bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon-based strategy enables sustainable remediation of paddy soils in harmony with carbon neutrality
Authors: Liu Kai , Ran Qiwang , Li Fangbai , Shaheen Sabry M. , Wang Hailong , Rinklebe Jörg , Liu Chuanping , Fang Liping
Published: July 2022

Carbon-based materials have been widely used in agricultural land contamination remediation. However, the sustainability and carbon footprint of its remediation actions and application methods for heavy metals contaminated agricultural land are still unclear. Herein, two representative carbon-based remediation materials biochar and peat are selected to systematically evaluate the sustainability and net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) of remediation action during the life cycle based on paddy field trials. Life cycle assessment results show that the application of biochar for the remediation of cadmium contaminated paddy fields is more harmful to human health and ecosystems than that of peat remediation action. Meanwhile, one-time addition of the remediation materials has less negative impact on the environment (human health, ecosystems, and resources) compared with multiple times addition. Carbon-based materials enable sustainable remediation of paddy soils and the overall sustainability score (97.4) of peat was higher than that of biochar (88.4) remediation action. In contrast, carbon footprint results show that the NECB of biochar exhibited a higher positive value of 33.73 t CO2-eq/ha (dosage: 15 t/ha) compared with peat, and the prediction results show that 90% of carbon in biochar remained in soil and peat only remained 82% after 40 years, which indicating that biochar contributed more finely to carbon sequestration than peat during the remediation action. Thus, this study provides new insights into the different carbon-based materials for the sustainability of paddy soils remediation and in harmony with carbon neutral plan.

Graphical abstract
Visibilising the neglected: The emancipatory potential of resilience
Authors: Krüger Marco
Published: July 2022

The shift of responsibility from the state and public authorities to the individual and the local level is one of the most common critiques of resilience policies. Individuals are portrayed as self-responsible entrepreneurs of their own protection. This article proposes a more nuanced reading of this process by arguing that resilience also entails an emancipatory potential. Drawing on an analysis of the German disaster management system and its structural marginalisation of care-dependent people, the article discusses the potential of resilience to make so far neglected needs visible. This visibilisation is the precondition for the recognition and, subsequently, the societal negotiation of the various needs and resources. Recognition and material redistribution may then be the yardstick for assessing the legitimacy of a shift of responsibilities that rests on the appropriate consideration of power, privileges, and abilities of the respective referent object of responsibility. Taking up the Frankfurt School's tradition of immanent critique, security scholars should not restrict themselves to exercise the necessary critique of problematic resilience policies, but engage in carving out how resilience can contribute to freeing rather than burdening the (precarious) individual.
A Wunderblume and Her Friends: How Bettina Brentano-von Arnim Develops Individuality Through Dialogue
Authors: Pollok Anne
Published: July 2022

Bettina Brentano-von Arnim (1785–1859) is one of the most fascinating writers of German Romanticism. After a late, but spectacular start to her career as an author with the biographically inspired Goethe's Correspondence with a Child (1835) that boldly claims the legacy of Germany's most admired poet, Bettina continues to explore the realm of biography, but also widens her perspective to the pressing social questions of her time. Her message is entertaining, yet clear: we need a new way of thinking that engages the whole human being who understands and accepts her rational as well as sensible side, who is situated in a society and engages in dialogue with others. Accordingly, her work is an apt example of the practice of symphilosophy in late German Romanticism. This paper will concentrate on the notion of self-formation through dialogue in her letter books, and the political-aesthetic idea of a ‘king for the people’ that guided Brentano-von Arnim's political engagement in the 1840s.
‘The Best Thing I Ever Did on the Stage’: Edward Gordon Craig and the Purcell Operatic Society
Authors: Burt Philippa
Published: July 2022

Although lasting only two and a half years, Edward Gordon Craig’s engagement with the Purcell Operatic Society was his most consistent and productive period of work on the stage. This article re-examines this time during Craig’s life in order to ascertain why he saw it to be the zenith of his career. In particular, it analyzes his work with the amateur group to argue that it was foundational in the development of his approach to theatre-making and, further, helped him to introduce the entity of theatre director to Britain and what the role of such a person could be. By examining this material in relation to wider contextual factors, the article also shows how the group offered audiences an alternative to the dominant ‘star’ system of the early 1900s. The article thus indicates why Craig scholarship needs to place the Purcell Operatic Society at the centre of any of its discussions. Philippa Burt is a lecturer in Theatre and Performance at Goldsmiths, University of London. Her recent publications include the chapter ‘American Invasions’ in The Cambridge Companion to British Theatre of the First World War (forthcoming, September 2022), as well as articles on Harley Granville Barker and Joan Littlewood in New Theatre Quarterly and Theatre, Dance, and Performer Training.
Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis in Two Intern Doctors in the Same Night Shift
Authors: Canakci Mustafa Emin , Sevik Omer Erdem , Dereli Gokhan , Mert Kadir Ugur , Acar Nurdan
Published: July 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people around the globe and vaccines against the disease have started to develop. Side effects of the vaccine have been reported in the literature, including myocarditis, which has a very low incidence and with a good prognosis. This case report aims to present two medical students’ vaccine-induced myocarditis cases after the first doses of BNT162b2.

These patients were young males with no previous medical history and both of them had good recovery after the disease. Both of them had their vaccine very recently before the event. These cases show that myocarditis can be seen after the first dose as well.

