bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
 Rede cegonha: acompanhamento pré-natal e vinculação de gestantes à maternidade de referência / Street network: importance of prenatal follow-up and linking of pregnant to reference maternity
Authors: Sampaio Luana Maia , Reis Aline Pires , Neves Gabriela Andrade de Oliveira , Andrade Dahiane Lemos de
Published: July 2018

Com intuito de reduzir o índice de mortalidade materno-infantil, o Ministério da Saúde implantou o Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal. Além disso, visando assegurar o acesso das gestantes a maternidade para realização do parto, a visita vem sendo proposta pela Rede Cegonha a visita de vinculação da gestante à maternidade de referência para realização do parto. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral conhecer a percepção das gestantes sobre a experiência da vinculação à maternidade de referência em um município do Recôncavo Baiano. Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo 16 mulheres que são acompanhadas nas Unidades de Atenção Básica à Saúde do município de Santo Antônio de Jesus−Bahia e que realizaram a visita de vinculação à maternidade de referência para o parto. Foi realizada entrevista semi-estruturada contendo 08 questões e, os dados obtidos foram analisados através da análise temática de Minayo. Os resultados indicam a predominância das mulheres na fase adulta, solteiras, primigestas, sendo que todas realizaram as consultas de pré-natal, prevalecendo o parto normal. Percebe-se que a visita de vinculação vem sendo realizada de forma bem positiva na concepção das mulheres entrevistadas, de modo a garantir os princípios da humanização propostos pela Rede Cegonha.
Intercorrências obstétricas que ocorrem durante a gravidez na adolescência/Obstetric intercorrences occurring during pregnancy in adolescence
Authors: Fernandes Rita Fernanda Monteiro , Rodrigues Andressa Peripolli , Soares Marilu Correa , Corrêa Ana Candida Lopes , Cardoso Sandra Maria De Mello , Krebs Elizabet Marta
Published: July 2018

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e as principais intercorrências presentes durante a gravidez na adolescência. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado com 559 puérperas adolescentes em três unidades obstétricas de hospitais de ensino no Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraíba. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista com a aplicação de um instrumento estruturado para caracterização das adolescentes e identificação das intercorrências ocorridas na gestação. Apresentaram intercorrências na gestação 56% das puérperas do Rio Grande do Sul, 55% da Paraíba e 49% de Santa Catarina. As intercorrências apontadas foram infecções do trato urinário, anemia e hipertensão/eclampsia. Quanto aos motivos que levaram à internação da gestante adolescente, os fatores foram multicausais, entre os quais se destacam hipertensão/eclampsia, hipotensão, bolsa rota, dor, alergias e convulsões. Com isso, conhecer o perfil dessas adolescentes e quais intercorrências comumente as acomete, permite ao profissional de saúde um acompanhamento de pré-natal mais eficaz e resolutivo voltado às especificidades dessa população.
Functional Interrogation of Primary Human T Cells via CRISPR Genetic Editing
Authors: Chen Xin , Kozhaya Lina , Tastan Cihan , Placek Lindsey , Dogan Mikail , Horne Meghan , Abblett Rebecca , Karhan Ece , Vaeth Martin , Feske Stefan , Unutmaz Derya
Published: July 2018

Developing precise and efficient gene editing approaches using CRISPR in primary human T cell subsets would provide an effective tool in decoding their functions. Toward this goal, we used lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9 systems to transduce primary human T cells to stably express the Cas9 gene and guide RNAs that targeted either coding or noncoding regions of genes of interest. We showed that multiple genes (CD4, CD45, CD95) could be simultaneously and stably deleted in naive, memory, effector, or regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets at very high efficiency. Additionally, nuclease-deficient Cas9, associated with a transcriptional activator or repressor, can downregulate or increase expression of genes in T cells. For example, expression of glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), a gene that is normally and exclusively expressed on activated Tregs, could be induced on non-Treg effector T cells by nuclease-deficient Cas9 fused to transcriptional activators. Further analysis determined that this approach could be used in mapping promoter sequences involved in gene transcription. Through this CRISPR/Cas9–mediated genetic editing we also demonstrated the feasibility of human T cell functional analysis in several examples: 1) CD95 deletion inhibited T cell apoptosis upon reactivation; 2) deletion of ORAI1, a Ca2+ release–activated channel, abolished Ca2+ influx and cytokine secretion, mimicking natural genetic mutations in immune-deficient patients; and 3) transcriptional activation of CD25 or CD127 expression enhanced cytokine signaling by IL-2 or IL-7, respectively. Taken together, application of the CRISPR toolbox to human T cell subsets has important implications for decoding the mechanisms of their functional outputs.
Membrane-Associated Proteinase 3 on Granulocytes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Inhibits T Cell Proliferation
Authors: Yang Tian-Hui , St. John Lisa S. , Garber Haven R. , Kerros Celine , Ruisaard Kathryn E. , Clise-Dwyer Karen , Alatrash Gheath , Ma Qing , Molldrem Jeffrey J.
Published: July 2018

