bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAD: Serviço de apoio à saúde mental dos graduandos e residentes da Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS)
Authors: Guimarães de Morais Maryana , Rabelo Mendonça Amanda , Ribeiro Versiani Estela , Cardoso Gomes da Silva Claudia
Published: February 2024

Introdução: o sofrimento psíquico de estudantes de Medicina recebe atenção devido à alta prevalência de transtornos mentais nessa população. Assim, a Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde (ESCS) implementou o Serviço de Apoio ao Discente (SAD), que é um espaço de acolhimento e escuta para os graduandos e residentes da instituição. O serviço identifica possíveis dificuldades relacionadas à saúde mental, realizando intervenções pontuais e encaminhando o estudante, quando necessário. Objetivos: este estudo buscou conhecer o perfil clínico e demográfico e as características do atendimento de graduandos de Medicina atendidos pelo SAD de junho de 2019 a dezembro de 2022, a fim de permitir o aperfeiçoamento desse serviço. Resultados: foram analisados 118 prontuários de estudantes. A principal forma de acesso foi a demanda espontânea (57,6%), ficando em segundo lugar o encaminhamento por colegas de curso ou por docentes/preceptores (24,6%), que identificaram a necessidade de um acompanhamento em saúde mental. O encaminhamento para psiquiatria e/ou psicoterapia foi o desfecho de 64 dos 118 atendimentos. Conclusão: conclui-se que o SAD cumpre seu objetivo de ser um serviço de porta aberta à medida que presta atendimento a todos os graduandos, residentes e corpo docente que buscam por ajuda. Apesar do encaminhamento para acompanhamento psicológico e/ou psiquiátrico desvinculado da ESCS ser o principal desfecho dos atendimentos, o SAD não dispõe de um serviço de referência para o direcionamento e acompa- nhamento adequado do estudante.
Cost-Effectiveness of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines for Adults
Authors: Crawford Rayna , Bailey Sharon , Cornelissen Tessa
Published: February 2024

Three economic evaluations and 1 summary of economic evaluations were identified that assessed the cost-effectiveness of 2 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines of interest (RSVPreF3 [Arexvy] and RSVpreF [Abrysvo]) compared with no intervention in older adults residing in high-income countries. No economic evaluations assessing mRNA-1345 were identified. No publications investigating RSV vaccination in adults aged 59 years or younger were identified.

In total, 5 economic evaluations for RSV vaccines in adults were identified.

Four economic evaluations were conducted in the US and 1 was conducted in Hong Kong. All results were presented in terms of incremental cost-utility ratios (i.e., incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years gained). Net cost per outcome averted was reported for 1 economic evaluation, and cost per hospitalization averted was reported for 3 economic evaluations.

The results of all publications found that RSVPreF3 (Arexvy) and RSVpreF (Abrysvo) were more costly and more effective than no intervention for RSV-associated disease. All publications reported that vaccinating older adults against RSV disease was potentially cost-effective. All publications noted that the cost-effectiveness was dependent on vaccine cost, vaccine efficacy, the waning of vaccine protection, RSV hospitalization incidence, health care unit costs, and respective regional willingness-to-pay thresholds.

The generalizability of the identified economic evaluations may be limited because the study settings were notably different from Canada. To estimate the cost-effectiveness of RSV vaccinations in Canada, a de novo economic evaluation conducted from a Canadian setting comparing RSVPreF3 (Arexvy), RSVpreF (Abrysvo), and mRNA-1345 is required.
El desarrollo del lenguaje oral en niños de 4 años de la Unidad Educativa Veinticuatro de Mayo
Authors: Inga Navarrete Genesis Aracely , Lema Guanopatin Mariana Soledad , Cajamarca Faican Carlos Roberto
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito hacer un estudio descriptivo sobre el desarrollo del lenguaje oral en niños de 4 años de la Unidad Educativa Veinticuatro de Mayo para brindar recomendaciones y alternativas de recursos didácticos que beneficien el desempeño crítico y activen la motivación con el objetivo de fortalecer el área lingüística oral en estos infantes. La investigación estuvo motivada porque se observó la falta de recursos pertinentes que estimularan esta importante área del desarrollo, para lograr estos propósitos se empleó el enfoque investigativo cualitativo que consistió en recopilar y analizar la información de los instrumentos que fueron aplicados, como: la entrevista y la ficha de observación. Por otro lado, su alcance fue descriptivo recabando información teórica de relevancia que sirvió de respaldo para el sustento epistémico del tema desde criterios científicos brindados por reconocidos autores.  Los resultados revelados demostraron la necesidad de implementar nuevos recursos y estrategias que permitan cambiar la dinámica en la gestión del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los niños, con énfasis en la estimulación del lenguaje en aspectos claves como la fluidez verbal y la expresión por parte de los niños.
Materiales didácticos para el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa en niñas y niños de 4 años
Authors: Carrillo Saraguro Julexy Marisol , Leones Cagua Sirlendy Guadalupe , Grandes Jácome Nelson Efrén
Published: February 2024

