bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Approach Combining Shape-Based and Docking Methods to Identify Novel Potential P2X7 Antagonists from Natural Product Databases
Authors: Ferreira Natiele Carla da Silva , Viviani Lucas Gasparello , Lima Lauro Miranda , Amaral Antonia Tavares do , Romano João Victor Paiva , Fortunato Anderson Lage , Soares Rafael Ferreira , Alberto Anael Viana Pinto , Coelho Neto Jose Aguiar , Alves Luiz Anastacio
Published: May 2024

P2X7 is an ATP-activated purinergic receptor implicated in pro-inflammatory responses. It is associated with the development of several diseases, including inflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions. Although several P2X7 receptor antagonists have recently been reported in the literature, none of them is approved for clinical use. However, the structure of the known antagonists can serve as a scaffold for discovering effective compounds in clinical therapy. This study aimed to propose an improved virtual screening methodology for the identification of novel potential P2X7 receptor antagonists from natural products through the combination of shape-based and docking approaches. First, a shape-based screening was performed based on the structure of JNJ-47965567, a P2X7 antagonist, using two natural product compound databases, MEGx (~5.8 × 103 compounds) and NATx (~32 × 103 compounds). Then, the compounds selected by the proposed shape-based model, with Shape–Tanimoto score values ranging between 0.624 and 0.799, were filtered for drug-like properties. Finally, the compounds that met the drug-like filter criteria were docked into the P2X7 allosteric binding site, using the docking programs GOLD and DockThor. The docking poses with the best score values were submitted to careful visual inspection of the P2X7 allosteric binding site. Based on our established visual inspection criteria, four compounds from the MEGx database and four from the NATx database were finally selected as potential P2X7 receptor antagonists. The selected compounds are structurally different from known P2X7 antagonists, have drug-like properties, and are predicted to interact with key P2X7 allosteric binding pocket residues, including F88, F92, F95, F103, M105, F108, Y295, Y298, and I310. Therefore, the combination of shape-based screening and docking approaches proposed in our study has proven useful in selecting potential novel P2X7 antagonist candidates from natural-product-derived compounds databases. This approach could also be useful for selecting potential inhibitors/antagonists of other receptors and/or biological targets.
Cistus, Acacia, and Lemon verbena Valorization through Response Surface Methodology: Optimization Studies and Potential Application in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Industries
Authors: Fernandes Filipa A. , Carocho Márcio , Finimundy Tiane C. , Prieto Miguel A. , Ferreira Isabel C. F. R. , Barros Lillian , Heleno Sandrina A.
Published: May 2024

Cistus ladanifer L., Acacia dealbata L., and Aloysia citrodora Paláu were subject to an optimization procedure for two extraction techniques (heat-assisted extraction (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)). The extracts were then analyzed by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS for their phenolic profile (cistus—15 compounds, acacia—21 compounds, and lemon verbena—9 compounds). The response surface methodology was applied, considering four varying factors: ethanol percentage; extraction time; temperature/power; and S/L ratio, generating two responses (the major phenolic compound, or family of compounds, and the extraction yield). For cistus, both techniques optimized the extraction yield of punicalagins, with UAE proving to be the most efficient extraction method (3.22% ethanol, 22 min, 171 W, and 35 g/L). For acacia, HAE maximized the extraction of procyanidin (74% ethanol, 86 min, 24 °C, and 50 g/L), and UAE maximized the content of myricetin (65% ethanol, 8 min, 50 W, and 50 g/L). For lemon verbena, HAE favored the extraction of martynoside (13% ethanol, 96 min, 49 °C and 17 g/L) and forsythiaside UAE (94% ethanol, 25 min, 399 W, and 29 g/L). The optimal conditions for the extraction of compounds with high added value and potential for use in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals were defined.
Emerging Vistas for the Nutraceutical Withania somnifera in Inflammaging
Authors: Basudkar Vivek , Gujrati Gunjan , Ajgaonkar Saiprasad , Gandhi Manav , Mehta Dilip , Nair Sujit
Published: May 2024

Inflammaging, a coexistence of inflammation and aging, is a persistent, systemic, low-grade inflammation seen in the geriatric population. Various natural compounds have been greatly explored for their potential role in preventing and treating inflammaging. Withania somnifera has been used for thousands of years in traditional medicine as a nutraceutical for its numerous health benefits including regenerative and adaptogenic effects. Recent preclinical and clinical studies on the role of Withania somnifera and its active compounds in treating aging, inflammation, and oxidative stress have shown promise for its use in healthy aging. We discuss the chemistry of Withania somnifera, the etiology of inflammaging and the protective role(s) of Withania somnifera in inflammaging in key organ systems including brain, lung, kidney, and liver as well as the mechanistic underpinning of these effects. Furthermore, we elucidate the beneficial effects of Withania somnifera in oxidative stress/DNA damage, immunomodulation, COVID-19, and the microbiome. We also delineate a putative protein–protein interaction network of key biomarkers modulated by Withania somnifera in inflammaging. In addition, we review the safety/potential toxicity of Withania somnifera as well as global clinical trials on Withania somnifera. Taken together, this is a synthetic review on the beneficial effects of Withania somnifera in inflammaging and highlights the potential of Withania somnifera in improving the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the aging population worldwide.
Antibacterial, Trichomonacidal, and Cytotoxic Activities of Pleopeltis crassinervata Extracts
Authors: Anacleto-Santos Jhony , Vega-Ávila Elisa , Pacheco Leticia , Lacueva-Arnedo Manuel , Gómez-Barrio Alicia , Ibáñez-Escribano Alexandra , López-Pérez Teresa de Jesús , Casarrubias-Tabarez Brenda , Calzada Fernando , López-Camacho Perla Yolanda , Rivera-Fernández Norma
Published: May 2024

