bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State-wide random seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 past infection in a southern US State, 2020
Authors: Cardenas Victor M. , Kennedy Joshua L. , Williams Mark , Nembhard Wendy N. , Zohoori Namvar , Du Ruofei , Jin Jing , Boothe Danielle , Fischbach Lori A. , Kirkpatrick Catherine , Modi Zeel , Caid Katherine , Owens Shana , Forrest J. Craig , James Laura , Boehme Karl W. , Olgaard Ericka , Gardner Stephanie F. , Amick Benjamin C.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the proportion of Arkansas residents who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus between May and December 2020 and to assess the determinants of infection. To estimate seroprevalence, a state-wide population-based random-digit dial sample of non-institutionalized adults in Arkansas was surveyed. Exposures were age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, occupation, contact with infected persons, comorbidities, height, and weight. The outcome was past COVID-19 infection measured by serum antibody test. We found a prevalence of 15.1% (95% CI: 11.1%, 20.2%) by December 2020. Seropositivity was significantly elevated among participants who were non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic (prevalence ratio [PRs]:1.4 [95% CI: 0.8, 2.4] and 2.3 [95% CI: 1.3, 4.0], respectively), worked in high-demand essential services (PR: 2.5 [95% CI: 1.5, 4.1]), did not have a college degree (PR: 1.6 [95% CI: 1.0, 2.4]), had an infected household or extra-household contact (PRs: 4.7 [95% CI: 2.1, 10.1] and 2.6 [95% CI: 1.2, 5.7], respectively), and were contacted in November or December (PR: 3.6 [95% CI: 1.9, 6.9]). Our results indicate that by December 2020, one out six persons in Arkansas had a past SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on jejunal morphology, development, and amino acid profiles in male low birth weight suckling piglets
Authors: Schregel Johannes , Schulze Holthausen Johannes , Sciascia Quentin L. , Li Zeyang , Görs Solvig , Eggert Anja , Tuchscherer Armin , Zentek Jürgen , Metges Cornelia C.
Published: April 2022

Background

It has been shown that small intestine development in low birth weight(LBW)piglets is impaired. Glutamine(Gln)has been reported to improve piglet health and intestinal function in weaned piglets, but data is scarce in suckling piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oral Gln supplementation compared to Alanine (Ala) on jejunal development and function in 5 and 12 d old male LBW and normal birth weight(NBW)suckling piglets.

Results

Gln had no effect on the jejunal morphology, development, tissue and digesta amino acid profiles and mRNA abundance of genes involved in amino acid transport, metabolism, glutathione synthesis in LBW piglets when compared to Ala supplementation and birth weight controls at 5 and 12 d. Only the concentration of Gln in jejunal tissue was higher in NBW piglets supplemented with Gln compared to Ala at 5 d (P < 0.05). A comparison of the birth weight groups showed no differences between LBW and NBW piglets at 5 and 12 d in any parameter. Jejunal crypt depth, villus height / width, tunica muscularis thickness, number of goblet and IgA positive cells, the ratio of jejunal RNA to DNA and the concentration of DNA, protein and RNA changed (P < 0.05) from 5 compared to 12 d. The concentrations of several free, and protein bound amino acids as well as amino metabolites differed between age groups in jejunal tissue but the digesta concentrations were affected to a lesser extent.

Conclusions

Oral Gln supplementation to suckling male piglets over the first 12 d of life was not associated with changes in jejunal parameters measured in this study. The absence of effects may indicate that Gln is absorbed as well as metabolized in the upper intestinal tract and thus could benefit intestinal development at a more proximal location.
A qualitative study on community use of antibiotics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Shembo Aurélie Koho Pungu , Musumari Patou Masika , Srithanaviboonchai Kriengkrai , Tangmunkongvorakul Arunrat , Dalleur Olivia
Published: April 2022

Background

Resistance to antibiotics is an increasing and major threat to global health. While the large majority of antimicrobial use occurs in the community where antibiotics are available without prescription, we did not find any studies investigating community-level factors influencing the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), where non-prescription antibiotic use is prevalent.

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted from April 1st 2019 to May 5th 2019 and consisting of in-depth semi-structured interviews, utilizing purposive and snowball sampling schemes to recruit adult heads of households in the Pakadjuma slum, in Kinshasa, DRC. Participants with differing medical and educational backgrounds were selected. We employed a thematic analysis approach to explore community knowledge and use of antibiotics in the sampled population.

Results

A total of 18 participants with a median age of 35 years were interviewed. The majority was female (77.7%), had at least a secondary education (83.4%), and unemployed (61.1%). We found that participants were familiar with the term “antibiotics”, but had limited knowledge of the indications and risks of antibiotics, including the risk of antibiotic resistance. Inappropriate use of antibiotics was common and there was frequent self-medication of non-prescribed medicines for a range of non-indicated conditions such as menstruation. Having limited income was the most commonly reported reason for not visiting a health facility for appropriate health care.