Global vaccination is the most effective prevention method against COVID-19. Considering the fact that morbidities after the disease occur more than the side effects of the vaccine, they are still the best option against the current pandemic.
Entwicklungsstörungen in der Kindheit
Authors: Daseking Monika , Koglin Ute
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Entwicklungsstörungen beziehen sich auf globale oder spezifische (umschriebene) Abweichungen von Verhalten oder Fähigkeiten. Sie haben ihren Ursprung in der Kindheit. Durch die im DSM 5 und ICD-11 neu eingeführte Bezeichung als Neuroentwicklungsstörungen wird deutlich, dass die Störungen auch aufgrund ihrer hohen gemeinsamen Anteile in der Symptomatik und der bedeutsamen Komorbiditäten eher über eine dimensionale Betrachtung zu verstehen sind. Analysen von Krankenkassendaten lassen die Schlussfolgerung zu, dass Entwicklungsstörungen mit 17 % die mit Abstand häufigste Diagnose psychischer Störungen im Kinder- und Jugendbereich darstellen. Ursachen und Risikofaktoren für Entwicklungsstörungen erweisen sich als heterogen, jedoch mit einem engen Bezug zur neuronalen Entwicklung. Nicht nur die Entwicklungsstörungen oder Verhaltensstörungen in der Kindheit an sich, sondern auch die häufig damit assoziierten negativen Folgen für den Alltag können sich deutlich auf die Lebensqualität von betroffenen Kindern und ihren Familien auswirken. Elterliche Belastungen und famliliärer Stress im Kontext einer Entwicklungsstörung des Kindes können zusätzlich dazu beitragen, dass sich die wahrgenommene gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität verringert. Gezielte Interventionen können dazu beitragen, Familien zu entlasten und die Lebensqualität zu berbessern.
Welche psychosozialen Belastungen weisen Familien mit einem Kind mit einer Entwicklungsauffälligkeit auf und welche Unterstützungsangebote nutzen sie?
Authors: Ulrich Susanne M. , Löchner Johanna , Walper Sabine , Ghezih Sarah , Lux Ulrike
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Früherkennung bei Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten (EA) ist wichtig, insbesondere wenn diese mit psychosozialer Belastung einhergehen. Fragestellung: Bisher ist wenig darüber bekannt, wie sich die Belastungssituation bei Familien mit Kind mit EA im Alter von 0 – 3 Jahren verändert und welche Unterstützungsangebote sie nutzen. Methode: 779 Eltern schätzten EA für ihr Kind in den Bereichen Kommunikation, Fein- und Grobmotorik, Problemlösekompetenz und Soziale Entwicklung ein und 765 Eltern füllten einen Fragebogen zu psychosozialen Belastungen (T1 und T2) aus. Ergebnisse: 30,6 % der Kinder zeigen eine EA. Die kumulierte Belastung ist bei Familien mit Kind mit EA erhöht. Im Bereich der Kommunikation, Feinmotorik und Problemlösekompetenz zeigt sich ein stärkerer Anstieg der Belastungskumulation, wenn keine Frühförderung genutzt wurde. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Die elterliche Einschätzung beim frühen Erkennen einer EA sollte stärker in Betracht genommen werden.
Faktorielle Struktur motorischer Kompetenzen bei Grundschulkindern der ersten Klasse
Authors: Michel Eva , Gado Gina
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das Wissen über die faktorielle Struktur motorischer Kompetenzen ist unter anderem für die Interventionsplanung relevant; bei distinkten Faktoren sind domänspezifische Ansätze sinnvoll. Die zugrundeliegende Struktur ist ferner für die Interpretation von Gesamt- und Subskalenwerten bedeutsam. Fragestellung: Untersucht wird, ob den Leistungen von Grundschulkindern in der motorischen Testbatterie Movement ABC-2 ( Petermann, 2015 ) die drei distinkten, interkorrelierten Faktoren Handgeschicklichkeit, Balance und Ballfertigkeiten zugrunde liegen. Methode: Die Daten von n = 123 7- bis 8-jährigen Erstklässlern wurden mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Das Originalmodell mit elf Indikatoren stellte sich für die betrachtete Stichprobe als nicht adäquat heraus. Nach Ausschluss des Indikators Mattenhüpfen 2 – besseres Bein konnte eine gute globale Passung des getrimmten dreifaktoriellen Modells mit korrelierten Faktoren nachgewiesen werden. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Eine Revision einzelner Items für diese Altersgruppe scheint sinnvoll. Die Schwierigkeit des Items Mattenhüpfen 2 könnte erhöht werden, und das Item Zweihändiges Fangen könnte leicht abgeändert werden, um präzises Fangen isoliert zu erfassen. Diese Maßnahmen könnten auch dazu beitragen, das gesamte Leistungsspektrum in dieser Altersgruppe besser zu erfassen.
Linking Overturning, Recirculation, and Melt in Glacial Fjords
Authors: Zhao Ken X. , Stewart Andrew L. , McWilliams James C.
Published: July 2022

