bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of supplements differing in fatty acid profile to late gestational beef cows on cow performance, calf growth performance, and mRNA expression of genes associated with myogenesis and adipogenesis
Authors: Shao Taoqi , Ireland Frank A. , McCann Joshua C. , Shike Daniel W.
Published: February 2021

Background: Maternal nutrition during gestation affects fetal development, which has long-term programming effects on offspring postnatal growth performance. With a critical role in protein and lipid metabolism, essential fatty acids can influence the development of muscle and adipose tissue. The experiment investigated the effects of late gestation supplements (77 d prepartum), either rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (CON; 155 g/cow/d EnerGII) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 80 g/cow/d Strata and 80 g/cow/d Prequel), on cow performance and subsequent calf growth performance as well as mRNA expression in longissimus muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue at birth and weaning.Results: There was no difference (P ≥ 0.34) in cow body weight (BW) or body condition score from pre-supplementation through weaning. Relative concentrations of C18:3n-3 and C20:4n-6 decreased (P ≤ 0.05) to a greater extent from mid-supplementation to calving for PUFA compared to CON cows. Cow plasma C20:0, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were increased (P ≤ 0.01) in PUFA during supplementation period. At birth, PUFA steers had greater (P = 0.01) plasma C20:5n-3. No differences (P ≥ 0.33) were detected in steer birth BW or dam milk production, however, CON steers tended (P = 0.06) to have greater pre-weaning average daily gain and had greater (P = 0.05) weaning BW compared to PUFA. For mRNA expression in steers: MYH7 and C/EBPβ in LM increased (P ≤ 0.04) to a greater extent from birth to weaning for PUFA compared to CON; MYF5 in LM and C/EBPβ in adipose tissue tended (P ≤ 0.08) to decrease more from birth to weaning for CON compared to PUFA; SCD in PUFA adipose tissue tended (P = 0.08) to decrease to a greater extent from birth to weaning than CON. In addition, maternal PUFA supplementation tended (P = 0.08) to decrease MYOG mRNA expression in LM and decreased (P = 0.02) ZFP423 in adipose tissue during the pre-weaning stage.Conclusions: Late gestation PUFA supplementation decreased pre-weaning growth performance of the subsequent steer progeny compared to CON supplementation, which could have been a result of downregulated mRNA expression of myogenic genes during pre-weaning period.
Abrupt remapping in human CA3/dentate gyrus signals resolution of memory interference
Authors: Guo Wanjia , Favila Serra , Kim Ghootae , Molitor Robert , Kuhl Brice
Published: February 2021

Remapping refers to a decorrelation of hippocampal representations of similar spatial environments. While it has been speculated that remapping may contribute to the resolution of episodic memory interference in humans, direct evidence is surprisingly limited. Here, we tested this idea using high-resolution, pattern-based fMRI analyses. We show that activity patterns in human CA3/dentate gyrus exhibit an abrupt, temporally-specific decorrelation of highly similar memory representations that is precisely coupled with behavioral expressions of successful learning. Strikingly, the magnitude of this learning-related decorrelation was predicted by the amount of pattern overlap during initial stages of learning, with greater initial overlap leading to stronger decorrelation. Finally, we show that remapped activity patterns carry relatively more information about learned episodic associations compared to competing associations, further validating the learning-related significance of remapping. Collectively, these findings establish a critical link between hippocampal remapping and episodic memory interference and provide novel insight into why remapping occurs.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Compartments in Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Functional Evaluation of IL1A and IMP3
Authors: Albericio Guillermo , Aguilar Susana , Torán Jose Luis , Yañez Rosa , López Juan Antonio , Vázquez Jesús , Mora Carmen , Bernad Antonio
Published: February 2021

Clinical trials evaluating cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) demonstrated feasibility and safety, but no clear functional benefits. Therefore a deeper understanding of CPC biology is warranted to inform strategies capable to enhance their therapeutic potential. Here we have defined, using a label-free proteomic approach, the differential cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of human CPC (hCPC). Global analysis of cytoplasmic repertoire in hCPC suggested an important hypoxia response capacity and active collagen metabolism. In addition, comparative analysis of the nuclear protein compartment identified a significant regulation of a small number of proteins in hCPC versus human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Two proteins significantly upregulated in the hCPC nuclear compartment, IL1A and IMP3, showed also a parallel increase in mRNA expression in hCPC versus hMSC, and were studied further. IL1A, subjected to an important post-transcriptional regulation, was demonstrated to act as a dual-function cytokine with a plausible role in apoptosis regulation. The knockdown of the mRNA binding protein (IMP3) did not negatively impact hCPC viability, but reduced their proliferation and migration capacity. Analysis of a panel of putative candidate genes identified HMGA2 and PTPRF as IMP3 targets in hCPC. Therefore, they are potentially involved in hCPC proliferation/migration regulation.
Antimicrobial Dispensing Sans Legitimate Prescription from Community Pharmacies in Lahore, Pakistan: Implications for Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Hashmi Furqan K , Khadka Sitaram , Khan Mash’hood Mahmood , Khan Saif Ullah , Saeed Hamid , Islam Muhammad , Atif Naveel , Malik Usman , Rasool Muhammad Fawad , Aziz Muhammad Majid , Riboua Zineb , Mansoor Hussaam-ul-Haq
Published: February 2021

