bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joshua McCarter Simpson's Songs and Mid-Nineteenth Century Antislavery Activism
Authors: Chybowski Julia
Published: June 2024

The Ohio-based Black songwriter, Joshua Simpson, published two books of antislavery songs in the mid-nineteenth century, Original Anti-Slavery Songs in 1852 and Emancipation Car in 1854. Unlike most other known songsters, which were compilations of poetry from several authors, Simpson authored original lyrics for borrowed melodies, and he did so with extraordinary care, engaging the original song to enhance his activist messages. Employing the rhetorical practice of signification, his linkage of new lyrics with preexisting songs sometimes builds upon meaning from the original text, reusing it to add weight to the moral and political arguments against slavery. He also extends nature imagery and lyrics about the comforts of home and family in traditional ballads and contemporary sentimental songs to his new lyrics, but more often his signifying practice is ironic. He inverts the original song's sentimentality in deliberately discomforting ways that could persuade Americans to assist self-emancipating people and work toward wholescale abolition of slavery. Simpson's most radical songs talk back irreverently to the originals, especially minstrel tunes containing degrading caricatures and proslavery propaganda as well as patriotic anthems proclaiming hypocritical platitudes. Simpson did not simply write new songs; he transformed some of the most popular and beloved songs of his era, harnessing their renown to sharpen his activist messages.
Effects of Solar Variability on Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Nayak Chinmaya , Bulusu Jayashree , Vichare Geeta , Dimri A. P.
Published: June 2024

The current study explores the relationship between solar variability and tropical cyclone (TC) activity using sunspot number (SSN) and TC best‐track data as respective proxies. We have considered six regions of the globe, for example, EP: Eastern Pacific, NA: North Atlantic, NI: North Indian, SI: South Indian, SP: South Pacific, and WP: Western Pacific. The results show strong anti‐correlation between yearly TC activity and yearly SSN while considering their 11‐year moving averages. This behavior is consistent for TC counts as well as accumulated cyclone energy. However, this is true only for the North Atlantic region. Overall, when we consider all regions together, more TCs (in terms of counts) are observed during lower solar activity periods (SSN < 50) as compared to higher solar activity conditions (SSN > 100). However, the yearly rates remain more or less similar. On the other hand, extreme TC events with a maximum wind speed of 137 knots and higher (category 5) are most likely to occur during the declining phase of a solar cycle and least likely to occur during the ascending phase or the maximum phase. Although solar activity levels are similar during the declining and ascending phases, the yearly occurrence rate is nearly double in the declining phase (1.123) as compared to that in the ascending phase (0.625).
Bridging 20 Years of Soil Organic Matter Frameworks: Empirical Support, Model Representation, and Next Steps
Authors: Rocci Katherine S. , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Ernakovich Jessica , Foster Erika , Frey Serita , Georgiou Katerina , Grandy A. Stuart , Malhotra Avni , Reich Peter B. , Schlerman Else P. , Wieder William R.
Published: June 2024

In the past few decades, there has been an evolution in our understanding of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics from one of inherent biochemical recalcitrance to one deriving from plant‐microbe‐mineral interactions. This shift in understanding has been driven, in part, by influential conceptual frameworks which put forth hypotheses about SOM dynamics. Here, we summarize several focal conceptual frameworks and derive from them six controls related to SOM formation, (de)stabilization, and loss. These include: (a) physical inaccessibility; (b) organo‐mineral and ‐metal stabilization; (c) biodegradability of plant inputs; (d) abiotic environmental factors; (e) biochemical reactivity and diversity; and (f) microbial physiology and morphology. We then review the empirical evidence for these controls, their model representation, and outstanding knowledge gaps. We find relatively strong empirical support and model representation of abiotic environmental factors but disparities between data and models for biochemical reactivity and diversity, organo‐mineral and ‐metal stabilization, and biodegradability of plant inputs, particularly with respect to SOM destabilization for the latter two controls. More empirical research on physical inaccessibility and microbial physiology and morphology is needed to deepen our understanding of these critical SOM controls and improve their model representation. The SOM controls are highly interactive and also present some inconsistencies which may be reconciled by considering methodological limitations or temporal and spatial variation. Future conceptual frameworks must simultaneously refine our understanding of these six SOM controls at various spatial and temporal scales and within a hierarchical structure, while incorporating emerging insights. This will advance our ability to accurately predict SOM dynamics.
Free-standing microscale photonic lantern spatial mode (De-)multiplexer fabricated using 3D nanoprinting
Authors: Dana Yoav , Garcia Yehudit , Kukin Aleksei , Dallachiesa Lauren , Guerrier Sterenn , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Marom Dan M.
Published: June 2024

