bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel protection liner to improve graft-tunnel interaction following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a finite element analysis
Authors: Wang Huizhi , Zhang Min , Cheng Cheng-Kung
Published: June 2020

Background

Deteriorated bone-graft interaction at the tunnel entrance following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is considered one of the primary causes of long-term tunnel enlargement and graft wear. Methods have been introduced to improve the long-term outcome, such as novel graft materials or alternative fixation methods, but have been met with varying degrees of success. This study aims to design a protection liner to improve the bone-graft interaction at the tunnel entrances.

Methods

A finite element model of a human cadaveric knee was used to simulate traditional ACLR and ACLR using the protection liner. Stress distribution around the tunnel entrances and on the ACL graft were calculated under a combined loading of 103 N anterior tibial load, 7.5 Nm internal tibial moment, and 6.9 Nm valgus tibial moment at a joint flexion angle of 20°. Results were compared between the traditional ACLR and ACLR using a double liner (femoral and tibial) setup, as well as between the ACLR using a double liner setup and a single liner (femoral side) setup. Different materials (PEEK, Ti-6Al-4V, CoCrMo) for the liner were also evaluated.

Results

The traditional ACLR resulted in concentrated stress on the graft where it contacted the tunnel entrance. Correspondingly, there were stress concentrations at the distal posterior zone of the femoral tunnel entrance and medial posterior zone of the tibial tunnel entrance, while the other zones suffered from a stress reduction. Use of the protection liner reduced the stress concentration around the tunnel entrances by up to 89% and increased the stress at the unloaded zones by up to 106%. Also, stress concentration on the graft was slightly decreased (15.4 vs 15.1 MPa) after using the liner. The single liner setup increased the stress concentration around the tibial tunnel entrance. Stiffer materials improved the stress distribution around tunnel entrances but had little effect on the stress on the graft.

Conclusions

The novel protection liner can improve the stress distribution on the graft and at the tunnel entrances, which may be beneficial for improving the clinical outcome of ACLR.
Case report: inflammatory pseudotumor in the lung parenchyma caused by a medical suture originating from a cardiac surgery 35 years ago
Authors: Meng Shushi , Liu Ganwei , Wang Shaodong , Yang Fan
Published: June 2020

Background

The incidence of the iatrogenic foreign body retained after surgery is extremely low. Iatrogenic foreign body retained is surrounded by normal tissue, which responds to foreign matter to form inflammatory pseudotumors. Surgical sponge or swap is the most common type of foreign body. There were no reports of medical sutures remaining as foreign bodies in the lung parenchyma to form inflammatory pseudotumors.

Case presentation

A CT scan of a 50-year-old female showed an irregular soft tissue mass in the left upper lobe with rough edge and spiculation. After 20 months, the size increased from 2.8 × 1.9 cm to 3.2 × 2.2 cm. The patient underwent a ventricular septal repair surgery for congenital Fallot tetralogy 35 years ago and a left breast surgery for breast cancer. She had a family history of lung cancer. Evaluation of this mass highly suggested a lung malignant lesion. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and her pathology revealed an intrapulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor caused by a medical prolene suture. Based on her medical history and other reports of iatrogenic foreign bodies, we believe that this suture retained from the heart surgery 35 years ago entered the pulmonary artery, moved to the distal branch, and eventually formed an inflammatory pseudotumor in the lung parenchyma. Here we reported and analyze this rare case.

Conclusion

We reported a rare case of inflammatory pseudotumor in the lung parenchyma caused by a medical suture, and determined it was a prolene suture retained in the body during a cardiac surgery 35 years ago. Diagnosis of this rare disease required sufficient imaging experience. Besides, appropriate surgical exploration can help with the diagnosis and treatment.
Epstein-Barr virus BART microRNAs in EBV- associated Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric cancer
Authors: De Re Valli , Caggiari Laura , De Zorzi Mariangela , Fanotto Valentina , Miolo Gianmaria , Puglisi Fabio , Cannizzaro Renato , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Steffan Agostino , Farruggia Piero , Lopci Egesta , d’Amore Emanuele S. G. , Burnelli Roberta , Mussolin Lara , Mascarin Maurizio
Published: June 2020

Background

EBV produces miRNAs with important functions in cancer growth, tumor invasion and host immune surveillance. The discovery of EBV miR-BARTs is recent, and most of their functions are still unknown. Nonetheless, some new studies underline their key roles in EBV-associated malignancies.

Main body

In EBV-associated tumors, the expression profile of miR-BARTs varies according to the cell type, autophagic process and signals received from the tumor microenvironment. By the same way of interest is the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor environment by the release of selected EBV miR-BARTs in addition to the tumor proteins trough tumor exosomes.

