bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnicity, age, and education influence perceptions of vegetable healthiness and macronutrient content
Authors: Aram McKenna , Smallman Rachel , Fields Sherecce A. , Larez Arianna , Glantz Namino , Kerr David
Published: November 2021

Objective: To assess perceptions of nutritional content and health value of popular vegetables. Design: Cross-sectional online survey. Participants: A total of 760 adults participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Likert scale ratings of healthy, calories, carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, for (i) avocado, (ii) romaine lettuce, (iii) white potato, (iv) white onion, and (v) red tomato. Analysis: ANOVAs for continuous variables and Chi-square for categorical variables. Outcomes for nutritional content were compared using separate one-way ANOVAs with ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino vs. non-Hispanic); education (college degree/no college degree); age (18–34, 35–50, 51–70, 70 + ); and diabetes status (with or without diabetes) as the grouping variables. Results: Significant ethnicity effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, onion, and tomato. Education level effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, and tomato. Age level effects were found for avocado, lettuce, potato, and tomato. Conclusions and Implications: Participant perceptions of the macronutrient content of common vegetables and fruits largely coincided with the US Department of Agriculture values. However, stratifying by ethnicity, age, and education revealed significant differences in both macronutrient perceptions and perceived healthiness. There were no consistent, significant results for interactions of ethnicity by education, nor ethnicity by age. These results suggest that dietary interventions may need to be adjusted based on participant sociodemographic characteristics linked to the perceptions of nutritional value and healthiness.
The university and the city: Spaces of risk, decolonisation, and civic disruption
Authors: McNeill Donald , Mossman Michael , Rogers Dallas , Tewdwr-Jones Mark
Published: November 2021

This paper responds to a recent EPA Exchanges paper by Eric Knight, Andrew Jones and Meric Gertler ( Knight et al., 2021 ). It concurs with their argument for the significance of economic geography for explaining the “local-global” dilemmas facing the university in contemporary society. In response, it will propose three additional optics for understanding the role of the university in the contemporary city. First, as a space of risk, where the neo-liberal university is now undertaking various modes of financing their real estate models, drawing on bond markets to finance future growth, soliciting politically risky philanthropic donations, and betting on future student recruitment trends – including the high-risk international student sector – as being sufficient to fund capital investments in buildings and facilities. Second, as a space of decolonisation, where the university must seek to locate campus development within discussions about the university's responsibilities within systems of settler colonialism, and racially inflected gentrification. Third, as a civic disruptor, where the university campus is seen as more than just a backdrop or context to the university's governance, culture, and business models, but also as a front door to understanding the city and economy within which it is embedded.
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and clinical outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Chang Dongyuan , Xu Xiao , Yang Zhikai , Ma Tiantian , Nie Jing , Dong Jie
Published: November 2021

Background:

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut bacteria-derived metabolite of l-carnitine and choline. A high concentration of TMAO has been proven to relate to cardiovascular disease (CVD), all-cause mortality and chronic kidney disease progression. We aimed to investigate the relation between the value of serum TMAO and outcomes for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Methods:

This is a prospective cohort study with data retrospectively analysed. All incident PD patients were enrolled and followed up. Log-rank test, competing risk survival analysis and COX regression were performed to test the effect of serum TMAO on developing first-episode peritonitis, all-cause and CVD mortality.

Results:

A wide distribution of serum TMAO concentration was observed in 513 PD patients, with a median level of 72.3 (43.7, 124.7) µmol/L. Patients with lower TMAO concentration were more likely to be without diabetes and hypertension. Patients with lower TMAO concentration showed better residual kidney function and solute clearance at baseline. Participants in the higher three TMAO quartiles showed an increased risk for first-episode peritonitis ( p = 0.039). By competing risk survival analysis, after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, CVD, body mass index, albumin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, potassium, phosphorus, residual kidney function, normalised protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance and calendar year of catheter implantation, patients in the higher three TMAO quartiles had a statistically or marginally higher risk for first-episode peritonitis compared with patients in the lowest quartile, with hazard ratio (HR) 1.65 (1.05, 2.58), 1.46 (0.92, 2.31) and 1.66 (1.05, 2.61), respectively. In the COX model, patients in the third quartile TMAO group had significantly higher CVD mortality risk compared with the lowest quartile group, as HR 2.27 (1.02, 5.05) after adjusting for various factors. As for all-cause mortality, TMAO did not show any associated effects.

