bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bonding of Aluminum Alloy by Hot-Dipping Tin Coating
Authors: Diao Hui , Wang Chun Qing , Wang Lei
Published: March 2009

This paper presents bonding technology of aluminum alloy by hot-dipping tin. The
dissolution curve of copper in molten tin liquid was obtained in the experiment of hot-dipping Sn.
Optimal hot-dipping parameter which was suitable for soldering was designed. To elucidate
characteristics of interfacial evolution, the microstructure of the coatings, soldered joint were
analyzed using optical microscopy, SEM and EDX. The shear strength of soldered joints was tested
as high as 39.9Mpa, which is high enough to achieve the requirement of electronic industry.
Numerical Study on Flow-Adaptive Stents
Authors: Takakura Yoko , Wahap Gulbahar , Arai Norio , Konishi Yoshifumi , Fukasaku Kazuaki
Published: March 2009

Recently for the treatment of aneurysms, endovascular therapy with microcoils and stents
has started. This study explores the design of better stents by means of numerical computations from
the viewpoint of the fluid mechanics. Two-dimensional flows are numerically solved for a stented
duct with a model of an aneurysmal sac by changing the distribution of stent filaments under the
constraint of a constant porosity for the neck. Stents are assessed by whether the wall shear stress
(WSS) on the aneurismal wall and the shear rate (SR) within the aneurysm are made lower.
Barometers for the allocation of filaments are sought, and resultant optimized stents are those where
filament(s) should be attached to both the distal and proximal wall of the neck, with more filaments to
the distal wall, to make the WSS low, and filaments should be appropriately distributed in the off-wall
portion of the neck to make the SR low.
Damage and Fracture Behavior of Cancellous Bone in the Femoral Head
Authors: Yao Xue Feng , Wang P. , Yeh H.Y.
Published: March 2009

The fracture is an important failure behavior of cancellous bone. Three-point-bending
experiment was used to study fracture behavior of cancellous bone. Three group specimens were
taken from two human femoral head and there was a non-angled crack and an angled crack in every
group respectively. By using Digital Speckle Correlation Method (DSCM), the displacement and
strain field were obtained at the crack-tip and the full specimen. The initial crack path was always at
the maximal strain location and could be predicted by the DSCM. In the macro-scope, the crack
propagation paths towards the load tip, and are independent of the initial crack angle.
Numerical Modeling for Sand Desert Morphology and Forming Process in Fixed, Semi-Fixed and Free Desert Field
Authors: Abdikerem Xamxinur , Xu Zhong Hua , Gheni Mamtimin
Published: March 2009

In this study, to conduct numerical simulation of desert physiognomy forming process in
fixed, semi-fixed and free sand desert field by considering the sand flow process by wind, the
numerical model based on the hydrodynamics and sand grains kinemics are proposed. For analyze the
actual characteristic of sand movement phenomenon, the stream flow field and desert flow field are
introduced and mathematical model for numerical analysis are established by considering the sand
shape, size and mass in order to describe the fixed, semi-fixed and fully free sand desert
physiographical process. Then according to the real fixed, semi-fixed and free sand flow field by
coupling with stream flow field, several models are made and numerical simulations are conducted.
Numerical Simulation of Sand Dune Formation with Periodical Uniform Stream Field
Authors: Abdikerem Xamxinur , Eziz Akbar , Abudoureheman Abudoukelimu , Gheni Mamtimin
Published: March 2009

In this study, to conduct numerical simulation of sand dune forming processes, the
mathematical model for sand dune dynamics are studied. Due to sand dune dynamics and the stream
field, which includes wind flow over a dune field, analyses process is complex the uniform sand field
and stream fields are consider for the numerical simulation process. Then the dune forming process
simulated by considering the dunes induced factor and interactions phenomenon.
Flowfield around a Body with Elastic Walls
Authors: Arai Norio , Fujimura Kota , Takakura Yoko
Published: March 2009

When a bluff body is located in a uniform flow, the flow is separated and vortices are
formed. Consequently, the vortices cause “flow-induced vibrations”. Especially, if the Strouhal
number and the frequency of the body oscillation coincide with the natural frequency, the lock-in
regime will occur and we could find the large damages on it. Therefore, it is profitable, in engineering
problems, to clarify this phenomenon and to suppress the vibration, in which the effect of elastic walls
on the suppression is focused. Then, the aims of this article are to clarify the oscillatory characteristics
of the elastic body and the flowfield around the body by numerical simulations, in which a square
pillar with elastic walls is set in a uniform flow. Two dimensional incompressible flows are solved by
the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equation and the Poisson equation which are derived by taking
divergence of Navier-Stokes equation. Results show that a small deformation of elastic walls has a
large influence on the body motion. In particular, the effect is very distinct at the back.
Study on Uncertainty and Criterion in Model Optimization of Coupled THM Simulation
Authors: Zhang Cheng Yuan , Liu Xiao Yan , Liu Quan Sheng
Published: March 2009

