bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insurance coverage and respiratory morbidities in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Collaco Joseph M. , Tracy Michael C. , Sheils Catherine A. , Rice Jessica L. , Rhein Lawrence M. , Nelin Leif D. , Moore Paul E. , Manimtim Winston M. , Levin Jonathan C. , Lai Khanh , Hayden Lystra P. , Fierro Julie L. , Austin Eric D. , Alexiou Stamatia , Agarwal Amit , Villafranco Natalie , Siddaiah Roopa , Popova Antonia P. , Cristea Ioana A. , Baker Christopher D. , Bansal Manvi , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Preterm infants and young children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at increased risk for acute care utilization and chronic respiratory symptoms during early life. Identifying risk factors for respiratory morbidities in the outpatient setting could decrease the burden of care. We hypothesized that public insurance coverage was associated with higher acute care usage and respiratory symptoms in preterm infants and children with BPD after initial neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge.

Methods

Subjects were recruited from BPD clinics at 10 tertiary care centers in the United States between 2018 and 2021. Demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained through chart review. Surveys for clinical outcomes were administered to caregivers.

Results

Of the 470 subjects included in this study, 249 (53.0%) received employer‐based insurance coverage and 221 (47.0%) received Medicaid as sole coverage at least once between 0 and 3 years of age. The Medicaid group was twice as likely to have sick visits (adjusted odd ratio [OR]: 2.06; p = 0.009) and emergency department visits (aOR: 2.09; p = 0.028), and three times more likely to be admitted for respiratory reasons (aOR: 3.04; p = 0.001) than those in the employer‐based group. Additionally, those in the Medicaid group were more likely to have nighttime respiratory symptoms (aOR: 2.62; p = 0.004).

Conclusions

Children with BPD who received Medicaid coverage were more likely to utilize acute care and have nighttime respiratory symptoms during the first 3 years of life. More comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether the use of Medicaid represents a barrier to accessing care, lower socioeconomic status, and/or a proxy for detrimental environmental exposures.
Postdischarge health resource use in pediatric survivors of prolonged mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory illness
Authors: Vo Michelle , Miller Kristen , Bennett Tellen D. , Mourani Peter M. , LaVelle Jaime , Carpenter Todd C. , Scott Watson R. , Pyle Laura L. , Maddux Aline B.
Published: April 2022

We aimed to identify characteristics associated with postdischarge health resource use in children without medical complexity who survived an episode of prolonged mechanical ventilation for respiratory illness. We hypothesized that longer durations of mechanical ventilation, noncomplex chronic conditions, and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) would be associated with readmission or an Emergency Department (ED) visit. In this retrospective cohort, we evaluated children without a complex chronic condition who survived a respiratory illness requiring ≥3 days of mechanical ventilation and who had insurance eligibility within the Colorado All Payers Claims Database. We used insurance claims to characterize health resource use and multivariable logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with readmission or an ED visit during the postdischarge year. We evaluated 82 children, median age 12.8 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.0–24.1), 20 (24%) with a noncomplex chronic condition and 62 (76%) without any chronic conditions. Bronchiolitis (60%) and pneumonia/aspiration pneumonitis (17%) were the most common etiologies of respiratory failure and 47 (57%) patients had severe ARDS. Forty‐six (56%) patients had an ED visit or readmission. Among the 18 readmitted patients, 16/18 (89%) readmissions were for respiratory illness. Forty (49%) patients had ≥2 outpatient pulmonary visits and 45 (55%) filled a pulmonary medication prescription. In analyses controlling for age, illness severity and mechanical ventilation duration, severe ARDS was predictive of ED visit or readmission (odds ratio [OR]: 5.53 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79, 19.09]). Children who survive prolonged mechanical ventilation for respiratory disease experience high rates of postdischarge health resource use, particularly those surviving severe ARDS.
Magnetic resonance imaging‐only‐based radiation treatment planning for simultaneous integrated boost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging‐defined dominant intraprostatic lesions
Authors: Dumas Michael , Leney Marisa , Kim Joshua , Sevak Parag , Elshaikh Mohamed , Pantelic Milan , Movsas Benjamin , Chetty Indrin J. , Wen Ning
Published: April 2022

Objective

To assess the feasibility of using synthetic computed tomography for treatment planning of the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL), a high‐risk region of interest that offers potential for increased local tumor control.

Methods

A dosimetric study was performed on 15 prostate cancer patients with biopsy‐proven prostate cancer who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging. DILs were contoured based on the turbo spin echo T2‐weighted and diffusion weighted images. Air, bone, fat, and soft tissue were segmented and assigned bulk‐density HU values of –1000, 285, –50, and 40, respectively, to create a synthetic computed tomography. Simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) and standard treatment plans were created for each patient. The total dose was 79.2 Gy to the non‐boosted planning target volume for both plans with a boost of 100 Gy for the DIL in the SIB plan. A radiobiological model was created to determine individualized dose–response curves based on the patient's apparent diffusion coefficient maps.