Photonic lantern (PL) spatial multiplexers show great promise for a range of applications, such as future high-capacity mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical communication networks and free-space optical communication. They enable efficient conversion between multiple single-mode (SM) sources and a multimode (MM) waveguide of the same dimension. PL multiplexers operate by facilitating adiabatic transitions between the SM arrayed space and the single MM space. However, current fabrication methods are forcing the size of these devices to multi-millimeters, making integration with micro-scale photonic systems quite challenging. The advent of 3D micro and nano printing techniques enables the fabrication of freestanding photonic structures with a high refractive index contrast (photopolymer-air). In this work we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a 6-mode mixing, 375 µm long PL that enables the conversion between six single-mode inputs and a single six-mode waveguide. The PL was designed using a genetic algorithm based inverse design approach and fabricated directly on a 7-core fiber using a commercial two-photon polymerization-based 3D printer and a photopolymer. Although the waveguides exhibit high index contrast, low insertion loss (−2.6 dB), polarization dependent (−0.2 dB) and mode dependent loss (−4.4 dB) were measured.
Analysis of human neuronal cells carrying ASTN2 deletion associated with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Hayashi Yu , Okumura Hiroki , Arioka Yuko , Kushima Itaru , Mori Daisuke , Lo Tzuyao , Otgonbayar Gantsooj , Kato Hidekazu , Nawa Yoshihiro , Kimura Hiroki , Aleksic Branko , Ozaki Norio
Published: June 2024

Recent genetic studies have found common genomic risk variants among psychiatric disorders, strongly suggesting the overlaps in their molecular and cellular mechanism. Our research group identified the variant in ASTN2 as one of the candidate risk factors across these psychiatric disorders by whole-genome copy number variation analysis. However, the alterations in the human neuronal cells resulting from ASTN2 variants identified in patients remain unknown. To address this, we used patient-derived and genome-edited iPS cells with ASTN2 deletion; cells were further differentiated into neuronal cells. A comprehensive gene expression analysis using genome-edited iPS cells with variants on both alleles revealed that the expression level of ZNF558, a gene specifically expressed in human forebrain neural progenitor cells, was greatly reduced in ASTN2-deleted neuronal cells. Furthermore, the expression of the mitophagy-related gene SPATA18, which is repressed by ZNF558, and mitophagy activity were increased in ASTN2-deleted neuronal cells. These phenotypes were also detected in neuronal cells differentiated from patient-derived iPS cells with heterozygous ASTN2 deletion. Our results suggest that ASTN2 deletion is related to the common pathogenic mechanism of psychiatric disorders by regulating mitophagy via ZNF558.
Identifying patients with undiagnosed small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours in primary care using statistical and machine learning: model development and validation study
Authors: Clift Ash Kieran , Mahon Hadley , Khan Ghazanfar , Boardman-Pretty Freya , Worker Amanda , Marchini Elena , Buendia Orlando , Fish Peter , Khan Mohid S.
Published: June 2024

Background

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are increasing in incidence, often diagnosed at advanced stages, and individuals may experience years of diagnostic delay, particularly when arising from the small intestine (SI). Clinical prediction models could present novel opportunities for case finding in primary care.

Methods

An open cohort of adults (18+ years) contributing data to the Optimum Patient Care Research Database between 1st Jan 2000 and 30th March 2023 was identified. This database collects de-identified data from general practices in the UK. Model development approaches comprised logistic regression, penalised regression, and XGBoost. Performance (discrimination and calibration) was assessed using internal-external cross-validation. Decision analysis curves compared clinical utility.

Results

Of 11.7 million individuals, 382 had recorded SI NET diagnoses (0.003%). The XGBoost model had the highest AUC (0.869, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.841–0.898) but was mildly miscalibrated (slope 1.165, 95% CI: 1.088–1.243; calibration-in-the-large 0.010, 95% CI: −0.164 to 0.185). Clinical utility was similar across all models.

Discussion

Multivariable prediction models may have clinical utility in identifying individuals with undiagnosed SI NETs using information in their primary care records. Further evaluation including external validation and health economics modelling may identify cost-effective strategies for case finding for this uncommon tumour.
Nurturing gut health: role of m6A RNA methylation in upholding the intestinal barrier
Authors: Wang Shuaijie , Yang Yuzhong , Jiang Xiaohan , Zheng Xiang , Wei Qiufang , Dai Wenbin , Zhang Xuemei
Published: June 2024

The intestinal lumen acts as a critical interface connecting the external environment with the body’s internal state. It’s essential to prevent the passage of harmful antigens and bacteria while facilitating nutrient and water absorption. The intestinal barriers encompass microbial, mechanical, immunological, and chemical elements, working together to maintain intestinal balance. Numerous studies have associated m6A modification with intestinal homeostasis. This review comprehensively outlines potential mechanisms through which m6A modification could initiate, exacerbate, or sustain barrier damage from an intestinal perspective. The pivotal role of m6A modification in preserving intestinal equilibrium provides new insights, guiding the exploration of m6A modification as a target for optimizing preventive and therapeutic strategies for intestinal homeostasis.
Risk factors for secondary thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer: a propensity‑matched SEER analysis
Authors: Diao Yizhuo , Wang Ruiqi , Cui Jiaxue , Jin Chenxin , Chen Yongxing , Li Xiaofeng
Published: June 2024