Background: The use of antimicrobials and their acquisition from pharmacies without prescription is on the rise in low-and middle-income countries contributing towards the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The study aims to determine factors influencing the non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics from community pharmacies and implications in AMR.Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2019 to September 2019 in Lahore city of Pakistan. The data were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. The association of the knowledge, attitude, and practice with demographic parameters were determined using correlation and chi-square test.Results: The majority of the respondents were male pharmacists (84.5%) working as staff pharmacists (45.5%). Among the respondents, 75.9% considered AMR as a global health threat, however, 52.1% facilitated antimicrobial dispensing without prescriptions. Respondents stated that non-prescription antimicrobial dispensing was to make medical consultation easy (42%) and satisfy the demand of the patients (30.1%). Yet participants recognized the value of patient education concerning drug interactions 42.6%, culture and sensitivity test 31.5%, and full course of antimicrobials 40.8%. Participants were not agreed to dispense antimicrobials in cold and flu (58.1%), influenza (57.8%), abdominal pain (50%), and fever (60.7%). They practiced dispensing in diarrhea (62.2%), urinary tract infections (68.1%), ear infection (56.9%), and sore throat (64%). For qualification with all knowledge variables, a significant association was obtained. For marital status and qualification with practice variables, P-value was found significant.Conclusion: Interventions should be done to halt these irrational practices which have a negative impact on public health. Educational interventions are required for the public. Strict enforcement of rules and regulations, Drug Sale Rules 2007, and implementation of Pakistan’s National Action Plan on AMR is required.
Soil organic carbon under lockdown: Fresh plant litter as the nucleus for persistent carbon
Authors: Witzgall Kristina , Vidal Alix , Schubert David , Höschen Carmen , Schweizer Steffen , Buegger Franz , Pouteau Valérie , Chenu Claire , Mueller Carsten
Published: February 2021

The largest terrestrial organic carbon pool, carbon in soils, is regulated by the intricate connection between plant carbon inputs, microbial activity, and soil matrix. This is manifested by how microorganisms, the key players in transforming plant-derived carbon into soil organic carbon, are controlled by the physical arrangement of organic and inorganic soil particles. We studied the role of soil structure on the fate of litter-derived organic matter and we propose that the persistence of soil carbon pools is directly determined at plant–soil interfaces. We show that while microbial activity and fungal growth is controlled by soil structure, occlusion of organic matter into aggregates and formation of organo-mineral associations occur in concert on litter surfaces regardless of soil structure. These two mechanisms—the two most prominent processes contributing to the persistence of organic matter—occur directly at fresh litter that constitutes a key nucleus in the build-up of soil carbon persistence.
Big Social Data as a Service (BSDaaS): A Service Composition Framework For Social Media Analysis
Authors: Ali Kashif , Hamilton Margaret , Thevathayan Charles , Zhang Xiuzhen
Published: February 2021

Social media provides an infrastructure where users can share their data at an unprecedented speed without worrying about storage and processing. Social media data has grown exponentially and now there is major interest in extracting any useful information from the social media data to apply in various domains. Currently, there are various tools available to analyze the large amounts of social media data. However, these tools do not consider the diversity of the social media data, and treat social media as a uniform data source with similar features. Thus, these tools lack the flexibility to dynamically process and analyze the social media data according to its diverse features. In this paper, we develop a `Big Social Data as a Service' (BSDaaS) composition framework that extracts the data from various social media platforms, and transforms it into useful information. The framework provides a quality model to capture the dynamic features of social media data. In addition, our framework dynamically assesses the quality features of the social media data and composes appropriate services required for various information analyses. We present a social media based sentiment analysis system as a motivating scenario and conduct experiments using real-world datasets to show the efficiency of our approach.
Ruxolitinib in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome
Authors: Mura Eleonora , Masnada Silvia , Antonello Clara , Parazzini Cecilia , Izzo Giana , Garau Jessica , Sproviero Daisy , Cereda Cristina , Orcesi Simona , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Dilillo Dario , Penagini Francesca , Tonduti Davide
Published: February 2021

Aicardi Goutières Syndrome (AGS) is a monogenic leukodystrophy with pediatric onset, clinically characterized by a variable degree of neurologic impairment. It belongs to a group of condition called type I interferonopathies that are characterized by abnormal overproduction of interferon alpha, an inflammatory cytokine which action is mediated by the activation of 2 of the four human Janus Kinases. Thanks to an ever-increasing knowledge of the molecular basis and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKIs) have been proposed as a treatment for interferonopathies. We described the 24 months follow-up of the fifth AGS patient treated with ruxolitinib. Treatment was globally well tolerated; clinical and radiological picture demonstrated a progressively improving course. It is however to note that patients presenting mild and spontaneously improving picture have been reported. Large natural history studies on AGS spectrum are urgently needed in order to help the interpretation of the results of therapeutic trials.
Advantages of Tyrosine Kinase Anti-Angiogenic Cediranib Over Bevacizumab: Cell Cycle Abrogation and Synergy With Chemotherapy
Authors: Bi Jianling , Dixit Garima , Zhang Yuping , Devor Eric J , Losh Haley A , Newtson Andreea M , Coleman Kristen L , Santillan Donna A , Maretzky Thorsten , Thiel Kristina W , Leslie Kimberly K
Published: February 2021

