bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host-specific gene expression as a tool for introduction success in Naupactus parthenogenetic weevils
Authors: Mackay-Smith Ava , Dornon Mary Kate , Lucier Rosalind , Okimoto Anna , Mendonca de Sousa Flavia , Rodriguero Marcela , Confalonieri Viviana , Lanteri Analia A. , Sequeira Andrea S.
Published: July 2021

Food resource access can mediate establishment success in invasive species, and generalist herbivorous insects are thought to rely on mechanisms of transcriptional plasticity to respond to dietary variation. While asexually reproducing invasives typically have low genetic variation, the twofold reproductive capacity of asexual organisms is a marked advantage for colonization. We studied host-related transcriptional acclimation in parthenogenetic, invasive, and polyphagous weevils: Naupactus cervinus and N. leucoloma. We analyzed patterns of gene expression in three gene categories that can mediate weevil-host plant interactions through identification of suitable host plants, short-term acclimation to host plant defenses, and long-term adaptation to host plant defenses and their pathogens. This approach employed comparative transcriptomic methods to investigate differentially expressed host detection, detoxification, immune defense genes, and pathway-level gene set enrichment. Our results show that weevil gene expression responses can be host plant-specific, and that elements of that response can be maintained in the offspring. Some host plant groups, such as legumes, appear to be more taxing as they elicit a complex gene expression response which is both strong in intensity and specific in identity. However, the weevil response to taxing host plants shares many differentially expressed genes with other stressful situations, such as host plant cultivation conditions and transition to novel host, suggesting that there is an evolutionarily favorable shared gene expression regime for responding to different types of stressful situations. Modulating gene expression in the absence of other avenues for phenotypic adaptation may be an important mechanism of successful colonization for these introduced insects.
Genome-wide association study of pancreatic fat: The Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study
Authors: Streicher Samantha A. , Lim Unhee , Park S. Lani , Li Yuqing , Sheng Xin , Hom Victor , Xia Lucy , Pooler Loreall , Shepherd John , Loo Lenora W. M. , Darst Burcu F. , Highland Heather M. , Polfus Linda M. , Bogumil David , Ernst Thomas , Buchthal Steven , Franke Adrian A. , Setiawan Veronica Wendy , Tiirikainen Maarit , Wilkens Lynne R. , Haiman Christopher A. , Stram Daniel O. , Cheng Iona , Le Marchand Loïc
Published: July 2021

Several studies have found associations between higher pancreatic fat content and adverse health outcomes, such as diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, but investigations into the genetic contributions to pancreatic fat are limited. This genome-wide association study, comprised of 804 participants with MRI-assessed pancreatic fat measurements, was conducted in the ethnically diverse Multiethnic Cohort-Adiposity Phenotype Study (MEC-APS). Two genetic variants reaching genome-wide significance, rs73449607 on chromosome 13q21.2 (Beta = -0.67, P = 4.50x10-8) and rs7996760 on chromosome 6q14 (Beta = -0.90, P = 4.91x10-8) were associated with percent pancreatic fat on the log scale. Rs73449607 was most common in the African American population (13%) and rs79967607 was most common in the European American population (6%). Rs73449607 was also associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.89–1.00, P = 0.047) in the Population Architecture Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) Study and the DIAbetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM), which included substantial numbers of non-European ancestry participants (53,102 cases and 193,679 controls). Rs73449607 is located in an intergenic region between GSX1 and PLUTO, and rs79967607 is in intron 1 of EPM2A. PLUTO, a lncRNA, regulates transcription of an adjacent gene, PDX1, that controls beta-cell function in the mature pancreas, and EPM2A encodes the protein laforin, which plays a critical role in regulating glycogen production. If validated, these variants may suggest a genetic component for pancreatic fat and a common etiologic link between pancreatic fat and type 2 diabetes.
Development of an artificial neural network as a tool for predicting the chemical attributes of fresh peach fruits
Authors: Abdel-Sattar Mahmoud , Al-Obeed Rashid S. , Aboukarima Abdulwahed M. , Eshra Dalia H.
Published: July 2021

This investigation aimed to develop a method to predict the total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, TSS/titratable acidity, vitamin C, anthocyanin, and total carotenoids contents using surface color values (L*, Hue and chroma), single fruit weight, juice volume, and sphericity percent of fresh peach fruit. Multiple regression analysis (MLR) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were employed. An ANN model was developed with six inputs and 15 neurons in the first hidden layer for the prediction of six chemical composition parameters. The results confirmed that the ANN model R2 = 974–0.998 outperformed the MLR models R2 = 0.473–0.840 using testing dataset. Moreover, sensitivity analysis revealed that the juice volume was the most dominating parameter for the prediction of titratable acidity, TSS/titratable acidity and vitamin C with corresponding contribution values of 39.97%, 50.40%, and 33.08%, respectively. In addition, sphericity percent contributed by 23.70% to anthocyanin and by 24.08% to total carotenoids. Furthermore, hue on TSS prediction was the highest compared with the other parameters, with a contribution percentage of 20.86%. Chroma contributed by different values to all variables in the range of 5.29% to 19.39%. Furthermore, fruit weight contributed by different values to all variables in the range of 16.67% to 23.48%. The ANN prediction method denotes a promising methodology to estimate targeted chemical composition levels of fresh peach fruits. The information of peach quality reported in this investigation can be used as a baseline for understanding and further examining peach fruit quality.
Scalable and accurate method for neuronal ensemble detection in spiking neural networks
Authors: Herzog Rubén , Morales Arturo , Mora Soraya , Araya Joaquín , Escobar María-José , Palacios Adrian G. , Cofré Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

