bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing safety in the ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke population: exploring the efficacy of self-releasing chair alarm belts
Authors: Weppner Justin , Gee Alaric , Mesina Kevin
Published: February 2024

Introduction

A quality improvement study evaluated the effectiveness of implementing self-releasing chair alarm belts in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) for patients who had a stroke. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of self-releasing chair alarms as a chair-level fall preventive tool in patients who had a stroke in the IRF setting.

Methods

A preintervention and postintervention quality improvement study was conducted in an IRF to address the high rate of falls in the stroke population. Falls from wheelchairs were identified as a significant concern, leading to the implementation of self-releasing safety belts (Posey HeadStart Notification Sensor Belts) with alarm systems as an intervention. In the preintervention phase (July 2021 to January 2022) falls from chairs while on standard fall precautions were recorded to establish a baseline. In the intervention phase, the self-releasing chair alarm belts were introduced along with standard fall precautions. The postintervention phase spanned from February 2022 to July 2022.

Results

In the preintervention phase, 20 out of 86 stroke subjects experienced a total of 30 falls from chairs. However, in the postintervention phase, only one subject experienced a fall from a chair out of 104 stroke subjects. The mean percentage of subjects involved in falls decreased from 24±11.4% to 1±0.4% (p<0.00001), and the mean fall rate per 1000 patient days declined from 4.6±2 to 0.2±0.1 (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

The implementation of self-releasing chair alarm belts significantly reduced falls from chairs among patients who had a stroke in the IRF setting. These findings highlight the effectiveness of this intervention in improving patient safety and fall prevention in IRFs.
Factors influencing food preferences and eating behaviour among the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) adolescents in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Islam Rashedul , Hasan A B M Nahid , Ferdous Nusrat Jahan , Sharif Azaz Bin , Hasan Mahamudul
Published: February 2024

Background

Adolescence is a pivotal period for physical, mental, social and behavioural development, so it is crucial to understand the factors influencing adolescent food preferences and eating behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence adolescents’ food preferences and eating behaviours in the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the FDMN camp, recruiting 545 adolescents. The purposive sampling technique was applied. First, 12 camps in the Ukhiya region were randomly selected. Adolescents of both sexes, aged between 10 and 19, were included in the study. Respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and dietary patterns, as well as the participant’s nutritional status, were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to present the baseline characteristics, while Pearson’s χ2test was used to assess the relationship between food preference and baseline characteristics.

Results

A significant number of participants failed to meet their daily requirements for essential nutrients, including protein (89.9%), vegetables (82.8%) and dairy products (90.8%). Additionally, 58.9% of the respondents did not consume adequate water daily. Food preferences and eating behaviours among FDMN adolescents in Cox’s Bazar were found to be influenced by a range of factors, including peer influence, access to nutritional education, food sources, cultural beliefs, ration sufficiency, food prices as well as age, gender, education level and household income.

Conclusions

In conclusion, understanding and addressing the multifaceted factors that influence the food preferences of FDMN adolescents is crucial for developing targeted interventions and comprehensive nutritional programmes.
J-shaped association between dietary thiamine intake and the risk of cognitive decline in cognitively healthy, older Chinese individuals
Authors: Liu Chengzhang , Meng Qiguo , Wei Yuanxiu , Su Xinyue , Zhang Yuanyuan , He Panpan , Zhou Chun , Liu Mengyi , Ye Ziliang , Qin Xianhui
Published: February 2024

Background

The prospective association of dietary thiamine intake with the risk of cognitive decline among the general older adults remains uncertain.

Aims

To investigate the association between dietary thiamine intake and cognitive decline in cognitively healthy, older Chinese individuals.

Methods

The study included a total of 3106 participants capable of completing repeated cognitive function tests. Dietary nutrient intake information was collected through 3-day dietary recalls and using a 3-day food-weighed method to assess cooking oil and condiment consumption. Cognitive decline was defined as the 5-year decline rate in global or composite cognitive scores based on a subset of items from the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status–modiﬁed.

Results

The median follow-up duration was 5.9 years. There was a J-shaped relationship between dietary thiamine intake and the 5-year decline rate in global and composite cognitive scores, with an inflection point of 0.68 mg/day (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56 to 0.80) and a minimal risk at 0.60–1.00 mg/day of dietary thiamine intake. Before the inflection point, thiamine intake was not significantly associated with cognitive decline. Beyond the inflection point, each unit increase in thiamine intake (mg/day) was associated with a significant decrease of 4.24 (95% CI: 2.22 to 6.27) points in the global score and 0.49 (95% CI: 0.23 to 0.76) standard units in the composite score within 5 years. A stronger positive association between thiamine intake and cognitive decline was observed in those with hypertension, obesity and those who were non-smokers (all p<0.05).

