bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IBM Q Experience as a versatile experimental testbed for simulating open quantum systems
Authors: García-Pérez Guillermo , Rossi Matteo A. C. , Maniscalco Sabrina
Published: January 2020

The advent of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) technology is changing rapidly the landscape and modality of research in quantum physics. NISQ devices, such as the IBM Q Experience, have very recently proven their capability as experimental platforms accessible to everyone around the globe. Until now, IBM Q Experience processors have mostly been used for quantum computation and simulation of closed systems. Here, we show that these devices are also able to implement a great variety of paradigmatic open quantum systems models, hence providing a robust and flexible testbed for open quantum systems theory. During the last decade an increasing number of experiments have successfully tackled the task of simulating open quantum systems in different platforms, from linear optics to trapped ions, from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to cavity quantum electrodynamics. Generally, each individual experiment demonstrates a specific open quantum system model, or at most a specific class. Our main result is to prove the great versatility of the IBM Q Experience processors. Indeed, we experimentally implement one and two-qubit open quantum systems, both unital and non-unital dynamics, Markovian and non-Markovian evolutions. Moreover, we realise proof-of-principle reservoir engineering for entangled state generation, demonstrate collisional models, and verify revivals of quantum channel capacity and extractable work, caused by memory effects. All these results are obtained using IBM Q Experience processors publicly available and remotely accessible online.
The neurobiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: paths to antipsychotic resistance and a roadmap for future research
Authors: Potkin Steven G. , Kane John M. , Correll Christoph U. , Lindenmayer Jean-Pierre , Agid Ofer , Marder Stephen R. , Olfson Mark , Howes Oliver D.
Published: January 2020

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the persistence of positive symptoms despite ≥2 trials of adequate dose and duration of antipsychotic medication with documented adherence, is a serious clinical problem with heterogeneous presentations. TRS can vary in its onset (at the first episode of psychosis or upon relapse), in its severity, and in the response to subsequent therapeutic interventions (i.e., clozapine, electroconvulsive therapy). The heterogeneity of TRS indicates that the underlying neurobiology of TRS may differ not only from treatment-responsive schizophrenia but also among patients with TRS. Several hypotheses have been proposed for the neurobiological mechanisms underlying TRS, including dopamine supersensitivity, hyperdopaminergic and normodopaminergic subtypes, glutamate dysregulation, inflammation and oxidative stress, and serotonin dysregulation. Research supporting these hypotheses is limited in part by variations in the criteria used to define TRS, as well as by the biological and clinical heterogeneity of TRS. Clinical trial designs for new treatments should be informed by this heterogeneity, and further clinical research is needed to more clearly understand the underlying neurobiology of TRS and to optimize treatment for patients with TRS.
Mechanistic insights into bacterial metabolic reprogramming from omics-integrated genome-scale models
Authors: Hadadi Noushin , Pandey Vikash , Chiappino-Pepe Anush , Morales Marian , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Mehl Florence , Ivanisevic Julijana , Sentchilo Vladimir , Meer Jan R. van der
Published: January 2020

Understanding the adaptive responses of individual bacterial strains is crucial for microbiome engineering approaches that introduce new functionalities into complex microbiomes, such as xenobiotic compound metabolism for soil bioremediation. Adaptation requires metabolic reprogramming of the cell, which can be captured by multi-omics, but this data remains formidably challenging to interpret and predict. Here we present a new approach that combines genome-scale metabolic modeling with transcriptomics and exometabolomics, both of which are common tools for studying dynamic population behavior. As a realistic demonstration, we developed a genome-scale model of Pseudomonas veronii 1YdBTEX2, a candidate bioaugmentation agent for accelerated metabolism of mono-aromatic compounds in soil microbiomes, while simultaneously collecting experimental data of P. veronii metabolism during growth phase transitions. Predictions of the P. veronii growth rates and specific metabolic processes from the integrated model closely matched experimental observations. We conclude that integrative and network-based analysis can help build predictive models that accurately capture bacterial adaptation responses. Further development and testing of such models may considerably improve the successful establishment of bacterial inoculants in more complex systems.
Improved kinetic behaviour of Mg(NH2)2-2LiH doped with nanostructured K-modified-LixTiyOz for hydrogen storage
Authors: Gizer Gökhan , Puszkiel Julián , Riglos Maria Victoria Castro , Pistidda Claudio , Ramallo-López José Martín , Mizrahi Martin , Santoru Antonio , Gemming Thomas , Tseng Jo-Chi , Klassen Thomas , Dornheim Martin
Published: January 2020

