bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among women with cardiovascular disease in Norway: A historical cohort study
Authors: Langen Ingrid , Langesæter Eldrid , Gunnes Nina , Almaas Vibeke Marie , Haugen Guttorm , Estensen Mette‐Elise , Sørbye Ingvil Krarup
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Women with cardiovascular disease may be at increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). We aimed to: (1) Investigate the occurrence of HDP in a cohort of pregnant women with cardiovascular disease and compare it with the occurrence in the general population. (2) Assess the association between maternal cardiovascular risk and risk of HDP.

Material and methods

We reviewed clinical data on a cohort of 901 pregnancies among 708 women with cardiovascular disease who were followed at the National Unit for Pregnancy and Heart Disease and gave birth at Oslo University Hospital between 2003 and 2018. The exposure under study was maternal cardiovascular risk, classified as low, moderate, or high based on a modified classification by the World Health Organization. The main outcome of interest was HDP, which included pre‐eclampsia and gestational hypertension. The proportion of HDP cases in the general population in the same period was extracted from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We used logistic regression to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) of HDP, with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for women with moderate‐ and high cardiovascular risk compared to women with low risk.

Results

The occurrence of HDP in the study cohort was 12.1% (95% CI: 10.0%–14.4%) and varied between 8.7% (95% CI: 6.5%–11.3%) in the low‐risk group, 15.7% (95% CI: 11.1%–21.4%) in the moderate‐risk group, and 22.2% (95% CI: 15.1%–30.8%) in the high‐risk group. By contrast, the nationwide occurrence of HDP was 5.1% (95% CI: 5.1%–5.2%). In the study cohort, the proportions of pregnancies with gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia were similar (6.3% and 5.8%, respectively). Compared to pregnancies with low cardiovascular risk, the adjusted OR of HDP was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.21–3.44) in the moderate‐risk group and 2.99 (95% CI: 1.73–5.18) in the high‐risk group.

Conclusions

The occurrence of hypertensive disease of pregnancy in the study cohort was more than doubled compared to the general population in Norway. The risk of HDP increased with maternal cardiovascular risk group. We recommend taking into account maternal cardiovascular risk group when assessing risk and prophylaxis of HDP.
Analysis of prognostic and predictive factors in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration Kuopio cohort
Authors: Heloterä Hanna , Siintamo Leea , Kivinen Niko , Abrahamsson Nicholas , Aaltonen Vesa , Kaarniranta Kai
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The aim of the study was to explore factors affecting the progression of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) and identify predictive factors that can estimate the duration of intravitreal treatments.

Methods

This retrospective real‐world study included 421 nAMD patients treated at the Kuopio University Hospital during years 2007–2021. The collected data included background demographics, treatment history, visual acuity and retinal biomarker analysis. Impact of baseline factors on age at diagnosis, treatment duration, received treatment intensity and visual acuity gains were analysed.

Results

Heavy smoking and high body mass index (BMI) were associated with an earlier onset, while the use of anticoagulation and anti‐aggregation medication were associated with a later onset of nAMD. A low number of injections during the first year of treatment and the presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) at baseline were associated with shorter treatment duration. Interestingly, when IRF only patients were compared to subretinal fluid (SRF) only patients, IRF patients showed higher occurrences of subretinal drusenoid deposits (43.5% vs. 15%, p = 0.04). In addition, when all patients with IRF were compared to SRF only patients, more hyperreflective foci (HRF) and complete RPE and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA; 20.7% vs. 5%, p = 0.02) were observed in patients with IRF.

Conclusions

Our results reveal that heavy smoking and high BMI are accelerating factors for earlier emergence of nAMD, while the presence of IRF results in a fast‐progressing disease. More intriguingly, the link between IRF and appearance of subretinal drusenoid deposits, HRF, and increased retinal atrophy was observed.
ACTN1‐related thrombocytopenia: Homozygosity for an ACTN1 variant results in a more severe phenotype
Authors: Zanchetta Melania Eva , Barozzi Serena , Isidori Federica , Marconi Caterina , Farinasso Loredana , Bottega Roberta , Savoia Anna , Pecci Alessandro , Faleschini Michela
Published: April 2024

ACTN1‐related thrombocytopenia is a rare disorder caused by heterozygous variants in the ACTN1 gene characterized by macrothrombocytopenia and mild bleeding tendency. We describe for the first time two patients affected with ACTN1‐RT caused by a homozygous variant in ACTN1 (c.982G>A) with mild heart valve defects unexplained by any other genetic variants investigated by WES. Within the reported family, the homozygous sisters have moderate thrombocytopenia and marked platelet macrocytosis with giant platelets, revealing a more severe haematological phenotype compared to their heterozygous relatives and highlighting a significant effect of allelic burden on platelet size. Moreover, we hypothesize that some ACTN1 variants, especially when present in the homozygous state, may also contribute to the cardiac abnormalities.
Rethinking ecological niches and geographic distributions in face of pervasive human influence in the Anthropocene
Authors: Feng Xiao , Peterson A. Townsend , Aguirre‐López Luis José , Burger Joseph R. , Chen Xin , Papeş Monica
Published: April 2024

