bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cluster randomised controlled trial of a secondary school intervention to reduce intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages: Mid‐intervention impact of switchURsip environmental strategies
Authors: Sutherland Rachel , Ying Ooi Jia , Finch Meghan , Yoong Sze Lin , Nathan Nicole , Wrigley Jessica , Reilly Kathryn , Janssen Lisa , Wiggers John , Wolfenden Luke
Published: February 2021

Issue addressed

Secondary schools provide an opportune setting for interventions addressing excessive sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in adolescence. This trial aimed to assess the impact of school environmental strategies, delivered as part of a broader intervention, among Year 7‐9 students’ SSB consumption.

Methods

Between March and July 2018, we conducted a cluster randomised controlled trial with 862 students attending six secondary schools (3 intervention and 3 control) in New South Wales. The intervention targeted SSB availability, placement, promotion and pricing, and increased availability and promotion of water. Control schools followed their usual programmes. Primary outcomes included mean daily SSB consumption (millilitres) and mean daily percentage energy from SSB (kilojoules). Sub‐group analysis explored primary outcomes for gender, school year level and frequency of canteen use.

Results

Of the 2265 eligible students, 1092 (50.2%) provided active parental consent and 940 (86.0%) participated in baseline data collection. No significant differences were observed between groups at follow‐up for mean daily SSBs consumed (−10.17 mL, CI: −24.78; 45.12, P = 0.57) or mean daily percentage energy from SSBs (−0.20%, CI: −0.87; 0.47, P = .56). Significant effects were observed among girls in intervention compared to girls in control schools for mean daily SSB consumption (−52.02 mL, CI 99.8; 94.14, P = .03) and mean daily percentage of energy from SSBs (−0.90%, CI: −1.82; 0.02, P = .05).

Conclusions

At 3‐month mid‐intervention evaluation, the intervention failed to impact on mean daily consumption and mean percentage energy from SSBs, overall. However, an intervention effect was observed in girls. The limited overall effect is likely due to inadequate intervention dose related to the short duration, limiting opportunities for schools to fully implement the environmental strategies.

So what?

A longer intervention duration with additional implementation support to allow adequate time to embed the strategies within the school is recommended. Implementation support strategies would ensure staff are supported throughout the process.
The performance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody point‐of‐care tests on oral fluid or whole blood and dried blood spot testing for HCV serology and viral load among individuals at higher risk for HCV in South Africa
Authors: Prabdial‐Sing Nishi , Gaelejwe Lucinda , Makhathini Lillian , Thaver Jayendrie , Manamela Morubula Jack , Malfeld Susan , Spearman C. Wendy , Sonderup Mark , Scheibe Andrew , Young Katherine , Hausler Harry , Puren Adrian J.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims

To enhance screening and diagnosis in those at‐risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV), efficient and improved sampling and testing is required. We investigated the performance of point‐of‐care (POC) tests and dried blood spots (DBS) for HCV antibody and HCV RNA quantification in individuals at higher risk for HCV (people who use and inject drugs, sex workers and men who have sex with men) in seven South African cities.

Methods

Samples were screened on the OraQuick HCV POC test (471 whole blood and 218 oral fluid); 218 whole blood and DBS paired samples were evaluated on the ARCHITECT HCV antibody (Abbott) and HCV viral load (COBAS Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan version 2) assays. For HCV RNA quantification, 107 dB were analyzed with and without normalization coefficients.

Results

POC on either whole blood or oral fluid showed an overall sensitivity of 98.5% (95% CI 97.4‐99.5), specificity of 98.2% (95% CI 98.8‐100) and accuracy of 98.4% (95% CI 96.5‐99.3). On the antibody immunoassay, DBS showed a sensitivity of 96.0% (95% CI 93.4‐98.6), specificity of 97% (95% CI 94.8‐99.3) and accuracy of 96.3% (95% CI 93.8‐98.8). A strong correlation (R2 = 0.90) between viral load measurements for DBS and plasma samples was observed. After normalization, DBS viral load results showed an improved bias from 0.5 to 0.16 log10 IU/mL.

Conclusion

The POC test performed sufficiently well to be used for HCV screening in at‐risk populations. DBS for diagnosis and quantification was accurate and should be considered as an alternative sample to test. POC and DBS can help scale up hepatitis services in the country, in light of our elimination goals.
Heavy menstrual bleeding awareness among Saudi female population and clinical implications
Authors: Alsalman Mortadah , Albarak Ashjan , Busaleh Fatemah , Alshaikh Salwa , Alluwaim Mariam , Busaleh Mariya , Albarrak Ayman
Published: February 2021

Background

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common clinical problem. However, seeking medical advice might be delayed until patients develop several clinical consequences.

Aim

To assess the prevalence and awareness of HMB among the Saudi female population and measures that are commonly used to control the bleeding.

Method

This is a cross‐sectional study where a trained study team member carried out a survey. The survey includes patient demographics and medications history, comorbidities, blood transfusion, and patient perception about her period. HMB was defined as bleeding lasting >7 days, flooding or changing protection more than every 2 hours, and passing clots >1 in. in diameter.

