bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Characterization of Virulence Determinants in Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Non-Atrophic Gastritis Patients by Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Imkamp Frank , Lauener Francis N. , Pohl Daniel , Lehours Philippe , Vale Filipa F. , Jehanne Quentin , Zbinden Reinhard , Keller Peter M. , Wagner Karoline
Published: July 2019

Helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of gastrointestinal pathology. Progression of H. pylori induced gastritis to more severe disease has been found to highly correlate with the array of virulence factors expressed by the pathogen. The objective of this study was twofold: first, to characterize the genetic diversity of H. pylori strains isolated from 41 non-atrophic gastritis patients in Switzerland, an issue that has not been investigated to date. And second, to assess the prevalence and sequence variation of H. pylori virulence factors (cagA, vacA, iceA and dupA) and genes encoding outer membrane proteins (OMPs; babA, babB, sabA, sabB, hopZ, hopQ and oipA) by whole genome sequencing (WGS) using an Illumina MiSeq platform. WGS identified high genetic diversity in the analyzed H. pylori strains. Most H. pylori isolates were assigned to hpEurope (95.0%, 39/41), and the remaining ones (5.0%, 2/41) to hpEastAsia, subpopulation hspEAsia. Analysis of virulence factors revealed that 43.9% of the strains were cagA-positive, and the vacA s1 allele was detected in 56.0% of the isolates. The presence of cagA was found to be significantly associated (P < 0.001) with the presence of vacA s1, babA2 and hopQ allele 1 as well as expression of oipA. Moreover, we found an association between the grade of gastritis and H. pylori abundance in the gastric mucosa, respectively and the presence of cagA, vacA s1 and hopQ allele 1. Among our 41 gastritis patients, we identified seven patients infected with H. pylori strains that carried a specific combination of virulence factors (i.e., cagA, vacA s1 allele and babA2 allele), recently implicated in the development of more severe gastrointestinal pathology, like peptic ulcer disease and even gastric cancer. To this end, WGS can be employed for rapid and detailed characterization of virulence determinants in H. pylori, providing valuable insights into the pathogenic capacity of the bacterium. This could ultimately lead to a higher level of personalized treatment and management of patients suffering from H. pylori associated infections.
Structure Determination of Er Doped Ti-Al-Nb Alloy by Neutron Diffraction Analysis
Authors: Ke Yubin , Tao Juzhou , Duan Huiping
Published: July 2019

Neutron diffraction experiments with both conventional powder diffraction setup and under in-situ compressive loading were conducted to investigate the structural origins of large strength and toughness enhancements in Ti-16Al-27Nb alloy after Er addition. The primary phase is determined to be the ordered B2 structure form, in agreement with the previous electron microscopy study. Lattice strains of {210} and {100} planes were measured as a function of applied stress, and elastic anisotropy was found for both, and strong plastic nonlinearity was discovered for (210) reflection. The grain refinement during plastic deformation was proposed by both the 2D diffraction intensity distribution and SEM observations, while stress-induced martensitic phase transition was not observed in this study. It is believed that the activation of different slip systems and grain refinement might be the structural origin of the novel mechanical properties of this alloy.
A Study of Laser Micromachining of PM Processed Ti Compact for Dental Implants Applications
Authors: Šugár Peter , Kováčik Jaroslav , Šugárová Jana , Ludrovcová Barbora
Published: July 2019

The paper deals with the experimental study of laser beam micromachining of the powder metallurgy processed Ti compacts applying the industrial grade fibre nanosecond laser operating at the wavelength of 1064 nm. The influence of the laser energy density on the surface roughness, surface morphology and surface elements composition was investigated and evaluated by means of surface roughness measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The different laser treatment parameters resulted in the surfaces of very different characteristics of the newly developed biocompatible material prepared by advanced low temperature technology of hydride dehydride (HDH) titanium powder compactation. The results indicate that the laser pulse energy has remarkable effects on the machined surface characteristics which are discussed from the point of view of application in dental implantology.
Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) Applied to a New Eco-Motorbike
Authors: Frizziero Leonardo , Liverani Alfredo , Nannini Lorenzo
Published: July 2019

The primary purpose of this work is to organize, in the best possible way, the design of an ecological transport vehicle, using an advanced design methodology, namely design for six sigma (DFSS). The DFSS is indeed a design approach, able to implement, in a logical and integrated way, other advanced methodologies of systematic design, such as quality function deployment (QFD), TRIZ (in Russian, Teorija Rešenija Izobretatel’skich Zadač), benchmarking, top-flop analysis and others, in order to propose design solutions oriented both to quality and innovation, for satisfying customers. The above described has been demonstrated through the application of DFSS to a case study in which the set up phase of an industrial project was completed, without having overlooked any aspect useful for obtaining a new attractive product. The case study concerns the application of DFSS to a new low-polluting motorcycle. At the end of the work, the designer obtained the achievement of the conceptual project.
The Application of Generalized Quasi-Hadamard Products of Certain Subclasses of Analytic Functions with Negative and Missing Coefficients
Authors: Ao En , Li Shuhai
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we introduce a new generalized differential operator using a new generalized quasi-Hadamard product, and certain new classes of analytic functions using subordination. We obtain certain results concerning the closure properties of the generalized quasi-Hadamard products and the generalized differential operators for this new subclasses of analytic functions with negative and missing coefficients.
The Analytical Model of Stress Zone Formation of Ti6Al4V/AA1050/AA2519 Laminate Produced by Explosive Bonding
Authors: Szachogluchowicz Ireneusz , Sniezek Lucjan , Grzelak Krzysztof , Sulym Heorhiy , Turchyn Ihor , Pasternak Iaroslav
Published: July 2019

