bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of an integrated dermoscopic scoring method in an European teledermoscopy web platform: the iDScore project for early detection of melanoma
Authors: Tognetti L. , Cevenini G. , Moscarella E. , Cinotti E. , Farnetani F. , Lallas A. , Tiodorovic D. , Carrera C. , Puig S. , Perrot J.L. , Longo C. , Argenziano G. , Pellacani G. , Smargiassi E. , Cataldo G. , Cartocci A. , Balistreri A. , Rubegni P.
Published: August 2019

Background

Although live and teledermoscopic examination has been successfully used to achieve non‐invasive diagnosis of melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs), early melanoma (EM) and atypical nevi (AN) continue to be a challenge, and none of the various algorithms proposed have been sufficiently accurate. We designed a scoring classifier diagnostic method, the iDScore that combines clinical data of the patient with dermoscopic features of the MSL.

Objective

To test the accuracy of the iDScore in differentiating EM from AN in a teledermoscopy setting and to compare it with intuitive diagnosis, the ABCD rule and the seven‐point checklist.

Materials and methods

A dedicated teledermoscopy web platform was designed. This involved the following: (i) collecting a large integrated clinical–historical–dermoscopic data set of difficult MSLs from eight European dermatology centres; (ii) online testing, education and training in using the iDScore. A total of 904 images were combined with age, sex, lesion diameter and body site data and evaluated on the platform by 111 participants with four levels of skill in dermoscopy. Each testing session consisted of 30 blind cases to examine consecutively by the above four methods. ‘Management decisions’ and personal participant data were also recorded.

Results

iDScore‐aided diagnosis achieved satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for all lesions, irrespective of centre of affiliation, showing an average AUC of 0.776 in all participant testing sessions. All skill groups improved their accuracy by 10–16% with respect to intuitive diagnosis and the other methods, showing high concordance and avoiding wrong management decisions.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the validity of the iDScore method for managing suspicious MSLs in a large multicentric data set and a teledermoscopic setting. The platform designed for the iDScore project provides ready support for physicians of any dermoscopy skill level and is useful for education and training.
Classroom Assessment and Large‐Scale Psychometrics: Shall the Twain Meet? (A Conversation With Margaret Heritage and Neal Kingston)
Authors: Heritage Margaret , Kingston Neal M.
Published: August 2019

Classroom assessment and large‐scale assessment have, for the most part, existed in mutual isolation. Some experts have felt this is for the best and others have been concerned that the schism limits the potential contribution of both forms of assessment. Margaret Heritage has long been a champion of best practices in classroom assessment. Neal Kingston has been involved with the application of psychometrics to large‐scale assessments for four decades. Together they discuss what commonalities and differences exist between these two assessment contexts, whether the twain should meet, what impediments or concerns exist, and whether they expect the status quo will change at all in the near future. Based on their joint keynote address at the NCME Special Conference on Classroom Assessment and Large‐Scale Psychometrics, they have expanded and constructed this discussion piece.
Association between early advanced life support and good neurological outcome in out of hospital cardiac arrest: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Michelland Laurianne , Adnet Fréderic , Escutnaire Joséphine , Baker Chloe , Hubert Hervé , Chevret Sylvie
Published: August 2019

Background

Out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is an important public health problem. The French organization, combining OHCA basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS), has been recently questioned. The study was conducted to evaluate the association between early ALS (E‐ALS) arrival and good neurological outcome at 1 month in nontraumatic OHCA patients.

Materials and methods

Retrospective cohort study using data from RéAC, multicentre OHCA database since June 2011. Adult patients with nontraumatic cardiac arrest were identified, and firefighters' (BLS) arrival time was recorded. The main analysis was performed after multiple imputation, using propensity score matching with a variable ratio. Sensitivity analyses were also performed. The exposure was early ALS (E‐ALS), start of ALS before. or simultaneously with BLS. The primary outcome was the cerebral performance category (CPC) at day 30 after the cardiac arrest (1‐2 vs 3‐5), while cumulative incidence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) defined secondary outcomes.

Results

Between January 2013 and January 2016, a total of 30 672 adult nontraumatic OHCA with resuscitation were identified, from whom 20 804 were included, 2711 in the E‐ALS group and 18 093 in the control group. Based on the matched sample, patients in the E‐ALS group had a significantly lower rate of good neurological outcome than those in the control group (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93‐0.96). Sensitivity analyses were mostly consistent with this result. Cumulative incidence of ROSC was higher in delayed ALS (D‐ALS) group.

Conclusions

This study showed that patients in the E‐ALS group were less likely to have a good neurological outcome. One explanation of this unexpected result could be the total duration of resuscitation performed, which may be interrupted prematurely in cases of E‐ALS.
Nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Shin Sujin , Park Jin‐Hwa , Bae Sung‐Heui
Published: August 2019

Aims and Objectives

To systematically review and synthesise primary studies on the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions.

