bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of dynamically equivalent modeling methods for honeycomb sandwich structure: numerical simulations and experiments
Authors: Guo Ning , Chen Hao , Zhang Zhong , Du Fei , Xu Chao
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The structure of the lightweight honeycomb sandwich panel
is complex. Thus, establishing an equivalent simplified model is
indispensable to improve the efficiency of the dynamic analysis of honeycomb
sandwich panels. In this paper, three commonly used dynamically equivalent
modeling methods for honeycomb sandwich panel are studied: a dynamically
equivalent method based on laminated plate theory, a single-layer plate
equivalent method based on the theory of Hoff (1948), and an improved equivalent
method based on Allen (1969). Using theoretical study, numerical simulations, and experiments, the
applicability of these equivalent methods and the effect of design
parameters on the dynamic characteristics are studied, and the optimal
dynamically equivalent method for honeycomb sandwich panels is obtained.
How wind speed shear and directional veer affect the power production of a megawatt-scale operational wind turbine
Authors: Murphy Patrick , Lundquist Julie K. , Fleming Paul
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Most megawatt-scale wind turbines align themselves into the wind as defined by the wind speed at or near the center of the rotor (hub
height). However, both wind speed and wind direction can change with height across the area swept by the turbine blades. A turbine aligned to
hub-height winds might experience suboptimal or superoptimal power production, depending on the changes in the vertical profile of wind, also known as
shear. Using observed winds and power production over 6 months at a site in the high plains of North America, we quantify the sensitivity of a wind
turbine's power production to wind speed shear and directional veer as well as atmospheric stability. We measure shear using metrics such as α (the log-law wind shear exponent), βbulk (a measure of bulk rotor-disk-layer veer), βtotal (a measure of total
rotor-disk-layer veer), and rotor-equivalent wind speed (REWS; a measure of actual momentum encountered by the turbine by accounting for shear). We
also consider the REWS with the inclusion of directional veer, REWSθ, although statistically significant differences in power
production do not occur between REWS and REWSθ at our site. When REWS differs from the hub-height wind speed (as measured by either the lidar or a transfer function-corrected nacelle anemometer), the turbine power generation also differs from the mean power curve in a
statistically significant way. This change in power can be more than 70 kW or up to 5 % of the rated power for a single 1.5 MW
utility-scale turbine. Over a theoretical 100-turbine wind farm, these changes could lead to instantaneous power prediction gains or losses
equivalent to the addition or loss of multiple utility-scale turbines. At this site, REWS is the most useful metric for segregating the turbine's
power curve into high and low cases of power production when compared to the other shear or stability metrics. Therefore, REWS enables improved
forecasts of power production.
Revisión de la literatura científica de la radio universitaria como instrumento de educación mediática
Authors: Ortiz-Sobrino Miguel Ángel , Gómez López Jacinto , Marta-Lazo Carmen , Peñalva-Tobías Sheila
Published: September 2020

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliométrica de la radio universitaria desde una perspectiva educomunicativa, tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional. Como metodología, se han analizado el contenido de un total de 276 registros del repositorio Web of Science. El análisis de la información se clasificó en cuatro categorías temáticas: primeros estudios científicos de la radio en la universidad; tipologías de los programas radiofónicos en la universidad; países con mayor interés en los estudios sobre la radio universitaria y la radio universitaria y sus programas en las universidades españolas. Tras la revisión de los artículos llegamos a la conclusión de que las publicaciones analizadas plantean el interés de profundizar en la radio como instrumento educomunicativo, con el fin de mejorar la competencia mediática de los universitarios.
Declaración de San Francisco de Evaluación de la Investigación DORA. Poniendo ciencia en la evaluación de la investigación
Authors: Vico Eva Aladro
Published: September 2020

Este texto es la célebre Declaración sobre la Evaluación de la Investigación firmada en San Francisco, desarrollada por un grupo de editores de revistas académicas durante la Reunión anual de la American Society for Cell Biology(ASCB) en San Francisco, California, el 16 de diciembre de 2012. Este grupo desarrolló una serie de recomendaciones, conocidas como la Declaración de San Francisco sobre la Evaluación de la Investigación. La declaración DORA, que pide una serie de cambios fundamentales en el modo como se evalúa y se publica la ciencia y el conocimiento, ha sido asumida y respaldada por la inmensa mayoría de las publicaciones científicas en abierto, y buena parte de las cabeceras más prestigiosas de todos los ámbitos del conocimiento. En ella se acusa a los sistemas de evaluación e indexación de sesos debidos al interés comercial minoritario, y por ello, de perjuicio grave al avance de la investigación en todos los sectores. La Declaración recomienda una serie de actuaciones para preservar la difusión del avance investigador de la trama de intereses y distorsiones que hoy la amenazan.
Simplification of a System of Geodesic Equations by Reference to Conservation Laws
Authors: Opara Uchechukwu
Published: September 2020

