bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disaster Management Preparedness in the Education Sector in Kenya – A Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Authors: Stephen W Ndung’u Prof. Fr. Stephen Mbugua Ngari;
Published: May 2021

This study examined the disaster management preparedness in the education sector in Kenya, with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic period. The study adopted destktop literature review for data collection. The collected data pertains e-learning in Kenya and in other countries during the time of  the novel coronavirus pandemic. Notably, the education sector, like in many other countries, seeks to actualise the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in line with the United Nations and the Education for All (EFA) movement lead by UNESCO (MacEwen, et al., 2011). Examples of these events are; accidents such as the one evident in Kakamega Primary School where the school closed for about two weeks (Daily Nation, 2020), attack by militia groups as was the case of Garissa University in 2015, intercommunity wars that lead to displacements, famine, and fires. These disasters and events, whenever they strike, have led to the closure of affected institutions of learning to pave the way for interventions. Garissa University is a leading example since it had to close for about nine months in 2015-2016 (BBC, 2016). In Kenya, disasters and other events disrupt the progress towards achieving MDGs and EFA time to time, and that was the inspiration for this study. The study concludes that disasters like nature patterns, militia groups, electricity faults, and those instigated by learners can derail learning in education and cause loss of lives. As such, online learning comes in handy to lessen such disasters. The possibility of such learning model has been tested and proved during COVID-19 pandemic and it has been successful in many institutions of higher learning and middle level colleges.
An analysis of Situational Barriers Affecting Postgraduate Students in Private Universities in Kenya
Authors: Betty Jeruto Tikoko
Published: May 2021

This study investigated situational challenges affecting postgraduate students in a private university in Kenya. It was motivated by the low completion rates in postgraduate studies, with many students completing their studies far beyond the stipulated time period. While many obstacles may hinder postgraduate student progress in their studies, it was found necessary to investigate situational challenges that could hinder students’ progress. The study utilised a survey design. Using a sample of 20 postgraduate students, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Frequencies and percentages were the statistics used to make related findings and interpretation. It was found that students experienced work-related challenges, and distance to consult supervisors were the greatest challenges. However, students reported high self-confidence that they could complete their studies on time and possessed adequate proposal/thesis writing skills. It was therefore concluded that student counselling services be provided by the institution to adequately guide the students in balancing work and studies. Online supervisory platforms should also be provided to address the time that students took to travel to meet with their supervisors.
The Influence of School Resources on Instruction of Kiswahili Grammar in Baringo Central Sub-County
Authors: Githinji Damaris Gakii , Lihanda Milton Kigaro
Published: May 2021

The study set out to investigate how school resources influence the instruction of Kiswahili grammarin Baringo Central Sub-County. Kiswahili is among the core subjects taught in secondary schoolscurriculum in Kenya. It is the official and national language in the Republic of Kenya. There, however,have been several challenges affecting the subject in schools. From the study, it was established that66.7% of sampled schools lacked the necessary teaching and learning resources like library and classeshence impeding academic achievement. The study will be useful in helping school authorities, theMinistry of Education, County authorities and other stakeholders to understand the role played byresource availability in facilitating the instruction of Kiswahili grammar in Baringo Central Sub-County.It recommends that the Ministry of Education, school authorities, County authorities and otherstakeholders should provide enough facilities and resources for teaching and learning like libraries andclassrooms.
Ulinganishi wa Matatizo Ya Kijamii Yanayowakumba Majagina Katika Tendi Za Mikidadi Na Mayasa Na Kalevala
Authors: Mwangi Jackson Ndung’u , Nabea Prof. Wendo , Wandera-Simwa Dr Sheila
Published: May 2021

Uwepo wa tendi katika maeneo ya Afrika umezua mjadala na mgogoro mkali mno katika jamii ya usomi.  Hii ni kutokana na rai kuwa wasomi na watafiti wengi kutoka maeneo ya Kimagharibi walidai kuwa Afrika hakuna tendi ila kinachodaiwa kuitwa tendi ni masimulizi ya kisifo tu. Wahakiki wengine wamezifutilia mbali tendi hizi kwa kudai kuwa maudhui yake ni ya kichawi na sihiri. Pia, vigezo vya kuainisha tendi vilivyotumiwa na wanazuo wa Kimagharibi vilikuwa vya kimaeneo na kimakusudi, walidhalilisha tendi za Kiafrika. Licha ya kuwa kuliibuka watafiti wa Kiafrika na kudai kuwa Afrika kuna tendi, wao pia walielekea kutumia vigezo ambavyo ni vya kimaeneo. Ili kujaribu kutatua mzozo na utata uliopo kuhusu uwepo wa tendi katika maeneo ya Kiafrika, utafiti huu ulinuia kuchunguza iwapo kuna uwiano wa matatizo ya kijamii yanayowakumba majagina baina ya tendi za maeneo haya mawili. Madhumuni makuu yalikuwa kutathmini iwapo kuna uwiano wa matatizo ya kijamii yanayowakumba majagina baina ya tendi za Kiafrika na zile za Kimagharibi licha ya tendi za Kiafrika kufutiliwa mbali na baadhi ya wasomi wa Kimagharibi. Mtafiti alinua kutafiti tendi mbili ambazo ni Utendi wa Mikidadi na Mayasa unaopatikana Afrika na Utendi wa Kalevala unaopatikana Finland katika maeneo ya Kimagharibi. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Ruwaza ya Shujaa iliyoasisiwa Joseph Campbell (1987). Utafiti huu ni wa muundo wa kiudhamano na mahali pa utafiti palikuwa ni katika Maktaba. Inatarajiwa kuwa utafiti huu utakuwa mchango mkubwa kwa jamii ya wasomi hasa wanaoshughulikia fasihi linganishi na utajaribu kutatua ubishi ulioko kuhusu tendi za maeneo mbalimbali.
Attitude Factors Affecting Students’ Use of Short Stories in the Learning of Kiswahili Grammar in Secondary Schools in Nandi North Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Lihanda Milton Kigaro , Githinji Damaris Gakii
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to establish learners' attitude towards the use of short stories in Kiswahili grammar learning in Secondary Schools in the Nandi North Sub County. A descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. The target study population was 2326 form four students. Simple and stratified random sampling was done to arrive at 10% of the target population. 240 (n=240) secondary school students participated as respondents from public secondary schools in Nandi North Sub-County. Data was collected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistical methods like frequencies, means and percentages were used to analyse the data. The research found out that students' attitude towards the use of short stories in learning Kiswahili grammar was positive though they argued that time allocated for Kiswahili lessons was short thus hampering the use of the integrative method in the teaching and learning of Kiswahili grammar.  Based on the findings, the study provides an insight into the use of short stories for effective Kiswahili grammar skill learning by Kiswahili grammar learners embracing the use of the integrated approach in daily classroom interaction as pointed out in the annual Kenya National Examination Reports over the past years.
Uchambuzi wa Maudhui katika Matangazo ya Ngono-Salama kwenye Ukurasa wa Shabiki wa Durex Facebook
Authors: Nkumbo Douglas , Wandera-Simwa Dr Sheila , Ogola Prof. James Onyango
Published: May 2021

