bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Context-Specific Action of Ribosomal Antibiotics
Authors: Vázquez-Laslop Nora , Mankin Alexander S.
Published: June 2018

The ribosome is a major antibiotic target. Many types of inhibitors can stop cells from growing by binding at functional centers of the ribosome and interfering with its ability to synthesize proteins. These antibiotics were usually viewed as general protein synthesis inhibitors, which indiscriminately stop translation at every codon of every mRNA, preventing the ribosome from making any protein. However, at each step of the translation cycle, the ribosome interacts with multiple ligands (mRNAs, tRNA substrates, translation factors, etc.), and as a result, the properties of the translation complex vary from codon to codon and from gene to gene. Therefore, rather than being indiscriminate inhibitors, many ribosomal antibiotics impact protein synthesis in a context-specific manner. This review presents a snapshot of the growing body of evidence that some, and possibly most, ribosome-targeting antibiotics manifest site specificity of action, which is modulated by the nature of the nascent protein, the mRNA, or the tRNAs.
Feed-efficient pigs exhibit molecular patterns allowing a timely circulation of hormones and nutrients
Authors: Reyer Henry , Oster Michael , Magowan Elizabeth , Muráni Eduard , Sauerwein Helga , Dannenberger Dirk , Kuhla Björn , Ponsuksili Siriluck , Wimmers Klaus
Published: June 2018

Feed efficiency (FE) is a measure of the rate between feed intake and body weight gain and is subject to constant progress in pigs, based on extensive performance tests and analyses of physiological parameters. However, endocrine regulatory circuits that comprise the sensation and perception of intrinsic requirements and appropriate systemic responses have not yet been fully elucidated. It is hypothesized that the gut-brain axis, which is a network of hierarchical anterior regulatory tissues, contributes largely to variations in FE. Therefore, full-sib pigs with extreme residual feed intake values were assigned to experimental groups of high and low FE. Relevant hormones, minerals, and metabolites including fatty acid profiles were analyzed in serum to assess postprandial conditions. Transcriptome profiles were deduced from intestinal (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and neuroendocrine tissues (hypothalamus). Serum analyses of feed-efficient animals showed an increased content of the incretin GIP, calcium, magnesium, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and fat compared with low-FE pigs. Complementary expression profiles in intestinal tissues indicate a modulated permeability and host-microbe interaction in FE-divergent pigs. Transcriptomic analyses of the hypothalamus showed that differences between the FE groups in appetite and satiety regulation are less pronounced. However, hypothalamic abundance of transcripts like ADCY7, LHCGR, and SLC2A7 and molecular signatures in local and systemic tissue sites indicate that increased allocation and circulation of energy equivalents, minerals, and hormones are promoted in feed-efficient animals. Overall, patterns of gastrointestinal hormones and gene expression profiles identified host-microbiota interaction, intestinal permeability, feed intake regulation, and energy expenditure as potential mechanisms affecting FE in pigs.
GNAI2 polymorphic variance associates with salt sensitivity of blood pressure in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoling , Frame Alissa A. , Williams Jonathan S. , Wainford Richard D.
Published: June 2018

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP) increases hypertension risk and associated adverse cardiovascular outcomes. At present, there are no validated rapid tests or diagnostic markers to identify salt sensitivity of BP in clinical practice. Based on our prior animal studies that report a role for brain Gαi2 proteins in the salt sensitivity of BP and evidence that GNAI2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associate with hypertension risk, we investigated the hypothesis that GNAI2 SNPs associate with salt sensitivity of BP in humans. Our data provide the first evidence that a GNAI2 SNP ( rs10510755 ) positively associates with salt sensitivity of BP in the Genetic Epidemiology of Salt Sensitivity data set (continuous phenotype P = 0.049, case-control phenotype P = 0.039; n = 968), independently of subject sex or age. These observations suggest that genotyping at GNAI2 may be a useful biomarker in identifying individuals at risk for developing salt-sensitive BP and related complications or in identifying salt sensitivity within the hypertensive population.
HIV and Aging – Perhaps Not as Dramatic as We Feared?
Authors: Engel Tanja , Raffenberg Marieke , Marzolini Catia , Cavassini Matthias , Kovari Helen , Hasse Barbara , Tarr Philip E.
Published: June 2018

Ever since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1995, HIV infection has been linked to “metabolic” complications (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, and others). Studies suggested increased rates of myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency, neurocognitive dysfunction, and fractures in HIV-postitive patients. Even long-term suppression of HIV seemed to be accompanied by an excess of deleterious inflammation that could promote these complications. The aims of this viewpoint paper are to summarize recent data and to examine the possibility that the problem of aging-related morbidity in HIV might not be as dramatic as previously believed.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Second Decade
Authors: Brinkmann Volker
Published: June 2018