Background

Research examining the association between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions is varied owing to the use of different definitions and methods.

Design

This study was conducted based on a systematic review of related nursing literature.

Methods

The CINAHL, Cochrane Library, DBpia, EBSCO, PubMed, PsycINFO and RISS databases were searched for either English or Korean language studies published between January 2000 and August 2018 that examined the association between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses check list.

Results

Totally, 19 published studies were included in the systematic review. Various measures were used to examine association between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions. The majority of the reviewed studies revealed negative relationships between nurse staffing levels and hospital‐acquired conditions. However, a substantial number of relationships were not significant.

Conclusions

There is a need for future studies to examine the differences in the relationship between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions and to use precise data collection on registered nurses’ hours per patient day and total hours per patient day, as it is difficult to collect data on these measures. The findings of this study suggest that sufficient nurse staffing is a strong indicator of the provision of quality patient care. However, continuous efforts are recommended to find more conclusive relationships between nurse staffing and hospital‐acquired conditions and to formulate guidelines regarding nurse staffing strategies.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurse staffing is an important managerial strategy. Especially, given health policy changes, hospitals need to develop staffing strategies to prevent hospital‐acquired conditions.
Evaluation of the Kejian KJ‐8000 bilirubinometer in an Australian setting
Authors: Starowicz Olivia , Edwards Philippa , Schmidt Peter , Birch Pita
Published: August 2019

Aim

To evaluate the accuracy of the Kejian 8000 (KJ‐8000) transcutaneous bilirubinometer in infants of differing ethnicity and gestational age.

Methods

This was a prospective study of infants in the Newborn Care Unit at Gold Coast University Hospital. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) and serum bilirubin (SBR) results were compared using linear regression and a Bland–Altman plot. Predicted indices were calculated to assess the KJ‐8000 as a screening tool using local jaundice management guidelines.

Results

A total of 416 paired samples were collected from 201 infants. There was a strong correlation between TcB and SBR with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.8 (<0.00001). The bias was −5.9 μmol/L (95% confidence interval: −101, 89). The bias was not evenly spread, with the KJ‐8000 tending to underestimate at higher SBR levels. Infants <32 weeks' gestation had a poor correlation of 0.48. Non‐Caucasian infants were more likely to have TcB overestimation, and measurements were less precise. As a screening tool using local guidelines, the KJ‐8000 had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 83, 53, 20 and 96%, respectively, and is predicted to avoid blood tests in 48% of infants screened.

Conclusions

In this study, the correlation and agreement of TcB measurements using the KJ‐8000 were not as good as has been reported with other more studied devices but may still have value as a screening tool. The poor correlation in preterm infants suggests that use should be restricted to term infants. The overall results of this study are affected by an underrepresentation of term infants, and so, further clinical assessment of this device should be undertaken before it can be recommended for widespread use.
Association of midline prostatic cysts and lower urinary tract symptoms: A case‐control analysis of 606 transrectal ultrasound findings
Authors: Park Bumsoo , Ju Sung‐Ho , Choo Seol Ho
Published: August 2019

Objective

To evaluate the association between midline prostatic cysts (MPCs) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Methods

A total of 606 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound of the prostate (TRUS) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of MPCs for comparison. We used the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) as a LUTS parameter. Multivariate analysis was performed to find out independent predictors for moderate to severe LUTS. An MPC subgroup analysis was done to look for linear correlation between the size of MPCs and LUTS.

Results

Patients with no MPCs were of higher age, had more history of diabetes, were taking more urological medications, and had more IPSS storage symptoms. No significant differences were found in body mass index, total IPSS, voiding IPSS, bother score, total prostate‐specific antigen level, and the prostate size. Multivariate analysis revealed age, history of diabetes, taking urological medications, and the prostate size as independent predictors of moderate to severe LUTS. The presence of MPCs was not an independent factor. Subgroup analysis failed to show significant correlation between the size of MPCs and the LUTS scores.

Conclusions

The presence of MPCs is not an independent factor for moderate to severe LUTS, and the size of the MPCs does not have any correlation to LUTS scores either.
Influence of alpha‐adrenoceptor antagonists therapy on stool form in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Matsumoto Seiji , Kasamo Sachiko , Hashizume Kazumi
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the short‐term efficacy and safety of two α1‐adrenoceptor (AR) antagonists, tamsulosin and silodosin, in treating patients with untreated lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH), with a focus on stool form.

Methods

This study was a non‐blinded, open‐label, prospective randomized comparative study. Tamsulosin or silodosin was administered to patients with untreated LUTS/BPH, and their efficacy and safety in the early stage of treatment were compared using the questionnaire of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)/quality of life (QOL), the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS).