Usomi huu ulinuia kuchanganua matangazo ya ngono salama katika mtandao wa Facebook wa Durex. Utafiti huu ulihusu mada ambazo ni mwiko katika jamii kwa kuangazia matangazo ya ngono salama. Madhumuni ya utafiti ni kubainisha na kuchanganua maudhui ambayo yanasisitizwa katika matangazo ya Durex katika mtandao wa Facebook, kudhihirisha uhalalishaji wa matangazo ya ngono salama ili kuwashawishi wateja wengi kununua na kutumia bidhaa zao. Utafiti huu ulitumia Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Hakiki Usemi hasa kwa kuzingatia muundo wa Fairclough wa 3D na muundo wa Kress Van Leuuwan wa Isimu ya picha.Muundo wa utafiti huu ni wa kiuthamano na kimaelezo. Data ilikusanywa kwa kutazama na kusakura matangazo ya Durex katika mtandao wa Durex. Sampuli ya data ilifanywa kimakusudi kisha ilihifadhiwa kieletroniki ili kuafikia malengo ya utafiti huu, ambapo matini za picha mia moja hamsini (150) zilichaguliwa na kuchanganuliwa. Matokeo ya Utafiti huu yanadhirisha kwamba maudhui yanayosisitizwa ni hisi za raha bila kuweka wazi ashiki za ngono, durex wanatumia mbinu ya uhalalishaji wa matangazo yao ili kushawishi wateja. Utafiti huu utawafaa wasomi wa isimujamii hasa katika mawasiliano ya afya. Pia usomii huu utasaidia kuziba pengo la changamoto ya kimawasiliano ya mada ambazo ni mwiko kwa wanaondaa matangazo ya ngono salama katika jamii ili matangazo ya ngono salama yaandiliwe ambayo yanakukubalika na jamii nyingi. Hatimaye matokeo ya utafiti yatasaidia wanaoandaa mitalaa ya elimu ili kuhusisha na kuhamasisha umma kuhusu elimu ya ngono salama kwa kutumia mitandao ya kijamii.
Ujitokezaji wa Hejemonia Katika Asasi Za Kijamii: Mfano wa Dharau ya Ini, Msimu wa Vipepeo, Msururu wa Usaliti na Majilio ya Mkombozi
Authors: Prof. Wendo Nabea Harrison Onyango Ogutu; Dr. Sheila Wandera;
Published: May 2021

Watu wenye uwezo na mamlaka wanatumia madaraka yao kuwatawala wengine kwa vishawishi anuwai. Asasi za kijamii kama vile ndoa, shule, vyuo, utamaduni na malezi zinaendelea kushuhudia utawala wa wenye uwezo juu ya wasio na uwezo. Licha ya ubayana wa hali hii katika jamii, watafiti na wahakiki wa tanzu za fasihi andishi hususan riwaya hawajaonyesha namna hejemonia inajitokeza katika asasi za kijamii. Ingawa wahakiki wengi wa riwaya wameweza kuangazia masuala ya kila nui kuhusu asasi za kijamii, suala la hejemonia katika taasisi hizo lilihitaji kumulikwa. Hivyo, utafiti huu ulidhamiria kuchunguza ujitokezaji wa hejemonia katika safu ya hejemonia ya jamii kwa mujibu wa riwaya za Msimu wa Vipepeo, Dharau ya Ini, Msururu wa Usaliti na Majilio ya Mkombozi. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya hejemonia ilioasisiwa na Antonio Gramsci katika makala aliyoyaandika akiwa gerezani kati ya mwaka wa 1923 na 1936. Nadharia hii inaelezea udumishaji wa uwezo na mamlaka ya tabaka moja kuu juu ya tabaka dogo kwa kutumia mikakati anuwai. Utafiti huu ulifanyiwa maktabani ambako utaratibu wa upekuzi wa yaliyomo ulitumika kukusanya data huku mbinu ya kithamano ikitumika kuchanganua data hiyo. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatawafaa wahakiki na watafiti wa lugha na fasihi huku yakiweka wazi uwepo wa hejemonia katika asasi za jamii.
Upambanuzi wa changamoto za vijana kama inavyodhihirika katika riwaya teule za Walibora
Authors: Prof. James Onyango Ogola; Prof. Wendo Nabea Harrison Onyango Ogutu;
Published: May 2021