This paper contains an analytical description of the deformation of the upper layer AA2519/AA1050/Ti6Al4V laminate produced by an explosive bonding method. The basic parameters of the explosive welding process that influence the quality of the bonding are the detonation velocity of the explosive, the explosion energy, and the impact angle of the combined materials. The developed description uses the theory of elastodynamic character of materials deformation at the connection point due to local traction load. The presence of high pressure during joining was limited to the region where the plane surface moving with a constant subsonic velocity. An analytical description of the residual stresses distribution was also a performer. Results of analytical investigations were verified by structure examination of the bond zone. The work was supplemented by the chemical composition analysis of the base materials and a monotonic stretching test characterizing the basic mechanical properties of the produced laminate.
Leaching of Pure Chalcocite in a Chloride Media Using Sea Water and Waste Water
Authors: Toro Norman , Briceño Williams , Pérez Kevin , Cánovas Manuel , Trigueros Emilio , Sepúlveda Rossana , Hernández Pía
Published: July 2019

Chalcocite is the most important and abundant secondary copper ore in the world with a rapid dissolution of copper in an acid-chloride environment. In this investigation, the methodology of surface optimization will be applied to evaluate the effect of three independent variables (time, concentration of sulfuric acid and chloride concentration) in the leaching of pure chalcocite to extract the copper with the objective of obtaining a quadratic model that allows us to predict the extraction of copper. The kinetics of copper dissolution in regard to the function of temperature is also analyzed. An ANOVA indicates that the linear variables with the greatest influence are time and the chloride concentration. Also, the concentration of chloride-time exerts a significant synergic effect in the quadratic model. The ANOVA indicates that the quadratic model is representative and the R2 value of 0.92 is valid. The highest copper extraction (67.75%) was obtained at 48 h leaching under conditions of 2 mol/L H2SO4 and 100 g/L chloride. The XRD analysis shows the formation of a stable and non-polluting residue; such as elemental sulfur (S0). This residue was obtained in a leaching time of 4 h at room temperature under conditions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 50 g/L Cl−.
Effect of Lubrication and Forging Load on Surface Roughness, Residual Stress, and Deformation of Cold Forging Tools
Authors: Karunathilaka Nuwan , Tada Naoya , Uemori Takeshi , Hanamitsu Ryota , Fujii Masahiro , Omiya Yuya , Kawano Masahiro
Published: July 2019

Cold forging is a metal forming that which uses localized compressive force at room temperature. During the cold forging process, the tool is subjected to extremely high loads and abrasive wear. Lubrication plays an important role in cold forging to improve product quality and tool life by preventing direct metallic contact. Surface roughness and residual stress also greatly affects the service life of a tool. In this study, variations in surface roughness, residual stress, and specimen deformation with the number of cold forging cycles were investigated under different forging conditions. Specimens that were made of heat-treated SKH51 (59–61 HRC), a high-speed tool steel with a polished working surface, were used. The specimens were subjected to an upsetting process. Compressive residual stress, surface roughness, and specimen deformation showed a positive relationship with the number of forging cycles up to a certain limit and became almost constant in most of the forging conditions. A larger change in residual stress and surface roughness was observed at the center of the specimens in all the forging conditions. The effect of the magnitude of the forging load on the above discussed parameters is large when compared to the effect of the lubrication conditions.
Can Reduced Irrigation Mitigate Ozone Impacts on an Ozone-Sensitive African Wheat Variety?
Authors: Harmens Harry , Hayes Felicity , Sharps Katrina , Radbourne Alan , Mills Gina
Published: July 2019

Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution is known to adversely affect the production of O3-sensitive crops such as wheat. The magnitude of impact is dependent on the accumulated stomatal flux of O3 into the leaves. In well-irrigated plants, the leaf pores (stomata) tend to be wide open, which stimulates the stomatal flux and therefore the adverse impact of O3 on yield. To test whether reduced irrigation might mitigate O3 impacts on flag leaf photosynthesis and yield parameters, we exposed an O3-sensitive Kenyan wheat variety to peak concentrations of 30 and 80 ppb O3 for four weeks in solardomes and applied three irrigation regimes (well-watered, frequent deficit, and infrequent deficit irrigation) during the flowering and grain filling stage. Reduced irrigation stimulated 1000-grain weight and harvest index by 33% and 13%, respectively (when O3 treatments were pooled), which compensated for the O3-induced reductions observed in well-watered plants. Whilst full irrigation accelerated the O3-induced reduction in photosynthesis by a week, such an effect was not observed for the chlorophyll content index of the flag leaf. Further studies under field conditions are required to test whether reduced irrigation can be applied as a management tool to mitigate adverse impacts of O3 on wheat yield.
The Bilinear Model Predictive Method-Based Motion Control System of an Underactuated Ship with an Uncertain Model in the Disturbance
Authors: Nguyen Huu-Quyen , Tran Anh-Dung , Nguyen Trong-Thang
Published: July 2019

