bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Higgs branch of heterotic little string theories: Hasse diagrams and generalized symmetries
Authors: Lawrie Craig , Mansi Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

We study the Higgs branches of the 6D (1, 0) little string theories that live on the world volume of NS5-branes probing an ADE-singularity in the heterotic E8×E8 and Spin(32)/Z2 string theories. On the E8×E8 side, such little string theories (LSTs) are obtained via fusion of orbi-instanton SCFTs. For the C2/ZK orbifolds, we determine a magnetic quiver for the Higgs branch from the alternative type IIA brane system engineering the LST; we show that the magnetic quiver obtained in this way is the same as the Coulomb gauging of the 3D mirrors associated with the orbi-instanton building blocks. Using quiver subtraction, we determine the Hasse diagram of Higgs branch renormalization group flows between the LSTs, and we analyze how the structure constants of the generalized global symmetries vary along the edges of the Hasse diagram. From the Hasse diagram of the Higgs branch, we are immediately able to identify LSTs with the same T-duality-invariant properties, and thus propose candidate T-dual pairs. We perform a similar analysis of the Higgs branch Hasse diagram and putative T-dual families for particular E6-orbifold LSTs by taking advantage of a duality between a rank zero orbi-instanton theory and a rank one conformal matter theory.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Tunneling Spectroscopy at Megabar Pressures: Determination of the Superconducting Gap in Sulfur
Authors: Du F. , Balakirev F. F. , Minkov V. S. , Smith G. A. , Maiorov B. , Kong P. P. , Drozdov A. P. , Eremets M. I.
Published: July 2024

The recent discovery of high-temperature, high-pressure superconductors, such as hydrides and nickelates, has opened exciting avenues in studying high-temperature superconductivity. The primary superconducting properties of these materials are well characterized by measuring various electrical and magnetic properties, despite the challenges posed by the high-pressure environment. Experimental microscopic insight into the pairing mechanism of these superconductors is even more challenging, due to the lack of direct probes of the superconducting gap structures at high pressure conditions. Here, we have developed a planar tunnel junction technique for diamond anvil cells and present ground-breaking tunneling spectroscopy measurements at megabar pressures. We determined the superconducting gap of elemental sulfur at 160 GPa, a key constituent of the high-temperature superconductor H3S. High quality tunneling spectra indicate that β-Po phase sulfur is a type II superconductor with a single s-wave gap with a gap value 2Δ(0)=5.6  meV. This technique is compatible with superconducting compounds synthesized in diamond anvil cells and provides insight into the pairing mechanism in novel superconductors under high-pressure conditions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Even-order optical harmonics generated from centrosymmetric-material metasurfaces
Authors: Tonkaev Pavel , Lai Fangxing , Kruk Sergey , Song Qinghai , Scalora Michael , Koshelev Kirill , Kivshar Yuri
Published: July 2024

Generation of even-order optical harmonics requires noncentrosymmetric structures being conventionally observed in crystals lacking the center of inversion. In centrosymmetric systems, even-order harmonics may arise, e.g., at surfaces but such effects are usually very weak. Here we observe optical harmonics up to fourth order generated under the normal incidence from centrosymmetric dielectric metasurfaces empowered by resonances. We design silicon metasurfaces supporting optical quasibound states in the continuum and guided-mode resonances, and demonstrate the enhancement of second-harmonic signals by over three orders of magnitude compared to nonresonant thin films. Under the optimal conditions, the brightness of the second harmonic approaches that of the third harmonic, and the fourth-order harmonic becomes detectable.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Current experimental upper bounds on spacetime diffusion
Authors: Janse Martijn , Uitenbroek Dennis G. , van Everdingen Loek , Plugge Jaimy , Hensen Bas , Oosterkamp Tjerk H.
Published: July 2024

A theory describing the dynamics of quantum systems interacting on a classical spacetime was recently put forward by Oppenheim Quantum states may retain their coherence, at the cost of some amount of stochasticity of the spacetime metric, characterized by a spacetime diffusion parameter. Here, we report existing experimental upper bounds on such spacetime diffusion, based on a review of several types of experiments with very low force noise over a broad range of test masses from single atoms to several kilograms. We find an upper bound at least 15 orders of magnitude lower as compared to the initial bounds for explicit models presented by Oppenheim . The results presented here provide a path forward for future experiments that can help evaluate classical-quantum theories.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Eight-color chiral spin liquid in the
S=1
bilinear-biquadratic model with Kitaev interactions
Authors: Pohle Rico , Shannon Nic , Motome Yukitoshi
Published: July 2024