We propose a novel, scalable, and accurate method for detecting neuronal ensembles from a population of spiking neurons. Our approach offers a simple yet powerful tool to study ensemble activity. It relies on clustering synchronous population activity (population vectors), allows the participation of neurons in different ensembles, has few parameters to tune and is computationally efficient. To validate the performance and generality of our method, we generated synthetic data, where we found that our method accurately detects neuronal ensembles for a wide range of simulation parameters. We found that our method outperforms current alternative methodologies. We used spike trains of retinal ganglion cells obtained from multi-electrode array recordings under a simple ON-OFF light stimulus to test our method. We found a consistent stimuli-evoked ensemble activity intermingled with spontaneously active ensembles and irregular activity. Our results suggest that the early visual system activity could be organized in distinguishable functional ensembles. We provide a Graphic User Interface, which facilitates the use of our method by the scientific community.
Using financial diaries to understand the economic lives of HIV-positive pregnant women and new mothers in PMTCT in Zomba, Malawi
Authors: Lorenzetti Lara , Swann Mandy , Martinez Andres , O’Regan Amy , Taylor Jamilah , Hoyt Alexis
Published: July 2021

Background

Economic strengthening (ES) interventions can address economic barriers to retention and adherence (R&A) to antiretroviral therapy in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services. To inform tailoring of ES activities for PMTCT, we used financial diaries to understand the economic lives of women in PMTCT and examine associations between participants’ finances and their R&A.

Methods

We collected financial data from a stratified sample (n = 241) of HIV-positive pregnant women and new mothers enrolled in PMTCT from three clinics in Zomba, Malawi. For 30 weeks, participants met with staff to record cash and in-kind inflows and outflows. We used clinical records to calculate a measure of R&A for each participant. We summarized diary data using R and used cox proportional hazard models to examine the relationship between R&A and participant characteristics and behavior.

Results

There were 68,097 cash transactions over 30 weeks, with 10% characterized as inflows. The median value of cash inflows was US$3.54 compared with US$0.42 for cash outflows. Fewer than 7% of total transactions were considered related to PMTCT, with the majority classified as food or drink. Participants in the rural site had the lowest hazard of non-adherence. Decreased hazard of non-adherence was also linked to having dependents and years on ART. There were significant differences in cash inflows and outflows between those who were always adherent and those who were not.

Conclusions

Financial inflows were large and erratic, whereas outflows were small but consistent. PMTCT expenses comprised a small proportion of overall expenses and focused on proper nutrition. The influence of inflows and outflows on adherence was significant but small; however, always adherent participants demonstrated smoother inflows and outflows, indicating an association between greater adherence and economic stability. Participants would benefit from interventions that bolster and stabilize their economic lives, including income generating activities in the agricultural industry and inclusion in village banks.
Rainfall, temperature, and Classic Maya conflict: A comparison of hypotheses using Bayesian time-series analysis
Authors: Collard Mark , Carleton W. Christopher , Campbell David A.
Published: July 2021

Studies published over the last decade have reached contrasting conclusions regarding the impact of climate change on conflict among the Classic Maya (ca. 250-900 CE). Some researchers have argued that rainfall declines exacerbated conflict in this civilisation. However, other researchers have found that the relevant climate variable was increasing summer temperatures and not decreasing rainfall. The goal of the study reported here was to test between these two hypotheses. To do so, we collated annually-resolved conflict and climate data, and then subjected them to a recently developed Bayesian method for analysing count-based times-series. The results indicated that increasing summer temperature exacerbated conflict while annual rainfall variation had no effect. This finding not only has important implications for our understanding of conflict in the Maya region during the Classic Period. It also contributes to the ongoing discussion about the likely impact of contemporary climate change on conflict levels. Specifically, when our finding is placed alongside the results of other studies that have examined temperature and conflict over the long term, it is clear that the impact of climate change on conflict is context dependent.
Effectiveness of drug safety measures for reducing the incidence of adverse drug reactions: Post-hoc analysis of data from all-case surveillance of iguratimod using generalized estimating equations
Authors: Shibata Kai , Yoshimura Akiko , Ikeuchi Satoshi , Ishii Mika
Published: July 2021