Results

Mean doses to the non‐boost planning target volume were 81.2 ± 0.3 Gy with the SIB and 81.0 ± 0.4 Gy without. For the DIL, the boosted mean dose was 102.6 ± 0.6 Gy. Total motor unit was 860 ± 100 with the SIB and 730 ±100 without. Femoral heads, rectum, bladder, and penile bulb were within established dose guidelines for either treatment technique. The average tumor control probability was 94% with the SIB compared with 78% without boosting the DIL.

Conclusion

This study showed the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging‐only treatment planning for patients with prostate cancer with a SIB to the DIL. DIL dose can be escalated to 100 Gy on synthetic computed tomography, while maintaining the original 79.2 Gy prescription dose and the organ of interest clinical dose limits.
Prostate MRI percentage tumor involvement or “PI‐RADS percent” as a predictor of adverse surgical pathology
Authors: Ratnani Parita , Dovey Zach , Parekh Sneha , Sobotka Stanislaw , Shukla Devki , Davis Avery , Roshandel Reza , Wagaskar Vinayak , Jambor Ivan , Lundon Dara J. , Wiklund Peter , Kyprianou Natasha , Menon Mani , Tewari Ash
Published: April 2022

Background

This study assesses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prostate % tumor involvement or “PI‐RADs percent” as a predictor of adverse pathology (AP) after surgery for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Two separate variables, “All PI‐RADS percent” (APP) and “Highest PI‐RADS percent” (HPP), are defined as the volume of All PI‐RADS 3–5 score lesions on MRI and the volume of the Highest PI‐RADS 3‐5 score lesion each divided by TPV, respectively.

Method

An analysis was done of an IRB approved prospective cohort of 557 patients with localized PCa who had targeted biopsy of MRI PIRADs 3–5 lesions followed by RARP from April 2015 to May 2020 performed by a single surgeon at a single center. AP was defined as ISUP GGG ≥3, pT stage ≥T3 and/or LNI. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate APP and HPP at predicting AP with other clinical variables such as Age, PSA at surgery, Race, Biopsy GGG, mpMRI ECE and mpMRI SVI. Internal and External Validation demonstrated predicted probabilities versus observed probabilities.

Results

AP was reported in 44.5% (n = 248) of patients. Multivariable regression showed both APP (odds ratio [OR]: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.14, p = 0.0007) and HPP (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04–1.16; p = 0.0007) were significantly associated with AP with individual area under the operating curves (AUCs) of 0.6142 and 0.6229, respectively, and AUCs of 0.8129 and 0.8124 when incorporated in models including preoperative PSA and highest biopsy GGG.

Conclusions

Increasing PI‐RADS Percent was associated with a higher risk of AP, and both APP and HPP may have clinical utility as predictors of AP in GGG 1 and 2 patients being considered for AS.

Patient Summary

Using PIRADs percent to predict AP for presurgical patients may help risk stratification, and for low and low volume intermediate risk patients, may influence treatment decisions.
Penetrance during Wolbachia‐mediated parthenogenesis of Trichogramma wasps is reduced by continuous oviposition, associated with exhaustion of Wolbachia titers in ovary and offspring eggs
Authors: Zhou Jin‐Cheng , Shang Dan , Qian Qian , Zhang Chen , Zhang Li‐Sheng , Dong Hui
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Thelytokous Wolbachia‐infected Trichogramma wasps are superior to bisexual uninfected wasps regarding biological control programs. However, continuous oviposition weakens the parthenogenesis‐inducing (PI) strength of Wolbachia. Whether this reduced PI strength relates to decreases in the titer of Wolbachia in the ovary and offspring eggs of Trichogramma remains unclear. Here, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) methods, we investigated how the penetrance of Wolbachia‐mediated parthenogenesis, Wolbachia density, and distributions of two Wolbachia‐infected Trichogramma species, T. pretiosum (TP) and T. dendrolimi (TD), were influenced by different host access treatments [newly‐emerged virgin females (NE), 7‐day‐old females without access to host eggs (NAH), and 7‐day‐old virgin females with access to host eggs (AH)].

RESULTS

Continuous oviposition decreased Wolbachia PI strength and titers in TP and TD. Continuous oviposition in AH decreased Wolbachia titers in abdomen and offspring eggs of TP and TD females, compared with NAH and NE; NAH had a lower thorax Wolbachia titer than NE. The numbers of parasitized host eggs and offspring wasps, and emergence rates of offspring deposited by AH were lower than those of NE and NAH, for either species.

CONCLUSION

Weakened PI strength, driven by continuous oviposition in Trichogramma wasps, is associated with Wolbachia titer exhaustion in ovary and offspring eggs. Wolbachia density is dependent on PI strength in Trichogramma wasps, highlighting the side effects of continuous oviposition regarding thelytokous Wolbachia‐infected Trichogramma in biological control programs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults
Authors: Krishnadas Rajeev , Jubrail Jalileh , Chetcuti Ben
Published: April 2022

ADHD is a condition that is often missed or misdiagnosed in adults, but successfully identifying and treating it can improve clinical and functional outcomes. This article discusses how to recognise and diagnose ADHD in adults, and outlines the recommended pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment options.
Safety enhanced surgical robot for flexible ureteroscopy based on force feedback
Authors: Shu Xiongpeng , Hua Peng , Wang Shuang , Zhang Ling , Xie Le
Published: April 2022

Background

Although some robotic systems have been developed to improve conventional flexible ureteroscopy (FURS), a widely used intervention in urology, these robots rarely have a comprehensive force feedback function which is important for master‐slave controlled surgical robots.

