bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PECULIARITIES OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AT HIGHER AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF THE EASTERN PART OF UKRAINE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS (DONETSK OBLAST CASE)
Authors: Myhovych Iryna
Published: March 2020

The article presents the results of the case study of the process of providing educational services in the field of professional education in institutions of higher and vocational education of Donetsk region, eastern part of Ukraine, with the reference to the process of internationalization as one of the realia of higher / professional education of today. The process of internationalization is outlined as a process of cooperation with public authorities, heads of educational institutions, teaching staff and students to support the international component of the process of providing educational services. It is pointed out that the reform of the system of professional education in higher and vocational education institutions today influences not only the further prospects of development of educational sphere, but also the application of new strategies by institutions in the context of their positioning. The study provides a number of practical recommendations that can be considered as an initial mechanism for monitoring the needs of the regional labor market, providing professional training based on information on the approximate number of workers of different professions needed by regional employers to provide a basis to confirm the allocation of funds from the state (regional) budget, etc. The recommendations provided create the ground for successful functioning and development of the professional training system in the region, and the process of internationalization is defined as a factor that influences the transformation of professional education system towards modernization of its basic structural elements in order to improve quality in the face of increasing labor market needs, and therefore to improve the image of educational institution.
Reliability of Machine-Tractor Aggregates Operation
Authors: Shukhanov Stanislav N. , Kuzmin Aleksandr V.
Published: March 2020

Introduction. The development of the agro-industrial complex is impossible without creating innovative techniques and technologies. The key role in technical support of agricultural production processes is played by machine-tractor aggregates. One of their most important operational characteristics is reliability, i.e. the ability to perform specified functions, keeping over time the values of the operational indicators within the required limits.
Materials and Methods. The object of the study is the reliability of machine-tractor aggregates. The methods of mathematical modeling were used for the study. The general patterns were used for special cases, taking into account the prediction of changes in parameters over time. The analytical description of machine-tractor aggregate operation reliability was based on stationary random and correlation functions. Generalized patterns were used to construct mathematical reliability models using the results of predecessor (analogue) tests. Optimal reliability of the machine-tractor aggregate operation was determined on the basis of the mathematical model of object resource.
Results. There are obtained analytical dependences for the prediction of changes in reliability parameters of machine-tractor aggregate operation over time. The methods for creating reliability mathematical models are developed. Conditions affecting the functioning of the research object are determined.
Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis and synthesis of research in this science field and the obtained mathematical models show that to achieve high results it is necessary to decrease the variance of factors affecting the reliability of machine-tractor aggregates.
A perinatalis hospice-palliatív gondozás lehetőségei és kihívásai
Authors: Zsák Éva , Hegedűs Katalin
Published: March 2020

Absztrakt:

A perinatalis hospice-ellátás a gyermekgyógyászati palliatív ellátás egy
speciális formája: elsősorban a terhesség alatt megállapított fejlődési
rendellenességek esetében, a várandósgondozásban megvalósuló holisztikus
szemléletű, az érintett családokra vonatkozó testi, lelki és szellemi gondozás.
Célunk annak vizsgálata, hogy az elérhető szakmai irányelvek alapján hogyan
valósítható meg és milyen lehetőségeket nyújthat a perinatalis hospice-palliatív
gondozás. Néhány példán keresztül bemutatjuk az elsősorban angolszász
területekről származó szakmai irányelveket, protokollokat, valamint a jó
gyakorlat néhány példáját. A perinatalis hospice kiemelten nehéz ellátási
terület a szakmai és emberi nehézségeket illetően. Kiindulási pontot jelentenek
a standardizált, konszenzuson alapuló irányelvek, amelyek részletezik az ellátás
sajátosságait és azt is, hogy milyen feltételek szükségesek a biztosításához,
emellett pedig jelentős segítséget nyújthatnak a közreműködő szakmák közötti
kommunikációs és koordinációs folyamatokban. Szupportív szakmai képzési
programok során lehetőség adódhat a nehézséget jelentő helyzetek felismerésére,
valamint a megoldások keresésére is. A továbbképzés a palliatív ellátásban és a
megfelelő kommunikációban kompetenciafejlesztést jelent a szakmai feladatok
ellátásában. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(12): 452–457.
Kinureninek és gyógyszerkutatás
Authors: Tóth Fanni , Fülöp Ferenc , Szatmári István , Toldi József , Dékány Imre , Vécsei László
Published: March 2020

Absztrakt:

A kinureninek manapság intenzív érdeklődés tárgyát képezik, mivel számos
fiziológiás és patológiás folyamatban részt vesznek. Az esszenciális aminosav
triptofán elsősorban a kinurenin-útvonalon keresztül metabolizálódik. A lebomlás
során kinurenin-aminotranszferázok segítségével keletkezik az egyik fontos
termék, a kinurénsav. A kinurénsav excitatorikus receptorok ligandja,
neuroprotektív tulajdonságú. A kinurénsav szintjének abnormális csökkenése vagy
növekedése a neurotranszmitter-rendszerek egyensúlyának felborulásához vezethet,
és ez számos neurodegeneratív és neuropszichiátriai betegségben megfigyelhető. A
kinurénsav a poláros szerkezete miatt nehezen jut át a vér–agy-gáton, emiatt
közvetlenül nem alkalmas terápiás célokra. Ezért kutatásunk célja olyan
kinurénsav-analógok előállítása és farmakológiai tesztelése volt, melyek a
vér–agy-gáton könnyebben átjutnak. Az újonnan szintetizált kinurénsav-analógok
hatékonynak bizonyultak több idegrendszeri betegség (migrén, Huntington-kór)
modelljében. A kinurénsav-származékokkal kapott eredmények szerint e vegyületek
új terápiás célpontot jelenthetnek a neurodegeneratív betegségek kezelésében.
Kutatási eredményeink alapján számos szabadalmi bejelentést benyújtottunk. Orv
Hetil. 2020; 161(12): 443–451.
Szívinfarktus miatt kezelt betegek sürgősségi ellátása: a panasz kezdetétől az ér megnyitásáig
Authors: Jánosi András , Csató Gábor , Pach Ferenc Péter , Guti Sándor , Pápai György , Erdős Gergely , Fontos Géza , Andréka Péter
Published: March 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A szerzők 6878 acut myocardialis
infarctus (AMI) miatt kezelt beteg sürgősségi ellátásának adatait elemzik a
Nemzeti Szívinfarktus Regiszter és az Országos Mentőszolgálat adatainak
felhasználásával. Módszer: A betegeknél 2017. 01. 01. és 2018.
12. 31. között katéteres érmegnyitás történt: 47,5%-uknál ST-elevációval járó
szívinfarktus (STEMI), 3614 betegnél (52,5%) nem ST-elevációval járó
szívinfarktus (NSTEMI) volt a kezelés indoka. Vizsgálták a panasz kezdete és a
mentőszolgálat értesítése között eltelt időt (a betegek késlekedése), a mentés
formáját (mentés, illetve szállítás). Elemezték a mentő helyszínre érkezésének
(M1), a helyszíni ellátásnak (M2), a kórházba szállításnak (M3) az idejét,
valamint a kórházi felvételtől az ér megnyitásáig eltelt időt. Az eredményeket
megyék szerinti bontásban is közlik. A medián értékeket és a kvartiliseket (Q1,
Q3) tüntették fel. Eredmények: A betegek késlekedése STEMI
esetén 101, az NSTEMI-csoportban 687 perc volt. Mentés és azonnali
mentőszállítás a STEMI-betegek 58,7%-ánál, az NSTEMI-betegek 43,7%-ánál történt.
AMI esetén a mentőegység helyszínre érkezésének (M1) medián ideje 13 perc, a
helyszíni ellátás (M2) 23 perc, a helyszínről a kórházba érkezésig eltelt idő
(M3) 30 perc volt. STEMI esetén a felvételtől az ér megnyitásáig eltelt idő 37
perc volt. A STEMI-betegek 9,5%-ánál 2 órán belül, 49,1%-ánál 4 órán belül,
88,1%-ánál 12 órán belül került sor az infarktusért felelős ér megnyitására.
Ebben a betegcsoportban a teljes ischaemiás idő medián értéke 243 perc volt.
Minden vizsgált időperiódus esetén a megyék között jelentős különbségeket
találtak. Következtetések: A szívinfarktusos betegek optimális
időben történő ellátásának jelenleg a legnagyobb problémája a betegek
késlekedése. A mentési idők tekintetében jelentős regionális különbségek vannak,
az okok vizsgálatához további elemzések szükségesek. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(12):
458–467.
A közfinanszírozott laboratóriumi szolgáltatások egészségpolitikai tapasztalatai Magyarországon egészségbiztosítási adatok elemzésével
Authors: Boncz Imre , Sebestyén Andor , Endrei Dóra , Ágoston István , Csákvári Tímea , Kovács L. Gábor , Miseta Attila
Published: March 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés: A laboratóriumi vizsgálatok iránti igény fokozódik, a
prevenció, a pontosabb diagnosztika, a terápia indikálásának eldöntése, a
terápia eredményességének monitorozása érdekében. Célkitűzés:
Elemzésünk célja az Egészségbiztosítási Alap laboratóriumi előirányzatának
egészség-gazdaságtani elemzése. Adatok és módszer:
Elemzésünkhöz a Nemzeti Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő (NEAK) finanszírozási
adatbázisát használtuk. Az elemzés a 2002 és 2018 közötti időszakot öleli fel.
Vizsgáltuk a laboratóriumi előirányzat éves összegét, az esetszámokat és a
beavatkozások számát, a különböző tulajdonviszonyú laboratóriumi szolgáltatók
részesedését az egészségbiztosítási gyógyító-megelőző kasszából.
Eredmények: A laboratóriumi vizsgálatok finanszírozására
rendelkezésre álló forrás 2005 és 2015 között érdemben nem változott, az időszak
jelentős részében a 21–22 milliárd Ft/év sávban mozgott. Mind az esetszámban,
mind a beavatkozások számában látunk érdemi visszaesést 2006 és 2008 között. Az
utóbbi években az esetszám évi 14–15 millió körül, míg a beavatkozások száma évi
180 millió körül állandósult. A forprofit vállalkozások részesedése az
egészségbiztosítási forrásokból a 2010. évi 29,0%-ról 2018-ban 10,6%-ra
csökkent, míg az állami intézmények részesedése a 2010. évi 27,1%-ról 2018-ban
78,7%-ra nőtt. Következtetés: A laboratóriumi aktivitás az
elmúlt években stabilizálódott. A szakmai szabályok esetlegesen még szükséges
pontosításával, a kódok karbantartásával a laboratóriumi ellátásokra fordított
összegek tovább növelhetők a most már zömében köztulajdonban lévő laboratóriumi
szolgáltatók irányában. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(12): 468–473.
Tirotropintermelő hypophysisadenoma
Authors: Sohár Gábor , Györkös Andrea , Dóczi Tamás , Kajtár Béla , Piski Zalán , Kovács Mónika
Published: March 2020

