bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative Deprivation, Absolute Deprivation, and Homicide: Testing an Interaction Between Income Inequality and Disadvantage
Authors: Burraston Bert , Watts Stephen J. , McCutcheon James C. , Province Karli
Published: June 2018

Both relative and absolute deprivation have effects on crime. These two concepts may be complementary, but much scholarship has treated them as separate. The present study assesses whether the effects of relative and absolute deprivation, measured as income inequality and disadvantage, respectively, interact in their effect on known homicide counts in U.S. counties. A multilevel regression model shows that there is a significant interaction between income inequality and disadvantage predicting homicide counts known to police. The plot of this interaction shows that when disadvantage is extremely high, increasing income inequality does not increase known homicides. The less disadvantage there is, the greater the effect of increasing income inequality on homicide counts in U.S. counties. This finding suggests that the effect of relative deprivation on known homicide is contingent on levels of absolute deprivation and vice versa. The implication of this finding is discussed.
The impact of parental status on the visibility and evaluations of politicians
Authors: Campbell Rosie , Cowley Philip
Published: June 2018

In increasingly personalised electoral contests, voters use evaluations of candidates’ personal characteristics in their vote decisions, and candidates deploy personal information about themselves which they believe convey a positive message in their communications with voters. We expand the study of candidate characteristics to include parental status, examining the public’s view of politicians with and without children and the behaviour of politicians in their communications with voters. Men and women are equally likely to refer to their children regardless of party. We find a preference for candidates who are parents and no punishment effect for women politicians with children. Our findings, from a British study, contradict some of the research from the United States which finds that voters’ reactions to candidates’ parental status vary depending on candidate gender; as such, our results suggest that political and cultural context are important factors determining the role gender plays in political behaviour.
Gender and anthropometric effects on whole-body vibration power absorption of the seated body
Authors: Dewangan KN , Rakheja S , Marcotte P
Published: June 2018

The gender and anthropometric effects on vibration absorbed power characteristics of the seated body are investigated through measurements with 31 males and 27 females considering two different back support conditions, and three levels of vertical vibration (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 m/s2 rms acceleration) in the 0.5–20 Hz frequency range. The absorbed power responses for the males and females revealed strong gender effect, which could be mostly related to differences in body mass of the two groups. Subsequent analyses were conducted considering different datasets grouped corresponding to three ranges of the body mass-, build-, and stature-related parameters for both the males and females. Notable differences were evident in the absorbed power responses of the males and females with comparable anthropometric dimensions. Males revealed significantly higher peak and total absorbed power responses compared to the females of comparable anthropometric dimensions, except for the lean body mass. The differences, however, were relatively small in the data for males and females of comparable body mass. The peak power for the females, invariably, occurred at a lower frequency than that for the males. The total absorbed power responses revealed some degree of correlations with the body mass, lean body mass, body fat, and hip circumference ( r2>0.60), irrespective of the back support condition and excitation magnitude for both the genders.
Acute necrotising pancreatitis – early management in the district general hospital and tertiary hepato-pancreatico-biliary unit
Authors: Lahiri Rajiv P , Karanjia Nariman D
Published: June 2018

Acute pancreatitis is a common general surgical emergency presentation. Up to 20% of cases are severe and can involve necrosis with high associated morbidity and mortality. It is most commonly due to gallstones and excess alcohol consumption. All patients with acute pancreatitis need to be scored for severity and patients with severe acute pancreatitis should be managed on the high dependency unit. The mainstay of early treatment is supportive, with care to ensure strict fluid balance and optimisation of end organ perfusion. There is no role for early antibiotic use in acute necrotising pancreatitis and antibiotics should only be used in the presence of positive cultures. Nutritional support is vitally important in improving outcomes in necrotising pancreatitis. This should ideally be provided enterally using an naso-jejunal tube if the patient cannot tolerate oral intake. Patients with significant early necrosis, persisting organ dysfunction, infected walled off necrosis requiring intervention or haemorrhagic pancreatitis should be referred to a regional hepato-pancreatico-biliary unit for advice or transfer. Percutaneous and endoscopic necrosectomy has replaced open surgery due to improved outcomes. Acute necrotising pancreatitis remains a complex surgical emergency with high morbidity and mortality that requires a multidisciplinary approach to attain optimum outcomes. The mainstay of treatment is supportive care and nutritional support. Patients with significant pancreatic necrosis or infected collections requiring drainage require input from a tertiary HPB unit to guide management.
Exploring the Impact of a Dual Occupancy Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on Staff Workflow, Activity, and Their Perceptions
Authors: Broom Margaret , Kecskes Zsuzsoka , Kildea Sue , Gardner Anne
Published: June 2018

