bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studying welfare attitudes
Authors: Sundberg Trude
Published: January 2025

This chapter sets out the framework used to analyse and understand welfare attitudes drawing on work by Roosma et al (2013) and Xu et al (2021). These approaches carefully set out the multidimensional characteristics of welfare attitudes as well as what explains them. Welfare attitudes here include the role, goals and performance that welfare systems have and should have, attitudes about and assessment of the performance of social policies and welfare systems, and attitudes towards and judgement of the outcomes. Furthermore, the book draws on deservingness theory to explore attitudes towards those in need. The book makes use of factors at societal levels, as well as community and individual characteristics to explain people’s welfare attitudes. The chapter also argues how the explanations and measurements used to decide what welfare attitudes matter need to grow out of the historical, cultural and political trajectories of the societies studied. The chapter argues for the need to expand our theoretical explanations to include cultural and political factors both at societal level and at individual levels to better explain welfare attitudes in places like East Asian societies.
The importance of cultural contexts
Authors: Sundberg Trude
Published: January 2025

Chapter 5 explores the importance of cultural value systems when it comes to welfare and welfare attitudes. A key finding is that it is crucial that we do not default to using Confucianism as a catch-all explanation of values in these societies as there is great variation in attitudes and values across them. A focus on a collective, here often represented as the family, and other factors such as ideological socialisation, personal factors and experiences are found to be important when we explore the extent to which cultural aspects can explain who has what welfare attitudes. The chapter shows how attitudes towards gender roles are crucial and important to take into account when analysing welfare attitudes in East Asia as these attitudes shapes views of who should do what and why when it comes to care and welfare provision in the community – key elements in welfare attitudes and deservingness. Much higher percentages than in Western countries see it as the family’s role to care for elderly and children under school age. Furthermore, the role of family in supporting education is important.
The nature of publicness
Authors: Magalhães Claudio De , Sieh Louie
Published: January 2025

This second conceptual chapter proposes a concept of publicness that informs the operations and operational design of public space management and provision. It starts with a critical review of the various attributes of publicness, including openness, inclusivity, conductivity to encounters, and so forth. It goes on to argue that publicness is space- and time-specific and that the form, type and degree of publicness result from the way rights are allocated to, or appropriated by, those with stakes in any particular spaces. The chapter concludes with the idea that publicness is not a static state of abstract values, but a system of rights that is dynamically interpretable in its context of application. It presents the analytical framework that will be applied to public spaces in later chapters, based on the idea that publicness is a function of the system of rights over three aspects – access, use, collective choice – that characterise a public space.
Public space management in London and Hong Kong
Authors: Magalhães Claudio De , Sieh Louie
Published: January 2025

This chapter provides an overview of the recent history of governance and management of the public realm in general and of open public spaces in both London and Hong Kong. It looks particularly at their long-standing history of non-traditional forms of public space governance. The emphasis is on how public spaces in these two cities have been produced and managed over time; the systems and institutional arrangements put in place to produce new spaces and to ensure that many of their publicness attributes fulfil their functions; the governance systems that represent the different interests with a stake in public spaces; how all these have evolved and the reasons for changes. The chapter is divided into two parts, one dealing with London, the other with Hong Kong, both structured along similar lines. The chapter concludes with the quantitative and qualitative challenges to provision and management of public space in both cities.
Background: mental health crisis in the labour market
Authors: Väänänen Ari
Published: January 2025

Mental health has become a major challenge in late modern societies. This chapter describes the scale of the challenge in the work context. It provides a background of the recent history on how psychological malaise and emotional distress have emerged as a central concern in the labour market. It provides a starting point to understand why the mental vitality and strength of the workforce has a far more psychological- and mental-health-focused character in current professional and non-professional culture than in earlier societies. This chapter concludes that to understand the recently arrived wave of mental health problems and mental fitness concerns among working populations we need to rethink the fundamental assumptions and interrelationships concerning psyche, emotions, work, disability and health. We also need to move away from dominating individualistic mental health frameworks and carefully analyse the role mental health plays in the current labour market and culture.
The vulnerability of cultural existence
Authors: Väänänen Ari
Published: January 2025

The objective of this chapter is to describe the critical approaches that have sought to address the growing concern for mental health and psychological wellbeing in culture. They are particularly related to psychologization and medicalization. As concepts, they outline how psychological and medical knowledge and related concepts and practices have increasingly begun to define work culture, work ability and everyday life, producing a vulnerable subject. The chapter analyses the extent to which these perspectives fit into the analysis of mental vulnerability related to work and employees. It concludes that when the spectrum of mental vulnerability is viewed from various perspectives of work, there has been a significant shift towards psychological and medical filters and solutions among both employees and professionals. However, without an understanding of fundamental change in the labour market and the historical transformation of social character in different locations of work culture, one easily ends up with a mechanical and overgeneralizing picture of the cultural surge of mental vulnerability.
Public inquiries at a crossroads
Authors: Schlembach Raphael
Published: January 2025

This chapter situates the conflicts and contestations in the Undercover Policing Inquiry within a broader debate about the role of inquests and inquiries. Drawing lessons from interventions made by Stuart Hall into the politics of inquiries during the 1990s, it examines inquiries under the Inquiries Act 2005 as political openings as well as political closure. Public inquiries therefore have an uneasy relationship to public accountability.
El dossier del fermano Lucius Equitius: la historia de un protagonismo efímero con un final trágico. Un anàlisis de los recursos expositivos
Authors: Mayer Marc
Published: January 2025

