bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Oil/Gas Composition on the Performance of Carbonated Water Injection CWI
Authors: Castañeda Jaime Orlando , Alhashboul Almohannad , Farzaneh Amir , Sohrabi Mehran
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research is to analyze, for the first time to the author's best knowledge, how an oil and solution gas composition affects oil recovery and differential pressure when a whole core, saturated with live crude oil, is exposed to carbonated water injection.

In the past, many authors independently conducted micro-model or small-diameter core floods to understand how carbonated water injection could affect the recovery of dead or live oil. However, only one author initiated a simple identification of the dominant role that hydrocarbon composition could play in the recovery factor of the system by using micro-models, which led to the development of this research. However, despite having partially identified the importance of this variable, and being a pioneer in this type of study, the author's analyses were limited to the mixture of methane with either C6, C10, C16, or C17, which is far from reality.

Therefore, for the first time to our best knowledge, a new series of whole core flood experiments was performed, which involved the use of two types of crude oils, combined with three types of solution gases, two of which were multicomponent, to identify how compositional variability could affect oil recovery and differential pressure behavior when a whole core is exposed to carbonated water injection to displace these live crude oils.

The obtained results led to the conclusion that the amount of formation of the new gas phase depends mainly on the molar percentage of the C1–C7 components in the live crude oil, which result in an increase in the oil recovery factor; more importantly, it will result in a higher differential pressure. It was also concluded that slight changes in the composition of the live crude oil do not have a significant effect on oil recovery but do have a significant effect on the behavior of the differential pressure. To our best knowledge, this significant impact has not yet been identified. Further analysis led to the conclusion that the impact on the differential pressure is not mainly due to the methane content but depends more on the content of C2–C7 components.

Considering that the composition of the live crude oil is relevant for the formation of the new gas phase, and that the new gas phase can be considered as the dominant production mechanism for carbonated water injection in live crude oil, it was observed that the new gas phase has a significant effect on the oil effective permeability value, even reducing it by as much as half.

In addition, the author proposed a new correlation to calculate the saturation of the new gas phase in scenarios of secondary injection of carbonated water in strongly water-wet environments.

Finally, the system in which the highest recovery is achieved is the one with the richest gas, i.e., with the highest molar percentage of C1–C7 components, together with a non-water wet rock.
Quantification of Our Carbon Footprint while Drilling
Authors: Johnson Ashley , Mäkinen Anna , Fahim Syed , Arevalo Yezid
Published: February 2022

Reducing our operating carbon dioxide emissions is a critical step in mitigating the impact of our well construction operations. In order to bring a quantifiable benefit, we need a starting point. We need to measure our current emissions and identify the main drivers for the footprint. We can then identify best practices to reduce the impact and quantify how changing our drilling systems can reduce the CO2 generation.

Analysing the data available from two modern rigs we have measured the CO2 released for drilling different wells in different basins. We have also segmented the emissions by the rig systems using the power they consume. We show that the mud pumps are the biggest culprit for the CO2 release. The top drive draws less power; and while the draw works have a very high-power capacity, they only draw this for a very short period so overall their footprint is much less significant.

In order to make this work relevant for more than a small number of high specification modern rigs, we have built and validated an emissions model. Whereby we can calculate the CO2 released from measurements of the surface drilling parameters. As such, in real time we can generate a carbon emissions log quantifying the footprint and the split to major systems on any rig where we have access to these surface data.

Using the same model, integrated with our well planning processes, we can accurately predict the footprint from a particular well construction scenario and quantify the benefits which changes to the BHA, the drilling practices or the well design would bring. In the same manner, based solely on the surface drilling data, we can compare the environmental impact of all of our drilling operations at the same granularity we record the rig data. This lets us identify opportunities to reduce emissions and less efficient operations rapidly.
Artificial Intelligence for Plant Panel Operator Advisory
Authors: Macri Andrea , Smith David
Published: February 2022

Several refinery units are subjected to frequent changes in feed composition forcing panel operators to spend hours guiding the plant back to stable condition. Cumulatively, the plant loses multiple days of production per year with substantial economic losses.

Artificial intelligence algorithms can be trained and deployed to advise the panel operators on how to perform the best operation between different plant operating conditions.

An AI agent, via a deep R-L algorithm, is trained by trying thousands of combinations of actions to find the best possible sequence to stabilize the unit after a change in the feed. It is not feasible to use the real plant as the training platform. Instead, the AI agent can be trained safely and more efficiently using a first-principles dynamic simulation of the process. The dynamic simulation can be accelerated to run faster than real time, and it can be cloned to run multiple cases in parallel allowing to generate the equivalent of centuries of operation in just few hours. As described in this paper, replication of simulation instanced via cloud enhances the value of the simulation for this purpose.

The trained AI agent it is then deployed in the plant to give the panel operators a real-time view of when their actions deviate from the best possible operation [Figure 1].

