bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling of Rural Energy Structure and Straw Utilization: Based on Cases in Hebei, China
Authors: Wang Qiang , Dogot Thomas , Huang Xianlei , Fang Linna , Yin Changbin
Published: January 2020

China’s coal-based energy structure is the main reason for the current high-level air pollution and carbon emissions. Now in the North China Plain, the government is vigorously promoting “coal to gas” and “coal to electricity” in the country and the vast rural areas. The development and utilization of biomass resources in agricultural areas is also an effective means of replacing coal. We propose the idea of forming a complementary rural energy structure of “biogas, briquetting, electricity (BBE)” model based on centralized biogas production (CBP) and straw briquetting fuel (SBF) to improve the rural energy structure. This article uses emergy analysis methods to analyze actual cases. It needs to have strengths and avoid weaknesses in mode selection. The process of the analysis reveals the disadvantages and improvement measures. Under the current capacity load, the emergy input and output, eco-economic indicators, sustainable development indicators, environmental load indicators, and economic value have their own advantages and disadvantages. Assuming 100% capacity load, the indicators have great optimization space. Reducing labor input during the planting phase can effectively reduce emergy input. The government needs to provide corresponding support based on the strengths and weaknesses of the project to keep the project sustainability. The development of complementary integration based on local conditions is an important measure to optimize the energy consumption structure in rural areas and improve the ecological environment.
Portfolio Optimization of Photovoltaic/Battery Energy Storage/Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Sustainability Perspective Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory and MOPSO
Authors: Liu Jicheng , Dai Qiongjie
Published: January 2020

Recently, an increasing number of photovoltaic/battery energy storage/electric vehicle charging stations (PBES) have been established in many cities around the world. This paper proposes a PBES portfolio optimization model with a sustainability perspective. First, various decision-making criteria are identified from perspectives of economy, society, and environment. Secondly, the performance of alternatives with respect to each criterion is evaluated in the form of trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TrIFN). Thirdly, the alternatives are ranked based on cumulative prospect theory. Then, a multi-objective optimization model is built and solved by multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to determine the optimal PBES portfolio. Finally, a case in South China is studied and a scenario analysis is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
T-2 Toxin Induces Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Chicken Hepatocytes
Authors: Yin Huadong , Han Shunshun , Chen Yuqi , Wang Yan , Li Diyan , Zhu Qing
Published: January 2020

T-2 toxin is type A trichothecenes mycotoxin, which produced by fusarium species in cereal grains. T-2 toxin has been shown to induce a series of toxic effects on the health of human and animal, such as immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Previous study has proven that T-2 toxin caused hepatotoxicity in chicken, but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we assessed the toxicological effect of T-2 toxin on apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocytes. The total of 120 1-day-old healthy broilers were allocated randomly into four groups and reared for 21 day with complete feed containing 0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg or 2 mg/kg T-2 toxin, respectively. The results showed that the apoptosis rate and pathological changes degree hepatocytes were aggravated with the increase of T-2 toxin. At the molecular mechanism level, T-2 toxin induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by producing reactive oxygen species, promoting cytochrome c translocation between the mitochondria and cytoplasm, and thus promoting apoptosomes formation. Meanwhile, the expression of the autophagy-related protein, ATG5, ATG7 and Beclin-1, and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were increased, while p62 was downregulated, suggesting T-2 toxin caused autophagy in hepatocytes. Further experiments demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal may be participated in autophagy induced by T-2 toxin in chicken hepatocytes. These data suggest a possible underlying molecular mechanism for T-2 toxin that induces apoptosis and autophagy in chicken hepatocytes
Replication Compartments of DNA Viruses in the Nucleus: Location, Location, Location
Authors: Charman Matthew , Weitzman Matthew D.
Published: January 2020

DNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus encompass a range of ubiquitous and clinically important viruses, from acute pathogens to persistent tumor viruses. These viruses must co-opt nuclear processes for the benefit of the virus, whilst evading host processes that would otherwise attenuate viral replication. Accordingly, DNA viruses induce the formation of membraneless assemblies termed viral replication compartments (VRCs). These compartments facilitate the spatial organization of viral processes and regulate virus–host interactions. Here, we review advances in our understanding of VRCs. We cover their initiation and formation, their function as the sites of viral processes, and aspects of their composition and organization. In doing so, we highlight ongoing and emerging areas of research highly pertinent to our understanding of nuclear-replicating DNA viruses.
Characteristics of Human OAS1 Isoform Proteins
Authors: Di Han , Elbahesh Husni , Brinton Margo A.
Published: January 2020