Proponer materiales didácticos para el desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa de niñas y niños de 4 años de la Unidad Educativa Hortensia Vásquez Salvador constituye el objetivo principal de esta investigación, al tener en cuenta que los infantes presentan dificultades en movimientos corporales al realizar actividades de habilidades motrices gruesas. La investigación asumió una metodología bibliográfica con enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo y diseño transversal, se aplicaron  instrumentos de evaluación, tales como: la entrevista aplicada a la educadora y la lista de cotejo basando en las destrezas del Currículo de Educación Inicial 2014, aplicada a los niños. Lo que permitió, identificar según los resultados obtenidos, que las niñas y niños del inicial II presentan mayor dificultad en movimientos que demandan habilidades de equilibrio y coordinación corporal. Por consiguiente, el estudio, llevó a cabo una justificación teórica y bibliográfica para respaldar la utilización de materiales didácticos como herramientas esenciales en la promoción del desarrollo de la motricidad, de ahí que se elaboró como propuesta un circuito motriz con materiales didácticos para ejecutar actividades de circuitos que favorecen al desarrollo de la motricidad gruesa.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA HUMANIZAÇÃO NO CUIDADO COM IDOSOS: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Souza Tayana Vieira de , Castro Katherine Gomes , Alves Júnior Remulo de Oliveira , Guimarães Gabriele Eduarda de Souza , Rocha Júnior Ismael Aluísio Figueiredo da
Published: February 2024

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional requer uma abordagem humanizada no cuidado com os idosos. Este estudo investiga a importância dessa abordagem, considerando suas necessidades físicas, emocionais e sociais. Objetivo: Investigar a relevância da humanização no cuidado com os idosos, analisando seu impacto na qualidade de vida e bem-estar. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, abrangendo estudos sobre a humanização no cuidado com os idosos. Resultados: Destacou-se a necessidade de uma abordagem holística e humanizada, reconhecendo a dignidade e singularidade dos idosos em diferentes contextos de atendimento. Discussões: Políticas públicas e o papel dos profissionais de saúde são cruciais para promover a humanização no cuidado com os idosos. Conclusões: A humanização é essencial para o bem-estar e qualidade de vida dos idosos. Investir em práticas e políticas compassivas é fundamental para todas as gerações.
IMUNOTERAPIA E TERAPIAS-ALVO: RUMO A UMA REVOLUÇÃO NO TRATAMENTO DO CÂNCER
Authors: Perovano Filho José Ricardo , Rinhel Nathalia Müller , Oliveira Danillo Lyrio de , Melo David Andrade de , Sousa Lourdes Manoela Lima Lisboa de , Lima Dafany Bandeira , Moreira Gabriel Chagas , Mesquita Pedro Augusto Paiva , Mouta Jefferson Lima , Silveira Leonardo Henrique Araújo
Published: February 2024

A imunoterapia e as terapias-alvo representam avanços significativos no tratamento do câncer, oferecendo novas estratégias terapêuticas com potencial para melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Este estudo revisou a literatura atual sobre o tema, destacando a eficácia dessas abordagens em uma variedade de tipos de câncer e identificando desafios importantes a serem superados. Os resultados mostraram que a imunoterapia, especialmente com inibidores de checkpoint imunológico, e as terapias-alvo, como inibidores de tirosina quinase e inibidores de PARP, têm demonstrado promessa no tratamento de diferentes tipos de câncer. No entanto, a resistência ao tratamento, a toxicidade imunológica e a identificação de biomarcadores preditivos continuam sendo desafios importantes. A colaboração multidisciplinar e o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas combinadas são essenciais para otimizar o uso dessas terapias e melhorar os resultados para os pacientes. Este estudo destaca a importância contínua da pesquisa e desenvolvimento nesta área em constante evolução, com o objetivo de alcançar uma revolução no tratamento do câncer.
Revue de l’évaluation multitemporelle des dommages dus aux séismes à l’aide d’images satellitaires
Authors: TAŞKIN Gülşen , ERTEN Esra , ALATAŞ Enes Oğuzhan
Published: February 2024