This approach aims to reduce the time to complete the transition between different plant conditions resulting in higher revenue for the plant. The identified sequence of actions also minimizes the number and criticality of the alarms and it reduces the environmental impact by letting the AI agent determine the best approach to reduce emissions.
Solutions for Reduced Carbon Emissions and Advances In Power Generation
Authors: Verhoef Richard
Published: February 2022

Huge power consumers provide many opportunities for huge savings.

Floating rig saving 8000 liters of diesel per day? Saving 17 tonnes of CO2 per day? Those numbers are now realistic figures and not some far away dream.

Reducing emissions, the industry cannot escape from taking this message to heart and so the search for the right technology, specifically for the Oil industry, has started. In fact the search started quite a while ago and many companies have used their scarce R&D budgets to develop the solution that helps the industry achieve its goals. Budgets for developing ‘green’ technologies during an all-time low in the industry, with as bonus a global pandemic on top of it, has been challenging. But isn't it that in hard times the creative minds step up to come with the best ideas? If pressure makes diamonds, then developing ideas into products without proper budgets and resources, must have led to some breakthrough technology to save the earth. Together with our customers, NOV certainly has risen to the challenge and now has a wide range of technologies that provide a solution to a part of the puzzle. Combined these solution show the complete picture of what is possible. So what was the approach?

As with many technical challenges, there is not a single solution providing the answer, so when focusing on the issue at hand; ‘how can we help reduce emissions on drilling rigs’, NOV took on a big challenge and approached it at a granular level; breaking down the problem into smaller problems, then breaking down the smaller problems in manageable challenges. To start this all, that in order to reduce emissions, you need to know what causes these emission, where do they come from and how are they affected by location, type of operation, equipment used, people operating the drilling equipment, etc, etc.

To tackle the problem three major areas are focused on; what are the consumers for the drilling package (consumption), how efficient are these consumers being operated and what technology can be applied to lower fuel consumption
Formation Damage in the Hollín Sandstone: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Stimulation Practices from Laboratory to Field Implementation, Sacha Field, Ecuador
Authors: Izurieta Alvaro , Squires Scott , Padilla Wilson , Peñaherrera Luis , Ruilova Mayra
Published: February 2022

This study describes different laboratory tests used to identify formation damage mechanisms associated in the Hollín sandstone. Traditionally Hollin sandstone is divided into two zones: Lower Hollin or Main Hollin and Upper Hollin, each one with unique characteristics as well as formation damage mechanisms.

Laboratory experiments for fluid customization (salinity sensitivity, completion brine sensitivity, regained permeability and relative permeability modifiers (RPM)) are performed to support the different techniques applicable to each reservoir.

Acid stimulation was proposed as the main stimulation technique since core flow tests demonstrate improvements up to 400%. Aditional treatments were tested to increase time between interventions such as fines stabilization blends and effective stimulation near water zones (RPM) or as chemical diverters.

A workflow for ranked candidate selection is describedwhich includes well, reservoir and mineralogy information available to categorize possible formation damage mechanisms as well as to recommended treatment type, volume and expected productivity post stimulation.

Job results from 2016 to August 2021 are included to support the overall investigation. Finally, additional treatment combinations are proposed to improve productivity and to extend the productive life of the well.
DroneBox - A Fully Automated UAV System for Surveillance and Inspection Application
Authors: Manapongpun Pattawut , Kriengkomol Pakpoom , Karoonkornsakul Chanon , Lounsrimongkol Narongsak , Rajawana Amin , Khamphroo Matenat , Wachirapisun Songwoot , Chenchai Napat
Published: February 2022

Recently, an unmanned aerial vehicle or UAV technology has become more robust and reliable to serve industrial applications including site patronage, monitoring and surveillance missions. However, the operational growth is retarded by the slow development of experienced UAV pilots and operators, which makes the routine UAV missions costly and not feasible. The "DroneBox" is a fully automated, completely independent drone solution, where it will serve as the drone storage and self-maintenance base, for a surveillance operation without any human assistant. With our technology, the drone will be able to take off, perform missions, land precisely and recharge automatically while using accumulated real-time information to operate with the safest configuration. Implementation of the DroneBox system offshore will reduce the risk, cost and time of surveillance operation compared to the conventional method used in the industry. The predetermined events can be identified ahead of time, risks can be assessed earlier, and hazards can be prevented.

