bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Example of Hydrogen Bonding to Platinum Hydride
Authors: Filippov Oleg A. , Kirkina Vladislava A. , Belkova Natalia V. , Stoccoro Sergio , Zucca Antonio , Babakhina Galina M. , Epstein Lina M. , Shubina Elena S.
Published: June 2013

The interaction between various proton donors (indole, CF3CH2OH, (CF3)2CHOH, (CF3)3COH) and (NNC)PtH hydrido complex (NNC-H=6-(1,1'-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) was investigated through low-temperature IR and NMR spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations at the M06 level of theory. The experiment shows formation of very weak hydrogen bonded complexes (Δ HºHB
ca. -1.0 kcal mol-1), which undergo subsequent proton transfer surprisingly easy. Computational analysis of the hydrogen bonded complexes geometry, electronic parameters (obtained by NBO and AIM analysis), and orbital interaction energies shows that all the complexes are better described as bonded to the metal atom. At that in case of weak alcohols (CH3OH, TFE) there is also the additional interaction with the hydride ligand. These computational results allow explaining the observed experimental trends and give the first example of hydrogen bonding to a metal atom in the presence of hydride ligand.
Religion and the Transnational Imagination
Authors: Selka Stephen
Published: June 2013

The transnational turn has generated new ways of thinking about borders and phenomena that cross them, including religion. Nevertheless, there is little agreement on what kinds of processes the terms “transnationalism” and “globalization” refer to and to what extent they represent something new. As the articles in this special issue examine, however, these terms refer not simply to actual changes in geographical scale but to distinct ways of imagining the world and specific claims about how the world should be. This introduction discusses the ways that the contributors to this issue attend to the role that the transnational imagination plays in religious discourse and practice.
Intergalactic Space-Time Travelers
Authors: Hayes Kelly E.
Published: June 2013

The Valley of the Dawn (Vale do Amanhecer) is a new Brazilian religion known for its creative synthesis of elements drawn from a diverse range of cultural and national contexts. This article considers the Valley as an example of the interrelations between religion and globalization, exploring how conceptual changes associated with contemporary processes of globalization such as time-space compression and deterritorialization function as structuring elements within the religious imaginary laid out by the Valley’s founders in the 1960s and 1970s, a period of rapid economic, social, and political change in Brazil.
Framing Strategies and Public Support for the Legalization of Marriage between Two People of the Same Sex
Authors: Pizmony-Levy Oren , Ponce Aaron
Published: June 2013

Over the past few decades, public debate about the legalization of marriage between people of the same sex has changed and intensified. Participants in the current debate have introduced new terms such as “same-sex couples” instead of “homosexual couples” to describe the subjects of this issue. Recently, this contentious issue has also been framed as a matter of “civil rights” rather than another case of “gay rights.” To date, however, scholars have overlooked these terminological changes and their potential effects on public support for marriage between two people of the same sex. The authors address this void using data from a 2009 national survey. An embedded survey experiment suggests that these frames have no significant impact on public opinion. Multivariate results provide additional evidence that gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, political party identification, and region shape public support for the legalization of marriage between two people of the same sex. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and offer possible explanations for the nonsignificant effects of the frames considered.
Too Many Immigrants? Examining Alternative Forms of Immigrant Population Innumeracy
Authors: Herda Daniel
Published: June 2013

The tendency to overestimate immigrant population sizes has garnered considerable scholarly attention for its potential link to anti-immigrant policy support. However, this existing innumeracy research has neglected other forms of ignorance, namely underestimation and nonresponse. Using the 2002 European Social Survey, the current study examines the full scope of innumeracy for the first time. Results indicate that underestimation and nonresponse occur commonly across twenty-one countries and that overestimation is far from ubiquitous. Nonresponders in particular are found to represent a distinct innumeracy form associated with low cognitive availability and high negative affect. Multilevel models indicate that underestimation associates with greater opposition to anti-immigrant policy, while overestimation and nonresponse associate with greater support. Much of these associations are explained by affective factors. However, significant under- and overestimation coefficients remain net of controls, suggesting that innumeracy may be more important than initially thought. Overall, the results highlight the multifaceted character of innumeracy.
The near East Family: Organized for Business?
Authors: Spurlock Charles , Liedka Raymond V.
Published: June 2013

Chaldeans are Iraqi Catholics with a long history of emigration. As a group, Chaldeans own most of the full-service grocery stores, along with other business holdings throughout the Detroit metropolitan region. This investigation evaluates how the Chaldean family provides social capital for sponsoring high rates of self-employment. As an innovation over previous research, this project evaluates connective patriarchy and patrilineal familism as a supplier of entrepreneurs. By specifying cultural obligations between family members, this research differs from other case studies by recognizing the distinctive family structure of the Near East region. The article provides a nuanced analysis of family cooperation not fully exploited in the ethnic economy literature. One such prospect is familism within the extended family. The authors' approach triangulates ethnographic and life history data with census information to better understand how family shapes business ownership.
Identity by Descent: Variation in Meiosis, Across Genomes, and in Populations
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth A
Published: June 2013