Fjord circulation modulates the connection between marine‐terminating glaciers and the ocean currents offshore. These fjords exhibit both overturning and horizontal recirculations, which are driven by water mass transformation at the head of the fjord via subglacial discharge plumes and distributed meltwater plumes. However, little is known about how various fjord characteristics influence the interaction between 3D fjord circulation and glacial melt. In this study, high‐resolution numerical simulations of idealized glacial fjords demonstrate that recirculation strength controls melt, which feeds back on overturning and recirculation. The relationships between overturning, recirculation, and melt rate are well predicted by vorticity balance, reduced‐order melt parameterizations, and empirical scaling arguments. These theories allow us to take into account the near‐glacier horizontal velocities, which yield improved predictions of fjord overturning, recirculation, and glacial melt.
Operational Assimilation of Spectral Wave Data From the Sofar Spotter Network
Authors: Houghton Isabel A. , Hegermiller Christie , Teicheira Camille , Smit Pieter B.
Published: July 2022

Historically, the sparseness of in situ open‐ocean wave and weather observations has severely limited the forecast skill of weather over the ocean with major social and economic consequences for coastal communities and maritime industries. Ocean surface waves, specifically, are important for the interaction between atmosphere and ocean, and thus key in modeling weather and climate processes. Here, we investigate the improvements achievable from a large distributed sensor network combined with advances in assimilation strategies. Wave spectra from a global network of over 600 Sofar Spotter buoys are assimilated into an operational global wave forecast via optimal interpolation to update model spectra to best fit observations. We demonstrate end‐to‐end improvements in forecast skill of significant wave height of 38%, and up to 45% for other bulk parameters. This shows distributed observations of the air‐sea interface, with advances in assimilation strategies, can reduce uncertainty in forecasts to dramatically improve earth system modeling.
Widespread Wildfires Over the Western United States in 2020 Linked to Emissions Reductions During COVID‐19
Authors: Ren Lili , Yang Yang , Wang Hailong , Wang Pinya , Yue Xu , Liao Hong
Published: July 2022

Widespread wildfires struck the western United States in 2020, damaging properties and threating human lives. Meanwhile, the COVID‐19 pandemic spread across the globe, which disrupted human activities. Here, we investigate the effects of the emissions reductions during the pandemic on fire weather in 2020 over the western United States by using an earth system model together with observations. We show that reductions in aerosols dominate the increases in wildfire risks, whereas greenhouse gas decrease counteracts this influence. The aerosol emissions reductions increased surface air temperature and decreased precipitation and relative humidity due to a weakened moisture transport, which explains one‐third of the observed increase in wildfire risks during August–November over the western United States in 2020. This study suggests that COVID‐19‐related emissions reductions have an unexpected influence on wildfires, highlighting a different but important role of human activities in affecting wildfire risks.
How NHS Tayside dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic within Urgent Dental Care Centres: clinical staff views and experiences
Authors: Scott Claire , Stevenson Brian , Curnow Morag , Young Linda
Published: July 2022

Introduction Dental staff are considered to be at increased risk of COVID-19 transmission, and national concerns about personal protective equipment (PPE) and staff safety have been widely reported. This study explores the views of staff working in Urgent Dental Care Centres (UDCCs) during the first COVID-19 lockdown.

Aims To explore clinical staff views and experiences of PPE and personal safety while working in NHS Tayside's UDCCs during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design Cross-sectional questionnaire survey.

Materials and methods A questionnaire was emailed to staff working within NHS Tayside UDCCs during the first lockdown. The questions related to PPE, working environment, personal safety and wellbeing. This paper focuses on PPE and personal safety.

Results Of the 176 invited to participate, 116 completed the questionnaire. The majority confirmed that they always had access to appropriate PPE and few had concerns about personal safety.

Discussion Despite having worked in a high-risk environment throughout the lockdown, staff supporting the Tayside UDCCs felt safe and well-protected. This runs counter to widely reported anxieties about PPE and safety across the UK. Further investigation is required to understand this disparity.

Conclusion The results indicate that PPE was adequate, accessible and staff felt protected.
Vitamin C and folate status in hereditary fructose intolerance
Authors: Cano Ainara , Alcalde Carlos , Belanger-Quintana Amaya , Cañedo-Villarroya Elvira , Ceberio Leticia , Chumillas-Calzada Silvia , Correcher Patricia , Couce María Luz , García-Arenas Dolores , Gómez Igor , Hernández Tomás , Izquierdo-García Elsa , Chicano Dámaris Martínez , Morales Montserrat , Pedrón-Giner Consuelo , Jáuregui Estrella Petrina , Peña-Quintana Luis , Sánchez-Pintos Paula , Serrano-Nieto Juliana , Suarez María Unceta , Miñana Isidro Vitoria , de las Heras Javier
Published: July 2022

Background

Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a rare inborn error of fructose metabolism caused by the deficiency of aldolase B. Since treatment consists of a fructose-, sucrose- and sorbitol-restrictive diet for life, patients are at risk of presenting vitamin deficiencies. Although there is no published data on the status of these vitamins in HFI patients, supplementation with vitamin C and folic acid is common. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess vitamin C and folate status and supplementation practices in a nationwide cohort of HFI patients.

Methods

Vitamin C and folic acid dietary intake, supplementation and circulating levels were assessed in 32 HFI patients and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Results

Most of the HFI participants presented vitamin C (96.7%) and folate (90%) dietary intake below the recommended population reference intake. Up to 69% received vitamin C and 50% folic acid supplementation. Among HFI patients, 15.6% presented vitamin C and 3.1% folate deficiency. The amount of vitamin C supplementation and plasma levels correlated positively (R = 0.443;p = 0.011). Interestingly, a higher percentage of non-supplemented HFI patients were vitamin C deficient when compared to healthy controls (30% vs. 3.1%;p = 0.036).

