bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ДЛЯ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ЗАХИСНОГО БАР`ЄРНОГО ОДЯГУ МЕДИЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ТА ЇХ ВИПРОБУВАННЯ У ВІДПОВІДНОСТІ ДО НОРМАТИВНИХ ДОКУМЕНТІВ
Authors: Жданова Ольга , Березненко Сергій , Смерницький Дем`ян , Березненко Наталія
Published: May 2022

Вступ. Комплексний науковий підхід до вирішення питань захисту медичних працівників створює підґрунтя для розробки сучасного бар’єрного одягу для них, а особливо одягу співробітників хірургічних відділень, які під час виконання професійних обов’язків можуть зазнавати інфікування.Проблематика. Створення ефективного захисного бар’єрного одягу для лікарів хірургічних відділень обумовлює необхідність розробки асортиментного ряду тканин та заходів антимікробної обробки швів в місцях з’єднання елементів одягу, а також випробування розробленого одягу відповідно до нормативних документів.Мета. Обґрунтування вибору матеріалів для виготовлення захисного бар’єрного одягу медичних працівників та розробка заходів антимікробної обробки швів в місцях з’єднання елементів одягу.Матеріали й методи. Об’єктом дослідження слугували текстильні матеріали та модифіковані нитки, що застосовуються при виготовленні бар’єрного медичного одягу. Експериментальні дослідження проведено в лабораторіях Київського національного університету технологій та дизайну за стандартизованими та оригінальними методиками оцінки властивостей текстильних матеріалів та ниток.Результати. Визначено принципи застосування нових композиційних матеріалів з захисними властивостями при проєктуванні бар’єрного одягу для хірургів операційного блоку, встановлено залежності показників якості текстильних матеріалів від кількості циклів прання та стерилізації, а також запропоновано заходи з антимікробної обробки швів у місцях з’єднання елементів одягу. Проведено дослідження розробленого одягу відповідно до нормативних документів.Висновки. Отримані результати показали, що найбільш ефективним з точки зору захисту медичних працівників є зональний принцип застосування різних типів тканин для виготовлення бар’єрного медичного одягу. Визначено, що з розроблених та досліджених ниток найбільш придатними для відшивання технологічно чистого одягу є нитки ПОМ 529, ПОМ I та ПОМ II.
Relating papermaking process parameters to properties of paperboard with special attention to through-thickness design
Authors: Nygårds Mikael
Published: May 2022

A biaxial stress state has been proposed to formulate a failure criterion for paperboard during bending. About 100 paperboards have been splitted, such that top, middle, and bottom plies have been free-laid and tested in the machine direction, cross-machine direction as well as in out-of-plane direction (ZD). The purpose was to determine the failure stresses and its dependency of papermaking parameters: density, degree of orientation, and fiber length for each layer. A linear model to predict the geometrical strength of a plies was suggested. Analytically simulations of different paperboard structures behavior during bending were performed. The density of the middle ply affected the location of the failure position in ZD, as well as the maximum bending moment. The impact of orientation and degree of anisotropy was simulated, which can be used to optimize the ZD property gradient by tweaking the properties, and hence optimize paperboard performance.

Graphical abstract
Peery, B. (2021). Outcome Oriented Chaplaincy: Perceptive, Intentional, and Effective Caring
Authors: Nolan Rev. Dr. Steve
Published: May 2022

Peery, B. (2021). Outcome Oriented Chaplaincy: Perceptive, Intentional, and Effective Caring. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 128pp. (pbk). ISBN: 9781785926822.
Experimental evaluation of generator power correction of an autonomous wind electrical installations
Authors: Kovalenko М. А. , Kovalenko I.Y. , Golovko V.M. , Chumack V.V. , Svyatnenko V.A.
Published: May 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the efficiency of regulating the output active power of the magnetoelectric generator as part of an autonomous wind turbine.
Methodology. Analysis of existing methods of adjusting the output parameters of generators. Methods of experimental research of electric generators. Numerical processing methods of the obtained results.
Findings. An experimental stand was developed to study the parameters and characteristics of an autonomous magnetoelectric generator as part of a wind turbine in order to assess the effectiveness of correcting the output power of the generator. Experimental studies of the magnetoelectric generator in the idle mode for two cases are carried out: the characteristic of idling at magnetization with use of a third-party capacity and the idle characteristics when magnetized by an additional winding (with DC supply. In this experiment, the output voltage increases from 26% (at a speed of 200 rpm) to 47% (at a speed of 780 rpm). Studies have shown that the use of the method of correcting the output power by connecting additional capacity to the armature winding of the generator is a less effective method of power control than the use of magnetization by the additional winding. The following studies were conducted: study of the efficiency of the magnetizing winding at constant active load and at different speeds (different wind speeds), study of the efficiency of the magnetizing winding while maintaining a constant voltage at the generator terminals 14.4 V. Depth of the output power regulation depends on the rotation speed of the wind turbine rotor and according to the results of experimental studies, for a load of I = 0.8 A is: 1.4% at 350 rpm; 12.5% ​​at 550 rpm; 15.3% at 650 rpm; 22.12% at 750 rpm. A more efficient method is to use an additional sub-magnetizing winding. A comparative analysis of the initial parameters of the magnetoelectric generator is obtained by experimental studies and numerical modeling simulation. Comparison of modeling results with the results of experimental studies shows the convergence of the obtained results within 7-10%, which confirms the adequacy of the developed models and the reliability of the obtained results.
Originality.  By means of experimental researches of the magnetoelectric generator the limits of output power correction of the generator as a part of the independent wind electric installation are established.
Practical value.  An experimental stand was developed for the study of a magnetoelectric generator with axial magnetic flux to simulate its operation as part of an autonomous wind turbine.
Differentiating between experience and expertise in mentoring student teachers
Authors: Van der Haar Hayley , Petersen Nadine , Ramsaroop Sarita
Published: May 2022