This paper is purposed to exploit prevalent premises for determining analytical solutions to di erential equations formulated from the calculus of variations. We realize this premises from the statement of Emmy Noether’s theorem; that every system in which a conservation law is observed also admits a symmetry of invariance (Olver, 1993, pp.242; Dresner, 1999, pp.60-62 ). As an illustration, the infinitesimal symmetries for Ordinary Di erential Equations (O.D.E’s) of geodesics of the glome are explicitly computed and engaged following identification of a relevant conservation law in action. Further prospects for analysis of this concept over the same manifold are then presented summarily in conclusion.
De huurprijsbetalingsverplichting van huurders van middenstandsbedrijfsruimte in coronatijd
Authors: Snel M.V.R.
Published: September 2020

De huurprijsbetalingsverplichting van huurders van middenstandsbedrijfsruimte in coronatijd

In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht of en zo ja onder welke condities de huurder van middenstandsbedrijfsruimte bevoegd is zijn verplichting tot betaling van de huurprijs tijdelijk uit te stellen en/of vermindering van de huurprijs te vorderen indien de coronacrisis tot een verminderd gebruik van het gehuurde heeft geleid.
Assessment of knee extensor and flexor function using isokinetic test in COPD: impact on exercise capacity
Authors: Li P. , Wang Z. , Lu Y. , Li N. , Xiao L. , Su J. , Duan H. , Liu X. , Wu W.
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the relationship between strength and endurance of knee extensor and flexor and exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).METHODS: A total of 108 patients with stable COPD (age: 65 years, IQR25–75:
59–72) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Knee extensor and flexor function was evaluated using the isokinetic test, and the parameters attained were considered as independent variables. Exercise capacity was evaluated using 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and 30-second sit-to-stand
test (30s SST), and the results were considered as dependent variables. The association between lower-limb muscle function and exercise capacity was assessed using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS: The patients mostly had moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction with a post-bronchodilator
forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 57.87 ± 17.71% predicted. In multiple regression analysis, flexor total work (TW), extensor endurance ratio (ER), age and FEV1%pred were significantly associated with 6MWT (adjusted R2 = 0.455, P
< 0.001). Flexor TW and age were significantly associated with 30s SST (adjusted R2 = 0.355, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Knee endurance has a significant relationship with exercise capacity, and knee flexor endurance seems to be an important factor contributing
to exercise capacity in COPD patients.
Cost of tuberculosis treatment in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-regression
Authors: Siapka M. , Vassall A. , Cunnama L. , Pineda C. , Cerecero D. , Sweeney S. , Bautista-Arredondo S. , Bollinger L. , Cameron D. , Levin C. , Gomez G. B.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Despite a scarcity of tuberculosis (TB) cost data, a substantial body of evidence has been accumulating for drug-susceptible TB (DS-TB) treatment. In this study, we review unit costs for DS-TB treatment from a provider´s perspective. We also examine factors
driving cost variations and extrapolate unit costs across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).METHODS: We searched published and grey literature for any empirically collected TB cost estimates. We selected a subgroup of estimates looking at DS-TB treatment. We extracted information
on activities and inputs included. We standardised costs into an average per person-month, fitted a multi-level regression model and cross-validated country-level predictions. We then extrapolated estimates for facility-based, directly observed DS-TB treatment across countries.RESULTS:
We included 95 cost estimates from 28 studies across 17 countries. Costs predictions were sensitive to characteristics such as delivery mode, whether hospitalisation was included, and inputs accounted for, as well as gross domestic product per capita. Extrapolation results are presented with
uncertainty intervals (UIs) for LMICs. Predicted median costs per 6 months of treatment were US$315.30 (95% CI US$222.60–US$417.20) for low-income, US$527.10 (95% CI US$395.70–US$743.70) for lower middle-income and US$896.40 (95%
CI US$654.00–US$1214.40) for upper middle-income countries.CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides country-level DS-TB treatment cost estimates suitable for priority setting. These estimates, while not standing as a substitute for local high-quality primary data, can
inform global, regional and national exercises.
Selvmord i nyhetene og pressens Vær Varsom-plakat
Authors: Fremo Skjalg , Thorvik Arne
Published: September 2020

Norsk Presseforbund vedtok i 1936 for første gang en Vær Varsom-plakat med etiske regler for norsk presse. En oppfordring om ikke å omtale selvmord, selvmordsforsøk og sinnssykdom – unntatt i helt ekstraordinære tilfeller – nevnes først av alle regler i plakaten. Før Vær Varsom-plakaten ble vedtatt, var selvmord et nokså vanlig tema i nyhetsreportasjen. Vær Varsom-plakaten hadde et svensk forbilde, etter at norske pressefolk deltok på Det nordiske pressemøte i København i 1935. Vær Varsom-plakaten ble revidert i 1956. Punktet om selvmord fikk da følgende ordlyd: «Selvmord og selvmordsforsøk omtales ikke, dersom ikke ganske særegne omstendigheter - f. eks. i samband med alvorlige forbrytelser – gjør det forsvarlig.» Ved en ny revisjon i 1975 ble formuleringen strammet inn: «Selvmord og selvmordsforsøk skal som hovedregel ikke omtales.» I 1986 kom Pressens faglige utvalg (PFU) med en uttalelse som varslet en ny holdning til omtale av selvmord. I 2006 ble teksten enda en gang forandret, og punktet om selvmord fikk følgende ordlyd, som fortsatt gjelder: «Vær varsom med omtale av selvmord og selvmordsforsøk. Unngå omtale som ikke er nødvendig for å oppfylle allmenne informasjonskrav. Unngå beskrivelse av metode eller andre forhold som kan bidra til å utløse flere selvmordshandlinger.»