Conclusions

Our results provide evidence for the first time supporting vitamin C supplementation in HFI. There is great heterogeneity in vitamin supplementation practices and, despite follow-up at specialised centres, vitamin C deficiency is common. Further research is warranted to establish optimal doses of vitamin C and the need for folic acid supplementation in HFI.
Fine mapping and accurate prediction of complex traits using Bayesian Variable Selection models applied to biobank-size data
Authors: de los Campos Gustavo , Grueneberg Alexander , Funkhouser Scott , Pérez-Rodríguez Paulino , Samaddar Anirban
Published: July 2022

Modern GWAS studies use an enormous sample size and ultra-high density SNP genotypes. These conditions reduce the mapping resolution of marginal association tests–the method most often used in GWAS. Multi-locus Bayesian Variable Selection (BVS) offers a one-stop solution for powerful and precise mapping of risk variants and polygenic risk score (PRS) prediction. We show (with an extensive simulation) that multi-locus BVS methods can achieve high power with a low false discovery rate and a much better mapping resolution than marginal association tests. We demonstrate the performance of BVS for mapping and PRS prediction using data from blood biomarkers from the UK-Biobank (~300,000 samples and ~5.5 million SNPs). The article is accompanied by open-source R-software that implement the methods used in the study and scales to biobank-sized data.
Investigating the association between variability in sulcal pattern and academic achievement
Authors: Roell M. , Bellon E. , Polspoel B. , Declercq M. , De Smedt B.
Published: July 2022

Investigating how the brain may constrain academic achievement is not only relevant to understanding brain structure but also to providing insight into the origins of individual differences in these academic abilities. In this pre-registered study, we investigated whether the variability of sulcal patterns, a qualitative feature of the brain determined in-utero and not affected by brain maturation and learning, accounted for individual differences in reading and mathematics. Participants were 97 typically developing 10-year-olds. We examined (a) the association between the sulcal pattern of the IntraParietal Sulcus (IPS) and mathematical ability; (b) the association between the sulcal pattern of the Occipito Temporal Sulcus (OTS) and reading ability; and (c) the overlap and specificity of sulcal morphology of IPS and OTS and their associations with mathematics and reading. Despite its large sample, the present study was unable to replicate a previously observed relationship between the IPS sulcal pattern and mathematical ability and a previously observed association between the left posterior OTS sulcal pattern and reading. We found a weak association between right IPS sulcal morphology and symbolic number abilities and a weak association between left posterior OTS and reading. However, both these associations were the opposite of previous reports. We found no evidence for a possible overlap or specificity in the effect of sulcal morphology on mathematics and reading. Possible explanations for this weak association between sulcal morphology and academic achievement and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Robust Co alloy design for Co interconnects using a self-forming barrier layer
Authors: Kim Cheol , Kang Geosan , Jung Youngran , Kim Ji-Yong , Lee Gi-Baek , Hong Deokgi , Lee Yoongu , Hwang Soon-Gyu , Jung In-Ho , Joo Young-Chang
Published: July 2022

With recent rapid increases in Cu resistivity, RC delay has become an important issue again. Co, which has a low electron mean free path, is being studied as beyond Cu metal and is expected to minimize this increase in resistivity. However, extrinsic time-dependent dielectric breakdown has been reported for Co interconnects. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a diffusion barrier, such as the Ta/TaN system, to increase interconnect lifetimes. In addition, an ultrathin diffusion barrier should be formed to occupy as little area as possible. This study provides a thermodynamic design for a self-forming barrier that provides reliability with Co interconnects. Since Cr, Mn, Sn, and Zn dopants exhibited surface diffusion or interfacial stable phases, the model constituted an effective alloy design. In the Co-Cr alloy, Cr diffused into the dielectric interface and reacted with oxygen to provide a self-forming diffusion barrier comprising Cr2O3. In a breakdown voltage test, the Co-Cr alloy showed a breakdown voltage more than 200% higher than that of pure Co. The 1.2 nm ultrathin Cr2O3 self-forming barrier will replace the current bilayer barrier system and contribute greatly to lowering the RC delay. It will realize high-performance Co interconnects with robust reliability in the future.
Development of Ag0.04ZrO2/rGO heterojunction, as an efficient visible light photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Iqbal Rana Muhammad Arslan , Akhtar Tehmina , Sitara Effat , Nasir Habib , Fazal Aliya , Rafique Uzaira , Ullah Sharif , Mehmood Adeel
Published: July 2022

Methyl orange (MO) is mutagenic, poisonous, and carcinogenic in nature, hence, effective methods are required for its degradation. We have synthesized pure ZrO2, Ag-doped ZrO2, and Ag-doped ZrO2/rGO as hybrid photocatalysts by facile hydrothermal method. These photocatalysts were characterized by powder XRD, scanning electron microscopy, EDX, FTIR, photoluminescence, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance (DRS), and Raman spectroscopy. The photodegradation of MO (10 ppm) was studied with pure ZrO2, Ag-doped ZrO2, and Ag-doped ZrO2/rGO (10 mg/100 mL catalyst dosage) photocatalysts at 100 min irradiation time under UV–Visible light. The pH effect and catalyst dosage on photodegradation of MO was investigated. Ag0.04ZrO2/rGO photocatalyst exhibited the maximum photocatalytic degradation of MO (87%) as compared to Ag0.04ZrO2 (60%) and pure ZrO2 (26%). Reusability experiments ensured the excellent stability of photocatalyst after five consecutive experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the facile hydrothermal synthesis of Ag0.04ZrO2/rGO photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.
Effects of etomidate combined with dexmedetomidine on adrenocortical function in elderly patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Fangjun , Yang Zheng , Zeng Sisi , Gao Luyue , Li Jiabei , Wang Na
Published: July 2022