Gene identity by descent (IBD) is a fundamental concept that underlies genetically mediated similarities among relatives. Gene IBD is traced through ancestral meioses and is defined relative to founders of a pedigree, or to some time point or mutational origin in the coalescent of a set of extant genes in a population. The random process underlying changes in the patterns of IBD across the genome is recombination, so the natural context for defining IBD is the ancestral recombination graph (ARG), which specifies the complete ancestry of a collection of chromosomes. The ARG determines both the sequence of coalescent ancestries across the chromosome and the extant segments of DNA descending unbroken by recombination from their most recent common ancestor (MRCA). DNA segments IBD from a recent common ancestor have high probability of being of the same allelic type. Non-IBD DNA is modeled as of independent allelic type, but the population frame of reference for defining allelic independence can vary. Whether of IBD, allelic similarity, or phenotypic covariance, comparisons may be made to other genomic regions of the same gametes, or to the same genomic regions in other sets of gametes or diploid individuals. In this review, I present IBD as the framework connecting evolutionary and coalescent theory with the analysis of genetic data observed on individuals. I focus on the high variance of the processes that determine IBD, its changes across the genome, and its impact on observable data.
Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation
Authors: Reggiori Fulvio , Klionsky Daniel J
Published: June 2013

Autophagy refers to a group of processes that involve degradation of cytoplasmic components including cytosol, macromolecular complexes, and organelles, within the vacuole or the lysosome of higher eukaryotes. The various types of autophagy have attracted increasing attention for at least two reasons. First, autophagy provides a compelling example of dynamic rearrangements of subcellular membranes involving issues of protein trafficking and organelle identity, and thus it is fascinating for researchers interested in questions pertinent to basic cell biology. Second, autophagy plays a central role in normal development and cell homeostasis, and, as a result, autophagic dysfunctions are associated with a range of illnesses including cancer, diabetes, myopathies, some types of neurodegeneration, and liver and heart diseases. That said, this review focuses on autophagy in yeast. Many aspects of autophagy are conserved from yeast to human; in particular, this applies to the gene products mediating these pathways as well as some of the signaling cascades regulating it, so that the information we relate is relevant to higher eukaryotes. Indeed, as with many cellular pathways, the initial molecular insights were made possible due to genetic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi.
Meiotic and Mitotic Recombination in Meiosis
Authors: Kohl Kathryn P , Sekelsky Jeff
Published: June 2013

Meiotic crossovers facilitate the segregation of homologous chromosomes and increase genetic diversity. The formation of meiotic crossovers was previously posited to occur via two pathways, with the relative use of each pathway varying between organisms; however, this paradigm could not explain all crossovers, and many of the key proteins involved were unidentified. Recent studies that identify some of these proteins reinforce and expand the model of two meiotic crossover pathways. The results provide novel insights into the evolutionary origins of the pathways, suggesting that one is similar to a mitotic DNA repair pathway and the other evolved to incorporate special features unique to meiosis.
Surface Chemical Analysis of Nanoparticles for Commercial Products and Devices
Authors: Baraton Marie-Isabelle
Published: June 2013

Amongst the list of the measurands specific to nanoparticles, size and shape definitely matter but surface chemistry is also often cited. While it is now largely recognized that surface composition, structure and reactivity are perhaps the dominant parameters controlling properties of nanoparticles, surface chemistry is one of the key characteristics of nanoparticles which is seldom or inappropriately evaluated, as it has been identified by international organizations (such as ISO, BIPM or CEN). The usual techniques for surface analysis of materials often require ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions and are hardly applicable to nanoparticles. Moreover, because the surface chemical composition and reactivity are dependent on the environmental conditions, the results obtained under UHV cannot be extrapolated to nanoparticles in ambient atmosphere or dispersed in liquids.

After an analysis of the stakes and challenges in the surface characterization of nanoparticles and a very brief overview of the usual techniques for surface studies, this paper presents the performance of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate surface chemical composition, surface reactivity and surface functionalization of nanoparticles. As illustrating examples, the results of the FTIR surface analysis of different kinds of ceramic nanoparticles are discussed with regard to several fields of applications.
Glass ceramic materials of the SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 system: Structural characterization and fluorine effect
Authors: Garza-García Mitzué , López-Cuevas Jorge , Hernández-Ibarra Oscar
Published: June 2013

