bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Location Quotients to Determine Public–Natural Space Spatial Patterns: A Zurich Model
Authors: Xu Ning , Cheng Yuning , Xu Xiaodong
Published: September 2018

The layout relationship between the public space system and the natural system of cities determines the trend of urban spatial forms. From the perspective of the integration of landscape architecture and urban design discipline, this paper generalizes three restriction/dependence relationship modes between urban public space and natural landscape layout: (1) overlapping mode, (2) separation mode, and (3) the mode of edge combination. Using Zurich, Switzerland, as a case study, this paper quantitatively explores the layout relationship between public space and natural landscape using the location quotient method. The research findings reveal an obvious layer distribution trend of Zurich urban public space and natural factors: the public space and mountain layout have a clear separation relationship. The regressive equation is PQ = −0.188lnMQ + 0.660, forming the mutually supplementary mechanism of the advantageous resources of public activities. The Zurich model shows that when a proper relationship is established among the natural system and the urban public space, human activities, and the public activity centers of the city, the new system provides significant ecological and social benefits. This finding provides an exemplary reference for urban construction in other countries.
Centralized and Decentralized Approaches to Water Demand Management
Authors: Xiao Yi , Fang Liping , Hipel Keith W.
Published: September 2018

Centralized and decentralized procedures to assess the impacts of water demand management on a water system and its users are investigated and compared. Within the centralized approach, a system-wide optimization technique is firstly utilized to estimate the overall optimal net benefits when the water demand management initiatives are implemented. Cooperative game-theoretic methods are used to fairly redistribute the additional net benefits. In terms of the decentralized perspective, an agent-based modelling framework is adopted to permit each user to make independent decisions on whether to conserve water or consume extra water and how much to conserve or consume by solving individual optimization problems. For comparison purposes, both the centralized and decentralized approaches are applied to a case study reflecting an actual situation in the South Saskatchewan River basin in Alberta, Canada. Both methods provide positive incentives to encourage users to conserve water while maintaining at least the same level of economic benefits such that system-wide productivity is improved. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the centralized method produces greater overall net benefits, but the users may be less motivated to participate.
Inland Shipping to Serve the Hinterland: The Challenge for Seaport Authorities
Authors: Kotowska Izabela , Mańkowska Marta , Pluciński Michał
Published: September 2018

The competitiveness of seaports is predominantly affected by factors external to the ports themselves, connected mainly with the quality of the hinterland and foreland infrastructure. Measures taken in these areas are reflected in the main objectives of the port strategies. Concurrently, the measures may have adverse environmental impacts (pollutant emissions, noise, land occupancy, etc.) and deteriorate the life quality of the port city’s communities. Therefore, measures taken by seaport authorities to improve their competitiveness must also heed the idea of sustainable development (sustainable port strategy). The answer to this challenge is the idea of green ports, being an element of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies of seaports. One of the elements of this concept is promoting more environmentally friendly transport modes/transport chains in serving the hinterland as an alternative to road transport. Inland shipping is the most environmentally friendly and also cost-competitive mode of transport. Therefore, a modal shift from road to inland waterways is one of the elements of the European Union sustainable transport policy, as well as also gaining importance in the development policies of seaport authorities as an element of a green port strategy. However, this issue has been relatively rarely addressed in the seaport economics literature. In particular, there has been a lack of studies that would make it possible to answer the question of what kind of action should be taken by seaport authorities in order to increase the share of inland shipping in hinterland transport. This article aimed to develop a concept of a promotion policy to be applied by seaport authorities to increase the share of inland shipping in hinterland transport. The study used the elements of a multiple case study design method which included the following seaports: Antwerp, Rotterdam, Hamburg, and the Marseilles–Fos port complex. This article was dedicated to identifying, analyzing, and classifying the policies implemented by these European seaports to promote inland waterway transportation. The research showed that these actions were quite similar in terms of their scope. The actions were classified as external and internal initiatives. The most common external actions included initiatives that improved the quality of inland waterways and the quality of shipping connections with the hinterland. Internal initiatives focused on improving the port’s infrastructure for barges and on implementing an appropriate information policy. The presented concept of a promotion policy can be a road map for all port authorities aiming to improve the quality of inland shipping as a mode of hinterland transport.
The Uncommon Nightingale: Sustainable Housing Innovation in Australia
Authors: Moore Trivess , Doyon Andréanne
Published: September 2018

There is a need to deliver more environmentally and socially sustainable housing if we are to achieve a transition to a low carbon future. There are examples of innovative and sustainable housing emerging around the world which challenge the deeper structures of the existing housing regime. This paper uses the analysis of socio-technical dimensions of eco-housing presented by Smith to explore the development of an emerging sustainable housing model known as Nightingale Housing in Australia within a sustainability transitions framing. While there were several similarities to Smith’s analysis (e.g., establishment of guiding principles, learning by doing), there were also some key differences, including the scaling up of sustainable housing while using tried and tested design principles, materials and technologies, and creating changes to user relations, policy, and culture. Smith’s dimensions remain a good framework for understanding sustainable housing development, but they must be located within a scaling up sustainable housing agenda. What is required now is to develop a better understanding of the processes and opportunities that such housing models offer policy makers, housing researchers, and building industry stakeholders to achieve a broader scale uptake of sustainable housing both in Australia and globally.
Energy and Hydraulic Performance of a Vegetated Roof in Sub-Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Piro Patrizia , Carbone Marco , De Simone Marilena , Maiolo Mario , Bevilacqua Piero , Arcuri Natale
Published: September 2018

