bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender-based differences in coronavirus disease 2019: Hormonal influencers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptors and immune responses
Authors: Singh Rita , Mehul Divya , Singh Gordhan , Kumar Rohit , Bhatia Smita
Published: June 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a pandemic due to a high rate of infection by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). People with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, Type II diabetes, and COPD have been having acute symptoms and higher rate of mortality. Further, increased severity and lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been observed among men than in women. SARSCoV-2 infects human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its spike protein (S-Protein). ACE2 is a critical transmembrane protein of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which modulates the cardiovascular system and fluid homeostasis. This article reviews the current knowledge about the mechanisms of sex-based differences that may cause variations in COVID-19 susceptibility and outcomes among males and females. Males have been shown to have a delayed viral clearance due to increased retention of coronavirus as compared to females. Recent studies indicate that a severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 impairs spermatogenesis in males, however, the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 damages testicular cells need more studies. We discuss here the distinctive features such as sex hormone milieu, receptor biology, and immunology that may be responsible for the gender-based differences in the outcome of COVID-19.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Model ARCS Pada Pokok Bahasan Kesetimbangan Ion dan pH Larutan Penyangga
Authors: Hanifha Sasya , Susilawati  , Copriady Jimmi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to develop student worksheets based on the ARCS model on ionic equilibrium and pH of the buffer solution subject, determining the validity of student worksheets of the aspects of content, ARCS characteristics, language, presentation, graphics and find out user responses through student worksheets based on ARCS models on ionic equilibrium and pH buffer solution subject. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D development model. The object of this research is student worksheets based on the ARCS model. The data collection instruments were in the form of validation sheets given to three validators and user questionnaires given to teachers and students. After two revisions, the validity results obtained in the aspects of content, ARCS characteristics, language, presentation and graphics, respectively, namely 93.75%, 93.75%, 98.33%, 97.92% and 98%.  the average score was 96.33% that comes to  valid criteria. student worksheets which was valid by the validator tested one by one on 3 students who had studied the ion balance and pH of the buffer solution. Furthermore, asking for response to 3 chemistry teachers and 20 students resulted the teacher’s response and resultied  a student response 91.07% and 79.73% that comes to very good criteria. Based on the results of the data analysis, it concluded that student worksheets based on the ARCS model was valid and can be used during high school chemistry lessons on the ion balance and pH of buffer solution subject.
EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI
Authors: Prilanji Fito Bakdo , Gaperius Simanjuntak Victor
Published: June 2021

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah aspek penilaian seperti psikomotorik, afektif, dan kognitif belum terlaksana, karena sebagian guru belum merancang sistem penilaian secara tertulis dengan rapi, sehingga evaluasi yang dilakukan guru kurang terencana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui evaluasi pembelajaran penjas pada guru SMA di Kota Pontianak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dan bentuk penelitian survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 15 guru. Sampel menggunakan total sampling yang berjumlah 15 guru SMA di Kota Pontianak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap pembelajaran penjasorkes diklasifikasikan menjadi dua kategori. Kategori sangat baik 66,7%, dan guru yang termasuk dalam kategori baik sebesar 33,3%, sedangkan yang termasuk dalam kategori cukup dan kurang yaitu sebesar 0%. Jumlah skor untuk semua pengelompokan guru adalah 347 yang berarti evaluasi pembelajaran penjas untuk seluruh guru SLTA di Kota Pontianak termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL LATIHAN GARUDA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KELINCAHAN PEMAIN FUTSAL KU-16
Authors: Erlangga Adhimas Garuda , Muhyi Muhammad , Rosmi Yandika Fefrian
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Model Pelatihan Garuda untuk pemain futsal usia 16 tahun, untuk memantau respon pemain futsal usia 16 tahun terhadap Model Pelatihan Garuda yang dikembangkan dan untuk menghasilkan panduan pelatihan dalam bentuk buku dan DVD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode R&D (Research and Development). Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil skor dan saran dari para ahli dan pelatih futsal. Selain itu, juga didapat dari formulir yang diisi oleh pemain futsal berusia 16 tahun dari Academy Mandala FC Surabaya. Hasil penelitian Garuda Training Model terdiri dari high knee run, zig zag run, jumping jack, single leg hop, double leg hop dan in out shuffle. Menurut hasil pakar dan pelatih futsal, model latihan Garuda termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Model Latihan Garuda layak diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kelincahan pemain futsal usia 16 tahun. Selain itu, pemain futsal 16 tahun ini memberikan respon yang positif terhadap Model Latihan Garuda karena variatif sehingga tidak monoton dan tidak membosankan
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Passing Bawah Permainan Bola Voli Melalui Media Balon
Authors: Jumari Jumari , Qomariyah Siti
Published: June 2021

Permasalahan yang terdapat pada peserta didik yaitu pada saat melakukan passing bola bawah tidak dapat dilakukan dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu meningkatkan kemampuan passing bawah, sampel pada penelitian ini peserta didik di SDN 13 Singkawang. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas, objek penelitan ini yaitu guru yang bekerja sama dengan peserta didik kelas V yang berjumlah 25 peserta didik. Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan bahwa pada siklus I terdapat 64% siswa yang tuntas dengan jumlah 16 siswa dari 25 siswa, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan siklus II yang menunjukan peningkatan ketuntasan siswa sebesar 92% dengan jumlah 23 siswa dengan nilai rata-rata 76,4 dalam kemampuan teknik passing bawah. Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa metode pembelajaran kreatif  dengan menambahkan media balon dapat  memberikan dampak positif bagi peserta didik dan meningkatkan motivasi dalam pembelajaran bola voli khususnya passing bawah.
A CONSTRUÇÃO NARRATIVA EM TRÊS ESTÓRIAS DA TERRA, DE ERASMO LINHARES: O CASO DO NARRADOR ZECA-DAMA
Authors: Cantarelli Ana Paula
Published: June 2021