L’objectif de ce chapitre est l'identification, en utilisant des méthodes d'apprentissage supervisé, des dommages induits par les tremblements de terre à travers des images satellitaires pré- et post-événements. Il fournit une évaluation approfondie des méthodologies utilisées pour produire une carte des changements induits par les tremblements de terre, en particulier pour les zones urbaines.
Investigation of observed dust trends over the Middle East region in NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model simulations
Authors: Rocha-Lima Adriana , Colarco Peter R. , Darmenov Anton S. , Nowottnick Edward P. , da Silva Arlindo M. , Oman Luke D.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Satellite observations and ground-based measurements have indicated a high variability in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the Middle East region in recent decades. In the period that extends from 2003 to 2012, observations show a positive AOD trend of 0.01–0.04 per year or a total increase of 0.1–0.4 per decade. This study aimed to investigate if the observed trend was also captured by the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model. To this end, we examined changes in the simulated dust emissions and dust AOD during this period. To understand the factors driving the increase in AOD in this region we also examined meteorological and surface parameters important for dust emissions, such as wind fields and soil moisture. Two GEOS model simulations were used in this study: the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis (with meteorological and aerosol AOD data assimilated) and MERRA-2 Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Replay (with meteorology constrained by the MERRA-2 reanalysis but without aerosol assimilation). We did not find notable changes in the modeled 10 m wind speed and soil moisture. However, analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data did show an average decrease of 8 % per year in the region encompassing Syria and Iraq, which prompted us to quantify the effects of vegetation on dust emissions and AOD in the Middle East region. This was done by performing a sensitivity experiment in which we enhanced dust emissions in grid cells where the NDVI decreased. The simulation results supported our hypothesis that the loss of vegetation cover and the associated increase in dust emissions over Syria and Iraq can partially explain the increase in AOD downwind. The model simulations indicated dust emissions need to be 10-fold larger in those grid cells in order to reproduce the observed AOD and trend in the model.
Influences of sources and weather dynamics on atmospheric deposition of Se species and other trace elements
Authors: Breuninger Esther S. , Tolu Julie , Thurnherr Iris , Aemisegger Franziska , Feinberg Aryeh , Bouchet Sylvain , Sonke Jeroen E. , Pont Véronique , Wernli Heini , Winkel Lenny H. E.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition is an important source of the micronutrient selenium for terrestrial ecosystems and food chains. However, the factors determining the total concentrations and chemical forms (speciation) of selenium in atmospheric deposition remain poorly understood. Here, aerosol samples were collected weekly over 5 years at Pic du Midi Observatory (French Pyrenees), alongside highly temporally resolved samples of aerosols, precipitation, and cloud water taken during a 2-month campaign. Firstly, measurements of selenium, other elements, and water isotopes were combined with sophisticated modelling approaches (aerosol–chemistry–climate SOCOL-AERv2 model and air parcel backward trajectories and Lagrangian moisture source analyses). Aerosol selenium measurements agreed well with SOCOL-AERv2-predicted values, and interestingly, higher fluxes of selenium and other elements were associated with deep convective activity during thunderstorms, highlighting the importance of local cloud dynamics in high deposition fluxes. Our results further indicate the coupling of element and water cycles from source to cloud formation, with decoupling during precipitation due to below-cloud scavenging. Secondly, selenium speciation was investigated in relation to sulfur speciation, organic composition, and moisture sources. While in the 5-year aerosol series, selenite (SeIV) was linked to anthropogenic source factors, in wet deposition it was related to pH and Atlantic moisture sources. We also report an organic selenium fraction, tracing it back to a marine biogenic source in both aerosols and wet deposition. With a comprehensive set of observations and model diagnostics, our study underscores the role of weather system dynamics alongside source contributions in explaining the atmospheric supply of trace elements to surface environments.
Increased metamorphic conditions in the lower crust during oceanic transform fault evolution
Authors: Haas Peter , Thomas Myron F. H. , Heine Christian , Ebbing Jörg , Seregin Andrey , van Itterbeeck Jimmy
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Oceanic transform faults connect the segments of active spreading ridges that slide past each other. In a classical view, transform faults are considered as conservative, where no material is added or destroyed. Recent studies, however, suggest that the crust in the transform fault region is deformed during different episodes. We combine high resolution 3D broadband seismic data with shipborne potential field data to study ancient fault zones in Albian-Aptian aged oceanic crust in the eastern Gulf of Guinea offshore São Tomé and Príncipe. The crust in this region is characterized by a thin, high-reflective upper crust, which is underlain by a thick, almost seismically transparent unit that comprises localized dipping reflectors, previously interpreted as extrusive lava flows. This layer defines the target area for inversion and forward modelling of the potential field data. The picked seismic horizons are used as geometrical boundaries of the crustal model. First, we perform a lateral parameter inversion for the lower crust, which provides vertical columns of density and magnetic susceptibility. Second, we sort the estimated values using a clustering approach and identify five groups with common parameter relationships. Third, we use the clustered lower crustal domains to define a consistent 3D model of the study area that aligns with the seismic structure and geological concepts, preferred to the simple inversion of the first step. The final model shows anomalous low susceptibility and medium to high density close to the buried fracture zones, which reflects increasing pressure and temperature conditions accompanied by a change of metamorphic facies. Our model indicates enhanced tectonic activity with an extensional component during the formation of oceanic crust that culminates in the transform region. These results are in line with recent studies and strengthen the impressions of a non-conservative character of ridge-transform intersections.
The comparative role of physical system processes in Hudson Strait ice stream cycling: a comprehensive model-based test of Heinrich event hypotheses
Authors: Hank Kevin , Tarasov Lev
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Despite their recognized significance on global climate and extensive research efforts, the mechanism(s) driving Heinrich Events remain(s) a subject of debate. Here, we use the 3D thermo-mechanically coupled Glacial Systems Model (GSM) to examine Hudson Strait ice stream surge cycling as well as the role of 3 factors previously hypothesized to play a critical role in Heinrich events: ice shelves, glacial isostatic adjustment, and sub-surface ocean temperature forcings. In contrast to all previous modeling studies examining HEs, the GSM uses a transient last glacial cycle climate forcing, global visco-elastic glacial isostatic adjustment model, and sub-glacial hydrology model. The results presented here are based on a high-variance sub-ensemble retrieved from North American history matching for the last glacial cycle. Over our comparatively wide sampling of the potential parameter space (52 ensemble parameters for climate forcing and process uncertainties), we find two modes of Hudson Strait ice streaming: classic binge-purge versus near continuous ice streaming with occasional shutdowns and subsequent surge onset overshoot. Our model results indicate that large ice shelves covering the Labrador Sea during the last glacial cycle only occur when extreme calving restrictions are applied. The otherwise minor ice shelves provide insignificant buttressing for the Hudson Strait ice stream. While sub-surface ocean temperature forcing leads to minor differences regarding surge characteristics, glacial isostatic adjustment does have a significant impact. Given input uncertainties, the strongest controls on ice stream surge cycling are the poorly constrained deep geothermal heat flux under Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait and the basal drag law. Decreasing the geothermal heat flux within available constraints and/or using a Coulomb sliding law instead of a Weertman-type power law leads to a shift from the near-continuous streaming mode to the binge-purge mode.
Impact of Biomass Burning Aerosols (BBA) on the tropical African climate in an ocean-atmosphere-aerosols coupled climate model
Authors: Mallet Marc , Voldoire Aurore , Solmon Fabien , Nabat Pierre , Drugé Thomas , Roehrig Romain
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The impact of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) emitted in Central Africa on the tropical African climate is studied using the ocean-atmosphere global climate model CNRM-CM, including prognostic aerosols. The direct BBA forcing, cloud feedbacks (semi-direct effects), effects on surface solar radiation, atmospheric dynamics and precipitation are analysed for the 1990–2014 period. During the June-July-August (JJA) season, the CNRM-CM simulations reveal a BBA semi-direct effect exerted on low-level clouds with an increase in cloud fraction of ∼5–10 % over a large part of the tropical ocean. The positive feedback of BBA radiative effects on low-level clouds is found to be mainly due to the sea surface temperature response (decrease of ~-0.5 K) associated with solar heating at 700 hPa, which increases the lower tropospheric stability. Over land, results also indicates a positive effect of BBA on the low cloud fraction especially for the coastal regions of Gabon and Angola with a potentially enhanced impact in these coupled simulations that integrate the response (cooling) of the SST. In addition to the BBA radiative effect on sea surface temperature, the ocean-atmosphere coupled simulations highlight that the oceanic temperature response is noticeable (about -0.2 to -0.4 K) down to ~80 m depth in the JJA between the African coast and 10°W. In parallel to low-level clouds, reductions of ~5–10 % are obtained for mid-level clouds over central Africa, mainly due to BBA-induced surface cooling and lower tropospheric heating inhibiting convection. In terms of cloud optical properties, the BBA radiative effects induced an increase of the optical depth by about ~2–3 south of the equator over the ocean. The result of the BBA direct effect and feedback on tropical clouds modulates the surface solar radiation over the whole Tropical Africa. The strongest surface dimming is over central Africa (~-30 W m−2), leading to a large reduction of the continental surface temperature (by ~-1 to -2 K), but the solar radiation at the oceanic surface is also affected up to the Brazilian coast. With respect to the hydrological cycle, the CNRM-CM simulations show a negative feedback on precipitation over the West African coast with a decrease of ~-1 to -2 mm per day. This study highlights also a persistent impact of BBA radiative effects on low-level clouds (increase in cloud fraction, liquid water content and optical depth) during the September-October-November (SON) period, mainly explained by a residual cooling of sea surface temperature over most of the tropical ocean. In SON, the feedback on precipitation is mainly simulated over the Gulf of Guinea with a reduction by ~-1 mm per day. As for JJA, the analysis clearly highlights the important role of the slow response of the ocean in SON and confirms the need to use coupled modelling platforms to study the impact of BBA on tropical African climate.
Validating floc settling velocity models in rivers and freshwater wetlands
Authors: Nghiem Justin A. , Li Gen K. , Harringmeyer Joshua P. , Salter Gerard , Fichot Cédric G. , Cortese Luca , Lamb Michael P.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Flocculation controls mud sedimentation and organic carbon burial rates by increasing mud settling velocity. Floc settling velocity can be predicted using a semi-empirical model that depends on turbulence, sediment concentration, and geochemical variables or an explicit Stokes law-type model that depends on floc diameter, permeability, and fractal properties. However, validation of the semi-empirical and explicit models with direct field measurements is lacking. We employed a camera, in situ particle sizing, and analysis of grain size-specific suspended sediment concentration profiles to measure flocs in the freshwater channels and wetlands of Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana. Sediment finer than ~20 to 50 μm flocculates with median floc diameter of 30 to 90 μm, bulk solid fraction of 0.05 to 0.3, and floc settling velocity of ~0.1 to 1 mm s-1, with little variation along depth. These values are consistent with the semi-empirical model, which indicates that turbulence limits variation in floc settling velocity on flood-to-seasonal time scales. In the explicit model, the effective primary particle diameter, commonly assumed to be the median primary particle diameter, differs by a factor of ~2 to 6 smaller than the median and can be better described using a simple fractal theory. Flow through the floc increases settling velocity by a factor of ~2 and can be explained by parameterizing flocs as effectively permeable clusters of primary particles. Our results provide the first full field validation of effective primary particle diameter and floc permeability theories, which improve floc settling velocity predictions of the explicit model.
Evolution of Cloud Droplet Temperature and Lifetime in Spatiotemporally Varying Subsaturated Environments with Implications for Ice Nucleation at Cloud Edges
Authors: Roy Puja , Rauber Robert M. , Di Girolamo Larry
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Ice formation mechanisms in generating cells near stratiform cloud-tops, where mixing and entrainment occurs in the presence of supercooled water droplets, remain poorly understood. Supercooled cloud droplet temperature and lifetime may impact heterogeneous ice nucleation through contact and immersion freezing; however, modeling studies normally assume droplet temperature to be spatially uniform and equal to the ambient temperature. Here, we present a first-of-its-kind quantitative investigation of the temperature and lifetime of evaporating droplets, considering internal thermal gradients within the droplet as well as thermal and vapor density gradients in the surrounding air. Our approach employs solving the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations, coupled with heat and vapor transport, using an advanced numerical model. For typical ranges of cloud droplet sizes and environmental conditions, the droplet internal thermal gradients dissipate quickly (≤ 0.3 s) when droplets are introduced to new subsaturated environments. However, the magnitude of droplet cooling is much greater than estimated from past studies of droplet evaporation, especially for drier environments. For example, for an environment with pressure of 500 hPa, and ambient temperature far from the droplet of -5 °C, the droplet temperature reduction can be as high as 24, 11, and 5 °C for initial ambient relative humidities of 10 %, 40 %, and 70 % respectively. Droplet lifetimes are found to be tens of seconds longer compared to previous estimates due to weaker evaporation rates because of lower droplet surface temperatures. Using these new end-of-lifetime droplet temperatures, the enhancement in activation of ice-nucleating particles predicted by current ice nucleation parameterization schemes is discussed.
Simulation of a former ice field with PISM – Snežnik study case
Authors: Depolli Matjaž , Žebre Manja , Stepišnik Uroš , Kosec Gregor
Published: February 2024