Etomidate has been advocated to be used in anesthesia for the elderly and the critically ill patients due to its faint effect on cardiovascular system. But the dose-dependent suppression of etomidate on adrenal cortex function leads to the limitation of its clinical application. Clinical research showed that dexmedetomidine could reduce the dose requirements for intravenous or inhalation anesthetics and opioids, and the hemodynamics was more stable during the operation. The objective was to observe the effect of etomidate combined with dexmedetomidine on adrenocortical function in elderly patients. 180 elderly patients scheduled for elective ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were randomly allocated to PR group anesthetized with propofol-remifentanil, ER group anesthetized with etomidate-remifentanil, and ERD group anesthetized with dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate-remifentanil. Patients in each group whose operation time was less than or equal to 1 h were incorporated into short time surgery group (PR1 group, ER1 group and ERD1 group), and whose surgical procedure time was more than 1 h were incorporated into long time surgery group (PR2 group, ER2 group and ERD2 group). The primary outcome was the serum cortisol and ACTH concentration. The secondary outcomes were the values of SBP, DBP, HR and SpO2, the time of surgical procedure, the dosage of etomidate and remifentanil administered during surgery, the time to spontaneous respiration, recovery and extubation, and the duration of stay in the PACU. The Serum cortisol concentration was higher at t1~2   in ERD1 group compared to ER1 group (P < 0.05). The Serum cortisol concentration at t1~3   was higher in ERD2 group than in ER2 group (P < 0.05). The Serum ACTH concentration was lower at t1~2  in ERD1 group compared to ER1 group (P < 0.05). The Serum ACTH concentration at t1~3  was lower in ERD2 group compared to ER2 group (P < 0.05). The SBP at T1 and T3 were higher in ER2 and ERD2 group than in PR2 group (P < 0.05). The DBP in ER1 and ERD1 group were higher at T1 compared to PR1 group (P < 0.05). The dosage of etomidate was significantly lower in ERD1 group and ERD2 group than in ER1 group and ER2 group (P < 0.05), respectively. The administration of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate can attenuate the inhibition of etomidate on adrenocortical function in elderly patients and maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability.
Radical deuteration
Authors: Li Nian , Li Yantao , Wu Xiaopeng , Zhu Chengjian , Xie Jin
Published: July 2022

This review is a systematic summary of radical deuteration with four reaction types: reductive deuteration, defunctionalization–deuteration, hydrogen–deuterium (H/D) exchange and radical deuteroalkylation.
Insight into the decay mechanism of cycling capacitance for layered double hydroxides at subnanometer scale
Authors: Zhao Jie , Guo Yue , Yang Yuqi , Shen Zhen , Wu Qiang , Yang Lijun , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng
Published: July 2022

The capacitance decay of LDHs during cycling mainly results from the narrowing of interlayer distance due to the carbonate ion replacement. The cycling stability of LDHs is much improved by a polymer encapsulation strategy to inhibit anion exchange.
A two-dimensional superlattice membrane enables high-performance desalination and enhanced Li ion selectivity
Authors: Cheng Lvyang , Dong Lei , Lv Yinjie , Gao Tianyi , He Yingjie , Wu Cong , Chen Xin , Zhang Yue , Zhai Wenbo , Cui Yuanyuan , Liu Wei
Published: July 2022

Here, we report a two-dimension (2D) superlattice-like membrane composed of periodic MoS2 and GO nanosheets, which delivers enhanced salt rejection capability, high water flux, and Li ion selectivity.
Behaviours of the lattice-polarity inversion in AlN growth on c-Al2O3 (0001) substrates by ammonia-free high temperature metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Shen Xuqiang , Matsuhata Hirofumi , Kojima Kazutoshi
Published: July 2022

A BF-STEM image and inserted magnified HR-HAADF-STEM images showing the different lattice-polarity of AlN at each position.
Copper catalyzed reaction of alcohols, alkyl halides and Na2S2O3: an odorless and ligand-free route to unsymmetrical thioether synthesis
Authors: Khezri Rahimeh , Abbasi Mohammad
Published: July 2022

A CuI-catalyzed condensation reaction between alcohols, alkyl halides, and Na2S2O3 leading to structurally diverse thioethers is reported.
Detecting clusters of galaxies and active galactic nuclei in an eROSITA all-sky survey digital twin
Authors: Seppi R. , Comparat J. , Bulbul E. , Nandra K. , Merloni A. , Clerc N. , Liu T. , Ghirardini V. , Liu A. , Salvato M. , Sanders J. S. , Wilms J. , Dwelly T. , Dauser T. , König O. , Ramos-Ceja M. E. , Garrel C. , Reiprich T. H.
Published: July 2022

Context.The extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory is revolutionizing X-ray astronomy. The mission provides unprecedented samples of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and clusters of galaxies, with the potential of studying astrophysical properties of X-ray sources and measuring cosmological parameters using X-ray-selected samples with higher precision than ever before.