Este estudo visa discutir a trilogia “Três estórias da terra”, integrante da obra O tocador de charamela (1979), de autoria do amazonense Erasmo Linhares, a partir da análise do narrador Zeca-Dama. Para tal, encontra-se dividido em três parte. A primeira, “Zeca-Dama: o contador de histórias”, apresenta brevemente os textos que compõem a trilogia (“Tio Antunes”; “Zeca-Dama”; “João Carioca: mandão e famão ”“ juiz de paz”). A segunda, “O narrador Zeca-Dama: um contador de histórias contemporâneo”, aborda a construção do narrador nos contos, analisando-a a partir de textos de autores como Benjamin (1994), Adorno (2003) e Ginzburg (2012). Por fim, a terceira parte, “Zeca-Dama: um olhar sobre a Amazônia”, a partir de estudos desenvolvidos por Silva (2008) e Santos (2018), discorre sobre a maneira como o narrador apresenta a natureza amazônica em contraposição com obras anteriormente produzidas sobre a região.
ROMANCE E MEMÓRIA: RETRATOS DA PRIMEIRA GUERRA MUNDIAL EM PASSEIO AO FAROL DE VIRGINIA WOOLF
Authors: Rodrigues Giancarlo Moreira , Brito Luciana
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo tem por objetivo apresentar os efeitos da primeira guerra mundial no romance Passeio ao farol, de Virginia Woolf, por meio de teóricos que discutem a relação entre memória, história e literatura, como é o caso de Kramer, Halbwachs, Ricceur, Heller, Bosi, Lima, Benjamin, dentre outros. Vale ressaltar que, em Passeio ao farol, a escritora inglesa expressa, por meio de monólogos interiores, as tensões e destruições provocadas pela guerra, além de realizar várias indagações a respeito da humanidade e seus valores. A primeira guerra mundial se tornaria um fator de crise no contexto do homem do século XX, pois o mesmo que efetivou inovações nos saberes também destruiu os seus semelhantes por interesse e poder. Virginia Woolf, imbuída desta perspectiva crítica, desconstrói a figura do homem tradicional em seu romance e apresenta um novo ser, cuja representação é fragmentada e caótica
MISS FURY: A PRIMEIRA SUPER-HEROÍNA DE AUTORIA FEMININA
Authors: Dos Santos Cunha Jaqueline
Published: June 2021

O presente trabalho discute sobre as rupturas e as continuidades no que toca Ã  representação dos estereótipos femininos na produção quadrinística estadunidense Miss Fury (1941 - 1952), concebida como a primeira super-heroína de autoria feminina. Criação artística de June Tarpey Mills (1912, 1988), Miss Fury foi lançada na ocasião da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Neste momento de transformações sociais e culturais experimentado pelos EUA na metade do século XX, as mulheres foram levadas a contribuir com sua mão de obra nos mais variados cargos, inclusive nas forças armadas e na produção de histórias em quadrinhos. Desse modo, as histórias em quadrinhos, seguindo uma retórica de guerra, funcionavam como uma espécie de propagada do tipo de mulher que os Estados Unidos precisavam para aquele momento. É este papel que a referida super-heroína representa.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO FEMININA NEGRA EM AMERICANAH, DE CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE ”“ IMAGENS CONTROLADORAS E OLHAR OPOSICIONAL
Authors: Florindo Marília Carolina de Moraes
Published: June 2021

Este artigo busca analisar a representação negra feminina em Americanah, de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Publicado em 2013, o romance conta a história de Ifemelu, garota nigeriana que vai morar nos EUA. Ifemelu se depara com uma série de dificuldades no novo país, entre elas a imagem da mulher negra neste país. A personagem percebe que existem diversas imagens controladoras ”“ termo utilizado por Patricia Hill Collins (2019) ”“ da mulher negra no imaginário dos Estados Unidos. Assim, Ifemelu passa a escrever em um blog a respeito de suas experiências e reflexões sobre o que é ser negra e africana naquele país. O ato de escrever configura parte da aquisição do olhar oposicional da personagem, conceito de Bell Hooks, que significa o olhar crítico e questionador perante os modelos de feminilidade impostos em segmentos da arte e da vida de mulheres negras. Abordando o enredo do romance, este artigo pretende, além de ressaltar obras como a de Adichie, que apresentam mulheres negras como protagonistas, apontar imagens controladoras, demonstrar possibilidades de modelos de feminilidade e estudar a aquisição do olhar oposicional como forma de resistência a padrões impostos por uma sociedade racista, machista e limitada em suas visões sobre o que é ser mulher.
Deny None of It: A Biocultural Reading of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Faurholt Gry
Published: June 2021

Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale has predominantly been read as a critique of patriarchy, a feminist dystopia. This article amends the feminist analysis by applying a biocultural approach to the novel, taking as its point of departure three problems that have troubled the feminist reading: Offred’s perceived passivity, the novel’s subtly critical stance towards its feminist characters, and the open ending. By taking into account the environmental context-a fertility crisis-the biocultural reading is able to analyze char­acter in terms of survival and reproductive strategies. Recognizing that the characters are negotiating male and female mating strategies under extreme conditions leads to a deeper comprehension of the way the contrasting philosophies of radical feminism and sociobi­ology inform sexual politics in the Republic of Gilead.
Learning from Fiction?
Authors: Boyd Brian
Published: June 2021

