bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review of the Premises Underlying Korea's Nuclear Energy Policy
Authors: Yun Kyungjun
Published: January 2016

Since the 1970s, Korea, the world's 5th largest producer of nuclear electricity, has consistently made efforts to expand its nuclear power capacities to meet the nation's electricity demands. This study critically examines four premises underlying Korea's nuclear energy policy, and argues that these premises are not sufficiently concrete to guide Korea's national energy policy. First, the hidden and social costs of nuclear energy, combined with the rapid growth and development of renewable energy technologies, will undermine the economic competitiveness of nuclear energy in the near future; at that point, nuclear reactors, especially recently constructed ones, could become dangerous and expensive legacies of an obsolete technology. Second, the possibility that nuclear energy can mitigate climate change has been exaggerated. The maintenance of over 430 nuclear plants to offset 4% of contribution of world greenhouse gases (GHGs) is disputable, considering the availability of more promising and safer alternatives for addressing climate change issues. Third, electricity consumption per capita in Korea is excessive and inefficient as compared with consumption levels in most major economies, a phenomenon which is closely related to the electricity price in Korea, which is one of the cheapest in the world. Planning for nuclear expansion without consideration of this demand-side problem, which includes the price point, is hardly helpful for responding to energy security or climate change issues. Lastly, considering that the global contribution of nuclear energy to electricity production is decreasing, and that nuclear energy may be edged out by renewables in the long term, a nuclear renaissance may never materialize. Korea will not be able to export 80 reactors by the year 2030, even though a few countries will be constructing nuclear reactors for some time to come. Naturally, the nuclear industry is not sufficiently promising for Korea to adopt to fuel economic growth. The message raised by all of the above points is clear: new reactor construction is not desirable in Korea, and the older reactors already in operation need to be gradually decommissioned and replaced with more promising alternatives, including demand-side controls (e.g., energy price adjustments and energy conservation), alternative fuel mix, and the expansion of renewable energy use.
Expert Coaches' Perceptions of Athlete Performance Optimization
Authors: Tracey Jill , Elcombe Tim
Published: January 2016

The purpose of the study was to engage expert coaches in a reflective process exploring their perceptions of distinguishing features of athletes they consider optimal performers. Fifteen national and/or Olympic level coaches were interviewed. Developed through a content analysis of the data, elite coach descriptions provided a preliminary profile of elite athlete performance optimization centred on five main themes: a rational approach to training and performance; exhibiting sustained passion and commitment to details; ownership of the elite athletic experience; embracing challenge and complexity of elite athletic contexts; and employing a big (moral) picture view of sport and life. Discussion focuses on highlighting the features of performance optimizing athletes using the proposed concept of ‘mature competitiveness’.
Knowledge Translation of Sport Psychology to Coaches: Coaches' Use of Online Resources
Authors: Pope J. Paige , Stewart Nicole Westlund , Law Barbi , Hall Craig R. , Gregg Melanie J. , Robertson Rebecca
Published: January 2016

Knowledge translation is an essential component of the research process. The purpose of this study was to examine the content of the information coaches attain from online sport psychology resources and their use of this information. This study also investigated differences in coaches' use of online resources across experience, certification, and competitive level of the coaches. Participants included 253 ( n males= 183; n females= 69) coaches averaging 13.6 years of coaching experience who varied considerably in the sport, income level, competitive level, and age of the athletes they coached. Results demonstrated that coaches currently get information from online sport psychology resources “a few times per year”, but would get it “once per month” if more accessible and credible resources were available. The study findings also indicated that coaches primarily get general information related to sport psychology from online resources, but would be interested in applied information such as sport psychology tips, skills/strategies, and how to implement sport psychology with their athletes.
Préface
Authors: Sfoini Alexandra
Published: January 2016

Transferts culturels et traduction (XVIIIe-XXe siècles)
Byzantine Turns in Modern Greek Thought and Historiography, 1767-1874
Authors: Kostantaras Dean
Published: January 2016

This article examines representations of Byzantium in Modern Greek historical
thought, from the first translation (1767) of the Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae to
the publication of Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos’ complete Ἱστορία τοῦ Ἑλληνικού Ἔθνους
[History of the Greek nation (1860-1874)]. In doing so, it reassesses conventions, especially
prevalent in English-language works, regarding the range and complexity of endeavors in
this vein. Developments in European thought are used throughout as a vantage point, as
they represent a contingency of great importance for any assessment of Greek attitudes
toward the past. However, these influences did not always point in one direction; a factor
which, in tandem with local generational and ideological divisions, helps to explain the
diverse perspectives on Byzantium in Greek works from the period under review.
From where to what: a neuroanatomically based evolutionary model of the emergence of speech in humans
Authors: Poliva Oren
Published: January 2016

In the brain of primates, the auditory cortex connects with the frontal lobe via the temporal pole (auditory ventral stream; AVS) and via the inferior parietal lobe (auditory dorsal stream; ADS). The AVS is responsible for sound recognition, and the ADS for sound-localization, voice detection and integration of calls with faces. I propose that the primary role of the ADS in non-human primates is the detection and response to contact calls. These calls are exchanged between tribe members (e.g., mother-offspring) and are used for monitoring location. Detection of contact calls occurs by the ADS identifying a voice, localizing it, and verifying that the corresponding face is out of sight. Once a contact call is detected, the primate produces a contact call in return via descending connections from the frontal lobe to a network of limbic and brainstem regions.

