bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pola Narasi Sejarah dalam Buku Teks Lintas Kurikulum di Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Heri , Fatmawati Sri , Fathurrahman Fathurrahman
Published: December 2022

The national history textbook is one of the most controversial textbooks. In books, historical events are presented in the form of narratives that can be used as lessons for the present and future challenges. Narratives can be studied from the point of view of critical discourse analysis that provides awareness. A literature study method with a close reading technique is used to understand the narrative pattern in the textbook. The textbooks in this analysis are textbooks published between 1975-2003. These books represent textbooks from the 1975 curriculum to the 1994 curriculum, supplement to GBPP 1999. The results of the analysis show that this textbook shows a role narrative pattern using a concentric chronological approach, using the principles of accommodative history writing, highlighting aspects of heroism, and using an event approach in the flow of food. The weakness of this textbook is that there are attempts to build an unbalanced role narrative. The narrative of the role of the regime in power at that time was presented with an exaggerated cult tendency.Buku teks sejarah nasional adalah salah satu buku teks yang paling sering mengundang kontroversi. Pada buku teks, setiap kejadian sejarah disajikan sebagai narasi sejarah yang menjadi materi pembelajaran untuk kehidupan masa sekarang dan menghadapi tantangan di masa depan. Sajian narasi dalam analisis buku dapat ditelaah menggunakan pespektif model analisis wacana kritis dengan mengedepankan aspek kesadaran sejarah. Untuk memahami pola narasi dalam buku teks digunakan metode studi literatur dengan teknik close reading. Buku teks dalam analisis ini merupakan buku teks yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1975-2003. Buku-buku tersebut mewakili buku teks dari kurikulum 1975 sampai dengan kurikulum 1994, suplemen GBPP 1999. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa buku teks ini menunjukkan pola narasi peran dengan menggunakan pendekatan kronologis konsentris, menggunakan prinsip penulisan sejarah akomodatif, menonjolkan aspek heroism, dan menggunakan pendekatan peristiwa dalam alur sajiannya. Kelemahan buku teks ini adalah terdapat upaya membangun narasi peran yang tidak seimbang. Narasi peran bagi rezim yang sedang berkuasa pada saat itu ditampilkan dengan tendensi pengkultusan yang berlebihan.
Socio-cultural analysis of the independent Papua Organization (OPM) and the narrative of Papua integration into Indonesia
Authors: Manalu Enty Forisna Lastaruli , Pane Efyka Tamala Sitorus , Manalu Joshua Kalebso , Lubis Neliana
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyse the socio-cultural organisation of the Free Papua Movement (OPM) and the narrative of the integration of Papua into Indonesia. The diversity of styles or points of view of historical writing regarding the integration of Papua into Indonesia cannot be separated from the sociology and culture of the historical writers, whether they support Indonesia, support Papua, or write based on historical facts. This study uses historical research methods consisting of heuristics, source verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The study results show that integrating Papua into the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) has two different narratives. First, the version of the government of the Republic of Indonesia says that the process of integrating Papua into the territory of the Republic of Indonesia is legal and by the constitution. Second, the Free Papua Organization (OPM) version states that this is illegal and violates human rights. These two narratives are currently developing in history learning, with different intensities. Until now, Papua remains part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
Analisis Konteks Historis Film Sejarah Perang Banjar Sebagai Media Edutainment
Authors: Susanto Heri , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Djono Djono
Published: December 2022

Apart from being an entertainment medium, movies with historical settings also have the potential for learning history, but not many history teachers have used film as a learning media. This research aims to analyze the feasibility of the Banjar War movie as a memory-based edutainment media. This is qualitative research, the research subjects being Banjar history experts and practitioners of history teaching. The design of this research is a case study related to the history of the Banjar war shown in the movie. Collecting data using interviews and questionnaires with respondents from Banjar history experts and the creators of the Banjar War film and analysis of film content. Instrument validation is carried out with internal validation and external validity. To ensure the quality of the instrument, it is carried out with credibility and transferability. The credibility of the data is done by triangulation of sources and triangulation of methods. In comparison, the data analysis using the Spradley model, namely, analysis of a domain, analysis of taxonomic, analysis of componential, and analysis of cultural theme. Results of this study show 1) the factual aspects show conformity with related Banjar historiographical works although there are some factual shortcomings, 2) the chronology of the film story is relevant to the historical setting, 3) the suitability of the periodization, as a whole shows the compatibility between the artifact, mentifact, and contemporary sociofact components, 4) the edutainment aspect of this film meets the criteria to be used in history education. This research concludes that teachers can use the Banjar war film as an edutainment-based historical learning media by emphasizing an objective analysis approach to students.
Peran Nurcholish Madjid dalam Perkembangan Pemikiran Noe-Modernisme Islam Indonesia, 1966-2005
Authors: Latif Faiqbal
Published: December 2022

