bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DeepStar Accomplishments in Continued-Service Realm
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 27840, “Collective Summary of DeepStar Accomplishments Within Continued Service,” by Joseph Gomes, DeepStar, and Greg Kusinski, Chevron, prepared for the 2017 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 1–4 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2017 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

Offshore operators must grapple with ways to keep aging floating facilities on station beyond their original design life. DeepStar is an operator-funded research-and-development joint-industry consortium that includes members of the oil community such as oil and gas companies, vendors, regulators, and academic and research institutes working in multidisciplinary technology areas. The complete paper highlights successes of the consortium in the realm of continuous service.

Mooring-Integrity Management (MIM)

Moorings on floating production systems (FPSs) are safety-critical systems, but recent research indicates that there is an imbalance between the critical nature of mooring systems and the attention that they receive. Although they are meticulously engineered against a considerable array of known factors that could accelerate standard wear and tear, there have been numerous underlying causes of mooring-system failures historically. In addition to the complex technical consequences of a mooring-leg failure, one must consider the significant financial burdens posed by support, replacement-part, and lost-production costs. Because mooring systems are designed for a single-leg-failure scenario, production might be limited by reduced operating conditions while replacement mooring-leg components are procured, and any subsequent or concurrent shutdown period might affect production negatively while the repairs are made. Should the mooring-leg failure occur at a key structural connection of the mooring leg to the floating unit, then the repairs can be compounded further and, in some instances, might require removal of the system from the field.

After this issue was brought to the consortium committee’s attention, the riser-integrity-management (RIM) project was initiated, with the primary goal of developing MIM guidelines for permanent mooring systems. These guidelines are intended to serve as the foundation for future work within the industry for risk-based inspection planning for mooring systems.

A more-comprehensive, risk-based design of an MIM program can improve the safety performance of an operating asset significantly, with the added benefit of extending the longevity of its use as practically as possible while in the field. At the same time, application of a risk-based inspection program can be used to reduce costs further by targeting inspection activities to high-risk areas or components, acting as an early-warning sys-tem through early detection of changes that precede line failure.
Intelligent Completion in Laterals Becomes a Reality
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 183949, “Intelligent Completion in Laterals Becomes a Reality,” by Brett Bouldin, Robert Turner, Isidore Bellaci, and Yousif Abu Ahmad, Saudi Aramco, and Steven Dyer, Thales Oliveira, and Ali Bin Al-Sheikh, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2017 SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Manama, Bahrain, 6–9 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A producer and a service company have collaborated to develop a downhole system to merge multilateral technology and intelligent completions to create “smart laterals.” This approach is known as the extreme-reservoir-contact (ERC) approach to reservoir management. The complete paper discusses ERC completion technology that segments laterals into multiple compartments to provide flow rate, pressure, temperature, and water-cut measurements, together with variable choking in each compartment.

Technology-Development Program

Even the most-experienced and -diligent development teams cannot deal with an “unknown unknown,” defined here as a serious problem so deeply hidden that it eludes discovery by all laboratory prototype test methods. Therefore, full-scale tests and preliminary field trials must be conducted early as part of the development exercise. This approach was used successfully in Well Trial 1, which verified well-construction practices, and Well Trial 2, which tested prototype electrical control valves.

Executing Well Trials 1 and 2 revealed “unknown unknowns” in the pressure-gauge electronics and the assembly of the water-cut sensor. Because these were tool failures, they were relative-ly simple to correct. During Well Trial 3, an application failure was encountered when the drilling bottomhole assembly (BHA) tracked the liner outer diameter for several hundred feet after exiting the casing window. The resulting intersection of the electric umbilical on the outside of the 7-in. intelligent liner destroyed the downhole communications capability in the well. This problem could not have been prevented by effective planning; being an application failure, it could be discovered only in a field trial.

The application failure caused a program halt. A team was formed to redevelop lateral exit methods and drilling-sensor usage. A new project plan was made that required three additional parallel trials. Well Trial 4 was planned to prove umbilical avoidance by use of resistivity logging and revised procedures; further details are contained in the ERC Well Construction subsection of this synopsis. Well Trial 5 was a reduced-scale trial. Well Trial 6 was a full-scale installation similar to that previously attempted in Well Trial 3 and is the primary focus of this paper.
A Neural-Network Approach for Modeling a Water-Distribution System
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: May 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 185678, “A Neural-Network Approach for Modeling a Water-Distribution System,” by Andrei S. Popa, Chevron; Conor O’Toole, University of Southern California; Juan Munoz, Steve Cassidy, and Dallas Tubbs, Chevron; and Iraj Ershaghi, University of Southern California, prepared for the 2017 SPE Western Regional Meeting, Bakersfield, California, USA, 23–27 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The authors present a new data-driven approach to estimate the injection rate in all noninstrumented wells in a large waterflooding operation accurately. The paper outlines the methodology and procedures used to analyze a branch of the water-network system and the modeling of accurate estimation of injection rates. The model performance is distinctive in its use of only field and wellhead measured data and considering the natural uncertainty inherited in these values.