Mentoring is intended to guide student teachers towards pedagogical decision-making within the complexity of the classroom. In this article we focus on the mathematics mentoring practices of 1 primary school teacher at a university-affiliated teaching school in Johannesburg. The teacher had many years of experience and had undergone some development as a mentor over a period of 5 years. With the research reported on here, we aimed at gaining insight into how the teacher conceptualised her mentoring encounters with student teachers and how this aligned with her mentoring practices and processes. Using a qualitative case study design and multiple methods of data collection, the findings point to the mentor teacher making substantial progress towards functioning as an expert teacher. However, the data confirmed a fluctuation in enactment of mentoring between experienced and expert teacher, in both generalised and subject-specific contexts. The implications of the findings are relevant for the thousands of school teachers who mentor student teachers and novice teachers, particularly in primary schools where teachers are often generalists and not subject specialists. The findings could also inform guidelines and policy briefs for training by higher education institutions, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) and the South African Council of Educators in order to support the development of expert mentor teachers.
Release kinetics modeling and fungal control potential of encapsulated thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil
Authors: Muñoz-González B. I. , Sandoval-Castilla O. , Meléndez-Gómez N. , Hahn-Schlam F. , Valle-Guadarrama S.
Published: May 2022

The essential oils have antifungal properties and their volatilization can be controlled through encapsulation. The work aimed at controlling the release kinetics of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil through ionic gelation encapsulation to assess the potential of inhibiting the development of Penicillium spp. Thyme essential oil was encapsulated with sodium alginate (NaAlg; 0.5 and 1.0%), calcium chloride (CaCl2; 0.8 and 2.5%), and different residence times in the calcium solution (10, 20, 40, and 60 min). Batches of capsules were placed in closed containers and volatilization was monitored. Release kinetics were evaluated through transient regime mass balances. Capsules had diameter and thickness between 2.16-2.81 and 0.20-0.46 mm, respectively. The best systems used AlgNa/CaCl2-1.0/0.8%, with residence in the calcium solution of 10 and 20 min, obtaining encapsulation efficiencies of 94.0 and 90.1%, respectively. Penicillium digitatum was inhibited through the controlled release of the essential oil.
Alterações clínicas e anatomopatológicas encontradas em um cão positivo para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina no Município de Varginha, Minas Gerais
Authors: Guedes Elizangela
Published: May 2022

A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina é uma doença severa com ampla distribuição mundial e alta de morbidade e mortalidade. Além do seu caráter zoonótico, a sintomatologia clínica é variável e até mesmo inexistente, requerendo ao Médico Veterinário uma interpretação cuidadosa das alterações físicas e anatomopatológicas. Nesse sentido, o trabalho objetivou a descrição de achados de exame físico e de necropsia em uma cadela sem raça definida, de seis anos de idade, oriunda do abrigo do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da cidade de Varginha/MG, soropositiva para Leishmaniose Visceral. Ao exame físico, foi verificada palidez de mucosas, caquexia, opacidade parcial de córnea e presença conjuntivite. Entre as alterações dermatológicas: necrose de extremidade das orelhas, eczema furfuráceo difuso, lesões crostosas e ulcerativas ao redor do focinho, cauda e metacarpo, além de alopecia periocular, pelagem opaca e descamativa, hiperqueratose de coxins e onicogrifose Macroscopicamente foram observados, durante a necropsia, alterações hepatoesplênicas, renais, pulmonares, gástricas e em linfonodos. Os resultados revelaram achados físicos e de necropsia condizentes com o diagnóstico sorológico positivo para Leishmaniose Visceral Canina. Dessa forma, torna-se importante medidas de controle e prevenção voltadas para animais errantes e residentes em abrigos de animais, uma vez que os cães são importantes na epidemiologia da Leishmaniose Humana. Cabe ao médico veterinário a identificação dos animais positivos e a execução do conceito de saúde única.
Estimation of Angles of Attack and Sideslip of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in the Absence of Aerodynamic Angle Sensors
Authors: Korsun O. N. , Daneko A. I. , Motlich P. A. , Om M. H.
Published: May 2022