With the rapid development of imaging technology and comprehensive treatment in modern medicine, the early diagnosis rate of breast cancer is constantly improving, and the prognosis is also improving; As breast cancer patients survive longer, the risk of developing second primary cancers increases. Since both breast and thyroid are Hormone receptor sensitive organs, which are regulated by hypothalamus pituitary target gland endocrine axis, changes in body endocrine status may lead to the occurrence of these two diseases in succession or simultaneously. This study extracted clinical data and survival outcomes of breast cancer patients registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2019. After matching the case and controls with propensity scores, the selected patients were randomly split into training and test datasets at a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate COX proportional regression analysis is used to determine independent risk factors for secondary thyroid cancer and construct a column chart prediction model. Age, ethnicity, whether radiotherapy, tumor primary location, N stage, M stage were identified by Cox regression as independent factors affecting secondary thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer patients, and a risk factor nomogram was established to predict patients’ 3 and 5 year survival probabilities. The AUC values for 3 and 5 years in the training set were 0.713, 0.707, and the c-index was 0.693 (95% CI 0.67144, 0.71456), and the AUC values for 3 and 5 years in the validation set were 0.681, 0.681, and the c-index was 0.673 (95% CI 0.64164, 0.70436), respectively.
Prognosis of ischemic stroke patients with both aortic atheroma and cardioembolic sources
Authors: Jung Jae Wook , Baik Minyoul , Jeong JaeWook , Lee Il Hyung , Kim Kwang Hyun , Yun Jaeseob , Shim Chi Young , Hong Geu-Ru , Kim Young Dae , Heo Ji Hoe , Nam Hyo Suk
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between complex aortic plaque (CAP) and short-term as well as long-term outcomes following cardioembolic stroke. CAP is a known risk factor for occurrence and recurrence of ischemic stroke. However, the association of CAP on cardioembolic stroke remains unclear. This was retrospective study using prospective cohort of consecutive patients with cardioembolic stroke who underwent transesophageal echocardiography. The functional outcome was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months, and long-term outcomes were assessed by recurrence of ischemic stroke and occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Among 759 patients with cardioembolic stroke, 91 (12.0%) had CAP. Early ischemic stroke recurrence within 3 months was associated with CAP (p = 0.025), whereas CAP was not associated with functional outcome at 3 months (odd ratio  1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]  0.57–1.84, p = 0.973). During a median follow-up of 3.02 years, CAP was significantly associated with ischemic stroke recurrence (hazard ratio = 2.68, 95% CI 1.48–4.88, p = 0.001) and MACE occurrence (hazard ratio = 1.61, 95% CI 1.03–2.51, p = 0.039). In conclusion, CAP was associated with early ischemic stroke recurrence and poor long-term outcomes in patients with cardioembolic stroke. It might be helpful to consider transesophageal echocardiography for patients with cardioembolic stroke to identify CAP.
Trifluridine/tipiracil with and without ramucirumab for advanced gastric cancer: a comparative observational study
Authors: Narita Yukiya , Ogata Takatsugu , Ishizuka Yasunobu , Sakakida Tomoki , Wakabayashi Munehiro , Kodama Hiroyuki , Honda Kazunori , Masuishi Toshiki , Taniguchi Hiroya , Kadowaki Shigenori , Ando Masashi , Tajika Masahiro , Muro Kei
Published: June 2024

The combination of trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride (FTD/TPI) plus ramucirumab has demonstrated clinical activity in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of this combination compared with those of FTD/TPI monotherapy in patients with AGC. We retrospectively reviewed data of patients with AGC who received FTD/TPI plus ramucirumab or FTD/TPI monotherapy as third- or later-line treatment. This study included 36 patients treated with FTD/TPI plus ramucirumab and 70 patients receiving FTD/TPI monotherapy. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 25.8% and 58.1%, respectively, in the FTD/TPI plus ramucirumab group and 5.0% and 38.3%, respectively, in the FTD/TPI group (ORR, P = 0.007; DCR, P = 0.081). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in the FTD/TPI plus ramucirumab group (median PFS, 2.9 vs. 1.8 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.52; P = 0.001). A numerical survival benefit was also observed (median overall survival, 7.9 months vs. 5.0 months; HR: 0.68, P = 0.089). In the multivariate analysis, PFS was significantly longer in the FTD/TPI plus ramucirumab group than in the FTD/TPI monotherapy group (HR: 0.61, P = 0.030). The incidence of febrile neutropenia was higher in the FTD/TPI plus ramucirumab group than in the FTD/TPI group (13.8% vs. 2.9%); however, no new safety signals were identified. Compared with FTD/TPI monotherapy, FTD/TPI plus ramucirumab offers clinical benefits with acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients with AGC. Further investigation via randomized trials is warranted to confirm these findings.
Fine-tuning digital FIR filters with gray wolf optimization for peak performance
Authors: R Anand , Samiappan Sathishkumar , Prabukumar M.
Published: June 2024

