bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrospinning of annatto-loaded cellulose acetate scaffolds using acetone/DMSO as solvent
Authors: Dreier Tim , Neukirch Florian , Priebe Hannes , Seitz Hermann
Published: December 2024

Electrospinning has emerged as a versatile technique for producing nanofibers for diverse applications. The fibers produced are highly regarded for their biocompatibility, exceptional surface-to-volume ratios, porosity, and adjustable composition properties, making them promising scaffolds for tissue engineering. In the literature, annatto-loaded cellulose acetate has already been successfully used for electrospinning. However, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was utilized as a solvent in the experiments, which is considered a carcinogenic and mutagenic substance. The aim of this study is to analyze whether comparable results can be achieved with a low toxicity solvent consisting of acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In this study, we investigate the electrospinning process of cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate combined with annatto extract (CA/A). Initially, various polymer concentrations ranging from 12% to 16% (w/v) were characterized by rheological measurements to determine their suitability for electrospinning. The morphology and diameter distribution of the electrospun fibers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Contact angle measurements were carried out to determine the wettability of the electrospun meshes. The rheological investigations conducted revealed that increasing the polymer content of CA raises viscosity, while the incorporation of annatto decreases it. Uniform fibers are achieved at polymer concentrations of 14% and above. The electrospun nanofibers exhibit uniform morphology and diameters in the nanometer range, indicating the successful fabrication of annatto-loaded CA nanofibers. The contact angle measurements showed hydrophilic behavior on all investigated meshes. The incorporation of annatto extract in the electrospun fibers holds promise for various applications, including biomedical scaffolds, scaffolds for cultured meat, filtration membranes and food packaging materials. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing electrospinning parameters for the fabrication of functional nanofibers with enhanced properties.
Autonomy and Use of Flexible Endoscopy Robots in Gastroenterology – A Review
Authors: Giacoppo Giuliano A. , Pott Peter P.
Published: December 2024

The integration of mechatronic systems to improve the control and maneuverability of endoscopes in complex gastroenterology procedures is necessary since manual handling often lacks precision. The result are flexible endoscopy robots. Therefore, the question arises as to how far these robots have evolved. This basically depends on their degree of autonomy and the typical interventions they are designed to perform. In this review, we provide an overview of existing flexible endoscopy robotic systems, categorizing their levels of autonomy and intended applications. Of the 28 systems reviewed, most operate at autonomy levels 0 (no autonomy) and level 1 (robotic assistance), with some progress toward level 2 (task automation) in colonoscopy. For more complex procedures, efforts are made to establish master-slave systems. Advances in flexible endoscopic robots are aimed at increasing autonomy, particularly for autonomous navigation within hollow organs. The integration of advanced sensor technologies is critical to achieving precise control and steering in future developments, and thus higher levels of autonomy for these systems.
Novel axial oxygenator with bevelled shape of priming volume
Authors: Goubergrits Leonid , Franke Benedikt
Published: December 2024

Oxygenators are a lifesaving technology used for blood oxygenation and decarboxylation in case of acute respiratory failure, chronic lung disease, and during open-heart surgery. Devices typically consist of a bundle of thousands of fibre membranes in a housing, with gas flowing inside the fibres and blood flowing in the opposite direction outside the fibres. Both ends of the fibre-membranes are fixed with an adhesive to separate gas and blood. The shape of the volume through which the blood flows is determined by the housing of the oxygenator and the internal end surfaces of the fixed ends of the fibre-membrane bundle. The traditional potting process results in a volume shape that is associated with stagnation zones, which are known to promote thrombus formation. In this study, an adapted potting process is proposed which results in a blood compartment with bevelled end faces of the glued bundle parts. Using a numerical study, we have demonstrated that the novel oxygenator design results in optimized flow conditions.
A New Receiver Design for Biomedical Magnetic Induction Tomography with a Deep Learning Method
Authors: Hofmann Anna , Schledewitz Tatiana , Rueter Dirk , Sauer Andreas
Published: December 2024

Medical imaging is an essential aspect of modern medicine, providing a non-invasive technique for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of a wide range of conditions. However, there is a constant need for advancements to reduce radiation exposure, enhance patient comfort, and increase accessibility. As a cheap, contactless and non-hazardous imaging method, Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) could offer a new alternative to established imaging methods. First introduced in the early 1990s, MIT is still at the basic research stage and under constant change in the technical requirements. The focus of this study is a recently developed planar setting that offers several advantages, particularly in the image reconstruction of voluminous bodies in a biomedical setting. Due to the novelty of this structure, it is necessary to fundamentally reexamine both the forward and inverse problem of MIT. Here, a deep neural network is used to compare an established receiver setting with a new receiver design to improve reconstruction quality. Additionally, a testing method for new receiver setups is introduced.
Deep Learning-Based Real Time Human Detection System Using LiDAR Data for Smart Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Kalashtari Niloofar , Huhs Niklas , Kraitl Jens , Hornberger Christoph , Simanski Olaf
Published: December 2024