In 1936, the Norwegian Press Association adopted for the first time a Code of Ethics for the Norwegian Press. A call not to mention suicide, suicide attempt and insanity - except in extraordinary cases - was mentioned as the first of all of the new codes. Before the Code of Ethics of the Norwegian Press was adopted, suicide was a fairly common topic in news reports. The Code of Ethics used a Swedish model after Norwegian press members attended the Nordic press conference in Copenhagen in 1935. The Code of Ethics was revised in 1956. The paragraph on suicide had the following wording: “Suicide and suicide attempts should not be mentioned, if not very special circumstances – for instance in connection with severe criminal acts – makes it justifiable.” In a new revision in 1975, the wording was narrowed: “Suicide and suicide attempts should not, as a general rule, be mentioned”. In 1986, the Norwegian Press Complaints Commission (Pressens faglige utvalg, PFU) issued a statement that heralded a new approach to reporting on suicide. In 2006, the text was revised once more, and the paragraph on suicide received the following wording, which still applies: “Be cautious about mentioning suicide and suicide attempts. Avoid describing details that are not necessary to meet general information requirements. Avoid describing suicide methods or other conditions that may trigger additional acts of suicide.”
Exil und Widerstand. Zu Otto Bauers Schrift »Die illegale Partei«
Authors: Saage Richard
Published: September 2020

Im Gegensatz zu aktualisierenden Interpretationen des letzten Werks Otto Bauers ist der vorliegende Aufsatz auf die Rolle fokussiert, die Bauers Buch in den Diskussionen der deutschsprachigen Sozialdemokraten spielte, die von den Nazis ins Exil vertrieben wurden. Der Aufsatz rekonstruiert, wie Bauer auf wichtige Widerstandspositionen einwirkte, wenn er sich mit dem Manifest »Neu beginnen!« auseinandersetzte. Zum anderen ist aber ebenso relevant die Kritik an seiner Konzeption der illegalen Partei, wie sie Curt Geyer 1939 im Licht des exilierten Parteivorstandes der SPD geübt hat. Dem letzten Abschnitt ist der Versuch einer Einordnung dieser Schrift in die Ideengeschichte der demokratischen Arbeiterbewegung gewidmet.
Interdisziplinäres Lernen in der kritischen digitalen Politikwissenschaft evaluieren
Authors: Griebel Tim
Published: September 2020

Aufbauend auf dem Fundament des Critical Realism entwirft der Beitrag eine kritische digitale Politikwissenschaft, welche die menschliche Emanzipation im digitalen Kontext zum Ziel hat. Diese spezielle Form von Interdisziplinarität integriert Einsichten der Computer- und der Sozialwissenschaften durch ein in zweifacher Hinsicht kritisches Bewusstsein. Methoden der Computerwissenschaften müssen mit Gedanken der kritischen Theorie in Kontakt gebracht werden, um die durch sie generierten Ergebnisse interpretieren und die Methoden selbst kritisch hinterfragen zu können. Anschließend skizziert der Beitrag die Vermittlung der kritischen digitalen Politikwissenschaft in einem Bachelor-Seminar im Rahmen einer korpusbasierten Diskursanalyse und legt die durch einen Mixed-Methods-Ansatz gewonnen Erkenntnisse bei der Evaluation des Seminars dar.
»Ich will Tschechien wie ein Unternehmen führen«
Authors: Novotný Lukáš , Šárovec Daniel
Published: September 2020

Der vorliegende Artikel ist eine qualitative Fallstudie über die Entstehung, Entwicklung und Ausformung der tschechischen politischen Bewegung ANO 2011 von ihrer Gründung 2012 bis zur Gegenwart. Analysiert wird ihre Rolle als neue Erscheinung im tschechischen Parteiensystem, dabei wird auf die europäische Dimension einiger Aspekte der Aktivitäten vor allem des Leaders der Bewegung als der wichtigsten Persönlichkeit verwiesen. Am Beispiel von ANO werden typische Elemente heutiger Anti-Establishment-Parteien und -Bewegungen aufgezeigt, die mit dem Angebot, Bürger vor korrumpierten Politikern zu schützen, aber auch dem Vorhandensein eines Leaders-Begründers als langfristig markantestes Gesicht der Bewegung Hand in Hand gehen. Signifikant ist ebenfalls die Autorität des ANO-Leaders Andrej Babiš innerhalb der Bewegung. Die Studie antwortet auf die Fragen: Welche Aspekte dokumentieren die Neuartigkeit von ANO? Wie akzentuiert ANO ihren Anti-Establishment-Appell?
Alltag im Reallabor. Pandemie und Bürgerkrieg als existentielle gesellschaftliche Krisen
Authors: Beck Teresa Koloma
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Organisation des Alltags in der COVID-19-Pandemie. Er verbindet empirisches Interesse mit einer Reflexion der Möglichkeiten der Forschung in einer emergenten Krise. Überlegungen zum Analogical Theorizing aufgreifend wird argumentiert, dass sich strukturelle Analogien zu gut erforschten Phänomenen analytisch fruchtbar machen lassen. Forschung zum Alltag im Bürgerkrieg wird als ein heuristisch produktives Vergleichsfeld vorgestellt und die vergleichende Analyse auf den Begriff der existentiellen gesellschaftlichen Krise enggeführt.
The Effects of Different Instructional CPR Method on the Acquisition and Retention of CPR Skills in Soldiers: A Controlled Randomized Trial
Authors: Ranjbar Moeen , Hejripour Seyed Zia , Darvishi Mohammad , Karimi Ebrahim
Published: September 2020

