bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los órganos constitucionales autónomos del Estado de Oaxaca.
Authors: Cordero Torres Jorge Martín
Published: March 2024

El presente artículo es un estudio de los entes dotados de autonomía constitucional del estado de Oaxaca. Es necesario enfatizar que el origen de los órganos constitucionales autónomos se encuentra en las transformaciones contemporáneas que ha tenido el principio de la división de poderes. El objetivo es analizar y exponer la diversidad de su naturaleza jurídica, tipos de autonomía con los que cuentan. Se presenta una clasificación desde el punto de vista jurídico administrativo. Así como los mecanismos de elección de sus titulares Encontramos una dispersión de los entes en el texto constitucional, otros bajo un título común. Así también, órganos del Poder Ejecutivo y Legislativo, pero autónomos, con funciones de colaboración y coordinación. 
EL MIEDO A LA DEMOCRACIA. Desafecciones, subversiones y resistencias al gobierno de las mayorías en el pensamiento político de la modernidad
Authors: Cansino César
Published: March 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar las desafecciones, subversiones y resistencias al gobierno de las mayorías en el pensamiento político de la modernidad y su impacto en las emergentes sociedades de la modernidad temprana. Para ello, el autor profundiza en la dialéctica acción/reacción a través de la cual se han forjado los valores de la modernidad, incluyendo la libertad, la igualdad y la fraternidad.
EL DELITO DE PIRATERÍA EN EL MEDITERRÁNEO Y ADRIÁTICO
Authors: Lara Martínez Rafael
Published: March 2024

La presente investigación es la continuación del análisis legal del delito de piratería en altamar en todo el mundo, ahora focalizado en los ataques piráticos en el mar Adriático, Mediterráneo y el Egeo; pero sin abarcar España y Francia, ni los países africanos debido a ya haber sido abordados en una investigación diversa, y que ello implicaría una extensión impermisible al presente. Contextualizado lo anterior, primeramente se citarán los casos más notables históricamente, que al caso fueron en lo que ahora es Grecia, Roma y Turquía; posteriormente se abordará el estudio de los códigos penales de todos los países que conformar la zona ya referida, para exponer la premisas de sus respectivos tipos penales, así como señalar cuales naciones no tienen tipificado nominalmente este delito y si de ellos se puede verificar algún tipo penal que, por sus premisas acotadas, lo tenga regulado bajo otra nomenclatura. Debe hacerse mención que las referencias del tema son tan amplías como diversas en su idioma respectivo, ya que no son del habla hispana; no obstante, fueron seleccionadas aquellas consideradas como más eficaces.
Niño sicario: la opinión pública y la construcción del sujeto colectivo infantilizado
Authors: Gonzalez Ortiz Felipe , Osorio Ballesteros Abraham
Published: March 2024

La opinión pública alrededor de los niños delincuentes construye mentalidades colectivas mediante hilos bio-sociales que se realizan a través de la emotividad. Se analizan, aquí, las formas de este procedimiento, utilizado por los medios televisivos, encontrado, como producto de esta investigación, un patrón que se describe por seis pasos: 1) presentación escandalosa del suceso y su personaje; 2) se usa el habla del niño sicario; 3) se acude a las estadísticas en torno al suceso; 4) se les da la palabra a los expertos (sociólogos, psicólogos, etcétera); 5) se proporcionan conclusiones generales y 6) se abandona al personaje. Así, las formas estilísticas de la edición de la información alrededor de los niños sicarios, constituye un metalenguaje que incuba en la sociedad como tipificaciones mentales de vinculación con lo real. Metodológicamente observamos el manejo televisivo de distintos casos hasta identificar el patrón de presentación del niño sicario para posteriormente problematizarlo como insumo para la construcción colectiva sobre lo real como tipificación, entendido esto como componentes bio-sociales.
Study and Performance Evaluation of Brain MRI Images Using Aartificial Intelligence
Authors: Pornima B. Niranjane  , Vaishali B. Niranjane  , Krushil M. Punwatkar
Published: March 2024

The limits and potential of medical imaging are expanded by artificial intelligence. Therefore, in an effort to improve the performance and accuracy of diagnosing brain abnormalities, researchers are constantly working to create an effective and automated diagnosis method. Tumour identification and diagnosis have been achieved by the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Medical professionals can identify and categorise tumours as normal or abnormal with the aid of digital image processing. This research focuses on various neural networks for brain MRI tumour and non-tumour image categorization and confusion matrix performance evaluation. Otsu's thresholding approach is used for segmentation out of all the segmentation techniques. For feature extraction, a grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is employed. The classification techniques utilized in this study produce the necessary results in terms of confusion matrix parameters, which may be used to assess the classifier's performance in terms of F1 score, accuracy, sensitivity, and precision.
Partnership Planning For M and E and Performance of Public Agricultural Projects in Galana Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Dennis Rioba Ocharo
Published: March 2024