Methods

Here, we design and fabricate a novel FURS robot with a comprehensive force feedback function. Moreover, to realize better force feedback, a neural network‐based method is also demonstrated to estimate the interactive forces between the flexible ureteroscope and the environment.

Results

We show that when teleoperating the flexible ureteroscope with our robot, the operator can accurately feel the obstruction if the interactive axial force or torque exceeds 1.2 N or 15.6 mN·m respectively. For bending movement, augmented force feedback greatly improves the accuracy of the operator's perception of obstruction.

Conclusions

The developed robotic system with force feedback is expected to improve the safety of robot‐assisted FURS.
Adaptive finite‐time and fixed‐time control design using output stability conditions
Authors: Zimenko Konstantin , Efimov Denis , Polyakov Andrey
Published: April 2022

The present article provides a sufficient condition to ensure output finite‐time and fixed‐time stability. Comparing with analogous researches the proposed result is less restrictive and obtained for a wider class of systems. The presented output stability condition is used for adaptive control design, where the state vector of a plant is extended by adjustable control parameters.
Scaled agile framework. Dealing with software process‐related challenges of a financial group with the action research approach
Authors: Kowalczyk Michał , Marcinkowski Bartosz , Przybyłek Adam
Published: April 2022

This article reports on a domain‐specific software development venture at Nordea. We explore organizational constraints, challenges, and corrective actions undertaken when scaling the agile development approach of their Core Banking Platform program. The fit and required customizations of the rather complex and rigid SAFe framework in a policy‐heavy financial institution are audited against the organic growth of the program. In a qualitative study with three cycles using the Action Research method, both organizational and technical restrictions were tackled jointly with the company employees. Thirty‐four potential solutions were developed—some of which turned out to be dead‐ends. Ultimately, the effectiveness of prior recommendations was tested in a highly challenging implementation environment, and the list of guidelines was extended. We discovered several meeting and collaboration schemes that are not fully aligned with previous reports.
Numerical Treatment of Oxide Particle Dissolution in Multicomponent Slags with Local Gibbs Energy Minimization
Authors: Ogris Daniel Marian , Gamsjäger Ernst
Published: April 2022

Herein, a diffusion model for the dissolution of oxide particles in multicomponent slag systems is developed. It is assumed in this model that a sharp‐interface separates the solid particle from the liquid slag. Minimization of the Gibbs energy provides the conditions at the interface. The differential equations for multicomponent diffusion in the liquid slag are solved numerically via a finite‐difference scheme. It is indicated via parameter studies that the diffusion controlled dissolution kinetics may result in strongly different dissolution profiles depending on the initial conditions. It is demonstrated that the rate‐controlling dissipative process is the diffusion of components for cases where earlier investigations claimed that a coupled diffusion‐reaction process is in charge of the dissolution kinetics. Eventually, the numerical results are compared to data obtained from high‐temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy (HT‐LSCM) experiments.
Noninvasive sampling of mountain lion hair using modified foothold traps
Authors: Rossettie Tricia S. , Perry Travis W. , Cain James W.
Published: April 2022

Although genetic analysis is an increasingly affordable option for wildlife studies, obtaining high‐quality samples from cryptic carnivores remains difficult. To address this, we modified and tested 20.3‐cm (8‐inch) foot snares in unbaited trail sets for noninvasive collection of hair samples from mountain lions (Puma concolor). We deployed 22 hair traps in the Black Range in southern New Mexico from May to November 2017, monitored by remote cameras, at 66 locations for 1,618 trap nights ( = 24.5 nights, SD = 7.2 nights). Photos indicated 20 instances of mountain lions passing within 2 m of a hair trap and we collected 7 mountain lion hair samples, which averaged >20 hairs/sample. All samples contained hair with visible roots and were identifiable to species; 6 of the 7 (85.7%) yielded sufficient DNA for individual identification. We attributed failure to obtain samples to 3 primary causes: individual trap saturation (2 instances), trap failure (2 instances), and non‐trigger events (9 instances). Black bears (Ursus americanus) and heavy rains were the primary sources of disturbance to hair trap sets, contributing to individual trap saturation and trap failure. We speculate that low trigger rates were associated with pan tension having been set too high in the first month of the study, as well as disturbance of hair traps or leading foot placements by nontarget species. We discuss strategies to increase hair sample collection rates, including seasonal use of hair traps, more selective placement on the landscape, and altering physical attributes of the hair traps. The quality of hair samples we collected and subsequent amplification rates indicated that, along with proper deployment strategies, hair traps are a viable tool for noninvasively collecting genetic material for individual identification of mountain lions and other elusive species.
The E10 Wheeler-DeWitt operator at low levels
Authors: Kleinschmidt Axel , Nicolai Hermann
Published: April 2022