Background: Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor development and metastasis, and several clinical trials of anti-angiogenic agents have been conducted in advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. Both bevacizumab and cediranib have demonstrated activity as single agents, though subsequent studies of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy failed to improve outcomes compared to chemotherapy alone. Our group has previously established that chemotherapy plus an angiokinase inhibitor promotes catastrophic cell death in a xenograft model of endometrial cancer. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of cediranib and bevacizumab in endometrial cancer models.Methods: The cellular effects of the bevacizumab and cediranib were examined in endometrial cancer cell lines using ERK phosphorylation, ligand shedding, cell viability and cell cycle progression as readouts. Cellular viability following exposure to bevacizumab or cediranib as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy was also tested in eight patient-derived organoid models of endometrial cancer. Finally, we performed a phosphoproteomic array of 875 phosphoproteins to define the signaling changes related to bevacizumab versus cediranib.Results: Whereas both bevacizumab and cediranib effectively blunted tyrosine kinase receptor signaling in human vascular endothelial cells, only cediranib blocked ligand-mediated ERK activation in endometrial cancer cells. In both cell lines and patient-derived organoid cultures, neither bevacizumab nor cediranib alone had a notable effect on cell viability, even at 1-10 µM concentrations. By contrast, cediranib but not bevacizumab promoted marked cell death when combined with chemotherapy. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated an accumulation in mitosis after treatment with cediranib+chemotherapy, consistent with abrogation of the G2/M checkpoint and subsequent mitotic catastrophe. Molecular analysis of key controllers of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint confirmed its abrogation. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that bevacizumab and cediranib had both similar and unique effects on cell signaling that underlie their shared versus individual actions as anti-angiogenic agents. Conclusions: Based on these data, we conclude that an anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as cediranib has the potential to be superior to bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy. These data set the stage for future clinical studies of the combination of standard chemotherapy with cediranib in advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer.
Miscanthus Sinensis is as Efficient as Miscanthus × Giganteus for Nitrogen Recycling in Spite of Smaller N Fluxes
Authors: Leroy Julie , Ferchaud Fabien , Giauffret Catherine , Mary Bruno , Fingar Laura , Mignot Emilie , Arnoult Stephanie , Lenoir Servan , Martin Damian , Brancourt-Hulmel Maryse , Zapater Marion
Published: February 2021

Nitrogen (N) recycling is a key mechanism to ensure the sustainability of miscanthus production with no or small fertiliser inputs, but little is known on the subject in miscanthus species other than the most cultivated Miscanthus × giganteus. This field experiment on Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis quantified plant biomass and N stock dynamics during two years. Endogenous net N fluxes, calculated by the difference in plant N content throughout time, were higher in Miscanthus × giganteus than in Miscanthus sinensis. Indeed, 79 kg N ha-1 and 105 to 197 kg N ha-1 were remobilized during spring and autumn respectively for Miscanthus × giganteus, as opposed to 13 to 25 kg N ha-1 and 46 to 128 kg N ha-1 for Miscanthus sinensis. However, their N recycling efficiency, defined as the ratio between N remobilisation fluxes and the maximum above-ground N content, did not differ significantly. It ranged from 8 to 27% for spring remobilisation and from 63 to 74% and 24 to 38% for autumn remobilization calculated on above-ground and below-ground N respectively. Exogenous N, the main source of N to constitute maximum plant N content for all genotypes, was provided by fertilisation (22 to 24%) and organic matter mineralisation or other sources (43 to 59%). During winter, 50 to 56% of plant N content was lost. Abscised leaves constituted an additional loss of 6 to 12%. Our results show that Miscanthus sinensis is as efficient as Miscanthus × giganteus and as performant as other perennial species concerning N functioning.
Differential Abatement of Inflammation And Osteoclastogenesis In Active Charcot Neuroarthropathy: Mechanistic Insights From Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Das Liza , Rastogi Ashu , Prakash Mahesh , Dutta Pinaki , Bhansali Anil
Published: February 2021