Widespread overbuilding, the prevalence of asphalt surfaces on green areas, and the use of building materials with low heat dissipation abilities are among the main causes of Urban Heat Islands. Within urban areas, evapotranspiration and shade from plants can significantly reduce the UHI phenomenon, help in stormwater management, and reduce building energy consumption. The goal of this work is to analyze the hydraulics and energy performances of an experimental extensive green roof at the University of Calabria (Italy) in Mediterranean area. This study confirmed that green roofs significantly mitigate storm water runoff generation in terms of runoff volume reduction and peak attenuation, and improve the thermal performance of buildings and the internal comfort of indoor spaces.
Solutions for More Sustainable Distribution in the Short Food Supply Chains
Authors: Todorovic Vladimir , Maslaric Marinko , Bojic Sanja , Jokic Maja , Mircetic Dejan , Nikolicic Svetlana
Published: September 2018

The largest part of food sales is managed by large food supply chains. However, an alternative system of food distribution focuses on locally produced and sold food that has gotten great attention in the last two decades. The challenges of those new systems, called short food supply chains (SFSC), represent tough market competitions, high distribution and logistics costs, small shipment sizes and so forth. Hence, the SFSC requires corresponding solutions in food distribution that are aligned with the contemporary logistics trends, sustainability and aspects of the new digital era. Using specially developed methodology, based on two different conceptual models, we showed how the SFSC could be designed from the aspects of innovative logistics modes and contemporary information and communication technologies, with the final aim to outline and evaluate different food distribution scenarios towards greater sustainability. The first conceptual model was aimed at the creation of innovative forms of SFSC, in which business process modelling was used in order to design and explore the given situation more thoroughly. For the purposes of conducting a comparative assessment of the distribution models developed in the previous part, the second conceptual model is developed. By using a qualitative approach, this is how the major advantages and challenges of practical implementations in creating sustainable distribution solutions are stated for each scenario.
Anatomical Distribution of Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DSTs) in the Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and Individual Variability in Scallops and Mytilus edulis Mussels: Statistical Considerations
Authors: Matsushima Ryoji , Uchida Hajime , Watanabe Ryuichi , Oikawa Hiroshi , Oogida Izumi , Kosaka Yuki , Kanamori Makoto , Akamine Tatsuro , Suzuki Toshiyuki
Published: September 2018

Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) are a group of phycotoxins that include okadaic acid (OA)/dinophysistoxin (DTX) analogues. At present, detailed data on the distribution of DST is insufficient, and studies of the appropriate sample sizes are lacking. This study investigated the DST frequency distribution in scallops and mussels by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and a resampling analysis of existing data was carried out. The DST population-interval and the necessary sample size were also estimated. DSTs are localized in the scallop digestive-gland, and the DST concentrations in scallops were water-depth-dependent. DST concentrations in scallops and mussels showed normal distributions, but mussels tended to contain more DSTs than scallops. In the statistical resampling analysis of the acquired data on scallops and mussels, especially that using the bootstrap method, sample size was difficult to estimate when the DST variation was large. Although the DST population-interval could be statistically estimated from the sample standard deviation of three samples, the sample size corresponded to the risk management level, and the use of 13 or more samples was preferable. The statistical methods used here to analyze individual contents and estimate population content-intervals could be applied in various situations and for shellfish toxins other than DSTs.
Reply to Comment on Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Neurotoxin Chemodenervation Procedures. Toxins 2018, 10, 18—Quintessential Use of Ultrasound Guidance for Botulinum Toxin Injections
Authors: Alter Katharine , Karp Barbara
Published: September 2018

We thank the authors for their detailed letter and salient comments related to our article on Ultrasound Guidance for botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections.[...]
The Involvement of Histone H3 Acetylation in Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Replication in MDBK Cells
Authors: Zhu Liqian , Jiang Xinyi , Fu Xiaotian , Qi Yanhua , Zhu Guoqiang
Published: September 2018

During bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) productive infection in cell cultures, partial of intranuclear viral DNA is present in nucleosomes, and viral protein VP22 associates with histones and decreases histone H4 acetylation, indicating the involvement of histone H4 acetylation in virus replication. In this study, we demonstrated that BoHV-1 infection at the late stage (at 24 h after infection) dramatically decreased histone H3 acetylation [at residues K9 (H3K9ac) and K18 (H3K18ac)], which was supported by the pronounced depletion of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) including CBP/P300 (CREB binding protein and p300), GCN5L2 (general control of amino acid synthesis yeast homolog like 2) and PCAF (P300/CBP-associated factor). The depletion of GCN5L2 promoted by virus infection was partially mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Interestingly, the viral replication was enhanced by HAT (histone acetyltransferase) activator CTPB [N-(4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-ethoxy-6-pentadecylbenzamide], and vice versa, inhibited by HAT inhibitor Anacardic acid (AA), suggesting that BoHV-1 may take advantage of histone acetylation for efficient replication. Taken together, we proposed that the HAT-dependent histone H3 acetylation plays an important role in BoHV-1 replication in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells.
Apoptosis Induction by dsRNA-Dependent Protein Kinase R (PKR) in EPC Cells via Caspase 8 and 9 Pathways
Authors: Xu Cheng , Gamil Amr A. A. , Munang’andu Hetron Mweemba , Evensen Øystein
Published: September 2018

dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) is an interferon-inducible protein that mediates antiviral effects and induces apoptosis. We studied PKR-related apoptosis mechanisms by transfecting wild type pcDNA-carp-wtPKR, a catalytically inactive mutant pcDNA-mut-carpPKR, and empty plasmid in Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells, designated wtPKR, mutPKR, and pcDNA3.1, respectively. PKR was inefficiently expressed from wtPKR unlike mutPKR that produced high PKR levels detected by western blot. eIF2α phosphorylation increased in wtPKR-transfected cells, while for mutPKR, phosphorylation was not different from non-transfected controls. Flow-cytometry revealed high level of apoptosis in wtPKR transfected cells, corresponding with high cytopathic effect. mutPKR and pcDNA3.1 transfection gave significantly less apoptosis and were not different from each other. Caspase-8 and -9 were activated for wtPKR, suggesting death receptor-caspase-8 and mitochondrion-dependent caspase-9 activated pathways, similar to mammalian cells. These findings suggest that the induction of apoptosis via the caspase-8 and -9 pathways are conserved in vertebrate taxa and likely play a role in viral infections of lower vertebrates.
Expanded Application of the Passive Flux Meter: In-Situ Measurements of 1,4-Dioxane, Sulfate, Cr(VI) and RDX
Authors: Haluska Alexander A. , Thiemann Meghan S. , Evans Patrick J. , Cho Jaehyun , Annable Michael D.
Published: September 2018

Passive flux meters (PFMs) have become invaluable tools for site characterization and evaluation of remediation performance at groundwater contaminated sites. To date, PFMs technology has been demonstrated in the field to measure midrange hydrophobic contaminants (e.g., chlorinated ethenes, fuel hydrocarbons, perchlorate) and inorganic ions (e.g., uranium and nitrate). However, flux measurements of low partitioning contaminants (e.g., 1,4-dioxane, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX)) and reactive ions-species (e.g., sulfate (SO42−), Chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)) are still challenging because of their low retardation during transport and quick transformation under highly reducing conditions, respectively. This study is the first application of PFMs for in-situ mass flux measurements of 1,4-dioxane, RDX, Cr(VI) and SO42− reduction rates. Laboratory experiments were performed to model kinetic uptake rates and extraction efficiency for sorbent selections. Silver impregnated granular activated carbon (GAC) was selected for the capture of 1,4-dioxane and RDX, whereas Purolite 300A (Bala Cynwyd, PA, USA) was selected for Cr(VI) and SO42−. PFM field demonstrations measured 1,4-dioxane fluxes ranging from 13.3 to 55.9 mg/m2/day, an RDX flux of 4.9 mg/m2/day, Cr(VI) fluxes ranging from 2.3 to 2.8 mg/m2/day and SO42− consumption rates ranging from 20 to 100 mg/L/day. This data suggests other low-partitioning contaminates and reactive ion-species could be monitored using the PFM.
Canopy Light Utilization and Yield of Rice under Rain-Catching and Controlled Irrigation
Authors: Lu Hongfei , Qi Xuebin , Guo Xiangping , Towa Jacob Jeremiah , Zhen Bo , Qiao Dongmei , Wang Zhenchang , Yang Bo , Han Yang
Published: September 2018

In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the rainfall is greater in summer. The technology of rain catching and controlled irrigation of rice help to save water by raising the water depth of the field after rain while the soil water content during the rest period is maintained at 70–100% of field capacity. The objectives of this study were to evaluate rice growth, canopy light utilization, and yield of rice under different rain-catching and controlled irrigation modes (T1: light drought and low storage, T2: light drought and high storage), and to find the optimal storage depth after rain for rice. Measurements included the rice plant height, tiller number, high tiller growth, leaf angle, canopy interception rate, and yield shape. The plot experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013 using Nanjing 44 (Oryza sativa L.) as the test material. The results showed that T1 treatment improved the height of rice plants and the number of effective tillers in the late growth stage. The number of high tillers had a great influence on the total leaf dry quality; compared with conventional irrigation (CK), the number of high tillers increased by 11.36% and 7.87% in T1 and T2, respectively; the canopy interception rate of T1 above 0 cm was higher than that in T2 and CK; and the leaf area index (LAI) was closely related to the 0–40 cm of canopy light distribution. The number of grains per panicle in T1 was lower than in CK and T2; however, the number of grains in T1 was less, and the 1000 grain weight was higher. On the 63 days and 83 days after transplanting in 2012 and 78 days after transplanting in 2013, the first, second, and third leaf angles of T1 were larger. Rain-catching and controlled irrigation can increase the dry weight and shoot dry weight of rice, and light drought and low storage (T1) conditions are good for maintaining a high yield because of more tiller number, more grains per panicle and reasonable light distribution.
Removal Processes of Carbamazepine in Constructed Wetlands Treating Secondary Effluent: A Review
Authors: Chen Xinhan , Hu Zhen , Zhang Yijin , Zhuang Linlan , Zhang Jian , Li Jing , Hu Hongying
Published: September 2018