Abstract

We consider the Wheeler-DeWitt operator associated with the bosonic part of the Hamiltonian of D = 11 supergravity in a formulation with only the spatial components of the three-form and six-form fields, and compare it with the E10 Casimir operator at low levels, to show that these two operators precisely match modulo spatial gradients up to and including $$ \mathfrak{gl} $$
gl
10 level ℓ = 2. The uniqueness of the E10 Casimir operator eliminates all ordering ambiguities in the quantum Hamiltonian, at least up to the level considered. Beyond ℓ ≥ 3 the two operators are expected to start to differ from each other, as they do so for the classical expressions. We then consider truncations of the E10 Wheeler-DeWitt operator for various finite-dimensional subgroups of E10 in order to exhibit the automorphic properties of the associated wave functions and to show that physically sensible wave functions generically vanish at the cosmological singularity, thus providing new and more sophisticated examples of DeWitt’s proposed mechanism for singularity resolution in quantum gravity. Our construction provides novel perspectives on several unresolved conceptual issues with the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, such as the question of observables in quantum gravity, or the issue of emergent space and time in a purely algebraic framework. We also highlight remaining open questions of the E10 framework.
Pattern Hopf Algebras
Authors: Penaguiao Raul
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we expand on the notion of combinatorial presheaf, first introduced explicitly by Aguiar and Mahajan in 2010 but already present in the literature in some other points of view. We do this by adapting the algebraic framework of species to the study of substructures in combinatorics. Afterwards, we consider functions that count the number of patterns of objects and endow the linear span of these functions with a product and a coproduct. In this way, any well-behaved family of combinatorial objects that admits a notion of substructure generates a Hopf algebra, and this association is functorial. For example, the Hopf algebra on permutations studied by Vargas in 2014 and the Hopf algebra on symmetric functions are particular cases of this construction. A specific family of pattern Hopf algebras of interest are the ones arising from commutative combinatorial presheaves. This includes the presheaves on graphs, posets and generalized permutahedra. Here, we show that all the pattern Hopf algebras corresponding to commutative presheaves are free. We also study a remarkable non-commutative presheaf structure on marked permutations, i.e. permutations with a marked element. These objects have a natural product called inflation, which is an operation motivated by factorization theorems for permutations. In this paper, we find new factorization theorems for marked permutations. We use these theorems to show that the pattern Hopf algebra for marked permutations is also free, using Lyndon words techniques.
The winking sign is an indicator for increased femorotibial rotation in patients with recurrent patellar instability
Authors: Flury Andreas , Hodel Sandro , Hasler Julian , Hooman Esfandiari , Fucentese Sandro F. , Vlachopoulos Lazaros
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Rotation of the tibia relative to the femur was recently identified as a contributing risk factor for patellar instability, and correlated with its severity. The hypothesis was that in patellofemoral dysplastic knees, an increase in femorotibial rotation can be reliably detected on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs by an overlap of the lateral femoral condyle over the lateral tibial eminence.

Methods

Sixty patients (77 knees) received low-dose computed tomography (CT) of the lower extremity for assessment of torsional malalignment due to recurrent patellofemoral instability. Three-dimensional (3D) surface models were created to assess femorotibial rotation and its relationship to other morphologic risk factors of patellofemoral instability. On weight-bearing AP knee radiographs, a femoral condyle/lateral tibial eminence superimposition was defined as a positive winking sign. Using digitally reconstructed radiographs of the 3D models, susceptibility of the winking sign to vertical/horizontal AP knee radiograph malrotation was investigated.

Results

A positive winking sign was present in 30/77 knees (39.0%) and indicated a 6.3 ± 1.4° increase in femorotibial rotation (p < 0.001). Femoral condyle/tibial eminence superimposition of 1.9 mm detected an increased femorotibial rotation (> 15°) with 43% sensitivity and 90% specificity (AUC = 0.72; p = 0.002). A positive winking sign (with 2 mm overlap) disappeared in case of a 10° horizontally or 15° vertically malrotated radiograph, whereas a 4 mm overlap did not disappear at all, regardless of the quality of the radiograph. In absence of a winking sign, on the other hand, no superimposition resulted within 20° of vertical/horizontal image malrotation. Femorotibial rotation was positively correlated to TT–TG (R2 = 0.40, p = 0.001) and patellar tilt (R2 = 0.30, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

The winking sign reliably indicates an increased femorotibial rotation on a weight-bearing AP knee radiograph and could prove useful for day-by-day clinical work. Future research needs to investigate whether femorotibial rotation is not only a prognostic factor but a potential surgical target in patients with patellofemoral disorders.