The design of optimum filters constitutes a fundamental aspect within the realm of signal processing applications. The process entails the calculation of ideal coefficients for a filter in order to get a passband with a flat response and an unlimited level of attenuation in the stopband. The objective of this work is to solve the FIR filter design problem and to compare the optimal solutions obtained from evolutionary algorithms. The design of optimal FIR low pass (LP), high pass (HP), and band stop (BS) filters is achieved by the utilization of nature-inspired optimization approaches, namely gray wolf optimization ,cuckoo search, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithm. The filters are evaluated in terms of their stop band attenuation, pass band ripples, and departure from the anticipated response. In addition, this study compares the optimization strategies applied in the context of algorithm execution time which is achievement of global optimal outcomes for the design of digital finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The results indicate that when the Gray wolf algorithm is applied to the development of a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, it produces a higher level of performance than other approaches, as supported by enhanced design precision, decreased execution time, and achievement of an optimal solution.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Haemophilus influenzae infections in pediatric patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ai Ling , Fang Liang , Liu Beizhong , Zhou Chanjuan , Gong Fang
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the infection landscape for many pathogens. This retrospective study aimed to compare Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) infections in pediatric CAP patients hospitalized before (2018–2019) and during (2020–2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed the clinical epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of H. influenzae from a tertiary hospital in southwest China. A total of 986 pediatric CAP patients with H. influenzae-associated infections were included. Compared to 2018, the positivity rate increased in 2019 but dropped significantly in 2020. Although it rose in the following 2 years, the rate in 2022 remained significantly lower than in 2019. Patients’ age during the pandemic was significantly higher than in 2018 and 2019, while gender composition remained similar across both periods. Notably, there were significant changes in co-infections with several respiratory pathogens during the pandemic. Resistance rates of H. influenzae isolates to antibiotics varied, with the highest resistance observed for ampicillin (85.9%) and the lowest for cefotaxime (0.0%). Resistance profiles to various antibiotics underwent dramatic changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor, cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and the proportion of multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates significantly decreased. Additionally, MDR isolates, alongside isolates resistant to specific drugs, were notably prevalent in ampicillin-resistant and β-lactamase-positive isolates. The number of pediatric CAP patients, H. influenzae infections, and isolates resistant to certain antibiotics exhibited seasonal patterns, peaking in the winter of 2018 and 2019. During the COVID-19 pandemic, sharp decreases were observed in February 2020, and there was no resurgence in December 2022. These findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the infection spectrum of H. influenzae in pediatric CAP patients, as evidenced by shifts in positivity rate, demographic characteristics, respiratory co-infections, AMR patterns, and seasonal trends.
Assessment of retinal and choroidal microvasculature in night shift medical workers by OCT angiography
Authors: Liang Congbi , Xu Yishuang , Xia Qinyun , Xiao Di , Gu Jingsai , Zhu Xiangxiang , Chen Changzheng , Chen Zhen , Hua Dihao
Published: June 2024

This study evaluated retinal and choroidal microvascular changes in night shift medical workers and its correlation with melatonin level. Night shift medical workers (group A, 25 workers) and non-night shift workers (group B, 25 workers) were recruited. The images of macula and optic nerve head were obtained by swept-source OCT-angiography. Vessel density of retina, choriocapillaris (CC), choriocapillaris flow deficit (CC FD), choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured. 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration was analyzed from the morning urine. CC FD and CVI were significantly decreased and CT was significantly increased in group A (all P < 0.05). 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration was significantly lower in group A (P < 0.05), which was significantly positively correlated with CC FD size (r = 0.318, P = 0.024) and CVI of the most regions (maximum r-value was 0.482, P < 0.001), and was significantly negatively associated with CT of all regions (maximum r-value was − 0.477, P < 0.001). In night shift medical workers, the reduction of melatonin was significantly correlated with CT thickening, CVI reduction and CC FD reduction, which suggested that they might have a higher risk of eye diseases. CC FD could be a sensitive and accurate indicator to reflect CC perfusion.
Harnessing Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of plant diversity
Authors: Jain Ekta , Rose Michelle , Jayapal Praveen Kumar , Singh Gajendra P. , Ram Rajeev J.
Published: June 2024

Here, we explore the application of Raman spectroscopy for the assessment of plant biodiversity. Raman spectra from 11 vascular plant species commonly found in forest ecosystems, specifically angiosperms (both monocots and eudicots) and pteridophytes (ferns), were acquired in vivo and in situ using a Raman leaf-clip. We achieved an overall accuracy of 91% for correct classification of a species within a plant group and identified lignin Raman spectral features as a useful discriminator for classification. The results demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy in contributing to plant biodiversity assessment.
Identifying risk factors and mortality rate of premature coronary artery disease in young Saudi population
Authors: Al-Khlaiwi Thamir , Habib Syed Shahid , Bayoumy Nervana , Al-Khliwi Huthayfah , Meo Sultan Ayoub
Published: June 2024

Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It occurs due to a combination of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) is a neglected clinical entity despite the rising number of cases worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of premature coronary artery disease. In this study, we searched articles that had studied the risk factors of premature coronary artery diseases from January 2000 to July 2022 in Saudi Arabia in Web of Science, Pub Med, Scopus, Springer, and Wiley databases. The final analysis is based on seven articles. The smoking prevalence was 39%, diabetes mellitus 41%, hypertension 33%, overweight and obesity 18%, family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) 19%, dyslipidemia 37%, and the prevalence range of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 33.8–55.0%. The results revealed a mortality prevalence of 4% ranging from 2 to 8% which is similar to the prevalence in older patients which was 2–10%. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of CAD, dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity are significantly and positively associated with premature coronary artery diseases. The health authorities should design and implement an intensive and effective prophylactic plan to minimize the subsequent impact of PCAD on the young population. In addition, early diagnosis of PCAD has great value in providing timely treatment, managing the patients, and minimizing the burden of the disease.
Proton-driven sodium secretion in a saline water animal
Authors: Patrick Marjorie L. , Donini Andrew , Zogby Andrew , Morales Christopher , O’Donnell Michael J. , Gill Sarjeet S.
Published: June 2024

