bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL AMYLOIDOSIS INDUCED BY IMMUNE COMPLEX: II. AN IMMUNOHISTOLOGICAL OBSERVATION
Authors: Utsuki Yoshio , Kawaoi Akira , Hamashima Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

Experimental amyloidosis was induced in male albino rabbits and male mice (DD‐strain) with repeated administrations of either antigen‐antibody complexes or antigen and/or Freund's complete adjuvant for a long time. Spleen, lymphnodes, liver and kidneys were studied by light microscopy and fluorescent antibody technique, using anti‐rabbit IgG, anti‐mouse IgG, anti‐HGG or anti‐BSA as antisera.

The homogenous substances of liver and spleen were induced in both animals in high frequency. The deposits in the lymphnodes and kidneys were also present in a minority of cases.

The peripheral areas or a portion of these substances which were consistent physico‐chemically with para‐amyloid showed weakly positive reaction with fluorescent anti‐HGG or anti‐BSA in the same specimen in spite of the existence of large amounts of antibodies.

The tissue toxicity of immune complex may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of amyloidosis in the consideration of the concurrent systemic vascular changes and immune dissociation which suggest the possibility of disturbed immune mechanisms as a common causative background. In the present study using insoluble complexes, some questions still remain to be solved on the pathogenesis of amyloidosis.
DEGRANULATION AND REGRANULATION OF PANCREATIC ISLET CELLS OF ALLOXAN DIABETIC RATS: II. ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: Tomita Tatsuo
Published: December 2008

The ultrastructural study of pancreatic islets from the alloxanized rats was performed along with histochemical studies. During the initial stages of hyperglycemia, B cell degranulation was progressive, while A cells were left intact. The presence of remaining B granules was confirmed in the disintegrated cell debris and also in the macrophages up to 24 hours. The islets from the third day after alloxan showed only a few degranulating B cells and the majority were small poorly differentiated agranular cells and A cells. Major components of small islets from 7 days through 28 days were A and D cells, while some large islets were composed of a mixture of well regranulated A cells and sick B cells.

The significance of agranular cells as the possible origin of the differentiated A and B cells was suggeste.
CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA IN RATS FED 2,7‐DIACETYLAMINOFLUORENE
Authors: Takayama Shojiro , Yamada Takashi , Kamata Shoji
Published: December 2008

We originally attempted to induce a gastric carcinoma in 327 female rats by the oral administration of 2,7‐dlacetylaminofluorene. Gastric carcinoma, however, did not appear, while leukemia was found In 31 cases (9.5%). Chronic myelogenous leukemia was encountered in 29 cases (8.9%). This leukemia in rats morphologically resembles chronic myelogenous leukemia in man.
THE EFFECTS OF LOCALIZED X‐IRRADIATION ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE GLANDULAR STOMACH IN MICE: I. EARLY CHANGES
Authors: Tahaba Eiichi , Hirose Fumio
Published: December 2008

A study was made on the early effects of localized X‐irradlation (a single dose of 2000 rads) on the ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa of mice by observing the changes from 15 minutes following irradiation to the 7th day when ulcer developed. The six types of gastric epithelial cells all demonstrated differences in the initial cytoarchitectural changes of radiation injury and in radiation sensitivity. The cell sites or cell organelles which exhibited the earliest radiation lesion were the Golgi body and endoplasmic reticulum in the mucoid cells, cell membrane in the parietal cells, endoplasmic reticulum in the chief cells, and secretory granules in the endocrine cells. Cells demonstrating the highest sensitivity to X‐ray were surface and pit cells, followed by pyloric gland cells or mucous neck cells, parietal cells, and chief cells with endocrine cells showing the highest radiation resistance. These observations suggest a close relationship of ultrastructural alteration of radiation effects to not only the presence or absence of cell division, the degree of cells differentiation, and cell function but also to the development of cell organelle.

The pyloric mucosa was the gastric region which demonstrated the greatest radiation cell damage, and only in the mucoid cells could be observed radiation induced mitotic inhibition or delay and giant cell formation due to the injury of cell division.
THE METABOLIC EFFECT OF PYRIDINOLCARBAMATE IN RATS
Authors: Mrhova Olga , Shimamoto Takio , Numano Fujio
Published: December 2008

The effect of peroral application of pyrldinolcarbamate (30 mg/kg/day) was studied in rats which were kept either on a standard laboratory diet, or on a diet containing a large amount of fat (40%) and cholesterol (5%). PDC significantly increased the lactate dehydrogenase activity in the aortae of rats kept on a standard diet, and the malate dehydrogenase activity in the aortae of rats kept on high‐fat diet.