Continuous patient monitoring is a critical component in healthcare systems to ensure patient safety and well-being. Traditionally, this monitoring requires significant oversight by healthcare professionals, making it resourceintensive. Common methods, such as cameras, often compromise patient privacy by capturing detailed visual information. LiDAR technology presents a non-intrusive alternative for continuous monitoring, offering effectiveness across various lighting conditions due to its use of laser light. It provides high-resolution depth information encoded as intensity, making it an ideal solution for maintaining patient privacy while delivering precise monitoring capabilities. LiDAR was selected as a reference method because of its precision and ability to capture detailed depth information, which are crucial for accurate monitoring. In this project, a solution that leverages LiDAR technology to enhance patient monitoring systems was introduced. By training a YOLOv5 deep learning model using transfer learning, a method for accurate human detection and tracking within rooms using data collected from a digital LiDAR sensor was used. The high accuracy of the LiDAR sensor enables precise human tracking, which is critical for timely interventions and ensuring patient safety. This approach accelerates response times, preserves privacy, ensures safety during disease outbreaks, addresses healthcare worker shortages, and facilitates efficient monitoring of multiple patients simultaneously without invasive sensors. The ultimate goal of this project is to integrate this solution into Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems for elderly individuals, providing them with a safer and more autonomous living environment. Our trained YOLOv5 model has demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving a Mean Average Precision (mAP) of 99.4% at an Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold of 0.5, with a Precision of 99.6% and a Recall of 99.4%.
Electrical Impedance Tomography for Hip Stem Implant Monitoring
Authors: Krukewitt Lisa , Spors Sascha
Published: December 2024

As a first step towards a new method for noninvasive hip-stem implant monitoring, this work aims to detect bone defects from time- and frequency-difference electrical impedance tomography. As a proof-of concept, an in-silico model of a thigh with bone and implant is used, and convolutional neural networks are applied to predict size and position of areas where conductivity of the bone is increased. From both, time- and frequency-difference voltages, defect size and position can be predicted with high accuracy if signal-to-noise ratios are sufficiently high. This shows the potential for external impedance measurements using electrodes on a patient’s thigh to detect bone loss in the femur.
Degradation und mechanical behavior of nanofiber membranes for timed release of antibacterial additives
Authors: Luckow Pauline , Eickner Thomas , Teske Michael , Götz Andreas , Senz Volkmar , Grabow Niels , Illner Sabine
Published: December 2024

Ultrafine membranes produced via electrospinning exhibit multidirectional strength and elasticity. In contrast to compact polymer films or coatings, they also have an exceptional surface-to-volume ratio, which makes them attractive carrier structures for many biomedical applications, also with regard to the release of bioactive substances. Within the scope of an orientation study we investigated the mechanical properties of biodegradable nanofibrous carrier materials using tensile specimens made of nanoparticle loaded polydioxanone (PDO), polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA) and polybutylene succinate (PBS). Mass loss and tensile strength as well as pH changes during incubation at 37°C in an unbuffered isotonic saline solution with 10% ethanol were examined within defined time periods up to 33 days. Initial tests with several antibacterial additives, especially TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles and octenidine were performed.
Passive control strategy of inductive power transfer to microimplants based on ferroelectric dielectrics
Authors: Olsommer Yves , Ihmig Frank R.
Published: December 2024