Ship transportation plays an increasingly important role in and accounts for a large proportion of cargo transport. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of the trajectory control system of the ship for improving the transport efficiency and ensuring maritime safety. This paper deals with the advanced control system for the three-degrees-of-freedom model of the underactuated ship in the condition of uncertain disturbance. Based on the three-degrees-of-freedom model of the underactuated ship, the authors built a bilinear model of the ship by linearizing each nonlinear model section. Then, the authors used the state estimator to compensate for uncertain components and random disturbances in the model. Finally, the authors built the output-feedback predictive controller based on the channel-separation principle combined with direct observation of the continuous model for controlling the motion of the underactuated ship in the case of uncertain disturbance and the bound control signals. The result is that the movement quality of the underactuated ship is very good in the context of uncertain disturbance and bound control signals.
High-Speed Railway Intruding Object Image Generating with Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Guo Baoqing , Geng Gan , Zhu Liqiang , Shi Hongmei , Yu Zujun
Published: July 2019

Foreign object intrusion is a great threat to high-speed railway safety operations. Accurate foreign object intrusion detection is particularly important. As a result of the lack of intruding foreign object samples during the operational period, artificially generated ones will greatly benefit the development of the detection methods. In this paper, we propose a novel method to generate railway intruding object images based on an improved conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network (C-DCGAN). It consists of a generator and multi-scale discriminators. Loss function is also improved so as to generate samples with a high quality and authenticity. The generator is extracted in order to generate foreign object images from input semantic labels. We synthesize the generated objects to the railway scene. To make the generated objects more similar to real objects, on scale in different positions of a railway scene, a scale estimation algorithm based on the gauge constant is proposed. The experimental results on the railway intruding object dataset show that the proposed C-DCGAN model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods and achieves a higher quality (the pixel-wise accuracy, mean intersection-over-union (mIoU), and mean average precision (mAP) are 80.46%, 0.65, and 0.69, respectively) and diversity (the Fréchet-Inception Distance (FID) score is 26.87) of generated samples. The mIoU of the real-generated pedestrian pairs reaches 0.85, and indicates a higher scale of accuracy for the generated intruding objects in the railway scene.
Wireless Readout of Multiple SAW Temperature Sensors
Authors: Bruckner Gudrun , Bardong Jochen
Published: July 2019

It has since long been known that surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, resonators as well as delay lines, can be used as passive wireless sensors for physical quantities, like temperature and pressure, as well as gas sensors or identification-tags (ID-tags). The sensors are robust, work passively without a battery, can be applied at high temperatures, and provide a high resolution. Nevertheless, if the devices are used wirelessly in an industrial environment, several constraints have to be taken into account, especially when more than one quantity or device needs to be measured at the same time. The paper addresses the challenges that must be tackled when establishing multi-sensor-wireless-readout for industrial applications. Major issues here are the legal regulations for industrial, scientific and medical frequency bands (ISM-bands), as well as sampling time and costs, which impose severe restrictions to any system design. We describe several design approaches and their constraints. We successfully designed sensors based on reflective delay lines that allow the parallel readout of four independent temperature sensors in the 2.45 GHz ISM-band. These devices were fabricated and positively tested, demonstrating the applicability of SAW sensors for industrial applications.
Advances and Opportunities in Passive Wake-Up Radios with Wireless Energy Harvesting for the Internet of Things Applications
Authors: Bello Hilal , Xiaoping Zeng , Nordin Rosdiadee , Xin Jian
Published: July 2019

Wake-up radio is a promising approach to mitigate the problem of idle listening, which incurs additional power consumption for the Internet of Things (IoT) wireless transmission. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technique allows the wake-up radio to remain in a deep sleep and only become active after receiving an external RF signal to ‘wake-up’ the radio, thus eliminating necessary hardware and signal processing to perform idle listening, resulting in higher energy efficiency. This review paper focuses on cross-layer; physical and media access control (PHY and MAC) approaches on passive wake-up radio based on the previous works from the literature. First, an explanation of the circuit design and system architecture of the passive wake-up radios is presented. Afterward, the previous works on RF energy harvesting techniques and the existing passive wake-up radio hardware architectures available in the literature are surveyed and classified. An evaluation of the various MAC protocols utilized for the novel passive wake-up radio technologies is presented. Finally, the paper highlights the potential research opportunities and practical challenges related to the practical implementation of wake-up technology for future IoT applications.
Designing an Image Encryption Scheme Based on Compressive Sensing and Non-Uniform Quantization for Wireless Visual Sensor Networks
Authors: Shen Qian , Liu Wenbo , Lin Yi , Zhu Yongjun
Published: July 2019