The human OAS1 (hOAS1) gene produces multiple possible isoforms due to alternative splicing events and sequence variation among individuals, some of which affect splicing. The unique C-terminal sequences of the hOAS1 isoforms could differentially affect synthetase activity, protein stability, protein partner interactions and/or cellular localization. Recombinant p41, p42, p44, p46, p48, p49 and p52 hOAS1 isoform proteins expressed in bacteria were each able to synthesize trimer and higher order 2′-5′ linked oligoadenylates in vitro in response to poly(I:C). The p42, p44, p46, p48 and p52 isoform proteins were each able to induce RNase-mediated rRNA cleavage in response to poly(I:C) when overexpressed in HEK293 cells. The expressed levels of the p42 and p46 isoform proteins were higher than those of the other isoforms, suggesting increased stability in mammalian cells. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, Fibrillin1 (FBN1) was identified as a binding partner for hOAS1 p42 isoform, and Supervillin (SVIL) as a binding partner for the p44 isoform. The p44-SVIL interaction was supported by co-immunoprecipitation data from mammalian cells. The data suggest that the unique C-terminal regions of hOAS1 isoforms may mediate the recruitment of different partners, alternative functional capacities and/or different cellular localization.
Natural Products-Derived Chemicals: Breaking Barriers to Novel Anti-HSV Drug Development
Authors: Treml Jakub , Gazdová Markéta , Šmejkal Karel , Šudomová Miroslava , Kubatka Peter , Hassan Sherif T. S.
Published: January 2020

Recently, the problem of viral infection, particularly the infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), has dramatically increased and caused a significant challenge to public health due to the rising problem of drug resistance. The antiherpetic drug resistance crisis has been attributed to the overuse of these medications, as well as the lack of new drug development by the pharmaceutical industry due to reduced economic inducements and challenging regulatory requirements. Therefore, the development of novel antiviral drugs against HSV infections would be a step forward in improving global combat against these infections. The incorporation of biologically active natural products into anti-HSV drug development at the clinical level has gained limited attention to date. Thus, the search for new drugs from natural products that could enter clinical practice with lessened resistance, less undesirable effects, and various mechanisms of action is greatly needed to break the barriers to novel antiherpetic drug development, which, in turn, will pave the road towards the efficient and safe treatment of HSV infections. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of the recent advances in natural antiherpetic agents. Additionally, this paper covers a large scale of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, peptides, and other miscellaneous compounds derived from various sources of natural origin (plants, marine organisms, microbial sources, lichen species, insects, and mushrooms) with promising activities against HSV infections; these are in vitro and in vivo studies. This work also highlights bioactive natural products that could be used as templates for the further development of anti-HSV drugs at both animal and clinical levels, along with the potential mechanisms by which these compounds induce anti-HSV properties. Future insights into the development of these molecules as safe and effective natural anti-HSV drugs are also debated.
Comparison of the Pathogenicity in Mice of A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated between 2009 and 2015 in Japan
Authors: Mitake Hiromichi , Yasuhara Atsuhiro , Lopes Tiago J. S. , Tagawa-Sakai Yuko , Shimizu Kohei , Ozawa Hiroki , Kawakami Chiharu , Morikawa Saeko , Sugaya Norio , Watanabe Tokiko , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: January 2020

The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus emerged in 2009 and continues to circulate in human populations. Recent A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, that is, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in the post-pandemic era, can cause more or less severe infections than those caused by the initial pandemic viruses. To evaluate the changes in pathogenicity of the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses during their continued circulation in humans, we compared the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ten A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated in Japan between 2009 and 2015, and experimentally infected mice with each virus. The severity of infection caused by these Japanese isolates ranged from milder to more severe than that caused by the prototypic pandemic strain A/California/04/2009 (CA04/09); however, specific mutations responsible for their pathogenicity have not yet been identified.
West Nile or Usutu Virus? A Three-Year Follow-Up of Humoral and Cellular Response in a Group of Asymptomatic Blood Donors
Authors: Percivalle Elena , Cassaniti Irene , Sarasini Antonella , Rovida Francesca , Adzasehoun Kodjo Messan Guy , Colombini Ilaria , Isernia Paola , Cuppari Irene , Baldanti Fausto
Published: January 2020