Because the ADS of present day humans also performs speech production, I further propose an evolutionary course for the transition from contact call exchange to an early form of speech. In accordance with this model, structural changes to the ADS endowed early members of the genusHomowith partial vocal control. This development was beneficial as it enabled offspring to modify their contact calls with intonations for signaling high or low levels of distress to their mother. Eventually, individuals were capable of participating in yes-no question-answer conversations. In these conversations the offspring emitted a low-level distress call for inquiring about the safety of objects (e.g., food), and his/her mother responded with a high- or low-level distress call to signal approval or disapproval of the interaction. Gradually, the ADS and its connections with brainstem motor regions became more robust and vocal control became more volitional. Speech emerged once vocal control was sufficient for inventing novel calls.
A novel data storage logic in the cloud
Authors: Mátyás Bence , Szarka Máté , Járvás Gábor , Kusper Gábor , Argay István
Published: January 2016

Databases which store and manage long-term scientific information related to life science are used to store huge amounts of quantitative attributes. Introduction of a new entity attribute requires modification of the existing data tables and the programs that use these data tables. The solution is increasing the virtual data tables while the number of screens remains the same. The main objective of the present study was to introduce a logic called Joker Tao (JT) which provides universal data storage for cloud-based databases. It means all types of input data can be interpreted as an entity and attribute at the same time, in the same data table.
Theoretical Bases and Technologies of Educational Standards Development
Authors: ������������  , Krasnoperova V. , �������  , Moshnina R. , ��������  , Batyreva Svetlana , �������  , Khilenko T.
Published: January 2016

The article is devoted to the problem of continuous education and free promotion specialist in professional activities on the basis of ensuring maximum fl exibility and diversity of forms of additional professional education. The proposed model is universal and can be used during the implementation of distance learning courses on various subjects for various categories of teachers. This article is important due to the relevance and legitimacy of the distance form of advanced training, where students get professionally-relevant skills together with training to test and apply in practice.
Studying Borrowed Vocabulary on the Textual Basis Within the Russian Language School Course As Means for Achieving Personal, Meta-Subject and Subject Training Outcomes: the Shaping Experiment Results
Authors: �������  , Glebova Z.
Published: January 2016

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of working with a borrowed vocabulary in a school course of Russian language in the light of new requirements

to the results of the students represented in the Federal State Educational Standard. Modular system of lessons on text-based studying of foreign words,

focused on the achievements of the students� personality, metasubject and substantive results is described. Modules include lessons on study loans in

line with the linguistic-cultural approach which proposes going through the analysis of language phenomena on the level of culture and promotes

awareness of students of language as one of the major national cultural values, understanding of the relationship of language and history of the people,

as well as adequate assessment of pupils foreign words, their place and role in the modern Russian language. The program of experiential learning for

students for the implementation of a modular system of culture-oriented lessons for the study of loanwords is presented. The author gives the data of

forming experiment.
Discrete Optimization with Decision Diagrams
Authors: Bergman David , Cire Andre A. , van Hoeve Willem-Jan , Hooker J. N.
Published: January 2016

We propose a general branch-and-bound algorithm for discrete optimization in which binary decision diagrams (BDDs) play the role of the traditional linear programming relaxation. In particular, relaxed BDD representations of the problem provide bounds and guidance for branching, and restricted BDDs supply a primal heuristic. Each problem is given a dynamic programming model that allows one to exploit recursive structure, even though the problem is not solved by dynamic programming. A novel search scheme branches within relaxed BDDs rather than on values of variables. Preliminary testing shows that a rudimentary BDD-based solver is competitive with or superior to a leading commercial integer programming solver for the maximum stable set problem, the maximum cut problem on a graph, and the maximum 2-satisfiability problem. Specific to the maximum cut problem, we tested the BDD-based solver on a classical benchmark set and identified tighter relaxation bounds than have ever been found by any technique, nearly closing the entire optimality gap on four large-scale instances.
Competitive Targeted Advertising with Price Discrimination
Authors: Esteves Rosa-Branca , Resende Joana
Published: January 2016

This paper examines how firms should allocate their advertising budgets between consumers who have a high preference for their products (i.e., strong segment) and those who prefer competing products (i.e., weak segment). Targeted advertising transmits relevant information to otherwise uninformed consumers and it is used as a price discrimination device. With targeted advertising and price discrimination, we find that, when the attractiveness of the weak segment is low, each firm advertises more intensively in its strong segment. The same result arises when the attractiveness of the weak segment is high and advertising is sufficiently expensive. Interestingly, when the attractiveness of the weak segment is high but advertising costs are sufficiently low, it is optimal for each firm to advertise more intensively in its weak segment. The paper also investigates how advertising strategies and equilibrium profits are affected by price discrimination. Compared with uniform pricing, firms can increase or reduce the intensity of advertising targeted to each segment when price discrimination is allowed. Furthermore, when the attractiveness of the weak market is high, price discrimination boosts firms’ profits provided that advertising costs are sufficiently low. The reverse happens when advertising costs are high.
Old Age and the Decline in Financial Literacy
Authors: Finke Michael S. , Howe John S. , Huston Sandra J.
Published: January 2016

Households age 60 and older bear increasing responsibility for managing retirement portfolios, and they hold the majority of financial assets in the United States. Cognitive aging studies find evidence of a decline in fluid and crystallized intelligence in old age that may impact the ability to manage money effectively. Using a large sample of older respondents, we test whether knowledge of basic concepts essential to effective financial choice declines after age 60. We find a consistent linear decline in financial literacy score after age 60. A nearly identical rate of decline among men, stockowners, older, and college-educated respondents indicates that cohort effects are not driving the results. Confidence in financial decision-making abilities does not decline with age. A separate analysis using data that include measures of cognitive ability suggests that a natural decline in both fluid and crystallized intelligence in old age contributes to falling financial literacy scores.

