bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation of structure and mechanism by Trm5 enzymes
Authors: Christian Thomas , Gamper Howard , Hou Ya-Ming
Published: July 2013

Enzymes of the Trm5 family catalyze methyl transfer from S-adenosyl methionine (AdoMet) to the N1 of G37 to synthesize m1G37-tRNA as a critical determinant to prevent ribosome frameshift errors. Trm5 is specific to eukaryotes and archaea, and it is unrelated in evolution from the bacterial counterpart TrmD, which is a leading anti-bacterial target. The successful targeting of TrmD requires detailed information on Trm5 to avoid cross-species inhibition. However, most information on Trm5 is derived from studies of the archaeal enzyme Methanococcus jannaschii (MjTrm5), whereas little information is available for eukaryotic enzymes. Here we use human Trm5 (Homo sapiens; HsTrm5) as an example of eukaryotic enzymes and demonstrate that it has retained key features of catalytic properties of the archaeal MjTrm5, including the involvement of a general base to mediate one proton transfer. We also address the protease sensitivity of the human enzyme upon expression in bacteria. Using the tRNA-bound crystal structure of the archaeal enzyme as a model, we have identified a single substitution in the human enzyme that improves resistance to proteolysis. These results establish conservation in both the catalytic mechanism and overall structure of Trm5 between evolutionarily distant eukaryotic and archaeal species and validate the crystal structure of the archaeal enzyme as a useful model for studies of the human enzyme.
Licensing and Competition for Services in Open Source Software
Authors: August Terrence , Shin Hyoduk , Tunca Tunay I.
Published: July 2013

Open source software is becoming increasingly prominent, and the economic structure of open-source development is changing. In recent years, firms motivated by revenues from software services markets have become the primary contributors to open-source development. In this paper we study the role of services in open source software development and explore the choice between open source and proprietary software. Specifically, our economic model jointly analyzes the investment and pricing decisions of the originators of software and of subsequent open-source contributors.

We find that if a contributor is efficient in software development, the originator should adopt an open-source strategy, allowing the contributor to offer higher total quality and capture the higher end of the market while the originator focuses on providing software services to lower end consumers. Conversely, if the contributor is not efficient in development, the originator should adopt a proprietary software development strategy, gaining revenue from software sales and squeezing the contributor out of the services market. In certain cases an increase in originator development efficiency can result in increased contributor profits. Finally, we find that, somewhat counterintuitively, an increase in contributor development efficiency can reduce overall social welfare.
Information Processing Pattern and Propensity to Buy: An Investigation of Online Point-of-Purchase Behavior
Authors: Mintz Ofer , Currim Imran S. , Jeliazkov Ivan
Published: July 2013

The information processing literature provides a wealth of laboratory evidence on the effects that the choice task and individual characteristics have on the extent to which consumers engage in alternative-based versus attribute-based information processing. Less attention has been paid to studying how the processing pattern at the point of purchase is associated with a consumer's propensity to buy in shopping settings. To understand this relationship, we formulate a discrete choice model and perform formal model comparisons to distinguish among several possible dependence structures. We consider models involving an existing measure of information processing, PATTERN; a latent variable version of this measure; and several new refinements and generalizations. Analysis of a unique data set of 895 shoppers on a popular electronics website supports the latent variable specification and provides validation for several hypotheses and modeling components. We find a positive relationship between alternative-based processing and purchase, as well as a tendency of shoppers in the lower price category to engage in alternative-based processing. The results also support the case for joint modeling and estimation. These findings can be useful for future work in information processing and suggest that likely buyers can be identified while engaged in information processing prior to purchase commitment, an important first step in targeting decisions.
Pricing Prototypical Products
Authors: Amaldoss Wilfred , He Chuan
Published: July 2013

When we think of colas, Coca-Cola first comes to mind. Products such as Cola-Cola, Tide laundry detergent, and Chapstick lip balm are the prototypical products in their respective categories. For more than three decades, research in consumer psychology has accumulated evidence on how prototypicality influences memory, shapes the composition of consideration set, and affects purchase decision. Yet there is no research on how it changes the competitive behavior of firms in a horizontally differentiated market. For example, some prototypical products are priced lower than other products in their category, whereas in certain other categories the prototypical product is priced higher. We propose a novel model of spatial competition, where the prototypicality of a product influences the probability of the product being included in consumers' consideration sets without affecting its valuation. Using the model, we examine theoretically the impact of prototypicality on the pricing decisions of competing firms. Our analysis shows that when consumer valuations are low, the prototypical product is priced lower than a nonprototypical product and earns more profits. However, when consumer valuations are high, the rank order of the prices of the prototypical product and a nonprototypical product is reversed, but not the order of profits. We subject these predictions to an empirical test. The experimental results lend support for the qualitative predictions of the model.
New urban activisms in Spain: reclaiming public space in the face of crises
Authors: Walliser Andrés
Published: July 2013

This paper examines the case of Madrid with examples of mobilisation and transformative actions in public spaces of the city. It discusses how virtualisation of networks and spaces through ICTs (information and communication technologies) has contributed to new patterns of mobilisation and social networks among participants and supporters. Following sections will give an account of the transformation of political action in the real and virtual public space of Madrid and on the evolution of Spanish urban social movements in relation to these issues, and the role of new urban activists in the governance patterns of the neoliberal city in crises.
Der Koran und seine Rezeption
Authors: Renate Würsch Renate
Published: July 2013