In 2012, a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) transitioned from an open plan (OP) to a dual occupancy (DO) NICU. The DO design aimed to provide a developmental appropriate, family-centered environment for neonates and their families. During planning, staff questioned the impact DO would have on staff workflow and activity. To explore the impact of changing from an OP to a DO NICU, a prospective longitudinal study was undertaken from 2011 to 2014, using observational, time and motion, and surveys methods. Main outcome measures included distance walked by staff, minutes of staff activity, and staff perceptions of the DO design. Results highlighted no significant difference in the distances clinical nurses walked nor time spent providing direct clinical care, whereas technical support staff walked further than other staff in both designs. Staff perceived the DO design created a developmentally appropriate, family-centered environment that facilitated communication and collaboration between staff and families. Staff described the main challenges of the DO design such as effective staff communication, gaining educational opportunities, and the isolation of staff and families compared to the OP design. Our study provides new evidence that DO provides an improved developmentally environment and has similar positive benefits to single-family room for neonates and families. Such design may reduce the larger floor plan’s impact on staff walking distance and work practices. Challenges of staff transition can be minimized by planning and leadership throughout the development and move to a new design.
Book review: Social Justice and Legal Education. Edited by Chris Ashford and Paul Mckeown
Authors: Mitra Sandipan
Published: June 2018

Social Justice and Legal Education. Edited by Chris Ashford and Paul Mckeown, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle, 2018, 325 Pp. + vi. £70, ISBN 978-1-5275-0646-6
Marijuana Use Among Adults 50 Years or Older in the 21st Century
Authors: Lloyd Shawnta L. , Striley Catherine W.
Published: June 2018

Background: Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug among older adults. As an older population grows in the United States that has a tolerant attitude toward marijuana use, the dynamics of marijuana use and the effects of marijuana on personal, social, and health outcomes among older adults require attention. Objectives: This review summarizes epidemiological literature on marijuana use among older adults. Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, AgeLine, and an online search engine from January 2000 to December 2017, resulting in 18 articles. Results: The greatest increase in marijuana use was observed among those in the older adult population 50 years or older, and those 65 years or older had the greatest increase in marijuana use in the older adult population. Common correlates of marijuana use among those in the older population included being male, being unmarried, having multiple chronic diseases, having psychological stress, and using other substances such as alcohol, tobacco, other illicit drugs, and prescription drugs. Conclusion: The increased use of marijuana in older populations requires surveillance and additional research to understand the use and effects of marijuana in older populations to avoid negative health outcomes.
National Cancer Grid of India Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Chopra Supriya J. , Mathew Ashwathy , Maheshwari Amita , Bhatla Neerja , Singh Shalini , Rai Bhawana , Surappa Shylasree T. , Ghosh Jaya , Sharma Dayanand , Bhaumik Jaydip , Biswas Manash , Deodhar Kedar , Popat Palak , Giri Sushil , Mahantshetty Umesh , Tongaonkar Hemant , Billimaga Ramesh , Engineer Reena , Grover Surbhi , Pedicayil Abraham , Bajpai Jyoti , Rekhi Bharat , Alihari Aruna , Babu Govind , Thangrajan Rajkumar , Menon Santosh , Shah Sneha , Palled Sidhanna , Kulkarni Yogesh , Gulia Seema , Naidu Lavanya , Thakur Meenakshi , Rangrajan Venkatesh , Kerkar Rajendra , Gupta Sudeep , Shrivastava Shyam K.
Published: June 2018

Standard guidelines for the management of early and locally advanced cervical cancer are available from various academic consortiums nationally and internationally. However, implementing standard-of-care treatment poses unique challenges within low- and middle-income countries, such as India, where diverse clinical care practices may exist. The National Cancer Grid, a consortium of 108 institutions in India, aims to homogenize care for patients with cervical cancer by achieving consensus on not only imaging and management, but also in addressing potential solutions to prevalent challenges that affect the homogenous implementation of standard-of-care treatment. These guidelines therefore represent a consensus statement of the National Cancer Grid gynecologic cancer expert group and will assist in homogenization of the therapeutic management of patients with cervical cancer in India.
Retina-specific loss of Ikbkap/Elp1 causes mitochondrial dysfunction that leads to selective retinal ganglion cell degeneration in a mouse model of familial dysautonomia
Authors: Ueki Yumi , Shchepetkina Veronika , Lefcort Frances
Published: June 2018

Familial dysautonomia (FD) is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by developmental and progressive neuropathies. It is caused by an intronic point-mutation in the IKBKAP/ELP1 gene, which encodes the inhibitor of κB kinase complex-associated protein (IKAP, also called ELP1), a component of the elongator complex. Owing to variation in tissue-specific splicing, the mutation primarily affects the nervous system. One of the most debilitating hallmarks of FD that affects patients' quality of life is progressive blindness. To determine the pathophysiological mechanisms that are triggered by the absence of IKAP in the retina, we generated retina-specific Ikbkap conditional knockout (CKO) mice using Pax6-Cre, which abolished Ikbkap expression in all cell types of the retina. Although sensory and autonomic neuropathies in FD are known to be developmental in origin, the loss of IKAP in the retina did not affect its development, demonstrating that IKAP is not required for retinal development. The loss of IKAP caused progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by 1 month of age. Mitochondrial membrane integrity was breached in RGCs, and later in other retinal neurons. In Ikbkap CKO retinas, mitochondria were depolarized, and complex I function and ATP were significantly reduced. Although mitochondrial impairment was detected in all Ikbkap-deficient retinal neurons, RGCs were the only cell type to degenerate; the survival of other retinal neurons was unaffected. This retina-specific FD model is a useful in vivo model for testing potential therapeutics for mitigating blindness in FD. Moreover, our data indicate that RGCs and mitochondria are promising targets.
Regulation of Smoothened ubiquitylation and cell surface expression through a Cul4–DDB1–Gβ E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
Authors: Li Shuang , Cho Yong Suk , Wang Bing , Li Shuangxi , Jiang Jin
Published: June 2018

