bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Populizm lewicowy w Europie na przykładzie partii „Die Linke” w Republice Federalnej Niemiec
Authors: KOPKA Artur
Published: November 2018

One of the main challenges European democracy has faced recently is growing political radicalism, and primarily the increasing importance of populist parties originating from both left and right sides of the political arena. This paper refers to the theoretical assumptions concerning this phenomenon to analyze the operations of the ‘Die Linke’ party in the German party system. This party is an excellent example of taking skillful advantage of the circumstances favoring the development of the populist tendencies that have emerged following the recent, radical, social, and political changes in the Federal Republic of Germany. Against the background of European extremist left-wing parties, the paper presents the influence this Left-Wing Party exerts on the changing balance of power on the German political arena on a regional and national level, the ideological profile and party platform, and the changing structure of both its members and voters.
Charles A. Kupchan, How Enemies Become Friends: The Sources of Stable Peace, Princeton University Press, Princeton–Oxford 2010, ss. XIII + 442.
Authors: ZIĘBA Ryszard
Published: November 2018

Charles A. Kupchan, How Enemies Become Friends: The Sources of Stable Peace, Princeton University Press, Princeton–Oxford 2010, ss. XIII + 442.
Współczesne stosunki polsko-rosyjskie: uwarunkowania, problemy, implikacje
Authors: ZIĘBA Ryszard
Published: November 2018

Contemporary Polish-Russian relations are examined, taking into consideration the broad internal conditions in Poland and in Russia. Negative mutual stereotypes prevail in both countries, shaped in the course of a complicated history of mutual relations, while the concepts of international policies in both states are underdeveloped and divergent. Polish-Russian relations are increasingly more influenced by external conditions, such as the profound change Europe is going through and the evolution of the entire international order. The most important modern issues in Polish-Russian relations concern the persistent differences in the perception of the history of mutual relations, dissimilar concepts of the European security system, and energy security. The conditions of relations between Poland and Russia affect Poland’s ability to pursue its international interests in many areas: in relations with Russia and the CIS, in the forum of international organizations (NATO, EU, Council of Europe, OSCE and the UN), in relations with Poland’s closest allies and partners (Germany, France, U.S. and Ukraine). Finally, Polish-Russian relations influence the position and international role of Poland, limiting it when these relations are bad or augmenting it when they are good. Since late 2007 Poland has been trying to conduct a pragmatic policy and normalize its relations with Russia. In general, Polish-Russian reconciliation seems feasible.
Partia Demokratyczna w midterm elections 2010
Authors: RÓŻEWICZ Maciej
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the election results of the Democratic Party in the midterm elections 2010. The consequences of these elections encompassed the loss of seats in both houses of Congress as well as the much more painful outcome of the Republican Party winning a majority in the House of Representatives. President Obama assumed complete responsibility for this defeat, and the next two years for him will mean cooperation with the GOP, which will be difficult given the financial crisis. Midterm elections traditionally undermine the party of the President in office – power drains from those who wield it. There always are people who are disappointed with the current policy of the administration, however, in 2010 we can talk about a political earthquake. Apart from the ‘midterm elections effect’, the success of the Republican Party partly resulted from the difficult economic situation and the reform of the health care system. A significant feature of this campaign involved the Tea Party movement, which won a considerable support owing to its critical attitude to President Obama’s domestic policy.
Działania izb przemysłowo-handlowych na rzecz rozwoju innowacyjności polskich przedsiębiorstw
Authors: WALKOWIAK Katarzyna
Published: November 2018

In a knowledge-based economy innovativeness is among the most significant factors that are decisive for the competitiveness of modern businesses. EU member states undertake numerous activities to support the innovativeness of their businesses and to reduce the distance between them and the global leaders of innovativeness. In Poland only a small proportion of businesses run innovative activities and the level of innovativeness of the economy significantly differs from that of the majority of EU states. Stimulating an enterprise’s innovative potential is significantly influenced by cooperation and connections with the institutions of the business environment. The institutions supporting the innovative activity of businesses in Poland are not fit to meet their needs. At the same time the civil factor, namely the entrepreneurs, is not taken advantage of. Their role in business life can be strengthened by the chambers of commerce and industry – the institutions of public law that represent all entrepreneurs and which are competent to participate in the shaping and implementation of policies to promote the innovativeness of the state and its regions.
Dyplomacja Francji: ewolucja relacji na osi władzy Elysee-Matignon w układzie koabitacji
Authors: Kuczyńska Anna
Published: November 2018

The paper analyzes the decision-making process with respect to foreign policy and defense in the French Fifth Republic. The author discusses the constitutional rights of the President, Prime Minister and Parliament to emphasize that the notion of the exclusive domain (domaine réservé) of the head of the state has no legal grounds. In particular, she stresses the variations in the practice of exercising power in these terms under two distinct political situations: when the president and government are from the same political option, and when they are not. She notes that given the political homogeneity of the President and the majority in the National Assembly, the President, as the actual head of the unified party, becomes the focal point in the creation and implementation of the policies for ‘his’ France, in particular of the country’s foreign policy. This defies the stipulations of Articles 20 and 21 of the Constitution, by virtue of which the government, headed by the Prime Minister, “determines and conducts the policy of the nation.” The paper devotes considerable space to an analysis of the political influence of cohabitation, i.e. the coexistence of a President of the Republic and a majority in the National Assembly who represent different political orientations. This characterized the political system of France for nine years (1986–1988, 1993–1995, 1997–2002) during the evolution of the actual dependency on the Presidential and Prime Ministerial power axis (or the Elysée–Matignon axis, as these state organs are commonly referred to) in the process of shaping and conducting the international and European policy of the state. The role of the Minister of Foreign Affairs is taken into account regarding the outcome of these changeable relations.
Czynniki destabilizacji politycznej w Karaczajo-Czerkiesji: separatyzm etniczny i fundamentalizm religijny
Authors: Sieradzan Przemysław J.
Published: November 2018

The Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia is among the most unstable entities of the Russian federation. Whereas the ideas of radical political Islam enjoy little popularity there, the ethnic structure is exceptionally complex, which is not reflected in the model of territorial administration. The scale of corruption and nepotism of the local elite is enormous. The relations between the two titular ethnicities of Karachay-Cherkessia abound in mutual prejudices and distrust, or even hostility. The current model of a two-nationality republic is an element of the Soviet legacy, originally introduced in order to overcome ethnic particularism. The decline of the Soviet model of state fostered ethnic particularism and separatism, which applied to Karachays and Cherkessians alike at the turn of the nineteen-eighties. At present, Karachay separatism is a marginal phenomenon, while the influence of the Pan-Cherkessian movement has been consistently growing, posing an increasing threat to the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. The author characterizes various dimensions of ethnic separatism in Karachay-Cherkessia and analyzes the reasons for the weakness of the armed Islamist underground in this Caucasian republic.
Rosyjskie jubileusze jako zjawiska retoryczno-ironiczne
Authors: Hordecki Bartosz
Published: November 2018

The objective of the paper is to present Russian anniversaries that commemorate important historical events as phenomena with a dual, rhetorical and ironic character. Rhetoric and irony are used with reference to individuals as well as imagined communities, such as nations. The memory of some historical events, or the lack of such memory, as well as the manners of referring to these events or ignoring them, result in the transformation of what community members think about themselves and their entanglement in common existence and fate. Therefore, changes of remembrance and oblivion, recollection or forgetting can integrate or disintegrate, intensifying the pride or shame of one’s national identity, which eventually results in satisfaction or frustration, and sometimes in a sense of superiority or inferiority. Pride and satisfaction are produced by rhetoric, while shame and frustration – by irony. Sometimes rhetorical-ironic playing with the past assumes particular significance, becoming an exceptionally important factor in social and political life. This phenomenon strongly intensified in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century, becoming a veritable ‘anniver- sary-mania’, and in 2012, which President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev, de- clared the Year of Russian History. The periods analyzed in the paper are around one hundred years apart. Russian society has totally changed over this period, mainly as a result of the revolution, two world wars and several decades of communist rule. In 1990, the Russian Federation was established, a state with an authoritarian-democratic hybrid of a political system. Despite these transformations, modern Russians repeat numerous set behavioral patterns from the beginning of the 20th century. These patterns are used by the advocates of affirmative as well as critical approaches to the history of Russia and the current social and political situation in the country.
Lobbing jako instrument partycypacji społeczeństwa w realizacji zasad państwa demokratycznego
Authors: Barańska Marzena
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this paper is to indicate the role and importance of lobbying as a form of ac- tive participation in the decision-making process of entities interested in a given outcome of this process. Lobbying involves business circles, political deputies and potential addressees of the solutions to be enacted, therefore this form of civic activity has attracted increasing interest. Parties involved frequently establish certain organizational structures in order to initiate the activity of authorized entities and involve them in the decision-making process by expressing their approval or disapproval for legislative initiatives. The methods and instruments applied to exert influence are supposed to persuade the decision makers of the necessity to maintain the current solutions, or to inspire changes, but they primarily increase civic consciousness as regards the opportunity for active protection of one’s particular interests.
Proces prywatyzacji Stoczni Szczecińskiej Nowa Sp. z o.o. w latach 2004–2009
Authors: Kamola-Cieślik Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

Between 2004 and 2009, Stocznia Szczecińska Nowa Sp. z o.o. (SSN) was one of the largest state-owned Polish companies in the shipyard sector. The privatization of the shipyard was a pivotal element of the economic plans put forward by the Governments of Marek Belka, Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Jarosław Kaczyński and Donald Tusk. However, this postulate was not implemented by their respective Cabinets. The difficulties in privatizing the shipyard were due to a change in the policy towards the shipbuilding industry, delays in preparing economic plans which followed from the fact that the European Commission (EC) did not accept the restructuring plans made by the companies interested in taking over the property and the assets of the shipyard, and also because the authorities responsible for finding investors were incompetent in doing so. Marek Belka’s government plan to consolidate the shipbuilding industry, aimed at selling all the property and assets of SSN within the framework of the Corporation of Polish Shipyards, was rejected by the government of Marcinkiewicz. The guidelines for privatizing the shipbuilding industry promised by the Marcinkiewicz government were never formulated or defined for the sector. The program was later accepted by the Kaczyñski Government, which despite earlier promises failed to privatize the shipyard. Donald Tusk’s Cabinet was not able to live up to the challenges connected with the shipyard industry crisis. Negotiations between the Polish Government and Amber Sp. z o.o. over the privatization plan for the shipyard failed. The shipyard’s restructuring plan produced by Mostostal Chojnice SA was not accepted by the EC. The Tusk government failed to find an investor in the public tenders announced for the property and assets of the shipyard – a Qatar company withdrew its initial proposal to buy the shipyard and there were no other investors willing to take it over. This was the main reason for the ensuing bankruptcy of the Szczecin shipyard.
OSOBY STARSZE W SYSTEMIE OCHRONY ZDROWIA
Authors: Pieprzyk Maria , Pieprzyk Paulina
Published: November 2018