Aquatic animals residing in saline habitats either allow extracellular sodium concentration to conform to environmental values or regulate sodium to lower levels. The latter strategy requires an energy-driven process to move sodium against a large concentration gradient to eliminate excess sodium that diffuses into the animal. Previous studies of invertebrate and vertebrate species indicate a sodium pump, Na+/K+ ATPase, powers sodium secretion. We provide the first functional evidence of a saline-water animal, Aedes taeniorhynchus mosquito larva, utilizing a proton pump to power this process. Vacuolar-type H+ ATPase (VHA) protein is highly expressed on the apical membrane of the posterior rectal cells, and in situ sodium flux across this epithelium increases significantly in larvae held in higher salinity and is sensitive to Bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of VHA. We also report the first evidence of splice variants of the sodium/proton exchanger, NHE3, with both high and low molecular weight variants highly expressed on the apical membrane of the posterior rectal cells. Evidence of NHE3 function was indicated with in situ sodium transport significantly inhibited by a NHE3 antagonist, S3226. We propose that the outward proton pumping by VHA establishes a favourable electromotive gradient to drive sodium secretion via NHE3 thus producing a hyperosmotic, sodium-rich urine. This H+- driven Na+ secretion process is the primary mechanism of ion regulation in salt-tolerant culicine mosquito species and was first investigated over 80 years ago.
TSWIFT, a novel method for iterative staining of embedded and mounted human brain sections
Authors: Porter Corey M. , Tabler Sarah , Choi Sooin , Truttmann Matthias C.
Published: June 2024

Comprehensive characterization of protein networks in mounted brain tissue represents a major challenge in brain and neurodegenerative disease research. In this study, we develop a simple staining method, called TSWIFT, to iteratively stain pre-mounted formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) brain sections, thus enabling high-dimensional sample phenotyping. We show that TSWIFT conserves tissue architecture and allows for relabeling a single mounted FFPE sample more than 10 times, even after prolonged storage at 4 °C. Our results establish TSWIFT as an efficient method to obtain integrated high-dimensional knowledge of cellular proteomes by analyzing mounted FFPE human brain tissue.
STEAP2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via increased copper levels and stress-activated MAP kinase activity
Authors: Torrez Carla Zeballos , Easley Acarizia , Bouamar Hakim , Zheng Guixi , Gu Xiang , Yang Junhua , Chiu Yu-Chiao , Chen Yidong , Halff Glenn A. , Cigarroa Francisco G. , Sun Lu-Zhe
Published: June 2024

Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 2 (STEAP2) belongs to a family of metalloreductases, which indirectly aid in uptake of iron and copper ions. Its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be characterized. Here, we report that STEAP2 expression was upregulated in HCC tumors compared with paired adjacent non-tumor tissues by RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. Public HCC datasets demonstrated upregulated STEAP2 expression in HCC and positive association with tumor grade. Transient and stable knockdown (KD) of STEAP2 in HCC cell lines abrogated their malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, while STEAP2 overexpression showed opposite effects. STEAP2 KD in HCC cells led to significant alteration of genes associated with extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion/chemotaxis, negative enrichment of an invasiveness signature gene set, and inhibition of cell migration/invasion. STEAP2 KD reduced intracellular copper levels and activation of stress-activated MAP kinases including p38 and JNK. Treatment with copper rescued the reduced HCC cell migration due to STEAP2 KD and activated p38 and JNK. Furthermore, treatment with p38 or JNK inhibitors significantly inhibited copper-mediated cell migration. Thus, STEAP2 plays a malignant-promoting role in HCC cells by driving migration/invasion via increased copper levels and MAP kinase activities. Our study uncovered a novel molecular mechanism contributing to HCC malignancy and a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
The properties of absorbable scaffold harvested with human amniotic fluid stem cells on rat model: an innovation for pelvic reconstruction surgery
Authors: Lo Tsia-Shu , Chen Yi-Pin , Harun Fazlin , Shaw Steven W. , Lin Yi-Hao
Published: June 2024

The current practice of restoring the anatomical structure in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction includes implantation of synthetic sling, which carries potential complications. This study aimed to develop biological substitutes to improve tissue function using scaffolds as a support to the host cells, through formation of new tissue. Human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) were seeded on synthetic mesh-scaffold of AlloDerm Regenerative Tissue Matrix (RTM), Poly-DL-lactico-glycolic acid (PLGA) mesh (VICRYL) and Polydioxanone (PDS) meshes. In vitro study evaluates the metabolic activity of hAFSCs seeded mesh-scaffolds. In vivo study involving Sprague–Dawley rats was performed by assigning into 7 groups of sham control with fascia operation, AlloDerm implant, PDS implant, PLGA implant, AlloDerm harvest with hAFSC (AlloDerm-SC), PDS harvest with hAFSC(PDS-SC) and PLGS harvest with hAFSC (PGLA-SC). In vitro study reveals cell viability and proliferation of hAFSC on mesh scaffolds varies between meshes, with AlloDerm growing the fastest. The biomechanical properties of tissue-mesh-complex tension strength declined over time, showing highest tension strength on week-1, deteriorated similar to control group on week-12. All hAFSC-seeded mesh provides higher tension strength, compared to without. This study shed the potential of synthetic mesh as a scaffold for hAFSC for the surgical treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction.
Mobile-based mindfulness meditation intervention’s impact on mental health among young male judo athletes in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Lee Ye Hoon , Chiu Weisheng , Hwang Juhee , Noh Sihyeon
Published: June 2024