Species are distributed in predictable ways in geographic spaces. The three principal factors that determine geographic distributions of species are biotic interactions (B), abiotic conditions (A), and dispersal ability or mobility (M). A species is expected to be present in areas that are accessible to it and that contain suitable sets of abiotic and biotic conditions for it to persist. A species' probability of presence can be quantified as a combination of responses to B, A, and M via ecological niche modeling (ENM; also frequently referred to as species distribution modeling or SDM). This analytical approach has been used broadly in ecology and biogeography, as well as in conservation planning and decision‐making, but commonly in the context of ‘natural’ settings. However, it is increasingly recognized that human impacts, including changes in climate, land cover, and ecosystem function, greatly influence species' geographic ranges. In this light, historical distinctions between natural and anthropogenic factors have become blurred, and a coupled human–natural landscape is recognized as the new norm. Therefore, B, A, and M (BAM) factors need to be reconsidered to understand and quantify species' distributions in a world with a pervasive signature of human impacts. Here, we present a framework, termed human‐influenced BAM (Hi‐BAM, for distributional ecology that (i) conceptualizes human impacts in the form of six drivers, and (ii) synthesizes previous studies to show how each driver modifies the natural BAM and species' distributions. Given the importance and prevalence of human impacts on species distributions globally, we also discuss implications of this framework for ENM/SDM methods, and explore strategies by which to incorporate increasing human impacts in the methodology. Human impacts are redefining biogeographic patterns; as such, future studies should incorporate signals of human impacts integrally in modeling and forecasting species' distributions.
Does the potential strength of sexual selection differ between mating systems with and without defensive behaviours? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Macedo‐Rego Renato C. , Jennions Michael D. , Santos Eduardo S. A.
Published: April 2024

The Darwin–Bateman paradigm predicts that females enhance their fitness by being choosy and mating with high‐quality males, while males should compete to mate with as many females as possible. In many species, males enhance their fitness by defending females and/or resources used by females. That is, males directly defend access to mating opportunities. However, paternity analyses have repeatedly shown that females in most species mate polyandrously, which contradicts traditional expectations that male defensive behaviours lead to monandry. Here, in an extensive meta‐analysis, encompassing 109 species and 1026 effect sizes from across the animal kingdom, we tested if the occurrence of defensive behaviours modulates sexual selection on females and males. If so, we can illuminate the extent to which males really succeed in defending access to mating and fertilisation opportunities. We used four different indices of the opportunity for sexual selection that comprise pre‐mating and/or post‐mating episodes of selection. We found, for both sexes, that the occurrence of defensive behaviours does not modulate the potential strength of sexual selection. This implies that male defensive behaviours do not predict the true intensity of sexual selection. While the most extreme levels of sexual selection on males are in species with male defensive behaviours, which indicates that males do sometimes succeed in restricting females' re‐mating ability (e.g. elephant seals, Mirounga leonina), estimates of the opportunity for sexual selection vary greatly across species, regardless of whether or not defensive behaviours occur. Indeed, widespread polyandry shows that females are usually not restricted by male defensive behaviours. In addition, our results indicate that post‐mating episodes of selection, such as cryptic female choice and sperm competition, might be important factors modulating the opportunity for sexual selection. We discuss: (i) why male defensive behaviours fail to lower the opportunity for sexual selection among females or fail to elevate it for males; (ii) how post‐mating events might influence sexual selection; and (iii) the role of females as active participants in sexual selection. We also highlight that inadequate data reporting in the literature prevented us from extracting effect sizes from many studies that had presumably collected the relevant data.
GNB1 and obesity: Evidence for a correlation between haploinsufficiency and syndromic obesity
Authors: Kleinendorst Lotte , Abawi Ozair , Vos Niels , van der Valk Eline S. , Maas Saskia M. , Morgan Angela T. , Hildebrand Michael S. , Da Silva Jorge D. , Florijn Ralph J. , Lauffer Peter , Visser Jenny A. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , van den Akker Erica L. T. , van Haelst Mieke M.
Published: April 2024

Most patients with GNB1 encephalopathy have developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, brain anomalies and seizures. Recently, two cases with GNB1 encephalopathy caused by haploinsufficiency have been reported that also show a Prader–Willi‐like phenotype of childhood hypotonia and severe obesity. Here we present three new cases from our expert centre for genetic obesity in which GNB1 truncating and splice variants, probably leading to haploinsufficiency, were identified. They all have obesity, hyperphagia and intellectual deficit. The clinical cases and their weight courses are presented, together with a review of all 68 published cases with GNB1 encephalopathy. Information on weight was not mentioned in most of these articles, so we contacted authors for additional clinical information on weight status and hyperphagia. Of the 42 patients whose weight status we could determine, obesity was present in 8 patients (19%). Obesity is significantly over‐represented in the group with truncating and splicing variants. In this group, we see an obesity prevalence of 75%. Since GNB1 has been linked to several key genes in the hypothalamic leptin‐melanocortin pathway, which regulates satiety and energy expenditure, our data support the potential association between GNB1 haploinsufficiency and genetic obesity. We also suggest GNB1 is a candidate gene for the known obesity phenotype of the 1p36 microdeletion syndrome given this chromosomal region includes the GNB1 gene. Knowledge of an additional obesity phenotype is important for prognosis, early interventions against obesity and awareness when prescribing weight‐inducing medication.
Transanal ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of short‐term outcomes
Authors: Lincango Eddy P. , Dominguez Oscar Hernandez , Prien Christopher , Duraes Leonardo , Jia Xue , Uchino Tarin , Wong Jean , Lipman Jeremy , Liska David , Hull Tracy L. , Valente Michael A. , Steele Scott R. , Holubar Stefan D.
Published: April 2024