West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are two related arboviruses (genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae), with birds as a reservoir and mosquitoes as transmitting vectors. In recent years, WNV epidemiology changed in many European countries with increased frequency of outbreaks posing the issue of virus transmission risks by blood transfusion. USUV emerged for the first time in birds of the Tuscany region (Italy) in 1996 and in 2001 in Austria. While WNV is responsible for both mild and neuroinvasive diseases, USUV infection is usually asymptomatic and neuroinvasive symptoms are rare. Since WNV and USUV co-circulate, the surveillance of WNV allows also the detection of USUV. Due to the great similarity in amino-acid sequence of major surface proteins of the two viruses, a high cross-reactivity can lead to misinterpretation of serological results. Here, we report the results obtained from 54 asymptomatic blood donors during a three-year follow-up showing an unexpected high positivity (46.3%) for USUV. The major obstacle encountered in the differential diagnosis between these two viruses was the high cross-reactivity found in neutralizing antibodies (NT Abs) and, in some cases, a long follow-up was mandatory for a correct diagnosis. Moreover, two new ELISpot assays were developed for a more rapid and specific differential diagnosis, especially in those cases in which NT Abs were not determinant. Using a combination of Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), molecular, and serological tests, we could identify 25 true positive WNV and 25 true positive USUV blood donors. Our data highlight the importance of raising awareness for increasing USUV infections in endemic countries involved in blood transfusion and organ donation.
Cost of Water Use for Negotiating Rates in Energy Exchanges: Evidence from the Hydroelectric Industry
Authors: Osorio-Agudelo Jair-Albeiro , Naranjo-Gil David , Ripoll-Feliu Vicente
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes the importance of the cost of dam water use in hydroelectric generators according to the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) and Management Accounting. Not valuing the use of water from dams would imply undervaluing energy generation service, leading to a lack of reasonability in the Financial Statements of electricity generators. For this reason, it is vital to recognize that dam water has a cost that directly impacts the Statement of Financial Position as an asset and later, in energy generation and commercialization, its cost will impact the statement of profit or loss, according to the IFRS as good accounting and financial practices around the world. Said cost will also be an important indicator for rationalizing consumption, defining public policy, or determining energy tariffs. An empirical study is conducted for Colombia and Norway, two of the main countries in the world whose primary source of energy generation is water. The results evidence the need for hydroelectric generators to present the cost of their hydric reserve as intangibles inventories because of its potential capacity to generate electric power. Additionally, there is a positive and significant relationship between the cost of water and the price of energy, and a negative relationship between the price of energy and dam levels.
Optimizing Substrate Available Water and Coir Amendment Rate in Pine Bark Substrates
Authors: Basiri Jahromi Nastaran , Fulcher Amy , Walker Forbes , Altland James
Published: January 2020

Water resources can be used more efficiently by including sustainable substrate components like coir that increase water-holding capacity. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of coir amendment rate on plant available water and plant gas exchange, with the goal of optimizing substrate available water and determining the optimum coir amendment rate in a greenhouse environment. The second objective was to establish the optimum method of determining plant available water using either plant gas exchange parameters or substrate physical properties. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with Hydrangea paniculata ‘Jane’ (Little Lime® hardy hydrangea) potted with one of five different coir rates (0%, 10%, 25%, 40% and 65%) mixed with pine bark on a volume basis. Plant gas exchange parameters and substrate water content were measured daily over a range of increasingly drier substrate moisture contents. Actual photosynthetic rates increased with increasing coir amendment rate and were highest with 65% coir amendment. Amending pine bark with coir increased the water storage capacity, plant available water, and plant gas exchange parameters. Results suggest that 65% coir amendment rate was the optimum amendment rate among those tested in a greenhouse environment and plant photosynthetic rate was the better method of determining plant available water.
Catchment-Scale Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Hydrologic Modelling Using Conceptual and Physically Based Models: A Model Comparison Study
Authors: Bizhanimanzar Mohammad , Leconte Robert , Nuth Mathieu
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the use of an externally linked (MOBIDIC-MODFLOW) and a physically based (MIKE SHE) surface water-groundwater model to capture the integrated hydrologic responses of the Thomas Brook catchment, in Canada. The main objective of the study is to investigate the effect of simplification in representation of the hydrological processes in MOBIDIC-MODFLOW on its simulation accuracy. To this aim, MOBIDIC and MODFLOW were coupled in order to sequentially exchange the groundwater recharge and baseflow discharges within each computation time step. Using identical sets of hydrogeological properties for the two models, the coefficients of the gravity and capillary reservoirs in MOBIDIC were calibrated so as to closely predict the hydrological budget of the catchment simulated with MIKE SHE. The simulated results show that the two models can closely replicate the observed water table responses at two monitoring wells. However, in very shallow water table locations, the instantaneous response of the water table was not precisely captured in MOBIDIC-MODFLOW. Additionally, the simplified conceptualization of the unsaturated flow in MOBIDIC-MODFLOW resulted in overestimated groundwater recharge during spring and underestimation during summer. Moreover, the computational efficiency of MOBIDIC-MODFLOW, as compared to MIKE SHE, along with less required input data, confirms its potential for regional scale groundwater-surface water interaction modelling applications.
High-Resolution, Integrated Hydrological Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on a Semi-Arid Urban Watershed in Niamey, Niger
Authors: Boko Boubacar Abdou , Konaté Moussa , Yalo Nicaise , Berg Steven J. , Erler Andre R. , Bazié Pibgnina , Hwang Hyoun-Tae , Seidou Ousmane , Niandou Albachir Seydou , Schimmel Keith , Sudicky Edward A.
Published: January 2020

This study evaluates the impact of climate change on water resources in a large, semi-arid urban watershed located in the Niamey Republic of Niger, West Africa. The watershed was modeled using the fully integrated surface–subsurface HydroGeoSphere model at a high spatial resolution. Historical (1980–2005) and projected (2020–2050) climate scenarios, derived from the outputs of three regional climate models (RCMs) under the regional climate projection (RCP) 4.5 scenario, were statistically downscaled using the multiscale quantile mapping bias correction method. Results show that the bias correction method is optimum at daily and monthly scales, and increased RCM resolution does not improve the performance of the model. The three RCMs predicted increases of up to 1.6% in annual rainfall and of 1.58 °C for mean annual temperatures between the historical and projected periods. The durations of the minimum environmental flow (MEF) conditions, required to supply drinking and agricultural water, were found to be sensitive to changes in runoff resulting from climate change. MEF occurrences and durations are likely to be greater from 2020–2030, and then they will be reduced for the 2030–2050 statistical periods. All three RCMs consistently project a rise in groundwater table of more than 10 m in topographically high zones, where the groundwater table is deep, and an increase of 2 m in the shallow groundwater table.
Identification of Foulants on Polyethersulfone Membranes Used to Remove Colloids and Dissolved Matter from Paper Mill Treated Effluent
Authors: Sousa Mayko Rannany S. , Lora-García Jaime , López-Pérez María-Fernanda , Heran Marc
Published: January 2020