Coupled THM simulator on FEBEX case is a highly nonlinear system including several
nonlinear sub-models. To better understand the coupled THM processes and their influence on the
prediction of disposal system behavior, this paper presents an uncertainty study and model
optimization on coupled THM simulation under DECOVALEX-THMC framework. It focus on the
effect of complexity on model uncertainty which is based on the hypothesis stating that as a model
becomes more complex in terms of increased number of processes involved and parameters, the error
between simulations and measurements decreases and the overall model sensitivity increases. An
uncertainty function is defined which minimizes both error and sensitivity. The result of comparative
study basing on different complexity level models of FEBEX case study verifies this hypothesis and
indicates that method presented can address uncertainty of numerical model and give us a criterion to
choose most suitable model in a relative manner.
Investigation of Simplified Integrated Model for Soil-Pile Dynamic Interaction System
Authors: Zhang Q.W. , Niu Di Tao , Zhang T. , Zhang B.Y.
Published: March 2009

A simplified integrating model is developed for soil-pile dynamic interaction system under
seismic loading. Different from previous work, this simplified model constructs the whole system
stiffness matrix by combining the stiffness matrix of pile and near region soil system according to the
volumetric ratio of pile group and soil system. This simplified model can avoid deviation brought by
previous soil-pile surface model and can felicitously simulate the co-working mechanism between
soil and piles. The feasibility of the proposed approach is assessed by comparing with in-site
observation result of real project.
Three-Dimensional Elastoplastic Deformation Analysis Coupled With Oil Flow for Perforation Tunnels of an Oilwell
Authors: Shen Xin Pu , Shen Guo Xiao , Liu Ji Hang
Published: March 2009

Instability of completed sand reservoirs reduces oil production rate and degrades
production equipments. A major cause of such instability is plastic deformation of perforation
tunnel, resulting in sand production. Influence of direction of maximum principal stress on
perforation tunnel has not been investigated either experimentally or theoretically. Elastoplastic
consolidation analysis is the foundation of sand production prediction of an oilwell. Three
dimensional elastoplastic consolidation analyses were made numerically for the deformation of
perforation tunnel of an oilwell coupled with oil flow within sand reservoir with ABAQUS-6.5
finite element software. The drilling processes of borehole and perforation tunnel were simulated in
combination of rock deformation process which was regarded as a coupled multiphase problem.
Mohr-Coulomb yielding criterion was adopted in the calculation. The designs with 4-perforation
density and with 8-perforation density were numerically analyzed and compared. Influence of the
direction of principal horizontal effective geostress on the instability of perforation tunnel and that
of perforation density were investigated. Numerical results indicate that 1) there is rather large
plastic zone occurs when the axis of perforation tunnel is alone the direction of the maximum
principal horizontal direction. If the axis of perforation tunnel is alone the direction of the minimum
principal horizontal direction, there will be no plastic zone under the same loading conditions. 2)
When the density of perforation tunnel is reduced from 8-shots per foot to 4 shots per foot, the
plastic zone around the perforation tunnels will be much smaller.
Analysis and Experiment of Deformation and Limit Load of Thin-Walled Shell Cavities
Authors: Yeh Meng Kao , Chen Bo Yi , Lin Ming Chyuan
Published: March 2009

The synchrotron radiation is an important light source used to improve the measurement
resolution and efficiency of scientific equipments. The electrons in radio frequency system are
accelerated by the synchrotron radiation superconducting cavity. Tensile or compressive loads along
the axial direction may be applied on this thin-walled shell cavity for compensating the frequency
shift due to the variations of surrounding condition. In order to avoid the failure of the thin-walled
shell cavity before the frequency tuning process, the finite element method and experiment were used
to predict the deformation behavior and limit load of thin-walled shell cavity. The parameters such as
thickness, material properties and radius of round beam tube were discussed. The finite element
results show that the limit loads were overestimated when the material properties were assumed to be
linear elastic. When the cavity becomes thicker, the limit loads and the maximum compressive
displacements of thin-walled shell cavity increase. The analysis method used in this paper can help us
find the tunable ranges of synchrotron radiation superconducting cavities with different thicknesses,
material properties and geometries.
Vibrations of Sandwich Panels with Pyramidal Truss Cores
Authors: Liu Hua Rui , Xu Q.H. , Yang J.L.
Published: March 2009

This paper is disserted to the vibrations of the sandwich panels with pyramidal truss
cores. Firstly, based on the Hamilton principle the governing equations of a sandwich panel with
pyramidal truss cores are obtained and the eigenfrequencies of the sandwich panel is studied. Then
the dynamic response of the sandwich subjected to uniformly distributed sinusoidal loading is
studied. The influences of the sizes of the panel on the eigenfrequencies of the panel are discussed.
The maximum deflections of the panels of equal mass subjected to the same loading are compared.
Package Warpage and Stress Evaluation for a Plastic Electronic Package
Authors: Chang Chia Lung , Chiou Chia Huei
Published: March 2009

The assembly of plastic electronic package requires a sequence of process steps. Every
process step induces thermal residual deformation and stresses on the assembled components,
which cause mechanical effects on the subsequent process step. In this study, both processing and
non-processing models with and without considering the effect of chemical shrinkage on molding
compound are built to simulate the package warpage and stresses in assembly. The processing
model, a nonlinear model with element birth and death used to activate and deactivate the
processing materials, can more realistically simulate a series of assembly processes in a plastic
package. Due to negligence of the intermediate step, the package warpage and stresses predicted by
non-processing model are in significant error.
Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of Thermal Barrier Coatings Irradiated by High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam
Authors: Wang Yi Qi , Joo W.K. , Kim Chae Sil , Song Jung I.
Published: March 2009