It is widely believed that constructed wetlands (CWs) own great potentiality as polishing wastewater treatment methods for removing carbamazepine (CBZ). Although the typical CBZ removal efficiencies in CWs are quite low, the CBZ removal performance could be improved to some extend by optimizing the CW design parameters. A comparison of current relevant studies indicates that horizontal sub-surface flow CWs (HSSF-CWs) and hybrid wetlands are attracting more interest for the treatment of CBZ wastewater. According to CBZ’s physicochemical properties, substrate adsorption (25.70–57.30%) and macrophyte uptake (22.30–51.00%) are the two main CBZ removal pathways in CWs. The CBZ removal efficiency of CWs employing light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as a substrate could reach values higher than 90%, and the most favorable macrophyte species is Iris sibirica, which has shown the highest total CBZ assimilation capacity. Several methods for enhancement have been proposed to optimize CBZ removal in CWs, including development of hydraulic models for optimization of CW operation, introduction of extra new CBZ removal ways into CW through substrate modification, design of combined/integrated CW, etc.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTATIONALLY EFFICIENT TAGUCHI ROBUST DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ANN FUEL CONSUMPTION PREDICTION MODELS
Authors: Predić Bratislav , Madić Miloš , Roganović Miloš , Karabašević Darjan , Stanujkić Dragiša
Published: September 2018

Reduction of passenger cars fuel consumption and associated emissions are two major goals of sustainable transport over the last years. Passenger car fuel consumption is directly related to a number of technological aspects of a given car, driver behaviour, road and weather conditions and, especially at urban level, road structure and traffic flow and conditions. In this paper, passenger car fuel consumption was assumed to be a function of three input variables, i.e. day of week, hour of day and city zone. Over the period of 6 months (during 2015) a car was driven in the randomly chosen routes in the city of Niš (Serbia) in the period from 8 to 23 h. The fuel consumption data recorded through on-board diagnostics equipment were used for the development of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. In order to efficiently deal with a number of ANN design issues, to avoid usual trial and error procedure and develop robust, high performance ANN models, the Taguchi method was applied. For experimentation with ANN design parameters (transfer function, the number of neurons in the first hidden layer, the number of neurons in the second hidden layer, training algorithm), the standard L18 orthogonal array with two replications was selected. Statistical results indicate the dominant influence of the training algorithm, followed by the ANN topology, i.e. interaction of the number of neurons in hidden layers, on the ANN models performance. It has been observed that 3-8-8-1 ANN model represents an optimal model for prediction of passenger car fuel consumption. This model has logistic sigmoid transfer functions in hidden layers trained with scaled conjugate gradient algorithm. By using the Taguchi optimized ANN models, analysis of passenger car fuel consumption has been discussed based on traffic conditions, i.e. different days of the week and hours of the day, for each city zone and separately for summer and winter periods.
A MODEL TO EVALUATE SUPPLY CHAIN TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION INFLUENCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Soltany Zeynab , Rostamzadeh Reza , Skrickij Viktor
Published: September 2018

Supply Chain Management (SCM) aims to achieve organizational competitiveness. By including SCM paradigm and Information Technology (IT), companies aim to enhance their responsiveness and flexibility, and by changing their operations’ strategy, they attempt to improve their competitiveness. This study focuses on the organizational variable, IT capabilities, technological structure, and possible antecedents and their impact on Supply Chain Technology (SCT) implementation. This paper proposes a model to examine the way, which SCT implementation affects IT enabled Organizational Performance (OP). The data were achieved through the questionnaires, and then they were analysed by using Smart PLS 3 program. The data collected from 118 employees in IT sector of Iran’s customs administration provide strong support to the proposed research model. The results of this research showed that SCT implementation has a mediating effect on IT enabled OP improvement. Besides, the study revealed that IT capabilities have the most and organizational variable has the least influence on implementation of SCT. Based on other organization’s situations, they can use the suggested model with a little changes.
KUG 0200-096: Dwarf Antennae Hosting a Tidal Dwarf Galaxy
Authors: Paudel Sanjaya , Sengupta Chandreyee , Yoon Suk-Jin
Published: September 2018

We study a gas-rich merging dwarf system KUG 0200-096. Deep optical imaging reveals an optically faint tail with a length of 20 kpc, giving a visual impression of tidal antenna similar to NGC 4038/39. The interacting dwarf galaxies have B-band absolute magnitudes of −18.06 and −16.63 mag. We identify a young stellar clump with a stellar mass of 2 × 107
M
⊙ at the tip of the antenna, possibly a tidal dwarf galaxy (TDG). The putative TDG candidate is quite blue with a g − r color index of −0.07 mag, whereas the interacting dwarf galaxies have g − r color indices 0.29 and 0.19 mag. The TDG is currently forming stars at the rate of 0.02 M
⊙ yr−1. We obtained H i 21 cm line data of KUG 0200-096 using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope to get a more detailed view of neutral hydrogen (H i) emission in interacting dwarf galaxies and its TDG. Evidence of a merger between the dwarf galaxy pair is also present in H i kinematics and morphology where we find the H i contents of the interacting pair is disturbed, forming an extended tail toward the TDG. The H i velocity field shows a strong gradient along the H i tidal tail extension. We present a comparative study between the Antennae galaxy, NGC 4038/39, and KUG 0200-096 in both optical and H i gas properties and discuss the possible origin of the KUG 0200-096 TDG.
Constraints on the Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate in the z ∼ 2.3 Lensed Galaxies SMM J2135–0102 and SDP 17b from Observations of OH+ and H2O+
Authors: Indriolo Nick , Bergin E. A. , Falgarone E. , Godard B. , Zwaan M. A. , Neufeld D. A. , Wolfire M. G.
Published: September 2018