Conclusion

Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a widespread practice and is influenced by lack of adequate knowledge of antibiotic use, indications and risks, prevalent self-medication, and financial barriers to accessing appropriate health care. There is need for both community education as well as structural interventions addressing poverty in order to reduce the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the Pakadjuma slum in Kinshasa.
Limited hyperoxia-induced proliferative retinopathy: A model of persistent retinal vascular dysfunction, preretinal fibrosis and hyaloidal vascular reprogramming for retinal rescue
Authors: Tedeschi Thomas , Lee Kendal , Zhu Wei , Fawzi Amani A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains the leading cause for blindness in children. Limited hyperoxia induced proliferative retinopathy (L-HIPR) was recently introduced as a potential animal model for ROP and persistent fetal vasculature; however, the detailed pathological changes remain unclear.

Methods

To model L-HIPR, we placed C57BL/6J mice in 65% oxygen from birth to post-natal day 7 (P7). We examined eyes at intervals between P12 and P30. Retinal morphometry, thickness, and preretinal fibrosis were quantified at different time points on histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson Trichrome, respectively. Vascular development, angiogenesis, inflammation, and pericyte coverage were analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining in retinal flat mounts and cross sections.

Results

In L-HIPR, the hyaloidal vessels persisted until the latest time point in this study, P30 and began to invaginate the peripheral then central retina starting at P12. Central retinal distortion was noted beginning at P17, while the peripheral retina demonstrated a trend of thinning from P12 to P30. We found that L-HIPR was associated with delayed and abnormal retinal vascular development with subsequent retinal inflammation, pericyte loss and preretinal fibrosis.

Conclusion

Our study presents a detailed analysis of the L-HIPR animal model demonstrating vitreoretinal pathologic changes, preretinal fibrosis and persistent hyaloidal vessels into adulthood. Based on our findings, we suggest that the persistence and peculiar stepwise migration of the hyaloidal vessels into the retina may provide a potential rescue mechanism for inner retinal development that deserves further study.
Associations between retail food environment and the nutritional quality of food purchases in French households: The Mont’Panier cross-sectional study
Authors: Recchia Daisy , Perignon Marlène , Rollet Pascaline , Vonthron Simon , Tharrey Marion , Darmon Nicole , Feuillet Thierry , Méjean Caroline ,   on behalf of the Surfood-Foodscapes working group
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the retail food environment, measured by multiple indicators around the home and in activity space, was associated with the nutritional quality of food purchases.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 462 households from a quota sampling survey conducted in the south of France (Montpellier Metropolitan Area). The revised Healthy Purchase Index was implemented in order to assess the nutritional quality of food purchases. Food environment indicators (presence, number, relative density and proximity of food outlets) were calculated around the home and in activity space using a geographical information system. Six different types of food outlets were studied: supermarkets, markets, greengrocers, bakeries, other specialized food stores (butcher’s, fishmonger’s and dairy stores) and small grocery stores. Associations between food environment and the nutritional quality of food purchases were assessed using multilevel models, and geographically weighted regressions to account for spatial non-stationarity. Models were adjusted for households’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.

Results

The nutritional quality of food purchases was positively associated with the number of greengrocers around the home (1 vs. 0: β = 0.25, 95%CI = [0.01, 0.49]; >1 vs. 0: β = 0.25, 95%CI = [0.00, 0.50]), but negatively associated with the number of markets around the home (1 vs. 0: β = -0.20, 95%CI = [-0.40, 0.00]; >1 vs. 0: β = -0.37, 95%CI = [-0.69, -0.06]). These associations varied across space in the area studied. For lower income households, the number of greengrocers in activity space was positively associated with the nutritional quality of food purchases (1 vs. 0: β = 0.70, 95%CI = [0.12, 1.3]; >1 vs. 0: β = 0.67, 95%CI = [0.22, 1.1]).

Conclusions

Greengrocers might be an effective type of food store for promoting healthier dietary behaviors. Further studies, particularly interventional studies, are needed to confirm these results in order to guide public health policies in actions designed to improve the food environment.
Kidney Evaluation in Hyperuricemia Rats Treated with Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) Extract
Authors: Nugraheni Putranty Widha , Mahdi Chanif
Published: April 2022

Uric acid is an oxidation product of the xanthine oxidase enzyme found in extracellular fluid, and when it exceeds, uric acid will build up and cause hyperuricemia. TNF-α is released by epithelial cells and mesangial cells when inflammation occurs and causes apoptosis in epithelial cells, causing damage to kidney structures and initiating acute kidney poisoning. Green tea extract (Camellia sinensis L.) contains many antioxidants, especially flavonoids with potent antioxidant properties such as lipid peroxidase and free radical absorbers, inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This study expresses the potential of green tea extract on kidney repair caused by HUA. Twenty-four male albino rats (175-225 g) of Wistar strain being fed a high purine diet in 60 consecutive days and divided into six groups randomly, I: negative control, II: positive control, III: allopurinol, IV: green tea extract 150mg of body weight, V: green tea extract 300mg of body weight, and VI: green tea extract 600mg of body weight. Treatment was done for 14 days and measured by total creatinine levels, malondialdehyde levels, and kidney histopathology. The statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis by SPSS 23.0 proved that green tea extract with a dose of 600 mg/kg of body weight green could lower levels malondialdehyde of the kidney as much as 58.85% (p<0.01), decreased creatinine level by 24.5% (p>0.05), and improved kidney histopathology. This study proved that green tea extract is a promising alternative for hyperuricemia while improving kidney tissues and lowering malondialdehyde and creatinine levels.
The Roles of the Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) Techniques in the Detection of the Breast Cancer
Authors: Smail Harem Othman
Published: April 2022

