bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İslam ve Yahudi Hukukunda Karz Akdi
Authors: Faslı Fatmatüzzehra
Published: June 2021

Sosyal bir varlık olarak yaratılan insan, toplumda başka insanlarla iletişim ve etkileşim halindedir. Alışveriş ve borç verme gibi ekonomik faaliyetleri de bu iletişimin bir parçasıdır. Tarih boyunca hukuk sistemleri bu faaliyetleri düzenleyen kurallar koymuş, emirler ve yasaklar vaz’etmiştir. Kaynağı vahiy olan ve bağlılarınca hala uygulanan İslam ve Yahudi Hukuk sistemlerinin karşılaştırıldığı çalışmalar dinler tarihi açısından yapılan çalışmalara oranla daha azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu alandaki çalışmalara bir nebze katkıda bulunmaktır. Her iki hukuk sisteminin karz akdi açısından benzer ve farklı yönleri incelenmiştir. Aralarındaki benzerlikler ve farklılıklara değinilmiştir. İslam hukuku ve Yahudi hukukunun borç verme konusu ile ilgili hükümlerindeki benzerliklerin farklılıklardan daha çok olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu iki hukuk sisteminin kaynaklarının aynı olması benzerliğin en doğal sebebidir. Farklılıklar ise Yahudilerin hukuk ve zamanla değişen hayat şartları arasındaki uyumu sağlamak adına dinî kuralları değiştiren yorumlarından dolayıdır.
THE PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM FOR SYSTEM OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, Almaty, Assanova A.T. , Shynarbek Ye. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, AlmatyInstitute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, Almaty
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the parameter identification problem for system of ordinary differential equations is considered. The parameter identification problem for system of ordinary differential equations is investigated by the Dzhumabaev’s parametrization method. At first, conditions for a unique solvability of the parameter identification problem for system of ordinary differential equations are obtained in the term of fundamental matrix of system’s differential part. Further, we establish conditions for a unique solvability of the parameter identification problem for system of ordinary differential equations in the terms of initial data. Algorithm for finding of approximate solution to a unique solvability of the parameter identification problem for system of ordinary differential equations is proposed and the conditions for its convergence are setted. Results this paper can be use for investigating of various problems with parameter and control problems for system of ordinary differential equations. The approach in this paper can be apply to the parameter identification problems for partial differential equations.
Denetimli Serbestlik Uygulanan Bağımlı Hastalarda Psikoeğitimin Bireysel Başetme ve Umut-Umutsuzluk Düzeylerine Etkisi
Authors: Ertekin Tipigil Sevde , Baysan Arabacı Leyla
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Çalışma, denetimli serbestliği ve bağımlılığı olan bireylere uygulanan psikoeğitimin bireysel başetme ve umut-umutsuzluk düzeylerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Denetimli serbestliği olan bireylere“ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen” de Mart 2018-Haziran 2019 tariheri arasında yürütülen araştırmada, veri toplamak için Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Beck Umut-Umutsuzluk Ölçeği, Bireysel Başetme Ölçeği kullanıldı. Araştırma, AMATEM servisinde ayaktan ya da yatarak tedavi olan denetimli serbestliği olan 18 hasta (8 hasta uygulama ve 10 hasta kontrol) ile yürütülmüştür.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya katılan bireyler, denetimli serbestlik uygulamasını caydırıcı bulduğunu ve yarar gördüğünü belirtmiştir. Her iki grubun, Beck Umut-Umutsuzluk Ölçeği ve Bireysel Başetme ölçeği toplam, motivasyon kaybı ve gelecekle ilgili beklenti alt ölçeklerine ait ön test-son test puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunamamış, ancak gelecekle ilgili duygular alt ölçek puanlarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklı olduğu saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Her iki grupta yer alan bireylerin hafif düzeyde umutsuzluk yaşadığı ve uygulanan psikoeğitim programının bağımlı bireylerin umut-umutsuzluk düzeylerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde değiştirmediği saptanmıştır. Buna karşın bireysel başetme becerilerinden dini olarak başetme (kaderci olma) ve madde kulanma eğilimlerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde azaltarak bir değişim yarattığı gözlenmiştir.
Cinsiyet Perspektifinden Risk Alma Davranışı ve İnternet Bağımlılığı
Authors: Ladikli Nefise , Ziyalar Neylan
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma, cinsiyet değişkeni kapsamında risk alma davranışlarını ve internet kullanımını incelemeyi, internet bağımlılığı ile gündelik hayatın belirli alanlardaki risk alma davranışları arasındaki olası bağlantıları ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Araştırmaya 260’ı (%48,2) kadın, 279’u (%51,8) erkek 539 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcılara sosyodemografik form, risk alma davranışlarının incelenebilmesi için Belirli Alanlara Özgü Risk Tutumları Ölçeği (BARTÖ), normal ve riskli internet kullanımı ile internet bağımlılığının değerlendirilebilmesi için İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği (İBÖ) uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Kadın ve erkeklerin risk alma davranışları alt boyutlarına ait sıra ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Erkeklerin gündelik yaşamda etik, şans oyunları ve güvenlik alt boyutunda, kadınların ise sosyal alt boyutta yüksek ortalamaya sahip olduğu, internet bağımlılığı puanlarının ortalamaları arasında ise anlamlı bir farklılığın bulunmadığı görülmüştür. İnternet bağımlılığı ile risk alma davranışı alt boyutlarının tamamı arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Söz konusu ilişkide cinsiyetin etkisini görebilmek adına cinsiyet gruplarına göre ayrılan veri analiz edilmiş, kadınların ve erkeklerin İBÖ toplam puanları ile BARTÖ alt boyut toplam puanlarının tamamı arasında anlamlı ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ortalama internet kullanan grubun tüm risk alma davranışı alanlarında, internet bağımlısı ve internet bağımlılığı riski altındaki bireylerden daha düşük ortalamalara sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Risk alma davranışının internet bağımlılığı düzeyine göre değişkenlik gösterdiği ve internet bağımlılığı ile risk alma davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin cinsiyet gruplarına göre farklılaştığı ortaya konmuştur.
Kıbrıs Türk Toplumunda Kumar Alt Kültürü
Authors: Macit Ruken
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Kıbrıs Türk toplumu ‘aşırı yüksek’ kumar oynama davranış yaygınlığı (PPK) ile dünyada kumar bağımlılığının en fazla olduğu dört toplumdan biri olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Kıbrıs Türk toplumundaki kumar kültürünün tarihsel boyutunu ve kumar bağımlılığının kumarhanelerde bir alt kültür olarak olarak nasıl şekillendiğini analiz etmektir.
Yöntem: KKTC’nin Girne şehrinde yaşayan 20 kumarcı ve 1 Kumarhane Müdürü ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma çerçevesinde nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Kumarın kumarcılar için anlamı, kumarhane rutinleri (kumarhaneye ne kadar sıklıkla gittikleri, kimlerle gittikleri, hangi kumar türlerini oynadıkları, kumardaki batıl inançları) ve kumarcıların hayalleri ile ilgili dikkat çekici bulgular elde edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Toplumdaki genel kanının aksine kumarcılar için kumarın anlamı öncelikle “zevk alma ve rahatlama”dır. Para kazanma isteği ikinci ya da üçüncü amaç olarak görülmektedir. Kıbrıs Türk toplumunda kumar oynama davranışı sosyalleşme ve eğlenme amacıyla yapılan bir etkinlik olmanın çok ötesine geçerek kumar bağımlılığının ileri aşamalarına ulaşmıştır. KKTC’nin siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı bu sürecin şekillenmesindeki en önemli unsurdur.
Characteristics of Cases Hospitalized in a Mental Health and Diseases Hospital within the scope of Article 432 of the Turkish Civil Code
Authors: Örüm Mehmet Hamdi
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of cases hospitalized in Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital (MHDH) within the scope of article 432 of the Turkish Civil Code (TCC 432).
Method: The records of the cases hospitalized in Elazığ MHDH with the decision of TCC 432 were retrospectively analysed. Sociodemographic and clinical information of the cases were obtained from the hospital registry system. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores on admission and discharge were used.
Results: The mean age of cases (n=101) was 32.79±9.63 years. There were 50 cases (50.5%) who actively used alcohol and/or drugs (16 cases with methamphetamine, 17 cases with mixed substance use). In 75 (74.3%) cases, family members applied for the TCC 432 decision themselves. Thirty-two (31.7%) cases were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 20 (19.8%) cases were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 37 (36.6%) cases were diagnosed with substance use disorder.
Conclusion: The most important finding of this study is the high number of cases (36.63%) with a diagnosis of substance use disorder hospitalized within the scope of the TCC 432 decision. Involuntary hospitalization of the cases to psychiatry departments will continue to be discussed ethically unless necessary steps are taken.
Predictive Effect of Phubbing and Life Satisfaction on Depression Symptoms in Adults
Authors: Parmaksız İzzet
Published: June 2021