Glass-Ceramic monoliths of the SiO2-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 system are obtained in this research. Due to its potential dual role as a flux and as a nucleating agent, two CaF2 levels (X = 3 and X = 6 mol.%) are investigated in the parent glass composition. Due to its good mechanical properties, we intend to obtain Diopside-type pyroxene [(Ca)(Mg,Al)(Al,Si)2O6] as the main crystalline phase in the synthesized glass-ceramics. Vickers microhardness (HV), density and type of crystallization are determined in the latter materials. The morphology and size of the Diopside crystals, as well as the crystallized fraction, are determined with the help of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Both materials exhibit surface crystallization with Diopside-type pyroxene phase with acicular morphology homogeneously distributed in the glassy matrix. The specimen with the least amount of added fluorine shows the highest microhardness value, as well as the largest and thickest acicular crystals of Diopside-type pyroxene, the lowest apparent density and the largest crystallized fraction. Our results indicate that CaF2 added in the amounts used by us does not act as nucleating agent, but it does affect the growth of the acicular crystals of the Diopside-type pyroxene phase. This is attributed mainly to the effect of fluorine on the glass structure and properties. The materials developed in this study may be considered as viable alternatives for applications in abrasive and corrosive environments, as well as for substrates for metallic coatings, and for abrasion-resistant floor tiles and other structural applications.
Microtubular Teardrop Patterning and the Growing Process
Authors: Okeyoshi Kosuke , Ryuzo Kawamura , Osada Yoshihito
Published: June 2013

Here we show that microtubular bundles bend flexibly under a hydrodynamic flow to form teardrop patterns. In a highly concentrated microtubular solution, patterns of same-sized teardrops form according to the maximum critical curvature, which is determined by the specific rigidity of the microtubules. Our understanding is that these micropatterns grow when microtubular bundles with hydrodynamic flow energy are converted into stable teardrop patterns as a higher structure. This conversion is generated by the combined effect of multiple kinds of energy, including heat and hydrodynamic flow, as well as life systems. These self-generating patterns in a spatio-temporal stream are reminiscent of what the artist Edward Munch calleda scream of nature. We also envision that microtubular pattering with hierarchical structure will broaden the potential application of these geometrical structures and guide biomimetic material engineering towards areas such as integrated energy conversion, soft material patterning, and living signal transduction.
Use of Halloysite Nanotubes for the Production of Poly (lactic acid) Nanocomposites
Authors: Yeniova Canan E. , Ozkoc Guralp , Yilmazer Ulku
Published: June 2013

Environmental concerns emphasize the urgent need for the development of biodegradable polymers. In this study, poly (lactic acid) (PLA), being a biodegradable polymer matrix, was used together with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) to enhance its low toughness. In addition, the deterioration in mechanical properties owing to plasticization was tried to be overcome by addition of nanofiller. As nanofiller, two nanotubular halloysite (HNT) types, one local (ESAN HNT) and an imported one (Nanoclay HNT) supplied by Aldrich, were used. As the first step, characterization and purification of local HNT was performed. In the second step, plasticized and unplasticized PLA matrix composites containing 3, 5 and 10 wt % were prepared and their morphological and mechanical analysis were performed. Upon the addition of both ESAN HNT (local HNT) and Nanoclay HNT (imported HNT) no improvement was observed in the basal spacing of the clay layers owing to poor interaction between the matrix and the surface of the nanotubes which should be modified for better dispersion.
Indium plated carbon nanotubes pattern on flexible substrate defined by ink-jet printing
Authors: Xu Pingye , Hamilton Michael C.
Published: June 2013

Carbon nanotubes patterns of micron-level resolution have been achieved using inkjet printing of DNA and SDS assisted CNT dispersions. DNA/CNT film has a significantly higher resistance compared to SDS/CNT film. Taking advantage of the porous nature of printed SDS/CNT film after SDS removal, indium can be electroplated to fill the CNT network and form a CNT/In composite. The CNT/In composite was used as interconnect material. Reworkability and RF performance of In-plated CNT bump structures are studied and the results are presented.
The Role of Contact Adhesion in Friction and Wear of Graphene under Sliding Conditions
Authors: Sandoz-Rosado Emil J. , Terrell Elon J.
Published: June 2013

In this study, the failure mechanisms of graphene under sliding are examined using atomistic simulations. A 6nm diameter diamond tip is slid (at a controlled normal load) over a graphene monolayer that is adhered to a semi-infinite silicon substrate. The impact of tip adhesion on the wear and frictional behavior of graphene is studied by comparing two diamond tips, one of which has been hydrogen-passivated and the other which is bare carbon. By contrasting the passivated and unpassivated tips, the interplay of adhesive and abrasive wear on the graphene membrane can also be compared. The results of this work indicate that chemical bonding between the tip and the graphene greatly exacerbates tearing in the graphene monolayer by plowing ahead of the indenter, causing material build-up and increasing effective contact area.
A cautionary note on the discrete uniform prior for the binomial N
Authors: Link William A.
Published: June 2013

Analysis of wildlife data frequently involves estimation of population size N based on binomial counts. Bayesian analysts often use a constant prior for N, the choice motivated by a desire to avoid an informative prior, and to let the data speak for themselves. For instance, data augmentation methods for model Mh posit a super‐population of size M ≫ N with individual detection probabilities zipi, with pi sampled from a parametric family of interest, and zi an indicator of membership in the target population; thus, N = ∑izi. Treating zi as independent Bernoulli trials with success rate ψ and assigning a uniform prior to ψ is equivalent to assigning a discrete uniform prior for N on {0, 1, 2, … , M}; by setting M large enough, analysts approximate the improper constant prior on the positive integers. In this paper, I demonstrate some paradoxical and plainly unacceptable features of the constant prior. These defects are not shared by the scale prior, which has been recommended for its good performance as measured by frequentist criteria. I show how the scale prior can be approximated in program OpenBUGS, including data augmentation applications for individual covariates.
Forest liming increases forest floor carbon and nitrogen stocks in a mixed hardwood forest
Authors: Melvin April M. , Lichstein Jeremy W. , Goodale Christine L.
Published: June 2013