Introduction

Lost Hills is a relatively large oil field located in western California. The field contains a significant amount of remaining producible reserves. There are six oil pools in five producing units of varying geologic age. The permeability of one of these units, the Monterey formation, is very low on the scale of millidarcies, which leads to lower production rates and even a very low recovery factor for the field. To address this challenge, a new expansion of the field was undertaken, with the introduction of waterflood development and close infill drilling.

Lost Hills operations follow a basic injection-system setup of a typical water flood. Produced water is trans-ported to the water strain. After the filtration steps are complete, the polished water is pumped into a 20-in. trunk line to the main tank battery. From the main trunk line, the line is reduced to 16 in. and is dedicated to the northernmost portions of the fields. It then is further reduced to an 8-in. line to the western portion, where Header 43 (the subject of this study) is located. This type of system with two separate strings, more formally known as a dual-string injection system, has the advantage of being able to inject water into specific depths of the reservoir. Basic terminology for this type of system classifies the short string as surface casing and the long string as production tubing. Such a system might have the ability to inject at shallow depths by use of the short string, while producing from a deeper interval by use of the long string.
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF INTERMITTENT HEAT SUPPLY FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Klymchuk Oleksandr , Denysova Alla , Balasanian Gennadiy , Alhemiri Saad Aldin , Borysenko Krystyna
Published: May 2018

A review of the current world state of application of various heat supply regimes for public buildings is conducted. The efficiency analysis of the use of various renewable energy sources in combined heat supply systems is analyzed. An integrated heat supply system with successive heating of the coolant from low-potential renewable sources of heat (solar system) to high-temperature traditional heat sources (gas and pellet boilers) is developed. A mathematical model of the integrated heat supply system using renewable sources of heat is proposed. This model can be used to simulate the processes of heating rooms in the intermittent heat supply mode.

The dynamics of heating of premises with various heating devices: with natural convection (radiator) and forced convection (fan coils) is carried out. During the heating season (2016–2017), the operation modes of integrated systems of alternative intermittent heat supply (ISAIHS) are studied.

These studies are extremely relevant for solving the issues of rational use of energy resources. The proposed solutions show that the most effective use of renewable sources of heat can be only in an integrated approach to solving this issue. Also it should be noted the interaction of ISAIHS components: the heat source – the heating system – the characteristics of the building – the operating modes of the premises.

As a result of the research, the boundaries of the effective use of various heat generators in ISAHS are established. The influence of the type of heating devices and insulation of internal walls on the effectiveness of ISAIHS operation is revealed. The full-scale tests of a pilot installation of an integrated heat supply system are carried out.

The obtained results will help to use heat sources more efficiently with a two-period operation regime for new houses. This can be used to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings.
ANALYSIS OF UKRAINIAN DIAGNOSTIC ARTICULATION TABLES
Authors: Pedchenko Oksana , Lunova Svitlana
Published: May 2018

The problem of creating Ukrainian diagnostic tables for the testing of hearing impaired people has not yet been resolved. The article dedicated to the linguistic material of existing articulation tables. The basic methodology of creating such tables is the recommendations for the compilation of Russian-language tables according to the rhythmic-dynamic indicators of the language. For comparison, corresponding tables in Russian have been analyzed. The performed analysis shows significant differences between the indicators of statistical analysis of Ukrainian-language tables. The atypical frequency of the use of separate letters for the Ukrainian language, as well as other phonological indicators, is revealed. Additionally, the articulation tables are not balanced. Their linguistic material, selected by column, is different in its indexes and cannot be interchangeable. That is why the use of spectral analysis of speech material during the compilation of articulation tables is proposed. This approach is objective to ensure the matching of the dictionary sample with the integral characteristics of the given language and allows to create balanced tables.