A post-marketing study was performed on all patients who had started treatment with iguratimod, a conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug approved in Japan. During the study period, various safety measures were implemented to reduce risks. We investigated the frequency of adverse drug reactions before and after implementation of each safety measure to examine the preventive effect of these measures. Post-hoc analysis was performed using data from all-case surveillance of iguratimod. The subjects were all of the patients receiving iguratimod for whom safety information was obtained. To identify the time after starting administration when adverse drug reactions were most likely to occur, a generalized linear mixed-effect model was applied for the period from initiation of administration until occurrence of reactions in each patient. The mean incidence of adverse drug reactions per patient was compared before and after the implementation of safety measures by using generalized estimating equations based on a two-sided test, 95% confidence interval, and 5% significance level. The number of patients treated with iguratimod was not related to changes in the number of patients with adverse drug reactions. After implementing precautions regarding co-administration with warfarin and liver dysfunction, the estimated mean incidence rate of adverse drug reactions (95% confidence interval) decreased significantly to 0.73 (0.59–0.90) and 0.72 (0.55–0.94), respectively. Accordingly, some of the implementation of safety measures significantly reduced adverse drug reactions. The effectiveness of safety measures implemented during the all-case surveillance of iguratimod was evaluated, revealing that early implementation of safety measures decreased the incidence of adverse drug reactions.
Exploring the sentiment of entrepreneurs on Twitter
Authors: Waters James , Nicolaou Nicos , Stefanidis Dimosthenis , Efstathiades Hariton , Pallis George , Dikaiakos Marios
Published: July 2021

Sentiment analysis is an evolving field of study that employs artificial intelligence techniques to identify the emotions and opinions expressed in a given text. Applying sentiment analysis to study the billions of messages that circulate in popular online social media platforms has raised numerous opportunities for exploring the emotional expressions of their users. In this paper we combine sentiment analysis with natural language processing and topic analysis techniques and conduct two different studies to examine whether engagement in entrepreneurship is associated with more positive emotions expressed on Twitter. In study 1, we investigate three samples with 6.717.308, 13.253.244, and 62.067.509 tweets respectively. We find that entrepreneurs express more positive emotions than non-entrepreneurs for most topics. We also find that social entrepreneurs express more positive emotions, and that serial entrepreneurs express less positive emotions than other entrepreneurs. In study 2, we use 21.491.962 tweets to explore 37.225 job-status changes by individuals who entered or quit entrepreneurship. We find that a job change to entrepreneurship is associated with a shift in the expression of emotions to more positive ones.
Meta-analysis of the prevalence of malaria associated with pregnancy in Colombia 2000–2020
Authors: Cardona-Arias Jaiberth Antonio , Carmona-Fonseca Jaime
Published: July 2021

Knowledge about malaria associated with pregnancy is scarce in Latin America, and in Colombia, little is known about the magnitude of this infection. A systematic review was conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria associated with pregnancy (MAP) and each of its three forms: gestational (GM), placental (PM), and congenital (CM) tested using thick blood smear (TBS) and PCR. Also to compare the proportion of cases dueto Plasmodium falciparumandPlasmodium vivaxin Colombia from the year 2000–2020. We searched in Pubmed, Science Direct, EMBASE, EMCare, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Lilacs, Google Scholar, libraries, and repositories of Colombian universities, to obtain data on prevalence of GM, PM and CM with their respective testing method. We performed a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to obtain pooled prevalence of MAP and its three forms categorized by testing methods (TBS and PCR). We used data from 14 studies (out of 258 screened) contributing 7932, 2506 women for GM and PM respectively, also data on 1143 umbilical cord blood samples, and 899 peripheral blood of neonates. We found prevalence by TBS as, MAP 4.5% (95%CI = 2.9–6.9), GM 5.8% (95%CI = 3.8–8.7), PM 3.4% (95%CI = 1.7–6.7) and CM 1.3% (95%CI = 0.6–3.0). With PCR the prevalence was, MAP 14.4% (95%CI = 7.6–25.5), GM 16.7% (95%CI = 9.0–28.8), PM 11.0% (95%CI = 4.1–26.3) and CM 16.2% (95%CI = 8.2–29.5). The prevalence of submicroscopic infection was 8.5% (95%CI = 3.4–19.7) in GM, 10.1% (95%CI = 3.5–25.5) in PM and 22.0% (95%CI = 13.2–34.3) in CM. Infections byP.vivaxwas dominant overP.falciparumwhen tested with TBS, the PCR test gave similar proportions ofP.falciparumandP.vivax. This meta-analysis has demonstrated high prevalence of MAP in Colombia, and highlights the urgent need to increase attention of researchers, research funding institutions, government agencies, and health authorities to study and intervene MAP, that has currently been under investigated.
Characterization of Penaeus vannamei mitogenome focusing on genetic diversity
Authors: Soares Paulo Eduardo T. , Dantas Márcia Danielle A. , Silva-Portela Rita de Cássia B. , Agnez-Lima Lucymara F. , Lanza Daniel Carlos F.
Published: July 2021