Artykuł przedstawia sytuację osób starszych w systemie ochrony zdrowia. Stan zdrowia osób starszych charakteryzuje się wielochorobowością i przewlekłością, dlatego ich leczenie wymaga holistycznego, kompleksowego podejścia. Opieka geriatryczna jest powszechnie uznaną metodą leczenia seniorów, spełniając bowiem wymóg powszechności, wysokiej jakości, kompleksowości zaspakajania złożonych potrzeb zdrowotnych osób starszych, pozwala na zredukowanie kosztów leczenia. W polskim systemie ochrony zdrowia opieka geriatryczna jest marginalizowana, a wręcz pomijana. Istniejące rozwiązania prawne nie sprzyjają rozwojowi geriatrii, mimo że ta dziedzina medycyny uznana została za priorytetową. Artykuł porusza również problematykę profilaktyki gerontologicznej i edukacji zdrowotnej, które pozwolą przygotować się do zdrowej starości.
O ZAPOBIEGANIU KRYZYSOM W STREFIE EURO
Authors: Balcerowicz Leszek
Published: November 2018

Artykuł koncentruje się na zapobieganiu kryzysom w strefie euro. Zaczynam jednak od zarządzania obecnym kryzysem, koncentrując się na jego głównych słabościach i potencjalnych kolizjach z działaniami zapobiegającymi kryzysom. Następnie rozróżniam dwa rodzaje kryzysów: finansowo-fiskalny i fiskalno-finansowy, oraz omawiam ich bezpośrednie i główne przyczyny. Opierając się na tej analizie, pokazuję, w jakim stopniu podjęte dotychczas działania usunęły źródła obydwu typów kryzysu.
ADAM CZERNIAK, TOMASZ DOŁĘGOWSKI, JACENTY SIEWIERSKI, RELIGIE ŚWIATOWE WOBEC WSPÓŁCZESNYCH WYZWAŃ GOSPODARCZYCH, OFICYNA WYDAWNICZA SZKOŁA GŁÓWNA HANDLOWA W WARSZAWIE, WARSZAWA 2011, SS. 234.
Authors: Dworek Jagoda
Published: November 2018

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KATARZYNA PEREZ, EFEKTYWNOŚĆ FUNDUSZY INWESTYCYJNYCH. PODEJŚCIE TECHNICZNE I FUNDAMENTALNE, DIFIN, WARSZAWA 2012, SS. 440.
Authors: Duliniec Aleksandra
Published: November 2018

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CZESŁAWA ZNAMIEROWSKIEGO KONCEPCJA WŁADZY JAKO ŁĄCZNEGO STANOWIENIA NORM
Authors: Dybowski Maciej
Published: November 2018

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie związku między stanowieniem norm a władzą w świetle koncepcji stanowienia łącznego. Stanowienie łączne w ujęciu Czesława Znamierowskiego skutkuje powstaniem nieindywidualnych norm generalnego zakazu. Zaproponowane zostaną trzy interpretacje tego, czym są takie normy. Interpretacje te posłużą uwypukleniu właściwości stanowienia łącznego oraz wyjaśnią, dlaczego stanowienie łączne ułatwia zrozumienie władzy. Na zakończenie przedstawione zostanie ujęcie władzy jako stosunku między partnerami stanowienia łącznego z krótką refleksją na temat jego przydatności.
KWALIFIKACJE SYNDYKA. PROBLEMATYKA INTERTEMPORALNA
Authors: Mikołajewicz Jarosław , Sachajko Marek
Published: November 2018

Prawo upadłościowe jest prawem, w którym skupia się złożona problematyka teoretycznoprawna. W niniejszym opracowaniu poruszone zostały dwa takie zagadnienia: konstrukcji organu procesowego, jakim jest syndyk, i reguł intertemporalnych oraz dostosowawczych, które dotyczą zmiany owej konstrukcji ograniczającej krąg podmiotów mogących być substratem osobowym tego organu do osób posiadających określone ustawą kwalifikacje.
Ochrona środowiska jako determinanta współczesnego publicznego prawa gospodarczego
Authors: Wasilewski Andrzej
Published: November 2018

Punkt wyjścia niniejszych rozważań stanowią cztery założenia, a mianowicie: 1) ‘środowisko’ rozumiane jako pewne uniwersum, a więc cały wszechświat razem z przyrodą, stanowiący wspólne dobro ogółu ludzi; 2) równocześnie sam człowiek i jego działalność mają największe znaczenie dla środowiska i przyrody oraz dla człowieka; 3) dlatego problemy środowiska muszą być rozpatrywane nie tylko w mikroskali (tzn. w skali lokalnej), lecz także w makroskali (tzn. w skali regionalnej względnie globalnej); 4) w praktyce oznacza to, że w celu umożliwienia efektywnej realizacji celów środowiskowych przy wykorzystaniu instrumentów prawnych musi zostać ustalona naprzód określona baza aksjologiczna, na której można się oprzeć w celu sformułowania lub wywiedzenia z niej odpowiedniego systemu rozwiązań prawnych. W tej sytuacji przyjęta w Deklaracji końcowej Konferencji Narodów Zjednoczonych na rzecz Środowiska i Rozwoju (UNCED) w 1992 r. w Rio de Janeiro zasada sustainable development okazała się paradygmatem współczesnej polityki środowiskowej oraz towarzyszących jej rozwiązań prawnych w zakresie problematyki ochrony środowiska w skali globalnej i w prawie międzynarodowym. Urzeczywistnieniu podstawowej zasady sustainable development służy wprawdzie cały szereg instrumentów prawnych, ich praktyczne wykorzystanie wymaga jednak w każdym wypadku posłużenia się stosownym ‘algorytmem’, który umożliwi dokładne ukazanie wszelkich konsekwencji, w tym w szczególności zagrożeń dla środowiska, jakie powodować może określona aktywność ludzka. Przy czym harmonijna realizacja konkurujących i zarazem wzajemnie komplementarnych celów (ekologicznego, ekonomicznego i socjalnego), wymaga ukształtowania szczególnego etosu respektującego wymagania tzw. międzypokoleniowej etyki ekologicznej.
Nierówności społeczno-ekonomiczne w świetle teorii segmentacji rynku pracy
Authors: Zwiech Patrycja
Published: November 2018