Aim

Restorative proctocolectomy with transabdominal ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (abd‐IPAA) has become the standard surgical treatment for medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it requires a technically difficult distal anorectal dissection and anastomosis due to the bony confines of the deep pelvis. To address these challenges, the transanal IPAA approach (ta‐IPAA) was developed. This novel approach may offer increased visibility and range of motion compared with abd‐IPAA, although its postoperative benefits remain unclear. The aim of this work was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare and inform the frequency of postoperative outcomes between ta‐IPAA and abd‐IPAA for patients with UC.

Method

Several databases were searched from inception until May 2022 for studies reporting postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing ta‐IPAA. Reviewers, working independently and in duplicate, evaluated studies for inclusion and graded the risk of bias. Odds ratios (OR), mean differences (MD) and prevalence ratio (PR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐effects models. Sensitivity analysis was performed.

Results

Ten retrospective studies comprising 284 patients with ta‐IPAA were included. Total mesorectal excision was performed in 61.8% of cases and close rectal dissection in 27.9%. There was no difference in the odds of Clavien–Dindo (CD) I–II complications, CD III–IV and anastomotic leak (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.27–3.40; OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.65–2.16; OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.58–3.23; respectively) between ta‐IPAA and abd‐IPAA. The ta‐IPAA pooled CD I–II complication rate was 18% (95% CI 5%–35%) and for CD III–IV 10% (95% CI 5%–17%), and the anastomotic leak rate was 6% (95% CI 2%–10%). There were no deaths reported.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis compared the novel ta‐IPAA procedure with abd‐IPAA and found no difference in postoperative outcomes. While the need for randomized controlled trails and comparison of functional outcomes between both approaches remains, this evidence should assist colorectal surgeons to decide if ta‐IPAA is a viable alternative.
1086. Bulbophyllum infundibuliforme J.J. Sm. subsp. infundibuliforme: Orchidaceae
Authors: Schuiteman André , Lambkin Deborah
Published: April 2024

An orchid from New Guinea and the Moluccas, Bulbophyllum infundibuliforme J.J. Sm. subsp. infundibuliforme is illustrated. Its taxonomy and ecology are discussed; B. infundibuliforme subsp. hymenobracteum (Schltr.) De Witte & J.J.Verm. is included for comparison.
Effectiveness of web‐based personalised feedback interventions for reducing alcohol consumption among university students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pueyo‐Garrigues María , Carver Hannah , Parr Amy , Lavilla‐Gracia María , Alfaro‐Díaz Cristina , Esandi‐Larramendi Nuria , Canga‐Armayor Navidad
Published: April 2024

Issues

Meta‐analysis was conducted to examine standalone web‐based personalised feedback interventions (PFI) delivered in non‐structured settings for reducing university students' alcohol consumption. Subgroup analyses by gender‐focus, type‐of‐content and accessibility were conducted. Characteristics of the sample, the intervention and study quality were examined as moderators.

Approach

Ten databases were searched from 2000 to 2023. Eligible articles involved only randomised controlled trials. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted to calculate the effect size on weekly alcohol consumption comparing web‐PFIs and non‐active controls. Meta‐regressions were applied to explore effect moderators.

Key Findings

Thirty‐one studies were included in the narrative synthesis, 25 of which were meta‐analysed. Results found significant effect size differences on weekly alcohol consumption in favour of the intervention group in the short‐ (SMD = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06, 0.15) and long‐term period (SMD = 0.09, 95% CI 0.02, 0.15). Subgroup analyses identified that interventions which were gender‐specific, multicomponent and had unlimited access had higher and significant effect sizes, although they were very similar with respect to comparative groups. Moderator analyses showed that times feedback was accessed significantly contributed to the effectiveness of the intervention. Effects diminished over time, although they remained significant.

Implications

The meta‐analysis evidences the effectiveness of web‐PFI for addressing university students' alcohol use, decreasing by 1.65 and 1.54 drinks consumed per week in the short‐ and long‐term, respectively.

Conclusions

The results offer empirical evidence that supports the significant, although small, effect of web‐PFI delivered remotely in universities. Future research should focus on increasing their impact by introducing booster sessions and content components based on students' preferences.
When is a word in good company for learning?
Authors: Unger Layla , Chang Tyler , Savic Olivera , Bergen Benjamin K. , Sloutsky Vladimir M.
Published: April 2024

Although identifying the referents of single words is often cited as a key challenge for getting word learning off the ground, it overlooks the fact that young learners consistently encounter words in the context of other words. How does this company help or hinder word learning? Prior investigations into early word learning from children's real‐world language input have yielded conflicting results, with some influential findings suggesting an advantage for words that keep a diverse company of other words, and others suggesting the opposite. Here, we sought to triangulate the source of this conflict, comparing different measures of diversity and approaches to controlling for correlated effects of word frequency across multiple languages. The results were striking: while different diversity measures on their own yielded conflicting results, once nonlinear relationships with word frequency were controlled, we found convergent evidence that contextual consistency supports early word learning.