Hedgehog (Hh) transduces signals by promoting cell surface accumulation and activation of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-family protein Smoothened (Smo) in Drosophila, but the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of Smo trafficking remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the Cul4–DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex as being essential for Smo ubiquitylation and cell surface clearance. We found that the C-terminal intracellular domain of Smo recruits Cul4–DDB1 through the β subunit of trimeric G protein (Gβ), and that Cul4–DDB1–Gβ promotes the ubiquitylation of both Smo and its binding partner G-protein-coupled-receptor kinase 2 (Gprk2) and induces the internalization and degradation of Smo. Hh dissociates Cul4–DDB1 from Smo by recruiting the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) to phosphorylate DDB1, which disrupts its interaction with Gβ. Inactivation of the Cul4–DDB1 complex resulted in elevated Smo cell surface expression, whereas an excessive amount of Cul4–DDB1 blocked Smo accumulation and attenuated Hh pathway activation. Taken together, our study identifies an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex targeting Smo for ubiquitylation and provides new insight into how Hh signaling regulates Smo trafficking and cell surface expression.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA AGENDA 21 NO CENTRO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL MONTE VERDE EM TERESINA/PI - (BRASIL)
Authors: Napolis Patricia Maria Martins , Curvo Lucimar Rodrigues Vieira , Luca Alexander Stein de , Lima Aguinel Messias de , Ferreira Gecilene , Gomez Luis Paoli Schiffino , Alencar Sonia Biaggi Alvez de
Published: June 2018

A Educação Ambiental surge no âmbito da sociedade como uma necessidade, devido à gravidade da degradação do meio natural e social. É uma educação garantida por lei para todos os níveis de ensino que oportuniza ao educando acesso a informações e desenvolvimento de uma reflexão crítica acerca da realidade à qual pertence. Desde o surgimento do homem na Terra, vêm se percebendo diversos tipos de impactos ambientais, que estão se multiplicando ao longo do tempo. O ser humano demonstra não refletir sobre as consequências de suas ações sobre o meio ambiente. Na Educação Infantil, o Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil (Brasil, 1998) orienta os professores a trabalharem de modo a ampliar as experiências das crianças, mostrando os diversos modos de explicar e representar o mundo. Este trabalho teve tem como principal objetivo pesquisar as possibilidades de implantar a Agenda 21 escolar (Brasil, 2003) no Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI) Monte Verde, procurando desenvolver processo de investigação a respeito das implicações da Agenda 21 escolar nos processos de ensino/aprendizagem, analisar as concepções dos limites e possibilidades da utilização da Agenda 21 escolar no cotidiano da sala de aula pelos profissionais da educação do CMEI Monte Verde e identificar o interesse das crianças pela preservação do meio ambiente. A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida e sistematizada a partir de uma investigação de natureza qualitativa de caráter exploratório e se configura como um Estudo de Campo. Para o seu desenvolvimento foram implementadas estratégias de investigação, como: pesquisa bibliográfica (GIL, 2002) e análises dos mesmos, entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante. Constatamos durante a pesquisa que as crianças possuem um entendimento e percepções acerca das questões de meio ambiente, carregam com elas curiosidades e duvidas que não foram atendidas, além de estarem cientes dos problemas ambientais que ocorrem em sua comunidade. As professoras e a equipe escolar, mostram bastante interesse em ensinar seus alunos sobre meio ambiente e possuem um espaço amplo e adequado para isso, mas não possuem a formação adequada para tal.
ANÁLISE DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DAS CERTIFICAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS AOS DESAFIOS DA AGENDA 2030
Authors: Fischer Nunes Kita Monica
Published: June 2018

O conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável vem evoluindo nos debates e conferências da ONU desde a década de 70. Em 2015, o Fórum Político de Alto Nível da organização elaborou a Agenda 2030, um plano de ação com objetivos e metas de sustentabilidade a serem cumpridos pelos países-membros. O setor da Construção Civil, um dos mais importantes da economia do país por sua participação na geração de emprego e no PIB, gera grande impacto ambiental através da extensa extração de recursos naturais e da poluição produzida por suas atividades. Por esses motivos, tem um papel importante no cumprimento dessas metas. Este artigo analisa como as certificações ambientais mais conhecidas no mercado podem contribuir com as metas da Agenda através de suas estratégias de projeto, construção e operação de edificações que ajudam a mitigar os impactos ambientais e a promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social proposto. A partir de revisão da literatura existente, o artigo analisa os desafios da Agenda e os compara às estratégias propostas pelas certificações, concluindo que 16 das 169 metas do documento são influenciados positivamente por elas. E, finalmente, considera que a inclusão do ensino de estratégias de projeto e construções sustentáveis nos cursos técnicos e graduações e a intensificação da legislação podem não só contribuir com as metas existentes, mas também com os desafios que ainda virão.
TRANSPORTE FERROVIÁRIO PARA MOBILIDADE URBANA SUSTENTÁVEL: UM PANORAMA MUNDIAL
Authors: Tischer Vinicius
Published: June 2018