Results

The per protocol set consisted of 22 patients in tamsulosin group (mean age, 70.15 ± 5.70 years) and 20 patients in silodosin group (73.00 ± 6.48 years). The total IPSS and QOL score improved within 2 weeks in both groups. Although the overall GSRS score showed no significant change in either group, “hard stools” score was significantly decreased in silodosin first at week 2, then in both groups at week 4. Furthermore, the subscale score for “constipation” was significantly decreased only in silodosin at week 4. BSFS was significantly increased at week 4 in silodosin alone.

Conclusions

This study suggests that silodosin was associated with increased digestive symptoms such as diarrhea and loose stools. Therefore, oral drugs for BPH need to be selected by taking into consideration the possibility of digestive symptoms including both the state and type of stools.
Comparing analytical and numerical approaches to meteoroid orbit determination using Hayabusa telemetry
Authors: Jansen‐Sturgeon Trent , Sansom Eleanor K. , Bland Philip A.
Published: August 2019

Fireball networks establish the trajectories of meteoritic material passing through Earth's atmosphere, from which they can derive pre‐entry orbits. Triangulated atmospheric trajectory data require different orbit determination methods to those applied to observational data beyond the Earth's sphere of influence, such as telescopic observations of asteroids. Currently, the vast majority of fireball networks determine and publish orbital data using an analytical approach, with little flexibility to include orbital perturbations. Here, we present a novel numerical technique for determining meteoroid orbits from fireball network data and compare it to previously established methods. The re‐entry of the Hayabusa spacecraft, with its known pre‐Earth orbit, provides a unique opportunity to perform this comparison as it was observed by fireball network cameras. As initial sightings of the Hayabusa spacecraft and capsule were made at different altitudes, we are able to quantify the atmosphere's influence on the determined pre‐Earth orbit. Considering these trajectories independently, we found the orbits determined by the novel numerical approach to align closer to JAXA's telemetry in both cases. Using simulations, we determine the atmospheric perturbation to become significant at ~90 km—higher than the first observations of typical meteorite dropping events. Using further simulations, we find the most substantial differences between techniques to occur at both low entry velocities and Moon passing trajectories. These regions of comparative divergence demonstrate the need for perturbation inclusion within the chosen orbit determination algorithm.
A TEM and EELS study of carbon in a melt fragment from the Gardnos impact structure
Authors: Lindgren Paula , Hallis Lydia , Hage Fredrik S. , Lee Martin R. , Parnell John , Plan Anders , Doye Alistair , MacLaren Ian
Published: August 2019

A carbon‐rich melt fragment from the Gardnos impact structure has been studied for a better understanding of the preservation and structural form(s) of carbon that have been processed by impact melting. The carbon was analyzed in situ in its original petrographic context within the melt fragment, using high‐resolution techniques including focused ion beam‐transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Results show that the carbon is largely uniform and has a nanocrystalline grain size. The Gardnos carbon has a graphitic structure but with a large c/a ratio indicating disorder. The disorder could be a result of rapid heating to high temperatures during impact, followed by rapid cooling, with not enough time to crystallize into highly ordered graphite. However, temperature distribution during impact is extremely heterogenous, and the disordered Gardnos carbon could also represent material that avoided extreme temperatures, and thus, it was preserved. Understanding the structure of carbon during terrestrial impacts is important to help determine if the history of carbon within extraterrestrial samples is impact related. Furthermore, the degree of preservation of carbon during impact is key for locating and detecting organic compounds in extraterrestrial samples. This example from Gardnos, together with previous studies, shows that not all carbon is lost to oxidation during impact but that impact melting can encapsulate and preserve carbon where it is available.
Sequence‐based mapping identifies a candidate transcription repressor underlying awn suppression at the B1 locus in wheat
Authors: DeWitt Noah , Guedira Mohammed , Lauer Edwin , Sarinelli Martin , Tyagi Priyanka , Fu Daolin , Hao QunQun , Murphy J. Paul , Marshall David , Akhunova Alina , Jordan Katherine , Akhunov Eduard , Brown‐Guedira Gina
Published: August 2019

Awns are stiff, hair‐like structures which grow from the lemmas of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other grasses that contribute to photosynthesis and play a role in seed dispersal. Variation in awn length in domesticated wheat is controlled primarily by three major genes, most commonly the dominant awn suppressor Tipped1 (B1). This study identifies a transcription repressor responsible for awn inhibition at the B1 locus.

Association mapping was combined with analysis in biparental populations to delimit B1 to a distal region of 5AL colocalized with QTL for number of spikelets per spike, kernel weight, kernel length, and test weight.

Fine‐mapping located B1 to a region containing only two predicted genes, including C2H2 zinc finger transcriptional repressor TraesCS5A02G542800 upregulated in developing spikes of awnless individuals. Deletions encompassing this candidate gene were present in awned mutants of an awnless wheat. Sequence polymorphisms in the B1 coding region were not observed in diverse wheat germplasm whereas a nearby polymorphism was highly predictive of awn suppression.