Storytellers and their audiences over many millennia have thought that we can learn from fiction. Philosopher Gregory Currie challenges that supposition. He doubts knowing can be founded on imagining, and claims that what we think we learn from fiction is not reli­able in the way science or philosophy is, because not tested through peerreview, experi­ment, and argument. He underrates the role of the imagination in understanding all hu­man language, in fictionality outside formal fictions, and in science. Science is not “reliabilist” as Currie assumes: it aims at bold imaginative discoveries that often overturn what had previously been thought secure and may well be displaced by still newer discov­eries. Fiction may not have peer review, but it is tested on the highly developed intuitions of audiences, on the expertise of critics, and through the corrective competition and inno­vations of other storytellers, as Joyce challenges Homer, or David Sloan Wilson’s recent Atlas Hugged challenges Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged. There are strong reasons for predicting that fiction has a prosocial bias from which humans over many millennia have learned to expand their sociality. That does not mean that all exposure to fiction is beneficial.
We Are Not Going Back: Migrant Music as the New Folk Music of Italy
Authors: Portelli Alessandro
Published: June 2021

This article concerns the “Roma Forestiera” project that has been carried out for the last ten years by the independent Circolo Gianni Bosio organization, which is devoted to the study of popular memory, folk song, and oral history. The author describes the experiences gathered while recording witnesses to history on the streets and in the migrant centres.
Study of isothermal decomposition of austenite using methods of mathematical modeling
Authors: Kurkin A. S.
Published: June 2021

The capabilities of the numerical simulation of technological processes are limited by the accuracy and efficiency of determining the properties of materials which continuously change with repeated heating and cooling. The parameters of structural transformations are the principal factors affecting the properties of alloyed steels. We present a method for determining the parameters of formulas describing C-shaped curves of experimental diagrams of isothermal decomposition of austenite. The proposed approach makes it possible to reconstruct the entire C-shaped curve using a relatively small fragment near the «nose» (by three points). Joint processing of a series of curves provided determination of the parameters of ferritic, pearlitic and bainitic transformation kinetics. However, it is important to take into account the features of the diffusion decomposition of austenite. For example, ferrite and pearlite are formed in overlapping temperature ranges and have similar mechanical properties, but their combining into a single ferrite-pearlite structure complicates the construction of a mathematical model of transformation. The bainitic transformation has a transient character from diffusion to diffusionless one. As for the transformation temperature range, the limiting degree is a function of temperature (as in the case of martensitic transformation). It was shown that for ferrite-pearlite transformation the best results are obtained by the Kolmogorov – Avrami equation, and for the bainitic one — by the Austin – Rickett equation modified with allowance for an incomplete transformation.
Determination of the steel axial stresses in memory mode by the exponential law of magnetoelastic demagnetization
Authors: Novikov V. F. , Kulak S. M. , Parakhin A. S.
Published: June 2021

Magnetic and magnetoelastic methods of stress control are based on changes in the magnetic parameters of steel upon deformation. However, the magnetic properties of different steel grades, and even of the same grade in different heats may differ noticeably. The inhomogeneity of the magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of steel attributed to variations in the chemical composition, as well as in the modes of rolling and heating during manufacture affects the accuracy of stress control being a common disadvantage of magnetoelastic methods used for monitoring the stress-strain state of steel structures. The goal of the study is to consider the possibility of monitoring uniaxial mechanical stresses in steel structures in the «magnetoelastic memory» mode, based on H(σ) dependence of the strength of magnetic field of scattering local remanent magnetization of steel on the uniaxial stresses. The exponential function is shown to provide a satisfactory description of the experimental dependence of the strength of the magnetic field of scattering of the permanently magnetized 17G1S and 15KhSND steels on the stresses induced in steels by tension, compression, and impact. To improve the accuracy of the control, we propose to introduce the magnetoelastic sensitivity of steel (MSS) into the accepted form of the exponential dependence H(σ). A way to MSS determination not only on laboratory samples under ideal conditions, but directly on the construction under control (which reduces the errors of the control attributed to variations in the magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of steels) is considered. To implement the proposed procedure, prototypes of the devices for static and dynamic local loading of metal structure elements have been developed and manufactured. The devices have undergone a pilot test when monitoring the stress-strain state of the load-bearing beams of an automobile overpass. Using the developed devices, a local dosed loading with a hemispherical indenter was carried out through shock or static loading of a pre-magnetized region of the structure resulted in a decrease in the intensity of the magnetic field of scattering. A procedure for monitoring uniaxial stresses in steel structure elements by the method of magnetoelastic «memory» is proposed taking into account the measured magnetoelastic sensitivity of their material.
Proposal for considering the group effect in the prediction of settlements in pile groups through load transfer methods
Authors: Gomes Filho Francisco Vladson Cardins , Moura Alfran Sampaio
Published: June 2021

When designing a foundation project, it is necessary to ensure that all the elements meet both ultimate and serviceability limit states, which call for predictions of settlement and load capacity. The load transfer methods are a widely used alternative to estimate the load-settlement ratio of piles in the design of foundation projects. However, traditional load transfer methods do not consider the interactive effects between the elements in pile groups. This study proposes changes to the load transfer curves developed by Bohn et al. (2016), aiming to incorporate the group effect in the analysis of load-settlement relationships in pile groups. Comparisons between the predicted settlements obtained using the proposed method and the results of load tests performed by Dai et al. (2012) in Jiangsu, China, showed that the modifications proposed in this study agreed well with the experimental results for most of the analyzed groups.
Reinforcing effect of recycled polypropylene fibers on a clayey lateritic soil in different compaction degrees
Authors: Correia Natalia de Souza , Rocha Sabrina Andrade
Published: June 2021