The focus of this paper lies on the Islamic approach to the Qurʾān, the exegesis of the text, and the significance of Qurʾānic revelation for Muslim societies (“Sitz im Leben”) for centuries up to the present day, paying also some attention to the history of the European perception of the Qurʾān, from which ultimately modern Western Qurʾānic research emerged. As an introduction, the specific formal and thematic features of the Qurʾān, Islam’s Holy Scripture, are explained and the history of the Qurʾānic text is summarized. The last topic is the historic, social, and literary contextualisation of the Qurʾān as well as its aesthetic dimension (e.g. the “audible” and the “visible” Qurʾān as artistic manifestations). The discussion includes a review of recent scholarship, which has developed some pioneering new concepts about early Qurʾānic textual history and the (re)location of the Qurʾān in its historical context in Late Antiquity.
Die Titelbilder der ‘Bible historiale’. Zwischen Standardisierung und Personalisierung
Authors: Flum Thomas
Published: July 2013

Bei der “Bible historiale” handelt es sich um ein heiliges Buch, das weder textlich noch im Hinblick auf seine Ausstattung zu einer endgültigen Form gefunden hat. Während sich der Text tendenziell der Vulgata annäherte, haben sich die Illustrationen von diesem Vorbild gelöst. Ein hohes Maß an Standardisierung erreichten die Bibeln in der Regierungszeit Johanns des Guten und Karls V. Dies steht in Zusammenhang mit dem besonderen Interesse des Hofes an französischsprachiger Literatur und der effizienten Pariser Buchproduktion. Es bildete sich unter anderem eine neue Variante der Maiestas Domini heraus, bei der Christus als Mittler zwischen Altem und Neuem Bund im Zentrum steht.

Um 1400 entstanden im Umkreis bedeutender Sammler wie dem Herzog von Berry Werke, deren Illustrationen sich ikonographisch und malerisch von dem erreichten Standard abhoben und individuelle Akzente setzten. Einige der neu entwickelten Titelbilder zeugen von theologisch fundiertem Wissen ihrer Auftraggeber oder Konzepteure. An erster Stelle sind hier die beiden allegorischen Titelbilder zu nennen, die auf Zitaten des Boethius basieren. Trotz dieser auffälligen Gemeinsamkeit unterscheiden sie sich in der Bildaussage: Im einen Fall steht der Aufstieg des Geistes in höhere Sphären im Mittelpunkt, im anderen die biblische Tradition der Weisheit und die Lehre vom Alten und Neuen Bund. Somit entfernen sich diese komplexen Miniaturen vom ursprünglichen Konzept der “Bible historiale”, das auf leichte Verständlichkeit abzielte.

Das Titelbild der Pariser Handschrift fr. 20087 mit Petrus Comestor lässt demgegenüber eine besondere Nähe zu den didaktischen Ursprüngen der “Bible historiale” erkennen. Es hebt die Bedeutung des Gelehrten für den Urtext hervor, indem es die Lehre von den ‚drei Räumen eines königlichen Palastes’ und jene vom dreifachen Schriftsinn der Bibel in einer Wortillustration thematisiert. Bei der Textvariante dieser Bibel handelt es sich jedoch – wie um diese Zeit allgemein üblich – um eine große “Bible historiale”. Die Grundidee der “Historia Scholastica”, die historischen Bücher der Bibel in chronologischer Reihenfolge zu präsentieren, ist hier längst aufgegeben, was zu einer Diskrepanz zwischen dem Titelbild und dem tatsächlichen Inhalt der Bibel führt.

Das letzte Beispiel, die Wortillustration zum ersten Psalm aus der Pariser Bibel fr. 9, gehört zu den wenigen großformatigen Titelbildern der “Bible historiale”, die nicht am Anfang eines Teilbandes stehen. Es variiert die erste Bildseite des Utrecht-Psalters und belegt, dass die Bildauswahl auch von kennerschaftlichen Aspekten geprägt sein konnte. Der Wunsch, eine bestimmte Vorlage zu zitieren, scheint der Anlass gewesen zu sein, diese Miniatur zu erschaffen. Aus den überlieferten Handschriften der “Bible historiale” lässt sich die Miniatur nicht erklären.
Different Individuals Named Khunes in the Cataract Region
Authors: Jiménez-Serrano Alejandro
Published: July 2013

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the epigraphic data which contains the name of Khunes, recently enriched with some inscriptions from the island of Sehel. One of the texts can surely be dated to the reign of Pepy I. This has provoked some confusion among scholars with regard to chronology. Most of the inscriptions contain the name of Khunes, and these were identified with a single individual who should have been lived under the reign of Pepy I, Merenre and Pepy II. This identification has not taken into account the different titles mentioned. In this context, tomb nº 34h at Qubbet el-Hawa, prepared for a high official of Elephantine called Khunes, emerges as an important element in the chronological debate, given that it cannot be dated to before the end of Pepy II’s reign.
Une note sur Ipouer XII, 13–14
Authors: Winand Jean
Published: July 2013