Performance of public agricultural projects in Galana, Kilifi County is viewed in terms of food security, reduction in food prices, creation of jobs through production, agro-processing, packaging, distribution, exportation and tourism. Success of M&E System among pioneer countries of Australia, Chile, Colombia and China is attributed to Partnership planning for M&E. In as much as the Kenyan constitution recognizes the right of every person to be free from hunger and have adequate food of acceptable quality and quantity, vision 2030 aims to make Kenya a rapidly industrializing country by 2030 seems unrealistic since performance of public agricultural projects in Kenya is marred with food insecurity, rising food prices, poverty due to lack of employment in growth of agro-processing, packaging, distribution, exportation and tourism industries. The purpose of this study was to establish how Partnership Planning for M&E influence performance of public agricultural projects in Galana Kilifi County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to assess the extent to which partnership planning for M&E influence performance of public agricultural projects in Galana, Kilifi county, Kenya. The significance of the study is of the sense that the government, farmers, extension agents and the community are expected to benefit from this study since the components of Partnership planning for M&E will optimize productivity, enhance effective resource management and achieve the agenda of food security. The study adopted pragmatic paradigm with mixed methods research approach, using descriptive survey research design and correlation. A total of 226 research respondents, composed of 21 senior level managers, 82 middle level managers and 123 junior level managers, participated in the study drawn from a population of 550 respondent guided by Krejcie and Morgan theory of sample size determination. Self-administered questionnaires and an interview guide was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. To ensure validity and reliability of the research instruments, pilot testing was conducted prior among 23 participants. Cronbach’s alpha at α =0.870 was attained as the reliability coefficient of the pre-test retest of instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Simple and multiple linear regression and Pearson Correlation Coefficient models were used to determine the extent to which Partnership Planning for M&E influence performance of public agricultural projects. Tests of statistical assumptions were carried out before data analysis to avoid invalidation of statistical analysis. The hypothesis was tested at α=0.05 level of significance. Results shows that: 1.HO: Partnership planning for M&E does not significantly influence performance of public agricultural projects was rejected since P-value=0.000<0.05. The study concluded that there is a significant influence of partnership planning for M&E on the performance of public agricultural projects.
The Association of Family Income, Birth Length, and Energy Intake with The Incidence of Stunting in Cibungbulang Sub-District
Authors: Rina Efiyanna  , Meilinasari  , Fairuz Dhia Rabbani
Published: March 2024

Stunting is a developmental disorder in toddlers characterized by H/A index z-score of less than -2SD. Based on the results of SSGI 2022, the prevalence of stunting among toddlers in Bogor Regency reached 24.9 percent. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family income, birth length, and energy intake with the incidence of stunting among toddlers in Cibungbulang District. The sample was 151 toddlers aged 24 – 59 months who were selected by systematic random sampling. Intake data were collected with 24-hour food recall, stunting by measuring heights, and other data were collected by interview using questionnaires. Most of the toddlers were male (57.6%) with fathers aged >35 year (58.3%) and graduated from senior high school (34,4%) and mothers aged 21 – 35 years (70.2%) with high school diploma or its equivalent (34.4%). Most of the children-under-five had families with income below the regional minimum wage (88.1%), normal birth length (80.8%), adequate and excessive energy intake (53.6%). A total of 41.7 percent of toddlers were stunted. There were significant relationships between family income (p=0.022), birth length (p=0.040), and energy intake (p=0.040) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers (p<0.05). It can be concluded that family income, birth length, and energy intake are related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24 – 59 months in Cibungbulang District. Maternal nutrition intake needs to be monitored carefully during pregnancy and home food gardening program should be promoted to increase food availability and income thus ensuring optimal children development.
Development of a Consumer Reported Outcome Measure for Personal Care Products : The Rationale
Authors: Robert Falcone  , Nkiruka Umaru  , Bozena Michniak-Kohn  , Sam Salek
Published: March 2024

Cosmetic products are one of the fastest-growing segments of personal care products in the United States. One of the critical elements in the sales and growth of cosmetics is leveraging claims. Unlike pharmaceuticals in the US, claims in personal care products are usually not reviewed nor require regulatory approvals before products are sold in the US. However, regulatory agencies have no oversight of how the advertisement is presented to the consumers and have cited known companies and brands for promoting deceptive advertising and forcing costly market withdrawal, impacting the financial values of investors and customers' confidence alike.
A unidade imaginária descrita como uma ambiguidade algébrica
Authors: Morais Cláudio Marcelo
Published: March 2024

Um número complexo é formado por uma parte real e uma parte imaginária, sendo esta última composta por um número real multiplicado pela unidade imaginária “i“, definida como a raiz quadrada de. Por essa razão os números imaginários não podem ser inseridos na reta dos números reais. A representação geométrica dos números complexos é feita no chamado plano complexo, composto de um eixo real e de um eixo imaginário, ortogonal à reta real. Entretanto, do ponto de vista filosófico, o fato do eixo imaginário não estar identificado com nenhum eixo no espaço euclidiano tridimensional, suscita questões ontológicas que transcendem o formalismo matemático bem estabelecido do conjunto dos números complexos: seriam os números imaginários apenas um sofisma, uma invenção arbitrária ou uma verdadeira descoberta matemática? Seriam os números imaginários o vislumbre de uma realidade paralela que está além da nossa percepção? Neste artigo, procuro demonstrar que a unidade imaginária pode ser interpretada como uma ambiguidade algébrica que surge ao se representar certos vetores do plano real como variáveis unidimensionais. Consequentemente, veremos como é possível expressar os números complexos a partir dos números reais.
Службово-бойова діяльність Державної прикордонної служби України: запрошення до дискусії
Authors:   Національна академія державної прикордонної служби України імені Богдана Хмельницького, Халимон Сергій , Пузирьов Михайло ,   Національна академія державної прикордонної служби України імені Богдана Хмельницького
Published: March 2024

