bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of environmentally friendly high‐emissivity Ca2+‐Fe3+ co‐doped LaAlO3 ceramic
Authors: Wang Qu , Yan Senwang , Dong Binbin , Zhang Yifan , Zhang Qi , Du Penghui , Wang Gang
Published: January 2023

Ca2+‐Cr3+ co‐doped LaAlO3 is an excellent ceramic material with high emissivity; however, it is harmful to the environment because of the presence of Cr3+ ions. In this study, Ca2+‐Fe3+ co‐doped LaAlO3 ceramic materials were successfully prepared via a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The emissivity of Ca2+‐Fe3+ co‐doped LaAlO3 was 0.91, which is approximately equal to that of Ca2+‐Cr3+ co‐doped LaAlO3. To compensate for the lack of data on the thermophysical properties of doped LaAlO3 high‐emissivity ceramics, the thermal expansion coefficients and thermal conductivities of LaAlO3 doped with Ca2+‐Fe3+ or Ca2+‐Cr3+ were investigated. The thermal conductivities of La0.9Ca0.1Al0.9Fe0.1O3 and La0.9Ca0.1Al0.9Cr0.1O3 at 1200°C were 3.802 and 3.707 W·m−1·K−1, respectively. The thermal expansion coefficients of La0.9Ca0.1Al0.9Fe0.1O3 and La0.9Ca0.1Al0.9Cr0.1O3 at 1200°C were 11.49×10−6 and 11.41×10−6 K−1, respectively. These results indicate that Ca2+‐Fe3+ co‐doped LaAlO3 exhibits great potential as a new generation of environmentally friendly near‐infrared radiating materials in the field of energy efficiency.
The effect of new and ancestral inbreeding on milk production traits in Iranian Holstein cattle
Authors: Tohidi Reza , Cue Roger I. , Nazari Behrouz Mohammad , Pahlavan Rostam
Published: January 2023

Inbreeding depression, the reduction of fitness and performance, is due to an increase in the mating of related individuals. Based on the purge hypothesis, inbreeding and breeding over generations reduce the effect of deleterious alleles responsible for inbreeding depression. Thus, recent inbreeding is assumed to be more harmful than ancestral inbreeding. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of new and ancestral inbreeding on milk, fat and protein production in Iranian Holstein cattle. The secondary objective was to examine the changes in predicted breeding values when the inbreeding effect was included in the model's analysis. To this end, inbreeding coefficients were calculated using the pedigree of 2,394,517 Holstein cattle to achieve these goals. In addition, 419,132 records of milk, fat and protein yields of first parity cows were collected to assess inbreeding depression and breeding values. The average inbreeding coefficients were 0.83% and 1.68% for the whole population and the inbred animals, respectively. A 1% increase in classical pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficient was associated with a decrease of 11.99 kg in milk, 0.39 kg in fat and 0.29 kg in protein. The effect of ancestral inbreeding was more detrimental to performance traits than the effect of new inbreeding. This result contradicted the hypothesis of purging. By including the inbreeding coefficient in the model, the rank of animals remained unchanged, but the average predicted breeding values increased. In general, inbreeding depression was observed in Iranian Holstein cows; however, no evidence of purging was observed. The average of inbreeding coefficients was not high in this population, although accounting for inbreeding coefficients in the analytical model did significantly increase the predicted breeding values. It is recommended that the analytical model incorporate the inbreeding coefficient to improve the accuracy of genetic evaluation. In future studies, inbreeding depression should be assessed using genomic data for performance and reproduction traits.
Wound healing and microbiome, an unexpected relationship
Authors: Canchy Ludivine , Kerob Delphine , Demessant Ann'Laure , Amici Jean‐Michel
Published: January 2023

Skin wounds are common and represent a major public health and economical problem, with risks of complications and a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Cutaneous wound healing is a tightly regulated process resulting in the restoration of tissue integrity. Wound healing involves the interaction of several skin, immune and vascular cells, growth factors and cytokines. However, external actors can play an important role in wound healing, such as the skin microbiome, which is the microbial commensal collection of bacteria, fungi and viruses inhabiting the skin. Indeed, recent advances have featured the interactions, within the wound environment, between different microbial species and between microbial species and the host immune system. This article reviews the relationship between the skin microbiome and the wound healing process. Although cutaneous wounds are a potential entry site for infection, the wound microbiome can have either a detrimental or a beneficial role on wound healing. Thus, targeting the skin microbiome could represent an essential part of wound healing management.
Expert recommendations on supportive skin care for non‐surgical and surgical procedures
Authors: Amici Jean‐Michel , Cogrel Olivier , Jourdan Marie , Raimbault Catherine , Canchy Ludivine , Kerob Delphine , Madfes Diane C. , Tian Yan , Araviiskaia Elena
Published: January 2023

