bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turkey and the West
Authors: Hanioğlu M. Şükrü
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses how Mustafa Kemal Atatürk held strongly to the old Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) belief that maintaining the state's European character was crucial for its survival. For Mustafa Kemal, Turkey's essential Europeanness remained unchanged; it simply had to be expressed in cultural rather than geographical terms. This attitude resembles the modern Israeli sense of belonging to the West despite residing in the East. Not unlike the Ashkenazi Jews of Israel, who championed the idea of belonging to Western civilization, Mustafa Kemal—a native of European Turkey—was determined to shape the Turkish state and society in the cultural mold of Europe. His attempts in this regard constitute one of the greatest projects of intellectual and social transformation of the early twentieth century. His initiatives in Westernization surpassed even the most avant-garde projects of the radical Ottoman Westernizers of the Second Constitutional Period.
How to Explain Number Theory at a Dinner Party
Authors: Harris Michael
Published: May 2018

This chapter continues the discussion began in Chapter α‎. It presents the second part of author's response to the question, “What is it you do in number theory, anyway?” Working his way up to the guiding problem of the Birch–Swinnerton–Dyer conjecture, here he deals with equations of degree 3 (or 4) in one variable or degree 2 in two variables. He says that if we are willing to allow square roots into our arithmetic, we can consider the quadratic equation a problem whose solution has been long understood (in some cases by the ancient Babylonians). Equations of degree 3 and 4, such as x3 − 2x2 + 14x + 9 and x4 + 5x3 + 11x2 + 17x − 29, were first solved in Renaissance Italy to great acclaim; the solutions are given by formulas involving cube roots and fourth roots.
Europe Digs Deeper
Authors: Sandbu Martin
Published: May 2018

This chapter explains how the intellectual principles behind the eurozone's approach to Greece and Ireland were generalised to guide policy in 2010–11 towards larger countries and to the currency union as a whole. Rather than admitting mistakes, leaders came to deem the medicine prescribed for Athens, Dublin and Lisbon suitable for the rest of the eurozone too. So long as they held on to their original diagnosis, they could not recognise that the precedents set in the smaller countries were perpetuating the crisis. The result was a disaster: a self-inflicted second recession, a poisoned politics, and a gratuitous existential threat to the euro itself. By letting the same errors govern policy towards the eurozone's bigger members, its leaders turned what had been a grave crisis into an existential one. The costs of these mistakes are still being paid in ongoing economic suffering, political ill will, and uncertainty.
The Politics That the Euro Needs
Authors: Sandbu Martin
Published: May 2018

This chapter reflects on the political imperative of establishing a coalition among eurozone countries and institutions that can achieve the economic goals listed in the previous chapter and articulates an alternative to the transfers-for-centralised-control paradigm that is driving voters to political extremes. There is one alternative which it has been claimed does not exist: greater national autonomy to pursue countercyclical fiscal policies combined with a framework for orderly sovereign debt restructuring; a eurozone fiscal framework that prioritises the collective fiscal stance; and mutualised debt issuance by a coalition of the willing. Such an alternative, if it had been pursued early in the crisis, would have addressed the balance-of-payments vulnerability of weaker euro members, reduced the cost of stagnation by requiring less austerity, and avoided the strain that the ‘no alternative’ rhetoric has inflicted on Europe's democracies.
Why Stock Markets Crash
Authors: Sornette Didier , Sornette Didier
Published: May 2018

The scientific study of complex systems has transformed a wide range of disciplines in recent years, enabling researchers in both the natural and social sciences to model and predict phenomena as diverse as earthquakes, global warming, demographic patterns, financial crises, and the failure of materials. This book applies the author's experience in these areas to propose a simple, powerful, and general theory of how, why, and when stock markets crash. Most attempts to explain market failures seek to pinpoint triggering mechanisms that occur hours, days, or weeks before the collapse. This book proposes a radically different view: the underlying cause can be sought months and even years before the abrupt, catastrophic event in the build-up of cooperative speculation, which often translates into an accelerating rise of stock market prices, otherwise known as a “bubbles.” The book unearths remarkable insights and some predictions—among them, that the “end of the growth era” will occur around 2050. The book probes major historical precedents, from the decades-long “tulip mania” in the Netherlands that wilted suddenly in 1637 to the South Sea Bubble that ended with the first huge market crash in England in 1720, to the Great Crash of October 1929 and Black Monday in 1987, to cite just a few. It concludes that most explanations other than cooperative self-organization fail to account for the subtle bubbles by which the markets lay the groundwork for catastrophe.
Modeling Financial Bubbles and Market Crashes
Authors: Sornette Didier
Published: May 2018