The system Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH is considered as an interesting solid-state hydrogen storage material owing to its low thermodynamic stability of ca. 40 kJ/mol H2 and high gravimetric hydrogen capacity of 5.6 wt.%. However, high kinetic barriers lead to slow absorption/desorption rates even at relatively high temperatures (>180 °C). In this work, we investigate the effects of the addition of K-modified LixTiyOz on the absorption/desorption behaviour of the Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH system. In comparison with the pristine Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH, the system containing a tiny amount of nanostructured K-modified LixTiyOz shows enhanced absorption/desorption behaviour. The doped material presents a sensibly reduced (∼30 °C) desorption onset temperature, notably shorter hydrogen absorption/desorption times and reversible hydrogen capacity of about 3 wt.% H2 upon cycling. Studies on the absorption/desorption processes and micro/nanostructural characterizations of the Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH + K-modified LixTiyOz system hint to the fact that the presence of in situ formed nanostructure K2TiO3 is the main responsible for the observed improved kinetic behaviour.
Liquid exfoliation of electronic grade ultrathin tin(II) sulfide (SnS) with intriguing optical response
Authors: Sarkar Abdus Salam , Mushtaq Aamir , Kushavah Dushyant , Pal Suman Kalyan
Published: January 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) tin(II) monosulfide (SnS) with strong structural anisotropy has been proven to be a phosphorene analog. However, difficulty in isolating a very thin layer of SnS poses challenges in practical utilization. Here, we prepare ultrathin SnS via liquid-phase exfoliation. With transmission electron microscopy, we identify the buckled structure of 2D SnS. We employ temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy to elucidate electron–phonon interactions, which reveals a linear phonon shifts. The active Raman modes of ultrathin SnS exhibit higher sensitivity to temperature than other 2D materials. Moreover, we demonstrate strong light-matter interaction in ultrathin SnS using Z-scan and ultrafast spectroscopy. Rich exciton–exciton and coherent exciton–photon interactions arising from many-particle excited effects in ultrathin SnS eventually enhances the nonlinear optical properties. Our findings highlight the prospects for the synthesis of ultrathin anisotropic SnS towards the betterment of thermoelectric and photonic devices.
The gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni metabolizes sugars with potential help from commensal Bacteroides vulgatus
Authors: Garber Jolene M. , Nothaft Harald , Pluvinage Ben , Stahl Martin , Bian Xiaoming , Porfirio Sara , Enriquez Amber , Butcher James , Huang Hua , Glushka John , Line Eric , Gerlt John A. , Azadi Parastoo , Stintzi Alain , Boraston Alisdair B. , Szymanski Christine M.
Published: January 2020

Although the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni was considered asaccharolytic, >50% of sequenced isolates possess an operon for l-fucose utilization. In C. jejuni NCTC11168, this pathway confers l-fucose chemotaxis and competitive colonization advantages in the piglet diarrhea model, but the catabolic steps remain unknown. Here we solved the putative dehydrogenase structure, resembling FabG of Burkholderia multivorans. The C. jejuni enzyme, FucX, reduces l-fucose and d-arabinose in vitro and both sugars are catabolized by fuc-operon encoded enzymes. This enzyme alone confers chemotaxis to both sugars in a non-carbohydrate-utilizing C. jejuni strain. Although C. jejuni lacks fucosidases, the organism exhibits enhanced growth in vitro when co-cultured with Bacteroides vulgatus, suggesting scavenging may occur. Yet, when excess amino acids are available, C. jejuni prefers them to carbohydrates, indicating a metabolic hierarchy exists. Overall this study increases understanding of nutrient metabolism by this pathogen, and identifies interactions with other gut microbes.
Nanoarchitecture and dynamics of the mouse enteric glycocalyx examined by freeze-etching electron tomography and intravital microscopy
Authors: Sun Willy W. , Krystofiak Evan S. , Leo-Macias Alejandra , Cui Runjia , Sesso Antonio , Weigert Roberto , Ebrahim Seham , Kachar Bechara
Published: January 2020

The glycocalyx is a highly hydrated, glycoprotein-rich coat shrouding many eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The intestinal epithelial glycocalyx, comprising glycosylated transmembrane mucins, is part of the primary host-microbe interface and is essential for nutrient absorption. Its disruption has been implicated in numerous gastrointestinal diseases. Yet, due to challenges in preserving and visualizing its native organization, glycocalyx structure-function relationships remain unclear. Here, we characterize the nanoarchitecture of the murine enteric glycocalyx using freeze-etching and electron tomography. Micrometer-long mucin filaments emerge from microvillar-tips and, through zigzagged lateral interactions form a three-dimensional columnar network with a 30 nm mesh. Filament-termini converge into globular structures ~30 nm apart that are liquid-crystalline packed within a single plane. Finally, we assess glycocalyx deformability and porosity using intravital microscopy. We argue that the columnar network architecture and the liquid-crystalline packing of the filament termini allow the glycocalyx to function as a deformable size-exclusion filter of luminal contents.
Diversity spectrum analysis identifies mutation-specific effects of cancer driver genes
Authors: Dong Xiaobao , Huang Dandan , Yi Xianfu , Zhang Shijie , Wang Zhao , Yan Bin , Chung Sham Pak , Chen Kexin , Jun Li Mulin
Published: January 2020

Mutation-specific effects of cancer driver genes influence drug responses and the success of clinical trials. We reasoned that these effects could unbalance the distribution of each mutation across different cancer types, as a result, the cancer preference can be used to distinguish the effects of the causal mutation. Here, we developed a network-based framework to systematically measure cancer diversity for each driver mutation. We found that half of the driver genes harbor cancer type-specific and pancancer mutations simultaneously, suggesting that the pervasive functional heterogeneity of the mutations from even the same driver gene. We further demonstrated that the specificity of the mutations could influence patient drug responses. Moreover, we observed that diversity was generally increased in advanced tumors. Finally, we scanned potentially novel cancer driver genes based on the diversity spectrum. Diversity spectrum analysis provides a new approach to define driver mutations and optimize off-label clinical trials.
Relaxion stars and their detection via atomic physics
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Budker Dmitry , Eby Joshua , Kim Hyungjin , Perez Gilad
Published: January 2020

The cosmological relaxion can address the hierarchy problem, while its coherent oscillations can constitute dark matter in the present universe. We consider the possibility that the relaxion forms gravitationally bound objects that we denote as relaxion stars. The density of these stars would be higher than that of the local dark matter density, resulting in enhanced signals in table-top detectors, among others. Furthermore, we raise the possibility that these objects may be trapped by an external gravitational potential, such as that of the Earth or the Sun. This leads to formation of relaxion halos of even greater density. We discuss several interesting implications of relaxion halos, as well as detection strategies to probe them. Here, we show that current and near-future atomic physics experiments can probe physical models of relaxion dark matter in scenarios of bound relaxion halos around the Earth or Sun.
An aggregation-induced emission luminogen combined with a cyanoacrylate fuming method for latent fingerprint analysis
Authors: Jin Xiaodong , Wang Hao , Xin Ran , Ma Yining , Wu Guoping , Xu Tongxiang , Xia Xiaowei , Wang Shifan , Ma Rongliang
Published: January 2020