Normally, scheduled offshore surveillance is done by assigning inspectors to investigate anomalies on offshore plants via crew boat vessels. These costly procedures can be replaced by the proposed solution, the innovative "DroneBox". Based on the feasibility study on PTTEP maintenance cost related to offshores surveillance, "DroneBox" could save up to 1.82 million USD annually from transportation expenses calculated from the operation on 30 different platforms in Artit (ART) and Great Bongkot North (GBN) wellhead platforms. Our developed technology is the transition towards the new era of autonomous surveillance in oil and gas industry.
Synthetic Casing Corrosion Log Prediction Using Geospatial Analysis – A Digital Twin Concept
Authors: Al-Kadem Mohammad , Bayounis Ryyan , Khalaf Ayman , Alghamdi Abdullah
Published: February 2022

Downhole casing corrosion monitoring is a key element in production engineering as it ensures the integrity and safety of assets, maximizes the life and serviceability of a well, and contributes to a successful HSE management programs. Consequently, wells are frequently logged for corrosion and metal loss anomalies to monitor casing integrity. This study explores a method using geospatial analytical techniques to develop synthetic corrosion logs to optimize OPEX, supplement missing logs, and avoid production deferment and downtimes.

The proposed method generates full synthetic corrosion logs using geospatial analysis based on available logs, then it maps metal loss defects across the entire field. The spatial mapping builds a 3D map based on depth using computational geometry and computer-aided engineering. Hundreds of thousands of data points from hundreds of logs, represented by (1) depth, (2) casing specifications, (3) cement properties, and (4) metal loss severity, have been fed into the framework to develop a variogram model using Kriging interpolation. By developing the variogram model, a map is generated at each depth point with casing metal loss ratio, and hence a full synthetic corrosion log is built.

The data set of available corrosion logs was split into two parts; 70% for training the model and the remining 30 % for testing. Then a cross-verification check was done as well. The developed geospatial analytical model achieved an overall confidence level of 95% of all predicted logs generated using the geospatial analysis. Another scenario was initially studied that incorporates depth, metal loss percentages, and well age as the only input data points. However, this study yielded a lower accuracy level of only 90%. This percentage increased to 95% when incorporating formation characteristics, casing and cement properties into the model. The developed model enabled effective optimization of 1000 corrosion logs requirement through the generation of a full field metal loss severity map. The cost avoidance can be estimated to reach up to tens of millions of dollars due to the ability of predicting metal loss for critical wells without actual operation costs.

On top of assuring well integrity, the developed method promotes health and safety of assets and personnel as it minimizes physical exposure of corrosive gases such as H2S.
Eradicating Biases and Establishing Consistency in Geological Chance of Success
Authors: Al-Baloul Bader , Mittal Sharad Kumar , Spencer David , Al-Ramadan Naseema
Published: February 2022

Geoscientists are bound to have a degree of bias based on their own knowledge, experience, perception, adversity to risk, education, or pre-conceived beliefs. Such subjectivity may lead to a prejudice in making a decision unless this is properly recognized and corrected. As such, this may result in a distorted view of the likelihood on a decision to ‘drill-or-drop,’ if these pre-drill probability predictions are not rationalized. It is therefore extremely important to improve probability assessments by undertaking different approaches, such as setting up detailed and consistent protocols, company-wide standardization or by applying specific elicitation methods.

A statistical analysis was undertaken using pre- and post-drill Geological Chance of Success (gCOS) and P-mean volume of the prospects that were drilled vis-a-vis prospects yet to be drilled. The reason for this is to identify the range of the pessimistic and/or optimistic evaluations by the risk reviewers. The purpose then becomes to derive a more stringent and authentic method by which such high deviations in risk estimations, and consistency with the methodology for prospective resource estimations, could be minimized with any potential biases removed. A historical database from the company's assets, spanning over a decade (2010-2020), was used for the statistical analysis.

The results suggest that the risk reviewer's bias, lack of close analogues and paucity of direct evidence of perspectivity, resulted in non-realistic and over/under estimation of gCOS and prospective resources. Being able to understand and quantify the risks and uncertainties, and knowing how to manage them effectively, contributes to well-founded business decisions, protects the value of projects and assets, and maximizes the value of company project portfolios. A systematic risk and peer review processes was then evolved by KUFPEC to constrain these biased subjective deviations from real objective estimations and to minimize the risk of the overestimation / underestimation of risking and hydrocarbon volume for a given prospect.
Implementing a New Foam-Acid Technology for Matrix Stimulation of Challenging Low Pressure, Naturally Fractured Carbonates Reservoirs: Case Studies, Northern Iraq
Authors: Alvarez Jhonny , Alarcon Xavier , Tellez Jonnathan , Sameer Younus , Soran Mohammed , Rebeen Qader
Published: February 2022

Historically, low-pressure, highly-fractured limestone formations have shown challenges in achieving proper acid diversion. In addition to the well deviation, this challenge becomes critical for wells close to the Water-Oil-Contact (WOC), with a latent likelihood to stimulate water zones. Consequently, a pinpoint placement technique thru Coiled Tubing (CT) plus a novel stimulation fluid is required to reduce/overcome this challenge.