The development of Islamic thought is part of history that builds civilization, because not infrequently thought is the beginning of the development of world civilization which is built through awareness. Islamic Neo-Modernism is a school of renewal of thought that responds to challenges and previous thoughts (traditionalism and modernism). Nurcholish Madjid became an intellectual who gave a new color to the presence and development of Islamic Neo-Modernism in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to find out how the development of Neo-Modernism thought brought by Nurcholish in Indonesia with the period of his active period until his death (1966-2005) and its influence in Indonesia. This study uses the historical method, where the source of the data obtained comes from literature studies. The results of this study are the presence and development of Islamic Neo-Modernism in the world and in Indonesia, the evolution of Nurcholish Madjid's Neo-Modernism, and how it influences the world of thought in Indonesia.
THE KEY BASIS OF THE FINANCIAL SECURITY MECHANISM REPRESENTATIVES OF SMALL BUSINESSES
Authors: Hryshchuk Nadiia
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the work is to study the importance of the appropriate level of financing of the small business sector, as an integral component of the market economy, which provides solutions to a number of urgent needs of society, the determination of priority financial programs for their financing in conditions of military aggression. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is general scientific and special methods. Scientific knowledge: generalization, analogy, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (for clarifying the conceptual apparatus, theoretical generalizations of research results, conclusions and proposals); an economic-statistical, tabular research method is used. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of farms and cooperatives are substantiated. The understanding of the essence of small business is revealed and the economic and legal aspects of the development of the agrarian sector of the economy are analyzed based on a combination of economic and financial interests, the need to adapt to changes in the business environment, production technologies, as well as in the needs of buyers, because they saturate the market with goods and services, diversify the labor market with new jobs, ensure economic competition – the basis of the functioning of the market mechanism. Results. The understanding of the essence of small business is revealed and the economic and legal aspects of the development of the agrarian sector of the economy are analyzed based on a combination of economic and financial interests, the need to adapt to changes in the business environment, production technologies, as well as in the needs of buyers, because they saturate the market with goods and services, diversify the labor market with new jobs, ensure economic competition – the basis of the functioning of the market mechanism. An analytical assessment of the types of financial security showed that the involvement of various types of financial resources will improve the opportunity to gain competitive positions in the market of various financial products. Practical consequences. According to the results of the research, the priority directions for improvement were determined. An important component and leading direction of the credit policy in agriculture should be the creation of a preferential lending mechanism for agricultural producers. We also need a guarantee from the state in the provision by banks of interest-free and deferred payment targeted loans for the modernization and expansion of the material and technical base of agricultural production, the introduction of new technologies, the creation of enterprises for processing and sale of products in conditions of military aggression.
Methods of conservation of agricultural by-products in the Maradi region: Case of departments of Madarounfa (Safo and Bargaja), Guidan Roumdji (Karazomé, Karo Sofoua) and Dakoro (Baban Kori and Akora Idi)
Authors: Nourou Abdou  , Salissou Oumarou  , Ousseini Mahaman Malam Mouctari  , Soumana Gouro Abdoulaye
Published: December 2022

This work was carried out in the departments of Guidan Roumji (Karazomé and Karo Sofoua), Madaroumfa (Safo and Bargaja) and Dakoro (Baban Kori and Akora Idi) in the Maradi region. The objective was to identify the different methods of conservation of agricultural by-products in rural areas. In order to achieve this objective, a sample of 296 farmers was surveyed out of the 300 planned, chosen on the basis of the simple random type probabilistic method. The results show that 98.64% use the conservation of agricultural by-products. These residues are mainly cowpea haulms (96.29%), sorghum straw (91.55%), groundnut haulms (85.82%) and millet straw (80.4%). The most dominant conservation methods are the hayloft (78.38%), on the open-air shed (58.11%) which are observed in all the villages. It appears from this work that the smallholder farmers attach great importance to the conservation of crop residues in the study area. Nevertheless, this conservation of agricultural by-products is done in a traditional way. It is therefore necessary to train smallholder farmers on the conservation of crop residues used in animal feed. This will allow more rational management and better conservation of the nutritive value of crop residues.
Assessment of quantity surveyor’s perception on risk management practice in construction projects in Ebonyi state
Authors: Agha Kalu A  , Ogbonna Ndubuisi J
Published: December 2022