Background: The mortality rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is high and it's shown that bystander CPR increases the survival rate of these patients by two to three-folds. Several methods are introduced to improve the acquisition and retention of CPR-related knowledge learned in courses. Objectives: The current study aimed to compare three different methods of teaching CPR in terms of primary acquisition and retention of such skills in soldiers. Methods: This study was performed from November 2019 to February 2020 on selected duty male soldiers doing their military service. Participants were randomized into 1 of the following 4 groups: (1) A lecture-based, 30-minute class session followed by a one-hour practice on a manikin; (2) a 20-minute instructional video followed by a one-hour practice on a manikin; (3) a 20-minute instructional video without practice on a manikin (video only); and (4) no intervention. The performance and retention of CPR skills were assessed using a checklist by two referees. The preparation score, ABC score, and total score were assessed using this checklist. Results: Fifty male participants with a mean age of 22.44 ± 2.08 years were included. The median score of groups 1 - 3 increased significantly after the intervention compared to the pre-test results. Group 3 (video only) experienced the highest increment in the preparation score (2.30). Concerning the ABC and total scores, group 1 (class session) showed the highest increment of scores (22.70 and 24.82, respectively). Group 3 (video only) showed the most sustained results compared to groups 1 and 2 one month after the intervention. Conclusions: According to the results, the classroom session teaching with a manikin practice accompanied better acquisition of CPR skills. However, the retention of CPR skills is better maintained with a simple video-only method.
Recovery of mangrove sediment contaminated with fuel oil by endogenous microbial consortium
Authors: Silva Amanda Ferreira Santos , Santos Thomas Wendell Fernandes dos , Gusmão Norma Buarque de , Silva Persio Alexandre da , Branco Thais De Melo Castelo , Miranda Rita De Cássia Mendonça de
Published: September 2020

This work aimed to select a microbial consortium enriched with isolated microorganisms of mangrove sediment as to its capacity to recover sediment contaminated by lubricating oil. The promising microorganisms were selected using the colorimetric dichlorophenol indophenol technique (DCPIP) using lubricating oil as the carbon source, to evaluate the emulsifying and enzymatic activity of the microorganisms. The antagonism test was also used for further evaluation of the consortia. The fractional factorial experimental design methodology (2n) was used to establish the process conditions for the subsequent accomplishment of the degradation kinetics of the lubricating oil by the selected microorganisms and consortium. Eight bacteria and three fungi were evaluated, of which five were selected with a 36 h turn of the DCPIP indicator. Eleven microorganisms produce emulsifying substances and five produce enzymes. The results showed that the best consortium was B5F2F4, with a degradation rate of 95% of the phenol at 70 rpm in 250 μL of the oil. The kinetics of oil degradation showed a phenol degradation rate of 65% after 24 days of treatment. The microorganisms are suitable for the degradation of phenol, the main constituent of the oil, and can be used as a recovery model for environments contaminated with hydrocarbons.
Le temps d’Anne Hébert au cinéma
Authors: Carrier-Lafleur Thomas
Published: September 2020

Cet article propose une analyse comparée de deux adaptations cinématographiques d’œuvres d’Anne Hébert : d’une part, Kamouraska, réalisé en 1973 par Claude Jutra, qui adapte le roman éponyme de 1970 ; d’autre part, Le Torrent, réalisé en 2011 par Simon Lavoie, qui adapte la nouvelle liminaire du recueil publié par l’autrice en 1950. En particulier, nous étudierons la représentation du temps qui est à l’œuvre dans ces deux films, afin d’insister sur la complémentarité des démarches choisies par les cinéastes pour adapter la complexité temporelle du récit hébertien : alors que Lavoie, entre autres par le recours à l’héritage cinéphilique, vise la création d’un temps long et continu, quitte à détourner l’esthétique de la nouvelle, Jutra tente plutôt de produire une forme narrative contrariée où le mélange intermittent des temporalités est la traduction du bouillonnement intérieur de son personnage principal. Témoignant de deux époques bien distinctes du cinéma québécois, Kamouraska et Le Torrent soulignent enfin comment un matériau littéraire comme celui d’Anne Hébert, en raison de son ambition, lance au cinéma le défi d’expérimenter ses limites et de réfléchir à ses propres possibilités d’expression.
Intentional Solidarity as a Decolonizing Practice1
Authors: Ku Jane
Published: September 2020

This article conceptualizes what a border literate reading looks like through a re-reading of Sky Lee’s 1990 novel Disappearing Moon Café. Using postcolonial feminist understanding of transnational literacy, with the help of queer scholarship on intimacy, I explore the difficulty of seeing the intersectionality of struggles of Chinese Canadian and Indigenous women. I argue that a border literacy alone may not be enough to propel us towards investing in these encounters. A deliberate intentionality that is based on a desire for a specific kind of future is necessary in how we retrace the past and in turn give shape to a different solidarity in the present that is not based only on the needs of the ally but a vulnerability and openness for new knowledges and different ways of being.
Border Ethics: Translation and Planetarity in Spivak
Authors: Ganguly Avishek
Published: September 2020