This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
Plant Diversity and Floristic Composition of Three Forest Types in Mata Vaishno Devi Forest of Jammu and Kashmir, Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Koul A. R. , Chauhan D. S. , Todaria N. P.
Published: January 2016

An investigation was carried out to study the plant diversity and floristic composition on three forest types namely, mixed - broadleaved forest (800-1000m), Pinus roxburghii forest (1400-1600m) and Quercus leucotrichophora forest (2000-2200m) in Mata Vaishno Devi forest of J and K, Western Himalaya. Total 58 families, 102 genera and 116 species were recorded in three forests along the altitudes. Mixed- broadleaved forest represented a total of 29 families with 42 genera and 48 species. Pinus roxburghii forest was comprised of 30 families with 44 genera and 45 species while Quercus leucotrichophora forest also represented 30 families with 41 genera and 42 species. It revealed almost similar number of families and genera with little variation in number of species at different forests along altitudes. Cassia fistula, Acacia catechu, Acacia modesta, Bauhinia variegata, and Dalbergia sissoo were the dominant tree species in mixed- broadleaved forest at lower altitude, Pinus roxburghii and Bauhinia variegata were dominant in Pinus roxburghii forest at middle altitude and Quercus leucotrichophora, and Rhododendron arboreum were the dominant tree species in Quercus leucotrichophora forest at upper altitude. Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiacaea, Mimosaceae, Rosaceae, Urticaceae were the dominant families which were present in all the forest types along altitudes. Maximum numbers of species were characterized by clumped distribution. Stand density was higher in Pinus roxburghii forest whereas richness and diversity were higher in the mixed-broadleaf forests.
Pollen Analysis and Environment
Authors: V. Ukraintseva Valentina , B. Kultin Nikita
Published: January 2016

As well known pollen analysis method is using widely in different fields of knowledge, including of geology. In this paper authors has introduced an absolutely new criterion–Similarity Index (SI) for assessment of fossil spore-pollen spectra. The use of the SI enables us to make a reliable assessment of fossil spore-pollen spectra and, consequently, to make a correlation of deposits, containing them, therefore providing for more reliable palaeofloristics, phytostratigraphic evidence, reconstruction of change of environment in time and in space. It would be showed, that the using of this index let us to brush up the technique of pollen analysis method at nowadays level and thus will give to this important method a new very fruitful way in different fields of knowledge of natural sciences.
Forest Products Industry in a Digital Age: Factors Affecting Social Media Adoption
Authors: Gazal Kathryn , Montague Iris , Poudel Rajendra , Wiedenbeck Jan
Published: January 2016

The use of social media as a marketing tool has increased significantly in recent years. However, limited information is available regarding social media use in the US forest products industry or social media adoption at the organizational level, especially within the business-to-business context. This study presents part two of a two-part series of articles that look at the forest products industry in the digital age. A mail survey was conducted in 2013 to examine factors affecting the use of social media in the US forest products industry. This article also looks at the perception of forest products companies regarding social media effectiveness and identifies challenges faced by the forest products companies regarding social media use. Results show that close to 58 percent of respondents currently use some form of social media. The most common social media tool implemented was Facebook. Respondents' adoption of social media was influenced by company age, net sales revenue, product type, Web site content, perceived importance of e-commerce, and perceived ease of use of social media as a marketing tool. About 94 percent of the respondents thought that social media was an effective tool for marketing. Although no major concerns were expressed regarding the use of social media, there was some concern about generating the return on investment to cover the costs associated with social media use. The information collected from this study can be used in assisting the forest products industry in understanding the world of social media marketing and developing an effective social media marketing strategy.
Ensayo de un método de análisis de variabilidad formal aplicado al Tipo B7 del horizonte del Bronce Final de Peña Negra (850-675 AC)
Authors: González Prats Alfredo
Published: January 2016

Presentamos un método de análisis de variabilidad tipológica de los cuencos y cazuelas carenados de Peña Negra I, atendiendo a la forma completa («factores primarios ») y, en su defecto, a las diferencias en la inclinación, grosor y delineación del borde y modo de desarrollarse la carena («factores secundarios»). La finalidad que se persigue es tanto establecer una pauta tipológica con que operar en el futuro, como lograr detectar alguna variante significativa con posible valor cultural o cronológico. Algunos de estos caracteres tipológicos nos conducen a realizar una rápida panorámica de los posibles precedentes y de sus relaciones con otras áreas peninsulares.
Estratigrafía del sector 5-F de La Alcudia de Elche
Authors: Ramos Fernández Rafael
Published: January 2016