Pleopeltis crassinervata is a fern documented in ethnobotanical records for its use in Mexican traditional medicine to treat gastric disorders and mouth ulcers. Consequently, conducting biological and pharmacological assays is crucial to validate the therapeutic efficacy of this plant within the context of traditional medicine. In the present study, we investigated the biological activity of extracts and fractions obtained from P. crassinervata organs against bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli) and Trichomonas vaginalis using in vitro models. The precipitate fraction obtained from the frond methanolic extract showed significant antibacterial activity (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] 120 µg/mL) against the Staphylococcus aureus strain and was effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The hexane fraction also obtained from frond methanolic extract, showed a trichomonacidal effect with an IC50 of 82.8 μg/mL and a low cytotoxic effect. Hsf6 exhibited the highest activity against T. vaginalis, and the GC-MS analysis revealed that the predominant compound was 16-pregnenolone. The remaining identified compounds were primarily terpene-type compounds.
Challenges in Optimizing Nanoplatforms Used for Local and Systemic Delivery in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Cocoș Dorin Ioan , Dumitriu Buzia Olimpia , Tatu Alin Laurențiu , Dinu Monica , Nwabudike Lawrence Chukwudi , Stefan Claudia Simona , Earar Kamel , Galea Carmen
Published: May 2024

In this study, we focused on innovative approaches to improve drug administration in oral pathology, especially by transmucosal and transdermal pathways. These improvements refer to the type of microneedles used (proposing needles in the saw), to the use of certain enhancers such as essential oils (which, besides the amplifier action, also have intrinsic actions on oral health), to associations of active substances with synergistic action, as well as the use of copolymeric membranes, cemented directly on the tooth. We also propose a review of the principles of release at the level of the oral mucosa and of the main release systems used in oral pathology. Controlled failure systems applicable in oral pathology include the following: fast dissolving films, mucoadhesive tablets, hydrogels, intraoral mucoadhesive films, composite wafers, and smart drugs. The novelty elements brought by this paper refer to the possibilities of optimizing the localized drug delivery system in osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint, neuropathic pain, oral cancer, periodontitis, and pericoronitis, as well as in maintaining oral health. We would like to mention the possibility of incorporating natural products into the controlled failure systems used in oral pathology, paying special attention to essential oils.
Morphological and Molecular Characters Differentiate Common Morphotypes of Atlantic Holopelagic Sargassum
Authors: Siuda Amy N. S. , Blanfuné Aurélie , Dibner Skye , Verlaque Marc , Boudouresque Charles-François , Connan Solène , Goodwin Deborah S. , Stiger-Pouvreau Valérie , Viard Frédérique , Rousseau Florence , Michotey Valérie , Schell Jeffrey M. , Changeaux Thomas , Aurelle Didier , Thibaut Thierry
Published: May 2024

Since 2011, massive new strandings of holopelagic Sargassum have been reported on the coasts of the Caribbean, northern Brazil, Guiana, and West Africa, causing severe economic and ecological damage. Three common morphotypes (S. fluitans III, S. natans I, and S. natans VIII) were identified as responsible for these catastrophic events, with dominance shifts between them over time. However, the taxonomic status of these holopelagic Sargassum morphotypes remains unclear. Using an integrative taxonomy framework, combining a morphological study and molecular analyses, this study aimed to clarify their taxonomic status. Morphological analyses of 54 characters revealed no intermediate form between the three morphotypes, with the overall shape, nature of the axis, and size and shape of blades and vesicles being the most discriminating. An analysis of mitochondrial (IGS, cox2, cox3, mt16S rRNA, and nad6) and plastid (rbcL) markers confirmed the genetic divergence among the three morphotypes, with a lower level of divergence between the two S. natans morphotypes. Without additional molecular characterization, these morphotypes cannot be classified as three distinct species. However, due to their distinct morphological characteristics and sympatry within drifting aggregations, a revision of holopelagic species names is proposed, with Sargassum fluitans var. fluitans (for S. fluitans III), Sargassum natans var. natans (for S. natans I), and S. natans var. wingei (for S. natans VIII). This revision provides necessary clarity on the species involved in inundations of the tropical Atlantic.
A 14-3-3 Protein Ca16R Acts Positively in Pepper Immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum by Interacting with CaASR1
Authors: Yang Sheng , Wan Meiyun , Cheng Xingge , Cheng Qing , Shen Huolin
Published: May 2024