Wireless visual sensor networks (WVSN) have been widely used to capture images in the fields of monitoring, intelligent transportation, and reconnaissance in recent years. Because of the wireless transmission mode and the huge amount of image data, major challenges in this application are frequent information stealing, big data problems, and harsh communication circumstances. Some encryption schemes based on compressive sensing (CS) and chaotic systems have been proposed to cope with these threats, but most of them are vulnerable against the chosen-plaintext attack (CPA). To remedy these defects, this paper designs a novel method based on non-uniform quantization (NQ). Then, in order to evaluate the true compression ratio (CR), our work takes into account limited data precision in cipher images, while most papers ignored this fact and calculated CR with the assumption of infinite data precision. Besides, to eliminate the periodic windows in the bifurcation diagram of the logistic map (LM), an optimized logistic map (OLM) is designed. Furthermore, simulation results prove that the performance of anti-jamming in the proposed cryptosystem is better than that in existing schemes under the condition of strong noise interference or severe data loss. In conclusion, the proposed method could improve the performance of security and anti-jamming for WVSN.
Performance Improvement of Time-Differenced Carrier Phase Measurement-Based Integrated GPS/INS Considering Noise Correlation
Authors: Kim Jungbeom , Kim Younsil , Song Junesol , Kim Donguk , Park Minhuck , Kee Changdon
Published: July 2019

In this study, we combined a time-differenced carrier phase (TDCP)-based global positioning system (GPS) with an inertial navigation system (INS) to form an integrated system that appropriately considers noise correlation. The TDCP-based navigation system can determine positions precisely based on high-quality carrier phase measurements without difficulty resolving integer ambiguity. Because the TDCP system contains current and previous information that violate the format of the conventional Kalman filter, a delayed state filter that considers the correlation between process and measurement noise is utilized to improve the accuracy and reliability of the TDCP-based GPS/INS. The results of a dynamic simulation and an experiment conducted to verify the efficacy of the proposed system indicate that it can achieve performance improvements of up to 70% and 60%, respectively, compared to the conventional algorithm.
Beacon-Related Parameters of Bluetooth Low Energy: Development of a Semi-Automatic System to Study Their Impact on Indoor Positioning Systems
Authors: de Blasio Gabriele Salvatore , Rodríguez-Rodríguez José Carlos , García Carmelo R. , Quesada-Arencibia Alexis
Published: July 2019

Indoor positioning systems (IPS) are used to locate people or objects in environments where the global positioning system (GPS) fails. The commitment to make bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology the leader in IPS and their applications is clear: Since 2009, the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) has released several improved versions. BLE offers many advantages for IPS, e.g., their emitters or beacons are easily deployable, have low power consumption, give a high positioning accuracy and can provide advanced services to users. Fingerprinting is a popular indoor positioning algorithm that is based on the received signal strength (RSS); however, its main drawbacks are that data collection is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process and its main challenge is that positioning accuracy is affected by various factors. The purpose of this work was to develop a semi-automatic data collection support system in a BLE fingerprinting-based IPS to: (1) Streamline and shorten the data collection process, (2) carry out impact studies by protocol and channel on the static positioning accuracy related to configuration parameters of the beacons, such as transmission power (Tx) and the advertising interval (A), and their number and geometric distribution. With two types of systems-on-chip (SoCs) integrated in Bluetooth 5 beacons and in two different environments, our results showed that on average in the three BLE advertising channels, the configuration of the highest Tx (+4 dBm) in the beacons produced the best accuracy results. However, the lowest Tx (−20 dBm) did not worsen them excessively (only 11.8%). In addition, in both scenarios, when lowering the density of beacons by around 42.7%–50%, the error increase was only around 8%–9.2%.
Interior Architectural Design for Adaptive Reuse in Application of Environmental Sustainability Principles
Authors: Celadyn Magdalena
Published: July 2019

The paper discusses an interior architectural design model to enable the accomplishment of sustainable design strategy of efficient resources/waste management. The proposed design concept, referred to as interior architectural design for adaptive reuse, is based on the reintroduction of reclaimed or salvaged building construction materials and products acquired from demolished or refurbished building structural portions, into the structure of interior components. The presented design approach puts circular design methods and techniques in interior design practice at the core of environmentally responsible architectural design. To achieve its objectives, the implementation of resources efficiency strategy into the interior design scheme should remain a decisive interior design quality criterion. Meanwhile, the issues related to the environmental contextualization of interior spaces and their constitutive components, in fulfilment of sustainable design requirements for the conservation of natural resources, are neither sufficiently recognized by interior designers, nor appropriately highlighted in the current design practice. The main purpose of this concept paper is to develop a theoretical scheme for systemic inclusion of interior architectural design for adaptive reuse into the environmentally sustainable interior architectural design framework. This study provides interior designers with the concept of interior components design for the fulfilment of resources efficiency and waste management effectiveness.
Between Industrialism and Postindustrialism—the Case of Small Towns in a Large Urban Region: The Katowice Conurbation, Poland
Authors: Krzysztofik Robert , Kantor-Pietraga Iwona , Kłosowski Franciszek
Published: July 2019