The roles of Quantity Surveyors, who are the construction economists is to support cost effectiveness of construction projects planning through the pre-construction stage to post construction stage of projects. Despite being recognized as a professional discipline, Quantity Surveyors are not immune to the threats and risks in their operating environment. Consequence of which when poorly managed may be detrimental to Quantity Surveying practice and overall performance of construction project. Therefore, the study assesses the risk management techniques of the Quantity Surveyors in construction projects with a view of enhancing a better performance in project delivery. The construction industry is subject to more risk than any other industry. Risk management has become an integral process in managing construction projects. To complete most construction project on time, minimizing cost and wastages proper risk management techniques must be employed. Some authors of journals, conferences, text written by professional were consulted and datas were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaires administered to forty six (46) respondents. The data generated were further analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as percentages, frequencies and mean index score (MIS). The research findings identified that most Quantity Surveyors understand and practice risks management in construction industry while very few practice it unknowingly (i.e they do not really understand it) financial, design and physical risk were discovered as some of the most sources of risk in construction projects. Also risk reduction is most popular among the professional Quantity Surveyors as methods and tools for managing and mitigating risks respectively in construction projects. The study concludes that the most sources of risk in construction project delivery often experienced by the Quantity surveyors are financial and design risks. The recommendations suggest that the client should consult competent and qualified professional Quantity Surveyors from the early stage through the completion stage of a construction project. The professional Quantity Surveyors should continue to acquire new skills through training and retraining to meet the changing nature of construction environment.
Preservation of muscle tissue with a formaldehyde-free borax solution for gross anatomy lessons
Authors: Murat Sırrı AKOSMAN  , Recep KARA  , A. Fatih FİDAN
Published: December 2022

It is known that formaldehyde has serious toxicological effects on medical students, laboratory workers and environmental health. Recently various scientists search for a safe preservation fluid instead of the formaldehyde. One of them and the famous one is the Thiel’s embalming solution. However, it has been realized that it causes deterioration in muscle tissues. It was determined that this deterioration was caused by the boric acid. In the present study, previously formalin fixed muscle tissues were stored into the alkali form of boron during 40 days. At the end of the trial the appearance of the borax stored cadavers was quite similar to the formalin stored cadavers. In cross-sections taken from the muscle tissues, no deterioration could observe. Additionally, there was no putrid odor; on the contrary, a slight level of formaldehyde odor. In microbiological tests, there was a slight insignificant increase in the total number of bacteria in borax solutions. As a result, it was concluded that borax could be used as a cadaveric storage solution, and it can be more appropriate to use borax instead of boric acid in Thiel's solution.
Transforming social change through diffusion of innovation digital society in the era of technology 4.0
Authors: Idris Kusumanegara  , Galih Meigiansyah Putra  , Neka Fitriyah  , Ail Muldi
Published: December 2022

This paper elaborates special attention on the correlation of digitalization and the 4.0 technological era to the creation of new trends habits of behavior patterns in a modern digital society with new habits, within the scope of work and business strategies, Diffusion, Innovation, and, Adaptation in its application facing obstacles in almost all of the aspects of life and the field of work, such as education, health, economics, agriculture, in the field of finance, the social sector of society, and other fields, the obstacles include the rapid growth development of information and technology in Indonesia. Method of this paper use is qualitative research, using descriptive methods, with the study of literary studies, by looking also at previous research, explaining the elements of diffusion, innovation, and characteristics of Innovation. the explanation of each element of the subject of communication according to the existing communication paradigm, as a process, understood as a mechanism that runs from and to, across space and time from one point to another. which includes positivistic, consconstructivist Critical. The approach used in this study is the diffusion, innovation & adoption analysis of Rogers' innovations.
Lesion analysis of forensic autopsies of violent traffic deaths at HOGIP over a two-year period
Authors: El Hadji Oumar NDOYE  , Gilbert Franck Olivier NGONGANG  , Amadou Mouctar DIALLO  , Ousmane CAMARA  , Namoudou CONDE  , Gabriel Nougnignon Comlan DEGUENEVO  , Gabriel Raymond Marie KONATE  , Dia Sidy Ahmed  , Mouhamed Manibiliot SOUMAH  , Chérif Mohammed Moustapha DIAL  , Mor NDIAYE
Published: December 2022

The violence of road accidents leads to frequent and particularly complex deaths requiring the intervention of forensic medicine. The objective of this study is to determine, with the help of autopsies, the socio-demographic profile, the exact causes and modes of death of traffic accident victims. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study based on data collected from court requisitions, autopsy reports and registers of the General Hospital Idrissa Pouye of Grand Yoff in Dakar from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Results: The gender distribution of the present study showed a higher proportion of males (74%) compared to females (26%). The distribution of traffic fatalities shows 2 peaks, between the age groups of 15-30 years and 31-45 years. Our study shows that the majority of fatal road traffic accidents occur in rural areas. In our study, we found varied monthly peaks with virtually the same rates in the months of February, May, June, September and October. In the present study, polytraumatic injuries were responsible for 35% of the deaths followed by head injuries at 25%, i.e. a total of 60% of deaths.Lesions with neurological complications (14%), infectious complications (11%), internal bleeding (11%) and external bleeding (4%) were responsible for the deaths. Conclusion: Traffic accidents, with their exponential number of deaths, constitute a real public health problem. The knowledge of the modes of these accidental deaths and fatal injuries, especially in young people, is possible thanks to the contribution of the medicolegal autopsy.
STUDI DRAG FORCE GELOMBANG AIR LAUT TERHADAP FONDASI TIANG MINI (MINIPILE) DI KAWASAN PANTAI PARANGTRITIS
Authors: Haza Zainul Faizien
Published: December 2022