This chapter considers two versions of a rational model of speculative bubbles and stock market crashes. According to the first version, stock market prices are driven by the crash hazard that may increase sometimes due to the collective behavior of “noise traders.” The second version assumes the opposite: the crash hazard is driven by prices that may soar sometimes, again due to investors' speculative or imitative behavior. The chapter first provides an overview of what a model is before discussing the basic principles of model construction in finance. It then describes the basic ingredients of the two models of speculative bubbles and market crashes, along with the main properties of the risk-driven model. It also examines how imitation and herding drive the crash hazard rate and concludes with an analysis of the price-driven model, how imitation and herding drive the market price, and how the price return drives the crash hazard rate.
Hierarchies, Complex Fractal Dimensions, and Log-Periodicity
Authors: Sornette Didier
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes the concept of fractals and their self-similarity, including fractals with complex dimensions. It shows how these geometric and mathematical objects enable one to codify the information contained in the precursory patterns before large stock market crashes. The chapter first considers how models of cooperative behaviors resulting from imitation between agents organized within a hierarchical structure exhibit the announced critical phenomena decorated with “log-periodicity.” It then examines the underlying hierarchical structure of social networks, critical behavior in hierarchical networks, a hierarchical model of financial bubbles, and discrete scale invariance. It also discusses a technique, called the “renormalization group,” and a simple model exhibiting a finite-time singularity due to a positive feedback induced by trend following investment strategies. Finally, it looks at scenarios leading to discrete scale invariance and log-periodicity.
Autopsy of Major Crashes: Universal Exponents and Log-Periodicity
Authors: Sornette Didier
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the universal nature of the critical log-periodic precursory signature of stock market crashes. It considers the crash of October 1987 and of October 1929; the Hong Kong crashes of 1987, 1994, and 1997; the crash of October 1997 and its resonance on the U.S. market; currency crashes; and the crash of August 1998. It also discusses a nonparametric test of log-periodicity, the slow crash of 1962 ending the so-called “tronics boom,” and the Nasdaq crash of April 2000. Finally, it looks at “antibubbles,” taking into account the “bearish” regime on the Nikkei starting from January 1, 1990, the price of gold after the burst of the bubble in 1980. The chapter shows that large stock market crashes are analogous to critical points studied in the statistical physics community in relation to magnetism, melting, and similar phenomena.
Exploring the Sphere
Authors: Van Brummelen Glen
Published: May 2018

This chapter introduces the reader to the celestial sphere, or the Earth's surface. By rotating the sphere, the motions of the heavens can be simulated. There are three features of celestial motion that came to be associated with Aristotle: all objects move in circles; they travel at constant speeds on those circles; the Earth is at the center of the celestial sphere. The chapter shows how the movements of stars and planets on the sphere's surface can be determined by setting up a system of equatorial coordinates. It also explains how the celestial sphere can be set in motion through the day, and how Hipparchus of Rhodes endeavored to determine the eccentricity of the Sun's orbit. Finally, it discusses spherical geometry, with emphasis on finding bounds on the sides and angles of a spherical triangle.
The Ancient Approach
Authors: Van Brummelen Glen
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the ancient approach to trigonometry, beginning with Hipparchus of Rhodes, the founder of trigonometry. It reconstructs when and where Hipparchus must have lived by taking into account the observations that he made as an astronomer and the references his successors made to him. It then considers the theorems of Menelaus of Alexandria, whose book Sphaerica completely reinvented the mathematical study of the sphere. In particular, it describes Menelaus's Theorem, which became the standard tool of spherical astronomy for the next 900 years. It also examines Abū Sahl al-Kūhī's use of the Menelaus theorems to solve the problem of rising times of arcs of the ecliptic.
Navigating by the Stars
Authors: Van Brummelen Glen
Published: May 2018

This chapter explains how the star is used to find one's position on the Earth while in a ship at sea. Trigonometry was first used for navigation by fourteenth-century Venetian merchant ships. Several navigational techniques can be identified from navigators' personal notebooks, including the table of marteloio. Essentially an application of plane trigonometry, marteloio was part of a group of methods known today as “dead” reckoning. Between 1730 and 1759, a clockmaker by the name of John Harrison constructed a series of four chronometers that could keep remarkably accurate time, even on a ship tossed by waves. The chapter considers the use of the method of Saint Hilaire (also called intercept, cosine-haversine, or Davis's method) to determine three quantities of a star in an astronomical triangle: latitude, declination, and local hour angle. It also discusses the use of the Law of Cosines to solve the star's altitude.
George Boole and Claude Shannon
Authors: Nahin Paul J.
Published: May 2018

This chapter presents brief biographical sketches of George Boole and Claude Shannon. George was born in Lincoln, a town in the north of England, on November 2, 1815. His father John, while simple tradesman (a cobbler), taught George geometry and trigonometry, subjects John had found of great aid in his optical studies. Boole was essentially self-taught, with a formal education that stopped at what today would be a junior in high school. Eventually he became a master mathematician (who succeeded in merging algebra with logic), one held in the highest esteem by talented, highly educated men who had graduated from Cambridge and Oxford. Claude was born on April 30, 1916, in Petoskey, Michigan. He enrolled at the University of Michigan, from which he graduated in 1936 with double bachelor's degrees in mathematics and electrical engineering. It was in a class there that he was introduced to Boole's algebra of logic.
Turing Machines
Authors: Nahin Paul J.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses Turing machines. A Turing machine is the combination of a sequential, finite-state machine plus an external read/write memory storage medium called the tape (think of a ribbon of magnetic tape). The tape is a linear sequence of squares, with each square holding one of several possible symbols. The Turing machine's power to compute comes from its tape, for two reasons. First, Turing was the first to conceive of the idea of a stored program that could be changed by the operation of the machine itself. The program, and its input data, exist together on the tape as sequences of symbols. Second, because of the arbitrarily long length of the tape, a Turing machine has the ability to “remember” what has happened in the arbitrarily distant past.
Human Nature & Jewish Thought
Authors: Mittleman Alan L.
Published: May 2018

