bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twist and sliding dynamics between interpenetrated frames in Ti-MOF revealing high proton conductivity
Authors: Cao Jing , Ma Wenjie , Lyu Kangjie , Zhuang Lin , Cong Hengjiang , Deng Hexiang
Published: March 2020

Twist and sliding dynamics observed in a titanium catecholate MOF induced by imidazole for efficient proton conduction.
A heavy intruder in a locally-shaken granular solid
Authors: Berzi Diego , Buzzaccaro Stefano
Published: March 2020

We experimentally investigate the gravitational-driven motion of a heavy object inside a vertical 2D assembly of identical, plastic cylinders arranged in a regular, triangular lattice.
Tunable photoluminescence from YTaO4:Bi3+ for ultraviolet converted pc-WLED with high chromatic stability
Authors: Fu Yubin , Wang Xiu , Peng Mingying
Published: March 2020

Tunable photoluminescence from YTaO4:Bi3+ for ultraviolet-converted pc-WLED with high chromatic stability.
Photochemical α-carboxyalkylation of tryptophols and tryptamines via C–H functionalization
Authors: Pan Zhiqiang , Liu Yuchang , Hu Fengchi , Liu Qinglong , Shang Wenbin , Xia Chengfeng
Published: March 2020

A process for the α-carboxyalkylation of tryptophols and tryptamines by the functionalization of C–H bonds under visible light irradiation has been developed.
Tolerant to air σ-alkane complexes by surface modification of single crystalline solid-state molecular organometallics using vapour-phase cationic polymerisation: SMOM@polymer
Authors: Bukvic Alexander J. , Crivoi Dana Georgiana , Garwood Hollie G. , McKay Alasdair I. , Chen Thomas T. D. , Martínez-Martínez Antonio J. , Weller Andrew S.
Published: March 2020

Surface-initiated cationic polymerisation of ethylvinylether at single-crystals of the σ-alkane complex [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(NBA)][BArF4] imparts air-tolerance to this highly reactive complex.
Influence of lamellar thickness on the transformation of isotactic polybutylene-1/carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Li Yan-Kai , Wang Yu-Ge , Fu Cui-Liu , Zhu You-Liang , Li Zhan-Wei , Sun Zhao-Yan
Published: March 2020

The crystallization transformation from form II to form I in PB-1/CNT materials is mainly influenced by the lamellar thickness.
Controlled engineering of nano-sized FeOOH@ZnO hetero-structures on reduced graphene oxide for lithium-ion storage and photo-Fenton reaction
Authors: Xu Binghui , Dai Xin , Tan Qingke , Wei Yuan , Liu Gonggang , Wu Guanglei
Published: March 2020

In this work, a nano-sized goethite and zinc oxide hetero-structure (FeOOH@ZnO) dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets was synthesized for the first time to construct a ternary composite (FeOOH@ZnO/RGO) via a stepped graphene oxide (GO) deoxygenation process.
Boron-terminated diamond (100) surfaces with promising structural and electronic properties
Authors: Sun Zhaolong , Yang Mingchao , Wang Xueting , Wang Peng , Zhang Chunling , Gao Nan , Li Hongdong
Published: March 2020

Boron coverages on diamond (100) surfaces with varying configurations show novel electron affinity property.
Electric control of magnetization in an amorphous Co–Fe–Ta–B–O film by resistive switching
Authors: Yin Siqi , Xiong Chengyue , Chen Cheng , Zhang Xiaozhong
Published: March 2020

A reversible and nonvolatile control of magnetization was achieved in a Co–Fe–Ta–B–O film at room temperature by resistive switching.
Manganese catalyzed selective hydrogenation of cyclic imides to diols and amines
Authors: Das Uttam Kumar , Janes Trevor , Kumar Amit , Milstein David
Published: March 2020

Herein we report the selective hydrogenation of cyclic imides to diols and amines, homogeneously catalyzed for the first time by a complex of an earth-abundant metal, a manganese pincer complex.
Unexplored features of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes – towards combined cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity
Authors: Gurgul Ilona , Mazuryk Olga , Łomzik Michał , Gros Philippe C , Rutkowska-Zbik Dorota , Brindell Małgorzata
Published: March 2020

The well-documented cytotoxic activity of coordinatively saturated and substitutionally inert polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes substantiates their high potency as antiproliferative agents against primary tumors. However, the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality responsible for about 90% of cancer deaths is the occurrence of metastasis. Therefore, scientists have to concentrate their efforts on designing compounds affecting not only the primary tumor, but also efficiently inhibiting metastasis. Herein, we report two families of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes bearing 2,2′-bipyridine substituted by a semicarbazone 2-formylopyridine moiety as one of the ligands and 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-dipyridyl or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline as auxiliary ligands. These complexes strengthen cells’ adherent properties and inhibit the activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in vitro, which is relevant in anti-metastatic treatment. The in vitro studies were performed on human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells, which have a well-documented invasive potential. The induced alteration of the tumor cells’ adhesion properties correlated with the high cytotoxic effect exerted by the complexes and their excellent cellular uptake. It was also proved that both complexes directly inhibit M-MP2 and M-MP9 enzyme activities, which are essential for the development of tumor metastasis. The results of this study indicate that the biological properties of polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes extend beyond the standard cytotoxic activity and represent an important step towards designing new anti-metastatic agents.
Luminescent carbogenic dots for the detection and determination of hemoglobin in real samples
Authors: Arshad Farwa , Pal Ayan , Alam Tipu , Khan Javed Alam , Sk Md Palashuddin
Published: March 2020

