). However, the effective clinical dosages of AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC have not yet been established. We have previously shown that free time above instantaneous MIC (fT > MICi) is a valuable pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic parameter for β-lactam (BL)/NAC in a mouse thigh infection model.

Objectives

This study simulated the fT > MICi (%) for AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) with different MIC in humans to estimate the clinical efficacy at practically achievable combination doses of AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC.

Methods

Using previously reported PK parameters of each drug in humans and chequerboard MIC data, we calculated the fT > MICi (%) for AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC in 10 000 simulated patients to predict the percentages of target attainment of bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacies at various combined doses.

Results

The results predicted that both BL/NAC combinations could achieve 100% 2 log10-kill against CPE strains at the lowest combination dose (0.5 g/0.5 g q8h). Additionally, in MIC studies examining BLs/NAC at a 1:1 ratio, the dosage regimen for strains with MICcomb ≤ 1 mg/L was expected to offer 100% bactericidal efficacy (2 log10-kill) at 0.5 g/0.5 g q8h or higher doses. For strains with 1 mg/L < MICcomb ≤ 16 mg/L, BLs/NAC at a 2 g/2 g q8h was predicted to produce bactericidal efficacy (1 log10-kill). At MICcomb = 32 mg/L, some bacteriostatic effect was expected at high BL doses.

Conclusions

AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC are bactericidal against CPE at practically achievable dosages.
The role of evolving niche choice in herbivore adaptation to host plants
Authors: Nabutanyi Peter , Edison Alitha , Czuppon Peter , Xu Shuqing , Wittmann Meike
Published: December 2024

Individuals living in heterogeneous environments often choose microenvironments that provide benefits to their fitness. Theory predicts that such niche choice can promote rapid adaptation to novel environments and help maintain genetic diversity. An open question of large applied importance is how niche choice and niche choice evolution affect the evolution of insecticide resistance in phytophagous insects. We, therefore, developed an individual-based model based on phytophagous insects to examine the evolution of insecticide resistance and niche choice via oviposition preferences. To find biologically realistic parameter ranges, we performed an empirical literature survey on insecticide resistance in major agricultural pests and also conducted a density-dependent survival experiment using potato beetles. We find that, in comparison to a scenario where individuals randomly oviposit eggs on toxic or non-toxic plants, the evolution of niche choice generally leads to slower evolution of resistance and facilitates the coexistence of different phenotypes. Our simulations also reveal that recombination rate and dominance effects can influence the evolution of both niche choice and resistance. Thus, this study provides new insights into the effects of niche choice on resistance evolution and highlights the need for more studies on the genetic basis of resistance and choice.
A detailed analysis of the penile fibro-vascular assembly
Authors: Hsu Geng-Long , Chang Hong-Chiang , Molodysky Eugen , Hsu Chih-Yuan , Tsai Mang-Hung , Yin Jue-Hawn , Chen Ming-Tsun
Published: December 2024

Background

Although various compartments of the human cardiovascular system have been thoroughly elucidated, the penile fibrovascular assembly remains an exception that has yet to be fully explored; therefore, this gap in our understanding prompts us to conduct further investigations.

Aim

This study revisits the penile-fibro-vascular assembly to determine whether it constitutes an independent vascular compartment within the human body.

Methods

The penile-fibro-vascular assembly was meticulously examined in 23 male human cadavers. The loupe-assisted observation was used to compare the size of bilateral penile arteries, conspicuously addressed at the hilum, and to isolate erection-related vascular channels meticulously with a loupe, as extensively as possible. Additionally, a comprehensive library was analyzed, including 801 cadaveric images, 1001 sets of dual cavernosographies, 11 spongiosographies, 7 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT) cavernosographies, 61 Doppler’s sonographies, and 15 selective internal pudendal arteriographies. Hemodynamic phenomena were observed both intra-corporeally and extra-corporeally in patients who underwent penile venous stripping (n = 501), coil embolization (n = 6), and pudendal arterial stenting (n = 5).

Outcomes

This study confirms the existence of an independent penile fibro-vascular hydraulic environment within the human cardiovascular system.

Results

The human penis contains an independent bi-layered fibrovascular assembly. Anatomical symmetry of bilateral arteries is rare on the arterial side. On the venous drainage side, there is one deep dorsal vein (DDV), two cavernosal veins, and four para-arterial veins, contrary to the conventional understanding of only a single DDV between the tunica albuginea and Buck’s fascia. The penile venous drainage blood ultimately returns to pulmonary circulation.