Results

Four hundred and thirty‐one women were evaluated for HMB with a median age of 27.72 ± 7.75. Out of the total number, 281 (65.2%) females were identified to have HMB. Among these 281 females, only 35.6% were aware of having HMB, whereas 64.4% either unaware or unsure about having it. For those who were aware of having HMB, only 32% seek medical advice, particularly gynecology clinic though 46.6% were not satisfied with offered management. On the other hand, 28% and 3.9% of those unaware of having HMB did required iron supplementation and blood transfusion, respectively.

Conclusion

HMB is a major clinical problem though awareness about having HMB lacks regardless of the age and education level. Raising awareness and a multidisciplinary approach may result in early diagnosis, early intervention, and reduction of clinical consequences.
Sources of variability in springwater chemistry in Fool Creek, a high‐elevation catchment of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA
Authors: Rhoades Charles C. , Fegel Timothy S. , Covino Timothy P. , Dwire Kathleen A. , Elder Kelly
Published: February 2021

Springs are the point of origin for most headwater streams and are important regulators of their chemical composition. We analysed solute concentrations of water emerging from 57 springs within the 3 km2 Fool Creek catchment at the Fraser Experimental Forest and considered sources of spatial variation among them and their influence on the chemical composition of downstream water. On average, calcium and acid neutralizing capacity (bicarbonate‐ANC) comprised 50 and 90% of the cation and anion charge respectively, in both spring and stream water. Variation in inorganic chemical composition among springs reflected distinct groundwater sources and catchment geology. Springs emerging through glacial deposits in the upper portion of the catchment were the most dilute and similar to snowmelt, whereas lower elevation springs were more concentrated in cations and ANC. Water emerging from a handful of springs in a geologically faulted portion of the catchment were more concentrated than all others and had a predominant effect on downstream ion concentrations. Chemical similarity indicated that these springs were linked along surface and subsurface flowpaths. This survey shows that springwater chemistry is influenced at nested spatial scales including broad geologic conditions, elevational and spatial attributes and isolated local features. Our results highlight the role of overlapping factors on solute export from headwater catchments.
Sap flow and plant water sources for typical vegetation in a subtropical humid karst area of southwest China
Authors: Zeng Xiangming , Xu Xianli , Yi Ruzhou , Zhong Feixia , Zhang Yaohua
Published: February 2021

Plant water use plays a crucial part in the soil–plant‐atmosphere continuum. However, in karst regions, plants frequently suffer from water shortages due to low soil water storage capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to understand plant water consumption (as determined by sap flow) and seasonal variation of water sources to improve water management in karst catchments. In this study, thermal dissipation probes (TDP), calibrated using empirical equations, were used to measure the sap flow of three typical woody vegetations, including Coriaria nepalensis (sparse‐shrub), Toona sinensis (secondary forest) and Populus adenopoda (shrub‐grass). Oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes were used to analyze seasonal variation of plant water sources. The results showed that: (1) T. Sinensis (3.89 ± 3.87 L·day−1) had significantly higher daily sap flow than C. nepalensis (0.33 ± 0.37 L·day−1) and P. adenopoda (0.09 ± 0.12 L·day−1); (2) daily sap flow was closely correlated to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD); (3) over the entire study period, plants mainly used water from the surface soil horizons; and (4) a greater proportion of epikarst water was used for C. nepalensis than by T. sinensis and P. adenopoda over the whole growth stage, and more epikarst water was used in early and mid‐growth stages compared to the late stage for the three species. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the plant water use strategies in karst regions, and is helpful for ecosystem management.
The LINC01410/miR‐122‐5p/NDRG3 axis is involved in the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Ma Weiguo , Zhao Xin , Xue Ning , Gao Yun , Xu Qingxia
Published: February 2021

Purpose

It is generally accepted that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as vital regulators of tumor development and progression. Long intergenic non‐coding RNA 1410 (LINC01410) is a newly discovered lncRNA, and its role in osteosarcoma (OS) is yet to be determined.

Materials and methods

The expression of LINC01410, microRNA‐122‐5p (miR‐122‐5p), and N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 3 (NDRG3) in OS tissues was determined using reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR. Interactions between LINC01410, miR‐122‐5p, and NDRG3 were predicted and verified using bioinformatics tools and luciferase assays. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using cell counting Kit‐8 and Transwell assays.

