bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning and Principles of Operational Tactics for Major Medical Incidents
Authors: Puchner Maximilian
Published: May 2019

Major disasters require extensive activity by the fire-fighting, technical and emergency services. Simultaneously, victims have to be rescued, fires have to be fought and other technical aspects of assistance have to be employed. Ill and injured patients have to be removed from danger, prepared for transport, and taken by ambulance, under the care of skilled personnel, to hospitals. The responsibility for these actions lies in West Germany in the hands of the Fire Brigades.

The Alert. Emergency calls arriving at Fire Brigade communication centers or emergency service control centers are often inaccurate. It is necessary for professional emergency personnel to give detailed information from the incident site. This should include the nature and gravity of the damage, the number of injured and their severity, and the best possible access.

Exploration of the Site. In major medical incidents it is highly important to gain a full overview of the scale of the danger and damage. Often incident sites with a great number of injured are difficult to reach and to survey.

Searching for the Injured. It is a matter of high priority to search all over the site for injured persons and those suffering from shock. In large areas, which are difficult to survey, this must still remain a priority. Additional personnel may have to be called in.
Airports in Europe
Authors: Dürner P. , Domres B. , Heinrich R.
Published: May 2019

Up to 1980, the important European airports and European airlines increased the number of their flights and passengers. As a result, it has been necessary to develop and launch airplanes with a high passenger capacity (e.g., Boeing 747, Jumbo, with 270 seats; Douglas DC 10 with 265 seats; and the Airbus A 300 with 249 seats). Simultaneously, the airports had to be enlarged or even rebuilt. After this substantial investment, the number of passengers began to decrease. In 1981, the French airline “Air France” expected a deficit of about 65 million DM (29.5 million US dollars), excluding the deficit by Concord. For the first time in 18 years, the Scandinavian airline “SAS” in 1980 had a deficit. The German airline “Lufthansa” expects no profits in 1981. This situation has been caused by rising oil prices, decreasing numbers of passengers, and a general recession. Many airlines have been reducing prices to attract more passengers. In spite of the high investments in new airplanes and modernizing airports, there has been little improvement in the necessary air- and ground-control-systems.

In April 1981, the International Associates of Pilots (IFALPA) graded the security of air- and ground-control-systems of German airports as follows: deficient — Frankfurt and Bremen; seriously deficient — Hamburg, Stuttgart and Saarbrücken. According to the security scale of the IFALPA, the most important airports in the Mediterranean area were surveyed and estimated in 1977/78 as follows: deficient — Los Rodeos (Canary Islands), Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Lisbon, Faro, Malaga, Alicante, Madrid, Gerona, Ibiza, Palma de Mallorca, Venice and Roma; and critically deficient — Alghero, Rimini, Naples.
Medical Services during Disasters at Frankfurt Airport
Authors: Fremder Wolfgang
Published: May 2019

The airport clinic at Flughafen Frankfurt Main AG (FAG) is a 24 hour manned casualty ward. It employs three surgeons and approximately 40 paramedics. This clinic is supported by external physicians during the night and weekends that guarantees, on a 24 hour basis, a minimum of one physician and four paramedics available for immediate response.

In addition, the airport operator provides an industrial medical service which employs (during normal working hours) six physicians and approximately 10 paramedics.

Finally, there is support from the clinic of the US Rhein Main Air Base, at the military part of the airport, which employs approximately 12 physicians and flight surgeons, 10 dentists and another 100 paramedics. The emergency staff of the clinic of the US Rhein Main Air Base is also manned on a 24 hour basis. The airport clinic and the clinic of the US Forces and their respective fire departments collaborate together in cases of emergency or disaster.

For immediate medical care the airport clinic has available an emergency surgery unit, one emergency surgery ambulance vehicle, and three ambulances with first-aid equipment. In addition, the airport clinic provides two trucks with medical equipment for 100 severely injured persons and two inflatable air-conditioned emergency tents.

Comparable medical equipment is also available at the clinic of the US Rhein Main Air Base, according to US military standards. The US Rhein Main Air Base also operates three DC-9 Nightingale medical aircraft which are responsible for all types of emergencies in the area of the US Forces in Europe.
Pre-Hospital Intensive Therapy in Severe Trauma
Authors: Damir Elena
Published: May 2019

The organization of medical facilities in the USSR is able to provide adequate and rapid care, including intensive therapy in prehospital conditions for the whole population of a very big country. The principles of organization are very simple: the country is divided into regions and these into districts. Each district has to have a fixed number of hospital beds, stations for first aid and urgent care, and a determined number of physicians, and medical assistants (feldshers, nurses and others). The only difference between the emergency care in Moscow and Northern Siberia or Pamir is the distance to be travelled and the means of transport, i.e., modern first-aid cars, helicopters, planes or boats; or reindeer or dog teams when the weather makes aviation impossible. As a rule, all medical teams working in emergency medicine include physicians and medical assistants. Only in places where the population is very sparse are some emergencies still managed by only medical assistants at the pre-hospital stage.