The socio-economic transformation of (post)mining towns takes different forms and follows varied pathways. This obvious fact acquires a different significance in a region that is a polycentric urban conurbation whose growth was based on coal mining and industry. Particularly as concerns small towns, which are a minority in it in terms of numbers. This paper attempts to present the issue based on the cases of two small towns, Lędziny and Radzionków, located in the Katowice conurbation in southern Poland. While having similar mining origins, the towns currently represent two radically different paths of economic development. Both mentioned towns are developing relatively well. However, certain threats to their growth are also revealed: social functional, environmental and even political. A closer inspection of both is important in that the two small towns are examples of two extremities in the region, between which other types of towns undergoing socio-economic transformation are situated. The selected examples also indicate that a small (post)mining town does not necessarily have to be ‘the place that don’t matter’. Additionally, an important conclusion is that despite many objective barriers, a small town in a mining region can follow a line of development based on the industry 4.0 concept.
Apport des stalagmites à la connaissance de l'évolution de l'environnement dans les alpes
Authors: Perrette Yves
Published: July 2019

Cette contribution présente les résultats publiés sur des stalagmites alpines qui couvrent l'Holocène. Les publications de McDermott et al. (1999) et de Mangini et al. (2005) illustrent à la fois l'intérêt et la complexité des enregistrements stalagmitiques. Ces deux études sont basées en premier lieu sur l 'utilisation du signal isotopique contenu dans les spéléothèmes â,80. La stalagmite de la Grotta di Ernesto (McDermott et al. 1999) couvre environ 10 ka et est interprétée comme un enregistrement de l'humidité. La concrétion de Spannagel Cave couvre 2000 ans et permet aux auteurs de modéliser l 'évolution de la température. Ensuite, les morphologies de croissance d 'une stalagmite du gouffre Berger permettent de proposer un enregistrement de l 'évolution de l 'excédent hydrique dans ce massif durant les 3000 dernières années. Cette série est croisée avec des analyses du rapport Mg/ Ca qui conduit à discuter le comportement atypique de ce karst de montagne où les débits les plus importants semblent correspondre aux temps de résidence les plus longs.
La séquence Tardiglaciaire-Holocène du Lac de Saint-Point (Jura, France) : dynamique de la végétation et évolution du détritisme
Authors: Leroux Aurélie , Bichet Vincent , Walter-Simonnet Anne-Véronique , Magny Michel , Adatte Thierry , Gauthier Emilie , Richard Hervé
Published: July 2019

A sediment sequence (SP05, 12.5 m long) was taken from the deep zone of the Lake Saint-Point (850 m a.s.l.). Sedimentological analyses highlight two main contrasted periods of sedimentation : the LGM/Late Glacial characterized by high silicates and quartz contain in sediment and the Holocene dominated by the carbonated fraction. At the beginning of the Holocene (11 400 cal. BP), sili¬ cate fraction flux abruptly decreased. The shift between the Late Glacial and the Holocene may be explained by forest development in the catchment area. From 10200 to 6800 cal. BP, silicate and detrital carbonate fractions became steady. They both progressively increased till 5 000 cal. BP. These increases can not be totally attributed to an anthropic impact since pollen data indicate a continuous anthropic activities only from 4000 cal. BP. They resulted from a dominant climatic control. From 5000 cal BP, silicates still increased whereas detrital carbonate input became steady due to a change in vegetation affecting the catchment. During the last millennium, silicate and detrital carbonate decreased probably due to pastureland development to the detriment of cereal cultivation.
Grandes séquences holocènes et discontinuités sédimentaires dans le delta du Rhône
Authors: Vella Claude , Fleury Thomas Jules , Gensous Bernard , Labaune Caroline , Tesson Michel
Published: July 2019

La quantification des séquences sédimentaires holocènes du delta du Rhône est obtenue par calcul d'accumulation verticale, par mesure de la progradation horizontale de la plaine deltaïque et estimation du volume total accumulé. Nous utilisons pour cela un ensemble de données : profils sismiques haute résolution réalisés sur la plate-forme interne, carottes sur la plaine deltaïque et cartographie géomorphologique à haute résolution chronologique des cordons littoraux. Les variations du stockage sédimentaire sont fortement contraintes par les forçages géomorphologiques (position des embouchures, variation du niveau marin relatif). Le calcul des volumes effectué sous-estime fortement le stockage sédimentaire si l 'on se réfère aux apports actuels. Cela est probablement lié au trop faible nombre de données carottées à terre, à l'incertaine corrélation des faciès sismiques et à la difficulté d'estimer la porosité des sédiments dans la colonne sédimentaire. La période 2800/2525 cal BP semble cependant clairement identifiée comme période de rapide stockage et progradation deltaïque et pourrait correspondre à la détérioration climatique du premier Age du fer identifiée ailleurs dans le bassin versant et en Europe. Cette tendance, moins marquée, se prolongera durant le second âge du Fer. L 'apparent fonctionnement antithétique du bassin versant durancien amont avec les apports sur le delta du Rhône est à noter, mais le caractère non exhaustif de la quantification de l 'accumulation sédimentaire sur le plateau continental interne laisse à l 'état d 'hypothèse cette observation.
Esquisse au charbon de bois des paysages d'altitude des Alpes du sud (France)
Authors: Talon Brigitte
Published: July 2019