Nearly 15 years after the first description of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), our knowledge concerning this structure has expanded considerably. Initially, NETs were considered solely an elaborate function of the innate immune system to combat invading microorganisms. Successively it became clear that NETs have farther-reaching capabilities. They are involved in a series of pathophysiological mechanisms ranging from inflammation to thrombosis where they fulfill essential functions when produced at the right site and the right time but can have a serious impact when generation or clearance of NETs is inadequately controlled. This review provides a concise overview on the far-reaching functions of NETs in health and disease.
Outcomes of Local Excision plus Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with T1 Rectal Cancer
Authors: Suzuki Toshiyuki , Sadahiro Sotaro , Tanaka Akira , Okada Kazutake , Saito Gota , Miyakita Hiroshi , Akiba Takeshi , Yamamuro Hiroshi
Published: June 2018

Objective: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend local excision and observation as standard treatment for selected patients with clinical T1N0M0 rectal cancer. In patients with pathological T1 (pT1) rectal cancer who received local excision, the local recurrence rate is at least 10%. We studied oncological outcomes in patients with pT1 rectal cancer who received chemoradiotherapy (CRT) after local excision. Methods: Local excision was performed in 65 patients with clinical T1N0M0 rectal cancer (≤8 cm from the anal verge, tumor size < 30 mm, well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma). The patients received CRT (40 or 45 Gy in 1.8–2.0 fractions with concurrent oral UFT [tegafur/uracil] or S-1 [tegafur/gimeracil/ote­racil]) after confirmation of pT1 and negative margins. Results: Patients who had pT2 cancer or who did not provide informed consent were excluded. The remaining 50 patients additionally received CRT. The CRT was completed in 48 patients (96%). The median follow-up period was 71 months. Local recurrence occurred in 1 patient (2%). Distant metastases occurred in 3 patients (6%). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 86%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 92%. Conclusions: Our study suggested that multidisciplinary treatment with local excision plus CRT can be used as a treatment option in selected patients with clinical T1N0M0 rectal cancer.
Hepatic Failure by Spontaneous Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus without a Trigger Factor in a Patient with Anti-HBs
Authors: Kim Doh Hyung , Kim Seok Bae
Published: June 2018

A patient who has achieved resolution of acute hepatitis B and acquired anti-HBs would get protective immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, reactivation of HBV could happen if the patient was exposed to an immunocompromised state by using immunosuppressive drugs or chemotherapeutic agents. That is because cccDNA could reside within hepatocytes after recovery of acute hepatitis B. Therefore, guidelines for hepatitis B recommend the use of prophylactic antiviral agents such as entecavir or tenofovir in patients with anti-HBc IgG. The reactivation of hepatitis B without exposure to an immunocompromised state is very rare and only 1 case has been reported in the world to date. An 82-year-old male patient visited Dankook University Hospital because of high aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. He had shown HBsAg negative/anti-HBs positive when he had blood test examinations 1 year previously. However, the present blood test revealed HBsAg positive/anti-HBs negative and a high titer of HBV DNA (814,815 copies/mL). He had undergone vertebroplasty 5 years previously and had no other medical history. Other blood and radiological examinations failed to show other diseases that could affect host immunity. He started antiviral treatment with entecavir. However, he passed away because of deteriorated hepatic function and hepatorenal syndrome 20 days after admission. It is very rare that a patient with anti-HBs would develop hepatic failure and pass away without trigger factors. Here, we report the case with a literature review.
ДІАГНОСТИЧНЕ ЗНАЧЕННЯ НЕЙРОСПЕЦИФІЧНИХ МАРКЕРІВ NSE, S-100, GFAP, MBP І BDNF У ЦЕРЕБРОСПІНАЛЬНІЙ РІДИНІ ХВОРИХ НА ВІРУСНИЙ МЕНІНГІТ
Authors: Kozko V. M. , Sokhan A. V. , Burma Ya. I.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи – визначити діагностичну цінність рівнів нейроспецифічних маркерів NSE, GFAP, S–100, MBP та BDNF у ЦСР дорослих хворих на вірусні менінгіти.Пацієнти і методи. Для дослідження були залучені 50 пацієнтів з вірусними менінгітами віком від 18 до 65 років. Пацієнти з менінгітом, що викликаний вірусом простого герпесу 1,2, склали 1-у групу (n=21), з Епштейна-Барр менінгітом − 2-у групу (n=19), з ентеровірусним менінгітом – 3-ю групу дослідження (n=10). Рівень нейроспецифічних маркерів визначався у ЦСР хворих на першу та 10-12-у добу лікування за допомогою методу ІФА.
Trabalho de Campo em Saúde Bucal: Um Contexto da Relação Ensino-Serviço-Comunidade
Authors: Melani Andréa Carla Franchini , Pestana Sônia Regina Cardim de Cerqueira , Zilbovicius Celso , Martins Julie Silvia , Frias Antônio Carlos , Junqueira Simone Rennó
Published: June 2018

Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a introdução de conteúdos e estratégias pedagógicas na disciplina de Saúde Coletiva em Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP) que, seguindo as orientações das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para cursos de Odontologia, utiliza o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como cenário pedagógico, permitindo ao aluno vivenciar e dialogar com a realidade in loco, ampliando o olhar e a escuta. Por meio de módulos de conteúdo aplicados com uma pedagogia baseada em problemas, a construção da teoria é complementada com visitas técnicas ao SUS do município de Embu das Artes, além da elaboração, ao longo do ano e em grupo, de uma política municipal de saúde bucal de outro município do estado de São Paulo. A experiência propõe fornecer ao aluno instrumentos de análise críticoreflexiva, inserindo sua prática num contexto social que visa a atender as necessidades em saúde da população.
Experiência Didática de Planejamento Urbano e Regional: Dos Conceitos à Apresentação Institucional pelos Alunos
Authors: Lanças Sandra Yukari Shirata
Published: June 2018

Este relato discorre sobre as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo e depois da conclusão da disciplina Planejamento Urbano e Regional, ministrada para a primeira turma do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de Sorocaba, uma instituição sem fins lucrativos do tipo comunitária. Apresenta as especificidades do alunado, os objetivos da disciplina, a metodologia empregada. Esta, numa primeira fase, procura consolidar a bibliografia básica e complementar, para a apreensão dos conceitos. Na segunda fase, emula a realização de um plano diretor municipal, por meio da pesquisa temática de dados brutos, sua organização e análise crítica. Na terceira fase, vem a proposição de um estudo de caso para implantação de novos equipamentos, justificando-os, segundo necessidade verificada e escolha dos grupos depois de discussão das possibilidades. Na quarta fase, apresentam-se as propostas originais aos colegas de sala, são submetidas à discussão e recolhem-se sugestões de melhoria. No caso desta turma em particular, houve também uma apresentação para o órgão de planejamento (Nuplan) do município de Sorocaba (SP), como trabalho extracurricular à disciplina, mas totalmente pertinente pela exposição de resultados dos levantamentos dos 25 municípios da região de Sorocaba. Assim, os alunos com os melhores trabalhos puderam caminhar dos conceitos iniciais até a apresentação institucional.
Utilização de Técnicas Participativas no Processo Ensino-Aprendizagem sobre o Tema da Judicialização da Saúde: Relato de Experiência
Authors: Rodríguez Anna Maria Meyer Maciel , Villa Tereza Cristina Scatena , Mishima Silvana Martins
Published: June 2018

Trata-se de relato de experiência acerca do uso de ferramentas facilitadoras no processo ensino-aprendizagem junto a alunos de graduação em Enfermagem no contexto da disciplina Organização e Gestão em Saúde e Enfermagem na Atenção Básica, com vistas a auxiliá-los na compreensão e na reflexão quanto ao processo de judicialização da saúde. A disciplina é ministrada no sétimo período do curso de graduação em uma instituição pública de ensino universitário do interior paulista. Anteriormente à aula, os alunos receberam um artigo e uma reportagem atuais sobre o tema para leitura prévia. No dia da aula, utilizando a técnica brainstorming, as facilitadoras da discussão perguntaram aos alunos o que entendiam sobre o tema, anotando as respostas no quadro sem julgamentos. Em seguida, foi aplicada uma dinâmica de grupo, confeccionada de modo lúdico, visando a trazer o cenário internacional sobre o nascimento e a evolução dos direitos, o direito à saúde e a judicialização no Brasil. Então, expuseram-se dados sobre a situação da judicialização da saúde em um município paulista, e os alunos foram provocados à reflexão utilizando um dilema ético-moral indiretamente relacionado ao tema da aula. Eles se mostraram surpresos, receptivos e participativos com as técnicas usadas, cuja articulação os aproximou da realidade do município, proporcionou um resgate de vivências pessoais e instigou a reflexão sobre diversas e complexas questões relacionadas às necessidades individuais e coletivas e ao papel social do enfermeiro no processo de judicialização da saúde.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients
Authors: Gopinathannair Rakesh , Roukoz Henri , Bhan Adarsh , Ravichandran Ashwin , Ahmed Mustafa M. , Familtsev Dmitry , Bhat Geetha , Cowger Jennifer , Abdullah Munazzah , Sandesara Chirag , Dhawan Rahul , Birks Emma J. , Trivedi Jaimin R. , Slaughter Mark S.
Published: June 2018

Background

Many patients with heart failure continue cardiac resynchronization therapy (
CRT
) after continuous flow left ventricular assist device (
CF
‐
LVAD
) implant. We report the first multicenter study to assess the impact of
CRT
on clinical outcomes in
CF
‐
LVAD
patients.

Methods and Results

Analysis was performed on 488 patients (58±13 years, 81% male) with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (
ICD
) (n=223) or
CRT
‐D (n=265) who underwent
CF
‐
LVAD
implantation at 5 centers from 2007 to 2015. Effects of
CRT
on mortality, hospitalizations, and ventricular arrhythmia incidence were compared against
CF
‐
LVAD
patients with an
ICD
alone. Baseline differences were noted between the 2 groups in age (60±12 versus 55±14,
P
<0.001) and
QRS
duration (159±29 versus 126±34,
P
=0.001). Median biventricular pacing in the
CRT
group was 96%. During a median follow‐up of 478 days, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between groups (log rank
P
=0.28). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated no survival benefit with type of device (
ICD
versus
CRT
‐D;
P
=0.16), whereas use of amiodarone was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.8,
P
=0.01). No differences were noted between
CRT
and
ICD
groups in all‐cause (
P
=0.06) and heart failure (
P
=0.9) hospitalizations, ventricular arrhythmia incidence (43% versus 39%,
P
=0.3), or
ICD
shocks (35% versus 29%,
P
=0.2). During follow‐up, 69 (26%) patients underwent pulse generator replacement in the
CRT
‐D group compared with 36 (15.5%) in the
ICD
group (
P
=0.003).