In experiments in vitro, PDC increased the activity of the aortic lactate and malate dehydrogenase. This effect was most pronounced at higher concentrations of PDC in the incubation medium (3000μg/ml). In the rat myocardium, activity of the enzymes studies was not noticeable influenced by PDC administration. Under the given experimental conditions, pyrldinolcarbamate increased the activity of enzymes participating in the citrate cycle and glycolysis. In view of the present knowledge of the role of the vascular wall metabolism in atherogenesls, this effect could contribute to greater resistance of the vessel wall against the development of atherosclerotic changes.
ÜBER DIE TOXISCHE WIRKUNG VON ANTITUBERKULOSE‐MEDIKAMENTEN, BESONDERS ETHAMBUTOL UND INH, AUF DAS NERVENSYSTEM: EIN AUTOPSIE‐BERICHT
Authors: Kuribayashi Nobuo , Utsumi Kunisuke , Oda Masaya , Shiraki Hirotsugu
Published: December 2008

A 31‐year old tuberculous male patient, who was initially treated by combined anti‐tuberculous drugs (SM, PAS & INH) for 9 months and later by Ethambutol (Ebutol) instead of SM for 6.5 months in the intermediate period of his course until occurrence of visual disturbance, died in a uremic state at which time only PAS and INH had been given. Autopsy revealed advanced flbro‐caseous tuberculosis of bilateral lungs, severe cavernous phthisis of both kidneys with ancient affections of the urogential organs and diffuse enterocolitis. The central nervous system disclosed an evident degeneration with marked astrocytosis in the optic nerve and Goll's tract of the spinal cord. The nerve cells of the retinal ganglionic‐cell layer were also impaired and decreased in number chiefly around the papillary regions. It was pointed out and stressed that a given common‐dosage of anti‐tuberculous drugs, particularly of Ethambutol and INH, may produce a toxic effect and lesions in the nervous system, when administered to such a malnourished patient who has advanced renal failure and intestinal dyscrasia as in this case.
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF LYMPHOID FOLLICLES IN THYMUS BY HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE
Authors: Habu Sonoko
Published: December 2008

The lymphoid follicles identical with those in the lymph node, were produced in the thymus of guinea pigs by intrathymic injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with or without Freund's complete adjuvant, mixed vaccine or salmonella vaccine.

A part of the injected tracer antigen, HRP persisted in the inflammatory region in the vicinity of the lymphoid follicles through the course of the experiment. Anti‐HRP antibody producing cells were found around lymphoid follicles, but not in the germinal centers. It was confirmed from serial histological sections that most of the lymphoid follicles were situated in the medullointerlobular fusing portion. The accumulated lymphocytes around the lymphoid follicle as well as those of lymph nodes and the spleen were negative for Alp activity, while the lymphocytes showed intensive Alp activity in the cortex and slight in the medulla.

It might be concluded that the formation of thymic lymphoid follicle and antibody‐producing cells requires participation of the thymic cells In the medulla and extrathymlc cells in the region where antigens were retained for a long time.
A STUDY ON THE INVASIVE GROWTH OF MALIGNANT TUMORS
Authors: Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

The invasive growth of Yoshida sarcoma and Yoshida ascites hepatoma into the rat articular cartilage was examined by light and electron microscopy.

The tumor cells were inoculated into the articular spaces of Donryu strain rats and the animals were killed at various intervals ranging from one to seven days.

The cells which appeared on the growing fringes of the tumors in the cartilage were mostly tumor cells, yet neutrophils, macrophages, red blood cells, chondrocytes and a closed capillary were also found. In a rare case in which invasion of the cartilage took place from the bone marrow side, osteoclasts could be seen. Phagolysosomes were prominent in the macrophages, while few of them were found in the tumor cells and other cells except for neutrophils. It was suggested that mesenchymal reaction of host induced by tumor cells played an important role in the invasive growth of malignant tumors into the cartilage.
HYPERESTROGENISM BY TRANSPLANTABLE PULMONARY TUMORS OF MICE
Authors: Mizushima Mutsue
Published: December 2008

Spontaneous pulmonary tumors (PT3 and PT4) originating in A strain of mice were serially transplanted and their hosts were examined biologically and morphologically.

Hyperestrogenism in the hosts was observed by vaginal smear method during some period of serial transplantation, and changes of the visceral organs related to the hyperestrogenism (atrophy of the male sex organs, feminization of the salivary glands and kidneys of males) were observed in the host animals.

Morphological findings of the tumors changed from tubular adenocarcinoma to anaplastic carcinoma with increase of transfer generations, and also the survival period of mice was shortened. Hyperestrogenism was observed when the tumors were partially undifferentiated histologically.

Extraction of gonadotropin from the tumors was performed with negative result. The mechanism of hyperestrogenism might be a production of estrogen by the tumors.
A STUDY ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FUNCTION and ULTRASTRUCTURE IN THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Skkiyama Shigetaka , Yago Nagasumi
Published: December 2008

In order to obtain a correlation of adrenal cortex with biochemical function, ultrastructure was closely studied statistically and morphometrically. For the purpose of evoking fluctuations in the function of the adrenal cortex, whole body X‐irradiation (1,000 R), ligation and reopening of the adrenal artery and vein, Metopiron administration, hypophysectomy and ACTH administration were carried out. Whole body X‐irradiation caused hyperfunction of the adrenal. Ligation of adrenal artery and vein caused adrenal hypofunction with a tendency to recovery after release. Metopiron administration and hypophysectomy caused hypofunction of the adrenal cortex. In the mitochondria, ferricyanide reduction by dehydrogenase systems was found in the inner vesicles. The results of morphometrical studies on the correlation of biosynthetic function of the cortlcoids and morphological changes revealed an increase in volume of the crlstae, an increase in number and enlargement of mitochondria, and an increase and dilatation of smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum at the time of hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. At the time of hypofunction of the adrenal cortex, the volume increase of mitochondria accompanied by shrinkage of the crlstae were noted. The smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum showed a tendency to narrowing and decrease.
ON THE MORPHOGENESIS OF MASSIVE CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Kojimahara Masayasu , Sekiya Kazuo , Fukushima Tatsuro , Ooneda Genju
Published: December 2008

