bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of grazing on the ecosystems multifunctionality of montane meadow-grassland on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China
Authors: Jiang Kangwei , Zhang Qingqing , Wang Yafei , Li Hong , Yang Yongqiang , Reyimu Tursunnay
Published: December 2022

Ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring human survival and development. However, few studies have focused on the effects of different grazing intensities on EMF, and little is known about changes in the function of multiple ecosystems at different grazing intensities. The study investigated EMF of mountain meadow grasslands on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains in China, by way of a plant community survey coupled with high-throughput sequencing technology. The study calculated the EMF using the mean value method and explore the effects of no grazing (CK), light grazing (LG), and heavy grazing (HG) on grassland EMF. Results showed that HG significantly improved moisture regulation (MR) function (p < 0.05), and decreased soil fertility (SF) (p > 0.05), soil carbon storage (SCS) (p > 0.05), nutrient conversion and cycling (NC) (p > 0.05), grassland productivity (GP) function (p < 0.05), and EMF (p < 0.05). The EMF index of the grassland ecosystem under grazing conditions ranged from 0.3328–0.6018. GP, SCS, and NC functions had the highest contribution to EMF under CK, LG, and HG conditions, respectively. Under grazing conditions, EMF showed a cooperative relationship with SF, SCS, and GP, and the correlation coefficient (r) was between 0.62–0.76 (p < 0.05). At the same time, EMF and grassland water MR showed a relationship of trade-offs (r = 0.68, p < 0.05). The results of structural equation models showed that grazing had a significant effect on EMF directly, and also indirectly through soil fungal diversity. Therefore, reasonable reduction of grazing intensity is the most effective management approach for maintaining ecosystem function. At the same time, grazing plays a key role in maintaining EMF by regulating both above- and below-ground ecosystem functions, primarily through soil fungal diversity. This study elucidates the response of mountain grassland EMF to grazing intensity and provides a theoretical basis for restoring degraded grassland and sustainable ecosystem development.
Asymptotic stability of two-dimensional Couette flow in a viscous fluid
Authors: Li Hui , Masmoudi Nader , Zhao Weiren
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study the nonlinear asymptotic stability of Couette flow for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with small viscosity v > 0 in T×R. It's generally known that the nonlinear asymptotic stability of the Couette flow depends closely on the size and regularity of the initial perturbation, which yields the stability threshold problem. This work studies the relationship between the size and the regularity of the initial perturbation that makes the nonlinear asymptotic stability holds. More precisely, we proved that if the initial perturbation is in some Gevrey-1/s class with size εvβ where s ≥ 1-3β/2-3β and β∈[0,1/3], then the nonlinear asymptotic stability holds. We think this index is sharp.
A route of polyethylene glycol-based phase change heat storage wood with AlN as the thermal conductive filler
Authors: Li Yanchen , Sun Jingmeng , Zhang Weiye , Fang Xiaoyang , Wang Beibei , Li Fangzhou , Zhang Daihui , Guo Hongwu , Liu Yi
Published: December 2022

Wood is a great potential natural material with good energy storage and temperature adjustment for the energy crisis. In this study, wood was delignified, and the PEG based eutectic polymer (PGMA) was impregnated into the delignified wood, and styrene (SM) grafted AlN was selected as thermal conductive filler to synthesize a stable phase change heat storage wood. The result shows that the styrene (SM) polymerized on the surface of AlN to form polystyrene (PS), the dispersion of AlN was enhanced. The thermal stability and loss resistance of PCES-Wood are improved for the penetration of PS-AlN into the cavities, which is attributed to the PS-AlN playing a "limiting" role in the crystallization of PGMA. When the content of PS-AlN is 6%, the thermal conductivity of PCES-Wood reaches 0.5148 W/(m·K). 4% PS-AlN-PCES@Balsa has the lowest undercooling and heat loss rate, and the melting enthalpy and solidification enthalpy reach 125.60 J/g and 120.30 J/g, respectively. The phase change temperature range is between 19.59 ℃ and 33.87 ℃, which is in the comfortable temperature range for the human. Under the illumination of the simulated solar light source, the surface temperature of PS-AlN-PCES@Balsa rises rapidly and shows a lasting heat storage capacity at low temperatures. After 200 cold and hot cycle tests, the phase change enthalpy of PS-AlN-PCES@Balsa is still high, and there is a slight leakage phenomenon. The phase-change wood prepared in this study shows that it is a potential material to store and release solar energy in practical applications.
The influence of leaf anatomical traits on photosynthetic in coffee leaves in Yunnan of China
Authors: Xiao Ziwei , Ma Guanrun , Bai Xuehui , Li Jinhong , Zhao Mingzhu , Su Linlin , Zhou Hua
Published: December 2022