Proteinase 3 (P3), a serine protease expressed by myeloid cells, localized within azurophil granules, and also expressed on the cellular membrane of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), is the target of autoimmunity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. PR1, an HLA-A2 restricted nonameric peptide derived from P3, has been targeted effectively in myeloid leukemia. We previously showed (Molldrem et al. 2003. J. Clin. Invest. 111: 639–647) that overexpression of P3 in chronic myeloid leukemia induces apoptosis of high-affinity PR1-specific T cells, leading to deletional tolerance and leukemia outgrowth. In this study, we investigated the effect of membrane P3 (mP3)–expressing PMN and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts on the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T cells in vitro. We demonstrate that mP3-expressing PMN significantly inhibits autologous healthy donor T cell proliferation but does not affect cytokine production in activated T cells and that this effect requires cell proximity and was abrogated by P3 blockade. This inhibition required P3 enzyme activity. However, suppression was not reversed by either the addition of catalase or the inhibition of arginase I. In addition to P3 blockade, anti–low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) Ab also restored T cells’ capacity to proliferate. Last, we show dose-dependent inhibition of T cell proliferation by mP3-expressing AML blasts. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby PMN- and AML-associated mP3 inhibits T cell proliferation via direct LRP1 and mP3 interaction, and we identify P3 as a novel target to modulate immunity in myeloid leukemia and autoimmune disease.
A Pilot Study To Investigate the Immune-Modulatory Effects of Fasting in Steroid-Naive Mild Asthmatics
Authors: Han Kim , Nguyen An , Traba Javier , Yao Xianglan , Kaler Maryann , Huffstutler Rebecca D. , Levine Stewart J. , Sack Michael N.
Published: July 2018

A fasting mimetic diet blunts inflammation, and intermittent fasting has shown ameliorative effects in obese asthmatics. To examine whether canonical inflammatory pathways linked with asthma are modulated by fasting, we designed a pilot study in mild asthmatic subjects to assess the effect of fasting on the NLRP3 inflammasome, Th2 cell activation, and airway epithelial cell cytokine production. Subjects with documented reversible airway obstruction and stable mild asthma were recruited into this study in which pulmonary function testing (PFT) and PBMCextraction was performed 24 h after fasting, with repeated PFT testing and blood draw 2.5 h after refeeding. PFTs were not changed by a prolonged fast. However, steroid-naive mild asthmatics showed fasting-dependent blunting of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, PBMCs from these fasted asthmatics cocultured with human epithelial cells resulted in blunting of house dust mite–induced epithelial cell cytokine production and reduced CD4+ T cell Th2 activation compared with refed samples. This pilot study shows that prolonged fasting blunts the NLRP3 inflammasome and Th2 cell activation in steroid-naive asthmatics as well as diminishes airway epithelial cell cytokine production. This identifies a potential role for nutrient level–dependent regulation of inflammation in asthma. Our findings support the evaluation of this concept in a larger study as well as the potential development of caloric restriction interventions for the treatment of asthma.
Spatial electromagnetic field intensity modelling of global system for mobile communication base stations in the Istanbul Technical University Ayazaga campus area
Authors: Boz Kubra , Denli Hayri Hakan
Published: July 2018