Utafiti huu ulilenga kubaini changamoto zilizowakabili vijana katika mazingira walimoishi kwa mujibu wa riwaya za Walibora ambazo ni Kufa Kuzikana, Ndoto ya Almasi na Kidagaa Kimemwozea. Utafiti huu ulielekezwa na nadharia ya uhalisia ambayo hushughulikia uwasilishi wa uhalisi na ukweli wa mambo katika fasihi. Imani ya mhalisia ni kwamba kazi ya fasihi huwaweka wanajamii katika ulimwengu wao wa kawaida, kweli na halisi. Mihimili ya uhalisia iliotumika katika utafiti huu ilikuwa; nguzo ya kielelezo inayosisitiza uigaji wa hali halisi kwa njia ya kweli, wazi na sahihi; nguzo ya matumizi ya lugha ya wakati uliopo na inayosheheni uhalisi na ukweli wa mambo kama yalivyo katika jamii husika ilitumika. Njia kuu ya utafiti huu ilikuwa utaratibu wa upekuzi wa yaliyomo katika ukusanyaji data huku mbinu ya kithamano ikitumika kuchanganua na kueleza data ya visa na matukio yaliyodhihirisha changamoto dhidi ya vijana. Utafiti huu   ulijikita   katika   muundo   wa   kimaelezi   ambao   ni   sahili   na   kueleza   mambo yanavyojitokeza kwa uyakinifu.Utafiti huu ulilenga wahusika vijana katika riwaya za Walibora huku akiangazia changamoto zilizowakabili. Mtafiti alitumia sampuli ya kimaksudi ambapo riwaya alizozifanyia utafiti aliziteua kwa kudhamiria kuwa zilisheheni maudhui mengi yaliyohusu changamoto halisi zilizowakabili vijana katika jamii yao. Data iliyokusanywa ilijumuisha maudhui yenye changamoto halisi zilizowakabili vijana kama vile ufisadi, ubaguzi, umaskini na ukabila. Utafiti huu ulinuiwa kuwa na natija kwa wasomi, wahakiki na watafiti wa masuala ya lugha na fasihi kwa kuwa sehemu ya kurejelewa na pia kuhamasisha   jamii kuhusu changamoto za vijana ili kusaidia kutafuta suluhu kwa changamoto hizo.
Usawiri wa Ukombozi katika Diwani ya Euphrase Kezilahabi ya Kichomi: Mtazamo wa Kidhanaishi
Authors: Dkt. Sheila Pamela Wandera-Simwa Chibayi Jason Poyi;
Published: May 2021

Makala hii inakusudia kuonyesha namna ukombozi ulivyosawiriwa kama sehemu ya falsafa ya Euphrase Kezilahabi katika diwani yake ya Kichomi.  Euphrase Kezilahabi ni mwandishi nguli wa mashairi aliyeasi magwanda ya umapokeo. Mojawapo wa sifa bainishi ya falsafa ya Kezilahabi ni ukombozi, ambayo huifanya kuwa falsafa ya uhuru yenye tafsiri nyingi ambazo ndizo msingi wa makala hii. Tahakiki nyingi kuhusu diwani hii imeshughulikia falsafa ya maisha ya Kezilahabi pasipo kuangazia usawiri wa ukombozi kama sifa bainishi ya mhimili wa uhuru. Makala hii itafafanua usawiri wa ukombozi huu kwa kutumia nadharia ya Udhanaishi iliyoasisiwa na Jean Paul Satre (1970). Sampuli ya makala hii iliteuliwa kimaksudi. Data ya kimsingi itakusanywa kwa njia ya kusoma mashairi katika diwani teule na makala mengine yanayohusiana nayo. Makala hii itachukua muundo wa kimaelezo na data itakayokusanywa  itafafanuliwa kwa njia ya maelezo kwa kuegemeza kwenye mhimili wa uhuru wa nadharia ya Udhanaishi. Uchanganuzi wa data wa makala hii utaongozwa na mbinu ya uhakiki matini. Kwa kuwa diwani za mashairi ya Kezilahabi zimekuwa taaluma ya mijadala mipana, makala hii itakuwa mchango mkubwa kwa mijadala hiyo. Itawasaidia wanataaluma ya ushairi kuelewa namna Kezilahabi anavyousawiri ukombozi wa binadamu kwenye mashairi ya diwani ya Kichomi.
Jinsi Vipengele vya Kitamaduni katika Matini Teule ya Kiswahili na Kikalenjin Vilivyochangia Mtafsiri Kuiandika Upya Bukuit Ne Tilil.
Authors: Mwanakombo Mohamed; Mosol Kandagor Jane Jepkoech Singoei;
Published: May 2021

Utafiti huu ulidhamiria kuchunguza jinsi vipengele vya kitamaduni katika matini teule ya Kiswahili na Kikalenjin vilivyochangia mtafsiri kuiandika upya Bukuit ne Tilil. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili, ambazo ni nadharia ya tafsiri vitendo ambayo ilitumika kubaini jinsi tofauti za kimazingira kati ya hadhira ya matini asilia na ya matini pokezi ilivyopelekea uandishi upya kufanyika wakati wa kutafsiri. Nadharia ya pili ni ya ulinganifu, ambapo matini asilia ililinganishwa na matini pokezi ili kubaini kama ujumbe ulihifadhiwa katika matini tafsiri. Aidha, tamaduni, matumizi ya msamiati na sarufi zililinganishwa kwa kuchunguza mikakati na mbinu zilizotumika kutafsiri matini asilia, na hivyo kubaini uandishi upya katika matini pokezi. Data zilikusanywa kupitia uchunguzi maktabani na vilevile kuwasaili washikadau katika Ofisi ya Utafsiri wa Bibilia ya Kapsabet na Shirika la Kutafsiri Biblia nchini, pamoja na wazungumza lugha ya Kikalenjin ambao walituelekeza juu ya matumizi ya baadhi ya maneno. Usampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa ili kupata data iliyotumika katika uchanganuzi. Kitabu cha Mithali katika Agano la Kale kiliteuliwa kwa minajili ya utafiti huu. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalikuwa: utamaduni wa Waswahili na wa Wakalenjin ni tofauti na hii ilipelekea uandishi upya ufanywe katika tafsiri. Utafiti unapendekeza yafuatayo: Sera za elimu kuhusu lugha za kienyeji zinafaa kutilia maanani tafsiri ya matini za kufundishia.
Namna Matumizi ya Mikakati ya Kutafsiri, Kama Uteuzi Na Mpangilio WA Maneno, Ilivyochangia katika Uandishi Upya WA Bukuit Ne Tilil.
Authors: Mosol Kandagor; Mwanakombo Mohamed Jane Jepkoech Singoei;
Published: May 2021