Conclusions

This study revealed a J-shaped association between dietary thiamine intake and cognitive decline in cognitively healthy, older Chinese individuals, with an inflection point at 0.68 mg/day and a minimal risk at 0.60–1.00 mg/day of dietary thiamine intake.
Genotype-specific spinal cord damage in spinocerebellar ataxias: an ENIGMA-Ataxia study
Authors: Rezende Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro , Adanyaguh Isaac , Barsottini Orlando G P , Bender Benjamin , Cendes Fernando , Coutinho Leo , Deistung Andreas , Dogan Imis , Durr Alexandra , Fernandez-Ruiz Juan , Göricke Sophia L , Grisoli Marina , Hernandez-Castillo Carlos R , Lenglet Christophe , Mariotti Caterina , Martinez Alberto R M , Massuyama Breno K , Mochel Fanny , Nanetti Lorenzo , Nigri Anna , Ono Sergio E , Öz Gülin , Pedroso José Luiz , Reetz Kathrin , Synofzik Matthis , Teive Helio , Thomopoulos Sophia I , Thompson Paul M , Timmann Dagmar , van de Warrenburg Bart P C , van Gaalen Judith , França Marcondes C , Harding Ian H
Published: February 2024

Background

Spinal cord damage is a feature of many spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), but well-powered in vivo studies are lacking and links with disease severity and progression remain unclear. Here we characterise cervical spinal cord morphometric abnormalities in SCA1, SCA2, SCA3 and SCA6 using a large multisite MRI dataset.

Methods

Upper spinal cord (vertebrae C1–C4) cross-sectional area (CSA) and eccentricity (flattening) were assessed using MRI data from nine sites within the ENIGMA-Ataxia consortium, including 364 people with ataxic SCA, 56 individuals with preataxic SCA and 394 nonataxic controls. Correlations and subgroup analyses within the SCA cohorts were undertaken based on disease duration and ataxia severity.

Results

Individuals in the ataxic stage of SCA1, SCA2 and SCA3, relative to non-ataxic controls, had significantly reduced CSA and increased eccentricity at all examined levels. CSA showed large effect sizes (
d
>2.0) and correlated with ataxia severity (r<−0.43) and disease duration (r<−0.21). Eccentricity correlated only with ataxia severity in SCA2 (r=0.28). No significant spinal cord differences were evident in SCA6. In preataxic individuals, CSA was significantly reduced in SCA2 (
d
=1.6) and SCA3 (
d
=1.7), and the SCA2 group also showed increased eccentricity (
d
=1.1) relative to nonataxic controls. Subgroup analyses confirmed that CSA and eccentricity are abnormal in early disease stages in SCA1, SCA2 and SCA3. CSA declined with disease progression in all, whereas eccentricity progressed only in SCA2.

Conclusions

Spinal cord abnormalities are an early and progressive feature of SCA1, SCA2 and SCA3, but not SCA6, which can be captured using quantitative MRI.
Sex differences in muscle-quality recovery following one week of knee joint immobilization and subsequent retraining
Authors: Girts Ryan M. , Harmon Kylie K. , Rodriguez Gabriela , Beausejour Jonathan P. , Pagan Jason I. , Carr Joshua C. , Garcia Jeanette , Stout Jeffrey R. , Fukuda David H. , Stock Matt S.
Published: February 2024

This manuscript represents the second phase of a clinical trial designed to examine the effects of knee joint immobilization and retraining on muscle strength and mass. In Phase 2, we examined sex differences in the recovery of multiple indices of muscle quality after a resistance training-based rehabilitation program. Following 1 week of immobilization, 27 participants (16 males, 11 females) exhibiting weakness underwent twice weekly resistance training sessions designed to re-strengthen their left knee. Unilateral retraining sessions utilizing leg press, extension, and curl exercises were conducted until participants could reproduce their pre-immobilization knee extension isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) peak torque. Post-immobilization, both sexes demonstrated impaired MVC peak torque (males = −10.8%, females = −15.2%), specific torque (−9.8% vs. −13.1%), echo intensity of the vastus lateralis (+6.9% vs. +5.9%) and rectus femoris (+5.9% vs. +2.1), and extracellular water/intracellular water ratio (+7.8% vs. +9.0%). The number of retraining sessions for peak torque to return to baseline for males (median = 1, mean = 2.13) versus females (median = 2, mean = 2.91) was not significantly different, though the disparity in recovery times may be clinically relevant. Following retraining, specific torque was the only muscle-quality indicator that improved along with MVC peak torque (males = 20.1%, females = 22.4%). Our findings indicate that measures of muscle quality demonstrate divergent recovery rates following immobilization, with muscle mass lagging behind improvements in strength. Greater immobilization-induced strength loss among females suggests that sex-specific rehabilitation efforts may be justified.
Robustness of steady state and stochastic cyclicity in generalized coalescence-fragmentation models
Authors: Fagan Brennen T. , MacKay Niall J. , Wood A. Jamie
Published: February 2024

Processes of coalescence and fragmentation are used to understand the time-evolution of the mass distribution of various systems and may result in a steady state or in stable deterministic or stochastic cycles. Motivated by applications in insurgency warfare we investigate coalescence-fragmentation systems. We begin with a simple model of size-biased coalescence accompanied by shattering into monomers. Depending on the parameters this model has an approximately power-law-distributed steady state or stochastic cycles of alternating gelation and shattering. We conduct stochastic simulations of this model and its generalizations to include different kernel types, accretion and erosion, and various distributions of non-shattering fragmentation. Our central aim is to explore the robustness of the steady state and gel-shatter stochastic cycles to these variations. We show that an approximate power-law steady state persists with the addition of accretion and erosion, and with partial rather than total shattering. However, broader distributions of fragment sizes typically vitiate both the power law steady state and gel-shatter cyclicity. This work clarifies features shown in coalescence/fragmentation model simulations and elucidates the relationship between the microscopic dynamics and observed phenomena in this widely applicable interdisciplinary model type.