In this study, a passive control strategy of inductive power transfer (IPT) using ferroelectric multilayer ceramic chip capacitors (MLCCs) is presented. The required system parameters, i.e., ferroelectric hysteresis, frequency of the IPT, and voltage range across the MLCCs are reported. The receiver circuit consists only of a parallel resonant circuit, a halfwave rectifier and a load; the passive control of the IPT is achieved exclusively by the nonlinear properties of the ferroelectric MLCCs. The stabilization of the secondary output voltage ULoad at constant load is experimentally evaluated for an inductive coupling factor k between 10 % and 30 % for three nonlinear MLCCs #1, #2 and #3. With our proposed passive control strategy ULoad is maintained at -1.2 % and +0.6 % around a median value of 17.3 V (17.1 - 17.4 V) for k ∈ [20 %, 30 %] using MLCC #1, ±0.9 % around a median value of 11.2 V (11.1 - 11.3 V) for k ∈ [10 %, 18 %] using MLCC #2, and -1.6% and +2.6 % around a median value of 5.03 V (4.95 - 5.16 V) for k ∈ [16 %, 30 %] using MLCC #3. The proposed control principle is particularly advantageous for highly miniaturized microimplants, as it allows IPT control without additional semiconductors, sensors and vulnerable communication channels.
Applications of pre- and intraoperative eAEP like eABR in cochlear implant candidacy
Authors: Polterauer Daniel , Neuling Maike , Mandruzzato Giacomo , Polak Marek , Müller Joachim , Hempel John-Martin
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Preoperative electrically auditory evoked potentials (= eAEP, i.e., eABR for brainstem, eAMLR for midbrain, and eALR for cortex) can be performed under local anesthesia, achieving subjective sensation and hearing in patients having a functional auditory nerve. For intraoperative eAEP, we stimulate the auditory nerve with an intra-cochlear test electrode like a cochlear implant (= CI) and stimulate basally when using an extra-cochlear electrode. These measurements aim to confirm preoperative findings (e.g. uncertain preoperative eABR) or intraoperative decisions (e.g. vestibular schwannoma resection). Methods: Preoperative eAEP can be performed with the trans-tympanic stimulation electrode and a neurological EP system for recording the responses. In addition, eAEP under local anesthesia allows for preoperative diagnostics of subjective sensation. For intraoperative eAEP, the intra-cochlear auditory nerve test system (= ANTS) system is preferable showing similar results to the gold standard CI-eABR (i.e., eABR using a CI for stimulation). The eAMLR can be used only preoperatively in case of ambiguous EABR or for extended analysis of the auditory pathway. Results: During preoperative eAEP in local anesthesia, an eABR is essential. eAMLR and eALR are optional. The subjective sensation can be recorded in parallel. A reliable response often avoids eAEP under general anesthesia. eAEP under general anesthesia should be performed as rarely as possible preoperatively to avoid unnecessary intraoperative eAEP, performed usually directly before cochlear implantation. Extra-cochlear stimulation avoids mechanical trauma and possible intra-cochlear infections. However, intra-cochlear stimulation is usually recommended due to larger response amplitudes; in fact, the ANTS electrode provides more stable monitoring. Conclusion: eAEP can be diagnostically useful preoperatively and intraoperatively with the concept presented here. Since not all clinics are familiar with these methods, a learning curve may be necessary.
Biomarker identification and gene-drug interaction prediction for breast cancer using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Raja Abhavya , Pragya Pragya , Sabitha R. , Kumar Brijesh , Agastinose Ronickom Jac Fredo
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant worldwide health challenge, necessitating the identification of its molecular origins and the development of possible treatment approaches. In this investigation, we introduce a pioneering methodology integrating genomic data and machine learning algorithms to identify genes associated with BC and their corresponding drugs. Initially, RNA-sequencing data of normal and malignant BC tissues publicly available in the NCBI GEO database were pre-processed using a standard pipeline. Further, machine learning algorithms, such as logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest, were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results were validated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F-score. Moreover, we identified the drugs corresponding to DEGs using the DepMap database. Our results revealed that genes such as OC90, KLK9, CXCL10, CDRT1, LCN6, GOLGA7B, and ZNF223 were commonly identified by all three machine learning algorithms. We found that the drugs DIHYDROROTENONE, 4-IODO-6-PHENYLPYRIMIDINE, BMS-754807, ARRY- 886, ESTRAMUSTINE-PHOSPHATE, FR-122047, and PIK 93 produced high correlation values on gene-drug interaction. The present study emphasizes the significance of utilizing genetic data and powerful machine learning algorithms to decipher the intricacies of BC biology and expedite the creation of tailored therapeutic approaches.
Using Large Language Models for Extracting Structured Information From Scientific Texts
Authors: Rettenberger Luca , Münker Marc F. , Schutera Mark , Niemeyer Christof M. , Rabe Kersten S. , Reischl Markus
Published: December 2024

Extracting structured information from scientific works is challenging as sought parameters or properties are often scattered across lengthy texts. We introduce a novel iterative approach using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate this process. Our method first condenses scientific literature, preserving essential information in a dense format, then retrieves predefined attributes. As a biomedical application example, our concept is employed to extract experimental parameters for preparing Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) from scientific work to enable complex and information-rich applications in the biotechnology-oriented life sciences. Our open-source method automates extracting information from verbose texts, converting them into structured and easily navigable data. This considerably improves scientific literature research by utilizing the power of LLMs and paves the way for enhanced and faster information extraction from extensive scientific texts.
Evaluation of Hysteresis Models for Estimating the Characteristics of High Pressure Solenoid Valves for Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Röhren Felix , Groß-Weege Ines , Leonhardt Steffen , Walter Marian
Published: December 2024

The flow control of inspiratory valves for mechanical ventilation is a crucial element of the overall functionality as it mainly governs precision and safety. However, control tuning can be challenging as the widely used magnetic actuation principle comes with a hysteresis shaped characteristic. As a result, the production of ventilators is highly dependent on specific valves and therefore vulnerable if supply chains are interrupted as during the pandemic. An approach which is capable of providing a reliable control for a variety of standard solenoid valves would be beneficial. Therefore, this work examines different models of hysteresis and their precision when being applied to actual measurement data of high pressure solenoid valves as a foundation for a following model-based control approach which can be either feedback or feedforward. Regarding the precision, the Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) model outperformed alternative approaches (MAEbelow2.5 L/ min) for the chosen parameters which is why the model is described for fitting both the forward and inverse case.
Comprehensive Generative Approach to Design Insoles
Authors: Schneider Julia , Essafi Sanae , Valerga Puerta Ana Pilar , Völz Diana
Published: December 2024

