bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asta-Ja and Energy Security in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Durga D
Published: November 2021

Energy independence and sustainable renewable energy sources are the two main components of energy security for Nepal. More than 2/3rd of energy consumed in Nepal comes from biofuels and waste and about 1/4th of energy consumed comes from coal and petroleum products. With increasing number of motor vehicles and rising demand for cooking gas, Nepal’s coal and petroleum import bills in recent years have reached over Rs. 200 billion. With its vast water resources, Nepal has a great potential for energy independence and sustainability and achieve energy security. Nepal’s current 1,689 MW hydroelectricity capacity is expected to reach over 5,000 MW in next three to five years, which means Nepal will have a large amount of clean energy in the market. This increased hydropower production will also require an increased domestic consumption by making hydroelectricity affordable, reliable, and high-quality energy by improving its distribution system. Nepal also has a very high potential for solar power, which need to be harnessed and brought to the national grid. Nepal needs to harness all energy sources, which consist of hydropower, solar power, wind power, biofuels, and biogas, in a sustainable way for its energy independence and security. Because Nepal is in a geologically active and natural disasters prone area, it is critical to ensure ecological balance of Asta-Ja elements, Nepali letter, Jal (water), Jamin (land), Jungle (forest), Jadibuti (medicinal and aromatic plants), Janashakti (manpower), Janawar (animal), Jarajuri (crop plants) and Jalabayu (climate) while developing energy resources. Asta-Ja Framework serves as the connecting bridge between the energy resources and the end users. Strategic planning for comprehensive energy development considering ecological balance of Asta-Ja resources, decarbonization and electrification of energy end uses, improvement of energy infrastructures, continuous monitoring and evaluation of energy sector, and development of hydropower plants and alternative energy sources such as solar and wind is suggested for energy security in Nepal.
Land Planning, Agro-forest Systems, and Implications for Ecosystem Services: Insights from Northern Italy
Authors: Tomao Antonio , Ermini Barbara , Prokopov Marcela , Conte Adriano
Published: November 2021

Negative environmental changes generally addressed as ‘syndromes’ areevaluated in the context of Soil Degradation (SD) and interpreted by usinga ‘Land-Use/Land Cover Changes’ (LULCCs) framework in order to dis-entangle ‘past trajectories’, ‘present patterns’, and ‘future changes’. Thisapproach allows to discuss the potential impact on SD processes and itrepresents an informed basis for identifying measurable outcomes of SD.This study focuses on the case of Emilia Romagna, a region located inthe North of Italy with high-value added agricultural productions. A multi-temporal analysis of land-use changes between 1954 and 2008 has been proposed, discussing the evolution of associated SD syndromes in EmiliaRomagna. The contributing information have been used as a baseline forSustainable Land Management (SLM) strategies. This framework of analysisprovides useful tools to investigate and to monitor the effects of SD in theMediterranean basin where several regions underwent common developmentpatterns yelding global pathological symptoms of environmental degradation.
Real Power Loss Reduction by Cinnamon ibon Search Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kanagasabai Lenin
Published: November 2021

In this paper Cinnamon ibon Search Optimization Algorithm (CSOA) is used for solving the power loss lessening problem. Key objectives of the paper are Real power Loss reduction, Voltage stability enhancement and minimization of Voltage deviation. Searching and scavenging behavior of Cinnamon ibon has been imitated to model the algorithm. Cinnamon ibon birds which are in supremacy of the group are trustworthy to be hunted by predators and dependably attempt to achieve a improved position and the Cinnamon ibon ones that are positioned in the inner of the population, drive adjacent to the nearer populations to dodge the threat of being confronted. The systematic model of the Cinnamon ibon search Algorithm originates with an arbitrary individual of Cinnamon ibon. The Cinnamon ibon search algorithm entities show the position of the Cinnamon ibon. Besides, the Cinnamon ibon bird is supple in using the cooperating plans and it alternates between the fabricator and the cadger. Successively the Cinnamon ibon identifies the predator position; then they charm the others by tweeting signs. The cadgers would be focussed to the imperilled regions by fabricators once the fear cost is more than the defence threshold. Likewise, the subterfuge of both the cadger and the fabricator is commonly used by Cinnamon ibon. The dispersion of the Cinnamon ibon location in the solution area is capricious. An impulsive drive approach was applied when dispossession of any adjacent Cinnamon ibon in the purlieu of the present population. This style diminishes the convergence tendency and decreases the convergence inexorableness grounded on the controlled sum of iterations. Authenticity of the Cinnamon ibon Search Optimization Algorithm (CSOA) is corroborated in IEEE 30 bus system (with and devoid of L-index). Genuine power loss lessening is attained. Proportion of actual power loss lessening is amplified.
Towards Smart Green Cities: Analysis of Integrated Renewable Energy Use in Smart Cities
Authors: Vukovic Natalia , Koriugina Ulyana , Illarionova Daria , Pankratova Daria , Kiseleva Polina , Gontareva Alina
Published: November 2021