Стаття присвячена постановці проблеми щодо розуміння оперативно-службової та службово-бойової діяльності Держприкордонслужби в умовах ведення воєнних (бойових) дій. У статті розглядаються актуальні аспекти функціонування та виклики, з якими стикається Держприкордонслужба в умовах збройної агресії росії у частині правового регулювання реалізації її функцій. Запропоновано до обговорення в експертному середовищі проблеми законодавчого унормування проблемних питань, що виникають у процесі застосування сил і засобів Держприкордонслужби під час безпосереднього ведення воєнних (бойових) дій. Констатується, що Держприкордонслужба є правоохоронним органом спеціального призначення, проте наділена військовими функціями, діяльність якого спрямовується та координується МВС. Наявність військових функцій дає підстави для введення у нормативно-правовий обіг такої дефініції, як «службово-бойова діяльність». Службово-бойова діяльність характеризуватиме виконання Держприкордонслужбою завдань у звичайних умовах – «службова діяльність», а в умовах загострення оперативної обстановки (воєнний стан) – «бойова діяльність». Акцентується увага на тому, що не всі органи і підрозділи Держприкордонслужби виконують бойові завдання у широкому їх розумінні, що потребує виділення у її структурі окремих бойових підрозділів, основним призначенням яких буде виконання виключно бойових завдань. У статті розглядається важлива проблема діяльності Держприкордонслужби, констатується її актуальність у сучасному контексті, демонструючи потребу в пошуку нових рішень та підходів для зміцнення прикордонної безпеки України. Звертається увага на необхідності кодифікації законодавства про державний кордон України. Ключові слова: Державна прикордонна служба України; Національна гвардія України; оперативно-службова діяльність; службово-бойова діяльність; правове регулювання; воєнні (бойові) дії.
Кримінальна відповідальність за одержання неправомірної вигоди службовими особами на державному кордоні України
Authors:   Національна поліція України, Задніченко Сергій
Published: March 2024

Прийняття пропозиції, обіцянки або одержання неправомірної вигоди службовою особою (ст. 368 КК України) відноситься до числа досить поширених кримінальних правопорушень у сфері службової діяльності та професійної діяльності, пов’язаної з наданням публічних послуг. Особливо це стосується одержання неправомірної вигоди службовими особами на державному кордоні України. Одержання неправомірної вигоди – це прийняття службовою особою неправомірної вигоди для себе чи третьої особи за вчинення або не вчинення в інтересах того, хто надає неправомірну вигоду, чи в інтересах третьої особи будь-якої дії з використанням наданої їй влади, покладених на неї організаційно-розпорядчих або адміністративно-господарських функцій, або таких, які вона не уповноважена була вчинювати, але до вчинення яких іншими службовими особами могла вжити заходів через своє службове становище. Передбачено одержання неправомірної вигоди в будь-якій формі, оскільки відповідальність за одержання неправомірної вигоди настає тільки за умови, якщо службова особа одержала її за виконання чи невиконання в інтересах того, хто надає таку неправомірну вигоду, або третьої особи будь-якої дії з використанням наданої їй влади чи службового становища. Способи вчинення корупційних кримінальних правопорушень службовими особами державної прикордонної служби України, а саме на одержання неправомірної вигоди: Одержання неправомірної вигоди складом прикордонних нарядів, які безпосередньо виконують завдання з охорони державного кордону України, за невжиття заходів контролю за дотриманням режиму державного кордону та прикордонного режиму; Зловживання посадовими особами наданими їм повноваженнями щодо встановлення заходів прикордонного режиму та контролю за їх дотриманням щодо вчинення корупційних кримінальних правопорушень; Зловживання уповноважених посадових осіб під час проведення перевірки виконання іноземцями, особами без громадянства умов перетинання державного кордону у разі в'їзду в Україну, виїзду з України та транзитного проїзду територією України; Одержання неправомірної вигоди посадовою особою за надання дозволу на незаконне вивезення дитини; Одержання складом прикордонних нарядів у пунктах пропуску (пунктах контролю) неправомірної вигоди під час перевірки наявності діючого на території України договору обов'язкового страхування цивільно-правової відповідальності власників наземних транспортних засобів, які перетинають державний кордон України; Одержання неправомірної вигоди уповноваженими службовими особами Держприкордонслужби за надання переваг у перетинанні державного кордону особам, транспортним засобам та вантажам, а також не притягнення до відповідальності за невиконання заходів режиму в пункті пропуску.
НАПРЯМКИ РОЗВИТКУ БАНКІВСЬКОГО КРЕДИТУВАННЯ ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ У СФЕРІ ЖИТЛОВОГО БУДІВНИЦТВА УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ
Authors: Роговий Андрій , Євтушенко Юрій
Published: March 2024