The present research investigates the reinforcing effect of recycled polypropylene (R-PP) fibers on a compacted clayey lateritic soil in different compaction degrees. R-PP fibers of 12 mm length were mixed with the soil in the contents of 0.1 and 0.25% of soil dry weight. Unconfined compression strength tests (UCS), direct shear tests and indirect tensile strength (ITS) tests were conducted. Fibers addition showed no significate alterations in the optimum compaction parameters. The study evidenced increases in UCS, changing the soil behavior from a brittle failure to a ductile failure, while fiber contribution was most effective for 0.25% R-PP fibers content and 95% compaction degree. The use of fibers improved the shear stress-strain behavior of the composites and soils compacted at different degrees of compaction showed similar shear behavior, which is coherent to the soil water retention curves (SWRC) results. Significant increases in the tensile behavior of soil-mixtures for both fiber contents used were observed, and fibers increase was more significate than increase in soil degree of compaction. The stretching of the fibers and fibers orientation at the sheared interface in direct shear tests and the fiber “bridge” effect in ITS tests could be observed.
Electrosurgical energy. Is it a risk factor for post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia?
Authors:   1Surgery Service, Clínica Pasteur, Quito, Ecuador. 2Surgery Service, Hospital Metropolitano, Quito, Ecuador. 3Faculty of Medicine, San Francisco University, Quito, Ecuador. 4Faculty of Medicine, San Francisco University, Quito, Ecuador. 5Surgery Service, Hospital Metropolitano, Quito, Ecuador.
Published: June 2021

Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to investigate a relationship between the different types of electrosurgical energy (monopolar, bipolar, and ultrasonic-harmonic scalpel) and postoperative hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy. Additionally, to analyze the frequency of postoperative hypocalcaemia, according to age group, gender, and pathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: An observational, retrospective and correlational study was carried out in a series of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in a public and a private hospital in Quito, Ecuador, South America, from January 2016 to July 2019. Results: Among 665 patients, post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia was observed in 127 (18.8%) patients. There was no significant difference between males and females. Hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in patients aged between 26 and 35 years, patients operated for malignant tumors and in patients in whom at least one parathyroid gland was removed. Postoperative hypocalcaemia occurred in 52.2% of patients (n = 24) [RR: 3.14; 95% CI: 2.26-4.36; p: 0.001] in the bipolar group, 29.2% (n = 7) [RR: 1.56; 95% CI: 0.82-2.97; p: 0.087] in the harmonic group, 17.3% (n = 34) [RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.61-1.24; p: 0.219] in the monopolar group, and 15.2% (n= 60) [RR: 0.61; 95% CI 0.45-0.84; p: 0.001] in the monopolar + harmonic group. Conclusions and clinical significance: The use of a bipolar device appears to be a risk factor for hypocalcaemia, while the use of monopolar + harmonic seems to be a protective factor. Although, when analyzing monopolar + harmonic vs monopolar alone, the addition of the harmonic scalpel didn’t provide statistically significant additional protection against hypocalcaemia.
Where is reality? Is It In the painting?: The representation of problematised reality in Peter Ackroyd’s Chatterton
Authors: TURGUT Zeynep Rana
Published: June 2021

The detective fiction genre undergoes a radical change along with the thematic and structural innovations brought about by postmodernism in the second half of the twentieth century. The most recognisable changes are inconclusive endings with no resolution; eager characters and vain engagement in certain incidents though there is no crime to be investigated, and the reader's newly assigned role i.e. that of the detective. The aim of this paper is to explore Peter Ackroyd's Chatterton with regard to the changing features of the detective genre. Chatterton is not labelled a pure example of detective fiction despite various use of thematic and structural elements exclusive to this genre. Ackroyd reshapes and employs the conventional components of detective fiction according to his authorial needs. Thus the focus of this paper is on Ackroyd’s reformulation of traditional detective fiction in Chatterton. The emphasis is on structural and thematic affinities and differences between traditional and contemporary detective novels. The analysis is mainly based on the intertextual representation of the perception of the real and the unreal.
ANALISIS DAN PROYEKSI KEBUTUHAN ENERGI SEKTOR TRANSPORTASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kabul Paminto Ari
Published: June 2021