Aims.We aim to study the detection, and the selection of AGN and clusters of galaxies in the first eROSITA all-sky survey, and to characterize the properties of the source catalog.

Methods.We produced a half-sky simulation at the depth of the first eROSITA survey (eRASS1), by combining models that truthfully represent the population of clusters and AGN. In total, we simulated 1 116 758 clusters and 225 583 320 AGN. We ran the standard eROSITA detection algorithm, optimized for extragalactic sources. We matched the input and the source catalogs with a photon-based matching algorithm.

Results.We perfectly recovered the bright AGN and clusters. We detected half of the simulated AGN with flux larger than 2 × 10−14erg s−1cm−2as point sources and half of the simulated clusters with flux larger than 3 × 10−13erg s−1cm−2as extended sources in the 0.5–2.0 keV band. We quantified the detection performance in terms of completeness, false detection rate, and contamination. We studied the population in the source catalog according to multiple cuts of source detection and extension likelihood. We find that the latter is suitable for removing contamination, and the former is very efficient in minimizing the false detection rate. We find that the detection of clusters of galaxies is mainly driven by flux and exposure time. It additionally depends on secondary effects, such as the size of the clusters on the sky plane and their dynamical state. The cool core bias mostly affects faint clusters classified as point sources, while its impact on the extent-selected sample is small. We measured the fraction of the area covered by our simulation as a function of limiting flux. We measured the X-ray luminosity of the detected clusters and find that it is compatible with the simulated values.

Conclusions.We discuss how to best build samples of galaxy clusters for cosmological purposes, accounting for the nonuniform depth of eROSITA. This simulation provides a digital twin of the real eRASS1.
Décarboner l’acier : un défi colossal à portée d’hydrogène bas carbone
Authors: Avice Matthias
Published: July 2022

Industrie la plus émettrice de gaz à effet de serre (GES), secteur dépendant à 40 % du prix de l’énergie, l’acier a du mal à clarifier son avenir dans un contexte de décarbonation drastique de nos sociétés et de flambée des prix de l’énergie. La sidérurgie française doit donc se tourner vers l’hydrogène bas carbone ainsi que vers une électrification généralisée de son process industriel. Une double nécessité qui appelle le recours au nucléaire.
Tendinopathien der unteren Extremität
Authors: Heitkamp Hauke
Published: July 2022

„Treat the donut, not the hole.“ Was bedeutet diese Aussage angesichts einer „Lower Limb Tendinopathy“? Um es kurz zu machen: Liegt eine Tendinopathie vor, gibt es immer noch genügend gesunde Sehnennanteile um das degenerierte „Sehnenloch“ herum, die trainiert werden sollten. Wie das Training gestaltet werden kann, ob immer noch ausschließlich Exzentrik en vogue ist und Schmerzen beim Training keine Rolle spielen, hat Physiotherapeut Hauke Heitkamp für Sie zusammengestellt.
Für Sie analysiert – Konsensus des European Lipoedema-Forums
Authors: Aschoff Frank
Published: July 2022

„Weg vom Ödem im Lipödem, damit auch weg vom Dogma der notwendigen Entstauung und hin zu den tatsächlichen Beschwerden unserer Lipödem-Patientinnen“ – dieser Apell basiert auf dem Konsensuspapier eines Expert*innen-gremiums. Auch wenn die Manuelle Lymphdrainage demnach nur eingeschränkt sinnvoll sein soll, behalten Physiotherapeut*innen eine zentrale Rolle in der Therapie des Lipödems.
Willkommen im Varieté der Praxislogistik – Maier-Kolumne
Authors: Maier Ulrike
Published: July 2022

Das Zeitmanagement in einer Praxis für Physiotherapie ist ein akrobatisches Meisterstück. Im Rhythmus wechselnder Behandlungseinheiten jongliert die Therapeutin Termine, zaubert Lücken, hängt in Drahtseilakten Patient*innen hintendran, verschiebt, vertauscht, hält alle Bälle in der Luft. Aber die virtuoseste Vorstellung nutzt nichts, wenn das Publikum nicht klatscht, sondern mit einem absurden Angebot von Ausreden ein Gegenprogramm startet.
Practices and Applications of Heart Rate Variability Monitoring in
Endurance Athletes
Authors: Lundstrom Christopher J , Foreman Nicholas A , Biltz George
Published: July 2022

Heart rate variability reflects fluctuations in the changes in consecutive
heartbeats, providing insight into cardiac autonomic function and overall
physiological state. Endurance athletes typically demonstrate better cardiac
autonomic function than non-athletes, with lower resting heart rates and greater
variability. The availability and use of heart rate variability metrics has
increased in the broader population and may be particularly useful to endurance
athletes. The purpose of this review is to characterize current practices and
applications of heart rate variability analysis in endurance athletes. Important
considerations for heart rate variability analysis will be discussed, including
analysis techniques, monitoring tools, the importance of stationarity of data,
body position, timing and duration of the recording window, average heart rate,
and sex and age differences. Key factors affecting resting heart rate
variability will be discussed, including exercise intensity, duration, modality,
overall training load, and lifestyle factors. Training applications will be
explored, including heart rate variability-guided training and the
identification and monitoring of maladaptive states such as overtraining.
Lastly, we will examine some alternative uses of heart rate variability,
including during exercise, post-exercise, and for physiological forecasting and
predicting performance.
„Mobilität ist Freiheit“ – Patient*innen erzählen
Authors: Egger Marion , Höhler Chiara
Published: July 2022