This paper is a reanalysis of a well known passage of the Admonitions (XII, 13–14). After reviewing the previous studies, the first conclusion that can be drawn is that the translations that have been proposed so far never meet the double criterion of grammatical correctness and sound contextual meaning. To reconcile these two points of view, it is here first suggested that jn-jw, which stands at the beginning of the sentence, experienced a process of lexicalisation (jn-jw ø “what does it mean, a shepherd who loves death?”). A second option would be to consider mnjw as the predicate of a subjectless nominal sentence (À ø “is that really a shepherd, the one who loves death?”).
Metabolic profiling of human follicular fluid identifies potential biomarkers of oocyte developmental competence
Authors: O'Gorman A , Wallace M , Cottell E , Gibney M J , McAuliffe F M , Wingfield M , Brennan L
Published: July 2013

The use of metabolomic based techniques to aid oocyte and embryo selection has gained attention in recent years. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that the 1H NMR-based metabolic profile of follicular fluid correlates with oocyte developmental potential. Patients undergoing IVF at the Merrion Fertility Clinic had follicular fluid collected at the time of oocyte retrieval. The fatty acid composition of follicular fluid from follicles where oocytes fertilised and developed into multi-cell embryos (n=15) and from oocytes that fertilised normally but failed to cleave (n=9) (cleaved vs non-cleaved) was compared. Statistical analysis was performed on the data using univariate and multivariate techniques. Analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed that there were nine fatty acids significantly different between follicular fluid from the cleaved and the non-cleaved sample groups. Of particular interest were the higher concentration of total saturated (P=0.03) and the lower concentration of total polyunsaturated fatty acids in the non-cleaved sample group (P=0.001). Random forest classification models were used to predict successful cleavage in follicular fluid samples producing models with errors rates of <10%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the model had good predictability with an area under the curve of 0.96. The panel of fatty acid biomarkers identified in this study indicates that the fatty acid composition of follicular fluid may be more predictive in comparison to other previously identified biomarkers. Following validation in a larger cohort, these biomarkers may have the potential to be used in fertility clinics to aid the selection of oocytes in the future.
Structural Integrity of Centromeric Chromatin and Faithful Chromosome Segregation Requires Pat1
Authors: Mishra Prashant K , Ottmann Alicia R , Basrai Munira A
Published: July 2013

The kinetochore (centromeric DNA and associated protein complex) is essential for faithful chromosome segregation and maintenance of genome stability. Here we report that an evolutionarily conserved protein Pat1 is a structural component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore and associates with centromeres in a NDC10-dependent manner. Consistent with a role for Pat1 in kinetochore structure and function, a deletion of PAT1 results in delay in sister chromatid separation, errors in chromosome segregation, and defects in structural integrity of centromeric chromatin. Pat1 is involved in topological regulation of minichromosomes as altered patterns of DNA supercoiling were observed in pat1Δ cells. Studies with pat1 alleles uncovered an evolutionarily conserved region within the central domain of Pat1 that is required for its association with centromeres, sister chromatid separation, and faithful chromosome segregation. Taken together, our data have uncovered a novel role for Pat1 in maintaining the structural integrity of centromeric chromatin to facilitate faithful chromosome segregation and proper kinetochore function.
Performance practice and philology in Bartók’s Violin Concerto (1938)
Authors: Laki Péter
Published: July 2013

The world premiere recording of Bartók’s Violin Concerto, played by Zoltán Székely has been a classic for seventy-two years now. Since that time, dozens of artists have committed the work to disc and hundreds more—from concert artists to conservatory students—have played the Concerto. Székely’s extremely subtle, almost chamber-music-like interpretation has been widely admired but many violinists in past decades have favored, by and large, a more robust approach, one that stresses the work’s connections to the Romantic concerto tradition. The question is: can a careful reading of the musical text—the final version as well as the various manuscript sources—help a player make practical stylistic decisions? A comparative examination of the performance of the first 16 measures from a number of older and more recent recordings will be set against what textual analysis can tell us, as a test case for a productive dialog between scholarship and performance.
Modulation of thyroid hormone receptors, TRα and TRβ, by using different doses of triiodothyronine (T3) at different times
Authors: Oliveira Miriane de , Luvizotto Renata de Azevedo Melo , Olimpio Regiane Marques Castro , Sibio Maria Teresa de , Silva Carolina Biz Rodrigues , Conde Sandro José , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Nogueira Célia Regina
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of different doses of triiodothyronine (T3) on mRNA levels of thyroid hormone receptors, TRα and TRβ, at different times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with T3 (physiological dose: F; supraphysiological doses: SI or SII), or without T3 (control, C) for 0.5, 1, 6, or 24h. TRα and TRβ mRNA was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: F increased TRβ mRNA levels at 0.5h. After 1h, TRα levels increased with F and SI and TRβ levels decreased with SII compared with C, F, and SI. After 6h, both genes were suppressed at all concentrations. In 24h, TRα and TRβ levels were similar to those of C group. CONCLUSIONS: T3 action with F began at 1h for TRα and at 0.5h for TRβ. These results suggest the importance of knowing the times and doses that activate T3 receptors in adipocytes.
Índices emergéticos de sustentabilidade da produção leiteira em uma propriedade de base familiar em Palmeira, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Eurich Joelcio , Weirich Neto Pedro Henrique , Rocha Carlos Hugo
Published: July 2013