This study aims to estimate and explore the experience of introducing renewable energy use in the context of the world’s smart cities. In this regard, the study points out that the use of green energy is an important part of sustainable development. Environmental problems are a matter of global concern. Hence sustainable development is one of the approaches to end the harmful anthropogenic impact. The work includes quantitative assessment methods, for example, statistics, quantitative analysis, analogy, and synthesis. As a result, the analysis confirms that the effective development of a smart green city is impossible without the introduction of several renewable energy sources, the integrated use of which will reduce the likelihood of problems with the city’s energy supply. Likewise, the outcome accentuates that the desire to fully switch to renewable energy sources (RES) can be accompanied by several problems as the creation of RES technologies does not always take the risk of abnormal situations into account. In conclusion, the research findings are recommended to be taken into consideration by researchers in the field of smart and sustainable cities development, as well as urbanists and economists for designing future smart green cities based on renewable energy sources.
Strategies of international financial capitalism and the integration of the Spanish electricity system: the Levantine coast
Authors: Garrués Irurzun Josean , Hidalgo Mateos Antonio
Published: November 2021

Among the national varieties of investment employed in European electricity development, Spanish studies have focused on the strategies of large electricity companies based in mature electricity markets, such as Catalonia or Madrid, but only in traditional electricity systems, such as the Levantine. The purpose of this article is to answer the following question: What impact did foreign investment have on the configuration of the Levantine/Spanish electricity systems during the interwar period? The article concludes that, compared to the theoretical model of local monopolies applied generically to the Spanish case, the second wave of international investment not only accelerated the process of integration of the Levantine electricity market, but had a significant impact, due to the defensive attitude of the Spanish electricity-financial lobby, on the dynamics (competitive/oligopolistic) of regional electricity systems in Spain.
Bell e net vidre. Producción, distribución y consumo de vidrio en el reino de Valencia durante la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Almenar Fernández Luis
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo analiza el desarrollo de la industria vidriera valenciana entre los siglos XIII y XV. Para ello se recurre a un centenar de documentos de carácter notarial, normativo, judicial y fiscal, procedentes de distintos archivos valencianos. Estos permiten estudiar la localización de los hornos de vidrio en el reino de Valencia y las formas de trabajo de los vidrieros, así como los procesos de distribución y los sistemas de venta del vidrio doméstico. Finalmente, se aborda la demanda y el consumo de estos bienes y sus usos en las viviendas de diferentes sectores sociales de la época. Todo ello invita a reconsiderar la relevancia de esta industria en el reino de Valencia, mucho menos estudiada que sus homólogas catalanas y mallorquinas, en el contexto de la Corona de Aragón y del Mediterráneo noroccidental durante la Baja Edad Media.
 
This essay analyses the development of the Valencian glass industry between the 13th and the 15th centuries. For this purpose, it turns to around a hundred documents from notarial, normative, legal and tax records, placed in various Valencian archives. These reveal the location of glass furnaces in the kingdom of Valencia and the glass-makers’ activities, as well as the sale and distribution systems of domestic glass. Finally, it addresses the demand and consumption of these goods and their usage within the dwellings of various social strata of the period. This all leads to reconsider the relevance of this industry in the kingdom of Valencia, far less studied than its counterparts from Catalonia and Majorca, in the context of the Crown of Aragon and the north-western Mediterranean during the later middle ages.
Medical Student Choices Regarding Ventilator Allocation for People With Disabilities
Authors: Muller Carly , Brodar Canon , Brodar Kaitlyn E. , Goodman Kenneth , Brosco Jeffrey P.
Published: November 2021

In the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns exist that ventilator triage policies may lead to discrimination against people with disabilities. This study evaluates whether preclinical medical students demonstrate bias towards people with disabilities during an educational ventilator-allocation exercise. Written student responses to a triage simulation activity were analyzed to describe ventilator priority rankings and to identify themes regarding disability. Disability status was not cited as a reason to withhold a ventilator. Key themes observed in ventilator triage decisions included life expectancy, comorbidities, and social worth. Although disability discrimination has historically been perpetuated by health care professionals, it is encouraging that preclinical medical students did not demonstrate explicit bias against people with disabilities in ventilator triage scenarios.
Friendships Through Inclusive Postsecondary Education Programs: Perspectives of Current and Former Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Spruit Stephanie , Carter Erik W.
Published: November 2021

The formation of friendships is central to the college experience. Yet little is known about the relationships young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities form through their inclusive postsecondary education programs or maintain after graduation. We interviewed 12 current students and alumni about their social networks and their views regarding friendships. Participants shared their perspectives on the multiple meaning of friendship, the size and composition of their social networks, and the areas in which college has positively impacted their social lives. We offer recommendations for research and practice aimed at understanding and enhancing friendship formation within the inclusive higher education movement.
Fringe direction weighted autofocusing algorithm for gear tooth flank form deviation measurement based on an interferogram
Authors: Wang Xian , Zhu Xindong , Kou Ke , Liu Jianning , Liu Yun , Qian Boxing
Published: November 2021

