bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global overview on current paediatric dentistry teaching: A survey of National Member Societies of the IAPD
Authors: Agouropoulos Andreas , Seymen Figen , Kupietzky Ari , Bönecker Marcelo
Published: June 2023

Background

Published information on the teaching and recognition of paediatric dentistry (PD) is limited worldwide.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the status of current teaching of undergraduate and postgraduate training in PD and identify differences by country‐level economic development.

Design

Representatives from 80 national member societies of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry (IAPD) were invited to complete a questionnaire on undergraduate and postgraduate PD curricula, types of postgraduate education offered, and recognition of the specialty. Country economic development level was classified according to the World Bank criteria. The chi‐squared test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analysis (α = 0.005).

Results

Response rate was 63%. Teaching of PD at the undergraduate level was present in all countries, but PD specialization, master's, and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) coursework were offered in 75%, 64%, and 53% of surveyed countries, respectively. Postgraduate specialization courses were offered in a significantly larger proportion of high‐income countries than in upper‐middle‐ or lower‐middle‐income countries (p < .01). In 20% of participating countries, PD was not an officially recognized specialty with no difference in recognition of the specialty by country's economic development level (p = .62).

Conclusion

Paediatric dentistry is taught at the undergraduate level universally, but at the postgraduate level, significantly fewer courses are available, especially in lower‐income countries.
Assessment of dental caries based on ICDAS and WHO criteria: A comparative study
Authors: Rai Amita , Sundas Sunanda , Dhakal Neha , Khapung Anju
Published: June 2023

Background

The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which measures the prevalence of caries based on the presence of cavitated caries lesions, is the most used dental caries index in epidemiological studies. Early diagnosis of noncavitated carious lesions enables preventive measures, which has the potential to prevent dental caries‐related morbidity and reduce the financial burden associated with restorative or rehabilitative dental care. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) incorporates both the cavitated and noncavitated carious lesions with acceptable reliability.

Aim

To compare dental caries prevalence based on ICDAS II and WHO criteria.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 362 children visiting People's Dental College and Hospital, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, Nepal to study dental caries prevalence based on the ICDAS II and WHO criteria.

Results

Among the study population, 290 (90.34%) and 169 (68.42%) children had dental caries in primary and permanent teeth according to the ICDAS II criteria, whereas according to WHO criteria, 267 (83.18%) and 107 (43.32%) had dental caries in primary and permanent teeth, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher (p < .001) according to ICDAS II criteria than the prevalence based on WHO criteria in both dentitions.

Conclusion

This study showed a significant difference in dental caries prevalence between the ICDAS II and WHO methods of caries diagnosis. The presence of noncavitated carious lesions was alarming. To enable detection of early/noncavitated carious lesions, ICDAS II rather than WHO criteria of caries diagnosis may be a more a valuable tool.
Sexuality as an Integral Part of the Church's Being and Mission
Authors: Musskopf André S.
Published: June 2023

The article draws on the experience of being part of the Reference Group on Human Sexuality and other debates on sexuality in the World Council of Churches to discuss the “Message of the 11th Assembly.” It makes explicit how issues of sexuality have been avoided and how they ground the understanding of theological perspectives and the church's being and mission. Finally, it presents alternatives to reclaim sexuality and make the movement of reconciliation grounded in a transformative and queer spirituality more concrete and truthful to people's lives – a sexy movement.
Caste or Christ?
Authors: Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2023

This article offers empirical research using qualitative methodology to identify the presence of the caste system in the Seventh‐day Adventist Church in South Asia. The findings are based on the interviews of ten participants aged 18 to 36 from at least four language groups: Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, and Malayalam. All the participants volunteered to participate in the study. Three among the ten did face‐to‐face interviews, and the remaining seven participants were interviewed online through the Zoom platform. The findings suggest a need to expose and eliminate the discrimination and shame caused by the caste system if the church is to remain faithful to Christ's teaching of equality among the human family.
RETRACTED: Amputation and limb salvage following endovascular and open surgery for the treatment of peripheral artery illnesses: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Guohua , Li Huipeng , Chen Baoxing , Guo Pengwei , Zhang Hua
Published: June 2023

A meta‐analysis investigation was executed to measure the outcome of endovascular surgery (ES) and open surgery (OS) for the management of peripheral artery diseases (PADs) on amputation and limb salvage (LS). A comprehensive literature inspection till February 2023 was applied and 3451 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 31 chosen investigations enclosed 19 948 individuals with PADs were in the chosen investigations' starting point, 8861 of them were utilising ES, and 11 087 were utilising OS. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilised to compute the value of the effect of ES and OS for the management of PADs on amputation and LS by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model. ES had significantly lower amputation (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68‐0.93, P = 0.005) compared with those with OS in individuals with PADs. No significant difference was found between ES and OS in 30‐day LS (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.64‐1.42, P = 0.81), 1‐year LS (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.81‐1.39, P = 0.68), and 3‐year LS (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.61‐1.19, P = 0.36) in individuals with PADs. ES had significantly lower amputation, 30‐day LS, 1‐year LS, and 3‐year LS compared with those with OS in individuals with PADs. However, care must be exercised when dealing with its values because of the low sample size of some of the nominated investigations for the meta‐analysis.
Manipulating mechanical properties of CaTiO3:Eu3+ flexible fiber membrane by fiber design
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Dehua , Lu Ye , Li Hebin , Liu Yangmo , Li Yuankun , Li Mingxiang , Meng Zifei , Chen Lixiang , Wang Hanbin , Ruan Keqing , Wang Xiaoxiong
Published: June 2023