A method for estimating aerodynamic angles in the absence of appropriate sensors is proposed, using measurements of three projections of flight speed carried out by the navigation system and the values of the orientation angles. The relevance of the problem being solved is determined by the fact that on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) sensors of aerodynamic angles, that is, angles of attack and slip, are often not installed due to restrictions on dimensions and mass. The proposed method is based on the joint use of mathematical models of aircraft motion, known from flight dynamics, and the theory of parametric identification of dynamic systems. The key factor ensuring the accuracy of the proposed method is the use of very accurate measurements of three UAV velocity projections performed by a satellite navigation system or an inertial navigation system with satellite correction. To account for the influence of wind, parametric identification of three projections of wind speed is provided. Another feature of the method is that instead of the missing aerodynamic angle sensors, it is proposed to use information about the aerodynamic coefficients of the lifting and lateral forces of the UAV. If these coefficients are known with errors, their values are also specified by identification methods. The dimension of the identification problem turns out to be low in the range of small and medium angles of attack when the aerodynamic dependencies are linear. The results of testing the proposed method based on simulation data on the flight test bench of a modern training aircraft for nine different flight modes under conditions of simulating random errors of onboard measurements corresponding to the flight experiment are presented.
Managing arrhythmias - A guide to Physicians
Authors: V Kumar , A Arora , P Suri , V Arora
Published: May 2022

Cardiac arrhythmia is a condition in which the heart beats with an irregular rhythm. There is an abnormality in the site of the origin of impulse, rate, or conduction. Arrhythmia affects millions of people around the world. While they may occur at any age, they are most commonly seen in older patients. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) often occurs as a result of arrhythmias. SCD accounts for nearly 50% of deaths due to cardiovascular disease and about 15% of all deaths globally. About 80% of SCD occur as a result of ventricular arrhythmias [1]. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFl) resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013 — a stark increase from 29,000 in 1990. A patient may present with symptoms of palpitation, giddiness, uneasiness, syncope, SCD, or with non-specific complaints. A lot of patients may remain asymptomatic for variable periods till the first episode and in-between episodes.
Entrevista a Sheila Jeffreys
Authors: Delicado-Moratalla Lydia
Published: May 2022

Entrevista a Sheila Jeffreys
Brecha digital y educación virtual: entendiendo la exclusión social desde el caso de los colegios públicos de Cali
Authors: Restrepo-Quiceno Sebastián , Lozano Ríos Aura María , Saavedra Montoya Daniela
Published: May 2022

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado incontables esferas de las sociedades urbanas a nivel global, principalmente la de aquellos que históricamente ya se encontraban en desventaja antes de la llegada del virus. La educación primaria oficial en Cali no ha sido la excepción, por lo que este trabajo estudia cómo la pandemia ha actuado sobre los procesos de exclusión que ya existían antes de la coyuntura y como, a su vez, ha potenciado nuevas formas de exclusión por cuenta de la virtualidad en la que se imparten las clases con el fin de garantizar el distanciamiento social. De esta manera, se revisa la exclusión con relación al concepto de brecha digital, que a su vez se puede entender no solo desde la falta de acceso e infraestructura sino también en términos de literacidad digital y capacidad de aprovechamiento de las herramientas. Finalmente, se hace una crítica al concepto de brecha digital, que si bien es pertinente para entender la exclusión, debe entenderse como el resultado de una serie de procesos estructurales que van más allá de lo meramente tecnológico.
La exclusión del sector de trabajo informal en Cali durante la pandemia: una aproximación desde la perspectiva de Robert Castel.
Authors: Vargas Laura , Arroyave Santiago , Galeano Nicolás , Vélez Sofía
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es considerar cómo la situación de vulnerabilidad de los y las trabajadoras informales de la ciudad de Cali se ha reflejado en la pandemia. Para esto se tiene en cuenta la perspectiva de Robert Castel, pues según el autor las situaciones de vulnerabilidad pueden devenir o contener dinámicas de exclusión social. Así, se toman como componentes de esas dinámicas las contradicciones inherentes a la afiliación y desafiliación a los sistemas de salud y pensión.
Icesi: una mirada hacia una educación inclusiva a estudiantes en situación de discapacidad.
Authors: Llerena Fernanda
Published: May 2022

Este artículo explora los procesos de inclusión educativa de las/ los estudiantes en situación de discapacidad visual o con neurodiversidad en la Universidad Icesi. De esta manera, se analizan las Políticas de Igualdad de Trato y la Política de Educación Inclusiva, a través de las experiencias pedagógicas realizadas hasta el momento en el campus universitario. Es importante aclarar, que las anteriores políticas abarcan espectros mucho más amplios como pueden ser aspectos: económicos, étnicos, género y también de población migrante.

 Es por medio de esta revisión, que se identifica una transformación continua en el aprendizaje y en el seguimiento que realizan distintos centros de la institución, los cuales aportan mucho valor para un proceso de inclusión significativo. De esta manera, el propósito principal que evidencia este artículo es identificar si se logra aportar a la construcción de un ambiente de igualdad de oportunidades para todos y todas en el escenario académico, de acuerdo también a los lineamientos normativos nacionales e internacionales que protegen los derechos a la educación y velan por el respeto de la diversidad.
¡El pueblo no se rinde en la pandemia!
Authors: Valencia Valor Daniela , Peréz Ana Gabriela , Roa Miguel , Valderrama Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2022

El 2020 estuvo marcado por el número de medidas restrictivas emitidas para enfrentar la pandemia del Covid-19[1], fortalecer y preparar el sistema de salud nacional y proteger la salud de los colombianos. Además de la evidente crisis en el sistema de salud, dada su incapacidad para atender un número significativo de ciudadanos, las medidas de confinamiento adoptadas por las autoridades nacionales, regionales y municipales produjeron una crisis social y económica nunca antes vista. Amplios sectores de la sociedad colombiana se quedaron sin empleo o fuente de ingresos. En este sentido, la privación de recursos para el sostenimiento de las familias fue extendida a varios estratos del país. Las carencias económicas para cubrir las necesidades básicas de los hogares colombianos se sintieron tanto en los sectores populares, como en las clases medias y profesionales del país.
Modelo para el diseño de un organizador avanzado: el encuentro entre aprendizaje significativo y el storytelling.
Authors: Moreno Daniel Felipe
Published: May 2022

