bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Cross-Tabulation Analysis of Oral Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Ahmad Wan Muhamad Amir W , Ghazali Farah Muna Mohamad , Yaqoob Muhammad Azeem , Alawthah Ghazi Hamad , Srivastava Kumar Chandan , Shrivastava Deepti , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives:

According to the global cancer situation, which is very alarming, with over 10 million new diagnoses and more than 6 million deaths each year globally, cancer is one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality today. One of the cancers is oral cancer. Oral cancer is the irregular development of malignant cells in the oral cavity. The study's objective was to decide the mortality of cross-tabulation among patients treated for oral carcinoma from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan, Malaysia.

Materials and Methods:

This chapter summarizes the medical history for 7 years from January 2011 to December 2018 of patients who have been treated for oral carcinoma in the Hospital USM, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Unit. Each patient's complete medical record was checked, and data gathered were based on age, gender, site lesion, clinical diagnosis, and mortality. Version 26.0 of the SPSS software was used to evaluate the correlation and distribution of patient survival.

Results:

This was a retrospective cross-sectional review of the medical evidence of 117 patients infected for oral carcinoma at OMFS (Hospital USM). Sixty-seven (57.26%) of the patients were male and fifty (42.74%) were female. Patient age ranged from 25 to 93 years. Malay has the highest prevalence (85.5%) in oral carcinoma, followed by a second ethnic group, Chinese (7.7%). The result indicates that the majority of oral carcinoma patients were over 60 years old.Cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma have proved to be the most prevalent malignant tumour in the mouth cavity. The largest number of cases collected is 91% of the data collected. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (10%) is the second most common small salivary gland tumor.

Conclusion:

OSCC is the most prevalent kind of oral cancer. According to the data review, the most popular site for oral cancer is the tongue.
The Effectiveness of the Bilobed Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jha Rohit Kumar , Jami Sreeja , Tiwari Rahul V. C. , Purohit Jayendra , Vipindas A. P. , Ibrahim Mohammed , Binyahya Fatima Abdullah
Published: February 2023

Background:

Cosmetic defects after the major orofacial disease corrections may have an effect on the overall well-being of the patient. Head-and-neck cosmetic surgeries after a major episode of oral cancer impact the functional ability of the individual in several ways. In general, two types of flap are used in reconstructive surgery: microvascular free flaps and regional pedicle flaps. In socioeconomically poor countries like India, bilobed pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap has been seen as a mainstay in facial reconstructive surgeries.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was conducted on 100 individuals with oral neoplasm who underwent resective surgery had a soft-tissue defect. All the complications that arose after reconstructive surgery were noted. Simple proportions were recorded.

Results:

Majority of the individuals had the buccal mucosa as the common site of oral neoplasm, and the tumor nodes and metastases staging was I + II. One individual sustained total flap necrosis. Wound infection and dehiscence were the most common complications.

Conclusions:

PMMC is best proven for flap reconstruction in oral neoplasm cases. It is established to be effective with good acceptability and very few complications. Due to these reasons, in spite of the known advances in facial reconstructive surgeries, this technique is widely followed in developing countries.
A Comparative Evaluation of Transbuccal versus Transoral Approach for the Management of Mandibular Angle Fractures
Authors: Sehrawat Kritika , Malik Bhavna , Vallabha H. V. , Vaishnavi Amrutham Bhavya , Pendyala Siva Kumar , Ibrahim Mohammed , Binyahya Fatima Abdullah
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

In the facial bones, the angle of the mandible is the common site of fractures. Furthermore, it is the site with the highest number of complications after fracture and hence needs an efficient fixation. The right approach is still debatable for the angle fractures. In the light of these factors, we evaluated the transoral and the transbuccal approaches for the treatment of fractures at the angle of the mandible.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty patients were equally divided into two groups of transoral and transbuccal methods. The parameters such as ease of access, surgical time, occlusion, postsurgical infection, fracture gaps, scarring, and complications were noted, and the values that were compared were statistically analyzed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

No significant variations were seen in the variables such as ease of access, occlusion, postsurgical infection, and fracture gaps. Surgical time was significantly less for the transoral method. Negligible scarring was noted in the transbuccal method.

Conclusion:

Although both the methods were comparable, the transbuccal approach was more efficient for the mandibular angular fracture treatment.
The Pandemic Impact of COVID 19 on Orthodontic Practice
Authors: Dhanasekaran Muralidharan , Shaga I. Bevin , Ponniah Harish , Sankaranarayanan Padmasree , Nagappan Nagappan , Parameswaran T. M.
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The objective of this study was to determine the problem encountered by an orthodontist due to suspended treatment during and after lockdown COVID 19 and to assess the pandemic impact on orthodontic practices.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey conducted among orthodontist in India. The pilot study was conducted to estimate the sample size and final sample size is 263 participants. The predesigned and validated, self-administered, structured 10 questions related to the impact of an orthodontist and their orthodontic practices during and after COVID 19 are used. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (V 22.0) the frequency distribution was computed.