Objective: Phubbing, defined as being busy on the phone by ignoring people, and life satisfaction, which appears as a person's attitude to life, also manifest themselves as variables that affect our mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive effect of phubbing and life satisfaction on the depression symptoms level of the individual.
Method: The study group of the research consists of 756 adults (51.7% Female, 48.3% Male) living in Central Anatolia. The data of the study were collected using the Phubbing Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and personal information form.
Results: A significant negative relationship between phubbing and life satisfaction, a significant negative relationship between life satisfaction and depression symptoms, and a significant positive relationship between phubbing and depression symptoms were found. According to the preliminary analysis, depression symptoms scores do not significantly differentiate according to gender; differentiates significantly according to marital status, educational level and perceived personality traits. According to the results of hierarchical regression analysis, life satisfaction and phubbing behavior were found to be medium-level predictors of depression symptoms.
Conclusion: Phubbing has been identified as a new descriptor for depression symptoms. Phubbing and life satisfaction are important predictors for depression symptoms.
Anxiety Sensitivity in Online Gamers
Authors: Kahraman Beyza , Kaya Yertutanol Fatma Duygu
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the levels of game addiction and anxiety sensitivity in young adults who play online games.
Method: The study was conducted cross-sectionally on the sociodemographic data form, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index and the Game Addiction Scale Short Form, which were delivered to volunteers who reported that they played online games through an online research platform. Game addiction was evaluated according to the monothetic and polythetic formats of the scale.
Results: 7.8% of the 438 participants are game addicts according to the Game Addiction Scale Short Form monothetic format, and 40.9% are game addicts according to the polythetic format. Anxiety sensitivity levels in game addicts are higher than in non-game addicts. Anxiety sensitivity is higher in women. According to the monothetic format, game addiction does not differ in terms of age, gender, marital status and educational status, and according to the polythetic format, game addiction is higher in undergraduate and widow/divorced individuals.
Conclusion: As a trait-like factor, anxiety sensitivity may lay the groundwork for game addiction. The relationship between anxiety sensitivity and problematic game playing needs to be examined in more detail to screen depression and anxiety disorders.
Adölesanların Madde Bağımlılığından Korunmaya İlişkin Öz Yeterlikleri ile Ebeveyn Bağlanma Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Ayhan Fatma , Çöplü Mehtap , Türkmen Ayşe
Published: June 2021