Abstract. In this paper we present a reconstruction of climate conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum on a karst plateau in Dinaric Mountains (southern Slovenia) that bares evidence of glaciation. The reconstruction merges geomorphological ice limits, classified as either clear or unclear, and computer modelling approach based on Parallel Ice Sheet Model, which is an established numerical model for simulating glacier dynamics ranging from ice sheets to alpine glaciers. Based on extensive numerical experiments, where we studied the agreements between simulated and geomorphological ice extent, we propose to use a combination of high resolution precipitation model that accounts for orographic precipitation combined with simple elevation based temperature model. The geomorphological ice extent can be simulated with climate around 6 °C colder than modern and with a lower than modern amount of precipitation, which matches other state-of-the art climate reconstructions for the era. The results indicate that orographic precipitation model is essential for accurate simulation of the Snežnik with moist southern winds from the nearby Adriatic Sea having predominant effect on the precipitation patterns. Finally, this study shows that transforming climate conditions towards wetter and warmer or drier and colder does not significantly change conditions for glacier formation.
A comprehensive study of deep learning for soil moisture prediction
Authors: Wang Yanling , Shi Liangsheng , Hu Yaan , Hu Xiaolong , Song Wenxiang , Wang Lijun
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Soil moisture plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle, but accurately predicting soil moisture presents challenges due to the nonlinearity of soil water transport and the variability of boundary conditions. Deep learning has emerged as a promising approach for simulating soil moisture dynamics. In this study, we explore 10 different network structures to uncover their data utilization mechanisms and to maximize the potential of deep learning for soil moisture prediction, including three basic feature extractors and seven diverse hybrid structures, six of which are applied to soil moisture prediction for the first time. We compare the predictive abilities and computational costs of the models across different soil textures and depths systematically. Furthermore, we exploit the interpretability of the models to gain insights into their workings and attempt to advance our understanding of deep learning in soil moisture dynamics. For soil moisture forecasting, our results demonstrate that the temporal modeling capability of long short-term memory (LSTM) is well suited. Furthermore, the improved accuracy achieved by feature attention LSTM (FA-LSTM) and the generative-adversarial-network-based LSTM (GAN-LSTM), along with the Shapley (SHAP) additive explanations analysis, help us discover the effectiveness of attention mechanisms and the benefits of adversarial training in feature extraction. These findings provide effective network design principles. The Shapley values also reveal varying data leveraging approaches among different models. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) visualization illustrates differences in encoded features across models. In summary, our comprehensive study provides insights into soil moisture prediction and highlights the importance of the appropriate model design for specific soil moisture prediction tasks. We also hope this work serves as a reference for deep learning studies in other hydrology problems. The codes of 3 machine learning and 10 deep learning models are open source.
Tribological Behavior of Polytetrafluoroethylene and Its Composites Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Sadaphal Nilesh , Bhavsar Yogesh
Published: February 2024