Un organizador avanzado es una herramienta que se propone desde la teoría del aprendizaje significativo de Ausubel, y que sirve para mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje de una unidad de trabajo cuando se presenta como un material previo. En este trabajo se propone un modelo para la construcción de un organizador basado en la narración oral de historias. Para conseguirlo, se hará una revisión de la teoría del aprendizaje significativo en aras de comprender la lógica y los principios de un organizador. Posteriormente, se hace un breve acercamiento al concepto de storytelling junto con una justificación de su uso para el aprendizaje. Finalmente, se propone el modelo para la construcción de un organizador basado en el storytelling, que puede ser usado por cualquier docente, de cualquier área frente a cualquier público.
The Filtration of 2D Electrophoresis Data during Creation of a Learning Set for Prediction of the Value of the Isoelectric Point of Proteins
Authors: Skvortsov V.S. , Rybina A.V.
Published: May 2022

A number of simple filters formulated from general considerations that take into account the peculiarities of the experiments as well as results obtained in 2D electrophoresis experiments are considered. These filters can be used for automated dataset formation and verification of learning of system for predicting protein isoelectric point values. These include: (i) filtering obvious errors introduced during initial database formation; (ii) selection of a known plausible range of values; (iii) selection of a single variant among various proteoforms; (iv) selection within a preset value of electrophoretic shift deviation, etc. Using a dataset combining data from 8 maps of Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Rattus norvegicus, the application of this set of filters improved the R2 value of predictions from 0.44 to 0.67.
Modelo de negocios en la salud e investigación clínica: la cuestión de las patentes en la ciencia
Authors: Ovalle-Gómez Constanza
Published: May 2022

Propósito/Contexto. En este artículo se exponen las tendencias y las características de un modelo de negocio que la industria farmacéutica ha venido imponiendo con la ayuda del desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos a los que se les cuestiona su “altura inventiva” y que, a pesar de ello, les son otorgadas las patentes de segunda generación, considerándose esta una práctica abusiva y que favorece el incremento de los precios de estas innovaciones en el mercado.Metodología/Enfoque. Mediante la presentación de un caso: “la declaración de interés público del medicamento imatinib en Colombia” se identifican las estrategias y las maniobras anticompetitivas que dejan pocas oportunidades a los Estados para distribuir de manera equitativa los beneficios de las invenciones de medicamentos. En el análisis bioético del caso se caracteriza el dilema como tipo práctico, esto es, aquel en el que persisten requerimientos morales en tensión con un interés privado, en esta ocasión, entre la salud pública, por un lado, y la propiedad intelectual como política internacional, por el otro.Resultados/Hallazgos. La tesis es que este es un problema transfronterizo sintomático de la falta de justicia global en razón a la suplantación del sentido de “bien común” que ha acallado los vínculos sociales, solidarios y colaborativos.Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Se insta a un consenso sobre las bases sociales y el respeto de la dignidad de las personas, un mandato de solidaridad superior en beneficio del bien común y el “florecimiento de la humanidad”.
USO DA PEGADA DE CARBONO COMO FERRAMENTA DE PRODUÇÃO MAIS LIMPA EM UMA EMPRESA ALIMENTÍCIA
Authors: Soares João Francisco De Sousa , Caselli Francisco de Tarso Ribeiro , Soares Rafael Diego Barbosa , Dos Santos Maria do Socorro Ferreira
Published: May 2022

O presente trabalho investigou os ganhos da aplicação da Produção mais limpa utilizando a Pegada de Carbono como Ferramenta em uma indústria alimentícia buscando aumentar a eficiência do processo e reduzir os custos. O cálculo da pegada de carbono foi realizado em cada etapa do processo produtivo pelo período de um mês, levando-se em consideração a massa dos principais gases emitidos (CO2eq, CO2, CH4 e N2O). O cálculo do total de kWh/mês se deu pelo produto entre às horas/mês que o equipamento funciona em função da potência em kW de cada equipamento. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível uma economia por parte das finanças em razão da redução dos custos pagos em energia elétrica de 37% e redução de emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa de 41%.
RESÍDUOS DE EQUIPAMENTOS ELETROELETRÔNICOS: proposição de um fluxograma para proteção ambiental
Authors: Santos Edilene Lima , Marchi Cristina Maria Dacach Fernandez
Published: May 2022

Desde 2015, o Brasil se encontra como o primeiro produtor de resíduo eletroeletrônico da América Latina e o segundo nas Américas. O levantamento das perspectivas para manejo adequado destes resíduos é imprescindível. O presente artigo propõe uma revisão da literatura sobre as possibilidades de manejo apropriado para os resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos - REEE, com ênfase em resíduos de computadores e dos seus componentes. Utiliza metodologia qualitativa, quando foram consultadas as bases de dados nos portais da Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) dentre outros. Conclui-se que no Brasil inúmeras leis asseguram o manejo de REEE, a exemplo da Lei Federal nº 12.305/2010 e o Decreto nº 10.240. Entretanto, na prática isto ainda não ocorre.
ALTERNATIVA SUSTENTÁVEL DE USO DA BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS NO BIOCONTROLE DE FUNGOS FITOPATOGÊNICOS: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Abreu Luciana De Paiva Santos , Berbert Pedro Amorim , Teodoro Carlos Eduardo De Souza , Martinazzo Ana Paula
Published: May 2022