Multipolar spin systems provide a rich ground for the emergence of unexpected states of matter due to their enlarged spin degree of freedom. In this study, with a specific emphasis on S=1 magnets, we explore the interplay between spin nematic states and spin liquids. Based on the foundations laid in the prior work [R. Pohle , ], we investigate the S=1 Kitaev model with bilinear-biquadratic interactions, which stabilizes, next to Kitaev spin liquid, spin nematic and triple-q phases, also an exotic chiral spin liquid. Through a systematic reduction of the spin degree of freedom—from CP2 to CP1 and ultimately to a discrete eight-color model—we provide an intuitive understanding of the nature and origin of this chiral spin liquid. We find that the chiral spin liquid is characterized by an extensive ground-state degeneracy, bound by a residual entropy, extremely short-ranged correlations, a nonzero scalar spin chirality marked by Z2 flux order, and a gapped continuum of excitations. Our work contributes not only to the specific exploration of S=1 Kitaev magnets but also to the broader understanding of the importance of multipolar spin degree of freedom on the ground state and excitation properties in quantum magnets.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Generation of squeezed high-order harmonics
Authors: Tzur Matan Even , Birk Michael , Gorlach Alexey , Kaminer Ido , Krüger Michael , Cohen Oren
Published: July 2024

For decades, most research of high harmonic generation (HHG) considered matter as quantum but light as classical. Recently, HHG driven by quantum states of light such as bright squeezed vacuum was predicted to reach beyond the classical HHG cutoff. Moreover, in squeezed coherent illumination, it was shown that the underlying dynamics are significantly modified by the photon statistics effective force. Here we show that HHG driven by quantum light results in quantum high harmonics. We derive a formula for the quantum state of the high harmonics, when driven by arbitrary quantum light states, and then explore specific cases of experimental relevance. Specifically, for a moderately squeezed pump, HHG driven by squeezed coherent light results in squeezed high harmonics. Harmonic squeezing is optimized by syncing ionization times with the pump's squeezing phase. Beyond this regime, as pump squeezing is increased, the harmonics initially acquire squeezed thermal photon statistics, and then occupy an intricate quantum state which strongly depends on the semiclassical nonlinear response function of the interacting system. Our results pave the way for generation of squeezed extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulses, and more generally, quantum frequency conversion into previously inaccessible spectral ranges, which may enable ultrasensitive attosecond metrology.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Pushing magnetic spirals beyond room temperature by reducing the uniaxial pyramidal elongation in layered Cu/Fe perovskites
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Romaguera Arnau , Fabelo Oscar , Fauth Francois , Herrero-Martin Javier , García-Muñoz José Luis
Published: July 2024

The impact of a 3d divalent substitution for Cu using M2+ ions not presenting elongated MO5 pyramids has been explored in YBaCuFeO5 as a new strategy to upgrade the magnetic properties of this high-temperature spiral magnet and potential multiferroic. In this work we investigate the incidence of the Cu2+ with Co2+ substitution in YBa(Cu1−xCox)FeO5 compounds in which B-site disorder is kept invariant (disorder nd≈36%). The study validates the reduction of the uniaxial elongation distortion at Cu sites as an efficient alternative way to disorder that enables one to enhance the thermal stability of the spiral order. In addition, the rotation plane of the helix is reoriented by the Cu/Co substitution and nearby the triple point (when TS is maximal) the spiral order adopts an almost complete cycloidal magnetic configuration. These results lay the foundation of a new mechanism to tune the stability of the magnetic spirals in layered perovskites based on reducing the uniaxial elongation associated to the (4+1)-coordination of

C

u

2

+

ions in square CuO5 pyramids.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
ESG performance, media coverage and brand value
Authors: Zou Xiang , Jiang Jiaqi , Zhang Hao , He Hao
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The performance of corporations in sustainable development is not only a concern of investors, but has also captured ever-increasing attention from consumers. However, the evidence on how these good practices would ultimately benefit brands economically remains insufficient. This study tests the causal effect between corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, media coverage, and brand value to reveal the underlying mechanisms of how consumers would react to high ESG performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses panel data regression analysis with a sample of Chinese A-share non-financial listed companies from 2010 to 2021. ESG performance, brand value, and media coverage are assessed with Huazheng ESG Rating, the rankings from the China’s 500 Most Valuable Brands' list published by the World Brand Lab, and media index compiled by the Chinese Research Data Services Platform (CNRDS) respectively.