This paper aimed to understand and compare the two popular cytogenetic techniques of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in detecting breast cancer chromosomal abnormality. Several chromosomal anomalies play a role in the development of breast cancer, and the two above approaches play an important role in confirming fluorescence in situ hybridization in particular (FISH). However, comparative genomic hybridization has developed DNA copy number profiles for most of the publicly available breast cancer cell lines for the FISH methods rely on the fluorescent probes. Chromosomal profiles can be generated for the suspected chromosomal abnormality, copy number changes between the tumour and the DNA control can be compared, and the results can be registered. Today, modern cytogenetic tools such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are more commonly used to detect any microdeletion that cannot be detected by conventional cytogenetic karyotypes that involve a high rate of cell division and good chromosomal morphology, which pose challenges for cytogeneticists, and a long period of testing and research. Usually, this is a problem for physicians, and there are still many drawbacks and disadvantages concerning the high benefits, such as false findings. Normal chromosome in situ hybridization requires the hybridization of a labelled DNA probe into denatured chromosomal DNA present in metaphase chromosomes in an air-dried microscope slide preparation. Metaphase spreads are used for traditional chromosome FISH (metaphase FISH). Positive and positive signs of hybridization also appear as a double spot, corresponding to the hybridized probe for both sister chromatids. A further extension of chromosome painting is comparative genomic hybridization (CCI-I). CCH involves simultaneous chromosome painting in two different colours using complete DNA from two similar sources as probes, which reveal variations concerning the benefit or loss of sub-chromosomal regions or even entire chromosomes.
Peptide Fractions from Chymotrypsin-hydrolyzed Moringa oleifera Seed Proteins Inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro
Authors: Ekun Oluwafemi Emmanuel , Olusola Augustine Olusegun , Sanni Joseph Adaviruku , Ishola Feyisayo
Published: April 2022

This study attempts to investigate the activities of chymotrypsin-digested M. oleifera seed proteins and their peptide fractions on carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. Proteins from M. oleifera seeds were isolated using isoelectric point precipitation and hydrolyzed using chymotrypsin. The hydrolysates obtained were fractionated into peptide fractions of
Gobierno de los Hermanos Musulmanes 2012-2013
Authors: Fernández Nicolás Diego José
Published: April 2022

Dentro de la historia política egipcia, destaca el papel jugado por los Hermanos Musulmanes desde 1928, año de su fundación por Hassan al Banna. En 2012, un año después de la llamada “Primavera Árabe”, con una historia de dictaduras y represión que han alterado el equilibrio social del país más poblado de la zona, Egipto celebra sus primeras elecciones democráticas, ganadas por Mohamed Mursi, líder del Partido Libertad y Justicia y brazo político de la hermandad de los Hermanos Musulmanes. Un gobierno que duró apenas un año, hasta el 3 de julio de 2013, derrocado por el golpe de Estado de al Sisi, Ministro de Defensa de Mursi. El presente texto analiza cómo fue ese año político de gobierno de los Hermanos Musulmanes y las causas que llevaron a su caída.
Biochemical diagnosis of Wilson’s disease: an update
Authors: Martínez-Morillo Eduardo , Bauça Josep Miquel
Published: April 2022

Wilson’s disease (WD) is an inherited disorder of copper metabolism caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. This condition is characterized by the accumulation of copper in the liver and other organs and tissues causing hepatic and neuropsychiatric manifestations. This paper reviews the diagnostic performance and limitations of the biochemical tests commonly used to detect this underdiagnosed disease. It also provides some recommendations and suggests a set of standardized laboratory comments. At present, a rapid, simple, reliable biochemical test that confirms diagnosis of WD is not available. However, diagnosis can be established based on serum ceruloplasmin and urinary copper excretion. Total serum copper should be employed with caution, since it has a low negative predictive value. The use of estimated non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper is not recommended. Nevertheless, measured relative exchangeable copper has very high sensitivity and specificity and emerges as a potential gold standard for the biochemical diagnosis of WD. The development of novel assays for WD detection makes this disorder a potential candidate to be included in newborn screening programs.
Zum Verhältnis zwischen dem chinesischen Modalverb yīnggāi und dem Tempus sowie dem Aspekt
Authors: Zeng Zhen
Published: April 2022

This paper addresses the relation between the Chinese modal verb yīnggāi on one hand and tense and aspect on the other by providing illustrations of syntactial relations in Chinese sentences. It provides a detailed analysis of the different readings of yīnggāi in combination with various aspect particles and different time levels. It explains when the modal has a deontic, epistemic or ambiguous interpretation.
Contemporary Chinese art on WeChat and its utilisation to promote artists and their artworks
Authors: Zhang Cziráková Daniela
Published: April 2022