Due to the specifics of each language, it is necessary to create the appropriate language of their diagnostic tables, which should be used to test the state of hearing of the native speakers. This study will help to find out the feasibility of using existing Ukrainian language articulation tables and determine the ways to create an objective universal method for selecting a vocabulary that is typical of a given language.
RESEARCH ON USE OF LOW CONCENTRATION INVERSE SOLUBILITY POLYMERS IN WATER FOR HARDENING MACHINE COMPONENTS AND TOOLS
Authors: Kobasko Nikolai , Moskalenko Anatolii , Dobryvechir Volodymyr
Published: May 2018

There is an optimal water concentration of inverse solubility polymers ( 1 %) where in many cases film boiling is absent. Based on accurate experimental data of French and data of authors, it was shown that during quenching from 875 oC in cold water solutions of optimal concentration film boiling is completely absent for those steel parts initial heat flux densities of which are below critical value. It is established that initial heat flux density decreases with increase sizes of tested samples. Initial process of quenching (formation of boundary boiling layer), which makes further history of cooling, is not investigated deeply and widely yet enough. When film boiling is absent, mathematical model includes only transient nucleate boiling process and convection. In this case, cooling time within the transient nucleate boiling process can be calculated using average effective Kondratjev numbers Kn. They were evaluated for inverse solubility polymers depending on their concentration and sizes of tested samples. As a result, an improved technology of hardening large gears and bearing rings is proposed by authors. Its essence consists in interruption of accelerated cooling or turning off agitation of quenchant when dissolving of surface polymeric layer starts. Examples of performing improved technology are provided by authors. Developments can be used by engineers to switch from carburized large gears quenched in oil to gears made of optimal hardenability steel and quenched in water solutions of optimal concentration.
ANALITIC INVESTIGATION OF THE REGULARITIES OF CHANGING DUST CONCENTRATION DURING THE ABRASIVE DECREASE OF STONE STRUCTURES
Authors: Bezpalova Alla , Lebedev Vladimir , Morozov Yuri
Published: May 2018

In the process of repair or restoration of building structures, it is often necessary to strengthen building structures from limestone-shell rock, concrete, reinforced concrete, hard materials-granite, basalt, etc. by cutting or making cuts of the required size with detachable circles of synthetic diamond and cubic boron nitride (CA and CBN)

The cutting process is accompanied by considerable dust formation, which can be both harmful and dangerous factor in the work.

The aim of the work is studying the process of dust sedimentation and the regularity of the change in dust concentration during the abrasive cutting of concrete and stone materials.

Mathematical models have been developed – dust emission from under the wheel, speed of sedimentation of dust particles depending on their material, size and shape, and also depending on temperature, pressure and humidity, the concentration of dust in the working space and the concentration change during the cutting cycle are calculated.

It is shown that the velocity of the sedimentation of particles depends significantly on the shape. The higher the sphericity, the higher the sedimentation rate. The ambient temperature has little effect on the sedimentation rate, in the temperature range (-20 → + 40 °C) at which the operation takes place.

The sedimentation rate of dust particles generated by cutting the most common building stone materials also differs slightly. Almost the same sedimentation rate has dust particles obtained by cutting basalt and concrete. A bit higher is the sedimentation rate of particles from granite.

The sedimentation rate of particles of generated dust is about 600-700 cm/h or 10-11 cm/min for particles measuring 6 μm. This means that at a production height of about 2 m (200 cm) during the operating cycle (about 3 min), the dust will remain at an altitude of about 1.5 m, i.е. practically remains in the working area. This gives grounds to assert about a high concentration of dust during the cutting cycle (about 4.8 108/m3).
EDUCATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE AND CHILDREN AS A WAY OF FIGHTING AGAINST INTERNET HATE, A FORM OF CYBER VIOLENCE
Authors: Górka Marek
Published: May 2018

Due to highly innovative technologies such as the smartphone, cyber- bullying and on-line, aggression has increasingly affected individuals across the world. Cyber-bullying is defined as repeated unwanted, hurtful, harassing, and threatening interaction through electronic communication media. Anonymity and mobility afforded by the Internet have made harassment and expressions of hate effortless in a landscape that is abstract and beyond the realms of traditional law enforcement. Further, it argues that a broad coalition of government, schools, police and citizenry is likely to be most effective in reducing the harm caused by hate speech. The study discusses the targets of hate on the Internet, provides a framework within which problems can be identified and resolved by accentuating moral and social responsibility, and articulates possible solutions to combat with this increasing problem.
THE EDUCATION QUALITY MEASURING: AMERICAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Zvarych Iryna , Marushkevych Alla
Published: May 2018

The US Higher Education Reform is due to certain processes of competitiveness, market orientation, the tendency to form a single space for education. The American system of Higher Education has integrated the best in the education of other countries and thus helped the country overcome crises, to some extent solve the problems of racial discrimination, unemployment, poverty, improved the situation of women, people with disabilities, national minorities. The historical events, socio-economic transformations, aspiration to be a leader in the world market respectively have influenced the development of Higher Education. Due to reforms in American society, education has become more open, various, versatile. The Americans highly value the Higher Education and believe that education is necessary for a conscious political life, the functioning of a democratic government, the development of economic and political international relations. The American education serving the dynamic and global economy is effective and capable of developing in the conditions of limited public resources.
This article focuses on the measurement of education quality and accreditation of Higher Learning Institutions in the USA; the analysis of educational activities of American universities; the coverage of accreditation and education performance of Higher Learning Institutions in the United States; these indicators usage in the process of education quality assessing in American universities; the essence disclosure of measurement the education quality with helping "added value" on the basis by American scientists research; the borrowing American experience into the Higher Learning Institutions in Ukraine.
ANALYSIS OF THE PERSPECTIVES OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION FOR THE CENTRAL REGIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Petkova Lesia , Khomenko Elena , Zagoruyko Nelli
Published: May 2018