Стаття присвячена дослідженню напрямів розвитку банківського кредитування домогосподарств у сфері житлового будівництва в умовах цифрової економіки. Обґрунтовано важливість банківського кредитування домогосподарств у функціонуванні банківського сектора, фінансового ринку та національної економіки. Визначено важливу роль банківського кредитування домогосподарств в розвитку сфери житлового будівництва, що дозволяє створити умови для забезпечення житлом населення держави. Виокремлено особливості банківського кредитування домогосподарств, які забезпечують умови для прискореного доступу до фінансових ресурсів, розвитку житлового будівництва та формують потенціал розвитку житлової сфери. Ключову роль у майбутньому розвитку банківського кредитування домогосподарств будуть відігравати процеси подальшої цифровізації національної економіки.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СНЕКОВИХ БАТОНЧИКІВ У СКЛАДІ СУХИХ ПАЙКІВ ДЛЯ ВІЙСЬКОВОСЛУЖБОВЦІВ
Authors: Черевична Наталія , Грін Наталія , Герошенко Інна
Published: March 2024

Снекові батончики набувають все більшої популярності у світі як серед населення, так і у продуктових наборах для харчування військовослужбовців. Ці вироби, як правило, дрібновагові, упаковані в індивідуальне пакування, мають тривалий термін зберігання, зручні у використанні. У статті проведено аналіз армійських наборів іноземного виробництва та виявлено, що більшість з них у своєму складу мають енергетичні цільнозлакові снекові батончики для перекусу. Досліджено перспективи розроблення рецептурного складу та технології снекових батончиків підвищеної харчової та енергетичної цінності, багатих на вітамінно-мінеральні компоненти, і доцільність включення їх у раціон сухих пайків для військовослужбовців. Наведено результати оцінювання якості розроблених виробів порівняно з продуктами-аналогами вітчизняного виробництва.
Optimizing the Role of Islamic Education and Tongkonan in Strengthening Religious Harmony in Tana Toraja
Authors: Muttaqin Zaenal , Mahmud M. Nasir , Muhdina Darwis , Razaq Abdul Rahim
Published: March 2024

Tongkonan, for the people of Tana Toraja, is a source of reference for religious peace with the values of siangga, sikamali, sipakaborok, and sialamase. The noble values in Tongkonan are also noble values in Islamic education, so it can be said that there has been a merger of positive values in the climate of religious harmony and tolerance among the indigenous people of Tana Toraja so that religious resilience can reduce tension and opportunities for religious violence. This research uses a qualitative ethnographic approach. The data sources for this research are officials of the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the Head of Madrasah, the Sub-District Head, and Toraja Traditional Guardians. Furthermore, the data collection methods are observation, interviews, documentation, and reference searches. Then, data processing and analysis techniques are carried out through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are that the government and related partners from community organisations should: 1) improve the quality of formal education through schools and madrasahs with a curriculum loaded with religious harmony and tolerance. 2) Increase the role of Islamic education in fostering harmony by stimulating a culture of harmony and tolerance among students and the Islamic community in Tana Toraja as an object of non-formal education. 3) Strengthening the role of Tongkonan as a medium for learning religious harmony and tolerance in the Toraja community through training
EDUKASI MANFAAT LITERASI MEMBACA DAN MENULIS DI SMK PGRI 3 BOGOR
Authors: Komalasari Andriyani Siti , Riani Desmy
Published: March 2024

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) PGRI 3 Bogor Kecamatan Bogor Utara. Permasalahan yang muncul di sekolah ini terkait kurangnya minat membaca siswa dan rendahnya minat menulis. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut maka diperlukan suatu kegiatan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan tersebut. Salah satu program yang bisa mengembangkan keterampilan membaca dan menulis ini ialah kegiatan Edukasi Manfaat Literasi Membaca dan Menulis. Kegiatan literasi memang merujuk pada kemampuan dasar seseorang dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja otak karena sering digunakan untuk kegiatan membaca dan menulis. Dengan membaca seseorang terbantu untuk melihat permasalahan dari sudut pandang dan menganggapnya sebagai tantangan yang harus diselesaikan. Ada banyak manfaat membaca, di antaranya membantu pengembangan pemikiran dan menjernihkan cara berfikir, meningkatkan pengetahuan, meningkatkan memori dan pemahaman. Dengan sering membaca, seseorang mengembangkan kemampuan untuk memproses ilmu pengetahuan, mempelajari berbagai disiplin ilmu, dan menerapkan dalam hidup. Budaya literasi membaca bukanlah sebuah hal mudah untuk dibangun karena butuh kesadaran dan semangat untuk membawa perubahan. Literasi membaca bukanlah sekedar kegiatan membaca biasa melainkan sebuah kegiatan yang bisa membangun budaya itu sendiri.
SOSIALISASI BULAN IMUNISASI ANAK NASIONAL DAN EDUKASI PENTINGNYA IMUNISASI DASAR LENGKAP PADA ANAK DI DESA CIBANTENG
Authors: Maulani Denia , Ristianti Diah Ayu , Yasfa Maria
Published: March 2024