Leaf photosynthesis is largely determined by anatomical features. This study aimed to reveal the quantitative effects of the anatomical structure of Coffea arabica leaves on photosynthesis. Pearson’s correlation and path analysis were used to explore the correlation between leaf structure and photosynthesis. To calculate the comprehensive evaluation value of the correlation between leaf anatomical traits and photosynthetic parameters, the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method was used to obtain the objective weight of each photosynthetic parameter. Most of the anatomical traits of the leaf significantly (P<0.05) to highly significantly (P<0.01) correlated with photosynthetic parameters, suggesting that anatomical traits greatly affected the photosynthetic capacity in Coffea arabica leaf. Likewise, path coefficient analysis revealed that the photosynthetic capacity of Arabic coffee leaves is strongly correlated, both directly and indirectly, with the stomatal characteristics of the leaves. The results of the comprehensive evaluation also showed that leaf thickness (LT) and stomatal density (d) were the anatomical characteristics most closely related to photosynthesis. In these results, understanding the effects of the anatomical structure of coffee leaves on photosynthesis, may provide useful information for coffee breeding programs and the management of coffee plantations to increase photosynthesis.
Conditional Inference on the Generalized Gamma Distribution Parameters
Authors: Maswadah M.
Published: December 2022

It is widely known that the Bayes method is usually efficient especially when the sample sizes are small or when the data are heavily censored. However, the subjectivity of the Bayesian method to the prior distribution can take a posterior decision to unwelcome consequences. Therefore, this paper's main objective is to find the conditional point estimates using the pivotal functions. The conditional inference was used to estimate the generalized gamma distribution parameters, based on the generalized progressive hybrid-censoring scheme, and compare it with the Bayesian estimates, via Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results showed that the conditional inference is highly efficient and provides better estimates than the Bayesian estimates based on different loss functions. Finally, from a future perspective, the proposed model could be important for analysing biostatistics data on COVID-19 deaths in Egypt to demonstrate the efficiencies of the proposed methods.AMS Subject Classification:62F15; 62F40; 62F86; 62N01; 62N02
Is theoretical chemistry entering a new era of big data learning and reasoning: deep electron cloud-activity and field-activity relationships
Authors: Xu Lu , Yang Qin
Published: December 2022

Chemists have been pursuing general mathematical laws to explain the properties of chemical molecules for a long time. However, the traditional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models only provide small pieces of knowledge due to their poor generalization performance and limited application domain. This paper attempts to find a path to realize aunified QSAR that can theoretically predict ANY properties of ANY molecules. A framework combining deep learning, accurate quantum chemistry data and a large number of molecularentities is proposed, and its feasibility is studied. The proposed methods are called deep electron cloud-activity relationships (DECAR) and deep field-activity relationships (DFAR), which consist of three essentials: (1) thousands of molecule entities and activities (even reaching the limit of the current computing resources) as input objects and activity responses; (2) three-dimensional electron cloud density or related field data obtained by accurate density functional theory (DFT) methods as input features; and (3) a deep learning model with three-dimensional convolution layers that can learn these large data. The DECAR and DFAR methods are used to distinguish 977 sweet and 1965 nonsweet molecules, and the classification performance of deep learning models is demonstrated to be significantly better than that oftraditional least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) models. This work will enable the establishment of an interactive international platform for collecting and sharing the accurate electronic cloud and field data of millions of molecules with annotated activities. We envision the development of hundreds of networks trained for various molecular activities using a large number of molecules, which will become open and shared learning and inference tools for chemists all over the world. These networks will make the best use of our existing knowledge of molecular activity to infer the properties of an increasing number ofunknown molecules and will promote our prediction and understanding of molecular properties with unprecedented strength.
Predicting Acute Clinical Deterioration with Interpretable Machine Learning to support Emergency Care Decision Making
Authors: Logothetis Stelios Boulitsakis , Green Darren , Holland Mark , Moubayed Noura Al
Published: December 2022

The emergency department is a fast-paced environment responsible for large volumes of patients with varied acuity. Operationalpressures on emergency departments are increasing, which creates the imperative to efficiently identify patients at risk ofacute deterioration and minimise patients’ risk of morbidity and mortality. We apply state-of-the-art machine learning methodsto predict patient deterioration early, based on their first recorded vital signs, observations, laboratory results, and otherpredictors documented in Electronic Patient Records. We build on prior work by incorporating interpretable machine learningand fairness-aware modelling, and achieve improved classification performance over the current standard, the National EarlyWarning Score 2, measured by average precision and daily alert rate. We use a cross-sectional Electronic Patient Recorddataset comprising 121, 058 unplanned admissions at Salford Royal Hospital, UK, to systematically compare model variationsfor predicting mortality and critical care utilisation within 24 hours of admission. Our models yield up to 0.375 increase inaverage precision, up to 18.5% reduction in daily alert rate, and a median 0.577 reduction in differential bias amplification acrossthe protected demographics of age and sex. We use Shapely Additive exPlanations to justify the models’ outputs, verify thatthe captured data associations align with domain knowledge, and pair predictions with the causal context of each patient’smost influential characteristics. We encourage future research to follow a systematised approach to data-driven risk modellingand help obtain clinically applicable support tools.
Potential of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) for Dual-purpose Vegetable Production and Cover Cropping
Authors: Brasier Kyle , Zaragoza Ingrid , Knecht Jacob , Munster Rebecca , Coulter Hope , Potter Amanda , Enke Elizabeth , Fox Aaron , Mosqueda Elizabeth , Zakeri Hossein
Published: December 2022