El artículo examina la breve y controvertida figura de Lucius Equitius, quien reclamó ser descendiente de Tiberio Graco en la Roma republicana. Esta afirmación y su asociación con el tribuno Saturnino y el pretor Glaucia lo involucraron en un intento de reforma política, que terminó en tragedia. Equitius, respaldado por Saturnino, buscó aprovechar el prestigio de los Graco para obtener apoyo popular en sus aspiraciones políticas. El conflicto alcanzó su punto álgido cuando las autoridades romanas, encabezadas por Mario, reprimieron brutalmente la revuelta. Los historiadores antiguos documentaron el destino de Equitius de manera variada, y el artículo sugiere que esta ambigüedad refleja la tensión entre los ideales populares y la oposición de las élites conservadoras.
Has the Welfare State failed?
Authors: Braga de Carvalho Joao Pedro
Published: January 2025

This essay aims to examine whether the Welfare State project has failed and how this apparent failure is intrinsically connected to the rise of citizen discontent. By tracing the historical roots of the Rechtsstaat and its development into the Welfare State, we highlight how the increasing gap between grand promises and their limited fulfillment has fueled widespread discontent. The much-acclaimed Welfare State seems to have transformed itself into a Malaise State, marked by a dual institutional failure: the inability to universalize its promises and the lack of political responses to the social discontent caused by that first incapacity. In this context, what was once considered a collective social desire has become (hyper)individualized within a “turboglobalized” world, inverting the traditional relation in which public improvement had the capacity to positively impact private life. Despite this, the responsibility of governments remains justified, as the transfer of power through democratic elections inherently carries the condition of accountability. However, democracy by itself seems unable to resolve these crises, especially when it comes to the well know populisms that carry out the so-called policies of disconcertment. Traditional institutional structures and power divisions also fall short, as the crisis of liberal democracy transcends national borders, becoming a shared Western dilemma. This scenario presents a paradox: while liberal democracy struggles with its self-created problems, abandoning its core values risks descent into tyranny. How, then, can we bridge the democracy gap while remaining democratic? We identify that a forward-thinking State philosophy, rooted in institutional (re)imagination and a reconstruction of the political and conceptual foundations of power, offers a viable pathway for addressing these impasses and envisioning effective solutions.
Poshegemonía y Subalternidad
Authors: Juárez González Alejandra
Published: January 2025

Procesos como el estallido social chileno, o las recientes protestas en Venezuela a raíz de los resultados electorales, son algunos de los muchos ejemplos en la historia reciente de Latinoamérica que nos indican el aparente agotamiento de los mecanismos tradicionales de la política estatal, así como de su léxico político. Bajo esta premisa surgió, en el seno del giro decolonial, la reflexión sobre le concepto de la poshegemonía. Este concepto apareció con el objetivo de repensar la hegemonía gramsciana desde los estudios culturales y decoloniales, para cuestionar la relación entre las clases dominantes y las dominadas. Para este fin, se desarrolló una serie de reflexiones teóricas que, partiendo de una amalgama de influencias de la filosofía política contemporánea, buscaban, a su vez, repensar los cauces de la política en el marco del Estado-nación, y que ponían en el centro de la reflexión a la figura de la subalternidad. El presente artículo ahonda en las influencias filosóficas de la poshegemonía, proporciona un análisis sobre la capacidad emancipatoria de dicho concepto en su carácter epistemológico y teórico, y concluye ciertas lecciones sobre la exploración conceptual en la que se embarcan los estudios latinoamericanos al lidiar con la realidad poscolonial y la transformación de la vida política en el subcontinente.
Empresas transnacionales, chantaje locacional y el “vacío jurídico” a partir de la teoría de Hans Jonas
Authors: Andrade Pedro G. G. , Juilão Janaína A.
Published: January 2025

Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de las empresas transnacionales, con especial enfoque en la “chantaje locacional” y el “vacío jurídico”, que les permite operar a menudo fuera del alcance efectivo de las regulaciones estatales. La chantaje locacional se refiere a la capacidad de estas empresas para presionar a los gobiernos locales mediante la amenaza de trasladar sus operaciones a países con condiciones más favorables, lo que genera una flexibilización de las leyes laborales, fiscales y ambientales. Esto no solo desafía la soberanía estatal, sino que exacerba las desigualdades globales, favoreciendo a las regiones desarrolladas y marginando a aquellas con menores conexiones al capital transnacional. El artículo aborda cómo el “vacío jurídico” alrededor de las actividades de las empresas transnacionales se puede entender a través de la ética de la responsabilidad de Hans Jonas. Según Jonas, la ética debe expandirse para considerar las consecuencias a largo plazo de las acciones humanas sobre el medio ambiente y las generaciones futuras. Asimismo, se introduce el concepto de “turboglobalización” de Gonçal Mayos, que describe una fase de globalización acelerada y descontrolada, donde las grandes empresas transnacionales utilizan su poder para moldear las políticas de los Estados en su favor, profundizando las desigualdades y debilitando la capacidad de los gobiernos para proteger los derechos de sus ciudadanos.
Sobre o projeto jusfilosófico de Joaquim Carlos Salgado
Authors: Horta José Luiz Borges
Published: January 2025