A thorough knowledge of non‐surgical procedures (laser, peelings, injections, threads) and surgical procedures (combined surgeries and skin grafts), including contraindications and potential risks and side effects, (e.g. infection, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, and scarring) is essential to be able to reduce their incidence and ensure the patient receives the most benefit from the procedure. Individuals with darker skin and of high Fitzpatrick phototype are at higher risk of dyschromias, notably melasma and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which may be treated using aesthetic procedures but may also arise as a complication of some procedures. A group of experts in cosmetic surgery and dermatology reviewed the published literature and discussed recommendations for optimizing outcomes with practical advice on supportive skincare before, during and after non‐surgical or surgical procedures. A broad‐spectrum sunscreen with a high sun protection factor against UVB and high protection against UVA, especially long UVA, is essential for all treatment modalities for the prevention and potential improvement of pigmentation disorders. Supportive skin care management to prepare, cleanse and protect the skin and post‐procedure skin care with healing and anti‐inflammatory ingredients are recommended to speed up regeneration and wound healing whilst minimizing scarring and downtime. Additionally, adjunctive skin care to procedures with antioxidant, anti‐ageing and lightening properties may enhance skin benefits.
The impact of visible scars on well‐being and quality of life: An international epidemiological survey in adults
Authors: Amici Jean Michel , Taieb Charles , Le Floc’h Caroline , Demessant Ann’Laure , Seité Sophie , Cogrel Olivier
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Scars are visible marks from various causes, including surgery, skin injury, burning or dermatological disease, and may impact the quality of life.

Objective

To assess the impact of scars on quality of life (QoL).

Material and Methods

Data about sociodemography, presence, origin, and symptoms of scars were collected using an Internet survey between April and May 2020. Overall, 11,100 individuals answered the survey. In total, 48.5% of the responders had at least one scar of less than 1 year of age. Scars were mainly reported on the abdomen and face. Globally, 28.9% of subjects with recent scars reported pain, 23.7% reported burning, 35.0% reported itching, and 44.1% reported redness. Subjects were most frequently bothered by the visibility of their scars and the presence of marks. Incidences were significantly higher than for those with older scars. The average DLQI score was 7.44; it decreased to 2.90 after 1 year. Subjects with scars aged less than 3 months had their QoL more frequently impacted (33.9%) than those with scars aged 12 months or more (10.2%). In subjects reporting skin discomfort, clinical symptoms significantly impacted body movement, choice of clothes, leisure activities, and sexual life more than in those reporting no skin discomfort. Moreover, subjects felt significantly more impacted in their daily lives due to their skin discomfort. When feeling bothered by the visibility of their scars, significantly more subjects were also impacted in their body movement, choice of clothes, leisure activities, and sexual life than those subjects who did not feel bothered. Moreover, significantly more subjects felt embarrassed.

Conclusion

Scars significantly impact the subjects' quality of life. This impact is even more important when caused by recent and visible scars, with a lower DLQI score in subjects with more aged than in those with recent scars.
Prevention of intrusion of natural teeth surrounded by freestanding implants
Authors: Rostami Arash Mike , Feldman Sylvan , Zeiger Diana N.
Published: January 2023

Intrusion is frequently observed as a complication associated with tooth‐implant‐supported prostheses: the natural tooth that serves as an abutment moves apically and out of occlusion. However, intrusion of teeth proximal to implants has yet to be reported in the literature. In this manuscript, three presentations of tooth intrusion proximal to implants are reported; potential causes of the phenomenon are discussed; and a potential treatment for patients experiencing this condition is presented. Intrusion of teeth surrounded by freestanding implants is a rare phenomenon, a cause of which may be excessively tight proximal contacts that are below the height of contour of adjacent implants. Alleviating these contacts enables the intruded tooth to erupt back and should be considered a viable treatment option.
Marine primary producers in a darker future: a meta‐analysis of light effects on pelagic and benthic autotrophs
Authors: Striebel Maren , Kallajoki Liisa , Kunze Charlotte , Wollschläger Jochen , Deininger Anne , Hillebrand Helmut
Published: January 2023

The availability of underwater light, as primary energy source for all aquatic photoautotrophs, is (and will further be) altered by changing precipitation, water turbidity, mixing depth, and terrestrial input of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). While experimental manipulations of CDOM input and turbidity are frequent, they often involve multiple interdependent changes (light, nutrients, C‐supply). To create a baseline for the expected effects of light reduction alone, we performed a weighted meta‐analysis on 240 published experiments (from 108 studies yielding 2500 effect sizes) that directly reduced light availability and measured marine autotroph responses. Across all organisms, habitats, and response variables, reduced light led to an average 23% reduction in biomass‐related performance, whereas the effect sizes on physiological performance did not significantly differ from zero. Especially, pigment content increased with reduced light, which indicated a strong physiological plasticity in response to diminished light. This acclimation potential was also indicated by light reduction effects minimized if the experiments lasted longer. Nevertheless, the performance (especially biomass accrual) was reduced the more the less light intensity remained available. Light reduction effects were also more negative at higher temperatures if ambient light conditions were poor. Macrophytes or benthic systems were more negatively affected by light reduction than microalgae or plankton systems, especially in physiological responses were microalgae and plankton showed slightly positive responses. Otherwise, the effect magnitudes remained surprisingly consistent across habitats and aspects of experimental design. Therefore, the strong observed log–linear relationship between remaining light and autotrophic performance can be used as a baseline to predict marine primary production in future light climate.
Needleless inhaled anesthesia with sevoflurane: Advantages of a simplified approach for children with spinal muscular atrophy undergoing intrathecal administration of nusinersen
Authors: Salerno Annalisa , Picconi Enzo , Genovese Orazio , Piastra Marco , Pulitanò Silvia M. , Tosi Federica , Mancino Aldo , Pane Marika , De Sanctis Roberto , Carlini Debora , Mercuri Eugenio M. , Conti Giorgio
Published: January 2023

Background

Intrathecal nusinersen administration, a fundamental step in the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy, is challenging in children.