Conclusion

In this review, we discuss new findings regarding EBV miR-BARTs in Hodgkin lymphoma and gastric cancer. The recent discovery that miRNAs are released by exosomes, including miR-BARTs, highlights the importance of tumor and microenvironment interplay with more specific effects on the host immune response.
JP3, an antiangiogenic peptide, inhibits growth and metastasis of gastric cancer through TRIM25/SP1/MMP2 axis
Authors: Chen Jun-Jie , Ren Yan-Lin , Shu Chuan-Jun , Zhang Yi , Chen Min-Juan , Xu Jin , Li Jin , Li Ai-Ping , Chen Dong-Yin , He Jing-Dong , Shu Yong-Qian , Zhou Jian-Wei
Published: June 2020

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is the most prevalent gastrointestinal tumor with an unfavorable clinical prognosis. GC patients are largely threatened owing to metastasis and drug resistance. Tumor angiogenesis plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer and is a challenge in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Methods

Mouse xenograft models were used for screening of therapeutic peptides on GC growth and metastasis. Routine laboratory experimental methods including conditional cell culture, tube formation assay, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), ubiquitination assay, and immunofluorescence (IF) were used in mechanism investigation; protein docking analysis and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used for prediction and confirmation of interactions between JP3/SP1 and TRIM25/MEK1/2.

Results

We identified an MMP2-targeted peptide JP3 that plays inhibiting roles in modulating growth and metastasis of GC in vivo and has no observable toxic side effects. JP3 reduced tumor microvessel density (MVD) in vivo and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) tube formation in vitro. Mechanistic studies revealed that JP3 reduces polyubiquitination-mediated degradation of TRIM25 by increasing the stability of TRIM25 through phosphorylating it at Ser12. TRIM25, as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoted the ubiquitin of SP1 at K610, further suppressed expression of MMP2 and inhibited angiogenesis in GC. Importantly, the inversely association between TRIM25 and SP1 protein level was further verified in human GC tissues. Decreased TRIM25 expression and increased SP1 expression in tumor tissues were positively correlated with poor prognosis of GC patients.

Conclusions

MMP2-targeted peptide JP3 plays a therapeutic role in GC through anti-angiogenesis by modulating TRIM25/SP1/MMP2.
Efficacy of acupuncture in improving the symptoms and the quality of life of patients with moderate or severe acne vulgaris: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiao Ruimin , Huang Man , Zhang Weina , Liu Zhishun
Published: June 2020

Background

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common chronic dermatologic disease that tends to impair the appearance and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Although several trials have indicated the effectiveness of acupuncture for treatment of patients with AV, the results of these trials have been contested, owing to potential bias in their design. Thus, there is a lack of robust data to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in patients with AV. In addition, none of the previous clinical trials of acupuncture therapy for AV used QoL as a primary outcome or employed a sham acupuncture control arm. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating the symptoms and QoL of patients with moderate or severe AV.

Methods/design

One hundred eligible participants with AV will be randomly assigned to an acupuncture or a sham acupuncture group (1:1 allocation). All participants will receive 4-week treatment comprising a total of 12 sessions (3 sessions per week). The primary outcome will be change from baseline in the Skindex-16 scale total score at treatment completion. The secondary outcomes will be Skindex-16 subscale score, Dermatology Life Quality Index scale total score, total lesion count and inflammatory lesion count, visual analogue scale scores for assessment of itch and pain, patient expectations of acupuncture, and blinding of the effect of sham acupuncture. Follow-up evaluation will be performed at weeks 16 and 28. All outcome analyses will be performed in the intention-to-treat population.

Discussion

We expect to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in ameliorating the symptoms and improving the QoL of patients with moderate or severe AV compared with sham acupuncture with more robust evidence. The limitations of the trial design are its single-center scope, relatively small sample size, and lack of blinding of the acupuncturists.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-1900023649. Registered on January 2, 2019.
Correction to: Safety and effectiveness of peficitinib (ASP015K) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: interim data (22.7 months mean peficitinib treatment) from a long-term, open-label extension study in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan
Authors: Takeuchi Tsutomu , Tanaka Yoshiya , Tanaka Sakae , Kawakami Atsushi , Song Yeong-Wook , Chen Yi-Hsing , Rokuda Mitsuhiro , Izutsu Hiroyuki , Ushijima Satoshi , Kaneko Yuichiro , Nakashima Yoshihiro , Shiomi Teruaki , Yamada Emi
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
A 23-year-old man with left lung atelectasis treated with a targeted segmental recruitment maneuver: a case report
Authors: Protić Alen , Bura Matej , Juričić Kazimir
Published: June 2020

Background

Lung atelectasis are nonventilated parts of lung tissue and occur as a result of the collapse of the pulmonary parenchyma (alveoli). Various therapeutic procedures for inflating the collapsed pulmonary parenchyma, such as bronchial aspiration and/or standard recruitment maneuvers, are not always successful.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 23-year-old Croatian man with a parapharyngeal abscess on the left side of the neck with spreading of infection in the mediastinum and left side of the thorax and consequent major atelectasis of the left lung. The patient was mechanically ventilated. We decided to apply a new method in which a pulmonary artery catheter was placed (guided by bronchoscope) on the entrance to the lower left bronchus. The pulmonary artery catheter balloon was inflated to achieve bronchial closure. Using another respirator, we ventilated the affected lobe separately with continuously high pressure of 30 cmH2O. After 30 minutes, we removed the pulmonary artery catheter from the lower left bronchus and placed it in the upper left bronchus and repeated the procedure. Our method allowed a significantly longer duration (30 minutes) of continuously high pressure of 30 cmH2O separately to only one of the total of five lobes of the lungs while the other four lobes were simultaneously ventilated continuously with protective ventilation mode.