The rapid development of the global system for mobile communication services and the consequent increased electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure to the human body have generated debate on the potential danger with respect to human health. The many research studies focused on this subject have, however, not provided any certain evidence about harmful consequences due to mobile communication systems. On the other hand, there are still views suggesting such exposure might affect the human body in different ways. To reduce such effects to a minimum, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) has declared boundary values for the energy released by the base stations, which are the main source of the electromagnetic fields. These values are accepted by many countries in various parts of the world. The aim of this study was to create EMF intensity maps for the area covered by Istanbul Technical University (ITU) and find areas of potential risk with regard to health considering the current situation and future trends. In this study, the field intensities of electromagnetic signals issued at the frequencies of 900 and 1800 MHz were measured in V/m at 29 pre-specified survey points using a spectrum analyzer (Spectran HF-6065). Geographic information systems and spatial interpolation techniques were used to produce EMF intensity maps. Three different spatial interpolation methods, minimum mean square error, Radial Basis and Empirical Bayesian Kriging, were compared. The results were geographically analyzed and the measurements expressed as heat maps covering the study area. Using these maps, the values measured were compared with the EMF intensity standards issued by ICNIRP. The results showed that the exposure levels to the EMF intensities were all within the ICNIRP limits at the ITU study area. However, since the EMF intensity level with respect to human health is not known, it is not possible to confirm if these levels are safe or not.
Spatial association of public sports facilities with body mass index in Korea
Authors: Han Eun Jin , Kang Kiyeon , Sohn So Young
Published: July 2018

Governments and also local councils create and enforce their own regional public health care plans for the problem of overweight and obesity in the population. Public sports facilities can help these plans. In this paper, we investigated the contribution of public sports facilities to the reduction of the obesity of local residents. We used the data obtained from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; and measured the degree of obesity using body mass index (BMI). We conducted various spatial regression analyses including the global Moran’s I test and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation analysis finding that there exists spatial dependence in the error term of spatial regression model for BMI. However, we also observed that the number of local public sports facilities is not significantly related to local BMI. This result can be caused by the low utilization ratio and an unbalanced spatial distribution of local public sports facilities. Based on our findings, we suggest that local councils need to improve the quality of public sports facilities encouraging the establishment of preferred types of pubic sports facilities.
Detection of spatial aggregation of cases of cancer from data on patients and health centres contained in the Minimum Basic Data Set
Authors: Fernández-Navarro Pablo , Sanz-Anquela Jose-Miguel , Sánchez Pinilla Angel , Arenas Mayorga Rosario , Salido-Campos Carmen , López-Abente Gonzalo
Published: July 2018

The feasibility of the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) as a tool in cancer research was explored monitoring its incidence through the detection of spatial clusters. Case-control studies based on MBDS and marked point process were carried out with the focus on the residence of patients from the Prince of Asturias University Hospital in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain). Patients older than 39 years with diagnoses of stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, prostate, bladder and kidney cancer, melanoma and haematological tumours were selected. Geocoding of the residence address of the cases was done by locating them in the continuous population roll provided by the Madrid Statistical Institute and extracting the coordinates. The geocoded control group was a random sample of 10 controls per case matched by frequency of age and sex. To assess case clusters, differences in Ripley K functions between cases and controls were calculated. The spatial location of clusters was explored by investigating spatial intensity and its ratio between cases and controls. Results suggest the existence of an aggregation of cancers with a common risk factor such as tobacco smoking (lung, bladder and kidney cancers). These clusters were located in an urban area with high socioeconomic deprivation. The feasibility of designing and carrying out case-control studies from the MBDS is shown and we conclude that MBDS can be a useful epidemiological tool for cancer surveillance and identification of risk factors through case-control spatial point process studies.
Development of the first georeferenced map of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. in Mexico from 1970 to date and prediction of its spatial distribution
Authors: Alcala-Canto Yazmin , Figueroa-Castillo Juan Antonio , Ibarra-Velarde Froylán , Vera-Montenegro Yolanda , Cervantes-Valencia María Eugenia , Salem Abdelfattah Z.M. , Cuéllar-Ordaz Jorge Alfredo
Published: July 2018

