bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topological optimization methods in the design of metal structures of buildings
Authors: Fedchikov Valeriy
Published: June 2024

This paper discusses the use of topological optimization methods as an intermediate step in the design of metal building frames in the development of the geometry of volume structures, dimensions and thicknesses of individual elements and groups of elements. On the basis of open data the analysis of various methods of topological optimization used in different software calculation complexes was carried out, the problems of using topological optimization in the construction industry were described. On the example of the metal frame of the main building of the TPP, the results of the generated frame models were analyzed, the most suitable for reproduction variant was selected, and then, using classical design methods, a calculation model was built on the basis of the obtained variant of the frame. As a result of the analysis of the calculations performed, empirical dependences of the frame mass. The identified problems of such an approach to design were described, possible options for solving the identified problems, as well as possible algorithms for carrying out design activities. The design approaches shown in this paper can be used for practical purposes, as a justification for making appropriate design and organizational decisions.
Non-destructive methods of inspection control for cultural heritage objects
Authors: Barabanova Tatiana
Published: June 2024

The survey of buildings of historical and cultural heritage by non-destructive methods includes the use of various technologies, such as ultrasonic flaw detection, radiographic control, thermal imaging examination, georadar sounding and others. These methods allow us to obtain information about the condition of structures without violating their integrity, which is especially important for objects of historical and cultural heritage. The presented study presents the main problems that arise when conducting a survey of buildings by non-destructive methods, negative factors affecting the timing and quality of work. The consequences are a slowdown in the pace of inspection and commissioning of the building, damage to networks, communications, third-party building structures, additional material costs. Possible ways of solving problems arising during the inspection of buildings by non-destructive methods are also presented.
Overview on research on the strength and behavior of cold-formed steel members with perforations
Authors: Vu Quoc Anh , Pham Ngoc Hieu , Thinh Van Thanh , Nguyen Ngoc Thang
Published: June 2024

The paper presents an overview on research of the influence of perforations on the behavior and capacities of cold-formed steel members, with the most common channel sections. The key findings have been incorporated into American Specification with the development of the Direct Strength Method in design. The paper also introduces the application of the Direct Strength Method in previous studies on the impact of perforations on capacities of cold-formed steel channel members. The overview presented in this paper helps researchers to identify gaps for further investigation. Additionally, the obtained investigated results provide designers in better understanding the effects of perforations on the capacities of cold-formed steel channel members. It was found that there is a reduction in sectional capacities of channel sections with an increase in hole dimensions. Also, reduced hole heights and extended hole lengths are proposed to get optimal section capacities while maintaining the unchanged web hole area in general.
Cross section measurement of 144Sm(p, γ) reaction for astrophysical p-process study using Activation technique
Authors: Bar Tanmoy , Basak Dipali , Sahoo Lalit Kumar , Saha Sukhendu , Datta Jagannath , Dasgupta Sandipan , Basu Chinmay
Published: June 2024

The cross section measurement of 144Sm (p, γ) 145Eu has been carried out around proton energies 2.6–6.8 MeV using the activation technique. Measured cross sections are compared with the previous measurement and theoretical predictions using TALYS 1.96. The molecular deposition method was used to prepare the enriched 144Sm targets of thickness 100–350 μg/cm2 on Al backing.
Structure effects of 20N in elemental abundance estimations during explosive nucleosynthesis
Authors: Barman Jinti , Chatterjee Rajdeep
Published: June 2024

Most nuclei far from the valley of stability, and typically near the drip lines, exhibit exotic features that have challenged our current understanding of nuclear structure. The question we pose concerns the effect of these exotic nuclei on stellar reaction rates and nucleosynthesis. Consequently, this may significantly affect the pattern of astrophysical abundances relevant to r-process nucleosynthesis by a considerable margin. We show the effect of improved calculations for nuclear structure, especially of possible bubble structure in 20N on abundances in explosive nucleosynthesis.
Breakup reactions from 7Be + 12C at 5 MeV/u
Authors: Mitra R. , Gupta D. , Maity S. , Samanta S. , Kundalia K. , Ali Sk M. , Saha Swapan K. , Tengblad O. , Perea A. , Martel I. , Cederkall J.
Published: June 2024

The measurement of the breakup of the radioactive nucleus 7Be on 12C at 5 MeV/u is reported for the first time. Significant coincidence counts of α and 3He from 7Be breakup have been identified. Analysis is ongoing to identify the breakup events from a direct or sequential process.
Chemical Synthesis of a Disaccharide from Vibrio vulnificus Biotype 2 Serovar A O-Antigen Containing a Rare l-GalpNAmA
Authors: Qin Chunjun , Zhu Shengyong , Hu Jing , You Qingjun , Tian Guangzong , Zou Xiaopeng , Yin Jian
Published: June 2024

