Preclinical Evaluation of the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis Model in Rabbits
Authors:   Trauma Center of the Multidisciplinary hospital named after professor H.Zh. Makazhanov, Tuleubaev Berik , Saginova Dina ,   National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after Academician N.D. Batpenov, Tussupbekova Maida ,   Karaganda Medical University,, Kamyshanskiy Yevgeniy ,   Karaganda Medical University, Koshanova Amina ,   Karaganda Medical University, Saginov Azim ,   Karaganda Medical University
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Chronic osteomyelitis is one of the problems in orthopedic surgery. Recently, in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis, biodegradable materials are increasingly used as a local antibiotic carrier. In our study, we used bone allograft, which prepared by Marburg system. The purpose of the study was to evaluate preclinical changes of use the antibiotic-impregnated bone allograft on osteomyelitis model in rabbit. Materials and methods. Osteomyelitis was caused in rabbits by the human strain Staphylococcus aureus, which is introduced into bone defects created in the distal femur. Three groups were selected depending on the filling: group 1 - antibiotic impregnated biodegradable material “PerOssal”, group 2 –whole bone allograft soaked in antibiotic, group 3 - perforated bone allograft soaked in antibiotic. We used a clinical examination for the evaluating decreasing of chronic osteomyelitis process.Results. The body temperature of all experimental animals was measured with a non-contact thermometer during the entire observation period, which was 42 days. The average temperature in rabbits in groups before surgery was 36.90 in-group 1; in-group 2 - 36.40; in-group 3 - 36.20. On the first day after the operation, in groups 1 and 3, there was no significant difference with the initial body temperature in rabbits before the operation, while in-group 2, the body temperature on the first day after the operation was 39.00. In the early postoperative period, the maximum increase in body temperature is observed on the 3rd day in-group 1 up to 39.20 and in-group 3 38.20. In-group 2, the maximum rise in temperature was on the 2nd day after surgery up to 38.60. The average weight in operated rabbits before surgery was 2983.3 g in-group 1; in-group 2 - 3206.7 gr; in-group 3 - 2300.0 gr. In the 1st group in the postoperative period in the 1st group there is a deficit on the early postoperative day amounted to 1.3 g in dynamics decreased up to 5 days and then there was a stable increase in weight, which in general by the 42nd day was 783, 4 grams. In-group 2, on the first day, there was a maximum body weight deficit of up to 92.3 g, with a subsequent increase, and in general, for the entire observation period, the increase was 200 g. In-group 3, on the first postoperative day, the body weight deficit was 13.9 grams. In the dynamics, there was a slight instability in weight, for example, on day 5, body weight was 3284.6 g, with a decrease on day 6 to 3169.2 g. Visually assessing the wound in-group 1, wound suppuration, divergence or instability of the sutures were not noted. In-group 3, on the 28th day after the operation, there was a slight infiltration of soft tissues in the area after the surgical wound. In the 2nd group on the 14th day there was a slight infiltration of soft tissues in the area after the surgical wound, and on the 28th and 42nd days there was suppuration of the postoperative wound.Conclusion. Thus, in this study we showed, that perforated bone allograft is an available biomaterial can be used in bone regenerative surgery.Key words: Preclinical evaluation algorithm, chronic osteomyelitis, rabbits model, preclinical study