Todo filosofar, quando compreendido em marcos hegelianos, exige a prévia constituição de conhecimentos científicos, sobre os quais a Filosofia então se volta, como Saber de saberes. Ao tempo de Hegel, a Ciência do Direito (doutrina) — mesmo que buscasse remontar aos gregos e romanos, ou às muitas escolas de estudo e ensino jurídico emergentes com a criação das universidades medievais —, era ainda incipiente e insuficiente para alimentar uma Filosofia do Direito. Por isso, não foi possível a Hegel produzir uma Filosofia do Direito, mas uma Filosofia do Estado. Somente após o desenvolvimento das Ciências Jurídicas, nos séculos XIX e XX, o hegelianismo pôde encontrar na obra de Joaquim Carlos Salgado — filósofo brasileiro do Direito e do Estado, formado pelo introdutor dos estudos hegelianos no Brasil, Henrique Cláudio de Lima Vaz —, uma Filosofia (hegeliana) do Estado e do Direito. O texto reconstitui o itinerário lógico de aparecimento da Filosofia do Direito salgadiana, revelando na história do Direito, do pensamento jurídico e da Filosofia os principais passos necessários à construção de seu pensamento jusfilosófico. Ao redescobrir a obra de Salgado, o Autor é contextualizado no sistema universitário brasileiro e na escola de pensamento que lidera no Brasil por várias décadas — a Escola Jusfilosófica Mineira, sediada em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, sumarizada no texto para fins informativos —, e seu projeto jusfilosófico é então compreendido como um projeto hegeliano, por isso antes de uma Filosofia do Estado, concebido como Estado de Direito, para então desdobrar-se como uma Filosofia do Direito, centrada na primazia dos direitos fundamentais na arquitetura do Direito.
Las misiones de la discordia
Authors: Combès Isabelle
Published: January 2025

Se analiza aquí la poco conocida historia de la fundación de las misiones franciscanas de Cuevo e Ivo en el Chaco boliviano en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Sus actores son dos colegios franciscanos que compiten ferozmente entre sí, colonos criollos e indígenas vencidos, en medio de una disputa interdepartamental por la posesión de estos terrenos: una multitud de agentes locales enfrentados cuyo actuar sella el destino de una región en la que el Estado boliviano porfía, sin mucho éxito, en sentar presencia.
Libros de bautismos y padrones en las misiones jesuíticas del Paraguay (1754-1764). Propuesta para un análisis comparativo
Authors: Takeda Kazuhisa
Published: January 2025

El cacicazgo guaraní tuvo un rol fundamental en la vida cotidiana de las misiones jesuíticas de Paraguay (1609-1768). A través del análisis comparativo de un libro de bautismos de la reducción de Santa Rosa y un conjunto de padrones redactados a lo largo de los siglos XVII-XVIII, el presente artículo indaga en el rol del cacicazgo dentro de las misiones y estudia sus relaciones con el parentesco nativo. Se destaca, en particular, la presencia del padrino y la afiliación de los recién nacidos en la ceremonia del bautismo como elementos determinantes de la organización social misionera. La primera parte del artículo estudia las características del libro de bautismos en Europa y América. La segunda introduce un análisis detallado del documento, comparándolo con los padrones, para concluir determinando el rol jugado por los padrinos y la filiación.
Luces, attrezzo y estereotipos. Una reflexión en torno a los modos de representación de un tipo yucateco en México a través de los siglos
Authors: Suarez Sanchez Carlos Felipe
Published: January 2025

El artículo propone una revisión crítica del modo en el que se manipularon las imágenes de la serie de «tipos mayas» que ilustran la edición prínceps de México a través de los siglos (1884-1889). Para ello, se demuestra cómo la estampa en cuestión fue basada en una fotografía que se convirtió en xilografía. En dicho proceso, se produjeron modificaciones formales y simbólicas que buscaron exotizar la imagen al alterar el contexto original. La hipótesis es que estos cambios fueron intencionales y respondieron a un cruce de las fórmulas de representación de diversos individuos en el entramado editorial, propiciado por la cultura visual e impresa de finales del siglo XIX. Estas modificaciones evidencian una interesante tensión entre las decisiones de los escritores, en México, y las de los editores, en Barcelona, que despiertan dudas sobre las implicaciones de encargar la edición ilustrada de una historia nacional a una casa extranjera.
El pulso de la tradición y las formas de la diplomacia. La Academia Nacional de Bellas Artes de Argentina y la Colección Documentos de Arte Colonial Sudamericano
Authors: García Carla Guillermina
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo se detiene en la colección Documentos de Arte Colonial Sudamericano, publicada por la Academia Nacional de Bellas de Argentina entre los años 1943 y 1960. Se afirma la especificidad de esta colección respecto a otros proyectos editoriales impulsados por la institución, a partir del reconocimiento de aspectos puntuales que marcaron su producción y desarrollo: por un lado, la consolidación de un perfil diplomático que procuró construir intercambios con países de la región, como Bolivia, a partir de la difusión del patrimonio colonial; por otro, la postulación de una tradición cultural compartida que permitía reubicar la valoración del arte y la arquitectura nacional en la irradiación de las formas artísticas de los Andes sur-centrales.
Las hijas de Eva: la misión franciscana en clave femenina
Authors: Combès Isabelle
Published: January 2025

