bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification and Mitigation of Predominant Challenges in the Utilization of Aged Traction Batteries within Stationary Second-Life Scenarios
Authors: Frank Merlin , Holz Daniel Serafin , Klohs Domenic , Offermanns Christian , Heimes Heiner Hans , Kampker Achim
Published: February 2024

As the production of battery cells experiences exponential growth and electric vehicle fleets continue to expand, an escalating number of traction batteries are nearing the conclusion of their operational life for mobility purposes, both presently and in the foreseeable future. Concurrently, the heightened interest in sustainable energy storage solutions has spurred investigations into potential second-life applications for aging traction batteries. Nonetheless, the predominant practice remains the removal of these batteries from electric vehicles, signifying the end of their life cycle, and their subsequent incorporation into recycling processes, with limited consideration for life-extending measures. This study seeks to elucidate the reasons behind the deprioritization of battery repurposing strategies. Therefore, the research team conducted two industry studies with over 20 battery experts from Europe, revealing concerns about the economic viability of repurposing batteries for stationary storage applications. A literature review of studies published since 2016 confirmed the industry’s struggles to address this issue theoretically. In conclusion, a research question was formulated, and a solution approach was delineated to assess the economic prospects of aged traction batteries within the industry’s landscape in the future. This solution approach encompasses pertinent market analysis, the identification of representative second-life applications, as well as the formulation of a methodology for evaluating the residual value of these batteries.
Optimal Configuration of Wind–Solar–Thermal-Storage Power Energy Based on Dynamic Inertia Weight Chaotic Particle Swarm
Authors: Hu Sile , Gao Yuan , Wang Yuan , Yu Yuan , Bi Yue , Cao Linfeng , Khan Muhammad Farhan , Yang Jiaqiang
Published: February 2024

The proposed approach involves a method of joint optimization configuration for wind–solar–thermal-storage (WSTS) power energy bases utilizing a dynamic inertia weight chaotic particle swarm optimization (DIWCPSO) algorithm. The power generated from the combination of wind and solar energy is analyzed quantitatively by using the average complementarity index (ACI) to determine the optimal ratio of wind and solar installations. We constructed a multi-objective optimization configuration model for the WSTS power generation systems, considering the equivalent annual income and the optimal energy consumption level as objective functions of the system. We solved the model using the chaotic particle swarm optimization algorithm with linearly decreasing dynamic inertia weight. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we conducted a simulation using the 2030 power energy base planning data of a particular region in Inner Mongolia. The results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the annual income, enhances the consumption of wind–solar energy, and boosts the power transmission capacity of the system.
Comparative Life-Cycle Assessment of Electricity-Generation Technologies: West Texas Case Study
Authors: Das Jani , Ur Rehman Atta , Verma Rahul , Gulen Gurcan , Young Michael
Published: February 2024

This comparison of five power plants in West Texas is intended to provide various decision-makers and stakeholders with a holistic picture of the life-cycle environmental impacts associated with these power plants. A key contribution of this analysis is that we assumed all power plants generate the same amount of electricity over a 30-year life, taking a 500 MW combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant as a benchmark. Also, in two cases, we added battery storage to wind and solar PV facilities to render them nearly as dispatchable as the CCGT. We included the entire supply chain supporting electricity generation, which encompassed raw material sourcing, processing, manufacturing, operations, and product end of life, also called “cradle to grave”. We report on 18 environmental impacts using ReCiPe midpoint (H) impact assessment. The supply chains are global, and impacts are felt differently by host communities across the world. The results can help stakeholders identify hotspots across numerous supply chains with the highest environmental impacts. We discuss some remedial measures and challenges to inform future analysis by the research community.
Research on the Temperature Distribution in Electrically Heated Offshore Heavy Oil Wellbores
Authors: Shang Suogui , Gao Kechao , Zhang Xinghua , Zhao Qibin , Chen Guangfeng , Tao Liang , Song Bin , Yuan Hongxing , Gao Yonghai
Published: February 2024

The electric heating process for lifting heavy oil has been widely applied. However, research on its temperature field laws mostly focuses on onshore heavy oil wells, while research offshore is limited. Therefore, based on the energy conservation equation and heat transfer theory, a transient one-dimensional wellbore temperature model coupled with the temperature and viscosity of heavy oil and considering the effect of time was developed. In order to verify the accuracy of the model, the results of the previous model were used for comparison with the present model, and the results showed that the model has good accuracy. The results show that a reasonable selection of the process parameters of electric heating can increase the production of heavy oil while saving development costs and improving the economic benefits of the oilfield. The conclusions and recommendations of this paper can provide a theoretical basis and guiding suggestions for the optimal design of process parameters for lifting heavy oil using an offshore electric heating process.
Retrofit of Diesel Engines with H2 for Potential Decarbonization of Non-Electrified Railways: Assessment with Lifecycle Analysis and Advanced Numerical Modeling
Authors: Kolahchian Tabrizi Mehrshad , Cerri Tarcisio , Bonalumi Davide , Lucchini Tommaso , Brenna Morris
Published: February 2024