The tick genus Ripicephalus (Boophilus), particularly R. microplus, is one of the most important ectoparasites that affects livestock health and considered an epidemiological risk because it causes significant economic losses due, mainly, to restrictions in the export of infested animals to several countries. Its spatial distribution has been tied to environmental factors, mainly warm temperatures and high relative humidity. In this work, we integrated a dataset consisting of 5843 records of Rhipicephalus spp., in Mexico covering close to 50 years to know which environmental variables mostly influence this ticks’ distribution. Occurrences were georeferenced using the software DIVA-GIS and the potential current distribution was modelled using the maximum entropy method (Maxent). The algorithm generated a map of high predictive capability (Area under the curve = 0.942), providing the various contribution and permutation importance of the tested variables. Precipitation seasonality, particularly in March, and isothermality were found to be the most significant climate variables in determining the probability of spatial distribution of Rhipicephalus spp. in Mexico (15.7%, 36.0% and 11.1%, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that Rhipicephalus has colonized Mexico widely, including areas characterized by different types of climate. We conclude that the Maxent distribution model using Rhipicephalus records and a set of environmental variables can predict the extent of the tick range in this country, information that should support the development of integrated control strategies.
Quantifying human-environment interactions using videography in the context of infectious disease transmission
Authors: Julian Timothy R. , Bustos Carla , Kwong Laura H. , Badilla Alejandro D. , Lee Julia , Bischel Heather N. , Canales Robert A.
Published: July 2018

Quantitative data on human-environment interactions are needed to fully understand infectious disease transmission processes and conduct accurate risk assessments. Interaction events occur during an individual’s movement through, and contact with, the environment, and can be quantified using diverse methodologies. Methods that utilize videography, coupled with specialized software, can provide a permanent record of events, collect detailed interactions in high resolution, be reviewed for accuracy, capture events difficult to observe in real-time, and gather multiple concurrent phenomena. In the accompanying video, the use of specialized software to capture humanenvironment interactions for human exposure and disease transmission is highlighted. Use of videography, combined with specialized software, allows for the collection of accurate quantitative representations of human-environment interactions in high resolution. Two specialized programs include the Virtual Timing Device for the Personal Computer, which collects sequential microlevel activity time series of contact events and interactions, and LiveTrak, which is optimized to facilitate annotation of events in real-time. Opportunities to annotate behaviors at high resolution using these tools are promising, permitting detailed records that can be summarized to gain information on infectious disease transmission and incorporated into more complex models of human exposure and risk.
Ultrasonic-assisted wound debridement for scleroderma digital ulcers
Authors: Marcoccia Antonella , Salvucci Carlo , D'Alesio Tina , Nuzzo Tarquinia , Vartanian Anoush , Guastafierri Tiziana , Modesti Maria Grazia
Published: July 2018

Debridement is a key element of wound care. It involves the removal of devitalized tissue from the wound bed in order to allow wound healing. Microcirculatory ulcers in general and scleroderma ulcers in particular are extremely painful, very reactive and rather unwilling to accept aggressive local treatments of a mechanical type or surgical cleaning which can promote an abnormal phlogistic response with a necrotizing evolution. For the elimination of devitalized tissue is necessary to promote autolytic or enzymatic debridement with slow tendency towards healing frequently exposed to phlogistic infections furthermore slowing healing with high risk of gangrene and amputation. Ultrasonic-assisted wound debridement uses low frequency ultrasound waves showing three clinical effects: atraumatic selective tissue debridement, wound stimulatory effect and antibacterial activity. We compare healing time, infections and procedural pain of ultrasonic debridement with autolytic debridement as for Scleroderma digital Ulcers. There is evidence to show that Ultrasonicassisted wound debridement reduces the time of healing, needing for antimicrobial therapy, the procedural pain and consequently the cost to the healthcare system improving the patients’ quality of life.
Quality of life study in Wound Care. Final report
Authors: Nebbioso Giuseppe , Albanese C. , Bonat F. , Botta A. , Corona Giovanni Vito , Costagliola Cira , Durante Corrado Maria , Falasconi Ciro , Foglietti D. , Giacinto Francesco , Longobardi Pasquale , Hoxha Klarida , Maglio Cosimo , Mattaliano Vincenzo , Menculini Massimo , Mosti Giovanni Battista , Orefice Carmela , Remafedi Sonia , Rossolini Donatella , Tafuro Felice , Petrella Francesco
Published: July 2018