Young athletes commonly encounter various mental health challenges due to the distinct pressures inherent in sports environments. This study investigates the effectiveness of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in alleviating mental health indicators of depression, perceived stress, and anxiety, and enhancing self-esteem and resilience among young male judo athletes in South Korea. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were completed by 53 judo athletes. Participants were then allocated to the intervention group (N = 27; Mage = 13.77 [SD = 1.11]), which used a mobile meditation software program, or the control group (N = 27; Mage = 13.56 [SD = 1.05]). Data analysis compared intervention and control group scores using multiple statistical methods, including independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests, and 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated measures analysis of variance. Following the intervention, the mindfulness group exhibited significant enhancements in the mental health indicators of depression (GMD = 2.74 [95% CI 0.90–4.56], Cohen’s D = 0.84), perceived stress (GMD = 0.35 [95% CI 0.002–0.70], Cohen’s D = 0.56), and anxiety (GMD = 0.2 [95% CI 0.001–0.40, Cohen’s D = 0.56]. Self-esteem also had a significant increase (GMD = 0.55 [95% CI − 0.22 to − 0.88], Cohen’s D = 0.95). The findings of this study underscore the potential benefits of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in addressing mental health challenges among young male judo athletes. The significant enhancements observed in scores on measures of depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and self-esteem among participants in the mindfulness group highlight the effectiveness of such interventions in promoting mental health in sports settings.
Molecular landscape and multi-omic measurements of heterogeneity in fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Sun Li , Guo Wei , Guo Lei , Chen Xiaoxi , Zhou Haitao , Yan Shi , Zhao Gang , Bao Hua , Wu Xue , Shao Yang , Ying Jianming , Lin Lin
Published: June 2024

Fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung (FLAC) is a rare form of lung adenocarcinoma and was divided into high-grade (H-FLAC) and low-grade (L-FLAC) subtypes. Despite the existence of some small case series studies, a comprehensive multi-omics study of FLAC has yet to be undertaken. In this study, we depicted the multi-omics landscapes of this rare lung cancer type by performing multi-regional sampling on 20 FLAC cases. A comparison of multi-omics profiles revealed significant differences between H-FLAC and L-FLAC in a multi-omic landscape. Two subtypes also showed distinct relationships between multi-layer intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). We discovered that a lower genetic ITH was significantly associated with worse recurrence-free survival and overall survival in FLAC patients, whereas higher methylation ITH in H-FLAC patients suggested a short survival. Our findings highlight the complex interplay between genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity in FLAC and suggest that different types of ITH may have distinct implications for patient prognosis.
PD1 ligand functionality a biomarker of response to anti PD1 treatment in patients with HNSCC
Authors: Kaufman Bar , Taha Tarek , Abramov Orli , Zohar Yaniv , Mhameed Kamel , Cohen Ofir , Porgador Angel , Elkabets Moshe , Billan Salem
Published: June 2024

Therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have transformed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treatment. However, predicting the response to anti-PD-1 therapy remains a clinical challenge. This study evaluated the functional binding of PD-1 ligands in 29 HNSCC patients and compared it to the standard PD-L1 Combined Positive Score (CPS). The assessment of PD-1 ligands’ functionality advances the current ability to predict the response of HNSCC patients to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Egr2 drives the differentiation of Ly6Chi monocytes into fibrosis-promoting macrophages in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in mice
Authors: Iwata Ayaka , Maruyama Juri , Natsuki Shibata , Nishiyama Akira , Tamura Tomohiko , Tanaka Minoru , Shichino Shigeyuki , Seki Takao , Komai Toshihiko , Okamura Tomohisa , Fujio Keishi , Tanaka Masato , Asano Kenichi
Published: June 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), previously called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a growing concern worldwide, with liver fibrosis being a critical determinant of its prognosis. Monocyte-derived macrophages have been implicated in MASH-associated liver fibrosis, yet their precise roles and the underlying differentiation mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we unveil a key orchestrator of this process: long chain saturated fatty acid-Egr2 pathway. Our findings identify the transcription factor Egr2 as the driving force behind monocyte differentiation into hepatic lipid-associated macrophages (hLAMs) within MASH liver. Notably, Egr2-deficiency reroutes monocyte differentiation towards a macrophage subset resembling resident Kupffer cells, hampering hLAM formation. This shift has a profound impact, suppressing the transition from benign steatosis to liver fibrosis, demonstrating the critical pro-fibrotic role played by hLAMs in MASH pathogenesis. Long-chain saturated fatty acids that accumulate in MASH liver emerge as potent inducers of Egr2 expression in macrophages, a process counteracted by unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, oral oleic acid administration effectively reduces hLAMs in MASH mice. In conclusion, our work not only elucidates the intricate interplay between saturated fatty acids, Egr2, and monocyte-derived macrophages but also highlights the therapeutic promise of targeting the saturated fatty acid-Egr2 axis in monocytes for MASH management.
An anion exchange membrane sensor detects EGFR and its activity state in plasma CD63 extracellular vesicles from patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Maniya Nalin H. , Kumar Sonu , Franklin Jeffrey L. , Higginbotham James N. , Scott Andrew M. , Gan Hui K. , Coffey Robert J. , Senapati Satyajyoti , Chang Hsueh-Chia
Published: June 2024