Conclusions

In this large, multicenter
CF
‐
LVAD
cohort, continued
CRT
was not associated with improved survival, hospitalizations, incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and
ICD
therapies, and was related to a significantly higher number of pulse generator changes.
Re-evaluation of the taxonomy of Gelidocalamus stellatus (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and its infraspecific taxa from southern China
Authors: NIE TANG-JIE , LI WEI-JIAN , JI XUE-NAN , LIU YU-GUANG , LI ZU-YAO , YANG GUANG-YAO , ZHANG WEN-GEN
Published: June 2018

In the present study, a classical taxonomic analysis of micromorphological characters of the leaf epidermis was employed to reassess the taxonomy of Gelidocalamus stellatus and its infraspecific taxa from southern China. We propose that G. monophyllus is distinct from G. stellatus, and G. wugongshanensis should be treated as a variety under G. stellatus. The variety, i.e. G. stellatus var. mangshanensis, collected from the Mangshan of Hunan Province in China, is re-described and illustrated. A formal taxonomic treatment is presented, including descriptions, comments, illustrations, distribution maps, and SEM images of the abaxial leaf epidermis.
The Harlem Heat Project: A Unique Media–Community Collaboration to Study Indoor Heat Waves
Authors: Vant-Hull Brian , Ramamurthy Prathap , Havlik Brooke , Jusino Carlos , Corbin-Mark Cecil , Schuerman Matthew , Keefe John , Drapkin Julia Kumari , Glenn A. Adam
Published: June 2018

Heat waves killed more people in the United States than all other weather-related disasters combined over the last three decades. However, human–environment interactions during these episodic events are not well understood because of a lack of data on the crucial indoor temperatures, especially in non-air-conditioned residences. To address this gap, a unique consortium of media and community groups conceived the Harlem Heat Project to place sensors in people’s homes in northern Manhattan, New York, forming the basis for ongoing radio human-interest stories and online reporting alongside scientifically valuable information. The advantage that a media–community partnership brings to this work is the ability to attract a large number of community volunteers for sensor placement and reporting of human impacts, surmounting the normal barrier facing scientific study. The sensors were hand constructed and distributed through the WE ACT environmental justice community group. Interviews, personal stories, and key data summaries were posted on the ISeeChange, AdaptNY, and WNYC websites. Results from the pilot study document that indoor temperatures are far more stable than outdoor temperatures, with the indoor diurnal average typically above the outdoor average. The thermal inertia of building interiors results in a lag and smoothing of indoor versus outdoor heat waves. Statistical modeling based on energy balances demonstrates that indoor temperatures can be forecast a day in advance with useful accuracy based on weather conditions.
Drivers’ Visual Search Behavior Toward Vulnerable Road Users at Junctions as a Function of Cycling Experience
Authors: Robbins Chloe Jade , Chapman Peter
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

The current study investigated the behavior and visual attention of two groups of drivers with differing pedal cycling experience (pedal cyclists and nonpedal cyclists) towards vulnerable road users at junctions in a driving simulator.

Background:

Pedal cyclists and motorcyclists are involved in a disproportionate number of crashes given the distance they travel, with a high proportion of these crashes occurring at junctions. Many studies have found that car drivers who also hold a motorcycle license have increased awareness towards motorcycles.

Methods:

The task involved approaching a T-junction and turning right when it was deemed to be safe. In Study 1, the junction was controlled by a give way sign, and in Study 2, the junction was controlled by a stop sign. Each T-junction contained a target vehicle (car, motorcycle, or pedal cycle), approaching from a near, medium, or far distance from the junction.

Results:

Participants did not look at pedal cycles approaching from a far distance for as long as they looked at approaching motorcycles and cars, despite all vehicles travelling at identical speeds. No differences were found between pedal cyclists and nonpedal cyclists on any visual attention measures, indicating that pedal cycling experience was not associated with differences in drivers’ attention toward pedal cycles.

Conclusions:

Findings have implications for road safety, demonstrating subtle differences in drivers’ everyday visual attention toward differing vehicle types.