In recent decades the aging of the population has led to an increase in chronic conditions responsible for various complications such as chronic skin lesions (CSL). The data provided in the literature indicate an incidence of CSL up to 3% but, in fact, little is known about the real impact of the different types of ulcers and we know even less about the quality of life and social status of the affected citizens. By quality of life we refer to the subjective perception that an individual has of their physical and psychologicalemotional health, of the position they have in life in the context of the environment within which they live and in relation to their expectations and concerns. It is a very broad concept that includes physical and psychological health, degree of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and their relationship to the principal characteristics of their environment. Their health status is therefore influenced by so-called social determinants and their understanding and evaluation is critical to the development of new social and healthcare policies. In order to evaluate the influence of social determinants on the genesis of CSL and the role that lesions have in the physical-psychological condition of patients, in January 2014 the AIUC (Italian Association of Skin Ulcers) and Simitu (Association for the rights of patients with chronic skin lesions) launched the study “Quality of life study in wound care”, a survey on the quality of life of patients suffering from CSL, whose final results are presented in this publication.
Survey on issues concerning eHealth and telemedicine in Wound Care
Authors: Falasconi Ciro , Amalfi Vincenzo , Baroni Patrizia , Corona Giovanni Vito , Durante Corrado Maria , Fanin Paola , Favaro Caterina , Fornaciari Massimo , Farris Alessandro , Galleazzi Manuela , Giacinto Francesco , Guarnera Giorgio , Lauletta Vincenzo , Marazzi Mario , Masina Marco , Mattaliano Vincenzo , Mosti Giovanni Battista , Nebbioso Giuseppe , Stanganello Francesco , Petrella Francesco
Published: July 2018

In the three months period between March and June 2016 we launched a survey on the AUIC website, open to the contribution of all members, to evaluate the dissemination and use of modern information technology in the treatment of Chronic Skin Lesions (CSL). The now ubiquitous diffusion of desktop and portable computers and mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has confirmed the World Wide Web (“the Internet”) as a tool for communication and sharing of information and knowledge. With the current daily use of the Internet and the advent of social media there are no longer any limits to communication in all social and employment contexts. In our view, it is clear that the world of wound care could, or rather should, use these important tools in order to improve the standards of care offered to patients on a daily basis. In addition, the entry of a new generation of “digital natives” in the labor market will make the use of these technologies no longer an exception, but the most absolute normality.
Sum ergo cogito: Tagore as a Thinker and Tagore as a Poet, and the Relationship between the Two
Authors: Radice William
Published: July 2018

With special attention to Tagore’s two plays Bisarjan and Acalāyatan the paper considers to what extent Tagore’s thought as expounded in his lectures and essays in English and Bengali is relevant to the understanding of his literary works. Are there dangers in reading his works through the filter of his ideas and ideals? Would his creative works seem different if we pretended that his discursive writings did not exist? The paper addresses such questions in order to suggest a fresh approach to Tagore in his 150th anniversary year (2011).
Wherever We Find Friends there Begins a New Life: Tagore and China
Authors: Rošker Jana
Published: July 2018

Tagore made a deep impression upon the Chinese culture and society. In 1923, the Jiangxue she 講學社 (Beijing Lecture Association) invited Rabindranath Tagore to deliver a series of talks. The Jiangxue she Association was established in September 1920 and represented one of the many institutions that came to life in China during the May Fourth Movement. Since then, almost all of his works in English have been translated into Chinese. He came to China just when the latter was beginning her Renaissance and his visit certainly gave a great impetus to this new movement. His poems of Stray Birds and The Crescent Moon have created new styles of prosody in the new Chinese poetry. A Crescent Moon Society (for poetry) and a Crescent Moon magazine were started immediately after this event by Hu Shi 胡适 (Hu 2002: 90). During his visit, Tagore raised two basic questions, one about the relation between tradition and modernity, and the other about the usual identification of modernisation with Westernisation. Since the May Fourth Movement, China has also been concerned with these questions and Chinese intellectuals have come out with different answers. These questions, however, were important not only for China but for India as well. Such debates and the revaluation of various answers represented the most important condition for a consolidation of new ideologies, which formed a political basis for the changing societies of both countries.
Reception of Tagore’s Work in Croatia
Authors: Gönc Moačanin Klara
Published: July 2018