Results:

The result showed that 81% orthodontist were reported that routine orthodontic treatment was disturbed due to this COVID 19 lockdown, about 79.1% reported hospital/clinic was closed due to lockdown with a duration of more than 1 month. Still, 64.6% orthodontist handling their orthodontic emergencies through telecommunication and 47.9% of orthodontist received a complaint about fixed appliance among all other appliances. Due to the current situation, 41.4% orthodontist suggested 3–6 months' period required to normalize the current situation and 66.9% agreed that there will be decline in orthodontic treatment need after COVID 19.

Conclusion:

Owing to the high virulence activity, elective procedures have been postponed and can manage a patient through virtual teleconsultation. Reassurance of the patient is needed regarding prolonged treatment duration due to this COVID 19 pandemic.
Facemask Therapy in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Kumar Saurav , Verma Gaurav , Hassan Nadira , Anjan Ravi , Khan Rehan Ahmad , Shaikh Sana
Published: February 2023

Background:

Midfacial hypoplasia is a common feature in patients with combined cleft lip and palate. The current study was done to assess the effect of facemask (FM) therapy in patients with unilateral cleft palate.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 16 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate were treated with maxillary transversal discrepancy with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) followed by FM therapy. After the completion of the RME treatment, the same appliance was used for protraction. Radiographs were taken after removing the RME appliance (T1) and at the end of the FM treatment after removing the appliance (T2).

Results:

There were 5 males and 11 females. SNA was 73.1° and 79.4°, SNB was 75.2° and 72.4°, ANB was −3.21° and 2.90°, SN-PP was 11.2° and 10.4°, Co-A was 84.3 mm and 87.5 mm, A-HR was 55.2 mm and 57.8 mm, A-VR was 62.4 mm and 64.7 mm, and SN-MP was 38.2 mm and 41.5 mm before and after treatment, respectively.

Conclusion:

FM proved to be beneficial in causing significant improvement in patients having combined cleft lip and palate.
To Evaluate the Marginal Adaptation of Porcelain Fused to Metal Crown with Different Base Metal Alloys
Authors: Thakur Manoj Kumar , Mishra Amit Kumar , Verma Tanya , Thota Lenin Babu , Saurabh Sandeep , Kumar Deepak
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The success of any restoration depends on the marginal seal. The adaptation of castings, luting cement, and the surface structures of the margins are all important factors in achieving marginal seal.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical marginal discrepancy of cast copings obtained by employing conventional casting technique with two different base metal alloys with two different finish lines before and after porcelain firing.

Material and Methods:

A total of forty wax copings were fabricated with stainless steel die assembly and divided into four groups with ten specimens for each metal and each finish line. Measurements were recorded from coping margin to the stainless steel die margin for vertical marginal gap recordings. Each metal coping was finished, and porcelain application was completed. Copings with porcelain were placed on their respective dies, again subjected to the same measuring microscope for checking the vertical marginal discrepancy by the same operator and results.

Results:

The results of the present study showed that the mean vertical marginal gaps of all the cast copings obtained in each group (G1–G8) were within clinically acceptable limits. The mean vertical marginal gap of G1 was 135.36 ± 2.30 μm, G2 was 67.22 ± 4.25 μm, G3: 39.47 ± 2.98 μm, G4: 71.00 ± 3.97 μm, G5: 109.57 ± 2.98 μm, G6: 109.57 ± 2.98 μm, and G8: 114.58 ± 2.40 μm.

Conclusion:

The difference in the vertical marginal gap of cast copings obtained in different groups was statistically highly significant at 0.005 level, while the difference in the vertical marginal gap of cast copings obtained at different points was statistically nonsignificant.
Assessment of Periodontal Status in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Agrawal Richa , Ahmed Hina , Soorgani Neeharika , Naik Laxman , Reddy Shyamsunder , Medabalmi Madhuchander
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Periodontitis is inflammation of periodontium. Periodontal disease is associated with various risk factors among which female hormonal alterations such as menopause have been found to be connected with periodontal breakdown and osteoporosis in women. The aim of this study was to determine the periodontal status in pre- and postmenopausal females.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, 60 female patients were analyzed aged between 40 and 60 years. Group 1 (test) comprised 30 premenopausal women with/without chronic periodontitis and Group II (control) comprised 30 postmenopausal women with/without chronic periodontitis. After recording clinical parameters, the scores were provided using Orthopantomograph for each patient. Paired t-test was applied for intragroup comparison and independent sample t-test was applied for intergroup comparison. The value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The mean plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment loss scores in the premenopausal group were less as compared to postmenopausal group. Both the groups showed statistically significant differences with T=15.28 and P = 0.01.