The conducted analysis of the prospects of international environmental cooperation for the central regions of Ukraine showed that the most developed area of cooperation is green tourism, which is rapidly developing in the central regions. To a large extent, this is due to the natural conditions and the preserved archaism of local life that attracts tourists. On the other side, the support of green tourism by the government, improvement of the material condition of owners of green homesteads increases the interest of local communities in cooperation with international organizations.
Using of international experience in the field of energy saving by local communities is being implemented by individual farms at the level of individual relationships with international organizations, but it has no massive component.
Cooperation of the central regions of Ukraine with the international community is the most promising in the direction of forming a transnational ecological network. The main reserve for the formation of a regional ecological network is the lands of the water fund, degraded and unproductive agricultural landscapes. The allocation of lands for the water fund and its mapping must use plans and requires adequate financing. The threat to implementation of the regional program for the development of the ecological network and its coordination with transnational ecological corridors is the lack of financing and inconsistency of the resolution of the land ownership rights in the alienation of land to the nature reserve fund.
The use of funding from international environmental funds in the central regions of Ukraine is limited due to the lack of experience in the participation of environmental NGOs in international ecological projects aimed at nature conservation, the lack of interest of local communities in land alienation in the nature reserve fund.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Martynchyk Arina , Gurianov Vitaliy , Kriachok Iryna
Published: May 2018

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a potentially curable disease, but standard treatment is not effective enough for all patients. That is why so important to identify high risk patients who need more aggressive therapy at the time of diagnosis. Nowadays prognosis for patients with DLBCL is based on International prognostic index (IPI). However, this index consists of only clinical parameters and does not include the biological characteristics of the tumour. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers could also play a prognostic role. There are some publications regarding predictive and prognostic role of expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-6, MUM1, CD10 and CD30, but their results are controversial. The aim of our study was to analyze prognostic role of these markers, to compare survival of patients with positive and negative expression of these markers and to build a prognostic model which include biological parameters for identifying high risk patients. There were statistically significant differences in EFS between the group of patients with negative and positive expression of CD10 (51.5 % versus 72.5 %, р=0.01) and in OS between the group of patients with negative and positive expression of Bcl-6 (61.1 % versus 79.6 %, р=0.03). Six-factors nonlinear neural network prediction model (MLP_6) was built. The sensitivity of the model is 63.2 % (95 % CІ 49.3 % – 75.6 %), specificity – 85.2 % (95 % CІ 79.1 % – 90.1 %). Prognostic factors include negative IHC expression of Bcl-6, CD10, non-GCB molecular subtype (according to algorithm Hans), gender (male), advanced Ann-Arbor stages, >2extranodal involvement. Our nonlinear neural network prediction model could improve prognostic role of IPI by adding of biological tumour characteristics (IHC expression of CD10, Bcl-6, molecular subtype by IHC algorithm).
APPLICATION OF ROTATED FILM APPARATUS AT PRODUCTION OF MULTI-COMPONENT FRUIT PASTS
Authors: Cherevko Oleksandr , Mykhaylov Valeriy , Zagorulko Aleksey , Zahorulko Andrii
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study is to probate the improved rotated film apparatus (RFA) at producing high-quality multi-component fruit pasts. The construction of the improved RFA with an innovative solution as to the system of heating its working chamber at the expanse of using a radiating heater – FFREhRT is developed. The designed construction is resource-effective and allows to concentrate fruit puree by using saving non-inertial thermal regimes (50...60 °С) with processing duration 0,65...0,8 min to content 25...30 % of RM. At the researches there was realized the probation of the improved RFA at concentrating offered multi-component fruit purees, based on apple, cranberry and haw.

The high quality of obtained multi-component fruit pasts was confirmed as a result of studying their structural-mechanical and color characteristics. Structural-mechanical parameters of studied fruit purees allowed to determine the influence of each component of the composition on the dispersed stability of an obtained structure of puree. It was established that the best disperse stable structure is inherent to the composition with percent content of apples, cranberries and haws as 60 ÷ 30 ÷ 10 with the mean radius of microcapillaries nm.