When measuring the form deviation of the gear tooth flank with laser interferometry,
due to the limitation of the depth of field of the lens, focused and
defocused regions exist in the interferogram simultaneously. The
introduced errors that were generated by these defocused regions
decrease the measurement accuracy. Therefore, the evaluation of
definition for interferograms is necessary for image processing.
However, the gradient of gray, which performs by fringes, makes it
difficult for traditional algorithms to evaluate its definition. This
paper proposes a method based on nonsubsampled contourlet
transformation (NSCT) combined with fringe direction as weighting
coefficients to solve the problem. First, the information about the
directions of these fringes in interferograms was evaluated. Then, the
NSCT method was applied to interferograms so that several sub-images
in different scales and directions can be achieved. Based on these
sub-images and directions information, an improved function for
definition evaluation was conducted. Lastly, a series of simulations
and experiments was carried out to verify its feasibility and
accuracy.
Mapping the spin angular momentum distribution of focused linearly and circularly polarized vortex fields
Authors: Yin Xiaojin , Yang Chen , Li Jinhong , Zhang Yakai , Zhao Chungang
Published: November 2021

Using the previously proposed spin-resolved near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) technique, we mapped the spin angular momentum (SAM) axial component (

S
z

) distributions of tightly focused linearly and circularly polarized vortex beams. The system’s effectiveness was confirmed in our previous article by mapping various tightly focused cylindrical vector vortex beams. The SAM of different focused vortex light fields is essential in the research of near-field spin optics and topological photonics. The SAM distributions of different orders of linearly and circularly polarized vortex beams were mapped by separating their right spin (

I

R
C
P

) and left spin component (

I

L
C
P

) using the relationship

S
z

∝

I

R
C
P

−

I

L
C
P

.
F-CUBIC: a rapid optical clearing method optimized by quantitative evaluation
Authors: Liu Lina , Xia Xianyuan , Xiang Feng , Gao Yufeng , Li Xi , Li Hui , Zheng Wei
Published: November 2021

In recent decades, various powerful optical clearing methods have emerged to facilitate deep-tissue imaging. However, a rapid and safe protocol for millimeter-thick specimens is still desired. In this study, we propose a simple and economical chemical screening method that uses porcine small intestine tissue as the testing sample to quantify the clearing speed of different optical clearing reagents. By screening with this method, we developed a fast and versatile clearing protocol, termed F-CUBIC (adding formamide to CUBIC). F-CUBIC allows easy clearing of millimeter-thick tissues within 2–20 min by one-step immersion at room temperature. It introduces negligible tissue distortion and shows high compatibility with various fluorescent labeling techniques. Based on endoscopic human colon specimens, we successfully demonstrated the potential of F-CUBIC for nondestructive three-dimensional (3D) biopsy in combination with two-photon microscopy. This study would substantially benefit rapid 3D tissue mapping in biomedical research and clinics, such as instant histopathological examinations.
Aberration measuring in the random phase field by the Talbot wavefront sensor
Authors: Goloborodko Andrey A.
Published: November 2021

The accuracy of measuring optical aberrations in the random phase field by the Talbot wavefront sensor is theoretically investigated. The possibilities of a grating self-imaging phenomenon in the random phase field are investigated based on the simulation results. Random fields of two different types are considered: amplitude and phase Gaussian fields. Simulation results show that the cosine grating is more stable for phase noise in comparison with gratings that have Gaussian and square binary profiles on each cell unit. It is found that phase noise gives increments of high-order aberrations for wavefront reconstruction.
Particle swarm optimization of polymer-embedded broadband metasurface reflectors
Authors: Thompson Jonathan R. , Nelson-Quillin Heidi D. , Coyle Eleanor J. , Vernon Jonathan P. , Harper Eric S. , Mills Matthew S.
Published: November 2021

Many single-layer dielectric metasurfaces studied today offer optimal performance by maximizing the refractive index contrast between a meta-atom and a background material, thereby increasing the field confinement and enhancing the optical resonance. Such architectures typically utilize high-index dielectric meta-atoms contrasted against an air background. Patterning can be done through deposition and growth of high-index materials or etching designs into a high-index layer. Unfortunately, such structures may be easily damaged, are susceptible to moisture accumulation, and cannot be readily incorporated into multilayer designs. To improve upon the mechanical and environmental stability of conventional dielectric-in-air metasurfaces, we show that dielectric metasurfaces in a solid host matrix can still achieve large enough resonances to exhibit high reflectance over a broad spectral band. Particle swarm optimization is used to discover different broadband reflector designs, each with different performance advantages including ultra-wide broadband reflectance and polarization independence. All designs exhibit a reflectance of R ≥ ~99% over the range of at least Δλ/λ0 ≥ ~20% centered at the wavelength λ0 = 1.55 µm. Finally, a decoupled method approximation is employed to predict the spectral response for a multilayer stack of metasurfaces, but with the added benefit of a lower computational cost.
Low-loss fusion splicing between spacing-mismatched multicore fibers
Authors: Ji Wei , Yu Ruowei , Shen Zihao , Wang Caoyuan , Xiong Cong , Xiao Limin
Published: November 2021