Este texto se interesa por las vivencias poco conocidas de las mujeres indígenas en las misiones franciscanas del Chaco boliviano en el siglo XIX e inicios del XX. Los franciscanos pusieron todas sus esperanzas en las mujeres a la hora de «civilizar» a sus neófitos. En consecuencia, estas mujeres, que a menudo recibían castigos corporales, aparecen sujetas por partida doble: como neófitas y como mujeres, y dependían de la voluntad de los misioneros hasta para casarse. Pese a su sometimiento, las mujeres indígenas lograron resistir y transmitir a sus hijos su cultura tradicional.
Desarrollo de competencias en IA para futuros docentes: una experiencia práctica creando narrativas interactivas
Authors: Cortés Gómez Sara , García-Pernía María Ruth , Chiwerto Callejo Lorena , Echeandía Sánchez Raquel
Published: January 2025

Los entornos educativos deben implementar los nuevos modelos tecnológicos presentes en la sociedad. Entre ellos, la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), para su uso pedagógico y desde la formación de los futuros docentes, quienes enseñarán estas herramientas a las nuevas generaciones. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar prácticas educativas con estudiantes de Magisterio para que adquieran las competencias básicas en la comprensión, práctica y uso de la IA.
Esta investigación muestra una experiencia desarrollada en una asignatura del Grado en Magisterio donde el alumnado ha creado narrativas interactivas utilizado la herramienta Twine, así como IA generativa para enriquecer sus historias. El análisis de datos se centra en examinar las 10 historias creadas por los diferentes grupos de trabajo, así como el proceso de creación y las respuestas obtenidas a los cuestionarios finales, donde podremos comprender las posibilidades ofrecidas por la IA, así como los aprendizajes adquiridos por el alumnado.
Como conclusión, la IA está irrumpiendo en los entornos educativos, por ello, formar al profesorado permitirá potenciar sus habilidades docentes y tecnológicas para que el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje con su futuro alumnado sea significativo y constructivo.
Poblament i despoblament a la Catalunya del Nord, segles xix i xx: un estat de la qüestió
Authors: Marty Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Aquest article pretén fer un estat de la qüestió relativa a l’evolució de la població a la Catalunya del Nord, és a dir, l’actual departament dels Pirineus Orientals, terra catalana annexada a França el 1659 i transformada en departament francès el 1790. Es pretén fer balanç dels treballs realitzats sobre la història de l’evolució del poblament i el despoblament d’aquest territori, a través d’una revisió dels treballs realitzats, la posada en valor de les fonts disponibles i la proposta dels treballs que s’han de dur a terme per aconseguir un coneixement profund d’aquests elements estructuradors de la història d’aquest territori, vinculant-lo a les comparacions i la historiografia catalana. L’article es construeix cronològicament al voltant de tres grans períodes: el primer, des de la Revolució Francesa fins al 1856, està marcat per un relatiu equilibri territorial i una població plena a les muntanyes occidentals; el segon, entre el 1856 i els anys cinquanta del segle passat, mostra l’aparició d’un important desequilibri amb el despoblament de les muntanyes i el creixement de la plana del Rosselló; l’últim, des dels anys seixanta del segle xx, es caracteritza per la metropolització al voltant de la ciutat de Perpinyà i la costa i canvis significatius en la naturalesa de la població.
From Dagongmei to Entrepreneurs: Unpacking the Emergence of Businesswomen in Shenzhen (1978–2000)
Authors: Jia Zheng Yuan
Published: January 2025

China's emergence as a global manufacturing leader has been well-documented, yet the role of Chinese women, particularly in private business activities, remains understudied. This paper explores the rise of female entrepreneurship during China’s economic reforms from 1978 to 2000, focusing on the special economic zone (SEZ) of Shenzhen, which became a hub for migrant female workers, known as Dagongmei (female workers). The central research question investigates how Dagongmei, despite facing challenging working conditions and gender inequality, transitioned from low-wage laborers to businesswomen within Shenzhen’s rapidly changing economic environment. This paper argues that, while these women endured unequal conditions, the open-market opportunities in Shenzhen motivated them to pursue further education and seek entrepreneurial ventures. A combination of macro- and microeconomic perspectives is used to analyze female labour participation in Shenzhen’s manufacturing sector, alongside social dimensions such as domestic responsibilities and educational backgrounds. The findings suggest that Shenzhen's business-friendly environment facilitated the emergence of a new class of businesswomen, contributing to China’s broader economic transformation. This study challenges prevailing narratives that view Dagongmei solely as victims of exploitation and instead highlights their role as active participants in shaping China’s entrepreneurial landscape.
Podcastellano: una propuesta de tareas para el desarrollo de las competencias fónicas en E/LE
Authors: Corrêa Lopes Quéfren Ramsés , Netto Brum Barreto Aline , Fonseca de Oliveira Aline
Published: January 2025