Although 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in plant growth, development, and stress response, their roles in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum remain poorly understood. In this study, a 14-3-3-encoding gene in pepper, Ca16R, was found to be upregulated by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI), its silencing significantly reduced the resistance of pepper plants to RSI, and its overexpression significantly enhanced the resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to RSI. Consistently, its transient overexpression in pepper leaves triggered HR cell death, indicating that it acts positively in pepper immunity against RSI, and it was further found to act positively in pepper immunity against RSI by promoting SA but repressing JA signaling. Ca16R was also found to interact with CaASR1, originally using pull-down combined with a spectrum assay, and then confirmed using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and a pull-down assay. Furthermore, we found that CaASR1 transient overexpression induced HR cell death and SA-dependent immunity while repressing JA signaling, although this induction and repression was blocked by Ca16R silencing. All these data indicate that Ca16R acts positively in pepper immunity against RSI by interacting with CaASR1, thereby promoting SA-mediated immunity while repressing JA signaling. These results provide new insight into mechanisms underlying pepper immunity against RSI.
Study on the Effect of Thermal Assisted Combined Plant-Based Biomass Conditioning on Dehydrated Sludge Bio-Drying
Authors: Li He , Luo Yujie , Jiang Chang , Wang Yizhuo , Xiang Lu
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the production of municipal sludge has gradually increased, and finding suitable sludge treatment and disposal technologies is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Bio-drying of sludge is a relatively efficient and convenient drying method, but currently, there are still problems with unstable drying effects and high moisture content of dried products, which limits the subsequent utilization of bio-drying products. This article uses a thermal assisted bio-drying device that simulates carbonization waste heat reflux, and uses corncob, straw, sawdust, and rice husk as conditioners to carry out bio-drying of dehydrated sludge. The influence of the types and ratios of conditioner under thermal assistance on the bio-drying of dehydrated sludge is explored. The results showed that the moisture removal efficiency of the corncob and straw groups was better, and their material moisture content could be reduced to below 10% within 24 h. The lower calorific value of straw-sludge drying products was the highest, at 11,608.8 kJ/kg. The best conditioner under the conditions of this experiment was straw, and the drying effect was best when the mass ratio of dehydrated sludge to straw was 4:1. The research results contribute to promoting the development of sludge bio-drying technology.
Fault Detection and Interactive Multiple Models Optimization Algorithm Based on Factor Graph Navigation System
Authors: Wang Shouyi , Zeng Qinghua , Shao Chen , Li Fangdong , Liu Jianye
Published: May 2024

Accurate and stable positioning is significant for vehicle navigation systems, especially in complex urban environments. However, urban canyons and dynamic interference make vehicle sensors prone to disturbance, leading to vehicle positioning errors and even failures. To address these issues, an adaptive loosely coupled IMU/GNSS/LiDAR integrated navigation system based on factor graph optimization with sensor weight optimization and fault detection is proposed. First, the factor nodes and system framework are constructed based on error models of sensors, and the optimization method principle is derived. Second, the interactive multiple-model algorithm based on factor graph optimization (IMMFGO) is utilized to calculate and adjust sensor weights for global optimization, which will reduce the impact of disturbed sensors. Finally, a multi-stage fault detection, isolation, and recovery (MSFDIR) strategy is implemented based on the IMMFGO results and IMU pre-integration measurements, which can detect significant sensor faults and optimize the system structure. Vehicle experiments show that our IMMFGO method generally obtains better performance in positioning accuracy by 23.7% compared to adaptive factor graph optimization (AFGO) methods, and the MSFDIR strategy possesses the capability of fault sensor detection, which provides an essential reference for multi-source vehicle navigation systems in urban canyons.
Disaggregating National Statistical Data to Assess the Sub-National SDG 6.4.2 Water Stress Indicator by Integrating Satellite Observations and Model Data
Authors: Lu Jing , Jia Li
Published: May 2024

Ensuring the sustainable management of water and sanitation for all is the primary goal of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6). SDG indicator 6.4.2 (level of water stress) is critical for monitoring the progress toward SDG 6. The assessment of the SDG indicator 6.4.2 is currently based on statistical data at the national scale, i.e., one value for one country, which cannot reflect spatial variability in water stress in a country. The lack of data at sub-national scales limits the assessment of water stress in sub-national regions. This study developed a method of disaggregating national statistical renewable water resources (TRWR) and freshwater withdrawals (TFWW) to estimate the SDG 6.4.2 water stress indicator at a sub-national scale by combining satellite remote sensing data and model simulated data. Remote sensing (RS)-based precipitation (P); the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration (P-ET); and the difference between precipitation, evapotranspiration, terrestrial water storage change (P-ET-dS), and model-simulated naturized runoff and withdrawal water use were used as spatial and temporal surrogates to disaggregate the national-scale statistics of TRWR and TFWW to the grid scale. Gridded TRWR and TFWW can be used to calculate the water stress of any interest regions. Disaggregated TRWR, TFWW, and water stress estimation were validated at three different spatial scales, from major river basins and provinces to prefectures in China, by comparing the corresponding statistical data. The results show that the disaggregation for TRWR is generally better than for TFWW, and the overall accuracy for water stress estimation can reach up to 91%. The temporal evolution of disaggregated variables also showed good consistency with statistical time series data. The RS-based P-ET and P-ET-dS have great potential for disaggregating TRWR at different spatiotemporal scales, with no obvious differences with the results using the model simulation as a surrogate for the disaggregation of SDG indicator 6.4.2. The disaggregation accuracy can be further improved when the sub-regional statistical data of TRWR and TFWW are applied to the disaggregation approach.
Gas Sensors Based on Semiconductor Metal Oxides Fabricated by Electrospinning: A Review
Authors: Chen Hao , Chen Huayang , Chen Jiabao , Song Mingxin
Published: May 2024