Multicore fibers (MCFs) offer a fascinating solution to the need to increase the fiber density and thus meet the exponentially growing demand for capacity in optical communication networks. Despite overwhelming research into MCFs, the desire for a general fusion splicing scheme between dissimilar MCFs remains unanswered. Here, we propose a tapering technique to reshape MCFs that includes both reverse-tapering and down-tapering schemes and can be exploited to tailor the core-to-core spacing and modify the modal property of MCFs. By matching both the spacing and the mode field diameter, we demonstrated a low-loss (0.18 ± 0.10 dB) and low-crosstalk (–68 ± 3 dB) fusion splice between two spacing-mismatched MCFs with a spacing difference of up to 26 μm. The proposed novel schemes are also suitable for splicing between MCFs with slightly different spacings and can provide a unique perspective for fabricating MCF devices and boosting various MCF applications.
Reconfigurable metasurface with tunable and achromatic beam deflections
Authors: Yu Feilong , Zhao Zengyue , Chen Jin , Wang Jiuxu , Jin Rong , Chen Jian , Wang Jian , Li Guanhai , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: November 2021

Metasurfaces have attracted tremendous attention due to their outstanding performance in manipulating electromagnetic waves. However, the intrinsic dispersion and lack of tunability impose a severe restriction on applications like optical switch and compact beam deflectors. Besides, conventional achromatic metadevices sizes based on aperiodic configurations are relatively small due to the limited phase dispersion control range. Here, we propose a quasi-2π phase coverage approach to construct a periodic and reconfigurable metasurface that is capable of realizing achromatic and dynamic switching between two deflections in the microwave with infinitely large size. With delicate arrangement of polarization-independent meta-atoms and the selective stimuli of varactor diodes, broadband response and flexible tunability, two contradictory characteristics of conventional resonant meta-atoms, can be accordingly fulfilled with our method. The relative bandwidth of achromatic deflection can reach 46.7% and the switching of deflection directions can be achieved through adjusting the bias voltage. This reconfigurable metasurface paves the way for dispersion-free and switchable manipulations of electromagnetic waves that may lead to advances in a variety of applications, such as wireless power transfer and information processing.
Willingness and ability to pay for healthcare insurance: A cross-sectional study of Seven Communities in East and West Africa (SevenCEWA)
Authors: Bolarinwa Oladimeji Akeem , Ameh Soter , Ochimana Caleb , Oluwasanu Abayomi Olabayo , Samson Okello , Mohamed Shukri F. , Muhihi Alfa , Danaei Goodarz
Published: November 2021

Willingness and ability to pay for insurance that would cover primary healthcare services has not been evaluated consistently in different African communities. We conducted a cross-sectional community health survey and examined willingness and ability to pay in 3676 adults in seven communities in four countries: Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya. We used an open-ended contingency valuation method to estimate willingness to pay and examined ability to pay indirectly by calculating the ratio of healthcare expenditure to total household income. Slightly more than three quarters (78.8%) of participants were willing to pay for a health insurance scheme, and just a little above half (54.7%) were willing to pay for all household members. Across sites, median amount willing to pay was $2 per person per month. A little above half (57.6%) of households in Nigeria were able to pay the premium. The main predictors of likelihood of being unwilling to pay for the health insurance scheme were increasing age [aOR 0.99 (95% CI 0.98, 1.00)], being female [0.68 (0.51, 0.92], single [0.32 (0.21, 0.49)], unemployment [0.54 (0.34, 0.85)], being enrolled in another health insurance scheme [0.45 (0.28, 0.74)] and spending more on healthcare [1.00 (0.99, 1.00)]. But being widow [2.31 (1.30, 4.10)] and those with primary and secondary education [2.23 (1.54, 3.22)] had increased likelihood of being willing to pay for health insurance scheme. Retired respondents [adjusted mean difference $-3.79 (-7.56, -0.02)], those with primary or secondary education [$-3.05 (-5.42, -0.68)] and those with high healthcare expenditure [$0.02 (0.00, 0.04)] predicted amount willing to pay for health insurance scheme. The willingness to pay for health insurance scheme is high among the seven communities studied in East and West Africa with socio-demography, economic and healthcare cost as main predictive factors.
Early psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-partum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taylor Miller P. G. , Sinclair M. , Gillen P. , McCullough J. E. M. , Miller P. W. , Farrell D. P. , Slater P. F. , Shapiro E. , Klaus P.
Published: November 2021

Background

Pre-term or full-term childbirth can be experienced as physically or psychologically traumatic. Cumulative and trans-generational effects of traumatic stress on both psychological and physical health indicate the ethical requirement to investigate appropriate preventative treatment for stress symptoms in women following a routine traumatic experience such as childbirth.