An aggregation-induced emission luminogen tetraphenylethene-based dye FLA-2, was synthesized and characterized. Two methods were adopted herein to visualize the latent fingerprints, respectively.
A new promising Ni-MOF superstructure for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Chengyu , Li Xiaoyu , Yu Ling , Liu Xingjiang , Yang Jie , Wei Mingdeng
Published: January 2020

A layered structural Ni-MOF nanosheet has been obtained, exhibiting capacitances of 1518.8 F g−1at 1 A g−1and 244 mF cm−2at 0.5 mA cm−2as electrodes for supercapacitor and flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor, respectively.
Bandgap engineering of TiO2nanotube photonic crystals for enhancement of photocatalytic capability
Authors: Li Jian-Feng , Wang Jian , Wang Xiao-Tian , Wang Xiao-Gang , Li Yan , Wang Cheng-Wei
Published: January 2020

TiO2nanotube photonic crystals with a tunable photonic band gap were constructed by the anodization technique and used as efficient photocatalytic devices.
Comparison of the structure and methanol electrooxidation ability from irregular PtNi nanocrystals to PtNiRu nanodendrites
Authors: Li Zirong , Guan Zhongyue , Chang Yuting , Hu Die , Jin Baokang , Bai Lei
Published: January 2020

The introduction of RuCl3in the synthesis of PtNi nanocrystals led to the formation of PtNiRu nanosphere and nanodendrite, which displayed a higher activity and durability for the methanol electrooxidation due to the porous structure and synergetic effects.
The primary photo-dissociation dynamics of amino acids in aqueous solution: breaking the Cα-bond
Authors: Madsen Marlene Møller , Jensen Frank , Thøgersen Jan
Published: January 2020

Photo-excitation of aqueous amino acids at 200 nm breaks the Cα-bond.
Excitons in two-dimensional atomic layer materials from time-dependent density functional theory: mono-layer and bi-layer hexagonal boron nitride and transition-metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Suzuki Yasumitsu , Watanabe Kazuyuki
Published: January 2020

Time-dependent density functional theory has been applied to the calculation of absorption spectra for two dimensional atomic layer materials: mono-layer and bi-layer hexagonal boron nitride and mono-layer transition metal dichalcogenides.
Mononuclear Fe in N-doped carbon: computational elucidation of active sites for electrochemical oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Shang Rui , Steinmann Stephan N. , Xu Bo-Qing , Sautet Philippe
Published: January 2020

First principles simulations show that in Fe and N co-doped carbon, Fe coordination controls the activity for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, and that including the electrostatic potential has a major influence at high potential.
Study of the carbon cycle of a hydrogen supply system over a supported Pt catalyst: methylcyclohexane–toluene–hydrogen cycle
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , He Ning , Lin Long , Zhu Quanren , Wang Gang , Guo Hongchen
Published: January 2020

Owing to the importance of the carbon cycle and the universality of carbon loss in sustainable hydrogen supply systems, Pt-based catalysts were designed carefully for a reversible methylcyclohexane–toluene–hydrogen (MTH) cycle.
Quantitative determination of the Cu species, acid sites and NH3-SCR mechanism on Cu-SSZ-13 and H-SSZ-13 at low temperatures
Authors: Liu Kuo , Yan Zidi , Shan Wenpo , Shan Yulong , Shi Xiaoyan , He Hong
Published: January 2020

The NH3-SCR mechanism and the number of acid sites and various Cu species on Cu-SSZ-13 and H-SSZ-13 were quantitatively determined.
Sonochemical engineering of highly efficient and robust Au nanoparticle-wrapped on Fe/ZrO2 nanorods and their controllable product selectivity in dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation
Authors: Abbas Mohamed , Zhang Juan , Chen Jiangang
Published: January 2020

A facile sonochemical approach is adopted for the synthesis of Fe/ZrO2 and Au decorated Fe/ZrO2 NRs catalysts and their outstanding stability and catalytic performance for the synthesis of EtOH and MG from DMO hydrogenation were reported.
Human-origin Lactobacillus salivarius AR809 protects against immunosuppression in S. aureus-induced pharyngitis via Akt-mediated NF-κB and autophagy signaling pathways
Authors: Jia Guochao , Liu Xiaofeng , Che Na , Xia Yongjun , Wang Guangqiang , Xiong Zhiqiang , Zhang Hui , Ai Lianzhong
Published: January 2020

Lactobacillus salivarius AR809 is a newly discovered probiotic strain from a healthy human pharynx and has potential ability to adhere to the pharyngeal epithelium and inhibit Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced inflammatory response.
Synthesis of α-enaminones from cyclic ketones and anilines using oxoammonium salt as an oxygen transfer reagent
Authors: Xu Biping , Shang Yaping , Jie Xiaoming , Zhang Xiaofeng , Kan Jian , Yedage Subhash Laxman , Su Weiping
Published: January 2020

A convenient synthesis of α-enaminones from cyclic ketones with anilines at room temperature via an oxygen-atom-transfer pathway of oxoammonium salt.
Introducing a new category of activity cliffs combining different compound similarity criteria
Authors: Hu Huabin , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: January 2020