The bacterium Vibrio vulnificus can cause severe infections internally and externally. The mortality rate of V. vulnificus-associated gangrene and septicemia has increased due to antibiotic resistance and the absence of human vaccine. Bacterial carbohydrates have been widely used in the development of bacterial vaccines. Here, a rare l-GalpNAmA-containing disaccharide that exists in V. vulnificus biotype 2 serovar A O-antigen was synthesized from d-glucose and l-galactose. An investigation on the influence of different linkers on the disaccharide synthetic efficiency indicated that the amine linker has more practicality. Two α-glycosidic linkages were constructed with good stereoselectivity by using nonparticipating C2 azido group and solvent effect. An orthogonal protection strategy allowed introductions of carboxyl and acetamidino (Am) groups at the disaccharide stage. The synthesis of the amine-linked disaccharide will provide a basis for the preparation of the trisaccharide repeating unit and longer fragments of V. vulnificus biotype 2 serovar A O-antigen, as well as other complex glycans.
Recent Hepatocellular Carcinoma Managements in Korea: Focus on the Updated Guidelines in 2022
Authors: Cho Yuri , Kim Bo Hyun , Lim Young-Suk
Published: June 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a significant contributor to mortality globally, notably in countries like Korea. In an endeavor to offer pertinent guidance for the clinical management of HCC patients, the Korean Liver Cancer Association and National Cancer Center (KLCA-NCC) Korea Practice Guideline Revision Committee recently updated the practice guidelines for HCC management. Nonetheless, disparities exist between these guidelines and the practical aspects of clinical care due to various factors. This review aims to delineate key recommendations from the 2022 iteration of the practice guidelines and present the real-world clinical landscape in Korea. Additionally, a discourse on the necessary initiatives to narrow down the divide between practice guidelines and actual clinical implementation will be provided.
Tratamiento de consolidaciones viciosas de fracturas intraarticulares de falanges mediante osteotomías extraarticulares y osteosíntesis con tornillos endomedulares
Authors: Zabalo Maria Larrea , Claramunt Angel Ferreres , Perez Abad Miguel Eugenio
Published: June 2024

Las consolidaciones viciosas de fracturas intraarticulares de falanges provocan deformidades que limitan funcionalmente y son mal toleradas. Por otra parte, su tratamiento mediante osteotomías intraarticulares está asociado a la aparición de complicaciones, principalmente la rigidez. Este artículo presenta dos casos de consolidaciones viciosas intraarticulares tratadas mediante una osteotomía extraarticular y síntesis por un método poco invasivo, el tornillo endomedular. Tras dicho procedimiento, los pacientes presentaron un rango de movimiento completo y una vuelta a sus actividades sin dolor en menos de 3 meses. Las ventajas principales de la técnica descrita son, por un lado, la evitación de las complicaciones secundarias a procedimientos intraarticulares, y, por otro, el uso de dispositivos que precisan abordajes menos agresivos y desperiostizaciones menos amplias.
Artrodesis de muñeca
Authors: Andreu Moisés Vallés , García Juan Andrés González , Herráez Carmen Guardiola , Martínez Francisco Martínez
Published: June 2024

Las artrodesis de muñeca, tanto totales como parciales, son opciones terapéuticas para el tratamiento de las artropatías postraumáticas, degenerativas o reumáticas. El objetivo de estas cirugías es eliminar el dolor y estabilizar la muñeca con el detrimento de pérdida de movilidad, permitiendo a los pacientes retomar sus actividades diarias sin dolor. Las artrodesis parciales tienen como objetivo conservar cierta movilidad al fusionar solo ciertas articulaciones dejando móviles solo las articulaciones no patológicas, mientras que las artrodesis totales involucran la fusión total de la muñeca, ofreciendo soluciones definitivas para el dolor intenso e inestabilidad.

La realización de estas técnicas mediante cirugía artroscópica ofrece resultados similares a los de la cirugía abierta, con el beneficio adicional de minimizar las complicaciones, reducir el tiempo de recuperación y mejorar el resultado estético postoperatorio.
The evolution of 2D vdW ferroelectric materials: Theoretical prediction, experiment confirmation, applications
Authors: Wang Hong , Tang Yusong , Han Xu , Yang Jialiang , Zhang Xin , Yan Xiaobing
Published: June 2024

Since J. Valasek first discovered ferroelectric materials in 1920, researchers have been exploring continuously in various fields through theory and experiments. With the rapid development of the computing technology, energy efficiency and size requirements of semiconductor devices are becoming increasingly demanding. However, the conventional ferroelectric materials, which have been limited by physical size restrictions, can no longer satisfy the above requirements. Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials can effectively overcome the size limitation of traditional ferroelectrics due to the weak van der Waals force between layers, which is easy to thin while retaining their own unique properties. Currently, a small number of 2D materials have been proved to be ferroelectric properties by experiments and have shown great application potential in nanoscale electrical and optoelectronic devices, expected to become the leaders of next-generation computing. In this review, the current 2D ferroelectric materials are summarized and discussed in detail from seven aspects: theoretical prediction, fabrication methods, ferroelectric characterization methods, principles of typical 2D ferroelectrics, optimization methods of ferroelectric performance, application, and challenges. Finally, the development of 2D ferroelectric materials looks into the future.
Arnold diffusion for an a priori unstable Hamiltonian system with 3 + 1/2 degrees of freedom
Authors: Delshams A. , Granados A. , G. Schaefer R.
Published: June 2024