High-temperature oxidation resistance of 7 wt.％Y2O3-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings
(TBCs) irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) has been investigated in a cyclic
oxidation condition at 1050 °C ×1 h. The ceramic coating of a tetragonal ZrO2 phase structure was
prepared on GH33 superalloy substrates with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat by using electron-beam
physical-vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The ceramic coating is composed of columnar grains forming
dense clusters spacing with several-μm gaps among grain clusters. The characteristics of the columnar
grains disappeared after HIPIB irradiation at the ion current densities of 100-200 A/cm2, and the
irradiated surface presented a smoothed, densified feature after the remelting and ablation due to the
HIPIB irradiation. The thickness of the densified layer is about 1 μm. After oxidation with 15 cycles at
1050 °C ×1 h, the oxidation kinetics curves of the as-deposited and irradiated TBCs showed a
parabolic shape. The weight gain of original sample is about 0.8-0.9 mg/cm2, while the values of the
HIPIB-irradiated TBCs decreased to some extent. The lowest weight gain is obtained for the
irradiated TBCs at 200 A/cm2 with one shot, being 0.3-0.4 mg/cm2, and those at 100 A/cm2 have a
medium weight gain of 0.6-0.7 mg/cm2. The cross-sectional morphologies of HIPIB-irradiated TBCs
show less oxidation of the NiCoCrAlY bonding layer, with a thinner thermally grown oxide (TGO)
layer. The morphology observation is consistent with the results of cyclic oxidation test. It is found
that the inward diffusion of oxygen through TBCs can be significantly impeded by the densified top
layer by the HIPIB irradiation, thus limiting the oxidation of the bonding layer, improving the overall
oxidation resistance of the irradiated TBCs.
Evaluation of Optimal Conditions for D-Tube Brazing
Authors: Joo W.K. , Wang Yi Qi , Yang H.T. , Lee W.C. , Sim C.Y. , Song Jung I.
Published: March 2009

The microstructures and mechanical properties of OFHC copper/STKM 11A for D-tube
joints brazed using BAg filler metal at 870 °C for 20 minutes in NH3 atmospheres were performed.
Interfacial microstructures were observed in reaction layer. A brazing strength causes of decline with
defects of pin hole and base metal by lack of penetration. In tensile test, the properties of joints clearance
of 0.01mm are better than other joints clearance that has yield strength of elasticity area with the brazing
length of 2.5mm, and also suitable for the case of brazing length of 5.0mm. According to the results of
FEA (finite element analysis) on the tensile test, the maximum stress and strain were generated apart from
the interface in large deformation. Diffused layer was formed by counter diffusion action of base metal and
filler metal layer, and crack between two base metals was not discovered. This is the main reason that
fracture of test piece does not appear in copper base metal, and brazing department forms good junctures.
Structure Optimization of a Locomotive Support Vehicle Based on FEM Analysis
Authors: Nijat Yu Sup , Tursun Mamatjan , Tohti Gulbahar , Matruzi Jurat , Gheni Mamtimin
Published: March 2009

Finite Element Method pre and post processing tool FAST and a self-programmed
software optim3.f are used for structural optimization analysis for main parts of a railway locomotive
support vehicle. For best structure optimization, a program code which has considered 3D structure
optimization was added to original program to automatically erase nodes whose effective stress was
smaller than a given value. Detailed analysis are undertaken to main causes of stress concentration,
and using optimized design methods, effective measure for reforming stress concentration and a new
structure were proposed.
Computer Aided Calculation of Welding Microstructure and Optimization of Welding Technological Parameters
Authors: Qi Wen Jun , Fang Jian Jiang , Zhu Yuan Yuan , Huang Yan Hua
Published: March 2009

Welding Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) graph reflects the relationship
between microstructure, hardness of steel heat-affected zone (HAZ), weld and welding cooling rate
continuous cooling from high temperature, and it is the basic to select welding material, determine the
optimum welding technology, relieve welding cracks and lay down standard of past heat treatment.
Welding technological parameters determine welding cooling rate, and the rate determines
microstructure, hardness of steel HAZ and weld, therefore we can calculate microstructure according
to known welding technological parameters and optimum parameters according to wanted properties
based on CCT graph. The system combines CAD and welding techniques, the welding CCT graphs
are made into drawing blocks at the platform of AutoCAD, the important data of welding CCT are
made into database, they are transferred and managed by Access. Based on Active Automation
techniques using Visual Basic, AutoCAD graph base are transferred and data of welding CCT can be
inquired and dynamically added to the base. The system has realized the prediction of welding
structure and properties and optimizing welding technology.
FEM Analysis and Optimization Design of a Plastic Film Cutting Machine Tool Rest Structure
Authors: Abdureyim Ilham , Hamdulla Arkin , Tursun Mamatjan , Ahmat Kalbinur , Gheni Mamtimin
Published: March 2009