In acid‐impacted forests, decreased soil pH and calcium (Ca) availability have the potential to influence biotic and abiotic controls on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. We investigated the effects of liming on above‐ and belowground C and N pools and fluxes 19 years after lime addition to the Woods Lake Watershed, Adirondack Park, New York, USA. Soil pH and exchangeable Ca remained elevated in the forest floor and upper mineral soil of limed areas. Forest floor C and N stocks were significantly larger in limed plots (68 vs. 31 Mg C/ha, and 3.0 vs. 1.5 Mg N/ha), resulting from a larger mass of Oa material. Liming reduced soil basal respiration rates by 17% and 43% in the Oe and Oa horizons, respectively. Net N mineralization was significantly lower in the limed soils for both forest floor horizons. Additional measurements of forest floor depth outside of our study plots, but within the treatment and control subcatchments also showed a deeper forest floor in limed areas; however, the mean depth of limed forest floor was 5 cm shallower than that observed in our study plots. Using a differential equation model of forest floor C dynamics, we found that liming effects on C fluxes measured within our study plots could explain the small observed increase in the Oe C stock but were not large enough to explain the increase in the Oa. Our catchment‐wide assessment of forest floor depth, however, indicates that our plot analysis may be an overestimate of ecosystem‐scale C and N stocks. Our results suggest that the mechanisms identified in our study, primarily liming‐induced reduction in decomposition rates, may account for much of the observed increase in forest floor C. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding of the effects of liming in hardwood forests, and the long‐term impacts of acid deposition on forest C and N uptake and retention.
HIDDEN MINERAL DEPOSITS IN Cu-DOMINATED PORPHYRY-SKARN SYSTEMS: HOW RESOURCE REPORTING CAN OCCLUDE IMPORTANT MINERALIZATION TYPES WITHIN MINING CAMPS
Authors: Jowitt Simon M. , Mudd Gavin M. , Weng Zhehan
Published: June 2013

A single mining camp or ore deposit can contain multiple mineral deposit types but may have mineral reserves or resources classified by what a mining or mineral exploration company considers to be the dominant mineralization type in the area. In this paper, we summarize recent work on the challenges of reporting mineral deposits by geologic processes rather than by grades, tonnages, and mineral processing approaches. For example, the Ertsberg-Grasberg district of Indonesia contains several large skarn Cu-Au-Ag deposits, with the discovery outcrop as well as early production entirely in skarn. All early publications and resource descriptions refer to it as the Ertsberg district. Subsequent discovery of the giant Grasberg porphyry Cu-Au-Ag deposit led to the entire district being renamed Grasberg and classified as a porphyry deposit, despite the skarn-focused discovery and early production history of the deposit, as well as the presence of several large skarn deposits within the district. The Ok Tedi Cu-Au-Ag deposit of western Papua New Guinea also is generally thought of as a major porphyry Cu deposit, yet hosts both porphyry and skarn mineralization. Current reserve estimates indicate that the majority of the contained metal within the deposit is hosted by skarns rather than porphyry bodies. Thus, following the Grasberg example in terms of contained metal, Ok Tedi could be classified as a skarn rather than a porphyry deposit. In addition, comparatively minor mineral deposits can prove useful during exploration; this is exemplified by the large Au-Cu-Ag porphyry deposits at Cadia in Australia that were discovered by exploring modest skarn deposits using the Ertsberg-Grasberg skarn-porphyry model. Here, we extend a recent global compilation of economic Cu mineral resources by analyzing cumulative production and reserve-resource data for Ertsberg-Grasberg, Ok Tedi, and Cadia, and provide a brief review of a number of other Cu projects that contain multiple mineralization types. Overall, in order to help inform exploration strategies as well as facilitate the development of more comprehensive and accurate mineral deposit models, there is clearly positive value for the mineral exploration and mining industry in reporting ore reserves and mineral resources by mineralization type.
Spatial Variation in Platinum Group Element Concentrations in Ore-Bearing Komatiite at the Long-Victor Deposit, Kambalda Dome, Western Australia: Enlarging the Footprint of Nickel Sulfide Orebodies
Authors: Barnes Stephen J. , Heggie Geoffrey J. , Fiorentini Marco L.
Published: June 2013