Similarity relationships. Shown are matched molecular pair (MMP) and structural isomer relationships, which provide the basis for the introduction of a new category of activity cliffs.
Does gold behaves as hydrogen? A joint theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Qin Zhengbo , Zhang Jiangle , Wang Chen , Wang Lin , Tang Zichao
Published: January 2020

It has been established that noble-metal–H analogue has been found in plenty of noble-metal–ligand clusters in view of geometric and electronic structures. Now, it is beyond the analogy in the complexes of M(SCH3)2− (M = Cu, Ag, Au and H).
Graphene/waste-newspaper cellulose composite aerogels with selective adsorption of organic dyes: preparation, characterization, and adsorption mechanism
Authors: Feng Chuting , Ren Penggang , Li Zhen , Tan Wenzhen , Zhang Hua , Jin Yanling , Ren Fang
Published: January 2020

Waste-newspaper cellulose/graphene composite aerogels were facilely synthesized via the sol–gel and freeze-drying processes for dye wastewater treatment.
Competition and cooperativity of hydrogen-bonding and tetrel-bonding interactions involving triethylene diamine (DABCO), H2O and CO2in air
Authors: Yang Jianming , Yu Qinwei , Yang Fang-Ling , Lu Ka , Yan Chao-Xian , Dou Wei , Yang Lizi , Zhou Pan-Pan
Published: January 2020

Triethylene diamine (DABCO) can interact with H2O and CO2in air to form dimeric and trimeric complexesviahydrogen bond, tetrel bond as well as van der Waals interactions.
Isolation and structure determination of two new nosiheptide-type compounds provide insights into the function of the cytochrome P450 oxygenase NocV in nocathiacin biosynthesis
Authors: Bai Xuebing , Guo Heng , Chen Dandan , Yang Qian , Tao Jiang , Liu Wen
Published: January 2020

Two new nosiheptide-type compounds isolated from an engineered strain provide insights into the function of the cytochrome P450 oxygenase NocV.
In situ synthesis of stretchable and highly stable multi-color carbon-dots/polyurethane composite films for light-emitting devices
Authors: Lian Fei , Wang Chuanxi , Wu Qian , Yang Minghui , Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Chi
Published: January 2020

Stretchable, mechanically stable multi-color carbon-dots-based polymer films are in situ fabricated, and showed potential for application in optoelectronic devices.
Bi2O3 and g-C3N4 quantum dot modified anatase TiO2 heterojunction system for degradation of dyes under sunlight irradiation
Authors: Peng Weidong , Yang Chun , Yu Jiang
Published: January 2020

A facile and feasible method was successfully utilized to incorporate Bi2O3 and g-C3N4 quantum dots on TiO2 surface to synthesize a novel composite g-C3N4/TiO2/Bi2O3.
α(β)-PbO2 doped with Co3O4 and CNT porous composite materials with enhanced electrocatalytic activity for zinc electrowinning
Authors: Wang Xuanbing , Xu Ruidong , Feng Suyang , Yu Bohao , Chen Buming
Published: January 2020

3D-Ti/PbO2–Co3O4–CNTs composite electrode was fabricated through galvanostatic electrodepositon, which shows outstanding electrocatalytic activity to OER in harsh media (50 g L−1 Zn2+ + 150 g L−1 H2SO4).
Controlling the electric permittivity of honeycomb-like core–shell Ni/CuSiO3 composite nanospheres to enhance microwave absorption properties
Authors: Kuchi Rambabu , Latif Taha , Lee Sung Woo , Dongquoc Viet , Cao Van Phuoc , Kim Dongsoo , Jeong Jong-Ryul
Published: January 2020

Controlling impedance matching and enhancing absorption properties are crucial for developing next-generation microwave absorbing materials.
Hierarchical porous carbons from carboxylated coal-tar pitch functional poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel networks for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Zhou Chuan , Zhu Hongzhe , Li Yixuan , Wang Shoukai , Shen Kaihua
Published: January 2020

As a supercapacitor electrode exhibit a high specific capacitance of 292 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1.
Hybrid polymers bearing oligo-l-lysine(carboxybenzyl)s: synthesis and investigations of secondary structure
Authors: Canalp Merve Basak , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate the influence of chain length of segmented polymers bearing dynamic folding elements onto the formation of secondary structures with the help of spectroscopic techniques such as CD and FTIR-spectroscopy in a helicogenic solvent.
Fabrication of LaFeO3 and rGO-LaFeO3 microspheres based gas sensors for detection of NO2 and CO
Authors: Sharma Neeru , Kushwaha Himmat Singh , Sharma S. K. , Sachdev K.
Published: January 2020

In the present report, gas sensing devices based on LaFeO3 and rGO-LaFeO3 were fabricated by a photolithography technique.
CeO2 facets control: from single (100) to multiple
Authors: Si Wenzhe , Wang Yu , Peng Yue , Chen Jianjun , Li Junhua
Published: January 2020

Three different facets of CeO2 films with distinctive morphologies could be synthesized and tuned on a SrTiO3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition.
Lipshutz-type bis(amido)argentates for directed ortho argentation
Authors: Tezuka Noriyuki , Hirano Keiichi , Peel Andrew J. , Wheatley Andrew E. H. , Miyamoto Kazunori , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: January 2020

Bis(amido)argentate (TMP)2Ag(CN)Li2 was designed as a tool for highly chemoselective aromatic functionalization via unprecedented directed ortho argentation (DoAg).
Lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis for biodiesel production of untreated palm oil mill effluent
Authors: Rachmadona Nova , Amoah Jerome , Quayson Emmanuel , Hama Shinji , Yoshida Ayumi , Kondo Akihiko , Ogino Chiaki
Published: January 2020