The application of hydrogen in heavy-duty vehicles or trains has been suggested as a promising solution to decarbonize the transportation sector. In this study, a one-dimensional engine modeling is employed to evaluate the potential of hydrogen as a fuel for railway applications. A turbocharged diesel engine is simulated as the baseline unit, and the results are validated with experimental data. The same engine is converted to become compatible with hydrogen through some modifications in the turbocharger group and the injection and ignition systems to preserve the performance of the baseline configuration. The findings show that the engine traction power is reduced from 600 to 400 kW, indicating an inferior performance for the hydrogen-fueled engine. The energy consumption of the hydrogen-fueled engine on a real train mission profile is almost two times the diesel version. However, our Life Cycle Assessment analysis with a Well-to-Wheel system boundary shows a 56% reduction in equivalent CO2 emissions for the engine fueled with photovoltaic-based green hydrogen. Substituting diesel with low-carbon hydrogen can decrease the train’s carbon footprint from 4.27 to even less than 2 kg CO2 eq./km, suggesting that moderately modified engines are a promising solution for decarbonizing non-feasibly electrified railway sections.
Simulation of the Multi-Wake Evolution of Two Sandia National Labs/National Rotor Testbed Turbines Operating in a Tandem Layout
Authors: Baruah Apurva , Ponta Fernando , Farrell Alayna
Published: February 2024

The future of wind power systems deployment is in the form of wind farms comprised of scores of such large turbines, most likely at offshore locations. Individual turbines have grown in span from a few tens of meters to today’s large turbines with rotor diameters that dwarf even the largest commercial aircraft. These massive dynamical systems present unique challenges at scales unparalleled in prior applications of wind science research. Fundamental to this effort is the understanding of the wind turbine wake and its evolution. Furthermore, the optimization of the entire wind farm depends on the evolution of the wakes of different turbines and their interactions within the wind farm. In this article, we use the capabilities of the Common ODE Framework (CODEF) model for the analysis of the effects of wake–rotor and wake-to-wake interactions between two turbines situated in a tandem layout fully and partially aligned with the incoming wind. These experiments were conducted in the context of a research project supported by the National Rotor Testbed (NRT) program of Sandia National Labs (SNL). Results are presented for a layout which emulates the turbine interspace and relative turbine emplacement found at SNL’s Scaled Wind Technologies Facility (SWiFT), located in Lubbock, Texas. The evolution of the twin-wake interaction generates a very rich series of secondary transitions in the vortex structure of the combined wake. These ultimately affect the wake’s axial velocity patterns, altering the position, number, intensity, and shape of localized velocity-deficit zones in the wake’s cross-section. This complex distribution of axial velocity patterns has the capacity to substantially affect the power output, peak loads, fatigue damage, and aeroelastic stability of turbines located in subsequent rows downstream on the farm.
Safety Analysis of the Hydrolysis Reactor in the Cu-Cl Thermochemical Hydrogen Production Cycle—Part 1: Methodology and Selected Top Events
Authors: Finney Leonard , Gabriel Kamiel
Published: February 2024

In this paper, IEC 61511 was used to evaluate the hazards and risks associated with the continuous operation of the hydrolysis reactor system in the copper-chlorine thermochemical hydrogen production cycle, with a specific focus on the application of automated active safety systems and safety integrated systems. The analysis presented herein was performed using a speculative but representative hydrolysis piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) for the hydrolysis reaction, which was based on currently published systems as well as experience with experimental hydrolysis reactors. This analysis was then used to inform the design of a set of automated safety systems that provide the redundant operation of critical devices and can bring the hydrolysis to a safe shutdown state if needed.
The Influence of Subsequent Harmonics of the Load Current on Errors of Electronic Energy Meters
Authors: Kampik Marian , Skórkowski Artur , Pecyna Michał , Sowula Konrad
Published: February 2024

In the electrical installations of buildings, there is an increasing number of non-linear energy receivers, which introduce strong distortions of the load current of electronic energy meters. Since the readings of these meters are the basis for financial settlements of electricity consumers, it is very important to determine how much the distortion of the receiver current affects the correct operation of commonly used electronic energy meters. The article will present exemplary results and analyses of research work on the impact of individual current harmonics on the readings and errors of selected energy meters.
A Comprehensive Review of Thermal Management in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Focus on Burners, Heat Exchangers, and Strategies
Authors: Li Mingfei , Wang Jingjing , Chen Zhengpeng , Qian Xiuyang , Sun Chuanqi , Gan Di , Xiong Kai , Rao Mumin , Chen Chuangting , Li Xi
Published: February 2024