The diversity of thePenaeus vannameimitochondrial genome has still been poorly characterized, there are no validated mitochondrial markers available for populational studies, and the heteroplasmy has not yet been investigated in this species. In this study, metagenomic reads extracted from the muscle of a single individual were used to assemble the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). These data associated with mitochondrial genomes previously described allowed to evaluate the inter-individual variability and heteroplasmy. Comparison among 45 mtDNA control regions led to the detection of conserved and variable segments and the characterization of two hypervariable regions. The analysis of diversity revealed mostly low frequency polymorphisms, and heteroplasmy was found in practically all mitochondrial genes, with a high occurrence of indels. These results indicate that the design of mitochondrial markers forP.vannameimust be done with caution. The mapping of conserved and variable regions and the characterization of heteroplasmy presented here will contribute to increasing the efficiency of mitochondrial markers for population or individual studies.
Optimal designs of the side sensitive synthetic chart for the coefficient of variation based on the median run length and expected median run length
Authors: Yeong Waie Chung , Lee Ping Yin , Lim Sok Li , Ng Peh Sang , Khaw Khai Wah
Published: July 2021

The side sensitive synthetic chart was proposed to improve the performance of the synthetic chart to monitor shifts in the coefficient of variation (γ), by incorporating the side sensitivity feature where successive non-conforming samples must fall on the same side of the control limits. The existing side sensitive synthetic-γchart is only evaluated in terms of the average run length (ARL) and expected average run length (EARL). However, the run length distribution is skewed to the right, hence the actual performance of the chart may be frequently different from what is shown by theARLandEARL. This paper evaluates the entire run length distribution by studying the percentiles of the run length distribution. It is shown that false alarms frequently happen much earlier than the in-controlARL(ARL0), and small shifts are often detected earlier compared to theARL1. Subsequently, this paper proposes an alternative design based on the median run length (MRL) and expected median run length (EMRL). The optimal design based on theMRLshows smaller out-of-controlMRL(MRL1), which shows a quicker detection of the out-of-control condition, compared to the existing design, while the results from the optimal design based on theEMRLis similar to that of the existing designs. Comparisons with the synthetic-γchart without side sensitivity shows that side sensitivity reduces the median number of samples required to detect a shift and reduces the variability in the run length. Finally, the proposed designs are implemented on an actual industrial example.
Evaluation of post-operative complications, outcome, and long-term owner satisfaction of elbow arthrodesis (EA) in 22 dogs
Authors: Dinwiddie Elaine V. , Rendahl Aaron , Veytsman Stan , Ragetly Guillaume , Lynch Albert C. , Miniter Brianna , Ben-Amotz Ron
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to report post-operative complications and outcomes in canines undergoing elbow arthrodesis (EA) with fixation techniques including bone plate fixation with a non-locking dynamic compression plate (DCP), bone plate fixation with a locking plate (LCP), and external skeletal fixator (ESF). Medical records of twenty-two cases that underwent EA between January 2009-December 2019 from 8 referral hospitals including both private practice and academic institutions were reviewed. Post-operative complications were classified as either minor or major, surgical evaluations were performed 8 weeks post operatively, and a follow-up questionnaire was sent to owners. Of the total 22 cases that met inclusion criteria, a total of 19/22 cases had complications, 12 major and 7 minor. Complications reported in 8/9, 7/9, and 4/4, for the DCP, LCP, and ESF fixation groups, respectively. Mild to moderate mechanical lameness was identified at surgical evaluation in 16/22 cases. Complete radiographic bone healing was achieved after 9 weeks in 19/22 cases. Long term owner follow up was available in 14/22 cases. Owners reported a good to normal quality of life in 13/14 cases and poor in one case. The majority of owners (11/14) reported good to excellent satisfaction with the outcome irrespective of persistent lameness. This study demonstrates that successful EA can be achieved using a variety of fixation methods, but persistent lameness is expected and complication rate is high.
Bleeding frequency during physiotherapy in thrombocytopenic patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Grencheski Erick Alvaro , Kochi Margarete Noriko , Politi Flávia Vanessa Aurea , Santos Tabata Maruyama dos , Brito Christina May Moran de , Yamaguti Wellington Pereira , Righetti Renato Fraga
Published: July 2021

Background

During hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) the patients perform activities of low and moderate intensity because have reduced hematological lineages, leaving them susceptible to hemorrhagic events. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of bleeding events, severity, and possible association with physical exercise in thrombocytopenic patients.

Methods

A retrospective study with seventy-seven HSCT patients hospitalised, that had a platelet count ≤ 50,000 /μL and received physical exercise during physiotherapy intervention.

Results

Regarding bleeding events, only six were related to physical exercise, and bleeding events occurred more frequently at platelet levels ≤ 10,000 /μL. The most frequent bleeding event was epistaxis, considered of low severity, and with the moderate possibility of being related to physical exercise; followed by extremity hematoma, considered of medium severity and highly related to physical exercise. In this study, there was no occurrence of bleeding events considered of high severity.