This article revisits two influential essays by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, “The Politics of Translation” (1992) and “Imperatives to Re-Imagine the Planet” (1999), and aims to connect and foreground their shared preoccupation with the ethical as “experience of the impossible.” I argue that, crucially for our contemporary moment, these two essays also think borders—linguistic, disciplinary, political, geographic—but eschew the familiar “bordered/borderless binary”; instead, Spivak seeks to displace the border question altogether onto the scale of planetarity, beyond categories of local/global or national/international where the planet is understood to be in a “species of alterity,” an otherness that is not and cannot be derived from us, “the globe.”
Between Security and Spectatorship: The Media of Transnational Mobility at Canadian Airports
Authors: Hart Sydney
Published: September 2020

As crucial nodes for networks of globalization and border security, Canada’s major international airports include a wide range of media for the visual representation of human mobility, including artistic and cultural displays, biometric imaging, and x-ray scans. Does the visuality of media at airport security bear any epistemological relation to the visuality of art and cultural displays at airports? This paper analyzes the cultural patterns that come into focus when processes of security and spectatorship are examined through forms of power such as pastoral power and governmentality. Furthermore, Canada’s major airports order mobility and security through modes of symbolic representation, thereby playing significant educational roles. Visual media at these airports thereby educate travelers on ways of navigating space, while obscuring the movements of those most negatively impacted by differential mobility.
On Bodily Absence in Humanitarian Multisensory VR
Authors: Zimanyi Eszter , Ben Ayoun Emma
Published: September 2020

Humanitarian organizations, journalists, and artists are increasingly turning to virtual reality (VR) and immersive filmmaking because of its ostensibly unprecedented ability to conjure empathic feelings that lead to humanitarian action. Recent media studies scholarship attends to the possibilities and pitfalls of curating empathy through VR in the context of documentary filmmaking; however, these analyses primarily focus on VR’s unique visual address. The status of the participant’s body, as it exists in the physical world and as it is conjured within the virtual environment, remains under-explored in scholarship on immersive media and humanitarianism. In this paper, we offer a comparative analysis of embodiment in two recent multisensory VR film installations with humanitarian themes: Alejandro González Iñárritu’s Carne y Arena (2017) which stages an attempted border crossing between Mexico and the United States; and Hero (iNKStories, 2018), which places participants into an unnamed Syrian village during an air raid. Using bodily absence as a framework, we argue that agency, responsibility, and a humanitarian subjectivity are ambiguously constructed through the sensing of bodily and psychic borders within these contemporary VR installations. We conclude that humanitarian VR is better understood as a technology of encounter rather than one of empathy.
Quality Evaluation of African Eggplant Stored in Evaporative Coolers
Authors: Balogun A. A. , Ariahu C. C.
Published: September 2020

Postharvest cooling of fresh produce is essential to delivering high quality produce to the consumer. African eggplants are chilling sensitive at temperatures below 10°C, there is need to store them at higher temperatures because of their tropical nature. Evaporative coolers suitable for tropical fruits storage were therefore designed and constructed. Essentially, the evaporative coolers comprised of double burnt-brick walls (1.29 × 2.55× 2.56) m external and (1.13 × 1.27 × 2.08) m internal (L × W × H). A study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical, microbial and sensory parameters of African eggplant stored in two evaporative coolers- aluminum-cladded burnt-clay-brick evaporative cooler (ABBEC) and non-cladded burnt-clay-brick evaporative cooler (NBBEC). Weight loss, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, beta carotene content, ascorbic acid content, pH and microbial load were assessed during storage. Metabolic rates of African eggplant were highest at ambient storage, intermediate in NBBEC with the least value in ABBEC. Beta carotene, ascorbic acid and acidity decreased while total soluble solids, pH and microbial load increased during storage of African eggplant. The evaporative coolers reduced the storage temperature and increased the relative humidity within normal level of storage thereby extending the shelf life of eggplant from ten days at ambient to twenty-one days in ABBEC storage condition.  ABBEC storage is therefore recommended for stop gap extension of shelf lives of fresh produce.
The Study of Factors Affecting Grade X Students’ Learning Outcomes in History Education
Authors: . Tandin
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting the learning of grade ten students’ history. The study sample consisted of 165 students and 18 teachers from four secondary schools under Paro Dzongkhag. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. Questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale was used for the quantitative data collection and focus group interviews were used for the qualitative data collection. Quantitative data analysis was done using mean scores and standard deviation. The content of the focus group interviews was transcribed and thematic analysis was conducted on the transcript. The results of the study revealed that the learning of history in grade ten students were affected most by the school related factors such as curriculum, teachers, teaching techniques and resources. Non-school factors like students’ attitude, and parental support had very less effect in learning history by grade ten students.
Some Topological and Algebraic Features of Symmetric Spaces
Authors: Salama Um , Alla Ahmed Abd , Elemam A.
Published: September 2020