In this study, membrane fouling caused by paperboard mill treated effluent (PMTE) was investigated based on a dead-end ultrafiltration (UF) pilot-scale study. The membranes employed were commercial hydrophobic UF membranes made of polyethersulfone (PES) with a molecular weight cut-off of 10 kDa, 50 kDa, and 100 kDa. Membrane fouling mechanism during dead-end filtration, chemical analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive spectrophotometry (EDS), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and 3D fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (3DEEM) analysis were applied to understand which fraction of the dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) caused the membrane fouling. The results indicated that the phenomenon controlling fouling mechanism tended to be cake layer formation (R2 ≥ 0.98) for all membranes tested. The 3DEEM results indicate that the majority of the organic foulants with fluorescence characteristics on the membrane were colloidal proteins (protein-like substances I+II) and macromolecular proteins (soluble microbial products, SMP-like substances). In addition, polysaccharide (cellulosic species), fatty and resin acid substances were identified on the fouled membrane by the ATR–FTIR analysis and play an important role in membrane fouling. In addition, the FESEM and EDS analyses indicate that the presence of inorganic foulants on the membrane surfaces, such as metal ions and especially Ca2+, can accelerate membrane fouling, whereas Mg and Si are linked to reversible fouling.
Analysis of Seepage in a Laboratory Scaled Model Using Passive Optical Fiber Distributed Temperature Sensor
Authors: Ghafoori Yaser , Maček Matej , Vidmar Andrej , Říha Jaromír , Kryžanowski Andrej
Published: January 2020

Seepage is the key factor in the safety of dikes and earth-fill dams. It is crucial to identify and localize the seepage excesses at the early stages before it initiates the internal erosion process in the structure. A proper seepage monitoring system should ensure a continuous and wide area seepage measurement. Here, continuous monitoring of seepage at the laboratory-scale is achieved by a passive optical fiber Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) system. An experimental model was designed which consists of initially unsaturated sand model, water supply, seepage outflow, optical fiber DTS system, and water and air temperature measurement. Initially, the sand temperature was higher than the temperature of the seepage water. An optical fiber DTS system was employed with a high-temperature resolution, short sampling intervals and short time intervals for temperature monitoring in the sand model. In the system, the small variation in the temperature due to groundwater flow was detected. The numerical analysis was conducted for both the seepage process and the heat transfer progression in the sand model. The results of the heat flow simulation were evaluated and compared with the measured temperature by the optical fiber DTS. Obvious temperature reduction was obtained due to seepage propagation in the sand. The rate of temperature reduction was observed to be dependent on the seepage flow velocity.
Flood Consequences of Land-Use Changes at a Ski Resort: Overcoming a Geomorphological Threshold (Portainé, Eastern Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Furdada Glòria , Victoriano Ane , Díez-Herrero Andrés , Génova Mar , Guinau Marta , De las Heras Álvaro , Palau Rosa Mª , Hürlimann Marcel , Khazaradze Giorgi , Casas Josep Maria , Margalef Aina , Pinyol Jordi , González Marta
Published: January 2020

The sensitive mountain catchment of Portainé (Eastern Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula) has recently experienced a significant change in its torrential dynamics due to human disturbances. The emplacement of a ski resort at the headwaters led to the surpassing of a geomorphological threshold, with important consequences during flood events. Consequently, since 2008, channel dynamics have turned into sediment-laden, highly destructive torrential flows. In order to assess this phenomenon and o acquire a holistic understanding of the catchment’s behaviour, we carried out a field work-based multidisciplinary study. We considered the interaction of the various controlling factors, including bedrock geology, geomorphological evolution, derived soils and coluvial deposits, rainfall patterns, and the hydrological response of the catchment to flood events. Moreover, anthropogenic land-use changes, its consequential hydrogeomorphic effects and the role of vegetation were also taken into account. Robust sedimentological and geomorphological evidence of ancient dense debris flows show that the basin has shifted around this threshold, giving rise to two different behaviours or equilibrium conditions throughout its history: alternating periods of moderate, bedload-laden flows and periods of high sediment-laden debris flow dynamics. This shifting could have extended through the Holocene. Finally, we discuss the possible impact of climate and global change, as the projected effects suggest future soil and forest degradation; this, jointly with more intense rainfalls in these mountain environments, would exacerbate the future occurrence of dense sediment-laden flows at Portainé, but also in other nearby, similar basins.
An Innovative Tool for the Management of the Surface Drinking Water Resources at European Level: GOWARE—Transnational Guide Towards an Optimal WAter REgime
Authors: Rizzo Angela , Banovec Primoz , Cilenšek Ajda , Rianna Guido , Santini Monia
Published: January 2020