Tagore became popular in Croatia soon after he received the Nobel Prize. During the subsequent decades his fame spread in different waves. Mostly it did not depend on the artistic value of his works but was subject to external circumstances. Tagore’s popularity reached its apogee in 1926, when he visited Zagreb. The interest in his creativity has persisted till the present day, as can be concluded from a number of published articles dedicated to his work.
Prodor evropske glasbe na Kitajsko in njena recepcija v kitajski družbi
Authors: Urbanija Matic
Published: July 2018

Članek obravnava zgodovinski proces vstopa evropske glasbe na Kitajsko in njene recepcije v kitajski družbi. Ta proces, ki se je začel v začetku 17. stoletja s prihodom prvih jezuitskih misijonarjev na cesarski dvor, poteka še danes in v grobem bi ga lahko razdelili v tri obdobja. Glavna značilnost tega procesa je predvsem prehod od pasivnega sprejemanja k aktivnemu ustvarjanju in (zlo)rabi prejetega glasbenega sistema.
»Železna soba« kot osrednji simbol v Lu Xunovih novelah iz zbirke Kriki
Authors: Ilgo Tina
Published: July 2018

Pričujoči članek je analiza Lu Xunovih novel iz zbirke Kriki, ki je nastala na vrhuncu kitajskega duhovnega preporoda, med leti 1918 in 1922. Pri analizi izhajam iz predpostavke, da Lu Xunov koncept »železne sobe« predstavlja enega od osrednjih simbolnih elementov njegovega novelističnega opusa in posamezne novele povezuje v smiselno celoto ter izraža nek višji alegorični pomen.
Re-figuring Liu Xie’s Carpet: on the Rhetoric of the Wenxin diaolong
Authors: Luca Dinu
Published: July 2018

This paper analyzes and provides an alternative reading of several essential terms (gangling, maomu, and shuniu) around which Liu Xie famously articulates his vision on the structure of his Wenxin diaolong. It first examines how these key expressions produce contradictory projections when read non-figuratively; next it revisits their occurrences in earlier texts and proposes, in the case of shuniu, a significantly different reading; finally it explores the intricate intersections and rearrangements the “re-figuring” of these terms leads to. It suggests that respecting a text’s fundamental figurality should be seen as a prerequisite for accurate, nuanced and in-depth investigations.
Parodying Mao’s Image: Caricaturing in Contemporary Chinese Art
Authors: Valjakka Minna
Published: July 2018

Although Chinese contemporary artists are often criticized for creating superficial works that parody Chairman Mao without any deeper meaning, the employment of parody is a far more complex phenomenon. Instead of being representatives of Jamesonian pastiche, many artists employ varying methods of trans-contextual parody to express their mixed and even controversial intentions and notions. With a detailed structural analysis of the art works, and taking into account the socio-cultural context and the artists’ own intentions, I will show that the common assumptions—that parodying Mao is equivalent to political pop or that political pop represents pastiche—are oversimplifications of this complex phenomenon, especially when caricaturing is used as a method to violate the visual norms.
Street-naming and the Subjectivity of Taiwan: A Case Study of Taipei City
Authors: Huang Wenchuan
Published: July 2018

Taiwan has been ruled by a variety of political regimes and the different ruling elites have used Taiwan’s place names to shape their symbolic landscape. The end of World War Two witnessed the most tremendous change of place names in Taiwan when the Chinese Nationalist government or Kuomintang (KMT) established itself on the island. The traditional approach to toponymy mainly treats place names as the objective projection of culture on the physical landscape. However, recent research has turned to borrow concepts from critical theories to explore the expression of power inherent in geographical naming. This article will consider place naming as the illustration of state power on its symbolic landscape by examining all the street names in Taipei City, the capital of Taiwan.
Contested Representations of Taiwanese Baseball: Political Interpretations and Moral Values of a National Sport
Authors: Soldani Jerome
Published: July 2018