In the present paper, we apply the geometrical mechanism of diffusion in an a priori unstable Hamiltonian system [L. Chierchia and G. Gallavotti, Ann. l’I.H.P. Phys. théor. 60, 1–144 (1994)] with 3 + 1/2 degrees of freedom. This mechanism consists of combining iterations of the inner and outer dynamics associated with a Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Manifold (NHIM) to construct diffusing pseudo-orbits and subsequently apply shadowing results to prove the existence of diffusing orbits of the system. In addition to proving the existence of diffusion for a wide range of the parameters of the system, an important part of our study focuses on the search for Highways, a particular family of orbits of the outer map (the so-called scattering maps), whose existence is sufficient to ensure a very large drift of the action variables, with a diffusion time near them that agrees with the optimal estimates in the literature. Moreover, this optimal diffusion time is calculated, with an explicit calculation of the constants involved. All these properties are proved by analytical methods and, where necessary, supplemented by numerical calculations.
Microfluidic technologies for advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Authors: Wu Wenshuai , Mu Ying
Published: June 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is getting serious and becoming a threat to public health worldwide. The improper and excessive use of antibiotics is responsible for this situation. The standard methods used in clinical laboratories, to diagnose bacterial infections, identify pathogens, and determine susceptibility profiles, are time-consuming and labor-intensive, leaving the empirical antimicrobial therapy as the only option for the first treatment. To prevent the situation from getting worse, evidence-based therapy should be given. The choosing of effective drugs requires powerful diagnostic tools to provide comprehensive information on infections. Recent progress in microfluidics is pushing infection diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to be faster and easier. This review summarizes the recent development in microfluidic assays for rapid identification and AST in bacterial infections. Finally, we discuss the perspective of microfluidic-AST to develop the next-generation infection diagnosis technologies.
Noise matching and sensitivity improvement in aluminum nitride nanoelectromechanical resonators via parametric amplification
Authors: Kaisar Tahmid , Feng Philip X.-L.
Published: June 2024

Parametric amplification of ultrasmall signals from electromechanical transducers directly in the mechanical domain, prior to electrical readout, is an intriguing challenge and is important for both scientific measurements and technologies utilizing micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). Here, we report on parametric amplification of aluminum nitride (AlN) multimode NEMS resonators (with broad intrinsic dynamic ranges up to 90 dB) for enabling detection of their thermomechanical resonances in both optical and electrical readout schemes simultaneously. The experiments demonstrate that, upon parametric pumping, the electrically transduced thermomechanical motions experience significant amplification, surpassing the extrinsic electronic noise level, while still below the parametric pumping threshold. We achieve noise matching that enables room temperature force sensitivity of 0.46 fN/Hz1/2. We observe high parametric gain up to 650, accompanied by a strong boost (over 3.5×) in the effective quality factor (Qeff, from 9000 to 32 000). These findings underscore the utilities of parametric amplification in noise matching and improving force sensitivity for NEMS transducers and their emerging applications.
Threshold voltage mapping at the nanoscale of GaN-based high electron mobility transistor structures using hyperspectral scanning capacitance microscopy
Authors: Chen Chen , Ghosh Saptarsi , De Wolf Peter , Liang Zhida , Adams Francesca , Kappers Menno J. , Wallis David J. , Oliver Rachel A.
Published: June 2024

Hyperspectral scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) measures dC/dV−V spectra at every XY location of a semiconductor sample surface area. We report its application to GaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures to map threshold voltage (Vth) at the nanoscale. The consistency between the conventional SCM data and the hyperspectral SCM data set of the same area on the HEMT surface provides evidence for the reliability of hyperspectral SCM. We developed a method to extract a map of Vth distribution across the surface of the HEMT structure at the nanoscale from the hyperspectral SCM data set. The map reveals that most of the fissures (i.e., enlarged pits formed at threading dislocation surface endings) on the nitride sample surface reduce local Vth. Other variations in Vth in regions free of the fissures could be a result of thickness and/or composition inhomogeneities in the AlxGa1−xN barrier layer. Conventional SCM and other techniques cannot provide these detailed insights obtained through hyperspectral SCM.
Research on TEM mode feedback and distributed reflection for high-power output of a V-band transit-time oscillator under a low guiding magnetic field
Authors: Chen Zulong , Wang Lei , Ling Junpu , Song Lili , He Juntao , Zeng Fanbo
Published: June 2024