Formation of luminescent carbogenic dots have been reported during SnO2NCs synthesis. These carbogenic dots have been successfully employed for selective and sensitive detection of hemoglobin.
Real-time nanoscale organization of amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Kedia Shekhar , Ramakrishna Pratyush , Netrakanti Pallavi Rao , Jose Mini , Sibarita Jean-Baptiste , Nadkarni Suhita , Nair Deepak
Published: March 2020

Regulatory nanodomains modulated by lateral diffusion control transient equilibrium between pools of APP within an excitatory synapse. Molecular fingerprints of these nanodomains are altered in variants of APP implicated in Alzheimer's Disease.
Mussel-inspired coordination functional polymer brushes-decorated rGO-stabilized silver nanoparticles composite for antibacterial application
Authors: Zhou Shengnan , Ji Haixun , Liu Linjing , Feng Sijia , Fu Yuqin , Yang Yu , Lü Changli
Published: March 2020

A catechol-terminated coordination functional polymer-modified rGO supported AgNPs composite was fabricated. Grafted polymer brushes improve the material's hydrophilicity and dispersion stability of AgNPs on rGO, enhancing antibacterial activity.
Photo-induced copper mediated copolymerization of activated-ester methacrylate polymers and their use as reactive precursors to prepare multi-dentate ligands for the water transfer of inorganic nanoparticles
Authors: Mai Binh T. , Barthel Markus J. , Lak Aidin , Avellini Tommaso , Panaite Ana Maria , Rodrigues Emille M. , Goldoni Luca , Pellegrino Teresa
Published: March 2020

Polymers bearing activated ester groups are synthesized using photo-ATRP and used as precursors for direct synthesis of multi-phosphonic acid functionalized ligands which are able to transfer different nanoparticles with distinct cores into water.
Enhanced visible light-mediated photocatalysis, antibacterial functions and fabrication of a 3-chlorophenol sensor based on ternary Ag2O·SrO·CaO
Authors: Subhan Md Abdus , Rifat Tanjila Parvin , Chandra Saha Pallab , Alam M. M. , Asiri Abdullah M. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Akter Sonia , Raihan Topu , Azad A. K. , Uddin Jamal
Published: March 2020

The electrochemical detection mechanism of 3-CP in PBS buffer using the heterostructure nanocomposite Ag2O·SrO·CaO. The proposed electrochemical reaction is supposed as C6OH5Cl + 11H2O → 6CO2 + 27H+ + Cl− + 26e−.
A novel precursor towards buffer layer materials: the first solution based CVD of zinc oxysulfide
Authors: Bhide Malavika A. , Carmalt Claire J. , Knapp Caroline E.
Published: March 2020

We report the first solution based deposition of zinc oxysulfide, Zn(O,S), thin films via aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) facilitated by the use of a specifically designed precursor: [Zn8(SOCCH3)12S2] (1).
Videoconference Administration of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised: Feasibility and Validity
Authors: Dekhtyar Maria , Braun Emily J. , Billot Anne , Foo Lindsey , Kiran Swathi
Published: March 2020

Purpose

There is a rapid growth of telepractice in both clinical and research settings; however, the literature validating translation of traditional methods of assessments and interventions to valid remote videoconference administrations is limited. This is especially true in the field of speech-language pathology where assessments of language and communication can be easily conducted via remote administration. The aim of this study was to validate videoconference administration of the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised (WAB-R).

Method

Twenty adults with chronic aphasia completed the assessment both in person and via videoconference with the order counterbalanced across administrations. Specific modifications to select WAB-R subtests were made to accommodate interaction by computer and Internet.

Results

Results revealed that the two methods of administration were highly correlated and showed no difference in domain scores. Additionally, most participants endorsed being mostly or very satisfied with the videoconference administration.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that administration of the WAB-R in person and via videoconference may be used interchangeably in this patient population. Modifications and guidelines are provided to ensure reproducibility and access to other clinicians and scientists interested in remote administration of the WAB-R.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11977857
Revisiting the Role of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Aphasia Rehabilitation
Authors: Dietz Aimee , Wallace Sarah E. , Weissling Kristy
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to revisit the role of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in poststroke aphasia rehabilitation. The authors' intent is to provide a viewpoint that expands the use of AAC in poststroke aphasia rehabilitation. Specifically, we seek to clarify the role of AAC in restorative and participation approaches to aphasia rehabilitation while also considering the role of AAC in a comprehensive treatment plan. The authors support their viewpoint with citations from both the historic and contemporary literature on aphasia rehabilitation.