This book explores one of the great questions of our time: How can we preserve our sense of what it means to be a person while at the same time accepting what science tells us to be true—namely, that human nature is continuous with the rest of nature? What, in other words, does it mean to be a person in a world of things? This book shows how the Jewish tradition provides rich ways of understanding human nature and personhood that preserve human dignity and distinction in a world of neuroscience, evolutionary biology, biotechnology, and pervasive scientism. These ancient resources can speak to Jewish, non-Jewish, and secular readers alike. Science may tell us what we are, the book says, but it cannot tell us who we are, how we should live, or why we matter. Traditional Jewish thought, in open-minded dialogue with contemporary scientific perspectives, can help us answer these questions. The book shows how, using sources ranging across the Jewish tradition, from the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud to more than a millennium of Jewish philosophy. Among the many subjects the book addresses are sexuality, birth and death, violence and evil, moral agency, and politics and economics. Throughout, the book demonstrates how Jewish tradition brings new perspectives to—and challenges many current assumptions about—these central aspects of human nature. A study of human nature in Jewish thought and an original contribution to Jewish philosophy, this is a book for anyone interested in what it means to be human in a scientific age.
Are Persons Free to Choose?
Authors: Mittleman Alan L.
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores a key dimension of the portrayal developed in Chapter 2—namely, moral agency. Against the hard determinism of modern scientism, classic Jewish sources affirm in a nuanced way the concept of free will. Since these sources have also sometimes endorsed a “soft-determinist” view (sometimes known as compatibilism), there is some common ground to be found on this complicated issue. How can we continue to embrace a belief in free will, with all that such a belief entails, and still give credence to the new sciences of the brain that qualify or even negate free will at the same time? Although ultimately Jewish sources must affirm personhood, agency, and moral responsibility, there is more than one simplistic way to do so.
Persons Together
Authors: Mittleman Alan L.
Published: May 2018

This chapter moves into the political and economic aspects of human nature. Given scarcity and interdependence, what sense has Judaism made of the material well-being necessary for human flourishing? What are Jewish attitudes toward prosperity, market relations, labor, and leisure? What has Judaism had to say about the political dimensions of human nature? If all humans are made in the image of God, what does that original equality imply for political order, authority, and justice? In what kinds of systems can human beings best flourish? It argues that Jewish tradition shows that we act in conformity with our nature when we elevate, improve, and sanctify it. As co-creators of the world with God, we are not just the sport of our biochemistry. We are persons who can select and choose among the traits that comprise our very own natures, cultivating some and weeding out others.
Pyrrho’s Thought
Authors: Beckwith Christopher I.
Published: May 2018

A brief passage that derives ultimately from the lost dialogue Pythō “Python” by Timon of Phlius is considered the single most important testimony for the thought of his teacher, Pyrrho. Because it is preserved in a chapter of a history of philosophy by Aristocles of Messene, it is generally known as “the Aristocles passage.” The subject of Pyrrho's entire declaration is pragmata, which is translated as “ethical things, matters (etc.).” For Pyrrho, pragmata are always and only ethical “topics, questions, matters, affairs” which people dispute or try to interpret with antilogies—opposed choices such as Good: Bad, or True: False. This chapter examines Pyrrh's declaration section by section.
No Differentiations
Authors: Beckwith Christopher I.
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses the earliest attested forms of Buddhism. The earliest attested philosophical-religious system, which is both historically datable and clearly recognizable as a form of Buddhism is Early Pyrrhonism. Its central features correspond exactly to some of the central features of the traditional putatively “early” form of Buddhism presented in Pali canonical texts. However, the latter tradition of Buddhism also contains many elements which developed at the earliest in the Saka-Kushan period, three centuries after Pyrrho. They spread throughout the ancestors of the attested forms of Buddhism, creating Normative Buddhism. “Genuinely Early” Buddhism (or Pre-Normative Buddhism) is also attested in the travel account of the Greek ambassador Megasthenes, a Seleucid envoy sent from Alexandria in Arachosia to the court of Candragupta Maurya to negotiate a treaty that was agreed on in 305–304 BC, twenty years after Pyrrho's departure from India.
Pyrrho’s Teacher
Authors: Beckwith Christopher I.
Published: May 2018