In cases of severe trauma we prefer, when possible, to have teams especially trained in shock treatment. These are already available in the emergency ambulance systems of the bigger towns. These so-called “shock-teams” are experienced and well equipped for intensive therapy at the accident site and with problems occurring during transport. When necessary, we are now able to transport critically ill or traumatized patients not only inside the hospital, but also from one hospital to another, when better intensive therapy can be obtained.
Immediate Pain Relief in Disaster Conditions
Authors: Dick Wolfgang , Frey Rudolf , Madjidi A.
Published: May 2019

Disaster conditions can be characterized as rare, extraordinary and unpredictable events which threaten, injure or kill many people at the same time. The prime examples are earthquakes, floods, traffic or train accidents with hundreds of victims.

While emergency pain relief measures in a few injured victims can be managed individually and really effectively, the requirement for effective pain relief under disaster conditions is still a problem which is largely unsolved. The primary goal of immediate pain relief is the elimination of pain and anxiety which, in themselves, additionally threaten the elementary body functions.

The ideal analgesic drug for adequate pain relief under disaster conditions: 1) should provide the patient with effective analgesia under severe or moderate pain conditions; 2) should ideally sedate the emergency patient to a certain extent; 3) must be effective within a few minutes after intra-muscular, subcutaneous or intravenous administration; 4) should be sufficiently long-acting to avoid the necessity for re-administration several times; 5) should be applicable by paramedical as well as medical personnel; 6) should not have any depressant side effects on respiration and circulation, particularly under conditions of shock and trauma; and 7) should not require intensive monitoring of the patient. This drug has still to be discovered.

The intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of most drugs cannot be considered as methods of immediate effectiveness because most drugs are slowly absorbed, particularly under conditions of shock and trauma. Although the opiate drugs such as morphine, pethidine, and so forth, are obviously effective analgesics, particularly under conditions of severe pain, they cause respiratory and circulation depression, especially if the patient is suffering from hemorrhagic shock, dyspnea and hypoventilation due to thoracic trauma, and so forth.
Methods of Anesthesia under Shock Conditions
Authors: Madjidi A. , Frey Rudolf
Published: May 2019

The use of anesthesia in patients in shock is associated with many problems and considerable risk. This is particularly true when only little time is available for adequate pretreatment because surgical intervention is urgent. In choosing a method of anesthesia for patients in shock, knowledge of the pathophysiology and treatment is of utmost importance.

Le Dran first introduced the term “Shock” (French translation: “commotion”) to the medical nomenclature. The term has undergone alteration in later usage. In 1795, Latta defined shock as the condition arising from serious war injuries resulting from bullet wounds. He was the first to describe shock as “a short sojourn along the way to death.” During the First World War and the postwar period, the role of intra vascular volume deficiency in shock was clarified. Experience gained during the 1939-45 World War and the Korean War, together with the increased civilian accident rate, and research in the field of anesthesiology have led in recent years to considerble clarification of both pathogenetic and the therapeutic aspects. Today, shock can be defined as an acute reduction in tissue perfusion with consequent tissue hypoxia and metabolic acidosis, regardless of the causative factor.

The organs are first functionally and then morphologically damaged. Four mechanisms can be involved in shock; 1) reduction of the volume of blood in circulation (hypovolemic shock); 2) disturbances of the vascular system (vascular shock, anaphylactic and toxic shock); 3) reduction in the functional capacity of the heart (cardiogenic shock); and 4) intrathoracic circulation impediment (shock emboli).
Emergency Treatment in Head Injuries
Authors: Sefrin P.
Published: May 2019

Although decisive changes have been made in the past ten years by re-organizing and improving pre-hospital care, emergency measures at the scene of the accident still require special emphasis in accident victims with head injuries concerning the recognition and treatment of vital complications. The success of these measures depends on the time interval for their initiation, on the practical skill and expertise of the person administering life support, and the availability of equipment.

An emergency examination at the scene of the accident is absolutely essential for correct assessment and should reveal imminent failure of arrest of vital functions. This can be achieved by using the rescuer's five senses and does not require special diagnostic equipment. An initial sign that cerebral trauma has occurred can often be recognized by a superficial injury to the skull during an initial orientation examination, although some of the most severe closed craniocerebral injuries can occur without the slightest superficial sign of trauma.
The New “Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine” (J. Waedm)
Authors: Safar Peter
Published: May 2019

This new Journal, starting with volume 1, number 1, Spring 1985, is an official publication of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine (WAEDM), formerly called the Club of Mainz. The Journal is cosponsored by the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LRCS). The Journal is owned and published by the WAEDM. There will be 4 Journal numbers per year, plus an occasional supplement.

We initiated this Journal and its predecessor (see below) because existing journals on disasters focus on sociologic and epidemiologic topics, and more on aid to uninjured survivors and rehabilitation of disaster-stricken regions, than on the resuscitation and life support of severely injured victims. Disaster medicine is not yet a science, and thus based primarily on anecdotal reports. It is in need of international communication and the acquisition of quantifiable facts. The Journal will help meet these needs by examining the potentials of resuscitation, emergency medical care and critical care (intensive care) medicine for everyday Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and for disaster medicine. The disasters to consider range from multi-casualty incidents to mass disasters and endemic disasters. Other organizations emphasize response to mass disasters after days or weeks; the WAEDM emphasizes response within minutes to hours. This Journal will benefit medical and nonmedical members of the WAEDM and the LRCS, as well as non-member specialists in anesthesiology, critical care medicine, cardiology, emergency medicine, epidemiology, forensic medicine, government medicine, infectious diseases, military medicine, nuclear medicine, nutrition, pathology, public health, resuscitology, surgery, toxicology, and traumatology.
The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LRCS)
Authors: Kisselev Andrei K.
Published: May 2019

The “International Red Cross” is composed of: (1) The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) which focuses on war victims; (2) the LRCS; and (3) the 130 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies worldwide which are federated by the LRCS. The LRCS was founded to facilitate, encourage and promote the humanitarian activities of its member societies and thus contribute to the promotion of peace in the world. The LRCS considers health as one of the keys to a better world for everyone. Red Cross programs include the training of nursing personnel, the provision of health care in rural areas, the organization of assistance to the sick, aged, and handicapped, and teaching first aid skills to lay people.