The detectable footprints of komatiite-hosted nickel sulfide deposits are typically very small, but can potentially be enlarged by identifying subtle geochemical variations related to ore-forming processes in the host rocks. This study examines the spatial variability of whole-rock concentrations of platinum group elements (PGEs) within the host flow to massive nickel sulfide mineralization at the Long-Victor deposit, Kambalda dome (Western Australia), where a series of ore shoots occupy two subparallel channels, over a strike length of approximately 3,000 m. The basal komatiite flow unit at Long-Victor contains a wide range of platinum group element concentrations and PGE/Ti ratios in S-poor rocks outside the ore shoots. About a third of the samples analyzed show evidence for either enrichment or depletion in PGEs, as estimated from mantle-normalized ratios of Pt/Ti, Pd/Ti, and Rh/Ti, relative to background values typical of those found in Neoarchean Munro-type komatiites worldwide. The very strong correlations observed between Pt/Ti, Pd/Ti, and Rh/Ti testify to a primary magmatic origin of this signal. Depletion signatures are largely restricted to samples in the flanking environment within the basal flow, and are found both in spinifex-textured A-zone and cumulate B-zone samples. The strongest depletion signatures are preserved in the uppermost portions of the A-zone and decrease in magnitude with increasing depth from the stratigraphic top of the spinifex horizon downward. This is interpreted as the result of progressive flushing of the flow channel by PGE-undepleted lava subsequent to ore formation. Enriched signatures are largely restricted to cumulate rock types, and are found within both channels and flanks. The halo of anomalous PGE/Ti ratios, both depleted and enriched, extends more than 400 m from the cutoff of 0.4% Ni that defines the limit of disseminated ores, and is much more extensive and marked than anomalies defined by Ni concentrations, Ni/Cr ratios, or Ni/Ti ratios, which extend no more than 20 m beyond the disseminated ores themselves. The PGE enrichment halo is recognizable in rocks having no visible sulfide and having Ni values falling within the silicate background, and is attributed to the accumulation of small proportions of PGE-rich disseminated sulfide liquid formed at high R factors, with subsequent loss of S during hydrothermal alteration. Mapping of PGE/Ti ratios provides an effective and sensitive method for vectoring toward ore during mine-scale and prospect-scale exploration, and is potentially applicable to mafic systems as well as to komatiites.
The Metal Content of Silicate Melts and Aqueous Fluids in Subeconomically Mo Mineralized Granites: Implications for Porphyry Mo Genesis
Authors: Lerchbaumer Linda , Audétat Andreas
Published: June 2013

To better understand the factors leading to porphyry Mo mineralization, we studied melt and fluid inclusions in three subeconomically Mo mineralized granites in well-known Mo provinces: the Treasure Mountain dome in the Colorado mineral belt (USA), and the Drammen and Glitrevann granites in the Oslo rift (Norway). Melt and fluid inclusions were investigated in samples ranging from coarsely crystallized whole rocks to euhedral quartz crystals within miarolitic cavities. The major and trace element chemistry of individual inclusions was determined by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Melt inclusions are rhyolitic in composition and record a clear trend of increasing Mo concentrations with increasing degree of melt differentiation as monitored by Cs, extending from ~5 to 10 ppm Mo at 5 ppm Cs to ~17 to 40 ppm Mo at 100 ppm Cs. Coexisting magmatic fluids were single phase, had a salinity of 4 to 6 wt % NaCl equiv and a density of 0.6 to 0.7 g/cm3, and contained ~0.5 wt % S and up to 6 mol % CO2. Molybdenum concentrations in these fluids ranged from ~20 to ~200 ppm Mo, except for some highly evolved fluids that had lower Mo contents.

Comparison of our data with published fluid and melt inclusion data from porphyry Mo deposits, porphyry Cu (Mo, Au) deposits, and barren intrusions reveals that most subduction-related magmas have lower Mo/Cs ratios than within-plate magmas, but that within these two groups there are no systematic differences between barren and productive intrusions. This suggests that the mineralization potential was not primarily controlled by the metal content of the melts and fluids, but rather by other factors such as size of the magma chamber and the efficiency of residual melt and fluid extraction from the magma chamber and their focusing into a small apophysis at its top. Based on our data, it can be calculated that at least several tens of km3 of magma were necessary to form intermediate-sized Mo deposits, and at least several hundred km3 to form giant (≥1 Mt Mo) deposits. All three granites investigated in this study would have been large enough to produce at least an intermediate-sized Mo deposit, but they nevertheless are only subeconomically mineralized. Their low productivity thus appears to be the result of poor fluid focusing. Factors promoting a high degree of fluid focusing include (1) accumulation of major volumes of fractionated, crystal-poor melts at the top of the magma chamber, (2) formation of an apophysis, and (3) development of convection cells, leading to an efficient circulation of these fractionated melts through the apophysis.
Robust sensorless control of BLDC Motor using second derivative function of the sum of terminal voltages
Authors: Boughaba Abdelali , Chaabane Mabrouk , Benaggoune Said
Published: June 2013

This paper proposes a new sensorless control method for the speed and
position control of a BLDC Motor. This sensorless drive technique calculates
the commutations instants (duration of commutation) by deriving the sum of
the terminal voltages of the motor (SigVi). Thus, it is possible to estimate
the rotor position (and back EMF of the motor) by only using measurements of
the stator line currents and voltages. The implantation of these detectors
is easy and cheap. This method is quite robust across variations in stator
resistance due to changes in temperature or frequency. With this method the
motor can be started without needing the initial position of the rotor. This
proposed method is validated through extensive simulations at different
speeds, and a very satisfactory performance has been achieved.
Book-to-Market Ratio and Skewness of Stock Returns
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Jun
Published: June 2013