Objective

The objective of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of early psychological interventions in reducing or preventing post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder in post-partum women within twelve weeks of a traumatic birth.

Methods

Randomised controlled trials and pilot studies of psychological interventions preventing or reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms or PTSD, that included women who had experienced a traumatic birth, were identified in a search of Cochrane Central Register of Randomised Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Psychinfo, PILOTS, CINAHL and Proquest Dissertations databases. One author performed database searches, verified results with a subject librarian, extracted study details and data. Five authors appraised extracted data and agreed upon risk of bias. Analysis was completed with Rev Man 5 software and quality of findings were rated according to Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

Results

Eleven studies were identified that evaluated the effectiveness of a range of early psychological interventions. There was firm evidence to suggest that midwifery or clinician led early psychological interventions administered within 72 hours following traumatic childbirth are more effective than usual care in reducing traumatic stress symptoms in women at 4–6 weeks. Further studies of high methodological quality that include longer follow up of 6–12 months are required in order to substantiate the evidence of the effectiveness of specific face to face and online early psychological intervention modalities in preventing the effects of stress symptoms and PTSD in women following a traumatic birth before introduction to routine care and practice.

Prospero registration

CRD42020202576, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=202576
Inflation of wood resources in European forests: The footprints of a big-bang
Authors: Bontemps Jean-Daniel
Published: November 2021

The current increase in European forest resources forms a singularity across the globe. Whether this trend will persist, and how biological and economic trends feature it form crucial issues to green economy challenges and C sequestration. The present screening ofForest Europe2015 statistics explored the features, inertia and limits of this expansion, and its relationships with countries’ development, forest management and trade, intense in this area of the world. Persisting footprint of past demographic pressure on forests was identified, with opposed traces on their area and growing stock density. Steady growing stock (GS) increases, proportional to GS, not density-limited, and sustained by forest area increases, supported the view of an inflationary forest dynamic. Economic development and liberalism fostered both forest exploitation and production, yielding no significant impact on GS changes. Wood exports exerted a tension on forest exploitation and GS changes, thus lowering GS inflation but providing a resource security margin in the face of expected climate threats. Conflicting a common view, GS inflation and moderate felling-to-increment ratios make increased use of wood resources and C sequestration reconcilable, and GS expansion timely for ongoing EU forest policy processes. Anticipated adverse impacts of ongoing climate change were not clearly identified in these statistics.
The impact of changing cigarette smoking habits and smoke-free legislation on orofacial cleft incidence in the United Kingdom: Evidence from two time-series studies
Authors: Fell Matthew , Russell Craig , Medina Jibby , Gillgrass Toby , Chummun Shaheel , Cobb Alistair R. M. , Sandy Jonathan , Wren Yvonne , Wills Andrew , Lewis Sarah J.
Published: November 2021

Background

Both active and passive cigarette smoking have previously been associated with orofacial cleft aetiology. We aimed to analyse the impact of declining active smoking prevalence and the implementation of smoke-free legislation on the incidence of children born with a cleft lip and/or palate within the United Kingdom.

Methods and findings

We conducted regression analysis using national administrative data in the United Kingdom between 2000–2018. The main outcome measure was orofacial cleft incidence, reported annually for England, Wales and Northern Ireland and separately for Scotland. First, we conducted an ecological study with longitudinal time-series analysis using smoking prevalence data for females over 16 years of age. Second, we used a natural experiment design with interrupted time-series analysis to assess the impact of smoke-free legislation. Over the study period, the annual incidence of orofacial cleft per 10,000 live births ranged from 14.2–16.2 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and 13.4–18.8 in Scotland. The proportion of active smokers amongst females in the United Kingdom declined by 37% during the study period. Adjusted regression analysis did not show a correlation between the proportion of active smokers and orofacial cleft incidence in either dataset, although we were unable to exclude a modest effect of the magnitude seen in individual-level observational studies. The data in England, Wales and Northern Ireland suggested an 8% reduction in orofacial cleft incidence (RR 0.92, 95%CI 0.85 to 0.99; P = 0.024) following the implementation of smoke-free legislation. In Scotland, there was weak evidence for an increase in orofacial cleft incidence following smoke-free legislation (RR 1.16, 95%CI 0.94 to 1.44; P = 0.173).