Scheme of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a feedstock for biodiesel production.
Methanol production from CO2via an integrated, formamide-assisted approach
Authors: Uranga Jorge G. , Gopakumar Aswin , Pfister Tim , Imanzade Gunay , Lombardo Loris , Gastelu Gabriela , Züttel Andreas , Dyson Paul J.
Published: January 2020

Synthesis of methanol from CO2via amines and formamides using NaBH4 as hydrogen source.
Detecting structural transformation of cobalt phosphonate to active bifunctional catalysts for electrochemical water-splitting
Authors: Indra Arindam , Menezes Prashanth W. , Zaharieva Ivelina , Dau Holger , Driess Matthias
Published: January 2020

An in situ transformation of cobalt phosphonate precursor to two distinct active catalyst structures at the anode and cathode during electrochemical water splitting has been uncovered by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.
Solvent-free mechanochemical route for the construction of ionic liquid and mixed-metal MOF composites for synergistic CO2 fixation
Authors: Sun Yuxiu , Jia Xuemeng , Huang Hongliang , Guo Xiangyu , Qiao Zhihua , Zhong Chongli
Published: January 2020

IL and metal ions were introduced into a MOF by a grinding approach and the resulting IL@ZIF-8(Zn/Co) exhibits synergistic effects for catalysis.
Facile aqueous synthesis of high performance Na2FeM(SO4)3 (M = Fe, Mn, Ni) alluaudites for low cost Na-ion batteries
Authors: Plewa Anna , Kulka Andrzej , Hanc Emil , Zając Wojciech , Sun Jianguo , Lu Li , Molenda Janina
Published: January 2020

A new method of synthesis of stoichiometric Na2FeM(SO4)3 (M = Fe, Mn, Ni) materials is developed.
3D hierarchical tubular micromotors with highly selective recognition and capture for antibiotics
Authors: Bing Xingmei , Zhang Xiaolei , Li Jia , Ng Dickon H. L. , Yang Wenning , Yang Jie
Published: January 2020

Self-propelled micro/nanomotors attract a great deal of attention from the scientific community due to their great potential in environmental and biomedical applications.
Ferroconcrete-inspired design of a nonwoven graphene fiber fabric reinforced electrode for flexible fast-charging sodium ion storage devices
Authors: Liu Zexin , Zhang Xin , Liu Cai , Li Dongyang , Zhang Miaoxin , Yin Fuxing , Xin Guoqing , Wang Gongkai
Published: January 2020

Ferroconcrete-inspired graphene fiber nonwoven fabrics integrated with multi-functionalities for use as free-standing anodes/cathodes give superior performances as flexible sodium ion capacitors.
A novel sufficient condition to avoid subharmonic oscillations for buck converters with constant on‐time control
Authors: Bizzarri F. , Nora P. , Brambilla A.
Published: January 2020

Fast transient response, simple control scheme and low cost are features that distinguish constant‐on‐time buck converters from others. Simplicity of the control scheme is reflected in a single requirement for power electronics engineers: a design that ensures enough low amplitude resistive ripple component at the feedback to precisely starts the on‐time pulse. There are design rules that guide the selection of the components. A well known one reported in the literature predicts if the converter suffers of the sub‐harmonic oscillations undesirable phenomenon. The authors present a better simple design expression to avoid the onset of this unwanted drawback.
Perception du changement climatique par les éleveurs de bovins des zones tropicales sèche et subhumide du Bénin : comparaison avec les données météorologiques
Authors: Idrissou Yaya , Assani Seidou Alassan , Tossou Fréjus Mahougnon , Sanni Worogo Hilaire Sorébou , Baco Mohamed Nasser , Adjassin Josias Steve , Assogba Brice Gérard Comlan , Alkoiret Traore Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

Une fausse perception du changement climatique peut entraîner une absence d’adaptation ou une mauvaise adaptation, augmentant ainsi la vulnérabilité à ce changement. Cependant très peu d’études se sont intéressées à cette question, surtout chez les éleveurs. Cette étude compare la perception du changement climatique des éleveurs de bovins des zones tropicales sèche et subhumide du Bénin avec les données climatiques des 40 dernières années. À cet effet, 360 éleveurs de bovins ont été interrogés dans ces zones. Les données collectées sont relatives aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques des éleveurs, ainsi qu’à leur perception du changement climatique. Les données climatiques couvrant la période 1976–2015 ont été collectées dans les stations météorologiques les plus proches de chaque zone d’étude. Les données d’enquête ont été soumises aux analyses fréquentielles et les données climatiques aux anomalies standardisées. Les résultats montrent que plus de 70 % des éleveurs des deux zones d’étude ont perçu une installation plus tardive de la saison pluvieuse, ainsi qu’une augmentation de la température et de la durée des poches de sécheresse, ce qui correspond aux données climatiques. Par contre, il existe un décalage entre les données climatiques et les perceptions des éleveurs, pour lesquels la pluviométrie aurait diminué et la saison des pluies se terminerait plus tôt. Cette étude permet de conclure que l’intégration d’indicateurs du changement perçus par les éleveurs serait pertinente pour élaborer des stratégies d’adaptation au changement climatique appropriées, consensuelles et durables, en facilitant la compréhension et la concertation entre éleveurs et scientifiques.
Surgical-orthodontic treatment in patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: a report of two familial cases
Authors: Chapuis Hippolyte , Peyrolade Arnaud , Féki Ahmed , Clauss François , Bornert Fabien
Published: January 2020