Conclusions

A thought-provoking viewpoint on the role of AAC in poststroke aphasia rehabilitation is proposed. More specifically, the versatility of AAC strategies is reviewed, with an emphasis on how AAC can be used to empower people with aphasia to fully participate and engage in life activities with increased independence. Moreover, we argue that AAC can be viewed as a dual-purpose tool that can simultaneously serve to drive intersystemic reorganization resulting in some improved language performance—and perhaps restoration of language function—while offering a communication alternative during inevitable anomic events.
Respiratory–Swallow Coordination in Healthy Adults During Drinking of Thin to Extremely Thick Liquids: A Research Note
Authors: Valenzano Teresa J. , Guida Brittany T. , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Steele Catriona M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Respiratory–swallow coordination is vital for airway protection, preventing aspiration, or penetration of foreign material into the airway. With the implementation of the International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative definitions for different liquid consistencies used in dysphagia management, it is important to establish whether respiratory–swallow coordination patterns differ across these consistencies. This study aimed to evaluate respiratory behaviors during swallowing across the spectrum from thin to extremely thick liquids in healthy adults less than 60 years of age.

Method

Thirty healthy adults, aged 21–55 years, each consumed 54 naturally sized cup sips or spoonfuls of liquid stimuli prepared in thin, slightly thick, mildly thick, moderately thick, and extremely thick consistencies. Half of the stimuli were prepared using barium and half with a lemon-flavored water. Concurrent respiratory and swallowing pressure signals were collected to evaluate the respiratory phase pattern and pause duration associated with the swallow.

Results

An expiration–swallow–expiration pattern was the dominant respiratory phase pattern, observed in 92.7% of the trials, with no significant effect of consistency. Respiratory pause duration was found to be significantly shorter with barium stimuli (0.73 s) compared to nonbarium stimuli (0.78 s) (p< .001, Cohen'sd= .2), with no notable effects based on the factors of sex or liquid consistency.

Conclusions

In a convenience sample of healthy adults under the age of 60 years, consistent respiratory–swallow phasing and stable timing across the spectrum from thin to extremely thick liquids was observed. The data from this study can serve as preliminary reference data to which assessment information for individuals with dysphagia or respiratory challenges can be compared.
Examination of Narrative Language at Microstructural and Macrostructural Levels in Spanish-Speaking Preschoolers
Authors: Orizaba Lorena , Gorman Brenda K. , Fiestas Christine E. , Bingham Gary E. , Terry Nicole Patton
Published: March 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine narrative language samples of Spanish-speaking preschoolers to analyze changes in microstructural and macrostructural skills in their first language (L1) from fall to spring, relationships between narrative and vocabulary skills in L1, and the extent to which fall skills predict spring performance.

Method

Participants included 40 Spanish-speaking children who were enrolled in community-based preschool programs. Narrative language retells from the fall and spring were examined, and microstructural and macrostructural components were analyzed using the Narrative Assessment Protocol–Spanish and the Narrative Scoring Scheme, respectively. Participants also completed an assessment of expressive vocabulary in Spanish.

Results

The results indicated different degrees of change in microstructural and macrostructural elements, change from fall to spring in some but not all elements measured, shifting patterns of association between L1 vocabulary and narrative skills, and variable prediction of spring scores.

Conclusion

Results from this study enhance professionals' understanding of Spanish-speaking preschoolers' narrative language skills in L1 and considerations for assessing and monitoring progress at different points in the academic year.
Optimal decision fusion using sparse representation‐based classifiers on monogenic‐signal dictionaries for SAR ATR
Authors: Shafie B.M. , Moallem P. , Sabahi M.F.
Published: March 2020

Sparse representation‐based classification (SRC) possesses remarkable characteristics for application in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR), for instance, inherent feature extraction and robustness to articulation, and so on. However, the performance of SRC is highly sensitive to parameters such as sufficient training samples, SAR images quality, and targets’ changing conditions in depression, pose, configuration, and so on. Unfortunately, the training sample resources for SAR ATR are often expensive and scarce. Further, the targets in SAR images, even with slightest changes in conditions, display mutable characteristics attributable to unique SAR image formation, and speckle noise corruption. To overcome these obstacles, this Letter proposes to establish several compact and complementary dictionaries using monogenic signal's components of SAR images and Fisher discriminative dictionary learning. Then, an optimal decision fusion (ODF) strategy is proposed, which utilises SRC and the latter dictionaries for robust SAR ATR. Compared with single classifiers or multiple parallel classifiers, the proposed ODF increases the accuracy of recognition, while at the same time, decreases the complexity of the system. The proposed methods have considerable features making them applicable in practical situations. Based on the experimental results, the proposed methods outperform state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Performance analysis of discrete wavelet transform for downlink non‐orthogonal multiple access in 5G networks
Authors: Ali Usman , Baig Sobia , Umer Tariq , Ding Zhiguo
Published: March 2020

Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered a key technology to address the increasing traffic demands for fifth‐generation (5G) cellular wireless communication networks and internet of things. The NOMA technique offers efficient bandwidth utilisation, low latency, and support for the massive connectivity of devices in 5G networks. In the conventional NOMA system, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used as a pulse‐shaping technique that causes high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) due to the superposition of signals of multiple users after passing through inverse fast Fourier transform and spectral inefficiency due to the cyclic prefix insertion. Therefore, an alternate methodology using wavelet OFDM is proposed in this research work, as a pulse‐shaping technique for NOMA‐based communication systems to improve spectral efficiency and system capacity The main contribution of this study is the analysis of the bit error rate (BER) performance and the effect of carrier frequency offset on system performance of wavelet NOMA (W‐NOMA) technique in 5G networks. The simulation results demonstrate that W‐NOMA outperforms the conventional NOMA with reference to PAPR and BER.
Enhanced signalling provisioning for UAV‐enabled MEC: A GWFRFT‐based energy‐spreading transmission approach
Authors: Li Chengfang , Fang Xiaojie , Zhou Xiaokang , Mei Lin , Sha Xuejun
Published: March 2020