Aims

This retrospective monocentric analysis of prospectively collected data evaluated the feasibility of needleless general anesthesia exclusively with sevoflurane, without imaging guidance, for children undergoing nusinersen administration in a 24‐month period.

Methods

Clinical data included demographics, type of spinal muscular atrophy, presence and severity of scoliosis. Primary outcome was defined by the number of predefined sentinel adverse events related to anesthesia. Secondary outcomes were assessed by duration of the procedure, number of lumbar puncture attempts, and number of failures. Other measures included number and type of moderate, minor and minimal adverse events, as well as number and type of puncture‐related adverse events.

Results

116 patients (mean age: 8.7 (SD 6.9) years; with scoliosis: 49.1%) underwent 250 lumbar punctures; two cases of prolonged desaturation, considered as sentinel adverse events, (0.8%) were recorded during anesthesia (primary outcome). None of the patients underwent orotracheal intubation nor required an unplanned admission in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. No patient required an unplanned or prolonged hospitalization after the procedure. Mean number of puncture attempts was 1.6 (SD 1.3), and mean duration of the procedure was 14.1 (SD 8.3) minutes. No failure in the drug administration occurred (secondary outcomes).

Conclusion

In this single‐center experience, needleless general anesthesia with inhaled sevoflurane without imaging guidance has been shown to be feasible for children with spinal muscular atrophy undergoing lumbar puncture for nusinersen administration.
Fusarium falciforme and Fusarium suttonianum cause root rot of melon in Brazil
Authors: Silva Shamyra G. A. , Costa Marileide M. , Cardoso Acleide M. S. , Nascimento Luan V. , Barroso Karol A. , Nunes Glauber H. S. , Pfenning Ludwig H. , Ambrósio Márcia M. Q.
Published: January 2023

The north‐east of Brazil is one of the most important melon‐producing regions in the world. Crop yield is often reduced by the occurrence of a root rot disease, caused by Fusarium species. The present study aimed to characterize a collection of 31 isolates with morphological markers of F. solani obtained from melon plants with symptoms of root rot by phylogenetic analysis of the barcode regions EF‐1α and RPB2, and to verify their pathogenicity to melon plantlets. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 29 isolates grouped with reference material of Fusarium falciforme (FSSC 3 + 4) and two with F. suttonianum (FSSC 20). The pathogenicity test showed that isolates of both species cause root rot in melon plants, with no significant difference of virulence between isolates and species with both methodologies used (infested toothpick and infested rice). Melon plants expressed first symptoms 15 days after inoculation, showing yellowing and wilting, with later tipping and rot. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of these species causing root rot in muskmelon in Brazil. Our results support monitoring of causal agents of melon fusarioses and will be useful for breeding programmes in the search for plant material with resistance to Fusarium rot.
Synergistic interaction of two bHLH transcription factors positively regulates artemisinin biosynthetic pathway in Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Mohammad  , Hurrah Ishfaq Majid , Kumar Amit , Abbas Nazia
Published: January 2023

The wonder drug artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide from Artemisia annua is the million‐dollar molecule required to curb the deadliest disease, Malaria. One of the major challenges even today is to increase the concentration of artemisinin within plants. The transcription factors are important regulators of plant secondary metabolites and have the potential to regulate key steps or the whole biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we have identified and characterised two bHLH transcription factors (Aa6119 and Aa7162) from A. annua. Both the transcription factors turned out to be transcriptionally active and nuclear‐localised typical bHLH proteins. In our study, we found that Aa6119 specifically binds to the E‐box element present on the promoter of artemisinin biosynthetic gene, AMORPHA‐4,11‐DIENE SYNTHASE (ADS). The protein‐DNA interaction confirmed by Yeast one‐hybrid assay was specific as Aa6119 was unable to bind to the mutated E‐boxes of ADS. Further, Aa6119 interacted physically with Aa7162, which was confirmed in vitro by Yeast two‐hybrid assay and in vivo by Bimolecular Fluorescent complementation assay. Our quantitative expression studies have confirmed that Aa6119 and Aa7162 act synergistically in the regulation of artemisinin biosynthetic and trichome developmental genes. The higher accumulation of artemisinin content in the transient co‐transformed transgenic plants than in the individual over‐expression transgenic plants has further validated that Aa6119 and Aa7162 act positively and synergistically to regulate artemisinin accumulation.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a fractional picosecond 1064 nm laser for post‐acne erythema in adult Chinese patients
Authors: Jia Ximeng , Zheng Lingyu , Fang Lin , Zhang Ling , Wu Ying , Yang Yang , Feng Yongqiang , Huang Lvping
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fractional 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser (FPNYL) in the treatment of post‐acne erythema (PAE) of adult Chinese.

Materials and methods

A total of 22 patients received 1 session of treatment and were followed up at the eighth week. Primary outcomes were measured by the Clinician erythema assessment scale (CEAS). Secondary outcomes included a global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) and patients’ assessment of satisfaction on a five‐point scale. Pain scores and adverse effects were also evaluated.