The Red Cross bases its actions on seven principles: (1) Humanity; (2) Impartiality; (3) Neutrality; (4) Independence; (5) Voluntary Service; (6) Unity; and (7) Universality.

The LRCS assists national societies in improving their disaster relief preparedness through the following functions: (1) to encourage, facilitate and assist in the establishment of a national disaster relief plan; (2) to give technical assistance to national Red Cross societies by sending delegates and equipment and/or by giving cash grants; (3) to convene seminars and conferences to help exchange opinions and share experiences; (4) to train qualified personnel; and (5) to maintain contact with other international governmental and non-governmental organizations. These include the United Nations Disaster Relief Organization (UNDRO); the World Health Organization (WHO); the International Children's Fund (UNICEF); the World Meteorological Organization (WMO); the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Food Program (FAO/WFP); the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHR); and the United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
New Versus Old External Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Bircher N. , Safar P.
Published: May 2019

Since standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SCPR) cannot reliably preserve the brain during resuscitation, a “New” CPR has been proposed, which seeks to augment blood flow by increasing peak intrathoracic pressure (ITP) during chest compression. This “New” CPR (NCPR) consists of a) high pressure ventilation (70-110 cmH2O) simultaneous with chest compression, b) compression rate of 40/min, c) compression duration of 60% of the compression relaxation cycle, and d) abdominal binding. Although laboratory evidence suggests that NCPR may be capable of augmenting cerebral blood flow (1), the effect on cerebral outcome remains to be demonstrated.

Although the hemodynamic superiority of open-chest CPR has long been recognized, its advantages with respect to the brain have only recently been recognized. It can reliably sustain EEC activity and pupillary light reflexes during CPR (2) as well as providing better cerebral blood flow (3,4). The objective of this two phase study was to establish the relative efficacy of standard, “new,” and open-chest CPR with respect to preserving the brain during CPR.

The objective of phase I of this study was to compare standard and “New” CPR with respect to maintenance of hemodynamic, respiratory, and cerebral variables during prolonged resuscitation. Methods: Ten 10-15 kg dogs were anesthetized with halothane and 50% N2O/O2. Catheters were placed in the carotid artery, aortic arch, right atrium, external jugular vein and the sagittal sinus. An electromagnetic flowprobe was placed on the common carotid artery. Intracranial pressure was monitored with a subdural catheter. EEG electrodes were secured to the skull.
The Helicopter Ambulance Study in Sweden 1980–1981
Authors: Hallén Börje
Published: May 2019

In Sweden as in most countries there has been an increasing use of airborne transports for medical purposes during the last decade (Fig. 1). The majority of these transports have been made by helicopters. The climate and the geographical position of Sweden in the far north of Europe presents problems to a helicopter rescue organization. The area of Sweden is approximately 400,000 square kilometers, which is a little more than that of Italy and less than that of France. There are about 8.5 mill, inhabitants which means an average of 20 per square kilometer. The population is unevenly distributed. There are only three densely populated areas: around Stockholm, around Gothenburgh and in the southern most part of Sweden with 250 respectively 150 inhabitants per square kilometer. In the middle and in the north of Sweden there are less than 5 persons per square kilometer. In the mountain regions there are even less. Temperatures ranging from about +25°C in summertime to below - 20°C in the winter are not uncommon.

There is a nationwide alarm system with a common telephone number for all emergency situations and alarm centers, which direct a call for assistance to the proper rescue organization. Almost all medical services in Sweden are provided by regional governments. Adequately equipped and staffed hospitals exist all over the country. The roads are generally of good quality, but outside the urban areas the distance from the place of an accident or a medical emergency to a hospital is usually great.
Service Organizations in Disasters
Authors: Handal K.A.
Published: May 2019

Our belief that there is a superagency that goes to work when a disaster occurs is unfounded. What does exist is a network of integrating expertise and resources that are escalated from different routine activities to cooperatively respond to one event. This paper concerns the governmental approach in one area, New York City.