Conclusion:

Postmenopausal women are more susceptible to periodontitis. Hence, precaution and initial management of oral diseases should be the utmost priority in women's health. The effect of sex hormones can be reduced with regular dental examination, maintaining good oral hygiene, and hormonal replacement therapies.
Can Healthy Eating Index Be a Predictor for Early Childhood Caries in Indian Children
Authors: Krishna H. V. N. Sai , Kumar C. H. Sravan , Krishna Appam Sai , Bandarii Sri Rama Chandra Murthy , Garine Laxman , Yellavula Sai Kiran
Published: February 2023

Objective:

To assess whether Healthy Eating Index (HEI) can predict Error correction code (ECC) in children of 3–6 year old.

Materials and Methods:

Our sample included 350 3–6 year old children attending outpatient department of Pedodontia. Caries score was assessed using decayed, missing, and filled teeth index and HEI was used to evaluate the diet quality.

Results:

About 65.9% of the children who were breast feeding and bottle feeding at night had higher S-ECC and it was statistically significant (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

HEI scores were inversely related to caries severity, i.e. HEI score was significantly higher in simple ECC (57.4) and lesser in S-ECC (53.2).
Practice of Occlusal Splint Therapy for Treating Temporomandibular Disorders by General Dentists of Jabalpur – A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Sabhlok Anubhuti , Gupta Shreya , Girish Muktha , Rahul Ramesh KV , Shrivastava Harshit , Hota Sadananda
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study was to conduct a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey concerning the practice of occlusal splint for treating temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) by the dental practitioners of Jabalpur.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire containing questions on diagnosis, treatment, and management of TMD was given to a total of 157 general dental practitioners in Jabalpur. The responses were collected; data analysis was done by Chi-square test.

Results:

Of the General Dental Practitioner's, nearly 78% of participants did not attend any continuing dental education on TMD per year. More than 10 years of experience (82%) was associated with increase in positive response for treatment of TMD patient. Both the diagnosis and treatment of TMD patient were done using combination methods. The duration of splint use was considered patient dependent (42.27%) irrespective of the years of practice. Soft splint was most commonly employed for treatment, and fabrication of splint was done on hinge and mean value articulator.

Conclusion:

The knowledge of occlusal splint by general practitioners was found to be insufficient for treating TMDs.
Role of Facial Index and Odontometric Parameters in the Establishment of Stature and Gender of Individuals
Authors: Gopinath Tarunikaa , Ganesh Suryaprakash , Subramani Vijaya Nirmala
Published: February 2023

Background:

Dental anthropology is an important aspect of bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. In forensic anthropological studies, identifying an unknown individual from a mangled and decomposing body is a challenging task. Cranial remains are the only critical clues available for personal identification. Age, sex, and stature are significant parameters in establishing the identity of an unrecognized individual. Stature is the natural height of the individual in an upright position. Stature can be estimated from various parts of the body such as long bones, short bones, and skull. Few studies conducted in specific population have established a correlation for predicting stature from cephalometric and odontometric parameters. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine stature and gender based on cephalometric and odontometric parameters in the population of Tamil Nadu.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of predicting the stature and gender of an individual based on odontometric measurements, facial height, and bizygomatic width.

Materials and methods:

A total of seventy individuals in the age group of 18–24 years were selected for the study. The facial height, bizygomatic width and length, mesiodistal and labiolingual diameter of clinical crown of maxillary central, lateral and canine teeth of both the right and left quadrants were measured. The values were analyzed statistically. Through this analysis, regression equations for estimation of stature from odontometric and facial index were derived.

Results:

Pearson correlation test was carried out to establish a correlation between the stature and the measured parameters. Regression analysis was carried out to establish stature from the odontometric and facial index of the individual. The regression equations were used to get estimated stature in the same sample of volunteers from which regression equations were obtained. Tabulated results showed a probable correlation between various parameters.

Conclusion:

In our study, a positive correlation between cephalometric measurements, gender, crown length of permanent left central incisor, and combined mesiodistal diameter of permanent maxillary anteriors with stature was found. This can be used as a supplementary method for estimating the stature of unknown human bodies.
Prevalence of Titanium Hypersensitivity in Patients with Titanium Implants
Authors: Singh Rajsandeep , Lehl Gurvanit , Hussain Arshad Bin , Abhang Tejal Nivrutti , Kulkarni Manisha Mangesh , Elagib Mohamed Fadul A. , Tiwari Rahul V. C.
Published: February 2023

Background:

With increase in exposure to titanium in daily life and its use in medical procedures, there is a greater chance for developing titanium hypersensitivity. Our aim and objective is to examine whether patient patients with titanium implants had a greater incidence of titanium hypersensitivity or not. Titanium is widely considered to have good biocompatibility. A passivating surface layer of TiO2 is formed when exposed to air which gives it good corrosion resistance. These properties along with its high strength, lightweight, and improvements in smelting technologies have led to its widespread use as an intraosseous and periosteal implant in dentistry and orthopedics.