Flexible inorganic functional materials have received extensive attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential application prospects. Among various flexible materials, ceramic fiber membranes have great application prospects due to their functional original structure. Unlike other materials, such as one‐dimensional flexible ice, two‐dimensional BaTiO3, and three‐dimensional α‐Ag2S, ceramic fiber membranes are high‐performance materials with a functional unit structure. In the field of electrospinning, electrospinning technology can effectively control the microstructure of ceramic fibers, allowing for multileveled structure design, such as ordered electrospinning technology and disordered electrospinning technology, which can effectively control the functional primitive structure. However, the mechanical behavior of these structures is still poorly understood. In this groundbreaking study, we investigated the functional original structure of CaTiO3:Eu3+ electrospinning fiber membranes from the bottom‐up and explored the effect of grain diameter ratio on mechanical behavior and studied the effect of Eu3+ ions on the luminescent properties of CaTiO3 functional fiber membranes. By controlling the electrospinning parameters and avoiding inherent mechanical property differences between the microcrystals, we realized the stress concentration design from the perspective of functional element structure. Our results show that the stress concentration design at the bottom of the multileveled structure significantly affects the overall mechanical behavior. This work proposes a new method to control the mechanical properties of inorganic functional ceramic fiber membranes through functional element structure design and provides the first bottom‐ordered regulation method, offering a new dimension for future research in this field.
Synthesis and anti‐parasites efficacy of coumarin derivatives against Dactylogyrus intermedius
Authors: Liu Guang‐Lu , Zhang Hui , Zhu Li‐Li , Liu Xu‐Dong , Liu Yan‐Jie , Chen Ya‐hong , Liu Lei , Hu Yang
Published: June 2023

Dactylogyrus is one of the most common parasitic diseases in fish and causes huge losses to the aquaculture industry. With the advantages of safety, low toxicity and easy degradation, plant‐derived drugs are ideal for the creation of green aquatic ingredients. The use of plant‐derived drugs in aquaculture is limited by their low content and high processing costs, which is a challenge that can be solved by the chemical synthesis of plant‐derived drugs. Eleven new coumarin derivatives were synthesized and assessed for their anthelmintic activity in this study. Among them, the derivative 7‐((1‐tosyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (N11) has good anthelmintic activity and its mean anthelmintic efficacy against D. intermedius at a concentration of 10 μM reached 99.84%, which is even better than the anthelmintic activity of the positive control mebendazole. Further studies showed that N11 had concentration values of 3.31 and 1.94 μM for 50% maximal effect (EC50) against D. intermedius at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that N11 caused damage to D. intermedius. What is more noteworthy is that a substantial reduction in the ATP content of the parasite was observed following in vitro and in vivo administration of N11. Moreover, it was also found that N11 was able to inhibit the horizontal transmission of D. intermedius. Furthermore, real‐time quantitative PCR analysis was utilized to determine the expression profile of genes associated with anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐10, TGF‐β and IL‐4) in goldfish. In all examined organs, it was observed that the expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines increased subsequent to treatment with N11, according to the results. Thus, these results all suggest that N11 possesses good anthelmintic activity and is a potentially effective agent for the control of D. intermedius.
Resilience of first‐line nurses during adaptation to theCOVID‐19 pandemic: A grounded theory study
Authors: Khatooni Marzieh , Ghorbani Azam , Momeni Maryam , Ghapanvari Fatemeh
Published: June 2023

Aim

Nurses are a vital resource in providing care to COVID‐19 patients. During adaptation to the pandemic, the mental health of nurses was disturbed. The present study aimed to explain the resilience development process and adaptive strategies of first‐line nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

This study was conducted based on the grounded theory qualitative approach. Twenty‐two Iranian first‐line nurses, who were employed in one teaching hospital in Qazvin city, were included via purposive and theoretical sampling. The data were collected through semi‐structured interviews and were analyzed based on the Corbin and Strauss approach 2015.

Results

The resilience development process of nurses had three stages including initial confrontation with changes, managing conditions and reorganizing, developing resilience. Professional commitment was identified as a core category that affected all stages of resilience development. Negative emotions, nurses' characteristics, and caring challenges were identified as contextual factors which affected the adaptation of nurses to the COVID‐19 pandemic and the development of resilience.