This chapter first summarizes what the attested and explicit Early Buddhism looks like, based on the analysis and presentation of data in the rest of the book. It suggests that the Buddha started out teaching not only what he himself came to understand through his practice, but also how to come to the same understanding by doing what he had done. In fact, the key elements of the story telling how Gautama became the Buddha do correspond closely to reconstructable Early Buddhist practices actually attested both in the Greek sources and in the five tapas (ascetic practices) of the Early Buddhist practitioners. The remainder of the chapter discusses Early Normative Buddhism and the Buddha's reaction to Zoroastrianism.
Sandpiles
Authors: Charbonneau Paul
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes a simple computational idealization of a sandpile. When sand trickles slowly through your fingers, a small conical pile of sand forms below your hand. Sand avalanches of various sizes intermittently slide down the slope of the pile, which is growing both in width and in height but maintains the same slope angle. The pile of sand is a classic example of self-organized criticality. The chapter first provides an overview of the sandpile model before discussing its numerical implementation and a representative simulation involving a small 100-node lattice. It then examines the invariant power-law behavior of avalanches and the self-organized criticality of a sandpile. The chapter includes exercises and further computational explorations, along with a suggested list of materials for further reading.
Flocking
Authors: Charbonneau Paul
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the complex nature of flocking. Many living creatures have evolved flocking as a behavioral strategy, including herds, birds, and insects. Models of flocking have been used to understand and control the movement of dense human crowds in socially extreme situations. The chapter begins with a discussion of the flocking model, defined in two spatial dimensions on the periodic unit square in which N agents are moving, under the influence of four forces: repulsion, flocking, self-propulsion, and random forces. It then describes the numerical implementation of the model using the Python code, along with the range of global behaviors generated by the the model. It also considers the spontaneous segregation of active and passive flockers before concluding with an analysis of the perturbing effects of panicked individuals on collective, ordered motion, focusing on two types of agents: strongly flocking “calm” agents and small random force.
Chopin’s Oneiric Soundscapes and the Role of Dreams in Romantic Culture
Authors: Goldberg Halina
Published: May 2018

This chapter talks about how the notion of dreaming in music immediately brings to mind Chopin's nocturnes. Indeed, this genre's explicit association with the night invokes the oneiric realm, the domain of dreams. Modern-day scholars' responses to the perceived dreamscapes in Chopin's compositions follow on the heels of a long tradition of hearing his music as a dream, a tradition that originated with his friends and contemporaries. While other modern scholars, highlight the compositional and stylistic language of Chopin's dream world and seek to interpret the experience of hearing it, this chapter seeks to explore the cultural milieu that shaped the composer's penchant for oneiric soundscapes and his contemporaries' responses to it.
Middlebrow Becomes Transcendent: The Popular Roots of Chopin’s Musical Language
Authors: Bellman Jonathan D.
Published: May 2018

This chapter explains why Chopin's music has always been so readily appreciated by listeners—far more even than that of still-popular contemporaries such as Robert Schumann and Franz Liszt. The answer hinges on musical language: the gestures heard moment to moment on the musical surface rather than longer-term structural relationships. Chopin's music is disarmingly accessible, and his influences—the music he most enjoyed—explain how his style evolved this way. These repertories include far more than a familiar selection of revered masterworks, as scholars tend to conceive historical music today, or familiar pedagogical curricula, and it takes nothing from his music to ask which part of it was acquired outside the classroom.
Dance and the Music of Chopin: The Polonaise
Authors: Mckee Eric
Published: May 2018

This chapter discusses how the polonaise served as an emblem of Poland's ruling class or as a template for genteel behavior. It also represented the nation of Poland, its people, customs, and history. Well aware of their shared noble associations, Polish dance commentators often began their discussion of the polonaise by comparing it to the minuet. Their endgame was to show how native Polish elements made the polonaise far superior, in their view, to the more theatrical and artificial minuet. The chapter also explores several of the polonaise's expressive and cultural associations in currency during the last quarter of the eighteenth century and beyond: national identity, otherness, and the Polish nobleman.
Chopin and the Consequences of Exile
Authors: Botstein Leon
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines how Chopin was seen both as an exile who was quite at home in Paris as well as the authentic voice of a nation. Since Chopin was cut off from his homeland, he supplanted the “tangible” with a wary construct, an aesthetic invention in music that in implicit and explicit ways offered an account of the character, sensibilities, and aspirations of Polishness, which then took hold inside and outside his native Poland. Chopin's capacity to express solitude and loneliness, and to exemplify the Romantic notion of the subjective in art, deepened because of the personal toll exile exacted from him. Chopin, despite his extensive socializing in Paris and his legendary charm and wit, believed himself destined to live and die alone.
Dining Women: Posture, Sex, and Status
Authors: Roller Matthew B.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the historical and ideological aspects of women's dining. The scholarship reveals that, during early periods, women sat to dine while men reclined; whereas “now,” women too recline to dine, just as men do—their posture must therefore have changed at some point. On the other hand, by linking the alleged shift in women's posture to overall moral decline, these studies reveal that the distinction between the two postures has ideological implications. That is, dining posture is a locus where practice, gender, and ethics intersect. The chapter suggests that the seated posture functioned pragmatically, placing women under male scrutiny and control. Moreover, whatever the vagaries of actual social practice, the seated posture for women remained at all times the “strict protocol,” even in the Imperial period.
Histopathological and morphological alterations in salivary gland of House fly induced by oral administration Thiamethoxam.
Authors: Xider Karim Mohammed
Published: May 2018