Results

Twenty‐two patients with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV were enrolled in the study and completed all treatments and follow‐up visits. The mean CEAS scores fell from 2.74 ± 0.80 to 1.95 ± 0.75 (p < 0.05). The mean GAIS of PAE improvement was 2.46 ± 0.68. Erythema percentile scores by VISIA increased from 32.63 ± 7.0 to 45.75 ± 11.45 (t = 5.442, p = 0). The patient satisfaction score was 1.86 ± 1.17. The pain scores were 3.27 ± 1.17 for the FPNYL treatment (varied from 2 to 6). There were moderate erythema and oedema, which last for 3.84 ± 0.78 days. There were overall 68.18% (15/22) patients who felt pruritus in different degrees and 27.27% patients who encountered acne eruptions (white head type). No scar, hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation was found.

Conclusion

Treatment with fractional 1064 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser is effective and safe for PAE of Chinese patients.
Tramas y conversaciones sobre lo común
Authors: Aguilar Gómez Danna Carolina , Ceballos Medina Marcela , Espinel Sánchez Nicolás , Flórez Flórez Juliana , León Sara Alejandra , López Jiménez Carlos Arturo , Edson Louidor Wooldy , Márquez Restrepo Martha Lucía , Pérez Soto Lucas , Quiceno Rodríguez Héctor , Sánchez Parra Tatiana , Sañudo Pazos María Fernanda , Sutachan Vargas Helena Alexandra , Vargas Moreno Johanna Eloísa , Zahonero Christopher , Barrera Aguilera Daniel Felipe , Muñoz Saénz María del Carmen , Wilches Rodríquez Viviana
Published: January 2023

Tramas y conversaciones sobre lo común es resultado del diálogo que surge desde los diversos “andares” académicos, políticos, afectivos y cotidianos, de quienes participaron de su escritura, con el fin de hablar de lo que sucede, de lo que se hace o se despliega para crear, componer y mantener lo colectivo, lo comunitario. Desde lugares de enunciación particulares y orientaciones de investigación diversas (colaborativa, militante, de archivo, de acompañamiento, entre otras), así como desde el ajuste y recreación de métodos de investigación y del ensamblaje interdisciplinar, este libro hace lecturas diversas sobre la complejidad y multidimensionalidad de la producción de lo común y su relación con el territorio, la construcción de paz y el despojo.
Social bonds are related to health behaviors and positive well-being globally
Authors: Tunçgenç Bahar , van Mulukom Valerie , Newson Martha
Published: January 2023

At times of turmoil, such as during disasters, social crises, or pandemics, our social bonds can be key to receiving support and gaining certainty about the right course of action. In an analysis combining two global datasets (
N
 = 13,264) collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examined how social bonds with close social circles (i.e., family and friends) and extended groups (i.e., country, government, and humanity) relate to engagement in health behaviors and psychological well-being. Results revealed that only family bonding was associated with self-reported engagement in health behaviors. Being strongly bonded with both close circles and extended groups predicted less anxiety and depression and better well-being, particularly for those who were bonded with more groups. These findings highlight that close and extended social bonds offer different sources of support and direction during the most challenging of circumstances and that continuous investment is needed to forge and maintain both.
Nucleation experiments on a titanium-carbon system imply nonclassical formation of presolar grains
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Tanaka Kyoko K. , Inatomi Yuko , Aktas Coskun , Blum Jürgen
Published: January 2023

Just as the shapes of snowflakes provide us with information on the temperature and humidity of the upper atmosphere, the characteristics of presolar grains in meteorites place limits on their formation environment in a stellar outflow. However, even in the case of well-characterized presolar grains consisting of a titanium carbide core and a graphitic carbon mantle, it is not possible to delimit their formation environment. Here, we have demonstrated the formation of core-mantle grains in gravitational and microgravity environments and have found that core-mantle grains are formed by a nonclassical nucleation pathway involving the three steps: (i) primary nucleation of carbon at a substantially high supersaturation, (ii) heterogeneous condensation of titanium carbide on the carbon, and (iii) fusion of nuclei. We argue that the characteristics of not only core-mantle grains but also other presolar and solar grains might be accurately explained by considering a nonclassical nucleation pathway.
A nitrogen fixing symbiosis-specific pathway required for legume flowering
Authors: Yun Jinxia , Wang Can , Zhang Fengrong , Chen Li , Sun Zhengxi , Cai Yupeng , Luo Yuanqing , Liao Junwen , Wang Yongliang , Cha Yanyan , Zhang Xuehai , Ren Ya , Wu Jun , Hasegawa Paul M. , Tian Changfu , Su Huanan , Ferguson Brett J. , Gresshoff Peter M. , Hou Wensheng , Han Tianfu , Li Xia
Published: January 2023