Utafiti huu ulidhamiria Kupambanua namna matumizi ya mikakati ya kutafsiri, ilivyochangia katika uandishi upya wa Bukuit Ne Tilil. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili, ambazo ni nadharia ya tafsiri vitendo ambayo ilitumika kubaini jinsi tofauti za kimazingira kati ya hadhira ya matini asilia na ya matini pokezi ilivyopelekea uandishi upya kufanyika wakati wa kutafsiri. Nadharia ya pili ni ya ulinganifu, ambapo matini asilia ililinganishwa na matini pokezi ili kubaini kama ujumbe ulihifadhiwa katika matini tafsiri. Aidha, tamaduni, matumizi ya msamiati na sarufi zililinganishwa kwa kuchunguza mikakati na mbinu zilizotumika kutafsiri matini asilia, na hivyo kubaini uandishi upya katika matini pokezi. Data zilikusanywa kupitia uchunguzi maktabani na vilevile kuwasaili washikadau katika Ofisi ya Utafsiri wa Bibilia ya Kapsabet na Shirika la Kutafsiri Biblia nchini, pamoja na wazungumza lugha ya Kikalenjin ambao walituelekeza juu ya matumizi ya baadhi ya maneno. Usampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa ili kupata data iliyotumika katika uchanganuzi. Kitabu cha Mithali katika Agano la Kale kiliteuliwa kwa minajili ya utafiti huu. Utafiti huu ulibaini kuwa matumizi ya mikakati ya kutafsiri ilichangia uandishi upya wa kazi tafsiri. Uchunguzi huu ulipendekeza kuwa mashirika ya kufanya tafsiri yaimarishwe kwa kupewa uthamini ili kutafsiri makala nyingi Zaidi.
Sifa Za Kiuhalisiaajabu Katika Riwaya Nne Teule Za Watoto
Authors: Dr. Ntiba Onesmus Gitonga Ruth Wangari Mwai;
Published: May 2021

Utafiti huu unakusudia kutathmini sifa za kiuhalisiaajabu katika riwaya nne teule za watoto ambazo ni: Mama wa Kambo (2005) ya Catherine Kisovi, Karamu Mbinguni (2002) ya Njiru Kimunyi, Mkasa wa Fumo Liyongo (2001) ya Bitugi Matundura na Chura Mcheza Ngoma (2001) ya Rebecca. Mtafiti aliteua riwaya nne za watoto kwa kutumia sampuli makusudi. Riwaya hizi ni sehemu ya riwaya hamsini (50) zilizokusanywa zenye data mwafaka na ni baadhi ya miongoni mwa zile ambazo zilipendekezwa na kupitishwa na ile iliyokuwa Taasisi ya Elimu nchini Kenya (K.I.E.) kusomwa na wanafunzi katika darasa la nne hadi la nane na ziliweza kupatikana kwa urahisi kwa madhumuni ya utafiti. Utafiti huu ulifanyiwa maktabani. Mtafiti alitumia mbinu ya utafiti ya uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo kama utaratibu wa utafiti wa maandishi. Mtafiti alikusanya data ya kimsingi maktabani. Baadhi ya mihimili yake ndiyo ilitumiwa katika uchanganuzi wa data iliyokusanywa. Pia mtafiti alitathmini vitabu husika na kudondoa data iliyohitajika. Jumla ya riwaya nne zilizoandikwa kwa ajili ya watoto zilitumiwa kupata data iliyotakikana katika uchanganuzi. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yaliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo. Hatimaye, data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa. Utafiti huu ulibaini kuwa Kuna matukio ya kiajabu yaliyotumiwa katika riwaya hizi nne za watoto. Aidha sifa za kihalisiaajabu zimebainika wazi katika riwaya hizi. Kwa mujibu wa makala haya ni bayana kwamba uhalisiaajabu umetumika katika riwaya hizi kwa madhumuni ya kuendeleza masuala ibuka kwa hadhira ya watoto.
Nafasi Ya Fasihi Simulizi Katika Kuwasilisha Ujumbe Kisheria: Mfano wa Uendeshaji Kesi Za Kitamaduni Miongoni Mwa Babukusu
Authors: Dkt Fred Wanjala Simiyu; Dkt. Opande Nilson Isaac Winnie Musailo Wekesa;
Published: May 2021

Utafiti uliazimia kubainisha nafasi ya Fasihi Simulizi katika kuwasilisha ujumbe kisheria. Ulionyesha namna vipengele bainifu vya Fasihi Simulizi vinaweza kutumika kuwasilisha ujumbe kisheria. Ulifanya hivyo kwa kuegemea uendeshaji wa kesi kitamaduni miongoni mwa jamii ya Babukusu. Ili kuafikia lengo hili utafiti ulitumia mbinu ya kithamano. Idadi lengwa ya utafiti ilikuwa jumla ya kesi za kitamaduni tulizohudhuria na kuzirekodi. Utafiti ulijumuisha mbinu ya uteuzi wa sampuli kimaksudi. Uteuzi wa sampuli kimaksudi ulitumiwa kuchagua Chifu, naibu wa Chifu, mwenyekiti wa baraza la wazee na makala maalum yaliyoandikwa kuhusu Fasihi Simulizi na Sheria. Nao uteuzi wa sampuli kinasibu ulitumiwa kuteua mabaraza ya wazee na ya Chifu tuliohudhuria. Waaidha, uchunguzi ulihusisha mbinu za uchambuzi wa yaliyomo, usaili na uchunzaji-shiriki. Njia hizi zilitumika kukusanya data nyanjani na maktabani. Matokeo ya utafiti yalichanganuliwa kithamano. Hii ni mbinu ya kuchanganua data ambayo mtafiti anaeleza na kufafanua matokeo ya utafiti wake kimaelezo. Uchunguzi huu vilevile uliongozwa na nadharia ya Mwingilianomatini. Kwa mujibu wa kesi tulizohudhuria, utafiti ulibaini kuwa kuna vipengele vya Fasihi Simulizi ambavyo vinaoana na hali ilivyo katika taaluma ya Sheria wakati wa uendeshaj kesi kitamaduni miongoni mwa jamii ya Babukusu. Kwa hivyo ni muhali kusema kuwa matini za Kifasihi Simulizi huwa zinachota, kunukuu, kugeuza, kuiga kwa namna ya kufumba, kubeza au kurejelea kwa njia moja ama nyingine matini za Kisheria. Hali kadhalika tanzu zenyewe za Fasihi Simulizi zinaingiliana na kuchangiana katika kutimiza mahitaji ya jamii kupitia shughuli mbalimbali.
Uchunguzi wa fani za lugha zilivyotumika kuibua changamoto za vijana katika riwaya teule za Kiswahili
Authors: Harrison Onyango Ogutu
Published: May 2021