Conclusions:

Serum TMAO concentration is associated with the risk of first-episode peritonitis and CVD mortality in PD patients. No obvious association between serum TMAO and all-cause mortality was observed.
Illusion and Non-Identity Thinking in Nietzsche’s Critical Theory
Authors: Grollios Vasilis
Published: November 2021

The paper attempts to bring to the fore the radical character of Nietzsche’s critical theory. It argues that behind Nietzsche’s consideration of suffering lies both a critique of one-dimensional mass culture and fetishism, and a theory of alienation that is much closer to Marx’s critique of alienation in capitalism than is usually believed. Uniquely, it will also support the idea that Nietzsche holds a theory of a dialectics between content and form, that is of non-identity thinking, very similar to that of the first generation of the Frankfurt School, and will attempt to connect it to an attempt to doubt the core values sustaining capitalism.
‘Dances with Daffodils’: Life as a Flower-picker in Southwest England
Authors: Manolchev Constantine , Ivan
Published: November 2021

Physically demanding and low-paid, work in the agri-food sector has been described in the literature as equal measures precarious and exploitative. In order to investigate the everyday realities of a flower-picker’s job, we trace Ivan’s journey from a Bulgarian university to the daffodil fields of Cornwall, UK. Following two rounds of successful promotions, Ivan’s work is no longer governed by the seasonal rhythms of the flower-picking industry. However, as a welfare manager, he now faces hidden and open resistance from other migrant pickers whose work he oversees. Speaking to us at the height of the picking season and having worked seven days a week for months, Ivan is struggling. He has no time to complete his application to remain in the UK and is becoming mindful of the gap between the expectations placed on him by his employer, and the recompense offered in return.
Decoupling control of active suspension and four-wheel steering based on Backstepping-ADRC with mechanical elastic wheel
Authors: Xu Han , Zhao Youqun , Wang Qiuwei , Lin Fen , Pi Wei
Published: November 2021

Mechanical elastic wheel (MEW) has the advantages of explosion-proof and prick-proof, which is conducive to the safety and maneuverability of the vehicle. However, the research on the performance of the full vehicle equipped with MEW is rare. Considering the particular properties of the radial and cornering stiffness of MEW, this paper aims to take into account both ride comfort and yaw stability of the vehicle equipped with the MEW through a nonlinear control method. Firstly, a 9-DOF nonlinear full vehicle model with the MEW tire model is constructed. The tire model is fitted based on experimental data, which corrects the impacts of vertical load on the cornering characteristic of the MEW. Then the full vehicle system is decoupled into four subsystems with a single input and a single output each according to active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) technology. In this process, the coupling relationship between different motions of the original system is regarded as the disturbance. Afterward, a novel nonlinear extended state observer is proposed, which has a similar structure of traditional linear extended state observer but smaller estimation error. Next, the control law of Backstepping-ADRC for different subsystems are derived respectively based on the Lyapunov theory. For the first time, the Backstepping-ADRC method is applied to the decoupling control of four-wheel steering and active suspension systems. Furthermore, the parameters of the controllers are adjusted through a multi-objective optimization scheme. Finally, simulation results validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller, especially when encountering some disturbances. The indices of vehicle body attitude and ride comfort are improved significantly, and also the yaw stability is guaranteed simultaneously.
State-of-the-art review on laser cladding process as an in-situ repair technique
Authors: Raj Dhiraj , Maity Saikat R , Das Bipul
Published: November 2021

The present work reviews the laser cladding process as a repairing technique and the conventional repairing techniques and different heat source models. In this review work, the authors have tried to address the various traditional methods studied for repairing and surface modification. The dominantly used heat source model for numerical modelling of the repairing techniques and the mechanism of the laser cladding process, along with its advantages over the conventional repairing techniques, is also reviewed. This paper also focuses on the predominantly used laser of high power for the cladding process and the effect of process parameters on the quality of the clad layer. The different materials used as clad materials for repairing purposes during the laser cladding process have also been discussed briefly. In this paper, the authors have surveyed literature from different regions of the globe and considered the literature since 1969. This review discusses the various conventional repairing techniques used for repairing, heat source model, process parameters, and different materials used in the laser cladding process. The authors have also briefed the advantages, disadvantages, and application in each of the sections. The use of laser cladding for in-situ repairing process, development of a precise model, use of low-power laser, and application of laser cladding for actual engineering components was also considered in future research work.
A new method to identify rotor–stator rubbing positions based on intrinsic time scale decomposition
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Chen Wangying , Wang Jinglin , Cong Haonan
Published: November 2021

To effectively identify the rotor–stator rubbing positions in aero-engine, the paper has proposed the combination of intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD) and classification algorithm. Regarding that with larger noise component in proper rotation component (PRC) signals after ITD, it will be more difficult to extract the characteristic information of rubbing faults, the PRC correspondings to the largest noise was eliminated. Meanwhile, signals were reconstructed based on residual proper rotation components, and positions of rubbing faults were identified according to the reconstructed signal. As rubbing extent and other factors cannot be completely the same in each rubbing, energy of reconstructed signal has been normalized to reduce the difference. Normalized energy indexes were inputted into classification algorithm as feature vectors to identify the positions of rubbing faults. To identify the superiority of approach, a comparison has been made between the proposed approach and the method of directly extracting normalized energy indexes of acceleration signals. The result of comparison shows that the two methods both work well in the identification rate of training and test samples; as for the identification rate for an unknown sample, the proposed method is superior to the other, with identification rate increasing by 17% and 9.4%.
Experimental and analytical investigation of impact dampers in free vibration reduction with coulomb friction
Authors: Safaeifar Hossein , Farshidianfar Anooshirvan
Published: November 2021