Mobilität. Mobil sein. Begriffe mit hoher Relevanz, die wir im Rehabilitationsalltag täglich benutzen. Doch was beinhalten sie genau? Und was bedeuten sie für Patientinnen und Patienten?
Catalytic Asymmetric [3+3] Cycloaddition of Activated Isocyanides with Azomethine Imines
Authors: Qian Linghui , Liao Jia-Yu , Tao Ling-Fei
Published: July 2022

Catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of activated isocyanides with various 2π dipolarophiles have been intensively studied, affording a wide range of enantioenriched five-membered N-heterocycles. In sharp contrast, the catalytic enantioselective higher-order cycloaddition of activated isocyanides has not been achieved yet. We present here our recent work on the development of an unprecedented silver-catalyzed highly diastereo- and enantioselective [3+3] cycloaddition of activated isocyanides with azomethine imines. This method features high efficiency, good to excellent stereocontrol, wide substrate scope, as well as operational simplicity. It is also noteworthy that the same catalytic system was proved to be suitable for not only the late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules but also the kinetic resolution of racemic azomethine imines.

1 Introduction

2 Results and Discussion

3 Summary and Outlook
Gender Influence on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery in a Caribbean Population
Authors: Harnarayan Patrick , Budhooram Steve , Harnanan Dave , Ramdass Michael J. , Islam Shariful , Naraynsingh Vijay
Published: July 2022

Female patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are usually less common and older than their male counterparts. We report on AAA disease in a Caribbean nation with respect to gender and review their outcomes relative to the male population. Data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively for patients with AAAs who underwent surgery from 2001 to 2018. Sixty patients were diagnosed with AAA with 44 going on to have surgical repair of which 35 were males, aged 61 to 89 (mean age 73.4 years). Nine women ages 44 to 74 years (mean age 60.8 years) had surgical intervention, three being between 40 and 49 years. The size of aneurysms in these patients ranged from 4.3 to 11.0 cm in diameter (average 6.95 cm), female patients having an average diameter of 6.7 cm. Of the 44 patients, 43 underwent open and one endovascular repair. Thirty-three were elective cases and 11 were ruptured with 32 aorto-aortic and 13 aorto-iliac repairs. There were nine fatalities, three elective and six ruptured, with only one being female. Women had similar outcomes to men in all age groups with young patients having good results. Female AAA patients are usually older, undergo less surgical procedures especially if endovascular, and have worse outcomes than their male counterparts. Our study showed that the females were younger but had similar outcomes to the male patients. The female Caribbean patients may present at much younger ages than in continental populations and this may be due to genetic, ethnic, or lifestyle factors.
The Clinical Value of Serial Radionuclide Gastric-Emptying Scintigraphy for Objective Evaluation of Gastroparesis in a Patient with Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Post Corrective Surgery
Authors: Javaid Amir , Siraj Qaisar Hussain
Published: July 2022

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. The condition results from compression of the duodenum between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, which causes an impairment of gastric emptying and associated chronic symptoms. There is a need to objectively assess the severity of gastric-emptying disorder in these patients post-treatment to assess the efficacy of the conservative or surgical management. We report here a case of a patient where the radionuclide gastric-emptying study was crucial in monitoring the effectiveness of surgical management of this syndrome.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Boari Flap Mimicking Urothelial Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Fishberg Sharon E. , Gofrit Ofer N. , Orevi Marina
Published: July 2022

A 63-year-old man underwent distal ureterectomy as a treatment for urothelial carcinoma of the ureter. Reconstruction of the urinary system was accomplished by tubularizing part of the bladder roof (Boari flap). A year later, metastatic evaluation with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) showed high metabolic activity in the reconstructed area. Thorough evaluation confirmed the presence of a bladder diverticulum (the Boari flap) with no evidence of malignancy. We present the first 18F-FDG PET/CT images of a Boari flap in the literature.
68Ga-DOTATATE Uptake in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Non-Neoplastic False Positive
Authors: Weissman Joshua P. , Bartel Twyla
Published: July 2022

In the detection and characterization of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), the NETSPOT 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) utilizes a somatostatin analog to capture whole body imaging of somatostatin receptors. Here, we report a rare case of incidental coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection using 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for a 48-year-old patient with COVID-19 who presented to our nuclear medicine department for oncologic and neuroendocrine indications. Current maximal intensity project image from 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT demonstrated numerous hypermetabolic foci in the upper abdominal lymph nodes, consistent with somatostatin-avid pancreatic islet cell neoplasm. Radiotracer uptake corresponding to the anatomic infiltrates was also seen in the bilateral pneumonia. With the rise of worldwide COVID-19 cases, and the continued use of NETSPOT for somatostatin avid neoplasms, it is imperative that diagnostic measures of this disease are clearly understood. This case highlights the importance of including COVID-19 on the differential diagnosis when radiotracer uptake appears in 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.
Chest Wall Mass as the Dominant Presentation of Low-Grade B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Sonavane Sunita Nitin , Basu Sandip
Published: July 2022