Conclusions

These two ecological studies offer a novel insight into the influence of smoking in orofacial cleft aetiology, adding to the evidence base from individual-level studies. Our results suggest that smoke-free legislation may have reduced orofacial cleft incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
Analysis on the structure effect of marine fishery total factor productivity under high-quality development in China
Authors: Wang Bo , Han Limin , Zhang Hongzhi
Published: November 2021

Improving total factor productivity (TFP) is the source of power for high-quality development. Industrial structure optimization is an important way to improve TFP. This paper constructed an econometric model of industry structure changes impacting on TFP in the marine fisheries and conducted an empirical test and analysis. The results showed that the industry rationalization, softening and processing coefficient of marine fishery had a significant “structural dividend” for improving its TFP; while the impact of industrial structure advancement and aquaculture-catching structure changes did not have “structural dividend”, but it could be a combination of other factors to reduce these adverse effects.We believe that simply pursuing the advanced evolution of the industrial structure is not conducive to sustainable development of fishery. Under the pursuit of the rationalization of the marine fishery industry structure, by promoting the coordinated evolution of marine fisheries advancement, aquaculture-catching structure and other factors, the "structural dividend" effect can be enhanced and the fishery can achieve sustainable development. Finally, it proposed to promote the development of advancement and rationalization of marine fishery industry structure coordinately, adjust fishery science and technology transformation direction and key points, and accelerate the development of intensive processing industry by cross-border integration.
Characteristics of “chūnibyō” identified by a questionnaire
Authors: Shimoda Masafumi , Morimoto Kozo , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Yoshimori Kozo , Ohta Ken
Published: November 2021

Background

“Chūnibyō” is a term that represents a distinctive, transient mental state during puberty in Japan, but its characteristics and precise definition have not been standardized. Increased awareness of chūnibyō could lead to a better environment for those who experience it. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of and problems related to chūnibyō using an anonymous questionnaire.

Materials and methods

An anonymous online questionnaire was conducted in February 2021 in Japan. In total, 314 volunteers completed the anonymous online questionnaire. Respondents were divided into the chūnibyō group (n = 122) and the non-chūnibyō group (n = 192), and the questionnaire responses were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the responses were compared between the chūnibyō with problems subgroup (n = 82) and the other subgroup (n = 232). The main outcome was the identification of the chūnibyō group based on the responses to the item “I have experienced chūnibyō” or “I have been told that I exhibited chūnibyō”.

Results

The median age of the chūnibyō group was 31 years old; this group was predominantly male (n = 79, 64.8%) and had a relatively high proportion of respondents with any problems (n = 82, 67.2%). The chūnibyō group had higher proportions of respondents who felt that academic tests did not reflect their true worth (n = 58 (47.5%) vs. n = 66 (35.4%), p = 0.024), who felt uncomfortable in the world (n = 77 (61.1%) vs. n = 67 (34.9%), p<0.001), and who had an imaginary/fantasy friend or boyfriend/girlfriend (n = 39 (32.0%) vs. n = 10 (5.2%), p<0.001). The results were similar between the chūnibyō with problems subgroup and the other subgroup. Eighty respondents (25.4%) had negative impressions of chūnibyō, whereas twenty-one respondents (6.7%) had positive impressions.

Conclusions

This study is the first to report the characteristics of chūnibyō by collecting the experiences and thoughts of people who experienced chūnibyō.
Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication outcomes among Vietnamese patients in the same households: Findings from a non-randomized study
Authors: Dao Long Van , Dao Hang Viet , Nguyen Hao Thi , Vu Vung Thi , Tran Anh Thi Ngoc , Dat Vu Quoc , Hoang Long Bao , Nguyen Hong Thi Van , Nguyen Thang Duy
Published: November 2021

Objective

Familial transmission can possibly influence the infection and treatment of Helicobacter pylori. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori infection and outcomes of eradication treatment among Vietnamese patients who live in the same households.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of Vietnamese household members with upper gastrointestinal complaints. Participants received esophagogastroduodenoscopy and H. pylori testing. The H. pylori-positive patients were treated and asked to return for follow-up within 4 months. To explore factors associated with H. pylori infection at baseline, we performed multilevel logistic regression to account for the clustering effect of living in the same households. To explore factors associated with eradication failure, we used Poisson regression with robust variance estimation to estimate the risk ratio.

Results

The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 83.5% and highest among children <12 years old (92.2%) in 1,272 patients from 482 households. There were variations in H. pylori infection across households (intraclass correlation = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05, 0.33). Children aged <12 years had higher odds of H. pylori infection (odds ratio = 3.41, 95%CI 2.11, 5.50). At follow-up, H. pylori was eradicated in 264 of 341 patients (77.4%). The risk of eradication failure was lower for the sequential regimen with tetracycline.

Conclusion

H. pylori infection was common among people living in the same households. Eradication success for H. pylori was higher for the tetracycline sequential regimen. More research should be focused on how family factors influence H. pylori infection and on eradication treatment.
Ten genes are considered as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of dermatomyositis
Authors: Xiao Lu , Xiao Wei , Lin Shudian
Published: November 2021

Objective

This study aimed to identify the biomarkers and mechanisms for dermatomyositis (DM) progression at the transcriptome level through a combination of microarray and bioinformatic analyses.

Method

Microarray datasets for skeletal muscle of DM and healthy control (HC) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using GEO2R. Enrichment analyses were performed to understand the functions and enriched pathways of DEGs. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes. The top 10 hub genes were validated by other GEO datasets. The diagnostic accuracy of the top 10 hub genes for DM was evaluated using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Result

A total of 63 DEGs were identified between 10 DM samples and 9 HC samples. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs are mostly enriched in response to virus, defense response to virus, and type I interferon signaling pathway. 10 hub genes and 3 gene cluster modules were identified by Cytoscape. The identified hub genes were verified by GSE1551 and GSE11971 datasets and proven to be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of DM.