Cosmic rays are predominantly accelerated in shocks associated with star formation such as supernova remnants and stellar wind bubbles, so the cosmic-ray flux and thus cosmic-ray ionization rate, ζ
H, should correlate with the star formation rate in a galaxy. Submillimeter bright galaxies (SMGs) are some of the most prolific star-forming galaxies in the universe, and gravitationally lensed SMGs provide bright continuum sources suitable for absorption line studies. Abundances of OH+ and H2O+ are useful for inferring ζ
H when combined with chemical models, and have been used for this purpose within the Milky Way. At redshifts z ≳ 2 transitions out of the ground rotational states of OH+ and H2O+ are observable with ALMA, and we present observations of both molecules in absorption toward the lensed SMGs SMM J2135−0102 and SDP 17b. These detections enable an exploration of ζ
H in galaxies with extreme star formation and high supernova rates, both of which should significantly enhance cosmic-ray production. The observed OH+ and H2O+ absorption is thought to arise in massive, extended halos of cool, diffuse gas that surround these galaxies. Using a chemical model designed to focus on the reaction network important to both species, we infer cosmic-ray ionization rates of ζ
H ∼ 10−16–10−14 s−1 in these extended gaseous halos. Because our estimates come from gas that is far away from the sites of cosmic-ray acceleration, they imply that cosmic-ray ionization rates in the compact regions where star formation occurs in these galaxies are orders of magnitude higher.
Identifying Observables That Can Differentiate Between Impulsive and Footpoint Heating: Time Lags and Intensity Ratios
Authors: Winebarger Amy R. , Lionello Roberto , Downs Cooper , Mikić Zoran , Linker Jon
Published: September 2018

Observations of solar coronal loops have identified several common loop characteristics, including that loops appear to cool and have higher than expected densities. Two potential heating scenarios have been suggested to explain these observations. One scenario is that the loops are formed by many strands, each heated independently by a series of small-scale impulsive heating events, or nanoflares. Another hypothesis is that the heating is quasi-steady and highly stratified, i.e., “footpoint heating”; such heating can drive thermal nonequilibrium in some structures depending on the scale height and magnitude of the energy deposition, and the geometry of the structure. Studies of both types of heating have found that they can qualitatively reproduce the observed loop properties. The goal of this paper is to identify observables that can be used to differentiate between these two heating scenarios. To do this, we use a single loop geometry. For footpoint heating, we vary the heating magnitude and stratification, for impulsive heating, we vary the heating magnitude. We use one-dimensional hydrodynamic codes to calculate the resulting temperature and density evolution. We convolve the temperature and density with the response functions of four EUV channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and one filter channel of Hinode's X-ray Telescope. We consider two principal diagnostics: the time lag between the appearance of the loop in two different channels, and the ratio of the peak intensities of the loop in the two channels. Based on this limited data set, we find (1) that footpoint heating can predict longer time lags than impulsive heating in some channel pairs, (2) that footpoint heating can predict zero or negative time lags in some channel pairs, (3) that the intensity ratio expected from impulsive heating is confined to a narrow range, while footpoint heating predicts a wider range of intensity ratios, and (4) that the range of temperatures expected in impulsive heating is broader than the range of temperatures expected in footpoint heating. This preliminary study identifies observables that may be useful in discriminating between heating models in future work.
Interactions Between Gas Dynamics and Magnetic Fields in the Massive Dense Cores of the DR21 Filament
Authors: Ching Tao-Chung , Lai Shih-Ping , Zhang Qizhou , Girart Josep M. , Qiu Keping , Liu Hauyu B.
Published: September 2018

We report Submillimeter Array molecular line observations in the 345 GHz band of five massive dense cores, Cyg-N38, Cyg-N43, Cyg-N48, Cyg-N51, and Cyg-N53 in the DR21 filament. The molecular line data reveal several dynamical features of the cores: (1) prominent outflows in all cores seen in the CO and SiO lines, (2) significant velocity gradients in Cyg-N43 and Cyg-N48 seen in the H13CN and H13CO+ lines suggesting 0.1 pc scale rotational motions, and (3) possible infalls in Cyg-N48 found in the SiO and SO lines. Comparing the molecular line data and our dust polarization data in Ching et al., we find that the gradients of line-of-sight velocities appear to be randomly oriented relative to the plane-of-sky magnetic fields. Our simulations suggest that this random alignment implies parallel or random alignment between the velocity gradients and magnetic fields in the three-dimensional space. The linewidths of H13CN emission are consistently wider than those of H13CO+ emission in the 3″–10″ detectable scales, which can be explained by the existence of ambipolar diffusion with maximum plane-of-the-sky magnetic field strengths of 1.9 mG and 5.1 mG in Cyg-N38 and Cyg-N48, respectively. Our results suggest that the gas dynamics may distort the magnetic fields of the cores of into complex structures and ambipolar diffusion could be important in dissipating the magnetic energies of the cores.
Hemispheric Preference and Cyclic Variation of Solar Filament Chirality from 2000 to 2016
Authors: Hazra Soumitra , Mahajan Sushant S. , Douglas William Keith , Martens Petrus C. H.
Published: September 2018