Common foamed acid has a short foam-stability time e.g., 10 minutes under native conditions. Hence, plain nitrified acid is pumped into the formation resulting in uneven treatment. Thus, custom foaming acids with stable foam qualities increments (e.g., 60% to 80%) are required to eliminate the risk of acid segregation to water zones. Then, wellbore fluids are over displaced by nitrogen, followed by the novel foamed acid with an initial bottom-hole foam quality of 60%, allowing the subsequent foamed stages (e.g., 65% to 80%) to divert upwards from the interval. Additionally, the CT mechanical diversion enables squeezing the treatment into the planned intervals.

Carbonate reservoir stimulations in the north region of Iraq are performed using conventional hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatments. The foam acid diverting technology was implemented in challenging wells with a high risk of early water breakthrough based on water cut development in offset wells.

Foamed matrix stimulation treatments were carried out through CT using a highly stable acid foam with self-diversion capability in ESP producer wells, demonstrating outstanding acid distribution over the interval of interest and sidestepping acid segregation to the water conductive zones.

Despite the proximity of water zones, the use of foamed acids enhanced oil production and showcased a production gain of up to 3000 BOPD without water increase. The technology also allowed decreasing the volume of injected acid per meter of net interval by 41.7%, without jeopardizing the treatment efficacy which made it a cost-effective project. Based on the results, customized foamed acid treatments were incorporated in most of the stimulation programs.

This paper discusses a novel foamed-acid system and the pinpoint placement technique used to stimulate challenging carbonate formations to get even fluid distribution, reducing the fluid segregation, thus minimizing the acid contact with the offending water zones.
Machine Learning Techniques Application for Real-Time Drilling Hydraulic Optimization
Authors: Elmgerbi Asad , Chuykov Egor , Thonhauser Gerhard , Nascimento Andreas
Published: February 2022

Over the past decade, several methods and techniques have been proposed to optimize drilling hydraulic's in real-time; one of these techniques is machine learning, which has shown promising results in prediction and optimization. Nevertheless, the real-time implementation of these techniques is still challenging since most of the published work tried to perform prediction tasks rather than the optimization task. In this regard, this paper tries to tackle the shortcomings of the recently published related methods by presenting a holistic model, based on a machine learning concept, focused on real-time optimization of drilling hydraulic's within a sufficiently short time span and without disturbing the drilling process.

The presented approach relies on using two interconnected models to achieve the goal, which can be classified into, data-driven and analytical models. The real-time optimization process starts by using two predictive models to predict standpipe pressure and annular pressure losses and an analytical model to compute the drill-string pressure loss. Subsequently, the three generated values are used by an optimizer algorithm to generate the optimum combinations of surface drilling parameters, namely, weight on bit, flow rate, and rotation per minute, which are expected to optimize drilling hydraulic.

Two case studies were conducted based on a historical drilling data set to assess the performance of the utilized predictive models and to measure the time required for the model to perform an optimization task. The results reveal that the predictive model demonstrated very high accuracy in terms of predicting SPP and APL as indicated by the determination coefficient value (R2), which was between 0.87 and 0.99. Moreover, the overall simulation time was within a range of between 2 to 4 minutes, which is considered a rational time frame for a real-time optimization task. The methodology applied allowed us to conclude, even showing some limitations, that machine learning techniques can be well used for hydraulic optimization in real-time.
New Type of Casing Deformation Rising in Weiyuan Changning Shale Gas Play
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Liu Jiandong , Cheng Wei , Jiang Weidong , Jin Juan , Shen Luhe
Published: February 2022

Casing deformation of shale gas wells reduces the production rate and increases the cost. Early researches showed casing shear deformation due to weak plane slip is the majority in Weiyuan shale gas play. Since 2018, a rising form of casing deformation with elliptical crosssection appeared, defined as casing buckling elliptical deformation in this paper. The mechanism of such deformation is revealed through statistical studies of morphological, geological, and engineering factors. Research indicates that an abrupt change in wellbore trajectory is the critical factor. Elastic deformation is initiated during the casing running process by casing bending and poor cement sheath. The casing is plastically deformed with increased axial load from downhole tools trapping during the downhole operation and/or hydraulic fracturing induced cracking. Downhole tools are free to pass through with casing diameter remains in elastic stage, whereas tools encounter difficulties to pass through when the diameter is narrowed in plastic deformation. Casing buckling elliptical deformation can be easily identified by the elliptical shape in crosssections and centrosymmetric extrusion and intrusion in 3D views generated from the result of MFC logs. A clear understanding of the mechanism is necessary for further study on effective countermeasures for casing buckling deformation in shale gas wells.
Capitalizing Drilling Lessons Learned by Executing them with an Advance Automation System
Authors: Hernandez Gerardo , Corona Mauricio , Nunes Andres
Published: February 2022