Na busca da sustentabilidade, metodologias para obtenção de parâmetros ou índices representativos seriam ferramentas básicas e essenciais para acompanhamento das gestões dos processos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo o cálculo de índices emergéticos para avaliação da sustentabilidade da produção leiteira. Para isso, o estudo foi realizado em uma propriedade rural, de base familiar, localizada no município de Palmeira, Paraná. A partir dos dados reais da propriedade, calculou-se a razão de rendimento emergético líquido (EYR), a razão de investimento de emergia (EIR), a carga ambiental (ELR), a razão de intercâmbio de emergia (EER), a renovabilidade (%R), a rentabilidade econômica simples (RES) e o índice de sustentabilidade (SI). Fundamentado nos métodos de análise emergética, foram encontrados os seguintes valores: EYR = 1,33; EIR = 3,05; ELR = 3,15; EER = 1,71; %R = 24; SI = 0,42; RES = 0,12. Estes índices demonstram que apesar de economicamente viável, RES = 0,12, em termos energéticos a propriedade apresenta-se com um baixo índice de sustentabilidade (SI).
Caracterização cultural, morfológica e patogênica de Lasiodiplodia theobromae associado a frutíferas tropicais
Authors: Lima Joilson Silva , Moreira Renato Cesar , Cardoso José Emilson , Martins Marlon Vagner Valentim , Viana Francisco Marto Pinto
Published: July 2013

Lasiodiplodia theobromae é um fungo cosmopolita, polífago e oportunista, com reduzida especialização patogênica, capaz de infectar espécies de plantas em regiões tropicais e temperadas, causando os mais variados sintomas. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar isolados de L. theobromae associados a frutíferas tropicais na região nordeste, considerando os aspectos cultural, morfológico e patogênico. Foram avaliados o crescimento micelial, coloração da colônia, dimensões dos conídios e patogenicidade dos isolados em mudas de cajazeira (Spondia mombin L.), cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.), gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) e umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda). Os dados de caracterização morfológica e cultural revelaram diversidade na população do patógeno. Alta variabilidade patogênica foi também detectada, embora não tenha sido possível observar especificidade patogênica em cajueiro. O umbuzeiro apresentou maior resistência relativa ao fungo. Os dados demonstraram também uma interação entre as características morfo-culturais e a patogenicidade dos isolados de L. theobromae.
Reação de resistência tipo I à Giberela em cultivares de trigo
Authors: Alves Rafael Hansen , Nora Tatiane Dalla , Franco Francisco de Assis , Costa Antonio Carlos Torres da , Stangarlin José Renato
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a reação de resistência tipo I à Giberela em 28 cultivares de trigo em experimentos conduzidos a campo, em duas épocas de semeadura (maio e junho). Em ambas as épocas foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, composto por 28 tratamentos (cultivares) e quatro repetições. Para a dispersão do inóculo de Gibberela zeae na área foram utilizados grãos de trigo com peritécios do patógeno. Ao início do florescimento, em dias sem precipitação pluviométrica, a área experimental foi submetida ao molhamento de espigas com formação de neblina por 5 minutos consecutivos, a intervalos de 25 a 30 minutos. A avaliação da severidade da doença foi feita 21 dias após a inoculação, no estádio de espiga verde, atribuindo-se uma nota em uma escala linear de zero a 100, baseada na escala sugerida por Stack e McMullen. No estádio de espiga seca foi determinada a porcentagem de grãos giberelados. As cultivares Frontana, BRS 177, Safira e BRS Timbaúva estiveram no grupo com menor média de severidade da doença quando se consideram as duas épocas de semeadura conjuntamente. Na avaliação de grãos giberelados, as cultivares BRS 177, Onix, BRS Timbaúva, BRS Umbú, BRS Guamirim, CEP Raízes, CEP 50, CD 120 e CD 0529 estiveram, nas duas épocas, no grupo com menor média de incidência.
Aversão alimentar condicionada para o controle da intoxicação por Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa em caprinos
Authors: Pimentel Luciano A. , Maia Lisanka A. , Carvalho Fabricio K. de L. , Campos Edipo M. , Pfister James A. , Cook Daniel , Medeiros Rosane M.T. , Riet-Correa Franklin
Published: July 2013

A aversão alimentar condicionada é uma técnica que pode ser utilizada em animais para evitar a ingestão de plantas tóxicas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar a eficiência e durabilidade da aversão alimentar condicionada em caprinos para evitar o consumo de Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa. Foram utilizados 14 caprinos jovens da raça Moxotó, que foram adaptados ao consumo da planta. Inicialmente foi administrada I. carnea subsp. fistulosa dessecada e triturada misturada à ração concentrada por 30 dias e, posteriormente, foi fornecida a planta verde por mais 10 dias. Para constatação da adaptação ao consumo da planta os caprinos foram colocados a pastar em um piquete de 510 m² onde tinha sido plantada I. carnea subsp. fistulosa em uma área de 30m² (10 plantas/m²). No 42º dia de experimento, após a constatação do consumo espontâneo os animais receberam a planta verde individualmente na baia por alguns minutos, e todos os animais que consumiam qualquer quantidade da planta foram tratados com uma solução de LiCl na dose 175mg por kg de peso vivo. Este procedimento repetiu-se por mais dois dias. Posteriormente, os caprinos foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 com seis animais, quatro deles avertidos e dois não avertidos (facilitadores); e o Grupo 2, com oito caprinos, todos avertidos. Para constatar a eficiência e duração da aversão e a influência de animais facilitadores na durabilidade da aversão, os caprinos foram colocados a pastar, em dias alternados, três dias por semana, durante duas horas, no piquete plantado com I. carnea subsp. fistulosa. Por 12 meses os animais foram monitorados durante o pastejo, identificando-se o consumo e a preferência dos animais pelas plantas presentes no piquete. No Grupo 1 tanto os caprinos avertidos quanto os não avertidos iniciaram a ingerir a planta em 1-6 semanas e gradualmente foram aumentando a planta consumida, mas nunca a ingeriram exclusivamente. Nenhum caprino do Grupo 2 iniciou a ingestão da planta durante os 12 meses de experimento. Após esse período a área do piquete destinada ao plantio de I. carnea subsp. fistulosa foi ampliada para 80m² e os animais foram novamente introduzidos, com tempo de pastejo na área aumentado para quatro horas durante cinco dias na semana. Nesta fase todos os caprinos do Grupo 1 ingeriram a planta em grande quantidade. Os caprinos do Grupo 2 iniciaram gradualmente a ingerir a planta e a aversão se extinguiu, em todos os animais, após dois meses. A concentração de swainsonina em I. carnea subsp. fistulosa foi de 0,052±0,05% (média±SD). Conclui-se que a aversão alimentar condicionada é eficiente para evitar a ingestão de I. carnea subsp. fistulosa. No entanto, a duração da mesma depende, entre outras coisas, da quantidade de planta presente na área de pastoreio e do tempo de exposição e se extingue rapidamente por facilitação social.
A systematic study of the brain base arteries in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Souza Fernanda de , Campos Rui
Published: July 2013