Orthopaedic insoles are necessary for correcting foot deformities and providing customized support. This paper investigates the optimization of insole design through computational methods, with a focus on generative design (GD) techniques. By integrating advanced design methods with biomechanical analysis, this study aims to develop customized insoles that effectively treat foot disorders. To adequately account for all relevant forces acting on the foot during gait, a biomechanical load model is created. In addition to vertical forces, the model includes horizontal forces (anterior-posterior and medial-lateral) that occur parallel to the walking surface. GD can optimize the insole design to distribute pressure and support areas of the foot appropriately by creating functionally graded lattice structures. The study examines the potential of GD in creating insoles and the impact of the load model on the design outcome. The design process includes dynamic pedography and gait analysis to ensure that the insoles are tailored to the patient’s individual needs. Future research challenges include incorporating horizontal forces and minimizing mass while maintaining support. The study highlights the potential of computational methods, such as GD and artificial intelligence, in optimizing the design of orthopaedic insoles to ultimately improve patient comfort and mobility.
Electrode contact estimation based on preoperative versus postoperative imaging as a basis for anatomy-based fitting
Authors: Schreier Andrea , Draut Sarah , Stihl Clemens , Molenda Carmen , Neuling Maike , Müller Philipp , Müller Franziska , Stöcklein Sophia , Simon Florian , Schrötzlmair Florian , Hempel John Martin , Müller Joachim , Polterauer Daniel
Published: December 2024

Anatomy-based fitting (ABF) has the potential to lead to better outcomes than conventional clinically-based fitting (CBF). It has already been shown that anatomy-based fitting based on postoperative imaging (postopABF) can improve speech understanding. Moreover, it was demonstrated that patients preferred anatomy-based fitting maps based on preoperative imaging (preop ABF) over CBF. The goal of this study was to examine if a difference between preopABF and postopABF could be observed. Via the software OTOPLAN4 (CAScination, MED-EL) the electrode position was calculated based on preoperatively, as part of the clinical routine, obtained imaging (CT or MRI). If necessary, after the cochlear implantation surgery the selected electrode array was adapted if a different array was chosen intraoperatively. This data was exported into the fitting software MAESTRO to enable a preopABF. The same process was done based on postoperative imaging (CT) so that 1) the frequency bands were compared between preopABF and postopABF data and 2) the difference was displayed in semitones. 27 Patients could be included who got a postoperative CT scan. In addition, subjective tinnitus and dizziness or imbalance issues did not significantly change from the pre-operative appointment over the first fitting to the control fitting one month later. In this study, we could show that there is no significant difference between apical to medial and a significant difference for medial to basal electrode contacts between the preopABF and postopABF regarding the frequency bands. Thus, preopABF is an easy, clinically practicable way to implement ABF, which is promising to lead to better outcomes without extra costs and the radiation burden that comes with postopABF. If patients subjectively prefer either preopABF or postopABF is still to be examined.
Comparison of LGE-MRI and Local Impedance Data Recorded in Human Left Atria
Authors: Stolte Franziska Sophia , Martínez Antón Carmen , Invers Rubio Eric , Guasch Eduard , Mont Lluís , Dössel Olaf , Loewe Axel
Published: December 2024

Efficient personalized ablation strategies for treating atrial arrhythmias remain challenging. Discrepancies in identifying arrhythmogenic areas using characterization methods, such as late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) and electroanatomical mapping, require a comparative analysis of local impedance (LI) and LGE-MRI data. This study aims to analyze correlations as basis for improvement of treatment strategies. 16 patients undergoing left atrium (LA) ablation with LGE-MRI acquisition and LI data recording were recruited. LGE-MRI data and LI measurements were normalized to patient- and modality-specific blood pool references. A global mean shape was generated based on all patient geometries, and normalized local impedance (LIN) and LGE-MRI image intensity ratio (IIR) data points were coregistered for comparison. Data analysis comprised intra-patient and inter-patient assessments, evaluating differences in LIN values among datasets categorized by their IIR. Due to substantial deviations in LIN values, even within the same patient and IIR-category, discerning the presence or absence of a correlation was challenging, and no statistically significant correlation could be identified. Our findings underscore the necessity for standardized protocols in data acquisition, processing, and comparison, to minimize unquantified confounding effects. While immediate substitution of LI for LGE-MRI seems improbable given the significant LIN variations, this preliminary study lays the groundwork for systematic data acquisition. By ensuring data quality, a meaningful comparison between LI and LGE-MRI data can be facilitated, potentially shaping future strategies for atrial arrhythmia treatment.
Reliable and Content-specific Support for Keyword Selection through AI and Statistics
Authors: Strube Tom , Nowak Tom , Pokotylo Mariia , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: December 2024