Cover cropping has been strongly promoted, but few growers have realized the benefits of this practice due to challenges linked to economic returns and whole-system management. In the western United States, winter legumes including faba bean have the potential to add economic value while offering soil health benefits compared with fallow fields. This experiment assessed the potential of five vegetable faba bean varieties for fresh pod yield, fresh pod quality, and biomass N return under a single and multiple pod harvest scheme. Vegetable faba bean varieties were further compared with two popular cover crop faba bean varieties, ‘Bell bean’ and ‘Sweet Lorane’ for cover crop and biomass N return benefits. The experiment revealed significant (P ≤ 0.05) genotypic variation for vegetable fresh pod yield, dry biomass, fresh pod quality, pod N removal, biomass N return, and C:N in three testing environments under the single and multiple harvest schemes. Finally, the vegetable variety ‘Vroma’ produced high average fresh pod yield under the single (16,178 kg·ha−1) and multiple (38,928 kg·ha−1) harvest schemes while maintaining high biomass N return under the single (119 kg·ha−1 N) and multiple harvests (97 kg·ha−1 N) compared with the cover crop varieties (128 kg·ha−1 N). This experiment demonstrated that a single fresh pod harvest on an early and high yielding faba bean variety can generate economic returns while also providing cover crop benefits that are comparable to termination of a faba bean cover crop on the same date.
The Effect of Some Heavy Metals on the Growth of Garlic under In Vitro Conditions
Authors: Baktemur Gökhan
Published: December 2022

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important plant species because of its nutritional and medical value. One of the important advantages of plant tissue culture is in vitro selection. The tolerance of garlic to some heavy metals under in vitro conditions was studied. In vitro experiments were carried out in Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium supplemented with different doses of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) at 100 µm, 200 µm, 300 µm, 400 µm, and 500 µm. During experiments, plant length, number of leaves, leaf length, root number, and root length parameters were considered. In the findings, there was a decrease in both leaf and root development as doses of heavy metals increased. In addition, it has been found that the decrease in plant development at doses of 400 µm and 500 µm was higher compared with other doses. There was no root formation at high doses of Cd, Co, Ni, and Cu (400 µm and 500 µm). As a recommendation, further research should be conducted under in vivo conditions to evaluate the level of tolerance to heavy metals in garlic.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Perpustakaan Digital Untuk Anak-Anak Kampung Stamplat, Desa Indragiri, Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Loekito Jimmy Agustian , Wong Hendry , Setiawan Deni , Pranata Yosafat
Published: December 2022

Desa Indragiri terletak di Kecamatan Rancabali, Kabupaten Bandung, memiliki 4 dusun yang menyebar, salah satunya adalah Dusun Ciparay yang didalamnya terdapat Kampung Stamplat. Di kampung ini hidup 28 Kepala Keluarga yang pada umumnya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani sayuran, petani kopi, peternak, dan pegawai perkebunan teh. Peran teknologi informasi antara lain sistem informasi manajemen perpustakaan baik itu pada perpustakaan konvensional (pembuatan katalog buku elektronik) maupun perpustakaan digital yang mana berorientasi pada data digital dan jaringan komputer. Koleksi buku di perpustakaan juga dialih mediakan ke bentuk elektronik sebagai contoh koleksi jurnal, prosiding, dan textbook dalam bentuk e-book. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) dalam tulisan ini adalah tujuan kegiatan tahap pertama yaitu pembuatan aplikasi (software) perpustakaan digital untuk anak-anak Kampung Stamplat, Dusun Ciparay, Desa Indragiri, Kecamatan Rancabali, Kabupaten Bandung. Ruang lingkup kegiatan PkM tahap pertama berupa hasil produk aplikasi yang di-install pada komputer, pembuatan modul pelatihan  penggunaan aplikasi. Adapun tujuan kegiatan tahap kedua (lanjutan) adalah sosialisasi dan pelatihan penggunaan aplikasi bagi anak-anak Kampung Stamplat yang akan direalisasikan pada bulan September s.d. Oktober 2021 melalui 3 kegiatan pelatihan. Hasil kegiatan yang dapat disampaikan di tulisan ilmiah ini adalah produk aplikasi perpustakaan digital akan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh anak-anak Kampung Stamplat, Dusun Ciparay, Desa Indragiri, Kecamatan Rancabali, Kabupaten Bandung sebagai media belajar secara digital. Perpustakaan digital dapat diakses oleh semua anak di Kampung Stamplat sebagai media pendamping belajar khususnya mempelajari materi-materi terkait kurikulum baik Sekolah Dasar maupun Sekolah Menengah Pertama.Kata kunci: Software, Perpustakaan digital, Kampung Stamplat, Pembelajaran.
THE EFFECTS OF INSTRUMENT-ASSISTED SOFT TISSUE MOBILIZATION AND KINESIO TAPING ON PAIN, FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: ÇAKMAK Özge , ATICI Emine , GÜLŞEN Mustafa
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Low back pain is a common condition that can become chronic, which reduces the life quality of the patient by causing functional disability and depression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and kinesio taping (KT) along with conservative treatment in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP).

Methods: A total of 30 patients with chronic low back pain aged between 30-50 years included in the study were randomized to IASTM (n=15) and KT (n=15) groups. Both the groups underwent conservative treatment that comprised of a hot pack, ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and home exercises. In this study, assessments were made using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The measurements were carried out at the beginning and end of the treatment.