Este artículo aporta el diseño de tareas elaboradas para el desarrollo de las competencias fónicas (Cantero, 2014; 2008) de estudiantes brasileños de español como lengua extranjera (E/LE) de nivel intermedio. Se parte de la constatación de la insuficiencia de herramientas en los manuales de E/LE concernientes a la didáctica de la lengua oral (Blanco, 2014; Iruela, 1997) y de la observación de propuestas didácticas que subordinan la lengua oral a la lengua escrita (Bartolí Rigol, 2005; Iruela, 2004). Con el fin de contribuir con la disminución de las carencias identificadas, apoyándose en el enfoque centrado en la acción (Consejo de Europa, 2001; 2021) y el enfoque oral (Cantero, 2020) se propone una secuencia de tareas audiovisuales (previas, capacitadoras, posibilitadoras y final) (Cantero, 2019) diseñadas para el desarrollo de las competencias fónicas y una rúbrica de evaluación de las destrezas orales de forma integrada en el ámbito de la percepción, producción, interacción y mediación de textos orales. Se plantea como tarea final la creación de podcast bajo la temática de la “emergencia climática” considerando el incremento de discusiones a ese respecto en la prensa y la relevancia del tema en el contexto brasileño. Se espera con eso generar espacios de interacción significativa e intentar contribuir para ampliar las bases de la didáctica de la lengua oral.
Palabras clave: Competencias fónicas; Didáctica de la lengua oral; Enfoque oral; Enfoque centrado en la acción
Procesamiento del Análisis Melódico del Habla en el corpus PRESEEA (nivel alto): dificultades desde una propuesta computacional
Authors: Cabedo Nebot Adrián
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo explora el procesamiento computacional del análisis melódico del habla en un corpus de habla sociolingüístico, el corpus PRESEEA (nivel de instrucción alto). La investigación destaca la importancia de los entornos computacionales para el análisis fonético, centrándose en el estudio del tono, la intensidad, y la duración del habla y su relación con los grupos entonativos en español. Mediante herramientas avanzadas como Oralstats, se demuestra la eficacia de la metodología del Análisis Melódico del Habla (AMH) para el análisis fonético en grandes volúmenes de datos. A pesar de las ventajas de estas herramientas de procesamiento automático, el estudio también señala desafíos y limitaciones en la precisión y interpretación de los datos obtenidos. Los resultados enfatizan la complejidad de la prosodia y su variabilidad según factores sociolingüísticos, abriendo nuevas direcciones para futuras investigaciones en lingüística computacional y fonética.
Palabras clave: Análisis Melódico del Habla (AMH); Corpus PRESEEA; Prosodia; ORALSTATS; Español
Artistic Inactivism. Some Remarks on the Importance of Doing Nothing and Discussing Everything
Authors: Ertl Tobias
Published: January 2025

Arguably, one of the core impulses of modern art and of the 20th century avantgarde, was to abandon its contemplative nature and align itself with the productivist paradigm of industrial societies. In this paper, I will argue that by affirming work, production and social activity as the liberatory horizon of modernity, art conceals and naturalizes the fact that these concepts are themselves embedded in capitalist social relations. I will then turn to artistic gestures of inactivity and non-production to examine their critical potential within the framework of conceptual and postconceptual art practice. The examples I consider register the contradictions and shifts in contemporary social technologies and ideologies of labor and, in doing so, help establish (in)activity as a critical and problematic category. Through the temporality of inactivity, these gestures can serve as critical models for a different rationale of social production.
Ptolemy and Jābir b. Aflaḥ on Solar Eclipses
Authors: Bellver José
Published: January 2025

Abū Muḥammad Jābir b. Aflaḥ, a 12th-century Andalusian mathematician and astronomer, is recognized for his influential work al-Kitāb fī l-Hay ̓a, a work today better known as Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭī. Jābir b. Aflaḥ’s al-Kitāb fī l-Hay ̓a is a reedition of Ptolemy’s Almagest in which he also included a number of criticisms of Ptolemy’s work. The present study focuses on Jābir b. Aflaḥ’s criticisms of Ptolemy’s theory of solar eclipses, highlighting three key objections: two on Ptolemy’s choice of the mid-heaven instead of the mid-heaven of the ascendant to obtain the parallax in longitude and its effect on solar eclipses; and an additional one on Ptolemy’s treatment of the lunar parallax in latitude. While two of these criticisms appear unjustified, they offer insight into Jābir’s methodology and his reliance on defective or abridged manuscripts. Jābir’s novel approach, particularly in his use of the new trigonometry, together with his disregard for certain celestial motions, reveal both his mathematical strength and his limitations in practical astronomy. His failure to account for the Sun’s additional motion in the computations of solar eclipses further underscores his inexperience. Nevertheless, Jābir b. Aflaḥ emerges as a creative astronomer, whose work demonstrates a deep engagement with and unfrequent understanding of Ptolemy’s Almagest, albeit with notable oversights in the practical aspects of astronomy.
Necropolitics and Resilience in Sara Baume's Spill Simmer Falter Wither (2015)
Authors: Romero Vanesa Roldán
Published: January 2025