Conclusion

Regarding the importance of professional commitment in the nurses' resilience development and not leaving the profession in the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is important to emphasize the ethical values and principles of the nursing profession in practice and especially in the education of nursing students. It is necessary to monitor mental health and provide professional psychological counseling by the healthcare systems; also, nursing managers should follow a supportive leadership style and consider first‐line nurses' worries.
Cost‐related avoidance of oral health service utilization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals in Canada
Authors: Gupta Amit , Salway Travis , Jessani Abbas
Published: June 2023

Objectives

This study estimates the frequency of cost‐related oral health service avoidance (CROHSA) among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals in Canada relative to heterosexual persons.

Methods

Heterosexual and sexual minority individuals in Canada were compared using the national probability‐based Canadian Community Health Survey 2017–2018. Logistic regression was used to quantify associations between LGB status and CROHSA. Mediators were tested following Andersen's behavioral model of health service utilization and included partnership status, oral health status, presence of dental pain, educational attainment, insurance status, smoking status, general health status, and personal income.

Results

From our sample of 103,216 individuals, 34.8% of LGB individuals reported avoiding oral health care due to cost compared to 22.7% of heterosexual persons. Disparities were most pronounced among bisexual individuals (odds ratio [OR] 2.29 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42, 3.49). Disparities persisted despite adjustment for confounding using age, gender/sex, and ethnicity (OR 2.23 95% CI 1.42, 3.49). Disparities were fully mediated by eight hypothesized mediators namely, educational attainment, smoking status, partnership status, income, insurance status, oral health status, and the presence of dental pain (OR 1.69 95% CI 0.94, 3.03). In contrast, lesbian/gay individuals did not have elevated odds of experiencing CROHSA compared to heterosexual individuals (OR 1.27 95% CI 0.84, 1.92).

Conclusion

CROHSA is elevated for bisexual individuals relative to heterosexual individuals. Targeted interventions should be explored to improve oral healthcare access among this population. Future research should assess the role of minority stress and social safety on oral health inequities among sexual minority groups.
Unexpected discovery of a serpentinite‐hosted chemosynthetic ecosystem on Asùt Tesoru Seamount, Mariana Forearc
Authors: Chen Chong , Watanabe Hiromi Kayama , Sawada Hikaru , Iwamoto Hisanori , Takai Ken
Published: June 2023

Chemosynthetic ecosystems powered by microbial primary production are rare ‘hot spots’ of biological activity in the deep‐sea characterized by dense aggregations of specially adapted animal species. Among settings where such systems have been found, serpentinite‐hosted seep systems supported by alkaline geofluid are particularly understudied with just a few known sites worldwide. Mariana Forearc hosts the world's only series of active serpentinite mud volcanoes, but seep communities have only been reported from South Chamorro Seamount where large bathymodioline mussels dominate. Here, we report the discovery of a serpentinite‐hosted seep on the conical summit of Asùt Tesoru Seamount, Mariana Forearc. Named the ‘Big Blue Seep’, this field features white, likely carbonate crusts inhabited by animals, under which fluid seepage could be seen. We confirm 16 animal species, including typical seep‐associated fauna such as Desbruyeresia gastropods and Acharax awning‐clams. This is surprising as previous research expeditions did not notice any sign of chemosynthesis‐based ecosystems on this seamount, although the community is indeed difficult to spot due to the lack of large‐bodied epifauna such as mussels. The Big Blue Seep is adjacent to three drill holes made by the International Ocean Discovery Program expedition 366 (Holes U1496A‐C), which may have impact on seepage. Our findings represent the second chemosynthesis‐based ecosystem associated with serpentinite mud volcanism, suggestive of further such communities on other Mariana Forearc mud volcanoes.
Notes on excess entry theorem in a Kantian oligopoly
Authors: Nakamura Yasuhiko
Published: June 2023

This study revisits the excess entry theorem for quantity and price competition with substitutes and complements in a Kantian oligopoly. In such an oligopoly, we demonstrate that the equilibrium market outcomes are the same between the aforementioned two types of competition regimes with substitutes and complements, and in particular, each firm's equilibrium price and consumer surplus do not depend on the number of firms. Therefore, in quantity and price competition with substitutes and complements in a Kantian oligopoly, the excess entry theorem holds that the number of firms is larger under free entry than under the second‐best social optimality. Finally, in the two types of competition with substitutes and complements, we characterize the ranking orders of the number of firms between free entry and the second‐best social optimality in Kantian and Nashian oligopolies.
Quorum sensing signal synthases enhance Vibrio parahaemolyticus swarming motility
Authors: Liu Fuwen , Wang Fei , Yuan Yixuan , Li Xiaoran , Zhong Xiaojun , Yang Menghua
Published: June 2023