Community Service Program (KKN) is a student service activity for the community in certain areas. The KKN locations that are the main targets of community service activities are Kp. Babakan Panday RW 07 Cibanteng Village, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency. One of the important things that is difficult to get attention from the residents is the basic immunization coverage in the area which is still low. This is due to the lack of knowledge of citizens about the importance of complete basic immunization in children. Residents are worried about the side effects that arise after their child is immunized, such as fever, swelling of the skin at the injection site, the child looks tired, and cranky. The method of service carried out in Efforts to Increase Complete Basic Immunization Coverage for Children in RW 07 Cibanteng Village, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency, namely by holding a Health Seminar with the theme "Success of National Child Immunization Month Through Education on the Importance of Complete Basic Immunization in Children". With this counseling, parents can find out the benefits of immunization and the importance of complete basic immunization for children. So that it can increase the interest of the community in RW 07 to take their children to the posyandu and get basic immunizations.
La naturalización del consumo de la carne y algunos problemas de la investigación científica
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Occidente, Corona Ochoa Jesús Octavio
Published: March 2024

Las investigaciones científicas buscan producir conocimiento objetivo que nos sirva para comprender el mundo, resolver las dudas y las problemáticas que enfrentamos en sociedad. Este tipo de conocimiento ha impactado profundamente nuestra concepción sobre el mundo y sobre nosotros mismos con efectos tanto positivos como negativos. Piénsese, por ejemplo, en la teoría de la evolución, que nos aportó una explicación sobre la diversidad de especies existentes y se integró al acervo intelectual humano como una convención social estableciendo mandatos teleológicos, estéticos y éticos sobre lo que deberíamos de hacer para “respetar nuestra naturaleza”. Con el tiempo, surgieron reelaboraciones de la teoría original darwiniana que critican varias de sus fundamentos teóricos, tales como la interpretación lineal o progresista de la evolución que necesariamente conduciría a organismos más complejos o superiores, y advierten sobre las consecuencias sociales negativas de esos fundamentos que sirvieron para justificar el racismo. En ese sentido, en este ensayo analizo un metaestudio reciente que cuestiona la afirmación de que hay evidencia arqueológica que prueba que el consumo de carne “nos hizo humanos”. A partir de sus críticas, expongo algunos problemas de metodología y de fundamentación teórica que son comunes entre las investigaciones científicas que toman a los seres humanos como objeto de estudio. Además, con el análisis de estas críticas desde la perspectiva de la filosofía y las ciencias sociales, muestro algunos presupuestos epistemológicos, ontológicos, axiológicos y teleológicos con los que se justifican interpretaciones erróneas sobre el consumo de la carne. Específicamente se analizan: el papel que juegan los proxies, la falacia naturalista, la noción de “causalidad”, la definición de “ser humano”, la noción de “lugar de enunciación” del investigador y la dimensión de poder, en la producción de conocimiento.
PENGARUH MANAJERIAL PUSKESMAS DAN KETERAMPILAN KERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA PUSKESMAS KARANGGENENG KABUPATEN LAMONGAN SERTA IMPLIKASINYA PADA KINERJA PEGAWAI
Authors: Sayuti Sim , Mulyani Sri Rochani , Rulia Rulia
Published: March 2024

Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan merupakan tempat di mana berbagai jenis layanan kesehatan, mulai dari upaya promosi, pencegahan, pengobatan, hingga rehabilitasi, diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah, pemerintah daerah, dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan menganalisis secara lebih detail tentang manajemen, keterampilan kerja, motivasi, dan kinerja pegawai di Puskesmas Karanggeneng, Kabupaten Lamongan. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 78 pegawai Puskesmas Karanggeneng, Kabupaten Lamongan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan mencakup analisis jalur, koefisien korelasi, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan keeratan hubungan yang kuat antara manajerial Puskesmas dengan keterampilan kerja, dimana nilai r (0,783), sedangkan hasil koefisien determinasi (R2) untuk variasi pengaruh aspek manajerial dan keterampilan kerja terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 77,5%, sedangkan pengaruh motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai sebesar 81%.  Adapun hasil analisis jalur menunjukan variabel motivasi kerja berperan sebagai variabel antara, dimana nilai pengaruh tidak langsung (47%) lebih besar dibandingkan pengaruh langsung (43%). Dengan demikian variabel motivasi kerja memberikan implikasi positip terhadap kinerja pegawai.
Structural racism and Indigenous Health: A critical reflection of Canada and Finland
Authors: Juutilainen Sandra
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the study was to broaden understanding of structural racism by examining the relationships between Indigenous peoples and nation-states in the context of education and how this affects Indigenous lives. This thesis delves into understanding both the theoretical and methodological contributions that more critical analyses can have on: the role of de-colonial approaches to Indigenous health research methodologies so that the most urgent health inequities are addressed through more rigorous and Indigenous specific research processes; and to improve our understanding of the complex interactions that historical and contemporary legacies of residential schools and boarding schools have on the health and well-being of Indigenous populations in Canada and Finland. 

The research design was a qualitative multiple case study informed by a public health critical race praxis. The study was completed in two phases; consisting of a literature study using content analysis of Indigenous research ethics protocols and policies, in Canada and the Nordic countries; and, three case studies developed from open ended questions from structured interview research comparing discriminatory experiences and its impact on self-perceived health with participants from Six Nations of the Grand River, Canada (n = 25) and the Sámi in Inari, Finland (n = 20); and their family members. The case studies were analyzed using both Western and Indigenous methodologies. 