Graphical abstract
NOVEL UNIFIED STABILITY CRITERION FOR FRACTIONAL-ORDER TIME DELAY SYSTEMS WITH STRONG RESISTANCE TO FRACTIONAL ORDERS
Authors: ZHANG ZHE , XU CHENGHAO , WANG YAONAN , LUO JIANQIAO , XIAO XU
Published: February 2024

In this study, a novel unified stability criterion is first proposed for general fractional-order systems with time delay when the fractional order is from 0 to 1. Such a new unified criterion has the advantage of having an initiative link with the fractional orders. A further advantage is that the corresponding asymptotic stability theorem, derived from the proposed criterion used to analyze the asymptotic stability, is only slightly affected by the change of the fractional order. In addition, the unified stability criterion is applied to general multi-dimensional nonlinear fractional-order systems with time delays, the corresponding asymptotic stability criterion is applied by combining the vector Lyapunov function with the M-matrix method. Compared with the traditional stability criterion, the unified stability criterion is slightly influenced by the changing fractional order and large time delays. The reliability and effectiveness of the novel uniform stability criterion were verified through three representative examples.
THE (IN)EFFICIENCY OF USA EDUCATION GROUP STOCKS: BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER COVID-19
Authors: FERNANDES LEONARDO H. S. , FERNANDES JOSÉ P. V. , SILVA JOSÉ W. L. , PAIVA RANILSON O. A. , PINTO IBSEN M. B. S. , DE ARAÚJO FERNANDO H. A.
Published: February 2024

This paper represents a pioneering effort to investigate multifractal dynamics that exclusively encompass the return time series of USA Education Group Stocks concerning two non-overlapping periods (before, during, and after COVID-19). Given this, we employ the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuations Analysis (MF-DFA). In this sense, we investigate the generalized Hurst exponent [Formula: see text] and the Rényi exponent [Formula: see text] for each asset and quantify their statistical properties, which allowed us to observe separately the contributing small scale (primarily via the negative moments [Formula: see text]) and the large scale (via the positive moments [Formula: see text]). We perform a fourth-degree polynomial regression fit to estimate the complexity parameters that describe the degree of multifractality of the underlying process. Also, we shall apply the inefficiency multifractal index to assess the COVID-19 shock for both periods. Our findings show that for both periods, the majority of these assets are marked by multifractal dynamics associated with persistent behavior [Formula: see text], a higher degree of multifractality and the dominance of large fluctuations. At the same time, most of these assets show asymmetry parameter [Formula: see text] for both periods, indicating that large fluctuations contributed more to multifractality in the time series of returns.
A STUDY OF THE THERMAL EVOLUTION OF PERMEABILITY AND POROSITY OF POROUS ROCKS BASED ON FRACTAL GEOMETRY THEORY
Authors: MIAO TONGJUN , CHEN AIMIN , LIU RICHENG , XU PENG , YU BOMING
Published: February 2024

The temperature effect on the permeability of porous rocks continues to be a considerable controversy in the area of reservoirs since the thermal expansion of mineral grains exhibits complicated influence on pore geometries in them. To investigate the degree of effect of pore structures on the hydro-thermal coupling process, a study of the thermal evolution of permeability and porosity of porous rocks is performed based on fractal theory and on thermal as well as stress effects. This work can provide a general physical explanation on some arguments in this area. The proposed models for permeability and porosity can be associated with temperature and the pore-structural parameters as well as physical parameters of porous rocks, such as the initial porosity ([Formula: see text], the initial fractal dimension ([Formula: see text], the fractal dimension for tortuosity ([Formula: see text] and the thermal expansion coefficient of pore volume ([Formula: see text]. The validity of the proposed models for temperature-dependent permeability and temperature-dependent porosity is validated by comparing them with the available experimental results. The investigations are performed in detail considering the essential effects of pore-structural parameters and physical parameters of porous rock on the dimensionless temperature-dependent permeability and temperature-dependent porosity as well as the fractal dimensions for pore areas and tortuosity. It is found that the pore distribution scale range ratio ([Formula: see text], and pore thermal expansion coefficient ([Formula: see text] have significant effects on the dimensionless temperature-dependent permeability and temperature-dependent porosity of porous rock as well as the fractal dimensions for pore areas and tortuosity. The proposed models may provide a fundamental understanding of the coupled hydro-thermal process of rocks.
VARIATIONAL FORMULATIONS FOR A COUPLED FRACTAL–FRACTIONAL KdV SYSTEM
Authors: GUAN YINGZI , GEPREEL KHALED A. , HE JI-HUAN
Published: February 2024