GOWARE (transnational Guide toward an Optimal WAter REgime) represents a Decision Support Tool (DST) developed to support the implementation of innovative Best Management Practices (BMPs) for drinking water protection and flood/drought risk mitigation. The tool is one of the main outputs of the PROLINE-CE Project, an EU project funded within the Interreg Central Europe (CE) Programme (2014–2020). The aim of this paper is illustrating the design and the methodological approaches proposed for the operative development of the tool. Furthermore, the paper provides the results of a number of tests carried out to evaluate the understandability of the analysis’s processes and assessing the stakeholders’ acceptance. Specifically, GOWARE-DST has been developed for supporting single users or groups of users in the decision-making process. The tool has been provided with a catalogue of 92 BMPs to handle water issues in different land use contexts. The selection of practices suitable for addressing the specific user’s requirements is supported by the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a method that allows filtering a subset of BMPs by accounting for the relative importance that the user assigns to each characterizing criterion. GOWARE-DST represents an innovative tool for supporting users at different levels of planning (operational and strategic) by promoting sustainable land and water management and defining long-term governance activities.
BOAS PRÁTICAS PARA ESTUDANTES DE EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA EM UMA TURMA DE PEDAGOGIA
Authors: Conceição Marcio Magera , Shitsuka Ricardo , Pereira Alaíde Japecanga , Scheibel Maria Fani
Published: January 2020

Resumo
A Educação a Distância tem avançado no Brasil e acredita-se que dentro de alguns anos é possível que haja mais matrículas no ensino superior a distância que no presencial. Muitos estudantes, no entanto, não se adaptam a esta modalidade que exige autonomia pedagógica e dedicação aos estudos e há separação física entre quem ensina e quem aprende e entre os estudantes sendo que a tentativa de minimizar os efeitos dessa separação vem por meio dos recursos eletrônicos. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar um estudo de pesquisa-ação no qual os alunos inicialmente têm dificuldade mas passam a adotar boas práticas. Boas práticas estão relacionadas às técnicas identificadas como as melhores para realizar determinada tarefa ou trabalho. Os resultados, neste estudo, apontam para melhoria nos resultados e o sucesso os alunos no curso a Distância.

Palavras-chave: Ensino a distância; Metodologia; Aprendizagem; Estudante.

Summary
Distance Education has advanced in Brazil and it is believed that within a few years it is possible that there are more enrollments in distance learning than in the classroom. Many students, however, do not adapt to this modality that demands pedagogical autonomy and dedication to the studies and there is physical separation between who teaches and who learns and among the students being that the attempt to minimize the effects of this separation comes through electronic resources . The purpose of this article is to present an action research study in which students initially have difficulty but begin to adopt good practices. Good practices are related to the techniques identified as best to perform a certain task or job. The results, in this study, point to improvement in the results and success of the students in the distance course.

Keywords: Distance learning; Methodology; Learning; Student.

Resumen
La Educación a Distancia ha avanzado en Brasil y se cree que dentro de algunos años es posible que haya más matrículas en la enseñanza superior a distancia que en el presencial. Muchos estudiantes, sin embargo, no se adaptan a esta modalidad que exige autonomía pedagógica y dedicación a los estudios y hay separación física entre quien enseña y quien aprende y entre los estudiantes siendo que el intento de minimizar los efectos de esa separación viene por medio de los recursos electrónicos . El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar un estudio de investigación-acción en el cual los alumnos inicialmente tienen dificultad pero pasan a adoptar buenas prácticas. Buenas prácticas están relacionadas con las técnicas identificadas como las mejores para realizar determinada tarea o trabajo. Los resultados, en este estudio, apuntan para mejorar en los resultados y el éxito los alumnos en el curso a Distancia.

Palabras clave: Enseñanza a distancia; metodología; Aprendizaje; Estudiante.
AS RELAÇÕES INTERPESSOAIS NA ENFERMAGEM: INFLUÊNCIA DA LIDERANÇA NA MOTIVAÇÃO DA EQUIPE TÉCNICA
Authors: Novato Débora Silveira , Nunes Emanulle Caires Dias Araújo
Published: January 2020

Introdução. A liderança em enfermagem é uma temática de crescente interesse pela capacidade que ela tem de influenciar os comportamentos de cuidado da equipe. Objetivos. O estudo buscou compreender a influência das relações interpessoais construídas pela liderança na motivação do técnico de enfermagem. Método. Trata-se de pesquisa descritivo-exploratória qualitativa, realizada em dois hospitais do interior da Bahia com oito técnicos de enfermagem através de entrevista semiestruturada analisada mediante Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados. Expressaram a importância do relacionamento interpessoal construído dentro da equipe para a motivação, a percepção dos técnicos de enfermagem sobre o estilo de liderança do enfermeiro e a existência de sentimentos motivacionais e desmotivacionais na equipe. Conclusão. As reflexões finais apontam para a necessidade de relações interpessoais vinculares dentro da Enfermagem, nas quais a condução esteja afinada com a Liderança Servil na perspectiva de valorização e motivação da equipe para o cuidado de si e do outro.
ANÁLISE LEXICAL SOBRE MINORIAS SEXUAIS E DE GÊNERO: PERSPECTIVAS DE ESTUDANTES DE GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Authors: Sales Sulamyta Queren Liberato , Faria Jane Grace Andrade de , Pina-Oliveira Alfredo Almeida
Published: January 2020