In the United States, federal and state laws exist to minimize the effects of disasters, by identifying measures to prevent or mitigate them, developing mechanisms to coordinate the use of resource and manpower during disasters, and by providing recovery and redevelopment following a disaster. These functions and services are coordinated to the maximum extent with comparable activities of local state and federal governments, and many voluntary private agencies. Organizational responsibility follows a bi-directional flow from federal to state to county-, city-, town- and village level, and in the reverse (Fig. 1). The roles and responsibilities depend on the type of disaster (Fig. 2) and hence the response and activity needed. Response activities include need for clothing, crisis counseling, debris removal and disposal, disease and pest control, equipment and supplies, evacuation, food provisions, fuel provisions, housing and shelter, identification and disposition of the dead, labor pools, law and order, medical care and treatment, power provision, protective measures, search and rescue, sewage control, transportation, the need to waiver codes, water provisions, and weather forecasting.
Tactical Thought and Decision Making. The Conic System Model
Authors: Thrasher Craig L.
Published: May 2019

The overall goal of the emergency medical services (EMS) system is to reduce overall mortality and morbidity at nominal or reduced costs. To accomplish this goal an EMS system uses many subcomponents, each with specialized skills, integrated so as to insure a competent continuum of care. Questions inevitably arise about the ability of EMS systems to deliver the intended results. While discussions of mortality and morbidity tendencies are meaningful measures of outcomes and, perhaps, the “bottom line,” these two criteria are a total system measurement. They are not subsystem measures, and, therefore, offer little insight into the reasons for success or failure of the EMS system.

As a field commander attacks an emergency medical incident, his thought processes depend upon information gathered during the incident and information about the effect of resources and competencies upon past incidents. The decisions which determine treatment and patient survival, as well as rescuer safety, are a direct function of this tactical thought process. This paper examines how this thought process is formed and how it may be improved through the use of a mechanistic system evaluation model.

In 1966, the first major step toward a systematic delivery system for EMS was taken when a U.S. government report recommended that a nationwide program be established that would form non-traditional “EMS regions.” These regions would be the foundation for a comprehensive systematic approach to the problem of unnecessary death and disability in the prehospital setting (1).
Organization of Hospital for Extrahospital Emergencies
Authors: Tresalti E. , Rossi G. , Contegiacomo P.
Published: May 2019

In the last few years various departments of the University Hospital “A. Gemelli” have been engaged in dealing with disasters of different kinds: the earthquakes of Belice, Friuli and Irpinia, the fire of the Todi antique exhibition, and various terrorist attacks. In these events the organization of the care of the survivors took the following four aspects into account: 1) Type and kind of lesions related to the nature of the event. 2) Criteria and collection areas of the injured, casualty clearing and treatments. 3) Distance of the disaster from the treatment center. 4) New structures to be set up for improving efficiency in the future.

1) The most frequent clinical problems encountered burns and crushing injuries, and those affecting the musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory and neuro-muscular systems. In a second phase, together with the possible lack of water, food, clothing, shelter and toilet facilities, infectious diseases of the respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract appear, particularly in old people and children. The treatment of the injured in the emergency phase requires a series of interventions at a very high technological level. In the subsequent phase, which may last for months, the treatment needed comes under normal preventive and clinical care.

2) In the emergency period, which in our experience does not generally last longer than ten days, the medical and surgical departments of our hospital mostly concerned were the intensive care units (18 beds), the orthopedics and traumatology sections (122 beds), the surgical wards (309 beds), the transfusion center and the hemodialysis service.
A selected bibliography of the whitebacked planthopperSogatella furcifera(Horváth) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Khan Z. R. , Saxena R. C.
Published: May 2019

This selected bibliography on the whitebacked planthopper,Sogatella furcifera(Horváth), contains 506 published and unpublished references for the period 1899 to February 1984. References are arranged alphabetically by the name of the author and also classified by subjects. A distribution map, two tables of the varietal resistance to the pest and its natural enemies, and a brief description of the current status of the pest are also provided.
Biological effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens
Authors: Salama H. S. , Zaki F. N.
Published: May 2019

Feeding of the adult parasite of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood on a honey solution containing 500 μg of Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae HD-129 for 4–5 days had no effect on their longevity, productivity or their capability to parasitize the host eggs of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisdüvalle) or Anagasta kuehniella Zeller. After spraying the freshly laid host eggs with B. thuringiensis at the same concentration, a significant decrease was observed in the percentage of parasitism. No deleterious effects were observed in the development of the immature stages of the parasite and the percentage of its emergence, as affected by B. thuringiensis, when applied to the host eggs before or after parasitism.
Life history of Amblyseius fustis (Pritchard and Baker), an indigenous predator of the cassava red mite, Oligonychus gossypii (zacher) in south western Nigeria
Authors: Ezulike T. O. , Odebiyi J. A.
Published: May 2019

The life history of Amblyseius fustis (Pritchard and Baker) was studied in the laboratory at a fluctuating temperature and relative humidity ranging from 24.4 to 28.0°C and 55.5 to 75.6%, respectively. The developmental stages consist of egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph and adult. The life cycle, from egg to adult of both male and female was about 8 days, while longevity was about 19.2 days. Mated female laid an average of 18.8 eggs. There was no significant difference in the longevity and fecundity of predators fed on different life stages of the host. The proportion of male to female in the progeny of mated females was 1:4.