Transcriptional repression by B1 is the major determinant of awn suppression in global wheat germplasm. It is associated with increased number of spikelets per spike and decreased kernel size.
Changes in the tarsal conjunctiva viewed by in vivo confocal microscopy are associated with ocular symptoms and contact lens wear
Authors: López‐de la Rosa Alberto , Alghamdi Waleed M , Kunnen Carolina ME , Lazon de la Jara Percy , González‐García María J , Markoulli Maria , Papas Eric B
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To investigate the effect of soft contact lens (CL) wear on the morphology of the epithelial‐lamina propria junction as well as the possible association with symptoms of discomfort.

Methods

Ninety‐two subjects were recruited, including 60 soft CL wearers, 16 previous wearers, and 16 non‐wearers. Additionally, subjects were classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic using the Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire 8 for the CL wearers (a score ≥ 12 was considered symptomatic) and the Dry Eye Questionnaire 5 for the previous wearers and non‐wearers (a score ≥ 5 was considered symptomatic). In vivo confocal microscopy of the tarsal conjunctiva was performed on a single occasion. Papillae density, shortest diameter, longest diameter, area, circularity, lumen/wall brightness ratio, irregularity, reflectivity, inhomogeneous appearance of wall and inhomogeneous appearance of rete ridges were evaluated. Effects of CL wear, symptoms and their interaction were analysed using two‐way analysis of variance. Correlations were investigated using Spearman's coefficient. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or median [interquartile range].

Results

Contact lens wearers, compared to previous wearers and non‐wearers, showed higher circularity [0.65 (0.08) vs 0.59 (0.10) vs 0.57 (0.11), p = 0.003]. Subjects with symptoms, compared to asymptomatic participants, showed higher circularity [0.64 (0.08) vs 0.61 (0.10), p < 0.001] and lower irregularity (1.0 [0.7–2.0] vs 1.3 [1.0–2.3], p = 0.009). For previous wearers, those with symptoms showed greater density (135.4 [107.3–183.3] vs 87.5 [85.4–116.7], p = 0.013) and circularity [0.64 (0.07) vs 0.54 (0.10), p = 0.016]. For non‐wearers, those with symptoms showed higher circularity [0.65 (0.08) vs 0.50 (0.08), p < 0.001]. DEQ‐5 correlated with circularity (ρ = 0.55, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Soft CL wear modifies papillae of the epithelial‐lamina propria junction into a more rounded shape; however, CL cessation appears to resolve this alteration. Additionally, a more rounded papillae shape is associated with ocular symptoms in subjects not actively wearing CLs.
Measuring ICD shock anxiety: Status update on the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale after over a decade of use
Authors: Tripp Connor , Huber Nichelle L. , Kuhl Emily A. , Sears Samuel F.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Approximately 44% of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) experience some form of shock anxiety, associated with cardiac fear, physical inactivity, and increased morbidity and mortality. The Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS) was created to measure ICD‐specific fears for a more precise target of patient psychologic distress and potential need for intervention. The current paper describes results from a focused literature review of studies using FSAS over the past 15 years, with the aim of summarizing its current reliability and validity, associated outcomes, and potential future directions for its clinical and research implementation.

Methods

In this review, 26 peer‐reviewed articles were analyzed and selected from an in‐depth literature search of two electronic databases.

Results

The reliability and validity of FSAS has been upheld since its initial validation and remain positive. The majority of studies used FSAS as an assessment tool to evaluate a clinical need for psychologic support or psychoeducation. The most frequently reported predictors of FSAS shock anxiety include experience of shock, appropriate and inappropriate, and number of shocks experienced. Common correlates of higher FSAS scores include lower device‐related knowledge, lower perceived support from healthcare providers, greater posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and negative attitudes about device dependency. Younger age and female gender are also associated with increased shock anxiety.

Conclusions

Since 2006, FSAS has been widely represented as a valid and reliable assessment tool for quantifying device‐related anxiety in ICD recipients in diverse populations. Future directions for FSAS should explore its potential role in support of measurement‐based care.
Proteomic analysis of amniotic and allantoic fluid from buffaloes during foetal development
Authors: Boy Gabriela Ferreira Tavares , Codognoto Viviane Maria , Faleiros‐Lima Maria Carolina M. , Yamada Paulo Henrique , de Ruediger Felipe Rydygier , Paranzini Cristiane S. , Souza Fabiana F. , do Carmo Lucas Monteiro , Vieira Andressa Filaz , Oba Eunice
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to describe the dynamic changes in protein composition and protein abundance in amniotic and allantoic fluids from buffaloes during gestation. Amniotic and allantoic fluids were collected during the first, second and third trimesters of gestation. The foetuses were measured and weighed. Fluid samples were centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min and then at 10,000 g for 60 min at 4°C. The supernatant was collected to determine the total protein concentration. Based on total protein concentration, an aliquot (50 μg) was used for in‐solution tryptic digestion, and mass spectrometry analysis (nano‐LC‐MS/MS) was performed. A multivariate statistical analysis of the proteomic data was conducted. Across the different stages of buffalo gestation, fifty‐one proteins were found in the amniotic fluid, and twenty‐one were found in the allantoic fluid. A total of twelve proteins were common among the stages, and four presented significant differences (VIP score α > 1). Fibronectin and alpha‐1‐antiproteinase were more abundant in the amniotic fluid than in the allantoic fluid. Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin and alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein were more abundant in the allantoic fluid than in the amniotic fluid. Alpha‐2‐macroglobulin participates in remodelling and growth of the uterus at beginning of the gestation (first trimester), and these findings indicate that can serve as a potential tool for the early diagnosis of pregnancy in buffaloes.
Advertising God in Hinduism and Islam
Authors: Bhatia Tej K. , Ghafar Samar Reza
Published: August 2019