Due to the recent popularity and availability of Large Language Models (LLMs), creators of educational materials can more efficiently extract keywords for use in personalised learning recommendations than ever before. However, due to the LLMs’ probabalistic nature, the automation of the otherwise labour-intense keyword extraction inherits the risk of biased and non-explainable results. In this research, we present an original framework to enhance keyword selection based on content title and description through a novel, reliability-sensitive, keyword selection algorithm. For this, we collected 38 potential keywords (together with their definitions) for five topics on dementia care from previous studies, together with two contents per topic. To assess the new method’s support in extracting keywords, we then prompted 5 human experts and 3 LLMs (using Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) for the keyword definitions) to select keywords to include and exclude for each content. Using Krippendorf’s a metric, we then were able to adapt to the present agreement, and to reliably select keyword sets for inclusion and exclusion for each content individually. Last, we compared these LLM-based keyword sets with those selected by humans to assess the impact of the adaptive keyword selection algorithm. Overall, the results suggest that LLMs generally struggle with the task (66% of extraction attempts either contained hallucinated or did not return any keywords), and topic-wise internal agreement is low ( a=0.59 (0.42) for model 3 (using RAG) on average; a=0.68 for human raters). Due to this, the reliable keyword selection resulted in a median set of 6|27 keywords for inclusion|exclusion per topic, with many of those keywords being within the benchmark keyword sets selected by human raters. To conclude, this approach shows effective in adapting to different levels of agreement in extracting keywords.
Test exercise for a long-term monitoring of unilateral leg amputees in gonarthrosis therapy
Authors: Joerg Subke , Benedict Schneider , Abel Hobil , Joachim Schwalbe Hans
Published: December 2024

Unilateral leg amputees suffer from an increased risk of gonarthrosis. The risk of substantial joint damage ca be decreased by an early diagnosis, therapy and long-term monitoring to regularly assess the knee joint’s condition. To adapt the acoustic-kinetic analysis to unilateral amputees, a hand rig with Hottinger Quantum X440B and 2SMR sensors was added to the measurement setup. It helps the probands to keep their balance and to achieve a fluent motion during their test exercise of 3 knee bends in 10 seconds. The measurement setup comprises a ZebrisR system to measure the vertical ground force, two Zebris SyncR Cams to assess the sagittal knee angle, the frontal horizontal knee shift and - in case of the amputees- the data of the hand forces via the Hottinger sensors. It is crucial to establish if the test exercise is adequate for the amputees and if the probands can perform the exercise regularly and over a long period of time with less than 10% - 20% variation. To this end a case study out of a pilot study of 18 case conditions and 108 measurements is presented to clarify the approach. The proband is female, 43 years old, with a unilateral amputation at the thigh. She does not suffer from arthrosis. She performed the test routine six times over a period of five weeks. The kinetic analysis resulted in a characteristic pattern, comparable to non-amputated patients. The results showed a good recurrence and therefore indicate that the test exercise of 3 knee bends in 10 seconds with hand support will be the exercise prospective studies.
Numerical investigation of the effects of pre-dilatation on paravalvular leakage during transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Supp Laura , Oldenburg Jan , Spanjaards Michelle , Stiehm Michael , Öner Alper , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Borowski Finja
Published: December 2024

Due to promising results, the patient cohort for transcather aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been extended in recent years to include patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). There are different types of BAV. One variant is the tricommisural bicuspid aortic valve (TBAV). BAV have an increased risk of post-TAVR complications such as paravalvular leakage. In the case of paravalvular leakage, blood flows past the prosthesis back into the ventricle during diastole. Clinically, patients with BAV are often pre-dilated. For this reason, we want to investigate how pre-dilatation of BAV can affect the leakage rate. A simplified model is used for pre-dilatation, where the calcification nodule is cut along the free edge of the leaflets before the deployment. In order to evaluate the effects of this method, a deployment simulation was carried out for both geometries using an explicit calculation. A flow simulation was then performed to determine the paravalvular leakage. The pre-dilatation allows the leaflets to move independently of each other. Without pre-dilatation, the TAVR cannot fully expanded. The leakage rate is higher for the BAV than for the pre-dilated geometry (53.1mLs−1 vs. 19.4mLs−1). In this model, we have shown the effect of pre-dilatation on implantation results.
Iterative Design of a Decision Support System for Fall Risk Detection in residential care facilities
Authors: Tschorn Niklas , Keuchel Maren , Müller Inga , Milkov Sarah , Potthoff Christian , Windrath Dioselina , Weber Yvonne , Meister Sven , Burmann Anja
Published: December 2024

Nursing care jobs are predominantly described as burdensome. In particular, the workload and the time available to deal with it are in a state of imbalance. Nurses are very often under time pressure and have to make decisions under psychological, emotional and physical stresses. Machine learning methods and in particular, Decision Support Systems (DSS) can be used to support nurses with improved information (e.g. visualization of individual health risks) for decisions that are not easy to make. As falls are one of the most common health problems in care facilities, we will present a concept of a DSS for the prevention of falls that was developed in the PFLIP research project. We explain our user-centered design process based on ISO 9241-210-2019. User feedback is obtained at each phase so that nurses can identify problems at an early stage. The result is a conceptual design, visualized as a click dummy, to identify individual fall risks and predict preventive measures to reduce the risk of falling.
Design and Characterisation of an EIT Current Supply Module
Authors: Wilkie Jack , Battistel Alberto , Rongqin Chen , Moller Knut
Published: December 2024