Os impactos decorrentes de um modelo de transportes urbanos fundamentado no uso de carros particulares vêm causando inúmeras externalidades econômicas sociais e ambientais. Nesse sentido, há uma necessidade de repensar sobre novas abordagens e modais de transportes para o planejamento urbano de forma mais sustentável e que promovam melhorias na qualidade de vida, qualidade ambiental e promovam uma melhora na competitividade econômica dos municípios brasileiros. O artigo destacou a utilização de transporte ferroviário como modal promotor de impactos positivos no contexto urbano, tendo por objetivo determinar um panorama do transporte ferroviário urbano em nível mundial, relacionando características demográficas e a extensão da infraestrutura existente. Foi realizada compilação de dados de infraestrutura ferroviária urbana em municípios ao longo do mundo que apresentam esta infraestrutura implementada, correlacionando estes com variáveis demográficas, tais como a densidade demográfica, avaliando comparativamente com municípios brasileiros. Obtiveram-se resultados importantes que permitiram identificar as regiões com maior concentração da infraestrutura, por tipologia de capacidade de carga do modal ferroviário, além de gerar discussão acerca da utilização do modal no cenário brasileiro.
The rise of historical and cultural perspectives in fashion studies in Japan
Authors: Fujishima Yoko , Sakura Osamu
Published: June 2018

This article seeks to clarify the historical process by which the study of western clothing developed in Japan, and to discuss how this has related to traditional Japanese clothing culture. From this perspective, the study of dress and fashion in Japan will be seen in conjunction with the processes by which the Japanese fashion industry adopted western clothes into its own fashion culture. In the 1970s, a strong desire to promote further development of the fashion industry fuelled the advancement of research that looked at clothing from a historical and cultural perspective. The symbolic event at the origin of this paradigm shift was a large fashion exhibition titled The Origin of Contemporary Fashion (held in 1975 at the National Museum of Modern Art in Kyoto), and the 1978 establishment of the Kyoto Costume Institute (KCI) as mécénat (corporate patronage of the arts and culture) of a lingerie company. The KCI was strongly influenced by western museums and referred to accumulated knowledge in western academia. Thus, the exhibition and the establishment of the KCI will be seen in this article as the link between western and Japanese fashion studies. The fact that this significant transition in fashion studies was driven by the fashion industry has had both positive and negative effects. The KCI’s role as a mécénat organization made it possible to attract the newest forms of fashion exhibition from western countries and to establish a research institute promptly. On the other hand, the KCI’s role in promoting the study of fashion has complicated the relationship between academic research and the interests of the fashion industry, which they also stood for and were interested in developing.
The optimal rate of return for defined contribution pension systems in a stochastic framework
Authors: Angrisani Massimo , di Nella Giovanni , di Palo Cinzia , Pianese Augusto
Published: June 2018

This paper deals with the problem of the optimal rate of return to be paid by a defined contribution pension system to its participants’ savings, namely the rate that achieves the goal of the most favorable returns on their contributions jointly with the sustainability of the pension system.

We consider defined contribution pension systems provided with a funded component, and for their study we use the “theory of the logical sustainability of pension systems” already developed in several previous works. In this paper, we focus on pension systems in a demographically stable state, whereas the productivity of the active participants and the financial rate of return on the pension system’s fund, rates that constitute the “ingredients” of the optimal rate of return on contributions, are modeled by two stochastic processes.

We show that the decisional rule defining the optimal rate of return on contributions is optimal in the sense that it is effective in terms of sustainability, and also efficient in the sense that if the system pays to its participants’ contributions a rate of return that is either higher or lower than the one provided by the rule, then the pension system becomes unsustainable or overcapitalized, respectively.
Does Man Marking Influence Running Outputs and Intensity During Small-Sided Soccer Games?
Authors: Aasgaard Mats , Kilding Andrew E.
Published: June 2018

Aasgaard, M and Kilding, AE. Does man marking influence running outputs and intensity during small-sided soccer games? J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3266–3274, 2020—Small-sided games (SSGs) are considered an effective training tool for physical development in soccer. Small-sided games can be modified in several ways to manipulate the physical demands to best match the game demands, player characteristics, and session objectives. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological, perceptual, and Global Positioning System (GPS)–derived time-motion characteristics of man marking (MM) vs. non–man marking (NMM) in 2v2, 3v3, and 4v4 SSGs. In an acute crossover design, 8 amateur soccer players (mean age ± SD: 23.6 ± 3.3 years) played 2v2, 3v3, and 4v4 SSGs consisting of 4 × 4-minute bouts, with 2-minute passive recovery. During all SSGs, players wore a heart rate (HR) monitor and GPS unit and reported their rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Average percent HR (%HRave) induced small to moderate effects with MM compared with NMM (%Δ = 1–2.7%; effect size [ES] = 0.22–0.65). Comparisons between MM formats indicated a decrease in %HRave with increased player numbers (%Δ = 1.6–3.5%; ES = 0.39–0.86). Perceptual load increased with MM compared with NMM (%Δ = 6.7–17.6%; ES = 0.66–2.09), whereas increases in player numbers (MM only) reduced RPE output (%Δ = 9.4–24.3%; ES = 1.14–3.61). Time-motion characteristics revealed substantially greater total distance covered in MM irrespective of player number (%Δ = 6.8–14.7%; ES = 1.34–2.82). There were very likely increases in distances covered at striding (13.1–17.8 km·h−1) (%Δ: 23.4–33.2; ES = 2.42–4.35) and high-intensity running (HIR) (17.9–21 km·h−1) (%Δ: 47.3–104; ES = 0.91–1.68) for MM compared with NMM irrespective of player number. In conclusion, MM substantially elevated perceptual load and distances from striding to HIR regardless of player number, whereas differences between NMM and MM for internal load remain unclear. Use of MM may allow coaches to condition for particularly demanding phases of the game and prescription of larger SSG formats to increase distance covered at higher velocities.
Hyperandrogenism Enhances Muscle Strength After Progressive Resistance Training, Independent of Body Composition, in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Kogure Gislaine S. , Silva Rafael C. , Miranda-Furtado Cristiana L. , Ribeiro Victor B. , Pedroso Daiana C.C. , Melo Anderson S. , Ferriani Rui A. , Reis Rosana Maria dos
Published: June 2018

