bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tethering Organic Disulfides to Layered Silicates: A Versatile Strategy for Photo-Controllable Dynamic Chemistry and Functionalization
Authors: Tanks Jonathon , Hiroi Takashi , Tamura Kenji , Naito Kimiyoshi
Published: December 2022

The dynamic covalent chemistry of molecular disulfides has been studied extensively in solution, but their reactivity when confined to nanospaces has not been investigated, nor has their application to functional nanomaterials been explored. In this study, symmetrical organic disulfides were tethered to the basal planes of synthetic mica by intercalation, confining photo-induced reactions to the interlayer as a result. This approach functionalizes the nanosheets to act as host for photo-induced disulfide-disulfide, disulfide-thiol, and disulfide-ene reactions, providing control and versatility for a wide variety of applications.
Flow cell for operando X-ray photon-in-photon-out studies on photo-electrochemical thin film devices
Authors: Jäker Philipp , Aegerter Dino , Kyburz Till , Städler Roman , Fonjallaz Rea , Detlefs Blanka , Koziej Dorota
Published: December 2022

Background: Photo-electro-chemical (PEC) water splitting represents a promising technology towards an artificial photosynthetic device but many fundamental electronic processes, which govern long-term stability and energetics, are not yet fully understood. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and particularly its high energy resolution fluorescence-detected (HERFD) mode, emerges as a powerful tool to study photo-excited charge carrier behavior under operating conditions. The established thin film device architecture of PEC cells provides a well-defined measurement geometry, but it puts many constraints on conducting operando XAS experiments. It remains a challenge to establish a standardized thin film exchange procedure and concurrently record high-quality photoelectrochemical and X‑ray absorption spectroscopy data that is unperturbed by bubble formation. Here we address and overcome these instrumental limitations for photoelectrochemical operando HERFD-XAS.

Methods: We constructed a novel operando photo-electro-chemical cell by computer numerical control milling, guided by the materials’ X‑ray and visible light absorption properties to optimize signal detection. To test the cell’s functionality, semiconducting thin film photoelectrodes have been fabricated via solution deposition and their photoelectrochemical responses under simulated solar light were studied using a commercial potentiostat in a three-electrode configuration during HERFD-XAS experiments at a synchrotron.

Results: We demonstrate the cell’s capabilities to measure and control potentiostatically and in open‑circuit, to detect X‑ray signals unperturbed by bubbles and to fluently exchange different thin film samples by collecting high-resolution Fe K-edge spectra of hematite (α -Fe2O3) and ferrite thin film (MFe2O4, M= Zn, Ni) photoelectrodes during water oxidation.

Conclusions: Our cell establishes a measurement routine that will provide experimental access of photo-electro-chemical operando HERFD-XAS experiments to a broader scientific community, particularly due to the ease of sample exchange. We believe to enable a broad range of experiments which acquired fundamental insights will spur further photoelectrochemical research and commercialization of water splitting technologies
THE ROLE OF SONPOs IN THE PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE KRASNOYARSK REGION
Authors: Kutumova Olga Yu. , Tihonova Natalia V. , Shubkin Mikhail V. , Sabanova Anzhelika O.
Published: December 2022

The paper presents modern approaches to the preservation and promotion of health among different gender and age groups of the population of the region through the delivery of non-medical activities by socially oriented non-profit organizations (SONPOs) that implement projects to preserve public health, to form medical literacy, awareness and to carry out modern methods of health promotion. The relevance of the implementation of such approaches is due to the deteriorating health of the population of the Krasnoyarsk region, which, first of all, is evidenced by the negative dynamics of demographic indicators in the region. An analysis of the legal and regulatory framework for the activities of SONPOs in the aspect of the implementation of non-medical services to the population is given, indicating the wide opportunities for SONPOs to participate in projects to preserve public health. The following methods have been applied in the study – analytical, sociological, and statistical.

Data obtained as a result of the survey have been used to analyze changes in the patient’s medical and social status that let evaluate the effectiveness of one-year implementation of health promotion activities by SONPOs. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of SONPOs non-medical activities were indicators of changes in the level of medical literacy among the participants, in comparison with people who did not participate in the activities, and the improvement of the medical and social status of patients in dynamics. All of that demonstrates the need for widespread replication of the described activity of SONPOs in the region.
ELECTRONIC BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE TEXT IN THE PRAGMALINGUISTIC ASPECT
Authors: Osiyanova Olga M. , Yudina Alexandra O.
Published: December 2022

Background. Competent execution of business letters is one of the important factors in conducting successful business activities. With the widespread use of video communication, voice messages and instant messengers, written business correspondence remains relevant. Electronic business correspondence, which determines the social and cultural specifics of the modern world community in the field of business, management and material production, is considered in the article as a linguistic phenomenon.