Pedoanthracological analysis is based on the identification and dating of charcoal fragments buried in soil. This method makes it possible to reconstruct with high spatial accuracy the history of burnt ligneous vegetation. When applied to the uppermost belt of the southern inner French Alps, it allows us to reconstitute the landscape history related to human activities. All of the samples (thirty four) derived from the treeless belt between 1950 m and 2919 m provided charcoal fragments. The latter are the testimony to the role of burning episodes in the establishment of present vegetational structures. Anthracological analysis shows that the upper forest belt as a whole was colonized by arolla pine (Pinus cembra L.) and larch (Larix decidua Mill.) : up to 2400 m, forest communities were relatively closed and dominated by the arolla pine. Between 2400 m and 2700 m, plant communities consisted mainly of a Juniperus arid Ericaceae heath, with scattered arolla pines and larches : the treeline reached 2700 m. Results show that the upper forest limit was about 500 m higher than today. Charcoal datings ranging from 5 000 BC to present demonstrate that agro-pastoral activities are responsible for vegetation changes and landscape structures. The present upper forest belt is the consequence of both human activities and climatic conditions.
Trois petits karsts des Pyrénées occidentales, Col d' Aran, Arrioutort et Artigaléou, Pyrénées-Atlantiques et Hautes-Pyrénées
Authors: Bigot Jean-Yves
Published: July 2019

A partir de l'étude de trois petits karsts des Pyrénées occidentales (Col d'Aran, Arrioutort et Artigaléou), il a été possible de reconstituer l'évolution géomorphologique externe de ce secteur. La reconnaissance et l 'interprétation des phénomènes souterrains ont également permis de confirmer ou d 'infirmer les conclusions tirées de l 'observation des paysages.

Le gouffre du col d 'Aran (Bielle) s 'ouvre à l 'extrême amont de la vallée d'Aran, laquelle est drainée par la vallée d 'Aspe située à l'ouest. Le bassin d'alimentation du gouffre a été amputé par un ruisseau conquérant, affluent du gave d'Ossau situé à l'est. Ce gouffre, qui présente tous les attributs d 'une ancienne perte, se trouve ainsi privé de bassin versant. La vallée d 'Aran, orientée E-0 et suspendue par rapport aux vallées environnantes, correspond à un stade hérité de phases plus anciennes.

La formation des gouffres d 'Arrioutort (Laruns) est étroitement liée au décapage d'une couverture de schistes, dont le retrait a entraîné l 'abandon de certains gouffres, situés plus aval, au profit de ceux situés plus amont. Concomitamment, l 'évolution des versants abrupts de la montagne tend à faire disparaître les phénomènes karstiques fossiles situés plus en aval. Ainsi, les pertes actives évoluent-elles avec le recul de la couverture, tandis que les gouffres plus anciens disparaissent avec l 'érosion des versants.

Les galeries étagées du gouffre d 'Artigaléou (Esparros) évoquent une situation ancienne du niveau de base en total décalage avec le paysage actuel dont le niveau de base est celui de l'Arros (510 m), situé 400 m en contrebas du gouffre étudié. L'enfoncement rapide du réseau hydrographique a entraîné l 'assèchement progressif du Riou Serbi dans la coume de l 'Homme Mort, orientée N-S, et le développement des galeries du gouffre d 'Artigaléou, orientées E-O. Ces galeries, qui s 'étagent de 890 à 870 m d 'altitude, drainaient les eaux vers l 'Arros situé à 850 m environ. Enfin, une nouvelle vague d 'érosion régressive a entraîné l'approfondissement de la vallée de l 'Arros. La concurrence entre les rivières coulant du sud au nord aboutit à une hiérarchisation des drains et à des captures, comme celle du riou Serbi qui a permis à l 'Arros d'étendre son bassin.

Cette vague d 'érosion n 'a toutefois pas affecté les cavités et le relief hérité d 'Artigaléou qui restent déconnectés du réseau hydrographique actuel.
Contribution à l'étude de la genèse des réseaux endokarstiques charentais : l'exemple de la grotte du Bois du Clos, Charente, France
Authors: Dandurand Grégory
Published: July 2019

This paper results from the first part of the research for a PhD thesis. The subject is more general and aims at studying the environmental signal recording from subterranean sediments until the last climatic cycle. Karstic infillings are great past and present environmental indicators. In fact, they are well protected from meteoric alteration and thus have conserved environmental, climatic and/or anthropic information.

The aim of this lecture is to present the first elements about speleogenesis within the morphogenesis context and a sedimentogenetical relative chronology of the Bois du Clos cave. This cave presents a great variety of karstic infillings (La Boue room). It is opening in the southern part of the Braconne forest plateau. This zone is situated in the karst of La Rochefoucauld, developed on the upper Jurassic oolithic fractured limestone. This zone is very interesting because of the contact between the lower plateau of the Angou-mois and the Massif Central. It begins on its eastern limit as the crystalline bedrock plunges westwards under the carbonate rocks. It is limited on the western side as the carbonate rocks are buried under marlier carbonates and impervious Cretaceous formations. According to a multi-scale morphological observation and to the description of the karstic infillings description we propose a new approach to the Charente 's network speleogenesis. 1/ "Ghost rock" alteration signs are numerous. The labyrinthic plan, the morphology of the galleries and the labyrinthine network show a slow karstification, probably during the Jurassic period, and then an evacuation of the alteration products during the lower Cretaceous and the Tertiary emersions. 2/ Diversity of speleothems and detritic infillings allow us to collect data about climatic and environmental changes and palaeo-hydrological mechanisms. 3/ The speleogenesis can be divided into five phases : a-an old alteration phase by ghost rock karstification ; b-a sinking phase of the subterrean networks because of a low marin level ; c-more recently, the galleries are partially flooded due to the elevation of the aquifer ; d-a strong emptying phase : some of the clay is evacuated in the Boue room ; e-the first drainage phase can be dated thanks to the first generation of speleothems.
Approche fractale du karst des Grands Causses, Massif Central, France
Authors: Martin Philippe
Published: July 2019

Six regions (3 big limestone plateaus : Sauveterre, Méjean, Noir and 3 valleys : Lot, Tarn, Jonte) of the sedimentary basin of Grands Causses are analyzed.