Electrospinning has revolutionized the field of semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) gas sensors, which are pivotal for gas detection. SMOs are known for their high sensitivity, rapid responsiveness, and exceptional selectivity towards various types of gases. When synthesized via electrospinning, they gain unmatched advantages. These include high porosity, large specific surface areas, adjustable morphologies and compositions, and diverse structural designs, improving gas-sensing performance. This review explores the application of variously structured and composed SMOs prepared by electrospinning in gas sensors. It highlights strategies to augment gas-sensing performance, such as noble metal modification and doping with transition metals, rare earth elements, and metal cations, all contributing to heightened sensitivity and selectivity. We also look at the fabrication of composite SMOs with polymers or carbon nanofibers, which addresses the challenge of high operating temperatures. Furthermore, this review discusses the advantages of hierarchical and core-shell structures. The use of spinel and perovskite structures is also explored for their unique chemical compositions and crystal structure. These structures are useful for high sensitivity and selectivity towards specific gases. These methodologies emphasize the critical role of innovative material integration and structural design in achieving high-performance gas sensors, pointing toward future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Porcine Model of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Utilizing Intracortical Recordings for the Continuous Monitoring of the Ischemic Area
Authors: Nielsen Thomas Gomes Nørgaard dos Santos , Dancause Numa , Janjua Taha Al Muhammadee , Andreis Felipe Rettore , Kjærgaard Benedict , Jensen Winnie
Published: May 2024

Purpose: Our aim was to use intracortical recording to enable the tracking of ischemic infarct development over the first few critical hours of ischemia with a high time resolution in pigs. We employed electrophysiological measurements to obtain quick feedback on neural function, which might be useful for screening, e.g., for the optimal dosage and timing of agents prior to further pre-clinical evaluation. Methods: Micro-electrode arrays containing 16 (animal 1) or 32 electrodes (animal 2–7) were implanted in the primary somatosensory cortex of seven female pigs, and continuous electrical stimulation was applied at 0.2 Hz to a cuff electrode implanted on the ulnar nerve. Ischemic stroke was induced after 30 min of baseline recording by injection of endothelin-1 onto the cortex adjacent to the micro-electrode array. Evoked responses were extracted over a moving window of 180 s and averaged across channels as a measure of cortical excitability. Results: Across the animals, the cortical excitability was significantly reduced in all seven 30 min segments following endothelin-1 injection, as compared to the 30 min preceding this intervention. This difference was not explained by changes in the anesthesia, ventilation, end-tidal CO2, mean blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygenation, or core temperature, which all remained stable throughout the experiment. Conclusions: The animal model may assist in maturing neuroprotective approaches by testing them in an accessible model of resemblance to human neural and cardiovascular physiology and body size. This would constitute an intermediate step for translating positive results from rodent studies into human application, by more efficiently enabling effective optimization prior to chronic pre-clinical studies in large animals.
Integrated Communication, Sensing, and Computation Framework for 6G Networks
Authors: Chen Xu , Feng Zhiyong , Zhang J. Andrew , Yang Zhaohui , Yuan Xin , He Xinxin , Zhang Ping
Published: May 2024

In the sixth generation (6G) era, intelligent machine network (IMN) applications, such as intelligent transportation, require collaborative machines with communication, sensing, and computation (CSC) capabilities. This article proposes an integrated communication, sensing, and computation (ICSAC) framework for 6G to achieve the reciprocity among CSC functions to enhance the reliability and latency of communication, accuracy and timeliness of sensing information acquisition, and privacy and security of computing to realize the IMN applications. Specifically, the sensing and communication functions can merge into unified platforms using the same transmit signals, and the acquired real-time sensing information can be exploited as prior information for intelligent algorithms to enhance the performance of communication networks. This is called the computing-empowered integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) reciprocity. Such reciprocity can further improve the performance of distributed computation with the assistance of networked sensing capability, which is named the sensing-empowered integrated communications and computation (ICAC) reciprocity. The above ISAC and ICAC reciprocities can enhance each other iteratively and finally lead to the ICSAC reciprocity. To achieve these reciprocities, we explore the potential enabling technologies for the ICSAC framework. Finally, we present the evaluation results of crucial enabling technologies to show the feasibility of the ICSAC framework.
Dual-Frequency Soil Moisture Meter Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Soil Moisture and Conductivity
Authors: Witkowski Jerzy S. , Grobelny Andrzej F.
Published: May 2024