Clinical implications

Penile vascular surgery, particularly penile venous stripping, is shown to be the most physiologically appropriate method for restoring erectile function; contrarily, erection-related arterial stents, or venous embolization do not offer similar benefits.

Strengths and limitations

This study’s strength lies in its extensive analysis of a large repository of anatomical, physiological, radiographic imaging, and clinical vascular data; however, its retrospective nature represents a limitation.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the penile fibro-vascular assembly functions as an independent vascular system, substantially making it the last vascular compartment to be disclosed in the human body.
Role and Status of Legal Participants
Authors: Ambos Kai
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the roles and status of legal participants. It mentions the lack of a determining system in force at an international court like the ICC, where elements from the adversarial and inquisitorial models are taken to create a unique procedural system. In line with other international criminal tribunals, the ICC’s Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) is a separate and independent organ within the structure of the Court. The chapter provides an overview of the position, composition, selection, rights, and legal ethics of judges, prosecutors, defense counsel, defendants, and victims. It also discusses the significance of the International Criminal Bar (ICB) and International Criminal Court Bar Association (ICCBA).
Concluding Remarks
Authors: Ambos Kai
Published: December 2024

This chapter concludes that fragmentation is perhaps the most striking feature in international criminal procedure. It explains that international criminal procedure is characterized by a series of procedural models and systems, ranging from predominantly ‘adversarial’ to ‘inquisitorial’ ones. A procedural model must be conceived just as a proposed general framework, allowing enough room for its operators to adjust the procedural rules to their daily procedural realities. The chapter then examines fairness and efficiency or expediency as guiding principles that complement each other for the sake of the suspect or accused. It discusses the expediency and fairness gains by the adversarial or inquisitorial mode.
Best Practices for Cell Painting Morphologic Profiling – Every Cell in Focus
Authors: Meyer Sophia R , Suzuki Mahomi , Jan Kevin , Hagimoto Mai , Sexton Jonathan Z
Published: December 2024

This study details best practices for high-content screening (HCS) using the cell painting (CP) technique to enhance drug discovery and biomedical research. HCS, an automated fluorescence microscopy method, offers a detailed analysis of cellular responses by capturing multidimensional data on cellular morphology, protein expression, localization, and function. The CP technique involves staining cells with specific fluorescent dyes and analyzing them with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. It is particularly effective in generating drug-specific phenotypic fingerprints or “phenoprints,” providing deeper insights into drug mechanisms. Strategies to enhance CP performance include using water immersion and high NA (numerical aperture) objective lenses, large sCMOS detectors, and confocal imaging with maximum intensity projection (MIP) imaging. These strategies are pivotal for producing high-quality images for accurate morphological analysis. This study addresses some of the challenges in standardizing image and data acquisition in CP and identifies optimal acquisition parameters using the Yokogawa CellVoyager CV8000. The results emphasize the critical role of optimizing the signal-to-background ratio in fluorescence imaging by adjusting laser power and camera exposure time. This optimization is essential for enhancing signal detection, reducing background noise and photobleaching, and improving image analysis and reproducibility from experiment to experiment. By refining data acquisition practices and utilizing sophisticated imaging technologies, one can achieve superior cellular feature data, leading to more precise and reliable analyses in drug discovery and disease modeling.
Simultaneous emission from dust and gas in the planetary debris orbiting a white dwarf
Authors: Rogers Laura K , Manser Christopher J , Bonsor Amy , Dennihy Erik , Hodgkin Simon , Kissler-Patig Markus , Lai Samuel , Melis Carl , Xu Siyi , Gentile Fusillo Nicola , Gänsicke Boris , Swan Andrew , Toloza Odette , Veras Dimitri
Published: December 2024

There is increasing evidence for the presence and variability of circumstellar dust and gas around white dwarfs that are polluted with exoplanetary material, although the origin of this dust and gas remains debated. This paper presents the first near-simultaneous observations of both circumstellar dust (via broad-band emission) and gas (via emission lines) around a polluted white dwarf. From the optical spectra the gaseous emission lines, notably the calcium infrared triplet and magnesium lines, show significant increases and decreases in their strength over time-scales of weeks, while the oxygen and iron lines remain relatively stable. Near-infrared JHK$_{\rm s}$ photometry reveals dust emission changes of up to 0.2 magnitudes in the K$_{\rm s}$ band over similar time-scales, marking the shortest variability time-scales observed to date. The two epochs with the strongest emission were correlated between the dust (K$_{\rm s}$-band brightening) and gas (strengthened calcium and magnesium lines), showing for the first time that the dust and gas must be produced near-simultaneously with a common origin, likely in collisions.
Rapid Sex Chromosome Turnover in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus) and the Origins of New Sex Chromosomes
Authors: Evans Ben J , Gvoždík Václav , Knytl Martin , Cauret Caroline M S , Herrel Anthony , Greenbaum Eli , Patel Jay , Premachandra Tharindu , Papenfuss Theodore J , Parente James , Horb Marko E , Measey John
Published: December 2024