With the high mobility, flexibility and manoeuvrability, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)‐enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) plays an important role in many applications that lack of available terrestrial infrastructures, such as disaster response, emergency relief and military scenarios. However, the high mobility of UAVs may severely degrade the implementation of UAV‐enabled MEC in computation‐intensive or delay‐sensitive scenarios from a physical layer signalling perspective, e.g. frequency selective fading effect caused by the low altitude and low elevation angle routes of UAVs. In this study, a generalised weighted‐type fractional Fourier transform (GWFRFT) based signal energy‐spreading transmission (EST) scheme is proposed for signalling and quality of service (QoS) provisioning for UAV‐enabled MEC. In the proposed scheme, the communication signal energy is redistributed evenly at the time‐frequency plane to enhance the robustness of UAV communications against the severe fading channels. The signalling provisioning mechanism of the GWFRFT‐EST scheme is analysed and simulated under poor air‐to‐ground channels with low Rician K‐factor. Simulation results show that the proposed method greatly improves the bit error rate performance with a negligible computational complexity increase.
Hybrid energy system design using greedy particle swarm and biogeography‐based optimisation
Authors: Abuelrub Ahmad , Khamees Mohammad , Ababneh Jehad , Al‐Masri Hussein
Published: March 2020

Renewable energy systems (RESs) are affordable, clean and sustainable. However, their output power is intermittent. Therefore, RESs are usually combined with an energy storage system or conventional sources to make the overall operation uninterruptable. Optimal sizing of hybrid energy system components is imperative to be financially and technically feasible. In this study, a multi‐objective optimisation based on a hybrid optimisation procedure, which combines the exploitation ability of the biogeography‐based optimisation (BBO) with the exploration ability of the particle swarm optimisation (PSO), is used to handle the system design. This algorithm is known as greedy particle swarm and BBO algorithm (GPSBBO). Weighted sum method is added to the GPSBBO to handle the multi‐objective nature of the design problem. A case study for a hybrid wind‐PV energy system design in the standalone and grid‐connected configurations is presented to illustrate the proposed method. Coverage of two sets, hypervolume and diversity performance indices are used to compare results of the proposed method to non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm and the multi‐objective PSO. These indices show an improved performance of the suggested method in finding the optimal system design.
Active power optimisation for wind farms under generator inter‐turn short‐circuit fault
Authors: Ma Kuichao , Soltani Mohsen , Hajizadeh Amin , Zhu Jiangsheng , Chen Zhe
Published: March 2020

Inter‐turn short‐circuit fault of the stator winding is one of the most common faults of asynchronous generators and often found in doubly‐fed wind turbines. The improper treatment methods will lead to unnecessary power loss or further damage to the insulation layer. To solve this problem, an optimal power dispatch strategy (OPDS) is proposed which combines the control at the turbine level and the optimisation at the farm level. At the turbine level, the faulty turbine is down‐regulated based on the principle that the fault current does not exceed the rated current. At the farm level, particle swarm optimisation is used to optimise the power references considering wake effects to compensate for the power loss caused by the downregulated turbine. The effectiveness of OPDS is illustrated by comparing with two usually used strategies, one takes proportional dispatch strategy (PDS) and directly shuts down the faulty turbine, the other takes PDS but ignores the fault. The results show that OPDS can minimise power loss under the premise of protecting the faulty turbine. The study contributes to reduce the maintenance costs of wind farms and improve the operational capability of the wind turbine under fault conditions.
Liquefaction potential analysis on runway construction based on soil engineering properties
Authors: Maulana Arif , Ahmad Rifa’i , Fikri Faris
Published: March 2020

The term of liquefaction refers to a liquefied soil phenomenon during an earthquake causing the loss of soil bearing capacity. In general, liquefaction occurs in loose sandy soil with saturated condition triggered by an earthquake with Peak Ground Acceleration greater than 0.25 g. This research aim to analyze the liquefaction potential of runway construction which located on loose sandy soil area. The analysis of liquefaction potential is based on borelog data, grain size distribution, soil physical properties, and earthquake risk map. The liquefaction potential was obtained by calculating the liquefaction probability in one dimension analysis determined as safety factor. Settle 3D is also applied in this research. The results show that the liquefaction potentially occurs in sand soil layer at 0-6 meters depth with safety factor 0.11-1.06 from manual calculation and 0.19-1.1 from Settle 3D. This result represents high probability of liquefaction at runway construction area, so that the liquefaction prevention method is needed.
Earthquake hazard mitigation analysis of the pier 231 Harbour Road Bridge
Authors: Setiati N. Retno , Guntorojati Ireng
Published: March 2020