Social media are becoming increasingly popular in China. This trend is also observable in the art world. Besides specialised websites promoting art and artists, there are also many new ways of sharing information about artists, exhibitions, publications and the art world. Almost all Chinese artists use the WeChat application as a means of communication. There are also other social media outlets, such as Weibo and TikTok. This paper focuses on the use of WeChat by Chinese artists. Apart from its primary functionality, WeChat has become a vital medium for sharing information about recent exhibitions, articles or just to share artwork. WeChat allows artists to distribute and provide a space for new creative content. Artists and galleries can post photographs, links to articles, interviews and video promotions of exhibitions. The 798 Art Zone is an example of quite advanced promotion ranging from information about artists and exhibitions to even the sale of artworks. To illustrate the wide range of content on WeChat, this paper will look at visual artists such as Gu Wenda, Zhang Yu and the art critic Xia Kejun, and compare them with the public accounts of galleries and 798 Art zone (Beijing), the most famous art district in China.
Vṛddhekṣvākuvratam. The commentators’ interpretations of the passages describing the renunciation of kings in the Raghuvaṃśa
Authors: Dezső Csaba
Published: April 2022

At the end of their life, after transferring the kingdom to their grown-up sons, several kings of the Sūryavaṃśa chose to retire from the world and devoted their last years to asceticism and meditation. The verses of the Raghuvaṃśa describing these kings show considerable variation mainly along the lines of which āśrama (stage of life) the king enters at the end of his life. In many cases the commentators discuss these variants and argue pro and contra the availability of saṃnyāsa for people of royal status, thus participating in a larger mediaeval debate observable in texts on dharmaśāstra. This paper takes into consideration former studies on the subject by Tsuchida, Olivelle and Goodall, and most importantly discusses both published and unpublished commentaries on the Raghuvaṃśa, examining what authorities they quote to give support to their views on this dharmaśāstric issue, as well as the efforts they make to present the Raghuvaṃśa as being both internally consistent and in harmony with the teachings on dharma they consider valid.
The intra-individual variation of cardiac troponin I: the effects of sex, age, climatic season, and time between samples
Authors: Koerbin Gus , Potter Julia M. , Pinto do Nascimento Marcela , Cullen Louise , Scanlan Samuel L. , Woods Catherine , Hickman Peter E.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Knowing the intra-individual variation (CVi), also termed within subject biological variation, of an analyte is essential to properly interpret apparent changes in concentration. While there have been many studies assessing the CVi of cardiac troponin (cTnI), they have been limited in looking at CVi in different settings, and there is no data available on whether CVi might change in different settings.

Methods

We used our large cTnI data bank to look at the CVi of cTnI in Emergency Department (ED) patients who had an acute myocardial infarction event excluded. We looked at the effects of gender, age, climatic season, and time between samples to assess whether CVi changed. To assess the effect of age, after exclusion, we collected two samples from each subject for each study which were used to calculate the CVi between those identified groups. There were 139 males and 98 females aged <65 years and 109 males and 98 females aged ≥65 years. For gender and season, there were 122 males and 94 females in the summer period and 126 males and 102 females in the winter period. To assess long term variation there were 195 males and 153 females who had further admissions after more than 12 months.

Results

For the four variables listed, there were no significant differences in within individual variation (CVi), but there was a significant difference in between individual variation (CVg) for men and women with regard to age. The Index of Individuality (II) was <0.20 for all conditions studied. We noted that >90% of subjects had an reference change value (RCV) <9 ng/L.

Conclusions

Because troponin concentration in patients without an identified cardiac condition change so little, delta changes are potentially of great value in assessing patients in the ED. Significant delta changes in troponin can occur without the 99th percentile being exceeded.
Modified optimal series cascade control for non-minimum phase system
Authors: Yadav Manish , Patel Hiren G.
Published: April 2022

This article contributes to handling the Non-Minimum Phase (NMP) system with time delay in the existence of uncertainty and disturbances. The series cascade control scheme is used to overcome such problems. The secondary loop architecture in a series cascade scheme is formulated in the Internal Model Control (IMC) framework. The tuning of fractional-filter via a delayed version of Bodes’ ideal transfer function approach of primary loop controller in a series cascade arrangement shows the novelty of this work. The primary loop controller is designed in the IMC framework after accountability of inverse response and dead-time compensator. Furthermore, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is adapted to accomplish the optimal value of controller settings. The Riemann sheet principle is used to determine stability. The sensitivity investigation is performed to know the robustness of the offered controller. For the effectiveness of the suggested scheme, two case studies are revealed in this paper.
“Trust in These Words”: Vision, Voice, and Black Women’s Ways of Knowing
Authors: Wallace Belinda Deneen
Published: April 2022

Under the umbrella of what Brittney Cooper calls “progressive feminist visions,” this article reads Solange’s 2017 essay (“A Letter to My Teenage Self”) and her 2016 album (A Seat at the Table) as part of a Black feminist agenda to unfetter and embolden Black women to affirm their voices, visions, and knowledge(s). In doing this work, Solange makes visible how said voices, visions, and knowledge(s) are not only meaningful but also transformative. “Trust in these words” opens by establishing Solange’s work as progressive feminist visions. It then moves into an analysis of the role of vision and voice in crafting new ways of being and becoming as represented in the epistolary essay, “A Letter to My Teenage Self” and the album A Seat at the Table. The study closes by reflecting on how Solange’s work can be seen as Black feminist epistemologies that allow us to amplify Black women’s humanity.
Effect of heat-treatment processes and high temperature variation of acid-chloride media on the corrosion resistance of B265 (Ti–6Al–4V) titanium alloy in acid-chloride solution
Authors: Loto Roland Tolulope
Published: April 2022