It is well known that solar filaments are features in the solar atmosphere that show a hemispheric preference in their chirality. The hemispheric preference is such that the dextral chirality dominates in the northern hemisphere while the sinistral chirality dominates in the southern. Determining the strength and cyclic variation of the degree of this hemispheric preference however, is challenging and tedious, and thus, needs to be automated. In this paper, we follow Dr. Pietro Bernasconi’s algorithm to detect filament chirality with two parallel channels of application. The algorithm is applied to H-alpha images with the “Advanced Automated Filament Detection and Characterization Code” and the full algorithm (including the detection of filaments and tracking) is explained to the human observer who determines the chirality of the solar filament. We have conducted this exercise on the data during the month of August from years 2000 to 2016 and we found that 83% of our visually determined filaments follow the hemispheric chirality preference, while 58% of automatically determined filaments follow it. Our visually compiled results have over 90% agreement with those of Pevtsov et al., yet the visually determined chiralities of filaments disagree with the automated determinations significantly. We find that the hemispheric preference remained the same between solar cycles 23 and 24, but the preference is very difficult to determine during the solar minimum of 2008–2010 primarily due to the absence of filaments.
SCUBA-2 Ultra Deep Imaging EAO Survey (STUDIES). II. Structural Properties and Near-infrared Morphologies of Faint Submillimeter Galaxies
Authors: Chang Yu-Yen , Ferraro Nicholas , Wang Wei-Hao , Lim Chen-Fatt , Toba Yoshiki , An Fangxia , Chen Chian-Chou , Smail Ian , Shim Hyunjin , Ao Yiping , Bunker Andy , Conselice Christopher J. , Cowley William , da Cunha Elisabete , Fan Lulu , Goto Tomotsugu , Guo Kexin , Ho Luis C. , Hwang Ho Seong , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Lee Minju , Michałowski Michał J. , Oteo I. , Scott Douglas , Serjeant Stephen , Shu Xinwen , Simpson James , Urquhart Sheona
Published: September 2018

We present structural parameters and morphological properties of faint 450 μm selected submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) from the JCMT Large Program, STUDIES, in the COSMOS-CANDELS region. Their properties are compared to an 850 μm selected and a matched star-forming samples. We investigate stellar structures of 169 faint 450 μm sources (S
450 = 2.8–29.6 mJy; S/N > 4) at z < 3 using HST near-infrared observations. Based on our spectral energy distribution fitting, half of such faint SMGs (L
IR = 1011.65±0.98
L
⊙) lie above the star formation rate (SFR)/stellar mass plane. The size–mass relation shows that these SMGs are generally similar to less-luminous star-forming galaxies selected by NUV − r versus r − J colors. Because of the intrinsic luminosity of the sample, their rest-frame optical emission is less extended than the 850 μm sources (S
850 > 2 mJy) and more extended than the star-forming galaxies in the same redshift range. For the stellar mass and SFR-matched sample at z ≃ 1 and z ≃ 2, the size differences are marginal between faint SMGs and the matched galaxies. Moreover, faint SMGs have similar Sérsic indices and projected axis ratios as star-forming galaxies with the same stellar mass and SFR. Both SMGs and the matched galaxies show high fractions (∼70%) of disturbed features at z ≃ 2, and the fractions depend on the SFRs. These suggest that their star formation activity is related to galaxy merging and the stellar structures of SMGs are similar to those of star-forming galaxies. We show that the depths of submillimeter surveys are approaching the lower luminosity end of star-forming galaxies, allowing us to detect galaxies on the main sequence.
Discovery of X-Rays from the Old and Faint Pulsar J1154–6250
Authors: Igoshev Andrei P. , Tsygankov Sergey S. , Rigoselli Michela , Mereghetti Sandro , Popov Sergei B. , Elfritz Justin G. , Mushtukov Alexander A.
Published: September 2018

We report on the first X-ray observation of the 0.28 s isolated radio pulsar PSR J1154–6250 obtained with the XMM-Newton observatory in 2018 February. A point-like source is firmly detected at a position consistent with that of PSR J1154–6250. The two closest stars are outside the 3σ confidence limits of the source position and thus unlikely to be responsible for the observed X-ray emission. The energy spectrum of the source can be fitted equally well either with an absorbed power law with a steep photon index Γ ≈ 3.3 or with an absorbed blackbody with temperature kT = 0.21 ± 0.04 keV and emitting radius R
BB ≈ 80 m (assuming a distance of 1.36 kpc). The X-ray luminosity of 4.4 × 1030 erg s−1 derived with the power-law fit corresponds to an efficiency of