Every shallow-water wave propagates along a fractal boundary, and its mathematical model cannot be precisely represented by integer dimensions. In this study, we investigate a coupled fractal–fractional KdV system moving along an irregular boundary within the framework of variational theory, which is commonly employed to derive governing equations. However, not every fractal–fractional differential equation can be formulated using variational principles. The semi-inverse method proves to be challenging in finding an appropriate variational principle for nonlinear problems and eliminating extraneous components from the studied model. We consider the coupled fractal–fractional KdV system with arbitrary coefficients and establish its variational formulation to unveil the remarkable insights into the energy structure of the model and interrelationships among coefficients. Encouraging results are obtained for this coupled KdV system.
Deep Aspect-Sentinet: Aspect Based Emotional Sentiment Analysis Using Hybrid Attention Deep Learning Assisted BILSTM
Authors: Padminivalli V. S. J. R. K. , Rao M. V. P. Chandra Sekhara
Published: February 2024

Data mining and natural language processing researchers have been working on sentiment analysis for the past decade. Using deep neural networks (DNNs) for sentiment analysis has recently shown promising results. A technique of studying people’s attitudes through emotional sentiment analysis of data generated from various sources such as Twitter, social media reviews, etc. and classifying emotions based on the given data is related to text data generation. Therefore, the proposed study proposes a well-known deep learning technique for facet-based emotional mood classification using text data that can handle a large amount of content. Text data pre-processing uses stemming, segmentation, tokenization, case folding, and removal of stop words, nulls, and special characters. After data pre-processing, three word embedding approaches such as Assimilated N-gram Approach (ANA), Boosted Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (BT-IDF) and Enhanced Two-Way Encoder Representation from Transformers (E-BERT) are used to extract relevant features. The extracted features from the three different approaches are concatenated using the Feature Fusion Approach (FFA). The optimal features are selected using the Intensified Hunger Games Search Optimization (I-HGSO) algorithm. Finally, aspect-based sentiment analysis is performed using the Senti-BILSTM (Deep Aspect-EMO SentiNet) autoencoder based on the Hybrid Emotional Aspect Capsule autoencoder. The experiment was built on the yelp reviews dataset, IDMB movie review dataset, Amazon reviews dataset and the Twitter sentiment dataset. A statistical evaluation and comparison of the experimental results are conducted with respect to the accuracy, precision, specificity, the f1-score, recall, and sensitivity. There is a 99.26% accuracy value in the Yelp reviews dataset, a 99.46% accuracy value in the IMDB movie reviews dataset, a 99.26% accuracy value in the Amazon reviews dataset and a 99.93% accuracy value in the Twitter sentiment dataset.
Endogenous Long-Term Productivity Performance in Advanced Countries: A Novel Two-Dimensional Fuzzy-Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Antunes Jorge , Aye Goodness C. , Gupta Rangan , Wanke Peter , Tan Yong
Published: February 2024

Better performance at a country level will provide benefits to the whole population. This issue has been studied from various perspectives using empirical methods. However, little effort has as yet been made to address the issue of endogeneity in the interrelationships between productive performance and its determinants. We address this issue by proposing a Two-Dimensional Fuzzy-Monte Carlo Analysis (2DFMC) approach. The joint use of stochastic and fuzzy approaches – within the ambit of 2DFMCA – offers methodological tools to mitigate epistemic uncertainty while increasing research validity and reproducibility: (i) preliminary performance assessment by fuzzy ideal solutions; and (ii) robust stochastic regression of the performance scores into the epistemic sources of uncertainty related to the levels of physical and human capitals measured in distinct countries at different epochs. By applying the proposed method to a sample of 23 countries for 1890–2018, our results show that the best and worst-performing countries were Norway and Portugal, respectively. We further found that the intensity of human capital and the age of equipment (capital stock) have different impacts on productive performance – it has been established that capital intensity and total factor productivity are influenced by productivity performance, which, in turn, has a negative impact on labor productivity and GDP per capita. Our analysis provides insights to enable government policies to coordinate productive performance and other macroeconomic indicators.
Arithmetic Operations on Generalized Trapezoidal Hesitant Fuzzy Numbers and Their Application to Solving Generalized Trapezoidal Hesitant Fully Fuzzy Equation
Authors: Babakordi F.
Published: February 2024

Algebraic operations on generalized hesitant fuzzy numbers are key tools to address the problems with decision uncertainty. In this paper, by studying the arithmetic operations on generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy numbers, modified arithmetic operations are introduced for this class of numbers so that, using these arithmetic operations, the multiplication and division of two generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy numbers are always generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, a generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy number raised to the power of a real number is a generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy number, and in the defined division, the case where the denominator becomes zero is not considered. Numerical examples are used to show the shortcomings of the previous arithmetic operations as well as the efficiencies of the arithmetic operations proposed in this research for generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy numbers. Finally, the application of the proposed new arithmetic operations to generalized trapezoidal hesitant fuzzy numbers in solving the generalized trapezoidal hesitant fully fuzzy equation is discussed.
Gait Factor on the Energy Harvesting for a Simple Biped Robot
Authors: Wang Fengxia
Published: February 2024