Corrosion resistance of untreated (B265TiN), quenched (B265TiQ), and annealed (B265TiA) B265 titanium alloy was studied in 2–10 M H2SO4+ 10% NaCl solution at 30, 70, and 95°C by potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic measurement, open circuit potential measurement, and optical microscopy. B265TiN was the most resistant of the alloys to general corrosion at 30°C with values between 0.094 and 3.782 mm/year. B265TiQ exhibited the highest corrosion rate values (0.210–23.399 mm/year). Its plots show significant increase in cathodic slope. At 70 and 95°C, B265TiN exhibited the lowest corrosion rate in 2 and 6 M H2SO4+ 10% NaCl solution, while B265TiQ exhibited the corresponding highest values. Optical characterization shows B265TiN, B265TiQ, and B265TiA alloys are highly resistant to corrosion in 2 M H2SO4+ 10% NaCl at 30°C compared to 10 M H2SO4+ 10% NaCl, where marginal deterioration occurred on B265TiN, significant degradation on B265TiQ, and localized degradation on B265TiA. The extent of degradation increased at 70 and 95°C. B265TiN exhibited the highest resistance to metastable pits formation compared to B265TiQ and B265TiA. Potentiostatic values at 70°C shows high temperature exposure of Ti alloy to accelerated corrosion. Metastable pit initiation values at 70°C are significantly greater. Open circuit potential measurement at 30°C shows B265TiN demonstrated least vulnerability to corrosion with stable oxide formation at 2 M and 6 M H2SO4+ 10% NaCl, and B265TiQ was least vulnerable at 10 M H2SO4+ 10% NaCl. At 70°C, B265TiQ was least vulnerable to corrosion with unstable oxide formation at 2 M and 6 M H2SO4+ 10% NaCl compared to B265TiN at 10 M H2SO4+ 10% NaCl.
Absolute convergence of the Fourier trigonometric series with gaps
Authors: Meskhia Rusudan
Published: April 2022

In the present paper, the sufficient conditions are obtained for the generalized β-absolute convergence

(

0
<
β
<
2

)

{(0<\beta<2)}

of the Fourier trigonometric series with gaps for some classes of functions. In [8], analogous problems were considered for Fourier trigonometric series and sufficient conditions were established in terms of the δ-variation of a function; also, it was proved that these conditions are unimprovable in a certain sense.
Our goal is to show that if a function f has a Fourier series with gaps, then the results obtained in [8] hold if the function f satisfies the derived conditions only on an arbitrarily small interval.
What is the action of a multiplicative centrally-extended derivation on a ring?
Authors: Tammam El-Sayiad M. S. , Ageeb Ahmed , Khaled A. M.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to prove the following assertion.
Let S be a ring having a nontrivial idempotent element e which
satisfies some conditions. We prove that any multiplicative centrally-extended derivation of S
is a centrally-extended derivation.
Theticity and sentence-focus in Italian: grammatically encoded categories or categories of language use?
Authors: Belligh Thomas , Crocco Claudia
Published: April 2022

This article aims to examine whether Italian has theticity and sentence-focus among its grammatically encoded categories. After the categories of theticity and sentence-focus are introduced, the concepts of grammatically encoded category and category of language use are operationalized along the lines of Integral Linguistics. For a functional category to qualify as a grammatically encoded category of a language, the language should have at least one construction that structurally encodes the category as its indefeasible semantics. The article provides a qualitative investigation of both corpus-based and constructed examples of the eight Italian sentential structures that have hitherto been recognized in the literature as thetic or sentence-focus constructions. It is shown that each of the constructions has information structural uses that are incompatible with a structurally encoded theticity or sentence-focus semantics, i.e., topic-comment structure and narrow focus construal. It is argued that theticity and sentence-focus are therefore categories of language use rather than grammatically encoded categories of Italian.
Repeated partial splenic artery embolization for hypersplenism improves platelet count
Authors: Tan Youwen , Wang Jiamin , Sun Li , Ye Yun
Published: April 2022

Splenic embolization is a minimally invasive alternative to splenectomy for the treatment of hypersplenism. This was a retrospective study of 101 patients with hypersplenism caused by cirrhosis who were treated with splenic embolization and for whom 6 months of follow-up data were available. Of these patients, 65 underwent partial splenic artery embolization (PSE), including 23 who underwent repeated PSE (RPSE). The incidence of abdominal pain was significantly higher in the PSE group than in the total splenic artery embolization (TSE) group (P < 0.001), and its duration was also longer in the PSE group (P = 0.003). Biochemical markers of liver function were compared before and after the operation; aminotransferase indices decreased (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), total bilirubin increased slightly, and albumin and prealbumin decreased after the operation (all P < 0.001). Platelet (PLT) counts began to increase at 1 week postoperatively, peaked at 1 month postoperatively, and then decreased gradually. There was no significant intergroup (PSE and TSE) difference at any time point (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively, P > 0.05). There was a significant intergroup (PSE and RPSE) difference in the mean postoperative change in PLT count (P = 0.45). Splenic embolization can improve the inflammatory indicators of liver function. Performing PSE twice or more improves the PLT counts.
Investigation of three-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow affected by nonuniform MHD over exponential stretching/shrinking plate
Authors: Zangooee Mohammad Reza , Hosseinzadeh Khashayar , Ganj Davood Domiri
Published: April 2022