Abstract: This article delves into Sara Baume's Spill Simmer Falter Wither , offering a compelling critique of contemporary neoliberal necropolitics and the discourse of resilience in post-Celtic Tiger Ireland. Drawing from Achille Mbembe's concept of necropolitics and death-worlds, which grapples with the power to determine who lives and who dies, this article argues that the Irish poor have been unfairly burdened as scapegoats for the state's failures and political corruption. Central to the analysis is the protagonist's adoption of One Eye, a dog with a turbulent past, illustrating a transformative posthumanist alliance that challenges necropolitics and its resilience-driven rhetoric. The novel's exploration of ethical encounters and shared vulnerability among living beings provides fresh perspectives on pressing issues. As part of the growing scholarship on vulnerability and resilience in the humanities, this article highlights the relevance of literature in navigating these pressing themes.
Spatiotemporal patterns of individual and multiple simultaneous severe weather events co-occurring with power outages in the United States, 2018–2020
Authors: Do Vivian , Wilner Lauren B. , Flores Nina M. , McBrien Heather , Northrop Alexander J. , Casey Joan A.
Published: January 2025

In the United States, severe weather-driven power outages are increasing in frequency and duration, likely with health consequences. Previous studies examined individual severe weather events (e.g., heatwaves) and focused on large outages in metropolitan areas. Here, we described nationwide spatiotemporal patterns of individual (e.g., tropical cyclone alone) and simultaneous (e.g., tropical cyclone + anomalous heat) severe weather events co-occurring with 8+ hour outages. We used hourly county-level PowerOutage.us data from 2018–2020 to define 8+ hour outages as whenever the daily proportion of customers without power was ≥0.1% for ≥8 continuous hours. We conducted analyses at the daily and county (county-day) level and identified county-days with severe weather events, including anomalous cold, anomalous heat, anomalous precipitation, snowfall, tropical cyclones, and wildfire. Of 1,657 counties with reliable outage data, 1,205 (72.7%) experienced an 8+ hour outage co-occurring with an individual severe weather event, and 904 (54.6%) with multiple simultaneous severe weather events. Anomalous precipitation events co-occurring with outages were the most common, affecting 1,170 (70.6%) counties. These outages concentrated along the Gulf Coast, the Northeast, Michigan, and Southern California. Co-occurrence with anomalous heat happened the second most frequently, affecting 839 (50.6%) counties, mostly in Southeastern states. Among all county-days with a severe weather event, tropical cyclones–though rarer and primarily affecting the Eastern Seaboard–co-occurred with an 8+ hour outage 24% of the time. On the West Coast, wildfires were increasingly likely to co-occur with weather-related outages from 2018–2020. Among multiple simultaneous weather events, 8+ hour outages co-occurred with anomalous precipitation-anomalous heat on 1,155 county-days in 40 states, anomalous precipitation-tropical cyclone on 705 county-days in 24 states, and anomalous cold-snowfall on 259 county-days in 27 states. Our results can help guide efforts to strengthen the electricity grid, prepare communities for multi-hazard events, and allocate resources for adaptation and recovery.
High prevalence of undocumented SARS-CoV-2 infections revealed by analysis of nucleocapsid-specific IgG responses in diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals
Authors: Blom Kim , Galanis Ilias , Bacchus Philip , Sondén Klara , Bujila Ioana , Efimova Tatiana , Garli Fredrik , Mansjö Mikael , Movert Elin , Pettke Aleksandra , Rapp Marie , Sperk Maike , Söderholm Sandra , Valentin Asin Karin , Zanetti Sarah , Gisslén Magnus , Bråve Andreas , Groenheit Ramona , Klingström Jonas
Published: January 2025

Acute SARS-CoV-2 infections are not always diagnosed; hence an unknown proportion of all infections are not documented. SARS-CoV-2 can induce spike and nucleocapsid protein specific IgG antibodies, which can be detected in seroprevalence studies to identify a previous infection. However, with the introduction of vaccines containing the spike protein it is no longer possible to use spike-IgG as a marker of infection. In many countries marketed vaccines do not include the nucleocapsid protein, allowing the use of nucleocapsid-specific IgG (N-IgG) as a specific marker for previous infection. Importantly however, not all SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals develop detectable N-IgG responses and there are reports of waning of N-IgG titers in previously infected individuals, complicating the use of N-IgG in seroprevalence studies. Here, our aim was to investigate N-IgG as a marker for previous infection. To this end we analyzed a well characterized cohort (n = 2,583; sampled in March, 2022), including 612 participants with a previously diagnosed and documented SARS-CoV-2-infection. We show that 75% (460/612) of the confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected participants were N-IgG positive, and that the frequency of seropositivity was stable for at least 105 weeks after the latest documented SARS-CoV-2-infection. Among participants with no documented SARS-CoV-2-infection, 32.6% (642/1971) were N-IgG-positive, suggesting a previous infection. Assuming similar frequency of N-IgG-seronegative cases in previously diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals we further estimate that 214 of the 1329 undiagnosed and N-IgG-negative cases had been previously infected, indicating a total infection rate of 56.8% (1,468/2,583), clearly higher than the documented 23.7% rate of infection, in this cohort. In conclusion, our results suggest that while N-IgG is a good marker of previous SARS-CoV-2-infection the large proportion of previously infected N-IgG-negative individuals introduces a risk for underestimations of total level of previously infected individuals in a population. Accounting for this dark number of undiagnosable cases can provide better estimates of total level of infected individuals in a population.
Impact of high body mass index on hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic liver disease: A population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Moonho , Jun Baek Gyu , Shin Hwang Sik , Yi Jee-Jeon , Kim Sang Gyune , Yi Sang-Wook
Published: January 2025

Background and aims

We investigated associations between body mass index (BMI) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B (HBV) C (HCV) virus infection, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cirrhosis (LC).