The measurement of soil water content is a very important factor in plant cultivation, both from an economic and ecological point of view. Proper estimation of moisture content not only allows for proper yields but can also contribute to ecologically appropriate use of fresh water, of which the world’s resources are limited. It is important, for example, that the moisture content in the root area of plants is optimal for their growth, while over-watering can result in losses in the form of water, which seeps below the root layer and is lost. The novel, inexpensive electronic meter for measuring soil moisture is presented in the article. The meter, based on a capacitive method, uses an optimization algorithm to calculate soil electrical permeability and a simplified new formula between soil electrical permeability and volumetric moisture content. Moreover, by using two high-frequency signals for measurements, it is possible not only to estimate moisture content but also soil conductivity. Both readings obtained from the meter not only allow for rational management of crop optimization for economic reasons but are also important for environmental protection. In addition, the inexpensive meter, based on the principle of operation presented, can be made as an IoT module, which allows for its wide application.
Shoulder Movement-Centered Measurement and Estimation Scheme for Underarm-Throwing Motions
Authors: Lee Geunho , Hayakawa Yusuke , Watanabe Takuya , Bonkobara Yasuhiro
Published: May 2024

Underarm throwing motions are crucial in various sports, including boccia. Unlike healthy players, people with profound weakness, spasticity, athetosis, or deformity in the upper limbs may struggle or find it difficult to control their hands to hold or release a ball using their fingers at the proper timing. To help them, our study aims to understand underarm throwing motions. We start by defining the throwing intention in terms of the launch angle of a ball, which goes hand-in-hand with the timing for releasing the ball. Then, an appropriate part of the body is determined in order to estimate ball-throwing intention based on the swinging motion. Furthermore, the geometric relationship between the movements of the body part and the release angle is investigated by involving multiple subjects. Based on the confirmed correlation, a calibration-and-estimation model that considers individual differences is proposed. The proposed model consists of calibration and estimation modules. To begin, as the calibration module is performed, individual prediction states for each subject are updated online. Then, in the estimation module, the throwing intention is estimated employing the updated prediction. To verify the effectiveness of the model, extensive experiments were conducted with seven subjects. In detail, two evaluation directions were set: (1) how many balls need to be thrown in advance to achieve sufficient accuracy; and (2) whether the model can reach sufficient accuracy despite individual differences. From the evaluation tests, by throwing 20 balls in advance, the model could account for individual differences in the throwing estimation. Consequently, the effectiveness of the model was confirmed when focusing on the movements of the shoulder in the human body during underarm throwing. In the near future, we expect the model to expand the means of supporting disabled people with ball-throwing disabilities.
Nexus between Innovation–Openness–Natural Resources–Environmental Quality in N-11 Countries: What Is the Role of Environmental Tax?
Authors: Qamruzzaman Md. , Karim Salma , Kor Sylvia
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the intricate relationship between financial openness, natural resources, and carbon neutrality in the N-11 countries. It provides insights into how environmental tax and innovation can drive carbon neutrality in these nations, thus advancing our understanding of the nexus among financial openness, natural resources, and carbon neutrality. The study aims to offer policymakers perspectives on formulating policies to foster sustainable economic development and environmental conservation in the N-11 nations. The discourse highlights the environmental implications of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness, revealing a complex interplay between economic development, technological innovation, and environmental sustainability. While FDI can facilitate technological transfers and managerial advancements that enhance resource efficiency and promote environmentally friendly practices, its environmental impact varies based on regulatory frameworks and enforcement mechanisms. In countries with weak environmental regulations, FDI may lead to negative outcomes such as pollution hotspots, resource depletion, and ecosystem degradation. Similarly, trade openness can exacerbate environmental degradation through increased production, energy consumption, and waste generation. However, both FDI and trade openness can contribute positively to environmental sustainability when coupled with effective environmental policies, investment in green technology, and the promotion of sustainable practices. Thus, policymakers must strike a balance between economic development and environmental protection by implementing stringent environmental regulations, promoting clean technology transfer, and fostering sustainable development practices domestically and internationally. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers aiming to navigate the complexities of achieving carbon neutrality while ensuring sustainable economic growth in the N-11 countries.
The Impact of Changes in Rural Family Structure on Agricultural Productivity and Efficiency: Evidence from Rice Farmers in China
Authors: Song Donghui , Chen Fengbo , Ouyang Xi
Published: May 2024