ÖZET
Amaç: Bu araştırma, Mesleki Eğitim Merkezi’ne devam eden adölesanların madde bağımlılığından korunma öz yeterliklerinin ebeveyn bağlanma düzeyleri ile ilişkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapıldı.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı türde ilişki arayıcı olarak yapılan bu araştırmaya toplam 120 adölesan katıldı. Veri toplama aracı olarak; katılımcılara “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Madde Bağımlılığından Korunma Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği (MBKÖÖ)” ve “Ana Babaya Bağlanma Ölçeği (ABBÖ- The Parental Bonding Instrument; PBI)” uygulandı. Araştırmada anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edildi. Verilerin analizi sürecinde; Levene Homojenlik Testi, Ki-kare Testi, t Testi, ANOVA, Tukey Testi ve Korelasyon Analizi yapıldı.
Bulgular: Adölesanların MBKÖÖ toplam puan ortalamaları 76,47±28,31’dir. MBKÖÖ toplam ve alt boyut puan ortalamaları ile adölesanların bazı demografik özellikleri arasında ilişki tespit edildi (p<0,05). Yaşı 14, annesi ortaöğretim ve üzeri mezunu, kadın cinsiyetinde olan adölesanların madde bağımlılığından korunma düzeylerinin daha iyi düzeyde olduğu saptandı. Adölesanların madde kullanım durumları ve anne babaya bağlanma oranları arasında anlamlı farklılık olduğu görüldü (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, adölesanlar madde kullanımı açısından risk altındadır. Özellikle yaşın ilerlemesi (17 yaş), anne eğitim düzeyinin düşük olması, erkek cinsiyet ve olumsuz ebeveyn tutumları adölesanların bu risk oranını artırmaktadır. Madde bağımlılığı riskinin yüksek olduğu tespit edilen bu gruplarda koruma, erken teşhis ve tedavi hizmetlerinin planlanması önerilmektedir.
"An Overview of Using Error function in Adsorption Isotherm Modeling "
Authors: Hami Hawraa K. , Abbas Ruba F. , Mahdi Amel S. , Maryoosh Asma A.
Published: June 2021

"Over the past years, a large number of statistical expressions used as a measure of accuracy, collectively referred to as error functions. These functions use to determine the best fitting data. Since accurate adsorption equilibrium information are necessary for the analysis and design of adsorption, error functions are used to valuation the validity of the adsorption mathematical models with experimental results by finding the most appropriate isotherm. Therefore, this overall review provides a definition of a number of common error function and explains the use of these functions in determine optimal adsorption data and chose the right isotherm.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Data Akademik Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Website
Authors: Fikastiana Cahya  , Theresia Wati  , Erly Krisnanik
Published: June 2021