Transportation is an important means for modern society to facilitate the mobility of people and goods.The transport sector consumes about 30% of the total national final energy consumption. In 2016,energy consumption in the transportation sector reached 331.7 million BOE (equivalent barrels of oil)with a fuel mix of 55.3% gasoline; 14.0% of diesel oil; 22.3% biosolar; 0.04% fuel oil, 0.07% natural gas;0.005% avgas, 8.15% aviation fuel and 0.04% electricity. The increasing demand for energy in thetransportation sector in Indonesia is largely due to the improvement and addition of transportinfrastructure in some parts of Indonesia, especially airports and the growth of low-cost airlines. In2050 it is projected that the use of gasoline and diesel oil will continue to increase with growth of 4.0%and 4.5% per year. Along with this, the growth of biodiesel continues to increase to 7.9% per year.While avtur utilization is projected to continue to grow with a growth rate of 6.8% per year.
Ekmeklik Buğdayda Optik Sensör ile Azotlu Gübre Tavsiyesi
Authors: SAVASLI Erdinc , ÖNDER Oğuz , DAYIOĞLU Ramis , ÖZEN Didem , KARADUMAN Yaşar , ÖZDEMİR Suat , ATEŞ Özgür , ÖZSAYIN Melih
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü arazisinde 2017-2019 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, Hat 30, Mesut, Nacibey ve Reis kışlık ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin kuru koşullar altında azot gübrelemesine verdikleri tepkiler, spektral yansımaya dayalı bitki örtüsü indeksleri ve bu indekslerden hesaplanan Mevsimsel Verim Tahminleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Örtü indekslerinin ölçülmesinde Optik sensör (Green Seeker) kullanılmıştır. Denemede Tesadüf Bloklarında Faktöriyel Deneme Deseni ve 6 farklı 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 ve 150 kg/ha azot dozu kullanılmıştır. Vejetasyon indeksleri (NDVI) Zadoks24, Zadoks30, Zadoks31 ve Zadoks32 büyüme dönemlerinde okunmuştur. Zadoks30 (sapa kalkma dönemi) en gerçekçi okuma dönemi olarak bulunmuştur. 3 deneme ortalamasına göre yeni sistemin, ilkbahar (Zadoks30) dönemi uygulamalarında 15 kg/ha daha az azot ile benzer verim değerleri sağladığı ve ümit verici olduğunu görülmüştür. Sensör uygulamasının çiftçi uygulamasından % 5 daha etkin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Cost Efficiency Status of Rice Farmers Participating in IFAD/VCD Programme in Niger State of Nigeria
Authors: SADIQ Sanusi , SINGH Invinder Paul , AHMAD Muhammad Makarfi
Published: June 2021

This research empirically determined the cost efficiency of the farmers that participated in the IFAD/VCD programme in Niger State of Nigeria. The study elicited cross-sectional data of the 2018 cropping season viz. well-structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule from a sample size of 110 respondents selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. The sampled data were analysed using the stochastic cost frontier model. The empirical evidence showed that none of the farmers was on the cost frontier surface i.e. inability to attain optimal minimum cost in the cultivation of rice in the studied area. The identified significant idiosyncratic variables militating against cost efficiency were the poor health status of the farm family which led to the extra cost incurred in labour substitution and diseconomies of scale due to their small-scale mode of operation. Therefore, the study recommends that the policymakers should sensitize the farmers on the importance of health preventive measures and should endeavour to improve on the existing basic health centres both in human capital and logistics. In addition, the farmers should be encouraged to explore cooperative marketing so as to take advantage of the bulk discount in input purchase and have bargaining power in the marketing of their output, thus tackling the problem of diseconomies of scale in their farm operations.
Bazı Yonca Çeşitlerinde (Medicago sativa L.) Biçim Zamanının Ot Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkilerinin Saptanması
Authors: GÖKKAYA Gürsel , ORAK Adnan
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırma, farklı dönemlerde biçilen bazı yonca (Medicago sativa L.) çeşitlerinin ot verimi, verim özellikleri ve kalite değerlerini belirlemek amacıyla 2016-2018 yıllarında iki yıl süre ile Tekirdağ’da susuz koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Araştırma tesadüf blokları desenine göre faktöriyel düzende 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş ve denemede Gözlü-1, Bilensoy 80, Prosementi, Plato ve Verko olmak üzere 5 farklı yonca çeşidi materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Ot hasadı iki farklı (%10 ve %50 çiçeklenme) dönemde yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçların değerlendirilmesi ile yıllar arasındaki farklar önemli bulunmuş ve ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. İlk ve ikinci yıl ortalama değerlerine göre yonca çeşitlerinde bitki boyu değerlerinin 74.99 cm ile 46.98 cm aralığında değişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. En yüksek yeşil ot verimi 4188.98 kg/da ile Gözlü-1, en düşük verim ise (3543.71 kg/da) ile Bilensoy 80 çeşidinde belirlenmiştir. Biçim zamanlarına bağlı olarak yeşil ot verimi farklılık göstermiştir. Yonca çeşitleri %50 çiçeklenme döneminde (4353.24 kg/da) %10 çiçeklenme dönemine göre (3190.67 kg/da) daha fazla ot verimine sahip olmuştur. Kalite analizlerinde % 10 ve % 50 çiçeklenme zamanında yapılan biçimlerde protein oranı 1. yıl % 21.80-21.36, ikinci yıl % 22.73-2098; ADF oranı 1.yıl % 40.15-42.47, 2. Yıl % 39.60-43.25; NDF oranı 1. yıl %40.96-43.00, 2.yıl %39.95-47.22; NYD 1. yıl 124.78-127.43, 2.yıl %108.72-138.83 olarak bulunmuştur.
Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin Kırsal Kalkınmadaki Rolünün A’WOT Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZTAŞ KARLI Rukiye Gizem
Published: June 2021

Küreselleşme ve gelişen teknoloji kırsal kalkınma kavramının da değişmesine neden olmuştur. Bu bağlamda küreselleşen dünyaya ayak uydurabilmek, sosyo-ekonomik gelişmeye katkı sağlamak ve akıllı ve rekabetçi kırsal alanlar oluşturmak amacıyla bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin (BİT) kırsal alanlarda kullanımının artması gerekmektedir. Literatürde çeşitli alanlarda A’WOT tekniği kullanılmasına rağmen kırsal kalkınmaya yönelik çalışmalarda özellikle turizm konusu dışında yeterli sayıda çalışma olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı BİT’in kırsal kalkınmadaki rolünü ortaya koyarak Türkiye’deki kırsal alanların BİT potansiyelini A’WOT analizi ile değerlendirmektir. Sayısal çözümlemelerde veri olarak 9 uzmanın görüşünden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgular, kırsal alanların altyapısının yüksek oranda tamamlanmış ve akıllı tarım uygulamalarının kullanılıyor olması gibi önemli avantajlara sahip olmasına rağmen, BİT cihaz sahipliği ve erişim imkânlarının yetersiz olduğu göstermektedir. Nesnelerin interneti (IoT) teknolojisinin her alanda kullanılabiliyor olması önemli bir fırsat olarak görülmekte olup, kırsal halkın tarımsal uygulamalarda BİT’e karşı mesafeli duruş göstermesi önemli bir tehdit olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır
Evaluation of the Fungicide Resistance of Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) in Tomatoes to Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin in Greenhouse Areas of Turkey
Authors: GÜL Esra , KARATAŞ Zeynep , KARAKAYA Aziz
Published: June 2021