, similar to those of other old pulsars. The X-ray properties of PSR J1154–6250 are consistent with an old age and suggest that the spatial coincidence of this pulsar with the OB association Cru OB1 is due to a chance alignment.
Fermi-LAT Detection of a Transient γ-Ray Source in the Direction of a Distant Blazar B3 1428+422 at z = 4.72
Authors: Liao Neng-Hui , Li Shang , Fan Yi-Zhong
Published: September 2018

We report the detection of a transient γ-ray source in the direction of B3 1428+422 (z = 4.72) by analyzing the 110-month Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data. The new transient γ-ray source is far away from the Galactic plane and has a rather soft spectrum, in agreement with being a high redshift blazar. We suggest that the newly discovered transient is the γ-ray counterpart of B3 1428+422, which could be the most distant GeV source detected so far. The detection of a group of such distant γ-ray blazars will be helpful in reconstructing the evolution of the luminosity function and studying the extragalactic background light at such high redshifts.
Does frugivory in Citharexylum solanaceum (Verbenaceae) drive nomadism in the Ipanema bat Pygoderma bilabiatum (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)?
Authors: Scultori Carolina , Silva Wesley R.
Published: September 2018

Neotropical bats are recognized as effective seed dispersers, especially of small-seeded pioneer plants during early stages of forest regeneration. There had been few reports on the ecology of the bat Pygodermabilabiatum (Wagner, 1843), which appears to be mainly frugivorous and to undertake vertical migrations in Brazil. Our analyzes of fecal samples of P.bilabiatum specimens captured in mist nets and direct observations of their feeding behavior on Citharexylumsolanaceum Cham. fruits in a mosaic of restored forests and forest fragments in southeastern Brazil constitute one of the few records of consumption of large-seeded fruits by P.bilabiatum, and indicate that it may be an important disperser for large-seeded plants. We found evidence that the temporal availability of those fruits may influence the movement ecology of those bats.
Diversité des publics et des appropriations d’une offre culturelle plurielle : le cas de la Cité de la musique-Philharmonie de Paris
Authors: Merchaoui Wided , Wolff Loup
Published: September 2018

Une variété de profils de publics fréquentent la Cité de la musique-Philharmonie de Paris et s’oriente dans l’offre culturelle plurielle proposée par l’établissement. Distinguant une moitié de ces publics, pour laquelle la fréquentation de l’établissement s’organise prioritairement autour de l’offre de concerts, et une autre moitié manifestant une approche beaucoup plus mixte (et associant donc l’offre d’expositions, muséale ou d’activités), six groupes distincts de publics se détachent. Représentant une première moitié du public focalisée sur l’offre de concerts, les spectateurs mélomanes classiques et éclectiques présentent deux modalités d’appropriation de l’offre musicale proposée par la Cité de la musique-Philharmonie de Paris. Les premiers (caractérisés par leur âge avancé ou au contraire leur jeunesse) manifestent un intérêt particulièrement marqué pour le répertoire classique. Les seconds font preuve d’une plus grande ouverture et s’emparent de l’ensemble du catalogue de concerts. Le groupe des visiteurs occasionnels rassemble un public caractérisé par une fréquentation plus intermittente de l’établissement, une origine géographique plus éloignée et un intérêt particulier pour les expositions. Résidant à proximité immédiate du site, les spectateurs participants sont le groupe circulant le plus dans l’ensemble des offres proposées par la Cité de la musique-Philharmonie de Paris : concerts, expositions et activités. Les néo-visiteurs réunissent un public plus jeune, le moins connaisseur de l’établissement et, lui aussi, particulièrement intéressé par les expositions. Enfin, les étrangers experts rassemblent un segment minoritaire du public : résidant à l’étranger et présentant tous les signes d’une éducation musicale poussée, ils sont venus majoritairement visiter le Musée de la musique. Ces profils variés dessinent la pluralité des modalités d’appropriation de la programmation de la Cité de la musique-Philharmonie de Paris, en lien avec les parcours individuels des publics.
Éducation et territoire. Retour sur un objet sociologique mal ajusté
Authors: Ben Ayed Choukri
Published: September 2018

Cet article s’intéresse aux enjeux de l’extension institutionnelle des relations entre éducation et territoire (décentralisation éducative, projets éducatifs locaux, etc.). Après avoir fait le constat que les relations entre éducation et territoire contribuent au brouillage des partitions anciennes entre l’école et le hors école, l’éducation formelle et informelle, l’article interroge le sens politique et éducatif de ce brouillage. Il montre que la tendance actuelle à l’articulation des différentes sphères éducatives, si elle permet de lutter contre certains cloisonnements institutionnels et administratifs, rebat également les cartes entre éducation et socialisation, éducation et loisirs, voire éducation et contrôle social. L’article développe ainsi une analyse sur les enjeux et les risques inhérents à cette forme d’homogénéisation éducative sans « contres pouvoirs » éducatifs par l’affaiblissement des espaces éducatifs alternatifs.
Louis Legrand et la réforme des collèges
Authors: Dorison Catherine
Published: September 2018