Atualmente a crescente preocupação com questões ambientais relacionadas ao uso de defensivos agrícolas químicos levou à busca de novas tecnologias para atuar como substitutas no manejo de pragas e doenças. Neste cenário surgiram múltiplos estudos nos quais foram testadas diferentes cepas da espécie bacteriana gram-positiva Bacillus amyloliquefaciens no biocontrole de microrganismos fitopatogênicos, inclusive fungos. A bactéria apresentou bons resultados também na promoção do crescimento de algumas espécies de plantas. Através de levantamento bibliográfico, a proposta deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo dos principais resultados obtidos nas pesquisas, assim como o mecanismo de ação pelo qual a bactéria age visando o controle do crescimento dos fungos. Uma classe de biossurfactantes, os lipopeptídeos foi identificada como a principal responsável pela inibição dos fungos. Dentre eles os que se mostraram mais relevantes foram a iturina, a surfactina e a fengicina. Através desta pesquisa é possível avaliar novas alternativas sustentáveis para reduzir ou até mesmo eliminar algumas espécies de fungos responsáveis por grandes estragos na agricultura.Palavras-chave: Controle Biológico; Lipopeptídeos; Antifúngico; Antagonista.
Dowód z zeznań świadka na piśmie – zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Rybak Alicja
Published: May 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba przybliżenia instytucji pisemnych zeznań świadka uregulowanej w art. 2711 k.p.c., wprowadzonej ustawą z dnia 4 lipca 2019 roku o zmianie ustawy Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw, do której zgłaszane są liczne zastrzeżenia. Autorka podejmuje próbę rozstrzygnięcia, czy dowód z zeznań świadka w formie pisemnej powinien być uważany za dowód o mniejszej mocy dowodowej oraz wiarygodności w stosunku do dowodu z zeznań świadka w formie ustnej. W opracowaniu poruszono także kwestię możliwości dołączania pisemnych zeznań do pozwu oraz przeprowadzenia tego dowodu w postępowaniu odrębnym w sprawach gospodarczych. Wskazane zagadnienia rozpatrywano, opierając się na metodzie dogmatycznoprawnej. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, iż pisemne zeznania świadka są równorzędną formą dowodu z zeznań świadka, albowiem nie powinno się im odmawiać mocy dowodowej oraz wiarygodności. Zdaniem autorki wprowadzenie art. 2711 k.p.c. należy ocenić pozytywnie.
Ograniczenia konstytucyjnego prawa do sądu — zarys problematyki
Authors: Węcławska-Misiurek Magdalena
Published: May 2022

Konstytucyjne prawo do sądu, uregulowane w art. 45 ust. 1 Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, odgrywa niezwykle istotną rolę w demokratycznym państwie prawa. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie i zbadanie ograniczeń konstytucyjnego prawa do sądu. W tekście została poruszona problematyka definicji prawa do sądu, dopuszczalności ograniczeń, pojęcia sprawy, organu, zasady sprawiedliwości proceduralnej i formalizmu procesowego oraz barier ekonomicznych. Prawo do sądu jest podstawą i gwarancją wszystkich innych praw. Nie jest jednak prawem bezwzględnym i dopuszczalne są jego ograniczenia. Kluczowe jest w tym względzie spełnienie wskazanych w art. 31 ust. 3 Konstytucji RP przesłanek oraz art. 77 ust. 2 Konstytucji RP.
Procedura powoływania i odwoływania wiceprezesów Najwyższej Izby Kontroli a gwarancje ich niezależności — wnioski de lege lata i postulaty de lege ferenda
Authors: Wolanin Mikołaj
Published: May 2022

Autor czyni rozważania na temat tego, czy znana w obecnym kształcie procedura powoływania i odwoływania wiceprezesów(-ek) Najwyższej Izby Kontroli sprawia, że będzie można stwierdzić ich niezależność względem przede wszystkim polskiej władzy wykonawczej, ale też innych środowisk, które NIK może kontrolować. W tym celu autor opisuje procedurę powoływania na to stanowisko oraz odwoływania z niego i stara się wypunktować możliwe zagrożenia dla zachowania pełnej niezależności samej procedury, a także konkretnych osób powoływanych bądź odwoływanych z funkcji wiceprezesa(-ski) NIK-u, biorąc pod uwagę między innymi ustrojowe uwarunkowania polskiego systemu politycznego. Zauważywszy zagrożenia, autor de lege ferenda proponuje wprowadzenie odpowiednich rozwiązań prawnych mających na celu zminimalizowanie możliwości wpływu różnych środowisk, które NIK może kontrolować, na samą procedurę powoływania i odwoływania jej wiceprezesów(-ek), a także na konkretne osoby mające zająć bądź utracić to stanowisko.
System opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce i we Francji — analiza komparatywna
Authors: Mika Magdalena
Published: May 2022

Zdrowie jest jedną z podstawowych wartości w życiu człowieka niezależnie od jego miejsca zamieszkania czy przynależności kulturowej. Szczególnie widoczne jest to obecnie, w XXI wieku, kiedy wartość zdrowia jest coraz częściej podkreślana. Organizacja sposobu świadczenia usług opieki zdrowotnej jest jednak w każdym kraju inna. Różnice wynikają przede wszystkim ze stosunku politycznego wobec ochrony zdrowia w danym kraju, a co za tym idzie — ze śródków finansowych na nią przeznaczanych.