Electrical Impedance Tomography is used to image the cross-sectional conductivity of an object. It is clinically used for high-frame-rate imaging of lung ventilation. Most current systems use very limited current injection wave-forms and patterns. We have developed a flexible system for researching alternatives. This paper covers our current supply module's design and characterisation. We tested the input filtering, Bandwidth, and parasitic capacitance. The imput fitering functioned similarly to the simulation of the design. However, the bandwich was limited to approximately 1 MHz instead of the desired 10 MHz due to excessive parasitic capacitance. We proposed points to redesign that should reduce the capacitance by a factor of 10 and correspondingly increase dandwidth tenfold to 10 MHz.
Towards a voice-based severity scale for Parkinson’s disease monitoring
Authors: Wright Helen , Postema Michiel , Aharonson Vered
Published: December 2024

The unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, used to monitor the disease progression, is based on visual assessments of motor symptoms. Vocal manifestations of Parkinson’s disease differ from the motor ones, specifically in their rate of change with disease severity. As such, a different scale is needed to provide the voice measures of the disease severity. This study employed a dataset of voice-quality features from repeated recordings of Parkinson’s disease patients. The changes of all voice features across the categories were evaluated using one-way analysis-of-variance and support vector regression. Significant changes and marked non-linearly increasing or decreasing trends were shown for all features, for the three-categories scale. Significant changes and trends were obtained in the 12-categories scale, but only for the mild category and the severe category range of scores. The findings imply a potential for voice-based monitoring for the early and late severity stages of Parkinson’s disease that could be continuously used by patients and provide timely warnings of deterioration.
Comparative Analysis of Color Models for improved rPPG Signals in Remote Blood Pressure Measurement
Authors: Wuerich Carolin , Heinrich Kira , Wiede Christian , Seidl Karsten
Published: December 2024

The quality of remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) signals presents a significant challenge in contactless optical blood pressure measurement. Feature and morphologybased approaches heavily rely on subtle changes in signal characteristics, but rPPG signals are highly susceptible to noise and interference. This study aims to evaluate rPPG signal quality by assessing correlation with a reference PPG and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) across various color models and rPPG methods. Analyses are performed under different measurement conditions, accounting for common sources of signal artifacts.
A comprehensive analysis of household air pollution due to traditional cooking in the himalayan belt
Authors: Banerjee Nilanjana , Sharma Ashutosh , Kumar Rahul , Dubey Akhil , Harsh Geetanjali , Thakur Amit K. , Kumar Rahul , Chaudhari Pranava
Published: December 2024

Household air pollution (HAP) and its health concerns are a significant challenge in the Indian subcontinent and other developing nations. Approximately 4.3 million deaths worldwide are attributed to indoor air pollution rather than outdoor air pollution, most of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional cookstoves, widely used in rural Himalayan areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan, emit pollutants like particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These stoves, which burn solid fuels such as wood, dung, charcoal, and agricultural waste, contribute to respiratory infections, cancer, premature mortality, and cardiovascular diseases. Improving biomass cookstoves can help reduce exposure to the harmful indoor air pollutants. This study evaluates household pollution levels in Uttarakhand, India, using direct data collection to determine the daily contaminant exposure. The findings show extremely high PM 2.5 and 10 emissions (2,100 μg/m³ and 5,000 μg/m³, respectively) due to inefficient cookstove design and incomplete fuel combustion. By comparing traditional and improved cookstoves using standardized testing protocols, the study also measures the efficiency and identifies the causes of high emissions. The results corroborated the hypothesis that traditional cookstoves have a very low thermal efficiency of ∼11 %, leading to the high emissions gathered from sensor data. This comparison provides specific insights into the reasons behind high emissions and suggests targeted improvements. The findings suggest potential improvements in cookstove efficiency, offering a foundation for further research and stakeholder involvement to enhance rural livelihoods in India.
FA-GGBFS based geopolymer concrete incorporating CMRW and SS as fine and coarse aggregates
Authors: Deep Aman , Zade Nikhil P. , Sarkar Pradip
Published: December 2024

Geopolymer concrete, which utilizes aluminosilicate precursor materials such as metakaolin, volcanic ash, industrial solid waste including fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag as a binder, is an eco-friendly alternative to Portland cement concrete. Although geopolymer concrete does not use cement, it still has shortcomings in terms of environmental friendliness because the aggregates (fine and coarse) used to prepare geopolymer concrete are natural resources and their excessive use in concrete manufacturing leads to natural resource depletion. In view of this, several researchers have tried to replace natural aggregates with various waste materials, which not only conserves natural resources but also helps in waste management. In the present study, the potential of steel slag and coal mine rock waste as a substitute for coarse and fine aggregates in geopolymer concrete to make it truly green is experimentally evaluated. The use of steel slag and coal mine rock waste as coarse and fine aggregates in geopolymer concrete was observed to significantly improve its strength and durability properties compared to fly ash based geopolymer concrete.
Articulatory phonetics in the market: combining public engagement with ultrasound data collection
Authors: Nance Claire , Dewhurst Maya , Fairclough Lois , Forster Pamela , Kirkham Sam , Lo Justin J. H. , McMonagle Jessica , Nagamine Takayuki , Parkman Seren , Rabani Haleema , Siem Andrea , Turton Danielle , Wang Di
Published: December 2024