Lateral load factor is an important parameter in the calculation of the load capacity of pile foundation, especially in desian pile foundation in coastal areas where the impact of the waves act as additional lateral load that significantly affect to lateral stability of pile foundation, in this case a mini slab foundations (minipile). The interaction between the waves with a pile foundation is a transfer force event, where the force transmitted by waves more as a drag force than impact force. This is because the wave is a fluid material instead of solid material. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of the drag force due to the waves of the sea water on cylindrical concrete slab foundations mini (minipile). The simulation results show that the use of large diameter pile exacerbated the drag force coefficient of drag force exerted at the same time by the sea water to the surface of minipile
PENANGANAN LIMBAH GERGAJIAN BATU ALAM PASCA ERUPSI MERAPI
Authors: Pranoto Aji , Huda Saiful
Published: December 2022

Stone sawing process in the area of Sleman leaves stone powder as waste, which discharged directly onto the ground can result into a barren land can not be planted and will also lead to ground can not absorb rainwater where this can lead to severe environmental damage, such as floods and droughts.To overcome this problem, the program is made of natural stone sawmill waste utilization through science and technology to the Community (IbM), with a program of making handicrafts using the main raw material waste sawdust and splinters of natural stone. The program is implemented with the main objective to empower people to be able to cope with waste and create new jobs. The resulting product consists ofCrafts (handcraft),Flower Pot and Mosaic The first is the handcraft produced with the main ingredient as the matrix is resin apoxy 95%, hardener 3%, plus 2% cobalt, as inforcement used stone dust particle with variable best comparison is 50% matrix, and 50% particle inforcment. whereas the mold to make handcraft materials using RTV silicone rubber 586 plus hardener. Both produced flowerpot with the main ingredient of cement and sawdust stone cast coupled with hardener (hardener), where the best compositions based on test results is 15% cement an d 75% stone dust. The molds used are made of Fiber Glass and steel molds. The resulting third is a mosaic, made of stone flakes aggregate prepared using cement and wire mesh material asÂ  a binder and stone chips as forming ornaments. The mold using steel plate rectangular with size (20 x 20) cm. Of the three products produced, which has the best economic value is the Flower Pot, followed handcraft, while the mosaic has the lowest economic value
PENINGKATAN PERFORMA SEPEDA MOTOR DENGAN VARIASI CDI PROGRAMMABLE THE IMPROVEMENT OF MOTORCYCLES PERFORMANCE USING CDI PROGRAMMABLE
Authors: Siswanto Ibnu , Efendi Yosep
Published: December 2022

The study aims to determine the engine performance characteristics of motorcycle that use CDI genuine and CDI programmable, and differences in performance characteristics of motorcycle engine that uses the CDI genuine and CDIÂ  programmable. The study method used was experimental. The object of study was motorcycle 1 cylinder 125 cc. The equipment used to perform power measurement was dynotest motorcycle vehicle. Experiments conducted with the motorcycle still conditions in accordance with standard factory (no modification). The results showed that (1) Motorcycles with CDI Genuine produces the highest power 8HP obtained at 6542 RPM and the highest was 10.12 NM torque at 5085. While the RPM after it was replaced with CDI Programmable, peak power of 8.2 at 6556 RPM and torque of 10.33 in 4670. (2) ThereÂ  was a difference in engine performance using CDI genuine and CDI Programmable. The highest power achieved in almost all variations of CDI Programmable, amounting 8,2HP. The highest torque was obtained by advancing the CDI Programmable Timing 2 degrees, itÂ  10,33Nm at 4670 RPM
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK PEMILIHAN PEMASOK NATA DE COCO DI PT. XZY
Authors: Purnomo Dian Eko Hari
Published: December 2022