Materials and Methods:

Only case–control studies were used for the meta-analysis. Studies with a sample size of <5 were excluded. Cutaneous and epicutaneous tests were used in the study.

Results:

Three studies met the inclusion criteria. Titanium hypersensitivity is more prevalent in patients with titanium implants.

Conclusions:

It is also used in a variety of medical devices such as pacemakers and insulin pumps. Moreover, our external exposure to titanium is increasing. It is used in aerospace, chemical, and automobile industries. It is also used in jewelry, home furnishings, and in making sports and marine equipment. Titanium implants increase the possibility of developing titanium hypersensitivity, and thus, it should be considered as a major factor in unexplained implant failure where other causes have been excluded.
Evaluation of In vivo Antimalarial Property of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Night Jasmine) Leaves
Authors: Das Lopamudra , Panigrahi Ashok Kumar , Biswal Sashi Bhusan , Bisoi Debasis
Published: February 2023

Background:

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (NAT) is an ornamental garden plant traditionally used for treating many diseases such as helminthiasis, arthritis, and malaria.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to validate the ethnobotanical uses of the antimalarial activity of leaves of NAT by in vivo tests.

Materials and Methods:

Leaves of NAT were identified and authenticated and phytoconstituents of NAT were identified. The antimalarial activity of NAT was studied in in vivo for its schizonticidal activity, repository activity, and curative tests in Swiss albino mice by using Plasmodium berghei (ANKA).

Statistical Analysis Used:

One-way ANOVA was done for comparison of different groups followed by post hoc analysis (Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests). Level of significance was at P < 0.05.

Results:

The mean schizonticidal activity of NAT increased from 14.21 to 46.15 (P < 0.01) with doses ranging from 100 to 200 mg/kg compared to 67.29 with that of chloroquine (CQ). The repository activity with NAT doses 100–200 mg/kg increased from 12.91 to 42.85 (P < 0.01) compared to 78.79 in pyrimethamine 1.2 mg/kg/day. In Rane's test, there was chemosuppression in range of 55.50–65.02 (P < 0.01) with NAT in doses of 100–200 mg/kg compared to 74.15 with that of CQ 5 mg/kg.

Conclusions:

The antiplasmodial activity of NAT might be like that of artemisinin by producing oxidative stress mostly due to the iridoid glycosides. The active phytoconstituent(s) responsible may be tested individually or in combination both by in vitro and in vivo studies to identify the active chemical ingredient.
Cephalometric Evaluation Based on Steiner's Analysis on Adults of Bihar
Authors: Jha Mrigank Shekhar
Published: February 2023

Aim:

To evaluate the mean cephalometric values for Steiner Analysis in bihar population.

Objectives:

To evaluate the cephalometric features of a bihar population and to present_an organized, comprehensive cephalometric norms for Steiner cephalometric analysis.. To introduce mean values to assess skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship using Steiner analysis for orthodontic diagnosis.. To compare standards that will be derived with the earlier established norms for other population.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in the Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences And Hospital, Patna(Bihar). The sample was collected from the out patient department of the same college.

Source of the Data:

The present analysis was made on lateral cephalograms of 60 subjects with well balanced and acceptable facial profile of Bihar population. The subjects were informed about the purpose of the study.

Methods of Collection of Data:

Subjects with age group of 18-26 years with dento-alveolar class I malocclusion and acceptable facial profile were selected by trained orthodontists, who belonged to the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences And Hospital.

Results and Conclusion:

There was increase in SNA angle, SNB angle, SND angle, in Bihar population than Caucasians. Bihar population has proclined and forwardly placed upper and lower incisors, which was indicative of bimaxillary protrusion as compared to Caucasians. Bihar population had protrusive upper and lower lips as compared to Caucasians. Bihar population males had tendency towards horizontal growth pattern of the mandible than females. Bihar females had more proclined lower incisors than males
Intraoperative Management of Recurrent Leukoplakia at Red Zone
Authors: Elengkumaran S. , Deepak C. , Sargunam A. Emmanuel Dhiravia , Ravindran C. , Rajan Sharada T.
Published: February 2023