Hybrid nanofluids, which are formed by dispersing two solid materials in a conventional fluid, have recently attracted the attention of researchers as they are able to improve the thermal properties. The present article, therefore, conducts a numerical analysis to investigate the heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional flow of magnetic nanofluid (ferrofluid) across a bidirectional exponentially stretching sheet of hybrid nanofluid. Suitable similarity transformations convert the conservative equations for mass, energy, and momentum into ordinary differential equations. To solve these equations, a fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method is used. The findings revealed that with the enhancement of shape factor and generation/absorption parameters, the temperature over the surface increased. But if this parameter is decreased, the temperature profiles move towards the surface. Also, when exponent parameter is decreased, the temperature profiles go near the surface and a larger temperature exponent parameter means decreased heat transfer rate closer to the surface. The findings prove that skin friction coefficient corresponds to magnetic and suction/injection parameters and local Nusselt number is decreased with larger exponent parameter and heat absorption/generation parameter.
Synthesis of antiviral drugs by using carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation under greener conditions
Authors: Allaka Tejeswara Rao , Katari Naresh Kumar , Jonnalagadda Sreekanth Babu
Published: April 2022

Antiviral medications are a branch of medicines notably used to treat that cause many significant diseases in humans and animals. This monograph mainly focuses on recent developments and synthesis of antiviral drugs using carbon-carbon and carbon–hetero bond cross-coupling chemistry. Viral infections exact several severe human diseases, accounting for remarkably high mortality rates. In this sense, academia and the pharmaceutical industry continuously search for novel compounds with better antiviral activity. The researchers face the challenge of developing greener and economical ways to synthesize these compounds and make significant progress.
Macro Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Analysis of Nano-modified ECC at Low Temperature
Authors: Hu Yu , Gao Shuling
Published: April 2022

The building structure in cold areas has not been in a freeze–thaw cycle but in a low temperature and deep cold environment for years. In such environments, one-time freezing mode is required to analyze the low-temperature freezing problem. The purpose of this study is to optimize engineered cementitious composites (ECC) currently known to have good durability and prepare ratios suitable for low-temperature environments. By mixing nano silica (SiO2) and SiO2 fume in a certain proportion, the internal situation was optimized by using their physical filling effect and chemical activity. The macromechanical properties of four groups of ECC with different nano SiO2 and SiO2 fume content under normal temperature and low temperature were studied. Uniaxial compressive strength and full curves of tensile stress–strain at normal temperature and low temperature (−60°C) were established, whereas the optimum mechanical properties were obtained under low temperatures. It was found that the uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, and tensile strain capacity can reach 45 MPa, 4 Mpa, and 4 % at low temperature (−60°C) after 28 days of standard maintenance. Four groups of modified ECC were analyzed by computed tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure, matrix, fiber–matrix interface, and fiber surface of ECC mixture with nano SiO2 and SiO2 fume were compared to evaluate the improvement of ductility. After determining the porosity by CT scanning, the microstructure was characterized. The characteristics of hydration products at the age of 7 and 28 days were analyzed by XRD. Matrix, fiber–matrix interface, and fiber surface characteristics at the age of 28 days were evaluated using SEM. The results prove that the combination of nano SiO2 0.5 % and SiO2 fume 1.5 % can make the internal pore dense and uniform while optimizing the pore structure and fully exerting the bonding effect between matrix and fiber.
Children Expect Leaders to Oust Intruders, Refrain From Unprovoked Aggression, but Not to Be Generally Prosocial
Authors: Thomas Ashley J. , Navarro Hernandez Silvia , Sumner Emily , Sarnecka Barbara
Published: April 2022

Humans in every society encounter social hierarchies. Previous research has shown that children use various cues to say who is, “in charge”. In the present studies we ask how children think those who are in charge treat others. In Studies 1 and 2, children heard stories and saw drawings of social groups where one character wore a crown and sat on a throne (Study 1) or just wore a crown (Study 2) and three other characters stood alongside with no special clothing or markings. The children were told about an action, and then had to guess who had done it. When asked who pushed someone down, most 6- to 8-year-old children guessed that one of the uncrowned characters had done the pushing, while 3- to 5-year-old children seemed to consider the crowned and uncrowned characters equally likely to push someone. When asked who kicked out a hostile intruder, children of all ages chose the crowned character more often than an uncrowned character. Study 3 asked whether children expect crowned characters to put themselves in harm’s way to protect uncrowned characters and whether they expect crowned characters to be actively prosocial. Here, neither the older nor the younger children expected the crowned characters to put themselves in harm’s way to protect the others, and they thought the crowned character was less likely than others to perform prosocial actions such as helping someone up or sharing a cookie. These data suggest that children expect leaders, at least in this context, to provide specific benefits such as expelling hostile intruders, but not to be more prosocial than other people overall. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that children use inferences about social roles to predict people’s behavior.
The Role of Clemency in Criminal Justice Reform, 2022
Authors: Osler Mark
Published: April 2022