Conclusion

Our work identified 10 valuable genes as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of DM and explored the potential underlying molecular mechanism of the disease.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cold Snare Polypectomy Technique: Technique Matters More Than Snare Wire Diameter
Authors: Sidhu Mayenaaz , Forbes Nauzer , Tate David J. , Desomer Lobke , Lee Eric Y.T. , Burgess Nicholas , van Hattem Arnout , Mcleod Duncan , Cheng Edwin , Cartwright Shane , Schell Andrew , Hilsden Robert J. , Heitman Steven J. , Bourke Michael J.
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is safe and effective for the removal of small adenomas (≤10 mm); however, reported incomplete resection rates (IRRs) vary. The optimal CSP technique, where a wide margin of normal tissue is resected around the target lesion, and snare design have both been hypothesized to reduce the IRR after CSP. We sought to investigate the efficacy of a thin-wire versus thick-wire diameter snare on IRR, using the standardized CSP technique.

METHODS:

This was an international multicenter parallel design randomized trial with 17 endoscopists of varying experience (NCT02581254). Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the use of a thin-wire (0.30 mm) or thick-wire (0.47 mm) snare for CSP of small (≤10 mm) colorectal polyps. The primary end point was the IRR as determined by the histologic assessment of the defect margin after polypectomy.

RESULTS:

Over 52 months to January 2020, 1,393 patients were eligible. A total of 660 patients with polyps (57.4% male) were randomized to a thin-wire (n = 339) or thick-wire (n = 321) snare. The overall IRR of the cohort was 1.5%. There was no significant difference in the IRR between the thin- and thick-wire arms; relative risk—0.41, 95% CI (0.11–1.56), P = 0.21. No significant differences were observed in the rate of adverse events.

DISCUSSION:

In this multicenter randomized trial, CSP is safe and effective with very low rates of incomplete resection independent of the diameter of the snare wire used. This suggests that the optimal operator technique is more important than the snare design alone in minimizing residual adenoma after CSP.
Treatment of Crohn's Disease and Concomitant Alopecia Areata With Tofacitinib
Authors: Akiyama Shintaro , Lin Austin , Traboulsi Cindy , Rubin David T.
Published: November 2021

Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of immune-mediated hair loss and is reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. This suggests that there might be a shared molecular pathway in the pathogenesis of AA and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists are also rarely associated with new-onset AA. We present a patient with Crohn's disease treated with adalimumab who developed AA that rapidly progressed to alopecia totalis and universalis. We describe the use of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase 1/3 inhibitor, to not only successfully treat the AA but also maintain her Crohn's disease.
Antibacterial Effect and Potency of Jamaican Cherry Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) as Feed Additive for Antibiotic Growth Promoter Alternative in Animals
Authors: Widyanjaya Anak Agung Gede Fandhiananta , Jayawardhita Anak Agung Gede
Published: November 2021

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest health challenges in the world. The unwise use of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) in livestock is one of the factors that triggers the increase in the incidence of antimicrobial resistance. In an effort to anticipate the negative impact of using antibiotics, alternative materials are needed to replace AGP. From those various problems, this paper aims to provide information on the use of phytogenic feed additives as natural antibacterials that have the potency as an alternative AGP. Based on the results of various studies, Jamaican cherry leaf extract has the ability to inhibit the growth of various bacterial species in vitro. Various phytochemical test results showed that Jamaican cherry leaves contain several types of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have antibacterial effect.  The addition of Jamaican cherry leaves to feed was able to increase the value of digestibility, carcass weight, egg production, and protein content of meat. Therefore, Jamaican cherry leaf (Muntingia carabula L.) has the potency to be used as feed additive to replace AGP.
Utilization of Tithonia diversifolia as Ruminant Feed
Authors: Sirait Juniar , Simanihuruk Kiston
Published: November 2021

Forage is an important component in raising  ruminants. Limited land specifically for forage cultivation is a big challenge in providing forage. Tithonia diversifolia is a promising species used as feed for ruminants because it is easy to grow in various places without being cultivated, such as on roadsides or as fences. This paper aims to give information about Tithonia diversifolia and its cultivation, production, nutritional value and its utilization as forage for ruminant. This plant can be propagated vegetatively and generatively. The spread of seeds can be carried by vectors such as humans, livestock, water currents and wind. T. diversifolia plants have several advantages: fast growing, high production, high crude protein content, resistance to high cutting frequencies and tolerance to acidic soils. Apart from these advantages, this plant also has some weaknesses because it contains several secondary compounds which may affect rumen fermentation. This weakness can be overcome by addition of feed aditive, charcoal or by processing it into silage. T. diversifolia has been used as feed for small and large ruminants either as single or mixed feed with concentrates and other forages with relatively high digestibility. The dry matter consumption of T. diversifolia reaches nearly 600 g/h/d when given as single feed to goats. However, recommended feeding level is 30% of total ration. 
Effects of Parameters on Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Rectangular Cross Section Heat Pipe with Mesh Wick
Authors: Sichamnan Surachet , Rodbumrung Anurak
Published: November 2021