W artykule przedstawiono teorie próbujące wyjaśnić istnienie ekonomicznych nierówności na rynku pracy (oraz determinanty tych nierówności) między grupami społecznymi w świetle doktryny segmentacji rynku pracy. W artykule skupiono się na segmentacji statystycznej, koncepcji rynków wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych, koncepcji dualnego rynku pracy, koncepcji dualnej gospodarki oraz teorii peryferyjności, teorii dyskryminacji na rynku pracy i teorii rynku pracy jako areny. Determinantami nierówności wynikającymi z tych teorii są: segmentacja rynku pracy według wyróżników charakterystycznych dla poszczególnych grup społecznych lub według cech rynku pracy, zasady selekcji pracowników do pracy, interesy pracodawców dotyczące szkoleń pracowników, brak dostatecznego poparcia związków zawodowych, socjalizacja, przypisywanie poszczególnym grupom społecznym faktycznych lub pozornych cech lub ról społecznych oraz złe nawyki nabierane przez pracowników zatrudnionych w drugorzędnych miejscach pracy, nieciągłość zatrudnienia, rozproszenie, niska tożsamość zawodowa, postawy i wartości niesprzyjające stałości i ciągłości pracy.
Idea i praktyka mikrofinansów – uwagi krytyczne
Authors: Adamek Jacek
Published: November 2018

Celem artykułu jest próba prezentacji i analizy negatywnych opinii wyrażanych na temat mikrofinansów, formułowanych przez szerokie grono osób zajmujących się mikrofinansową formą wsparcia walki z biedą i wykluczeniem finansowym. Tematyka ta staje się przedmiotem dyskusji prowadzonej zarówno w opracowaniach naukowych, jak i środkach masowego przekazu i obejmuje szeroki spektrum problemów dotykających zarówno ideowe przesłanie tej formy pośrednictwa finansowego, jak i jej praktykę. Zaprezentowane w artykule argumenty i odnoszone do nich analizy są pochodną przeprowadzonych przez autora studiów literaturowych oraz wynikają z jego własnych przemyśleń i uwag wobec poruszanej tematyki.
Przemysław Saganek, Akty jednostronne państw w prawie międzynarodowym , Wydawnictwo Europejskiej Szkoły Prawa i Administracji, Warszawa 2010, ss. 627.
Authors: Kałduński Marcin
Published: November 2018

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Kryzys euro a handel zagraniczny krajów Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Kamiński Bartłomiej , Ng Francis
Published: November 2018

Kryzys gospodarczy w strefie euro nie miał jak dotąd istotnego wpływu na handel UE: pozycja UE w handlu globalnym nie uległa zmianie. Unaocznił on jednak wyraźne różnice w wynikach handlu zagranicznego poszczególnych krajów członkowskich. Bardziej zdezagregowana analiza wskazuje na wyłonienie się trzech grup w ramach UE: znajdujących się w stagnacji ekonomii krajów Południa; dynamicznej Nowej Europy; oraz stabilnej Północy. Wahania w handlu światowym wywołane kryzysem globalnym nie były ani mniejsze, ani większe od zmian w wartości handlu UE. Kryzys nie odwrócił również tendencji rosnącej otwartości gospodarek państw członkowskich obserwowanej po 2000 r. Wzrost gospodarczy w tym okresie nie był ciągniony przez popyt krajowy, ale przez popyt zewnętrzny, tj. zapotrzebowanie w innych krajach UE oraz reszty świata. Nie znaleziono również danych empirycznych, które wsparłyby często wypowiadany komentarz, że tanie pożyczki w euro finansowały eksport Niemiec do południowych krajów UE. Wręcz przeciwnie, udział tych krajów w całkowitym eksporcie Niemiec kształtował się w pierwszej dekadzie XXI w. poniżej 15% i wykazywał tendencję spadkową. Wreszcie, wbrew oczekiwaniom, członkostwo w unii monetarnej nie było katalizatorem wzrostu handlu. Dynamika handlu krajów, które wstąpiły do UE w pierwszej dekadzie XXI w., była nieporównywalnie wyższa od dynamiki „starych” członków UE. Niebezpieczne jest jednak to, że w miarę jak efekt jednolitego rynku będzie wygasał, przejęcie antywzrostowego modelu charakterystycznego dla wielu krajów UE może doprowadzić do „equilibrium wolnego wzrostu”, jeśli nie stagnacji.
Udostępnianie i publikowanie wizerunku nasciturusa, noworodka i małego dziecka w świetle zasady dobra dziecka
Authors: Haberko Joanna
Published: November 2018

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza zagadnienia dopuszczalności posługiwania się wizerunkiem małego dziecka oraz dopuszczalności publikowania tego wizerunku w taki sposób, by działania te nie godziły w zasadę dobra dziecka. Autorka podejmuje próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy wyrażenie przez przedstawiciela ustawowego zgody na publikację wizerunku małego dziecka, w szczególności noworodka i niemowlęcia, może być postrzegane jako działanie sprzeczne z dobrem dziecka. Rozważania obejmują problematykę wykorzystania wizerunku człowieka z czasu jego życia płodowego oraz wykorzystania wizerunku małego dziecka przez rodziców przez umieszczanie go na portalach społecznościowych.
Money, Refuge, and Justice
Authors: Blake Michael
Published: November 2018