As other second-chance sentencing mechanisms are considered and developed, the reform of federal clemency remains important. As part of broader reforms, clemency can—if revived—serve functions that other pathways cannot. It offers a singular breadth and scope, limited only by the imagination and conscience of the president, allowing it to address categorical releases, pardons, and to reach those people left behind by the inevitable inter-judge disparities created by mechanisms like compassionate release. Clemency, properly reformed, would also allow a path to freedom that does not run through the DOJ, and humanizes the criminal justice system for a president who may not regularly engage with this crucial machine of social control. Finally, clemency is a constitutional duty of the president—and one which embodies the principle of mercy that most Americans embrace.
VertrauensArchitektur ist die systematische Gestaltung von Vertrauenssituationen
Authors: Eller Eric
Published: April 2022

Vertrauen ist ein zentraler Erfolgsfaktor für Unternehmen. Aber wie können wir mehr davon schaffen? Ohne Vertrauen keine Kundeninteraktion, keine Verträge, keine Nutzung von eCommerce-Angeboten, kein Ausprobieren von Innovationen. Unternehmen sind gut beraten, Vertrauen systematisch in ihr Geschäftsmodell zu verankern.
Nachhaltige Wertschöpfungsketten
Authors: Gassmann Philip
Published: April 2022

Der Begriff „Wertschöpfungskette“ ist ein perfektes Beispiel für die Schönheit und Präzision der deutschen Sprache. Trotzdem muss er dringend aus dem Interpretationsrahmen der letzten Jahre befreit werden, der ihn leider sehr nachhaltig auf eine rein merkantile Dimension reduziert hat. Zu welchen Exzessen diese geführt hat, erleben wir in vielen aktuellen Krisen und am bedrohlichsten in der Klimakrise. Dabei wurde bereits das erste Wort in diesem schönen Begriff rhetorisch zur großen Falle, indem „Wert“ meistens als reiner Geldwert definiert wurde und damit die für die Menschheit wirklich überlebenswichtigen Werte wie Verantwortung, Frieden, Fairness und Respekt zur Nebensache degradiert sind. Jetzt rächt sich dieser fatale Fehler – auch international und vor allen Dingen auch sicherheitspolitisch. Ironischerweise hat die ungehemmte und ungebremste Gier nach Geld einen furchtbaren Nebeneffekt: Sie gefährdet zunehmend das Miteinander von Mensch zu Mensch und im erweiterten Sinne auch das Miteinander von Mensch und Umwelt. Dies liegt eindeutig am Fehlen von entsprechenden Werten und im erweiterten Sinne auch von daraus resultierenden verbindlichen Regeln. Gleichzeitig vernebelt der ausschließliche Blick auf den rein finanziellen Gewinn die Wahrnehmung (welch ein schönes Wort!) sowie das Ernstnehmen von konkreten Bedrohungen und besorgniserregenden Entwicklungen.
El trabajo de fin de grado de temática musical en la Facultad de Educación de Albacete-España (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha)
Authors: De Moya-Martínez María Del Valle , Syroyid-Syroyid Bohdan , López-García Narciso José
Published: April 2022

Objetivo. Recopilar y analizar los trabajos fin de grado (TFG) dirigidos y defendidos en la Unidad Departamental de Música de la Facultad de Educación de Albacete-España (UCLM) desde su implementación, curso 2012-2013, hasta el curso 2018-2019. Metodología. El enfoque utilizado ha sido principalmente cuantitativo y descriptivo con una muestra de 102 TFG de los cuales 66 pertenecen al Grado en Educación Primaria, 33 al Grado en Educación Infantil y 3 al Grado en Educación Primaria Bilingüe (inglés). Se han analizado las siguientes variables: número de TFG, cursos académicos, líneas de investigación y palabras clave de los títulos. Resultados. Se ha observado una continuidad en la investigación realizada en el área de música en el periodo analizado. Las líneas de investigación más trabajadas fueron música y emociones (19,61%), música y tecnologías de la información y comunicación (15,69%) y música y educación especial (14,71%), mientras que la línea menos trabajada fue la legislación educativa musical (2,94%). EL análisis de las palabras clave de los títulos muestra una fuerte presencia del término emoción(es)/(al) en las especialidades de Educación Infantil y Primaria. También se han constatado algunas diferencias sustanciales en las preferencias temáticas de ambos grados, apuntando a estudios más teórico-técnicos en Primaria y prácticos en Infantil. Conclusiones. Con este trabajo se ha examinado y reflexionado sobre los TFG de temática musical en la muestra analizada. Las limitaciones de la muestra ofrecen unos resultados preliminares sobre la evolución de las líneas temáticas investigadas y las preferencias temáticas en ambos grados.
Análisis de programas de educación sexual para adolescentes en España y otros países
Authors: Barriuso-Ortega Sonia , Heras-Sevilla Davinia , Fernández-Hawrylak María
Published: April 2022