The presence of vibration in structures and machines can establish failures and reduce the efficiency. Passive dampers have been used extensively for vibration control because of their simple concept. One of these dampers is impact damper (ID). Impact dampers are suitable to operate in harsh environments and effective over a wide range of frequencies. In this paper, the experimental and theoretical investigation on the effect of the ID in free vibration of a cantilever beam is done. The lateral motion of the free end of the cantilever beam is modeled as one degree of freedom (1-DOF) system. The motion of the 1-DOF system equipped with the ID with Coulomb friction is studied analytically. Free vibration of cantilever beam investigated experimentally. The experimental results are presented and discussed. The damping inclination of the ID in various experimental and theoretical studies is proposed. The results show the validation between the experimental and the theoretical studies.
Photostrictive effect in 1-3 composites of photovoltaic and piezoelectric phases: A numerical study
Authors: Singh Diwakar , Sharma Saurav , Kumar Rajeev , Chauhan Vishal S , Vaish Rahul
Published: November 2021

Coalesce of photovoltaic effect with converse piezoelectric effect will turn into a photostrictive phenomenon. The current study conceptualizes a 1-3 photostrictive composite consists of a photovoltaic polymer as matrix and fibers of piezoelectric material. The proposed artificial photostrictive composite is capable of replacing lead-based naturally occurring photostrictive material, not only opening a potential for new applications but also caters to tailor the desired properties. Present study employs poly{4,8-bis[5-(2-ethyl-hexyl)thiophen-2-yl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b] thiophene-4,6-diyl} (PTB7-Th) as organic photovoltaic polymer and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-35PT) as the fibers. A representative volume element technique (RVE) is employed to embrace the local variation of multi-physics properties. The actuation response of cantilever and simply supported beam bonded to photostrictive composite patch is accurately predicted by finite element method, while discretizing the structure with degenerated shell element. Photostrictive composite with 60% volume fraction of fibers, arranged in square pattern have deflected the cantilever tip to 1.95 mm. Therefore, we provide 1-3 photostrictive composite as a solution for future wireless and lightweight vibration control applications.
A simplified analytical model to simulate martensite reorientation and plasticity in shape memory alloy ring couplers
Authors: Niccoli Fabrizio , Giovinco Valentina , Garion Cedric , Maletta Carmine , Chiggiato Paolo
Published: November 2021

Recent studies on Shape Memory Alloy rings have been undertaken at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) to develop smart and leak-tight couplers for Ultra High Vacuum systems of particle accelerators. A special thermo-mechanical process (training) is needed to provide SMA rings with proper functional properties, that is to allow thermal mounting, dismounting, and leak tight coupling within a given service temperature window. Low temperature ring expansion is a crucial part of the training process as it gives suitable size, shape recovery properties, and thermal stability range to the SMA element. An analytical model, based on simplified elastic-plastic axisymmetric concepts, has been developed and implemented in a commercial software to simulate isothermal SMA rings expansions. It is particularly useful to predict the final size of a martensitic SMA coupler as a function of the initial dimensions and of the pre-deformation parameters. The effectiveness of the model has been demonstrated by analyzing the stress/deformation field occurring in a wide range of ring geometries for different load cases including martensite reorientation and plasticity. The predictions of the analytical model have been systematically compared with those obtained by axisymmetric finite element (FE) analyses based on elastic-plastic constitutive models and experimental measurements.
Asbestos Removal Acceleration for New Jobs and Fossil Fuel Use Reduction for Public Health and Climate Readiness: A Contribution to the Revival of the Italian Economy Post-COVID-19
Authors: Angelini Alessia , Silvestri Stefano
Published: November 2021

The Italian economy has been battered by the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. European Union and Italian government economic recovery funds will provide special economic recovery loans aimed toward energy saving and the consequent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) to meet the Paris Agreement climate goals. In, Italy, millions of square meters of asbestos cement (AC) roofing cover industrial and civic buildings. Removal of this asbestos containing material (ACM) would contribute to three pandemic and economic recovery objectives: job creation, reduction of greenhouse gasses (thru energy savings), and public health improvements. Though asbestos was used for its excellent thermal insulation properties, we provide calculations that demonstrate that the cement binding in AC roofing negates the asbestos insulation function. Therefore, replacing AC roofing with roofs made with alternative materials with better thermal transmission coefficients can contribute significantly to energy savings, reduce the risk of asbestos-related morbidity and mortality, and establish substantial economic activity.
Risk of Hematologic Events With Coadministration of Methotrexate and the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Inhibitor Febuxostat
Authors: Mitsuboshi Satoru , Niimura Takahiro , Kanda Masaya , Ishida Shunsuke , Zamami Yoshito , Ishizawa Keisuke
Published: November 2021