Niniejsza praca ma na celu porównanie systemu opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce i we Francji oraz określenie mocnych i słabych stron opieki w obydwu państwach. Pod uwagę zostaną wzięte zarówno czynniki ekonomiczne mające wpływ na jakość świadczonych usług, jak i zasoby służby zdrowia poszczególnych krajów. Przeanalizowane zostaną również opinie pacjentów, a więc tych, których jakość służby zdrowia dotyka w największym stopniu. Analiza obejmuje lata 2013–2019, tak aby zidentyfikować stan opieki zdrowotnej przed okresem pandemii COVID-19. Źródłem informacji były dane wtórne — dane statystyczne publikowane zarówno przez organizacje międzynarodowe, jak i bazy krajowe.
Selenium confined in ZIF-8 derived porous carbon@MWCNTs 3D networks: tailoring reaction kinetics for high performance lithium-selenium batteries
Authors: Li Hongyan , Li Chao , Wang Yingying , Sun Ming-Hui , Dong Wenda , Li Yu , Su Bao-Lian
Published: May 2022

Lithium-selenium battery is nowadays a highly competing technology to the commercial Li-ion battery because it has a high volumetric capacity of 3253 mAh cm-3 and gravimetric capacity of 675 mAh g-1. However, the practical application of lithium-selenium (Li-Se) batteries is impeded by the shuttle effect of the soluble polyselenides during the cycling process. Herein, we report the in situ growth and pyrolysis of the metal-organic framework zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) on three-dimensional (3D) interconnected highly conductive multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The obtained composites are used to anchor Se for advanced Li-Se batteries. Compared with the isolated ZIF-8 derived microporous carbon, our synthesized ZIF-8 derived porous carbon@MWCNTs (ZIF-8-C@MWCNTs) 3D highly conductive networks facilitate lithium ion diffusion and electron transportation. The particle size of ZIF-8 crystals has an important impact on the battery performance. By adjusting the particle size of ZIF-8, the electrochemical reaction kinetics in ZIF-8-C@MWCNTs 3D networks can be tuned. The optimized particle size of ZIF-8 around 300-500 nm coated on MWCNTs composite achieves an excellent initial discharge capacity of 756 mAh g-1 and a stabilized capacity of 468 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C after 200 cycles. Combining the 3D MWCNTs with the appropriate size of ZIF-8 derived microporous carbon particles could highly improve the performance of the Li-Se battery. This work provides significant guidance for further structural design and host particle size selection for high-performance Li-Se batteries.
When Does the Human Embryonic Heart Start Beating? A Review of Contemporary and Historical Sources of Knowledge About the Onset of Blood Circulation in Man
Authors: Männer Jörg
Published: May 2022

The onset of embryonic heart beating may be regarded as the defining feature for the beginning of personal human life. Clarifying the timing of the 1st human heartbeat, therefore, has religious, philosophical, ethical, and medicolegal implications. This article reviews the historical and contemporary sources of knowledge on the beginning of human heart activity. Special attention is given to the problem of the determination of the true age of human embryos and to the problem of visualization of the human embryonic heart activity. It is shown that historical and current textbook statements about the onset of blood circulation in man do not derive from observations on living human embryos but derive from the extrapolation of observations on animal embryos to the human species. This fact does not preclude the existence of documented observations on human embryonic heart activity: Modern diagnostic (ultrasound) and therapeutic (IVF) procedures facilitate the visualization of early embryonic heart activity in precisely dated pregnancies. Such studies showed that the human heart started its pumping action during the 4th post-fertilization week. A small number of direct observations on the heart activity of aborted human embryos were reported since the 19th century but did not receive much recognition by embryologists.
A Reality We Have to Face in the Era of Tenofovir-Derived Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Antiretroviral Therapy: A Paradigm Shift From the Reduction of HIV Risk to the Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease?
Authors: Lew Jason , Yee Ilias
Published: May 2022