Kogure, GS, Silva, RC, Miranda-Furtado, CL, Ribeiro, VB, Pedroso, DCC, Melo, AS, Ferriani, RA, and Reis, RMd. Hyperandrogenism enhances muscle strength after progressive resistance training, independent of body composition, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2651–2660, 2018—The effects of resistance exercise on muscle strength, body composition, and increase in cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle (hypertrophy) were evaluated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This case-control study included 45 PCOS and 52 non-PCOS women, with age between 18–37 years and body mass index of 18–39.9 kg·m−2. Subjects performed a program of progressive resistance training (PRT), 3 times per week for 4 months. Biochemical characteristics were measured before and after PRT. Muscle strength evaluated by 1 maximum repetition test and body composition and hypertrophy indicator, evaluated by anthropometry, were measured at baseline, at 8 weeks, and at 16 weeks after PRT. Progressive resistance training produced an increase in maximum strength (bench press, p = 0.04; leg extension, p = 0.04) in the PCOS group; however, no changes were observed in body composition between groups. Concentration of testosterone decreased in both PCOS and non-PCOS groups (p < 0.01, both) after PRT, as well as glycemia (PCOS, p = 0.01; non-PCOS, p = 0.02) and body fat percentage (p < 0.01, both). An increase in hypertrophy indicators, lean body mass (LBM), and maximum strength on all exercises was observed in both PCOS and non-PCOS groups (p < 0.01). This training protocol promoted increases in muscle strength in PCOS women, and improved hyperandrogenism and body composition by decreasing body fat and increasing LBM and muscle strength in both PCOS and non-PCOS groups. Therefore, it is suggested that resistance exercise programs could promote health and fitness in women of reproductive age, especially functional capacity of strength those with PCOS.
A Test Method for Measuring Floc Size of Slurry
Authors: Wu Silin , Zhu Wei , Min Fanlu , Fan Xihui
Published: June 2018

Large amounts of waste slurry are produced in geotechnical engineering construction that need to be dewatered. Flocculation is typically introduced to improve the dewatering efficiency, and the floc size is a significant parameter for dewatering. Floc size distribution can be measured off-line using a laser particle analyzer. However, it has been observed that mechanical agitation during measurement can cause breakage of the flocs, potentially leading to measurement errors. The current study presents a method for measuring floc size more precisely. An Erlenmeyer flask placed on a platform shaker is used as the dispersion unit instead of the conventional dispersion unit provided by the laser particle analyzer. Flocs are mixed by hydraulic agitation provided by the platform shaker. A peristaltic pump is used to pump the suspension from the Erlenmeyer flask to the laser particle analyzer. Additionally, this article evaluates the accuracy of the off-line in situ floc size measurement method with the laser particle analyzer. A photography and image analysis, which can quantify the floc size distribution, is used to compare the results obtained from the hydraulic agitation method and the in situ method. The experimental results reveal that the hydraulic agitation method is a reliable method for measuring floc size distribution with small aggregate breakage (<10 %). The in situ method, in contrast, generates errors with severe breakage and inhomogeneous aggregate breakage (10 %–55 %).
Temperature Estimations in Elastohydrodynamic Contacts of Tribochemical Processes: A Comparative Study Using Modeling by Mechanical/Wear Process Mechanisms and Chemical Kinetic Modeling
Authors: Shah Raj , Klager Cindy , Kelly Jesse
Published: June 2018

This article deals with the subject of thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) and how temperatures can be estimated in elastohydrodynamic contacts. An attempt has been made to explain why it is essential to study temperature effects in EHL, and the process of thermal EHL modeling has been elucidated by solving a simple thermal EHL model. The temperatures obtained from this simple model seem to agree well with published literature. A comprehensive literature review of the numerous studies in thermal EHL modeling with particular emphasis on recent developments in this field has been presented. The second part of this comprehensive study includes a comparison between temperatures in the EHL contact as obtained by mechanical models and a chemical model, which will be discussed. The contact temperature required to consume the lubricant by oxidation during a microsample wear test is determined by a chemical kinetic model. Finally, the discrepancy between the temperatures obtained by both the chemical kinetic model and the mechanical model is discussed, presenting various plausible explanations to account for the temperature difference.
Bias in Linear Regression Analysis of Compliance Measurements in Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture Toughness Tests
Authors: Brazill Richard L. , Donald J. Keith
Published: June 2018