The numerical controlled plastic film cutting machine in our design is used for flower
bags making. It is composed of four parts; cutting mechanism, delivering mechanism, tool rest and
machine bed. The tool rest is a critical structure to cutting and adhering operations. The tool rest is a
long -thin rod with big span, usually it’s failure is because of bending deformation caused by less
stiffness. In this study, we finished FEM 3D modeling of tool rest structure to increase its structure
stiffness. We analyzed bending deformation characteristics of the tool rest, performed 3D FEM
analysis and choose a relatively reliable structure after comparing maximum deformation in three
different candidate structures. As a result, support structure of the tools rest was optimized,
providing us a numerical data for structure reformation.
Stability Analysis of Local Thinned Shallow Spherical Roof of Oil Storage Tank
Authors: Yang Zhi Chun , Liu Jiang Hua , Li Bin , Wang Le , Dong Bao Sheng
Published: March 2009

The analytical evaluation and finite element methods are used to analyze the critical
stability of the shallow spherical roof of oil storage tank with an axial symmetrical corrosion region.
At first, the nonlinear finite element method is adopted to calculate the global critical load of the
storage tank roof, and the local corrosion region is equivalent to a circular corrosion pit with uniform
depth. The results show that the tank wall and inner pressure of the stored oil have slight effects on the
stability of the roof. To build the formula of local critical load of the tank roof, the circular corrosion
pit is separated from the whole roof and treated as a shallow spherical shell which is elastically
supported on the rest part of the roof. The equivalent support stiffness is obtained by the deformation
compatibility at the edge of the corrosion pit. The resulted nonlinear stability equation is solved with
a modified iteration method to determine the local critical load. The local critical load for an
in-service corroded oil tank roof is analyzed by the proposed approach and the results are compared
with those calculated by the conventional nonlinear finite element method with good agreement and
the geometrical parameter of the corrosion region corresponding to the minimal critical load is 9.5.
Prediction of the Fatigue Life Based on Stiffness Degradation Concept
Authors: Wang Y.H. , Wang Zheng Dao , Zhao X.X.
Published: March 2009

In order to predict the fatigue life of matrix-dominated polymer composites, a new model
based on stiffness degradation concept was proposed. The effect of off-axis was considered by
defining a non-dimensional modified stress level, and the expression of fatigue stress limit could be
provided in the new model. Based on the fatigue tension-tension experiment of PI/SiO2 hybrid thin
films under different stress levels, the simulated results was confirmed to be well agreeable with the
experimental data.
Fatigue Analysis of Locking Parts in the Gauge-Adjustable Wheelsets System Considering the Variation of the Fatigue Strength
Authors: Kim Chul Su , Jang Cheon Soo , Jang Seung Ho , Kim Jung Kyu
Published: March 2009

To reduce the cost and time of transport due to the different track gauges(narrow, standard,
broad) in the Eurasian railroad network such as TKR(Trans-Korea Railway), TCR(Trans-China
Railway) and TSR(Trans-Siberia Railway), it is very necessary to develop and adapt the
gauge-adjustable wheelsets system. The freight trains’ with gauge-adjustable system could operate on
the different track gauges in the transcontinental railway. Therefore, to assure the safety of the newly
developed gauge-adjustment wheelsets system, it is essential to evaluate integrity of locking parts in
the system by using fatigue analysis. In this study, it was performed that contact stress analysis of
locking parts by using FEM(Finite Element Method) in the case both the gauge changeover operation
and freight trains' service in the curved track, respectively. Besides, to consider the variation of fatigue
data, the crack initiation life was statistically evaluated.
Study on the Damage Tolerance of a Stiffened Panel with a Skin Pad
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Sheng Nan
Published: March 2009

During the development of an aircraft structure design, designers draw out a skin-stringer
panel with a skin pad on the basis of a conventional skin-stringer panel(skin is directly connected with
stringer by rivets or there was a sheet betweeen skin and stringers) to reduce the manufacturing cost.
In this paper, we calculated the SIF of three kinds of skin-stringer panels by FE. And then, we analyze
the damage tolerance of these structures by fortran program. Especially we carried out a crack
propagation experiment of a skin-stringer panel with a skin pad and compared it with the results of a
static analysis. Finally we researched the influence of the thickness of a skin pad on the damage
tolerance. According to the researches above we concluded the advantages of the skin-stringer panel
with a skin pad on the damage tolerance, and presented some suggestions about the thickness of a skin
pad.
Compressive Properties for Alumina Subjected to Shock Loading
Authors: Ren Hui Lan , Ning Jian Guo
Published: March 2009

Alumina have been investigated for its distinguished characteristics to be widely used in
armor application. One-stage light gas gun were utilized to study the dynamic mechanical properties
of alumina subjected to shock loading. Manganin gauges were employed to obtain the stress-time
histories at the different Lagrange locations in alumina target. The Hugoniot curves of stress and
pressure versus specific volume were fitted based on the experimental data. The compressive
behaviors for AD90 alumina are shown to be from elastic to “plastic” below 12GPa and under more
higher pressure it will be transferred to similar-fluid state. Adopting LS-DYNA finite element
code the dynamic failure of alumina ceramic armor are simulated. It is concluded that nucleation
and growth of great number of radial and axial cracks and lateral cracks play dominant role in
fractured ceramic target under impact loading.
Numerical Solution of Elas-Plastic Impact Load of Tube Column
Authors: Liu Chun Yang , Li Bing Xin , Ju Jin San , Jiang Xiu Gen , You Xiao Chuan
Published: March 2009