This paper is a methodological contribution outlining an approach we have developed to recording ultrasound tongue imaging and audio research data as part of public engagement work. The paper is based on our experience of recording in East Lancashire, UK, at two such events as well as building on the work of other colleagues who have conducted similar projects. We have successfully managed to collect relevant articulatory research data while providing an interesting and enjoyable event for the public. In a context of stretched research budgets and researcher time constraints, this combination allows a time-effective combination of tasks, whilst democratizing academic work and engaging local communities. Our paper has two aims: (i) to describe the logistical and ethical considerations for organizing an event combining articulatory research and public engagement, and (ii) to provide methodological reflection on data collection and eventual data quality obtained including assessment of background noise. We hope to provide inspiration and suggestions for colleagues wishing to pursue research in this area and also acknowledge where some of our methods would benefit from more effective solutions. Sample documents for ethics, publicity, risk assessments, staff planning, timelines, and budgeting are included in our supplementary material toolkit available at https://osf.io/ky3cz/.
Enhanced crashworthiness performance of auxetic structures using artificial neural network and geyser inspired algorithm
Authors: Yıldız Betül Sultan , Yıldız Ali Rıza , Yakupoğlu Cihan
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on the optimum design of an auxetic energy absorber intended for automobile applications. The material chosen for this energy absorber is SCGA27D galvanized steel. This research proposes the utilization of an artificial neural network-assisted metaheuristic for optimizing automobile structural components. The geyser inspired algorithm (GEA), ship rescue algorithm, and mountain gazelle algorithm are employed to optimize an automobile energy absorber. The objective of the problem is to obtain optimal geometry for an energy absorber while simultaneously reducing mass and meeting energy absorption constraints. The findings demonstrate that both the GEA algorithm and SCGA27D galvanized steel material exhibit exceptional capabilities in designing vehicle structures.
Rollenverständnisse von Vermittlungsfachkräften in Jobcentern und ihre Bedeutung für das Sanktionshandeln
Authors: Senghaas Monika , Röhrer Stefan , Köppen Magdalena , Bernhard Stefan
Published: December 2024

In der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende sind Vermittlungsfachkräfte eine Schnittstelle zwischen Staat und Bürger*innen. Das Handeln von Vermittlungsfachkräften hat einen maßgeblichen Einfluss darauf, wie Bürger*innen Sozial- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik erleben. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir, wie sich das berufliche Rollenverständnis von Vermittlungsfachkräften auf ihren Umgang mit Sanktionen auswirkt. Wir identifizieren administrative, optimierende und sozialarbeiterische Rollenverständnisse und zeigen, dass diese mit unterschiedlichen Wahrnehmungen und Kategorisierungen der Leistungsberechtigten verbunden sind und darüber das Sanktionshandeln beeinflussen. Die empirische Grundlage der Studie bilden Interviews mit Vermittlungsfachkräften in Jobcentern und teilnehmende Beobachtungen von Beratungsgesprächen zwischen Leistungsberechtigten und Vermittlungsfachkräften.
Psicopedagogia: uma análise sobre a singularidade linguística e cultural dos surdos
Authors: Ávila Pereira Karina
Published: December 2024

O Presente artigo tem por objetivo a análise de um estudo de caso de um aluno surdo, através de sessões psicopedagógicas tendo como referência os Estudos Surdos, campo teórico que pensa a educação de surdos a partir de contribuições dos Estudos Culturais em Educação. O trabalho psicopedagógico foi desenvolvido durante um estágio obrigatório da disciplina de Psicopedagogia Clínica e teve como objetivo a prática psicopedagógica, utilizando-se de ferramentas e testes avaliativos, procurando identificar e amenizar as dificuldades de aprendizagem de um aluno específico. Hora do jogo, par educativo e desenho da família foram alguns dos testes aplicados, e muitos destes demonstraram uma lacuna imensa no conhecimento deste aluno. O grande objeto desta investigação é tentar analisar o meio linguístico em que este aluno se desenvolveu, o qual pode ou não ter influenciado no atraso cognitivo do mesmo, procurando problematizar algumas relações que se estabelecem entre surdez-dificuldades de aprendizagem.
Professor de Escola em Pesquisa no Contexto da Educação Básica
Authors: Matos Uhmann Rosangela Ines , De Moraes Maristela Maria , Aloisio Maldaner Otavio
Published: December 2024

Pesquisas educacionais apontam para a necessidade de formar o professor pesquisador na formação inicial e continuada para a melhora da educação pelo ensino escolar e universitário. A efetivação dessa metáfora esbarra nas condições do trabalho docente. Alguns trabalhos foram divulgados, entre os quais os de Menga Lüdke, que se dedica ao tema há mais de duas décadas aqui no Brasil. Quais indicadores Menga Lüdke encontrou sobre o professor pesquisador da Educação Básica, tendo em vista as compreensões, possibilidades e os limites de sua efetivação? Respondeu-se a essa pergunta através de revisão bibliográfica em artigos de revistas científicas, eventos da área da Educação, ENDIPE e ANPED, em que aparece o nome da pesquisadora e os descritores: “professor, pesquisador e escola”. Indo além do que se encontrou nos escritos da autora, novas possibilidades foram aventadas neste artigo, argumentando pela necessidade de professores de escolas e de universidades investigarem sobre o ensino como fator de crescimento profissional e melhora da Educação.
Imagens de trabalho em sala de aula com professores iniciantes
Authors: Munthe Elaine , Østrem Sissel
Published: December 2024