The use of information technology, especially in education, is very important today, because almost all educational institutions use technology to support the performance of employees and teachers. Academic data processing in educational institutions, especially in early childhood education needs to be considered because currently in implementing student data processing is still done manually. Manual data collection is considered quite slow because it requires very high accuracy to reduce the occurrence of errors, duplication of data, and to maintain the accuracy of the data. Data recording and reports on ledgers often experience loss because each year the data continues to increase and it is difficult to find and require long student data. The solution to the problems that occur in early childhood education is to build a website-based academic data processing information system that can adjust to needs and overcome problems that occur. So, the purpose of this study is to design a website-based academic data processing information system to facilitate PAUD in processing student academic data. In developing this system using the prototype method and the programming language PHP. The results of the study show that the use of the prototype method is very helpful in the design process where it functions in the relationship between the user and the designer in order to know what is needed so that the application built will be appropriate and can function as a medium of information and communication to parents of students with schools and to help PAUD processing student data
‘Quebec Sovereignty and Indigenous Nationhoods: Critiquing The Quebec Secessionist Movement from “an Indigenous” Lens’
Authors:   University of Alberta, Cowie Chadwick
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to assess and critique the Quebec secessionist movement from an Indigenous lens in order to include other contexts and views on the aforementioned topic that is traditionally left to the peripheries of the Quebec secessionist movement. In order to add an Indigenous lens to the discussion of Quebec’s secessionist movement, this paper will first review the concepts of sovereignty and self-determination from both ‘western-centric’ and Indigenous views. Furthermore, this article will then review the historical formation of French and English settlers and power in what Indigenous peoples call Turtle Island, from the 1500s until 1960. Lastly, with the many political, economic, and societal changes from the 1960s and on, this paper will critique the competing views of Quebec as a sovereign entity to that of Indigenous nationhoods. This article concludes that for Quebec to truly reflect a decolonized state, the inclusion of Indigenous nations as equal partners with their own sovereignty and self-determination recognized must also occur.
EFFECTS OF NON MECHANICAL HORSE BACK RIDING ON BALANCE IN SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRAIL
Authors:   Tameem International Kindergarten (Canadian System of Education) Taif, Saudi Arabia, Kanwal Nabeela , Kanwal Raheela ,   College of Applied Medical Sciences University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia & The Rehabilitation Journal, Khan Rab Nawaz ,   Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Pakistan
Published: June 2021

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of non-mechanical horseback riding with conventional Physical therapy on dynamic balance within spastic CP children. Material and Method: A single blinded randomized clinical trial conducted at THQ hospital Gujar Khan Pakistan. The n=30 spastic hemiplegic CP children with Gross Motor Function Classification scale (GMFCS) level-IV, a score of II on Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) were included through non-probability convenience sampling technique. The participants were randomly allocated into conventional physical therapy (CPT) group and non-mechanical horseback back riding (NMHBR) group through lottery method. The data was collected at baseline and post 06 months through the General demographic questionnaire, MAS, GMFCS and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). For between-group comparison independent samples t-test was used while for within-group analysis paired sample t-test was used. Results: The mean age and BMI was 8.36±2.15, 14.5±0.75 respectively. When Comparing both groups, no significant difference was observed in Spasticity (p=0.130) and functional independence (p=0.216). But NMHBR group showed significant improvement in overall pediatric balance score as compare to CPT group (17±10.24 vs. 26.33±1429, p=0.049), after 6 months of intervention. The PBS’s task including standing unsupported (p=0.027), Standing with eyes closed (p=0.039), standing with feet together (p=0.021), Standing with one foot in front (p=0.016), Standing on one foot (p=0.039) and Reaching forward with outstretched arm (p=0.012) significantly improved in NMHBR groups as compare to CPT. Conclusion: It was concluded that conventional physical therapy and non-mechanical horseback riding both can improve spasticity, functional independence and balance of spastic CP children but NMHBR is more effective than CPT. Keywords: balance, hippo-therapy, physical therapy.
LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HB LEVEL AMONG DPT STUDENTS
Authors:   Isra Institute of rehabilitation Sciences, Isra University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan, Shiraz Khan Khadija , Kainat Azka ,   Isra Institute of rehabilitation Sciences, Isra University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan, Ilyas Mehwish ,   Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Rawalpindi, Imtiaz Hamza ,   Isra Institute of rehabilitation Sciences, Isra University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan, Raouf Danish ,   School of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Rawalpindi, Pakistan . Institute Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad Pakistan
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity and its association with hemoglobin level among undergraduate students. Method and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduate students of Isra Institute Rehabilitation Sciences, Isra University Islamabad. The undergraduate students between 18- 25 years were included in the study. The hemoglobin level was evaluated through the hemoglobin-meter and physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaires IPAQ-SF-7. The Pearson product-moment correlation was used to find association between physical activity and hemoglobin level. Results: The mean age of study participants was 21.10±1.76. Of the 400 participants, 22% participants had low level of physical activity, 46.25% participants had moderate level of physical activity and 31.75% participants had vigorous physical activity. The time spent in vigorous and moderate physical activity was significantly associated with the hemoglobin level (p<0.05) and sitting was negatively correlated with Hb (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that that levels of physical activity was significantly associated with the hemoglobin level. Keywords: Physical activity, hemoglobin, anemia.
COMPARISON OF VISUAL ACTION THERAPY AND AUDITORY COMPREHENSION THERAPY FOR LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH WERNECK’S APHASIA
Authors:   Special education school, Islamabad. Pakistan, Ijaaz Zainab , Shamim Kiani Humaira ,   Riphah College of Rehabilitation & Allied Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad Pakistan, Fatima Anees ,   Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Islamabad Pakistan
Published: June 2021