Earthquake mitigation for infrastructure, especially bridges, needs to be done to avoid collapse of the bridge structure under earthquake load. The investigation and rehabilitation of existing bridges against earthquake hazards needs to be carried out through a screening process based on The Bridge Inspection Guidelines (Pd No.005-01/P/BM/2011). Based on the results of the inspection and the screening process, it can be determined whether the bridge is able to resist earthquake loads during its service lifetime or needs to be strengthened. This study aims to determine the strength capacity of Harbour Road bridges in resisting earthquake loads based on SNI 2833 2016 and Peta Gempa Nasional 2017 during its service lifetime. Analysis of the pushover structure was carried out at Pierhead 231 which is located on the WiyotoWiyono Harbour Road,Jakarta. The modeling of Harbour Road bridge structure in longitudinal direction consists of piers and concrete girder separated by expansion joint and bearing, while in transverse direction is modeled as a single pier system. Structural analysis modeling is assumed to behave as a system with single degree of freedom (SDOF). Based on the results of pushover analysis, it can be seen the location and level of plastic hinge that occur when the performance point is reached. During design earthquake conditions, the performance point is obtained in the Immediate Occupancy condition and the plastic hinge occurs first at the bottom of the Pier. Structural performance at the time of the earthquake design is still under life safety conditions so the Harbour Road bridge still meets the strength requirements.
Ambulant erworbene Pneumonie bei Erwachsenen
Authors: Mikolajewska Agata , Witzenrath Martin
Published: March 2020

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. To reduce the high morbidity and mortality of CAP, appropriate diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy are necessary. This review summarizes the current recommendations for the management of CAP in Germany. CAP is often a medical emergency. The management of a CAP is based on the individual patient risk. The DS-CRB-65 Score and ATS/IDSA major and minor criteria are well suited for risk stratification. The initially calculated antibiotic therapy is based on the expected spectrum of pathogens and should be adjusted as necessary. Antibiotic therapy is usually administered intravenously in inpatients. With oral therapy, the bioavailability of the antibiotic should be considered. A reevaluation in the first 48–72 hours is mandatory. A therapy duration of 5–7 days is usually sufficient. Preventive influenza and pneumococcal vaccination and nicotine withdrawal are important.
Controversies in Cleft Rhinoplasty
Authors: Hoshal Steven G. , Solis Roberto N. , Tollefson Travis T.
Published: March 2020

Rhinoplasty for cleft lip nasal deformities challenges all cleft surgeons. There is great variability of phenotypical anatomy, but iatrogenic changes and scarring from the previous surgeries add another layer of complexity. Rhinoplasties on a patient with cleft lip–palate are technically and intellectually challenging to master requiring a patient-tailored approach. The shape and structure of the nose are changed to improve both function and aesthetic appearance. In the primary setting, nasoalveolar molding is a form of presurgical infant orthopaedics used for preparation before the cleft lip and nose repair. Intermediate stages should be conservative to minimize scarring, while the definitive cleft rhinoplasty utilizes cartilage grafts from septum, ear, or rib to sculpt the nose. Hereinto, we will outline the controversies, the evidence supporting certain techniques, and our preferences.
Revision Rhinoplasty: Conservation versus Deconstruction
Authors: Lu G. Nina , Papel Ira D.
Published: March 2020

Revision rhinoplasty requires the surgeon to strike a careful balance between conservation and deconstruction. Contemporary rhinoplasty has focused on structural cartilage grafts. These grafts resist static and dynamic forces produced by tissue contraction, gravity, and pressure gradients during respiration. However, the simultaneous use of multiple grafts also leads to an increased deconstruction of natural supports. In this article, we discuss some simple yet effective techniques in revision rhinoplasty in a case-based format.
The African Rhinoplasty
Authors: Boahene Kofi D.O.
Published: March 2020

Across ethnicities, patients seeking rhinoplasty have similar goals—a natural looking nose that fits and complements the rest of their facial features. Beyond a harmonious nose, patients of African descent have a particularly strong desire for ethnically congruent results in spite of individual aesthetic rhinoplasty preferences. This strong appeal for ethnically sensitive alterations is fueled by the desire to maintain physical identification with one's African ethnicity. There are psychosocial penalties when rhinoplasty outcomes stray toward complete racial transformation. Consequently, rhinoplasty in patients of African descent requires a fundamental understanding of acceptable beauty norms, associated psychological underpinnings, as well as unique facial and nasal features among Africans. Beyond these ethnically sensitive nuances, classic rhinoplasty techniques of framework modification with cartilage contouring, grafting, and bone remodeling are applicable in reshaping the African nose.
An improved adaptive signal averaging technique for noise reduction and tracking enhancements in continuous wave magnetic resonance
Authors: Manning Brian R. , Cochrane Corey J. , Lenahan Patrick M.
Published: March 2020

We have significantly refined an adaptive signal averaging approach developed primarily for continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance and electrically detected magnetic resonance measurements. This refinement overcomes several limitations and greatly simplifies the earlier approach. The new technique provides a large improvement in tracking and numerical stability and also features fewer adjustable parameters making this approach more user intuitive.
Bandgap engineering in CuO nanostructures: Dual-band, broadband, and UV-C photodetectors
Authors: Tripathi Akash , Dixit Tejendra , Agrawal Jitesh , Singh Vipul
Published: March 2020