Absztrakt:

A tirotropintermelő hypophysistumor a hyperthyreosis ritka oka, a
hypophysisadenomák 1 százalékában fordul elő. Az utóbbi években a felismert
esetek száma nőtt az ultraszenzitív immunometriás esszék elterjedésének
köszönhetően. A klinikai gyakorlatban a normál- vagy emelkedett tirotropinérték
mellett észlelt emelkedett perifériás pajzsmirigyhormonszintek esetében kell
felvetni a tirotropintermelő tumor lehetőségét. A szerzők egy középkorú nőbeteg
esetét ismertetik, akinél a centrális hyperthyreosis hátterében
tirotropintermelő hypophysis-macroadenoma igazolódott. Átmeneti thyreostaticus
kezelést követően a tumor radikális idegsebészeti eltávolítása megtörtént. A
műtétet követően a beteg hyperthyreosisa megszűnt, a residualis
hypophysisfunkció megtartott maradt. Gondozása során recidívára utaló eltérést
nem észleltünk. Esetismertetésünkben a kórkép felismerése kapcsán felmerülő
differenciáldiagnosztikai nehézségeket is taglaljuk. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(12):
474–478.
Mutual (mis)understanding in interpreting in consultations between Turkish immigrant patients and Dutch general practitioners
Authors: Twilt Sione , Meeuwesen Ludwien , ten Thije Jan D. , Harmsen Hans
Published: March 2020

The aim of this exploratory study is to gain insight into the quality of translations of informal interpreters for Turkish immigrant patients consulting Dutch general practitioners. Several questions are addressed: what role does the interpreter take in the medical trialogue, and what is his/her ‘status’?; in what way does the interpreter stimulate or hinder communicative interaction?; and what kinds of miscommunication can be observed, and what are the underlying causes? Data consisted of 16 transcripts of video-recorded medical interviews. Stretches of discourse from eight interviews with good mutual understanding (externally assessed) between patient and doctor were compared with eight interviews with poor mutual understanding. The discourse analysis focused on (1) role-taking behaviour of interpreter, (2) miscommunication and its causes, (3) changes in the translation, (4) additional information and (5) side-talk activities. Findings show substantial differences between the two datasets. In the case of ‘poor mutual understanding’, the instances of miscommunication far exceeded those characterised as ‘good mutual understanding’. Content omissions and side-talk activities seemed to hinder good mutual understanding. This study contributes to knowledge about how informal interpreters stimulate or hinder the medical interaction process.
The comparison of shared decision making in monolingual and bilingual health encounters
Authors: Pope Charlene , Roberson Jason
Published: March 2020

In the United States, Hispanics with limited English proficiency (LEP) experience disproportionate disparities in health services, a phenomenon that relates to communication and decision making. After a quality improvement review identified a disparity in obstetric services for Hispanic women with LEP, a pilot study discussed here explored how LEP and the presence of a medical interpreter affected shared decision making in comparisons of monolingual (English) and bilingual (English-Spanish) encounters with the same physician. A series of 16 prenatal encounters between physicians, patients, and medical interpreters were recorded. First, medical visits were recorded with eight Spanish-speaking mothers using a hospital interpreter to speak with their physician. The same physician was then recorded discussing a similar prenatal agenda with a primary language English-speaking patient. Discourse analysis was used to categorize discursive practices in social interaction. Both encounters were rated using the OPTION shared decision-making scale. Results portray how shared decision making shifts in second-language situations and the associated practices that distinguish monolingual and bilingual encounters. Examples of discursive practices suggest strategies that may mark ethnolinguistic identity and membership categorization indirectly during health encounters.
Managing uncertainty in healthcare interpreter-mediated interaction
Authors: Baraldi Claudio , Gavioli Laura
Published: March 2020

This paper analyses healthcare interactions involving doctors, migrant patients and ‘intercultural mediators’ who provide interpreting services. Our study is based on a collection of 300 interactions involving two language pairs, Arabic–Italian and English–Italian. The analytical framework includes conversation analysis combined with insights from social systems theory. We look at question-answer sequences, where (1) the doctors ask questions about patients’ problems or history, (2) the doctors’ questions are responded to and (3) the doctor closes the sequence, moving on to another question. We analyse the ways in which mediators help doctors design questions for patients and patients understand and eventually respond to the doctors’ design. While the doctor's question design aims at obtaining details which are relevant for the patients’ care, it is argued that collecting such details involves complex interactional work. In particular, doctors need help in displaying their attention to their patients’ problems and in guiding patients’ responses into medically relevant directions. Likewise, patients need help in reacting appropriately. Mediators help manage communicative uncertainty both by showing the doctor's interest in what the patient says, and by exploring and rendering the patient's incomplete, extended and ambiguous answers to the doctor's questions.
Understanding interpreters’ actions in context
Authors: Bolden Galina B.
Published: March 2020