Level of evidence

III.
A proof of the Donaldson–Thomas crepant resolution conjecture
Authors: Beentjes Sjoerd Viktor , Calabrese John , Rennemo Jørgen Vold
Published: April 2022

We prove the crepant resolution conjecture for Donaldson–Thomas invariants of hard Lefschetz 3-Calabi–Yau (CY3) orbifolds, formulated by Bryan–Cadman–Young, interpreting the statement as an equality of rational functions. In order to do so, we show that the generating series of stable pair invariants on any CY3 orbifold is the expansion of a rational function. As a corollary, we deduce a symmetry of this function induced by the derived dualising functor. Our methods also yield a proof of the orbifold DT/PT correspondence for multi-regular curve classes on hard Lefschetz CY3 orbifolds.
Utility of Cone-Beam CT for Bronchial Artery Embolization and Chemoinfusion: A Single-Institution Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Liu Michael Y. , Rose Steven C. , Loh Alexander , Taddonio Michael , Redmond Jonas W. , Meisinger Quinn C. , Minocha Jeet , Berman Zachary T.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To describe the technique and document utility of adjunctive cone-beam CT (CBCT) in patients undergoing bronchial artery embolization (BAE) or chemoinfusion (BAC).

Materials and Methods

Between August 2010 and February 2021, 26 patients (62 bronchial arteries) were evaluated with CBCT in addition to the usual digital subtraction angiography (DSA) during BAE or BAC. 19 patients (43 arteries) underwent BAE for hemoptysis; 7 patients (19 arteries) had BAC for palliation of lung malignancy. Retrospective review of procedural reports and the archived DSA and CBCT images was assessed for (1) whether CBCT findings added unique diagnostic information prior to treatment of target arteries compared to DSA alone; and (2) whether these unique CBCT findings led to modification of embolization or chemoinfusion technique.

Results

In 61 of 62 (98%) interrogated bronchial arteries, CBCT provided additional unique diagnostic information over planar DSA, primarily cross-sectional assessment of the spinal canal for spinal arteries. In 46/62 (74%) of the bronchial arteries the unique information did not lead to a change in therapeutic technique. In 15 bronchial arteries (24%), the added information from CBCT led to change in embolization and/or chemoinfusion technique. Embolization of one small unrecognized spinal artery branch (1.6%), which was missed intra-procedurally but retrospectively seen on CBCT led to transient spinal cord ischemia.

Conclusions

These results suggest that adjunctive use of CBCT technique may improve diagnostic confidence from information provided by DSA in nearly all cases of BAE and BAC leading to improved therapeutic targeting or change in technique of embolization or chemoinfusion.
Erwartungseffekte beim Absetzen von Antidepressiva
Authors: Nestoriuc Yvonne
Published: April 2022

Erwartungseffekte bei Antidepressiva wurden in zahlreichen randomisierten Studien und Metaanalysen nachgewiesen. In den Placebogruppen zeigten sich sowohl relevante Verbesserungen der depressiven Erkrankungen (Ansprechraten: Placebo 40 % vs. Verum 50 %) als auch belastende Nebenwirkungen im Sinne von Noceboeffekten. Diese Befunde unterstreichen den Einfluss individueller Erwartungshaltungen auf die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Antidepressiva und legen nahe, dass diese auch beim Absetzen relevant sind. Das Absetzen von Antidepressiva kann mit belastenden Beschwerden wie Schwindel, Schlaflosigkeit und Reizbarkeit verbunden sein. Diese sog. Absetzsymptome sind in der Mehrzahl der Fälle mild und klingen nach wenigen Tagen bis Wochen wieder ab. Sind Patient:innen allerdings nicht auf solche möglichen Beschwerden vorbereitet, kann deren Auftreten Ängste vor einem Rückfall oder einer Abhängigkeit auslösen. Insbesondere, wenn das Absetzen ohne ärztliche und psychologische Begleitung stattfindet, können Absetzsymptome leicht mit dem Wiederauftreten einer Depression verwechselt werden. In der aktuellen Versorgungspraxis finden sich zunehmend Berichte zu missglückten Absetzversuchen und entsprechend negativen Erwartungen an das Absetzen. Erwartungen lassen sich vornehmlich in der Interaktion mit Behandelnden und über die Patient:innen-Information verändern. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert therapeutische Strategien zum Umgang mit Absetzsymptomen mit dem Ziel, Erwartungen, angepasst an individuelle Vorerfahrungen, zu optimieren. Um realistische Erwartungen zu erarbeiten und den Absetzprozess durch eine therapeutische Begleitung positiv zu beeinflussen, können Strategien wie Psychoedukation, Framing, die Aufklärung über Placebo- und Noceboeffekte sowie die Erarbeitung von Coping-Strategien eingesetzt werden.
Some Reversing Orbits for a Rattleback Model
Authors: Arioli Gianni , Koch Hans
Published: April 2022

A physical rattleback is a toy that can exhibit counter-intuitive behavior when spun on a horizontal plate. Most notably, it can spontaneously reverse its direction of rotation. Using a standard mathematical model of the rattleback, we prove the existence of reversing motion, reversing motion combined with rolling, and orbits that exhibit such behavior repeatedly.
Die Folgen eines russischen Erdgasembargos
Authors: Grimm Veronika , Löschel Andreas , Pittel Karen
Published: April 2022