The brains of 30 New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were injected with red stained latex. The arteries of the ventral surface of the brain were systematized on the right (R) and on the left (L) side with the respective percentage of appearance: the aortic arch emitted the braquicephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery (83.3%); or the braquicephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery (16.7%). The braquicephalic trunk emitted the right and the left common carotid arteries and the right subclavian artery (83.3%); or the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery (16.7%). The common carotid arteries were divided into external and internal carotid arteries (96.7% on the R, 100% on the L.). The internal carotid artery to the R was present (96.7%) and absent (3.3%), and to the L, was present (100%). The rostral choroidal artery to the R was collateral branch of the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery (83.3%), collateral branch of caudal branch of the internal carotid artery (16.7%), and to the L was collateral branch of the rostral branch of the internal carotid artery (93.3%), collateral branch of the caudal branch of the internal carotid artery (6.7%). The middle cerebral artery to the R and to the L was single (80%) and double (20%). The rostral cerebral artery to the R had middle caliber (90%), thin caliber (6.7%) and too thin caliber (3.3%), and to the L had middle caliber (76.7%), thin caliber (16.7%) and too thin caliber (6.7%). The internal ethmoidal artery was absent (73.3%), present and single (26.7%). The caudal cerebral artery to the R was single (66.7%), double (26.7%) and triple (6.7%), and to the L was single (63.3%) and double (36.7%). The terminal branches of the right and left vertebral arteries were present (100%, and formed the basilar artery (100%). The ventral spinal artery was present (100%). The caudal cerebellar artery, to the R was single (43.3%), single with labyrinthic artery isolated (26.7%) and double (30%), and to the L was single (50%), single with labyrinthic artery isolated (6.7%), double (40%) and triple (3.3%). The trigeminal artery to the R and to the L was present (100%). The rostral cerebellar artery to the R was single (53.3%) and double (46,7%), and to the L was single (63.3%) and double (36.7%). The rabbit's cerebral arterial circle was caudally closed (100%) and rostrally closed (93.3%) or opened (6.7%). The brain was supplied by the vertebral-basilar and carotid systems.
Proteinograma do soro lácteo de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês em diferentes fases de lactação
Authors: Lemos Vânia F. , Guaraná Eduardo L.S. , Afonso José A.B. , Fagliari José J. , Silva Paulo C. , Soares Pierre C. , Mendonça Carla L.
Published: July 2013

No presente estudo objetivou-se avaliar a influência das fases de lactação sobre o proteinograma do soro lácteo de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Foram acompanhadas ovelhas em sistema de criação semi-intensivo com o mesmo manejo higiênico, sanitário e nutricional avaliadas aos 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias após o parto (final da lactação e desmame). Procedeu-se ao exame clínico da glândula mámaria e triagem e cultivo bacteriológico. A triagem do material resultou em 44 amostras de leite de glândulas sadias baseadas no exame negativo simultâneo do CMT e do bacteriológico. Para a obtenção do soro lácteo utilizou-se solução de renina. O soro lácteo foi fracionado em alíquotas e mantido em freezer a -80°C para posterior separação das frações protéicas. Para determinação da proteína total do soro lácteo empregou-se o biureto. A separação das frações protéicas foi realizada utilizando-se eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Foram observadas oito proteínas entre elas lactoferrina, albumina sérica, IgA, IgG ( IgG de cadeia pesada - IgG CP e IgG de cadeia leve - IgG CL), β-lactoglobulina, α-lactoalbumina e as proteínas identificadas como PM 15.000 Da e PM 29.000 Da. Não foi observada diferença significativa nas diferentes fases de lactação nas seguintes proteínas: IgA (P>0,3895), lactoferrina (P>0,1611), PM 29000 (P>0,4879), αlactoalbumina (P>0,0799) e PM 15000 (P>0,4494). Na proteína total (P<0,0022) e nas proteínas albumina (P<0,0377), IgG (P<0,0354) verificou-se variação significativa nos primeiros momentos de observação, na proteína β-lactoglobulina (P<0,0005) verificou-se variação significativa com diminuição dos 15 até 30 dias pós parto com elevação progressiva até a última fase de lactação (90 dias pós parto). A técnica de SDS-PAGE permitiu a quantificação de oito proteínas no soro lácteo de ovelhas sadias. As proteínas identificadas refletem o perfil do soro lácteo para a espécie ovina, havendo influência das fases da lactação na concentração albumina, IgG e β-lactoglobulina.
Remoção de carga orgânica recalcitrante de lixiviado de resíduos sólidos urbanos pré-tratado biologicamente por coagulação química-floculação-sedimentação
Authors: Felici Elson Mendonça , Kuroda Emilia Kiyomi , Yamashita Fábio , Silva Sandra Márcia Cesário Pereira da
Published: July 2013