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant food‐borne pathogen that is found in diverse aquatic habitats. Quorum sensing (QS), a signaling system for cell–cell communication, plays an important role in V. parahaemolyticus persistence. We characterized the function of three V. parahaemolyticus QS signal synthases, CqsAvp, LuxMvp, and LuxSvp, and show that they are essential to activate QS and regulate swarming. We found that CqsAvp, LuxMvp, and LuxSvp activate a QS bioluminescence reporter through OpaR. However, V. parahaemolyticus exhibits swarming defects in the absence of CqsAvp, LuxMvp, and LuxSvp, but not OpaR. The swarming defect of this synthase mutant (termed Δ3AI) was recovered by overexpressing either LuxOvpD47A, a mimic of dephosphorylated LuxOvp mutant, or the scrABC operon. CqsAvp, LuxMvp, and LuxSvp inhibit lateral flagellar (laf) gene expression by inhibiting the phosphorylation of LuxOvp and the expression of scrABC. Phosphorylated LuxOvp enhances laf gene expression in a mechanism that involves modulating c‐di‐GMP levels. However, enhancing swarming requires phosphorylated and dephosphorylated LuxOvp which is regulated by the QS signals that are synthesized by CqsAvp, LuxMvp, and LuxSvp. The data presented here suggest an important strategy of swarming regulation by the integration of QS and c‐di‐GMP signaling pathways in V. parahaemolyticus.
Kidney outcomes and prognostic factors of myeloma associated acute kidney injury in the contemporary era
Authors: Ratnayake Chathri , Gibbs Simon Douglas John , Lee Darren
Published: June 2023

Myeloma cast nephropathy (MCN) has historically been associated with poor kidney outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the kidney outcomes and identify prognostic factors of myeloma‐associated acute kidney injury (M‐AKI) in the contemporary era of anti‐plasma cell therapy. Patients who received anti‐myeloma therapy with M‐AKI (January 2012 to June 2020) from a single centre were identified from electronic medical records. Diagnosis of MCN was either biopsy confirmed (BC) or clinically suspected (CS), the latter defined as acute kidney injury with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and involved serum free light chains (iSFLC) >500 mg/L at diagnosis. Twenty‐six patients with M‐AKI were identified (BC: n = 13, CS: n = 13). Median eGFR at diagnosis was 12 (interquartile range 6–20) mL/min/1.73 m2. All six dialysis‐requiring patients achieved dialysis independence after 71 (43–208) days. The best‐achieved eGFR was 47 (32–67) mL/min/1.73 m2 after 120 (63–167) days post‐treatment, which was maintained at 47 (33–66) mL/min/1.73 m2 12 months post‐treatment. Patients with best‐achieved eGFR above the median were more likely to have achieved an iSFLC of <20 mg/L (above median group 62% versus below median group 0%; p < .001) and lower best post‐treatment iSFLC (20 (12–90) versus 67 (29–146) mg/L; p < .05). Best‐achieved iSFLC was a prognostic factor for superior eGFR following treatment for M‐AKI. Despite low eGFR at diagnosis, contemporary anti‐myeloma therapy can achieve significant recovery of kidney function.
Insights into the neurobiology of suicidality: explicating the role of glutamatergic systems through the lens of ketamine
Authors: Can Adem Tevfik , Mitchell Jules Shamus , Dutton Megan , Bennett Maxwell , Hermens Daniel Francis , Lagopoulos Jim
Published: June 2023

Suicidality is a prevalent mental health condition, and managing suicidal patients is one of the most challenging tasks for health care professionals due to the lack of rapid‐acting, effective psychopharmacological treatment options. According to the literature, suicide has neurobiological underpinnings that are not fully understood, and current treatments for suicidal tendencies have considerable limitations. To treat suicidality and prevent suicide, new treatments are required; to achieve this, the neurobiological processes underlying suicidal behavior must be thoroughly investigated. Although multiple neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonergic systems, have been studied in the past, less has been reported in relation to disruptions in glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal plasticity, and neurogenesis that result from stress‐related abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system. Informed by the literature, which reports robust antisuicidal and antidepressive properties of subanaesthetic doses of ketamine, this review aims to provide an examination of the neurobiology of suicidality (and relevant mood disorders) with implications of pertinent animal, clinical, and postmortem studies. We discuss dysfunctions in the glutamatergic system, which may play a role in the neuropathology of suicidality and the role of ketamine in restoring synaptic connectivity at the molecular levels.
Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici infers inoculum relationships from Yunnan to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Yan Dongxue , Huang Liang , Xing Yun , Li Hongfu , Xia Chongjing , Wang Aolin , Gao Li , Liu Taiguo , Chen Wanquan
Published: June 2023

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is an important cereal fungal disease worldwide, including in the major wheat‐producing areas in China. In 2019, there was a widespread epidemic of the disease in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) area, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and Guangxi. However, in north‐western China, the postulated inoculum source of MLRYR, disease occurred mildly. Therefore, the origin of the Pst inoculum source for the MLRYR epidemic is still an open question. To address it, we collected 210 Pst uredinium samples from the Yangtze River basin and analysed their genetic structure with 13 pairs of simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers that we coupled with an upper airflow trajectory analysis. Our results suggest that the autumn inoculum sources of wheat stripe rust in MLRYR in 2019 probably came from south‐western over‐summering areas of Pst through long‐distance migration. We also found that Jingzhou and adjacent areas in Hubei Province function as an important bridge or stopover for inoculum sources.
Trends in reported illness due to poultry‐ and nonpoultry associated Salmonella serotypes; United States 1996–2019
Authors: Powell Mark R.
Published: June 2023