To design walk-fast and energy-efficient robots, there has been lots of work in the last decade examining the locomotion dynamics of a passive biped. As the walking environment or system parameter changes, an energy use efficient robot may become inefficient. A possible approach to increase the energy efficiency is through the ability to harvest the energy used during the locomotion. The paper’s main goal is to investigate the relations between walking speed, the locomotion energy consumption of a passive biped, and the ability to retrieve the lost energy as locomotion energy efficiency varies. Piezoelectric bimorphs were attached to the feet of the biped to harvest energy via exploiting the acceleration excitations induced vibrations at the instant foot lift and heel strike. It is found that as a foot-to-hip mass ratio increases, the stable periodic-1 (P1) walking gait becomes slower and more energy costing. Also it means more available energy to harvest, although the retrieved energy is much smaller compared to the locomotive energy. Once the foot-to-hip mass ratio passes the periodic doubling (PD) point, P1 walking gaits will become limped P2 walking gaits, and the high energy cost situation alleviates, which also means less available energy to harvest. On the other hand, if the foot-to-hip mass ratio is fixed and the slope angle increases, the walking will experience sequences of PD bifurcations, and the walking gaits go through P1, P2, P4, P8, and chaotic walking. As the walking gaits change, the average walking efficiency, average locomotion energy consumption, and average harvested energy grow as the slope becomes deeper.
The Influence of CRTS II Slab Ballastless Track Upper Arch Deformation on the Wheel Jumping Law of High-Speed Vehicle
Authors: Gong Kai , Wang Cheng , Xiang Jun , Guo Wenjie , Luo Jiangling , Bian Wenjun
Published: February 2024

To study the impact of upwarp deformation in the ballastless track on the jumping behavior of the high-speed vehicle, utilizing UM and ANSYS joint simulation, a vertical vibration model of high-speed vehicle on CRTS II slab ballastless track was developed based on the non-Hertz wheel–rail contact model of virtual penetration theory. By using the single-wave cosine curve simulating the characteristics of upwarp deformation in the track slab, we calculated the whole process of wheel jumping. This allowed us to analyze how the amplitude and wavelength of the track slab upward deformation influence the vibration response of the vehicle–track system. Our findings indicate that when a wheel passes through the arch section of the track slab, the entire wheel jumping process consists of distinct stages: “wheel–rail bonding, wheel–rail separation, wheel–rail impact (one or more times), and wheel–rail bonding.” As the amplitude of upwarp deformation increases and the wavelength decreases, significant changes occur in several parameters, including the vertical force between the wheel and rail, wheel unloading rate, wheel jump height, frequency, duration, and vertical displacement of the rail. Additionally, when the wavelength is between 2 and 6[Formula: see text]m and the amplitude is 8[Formula: see text]mm, the vertical force between the wheel and rail becomes zero, the wheel load reduction rate is one, and the wheel jumps. When the wavelength is less than 3[Formula: see text]m, the wheel jump height exceeds the flange height, increasing the risk of derailment. Meanwhile, during the first wheel–rail impact, the wheel–rail vertical force and the rail vertical displacement reach their maximum, potentially impacting rail service performance negatively. Finally, compared to the amplitude of the track slab camber deformation, its wavelength has a greater impact on the entire process of wheel jumping. It is recommended that attention be paid to the change in the wavelength of the track slab camber during the maintenance and repair of the ballastless track.
Music Education Teaching Quality Evaluation System Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liao Meiqun , Huang Fei
Published: February 2024

Music education, as a quality training education, plays an important role in promoting the all-round development of students. Music evaluation is often highly subjective. However, the objective quantification can be achieved to a certain extent through the construction of music education and teaching quality evaluation system. In this study, CNN algorithm is applied to the evaluation model of music education teaching. Compared with the traditional manual feature extraction method, CNN algorithm can automatically capture the target depth features. In the experiment, the effectiveness of convolutional neural network is evaluated by means of model comparison and analysis. Taking GTZAN database as the experimental training sample, 2000 Mel spectra, 1500 training sets and 500 test sets were obtained, and the relevant parameters were initialised. The research results show that the dense network model has the highest accuracy rate in the training set in the identification and analysis of the relevant features of Mel spectrum. The model’s value is about 0.917, which is 0.024, 0.041, 0.086 and 0.098 higher than Res Net model, Perception Net model, VGG Net model and Alex Net model, respectively. Meanwhile, its loss curve effect, [Formula: see text]-value and AUC value reached the optimal level in all models, with the highest [Formula: see text]-value and AUC value reaching 0.926 and 0.922, respectively. In addition, in the test set, the average accuracy of this model is also better than other models. The comprehensive analysis shows that the model performs well in the evaluation system, which plays an important role in the evaluation of music education and teaching quality.
On the Completeness and Compactness with Eldestein Fixed Point Theorem in Standard Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Spaces
Authors: Barkat Omar , Milles Soheyb , Latreche Abdelkrim
Published: February 2024