Conclusion

Use of a pulmonary artery catheter and two respirators in our patient’s case proved to be a successful method for recruiting the atelectatic lung while maintaining protective ventilation of the lung segments without atelectasis.
Trembling triggers: exploring the sensitivity of backdoors in DNN-based face recognition
Authors: Pasquini Cecilia , Böhme Rainer
Published: June 2020

Backdoor attacks against supervised machine learning methods seek to modify the training samples in such a way that, at inference time, the presence of a specific pattern (trigger) in the input data causes misclassifications to a target class chosen by the adversary. Successful backdoor attacks have been presented in particular for face recognition systems based on deep neural networks (DNNs). These attacks were evaluated for identical triggers at training and inference time. However, the vulnerability to backdoor attacks in practice crucially depends on the sensitivity of the backdoored classifier to approximate trigger inputs. To assess this, we study the response of a backdoored DNN for face recognition to trigger signals that have been transformed with typical image processing operators of varying strength. Results for different kinds of geometric and color transformations suggest that in particular geometric misplacements and partial occlusions of the trigger limit the effectiveness of the backdoor attacks considered. Moreover, our analysis reveals that the spatial interaction of the trigger with the subject’s face affects the success of the attack. Experiments with physical triggers inserted in live acquisitions validate the observed response of the DNN when triggers are inserted digitally.
Blow up of solutions of two singular nonlinear viscoelastic equations with general source and localized frictional damping terms
Authors: Boulaaras Salah , Choucha Abdelbaki , Ouchenane Djamel , Cherif Bahri
Published: June 2020

This work studies the blow-up result of the solution of a coupled nonlocal singular viscoelastic equation with general source and localized frictional damping terms under some suitable conditions. This work is a natural continuation of the previous recent articles by Boulaaras et al. (Appl. Anal., 2020, 10.1080/00036811.2020.1760250; Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 43:6140–6164, 2020; Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 2020, 10.12775/TMNA.2020.014).
Revealing the microbial assemblage structure in the human gut microbiome using latent Dirichlet allocation
Authors: Hosoda Shion , Nishijima Suguru , Fukunaga Tsukasa , Hattori Masahira , Hamada Michiaki
Published: June 2020

Background

The human gut microbiome has been suggested to affect human health and thus has received considerable attention. To clarify the structure of the human gut microbiome, clustering methods are frequently applied to human gut taxonomic profiles. Enterotypes, i.e., clusters of individuals with similar microbiome composition, are well-studied and characterized. However, only a few detailed studies on assemblages, i.e., clusters of co-occurring bacterial taxa, have been conducted. Particularly, the relationship between the enterotype and assemblage is not well-understood.

Results

In this study, we detected gut microbiome assemblages using a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) method. We applied LDA to a large-scale human gut metagenome dataset and found that a 4-assemblage LDA model could represent relationships between enterotypes and assemblages with high interpretability. This model indicated that each individual tends to have several assemblages, three of which corresponded to the three classically recognized enterotypes. Conversely, the fourth assemblage corresponded to no enterotypes and emerged in all enterotypes. Interestingly, the dominant genera of this assemblage (Clostridium,Eubacterium,Faecalibacterium,Roseburia,Coprococcus, andButyrivibrio) included butyrate-producing species such asFaecalibacterium prausnitzii. Indeed, the fourth assemblage significantly positively correlated with three butyrate-producing functions.

Conclusions

We conducted an assemblage analysis on a large-scale human gut metagenome dataset using LDA. The present study revealed that there is an enterotype-independent assemblage.
Compositional and functional characterisation of biomass-degrading microbial communities in guts of plant fibre- and soil-feeding higher termites
Authors: Marynowska Martyna , Goux Xavier , Sillam-Dussès David , Rouland-Lefèvre Corinne , Halder Rashi , Wilmes Paul , Gawron Piotr , Roisin Yves , Delfosse Philippe , Calusinska Magdalena
Published: June 2020

Background

Termites are among the most successful insect lineages on the globe and are responsible for providing numerous ecosystem services. They mainly feed on wood and other plant material at different stages of humification. Lignocellulose is often a principal component of such plant diet, and termites largely rely on their symbiotic microbiota and associated enzymes to decompose their food efficiently. While lower termites and their gut flagellates were given larger scientific attention in the past, the gut lignocellulolytic bacteria of higher termites remain less explored. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the structure and function of gut prokaryotic microbiomes from 11 higher termite genera representative of Syntermitinae, Apicotermitinae, Termitidae and Nasutitermitinae subfamilies, broadly grouped into plant fibre- and soil-feeding termite categories.

Results

Despite the different compositional structures of the studied termite gut microbiomes, reflecting well the diet and host lineage, we observed a surprisingly high functional congruency between gut metatranscriptomes from both feeding groups. The abundance of transcripts encoding for carbohydrate active enzymes as well as expression and diversity profiles of assigned glycoside hydrolase families were also similar between plant fibre- and soil-feeding termites. Yet, dietary imprints highlighted subtle metabolic differences specific to each feeding category. Roughly, 0.18% of de novo re-constructed gene transcripts were shared between the different termite gut microbiomes, making each termite gut a unique reservoir of genes encoding for potentially industrially applicable enzymes, e.g. relevant to biomass degradation. Taken together, we demonstrated the functional equivalence in microbial populations across different termite hosts.