Results

LINC01410 was overexpressed in OS tissues. Furthermore, it was confirmed that LINC01410 facilitated OS cell proliferation and migration. Our studies also showed that LINC01410 binds to miR‐122‐5p, and miR‐122‐5p binds to NDRG3. Finally, we observed that LINC01410 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of OS cells. Knockdown of LINC01410 resulted in the upregulation of miR‐122‐5p and downregulation of NDRG3.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that the LINC01410/miR‐122‐5p/NDRG3 axis is involved in the progression of OS.
Grappling With Ideas: Adolescent Writers in a Rural African American Community
Authors: Spence Lucy K. , Walker Robert M.
Published: February 2021

An African American teacher and students engaged in meaningful reading and writing that included African American literature. These literacy experiences allowed the development of cultural models through exploring identity, questioning dominant narratives, and building capacity for literary analysis. This study shows how meaningful literacy pedagogy for African American students can be implemented during the school day despite the pressures of a heavily constrained curriculum.
Double‐flow convolutional neural network for rapid large field of view Fourier ptychographic reconstruction
Authors: Sun Minglu , Shao Lina , Zhu Youqiang , Zhang Yuxi , Wang Shaoxin , Wang Yukun , Diao Zhihui , Li Dayu , Mu Quanquan , Xuan Li
Published: February 2021

Fourier ptychographic microscopy is a promising imaging technique which can circumvent the space‐bandwidth product of the system and achieve a reconstruction result with wide field‐of‐view (FOV), high‐resolution and quantitative phase information. However, traditional iterative‐based methods typically require multiple times to get convergence, and due to the wave vector deviation in different areas, the millimeter‐level full‐FOV cannot be well reconstructed once and typically required to be separated into several portions with sufficient overlaps and reconstructed separately, which makes traditional methods suffer from long reconstruction time for a large‐FOV (of the order of minutes) and limits the application in real‐time large‐FOV monitoring of live sample in vitro. Here we propose a novel deep‐learning based method called DFNN which can be used in place of traditional iterative‐based methods to increase the quality of single large‐FOV reconstruction and reducing the processing time from 167.5 to 0.1125 second. In addition, we demonstrate that by training based on the simulation dataset with high‐entropy property (Opt. Express 28, 24 152 [2020]), DFNN could has fine generalizability and little dependence on the morphological features of samples. The superior robustness of DFNN against noise is also demonstrated in both simulation and experiment. Furthermore, our model shows more robustness against the wave vector deviation. Therefore, we could achieve better results at the edge areas of a single large‐FOV reconstruction. Our method demonstrates a promising way to perform real‐time single large‐FOV reconstructions and provides further possibilities for real‐time large‐FOV monitoring of live samples with sub‐cellular resolution.
Line field confocal optical coherence tomography: An adjunctive tool in the diagnosis of autoimmune bullous diseases
Authors: Tognetti Linda , Cinotti Elisa , Suppa Mariano , Guazzo Raffaella , Habougit Cyril , Santi Francesco , Diet Gwendoline , Fontaine Margot , Berot Vincent , Monnier Jilliana , Pianigiani Elisa , del Marmol Véronique , Malvehy Joseph , Perrot Jean‐Luc , Rubegni Pietro
Published: February 2021

Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) still represent a considerable a source of morbidity and mortality: early identification of a specific AIBD is often difficult due to overlapping clinical and/or laboratory features and time‐consuming invasive laboratory tests. We aimed to investigate the potential role of a new imaging technology, line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT), in the non‐invasive diagnosis of AIBDs. LC‐OCT was performed at lesional, perilesional and contralateral healthy sites in 30 patients, before histology and direct immunofluorescence. LC‐OCT examination was able to identify the level of split (subcorneal/suprabasal/subepidermal/sublamina densa), to provide detailed images of the bulla roof morphology and content (eg, erythrocytes/acantholytic cells/polymorphonucleates). Areas of intra/subepidermal detachment were also detected also at clinically normal perilesional skin sites. LC‐OCT can support physicians, real time and at bed‐site, in the differential diagnosis of various AIBDs and their mimickers. Moreover, it can be used for the identification of subclinical lesions and therapy tapering.
Investigation of the effect of clinically relevant interferents on glucose monitoring using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Fuglerud Silje Skeide , Ellingsen Reinold , Aksnes Astrid , Hjelme Dag Roar
Published: February 2021

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is a promising technique for continuous blood glucose monitoring for diabetic patients. Four interferents, at physiological concentrations, were introduced to study how the glucose predictions varied with a standard multivariate calibration model. Lactate and ethanol were found to interfere strongly with the glucose predictions unless they were included in the calibration models. Lactate was mistaken for glucose and gave erroneously high glucose predictions, with a dose response of 0.46 mM/mM. The presence of ethanol resulted in too low glucose predictions, with a dose response of −0.43 mM/mM. Acetaminophen, a known interferent in the glucose monitoring devices used for diabetes management today, was not found to be an interferent in NIR spectroscopy, nor was caffeine. Thus, interferents that may appear in high concentrations, such as ethanol and lactate, must be included in the calibration or model building of future NIR‐based glucose measurement devices for diabetes monitoring.
Understanding the binding mechanism of succinic acid against phospholipase A2 from bee venom
Authors: Nidamarthi H. V. Kutumbarao , Choudhury Manisha , Velmurugan Devadasan
Published: February 2021