Objective: to compare the effectiveness of visual action therapy (VAT) and auditory compression training (ACT) for language functions in patients with Wernicke Aphasia. Methodology: A Pilot Randomized Clinical trial was conducted. Patients with age range of 30- 60 years with neurological impairments and aphasia were included in the study. The participants n=12 were recruited through purposive sampling technique and randomly divided in to two groups through lottery method. One group received visual action therapy while other group received auditory comprehensive training. Each participant in both groups received three sessions per week in their homes for a time period of 10 weeks. The data were collected through Western Aphasic Battery (WAB). Results: The Mean of age of study participant in VAT and ACT as 51.83±7.83 and 60.3±2.05 respectively. In this study significant improvement has been observed after 10 weeks of intervention in visual action therapy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded from the results that VAT significantly improved the western aphasic battery scoring and comprehension skills in patient with Wernicke’s aphasia. Key words: Auditory comprehension therapy, visual action therapy, Wernicke aphasia
EFFECTIVENESS OF FRAGILITY FRACTURE INTEGRATED REHABILITATION MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVING ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN GERIATRIC POPULATION AFTER HIP FRACTURE
Authors:   Riphah College of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences Islamabad Pakistan, Aftab Anam , Butt Rizwana ,   Institute of Medical Rehabilitation (IMR), Islamabad Pakistan, Habibullah Shaista ,   Isra Institute of rehabilitation Sciences, Isra University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan, Lim Jae Young ,   Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
Published: June 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of Fragility Integrated Rehabilitation Management (FIRM) on the quality of life and activities of daily living in geriatric population with hip fracture and to reduce the recurrence of hip fracture. Material and Method: A single-group, pretest–posttest design was conducted at Seoul National University for a time period from August 2017 to January 2018 in Bundang Hospital, South Korea. Patients with age of 55 years and above, had diagnosed femoral neck fractures, reduction and internal fixation, intertrochanteric and sub-trochanteric fractures, total hip replacement (THR), bipolar hemi-arthroplasty were included in the study. Quality of life was assessed through the Euro-QOL (EQ-5D) questionnaire, while ADL’s was measured through Modified Barthal Index (MBI). Non-parametric Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was used for pre- post analysis by using SPSS version 21. The level of significance was set at 95% CI (p<0.05). Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test showed a significant improvement in activities of daily living (p<0.05). Furthermore, significant improvement has also been determined in the quality of life (p<0.05), after the 10th Fragility Integrated Rehabilitation Management (FIRM) and 4 Occupational Therapy (OT) sessions. Conclusion: Fragility Integrated Rehabilitation Management showed a significant improvement in the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Quality of Life (QOL).
Application of proteome profiling in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Chakraborty Priyanti , Samanta Ankita
Published: June 2021

The early diagnosis, prognosis, and anticipation of breast cancer are crucial for proper treatment and patient survival. This disease imposes quite a severe health care encumbrance on women globally. Breast cancer classification has emphasized several global efforts, and analysis of the subtypes of the molecular basis of breast cancer has aimed to associate them with clinical outcomes and improve the current diagnostic routine. Since the last two decades, proteomics-based methods for studying breast cancer's natural history and treatment are gaining traction. In this review, some of the proteome profiling studies of tissues, plasma, serum and saliva conducted mainly by mass spectrometry-based approaches – including MALDI-TOF and SELDI-TOF are discussed. This review also emphasized tissue microarray studies and their role in identifying clinical tissues and markers in breast cancer.
TB trends in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ergeshov Atajan , Rusakova Larisa ,   Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sterlikov Sergey ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

To study the tuberculosis (TB) trends in the Russian Federation for 2010-2019 and 2020. Methods. The main epidemiological TB indicators, including TB-HIV co-infection and multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) for 2010-2019 and 2020 were calculated. Results. The estimate number of TB deaths in 2015-2020 went down by at least 58.7%. The absolute number of incident TB cases (new cases and relapses) decreased by 32.5% in 2015-2020. By quarter’s I-III of 2020, the rates of primary MDR-TB increased up to 33.7%. Since 2016, the incidence of TB and HIV co-infection has been stable. The prevalence of TB has been continuously decreasing, and during the past 2-3 years, a decrease in the prevalence of TB- HIV co-infection and MDR-TB was reported. Conclusion. Russia has achieved the interim results of the End TB Strategy 2020, as well as the level of TB incidence corresponding to the late Soviet time. The growth of MDR-TB rate shows the need to expand the introduction of innovative anti-tuberculosis drugs and to revise the regimens for prevention of latent TB infection.
The evaluation of sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis deaths
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Ustian Aurelia , Malic Alina ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Popa Vasile ,   Municipal Clinical Hospital of Phthisiopulmonology, Republic of Moldova, Paladi Carmina ,   Municipal Clinical Hospital of Phthisiopulmonology, Republic of Moldova, Osipov Tatiana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The data of 112 patients who died of tuberculosis during 3 years (2018-2020) in the Municipal Hospital of Phthisiopneumology in Chisinau were studied. The died patients were divided into two groups: 1 group — 73(65,9%) new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 2 group — 39(34,8%) re-treatment cases. It was found that 55(75,5%) patients in 1 group and 22(56,4%) from 2 group died from the TB progression and its complications. in the 1 group from other diseases 18(24,7%) patients died and from 2 group — 17(45,6%) cases. in both groups, the age between 41 and more than 60 years predominated, the unemployed, singular status, people with severe forms of tuberculosis (generalized, caseous pneumonia), homeless were 36(32,1%), TB / HIV co-infection 26(23,21%), alcoholism — 58(51,8%) patients. in serious condition from general hospital — 107 (95,5%) patients were transfered and death occurred in 2/3 cases in the first month after admission.
New approaches to prophylactic radiological examinations in the active detection of tuberculosis and non-respiratory diseases in the current conditions
Authors:   Institute of Phthisiopneumology ", Nalivaico Nicolai ,   Chiril Draganiuc",   , Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