Results: As a result of the study, IASTM method improved in parameters such as pain (p
Into the air: a freestanding vertical greenery system (VGS) for evapotranspiration (ET) of roof runoff
Authors: Lausen Emilia Danuta , Jensen Marina Bergen , Randall Mark Taylor
Published: December 2022

In the search for space-efficient nature-based solutions (NBS) for stormwater management, we designed a vertical greenery system (VGS) for enhanced evapotranspiration (ET). After assessing a range of construction options, an 80 m long and 3.2 m high freestanding stormwater-VGS, referred to as the Green Climate Screen (GCS), was constructed in 2019 in Copenhagen. The GCS receives runoff from 240 m2 of roof top and has a high ratio of surface-to-ground area to allow for the clothesline effect to enhance ET. The conveyance of runoff to the top of the GCS is based on gravitational force. It is estimated that 24 h events with return periods up to the 0.1 y (13.9 mm) are managed by ET, from 0.1 to 15 y (48.5 mm) by infiltration beneath the screen, and from 15 to >100 y by overflow to an adjacent area allowing for aboveground storage (167 mm), in total 229 mm. With the fulfillment of most performance criteria and successful inclusion of selected co-benefits ET-based stormwater, NBS could become future standard elements. To reduce CO2 and resource footprint, steel, concrete, and mineral wool must be replaced with renewable materials. Adaptation to more spatial contexts is encouraged.
Probabilistic leak localization in water distribution networks using a hybrid data-driven and model-based approach
Authors: Mazaev Ganjour , Weyns Michael , Vancoillie Filip , Vaes Guido , Ongenae Femke , Van Hoecke Sofie
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a hybrid leak localization approach in WDNs is proposed, combining both model-based and data-driven modeling. Pressure heads of leak scenarios are simulated using a hydraulic model, and then used to train a machine-learning-based leak localization model. A key element of the methodology is that discrepancies between simulated and measured pressures are accounted for using a dynamically calculated bias correction, based on historical pressure measurements. Data of in-field leak experiments in operational water distribution networks were produced to evaluate our approach on realistic test data. The results show that the leak localization model is able to reduce the leak search region in parts of the network where leaks induce detectable drops in pressure. When this is not the case, the model still localizes the leak but is able to indicate a higher level of uncertainty with respect to its leak predictions.
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in β-Thalassemia Patients in Two Age Groups
Authors: Mahmoud Hany , Salama Eman H. , Abdel-baset Asmaa A. , Gaber Mahmoud , Fahmy Eman Mohamed , Tohamy Dalia , Anbar Mohamed , Mostafa Engy M.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

β- thalassemia major causes hypoxia, which affects the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), causing apoptosis. The frequent blood transfusion in transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) accumulates ferritin, causing more damage. Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), we aim to compare these changes in Youngs and adults.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional non-randomized comparative study, 50 TDT patients were included: 28 were under 18 years (group1) and 22 were above 18 years (group2). They were subjected to hematological examination and ophthalmological examination, including OCT and OCTA. Then, the data were collected and analyzed.

Results:

There was a statistical difference between the age in both groups (p=0.01). The two groups did not differ in sex distribution as well (p=0.085). All hematological parameters showed fewer values in (group 2) with a statistically significant difference in Serum ferritin, showing a marked increasing difference. There was a statistical difference between all Macular parameters and peripapillary quadrantal RNFL thickness of both groups (except for the C/D ratio), with higher values in (group 1). A moderate or strong positive correlation was found between all retinal parameters except for the C/D ratio and Hb level. A moderate or strong positive correlation was found between all retinal parameters except for the C/D ratio and serum ferritin. Moreover, there was a moderate to strong negative correlation between all retinal parameters except for the C/D ratio and frequency of blood transfusion.

Conclusion:

patients above 18 years (group2) are more affected by more RNFL thinning and vascular density changes.
Post-traumatic Mental and Physical Consequences of Frontline Reporting in the MENA Region
Authors: Chadli Lakhdar , Haq Farooq Muhammad , Okasha Ahmed , Attou Rafik
Published: December 2022

Background:

A current need in journalistic frontline work is to understand the potential psychological and physical traumatic consequences that may result from on-duty appointments. Journalists are active in frontline zones to report on conflicts, crises, and natural disasters. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, reporters are not equipped or trained mentally or emotionally to handle stressful events. Most journalists suffer from certain degrees of post-traumatic mental and physical disorders associated with their frontline duties.

Objective:

The objective of this exploratory study is to provide comprehensive insights into challenges faced by journalists reporting in conflict zones in the MENA region.

Methods:

This research study is based on a qualitative research approach where data was collected by directly interviewing eight journalists who have covered frontline conflicts and disasters in the MENA region. The collected qualitative data was analysed by conducting a thematic analysis to appreciate emerging categories. The ontology of critical realism was adopted to recognise the real feelings and experiences of the responding journalists.

Results:

This original study presents six themes emerging from the data and researcher triangulation. The health and social issues in MENA are found to be most critical for high-risk reporting.