When compliance methods are used to determine specimen crack size in fracture mechanics testing, accurate and unbiased determination of the slope of the linear region of the force versus the crack opening displacement (COD) curve is required. Often, the region of interest is isolated by truncation of data that lie outside either force or COD limits. Two decisions are required: which parameter to use for the truncation and which to use as the independent variable in the linear regression analysis. This article will demonstrate that the incorrect choice of independent variable for truncated data sets can lead to a systematic bias in the determination of the linear regression slope and intercept. It will be shown with Monte Carlo simulations that the independent variable for linear regression should always be the same as the truncation variable, and in this case the variation in slope will be random, with a zero mean. The magnitude of the slope bias is related to the relative noise in each variable. Not only will this lead to a bias in determining crack size, but large errors can occur when determining nonlinearity associated with crack-opening force and in the crack-compliance method for determining the crack driving force due to residual stress, Kres.
Changes in Psychological Need Fulfillment Over the Course of Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Quitasol Matthew N. , Fournier Marc A. , Di Domenico Stefano I. , Bagby R. Michael , Quilty Lena C.
Published: June 2018

Self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2017) maintains that the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are essential qualities of experience that individuals require to thrive. The present research examined the role of psychological need fulfillment in a clinical sample undergoing treatment for major depressive disorder. Fifty-one patients with a SCID-IV diagnosis for major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to 16 weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy or antidepressant medication. Depressive symptoms, cognitive errors, dysfunctional attitudes, and psychological need fulfillment were assessed at four time points (pre-treatment, week 4, week 8, and week 16). Psychological need fulfillment increased over the course of treatment and did not differ significantly between treatment conditions. Furthermore, increases in psychological need fulfillment were associated with decreases in depression severity over and above the effects of time, cognitive errors, and dysfunctional attitudes. Given the incremental predictive validity of need fulfillment, a better understanding of its role in the treatment for depression may prove beneficial to mental health researchers and practitioners.
A educação como um meio transformador da consciência histórica
Authors: Kotlinski Jaqueline , Pereira Bruno César
Published: June 2018

Os problemas enfrentados pelo ensino de História geram um grande debate na academia sobre as mais variadas formas de ensino, sendo assim o presente trabalho busca analisar um espaço que aos poucos foi intitulado de museu pela população, e que também pode ser  caracterizado como um espaço educacional não formal. O museu a ser estudado é de cunho privado, pertencente a um neto de escravo liberto, localizado na cidade de Guarapuava-PR. O Espaço contém uma grande quantidade de objetos e documentos que chegaram até ele por doações e até mesmo por herança de sua família. Utilizando de entrevistas, fotografias e demais documentos, buscamos compreender a importância desse espaço para o ensino e como ela contribui para a educação das relações Étnico-raciais que com a lei 10639/2003, se tornou obrigatório nas escolas, o ensino da história e cultura africana e afro-brasileira. Palavras-chave:  Educação; museu; relações étnico-raciais.
LEPTOSPIROSE HUMANA: UMA REVISÃO SOBRE A DOENÇA E OS FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À ZONA RURAL
Authors: Machado Gilmar Batista , Seixas Neto Amilton Clair , Dewes Caroline , Fortes Tanise Pacheco , Pacheco Paula Soares , Freitas Laís Santos , Felix Samuel Rodrigues , Silva Éverton Fagonde da
Published: June 2018

A leptospirose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial cuja transmissão às espécies suscetíveis ocorre pelo contato direto ou indireto com indivíduos infectados. A moléstia é causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira, acomete tanto humanos quanto animais. No meio rural, o risco dos humanos em adquirir a doença é maior do que para os moradores do meio urbano, principalmente pelo contato com animais domésticos, sinantrópicos e silvestres. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetivou revisar os principais estudos epidemiológicos sobre a leptospirose na área rural do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) nos últimos vinte e cinco anos, inferindo sobre a influência das atividades agropecuárias nos casos da doença em humanos. Evidencia-se que as populações rurais no RS, principalmente as localizadas na região sul e central estão mais expostas e possuem maiores chances de contrair a leptospirose, quando comparadas com a zona urbana. No RS, as atividades que envolvem longos períodos de trabalho em contato com a água e a indisponibilidade, na maioria das vezes, de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI), aumentam o risco para a contaminação com o agente. Entre os animais domésticos, destacam-se os caninos e bovinos como importantes transmissores da enfermidade para os humanos no meio rural. Além disso, falhas no saneamento e coleta de lixo favorecem a presença de roedores nas propriedades, elevando o risco para a ocorrência da doença. Assim, medidas como a reeducação, a informação sobre os principais fatores de riscos da doença e o uso de EPI podem ser utilizadas para prevenir casos graves de leptospirose no meio rural do RS.
Ideologies and Factionalism in Beijing–Hong Kong Relations
Authors: Lo Sonny Shiu-Hing
Published: June 2018

Clashes between the ideologies of pro-Beijing nationalism and pro–Hong Kong localism have become far more prominent in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region since 2013. This article explores the origins, content, and impact of the ideological conflicts between Beijing and Hong Kong.
The Geoeconomics of the Russian–Japanese Territorial Dispute
Authors: Diesen Glenn
Published: June 2018