In this study, we introduce some approaches, geometrical and algebraic, which help to give further understanding of symmetric spaces. Symmetric space is a very important field for understanding abstract and applied features of spaces. We have introduced Riemannian Manifold, Lie groups and Lie algebras, and some of their topological and algebraic properties, with some concentration on Lie algebras and root systems , which help classification and many applications of symmetric spaces. The paper is an attempt to explain some algebraic features of symmetric spaces and how to get some of their properties using algebraic approach, concluded with some results.
Changes and evolution in the intellectual structure of consumer dissatisfaction
Authors: Pascual Nebreda Laura , Díez Martín Francisco , Blanco González Alicia
Published: September 2020

Technological progress has encouraged dissatisfied consumers hostility to companies. This has notably caught the attention of researchers, which have developed numerous advances about dissatisfaction causes and consequences. A large volume of scientific knowledge has been produced, making it difficult to process the multiple lines of research generated. The aim of this work is to provide an integrated perspective of the scientific domain's research traditions on consumer dissatisfaction, showing the development, trends, and future lines of research. Using bibliometric methodology, based on co‐cites, we map the intellectual structure of current scholarship in this field. Results point out the major areas of research, the evolution, path of dissemination, and transformative discoveries. This study contributes to the development of the customer dissatisfaction literature by providing an integrated view of the field, facilitating quick understanding of their structure and identifying future lines of research.
Optical Sensing of Copper and Its Removal by Different Environmental Technologies
Authors: Chakraborty Shampa , Ravindran Vyshakh , Nidheesh P. V. , Rayalu Sadhana
Published: September 2020

Heavy metal detection by sensing technology is an important field of research as the heavy metals are toxic and are found in the environmental matrix. The detailed structure and sensing property studies of the probes enhance the knowledge for the future design and development of a probe for same metal. In this review, we have discussed about different chemo and fluorosensors for copper detection and their sensing parameters in different media with detailed structural studies. The removal of copper from the water medium is also addressed in this review. Application of membrane process, adsorption, and electrocoagulation along with their implementation challenges are discussed.
Brief report on a systematic review and meta‐analysis of early childhood educational programming and teenage pregnancy prevention
Authors: Arnold Olivia M. , Coyne Imelda
Published: September 2020

Introduction

This is a brief report of a systematic review and meta‐analysis which examined the effectiveness of early childhood educational programs for preventing teenage pregnancy by synthesizing randomized control trials.

Methods

The search terms included ‘children’, ‘early childhood intervention’, and ‘teen pregnancy’. Databases, bibliographies, grey literature, and policy reports were searched in February and March 2018 and included studies with interventions implemented with participants from birth to 5 years old.

Results

Only four randomized control trials were eligible for inclusion. Individually, only two of the studies reported a significant effect of early childhood education. There was a significant effect for the primary outcome of teenage pregnancy prevention in the meta‐analysis (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.89). However, the evidence was very weak. The meta‐analysis results were weighted heavily by one study. Additionally, the included studies were conducted decades ago, lacked rigor, and varied considerably by curriculum, enrollment age, length, and intensity.

Conclusions

Given the few number of studies, and issues with rigor and heterogeneity, it is unclear whether the results of this review represent a true effect of the intervention. Importantly, this review highlights the paucity of randomized control trials examining the effectiveness of early childhood education for preventing teenage pregnancy. Future studies need to be designed to address the methodological challenges noted here to determine what facets of early childhood education most effectively prevent teenage pregnancy. Randomized control trials, while challenging to implement, are best suited to determine the true causal effect of early childhood education for preventing teenage pregnancy.
Towards a European Health Union: What Role for Member States?
Authors: GUY Mary
Published: September 2020

Calls for a European Health Union apparently challenge long-standing beliefs that national healthcare system organisation is a Member State competence. Interaction between Member State and European Union (EU) levels therefore fundamentally requires reflection in the design, overall structure and legal basis of any European Health Union. Article 168(7) Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides the current version of the seemingly limited EU competence with regards to national healthcare system organisation and has received surprisingly little attention thus far. On the one hand, within the wider EU health competence ‘web’, Article 168(7) TFEU constrains EU adoption of measures incentivising Member States to use particular treatments or to increase intensive care units in response to COVID-19. On the other hand, Article 168(7) TFEU is challenged by the perceived influence of Country-Specific Recommendations issued in the context of the European Semester on national health policies. This opinion piece provides an original assessment of Article 168(7) TFEU to argue that Treaty change to redress the balance between EU and Member State competence regarding national healthcare systems may be uncalled for given both the flexibility afforded by the provision and the complexity and diversity of Member State healthcare systems.
Decolonizing the Literature Classroom
Authors: Noyes John K.
Published: September 2020

What does it mean to decolonize the literature classroom? This short paper is intended as a personal reflection on teaching as an engagement with the social forces that bring neocolonial relations into the classroom, drawing on my experience teaching literature and literary theory in South Africa and Canada. I explore the idea of decolonizing the classroom as the production of an “outside” that provides meaning for the classroom’s “inside.”
Nativist policy: the comparative effects of Trumpian politics on migration decisions
Authors: Duch Raymond M , Laroze Denise , Reinprecht Constantin , Robinson Thomas S
Published: September 2020