Neste artigo abordaremos dois tipos de imagens. Primeiro, faremos algumas análises sobre interações em sala de aula e sobre o ensino, com base em registros de vídeos filmados em sala de aula. Depois, apresentaremos também as imagens que os professores utilizam a respeito de sua própria prática de ensino, relacionando as mesmas com as imagens em vídeo. Este trabalho, portanto, insere-se no campo da pesquisa baseada em imagens (BANKS, 1995; LOMAX e CASEY, 1998; PROSSER, 1998).
Paisagens sagradas e lugares de memória: Interações mágico-religiosas com os Loas no Vodou Haitiano a partir das reflexões construídas na região de Anse-à-Pitres, às margens do Mar do Caribe.
Authors: Lacerda de Lima Filho Sebastiao , Stéphane Laurent Emmanuel , Odorico de Moraes Filho Manoel , Macedo Danielle S. , Frota Marcos Tadeu Ellery , Farias Allysson Allan de
Published: December 2024

A presente pesquisa é fruto das reflexões construídas durante parte das atividades de campo do “Projeto Vodou: estudos de Antropologia Cognitiva, Etnobotânica e Medicina Tradicional na Isla Hispaniola, mar do Caribe”. Durante atividades de documentação de espaços sagrados na região de Anse-à-Pitres e Thiotte se pôde vivenciar e documentar alguns marcos na paisagem e no ambiente, assim como espaços naturais que foram intencionalmente modificados ou reaproveitados no que se refere ao simbolismo vodou. Tais espaços servem de peregrinação para membros da religião vodou e é onde eles entram em comunhão com os loas. O trabalho é em si a síntese de uma leitura etnográfica maior da relação entre comunidade, nichos ecológicos como espaços mágico-religiosos e os desafios de fazer ciência, refletir e construir conhecimento em um país arrasado e impactado por uma série de fatores naturais, históricos e sociais.
Palavras-chave:  Paisagens e Memórias. Vodou Haitiano. Leitura etnográfica. Anse-à-Pitres, sudeste do Haiti, Isla Hispaniola.
Visões de barro, taipa e telha: Uma casa e várias vidas na comunidade de Tanque Velho, em São Braz do Piauí – PI
Authors: Rodrigues da Silva Maria Jéssica , Miranda Amaral Alencar , Canaan Mageste Leandro Elias , Silva Luís Antônio , de Souza Isaías Joaquim , Da Conceição Souza Emídio
Published: December 2024

O presente ensaio fotográfico foi produzido na primavera de 2024, entre os meses de setembro e outubro, no escopo dos trabalhos colaborativos conduzidos pelo Laboratório de Preservação Patrimonial da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (LAPA – UNIVASF) no município de São Braz do Piauí. De modo geral, buscamos apresentar diferentes visões relacionadas com uma antiga casa do sertão piauiense, mais especificamente situada na comunidade de Tanque Velho.  As imagens focalizam a Casa do Senhor Eusébio Joaquim de Souza, edificação construída no início do século XX, sendo participante dos processos históricos que configuraram a região na passagem do século XIX para o século XX, em termos de técnicas, materiais e modos de vidas. Em nossos olhares, testemunhamos que, no presente, a casa reconfigura-se sob o regime da mutitemporalidade, constituindo ao mesmo tempo, paisagem de encontro entre coisas, seres e memórias; bem como registro arqueológico em formação.
Škola – služba systému, státu či bezpečí žáka. Vývoj školní edukace v bezpečnostní problematice
Authors: Kovaříková Miroslava
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the issue of the development of school education within the scope of security problems, education in the school subject “civil defence education”. This discussion is set in the context of the development of teacher training in the given area. The text reconstructs selected “reactions” of educational policy and teachers’ training processes regarding the contemporary perception of “safety in school”. The last part of the text is dedicated to connecting historical contexts and current issues of safety in schools and education that supports health and a safe environment in schools.
Irrumpir en el tiempo que éramos: Metáforas de la tecnología y las transformaciones temporales en las ruinas del mundo
Authors: Chamorro Muñoz Alicia Natali
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo tratará de proporcionar algunas consideraciones acerca de la crisis de nuestro presente a través del diálogo entre los pensamientos de Hans Blumenberg y René Girard. Una comprensión que conduce a una perspectiva genética, es decir, a preguntarse por las necesidades que producen este cambio y los elementos que se ponen en juego en la historia. Sin embargo, el diálogo entre ellos evidencia diferencias en torno a sus respectivas comprensiones antropológicas. Divergencias que abren posibilidades distintas ante la crisis actual, pero que coinciden en mostrarla como una crisis causada por una mitificación del deseo y una disolución de los diques que contienen su liberación.