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is responsible for the release of fatty acids from glycerophospholipids. PLA2 is commonly found in mammalian tissues. It is also found in venom from different animals ranging from insects, arachnid, and snakes. The release of arachidonic acid in large amount results in inflammation and pain. Identification of compounds that can inhibit the activity of PLA2 is of large scientific and medicinal interest as these compounds can act as antidotes toward snake bites and bee stings. Among the different compounds that have been tested for inhibition of PLA2, a secondary metabolite succinic acid is identified to inhibit PLA2 activity. The inhibition was analyzed using an in vitro PLA2 inhibition assay and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies. The molecular mechanism of the mode of inhibition was studied using molecular docking and simulation studies.
Modulating NF‐κB, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling by ergothioneine attenuates iron overload‐induced hepatocellular injury in rats
Authors: Salama Samir A. , Omar Hany A.
Published: February 2021

The liver is highly susceptible to iron overload‐evoked oxidative injury. Ergothioneine is a thio‐histidine amino acid that has exhibited strong antioxidant and metal chelating activities. This study aimed at exploring the potential modulating effects of ergothioneine on iron‐triggered liver injury. The results showed that ergothioneine inhibited iron‐evoked inflammation and apoptosis as demonstrated by a significant reduction in tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 levels and in caspase‐3 activity. Ergothioneine significantly improved liver cell survival as indicated by modulating phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B signaling. Consistent with reduced necrotic cell death, ergothioneine diminished the iron‐evoked histopathological changes and decreased serum activity of the liver enzymes. Mechanistically, ergothioneine reduced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B p65 and modulated p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase/c‐Fos signaling. In addition, it enhanced the liver tissue antioxidant potential and curbed hepatic iron load. Together, these results point out the modulatory effects of ergothioneine on iron‐evoked liver cell injury that are possibly mediated via anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and possible iron chelation capabilities.
Cytotoxicity, anti‐microbial studies of M(II)‐dithiocarbamate complexes, and molecular docking study against SARS COV2 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase
Authors: Al‐Janabi Ahmed S. M. , Saleh Abdulrahman M. , Hatshan Mohammad R.
Published: February 2021

Ten transition metal dithiocarbamate (DTC)complexes of the type [M(κ2‐Et2DT)2] (1–5), and [M(κ2‐PyDT)2] (6–10) (where M = Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, and Pt; Et2DT = diethyl dithiocarbamate; PyDT = pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) were synthesized and characterized by different methods. The dithiocarbamate acted as bidentate chelating ligands to afford a tetrahedral complexes with Co(II) ion and square planner with other transition metal ions. The dithiocarbamate complexes showed good activity against the pathogen bacteria species. The results showed the Pt‐dithiocarbamate complexes are more active against all the tested bacteria than the Pd‐dithiocarbamate complex. The dithiocarbamate complexes displayed the maximum inhibition zone against E. coli bacteria, whereas the lowest activity of the dithiocarbamate against Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. The cytotoxicity of the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes was screened against the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line and the complexes showed moderate activity compared with the cis‐platin. The results indicated that the MCF7 cells treated with 500 μg\ml of ligands and Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes after 24 hr exposure showed intercellular space and dead cells. Finally, molecular docking studies were carried out to examine the binding mode of the synthesized compounds against the proposed target; SARS COV2 RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase.
Reverse culture shock, distress symptoms and psychological well‐being of fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Mubeen , Kamal Anila , Imtiaz Sara , Hayee Aliya A.
Published: February 2021

This study explored to what extent does reverse culture shock predict the level of anxiety, depression, and psychological well‐being among fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan, in addition to finding out the relationship between the study variables. Participants consisted of 124 fresh foreign degree holders (109 men and 15 women) who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Reverse Culture Shock Scale, Major Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and WHO‐5 Well‐being Index were used to measure study variables. Results show that reverse culture shock is a strong predictor of psychological well‐being explaining 23% variance in well‐being scores of fresh foreign degree holders. As hypothesized, it has positive associations with distress symptoms including anxiety and depression, whereas, a negative correlation was found with psychological well‐being and the age of fresh foreign degree holders. However, contrary to the hypothesis, reverse culture shock has no association with time passed since arrival back home and duration of stay abroad.
Identification of small extracellular vesicle subtypes in follicular fluid: Insights into the function and miRNA profiles
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Meng Kai , Wang Hengqin , Wang Ying , Zhao Yunqi , Kang Jian , Zhang Yong , Quan Fusheng
Published: February 2021

The study of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) heterogeneity is one of the main problems that must be solved, and the different sEV subtypes in follicular fluid are still unclear, limiting our understanding of their function. This study first separated sEV subtypes from follicular fluid using differential ultracentrifugation combined with iodixanol density gradient flotation and then evaluated their miRNA profile and effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). We also performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of potential target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and KEGG analysis of potential target genes of non‐DEMs. Low‐density sEVs (sEV_F6) were enriched in TSG101, while high‐density sEVs (sEV_F8) were enriched in CD63. The miRNA profiles of sEV_F6 and sEV_F8 were heterogeneous, and the differential signaling pathways were mainly related to the adhesion and hypoxic stress pathways, while the same signaling pathways were mainly related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy pathways. In addition, the highly expressed miRNAs in both subtypes were mainly related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Both subtypes transferred their miRNAs into GCs and promoted the proliferation ability of the GCs and inhibited their apoptosis. The results showed for the first time that there are different subtypes of sEVs in follicular fluid and that the miRNA profiles of subtypes are heterogeneous.
ATAD3A stabilizes GRP78 to suppress ER stress for acquired chemoresistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Huang Kevin Chih‐Yang , Chiang Shu‐Fen , Yang Pei‐Chen , Ke Tao‐Wei , Chen Tsung‐Wei , Lin Chen‐Yu , Chang Hsin‐Yu , Chen William Tzu‐Liang , Chao Kun‐San Clifford
Published: February 2021