This paper aims to examine the role of religion in non‐western advertising and marketing mainly from two perspectives—religion and consumerism. The paper explores four key questions. One, what type of religious symbols, and imageries manifest contemporary advertising to repackage/brand their products and services? Two, how can major traditional religions compete with each other? Three, beyond the chosen ‘spiritual’ language/message, what is the role of other languages (second or third language or a foreign language such as English) to brand religion per se? Finally, how media modality (such as TV channels, social and digital media) provides a springboard for religious influencers to further augment the religious experience, product‐appeal and multi‐product advertising? For the exploration of these four questions, an empirical and a qualitative study of social and digital advertising in Hinduism and Islam have been carried out.
English in advertising in Brazil
Authors: Friedrich Patricia
Published: August 2019

Years ago, I conducted a study of English in advertising in Brazil (Friedrich, 2002) and wrote about the possible sociolinguistic motivations for such practice. At the time, I was able to confirm that there was a significant presence of English in names of shops and other brands, that many advertisements contained text in English (especially in the secondary text). Brazilians also used English creatively, adapting the language to local needs and modifying words (through suffixation, clipping, and so on) to make them more local (Diniz de Figueiredo, 2010). In the fifteen plus years since that study, much has happened in Brazil, including a presidential impeachment and extensive investigations into corruption. Urban violence remains a great challenge. The country has in some regards embraced being more globalized, and in others has become prouder and more aware of its own cultural manifestations. At the same time, great strides have been made in technological development and other areas of knowledge and action. In this article, I look back at the findings of the original 2002 investigation and discuss—in light of the five possible, original theoretical explanations for the use of English in advertising synthesized there—what may have changed and what remains the same in this realm of language use. I further examine literature in related areas and what insights in relation to world Englishes can be drawn from this context.
English in advertising in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kasanga Luanga A.
Published: August 2019

In the last few decades, the linguistic landscape in Lubumbashi, the second largest and most economically important city in the Democratic Republic of Congo, has grown into a big mosaic of languages and colors as many Anglophone mining and trade multinationals established themselves and implanted their foreign identities. For example, of the more than 1,000 advertisements counted in a small section of the city centre, English numbered up to more than 40% of them. Yet, English has remained alien in the country's everyday transactions. The main reason for its presence is that it has become a ‘global language’ (Crystal, 1997), spreading to ‘nearly every corner of the earth’ (Sonntag, 2003, p. xi). The main functions played by this mixture in which English plays a prominent role is to serve for cloning (or pirating), commercial purposes, corporate identity, cosmopolitanism, hybridization, imitation, and snobbism. This ubiquity of English is in sharp contrast with the infinitesimal use of English in intra‐national transactions.
Irish English in intra‐ and intercultural advertising
Authors: Kelly‐Holmes Helen
Published: August 2019

Product descriptions are a type of banal, backstage advertising, but they are also a means of giving consumers additional information about commodities, which in the current consumer culture may be as valuable for identity work and value creation as the commodities themselves. Intercultural advertising may be facilitated or hampered by the discourses and strategies adopted in order to explain the products to consumers outside of the cultural context. Where the product itself is commodified language, the description takes place through language and is also about language. The analysis of product descriptions for t‐shirts which feature a type of Irish English, described as ‘culchie style’ reveals different metapragmatic strategies (standardised translation, metapragmatic discussion, synthetic interaction, metacultural narratives and global juxtaposition) along a continuum from explicit to implicit. It is argued that the former facilitate intercultural marketing and wider circulation more easily than the latter.
The local and global imagery of women in Russian advertising
Authors: Ustinova Irina
Published: August 2019