The current work the effect of Actara insecticide belongs to chemical family Neonicotinoid. The active component of thiamethoxam in three concentrations: 0.750 ppm, 1.5 ppm and 2.25ppm   on adult house fly salivary glands. Histopathological and morphological effects revealed important alterations produced by this insecticide in histological and morphology of the adult house fly gland tissue categorized by increasing gland duct lumen diameter. These alterations are possibly related with excretion function of salivary gland might be accountable for removing this insecticide. Results show thiamethoxam is a powerful insecticide that performances histologically in salivary glant tissue, triggering alterations in the glands  form, cytoplasm  with extreme vacuolation ,disruption cell membrane, obvious disorganization tissues cells, terminating in progressive deteriorating phase with changes in nucleus glandular cell's, such alterations occurred together in its size and form of gland, disintegration of nucleus, and presence of apoptosis(fragmentation) nucleus, accelerating the process of glandular degeneration ,and interfering with feeding process of house fly particularly when the peak concentration of  insecticide  was used.
INLUENCE OF RELIGIOSITY TOWARDS THE SAVING INTEREST AT ISLAMIC BANKING WITH THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE PEOPLE AS MODERATOR VARIABLE (Case Study on The People of South Tanggerang City)
Authors: Astuty Pudji , Umiyati Umiyati
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of religiosity on the saving interest at Islamic Banking with the knowledge of the people as the moderator variable. This study was held at Tanggerang Selatan. The methods that is used to gather samples for this study is non-probability sampling and with the technique convenience sampling. The respondents in this study are the people of South Tanggerang City who saves their money at Islamic Banking, there are 100 respondents in total. The data gathered through questionnaire as the methods of survey. The data that are gathered then processed using multiple linear regression with interaction test (moderated regression analysis). The result of this study shows that there is significant influence between religiosity and the saving interest at Islamic Banking. the knowledge of the people and the saving interest at Islamic Banking also shows significant influence. The interaction between religiosity and knowledge as the moderator variable giving significant influence on the saving interest at Islamic Banking at the rate of significance bellow 0.05 or 5%.
Regulation of housing quality in Ireland: What can be learned from food safety?
Authors: Fhloinn Deirdre Ní
Published: May 2018

This paper contrasts, and critically evaluates, the Irish regulatory regimes for building control and food safety. It concludes that the systems are similar in design, but vary greatly in implementation, drawing on analysis of enforcement statistics published by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland and obtained from building control authorities. It is argued that regulatory systems require enforcement and oversight in order to verify consistency of decisionmaking, compliance with their own rules and standards, and overall effectiveness, and that this lack of emphasis on enforcement and oversight is a significant failing in the Irish building control system.
Stimulated Growth of Green Algae Haematococcus Pluvialis Under Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Minasyan Arevik
Published: May 2018

Haematococcus pluvialis is a genus of green algae that keeps the high interest of the scientists for decades due to its capacity to synthesize astaxanthin. Among many others, astaxanthin is one of the most demanded natural anti-oxidant and the product of the future. It has the widest usage as source of nutrient rich food and health promoting compounds. Astaxanthin has got various applications in the nutraceuticals as immune system enhancer and anti-cancer agent, in the cosmetics as anti-aging component, as additive to food, as well as in the aquaculture industries. As a key requirement for the research in this field is to find out the better conditions and media to stimulate the H.pluvialis higher growth rate to reach in the field of microalgae economically sustainable cultivation and processing. The effect of WC versus BG-11 media to enhance growth rate of Haematococcus pluvialis has been examined. This study employed a parallel testing of stimulating effect of extra vitamins versus phosphorus. Combination of mentioned parameters with gentle shacking have been determined as multiple effectors that contribute to green algae cultures to grow to high density. Importantly, this study demonstrates that extra phosphorus contribute to growth rate of H.pluvilais positively, meanwhile addition of extra vitamins in combination with extra phosphorus impact both positively and negatively to promote cells division. Shacking influences the culture growth as either stimulator or repressor.
On Almost Complete Caps in PG(N, q)
Authors: Davydov Alexander A. , Marcugini Stefano , Pambianco Fernanda
Published: May 2018

We propose the concepts of almost complete subset of an elliptic quadric in the projective space PG(3, q) and of almost complete cap in the space PG(N, q), N ≥ 3, as generalizations of the concepts of almost complete subset of a conic and of almost complete arc in PG(2, q). Upper bounds of the smallest size of the introduced geometrical objects are obtained by probabilistic and algorithmic methods.
Establishing a Community of Discourse Through Social Norms
Authors: Mullins Sara Brooke
Published: May 2018