A. fustis has a shorter developmental period and lives longer than its prey, but the latter is more fecund (26.9 eggs/♀) and has a higher proportion of females in its progeny (1:4.8). The shorter developmental period and the longer life span of the predator are likely to offset the higher fecundity of the prey.
Use-Based Welfare: Property Experiments in Chicago, 1895–1935
Authors: Ela Nate
Published: May 2019

Use-based welfare achieves redistribution by reallocating rights to use and benefit from idle resources, rather than through tax and transfer. How and why has this form of welfare provision emerged as an urban institution, and what affects whether it endures? This article compares projects to grant poor and unemployed Chicagoans access to land for gardens and small farms between 1895 and 1935, explaining how this form of social support came about through experiments with rules, norms, and forms of property. While social policy is typically understood as emerging through the realization of rights to public support, use-based welfare turns instead on efforts to create a legal privilege for the needy to use idle resources. During the Progressive Era and the Great Depression, this form of relief was pitched as both an alternative and a complement to welfare based on tax and transfer. Yet efforts to establish it as a permanent institution repeatedly failed, due to implementation challenges, opposition from people committed to treating land and food as commodities, and the nonemergence of a social movement to defend land access. Recognizing the historical dynamics of use-based welfare offers a new perspective on the contemporary resurgence of urban farming as a strategy for addressing unemployment and poverty.
Negotiating the Politics of Diversity: A Symposium on Rogers Brubaker’s Grounds for Difference
Authors: Mayrl Damon
Published: May 2019

Rogers Brubaker’s work has been a touchstone for the study of ethnicity, nationalism, and politics for more than a quarter-century. His recent book, Grounds for Difference,offers an important new theoretical statement on the politics and organization of cultural diversity. In this symposium, four prominent historical sociologists provide commentary on the possibilities and complexities of the book, with particular attention to their normative, political, and methodological implications.
Akute und rezidivierende Harnwegsinfekte der Frau in der allgemeinmedizinischen Praxis
Authors: Münst Julia , von Siebenthal Marlies , Walser Claudia , Gamper Marianne , Viereck Volker
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung. Akute und rezidivierende Harnwegsinfekte bei Frauen aller Altersgruppen werden in der hausärztlichen und internistischen Praxis zu einem immer grösseren Problem. Eine leitliniengerechte Akuttherapie sowie eine multimodale Infektprophylaxe können Abhilfe schaffen. Entscheidend ist die Wiederherstellung der natürlichen Abwehrmechanismen des Körpers. Dieser Artikel möchte über die Ursachen, die erforderliche Abklärung und den praktischen Einsatz der Therapie- und Prophylaxemassnahmen informieren.
A database of geopositioned onchocerciasis prevalence data
Authors: Hill Elex , Hall Jason , Letourneau Ian D. , Donkers Katie , Shirude Shreya , Pigott David M. , Hay Simon I. , Cromwell Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2019

Onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease with numerous symptoms and side effects, and when left untreated can lead to permanent blindness or skin disease. This database is an attempt to combine onchocerciasis prevalence data from peer-reviewed publications into a single open-source dataset. The process followed to extract and format the information has been detailed in this paper. A total of 14,043 unique location, diagnostic, age and sex-specific records from 1975–2017 have been collected, organized and marked for collapse where a single geo-position is shared between multiple records. The locations vary from single villages up to smaller administrative units and onchocerciasis control program-defined foci. This resulting database can be used to by the global health community to advance understanding of the distribution of onchocerciasis infection and disease.
Metabolic profiling of natural and cultured Cordyceps by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Yi , Zhi Yuee , Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru
Published: May 2019

Cordyceps, a type of Chinese herbal medicine that exhibits anti-angiogenesis and tumor growth suppression effects, has recently gained increasing popularity. However, high-quality, naturalCordyceps, such asOphiocordyceps sinensis, is very rare and difficult to obtain in large amounts.Cordycepsis cultured instead of harvested from natural sources, but the quality with respect to the ingredients has not been fully studied. In this study, we performed an NMR metabolic profiling of aqueous extracts ofCordycepswithout any sample treatment to evaluate the proper species and medium and influence of two different disinfection methods. It was discovered thatCordyceps militarisfungus and silkworm chrysalis medium were suitable for cultivation ofCordyceps. Furthermore, cordycepin, aCordyceps-specific functional compound, was produced at different growth stages during different cultivation processes, even at the mycelial stage, and was found at three times higher concentrations in culturedC. militariscompared to that in naturally occurringC. militaris.
Nanostructured bismuth vanadate/tungsten oxide photoanode for chlorine production with hydrogen generation at the dark cathode
Authors: Rassoolkhani Alan M. , Cheng Wei , Lee Joun , McKee Austin , Koonce Jonathan , Coffel Joel , Ghanim Abdulsattar H. , Aurand Gary A. , Soo Kim Chung , Ik Park Woon , Jung Hyunsung , Mubeen Syed
Published: May 2019

Photoelectrooxidation of chloride ions to chlorine with co-production of hydrogen by water reduction has been proposed as a means of decreasing the net solar hydrogen production cost. So far, however, most such solar-to-chlorine production systems use cost-prohibitive materials and/or show rather small faradaic yield or stability. Here we report the development of earth-abundant, nanostructured bismuth vanadate/tungsten oxide (BiVO4/WO3) photoanode assemblies that operate in acidic sodium chloride solution (pH 1; 4 M) to produce chlorine while generating hydrogen at the dark cathode. We show that electrodeposition of 20 nm WO3 coating protects BiVO4 from harsh pH and oxidative environments while being catalytically active for chlorine evolution. The heterostructured BiVO4/WO3 photoanodes yield average photocurrent densities of 2.5 ± 0.3 mA cm−2 at 1.42 VRHE (Reversible Hydrogen Electrode) under 1 sun illumination. After two hours of continuous illumination, the best performing devices demonstrate faradaic efficiencies of 85% for chlorine production and ~100% for hydrogen production.
Osmosis, from molecular insights to large-scale applications
Authors: Marbach Sophie , Bocquet Lydéric
Published: May 2019