Applications:

This research has the potential to inform the development of in-car technical assistive systems, improving the safety of vulnerable road users at junctions.
The Definition of Health: Towards New Perspectives
Authors: Leonardi Fabio
Published: June 2018

The definition of health is not just a theoretical issue, because it has many implications for practice, policy, and health services. The current definition of health, formulated by the WHO, is no longer adequate for dealing with the new challenges in health care systems. Despite many attempts to replace it, no alternative definition has reached a wide level of consensus. Assuming an epistemological perspective, the need for a unique definition has to be rejected in favor of a plural approach in which cannot exist the best definition of health but many different definitions, more or less useful depending on the scope of application. Nevertheless, it should be noted that not all potential definitions of health are fit to pursue clinical scientific goals. Based on recent scientific debate, one can maintain that each definition of health should have at least 9 features to work well within the clinical scientific field. Moving from this perspective, a new definition has been developed for pursuing health, especially in the fields of chronic patients and older people.
Developing Macau’s junior secondary schools music curriculum
Authors: Wong Marina WY
Published: June 2018

For centuries, Macau’s schooling has embraced laissez-faire market principles, a stasis that from AY2016/17 is being changed by the government offering schools tuition coupons conditional on their adoption of a common school curriculum. A study of part of this new common curriculum, the development of a music curriculum for junior secondary schools in Macau, addresses three research questions: (a) What are music teachers’ perceptions and how do these frame the implementation of Macau’s common music curriculum? (b) Do music teachers’ expectations align with those of the central government? (c) Do music teachers perceive that they impact on or are impacted by this innovation? Discussion of the findings highlights a controversy about the role of teachers within curriculum development – should teachers be center staged (Lawton (2012 [1980]) or is this view an oversimplification based on false assumptions of a social democratic tradition (Whitty (1985, 2012 [1981])?
Implementing Stay-Play-Talk With Children Who Use AAC
Authors: Severini Katherine E. , Ledford Jennifer R. , Barton Erin E. , Osborne Kirsten C.
Published: June 2018

Withdrawal and multitreatment single subject research designs were used to evaluate the effectiveness of stay-play-talk (SPT) interventions on social behaviors of preschool-aged peers to children with disabilities. Each group included at least one socially competent peer and one child with Down syndrome who used an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device as a primary mode of communication. Peers were trained to use SPT strategies during free play sessions, and a modified reinforcement system and modified peer arrangement were introduced for one group. For one group, results indicate a functional relation between the original SPT intervention and increased stay and play behaviors. For the other group, results indicate a functional relation between SPT with modified arrangement and increased stay and play behaviors. Future research is needed to determine effectiveness of SPT interventions for children with disabilities who have more sophisticated functional play skills, as well as utility of creating peer dyads compared with peer triads.
Rotator Cuff Matrix Augmentation and Interposition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bailey James R. , Kim Christopher , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Kirkendall Donald T. , Ledbetter Leila , Taylor Dean C. , Toth Alison P. , Garrigues Grant E.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Surgical management of rotator cuff tears is controversial and complex, ranging from nonoperative management to reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Purpose:

To systematically review and evaluate the outcomes of graft augmentation or interposition versus rotator cuff repair (RCR) alone and evaluate via meta-analysis whether the use of a graft leads to superior outcomes versus RCR alone.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

An electronic literature search (Medline, Embase, CINAHL) was conducted. Studies with a minimum follow-up of 1 year and minimum sample size of 10 that provided clinical results of RCR or rotator cuff reconstruction using any type of augmentation tissue or matrix were included. Methodological quality was evaluated by assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies. Studies comparing outcomes of RCR with graft augmentation or interposition versus repair alone (control group) were subjected to meta-analysis.

Results:

The authors identified 774 articles and included 36 in the systematic review; 5 of the 36 studies underwent meta-analysis. Except for one outcome measure in a single study, all surgical interventions (RCR alone, RCR with augmentation, and RCR with interposition) improved clinical scores and outcome measures. Because of variability in study outcomes, no graft option was found to be superior. Compared with RCR alone, graft augmentation or interposition provided significantly lower retear rates ( P = .05) and higher American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores ( P = .005), but improvements in UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) scores ( P = .29) and pain scores ( P = .1) did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion:

In the meta-analysis, graft augmentation or interposition appeared to provide a lower retear rate and improved ASES scores when compared with RCR alone. Future prospective, randomized, controlled, and appropriately powered trials are needed for more definitive recommendations.
Everyday practices and technologies of household water consumption: evidence from Shanghai
Authors: Zhen Nahui , Rogers Sarah , Barnett Jon
Published: June 2018

A social practice approach to household consumption examines socially produced patterns of practice, and understands these to be composed of technology, knowledge and meaning. This approach challenges many of the assumptions made about how consumers who are supposedly economically rational behave in large-scale municipal water supply systems. Yet for an emerging body of scholarship that is sensitive to the effects of context, research on social practices is notably short of studies beyond wealthy liberal democracies. In this paper we examine the key practices of daily water consumption for households in Shanghai, China. We identify boiling water, filtering water, and buying water as the three key practices associated with daily water consumption in the home, and explain the way each is the result of combinations of knowledge, meaning and technology. We also consider short-term and longer-term shifts in practices, and explain the influence of the materiality of pollution, information and trust on these changing practices.
Optimal Privatisation Policy under Private Leadership in Mixed Oligopolies
Authors: Lin Ming Hsin , Matsumura Toshihiro
Published: June 2018