Prophylactic radiological examinations were performed on the population of 54893 people from risk groups and increased vigilance for tuberculosis in different administrative territories of the Republic of Moldova. The structure of the medico-social unfavorable factors in 18223 persons was evaluated. Out of 357 patients with evolutionary pulmonary tuberculosis, with prophylactic purpose, 176 patients were detected, most of them in 95 or 54.0% cases — within this project with the mobile digital radiodiagnostic complexes shipped to different administrative territories of the Republic of Moldova.
Secondary respiratory microflora in patients with COVID-19
Authors:   Scientific Research İnstitute of Lung Diseases, Azerbaijan, Kadyrova Agigat , Alieva Gulzar ,   Scientific Research İnstitute of Lung Diseases, Azerbaijan, Askerova Shahla ,   Scientific Research İnstitute of Lung Diseases, Azerbaijan, Hadjiyeva Reikhan ,   Scientific Research İnstitute of Lung Diseases, Azerbaijan, Aliyeva Gunay ,   Scientific Research İnstitute of Lung Diseases, Azerbaijan
Published: June 2021

The incidence of secondary lung infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is not well understood. The results of bacteriological research for nonspecific flora of sputum or flushing from the respiratory tract were analyzed for 820 out of 3040 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at the Research Institute of Lung Diseases in Baku. Secondary respiratory microflora was detected in 771 (94%) patients. in 347 (42.3%) cases, fungi of the genus Candida were found, and in 211 (25.7%) patients this was observed simultaneously with the bacterial microflora. Among bacterial infections, the most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (n109), Klebsiella Pneumoniae (n41), Escherichia Coli (n38), Enterobacter (n33), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n32).
Levels of phenotypic resistance and the pattern of gene mutations of M. tuberculosis
Authors:   Institute of Phthisiopneumology ", Ciobanu Nelly ,   Chiril Draganiuc",   , Republic of Moldova, Codreanu Alexandru ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova, Turcan Nadejda ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova, Noroc Ecaterina ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova, Crudu Valeriu ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The adjustment of the minimum inhibitory concentrations for anti-tuberculosis drugs used in classical cultivation methods and the obtaining of more accurate data on the level of drug resistance, makes it possible to evaluate cases with different results to phenotypic and genotypic methods of anti-tuberculosis resistance testing. The evaluation of different types of genotypic resistance, with the description of mutations that confer low or high resistance, is consistent with the level of phenotypic resistance, and also makes it possible to adjust treatment regimens, which ultimately will positively influence the duration and results of treatment. Whenever testing of M. tuberculosis resistance by molecular methods allows, the results should be reported with the specific mutations detected and the description of the clinical implications of this mutation.
Determination of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the operating material
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Russian Federation, Uraksina Maria , Rogozhkin Petr ,   Samara State Medical University, Russian Federation, Eremenko Ekaterina ,   Samara State Medical University, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Currently, with the improvement of epidemic indicators for tuberculosis, the number of patients with drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis is increasing, which complicates and prolongs the treatment of such patients. The aim of the work is to study the drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtained from surgical material. Materials and methods: the study included 74 patients with medical and diagnostic operations on the chest organs. All patients were examined by standard methods: sputum and BAL microscopy with bronchoscopy (during the procedure), molecular genetic methods, culture on dense and liquid nutrient media. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was confirmed morphologically in all patients by histological examination of surgical material. When analyzing the results of drug resistance, it was found that among the newly identified patients, more than half (59.3%) had multiple (44.6%) p<0.005 and extensively drug resistance (14.7%) p= 0.003. At the same time, 74.5% (n= 35/47) of patients had no MBT in sputum before surgery. The frequency of development of drug resistance to first-and reserve-line antibacterial drugs, the structure of drug resistance depending on the group of dispensary registration is presented. A comparative analysis of drug sensitivity testing of MBT isolated from sputum before surgery and from surgical material was performed. The results of the study showed a high percentage of MBT drug resistance obtained in the operating material in patients with negative MBT tests. More than half of the patients who did not receive antibacterial therapy before surgery have multi drug resistance and extensively drug resistance, which suggests a high regional primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
New coronoviral infection (COVID-19) combined with tuberculosis in patients at late stages of HIV infection with immunodeficiency
Authors:   Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. A.I. Evdokimova, Ministry of Health of Russia, Mishin Vladimir , Mishina Anastasia ,   Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. A.I. Evdokimova, Ministry of Health of Russia, Sobkin Alexandr ,   TB Clinical Hospital No. 3 named after Prof. G.A. Zakharyin, Moscow, Russia, Sergeeva Natalia ,   TB Clinical Hospital No. 3 named after Prof. G.A. Zakharyin, Moscow, Russia, Osadchay Olga ,   TB Clinical Hospital No. 3 named after Prof. G.A. Zakharyin, Moscow, Russia
Published: June 2021