The morphogenesis of massive cerebral hemorrhagic lesions was studied in 6 experimental hypertensive rats. Hemorrhage due to rupture of arteries caused by hypertensive arterial lesions (plasmatic arterionecrosis) was found in the middle cerebral arteries in the subarachnoid space and immediately after their penetrating into the cerebral parenchyma. This primary hemorrhage induced, through circulatory disturbances, secondary bleedings of small vessels and veins, which were all combined to give rise to a massive hemorrhagic lesion. The hypertensive arterial lesions, which were the direct cause of the cerebral hemorrhage, were constituted by necrosis and disappearance of smooth muscle cells and blood plasma infiltration in the media, blood plasma infiltration, especially deposition of fibrin, having periodic cross striation of about 200 Å (fibrinoid degeneration) in the intima, and dissolution and disappearance of the internal elastic lamina.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON AMYLOIDOSIS A NEW INDUCTION METHOD OF AMYLOIDOSIS TRYPAN BLUE*
Authors: Uchino Fumiya , Hosokawa Shuji
Published: December 2008

A high incidence of amyloidosis was induced in mice by repeated subcutaneous injection of trypan blue which lead to a disturbance of the reticulo‐ endothelial system.

In this series, the mode of amyloid deposition almost coincided with casein‐induced amyloidosis and differed from senile amyloidosis in mice.

As a possible mechanism of the occurrence of amyloidosis in this experiment, it was considered that dysfunction of reticulo‐endothelial cells was provoked by trypan blue‐injection and then amyloid was produced in these cells.

Our experiment provided an indirect evidence of cellular secretion of amyloid depending on reticulo‐endothelial cells.
THE LUNG IN GENERALIZED AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Toriumi Jun
Published: December 2008

Thirty‐four cases of generalized amyloidosis were studied by the Congo red‐fluorescent method. In the majority of cases (32 cases) amyloid deposition was found more or less in the lung. The initial deposition in the alveolar wall was observed to start along fibrous structures of the alveolar wall, such as basement membrane, and also from smooth muscle of the alveolar wall, of interalveolar septa, and from small nodular mass appearing beneath the endothelium. Amyloid was deposited variably in the alveolar wall, and it was particularly marked in the subpleural and hilar regions, around the fibrosed lesions, especially on the atelectatic side. In a few cases marked or slight deposition was found in medium‐sized and small blood vessels. The pattern of deposition in such cases was, together with their X‐ray findings, designated as the vascular type. In the other type deposition was found in the alveolar wall and partly in the vascular wall and called as the diffuse type. In this type, with the increase of deposition, X‐ray shadows suggestive of pulmonary fibrosis may appear, and with still more marked deposition, symptoms of alveolar capillary block are shown.
EXTRASKELETAL OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA
Authors: Nishimura Hiroshi , Ishikawa Takatoshi , Ishiko Toshitaka
Published: December 2008

The authors report a case of extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma originating from the upper paravertebral region of a 40‐year‐old Japanese male. The patient was treated by a combination of surgery, radiotherapy. and chemotherapy and died with widespread pulmonary metastases and local recurrence after total illness of more than 10 years. This case appears to be a unique example of long survival, extraordinary primary site and apparently benign histologic features of the original mass. Electron microscopic study of this tumor revealed irregularly shaped tumor cells with poorly differentiated intracellular organella and eventual deposition of apatite crystals in the intercellular fibrous structure. The world literature on extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma is reviewed.
INITIAL CHANGES OF LEUKEMIA IN RATS FED 2,7‐DIACETYLAMINOFLUORENE
Authors: Takayama Shojiro , Kamata Shoji
Published: December 2008

The Initial changes of leukemia were examined in rats which were fed 2,7‐diacetylaminofluorene. The appearance of erythroblasts in the peripheral blood was employed as an index of the initial stage of leukemia. Histological examination of the bone marrows revealed one or two nodular foci of leukemic cells at the early stage of the appearance of erythroblasts. The leukemia in rats which were fed 2,7‐diacetylaminofluorene was considered to begin as one or two nodular foci in the bone marrow.
DRUG‐INDUCED GENERALIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDOSIS
Authors: Shikata Toshio , Kanetaka Tatsuji , Endo Yuzo , Nagashima Kazuo
Published: December 2008

Drug‐Induced generalized phosphollpldosis in human beings is described. Detailed study of phospholipid fatty liver, which was first reported by us in 1968, disclosed that phospholipid accumulation is not only found in the liver but is also distributed throughout the body. From clinical as well as experimental survey, it may be concluded that this phospholipido‐sls was caused by administration of 4.4′‐diethylamlnoethoxy hexestrol. Three autopsy cases showed liver cirrhosis of a peculiar form, such as fine granular thln‐septal cirrhosis with phospholipid deposition and alcoholic hyalines. This septal cirrhosis may have resulted from phospholipid deposition. The relationship between alcoholic hyaline and lipid metabolism is discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 22: 517–531, 1972.
CARCINOID TUMORS ‐REVIEW OF LITERATURE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SITES OF ORIGIN and HUMORAL SUBSTANCES PRODUCED‐
Authors: Hosoda Syun
Published: December 2008