Conclusion

Bleeding frequency in supervised physical exercise during physiotherapy in adults with thrombocytopenia undergoing HSCT is minor and relatively rare but occurs more frequently in patients with platelet count ≤10,000 /μL. These results encourage the maintenance of physical activity in this population who is at high risk of developing immobility-related complications.
Selective reinforcement of conflict processing in the Stroop task
Authors: Prével Arthur , Krebs Ruth M. , Kukkonen Nanne , Braem Senne
Published: July 2021

Motivation signals have been shown to influence the engagement of cognitive control processes. However, most studies focus on the invigorating effect of reward prospect, rather than the reinforcing effect of reward feedback. The present study aimed to test whether people strategically adapt conflict processing when confronted with condition-specific congruency-reward contingencies in a manual Stroop task. Results show that the size of the Stroop effect can be affected by selectively rewarding responses following incongruent versus congruent trials. However, our findings also suggest important boundary conditions. Our first two experiments only show a modulation of the Stroop effect in the first half of the experimental blocks, possibly due to our adaptive threshold procedure demotivating adaptive behavior over time. The third experiment showed an overall modulation of the Stroop effect, but did not find evidence for a similar modulation on test items, leaving open whether this effect generalizes to the congruency conditions, or is stimulus-specific. More generally, our results are consistent with computational models of cognitive control and support contemporary learning perspectives on cognitive control. The findings also offer new guidelines and directions for future investigations on the selective reinforcement of cognitive control processes.
Experiences of friendships of young people with first-episode psychosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Huckle Catherine , Lemmel Frederike , Johnson Sonia
Published: July 2021

Background

First episode psychosis and reduced social networks have been found to go hand in hand, but specific mechanisms are unclear. The manifestation of symptoms and the effect of stigma are two possibilities discussed in the literature but the experiences and views of young people with psychosis have been neglected.

Aims

To explore experiences of friendships of young people with first-episode psychosis, focusing especially on any perceived changes in their friendships or approach to peer relationships as a result of the illness.

Methods

Fourteen participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide, which explored participants’ views and experiences of their friendships during the acute phase of illness and in the path to recovery, the impact of friendships on illness experience and of illness on patterns of social contact, and the potential role of services in supporting people with their friendships. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Results

Identified themes included the loss of social contacts because both young people developing psychosis withdrew and because friends withdrew as illness developed. Regarding recovery, a unique role was identified for friends and participants were often making conscious efforts to rebuild social networks. Mental health services were viewed as having a limited direct role in this.

Conclusions

Supporting the development of opportunities and skills needed for social relationships following an episode of psychosis may be a useful focus.
Risk factors for severity of COVID-19 in hospital patients age 18–29 years
Authors: Sandoval Micaela , Nguyen Duc T. , Vahidy Farhaan S. , Graviss Edward A.
Published: July 2021

Background

Since February 2020, over 2.5 million Texans have been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 20% are young adults at risk for SARS-CoV-2 exposure at work, academic, and social settings. This study investigated demographic and clinical risk factors for severe disease and readmission among young adults 18–29 years old, who were diagnosed at a hospital encounter in Houston, Texas, USA.

Methods and findings

A retrospective registry-based chart review was conducted investigating demographic and clinical risk factors for severe COVID-19 among patients aged 18–29 with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests within a large metropolitan healthcare system in Houston, Texas, USA. In the cohort of 1,853 young adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at a hospital encounter, including 226 pregnant women, 1,438 (78%) scored 0 on the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and 833 (45%) were obese (≥30 kg/m2). Within 30 days of their diagnostic encounter, 316 (17%) patients were diagnosed with pneumonia, 148 (8%) received other severe disease diagnoses, and 268 (14%) returned to the hospital after being discharged home. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.2, p<0.001), male gender (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7, p = 0.002), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.1, p = 0.01), obesity (3.1, 95% CI 1.9–5.1, p<0.001), asthma history (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.0, p = 0.003), congestive heart failure (aOR 6.0, 95% CI 1.5–25.1, p = 0.01), cerebrovascular disease (aOR 4.9, 95% CI 1.7–14.7, p = 0.004), and diabetes (aOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.9–6.2, p<0.001) were predictive of severe disease diagnoses within 30 days. Non-Hispanic Black race (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.4, p = 0.04), obesity (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.9, p = 0.046), asthma history (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.0–2.7, p = 0.03), myocardial infarction history (aOR 6.2, 95% CI 1.7–23.3, p = 0.01), and household exposure (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.2, p = 0.02) were predictive of 30-day readmission.