Findings

This research confirmed that ESG performance positively impacted brand value in terms of profitability, and that media coverage played a role as a megaphone in this relationship. Large-scale corporates, compared to small ones, benefited more from good ESG ratings due to increased media coverage.

Originality/value

The findings provide evidence of the megaphone effect of media coverage on the relationship between firms’ ESG engagements and brand value in the product market, which has extended the knowledge of media’s monitoring role in the financial market. And this megaphone effect is strengthened by firm size in which larger firms have spotlight effect in draw public attention due to higher expectations in terms of social responsibility.
Beyond the grand narrative of Al Bastakiya: Ayesha Al Bastaki and the Windtower houses of Old Dubai
Authors: Bukhammas Asma
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Al Bastakiya (now Al Fahidi) historic neighborhood in Dubai stands as one of the last remaining residential historic neighborhoods in a city notoriously known to favor newness. Among the existing research about the neighborhood, most focuses on the allure of the neighborhood’s 13-meter-high wind-catching towers and private courtyards, but some delve into the histories of the merchant families who lived in the neighborhood. I argue that the existing literature does not capture the multiplicity of experiences of Al Bastakiya residents, especially the experiences of women. In fact, at times it sits in opposition to it.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is part of an ongoing research project titled Ayesha Al Bastaki and the Windtower Houses of Old Dubai, which seeks to challenge the male-centered rendition of Al Bastakiya by re-introducing women as active agents in the narrative of Al Bastakiya. Ayesha Al Bastaki is a well-established Dubai-based architectural engineer with over 50 completed projects.

Findings

Using her memories in one of the biggest houses in the neighborhood, the Abbas House (now demolished), and the collective memory of her community in Al Bastakiya in the 1970s and early 1980s, a story is told about the role of women in the development of the Al Bastakiya neighborhood and their negotiation of their built environment.

Originality/value

Bringing to the forefront for the first time, women of the Al Bastakiya.
Sustainable development goals under threat: the impact of inflation on construction projects
Authors: Ebekozien Andrew , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis , Thwala Wellington Didibhuku , Hafez Mohamed Ahmed , Samsurijan Mohamad Shaharudin
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Despite advancements in construction digitalisation and alternative building technologies, cost overrun is still a challenge in the construction industry. The inflation rate is increasing, especially in developing countries, and is critical in cost overrun matters. It can deviate construction built-up rate components. This may thwart improving construction-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Studies concerning the impact of the inflation rate on construction-related SDGs are scarce in developing countries, including Nigeria. The study investigated the impact of inflation on Nigeria’s construction projects and their outcome on SDGs and suggested possible ways to improve achievement of construction-related SDGs and their targets.

Design/methodology/approach

The researchers employed a qualitative research design. This is because of the study’s unexplored dimension. The researchers engaged 35 participants across major cities in Nigeria via semi-structured virtual and face-to-face interviews. The research utilised a thematic method for collated data and accomplished saturation.

Findings

Findings reveal that the impact of inflation on construction projects, if not checked, could hinder achieving construction-related SDGs in Nigeria. This is because of the past three years of hyperinflation that cut across major construction components. It shows that the upward inflation rate threatens achieving construction-related SDGs and proffered measures to mitigate inflation and, by extension, enhance achieving construction-related SDGs. This includes a downward review of the Monetary Policy Rate, control of exchange rate volatility and addressing insecurity to restore FDIs and FPIs confidence.

Originality/value

Besides suggesting possible solutions to mitigate hyperinflation on construction components to improve achieving construction-related SDGs, findings will stipulate government policymakers put measures in place through favourable fiscal and monetary policy implementation and encourage moving from a consumption to a production nation.
Reframing: a feminist reflection on Alan Fox
Authors: Greene Anne-marie , Connolly Heather , Dean Deborah
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper contributes to the broad aim of this special issue, reflecting on the relevance of the writing of Alan Fox to the contemporary industrial relations field. It offers an original reflection from a feminist perspective on Fox’s classic insights around frames of reference.

Design/methodology/approach

We concentrate on Beyond Contract, Work, Power and Trust Relations (1974a) and Man Mismanagement (1974b, 1985) as the texts setting out Fox’s influential frames of reference theory, before moving on to subsequent literature in the field making use of Fox’s frames. In undertaking this review from a feminist perspective, we specifically look at the extent to which work considers standpoint, gender relations and political engagement. We draw further on wider feminist scholarship within industrial relations, critical race theory and intersectionality perspectives.