In this work, the bandgap of CuO (p-type semiconductor) has been engineered from an indirect bandgap of ∼1 eV to a direct bandgap of 4 eV just by tuning the nanostructure morphology and midgap defect states. The absorption in near-infrared (NIR) and visible regions is ordinarily suppressed by controlling the growth parameters. Considering the increasing scope and demand of varying spectral range (UV-C to NIR) photodetectors, the systematic variation of the available density of states (DOS) at a particular energy level in CuO nanostructures has been utilized to fabricate dual-band (250 nm and 900 nm), broadband (250 nm–900 nm), and UV-C (250 nm) photodetectors. The sensitivity and detectivity of the photodetector for broadband detectors were ∼103 and 2.24 × 1011 Jones for the wavelengths of 900 nm and 122 and 2.74 × 1010 Jones for 250 nm wavelength light, respectively. The UV-C detector showed a sensitivity of 1.8 and a detectivity of 4 × 109 Jones for 250 nm wavelength light. A plausible mechanism for the photoconduction has been proposed for explaining the device operation and the effect of variation in available DOS. The obtained photodetectors are the potential candidates for future optoelectronic applications.
An experimental setup for creating and imaging 4He2* excimer cluster tracers in superfluid helium-4 via neutron-3He absorption reaction
Authors: Sonnenschein V. , Tsuji Y. , Kokuryu S. , Kubo W. , Suzuki S. , Tomita H. , Kiyanagi Y. , Iguchi T. , Matsushita T. , Wada N. , Kitaguchi M. , Shimizu H. M. , Hirota K. , Shinohara T. , Hiroi K. , Hayashida H. , Guo W. , Ito D. , Saito Y.
Published: March 2020

For the purpose of future visualization of the flow field in superfluid helium-4, clusters of the triplet state excimer 4He2* are generated along the micro-scale recoil tracks of the neutron-absorption reaction n + 3He → 3T + p. This reaction is induced by neutron irradiation of the 3He fraction contained in natural isotopic abundance liquid helium with neutron beams either from the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (JPARC)/Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility or from the Kyoto University Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science. These 4He2* clusters are expected to be ideal tracers of the normal-fluid component in superfluid helium with several advantageous properties. Evidence of the excimer generation is inferred by detection of laser induced fluorescence emitted from the 4He2* clusters excited by a purpose-built short pulse gain-switched titanium:sapphire (Ti:sa) laser operating at a wavelength of 905 nm. The setup and performance characteristics of the laser system including the Ti:sa and two continuous wave re-pumping lasers are described. Detection at the fluorescence wavelength of 640 nm is performed by using optical bandpass filtered photomultiplier tubes (PMT). Electrical noise in the PMT acquisition traces could successfully be suppressed by post-processing with a simple algorithm. Despite other laser-related backgrounds, the excimer was clearly identified by its fluorescence decay characteristics. Production of the excimer was found to be proportional to the neutron flux, adjusted via insertion of different collimators into the neutron beam. These observations suggest that the apparatus we constructed does function in the expected manner and, therefore, has the potential for groundbreaking turbulence research with superfluid helium.
Time resolution for wavefront and phase singularity tracking using activation maps in cardiac propagation models
Authors: Gagné Samuel , Jacquemet Vincent
Published: March 2020

The dynamics of cardiac fibrillation can be described by the number, the trajectory, the stability, and the lifespan of phase singularities (PSs). Accurate PS tracking is straightforward in simple uniform tissues but becomes more challenging as fibrosis, structural heterogeneity, and strong anisotropy are combined. In this paper, we derive a mathematical formulation for PS tracking in two-dimensional reaction–diffusion models. The method simultaneously tracks wavefronts and PS based on activation maps at full spatiotemporal resolution. PS tracking is formulated as a linear assignment problem solved by the Hungarian algorithm. The cost matrix incorporates information about distances between PS, chirality, and wavefronts. A graph of PS trajectories is generated to represent the creations and annihilations of PS pairs. Structure-preserving graph transformations are applied to provide a simplified description at longer observation time scales. The approach is validated in 180 simulations of fibrillation in four different types of substrates featuring, respectively, wavebreaks, ionic heterogeneities, fibrosis, and breakthrough patterns. The time step of PS tracking is studied in the range from 0.1 to 10 ms. The results show the benefits of improving time resolution from 1 to 0.1 ms. The tracking error rate decreases by an order of magnitude because the occurrence of simultaneous events becomes less likely. As observed on PS survival curves, the graph-based analysis facilitates the identification of macroscopically stable rotors despite wavefront fragmentation by fibrosis.
The FIREBIRD-II CubeSat mission: Focused investigations of relativistic electron burst intensity, range, and dynamics
Authors: Johnson A. T. , Shumko M. , Griffith B. , Klumpar D. M. , Sample J. , Springer L. , Leh N. , Spence H. E. , Smith S. , Crew A. , Handley M. , Mashburn K. M. , Larsen B. A. , Blake J. B.
Published: March 2020