Conclusions

This investigation demonstrated the significant risk of severe disease and readmission among young adult populations, especially marginalized communities and people with comorbidities, including obesity, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Health authorities must emphasize COVID-19 awareness and prevention in young adults and continue investigating risk factors for severe disease, readmission and long-term sequalae.
Sport media and the cultural circulation of race/ethnicity: Moving from content analyses to production studies
Authors: van Lienden Arne , Longas Luque Carmen , van Sterkenburg Jacco
Published: July 2021

The racial/ethnic diversity that can be seen in televised football, together with its wide audience, makes it an interesting place to study meanings given to race/ethnicity. Previous research on the content of these discourses has found that televised football in different countries reproduces a variety of racial/ethnic stereotypes. These discourses arguably help to perpetuate and ‘naturalize’ racial/ethnic inequities. In order to better illuminate how sport media serves as a site where discourses surrounding race/ethnicity are (re)constructed, a fruitful yet understated direction of future research would be to look at the production process of such discourses. Although the theoretical value of production studies has been noted in previous work, there is at this time a shortage of empirical production studies in sport media. The present article describes some of the main findings of previous research on the representation of race/ethnicity in televised football (a dominant subject of research in this area) and audience reception research. Furthermore, the article focuses on main findings from production studies in sport media, supplementing a focus on race/ethnicity with describing production studies on gender – as most production studies have mainly focused on gender and provide relevant insights for the study of race/ethnicity. We conclude with some future research avenues highlighting the importance of exploring production processes in relation to meanings given to race/ethnicity in sport media.
La teoría y la práctica de la contrarrevolución en el monarquismo autoritario durante la Segunda República española
Authors: González Calleja Eduardo
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo analiza las justificaciones de la violencia elaboradas durante la Segunda República desde los diversos sectores del monarquismo alfonsino, la tendencia de extrema derecha que animó con mayor insistencia una reflexión teórica sobre la contrarrevolución, y los medios para impulsarla por vías de hecho. Todo ello dio lugar a una auténtica utopía insurreccional que fue apoyada por los sectores más extremistas de la Iglesia y el Ejército. Tomando como ejemplo las reflexiones de Ramiro de Maeztu y José Calvo Sotelo sobre el militarismo, se analiza la construcción retórica de una acción subversiva para la que, en principio, no existían condiciones inmediatas de realización, pero cuya minuciosa y tenaz formulación abrieron un espacio de oportunidad política que acabó por materializarse en el golpe de Estado militar de julio de 1936.
Entre la biografía y el mito: la representación audiovisual de Winston Churchill
Authors: Pelaz López José Vidal
Published: July 2021

Winston Churchill fue sin duda uno de los líderes más carismáticos del siglo XX. Lo fue en vida, y su mito se consagró tras su muerte. El presente trabajo estudia el tratamiento audiovisual de este personaje en el cine y la televisión hasta nuestros días. Se pretende identificar los rasgos del mito de Churchill, tal y como los medios los han venido transmitiendo a la sociedad en las últimas décadas, para contrastar la imagen resultante con el Churchill histórico. El objetivo final es intentar calibrar hasta que punto los medios audiovisuales, en su condición de transmisores del conocimiento histórico, están reinterpretando o no al personaje, al margen de las biografías convencionales publicadas.
Antropología y creencia. Carmelo Lisón Tolosana japonizando
Authors: González Alcantud José Antonio
Published: July 2021

Uno de los libros más singulares de la obra de Lisón Tolosana es La fascinación de la diferencia. La adaptación de los jesuitas al Japón de los samuráis, 1549-1592, aparecido en 2005, en plena madurez del autor. Singular porque se consagra a analizar un país y un período histórico ajeno a las posibilidades del trabajo de campo, pero empleando los recursos interpretativos de la antropología, sobre todo lo que se refiere a las extrañezas culturales. Lisón hace esta aproximación con gran empatía hacia la labor misional de los jesuitas en un Japón convulso en el que el catolicismo es aceptado con convicción como rechazado radicalmente.
Exigencias epistemológicas: el recorrido de Carmelo Lisón Tolosana
Authors: Traimond Bernard
Published: July 2021

El autor indaga en los aspectos innovadores de la obra de Carmelo Lisón Tolosana, formado en el escuela estructural-funcionalista británica, pero con una perspectiva historicista, que engarza con ciertas antropología francesas, aunque no tengamos constancia de directas influencias mutuas. Entre otros puntos en común entre esas antropologías y las de CLT, tenemos, las «escalas microscópicas», el punto de vista del hablante, la atención a las palabras y las formas de expresión, la contextualidad de las informaciones, y en definitiva el proceso hermenéutico de conocimiento.
Carmelo Lisón en Salamanca y Granada
Authors: Espina Barrio Ángel Baldomero
Published: July 2021