Sex chromosomes of some closely related species are not homologous, and sex chromosome turnover is often attributed to mechanisms that involve linkage to or recombination arrest around sex-determining loci. We examined sex chromosome turnover and recombination landscapes in African clawed frogs (genus Xenopus) with reduced representation genome sequences from 929 individuals from 19 species. We recovered extensive variation in sex chromosomes, including at least eight nonhomologous sex-associated regions—five newly reported here, with most maintaining female heterogamety, but two independent origins of Y chromosomes. Seven of these regions are found in allopolyploid species in the subgenus Xenopus, and all of these reside in one of their two subgenomes, which highlights functional asymmetry between subgenomes. In three species with chromosome-scale genome assemblies (Xenopus borealis, Xenopus laevis, and Xenopus tropicalis), sex-specific recombination landscapes have similar patterns of sex differences in rates and locations of recombination. Across these Xenopus species, sex-associated regions are significantly nearer chromosome ends than expected by chance, even though this is where the ancestral recombination rate is highest in both sexes before the regions became sex associated. As well, expansions of sex-associated recombination arrest occurred multiple times. New information on sex linkage along with among-species variation in female specificity of the sex-determining gene dm-w argues against a “jumping gene” model, where dm-w moves around the genome. The diversity of sex chromosomes in Xenopus raises questions about the roles of natural and sexual selection, polyploidy, the recombination landscape, and neutral processes in driving sex chromosome turnover in animal groups with mostly heterogametic females.
Dampened TLR2–mediated Inflammatory Signaling in Bats
Authors: Zeng Jiaming , Zhang Xiangyi , Huang Chen , Tian Shilin , Zhao Huabin
Published: December 2024

Bats are considered natural hosts for numerous viruses. Their ability to carry viruses that cause severe diseases or even death in other mammals without falling ill themselves has attracted widespread research attention. Toll-like receptor 2 forms heterodimers with Toll-like receptor 1 or Toll-like receptor 6 on cell membranes, recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and playing a key role in innate immune responses. Previous studies have shown that moderate Toll-like receptor 2–mediated immune signals aid in pathogen clearance, while excessive or inappropriate Toll-like receptor 2–mediated immune signals can cause self-damage. In this study, we observed that TLR2, unlike TLR1 or TLR6, has undergone relaxed selection in bats compared with other mammals, indicating a reduced functional constraint on TLR2 specifically in bats. Indeed, our cell-based functional assays demonstrated that the ability of Toll-like receptor 2 to bind with Toll-like receptor 1 or Toll-like receptor 6 was significantly reduced in bats, leading to dampened inflammatory signaling. We identified mutations unique to bats that were responsible for this observation. Additionally, we found that mutations at residues 375 and 376 of Toll-like receptor 2 in the common ancestor of bats also resulted in reduced inflammatory response, suggesting that this reduction occurred early in bat evolution. Together, our study reveals that the Toll-like receptor 2–mediated inflammatory response has been specifically dampened in bats, which may be one of the reasons why they could harbor many viruses without falling ill.
In which the reader will be informed how Ameer Ali killed his first man
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

Nothing of any moment occurred during the rest of our march to Nagpoor, if I except the deaths of a few solitary travellers, who had fallen by the hands of a small portion of the band who had been sent to another road, which...
Wherein the reader will be informed how Ameer Ali passed the evening
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

Meanwhile a consultation was held as usual at my father’s tent, and the different parts were assigned to us. The office of Bhuttote fell to me, and the merchant was delivered to my hands. I now experienced none of the hesitation which had formerly...
Showing how justice is often summarily dispensed
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

When we returned to the cart, my first business was to soothe my poor Zora, whose screams, added to those of the old attendant, and the oaths, execrations, and shouts of the contending parties, had made a din which defies description. I found her...
Setting forth how Ameer Ali spends the ninth night of the Mohorum, and how he loses his mistress
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

Zenat’s exclamation drew us to the window. ‘Quick !’ she said; ‘look out, or you
will lose the sight; they are even now passing the Char Minar.’