Results of Phase one shows how Indigenous resistance to colonial structures within academia in Canada and Finland has resulted in dialogical processes to create an ethical space for working between the differing worldviews of academia and Indigenous communities with the aim to produce ethically valid knowledge. Phase two results shows that regardless of contextual differences of the experiences in Canada and Finland, the main parallel outcomes are similar, i.e. the teachings of shame received in these educational environments. This produces both vulnerabilities and resiliencies and the negative effects of shame require an ongoing healing journey for both individuals and their families and communities at large. 

Conclusion: For a more in depth understanding of structural racism and its influence on Indigenous health, investigations require methodological choices by both Western and Indigenous methodologies.
The Cumulative Effects of Medication Use, Drug Use, and Smoking on Erectile Dysfunction Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Hart Trevor , Moskowitz David , Cox christopher , Liu Xiuhong , Ostrow David G. , Stall Ronald D. , Gorbach Pamina M. , Plankey Michael
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly prevalent among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-seropositive (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM). There is a need for additional research to determine the correlates of HIV+ and HIV-seronegative (HIV−) MSM, especially regarding non-antiretroviral medication use.

Aims

This study examined the prevalence of ED and the socio-demographic, medical conditions, medication use, and substance use correlates of ED among HIV+ and HIV− MSM.

Methods

A modified version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for MSM was self-administered by participants enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), an ongoing prospective study of the natural and treated histories of HIV infection among MSM in the United States. The study sample included 1,340 participants, including 612 HIV+ and 728 HIV− men. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios of ED in multivariable models in combined (HIV+/−) and separate analyses.

Main outcome measure

ED was determined by the summed scores of a modified version of the IIEF validated among MSM.

Results

Twenty-one percent of HIV+ MSM and 16% of HIV− MSM reported ED. Being >55 years of age, Black race, cumulative pack-years of smoking, cumulative antihypertensive use, and cumulative antidepressant use had significant positive associations with the prevalence of ED in the total sample. Among HIV+ men, duration of antihypertensive use and antidepressant use were significantly associated with increasing prevalence of ED. Among HIV− men, being >55 years of age, Black race, and cigarette smoking duration were associated with increased prevalence of ED.

Conclusion

Predictors of ED may differ by HIV status.. Although smoking cessation and effective medication management may be important as possible treatment strategies for ED among all MSM, there may be a burden on sexual functioning produced by non-HIV medications for HIV+ men.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination across a cascade of knowledge, willingness, and uptake among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Canada's three largest cities
Authors: Grewal R. , Deeks S. L. , Hart Trevor , Cox J. , de Pokomandy A , Grennan T , Lambert G. , Moore D. , Coutlée F. , Gaspar M. , George C. , Grace D. , Jollimore J. , Lachowsky N. J. , Nisenbaum R. , Ogilvie Gina , Sauvageau C. , Tan D. H. S. , Yeung A. , Burchell A. N.
Published: March 2024

Background: Some Canadian jurisdictions offer publicly funded HPV vaccine to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) aged ≤26 years. We characterized factors associated with being in different stages of HPV vaccination. 

Methods: Engage is a sexual health study of GBM in the three largest Canadian cities recruited via respondent driven sampling (RDS). We categorized participants as: (1) unaware of HPV vaccine, (2) undecided/unwilling to get vaccinated, (3) willing to get vaccinated, (4) vaccinated with one or more doses. Our RDS-II weighted analyses used multinomial logistic regression to identify factors associated with being in earlier stages of the cascade compared to Stage 4. 

Results: Across the cities, 26–40%, 7–14%, 33–39%, and 13–28% were in Stages 1 to 4, respectively. Compared to Stage 4, being in earlier stages of the cascade was associated with bisexual-identification (Stage 1: adjusted odds ratio[aOR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval[CI] = 1.06–7.62; Stage 2: aOR = 3.09, 95%CI = 1.19–8.05), having immigrated to Canada (Stage 1: aOR = 1.79, 95%CI 1.07–2.99), preference to keep same-sex romantic relationships private (Stage 1: aOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.05–1.48; Stage 2: aOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.05–1.46), not receiving sexual health information (Stage 1: aOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13–0.71; Stage 2: aOR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.12–0.64), not accessing a health-care provider (Stage 2: aOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.15–0.83), and no past hepatitis A/B vaccination (Stage 1: aOR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09–0.30; Stage 2: aOR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.09–0.35; Stage 3: aOR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.21–0.61). 

Discussion: Interventions are needed to reduce social and financial barriers, increase sexual health knowledge, and improve GBM-competent health-care access to increase vaccine uptake among GBM.
Characteristics of the HIV cascade of care and unsuppressed viral load among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men living with HIV across Canada's three largest cities
Authors: Moore David M , Cui Zishan , Skakoon-Sparling Shayna , Sang Jordan M. , Barath Justin , Wang Lu , Lachowsky Nathan , Cox Joseph , Lambert Gilles , Noor Syed W. , Grace Daniel , Jollimore Jody , Apelian Herak , Lal Allan , Parlette Abbie , Hart Trevor
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Treatment as prevention strategies have been variously applied across provinces in Canada. We estimated HIV care cascade indicators and correlates of unsuppressed viral load (VL) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) recruited in Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal.