Purpose. To reveal the pragmalinguistic features of the texts of English-language electronic commercial letters and consider the specifics of the English-language electronic commercial letter.

Materials and methods. To solve the tasks set, a set of scientific research methods was used: analysis of scientific literature on the research problem and texts of English-language electronic commercial letters, continuous sampling method, descriptive method, comparative method.

Results. Particular attention is paid to business letters as a traditional way of communication between organizations, enterprises, associations and bodies. It was revealed that each business letter has its own communicative purpose, pragmatic essence. The pragmalinguistic aspect of the texts of electronic business correspondence is carried out through the implementation of a specific communicative intention with a specific goal.

Practical implications. The results of the research can be useful for further research in the field of communication technologies: problems of communication efficiency, public relations, advertising, speech etiquette, theory and practice of translation.
REFLECTION OF THE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN TERMS OF FOLKLORE STUDIES (BASED ON THE PROVERBS AND SAYINGS OF GERMANY AND GREAT BRITAIN)
Authors: Voloshina Tatiana G. , Blazhevich Yulia S. , Nerubenko Natalia V. , Gerasina Anastasia S.
Published: December 2022

This article deals with the peculiarities of proverbs and sayings on the example of German and British cultures, formed in the process of extralinguistic factors influence.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify the universals and uniqueness of German and British linguistic cultures illustrated with the proverbs and sayings functioning in modern German and English.

Methods. Methodologically, the article is of interdisciplinary character. The authors use methodological tools based on the application of general scientific methods (modeling, interpretation) and specific methods (linguistic reconstruction of culture, language and culture commentary).

Results. Having analyzed the features of proverbs and sayings of the German and English cultures, formed in the course of historical, cultural and linguistic interaction, the authors singled out the peculiarities of the worldview, character and beliefs of the Germans and Englishmen. The reasons for the productivity of proverbs and sayings use in modern German and English languages were identified: the most frequently used both for German and English language and cultures are bibleisms, set expressions, extracts from works of fiction.
LINGUISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING WELSHNESS IN ANGLO-WELSH LITERATURE
Authors: Abramova Elena I.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the research is to provide a comprehensive linguistic analysis of how Welshness is manifested in Anglo-Welsh borderland literature, therefore the scope of the research is linguistic means of Welshness manifestation.

The material for the research into linguistic manifestation of Welshness was collected from the novel The Whithered Root (by Rhys Davies) through continuous selection methodology, and then analysed by the stylistic method, lingvocultural method, the content analysis method, as well as the method of sociolinguistic interpretation.

As a result, there have been identified and described three methods of manifesting Welshness in fiction:

1) introducing Anglo-Welsh dialect features in the speech of the characters on the level of syntax influenced by Welsh and through Welsh cultural lexis;

2) metalinguistic description of the characters’ speech through the prism of Welshness, which functions as an ideological tool of identity and a means of influencing the reader;

3) using stylistic devices, based on similarity or juxtaposing contrasting idea, to create the key elements of the positive image of Wales and its values: its beauty, creative talent of the Welsh, their religiousness and passionate nature.

The scope of application encompasses teaching and research in the speres of sociolinguistics, dialectology, literature study and cultural linguistics.

Findings: Welshness as identity is manifested in fiction through local and ethnical elements in the characters’ speech, through the author’s or the characters’ metalinguistic speculations about the Welshness of the language and through stylistic devices used to describe the key values of the identity. The discussed means function as an ideological tool of promoting identity and creating its positive and unique image.
AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION OF GASTRONOMIC DISCOURSE (ILLUSTRATED BY JAMIE OLIVER’S COOKING SHOWS TRANSLATIONS FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN)
Authors: Zhuchkova Elena V. , Shageeva Anna A. , Ivanova Svetlana A.
Published: December 2022

The paper considers characteristics of gastronomic discourse through the lens of the audiovisual translation being one of the most popular and demanded types of translation today. The paper is a review of the main theoretical treatments of discourses and terminological aspects related to the topic “food”. A great variety of approaches to defining and classifying the main concepts of such studies (P.P. Burkova, I.E. Zaĭceva, N.N.Kacunova, F.L. Kosickaya, A.V. Olyanich) indicates that the issue is open to discussion and serves as a motivation for our research.

Purpose. The study aims to find translation strategies in rendering gastronomic discourse from English into Russian.

Material and methods. Jamie Oliver’s TV cooking shows from 2005 to 2017 and their translations into Russian made by Foxlife, Telecafe, Kuchnya TV channels. Contrastive method and critical analysis are used as the main methods of the study.

Results. The paper describes effective translation strategies of gastronomic discourse from English into Russian, systematizes common translation mistakes and offers their possible solutions.