Russian advertisements geared to women display both local and global tendencies. The alignment exists among the elements such as imagery of women and the promoted products, reason or ‘tickle’ advertising techniques, language usage, and value messages. The local imagery of women such as housewife and average woman are visually presented by all age groups and promote goods produced locally, use ‘reason’ explanations, deliver the spoken or written messages mostly in the Russian language, and reflect traditional Russian collectivistic values. The global imagery of women such as sexy beauties or ‘glocal’ imagery of women such as career woman and celebrity employ English only or code‐mixing of English and Russian in the name of the product, label and trade brand, text, slogan attention getter, and ending lines. The English language serves as a sign of modernity, high social status, and prestige and a ‘tickle’ strategy which is used when model‐looking young women promote foreign‐made goods.
A qualitative assessment of disease surveillance activities in a resource‐limited environment: Perceptions and opinions of volunteer staff working in Northern Uganda
Authors: Mudasiru Omobola A. , Graham Thomas W. , Carlson Erin
Published: August 2019

Annually, groups of health professionals from high‐income countries are drawn to work in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) through timed engagements intended to improve the well‐being of people in most disadvantaged communities. The existing evidence on understanding volunteer experience in LMICs often focuses on activities within the medical discipline; whereas little research has been conducted on the experiences of volunteers in other disciplines. This paper focuses on understanding veterinary and public health professional's experiences conducting disease surveillance work in Northern Uganda. Forty US‐based health care professionals were recruited to complete multiple‐choice and open‐ended questions to understand prior and current experiences working in resource‐limited settings. Responses were coded using NVivo 10®, qualitative analysis package. Of the 44 volunteers, 50% completed the questionnaire. Responses were largely positive towards surveillance activities; they reported personal and professional gains, new cultural experiences and mutual learning environment with local colleagues. Nevertheless, respondents highlighted challenges during various stages of program implementation—some difficulty with program logistics, inadequacy of preparation materials, in addition to concerns inherent to working in a resource‐limited environment. This assessment suggests that international volunteer work could positively influence programmatic outcomes, personal experiences, furthering health organizational goals, often achieved in a limited time‐frame. To maximize volunteer impact, these assessments are critical and suggest that volunteer and institutional capacities should be seriously considered when planning placement as it can influence programmatic decision‐making, gauge training needs and volunteer readiness.
Applying the Support Vector Machine for Testing Pricing Inefficiency on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius
Authors: Mohamudally-Boolaky Aleesha , Luchowa Teemulsingh , Padachi Kesseven
Published: August 2019

A popular Machine Learning Technique called the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is adopted on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius (SEM) to determine if stock market returns are predictable based on information from past prices, allowing arbitrage opportunities for abnormal profit generation. The serial correlation test, used as benchmark, and the SVM technique show evidence that previous information on share prices as well as the indicators constructed are useful in predicting share price movements. The implications of the study are that investors have the prospect of adopting speculative strategies and profits from trading based on information and advanced techniques and models are possible.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: August 2019

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 9 Darren Pullen, University of Tasmania, AustraliaGianpiero Greco, University of Study of Bari, ItalyGuilherme Tucher, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), BrazilJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaLucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMatt Varacallo, University of Kentucky, USAMehmet Galip Zorba, Akdeniz University, TurkeyMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichael Wall, Independent Researcher in Music and Music Education, USAOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeySadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, UkraineYong Ki Yi, International Civil Aviation Organization, Korea Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Supplementary description of five species from the genus Cecidophyopsis (Eriophyoidea: Eriophyidae: Cecidophyinae)

Authors: Marinković Slavica , Chetverikov Philipp , Cvrković Tatjana , Vidović Biljana , Petanović Radmila
Published: August 2019

Supplementary morphological descriptions of five Cecidophyopsis species collected in Europe (Serbia, Austria, Italy and Montenegro) are given: Cecidophyopsis vermiformis from Corylus avellana L. (Betulaceae), C. hendersoni from Yucca gigantea Lem. (Asparagaceae), C. verilicis from Ilex aquifolium L. (Aquifoliaceae), C. psilaspis from Taxus baccata L. (Taxaceae) and C. malpighianus from Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae). Males of C. vermiformis, C. verilicis, C. hendersoni and C. malpighianus, and immatures of C. hendersoni and C. verilicis, are described for the first time. C. verilicis is recorded for the first time in the fauna of Serbia and the European region. Female cuticle-lined internal genitalia of five Cecidophyopsis species are studied under confocal laser scanning microscopy. A several steps of oviposition in cecidophyines is proposed based on CLSM observations on their internal genitalia. Sequences of the barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene are given for the following species: C. hendersoni, C. verilicis, C. psilaspis and C. malpighianus.
Stunning skull shakes human family tree
Authors: Price Michael
Published: August 2019

Researchers reveal the 4-million-year-old face of the most ancient australopithecine.
World's oldest impact crater dated in Australian outback
Authors: Hand Eric
Published: August 2019

The 2.2-billion-year-old Yarrabubba impact came at the end of a planetwide deep freeze.
The allure of monkeyflowers
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