Automation has been implemented in the drilling industry as a tool to; achieve procedural adherence, optimize performance and increase consistency. To capitalize its full benefits a systematic approach was taken to optimize the drilling parameters from well to well, assuring the correct execution of all lessons learned and best practices within the Drilling Automation System (DAS). This abstract will; introduce the workflow that has been implemented in an Integrated Project, a glance of the final objective of this implementation and the role of drilling automation in the continuous improvement in an already optimized drilling operation.
New Concept of Adding Inflow Points Across ICDs in Horizontal Wells to Improve Oil Production Performance
Authors: Al Sulaiman Ahmed , Jacob Suresh
Published: February 2022

This paper details a new rigless technique combining water shut-off operation and adding more inflow ports (perfs) in horizontal oil wells completed with inflow control devices (ICDs). The water production is reduced by mechanical isolation of the ICDs producing high water, while well productivity after water shut-off is enhanced by adding ports across dry oil (0% water cut) and/or excellent oil potential compartments. The paper provides workflow for identifying water shut-off compartments and methods to create new ports. Electric-line conveyed tubing sidewall milling tool was found the safe-solution to add ports along non-cemented blank pipe of the ICD completion.

Once an ICD well is identified for a water shut-off, production logging is conducted to identify the production phase and water cut across all ICDs compartments. Well modeling using PLT log results is constructed to evaluate shutting off the identified high water cut compartments as well as evaluate oil production by the remaining ICDs and gains by adding ports. Depending on water entries locations, water shut-off in ICD wells can be performed using bridge plugs or expandable clads. As the well productivity is reduced by isolating some compartments for water shut-off, adding ports in the remaining compartments releases ICD flow restrictions and enhance the productivity. These ports are orders of magnitude bigger than the ICDs and allow unrestricted flow from the excellent oil potential compartments.

This integrated process was successfully implemented in two horizontal oil wells with ICDs. Same intervention operations were conducted for both wells, watered out compartments were isolated and new ports were machined along compartments identified for excellent oil potential. The water cut has dropped by (27-36%) with sustained oil gains more than twice compared to pre-job performance. Such rigless combined operations are proven to be an effective solution to improve well performance at least cost. Setting plug minimizes water production, while adding inflow ports increase oil production rate.

A review of the published literature indicates that this is the first instance of this integrated solution. While there are several papers about the benefits of ICDs, there are no papers covering the processes presented in this paper. The processes and methods presented could be a reference for rigless well intervention for ICD wells to reduce water production while increasing oil production rate.
Critical Success Factors in Brownfield Construction Project
Authors: Ahmad Shatiry M. Sahir , Husni Zul Hazran
Published: February 2022

A minimal number of studies have explored developing the critical success factors (CSFs) in a brownfield construction project in Malaysia. This study intends to understand the CSFs perceived from the construction practitioners, identify all the CSFs in brownfield construction projects, and establish the top five (5) most influential CSFs for a brownfield construction project. Brownfield project refers to a project that performs construction, modification, and rejuvenation work on the existing oil and gas platform and ongoing operations with intentions for major or minor expansion, debottlenecking, or rejuvenations in a live plant, to tie-ins of a new element. In the volatile oil and gas market prices, the O&G companies are preferable to perform redevelopment of existing fields that the underlying basis is lower capital expenditure (CAPEX) compare to greenfield projects and provide the higher return of investment (ROI). In this study, the literature review was performed, conducted a semi-structured interview, and distributed surveys to respondents from various oil and gas companies in Malaysia. From the questionnaires survey conducted, a correlation will be tested study on to tabulate the critical success factors for a brownfield construction project. Furthermore, the results from the questionnaires will be analyzed using the Relative Importance Index (RII), then to define and to develop the top five (5) most influential CSFs in a brownfield construction project. The discussion further suggested that the management strategy can be taken to manage all the identified CSFs from the surveyed and analyzed.
Effect of Dynamic Water on Oil Recovery and Relative Permeability of Siliceous Carbonates Outcrops
Authors: AlZoukani Ahmad , Al Hamad Mohammed , Abdallah Wael
Published: February 2022