We discuss optimal privatisation policies in mixed oligopolies in which a public firm is the Stackelberg follower (private leadership). We find that under constant marginal cost, the optimal degree of privatisation is zero. When the marginal cost is increasing, however, the optimal degree is never zero, and full privatisation can be optimal. These results suggest that the optimal privatisation policy depends on the cost conditions. We also find that the optimal degree of privatisation is substantially lower under private leadership than in the simultaneous-move model when there is no cost difference between public and private firms.
Dose of Early Therapeutic Mobility: Does Frequency or Intensity Matter?
Authors: Winkelman Chris , Sattar Abdus , Momotaz Hasina , Johnson Kimberly D. , Morris Peter , Rowbottom James R. , Thornton John Daryl , Feeney Sheryl , Levine Alan
Published: June 2018

Objective:

Investigate the feasibility of a nurse-led mobility protocol and compare the effects of once- versus twice-daily episodes of early therapeutic mobility (ETM) and low- versus moderate-intensity ETM on serum biomarkers of inflammation and selected outcomes in critically ill adults.

Design:

Randomized interventional study with repeated measures and blinded assessment of outcomes.

Setting:

Four adult intensive care units (ICUs) in two academic medical centers.

Subjects:

Fifty-four patients with > 48 hr of mechanical ventilation (MV).

Intervention:

Patients were assigned to once- or twice-daily ETM via sealed envelope randomization at enrollment. Intensity of (in-bed vs. out-of-bed) ETM was administered according to protocolized patient assessment.

Measurements:

Interleukins 6, 10, 8, 15, and tumor necrosis factor-α were collected from serum before and after ETM; change scores were used in the analyses. Manual muscle and handgrip strength, delirium onset, duration of MV, and ICU length of stay (LOS) were evaluated as patient outcomes.

Main Results:

Hypotheses regarding the inflammatory biomarkers were not supported based on confidence intervals. Twice-daily intervention was associated with reduced ICU LOS. Moderate-intensity (out-of-bed) ETM was associated with greater manual muscle test scores and handgrip strength and reduced occurrence of delirium.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study suggest that nurses can provide twice-daily mobility interventions that include sitting on the edge of the bed once patients have a stable status without altering a pro-inflammatory serum biomarker profile.
Associations Between Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Nicotine Dependence and Smoking Cessation Attempts Among Adult Tobacco Users With a Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. , Seng Sarret
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is predictive of greater nicotine dependence (ND) and poor smoking cessation (SC) outcomes. SHSe and its impact on ND and SC attempts in people with psychiatric disorders (PD) remain poorly understood. Hence, the objectives of this study were to (1) quantify SHSe, (2) examine the association of SHSe with ND, and (3) assess the association between SHSe and SC among tobacco users with PD.

Method:

A cross-sectional survey of 118 tobacco users in an inpatient psychiatric facility was conducted. Data on demographics, tobacco use and SHSe history, motivation to quit smoking, ND, and SC attempts were obtained. Participants’ environmental and psychosocial sources of and perceived SHSe were described. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between SHSe and ND, while logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between SHSe and SC.

Results:

The primary sources of environmental SHSe were from the car (63.6%) and home (51.7%); primary sources of psychosocial SHSe were close friends (67.8%) and parents/grandparents (65.3%); and mean perceived SHSe was 6.2 ( SD = 3.5). Although perceived SHSe was significantly associated with ND (β = .39, p < .0001) in multivariate analyses, no SHSe variable was associated with SC. However, scores on items measuring motivation to quit smoking were associated with SC attempts.

Discussion:

Patients with PD reported high levels of SHSe, which was associated with higher ND. Routine screening for SHSe should be implemented as part of health assessments in this population to address ND treatment options. Moreover, targeted interventions and policies should be considered toward reducing SHSe in this vulnerable population.
The relationship between soundscapes and challenging behavior: A small-scale intervention study in a healthcare organization for individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities
Authors: van den Bosch Kirsten A , Andringa Tjeerd C , Post Wendy J , Ruijssenaars Wied AJJM , Vlaskamp Carla
Published: June 2018

This article evaluates the role of soundscapes in the emotional well-being of individuals with severe or profound intellectual disabilities. Given the high prevalence of visual disabilities in this group, they supposedly depend more on sound to understand their surroundings. Nevertheless, there is little attention for (the effects of) sound in long-term healthcare. To address this issue, we conducted a small-scale intervention study among 13 healthcare professionals with Mobile Soundscape Appraisal and Recording Technology (MoSART: a smartphone application). Pre- and post-test measurements were administered of the emotional well-being (measured as moods and challenging behavior) of 15 clients with intellectual disabilities. Results showed that the MoSART intervention was accompanied by an increased experience of vibrant soundscapes and audibility of human sounds as perceived by the professionals, and a significant decrease of negative moods and severity of stereotypical behavior in the clients.
Apprendre à travailler: The uneasy journey of counter-school culture in the country of cultural capital theory
Authors: Laurens Sylvain , Mischi Julian
Published: June 2018