Russia’s effort to become a geoeconomic power in Asia alters the dynamics of the territorial dispute with Japan. Both Moscow and Tokyo aim to prevent Russia’s geoeconomic “pivot to Asia” becoming merely a pivot to China. Yet, a settlement is obstructed by the growing geoeconomic value of the Southern Kurils and Japan’s lack of an autonomous foreign policy.
California's Police Professors and the Birth of Criminal Justice Education
Authors: Bañuelos Nidia
Published: June 2018

In the 1960s and '70s, police reformers lost two important battles in the struggle to develop an educated and professionalized police force. First, they were forced out of the American Society of Criminology—an organization they had founded—by sociologists. Second, the School of Criminology at Berkeley closed amid large-scale protests from students. In its heyday, the School of Criminology was the most respected program in the world for the study of police by police and for providing officers with a liberal arts education. This essay documents these failures and explains how they gave rise to criminal justice—the academic discipline that has replaced police science at colleges and universities across the United States. California law enforcement—particularly the protégés of Berkeley police chief August Vollmer—are the key actors in this story. They participated in critical conversations about the role of police in a democratic society and envisioned a future for police work that has yet to come to fruition.
Insulin Pump Best Practice Guide from the ABCD Diabetes Technology Network UK
Authors: Wilmot Emma G , Hammond Peter , Choudhary Pratik
Published: June 2018

The number of children and adults with Type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy in the UK continues to rise. However, there remains significant geographical variation in uptake. It is likely that health care professional training is a key factor driving this variation. In response, the Diabetes Technology Network UK has developed a national best practice guide to support health care professionals to develop and maintain their skills in insulin pump therapy. An overview of this guide is provided
Динаміка змін фізіологічного стану і гематологічних показників райдужної форелі під час запуску біофільтра в установках замкненого водовикористання
Authors: Grynevych N.
Published: June 2018

Наведено результати змін фізіологічного стану і гематологічних показників райдужної форелі у воді установок замкненого водопостачання. Показано, що під час запуску біофільтра УЗВ найбільша загибель малька райдужної форелі виникає з 16 по 20 добу досліду і становить 14,9% від усієї риби. При цьому вся жива риба плавала у верхніх шарах води, у ≈ 50% риби спостерігалося нервове тремтіння тіла та плавників, вона масово підпливала до місця подавання води, у ≈ 90% риби ввідмічали потемніння тіла і плавників, які були ущільнені, у ≈ 90% риби колір зябер змінювався з червоного на коричневий.З моменту запуску біофільтра і до 25 доби у крові риби знижувалася кількість еритроцитів, яка виявилася вірогідною у період з 16 по 20 добу (Р ≤ 0,05) і з 21 по 25 добу, а також вірогідно знижувався рівень гемоглобіну на 16–20 і 21–25 доби (Р ≤ 0,05).Із запуском біофільтра в присутності малька райдужної форелі у крові риб, порівняно із початком запуску біофільтра, зростає вміст метгемоглобіну: на 6–10 добу досліду на 8,8%, 11–15 добу – на 15,0%, 16–20 добу – на 26,4%, 21–25 добу – на 16,8%, 26–30 добу – на 12,8% і 31–35 добу – на 2,1%.
Зміни гематологічних та біохімічних показників крові кішок за піометри до і після лікування
Authors: Vusyk D.O.
Published: June 2018

Серед акушерських та гінекологічних захворювань одні з перших місць займають ендометрит та піометра. Для постановки діагнозу і в якості контролю лікування широко використовують клінічний і біохімічний аналізи крові. У кішок діагностика піометри частіше базується на клінічних ознаках тому, що лабораторні методи діагностики не достатньо обґрунтовані. Дослідження проводились на кафедрі хірургії Сумського національного аграрного університету та в центрі ветеринарної медицини «Хелс» міста Суми. У роботі викладені матеріали власних досліджень авторів щодо визначення морфологічного складу крові та біохімічних показників у здорових тварин та кішок за піометри. Дослідження проводили до і після проведення терапії. Визначали діагноз загальноклінічними методами результати яких підтверджували лабораторними та спеціальними методами досліджень. Для консервативного лікування кішок за піометри використовували комбінацію препаратів алізін 10 мг/кг та галапан 0,001–0,002 мг/кг в поєднанні з кобактаном. Під час морфологічного дослідження крові визначали такі показники: кількість еритроцитів, концентрацію гемоглобіну, кількість лейкоцитів, лімфоцитів, швидкість осідання еритроцитів (ШОЕ), лейкограму. Біохімічні дослідження крові проводили фотометричним способом на біохімічному аналізаторі-напівавтоматі StatFax 1804. Загальний білок, сечовину, креатинін, АЛТ, АСТ, діастазу, йодну пробу, глюкозу визначали за загальноприйнятою методикою. У статті описані зміни морфологічного складу крові в різні періоди прояву піометри. Встановлено, що підвищення рівня лейкоцитів не є обов’язковою ознакою при піометрі, а навпаки, при розвитку патологічного процесу рівень лейкоцитів знижується. Виражений лейкоцитоз (21,6 ± 1,12 Г/л) спостерігався лише в перші доби прояву піометри. Аналіз даних проведеного нами дослідження показало, що у кішок за піометри, на відміну від здорових самок, відбувається збільшення показників сечовини, креатиніну, АЛТ і АСТ, діастази. Йодна проба позитивна і спостерігається явище гіперглікемії. Консервативне лікування тварин за піометри сприяло зниженню лейкоцитозу, ШОЕ, нормалізації кількості паличкоядерних, сегментоядерних нейтрофілів, моноцитів та лімфоцитів. Після терапії кішок за піометри показники креатиніну, сечовини, АЛТ, АСТ, діастази та глюкози поступово нормалізувались.
Асоціативний перебіг капіляріозу гусей на території Полтавської області
Authors: Yevstafyeva V.A. , Yeresko V.I.
Published: June 2018