Margit Osterloh and Bruno S. Frey have introduced a novel, and potentially powerful, vision of migration rights, on which European states might respond to the current crisis of migration by conditioning admission on the payment of an entry fee. In this comment, I raise a worry about the morality of a world governed by such a principle. While Osterloh and Frey foresee a world in which migration is made more sustainable, with benefits for all stakeholders as a result, I am worried their program would lead to a lessening of support for the moral principles that gave rise to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. This Convention, I argue, ought to be preserved as a public statement of the principle that wealthy states have an obligation to bear some costs in the defense of human rights; Osterloh and Frey, I argue, might be undermining support for those moral principleswe currently have the most need to reinforce. Nevertheless, I argue that under emergency circumstances we might have a need for experimentation and political innovation, even if we are confident that what they produce will necessarily involve some degree of political wrongdoing; we might, in short, have a reason to try out proposals of the sort Osterloh and Frey defend, even if the moral worries I defend here are correct.
Can an Entrance Fee Solve the Migration Problem? Probably Not
Authors: Althammer Jörg , Sommer Maximilian
Published: November 2018

Refugee and poverty migration is one of the key challenges developed Western societies are facing. Due to the unstable political situation in many parts of the world and the lasting high differences in development between the economies, these migratory movements will continue to increase in the future. In order to channel immigrants, the authors suggest that migrants must pay an entry premium to obtain a permanent right of residence.We criticize this proposal from both an ethical and an economic perspective. We argue that a pricing system is neither ethically legitimate nor economically sensible. In order to meet the challenges of migration, a fundamental change in economic cooperation between developed and less developed economies is more appropriate.
Towards a Rational Migration Policy
Authors: Söllner Fritz
Published: November 2018

A rational migration policy has to be based on a coherent set of objectives and its instruments have to be chosen so as to best achieve these objectives. If the focus of migration policy is on the interests of the receiving country, it has to be decided, firstly, how many and what kind of immigrants are to be invited and, secondly, how many refugees are to be accepted for humanitarian reasons. The former are supposed to live permanently in the receiving country, while the latter may stay only temporarily. For the determination of these objectives, the economic and the non-economic consequences of immigration for the native population need to be analyzed. As there will be conflicts of interest, an open debate about the objectives of migration policy is necessary. In particular, it needs to be acknowledged that economic self-interest motivates, at least in part, both the critics and the proponents of immigration. Only when objectives have been agreed upon, can the appropriate instruments be chosen. Among those, the instrument of the entrance fee may play an important role, especially with regard to selecting qualified immigrants.
A Pragmatic Approach to Migration
Authors: Osterloh Margit , Frey Bruno S.
Published: November 2018

This reply focusses on three aspects: advantages and disadvantages of our proposed ‘cooperative entry certificates’ for the countries of origin, for the migrants, and for the host countries. It analyzes in what respects our proposal can be improved based on the valuable points made by the commentators. In addition, the question of how to deal with winners and losers within the three groups is discussed.
Crowdlaw: Collective Intelligence and Lawmaking
Authors: Noveck Beth Simone
Published: November 2018

To tackle the fast-moving challenges of our age, law and policymaking must become more flexible, evolutionary and agile. Thus, in this Essay we examine ‘crowdlaw’, namely how city councils at the local level and parliaments at the regional and national level are turning to technology to engage with citizens at every stage of the lawand policymaking process. Aswe hope to demonstrate, crowdlaw holds the promise of improving the quality and effectiveness of outcomes by enabling policymakers to interact with a broader public using methods designed to serve the needs of both institutions and individuals. crowdlaw is less a prescription for more deliberation to ensure greater procedural legitimacy by having better inputs into lawmaking processes than a practical demand for more collaborative approaches to problem solving that yield better outputs, namely policies that achieve their intended aims. However, as we shall explore, the projects that most enhance the epistemic quality of lawmaking are those that are designed to meet the specific informational needs for that stage of problem solving.
Just Instruments for Adaptation Finance
Authors: Grasso Marco
Published: November 2018

The paper discusses Baatz’s work (2018) published in a recent issue of this journal. It first considers the proposed framework of justice within which to evaluate instruments for adaptation finance; it then develops the framework’s criteria of fairness and feasibility further; finally, it proposes an option for increasing the capacity of Baatz’s framework to ensure that instruments for adaptation finance operate in a just way.
Moral Objectivity and Property: The Justice of Liberal Socialism
Authors: Holt Justin P.
Published: November 2018

This paper restates the thesis of ‘The Requirements of Justice and Liberal Socialism’where itwas argued that liberal socialism best meets Rawlsian requirements of justice. The recent responses to this article by Jan Narveson, Jeppe von Platz, and Alan Thomas merit examination and comment. This reply shows that if Rawlsian justice is to be met, then non-personal property must be subject to public control. If just outcomes merit the public control of non-personal property and this control is not utilized, then justice has been subordinated to the objectively less important institution of private property.
Three-Phase Reactor Model for Simulation of Methylacetylene and Propadiene Selective Hydrogenation Process
Authors: Ahmadi A. R. , Samimi F. , Rahimpour M. R.
Published: November 2018