The study materials of 23 patients with COVID-19 with newly diagnosed tuberculosis at the late stages of HIV infection with an average CD4 + cells count not exceeding 30 cells/pl of blood and in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (the main group) and 23 patients with no COVID-19 (the comparison group) and the similar parameters are presented. The presence or absence of COVID-19 is characterized by social maladjustment, drug addiction, concomitant viral hepatitis B or C and COPD, generalized tuberculosis with extrapulmonary damage of various organs and the development of other opportunistic pulmonary infections, similar clinical and radiological manifestations, which can only be differentiated by microbiological and molecular genetic research methods. To prevent exogenous infection of the healthy population with COVID-19, it is imperative to organize an active regular examination of all patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection for COVID-19, especially at the later stages, in the TB care office for HIV-infected people at TB dispensaries.
Influence of sodium selenite on immunological indexes of tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors:   Kharkov National Medical University, Kharkov, Ukraine, Matvyeyeva Svetlana
Published: June 2021

In 60 tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis serum level of selenium, thyroid state and immunological indexes were studied. Low level of selenium, subclinical hypothyroidism and weaken immunological response toward tuberculosis were diagnosed. Prescribing of selenite sodium with 200 ц daily during 2 months normalized serum level of selenium, restored thyroid function and improved immunological response. Inclusion of selenite sodium in complex therapy of tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis after examination of serum level of selenium and thyroid state is recommended.
Particularities of immunological reactivity, nitric oxide and its metabolities production in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in association with covid-19 infection
Authors:   Institute of Phthisiopneumology ", Ghinda Serghei ,   Chiril Draganiuc",   , Republic of Moldova, Tudor Elena ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova, Osipov Tatiana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Chirosca Valentina ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova, Pantea Valeriana ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Ciobanu Zinaida ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova, Crivenco Galina ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova, Gudumac Valentin ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The study included 24 patients, which formed the baseline group — 12 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in combination with COVID-19 infection and the control group — 12 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. There were studied the leukocyte formula, the content of CD3, CD4, CD8 lymphocytes, the content of NO2-+NO3- total and its metabolites. The obtained results showed that in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 there is a pronounced decrease of lymphocytes and an unexpressed shift of the leukocyte formula to the left. The lymphocyte content decreases due to CD3 lymphocytes and their subpopulation of CD4 (helper) lymphocytes. The CD4/CD8 immunoregulatory index demonstrates a stimulation of immunological reactivity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and depression of immunological reactivity in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in combination with COVID-19 infection and a pronounced suppression of the production content of NO2-+NO3- total and its metabolites (NO2- and NO3-).
Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in sudanese patients
Authors:   Al-neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan, Zaki Hamdan Hamdan , Omer Elgaili Yousif ,   Al-neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan, Al-shaab teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, Abd Alrazig Dosogi Waleed ,   University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan
Published: June 2021

Genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis has been investigated worldwide, however a few studies conducted in Sudanese patients. Polymorphisms in NRAMP1 have shown an important association with susceptibility to tuberculosis and progression to active disease. However, whether there is an association of these polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis among Sudanese patients is not investigated yet. The aim of this study was to determine the association of NRAMP1 polymorphisms with development of pulmonary tuberculosis in Sudanese subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis. A case-controls study (100 in each arm) was conducted at Al-Shaab Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan during the period of March through September 2017. Genotyping for NRAMP1 (rs3731865) INTR4 and (rs17235409) D543N was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).There was no significant difference in the mean± SD of the age and body mass index (BMI) between the cases (tuberculosis) and the controls [37.7 ± 4.1 vs. 35.9 ± 3.9 years; P=0.702] and [24.6 ± 1.9 vs. 24.7 ± 2.1; P=0.444], respectively. None of the genotype frequencies investigated in the two polymorphisms were associated with the development of pulmonary tuberculosis. There was a significant association with the development of tuberculosis with illiteracy P=<0.001. Gene polymorphisms of NRAMP1 (rs3731865) INTR4 and (rs17235409) D543N were not associated with pulmonary tuberculosis development in this setting. Further study is needed with larger sample size and different design and settings. Increase public awareness about tuberculosis infections and specially in those who are illiterate.
The use of reserve drugs in the chemotherapy of children and adolescents with tuberculosis
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Zubova Elena , Takhtokhodzhaeva Guzal ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Yusubova Anna ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Kiselevich Olga ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Stakhanov Vladimir ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Published: June 2021