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are emerging as a leading solution in sustainable power generation, boasting high power-to-energy density and minimal emissions. With efficiencies potentially exceeding 60% for electricity generation alone and up to 85% when in cogeneration applications, SOFCs significantly outperform traditional combustion-based technologies, which typically achieve efficiencies of around 35–40%. Operating effectively at elevated temperatures (600 °C to 1000 °C), SOFCs not only offer superior efficiency but also generate high-grade waste heat, making them ideal for cogeneration applications. However, these high operational temperatures pose significant thermal management challenges, necessitating innovative solutions to maintain system stability and longevity. This review aims to address these challenges by offering an exhaustive analysis of the latest advancements in SOFC thermal management. We begin by contextualizing the significance of thermal management in SOFC performance, focusing on its role in enhancing operational stability and minimizing thermal stresses. The core of this review delves into various thermal management subsystems such as afterburners, heat exchangers, and advanced thermal regulation strategies. A comprehensive examination of the recent literature is presented, highlighting innovations in subsystem design, fuel management, flow channel configuration, heat pipe integration, and efficient waste heat recovery techniques. In conclusion, we provide a forward-looking perspective on the state of research in SOFC thermal management, identifying potential avenues for future advancements and their implications for the broader field of sustainable energy technologies.
Integrating Blockchain in Smart Grids for Enhanced Demand Response: Challenges, Strategies, and Future Directions
Authors: Koukaras Paraskevas , Afentoulis Konstantinos D. , Gkaidatzis Pashalis A. , Mystakidis Aristeidis , Ioannidis Dimosthenis , Vagropoulos Stylianos I. , Tjortjis Christos
Published: February 2024

This research, conducted throughout the years 2022 and 2023, examines the role of blockchain technology in optimizing Demand Response (DR) within Smart Grids (SGs). It critically assesses a range of blockchain architectures, evaluating their impact on enhancing DR’s efficiency, security, and consumer engagement. Concurrently, it addresses challenges like scalability, interoperability, and regulatory complexities inherent in merging blockchain with existing energy systems. By integrating theoretical and practical viewpoints, it reveals the potential of blockchain technology to revolutionize Demand Response (DR). Findings affirm that integrating blockchain technology into SGs effectively enhances the efficiency and security of DR, and empirical data illustrate substantial improvements in both cases. Furthermore, key challenges include scalability and interoperability, and also identifying opportunities to enhance consumer engagement and foster system transparency in the adoption of blockchain within DR and SGs. Finally, this work emphasizes the necessity for further investigation to address development hurdles and enhance the effectiveness of blockchain technology in sustainable energy management in SGs.
Simplified Current-Equivalent Circuit Models of Synchronous Reluctance Machines and Salient Pole Synchronous Machines Considering the Reluctance Torque
Authors: Mörée Gustav , Leijon Mats
Published: February 2024

This paper describes a simplified one-phase equivalent circuit model of three-phase salient pole synchronous machines and synchronous reluctance machines. The model represents the pole saliency as a susceptance, with a magnitude based on the pole saliency and a phase angle based on twice the load angle. The reluctance torque itself is then modeled equivalent to a conductance. The model is made as an extension to Norton equivalents, where the internal inductance is connected as a shunt. This approach shares similarities to the magnetization shunt branch in circuit models of transformers and induction motors. The model is derived using the rotating dq-frame, using Park transform and two-reaction theory. The model is then rewritten to better fit one-phase equivalent circuit models, with the terminal voltage as the angular reference. The resulting two-pole model can then more easily be combined with basic circuit theory, thereby synthesizing dq-theory and phasor circuit models.
Lithium-Ion Batteries on Board: A Review on Their Integration for Enabling the Energy Transition in Shipping Industry
Authors: Lucà Trombetta Giovanni , Leonardi Salvatore Gianluca , Aloisio Davide , Andaloro Laura , Sergi Francesco
Published: February 2024

The emission reductions mandated by International Maritime Regulations present an opportunity to implement full electric and hybrid vessels using large-scale battery energy storage systems (BESSs). lithium-ionion batteries (LIB), due to their high power and specific energy, which allows for scalability and adaptability to large transportation systems, are currently the most widely used electrochemical storage system. Hence, BESSs are the focus of this review proposing a comprehensive discussion on the commercial LIB chemistries that are currently available for marine applications and their potential role in ship services. This work outlines key elements that are necessary for designing a BESS for ships, including an overview of the regulatory framework for large-scale onboard LIB installations. The basic technical information about system integration has been summarized from various research projects, white papers, and test cases mentioned in available studies. The aim is to provide state-of-the-art information about the installation of BESSs on ships, in accordance with the latest applicable rules for ships. The goal of this study is to facilitate and promote the widespread use of batteries in the marine industry.
Technological Advances in Mechanical Recycling Innovations and Corresponding Impacts on the Circular Economy of Plastics
Authors: Babaremu Kunle , Adediji Adedapo , Olumba Nmesoma , Okoya Silifat , Akinlabi Esther , Oyinlola Muyiwa
Published: February 2024