Retrospective review is a key to designing effective food safety measures. Despite the reported reduction of Salmonella prevalence in poultry products, there has not been a concomitant reduction of the overall incidence of Salmonella illnesses reported to the US Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) since 1996. However, there have been significant annual trends among Salmonella serotypes. This analysis examines trends in the reported incidence of illness due to poultry‐ and nonpoultry associated Salmonella serotypes. Overall, the findings indicate declining trends in illness due to the poultry‐associated serotypes and increasing trends in illness due to Salmonella serotypes not associated with poultry.
The Iconicity Ring Hypothesis Bridges the Gap Between Symbol Grounding and Linguistic Relativity
Authors: Imai Mutsumi , Akita Kimi
Published: June 2023

Kemmerer captured the drastic change in theories of word meaning representations, contrasting the view that word meaning representations are amodal and universal, with the view that they are grounded and language‐specific. However, he does not address how language can be simultaneously grounded and language‐specific. Here, we approach this question from the perspective of language acquisition and evolution. We argue that adding a new element—iconicity—is critically beneficial and offer the iconicity ring hypothesis, which explains how language‐specific, secondary iconicity might emerge from biologically grounded and universally shared iconicity in the course of language acquisition and evolution.
Corrigendum: On a problem of Lang for matrix polynomials
Authors: Ostafe Alina
Published: June 2023

This note is a corrigendum to the author's paper “On a Problem of Lang for Matrix Polynomials, Bull. London Math. Soc. 54 (2022), 1552–1567”.
Natural Disasters in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte: A Summary of Events Occurred in the Rainfall Period of 2019/2020
Authors: Silva Denise De Fátima Santos da , Parisi Maria Giovana , Silva Elaine Aparecida Santos da , Silva Guilherme Andrade Ranier
Published: June 2023

This article presents a summary and analysis of the consequences on the latest disasters that occurred in Minas Gerais, especially in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH). The databases used in this study were the bulletins from the main bodies that manage water resources and natural disasters in the state of Minas Gerais, such as Civil Defense, CEMADEN, IGAM and CEPEDUFSC. It is worth mentioning that the cities of Belo Horizonte, Ibirité and Florestal were the holders of pluviometry records in the rainy period of 2019/2020 and therefore, carry the largest numbers with regard to material damage (Ibirité) and the deaths (Belo Horizonte). Nevertheless, it is important to highlight the significant number of injured, sick and homeless people due to the bad weather in Contagem. It is known that the RMBH has a vast history of events related to natural disasters and bottlenecks regarding urban planning. Therefore, the identification of these risk areas is a very important tool for mapping vulnerable locations and drawing concrete action plans aimed at neutralizing events, strengthening the city’s urban infrastructure and mainly preserving lives.
Ecología integral: una mirada sistémica de cara a la problemática ambiental actual
Authors: Ramírez González Alberto
Published: June 2023

La ecología surgió como ciencia a finales del siglo XIX al escindirse de la biología y definir un objeto de estudio específico relativo a la relación de los seres vivos con su entorno. Debido a la degradación del medio físico y a la destrucción de los ecosistemas naturales por acción de la especie humana durante el siglo XX, en las últimas décadas el estudio de la ecología ha tenido lugar bajo otras ciencias y disciplinas relativas a los subsistemas físicos, bióticos y sociales. Esto ha demandado de la disciplina una mirada inter- y transdisciplinar, necesaria para analizar de forma coligada la complejidad de la biósfera, dando así origen a la ecología integral. Este libro aborda el papel que desempeñan las distintas disciplinas en esta ciencia naciente, a la vez que expone los problemas ambientales más delicados que debe afrontar la humanidad durante el siglo XXI
Las escuelas de artes y oficios en Colombia 1860-1960. Volumen 2. Bajo el signo de la máquina
Authors: Mayor Alberto , Quiñones Aguilar Ana Cielo , Barrera Jurado Gloria Stella , Trejos Celis Juliana
Published: June 2023

En las últimas décadas del siglo XIX y las primeras del siglo XX en Colombia, empezó un fenómeno de modernización que implicó el paso de una visión rural a una urbana de nación. Esto demandó transformaciones y la creación de nuevos servicios para enriquecer y dinamizar esta incipiente empresa, de la que surgieron las escuelas de artes y oficios. Estas instituciones fueron creadas por comunidades religiosas a lo largo y ancho del país, a las que, por su condición doctrinaria y de servicio, se les encomendó la tarea de enfrentar lo que en su momento se denominó como “la creciente delincuencia”. Este segundo volumen de Las escuelas de artes y oficios en Colombia se ocupa precisamente del diálogo enriquecido por el saber que permitieron estas escuelas, aquel en el que se tenía la convicción de la igualdad como motor de la creación y que se fue levantando con una admirable vocación.
Effects of echo phase on bottlenose dolphin jittered-echo detection
Authors: Finneran James J. , Strahan Madelyn G. , Mulsow Jason , Houser Dorian S.
Published: June 2023