Research Highlights

The words children learn occur in a sea of other words. The company words keep ranges from highly variable to highly consistent and circumscribed.

Prior findings conflict over whether variability versus consistency helps early word learning.

Accounting for correlated effects of word frequency resolved the conflict across multiple languages.

Results reveal convergent evidence that consistency helps early word learning.
Single versus dual antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous left atrial appendage closure—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Continisio Saverio , Montonati Carolina , Angelini Filippo , Bocchino Pier Paolo , Carbonaro Carla , Giacobbe Federico , Dusi Veronica , De Filippo Ovidio , Ielasi Alfonso , Giannino Giuseppe , Boldi Emiliano , Fabris Tommaso , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Tarantini Giuseppe
Published: April 2024

Background

In the last few years, percutaneous LAA occlusion (LAAO) has become a plausible alternative in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with contraindications to anticoagulation therapy. Nevertheless, the optimal antiplatelet strategy following percutaneous LAAO remains to be defined.

Methods

Studies comparing single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) versus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following LAAO were systematically searched and screened. The outcomes of interest were ischemic stroke, device‐related thrombus (DRT) and major bleeding. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was performed comparing outcomes in both groups. The moderator effect of baseline characteristics on outcomes was evaluated by univariate meta‐regression analyses.

Results

Sixteen observational studies with 3255 patients treated with antiplatelet therapy (SAPT, n = 1033; DAPT, n = 2222) after LAAO were included. Mean age was 74.5 ± 8.3 years, mean CHA2DS2‐VASc and HAS‐BLED scores were 4.3 ± 1.5 and 3.2 ± 1.0, respectively. At a weighted mean follow‐up of 12.7 months, the occurrence of stroke (RR 1.33; 95% CI 0.64–2.77; p =.44), DRT (RR 1.52; 95% CI 0.90–2.58; p =.12), and the composite of stroke and DRT (RR 1.26; 95% CI 0.67–2.37; p =.47) did not differ significantly between SAPT and DAPT groups. The rate of major bleedings was also not different between groups (RR 1.41; 95% CI 0.64–3.12; p =.39).

Conclusions

Among AF patients at high bleeding risk undergoing percutaneous LAAO, a post‐procedural minimalistic antiplatelet strategy with SAPT did not significantly differ from DAPT regimens regarding the rate of stroke, DRT and major bleeding.
Editor Profile: Andrey Abramov
Authors:   The FEBS Journal Editorial Team, Abramov Andrey Y.
Published: April 2024

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Professor Andrey Abramov is a cell biologist and biophysicist at University College London's Queen Square Institute of Neurology. He has served as an Editorial Board Member of The FEBS Journal since 2015.
Modified Mohr–Coulomb criterion for nonlinear strength characteristics of rocks
Authors: Xie Shijie , Lin Hang , Chen Yifan , Ma Tianxing
Published: April 2024

The classical Mohr–Coulomb criterion has an extremely wide range of applications in the field of engineering geology, while it cannot accurately characterize rock failure under high confining stresses. Therefore, a nonlinear modification is implemented based on the Mohr–Coulomb criterion for achieving wider usage in all stress environments. The cohesion and internal friction angle are firstly calculated by regression based on the triaxial experiments of diorite and other typical rocks in different confining stress ranges, and the variation modes of cohesion and internal friction angle are then formalized and integrated into the classical Mohr–Coulomb criterion. Using the experimental results of 435 triaxial compression tests in existing publications, the predictions of the modified criterion are compared with those of the previous nonlinear criteria, which show that the predicted values of the modified criterion are in good agreement with the measured strength. Compared with the previous nonlinear criteria, the modified criterion has a wider application range and always maintains a higher accuracy.
Crystal plasticity modeling fatigue behavior in bimodal Ti–6Al–4V: Effects of microdefect and lamellar orientation
Authors: Zhao Yindun , Tang Keke , Ferro Paolo , Berto Filippo
Published: April 2024

Investigating fatigue failure in titanium alloys is crucial for material design and engineering. Fatigue behavior in dual‐phase titanium alloys is strongly correlated with microstructural features and microdefects. This work formulates an improved modeling method to investigate fatigue behavior of bimodal Ti–6Al–4V, emphasizing the effects of lamellar orientation and microdefects. Using an improved Voronoi tessellation method, we establish representative volume element (RVE) models with various grain size distributions. Crystal plasticity finite element modeling (CPFEM) is used to analyze fatigue deformation in bimodal Ti–6Al–4V, considering microdefects and lamellar orientation. Fatigue indicator parameters are then incorporated into CPFEM to predict fatigue life and verified with experimental data. Numerical results highlight the significant influence of lamellar orientation and microdefects on fatigue behavior, with predicted life within the 3‐error band. This method efficiently overcomes challenges in quantitatively characterizing microstructural lamellae that experiments are short of, paving the way for designing fatigue‐resistant alloy materials with similar microstructures.
A cohesive model for the rupture of concrete by low‐cycle fatigue
Authors: Lima Gedyson , Bittencourt Eduardo
Published: April 2024