While researchers, educators, state and national organizations, and policy makers are taking strides to help transform traditional mathematics classrooms into inquiry-based classrooms, they fail to address how to bridge the gap between creating discussions to developing mathematical discourse. One key component for producing inquiry-based classrooms is to have effective discussions (Smith & Stein, 2011). However, to have effective discussions, social norms must be in place that promote active participation from students (Sherin, 2002). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to synthesize educational research on social norms in the mathematics classroom to identify key components teacher educators can focus on to help teachers establish and implement social norms that promote sustainable inquiry-based classrooms. Results suggest social norms must be developed through collaboration of the teacher and students, the classroom environment must be supportive of mathematical discussion, and finally, norms should be (re)negotiated to help change students’ ways of thinking.
Adaptation of the Organizational Learning Culture (OLC) Dimension Methodology in the Israeli Local Authorities Context
Authors: Eisenberg Alona , Ignatjeva Svetlana , Iliško Dzintra , Rauckiene-Michaelsson Alona
Published: May 2018

Survival of organizations nowadays depends on their ability to learn properly and quickly increase their efficiency and their performance and to adapt to the changing environment. Creating an organizational learning culture (OLC) could achieve an increase in the survivability of organizations.

This paper examines the OLC questionnaire, the developed research methodology, adapted andapproved by Israeli local authorities. This study analyses 529 questionnaires filled in by municipalitiesi employees.

The aim of the research: the development of a mechanism for increasing the efficiency of the local authorities by influencing the behavior of employees through the creation of Organizational Learning Culture (OLC).
Teaching Sustainability in an Accounting Classroom
Authors: Creel Timothy , Paz Veronica
Published: May 2018

Sustainability has become an important issue in the world today for both business and society. As accounting faculty members, it is important that we add aspects of sustainability into accounting classrooms to help prepare students for what they will see in the workplace. The article aims to discuss areas for faculty to share with students the importance of sustainability. The methods of discussing sustainability in the classroom come from the teaching experiences of the authors. Cost, managerial, and intermediate accounting courses, as well as auditing at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, serve as conduits for sustainability concepts. Examples include discussing the triple bottom line, examining CSR reports and assurance services for them, talking about required environmental reporting and integrated reporting, and examining green balanced scorecards. The hope is that faculty can help students learn not only accounting but how to be better citizens with a global perspective on sustainability.
Naturalizing Social Class as a Moral Category on Swedish Mainstream Television
Authors: Jakobsson Peter , Stiernstedt Fredrik
Published: May 2018

This paper presents an analysis of how social class is constructed as a moral category on Swedish mainstream television. Practices of categorisation by the media is an important area of study since these practices are part of a process of co-construction of social categories that are offered to media users as cognitive tools and frames for navigating the social landscape. Based on a content analysis of television in Sweden, we show that the medium of television categorises people appearing on television along the social divisions of class and constructs class as a moral category, with a lower moral value assigned to the working class in comparison to the middle and upper class.
Thermal conductivity of rocks and geothermal water
Authors: Vukelić Željko
Published: May 2018

In this article, the possibilities of use of geothermal energy in relation to the geothermal gradient and aquifer yield are described. Calculations represent information on potential geothermal water reserves that are not affected by cold return water inflow from the reinjection well after a certain period of production time. The calculations apply for continuous production of geothermal water from the aquifer without significant pumping breaks.
Anesthetic considerations for a child with PHACE syndrome: a case report
Authors: Alotaibi Wadha Mubarak , Alzayer Zainab Abdulaziz
Published: May 2018

Background:

Posterior fossa malformations–hemangiomas–arterial anomalies–cardiac defects–eye abnormalities–sternal cleft and supraumbilical raphe syndrome (PHACE syndrome) is a rare and serious neurocutaneous disorder. Cerebrovascular and cardiac abnormalities are the most important anesthetic concerns for patients with PHACE syndrome in order to provide safe and sufficient perioperative anesthesia care.

Case Presentation:

The present case discussed the anesthetic implications of an infant boy who had PHACE syndrome and presented for elective laparoscopic-assisted pull through procedure under general anesthesia.

Conclusion:

Certain perioperative anesthetic implications should be considered mainly for difficult airway management that related to airway hemangiomas, abnormal cerebrovascular structure, mainly carotid arteries, involvement that affect cerebral blood flow and results in cerebral ischemia and the association of congenital cardiac disease.
Comparison of 99mTc(V)-DMSA with 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide scintigraphy in the detection of medullary thyroid tumor foci in a patient with elevated level of calcitonin after surgery: a case report
Authors: Ullah Hameed , Khan Aakif Ullah , Khattak Muhammad Rauf , Ahmad Shakil , Iqbal Shaheen
Published: May 2018

Background:

Technetium-99m pentavalent dimercaptosuccinic acid [99mTc(V)-DMSA] scintigraphy exhibits a crucial role in the preoperative assessment of residual or recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC).