Introduction:Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of rare inherited connective tissue disorders that affect the synthesis and structure of collagen in a ubiquitous manner. The clinical presentation can vary according to the associated genetic mutation. The 2017 international classification of EDS describes 13 types of EDS.Observation: The first part of this paper describes the surgical-orthodontic treatment for two sisters affected by a common and familial form of EDS, with a follow-up period of 8 years. The main symptoms were agenesis, impacted teeth, and delayed eruptions.Discussion: The second part proposes a review of oro-dental manifestations and discusses therapeutic approaches for patients with EDS.Conclusion: EDS can affect the oro-dental region with numerous consequences. Recognition of clinical symptoms and radiological signs is essential to provide appropriate dental care. Moreover, complete clinical and radiological assessment can allow early diagnosis of EDS.
Akute myeloische Leukämie
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: January 2020

Die Inzidenz der akuten myeloischen Leukämie steigt mit dem Alter. Gleichzeitig weisen Patienten über 65 Jahre eine ungünstige Prognose auf. Eine komplette Remission nach der Induktionschemotherapie erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit für ein langfristiges Überleben. In der LAM-SA-2007-Studie erhielten ältere Erkrankte in der Induktions- und Postremissionsphase zusätzlich zu einer Standard-Chemotherapie das Alkylans Lomustin.
AML-Rezidiv nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: January 2020

Wenn Patienten mit einer akuten myeloischen Leukämie (AML) oder einem myelodysplastischen Syndrom (MDS) ein Posttransplantationsrezidiv entwickeln, benötigt man aufgrund der limitierten Therapieoptionen neue Behandlungsansätze. Lenalidomid und Azacitidin empfehlen sich hier aufgrund ihrer antileukämischen Wirksamkeit als Salvagetherapie. Der Nachteil: Bereits bei einer niedrigen Dosierung ist die GvHD-Rate hoch. Im Mäusemodell reduzierte Azacitidin das GvHD-Risiko. In der prospektiven, offenen Phase-I-Studie VIOLA erreichte die Kombination Lenalidomid plus Azacitidin im Rückfall-Setting eine hohe Ansprechrate; nur 3 von 29 Patienten bekamen eine GvHD.
Diagnosis and Therapy Before Assisted Reproductive Treatments. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Register Number 015-085, February 2019) – Part 1, Basic Assessment of the Woman
Authors: Toth Bettina , Baston-Büst Dunja Maria , Behre Hermann M , Bielfeld Alexandra , Bohlmann Michael , Bühling Kai , Dittrich Ralf , Goeckenjan Maren , Hancke Katharina , Kliesch Sabine , Köhn Frank-Michael , Krüssel Jan , Kuon Ruben , Liebenthron Jana , Nawroth Frank , Nordhoff Verena , Pinggera Germar-Michael , Rogenhofer Nina , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Schuppe Hans-Christian , Schüring Andreas , Seifert-Klauss Vanadin , Strowitzki Thomas , Tüttelmann Frank , Vomstein Kilian , Wildt Ludwig , Wischmann Tewes , Wunder Dorothea , Zschocke Johannes
Published: January 2020

Introduction Supporting and counselling couples with fertility issues prior to starting ART is a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The first German/Austrian/Swiss interdisciplinary S2k guideline on “Diagnosis and Therapy Before Assisted Reproductive Treatments (ART)” was published in February 2019. This guideline was developed in the context of the guidelines program of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) in cooperation with the Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG) and the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG).

Aims One third of the causes of involuntary childlessness are still unclear, even if the woman or man have numerous possible risk factors. Because the topic is still very much taboo, couples may be socially isolated and often only present quite late to a fertility center. At present, there is no standard treatment concept, as currently no standard multidisciplinary procedures exist for the diagnostic workup and treatment of infertility. The aim of this guideline is to provide physicians with evidence-based recommendations for counselling, diagnostic workup and treatment.

Methods This S2k guideline was developed on behalf of the Guidelines Commission of the DGGG by representative members from different professional medical organizations and societies using a structured consensus process.

Recommendations The first part of this guideline focuses on the basic assessment of affected women, including standard anatomical and endocrinological diagnostic procedures and examinations into any potential infections. Other areas addressed in this guideline are the immunological workup with an evaluation of the patientʼs vaccination status, an evaluation of psychological factors, and the collection of data relating to other relevant factors affecting infertility. The second part will focus on explanations of diagnostic procedures compiled in collaboration with specialists from other medical specialties such as andrologists, human geneticists and oncologists.
Preliminary Evaluation of Knee Kinetics in Female Athletes on Hormonal Contraceptives
Authors: Gilmer Gabrielle , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: January 2020

Recently, an emphasis has been placed on understanding how ovarian sex hormones and hormonal contraceptives affect risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The literature presents large discrepancies in whether or not hormonal contraceptives affect ACL injury risk; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and knee valgus force are different between athletes who do and do not use hormonal contraceptives. Twenty-two female athletes volunteered to participate and were divided into two groups based on their answers to a health history questionnaire: those who use hormonal contraceptives and those who do not. Participants performed a drop vertical jump (DVJ) and single leg crossover dropdown (SCD) at two different time points in their menstrual cycle (pre-ovulatory phase and mid-luteal phase). Kinetic data were collected at 1000 Hz. Independent samples t-tests revealed no significant differences between groups in vertical GRF and knee valgus force at both time points. Findings from this study suggest that hormonal contraceptives do not elicit detectable changes in vertical GRF and knee valgus force. Ultimately, this calls for further studies on the relationship between hormones and ACL injury risk and physicians to consider hormonal screening in addition to neuromuscular and biomechanical screening.
Translational Highlights in Breast and Ovarian Cancer 2019 – Immunotherapy, DNA Repair, PI3K Inhibition and CDK4/6 Therapy
Authors: Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Lux Michael P. , Janni Wolfgang , Ettl Johannes , Belleville Erik , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Welslau Manfred , Overkamp Friedrich , Taran Florin-Andrei , Brucker Sara Y. , Wallwiener Markus , Tesch Hans , Fehm Tanja N. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Lüftner Diana
Published: January 2020