This article examines the organization of interpreter-mediated communication and demonstrates that interpreters, as autonomous social actors, continuously monitor and analyze the unfolding interaction and make moment-by-moment decisions about their actions. Drawing on a larger conversation-analytic study of audio- and video-recorded consultations (24 in total) between English-speaking doctors, their Russian-speaking patients, and bilingual interpreters (ad hoc and professional), I present a close examination of short segments from two such consultations and show that interpreters’ involvement is not limited to translation. The article demonstrates that interpreters’ actions are shaped by the demands of the interactional and medical activities they are engaged in. The analysis focuses on two kinds of interpreter involvement: first, their management of situations in which participants experience difficulties in understanding each other; and, second, their participation in a physical examination that requires a close coordination of bodily actions. In the first case, interpreters’ orientations to their normative responsibilities as translators may compel them to act in ways that are divergent from doing translation per se. In the second case, we see that interpreters’ participation in the interaction may be primarily constrained by the demands of the ongoing physical examination and so be only minimally responsive to the talk produced by the other parties.
Who is talking now? Role expectations and role materializations in interpreter-mediated healthcare encounters
Authors: Angelelli Claudia V.
Published: March 2020

Complex layers of meaning accompany conversations about illness and medicine in medical encounters. The complexity multiplies in multilingual healthcare encounters when interpreters are asked to bridge the cultural communities of the provider (and medicine) and the patient, not only by interpreting the languages used, but also by taking on different roles, coordinating talk and facilitating answers to questions that providers and patients raise as they communicate with one another. A sub-set of three segments of interpreter-mediated authentic interactions (n=392) are presented to explore the provider and healthcare interpreter's responsibilities and challenges in constructing and co-constructing meaning in conversations about healthcare information. Findings suggest that interpreters do not volunteer to take on roles above and beyond the one of interpreting. Instead they are instructed to take on other roles which may not necessarily be aligned with their background or professional practice (e.g. explore medical history, explain the value of ratings on a pain scale). This study has implications for providers and interpreters in regards to responsibility and ethics when communicating with patients who do not use societal languages.
Interpreter-mediated aphasia assessments
Authors: Roger Peter , Code Chris
Published: March 2020

A setting which presents special challenges for interpreter-mediated communication is the speech pathology clinic, particularly when the encounter involves the assessment of aphasia. Drawing on a corpus of five interpreter-mediated assessments of aphasia in speakers of a range of languages (Cantonese, Greek, Tagalog and Vietnamese), this paper presents the findings of an interactive framing analysis of the corpus, focusing on illustrative extracts from two of the encounters. Analysis reveals that while the interpreters are frequently oriented towards issues of ‘meaning’ or ‘content’, the speech pathologists are generally oriented to issues of ‘form’. This is evident from the fact that the speech pathologists frequently question the interpreters about the ways in which the speaker's language is abnormal. The interpreters, however, tend to respond to such questions with reference to their impressions of the person's intended meaning. It is argued that these differences in orientation can be explained by the different professional knowledge schemata of speech pathologists and interpreters and the fundamentally ‘uninterpretable’ nature of many of the speakers’ utterances. This lack of shared understanding makes the interaction inefficient, and frequently results in a situation where the person with aphasia is put ‘on hold’. The paper concludes with a discussion of some practical implications for the conduct of interpretermediated aphasia assessments.
Involvement, trust and topic control in interpreter-mediated healthcare encounters
Authors: Wadensjö Cecilia
Published: March 2020

By examining audio-recorded and transcribed, naturally occurring discourse data, this article shows how participants communicate involvement in two interpreter- mediated healthcare encounters. The article demonstrates how the relational exchange in these encounters, each involving a Swedish-speaking care provider, a young mother (one Spanish speaking and one Russian speaking) and a professionally trained interpreter, is affected by the way each participant orients to one another as a conversational partner. The analysis also shows how primary participants’ orientation towards the interpreter as a conversational partner may have unexpected consequences for the interpreter's degree of involvement and the participants’ control of conversational topics. Adding to previous studies of interpreter-mediated medical encounters explored as interaction, this article demonstrates the significance of shared and mutual focus between physicians and patients when it comes to building rapport and mutual trust across language barriers.
The Syntax and Semantics of the Perfect Structure: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Guéron Jacqueline
Published: March 2020

The article covers some issues that concern the syntax and semantics of the present perfect construction in English and other languages. It states that all Present Perfects may be associated with what is considered the canonical construal in which an assertion is located at the present time but reports the existence of a past situation. However, some Present Perfects may, in addition, have a simple past aorist meaning. The author focuses on pluractional and evidential construals of the Present Perfect in some languages, argue that the Passé Composé construal and the Aorist construal of the perfect construction belong to two different modes of discourse, discours and récit, underlines their variability associated with a complex syntactic structure (an auxiliary verb and a verbal participle for Present Perfect, while the Aorist construal is associated with a simple verbal structure). According to the author, the Perfect has both syntactic and analytical ways of realization, thus the analytical syntactic structure of the Perfect is in English, French and German, with both a tensed auxiliary verb and a past participle, whereas it is synthetic in Latin, Russian and Arabic as is presented in the past participle alone; in languages with overt aspectual marking, aspect may vary on either the auxiliary, if it exists, or on the participle.
El papel de la reflexión y la mediación didáctica en la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales: un estudio de caso de profesores en formación
Authors: Quiroz Londoño Felipe Alejandro
Published: March 2020