À l’arrivée de la gauche au pouvoir en 1981, le ministre de l’Éducation nationale, Alain Savary demande à Louis Legrand des propositions pour transformer les collèges. Sept ans plus tôt, la loi élaborée par René Haby a supprimé les filières et créé le « collège unique », mais les inégalités dans les parcours des élèves demeurent patentes. Les propositions faites par Louis Legrand se fondent sur les résultats de deux expérimentations de collèges sans filières, qu’il a pilotées dans les années soixante-dix alors qu’il dirigeait le service de la recherche à l’INRP. L’originalité des propositions comme des expérimentations tient à l’articulation entre la transformation structurelle de la répartition des élèves et la transformation des pratiques pédagogiques. Mais ces propositions supposent une évolution de la définition des services des enseignants et de leurs conditions de travail, ce qui suscite des oppositions.
Les essais et erreurs, ensemble : la pensée divergente et l’apprentissage collectif dans la mise en œuvre des réseaux intégrés de soins
Authors: Evans Jenna M. , Tsasis Peter , Grudniewicz Agnes
Published: September 2018

Les réseaux hybrides, qui relient des professionnels et des organisations divers et variés sont une façon d’offrir des soins intégrés aux patients. La littérature récente soutient que la bonne mise en œuvre de ces réseaux passe par une perspective socio-cognitive, dans laquelle les représentations mentales et les processus de pensée sont priorisés, étudiés et comparés. Le présent article a pour but d’identifier les points de divergence entre les façons de voir les choses chez les acteurs cliniques et managériaux concernés par la mise en œuvre des réseaux intégrés de soins connus sous le nom de « Maillons santé » (ou «  Health Links  », HL) en Ontario, au Canada, et de décrire les moyens d’améliorer la capacité des acteurs à apprendre de manière collective et à développer des points de vue plus convergents. Nous nous appuyons sur la théorie des modèles mentaux partagés et la théorie de l’apprentissage par la pratique pour effectuer une analyse secondaire des données d’entretiens réalisés auprès de 55 professionnels de la santé et autres cadres concernés par la mise en œuvre des Maillons santé. Nous avons épinglé des exemples de divergences dans la manière dont les acteurs conceptualisent le modèle et l’approche en ce qui concerne ces Maillons santé (« modèle mental de stratégie ») et leurs perceptions mutuelles et la manière dont ils travaillent ensemble (« modèle mental de relations »). Nous avons par ailleurs épinglé quatre stratégies qui facilitent l’apprentissage et, éventuellement, la convergence des modèles mentaux. Les résultats de l’étude devraient faciliter le dialogue entre les parties prenantes en faveur d’un apprentissage collectif et d’une action coordonnée dans le cadre de la prestation intégrée de soins. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Nos observations indiquent que dans la mise en œuvre d’un changement de grande envergure, faisant intervenir plusieurs groupes de parties prenantes, il existe des domaines prévisibles où des opinions divergentes sont susceptibles d’apparaître et d’avoir des effets négatifs sur la coordination des actions. Avoir conscience de ces divergences potentielles est un moyen d’amener les praticiens à les examiner de manière explicite et régulière, et à élaborer de manière proactive des stratégies destinées à favoriser l’apprentissage par la pratique et le développement d’une perspective convergente.
Antecedents and consequences of knowledge management performance: the role of IT infrastructure
Authors: Roldán José L. , Real Juan C. , Sánchez Ceballos Silvia
Published: September 2018

Purpose: In this paper, we assess the role of knowledge management (KM) practices as a key antecedent of KM performance. Also, we examine how Information technology (IT) infrastructure is used as a driver of KM performance, organizational performance and innovation. In addition, the effects of IT infrastructure can be indirect. Specifically, we show that KM performance is a mediator between organizational performance and innovation.Design/methodology/approach: Applying a variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS), we have carried out a study among a sample of 82 Andalusian technology-intensive innovative companies.Findings: First, KM practices and IT infrastructure are significant antecedents of KM performance. Second, KM performance has a direct influence on business performance and innovation outcomes. Third, IT infrastructure does not have a direct influence on business performance and innovation outcomes, but does have a significant indirect effect on them via KM performance.Practical implications: This research provides insights for why some firms may not be realizing benefits from investing in IT infrastructure. KM performance is strongly needed for the successful implementation of IT infrastructure in the organizations.Originality/value: The findings are important for practitioners and researchers because this study makes a contribution to the literature in KM by supporting the perspective that the business and organizational performance are function of the KM performance, a complementary resource through the value of IT infrastructure is enhanced.
Écrire sur le cinéma durant l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Abadie Karine
Published: September 2018

Cet article porte sur le développement d’une écriture au sujet du cinéma portée par une production textuelle proposée durant l’entre-deux-guerres par des écrivains français aussi variés qu’Alexandre Arnoux, Blaise Cendrars, Colette, André Delons, Jean Epstein, ou encore Jean Prévost. À un moment de son histoire où il gagne en popularité et est de plus en plus envisagé comme une forme artistique, les écrivains vont s’intéresser de près au cinéma afin de réfléchir sur son histoire présente, passée et à venir, prendre position quant à ses évolutions et proposer des avenues dans lesquelles ils aimeraient bien le voir s’engouffrer. Les discours développés par les écrivains n’apparaissent pas comme un bloc uniforme, mais on peut repérer en eux des caractéristiques communes, donnant à lire une véritable histoire parallèle du cinéma s’articulant autour d’une recherche de vocabulaire, d’images et de références adaptées. L’étude de ces discours nous permet de proposer l’ébauche d’une possible typologie de ce que nous avons appelé, après Mitry, la cinéologie.