The impact of plastic pollution on the world and its inhabitants is yet to be fully measured. Significant quantities of microplastics and nanoplastics have been found in human organs, and many diseases have been traced to their presence. Even human placentas have been found to contain microplastics. This study examines the recycling landscape, advanced reprocessing techniques, and technical challenges in this industry. It points out the top recyclable types of plastics (such as high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and thermoplastic elastomers) by analyzing their different recycling capacities globally. It highlights the most advisable recycling techniques by identifying those most successful, least environmentally damaging, and easiest. Mechanical recycling is arguably the easiest and most common recycling technique. This study examines mechanical reprocessing technologies for construction materials, composite boards, additive manufacturing, and other applications. It also points out prevailing setbacks of these approaches and analyzes different solutions. Promising recycling processes are suggested for further investigation.
ChaWRKY40 Enhances Drought Tolerance of ‘Dawei’ Hazelnuts by Positively Regulating Proline Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Chao Ruiqiang , Qiu Liping , Ge Wenjing , Liang Jinjun , Wen Pengfei
Published: February 2024

Hazelnuts are among the most important nuts worldwide. Drought has severely restricted the development of the hazelnut industry in the wake of global warming and lack of water resources. Δ-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthase (P5CS) is closely related to drought stress as the rate-limiting enzyme of proline synthesis. WRKY40 had been proven to be an important transcription factor regulating drought tolerance in several plants. In this study, the hybrid hazelnut ‘Dawei’ exhibiting drought tolerance was used as the test material. Tests for simulated drought stress and ChaWRKY40 overexpression, and the yeast one-hybrid assay were performed. The results showed that the relative water content of leaves gradually decreased, but the proline content, electrolyte leakage, and expression of ChaWRKY40 and ChaP5CS increased with increasing PEG-6000 concentration in the leaves. A transient ChaWRKY40 overexpression trial indicated that overexpression of ChaWRKY40 improved the proline content and the transcription level of ChaP5CS. The Y1H experiment suggested that ChaWRKY40 directly binds to the W-box-acting element (W-box) on the promoter of ChaP5CS. In conclusion, ChaWRKY40 may increase the proline content by positively regulating the expression of the ChaP5CS gene, thereby improving the drought resistance of hazelnuts.
Psychological Disorders and Coping among Undergraduate College Students: Advocating for Students’ Counselling Services at Kuwait University
Authors: Alotaibi Naser M. , Alkhamis Moh A. , Alrasheedi Mashael , Alotaibi Khuloud , Alduaij Latifa , Alazemi Fatemah , Alfaraj Danah , Alrowaili Danah
Published: February 2024

Objectives: The objectives of the current study are twofold. First, it aimed to explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms (i.e., psychological disorders) among Kuwait University students. Second, it sought to identify and quantify the associated risk factors as well as the students’ coping strategies utilized to address these psychological disorders. Methods: We used a cross-sectional study at Kuwait University and selected students using a multistage stratified cluster sampling design among the 15 faculties of Kuwait University. To serve the study purposes, two cross-cultural and validated instruments were used, including the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) and the Brief-COPE scale. Descriptive statistics, as well as logistic regression analysis, were used to analyze the study findings. Results: A sample of 1142 students from various faculties participated in this study. We found that 681 (59.6%), 791 (69.3%) and 588 (51.5%) of the participants had depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, respectively. The highest coping strategies for stressors and challenges faced were moderate and high emotion-based coping strategies (n = 1063, 93.1%). Students from the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences as well as students from the Faculty of Engineering had significantly higher stress levels compared with students from other faculties (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrated that family problems were consistently a significant predictor of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among Kuwait University students (p < 0.05). We further found that students who presented with stress and anxiety symptoms and those who practiced avoidant-focused coping strategies were substantially more likely to experience depression (ORs ≥ 2.7, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings inferred that the majority of Kuwait University students have a remarkably high prevalence of mental health problems, mainly anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms along with inconsistent coping strategies toward the faced challenges during their studies. Therefore, the most important recommendation of the current study is the establishment of counselling centers in all faculties at Kuwait University. In turn, doing so facilitates the integration of wellness programs and the provision of comprehensive educational seminars, specialized training sessions and self-management techniques for Kuwait University students, leading to desired academic outcomes.
Protective Effects of Inulin on Stress-Recurrent Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Du Yao , Kusama Kanta , Hama Koki , Chen Xinyue , Tahara Yu , Kajiwara Susumu , Shibata Shigenobu , Orihara Kanami
Published: February 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive tract and is closely associated with the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. Inulin, as a natural prebiotic, displays anti-inflammatory activity and maintains equilibrium of the intestinal microbiota. In this study, our research aimed to explore the potential of inulin in enhancing intestinal immunity and reducing inflammation in stress-recurrent IBD. In this study, a co-culture intestinal epithelium model and a stress-recurrent IBD mouse model was used to examine the protective effects of inulin. It was observed that inulin digesta significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (CXCL8/IL8 and TNFA) and increased MUC2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells. In vivo, our findings showed that Inulin intake significantly prevented IBD symptoms. This was substantiated by a decrease in serum inflammatory markers (IL-6, CALP) and a downregulation of inflammatory cytokine (Il6) in colon samples. Additionally, inulin intake led to an increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecal contents and a reduction in the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (CHOP, BiP). Our results highlight that inulin can improve stress-recurrent IBD symptoms by modulating microbiota composition, reducing inflammation, and alleviating ER stress. These findings suggested the therapeutic potential of inulin as a dietary intervention for ameliorating stress-recurrent IBD.
Importance of Non-Covalent Interactions in Yeast Cell Wall Molecular Organization
Authors: Kalebina Tatyana S. , Rekstina Valentina V. , Pogarskaia Elizaveta E. , Kulakovskaya Tatiana
Published: February 2024