The ability of bottlenose dolphins to detect changes in echo phase was investigated using a jittered-echo paradigm. The dolphins' task was to produce a conditioned vocalization when phantom echoes with fixed echo delay and phase changed to those with delay and/or phase alternated (“jittered”) on successive presentations. Conditions included: jittered delay plus constant phase shifts, ±45° and 0°–180° jittered phase shifts, alternating delay and phase shifts, and random echo-to-echo phase shifts. Results showed clear sensitivity to echo fine structure, revealed as discrimination performance reductions when jittering echo fine structures were similar, but envelopes were different, high performance with identical envelopes but different fine structure, and combinations of echo delay and phase jitter where their effects cancelled. Disruption of consistent echo fine structure via random phase shifts dramatically increased jitter detection thresholds. Sensitivity to echo fine structure in the present study was similar to the cross correlation function between jittering echoes and is consistent with the performance of a hypothetical coherent receiver; however, a coherent receiver is not necessary to obtain the present results, only that the auditory system is sensitive to echo fine structure.
In-channel cancellation: A model of early auditory processing
Authors: de Cheveigné Alain
Published: June 2023

A model of early auditory processing is proposed in which each peripheral channel is processed by a delay-and-subtract cancellation filter, tuned independently for each channel with a criterion of minimum power. For a channel dominated by a pure tone or a resolved partial of a complex tone, the optimal delay is its period. For a channel responding to harmonically related partials, the optimal delay is their common fundamental period. Each peripheral channel is thus split into two subchannels—one that is cancellation-filtered and the other that is not. Perception can involve either or both, depending on the task. The model is illustrated by applying it to the masking asymmetry between pure tones and narrowband noise: a noise target masked by a tone is more easily detectable than a tone target masked by noise. The model is one of a wider class of models, monaural or binaural, that cancel irrelevant stimulus dimensions to attain invariance to competing sources. Similar to occlusion in the visual domain, cancellation yields sensory evidence that is incomplete, thus requiring Bayesian inference of an internal model of the world along the lines of Helmholtz's doctrine of unconscious inference.
Search for dark sector by repurposing the UVX Brazilian synchrotron
Authors: Duarte L. , Lin L. , Lindner M. , Kozhuharov V. , Kuleshov S. V. , de Jesus A. S. , Queiroz F. S. , Villamizar Y. , Westfahl H.
Published: June 2023

We propose the first Search for Dark Sector at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, site of Sirius, a fourth-generation storage ring. We show that UVX, Sirius predecessor, can be a promising dark sector detector, SeDS, with unprecedented sensitivity. The search is based on a $$1-3$$

1
-
3

 GeV positron beam impinging on a thick target leading the $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow \gamma A'$$

e
+

e
-

→
γ

A
′

reaction, followed by a missing mass spectrum event reconstruction. We show that SeDS has the potential to probe dark photons with masses up to 55 MeV and kinetic coupling down to $$\epsilon ^2 \sim 10^{-12}$$

ϵ
2

∼

10

-
12

. Therefore, such experiment would constitute the best dark photon probe worldwide in the $$10{-}55$$

10
-
55

 MeV mass range, being able to probe an unexplored region of parameter space.
A Survey on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Filters; Design Challenges and Miniaturizing Techniques for the 5G
Authors: Bhat Zahid A. , Sheikh Javaid A. , Rehman Raqeebur , Khan Sharief D. , Bashir Ishfaq , Ashraf Shazia
Published: June 2023

It is believed that the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology represents the emergent and the most favorable contender for the advancement of the antennas, filters and the other circuit elements operational in the region of microwave as well as the millimeter wave frequencies. SIW layouts offer the advantages of the cost-effective integration of traditional transmission lines and retain the benefits of the classical metallic waveguides, in particular high-quality factors, low losses and the large power handling capability with the self-sufficient electrical shielding. In this paper, a review of the fundamental and operational theory of the SIWs has been discussed and presented. Moreover, the challenges and design considerations in terms of microwave and millimeter filters, the different miniaturization techniques and the most important; its application and implementation for the next-generation 5G communications and beyond has been presented.
An Advanced Ultracapacitor SOC Concept to Increase Battery Life Span of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Jain Vaibhav
Published: June 2023

The lifecycle of the battery is mostly exaggerated by the overall energy throughput speed, accumulated heat, and rapid utilization. The adequate utilization and operation of the battery are improved in the flexibility range by the permutation of the battery and the ultracapacitor in the electric vehicle. The overall system performance is determined by the energy management system which plays a significant part in dual-energy storage systems. The major intent of this research is to enhance the performance of electric vehicles which is achieved by maintaining the charge of depleting and charge of sustaining level in the battery and the state of charge in the ultracapacitor. The proposed method controls the state of charge of the battery and the ultracapacitor to make sure the availability of charge throughout the complete settling rate of the battery in the electric vehicle. To attain this condition, the dual converter-based two-stage Artificial Neural Network is initialized. In the first stage of the Artificial Neural Network, the charge sustained in the ultracapacitor is controlled during acceleration which completely depends on the velocity of the vehicles. In contrast to that, in the second stage of the Artificial Neural Network, charge depleting in the UC is trained by connectionless with varying vehicle velocities at deceleration rates. The production and investigation of parameters are not effectively optimized using conventional methods hence the herding and howling characters are combined together and proposed energetic and problem-solving optimization-based metaheuristic algorithm that efficiently tunes the parameters. The SOC rate of the battery for three driving cycles using the proposed method follows FTP75 71.309% at 2474th s and J1015 attained 90.840% at 660th s and the UDDS attained 81.647%. The SOC rate of the Ultracapacitor for three driving cycles using the proposed method follows FTP75 63.518% at 2474 s, J1015 attained 69.332% at 660 s and UDDs attained 67.049%.