Case Presentation:

99mTc(V)-DMSA scintigraphy was performed in a patient with histopathologically proven MTC expressing a high level of calcitonin using a locally formulated kit. Marked uptake of the radiotracer was observed by the locally metastatic foci. The same patient was then subjected to somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (Octreoscan) and the results were found comparable. Both the scanning was completed within 24 hours with good quality images.

Conclusion:

In-house preparation from renal DMSA kit, better resolution, good stability, and easy procedure with minimum cost make 99mTc(V)-DMSA a good imaging agent for visualization of MTC in the centers where 99mTc-ethylenediamine-N, N-diacetic acid/6-hydrazinonicotamide-3-carboxylic acid-Tyr3-octreotide is not available.
Life-threatening hypercalcemia and primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report of a rare presentation
Authors: Khalloufi Abdelaziz , Kassimi Ilyas El , Elkoundi Abdelghafour , Taki Zineb , Hassani Mohamed , Eddou Hicham
Published: May 2018

Background:

Hypercalcemia can cause a multitude of non-specific symptoms, although it can manifest as a life-threatening metabolic emergency. Several underlying causes should be considered in the emergency department (ED). Life-threatening hypercalcemia as the initial manifestation of primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is quite unusual.

Case Presentation:

We present a case of a 63-year-old man who presented to the ED with symptomatic hypercalcemia and acute renal failure that was linked to a diagnosis of pPCL. Despite adequate treatment, his course was associated with significant morbidity and was severe enough to threaten his life.

Conclusion:

Severe hypercalcemia with particular attention to the peripheral blood smear should alert physicians to this highly deadly entity.
Población extranjera residente en México. Caracterización socio-demográfica y laboral 1990 - 2010
Authors: Pardo Montaño Ana Melisa , Dávila Cervantes Claudio Alberto
Published: May 2018

El objetivo es determinar las principales características socio-demográficas de los extranjeros residentes en México, el mercado laboral en el cual se insertan y su distribución geográfica. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal y comparativo a partir de los datos de los Censos de Población y Vivienda de 1990, 2000 y 2010 de México. Se concluye que, en general, los extranjeros residentes en México, presentan distintas características sociodemográficas, las cuales dependen de los lugares de origen. Se encontró un patrón de inserción residencial, principalmente en el centro del país y en algunos estados de la frontera con Estados Unidos.
Enseñanza de la Geografía en Colombia. 1825-1869
Authors: Gonzalez Saavedra Arley
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo propone un tema de suma importancia para la historia de la educación geográfica en Colombia durante el siglo XIX, debido a la escasa producción bibliográfica al respecto y a la posibilidad que plantea de conocer el proceso de institucionalización de la geografía. El propósito fundamental consiste en analizar el proceso social, cultural y discursivo de la aparición de la enseñanza de la geografía en Colombia durante el periodo de 1825 a 1869 y la manera como a través de esta enseñanza se constituyó la geografía como saber escolar. Apoyados metodológicamente en la lectura de diversas fuentes como textos escolares, compendios y demás documentos que están por fuera de la escuela, se evidencia como la geografía es una ciencia que inicia en este espacio y se consolida posteriormente a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX comociencia en la universidad. Estos documentos se analizarán como lectura de prácticas para lograr entrever la emergencia de los discursos y las relaciones entre el saber y el poder. La conclusión del texto apunta hacia que la geografía en Colombia tiene una existencia como práctica externa a la escuela, posteriormente se institucionaliza como saber escolar hasta su consolidación como ciencia en la universidad.
Créditos
Authors: Geográfico Entorno
Published: May 2018

Créditos
Educación Superior y afrodescendientes. Un análisis de los cupos especiales en la Universidad del Valle
Authors: Ocoró Loango Anny
Published: May 2018

Este artículo describe y analiza, en forma preliminar, la participación de mujeres y hombres en el sistema de cuotas o condiciones de excepción para las comunidades negras o afrocolombianas en la Universidad de Valle (Cali–Colombia). Las políticas implementadas, desde el año 2004 hasta la fecha, han servido para facilitar el ingreso de la población afrocolombiana a la universidad, interpelando así la profunda desigualdad de oportunidades y las fuertes barreras raciales que enfrentan estos grupos en Colombia. En términos generales, se observa una mayor y más activa participación femenina que demanda el acceso a la universidad. Esto se manifiesta en el alto porcentaje de postulantes mujeres en los distintos programas.  A pesar de ello, en la mayoría de los casos el número de mujeres afrocolombianas admitidas se mantiene por debajo del de varones, al tiempo que se observa una mayor permanencia y graduación femenina en los distintos programas. De todas maneras, pese a los logros obtenidos, se advierte una fuerte inequidad estructural en materia educativa en el país, que afecta especialmente a los afrocolombianos/as.
Ecofeminismo, espiritualidad y subjetividad
Authors: Santacruz Benavides Lucy
Published: May 2018