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation boosts legume growth and production in nitrogen-poor soils. It has long been assumed that fixed nitrogen increases reproductive success, but until now, the regulatory mechanism was unknown. Here, we report a symbiotic flowering pathway that couples symbiotic and nutrient signals to the flowering induction pathway in legumes. We show that the symbiotic microRNA–microRNA172c (miR172c) and fixed nitrogen systemically and synergistically convey symbiotic and nutritional cues from roots to leaves to promote soybean (
Glycine max
) flowering. The combinations of symbiotic miR172c and local miR172c elicited by fixed nitrogen and development in leaves activate florigen-encoding
FLOWERING LOCUS T
(
FT
) homologs (
GmFT2a/5a
) by repressing
TARGET OF EAT1-like 4a
(
GmTOE4a
). Thus, FTs trigger reproductive development, which allows legumes to survive and reproduce under low-nitrogen conditions.
Stereospecific nickel-catalyzed [4+2] heteroannulation of alkynes with aminophosphanes
Authors: Huang Ronghui , Wang Minyan , Deng Hong , Xu Jingkai , Yan Hong , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: January 2023

Enantioenriched phosphorus compounds play crucial roles in many fields ranging from catalyst to materials science to drug development. Despite advances in the construction of phosphacycles, incorporation of a P-chirogenic center into heterocycles remains challenging. Here, we report an effective method for the preparation of phosphacycles through nickel-catalyzed [4+2] heteroannulation of internal alkynes with aminophosphanes derived from
o
-haloanilines. Notably, chiral 2-λ5-phosphaquinolines can be prepared from P-stereogenic substrates via NH/PH tautomeric equilibrium without loss of stereochemical integrity. The strategy is found to exhibit a broad scope in terms of both reaction components, enabling modular construction of libraries of 2-λ5-phosphaquinolines with different steric and electronic properties for fine-tuning photophysical properties, where some of these compounds showed distinct fluorescence with high quantum yields. A series of mechanistic studies further shed light on the pathway of the heteroannulation and reasons for stereospecificity.
Selective STING stimulation in dendritic cells primes antitumor T cell responses
Authors: Jneid Bakhos , Bochnakian Aurore , Hoffmann Caroline , Delisle Fabien , Djacoto Emeline , Sirven Philémon , Denizeau Jordan , Sedlik Christine , Gerber-Ferder Yohan , Fiore Frédéric , Akyol Ramazan , Brousse Carine , Kramer Robert , Walters Ian , Carlioz Sylvain , Salmon Hélène , Malissen Bernard , Dalod Marc , Piaggio Eliane , Manel Nicolas
Published: January 2023

T cells that recognize tumor antigens are crucial for mounting antitumor immune responses. Induction of antitumor T cells in immunogenic tumors depends on STING, the intracellular innate immune receptor for cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) and related cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs). However, the optimal way to leverage STING activation in nonimmunogenic tumors is still unclear. Here, we show that cGAMP delivery by intratumoral injection of virus-like particles (cGAMP-VLP) led to differentiation of circulating tumor-specific T cells, decreased tumor regulatory T cells (T
regs
), and antitumoral responses that synergized with PD1 blockade. By contrast, intratumoral injection of the synthetic CDN ADU-S100 led to tumor necrosis and systemic T cell activation but simultaneously depleted immune cells from injected tumors and induced minimal priming of circulating tumor-specific T cells. The antitumor effects of cGAMP-VLP required type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1), whereas ADU-S100 eliminated cDC1 from injected tumors. cGAMP-VLP preferentially targeted STING in dendritic cells at a 1000-fold smaller dose than ADU-S100. Subcutaneous administration of cGAMP-VLP showed synergy when combined with PD1 blockade or a tumor T
reg
-depleting antibody to elicit systemic tumor-specific T cells and antitumor activity, leading to complete and durable tumor eradication in the case of tumor T
reg
depletion. These findings show that cell targeting of STING stimulation shapes the antitumor T cell response and identify a therapeutic strategy to enhance T cell–targeted immunotherapy.
Anti–PD-1 antibodies recognizing the membrane-proximal region are PD-1 agonists that can down-regulate inflammatory diseases
Authors: Suzuki Kensuke , Tajima Masaki , Tokumaru Yosuke , Oshiro Yuya , Nagata Satoshi , Kamada Haruhiko , Kihara Miho , Nakano Kohei , Honjo Tasuku , Ohta Akio
Published: January 2023

The PD-1 receptor triggers a negative immunoregulatory mechanism that prevents overactivation of immune cells and subsequent inflammatory diseases. Because of its biological significance, PD-1 has been a drug target for modulating immune responses. Immunoenhancing anti–PD-1 blocking antibodies have become a widely used cancer treatment; however, little is known about the required characteristics for anti–PD-1 antibodies to be capable of stimulating immunosuppressive activity. Here, we show that PD-1 agonists exist in the group of anti–PD-1 antibodies recognizing the membrane-proximal extracellular region in sharp contrast to the binding of the membrane-distal region by blocking antibodies. This trend was consistent in an analysis of 81 anti-human PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. Because PD-1 agonist antibodies trigger immunosuppressive signaling by cross-linking PD-1 molecules, Fc engineering to enhance FcγRIIB binding of PD-1 agonist antibodies notably improved human T cell inhibition. A PD-1 agonist antibody suppressed inflammation in murine disease models, indicating its clinical potential for treatment of various inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases.
Supplemental Material: Sediment waves control origins of submarine canyons
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Sun Qiliang , al. et
Published: January 2023

Illustration of seismic-horizon interpretation and un-interpreted seismic profiles. 
Supplemental Material: Martian soil as revealed by ground-penetrating radar at the Tianwen-1 landing site
Authors: Chen Ruonan , Xu Yi , al. et
Published: January 2023