Utafiti huu ulilenga kuchunguza namna mbinu mbalimbali za lugha zilivyotumika kuibua na kudhihirisha changamoto katika jamii. Utafiti huu ulielekezwa na nadharia ya uhalisia ambayo hushughulikia uwasilishi wa uhalisi na ukweli wa mambo katika fasihi. Imani ya mhalisia ni kwamba kazi ya fasihi huwaweka wanajamii katika ulimwengu wao wa kawaida, kweli na halisi. Mihimili ya uhalisia iliotumika katika utafiti huu ilikuwa; nguzo ya kielelezo inayosisitiza uigaji wa hali halisi kwa njia ya kweli, wazi na sahihi; nguzo ya matumizi ya lugha ya wakati uliopo na inayosheheni uhalisi na ukweli wa mambo kama yalivyo katika jamii husika ilitumika. Njia kuu ya utafiti huu ilikuwa utaratibu wa upekuzi wa yaliyomo katika ukusanyaji data. Mbinu ya kithamano ilitumika kuchanganua na kueleza data ya visa na matukio yaliyodhihirisha changamoto dhidi ya vijana. Utafiti huu   ulijikita   katika   muundo   wa   kimaelezi   ambao   ni   sahili   na   kueleza   mambo yanavyojitokeza kwa uyakinifu. Utafiti huu ulilenga wahusika vijana na changamoto zilizowakabili. Mtafiti alitumia sampuli ya kimaksudi ambapo riwaya alizozifanyia utafiti aliziteua kwa kudhamiria kuwa zilisheheni maudhui mengi yaliyohusu changamoto halisi zilizowakabili vijana katika jamii yao. Data iliyokusanywa ilijumuisha maudhui yenye changamoto halisi zilizowakabili vijana kama vile ufisadi, ubaguzi, umaskini na ukabila. Changamoto hizo zilisababisha athari kama vile kuacha masomo, mimba za mapema, majeraha na vifo. Utafiti huu ulinuia kuwa na natija kwa wasomi, wahakiki na watafiti wa masuala ya lugha na fasihi kwa kuwa sehemu ya kurejelewa. Aidha, matokeo ya utafiti huu yalitoa hamasisho kwa jamii kuhusu changamoto za vijana ili kusaidia kutafuta suluhu kwa changamoto hizo.
MAUDHUI KATIKA BEMBELEZI ZA WANAWAKE WATIKUU NCHINI KENYA
Authors: Sheila Wandera- Simwa; James Ogola Onyango Lina Akaka;
Published: May 2021

Madhumuni ya makala haya ni kujadili maudhui yanayojitokeza katika bembelezi za wanawake Watikuu nchini Kenya ili kutambua ujumbe uliyomo. Kwa muda mrefu, kitanzu cha bembelezi cha nyimbo za watoto kimepuuzwa miongoni mwa watafiti nchini Kenya na barani Afrika kuna tafiti chache za kitanzu hiki zinazojulikana na watafiti. Bembelezi za wanawake Watikuu zina maudhui ya kipekee yanayotilia shaka hadhira yake na hili ndilo jambo lililowavutia waandishi wa makala haya kuzitafiti na kujadili maudhui yaliyomo. Utafiti wa awali uliofanywa na waandishi ulionyesha kwamba lugha inayotumiwa kuwasilisha ujumbe uliyomo ina urejelezi, kejeli na mafumbo chungu nzima ambayo ni kinyume cha sifa za lugha ya nyimbo za watoto. Mbinu za uteuzi wa kimaksudi na kuelekezwa zilitumiwa kuteua sampuli ya wasailiwa wa kike kumi na wanne wenye umri wa miaka katika 30-70 walioshirikishwa katika utafiti. Vikundi lengwa viwili viliundwa kutokana na sampuli hiyo. Kila kimoja kilijumlisha wasailiwa sita, cha kwanza kilikuwa na wasailiwa wenye umri kati ya miaka 50-60 na cha pili kilikuwa na wasailiwa wenye umri kati ya 30-48. Wasailiwa wawili wenye umri zaidi ya 64 walishirikishwa katika mahojiano ya kina. Bembelezi 20 zilikusanywa katika vikundi lengwa vya mjadala na sita zikateuliwa kimaksudi kwa misingi ya maudhui zilizobeba ili kutafitiwa. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yalionyesha kwamba, maudhui ya bembelezi za wanawake Watikuu hulenga si watoto tu, bali watu mbalimbali katika jamii hiyo. Lililodhihirika ni kwamba wanawake Watikuu hutumia bembelezi kama jukwaa la mawasiliano. Wanapowabembeleza watoto kwa kuwaimbia, huwa wanayatoa yaliyo mioyoni mwao kwa nyimbo hizo.
Uainishaji wa Mafumbo ya Wosia wa Babu kwa Wavulana Miongoni mwa Wabukusu wa Kenya.
Authors: Wandera-Simwa, Sheila; Onyango J. Ogola John Swala Barasa Wangila;
Published: May 2021