Methods: Sexually active GBM, aged ≥16 years, were recruited through respondent-driven sampling (RDS) from February 2017 to August 2019. Participants completed a Computer-Assisted Self-Interview and tests for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted bivariate analyses comparing RDS-adjusted proportions across cities. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine factors associated with having a measured VL ≥ 200 copies/mL with data pooled from all three cities.

Results: We recruited 1179 participants in Montreal, 517 in Toronto and 753 in Vancouver. The RDS-adjusted HIV prevalence was 14.2% (95% CI 11.1 to 17.2) in Montreal, 22.1% (95% CI 12.4 to 31.8) in Toronto and 20.4% (95% CI 14.5 to 26.3) in Vancouver (p < 0.001). Of participants with confirmed HIV infection, 3.3% were previously undiagnosed in Montreal, 3.2% undiagnosed in Toronto and 0.2% in Vancouver (p = 0.154). In Montreal, 87.6% of GBM living with HIV were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 10.6% had an unsuppressed VL; in Toronto, 82.6% were receiving ART and 4.0% were unsuppressed; in Vancouver, 88.5% were receiving ART and 2.6 % were unsuppressed (p < 0.001 and 0.009 respectively). Multivariable modelling demonstrated that participants in Vancouver (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.23; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.82), but not Toronto (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI 0.07 to 1.03), had lower odds of unsuppressed VL, compared to Montreal, as did older participants (AOR 0.93 per year; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.97), those at high-risk for hazardous drinking (AOR = 0.19; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.70), those with a primary care provider (AOR = 0.11; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.57), and those ever diagnosed with other STIs (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.32).

Conclusions: GBM living in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver are highly engaged in HIV testing and treatment and all three cities have largely achieved the 90-90-90 targets for GBM. Nevertheless, we identified disparities which can be used to identify GBM who may require additional interventions, in particular younger men and those who are without a regular primary care provider.
Use of an HIV-risk screening tool to identify optimal candidates for PrEP scale-up among men who have sex with men in Toronto, Canada: disconnect between objective and subjective HIV risk
Authors: Wilton James , Kain Taylor , Fowler Shawn , Hart Trevor , Grennan Troy , Maxwell John , Tan Darrell HS
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Identifying appropriate pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) candidates is a challenge in planning for the safe and effective roll-out of this strategy. We explored the use of a validated HIV risk screening tool, HIV Incidence Risk Index for Men who have Sex with Men (HIRI-MSM), to identify “optimal” candidates among MSM testing at a busy sexual health clinic's community testing sites in Toronto, Canada.

Methods

Between November 2014 and April 2015, we surveyed MSM undergoing anonymous HIV testing at community testing sites in Toronto, Canada, to quantify “optimal” candidates for scaling up PrEP roll-out, defined as being at high objective HIV risk (scoring ≥10 on the HIRI-MSM), perceiving oneself at moderate-to-high HIV risk and being willing to use PrEP. Cascades were constructed to identify barriers to broader PrEP uptake. The association between HIRI-MSM score and both willingness to use PrEP and perceived HIV risk were explored in separate multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results

Of 420 respondents, 64.4% were objectively at high risk, 52.5% were willing to use PrEP and 27.2% perceived themselves at moderate-to-high HIV risk. Only 16.4% were “optimal” candidates. Higher HIRI-MSM scores were positively associated with both willingness to use PrEP (aOR=1.7 per 10 score increase, 95%CI=1.3–2.2) and moderate-to-high perceived HIV risk (aOR=1.7 per 10 score increase, 95%CI=1.2–2.3). The proportion of men who were “optimal” candidates increased to 42.9% when the objective HIV risk cut-off was changed to top quartile of HIRI-MSM scores (≥26). In our full cascade, a very low proportion (5.3%) of MSM surveyed could potentially benefit from PrEP under current conditions. The greatest barrier in the cascade was low perception of HIV risk among high-risk men, but considerable numbers were also lost in downstream cascade steps. Of men at high objective HIV risk, 68.3% did not perceive themselves to be at moderate-to-high HIV risk, 23.6% were unaware of PrEP, 40.1% were not willing to use PrEP, 47.6% lacked a family physician with whom they felt comfortable discussing sexual health, and 31.6% had no means to cover the cost of PrEP.

Conclusions

A higher HIRI-MSM cut-off may be helpful for identifying candidates for PrEP scale-up. Improving engagement in the PrEP cascade will require interventions to simultaneously address multiple barriers.
Mitigation Strategies for Overheating and High Carbon Dioxide Concentration within Institutional Buildings: A Case Study in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Zhao Lian , Tam Claire , Zhao YuQing , Liao Zaiyi
Published: March 2024