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potentially malignant oral disorder (PMOD) that sometimes trans-form into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OL is one of the most frequent PMODs seen in the oral cavity. The global prevalence of OL is approximately 2.6%, with its worst prognosis of undergoing a malignant transformation. Leukoplakia is clinically divided into red zones (tongue and floor of mouth) and nonred zones (buccal mucosa, palate, and soft palate) areas. The red zone areas have more potency of transforming into malignancy. Hence, patients with red zone areas need to be followed up more frequently and treated appropriately. This case report signifies the importance of treating one such case of leukoplakia at red zone area.
Effect of Acidic Beverages on Color Stability and Microhardness of Various Esthetic Restorative Materials
Authors: Rathod Aradhana , Vadavadagi Suneel V. , Verma Tanya , Kumar Pawan , Deepak Potluri Venkataratna , Deb Saikat , Iqbal Azhar
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of acidic beverages on color stability and microhardness of various esthetic restorative materials.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 samples were included in the present study. Group I: Microhybrid composite resin, Group II: Nanoceramic, Group III: ORMOCER (Organically Modified Ceramics). 10 mm internal diameter and 5 mm depth of cylindrical aluminum mold of were utilized to prepare the samples. All the esthetic restorative samples were submerged for 10 min in 25 ml of acidic drink (Coca-Cola) each day up to 15 days. Vickers diamond intender was used to measure the microhardness of each sample. These values were calculated with baseline, 7th, and 15th days for final microhardness values.

Results:

The mean surface microhardness of 63.20 ± 0.46 was shown by Group III which was slightly more than that in Group II (60.08 ± 0.34) and Group I (58.10 ± 1.76). Analysis of covariance did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups. The samples in Group I showed the highest reduction in surface microhardness value after immersion into acidic drink, followed by Group II and Group III on 7th day and 15th day. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) was found on the 7th day.

Conclusion:

The present study concludes that the Organically Modified Ceramics esthetic restorative material showed the finest behavior after being dipped in the acidic drink followed next by Nanoceramic and Microhybrid composite resin.
Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Rajan Sharada T. , Elengkumaran S , Narasimhan Malathi , Ravindran C.
Published: February 2023

Pleomorphic sarcomas are extremely rare in the oral cavity, representing only 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas in the extremities of adults. They form a group of highly undifferentiated pleomorphic malignant tumors. A 36-year-old male reported to the OP with a chief complaint of a tooth ache in the right lower quadrant for the past 6 months. The patient gave a history of extraction of a mobile tooth in that region. A radiograph of the region was advised. An incisional biopsy was also done and sent for histopathological examination. The microscopy revealed the presence of spindle-shaped cells showing dysplastic features. A panel of immunohistochemical markers were performed to identify the tissue of origin of the lesion. The article details the clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features of a pleomorphic soft tissue lesion along with the array of immunohistochemical markers, leading to the final diagnosis of such enigmatic lesions.
The Potential Combination of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Fruit Extract and Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) Leaves Extract as an Anti-Dandruff Shampoo
Authors: Ambarwati Ambarwati , Sujono Tanti Azizah , Sintowati Retno
Published: February 2023

Aims:

The study aimed to determine the inhibition activity of a combination of Noni fruit extract and Pandan leaves extract toward bacterial isolates that cause dandruff and to determine the potential of extract combination as an anti-dandruff shampoo.

Subjects and Methods:

The test bacteria were isolated from dandruff. The inhibition test of the extract combination was done by paper disc and well diffusion method. The identification of bacterial isolates was done in Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Yogyakarta.

Results:

The study showed that the density of bacteria isolated from dandruff was 3.4 × 107 CFU/g. There were 28 pure bacteria isolates from purification process. The combination of Noni and Pandan extracts (1:1 v/v) could inhibit the growth of 92.9% bacterial isolates. There were seven species of bacteria from a total of 28 pure isolates, namely: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus alvei, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus sp, Stomatococcus sp, and Pseudomonas sp.

Conclusions:

Based on the research, it can be concluded that a combination of Noni fruit extract and Pandan leaves extract inhibited the growth of bacteria isolated from dandruff, so the combination of the extracts has potential as an anti-dandruff shampoo.
Bond Strength of Acrylic Denture Tooth to a Novel Thermo-Polymerized Denture Base Copolymer Containing Cycloaliphatic Comonomer after Mechanical and Thermal Aging
Authors: Ajay Ranganathan , Praveena Kanagesan , Rajkumar Krishnan , Krishnaraj Ranganathan , Preethisuganya Selvakumar , Suma Karthigeyan
Published: February 2023

Background:

There are numerous artificial denture tooth materials available of which acrylic resin teeth were used widely. The resin teeth bond chemically to the denture base resin, and this bonding is affected by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The type of cross-linker in the denture base monomer is one such factor which has a questionable influence on the bond strength. Recently, cycloaliphatic comonomer was added in the methyl methacrylate monomer and the resultant novel copolymer possessed good physico-mechanical and biological properties.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) between acrylic denture tooth and resultant novel copolymer after cyclic loading and thermal aging.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty central incisor denture teeth were bonded to three types of acrylic denture base resin groups (n = 20 per group) categorized based on the presence of the cycloaliphatic comonomer – Control group (G0): denture bases without cycloaliphatic comonomer and trial groups G10 and G20 contain 10 vol.% and 20 vol.% comonomer, respectively, substituted in the denture base monomer component. The specimens were processed and subjected to cyclic loading and thermal aging which was then followed by SBS testing.