This review covers a group of non-covalently associated molecules, particularly proteins (NCAp), incorporated in the yeast cell wall (CW) with neither disulfide bridges with proteins covalently attached to polysaccharides nor other covalent bonds. Most NCAp, particularly Bgl2, are polysaccharide-remodeling enzymes. Either directly contacting their substrate or appearing as CW lipid-associated molecules, such as in vesicles, they represent the most movable enzymes and may play a central role in CW biogenesis. The absence of the covalent anchoring of NCAp allows them to be there where and when it is necessary. Another group of non-covalently attached to CW molecules are polyphosphates (polyP), the universal regulators of the activity of many enzymes. These anionic polymers are able to form complexes with metal ions and increase the diversity of non-covalent interactions through charged functional groups with both proteins and polysaccharides. The mechanism of regulation of polysaccharide-remodeling enzyme activity in the CW is unknown. We hypothesize that polyP content in the CW is regulated by another NCAp of the CW—acid phosphatase—which, along with post-translational modifications, may thus affect the activity, conformation and compartmentalization of Bgl2 and, possibly, some other polysaccharide-remodeling enzymes.
Identification of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Family Genes in the Golden Pompano, Trachinotus ovatus: Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Gene Expression
Authors: Ndandala Charles Brighton , Zhou Qi , Li Zhiyuan , Guo Yuwen , Li Guangli , Chen Huapu
Published: February 2024

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are hormones that primarily stimulate and regulate animal physiological processes. In this study, we cloned and identified the open reading frame (ORF) cDNA sequences of IGF family genes: the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), and insulin-like growth factor 3 (IGF3). We found that IGF1, IGF2, and IGF3 have a total length of 558, 648, and 585 base pairs (bp), which encoded a predicted protein with 185, 215, and 194 amino acids (aa), respectively. Multiple sequences and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the mature golden pompano IGFs had been conserved and showed high similarities with other teleosts. The tissue distribution experiment showed that IGF1 and IGF2 mRNA levels were highly expressed in the liver of female and male fish. In contrast, IGF3 was highly expressed in the gonads and livers of male and female fish, suggesting a high influence on fish reproduction. The effect of fasting showed that IGF1 and mRNA expression had no significant difference in the liver but significantly decreased after long-term (7 days) fasting in the muscles and started to recover after refeeding. IGF2 mRNA expression showed no significant difference in the liver but had a significant difference in muscles for short-term (2 days) and long-term fasting, which started to recover after refeeding, suggesting muscles are more susceptible to both short-term and long-term fasting. In vitro incubation of 17β-estradiol (E2) was observed to decrease the IGF1 and IGF3 mRNA expression level in a dose- (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) and time- (3, 6, and 12 h) dependent manner. In addition, E2 had no effect on IGF2 mRNA expression levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The effect of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) in vitro incubation was observed to significantly increase the IGF3 mRNA expression level in a time- and dose-dependent manner. MT had no effect on IGF2 mRNA but was observed to decrease the IGF1 mRNA expression in the liver. Taken together, these data indicate that E2 and MT may either increase or decrease IGF expression in fish; this study provides basic knowledge and understanding of the expression and regulation of IGF family genes in relation to the nutritional status, somatic growth, and reproductive endocrinology of golden pompano for aquaculture development.
Association between Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Another Brick in the Wall
Authors: Piras Linda , Zuccanti Michela , Russo Paola , Riccio Francesca , Agresti Antonio , Lustri Camilla , Dardani Domenico , Ferrera Armando , Fiorentini Vincenzo , Tocci Giuliano , Tini Melato Giacomo , Volpe Massimo , Barbato Emanuele , Battistoni Allegra
Published: February 2024

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly changed the field of oncology, emerging as first-line treatment, either alone or in combination with other regimens, for numerous malignancies, improving overall survival and progression-free survival in these patients. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors might also cause severe or fatal immune-related adverse events, including adverse cardiovascular events. Initially, myocarditis was recognized as the main immune checkpoint inhibitor-related cardiac event, but our knowledge of other potential immune-related cardiovascular adverse events continues to broaden. Recently, preclinical and clinical data seem to support an association between immune checkpoint inhibitors and accelerated atherosclerosis as well as atherosclerotic cardiovascular events such as cardiac ischemic disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. In this review, by offering a comprehensive overview of the pivotal role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, we focus on the potential molecular pathways underlying the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we provide an overview of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Bisphenol A: Unveiling Its Role in Glioma Progression and Tumor Growth
Authors: Niu Liang , Jia Juan , Yang Hu , Liu Shangyu , Wang Hongyu , Yan Yunji , Li Qiao , Dong Qiang , Zhang He , Zhao Guoming , Dai Junqiang , Yuan Guoqiang , Pan Yawen
Published: February 2024