Introdução: A formação inicial de futuros profissionais de saúde constitui uma oportunidade relevante para a incorporação de temáticas relacionadas à defesa de direitos humanos e do cuidado de minorias sexuais e de gênero. Objetivo: identificar termos relacionados às minorias sexuais na perspectiva de estudantes de graduação em saúde. Método: tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa baseada no estudo de dois casos representados por duas Instituições de Ensino Superior paulistas. Adotou-se a análise lexical das respostas de 262 estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Psicologia e Odontologia e com apoio do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados: os estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem enfatizam o cuidado respeitoso, o tratamento igualitário, a maior abordagem das temáticas LGBT+ durante os respectivos cursos, o enfrentamento de práticas discriminatórias e a construção de uma futura identidade profissional mais aberta à diversidade humana. Conclusão: evidencia-se a necessidade de desenvolver competências sensíveis às especificidades das minorias sexuais e de gênero com ênfase no cuidado respeitoso, equitativo e integral desde a formação inicial dos futuros profissionais de saúde.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DO TRABALHADOR COMO OS PROGRAMAS DE QVT PODEM MELHORAR O DESEMPENHO DOS MOTORISTAS DE TRANSPORTE DE PRODUTOS PERIGOSOS. 
Authors: Felix Juliana Soares , Moledo Júlio Cesar
Published: January 2020

Esta monografia apresenta um breve estudo sobre QVT  qualidade de vida do trabalhador. Serão mostrados alguns processos de trabalho, abordando formas e normas regulamentadoras ergonômicas e motivos e causas de acidentes nas principais rodovias e modelo do QVT, para Nadler e Lawler, Hackman e Walton e apresentar os direitos dos motoristas conforme a legislação CLT, logística empresarial, fatores motivacionais, higiênico e programas QVT. Serão apresentadas sugestões que pode ser implantado nos programas de qualidade de vida do trabalhador no setor de transportadoras de produtos químicos, para que possa esta trazendo mais motivações para os motorista que passa a maior parte nas rodovias. Assim podendo deixar claro que a qualidade de vida do indivíduo também depende da qualidade de vida no trabalho, pois o trabalho assume papel central na vida das pessoas. Qualidade de vida é trabalhar, onde se sente bem com transparência nas relações internas, equilíbrio econômico e criatividade. A maior ênfase é de que se pode estar implantando programas que possa trazer satisfação, dando uma qualidade melhor para seus colaboradores e trazendo satisfação e qualidade no serviço para as organizações.
Honey price estimation for the future in Turkey; example of 2019- 2020
Authors: ÇEVRİMLİ Mustafa Bahadır , ARIKAN Mehmet Saltuk , TEKİNDAL Mustafa Agah
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the present study is to develop models for the time series data of honey prices in Turkey between 1998 and 2018 using Box-Jenkins and Winter's Exponential Smoothing methods and to evaluate the TRY- and US$-denominated forecasts made using such models for 2019-2020. The method employed to analyse the time series data is the Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). The most suitable model to forecast the honey prices was found to be SARIMA (2,1,2)(1,0,1) for TRY-denominated prices and SARIMA (0,1,3)(0,0,0) for US$-denominated prices. It was forecast that the average price of 1 kg of honey would be 49.08 TRY/6.15 US$ at the end of 2020. Since the study will provide beekeepers with information on future prices, it will help them better plan their production activities. The price forecasts in this study will be useful for producers and those involved in sale of honey with respect to prediction of how the honey prices will change in the years to come.
Knowledge and attitudes in food safety and the occurrence of indicator bacteria on hands of food handlers at the point of pastrami sale
Authors: YILDIRIM Yeliz , ERTAŞ ONMAZ Nurhan , GÖNÜLALAN Zafer , HIZLISOY Harun , AL Serhat , KARADAL Fulden , KUM Erhan , AKÇAY Aytaç
Published: January 2020