In the near future, important translational questions of clinical relevance will be adressed by studies currently in progress. On the one hand, the role of PD-L1 expression must be further understood, after it was found to be relevant in the use of atezolizumab in first-line therapy of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). No association between efficacy and PD-L1 expression was found in a neoadjuvant study that included pembrolizumab in TNBC. The pathological complete response rate (pCR) was higher in both patient groups with and without PD-L1 expression when pembrolizumab was added to chemotherapy. Another future question is the identification of further patient groups in which efficacy of PARP inhibitors is seen, which are licensed for the pBRCA1/2 germline mutation. These include, for example, patients with mutations in other genes, which are involved in homologous recombination, or patients with tumours that show an abnormality in global tests of homologous recombination deficiencies (HRD tests). The question of whether a PARP inhibitor can be given and with which chemotherapy combination partners is currently being investigated in both breast and ovarian cancer. While the data on improved overall survival are being consolidated for the CDK4/6 inhibitors, knowledge of molecular changes during the therapy and during progression on the therapy is growing. Both the accumulation of PI3K mutations and also PTEN changes might play a part in planning subsequent therapies. This review article summarises these recent developments in breast cancer and in part also in ovarian cancer.
Metastasiertes nicht kleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom (mNSCLC)
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: January 2020

Der „Lung Immune Prognostic Index“ LIPI wurde als Marker für die Nutzenabschätzung einer Immuncheckpoint-Blockade bei mNSCLC entwickelt. Der LIPI war unabhängig mit dem Überleben assoziiert. In die Pool-Analyse flossen jetzt Daten von 3987 Erkrankten ein, die Checkpoint-Inhibitoren, Chemotherapien oder zielgerichtete Therapien erhalten hatten. In allen Gruppen bestätigte sich der Nutzen des LIPI.
Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen
Authors: Feldkamp Joachim
Published: January 2020

Bei den Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen sind Hyperthyreosen in der Klinik bedeutsamer als Hypothyreosen. Ursachen der Hyperthyreose sind bei jüngeren Menschen der Morbus Basedow und bei älteren Menschen eher autonome Funktionsstörungen; seltener sind Kontrastmittel- und Medikamenten-induzierte Hyperthyreosen. Hyperthyreosen werden initial mit Thyreostatika behandelt. Symptomatisch können ergänzend Betablocker gegeben werden. Die hyperthyreote Initialphase einer Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis oder die Hyperthyreose bei subakuter Thyreoiditis wird lediglich symptomatisch therapiert. Je nach Ursache kann mittelfristig eine Radiojodtherapie oder eine Schilddrüsenresektion notwendig werden. Das hypothyreote Koma ist sehr selten und bedarf intensivmedizinischer Behandlung. Leichte TSH-Erhöhungen können zunächst im Verlauf kontrolliert werden und müssen nicht immer behandelt werden. Auf der Intensivstation wird nicht selten ein low T3-/low T4-Syndrom (non-thyroidal illness-syndrome) beobachtet. Dieses benötigt meist keine Therapie.
Schilddrüse und Schwangerschaft
Authors: Frank-Raue Karin
Published: January 2020

In der Schwangerschaft nimmt die Produktion von Thyroxin um etwa 50 % zu, der Jodbedarf steigt, das Schilddrüsenvolumen nimmt zu. Die Therapie von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen betrifft Mutter und Kind, die Plazentagängigkeit von Jod, Thyreostatika und TSH-Rezeptorantikörpern in höheren Titern ist zu beachten, Thyroxin ist nur partiell plazentagängig.

Im 1. Trimenon ist die meist milde durch hCG-Stimulation bedingte Schwangerschaftshyperthyreose die häufigste Ursache einer Hyperthyreose, sie ist meist nicht behandlungsbedürftig. Die Hyperthyreose bei M. Basedow tritt in etwa 0,2 % der Schwangerschaften auf; Therapieindikation ist die manifeste Hyperthyreose. In der Frühschwangerschaft wird mit Propylthiouracil, ab dem 2. Trimenon mit Methimazol/Carbimazol behandelt.

Die Hypothyreose der Mutter ist mit Schwangerschaftskomplikationen und Entwicklungsstörungen des Kindes assoziiert. Die Thyroxindosis muss bereits in der Frühschwangerschaft erhöht werden. Die Behandlung von TSH-Spiegeln zwischen 2,5–4 mIU/l verbessert weder die Abortrate noch die fetale kognitive Entwicklung. Eine L-Thyroxintherapie ist ab einer TSH-Erhöhung von 4 mIU/l indiziert.
Standard changing news der Senologie und der Gynäkologischen Onkologie 2019
Authors: Preuß Caroline , Hein Alexander , Beckmann Matthias W. , Jud Sebastian M.
Published: January 2020

Im onkologischen Jahr 2018/2019 gab es im Bereich der Senologie und der gynäkologischen Onkologie zahlreiche Studienergebnisse, die zu neuen Arzneimittelzulassungen und zu Änderungen und Ergänzungen bestehender Therapiekonzepte führten. Die personalisierte Medizin ist weiter auf dem Vormarsch, molekularbiologische und genetische Eigenschaften fließen zunehmend in die Therapieentscheidung mit ein.