A utilização de pós-tratamentos físico-químicos no tratamento de lixiviados tem sido uma alternativa utilizada para a remoção da carga orgânica presente nesse efluente. Dessa forma, este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a técnica de tratamento físico-químico pelo processo de coagulação química-floculação-sedimentação como alternativa para pós-tratamento de lixiviado tratado biologicamente. Para isso, utilizou-se o equipamento de reatores estáticos Jarteste, e os parâmetros monitorados para avaliar a eficiência do tratamento físico-químico foram cor verdadeira e demanda química de oxigênio (DQO). Por meio da técnica de planejamento fatorial e analisando-se os resultados obtidos, pôde-se verificar que as maiores remoções de cor e de DQO foram encontradas combinando-se dosagem de 400 mgFe+3/L com pH 3,0, alcançando-se 98 e 81% de remoção de cor e DQO, respectivamente.
Evaluación de la efectividad del Programa Vínculos para la prevención e intervención del Bullying en Santiago de Chile
Authors: Pérez J. Carola , Astudillo Javiera , Varela T. Jorge , Lecannelier A. Felipe
Published: July 2013

El Bullying, por sus características y consecuencias, se ha transformado en una preocupación central en los colegios, los cuales han desarrollado diferentes formas de afrontarlo. El objetivo principal de este artículo es evaluar la efectividad de un programa de prevención e intervención de Bullying y Ciberbullying, en una muestra de 320 alumnas en un colegio de Santiago de Chile, a través de un diseño pre-post. El programa utilizó estrategias preventivas e integrales orientadas a realizar intervenciones en los distintos niveles del sistema escolar: colegio, sala de clases, individuo y familia. Los resultados demostraron que el programa es efectivo en disminuir el reporte de ser testigos de Bullying y la victimización de manotaje a través de internet. La efectividad del programa se debería a que se respetaron los lineamientos de los programas que han demostrado ser efectivos.
Associação das sub-escalas de Braden com o risco do desenvolvimento de úlcera por pressão
Authors: Zambonato Bruna Pochmann , Assis Michelli Cristina Silva de , Beghetto Mariur Gomes
Published: July 2013

Úlceras por pressão (UP) podem aumentar a incidência de complicações hospitalares, devendo-se prevenir este dano. A Escala de Braden destaca-se como instrumento para avaliar o risco de UP. O estudo objetivou identificar quais alterações, na pontuação das subescalas de Braden, estão associadas com o risco do desenvolvimento de UP. Empregou-se regressão logística em uma coorte retrospectiva realizada no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, em adultos hospitalizados em unidades clínicas e cirúrgicas, de outubro de 2005 a junho de 2006. Foram avaliados os registros de banco de dados de 1503 pacientes, com idade de 55,5±16 anos, sendo 52,7% do sexo feminino. A incidência de UP foi de 1,8%, e foi associada com diabetes e insuficiência cardíaca. Houve mais UP em pacientes com pior percepção sensorial, mobilidade, atividade e na presença de umidade. Não houve associação entre nutrição e UP. Exceto nutrição, as demais subescalas de Braden mostraram-se preditivas de UP.
Lodo de esgoto e vermiculita na produção de mudas de eucalipto
Authors: Caldeira Marcos Vinicius , Delarmelina William Macedo , Peroni Leonardo , Gonçalves Elzimar de Oliveira , Silva Aderbal Gomes da
Published: July 2013

O êxito de plantios florestais não está ligado, unicamente, à espécie utilizada, mas depende, diretamente, do tipo de recipiente, da qualidade das sementes e do substrato utilizado. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a utilização de lodo de esgoto, juntamente com vermiculita, na composição de substratos, para a produção de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis provenientes de sementes. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições de quatro plantas. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelas seguintes proporções de lodo de esgoto e vermiculita (v:v): 100:0 (T1), 80:20 (T2), 60:40 (T3), 40:60 (T4), 20:80 (T5) e substrato comercial (T6). As características avaliadas foram o diâmetro do coleto, altura, relação entre a altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca do sistema radicular, massa seca total, relação entre a massa seca da parte aérea e a massa seca do sistema radicular, relação entre a altura e a massa seca da parte aérea e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Aos 90 dias após a germinação, constatou-se que a utilização de diferentes proporções de lodo de esgoto e vermiculita influenciou, de maneira positiva, no crescimento das mudas de eucalipto, destacando-se as maiores proporções de vermiculita. O substrato que proporcionou os melhores resultados foi o composto por 20% de lodo de esgoto e 80% de vermiculita.
Eficiência de métodos para o cálculo de coeficientes do tanque classe A na estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência
Authors: Cunha Paulo César Ribeiro da , Nascimento Jorge Luiz do , Silveira Pedro Marques da , Alves Júnior José
Published: July 2013