Practical implications. The results can be used in translation and interpreting when rendering the English content into Russian for further dubbing of TV cooking shows; in further studies of gastronomic discourse; in university courses of stylistics, theory and practice of translation; in teaching language training methods.
PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING POLICE OFFICERS THE BASICS OF THE RUSSIAN SIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Naurazbaeva Liliya V.
Published: December 2022

The article shows the practical aspects of training employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as presents the means of developing linguistic competence and ways of forming students’ creative capabilities.

The object of the research is to develop pedagogical principles for organizing the learning process that contribute to the study of educational material in Russian Sign Language.

The subject of the research is Russian Sign Language.

The research methods consist of theoretical analysis of the works of Russian and foreign linguists, method of empirical analysis.

The results of the scientific work are aimed at improving the efficiency of educational work with students during the training program “Training skills of the Russian sign language for duty units employees, district police officers, patrol service, traffic road safety, criminal investigation department, for migration issues”.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LINGUISTIC ECONOMY PRINIPLES IN A GERMAN INTERVIEW
Authors: Lovyannikova Victoria V. , Kolieva Irina G.
Published: December 2022

This article is an attempt to identify and analyze the methods of information compression in a German interview that help interlocutors to avoid unnecessary waste of speech efforts as well as excesses and repetitions in a conversation and express their thoughts clearly and meaningfully.

The relevance of this study is due to the special significance of the law of economy in the light of the new realities of globalization, that is one of the main trends and characteristic features of modern communication, constantly stimulating the interest of linguists in identifying and systematizing means of accelerating the transmission of information.

The purpose of this study is to present the results of scientific understanding of the role and place of the means of linguistic economy in the dialogical genre of German journalism, in an interview.

The scientific novelty of the research lies in its complex attempt to study the phenomenon economy at all levels of the language in a German interview.

The research material are the texts of interviews from the information and political magazine «Focus» published by the Burda-Verlag in Munich, being highly popular in Germany.

The study was conducted using such linguistic methods as observation, comparison, explication, reconstruction, as well as elements of quantitative calculation, linguo-stylistic and contextual analysis.

The results of research. The authors formulate the set of lexical (composites, borrowings from English, abbreviations), morphological (substantivisation, substitution, non-article way of using nouns) and syntactic (asyndeton, aposiopesis, ellipsis) means, which are united by a functional feature of language economy, and conclude that this phenomenon is universal in a German interview.

The field of practical implications of these results can be the teaching of theoretical and practical disciplines in the German language.
SCIENTIFIC HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSE IN THE RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: INTERTEXTUAL MARKERS ANALYSIS
Authors: Sushkova Aigul R.
Published: December 2022

Background. Any new humanitarian research is based on a solid theoretical basis, which should be reflected in the work of the researcher. Intertextuality as a peculiar principle of scientific discourse, expressed simultaneously at the level of content and in terms of expression, is a special way of building new knowledge based on other people’s knowledge and empirical experience. Conducting a comparative study on intertextual markers of humanitarian discourse in Russian and English will reveal their common and specific features.

Purpose. In this paper, the author conducts a comparative analysis of intertextual markers of scientific humanitarian discourse in Russian and English.

Materials and methods. The research is based on general scientific methods, i.e., generalization and analysis as well as descriptive method, mathematical and statistical method, continuous sampling method.

Results. As a result of the research, the authors identify explicit markers of intertextuality inherent in scientific humanitarian discourse in Russian and English, among which background references, indirect speech and quotations are the most popular. During the quantitative calculation of the studied data, the authors revealed that the percentage ratio of various intertextual markers within one language differs. Thus, it was revealed that in the English-language discourse, most of the intertextual markers are formed by background links, while in the Russian-language discourse, this number was made up of background links together with indirect speech. The authors summarize that the background references used in the scientific humanitarian discourse of the two languages under study help preserve the originality of the study as well as reflect the theoretical support of the researcher.

Practical implications. The data obtained in the course of the conducted research can contribute to the development of functional stylistics and comparative linguistics, it can also be used by researchers of scientific humanitarian discourse, as well as for the purposes of teaching “Academic writing”.
Personnel Risks in the System of Electric Power Industry Enterprises’s Economic Safety
Authors: Zolotareva G. , Denisenko G. , Guskov Sergei
Published: December 2022

The article considers the personnel component of the economic security of energy enterprises. The implementation of personnel risks can lead to significant losses for both the power plant itself and the enterprises dependent on it. To ensure economic security, electric power companies need to identify and assess all potential risks in a timely manner. The article presents the methodology for assessing personnel risks of economic security for enterprises in the electric power industry
Temperament as a risk factor for drug addiction in young adults
Authors: Chęć Magdalena , Konieczny Krystian , Gepert Katarzyna
Published: December 2022

Aim of the study

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between temperament and addiction to psychoactive substances in young adults.