Gliomas represent the most common and lethal category of primary brain tumors. Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely recognized endocrine disruptor, has been implicated in the progression of cancer. Despite its established links to various cancers, the association between BPA and glioma progression remains to be clearly defined. This study aimed to shed light on the impact of BPA on glioma cell proliferation and overall tumor progression. Our results demonstrate that BPA significantly accelerates glioma cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPA has been found to enhance the invasive and migratory capabilities of glioma cells, potentially promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics within these tumors. Employing bioinformatics approaches, we devised a risk assessment model to gauge the potential glioma hazards associated with BPA exposure. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that BPA not only facilitates glioma invasion and migration but also inhibits apoptotic processes. In summary, our study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms by which BPA may promote tumorigenesis in gliomas, contributing to the understanding of its broader implications in oncology.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors Decrease Proliferation of Melanoma Cell Lines and Their Activity Is Modulated by Vitamin D
Authors: Piotrowska Anna , Nowak Joanna I. , Wierzbicka Justyna M. , Domżalski Paweł , Górska-Arcisz Monika , Sądej Rafał , Popiel Delfina , Wieczorek Maciej , Żmijewski Michał A.
Published: February 2024

Regardless of the unprecedented progress in malignant melanoma treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of patients during the last twelve years, this skin cancer remains the most lethal one. We have previously documented that vitamin D and its low-calcaemic analogues enhance the anticancer activity of drugs including a classic chemotherapeutic—dacarbazine—and an antiangiogenic VEGFRs inhibitor—cediranib. In this study, we explored the response of A375 and RPMI7951 melanoma lines to CPL304110 (CPL110), a novel selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), and compared its efficacy with that of AZD4547, the first-generation FGFRs selective inhibitor. We also tested whether 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, modulates the response of the cells to these drugs. CPL304110 efficiently decreased the viability of melanoma cells in both A375 and RPMI7951 cell lines, with the IC50 value below 1 µM. However, the metastatic RPMI7951 melanoma cells were less sensitive to the tested drug than A375 cells, isolated from primary tumour site. Both tested FGFR inhibitors triggered G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in A375 melanoma cells and increased apoptotic/necrotic SubG1 fraction in RPMI7951 melanoma cells. 1,25(OH)2D3 modulated the efficacy of CPL304110, by decreasing the IC50 value by more than 4-fold in A375 cell line, but not in RPMI7951 cells. Further analysis revealed that both inhibitors impact vitamin D signalling to some extent, and this effect is cell line-specific. On the other hand, 1,25(OH)2D3, have an impact on the expression of FGFR receptors and phosphorylation (FGFR-Tyr653/654). Interestingly, 1,25(OH)2D3 and CPL304110 co-treatment resulted in activation of the ERK1/2 pathway in A375 cells. Our results strongly suggested possible crosstalk between vitamin D-activated pathways and activity of FGFR inhibitors, which should be considered in further clinical studies.
Selenium Lessens Osteoarthritis by Protecting Articular Chondrocytes from Oxidative Damage through Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways
Authors: Cheng Hsiao-Ling , Yen Chia-Chi , Huang Li-Wen , Hu Yu-Chen , Huang Tzu-Ching , Hsieh Bau-Shan , Chang Kee-Lung
Published: February 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) causes joint pain and disability due to the abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chondrocytes, leading to cell death and cartilage matrix destruction. Selenium (Se) intake can protect cells against oxidative damage. It is still unknown whether Se supplementation is beneficial for OA. This study investigated the effects of Se on sodium iodoacetate (MIA)-imitated OA progress in human chondrocyte cell line (SW1353 cells) and rats. The results showed that 0.3 μM of Se treatment could protect SW1353 cells from MIA-induced damage by the Nrf2 pathway by promoting the gene expression of glutathione-synthesis-related enzymes such as the glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, the glutamate–cysteine ligase modifier subunit, and glutathione synthetase. In addition, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase expressions are also elevated to eliminate excessive ROS production. Moreover, Se could downregulate NF-κB, leading to a decrease in cytokines, matrix proteases, and glycosaminoglycans. In the rats, MIA-induced cartilage loss was lessened after 2 weeks of Se supplementation by oral gavage; meanwhile, glutathione synthesis was increased, and the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were decreased. These results suggest that Se intake is beneficial for OA due to its effects of decreasing cartilage loss by enhancing antioxidant capacity and reducing inflammation.
Design and Synthesis of N-Doped Carbons as Efficient Metal-Free Catalysts in the Hydrogenation of 1-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzene
Authors: Villora-Picó Juan-José , Sepúlveda-Escribano Antonio , Pastor-Blas María-Mercedes
Published: February 2024