Carcinoid tumors arising in mucosa of respiratory and alimentary tracts were found to form a distinct group with characteristic endocrine function in relationship to their site of origin. These include ACTH‐secretlng bronchial carcinoid, histamine‐producing gastric carcinoid, and serotonin‐producing ileal and appendiceal carcinoid. It is also conceivable that the carcinoid‐islet cell tumor of duodenum and the rectal carcinoid may constitute other groups of the carcinoid tumor, though the humoral substances produced by these tumor groups have not yet been identified. On the basis of morphologic and metabolic features of the carcinoid tumors occurring in different sites, it is proposed that the carcinoid tumor is derived from the neuroendocrine cells which embryo‐logically migrate into the primitive alimentary tract mucosa and mature Into the endocrine cells with unique metabolic function in the final resting site of the respective organs. ACTA PATH. JAP. 22:533–540. 1972.
PRIMARY MIXED CARCINOMAS OF THE BRONCHUS
Authors: Chaudhuri M. Ray
Published: December 2008

Primary mixed carcinomas of the bronchus are found to occur more frequently than previously reported. Forty‐two cases of primary mixed carcinomas of the bronchus were seen at the London Chest Hospital from 1966 to 1969. During this time, 3853 patients were admitted to the hospital and among them 733 had bronchial carcinomas. In 27 instances, the tumour histologically was squamous and adenocarcinomatous in type. Of the other 15; squamous and oat cell characters, and undifferentiated carcinoma of large polygonal cell and adenocarcinomatous characters were present in five instances; adenocarcinoma and oat cell, and undifferentiated carcinoma of large polygonal cell and oat cell characters were present in two instances; and only one had mixed alveolar and oat cell carcinomatous pattern. A study of the pathological changes in these mixed bronchial carcinomas revealed little differences, if any, from a primary bronchial carcinoma.

The histogenesis of these mixed carcinomas remains uncertain. The most plausible view is that they arise by divergent differentiation from the descendants of the original multipotent cancer cells. ACTA PATH. JAP. 22:555–564, 1972.
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA OF THE ESOPHAGUS
Authors: Sumiyoshi Akinobu , Sannoe Yasuo , Tanaka Kenzo
Published: December 2008

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the esophagus is extremely rare. This report describes such a rare case of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the esophagus found in a sixty years old Japanese man, and its rarity was stressed in review of the past literature. Furthermore, in this case the sarcoid‐like lesions were noted in the spleen as well as in its draining lymph nodes at surgery, but no sarcoid‐like lesions were revealed anywhere at autopsy. These facts may indicate that the pattern of the host's tissue response is of great significance in the development of sarcoid reaction.
“MAMMALIAN CELLULOSE DISEASE” (“WATAFUKI” DISEASE)
Authors: Toriumi Jun , Shikasawa Haruyuki , Sano Kunitoshi , Komatsu Keiichi
Published: December 2008

Peculiar fibers not found in nature to our knowledge were observed In the conjunctiva of a 50 years old female. The fibers were identified as cellulose by chemical and X‐ray analysis.

Histological and electron microscopical findings suggest that giant cells seen in the granulation tissue of conjunctiva may be responsible for producing these fibers.

This disease is considered as an abnormal condition in which mammalian cellulose is produced and the present authors would like to advocate the new term mammalian cellulose disease for this condition. ACTA PATH. JAP. 22:591–612, 1972.
THE ORIGIN OF BRAIN MACROPHAGES – SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE MICROGLIA THEORY OF DEL RIO‐HORTEGA –
Authors: Kitamura Tadahisa
Published: December 2008

In order to determine the origin of brain macrophages, which are considered to be derived from “resting microglia of Hortega”, autoradiographic studies using 3H‐thymidine were carried out to reveal the following results.

Almost all the brain macrophages were proved to be derived from circulating leukocytes, especially from monocytes. Other types of cells, including “resting branched microglia of Hortega”, do not play any significant role in the brain macrophage system.

Electron microscopic autoradiography revealed marked metamorphosis of monocytes at the vicinity of the lesion, and they were designated as transformed monocytes.

On the base of these results and electron microscopic morphology of “resting microglia of Hortega”, the author concluded that Hortega's microglia system can be divided into two different cell groups. The first is that seen In a resting state of mature and immature animals and the second is that appearing in damaged brain. The former Is thought to belong to neuroectodermal glia and the latter to hematogenous cells.
THE EFFECT OF LPF (LEUKOCYTOSIS PROMOTING FACTOR) ON THE KINETICS OF COLONY FORMING CELLS
Authors: Seki Masatoshi , Sato Yuji
Published: December 2008

Leukocytosis promoting factor (LPF) of Bordetella pertussis and pertussis vaccine (PV) were introduced into C3H/He mice respectively and the kinetics of colony forming cells (CFC) were assayed by modification of Till and McCulloch's method. Uptake of 59Fe and 3H‐thymidine into hematopoietic tissues was also examined with similarly treated mice.

In vitro incubation of bone marrow cells with LPF did not cause any particular changes on the development of spleen colonies. Increase of CFC in peripheral blood was significant in both LPF and PV treated animals.