Se describen las relaciones académicas y las consideraciones personales que mantuvo Carmelo Lisón Tolosana, Catedrático de Antropología social de la Universidad Complutense y miembro de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, con Salamanca y con Granada. No sólo se detallan muchas de sus actividades docentes o investigadoras que realizara en las universidades de las ciudades referidas, si no que también se indaga en su implicación emocional, e interpretativa, en relación con la cultura de las mismas. Ello a través de la memoria de los contactos, textos o comentarios tenidos con, o sobre, Lisón, guardados por parte de dos de sus colegas antropólogos: en un caso, para Granada, los expresados por José Antonio González Alcantud en alguno de sus artículos previos sobre la temática, y en otro, por el autor de este texto que, asimismo, durante muchos años colaboró significativamente en Salamanca con el insigne académico. Se concluye con una imagen de Carmelo Lisón, reflejada en dos espejos, Granada y Salamanca, que nos deja patente parte de las facetas intelectuales pero asimismo emotivas, entendemos que no tan conocidas, del afamado antropólogo español.
Carmelo Lisón Tolosana: cultura e historia en la historia de la antropología social
Authors: Sanmartín Arce Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Carmelo Lisón, fundador del Departamento de Antropología Social de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Dio a la Antropología española un perfil británico. Con ello, modernizó la Antropología Social en España. Su investigación doctoral en su comunidad de origen en los sesenta, así como su largo trabajo de campo por toda Galicia (1964-1975), yendo y viniendo una y otra vez durante el XX y el XXI, le otorgaron una gran experiencia etnográfica. Probablemente, sus registros etnográficos sean los más amplios sobre una tradición cultural europea. Desde la ecología a la mentalidad y las creencias, y desde las instituciones y estructura social a la enfermedad, los valores culturales, el ritual y los mitos, Lisón ha estudiado la cultura humana como un ambiguo sistema simbólico-semántico siempre inmerso en el hacerse de la historia colectiva. Su antropología interpretativa procede de su propia experiencia etnográfica con la gente en el campo, a modo de una larga conversación, en la línea de Gadamer, Benedict, Hume, Vico, Cassirer, Needham, Evans-Pritchard, Douglas y Lienhardt, entre otros.
Humilis Stylus. Creatividad y narración literaria en la obra de Carmelo Lisón
Authors: Montes Pérez Carlos
Published: July 2021

En la obra del profesor Lisón la presencia de la literatura resulta habitual. En muchos de sus escritos establece diálogos con sus autores de referencia para ofrecer al lector una perspectiva antropológica de la imaginación literaria. En este trabajo exponemos algunas de las reflexiones del antropólogo aragonés sobre la creatividad y la cultura y sobre la literatura, para centrarnos en el análisis cultural que lleva a cabo sobre El Quijote de Cervantes.
Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Resin Incorporated with Alkali and Heat-Treated Teak Wood Fibers and Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers
Authors: M.S Puja Harie Priya , J. Brintha Jei , Krishnan Murugesan , Balasubramanium Muthukumar
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) resin is the most commonly used denture base material which satisfies colour stability, aesthetic demands, accurate fit, affordable cost, and ease in manipulation. The common disadvantages are incomplete flow, impact strength, transverse strength and fatigue resistance. The fracture of denture base is mainly due to flexural fatigue failure which can be minimised by reinforcing with various artificial and natural fibres. There are very few studies which have incorporated natural fibres to enhance the strength of PMMA resin. So, in this study both natural and artificial fibres were used to enhance the property and find the best fibres to strengthen the denture base. METHODS A total of 80 samples were prepared using a standardized stainless steel metal die and these samples were grouped into Group A as control group, Group B PMMA samples reinforced with raw teak wood fibres, Group C reinforced with alkali treated teak wood fibres, Group D reinforced with heat treated teak wood fibres and Group E samples were reinforced with Ultra-High molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene fibres and processing was carried out by conventional method. The flexural strength of each sample was calculated. RESULTS The mean flexural strength of Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D and Group E were 82.338, 58.680, 62.259, 105.878, 90.2263 respectively with a P value of 0.001. Group D samples showed a P value < 0.001 which was statistically significant when compared to other groups. The obtained values were statistically analysed by oneway ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test using statistical software SPSS 17. CONCLUSIONS This in-vitro study infers that the samples of Group D incorporated with heat treated teak fibres had shown increased flexural strength, which could be a good replacement for various synthetic and natural fibres to enhance the strength of denture base resins. KEY WORDS Teakwood Fibres, Heat Treatment, Alkali Treatment, Sandwich Technique, Polyethylene Fibres
Morphometric Study of Nutrient Foramina in Dry Human Clavicles in Central India
Authors: Keche Harsha Atul , Thute Preeti Prabhakar , Fulmali Darshna Gulabrao , Keche Atul Shankarrao
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND The clavicle or collar bone is a modified long bone. It is the first bone to ossify in the membrane. The inferior surface of shaft of clavicle presents a subclavian groove. A nutrient foramen lies at the lateral end of the groove. The nutrient artery is derived from the supraclavicular or clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery. A bone is supplied by a nutrient artery which passes through the small tunnel called as nutrient foramina. In orthopaedic procedures to preserve the circulation, the topographical knowledge of the nutrient foramen is important. The study was undertaken to analyse nutrient foramina in adult human clavicles in relation to their number, position, direction, and distribution over bone length. METHODS Our study consisted of 67 adult dry human clavicles (31 right sides and 36 left sides). The number, topography and direction of the foramina were studied. The distance of foramina from the sternal end & total length of the clavicles were measured in millimetres by using digital Vernier calipers. The foramen index was calculated by applying the Hughes formula: FI = (DNF TL) x 100. RESULTS Nutrient foramina were present in all the clavicles. Most of the clavicles have single nutrient foramen. We observed 62 (68.13 %) foramina on the posterior surface mostly in the middle 1 / 3rd region. All the nutrient foramina were directed towards acromial end and the foramina index (FI) was 50.2. CONCLUSIONS The topographical knowledge of the nutrient foramen is important in orthopaedic procedures like nail plating, K wire fixation, reduction, internal fixation devices for the treatment of fracture, coracoclavicular ligament repair and in free vascularized bone graft to preserve the circulation. KEY WORDS Clavicle, Nutrient Foramina, Nutrient Artery, Foramina Index (FI)
An Extranasopharyngeal Angiofibroma of Mandibular Ramus in a Preschool Child - An Extremely Rare Case Report
Authors: Vemagiri Charan Teja , Pamidi Chandrababu , Damera Srikanth , Atluri Supraja Naga , Kallukuri Mounika
Published: July 2021