In recent years, Kider and Hussain introduced the concept of standard fuzzy metric space and proved some of its key properties. In this paper, we extend this notion to the intuitionistic fuzzy setting. Furthermore, a number of properties related to this notion are studied such as compactness and completeness properties defined in standard intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Moreover, the Edelstein contraction theorem on this space is established.
Values of certain Dirichlet series and higher derivative formulas of trigonometric functions
Authors: Lanphier Dominic , Lin Allen
Published: February 2024

We determine new values of certain Dirichlet series and related infinite series. These formulas extend results of several authors. To obtain these results we apply recent expansions of higher derivative formulas of trigonometric functions. We also investigate the transcendentality of values of these series and arithmetic relations of the values of certain related infinite series.
Statistics for Iwasawa invariants of elliptic curves, II
Authors: Kundu Debanjana , Ray Anwesh
Published: February 2024

We study the average behavior of the Iwasawa invariants for Selmer groups of elliptic curves. These results lie at the intersection of arithmetic statistics and Iwasawa theory. We obtain lower bounds for the density of rational elliptic curves with prescribed Iwasawa invariants.
Density questions in rings of the form 𝒪K[γ] ∩ K
Authors: Singhal Deepesh , Lin Yuxin
Published: February 2024

We fix a number field [Formula: see text] and study statistical properties of the ring [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] varies over algebraic numbers of a fixed degree [Formula: see text]. Given [Formula: see text], we explicitly compute the density of [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] and show that this does not depend on the number field [Formula: see text]. In particular, we show that the density of [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]. In a recent paper [Singhal and Lin, Primes in denominators of algebraic numbers, Int. J. Number Theory (2023), doi:10.1142/S1793042124500167], the authors define [Formula: see text] to be a certain finite subset of [Formula: see text] and show that [Formula: see text] determines the ring [Formula: see text]. We show that if [Formula: see text] satisfy [Formula: see text], then the events [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are independent. As [Formula: see text], we study the asymptotics of the density of [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text].
A note on logarithmic equidistribution
Authors: Schefer Gerold
Published: February 2024

For every algebraic number [Formula: see text] on the unit circle which is not a root of unity we prove the existence of a strict sequence of algebraic numbers whose height tends to zero, such that the averages of the evaluation of [Formula: see text] at the conjugates are essentially bounded from above by [Formula: see text]. This completes a characterization on functions [Formula: see text] initiated by Autissier and Baker–Masser, who cover the cases [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Using the same ideas we also prove analogues in the [Formula: see text]-adic setting.
Moments of Dirichlet L-functions to a fixed modulus over function fields
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhao Liangyi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we establish the expected order of magnitude of the [Formula: see text]th-moment of central values of the family of Dirichlet [Formula: see text]-functions to a fixed prime modulus over function fields for all real [Formula: see text].
On the non-vanishing of Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight cuspforms
Authors: Min Jun-Hwi
Published: February 2024

We prove the best possible upper bounds of the gaps between non-vanishing Fourier coefficients of half-integral weight cuspforms. This improves the works of Balog–Ono and Thorner. We also show an asymptotic formula of central modular [Formula: see text]-values for short intervals.
The cuspidal cohomology of GL3/ℚ and cubic fields
Authors: Ash Avner , Yasaki Dan
Published: February 2024

We investigate the subspace of the homology of a congruence subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with coefficients in the Steinberg module [Formula: see text] which is spanned by certain modular symbols formed using the units of a totally real cubic field E. By Borel–Serre duality, [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to [Formula: see text]. The Borel–Serre duals of the modular symbols in question necessarily lie in the cuspidal cohomology [Formula: see text]. Their span is a naturally defined subspace [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. Using a computer, we study where [Formula: see text] sits between 0 and [Formula: see text]. On the basis of our computations, we conjecture that [Formula: see text], and we raise the question as to whether for each E individually it might always be true that [Formula: see text].
Higher Mertens constants for almost primes II
Authors: Bayless Jonathan , Kinlaw Paul , Lichtman Jared Duker
Published: February 2024

For [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] denote the reciprocal sum up to x of numbers with k prime factors, counted with multiplicity. In prior work, the authors obtained estimates for [Formula: see text], extending Mertens’ second theorem, as well as a finer-scale estimate for [Formula: see text] up to [Formula: see text] error for any [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we establish the limiting behavior of the higher Mertens constants from the [Formula: see text] estimate. We also extend these results to [Formula: see text], and we comment on the general case [Formula: see text].
Review of polarization-based technology for biomedical applications
Authors: Guan Caizhong , Zeng Nan , He Honghui
Published: February 2024