This study demonstrates that stocks with low book-to-market ratios, also known as glamour stocks, have significantly more positive skewness in their return distributions compared to the return distributions of value stocks with high book-to-market ratios. The premium (discount) investors apply to these glamour (value) stocks also correlates significantly with the difference in return skewness. These findings suggest that the value/glamour-stock puzzle is partially explained by investor preference for positive skewness in stock returns. Such preference for skewness, which is consistent with investors having inverse S-shaped utility functions, is observed in such consumer behaviors as lottery purchases and gambling. This paper further documents significant predictive power of accounting-based measures, such as the book rate of return, with respect to the skewness of stock returns.

Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the paper.
When are Enhanced Relationship Tax Compliance Programs Mutually Beneficial?
Authors: De Simone Lisa , Sansing Richard C. , Seidman Jeri K.
Published: June 2013

This study investigates the circumstances under which “enhanced relationship” tax-compliance programs are mutually beneficial to taxpayers and tax authorities, as well as how these benefits are shared. We develop a model of taxpayer and tax authority behavior inside and outside of an enhanced relationship program. Our model suggests that, despite the adversarial nature of the relationship, an enhanced relationship program is mutually beneficial in many settings. The benefits are due to lower combined government audit and taxpayer compliance costs. These costs are lower because taxpayers are less likely to claim positions with weak support and the government is less likely to challenge positions with strong support inside the program. Further, we show that an increase in the ability of the tax authority to identify uncertain tax positions makes an enhanced relationship tax-compliance program more attractive to both the taxpayer and the tax authority.

JEL Classifications: H26
Forecasting without Consequence? Evidence on the Properties of Retiring CEOs' Forecasts of Future Earnings
Authors: Cassell Cory A. , Huang Shawn X. , Sanchez Juan Manuel
Published: June 2013

We investigate whether retiring CEOs engage in opportunistic terminal-year forecasting behavior and the circumstances in which such behavior is likely to be more or less pronounced. Using a within-CEO empirical design, we find that retiring CEOs are more likely to issue forecasts of future earnings, and that they issue such forecasts more frequently in their terminal year relative to other years during their tenure with the firm. Further, retiring CEOs' terminal-year forecasts of future earnings are more likely to convey good news and are more optimistically biased relative to pre-terminal years. Opportunistic terminal-year forecasting behavior is: (1) more pronounced in the presence of higher CEO equity incentives and when discretionary expenditures are cut in the terminal year, and (2) less pronounced in the presence of stronger monitoring mechanisms, such as higher institutional ownership. Collectively, our results provide evidence on a potential implication of the CEO horizon problem that has not been investigated previously.

Data Availability: All data used in the study are publicly available from the sources cited in the text.
SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–50,000 Years cal BP
Authors: Hogg Alan G , Hua Quan , Blackwell Paul G , Niu Mu , Buck Caitlin E , Guilderson Thomas P , Heaton Timothy J , Palmer Jonathan G , Reimer Paula J , Reimer Ron W , Turney Christian S M , Zimmerman Susan R H
Published: June 2013

The Southern Hemisphere SHCal04 radiocarbon calibration curve has been updated with the addition of new data sets extending measurements to 2145 cal BP and including the ANSTO Younger Dryas Huon pine data set. Outside the range of measured data, the curve is based upon the ern Hemisphere data sets as presented in IntCal13, with an interhemispheric offset averaging 43 ± 23 yr modeled by an autoregressive process to represent the short-term correlations in the offset.
Experimental Tests on the Influence of Waste Covering Layer on Odour Reduction
Authors: Vasarevičius Saulius , Batavičius Tadas
Published: June 2013

Waste management is one of the most relevant problems of environmental protection. Landfills constitute an unavoidable component of the waste management system. The article discusses the problem of landfill odours. Reduction of waste tipping areas and temporary waste covering are the most efficient measures for reducing odours from landfills. The article presents the results of experimental tests on the use of building debris for the reduction of odours from landfills. Tests were performed by applying dynamic olfactometry. Upon covering waste with the building debris layer of 10 cm thickness odour thresholds fell from 51.0 to 79.7% compared with uncovered waste.
Values of rainfall erosivity factor for the Czech Republic
Authors: Janeček Miloslav , Květoň Vít , Kubátová Eliška , Kobzová Dominika , Vošmerová Michaela , Chlupsová Jana
Published: June 2013

The processing of ombrographic data from 29 meteorological stations of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), according to the terms of the Universal Soil Loss Equation for calculating long term loss of soil through water erosion, erosion hazard rains and their occurrence have been selected, with their relative amount and erosiveness - R-Factors determined for each month and years. By comparing the value of the time division of the R-Factor in the area of the Czech Republic and in selected areas of the USA it has been demonstrated that this division may be applied in the conditions of the Czech Republic. For the Czech Republic it is recommended to use the average value R = 40 based on the original evaluation.
A numerical investigation of a buoyancy driven flow in a semi-porous cavity: comparative effects of ramped and isothermal wall conditions
Authors: Chandran Pallath , Sacheti Nirmal C. , Singh Ashok K.
Published: June 2013