The introduction of tenofovir-derived prodrugs has revolutionised the prevention and management of HIV, which has coincided with 23% reduction in new HIV incidences globally. To date, there are two formulations of tenofovir-derived nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI): tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC). Although these prodrugs have shown favourable safety profile, their effects on cardiovascular health are differ from one another: TDF/FTC exhibits potential lipid-lowering effect, TAF/FTC demonstrates potential lipid-inducing effect, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, this issue has not been previously elucidated, especially among the marginalised populations [lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) and men who have sex with men (MSM)] who are likely be the main users of these prodrugs. This is of clinically significance as the cardiovascular health in these populations is often overlooked, in addition to a lack of appropriate cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm. Therefore, this review aims to (1) highlight the cardiovascular risks of tenofovir-derived prodrugs in the marginalized populations, and also to (2) establish the importance of having a cardiovascular risk prediction model that is specific to this particular populations so that their health management could be more comprehensive.
Comparative Efficacy of Single Pill Combinations of Azilsartan Medoxomil/Chlorthalidone and Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Hypertension and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kobalava Zh. D. , Safarova A. F. , Gudieva Kh. M. , Markova M. A. , Petrosyan A. E.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To study the effects of azilsartan medoxomil/chlorthalidone (AZM/CTD) and losartan/hydrochlorothiazide (LOS/HCT) combinations for NTproBNP levels, 6-minute walk test results, hydration status along with their antihypertensive efficacy according to clinical and 24-hour blood pressure in patients with hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Material and methods. An open randomized study included 56 patients with uncontrolled or untreated hypertension and HFpEF. Patients randomized to receive the AZM/CTD 40/12.5 mg/day (group 1; n=28) or LOS/HCT 100/12.5 (group 2; n=28) within 4 weeks. Patients who did not achieve the target BP <140/<90 mm Hg study drug dose was intensified: in the first group, an increase in the dose of AZM/CTD 40/25 mg/day, in the second group, an increase in the dose of LOS/HCT 100/25 mg/day. The observation period was 12 weeks. All patients underwent a clinical examination with an assessment of symptoms and/or signs of HF, laboratory and instrumental studies, including NT-proBNP, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, applanation tonometry, a 6-minute walk test (6MWT), echocardiography. In order to assess the status of hydration, bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) was performed. HFpEF was diagnosed according to the HFA-PEFF algorithm. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

Results. After 12 weeks, 92% of patients in the first and 78% of patients in the second group reached the target clinical BP (р<0,05). Average daily BP <130/ <80 mm Hg was reached by 82% of patients treated with the combination of AZM/CTD, compared with 67% treated with the combination of losartan/HCT (p<0.05). After 12 weeks, patients from both groups showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, central blood pressure, and a decrease in pulse wave velocity, which was more significantly significant in the first group of patients (p<0.05). During therapy in both groups of patients, a significant decrease in the level of NT-proBNP was observed: in the first group from 300 [199; 669] pg/ml to 156 [157; 448] pg/ml (p=0,003), in the second group from 298 [180; 590] pg/ml to 194 [140; 360] pg/ml (p=0,006), an increase in the distance during the 6MWT from 317 [210; 398] m to 380 [247; 455] m (p=0,006) in in the first group and an improvement in the hydration status according to the BIA data, but more significantly significant in the first group (p<0.001).

Conclusion. In patients with hypertension and HFpEF, therapy with the AZM/CTD combination compared with LOS/HCT is accompanied by a more pronounced antihypertensive effect in terms of ambulatory and peripheral blood pressure, central blood pressure, NTproBNP levels, increased distance in 6MWT and achievement of euvolemia status.
Leading Factors of Progression in Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Rameeva A. S. , Rameev V. V. , Bobkova I. N. , Safarova A. F. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Moiseev S. V.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To describe prognostic meaning of cardiac and other principal clinical manifestations of systemic AL-amyloidosis in their interrelations.Material and methods. It has been made long-time survival analysis of 147 patients with systemic AL-amyloidosis. In the special investigation group (n=58) of AL (n=55) and ATTR (n=3) amyloidotic cardiopathy patients there were evaluated prognostically important structural and functional changes in myocardium with standard and impulse-wave tissue dopplerometric echocardiography in comparison with NTproBNP serum levels.Results. Even though significantly increased nowadays surviving of AL-amylodotic patients (Me=90 months) it has been found that as at previously time orthostatic hypotension and amyloid cardiopathy are being most severe initial syndromes (median 25 months), but after 1 year from diagnosis influence of these syndromes on surviving had decreased and most low surviving was more common in patients with CKD 3-5 (median 28 months). Influence of CKD 3-5 on surviving was associated predominantly with intracardial hemodynamics deterioration. Together with decreased systolic shortening strain rate (48,5%) decreased filtration rate (47,9%) was second of main factors contributing into NTproBNP increasing in effective multiple regression model (R=0,702, F(4,21)=5,095, p=0,005). NTproBNP level in less degree depended on renal clearance.Conclusion. Heart damage is one of the most prognostically unfavorable manifestations of systemic amyloidosis due to a sharp deterioration in the elastic properties of the myocardium, in the process of further development of amyloidosis, the leading factor in progression is the deterioration of the profile of cardiorenal interactions, the marker of which is the level of NTproBNP.
Galectin-3 as a Marker of Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Dragomiretskaya N. A. , Kazadaeva A. V. , Belyaev Yu. G. , Tolmacheva A. V.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To assess the effect of renal dysfunction on the galectin-3 level in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) with preserved, intermediate and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (EF).Material and methods. Along with a clinical examination, 69 patients with HF (NYHA class II-IV) underwent tests for the level of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 in serum using enzyme immunoassay.Results. Study participants were divided into 3 groups: 23 patients with preserved EF (HFpEF), 26 patients with midrange EF (HFmrEF), 20 patients with reduced EF (HFrEF). There was a trend to increase the concentration of galectin-3 with increase in NT-proBNP level. Correlation analysis showed significant feedback (r=−0.41, p<0.05) between galectin-3 and EF only in patients with preserved systolic function. In the same group of HFpEF patients, the maximum serum galectin-3 level was 10.5 [6.5; 14.5] ng/ml. Serum galectin-3 level showed negative correlated with the GFR in patients with CHF (r=−0.513, p<0.05). In patients with HF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 it was higher than in patients with GFR>60 ml/min/1.72 m2 (9 [5.3; 12.6] ng/mL vs 11.8 [6.2; 15.3] ng/mL, p<0.05). According to the ROC-analysis data, galectin-3 level >10.3 ng/ml indicates a high risk of chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 stage development (sensitivity 60%, specificity 75%) and can be considered as a risk factor for development of cardiorenal syndrome in HF patients.Conclusion. Galectin-3 level in patients with HF is more influenced by the degree of reduction in GFR rather than the left ventricular systolic function impairment.
The Influence of Multivessel Bypass Surgery on the Onset of Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Patients
Authors: Rubanenko O. A. , Rubanenko A. O.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To study the factors associated with the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) with single- or two- or more vascular bypass grafting in elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods. The study included 454 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent CABG. Patients were divided into 4 groups: 1 group – with single-vessel bypass, 2 group – with 2-vessels, 3 group – with 3-vessels and 4 group with 4-vessels bypass. During the observation period postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurred in 7.5% of patients in group 1, 18.4% in group 2, 17.5% in group 3 and 19.2% of patients in group 4. Since there were no significant differences in the incidence of POAF in patients with 2-4-vessels bypass grafting, these groups were combined for further analysis. 2 groups are allocated: Group I comprised patients with single-vessel bypass graft (79 patients, 76.0% of males, the average age of 65.0 [63.0;68.0] years), Group II – with 2-4-vessels bypass grafts (357 patients, 78.4% of males, the median age of 67.5 [64.5;69.0] years).Results. POAF occurred in 7.5% of patients in group I and in 18.4% of patients in group II (p=0.03) on the median 4.9 [1.2;8.7] day after coronary artery bypass graft. The multivariate regression analysis showed that indicators, associated with POAF development in patients undergoing CABG were the following: aortic cross-clamping time >36 min (odds ratio [OR)]1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.8; p=0.030), time of ischemia >19 min (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-3.3; p=0.020), age >65 years (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1,1-4,1; p=0.010), left atrium diameter >39 mm (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.5-5.4; p=0.005), left ventricular ejection fraction <51% (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2-3.0; p=0.04).Conclusion. In our study, atrial fibrillation in the early postoperative period was more common in patients undergoing multivessel coronary bypass surgery. Indicators, significantly associated with POAF in patients undergoing Coronary artery bypass graft were aortic cross-clamping time >36 minutes, time of ischemia >19 minutes, age >65 years, left atrium diameter >39 mm and left ventricular ejection fraction <51%.
Possibilities of Detecting Pre-clinical Forms of Atherosclerosis During Periodic Preventive Inspections in Organized Collectives at Workers of Machine Building Enterprises
Authors: Britov A. N. , Eliseeva N. A. , Deev A. D. , Shalnova S. A.
Published: May 2022