We did look out, and the sight was indeed magnificent. A crowd of some hundreds of people were...
Chapter X
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

lear. No, no, no life;

 Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life,

 And thou no breath at all? O thou wilt come no more,

 Never, never, never, never!

King Lear, Act V, scene iii

‘I suppose you have long ere...
Ameer Ali starts on a new expedition: the adventures he meets with
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

Our meeting broke up, and I returned to prepare Azima for my departure. I had invented a tale to excuse my absence. I told her that the money which I had gained on my mercantile expedition to the Dukhun was now nearly expended; and...
In which it is clearly shown how hard it is to stop when the devil drives
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

We reached Jubbulpoor without another adventure of any kind, and rested there for two days. Peer Khan, Motee, and myself perambulated the bazars during the whole time, but not a traveller could we meet with, nor could we learn that any were expected; it...
Relates how, encouraged by his success, Cheetoo plans another expedition on a larger scale, and how Ameer Ali joined it
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

Bheer was sacked, and given up to rapine and excess for two whole days; and when we left it scarcely a rag remained to the miserable inhabitants. It was piteous to see them raking together a few posts of wood, many of them half...
Chapter XI
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

Now o’er one half the world
Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse
The curtained sleep. … Now withered murder
… thus with his stealthy pace,
Towards his design moves like a ghost.

Macbeth, Act II, scene ii

The old man returned my salutations...
Chapter XII
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

hor. What is the issue of the business there?

ham. It will be short, the interim is mine:

 And a man’s life’s no more than to say one.

Hamlet, Act V, scene ii

He returned after some time, bringing with him a small casket,...
Chapter XIII
Authors: Taylor Philip Meadows
Published: December 2024

cornwall. Pinion him like a thief; bring him before us:

 Though well we may not pass upon his life

 Without the form of justice, yet our power

 Shall do a courtesy to our wrath, which men

 May blame, but not control.

Lear, Act III,...
Two Friends
Authors: de Maupassant Guy
Published: December 2024

Paris was cut off. Paris was starving. Paris hung by a thread. Sparrows were
rare on the rooftops. The rat population in the sewers had thinned. People were eating
anything.*

One bright January morning, as he was strolling dejectedly along the outer Boulevard, with...
At Sea
Authors: de Maupassant Guy
Published: December 2024

The following report recently appeared in several newspapers:

Boulogne-sur-Mer, 22 January: From a correspondent. News of a horrific tragedy has shocked local fishermen here already severely demoralized by similar disasters over the last two years. A fishing-vessel, commanded by its owner, Captain Javel, attempting to...
A Vendetta
Authors: de Maupassant Guy
Published: December 2024

The widow of Paolo Saverini lived alone with her son in a tumbledown shack on
the ramparts of Bonifacio.* The town, built on a projecting spur of the mountain and jutting out in places above the sea, looks out towards the lower-lying...
Mother Savage
Authors: de Maupassant Guy
Published: December 2024

I

I had not been back to Virelogne for fifteen years. But one autumn, I returned for a spot
of shooting on the estate of my friend Serval, who had finally managed to rebuild his
chateau, which the Prussians had destroyed.

It was a part...
Chivalry of the Knights
Authors: Baden-Powell Robert , Boehmer Elleke
Published: December 2024

Hints to Instructors

One aim of the Boy Scouts scheme is to revive amongst us, if possible, some of the rules of the knights of old, which did so much for the moral tone of our race, just as the Bushido of the ancient Samurai...
Saving Life;
Authors: Baden-Powell Robert , Boehmer Elleke
Published: December 2024

CAMP FIRE YARN. — No. 23

Be Prepared for Accidents

 

Hints to Instructors

The subjects in this chapter should not only be explained to the scouts, but should also, wherever possible, be demonstrated...
The Misgovernment of Caroline England
Authors: Hyde Edward , Clarendon Earl of
Published: December 2024

The opening of the History is dated ‘Scilly. March 18, 1645’ (i.e. 1646). Hyde began this preface two weeks after he had arrived in the Scilly Isles with Prince Charles, and a few days after the final surrender of the royal army in...
The Five Members
Authors: Hyde Edward , Clarendon Earl of
Published: December 2024