In this study, an effort was performed to improve methylacetylene and propadiene (MAPD) hydrogenation process with investigation of operating conditions which significantly influence the reactor performance. For this purpose, the operational parameters including concentration of components in the feedstock as well as hydrogen and diluent (recycle stream) flow rates were optimized via differential evolution (DE) technique to maximize propylene (PR) production, to minimize green oil formation as well as to control PR selectivity. Then a comparison was made between the optimized and non-optimized (design) conditions. The results indicate that in optimal conditions, PR production rate increases 5.3 ton/day, while the green oil formation as well as propane (PN) production, as unwanted byproducts are reduced to 0.05 and 0.85 ton/day in comparison with the design conditions. Reduction of undesirable byproducts and enhancement of propylene production rate, demonstrate superiority of the optimized conditions to design conditions.
Large sums of Hecke eigenvalues of holomorphic cusp forms
Authors: Lamzouri Youness
Published: November 2018

Let f be a Hecke cusp form of weight k for the full modular group, and let

{

λ
f

⁢

(
n
)

}

n
≥
1

{\{\lambda_{f}(n)\}_{n\geq 1}}

be the sequence of its normalized Fourier coefficients. Motivated by the problem of the first sign change of

λ
f

⁢

(
n
)

{\lambda_{f}(n)}

, we investigate the range of x (in terms of k) for which there are cancellations in the sum

S
f

⁢

(
x
)

=

∑

n
≤
x

λ
f

⁢

(
n
)

{S_{f}(x)=\sum_{n\leq x}\lambda_{f}(n)}

. We first show that

S
f

⁢

(
x
)

=

o
⁢

(

x
⁢

log
⁡
x

)

{S_{f}(x)=o(x\log x)}

implies that

λ
f

⁢

(
n
)

<
0

{\lambda_{f}(n)<0}

for some

n
≤
x

{n\leq x}

. We also prove that

S
f

⁢

(
x
)

=

o
⁢

(

x
⁢

log
⁡
x

)

{S_{f}(x)=o(x\log x)}

in the range

log
⁡

x
/

log
⁡

log
⁡
k

→
∞

{\log x/\log\log k\to\infty}

assuming the Riemann hypothesis for

L
⁢

(
s
,
f
)

{L(s,f)}

, and furthermore that this range is best possible unconditionally. More precisely, we establish the existence of many Hecke cusp forms f of large weight k, for which

S
f

⁢

(
x
)

≫
A

x
⁢

log
⁡
x

{S_{f}(x)\gg_{A}x\log x}

, when

x
=

(

log
⁡
k

)

A

{x=(\log k)^{A}}

. Our results are

GL
2

{\mathrm{GL}_{2}}

analogues of work of Granville and Soundararajan for character sums, and could also be generalized to other families of automorphic forms.
Rankin–Selberg gamma factors of level zero representations of GL
n
Authors: Ye Rongqing
Published: November 2018

For a p-adic local field F of characteristic 0, with residue field

𝔣

{\mathfrak{f}}

, we prove that the Rankin–Selberg gamma factor of a pair of level zero representations of linear general groups over F is equal to a gamma factor of a pair of corresponding cuspidal representations of linear general groups over

𝔣

{\mathfrak{f}}

. Our results can be used to prove a variant of Jacquet’s conjecture on the local converse theorem.
Regulatory effect of hsa-miR-5590-3P on TGFβ signaling through targeting of TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 transcripts
Authors: Abedini Bakhshmand Elham , Soltani Bahram Mohammad
Published: November 2018

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling acts as suppressor and inducer of tumor progression during the early and late stages of cancer, respectively. Some miRNAs have shown a regulatory effect on TGFβ signaling and here, we have used a combination of bioinformatics and experimental tools to show that hsa-miR-5590-3p is a regulator of multiple genes expression in the TGFβ signaling pathway. Consistent with the bioinformatics predictions, hsa-miR-5590-3p had a negative correlation of expression with TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 genes, detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Then, the dual luciferase assay supported the direct interaction between hsa-miR-5590-3p and TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3 and SMAD4-3′UTR sequences. Consistently, the TGFβ-R1 protein level was reduced following the overexpression of hsa-miR-5590-3p, detected by Western analysis. Also, hsa-miR-5590-3p overexpression brought about the downregulation of TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 expression in HCT-116 cells, detected by RT-qPCR, followed by cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase, detected by flow cytometry. RT-qPCR results indicated that hsa-miR-5590-3p is significantly downregulated in breast tumor tissues (late stage) compared to their normal pairs. Altogether, data introduces hsa-miR-5590-3p as a negative regulator of the TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway which acts through downregulation of TGFβ-R1, TGFβ-R2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 transcripts. Therefore, it can be tested as a therapy target in cancers in which the TGFβ/SMAD pathway is deregulated.
Realisation of Adaptive Hysteresis Current Controller for Performance Improvement of Vector Control Based IPMSM Drive System
Authors: Naik Amiya , Panda A.K. , Kar S.K.
Published: November 2018

The torque ripple, current fluctuation and variable switching frequency of conventional hysteresis current controller (CHCC) under different loading condition and motion variation is inevitable, which demands effective implementation of the existing current controller by which it will be possible to get rid of these limitations. This paper presents enhancement in performance of a vector controlled based Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) drive system by using an adaptive hysteresis current controller (AHCC). This controller minimizes torque ripple, current error and is capable of providing nearly constant switching frequency by modifying its bandwidth according to the changes in the system parameter or when the system is subjected to any kind of disturbances and load variation. Initially the study is carried out in MATLAB-Simulink environment and then the test result is experimentally validated through hardware implementation with the help of DSP TMS320F2812 which provides a complete digital control system with high effectiveness and fast computational skill.
Understanding Investor Behavior in the Recent Global Land Rush
Authors: Rosete Alfredo R. M.
Published: November 2018