In the PV treated mice, erythropoiesis in the spleen and granulopoiesis in the bone marrow were remarkably accelerated on the 5th or 7th day of the injection. The number of CFC in the spleen showed a significant increase, which may result from stimulative effect of bacterial endotoxin. On the other hand, CFC of the spleen and bone marrow were unchanged or slightly decreased in number by administration of LPF, although a temporary stimulation of hematopoiesis was confirmed on the 2nd or 5th day of the injection. The functional derangement of endothelial cells induced by LPF is considered to be the dominant cause of increased CFC in the peripheral blood. The involvement of plural regulatory systems of hematopoiesis has been postulated, based upon the nresent exnerimental results.
THOROTRAST TUMORS IN JAPAN ‐ REPORT OF TWO CASES WITH AUTOPSY FINDINGS AND A BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURE ‐
Authors: Fujikura Takashi , Kawai Sadao
Published: December 2008

Two cases of thorotrast tumor were reported; in one of them, it primarily developed in the liver, and in the other it originated in the neck. Both cases revealed an intimate correlation between tumor development and thorotrast deposition, which seemed to be fixed along the lymphsystem in the Glisson's capsule and hilar lymph nodes, although histological findings in some parts especially central and midzonal part of liver lobules indicated considerable mobility of thorotrast deposits. This is probably because lymph nodes, which receive lymph flowing out of the respective organs remove the thorotrast granule from the lymph and are deteriorated by them. Deterioration of the lymph nodes dams the stream of thorotrast granules and fix their deposits. Fibrosis around the thorotrast granules is due to reaction of connective tissue around them as a foreign body and radioactive substance. Malignant tumors of the two cases originated nearby areas with marked thorotrast deposition.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF LÖUFFLER'S ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: Fujioka Yasunori , Fujita Masahiro , Miyakawa Akira , Tsushima Nobuko
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 34‐year‐old male who had been suspected of having rheumatic myocarditis with eosinophilia was described.

At autopsy the heart was remarkably enlarged (780 g) with mural thrombi in both ventricles. Histology revealed features of so‐called fibroplastic parietal endocarditis with eosinophilia or Ldffler's endocarditis. Vascular changes, mainly of arterioles and consisting of endothelial proliferation, thickened intlma, and rarefaction of media were observed in nearly all organs. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition are at present unknown.
[AN AUTOPSY CASE OF GLYCOGEN AND NON‐GLYCOGEN POLYSACCHARIDE STORAGE DISEASE WITH CARDIOMEGALY
Authors: Eto Komyo , Takeuchi Tadao
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of abnormal glycogen and non‐ glycogen polysaccharide deposition in a 7‐year‐old boy with extreme cardiomegaly was encountered. The accumulation of a non‐glycogen carbohydrate was seen in cardiac muscle fibers, skeletal muscle fibers, smooth muscle fibers of various organs, nerve tissues of brain, epithelial cells of liver, kidney and adrenal glands, and some other organs. Its histochemical properties were studied and it was categorized as an acidic mucopolysaccharide according to the classification suggested in the previous literatures. The electron microscopic features observed in the non‐glycogen storage were composed of randomly arranged filaments, somewhat different from amylopectinosis. Glycogen particles were occasionally found, but most of them were exhausted after death. Glycogenosomes were not identified and a‐glucoside could not be examined. Accordingly, a definite diagnosis of glycogenosis type II could not be made, but possible diagnosis of this disease with non‐glycogen polysaccharide storage was suggested by the autopsy findings and histochemical properties of storage substances.
SINUSOIDAL STENOSIS – THE CAUSATIVE ANATOMICAL LESION OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Nakata Katsuji , Uehara Yorimasa , Wada Kazuyoshi , Fujimoto Keiichi , Fujikawa Yukimura , Itaya Hiroyuki
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the anatomical lesion being responsible for the development of portal hypertension without vascular occlusion, the correlation of the grade of portal pressure elevation and the histological findings of the surgical biopsy specimens of the liver (fibrosis—11 cases, cirrhosis—24 cases and intact livers—10 cases) were examined. The liver cell size of the portal hypertension case was significantly larger than the normotensive case and the sinusoidal space of the portal hypertension case was markedly diminished. There was a close reverse correlation between the degree of sinusoidal stenosis and of portal pressure elevation. The vascular lesions of both the portal venous tree and the hepatic venous tree were minimal. These results suggested that the sinusoidal stenosis was one of the important causative anatomical lesion of portal hypertension.
INDUCTION OF A RETINAL DISORDER WITH CYCASIN IN NEWBORN MICE AND RATS
Authors: Fushimi Katsumasa , Hirono Iwao
Published: December 2008

The newborns, less than 24 hours old, of C57BL/kg/day) was studied in rats which were kept either on a standard laboratory diet, or on a diet containing a large amount of fat (40%) and cholesterol (5%). PDC significantly increased the lactate dehydrogenase activity in the aortae of rats kept on a standard diet, and the malate dehydrogenase activity in the aortae of rats kept on high‐fat diet.6 strain mice and Morlyamaso strain rats received a single subcutaneous Injection of cycasin (0.5 mg/kg/day) was studied in rats which were kept either on a standard laboratory diet, or on a diet containing a large amount of fat (40%) and cholesterol (5%). PDC significantly increased the lactate dehydrogenase activity in the aortae of rats kept on a standard diet, and the malate dehydrogenase activity in the aortae of rats kept on high‐fat diet.g body weight In mice, 0.2 mg and 0.5 mg/g body weight In rats), and effects of cycasin on the retina were studied. Rosette formations were seen after the necrosis of cells in the neuroblasts layer. Especially, In rats treated with a large dose of cycasin, retinal hemorrhage from the choroid completely arrested the differentiation to each layer in the retina and resulted In its severe disorder. These changes were considered to belong to the same category as necrotic damage in the external granular layer of the cerebellum induced by cycasin.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF HUMAN HYPERTROPHIED MYOCARDIUM
Authors: Kajihara Hiroki , Taguchi Kazumi , Hara Hiroshi , Iijima Soichi
Published: December 2008

Hypertrophied muscle cells of the right ventricles obtained from 12 patients with congential malformation of the heart (VSD, TF, A‐V canal and AASV) have been studied by electron microscope.