Polarimetry is a powerful optical tool in the biomedical field, providing more comprehensive information on the sub-wavelength micro-physical structure of a sample than traditional light intensity measurement techniques. This review summarizes the concepts and techniques of polarization and its biomedical applications. Specifically, we first briefly describe the basic principles of polarized light and the Mueller matrix (MM) decomposition method, followed by some research progress of polarimetric measurement techniques in recent years. Finally, we introduce some studies on biological tissues and cells, and then illustrate the application value of polarization optical method.
Weathering as a control on the triple oxygen isotopes of groundwater-associated ferromanganese deposits: lessons from the Grimlock Ni–Co–Mn prospect, Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Knaack Derek R. , Leybourne Matthew I. , Layton-Matthews Daniel , Drummond Justin , Dobosz Agatha , Pufahl Peir
Published: February 2024

At the Grimlock laterite deposit (Northern Territory, Australia), Co and Ni mineralization occurs mainly in the Mn-oxide rich layers of the ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crust overlying ultramafic bedrock. Groundwater-associated Fe-Mn crusts consist of mineral (e.g. Mn-oxide, Fe-oxyhydroxide and silicate) groups suitable for studying triple oxygen isotopes and present unique interpretative challenges (e.g. small Mn-oxide fractions relative to Fe-Mn precipitates from other formation environments and extensive weathering). We evaluate triple oxygen isotopes within the context of changes to properties (i.e. mineralogy, major and trace element geochemistry, and degree of weathering) of a lateritic profile. We use pre-existing mineral-water fractionation factors, meteoric water

δ

18
O and temperature data to calculate

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O values of fully altered mineralogical endmembers, then, using mass balance, discuss scenarios to elucidate measured whole-rock

δ

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O values. The

δ

′
18
O (′ denotes linearized notation) and

Δ

′
17
O of near-surface samples (0–8 m) are generally lower (mean of 8.892‰) and higher (mean of −0.141‰), respectively, than the

δ

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O (mean of 12.767‰) and

Δ

′
17
O (mean of −0.176‰) of samples from greater depths (19–22 m). At 16–17 m depth,

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O and

Δ

′
17
O are relatively high (means of 17.509 and −0.118‰, respectively). The measured whole-rock

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O values are explainable by substituting lower

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O values for the Mn-oxide and Fe-oxyhydroxide fractions, and higher

δ

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O values for the aluminosilicate fraction, changes coinciding with greater alteration. These results suggest that mineral weathering is primarily responsible for observed variations in the triple oxygen isotopes of groundwater-associated Fe-Mn crusts, rather than variation in the initial source of oxygen incorporated into Mn-oxide.

Supplementary material:
Grimlock sample photographs, XRD patterns and supplementary figures and tables are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7071907
Remember the Human: A Systematic Review of Ethical Considerations in Reddit Research
Authors: Fiesler Casey , Zimmer Michael , Proferes Nicholas , Gilbert Sarah , Jones Naiyan
Published: February 2024

Reddit is one of the world's most prominent social media platforms, and also a valuable source of data for internet researchers. However, working with this kind of data also presents novel ethical complications for researchers, including issues around privacy, vulnerable populations, and unintended consequences. This paper describes an analysis of 134 papers that rely on Reddit data while also including some discussion of ethical implications and/or considerations by the researchers. Our analysis of these papers reveals common ethical issues and ethically motivated methodological decisions, as described by the researchers themselves, while also exposing some gaps for further ethical contemplation for researchers relying on Reddit data. Based on these findings, we close with a set of recommendations for ethically-informed methods and reflection for researchers working with social data.
Shielding or Silencing?: An Investigation into Content Moderation during the Sheikh Jarrah Crisis
Authors: Elmimouni Houda , Skop Yarden , Abokhodair Norah , Rüller Sarah , Aal Konstantin , Weibert Anne , Al-Dawood Adel , Wulf Volker , Tolmie Peter
Published: February 2024

Social media technologies have been empowering to some human rights activists, providing a platform for exercising free speech and mobilization. However, many activists have voiced concerns and shared experiences they understand as considerable censorship on these platforms, under the guise of content governance. In an effort to increase the understanding and transparency of content moderation practices during conflicts, this study investigates the perceived reasons for censorship as understood by activists and the explanations made visible to activists by social media platforms, if any were given. Our case study to examine these platforms-activists relations is the events which occurred in May 2021 in East Jerusalem's Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood, which was a significant moment in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and garnered international attention. The over enforcement of content moderation faced by Palestinians and their allies during these events on social media raised concerns about freedom of speech and the role of technology in activism. Our study deepens understanding through findings from a survey of 201 social media users who reported potentially unfair moderation decisions, and from 12 interviews with political influencers to grasp the broader implications of content moderation on activism. The findings of this study indicate a substantial disparity between the official explanations made visible to the activists by the social media platforms, and the reasons as perceived by users. This has significant implications, both socially and for social media platforms -- as CSCW and Group work environments --- on activist groups and the potentialities of democratic discourse. This study serves as an important contribution to the debate on the role of social media content moderation in human rights activism, particularly in conflict zones.
Exploring Multi-faceted Motivations and Strategies Using Mobile Dating Applications: Case Study of Tinder Users in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hyolim , Oh Seolim , Lee Gaeun , Jung Sumin , Jung Kyuha , Lim Hajin
Published: February 2024