A sharp rise in land acquisitions in developing countries during the last decade has drawn the attention of scholars and think tanks. Recent empirical literature finds that investors acquiring land tend to target countries that have little regard for local land rights. This is a puzzle. By locating in such countries, investors may be foregoing other advantages that generate more revenue. In this paper, I provide an explanation of investor behavior using a game-theoretic model where investors can use expropriation as a credible threat vis a vis smallholders. I show that the credible threat of expropriation lowers the investor’s cost of locating to a country by reducing the necessary remuneration to smallholders for access to land, resulting in adverse incorporation. Further, I demonstrate that investors will locate in countries with weak land governance whenever they anticipate similar levels of revenue or investor protection.
Twisted conjugacy classes in unitriangular groups
Authors: Nasybullov Timur
Published: November 2018

Let R be an integral domain of characteristic zero. In this note we study the Reidemeister spectrum of the group

UT
n

⁢

(
R
)

{{\rm UT}_{n}(R)}

of unitriangular matrices over R. We prove that if

R
+

{R^{+}}

is finitely generated and

n
>

2
⁢

|

R
*

|

{n>2|R^{*}|}

, then

UT
n

⁢

(
R
)

{{\rm UT}_{n}(R)}

possesses the

R
∞

{R_{\infty}}

-property, i.e. the Reidemeister spectrum of

UT
n

⁢

(
R
)

{{\rm UT}_{n}(R)}

contains only

∞

{\infty}

, however, if

n
≤

|

R
*

|

{n\leq|R^{*}|}

, then the Reidemeister spectrum of

UT
n

⁢

(
R
)

{{\rm UT}_{n}(R)}

has nonempty intersection with

ℕ

{\mathbb{N}}

. If R is a field and

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

, then we prove that the Reidemeister spectrum of

UT
n

⁢

(
R
)

{{\rm UT}_{n}(R)}

coincides with

{
1
,
∞
}

{\{1,\infty\}}

, i.e. in this case

UT
n

⁢

(
R
)

{{\rm UT}_{n}(R)}

does not possess the

R
∞

{R_{\infty}}

-property.
Using Imagery to Improve Sub-Domains of Physical Literacy
Authors: Guerrero Michelle D. , Chandler Krista
Published: November 2018

A 4-week quasi-experimental intervention was conducted to examine the effects of imagery on sub-domains of physical literacy (i.e., motivation, confidence, perceived physical competence, and motor competence). Children (N = 9; Mage
= 9.11, SD = 0.60) from two sport programs participated in the study. Those in the imagery + physical practice condition received imagery training sessions coupled with physical practice, while those in the physical practice condition only received physical practice. Frequentist and Bayesian statistics showed no between-condition differences at post-intervention; however, results showed that the imagery + physical practice condition reported greater perceived physical competence and received higher scores on motor competence from pre- to post-intervention. Implications for physical activity stakeholders are discussed.
Testing Nonprofit State Culture: Its Impact on the Health of the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Pettijohn Sarah L. , Boris Elizabeth T.
Published: November 2018

Government monitors, regulates, and funds nonprofit organizations, making it is a key player in the health of the nonprofit sector in the United States. However, not all states treat nonprofits similarly. Prior work identified three types of state nonprofit culture (Pettijohn, S. L., and E. T. Boris. 2017. State Nonprofit Culture: Assessing the Impact of State Regulation on the Government-Nonprofit Relationship. Grand Rapids, MI: ARNOVA Presentation.), or a unique set of attitudes and beliefs that shape the operating norms between state government and nonprofits. This article analyzes whether differences among state nonprofit culture are measureable in the government-nonprofit relationship. Using data from the Urban Institute’s 2013 Nonprofit-Government Contracting and Grants survey, we find there are significant differences in the government-nonprofit funding relationships, which means nonprofits operating in certain state nonprofit cultures face different types and degrees of risk to their organization’s overall health.
Synthesis and coordination chemistry of cyclic seleno- and telluroureas
Authors: Ritch Jamie S.
Published: November 2018

Chalcogenated derivatives of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have received increasing attention due to their diverse chemical reactivity and potential applications in fields such as medicine and materials chemistry. This chapter summarizes the synthetic methods for the preparation of cyclic heavy chalcogenoureas featuring heterocyclic cores and explores their diverse coordination chemistry with p- and d-block metals.
Theoretical Expectations and Actual Outcomes of Electoral Systems: How to Measure the Size of the Deviation?
Authors: Nemčok Miroslav , Šedo Jakub
Published: November 2018

The article criticises current conceptual frameworks focused on the evaluation of the performance of electoral systems. It offers a new tool allowing researchers to measure the size of the deviation of electoral outcomes from theoretical expectations. The index d=log[NS/(MS)1/6] is built on the Seat Product (Taagepera, Rein (2007b)Predicting Party Sizes: The Logic of Simple Electoral Systems. New York: Oxford University Press) and captures the deviations of electoral outcomes from predictions solely on the basis of two institutional factors – average district magnitude (M) and size of assembly (S). The theoretical background of index d is explained, and its reliability is further supported by conventional econometric methods based on empirical data.
Truth, Meaning, and Interpretation: A Reconsideration of Davidson’s Program
Authors: Khatchirian Arpy
Published: November 2018