Results:

G20 possessed the highest SBS followed by G10. G0 had the least SBS. All the specimens of the control and trial groups exhibited adhesive–cohesive mixed failure at the resin tooth–base resin interface.

Conclusion:

The addition of cycloaliphatic comonomer increased the SBS between the resultant novel copolymer and the resin teeth after cyclic loading and thermal aging.
The Effect of Joint Surface Preparations and Chemical Surface Treatment on the Transverse Strength of Repaired Denture Base Resin
Authors: Ranjan Madhu , Chatterjee Ujjal , Singh Reshu , Sharma Saumya , Mahajan Harsh , Anand Rohit
Published: February 2023

Aim:

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of joint surface preparations and chemical surface treatment given to prepared surface on the transverse strength of repaired denture base resin.

Methodology:

Two hundred and twenty specimens (DPI India) were randomly allocated into eight groups (n = 10), according to the combination of joint surface preparation (Butt joint, 45° bevel, and rounded joint) and chemical surface treatment (methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and methyl methacrylate) for 30 and 60 s each. Specimens, after surface treatment, were repaired with self-cured resin (DPI India) and then subjected to 3-point bending test to measure transverse strength. Fractured surfaces were viewed under stereomicroscope and subjected to AutoCAD analysis to determine type of failure (adhesive or cohesive) and measure their area. Measurement data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, paired t-test, Dunnett's D test, and multiple comparison Bonferroni t-test, with a 5% significance level.

Results:

Most of the comparisons between the test specimens were statistically significant. Specimens (methylene chloride for 60 s and rounded joint) show 60%–70% gain of strength.

Conclusions:

For providing better bond strength to a repaired specimen, the segment of fractured specimens to be provided “Rounded joint” preparation with etching by methylene chloride for 60 s.
Quadruple Score
Authors: Brahmachari Swagata , Vasuniya Vikram , Mukherjee Soma , Chaurasia Aditi
Published: February 2023

Background:

Triple test was a breakthrough in the initial screening of breast cancer due to its high sensitivity, but it has few limitations. To overcome those limitations, we developed a novel quadruple score which included physical examination, ultrasound, mammography, and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Aim:

The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value of a novel quadruple score for the initial screening of breast cancer.

Methodology:

This retrospective study was conducted on 320 patients having breast lump to the Breast Cancer Outpatient Department of AIIMS, Bhopal. The physical examination findings, breast sonography findings, mammography, and FNAC findings were recorded in the set pro forma, these were later analyzed, and a cumulative scoring was done categorizing patients in the benign, dubious, and malignant category according to the QTS score. These findings were then validated and compared by histopathology.

Results:

Statistical results show a positive covariance σ suggesting the positive relation between them; also, the correlation coefficient was 0.9996 suggesting a strong linear correlation. On comparing the accuracy of all four variables as physical examination, USG, mammography and FNAC individually and QTS, the accuracy of QTS was highest i.e 99.44%.

Conclusion:

QTS is accurate and reliable diagnostic approach for evaluation of breast lumps. By using the quadruple scoring system, management of palpable breast lump will become more streamlined, providing a platform for managing discordant results, which can be followed universally.
Quantitative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris in Root Canals prepared by Single-file Reciprocating and Single File Rotary Instrumentation Systems
Authors: Sinha Sonal , Singh Konark , Singh Anju , Priya Swati , Kumar Avanindra , Kawle Sahil
Published: February 2023

Background:

Prevention of the debris from extruding to the periapical region is an important aspect to be taken care of as its extrusion can result in pain, periapical inflammation, and delayed healing owing to the presence of highly infective components in the debris.

Aim:

The present trial was aimed to compare and assess the amount of debris extruded apically using the single-file reciprocating system - WaveOne GOLD and single file rotary system - OneShape in root canal preparations in vitro.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty mandibular premolars were divided into two groups (15 samples each) prepared with a single-file reciprocating system - WaveOne GOLD and single-file rotary system - OneShape. Debris extruded was collected and then stored in an incubator. The final weight was calculated after obtaining the mean of three consecutive weights obtained for each tooth. The data were compared using the ANOVA and Turkey's post hoc analysis.

Results:

Debris extrusions were recorded in both groups and analysis revealed statistical differences in weight before and after the instrumentation procedures in both groups. When compared, reciprocating single file – WaveOne GOLD extruded more debris than rotary single file system – OneShape with a P < 0.001.