AimsInflammatory osteolysis is the sine-qua-non of active Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN). This study is aimed to provide mechanistic insights into pathogenesis of CN by exploring the role of methylprednisolone or zoledronate for remission of active CN. MethodsThirty-six patients with active CN (temperature difference >2°C from normal foot) were evaluated for time to remission. Patients were off-loaded with total contact cast and randomised to receive either methylprednisolone (1gm), zoledronate (5mg) or placebo (100ml normal saline) once monthly infusion for three consecutive months. Change in inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), bone turnover markers (P1NPand CTX) and bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed. ResultsTime to remission of active CN was 19.4 ± 2.8 weeks with methylprednisolone compared to14.6 ± 4.4 and 13.5 ± 2.9 weeks (p<0.05) with zoledronate and placebo, respectively. TNF-α levels reduced by 27% (p=0.03) with methylprednisolone,18% with zoledronate and 16% with placebo (p>0.05), while IL-1β reduced by 30% (p=0.02) with methylprednisolone, 21% with zoledronate and 16% with placebo (p>0.05). P1NP decreased by 5%, 24% and 19% with methylprednisolone, zoledronate and placebo, respectively. CTX decreased by 35% and 11% with zoledronate and placebo respectively but increased with methylprednisolone (18%) (p>0.05). Conclusion Effective suppression of either inflammation with methylprednisolone or osteoclastogenesis with zoledronate do not translate into earlier remission of active CN. The role of non-cytokine and non-inflammatory pathways for the activation of osteoclastogenesis in CN is purported.
Inflammatory Potential of the Diet and Risk of Breast Cancer in the European Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study
Authors: Castro-Espin Carlota , Agudo Antonio , Bonet Catalina , Katzke Verena , Turzanski-Fortner Renée , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Schulze Matthias B , Tjønneland Anne , Dahm Christina C , Quirós José Ramón , Sánchez María José , Amiano Pilar , Chirlaque María Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Masala Giovanna , Sieri Sabina , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Panico Salvatore , May Anne M , Bodén Stina , Gram Iger T , Skeie Guri , Laouali Nasser , Shah Sanam , Severi Gianluca , Aune Dagfinn , Merritt Melissa A , Cairat Manon , Weiderpass Elisabete , Riboli Elio , Dossus Laure , Jakszyn Paula
Published: February 2021

The role of chronic inflammation on breast cancer (BC) risk remains unclear beyond as an underlying mechanism of obesity and physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of BC overall, according to menopausal status and tumour subtypes. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, 318,686 women were followed for 14 years, among whom 13,246 incident BC cases were identified. The inflammatory potential of the diet was characterized by an inflammatory score of the diet (ISD). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the potential effect of the ISD on BC risk by means of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). ISD was positively associated with BC risk. Each increase of one standard deviation (1-Sd) of the score increased by 4% the risk of BC (HR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). Women in the highest quintile of the ISD (indicating most pro-inflammatory diet) had a 12% increase in risk compared with those in the lowest quintile (HR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.04-1.21) with a significant trend. The association was strongest among premenopausal women, with an 8% increased risk for 1-Sd increase in the score (HR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.14). The pattern of the association was quite homogeneous by BC subtypes based on hormone receptor status. There were no significant interactions between ISD and body mass index, physical activity or alcohol consumption. Women consuming more pro-inflammatory diets as measured by ISD are at increased risk for BC, especially premenopausal women.
Efficient Homogeneous TEMPO-mediated Oxidation of Cellulose in Lithium Bromide Hydrates
Authors: Fu Xiaotong , Zhang Fulong , Dong Cuihua , Zhu Wenyuan , Xiong Kaifeng , pang zhiqiang
Published: February 2021

An appropriate cellulose-dissolving solvent is critical for the homogeneous oxidation of cellulose using TEMPO (2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)-mediated system. Herein, TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 system in lithium bromide hydrates (LBHs) was developed for the homogeneous selective-oxidation of cellulose, which was two-stage protocol involving cellulose dissolution and homogeneous oxidation. Specifically, cellulose was firstly dissolved in LiBr⋅3.5H2O and offered the optimal pH (5.6) for the subsequent TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 oxidation without precipitation of the cellulose chains. Effect of reaction conditions on cellulose oxidation was investigated. The results showed that high degree of oxidation (DO) and evenly distributed carboxyl could be achieved. The particle size gradually decreased with DO, and oxidized cellulose with high water solubility and amorphous structure could be obtained. Furthermore, FT-IR, 13C NMR and fractionation analysis verified that cellulose was successfully converted and the carboxyl uniformly distributed onto the cellulose chains. This TEMPO-mediated system using LBHs as solvent presented an efficient method on the homogeneous selective oxidation of primary hydroxyl in cellulose.
Single-Step Genomic Evaluation With a Metafounder for Feed Conversion Ratio and Average Daily Gain in Danish Landrace and Yorkshire Pigs
Authors: Fu Chuanke , Ostersen Tage , Xiang Tao , Christensen Ole F.
Published: February 2021

Background

Single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (SSGBLUP) method is an effective approach for genetic evaluation. To overcome the issue that pedigree and genomic relationship matrices refer to different base populations, a single-step genomic method with a metafounder (MF-SSGBLUP) was put forward. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive abilities and bias of genomic evaluation based on MF-SSGBLUP compared with standard SSGBLUP. We did this for feed conversion ratio (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) in DanBred Landrace (LL) and DanBred Yorkshire (YY) pigs using both univariate and bivariate models. Additionally, optimal weighting factors (ω) on pedigree-based relationship matrices for ADG and FCR in both SSGBLUP and MF-SSGBLUP were also investigated.
Results