Firms in the USA rely on highly skilled immigrants, particularly in the science and engineering sectors. Yet, the recent politics of immigration marks a substantial change to US immigration policy. We implement a conjoint experiment that isolates the causal effect of nativist, anti-immigrant, pronouncements on where skilled potential-migrants choose to immigrate to. While these policies have a significantly negative effect on the destination choices of Chilean and UK student subjects, they have little effect on the choices of Indian and Chinese student subjects. These results are confirmed through an unobtrusive test of subjects’ general immigration destination preferences. Moreover, there is some evidence that the negative effect of these nativist policies are particularly salient for those who self-identify with the Left.
Opening Pandora’s Box: Sovereign Bonds in International
Arbitration
Authors: Waibel Michael
Published: September 2020

In recent years, sovereign debt crises have received much attention from
the perspective of international public policy, but an effective legal
solution to sovereign defaults has yet to coalesce within international law.
Over the last two decades, private creditors have increasingly resorted to
litigation in national courts, though without great success, in an effort to
obtain payment on defaulted sovereign debt. Another, emerging option is
arbitration —in particular, before the International Centre for Settlement
of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Will ICSID be the new venue of choice for
recovering on sovereign bonds? The conclusion reached here is that attempts
to take defaulting countries to ICSID arbitration are unlikely to
succeed.
Late Mississippian limestone sedimentary environment in southern Pembrokeshire (Bullslaughter Bay, Wales): evidence of meteoric diagenesis and hypersaline features
Authors: Battiau-Queney Yvonne , Préat Alain , Trentesaux Alain , Recourt Philippe , Bout-Roumazeilles Viviane
Published: September 2020

Bullslaughter Bay in southern Pembrokeshire, UK, exposes sections of Upper Mississippian limestone strata. In many places, the rock suffered an isovolumetric alteration during a period of sea-level oscillations. We used multiple approaches to study the weathered rocks, combining sedimentological, petrographic and isotopic compositions (δ18O and δ13C values). Two main microfacies are recognized: (i) packstones/grainstones, characteristic of an open marine shallow subtidal/intertidal environment, with a high degree of agitation, slightly elevated salinity and temporary subaerial exposure; and (ii) mudstones/wackestones in a lagoonal setting and intertidal or supratidal environments, with a pedogenetic influence. In both cases, a complex diagenetic story, which started early in a meteoric environment, induced a strong alteration producing loose sediments in place of the parent rock. Calcretization, at or near the sediment surface in the vadose zone, was one of the most widespread diagenetic modes. It could be associated with beachrocks. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope analyses from more or less weathered limestones support the petrographic data: they show non-marine values with δ13C ranges of from −2.13 ‰ to 1.75 ‰ and δ18O from −6.05 ‰ to −4.66 ‰. These values are systematically lower than those of the middle Carboniferous seawater. Some periods of low sea level and subaerial exposure allowed gypsum to form. Neoformation of euhedral quartz by probable replacement after sulfate, and halite pseudomorphs after gypsum in a hypersaline environment are documented for the first time in southern Pembrokeshire. The studied weathered limestones present a complex diagenetic evolution related to sea-level oscillations in a range of hot and contrasting seasonal climates.
Ratios of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte predict all-cause mortality in inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study in a single medical centre
Authors: Wang Xue , Li Xincheng , Shang Yu , Wang Junwei , Zhang Xiaona , Su Dongju , Zhao Shuai , Wang Qin , Liu Lei , Li Yupeng , Chen Hong
Published: September 2020

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern. The current study aims to explore whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with the development of death in patients with COVID-19. A total of 131 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 13 February 2020 to 14 March 2020 in a hospital in Wuhan designated for treating COVID-19 were enrolled in the current study. These 131 patients had a median age of 64 years old (interquartile range: 56–71 years old). Furthermore, among these patients, 111 (91.8%) patients were discharged and 12 (9.2%) patients died in the hospital. The pooled analysis revealed that the NLR at admission was significantly elevated for non-survivors, when compared to survivors (P< 0.001). The NLR of 3.338 was associated with all-cause mortality, with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 84.0% (area under the curve (AUC): 0.963, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.911–1.000;P< 0.001). In view of the small number of deaths (n= 12) in the current study, NLR of 2.306 might have potential value for helping clinicians to identify patients with severe COVID-19, with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 56.7% (AUC: 0.729, 95% CI 0.563–0.892;P= 0.063). The NLR was significantly associated with the development of death in patients with COVID-19. Hence, NLR is a useful biomarker to predict the all-cause mortality of COVID-19.
THE LINK BETWEEN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND INCREASING WAGES IN AN UPDATED VERSION OF SMITH’S THEORY OF POPULATION
Authors: Meacci Ferdinando
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to focus, within Adam Smith’s system of thought, on the various aspects of the twofold link between the accumulation of capital and the demand for labor, on the one hand, and between an increasing population and increasing wages, on the other. This link is examined, first, in the light of the relationship between the principles of self-interest and competition; and, second, in support of the possibility that the long-run supply of labor may fall short of the long-run demand for it. The paper’s main argument is that this possibility is peacefully implemented in advancing economies by the “uniform, constant, and uninterrupted effort of every man to better his condition,” which lies behind a continuous process of capital accumulation and technical progress along with the birth control techniques so widely used in our times.
Suzerainty, Semi-Sovereignty, and International Legal Hierarchies on China's Borderlands
Authors: ZHU Yuan Yi
Published: September 2020