Lord Digby, the son of one of Charles’s oldest advisers, the Earl of Bristol, and one of the reformers associated earlier with the Earl of Bedford, had been behind the studied moderation of the King’s new appointments. He was also closely involved in the King’s...
The Defeat of Essex and the Rise of Cromwell
Authors: Hyde Edward , Clarendon Earl of
Published: December 2024

Despite the news from the North, Charles maintained his plan to pursue Essex, who was advancing into Cornwall. He reached Exeter on 26 July, which the Queen, sick following the birth of her last child, had left a few weeks before to return to France...
Law and Polite Learning: The Education of a Lawyer
Authors: Hyde Edward , Clarendon Earl of
Published: December 2024

The first part of Clarendon’s Life, covering his early years up until his entry into the King’s service, was written at Montpelier, between 23 July 1668 (the date given at the beginning of this part of the manuscript) and 27 March 1669 (the...
Lawrence Saunders
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The history and martyrdom of Lawrence Saunders, burned for the defence of the gospel at Coventry. Anno 1555. February 8.

After that Queen Mary by public proclamation in the first year of her reign, had inhibited the sincere preaching of God’s holy word, as is...
John Hooper
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The Life and Martyrdom of Master John Hooper, Bishop of Worcester and Gloucester, burnt for the defence of the gospel at Gloucester. Anno 1555. February 9.

John Hooper student and graduate in the University of Oxford, after the study of other sciences, wherein he had...
Rowland Taylor
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The history of Doctor Rowland Taylor, which suffered for the truth of God’s word, under the tyranny of the Roman Bishop. 1555. the ninth day of February.

The town of Hadleigh* was one of the first that received the word of God in...
Thomas Tomkins
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The history of Thomas Tomkins, having first his hand burned, after was burned himself by Bishop Bonner, for the constant testimony of Christ’s true profession.

[When six alleged heretics were] brought and examined before Bishop Bonner, the eighth of February, … [all] received their condemnation...
Rawlins White
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The history of one Rawlins White, burned at Cardiff in Wales, about the month of March, for the testimony of Christ’s gospel, reported by John Dane being yet alive, who was almost continually with him during his trouble, unto his death.

This Rawlins was by...
Joan Waste
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The martyrdom of Joan Waste, a blind woman in the town of Derby.

The first day of August [1556] … suffered likewise at the town of Derby, a certain poor honest godly woman: being blind from her birth, and unmarried, about the age of twenty-two,...
William Dangerfield
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

A pitiful story concerning the unmerciful handling of William Dangerfield, and Joan his wife being in childbed, taken out of her house, with her sucking infant of fourteen days old, and laid in the common jail amongst thieves and murderers.

When I had written and...
Prest’s Wife
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The trouble and martyrdom of a godly poor woman which suffered at Exeter.

Although in such an innumerable company of godly martyrs, which in sundry quarters of this realm were put to torments of fire in Queen Mary’s time, it be hard so exactly to...
Judgement Tales
Authors: King John N.
Published: December 2024

The severe punishment of God upon the persecutors of his people and enemies to his word, with such also as have been blasphemers, contemners, and mockers of his religion.

Leaving now Queen Mary, being dead and gone, I come to them which under her were...
Other Considerations concerning innate Principles, both speculative and practical.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Had those, who would perswade us, that there are innate Principles, not taken them together in gross; but considered, separately, the parts, out of which those Propositions are made, they would not, perhaps, have been so forward to believe they were...
Of Ideas of one Sense.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. The better to conceive the Ideas, we receive from Sensation, it may not be amiss for us to consider them, in reference to the different ways, whereby they make their Approaches to our minds, and make themselves perceivable by...

Division of simple...
Of Retention.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. The next Faculty of the Mind, whereby it makes a farther Progress towards Knowledge, is that which I call Retention, or the keeping of those simple Ideas, which from Sensation or Reflection it hath received. This is...
Of simple Modes; and first, of the simple Modes of Space.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Though in the foregoing part, I have often mentioned simple Ideas, which are truly the Materials of all our Knowledge; yet having treated of them there, rather in the way that they come into the Mind, than as distinguished...
Of other Relations.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Besides the before-mentioned occasions of Time, Place, and Causality of comparing, or referring Things one to another, there are, as I have said, infinite others, some whereof I shall mention.

Proportional.