FIREBIRD-II is a National Science Foundation funded CubeSat mission designed to study the scale size and energy spectrum of relativistic electron microbursts. The mission consists of two identical 1.5 U CubeSats in a low earth polar orbit, each with two solid state detectors that differ only in the size of their geometric factors and fields of view. Having two spacecraft in close orbit allows the scale size of microbursts to be investigated through the intra-spacecraft separation when microbursts are observed simultaneously on each unit. Each detector returns high cadence (10 s of ms) measurements of the electron population from 200 keV to >1 MeV across six energy channels. The energy channels were selected to fill a gap in the observations of the Heavy Ion Large Telescope instrument on the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer. FIREBIRD-II has been in orbit for 5 years and continues to return high quality data. After the first month in orbit, the spacecraft had separated beyond the expected scale size of microbursts, so the focus has shifted toward conjunctions with other magnetospheric missions. FIREBIRD-II has addressed all of its primary science objectives, and its long lifetime and focus on conjunctions has enabled additional science beyond the scope of the original mission. This paper presents a brief history of the FIREBIRD mission’s science goals, followed by a description of the instrument and spacecraft. The data products are then discussed along with some caveats necessary for proper use of the data.
Application of a Langmuir probe AC technique for reliable access to the low energy range of electron energy distribution functions in low pressure plasmas
Authors: Heiler A. , Friedl R. , Fantz U.
Published: March 2020

The electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in low pressure plasmas is typically evaluated by using the second derivative d2I/dV2 of a Langmuir probe I–V characteristic (Druyvesteyn formula). Since measured probe characteristics are inherently noisy, two-time numerical differentiation requires data smoothing techniques. This leads to a dependence on the employed filtering technique, and information particularly in the region near the plasma potential can easily get lost. As an alternative to numerical differentiation of noisy probe data, a well-known AC probe technique is adopted to measure d2I/dV2 directly. This is done by superimposing a sinusoidal AC voltage of 13 kHz on the probe DC bias and performing a Fourier analysis of the current response. Parameters such as the modulation amplitude (up to 1.5 V) and the number of applied sine oscillations per voltage step of the DC ramp are carefully chosen by systematic parameter variations. The AC system is successfully benchmarked in argon and applied to hydrogen plasmas at a laboratory inductively coupled plasma experiment (4–10 Pa gas pressure, 300–1000 W RF power). It is shown that the EEDF is reliably accessible with high accuracy and stability in the low energy range. Hence, a trustworthy determination of basic plasma parameters by integration of the EEDF can be provided.
Ultrathin InP annular nanohole arrays for efficient light absorption solar cells
Authors: Zhang Zongyi , Zhou Jian , Wu Yonggang , Xia Zihuan , Qin Xuefei
Published: March 2020

This Letter proposes ultrathin InP films consisting of annular nanohole arrays (ANAs) for highly efficient solar cells. By tailoring the inner and outer radii of ANAs properly and combining antireflection coating (ZnO) and back-reflector (Ag), the photocurrent generated in the InP based dielectric-semiconductor-metal (DSM) configuration can be increased dramatically by 124.6% with respect to the planar solar cell of equal geometric thickness (100 nm). The fact that the DSM-ANA structure is able to harvest broadband and wide-angle incident light can be attributed to the excitation of leaky waveguide modes, Bloch modes, and surface plasmon polariton modes. This work provides a promising and feasible way to design and fabricate efficient ultrathin InP photovoltaic and other optoelectronic devices.
Measurement of the Seebeck coefficient under high pressure by dual heating
Authors: Yoshino Takashi , Wang Ran , Gomi Hitoshi , Mori Yoshihisa
Published: March 2020

This study presents a new method for measuring the Seebeck coefficient under high pressure in a multi-anvil apparatus. The application of a dual-heating system enables precise control of the temperature difference between both ends of the sample in a high-pressure environment. Two pairs of W–Re thermocouples were employed at both ends of the sample to monitor and control the temperature difference, and independent probes were arranged to monitor the electromotive force (emf) produced by temperature oscillation at a given target temperature. The temperature difference was controlled within 1 K during the resistivity measurements to eliminate the influence of the emf owing to a sample temperature gradient. The Seebeck measurement was successfully measured from room temperature to 1400 K and was obtained by averaging the two measured values with opposite thermal gradient directions (∼20 K). Thermoelectric properties were measured on disk-shaped p-type Si wafers with two different carrier concentrations as a reference for high Seebeck coefficients. This method is effective to determine the thermoelectric power of materials under pressure.
Enhanced operational stability through interfacial modification by active encapsulation of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ghosh Sudeshna , Singh Roja , Subbiah Anand S. , Boix Pablo P. , Mora Seró Iván , Sarkar Shaibal K.
Published: March 2020

Encapsulates are, in general, the passive components of any photovoltaic device that provides the required shielding from the externally stimulated degradation. Here we provide comprehensive physical insight depicting a rather non-trivial active nature, in contrast to the supposedly passive, atomic layer deposition (ALD) grown Al2O3 encapsulate layer on the hybrid perovskite [(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Cs0.05PbI2.5Br0.5] photovoltaic device having the configuration: glass/FTO/SnO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD/Au/(±) Al2O3. By combining various electrical characterization techniques, our experimental observations indicate that the ALD chemistry produces considerable enhancement of the electronic conductivity of the spiro-OMeTAD hole transport medium (HTM), resulting in electronic modification of the perovskite/HTM interface. Subsequently, the modified interface provides better hole extraction and lesser ionic accumulation at the interface, resulting in a significant lowering of the burn-in decay and nearly unchanged charge transport parameters explicitly under the course of continuous operation. Unlike the unencapsulated device, the modified electronic structure in the Al2O3 coated device is essentially the principal reason for better performance stability. Data presented in this communication suggest that the ionic accumulation at the spiro-OMeTAD/perovskite interface triggers the device degradation in the uncoated devices, which is eventually followed by material degradation, which can be avoided by active encapsulation.
Femtosecond laser modification of 6H–SiC crystals for waveguide devices
Authors: Zhang Bin , He Shan , Yang Quanxin , Liu Hongliang , Wang Lei , Chen Feng
Published: March 2020