In this work, a finite element cohesive fatigue model for concrete is proposed. A procedure to simulate monotonic rupture is included. Damage is calculated as a function of accumulated crack openings and the current traction on the cohesive zone. Only mode I fracture is considered. Concretes with different strengths and specimens with different sizes are considered. Size dependency was introduced in the model through the cohesive strength and the corresponding cohesive length. Other monotonic and cyclic properties are considered constant or dependent on the material strength. An excellent fit with experiments is obtained. Methodology is able to capture an embrittlement of the fatigue process with increase in size. In this case, crack (or process zone) becomes unstable for shorter sizes and a more abrupt change to unstable growth is observed. Predictive capabilities of the model are observed considering S‐N curves. A good match was observed in the low‐cycle fatigue range.
Fatigue, fear of being mobilized and residual limb pain limit independent basic mobility and physiotherapy for patients early after major dysvascular lower extremity amputation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Berger Anja Løve , Nielsen Annie Østergaard , Stie Sanne Busk , Kristensen Morten Tange
Published: April 2024

Aim

Early mobilization of patients with a major lower extremity amputation (LEA) is often a challenge because of lack of compliance. Therefore, we investigated factors limiting independent mobility and physiotherapy on the first day with physiotherapy (PTDay1) and the following 2 days after LEA.

Methods

A total of 60 consecutive patients, mean age 73.7 years (SD 12.1 years), undergoing LEA were included over a period of 7 months. The Basic Amputee Mobility Score was used to assess basic mobility. Predefined limitations for not achieving independent mobility or not completing physiotherapy were residual limb pain, pain elsewhere, fear of being mobilized, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, acute cognitive dysfunction or “other” factors reported on PTDay1 and the following 2 days after LEA.

Results

Fatigue and fear of being mobilized were the most frequent limitations for not achieving independent mobility on PTDay1 and the following 2 days after LEA. Patients (n = 55) who were not independent in the Basic Amputee Mobility Score activity transferring from bed to chair on PTDay1 were limited by fatigue (44%) and fear of being mobilized (33%). A total of 21 patients did not complete planned physiotherapy on PTDay1, and were limited by fatigue (38%), residual limb pain (24%) and “other” factors (24%).

Conclusion

Fatigue and fear of being mobilized were the most frequent factors that limited independent mobility early after LEA. Fatigue, residual limb pain and “other” factors limited completion of physiotherapy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 470–476.
A theological reading of the ‘welcome’ offered by God and Christ in Romans 14–15 using the Septuagint
Authors: Wright Oliver TI
Published: April 2024

This article proposes a theological emphasis to the definition of προσλαμβάνω in Romans 14–15. Previous accounts have emphasised the domestic and social implication of Paul's imperative—‘welcome one another’ (Rom. 15:7a). The result has been that what Paul might have meant by God's and Christ's ‘welcome’ (Rom. 14:3 and 15:7b) has been governed by the ethical imperative. In order to investigate the ‘welcome’ of God and Christ, this article proposes a context of three important Septuagintal antecedents as yet unconsidered: 1 Samuel 12, Psalm 18, and Psalm 65: In this context, God's and Christ's ‘welcome’ in Rom. 14–15 incorporates notions of justification, election, salvation, and unified worship. A theological reading of προσλαμβάνω, using these intertextual resources, therefore provides a stronger position from which to understand Paul's imperative—‘welcome one another’.
Homotherapy for heteropathy: Interleukin‐41 and its biological functions
Authors: Shi Runfeng , He Meixin , Peng Yongzheng , Xia Xu
Published: April 2024

Interleukin‐41 (IL‐41) is a newly discovered cytokine, named Cometin, Subfatin, meteorin‐like transcription (Metrnl), and so forth. It is widely expressed in animals and can exert its biological roles through autocrine and paracrine forms. It has functions such as anti‐inflammatory, improving body metabolism, regulating immunity, regulating fat metabolism and participates in the process of autoimmune disease or inflammatory injury. It plays an important role in psoriasis, diabetes, Crohn's disease (CD), osteoarthritis, Kawasaki disease (KD), Graves' disease, autoimmune hepatitis, infertility, obesity, sepsis, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. This paper reviews the biological functions of IL‐41, the relationship between IL‐41 and diseases, the effects of IL‐41 in the cytokine network and the possible signalling pathways. In order to explore the same target or the same drug for the treatment of different diseases from the perspective of homotherapy for heteropathy, cytokine strategies based on IL‐41 have been put forward for the precise treatment of immune diseases and inflammatory diseases. It is worth noting that IL‐41 related preparations for lung protection and smoking cessation are interesting research fields.
Ultrafast discharge properties and enhanced energy density in lead‐free NaNbO3‐based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Yuan Liran , Fu Shuai , Hao Hua , Meng Xiangyu , Cao Minghe , Yao Zhonghua , Liu Hanxin
Published: April 2024