Osmosis is a universal phenomenon occurring in a broad variety of processes. It is both trivial in its fundamental expression, yet highly subtle in its physical roots. Here we give a global and unifying view of osmosis and its consequences with a multi-disciplinary perspective. Pushing the fundamental understanding of osmosis, we explore new perspectives in a variety fields and highlight a number of examples where osmotic processes show great promises in terms of applications.
Pd-catalysed selective C(sp3)–H arylation and acetoxylation of alcohols
Authors: Wang Bing-Xin , Mao Yang-Jie , Hao Hong-Yan , Wu Qiu-Zi , Zhou Kun , Lou Shao-Jie , Xu Dan-Qian
Published: May 2019

A palladium catalyzed selective C(sp3)–H arylation and acetoxylation of alcohols using a practical bidentate auxiliary were developed.
Spiro[pyrrol-benzopyran]-based probe with high asymmetry for chiroptical sensing via circular dichroism
Authors: Tan Jingyun , Wang Chunfei , Lao Hio Kuan , Wang Wenjing , Feng Gang , Yuan Daqiang , Wu Changfeng , Zhang Xuanjun
Published: May 2019

We proposed an efficient approach to construct a novel spiro[pyrrol-benzopyran] scaffold with high asymmetry for reaction-based chiroptical sensing via circular dichroism.
Cell adhesion and proliferation in chiral pores triggered by polyoxometalates
Authors: Ma Yingyi , Shi Lei , Zhou Mengcheng , Li Bao , Chen Zhijun , Wu Lixin
Published: May 2019

The chirality of polyoxometalate anchoring in the cavity of pitted films was demonstrated to strongly influence the adhesion and proliferation of E. coli cells.
Multifunctional coordination compounds based on lanthanide ions and 5-bromonicotinic acid: magnetic, luminescence and anti-cancer properties
Authors: Ruiz Cristina , García-Valdivia Antonio A. , Fernández Belén , Cepeda Javier , Oyarzabal Itziar , Abas Elisa , Laguna Mariano , García Jose Angel , Fernández Ignacio , San Sebastian Eider , Rodríguez-Diéguez Antonio
Published: May 2019

Four novel coordination compounds based on 5-bromonicotinic acid and lanthanide(iii) ions with interesting magnetic and luminescence properties, and a complete absence of cytotoxicity.
Fe/hollow nano-MgF2: a green and highly-efficient alternative to classical Cr-based catalysts for the gas-phase fluorination reaction
Authors: Mao Wei , Jia Zhaohua , Bai Yanbo , Qin Yue , Wang Bo , Han Sheng , Zhang Wei , Kou Liangang , Lu Jian , Kemnitz Erhard
Published: May 2019

A green Cr-free catalyst, Fe/hollow nano-MgF2, was developed for the formation of HFOs via gas-phase fluorination with HF.
Decontamination of very dilute Cs in seawater by a coagulation–precipitation method using a nanoparticle slurry of copper hexacyanoferrate
Authors: Torad Nagy L. , Takahashi Akira , Kawakami Masami , Kawamoto Tohru , Tanaka Hisashi
Published: May 2019

We examined the highly selective Cs adsorption ability of a potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (KCuHCF) nanoparticle slurry ink in seawater, i.e. very low Cs concentration in the presence of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− ions at high concentrations.
Fructus mori L. polysaccharide-iron chelates formed by self-embedding with iron(iii) as the core exhibit good antioxidant activity
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Chen Chun , Fu Xiong
Published: May 2019

Mulberry fruit polysaccharide (MFP) was obtained from Morus alba L. by a hot water extraction method, and mulberry polysaccharide fractions named MFP1, MFP2 and MFP3 were isolated by DEAE cellulose-52 column chromatography.
Catalytic production of renewable lubricant base oils from bio-based 2-alkylfurans and enals
Authors: Liu Sibao , Saha Basudeb , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: May 2019

Lubricant ranged alkanes of controlled branching and molecular size with excellent yields were synthesized by catalytic conjugate addition-hydroxylalkylation/alkylation (CA-HAA) of biomass derived 2-alkylfurans with enals followed by hydrodeoxygenation.
Opportunities and perspectives for green chemistry in semiconductor technologies
Authors: Iacopi Francesca , McIntosh Monique
Published: May 2019

Semiconductor technologies offer a plethora of technological challenges and opportunities for a more extensive implementation of green chemistry principles.
Deep learning for molecular design—a review of the state of the art
Authors: Elton Daniel C. , Boukouvalas Zois , Fuge Mark D. , Chung Peter W.
Published: May 2019

We review a recent groundswell of work which uses deep learning techniques to generate and optimize molecules.
Click reactions and intramolecular condensation reactions on azido-adamantyl-functionalized tin sulfide clusters
Authors: Engel Annikka , Dornsiepen Eike , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: May 2019