As a result of concentrating fruit purees, there were determined their color characteristics by CIELab system. And the comparisons of the studied sample before and after concentration indicate their unessential change. Thus, for the recipe composition with best organoleptic indices: apple, cranberry, haw in ratio 60 ÷ 30 ÷ 10, the brightness index for puree is: Т = 37,8 %, and for the concentrated past – Т = 36,4 % respectively. All obtained compositions are characterized by the red-orange color that totally confirms preservation of their physical-chemical characteristics at thermal processing.

The improved RFA construction may be implemented at enterprises of tinned production for processing and getting high-quality fruit pasts for providing needs of food industry of the country.
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES OF SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE SPHERE WITHIN AN URBAN COMMUNITY
Authors: Павленков М. , Pavlenkov M. , Воронин П. , Voronin P.
Published: May 2018

The paper features some issues and main directions of the strategic development of a municipal entity in the field of solid municipal waste. The authors identify the major sources of waste and prove that for municipalities it is necessary to enhance the role of strategic planning, the effectiveness of monitoring and accounting, and implement monitoring systems in waste management. It is shown that the most important direction for the effective solution of these problems is the improvement of economic and organizational mechanisms for managing the sphere of solid municipal waste within an urban community. The paper contains the main tasks a community has to perform to improve the mechanisms of strategic management in the sphere of solid municipal waste. Management technology should be systematic and take into consideration the interests of the local population, enterprises and authorities as well as other stakeholders. It should be based on an integrated collection system that would reflect the system for collecting and transporting communal waste, technology for recycling wastes and methods for their utilization. The authors propose an approach to unify the technology for implementing processes in the field of solid municipal wastes. The approach is based on the system approach and employs methods of economic and logical analysis, as well as data of state statistics and municipal reports. The approach presupposes organizational and economic integration of stakeholders, which should increase investment in this area and reduce environmental tensions in the community.
FACTORS AND POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF A MEGAREGION
Authors: Дробкова О. , Drobkova O.
Published: May 2018

The current stage of economic development is characterized by the manifestation of «mega-regionalism» and «inter-regionalism», which shifts the emphasis in the direction of a balanced interaction between the participants who integrate their capacities in the interests of their own sustainable development. Megaregions represent the «locomotives» of the economic development of their countries. The potential for the development of the «megaregion» system represents its ability, which is determined by a wide range of factors. The expected effect of its use is sustainable development achieved by effective management solutions. Integration and balanced interaction is especially important for the sustainable development of megaregional economy. The author suggests integrating all elements of the system in terms of ensuring a synergistic effect, taking into account the interests of geographically localized spaces within the region, industrial complexes and economic entities. The current research defines the factors that shape the potential for sustainable development of a megaregion in terms of the «globalism – regionalism – the national economy – local education» interaction.
Investigation and modelling of high rate algal ponds utilising secondary effluent at Western Water, Bacchus Marsh Recycled Water Plant
Authors: Wrede Digby , Hussainy Syed U. , Rajendram William , Gray Stephen
Published: May 2018

There is growing interest in the ability of high rate algal ponds (HRAP) to treat wastewater. This method reduces the costs of algal production while treating the wastewater quicker and more efficiently than standard lagoon practices. Two parallel HRAPs were used in this study to treat secondary effluent. Nitrogen levels were significantly reduced with a mean reduction of 71% for ammonia and 64% for total nitrogen. The use of the HRAPs significantly increased the algal biomass levels compared to the algal growth in the storage lagoons, with a mean increase of 274%. Beneficial use of algae can be used to reduce treatment costs; so being able to predict and optimise the amount of algal biomass produced in HRAPs is vital. However, most models are complicated and require specific, detailed information. In this study, a predictive microalgal growth model was developed for HRAP by adapting two previously established models: the Steele and Monod models. The model could predict algal growth based on temperatures and solar radiation and account for limiting ammonia concentrations in an elevated pH environment with natural variations in the algal community. This model used experimental data that would be readily available to any established HRAP study.
Conservation of the critically endangered Achondrostoma occidentale (Pisces: Cyprinidae): integrating habitat data in restocking programs to improve population recovery
Authors: Mameri D. , Sousa Santos C. , Magalhães M. F. , Robalo J. I.
Published: May 2018

Cyprinid fauna endemic to the Iberian Peninsula is currently facing several human-caused threats which enhance their risk of extinction. The populations of the critically endangered Achondrostoma occidentale, occurring only in three small and intermittent Portuguese river basins, have been reinforced with fish bred ex-situ in order to minimize their risk of extinction. This study aimed to describe the restocking actions conducted and to identify and characterize the summer refugia that should become targets for restoration and further restocking. The results evidence population increments and a high representativeness of younger age classes in the restocked populations. The importance of annual monitoring of fish abundance to assess how the species is coping with the stochastic and deterministic stressors that may eventually compromise its survival is highlighted.
Homegardens in north-eastern Portugal: former features, roles, gendered knowledge and practices
Authors: Carvalho Ana Maria
Published: May 2018