AAA domain containing 3A (ATAD3A) is a nucleus‐encoded mitochondrial protein with vital function in communication between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria which is participated in cancer metastasis. Here we show that elevated ATAD3A expression is clinically associated with poor 5‐year disease‐free survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), especially high‐risk CRC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Our results indicated ATAD3A is significantly upregulated to reduce chemotherapy‐induced cancer cell death. We found that knockdown of ATAD3A leads to dysregulation in protein processing for inducing ER stress by RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). In response to chemotherapy‐induced ER stress, ATAD3A interacts with elevated GRP78 protein to assist protein folding and alleviate ER stress for cancer cell survival. This reduction of ER stress leads to reduce the surface exposure of calreticulin, which is the initiator of immunogenic cell death and antitumor immunity. However, silencing of ATAD3A enhances cell death, triggers the feasibility of chemotherapy‐induced ER stress for antitumor immunity, increases infiltration of T lymphocytes and delays tumor regrowth in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, CRC patients with less ATAD3A have high density of CD45+ intratumoral infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and memory CD45RO+ TILs. Taken together, our results suggest that pharmacologic targeting to ATAD3A might be a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance antitumor immunity for CRC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy.
Communicating Resource Scarcity and Interpersonal Connection
Authors: Donnelly Grant E. , Wilson Anne V. , Whillans Ashley V. , Norton Michael I.
Published: February 2021

Consumers often cite insufficient time or money as an excuse for rejecting social invitations. We explore the effectiveness of these excuses in preserving interpersonal relationships. Six studies – including perceptions of couples planning their wedding – demonstrate that using time scarcity as an excuse (e.g., “I don’t have time”) is less effective than using money scarcity as an excuse (e.g., “I don’t have money”). These effects are driven by the perceived controllability of these resources: Consumers accept that the availability of financial resources may be less subject to personal control than the availability of time. As a result, excuses citing time constraints are seen as less trustworthy and reduce feelings of interpersonal closeness and helping behavior. Despite the robustness of the effect, excuse‐givers do not predict the relational disadvantages of citing time constraints. Communication that highlights the relative uncontrollability of time increases the effectiveness of these excuses. These findings advance our understanding of the role of references to time and money in consumer behavior, and provide practical insights to minimize social repercussions when rejecting social invitations.
Characterization of the microbial community in a biotrickling filter treating a complex mixture of gaseous compounds causing odor nuisance
Authors: Aguirre Alberto , Gentina Juan C , Malhautier Luc , Fanlo Jean‐Louis , Vergara‐Fernandez Alberto , Scott Felipe , Aroca Germán
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Industrial gaseous emissions causing odor nuisance has become a major environmental issue in many countries. Biotrickling filters are suitable for treating mixtures of gaseous compounds with high removal efficiencies. The aim of this work was to determine the vertical distribution of microbial communities established in a biotrickling filter treating a mixture of gaseous compounds causing odor nuisance, and to correlate its performance with the spatial and temporal distribution of inoculated bacteria.

RESULTS

In the long‐term operation, at day 538, the removal efficiencies were 100% for ammonia and H2S, 73% for methanol, 63% for trimethylamine, 41% for dimethylsulphide, and 32% for 2,5‐dimethylpirazyne; the elimination capacities were 1.5 [g NH3 m−3bed h−1], 0.7 [g H2S m−3bed h−1], 0.7 [g MeOH m−3bed h−1], 3.3 [g TMA m−3bed h−1], 0.21 [g DMS m−3bed h−1], and 0.6 [g 2,5‐DMP m−3bed h−1]. A stratification pattern of pollutants degradation along the biotrickling filter (BTF) was identified, where most of the removal of NH3, TMA, and H2S occurred at the lower level of the column, the removal of methanol and 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine occurred at low and medium levels, and the removal of dimethylsulphide occurred mainly at the upper levels. High‐throughput DNA sequencing analysis showed a colonization by bacteria genera different from the inoculated and a stratification of these bacteria along the BTF.