Os valores do coeficiente do tanque classe A (Kp) podem ser determinados por vários métodos. A maioria baseia-se na velocidade do vento, umidade relativa e condições e extensão da bordadura que circunda o tanque. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho de métodos de estimativa do Kp e o uso de um Kp médio e constante (0,70), na avaliação da evapotranspiração de referência (ET0), sob condições de Cerrado, em Santo Antônio de Goiás (GO). Os métodos foram avaliados nos períodos anual, seco e chuvoso. As ET0 obtidas por meio da evaporação do tanque, multiplicadas pelos valores de Kp estimados com os métodos de Doorenbos & Pruitt (1977), Cuenca (1989), Snyder (1992), Pereira et al. (1995) e Allen et al. (1998), foram comparadas com a ET0 estimada pelo modelo de Penman-Montheit. Foram determinados os coeficientes de determinação (r²), correlação (r), concordância (d) de Willmott e de desempenho (c) e, também, os erros médios e máximos absolutos. Para as condições climáticas nas quais se realizou o trabalho, o melhor método de determinação do Kp, para estimativa da ET0 no período anual, foi o de Pereira et al. (1995). Para o período seco, destacou-se o método proposto por Cuenca (1989) e, para o período chuvoso, todos os métodos apresentaram baixos desempenhos, sendo o de Pereira et al. (1995) o mais eficiente. A adoção de um Kp fixo e constante de 0,70 resultou em bom desempenho, sendo uma opção bastante prática, porém, faz-se necessária a sua determinação no local onde será aplicado.
Effect of synthetic auxins on in vitro and ex vitro bromeliad rooting
Authors: Martins João Paulo Rodrigues , Schimildt Edilson Romais , Alexandre Rodrigo Sobreira , Santos Breno Régis , Magevski Gizele Cristina
Published: July 2013

The tissue culture can contribute to the propagation of several economic species, such as the bromeliads. This research aimed at evaluating the auxins type and concentration in the in vitro and ex vitro rhizogenesis of Neoregelia concentrica bromeliad. N. concentrica shoots were induced in a growth medium with 15.0 µM of 6-benzylaminopurine, for 80 days, followed by sub-cultivation in phytoregulator-free medium, for 45 days. In the in vitro rhizogenesis, the shoots grew in a medium supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), at the concentrations of 0.0 µM, 1.0 µM, 2.0 µM, 3.0 µM and 4.0 µM. In the ex vitro rhizogenesis, the bases of shoots were immersed, for 60 minutes, in IBA or NAA solutions, at the concentrations of 0.0 µM, 5.0 µM, 10.0 µM and 15.0 µM. After immersion, the shoots were planted in plastic trays with vermiculite. At the end of each rhizogenesis method, the phytotechnical parameters analysis was carried out. For the in vitro rhizogenesis, a higher number of roots were observed when the shoots were cultivated in concentrations higher than 1.0 µM of NAA, when compared to the IBA. However, the rooting rate differed only at 30 days after the in vitro growth, with a higher root induction in the shoots grown with NAA. At 60 days, the rooting rate was higher than 90% and statistically similar in all treatments. In the ex vitro rhizogenesis, a better formation of the rooting system was observed when 5.0 µM of IBA was applied, with higher rooting averages and number of roots.
Weed management and its relation to yield and seed physiological potential in common bean cultivars
Authors: Costa Denis Santiago da , Barbosa Rafael Marani , Sá Marco Eustáquio de
Published: July 2013

Common bean is an important crop in Brazil primarily because of its nutritional characteristics. Some agronomic practices, such as weed management, are fundamental to cultivation, as a means of obtaining a high crop yield. However, some studies have shown that weed management may alter the function of the cultivar cycle. Thus, this study aimed at determining the optimal phenological stage in early-maturing common bean cultivars to perform the weed control without providing reductions in yield and seed quality. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 20 treatments and four replications, in a 2×2×5 (cultivars × types of weed control × periods of weed control) factorial scheme. The periods of weed control for both cultivars (Carioca Precoce and IPR-Colibri) consisted of full cycle weeded (control), weed control at the V4-3 stage (first three nodes on the main stem with trifoliate leaves), at the R5 stage (beginning of bloom) and at the R8 stage (appearance of pods) and full cycle unweeded (no weed control). The types of weed control used were chemical (fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen) and mechanical (hoe). The Carioca Precoce cultivar demonstrated higher agronomic performance and yield than the IPR-Colibri cultivar, although the IPR-Colibri seeds had a higher vigor. The type of weed control (chemical or mechanical) did not affect the agronomic characteristics, yield and seed physiological potential of the cultivars. The ideal period for weed control in early-maturing common bean cultivars to obtain a higher yield and seed physiological potential was observed at the V4-3 phenological stage.
Calendário agrícola para a cultura do milho em Sinop (MT)
Authors: Garcia Garcia Rodrigo , Dallacort Rivanildo , Krause Willian , Serigatto Edenir Maria , Faria Júnior Cleonir Andrade
Published: July 2013