Findings

Despite the concept of inequality forming the core of Fox’s analyses, there is a lack of attention to gender or to other diversity strands in his work and, notwithstanding the weight of feminist scholarship within the industrial relations field since, this neglect has been carried forward into subsequent use of Fox’s work. We argue there is space for the frames to be interpreted and used in ways that leave space for attention to feminist concerns and call on academics to approach their use of Fox from a more critically-informed perspective.

Research limitations/implications

The paper’s argument has implications for the field of industrial relations in terms of conceptual understanding and methodological approaches. With space, it would have been useful to apply our revised understanding of Fox’s key concepts to empirical cases.

Practical implications

Greater clarity in what constitutes “unitary” and “pluralist” perspectives and categories will help employment relations actors.

Originality/value

We present a novel feminist re-framing of Fox’s work, providing new understandings of the strengths, weaknesses and applicability of the frames of reference within contemporary industrial relations research and practice. We advocate for methodological and scholarly approaches which advance theoretical and empirical justice in the field, moving beyond gender to draw on critical race theory and intersectionality frameworks.
“We're loud, why aren't you?” Laura’s social media activism through justice-oriented literacies
Authors: McDaniel Dominique Skye
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Social media offers youth a virtual platform to build community and amplify underrepresented voices. Online spaces are often used to respond to societal issues and adopt various roles. This article aims to focus on Laura's case, spotlighting the intersection of online activism by a youth of Color, and social media literacies used to demonstrate civic engagement around contemporary social justice issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Through case study methods, the author examined how a youth of Color used social media to employ critical literacy practices as tools for civic engagement, advocating for social justice, and navigating the complexities of identity work in online spaces, spotlighting Laura, a self-identified Mexican and Ecuadorian Latine 18-year-old activist, to understand how social media shapes multimodal literacy practices, how youth build culture, engage in literacies and craft civic identities online.

Findings

Findings examine Laura’s social media literacies toward social justice activism, contributing to the understanding of youth activism, digital identity and civic engagement. Findings will also examine how Laura enacts online literacy practices related to her racialized identities, and how she engages in activism and civic participation related to social justice issues. These findings contribute to the understanding of youth activism, digital identity and civic engagement.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on Laura’s practices within the larger frame of politics, digital space and youth culture. Moreover, it also highlights the potential of youths' multifaceted social media literacies to redefine the educator's role by fostering youth identity and social justice literacies.
Employability and motivation: which motivational theories are most appropriate?
Authors: Remedios Richard , Sewell Peter
Published: July 2024

Purpose

A range of models of employability implicitly or directly identify potential drivers of motivated behaviour related to engaging in employment-related outcomes whilst acknowledging that employability is also about developing life skills. Motivational theorists suggest that tasks engaged for external purposes, e.g. working towards an employment-related goal, are experienced differently than (those same) tasks engaged in for less external reasons, e.g. the desire for knowledge. Whilst there are excellent examples of the use of motivational theory in some models of employability, sometimes the evidence is either outdated, incorrectly interpreted or fails to use the most appropriate motivational theory. The aim of this paper is to bring to attention several prominent motivational theories and some key evidence that seems most pertinent across models of employability.

Design/methodology/approach

As this was a non-empirical design, the approach did not fit any research design methodology or structured, systematic or meta-analysis review. The paper outlines a series of arguments by reviewing in detail several theories of motivation and mapping them against current models of employability.

Findings

From a theoretical point of perspective, it is suggested that Expectancy Value Theory needs to be considered when creating models of employability. It is also suggested that motivation for employment-related tasks is probably extrinsic, though evidence suggests that forms of extrinsic motivation can also be motivationally adaptive. Several models posit self-efficacy as a driver of motivated behaviour, but the evidence suggests a clear and consistent interactive relationship between subjective task value and self-efficacy, suggesting that self-efficacy is only a useful predictor when value is high.

Practical implications

Whilst the aim of models of employability is to improve our understanding of the predictors of employability behaviours, the practical consequence is the development of appropriate curriculum. Understanding which features of employability create adaptive and maladaptive motivation should help educators create curriculum that produces optimal engagement and performance.

Originality/value

Models of employability are mostly created using bodies of extant evidence. In this paper, we have tried to identify where some of the interpretation of the evidence has been more or less appropriate. We hope that ideas and evidence in this paper will allow theorists, where appropriate, to re-develop their models.
Adopting Industry 4.0 technologies through lean tools: evidence from the European Manufacturing Survey
Authors: Palacios-Gazules Sergio , Giménez Gerusa , De Castro Rudi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In recent years, the emergence of Industry 4.0 technologies as a way of increasing productivity has attracted the attention of the manufacturing industry. This study aims to investigate the relationship between Industry 4.0 technologies and lean tools (LTs) by measuring how the internalisation of LTs influences the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies and how the synergy between them helps improve productivity in European manufacturing firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Results from 1,298 responses were used to analyse linear regression and study the correlation between the use of LTs and Industry 4.0 technologies.