NaNbO3‐based (NN) energy storage ceramics are known for exhibiting high maximum polarization (Pmax) and large recoverable energy density (Wrec). However, the huge energy loss density (Wloss) has been a limiting factor in improving energy storage performance. Therefore, a ternary system was designed to achieve both huge Wrec and efficiency (η). The combination of 0.35Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3–0.65BaTiO3 (BZTBT) was chosen to reduce grain size and disrupt the long‐range ordered domains, thereby inducing the polar‐nano‐regions to mitigate Wloss. The optimal performance was achieved with the 0.75NaNbO3–0.25(0.35Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3–0.65BaTiO3) (0.75NN–0.25BZTBT) ceramic, which exhibited a high Wrec = 2.68 J/cm3 and superior η = 82.7% under 310 kV/cm. Remarkably, the 0.75NN–0.25BZTBT ceramic displayed an exceptionally fast discharge time to 90%, t0.9 = 88 ns, coupled with a huge energy density Wd = 0.95 J/cm3. This study demonstrates the significant potential of 0.75NN–0.25BZTBT ceramic in the realm of energy storage and rapid charge–discharge applications.
Dermatological manifestations in Costello syndrome: A prospective multicentric study of 31 HRAS‐positive variant patients
Authors: Bessis Didier , Bursztejn Anne‐Claire , Morice‐Picard Fanny , Capri Yline , Barbarot Sébastien , Aubert Hélène , Bodet Damien , Bourrat Emmanuelle , Chiaverini Christine , Poujade Laura , Willems Marjolaine , Rouanet Jacques , Dompmartin‐Blanchère Anne , Geneviève David , Gerard Marion , Ginglinger Emmanuelle , Hadj‐Rabia Smaïl , Martin Ludovic , Mazereeuw‐Hautier Juliette , Bibas Nathalie , Molinari Nicolas , Herman Fanchon , Phan Alice , Rod Julien , Roger Hugues , Sigaudy Sabine , Ziegler Alban , Vial Yoann , Verloes Alain , Cavé Hélène , Lacombe Didier
Published: April 2024

Background

Data on dermatological manifestations of Costello syndrome (CS) remain heterogeneous and lack in validated description.

Objectives

To describe the dermatological manifestations of CS; compare them with the literature findings; assess those discriminating CS from other RASopathies, including cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS) and the main types of Noonan syndrome (NS); and test for dermatological phenotype–genotype correlations.

Methods

We performed a 10‐year, large, prospective, multicentric, collaborative dermatological and genetic study.

Results

Thirty‐one patients were enrolled. Hair abnormalities were ubiquitous, including wavy or curly hair and excessive eyebrows, respectively in 68% and 56%. Acral excessive skin (AES), papillomas and keratotic papules (PKP), acanthosis nigricans (AN), palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPHK) and ‘cobblestone’ papillomatous papules of the upper lip (CPPUL), were noted respectively in 84%, 61%, 65%, 55% and 32%. Excessive eyebrows, PKP, AN, CCPUL and AES best differentiated CS from CFCS and NS. Multiple melanocytic naevi (>50) may constitute a new marker of attenuated CS associated with intragenic duplication in HRAS. Oral acitretin may be highly beneficial for therapeutic management of PPHK. No significant dermatological phenotype–genotype correlation was determined between patients with and without HRAS c.34G>A (p.G12S).

Conclusions and Relevance

This validated phenotypic characterization of a large number of patients with CS will allow future researchers to make a positive diagnosis, and to differentiate CS from CFCS and NS.
Discrepancies in hidradenitis suppurativa lesion characterization by providers and patients
Authors: Greenlund Lindsey , Herzog Claire , Wendland Zachary , Rypka Katelyn , Frew John W. , Kirby Joslyn S. , Alavi Afsaneh , Khalid Bisma , Lowes Michelle A. , Garg Amit , Marzano Angelo V. , Zouboulis Christos C. , Tzellos Thrasyvoulos , Jaleel Tarannum , Goldfarb Noah
Published: April 2024

Background

The hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) clinical response (HiSCR) has come under scrutiny as several HS clinical trials failed to meet primary endpoints with high placebo responses. This may be due to limitations of the tool and raters' ability to accurately characterize and count lesions, rather than lack of efficacy of the studied drug. Due to HS lesion complexity and potential differences in rater training, it was hypothesized that there would be discrepancies in how providers characterize and count lesions for HS clinical trials.

Objective

To evaluate how HS providers and patients name and count HS lesions and to identify discrepancies among providers to initiate the development of consensus‐driven guidance for HS rater training.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to the members of HIdradenitis SuppuraTiva cORe outcomes set International Collaboration (HISTORIC). Respondents were asked to classify lesion images composed of multiple and different morphology types and answer questions regarding inclusion of associated dermatological conditions.

Results

Forty‐seven HISTORIC members responded (29 providers; 18 patients). There was variability in how respondents classified HS lesions. Of 12 questions containing images, four had ≥50% of respondents choosing the same answer. With an image of a lesion composed of different morphologies, 45% of providers counted it as a single lesion and 45% counted it as multiple distinct lesions. With an image of multiple interconnected draining tunnels, 7% of providers classified it as a single draining tunnel while 79% categorized it as multiple draining tunnels with the number estimated by visual inspection. There was also variability in deciding whether lesions occurring in associated conditions should be considered separately or included in HS lesion counts. Patient responses were also variable.