Conclusions:

The rotary instrumentation systems extrude lesser debris apically than the reciprocating instrumentation system. The difference found was statistically significant.
Analysis of Risk Factors Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Indian Population
Authors: Dhumale Annasaheb J. , Mohite Sachin , Rela Rathi , khan Shahla , Barbi Wagisha , Irfan Ahamed KA , Rangari Priyadarshini
Published: February 2023

Background:

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) describes the carcinomatous growth in the oral cavity. Recently, various authors have described increased SCC incidence in the young population. The distribution of SCC shows varied geographic spread, with the highest distribution in Asian countries.

Aims:

The present trial was carried out to assess the associated factors that could lead to increased risk of developing oral cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Oral examination was carried out for 21 participants by a dentist and any significant oral lesion or deleterious habit if present, was recorded. The data collected were analyzed.

Results:

Areca nut was chewed by 47.61% participants (n = 10), smoking tobacco by 76.19% (n = 16), chewing tobacco by 38.09% (n = 8), and consuming alcohol in 9 participants (42.85%). No significant difference was seen concerning age for any factor except alcohol which showed higher intake in the older group where six participants depicted alcohol intake as compared to three participants in the younger group. In participants who chewed areca nuts, 6 participants also smoked tobacco and 1 consumed alcohol. For tobacco chewing, 5 consumed alcohol and 6 also took tobacco as smoke.

Conclusion:

The present study showed that areca nut and tobacco chewing along with alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking increase the risk of developing SCC in the Indian population.
Assessment of Cytokine and Herpesvirus Level in Peri-implantitis and Healthy Patients
Authors: Sahoo Sanjay Kumar , Jalaluddin Mohammad , Bhuyan Lipsa , Dash Kailash Chandra , Mishra Silpiranjan , Mishra Pallavi
Published: February 2023

Background:

The present study was conducted to assess level of cytokine and herpesvirus in peri-implantitis and healthy patients.

Methodology:

Fifty patients with healthy dental implant (Group I) and dental implant with peri-implantitis (Group II) were enrolled. The level of interleukin (IL)-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, MCP-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and herpesvirus was estimated.

Results:

The mean IL-1 β level was 1.54 in Group I and 5.12 in Group II, IL-2 was 0.05 in Group I and 0.02 in Group II, IL-4 was 0.018 in Group I and 0.0021 in Group II, IL-6 was 0.83 in Group I and 0.92 in Group II, MCP-1 was 64.5 in Group I and 23.1 in Group II, and TNF-alpha was 1.54 in Group I and 1.05 in Group II. There was a significant higher level of TNF-alpha in virus + patients (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The cytokine level was increased in patients with peri-implantitis as compared to patients with healthy dental implants. Virus-positive patients exhibited higher cytokine levels than virus-negative patients.
Assessment of Awareness Regarding Health Hazards of Plastic Chemicals and their Warning Label among a Sample Population of Varanasi City
Authors: Sharma Parul , Bhagat Priyanka , Mandal M. B. , Singh T. B.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Plastic containers are widely used to store and serve edibles. In the production of some types of plastic, chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are used. These chemicals leach from the plastic containers into the edibles, get access into the biological systems, and cause a toxic impact on health.

Aim:

This cross-sectional survey was planned to assess the usage of food contact plastic and awareness regarding the health hazards of plastic chemicals and warning labels on plastic items among a sample population of Varanasi city.

Materials and Methods:

Data were collected by interviewing the 556 adult participants, using a prevalidated structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to test the association and P < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results:

Most of the participants were found to be following routine practices during cooking and storage of edibles which may expose them to BPA and BPS through the gut. Although many participants were aware that plastic may contain some type of chemicals which may enter the human body and harm human health in some way, they lacked precise knowledge regarding warning label like “BPA free plastic” “plastic containing BPA” and “food grade plastic.” Furthermore, none of the participants could recognize the “resin identification codes” correctly.

Conclusion:

Most of the participants had only elementary awareness of health risk of plastic usage. A significant number of participants lacked crucial information that can help them to make healthy choices as a consumer and use safe alternatives of plastic.
The Impact of COVID-19-Induced Factors on “Work from Home” of Employees
Authors: Verma Santosh Kumar , Kumar Barun Dev , Singh Neha , Kumari Priyanka , Ranjan Madhu , Verma Abhishek
Published: February 2023

Background:

COVID-19 pandemic resulted in lockdown affecting all businesses globally. Everyone was forced to work from home (WFH) leading to challenges in productivity and motivation.

Methodology:

One thousand working professionals who worked from home participated in the online survey with semi-structured questionnaire using nonprobability Snowball sampling technique. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the findings and to collect data method.