Background:

The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a key drug transporter found in the liver, kidney, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. Due to the wide expression of BCRP, interactions of other drugs with methotrexate (MTX) may differ in oral and intravenous MTX users, and understanding of these interactions may be useful in preventing severe adverse events. Febuxostat, a urate-lowering drug, inhibits BCRP.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to clarify the differences in the drug-drug interaction profiles of oral and intravenous methotrexate, associated with BCRP.

Methods:

We analyzed the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database and compared the frequency of hematologic events in patients taking oral and intravenous MTX, with or without the concomitant use of febuxostat or allopurinol. Hematologic events were defined as pancytopenia and neutropenia. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then used to identify the risk factors for hematologic events in oral and intravenous MTX users.

Results:

We identified 8 453 oral and 810 intravenous MTX users with 546 and 126 cases of hematologic events, respectively. Compared with those not using febuxostat, a disproportionate number of hematologic events was observed in intravenous MTX users concomitantly using febuxostat ( P < 0.01). The multivariate logistic analysis of intravenous MTX users showed that hematologic events were significantly associated with febuxostat use ( P < 0.01) and age ≥ 60 years ( P < 0.01).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Our findings suggest that patients being treated with intravenous MTX who concomitantly use febuxostat may be at an increased risk of hematologic events, presumably due to BCRP-mediated drug-drug interaction.
Impact of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) on Food Content During Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Authors: Stark Jennifer E. , Cole Jennifer L. , Ghazarian Rachel N. , Klass Marian J.
Published: November 2021

Background

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have delayed gastric emptying properties; however, the impact on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) visualization is unknown.

Objective:

This study examines the impact of GLP-1RA use on EGD visualization and gastric content retention.

Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study with matched controls. The primary endpoint was the odds of retained food documented during EGD. Secondary endpoints included incidence of lavage and need for repeat EGD due to poor visualization and were compared using Fisher exact test. Analyses were performed in R Studio.

Results:

There were 59 patients in the cohort prescribed a GLP-1RA with 118 matched controls. Food retention was documented with 4 patients (6.8%) in the GLP-1RA cohort versus 2 patients (1.7%) in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 4.22 [95% CI 0.87-20.34]). No difference was observed in the need for lavage during EGD or in the need for repeat EGD attributed to poor visualization.

Conclusion and Relevance:

This study addresses a previously uninvestigated question in clinical practice. GLP-1RA did not significantly increase odds of retained food on EGD. Although a numerical difference was observed, it did not reach statistical difference. No cases required repeat EGD due to poor visualization, and no change to EGD pre-procedure instructions were warranted at the study facility.
Univariate and Multivariate Base Rates of Score Elevations, Reliable Change, and Inter-Rater Discrepancies in the BRIEF-A Standardization Samples
Authors: Aita Stephen L. , Moncrief Grant G. , Greene Jennifer , Trujillo Sue , Carrillo Alicia , Iwanicki Sierra , Morera Carrie Champ , Gioia Gerard A. , Isquith Peter K. , Roth Robert M.
Published: November 2021

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version (BRIEF-A) is a standardized rating scale of subjective executive functioning. We provide univariate and multivariate base rates (BRs) for scale/index scores in the clinical range ( T scores ≥65), reliable change, and inter-rater information not included in the Professional Manual. Participants were adults (ages = 18–90 years) from the BRIEF-A self-report ( N = 1,050) and informant report ( N = 1,200) standardization samples, as well as test–retest ( n = 50 for self, n = 44 for informant) and inter-rater ( n = 180) samples. Univariate BRs of elevated T scores were low (self-report = 3.3%–15.4%, informant report = 4.5%–16.3%). Multivariate BRs revealed the common occurrence of obtaining at least one elevated T-score across scales (self-report = 26.5%–37.3%, informant report = 22.7%–30.3%), whereas virtually none had elevated scores on all scales. Test–retest scores were highly correlated (self = .82–.94; informant = .91–.96). Inter-rater correlations ranged from .44 to .68. Significant ( p < .05) test–retest T-score differences ranged from 7 to 12 for self-report, from 6 to 8 for informant report, and from 16 to 21 points for inter-rater T-score differences. Applications of these findings are discussed.
Combinational inhibitory action of essential oils and gamma irradiation for controlling Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus growth and their aflatoxins biosynthesis in vitro and in situ conditions
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Hanan H , Hammad Ali AI , El-Kader Reham MM Abd , Youssef Khayria A , Abdou Dalia AM
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of certain essential oils (star anise, lemon leaves, marjoram, fennel, and lavender) on the fungal growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and their production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The degree of suppression of the aflatoxigenic strains’ growth and their production of AFB1 is mainly affected by the kind and the concentration of the tested essential oils (EOs). Star anise essential oil had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (0.5 and 1.0 μL/mL) against A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively, so it was the best among the five different oils. The study of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that star anise EO resulted in a 98% reduction in AFB1 without a breakdown of AFB1 products after treatment thus the complete removal of AFB1 was done without any toxic residues. The combination showed a synergistic effect, the combinational treatment between γ-irradiation at a low dose (2 kGy) and star anise EO at concentrate 0.5 μL/g destroyed A. flavus and A. parasiticus inoculated (individually) in sorghum and peanut, respectively throughout the storage period (8 weeks).
‘Dracarys’ for all: TV series and experiential learning
Authors: Biehl Brigitte
Published: November 2021