En el presente trabajo de investigación se pretende determinar cómo la mediación didáctica y la reflexión en acción contribuyen al desarrollo de actividades experimentales en docentes en formación en ciencias naturales. Para ello, se aborda la mediación didáctica, la práctica desde un enfoque experimental y la reflexión en acción. El enfoque metodológico se basa en un estudio de caso en el que se hace seguimiento a dos docentes en formación del programa de Licenciatura en Educación Básica con énfasis en la Enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales y Educación Ambiental, matriculados en el curso de Mediación Didáctica, ofrecido durante un periodo académico a estudiantes de séptimo semestre, con una intensidad de 3 horas semanales, durante 16 sesiones en total. Lo anterior se desarrolla en cuatro momentos: 1) la caracterización académica de los estudiantes; 2) la cualificación de los docentes en formación, proceso en el cual la mediación didáctica y la reflexión desempeñan un papel fundamental; 3) el análisis de los diferentes registros fílmicos de los docentes en formación en su rol en el aula, y 4) el registro de la información, el análisis y las conclusiones. Finalmente, se resalta la pertinencia de la mediación didáctica y la reflexión como herramientas que contribuyen a mejorar los procesos de formación docente.
Atividades experimentais mediadas por tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação em licenciaturas em ciências da natureza
Authors: Guaita Renata Isabelle , Gonçalves Fábio Peres
Published: March 2020

É cada vez maior a abrangência das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) nas interações sociais, dentre elas as que ocorrem no âmbito da educação. Nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa junto a formadores de professores da área de ciências da natureza a fim de fazer uma análise acerca de como compreendem e promovem atividades experimentais mediadas por tdic em situações de formação inicial de professores ligadas a essa área. Analisaram-se de forma qualitativa a partir da perspectiva da Análise Textual Discursiva (atd), transcrições de doze entrevistas semiestruturadas, sendo divididas em dois grupos: com seis entrevistas com formadores que lecionam em componentes curriculares de conteúdos específicos que contenham experimentação e seis entrevistas com formadores que pesquisam em ensino de ciências.  As categorias situações-limite e inédito viável respaldadas pelo educador Paulo Freire foram utilizadas a priori para a análise. Pontuaram-se também as subcategorias: a hegemonia do lócus da experimentação; a pouca valoração da experimentação associada às TDIC; e experimentação mediada por TDIC. Como resultados se apontam, por exemplo, os notáveis entendimentos que relacionam a experimentação com a motivação e a apropriação de técnicas de laboratório, minimizando o potencial das atividades experimentais mediadas por TDIC.
Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y reflexivo a partir de la enseñanza del sonido
Authors: Fonseca Hincapié Yenny Lucila , Castiblanco Abril Olga Lucía
Published: March 2020

Desde la perspectiva dimensional de la didáctica de la física, que contempla el dominio del profesor en lo disciplinar, lo sociocultural y lo interaccional en la clase, definimos como problema de estudio al desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento crítico y reflexivo por medio de la clase de física. Esta fue una investigación-acción con estudiantes de grado once y su docente, en un colegio público de Bogotá. Para ello, se diseñó una estrategia metodológica de enseñanza del sonido en fases, con el objetivo de estimular cinco habilidades para el pensamiento crítico: análisis, interpretación, inferencia, evaluación y autorregulación. Se desarrollaron tres ciclos de análisis orientando a los estudiantes en niveles de participación, desarrollo de lenguaje, formulación de argumentos, y autorreconocimiento de procesos de aprendizaje. Abordamos conceptos referentes a cualidades del sonido desde el análisis de los efectos de la música y la clasificación de instrumentos, hasta conceptualizar características de las ondas sonoras. Encontramos que es posible desarrollar el pensamiento crítico reflexivo en el aprendizaje de conceptos como tono, timbre e intensidad del sonido, ya que tienen mucho que ver con las experiencias de vida de los estudiantes. Observamos, también, que tanto los estudiantes como la docente, mejoraron su disposición para el debate, la expresión de diversidad de ideas y la argumentación, con el fin de consolidar sus explicaciones y afinar sus organizaciones conceptuales. Hubo reformulaciones sobre sus imaginarios acerca del significado de enseñar y aprender física, más allá de la transmisión de contenidos.
La cocina como estrategia para mejorar la enseñanza aprendizaje de los conceptos de bioquímica.
Authors: Pérez Cardona Liliana
Published: March 2020