In Taiwan, baseball is a national passion that the whole society can relate to. Appeared under Japanese rule, it was enrolled in the nationalist “physical culture” (tiyu 體育) just after WWII and became, at the turn of the 1970s, the “national sport” (guoqiu 國球) and the flagship of a state isolated on the international scene. It thus provides Taiwanese society with many symbols and references which the political elite cannot afford to ignore. Deeply involved with the education of moral values, its representations are used and claimed by the main existing political and ideological forces.
Political Polarization and Gridlock as the Result of an Institutional Imbroglio in Taiwan
Authors: Clark Cal , Tan Alexander C.
Published: July 2018

Institutionalist theory argues that fairly permanent economic structures and policy-making arrangements create “institutions” which shape future policy-making and economic performance to a considerable extent (March and Olsen 1989; North 1990; Riker 1982). This perspective suggests that it might be valuable to look for the political institutions that evolved during Taiwan’s development which could have inhibited the country’s adaptability after the mid-1990s. From this perspective, Taiwan’s current institutional imbroglio results from a combination of a complex and somewhat indeterminate constitutional system, a long-time election system that contained some perverse incentives, and its long era of authoritarian rule. This paper, hence, seeks to provide an “institutionalist” explanation for the polarization and gridlock in Taiwan’s politics in the early 21st century.
Reflections of the West in Gu Cheng’s Life and Poems
Authors: MARGARITO Anna Simona
Published: July 2018

Gu Cheng (1957–1993), a prominent member of the “Misty Poets”, lived the last part of his life in the West as he was exiled in 1989. So he stayed abroad separeted from his country and people and unable to cope with the western world. Western influences can be seen even in his early production (where we can see similarities with the works of J.H. Fabre) as well as in his last cycle of poems Cheng (City), in which we can find the influence of T.S. Eliot.
The Role of the Media in Democratic Consolidation of Taiwan and Slovenia
Authors: ISTENIČ Sasa
Published: July 2018

The importance of the media in democracies has long been recognized. The media has often been seen as a preliminary mechanism of democratization process. Over the past 20 years, both Taiwan and Slovenia have been undergoing profound political changes, transforming from authoritarianism to democracy. This research will be a modest attempt to portray the significant role that media has played in the two countries’ democratization processes and draw some interesting parallels between them.
禮的「俗化」與「宗教化」--以現代中國的婚禮與喪禮為例 台灣 高雄師範大學 杜明德/“Secularization” and “Religion” of Ceremony––Modern Chinese Wedding and Funeral
Authors: TU Ming-Te
Published: July 2018

摘要中國號為「禮義之邦」，「禮」對於中國人、家族、歷史、文化、政治發展等各方面都有深遠的影響。在傳統中國，「禮」的內涵包括貴族的飲食、婚姻、喪葬、祭祀等；而其傳播的型態，則主要透過儒家三《禮》經典及儒者講授，屬於貴族之學。但「禮」做為一般人民生活的規範準則，很早就出現「俗化」的現象，此在近現代中國人的婚禮儀式中甚為明顯。從另一個角度而言，「禮」的起源，與宗教相關；而宗教理論也可以彌補「禮」在形上思想的不足，因此，「禮」也可能出現「宗教化」的現象，此在近現代中國人的喪葬儀式中亦甚為明顯。本文將針對這兩個現象加以探討。關鍵字：禮、婚禮、喪禮、俗化、宗教化Although “etiquette” is the essence of traditional culture in China, due to the development of modern society, its perspective should include the requirement of human sympathy, transformation of objects, and the role or duty associated with one’s title so that an appropriate manner can be well maintained. The times have changed and if the traditional etiquette cannot follow the steps of civilization, it will be eliminated. Contemporary Chinese weddings have become popularized and funerals religionized; however, they cannot completely meet the expectations of the Confucianists, but rather follow the development of etiquette, while conforming to the principles underlying the legislation and implementation of the rules of etiquette. Furthermore, integration can be found in the phenomenon of popularized weddings and religionized funerals, fully making it obvious that religious behavior has combined with the local wedding ceremonies. Because of the influence of Taoism and Buddhism, local folklore characteristics can be seen in funeral rites. As a result, if the connotations of the etiquette are maintained, whether it is a popularized or religionized ceremony, such etiquette can still be accepted by the society.
Prvi koraki utemeljevanja posebne vloge členka fu 夫 v stavi klasične kitajščine: Analiza besedil mojstra Han Feizija 韩非子
Authors: VRHOVSKI Jan
Published: July 2018