In general, SSGBLUP and MF-SSGBLUP methods showed similar predictive abilities and biasedness of GEBVs. In LL, for ADG, the predictive ability for SSGBLUP was up to 0.355, while MF-SSGBLUP reached a highest predictive ability of 0.356; for FCR, the predictive ability for MF-SSGBLUP together with a bivariate model was highest (0.196) among all the different scenarios. In YY, performances of genomic prediction for ADG were almost similar among different scenarios and predictive ability for ADG was up to 0.347; for FCR, the highest predictive ability (0.355) was obtained in MF-SSGBLUP. In biasedness, SSGBLUP and MF-SSGBLUP performed nearly the same, and bivariate models generally had less biasedness than univariate models. Additionally, in terms of the optimal weighting factors (ω), in LL, regardless of a univariate or a bivariate model was used, the optimal ω for ADG were around 0.2 in both SSGBLUP and MF-SSGBLUP; for FCR, 0.70 and 0.55 were the optimal ω in SSGBLUP and MF-SSGBLUP method, respectively. In YY, the optimal ω ranged from 0.25 to 0.35 for ADG and from 0.10 to 0.30 for FCR in different scenarios.
Conclusions

This study indicated that MF-SSGBLUP method performed at least as good as SSGBLUP for genomic evaluation. The optimal weighting factors (ω) in SSGBLUP and MF-SSGBLUP are not dramatically different. Overall, MF-SSGBLUP in combination with a bivariate model was recommended for single-step genomic evaluation for ADG and FCR in DanBred Landrace and Yorkshire pigs.
A Noise Immune Double Suspended Gate MOSFET for Ultra Low-Power Applications
Authors: Sengupta Savio Jay , Goswami Bijoy , Das Pritam , Sarkar Subir Kumar
Published: February 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop the design and analytical modelling of a noise immune double suspended gate MOSFET (DSG-MOSFET) for ultra-low power applications. Also, Important performance parameters of the proposed structure such as pull-in and pull-out voltages have been thoroughly investigated with respect to the valuable structural parameters.MethodsThe design methodology used is EKV based analytical approach to calculate the pull-in and pull-out voltages with ingeniously developed boundary conditions which helps achieving reasonably accurate result. Also, the I-V characteristics has been modelled to justify accuracy.ResultsThe experimental result shows that the pull-in and pull-out voltages are in millivolts and microvolts range and hence it can be used in ultra-low power applications. As the ratio between the pull-out and the pull-in voltage is 10^(+3) range, justifies that the proposed structure is noise immune. The ID-VGS characteristic has hysteresis and this sharp transition in pull-in and pull-out voltage indicates that it can be used as an ideal switch with infinite sub-threshold slope.ConclusionThis paper presents a compact EKV based analytical modelling of pull-in and pull-out voltages for a DSG-MOSFET which predict the device characteristics reasonably similar to simulated results. Also, for the first time the noise immunity for a DSGMOSFET has been analyzed.
Influence of Anodization Parameters on Film Thickness and Volume Expansion of Thick and Large-Sized Anodic Aluminum Oxide Film
Authors: Pu Yuanjing , Hu Jiajun , Yao Taicang , Li Linfeng , Zhao Jie , Guo Yu
Published: February 2021

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film with a thickness ranging from 20 to100 μm was prepared by using a large-sized Al plate (4 cm × 10 cm) to investigate the anodization parameter effect on the film thickness and volume expansion factor. A corrosion treatment (voltage = 0 V) was performed to investigate the film dissolution caused by acid. The actual anode surface temperature was also measured to confirm the field-assisted nature of AAO dissolution. The film thickness increases exponentially with temperature, and increases approximately linearly with voltage, duration or concentration. The volume expansion factor gives a first rising and then falling trend with temperature or duration, while it has a nearly linear trend with voltage or concentration. The volume expansion factor increases with the intensified electric field, while its decrease is attributed to the Joule heat-enhanced dissolution. In the case of large film thickness (> 20 μm), the pore confinement effect may be one of the reasons for the change of volume expansion factor. In addition to the conventional parameters, the heat transfer-related parameters such as sample size also greatly affect the AAO film growth.
Magnetic flux closure in mutant magnetotactic bacteria elucidates a key signature of magnetofossils
Authors: Amor Matthieu , Wan Juan , Egli Ramon , Carlut Julie , Gatel Christiphe , Andersen Ingrid Marie , Snoeck Etienne , Komeili Arash
Published: February 2021

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce single- or multi-stranded chains of magnetic nanoparticles that contribute to the magnetization of sedimentary rocks. Their magnetic fingerprint can be detected in ancient geological samples, and serve as a unique biosignature of microbial life. However, fossilized assemblages bear contradictory signatures pointing to magnetic components that have distinct origin(s). Here, we produce mutant bacteria to mimic MTB producing multi-stranded chains that cannot be cultivated in the laboratory, and show that the unresolved magnetic signatures are fully compatible with the contribution of MTB synthesizing multi-stranded nanoparticle chains and with fold-collapsed single-stranded chains. These structures generate magnetic flux-closing configurations while maintaining high remanent magnetizations. This work has important paleoclimatic, paleontological and phylogenetic implications, as it provides a novel tool to differentiate distinct MTB lineages (single- vs multi-stranded nanoparticle chains) which will enable the tracking of the evolution of some of the most ancient biomineralizing organisms in a time-resolved manner.
Moisture Uptake in Nanocellulose: The Effect of Relative Humidity, Temperature and Degree of Crystallinity
Authors: Garg Mohit , Apostolopoulou-Kalkavoura Varvara , Linares Mathieu , Kaldéus Tahani , Malmström Eva , Bergström Lennart , Zozoulenko Igor
Published: February 2021