In reservoir simulation, one specific input requirement is relative permeability. With the current increasing interest to use brine with modified composition (also known as dynamic water) for enhanced oil recovery, our models lack such information. Therefore, our study aims to establish relative permeability curves for multiple dynamic water injection scenarios, which should help establish better reservoir models to simulate production. Two outcrop samples which similarities after being assessed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thin-section microscopy in addition to petrophysical characterization. The rock samples were initially saturated with 200 kppm NaCl brine and then desaturated using crude oil by a centrifuge to irreducible water saturation. This was followed by 15 days aging at 90 degC under confining pressure. Unsteady-state relative permeability was then conducted and the efficiency of different dynamic waters, i.e., Arabian Gulf seawater and a diluted version of it, were investigated. In addition, the potential determining ions (i.e., sulfate (SO42-) and magnesium (Mg2+) were investigated. From the reported results, and among all tested brines, diluted seawater and diluted seawater with double sulfate ions showed the highest oil recovery. Relative permeability curves reflected wettability alteration and sensitivity to a change in salinity and ionic composition. The oil relative permeability (Kro) was more sensitive and increases, while water relative permeability (Krw) was less sensitive and slightly decreases with dilution of solutions. Cross-over water saturation point showed a mixed-wet to weak water-wet conditions with values close to or slightly higher than 50%. The results of this work show the potential of dynamic water in enhancing oil recovery. The generated relative permeability curves can be utilized for reservoir simulators to evaluate the potential of dynamic water at a reservoir scale, as such data availability is limited in the current open literature.
Investigation of the effects of orthodontic brackets coated by silver hydroxyapatite, copper oxide, and titanium oxide nanoparticles on wire-bracket friction
Authors: Ameli Nazila , Ghorbani Raheb , Asadi Sanaz , Zarrinzade Zahra
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

Coating orthodontic brackets with metal nanoparticles seem to affect surface roughness and friction. We aim to compare the effects of coating brackets with copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silver hydroxyapatite (S-HAP) on friction between brackets and various sizes and materials of orthodontic wires.

Material and Methods:

In this experimental study, we selected four groups of stainless steel (SS) brackets with eight orthodontic wires (SS and nickel-titanium [Niti]) in different sizes. Three groups were coated with CuO, TiO2, and S-HAP nanoparticles using dip coating. Then, we attached a 100 g weight to the wires and hung it from the universal testing machine. The wire passed through the brackets at a speed of 0.5 mm/min for 25 s. Finally, the friction between wires and brackets was compared using a two-way analysis of variance.

Results:

The results showed that friction of brackets coated with TiO2 was significantly lower than S-HAP (P = 0.021) and did not differ significantly between CuO and the control (P = 1). Furthermore, friction between CuO brackets was not significantly different from other groups (P > 0.05). Niti round wires had significantly lower friction with all brackets compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch Niti wire (p< 0.05), which, in turn, showed significantly lower friction compared to 0.16 × 0.22 square inch stainless steel (SS) wire (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:

Coating brackets with TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles can reduce the friction Moreover, Niti round wires show the least friction compared to rectangular or SS wires with all types of brackets.
Stent graft for a longstanding femoral artery pseudoaneurysm with arteriovenous fistula– A case report of the first infra-inguinal application of the upside-down gore excluder limb technique
Authors: Premnath Krishna Prasad Bellam , Saleh Ahmed Tarek , Elsakhawy Mahmoud , Kutlay Meric , Jacob Sabu
Published: February 2022

Pseudoaneurysm with arteriovenous fistula is a rare presentation of penetrating trauma, occurs when trauma involves major blood vessels, and is traditionally treated surgically. Recently, these are more commonly treated using endovascular techniques which include stent graft placement and parent artery occlusion. In this case report, we present a case of femoral artery pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula with severe size difference between the arterial segments proximal and distal to the fistula site, treated successfully by using the upside-down gore excluder limb technique.
Electronic Configuration and Reactivity: First Semi-Quantitative Assessment of Relative Reactivities for the 3d Transition Metal Vapors Toward p-Bromotoluene in a Methylcyclohexane Solution
Authors: Négrel Jean-Claude , Zoellner Robert W. , Chanon Michel
Published: February 2022

A specifically designed metal vapor synthesis apparatus makes possible the semi-quantitative assessment of the reactivities for the elements of the first transition series toward p-bromotoluene kept in a -118°C solution of methylcyclohexane. In all cases, the two main processes are coupling and reduction of the substrate. The intrinsic reactivity of the substrate displays a behavior highly dependent upon the metal electronic configuration, suggesting a direct importance of the 18e rule in ruling these phenomena. Zn and Mn are the less reactive of the studied metals. In a way reminiscent of Rieke coupling of haloaromatics by metal powders, Ni vapor displays the highest ability in mediating the coupling of the substrate.
ВЛИЯНИЕ НОРМ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И ПОРЯДКА ОРОШЕНИЯ НА АГРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ПОЧВЫ И ЗЕРНОВУЮ УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ РЖИ
Authors: АБДУРАХМОНОВ С.Ж. , АБДУРАХМОНОВ С.О. , АБДУЛЛАЕВ И.И.
Published: February 2022

Изучено влияние норм применения минеральных удобрений и порядка орошения при разработке агротехнологии высокого и качественного урожая зерна ржи в условиях светлых целинных земель Андижанской области.
Structural organization of the geological environmentof the West Kuban trough
Authors: Казанкова Э.Р. , Корнилова Н.В.
Published: February 2022

Геологическая среда иерархически устроена и пространственно структурирована. Существует известная структурная разобщенность в распространении коллекторов и флюидоупоров, обусловленная различной энергетической активностью их формирования. Установлено напряженно-деформированное состояние геолого-геофизической среды Западно-Кубанского прогиба. Проведено структурирование геологической среды Анастасиевско-Краснодарской антиклинальной зоны.