Conclusions

Our results provide valuable insight into the bacterial component of the termite gut system and significantly expand the inventory of termite prokaryotic genes participating in the deconstruction of plant biomass.
A genomic view of trophic and metabolic diversity in clade-specific Lamellodysidea sponge microbiomes
Authors: Podell Sheila , Blanton Jessica M. , Oliver Aaron , Schorn Michelle A. , Agarwal Vinayak , Biggs Jason S. , Moore Bradley S. , Allen Eric E.
Published: June 2020

Background

Marine sponges and their microbiomes contribute significantly to carbon and nutrient cycling in global reefs, processing and remineralizing dissolved and particulate organic matter. Lamellodysidea herbacea sponges obtain additional energy from abundant photosynthetic Hormoscilla cyanobacterial symbionts, which also produce polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) chemically similar to anthropogenic pollutants of environmental concern. Potential contributions of non-Hormoscilla bacteria to Lamellodysidea microbiome metabolism and the synthesis and degradation of additional secondary metabolites are currently unknown.

Results

This study has determined relative abundance, taxonomic novelty, metabolic capacities, and secondary metabolite potential in 21 previously uncharacterized, uncultured Lamellodysidea-associated microbial populations by reconstructing near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) to complement 16S rRNA gene amplicon studies. Microbial community compositions aligned with sponge host subgroup phylogeny in 16 samples from four host clades collected from multiple sites in Guam over a 3-year period, including representatives of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Oligoflexia, and Bacteroidetes as well as Cyanobacteria (Hormoscilla). Unexpectedly, microbiomes from one host clade also included Cyanobacteria from the prolific secondary metabolite-producer genus Prochloron, a common tunicate symbiont.

Two novel Alphaproteobacteria MAGs encoded pathways diagnostic for methylotrophic metabolism as well as type III secretion systems, and have been provisionally assigned to a new order, designated Candidatus Methylospongiales. MAGs from other taxonomic groups encoded light-driven energy production pathways using not only chlorophyll, but also bacteriochlorophyll and proteorhodopsin. Diverse heterotrophic capabilities favoring aerobic versus anaerobic conditions included pathways for degrading chitin, eukaryotic extracellular matrix polymers, phosphonates, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, trimethylamine, and benzoate. Genetic evidence identified an aerobic catabolic pathway for halogenated aromatics that may enable endogenous PBDEs to be used as a carbon and energy source.

Conclusions

The reconstruction of high-quality MAGs from all microbial taxa comprising greater than 0.1% of the sponge microbiome enabled species-specific assignment of unique metabolic features that could not have been predicted from taxonomic data alone. This information will promote more representative models of marine invertebrate microbiome contributions to host bioenergetics, the identification of potential new sponge parasites and pathogens based on conserved metabolic and physiological markers, and a better understanding of biosynthetic and degradative pathways for secondary metabolites and halogenated compounds in sponge-associated microbiota.
A randomized single-dose, two-period crossover bioequivalence study of two fixed-dose Paracetamol/Orphenadrine combination preparations in healthy volunteers under fasted condition
Authors: Cheah Kit Yee , Mah Kar Yee , Pang Lai Hui , Ng Shi Min , Wong Jia Woei , Tan Siew Siew , Tan Hong Zhe , Yuen Kah Hay
Published: June 2020

Background

Paracetamol/Orphenadrine is a fixed dose combination containing 35 mg orphenadrine and 450 mg paracetamol. It has analgesic and muscle relaxant properties and is widely available as generics. This study is conducted to investigate the relative bioavailability and bioequivalence between one fixed dose paracetamol/orphenadrine combination test preparation and one fixed dose paracetamol/orphenadrine combination reference preparation in healthy volunteers under fasted condition for marketing authorization in Malaysia.

Method

This is a single-center, single-dose, open-label, randomized, 2-treatment, 2-sequence and 2-period crossover study with a washout period of 7 days. Paracetamol/Orphenadrine tablets were administered after a 10-h fast. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected at scheduled time intervals prior to and up to 72 h after dosing. Blood samples were centrifuged, and separated plasma were kept frozen (− 15 °C to − 25 °C) until analysis. Plasma concentrations of orphenadrine and paracetamol were quantified using liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer using diphenhydramine as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0-∞, AUC0-t and Cmax were determined using plasma concentration time profile for both preparations. Bioequivalence was assessed according to the ASEAN guideline acceptance criteria for bioequivalence which is the 90% confidence intervals of AUC0-∞, AUC0-t and Cmax ratio must be within the range of 80.00–125.00%.