The explicit numerical method is used to trace the impact procedure of the tube columns
impacted by a rigid body. The bar and rectangle tube models are both used to simulate the tube
column. The elastic and elas-plastic impact load with different mass ratio and impact speed are
obtained. The calculation results show that: for elastic models, the bigger the mass ratio and the
higher the rigid body speed, the bigger the peak value of elastic impact load; at the same time, the
more obvious the reduction effect of local buckling of rectangle tube on the peak value of impact load
and the longer the contact time of tube model; so the peak value of impact load of the rectangle tube is
not proportional to the rigid body speed. The stress wave in the tube causes a little difference between
the load curves of tube model and bar model. For elas-plastic models, the higher the rigid body speed
and the smaller the mass ratio, the bigger the peak value of impact load and the longer the contact
time. The higher the rigid body speed, the bigger the difference between elastic and elas-plastic
impact load peak value due to the expanding of plasticity. Because of the effect of local buckling, the
peak value of elas-plastic impact load of rectangle tube is always lower than that of bar.
Behavior of Thin-Walled Square Tube and Tubular Hat Sections Subjected to Low Velocity Impact Loading
Authors: Putra I.S. , Dirgantara T. , Anh L.H. , Homma Hiroomi , Kishimoto Kikuo
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the prediction and comparison of the behavior of thin-walled prismatic
structures (square tube, top-hat and double-hat sections) in absorbing energy using theoretical and
numerical analysis are presented. Equations to predict crushing length and dynamic mean crushing
force of top-hat and double-hat sections were applied for material mild steel St37 and the effect of
spot weld positions are also figured out. For comparison, an explicit non-linear commercial finite
element code LS-DYNA was used to predict the response of the structures subjected to axial
crushing. It was found that results of numerical methods and theoretical prediction have good
agreement. Assuming that the failure of spot-weld is neglected, mean dynamic crushing force of
double-hat section is 90% higher compared to that of square tube.
Study on Interfacial Shear Stress in RC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed FRP Laminates
Authors: Xie J.H. , Huang Pei Yan , Deng Jun , Yang Yi
Published: March 2009

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer
(FRP) laminates has been proved to be a rather effective strengthening technique in the field of bridge
engineering. However, debonding failure usually occurs at the end of FRP in the strengthened beams
on releasing the prestress due to the high interfacial shear stress. Analytical method to calculate the
interfacial stress is developed in this paper. Through the establishment of mathematical model for the
interfacial shear stress, the distribution of the interfacial shear stress and the longitudinal stress of
FRP are presented explicitly in an analytical way. Moreover, the maximum prestress level is
estimated to prevent debonding failure on releasing the prestress. Finally, experimental results of
eight strengthened beams validate the analytical solution for the FRP longitudinal stress.
Effect of Austenitizing Temperature and Air Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Properties of the Low Carbon Mn-Si-Cr Steel
Authors: Liu Dong Yu , Hou Shi Xiang , Yuan Ye , Bai Bing Zhe , Liu Zong De , Xu Hong , Peng Jian Chao
Published: March 2009

The air cooling rate of the Low Carbon Mn-Si-Cr steel bar with different diameter after
austenitizing at 910oC and 960oC was simulated by Formaster-F Phase transforming instrument and
Gleeble-1500 thermal /mechanical simulating machine. Microstructure of the specimen was observed
by OLYMPUS PME3 optical microscope and FEI QUANTA200F scanning electron microscope. The
hardness and impact toughness of the steel was tested by HBRV-187.5 hardness tester and JCSJ300-I
instrumented Charpy impact tester. The experimental result showed that with the amount of CFB in
CFB+M mixed microstructure increasing the combination of strength and toughness of the steel was
improved. The higher the austenitizing temperature of the steel, the wider the air-cooling rate range
obtaining CFB+M mixed microstructure. However, the steel produces mixed grain after austenitizing
at 960 oC. For obtaining fine prior austenite grain size, Ti and Nb alloying element need to be added.
Fracture Toughness of PC and PC/ABS Alloy
Authors: Li Hui Min , Fang Qin Zhi , Wang Tie Jun
Published: March 2009

As a direct and simple method, essential work of fracture has been widely used for
fracture measurement of ductile polymers. In this paper, fracture toughness of PC and PC/ABS
alloy is experimentally investigated. A series of double edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens
and essential work method are employed to measure the fracture toughness of PC and PC/ABS
alloy. By the way, the critical crack tip opening displacement is obtained. Moreover, the fracture
surfaces of DENT specimens are examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Modeling of Stress-Induced Permeability Evolution and Damage of Rock
Authors: Xu Tao , Tang Chun An
Published: March 2009

Rock permeability is important in civil and geo-hydraulic engineering, the mining and
petroleum industries, and in environmental and engineering geology. In this paper, considering the
mutual hydro-mechanical response between stress-induced permeability and damage, a coupled
mathematical model for solid deformation and gas flow in the coal or rock was established and an
attempt is made to investigate the rock permeability evolution, fracture patterns, and flow vectors in
rock samples at the scale of usual laboratory samples as well as the relation between permeability and
stress induced damage in connection with the complete strain-stress process of loaded rocks.
Numerical simulations show that the permeability of rock was not constant, closely related to the
state of stress, but varied with the stress and strain states in the rocks. Microcracking, resulting from
the concentration of stress on relatively weak rock elements, triggers successive crack initiation and
propagation that in turn leads to permeability enhancement. Prior to the peak strength, the
permeability decreases with increasing load. A dramatic increase in permeability occurs in the
post-peak stress-strain region due to the catastrophic collapse of microstructure in rock. Moreover,
the permeability of rock in post-peak stress-strain region is much higher that that of in pre-peak
region. Such intensive studies of gas flow in stressed heterogeneous rocks are useful as initial
approaches to many engineering problems in mining and petroleum industries.
Coupled THM Model and Simulation of the Yucca Mountain and FEBEX Case Study within DECOVALEX-THMC Framework
Authors: Liu Xiao Yan , Zhang Cheng Yuan , Liu Quan Sheng
Published: March 2009