Azide–alkyl decorated organotin sulfide clusters were synthesized and further reacted to form peptide-decorated derivatives in solution via strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition as the key step.
Optimized synthesis of novel hydrogel for the adsorption of copper and cobalt ions in wastewater
Authors: Zhang Wei , Hu Lishuang , Hu Shuangqi , Liu Yang
Published: May 2019

Metal ions in wastewater endanger the environment and even human life. In this study, an optimized method was used to synthesize an excellent hydrogel to treat these metal ions.
Correction: Direct chemical vapor deposition synthesis of large area single-layer brominated graphene
Authors: Hasan Maria , Meiou Wang , Yulian Liu , Ullah Sami , Ta Huy Q. , Zhao Liang , Mendes Rafael G. , Malik Zahida P. , Ahmad Nasir M. , Liu Zhongfan , Rümmeli Mark H.
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘Direct chemical vapor deposition synthesis of large area single-layer brominated graphene’ by Maria Hasan et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 13527–13532.
An insight into the effect of azobenzene functionalities studied in UiO-66 frameworks for low energy CO2 capture and CO2/N2 membrane separation
Authors: Prasetya Nicholaus , Ladewig Bradley P.
Published: May 2019

Tailoring the content of the light-responsive ligand in UiO-66 topology through a mixed-linker approach for CO2 adsorbent and mixed matrix membrane application.
A hybrid niobium-based oxide with bio-based porous carbon as an efficient electrocatalyst in photovoltaics: a general strategy for understanding the catalytic mechanism
Authors: Wang Chen , Yun Sining , Fan Qingyang , Wang Ziqi , Zhang Yangliang , Han Feng , Si Yiming , Hagfeldt Anders
Published: May 2019

A general strategy of understanding the catalytic mechanism for a high-performance bio-based porous carbon supported ZnNb2O6 hybrid catalyst is illustrated.
High efficiency green TADF emitters of acridine donor and triazine acceptor D–A–D structures
Authors: Braveenth Ramanaskanda , Lee Hyuna , Kim Sohyeon , Raagulan Kanthasamy , Kim Sunghoon , Kwon Jang Hyuk , Chai Kyu Yun
Published: May 2019

Two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters with high synthetic yields were designed and synthesized.
Binding properties of the quaternary assembly protein SPAG1
Authors: Chagot Marie-Eve , Dos Santos Morais Raphael , Dermouche Sana , Lefebvre Dorian , Manival Xavier , Chipot Christophe , Dehez François , Quinternet Marc
Published: May 2019

In cells, many constituents are able to assemble resulting in large macromolecular machineries possessing very specific biological and physiological functions, e.g. ribosome, spliceosome and proteasome. Assembly of such entities is commonly mediated by transient protein factors. SPAG1 is a multidomain protein, known to participate in the assembly of both the inner and outer dynein arms. These arms are required for the function of sensitive and motile cells. Together with RUVBL1, RUVBL2 and PIH1D2, SPAG1 is a key element of R2SP, a protein complex assisting the quaternary assembly of specific protein clients in a tissue-specific manner and associating with heat shock proteins (HSPs) and regulators. In this study, we have investigated the role of TPR domains of SPAG1 in the recruitment of HSP chaperones by combining biochemical assays, ITC, NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. First, we propose that only two, out of the three TPR domains, are able to recruit the protein chaperones HSP70 and HSP90. We then focused on one of these TPR domains and elucidated its 3D structure using NMR spectroscopy. Relying on an NMR-driven docking approach and MD simulations, we deciphered its binding interface with the C-terminal tails of both HSP70 and HSP90. Finally, we addressed the biological function of SPAG1 and specifically demonstrated that a SPAG1 sub-fragment, containing a putative P-loop motif, cannot efficiently bind and hydrolyze GTP in vitro. Our data challenge the interpretation of SPAG1 possessing GTPase activity. We propose instead that SPAG1 regulates nucleotide hydrolysis activity of the HSP and RUVBL1/2 partners.
Thermal response of a packaged narrowband optical filter based on biconically tapered depressed‐cladding fibre
Authors: Guerra C.P. , Malheiros‐Silveira G.N. , Celaschi S.
Published: May 2019

The thermal response of packaged biconic taper filter with a free spectral range of 1.7 nm is investigated over a temperature range of 0–70°C. The filter length dependence with temperature is estimated from the spectral offset. This device presented thermal stability of 3 × 10−3 nm/°C, measured at λ0 = 1550 nm.
Extension du domaine du codage : l’ADN hachimoji
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: May 2019

The synthesis of four new nucleotide analogues that can form hydrogen bonds within the DNA double helix and can be incorporated without distortion of the structure extends the possibilities of synthetic biology. Although functional use of these analogues remains in the future, they already have interesting applications and represent an important step forward.
Polarité cellulaire : sens et signification
Authors: Bornens Michel
Published: May 2019