Subject or material and methods

Methods: 74 young adults participated in the study: 37 with substance use disorder and 37 controls, aged 18-28 years. They completed Rothbart’s Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) and a socio-demographic survey. The study was conducted in the Center for Treatment, Therapy and Rehabilitation, run by the MONAR Association.

Results

Results: Our results indicate significant differences between the test group and the control group in the following temperamental traits (p <0.05): Endogenous Sadness, Visual Discomfort, Inhibitory Control, Attentional Shifting, Sociability and Intense Environmental Pleasure. Compared to controls, persons with substance use disorder scored higher on endogenous sadness and intense environmental pleasure. Greater endogenous sadness suggests they experience more negative emotions and lower mood as a result of disappointment or loss, which promotes development of addiction.

Discussion

Discussion: This study demonstrates differences in the severity of some temperamental traits between persons with substance use disorder and control group.

Conclusions

It is suggesting that temperament can be a risk factor for addiction to psychoactive substances.
Neuropsychological performance facilitates emotion recognition in bipolar disorder
Authors: Lewandowska Anna , Górna Krystyna , Jaracz Krystyna , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: December 2022

Aim of the study

In bipolar disorder (BD), evidence for both cognitive impairment and deficit in emotion recognition has been found. Several investigations indicate that cognition and face processing can be interrelated. In this study, we assessed the correlations between cognitive functioning and emotion recognition (face expression) in patients with BD during an acute manic and depressive episode as well as in remission using a large battery of neurocognitive tests.

Subject or material and methods

Twenty-four manic subjects, 21 with bipolar depression, and 22 euthymics, age-, sex-, and education-matched were included. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT, Stroop Color-Word Interference Test (SCWT), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Benton Visual Memory Test (BVRT), Rey-Osterreich Complex Figure Test (ROFT), d2 test and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). For emotion recognition, the Penn Emotion Recognition Test and Penn Emotion Discrimination Test were employed.

Results

In mania, performances on selected measures of the WCST, TMT, SCWT, CVLT, ROFT, d2 test, and VFT, achieved 19 positive correlations with better recognition of happiness. In depression, conducting these tests obtained 20 correlations with finer recognition of sadness. In remission, such performances acquired 18 correlations with greater identification of sadness (10 replicated those obtained in depression).

Discussion

Better emotion recognition in manic patients concerns mostly happiness, while in depression and remission, mainly sadness.

Conclusions

Better neuropsychological performance can facilitate emotion recognition. We hypothesize that the identification of sadness could be considered a biological marker of mood disorders.
In Art We Trust
Authors: Li Yuexin , Ma Xiaoyin , Renneboog Luc
Published: December 2022

Whereas trust is the cornerstone of any market’s functioning, it is of particular importance in markets that are unregulated, illiquid, and opaque, such as the art market. This study examines the role of authenticity, as captured by provenance information in auction catalogs, on the probability of auctioned oil paintings, watercolors, and prints being sold; their price formation; and returns. Auction catalogs include four authenticity dimensions: pedigree (ownership “blockchain,” descendance information; type of past owners, such as renowned collectors; and past sales records), exhibition history (e.g., in famous museums or galleries), literature coverage (e.g., in catalogues raisonnés or authoritative press), and certification (e.g., artist’s physical testimonial, expert opinions). We find that trust, proxied by provenance information, increases the probability of a work being sold by up to 4%, leads to hammer price premiums up to 54%, and increases annualized returns by 5%–16%. To address potential endogeneity problems between the provision of provenance and past prices/price expectations, we perform quasi-natural experiments in difference-in-differences settings on auction houses’ provenance policy changes following authenticity litigation and on a contamination effect of the discovery of fakes and forgeries on the oeuvre of forged artists. We also test transactions less affected by past prices, such as estate sales following the death of a collector. The findings on the relation between provenance and prices are robust to artist reputation, artistic style, auction house reputation, art market liquidity, and artist career timing.

This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.