This paper retraces the journey of Learning to Labour in the French intellectual landscape, by examining the context in which we had this book translated in 2011. We first analyse the slow importation of Willis’s research in France (the originality of the counter-school culture concept is highlighted in light of Bourdieu’s theoretical emphasis on the role of cultural capital in social reproduction) and the conditions that made a French translation possible 30 years after the original’s publication. We then discuss the ways in which this 2011 translation, entitled L’école des ouvriers, collided with French debates on the role of school and the then prevalent postmodern theories. We end by discussing the uses of Willis’s work in contemporary French sociology.
Deliberative democracy and the problem of tacit knowledge
Authors: Benson Jonathan
Published: June 2018

This article defends deliberative democracy against the problem of tacit knowledge. It has been argued that deliberative democracy gives a privileged position to linguistic communication and therefore excludes tacit forms of knowledge which cannot be expressed propositionally. This article shows how the exclusion of such knowledge presents important challenges to both proceduralist and epistemic conceptions of deliberative democracy, and how it has been taken by some to favour markets over democratic institutions. After pointing to the limitations of market alternatives, deliberative democracy is defended by arguing that tacit knowledge can be brought into deliberation through the mechanism of trust in testimony. By trusting the testimony of a speaker, deliberators are able to act on knowledge even without it being explicitly expressed. The article then goes on to discuss the implications of this defence for deliberative theory, and particularly, the forms of reason which deliberative democrats must see as legitimate.
South Dakota Healthy Vending & Snack Bar Toolkit
Authors: Webber Acadia
Published: June 2018

The South Dakota Healthy Vending & Snack Bar Toolkit is a document designed by the South Dakota Department of Health (SD DOH) Office of Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion as part of a 5-year policy project to increase healthy food and beverage choices in vending machines, snack bars, and cafeterias in South Dakota. The toolkit includes guidelines, steps, and tools for businesses to implement the Healthy Vending and Snack Bar (HVSB) Policy. Although the toolkit was prepared as part of a policy project that ran from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, the toolkit’s guidelines and templates remain relevant to anyone interested in an improved approach to healthy food and beverage options.
Evaluating the Fit of the Ecological Framework for Implementation Variables
Authors: Collier-Meek Melissa A. , Johnson Austin H. , Sanetti Lisa M. H.
Published: June 2018

Many teachers struggle to deliver interventions with sufficient treatment integrity, perhaps due to implementation variables that mediate or moderate treatment integrity. Potential implementation variables have frequently been conceptualized in ecological frameworks, including the intervention, implementer, organization, and external environmental levels. Although the ecological framework is a useful organizational tool, a measure aligned with this model of implementation variables has not yet been developed. This article describes the development of the Assessment of Ecological Implementation Influences (AEII), a measure to evaluate implementation variables across ecological levels. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate to what extent responses on the AEII reflect the hypothesized ecological factor structure. The model of variables from the intervention to external environment level was not reflected within the factor structure here. Rather, factors emerged that were not previously accounted for in the implementation variables literature. Implications for future research on the measurement of treatment integrity and implementation variables are described.
Providing a Passport to the Future for Foster Youth: A Case for Educational Leadership and Policy
Authors: Beard Karen Stansberry , Gates Stanley E.
Published: June 2018

Carol, a teen forced into foster care, must learn how to navigate the path/road to postsecondary education. This case follows Carol’s matriculation through high school and the challenges she faces while trying to achieve her dream of going to college. Several challenges Carol encounters are discussed, such as her lack of higher education awareness, her need for tuition assistance, and aging out of foster care. The purpose of this case is to encourage future leaders to enhance opportunities for vulnerable populations, thus, it should be useful for students in education policy, educational administration, and higher education leadership.
IRB Oversight of Patient-Centered Outcomes Research: A National Survey of IRB Chairpersons
Authors: Weissman Joel S. , Campbell Eric G. , Cohen I. Glenn , Lynch Holly Fernandez , Largent Emily A. , Gupta Avni , Rozenblum Ronen , Abraham Melissa , Spikes Karen , Fagan Maureen , Carnie Martie
Published: June 2018

Patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) is becoming increasingly common. However, there is little evidence regarding what novel ethical challenges, if any, are posed by PCOR with relevance to institutional review board (IRB) oversight and human subjects protections. This article reports the results of a national survey of all IRB chairpersons from research-intensive institutions in the United States. Findings address the responsibilities of IRBs and the challenges associated with PCOR review and oversight. IRB chairpersons varied in their judgment of PCOR’s overall value to the scientific enterprise and to research at their institution. Furthermore, 27% of respondents considered patients serving in nontraditional roles to be research subjects even when they are not enrolled in research. There was also variation in the training and safeguards their IRBs require for patient partners. Our results suggest that guidance should be developed around ethical and regulatory issues associated with PCOR oversight.
Fiction, war and criminology
Authors: Ruggiero Vincenzo
Published: June 2018

This article proposes an understanding of war and criminology through the use of the creative sources offered by literature. These sources, while communicating exemplary meanings and morals, can help describe and comprehend the social and cultural landscapes of war and crime. Stendhal and Tolstoy are chosen as classical major providers of such sources, and an analysis of their respective novels, The Charterhouse of Parma and War and Peace, will offer support to the idea that the inclusion of war in criminological thinking is timely as well as necessary.
Design Lessons From the Analysis of Nurse Journeys in a Hospital Ward
Authors: Nazarian Masoumeh , Price Andrew , Demian Peter , Malekzadeh Masoud
Published: June 2018

Objective:

The objective is to establish design strategies to help minimize nurse journeys and inform future decision-making. The impact of the ward layout was investigated through a case study ward in a multispecialty hospital in Tehran.