Botrytis cinerea, a polyphagous pathogen, can infect all of the aboveground parts of tomato plants and cause significant yield and quality losses. Fungicides are commonly used for the control of this pathogen. Currently, resistance to fungicides, which provide the effective and fast control of pathogens, is an important problem. In this study, resistance of B. cinerea isolates obtained from tomato greenhouses in Antalya province against Signum® (boscalid + pyraclostrobin) and Cantus® (boscalid) fungicides were evaluated under in vitro conditions. Mycelium growth tests conducted with different fungicide concentrations and EC50 values were calculated. While EC50 values of isolates sensitive to boscalid varied between 0.7 and 8.6 μg/ml, EC50 values of isolates sensitive to boscalid + pyraclostrobin were found to be between 0.1 and 1.9 μg/ml. Conidial germination tests were carried out in a 2% water agar (WA) medium. It was determined that isolates 61, 69, 72, and 81 were resistant to both fungicides, while isolates 57 and 97 were sensitive to boscalid and resistant to boscalid + pyraclostrobin. It has been determined that 20% of the isolates were resistant to both fungicides. Isolates resistant to boscalid but sensitive to boscalid+pyraclostrobin were not found. With this current in vitro study, the first data on the resistance formation against boscalid and boscalid + pyraclostrobin active ingredients in B. cinerea populations in Antalya province were presented. There is a need to develop integrated control programs that can be used in the control of the pathogen.
Bazı Biber (Capsicum annuum L.) Genotiplerinin Anter Kültürü Performanslarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ATASOY Didem , BAKTEMUR Gökhan , TAŞKIN Hatıra
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada, farklı tiplerde 23 biber genotipinde anter kültürü performansı belirlenmiştir. Çiçek tomurcuklarının dezenfeksiyonunda, tomurcuklar öncelikle % 70’lik etil alkolde 30 saniye bekletilmiş ve sonrasında 10 dakika % 15’lik sodyum hipoklorit çözeltisinde tutulmuşlardır. Anterler ilk aşamada; 30 g/L sakkaroz, 2.5 g/L aktif kömür, 15 mg/L gümüş nitrat (AgNO3), 4 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.5 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) ve 6.5 g/L agar içeren Murashige and Skoog (MS) besin ortamında kültüre alınmışlardır. Sonrasında anterler, 30 g/L sakkaroz ve 6.5 g/L agar içeren ve büyümeyi düzenleyici içermeyen MS besin ortamına aktarılmışlardır. Elde edilen embriyolarda, aynı besin ortamına alınmışlardır (ikinci ortama). Anterler, ön uygulama olarak, +35ºC’de ve karanlık koşullarda 2 gün süresince bekletilmişlerdir. Çalışma sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, genotiplere göre 100 anter için ortalama embriyo sayıları 0.83 ile 44.44 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek oran, FT-509 genotipinde gözlemlenmiş ve bu genotipi FT-508 (23.61 embriyo/100 anter), FT-1181 (23.37 embriyo/100 anter) ve FT-905 (22.89 embriyo/100 anter) genotipleri takip etmiştir. En düşük performansı, 0.83 adet embriyo/100 anter ile FT-1178 genotipi göstermiştir. Oluşan embriyoların tamamı, bitkiye dönüşebilmiştir. Bu nedenle, 100 anter için ortalama bitki oluşturan embriyo sayısı değerleri, 100 anter için ortalama embriyo sayıları ile aynı olmuştur. En yüksek ortalama bitki sayısı 20 adet ile FT-508 no’lu genotipte gözlemlenmiş ve FT-509 (17.5 bitki), FT-1181 (16 bitki), FT-905 (12 bitki), FT-263 (10.5 bitki) ile FT-507 (8.25 bitki) genotipleri tarafından takip edilmiştir. En düşük bitki sayısı ise 0.5 adet ile FT-1178 no’lu genotipte kaydedilmiştir.
Akdeniz Bölgesinde Çeltik Yanıklık Hastalığı (Pyricularia oryzae)’nın Yönetiminde Farklı İlaçlama ve Ekim Yöntemlerinin Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKÇALI Efkan , KURT Şener
Published: June 2021