Supplemental text, methods of signal processing and loss tangent calculation, Figures S1–S11 and Table S1 and S2. 
Does Nrf2 Play a Role of a Master Regulator of Mammalian Aging?
Authors: Zinovkin Roman A. , Kondratenko Natalia D. , Zinovkina Ludmila A.
Published: January 2023

For a long time Nrf2 transcription factor has been attracting attention of researchers investigating phenomenon of aging. Numerous studies have investigated effects of Nrf2 on aging and cell senescence. Nrf2 is often considered as a key player in aging processes, however this needs to be proven. It should be noted that most studies were carried out on invertebrate model organisms, such as nematodes and fruit flies, but not on mammals. This paper briefly presents main mechanisms of mammalian aging and role of inflammation and oxidative stress in this process. The mechanisms of Nrf2 activity regulation, its involvement in aging and development of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) are also discussed. Main part of this review is devoted to critical analysis of available experimental data on the role of Nrf2 in mammalian aging.
Multifaceted Nothobranchius
Authors: Bulavkina Elizaveta V. , Kudryavtsev Alexander A. , Goncharova Margarita A. , Lantsova Margarita S. , Shuvalova Anastasija I. , Kovalev Maxim A. , Kudryavtseva Anna V.
Published: January 2023

Annual killifish of the genus Nothobranchius are seeing a rapid increase in scientific interest over the years. A variety of aspects surrounding the egg-laying Cyprinodontiformes is being extensively studied, including their aging. Inhabiting drying water bodies of Africa rarely allows survival through more than one rainy season for the Nothobranchius populations. Therefore, there is no lifespan-related bias in natural selection, which has ultimately led to the decreased efficiency of DNA repair system. Aging of the Nothobranchius species is studied both under normal conditions and under the influence of potential geroprotectors, as well as genetic modifications. Most biogerontological studies are conducted using the species Nothobranchiusfurzeri (GRZ isolate), which has a lifespan of 3 to 7 months. However, the list of model species of Nothobranchius is considerably wider, and the range of advanced research areas with their participation extends far beyond gerontology. This review summarizes the most interesting and promising topics developing in the studies of the fish of Nothobranchius genus. Both classical studies related to lifespan control and rather new ones are discussed, including mechanisms of diapause, challenges of systematics and phylogeny, evolution of sex determination mechanisms, changes in chromosome count, occurrence of multiple repeated DNA sequences in the genome, cognitive and behavioral features and social stratification, as well as methodological difficulties in working with Nothobranchius.
Innate Immunity and Phenoptosis
Authors: Chernyak Boris V. , Lyamzaev Konstantin G.
Published: January 2023

The hypothesis is proposed that activation of innate immunity is the primary mechanism of phenoptosis (programmed death of an organism). In support of the hypothesis, we discuss (i) the data on active release of signaling molecules from the cell producing excessive inflammation; (ii) the data on contribution of mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species to immune response.
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay of Human Lactoferrin in Milk Using Small Single-Domain Antibodies
Authors: Mukhametova Lilia I. , Eremin Sergei A. , Arutyunyan Dmitrii A. , Goryainova Oksana S. , Ivanova Tatiana I. , Tillib Sergei V.
Published: January 2023

Due to its unique structure and properties, human breast milk lactoferrin (hLF) has many nutritional and health-promoting functions in infants, including protection against inflammation and bacterial infections. The lack of LF in breastmilk or formula can result in the weakening of the infant’s immune system. Noncompetitive polarization fluorescence immunoassay (FPIA) is a promising method for hLF quantification in milk and dairy products, which does not require the separation of the bound and free protein and allows to avoid time-consuming sample preparation. The use of fluorescently labeled single-domain camelid antibodies (nanobodies) for protein recognition in FPIA makes it possible to quantify relatively large antigens, in particular, hLF. In this work, we used previously obtained fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-hLF5 and anti-hLF16 nanobodies, which selectively recognized two different human lactoferrin epitopes, but did not bind to goat lactoferrin. The kinetics of hLF interaction with the FITC-labeled nanobodies was studied. The dissociation constant (KD) for the anti-LF5 and anti-LF16 nanobodies was 3.2 ± 0.3 and 4.9 ± 0.4 nM, respectively, indicating the high-affinity binding of these nanobodies to hLF. We developed the FPIA protocol and determined the concentration of FITC-labeled anti-hLF5 and anti-hLF16 nanobodies that provided the optimal fluorescence signal and stable fluorescence polarization value. We also studied the dependence of fluorescence polarization on the hLF concentration in the noncompetitive FPIA with FITC-anti-hLF5 nanobody. The detection limit for hLF was 2.1 ± 0.2 µg/ml and the linear range for determining the hLF concentration was 3-10 µg/ml. FPIA is commonly used to assay low-molecular-weight substances; however, the use of fluorescently labeled nanobodies allows quantification of high-molecular-weight proteins. Here, we demonstrated that FPIA with fluorescently labeled nanobodies can be used for hLF quantification in milk.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of malaria in Zanzibar, 2015–2020
Authors: Bisanzio Donal , Lalji Shabbir , Abbas Faiza B , Ali Mohamed H , Hassan Wahida , Mkali Humphrey R , Al-Mafazy Abdul-wahid , Joseph Joseph J , Nyinondi Ssanyu , Kitojo Chonge , Serbantez Naomi , Reaves Erik , Eckert Erin , Ngondi Jeremiah M , Reithinger Richard
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite high coverage of malaria interventions, malaria elimination in Zanzibar remains elusive, with the annual number of cases increasing gradually over the last 3 years.