The experimental arrangement is executed in MATLAB-Simulink. The state of charge of the battery and the ultracapacitors for the varying drive cycles as FTP75, J1015, and UDDS are experimentally validated and verified with the prevailing methods. The developed method reveals better performance for enhancing the lifespan of the power storeroom system in electric vehicles.
Layout Cross-Browser Failure Classification for Mobile Responsive Design Web Applications: Combining Classification Models Using Feature Selection
Authors: Watanabe Willian Massami , dos Santos Danilo Alves , de Oliveira Claiton
Published: June 2023

Cross-browser incompatibilities (XBIs) are defined as inconsistencies that can be observed in Web applications when they are rendered in a specific browser compared to others. These inconsistencies are associated with differences in the way each browser implements its capabilities and renders Web applications. The inconsistencies range from minor layout differences to lack of core functionalities of Web applications when rendered in specific browsers. The state of the art proposes different approaches for detecting XBIs and many of them are based on classification models, using features extracted from the document object model (DOM) structure (DOM-based approaches) and screenshots (computer vision approaches) of Web applications. To the best of our knowledge, a comparison between DOM-based and computer vision classification models has not yet been reported in the literature, and a combination between both approaches could possibly lead to increased accuracy of classification models. In this article, we extend the use of these classification models for detecting layout XBIs in responsive design Web applications, rendered on different browser viewport widths and devices (iPhone 12 mini, iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Pro Max, and Pixel XL). We investigate the use of state-of-the-art classification models (Browserbite, CrossCheck, and our previous work) for detecting layout cross-browser failures, which consist of layout XBIs that negatively affect the layout of responsive design Web applications. Furthermore, we propose an enhanced classification model that combines features from different state-of-the-art classification models (DOM based and computer vision) using feature selection. We built two datasets for evaluating the efficacy of classification models in separately detecting external and internal layout failures using data from 72 responsive design Web applications. The proposed classification model reported the highest F1-score for detecting external layout failures (0.65) and internal layout failures (0.35), and these results reported significant differences compared to Browserbite and CrossCheck classification models. Nevertheless, the experiment showed a lower accuracy in the classification of internal layout failures and suggests the use of other image similarity metrics or deep learning models for increasing the efficacy of classification models.
Collapsing the Tower—On the Complexity of Multistage Stochastic IPs
Authors: Klein Kim-Manuel , Reuter Janina
Published: June 2023

In this article, we study the computational complexity of solving a class of block structured integer programs (IPs), the so-called multistage stochastic IPs. A multistage stochastic IP is an IP of the form min {
c
T
x
|
Ax
=
b
,
x
≥ 0,
x
integral} where the constraint matrix

\({A}\)

consists of small block matrices ordered on the diagonal line, and for each stage there are larger blocks with few columns connecting the blocks in a treelike fashion. Over the past few years there was enormous progress in the area of block structured IPs. For many of the known block IP classes, such as
n
-fold, tree-fold, and two-stage stochastic IPs, nearly matching upper and lower bounds are known concerning their computational complexity. One of the major gaps that remained, however, was the parameter dependency in the running time for an algorithm solving multistage stochastic IPs. Previous algorithms require a tower of
t
exponentials, where
t
is the number of stages. In contrast, only a double exponential lower bound was known based on the exponential time hypothesis. In this article, we show that the tower of
t
exponentials is actually not necessary. We show an improved running time of

\(2^{(d\Vert A \Vert _\infty)^{\mathcal {O}(d^{3t+1})}} \cdot rn\log ^{\mathcal {O}(2^d)}(rn)\)

for the algorithm solving multistage stochastic IPs, where
d
is the sum of columns in the connecting blocks and
rn
is the number of rows. Hence, we obtain the first bound by an elementary function for the running time of an algorithm solving multistage stochastic IPs. In contrast to previous works, our algorithm has only a triple exponential dependency on the parameters and only doubly exponential for every constant
t
. By this, we come very close to the known double exponential bound that holds already for two-stage stochastic IPs, i.e., multistage stochastic IPs with two stages.