Methods

We followed 350,608 Korean patients with liver disease who underwent routine health examinations from 2003–2006 until December 2018 via national hospital discharge records. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) per 5-kg/m2 BMI increase (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) for HCC risk were calculated using Cox models. HCC developed in 17,752 patients.

Results

The HRs (95% CI) were 1.17 (1.06–1.28), 1.08 (0.87–1.34), 1.34 (1.14–1.58), 1.51 (1.17–1.94), and 1.11 (1.00–1.23) for HBV, HCV, ALD, NAFLD, and LC, respectively. The HRs for HBV were 1.45 (1.23–1.70) and 1.06 (0.95–1.19) in women and men, respectively; the corresponding HRs for LC were 1.27 (1.07–1.50) and 1.02 (0.90–1.16), respectively. In patients <65 years old with HBV, HCV, and NAFLD, the HRs were 1.17 (1.07–1.29), 1.33 (1.03–1.73), and 1.20 (0.87–1.64), respectively; the corresponding HRs were 1.05 (0.70–1.59), 0.74 (0.50–1.10), and 2.40 (1.62–3.54), respectively, in patients ≥65 years old. A BMI of 27.5–29.9 kg/m2 showed significantly higher HCC risks in patients with HBV, ALD, NAFLD, and LC.

Conclusions

Higher BMIs were associated with increased HCC risks in patients with HBV, ALD, NAFLD, and LC. Overweight status increased HCC risk. Women with HBV and LC had stronger BMI-HCC associations than men. The effect of high BMI was stronger in older patients with NAFLD and younger patients with viral hepatitis.
High diversity of fungal ecological groups from ice-free pristine and disturbed areas in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica
Authors: Garnica Sigisfredo , Soto-Rauch Genaro , Leffler Ellen M. , Núñez Christian , Gómez-Espinoza Jonhatan , Romero Enzo , Ahumada-Rudolph Ramón , Cabrera-Pardo Jaime R.
Published: January 2025

Ice-free areas are habitats for most of Antarctica’s terrestrial biodiversity. Although fungal communities are an important element of these habitats, knowledge of their assemblages and ecological functions is still limited. Herein, we investigated the diversity, composition, and ecological functionality of fungal communities inhabiting sediments from ice-free areas across pristine and anthropogenically impacted sites in the Fildes Peninsula on King George Island, Antarctica. Samples were collected from both pristine and disturbed areas. We used the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region via Illumina sequencing of 34 sediment samples for fungal identification. The Ascomycota (14.6%) and Chytridiomycota (11.8%) were the most dominant phyla, followed by Basidiomycota (8.1%), Rozellomycota (7.0%), Mucoromycota (4.0%), while 34.9% of the fungal diversity remained unidentified. From a total of 1073 OTUs, 532 OTUs corresponded to 114 fungal taxa at the genus level, and 541 OTUs remained unassigned taxonomically. The highest diversity, with 18 genera, was detected at site A-3. At the genus level, there was no preference for either pristine or disturbed sites. The most widely distributed genera were Betamyces (Chytridiomycota), occurring in 29 of the 34 sites, and Thelebolus (Ascomycota), detected in 8 pristine sites and 7 disturbed sites. The Glomeraceae gen. incertae sedis was more common in disturbed sites. A total of 23 different ecological guilds were recorded, with the most abundant guilds being undefined saprotrophs, plant pathogens, plant saprotrophs, pollen saprotrophs, and endophytes. The fungal communities did not show significant differences between pristine and disturbed sites, suggesting that the anthropogenic impact is either not too intense or prolonged, that the spatial distance between the sampled sites is small, and/or that the environmental factors are similar. Although our study revealed a high fungal diversity with various ecological specializations within these communities, nearly one-third of the diversity could not be assigned to any specific taxonomic category. These findings highlight the need for further taxonomic research on fungal species inhabiting ice-free areas. Without identifying the species present, it is difficult to assess potential biodiversity loss due to environmental changes and/or human activities.
How belief in a just world shapes academic engagement among Chinese college art majors: A cross-level moderated mediation model
Authors: Li Jia , Bai Junqing , Ouyang Lixia , Lin He
Published: January 2025

The belief in a just world (BJW) is perceived as an individual trait that aids in coping with challenges. This study employed Mplus8.0 and HLM6.08 to analyze 346 questionnaire responses, leading to the following conclusions: (1) BJW shows a positive correlation with academic engagement among college art majors; (2) Academic resilience mediates the relationship between BJW and academic engagement for college art majors; (3) The teacher-student relationship (TSR) exhibits a positive correlation with academic engagement among college art majors; (4) TSR functions as a moderator in the relationship between BJW and academic engagement among college art majors. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing learning efficiency and talent development in art schools, thereby contributing to the overall quality of education for art students.
AI enabled, mobile soil pH classification with colorimetric paper sensors for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Ademir , Ohta Ricardo Luis , Tirapu Azpiroz Jaione , Esteves Ferreira Matheus , Marçal Daniel Vitor , Botelho André , Coppola Tulio , Melo de Oliveira Allysson Flavio , Bettarello Murilo , Schneider Lauren , Vilaça Rodrigo , Abdool Noorunisha , Junior Vanderlei , Furlaneti Wellington , Malanga Pedro Augusto , Steiner Mathias
Published: January 2025