Low-grade B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with dominant presentation of chest wall mass is presented in this report. The patient, a 65-year-old woman, presented with pain, rising skin temperature and redness, and swelling on the right lower chest wall. The histopathological examination revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; the staging fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography demonstrated stage IVE disease, with hypermetabolic active disease in the right anterolateral chest wall in the form of large soft tissue mass and subcutaneous tissue with underlying bony erosion with extension into right anterior cardiophrenic space and superiorly up to right second costosternal region along the right internal mammary vessels. This was along with hypermetabolic active right axillary, right supraclavicular and left inguinal lymphadenopathy, and thickened hypermetabolic posterior right pleura with ametabolic right-sided pleural effusion. Bone marrow biopsy revealed uninvolved bone marrow. On follow-up after eight cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy, the mass had completely resolved on contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
Two Cases of Quadricuspid Aortic Valve: Aortic Regurgitation and Degeneration
Authors: Federspiel Jan Michael , Tschernig Thomas , Laschke Matthias Werner , Schäfers Hans-Joachim
Published: July 2022

Background Quadricuspid aortic valve is rare and occasionally associated with aortic regurgitation and ascending aortic dilatation. Recent studies suggest an association of aortic regurgitation with ascending aortic medial degeneration.

Case Description Histologic evaluation of ascending aortic tissue of two individuals with regurgitant quadricuspid aortic valve, one dilated, one non-dilated, yielded comparable degeneration in the Media.

Conclusion Regurgitation of quadricuspid aortic valve may lead to the degeneration of Tunica media of the ascending aorta.
Experimental research on a gigawatt-class Ku-band coaxial transit-time oscillator with low guiding magnetic field
Authors: Ling Junpu , Xu Weili , He Juntao , Song Lili , Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

A Ku-band relativistic transit-time oscillator with a three-cavity extractor and a distance-tunable reflector was proposed in our previous work [Ling et al., Phys. Plasmas 24(1), 013103 (2017)]. Recently, a new experiment was carried out on this device with an intense relativistic electron beam generator that produces electron beams with a duration of 55 ns and voltage of 0.4–1 MV. In preliminary experiments, mode competition was found with three main frequencies of which the reasons are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The results show that plasmas generated from the collector's surface are most likely to cause this problem. To solve this problem, the collector structure is extended axially. With an input voltage of 600 kV and a current of 11.7 kA, a microwave output power 1.9 GW with pulse width 26 ns and frequency 12.42 GHz is obtained under a 0.7 T guiding magnetic field. These experimental results effectively confirm the potential of high power capacity of this proposed Ku band transit-time oscillator.
Convexity of the free boundary for an axially symmetric rotational cavity flow problem
Authors: Zhang Fan
Published: July 2022

In Friedman’s work [Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 8, 949−997 (1983)], the existence and uniqueness of axially symmetric incompressible rotational cavity flow were established. Based on his work, we establish the convexity of the free boundary for the axially symmetric rotational cavity flows. As by-products, we also give the asymptotic behavior in the far-field.
Anharmonic phonon scattering study in MnPS3 crystal by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Yan Sihan , Wang Wei , Wang Cheng , Chen Limin , Ai Xiaoqian , Xie Qiyun , Cheng Guofeng
Published: July 2022

Phonons play a vital role in lattice dynamics, so a better understanding of anharmonic phonon scattering in van der Waals material MnPS3 is of great significance for its potential applications. Here, we employed Raman spectrum, in situ x-ray diffraction, and first-principles calculations for detailed research. The volume thermal expansion coefficient of MnPS3 was reported. Through the symmetric phonon scattering model, it is confirmed that cubic phonon processes play a major role in P2, P3, P4, and P5 peaks, while quartic phonon processes play an indispensable role in most peaks. The covalent bond was found to be more susceptible to anharmonic phonon scattering than ionic bonds, which is reflected in the wavenumber redshift. Moreover, asymmetric phonon scattering channels also play a meaningful role. Different cubic phonon scattering channels greatly influence the fitting results, and various quartic phonon scattering channels are diverse in highly nonlinear linewidth broadening.
Extended Wertheim theory predicts the anomalous chain length distributions of divalent patchy particles under extreme confinement
Authors: Jonas H. J. , Schall P. , Bolhuis P. G.
Published: July 2022

Colloidal patchy particles with divalent attractive interaction can self-assemble into linear polymer chains. Their equilibrium properties in 2D and 3D are well described by Wertheim’s thermodynamic perturbation theory, which predicts a well-defined, exponentially decaying equilibrium chain length distribution. In experimental realizations, due to gravity, particles sediment to the bottom of the suspension, forming a monolayer of particles with a gravitational height smaller than the particle diameter. In accordance with experiments, an anomalously high monomer concentration is observed in simulations, which is not well understood. To account for this observation, we interpret polymerization as taking place in a highly confined quasi-2D plane and extend the Wertheim thermodynamic perturbation theory by defining additional reaction constants as functions of chain length. We derive the theory, test it on simple square well potentials, and apply it to the experimental case of synthetic colloidal patchy particles immersed in a binary liquid mixture, which are described by an accurate effective critical Casimir patchy particle potential. The important interaction parameters entering the theory are explicitly computed using the integral method in combination with Monte Carlo sampling. Without any adjustable parameter, the predictions of the chain length distribution are in excellent agreement with explicit simulations of self-assembling particles. We discuss the generality of the approach and its application range.