The aim this study was to evaluate food safety knowledge and attitudes of food handlers and to determine the presence of indicator bacteria on the hands of food handlers in the pastrami retail points in Kayseri, Turkey. Food handlers were interviewed and the samples were taken from their hands by touching the petri dishes. Food handlers’ knowledge and attitudes were evaluated by questionnaires and checklists. Conventional methods were followed for microbiological analyses. The presence of total coliforms, E. coli, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus on the hands of food handlers were analyzed. Results indicated that coliforms were present in 37.3% of food handlers hands and 32% exceeded the limit when compared to the literature suggesting a target value of ˂2.5 cfu/cm2. E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae and S. aureus were present in 10.6%, 44.6% and 34% of handler’s hands, respectively. Food safety knowledge evaluation received high scores with mean score of 69.06%. Only one handler was below the score of 50%. Despite the high scores on food safety knowledge, high numbers of hand samples were found to be contaminated with pathogens. Data obtained from this study reveal that despite their adequate food safety knowledge, food handlers on pastrami retail points were found insufficient for implementation. Therefore, it is not only sufficient to provide food safety trainings but also the sources of problems, such as lack of hygiene infrastructure, in the practice should be identified and resolved in retail points.
First molecular data on the validity of Myxobolus ichkeulensis (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) from Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) in Turkish waters
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞ Cenk Soner , PEKMEZCİ Gökmen Zafer , YARDIMCI Banu , ÖZPİÇAK Melek , YILMAZ Savaş , POLAT Nazmi
Published: January 2020

To date, there is no report on molecular characterisation of Myxobolus ichkeulensis in Mugil cephalus (Mugilidae) in Turkish marine waters. The aim of the current research was to provide the first molecular data on M. ichkeulensis from M. cephalus in Turkish Black Sea coasts. A total of 40 M. cephalus specimens were examined for the presence of M. ichkeulensis in the Turkish Black Sea coasts during January 2017 and April 2017. In the present study, M. ichkeulensis was identified based upon the myxospore morphology, host and tissue specificity, and SSU rRNA sequence. Phylogenetic analysis using neighbor-joining also revealed that our isolate (#GZP-2018-Samsun1) was clustered with other Myxobolus species that infect M. cephalus. The current study includes the morphological and histopathological descriptions and first molecular data on M. ichkeulensis in M. cephalus in Turkish marine waters. M. ichkeulensis was also reported from the M. cephalus in the coast of the Black Sea in Turkey for the first time. Moreover, our current genetic data was recorded as the new valid SSU rRNA sequence (MH374629) for M. ichkeulensis in the GenBank database.
The effects of fumaric and malic acids on the in vitro true digestibility of some alternative feedstuffs for ruminants
Authors: GENÇ Buğra , SALMAN Mustafa , BÖLÜKBAŞ Bora , KAYA İsmail , AÇICI Mustafa
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of different amounts of fumaric acid (FA) and malic acid (MA) to the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust, acacia), Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel), Quercus cerris (oak), and Camellia sinensis (tea factory wastes, TFW), to improve their value as alternative feeds for ruminants. The parameters examined were the in vitro true digestibility of feed (IVTDAs fed), dry matter (IVTDDM), organic matter (IVTDOM), neutral detergent fiber (IVTDNDF) and count of protozoans. The digestibility experiments were performed with a DAISY incubator system. Organic acids were not added in the control group and 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.3% FA or MA were added to the experimental groups. Each treatment was replicated 6 times. Samples were incubated for 48 hours. Fumaric acid significantly reduced (P<0.01) all digestibility values of R. pseudoacacia leaves. When FA was applied at 0.1% to C. sinensis factory wastes, the IVTDOM increased significantly (P <0.05), with the same effect observed for Q. cerris (P<0.01). However, for the addition of 0.1% FA, IVTDAs Fed, IVTDDM and IVTDNDF values decreased significantly (P<0.01). Separately, malic acid did not have a significant effect on the in vitro true digestibility values determined in this study (P>0.05). Rumen protozoan counts decreased for both organic acid applications compared to counts in the fresh rumen contents. Because 0.1% fumaric acid increased the IVTDOM values of both C. sinensis factory wastes and Q. cerris leaves they can be considered potential alternative feed sources for ruminants.
Risk management practices of specialized banks in Pakistan
Authors: Ishtiaq Muhammad , Tufail Muhammad Shahid , Mateen Muhammad , Muneer Saqib
Published: January 2020

The issue of risk management in banks got an important place after the financial crises. Several efforts have been made to improve the risk management and performance of banks including introducing the Basel Accords as well as risk management guidelines by central banks. Consequently, the State Bank of Pakistan has issued risk management guidelines to strengthen the risk management system and to avoid unwanted happening. Specialized banks also play an important role in different sector of economy. As being the part of financial system need is to analyze the degree of Risk Management Practice in these banks also. So this study will be efforts to critically evaluate the specialized banks regarding risk management practices in their operations. Keywords:Risk Management Practices, Specialized banks
Remote geological mapping using 3D photogrammetry: an example from Karrat, West Greenland
Authors: Vest Sørensen Erik , Guarnieri Pierpaolo
Published: January 2020