Conclusions

The result of the current study reaffirms the gap in how providers characterize and count HS lesions for clinical trials and the need to develop consensus‐driven rater training related to HS outcome measures.
The combined exposure of polystyrene microplastics and high‐fat feeding affects the intestinal pathology damage and microbiome in zebrafish
Authors: Huang Peng , Hu Yanqiu , Zhang Xiankai , Zhou Jingyi , Xiao Han , Du Juan
Published: April 2024

The pervasive utilization of plastics and their integration into ecosystems has resulted in significant environmental issues, particularly the pollution of microplastics (MPs). In aquaculture, high‐fat feed (HFD) is frequently employed to enhance the energy intake and economic fish production. This study utilized zebrafish as a model organism to investigate the impact of concurrent exposure to HFD and MPs on fish intestinal pathology damage and intestinal microbiome. The experimental design involved the division of zebrafish into two groups: one receiving a normal diet (ND) and the other receiving HFD. The zebrafish were exposed to a control group, as well as polystyrene (PS) MPs of varying sizes (5 and 50 μm). Histopathological examination revealed that the combination of 5 μm MPs and HFD resulted in the most significant damage to the zebrafish intestinal tract. Furthermore, gut microbiome assays indicated that exposure to MPs and HFD altered the composition of the gut microbiome. This study demonstrates that in aquaculture, the issue of HFD must be considered alongside concerns about MPs contamination, as both factors appear to have a combined effect on the intestinal pathology damage and intestinal microbiome. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for the improvement of fish farming practices.
Recruitment dynamics of juvenile salmonids: Comparisons among populations and with classic case studies
Authors: Matte Jean‐Michel O. , Fraser Dylan J. , Grant James W. A.
Published: April 2024

Understanding recruitment, the process by which individuals are added to a population or to a fishery, is critical for understanding population dynamics and facilitating sustainable fisheries management. Important variation in recruitment dynamics is observed among populations, wherein some populations exhibit asymptotic productivity and others exhibit overcompensation (i.e., compensatory density‐dependence in recruitment). Our ability to understand this interpopulation variability in recruitment patterns is limited by a poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms, such as the complex interactions between density dependence, recruitment, and environment. Furthermore, most studies on recruitment are conducted using an observational design with long time series that are seldom replicated across populations in an experimentally controlled fashion. Without proper replication, extrapolations between populations are tenuous, and the underlying environmental trends are challenging to quantify. To address these issues, we conducted a field experiment manipulating stocking densities of juvenile brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in three wild populations to show that these neighboring populations—which exhibit divergent patterns of density dependence due to environmental conditions—also have important differences in recruitment dynamics. Testing against four stock‐recruitment models (density independent, linear, Beverton‐Holt, and Ricker), populations exhibited ~twofold variation in asymptotic productivity, with no overcompensation following a Beverton‐Holt model. Although environmental variables (e.g., temperature, pH, depth, substrate) correlated with population differences in recruitment, they did not improve the predictive power in individual populations. Comparing our patterns of recruitment with classic salmonid case studies revealed that despite differences in the shape and parameters of the curves (i.e., Ricker vs. Beverton‐Holt), a maximum stocking density of about five YOY fish/m2 emerged. Higher densities resulted in very marginal increases in recruitment (Beverton‐Holt) or reduced recruitment due to overcompensation (Ricker).
Using interoperable nursing care data to improve outcomes for multiple traumas patients with Impaired Physical Mobility
Authors: Camilo Ferreira Raisa , Dunn‐Lopez Karen , Moorhead Sue , Zuchatti Bruna Valentina , Pereira Paula Cristina , M Duran Erika Christianne
Published: April 2024

Aim(s)

To demonstrate how interoperable nursing care data can be used by nurses to create a more holistic understanding of the healthcare needs of multiple traumas patients with Impaired Physical Mobility. By proposing and validating linkages for the nursing diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility in multiple trauma patients by mapping to the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) equivalent terms using free‐text nursing documentation.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional design, combining quantitative analysis of interoperable data sets and the Kappa's coefficient score with qualitative insights from cross‐mapping methodology and nursing professionals' consensus.

Methods

Cross‐mapping methodology was conducted in a Brazilian Level 1 Trauma Center using de‐identified records of adult patients with a confirmed medical diagnosis of multiple traumas and Impaired Physical Mobility (a nursing diagnosis). The hospital nursing free‐text records were mapped to NANDA‐I, NIC, NOC and NNN linkages were identified. The data records were retrieved for admissions from September to October 2020 and involved medical and nursing records. Three expert nurses evaluated the cross‐mapping and linkage results using a 4‐point Likert‐type scale and Kappa's coefficient.

Results

The de‐identified records of 44 patients were evaluated and then were mapped to three NOCs related to nurses care planning: (0001) Endurance; (0204) Immobility Consequences: Physiological, and (0208) Mobility and 13 interventions and 32 interrelated activities: (6486) Environmental Management: Safety; (0840) Positioning; (3200) Aspiration Precautions; (1400) Pain Management; (0940) Traction/Immobilization Care; (3540) Pressure Ulcer Prevention; (3584) Skincare: Topical Treatment; (1100) Nutrition Management; (3660) Wound Care; (1804) Self‐Care Assistance: Toileting; (1801) Self‐Care Assistance: Bathing/Hygiene; (4130) Fluid Monitoring; and (4200) Intravenous Therapy. The final version of the constructed NNN Linkages identified 37 NOCs and 41 NICs.