Çeltik, insan beslenmesinde önemli besin kaynaklarından birisidir. Çeltik yanıklık hastalığına neden olan Pyricularia oryzae çeltik yetiştirilen alanlarda görülen en yıkıcı hastalıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Akdeniz Bölgesinde çeltik alanlarında yanıklık hastalığına karşı farklı ilaçlama ve ekim şeklinin hastalık şiddeti ve verim üzerine etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Tarla denemeleri, 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında sırasıyla Adana İli Yüreğir ilçesi, Tabaklar Köyü’nde ve Mersin ili Silifke ilçesi Sökün Köyü’nde Edirne çeşidi yetiştirilen çeltik tarlasında yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda, ilaçlı tohum ekimi ve fide dikimi hastalık şiddetini düşürmüştür. En düşük hastalık şiddetinin yıllara göre % 6.1 ve %9.3 ile ilaçlı tohum şeklinde fide dikimi yapılan parselde olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlaçlı tohum şeklinde fide dikimi yapılan parselde yeşil aksam ilaçlaması sonucunda da hastalık şiddeti yıllara göre % 6.6 ve % 4.6 ile en düşük bulunmuştur. Farklı ilaçlama metodu ve ekim yöntemlerinin ise verim üzerine etkisi gözlenmemiştir.
Estudio Fluviomorfológico del Río Napo para la Protección de sus Orillas, Caso Parroquia de Pañacocha Y sus Embarcaderos
Authors: Villarreal Carlos , Jaya Salomón , Coronel Mónica , Couto Márcio
Published: June 2021

Mediante estudios hidrológicos e hidráulicos - batimétricos, se determinaron las causas que producen la erosión de la ribera del río Napo – Ecuador, en la población de Pañacocha y de sus embarcaderos. Este problema se da por las olas producidas por el paso de embarcaciones a altas velocidades, crecidas súbitas, material flotante y “flujos transversales”. Como solución, se analizó la construcción de obras como muros laterales, pilotajes, espigones, pero por sus costos elevados y poca efectividad observada en otros tramos del río, se descartaron. Esta investigación determinó que una buena forma de proteger este tramo, es mediante el uso de plantas nativas del sector como el Zygia Longifolia (Chiparo), cuyas raíces al ser abundantes y largas, forman una verdadera pantalla de protección contra la erosión, así se evidencia con plantas que se van sembrando año tras año. Esta investigación se realizó con el apoyo económico de ARES del Gobierno Belga.
Distribución espacial de cargas de combustibles en una parcela de muestreo de pino–encino
Authors: Chávez Durán Álvaro Agustín , Bustos Santana Abundio , Chávez Durán Héctor Manuel , Flores Garnica José Germán , Rubio Camacho Ernesto Alonso , Xelhuantzi Carmona Jaqueline
Published: June 2021

Los incendios forestales son un factor ecológico de gran importancia en los ecosistemas. Para que un incendio forestal ocurra se requiere de material combustible, condiciones ambientales favorables y un factor de inicio. Los combustibles forestales son considerados el elemento núcleo en el manejo del fuego, ya que son los únicos que pueden manipularse y así, modificar su influencia en el comportamiento del fuego. El propósito del presente trabajo fue mostrar la variabilidad y distribución espacial de las cargas de combustibles muertos en una parcela de muestreo de una hectárea, ubicada en un bosque de pino–encino. Se utilizaron evaluaciones de campo como técnica de recolección de datos, y métodos geoestadísticos como herramientas de análisis. El promedio general de las cargas de combustible obtenido fue de 54.86 Mg ha-1, con zonas de cargas superiores a 100 Mg ha-1. Asimismo, se identificó alta variabilidad espacial e independencia de los componentes combustibles, con diferencias de cargas de hasta 116.61 Mg ha-1 a una distancia de tan solo 72.11 m. El presente estudio se visualiza como una base importante en las investigaciones de cargas de combustibles a niveles de gran detalle; cuyos resultados permitirán a las áreas operativas y tomadores de decisiones agilizar el proceso de transición hacia el manejo del fuego.
Reconstrucción dendrohidrológica de escurrimientos en la subregión hidrológica Coahuayana, estado de Jalisco
Authors: Villanueva Díaz José , Martínez Sifuentes Aldo Rafael , Rubio Camacho Ernesto Alonso , Chávez Durán Álvaro , Benavides Solorio Juan de Dios , Cerano Paredes Julián , Estrada Ávalos Juan
Published: June 2021

Se desarrolló una red dendrocronológica de coníferas para la región hidrológica Armería-Coahuayana en el sur de Jalisco. El análisis de componentes principales determinó que las cronologías poseen una respuesta climática común y se integraron en una cronología regional de madera temprana, tardía y anillo total con una longitud de 215 años (1800-2014) y un periodo estadísticamente confiable de 1860 a 2014, con fines de reconstrucción hidroclimática. La cronología regional de madera temprana mostró una respuesta significativa con los registros del gasto acumulado enero-junio (r = 0.70, p < 0.01, 1952-2005) de la estación hidrométrica Quito, subregión hidrológica Coahuayana, Jalisco. Esta se utilizó para desarrollar una reconstrucción de flujo, la cual presentó alta variabilidad interanual y multianual de escurrimientos, en la que la sequía más extrema (1869 a 1876) puede considerarse como un período de escurrimientos con posibilidad de ocurrir en el futuro e implementar acciones de mitigación. La precipitación invierno-primavera y por ende los escurrimientos en la cuenca Quito evidenciaron influencia del fenómeno del Niño Oscilación del Sur, como lo indica su asociación con el índice SOI enero-junio (r = -0.47, p< 0.01) y picos significativos de 3.21 años, con el análisis espectral en la frecuencia de este fenómeno. Otros eventos circulatorios, como la Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico registró un efecto significativo, pero menor (r = 0.38, p < 0.01); mientras que, la influencia de la Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico no fue significativa.
ESP Learners Pronounce in New Trend (You Tube) Application: Instructor's Perception and Practice
Authors: Faturrachman Yani , Ulva Siti Maria
Published: June 2021