Metal-free catalysts based on nitrogen-doped porous carbons were designed and synthesized from mixtures of melamine as nitrogen and carbon sources and calcium citrate as carbon source and porogen system. Considering the physicochemical and textural properties of the prepared carbons, a melamine/citrate ratio of 2:1 was selected to study the effect of the pyrolysis temperature. It was observed that a minimum pyrolysis temperature of 750 °C is required to obtain a carbonaceous structure. However, although there is a decrease in the nitrogen amount at higher pyrolysis temperatures, a gradual development of the porosity is produced from 750 °C to 850 °C. Above that temperature, a deterioration of the carbon porous structure is produced. All the prepared carbon materials, with no need for a further activation treatment, were active in the hydrogenation reaction of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene. A full degree of conversion was reached with the most active catalysts obtained from 2:1 melamine/citrate mixtures pyrolyzed at 850 °C and 900 °C, which exhibited a suitable compromise between the N-doping level and developed mesoporosity that facilitates the access of the reactants to the catalytic sites. What is more, all the materials showed 100% selectivity for the hydrogenation of the nitro group to form the corresponding chloro-aniline.
Chemical Profile and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Rosa canina L. Dried Fruit Commercially Available in Serbia
Authors: Miljković Vojkan M. , Nikolić Ljubiša , Mrmošanin Jelena , Gajić Ivana , Mihajilov-Krstev Tatjana , Zvezdanović Jelena , Miljković Milena
Published: February 2024

The aim of this work was to give as much information as possible on Rosa canina dried fruit that is commercially available in Serbia. In order to provide the chemical composition, the UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS method was employed for both polar and non-polar extracts of samples obtained with a solvent mixture consisting of hexane, acetone, and ethanol in a volume ratio of 2:1:1, respectively, and 0.05% (w/v) butylated hydroxytoluene. In addition, the total content levels of lycopene, β-carotene, total polyphenols, and flavonoids were determined by means of UV-vis spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was tested by applying four different methods: ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC. Overall, nine compounds were identified. The results of chemical composition analysis were used as the basis for the interpretation of the calculated results for the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The obtained results for R. canina dried fruit extract are as follows: β-carotene—7.25 [mg/100 g fruit weight]; lycopene—2.34 (mg/100 g FW); total polyphenol content (TPC)—2980 [mg GAE/kg FW]; total flavonoid content (TFC)—1454 [mg CE/kg FW]; antioxidant activity—ABTS 12.3 [μmol/100 g FW], DPPH 6.84, FRAP 52.04, and CUPRAC 15,425; and antimicrobial activity—Staphylococcus aureus MIC/MMC 4/0 [mg∙mL−1], Enterococcus faecalis 4/0, Bacillus cereus 4/0, Escherichia coli 4/0, Salmonella enteritidis 4/4, Enteroabacter aerogenes 4/0, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2/0, and Candida albicans 2/0.
Multi-Omics Analysis of the Effects of Soil Amendment on Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Photosynthesis under Drip Irrigation with Brackish Water
Authors: Li Ziwei , Fan Hua , Yang Le , Wang Shuai , Hong Dashuang , Cui Wenli , Wang Tong , Wei Chunying , Sun Yan , Wang Kaiyong , Liu Yantao
Published: February 2024