This study describes general homegardens former features and primary functions in a protected rural area of the North-eastern Portugal, the Natural Park of Montesinho, and focuses on fundamental socio-cultural roles intertwined with economic and ecological purposes registered during a three year period, from 2002 to 2005, using ethnographic methodologies. The gendered nature of local homegardens is also discussed: former homegardens used to be female domains managed according to female values and ideals. Thus, gendered knowledge and women’s intentions and practices are reported throughout the text. Homegarden practices have maintained for a long time traditional knowledge, local culture and techniques and plant varieties. The complex structure and intertwined roles of Montesinho homegardens have been neglected by research and rural development professionals, perhaps because women, who were the primary experts and knowledge holders, were often marginalised Changes in rural societies and the modernisation of lifestyles have affected homegardens' relevance, roles and management and have influenced gardeners' behaviour, the persistence and transmission of traditional knowledge and homegardens prevalence as important garden sites. However, some participants considered that with new economic opportunities such as agritourism and organic produce, and the limited alternatives in rural areas, that situation could reverse in the medium term. In this instance, transmission of homegardening knowledge and practice would be vital.
Limitações à aplicação do instrumento "redução das emissões por desmatamento e da degradação florestal (REDD)"
Authors: Reis Neto Afonso Feitosa , Araújo Maria do Socorro Bezerra de
Published: May 2018

As mudanças climáticas exigem que novas medidas para preservação dos recursos naturais sejam adotadas por grande parte dos países do mundo. Dentre as novas ferramentas, surgiu no âmbito da Conferência das Partes (COP) o instrumento denominado Redução de Emissões por Desmatamento e da Degradação de Florestas (REDD) que tem como objetivo pagar por serviços relacionados à preservação de florestas nativas através da conversão do carbono estocado em créditos de carbono. Apesar das inúmeras vantagens que tal instrumento pode propiciar, como por exemplo, a participação/remuneração das comunidades tradicionais e indígenas, algumas dificuldades na sua aplicação ainda podem ser encontradas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar limitações na implantação do REDD a partir de experiências em países onde este instrumento está estabelecido. Foram analisados os principais documentos e diplomas legais internacionais e nacionais ligados ao tema. Foi constatado que as principais limitações estão relacionadas à falta de diálogo com as comunidades diretamente envolvidas no processo e a sua não inclusão nas tomadas de decisão e no gerenciamento dos projetos utilizando o instrumento REED.
Diversity of Coprinus species in North-Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Authors: Singh Ravinder Pal , Pal Aradhana , Singh Pooja , N.N. Tripathi
Published: May 2018

Gorakhpur is an ‘oriental region’ providing a profusion of habitats, which features diverse biota with a high level of endemism. The region is an important sub-centre for the origin of mushrooms, the most important among the macrofungi. Studies on the taxonomy and diversity of macrofungi are gaining importance as many macrofungi are becoming extinct and facing threat of extinction because of climate change effects and habitat alteration. The present study was undertaken w.e.f. March 2014 to July 2016 in different localities of Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh, India to collect the samples of macrofungi describing the systemic position and taxonomic identification. This paper deals with the collections of genus Coprinus made from various localities of Gorakhpur and all the collected macrofungal species belonging to the family Coprinaceae. Presently, 14 Coprinus species, viz., Coprinus atramentarius, C. comatus, C. congregates, C. disseminates, C. domesticus, C. extinctorius, C. hemerobius, C. heterosetulosus, C. impatiens, C. lagopus, C. leiocephalus, C. micaceus, C. radiates and C. truncorum were collected and identified on the basis of their morphological and microscopic characters.
Systematic studies (morphology, anatomy, palynology) of an economically important grass Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv. (Poaceae)
Authors: Dwari Saurav , Mondal Amal Kumar
Published: May 2018

Sporobolus diandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv, a medicinally important agrestal which is also considered as a fodder grass in eastern India. The species commonly used as green foliage; grazing and medicinal plants to local peoples. But the morphological study of this plant was very poor and there was no anatomical and palynological study. The present study deals with few systematic parameters viz. morphology, anatomy, palynology of Sporobolusdiandrus (Retz.) P. Beauv. The result shows some distinct morphological and anatomical as well as palynological characters. These characters are very important for proper and rapid identification.
Diversity of AM fungi in certain ornamental plants growing at different sites of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Authors: Srivastava Pragya , Kehri Harbans Kaur
Published: May 2018