Conclusion:

Amidst the psychological and physical problems, all journalists did not give up their jobs or ask for privileges. Media houses could consider a more robust training plan based on health and safety to prepare these journalists.
Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Coding RNAs in Modulating the Pathogenesis of SARS-Cov-2 Infection
Authors: Gholizadeh Omid , Akbarzadeh Sama , Yekanipour Zahra , Tabatabaie Raheleh , Sedighi Somayeh , Afkhami Hamed
Published: December 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide since December 2019. It is a significant threat to community healthcare in all countries worldwide, so policymakers and researchers are paying close attention to it. The most significant components of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are miRNAs and lncRNAs, which serve as regulatory elements. They are vital ingredients of the transcriptome, with a role in normal biological reactions and inflammatory processes, including viral infection. In the field of viral infection, microRNAs and non-coding RNAs with 19 to 25 nucleotides receive more attention as they target mRNAs to control gene expression. However, the role of many lncRNAs is yet to be discovered. In this review, we provide detailed information about the effects of host lncRNAs and viral lncRNAs, interactions between lncRNAs and their interactions with other ncRNAs, and small membrane vesicles called exosomes and microRNAs in COVID-19 infection. The profile of ncRNAs in host cells of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is altered. As a result, these changes may serve as valuable indicators for disease development and severity. Understanding these pathways will help researchers learn more about SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and seek more practical treatments to control cytokine storm and viral life cycle.
Niosome: A Vesicular Drug Delivery Tool
Authors: Patel Preeti , Parashar Ashish K. , Kaurav Monika , Yadav Krishna , Singh Dilpreet , Gupta G.D. , Kurmi Balak Das
Published: December 2022

Niosomes, which are well recognized for their non-ionic surfactant
characteristics, are considered to be innovative drug delivery methods since they
improve the solubility and stability of medicinal compounds when administered orally.
It has been shown that niosome vesicles are closed bilayer structures that may exist in
aqueous fluids and are produced by the self-assembly of different types of hydrated
non-ionic surfactants and amphiphile monomers in aqueous media. Because the
monomers maintain a wide range of kinetic activity inside the assembly, they are
referred to as liquid crystal structures in terms of thermodynamics. It is just the total of
different processes for the dispersion of monomers and solvents that results in the
formation of the final systems. Niosomes are made up mostly of lipid molecules and
nonionic surfactants, which are the two most important components in the process of
making them. Nonetheless, as the name suggests, component surfactants play a key
role in the creation of niosomes, owing to the fact that non-ionic surfactants were often
employed to organize niosomes during their formation. They are especially well-suited
for drug delivery because they have the ability to encapsulate medicines that are both
lipophilic and hydrophilic in nature. These materials are appealing for a number of
drug delivery goals, including drug targeting, controlled release, and permeability
enhancement, because of their chemical stability, cheap production costs, and
composed of biodegradable and non-immunogenic components. Niosomal vesicular
carriers can also help to minimize problems such as physical and chemical instability.
This book chapter contains a brief knowledge about structural components and
integrity concerning the advanced method of noisome preparation. The characterization
techniques essential for noisome have also been discussed in detail. The recent
examples for different applications are also included for therapy /diagnostic purposes
based on the route of administration and disease state.
Tribus de Asteraceae en México, morfología y clave de identificación
Authors: Redonda-Martínez Rosario
Published: December 2022

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La clasificación de Asteraceae ha cambiado considerablemente en las últimas dos décadas debido al uso de herramientas moleculares y microcaracteres que, al ser analizados en conjunto con datos morfológicos, han permitido no solo esclarecer las relaciones filogenéticas, sino también segregar y reconocer nuevas subfamilias y tribus. Los objetivos de este trabajo son presentar una clave de identificación para las tribus de Asteraceae nativas e introducidas en México e ilustrar sus principales caracteres diagnósticos.
Métodos: A partir de una revisión bibliográfica, de la observación de material fresco y herborizado, se recopilaron las características distintivas de las tribus de Asteraceae nativas e introducidas que se encuentran en México. Empleando un microscopio estereoscópico con cámara incluida se fotografiaron estructuras en las que se aprecian los principales caracteres de cada tribu.
Resultados clave: Las características esenciales que permiten reconocer las 26 tribus de Asteraceae con presencia en México están en las cabezuelas. El tipo de flores, la forma, orientación e indumento de las ramas del estilo, el ápice, la base y forma del collar de las anteras, la forma de las cipselas, presencia o ausencia de fitomelanina en las cipselas, así como la simetría, persistencia y tipo de elementos que integran el vilano, son los más importantes.
Conclusiones: Por primera vez se presentan las características de las cabezuelas para las 26 tribus de Asteraceae que se distribuyen en México, además de los órganos asociados a ellas como son involucro, filarios, receptáculo, páleas, flores periféricas, flores centrales, androceo, estilo, cipselas y vilano. Dichas estructuras están descritas de manera sencilla e ilustradas con fotografías de material in vivo, herborizado o conservado en espíritu, destacando los caracteres diagnósticos de cada tribu, la morfología más común, así como las excepciones que ocurren en algunos de sus miembros.
Editorial Sección especial sobre restauración ecológica de ecosistemas
Authors: Méndez-Toribio Moisés , Gómez-Ruíz Pilar A.
Published: December 2022