Sanctions and their effectiveness are at the centre of the discussion about an appropriate response to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. At the latest since the atrocities of the war became evident and payment for gas supplies in roubles was brought into play, voices calling for a natural gas embargo have been growing. In the discussion about the possible consequences of such an embargo, forecasts vary from serious but manageable effects on economic development to mass unemployment and deindustrialisation. Regarding the short run, the main question is: How much of Russian natural gas supply can be replaced and saved by next winter. We provide an overview of existing analyses on savings and substitution potentials, followed by some fundamental policy principles aimed at dealing with a halt in Russian natural gas supplies.
Ist ökologischer oder konventioneller Landbau besser für die Biodiversität?
Authors: Maurer Rainer
Published: April 2022

Ökologischer und konventioneller Landbau wirken sich unterschiedlich auf die Biodiversität aus. Zwei gegenläufige Effekte sind dabei zu berücksichtigen: Die höhere Biodiversität auf den Flächen des ökologischen Landbaus und der geringere Flächenverbrauch des konventionellen Landbaus. Eine Bewertung beider Effekte auf der Basis empirischer Daten zeigt, dass die höhere Biodiversität auf ökologisch bestellten Flächen nicht ausreicht, um den höheren Flächenverbrauch des ökologischen Landbaus auszugleichen: So sinkt bei einer vollständigen Umstellung auf ökologischen Landbau der Ertrag im Vergleich zum konventionellen Landbau um mindestens 50 %, während die Gesamtbiodiversität um ca. 108 % ansteigen würde. Bei einer ertragsgleichen Reduzierung des konventionellen Landbaus könnten dagegen 50 % der jetzigen Nutzfläche renaturiert werden. Dies würde zu einem Anstieg der Gesamtbiodiversität um ca. 317 % führen.
Internal Enriched Categories
Authors: Ghiorzi Enrico
Published: April 2022

We introduce the theory of enrichment over an internal monoidal category as a common generalization of both the standard theories of enriched and internal categories. Then, we contextualize the new notion by comparing it to another known generalization of enrichment: that of enrichment for indexed categories. It turns out that the two notions are closely related.
Influence of different LCIA methods on an exemplary scenario analysis from a process development LCA case study
Authors: Koch Daniel , Friedl Anton , Mihalyi Bettina
Published: April 2022

Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods quantify the impact of life cycle inventory data within each impact category by means of classification and characterization. This paper evaluated whether the selected LCIA method influenced the life cycle assessment (LCA) scenario analysis for decision support in process development and its possible reasons. For this study, a scenario analysis was used from a biorefinery LCA case study, as this is a key practice in process development. The analysis was investigated using various LCIA methods for the three midpoint impact categories of global warming potential (GWP, 12 LCIA methods totaling 48 subcategories), eutrophication potential (EP, 9 LCIA methods totaling 18 subcategories), and water assessment (WA, 10 LCIA methods totaling 26 subcategories). The GWP category showed consistent interpretations for the scenario analysis from different LCIA methods. The subcategory of marine EP from the two LCIA methods disagreed on the best-case scenario. Another discrepancy was identified within the three general EP indicators, where the trend of the scenario analysis was inverted in one method because of the sensitivity of a single substance (ethanol). Within the subcategories of WA, the inclusion or exclusion of hydropower water impacts changed the scenario analysis in the blue water use and total freshwater use subcategories, and the general WA indicators also disagreed on the best-case scenario. It is important to understand these influences and the reasons behind the variations for decision support in process development.
Speech Development Across Subgroups of Autistic Children: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Broome Kate , McCabe Patricia , Docking Kimberley , Doble Maree , Carrigg Bronwyn
Published: April 2022

Subgroups of children with different speech profiles have been described however, little is known about the trajectories of speech development or stability of subgroups over time. This longitudinal study described both speech trajectories and subgroup stability of 22 autistic children, aged 2;0–6;11 years, over 12 months. Independent and relational speech analyses, vocabulary size and nonverbal communication were used in clustering. Results suggest varied speech trajectories, particularly for children with ‘low language and low speech’ at Time 1. Receptive vocabulary and consonant inventory at Time 1 may predict speech outcomes after 12 months. A small subgroup of children (n = 3) present with low expressive vocabulary and speech but higher receptive vocabulary and use of gestures. This unique profile remained stable.
Illness Perceptions, Coping, Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychological Outcomes in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: O’Connor Sarah , Hevey David , O’Keeffe Fiadhnait
Published: April 2022

This study examined the predictive ability of the Common-Sense Model to explain psychological outcomes in cervical dystonia, a movement disorder that affects the muscles of the head and neck. Illness Perceptions Questionnaire-Revised, brief COPE, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory were completed by 118 people with cervical dystonia. Correlations and hierarchical multiple regression models were conducted. Illness perceptions and coping strategies explained 59% of variance in anxiety, 61% of variance in depression and health-related quality of life and 19% of variance in post-traumatic growth. Illness perceptions and coping strategies are significant factors to consider in terms of psychological adjustment and outcomes in cervical dystonia. Psychological interventions targeting illness perceptions and coping strategies may be beneficial in improving psychological outcomes for people with cervical dystonia.
Effects of Ethnic Classification on Substantive Findings in Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Yao Esther S. , Bullen Pat , Meissel Kane , Tiatia Jemaima , Fleming Theresa , Clark Terryann C.
Published: April 2022