Las últimas campañas de excavación en La Alcudia de Elche (Alicante) han proporcionado una interesante estratigrafía desde la época preibérica hasta la visigótica, que confirma los estudios ya realizados con anterioridad.
Panorama de la arqueología medieval de los valles alto y medio del Vinalopó (Alicante)
Authors: Azuar Ruiz Rafael
Published: January 2016

Recogemos en este trabajo los datos proporcionados por los castillos de la zona y los poblados medievales en vías de excavación o prospección, complementados con los resultados obtenidos de la consulta sucinta de los conjuntos cerámicos aportados por dichos yacimientos. De ello se desprende, provisionalmente, la existencia de una islamización tardía de la zona en los siglos XI y XII, ya que para la época propiamente califal (s. X) sólo hemos detectado un control militar del área por medio de determinados castillos a gran altura, totalmente desconectados culturalmente con los poblados, de marcada tradición tardorromana. La conquista cristiana (s. XIII) determinó una gran ruptura cultural con el período anterior, apreciable en la casi total desaparición de técnicas y formas cerámicas propias de la cultura material musulmana.
Estudio preliminar sobre las ánforas romanas del Portus Illicitanus
Authors: Sánchez Fernández María José , Lobregad Collado María Teresa
Published: January 2016

En este trabajo se anticipan algunos datos, referidos al estudio de un grupo significativo, que forma parte de un amplio conjunto de ánforas halladas en el curso de las últimas campañas de excavaciones (1982-83) realizadas en el Portus Illicitanus. Se trata de un material que presenta una extensa cronología (siglos I al V), con unas formas representadas en la tipología de Dressel, que abarcan las familias Dr. 2-4 de asa bífida para transporte de vino; Dr. 7-11 destinadas al transporte de salsas de pescado, olearias Dr. 20, africanas y Almagro 51 entre otras, como formas más representativas numéricamente. Su estudio y clasificación permiten obtener los primeros datos sobre el tráfico marítimo mediterráneo de este sector costero, en época romana, así como su incidencia en el comercio de la época.
Arcos romanos en el País Valenciano: los testimonios epigráficos
Authors: Abad Casal Lorenzo
Published: January 2016

Varias inscripciones de Castellón y Alicante en las que se menciona la palabra arcum permiten suponer la existencia de al menos dos arcos honorarios, construidos por particulares en recuerdo de allegados fallecidos.
Los cognomina de parentesco en la Península Ibérica. A propósito del influjo romanizador en la onomástica
Authors: Abascal Palazón Juan Manuel
Published: January 2016

El objeto de este artículo es analizar la forma en que los cognomina de parentesco se introducen en la onomástica hispana. Se trabaja sobre datos cuantitativos y se pretende extrapolar una serie de características sobre status y grado de romanización, que se hacen visibles en la mayor parte de los individuos que poseen este tipo de cognomina. Asimismo, el análisis temporal de la dispersión permite sugerir las posibles zonas de irradiación y los motivos por los que ésta se produce.
Los ídolos oculados sobre huesos largos del enterramiento de El Fontanal (Onil, Alicante)
Authors: Soler Díaz Jorge A.
Published: January 2016

Se presentan catorce ídolos oculados sobre hueso largo, procedentes del yacimiento de El Fontanal (Onil, Alicante), depositados en el Museo Arqueológico Provincial de Alicante. Están pintados en dos tonos de color ocre con una decoración en la que destacan bandas de disposición horizontal y un par de «ojos». Se realizan, asimismo, algunas consideraciones sobre este tipo de ídolos en el País Valenciano.
Limpieza y restauración electroquímica de objetos arqueológicos metálicos
Authors: España Guisolphe Tomás , Montiel Leguey Vicente , López Segura Marcelo , Aldaz Riera Antonio
Published: January 2016

El presente estudio pone de manifiesto la aplicabilidad de los métodos electroquímicos a la limpieza y restauración de monedas y piezas metálicas que proceden de yacimientos arqueológicos. Se hace una descripción de los métodos electroquímicos utilizados y una comparación con los métodos habituales de limpieza.
Inscripciones romanas de la provincia de Alicante
Authors: Rabanal Alonso Manuel Abilio , Abascal Palazón Juan Manuel
Published: January 2016

El conjunto de inscripciones romanas conocidas hasta el presente en la provincia de Alicante comprende 107 textos, repartidos de forma desigual pero con una notable concentración en los principales núcleos romanos conocidos por las fuentes. Un gran número de testimonios son inéditos, y en otros se han corregido lecturas antiguas o se han completado zonas de difícil lectura. El conjunto permite rastrear la estructura social y las instituciones de los municipios y colonias romanas de la actual provincia de Alicante, dentro del marco de su posición geográfica y considerando su relativa cercanía a otros importantes focos de la costa de la Tarraconense.
La epigrafía y el entorno arqueológico de la villa romana de Gárgoles de Arriba (Guadalajara)
Authors: Sánchez-Lafuente Pérez Jorge
Published: January 2016