On a common reading of Davidson, the motivation for his proposal that a meaning theory is to take the form of a truth theory is at least partly guided by concern with the ends and means of interpretation. At the same time, the consensus seems to be that this proposal faces a particularly stubborn justificatory burden. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to suggest that there is a promising route to discharging this burden, albeit one that is visible only once we shift our attention away from the so-called ‘problem of interpretation’; second, to make the case that, contrary to initial appearances, the line of justification offered here gives us a plausible interpretation of Davidson’s own goals.
ATIMLI UV IŞIĞIN BEYAZ ŞAPKALI KÜLTÜR MANTARI (AGARICUS BISPORUS) YÜZEYİNDE LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES’İN İNAKTİVASYONU ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: KOÇER Gamze , KEKLİK Nene Meltem
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışmada, Listeria monocytogenes ile inoküle
edilen beyaz şapkalı kültür mantarı (Agaricus bisporus) dilimleri,
kuvars camdan farklı uzaklık (5, 8, 13 cm) ve sürelerde (5, 15, 30, 45, 60 s),
4.00-101.26 J/cm2 enerji dozu aralığında atımlı UV (PUV) ışığa maruz
bırakılarak L. monocytogenes’in inaktivasyonu incelenmiştir. En yüksek
ve en düşük mikrobiyal azalma sırasıyla 1.96 log KOB/g (5 cm-60 s) ve 0.48 log
KOB/g (13 cm-5 s) olarak bulunmuştur. İşlem süresi ve kuvars cama olan yakınlık
arttıkça mantar yüzeyinde esmerleşmenin arttığı, nem miktarı ve su
aktivitesinin ise azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. 5 cm-60 s işlem koşullarında
mantarın antioksidan aktivitesinde belirgin bir artış sağlanmıştır (P <0.05).
Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile PUV ışığın kültür mantarı yüzeyinde L.
monocytogenes için potansiyel bir dekontaminasyon yöntemi olduğu ve kültür
mantarının antioksidan seviyesindeki artış ile besin değerini de olumlu yönde etkileyebileceği
düşünülmektedir.
HİNDİSTAN CEVİZİ EKSTRAKTI İÇEREN SOĞUK KAHVE İÇECEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE RAF ÖMRÜNÜN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: KARAHAN Davut , KEKLİK Nene Meltem
Published: November 2018

Bu çalışmada; tüketici beğenisi
doğrultusunda, raf ömrü belirlenmiş, aroma bakımından hâlihazırda piyasada yer
alan ürünlerden farklı olan bir ‘soğuk kahve içeceği’ geliştirilmesi
hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, portakal suyu ve öğütülmüş Hindistan cevizi
ekstraktı içeren soğuk kahve içecekleri hazırlanmıştır. 100 panelistin
katıldığı tüketici tercih testi sonucunda Hindistan cevizi ekstraktı içeren
kahve içeceğinin portakal suyu içeren içeceğe tercih edildiği (P<0.05)
belirlenmiştir. Tercih edilen kahve içeceğinin formülasyonu; 20 panelist
tarafından duyusal olarak değerlendirildikten sonra, Box-Behnken tasarımı
kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Buna göre, optimum formülasyonu elde etmek
için yaklaşık %3.3 Hindistan cevizi, %3.2 kahve ve %7.2 şeker (ağırlık/sıvı
hacmi) kullanılmıştır. Bu kahve içeceği aroma ve kıvam bakımından ideale yakın,
ancak içilebilirlik hissi bakımından ‘hafif yumuşak’ olarak
değerlendirilmiştir. Genel beğeni ise 9 puanlı hedonik skala üzerinde 7.035
olarak bulunmuştur. Optimal formülasyon, tek örnek t-testi ile valide
edilmiştir. Geliştirilen yeni kahve içeceğinin raf ömrünün, Weibull tehlike
analizi, kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucunda yaklaşık 10.47 gün
olduğu belirlenmiştir.
О ДОБРЕ И ЗЛЕ, О ЖИЗНИ И СМЕРТИ: НАУЧНЫЕ ДИСКУССИИ С Г. А. БАЛЛОМ
Authors: Левит Леонид
Published: November 2018

Работа  посвящена  памяти  ушедшего из  жизни  выдающегося  ученого  и  психолога,  профессора   Г. А. Балла. Приводятся основные темы, содержание и результаты научных дискуссий между Г. А. Баллом  и автором статьи на протяжении последних нескольких лет. Автор рассматривает категорию добра в  контексте  соотношения  трёх  основных,  «вечных»  ценностей  (истины,  добра,  красоты),  принятого  в  философии. Склонность человеческого мозга к образованию позитивных иллюзий, выявленная нейронаукой в  последние десятилетия, позволяет более чётко разграничить «истинное» и «неистинное» добро. Показано,  как применение разработанной автором двусистемной и многоуровневой «Личностно-ориентированной  концепции счастья» (ЛОКС) в сочетании с проведенными экспериментальными исследованиями позволило  существенно  продвинуться  в  изучении  проблем  добра  и  зла,  альтруизма  и  эгоизма,  жизни  и  смерти,  представлявших  средоточие  интереса  для  Г.  А.  Балла.  Также  открываются  новые  возможности  для  сближения   двух   основных   –   естественнонаучного   и   гуманитарного   –   направлений   в   современной  психологии

The  manuscript  is  dedicated to  the  memory  of  Professor  G.  A.  Ball  – the outstanding  scientist  and  psychologist. We represent the main topics, the content and the results of scientific discussions with G. A. Ball in the  recent years. The author regards the category of good in the context of interrelationship between three main, eternal  values (truth, good and beauty) which is widely accepted in philosophy. The proneness of human mind for positive  illusions, discovered by neuroscience in the last decades, enables to separate between true and not true good. The  author demonstrates the possibilities of his dual system and multilevel «Person-Oriented Conception» of Happiness  as well as the main results of his experimental explorations. Their implementation enabled us to move forward  significantly in studying the problems of good and evil, of altruism and egoism, of life and death. All of these themes  represented the focus of G. A. Ball’s interest in his scientific work. There also open new possibilities for the  rapprochement between the natural sciences and the humanistic approaches in modern psychology