This research investigated effects of parameters on heat transfer characteristics of a rectangular cross section heat pipe with mesh wick (RHP/MW). The working substance used Distilled Water and Refrigerant R-11. Heat loads at the evaporator were set at 20, 40, 60 and 80 W. Results revealed that, throughout the test, RHP/MW/ R-11 gave the highest heat transfer rate and average heat flux of 26.91 W and 2054.57 kW/m2 respectively. Heat Load of 80 W produced the lowest total thermal resistance of 0.4388 °C/W with the highest average thermal efficiency of 52.91%, the highest efficiency among the test cases. This is due to an increase of heat receiving areas of RHP/MW. More heat is transferred through the pipe wall to the wet perimeter of the working substance which caused the working substances in the evaporator to boil faster. The mesh wick also helped the condensed working substance to disperse around the inner tube wall and resulted in a thin film of the condensate liquid. This resulted in a higher heat transfer rate and heat flux for the RHP/MW. Mesh wick also generated capillary pressure that drew the condensed liquid back to the evaporator. The maximum capillary pressure obtained from the test was 93.29 N/m2 when the heat load of 80 W was applied to the RHP/MW/R-11. RHP/MW/R11 greatly enhances the heat transfer characteristics. Thus, it is suitable for application as an alternative to specific work sites that require smooth contact with heat receiving areas.
Laminar Flame Characteristics of 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) Biofuel: A Comparative Review with Ethanol and Gasoline
Authors: Hoang Long Vuong , Nguyen Danh Chan , Truong Thanh Hai , Le Huu Cuong , Nguyen Minh Nhat
Published: November 2021

Since the early years of the 21st century, the whole world has faced two very urgent problems: the depletion of fossil energy sources and climate change due to environmental pollution. Among the solutions sought, 2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) emerged as a promising solution. DMF is a 2nd generation biofuel capable of mass production from biomass. There have been many studies confirming that DMF is a potential alternative fuel for traditional fuels (gasoline and diesel) in internal combustion engines, contributing to solving the problem of energy security and environmental pollution. However, in order to apply DMF in practice, more comprehensive studies are needed. Not out of the above trend, this paper analyzes and discusses in detail the characteristics of DMF's combustible laminar flame and its instability under different initial conditions. The evaluation results show that the flame characteristics of DMF are similar to those of gasoline, although the burning rate of DMF is much higher than that of gasoline. This shows that DMF can become a potential alternative fuel in internal combustion engines.
Potassium mobilization and plant growth promotion by soil bacteria isolated from different agroclimatic zones of Odisha, India
Authors: PANDA Aiswarya , DASH Ankita , MISHRA Bibhuti Bhusan
Published: November 2021

Potassium is essential for plant metabolism; improves immunity to stress and increase crop productivity. Soil contains insoluble form of potassium, which is unavailable for plant absorption. Potash mobilizing bacteria (KMB) solubilise complex potassium and make it available to plant. KMB with plant growth promoting (PGP) traits could enhance growth and crop productivity. Here we attempt to screen KMBs with PGP traits from different agroclimatic zones of Odisha and study dynamics of potassium in soil. Isolation of KMB and determination of PGP traits was performed with standard protocols. Pot culture experiment was aimed to study their effect on sunflower crop. Available soil potassium was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Thirty KMBs were isolated from different agro-climatic zones of Odisha, out of which 6 isolates exhibited maximum PGP traits. Moreover, after adding inoculums the available soil potassium decreased over 0 to 30 days as compared to control, with increase in shoot length. T7 (consortium) reported maximum (144 %) increase in shoot length. Available soil potassium content decreased with increase in time. A maximum decrease was reported in T7 (26.31 %), suggesting potassium accumulation by plant.
Marker-trait association study for root-related traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: SHEKARI Zahra , TAHMASEBI Zahra , KANOUNI Homayoun , MEHRABI Ali ashraf
Published: November 2021

Root structure modification can improve important agronomic traits including yield, drought tolerance and nutrient deficiency resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity of root traits and to find simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to root traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). This research was performed using 39 diverse accessions of chickpea. The results showed that there is significant variation in root traits among chickpea genotypes. A total of 26 alleles were detected 26 polymorphic bands were produced by 10 SSR markers in the eight linkage groups (LG). The results indicated that there is substantial variability present in chickpea germplasm for root traits. By analyzing the population structure, four subpopulations were identified. PsAS2, AF016458, 16549 and 19075 SSR markers on LG1, LG3, LG2 and LG1 linkage group respectively were associated with root traits. The research findings provide valuable information for improving root traits for chickpea breeders.