The geology of the Paleoproterozoic Karrat Group in West Greenland (71°–74°50´N) was investigated during the field seasons 2015–2017, using a combination of digital photogrammetry and traditional field work in a collaboration between the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland and the Ministry of Minerals Resources of Greenland. The area is characterised by steep alpine terrain with more than 2000 m of relief that in many places is completely inaccessible, which makes field work extremely difficult. Therefore 3D mapping using digital photogrammetry is an invaluable tool in the investigation of the region. Early geological investigations of the area involved the first use of photogrammetry in Greenland (Henderson & Pulvertaft 1987). This contribution serves as an example of the present-day use of photogrammetry in geological interpretation, following the workflow outlined in Sørensen & Dueholm (2018). During the last three years, more than 50 000 stereo images have been collected using handheld, calibrated digital cameras while conducting field work in the area (Rosa et al. 2016, 2017, 2018). The images, which cover large parts of the steep cliff sections in which the geology is superbly exposed, are essential to the ongoing revision of the geological map sheets covering the area. Here we present a small subset of the data from the island of Karrat (Fig. 1), showcasing the potential of 3D geological mapping in Greenland as well as presenting new insights into the geology of the Karrat Group.
European trading, whaling and climate history of West Greenland documented by historical records, drones and marine sediments
Authors: Mikkelsen Naja , Kuijpers Antoon , Ribeiro Sofia , Myrup Mikkel , Seiding Inge , Lennert Ann E.
Published: January 2020

The European trading and whaling activities of the 17th– 19th centuries provide records of climate and sea- ice conditions off West Greenland in the form of ships’ logs and other official documents in many archives around Europe. These documents, combined with evidence from marine sediments, help describe climate changes in general, and seaice volume changes in particular, in connection with human activity in the region. The Greenland National Museum & Archives in Nuuk (NKA) hosts a unique collection of original documents presenting detailed insight into weather and ice conditions as well as the daily life of the colonial centres and outposts recorded by the documents of the Danish administration. These documents also reveal many aspects of the interaction between the Inuit and Europeans from 1779 onwards. Information retrieved from the archives in Nuuk has been combined with results from palaeo-environmental investigations of marine sediment cores to unravel climate variability and changes in sea ice. This information has been supplemented with data from an extensive field programme using drones to document onshore remains from the whaling period in the Disko Bugt region (Fig. 1).
Initial field activities of the Camp Century Climate Monitoring Programme in Greenland
Authors: Colgan William , Pedersen Allan , Binder Daniel , Machguth Horst , Abermann Jakob , Jayred Mike
Published: January 2020

Camp Century was a military base constructed by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1959 in the near-surface layers of the Greenland ice sheet at 77.13°N, 61.03°W and 1886 m above sea level (Clark 1965; Fig. 1). The base housed up to 200 military personel and was continuously occupied until 1964. After three years of additional seasonal operation, the base was abandoned with minimal decommissioning in 1967. Recent Danish scholarship has documented the political and military history of Camp Century in detail (Nielsen & Nielsen 2016). In 2016, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) participated in a multi-nation study that presented regional climate simulations that suggested the icesheet surface mass balance at Camp Century may change from net accumulation to net ablation by 2100 under the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change RCP8.5 ‘business-as-usual’ climate scenario. However, according to Colgan et al. (2016), net accumulation would persist beyond 2100 at Camp Century under the climate-change mitigation characterised by RCP4.5, an approximately ‘Paris Agreement’ climate scenario. In 2017, in response to concerns from the Government of Greenland over the potential to remobilisation of contaminants from Camp Century within the next century, the Government of Denmark established a programme for long-term climate monitoring and detailed one-time surveying of the debris field at Camp Century (Colgan et al. 2017). This report describes the initial field activities of the Camp Century Climate Monitoring Programme in the context of the four programme goals: 1. To continuously monitor relevant climate variables, including the depth to which meltwater percolates, at the Camp Century site. 2. To regularly update annual likelihoods of meltwater interacting with abandoned materials at the Camp Century site over the next century. 3. To map the estimated spatial extent and vertical depth of abandoned wastes across the Camp Century site. 4. To publicly report all findings from the Camp Century Climate Monitoring Programme in a timely manner.
Examining the rare-earth elements (REE) supply– demand balance for future global wind power scenarios
Authors: Kalvig Per , Machacek Erika
Published: January 2020

Rare-earth elements (REE) are considered Critical Raw Materials (CRM; EC 2018; US Department of the Interior 2018) and essential in the technological transformation of the energy sector into carbon-free technologies such as wind turbines, electrified transport and LED-lights. The new technologies have led to swiftly expanding markets for REE products, in which China has achieved a monopolistic role in all segments of the REE value chains. Political strategies aimed to establish REE supplies outside China are currently being implemented within the EU and in other Western countries in order to ensure an adequate future REE supply. However, new REE value chains outside China have not yet materialised. The aim of this paper is to assess whether the global REE supply from present and potential mines can keep pace with the REE demand for the expanding offshore wind energy sector (Fig. 1). A successful development of this sector outside China relies on an adequate supply of particularly neodymium (Nd) and to some extent praseodymium (Pr), terbium (Tb) and dysprosium (Dy), used in permanent magnets for windmill generators. In 2015, about 82% of the global Nd-oxide production was used in the permanent magnets production (Adamas 2016). Here we evaluate the future supply and demand situations for Nd, Pr, Tb and Dy in the global wind energy sector in the form of three scenarios, one for 2020 and two for 2030 based on high and low demand. The balance is discussed. Our assessment reflects the challenge caused by limited insight into the REE supply chains inside China, and the figures presented in this paper are therefore only indicative.