Introducción. En la actualidad, la presencia en los centros educativos y en ámbitos no formales de la educación sexual es constatable. Este tipo de formación ha evolucionado en las últimas décadas, tanto en su enfoque, como en su metodología; conviviendo distintos modelos sobre la misma (López Sánchez, 2005). Objetivo. Revisar y analizar programas de educación sexual destinados a adolescentes en diferentes países, así como las acciones formativas más representativas en España. Análisis. Revisión sistemática de programas mediante el modelo de Barbosa Chacón et al. (2013), en la que se analizan 16 programas (4 Internacionales, y 12 nacionales) desarrollados en el periodo comprendido entre 1992 y 2016. La búsqueda bibliográfica se ha realizado tanto en bases de datos científicas como en páginas Web de organismos oficiales, comunidades autónomas, entidades y grupos de trabajo de referencia. Resultados. Entre los principales hallazgos destacan la coexistencia de diversos enfoques de educación sexual como el modelo biográfico-profesional, el modelo de riesgos, el modelo para la abstinencia o el Comprehensive Sex Education, siendo mayor la eficacia de aquellos programas que abordan la sexualidad desde una perspectiva holística. Conclusiones. La educación sexual debe integrarse en el currículo, ofreciendo una visión integral de la sexualidad que incluya los aspectos psicosociales, la diversidad sexual y la igualdad de género. Es necesaria una evaluación rigurosa (cuantitativa y cualitativa) de todos los aspectos incluidos en los programas para demostrar la eficacia de la educación sexual y descubrir aquellas cuestiones que resultan claves para su impartición.
Caracterización de la procrastinación académica en estudiantado universitario peruano
Authors: Duda-Macera Beatriz , Gallardo-Echenique Eliana
Published: April 2022

Objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender las características asociadas con la procrastinación académica en que incurre el estudiantado de ingeniería de una universidad privada de Lima. Las bases teóricas de las que se partió fueron la teoría de las funciones ejecutivas de Barkley y la teoría de la autoeficacia de Bandura. Metodología. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa con un diseño fenomenológico para comprender el tema de estudio desde el punto de vista de la persona participante. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a diez estudiantes quienes asisten a sesiones de coaching individual y suelen tener bajas calificaciones y procrastinar. Se realizó un análisis temático con el fin de identificar, organizar y reconocer patrones a partir de una lectura profunda de la data, para comprender el tema investigado. Resultados. Los resultados evidencian que el estudiantado no ha logrado incorporar hábitos de estudios, lo que los lleva a postergar sus tareas. Además, se distraen con el uso de la tecnología y presentan ansiedad y estrés. Conclusiones. La procrastinación académica hoy en día, se entiende desde una mirada más integral que toma en cuenta el funcionamiento ejecutivo, apoyado en descubrimientos científicos sobre el cerebro humano.
Factores relacionados con la motivación del alumnado universitario e instrumentos para su evaluación: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Sánchez-Bolívar Lionel , Martínez-Martínez Asunción
Published: April 2022

Introducción. Uno de los factores más relevantes en la incorporación a estudiar una titulación universitaria, en el desempeño educativo y para el futuro profesional del alumnado universitario, es la motivación. Objetivo. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo el desarrollar una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía que estudia la motivación en este alumnado y determinar los factores relacionados con esta misma y los instrumentos empleados para su medición. Análisis. Para esta investigación se empleó la búsqueda en las bases de datos de Web of Science y Scopus, de los términos (en español e inglés) motivación y alumnado universitario, seleccionando 66 artículos revisados entre 2009 y 2019, siendo los criterios de selección el ser estudios cuantitativos con un diseño preexperimental o cuasiexperimental, de corte transversal y con datos estadísticos suficientes para realizar el análisis. Resultados. La producción científica en este campo tiene un carácter ascendente. Los estudios se han llevado a cabo predominantemente con alumnado de diferentes titulaciones universitarias. La presencia o ausencia de motivación se corresponde con tendencias a la procrastinación. Conclusiones. Por tanto, cabe destacar la importancia de la investigación y la intervención sobre la motivación del alumnado universitario, para la mejora de su rendimiento académico.
Reseña histórica de la pedagogía vocal clásica: Un recorrido desde los tratados de canto hasta las ciencias de la voz
Authors: Viales-Montero Rebeca
Published: April 2022

Introducción: El conocer la historia de la pedagogía vocal es básico para el profesorado de canto, no solo por una cuestión de cultura general, sino porque sobre esta historia se cimientan las bases de lo que hoy conocemos como docencia del canto. Objetivo. Sintetizar la historia de la pedagogía vocal, para mejorar el entendimiento sobre la forma en que esta es aplicada en la actualidad y como ha influenciado sobre las diferentes metodologías de enseñanza vocal. Análisis. Revisión de los textos más relevantes publicados desde 1723 (primer tratado oficial de canto) hasta 2020. Los textos de antes de 1950 fueron elegidos por su relevancia histórica y los posteriores, por su mención frecuente en tesis de postgrado o en artículos científicos de revistas reconocidas sobre la enseñanza vocal. Resultados. Se encuentra una diferencia significativa entre la forma en que se desarrolla la pedagogía de la voz, a partir de la cual se sistematiza su historia en cuatro etapas: primeros tratados de canto, Manuel García II (invención del laringoscopio), de Manuel García II a 1950 (escritos interdisciplinarios científicos) y después de 1950 a la fecha. Conclusiones. El proceso desde el primer tratado hasta hoy ha construido la pedagogía de la voz actual, basada en las contribuciones históricas en casi 300 años, y exigiendo a los maestros y las maestras del siglo XXI, no solo la pericia para escuchar y deducir lo que hace el estudiantado, sino un conocimiento teórico científico que le dé bases para manejar las correcciones vocales de forma efectiva.