First, The first I shall name, is some one simple ...
Of the Names of Substances.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. The
common Names of Substances, as well as other general Terms, stand for Sorts: which is nothing else but the being made signs of such complex Ideas, wherein several particular Substances do, or might agree, by virtue...
Of the Imperfection of Words.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. From what has been said in the foregoing Chapters, it is easy to perceive, what imperfection there is in Language, and how the very nature of Words, makes it almost unavoidable, for many of them to be doubtful and...
Of Knowledge in General.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. Since
the Mind, in all its Thoughts and Reasonings, hath no other immediate Object but its own Ideas, which it alone does or can contemplate, it is evident, that our Knowledge is only conversant about them.

Our Knowledge conversant about our Ideas....

§...
Of the Degrees of our Knowledge.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. All our Knowledge consisting, as I have said, in the view the Mind has of its own Ideas, which is the utmost Light and greatest Certainty, we with our Faculties, and in our way of Knowledge are capable of,...
Of Probability.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. As Demonstration is the shewing the Agreement, or Disagreement of two Ideas, by the intervention of one or more Proofs, which have a constant, immutable, and visible connexion one with another: so Probability is nothing but the appearance of...
Of the Division of the Sciences.
Authors: Locke John
Published: December 2024

§ 1. All that can fall within the compass of Humane Understanding, being either, First, The Nature of Things, as they are in themselves, their Relations, and their manner of Operation: Or, Secondly, That which Man himself ought to...
In which is related the pleasant method Don Quixote took to be dubbed a knight.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

And now, being disturbed with this thought, he made an abrupt end of his short supper; which done, he called the landlord, and, shutting himself up with him in the stable, he fell upon his knees before him, and said:

‘I will never rise from...
Of the pleasant and grand scrutiny made by the priest and the barber in our ingenious gentleman’s library.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Whilst Don Quixote still slept on, the priest asked the niece for the keys of the chamber where the books were, those authors of the mischief, and she delivered them with a very good will. They all went in, and the housekeeper with them....
Of the second sally of our good knight Don Quixote de la Mancha.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

While they were thus employed, Don Quixote began to call out aloud, saying:

‘Here, here, valorous knights, here ye must exert the force of your valiant arms; for the courtiers begin to get the better of the tournament.’

This noise and outcry, to which they...
Of the sage discourse that passed between Sancho and his master, and the succeeding adventure of the dead body; with other famous occurrences.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

‘It is my opinion, master of mine, that all the disadventures which have befallen us of late, are doubtless in punishment of the sin committed by your worship against your own order of knighthood, in not performing the oath you took, not to...
Of the adventure (the like never before seen or heard of) achieved by the renowned Don Quixote de la Mancha, with less hazard, than ever any was achieved by the most famous knight in the world
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

‘It is impossible, Sir, but there must be some fountain or brook hereabouts, to water these herbs; and therefore we should go a little farther on; for we shall meet with something to quench this terrible thirst that afflicts us, and is doubtless...
Which treats of the high adventure and rich prize of Mambrino’s helmet with other things which befell our invincible knight.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

About this time it began to rain a little, and Sancho had a mind they should betake themselves to the fulling-mills. But Don Quixote had conceived such an abhorrence of them for the late jest, that he would by no means go in: and...
The conclusion of ‘The Novel of the Curious Impertinent’, with the dreadful battle betwixt Don Quixote and certain wine-skins.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

There remained but little more of the novel to be read, when from the room, where Don Quixote lay, Sancho Panza came running out all in a fright, crying aloud:

‘Run, sirs, quickly, and succour my master, who is over head and ears in the...
Wherein is continued the history of the famous Infanta Micomicona, with other pleasant adventures.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Sancho heard all this with no small grief of mind, seeing that the hope of his preferment was disappearing and vanishing into smoke; and that the fair princess Micomicona was turned into Dorothea, and the giant into Don Fernando, while his master lay in...
Wherein is related what befell Don Quixote, as he was going to visit his lady Dulcinea del Toboso.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

‘Praised be the mighty Allah!’ says Cid Hamet Ben Engeli, at the beginning of this eighth chapter: ‘praised be Allah!’ repeating it thrice, and saying, he gives these praises, to find that Don Quixote and Sancho had again taken the field, and that...
Wherein is set forth the last and highest point, at which the unheard-of courage of Don Quixote ever did, or could, arrive; with the happy conclusion of the adventure of the lions.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The history relates, that, when Don Quixote called out to Sancho to bring him his helmet, he was buying some curds of the shepherds; and, being hurried by the violent haste his master was in, he knew not what to do with them, nor...
Of what befell Don Quixote in the castle or house of the Knight of the Green Riding-coat with other extravagant matters.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote found that Don Diego’s house was spacious, after the country fashion, having the arms of the family carved in rough stone over the great gates; the buttery in the courtyard, the cellar under the porch, and several earthen wine jars placed round...
Giving an account of the wedding of Camacho the Rich, with the adventure of Basilius the Poor.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Scarce had the fair Aurora given bright Phoebus room, with the heat of his warm rays, to dry up the liquid pearls upon his golden hair, when Don Quixote, shaking off sloth from his drowsy members, got upon his feet, and called to his...
Of the wonderful things, which the unexampled Don Quixote de la Mancha declared he had seen in the deep cave of Montesinos, the greatness and impossibility of which make this adventure pass for apocryphal.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