Over the past three decades, China has shifted from a relatively immobile society to one where rural migrant workers are dispersed throughout urban areas, resulting in significant changes in rural family structure. Previous studies have tended to approach migrant workers as homogeneous groups within families. In contrast, our attention turns to the diversity among individuals and the complex interactions within families. Based on a survey of rice farmers in five provinces of China, this study aims to explore the heterogeneous impact of changes in rural family structure on the single-factor (i.e., land, labor, and capital) productivity and technical efficiency (TE) of rice production. Methodologically, we calculated the productivity indicator through the Cobb–Douglas production function. Following this, a one-step stochastic frontier approach (SFA) was employed to assess the production frontier and estimate inefficiency. To address self-selection bias in family migration behavior, we applied the propensity score matching method (PSM). The results reveal that significant outcomes are observed only with certain types of changes in rural family structure. The production decisions of rural families are influenced by the migration regions of their family members. Compared to non-migrating families (NM), families with couples’ joint migration outside the province show higher single-factor productivity and TE. We used multiple approaches to examine the results and came to similar conclusions. Therefore, enhancing social security measures and employment opportunities for migrant workers, with specific attention to supporting migrant couples, can have a positive impact on sustainable urban and rural development, as well as food security.
Streamflow Variation under Climate Conditions Based on a Soil and Water Assessment Tool Model: A Case Study of the Bailong River Basin
Authors: Li Shuangying , Zhou Yanyan , Yue Dongxia , Zhao Yan
Published: May 2024

We coupled the global climate models (GCMs) from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and Future Land Use Simulation model (FLUS) to evaluate land use change in the Bailong River Basin (BRB) under three shared socioeconomic pathway and representative concentration pathway scenarios (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP5–8.5). Additionally, we used calibrated soil and water assessment tools (SWATs) to evaluate the streamflow in the BRB from 2008 to 2100 under the combined influence of climate and land use changes. The results indicate that (1) under the SSP126-EP scenario, forests have been well preserved, and there has been an increase in the combined area of forests and water bodies. The SSP245-ND scenario has a similar reduction pattern in agricultural land as SSP126-EP, with relatively good grassland preservation and a moderate expansion rate in built-up land. In contrast, the SSP585-EG scenario features a rapid expansion of built-up land, converting a significant amount of farmland and grassland into built-up land. (2) From 2021 to 2100, the annual average flow increases under all three scenarios, and the streamflow change is most significant under SSP5–8.5. (3) Compared to the baseline period, the monthly runoff increases, with the most significant increase occurring during the summer months (June to August). This study offers a thorough assessment of potential future changes in streamflow. Its findings are expected to be applied in the future to improve the management of water resources at a local level.
Flexible Energy Storage for Sustainable Load Leveling in Low-Voltage Electricity Distribution Grids with Prosumers
Authors: Ivanov Ovidiu , Luca Mihai-Andrei , Neagu Bogdan-Constantin , Grigoras Gheorghe , Gavrilas Mihai
Published: May 2024

The sustainability of the energy sector is linked today with the diminishing of the reliance on fossil fuels and on the large-scale adoption of renewable generation. Medium- and low-voltage electricity distribution grids see the proliferation of microgrids that supply consumers able to generate electricity with local installations of PV panels. These consuming and generating entities, called prosumers, use the local generation for their own consumption needs and are exporting the surplus in the grid, modifying the typical steady state operation conditions. For mitigating this inconvenience, local storage equipment can be used, which also helps the prosumers to reduce their costs and preserve the sustainable operation of the distribution infrastructure. The literature shows that by optimally using storage in microgrids, the deterioration in quality and security of supply can be minimized in the presence of prosumers. This paper presents a study regarding local storage management in prosumer-enabled microgrids, seeking to find the optimal configuration of community (shared) storage systems that charge batteries overnight, during low consumption hours, providing load leveling opportunities and energy loss minimization. A study case performed on a real low-voltage electricity distribution network (LVEDN) shows the performance of the proposed optimization.
Perceptions of Tree Risks and Benefits in a Historically African American Neighborhood
Authors: Martin Alexis , Gordon Jason , Schelhas John , Mattox Tawana Smith
Published: May 2024

An expansive body of research demonstrates the social and ecological benefits of urban forests, although urban tree canopy density tends to be lower than average in areas occupied by marginalized populations. Non-profit organizations and local governments have initiated tree-planting programs; however, some of these programs have encountered local resistance. This study took place in a historically African American neighborhood in the Southern USA with a low tree canopy where residents expressed disinterest in replanting trees following a tree hazard removal campaign led by a local non-profit organization. Employing focus groups and interviews, we explored residents’ environmental attitudes and risk perceptions by asking about the risks and benefits of neighborhood trees and barriers to the enjoyment of them. The material and emotional bonds residents have with the neighborhood informed their preferences about trees and green space. Trees were often viewed as hazards and financial risks, although they were an integral part of residents’ identities for themselves and their community. The findings suggest that neglecting to look at diverse perceptions will challenge a city’s ability to communicate about the urban forest and, therefore, sustainably address disparities in tree benefits and problems.
Dip-Bump Structure in Proton’s Single Diffractive Dissociation at the Large Hadron Collider
Authors: Jenkovszky László , Schicker Rainer , Szanyi István
Published: May 2024