A tough, diverse, colorful weed used in evolutionary studies is becoming a key model for plant biology.
Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior
Authors: Ganna Andrea , Verweij Karin J. H. , Nivard Michel G. , Maier Robert , Wedow Robbee , Busch Alexander S. , Abdellaoui Abdel , Guo Shengru , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah ,   23andMe Research Team, Lichtenstein Paul , Lundström Sebastian , Långström Niklas , Auton Adam , Harris Kathleen Mullan , Beecham Gary W. , Martin Eden R. , Sanders Alan R. , Perry John R. B. , Neale Benjamin M. , Zietsch Brendan P.
Published: August 2019

The genetics of sexual orientation

Twin studies and other analyses of inheritance of sexual orientation in humans has indicated that same-sex sexual behavior has a genetic component. Previous searches for the specific genes involved have been underpowered and thus unable to detect genetic signals. Ganna
et al.
perform a genome-wide association study on 493,001 participants from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden to study genes associated with sexual orientation (see the Perspective by Mills). They find multiple loci implicated in same-sex sexual behavior indicating that, like other behavioral traits, nonheterosexual behavior is polygenic.

Science
, this issue p.
eaat7693
; see also p.
869
Non-Abelian band topology in noninteracting metals
Authors: Wu QuanSheng , Soluyanov Alexey A. , Bzdušek Tomáš
Published: August 2019

The topology of line nodes

Band structure degeneracies in topological materials can take the form of lines or even chains of interconnected loops. Wu
et al.
study theoretically these nodal lines and how they evolve as the system parameters are varied. They focus on a class of materials that have weak spin-orbit coupling and that respect a combination of inversion- and time-reversal symmetry. Noncommutative topological charges are associated with nodal lines in such materials that place constraints on the configurations of these lines. Calculations indicate that elemental scandium under strain may provide a test system for this unconventional topology.

Science
, this issue p.
1273
Archaeological assessment reveals Earth’s early transformation through land use
Authors: Stephens Lucas , Fuller Dorian , Boivin Nicole , Rick Torben , Gauthier Nicolas , Kay Andrea , Marwick Ben , Armstrong Chelsey Geralda , Barton C. Michael , Denham Tim , Douglass Kristina , Driver Jonathan , Janz Lisa , Roberts Patrick , Rogers J. Daniel , Thakar Heather , Altaweel Mark , Johnson Amber L. , Sampietro Vattuone Maria Marta , Aldenderfer Mark , Archila Sonia , Artioli Gilberto , Bale Martin T. , Beach Timothy , Borrell Ferran , Braje Todd , Buckland Philip I. , Jiménez Cano Nayeli Guadalupe , Capriles José M. , Diez Castillo Agustín , Çilingiroğlu Çiler , Negus Cleary Michelle , Conolly James , Coutros Peter R. , Covey R. Alan , Cremaschi Mauro , Crowther Alison , Der Lindsay , di Lernia Savino , Doershuk John F. , Doolittle William E. , Edwards Kevin J. , Erlandson Jon M. , Evans Damian , Fairbairn Andrew , Faulkner Patrick , Feinman Gary , Fernandes Ricardo , Fitzpatrick Scott M. , Fyfe Ralph , Garcea Elena , Goldstein Steve , Goodman Reed Charles , Dalpoim Guedes Jade , Herrmann Jason , Hiscock Peter , Hommel Peter , Horsburgh K. Ann , Hritz Carrie , Ives John W. , Junno Aripekka , Kahn Jennifer G. , Kaufman Brett , Kearns Catherine , Kidder Tristram R. , Lanoë François , Lawrence Dan , Lee Gyoung-Ah , Levin Maureece J. , Lindskoug Henrik B. , López-Sáez José Antonio , Macrae Scott , Marchant Rob , Marston John M. , McClure Sarah , McCoy Mark D. , Miller Alicia Ventresca , Morrison Michael , Motuzaite Matuzeviciute Giedre , Müller Johannes , Nayak Ayushi , Noerwidi Sofwan , Peres Tanya M. , Peterson Christian E. , Proctor Lucas , Randall Asa R. , Renette Steve , Robbins Schug Gwen , Ryzewski Krysta , Saini Rakesh , Scheinsohn Vivian , Schmidt Peter , Sebillaud Pauline , Seitsonen Oula , Simpson Ian A. , Sołtysiak Arkadiusz , Speakman Robert J. , Spengler Robert N. , Steffen Martina L. , Storozum Michael J. , Strickland Keir M. , Thompson Jessica , Thurston T. L. , Ulm Sean , Ustunkaya M. Cemre , Welker Martin H. , West Catherine , Williams Patrick Ryan , Wright David K. , Wright Nathan , Zahir Muhammad , Zerboni Andrea , Beaudoin Ella , Munevar Garcia Santiago , Powell Jeremy , Thornton Alexa , Kaplan Jed O. , Gaillard Marie-José , Klein Goldewijk Kees , Ellis Erle
Published: August 2019

A synthetic history of human land use

Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth's surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens
et al.
compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts). Hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists transformed the face of Earth earlier and to a greater extent than has been widely appreciated, a transformation that was essentially global by 3000 years before the present.