It was about four of the clock in the afternoon, when the sun, hid among the clouds, with a faint light and temperate rays, gave Don Quixote an opportunity, without extraordinary heat or trouble, of relating to his two illustrious hearers, what he had...
In which are recounted a thousand impertinences necessary to the right understanding of this grand history.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The translator of this grand history from the original, written by its first author Cid Hamet Ben Engeli, says, that coming to the chapter of the adventure of the cave of Montesinos, he found in the margin these words of Hamet’s own handwriting:

‘I cannot...
Wherein is begun the braying adventure, with the pleasant one of the puppet-player, and the memorable divinations of the divining ape.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Don Quixote’s cake was dough, as the saying is, till he could hear and learn the wonders promised to be told him by the conductor of the arms; and therefore he went in quest of him where the innkeeper told him he was; and,...
Of the famous adventure of the enchanted bark.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

In two days, after leaving the poplar-grove, Don Quixote and Sancho, travelling as softly as foot could fall, came to the river Ebro, the sight of which gave Don Quixote great pleasure, while he saw and contemplated the verdure of its banks, the clearness...
Of the relishing conversation which passed between the duchess, her damsels, and Sancho Panza; worthy to be read and remarked.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The history then relates, that Sancho Panza did not sleep that afternoon, but, to keep his word, came with the meat in his mouth to see the duchess; who, being delighted to hear him talk, made him sit down by her on a low...
Wherein is related the strange and never-imagined adventure of the Afflicted Matron, alias the Countess of Trifaldi; with a letter written by Sancho Panza to his wife Teresa Panza.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The duke had a steward, of a very pleasant and facetious wit, who represented Merlin, and contrived the whole apparatus of the late adventure, composed the verses, and made a page act Dulcinea. And now, with the duke and duchess’s leave, he prepared another...
How the great Sancho Panza took possession of his island, and of the manner of his beginning to govern it.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

O thou perpetual discoverer of the antipodes, torch of the world, eye of heaven, sweet motive of wine-cooling bottles; here Thymbraeus, there Phoebus; here archer, there physician; father of poesy, inventor of music; thou who always risest, and, though thou seemest to do so,...
In which is declared who were the enchanters and executioners that whipped the duenna, and pinched and scratched Don Quixote; with the success of the page, who carried the letter to Teresa Panza, Sancho’s wife.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

Cid Hamet, the most punctual searcher after the very atoms of this true history, says, that when Doña Rodriguez went out of her chamber to go to Don Quixote’s, another duenna, who lay with her, perceived it; and, as all duennas have...
Of the toilsome end and conclusion of Sancho Panza’s government.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

To think, that in this life the things thereof will continue always in the same state, is a vain expectation: the whole seems rather to be going round, I mean in a circle. The spring is succeeded by the summer, the summer by the...
Of the newest and strangest adventure of all that befell Don Quixote in the whole course of this grand history.
Authors: Saavedra Miguel De Cervantes
Published: December 2024

The horsemen alighted, and, together with those on foot, taking Sancho and Don Quixote forcibly in their arms, carried them into the courtyard, round which near a hundred torches were placed in sockets, and above five hundred lights about the galleries of the court;...
Oroonoko,
Authors: Behn Aphra
Published: December 2024

The Royal Slave.

A TRUE HISTORY.