By extending the dipole Pomeron (DP) model, successful in describing elastic nucleon–nucleon scattering, to proton single diffractive dissociation (SD), we predict a dip-bump structure in the squared four-momentum transfer (t) distribution of proton’s SD. Structures in the t distribution of single diffractive dissociation are predicted around t=−4GeV2 at LHC energies in the range of 3 GeV2≲|t|≲ 7 GeV2. Apart from the dependence on s (total energy squared) and t (squared momentum transfer), we predict also a dependence on missing masses. We include the minimum set of Regge trajectories, namely the Pomeron and the Odderon, indispensable at the LHC. Further generalization, e.g., by the inclusion of non-leading Regge trajectories, is straightforward. The present model contains two types of Regge trajectories: those connected with t-channel exchanges (the Pomeron, the Odderon, and non-leading (secondary) reggeons) appearing at small and moderate −t, where they are real and nearly linear, as well as direct-channel trajectories α(M2) related to missing masses. In this paper, we concentrate on structures in t neglecting (for the time being) resonances in M2.
Improving the Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness of Urban Stormwater Management by Enhancing the Water Filtration Model in Rain Gardens
Authors: Kravchenko Maryna , Trach Yuliia , Trach Roman , Tkachenko Tetiana , Mileikovskyi Viktor
Published: May 2024

Rain gardens are used to solve urban problems related to the negative impact of stormwater. (1) Scientific contributions from different countries provide general guidelines for the design and operation of rain gardens in different geographical areas. Given the small spatial scale of rain gardens, the use of existing infiltration models often leads to design errors. (2) The purpose of this paper is to develop a hydrological model by introducing a system of equations that extends the ability to calculate the rate, flow rate and time of saturation of layers with moisture and rainwater leakage from the rain garden system. (3) The results obtained allow us to describe the dynamic processes of passage and saturation of layers of the rain garden at a certain point in time, which extends the ability to calculate the flow rate. It was established that the smaller the area of the rain garden compared to the area of the catchment basin, the faster it reaches its full saturation. Increasing the thickness of the rain garden layers allows for an increase in the efficiency of water retention at a lower value of the area ratio. (4) The practical significance of the results obtained is especially important for the correct description of hydrodynamics in the system and determining the optimal conditions for the effective functioning and management of the rain garden structure for any climatic region.
Timescale of Groundwater Recharge in High Percolation Coastal Plain Soils
Authors: Du Qing , Ross Mark
Published: May 2024

Understanding and modeling the timing and magnitude of groundwater recharge from rainfall infiltration through vadose-zone percolation is important for many reasons but especially because the flux is being acted on by root-zone evapotranspiration (ET), and very little rainfall infiltration ever becomes water-table recharge. This study elaborates on the considerable time of the wetting front’s arrival and ultimate bulk recharge of rainfall infiltration in the shallow water table with fine-sandy soil typical of coastal plain environments such as Florida. Calibrated Hydrus-1D modeling of Florida (Myakka) soil was evaluated at varying depths of the water table and hydraulic conductivities to bracket the timing of arrival of the wetting front and bulk fluxes. Useful normalized timing parameters are defined. In addition, this research further quantifies the concept of “wet equilibrium”, and the considerable vadose-zone storage potential over and above the hydrostatic pressure equilibrium that must be overcome to achieve any significant water-table recharge in typical seasonal hydrologic timescales. The results indicate recharge timescales for water-table depths of 1 m are approximately 1 day but are considerably longer for 2 m (2 weeks), 3 m (1 month), and 4 m (50 days) conditions. Given that daily vadose-zone potential ET demand can exceed 0.5 cm/day in this environment, estimating recharge from rainfall infiltration is likely unreliable unless this timescale and the plant-root-zone uptake processes are properly modeled in surface-groundwater models.
Impacts of High-Concentration Turbid Water on the Groundwater Environment of the Tedori River Alluvial Fan in Japan
Authors: Fujihara Yoichi , Otani Kento , Takase Keiji , Chono Shunsuke , Ichion Eiji
Published: May 2024

The occurrence of high-concentration turbid water due to a large landslide in the upper reaches of the Tedori River Basin in Japan in May 2015 led to a rapid decline in the groundwater levels within the alluvial fan. However, factors other than turbid water, such as changes in precipitation patterns, can have a significant impact on groundwater levels but have not been thoroughly investigated. By analyzing the relationship between river water and groundwater levels, we found that by 2018, conditions had returned to those observed prior to the turbidity events. Regarding seepage, we found that approximately 24% of the Tedori River’s discharge contributed to seepage before the turbidity event. In contrast, during the post-turbidity years, seepage decreased between 2015 and 2017 and returned to the pre-turbidity levels by 2018. Furthermore, by constructing a hydrological model and examining the contributions of turbidity and precipitation, we found that in 2015, turbidity contributed to 76% of the groundwater level changes, whereas precipitation accounted for 24%. In contrast, in 2016, turbidity contributed to 67%, while precipitation contributed to 33%. In essence, the first year was characterized by a significant contribution from turbidity, while precipitation also played a significant role in groundwater level fluctuations in the second year.
Distributed-Drive Vehicle Lateral-Stability Coordinated Control Based on Phase-Plane Stability Region
Authors: Liu Jun , Dai Ang
Published: May 2024