Utafiti huu ulidhamiria kuainishaji mafumbo ya wosia wa babu kwa wavulana miongoni mwa Wabukusu wa Kenya. Madhumuni ya makala hii yalikuwa kuainisha mafumbo yanayotumiwa katika miktadha ya wosia wa babu kwa wavulana miongoni mwa Wabukusu wa Kenya. Uandishi wa makala hii ulitumia nadharia ya umitindo iliyoasisiwa na Leech (1965). Nadharia hii huhimiza umuhimu wa mitindo tofauti ya lugha katika fasihi. Data za Makala zilikusanywa kutoka kata mbili za wilaya ya Kimilili. Muundo wa kimaelezo ulitumika kuwasilisha na kuchanganua data. Mbinu za mahojiano na uchunzaji wa kushiriki zilitumika kukusanya data. Sampuli ya kimaksudi ilitumiwa kuwachagua wazee wanne wa kati ya miaka sitini na sabini na wavulana wanne wa kati ya miaka kumi na nane hadi ishirini na mbili kutoka kata zizo hizo ili kushiriki katika utafiti. Utafiti ulibainisha kuwa babu hutumia mafumbo ya vitendawili, mafumbo ya jazanda, mafumbo ya majina, mafumbo ya maonyo, mafumbo ya miko na chemshabongo katika wosia wao kwa wavulana. Makala hii ina manufaa kwa wanafunzi na wataalamu wa fasihi simulizi, shuleni na vyuoni, kwa kuwafahamisha kuhusu aina ya mafumbo yanayotumika katika jamii ya Wabukusu na jamii zingine. Makala hii inapendekeza kuwa vyombo vya habari viwe vikupeperusha hotuba za wosia unaotumia mafumbo kwa wananchi ili kuwafikia watu wengi. Kwa kufanya hivi, wavulana wengi watapata ujumbe uliomo kwenye mafumbo haya na wataimarika kitabia.
Female Assertion as an Antidote to Male Dominance: Mother Archetypes in Achebe’s Novels—Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, and A Man of the People
Authors: Muneeni Jeremiah Mutuku
Published: May 2021

There has been an intense debate with regards to Chinua Achebe’s (mis)representation of women in his creative works, especially his first four novels. Some scholars have argued that Achebe is a patriarchal writer who has relegated women to the periphery. Nevertheless, a few have read subtle nuances of gender balance in his works. This paper is a continuation of this debate. Specifically, it argues that Achebe has created Mother Archetypes in his novels and if the same is not recognized, he will continue to be demonized as a gender insensitive writer. The unit of analysis is three of the five Achebe’s novels namely: Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, and A Man of the People. The paper interrogates the aforementioned novels within the framework of archetypal criticism, with the aim of unearthing and examining Mother Archetypes inherent in them. The paper identifies religion, education, and justice as the spheres of life in which Achebe has created, empowered and elevated Mother Archetypes to be at par with their male counterparts. However, owing to the breadth of the subject, the paper dwells on education. The paper concludes that creation of empowered Mother Archetypes in Achebe’s novels is a symbolic relay in which women characters hand in the symbolic empowerment baton to the next woman in the next novel until the last one where the creation of a woman major character, Beatrice, wins the race against male dominance.
Analysing the Nature of Meaning in Modal Auxiliary Use in Standard Six English in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Ngoiri Njuguna Jane
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study was to describe appropriateness of modal auxiliary verbs in class six written English. The study focused on the use of English modal auxiliary verbs by class six pupils from diverse language backgrounds in Kenyan primary schools. Modal auxiliary verbs are difficult as their use entails syntactic and semantic appropriateness. As such, most pupils often find themselves unable to use this complex linguistic feature in written English. In spite of this, there is no known documentation that focuses on modal auxiliary verbs among children. It is this gap that the current study sought to fill. Forty pupils were randomly selected from four primary schools in Nakuru County. Data was elicited by means of written composition and grammar exercises. Further, it was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively and presented in the form of graphs and tables. The Representational Theory of The Mind was used to explain the research findings. The findings revealed that modal auxiliary verbs are indeed difficult and their appropriate use present difficulties in pupils' written work. It was therefore recommended that learning of English should be meaningful. In order to enrich pupil's mental representations pupils should be exposed to a linguistically rich environment to enhance acquisition and learning. It is hoped that these findings will be of benefit to school stakeholders in ensuring that appropriate learning environment is created for pupils. Additionally, it could be a reference for researchers interested in language use at the school level.
Critical Discourse Analysis: Ideological Supremacy of Durex Adverts on Facebook Fan Page Kenya
Authors: James Ogola Onyango Douglas Nkumbo; Sheila P. Wandera-Simwa;
Published: May 2021

The paper explores ideological supremacy of durex adverts on Facebook fan page Kenya by unpacking the dominant themes in the adverts. Sex education and safe sex advertising remain a global challenge due to its sensitivity and biases derived from attitudes and values that are either personal or related to religion and traditions. Some societies openly discuss taboo topics such as sex, sexual orientations and sexual practices while others are uneasy about doing so. This is a challenge to condoms promoters who use online means to reach people of different cultures worldwide. This study, therefore, critically analyzed Durex adverts in their Facebook fan page Kenya. The study uses Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) specifically Norman Fairclough’s 3 -D model and Kress and van Leeuwen’s Grammar of Visual Design. The research designs used was both quantitative and descriptive. Data was collected through making an online observation, retrieving and electronically storing. Purposive sampling procedure was used to arrive at 150 adverts (visuals and written) were downloaded from the Durex Facebook fan page Kenya for analysis. The findings showed that the most dominant theme was pleasure derived from using Durex condoms. Rational appeal was most dominant, and various metaphors were used in Durex adverts to ideologically construct super Durex using various discourses to avoid discussing matters of sex openly. This research will add knowledge to the field of Critical Discourse Analysis, especially in health communication and taboo topics.
Rethinking Globalisation through Afropolitanism in Chimamanda Adichie’s Americanah
Authors: Kipkoech Mutai Erick
Published: May 2021