Although most adolescents are healthy, epidemiological studies show that a significant number experience mental health challenges, and that Indigenous and ethnic minority youth tend to have poorer mental health outcomes. However, ethnic classification in adolescence is complex due to increasing multi-ethnic identification, and little is known about how different classification methods affect research conclusions. This study used a nationally representative adolescent sample from Aotearoa New Zealand (N = 8275; ages 12–18; 55% female; 32% multi-ethnic) to investigate the effects that five ethnic classification methods have on substantive findings in three mental health outcomes: overall psychosocial difficulties, deliberate self-harm, and suicide attempts. The results showed that, depending on the classification method used, reported outcomes within the same nominal ethnic group varied by an effect size (d) of up to 0.12, and the reported magnitude of difference between nominal ethnic groups varied by an effect size (d) of up to 0.25. These effects are substantial given that they are solely due to a change in method. The impact that ethnic classification method has on substantive findings highlights the importance of criticality and transparency in research involving ethnicity data.
Lifting symmetry breaking constraints with inductive logic programming
Authors: Tarzariol Alice , Gebser Martin , Schekotihin Konstantin
Published: April 2022

Efficient omission of symmetric solution candidates is essential for combinatorial problem-solving. Most of the existing approaches are instance-specific and focus on the automatic computation of Symmetry Breaking Constraints (SBCs) for each given problem instance. However, the application of such approaches to large-scale instances or advanced problem encodings might be problematic since the computed SBCs are propositional and, therefore, can neither be meaningfully interpreted nor transferred to other instances. As a result, a time-consuming recomputation of SBCs must be done before every invocation of a solver. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a new model-oriented approach for Answer Set Programming that lifts the SBCs of small problem instances into a set of interpretable first-order constraints using the Inductive Logic Programming paradigm. Experiments demonstrate the ability of our framework to learn general constraints from instance-specific SBCs for a collection of combinatorial problems. The obtained results indicate that our approach significantly outperforms a state-of-the-art instance-specific method as well as the direct application of a solver.
Impact of a clinical pharmacist on medication safety in mental health Hospital-in-the-Home: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Farag Mechaiel , Hoti Kreshnik , Hughes Jeff , Chalmers Leanne
Published: April 2022

Background

Integration of clinical pharmacists into multidisciplinary Mental Health Hospital-in-the-Home teams is increasing but little is known about the medication safety contribution these pharmacists make.

Aim

To evaluate whether clinical pharmacist involvement in a Mental Health Hospital-in-the-Home service improved medication safety key performance indicators.

Method

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed of all patients admitted to 2 Western Australian Mental Health Hospital-in-the-Home services from September to November 2015.

Site 1

was a 16-bed service incorporating a clinical pharmacist as part of its multidisciplinary team.

Site 2

was a similarly structured 18-bed service but without clinical pharmacist involvement. The primary outcome measure was completion of medication safety key performance indicators obtained from the Western Australian Government Pharmaceutical Review Policy and mental health-specific best practice guidelines.

Results

Key performance indicators fromSite 1(n = 75 records), which incorporated a clinical pharmacist, demonstrated significantly (p < 0.001) higher rates of completion of medication reconciliation [65 (87%) versus 17 (29%)], accurate adverse drug reaction list [73 (97%) versus 34 (58%)], accurate discharge medication list [51 (74%) versus 18 (45%)], accurate medication profile [74 (99%) versus 40 (68%)] and medication chart review [74 (99%) versus 0 (0%)] thanSite 2(n = 59).

Conclusion

Integrating a clinical pharmacist into a Mental Health Hospital-in-the-Home program significantly improved achievement of medication safety key performance indicators.
Long-Time Behavior for Subcritical Measure-Valued Branching Processes with Immigration
Authors: Friesen Martin
Published: April 2022

In this work we study the long-time behavior for subcritical measure-valued branching processes with immigration on the space of tempered measures. Under some reasonable assumptions on the spatial motion, the branching and immigration mechanisms, we prove the existence and uniqueness of an invariant probability measure for the corresponding Markov transition semigroup. Moreover, we show that it converges with exponential rate to the unique invariant measure in the Wasserstein distance as well as in a distance defined in terms of Laplace transforms. Finally, we consider an application of our results to super-Lévy processes as well as branching particle systems on the lattice with noncompact spins.
Using heuristic worked examples to promote solving of reality-based tasks in mathematics in lower secondary school
Authors: Hänze Martin , Leiss Dominik
Published: April 2022