The lateral stability control of vehicles is one of the most crucial aspects of vehicle safety. This article introduces a coordinated-control strategy designed to enhance the handling stability of distributed-drive electric vehicles. The upper controller uses active front steering and direct yaw moment-control controllers designed based on sliding-mode control theory. The lower controller optimally allocates control inputs to the upper controller, considering factors such as load transfer and tire load rate. It divides the stability region by relying on the phase plane and develops a coordinated-control strategy based on the degree of deviation of the vehicle state from the stability region. The results of the simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed control strategy effectively improves handling stability under extreme working conditions.
“Pengaruh Pendapatan, Tax to Book Ratio, Taxable Income, Deferred Tax dan Current Tax Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Layanan Investasi dan Perdagangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2018-2021
Authors: Hutagaol Patar
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of income, tax to book ratio, taxable income, deferred tax and current tax on the performance of investment and trade service companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The method of this study uses a quantitative approach by analyzing secondary data. The population of this study were companies listed on the IDX with a total of 11 companies, and used a purposive sampling technique. The results of this study state that there is a partially significant effect between Revenue, Tax To Book Ratio, and Taxable Income on Company Performance, and there is a partially insignificant effect between Deferred Tax and Current Tax on Company Performance. Then, the simultaneous results of Income, Tax to Book Ratio, Taxable Income, Deffered Tax and Current Tax have a significant effect on the Company's Financial Performance.
EDUKASI TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA DAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI PADA REMAJA DI DESA PASIRGOMBONG
Authors: Intifada Winda Suryani , Habibi Bachtiar Yusuf , Ayuni Erliza , Qurrotu’aini Hanna Muthia , Herlina Herlina , Yulika Herma , Putri Holilah , Hayati Fitri , Samosir Ema Indah Maria
Published: May 2024

Keadaan sehat bukan hanya tidak terdapat penyakit atau kecacatan pada tubuh, melainkan keadaan sejahtera yang biasanya dilihat dari kelengkapan keadaan secara fisik, mental maupun sosial. Remaja adalah sekumpulan kelompok manusia berusia tanggung, yang hampir selalu dianggap sehat. Faktanya, banyak remaja meninggal pada usia yang relatif muda dikarenakan oleh berbagai macam sebab, bisa dikarenakan aktivitas kelompok remaja yang menyukai balapan liar hingga mengakibatkan kecelakaan, upaya bunuh diri, kekerasan akibat kenakalan remaja, komplikasi kehamilan, dan penyakit lain yang dapat dicegah dan diobati. Juga dikaitkan dengan perilaku yang dimulai pada masa remaja, seperti merokok, penyakit menular seksual, narkoba, human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV-AIDS), dan malnutrisi. Semua hal tersebut menyebabkan kualitas kesehatan remaja menurun hingga menyebabkan penyakit dan kematian di usia muda. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui KKN Tematik ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dengan memberikan penyuluhan tentang tanaman obat keluarga berupa kunyit, jahe, dan kayu manis. Selain itu, diberikan pengetahuan terkait kesehatan reproduksi beserta bahaya pergaulan bebas di kalangan remaja. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di SMK Al-Amin, Pasirgombong, Cikarang, pada tanggal 3 Februari 2023. Hasil dari pengabdian ini memperlihatkan bahwa para remaja, khususnya pelajar mempunyai antusiasme untuk meningkatan pengetahuan mengenai tanaman obat keluarga dan kesehatan reproduksi remaja.
Penyuluhan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat Dan Pemberian Bantuan Sabun Cuci Tangan (Handsanitizer) Serta Pemeriksaan Hemoglobin Pada Murid Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Sholihin Tanjung Morawa Deli Serdang
Authors: M.F. Situmeang Suryani , Setiyawati Dewi , Suparni Suparni
Published: May 2024

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior is a reflection of a family lifestyle that always pays attention to and maintains the health of all family members. School-aged children are a critical age group, because at that age a child is vulnerable to health problems. Based on our observations, students at the Solihin Tanjung Morawa Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah carry out activities during breaks at school, they snack in the canteen around the school without washing their hands first due to a lack of knowledge and limited running water facilities. As an alternative for running water facilities, you can use hand sanitizer. Although the best method is to wash your hands with soap and running water.  The Clean and Healthy Living Behavior Extension aims to increase the knowledge and understanding of students at the Solihin Tanjung Morawa Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah School about clean and healthy living behavior, which will ultimately improve the level of children's health. Sometimes washing your hands becomes difficult because it is not always easy to find water and soap. As an alternative, you can use a hand sanitizer, an antiseptic liquid or gel that can be used anywhere and at any time without having to rinse with water. After carrying out outreach activities at the Sholihin Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah School on July 25 2023, it can be concluded that: There has been an increase in the knowledge of students at the Sholihin Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah School regarding clean living and how to wash their hands using hand sanitizer correctly. The condition of the Hemoglobin Levels of students at the Sholihin Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah School whose scores were below normal was 3% of the 60 students examined.