Objective

The aims of the study were to (1) assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of malaria in Zanzibar between 2015 and 2020 and (2) identify malaria hotspots that would allow Zanzibar to develop an epidemiological stratification for more effective and granular intervention targeting.

Methods

In this study, we analysed data routinely collected by Zanzibar’s Malaria Case Notification (MCN) system. The system collects sociodemographic and epidemiological data from all malaria cases. Cases are passively detected at health facilities (ie, primary index cases) and through case follow-up and reactive case detection (ie, secondary cases). Analyses were performed to identify the spatial heterogeneity of case reporting at shehia (ward) level during transmission seasons.

Results

From 1 January 2015 to 30 April 2020, the MCN system reported 22 686 index cases. Number of cases reported showed a declining trends from 2015 to 2016, followed by an increase from 2017 to 2020. More than 40% of cases had a travel history outside Zanzibar in the month prior to testing positive for malaria. The proportion of followed up index cases was approximately 70% for all years. Out of 387 shehias, 79 (20.4%) were identified as malaria hotspots in any given year; these hotspots reported 52% of all index cases during the study period. Of the 79 hotspot shehias, 12 were hotspots in more than 4 years, that is, considered temporally stable, reporting 14.5% of all index cases.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm that the scale-up of malaria interventions has greatly reduced malaria transmission in Zanzibar since 2006. Analyses identified hotspots, some of which were stable across multiple years. Malaria efforts should progress from a universal intervention coverage approach to an approach that is more tailored to a select number of hotspot shehias.
EasyTBSA as a method for calculating total body surface area burned: a validation study
Authors: Colson Cindy D , Alberto Emily C , Milestone Zachary P , Batra Nikita , Salvador Tyler , Fooladi Hadi , Cleary Kevin , Izem Rima , Burd Randall S
Published: January 2023

Background

Current methods of burn estimation can lead to incorrect estimates of the total body surface area (TBSA) burned, especially among injured children. Inaccurate estimation of burn size can impact initial management, including unnecessary transfer to burn centres and fluid overload during resuscitation. To address these challenges, we developed a smartphone application (EasyTBSA) that calculates the TBSA of a burn using a body-part by body-part approach. The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy of the EasyTBSA application and compare its performance to three established methods of burn size estimation (Lund-Browder Chart, Rule of Nines and Rule of Palms).

Methods

Twenty-four healthcare providers used each method to estimate burn sizes on moulaged manikins. The manikins represented different ages (infant, child and adult) with different TBSA burns (small <20%, medium 20%–49% and large >49%). We calculated the accuracy of each method as the difference between the user-estimated and actual TBSA. The true value of the complete body surface area of the manikins was obtained by three-dimensional scans. We used multivariable modelling to control for manikin size and method.

Results

Among all age groups and burn sizes, the EasyTBSA application had the greatest accuracy for burn size estimation (−0.01%, SD 3.59%) followed by the Rule of Palms (3.92%, SD 10.71%), the Lund-Browder Chart (4.42%, SD 5.52%) and the Rule of Nines (5.05%, SD 6.87%).

Conclusions

The EasyTBSA application may improve the estimation of TBSA compared with existing methods.
Reconstructive endovascular treatment for basilar artery trunk aneurysms: complications and clinical and angiography outcomes
Authors: Zhong Weiying , Zhang Tongfu , Su Chenran , Zhou Donglin , Zhuang Jianfeng , Li Maogui , Xu Yangyang , Liu Ming , Zhang Mingxiang , Wang Yunyan , Wang Donghai , Su Wandong
Published: January 2023

Background

Basilar artery trunk aneurysms (BTAs) are rare intracranial aneurysms. We aim to investigate the procedural complications and clinical and angiographic outcomes of BTAs treated with reconstructive endovascular treatment (EVT).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of 111 patients with BTAs who underwent reconstructive EVT during 2013–2022. The factors associated with procedural complications and clinical and angiographic outcomes were analyzed.

Results

The study included 81 men and 30 women (median age 60 years). Overall, 26 (23.4%) cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 85 (76.6%) presented with unruptured aneurysms. Periprocedural ischemic and hemorrhagic complications occurred in 29 (26.1%) and 4 (3.6%) cases, respectively. The rate of favorable clinical outcomes was 83.8% (92/111) and the mortality rate was 14.4% (16/111). Angiographic follow-up data were available for 77/95 (81.1%) survivors; 57 (74.0%) and 20 (26%) aneurysms exhibited complete and incomplete obliteration, respectively. Old age, high Hunt and Hess grades (IV–V), hemorrhagic complications, and increased aneurysm size were independent risk factors for unfavorable clinical outcomes (p<0.05). Increased aneurysm size and incomplete aneurysm occlusion on immediate angiography were independent risk factors for incomplete occlusion during follow-up (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Reconstructive EVTs are a feasible and effective treatment for BTAs but are associated with a high risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications and a high mortality rate. Larger aneurysms may predict unfavorable clinical outcomes and aneurysm recurrence during follow-up. Hemorrhagic complications may predict unfavorable clinical outcomes, whereas immediate complete aneurysm occlusion may predict total occlusion during follow-up.
Eigenvalue-Corrected Natural Gradient Based on a New Approximation
Authors: Gao Kaixin , Huang Zheng-Hai , Liu Xiaolei , Wang Min , Wang Shuangling , Wang Zidong , Xu Dachuan , Yu Fan
Published: January 2023