This study examined whether learning with heuristic worked examples can improve students’ competency in solving reality-based tasks in mathematics (mathematical modeling competency). We randomly assigned 134 students in Grade 5 and 180 students in Grade 7 to one of three conditions: control condition (students worked on reality-based tasks), worked example condition (students studied worked examples representing a realistic process of problem-solving by fictitious students negotiating solutions to the tasks), and prompted worked example condition (students additionally received self-explanation prompts). In all three conditions, the students worked on the tasks individually and independently for 45 min. Dependent measures were mathematical modeling competency (number of adequate solution steps and strategies) and modeling-specific strategy knowledge. Results showed that although strategy knowledge could be improved through the intervention for fifth and seventh graders, modeling competency was improved only for seventh graders. The prompting of self-explanations had no additional effect for either fifth or seventh graders.
Implementation of robotic surgery in Dubai: a focus on outcomes
Authors: Halabi Mouhammad , Kamal Jado , Reguig Farida , Zenilman Michael E. , Moussa Hatem
Published: April 2022

The rapid acceptance of robotic surgery in gallbladder, inguinal, and ventral hernia surgery has led to the growth of robotic surgery programs around the world. As this is new technology, implementation of such programs needs to be done safely, with a focus on patient outcomes. We herein describe the implementation of a new robotic surgery program in a major hospital in the Middle East. A laparoendoscopic surgeon led the program after training and proctoring. Competency based credentialing were created and put in place. To confirm safety of the program, all laparoscopic and robotic cholecystectomy and hernia operations were followed, and perioperative data analyzed. Out of the 304 patients included in this study, 157 were performed using the robotic approach. In the cholecystectomy group (n = 103) the single site approach offered shorter operative times (P < 0.05). Both the single site robotic and the robotic assisted approaches resulted in less pain (P < 0.05). In the inguinal hernia group (n = 146) the laparoscopic approach offered shorter operative times (P < 0.05), but the robotic approach was associated with less pain (P < 0.05). In the ventral hernia group (n = 55), the open approach offered the best operative times, but the robotic approach was associated with the least amount of pain (P < 0.05). This is the first report of the implementation of a robotic program in the MENA region where the primary measure of success is outcomes. We show that monitoring cholecystectomy, inguinal or ventral hernia data can confirm the quality of the program before expansion and moving forward to more complex procedures.
Examination of conversion method of dose distribution of lung cancer IMRT using fluence reversible calculation function in O-ring type linac and C-type linac
Authors: Rachi Toshiya , Parshuram Raturi Vijay , Tanaka Yuki , Togo Haruki
Published: April 2022

Generally, converting irradiation plans between C-arm linacs (C-linac) when the linac fails is possible without recalculating the dose distribution using a treatment planning system (TPS), because they have similar mechanical structure. However, the O-ring-type linac (O-linac) differs from the C-linac in forming the dose distribution. Therefore, if O-linac breaks down, it is necessary to formulate a treatment plan from scratch. In this study, we investigated a method for converting irradiation from an O-linac to a C-linac. Thirty patients with lung cancer who underwent volumetric-modulated arc therapy with an O-linac were included in this study. The O-linac dose distribution was converted into energy fluence by the function of the TPS. The alternative linac multi-leaf collimator (MLC) was then optimized to achieve energy fluence. The homogeneity index, conformity index, and planning treatment volume (D95%, D2%) of the converted plan were compared with the original plan. For organ at risk (OAR), the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of the lung, esophagus, heart, and spinal cord were evaluated. Additionally, the shapes of the isodose curves were compared using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). There was no significant difference between the target and OARs (p > 0.05). The mean DSCs of 30% to 100% isodose curves of the prescribed dose and the isodose ≥ 105% and ≤ 20%were > 0.8 and < 0.8, respectively. Due to the structural differences of MLC, the dose-volume and generation positions were different in the dose range of ≥ 105% and ≤ 20%; hence, DSCs decreased. However, no statistically significant difference in the DVH was identified for either treatment plan. Based on this result, we propose a simple replanning method for performing MLC fitting after converting the dose to the energy fluence.
State-of-the-art recent developments of large magnetorheological (MR) dampers: a review
Authors: Abdul Aziz Mohammad , Mohtasim Sakib Muhammad , Ahammed Rubel
Published: April 2022

Large MR (MR) dampers are popular due to their higher damping force capabilities which makes them suitable in the field of civil engineering, structural engineering, suspension bridge structure, mining engineering, and agricultural engineering applications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of large MR dampers. The classifications and applications of large MR dampers, the principle of operation, different fluid models, their structural design and control systems are classified and reviewed in this paper. The large MR dampers have higher damping force controllability than conventional MR dampers. The review indicates that the large MR dampers have enough vibration mitigation ability and higher damping performances.
Making kangaroos grievable; making grievability non-human
Authors: Wijnandts Yvette Kim Clarissa
Published: April 2022

When Australian economist Ross Garnaut proposed to increase the commercial kangaroo industry in 2008, it started a national debate on the supposed edibility of kangaroos. Campaigns against the commercial kangaroo industry and hesitance amongst many consumers to eat kangaroo reflect concerns about viewing kangaroos as food. This article explores the reactions and challenges that originate from the kangaroo’s changing role in society by using Judith Butler’s concept of grievable lives. Using this framework shows that what animals we eat goes beyond nutritional value; it symbolizes deeper values regarding human–animal relations and illustrates why and how not all animals are seen and treated as the same.