PT. XYZ is a manufacturing company that produces nata de coco pieces. Consumers of the product nata de coco pieces of food businesses such as food PT.Garuda Sidoarjo, PT. Holy Sinar Mas, PT. Borobudur Semarang and others. PT. XYZ has two types of contract supplier and the supplier is not a contract. Currently, the company in the selection of suppliers do not contract into supplier contracts sometimes have trouble. Terebut difficulties occurred because of the detailed criteria that can be used for the selection of suppliers. So in this study will berusahaan find criteria that influence supplier selection. The data in this study using the method Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In addition, models that have been made will be implemented into a Decision Support System (DSS). The criteria that can mempengeruhi supplier selection is the sum total, the number of total quality one, a total of two quality, the total number of nata broken, the number of deliveries the maximum, the maximum number of quality one, the maximum number of two qualities, the maximum amount is broken, the number of deliveries at a minimum, the number of minimum quality one, the minimum number two quality, the minimum amount is broken, regularity, quality price and the price of the quality of the two. In addition, based on test results Decision Support System (DSS), which has made the conclusion that the system that has been created can be used later by PT. XYZ.
PEMANFAATAN RECYCLING ASPAL SEBAGAI CAMPURAN BETON PADA PLAT ATAP
Authors: Sulistyorini Dewi , Yasin Iskandar , Judu Basilius Emilda
Published: December 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kuat tekan dan kuat lentur pelat beton recycling aspal sebagai penambah agregat halus dengan perkuatan kawat kasa. Sehingga melalui penelitian ini diharapkan penggunaan recycling aspal sebagai pengganti agregat halus serta penggunaaanÂ  kawat kasa dapat diaplikasikan dalam dunia konstruksi. Benda uji berupa silinder beton ukuran diameter 150 mm tinggi 300 mm dan plat beton berukuran panjang 500 mm, lebar 250 mm dan tebal 100 mm. Perkuatan pada plat beton berupa kawat kasa 6 mm x 6 mm. Variasi recycling aspal terhadap pasir yang digunakan adalah 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan pada prosentase beton recycling aspal 10 % mengalami penurunan sebesar 22,14 % terhadap beton normal, dan prosentase beton recycling aspal 20 % mengalami penurunan sebesar 11,47 % dan pada beton recycling aspal 30 % mengalami penurunan prosentase sebesar 9,83 %. Berdasarkan nilai uji kuat lentur pada prosentase beton recycling aspal 10 % mengalami kenaikan sebesar 4,65 % terhadap beton normal, dan prosentase beton recycling aspal 20 % mengalami kenaikan sebesar 41,21 % dan pada prosentase beton recycling aspal 30 % mengalami kenaikan sebesar 24,73 % terhadap beton normal. Kenaikan kuat lentur dipengaruhi adanya kawat kasa sebagai perkuatan.
TENSOR PROYEKTIF DAN HOM INJEKTIF MELALUI ADJOINTNISASI ENDOFUNGTOR EKSAK DI ANTARA KATEGORI MODUL
Authors: Agustito Denik
Published: December 2022

Endofungtor di antara kategori modul melestarikan modul proyektif jika memliki adjoint kanan yang eksak. Melalui sifat endofungtor di antara kategori modul yang melestarikan modul proyektif tersebut menghasilkan beberapa sifat bahwa produk tensor dari dua buar modul proyektif adalah modul proyektif dan ruang homomorfisma dari modul flat ke modul injektif adalah modul injektif.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MILITARY-PEOPLE’S ADMINISTRATION IN THE CAUCASUS UNDER ALEXANDER III IN 1882–1888
Authors:   Moscow State Institute for International Relations (MGIMO), Volkhonskiy Michael A.
Published: December 2022

Introduced in the 1850s, the military-public administration, along with the institute of viceroyalty, was one of the main distinguishing features of the special administrative status of the Caucasus as part of the Russian Empire. Various aspects of this system have been the object of historians’ research many times. However, the period from the 1880s to 1917 is still poorly studied. The article is devoted to the analysis of the circumstances of the discussion, development and implementation of projects for the transformation of the military-people’s administration in the Caucasus Region in the 1880s. The process of developing the reform in 1882 was initiated by the Minister of War in connection with the planned general transformation of the administration system of the Caucasus. The reform project was developed by the new chief of the Caucasus, Prince A. M. Dondukov-Korsakov, who opposed the abolition of the military-public administration. Of the two projects submitted by him to St. Petersburg in 1883 and 1885, only the former was implemented. The project included: the abolition of the Central Caucasian military-people’s administration in Tiflis; subordination of local military-people’s administrations to military governors; annexation of the districts of the Batumi region and the Sukhumi district, where the military-people’s administration was maintained, to the Kutaisi province.
WOODWORKING AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE TRANS-URALS IN THE EARLY METAL AGE
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Chairkina Natalija M. , Mylnikov Vladimir P. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Reinhold Sabine ,   Eurasian Department, German Archaeological Institute
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to woodworking — a complex, multi-level system of stages and operations of the technical and technological process of the Early Metal Age of the Trans-Urals. The natural resources of the forest zone of the region provided the necessary material — wood — for the manufacture of wooden structures, hunting and fishing tools, household and religious products. The technological sequence of woodworking of this time is illustrated in detail by the example of the manufacture of one of the most complex categories of wood products — a sledge runner, discovered in 1928 at the VI Section of the Gorbunovsky peat bog. A set of tools has been defined with which the skid is made: an axe for chopping an entire tree trunk and pre-processing for making a workpiece; an adze for facing the product; chisels with a flat and semicircular blade for cutting holes, additional secondary processing and a lower sliding surface. The skid from the VI Section of the Gorbunovsky peat bog, according to the existing typology, belongs to the keuru type with a U-shaped grooved cross section and holes in the sides, to type B4: it has vertical grooves for hooves and mounting holes. Depending on the design of the recesses and mounting holes on the basis of these runners, it is possible to reconstruct both single-pole and double-pole sleds. In the Early Metal era in the Trans-Urals, woodworking was probably a traditional activity with established techniques and methods of material processing. Logging, splitting and cutting, cutting, planing, scraping, chiseling, drilling and smoothing of wood, as well as the technique of spike connection of parts, using wedges or belt binding, bending, are fixed.
THE ORIGIN OF IRON METALLURGY IN SOUTHERN SIBERIA: A XIONGNU HYPOTHESIS
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Vodyasov Evgeny V.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the origin of iron metallurgy and the formation of the first large metallurgical center in the territory of Southern Siberia. On the basis of archaeological and radiocarbon data, it was concluded that not a single iron-smelting furnace of the Scythian time in southern Siberia is known. The oldest iron smelting sites appeared in the region in the 1st century BC — 1st century AD and were associated with the Xiongnu traditions of building oval smelting furnaces. Oval furnaces are known in the territory of Southern Siberia, Mongolia and the Baikal region and cover almost the entire area of the Xiongnu state. Taking account of the nomadic empire’s constant needs in huge volumes of iron, a hypothesis is expressed about a deliberate conquest of the iron-rich deposits of the Sayan-Altai by the Xiongnu, which explains the formation of the largest metallurgical province in Siberia and Central Asia on the northwestern periphery of the Xiongnu Empire. The article traces the further development of iron-smelting technologies in southern Siberia in the Xiongnu-Xianbei time. The archaeological materials presented in the article provide a basis for formulating a new hypothesis about the origin of unique rectangular furnaces, which were the largest iron-smelting structures in Asia. The appearance of this type of iron-smelting furnaces in Gorny Altai in the 3rd–5th centuries AD was the result of the consistent development of the Xiongnu traditions of oval furnaces with underground channels, which penetrated into Southern Siberia at the turn of the era.
The role of chlorophyll in determining the resistance of soybean plants to prolonged soil flooding
Authors: Sinegovskaya V. T. , Nizkii S. E. , Naumenko E. E.
Published: December 2022