Steady two-dimensional natural convection taking place in a rectangular cavity, partially filled with an isotropic porous material, has been investigated numerically using an ADI method. It is assumed that one of the vertical walls of the cavity has a ramped temperature distribution. The vorticity-stream function formulation has been used to solve the set of nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flows in the clear region and the adjoining porous region. The effects of Darcy number and Rayleigh number have been discussed in detail.
Validation of transport and friction formulae for upper plane bed by experiments in rectangular pipe
Authors: Matoušek Václav , Krupička Jan , Picek Tomáš
Published: June 2013

The paper describes results of validation of authors' recently proposed formulae for sediment transport and bed friction in the upper plane bed regime using laboratory experiments in a pressurized pipe. Flows of mixture of water and fine to medium ballotini (d50 = 0.18 mm) were observed in a rectangular pipe (51 x 51 mm) with a deposit at the bottom of the pipe. A comparison of test results with transport-formula predictions shows a satisfactory match confirming a good prediction ability of the proposed transport formula at high bed shear. A prediction ability of the friction formulae appears to be less convincing but still reasonable. A joint use of the formulae for transport and friction predicts the delivered concentration of transported sediment within the accuracy range of ± 40 per cent for flows in which transported sediments strongly affect the bed friction, i.e. for flows with delivered concentration of sediment higher than say 3 per cent.
Numerical investigation of solid-liquid slurry flow through an upward-facing step
Authors: Messa Gianandrea Vittorio , Malavasi Stefano
Published: June 2013

The flow of a solid-water mixture through an upward-facing step in a channel is numerically investigated. The effect of expansion ratio, mean solids volume fraction and particle diameter on the velocity field, pressure distribution and solid volume fraction field is studied. Expansion ratios of 0.50 and 0.67, particle diameter of 125 μm and 440 μm and mean solid volume fraction between 0.05 and 0.20 are considered. Particle density is 2465 kg m-3. An Eulerian twofluid model is used to simulate the flow. Due to the lack of experimental data, the model was validated by comparison to other numerical investigations and to experimental data about the horizontal pipe case. Afterwards, it is studied the effect of the above mentioned parameters upon the degree of coupling between the phases and the extension of the disturbance region in the pressure and solid volume fraction fields downstream the step. Parameters of engineering interest, such as the reattachment length and the pressure recovery downstream the enlargement, are investigated.
Heavy-mineral analysis in Polish investigations of Quaternary deposits: a review
Authors: Marcinkowski Bogusław , Mycielska-Dowgiałło Elżbieta
Published: June 2013

The composition of heavy-mineral assemblages is one of the main textural features of sediments because they can have significant value for the interpretation of, among others, their depositional environment, their depositional processes, and their stratigraphic position. Distinctive features of heavy minerals include their resistance to chemical weathering and mechanical abrasion, their habit, and their density. These parameters are the most widely used in the heavy-mineral research of Quaternary deposits in Poland, as well as in such research in other countries conducted by Polish scientists. Several other heavy-mineral parameters can also be used in various types of interpretation. It is discussed whether heavy-mineral analysis is decisive in the evaluation of deposits or whether it plays mainly a role that may support evidence obtained by other types of analysis. The attention is mainly devoted to transparent heavy minerals; the significance of opaque heavy minerals for interpretational purposes is only mentioned.
Heavy-mineral analysis as a tool in tephrochronology, with an example from the La Sal Mountains, Utah, U.S.A.
Authors: Kleber Arno
Published: June 2013

An essentially pure tephra layer on a steep slope in the La Sal Mountains, Utah, U.S.A., is correlated with the 1.65 Ma old Guaje Tephra derived from the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, U.S.A. The heavy-mineral contents and glass shards in sediments beneath the La Sal tephra layer indicate that tephra constituents are contained in deposits considerably older than the pure layer. This suggests that tephra material may become reworked while retaining its pure character, possibly due to laminar transport or to dislocation in a frozen condition. This raises the need to handle tephrochronological findings with great care.
Heavy–mineral assemblages from fluvial Pleniglacial deposits of the Piotrków Plateau and the Holy Cross Mountains – a comparative study
Authors: Wachecka-Kotkowska Lucyna , Ludwikowska-Kędzia Małgorzata
Published: June 2013