Results:

Participants were asked about their biggest worries during lockdown COVID-19 situation and their biggest worry was infection to COVID-19/death. Professionals were asked whether they were affected or not affected due to “WFH” in COVID situation. The questionnaire items were clubbed into six major categories of job role overload, lifestyle choices, family distraction, occupational discomfort, job performance, and distress, and majority categories were affected.

Conclusion:

Thus, it is observed that the increase in work commitments leads to distress among employees while distractions from family members disrupt the quality of work. While good job performance contributes to life satisfaction, distress significantly diminished it. This paves the way for more studies to be done on work–life balance under WFH arrangements for as long as the pandemic of COVID-19 is prevalent.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about radiation safety among the undergraduates in Eastern province dental college
Authors: Mahabob M. Nazargi , Alabdulsalam Mahmoud , Alabduladhem Abdulrahman , Alfayz Sulaiman , Alzuriq Abdullah , Almomin Ali Mohammed
Published: February 2023

Background:

Despite the fact that X-rays have a direct or indirect effect on tissues, imaging techniques have become an important part of modern dentistry, and dentists rely on them for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. This necessitates that dentists have adequate expertise and attitude in order to defend themselves and their patients.

Aim:

The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of clinical side dental students and General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) regarding dental radiation protection safety protocol.

Study Design:

It is a prospective cross-section study among dental undergraduates and GDPs.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred and sixteen participants took part in this study and comprised 116 clinical side dental students and GDPs. Participants' data were gathered through a questionnaire that asked about their knowledge and practice of radiation biology, danger, and protection. Collected data subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS 21. Pearson Chi-square test was done to evaluate the statistical significance. The P value fixed at ≤ 0.05 for significant.

Results:

From 116 participants, around 89.7%% of the participants believed that dental X-rays are harmful and 81% are having knowledge about annual radiation dose limit for a dentist, and overall, 56% of the participants were aware about the harmful effects of radiation exposure.

Conclusion:

There is a need to expand the curriculum to provide better exposure to radiation protection and its practice so that these students on graduation will be well-grounded with the principle governing dental radiography.
Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Property of Bioactive Glass Alone and its Combination with Chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis – An In vitro Study
Authors: Soumya S. , Gaffoor M. A. Faisal , Samuel Anoop , Gopakumar Rethi , Girish C. Sabari , Sajeena N. C.
Published: February 2023

Context:

One of the most common organisms responsible for root canal failure even after the usage of intracanal medicament is Enterococcus faecalis. Newer medicaments with higher antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis need to be analyzed.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial property of bioactive glass (BAG) alone and its combination with chlorhexidine (CHX) against E. faecalis.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty permanent maxillary single-rooted teeth were included in the study. These teeth were randomly divided into three groups of ten teeth each. Dentin blocks were prepared. After debris and smear layer removal, dentin blocks were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for 7 days for biofilm formation. Medications including BAG alone and combination of CHX with BAG were placed into the dentin blocks and incubated at 37°C for 72 h. Dentinal shavings were collected, and the mean bacterial count was recorded.

Statistical Analysis:

The comparison of colony-forming unit (CFU) counts was done using one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and unpaired t-test. The analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0 for Windows.

Results:

Based on the CFU count obtained after 72 h, compared to the control group, both Group 1 and Group 2 reduced the bacterial load effectively. In comparison with Group 1, Group 2 (combination) was found to be more effective against E. faecalis.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that although BAG was effective against E. faecalis, its efficacy increased significantly in combination with CHX.
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among the Health-Care Professionals
Authors: Mehrotra Anmol , Mehrotra Ankita , Babu Ashish K. , Ji Prachi , Mapare Sagar Arjun , Pawar Ranjit Omprakash
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The objective of the study is to determine the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices among the health-care workers (HCWs).

Materials and Methods:

The present questionnaire-based survey among 473 HCW comprising of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, technicians, and interns was carried out to know the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices among different HCW. Responses were recorded and data were assessed through descriptive statistics and by applying analysis of variance, Chi-square, and z-tests.

Results:

Maximum of doctors (98.7%), nurses (80.4%), interns (73.3%), pharmacists (70.8%), and technicians (67.1%) responded correctly that oral health is related to systemic health followed by treating a decayed tooth is equally important as treating other body ailments. Doctors revealed higher mean knowledge scores in comparison with other HCW. A significant difference is noted with regard to frequency of dental visit (P = 0.000), reason behind dental visit (P = 0.001), and barrier for not visiting the dentist (P = 0.013) among males and females. Similarly, a significant difference is noted with regard to frequency of dental visit (P = 0.001), dentist familiarizing about the treatment (P = 0.001), and his concern about the patients (P = 0.001) among between different HCW.

Conclusion:

From the results of the present study, a variation in oral health knowledge was observed among different HCW. All the participants showed a positive attitude toward professional dental care.