The process of hypertrophy of cardiac muscle cells was almost identical among these cardiac diseases.

Slightly hypertrophied muscle cells are characterized by the significant increase of electron lucent cytoplasmic area containing numerous free ribosomes. As the muscle cells become more hypertrophied, synthesis of myofilaments is frequently observed in the subsarcolemmal and Interfibrillar cytoplasmic regions rich in free ribosomes. Numerous dense granules, 150 to 400 mμ in diameter, are noticed with Intimate relation to the well developed Golgi complex and a few elements of rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. In the markedly hypertrophied muscle cells, the total volume of the contractile elements and the number of mitochondria are conspicuously increased. The central sarcoplasmic core of these cells is expansively extended and contains numerous mitochondria. The synthesis of myofilaments is not recognized in this stage. The appearance of lipofuscin pigments and the enlargement of the nucleus are already noticed in the early period of muscle hypertrophy.
GIANT FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA OF THE STOMACH – REPORT OF 4 CASES –
Authors: Akagi Tadaatsu , Okajima Kunio , Fujii Yasuhiro , Ishikawa Makoto
Published: December 2008

Four cases of primary giant follicular lymphoma of the stomach are reported. All patients were males and their ages were 53, 63, 66 and 71 years, respectively. Macroscoplcally, they were divided into 2 cases of ulcerative type, 1 case of polypoid type with hypertrophied rugae and 1 case of diffuse infiltrative type. One case transformed to the diffuse type of lymphosarcoma and died 9 months after gastrectomy.

Giant follicular lymphoma could be differentiated from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, based on the following histological features; uniformity of cellular composition, loss of lymphocytic rim, fusion of follicles, cellular atypism, and lack of phagocytosis and mixed inflammatory infiltrates.
PATHOLOGICAL SYSTEM CONCEPT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Fassbender H.G.
Published: December 2008

Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of the mesodermal germ layer. It is based on two totally different patho‐mechanisms; a) an exudative‐inflammatory process, and b) a primary necrosis of various mesodermal tissues. The exudative‐inflammatory processes take place in the mesodermal spaces; the primary necrotizing processes occur in the interior of various mesodermal tissues. Whereas the lining cell tissue inflammation is non‐characteristic, and the necrosis in rheumatoid arthritis can be taken as specific. The presence of the rheumatoid factor is optional in the lining cell tissue inflammatory processes; it is obligatory in necrosis.

Consequently, rheumatoid arthritis is a disease of the mesodermal germ layer which can occur at two levels. On the first level, the process takes place at the border of mesodermal spaces. On the second level, in which the rheumatic factor is obligatory, the process becomes more complicated, since various kinds of mesodermal tissue structures, including heart muscle and vascular walls, die initially. The clinical picture of rheumatoid arthritis is thereafter characterized by the visceral processes.
EXPERIMENTAL AMYLOIDOSIS USING SILVER NITRATE — ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SILVER GRANULES, AMYLOID FIBRILS AND RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM —
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro
Published: December 2008

Amyloidosis was experimentally induced in mice by repeated subcutaneous injections of silver nitrate solution.

Deposition of silver granules was noted near the amyloid fibrils. The deposition was not prominent in the recently formed amyloid nodules, but abundant in the old nodules. It may be presumed that the deposition of silver granules among the amyloid fibrils suggests the filter‐like nature of amyloid fibrils which take various substances from the blood stream.

From the relation of amyloid fibrils and silver granules, the amyloid bundles projecting from the Kupffer cell into the space of Disse were produced by the Kupffer cells and did not indicate the phagocytosis of amyloid by the cells.

The mechanism of amyloidosis following injection of silver nitrate and the role of the lysosome of reticuloendothelial cells in the pathogenesis of amyloidosis have been discussed.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION ON THE ORGANIZATION AND RECANALIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL THROMBOEMBOLI IN RABBITS
Authors: Horie Akio , Morimatsu Minora , Tanaka Kenzo
Published: December 2008

Organization and recanalization of experimental thromboemboli were observed by electron microscopy, in pulmonary muscular arteries of rabbits following repeated injections of autologous blood clots.

The cells participating in these processes showed the features of young mesenchymal cells, chiefly derived from vascular smooth muscle cells. These mesenchymal cells showed some differentiation towards endothelial cells, fibroblasts, histiocytes and smooth muscle cells.

The phagocytosis of fibrin by mesenchymal cells was a common finding in the completely occlusive thromboemboli. This suggested that phagocytosis of fibrin by macrophages might be an important method for its removal in the process of recanalization.