Film has been widely used for management learning, mostly with a focus on the story rather than on the film experience. This study draws on arts-based learning literature, film studies and data from learning interactions, and develops a taxonomy of experiential learning with film as a specific art form and emotional medium. The taxonomy includes three elements: making a film experience, processing the experience and cultural aesthetic reflexivity. This study provides process steps and teaching strategies to help move management learners along in the process towards specific learning outcomes. It introduces a film analysis tool as a method that can be used to overcome aesthetic muteness when reflecting on the film experience. The acclaimed and contested TV series Game of Thrones serves as a point of reference, and examples feature the female leader Daenerys Targaryen. The approach is transferable across films and TV series to integrate knowing, experience and emotions and to use popular culture’s critical potential for management learning.
Effect of nano-silica/alumina hybrid coating on erosion resistance of glass fibre-reinforced polymer for the application of wind turbine blades
Authors: Ibrahim Sarah. H. , El-Tayeb N. S. M.
Published: November 2021

Polymeric coatings reinforced with nanoparticles have recently occupied special focus by researchers and have been used in several industrial applications such as wind turbine manufacturing, oil and gas, aerospace and automotive industries. Yet, still more investigations are required to improve the tribological and mechanical properties of these coats and increase its service life. The effect of adding nano-silica/alumina to polyurethane coatings have been studied, however, their erosion resistance has not been investigated yet. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the erosion resistance of hybrid nano-silica/alumina polyurethane compositions with different weight fractions. To do this, erosion resistance experiments, scanning electron microscope and Zetasizer experiments to assess the agglomeration percentage were carried out. Results showed that the hybrid composition of nano-silica/alumina polyurethane significantly decreased the erosion rate and that the reduction in agglomeration was mirrored in much enhanced erosion resistance of the nanocomposites.
Experimental and numerical study on cavitation under elastohydrodynamic lubrication point contact
Authors: Ma Mingfei , Wang Wen , Jiang Wenxun
Published: November 2021

As a common phenomenon in elastohydrodynamic lubrication, cavitation has an effect on the completeness of the oil film in the contact area. Many studies have therefore been conducted on cavitation. Experimental researches on cavitation usually rely on optical interference observation, which offers a limited resolution and observation range. In this paper, an infrared thermal camera is used to observe the cavity bubbles on a ball-on-disc setup under sliding/rolling conditions. The results show that the cavity length increases with an increases of the entrainment speed and the viscosity of the lubricants. These observations are explained by a numerical model based on Elrod's algorithm. Effects of entrainment speed and lubricant viscosity on the breakup of cavitation bubbles and the cavitation states are investigated. Both the simulation and experimental results show that a negative pressure area is present behind the Hertzian contact area. The ambient pressure plays a role in maintaining cavitation state 1. The cavitation pressure is close to the vacuum pressure when the entrainment speed is low and to the ambient pressure instead when the entrainment speed is high.
Study of dynamic coefficients of water film in marine stern tube bearing considering roughness and deformation
Authors: Leng Zijun , Lv Fangrui , Zhang Jianbo , Jiao Chunxiao , Gao Gengyuan , Ta Na , Rao Zhushi
Published: November 2021

Dynamic analysis of water-lubricated marine stern tube bearing is incompatible with that of ordinary oil-lubricated bearing due to the deformation of compliant bushes and non-negligible roughness effects. A modified bearing dynamic analysis model embracing roughness and dynamic characteristics of a non-metal bush is proposed. Based on the model, Reynolds equations of perturbed pressures of water film considering roughness, deformation, and misalignment simultaneously are derived for the first time and solved by coupling the finite difference method and the finite-element method. The results show that dynamic coefficients are enhanced due to roughness when the minimum film thickness ratio exceeds a threshold around 2. The roughness effect is debilitated but the valid range of roughness is extended when bush deformation is considered. Additionally, dynamic coefficients of rougher bearing become obviously smaller than those of smoother bearing as the misalignment angle grows.
Sustaining allied health telehealth services beyond the rapid response to COVID-19: Learning from patient and staff experiences at a large quaternary hospital
Authors: Cottrell Michelle , Burns Clare L , Jones Amber , Rahmann Ann , Young Adrienne , Sam Sonia , Cruickshank Mark , Pateman Kelsey
Published: November 2021