CONCLUSION

There is stratification in the biofilm of a biotrickling filter during its long‐term operation, and a relationship between the stratification of the microbial communities and the removal of the complex mixture of gases was identified. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
A case of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated gastroenteritis detected by ultrasonography
Authors: Omotehara Satomi , Nishida Mutsumi , Yamanashi Kana , Sakurai Kensuke , Katsurada Takehiko , Komatsu Yoshito , Shimizu Ai , Shibuya Hitoshi , Shinagawa Naofumi , Sugita Junichi , Teshima Takanori
Published: February 2021

While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have antitumor effects, they also have characteristic side effects, including colitis. However, gastritis has rarely been reported. We report a case of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma who presented with epigastric pain and diarrhea following pembrolizumab administration. Sonography of the abdomen demonstrated diffuse, although mild, gastric wall thickening (mainly in the submucosa), as well as a slight decrease in echogenicity throughout the gastric wall. While the mucosal surface was relatively smooth, color Doppler examination showed increased vascularity. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ICI‐related gastroenteritis.
Reflective writing in dental education to improve critical thinking and learning: A systematic review
Authors: Woldt Janet L. , Nenad Monica W.
Published: February 2021

The Commission on Dental Accreditations states that “graduates must be competent in the use of critical thinking and problem‐solving.” With this in mind, dental education programs continually strive to enhance and deepen these skills by incorporating effective instructional strategies into the curriculum. To do this, predoctoral dental education has used a variety of techniques including problem‐based learning, OSCEs, and standardized patient activities. Another technique, while less popular but potentially more effective if done well, is reflective writing. This study aimed to assess the effect of reflective writing on students’ critical thinking skills and learning in dental education programs. Two database searches conducted between 2000 and 2019 resulted in 317 articles after the initial screening. Ultimately, 13 articles met inclusion criteria. The following recurring factors were identified for inclusion in dental education reflective writing initiative: reflective writing interventions, reflective writing instructions, writing prompts, evaluation frameworks, and negative perceptions of reflective writing. In answering the key aim of this review, 12 of the 13 studies determined that reflective writing had a positive impact on students’ critical thinking, judgment, and/or learning. Key findings included positive effects on student growth in reflection, learning through reflective writing, reflection skills, self‐assessment, critical thinking, clinical reasoning, problem solving, and motivation to change after evaluated experiences. The review indicated that dental education programs, which implemented reflective writing as an assessment tool within the curriculum as a means of developing and deepening critical thinking skills and learning were by and large successful in this effort.
Structural and ultrastructural characterization of the palatine epithelium of the Guinea pig: A new record of telocytes in the oral cavity
Authors: Tomiate André N. , Barbosa Gabriela K. , Rocha Lara C. , Vasconcelos Bruno G. , de Almeida Sonia R. Y. , Miglino Maria A. , Watanabe Ii‐sei , Ciena Adriano P.
Published: February 2021

The morphology of the oral cavity of mammals relates to diet, habitat, and function. The palate is an important region with adaptations for oral somatosensation and mechanical loads due to the pressure of the tongue with food. The research aimed to describe the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the epithelium and the connective tissue cores of the guinea pig palate using macroscopic, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The hard palate had conical and filiform papillae, and the soft palate had open salivary ducts. After the removal of the epithelium, the connective tissue cores revealed thin filaments and laminar projections in the hard palate, and opening ducts were evidenced in the soft palate. The palatine epithelium was keratinized and organized by layers, lamellated corpuscles were found in lamina propria of the hard palate. In contrast, the soft palate had glands clusters associated with nerve fibers, and in both regions were identified telocytes. We concluded that the hard palate presented conical and filiform papillae that differ from other mammals. Besides, it is a new description of the connective tissue cores morphology and the first record of the telocytes in this anatomical region for mammals.
Microscopic implication and evaluation of herbaceous melliferous plants of southern KhyberPakhtunkhwa‐Pakistanusing light and scanning electron microscope
Authors: Ullah Sher Aman , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Ghufran Muhammad Asad , Bursal Ercan , Kilic Omer , Sultana Shazia , Yaseen Ghulam , Khan Siraj , Majeed Salman
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present study is to investigate the pollen morphology of melliferous plant taxa of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‐Pakistan. Using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the palynological study of 18 species of melliferous plants namelyCalendula arvensis,Cenchrus pennisetiformis,Citrullus colocynthis,Cucumis melo subsp. agrestisvar.agrestis,Cucurbita maxima,Cymbopogon jwarancusa,Cynodon dectylon,Dactyloctenium aegyptium,Helianthus annus,Lagenaria siceraria,Launaea procumbens,Luffa cylindrica,Pennisetum glaucum,Saccharum spontaneum,Sonchus asper,Verbesina encelioides,Xanthium strumarium, andZea mayswas carried out. Both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pollen were studied. Variations were observed in pollen morphology. The dominant pollen shape was prolate‐spheroidal (11 species). All the pollen units were monad. The highest exine thickness was found inCitrullus colocynthis(8.45 μm). The maximum polar and equatorial diameter (102 and 97.55 μm) was found inLuffa cylindrica. Similarly, the highestP/Eratio was found inCucurbita maxima(1.46). Most of the species showed tricolpate and monoporate type of pollen. The exine sculpturing, number of spines per pollen and between colpi and the pollen fertility and sterility provided significant results for the documentation of melliferous plants. Thus, the information listed in this article will prove helpful to identify the potential melliferous plants in the area, geographical origin of the honey, and the availability of pure honey in the local and international market.
Morphological and ultrastructural characterization and cuticular armature of the proventriculus in Bolua turkiyae Ünal, 1999 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Polat Irmak
Published: February 2021