The frictional and wear characteristics of polymer materials and their composites, particularly bearing materials, are studied in this paper. The study was achieved by inspecting a wide range of process parameters such as load, sliding distance, and sliding velocity. Optimization of experimentation was done using the Taguchi approach. The experimentation work was carried out on a Pin-on-disc machine. The ANOVA method was used to analyze the experimental results, which were then represented using tables and graphs. The wear analysis of the composite PTFE was studied with the help of Signal-to-Noise ratio and multiple regression analysis, which strongly indicates that the wear of a polymer material is greatly influenced by blending filler materials.
«KHAMSE» NIZAMI GANJEVI AS A MORAL AND ETHICAL CODE
Authors:   Baku state university, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, Abdullayeva M.A.
Published: February 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме формирования феномена совершенного человека, занимающей важное место в мировоззрении Низами. Показано, что эта проблема как внутренний или мистический опыт представляет собой единое учение, скрытое за завесой внешнего многообразия для всего человечества – учение о самопознании. Самопознание – это единство разума и сердца, и оно достигается в процессе джихада с душой как самой фундаментальной проблемой человечества во все времена; Идея «познать себя» основана на очень глубоком мистическом опыте. В статье подчеркивается, что Низами как великий и бессмертный учитель человечества во всех своих произведениях ставил эту проблему и указывал пути ее решения; Этот фундаментальный вопрос, поставленный в трудах древних философов, обсуждается в творчестве Низами на скрытых уровнях через концептуальные метафоры, символы и аллегории. Показано, что мистический опыт может быть религиозно-мистическим или мистико-философским в зависимости от мировоззрения, к которому он относится; независимо от его формы, мистический опыт – это прежде всего способ духовного очищения человека. Очищение – это процесс освобождения человека от материальных желаний и стремлений. Основная идея заключается в том, что истинные духовные ценности, превосходящие время, проявляются только в условиях единства разума и сердца. Если основным законом физики и метафизики является квантовая механика, то основной закон суфизма в искусстве слова – это открытие истинной сущности человека – его сердца.
Adreno-Muscarinic Synergy of Contractile Responses From Human Hyperplastic Prostate
Authors: Blake-James Ben T. , Chakrabarty Basu , Fry Christopher H.
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Adreno-muscarinic synergy, a supra-additional contractile response to simultaneous application of α-adrenoreceptor and muscarinic receptor agonists, is a feature of several lower urinary tract regions that have dual sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. We tested the hypothesis that synergy is also a feature of prostate tissue obtained from men with benign prostatic enlargement.Methods: Isolated tissue strips were dissected from prostate ‘chips’, collected after transurethral prostate resection procedures for in vitro experiments, to measure isometric tension at 36°C.Results: Added separately to the superfusate, phenylephrine and carbachol generated contractions with mean pEC50 (-log10EC50) values of 5.36 and 5.58, respectively, although phenylephrine maximal responses were about six-fold greater. In the presence of carbachol, the mean phenylephrine pEC50 was significantly increased to 5.84 and maximal response increased by 28%; overall, a significant synergistic response was demonstrated. The synergistic response was reduced by muscarinic receptor antagonists, most potently by the M3-selective agent 4-DAMP (1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide), and less so by M2 and M1-selective inhibitors gallamine and pirenzepine, but with an overall profile indicating M3/M2 mediation of the synergistic response. The magnitude of the synergistic response was variable between prostate chips that provided isolated preparations suggesting regional heterogenicity, although their zonal origin could not be determined.Conclusions: These experiments show that adreno-muscarinic contractile synergy is a feature of human hyperplastic prostate tissue. This has implications for the use of a combination therapy of α-blockers and anti-muscarinic agent to relieve secondary symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, at least in men who can tolerate antimuscarinics without a risk of retention.
The Ketone Bridge Between the Heart and the Bladder: How Fast Should We Go?
Authors: Faria-Costa Gabriel , Oliveira João , Vilas-Boas Inês , Campelo Inês , Silva Elisa Azeredo , Brás-Silva Carmen , Silva Susana Maria , Antunes-Lopes Tiago , Charrua Ana
Published: February 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with both cardiovascular and bladder dysfunction. Insulin resistance (IR) and central obesity, in particular, are the main risk factors. In these patients, vicious pathological cycles exacerbate abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and sustain an inflammatory state, with serious implications for both the heart and bladder. Ketone bodies serve as an alternative energy source in this context. They are considered a “super-fuel” because they generate adenosine triphosphate with less oxygen consumption per molecule, thus enhancing metabolic efficiency. Ketone bodies have a positive impact on all components of MS. They aid in weight loss and glycemic control, lower blood pressure, improve lipid profiles, and enhance endothelial function. Additionally, they possess direct anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and vasodilatory properties. A shared key player in dysfunction of both the heart and bladder dysfunction is the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which ketone bodies inhibit. Interventions that elevate ketone body levels—such as fasting, a ketogenic diet, ketone supplements, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors—have been shown to directly affect cardiovascular outcomes and improve lower urinary tract symptoms derived from MS. This review explores the pathophysiological basis of the benefits of ketone bodies in cardiac and bladder dysfunction.
Development and Psychometric Properties for Scale of Marital Intimacy in Couples
Authors: Shafiq Sameera , Naz Iram
Published: February 2024