A novel V-band relativistic coaxial transit time oscillator (RCTTO) is proposed to operate with high efficiency under a low magnetic field. A two-stage cascade buncher, a TEM mode feedback mechanism, and a distributed reflector are proposed in the design of the V-band RCTTO to study electron beam modulation, microwave transmission, and microwave output. The two-stage cascade buncher enhances the velocity modulation of the electron beam. The TEM mode feedback mechanism improves the modulation effect of the second buncher by strengthening the gap voltage of the second buncher and deepening the fundamental harmonic current modulation depth. The distributed reflector can isolate the TEM mode leakage into the diode region and minimize the disturbance to the electron beam generation and transmission. With an input diode voltage of 391 kV, beam current of 4.91 kA, and low guiding magnetic field of 0.6 T, the RCTTO outputs a microwave with an average power of 658 MW and a frequency of 58.62 GHz, resulting in a high conversion efficiency of 34.3%.
Simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance response based on the high-resolution three-dimensional digital core
Authors: Gao Feiming , Xiao Liang , Jin Yuan , Li Jiaqi
Published: June 2024

Numerical simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can simulate experimental scenarios and quantify the impact of each factor on the physical characteristics. However, general simulation methods lack authentic pore structure information and fail to accurately model the complex geometry of rocks. High-resolution digital rock cores can effectively reflect pore structure. In this paper, a high-resolution digital core of Berea sandstone is taken as the research object, the pore parameters of the core (e.g., pore volume and surface-to-volume ratio) are quantified, and the 12 529 pores extracted from the three-dimensional digital core are statistically analyzed. Subsequently, the pores are classified based on their surface-to-volume ratio and volume. After the simulation parameters are calibrated by the experiments, NMR response of different water-saturated pores is simulated. Finally, the NMR response of the core with different oil saturation is simulated. We find that the distribution of pore quantity in terms of volume and surface area both follows a power function. There is a strong correlation between pore volume and surface area, especially for smaller pores. The T2 (transverse relaxation time) spectrum can generally reflect the volume distribution, but it may not accurately reflect the volume distribution when the pores are large. We also observe that the spectrum peak reflecting oil bulk relaxation is positioned to the left of the peak of the oil bulk relaxation due to the combined effects of surface relaxation of residual water and diffusion relaxation. These simulation results provide a physical basis for interpreting NMR measurements and can help identify fluids in reservoirs.
Understanding shape selectivity effects of hydroisomerization using a reaction equilibrium model
Authors: Sharma Shrinjay , Rigutto Marcello S. , Zuidema Erik , Agarwal Umang , Baur Richard , Dubbeldam David , Vlugt Thijs J. H.
Published: June 2024

We study important aspects of shape selectivity effects of zeolites for hydroisomerization of linear alkanes, which produces a myriad of isomers, particularly for long chain hydrocarbons. To investigate the conditions for achieving an optimal yield of branched hydrocarbons, it is important to understand the role of chemical equilibrium in these reversible reactions. We conduct an extensive analysis of shape selectivity effects of different zeolites for the hydroisomerization of C7 and C8 isomers at chemical reaction equilibrium conditions. The reaction ensemble Monte Carlo method, coupled with grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations, is commonly used for computing reaction equilibrium of heterogeneous reactions. The computational demands become prohibitive for a large number of reactions. We used a faster alternative in which reaction equilibrium is obtained by imposing chemical equilibrium in the gas phase and phase equilibrium between the gas phase components and the adsorbed phase counterparts. This effectively mimics the chemical equilibrium distribution in the adsorbed phase. Using Henry’s law at infinite dilution and mixture adsorption isotherm models at elevated pressures, we calculate the adsorbed loadings in the zeolites. This study shows that zeolites with cage or channel-like structures exhibit significant differences in selectivity for alkane isomers. We also observe a minimal impact of pressure on the gas-phase equilibrium of these reactions at typical experimental reaction temperatures 400−700K. This study marks initial strides in understanding the reaction product distribution for long-chain alkanes.
Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy setup with incidence angle selection for surfaces of non-metals
Authors: Rath David , Mikerásek Vojtěch , Wang Chunlei , Eder Moritz , Schmid Michael , Diebold Ulrike , Parkinson Gareth S. , Pavelec Jiří
Published: June 2024

Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRAS) on dielectric single crystals is challenging because the optimal incidence angles for light–adsorbate interaction coincide with regions of low IR reflectivity. Here, we introduce an optimized IRAS setup that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio for non-metals. This is achieved by maximizing light throughput and by selecting optimal incidence angles that directly impact the peak heights in the spectra. The setup uses a commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and is usable in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). Specifically, the optical design features sample illumination and collection mirrors with a high numerical aperture inside the UHV system and adjustable apertures to select the incidence angle range on the sample. This is important for p-polarized measurements on dielectrics because the peaks in the spectra reverse the direction at the Brewster angle (band inversion). The system components are connected precisely via a single flange, ensuring long-term stability. We studied the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variation in p-polarized IRAS spectra for one monolayer of CO on TiO2(110) as a function of incidence angle range, where a maximum SNR of 70 was achieved at 4 cm−1 resolution in a measurement time of 5 min. The capabilities for s polarization are demonstrated by measuring one monolayer D2O adsorbed on a TiO2(110) surface, where a SNR of 65 was achieved at a peak height ΔR/R0 of 1.4 × 10−4 in 20 min.
Path instability of falling sphere induced by the near-wall effect
Authors: Chu Chia-Ren , Chiu Chia-Lin , Yin Xiang-Xu
Published: June 2024

This study employs laboratory experiments and a fluid/solid coupled numerical model to investigate the path instability of a falling sphere near a vertical sidewall. The falling trajectory of an acrylic sphere resembles a zigzag curve when the initial gap between the sphere and the sidewall is smaller than the sphere diameter D. The maximum lateral displacement of an acrylic sphere was about 0.85D, while the steel sphere falls nearly in a rectilinear path under the same gap distance. The Reynolds number, based on the diameter and terminal velocity of the sphere, is in the range of Re = 1.88 × 104–4.16 × 104. The flow fields and forces on the falling spheres were simulated by a turbulence model and the immersed boundary (IB) method. The simulated trajectories agree with the experimental results, and the simulation results demonstrate that the periodic vortex shedding only occurs in the wall-normal direction, not in the wall-parallel direction. The terminal velocity, drag, and lateral force are all affected by the vortex shedding. The vortex-induced lateral force coefficients vary in the range of CL = −0.30–0.30, regardless of the sphere density and the initial gap. Moreover, a dimensionless force ratio between the gravitational force and vortex-induced lateral force is proposed herein to measure the effect of vortex shedding on the sphere trajectory in high Reynolds number flows.
An analytical model for eigensolution analysis in the ghost-cell immersed boundary method
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Kou Jiaqing , Zhao Wandong , Liang Jianhan
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a novel model for the discrete forcing ghost-cell method to make it applicable for eigensolution analysis, utilizing the sinusoidal property of real solutions to determine the location of mirror points, the values of which are linearly represented by the surrounding grid. This scheme can serve as an a priori analysis tool for evaluating immersed boundary methods. The analytical solution for a harmonic wave with the initial condition u(x,0)=exp(ikx) under periodic boundary conditions is obtained. Ghost cells (GCs) are interpolated from the internal grid, and the method is shown to effectively analyze dispersion–dissipation across different GC numbers and interpolation types. Finally, the conclusions are validated by simulating the Burgers equation.
Session 5. Oral Presentation for: Structural framework of the Caswell Sub-basin, North West Shelf, Australia
Authors: Tsutsui Kosuke
Published: June 2024

Presented on Tuesday 21 May: Session 5 The Caswell Sub-basin, situated within the Browse Basin in the North West Shelf constitutes one of Australia’s primary hydrocarbon producing regions, with notable gas-condensate producing fields including Ichthys and Prelude. Jurassic syn-rift sandstones are extensively distributed across the basin and serve as one of the major reservoirs. However, reservoir sequences are typically intensely faulted and exhibit heterogeneity in thickness and lithofacies, with some areas experiencing localised erosion on uplifted fault blocks (e.g. Northern Caswell Sub-basin). Hence, understanding the nature of the 3D fault patterns and their growth history is crucial for evaluating the reservoir characteristics for field development and additional exploration activities. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the structural framework and the tectonic evolution of the Caswell Sub-basin. Detailed structural interpretation of Paleozoic and younger sequences was conducted using multiple 3D seismic datasets extending over Ichthys, Prelude, Lasseter, and Crown fields. Our study focuses mainly on Mesozoic faulting patterns and kinematics evaluated from interpreted structural maps, thickness changes of each stratigraphic interval and fault throw profiles of major bounding faults. The extensional phase during the Early–Middle Jurassic triggered the development of NE–SW trending faults and the deepening of the Brewster Graben. While, from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, the development of E–W trending faults in the north of the Crown and Lasseter fields indicate a shift in the regional stress regime. We highlight the importance of evaluating the structural linkage from basement to cover sequences to achieve a comprehensive understanding of reservoirs and associated petroleum systems. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Session 7. Oral Presentation for: Advocating for a behavioural science approach to inclusion and diversity
Authors: Lanwin Yhana
Published: June 2024