The improved running time of the algorithm is based on new bounds for the proximity of multistage stochastic IPs. The idea behind the bound is based on generalization of a structural lemma originally used for two-stage stochastic IPs. While the structural lemma requires iteration to be applied to multistage stochastic IPs, our generalization directly applies to inherent combinatorial properties of multiple stages. Already a special case of our lemma yields an improved bound for the Graver complexity of multistage stochastic IPs.
TyBox: An Automatic Design and Code Generation Toolbox for TinyML Incremental On-Device Learning
Authors: Pavan Massimo , Ostrovan Eugeniu , Caltabiano Armando , Roveri Manuel
Published: June 2023

Incremental on-device learning is one of the most relevant and interesting challenges in the field of Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML). Indeed, differently from traditional TinyML solutions where the training is typically carried out on the Cloud and inference only occurs on the tiny devices (e.g., embedded systems or Internet-of-Things units), incremental on-device TinyML allows both the inference and the training of TinyML models directly on tiny devices.

This ability paves the way for TinyML-enabled intelligent devices that can learn directly on the field and adapt to evolving environments, different working conditions, or specific users. The literature in this field is quite limited with very few solutions focusing only on the incremental fine-tuning of machine learning models, whereas a general solution encompassing algorithms and code generation for incremental on-device TinyML is still perceived as missing.

The aim of this article is to introduce, to the best of our knowledge for the first time in the literature, a toolbox called
TyBox
for the automatic design and code generation of incremental on-device TinyML classification models. In more detail, starting from a “static” TinyML model, TyBox is able to (i) automatically design the “incremental” on-device version of the TinyML model that has been suitably designed to take into account the technological constraint on the RAM memory of the target tiny device, and (ii) autonomously provide the C++ codes and libraries to support the inference and learning of the incremental on-device TinyML model directly on the tiny devices.

TyBox has been extensively compared with a state-of-the-art incremental learning solution for TinyML and tested on an off-the-shelf tiny device (i.e., the Arduino Nano 33 BLE) in three relevant TinyML application tasks and scenarios: binary image classification, multi-class image classification, and ultra-wide-band human activity recognition. In addition, TyBox is released to the scientific community as a public repository.
ProtFe: Low-Cost Secure Power Side-Channel Protection for General and Custom FeFET-Based Memories
Authors: Li Taixin , Sun Boran , Zhong Hongtao , Xu Yixin , Narayanan Vijaykrishnan , Shi Liang , Wang Tianyi , Yu Yao , Kämpfe Thomas , Ni Kai , Yang Huazhong , Li Xueqing
Published: June 2023

Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors (FeFETs) have spurred increasing interest in both memories and computing applications, thanks to their CMOS compatibility, low-power operation, and high scalability. However, new security threats to the FeFET-based memories also arise. A major threat is the power analysis side-channel attack (P-SCA), which exploits the power traces of the memory access to obtain data information. There have been several effective efforts on resistive nonvolatile memories (NVMs), but they fail to meet the requirements for secure FeFET-based memories due to the different capacitive FeFETs load. Directly applying these existing countermeasures to the P-SCA protection for FeFETs induces huge challenges, especially for the balance between power side-channel resistance and corresponding overheads.

To address this issue, we leverage the unique features of FeFETs and propose
ProtFe
, namely the protection methods for FeFET-based memories, including the pipelined multi-step write strategy (
PiMWrite
) and the split array design (
SpA
).
PiMWrite
is proposed for general FeFET-based memories, and inserts specially designed intermediate states to mitigate information leakage with pipelined steps to reduce overheads.
SpA
is proposed for custom FeFET-based memories, and simultaneously writes two split portions of the array with shared minimized peripherals to go beyond the balance between security and overheads. Simulation results show that
PiMWrite
expands the search space of a single power trace to 21× and involves nearly zero hardware penalties.
SpA
presents 33× search space improvement with negligible latency, 0.6% area, and only 7.1% energy overhead.
ProtFe
achieves improved balance between security and overheads, compared with the state-of-the-art works.
Towards Practical Binary Code Similarity Detection: Vulnerability Verification via Patch Semantic Analysis
Authors: Yang Shouguo , Xu Zhengzi , Xiao Yang , Lang Zhe , Tang Wei , Liu Yang , Shi Zhiqiang , Li Hong , Sun Limin
Published: June 2023

Vulnerability is a major threat to software security. It has been proven that binary code similarity detection approaches are efficient to search for recurring vulnerabilities introduced by code sharing in binary software. However, these approaches suffer from high false-positive rates (FPRs) since they usually take the patched functions as vulnerable, and they usually do not work well when binaries are compiled with different compilation settings.

To this end, we propose an approach, named
Robin
, to confirm recurring vulnerabilities by filtering out patched functions.
Robin
is powered by a lightweight symbolic execution to solve the set of function inputs that can lead to the vulnerability-related code. It then executes the target functions with the same inputs to capture the vulnerable or patched behaviors for patched function filtration. Experimental results show that
Robin
achieves high accuracy for patch detection across different compilers and compiler optimization levels respectively on 287 real-world vulnerabilities of 10 different software. Based on accurate patch detection,
Robin
significantly reduces the false-positive rate of state-of-the-art vulnerability detection tools (by 94.3% on average), making them more practical.
Robin
additionally detects 12 new potentially vulnerable functions.