Findings

Results show that the companies analysed tend to implement more Industry 4.0 technologies when their level of lean internalisation is high.

Originality/value

This study provides useful information for managers of manufacturing firms by showing the correlation between LT internalisation and Industry 4.0 technologies, corroborating that optimal implementation of these technologies is preceded by a high level of LT internalisation. Furthermore, although there are studies showing the relationship between LTs and Industry 4.0 technologies, none consider the intensity of their implementation.
Islamic microfinance services: a catalyst for poverty reduction in eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Shikur Anwar Adem , Akkas Erhan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the influence of Islamic microfinance services (IMFS) on poverty reduction in the eastern part of Ethiopia.

Design/methodology/approach

A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze poverty reduction and income, education, household size, age and saving of IMFS through a semi-closed questionnaire by using a purposive sampling technique. A semi-closed interview with higher officials from an Islamic microfinance service was also used.

Findings

The study results show that the income, education, household size and age of the IMFS’ clients are the major influencing factors that affect poverty reduction in Ethiopia.

Practical implications

The study’s findings provide insights for policymakers to revise intensively their regulations and directives for Islamic microfinance operators. It emphasizes the government’s role in serving the community’s interests through financial inclusion and in developing programs to enhance the effectiveness of Islamic microfinance operations in the poverty reduction process. As a social implication, Islamic microfinance service providers gain insights into how beneficiary-side variables contribute to the country’s poverty reduction after offering Islamic microfinance products to them.

Originality/value

The results of this study are distinctive because they show how poverty reduction in Ethiopia is influenced by how income level is increased, how better educational level is attained, how household size is managed and how well the age of the client is effectively used for productivity. The paper also provides a new view of Islamic microfinance in Ethiopia, its influencing factors for poverty reduction and challenges with the operating system.
Inter-departmental dyadic coordination in organizations with reference to human resource and operations management
Authors: Hingorani Prachi P. , Swami Sanjeev
Published: July 2024

Purpose

With today’s increasing globalization and associated growing demand for talented operations managers, human resources management (HRM) in operations management (OM) has emerged as a top priority for firms. However, a thorough analysis of HRM issues in operations domain has not been made so far. The study presents current status of interaction, collaboration and coordination between operations and HRM and importance of coordination that helps in improvising the outcomes of the organization.

Design/methodology/approach

Operations management consists of employees responsible for creating highest level of efficiency and productivity within the organization. The initial studies on HRM and OM put forward strong arguments that the coordination between the departments happens to be at a low level, whereas, strong effective interaction, collaboration and coordination is required between both the departments to positively bring forth the organizational outcomes. A study on sample of 257 with descriptive research design was conducted. Out of 257, the valid 228 responses were used for testing of model and analysis.

Findings

The findings of the study conclude that the operations department employees should be in constant touch with their human resource partner. The overall organizational performance and productivity improve and strengthen when there is good interdepartmental coordination between operations and HRM. Employee job satisfaction and work life balance remains appropriate when there is proper synchronization between the departments. The study recommends organizations should work upon better integrating the team such that there is strong synchronization, mutual understanding, harmony, proper communication and information flow between the HRM and OM.

Originality/value

Coordinated efforts and working of both the teams helps in bringing out more productive results, thereby contributing positively to the overall success of the organization, employee satisfaction and better productivity.
Research analytics capabilities (RAC) survey: development, validation and revision using the Rasch model
Authors: Robershaw Katherine L. , Xiao Min , Wallett Erin , Wolf Baron G.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The research enterprise within higher education is becoming more competitive as funding agencies require more collaborative research projects, higher-level of accountability and competition for limited resources. As a result, research analytics has emerged as a field, like many other areas within higher education to act as a data-informed unit to better understand how research institutions can effectively grow their research strategy. This is a new and emerging field within higher education.

Design/methodology/approach

As businesses and other industries are embracing recent advances in data technologies such as cloud computing and big data analytic tools to inform decision making, research administration in higher education is seeing a potential in incorporating advanced data analytics to improve day-to-day operations and strategic advancement in institutional research. This paper documents the development of a survey measuring research administrators’ perspectives on how higher education and other research institutions perceive the use of data and analytics within the research administration functions. The survey development process started with composing a literature review on recent developments in data analytics within the research administration in the higher education domain, from which major components of data analytics in research administration were conceptualized and identified. This was followed by an item matrix mapping the evidence from literature with corresponding, newly drafted survey items. After revising the initial survey based on suggestions from a panel of subject matter experts to review, a pilot study was conducted using the revised survey instrument and validated by employing the Rasch measurement analysis.