The geological environment is hierarchically arranged and spatially structured. There is a well-known structural disunity in the distribution of reservoirs and fluidoupors, due to different energy activity of their formation. The stress-strain state of the geological and geophysical environment of the West Kuban trough is established. The geological environment of the Anastasievsko-Krasnodar anticline zone was structured.
Structure, number and composition of physiological groups of bacteria in Karymshinsky thermal springs (Kamchatka, Far East)
Authors: Лебедева Е.Г. , Харитонова Н.А. , Челноков Г.А. , Кузьмина Т.В.
Published: February 2022

Показано, что термальных водах и микробных матах численность бактерий была не высока, при этом в воде преобладали тионовые, бактерии цикла азота (гетеротрофные нитрификаторы, денитрифицирующие), в матах значительно доминировали сапрофиты. Выделенные бактерии формировали колонии различных цветов и были представлены микроорганизмами рода Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Wiliamsia sp.

It was shown that the number of bacteria in thermal waters and microbial mats was not high, while thionic bacteria of the nitrogen cycle (heterotrophic nitrifiers, denitrifying ones) predominated in the water, saprophytes predominated in the mats. The isolated bacteria formed colonies of various colors and were represented by microorganisms of the genus Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Wiliamsia sp.
Implementation of blockchain in the digital educational space
Authors: Лукашенко Д.В.
Published: February 2022

В статье обосновывается авторское представление о возможностях технологии блокчейн в цифровой в образовательной среде. Сформулированы основные направления позволяющие реализовать блокчейн в информационно-технологической среде и создать на его основе информационную развивающую среду.

The article substantiates the author’s idea of the possibilities of blockchain technology in the digital in the educational environment. The main directions have been formulated allowing to implement the blockchain in the information technology environment and create an information development environment on its basis.
Mathematical modeling of the position of the blocks at the bottom of the waterboard when fixing the wakeboard mast
Authors: Борисова В.А.
Published: February 2022

Исследуется статическая модель нагрузок в мачте, тросах и блоках фиксирующих ее положение. В отличие от имеющихся способов установки, при которых вместо блоков используются сваи, расположенные на берегу и однозначно фиксирующих мачту для вейк-борда, в рассматриваемом случае нет возможности установить сваи. Поэтому блоки устанавливаются непосредственно в воду и ничем ко дну не прикрепляются. Фиксация происходит за счет силы трения между блоком и дном водоема, силы тяжести. Статическое равновесие рассматривается при предельных динамических нагрузках, которые были заданы в постановке задачи.

A static model of loads in the mast, ropes and blocks fixing its position is investigated. Unlike the existing installation methods, in which instead of blocks, piles are used, located on the shore and uniquely fixing the mast for the wakeboard, in this case it is not possible to install the piles. Therefore, the blocks are installed directly into the water and are not attached to the bottom by anything. Fixation occurs due to the force of friction between the block and the bottom of the reservoir, the force of gravity. Static equilibrium is considered at ultimate dynamic loads, which were specified in the problem statement.
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES OF REPAIR AND ISOLATION WORKS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE FORMATIONS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE GROZNY OIL REGION)
Authors: Халадов А.Ш. , Моллаев Р.Х. , Алиев И.И. , Масаров М.Р. , Эдильгериев М.А.
Published: February 2022

Основными осложнениями при эксплуатации скважин месторождений Грозненского нефтяного района являются:– асфальто-смоло-парафиновые отложения (АСПО) в призабойной зоне пласта (ПЗП) и в подъёмных трубах (НКТ),– обводненность продукции,– коррозия внутрискважинного и поверхностного оборудования.Основными причинами обводнения добывающих скважин в процессе эксплуатации являются технические, связанные с нарушениями крепи скважины и состоянием эксплуатационной колонны и обводнение продуктивного пласта водой, участвующей в вытеснении из него нефти, что приводит к самому распространенному виду осложнений – водопескопроявлениям.Ограничение водопритоков в нефтепромысловой практике осуществляется с использованием в качестве изолирующих составов разного рода суспензий, эмульсий, коллоидных и химических растворов, пенных систем, загущенных жидкостей, поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ).