Funding: Y. Li gratefully acknowledges supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72204257] and the Area Studies Fund of Renmin University of China [Grant AS2022002]. This study is partially funded by the Tilburg Alumni Fund.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4633 .
Cultural Roots of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Second-Generation Immigrants
Authors: Kleinhempel Johannes , Klasing Mariko J. , Beugelsdijk Sjoerd
Published: December 2022

Does national culture influence entrepreneurship? Given that entrepreneurship and the economic, formal institutional, and cultural characteristics of nations are deeply intertwined and co-vary, it is difficult to isolate the effect of culture on entrepreneurship. In this study, we examine the self-employment choices of second-generation immigrants who were born, educated, and currently live in one country, but were raised by parents stemming from another country. We argue that entrepreneurship is influenced by durable, portable, and intergenerationally transmitted cultural imprints such that second-generation immigrants are more likely to become entrepreneurs if their parents originate from countries characterized by a strong entrepreneurial culture. Our multilevel analysis of two independent samples—65,323 second-generation immigrants of 52 different ancestries who were born, were raised, and live in the United States and 4,165 second-generation immigrants of 31 ancestries in Europe—shows that entrepreneurial culture is positively associated with the likelihood that individuals are entrepreneurs. Our results are robust to alternative non-cultural explanations, such as differences in resource holdings, labor market discrimination, and direct parent-child linkages. Overall, our study highlights the durability, portability, and intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial culture as well as the profound impact of national culture on entrepreneurship.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1645 .
Early adolescents’ knowledge of anatomy, sexual characteristics and contraception from reproductive health education in Bagamoyo, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yuri Saori , Madeni Frida , Shishido Eri , Horiuchi Shigeko
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims

Adolescent girls in Tanzania may drop out of school if they experience an unwanted pregnancy. Evidence shows that sex education can improve adolescents’ understanding of issues related to intercourse, pregnancy and contraception, but this education is lacking in Tanzania. In order to improve sex education in Tanziania, this study investigated early adolescents’ knowledge of anatomy, changes during puberty, pregnancy, contraception and safety.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 10−14-year-old students in a primary school in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. A questionnaire was used to gather data on participants’ knowledge of fundamental anatomy and physiology, sexual characteristics and contraception. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with P<0.05 used to determine significance.

Results

A total of 111 students (44 girls, 67 boys, from the fifth and sixth grades) participated. Significantly more boys than girls had begun talking to classmates about steady girl/boyfriends across both grades (P=0.003). The participants’ understanding of basic anatomy (including the functions of the heart, lungs and digestive system) was mostly high, although they scored low in some areas (pain, dentistry and facial muscles). When asked about pregnancy, contraception and safety, significantly more boys than girls could correctly identify appropriate contraception for teenagers (P=0.01). When analysed by grade, the boys’ grade had a significant impact on whether they correctly answered the questions on pregnancy (P=0.001) and contraception (P=0.001), but there were no differences in answers between girls of different grades.

Conclusions

Girls’ knowledge of pregnancy, contraception and safety was significantly lower than the boys, and despite beginning sex education in sixth grade, no significant differences in were observed between the fifth and sixth grade answers by the girls. The comprehensive sexual education programme for adolescent girls in Tanzania needs urgent improvement.
Antenatal care attendance and sociocultural predictors of antenatal care initiation in Tolon, Ghana
Authors: Ziblim Shamsu-Deen , Suara Sufyan Bakuri , Seidu Balkisu
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims

Data on sociocultural determinants of late antenatal care initiation during pregnancy are scarce. This study evaluated pregnant women living in Tolon and the sociocultural factors that influence antenatal care initiation.

Methods

This study was cross-sectional. The odds of late antenatal care initiation were determined using binary logistic regression models and qualitative data were presented as illustrative quotations.

Results

The prevalence of late antenatal care initiation was high (72%). A woman and her spouse’s education were both found to impact antenatal care initiation, with formal education making early initiation more likely (P<0.001), although spouse’s education was not significant in the adjusted model. In both the unadjusted and adjusted models, women who experienced pregnancy ‘outdooring’ rites to announce their pregnancy were more likely to initiate antenatal care late than those who did not (P<0.001).

Conclusions

There was a positive relationship between pregnancy rites and late antenatal care initiation. The district health directorate needs to intensify campaigns against traditional pregnancy rituals that negatively impact early antenatal care initiation.
The effect of maternity waiting homes on pregnancy outcomes in West Gojjam, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alene Amelework Getinet , Olayemi Oladapo O , Oladokun Adesina , Berhane Yemane
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims

Maternity waiting homes are temporary shelters for pregnant women located near a hospital or health centre and are designed to reduce adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, studies assessing the association between maternity waiting home use and adverse pregnancy outcomes are limited. This study assessed the association between maternity waiting home use and adverse pregnancy outcomes in northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted among women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in West Gojjam, northwest Ethiopia. Pregnant women (28 weeks or more gestation) were enrolled and followed up until birth. Maternity waiting home use was classified as if a pregnant woman stayed for at least 1 week in a maternity waiting home before birth. Log-binomial regression analysis was used to calculate the effect of maternity waiting homes on adverse pregnancy outcomes and to control the effect of potential confounders.