Los temas abordados en esta seccíón especial son de gran interés para un gran número de practicantes de la restauración, ecólogos y para tomadores de decisiones encargados de financiar e incentivar acciones de restauración ecológica. La generación de conocimiento innovador junto con su aplicación es indispensable para el avance y progreso de las intervenciones de restauración y de esta disciplina científica en México y Latinoamérica. La expectativa es que la discusión en torno a los temas abordados en esta sección especial (y otros relevantes) permita indagar sobre las áreas de investigación que se deben fomentar en el mediano y largo plazo en nuestro país.
Índice de sitio para plantaciones forestales de Pinus patula en el Estado de México
Authors: Hernández-Ramos Jonathan , Hernández-Ramos Adrián , Ordaz-Ruiz Gustavo , García-Espinoza Guadalupe Geraldine , García-Magaña J. Jesús , García-Cuevas Xavier
Published: December 2022

La falta de herramientas silvícolas cuantitativas para clasificar la productividad de áreas arboladas en la planificación, gestión y aprovechamiento de plantaciones forestales comerciales (PFC) es un problema recurrente. El objetivo fue modelar el índice de sitio (IS) en función de la edad (E) mediante la inclusión de covariables para las PFC de Pinus patula en las regiones forestales VI y VII del Estado de México. Se utilizaron datos de 65 sitios de muestreo (250 m2) distribuidos en 90.8 ha de once PFC de entre 4 y 20 años, para ajustar con el software R® mediante efectos fijos y mixtos el modelo de crecimiento de Cieszewski y Bella (1989). La evaluación estadística se realizó mediante el cumplimiento de supuestos de regresión y los valores del sesgo medio ( ), sesgo en porcentaje ( ) y la raíz del error medio cuadrático (REMC). Se generaron curvas de crecimiento en altura dominante (Ad), incremento corriente y medio anual (ICA e IMA). El modelo cumple con los supuestos de regresión. Las diferencias en Ad están determinadas por la exposición topográfica en donde los terrenos con orientación Este y Norte son los más productivos. El ,  y RCME fueron de -0.091 m, -0.358% y 2.4 m, respectivamente. Las curvas de crecimiento polimórficas a una edad base de 20 años describieron la Ad y se determinó el IS con clases de 19 m, 22 m y 25 m. El ICA máximo y turno técnico fueron a los seis y once años. Clasificar las PFC de acuerdo con su rendimiento y productividad maderable da pautas para su manejo silvícola.
Interpretable Deep-Learning Approaches for Osteoporosis Risk Screening and Individualized Feature Analysis Using Large Population-Based Data: Model Development and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Suh Bogyeong , Yu Heejin , Kim Hyeyeon , Lee Sanghwa , Kong Sunghye , Kim Jin-Woo , Choi Jongeun
Published: December 2022

Background

Osteoporosis is one of the diseases that requires early screening and detection for its management. Common clinical tools and machine-learning (ML) models for screening osteoporosis have been developed, but they show limitations such as low accuracy. Moreover, these methods are confined to limited risk factors and lack individualized explanation.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop an interpretable deep-learning (DL) model for osteoporosis risk screening with clinical features. Clinical interpretation with individual explanations of feature contributions is provided using an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technique.

Methods

We used two separate data sets: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data sets from the United States (NHANES) and South Korea (KNHANES) with 8274 and 8680 respondents, respectively. The study population was classified according to the T-score of bone mineral density at the femoral neck or total femur. A DL model for osteoporosis diagnosis was trained on the data sets and significant risk factors were investigated with local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME). The performance of the DL model was compared with that of ML models and conventional clinical tools. Additionally, contribution ranking of risk factors and individualized explanation of feature contribution were examined.

Results

Our DL model showed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.851 (95% CI 0.844-0.858) and 0.922 (95% CI 0.916-0.928) for the femoral neck and total femur bone mineral density, respectively, using the NHANES data set. The corresponding AUC values for the KNHANES data set were 0.827 (95% CI 0.821-0.833) and 0.912 (95% CI 0.898-0.927), respectively. Through the LIME method, significant features were induced, and each feature’s integrated contribution and interpretation for individual risk were determined.

Conclusions

The developed DL model significantly outperforms conventional ML models and clinical tools. Our XAI model produces high-ranked features along with the integrated contributions of each feature, which facilitates the interpretation of individual risk. In summary, our interpretable model for osteoporosis risk screening outperformed state-of-the-art methods.
Carbon/Alginate/Chitosan Composite as a Sorbent for Solid-Phase Extraction and Preconcentration of Cu(II)
Authors: Yaqin Ahmad Akhib Ainul , Suherman Suherman , Mudasir Mudasir , Siswanta Dwi
Published: December 2022

Carbon/Alginate/Chitosan Composite (CAC) as a sorbent for solid-phase extraction of Cu(II) (pre-concentration) with atomic absorption spectrometry for analysis was successfully prepared. The sorbent was made with a mass ratio of chitosan:alginate:carbon = 1:1:1. CAC sorbents were characterized using FTIR for functional group analysis while SEM-EDX characterization was performed to determine surface morphology and percentage of elements. SPE parameters were optimized for adsorption-desorption efficiency under various conditions, i.e. of pH 5, Cu(II) concentration of 4 mg/L, the flow rate of Cu(II), and Na2EDTA eluent at 5 mL/min, the volume of Cu(II) sample and Na2EDTA eluent 25 mL and 1.0 M of Na2EDTA eluent concentration. Applying CAC-based SPE for Cu(II) analysis in water samples at optimum conditions gave 80.9–83.6% recovery. In bottled drinking water samples, a pre-concentration factor of 2.5–5 times was obtained, and the Cu(II) concentration of 0.017–0.020 mg/L was detected.
Adsorption of Pb(II) on Calix[4]arene Derivatives: Kinetics and Isotherm Studies
Authors: Busroni Busroni , Siswanta Dwi , Jumina Jumina , Santosa Sri Juari , Anwar Chairil
Published: December 2022