O presente trabalho objetivou determinar um calendário agrícola para a cultura do milho, na microrregião de Sinop (MT), avaliando-se as seguintes variáveis: precipitação pluviométrica, temperatura do ar e evapotranspiração. Com base nas exigências térmicas de híbrido precoce, foi utilizado o método da soma térmica ou graus-dia, para definir a ocorrência dos estádios fenológicos, levando-se em consideração a temperatura superior (30ºC) e inferior (10ºC). A estação de crescimento foi determinada com base na variação dos totais médios decendiais da precipitação pluvial e evapotranspiração de referência, para a localidade. Para o estabelecimento do calendário, foram observadas as exigências térmicas necessárias para completar as fases fenológicas, a distribuição de precipitação pluvial durante estas fases e a probabilidade de ocorrência de, pelo menos, cinco dias secos, nos decêndios. A melhor época para a semeadura foi observada entre o 30º e 32º decêndios, no final de outubro e início de novembro.
RP-HPLC method development and validation for estimation of rivaroxaban in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Çelebier Mustafa , Reçber Tuba , Koçak Engin , Altinöz Sacide
Published: July 2013

Rivaroxaban, an anti-clotting medication, acts at a crucial point in the blood-clotting process and stops the formation of blood clots. In this study, RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of rivaroxaban in tablets (Xarelto® (10 mg)). Phenomenex Luna 5 µm C18 100 Å LC Column (250 x 4.6 mm) was used at 40 ºC. Isocratic elution was performed with ACN:Water (55:45 v/v) mixture. The flow rate was 1.2 mL min-1 and UV detection was at 249 nm. Internal standard (Caffeine) and rivaroxaban were eluted within 2.21 and 3.37 minutes, respectively. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and found to be linear within the range 0.005 - 40.0 µg mL-1. The method was accurate, precise, robust and rapid. Thus, it was applied successfully for the quality control assay of rivaroxaban in tablet dosage form.
Promoting Mexican Immigrant Families' Weil-Being: Learning from Parents What is Needed to Have a Strong Family
Authors: Ayón Cecilia , Villa Annia Quiroz
Published: July 2013

This study explored factors that Mexican immigrant parents deem necessary to promote the well-being of their families. Mexican immigrant parents participated in focus groups following the passage of SB1070 in Arizona. Findings revealed four interrelated constructs that parents aim for to strengthen their families: family norms and practices; transmitting Latino culture; work and education; and goals and motivation. Participants' responses broaden and contextualize our understanding of Mexican immigrants' family norms. In light of anti-immigrant policies and sentiment, participants stressed maintaining/transmitting their culture, including the Spanish language, to promote their children's ethnic identity development; they also stated that parents' internal drive is crucial to promoting their families' well-being. Opportunities to ground interventions on Mexican family strengths are discussed.
The importance of teaching civil engineers about learning from failure
Authors: Mottram Toby
Published: July 2013

Forensic engineering needs to play a much larger part in the education of civil engineers if they are to adopt a culture of learning from failure. Toby Mottram of the University of Warwick reports on the findings of a recent themed issue of the Institution of Civil Engineers' journal Forensic Engineering.
Identification of rotational failure mechanisms in cohesive media using discontinuity layout optimisation
Authors: SMITH C.C. , GILBERT M.
Published: July 2013

Discontinuity layout optimisation (DLO) is a generally applicable numerical limit analysis procedure that can be used to identify critical plastic collapse mechanisms in geotechnical problems. Previous research has focused on using plane-strain DLO to identify mechanisms that are purely translational, or which involve rotations only along predefined boundaries. In this paper a more general formulation, capable of identifying mechanisms that can involve arbitrary rotations and/or translations in cohesive media, is presented. The formulation is then verified through investigation of the yield surface and evolution of the collapse mechanism associated with a footing under combined vertical and moment (V, M) loading, and through study of the well-known anchor uplift problem. It is shown that results of very high accuracy can be obtained, in terms of the collapse load and of the predicted failure mechanism. In the light of the new results, the Bransby design formula for combined vertical and moment loading has been modified to improve its accuracy. Additionally, the more general DLO formulation presented is shown to have several inherent advantages compared with existing numerical limit analysis approaches.
Insect herbivores change the outcome of plant competition through both inter‐ and intraspecific processes
Authors: Kim Tania N. , Underwood Nora , Inouye Brian D.
Published: July 2013

Insect herbivores can affect plant abundance and community composition, and theory suggests that herbivores influence plant communities by altering interspecific interactions among plants. Because the outcome of interspecific interactions is influenced by the per capita competitive ability of plants, density dependence, and intrinsic rates of increase, measuring herbivore effects on all these processes is necessary to understand the mechanisms by which herbivores influence plant communities. We fit alternative competition models to data from a response surface experiment conducted over four years to examine how herbivores affected the outcome of competition between two perennial plants, Solidago altissima and Solanum carolinense. Within a growing season, herbivores reduced S. carolinense plant size but did not affect the size of S. altissima, which exhibited compensatory growth. Across seasons, herbivores did not affect S. carolinense density or biomass but reduced both the density and population growth of S. altissima. The best‐fit models indicated that the effects of herbivores varied with year. In some years, herbivores increased the per capita competitive effect of S. altissima on S. carolinense; in other years, herbivores influenced the intrinsic rate of increase of S. altissima. We examined possible herbivore effects on the longer‐term outcome of competition (over the time scale of a typical old‐field habitat), using simulations based on the best‐fit models. In the absence of herbivores, plant coexistence was observed. In the presence of herbivores, S. carolinense was excluded by S. altissima in 72.3% of the simulations. We demonstrate that herbivores can influence the outcome of competition through changes in both per capita competitive effects and intrinsic rates of increase. We discuss the implications of these results for ecological succession and biocontrol.