Procedente de las excavaciones practicadas sistemáticamente entre 1974-1985 y de trabajos de fines del siglo XIX, han aparecido en la villa y probablemente mansio de Gárgoles de Arriba un total de cinco epígrafes: un miliario, hoy desaparecido, y cuatro inscripciones funerarias; en dos de ellas, se hace referencia a dos miembros de las gentilidades de los Abriquenses y Letones. En el análisis espacial de entorno arqueológico se pone de manifiesto el distanciamiento relativo de los otros habitats del valle y su posible preeminencia sobre la villa de Gárgoles de Arriba, al encontrarse aquéllos vinculados directamente al cauce del río Tajo. Se señala que su aislamiento hace defendible la idea de una concentración de terrenos en torno a la misma villa de Gárgoles de Arriba, que describen no otra cosa que una explotación de latifundium.
Una copa Drag. 27 con grafitos procedente de Huete (Cuenca)
Authors: Galiana Botella María Francia , Ramos Sáinz María Luisa
Published: January 2016

Presentamos una copa Drag. 27 cuyas particularidades en cuanto a tamaño, grafitos y sello de alfarero la hacen destacable dentro del conjunto de la Terra Sigillata Hispánica.
Grafitos cerámicos de Segobriga (1997-2006)
Authors: Abascal Palazón Juan Manuel , Cebrián Fernández Rosario
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo incluye 243 fragmentos cerámicos con grafitos latinos, griegos e ibéricos, descubiertos en Segobriga en las excavaciones oficiales de la ciudad romana y sus alrededores. Muchos de ellos son incompletos, pero algunos presentan el nombre del recipiente (panna) y cuentas de control de alfar. Casi todos están grabados en terra sigillata.
Un tapiz fenicio en Galera (Granada, España): tapices y tejidos hispano-fenicios
Authors: Almagro-Gorbea Martín
Published: January 2016

La identificación de la célebre pintura de una tumba ibérica de Galera como alfombra y no como pintura parietal, siguiendo la descripción de Cabré y Motos, constituye la primera representación conocida de una alfombra de tipo fenicio, a base de flores de loto. Recientemente se han descubierto otros monumentos con representación de tejidos, lo que confirma su importancia como elemento difusor de motivos iconográficos y decorativos y también de ideas y símbolos religiosos.
Excavaciones arqueológicas en el yacimiento emiral de Cabezo Pardo (San Isidro-Granja de Rocamora, Alicante): primeros resultados
Authors: López Padilla Juan Antonio , Ximénez de Embún Sánchez Teresa
Published: January 2016

Con este artículo se ha buscado presentar, de forma breve, los primeros resultados de las excavaciones realizadas en los niveles medievales del yacimiento del Cabezo Pardo (San Isidro-Granja de Rocamora, Alicante). En él, además de contextualizar el conjunto a través de su cultura material, se realiza un primer acercamiento a su particular problemática sobre la evolución de las primeras formas de poblamiento tras la entrada de población islamizada en el SE Peninsular a partir de mediados del s.VIII.
La maqbara del Tossal de Manises (Alicante)
Authors: Olcina Doménech Manuel , Tendero Porras Eva , Guilabert Mas Antonio
Published: January 2016

La última de las ocupaciones constatadas en el solar de la ciudad ibero-romana de Lucentum (Tossal de Manises), se documenta en el período islámico, donde el uso de parte de este espacio se ciñe exclusivamente al ámbito funerario. Los datos obtenidos en la excavación evidencian la inexistencia de ajuares e incluso de materiales asociados a los niveles de tránsito; la plasmación de un rito unitario; la organización de los enterramientos en calles, longitudinales y transversales, y su no superposición. Los paralelos arqueológicos ofrecen fechas tempranas, corroboradas por los resultados de C14, mas la necesidad de interpretar los diferentes elementos documentados en la excavación, que no contaban con datos análogos, nos hizo profundizar en el ritual funerario islámico. Finalmente, se intenta enmarcar la maqbara en su realidad histórica, asociándola a un tipo de poblamiento: un asentamiento rural en llano, una alquería o un enclave urbano ¿quizá la esquiva Laqant?.
Els camins antics de la partida de Ferriol d’Elx (el Baix Vinalopó)
Authors: Arasa i Gil Ferran
Published: January 2016

En aquest article estudiem les restes de camins antics conservats en el paratge de Ferriol del terme municipal d'Elx. És un conjunt de restes localitzat al costat d'un barranc, pertanyents almenys a cinc traçats diferents. El més important és una llarga i estreta trinxera excavada en la roca que conserva rodades en el fons. Les seues característiques i dimensions permeten establir paral·lels amb els camins d'accés a alguns oppida ibèrics, per la qual cosa es proposa el mateix origen per a aquest cas. Les altres restes conservades –passos, rodades i solcs també excavats en la roca– semblen pertànyer igualment a restes de camins antics, dels quals un podria correspondre a la via Augusta.
Snagged setae: Evaluating alternatives to cotton wool bungs for liquid-stored specimens
Authors: Allington-Jones Lu , Sherlock Emma
Published: January 2016

This study comprises a search for a replacement for cotton wool (also called cotton batting) stoppers within spirit collections. It briefly explores relevant published literature and documents a three-year experiment to test the durability of plastic lids, inert foam, and parafilm, within ethanol, IDA, and formalin. Following visual observations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy the study concludes that Parafilm M™ is unsuitable for long-term use but Plastazote® bungs and polyethylene lids are suitable for vials within glass-lidded jars. The study should aid curators making decisions regarding suitable storage and transportation of spirit collections and prevent future damage of delicate specimens.
Dangers to malacological collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay
Authors: Cavallari Daniel Caracanhas , Salvador Rodrigo Brincalepe , Cunha Bruno Rodrigues da
Published: January 2016