The patient, clinician and administration staff perspectives of telehealth (specifically videoconferencing) services provided by Allied Health Professions (AHP) at a large quaternary hospital were explored. The purpose was to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of the service during initial COVID-19 restrictions and examine factors that influenced the implementation and sustained use of telehealth. A sequential mixed-methods approach was undertaken. Stage 1 involved surveys completed by patients (n = 109) and clinicians (n = 66) who received and provided care via telehealth, respectively, across six AHP departments. Stage 2 involved focus groups with clinicians (n = 24) and administrative staff (n = 13) to further examine implementation and sustainability factors.

All participant groups confirmed that telehealth was a valid service model and valued the benefits it afforded, particularly during COVID-19 restrictions. Both patients and clinicians reported that not all AHP services could be delivered via telehealth and preferred a blended model of telehealth and in-person care. Increased administrative staff assistance was needed to support growing telehealth demand. Main factors to address are the need to expand AHP telehealth models and workforce/patient training, improve workflow processes and enhance technical support.

Despite rapid implementation, telehealth experiences were overall positive. Study findings are being used to generate solutions to enhance and sustain AHP telehealth services.
Changing from telephone to videoconference for pre-treatment pharmacist consults in cancer services: Impacts to funding and time efficiency
Authors: Ryan Marissa , Carrington Christine , Ward Elizabeth C , Burns Clare L , Cuff Katharine , Mackinnon Mhairi , Snoswell Centaine L
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study examined the reimbursement opportunity and the time efficiency of a standard care model of unscheduled telephone consults compared to scheduled videoconference consults for obtaining pre-treatment medication histories for patients with cancer. Methods: Data related to (a) the available and the claimed activity-based funding for both models and (b) the number of contacts and the duration of each contact to complete the patient’s medication history via either unscheduled telephone or scheduled videoconference consults were collected and compared. Results: Data was collected for 86 telephone and 56 videoconference consults. The actual activity-based funding claimed for telephone consults was $0, even though $86 of activity-based funding was available for each consult. This represented a $0 reimbursement for the staff time spent conducting the telephone consults, and a missed opportunity to claim $86 per consult. Activity-based funding was claimed for all but one videoconference consult with an average of $205 received per consult, when $221 per consult was available. Videoconference consults were an average of 2.3 min shorter than telephone consults. Discussion: When compared to unscheduled telephone consults, the scheduled videoconference consults represented increased reimbursement and equivalent time efficiency for the cancer pharmacist completing pre-treatment medication histories.
On three-dimensional printing of 17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel with direct metal laser sintering in aircraft structural applications
Authors: Singh Rupinder , Rishab  , Sidhu Jashanpreet S
Published: November 2021

The martensitic 17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel is one of the commercially established materials for structural engineering applications in aircrafts due to its superior mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The mechanical processing of this alloy through a conventional manufacturing route is critical from the dimensional accuracy (Δ d) viewpoint for development of innovative structural components such as: slat tracks, wing flap tracks, etc. In past two decades, a number of studies have been reported on challenges being faced while conventional processing of 17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel for maintaining uniform thickness of aircraft structural components. However, hitherto little has been reported on direct metal laser sintering of 17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel for development of innovative functional prototypes with uniform surface hardness (HV), Δ d, and surface roughness ( Ra) in aircraft structural engineering. This paper reports the effect of direct metal laser sintering process parameters on HV, Δ d, and Ra for structural components. The results of study suggest that optimized settings of direct metal laser sintering from multifactor optimization viewpoint are laser power 100 W, scanning speed 1400 mm/s, and layer thickness 0.02 mm. The results have been supported with scanning electron microscopy analysis (for metallurgical changes such as porosity (%), HV, grain size, etc.) and international tolerance grades for ensuring assembly fitment.
A Qualitative Study of Clinician Barriers and Enablers to Implementing the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern with Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: McLaren-Hedwards Taya , Hickman Ingrid J. , Campbell Katrina L. , Macdonald Graeme A. , Mayr Hannah L.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Solid organ transplant recipients experience greater cardiometabolic risk than the general population. Following a Mediterranean dietary pattern has been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to assess multidisciplinary clinician perspectives of routine nutrition care for kidney and liver transplant recipients and barriers and enablers to implementation of the Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Methods

Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with clinicians in a metropolitan health service at tertiary/quaternary transplant centres involved in longer-term management of kidney and liver transplants recipients. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic content analysis.