Neue Therapiekonzepte werden in neoadjuvanter und adjuvanter Behandlungsintention überprüft. Doch auch die Weiterentwicklung bestehender Therapiekonzepte und der Einsatz neuer Therapeutika in Patientenkollektiven mit fortgeschrittener Tumorerkrankung mit zahlreichen Vortherapien rücken weiter in den Fokus. Die Lebensqualität der Patientinnen, die Verträglichkeit der geprüften Therapie und auch die Toxizitäten bekommen zunehmend eine höhere Gewichtung in der Bewertung von Studienergebnissen. Die kritische Überprüfung von Therapieschemata mit der Fragestellung, welche Patientinnen möglicherweise übertherapiert werden und die Deeskalation im Bereich der Therapieintensität und Therapiedauer schreiten voran.

Der folgende Artikel soll gegliedert in Mammakarzinom, Ovarialkarzinom, Zervixkarzinom und Endometriumkarzinom einen Überblick über die neuesten Entwicklungen und aktuellsten wissenschaftlichen Daten des jeweiligen Malignoms vermitteln. Die wichtigsten Key Massages sind am Ende des jeweiligen Abschnittes zusammengefasst.
Die Madonna von Stalingrad
Authors: Hardinghaus Christian
Published: January 2020

Ob gläubig oder nicht. Kalt lässt die Holzkohlezeichnung von der in eine Decke eingehüllte Maria, die das Jesuskind dicht an ihr Gesicht drückt, kaum jemanden. Zum Gedenken an die verheerendste Schlacht des Zweiten Weltkrieges hängt das 105 × 80 Zentimeter große Bild heute in der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche in Berlin. Gezeichnet hat die Stalingradmadonna auf der Rückseite einer russischen Landkarte der Lazarettarzt und Pastor Kurt Reuber an Weihnachten 1942. Im Angesicht Zehntausender gefallener Soldaten und kaum noch Hoffnung, der Hölle Stalingrad auf Erden zu entkommen, enthüllte er sein Bild vor frierenden Kameraden in einem Bunker und spendete ihnen damit für einen Moment Trost. Gedenken wir zur Weihnachtszeit allen, aber im Rahmen dieser Zeitschrift besonders den Ärzten, die ihre letzten Kräfte dafür aufgewandt haben, um das Leid ihrer eingeschlossenen Kameraden zu lindern.
Outcomes of Primary versus Multiple-Staged Repair in Hirschsprung's Disease in England
Authors: Giuliani Stefano , Honeyford Kate , Chang Chieh-Yu , Bottle Alex , Aylin Paul
Published: January 2020

Introduction The study aimed to compare 1-year outcomes for primary versus multiple-staged (three operations with colostomy) repairs in Hirschsprung's disease (HD).

Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of a large national administrative database (Hospital Episode Statistics) including all the neonates born with HD in England between 2003 and 2015. Main outcomes were: 1-year mortality, postoperative readmissions, and reoperations. Secondary outcomes: cumulative length of hospital stay (cLOS) and hospital volume–outcome relationship.

Results A total of 1,333 neonates with HD were treated in 21 specialist pediatric surgical centers; 874 (65.5%) patients had a primary repair for HD. One-year mortality was 2.8%. The overall readmission rate was 70.2%, with a significant difference between primary and multiple-staged repair (79.9 vs. 90.1%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in reoperation. Primary pull-through was associated with a significantly lower probability of postoperative readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06–0.11, p < 0.001) and cLOS (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.28–0.52, p < 0.001) compared with multiple-staged repair. There were no significant difference in outcomes between patients treated in low-volume (<37 cases/year) and high-volume (> 55 cases/year) specialist centers.

Conclusion Whenever clinically indicated, primary repair should be used in HD as this is associated with fewer readmissions and shorter time spent in the hospital.
Mode of Delivery Does Not Influence Postpartum Hypercoagulability Measured by Thrombin Generation or Thromboelastometry
Authors: Guimicheva Boriana , Roberts Lara N. , Patel Jignesh P. , Subramanian Devi , Arya Roopen
Published: January 2020

Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of maternal mortality with the greatest risk postpartum. Mode of delivery influences VTE risk, with emergency caesarean section (CS) associated with the highest risk (CS). Thromboprophylaxis is recommended for selected women to reduce the risk of VTE.

We aimed to investigate the impact of mode of delivery and thromboprophylaxis on hypercoagulability as measured by thromboelastometry (TEM) and thrombin generation (TG) in women at high VTE risk.

Materials and Methods Blood was collected from 99 pregnant women with VTE risk factors at up to five time points from pre- (T1) and post (T2)-delivery to 6 weeks postpartum (T5). Multiple linear regression was utilised to compare TG and TEM between those with vaginal delivery (VD) and CS at each time point. Paired sample t-test with post hoc Bonferroni correction was utilised to compare laboratory markers over time.

Results Women in both groups had a median of three postpartum VTE risk factors, with higher body mass index and parity post-VD. In both the groups, TG and TEM parameters suggested hypercoagulability at T2 compared with T1, with resolution at T5. There were minimal differences between groups, apart from T2 with shorter clot formation time and higher maximum clot firmness in the VD group.

Conclusion TG and TEM illustrate hypercoagulability associated with pregnancy and delivery. The pattern of postpartum hypercoagulability seen in women with VTE risk factors was similar irrespective of mode of delivery. Further research is required to establish the effect of labour on TG/TEM in the absence of low molecular weight heparin use.
Energy conditional measures and 2D turbulence
Authors: Flandoli Franco , Luo Dejun
Published: January 2020

We show that the invariant measures of point vortices, when conditioning the Hamiltonian to a finite interval, converge weakly to the enstrophy measure by conditioning the renormalized energy to the same interval. We also prove the existence of solutions to 2D Euler equations having the energy conditional measure as an invariant measure. Some heuristic discussions and numerical simulations are presented in Sec. VI.