We present a quantitative sandwich immunoassay for CD63 Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and a constituent surface cargo, EGFR and its activity state, that provides a sensitive, selective, fluorophore-free and rapid alternative to current EV-based diagnostic methods. Our sensing design utilizes a charge-gating strategy, with a hydrophilic anion exchange membrane functionalized with capture antibodies and a charged silica nanoparticle reporter functionalized with detection antibodies. With sensitivity and robustness enhancement by the ion-depletion action of the membrane, this hydrophilic design with charged reporters minimizes interference from dispersed proteins, thus enabling direct plasma analysis without the need for EV isolation or sensor blocking. With a LOD of 30 EVs/μL and a high relative sensitivity of 0.01% for targeted proteomic subfractions, our assay enables accurate quantification of the EV marker, CD63, with colocalized EGFR by an operator/sample insensitive universal normalized calibration. We analysed untreated clinical samples of Glioblastoma to demonstrate this new platform. Notably, we target both total and “active” EGFR on EVs; with a monoclonal antibody mAb806 that recognizes a normally hidden epitope on overexpressed or mutant variant III EGFR. Analysis of samples yielded an area-under-the-curve (AUC) value of 0.99 and a low p-value of 0.000033, surpassing the performance of existing assays and markers.
Assessing flood risks in the Taquari-Antas Basin (Southeast Brazil) during the September 2023 extreme rainfall surge
Authors: Mantovani José , Alcântara Enner , Pampuch Luana A. , Praga Baião Cheila Flávia , Park Edward , Souza Custódio Maria , Gozzo Luiz Felippe , Bortolozo Cassiano Antonio
Published: June 2024

This analysis delves into precipitation dynamics in the Bacia Taquari Antas region, with a focus on September 2023. Employing a multi-scale approach encompassing monthly, daily, and subdaily analyses, the study unveils a consistent precipitation distribution throughout the year. September 2023’s anomaly, the second-highest in the dataset, prompts investigation into potential climatic variability. Notably, the daily analysis highlights September 4th, 2023, as significant, emphasizing the importance of historical context in evaluating weather event severity. Subdaily scrutiny of September 4th reveals intense, localized precipitation, raising concerns about hydrological impacts such as flash floods. Positive trends in Rx5day (maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation amount) and R25 (number of days in a year when precipitation exceeds 25 mm) indices indicate an increase in heavy precipitation events, aligning with broader climate change concerns. Shifting focus to flood extent and impact assessment in the Taquari-Antas Basin, a simulation model depicts the temporal evolution of the flood, reaching its peak on September 4th. Examination of affected areas, rainfall volumes, and impacts on census sectors, cities, and buildings furnishes critical data for disaster management. This study contributes to localized precipitation comprehension and broader issues of climate trends, flood risk evaluation, and urban vulnerability, providing a basis for informed decision-making and resilient planning strategies.
Scientific integrity and U.S. “Billion Dollar Disasters”
Authors: Pielke Roger
Published: June 2024

For more than two decades, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has published a count of weather-related disasters in the United States that it estimates have exceeded one billion dollars (inflation adjusted) in each calendar year starting in 1980. The dataset is widely cited and applied in research, assessment and invoked to justify policy in federal agencies, Congress and by the U.S. President. This paper performs an evaluation of the dataset under criteria of procedure and substance defined under NOAA’s Information Quality and Scientific Integrity policies. The evaluation finds that the “billion dollar disaster” dataset falls short of meeting these criteria. Thus, public claims promoted by NOAA associated with the dataset and its significance are flawed and at times misleading. Specifically, NOAA incorrectly claims that for some types of extreme weather, the dataset demonstrates detection and attribution of changes on climate timescales. Similarly flawed are NOAA’s claims that increasing annual counts of billion dollar disasters are in part a consequence of human caused climate change. NOAA’s claims to have achieved detection and attribution are not supported by any scientific analysis that it has performed. Given the importance and influence of the dataset in science and policy, NOAA should act quickly to address this scientific integrity shortfall.
miR-7 controls glutamatergic transmission and neuronal connectivity in a Cdr1as-dependent manner
Authors: Cerda-Jara Cledi A , Kim Seung Joon , Thomas Gwendolin , Farsi Zohreh , Zolotarov Grygoriy , Dube Giuliana , Deter Aylina , Bahry Ella , Georgii Elisabeth , Woehler Andrew , Piwecka Monika , Rajewsky Nikolaus
Published: June 2024

The circular RNA (circRNA) Cdr1as is conserved across mammals and highly expressed in neurons, where it directly interacts with microRNA miR-7. However, the biological function of this interaction is unknown. Here, using primary cortical murine neurons, we demonstrate that stimulating neurons by sustained depolarization rapidly induces two-fold transcriptional upregulation of Cdr1as and strong post-transcriptional stabilization of miR-7. Cdr1as loss causes doubling of glutamate release from stimulated synapses and increased frequency and duration of local neuronal bursts. Moreover, the periodicity of neuronal networks increases, and synchronicity is impaired. Strikingly, these effects are reverted by sustained expression of miR-7, which also clears Cdr1as molecules from neuronal projections. Consistently, without Cdr1as, transcriptomic changes caused by miR-7 overexpression are stronger (including miR-7-targets downregulation) and enriched in secretion/synaptic plasticity pathways. Altogether, our results suggest that in cortical neurons Cdr1as buffers miR-7 activity to control glutamatergic excitatory transmission and neuronal connectivity important for long-lasting synaptic adaptations.
Lo-Fi Photography
Authors: Beaver John
Published: June 2024