Introduction. The incidence of tuberculosis in children and adolescents is considered one of the most significant epidemiological indicators, which reflects the overall epidemic situation for tuberculosis. An urgent problem is the fact that the effectiveness of treatment of tuberculosis with MDR/XDR MBT in children and adolescents is not reflected in official statistics, and the tolerability of new anti-tuberculosis drugs in children with tuberculosis is not sufficiently studied at present. One of the drugs that can be used in the treatment of MDR-TB in children is linezolid. Objective. to evaluate the safety and efficacy of linezolid in chemotherapy regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis in children. Results. in the structure of clinical forms of infiltrative tuberculosis — (32.0%), the primary tuberculosis complex was detected in 8 people (16.0%), TB of intra-thoracic lymph nodes also in 8 people (16.0%). MBT resistance to cycloserine and linezolid has not been reported in any patients. All patients received linezolid (100%). The development of undesirable side effects was observed in 14 people (28.0%). Linezolid caused in 3 people (6.0%) (adolescents 13 — 17 years old) undesirable adverse reactions of the type of polyneuropathy. The cessation of bacterial excretion was observed after 1 month in 100 % of cases. All children showed positive clinical dynamics and normalization of blood parameters in the period from 2 to 6 months of treatment. Positive radiological dynamics were also observed in the period from 2 to 6 months of treatment in the form of closure of the decay cavities, compaction, calcification and resorption of foci. Conclusion. Linezolid is a promising drug in children with tuberculosis who need the use of reserve drugs, since clinical efficacy is noted, MBT resistance is rarely developed, and the frequency of undesirable side reactions of regimens with the inclusion of linezolid does not exceed the frequency of those when prescribing regimens without the inclusion of linezolid
Types of constitutional diatheses in children with tuberculosis infection
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Yarovaya Julia , Lozovskaya Marina ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Vasilieva Elena ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Klochkova Lyudmila ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Noskova Olga ,   Child Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 3, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: June 2021

Diathesis or constitutional abnormality is a polygenically inherited tendency of an organism to diseases, objectively recognized by deviations from the normal phenotype. There are 4 types of diatheses: exudative-catarrhal, lymphatic-hypoplastic, neuro-arthritic and allergic. The aim of the work was to identify and determine the frequency of diathesis in children with different course of tuberculosis infection. 225 children aged from 1 to 14 years were examined: 108 children with active forms of tuberculosis; 54 children with residual post-tuberculosis changes; 63 children with latent tuberculosis infection. It was found that among patients with active tuberculosis, children with lymphatic-hypoplastic (17.6 ± 3.7%) and neuro-arthritic diathesis (16.7 ± 3.6%) are most common, and children with allergic diathesis (11.1 ± 3.0% of cases) are less common. Children with lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis often develop a complicated course of tuberculosis (26.3 ± 10.1%), there is a pronounced intoxication syndrome (58.0± 11.3%). The frequency of occurrence of children with allergic diathesis is higher in patients with residual post-tuberculosis changes (29.6 ± 6.2%) and with latent tuberculosis infection (33.3 ± 6.0%) than in patients with active tuberculosis (11.1 ± 3.0%).
Evaluation of the antifungal and antibacterial action of a new unsaturated 1,2,4-triazole derivative (Nitrotriazon)
Authors:   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Drumea Maria , Stingaci Eugenia ,   Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, Uncu Livia ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Crudu Valeriu ,   Institute of Phthisiopneumology "Chiril Draganiuc", Republic of Moldova, Valica Vladimir ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Macaev Fliur ,   Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The growing clinical importance of drug-resistant fungal and bacterial pathogens has given additional urgency to microbiological research and the development of new antimicrobial compounds. 1,2,4-Triazoles act as important pharmacophores by interacting with high affinity biological receptors due to their dipole character, hydrogen binding capacity, stiffness and solubility. Following the evaluation of the antifungal activity, Nitrotriazon has MIC/MFC values: from 0.07 to 0.19 mM compared to the reference drugs: Ketoconazole, Bifonazole. Nitrotriazone also showed good antibacterial activity with MIC / MBC values from 0.0006 to 0.0013 mM, compared to the reference drugs Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol. The antimycobacterial activity of Nitrotriazone against M. tuberculosis, the reference strain (H37Rw) and the extended resistance of M. tuberculosis (M/XDR) were also studied.