Results

There were 28 healthy subjects enrolled, and 27 subjects completed this trial. There were no significant differences observed between the AUC0-∞, AUC0-t and Cmax of both test and reference preparations in fasted condition. The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of AUC0-t (100.92–111.27%), AUC0-∞ (96.94–108.08%) and Cmax (100.11–112.50%) for orphenadrine (n = 25); and AUC0-t (94.29–101.83%), AUC0-∞ (94.77–101.68%) and Cmax (87.12–101.20%) for paracetamol (n = 27) for test preparation over reference preparation were all within acceptable bioequivalence range of 80.00–125.00%.

Conclusion

The test preparation is bioequivalent to the reference preparation and can be used interchangeably.

Trial registration

NMRR- 17-1266-36,001; registered and approved on 12 September 2017.
Scalability of future climate changes across Japan examined with large-ensemble simulations at + 1.5 K, +2 K, and + 4 K global warming levels
Authors: Nosaka Masaya , Ishii Masayoshi , Shiogama Hideo , Mizuta Ryo , Murata Akihiko , Kawase Hiroaki , Sasaki Hidetaka
Published: June 2020

Large-ensemble climate experiments were performed to simulate future climates for a + 1.5 K rise in the global mean surface air temperatures relative to preindustrial levels as a subset of the database for Policy Decision making for future climate change (d4PDF), using the Non-Hydrostatic Regional Climate Model (NHRCM) with 20 km grid spacing. Along with present climate, + 2 K and + 4 K experimental outputs from the d4PDF already available, we investigated responses of surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation on regional scales over Japan to global warming. The reproducibility of the present climate experiment is satisfactory to investigate future changes in the Japanese climate, and dynamical downscaling from the global to the regional climate states improves the frequency of heavy daily precipitation. In the future, SAT over Japan rises linearly with and faster than the global mean SAT. The meridional contrast of SAT rises becomes more pronounced as global warming progresses. Winter precipitation decreases/increases linearly in the western/eastern Japan, reflected by weakening of future winter monsoons. Annual maximum daily precipitation (R1d) shows a closely linear increase with the global SAT rise, but annual precipitation is mostly unchanged. The global mean SAT change from + 1.5 to + 2 K enhances R1d by 2.7% over the Japanese Islands, although the increase of R1d varies by regions. The increase in R1d is 5% in northern Japan, where the SAT increases are greater than those in other regions.
Relations between serum and pleural fluid biomarkers: a new look of an old concept
Authors: Hussein Sabah Ahmed , Elhefnawy Maha Yousif
Published: June 2020

Background

Although cytological examination of pleural fluid samples can simply diagnose malignant pleural effusion (MPE), this test has many limitations. There are no established biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of MPE. This study investigated the association of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) which is the cancer ratio with MPE together with assessment of the utility of combining pleural lymphocyte counts “cancer ratio plus” in diagnosing MPE and to evaluate the ability of these markers in differentiating MPE from tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE).

Results

This prospective study included 150 individuals who were divided into 3 groups including malignant (n= 94), tuberculous (n= 31), and parapneumonic (n= 25) effusions. It was done during the period from January 2018 to July 2019 to assess the utility of cancer ratio and cancer ratio plus in discrimination between MPE and non-MPE. Serum LDH, cancer ratio, and cancer ratio plus were significantly associated with MPE. Also, age, cancer ratio, and serum LDH to pleural fluid lymphocyte count ratio were positive predictors of MPE. A cutoff level of > 16.02 for the cancer ratio showed sensitivity and specificity of 61% (95% CI 0.5002–0.7056) and 96% (95% CI 0.8769–0.9956) respectively. At this cutoff, the positive likelihood ratio was 16.99, while the negative likelihood ratio was 0.41.

Conclusion

Cancer ratio was found to be more accurate than cancer ratio plus and serum LDH to pleural fluid lymphocyte count ratio in identifying MPE especially in patients with negative pleural fluid cytology.
Systematic Patient Navigation Strategies to Scale Breast Cancer Disparity Reduction by Improved Cancer Prevention and Care Delivery Processes
Authors: Simon Melissa A. , Trosman Julia R. , Rapkin Bruce , Rittner Sarah S. , Adetoro Elizabeth , Kirschner Marcie C. , O’Brian Catherine A. , Tom Laura S. , Weldon Christine B.
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE:

Patient navigation uses trained personnel to eliminate barriers to timely care across all phases of the health care continuum, thereby reducing health disparities. However, patient navigation has yet to be systematized in implementation models to improve processes of care at scale rather than remain a band-aid approach focused solely on improving care for the individual patient. The 4R systems engineering approach (right information and right treatment to the right patient at the right time) uses project management discipline principles to develop care sequence templates that serve as patient-centered project plans guiding patients and their care team.

METHODS:

A case-study approach focused on the underserved patient shows how facilitators to timely breast cancer screening and care pragmatically identified as emergent data by patient navigators can be actionized by iteratively revising 4R care sequence templates to incorporate new insights as they emerge.

RESULTS:

Using a case study of breast cancer screening of a low-income patient, we illustrate how 4R care sequence templates can be revised to incorporate emergent facilitators to care identified through patient navigation.