Loosely‐arranged endothelial cells with or without tight junctions, the absence of thin basement membranes, and young mesenchymal cells with well‐developed cytoplasmic organellae might be associated with high permeability and growth of newly‐formed capillaries within the organizing thromboemboli.
SOLID CELL NEST (SCN) OF THE HUMAN THYROID GLAND
Authors: Yamaoka Yutaka
Published: December 2008

In order to study the histological features and the histogenesis of the solid cell nest (SCN) of the human thyroid gland, 388 glands obtained from autopsy cases were examined in detail. The SCN is located in the interfolllcular space, as one or several groups of cells which show a large, light cytoplasm and nucleus. It Is circumscribed by a basement membranelike structure and is separated from the surrounding follicles. The size of the SCN first increases as age increases and then it tends to decrease as age advances further. This is similar to that of the follicles. Although the shape of the SCN usually appears to be round under single histological section, reconstruction revealed that the SCN takes a very irregular form, and that apparently separated groups of SCNs seen in a single section are actually connected with each other and form one SCN. The SCN was found in 81 cases (21%): 74 cases had one SCN, 13 cases had two to four SCNs in one lobe, 4 cases had two to six SCNs in two lobes. It was found in both fetus and aged with equal incidence. The number of SCNs was found equally in two lobes, and never found in the isthmus. No amyloid deposition, keratinizations or intercellular bridges are found in the SCN. Four out of 388 cases examined had aberrant thymus tissues and two of them were located closely to the SCN.

Various hypothesis about the histogenesis of the SCN have been reviewed. However, the present study warrants none of them.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE SPLEEN AND LIVER IN HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS
Authors: Matsumoto Noboru , Ishihara Tokuhiro , Shibata Masahiko , Uchino Fumiya , Nakashima Koji , Miwa Shiro
Published: December 2008

Electron microscopic findings of the red pulp of the spleen and liver from three patients with hereditary spherocytosis have been reported.

The sinus lumen of the spleen contained various amounts of red cell with reduced deformability. Pronounced engorgement of erythrocytes in the cordal space and various stages of erythrophagocytosis by the cordal macrophages were characteristic findings. The sinus lining cells also showed erythrophagocytosis and contained numerous dense bodies. Cordal macrophages and fibrous elements seemed to be more increased in the older patient.

Acid phosphatase activity of varied intensity was demonstrated in the erythrophagocytic vacuoles of cordal macrophages. As the intracellular degradation progressed, more intense activity of this enzyme was noted, indicating their lysosomal origin.

Splenic conditioning and enhanced destruction of defective red cells in the spleen were the main cause of hemolysis in hereditary spherocytosis.

In the liver, erythrophagocytosis by the Kupffer cells was also not infrequently noted, but the liver was estimated to play a minor role in HS.

The mechanism of hemolysis and the role of the spleen and liver in elimination of hereditary spherocytes have been discussed.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF CONGENITAL GOITER
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Mori Wataru , Miyagawa Noboru
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of so‐called congenital goiter of a female newborn is presented. It was an adult‐fist sized, horse‐shoe like goiter surrounding her fore‐neck, and caused air passage obstruction which most probably was the immediate cause of her death. Histologically, the mass consisted of hyperplastic follicles occasionally containing eosinophilic, colloid‐like substance. Clinically, the mother had had two episodes with possible relation to this change; (1) administration of potassium iodide (0.5 g/day) for the past 4 years including this pregnancy, (2) suspicious existence of latent hypothyroidism lasting for many years. Thus a possibility can be pointed out that the goiter was caused by administration of excess iodide and/or hypothyroidism of the mother during the pregnancy. A short discussion is also made on the relationship between histological findings of goiters and goitrogenic factors.
FAMILIAL OXALOSIS REPORT OF THREE CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Takahashi Atsushi , Saito Ken , Kondo Yoichiro , Kurosawa Takeshi
Published: December 2008

An unusual disorder of familial oxalosis In three siblings is described. Autopsies were carried out in Case 1 and Case 2. The findings were characterized by the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and various extrarenal organs. Hyperoxaluria, a pathognomonic sign in this disorder, and roentgenological nephrocalclnosis were demonstrated In living Case 3. Renal biopsy revealed minute intratubular deposition of calcium oxalate crystal. Result of electron microscopical investigation appeared to be normal. Chromosomal analysis of the family revealed no abnormality. Besides these three patients, one sister showed a slight elevation of urinary oxalate excretion. The mother, maternal uncle and aunt have suffered from microhematuria or urolithiasis, although urinary oxalate excretion is normal. Recent knowledges about the pathogenesis of primary oxalosis are reviewed and discussed.
RELAPSING POLYCHONDRITIS – REPORT OF A CASE WITH ULTRASTRUCTURAL FINDINGS OF THE EAR CARTILAGE –
Authors: Ishihaba Tokuhiro , Iwata Takako , Fubutani Harushige , Uchino Fumiya , Maeda Shoichi , Mogi GOTO , Honjo Shoichi
Published: December 2008

A case of relapsing polychondritis in a 48‐year‐old female is reported. In a biopsy specimen of the auricular cartilage, inflammatory cell infiltration with plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils, wandering of macrophages, fibroblasts and invasion of capillaries were found. The matrix showed loss of basophilia and markedly decreased reactivity with alcian blue staining. This decreased reactivity corresponds with decrease of small granules containing acid mucopolysaccharide ultrastructurally. The main pathologic change of relapsing polychondritis is the decrease of small granules in cartilage matrix, followed by inflammatory reaction, and degeneration of chondrocytes. The reason for the decrease in number of the small granules is still not clear, but an immune mechanism might be contributable.
MIXED MESODERMAL TUMOR OF THE OVARY
Authors: Fukui Hideaki , Taguchi Kohji
Published: December 2008