En este artículo busco explorar argumentos centrales del ecofeminismo que permiten identificar la tensión existente en la relación entre mujer-naturaleza, como una idea construida dentro de los dualismos cartesianos del pensamiento moderno occidental. Idea que se pone en tensión con apuestas políticas y epistémicas que evidencian patrones civilizatorios diversos, apuestas que parten de las luchas por la defensa territorial de mujeres desde las que el ecofeminismo reflexiona y construye su postura. Lugar desde el cual la espiritualidad y la subjetividad toman dimensiones diversas.
Luchas de los sectores LGBTI en Pasto, Nariño en el posconflicto
Authors: Sotomayor Tacuri Scarlet , Quintero Gaitán Anderson Javier
Published: May 2018

La categorización de víctima constituye una estrategia de participación política de los sectores LGBTI de la ciudad de Pasto. El fin de esta autodefinición es continuar la lucha por la ciudadanía plena y su reconocimiento en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Este colectivo es heterogéneo y tiene dificultades a la hora de construir una identidad colectiva que permita su consolidación. Sin embargo, durante los dieciséis años que lleva funcionando se ha fortalecido, mediante las luchas constantes de activistas y las transformaciones constitucionales.
Se tienen en cuenta los debates feministas y de los estudios de género sobre víctimas y ciudadanía, planteándolas como definiciones opuestas; no significa que sean en sí mismas un antagonismo, sino una estrategia de movilización política en el marco de la Ley 1448 de 2011 y en los acuerdos de paz realizados entre el gobierno nacional y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia -FARC- durante los últimos cuatro años. Esto ha permitido la visibilización de sus problemáticas, a nivel social y cultural en las zonas rurales, donde se recrudece el conflicto y, en la zona urbana donde los estereotipos y estigmas son parte de la cotidianidad y se reproducen para discriminar a lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, trans e intersexuales.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: claves para ser feministas
Authors: De Dios Herrero Mariana
Published: May 2018

Todos deberíamos ser feministas
Ngozi Adichie, Chimamanda*. (2015). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Literatura Rondom House.
ISBN 978-987-3987-28-1. (64 páginas).
El soñar colectivo de los Frin
Authors: López Jorge Mario , Matallana Peláez Susana
Published: May 2018

Nota de los traductores:
Cuando uno se encuentra atrapado en un aeropuerto entre largas esperas de un vuelo a otro, indiscutiblemente le han de invadir sentimientos de aburrimiento, ansiedad o molestia. Sin embargo, en Changing Planes (2003), antología de cuentos a la que pertenece este relato, un personaje llamado Sita Dulip descubre un método para “viajar” entre planos, o mundos paralelos, con tan solo alinear los pensamientos y la posición adecuada en una silla incómoda en una sala de espera. Esta técnica, adoptada e implementada por la narradora, también amiga de Sita Dulip, le permite visitar diferentes sociedades y culturas enmarcadas y descritas a lo largo de los diferentes cuentos contenidos en esta antología. Los cuentos se encuentran interconectados entre sí de tal manera que al leerlos, el lector duplica el viaje “interplanario” de Sita Dulip y la narradora. Aunque los habitantes de estos mundos son básicamente humanos, pertenecen a sociedades fantásticas con características exóticas, desde una comunidad en la que sus habitantes viven enojados casi todo el tiempo, como en el cuento llamado “The Ire of the Veksi” o “La ira de los Veksi” hasta una en la que las personas han abusado de la modificación genética y como resultado muchos de ellos son parte humana y parte vegetal, como en “Porridge on Islac”, entre otros.
De esta manera, y tras haber visitado diferentes planos, la narradora, de quien se da muy poca información a lo largo de la obra, “viaja” a un lugar, un país con una característica muy particular: sus habitantes, los Frin, tienen la habilidad de compartir sus sueños entre ellos, es decir que lo que sueñan deja de ser personal y se convierte en comunal…
La clasificación en la lengua de señas colombiana (LSC)
Authors: Tovar Lionel Antonio , López Gómez Lorenzo
Published: May 2018

En este artículo se continúa con la exploración de las funciones del lenguaje académico en la lengua de señas colombiana (LSC), iniciada desde Tovar (2004, 2008, 2017). El propósito del estudio es presentar la estructura de la clasificación en LSC, tal como aparece en textos producidos por informantes sordos durante discusiones metalingüísticas suscitadas a partir de textos escritos de clasificación en español. Primero se presenta el origen de las taxonomías en la ciencia moderna y la estructura léxico-gramatical de la clasificación en español. Seguidamente se dan ejemplos de los textos producidos por los señantes, para ilustrar y analizar la léxico-gramática de la clasificación en LSC.
El habla rosa: Creación léxica en un grupo de hombres homosexuales en Santiago de Cali (Colombia)
Authors: Ramírez Espinosa Alexánder , Herrera Marín Rogelio
Published: May 2018

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre el léxico de un grupo de hombres homosexuales de Cali, Colombia. La investigación comprendió el análisis morfológico y semántico de un corpus de 206 términos, recogidos en situaciones de habla espontánea, a través del cual se determinaron los modos de creación léxica de esta comunidad y se establecieron los campos semánticos en los que son utilizadas dichas voces. Los resultados sugieren que la creación léxica está ligada a la creación y reafirmación de identidad social en esta comunidad.