This study aims to investigate the application of two calix[4]arene derivatives named 5,11,17,23-tetra-(t-butyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene (TBCA) and 5,11,17,23-tetra-(t-butyl)-26,27,28-tribenzoyloxycalix[4]arene (TBMTCA) as adsorbents of Pb(II) from aqueous solution in a batch system. Adsorption was carried out by varying pH solution, exposure time, and concentration. The kinetics was evaluated based on the adsorption in various exposure times using the Lagergren and Ho equations, while the isotherms were analyzed based on the adsorption in various Pb(II) concentrations using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Furthermore, the isotherm model showed the Pb(II) adsorption of TBCA and TBMTCA followed Langmuir model with a capacity of 137.29 and 128.46 mg/g, respectively. Based on the adsorption capacity, both adsorbents are the potential for the removal of heavy metal cations from polluted water.
Review on Anticancer Activity of Essential Metal Dithiocarbamate Complexes
Authors: Irfandi Rizal , Raya Indah , Ahmad Ahyar , Fudholi Ahmad , Natsir Hasnah , Kartina Desy , Karim Harningsih , Santi Santi , Salnus Subakir
Published: December 2022

The importance of essential metal ions and their metal complexes in the creation of prospective medical therapies has long been recognized. In chemistry, molecular biology, and medicinal fields; the interaction of metal complexes with DNA has been a subject of study. The dithiocarbamate essential metal complex is described extensively in the literature for its various benefits and advantages. With proper use of ligands, it is proven to increase the cytotoxic activity of metal complexes against cancer cells. Some researches have shown significant progress regarding the biological activities of the dithiocarbamate essential metal complex as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer agents. Metal complexes form complexes with dithiocarbamate ligands with unique structural variations. In this study, we presented an overview of the cytotoxic effects of some dithiocarbamate essential metal complexes on cancer cells, as well as fresh approaches to the design of essential metal-based therapeutics containing dithiocarbamate and molecular targets in cancer therapy. This review may provide an update on recent developments in the medicinal use of essential metals with dithiocarbamate ligands, carried out to identify recent relevant literature. Finally, we predict that the essential metal complexed with dithiocarbamate can be a new breakthrough in the future development of cancer drugs.
Synthesis of N-phenethyl-p-methoxycinnamamide and N-morpholinyl-p-methoxycinnamamide, In Vitro and In Silico Study as α-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Authors: Rasyid Herlina , Firdaus Firdaus , Firdausiah Syadza , Soekamto Nunuk Hariani , Seniwati Seniwati , Mardiyanti Riska , Reynaldi Reynaldi , Rahayu Andi Eka Sri , Saputri Wahyu Dita
Published: December 2022

Aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.) is one of the natural sources containing ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate, which is known to have beneficial activity, especially as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. This study aims to convert ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate into amide form as N-phenethyl-p-methoxycinnamamide (4a) and N-morpholinyl-p-methoxycinnamamide (4b) through some synthetic ways then tested their activity as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. The FTIR spectra of 4a present a short single peak at 3269.34 cm−1 that belongs to the N-H group, while spectra of 4b show no absorption band between 3200–3400 cm−1 due to its tertiary amide structure. Spectroscopy analysis through 1H- and 13C-NMR exhibits the successful synthesis of both compounds. Bioactivity test results show that compound 4b has better activity than 4a. In molecular dynamics simulation, the binding energy of compounds 4a and 4b reveal that both compounds have a similar binding energy of about -98980.8 and -97696.7 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Olas y remolinos feministas
Authors:   CIEG-UNAM, Chaparro Martínez Amneris , Salazar Pantoja Amy Andrea
Published: December 2022

La metáfora, como expresión viva del lenguaje, no solo disfraza significados, sino que también hace cosas. Este ensayo presenta una breve revisión de las metáforas oceánicas que han descrito al feminismo desde finales del siglo XIX. Con los años, las olas feministas se establecieron como una narrativa maestra que, si bien es útil en términos didácticos, presenta una serie de problemas: la falta de consenso en la academia feminista sobre el número existente de olas, la aparente necesidad de ubicar en estas todos los sucesos considerados relevantes en la historia del feminismo –que en su mayoría tuvieron lugar en países del Norte Global–, y otros más. Estos problemas nos hacen cuestionar quién tiene la autoridad epistemológica para decidir qué sucesos son relevantes para pertenecer a la narrativa o para inaugurar una nueva ola, y cuáles son los acontecimientos que quedan fuera de la historia. Como feministas en América Latina, particularmente en México, las autoras señalan la invisibilización de los feminismos de nuestra región dentro de las olas y proponen mirar hacia otro fenómeno marino, los remolinos, para narrarnos dentro de este amplio océano feminista en el que navegamos.
Violencia obstétrica
Authors:   CIEG-UNAM, Uribe Alcántara Ixchel
Published: December 2022