Of all the arts, photography has perhaps the closest association with science and technology: the physics of light and colour combined with chemistry to capture images. Lo-Fi Photography is an ideal introduction to the science that lies behind photography and the array of simple methods that can be used to capture light and create images. From making homemade cameras to accessible techniques, the goal of this book is to provide all readers with access to this interesting form of creative photography via how-to guides, plans and some tips and tricks. In addition to the theory and hands-on guidance, this book also explores Lo-Fi photography as a distinct art form and provides further reading and excellent sources for diving even deeper into the world of experimental photography. Lo-Fi Photography is both a superb introduction to anyone curious about the science of photography and a first-rate guide to the world of experiemental photography for inquisitive photographers.
Expanding analytical horizons: 3D HPLC calibration surfaces for micromole scale self-optimizing flow reactors
Authors: Vallet Maëva , Cortés-Borda Daniel , Felpin François-Xavier
Published: June 2024

A 3D calibration surface for evaluating reaction performance by HPLC analysis in micromole scale self-optimizing flow systems was developed.
Observation of anodic electrochemiluminescence from silicon quantum dots for the detection of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Wang Jing , Ying Yunfan , Zhang Yuyao , Ding Hao , Li Yu , Zhang Jingjing , Jiang Dechen
Published: June 2024

Silicon QDs with stable positively charged intermediates are prepared using chemical etching to generate strong anodic electrochemiluminescence for the detection of hydrogen peroxide.
Reduction of (pddi)Cr reveals redox noninnocence via C–C bond formation amidst competing electrophilicity: [(cpta)CrMen]− (n = 0, 1) and [(pta)Cr]−
Authors: D'Arpino Alexander A. , Wolczanski Peter T. , MacMillan Samantha N. , Cundari Thomas R. , Krumov Mihail R.
Published: June 2024

Reversible cyclopropane formation is examined in a chromium diamide–diimine chelate complex via reduction. Sites of electrophilicity incur similar and divergent chemistry; structural, electrochemical, and calculational studies afford their rationale.
Elimination of homogeneous broadening in 1H solid-state NMR
Authors: Perras Frédéric A.
Published: June 2024

1H homogeneous NMR linewidths can be measured using a Hahn echo experiment and used to enhance the resolution of the spectra via deconvolution. Resolution is approximately doubled, equating to an effective twofold increase in spinning frequency.
A highly stable cerium–organic framework: an efficient catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 and aziridines under mild-pressure
Authors: Liu Tong-Ji , Xu Hang , Shi Ying , Zhao Bin
Published: June 2024

A highly stable Ce-MOF can serve as efficient and recyclable catalyst for the conversion of CO2 with aziridines under mild pressure, which is a rare Ln-MOF-based catalyst for this reaction and exhibits excellent substrate universality.
Line group approach for quantum chemical study of intrinsic helical twist of ultrathin tellurium nanorods
Authors: Porsev Vitaly V. , Bandura Andrei V. , Evarestov Robert A.
Published: June 2024

The internal helical twist of ultrathin tellurium nanorods is explained using line symmetry groups theory. Continuous changes in the topology of the helical bands lead to qualitative changes in the band gap during torsion.
Three new AIE-cored luminescent Cd-based MOFs with high quantum yields and selective detection of ions in aqueous media
Authors: Chen Wei-Min , Zhang Yi , Xue Zhen-Dong , Zhu Hao-Yu , Gao Qiang , Chen Li-Zhuang , Wang Fang-Ming
Published: June 2024

Three novel AIE-cored Cd-LMOFs are prepared with high IQYs and can be used in phosphors materials and fluorescent chemical sensors. Moreover, LMOF-3 is the first reported LMOF material for detecting Na+ with a detection limit of 1.90 × 10−5 M.
A machine learning approach for dynamical modelling of Al distributions in zeolites via23Na/27Al solid-state NMR
Authors: Lei Chen , Bornes Carlos , Bengtsson Oscar , Erlebach Andreas , Slater Ben , Grajciar Lukas , Heard Christopher J.
Published: June 2024

A machine-learning approach for simulating Na/Al solid-state NMR spectra in zeolites was developed. Improved sampling provided insight into Al distributions and highlighted the importance of dynamical effects.
Reversible hydrosilane addition to pyridines enabled by low-coordinate Ca(ii) and Yb(ii) hydrides
Authors: Selikhov Alexander N. , Bogachev Mikhail A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Zhigulin Grigory Yu. , Ketkov Sergey Yu. , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: June 2024

Low-coordinate dimeric Ca(ii) and Yb(ii) hydrides {[tBu2CarbAr2]MH(THF)}2 and {[tBu2CarbAr2]MH(η6-C7H8)}2 efficiently catalyze PhSiH3 addition to pyridines at ambient T. At 90° C the same complex catalyzes the reverse reaction.