Use of flowers in Indian cultural and religious purposes has a central place in people’s daily lifestyle. In India, increasing demand and supply of various types of flowers opened a vast scope for the production of flowers. In the present study, five important ornamental plants were collected from five different sites of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh for the survey purpose to investigate arbuscular mycorrhizal status and diversity. All the ornamental plant species were found to be mycorrhizal but the magnitude of infection varied with the sites, plants species as well as stages of plant growth. A total of 38 species belonging to four different genera of AM fungi were isolated. Glomus was recorded as the most dominant genus with 22 species, followed by Acaulospora with 14 species, sporocarp of Sclerocystis sinuosa and Scutellospora with a single unidentified species. Study of Shannon Weiner diversity index, Species richness and Species evenness also carried out in all the five sites. Diversity of all the sites showed less variation indicating a stable and a diverse fungal community.
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures of Gentiana kurroo Royle.
Authors: Kaushal Shiwani , Sidana Arushdeep
Published: May 2018

Gentiana kurroo Royle, native to North- Western Himalayas, is one of the critically endangered perennial herbs, which is being overexploited due to its multiple medicinal uses. The goal of this work was to develop a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration through cell suspension culture. Selected ranges of plant growth regulators were experimented for somatic embryogenesis. Light micrographs of the established suspension cell cultures of somatic embryos at different developmental stages were also observed under light microscope. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the leaf explants and the maximum induction frequency (97.2%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of NAA, BAP and TDZ. Cell suspension cultures were established in MS liquid medium containing IAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1.0 mg/l) with 89-93% viable cells. Transfer of cotyledonary somatic embryos to the MS agar medium containing 2, 4-D (0.4 mg/l) and KN (1.5 mg/l) resulted in somatic embryogenesis at high frequencies (80%) with an average of 28 ± 0.2 embryos/ callus piece. After transfer onto the half strength MS medium without growth regulators approximately 80-90% somatic embryos developed into complete plantlets. The protocol described here could be used for somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, isolation of protoplasts and large-scale propagation of G. kurroo.
Predicting Caller Type From a Mental Health and Well-Being Helpline: Analysis of Call Log Data
Authors: Grigorash Alexander , O'Neill Siobhan , Bond Raymond , Ramsey Colette , Armour Cherie , Mulvenna Maurice D
Published: May 2018

Background

This paper presents an analysis of call data records pertaining to a telephone helpline in Ireland among individuals seeking mental health and well-being support and among those who are in a suicidal crisis.

Objective

The objective of our study was to examine whether rule sets generated from decision tree classification, trained using features derived from callers’ several initial calls, could be used to predict what caller type they would become.

Methods

Machine learning techniques were applied to the call log data, and five distinct patterns of caller behaviors were revealed, each impacting the helpline capacity in different ways.

Results

The primary findings of this study indicate that a significant model (P<.001) for predicting caller type from call log data obtained from the first 8 calls is possible. This indicates an association between callers’ behavior exhibited during initial calls and their behavior over the lifetime of using the service.

Conclusions

These data-driven findings contribute to advanced workload forecasting for operational management of the telephone-based helpline and inform the literature on helpline caller behavior in general.
Análisis del hambre en el estado de Zacatecas bajo el modelo de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios
Authors: Mballa Louis Valentin , Sauceda Quintero Arely Yesenia
Published: May 2018

El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer un análisis cuantitativo de la problemática del hambre en el estado de Zacatecas en México. Las variables tomadas en cuenta para la realización del modelo son años de escolaridad, habitantes por vivienda, Valor Agregado Bruto, Población Económica Activa, Producto Interno Bruto y número de hectáreas cosechadas, en cada uno de los 58 municipios de Zacatecas. A través de una recategorización del Método de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO) se llega a la conclusión de que el número de habitantes por vivienda es el factor más importante al momento de determinar la probabilidad de padecer hambre en dicho estado.
Desempeño fiscal municipal del estado de Sinaloa: Propuesta de índice sintético para evaluaciones fiscales
Authors: Madrigal Delgado Guadalupe de Jesus , Camacho Castro Carmen , Gonzalez Franco Ruben Antonio , Bueno Cevada Luis Enrique
Published: May 2018