To The Right Honourable The Lord Maitland.*

My Lord, since the world is grown so nice and critical upon dedications, and will needs be judging the book by the wit of the patron, we ought with a great...
Song. The Surprise.
Authors: Behn Aphra
Published: December 2024

Set by Mr Farmer*
An Advertisement Touching the Controversies of the Church of England
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: December 2024

It is but ignorance if any man find it strange that the state of religion (especially in the days of peace) should be exercised° and troubled with controversies. For as it is the condition of the church militant° to be...
Religious Meditations [Selections]
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: December 2024

Of the Works of God and Man

‘God beheld all things which his hands had made, and lo they were all passing good.’° But when man turned him about, and took a view of the works which his hands had made, he...
The Charge against Somerset for poisoning Overbury
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: December 2024

It may please your Grace, my Lord High Steward of England, and you my Lords the Peers; you have here before you Robert Earl of Somerset, to be tried for his life, concerning the procuring and consenting to the impoisonment of Sir Thomas Overbury, then...
Letter to Lancelot Andrewes, Bishop of Winchester , 1622
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: December 2024

My Lord,

Amongst consolations, it is not the least to represent to a man’s self like examples of calamity in others.° For examples give a quicker° impression than arguments; and besides they certify us that which the Scripture also tendereth for...
The Essays or Counsels Civil and Moral (1625)
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: December 2024

Of Truth

‘What is Truth?’° said jesting° Pilate; and would not stay for an answer. Certainly there be that° delight in giddiness,° and count° it a bondage to fix a belief;° affecting...
New Atlantis
Authors: Vickers Brian
Published: December 2024

We sailed from Peru, (where we had continued° by the space of one whole year), for China and Japan, by the South Sea;° taking with us victuals for twelve months; and had good winds from the east,° though...
Prose Introduction
Authors: Rumi Jalal Al-Din
Published: December 2024

Here is the reason for the postponement of this second volume: if all divine wisdom should be made known to the slave at once, the benefits in it would leave him unable to act, and the infinite wisdom of God would obliterate his comprehension. He...
The Masnavi
Authors: Rumi Jalal Al-Din
Published: December 2024

Rumi’s Masnavi is widely recognized as the greatest Sufi poem ever written, and has been called ‘the Koran in Persian’. The thirteenth-century Muslim mystic Rumi composed his work for the benefit of his disciples in the Sufi order named after him, better known as the whirling dervishes. In order to convey his message of divine love and unity he threaded together entertaining stories and penetrating homilies. Drawing from folk tales as well as sacred history, Rumi’s poem is often funny as well as spiritually profound.

Jawid Mojaddedi’s sparkling new verse translation of Book One is consistent with the aims of the original work in presenting Rumi’s most mature mystical teachings in simple and attractive rhyming couplets.
How Many Kinds of Republics There Are, and What Kind the Roman Republic Was
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

I wish to set aside an examination of those cities that had their beginnings while subject to others, and I shall speak of those cities that had their beginnings far removed from any kind of external servitude and were immediately governed by their own will...
The Founders of a Republic or a Kingdom Deserve As Much Praise As Those Who Found a Tyranny Deserve Blame
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

Among all men who are praised, the most highly praised are those who have been leaders and founders of religions. Close afterwards come those who have founded either republics or kingdoms. After them the most celebrated men are those who, placed at the head of...
How Important It Is to Take Account of Religion, and How Italy, Lacking in Religion Thanks to the Roman Church, Has Been Ruined
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

Those princes or republics that wish to maintain their integrity must, above all else, maintain the integrity of their religious ceremonies, and must always hold them in veneration, because there can be no greater indication of the ruin of a state than to see a...
The Romans Interpreted the Auspices According to Necessity, and They Prudently Made a Show of Observing Religion Even When They Were Forced Not to Observe It; and If Anyone Dared to Disparage It, They Punished Him
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

As was discussed above, the auguries were not only in large part the foundation of the ancient religion of the pagans, but they were also the cause of the well-being of the Roman republic. For this reason, the Romans had greater concern for them than...
How a Free Government Can Be Maintained in Corrupt Cities If One Already Exists, or, If One Does Not Already Exist, How to Establish It
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

I do not consider it out of place or in conflict with the commentary above to consider whether or not it is possible to maintain a free government in a corrupt city if one already exists; or whether or not, if one does not already...
A New Prince, in a City or Province He Has Seized, Must Create Everything Anew
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

Anyone who becomes a prince either of a city or a state, especially when his foundations are weak and he does not wish to give either a republican or a monarchical form to civil life, will find that the best remedy he possesses for holding...
Why Roman Commanders Were Never Excessively Punished for Errors They Committed, Nor Were They Ever Punished When Their Ignorance or Poor Decisions Resulted in Harm to the Republic
Authors: Machiavelli Niccolò
Published: December 2024

The Romans, as we explained above, were not only less ungrateful than other republics but also more compassionate and respectful in the punishments of their army commanders than any other republic. Even if a commander’s error was committed out of malice, they punished him humanely,...