Foams made from cellulose nanomaterials are highly porous and possess excellent mechanical and thermal insulation properties. However, the moisture uptake and hygroscopic properties of these materials need to be better understood for their use in biomedical and bioelectronics applications, in humidity sensing and thermal insulation. In this work, we present a combination of hybrid Grand Canonical Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations and experimental measurements to investigate the moisture uptake within nanocellulose foams. To explore the effect of surface modification on moisture uptake we used two types of celluloses, namely TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils and carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils. We find that the moisture uptake in both the cellulose nanomaterials increases with increasing relative humidity (RH) and decreases with increasing temperature, which is explained using the basic thermodynamic principles. The measured and calculated moisture uptake in amorphous cellulose (for a given RH or temperature) is higher as compared to crystalline cellulose with TEMPO- and CM-modified surfaces. The high water uptake of amorphous cellulose films is related to the formation of water-filled pores with increasing RH. The microscopic insight of water uptake in nanocellulose provided in this study can assist the design and fabrication of high-performance cellulose materials with improved properties for thermal insulation in humid climates or packaging of water sensitive goods.
Fine-Mapping of the PLCL2 Gene Identifies Candidate Variants Associated With Ischaemic Stroke Risk in Metabolic Syndrome Patients
Authors: Huang Xiaoya , Ye Qiang , Zhang Yanlei , Chen Yanyan , Li Jia , Sun Jun , Ye zusen
Published: February 2021

Background and aimsA genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported PLCL2 on chromosome 3p24.3 (rs4618210:A>G) as a novel susceptibility locus for myocardial infarction in the Japanese population. As the most common pathological process, atherosclerosis leads to metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related ischaemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction. Hypothesizing that polymorphisms of the PLCL2 gene might be associated with the onset and prognosis of IS in MetS patients, we performed the following study in a Chinese Han population. MethodsA total of 709 cases (patients with MetS plus IS) and 711 controls (patients with MetS) were enrolled. A fine-mapping strategy was adopted to identify tagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PLCL2 gene, and improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technology was used to genotype the selected SNPs. Logistic regression was used to analyse the values of the selected SNPs for the risk of IS between the cases and controls, adjusting for sex, age, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, smoking and drinking. To compare the mean age of IS onset among different risk score groups, a genetic risk score was constructed for each case. The cumulative risk of IS events in the case group was presented using a cumulative incidence curve. All cases were followed up for 3 months, and functional outcomes were recorded prospectively.ResultsTwo SNPs (rs4685423 and rs4618210) were significantly related to the risk of IS in MetS patients. For rs4685423, patients who were AA homozygotes were less likely to suffer from IS than C-allele carriers (OR 0.718; 95% CI 0.567–0.909; multivariate-adjusted, P = 0.006). For rs4618210, A-allele carriers were less likely to develop IS than patients who were GG homozygotes (OR 0.679; 95% CI 0.548–0.841; multivariate-adjusted, P < 0.001). As the genetic risk score increased, the mean age at IS onset decreased (log-rank P = 0.010). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) outcomes across the rs4685423 (P = 0.319) or rs4618210 polymorphisms (P = 0.148). ConclusionsOur findings suggested that genetic polymorphisms of PLCL2 might be associated with the onset of MetS-related IS. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings in other ethnic populations.
Combined Immunotherapy and Targeted Treatment for Primary Alveolar Soft part Sarcoma of the Lung ： Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Su Hui , Yu Chao , Ma Xuezhen , Song Qing Cui
Published: February 2021

Primary acinar soft part sarcoma of the lung is a rare malignancy with unique cellular structure and clinical and genetic characteristics. Most patients have no obvious clinical symptoms, and only a few develop respiratory symptoms. The typical histological characteristics are acinoid or organ-like structure. Immunofluorescence in situ hybridization suggests a rearrangement of the transcription factor E3 gene. Patients with primary acinar soft part sarcoma of the lung respond poorly to chemotherapy and are thus primarily treated with surgery and targeted therapy. We report herein a unique case of primary alveolar soft part sarcoma of the lung. The patient was a 24-year-old man who underwent targeted treatment combined with immunotherapy. Some of the lesions completely disappeared after treatment, indicating significant efficacy. The treatment benefit observed in the current case provides preliminary evidence that targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy maybe a safe and effective modality in patients with primary pulmonary ASPS, thus warranting further investigation.
No add-on effects of Unilateral and Bilateral Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Fine Motor Skill Training Outcome in Chronic Stroke. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taud Benedikt , Lindenberg Robert , Darkow Robert , Wevers Jasmin , Höfflin Dorothee , Grittner Ulrike , Meinzer Marcus , Flöel Agnes
Published: February 2021