Conclusion

These valid NNN linkages for patients with multiple traumas can serve as a valuable resource that enables nurses, who face multiple time constraints, to make informed decisions efficiently. This approach of using evidence‐based linkages like the one developed in this research holds high potential for improving patient's safety and outcomes.

No Patient or Public Contribution

In this study, there was no direct involvement of patients, service users, caregivers or public members in the design, conduct, analysis and interpretation of data or preparation of the manuscript. The study focused solely on analysing existing de‐identified medical and nursing records to propose and validate linkages for nursing diagnoses.
Reducing unwarranted chest x‐rays in bronchiolitis: Importance of a robust analysis
Authors: Lawrence Joanna , Hiscock Harriet , Voskoboynik Alice , Walpola Ramesh , Sharma Anurag
Published: April 2024

Aim

Bronchiolitis is the commonest reason for hospitalisation amongst infants and is often a target for low‐value care (LVC) reduction. We aimed to assess the impact of a multifaceted intervention (clinician education, parent engagement, audit‐feedback) on rates of chest x‐rays (CXR) in bronchiolitis.

Methods

Longitudinal study of CXRs ordered in infants (1–12 months) diagnosed with bronchiolitis in the Emergency Department (ED) of an Australian paediatric hospital between May 2016 and February 2023. We used logistic regression to measure the impact of the intervention on unwarranted CXR orders, controlling for other potential impacting variables such as time, patient characteristics (age/sex), clinical variables (fever, hypoxia, tachypnoea), seasonal factors (month, day of the week, business hours) and time passed since intervention.

Results

Ten thousand one hundred and nine infants were diagnosed with bronchiolitis in the ED over the study period, with 939 (9.3%) receiving a CXR, of which 69% (n = 651) were considered unwarranted. Rates of unwarranted CXRs reduced from 7.9% to 5.4% post‐intervention (P < 0.0001). Logistic regression showed the intervention had no significant effect (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.65–1.23) once other variables and underlying time‐based trends were accounted for.

Conclusions

Although pre‐post rates appeared significantly improved, a robust analysis demonstrated that our multi‐faceted intervention was not effective in reducing CXRs in bronchiolitis. The decision to order CXR was associated with clinical features that overlap with pneumonia suggesting ongoing misconceptions regarding the role of CXR for this indication. Our study highlights the value of large electronic medical record datasets and robust methodology to avoid falsely attributing underlying trends to the LVC intervention.
The impact of incorporating dried cafeteria leftover food on growing APRI rabbits productivity, profitability and meat quality
Authors: Hassanein Hanan A. M. , Morsy Shama H. , Phillip Youssef L. , Abdelmagid Marwa A. , Komonna Osama F. , Mohamed Rehab A. , Fouda Doaa A. S. , Hegazy Nahed M. , Hussein Ahmed M. , Radwan Mohamed A.
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dried cafeteria leftover food (DCLF) incorporation in growing APRI rabbit diets on nutrient digestibility, live body weight, body weight gain, carcass traits, meat quality, blood parameters, and economic efficiency. Thirty‐six APRI rabbits (6 weeks of age), after weaning, were randomly divided into three groups (12 rabbits/group, 613 ± 5 g). During the experiment, rabbits aged 6–14 weeks participated in the experiment. An approximate isocaloric and isonitrogenous composition was achieved in three pelleted experimental diets. For the rabbit groups D1 (as the control), D2, and D3, DCLF was added at doses of 0%, 17.5%, and 35%, respectively. Digestibility trails were carried out at the end of the feeding experiment to evaluate the nutritional and feeding values of the experimental diets. To examine the characteristics of the carcasses, the quality of the meat, the histopathological analysis, and the blood plasma parameters, three rabbits were slaughtered from each group. The results showed that the feeding values (TDN and DE), which had the greatest values, as well as the digesting coefficients for dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, and ether extract between the D1 and D3 groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the curde protein, nitrogen‐free extract, and digestible crude protein of the examined diets showed no signifcant differences compared with the control diet. The level of DCLF incorporation in diets significantly (p < 0.05) increased the live body weight at 14 weeks; with D3 recording the highest values (2130.9 g) when compared to the D1 and D2 groups. A similar pattern was observed for both daily increase and total body gain (6–14 weeks). Feed conversion recorded insignificant differences among the experimental diets respecting the period 6–14 weeks of age. DCLF levels had a significant effect on dressing and giblet percentages. The chemical composition and color parameters of rabbit meat were similar (p > 0.05), except for fat%, which had the highest value in the D3 group (p < 0.05) compared to the D1 and D2 groups. Economic efficiency was improved by using DLCF up to 35% in terms of gross margin and feed cost/kg gain. In conclusion, using DCLF in the feeding system of rabbits could enhance productive performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and physiological function, as well as improve economic efficiency.
A new approach for vertical bone augmentation: Reconstructing bony peaks before GBR with a customized titanium mesh
Authors: Yu Xinbo , Wang Haowei , Wang Feng , Wu Yiqun
Published: April 2024

This image article presents a single patient receiving a reconstructed fibular bony peak (BP) for guided bone regeneration (GBR) with a customized titanium mesh. The patient was informed and understood the objectives and signed a written informed consent document before surgery.