Science
, this issue p.
897
; see also p.
865
Programmed chromosome fission and fusion enable precise large-scale genome rearrangement and assembly
Authors: Wang Kaihang , de la Torre Daniel , Robertson Wesley E. , Chin Jason W.
Published: August 2019

Programmable genome engineering

The model bacterium
Escherichia coli
has a single circular chromosome. Wang
et al.
created a method to fragment the
E. coli
genome into independent chromosomes that can be modified, rearranged, and recombined. The efficient fission of the unmodified
E. coli
genome into two defined, stable pairs of synthetic chromosomes provides common intermediates for large-scale genome manipulations such as inversion and translocation. Fusion of synthetic chromosomes from distinct cells generated a single genome in a target cell. Precise, rapid, large-scale genome engineering operations are useful tools for creating diverse synthetic genomes.

Science
, this issue p.
922
Timing of voiding cystourethrography after febrile urinary tract infection in children: a systematic review
Authors: Mazzi Sara , Rohner Katharina , Hayes Wesley , Weitz Marcus
Published: August 2019

Background

Despite a trend towards early voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) after febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) in children, clinical guidelines do not comment on the optimal timing and current practice varies considerably.

Objective

To assess whether the detection rate of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children depends on the time period of VCUG procedure after onset of antibiotic therapy.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register electronic databases were searched for eligible studies without language or time restriction (19 November 2018). Inclusion criteria were (1) patients <18 years of age; (2) VCUG performed in patients with fUTI after onset of antibiotic therapy either in the same patient population or in two or more different patient populations within one study at different time periods; and (3) with reported detection rate of VUR. The systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Results

Of 4175 records, nine studies were included (number of patients, n=1745) for the main outcome prevalence of VUR by VCUG <8 days compared with VCUG ≥8 days after onset of antibiotic therapy. Pooled overall prevalence of VUR was not significantly different between the early and the late VCUG groups (risk ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.19). Prevalence of VUR stratified by grade was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion

Early VCUG within 8 days after onset of antibiotic therapy does not affect the prevalence of VUR.

Trial registration number

CRD42018117545
Congenital or acquired? Obstructive jaundice in reoperated duodenal atresia
Authors: Goh Mervin Feng Ji , Mak Malcolm Han Wen , Low Yee , Ong Caroline Choo Phaik
Published: August 2019

A 55-day-old boy was transferred to our unit with intestinal obstruction and obstructive jaundice after two neonatal operations for duodenal atresia and intestinal malrotation. Abdominal ultrasound showed dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts with cut-off at the distal common bile duct (CBD). He underwent emergency laparotomy for adhesive intestinal obstruction with a contained abscess from mid-jejunal perforation. Biliary dissection was not attempted due to poor preoperative nutritional status. Tube cholecystostomy was created for biliary decompression. Postoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed dilated CBD with cut-off at the ampulla but did not demonstrate pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBMJ). The diagnostic dilemma was whether our patient had congenital PBMJ or had developed biliary stricture from perioperative ischaemic scarring. He underwent definitive surgery at 7 months: excision of dilated CBD with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejeunal reconstruction, excisional tapering duodenoplasty and jejunostomy creation. Intraoperative finding was type I choledochal cyst and subsequently confirmed on histology. Postoperative recovery was uneventful and bilirubin levels normalised.
Evaluation of policies for free maternal healthcare in low/middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Seki Regina Poima , Hendrie Delia , Daire Judith
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Improving maternal health remains a health priority at the global and national levels. As part of the global strategy, many low/middle-income countries (LMICs) have implemented free primary healthcare policies for different service packages including maternal health. Free maternal healthcare policies aim to improve maternal health by removing the financial burden of accessing maternal healthcare services. The objective of this scoping review is to assess evaluations of free maternal healthcare policies and the impact on maternal health in LMICs. This will help identify theoretical and methodological approaches (or gaps if any) for evaluating the impact of free maternal healthcare policies to inform future work. It will also provide an evidence base for policymakers and other stakeholder with an interest in planning, funding and implementing evidence based and effective interventions to improving maternal health outcomes.

Methods

The scoping review will follow the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and refined by Joanna Briggs Institute. It will involve a literature search of the PubMed, Scopus ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CINAHL databases for peer-reviewed journal articles related to the impact of free maternal health policies in LMICs published from 2000 to the present. Two reviewers will screen and appraise eligible articles using preset criteria based on the ‘population-concept-context’ framework. A data extraction framework will be used to extract and chart data from the reviewed articles. The results will be analysed using descriptive numerical summary analysis and qualitative thematic analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as the scoping review will synthesise information from publicly available materials. Dissemination will be through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at relevant conferences and workshops.