The quest of this paper is to illuminate and celebrate Adichie’s Americanah as a text that opens our eyes to the challenges of African Diaspora in America. The need to offer different latitude of identity is aptly captured in Taya Zelase’s 2011 essay titled Afropolitanism, which has become a daring resurrection of debates that surrounds the ambiguity of contemporary African Diaspora. The need to analyse and interpret Afropolitanism as an emerging diaspora theory, which speaks to Africans diaspora was best located in the works of Adichie Chimamanda titled Americanah (2013). Indubitably, Adichie rebukes the dilemma of African Diaspora while at the same breath celebrates Africa as the ultimate space of identity and belonging. Locating itself within Afropolitanism theory as an emerging theory is a robust yardstick of interpreting textual response to the ambiguities of contemporary African Diaspora, the paper uses a close reading of Americanah to identify diasporic experiences, and how the characters negotiate them. By opening an honest conversation around the questions of belonging and identity, this study is instrumental in shedding light on the opaque sense of identity and the need for examining how modern African Diaspora negotiates the dehumanising aspect of Racism.
Problematising Hateful Ethno-Political Rhetoric in Facebook and Twitter during 2017 General Elections in Kenya
Authors: Jacinta Ndambuki; Florence Mwithi Fredrick Meeme Irimba;
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine online hate discourse; with a focus on the construction of online ethno-political rhetoric as a form of hate speech during Kenya's 2017 general election. The study employed a qualitative case study design which entailed an empirical investigation of a particular phenomenon using multiple evidence. Purposive sampling allowed the researcher to observe, collect and analyse only the specific materials that had the characteristics relevant to the objective of this study. Working within Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis (CMDA) framework, we analyse a purposively selected sample of sixteen posts from FB (ten) and Twitter (six) derived from the initial sample of 360 posts collected through online observation of Facebook groups and hashtags trending in Kenya between July and November 2017. ‘The findings point at the shifting hate speech battle fields where ethno-political extremism in form of ‘Us against Them’ discourse finds easy expression online through dehumanizing epithets and metaphors that de-personalize and de-characterize the target, bringing to salience their perceived negative attributes in order to justify prejudice against them as a tool of political mobilization. These insights are relevant in understanding hate speech in multi-ethnic cultural contexts in society generally and specifically in Kenya. The study recommends that the government of Kenya and other key stakeholders should develop a media literacy policy on the moral responsibility in embracing netiquette and responsible netizenship in online interactions.
Utilization of Proverbial Wisdom in Enhancing Harmony in Sports: A Case of Devil on the Cross
Authors: Lucy Kawira Njeru Dr. Jane Wanjiru Mugo;
Published: May 2021

Proverbs are the sayings of the wise that affect the society in many various ways. In scholarship, proverbs constitute a significant field of study not only in the discipline of Literature but in other areas as well. This is possible due to the flexibility, contextuality and the multiplicity of their meanings. In African cultural settings, and particularly in Kenya and more specifically among Agĩkũyũ community, proverbs function as the infallible avenues for ferrying messages successfully to their assigned targets. Further, as proverbs enjoy the tenure of flexibility and contextuality they are able to bend to the discretion of the user rendering unequaled service to the community. This paper seeks to explore and investigate the utilization of proverbial wisdom in the sports arena. Sports is one of the developing sectors and constitute a significant portion of social harmony in the community, the nation as well as in international relations. The proverbs are drawn from Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Devil on the Cross. This postcolonial novel has an imaginary geographical setting: Ilmorog. The study takes a qualitative research design based on the interpretivist paradigm. The interpretation is informed by poststructuralist theory. Data from the text are broken into quotations, analogies, metaphors and images to assist in the analysis. The findings of the study will contribute in the comprehension and appreciation of the role played by writers in highlighting the issues that affect society. Consequently, society will be motivated towards a positive multidisciplinary reading culture. The results of the study will also aid researchers who may want to carry out similar or related scholarship in Literature or any other related disciplines.
Mass-Mediated Feminist Scholarship failure in Africa: Normalised Body-Objectification as Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Authors: Ndonye Michael M
Published: May 2021

Mass media culture and its role in defining, inculcating and shaping sexual orientation of a society cannot be gainsaid. In this paper, the mass-mediated western feminist scholarship failure in Africa is interrogated in the wake of Sex Robots such as ‘Samantha.’ The argument is that these sex robots function to normalise woman body objectification. The study aims to anchor on Pan African project perspective and the ontological formulation of the African woman as human-being deserving her voice concerning her experiences with patriarchal social structures. The mass media, in its romanticisation of western feminist scholarship denies African woman this voice. There are four fundamental questions central to this paper: 1) what are the epistemological foundations of western feminist scholarship in patriarchal Africa? 2) What is the political economy of western feminist scholarship in sex robotics in Africa? 3) Can sex robots fill the western-feminist-scholarship-born inorganic sexist relation in Africa? And 4) what alternative framework is fit for African woman transformation and emancipation project? The study analyses the feminist scholarship from the past, present and future to give possible solutions to challenges and failures of the strategy toward woman emancipation and transformative agenda in Africa and the developing world.
New Media, Political Discourse and Public Opinion: A Theoretical Analysis of Social Media Intertextuality and Discursivity and its Effect on Governance in Devolved Political Units in Kenya
Authors: Musasia Oliver Mulanda
Published: May 2021

Social media is an essential aspect of socialisation in Kenyan society. Within the context of political discourse, it plays an important role in expanding the democratic space by allowing citizens the space to have their voices heard. Counties are the emerging frontiers for economic and social development in the country. Therefore, it is critical for all citizens to participate equally in governance issues affecting the counties. This research sought to establish the level of citizen engagement in political discussion on social media and how this impacted on governance in the counties. It used a theoretical research approach to examine the various theories and practices of social media in political engagement. Engagement of local citizenry on social media was also assessed. The research was pegged on Herbamas Theory on the Public Sphere which posits that, for a public sphere to be adequate and fit-for-purpose for a democratic polity, it must have the capacity for quality interaction and discourse and quantity participation. Key findings: discursivity and intertextuality within the social media environment vastly improve the quality of political participation for citizens. The performance of public spheres within social media sites in the counties says a lot for increased participation of women, youth and minorities in political discourse at the grassroots. Recommendations: social media be inculcated in public policy at the grassroots by including it as a primary conduit of information and civic engagement.
New Media as an Increasingly Adopted News Dissemination Avenue amid Declining Print Newspaper in Kenya
Authors: Enoch Kiprop Tonui
Published: May 2021