The heavy-mineral assemblages of Pleniglacial fluvial sediments were analysed for two river valleys, viz. the Luciąża River (at Kłudzice Nowe) and the Belnianka River (at Słopiec). These sites, on the Piotrków Plateau and in the Holy Cross Mountains respectively, are located in different morphogenetic zones of Poland that were affected to different degrees by the Middle Polish ice sheets. The study was aimed at determining the kind of processes that modified the heavy-mineral assemblages in the two fluvial sediments, at reconstructing the conditions under which these processes took place, and in how far these processes caused changes in the assemblages. The heavy-mineral associations of the parent material was taken as a starting point; this parent material were the sediments left by the Odranian glaciation (Warta stadial = Late Saalian). It was found that heavy-mineral assemblages in the Luciąża valley deposits are varied, particularly if compared with other fluvioglacial Quaternary deposits from the Polish lowlands, with a dominance of garnet. In the fluvial deposits of the Belnianka valley, zircon, staurolite and tourmaline dominate, with minor amounts of amphibole, pyroxene, biotite and garnet. This suggests that the deposits were subject to intensive and/or persistent chemical weathering and underwent several sedimentation/erosion cycles under periglacial conditions. In both valleys chemical weathering and aeolian processes were the main factors that modified the assemblages of the transparent heavy minerals; these processes were largely controlled by the climatic changes during the Pleistocene.
Relation between Knowledge Management and Turnover in Slovenian Micro and Small Start-Up Organisations
Authors: Novak Riko , Roblek Vasja , Devetak Gabrijel
Published: June 2013

This article discusses the importance of knowledge management and employee turnover, using the example of selected Slovenian organisations, in particular, technology parks. The purpose of this article is to point out statistical characteristics between employee turnover and certain selected independent variables. The empirical research was conducted on a population of 667 Slovenian organisations gathered from the subjects of an innovative environment database, and a further sample of 51 chosen technology parks from the A group. By implementing multivariate regression analysis, we sought to examine whether knowledge requirements and knowledge transfer paths in these organisations have a statistically significant influence on employee turnover. The aim of this article is to present the results of empirical research that defines the development of a conceptual framework for understanding the influence of knowledge management on employee turnover. The results have shown that the importance of intellectual and social capital, intangible capital assets and their continuous measurement must be acknowledged within an organisation.
Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity: A Study of Iranian Listed Companies
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Mohammadi Ali , Taherzadeh Esfahani Parisa
Published: June 2013

The main objective of the current study is to examine the effect of audit report on cash-flow investment sensitivity of 123 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 2006-2010. Regression analysis and synthetic data were used for data analysis. The results showed that receiving modified report has a significant negative effect on cash flow-investment sensitivity. The findings also suggest the significant effect of receiving qualified report and unqualified report with explanatory paragraphs on cash flow-investment sensitivity.
Clustering and Switching Strategies During the Semantic Fluency Task in Men with Frontal Lobe Lesions and in Men with Schizophrenia
Authors: Okruszek Łukasz , Rutkowska Aleksandra , Wilińska Joanna
Published: June 2013

Differences in semantic clustering and switching were examined in men with frontal lobe lesions, men with schizophrenia and healthy men. Men with frontal lobe lesions and men with schizophrenia generated fewer words than healthy men and presented intact clustering, but decreased switching during the semantic fluency task. However, after controlling for the number of words produced, between-group differences in switching disappeared. These findings suggest that all three groups used similar strategies of clustering and switching during the semantic fluency task, although men with frontal lobe lesions and men with schizophrenia did it less efficiently than healthy men.
Climatic change on King George Island in the years 1948–2011
Authors: Kejna Marek , Araźny Andrzej , Sobota Ireneusz
Published: June 2013

The climatic change on King George Island (KGI) in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, in the years of 1948-2011 are presented. In the reference period, a statistically significant increase in the air temperature (0.19ºC/10 years, 1.2ºC in the analysed period) occurred along with a decrease in atmospheric pressure (−0.36 hPa/10 years, 2.3 hPa). In winter time, the warming up is more than twice as large as in summer. This leads to decrease in the amplitude of the annual cycle of air temperature. On KGI, there is also a warming trend of daily maximum and daily minimum air temperature. The evidently faster increase in daily minimum results in a decrease of the diurnal temperature range. The largest changes of air pressure took place in the summertime (−0.58 hPa/10 years) and winter (−0.34 hPa/10 years). The Semiannual Oscillation pattern of air pressure was disturbed. Climate changes on KGI are correlated with changing surface temperatures of the ocean and the concentra− tion of sea ice. The precipitation on KGI is characterised by substantial variability year to year. In the analysed period, no statistically significant trend in atmospheric precipitation can be observed. The climate change on KGI results in substantial and rapid changes in the environment, which poses a great threat to the local ecosystem.
Leptolyngbya sieminskae sp. n. (Cyanobacteria) from Svalbard
Authors: Richter Dorota , Matuła Jan
Published: June 2013

This paper describes in detail the phenotypic traits of the newly discovered Leptolyngbya sieminskae sp. n. (Cyanobacteria). The species was found at two islands of the Svalbard archipelago (Spitsbergen and Nordaustlandet) in habitats which differed in humidity, water sources and altitude. The research was conducted at two fjords: on the southern side of Spitsbergen - Hornsund (77ºN, 015ºE) and the north−west side of Nord− austlandet - Murchisonfjord (80ºN, 018ºE). Although Leptolyngbya sieminskae was found in different latitudes no significant morphological differences were found between the specimens from both sites. The only visible difference is in the thickness of filaments and sheaths.