Findings

After revising the survey based on suggestions from the subject matter experts, a pilot study was conducted using the revised survey instrument. The resultant survey instrument consists of six dimensions and 36 survey items with an establishment of reasonable item fit, item separation and reliability. This survey protocol is useful for higher educational institutions to gauge research administrators’ perceptions of the culture of data analytics use in the workplace. Suggestions for future revisions and potential use of the survey were made.

Originality/value

Very limited scholarly work has been published on this topic. The use of data-informed and data-driven approaches with in research strategy within higher education is an emerging field of study and practice.
Mapping global value chain, production network, and commodity chain literature using scientometrics: an integrative resilient value chains model based on a review of the literature
Authors: Klarin Anton , Ray Pradeep Kanta , Ray Sangeeta , Xiao Qijie
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Global value chains (GVCs) are facing unprecedented pressures arising from structural changes in the global economy and exogenous shocks including military conflicts and the aftermath of COVID-19. Considering the importance of value chain analysis in the current environment, the purpose of the study is to provide an up-to-date overarching global value chain literature review study that offers suggestions for research and practice to ensure resilient value and supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors provide a comprehensive review of literature of the value chain, commodity chain and production network research based on a systems overview of 5,628 publications to identify the extent of research on vulnerabilities and resilience of value chains globally and gaps therein. To provide the systems overview, the authors use scientometric content co-occurrence analysis methods to analyze and identify gaps within the existing literature.

Findings

Based on this overarching review of the literature, the authors identify gaps in the literature primarily related to the issue of unpreparedness of value chains to exogenous shocks. The authors suggest future research directions and propose an integrative model along with recommendations for restructuring value chains for resilience amidst exogenous shocks.

Originality/value

This study carries out an overarching study of interdisciplinary GVC literature in the age of geopolitical and societal challenges and is thus able to offer holistic insights and propositions for future research.
Digital-based business model design and firm performance: the mediating role of ambidextrous innovation
Authors: Dong Yunshuo , Feng Taiwen , Sheng Hongyan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Business model design (BMD) is essential for firms to interact with stakeholders and gain competitive advantages in a changeable business environment. The advances in digital technologies create plenty of opportunities for the transformation of BMD. However, the effect of digital-based BMD on firm performance and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Based on dynamic capability theory, this paper aims to introduce a framework elaborating on how digital-based novelty- and efficiency-centered BMD impact firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the hypotheses, the authors collect data from 277 Chinese manufacturing firms and use hierarchical regression analysis to process the data.

Findings

The results indicate that ambidextrous innovation partially mediates the impacts of digital-based novelty- and efficiency-centered BMD on firm performance. Interorganizational learning only strengthens the impact of digital-based efficiency-centered BMD on ambidextrous innovation.

Originality/value

This study reveals the impacts of two distinct digital-based BMD on firm performance and uncovers the underlying mechanisms, which enrich the BMD literature and provide a deeper understanding of B2B marketing.
Parents’ effects on Chinese students’ digital entrepreneurship motivation on live streaming platforms: regional perspective using multi-group analysis
Authors: Li Lifu , Kang Kyeong , Feng Yafei
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the effects of parents’ support factors on Chinese university students’ digital entrepreneurship motivation on live streaming platforms. Based on the Social support theory, this study divides influencing factors into emotional, instrumental, informational and appraisal aspects. Meanwhile, considering the impact of China’s regional differences, the paper refers to the Regional difference theory and performs a multi-group analysis to assess the differences based on Chinese university students’ regional backgrounds.

Design/methodology/approach

By testing 556 samples based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling, all support factors parents provide can stimulate Chinese university students’ digital entrepreneurship motivation.

Findings

Based on the multi-group comparison, parents’ informational support exerts a more substantial influence on the digital entrepreneurship motivation for university students from central and east regions rather than those from the western region, and parents’ instrumental support exerts a lower influence on digital entrepreneurship motivation for east university students than for west university students.