Mobile dating apps are now used for a wide range of networking opportunities beyond romantic relationships. However, previous studies on mobile dating apps have not fully taken into account the multiple motivations that users may have. This study aimed to address this gap by conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 Tinder users in South Korea, who reported having multiple motivations for using mobile dating apps. We discovered that participants' motivations using Tinder became gradually expanded but clarified over time. Furthermore, we found that participants rarely disclosed their motivations on their profiles, but heavily relied on implicit cues from other profiles to guess the motivations of others. Based on these findings, we propose design suggestions for improving the design of dating apps to better support users' multi-faceted and variable motivations using mobile dating apps.
Shrinking VOD Traffic via Rényi-Entropic Optimal Transport
Authors: Lo Chi-Jen (Roger) , Marina Mahesh K. , Sastry Nishanth , Xu Kai , Fadaei Saeed , Li Yong
Published: February 2024

In response to the exponential surge in Internet Video on Demand (VOD) traffic, numerous research endeavors have concentrated on optimizing and enhancing infrastructure efficiency. In contrast, this paper explores whether users' demand patterns can be shaped to reduce the pressure on infrastructure. Our main idea is to design a mechanism that alters the distribution of user requests to another distribution which is much more cache-efficient, but still remains 'close enough' (in the sense of cost) to fulfil each individual user's preference. To quantify the cache footprint of VOD traffic, we propose a novel application of Rényi entropy as its proxy, capturing the 'richness' (the number of distinct videos or cache size) and the 'evenness' (the relative popularity of video accesses) of the on-demand video distribution. We then demonstrate how to decrease this metric by formulating a problem drawing on the mathematical theory of optimal transport (OT). Additionally, we establish a key equivalence theorem: minimizing Rényi entropy corresponds to maximizing soft cache hit ratio (SCHR) --- a variant of cache hit ratio allowing similarity-based video substitutions. Evaluation on a real-world, city-scale video viewing dataset reveals a remarkable 83% reduction in cache size (associated with VOD caching traffic). Crucially, in alignment with the above-mentioned equivalence theorem, our approach yields a significant uplift to SCHR, achieving close to 100%.
Thorough Characterization and Analysis of Large Transformer Model Training At-Scale
Authors: Cheng Scott , Lin Jun-Liang , Emani Murali , Raskar Siddhisanket , Foreman Sam , Xie Zhen , Vishwanath Venkatram , Kandemir Mahmut Taylan
Published: February 2024

Large transformer models have recently achieved great success across various domains. With a growing number of model parameters, a large transformer model training today typically involves model sharding, data parallelism, and model parallelism. Thus, the throughput of large-scale model training depends heavily on the network bandwidth since a combination of model sharding and multiple parallelism strategies incurs various costs. However, prior characterizations of transformer models on high-bandwidth DGX machines that use TFLOPS as a metric may not reflect the performance of a system with lower bandwidth. Furthermore, data and model parallelism reveal significantly distinct training profiles on different system bandwidths at scale and, thus, need a thorough study. In this paper, we provide a bottom-up breakdown of training throughput into compute and communication time, and quantitatively analyze their respective influences on overall end-to-end training scaling. Our evaluation involves an in-depth exploration of data parallelism, scaling up to 512 GPUs with limited bandwidth, and examines three model sharding strategies among six model sizes. We also evaluate three combinations of model parallelism on both high and low bandwidth supercomputing systems. Overall, our work provides a broader perspective on large-scale transformer model training, and our analysis and evaluation yield practical insights for predicting training scaling, shaping the future development of supercomputing system design.
NetDiffusion: Network Data Augmentation Through Protocol-Constrained Traffic Generation
Authors: Jiang Xi , Liu Shinan , Gember-Jacobson Aaron , Bhagoji Arjun Nitin , Schmitt Paul , Bronzino Francesco , Feamster Nick
Published: February 2024

Datasets of labeled network traces are essential for a multitude of machine learning (ML) tasks in networking, yet their availability is hindered by privacy and maintenance concerns, such as data staleness. To overcome this limitation, synthetic network traces can often augment existing datasets. Unfortunately, current synthetic trace generation methods, which typically produce only aggregated flow statistics or a few selected packet attributes, do not always suffice, especially when model training relies on having features that are only available from packet traces. This shortfall manifests in both insufficient statistical resemblance to real traces and suboptimal performance on ML tasks when employed for data augmentation. In this paper, we apply diffusion models to generate high-resolution synthetic network traffic traces. We present NetDiffusion1, a tool that uses a finely-tuned, controlled variant of a Stable Diffusion model to generate synthetic network traffic that is high fidelity and conforms to protocol specifications. Our evaluation demonstrates that packet captures generated from NetDiffusion can achieve higher statistical similarity to real data and improved ML model performance than current state-of-the-art approaches (e.g., GAN-based approaches). Furthermore, our synthetic traces are compatible with common network analysis tools and support a myriad of network tasks, suggesting that NetDiffusion can serve a broader spectrum of network analysis and testing tasks, extending beyond ML-centric applications.