Findings

Nineteen clinicians (9 medical officers, 5 dietitians, 3 nurses and 2 other allied health professionals) were interviewed. Four themes with 11 subthemes were identified: the Mediterranean dietary pattern is not part of routine care (there are competing clinical priorities; healthy eating principles aligned with but not the full dietary pattern are recommended); variation in knowledge and acceptance of this dietary approach (variances in information sources and degree of knowledge of Mediterranean dietary pattern clinical evidence); nutrition advice is influenced by service delivery and culture (there is lack of consistent nutrition advice; limited consultation time; and reliance on existing patient education resources); and patient-centred care influences decisions on nutrition advice (clinicians do not know how to recommend this dietary pattern in a patient-centred manner).

Discussion

The Mediterranean dietary pattern is not considered part of routine post-transplant nutrition care. To be implemented in these services intervention strategies which address the identified barriers and potential enablers need to be considered.
Machine Learning for Predicting Motor Improvement After Acute Subcortical Infarction Using Baseline Whole Brain Volumes
Authors: Liu Gang , Wu Jiewei , Dang Chao , Tan Shuangquan , Peng Kangqiang , Guo Yaomin , Xing Shihui , Xie Chuanmiao , Zeng Jinsheng , Tang Xiaoying
Published: November 2021

Background. Neuroimaging biomarkers are valuable predictors of motor improvement after stroke, but there is a gap between published evidence and clinical usage. Objective. In this work, we aimed to investigate whether machine learning techniques, when applied to a combination of baseline whole brain volumes and clinical data, can accurately predict individual motor outcome after stroke. Methods. Upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessments (FMA-UE) were conducted 1 week and 12 weeks, and structural MRI was performed 1 week, after onset in 56 patients with subcortical infarction. Proportional recovery model residuals were employed to assign patients to proportional and poor recovery groups (34 vs 22). A sophisticated machine learning scheme, consisting of conditional infomax feature extraction, synthetic minority over-sampling technique for nominal and continuous, and bagging classification, was employed to predict motor outcomes, with the input features being a combination of baseline whole brain volumes and clinical data (FMA-UE scores). Results. The proposed machine learning scheme yielded an overall balanced accuracy of 87.71% in predicting proportional vs poor recovery outcomes, a sensitivity of 93.77% in correctly identifying poor recovery outcomes, and a ROC AUC of 89.74%. Compared with only using clinical data, adding whole brain volumes can significantly improve the classification performance, especially in terms of the overall balanced accuracy (from 80.88% to 87.71%) and the sensitivity (from 92.23% to 93.77%). Conclusions. Experimental results suggest that a combination of baseline whole brain volumes and clinical data, when equipped with appropriate machine learning techniques, may provide valuable information for personalized rehabilitation planning after subcortical infarction.
Co-Interviewing in Qualitative Social Research: Prospects, Merits and Considerations
Authors: Velardo Stefania , Elliott Sam
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we seek to open a dialogue about the approach of co-interviewing, which, to our surprise, has not received much attention in the realm of qualitative social research. The co-interviewing approach stands apart from ‘multiple’ interviewing, in which two or more researchers are tasked with conducting interviews in a single research study. Instead, this approach involves two researchers actively taking part in the same interview. In a qualitative grounded theory study that sought to explore doctoral students’ emotional well-being, we adopted the approach of co-interviewing each of our participants. This process involved us sharing the responsibilities of asking questions, probing, note taking and making observations. Our experience has led us to critically examine this unique approach to interviewing, and here, in this paper, we offer insights about its potential to enhance the generation of data and the research process. In doing so, we draw on literature, whilst reflecting on key concepts including power, reflexivity and well-being, by considering the positions of participants and researchers alike.
Teaching Grounded Theory. Analysis of an Epistemic Practice
Authors: Halatcheva-Trapp Maya , Unterkofler Ursula
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we look at our own teaching practice in seminars on Grounded Theory against the background of a pragmatist–interactionist perspective. We analyze situations that we have documented in the form of reflective notes focusing on central action problems of teachers and students, on their different positions for negotiation, and on strategies to “solve” and legitimize them. These problems arise in the course of teaching methodological classifications, the appropriateness of the methods, the logic of the research process, the analysis process, and analytical attitudes in the teaching process and must be worked on jointly by teachers and students. Using procedures of the Grounded Theory methodology, we conceptualize the action problems and reconstruct teaching Grounded Theory as a situational treatment of irritations as well as a negotiation and legitimation of (intersubjectively shared) meaning. Against this background, we show that teaching can be understood as a joint epistemic practice of teachers and students.
Understanding practices of UK college governing: Rethinking strategy and accountability
Authors: James David , Garner Steve , Husband Gary
Published: November 2021