Este artículo de investigación surge de la necesidad de responder a dos interrogantes: ¿De qué manera mejorar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la bioquímica? Y, ¿es la cocina una estrategia efectiva para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los conceptos de bioquímica? Se analiza la evolución conceptual que presentan 24 estudiantes de último grado del establecimiento El Trébol, ubicado en zona rural de Chinchiná, Colombia, para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de los conceptos de bioquímica, mediante la aplicación de guías de interaprendizaje acordes al modelo escuela nueva, utilizando la cocina como estrategia. El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo, cuasiexperimental, con pretest para identificar ideas previas, posibles obstáculos epistemológicos y temas con falencias conceptuales. Los resultados permiten la elaboración y desarrollo de las guías para la aplicabilidad y apropiación de los conceptos; posteriormente se implementa un cuestionario final, o postest, del cual se obtiene un cambio conceptual, evolución de ideas previas y superación de algunos obstáculos epistemológicos encontrados. El principal desafío de los maestros de ciencias naturales radica en la identificación de ideas previas que perduran erróneamente, el establecer mecanismos efectivos para su evolución, para evitar que se conviertan en obstáculos en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de otros conceptos. Desarrollar la estrategia permitió diversificar el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje, fortaleciéndolo y contribuyendo a la aplicación de procesos investigativos como ejes motivadores del aprendizaje, donde la química sea vista como área vivencial y cotidiana y no simplemente memorística.
El desarrollo de una línea disciplinar para la enseñanza del modelo de presión arterial en la formación del profesorado en biología
Authors: Mut Paula Natalia , Bahamonde Nora , Lozano Eduardo Enrique , Cremer Maria Cecilia
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se presentan los fundamentos teóricos y los resultados de una investigación llevada a cabo a partir del diseño, implementación y evaluación de una unidad didáctica para la modelización del fenómeno de presión arterial (PA) y su regulación, advertida desde modelos teóricos del campo de la didáctica, en la asignatura Biología Humana de un profesorado de nivel medio y superior en Biología. La unidad se estructuró a partir del abordaje de un hecho sociocientífico e integró contenidos disciplinares de la Biología, vinculados con la pa y los mecanismos para su regulación, con contenidos metacientíficos, que favorecieron la reflexión por parte de los estudiantes sobre determinados aspectos de la ciencia. Se presenta el análisis de los datos de la línea disciplinar biológica que ha dado lugar a una caracterización de los modelos iniciales de los estudiantes, de los modelos intermedios, de los de arribo y de su aplicación. El proceso de modelización llevado a cabo por los estudiantes refleja una complejización ya que, desde modelos inicialmente simples y anclados en el nivel de organización celular, fueron incorporando a partir de las actividades trabajadas, nuevas y más complejas relaciones, lo que favoreció la construcción de modelos con una visión sistémica del fenómeno de la PA y su regulación.
Actividades para fomentar la metacognición en las clases de biología
Authors: Pérez Gaston Mariano , González Galli Leonardo
Published: March 2020

La metacognición es un campo con un desarrollo reciente y una creciente importancia en la investigación en didáctica de las ciencias naturales. Muchos autores y autoras coinciden en su valor para la comprensión de los contenidos, así como para el desarrollo de estrategias de aprendizaje y de pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes. Sin embargo, estas investigaciones han tenido poco impacto en las aulas, debido a múltiples causas, entre ellas la ausencia de propuestas específicas para fomentar el desarrollo de las capacidades metacognitivas en los estudiantes. El presente artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo ofrecer criterios para clasificar actividades que fomenten la metacognición en el aula. Presentaremos algunos tipos de actividades con ejemplos que han sido puestos en juego en la tesis doctoral del primero de los autores y brindaremos además un ejemplo específico sobre la enseñanza de la biología evolutiva que permita pensar en el abordaje de los obstáculos epistemológicos.
La investigación-acción-participación para problematizar la ambientalización curricular universitaria
Authors: Pedraza Jiménez Yamile
Published: March 2020

A partir de los fundamentos de la investigación-acción-participativa (IAP) este texto describe la conformación de un grupo interdisciplinar encargado de problematizar la ambientalización del currículo en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC). Metodológicamente, la iap involucra procesos de gestión e intervención institucional, así como paradigmas investigativos interpretativos y críticos en busca de una transformación. Primero, este artículo presenta los resultados y la discusión de la conformación del grupo, que contó con la participación de docentes, estudiantes y administrativos de la universidad; y segundo, muestra el análisis del lenguaje, los discursos y la manera como el grupo problematiza la ambientalización curricular, a través de la construcción del árbol de problemas como instrumento para recolección de información. Los resultados dejaron en evidencia las limitaciones de tipo conceptual sobre ambiente, estructuras curriculares, posicionamiento de un discurso económico en los campos educativo y ambiental y las dificultades entre los procesos administrativos y académicos.
Concepciones de profesores de ciencias en formación inicial sobre interculturalidad y su relación con la enseñanza: reflexiones en el contexto colombiano
Authors: Uribe Pérez Marisol
Published: March 2020

Este artículo de investigación expone las concepciones acerca de interculturalidad presentes en profesores en formación inicial de ciencias vinculados a la práctica docente, provenientes de nueve programas de licenciatura en ciencias de algunas universidades públicas de Colombia. En el texto se explican algunos aspectos teóricos y se analizan siete concepciones encontradas en el marco de la investigación. El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo, la estrategia contemplada es el estudio de caso colectivo; como técnicas para recoger la información se consideró una entrevista colectiva semiestructurada y una entrevista individual a profundidad. Las concepciones abordadas emergen de la investigación y hacen énfasis en una interculturalidad para todos; interculturalidad entendida como el encuentro, interrelación e intercambio entre diferentes culturas. Se considera además la interculturalidad basada en el diálogo de saberes, la interculturalidad crítica, decolonial y la interculturalidad como parte de la educación propia de los pueblos indígenas. Los asuntos teóricos y metodológicos planteados en este artículo pretenden ser considerados en diversos contextos educativos de diversidad cultural, con el fin de ir del cientificismo a una enseñanza intercultural de las ciencias.
Институциональные особенности взаимодействия между правительствами государств-членов Евразийского Экономического Союза и Евразийской Экономической Комиссией (часть i)
Authors: Пилипенко Игорь Валерьевич
Published: March 2020