Presented on Tuesday 21 May: Session 7 In recent years the benefits of inclusion and diversity have become increasingly clear. Australian and international studies have demonstrated the significant improvements in innovation, productivity and growth that can be achieved when teams are both inclusive and diverse. However, meaningful progress requires moving beyond traditional diversity initiatives. This paper highlights the potential use of behavioural science to design successful implementation strategies to improve diversity and inclusion in the upstream energy industry. This paper will also provide guidance on how scientific methodologies can be applied to measure impact and return on investment (ROI), aligning the business case for diversity and inclusion with individual interventions. Behavioural science involves the observation, hypothesis, experiment and analysis of human behaviour to draw conclusions. It is now a leading school of thought at the world’s top research and learning organisations. This paper argues that by measuring outcomes of diversity and inclusion interventions through a behavioural science approach, organisations can make informed decisions, identify areas of improvement, and refine their strategies to improve ROI. This approach not only ensures that resources are invested effectively but also fosters a culture of continuous learning and adaptation, leading to sustainable and meaningful progress for all employees and stakeholders. Drawing on international research and local case studies, this paper showcases successful applications of behavioural science in transforming organisational cultures, creating safer and more inclusive workplaces. Ideas for quantitative and qualitative measurements are proposed for application in the upstream energy industry, with a particular focus on operational people and performance. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Session 8. Oral Presentation for: Decarbonisation – how are we tracking against plans
Authors: Wilkes Martin
Published: June 2024

Presented on Tuesday 21 May: Session 8 Globally many countries have committed to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and their dependence on fossil fuels with most large emitting countries now committing to ‘net-zero’ targets sometime in the second half of this century and earlier intermediate targets in 2030. With only 6 years to go until the deadline to meet 2030 emission reduction targets, what is the verdict? How are Australian and global emission reduction projects tracking? World electricity demand in 2022 was 28,500 TWh with 39.3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide emitted in the same year as a result. The global energy mix hasn’t changed much: fossil fuel consumption as a percentage of primary energy in 2022 remained steady at 82% and in July 2023 the International Energy Agency projected 2023 oil demand to be 102.1 million barrels a day, an all-time high. This paper will take a look at decarbonisation efforts around the world and provide an overview of what was targeted in previous years and compare it with what has actually been achieved. How far are we truly on the road to decarbonisation? Are decarbonisation initiatives including carbon capture, utilisation and storage, hydrogen projects, solar and wind farms providing the intended results? Incorporating recent key regulatory initiatives from governments around the world including the US, Australia and the EU, this paper will outline progress to date and attempt to show possible paths going forward in answering the question whether it is possible to achieve the proposed emission reduction targets in 6 years. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Session 16. Oral Presentation for: Brownfield modifications to convert existing gas production facilities for CCS operations
Authors: Jones Christopher
Published: June 2024

Presented on Wednesday 22 May: Session 16 In recent years, traditional oil and gas operators have found novel means of extending the life of their assets and deferring onerous decommissioning costs by converting their facilities from gas production into carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. While the task of designing for CO2 may sound simple, CO2 injection works in counter-intuitive ways, with previously established heuristics derived from years of experience in gas condensate systems being quickly challenged as potentially dangerous. The world of designing CO2 systems is back-to-front compared with hydrocarbons; it isn’t simply a case of a change in flow direction. Some of the design challenges explored in this paper include: large density variability in CO2 systems where a small change in the ambient temperature can significantly impact the pressure of a shut-in system; optimal pressure ratings of the vents and drains systems and how previous safety margins may be unsafe; pipeline hydraulic modelling focussed on new areas outside of the traditional suite of analysis, such as assurance of the supercritical phase; understanding liquid water dropout being more of a concern than hydrate formation; injection wells counter-intuitively flowing from low pressure to high pressure; whether to vent CO2 above or below an offshore platform; and optimal liquefied CO2 storage vessel conditions and safeguarding. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Session 16. Oral Presentation for: Optimising CO2 storage resource utilisation: insights from the Otway Stage 4 field program
Authors: Watson Max
Published: June 2024

Presented on Wednesday 22 May: Session 16 The optimised utilisation of storage resources and accelerated commercial carbon dioxide (CO2) storage development is vital for carbon capture and storage to play its important role in reducing emissions at scale. CO2CRC seeks to address this challenge through an international collaboration – the Otway Stage 4 field program – that demonstrates a suite of cost-effective reservoir management techniques with the potential to improve CO2 storage capabilities, particularly in lower-quality reservoirs, maturing them for commercial readiness. Aiming to enhance injectivity, improve sweep, increase model resolution, and develop performance monitoring capabilities, Otway 4 will substantially improve CO2 storage resource usage, furthering economical viability for decreasing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Otway Stage 4 includes acquisition and analysis of CO2 saturation and chemical data during plume migration and trapping, combined with investigation of fine-scale geological heterogeneity’s role in CO2 flow dynamics, to refine modelling workflows and, ultimately, develop strategies for optimising commercial CO2 storage; demonstrating whether CO2 microbubbles (MBs) significantly increase storage efficiency compared to standard CO2 injection, thereby unlocking previously untenable reservoirs for CO2 storage; enhancing seismic monitoring to comprehensively assess storage performance and MB behaviour, including quantitative derivation of CO2 saturation; and demonstrating the capability of Distributed Strain Sensing to quantitatively measure geomechanical changes associated with CO2 injection. In addition to Otway 4’s forward plans, laboratory and modelling work, including core flood analysis, to understand CO2 MB and surfactant behaviour at pore scale, dynamic modelling of CO2 flow through heterogeneous reservoir, and selecting suitable injection intervals at the Otway site are discussed. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Session 18. Oral Presentation for: Asset management and risk based process safety management approaches to the energy trilemma
Authors: Vandenberg Erik
Published: June 2024