Specimen deterioration in museum collections and exhibits is a recurring worry of curators. Malacological collections, i.e., those containing mollusk shells, are of special concern, because these specimens are composed largely of calcium carbonate, a compound that easily deteriorates in acidic storage media. There are two main problems related to the presence of volatile acids in collections: Bynesian decay and pyrite decay. In Bynesian decay, acetic and formic acids, among others, are released by the materials used to store the collection: wood, varnishes, resins, paper, cardboard, and other storage materials. Under high relative humidity and inappropriate temperature, the acids react with the shells' carbonate, yielding salts and carbon dioxide. Pyrite decay is similar in appearance: fossil specimens may contain pyrite (FeS2), which in high relative humidity is oxidized, yielding sulfuric acid and other products. This acid corrodes other shells, including carbonatic fossils. The damage caused is irreversible, but there are methods to avoid or mitigate it. The collection should be kept in conditions of low relative humidity (45–50%) and appropriate temperature range (16–21°C). The use of archival materials, such as steel drawers and cabinets with electrostatic coating, is mandatory. Specimens containing reactive pyrite must be kept in archival-quality plastic containers or closed glass containers. Damaged specimens must be immediately removed and only returned to the collection after proper cleaning.
Applications of computed tomography to fossil conservation and education
Authors: Tembe Girish , Siddiqui Shameem
Published: January 2016

Computed tomography (CT) has been used for decades for paleontological research and fossil preparations. However, the benefits of CT scanning regarding conservation, exhibits, and education are rarely discussed. CT and rapid prototyping, although still prohibitively expensive on a large scale, are becoming cheaper and can provide another tool available to museums and educators teaching natural history.
Networking nature: Building cybercabinets of digital curiosities
Authors: Sargent R
Published: January 2016

In the age of the Internet, engaging the public online is critical to building audiences and broadening support for natural history. While collections managers have been providing online access to collections through sophisticated database search interfaces, less progress has been made to present these resources in a user-friendly framework. Some museums are thinking in terms of networked online knowledge and radically shifting the way they broker their digital content. This research examines ways natural history can be effectively presented online to the public by reviewing relevant literature, analyzing six model sites with a heuristic evaluation tool and a user survey, and exploring three case studies through project personnel interviews. Findings summarize important strategies for cultivating creative online access to natural history digital resources and culminate in offering guidelines for building these “cybercabinets” of digital natural history specimens.
Mineralisation of natural rubber (poly cis 1-4 isoprene) by co-cultured bacterial strains isolated from rubber plantation area
Authors: Muralidharan Manasa , Krishnaswamy Veena Gayathri
Published: January 2016

Objective: To isolate Natural Rubber degrading Bacterial co-cultures from rubber plantation soil and to characterize and identify the organisms by 16s r RNA sequencing.

Methods: Cocultures of the bacteria were isolated from the contaminated site by enrichment culture technique. Plate assay method and liquid assay method by using Mineral Salt Medium was followed for screening of bacteria for its capacity to mineralize Natural rubber. Degradation was confirmed by Spectrophotmetric and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) studies.Natural rubber degraded by the cocultures were studied at different concentrations and the physico-chemical analysis were optimized (pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources)

Results: Isolated organism was identified as Bacillus cohnii and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis. The co-cultures were able to utilize the Natural rubber which was confirmed by Spectrophotometric and FTIR studies. From the current study it was evaluated that Natural rubber was mineralized up to 50 % where optimum concentration was 10 %.

Conclusion: From current investigation, it can be concluded that our isolated bacterial cocultures Bacillus cohnii and Brevundimonas naejangsanensis have the capacity to mineralize Natural rubber and hence such isolated cocultures can be used in removal of from waste Natural rubber products in the environment.
Proficiency effect on L2 pragmatic competence
Authors: Xiao Feng
Published: January 2016

This paper synthesizes cross-sectional studies of the effect of proficiency on second language (L2) pragmatics to answer the synthesis question: Does proficiency affect adult learners’ pragmatic competence? Findings have revealed an overall positive proficiency effect on pragmatic competence, and in most cases higher proficiency learners have higher pragmatic competence. However, increased proficiency does not guarantee a native-like pragmatic performance because proficiency effect varies depending on the nature of target pragmatic features such as types of speech acts (degrees of directness and conventionality) (e.g., Cook & Liddicoat, 2002; Félix-Brasdefer, 2007), modalities of pragmatic performance (comprehension and production) (e.g., Bradovi-Harlig, 2008, 2009), social variables involved in task situations, such as social status (e.g., Allami & Naeimi, 2011), social distance (e.g., Maeshiba, Yoshinaga, Kasper, & Ross, 1996), and power relationship (e.g., Al-Gahtani & Roever, 2012). Moreover, proficiency effect is mediated by contextual variables such as length of stay in the target language community (e.g., Shardakova, 2005; Taguchi, 2011, 2013; Xu, Case, & Wang, 2009).
Getting to the bottom of L2 listening instruction: Making a case for bottom-up activities
Authors: Siegel Joseph , Siegel Aki
Published: January 2016