A case of mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary occurring In a nulliparous Japanese woman was reported. Histologically, two elements of tubular adenocarcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were intermingled and partly they were separated from each other. The epithelial component was very similar to that found in clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary. The histogenesis of this tumor was briefly discussed with particular emphasis on the unique histologic features.
HORMONAL IMPLICATION IN INITIATION and PROGRESSION OF EXPERIMENTAL MAMMARY TUMORS IN THE RAT
Authors: Takizawa Shoichi
Published: December 2008

Ovariectomy at any stage has completely inhibited the mammary tumorigenic action of N‐nitrosobutylurea (NBU) in female Wistar/Furth rats. Furthermore, a supplement with mammotropic pituitary hormone (MtH) by the grafting of a transplantable mammotropic pituitary tumor In the ovariectomized rats was not effective in restoration of mammary tumor development. However, growth of the established mammary tumor was not much affected by subsequent ovariectomy, If MtH was sufficiently supplied. It might be postulated that both ovarian hormones and MtH should act synergistically in the stage of “initiation” and MtH plays a role superior to the ovarian hormones in the stage of “progression” of mammary tumorigenesis with NBU. It was also found that NBU‐induced mammary tumors were less hormone responsive and less antigenic as compared to the mammary tumors induced with 7, 12‐dimethylbenz (a)‐anthracene.
FINE STRUCTURE OF CYTOPLASMIC PARACRYSTALLINE IN HUMAN HEPATIC PARENCHYMAL CELLS
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Uchino Fumiya , Furutani Harushige , Matsumoto Noboru
Published: December 2008

Cytoplasmic paracrystalline structures were observed in the hepatic parenchymal cells from a chronic alcoholic and non‐alcoholic patients. The structure consisted of parallel filaments 8 to 10 m/< thick and 15 m/< apart crossing each other at an approximate angle of 60o and forming lattice‐like structure. Such non‐membrane bound paracrystalline was mainly located near the nucleus and was estimated to correspond to the masses positively stained with PAS reaction. It may be probable that the cytoplasmic paracrystalline is a newly synthesized product or a stored substance.
TWO AUTOPSY CASES OF ATYPICAL MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER WITH GROUP C MONOSOMY OCCURRING IN SIBLINGS
Authors: Kamiyama Ryuichi , Shibata Toshikatsu , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

Two cases of atypical myeloproliferative disorder with monosomy of of a group C chromosome are described, which, to our best knowledge, are the first report of autopsied cases occurring in siblings.

Discussions are made mainly on the role of the group C chromosome in homeostatic control of hematopoiesis, with a short review of previously reported cases of similar or related conditions.

Appearance of relatively small megakaryocytes, with more or less decreased amount of PAS positive materials in their cytoplasm and vague platelet demarcation membrane, in our cases is also mentioned, which seemed to be responsible for clinically detected thrombocytopenia, to some extent.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL and HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF VASCULAR LESIONS IN MARFAN'S SYNDROME, WITH REPORT OF 4 AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Takebayashi Shigeo , Kubota Isamu , Takagi Toshihiko
Published: December 2008

Histochemical observation was conducted on arterial lesion in 4 cases of Marfan's syndrome and electron microscopic observation was also carried out on the aorta and gastroepiploic artery in 2 of the 4 cases. Acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS) noted In cystic medionecrosis demonstrated meshwork of spheres and threads, and showed the same structure as the ground substances widely distributed in the mesenchymal connective tissues including normal arteries and as AMPS in cystic medionecrosis‐like lesions such as arteriosclerosis, mesoaortitis syphilitica, and aortitis syndrome (Takayasu's disease). In histochemical observation, there was found no distinct qualitative difference between AMPS in Marfan's syndrome and that in controls. The overaccumulation of AMPS is not a direct cause of vascular lesions in Marfan's syndrome.

The pattern of degeneration of elastic fibers was peculiar to Marfan's syndrome but it also resembled senile change. Degeneration of elastic fibers was accompanied by regeneration in the same area. There was observed no electron microscopic anomaly in collagen fibers nor was found anomaly of fibrlllogenesis in media smooth muscle cells. From the point of view of cell pathology, attribution of the cause of vascular lesion merely to some enzyme deficiency results in much contradiction.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RABBIT ANTIBODIES IN MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Nakabayashi Masao
Published: December 2008

Four of 15 rabbits, injected with hen's egg albumin (EA) intramuscularly once a week for a period in excess of 12 weeks, developed membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). It was demonstrated that the quantities and qualities of antibodies produced in the MGN rabbits were different than those of non‐membranous glomerulonephritis (non‐MGN) rabbits. MGN rabbits produced small to moderate amounts of total antibodies and precipitating antibodies as measured by antigen‐binding capacity (ABC‐33) of Farr's method and precipitation with radioactive antigen (P‐80), particularly after 12 weeks of immunization. The precipitating efficiencies of the antibodies in their sera declines remarkably and their avidity were lower than those of non‐MGN rabbits late in the course of immunization. MGN rabbits formed relatively small antigen‐antibody complexes after intravenous injection of antigen, which were slowly removed from their circulation. From these results, it was concluded that the properties of antibodies correlated closely with the development of MGN.