Originality/value

This paper applies the Social support theory as a theoretical framework to divide the impact factors, and it uses the Regional difference theory as a guide for the multi-group analysis of correlations, which is significant for online entrepreneurial motivation research and a better understanding of student groups. In addition to testing the hypotheses, the study also measures the importance–performance map analysis to explore additional findings of influencing factors and discuss managerial implications.
An asymmetric analysis of overall globalization on financial inclusion
Authors: Villanthenkodath Muhammed Ashiq , Pal Shreya
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Financial inclusion is acknowledged as a critical facilitator of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals agenda for 2030. Therefore, this study aims to examine the asymmetric role of overall globalization on financial inclusion by controlling economic growth, urbanization and population for the selected South Asian countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Applying the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration explores the impact of overall globalization on financial inclusion in the presence of additional variables like economic growth, urbanization and population in the designed financial inclusion function.

Findings

The estimated econometric outcomes show that increasing overall globalization fosters financial inclusion while decreasing overall globalization reduces financial inclusion. Furthermore, a positive (negative) change in economic growth leads to an increase (decrease) in financial inclusion while varying short-run findings. Moreover, both positive and negative changes increase financial inclusion in the long run in connection with urbanization. Although the short-run results are not significant, the study finds that an increase (decrease) in population leads to a decrease (increase) in financial inclusion. Finally, to support the promotion of financial inclusivity throughout South Asia, several policies pertaining to financial inclusion are suggested.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the asymmetries related to overall globalization on financial inclusion by controlling economic growth, urbanization and population.
Artificial intelligence (AI) for supply chain collaboration: implications on information sharing and trust
Authors: Weisz Eric , Herold David M. , Ostern Nadine Kathrin , Payne Ryan , Kummer Sebastian
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Managers and scholars alike claim that artificial intelligence (AI) represents a tool to enhance supply chain collaborations; however, existing research is limited in providing frameworks that categorise to what extent companies can apply AI capabilities and support existing collaborations. In response, this paper clarifies the various implications of AI applications on supply chain collaborations, focusing on the core elements of information sharing and trust. A five-stage AI collaboration framework for supply chains is presented, supporting managers to classify the supply chain collaboration stage in a company’s AI journey.

Design/methodology/approach

Using existing literature on AI technology and collaboration and its effects of information sharing and trust, we present two frameworks to clarify (a) the interrelationships between information sharing, trust and AI capabilities and (b) develop a model illustrating five AI application stages how AI can be used for supply chain collaborations.

Findings

We identify various levels of interdependency between trust and AI capabilities and subsequently divide AI collaboration into five stages, namely complementary AI applications, augmentative AI applications, collaborative AI applications, autonomous AI applications and AI applications replacing existing systems.

Originality/value

Similar to the five stages of autonomous driving, the categorisation of AI collaboration along the supply chain into five consecutive stages provides insight into collaborations practices and represents a practical management tool to better understand the utilisation of AI capabilities in a supply chain environment.
A systematic literature review on artificial intelligence in recruiting and selection: a matter of ethics
Authors: Mori Martina , Sassetti Sara , Cavaliere Vincenzo , Bonti Mariacristina
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Starting from the relevance of ethics to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of employee recruitment and selection (R&S), in this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the literature in light of the main ethical theories (utilitarian theories, theories of justice, and theories of rights) to identify a future research agenda and practical implications.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of the best-quality and most influential journals, we conducted a systematic review of 120 articles from two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) to provide descriptive results and adopt a framework for deductive classification of the main topics.

Findings

Inspired by the three ethical theories, we identified three thematic lines of enquiry for the debate on AI in R&S: (1) the utilitarian view: the efficient optimisation of R&S through AI; (2) the justice view: the perceptions of justice and fairness related to AI techniques; and (3) the rights view: the respect for legal and human rights requirements when AI is applied.

Originality/value

This article provides a detailed assessment of the adoption of AI in the R&S process from the standpoint of traditional ethics theories and offers an integrative theoretical framework for future research on AI in the broader field of HRM.
Beyond COVID-19: assessment of learning loss on human capital
Authors: Hunt Brian , Kheirandish Reza , Robertson Melva
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on K-12 education using County level data.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use County-level data and charts to look at enrollment, performance in different grade levels, poverty measures, access to internet, etc., to shed light on educational losses after the pandemic.

Findings

In remote education after the pandemic, access to the internet has emerged as the foundational element of educational equity. While declines in academic engagement during remote schooling affected many schools, the potential for learning loss was significantly higher in lower-income communities. A thorough examination of end-of-grade level assessment data revealed a concerning trend of declining Math and Language Arts performance post-pandemic.

Research limitations/implications

One of the major limitations that the authors have faced in this research is that the authors did not have access to the individual/household level data regarding the high-speed internet connection, household income, poverty level and other relevant socio-economic variables. That made it impossible to control for variables of interest, and hence a distinction between correlation and causation was not possible.