The aims of the present study are the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of Scale of Marital Intimacy (SMI) in married couples. The study methodology has used cross sectional research design and couples were selected with the purposive sampling technique. The development of the scale was based on deductive approach. Sixty items were selected after expert evaluation. In try-out phase, 50 couples were selected by purposive sampling technique. The items were found to be comprehendible by the couples and 54 items showed acceptable ? 0.30 item total correlation coefficient and 0.96 Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient. In pilot study, 150 couples were selected by purposive sampling technique and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted. A total of 52 items were retained after EFA. These items were administered on another sample of 125 couples selected by purposive sampling technique. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) yielded 16 items for SMI and five subscales. The results in try-out of 54 items showed item-total correlation coefficient from 0.303 to 0.812 in acceptable range. EFA on 54 items yielded acceptable Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity with factor loading ?0.40 of 52 items. CFA showed model fit p<0.001 that established the structure validity and significant loading of the items in its subscales after eliminating 36 items. Final version of Scale of Marital Intimacy retained 16 items with acceptable Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient. Conclusively, SMI is a reliable indigenous scale for measuring levels of marital closeness in couples with five sub-scales in Pakistan.
Principals’ Perceptions of Transformational Leadership in Secondary School of Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir
Authors: Mughal Inaamul Haq , Atta Batool , Khan Adeel Ahmed , Zareen Syed Jawad
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the Levels of transformational leadership among secondary school principals in Muzaffarabad, by a focus on its essential role in shaping educational environments. Transformational leadership, characterized by its emphasis on inspiring and motivating followers, encouragement innovation, and driving progressive change, holds significant importance in the realm of educational institutions. The research employs a quantitative methodology, involving 90 secondary school principals, to investigate into the comprehension and implementation of transformational leadership. Descriptive statistics indication a moderate level of transformational leadership displayed by principals across various dimensions. The findings add valuable understandings to the continuing discourse on educational leadership, involvement associations for the development of impactful platforms and knowledgeable policies. This research highlights the requirement for nuanced leadership approaches to promote educational consequences in Muzaffarabad, underscoring the transformative prospective of effective leadership in the energetic landscape of secondary education.
Effectiveness of Horizontal Filter for Artificial Groundwater Recharge Structure
Authors: Satyendra Kumar  , S. K. Kamra  , R. K. Yadav  , Bhaskar Narjary
Published: February 2024