Prolonged inundation of soybean plants leads to their death because of root hypoxia. Therefore, the search for markers of resistance to this factor will provide the opportunity to develop the varieties able to resist this stress. The research was aimed at the study of response of 3 varieties bred by Federal Research Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean to prolonged flooding according to the indicator of chlorophyll a and b content in soybean leaves. The study was carried out in 2019-2021 in laboratory experiments when growing plants on hydroponic installations with 24-day soil flooding (control - soil with optimal moisture content). In soybean varieties Evgeniya and Kukhanna, registered as resistant to overwatering soil, the response by content of chlorophyll forms in leaves under 24-day flooding of the soil surface with 1-2 cm layer of water differed. It was found that increase of chlorophyll a in leaves of Evgeniya variety under flooding was connected with providing the ability of this variety plants to resist the stressful flooding factor. The presence of chlorophyll b in the leaves of this variety before the ripeness phase indicates that it can serve as an indicator of plant resistance to root hypoxia to a greater extent, since the plants continued to grow and develop. In the Kukhanna variety, the content of both forms of chlorophyll at optimum soil moisture of the control variety was higher or at the same level as in the variant with flooding, that cannot serve as the criterion of resistance of this variety to root hypoxia. In the Kitrossa variety, the resistance of which to overwatering has not been noted by the breeders yet there were revealed wavy fluctuations in chlorophyll a/b ratio during the first 10 days of flooding. The fluctuations were caused by changes in the content of chlorophyll b, the concentration of which increased first and then decreased. This fluctuation is most clearly seen in the graph of the change in the ratio between chlorophyll a and b, that may serve as a marker for determination of resistance of soybean varieties to prolonged soil flooding.
Evaluation of suitability of different soybean varieties for cultivation in the conditions of the Central part of the Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tevchenkov A. A. , Fedorova Z. S.
Published: December 2022

The article provides the data of the field experiment (2016-2019) on studying soybean varieties in order to determine their suitability for cultivation in Kaluga region (the central part of the Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation) and their use as a source of agronomic traits for further breeding work. The objects for the research were the soybean varieties of Russian (Mageva, Svetlaya, Kasatka, Maleta, Okskaya, Georgia) and Belarusian (Pripyat and Volma) breeding. Cultivation of soybean varieties in the northern regions of the country is limited due to the short growing season. During the research, the source of early ripening trait has been identified – Kasatka variety had the shortest vegetation period (109 days, 10 days less than Mageva standard variety). According to the plant height Pripyat (93.5 cm) and Okskaya (92.7 cm) varieties have been noted. In comparison to the control, Maleta, Pripyat and Volma varieties showed a steady dynamics towards dry matter accumulation increase. Plant yield index is the most important indicator in assessing soybean varieties genotype suitability for the certain cultivation area. A close correlation has been established between Svetlaya and Okskaya varieties yield indices and moisture availability indicators during the growing season (the amount of precipitation and the hydrothermal coefficient) (r = 0.9). The yield of the Belarusian Volma and Pripyat varieties showed a strong correlation between the average density and precipitation (r = 0.5-0.7) and HTC (r = 0.4-0.6), which proved the possibility of their cultivation in the Non-Chernozem region. On average over the research Pripyat variety has been the most productive one (2.0 t/ha, 21 % higher than the standard), which makes it useful as a source for increased productivity trait in soybean breeding.
KAJIAN PROGRAM SEKOLAH ADIWIYATA DALAM MENUNJANG PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Authors: Wakifah. Wakifah
Published: December 2022