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may improve motor recovery after stroke. This study investigated if uni- and bihemispheric tDCS of the motor cortex can enhances fine motor training outcome and transfer to clinical assessments of upper motor function. Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled trial, forty chronic stroke patients underwent five days of fine motor skill training of the paretic hand with either unilateral or bilateral (N=15/group) or placebo tDCS (N=10). Immediate and long-term (three months) effects on training outcome and motor recovery (Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer, UE-FM, Wolf Motor Function Test, WMFT) were investigated. Results: Trained task performance significantly improved independently of tDCS in a curvilinear fashion. Anodal, but not dual tDCS resulted in a steeper learning curve on the UE-FM. Neither training nor combined training-tDCS improved WMFT performance.Conclusions: Fine motor skill training can facilitate recovery of upper extremity function. Minimal add-on effects of tDCS were observed.Clinical Trial Registration-URL: NCT01969097 retrospectively registered on 25/10/2013.
Multiple-soliton and Periodic Solutions to Space-time Fractional Whitham-Broer-Kaup Equations
Authors: Xu Hang , Cui Jifeng
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the space-time fractional Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations are investigated. By means of new fractional scaling transformations, the fractional nonlinear system of different time and space orders is transformed to the integer one. The multiple solitary solutions and periodic solutions are obtained respectively. All those solutions are given exactly by introducing new scaling transformations, which makes our study is unique and different from most existing studies. It is expected that exact solutions for nonlinear wave system of fractional order can be handled in the similar way.
Significant Differences in FcγRIIa, FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIb Genes Polymorphism and Anti-malarial IgG Subclass Pattern are Associated with Severe Malaria in Saudi Children
Authors: Nasr Amre , Aljada Ahmad , Hamid Osama , Elsheikh Hatim A. , Masuadi Emad , Al-Bawab Ahmad , Alenazi Themer H. , Abushouk Amir , Salah Ayman M.
Published: February 2021

Background: The FcyRs genotypes have been reported to play a key role in the defence against malaria parasites through both cellular and humoral immunity. This study aimed to investigate the possible correlation between FcγR (IIa, IIIa, and IIIb) genes polymorphism and the clinical outcome for anti‐malarial antibody response of Plasmodium falciparum infection among Saudi children. Material and methods: A 600 volunteers have been enrolled in this study, including 200 malaria-free control (MFC) subjects, 218 patients with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and 182 patients with severe malaria (SM). The FcγR genotypes was analysed using PCR amplification methods, and measurement of immunoglobulins were determine using ELISA. Results: The data revealed the FcγRIIa-R/R131 showed a statistically association with the increased susceptibility to SM when compared to UM patients. Furthermore, higher levels of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 were associated with the FcγRIIa-H/H131 genotypes among UM patients. Although the FcγRIIa-F/V176 genotype was not associated with UM, it showed a significant association with severe malaria. Interestingly, the FcγRIIa-V/V176 genotype was This study aimed to associated with protection against SM. Moreover, severe malaria patients carrying the FcγRIIa-F/F genotype showed higher levels of AMA-1-specific IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies. The FcγRIIIb NA1/NA1 and FcγRIIIb NA2/NA2 genotypes did not show significant differences between UM and the MFC. However, the genotype FcγRIIIb-NA2/NA2 was statistically associated with severe malaria. Conclusions: The data presented in this study strongly suggest the possible impact of FcyR (IIa, RIIIa and RIIIb) gene variants and anti-malaria IgG subclasses play a role in susceptibility to malaria infection and disease outcomes in Saudi children.
BPIFB1 Inhibits Vasculogenic Mimicry Via Downregulation Of GLUT1-Mediated H3K27 Acetylation In Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Xianjie , Deng Xiangying , Wang Jie , Mo Yongzhen , Shi Lei , Wei Fang , Zhang Shanshan , Gong Zhaojian , He Yi , Xiong Fang , Wang Yumin , Guo Can , Xiang Bo , Zhou Ming , Liao Qianjin , Li Xiaoling , Li Yong , Li Guiyuan , Xiong Wei , Zeng Zhaoyang
Published: February 2021

BackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits significant regional differences and a high incidence in Southeast Asia and southern China. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing-fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) is a relatively specific and highly expressed protein in the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Accumulating evidence indicates that BPIFB1 is substantially downregulated in NPC and low BPIFB1 is associated with NPC patient’s poor prognosis. However, the clear molecular mechanism by which BPIFB1 regulates NPC is not well understood.MethodsThe expression of BPIFB1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and the vasculogenic mimicry was examined by CD31/PAS double staining in NPC clinical samples. The regulation of BPIFB1 on vasculogenic mimicry in vitro and in vivo were performed by tube formation assay and xenograft assay respectively. ECAR was analyzed by Seahorse XF analyzer. 2-NBDG uptake was detected by FACS. Glucose consumption and lactate production were analyzed by Automatic Biochemical Analyzer. Downstream targets of BPIFB1 were validated by western blot, qPCR, Chip-qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assay. Lastly, immunohistochemistry(IHC) was performed to confirm the relationship between BPIFB1 and related genes in NPC clinical samples. ResultsIn this study, we show that BPIFB1 plays an important role in regulating vasculogenic mimicry. Ectopic expression of BPIFB1 significantly inhibits vasculogenic mimicry. Mechanistically, we show that BPIFB1 can inhibits JNK/AP1 signaling which leads to inhibition of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) transcription and glycolysis, consequently, resulting in reducing histone H3K27 acetylation and decreasing the expression of vasculogenic mimicry-related VEGFA, VE-cadherin, and MMP2. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that BPIFB1 has a novel biological function in inhibiting glycolysis and vasculogenic mimicry and highlights that BPIFB1 is a potential target for NPC diagnosis and treatment.
Comparative Proteomics of Schistosoma Japonicum Developed From Different Oncomelania Snails Permissive Areas
Authors: Miao Feng , Wang Yongbin , Yang Kun , Li Wei , Xiong Chunrong , Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Xinyao , Yan Haoyun , Wei Changyin , Yan Ge , Zhao Changlei , Liu Gongzhen , Liu Xin
Published: February 2021