For optimizing production yield while limiting negative environmental impact, sustainable agriculture benefits from real-time, on-the-spot chemical analysis of soil at low cost. Colorimetric paper sensors are ideal candidates, however, their automated readout and analysis in the field is needed. Using mobile technology for paper sensor readout could, in principle, enable the application of machine-learning models for transforming colorimetric data into threshold-based classes that represent chemical concentration. Such a classification method could provide a basis for soil management decisions where high-resolution lab analysis is not required or available. In tropical regions, where reliable soil data is difficult to acquire, this approach would be particularly useful. Here, we report a mobile chemical analysis system based on colorimetric paper sensors that operates under tropical field conditions. A standard smartphone equipped with a dedicated software application automatically classifies the paper sensor results into three classes—low, medium, or high soil pH—which provides a basis for soil correction. The classification task is performed by a machine-learning model which was trained on the colorimetric pH indicators deployed on the paper sensor. By mapping topsoil pH on a test site with an area of 9 hectares, the mobile system was benchmarked in the field against standard soil lab analysis. The mobile system has correctly classified soil pH in 97% of test cases, while reducing the analysis turnaround time from days (soil lab) to minutes (mobile). By performing on-the-spot analyses using the mobile system in the field, a 9-fold increase of spatial resolution reveals pH-variations not detectable in the standard compound mapping mode of lab analysis. We discuss how the mobile analysis can support smallholder farmers and enable sustainable agriculture practices by avoiding excessive soil correction. The system can be extended to perform multi-parameter chemical tests of soil nutrients for applications in environmental monitoring at marginal manufacturing cost.
From Scandi noir to Tassie noir: Victoria Madden’s adapting auteurship of noir in Australian television
Authors: Brammer Rebekah
Published: January 2025

Tasmanian writer/producer Victoria Madden has made no secret of the influence of Scandinavian noir (also known as Nordic noir) on her work. After working in the United Kingdom and Ireland on several prestige television productions, Madden moved back to her native Tasmania and created two locally set and shot limited television series: The Kettering Incident (2016) and The Gloaming (2020). These well-received crime series – dubbed ‘Tassie noir’ by the local press – have staked out a place within the wider emerging genre of Australian noir and the perennially popular global television crime market. The Tasmanian landscape lends itself to comparison with Scandi and other European ‘noirs’ (such as Scots noir) due to its climate and topography, as well as for depicting crime narratives set in remote or marginal places. Looming mountains, treacherous coastlines and cold, rainy weather all contribute to their gothic-noir style. This article will examine Madden’s two programmes in comparison with two classic Scandi noir series, Forbrydelsen (The Killing) (2007–12) and Bron | Broen (The Bridge) (2011–18), tracing commonalties in narrative construction, character, mood and the use of landscape.
Reproductive conscription and eugenic horror in Hulu’s adaptation of The Handmaid’s Tale
Authors: Kennard Mel
Published: January 2025

First released in 1985, Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale has since become a seminal work of feminist speculative fiction. Set in the former United States, the fictionalized Republic of Gilead presents a terrifying reproductive theocracy in which all women are subjugated and fertile women are forcibly conscripted into biological slavery. Often satirical and wry, the novel has been celebrated for its depictions of biological essentialism which reduces the titular Handmaids to the status of reproductive vessels for the state. Such representations of biological essentialism define Atwood’s novel as a work of eugenic fiction which echoes the policies and practices of reproductive control that dominated the early eugenics movement in the first half of the twentieth century. Furthering this connection is the novel’s use of botanical and agricultural metaphors that continually liken women to both fertile plants and breeding stock, reflecting the language employed in early eugenic rhetoric. In transforming the novel for television, the Hulu adaptation of The Handmaid’s Tale (2017–present) extends such metaphors, visually literalizing them to create a work of eugenic horror, which violently and emphatically depicts the consequences of reducing women to their reproductive capacity. In doing this, the television adaptation not only heightens its source text’s eugenic themes but also provides a space in which to reframe Atwood’s Handmaid protagonist, Offred, reconfiguring her as the horror genre’s Final Girl, who not only survives the eugenic horror to which she is subjected but also overcomes it.
Transición justa y garantía de un tiempo de trabajo “saludable”
Authors: Igartua Miró María Teresa
Published: January 2025

La transición justa plantea una serie de retos y de oportunidades y aparece fuertemente ligada al concepto de trabajo decente. Dada su centralidad en el desarrollo de la actividad laboral no puede dejarse de lado una reflexión sobre las fronteras entre el tiempo de trabajo y el tiempo “privado” y sus nuevos significados. El permanente debate sobre la jornada de trabajo, en su faceta cuantitativa (reducción) o distributiva, no debe dar la espalda a las premisas de ajuste al principio de dignidad humana, con un papel central de la construcción de una noción de tiempo de trabajo saludable. Junto a los tradicionales límites temporales de exposición a riesgos laborales específicos surgen con fuerza garantías como la jornada mínima, la previsibilidad y la utilización de fórmulas de trabajo flexible como medidas preventivas incluidas en la obligación de garantizar la salud y seguridad laborales.