Performance of two new designs of recharge filters involving modified flow pattern of recharging water from vertical to horizontal was evaluated at CSSRI, Karnal. Inflow water of 500, 1000, 1500, and 3000 ppm sediment load were passed through such horizontal filters and performance was assessed in form of removal efficiency (RE) and filtration rates. In the first design of horizontal filter (HF1), layers of varying thickness and densities of two biological materials (coir and rice husk) alone and in combination with 20 or 25 cm thick coarse sand layers were utilized, and performance was evaluated at varying sediment loads for different combinations in comparison to conventional vertical filters. In the second design of horizontal filter (HF2), layers of synthetic (geo-textile and plastic net) and jute cloth (jute bag) and newar (a densely knitted cotton strip used in cot making) material were wrapped around perforated portion of recharge well pipe in different numbers and evaluated at different sediment loads. Results indicated that 25 cm thick sand layer recorded highest RE of more than 90% at all sediment loads in HF1. Coir and rice husk alone (50 cm thick layer of 92.6 kg.m-3 and 125 kg.m-3 density, respectively) recorded RE of 85 per cent. At 3000 ppm sediment load, vertical filter clogged within 1 h, while clogging in HF1 consisting coir or rice husk and sand layer occurred after 8-9 h, indicating advantage of the horizontal filter. In HF2, geotextile and newar recorded RE more than 90%, but the filtration rate was substantially low. The results revealed that performance of recharge filter can be improved by arranging filter materials horizontally, followed by a sand layer to inflow water at the end. However, larger surface area will be required in horizontal filters as compared to vertical filters to obtain desired filtration rate.
Analysis of Spatial and Crop Specific Mechanization Diversities in India
Authors: G. S. Chouhan  , G. Singh
Published: February 2024

A mechanization index (MI) based on the share of cost of use of mechanical power operated farm equipment over total cost of use of animate and mechanical power operated farm equipment was estimated based on secondary data for the year 2008-09. The analysis revealed a large diversity in MI for different crops at state and National levels. Wheat crop recorded highest MI index of 40.77% at the national level and a highest of 56.17% in Punjab. Paddy crop recorded 35.58% MI in Punjab, but at the national level it was only 17.40 per cent. The MI of other crops varied as rapeseeds and mustard (32.52%), gram (31.91%) and sugarcanes (9.09%). The analysis also revealed that states having higher MI or tractor intensity recorded better crop yield.
Comparative Evaluation of Packed Bed and Evacuated Tube Collector Solar Dryers for Crop Drying
Authors: V.S. Hans  , Ravneet Singh  , Sukhmeet Singh
Published: February 2024