The aim of teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is not to imitate the native speakers or to develop the British or American accents. English communication influences the first language or mother tongue for ESP learners. Meanwhile, According to Evan (1997), ESP has some characteristics, such as: firstly, ESP may be related or designed for specific disciplines, secondly, ESP may be used in specific teaching situations and has different methodology from that of General English (GE); thirdly, ESP is likely to be designed for adult learners, either at a tertiary level education or in a professional work situation; fourthly, most ESP courses take on some basic knowledge of the language systems. This research used descriptive qualitative research as a design to gather or collect the data because of the current phenomenon to explain the error of pronunciation and the causes of error in pronouncing words. This paper will be done by researchers at Management Class who learn the ESP program in Kaltara University. This research also used observation field notes and interview guide as the instruments. Hence, the researchers found that there were fifteen pronunciation errors who were presented by ESP learners’ mother tongue in learning speaking through YouTube Application. Besides, there were four materials in You Tube Application that pronounced by ESP Learners such as: Promotion, Bargaining, Complaining, and Response.
Students Participation and Attendance in Following Lectures During Normal and Pandemic
Authors: Sudiyono
Published: June 2021

This study discusses how the participation and attendance of students following lectures during the normal period and during the Covid 19 pandemic era, even semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. Participants involved were as many as 129 regular class of 2017 students from the English language education study program, the language education faculty of IKIP Siliwangi Bandung. This study used a qualitative research approach, the method of preparing and presenting the research results was made descriptively. The data collection technique was done by observing, interviewing, studying documentation, and searching online. The main instrument is the researcher himself. The results showed that students’ participation and students’ attendance in attending lectures during normal times and during the Covid 19 pandemic era showed a contradiction in circumstances.

 

Keywords: Student participation and attendance, lectures, normal and pandemic covid-19 era.
Deception in Conversation: The Study of Prince Andew’s Inteview About Jeffrey Epstein Sexual Allegations
Authors: Sofista Lilla Saferia
Published: June 2021

Implicature as one of the prominent element of the principles has been developed in lateststudies, mainly the objective as it could be utilitizes to deliberately deceive the listeners onoccasion. Previous researches has shown how speaker could deceive listener despite notsay something untrue or lie by categorizing lie is not something that is said but what isimplied in conversation. This study aims to investigate implied meaning and deceivingstatements in conversation. The object of this study is Prince Andrew’s BBC Newsnightinterview about his involvement with convicted sex offender, Jeffrey Epstein. The data useddocument analysis based on the interview video of Prince Andrew’s interview with EmilyMaitlis. The result of this study indicates that Prince Andrew’s implied statements showdeeper relationship and more involvement with Jeffrey Epstein than what he was trying tosay in the interview.
Pre-Service Teachers’ Attitude toward Internet Use in Learning and Their Academic Achievement
Authors: Sulaiha  , Loeneto Bambang Apriadi , Kurniawan Dedi
Published: June 2021

The internet has helped us spreading knowledge in a very swift manner and to make its accessibility available for almost everyone. It can offer the possibility to help learners, with the right attitude, to achieve better in their respective fields. This study tries to investigate the attitude of pre-service teachers in an English Education Study Program in South Sumatra toward internet use in their teaching and learning process; and to check its relationship with their academic achievement. All active students, 157 in total, in an English Education Study Program in South Sumatra, Indonesia were taken in as the subjects of the study. The data were collected using Attitude toward Internet Use in Language Learning Questionnaire and students’ cumulative GPA. The results revealed that most of the pre-service teachers showed a moderate level of positive attitude toward internet use (77.71%, 21.02% for high level, 1.27% for low level) with affective aspect as the dominant factors for the attitude (followed by behavior and cognitive aspects respectively). Furthermore, the results of the Pearson correlation indicated that there was a significant fair positive association between pre-service teachers’ attitude toward internet use in learning and academic achievement, (r(157) = .443, p = .001). This study also provided some implications and recommendations for further research.
The optimizing strategy of the library as a learning source center using AHP and Delphi methods
Authors: Adi Bandono  , Avando Bastari  , Okol Sri Suharyo
Published: June 2021

Various efforts have been made by teachers or educator managers to further improve and support a more effective and efficient learning process. Although many factors determine the quality of education or learning outcomes, one of them is related to the learning resource center. The problem in this research is how to increase the role of the school library as a learning resource center. The purpose of this research is to make a strategic plan for the development of the school library in achieving educational goals, namely the results of students who excel. The method used in this research is the determination of the criteria weight based on the hierarchy using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the determination of some criteria using the Delphi technique. The results showed that strategic priority using the AHP concept obtained 5 strategies, namely 1) Common learning services with the highest weight, 0.42. 2) Multitasking service with a weight of 0.23. 3) Maker space service with a weight of 0.18. 4) Digital collection services with a weight of 0.11, and 5) Audio-visual services with a weight of 0.06.
Functional properties of composite flours produced with Ivorian taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Cv Fouê) corms flour and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour
Authors: Anon Attoh Hyacinthe  , Fagbohoun Jean Bedel  , Koffi Amoin Gisèle  , Anno Hermann Fourier Atta  , Kouamé Lucien Patrice
Published: June 2021

The general objective of this work was to assess the functional properties of composite flours obtained from the flour of Ivorian taro corms (Colocasia esculenta, Cv Fouê) with wheat flour (Triticum aestivum L.). The results concerning the functional properties revealed significant differences (p <0.05). Indeed, the water absorption capacity, the water solubility index and the hydrated density increase considerably in the various composite flours. On the other hand, the bulk density, clarity, wettability and porosity have decreased in these flours. In addition, the stability of the foam and the dispersibility have increased over time. On the other hand, the hydrophilic / lipophilic ratio is greater than 1 with the exception of red oil.