Цель: ввиду замедления в последние пять лет темпов развития интеграции в рамках Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) в статье проанализированы институциональные особенности взаимодействия между правительствами пяти стран ЕАЭС и Евразийской экономической комиссией (ЕЭК), которые во многом определяют скорость и результативность интеграционного процесса. Обсуждение: на основе парадигм неофункционализма и интерговернментализма, опыта Европейского союза и с использованием авторской методики анализа институциональной структуры экономики в первой части статьи рассмотриваются функции и полномочия 22 консультативных комитетов при Коллегии ЕЭК. Во второй части статьи будет проанализирован процедурный регламент указанных комитетов и представительство государств-членов ЕАЭС в их составе. Результаты: во второй части статьи будут даны предложения по совершенствованию института консультативных комитетов ЕЭК и по более четкому разделению полномочий между различными органами ЕАЭС для ускорения и повышения эффективности процесса принятия решений.
The Blank Slate E-State: Estonian Information Society and the Politics of Novelty in the 1990s
Authors: Velmet Aro
Published: March 2020

This article looks at how the discourse of an emerging information society in 1990s Estonia both rejected and depended on expertise from the Soviet Period. It traces the influence 1960s-trained cyberneticians and sociologists had on expanding the concept of an information society in the 1990s, to encompass issues such as regional inequality, national culture, and poverty, instead of focusing solely on hardware purchasing and telecomms liberalization. This process was both enabled and occluded through "rupture-talk,” a rhetorical strategy emphasizing the novelty of digital infrastructure development compared to the Soviet past.  The article argues that a shared belief in the power of information processing for both empowering and containing civil society enabled ideologically divergent actors to work together. The resulting vision diverged from neoliberal visions of information societies in hitherto unacknowledged ways.
Regimes of Patienthood: Developing an Intersectional Concept to Theorize Illness Experiences
Authors: Joyce Kelly Ann , James Jennifer E. , Jeske Melanie
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we develop the concept regimes of patienthood. Regimes of patienthood highlights the micro and macro dimensions of illness, paying close attention to how the interplay between the two creates expectations and points of intervention for people when they are ill. Such expectations may vary across time, place, and social position (e.g., age, class, ethnicity, gender, race, sexuality). Regimes of patienthood are always regimes of power and resistance, where the forms of resistance may vary based on individuals’ intersectional positions. We draw on two cases—a study of 45 mostly white, middle class adults living with autoimmune illnesses and a study of 20 Black women living with advanced cancer—to examine one dimension of regimes of patienthood—control. Although a number of social positions, such as age and race, co-produce illness experiences, we focus on three—class, insurance status, and gender—that are particularly salient in our data in relation to control. Such a move illustrates the theoretical power of regimes of patienthood for science and technology studies (STS).
A New Record for the Flora of Turkey: Cerastium szowitsii Boiss. (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: KARAER Fergan , TERZİOĞLU Salih , KUTBAY Hamdi Güray
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: In this study, it was aimed to contribute the vascular plant species diversity of Turkey. Area of study: A8 Artvin: Hatila Valley National Park, rocky places, roadsides, 559 m in NE Anatolia. Material and method: Plant materials were collected during the field studies in the years 2011 and 2012. They were processed according to standard herbarium techniques and stored at three herbariums. Main results: Cerastium szowitsii Boiss. is reported as a new species to the Turkish flora. Research highlights: Recent studies on vascular flora underlined that native and non-native taxa have been newly recorded from Turkey. Thus, this kind of studies should be conducted in mountainous part of NE Anatolia.
SOVYET RESMİ TARİHÇİLİĞİNDE MÜSAVATÇILARA ve AZERBAYCAN DEMOKRATİK CUMHURİYETİ'NE YAKLAŞIM
Authors: TURAN Refik
Published: March 2020