Drip irrigation with brackish water increases the risk of soil salinization while alleviating water shortage in arid areas. In order to alleviate soil salinity stress on crops, polymer soil amendments are increasingly used. But the regulation mechanism of a polymer soil amendment composed of polyacrylamide polyvinyl alcohol, and manganese sulfate (PPM) on rapeseed photosynthesis under drip irrigation with different types of brackish water is still unclear. In this field study, PPM was applied to study the responses of the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) phenotype, photosynthetic physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics at the peak flowering stage under drip irrigation with water containing 6 g·L−1 NaCl (S) and Na2CO3 (A). The results showed that the inhibitory effect of the A treatment on rapeseed photosynthesis was greater than that of the S treatment, which was reflected in the higher Na+ content (73.30%) and lower photosynthetic-fluorescence parameters (6.30–61.54%) and antioxidant enzyme activity (53.13–77.10%) of the A-treated plants. The application of PPM increased the biomass (63.03–75.91%), photosynthetic parameters (10.55–34.06%), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (33.83–62.52%), leaf pigment content (10.30–187.73%), and antioxidant enzyme activity (28.37–198.57%) under S and A treatments. However, the difference is that under the S treatment, PPM regulated the sulfur metabolism, carbon fixation and carbon metabolism pathways in rapeseed leaves. And it also regulated the photosynthesis-, oxidative phosphorylation-, and TCA cycle-related metabolic pathways in rapeseed leaves under A treatment. This study will provide new insights for the application of polymer materials to tackle the salinity stress on crops caused by drip irrigation with brackish water, and solve the difficulty in brackish water utilization.
Stereoselective Analysis of the Antiseizure Activity of Fenfluramine and Norfenfluramine in Mice: Is l-Norfenfluramine a Better Follow-Up Compound to Racemic-Fenfluramine?
Authors: Erenburg Natalia , Perucca Emilio , Bechard Jeff , Dube Celine , Weishaupt Nina , Sherrington Robin , Bialer Meir
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative antiseizure activity of the l-enantiomers of d,l-fenfluramine and d,l-norfenfluramine and to evaluate the relationship between their concentration in plasma and brain and anticonvulsant activity. d,l-Fenfluramine, d,l-norfenfluramine and their individual enantiomers were evaluated in the mouse maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test. d,l-Fenfluramine, d,l-norfenfluramine and their individual l-enantiomers were also assessed in the DBA/2 mouse audiogenic seizure model. All compounds were administered intraperitoneally. Brain and plasma concentrations of the test compounds in DBA/2 mice were quantified and correlated with anticonvulsant activity. In the MES test, fenfluramine, norfenfluramine and their enantiomers showed comparable anticonvulsant activity, with ED50 values between 5.1 and 14.8 mg/kg. In the audiogenic seizure model, l-norfenfluramine was 9 times more potent than d,l-fenfluramine and 15 times more potent than l-fenfluramine based on ED50 (1.2 vs. 10.2 and 17.7 mg/kg, respectively). Brain concentrations of all compounds were about 20-fold higher than in plasma. Based on brain EC50 values, l-norfenfluramine was 7 times more potent than d,l-fenfluramine and 13 times more potent than l-fenfluramine (1940 vs. 13,200 and 25,400 ng/g, respectively). EC50 values for metabolically formed d,l-norfenfluramine and l-norfenfluramine were similar to brain EC50 values of the same compounds administered as such, suggesting that, in the audiogenic seizure model, the metabolites were responsible for the antiseizure activity of the parent compounds. Because of the evidence linking d-norfenfluramine to d,l-fenfluramine to cardiovascular and metabolic adverse effects, their l-enantiomers could potentially be safer follow-up compounds to d,l-fenfluramine. We found that, in the models tested, the activity of l-fenfluramine and l-norfenfluramine was comparable to that of the corresponding racemates. Based on the results in DBA/2 mice and other considerations, l-norfenfluramine appears to be a particularly attractive candidate for further evaluation as a novel, enantiomerically pure antiseizure medication.
Mesoporous Silicon Nanoparticles with Liver-Targeting and pH-Response-Release Function Are Used for Targeted Drug Delivery in Liver Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wei Jintao , Tan Yue , Bai Yan , He Jincan , Cao Hua , Guo Jiao , Su Zhengquan
Published: February 2024

This article aims to develop an aspirin-loaded double-modified nano-delivery system for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were prepared by the “one-pot two-phase layering method”, and polydopamine (PDA) was formed by the self-polymerization of dopamine as a pH-sensitive coating. Gal-modified PDA-modified nanoparticles (Gal-PDA-MSN) were synthesized by linking galactosamine (Gal) with actively targeted galactosamine (Gal) to PDA-coated MSN by a Michael addition reaction. The size, particle size distribution, surface morphology, BET surface area, mesoporous size, and pore volume of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized, and their drug load and drug release behavior in vitro were investigated. Gal-PDA-MSN is pH sensitive and targeted. MSN@Asp is different from the release curves of PDA-MSN@Asp and Gal-PDA-MSN@Asp, the drug release of PDA-MSN@Asp and Gal-PDA-MSN@Asp accelerates with increasing acidity. In vitro experiments showed that the toxicity and inhibitory effects of the three nanodrugs on human liver cancer HepG2 cells were higher than those of free Asp. This drug delivery system facilitates controlled release and targeted therapy.
Functional and Compositional Changes in Sirex noctilio Gut Microbiome in Different Habitats: Unraveling the Complexity of Invasive Adaptation
Authors: Li Jiale , Fu Ningning , Wang Ming , Gao Chenglong , Gao Bingtao , Ren Lili , Tao Jing , Luo Youqing
Published: February 2024

The mutualistic symbiosis relationship between the gut microbiome and their insect hosts has attracted much scientific attention. The native woodwasp, Sirex nitobei, and the invasive European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, are two pests that infest pines in northeastern China. Following its encounter with the native species, however, there is a lack of research on whether the gut microbiome of S. noctilio changed, what causes contributed to these alterations, and whether these changes were more conducive to invasive colonization. We used high-throughput and metatranscriptomic sequencing to investigate S. noctilio larval gut and frass from four sites where only S. noctilio and both two Sirex species and investigated the effects of environmental factors, biological interactions, and ecological processes on S. noctilio gut microbial community assembly. Amplicon sequencing of two Sirex species revealed differential patterns of bacterial and fungal composition and functional prediction. S. noctilio larval gut bacterial and fungal diversity was essentially higher in coexistence sites than in separate existence sites, and most of the larval gut bacterial and fungal community functional predictions were significantly different as well. Moreover, temperature and precipitation positively correlate with most of the highly abundant bacterial and fungal genera. Source-tracking analysis showed that S. noctilio larvae at coexistence sites remain dependent on adult gut transmission (vertical transmission) or recruitment to frass (horizontal transmission). Meanwhile, stochastic processes of drift and dispersal limitation also have important impacts on the assembly of S. noctilio larval gut microbiome, especially at coexistence sites. In summary, our results reveal the potential role of changes in S. noctilio larval gut microbiome in the successful colonization and better adaptation of the environment.