CONCLUSION:

Use of care sequence templates can inform the care team to optimize a particular patient’s care, while functioning as a learning health care system for process improvement of patient care and patient navigation scaling. A learning health care system approach that systematically integrates data patterns emerging from multiple patient navigation experiences through in-person navigators and 4R care sequence templates may improve processes of care and allow patient navigation scaling to reduce cancer disparities.
Functional Characterization of TMEM127 Variants Reveals Novel Insights into Its Membrane Topology and Trafficking
Authors: Flores Shahida K , Deng Yilun , Cheng Ziming , Zhang Xingyu , Tao Sifan , Saliba Afaf , Chu Irene , Burnichon Nelly , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Wang Exing , Aguiar Ricardo C T , Dahia Patricia L M
Published: June 2020

Context

TMEM127 is a poorly known tumor suppressor gene associated with pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and renal carcinomas. Our incomplete understanding of TMEM127 function has limited our ability to predict variant pathogenicity.

Purpose

To better understand the function of the transmembrane protein TMEM127 we undertook cellular and molecular evaluation of patient-derived germline variants.

Design

Subcellular localization and steady-state levels of tumor-associated, transiently expressed TMEM127 variants were compared to the wild-type protein using immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis, respectively, in cells genetically modified to lack endogenous TMEM127. Membrane topology and endocytic mechanisms were also assessed.

Results

We identified 3 subgroups of mutations and determined that 71% of the variants studied are pathogenic or likely pathogenic through loss of membrane-binding ability, stability, and/or internalization capability. Investigation into an N-terminal cluster of missense variants uncovered a previously unrecognized transmembrane domain, indicating that TMEM127 is a 4- transmembrane, not a 3-transmembrane domain-containing protein. Additionally, a C-terminal variant with predominant plasma membrane localization revealed an atypical, extended acidic, dileucine-based motif required for TMEM127 internalization through clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Conclusion

We characterized the functional deficits of several germline TMEM127 variants and identified novel structure–function features of TMEM127. These findings will assist in determining pathogenicity of TMEM127 variants and will help guide future studies investigating the cellular role of TMEM127.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem segundo a taxonomia da NANDA internacional para sistematização da assistência de enfermagem a COVID-19
Authors: Queiroz Amanda Gabrielle Silva , De Souza Rafael Zondonadi , Sottocornola Sara Ferreira , Barbosa Shirley Junqueira , Pinheiro Fernando Augusto , Souza Laurindo Pereira de
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: narrar as manifestações clínicas das vítimas da COVID-19 com base em evidências científicas e propor os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem de acordo com a Taxonomia da NANDA Internacional. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada com base em estudos que revelaram os sinais e os sintomas das vítimas positivas para COVID-19 que evoluíram de forma leve a grave. A busca dos estudos foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF, nos idiomas: inglês e português, com recorte temporal de dezembro de 2019 a abril de 2020, por meio da associação dos DeCs “coronavírus”, “pandemia”, “enfermagem” e COVID-19, utilizando o operador booleano “AND”, “OR” e “NOT”. Resultados: Após a leitura e o refinamento, foram selecionados 13 estudos segundo o objetivo e a proposta do tema. Foram abordados, ao longo do artigo, os principais sinais e sintomas, as medidas de segurança perante o vírus, os fatores de risco, diagnósticos e as intervenções de enfermagem, sendo expostos 15 diagnósticos de enfermagem segundo a NANDA. Conclusões: este estudo possui relevâncias esclarecedoras concernentes às condutas nos casos de confirmação ou suspeita da infecção pelo novo Coronavírus, a fim de estabelecer a sistematização da assistência, auxiliando o profissional enfermeiro a manejar, de forma satisfatória, sua prática clínica e gerencial perante os eventos relacionados à COVID-19.
Mechanisms for providing different reactivity to immobilization stress in male and female rats with different resistance to acute hypoxic hypoxia
Authors: Ordynskyi Iu. M. , Denefil O. V.
Published: June 2020