Task_D of the DECOVALEX_THMC project focus on predictive analysis of the long-term
coupled processes(up to 10,000 years) in two generic repositories, FEBEX type and Yucca Mountain
Project type for comparison. To better understand the coupled THM processes and their influence on
the system behavior, we have introduced a set of generic coupled THM governing equations. Basing
on these equations, we develop simplified models according to given Task_D model inception phase
request. Boiling model and empirical bentonite swelling model are introduced into general
simulation which makes model more practical. Our numerical code FRT-THM upon this practical
models is developed and used in two BMT case study of Task_D. Simulation results are shown and
verified in the 3rd and 4th workshop of DECOVALEX_THMC in 2005. There is a good agreement
with results of different participant teams which enhances confidence in prediction of coupled THM
processes.
The Thermo-Hydro Coupled Model of Low-Temperature Rock In Consideration of Phase Change
Authors: Liu Quan Sheng , Xu Guang Miao , Wu Yue Xiu
Published: March 2009

Considering the influence of phase change and temperature variation on the physical and
mechanical properties of low-temperature rock in cold regions, the mathematical model for the
Thermo-Hydro(TH) coupled problem is proposed based on the theory of convective heat transfer
for porous medium. In this model, the influence of moisture migration on heat conduction in rock is
taken into account, as well as the influence of temperature gradient on the seepage. The involved
parameters are determined according to the related equations given in this paper. Then the finite
element model of a gas transmission pipeline in cold region is established using the proposed
mathematical model. By selecting suitable boundary conditions, initial conditions and heat
computation parameters, the freezing problem of low-temperature rock surrounding the pipeline is
analyzed. The calculated values of the temperature field and the measured data are basically
consistent, which indicates that the proposed TH coupling model for rock in cold regions is
reasonable and reliable.
Nonlinear Stability of Fixed-Fixed FGM Arches Subjected to Mechanical and Thermal Loads
Authors: Song Xi , Li Shi Rong
Published: March 2009

Based on Kirchhoff’s assumption of straight normal line of beams and considering the
effects of the axial elongation, the initial curvature and the stretching-bending coupling on the arch
deformation, geometrically nonlinear governing equations of functionally graded arch subjected to
mechanical and thermal loads are derived. In the analysis, it is assumed that the material properties
of the arch vary through the thickness as a power function. As a numerical example, the critical
buckling load and the corresponding mode shapes of a semicircle arch, with both of the ends fixed,
subjected to normally uniform distributed follower force is obtained by the shooting method. The
effects of the parameters of material gradient on the critical loads and the deformation of the
structure are examined in detail. Equilibrium configurations for different values of the load or
temperature rise are plotted. Analysis and numerical results show that the behavior of buckling of
the arch is of bifurcation and the buckling modes corresponding to minimum buckling load is
asymmetric. In other words, bifurcation buckling occurs prior to the snap-through buckling.
Theoretical Investigation on Horizontally Shear Waves in a Functionally Gradient Piezoelectric Material Plate
Authors: Cao Xiao Shan , Jin Feng , Wang Zi Kun
Published: March 2009

For the propagation of horizontally shear waves (SH-waves) in a functionally gradient
piezoelectric material (FGPM) plate, the governing equations are established by the theory of
elasticity. The Airy equations and Airy functions are applied to find the solutions of the equations.
Numerical results indicate that: compared with those of SH-waves in a transversely isotropic
piezoelectric plate, remarkable difference can be observed for the dispersion properties of SH-waves
in a FGPM plate. Material coefficients gradient variation patterns do not affect higher modes
dispersion properties of SH-waves in a FGPM plate for electrically open case. While for electrically
shorted case, dispersion properties of SH-waves higher modes are affected by the material
coefficients gradient variation patterns, remarkable influences can be observed for S0 mode.
Influences of materials coefficients gradient variation patterns on cutoff-frequencies of SH-waves are
also revealed. The results obtained are meaningful for the investigation and characterization of
SH-waves in inhomogeneous media.
Multi-Scale Strength Evaluations of SiC Particle Reinforced Aluminum Alloy by Using FEM Superposition Method
Authors: Maitireyimu Maigefeireti , Kikuchi Masanori , Gheni Mamtimin
Published: March 2009

This article presents a modified FEM Superpostion method (S-FEM) for composite
material analysis. Around the reinforcement body, failure and interface fracture may occur in the
matrix. So the S-FEM was employed to detect the stress distribution around the reinforcement. One
particle in big matrix is studied. Area of twice of particle radium is selected as local field.First, the
feasibility of modified S-FEM is verified. And by symmetric analysis, geometric distribution of
particle which may influence on the strength of composite material were discussed.
A Computational Approach for the Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability Based on the National Data Infrastructure
Authors: Atanasiu Gabriela Maria , Leon Florin , Popa Bogdan F. , Doniga Cornel
Published: March 2009