La polarité propre des cellules des métazoaires est héritée des unicellulaires ancestraux. On supposera que la polarité des unicellulaires eucaryotes est nécessaire pour leur locomotion et leur sensorialité et que l’intégration de ces deux activités correspond à une fonction cellulaire évolutivement contrainte. Tout en conservant le flagelle ancestral, les métazoaires ont coopté à partir de ce dernier un nouvel organite, le cil primaire/centrosome, qui assure les mêmes fonctions, mais dans des cellules différentes ou dans la même cellule, mais à des moments différents. On proposera que le remodelage nécessaire à l’obtention d’une nouvelle unité de sélection chez les multicellulaires ait été déclenché par des conflits entre les polarités des cellules individuelles pour l’obtention d’une polarité au niveau de l’organisme. On conclura provisoirement qu’au-delà de conséquences critiques pour le développement de l’embryon, la conservation d’une polarité cellulaire propre chez les métazoaires a des implications de grande portée pour l’évolution de l’individualité.
Entwicklung und psychometrische Prüfung des „Freiburger Fragebogens zur Medikamentenadhärenz (FF-MedAd)“ bei Rehabilitanden mit kardiologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Quaschning Katharina , Körner Mirjam , Wirtz Markus
Published: May 2019

Ziel der Studie Ziel der Untersuchung war die Entwicklung und psychometrische Prüfung eines Fragebogens zur mehrdimensionalen Erfassung von Barrieren und Förderfaktoren der Medikamentenadhärenz von Menschen mit kardiologischen Erkrankungen in der medizinischen Rehabilitation.

Methodik N=133 Rehabilitanden füllten den Fragebogen in einer Querschnittserhebung in einer Einrichtung der kardiologischen Rehabilitation aus. Die dimensionale Analyse des Instruments erfolgte mittels exploratorischer Faktorenanalyse (EFA).

Ergebnisse Der „Freiburger Fragebogen zur Medikamentenadhärenz (FF-MedAd)“ besteht aus 30 Items, die 8 Faktoren abbilden. Fünf dieser Faktoren repräsentieren Barrieren (Vorbehalte, Selbstständige Einnahmeentscheidung, Sorgloser Umgang, Vergessen/Vertauschen, Spezifische Probleme) und 3 Förderfaktoren der Medikamentenadhärenz (Vertrauen, Informiertheit, Kommunikation). Fünf der Skalen des FF-MedAd weisen akzeptable bis gute Reliabilitätswerte auf (Cronbachs α 0,72–0,87), für 3 der Skalen liegen die internen Konsistenzen bei 0,61–0,67. Die Zusammenhänge der Skalen geben Hinweise auf die faktorielle Validität des Instruments.

Schlussfolgerung Die psychometrischen Ergebnisse des FF-MedAd zur selbsteingeschätzten Medikamentenadhärenz von Rehabilitanden mit kardiologischen Erkrankungen sind zufriedenstellend.
Systemic Air Embolism following CT-Guided Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy of the Lung: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Marchak Katherine , Hong Michael J. , Schramm Kristofer M.
Published: May 2019

Systemic air embolism (SAE) is a rare but serious complication of percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) of the lung. Incidence of clinically apparent SAE is estimated at 0.061%, while clinically silent SAE may be as high as 3.8%. We present the complication of a small SAE during PCNB of the lung in a 78-year-old patient, which resulted in a transient myocardial ischemic event. This case highlights the importance of understanding the mechanism, frequency, and management of rare complications of PCNB of the lung; these complications should be considered in preoperative risk stratification. Regarding evaluation of postbiopsy computed tomography, operators should utilize a systematic search pattern to assess for complications.

Level of Evidence: Level 4, Case Report.
Comment on “Quasi-coherent states for the Hermite oscillator” [J. Math. Phys. 59, 062104 (2018)]
Authors: Zelaya Kevin , Rosas-Ortiz Oscar
Published: May 2019

The paper of Ünal [J. Math. Phys. 59, 062104 (2018)], though worthy of attention, contains a conclusion that is in error and may mislead the efforts to extend his results. The aim of the present note is twofold: we provide a correction to such a conclusion and then we emphasize some missing points that are necessary to clarify the content of the paper.
Performance of new density functionals of nondynamic correlation on chemical properties
Authors: Wang Matthew , John Dwayne , Yu Jianguo , Proynov Emil , Liu Fenglai , Janesko Benjamin G. , Kong Jing
Published: May 2019

Becke’13 (B13) is a general density functional theory (DFT) designed for strongly correlated molecules. Kong-Proynov’16/B13 (KP16/B13) is a modification of B13 that treats the correlation kinetic term through modeling the adiabatic connection and contains fewer parameters. A question remains whether functionals designed for extremely strong correlations can handle correlation of normal strength. In this work, both functionals are benchmarked with a variety of molecular systems from the Minnesota-2015 datasets and compared with the mainstream functionals such as B3LYP and a spectrum of other types of functionals, as well as Becke’05 (B05), the predecessor of B13. Our calculations, made possible with an efficient self-consistent-field implementation of those new functionals, show that B05, B13, and KP16/B13, based on full HF exchange, recover a majority of the correlation where it is very significant (i.e., where HF has large errors). They perform very well for reaction barriers. On the other hand, their performance on multireference systems is mixed. Overall, B05, B13, and KP16/B13 are competitive to B3LYP, and B05 is even competitive to heavily parameterized functionals for most sets despite containing 100% HF exchange. KP16/B13, in particular, contains only three empirical parameters, demonstrating the possibility of treating correlation of all strength with single-determinant Kohn-Sham DFT.