The alimentary canal is divided into three parts in insects as foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The intima of the foregut in orthopteran species is covered by cuticular layer which is differentiated into some spicules, microspines, lamellae, teeth, and ordenticles. Arrangement of these cuticular structures and histomorphological features differ in the pharynx, esophagus, crop, and proventriculus parts of the foregut. Moreover, the arrangement of these cuticular structures can vary among insect species. Consequently, these structures can be used as taxonomical characters. In this study, the morphological and ultrastructural features of the proventriculus which is the last part of the foregut in Bolua turkiyae Ünal, 1999 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) were investigated. B. turkiyae is an endemic species and there is no detailed information about the biology of this species. With the use of a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope it was revealed that sclerotized structures with microspines in different morphologies and arrangements are present on the inner surface of the proventriculus. These structures show a high level of similarity despite some differences in Orthoptera.
Identification of anti‐inflammatory vesicle‐like nanoparticles in honey
Authors: Chen Xingyi , Liu Baolong , Li Xingzhi , An Thuy T. , Zhou You , Li Gang , Wu‐Smart Judy , Alvarez Sophie , Naldrett Michael J. , Eudy James , Kubik Gregory , Wilson Richard A. , Kachman Stephen D. , Cui Juan , Yu Jiujiu
Published: February 2021

Honey has been used as a nutrient, an ointment, and a medicine worldwide for many centuries. Modern research has demonstrated that honey has many medicinal properties, reflected in its anti‐microbial, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐inflammatory bioactivities. Honey is composed of sugars, water and a myriad of minor components, including minerals, vitamins, proteins and polyphenols. Here, we report a new bioactive component‒vesicle‐like nanoparticles‒in honey (H‐VLNs). These H‐VLNs are membrane‐bound nano‐scale particles that contain lipids, proteins and small‐sized RNAs. The presence of plant‐originated plasma transmembrane proteins and plasma membrane‐associated proteins suggests the potential vesicle‐like nature of these particles. H‐VLNs impede the formation and activation of the nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat related (NLR) family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is a crucial inflammatory signalling platform in the innate immune system. Intraperitoneal administration of H‐VLNs in mice alleviates inflammation and liver damage in the experimentally induced acute liver injury. miR‐4057 in H‐VLNs was identified in inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, our studies have identified anti‐inflammatory VLNs as a new bioactive agent in honey.
Extracellular vesicles as modifiers of antibody‐drug conjugate efficacy
Authors: Barok Mark , Puhka Maija , Yazdi Narjes , Joensuu Heikki
Published: February 2021

Antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of anti‐cancer drugs that consist of a monoclonal antibody, a highly potent small‐molecule cytotoxic drug, and a chemical linker between the two. ADCs can selectively deliver cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells leading to a reduced systemic exposure and a wider therapeutic window. To date, nine ADCs have received marketing approval, and over 100 are being investigated in nearly 600 clinical trials. The target antigens of at least eight out of the nine approved anti‐cancer ADCs and of 69 investigational ADCs are present on extracellular vesicles (EVs) (tiny particles produced by almost all types of cells) that may carry their contents into local and distant cells. Therefore, the EVs have a potential to mediate both the anti‐cancer effects and the adverse effects of ADCs. In this overview, we discuss the mechanisms of action of ADCs and the resistance mechanisms to them, the EV‐mediated resistance mechanisms to small molecule anti‐cancer drugs and anti‐cancer monoclonal antibodies, and the EVs as modifiers of ADC efficacy and safety.
Non‐farm employment and poverty reduction in Mauritania
Authors: Ba Mamoudou , Anwar Amar , Mughal Mazhar
Published: February 2021

This study examines the effect of non‐farm labour participation on poverty reduction in rural Mauritania. Farm households with more land and livestock participate to a greater extent in non‐farm activities compared with households with smaller land or cattle. We study poverty's relationship with non‐farm labour activities in terms of the incidence as well as the intensity and severity of poverty. The study is the first to highlight the contribution of the non‐agricultural sector in the reduction of poverty in the rural areas of Mauritania. We apply probit, propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting techniques to determine the signs and impacts of participation on poverty reduction. The results show that the probability of being poor is 5.9% lower among households that have at least one member participating in non‐farm activities compared with those only associated with the agriculture sector. Participation in non‐farm activities is associated with lower intensity and severity of poverty (3.6% and 1.9%, respectively). We find that surplus labour released by the agriculture sector is absorbed in the non‐farm economy. Income generation through diversification into non‐farm activities therefore seems to be an effective way to reduce poverty in rural areas.
Genotype and residual enzyme activity in medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency: Are predictions possible?
Authors: Tucci Sara , Wagner Christine , Grünert Sarah C. , Matysiak Uta , Weinhold Natalie , Klein Jeannette , Porta Francesco , Spada Marco , Bordugo Andrea , Rodella Giulia , Furlan Francesca , Sajeva Anna , Menni Francesca , Spiekerkoetter Ute
Published: February 2021

Medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most common defect of mitochondrial β‐oxidation. Confirmation diagnostics after newborn screening (NBS) can be performed either by enzyme testing and/or by sequencing of the ACADM gene. Here, we report the results from enzyme testing in lymphocytes with gene variants from molecular analysis of the ACADM gene and with the initial acylcarnitine concentrations in the NBS sample. From April 2013 to August 2019, in 388 individuals with characteristic acylcarnitine profiles suggestive of MCADD the octanoyl‐CoA‐oxidation was measured in lymphocytes. In those individuals with residual activities <50%, molecular genetic analysis of the ACADM gene was performed. In 50% of the samples (195/388), MCADD with a residual activity ranging from 0% to 30% was confirmed. Forty‐five percent of the samples (172/388) showed a residual activity >35% excluding MCADD. In the remaining 21 individuals, MCAD residual activity ranged from 30% to 35%. The latter group comprised both heterozygous carriers and individuals carrying two gene variants on different alleles. Twenty new variants could be identified and functionally classified based on their effect on enzyme function. C6 and C8 acylcarnitine species in NBS correlated with MCAD activity and disease severity. MCADD was only confirmed in half of the cases referred suggesting a higher false positive rate than expected. Measurement of the enzyme function in lymphocytes allowed fast confirmation diagnostics and clear determination of the pathogenicity of new gene variants. There is a clear correlation between genotype and enzyme function underlining the reproducibility of the functional measurement in vitro.
Normal stages of embryonic development of a brood parasite, the rosy bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes)
Authors: Yi Wenjing , Rücklin Martin , Poelmann Robert E. , Aldridge David C. , Richardson Michael K.
Published: February 2021

Bitterlings, a group of freshwater teleosts, provide a fascinating example among vertebrates of the evolution of brood parasitism. Their eggs are laid inside the gill chamber of their freshwater mussel hosts where they develop as brood parasites. Studies of the embryonic development of bitterlings are crucial in deciphering the evolution of their distinct early life‐history. Here, we have studied 255 embryos and larvae of the rosy bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus) using in vitro fertilization and X‐ray microtomography (microCT). We describe 11 pre‐hatching and 13 post‐hatching developmental stages spanning the first 14 days of development, from fertilization to the free‐swimming stage. In contrast to previous developmental studies of various bitterling species, the staging system we describe is character‐based and therefore more compatible with the widely‐used stages described for zebrafish. Our bitterling data provide new insights into to the polarity of the chorion, and into notochord vacuolization and yolk sac extension in relation to body straightening. This study represents the first application of microCT scanning to bitterling development and provides one of the most detailed systematic descriptions of development in any teleost. Our staging series will be an important tool for heterochrony analysis and other comparative studies of teleost development, and may provide insight into the co‐evolution of brood parasitism.
Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction of Induction Chemotherapy Response in Locally Advanced Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: Comparison With Model‐Free Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Guo Baoliang , Ouyang Fusheng , Ouyang Lizhu , Huang Xiyi , Guo Tiandi , Lin Shaojia , Liu Ziwei , Zhang Rong , Yang Shao‐min , Chen Haixiong , Hu Qiu‐gen
Published: February 2021

Background

Multiparametric intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) provides diffusion and perfusion information for the treatment prediction of cancer. However, the superiority of IVIM over dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma (LAHC) remains unclear.

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic performance of IVIM and model‐free DCE in assessing induction chemotherapy (IC) response in patients with LAHC.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

Forty‐two patients with LAHC.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0 T MRI, including IVIM (12 b values, 0–800 seconds/mm2) with a single‐shot echo planar imaging sequence and DCE‐MRI with a volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination sequence. IVIM MRI is a commercially available sequence and software for calculation and analysis from vendor.

Assessment

The IVIM‐derived parameters (diffusion coefficient [D], pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*], and perfusion fraction [f]) and DCE‐derived model‐free parameters (Wash‐in, time to maximum enhancement [Tmax], maximum enhancement [Emax], area under enhancement curve [AUC] over 60 seconds [AUC60], and whole area under enhancement curve [AUCw]) were measured. At the end of IC, patients with complete or partial response were classified as responders according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.

Statistical Tests

The differences of parameters between responders and nonresponders were assessed using Mann–Whitney U tests. The performance of parameters for predicting IC response was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results

Twenty‐three (54.8%) patients were classified as responders. Compared with nonresponders, the perfusion parameters D*, f, f × D*, and AUCw were significantly higher whereas Wash‐in was lower in responders (all P‐values <0.05). The f × D* outperformed other parameters, with an AUC of 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69–0.93), sensitivity of 79.0% (95% CI: 54.4–93.9), and specificity of 82.6% (95% CI: 61.2–95.0).

Data Conclusion

The IVIM MRI technique may noninvasively help predict the IC response before treatment in patients with LAHC.

Level of Evidence

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2