Abstract This article discusses the study of the Adiwiyata program in supporting environmental-based Islamic Religious Education. This research is a literature review (Library Research). In addition to having a literary character, this research is also qualitative because it produces descriptive data. The data analysis using content analysis.In this study it was found that the Adiwiyata program had a positive role for students, with schools labeled Adiwiyata students would be taught about the environment and sustainable development both in the school environment and the community environment. Therefore the contribution made by the Adiwiyata school program in supporting environmental-based Islamic Religious Education is that this program seeks to link environmental education with the Islamic Religious Education curriculum in schools so as to be able to shape student character. In addition, it also provides encouragement to teachers of Islamic Religious Education by preparing curriculum, lesson plans, learning media, learning resources, learning locations and learning materials in implementing environmental-based Islamic Religious Education.Keywords: Adiwiyata, Islamic Religious Education, Environment.AbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang kajian program Adiwiyata dalam menunjang Pendidikan Agama Islam berbasis lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini bersifat kajian kepustakaan (Library Research). Selain bercorak kepustakaan, penelitian ini juga bersifat kualitatif karena meghasilkan data deskriptif. Adapun analisis datanya dengan menggunakan analisis isi.Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa program adiwiyata memiliki peran yang positif bagi siswa, dengan sekolah yang berlabel Adiwiyata siswa akan diajarkan mengenai lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan berkelanjutan baik itu dalam lingkungan sekolah maupun lingkungan masyarakat. Maka dari itu, kontribusi yang diberikan oleh program sekolah Adiwiyata dalam menunjang Pendidikan Agama Islam berbasis lingkungan hidup yakni program ini berupaya mengaitkan pendidikan lingkungan dengan kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam di sekolah agar mampu membentuk karakter siswa. Selain itu juga memberikan dorongan kepada guru-guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan mempersiapkan kurikulum, RPP, media pembelajaran, sumber belajar, lokasi pembelajaran dan materi pembelajaran dalam melaksanakan Pendidikan Agama Islam berbasis lingkungan hidup.Kata kunci: Adiwiyata, Pendidikan Agama Islam, Lingkungan Hidup.
Potensi Radiasi Gelombang Elektromagnetik Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Guna Meningkatkan Ketahanan Usia Simpan Buah-Buahan
Authors: Uswatun Umi , Sudarti Sudarti
Published: December 2022

Fruits are included in foodstuffs that provide many benefits for the body, but fruits have a relatively short shelf life. ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) magnetic field radiation is radiation with a low frequency of around 0–300 Hz with non-ionizing properties or no effect on the atoms of a material it is subjected to and non-thermal or does not cause an increase in temperature when interacting with a material. In addition, Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field radiation can be used for food tenacity. This study aims to determine how much influence ELF radiation has on the shelf life of various types of fruits. The method used in this study is the journal review method, the number of journals reviewed is 11 journals. The journal in question can be in the form of scientific articles and other journals that support and are relevant to the research title. The results of this study indicate that exposure to the ELF magnetic field can maintain the content of vitamin C, maintain the physical condition of the fruits, and increase the shelf life of fruits by maintaining pH by slowing down or increasing the pH, this is done by killing acid-forming microorganisms, In addition, exposure to the ELF magnetic field can reduce the respiration rate and the rate of ethylene production in fruits, this has an impact on extending the shelf life of fruits. The intensity and duration of exposure to the ELF magnetic field must be adjusted to the type and character of the fruit itself. Thus, it can be concluded that exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic fields are able to maintain vitamin C content, maintain the physical condition of fruits, and increase the shelf life of fruits.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pencetak Biopelet dari Sekam Padi
Authors: Monoarfa Supriandi , Djafar Romi , Akuba Syamsu , Haluti Siradjuddin
Published: December 2022

Energy is one of the most important community needs in supporting everyday life such as cooking. The energy in question can come from fossil fuels or wood. However, its availability will decrease over time, especially fossil fuels. Therefore, it is necessary to have other alternatives as a substitute for fuel. One of the materials that can be used as an energy source is biopellet. This study aims to design a machine used to make biopellets. The biopellet in this study was made from rice husk as raw material. This research was conducted through several stages, namely design and design, manufacture and fabrication, and testing. The biopellet printing machine has a tube-like shape with an outer diameter of 300 mm, whereas on the inside there is a mold with a hole with a diameter of 15 mm. The biopellet printing machine is also equipped with a roller that functions to press the dough to pass through the mold. Tests for making biopellets were carried out three times with different compositions of raw materials. The first test consisted of adhesive and rice husk with a ratio of 0.50:1. The second and third tests have adhesive and rice husk ratios of 0.75:1 and 1:1, respectively. 0.50 liters of water was added to each mixture to form a dough. The test results show that biopellets have different structures and characteristics. The third test had a dense biopellet structure, a smooth and uniform surface, and fewer fractures and cracks. In addition, the productivity is also higher than the first and second tests. This difference is of course many factors that influence, such as emphasis, the main composition of the material, and the size of the main material.
Pengaruh Dosis Pemberian Pupuk NPK Mutiara terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Panjang (Vigna Sinensis L.)
Authors: Pobela Elva , Mokoginta Agustinus , Pasumbuna Henratno , Mamonto Meysi
Published: December 2022