This paper argues for the incorporation of bottom-up activities for English as a foreign language (EFL) listening. It discusses theoretical concepts and pedagogic options for addressing bottom-up aural processing in the EFL classroom as well as how and why teachers may wish to include such activities in lessons. This discussion is augmented by a small-scale classroom-based research project that investigated six activities targeting learners’ bottom-up listening abilities. Learners studying at the lower-intermediate level of a compulsory EFL university course were divided into a treatment group (n = 21) and a contrast group (n = 32). Each group listened to the same audio material and completed listening activities from an assigned textbook. The treatment group also engaged in a set of six bottom-up listening activities using the same material. This quasi-experimental study used dictation and listening proficiency tests before and after the course. Between-group comparisons of t-test results of dictation and listening proficiency tests indicated that improvements for the treatment group were probably due to the BU intervention. In addition, results from a posttreatment survey suggested that learners value explicit bottom-up listening instruction.
Intersections: Applied linguistics as a meeting place, Elke Stracke Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015 ISBN: 9781443866545 Pages: 340
Authors: Csizér Kata
Published: January 2016

Book review
Chromosome Numbers in Hieracium (Asteraceae) from Central and Southeastern Europe I.
Authors: Musiał Krystyna , Szeląg Zbigniew
Published: January 2016

Chromosome numbers for 16 Hieracium s.str. species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania and Serbia are given and their metaphase plates are illustrated. Chromosome numbers are published for the first time for H. filarszkyi Jáv. & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. fritschianum Hayek & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. fritzeiforme Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, H. hercegovinicum (Freyn & Vandas) Szeląg 2n=3x=27, H. nivimontis (Oborny & Zahn) Chrtek fil. 2n = 4x = 36, H. vagneri Pax 2n = 4x = 36, as well as three undescribed species of hybrid origin between H. olympicum Boiss. and H. sparsum Friv. 2n = 4x = 36, H. naegelianum Panc. and H. scardicum Bornm. & Zahn 2n = 3x = 27, and H. transylvanicum Heuff. and H. umbellatum L. 2n = 4x = 36.
NH4+-mediated Protein Phosphorylation in Rice Roots
Authors: Zhu Xiao Feng , Cai Wan Hui , Jung Jin Hee , Xuan Yuan Hu
Published: January 2016

NH4+ is an important N-source which regulates plant growth and development. However, the underlying mechanism of NH4+ uptake and its-mediated signaling is poorly understood. Here, we performed phosphoproteomic studies using the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-mediated phosphopeptides collection method together with LC-MS analysis. The results indicated that phosphorylation levels of 23 and 43 peptides/proteins involved in diverse aspects, including metabolism, transport and signaling pathway, were decreased and increased respectively after NH4+ treatment in rice roots. Among 23 proteins detected, IDD10, a key transcription factor in ammonium signaling, was identified to reduce phosphorylation level of S313 residue. Further biochemical analysis using IDD10-GFP transgenic plants and immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that NH4+ supply reduces IDD10 phosphorylation level. Phosphorylation of ammonium transporter 1;1 (AMT1;1) was increased upon NH4+ treatment. Interestingly, phosphorylation of T446, a rice specific residue against Arabidopsis was identified. It was also established that phosphorylation of T452 is conserved with T460 of Arabidopsis AMT1;1. Yeast complementation assay with transformation of phosphomimic forms of AMT1;1 (T446/D and T452/D) into 31019b strain revealed that phosphorylation at T446 and T452 residues abolished AMT1;1 activity, while their plasma membrane localization was not changed. Our analyses show that many proteins were phosphorylated or dephosphorylated by NH4+ that may provide important evidence for studying ammonium uptake and its mediated signaling by which rice growth and development are regulated.
Ringing data and occurrence of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major in Sombor (NW Serbia) for the period 1981–2013 /Obročkovalski podatki in pojavljanje plavčkov Cyanistes caeruleus in velikih sinic Parus major v mestu Sombor (SZ Srbija) med letoma 1981 in 2013
Authors: Mérő Thomas Oliver , Žuljević Antun
Published: January 2016

Pozvetek

Objavljanje in osnovna analiza obročkovalskih podatkov sta sicer pogosti temi člankov, redko pa so objavljeni podatki iz posameznega mesta, kot je denimo Sombor v premalo raziskani regiji Srbije. Predstavljamo podatke o obročkanju in ponovnem ulovu plavčkov Cyanistes caeruleus in velikih sinic Parus major za obdobje 32 let. Dodatno smo preverili vpliv povprečne najvišje temperature jeseni (september-december) in pozimi (januar-marec) na njihovo številčnost ter pojavljanje v dveh osnovnih habitatnih tipih (parki in vrtovi) v mestu Sombor. Skupno smo obročkali 1675 plavčkov (ponovno ujeti osebki N = 407) in 8062 velikih sinic (ponovno ujeti osebki N = 1517). Pri obeh vrstah so prevladovali mladi osebki (koda EURING 3 oz. 5). Najstarejše obročkane ptice obeh vrst so bile mlajše kot zabeleženo v drugih evropskih raziskavah. Številčnost obeh vrst ni bila povezana s povprečno najvišjo jesensko oziroma zimsko temperaturo. Število obročkanih ptic v parkih in vrtovih se ni pomembno razlikovalo. Glede na ugotovitve predhodnih raziskav sklepamo, da je njihova številčnost v posameznem habitatnem tipu odvisna od razpoložljivost hrane in vremenskih razmer, ne pa drugih okoljskih dejavnikov.
Plastic Deformation and Softening of the Surface Layer of Railway Wheel
Authors: Ławrynowicz Z.
Published: January 2016