Attention of scientists of the world are study the features of increased resistance to hypoxia and chronic stress.The aim of the study was to trace the features of multidirectional correlations in the mechanisms of heart damage in high- and low-resistance to hypoxic hypoxia rats (HR, LR) in different models of immobilization stress.Material and methods of investigation. The experiments were performed on 144 outbred HR and LR aged 5.5-6 months, dividing into 3 groups – control and 2 with different model of immobilizing stress. Determine correlation between superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase, GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), conjugates diene and triene (DC, TC), Schiff bases (SB), TBA-active products, nitrite anion, in the blood – peroxidase activity (PAB), ceruloplasmin (CP), circulating immune complexes (CIC), oxidative modification of proteins.Results. In HR males rats in repeated every 24 hours stress, with increasing oxidative stress, has the positive correlation with the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, CP), and in LR with the accumulation of CIC increases GSH. At the stress repeated every 72 hours, various mechanisms of adaptation are noted: in HR animals due to activation of catalase and SOD, in LR – mainly due to catalase and CP. In HR rats-female with stress, which is repeated every 24 hours, adaptation occurs due to activation of SOD and PAB, in LR with the accumulation of CIC – due to PAB and GR. When the stress is repeated every 72 hours, catalase and GH are mainly activated in HR female, in LR – SOD, PAB, CP.Conclusion. The experiments revealed significant correlations that indicate the individual characteristics of the adaptation of rats to immobilization stress, which depend on resistance to hypoxia and sex.
Risk factors of cardiovascular disease nowadays
Authors: Fedorchenko R. A. , Mykhaylenko V. L.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the incidence of the population of Ukraine and the Zaporozhye region by class of diseases of the cardiovascular system, studied the structure and causes of mortality from CVD, cardiovascular disease risk factors.It is established that the number of adults who have diseases of the cardiovascular system in Ukraine has reached 26,4 million (58% of the population), more than 400 thousand. people die every year, about 14-15 people out of every 10 thousand adults become disabled. It was found that urban residents of the Zaporozhye region more often than rural (1,3 times, p <0,05) have CVD, and in Melitopol, Zaporozhye, Bilmatsky, Orekhovsky, Veselovsky and Berdyansky districts the incidence rate exceeds the national rate. In V-Belozersky, Zaporozhye, Mikhailovsky, Rozovsky and N-Nikolaevsky areas high levels of morbidity on a hypertensive disease with excess of republican level within 1,5-3,5 times (р<0,05) are registered. The prevalence of coronary heart disease was in line with the national trend, but in 19 districts of the Zaporizhia region the prevalence of strokes was 2,5 times (р<0,05) higher than the Ukrainian average; and in 11 - the prevalence of myocardial infarction exceeded the national level. In the structure of causes of death from CVD, the share of coronary heart disease was 68,9%; cerebrovascular disease – 19,7%, strokes - 8.3%; myocardial infarction (all forms) – 2,5%.Adverse demographic situation inUkraine, including Zaporozhye region is largely due to cardiovascular diseases, which significantly affect the main indicators of public health. A stable increase in the general mortality rate and a decrease in life expectancy are of serious concern and indicate the insufficient effectiveness of preventive measures. First of all, preventive measures should be planned in those areas of the Zaporizhzhya region, where the incidence and mortality rates exceed the average regional and republican indicators. These are such cities of Zaporozhye, Melitopol, Energodar and such regions Rozovsky, Tokmack, Zaporizhia and B-Belozersky areas.
Cerebral perivascular spaces as an important diagnostic marker of cerebral small vessel disease and brain pathology
Authors: Moskovko S. P. , Bartiuk S. R.
Published: June 2020

Objective. To assess the association of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), some basic metabolic tests, brain atrophy and clinical outcome after territorial stroke.Methods. 90 patients with acute stroke (<24 hours of onset) were recruited. Modified Rankin scale and Bartel index where used to assess stroke outcome. Cerebral MRI was performed to assess white matter lesions (WML), lacunes, cerebral atrophy and EPVS in basal ganglia and cortical-subcortical area with a validated four-point visual rating scale. Total CSVD burden was calculated with summation of lacunes, WML and EPVS with a validated scale. Spearmen correlation and logistic regression were used to identified association between EPVS, total CSVD burden, CSVD features and some basic metabolic tests (creatinine, urea, cholesterol, bilirubin, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate).Results. There was a very strong correlation between EPVS and total CSVD burden (r = 0.9, p <0.000) and with Fazekas score scale (r = 0.9, p <0.000). A strong correlation was found between EPVS and global cortical atrophy (r = 0.7, p <0.000), and a moderate correlation with presence of lacunes (r = 0.4, p <0.05). EPVS in basal ganglia had a significant correlation with the degree of extracranial carotid stenosis (r = 0.4, p <0.05). The severity of EPVS was associated with a more severe neurological deficit on the NIHSS scale (r = 0.5, p <0.05) and an increased degree of disability by Bartel's index (r = 0.5, p <0.05) in patients on discharge. Creatinine was associated with CSVD features.Conclusions. EPVS is highly associated with total CSVD burden and others its features as well as with stroke outcome. EPVS in different brain regions may lead to the distinguish of two main type of CSVD – hypertensive arteriolosclerosis and beta-amyloid angiopathy.
Peritoneal dialysis catheter placement technique
Authors: Polski Paweł , Kusz Monika , Pawluczuk Paulina , Maślak Agnieszka , Alzubedi Adam
Published: June 2020

Correct implantation of a peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter, among many factors, is the main aspect of the success of this method of renal replacement therapy and the avoidance of complications associated with dialysis access and its mechanical function. There are many types of peritoneal catheters: a simple Tenckhoff catheter, a catheter with a coiled spiral-shaped intraperitoneal part of the coli type, a catheter with a curved extraperitoneal part of the swan-neck type, a self-positioning catheter, a pre-bridge catheter. The article describes implantation techniques for peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters in renal replacement therapy. Complications associated with Tenckoff's catheter still cause significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating the transition to hemodialysis (HD) treatment.
Mental illness as a source of family stress
Authors: Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Majchrowicz Bożena , Kłos Alicja , Sobejko Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