La violencia obstétrica es una problemática que por muchos años permaneció oculta. Insertar este acto dentro de nuestro contexto patriarcal ⎯atravesado por la raza y la clase⎯ en el que los saberes y prácticas tradicionales son desvalorados es crucial para cuestionar su normalización y luchar por su erradicación. En este texto la autora parte desde un enfoque legal para abordar el concepto de «violencia obstétrica» y presenta estadísticas y aportaciones de organismos como la cndh y organizaciones como gire sobre esta práctica. En contraste, remite a elementos de la partería tradicional y el parto humanizado ⎯cuyo acceso muchas veces es obstaculizado por las prácticas institucinales⎯ y propone que estos pueden contribuir a detener la violencia obstétrica, en especial la que se ejerce sobre mujeres indígenas mexicanas.
Yuderkys Espinosa. Una lectura cruzada
Authors:   CIEG-UNAM, López González de Orduña Helena , Lima Nin Alice
Published: December 2022

En este texto, las autoras proponen una reacción colaborativa al artículo «Hacer geneaología de la experiencia: el método hacia una crítica a la colonialidad de la razón feminista desde la experiencia histórica en América Latina» de Yuderkys Espinosa, publicado en 2019 en la revista Direito e praxis que edita trimestralmente la Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro. Sin renunciar a la reflexión sobre varios aspectos importantes de las teorías y acciones feministas desde Latinoamérica, han armado esta propuesta a partir de una poética experimental situada que pone en crisis la división tajante entre personal y colectivo, privado y público, sin resolverla. Esto conduce a los siguientes cuestionamientos: ¿cómo se activa un feminismo descolonial? ¿Qué hacemos con las teorías y las prácticas feministas? ¿Qué experiencias han suprimido, de acuerdo con qué intereses y estrategias, los feminismos blancos? ¿Qué emociones activan las luchas feministas desde Latinoamérica? ¿En qué sentido nuestra escritura es situada y desapropiada? El deseo de cambiarlo todo, como dice Verónica Gago, ¿es solo una aspiración feminista ? Y, en todo caso, ¿queremos seguir llamándonos feministas?
High levels of dietary digestible protein transiently promote beneficial bacteria in adult dog feces
Authors: Cosío-Carpintero Karina Elizabeth , Gutiérrez Olvera Carlos , Márquez-Mota Claudia Cecilia , Ortega-Cerrilla María Esther , Sánchez González María Guadalupe , Gutiérrez Lilia
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, many commercial dog diets select the ingredients not only to meet the needs of the individual and maintain a balance between nutrition/microbiome/health; fiber and protein quality is known to be one of the most important factors in this balance. Diets high in low digestible protein tend to favor microorganisms that when fermenting amino acids generate substances that induce inflammation, while high digestible protein and fermentable fibers have been related to beneficial bacteria. The study's objective was to identify changes in the relative abundance of specific microorganisms (Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium varium) by PCR (polymerase chain reaction), associated with two diets of different quality and digestibility. Twenty adult dogs were used, divided into two groups, the first one fed with a high digestibility diet (HD) (n = 10), the second one with a low digestibility diet (LD) (n = 10). After 3 days of adaptation to the diet, fecal samples were taken at days 15 and 30. The results showed that the high-quality diet promotes a transient increase (15 days) in the relative abundance of F. varium and E. faecium, as well as a persistent increase in that of L. salivarius and B. fragilis until day 30. Apparently, however, healthy adult dogs eventually balance their fecal microbiota, regardless of the dietary protein level and digestibility. Therefore, it is difficult to identify clear patterns of the ideal dietary profile in this species.
WhatsApp Chat Sentiment Analyzer
Authors: Jadhav Aditya , Patil Suraj , Shaikh Mujtaba , Pal Prajwal , Sawant Prof. Aparna , Kunekar Prof. Pankaj
Published: December 2022

Abstract: While being a widely used method of communication in today’s times, WhatsApp is also headed towards being the platform where billions of people share their personal thoughts, emotions and sentiments, most of which is found in the group chats of this application. WhatsApp chat analyzer is a web application which was developed to provide analysis of WhatsApp group chats. Python libraries like matplotlib, re, seaborn, streamlit, pandas and some conceptual knowledge of NLTK are in use here. This is the combination of NLP, NLTK and machine learning. This system makes use of a WhatsApp chat file that is exported from the group chat or an individual user and then analyzes it to give us the analysis.
Sequential optical response suppression for chemical mixture characterization
Authors: Magann Alicia B. , McCaul Gerard , Rabitz Herschel A. , Bondar Denys I.
Published: December 2022

The characterization of mixtures of non-interacting, spectroscopically similar quantum components has important applications in chemistry, biology, and materials science. We introduce an approach based on quantum tracking control that allows for determining the relative concentrations of constituents in a quantum mixture, using a single pulse which enhances the distinguishability of components of the mixture and has a length that scales linearly with the number of mixture constituents. To illustrate the method, we consider two very distinct model systems: mixtures of diatomic molecules in the gas phase, as well as solid-state materials composed of a mixture of components. A set of numerical analyses are presented, showing strong performance in both settings.