Presented on Wednesday 22 May: Session 18 The global energy landscape is transforming towards a carbon-neutral future, necessitating strategic and systematic approaches to address the energy trilemma of security, affordability, and sustainability. Two critical elements of this transformation include the large-scale global adoption of hydrogen for energy use and carbon capture, usage, and storage (CCUS), including carbon sequestration. These efforts require effective management from a lifecycle perspective, considering net emissions and economics, including the life-cycle cost of energy systems, and a risk based process safety (RBPS) management approach that ensures public safety. Embracing asset management principles, which encompass lifecycle management, risk management, and performance optimisation, will be key in facilitating this transition. By analysing energy generation, demand patterns, and storage capacity, optimising the use of renewable energy, systematically, and dynamically monitoring asset performance, and process safety assurance metrics, operators can optimise resource allocation, reduce costs, and improve sustainability and public safety. Furthermore, adopting good risk engineering practices, including RBPS management, will manage risks to as low as reasonably practicable, ensuring a tolerable residual public risk level. This article highlights the correlation between the energy trilemma and asset management practices and suggests practical strategies to manage these major changes by implementing principles of asset management and RBPSmanagement, including a supporting case study. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Session 20. Oral Presentation for: Planning for complex decommissioning projects in Australia – Gippsland Basin case study
Authors: Perry Richard
Published: June 2024

Presented on Wednesday 22 May: Session 20 Over more than 50 years, safe and successful installation projects have enabled progressive development and expansion of the Gippsland Basin Joint Venture off the coast of Victoria, Australia. This has resulted in a highly integrated network of 19 offshore platforms which are now starting to progressively reach the end of their productive life and detailed planning for the first phase of decommissioning projects has increased in intensity. Decommissioning of these assets is planned to take place in a number of campaigns. The Campaign 1 Decommissioning Project includes the removal of up to 13 platforms and is likely to be the largest single project of its kind in the World. Experience of similar decommissioning projects in Australia is very limited, resulting in unprecedented challenges across many aspects of this project. This requires creative, innovative and adaptable solutions to be developed to enable an efficient execution methodology. This paper will explore the strategies, challenges and successes involved with the early planning and development phase of the Gippsland Basin Joint Venture, Campaign 1 Decommissioning Project. Key insights, from contracting, to execution planning and stakeholder engagement will be discussed, promoting sharing across the industry and improving efficiency for future decommissioning projects in Australia. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Session 21. Oral Presentation for: Angel CCS project – decarbonising the hard-to-abate industries of WA
Authors: Kosyak Dmitry
Published: June 2024

Presented on Wednesday 22 May: Session 21 The Angel CCS Project is a proposed large-scale multi-user carbon capture and storage (CCS) hub located near Karratha, WA. It is being progressed by the Angel CCS Joint Venture (JV). Angel CCS is ideally located to aggregate emissions from existing sources in the Pilbara region and has the potential to facilitate the development of new lower-carbon industries, such as the production of hydrogen and ammonia, by providing a local solution for emissions. The JV has been awarded greenhouse gas assessment permit G-10-AP, located in the Northern Carnarvon Basin off the north-western coast of Western Australia and is now assessing the technical, regulatory and commercial feasibility of aggregating emissions from existing and potential future facilities and the geological storage of carbon dioxide in the permit area. Notionally, the Angel CCS project is expected to be able to handle up to 5 Mtpa. The proposed project could be the first large scale CCS hub with offshore storage in Australia and potentially one of the largest CCS hubs in the Asia Pacific. The paper provides an overview of the Angel CCS Project, outlines key enabling factors for CCS Hub developments, and explains the key considerations that informed the development concept. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Session 22. Oral Presentation for: Comparing hybrid method simulations to hydrogen dispersion and explosion tests
Authors: Abdel-jawad Madhat
Published: June 2024