This article is a part of a research. This research tries to revalue the respective importance of chronological paradigm and the spatial paradigm in the geomorphology. Naturalist s method must be gradually replaced by the construction of a theory deducted from universal principles.

The fractal dimension (Ap) of all the contour lines is calculated by using the relation : S vs PA. Valleys have contour lines more irregular than those of the big limestone plateaus.

A rectilinear relation appears between the height of these curves and the value of Δp. For the Lot, the Sauveterre and the Tarn when the height increases Ap decrease. For the Lot, the Sauveterre and the Tarn when the height increases Ap increase. These two relations correspond to 2 types of morphogenesis. The relation between the height and the fractal dimension thus appears as sturdy and frequents.

The S vs P relation is curved in the case of Jonte. This curvature can be modeled by a polynomial relation of the second degree like : y = ax2 + bx + c.

The curvature can then enter in a calculation (g) to balance the value of Δp : g = l/(Δp/(Cc x b) ; Cc is the coefficient of curvature and Ce = a in ax2 and b = b in bx.

The relation enters -g-and the height for the Jonte valley becomes very good (r2 = 0.87)). This shows that AP is not sufficient information because contour lines are covariant, not self-similar.
Entre karstologie fondamentale et appliquée : l'étude de classement du site de Choranche/les Coulmes,Vercors, France
Authors: Hobléa Fabien , Delannoy Jean-Jacques , Gauchon Christophe , Hacquard Sébastien , Jaillet Stéphane , Ployon Estelle
Published: July 2019

En 2005, le ministère français de l'Environnement dépose un dossier d'inscription au Patrimoine Mondial de l 'UNESCO d'un ensemble de 18 cavités réputées pour leurs concrétionnements exceptionnels. Parmi ces minéralisations figurent les fistuleuses des grottes de Choranche dans le Vercors, aménagées pour la visite touristique. Les biens susceptibles d 'être inscrits au Patrimoine Mondial devant faire l 'objet d 'un niveau de protection national, l'Etat français a engagé une procédure de classement des grottes de Choranche, tréfonds et surface, au titre de la loi sur les sites de 1930. L'élaboration du dossier de classement a été confié au laboratoire EDYTEM qui a démarré l 'étude en janvier 2006. Celle-ci comprend un inventaire et une évaluation des patrimoines du plateau des Coulmes et du système karstique dans lesquels s 'insèrent les grottes de Choranche. Elle débouche sur une proposition de périmètre de classement défini selon des critères scientifiques, débattu avec les différents acteurs locaux concernés dans le cadre d 'une procédure de concertation aboutissant à la réalisation d 'un cahier de gestion du site classé. Ce type d 'étude de karstologie appliquée à la protection et à la gestion des sites repose sur un lien étroit avec la recherche karstologique fondamentale, qui la précède et la fonde. Elle s 'en démarque cependant par le fait que son issue dépend fortement des contingences relatives au contexte humain, induisant une dialectique entre recherche fondamentale et appliquée qui constitue pour le karstologue un nouveau champ de réflexion conceptuelle et méthodologique.
Le fonctionnement hydrogéologique du massif de Migaria, Caucase, Géorgie
Authors: Vanara Nathalie , Gorgeon Jean-Michel
Published: July 2019

The last few years, several French scientific expeditions went to Migaria mountains (Georgia, Caucasus) to help define more accurately the geographical knowledge eventually inherited from the Soviet organization. The Migaria mountains are located on the western south face of Caucasus where hydrogeology is mostly under climate influence. Pouring rains coming from the Black sea meet the strongly marked relief : a central syncline bordered by western and eastern monoclines and by an anticline at south. The geomorphology is characterized by advanced karst in mid-range mountain. We noted the large variability of the physical and chemical water parameters with their dilution operating conditions. Coloration in the Velours swallowhole shows that the biggest emergence of the mountain (Ndeidzakhi) is under command of the Central syncline.
Le lobe glaciaire lyonnais au maximum würmien : glacier du Rhône ou/et glaciers savoyards ?
Authors: Coutterand Sylvain , Schoeneich Philippe , Nicoud Gérard
Published: July 2019