Aim. To study the structural and functional features of the carotid and femoral arteries using ultrasound duplex scanning of them in patients with hypertension undergoing periodic preventive medical examination.Material and methods. Periodic preventive examination was carried out for 2431 employees (1311 men and 1120 women) aged 20-65 years using a specially developed questionnaire, blood pressure measurement, anthropometry, total cholesterol test. Hypertensive men were assessed for preclinical manifestations of atherosclerosis by ultrasound duplex scanning of the carotid and femoral arteries.Results. Hypertensive men (BP ≥140/90 mmHg and/or taking antihypertensive drugs; n=176, mean age 43.5 years) were included in the study. An increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex in the carotid arteries was found in 22.2% (n=38) people, in the femoral arteries – in 34.1% (n=60) people, in both basins – in 16.5% (n= 29) man. Atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries were found in 40.3% of people (n=71), and in the femoral arteries – in 34.7% (n=61) of people, in both pools – in 23.9% (n=42) of men.Conclusion. Ultrasound diagnostic using modern ultrasound scanners is a highly informative method for non-invasive diagnosis of atherosclerosis in the arteries of the carotid and femoral basins in employees of a large industrial enterprise with arterial hypertension in the conditions of the medical and sanitary department. Carrying out these diagnostic approaches is advisable when organizing periodic medical examinations in order to improve primary prevention, as well as to prevent the aggravation of the identified pathological process, reduce complications, improve quality and increase life expectancy.
Hostility, Anger, Psycho-emotional Factors and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Andreeva G. F. , Gorbunov V. M.
Published: May 2022

The review presents the main aspects of the relationship between psychoemotional factors, hostility, anger and cardiovascular diseases. The first chapter describes the main historical stages in the study of this problem, starting from the Middle Ages and ending with fundamental research of the 19-20 centuries. In the second part, the authors demonstrated that hostility/anger are a risk factor for the CVD development and affect the prognosis and course of CVD (hypertension, ischemic heart disease, various cardiac arrhythmias, etc.). In the third chapter, there were studies that found that high rates of hostility/ anger reduced the effectiveness of cardiovascular therapy. In the fourth part, there are the main correlation mechanisms of negative emotions, hostility/anger and the cardiovascular system, carried out through the relationships with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, autonomic nervous system, platelet activation, with the changes in the risk factors characteristics etc. In the final chapter, the authors suggested prospects for further study of the problem, probably associated with the assessment of behavioral interventions, pharmacological or complex effects on the severity of hostility/anger to reduce CVD mortality in individuals with high rates of hostility / anger.