Las evaluaciones al desempeño fiscal de los municipios son importantes para mejorar las políticas en materia de ingresos y gastos, así comopara fortalecer las finanzas municipales. Este estudio presenta la evaluación de los municipios de Sinaloa, mediante la construcción de un índice sintético determinado por una serie de indicadores simples que evalúa cuantitativamente el desempeño en materia fiscal de los gobiernos locales. Los resultados muestran un índice de desempeño mejor en la zona centro, centro-norte y parte del norte del estado de Sinaloa, mientras la sur (excepto Mazatlán), centro-sur, noroeste y parte del norte tienen un índice sintético más bajo.
El arduo proceso de reinserción laboral de los retornados en la periferia globalizada
Authors: Corona Jiménez Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo muestra las condiciones de reinserción laboral de migrantes de retorno en el “próspero” municipio de Cuautlancingo, Puebla, lugar de enclaves trasnacionales automotrices conectados con la globalización. La estrategia metodológica comprendió una encuesta, una tipología, un concepto integrador de reinserción laboral y el análisis del uso de las remesas y de los ahorros de los retornados. Los resultados refieren que dicho proceso ha sido difícil, no igual para mujeres y hombres, y un tanto diferente para quienes regresaron de manera definitiva voluntaria, que para los que regresaron bajo condiciones forzadas o voluntariamente pero sin metas cumplidas, en un contexto de periferia globalizada.
Captura de plusvalías, regularización de edificios y aglomeraciones turísticas en Guadalajara
Authors: Verduzco Chávez Basilio , Valenzuela María Basilia
Published: May 2018

Este artículo evalúa un programa de cuotas de impactos del municipio de Guadalajara, Jalisco, con el que se regularizan acciones urbanísticas construidas violando la zonificación vigente. Para identificar las aportaciones del programa a la formación de distritos de negocios y turismo y su eficiencia como instrumento de captura de plusvalía, se evalúan el diseño del programa y sus avances entre marzo de 2016 y septiembre de 2017. Se concluye que el programa contribuye pobremente a formar aglomeraciones turísticas y distritos de negocios, debido a que contiene sesgos e ineficiencias como instrumento de captura de plusvalía que ayude a reducir la desigualdad social urbana.
Medición de la eficiencia de la Innovación 2013-2016 mediante el análisis envolvente de datos (AED) en red dinámica
Authors: Zamora Torres América Ivonne , Favila Tello Antonio
Published: May 2018

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar la eficiencia respecto a la evaluación de la generación, difusión e impacto del conocimiento e innovación en un grupo de 33 países; utilizando el análisis envolvente de datos en red dinámica (AED). La hipótesis planteada señala que, las instituciones, el capital humano y la infraestructura, generan, la sofisticación del mercado y empresarial, los cuales generan a su vez: productos del conocimiento y la tecnología, creación, impacto y difusión del conocimiento.  Los resultados sugieren que el país más eficiente es Irlanda. Para el caso mexicano es posible detectar una brecha de eficiencia al obtener valores cercanos a 0.64.
HACIA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA CULTURA DE PAZ EN LAS ESCUELAS
Authors: Ventura Soriano Leticia , Torres Ruiz Yanith Betsabé
Published: May 2018

La construcción de una cultura de paz representa un horizonte de posibilidades para mejorar la convivencia en las escuelas. La apuesta para que las escuelas sean espacios para la construcción de una cultura de paz responde a una necesidad que existe ante los cambios en la convivencia que se viven dentro y fuera de ellas, y para fortalecer su papel social e individual. Los docentes pueden ser la pauta, como promotores de la cultura de paz, lo cual no implica centrar la construcción de ésta en ellos, sino una posibilidad para abordarla, y mostrar que los propios sujetos son capaces de transformar su entorno inmediato. Este artículo proporciona una mirada de aspectos a considerar, para la construcción de una cultura de paz, tomando como referente la experiencia en el acompañamiento de prácticas de intervención de profesores, en las escuelas de educación básica, en la Ciudad de México.
VIOLENCIA Y PAZ EN COLOMBIA: UNA MIRADA DESDE LA REPRODUCCIÓN DEL CAPITAL EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Giraldo Durán Angélica , Gutiérrez Álvarez del Castillo Adrián
Published: May 2018

En el contexto actual de la implementación de los Acuerdos de Paz en Colombia, resulta pertinente elaborar reflexiones que permitan la comprensión de los procesos cambiantes que han determinado la violencia en este país, así como la identificación de sus fundamentos en el conjunto de la sociedad actual. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este documento es hacer explícita la relación que existe entre la violencia colombiana y las formas que ha adoptado la reproducción del capital en Colombia desde el siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. De ese modo, proponemos, en primer lugar, un acercamiento a las especificidades de la violencia en dos momentos históricos que guardan relación con el establecimiento y cambio de los patrones que han guiado la reproducción del capital en el país; en segundo lugar, analizamos el contexto actual en el que se desarrolla el conflicto armado colombiano; y a partir de ello, finalmente, identificamos los puntos en común, las divergencias y los intereses que subyacen en el tratamiento que se le ha dado a la violencia y a la paz en los proyectos políticos de los dos últimos gobiernos.