In this study scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical micrograph observations were used to investigate the plastic deformation near the surface of the worn railway wheel following service. Microstructure, plastic deformation and micro-hardness of the material in the outermost tread layer of used passenger railway wheel were characterised. It was found that the material in the contact surface of wheel undergoes severe plastic deformation. Vickers micro-hardness measurements in the highly deformed layer could be correlated with softening of the outer wheel rim and the spheroidisation of the cementite phase. Examination of worn, railway wheel taken out of service, has indicated that cracks are predominantly initiated at the wheel surface down the edges of highly strained, pro-eutectoid ferrite zones (situated along prior austenite grain boundaries) and that such pro-eutectoid ferrite zones also facilitate crack propagation.
Process Optimization Variables for Direct Metal Laser Sintering
Authors: Mierzejewska Ż. A.
Published: January 2016

Manufacturing is crucial to creation of wealth and provision of quality of life. Manufacturing covers numerous aspects from systems design and organization, technology and logistics, operational planning and control. The study of manufacturing technology is usually classified into conventional and non-conventional processes. As it is well known, the term "rapid prototyping" refers to a number of different but related technologies that can be used for building very complex physical models and prototype parts directly from 3D CAD model. Among these technologies are selective laser sintering (SLS) and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). RP technologies can use wide range of materials which gives possibility for their application in different fields. RP has primary been developed for manufacturing industry in order to speed up the development of new products (prototypes, concept models, form, fit, and function testing, tooling patterns, final products - direct parts). Sintering is a term in the field of powder metallurgy and describes a process which takes place under a certain pressure and temperature over a period of time. During sintering particles of a powder material are bound together in a mold to a solid part. In selective laser sintering the crucial elements pressure and time are obsolete and the powder particles are only heated for a short period of time. SLS uses the fact that every physical system tends to achieve a condition of minimum energy. In the case of powder the partially melted particles aim to minimize their in comparison to a solid block of material enormous surface area through fusing their outer skins. Like all generative manufacturing processes laser sintering gains the geometrical information out of a 3D CAD model. This model is subdivided into slices or layers of a certain layer thickness. Following this is a revolving process which consists of three basic process steps: recoating, exposure, and lowering of the build platform until the part is finished completely.
On the Profile of Globally and Locally Minimizing Solutions of the Spatially Inhomogeneous Allen–Cahn and Fisher–KPP Equations
Authors: Sourdis Christos
Published: January 2016

We show that the spatially inhomogeneous Allen–Cahn equation

-

ε
2

⁢
Δ
⁢
u

=

u
⁢

(

u
-

a
⁢

(
x
)

)

⁢

(

1
-
u

)

${-\varepsilon^{2}\Delta u=u(u-a(x))(1-u)}$

in a smooth bounded domain

Ω
⊂

ℝ
N

${\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}}$

,

u
=
0

${u=0}$

on

∂
⁡
Ω

$\partial\Omega$

, with

0
<

a
⁢

(
⋅
)

<
1

${0<a(\,\cdot\,)<1}$

continuous and

ε
>
0

${\varepsilon>0}$

a small parameter, cannot have globally minimizing solutions with transition layers in a smooth subdomain of Ω whereon

a
-

1
2

${a-\frac{1}{2}}$

does not change sign and

a
-

1
2

≠
0

${a-\frac{1}{2}\neq 0}$

on that subdomain’s boundary. Under the assumption of radial symmetry, this property was shown by Dancer and Yan in [5]. Our approach may also be used to simplify some parts of the latter and related references. In particular, for this model, we can give a streamlined new proof of the existence of locally minimizing transition layered solutions with nonsmooth interfaces, considered originally by del Pino in [6] using different techniques. Besides of its simplicity, the main advantage of our proof is that it allows one to deal with more degenerate situations. We also establish analogous results for a class of problems that includes the spatially inhomogeneous Fisher–KPP equation

-

ε
2

⁢
Δ
⁢
u

=

ρ
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u
⁢

(

1
-
u

)

${-\varepsilon^{2}\Delta u=\rho(x)u(1-u)}$

with ρ sign-changing.
Some Collision Solutions of the Rectilinear Periodically Forced Kepler Problem
Authors: Zhao Lei
Published: January 2016

In [5], Ortega has analyzed “generalized” collision solutions of the periodically forced rectilinear Kepler problem. In this note, we explain a different approach to study these solutions by embedding the non-autonomous Hamiltonian system into the zero-energy level of an autonomous Hamiltonian system and by employing the Levi-Civita regularization to regularize the double collisions. In addition to this, under a certain smoothness hypothesis of the periodic force term, we show that there exists a set of positive measure of generalized quasi-periodic solutions in the extended phase space, each of them accumulated by generalized periodic solutions of the system. The energy of these quasi-periodic solutions can have an arbitrary large absolute value.