This paper deals with the monitoring and assessment of structural performance of
reinforced concrete residential buildings damaged during the lifetime by several important natural
disasters such as earthquakes. The problem belongs to the risk management of built environment
areas subjected to various natural catastrophes. In our work, we present a methodology based on
modeling, simulation and nonlinear analysis applied on two classes of existing buildings located in
the damaged infrastructure of earthquake sensitive cities. The decisions for risk mitigation taking
into account the real seismic vulnerability of structures are based on GIS (Geographical Information
Systems) mapping, and application of some artificial intelligence techniques. Finally, our paper
discusses a new methodology for awareness and mitigation of seismic effects in case of future
events in dense urban areas based on a case study for Iasi city, Romania.
Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis for Optimization of High-Pressure Vessel Inspection
Authors: Sadikin Indera , Suharto Djoko , Meliana Bangkit , Supelli Kemal , Arya Abdul
Published: March 2009

The use of High-pressure Vessel in eco-friendly Natural Gas Vehicles (NGV) is
technologically feasible nowadays. Common applications of High-pressure Vessel are to carry
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), hydrogen for fuel-cell vehicle, and high-compression air in the
new air-car technology. High-pressure Vessel is subjected to extreme compression-decompression
cycles that could cause fatigue failure. Therefore, vessel shall be inspected regularly to detect if
there is crack inside. The objective of this paper is to optimize the inspection interval of CNG Highpressure
Vessel by means of Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis. Vessel is made of highalloy
steel and assumed to have distributed elliptical cracks. Three length-to-depth crack ratios
(a/c), i.e. 3, 8, and 15, are simulated. Crack is assumed to propagate in fixed ratio. Stress Intensity
Factors at each crack tip are calculated by Finite Element Analysis and Crack Closure Technique.
Fatigue crack growth is simulated by Cycle-by-Cycle Integration Technique. The Fracture
Mechanics Analysis is then expanded to probabilistic analysis by considering stochastic nature of
analysis parameters. Probability of failure is computed by Guided Direct Simulation Method using
software which is specially written for this project [1]. Based on simulation result, High-pressure
Vessel is recommended to be inspected every 3 years.
Computer Simulation of Irradiation Growth in Zirconium
Authors: Takahashi Akiyuki , Arita Masahiro , Kikuchi Masanori
Published: March 2009

This paper describes the computer simulation of irradiation growths induced by neutron
irradiations in zirconium using a combination of Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Kinetic Monte Carlo
(KMC) methods. First, we performed the MD simulation of the displacement cascade on a defect
cluster to study the interaction between the defect cluster and the displacement cascade. The MD
simulations provide a lot of information on the amount of the defect production and the subsequent
morphological change in the defect cluster. The results are used to make simple models that describe
the nature of the displacement cascade overlap on the defect clusters. The models are then
implemented into the KMC simulation code to extend the length- and time-scale of the simulation,
which allows us to evaluate directly the defect cluster accumulations during a long-term irradiation.
The irradiation growth strain resulting from the defect cluster accumulations is simply evaluated, and
compared to an available experimental data. The comparison suggests that the displacement cascade
overlap plays an important role on the irradiation growth, and, consequently, the KMC method with
the simple models must be appropriate for the simulations of the irradiation growth.
On the Mechanical Properties of Transversely Isotropic Material Using the Nanoindentation
Authors: Ko Seong Hyun , Kim Young Deuk , Shin Na Young , Park Hyun Chul , Lee Kun Hong
Published: March 2009

Anodic alumina has exhibits a homogeneous morphology of parallel pores that can be
easily controlled between 10 and 400 nm. AAO(Anodic Aluminum Oxide) structure is the
transversely isotropic material due to the parallel pores. In this study, mechanical properties of the
AAO structures are measured using the nano-indentation method. Nano-indentation technique is one
of the most effective methods to measure mechanical properties of nano-structures. Investigation of
mechanical properties, such as the indentation modulus and hardness of the AAO structure with
varying nano-pore sizes, was performed using the nano-indentation method. The results showed that
the indentation modulus and hardness decreases monotically as the pore size increases.
Corrosion Behavior of some Sintered CuNi Alloys – Preliminary Laboratory Data
Authors: Sorcoi Adriana , Fako Raluca , Cojocaru S.
Published: March 2009

The paper aims to discuss some aspects on corrosion behavior of specimens from
sintered CuNi alloys (e.g. Cu90Ni10; Cu70Ni30). The above mentioned specimens were
manufactured by dissimilar laboratory routes: from alloyed powders, from elementary powders and
from mixtures consisting of Cu80Ni20 alloy and an alloying element. Research aims to establish the
manufacturing parameters influence on sintered specimens characteristics (density, porosity,
microstructure features) in order to correlate them with corrosion tests laboratory data.
There were investigated the corrosion mechanisms in relation with macro- and microstructure
properties of the sintered specimen surface. For comparison purposes, it is intended to extend the
analysis to Cu60Ni40 and Cu80Ni20 sintered alloys.
Experimental Study of Propagation Stage of Pitting Corrosion of 20Cr13 Steel
Authors: Davydov A.D. , Shaldaev V.S.
Published: March 2009