Mental illness has been a cause of concerns in society for centuries. To this day, although we have access to a wide range of information, many people stigmatize and isolate people suffering from this type of disorder. It is difficult to say what is the reason for this, the inability to act, ignorance or irrational fear. It is a fact that people with mental disorders arouse anxiety, aversion and even fear in us. This is why the sick themselves, as well as indirectly their loved ones, are often pushed to the margins of society, which is a source of stress they feel.Aim of the paper: To show the problem of mental illness in the family and the extent to which it affects the stress experienced by its members.Material and methods: The research was conducted on the area of Jarosław County among 103 family members of people diagnosed with mental illnesses. The research tool was an original questionnaire, which was conducted in the months from January to March 2019. The SPSS program was used for statistical calculations and all relationships are statistically significant when p≤0.05.Results and conclusions: 66% feel stress due to a mental illness in their relative. Only 22.3% definitely denied this, and 9.7% were not sure of their feelings. The classification of the stress experienced was not statistically significantly different due to gender (p=0.27), age (p=0.76) and education of respondents (p=0.14).Every occurrence of an illness is usually a traumatic experience for most family members or carers. People close to them are confronted with a new, uncomfortable life situation, new challenges and responsibilities and therefore feel very confused, not knowing whether they can cope with such difficult challenges as care. The level of knowledge in families with mentally ill people about such diseases is low. This may be due to the reluctance of these people to delve into the subject on the basis of pushing the problem away.
Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Machaj Dominik , Cyboran Katarzyna , Płaczek Alicja , Baran Marlena , Wojnowski Michał
Published: June 2020

The formation of a thrombus in a vein leads to a narrowing of its lumen and a reduction in blood flow, which results in the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE). It manifests itself in most cases, including pain, swelling and redness of the affected limb. Data published in 2007 indicate that in 6 European Union countries as many as 370,000 deaths per year are a consequence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is 75% a consequence of hospitalization. [2] [11] The causes of blood clots are found in the factors of the so-called Virchow triad. The main risk factors for venous thromboembolism as well as its complications of pulmonary embolism include thrombophilia, advanced age, previous VTE, immobilization of trauma or surgery. In the diagnosis of VTE, the determination of D-dimer level plays a key role.
Zinc detection in cosmetics
Authors: Materna Jolanta , Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara
Published: June 2020

Zinc is a metal which participates in the control of genetic information transfer, protein biosynthesis, affects the proper structure of the skin and hair, has bactericidal activity, accelerates wound healing, increases resistance to infection. It has an effect on skin regeneration and affects collagen metabolism.The aim of the study was to check it zinc is present in cosmetics.To detect zinc in cosmetics, 0.2 g were weighed into a 25 cm3 beaker. 5 cm3 of an 80% acetic acid solution was added, the beaker was covered with a watch glass and the contents were heated for 5 minutes. The suspension was cooled, poured into a centrifuge tube and centrifuged. The supernatant liquid was poured onto a watch glass, a few drops of Na2S solution were added. The precipitation of the white ZnS precipitate indicated the presence of zinc in the sample.105 samples of cosmetics were collected. The compositions of these cosmetics were analyzed.Zinc and its compounds were enumerated by the manufacturers in the composition of 14 cosmetics collected for the study. Presence of zinc was confirmed in Bell HYPOAllergenic - Powder, Face palette Bronze'n'blush no 14 and 24, Skin79 Super + Beblesh Balm,  MaxFactor - Powder, My Secret -  eye shadow, Paese - eye shadow , Ziaja med - soothing treatment, Ziaja GdanSkin - hydrogel face, Tołpa dermo face mask, Mixa - Against imperfections mask, The Ordinary serum, Oriflame Royal Velvet - night cream and BeBeauty Care - face mask.Conclusion: Zinc was detected in 14 cosmetics.
Urinary tract infection in children
Authors: Kusz Monika , Alzubedi Adam , Maślak Agnieszka , Pawluczuk Paulina , Polski Paweł
Published: June 2020

Urinary tract infections are considered to be one of the most common bacterial infection in children. In 30 % of children with anomalies of urinary tract , urinary tract infection (UTI) can be the first sign. UTIs are classified according to site, symptoms or episode. E. coli is responsible for 80-90 % of acute pyelonephritis episodes. Symptoms include fever, dysuria, tenderness in the lower abdomen are typical for older children, whereas for younger are non-specific. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, abnormal urine analysis and growth on urine culture. Urine culture is still a gold standard for diagnosing urinary tract infections. Antibiotics are usually effective, although antibiotics resistance is still an increasing problem.
Craniofacial disorders in the course of Angelman syndrome - a review of the literature
Authors: Brukiewicz Katarzyna , Komisarek Oskar
Published: June 2020

Angelman syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 10.000 to 1 in 40.000 cases. Clinical presentation is based on characteristic neurobehavioral and emotional disorders, a function of the nervous and pulmonary system as well as dysmorphic features within craniofacial and neurocranium. The aim of the study is an evaluation based on the literature reviewing disorders in the craniofacial region in patients with Angelman Syndrome, with particular emphasis on the oral cavity. Literature from the PubMed base and the Main Medical Library from the last 30 years was analysed. sixteen items were obtained; after verification,  the requirements were met by 16 publications, which together contained a description of the craniofacial and oral cavity disorders in 226 patients. Disorders associated with Angelman syndrome affected many aspects related to health, basic life functions and interpersonal relationships. Proper substantive preparation for working with such a patient enables effective prevention and health monitoring, adjustment of the treatment plan, as well as readiness for any unexpected situations.