We report on optical waveguides produced by a femtosecond laser in 6H–SiC crystals. Their guiding properties have been investigated at a wavelength of 1064 nm, and confocal micro-Raman images have been obtained at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. The results demonstrate that mode profiles can be tailored by the adjustment of writing parameters, and the blueshift of the spectrum (at around 787.05 cm−1) mainly takes place in the irradiated areas. From images of Raman intensity and spectral shift, it is obvious that optical properties in guiding regions are well preserved. These waveguides may have potential applications in integrated optics and quantum photonics.
Finite groups of bimeromorphic selfmaps of uniruled Kähler threefolds
Authors: Prokhorov Yu. G. , Shramov C. A.
Published: March 2020

We classify uniruled compact Kähler threefolds whose groups of bimeromorphic selfmaps do not have the Jordan property.
Local infimum and a family of maximum principles in optimal control
Authors: Avakov E. R. , Magaril-Il’yaev G. G.
Published: March 2020

The notion of a local infimum for the optimal control problem, which generalizes the notion of an optimal trajectory, is introduced. For a local infimum the existence theorem is proved and necessary conditions in the form of a family of ‘maximum principles’ are derived. The meaningfulness of the necessary conditions, which generalize and strengthen Pontryagin’s maximum principle, is illustrated by examples.

Bibliography: 9 titles.
Evolution of dispersal in a spatially heterogeneous population with finite patch sizes
Authors: Parvinen Kalle , Ohtsuki Hisashi , Wakano Joe Yuichiro
Published: March 2020

Significance

Organisms are known to invest resources to disperse their offspring. Plants produce fruits, although fruit eaters do not promise to disperse seeds to the right places. According to a classical theory, costly dispersal can evolve because dispersing individuals can avoid competition among their own offspring. The textbook formulas of evolutionary stable dispersal strategies, however, assume the same living conditions everywhere. Here we present formulas predicting the dispersal probability in spatially heterogeneous environments. In the real world, no environment is homogeneous as assumed in the classical theory, so our results bring in important achievements. In heterogeneous environments the evolved dispersal probability can be much lower than in homogeneous ones, and also diversification in dispersal strategies is possible.
Metabolic control analysis of hepatic glycogen synthesis in vivo
Authors: Nozaki Yuichi , Petersen Max C. , Zhang Dongyan , Vatner Daniel F. , Perry Rachel J. , Abulizi Abudukadier , Haedersdal Sofie , Zhang Xian-Man , Butrico Gina M. , Samuel Varman T. , Mason Graeme F. , Cline Gary W. , Petersen Kitt F. , Rothman Douglas L. , Shulman Gerald I.
Published: March 2020

Significance

Hepatic glycogen synthesis plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis; however, the rate-controlling step regulating this process is unknown. Applying metabolic control analysis in vivo, we show that the regulation of insulin-stimulated hepatic glycogen synthesis under both normal and pathophysiological conditions of fatty liver-associated hepatic insulin resistance is controlled at the glucokinase (GCK) step through GCK translocation.
Non-degree equatives and reanalysis
Authors: Bacskai-Atkari Julia
Published: March 2020

The article examines reanalysis processes underlying doubling patterns in non-degree equatives in German and Hungarian. In
German, the combination als wie (lit. ‘as how’) is attested historically and in certain present-day dialects.
Traditionally, it is assumed to be a mixed pattern involving the earlier canonical equative complementiser
als and the later canonical equative complementiser wie; however, more recent proposals
suggest that als was in fact reanalysed from the matrix clause. While matrix equative markers and equative
complementisers are surface-similar in German historically, these elements are distinct in Hungarian throughout its history.
Based on the results of a corpus study on Old Hungarian, the paper argues that reanalysis from the matrix clause is indeed
possible and starts in non-degree equatives.
Contextual triggers of the Hungarian pre-verbal focus structure
Authors: Káldi Tamás , Madarász Levente , Babarczy Anna
Published: March 2020

The study uses a novel experimental method to investigate contextual factors claimed in the theoretical literature to license
the use of Hungarian pre-verbal focus. These factors are: (i) identification, (ii) contrast, (iii) availability of a set on
which the focus operates and (iv) whether this set is explicit or implicit. We tested the effects of these factors using
online surveys in which respondents read short texts describing a context and saw a cloud of randomly arranged words. The
experimental task was to create sentences that naturally fit the context by clicking the words in the cloud. Results show that
narrow identification and contrast reliably predict the use of pre-verbal focus as does the availability of a set regardless
of explicitness.