Results

A total of 810 women completed follow up and were included in the analysis. The incidence of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes was lower among maternity waiting home users compared to non-users (16.3% vs 24.5%). Maternity waiting home users had a lower risk of perinatal death (P=0.003), low birth weight (P=0.004) and preterm birth (P=0.007) than non-users. There were no significant differences in the risk of prolonged labour and postpartum haemorrhage between maternity waiting home users and non-users.

Conclusions

Staying in a maternity waiting home was significantly associated with a lower risk of perinatal death, low birth weight and preterm birth, and maternity waiting home users had approximately 50% lower adverse perinatal outcomes than non-users. Therefore, the Amhara Regional Health Bureau, zonal health departments, district health offices and other stakeholders should strengthen the use of maternity waiting homes.
Supporting the needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss in South Africa
Authors: Kave Yekiswa V , Sonti Balandeli SI , Morton David G , James Sindiwe
Published: December 2022

Background/Aim

Midwives play an important role in assisting women to cope with the initial trauma of perinatal loss, but their own coping and support needs can be overlooked. The purpose of the study was to explore the coping behaviours and support needs of midwives caring for women with perinatal loss.

Methods

A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design was used. Data were collected using semi-structured one-on-one interviews with 13 purposively sampled participants from the Nelson Mandela Bay Health District.

Results

Three themes emerged concerning midwives' coping mechanisms in relation to perinatal loss, their views on support from management and the need for psychological and emotional support.

Conclusions

The participants felt the need for unit-based psychological and emotional support. They called for the development of a protocol for midwives to manage perinatal loss events. They felt that the layout of the labour wards needed to be redesigned and that the problem of staff shortages needed to be urgently addressed.
Barriers and facilitators to infection prevention and control guidelines adherence: an integrative review
Authors: McCarthy Maura , Giltenane Martina , Doody Owen
Published: December 2022

Background/Aims

Midwives play a key role in the prevention and control of infection. The identification of barriers and facilitators to guideline adherence is of paramount importance to improve compliance and ultimately patient care. This review's aim was to explore barriers and facilitators to midwives' infection prevention and control guideline adherence.

Methods

This integrated review used the Whittemore and Knafl method to conduct a systematic search of eight databases for research carried out between 2015 and 2021. Data were analysed using the Braun and Clarke framework and reported using PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Four themes were identified: ‘compliance is infrastructure and resource dependent’, ‘recognising and working with what you have’, ‘midwives' fear and anxiety’ and ‘culture change: a mammoth challenge’. Midwifery experience of infection prevention and control guidelines adherence is affected by factors such as resource availability, guideline availability, healthcare systems, socioeconomic factors and midwives' personal influences.

Conclusions

Education for midwives is crucial to improve adherence to infection prevention and control guidance. However, education from a behaviour change standpoint has been shown to be most effective and this should be incorporated into training programmes.
Assessing women with symptoms of threatened preterm labour: a service proposal
Authors: Nelson Danielle
Published: December 2022

Approximately 8% of all UK births occur preterm, resulting in increased neonatal mortality and significant disability, while causing a financial burden for the NHS. This proposal outlines how an app could be incorporated into the assessment of women presenting with symptoms of threatened preterm labour, to assist with early recognition and optimise neonatal outcomes. Lewin's change model was used to plan this service improvement and a planning triangle and action planning tool were used to assist with implementation and stakeholder engagement. Data from the trust show that implementation of the app could decrease admissions and reduce unnecessary interventions, providing a significant cost saving for the trust. This proposal also reviewed the leadership skills required for staff engagement. Pre-change data demonstrate that implementation of this app could have potentially improved the care of 89 women in the trust in one year.
Back on track
Authors: Swales Paul
Published: December 2022

Paul Swales details how to kick start your finances into the new year!
SAD times
Authors: Silver Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Rebecca Silver breaks down seasonal depression, and the do's and don'ts of coping with it.
Keep it SMART
Authors: Beckwith Mark
Published: December 2022

Mark Beckwith offers advice on the SMART way to clean, lubricate and sterilise dental handpieces.
Factors associated with global cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients: a cross-sectional study in Mataram, Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Herpan Syafii , Rizki Mohammad , Irawati Deasy
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a major complication of epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy in Mataram, Indonesia.

METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 155 consecutive outpatients with epilepsy at Mataram General Hospital, Mutiara Sukma Mental Hospital, and Siti Hajar Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia between September 2017 and August 2020. Data on the patient’s demographic characteristics, epilepsy, treatment variables, and global cognitive status were collected. The association between the determinants of epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment and the prevalence of epilepsy-associated global cognitive impairment was analyzed using logistic regression.

RESULTS The prevalence of epilepsy-associated global cognitive impairment was 83.9% and related to a low level of education (odds ratio [OR] = 5.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.93–14.20), early age at onset (OR = 7.85, 95% CI = 0.82–33.79), and long duration of epilepsy (OR = 8.47, 95% CI = 1.95–36.88).

CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of epilepsy-associated global cognitive impairment was observed in Mataram and was associated with a low level of education, early age at onset, and long duration of epilepsy.
OCATA: a deep-learning-based digital twin for the optical time domain
Authors: Sequeira D. , Ruiz M. , Costa N. , Napoli A. , Pedro J. , Velasco L.
Published: December 2022

The development of digital twins to represent the optical transport network might enable multiple applications for network operation, including automation and fault management. In this work, we propose a deep-learning-based digital twin for the optical time domain, named OCATA. OCATA is based on the concatenation of deep neural network (DNN) modeling of optical links and nodes, which facilitates representing lightpaths. The DNNs model linear and nonlinear noise, as well as optical filtering. Additional DNN-based models are proposed to extract useful lightpath metrics, such as lightpath length, number of optical links, and nonlinear fiber parameters. OCATA exhibits low complexity, thus making it ideal for real-time applications. Illustrative results for the application of OCATA to disaggregated and mixed disaggregated-proprietary optical network scenarios reveal remarkable accuracy.
On the independent significance of generalizations of the Wigner distribution function
Authors: Zheng Yushi , Healy John J.
Published: December 2022

The Wigner distribution function (WDF) is a significant time-frequency analysis tool in, e.g., the theory of optical coherence and signal processing. Recently, various generalizations of the WDF associated with linear canonical transforms have been proposed to improve and broaden its applications. It is useful to identify which of these novel distributions have independent significance for further investigation. We plot these distributions for a test signal using symbolic integration to find which distributions are linear coordinate transforms of the WDF or have unique features. Five distributions are determined to be linear coordinate transforms of the WDF. Two distributions show unique characteristics. We focus on the mathematical interpretation, properties, and possible applications of those two distributions. We demonstrate how one of them can be used in the analysis of partially coherent systems.
Omnidirectional defect mode in one-dimensional photonic crystal with a (chiral) hyperbolic metamaterial defect
Authors: Wei Qian , Wu Jiaju , Guo Zhiwei , Sun Yong , Li Yunhui , Jiang Haitao , Yang Yaping , Chen Hong
Published: December 2022

The wavelength of defect mode in all-dielectric photonic crystals (PCs) with a dielectric defect are blue-shifted as incident angle increases for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized waves. The blue-shifted property of defect mode limits the design of some optical devices including omnidirectional optical filters and wide-angle polarization selectors. Here we introduce a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) layer as a defect into dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) to obtain an omnidirectional defect mode for TM polarized waves at near-infrared regimes. Since only one HMM layer is introduced, omnidirectional defect mode with transmittance as high as 71% can be realized. Because of the unusual angle-dependence of propagating phase in the HMM defect, the total phase for satisfying the resonance condition of defect mode can be unchanged in a wide-angle range at a fixed wavelength, which leads to the omnidirectional defect mode. Moreover, the manipulation of propagating phase can be generalized to the case of circularly polarized waves, and we obtain an omnidirectional defect mode for left-handed circularly polarized waves in 1DPCs with a chiral hyperbolic metamaterial defect. Nevertheless, the defect mode for right-handed circularly polarized waves is still blue-shifted. Such spin-selective omnidirectional defect mode can be utilized to greatly enhance circular dichroism in a wide-angle range up to 64.1°. Our structure facilitates the design of omnidirectional optical filters with a high transmittance and circular polarization selectors working in a wide-angle range.
TWO NEW RECORDS OF ATHYRIUM FOR BALI
Authors: Wardani Wita , Adjie Bayu , Yulita Kusumadewi Sri , Salamah Andi
Published: December 2022

WARDANI, W., ADJIE, B., YULITA, K. S. & SALAMAH, A. 2022. Two new records of Athyrium for Bali. Reinwardtia 21(2): 43‒47. — Here we reported two species of Athyrium from Bali for the first time based on herbarium study and field work. We provided morphological description, voucher specimens, and taxonomic note for both species. A key to all the four known species of Athyrium s.l. in Bali was also provided.
ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF CYRTANDRA (GESNERIACEAE) OF SUMATRA, INDONESIA
Authors: Wang Qing Wen , Bramley Gemma L.C. , Atkins Hannah J. , Kartonegoro Abdulrokhman
Published: December 2022