Presented on Wednesday 22 May: Session 22 With an increase in the production and storage of hydrogen, it is likely that an increased number of explosions in which hydrogen plays a central role will occur unless a step change increase in safety is seen. Modelling releases of hydrogen and explosions arising from the delayed ignition of premixed gas clouds of hydrogen is carried out today using analytical and numerical approaches and most recently, using a hybrid methodology with the commercially available software exploCFD. Hybrid simulation methodology relies on the calculation of an analytically derived source term which is then used as an input for a 2D numerical simulation. In this paper we further our earlier validation work and test the ability of the hybrid methodology to predict flammable gas dispersion and subsequent explosions arising from hydrogen releases. Hydrogen has some particularly unique properties; it is the lightest of fuels – meaning masses involved are very small, and it has the highest laminar burning velocity – an order of magnitude greater than most hydrocarbons. The hybrid methodology is compared against previously documented 3D corner tests and dispersion tests. Excellent agreement between overpressure prediction and the reported experimental data for explosion against equivalence ratio is observed. The data from the hydrogen jet release simulations also compare extremely well to the previously reported experimental data. The results show that it is difficult to justify the use of far more laborious, time and cost-intensive purely numerical methods, or the use of largely uncertain more crude methods still widely used today. To access the Oral Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Emission Reductions Visual Presentation R10: Life of field emission forecast development and reduction option screening for a multi-train LNG hub
Authors: Whitelaw Louise , Patrizi Holly
Published: June 2024

Emission Reductions Visual Presentation R10 The Karratha Gas Plant (KGP) is a complex integrated facility which produces liquified natural gas (LNG), domestic gas (Domgas), condensate, propane and butane products. The multi-train facility has been operating for 40 years with several phases of expansion resulting in a range of gas turbine technology and energy efficiency levels across the facility. The challenge for the next phase of KGP operation is to manage declining North West Shelf (NWS) feed gas levels, and the addition of Other Resource Owners feed gas while reducing emissions and maintaining energy efficiency. A flexible emissions forecasting tool has been developed which allows unit and whole of facility emissions reduction and energy efficiency options to be assessed. The tool builds on current quarterly timestep production forecasts and models ambient temperature, unit turndown and turn-off strategies, and potential implementation of lower emissions technology. The ability to generate and compare life of field emissions profiles for extrapolated operating modes and proposed modifications allows unit strategies and phasing of emissions reduction modifications to be investigated and screened before further economic assessment and creation of marginal abatement cost curves (MACC). To access the Visual Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Engineering Visual Presentation E02: A novel approach for geomechanical modelling in the absence of stress magnitude data
Authors: Ranjbarkarami Rasoul
Published: June 2024

Engineering Visual Presentation E02 Geomechanics play an important role in any underground activity, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) geo-storage, owing to the considerable hazards linked to the injection and withdrawal of fluids into and from the subsurface. In order to quantify these risks, knowledge of full stress tensor is required. Yet, most of our stress information in the Australian target basins for geo-storage is limited to the stress orientations, while stress magnitude data is sparse. 3D geomechanical modelling has proved to be an invaluable tool for prediction of full stress tensor. Nevertheless, a model requires some stress magnitude data in order to tune the model to be representative of real stress state. In situations where stress magnitude data is lacking, this means that the model is susceptible to significant uncertainties. Herein, we present a novel strategy for stress modelling, which involves the utilisation of indirect data such as borehole breakouts, drilling-induced fractures, seismic activity records, and formation integrity tests to calibrate a 3D geomechanical model. We employ the northern Bowen Basin, an onshore basin in Queensland, Australia, as a case study for a comprehensive 3D geomechanical modelling approach. We assess all the indirect information in the model’s volume to narrow down the model predictions and find the most reliable stress state. This innovative approach is an important step forward in stress modelling of Australian basins, where lack of stress magnitudes is a great challenge for geomechanical assessment of geo-storage. To access the Visual Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here
Geoscience Visual Presentation G13: Real-time chemostratigraphy at wellsite; removing drilling uncertainties
Authors: Riley David
Published: June 2024

Geoscience Visual Presentation G13 Real-time chemostratigraphy is a workflow deployed at wellsites to remove stratigraphic uncertainty and support drilling operations. This study presents the chemostratigraphic wellsite workflow which, during drilling operations, support either the placement of casing points (using predefined geochemical markers to target a depth above a specific stratigraphic feature) or aid geosteering. Geosteering is typically employed during the drilling of a horizontal well and is done to keep the drill within a certain zone or horizon to maximise production. Wellsite chemostratigraphy has been effectively deployed to wellsites within multiple basins around the globe and has recently been utilised in the Perth Basin. The wellsite workflow starts before the deployment, with offset wells analysed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy within a laboratory-based setting. This builds the correlative element-based framework and identifies the trends required to assist with either core placement, casing point, or geosteering. Samples are analysed by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence units (these data are then used to confirm the zone previously defined) and can be identified at wellsite using the onsite tool, the selected elements of which are those less likely to be affected by drilling mud contamination and loss of circulation material (LCM). However, during drilling operation, there may be instances where LCM must be added to the drilling muds, which may have an effect on the data quality for certain elements. With a dedicated ICP spectrometry elemental database behind the wellsite operation, machine learning tools may be employed to ‘repair’ correlation critical elements. To access the Visual Presentation click the link on the right. To read the full paper click here