The initiation and development of pitting corrosion of steel 20Cr13 in the NaCl
solutions with various concentrations, temperatures, and pH values are studied under the
potentiostatic conditions and at the free-corrosion potential. The pitting and repassivation potentials
are determined using the method of cycling voltammetry. In spite of the fact that thus determined
pitting potential is more positive than the corrosion potential (the open-circuit potential Eo.c.), the
long-term experiments, which were performed at the free-corrosion potential, showed that pitting
corrosion takes place without imposing a potential using an external power source. It is concluded
that the probability of pitting corrosion of steel should be determined by comparing the corrosion
potential (the open-circuit potential) with the repassivation potential Erp. Steel 20Cr13 is prone to
the pitting corrosion, because Erp is more negative than Eo.c..
In the potentiostatic experiments, the variation of the depth and diameter of pits and their
number with the time and the effect of temperature and electrode rotation on the pit propagation are
studied.
The results, which were obtained at the free-corrosion potential, are much less reproducible.
In this case, in contrast to the potentiostatic conditions, the pit depth increased only slightly and the
pit width increased to a larger extent. The effect of concentration, pH value, and temperature of
NaCl solutions on the pit propagation is considered.
It is concluded that the data on the development of pitting corrosion under the potentiostatic
conditions can be hardly extended to the conditions of free corrosion potential.
Effect of Surface Nanocrystallization on the Acid Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition of Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Oguzie Emeka E. , Li Ying , Wang Fu Hui
Published: March 2009

The corrosion behavior of a nanocrystalline (NC) low carbon steel (LCS) surface film
deposited on a conventional polycrystalline (PC) LCS by magnetron sputtering was studied in 0.5
M H2SO4 solution using impedance and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The corrosion
inhibiting effect of a non toxic organic compound (methionine) and synergistic KI additives was
also studied. Microstructure characterization by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy
revealed no phase changes due to nanoprocessing and the grain size of the NC surface layer was ~
40 nm. Electrochemical results show that both the PC and NC surfaces underwent active corrosion
with no transition to passivation in the potential range studied. Surface nanocrystallization however
increased the corrosion susceptibility of low carbon steel more than two-fold, leading to a decrease
in interfacial impedance and an increase in the kinetics of the anodic reaction. Methionine inhibited
the corrosion of both specimens with comparable inhibition efficiencies. Iodide ions synergistically
increased the inhibition efficiency of methionine on both specimens. This synergistic effect was
more pronounced for the bulk steel and has been discussed vis-à-vis the more positive surface
charge on bulk steel surface at the corrosion potential compared to the nanocrystalline surface.
Non-Chromate Surface Protection for Aircraft Maintenance
Authors: Bockmair Georg
Published: March 2009

While chromates as anti-corrosion pigments in primers and wash primers have disappeared in most
industries, there are still quite a lot of chromated paints used in the aircraft industry. Intensive efforts
to develop alternative pre-treatments to chromate conversion coatings and to chromic acid
anodization have begun. The intention of this report is to give an overview of the state-of-the-art
techniques about such pre-treatment/coating systems of aluminium for aircraft maintenance, which
are in accordance with the latest environmental policies. The objective is to evaluate the combination
of surface pre-treatment and paint as a whole.
Glass as Solid Non-Equilibrium Phase under Negative Pressure
Authors: Landa L. , Thomsen S. , Hulme R.
Published: March 2009

A general condition of transformation of a liquid or a crystal into a glass according
to results of measurements of specific heats and transition heats is the drop in the internal pressure
to negative values.
Spectral, Radiation-Optical and Shielding Properties of Phosphate Glasses with High Lead Content
Authors: Arbuzov Valerii I. , Fyodorov Yurii K.
Published: March 2009

Spectral, radiation optical, and radiation shielding properties of new phosphate glasses,
TPF, with high lead content (up to 40 mol. % PbO) were studied. They are characterized by the
heightened radiation optical resistance at exposure doses up to 5*107 R, and by the improved
radiation shielding properties as compared with similar data of silicate glasses with the same lead
content. A TPF boundary of semi-transmission for a 1 cm thick glass layer lies approximately at
355 nm, its absorption coefficient, µ, for γ-quanta of 137Cs (0.663 MeV) and 60Co (1.25 MeV) reach
0.373 and 0.240 cm-1 whereas µ’s of the Russian radiation resistant strong flint TF110 (40 mol. %
PbO) are equal to 0.355 and 0.214 cm-1. These properties allowed to use TPF instead of strong
silicate flints as material for observation radiation schielding windows of facilities of special usage.
Thermal Stability and Optical Properties of Er3+ Doped BaTi2O5 Glasses
Authors: Masuno A. , Inoue H. , Yu J. , Arai Yasutomo , Otsubo Fumiaki
Published: March 2009

Er3+ doped BaTi2O5 spherical glasses were prepared using a containerless processing with
an aerodynamic levitation furnace. These glasses were found to have high solubility of Er3+ and the
substitution ratio of Er3+ for Ba2+ reached 30 %. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements
revealed that the glass transition temperature Tg and the crystallization onset temperature Tx shifted to
high temperatures and the value of T (= Tx – Tg) increased with substitution of Er3+, indicating that
the stability against crystallization improved. We found that these glasses had high refractive indices
exceeding 2.1 with low Abbe numbers of approximately 20.