Using second-order optimization methods for training deep neural networks (DNNs) has attracted many researchers. A recently proposed method, Eigenvalue-corrected Kronecker Factorization (EKFAC), proposed an interpretation by viewing natural gradient update as a diagonal method and corrects the inaccurate re-scaling factor in the KFAC eigenbasis. What’s more, a new method to approximate the natural gradient called Trace-restricted Kronecker-factored Approximate Curvature (TKFAC) is also proposed, in which the Fisher information matrix (FIM) is approximated as a constant multiplied by the Kronecker product of two matrices and the traces can be kept equal before and after the approximation. In this work, we combine the ideas of these two methods and propose Trace-restricted Eigenvalue-corrected Kronecker Factorization (TEKFAC). The proposed method not only corrects the inexact re-scaling factor under the Kronecker-factored eigenbasis, but also considers the new approximation method and the effective damping technique adopted by TKFAC. We also discuss the differences and relationships among the related Kronecker-factored approximations. Empirically, our method outperforms SGD with momentum, Adam, EKFAC and TKFAC on several DNNs.
Selberg Zeta function and hyperbolic Eisenstein series
Authors: Falliero Thérèse
Published: January 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a Fuchsian group acting on the hyperbolic upper half-plane [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text] is a geometrically finite Riemann surface with respect to the natural hyperbolic metric induced from [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] is hyperbolic then following [J. Kudla and S. Millson, Harmonic differentials and closed geodesics on a Riemann surface, Invent. Math. 54 (1979) 193–211; J. D. Fay, Fourier coefficients of the resolvent for a Fuchsian group, J. Reine Angew. Math. 293 (1977) 143–203], there is a corresponding hyperbolic Eisenstein series. In this paper, we study the limiting behavior of hyperbolic Eisenstein series on a degenerating family of geometrically finite hyperbolic surfaces. In particular, we give a partial lightening to a question of Ji, concerning the approximation of Eisenstein series during degeneration (see Proposition 5.2 and Theorem 5.2).
A REVIEW OF INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM FOR ENTERPRISE EDUCATION
Authors: BAMKOLE PETER , IBEKU STANLEY E. , FAKUNMOJU AYOOLA
Published: January 2023

This article reviews the use of the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) mechanism in delivering enterprise education to the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector in Nigeria. Using desk research and review of system performance report, the suitability of the IVR mechanism as an alternative approach towards ensuring inclusiveness in entrepreneurship education is highlighted. The review revealed that deploying learning systems that take into considerations geographical locations without internet infrastructure and also socio-economic factors of intending and existing entrepreneurs for enterprise education is crucial and equally promising. The challenges and opportunities of online and continuing education during the COVID-19 pandemic are summarized. There is the need for further exploration of IVR interventions to make them more effective and policy interventions on affordable online teaching and learning platforms accessible to persons of varied economic divide.
Increased length-dependent activation of human engineered heart tissue after chronic α1A-adrenergic agonist treatment: testing a novel heart failure therapy
Authors: Rupert C. , López J. E. , Cortez-Toledo E. , De la Cruz Cabrera O. , Chesler N. C. , Simpson P. C. , Campbell S. G. , Baker A. J.
Published: January 2023

Chronic stimulation of α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs) is known to mediate therapeutic effects in animal heart failure models. To investigate the effects of chronic α1A-AR stimulation in human cardiomyocytes, we tested engineered heart tissue (EHT) created with iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq analysis confirmed human EHT expressed α1A-ARs. Chronic (2 wk) α1A-AR stimulation with A61603 (10 nM) increased length-dependent activation (LDA) of contraction. Chronic α1A-AR stimulation might be beneficial for treating human heart failure by restoring LDA.
Analysis and Evaluation of Tracker Tag Efficiency
Authors: Hernández-Orallo Enrique , Armero-Martínez Antonio , Calafate Carlos T. , Manzoni Pietro
Published: January 2023

Tracker tags, such as Apple’s AirTags and Tile’s trackers, are small and cheap devices for finding lost items. Tags use Bluetooth technology and community tracking to find the location of lost tags whenever a compatible smartphone passes nearby. When we lose a tag, several questions may arise, like what are the chances of finding it? Or, when will we receive a notification of its detection? Unfortunately, companies such as Apple or Tile do not provide technical information about the efficiency of their tags. Thus, this paper is aimed at answering those questions based on a methodological analysis and evaluation of tags’ efficiency. The main aspects that impact the efficiency of finding a lost tag are the detection range, community size, and human mobility. These aspects are evaluated in a campus scenario, showing that the probability of finding lost tags is very high: more than 98% of them were found, and the average detection time was about 1 hour.