Гусівництво є однією із перспективних і динамічних галузей в Україні та в ряді країн світу. Критерієм забезпечення ефективності цієї галузі є епізоотичне благополуччя господарств щодо інвазійних захворювань, особливо найбільш поширених з них – гельмінтозів травного каналу птиці. Всебічне вивчення перебігу гельмінтозних інвазій, які здебільшого викликаються певною асоціацією паразитів, є важливим для встановлення паразитичної ситуації у регіоні, що є фундаментальною основою для розробки ефективних заходів з боротьби та профілактики гельмінтозів гусей. Метою роботи було вивчити видовий склад гельмінтів у гусей на території Полтавської області (Україна), які є співчленами нематод роду Capillaria за асоціативного їх перебігу. Результатами досліджень встановлено, що капіляріоз гусей є поширеною нематодозною інвазією на території Полтавської області, де показник екстенсивності інвазії сягав 57,79%, а фауна представлена двома видами Capillaria obsignata та C. anseris (Madsen, 1945). Визначено, що капіляріозна інвазія у 72,61% перебігає у складі мікстінвазій травного каналу птиці. Співчленами капілярій є нематоди Аmidostomum anseris (Zeder, 1800), Trichostrongilus tenuis (Mehlis, 1846), Heterakis gallinarum (Schrank, 1788), Heterakis dispar (Schrank, 1790) та цестоди Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (Bloch, 1782) і Tschertkovilepis setigera (Froehlich, 1789), які перебігають у вигляді від дво- до семикомпонентних асоціативних інвазій. В умовах господарств Полтавської області всього виділено 40 різновидів мікстінвазій, де нематоди роду Capillaria в гусей найчастіше реєструються у комбінації з двома (42,29%) і трьома (28,00%) видами гельмінтів. Рідше діагностували чотирьох – (17,14%), п’яти – (9,71%), шести – (1,72%) та семикомпонентні (1,14%) асоціації гельмінтів. Основними співчленами капілярій в організмі птиці виявилися нематоди А. anseris (54,30%) та H. dispar (38,28%). Отримані дані щодо асоціативного перебігу капіляріозу в гусей та фауни співчленів нематод роду Capillaria дозволить підвищити ефективність лікувальних та профілактичних заходів в результаті підбору високоефективних антигельмінтних препаратів.
Гепатопатія та нефропатія за бабезіозу собак: псевдогепаторенальний синдром
Authors: Dubova O.A. , Duboviy A.A.
Published: June 2018

У статті наведено результати досліджень симптомокомплексу гепатопатії та нефропатії за спонтанного бабезіозу собак. Паразитування збудників приводить до ураження багатьох життєво важливих органів завдяки втягуванню у патологічний процес ускладнень у вигляді шоку. Самі ускладнення індукуються діяльністю паразитів, в тому числі й руйнуванням еритроцитів. Потужні порушення виникають у полі мікроциркуляції. Нами було помічено, що останнім часом збільшилася кількість випадків гострої ниркової недостатності на фоні гострої печінкової недостатності у хворих на бабезіоз собак. За мету було поставлено вивчення особливостей перебігу гепатопатії та нефропатії, клінічної і лабораторної діагностики синдромів, встановлення їхнього зв’язку з загальною патогенетичною віссю захворювання. Наростання чисельності випадків симптомокомплексу гепатопатії з нефропатією було суттєвим впродовж останніх років. Синдроми супроводжуються характерними клінічними ознаками та зрушеннями у лабораторних показниках: анорексією, блювотою жовчю, жовтяницею, олігурією з подальшою анурією, гемоглобінурією з гематурією, протеїнурією, а також гіпербілірубінемією, наростанням активності трансаміназ, лужної фосфатази, лактатдегідрогенази, уремією, креатинінемією. Загальні гематологічні дослідження свідчать, що в організмі хворих тварин відбувається потужний генералізований запальний процес, що підтверджується гіперлейкоцитозом та достовірним прискоренням швидкості осідання еритроцитів майже у 8 разів. Наявність синдрому дисемінованого внутрішньосудинного згортання крові (ДВЗ) підтверджується достовірним зростанням у плазмі рівня продуктів деградації фібриногена/фібрина та розчинних фібрин-мономерних комплексів, достовірною тромбоцитопенією. Циркуляторні розлади засвідчені зниженням гематокритної величини, що вказує на зниження об’єму ефективно циркулюючої крові. Синдром ДВЗ і циркуляторні розлади визначають шоковий стан. Таким чином, симптомокомплекс гепатопатії та нефропатії за бабезіозу собак є елементом шоку як загальнопатогенетичної осі ускладнень і, в силу вищевикладеного, може бути визначений як псевдогепаторенальний синдром. Такий стан вимагає негайного застосування засобів невідкладної терапії.