This study examined the decline of print newspaper subject to new media and its attributes as outlined in the Push Theory of Media Effects in order to inform the debate surrounding the existence of print newspaper.  Much has been said about the place of the print newspaper as it faces competition from new media. Pundits, scholars and researchers see this competition as having consequences on print circulation, advertising and jobs. The qualitative research approach was used. This study reviewed literature as secondary sources, and through unstructured interview schedule, insights were sought from two editors from two leading print newspaper firms in Kenya and an accountant from one of the newspaper firms.  Additionally, ten journalists from different print newspaper firms, eight newspaper vendors and ten newspaper readers were also interviewed. Purposive sampling was adopted for selecting the respondents.  Findings were triangulated and analysed.  The study found that indeed print media in Kenya is facing a decline in terms of circulation and advertising revenue, and this can be attributed to competition from new media. Media attributes as provided by the Push Theory of Media Effects that afford new media several advantages over print are accessibility, fidelity, volume, velocity, range, persistence and searchability. Other attributes are interactivity and multimediality. However, print media is and will still be in existence in Kenya because of its survival strategies and credibility.
Problematising News Media Ownership Patterns in Kenya: Who Controls Media Industry in the Global South?
Authors: Michael M. Ndonye Michael Otieno Otieno;
Published: May 2021

The main aim of this paper is to investigate media ownership patterns and analyse the implications of such patterns in Kenya—while thinking globally. Notably, media industry has attracted politicians and business tycoons around the world. It is one of the most lucrative industries that come with a lot of power and influence. From the literature reviewed in this analysis, it is evident that very few studies have been done to critically look at the media ownership patterns in Kenya and the implications such ownership have in the media market place. The paper is aimed at answering three questions. 1) What has been the media ownership pattern in Kenya since independence? 2) What does media ownership patterns mean to the Kenyan Media industry? 3) How does this pattern in Kenya compare to the rest of the world? Analysis from this research seems to demonstrate that most media outlets in Kenya are either politically owned or have some political agenda attached to them. As a result of such pattern, the Kenyan media experience narrow content and lack of alternative viewpoint of news and information disseminated to the public. Secondly, there is lack of balance since the main aim of the media is to advance political agenda as opposed to being the fourth estate—that watchdogs the government on behalf of the society. The findings also indicate that there are similarities in media ownership in Kenya and those around the world. When the political class owns the media, its normative roles are compromised, the editorial independence is skewed, and the media loses its impact as a cultural institution. The recommendation is that only community media can undo the pattern that is being established by politically owned media industry.
Communication Strategies for Enhancing Production and Consumption of African Indigenous Vegetables: The case of Farm Concern International in Kenya.
Authors: James Kimani Kuria
Published: May 2021

The study analyses the efficiency of communication strategies used by Farm Concern International (FCI) in enhancing the production and consumption of African Indigenous Vegetables in Lari Sub-County, Kenya. The study used both quantitative and qualitative research designs and used purposive sampling, followed by random sampling to select 100 farmers from the five villages in Lari Sub County. The data was gathered from the primary sources through the use of structured questionnaire for both quantitative and qualitative. The data was then processed and presented by the use of graphs, tables and pie charts and analysed by use of descriptive analysis. The study used two theories, Rational Argumentation Theory propounded by Cragan and Shields (1998) and Trans theoretical Model (TM) by Prochaska, Johnson and Lee (1998). The study established that the rate of AIVs production has increased since the implementation of DoHoMa Project. The rate of consumption has also increased with the majority of farmers eating AIVs on a daily basis due to their higher nutritional value. Only a few who consumed the value chain three to six times a week. The findings also indicated that FCI majorly used two forms of Ora-Media, barazas and demonstrations, to promote production, consumption and commercialisation of AIVs. The study recommends that agriculture-based NGOs need to use more of demonstrations than barazas because most of the farmers have basic education. The Ministry of Agriculture needs to facilitate farmers to dig boreholes for enhancing irrigation during dry spells.
Promoting Commercialisation of African Indigenous Vegetables through Communication Strategies: lessons from Farm Concern International, Kenya.
Authors: James Kimani Kuria
Published: May 2021

The study sought to analyse the efficiency of Farm Concern International’s Communication strategies in promoting the commercialisation of African Indigenous Vegetables in Lari Sub-County, Kenya. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were adopted for the study and purposive sampling, followed by random sampling used to select 100 farmers from the five villages in Lari Sub County. The data was gathered from the primary source through the use of structured questionnaire for both quantitative and qualitative. The data was then processed and presented by the use of graphs, tables and pie charts and analysed by use of descriptive analysis. The study used two theories, Rational Argumentation Theory propounded by Cragan and Shields (1998) and Trans theoretical Model (TM) by Prochaska, Johnson and Lee (1998). The study established that the rate of commercialisation is currently high, with the majority of farmers earning between sh. 5, 000 to sh. 15, 000 per month. Majority of farmers sold AIVs to Uchumi Supermarket. The findings also indicated that FCI majorly used two forms of Ora-Media, barazas and demonstrations, to promote production, consumption and commercialisation of AIVs. However, a bit of Use of projector was also used, but no form of mainstream media or internet and drama was used. The study recommends that NGOs should liaise with financial institutions to train farmers on financial literacy and facilitate them to make savings to enhance production. Also, there is a need for more campaign by NGOs and other gatekeepers like the media, government leaders and local leaders to enhance increased production of AIVs.