The main complications during the operation of wells in the fields of the Grozny oil region are:– asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits (ARPD) in the bottomhole formation zone (BHZ) and in lifting pipes (tubing),– product water cut,– corrosion of downhole and surface equipment.The main reasons for the watering of production wells during operation are technical ones associated with disturbances in the well support and the state of the production casing and watering of the productive formation with water involved in displacing oil from it, which leads to the most common type of complications – water-sand showings.Restriction of water inflows in oilfield practice is carried out using various suspensions, emulsions, colloidal and chemical solutions, foam systems, thickened liquids, surfactants as insulating compounds.
Setting of tasks for developing an integral indicator of the resource potential of a geological environment
Authors: Хансиварова Н.М.
Published: February 2022

Рассматривается постановка задач для разработки и апробации методики вычисления и количественной оценки ресурсного потенциала геологической среды по инженерно-геологическим критерия. Результаты исследования ресурсного потенциала геологической среды – важной природной составляющей природно-технической системы, позволят оценить качество территориального ресурса для оптимального выбора местоположения будущей ПТС, ее объемно-планировочной модели с целью обеспечения безопасности зданий и сооружений.

The problem statement for the development and testing of methods for calculating and quantifying the resource potential of the geological environment based on engineering and geological criteria is considered. The results of the study resource potential of the geological environment is an important natural being natural and technical systems, will allow you to assess the quality of territorial resources for optimal location of the future title, its space-planning model to ensure the safety of buildings and structures.
Transferable Neural Network Potential Energy Surfaces for Closed-Shell Organic Molecules: Extension to Ions
Authors: Jacobson Leif , Stevenson James , Ramezanghorbani Farhad , Ghoreishi Delaram , Leswing Karl , Harder Ed , Abel Robert
Published: February 2022

Transferable high dimensional neural network potentials (HDNNP) have shown great promise as an avenue to increase the accuracy and domain of applicability of existing atomistic force fields for organic systems relevant to life science. We have previously reported such a potential (Schrödinger-ANI) that has broad coverage of druglike molecules. We extend that work here to cover ionic and zwitterionic druglike molecules expected to be relevant to drug discovery research activities. We report a novel HDNNP architechture, which we call QRNN, that predicts atomic charges and uses these charges as descriptors in an energy model which delivers conformational energies within chemical accuracy when measured against the reference theory it is trained to. Further, we find that delta learning based on a semi-empirical level of theory approximately halves the errors. We test the models on torsion energy profiles, relative conformational energies, geometric parameters and relative tautomer errors.
Inherent Promotion of Ionic Conductivity via Coherent Vibrational Strong Coupling of Water
Authors: Fukushima Tomohiro , Yoshimitsu Soushi , Murakoshi Kei
Published: February 2022

Hydrogen bonding interactions among water molecules play a critical role in chemical reactivity, dynamic proton mobility, static dielectric behavior, and thermodynamic properties of water. In this study, we demonstrate the modification of ionic conductivity of water via hybridization with vacuum electromagnetic field by strongly coupling O–H stretching mode of H2O to a Fabry–Perot cavity mode. This leads to formation of collective vibro-polaritonic states which, as experiments show, enhances the proton conductivity does increase by an order of magnitude at resonance. In addition, an increase of dielectric constants is observed at resonance in the coupled state. Our finding illustrates that the potential of engineering a vacuum electromagnetic environment to control the ground-state properties of water.
Self-reporting styrylthiazolium photopharmaceuticals: mitochondrial localisation as well as SAR drive biological activity
Authors: Gao Li , Kraus Yvonne , Stegner Andrea , Wein Thomas , Heise Constanze , von Brunn Leonie , Fajardo-Ruiz Elena , Thorn-Seshold Julia , Thorn-Seshold Oliver
Published: February 2022

Novel photoswitches with features complementary to the well-established azobenzenes are increasingly driving high-precision research in photopharmacology in cells and in vivo. Styrylthiazolium (StyTz) and styrylbenzothiazolium (StyBtz) are cellularly untested E/Z-isomerisation photoswitches which are nearly isosteric to azobenzenes, but have distinct photophysical and physicochemical properties: including ca. 60 nm red-shifted π→π* absorption, self-reporting fluorescence, Z→E relaxation that matches typical biological timescales, and good solubility due to their permanent positive charge. We here tested StyTz and StyBtz for their potential as photopharmaceutical scaffolds, by applying them to photocontrol the dynamics of the microtubule cytoskeleton. We observed light-specific disruption of microtubule network architecture and antiproliferative activity, with a structure-activity relationship matching expectations for tubulin inhibitors. However, while testing the lead StyBtz2 for its molecular mechanism of action, we found that it did not inhibit microtubule dynamics. We tracked its localisation in live cells by relying on its self-reporting fluorescence, observing accumulation of E-StyBtz2 into mitochondria; after several minutes of illumination it was then released into the cytosol concomitant with blebbing and cell death. We interpret this as light-dependent catastrophic rupturing of mitochondria on acute timescales. We conclude that StyTz/StyBtz can be interesting photopharmaceutical scaffolds for addressing mitochondrial, rather than cytosolic, targets.