College governing boards are widely held to be the keystone of institutional strategy and the prime locus of support, challenge and accountability in respect of the actions of the senior Executive. Whilst there are many normative prescriptions about the conditions and arrangements required for effective college governance, relatively little is known about how and to what extent the practices of boards reflect or realise these prescriptions. This paper draws upon a unique research study of eight further education colleges across the four nations of the UK. Following Chia and MacKay and Hendry et al., our ‘strategy as practice’ approach gives primacy to emergence and immanence through board practices. Video and observational data, supplemented by some interview and documentary data are used to develop an understanding of governing practices. Our analysis suggests that current normative prescriptions lack the conceptual sophistication required to support governing as it really happens. We offer a reconceptualisation of both strategy and accountability suggesting that the latter includes lateral, inward- and outward-facing functions that make conflicting demands on governors. We argue that these distinctions are vital in enabling further positive development of governing in the college sector.
Representaciones de la salud mental en dos diarios de circulación nacional en Perú
Authors: Hidalgo-Padilla Liliana , Rozas Urrunaga Lucila , Busse Peter , Diez-Canseco Francisco
Published: November 2021

Antecedentes:

Los medios de comunicación son una de las fuentes que modelan las representaciones de la salud mental. Sólo un estudio previo realizado en Perú ha analizado las noticias sobre la salud mental en los medios de comunicación.

Objetivo:

describir cómo se representa la salud mental en la prensa escrita de alcance nacional en el Perú.

Método:

se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos a partir de una lista de términos relacionados con salud mental en 30 ediciones de dos diarios de circulación nacional del año 2016. Se identificaron 351 artículos, de los cuales se extrajo información sobre los términos de salud mental utilizados, el nivel de contenido de salud mental, la presencia de fuentes citadas, la inclusión de personajes y la valoración atribuida a estos.

Resultados:

271 artículos (77.21%) contenían términos referidos a salud mental, pero sin ser desarrollados, 51 (14.53%) abordaban la salud mental de manera parcial, y solo 29 (8.26%) lo hacían como tema principal. Entre los 80 artículos que abordaban la salud mental de manera parcial o principal, solo 32 (40%) citaban fuentes. Finalmente, de los 59 artículos que hacían referencia a personajes, 29 (49.15%) los describían de manera negativa.

Conclusiones:

la prensa escrita suele utilizar términos de salud mental, pero sin desarrollar el tema en profundidad. El uso de fuentes es infrecuente y no se cita a personas con afecciones de salud mental. Al describirlas, se destaca su inestabilidad y peligrosidad. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la prensa escrita podría contribuir al fortalecimiento del estigma relacionado con la salud mental.
Morphological Variations and Normal Parameters of the Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Tibiofibular Syndesmotic
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Ali , Nosrati Soheil , Shayan Zahra , Vosoughi Amir Reza
Published: November 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to determine morphological variations and normal parameters of the cross-sectional tibiofibular syndesmotic anatomy.

Methods:

Configurations of syndesmosis, anterior syndesmotic width (ASW), posterior syndesmotic width (PSW), and overlap distance, defined as the overlap of medial fibula with a drawn line from tip of anterior tubercle of incisura fibularis to the posterior tip, were measured on normal computed tomography (CT) scans of 110 cases. Results: Seventy seven male (70%) and 33 female (30%) (left: 50 and right: 60) were assessed. Mean age of the cases was 33 ± 13 (range: 15-80) years. Three different syndesmotic configurations were crescent (55.5%), rectangular (39.1 %), and semicircle (5.4 %). Overall, mean ASW, PSW, and overlap distance were 2.72, 3.98, and 1.02 mm, respectively. Upper limit of normal ASW in crescent, rectangular, and semicircle was 4.80, 4.85, and 3.89 mm, respectively. The maximum of PSW in crescent, rectangular, and semicircle was 6.25, 6.50, and 4.97 mm, respectively. There was not significant difference between syndesmotic configurations based on age (P = .69) and sex (P = .16).

Conclusions:

During interpreting axial CT scan to diagnose syndesmotic injuries, the normal range of parameters according to the different configurations of the tibiofibular syndesmosis should be carefully considered.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4
Towards a comprehensive security alliance: Evolving dynamics in the United States’ humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to the Philippines
Authors: Trajano Julius Cesar I.
Published: November 2021

The Philippines’ humanitarian norms and frameworks have evolved from focusing on humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to more pro-active disaster preparedness, enhancing community resilience and empowered participation of local and grassroots actors. The US-Philippines security alliance has evolved in line with these developments and needs to be understood more holistically and not be limited to providing humanitarian assistance and disaster relief through sending foreign military assets in times of disasters. This article argues that the non-traditional aspect of the US-Philippines bilateral alliance is not intended to underplay the role of the US military, but highlights the importance of the private sector, humanitarian NGOs, and the US Agency for International Development (USAID) in deepening and broadening the security alliance.