Background: Schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease that is widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries and regions in the worldwide.Methods: We aimed to analyze the proteomic differences between adult S. japonicum worms in Weishan Lake of Shandong province and the Jiangsu Yangtse river. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) assays were used to analyze the differential proteomic profiles between female and male adult worms.Results: A total of 2364 adult S. japonicum proteins were identified, and 1901 proteins were quantified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology. Our results revealed 68 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in female adult worms and 55 DEPs in male adult worms. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis indicated that these DEPs are enriched in cellular composition, molecular function, biological function and catabolism pathways. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Domain and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) analyses indicated that several groups of DEPs were involved in regulating transport, metabolism, signal transduction, energy production and conversion, defense and biosynthesis in adult S. japonicum worms. Our findings indicated that adult S. japonicum worms derived from O. hupensis that were transferred from permissive to nonpermissive areas exhibited moderate changes at the proteomic level. Moreover, snails transferred to the Weishan Lake did not change their schistosomiasis transmission ability and remained pathogenic in mice. In addition, three upregulated proteins (peptidylprolyl isomerase, heat shock protein 90α and receptor expression-enhancing protein (Q5DBJ1)) and three downregulated proteins (histone H3, histone H4 and receptor expression-enhancing protein (C1L9D7)) were found in both female and male adult worms. Conclusions: Proteomic analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between adult S. japonicum worms in Weishan Lake of Shandong province and the Jiangsu Yangtse river. The results of this proteomics analysis of adult worms that hatched in two separate intermediate hosts help to improve our understanding of the growth and developmental mechanisms of S. japonicum in different environments. Under the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) framework, long-term surveillance is needed to prevent the diffusion of O. hupensis and to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.
Cell type classification and discovery across diseases, technologies and tissues reveals conserved gene signatures and enables standardized single-cell readouts
Authors: Savova Virginia , Chamberlain Mathew , Hanamsagar Richa , Nestle Frank , Rinaldis Emanuele de
Published: February 2021

Autoimmune diseases are a major cause of mortality1,2. Current treatments often yield severe insult to host tissue. It is hypothesized that improved therapies will target pathogenic cells selectively and thus reduce or eliminate severe side effects, and potentially induce robust immune tolerance3. However, it remains challenging to systematically identify which cellular phenotypes are present in cellular ensembles. Here, we present a novel machine learning approach, Signac, which uses neural networks trained with flow-sorted gene expression data to classify cellular phenotypes in single cell RNA-sequencing data. We demonstrate that Signac accurately classified single cell RNA-sequencing data across diseases, technologies, species and tissues. Then we applied Signac to identify known and novel immune-relevant candidate drug targets (n = 12) in rheumatoid arthritis. A full release of this workflow can be found at our GitHub repository (https://github.com/mathewchamberlain/Signac).
Additive Interaction Between Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors And Ethnicity In The Han, Tujia and Miao Populations With First-Ever Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhang Na , Wu Xinrui , Tian Mengyuan , Wang Xiaolei , Ding Jian , Tian Yong , Liang Chengcai , Zeng Zhi , Xiang Hua , Tan Hongzhuan
Published: February 2021

Background: As a country with one-fifth of the global population, China has had explosive growth in ischemic stroke burden with significant ethnic and geographic disparities. The aim of this study was to examine the relative risk of potentially modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke among the Han population and two ethnic minorities (Tujia and Miao).Methods: A case-control study was conducted: 324 cases of first-ever IS from the hospitals of the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and 394 controls were surveyed using structured questionnaires from communities covering the same area. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to examine the association between risk factors and ischemic stroke. The additive model was used to study the interaction between the modifiable risk factor and ethnicity in the R software.Results: Higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level(OR 50.54, 95%CI 29.76-85.85), higher monthly family income(4.18, 2.40-7.28), increased frequency of hot pot consumption (2.90, 1.21-6.93), diabetes mellitus (2.62, 1.48-4.62), higher apolipoprotein(Apo)B/ApoA1 ratio(2.60, 1.39-4.85), hypertension(2.52, 1.45-4.40) and moderate-intensity physical activity(0.50, 0.28-0.89) were associated with ischemic stroke. There is an additive interaction between ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and ethnicity in Tujia and Miao populations with first-ever ischemic stroke (the relative excess risk due to interaction was 5.75, 95%CI 0.58~10.92; the attributable proportion due to interaction was 0.65, 95%CI 0.38~0.91; the synergy was 3.66, 95%CI 1.35~9.93). Conclusions: It is the first case-control study examining modifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke among the Han population and two ethnic minorities (Tujia and Miao) in China, some differences were observed in the impact of risk factors among these ethnic groups. Our results may help interpret health-related data, including surveillance and research, when developing strategies for stroke prevention.