Après plus d 'un siècle d 'études du Quaternaire de la région lyonnaise, il était communément admis d 'assimiler le lobe de piémont lyonnais au glacier du Rhône. Aujourd'hui, de nouvelles données remettent en cause cette vision traditionnelle. S 'appuyant sur différentes méthodes d 'analyses glaciologiques et pétrographiques et sur une reconstitution paléogéographique précise, cette étude démontre que les glaces iséroises issues du sillon alpin étaient majoritairement responsables de l'alimentation du lobe de piémont lyonnais.
Étude des fluctuations glaciaires du Petit Âge de Glace dans le Massif des Écrins : apports de la lichénometrie
Authors: Le Roy Melaine , Deline Philip
Published: July 2019

Lichenometry is a dating method widely used to study Little Ice Age (LIA) glacial fluctuations in many arctic and alpine mountainous areas where historical data are sparse. In the Alps, very few studies have attempted to use lichenometry because of the more reliable nature of archive documents and dendroglaciological investigations, and because of the lichen growth pattern under mid-latitude climate. Despite of these limitations, lichenometry remains the unique tool to build a LIA glacial chronology for regions like the Massif des Ecrins, where other dating methods are unsuitable.

A growth curve for Rhizocarpon subgenus Rhizocarpon built in the Veneon valley allowed us (i) to date late LIA and contemporary retreat glacial deposits with a good accuracy (± 5-25 years), and (ii) to propose two scenarii for older deposits formation. Over the most recent period, results have been compared with available historical evidence. The methodological problems encountered have also been discussed.
La dendroglaciologie, ou l'apport de l'étude des cernes d'arbres pour la reconstitution des fluctuations glaciaires holocènes
Authors: Le Roy Melaine , Astrade Laurent , Edouard Jean-Louis , Miramont Cécile , Deline Philip
Published: July 2019

La dendroglaciologie est l'un des champs de la dendrochronologie qui s'applique à la reconstitution des fluctuations glaciaires en analysant le signal climatique et/ou géomorphologique contenu dans les cernes de croissance des arbres. Son utilisation est devenue courante aujourd 'hui pour dater les récurrences glaciaires dans les régions où les glaciers ont pénétré des secteurs boisés lors des péjorations climatiques de l 'Holocène. L 'intérêt majeur de cette méthode est de permettre une meilleure résolution (annuelle dans des conditions favorables) que les autres méthodes de datation utilisées sur la période holocène.

Nous présentons ici une revue des différentes méthodes utilisées en dendroglaciologie à partir d 'exemples pris dans la littérature ; une attention particulière est portée aux travaux effectués dans la région alpine.
Le permafrost de haute montagne
Authors: Gruber Stephan
Published: July 2019

Les aléas naturels engendrés par la dégradation du permafrost dans les montagnes densément peuplées ainsi que le rôle du permafrost dans l'évolution du modelé de montagne expliquent que le permafrost de montagne est un objet de recherche à la fois important et fascinant. Les montagnes constituent une part importante des continents et des régions de permafrost. Outre les chaînes de montagne des latitudes moyennes, une grande partie du permafrost de l 'Arctique et l 'Antarctique est soumise à des processus caractéristiques du permafrost de haute montagne. Cet article propose un aperçu des faits, concepts et termes les plus importants qui concernent le permafrost de montagne, puis présente les effets possibles du changement climatique sur celui-ci. Il fournit également une base qui permet d'aborder une littérature scientifique qui est essentiellement écrite en anglais.
L'Aiguille du Midi (massif du Mont Blanc) : un site remarquable pour l'étude du permafrost des parois d'altitude
Authors: Deline Philip , Coviello Velio , Cremonese Edoardo , Gruber Stephan , Krautblatter Michael , Jaillet Stéphane , Malet Emmanuel , Morra di Cella Umberto , Noetzli Jeannette , Pogliotti Paolo , Rabatel Antoine , Ravanel Ludovic , Sadier Benjamin , Verleysdonk Sarah
Published: July 2019

Le permafrost et ses modifications dans les parois rocheuses de haute montagne restent insuffisamment compris, en particulier du fait de la rareté des sites instrumentés. D 'où l 'intérêt de développer des recherches à l 'Aiguille du Midi (3842 m), aux expositions et pentes variées, et dont les parois et galeries sont accessibles toute l 'année. Dans le cadre du projet PermaNET, nous y suivons le régime thermique dans la roche, (i) avec 9 capteurs à un ou trois thermistors implantés jusqu 'à 55 cm de profondeur ; (ii) par tomographic électrique résistive, sur la base de la relation température/résistivité du granite local ; (iii) par thermographie infrarouge sur les parois. Ces mesures sont complétées par deux stations météo automatiques mobiles, tandis qu 'il est prévu l 'installation de chaînes de thermistors d'une dizaine de mètres de profondeur. Ces données seront utilisées pour valider des modèles physiques ou construire des modèles statistiques de la distribution de la température de la roche et sa variabilité. Par ailleurs, un MNT à haute résolution réalisé à l 'aide de laserscans terrestres longue et courte portées (pour les parois et dans les galeries respectivement) servira de support à la modélisation numérique (i) de la fracturation de la roche et de la circulation d'eau dans les fractures non saturées ; (ii) de la distribution 3D et de l 'évolution des températures de subsurface. Enfin, le suivi de la face SE de l 'Arête des Cosmiques et du Pilastre SE à l 'aide d 'un laserscan terrestre longue portée complète des datations cosmogéniques sur certaines parois pour documenter la morphodynamique passée et actuelle du site.