Practical implications

Learning loss implications can be potentially long-term and complex. Therefore, targeted and intentional interventions are essential to decrease the disparity gaps, increase resources and raise learning levels to exceed prepandemic outcomes. Such interventions can impact skill development and the potential for future economic success, both individually and collectively.

Social implications

The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to address the digital disparities intensifying learning loss in Clayton County, Georgia. Effective strategies must prioritize equitable access to internet resources and technology, particularly for students in high-poverty areas. By bridging these gaps, schools and communities can reduce the potential for long-term consequences of pandemic-induced learning loss and create pathways for a more equitable future in education.

Originality/value

The main idea of this paper is to compare and contrast the learning losses in K-12 education after the COVID-19 pandemic within neighboring counties and see if the digital divide and/or poverty had any impact on the extent of those learning losses.
Disaster, risk and conducting human security research in Southeast Asia
Authors: Carnegie Paul J.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Typhoons, storm surges and sea-level rise pose major risks to life and livelihoods in Southeast Asia and demand state-level action. However, the prominence and frequency of these symptomatic disasters often divert attention from underlying systemic and situational issues. The purpose of this paper is a normative and conceptual one. It makes the case for a grounded and disaggregated human security approach for decoding complex relationships of risk, power, politics, inequality and mistrust that underpin problems we seek to address.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper’s approach situates the emergence of the human security paradigm and its connections to human development, sustainable economic growth and rights-based protections in historical context. It then draws on observations across the region over a number of years combined with a review of relevant research to detail how the vulnerability and exposure to disaster of at-risk communities extend beyond random or natural events. Having established that a focus on the immediate characteristics of disaster limits our frames of reference and the utility of subsequent responses, it proceeds to analyse the political, environmental and economic drivers amplifying exposure to disaster in Southeast Asia.

Findings

The findings reveal that the vulnerability and insecurity experienced by at-risk communities are not wholly random or exclusively the result of natural, unavoidable events. Exposure to disasters is also shaped by various situational factors, including habitat loss, dispossession, displacement, marginalisation and limited opportunities. Incorporating a more holistic human security perspective can bring into focus the less visible forces and interests that amplify vulnerability to hazard risk for affected individuals and communities in the region.

Originality/value

This is an original paper that underscores the conceptual and methodological importance of a grounded and disaggregated human security approach to grasp the disaster-prone territories of risk in contemporary Southeast Asia and for advancing appropriate responses.
The Politics and Pitfalls of Policing High‐Volume Crime: Responding to the Shoplifting Epidemic
Authors: Taylor Emmeline , Taylor James , Unsworth John
Published: July 2024

It has been reported that shoplifting has reached ‘epidemic’ levels. Comparing police record crime data with industry estimates reveals that potentially just 2.4 per cent of thefts are reported to and recorded by the police. This is creating a large intelligence gap that emboldens thieves, enables organised criminal networks to go undetected, and makes it difficult for the police to prioritise retail crime and detect the most prolific and serious offenders. This article outlines some of the political issues with recording high‐volume crime and the resource implications of increased reporting. The article presents the case for the development of a national retail crime intelligence bureau to improve reporting and close the intelligence gap on shoplifting.
Preserving the efficacy of antibiotics to tackle antibiotic resistance
Authors: Laborda Pablo , Gil‐Gil Teresa , Martínez José Luis , Hernando‐Amado Sara
Published: July 2024

Different international agencies recognize that antibiotic resistance is one of the most severe human health problems that humankind is facing. Traditionally, the introduction of new antibiotics solved this problem but various scientific and economic reasons have led to a shortage of novel antibiotics at the pipeline. This situation makes mandatory the implementation of approaches to preserve the efficacy of current antibiotics. The concept is not novel, but the only action taken for such preservation had been the ‘prudent’ use of antibiotics, trying to reduce the selection pressure by reducing the amount of antibiotics. However, even if antibiotics are used only when needed, this will be insufficient because resistance is the inescapable outcome of antibiotics' use. A deeper understanding of the alterations in the bacterial physiology upon acquisition of resistance and during infection will help to design improved strategies to treat bacterial infections. In this article, we discuss the interconnection between antibiotic resistance (and antibiotic activity) and bacterial metabolism, particularly in vivo, when bacteria are causing infection. We discuss as well how understanding evolutionary trade‐offs, as collateral sensitivity, associated with the acquisition of resistance may help to define evolution‐based therapeutic strategies to fight antibiotic resistance and to preserve currently used antibiotics.