Angiofibroma or juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNF) is a rare vascular benign tumour predominant in male adolescents and pre-adolescents. In spite of several origin sites reported, nasopharynx in the region of the sphenopalatine foramen and pterygopalatine fossa remains most common.1 Nevertheless, sporadic description of extra nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (ENAF) are also rarely evident.2 Literature documents maxillary sinus as the most favourable site for ENAF followed by the ethmoid sinus, nasal cavity, nasal septum, larynx, sphenoid sinus, cheek, conjunctiva, oropharynx, retromolar area and others.3 However, ENAF of mandibular ramus marks rarity and no case has been reported with respect to this anatomic location especially in preschool children yet. Hence, a rare ENAF in a 3-year-old child, principally confined to mandible, with neither sphenopalatine foramen nor nasopharynx involvement presenting with swelling is described.
An Unusual Clinical Appearance of Lymphangioma in the Cheek of a 52-Year-Old Female - A Rare Case Report
Authors: Senthilnathan Nivedha , Narayanan Mohan , Appusamy Kumar , Mohan Karthik Rajaram , Raj Sabitha Gokul , Thangavel Ravikumar
Published: July 2021

Lymphangioma is a rare developmental hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic vessels. It usually occurs in the dorsum of the tongue resulting in macroglossia that can interfere with speech and mastication. About 10 % of lymphangiomas can occur in the buccal mucosa resulting in multiple discrete vesicle like structures resembling frogs-egg or pebbly surface or Tapioca pudding like appearance containing clear proteinaceous rich fluid. They also can appear reddish or reddish - purple coloured pebbly surface and are completely asymptomatic. In due course can result in painless, asymptomatic soft tissue swelling on the face resulting in facial disfigurement. Such a rare occurrence of lymphangioma reported in the cheek of a 52-year-old female and treated by ultrasonographic guided Bleomycin sclerotherapy is discussed here. A lymphangioma is a misnomer as it is not a tumour of lymphatic vessels. It is a developmental hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic vessels that usually clinically becomes more apparent only after second year of age. Clinically they appear as painless soft swellings of the face resulting in facial asymmetry. Patients affected by lymphangioma usually report to the physician or a dentist and complain only of cosmetic defect.1
Dysmenorrhoea among Adolescent Females Attending a Suburban Medical College in West Bengal, India
Authors: Seth Shelley
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Dysmenorrhoea is the most common gynaecological problem. Almost half of the female adolescents suffer from it resulting in a major cause of school / college absenteeism. We tried to find out the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea among female adolescents in a suburban population and investigate a potential association between the body mass index, dietary habits and behavioural factors and its correlation with absenteeism. METHODS A cross sectional study was done on 270 adolescent females attending outpatient department of a suburban medical college. We interviewed the selected adolescent girls using a pretested semi structured questionnaire after obtaining their or their parents consent. Statistical analysis was done using frequencies, percentages and chi square test with statistical software package SPSS version 20. RESULTS Total 270 unmarried adolescent girls were interviewed. Among them 51.1 % girls suffered from dysmenorrhoea. 58.7 % patients suffered from mild dysmenorrhoea whereas 27.5 % and 13.8 % suffered from moderate and severe dysmenorrhoea respectively. 59.02 % of girls with normal BMI and 54.55 % of obese girls suffered from dysmenorrhoea. Only 16 % patients with mild dysmenorrhoea were absent from their school or college whereas 63.1 % and 84.2 % of patients with moderate to severe dysmenorrhoea had school or college absenteeism respectively. 74.47 % of patients used to take self-medication. CONCLUSIONS Dysmenorrhoea was a significant cause of absenteeism and habit of self-medication was prevalent. Introduction of a school health program for menstrual health might improve the issues. KEY WORDS Menstruation, Dysmenorrhoea, Adolescents