WANG, Q. W., BRAMLEY, G. L. C., ATKINS, H. J. & KARTONEGORO, A. 2022. Annotated checklist of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) of Sumatra, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 21(2): 63‒80. — There are 53 species and three varieties of Sumatran Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) included in the checklist. Thirty-three lectotypes and four neotypes have been assigned, including for two excluded species. Two species are designated as incertae sedis due to a lack of type material or any associated specimens. A new name of C. jackii is proposed here to replace the illegitimate C. glabra Jack. Most of the species included in the checklist are endemic to Sumatra, with some species distributed in neighboring islands in Malesia. The next step for Cyrtandra in Sumatra is to carry out a full taxonomic revision to better understand distribution patterns and species limits and also to assign appropriate neotypes for those species still missing original material.
NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN THREE NEPENTHES SPECIES (NEPENTHACEAE) FROM NORTH SUMATRA
Authors: Mansur Muhammad , Salamah Andi , Mirtanto Edi , Brearly Francis Q
Published: December 2022

MANSUR, M., SALAMAH, A., MIRMANTO, E. & BREARLEY, F. Q. 2022. Nutrient concentrations in three Nepenthes species (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Reinwardtia 21(2): 55‒62. — Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous plants that are unique ornamental plants, but their nutrient concentration relationships have not been studied much, especially in endemic species on the island of Sumatra. So far, the analysis of the nutrient concentration in Nepenthes is mostly limited to leaves. There are few reports of nutrient concentrations in the pitcher fluid and the soil around where it grows. Leaves, pitcher fluid, and soil around the growth sites of each species i.e., Nepenthes sumatrana, N. spectabilis, and N. tobaica, from North Sumatra province were collected for nutrient analyses (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na). The results showed that the nutrient concentrations in the leaves and pitcher fluid in the three Nepenthes species were generally low with those in the leaves greater than in the pitcher fluid. The concentration of nutrients in the leaves of N. sumatrana (lowland species) was least (except for N and Na) when compared to N. spectabilis and N. tobaica (highland species), likely reflecting the poorly fertile soil. In contrast, the nutrient concentration in the pitcher fluid of N. sumatrana was greater than N. spectabilis and N. tobaica. When compared across an extensive data set, we show that leaf N does not change with elevation, whereas P declines and the N:P ratio increases with elevation, suggesting that Nepenthes plants are obtaining sufficient N from prey at higher elevations.
FDA Should Re-evaluate All mRNA Vaccines and Revoke Their Use Authorizations (The Short Version).
Authors: Wu Jianqing
Published: December 2022

Drug industry, controlling medical publishers and large media promote flawed medicine for their revenues by systematically laundering medical knowledge in decades. They maintain and promote flawed research models and suppress disruptive discoveries, thereby precluding reform of medicine. In this study, I will deeply explore how the wrong life model, population-based research model, misused clinical trials, flawed statistical models, the symptom based research methods, binary disease classification, failure to address the massive vital organ capacities, failure to correct biases caused by expected delay in realizing side effects, and failure to address the interference effects of non-controllable factors affect the conclusions of “effectiveness and safety” for mRNA vaccines. I will directly analyze three studies that have been relied upon by FDA in approving mNRA use authorizations: one BNT162b2 effectiveness study published in NEJM, one booster shot study published in NEJM and a Seven Integrated Health Care Organizations study published by CDC. I will expose fatal flaws in the frequency risk concept, effectiveness rate, and hazard reduction ratios, and show why 3% death rate, 95% effectiveness rate and 90% mortality reduction are all meaningless and misleading, and should never have been used as treatment guidance. I will also examine common biases that can be easily practiced by sponsors’ researchers to alter conclusions in favor of approval. By relying on laundered medical “knowledge”, FDA has consistently failed to predict latent drug side effects for any drugs and vaccines in its history. FDA approved disastrous DES in 1941, Swine Flu vaccine in 1976, and mRNA vaccines in 2020. The vaccines are used to deliver short-term benefits on a small percent of persons at the costs of damaging health, causing deaths that could be avoided, and shortening lifespans for all people in the population. I thus urge FDA to reevaluate all mRNA vaccines and revoke their use authorizations.
Association Between Opioid Use and Outpatient Visits for Dysphagia: An Analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey in 2008–2018
Authors: Flanagan Ryan , Lopes Emily W. , Glissen Brown Jeremy R. , Tracy Michaela S. , Chan Walter W.
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction has been described with characteristic manometric patterns, but the population burden of dysphagia attributable to opioid use remains unclear.

METHODS:

The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2008 to 2018 was used to assess the relationship between opioid use and outpatient visits for dysphagia.

RESULTS:

After controlling for potential confounders, there were no significant difference in ambulatory visits for dysphagia between opioid users and nonusers (adjusted odds ratio = 0.98, confidence interval: 0.59–1.65).

DISCUSSION:

No correlation between opioid use and ambulatory visits for dysphagia was found in a nationwide sample. Opioid-related manometric changes may be clinically relevant only in a small proportion of patients.