Solar drying of agricultural produce is generally used to overcome the problems associated with open sun drying. An evacuated tube collector solar dryer, having ten evacuated tube collectors connected in parallel, was developed and tested for drying of spinach. Thermal performance in terms of outlet air temperature and drying of spinach were compared with that of a packed bed solar dryer. Parallel evacuated tube collector solar dryer in comparison to packed bed solar dryer performed better in terms of outlet air temperature achieved and amount of moisture removed from spinach. Annualized drying cost of parallel evacuated tube collector solar dryer was better as compared to that of the packed bed solar dryer.
Village Toponymy at Situmurun Geosite: An Anthropolinguistic Study
Authors: Manurung Lilis Magdalena , Sibarani Robert , . Herlina
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to describe the toponymic names of villages around Situmurun Geosite based on their naming aspects. To describe the linguistic formation of place names around Situmurun Geosite. The theory used in this research is Sibarani's anthropolinguistic theory. The method used in this research is qualitative method with interactive research model. The results obtained are there are names of places or villages based on aspects of naming, namely in the aspect of embodiment there are 64 names of places or villages, in the aspect of society there are 20 names of places or villages and in the aspect of culture there are 2 names of places or villages. In the formation of place names or villages linguistically, it was found that there are several place names or villages that undergo morphological processes, namely there are affixation processes such as prefixes /mar-/ and /ma-/, confixes /par-an/, /ha-an/, and inserts or infixes /-um/ as well as toponymy or place names in the form of lexicons, phrases and compound words.

Keywords: Anthropolinguistic, Toponyms, Situmurun Geosite
Analysis of Marketing Strategies to Improve the Competitiveness of UMKM on Cilembu Roasted Sweet Potatoes in Korpri Bandar Lampung
Authors: . Silpina , Patmarina Hepiana
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the marketing strategies used to increase competitiveness at Ubi Bakar Madu Cilembu Korpri Bandar Lampung. The research method that can be used is a descriptive qualitative approach, using observation techniques and interviews with business owners to collect company data.
The results show that marketing strategy management involves four main elements: 1) segmentation, 2) target market determination, 3) market positioning, and 4) marketing mix. In conclusion, the current marketing strategy is considered optimal because it applies these components, and is able to increase revenue with positive results.
The contribution of this research is to increase understanding and knowledge about marketing strategies in improving the competitiveness of MSMEs, especially in the case of Cilembu grilled yam in Bandar Lampung. This research also provides insight to MSME business owners, especially those engaged in the food sector such as grilled sweet potatoes, to improve the effectiveness of their marketing strategies. As well as contributing new understanding or confirmation of existing marketing management concepts, especially at the MSME level.
It can be concluded that the analysis of the effectiveness of marketing strategies shows an increase in total sales from 2021 to 2023, which is an indicator of the success of the marketing strategy at Ubi Bakar Cilembu MSMEs. The marketing strategy implemented by Ubi Bakar Madu Cilembu Korpri has proven successful, as reflected in the consistent increase in sales volume.

Keywords: Marketing Strategy, Competitiveness, Cilembu Sweet Potato
Analysis of Effect of Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Exchange Rates, Inflation, and Foreign Exchange Reserves on the Oil and Gas and the Non-Oil and Gas Imports in Indonesia
Authors: Bangun Iqbal Habib , . Sirojuzilam , Afifuddin Syaad
Published: February 2024

International trade is one of the efforts to increase the country's growth and economy, Indonesia is one of the countries that carry out international trade in the import of goods and services in the form of oil and gas and non-oil and gas. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Real Gross Domestic Product, Exchange Rate, Inflation, and Foreign Exchange Reserves on Oil and Gas and Non-Oil and Gas Imports in Indonesia in the period 1991 to 2021.This study uses annual data based on Indonesian financial statistics published by Bank Indonesia and the Central Bureau of Statistics. Based on the results of the unit root test, the most appropriate model used in this study is the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. indicated by R-Squared on oil and gas imports of 0.949479 or 94.9479% and R-Squaured on non-oil and gas imports of 0.908210 or 90.8210%, partially in the short term Real Gross Domestic Product, Exchange Rate, and Inflation are positively and significantly related to imports oil and gas and non-oil and gas, foreign exchange reserves only have a positive and significant effect on oil and gas imports in the short term, in the long term Gross Domestic Product and Exchange Rate have a significant and negative effect on oil and gas imports and then no significant effect on non-oil and gas imports, Inflation has a significant effect and positive on oil and gas and non-oil and gas imports in the long term, foreign exchange reserves have a significant and positive effect on oil and gas imports but do not have a significant and negative effect on non-oil and gas imports in the long term.

Keywords: Real GDP, Exchange Rate, Inflation, Foreign Exchange Reserves, Oil And Non-Oil Imports