Vegetables are stapled food companion ingredients that must be present in the composition of food consumed by humans. This is because in vegetables there are substances that are needed by the body. Not only to maintain body immunity, but vegetables are also sometimes often used to prevent and treat disease. Increasing demand for vegetable demands increased production as well. However, there are several obstacles that can reduce productivity, including planting media (soil), pests and diseases, as well as the dosage of fertilizer application. One type of vegetable that is widely consumed by the public is long beans. One of the aims of this study was to determine the effect of NPK Mutiara fertilizer on the growth and production of long beans. This research was carried out in the form of an experiment in the field using the Randomized Block Design Method (RBD) with 6 treatments repeated 4 times so that there were 24 study plots. Long beans were planted with the treatment of Pearl NPK fertilizer which consisted of 6 treatments, namely: PK 0 (control), PK 1 = 10 gr, PK 2 = 15 gr, PK 3 = 20 gr, PK 4 = 25 gr, PK 5 = 30 gr per plot. Variables observed included vine length, number of pods, and pod weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if it had a significant effect, then it was continued with the 5% Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Based on the results of the study it was known that at the age of 10 HST, 20 HST, and 30 HST the application of Mutiara NPK fertilizer had no significant effect on the height of long bean plants (Vigna sinensis L.).
Mekanisme Pembuatan Briket Berbasis Limbah Pertanian yang Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Firdani Febi Navila Ella , Sudarti Sudarti
Published: December 2022

The problems that are often encountered are the problem of garbage or waste from human activities, these activities include households, agriculture, factories, and others. The purpose of this research is to reduce waste or waste that is really needed at this time whether it is used for other alternative sources that are environmentally friendly, so that waste or waste from agricultural activities does not continue to increase, organic fertilizer and briquettes or charcoal can be used. In this study using the method of literature review from various international journals. The journal used starts from the past 10 years, namely 2012-2022 and searches for it via Google Scolar. Keywords used when searching journals on Google Scolar such as "agricultural waste processing", "briquette management", and "agricultural waste". Garbage is the remains of human activities that are not reused but can produce a useful new product. There are various types of waste or waste, one of which is agricultural waste which can produce products that are beneficial to the environment or environmentally friendly. Agricultural waste is the part of agricultural plants from the top or shoots to the remaining stems after harvesting activities. Utilization of agricultural waste is very useful for humans, the environment, and other living things. One of the uses of this agricultural waste is as briquettes which are a new alternative source that is environmentally friendly because it comes from various plant residues produced during harvesting activities. Most of the agricultural waste comes from rice. So, the existence of agricultural waste can be used as a new alternative source that is environmentally friendly and inexpensive.
Monitoring of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) on the Brassica oleracea L. collection in the vicinity of St. Petersburg
Authors: Zakharova Yu. A. , Frolov A. N. , Artemyeva A. M.
Published: December 2022

Background. Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) has now acquired the status of the most dangerous pest of plants from the Brassicaceae family in the world, including Russia. In order to identify genotypes resistant to the pest, cabbage accessions from the VIR global collection were assessed in the field according to plant infestation and damage by diamondback moth in the vicinity of St. Petersburg.

Materials and methods. The infestation of plants by diamondback moth was assessed on model accessions when examining all plants in the plot by (1) the number of larvae and pupae, and (2) leaf damage, assessed using a standard scoring scale. The number of adults was monitored using sticky Delta traps of two designs: (1) cardboard traps equipped with commercial dispensers with synthetic sex pheromone, and (2) plastic LED traps designed at VIZR.

Results. The results of field surveys attested to very high variation among cabbage accessions in the rates of infestation and damage to plants caused by diamondback moth. The data on the abundance of adults caught by pheromone traps correlated well with the estimates of larval and pupal density of the pest on plants. The capture rate of diamondback moths with LED traps varied greatly during the season. In June/early July, i.e., during the period of the so called “white” nights, LED traps caught diamondback moths much worse than pheromone ones, but during the second half of July and August their capture rate significantly exceeded that of pheromone traps. As a result, the relationship between numbers of diamondback moth larvae on plants and adults in LED traps turned out to be negative. Conclusion. The resulting materials indicate obvious prospects of studying the VIR global collection in order to identify sources of host plant resistance to diamondback moth. The abundance of this pest in northern regions of its spreading is recommended to be controlled with pheromone traps.