Indoor air quality and thermal conditions are important considerations when designing indoor spaces to ensure occupant health, satisfaction, and productivity. Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and indoor air temperature are two measurable parameters to assess air quality and thermal conditions within a space. Occupants are progressively affected by the indoor environment as the time spent indoors prolongs. Specifically, there is an interest in carrying out investigations on the indoor environment through surveying existing Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) system operations in classrooms. Indoor air temperature and CO2 concentration in multiple lecture halls in Toronto, Canada were monitored; observations consistently show high indoor air temperature (overheating) and high CO2 concentration. One classroom is chosen as a representative case study for this paper. The results verify a strong correlation between the number of occupants and the increase in air temperature and CO2 concentration. Building Energy Simulation (BES) is used to investigate the causes of discomfort in the classroom, and to identify methods for regulating the temperature and CO2 concentration. This paper proposes retro-commissioning strategies that could be implemented in institutional buildings; specifically, the increase of outdoor airflow rate and the addition of occupancy-based pre-active HVAC system control. The proposed retrofit cases reduce the measured overheating in the classrooms by 2-3 °C (indoor temperature should be below 23 °C) and maintain CO2 concentration under 900 ppm (the CO2 threshold is 1000 ppm), showing promising improvements to a classroom’s thermal condition and indoor air quality.
Moroccan EFL Teachers’ Perception of 21st-Century Skills in Moroccan Public Schools
Authors: Enmiri Fatima
Published: March 2024

This study aims to investigate Moroccan EFL teachers’ perceptions of the use of 21st-century skills in public school classes. Fifty-one Moroccan teachers from both middle school and high school participated in a survey to collect data. The results showed that Moroccan EFL teachers agreed that 21st-century skills are a positive plus in students’ competencies. The data analysis was done statistically using an online survey that was sent to them through emails and WhatsApp groups. Teachers’ responses showed the importance of 21st-century skills on students’ performance and autonomy, as well as learning and acquiring knowledge in a manner distinct from the conventional approach.
A SPEECH ACT ANALYSIS OF CONDOLENCE UTTERANCES FOR THE DEATH OF QUEEN ELIZABETH II IN FACEBOOK USERS
Authors: Mentari Putri , Susiati Susiati
Published: March 2024

The study focused on investigating speech acts and condolence strategies expressed by Facebook users in BBC posts. This research intends to classify and find out the speech acts and condolence strategies used by Facebook users to the death of Queen Elizabeth II. This research uses a qualitative approach, utilizing data sourced from condolence utterances used by Facebook users. The data were taken from comments posted by users on Facebook News. The data collection through documentation techniques. The data were analyzed by using Searle (1976) and using Zunin & Zunin (1991). The result explains that there are six types of condolence strategies found. The most common condolence strategy was taking note of the quality of the deceased with eighteen data. Second, ending with a thoughtful word with seventeen utterances. Expression of sympathy and taking note of a special quality of the bereaved with thirteen data. Then, acknowledge the loss which found nine data. The last, retelling a special memory of the deceased only eight data. Then, the dominant type of illocutionary act used by Facebook users to the death of Elizabeth Queen II was expressive with a total of fourteen data. Meanwhile, directives were revealed to be the least used by Facebook users, with only two data.
THE FORM, MEANING AND FUNCTION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE VARIATION: A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY ON INDONESIAN REGISTER OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Zuhdah Daumi Rahmatika , Firmonasari Aprillia
Published: March 2024

This research aims to describe the linguistics form, meaning, and functions under the phenomenon of English language variation used by Indonesian photography enthusiasts. The influence of the English register in lexical categories mostly has undergone a shift in meaning. So, the analysis of English register in the photography context is fascinating to be examined. The method of this research is qualitative descriptive with a sociolinguistics approach. The data are restricted to words and phrases taken from the daily posting of the Facebook community group. The procedure of data collection was conducted by observing and noting the English register among photography enthusiasts. The data were analyzed based on the formation process, the contextual meaning, and identifying the functions and sociolinguistics aspects. This research revealed that the use of English as a foreign language in the conversation of Indonesian photography enthusiasts was largely formed in a 'word' that represent an intended meaning without explain it in a long way. Those terms are functioned to tell the information, experiences, facts, techniques in photography. The involvement of English in the photography register was assumed because several terms do not have equivalent sense in Indonesian language, so it better to use them in English. This research has also showed that the intention of using English in photography community as the characteristics to labeling their social identity, also increasing the speaker's social value, particularly in creating feelings of pride and prestige.
Phytochemical Diversity and Related Bioactivity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Different Organs and Provenances of the Edible Halophyte Crithmum Maritimum L.
Authors: Jallali Inès , Benabderrahim Mohamed Ali , Medini Faten , Ben Ahmed Hela , Abdelly Chedly , Ksouri Riadh
Published: March 2024

Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) is a facultative halophyte from the Apiaceae family. The variation of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of different extracts of different organs of sea fennel were investigated. The roots, stems, leaves and seeds were collected from three bioclimatic stages of Tunisia. Solvent fractionation method (using aqueous acetone, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) was adopted to separate the extract ingredient and to concentrate phenolics. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins significantly varied between organs and localities. In leaves, the highest level of phenols was detected in the upper and sub-humid zones. However, in stems the high amounts of phenols were observed in semiarid climate. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through four different methods and the antimicrobial activity was assessed against five human pathogenic bacteria and a fungal strain. Multivariate analysis showed significant effect of organ and locality on the antioxidant properties. Results of the antibacterial activities showed significant differences among extracts and was reflected by a large spectrum of activity ranging from totally not active (Zones of inhibition (zi) < 1 mm) to very high activity (zi >16 mm). Combined statistical results allowed to select the more potent fraction to be analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). The flavanol epigallocatechin was identified as a major phenolic compound which contributed greatly to the antioxidant capacity. The results established in this study highlighted the importance of this halophyte cash crop in the human diet as natural source of active components.