1960’lı
yılların başlarından itibaren Sovyet resmi tarihçiliğinin ve yine aynı dönemde
Azerbaycan’da okutulan tarih ders kitaplarının 20. yüzyıl Azerbaycan milli
tarihinde önemli bir yere sahip olan Müsavatçılara ve Azerbaycan Demokratik
Cumhuriyeti’ne yaklaşımını ortaya koymayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada “genel
tarama modeli” ve “doküman analizi” tekniğinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada
yayınlandığı yıldan, SSCB’nin yıkılışına kadar geçen dönemde Sovyet resmi
bakışını yansıtan bir eser olma özelliği taşıyan ve Azerbaycan SSC İlimler
Akademisi tarafından yayınlanan üç ciltlik “Azerbaycan Tarihi” isimli eser ve
1960-1980 yılları arasında Azerbaycan’da okutulan tarih ders kitaplarından
oluşturulan bir örneklem üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda Sovyet resmi
tarihçiliğinin Azerbaycan’ın 1917-1920 yılları arasındaki tarihsel olay ve
süreçlere genel olarak Bolşeviklerle yabancı emperyalistler arasındaki
mücadeleler şeklinde yaklaştığı anlaşılmıştır. Böylece söz konusu dönemde
Bolşeviklerin gücü ve Azerbaycan tarihinde oynadıkları rol olduğundan daha
büyük gösterilirken, Azerbaycan milli hareketinin temsilcisi Müsavat
Partisi’nin rolü ise Azerbaycan halkının özgürlük hareketini engellemeye
çalışan yabancı işgalcilerin işbirlikçisi konumuna indirgenerek tarihsel rolü
ve önemi gözden kaçırılmakta ve değersizleştirilmektedir. Azerbaycan Demokratik
Cumhuriyeti de burjuva ve büyük toprak sahiplerinin hükümeti olarak
nitelendirilmekte, uyguladığı politikalar ise irtica, karşıdevrim ve
Osmanlılaştırma hareketleri olarak görülmekte ve eleştirilmektedir. Sovyet
tarihçiliğinin Müsavatçılara ve Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti’ne karşı
yaklaşımı SSCB’de okutulan tarih ders kitaplarına da aynen yansıtılmıştır.
Experiences of oldest-old caregivers whose partner is approaching end-of-life: a mixed-method systematic review and narrative synthesis v1
Authors: Morgan Tessa , Bharmal Aamena , Duschinsky Robbie , Barclay Stephen
Published: March 2020

Background and Objectives: Ageing populations have rapidly increased the number of people requiring end-of-life care across the globe. Governments have responded by promoting end-of-life in the community. Partly as a consequence, older spouses are frequently providing for their partner’s end-of-life care at home, despite potentially facing their own health issues. While there is an emerging literature on young-old carers, less is known about spouse carers over 75 who are likely to face specific challenges associated with their advanced age and relationship status. The aim of this review, therefore, is to identify and synthesise the literature concerning the experiences of carers aged 75 and over whose partner is approaching end-of-life. We conducted a mixed-method systematic review and narrative synthesis of the empirical literature published between 1985 and May 2019, identified from six databases: Medline, PsychINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Sociological Abstracts and Social Service Abstracts. Gough’s Weight of Evidence and Morgan’s Feminist Quality Appraisal tool used to determine the quality of papers. From the initial 7760 titles, 10 qualitative studies and 9 quantitative studies were included. We identified three themes: 1) “Embodied impact of care” whereby caring was found to negatively impact carers physical and psychological health, with adverse effects continuing into bereavement; 2) “Caregiving spouse’s conceptualisation of their role” in which carers’ navigated their self and marriage identities in relation to their partner’s condition and expectations about gender and place; 3) “Learning to care” which involved learning new skills and ways of coping to remain able to provide care. We have identified a recent up-surge in published papers about very old spousal carers, which comprise a small, medium-quality evidence base. This review outlines a range of potential lines of inquiry for future research including further clarification of the impact of caregiving on the likelihood of mortality, the incidence of men and women providing end-of-life care amongst this age group, and the role of anticipatory grief in shaping their perceptions of their relationship and their own longevity.
MTT cytotoxicity assay v1
Authors: Huan Tan Huan , F. Thomas Noel , H. Inayat-Hussain Salmaan , Meng Chan Kok
Published: March 2020

Stilbenes are a group of chemicals characterized with the presence of 1,2-diphenylethylene. Previously, our group has demonstrated that synthesized (E)-N-(2-(3, 5-dimethoxystyryl) phenyl) furan-2-carboxamide (BK3C231) possesses potential chemopreventive activity specifically inducing NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) protein expression and activity. In this study, the cytoprotective effects of BK3C231 on cellular DNA and mitochondria were investigated in normal human colon fibroblast, CCD-18Co cells. The cells were pretreated with BK3C231 prior to exposure to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). BK3C231 was able to inhibit 4NQO-induced cytotoxicity. Cells treated with 4NQO alone caused high level of DNA and mitochondrial damages. However, pretreatment with BK3C231 protected against these damages by reducing DNA strand breaks and micronucleus formation as well as decreasing losses of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cardiolipin. Interestingly, our study has demonstrated that nitrosative stress instead of oxidative stress was involved in 4NQO-induced DNA and mitochondrial damages. Inhibition of 4NQO-induced nitrosative stress by BK3C231 was observed through a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) level and an increase in glutathione (GSH) level. These new findings elucidate the cytoprotective potential of BK3C231 in human colon fibroblast CCD-18Co cell model which warrants further investigation into its chemopreventive role.
WHO-recommended handrub formulations v1
Authors: not provided WHO
Published: March 2020

Composition of alcohol-based formulations for in-house/local production The choice of components for WHO handrubs takes into account both cost constraints and microbiological efficacy. The procurement of raw ingredients will be influenced by the availability of sub-standard materials on the market and it is important to select local sources with care. The following two alcohol-based handrub formulations are recommended for preparation in-house or in a local production facility, up to a maximum of 50 litres: Formulation 1 To produce final concentrations of ethanol 80% v/v, glycerol 1.45% v/v, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 0.125% v/v. Formulation 2 To produce final concentrations of isopropyl alcohol 75% v/v, glycerol 1.45% v/v, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 0.125% v/v: Only pharmacopoeial quality reagents should be used (e.g. The International Pharmacopoeia) and not technical grade products