Background:

Nurse teams have the most direct contact with ward patients. Time spent on activities not part of care provision should be minimized. Literature suggests that a significant part of nurses’ time is spent moving between different places within wards, which emphasizes the importance of ward layout.

Methods:

The ethnographic method was adopted for observing nurses’ actions based on routes that form a significant share of nurses’ daily journeys. Data were collected from 42 nursing staff over 120 hr during different shifts. This provided empirical data on the frequency of each journey which revealed meaningful patterns. Approximately 1,300 room-to-room journeys were made. Conclusions were drawn about the criticality of each route.

Results:

There is a significant difference between the frequencies of different routes in the case study ward. The distances between origins and destinations of the most frequently used journeys must remain minimal. Awareness of less frequent routes allows for greater flexibility in ward design.

Conclusion:

Arrangement of ward spaces can minimize journey times. Healthcare planners and designers can explore the implications of chosen systems on walking distance and, consequently, the nursing staff productivity. For existing wards, rearrangement of space utilization can improve staff productivity. The recommendations can be applied wherever productivity is influenced by walking distances.
China’s soft power from the BRICS to the BRI
Authors: Sparks Colin
Published: June 2018

This article considers the opportunities and difficulties in extending China’s cultural influence, usually termed ‘soft power’, among those of its close neighbours through which it is envisaged the construction of the ‘New Silk Road’ will pass. The article considers three variables that can be argued to have an effect on the degree of cultural influence a nation can wield: the degree of media independence from the state, the overall size of the economy and the relative prosperity of the individual members of a society. It argues that in those countries that are near neighbours to China, it does have some resources that can promote its cultural influence but that it also faces local and global competitors who can deploy alternative resources.
Restless Legs Syndrome Negatively Impacts Worker Health and Safety
Authors: McCullagh Marjorie C.
Published: June 2018

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder contributing to worker absenteeism, decline in productivity, and employer costs. Identification of workers at risk for RLS can contribute to improved worker sleep, safety, and quality of life.
Serum IFN-γ levels predict the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in active rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yang Yi , He Xiao , Zhao Rongseng , Guo Wei , Zhu Ming , Xing Wei , Jiang Dongpo , Liu Chongyang , Xu Xiang
Published: June 2018

Background

To explore the mechanism of the different clinical efficacies of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) and identify a possible serum biomarker for predicting the therapeutic effect of MSCT in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods

A total of 105 patients with persistently active RA and poor responses to traditional medication were randomly divided into MSCT and control groups. Outcomes were evaluated according to the 28-joint Disease Activity Score and Health Assessment Questionnaire, serological indicators, regulatory T cell (Treg) to T helper 17 (Th17) cell ratio, and inflammatory cytokine levels. Twelve weeks after MSCT, the outcomes of the MSCT group were evaluated according to the European League against Rheumatism response criteria. Patients with a good or moderate response were added to the response group, and those with no response were added to the no-response group.

Results

No serious adverse events were reported for either MSCT subgroup (28 in the response group and 24 in the no-response group). The therapeutic effects lasted for 48 weeks without continuous administration. Notably, a transient increase in serum IFN-γ (>2 pg/ml) levels was observed in the response group, but not in the no-response group. Furthermore, an increase in IL-10 levels and the Treg/Th17 ratio and a reduction in IL-6 levels appeared 2–3 weeks after the transient IFN-γ increase.

Conclusions

Allogeneic MSCT is safe and feasible, and we propose high serum IFN-γ levels as a potent biomarker for predicting MSCT response.

Trial registration chictr.org, ChiCTR-ONC-16008770. Registered 3 July 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=14820
An energy-efficient sleep scheduling mechanism with similarity measure for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wan Runze , Xiong Naixue , Loc Nguyen The
Published: June 2018

In wireless sensor networks, the high density of node’s distribution will result in transmission collision and energy dissipation of redundant data. To resolve the above problems, an energy-efficient sleep scheduling mechanism with similarity measure for wireless sensor networks (ESSM) is proposed, which will schedule the sensors into the active or sleep mode to reduce energy consumption effectively. Firstly, the optimal competition radius is estimated to organize the all sensor nodes into several clusters to balance energy consumption. Secondly, according to the data collected by member nodes, a fuzzy matrix can be obtained to measure the similarity degree, and the correlation function based on fuzzy theory can be defined to divide the sensor nodes into different categories. Next, the redundant nodes will be selected to put into sleep state in the next round under the premise of ensuring the data integrity of the whole network. Simulations and results show that our method can achieve better performances both in proper distribution of clusters and improving the energy efficiency of the networks with prerequisite of guaranteeing the data accuracy.