The concept of semi-sovereignty, a now obsolete category of international entities possessing limited sovereignty, remains hazily understood. However, the historical examination of how semi-sovereignty was defined and practised during the long nineteenth century can provide insights on the interplay between authority and control within the hierarchies of international relations. This paper examines one specific type of semi-sovereignty—namely, suzerainty—which is often used to describe China's traditional authority in Tibet and Mongolia. By examining the events that led to the acceptance of suzerainty as the legal framing for the China-Tibet and China-Mongolia relationships, I argue that suzerainty was a deliberately vague concept that could be used to create liminal international legal spaces to the advantage of Western states, and to mediate between competing claims of political authority. Finally, I point to the importance of semi-sovereignty as an arena of legal contestation between the Western and non-Western members of the “Family of Nations”.
Dynamic Visual Noise Does Not Affect Memory for Fonts
Authors: Chubala Chrissy M. , Ensor Tyler M. , Neath Ian , Surprenant Aimée M.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Dynamic visual noise (DVN) selectively impairs memory for some types of stimuli (e.g., colors, textures, concrete words), but not for others (e.g., matrices, Chinese characters, simple shapes). According to the image definition hypothesis, the key difference is whether the stimulus leads to images that are ill-defined or well-defined. The former will be affected because the addition of noise quickly reduces the usefulness of the image in supplying information about the item's identity. The image definition hypothesis predicts that fonts should lead to ill-defined images and therefore should be affected by DVN, and although three previous studies appear to show this result, they lack a key control condition and report only proportion correct. Two experiments reassessed whether DVN affects memory for fonts, but, unlike the previous studies, both included a static visual noise condition and both were analyzed using signal detection measures. There was no evidence that DVN affected memory for font information, thus disconfirming a prediction of the original version of image definition hypothesis. We suggest a revised version that focuses on redintegration can explain the results.
Kabuki Actor’s Forgotten Manuscript Yields Clues About 1855 Quake in Japan
Authors: Hornyak Tim
Published: September 2020

Researchers analyzed a survivor’s account of the disaster to better understand future temblors.
Effect of the cation structure on cellulose dissolution in aqueous solutions of organic onium hydroxides
Authors: Tsurumaki Akiko , Tajima Miyu , Abe Mitsuru , Sato Daiki , Ohno Hiroyuki
Published: September 2020

The solubility of cellulose was systematically assessed in organic onium/inium hydroxide aqueous solutions (OHAS) having assorted cations, such as phosphonium, ammonium, piperidinium, morpholinium, pyrrolidinium, and cholinium.
Probing the location of the unpaired electron in spin–orbit changing collisions of NO with Ar
Authors: Heid Cornelia G. , Bentham Imogen P. , Walpole Victoria , Gheorghe Razvan , Jambrina Pablo G. , Aoiz F. Javier , Brouard Mark
Published: September 2020

The ability to orient NO molecules prior to collision with Ar atoms allows selective sampling of different potential energy surface regions and elucidation of the associated collision pathways.
Palladium-catalyzed selective defluorinative sulfenylation for the synthesis of fluorovinylthioethers
Authors: He Shi-Yu , Zhang Xing-Guo
Published: September 2020

An efficient transformation of trifluoromethylated benzyl bromides to monofluoroalkenes through Pd-catalyzed selective defluorinative sulfenylation is described.
Ultrafast and continuous-flow synthesis of AFX zeolite via interzeolite conversion of FAU zeolite
Authors: Yoshioka Tatsushi , Liu Zhendong , Iyoki Kenta , Chokkalingam Anand , Yonezawa Yasuo , Hotta Yuusuke , Ohnishi Ryohji , Matsuo Takeshi , Yanaba Yutaka , Ohara Koji , Takewaki Takahiko , Sano Tsuneji , Okubo Tatsuya , Wakihara Toru
Published: September 2020

Continuous-flow synthesis of AFX zeolite is achieved with the residence time of 10 min, using FAU zeolite as the silica and alumina source, and acid-leached seeds which promote secondary nucleation of AFX.
Stuttering-Related Podcasts: Audio-Based Self-Help for People Who Stutter
Authors: Dignazio Lauren E. , Kenny Megan M. , Raj Erik X. , Pelkey Kyle D.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

It is known that people who stutter (PWS) benefit from self-help experiences, such as attending support groups or conferences. However, limited research has been done to explore the listening of stuttering-related podcasts as a form of self-help for PWS. This study seeks to understand the reasons why PWS listen to stuttering-related podcasts and provide descriptions of their listening experiences.

Method

Thirty-three PWS who have listened to stuttering-related podcasts were recruited to participate in an online survey that included multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Responses were analyzed and grouped into descriptive themes.

Results

Participants reported listening to stuttering-related podcasts as a way to gain information and perspective. They also reported experiences that fit themes of empowerment and camaraderie, as a result of listening.

Conclusions

Stuttering-related podcasts seem to be a positive self-help tool for PWS. Stuttering support group leaders and/or speech-language pathologists may consider introducing their group members or clients who stutter to this type of audio-based self-help experience.