Kljub mnenju, ki vlada akademskim krogom, predpostavlja pričujoči članek novo interpretacijo besede fu 夫 kot uvodni členek, ki izraža posebno posplošitev pomena stavka ter posledično povzroča spremembo v nivoju veljavnosti izjave vsebovane v povedi. Osnovan na podrobni analizi besedila Han Feizi 韩非子, predstavlja prve korake v odkrivanju retorične vrednosti členka fu 夫 in njegove posebne rabe znotraj metode dialektičnega sklepanja. S pomočjo primerljivo objektivnega in konsistentnega postopka utemeljuje vsebovane intuitivno osnovane predpostavke, ki nam lahko posledično osvetlijo razumevanje nekaterih posebnih lastnosti stave klasične kitajščine. Kot intuitivni del naše razprave, pričujoči sestavek ipso facto ustvarja tudi okvir in paradigmo, od koder lahko pričnemo jezikoslovno analizo gradiva, ki sledi v nadaljevanju.
Harmonična modernizacija Kitajske ali avtonomija reda in miru
Authors: ROŠKER Jana S.
Published: July 2018

Članek obravnava idejo harmonične družbe, ki tvori jedro aktualnih družbenih ideologij v L. R. Kitajski. V ta namen jo osvetli iz treh zornih kotov, namreč skozi analizo uradnih državnih, klasičnih in modernih konfucijanskih interpretacij koncepta harmonije (he 和, hexie 和諧). Avtorica ugotovi, da uradna interpretacija teoretikov L.R. Kitajske večinoma sloni na Xunzijevi (torej legalistično – avtokratski) nadgradnji tega koncepta, medtem ko sledijo tajvanski moderni konfucijanci v svojih interpretacijah predvsem mencijanski, na idejah človečnosti in enakovrednosti temelječi, idejni liniji klasičnega konfucijanstva.
The Way of Which Warriors? Bushidō & the Samurai in Historical Perspective
Authors: FRIDAY Karl
Published: July 2018

Modern commentators have too often attempted to treat bushidō as an enduring code of behaviour readily encapsulated in simplistic notions of honour, duty, and loyalty. The historical reality, however, is anything but simple. Samurai ethics and behavioural norms varied significantly from era to era—most especially across the transition from the medieval to early modern age—and in most cases bore scant resemblance to twentieth-century fantasies about samurai comportment.
Invented Histories: The Nihon Senshi of the Meiji Imperial Japanese Army
Authors: LEDBETTER Nathan H.
Published: July 2018

Nihon Senshi (Military History of Japan) was part of the new Imperial Japanese Army’s attempt to tie itself to examples from Japan’s “warring states” period, similar to scholars who created a feudal “medieval” time in the Japanese past to fit into Western historiography, and intellectuals who discovered a “traditional” spirit called bushidō as a counterpart for English chivalry. The interpretations of these campaigns, placing the “three unifiers” of the late sixteenth century as global leaders in the modernization of military tactics and technology, show the Imperial Japanese Army’s desire to be seen as a “modern” military through its invented “institutional” history.
Lives and Afterlives of Bushidō: A Perspective from Overseas
Authors: BODIFORD William M.
Published: July 2018

Bushidō has had many different lives in many different places around the world. These transformations and afterlives constitute valuable witnesses that offer competing narratives of Japan’s modern development and of its changing roles in the world. Beyond Japan they speak to the multiple ways that the country both inspires and (sometimes) displeases other nations. These lives and afterlives also serve to illustrate the myriad ways that intersections of the local and translocal, the past and present, refract perspectives. Bushidō is not unique in its ability to assume divergent connotations and implications in accordance with the contours of the frame within which it is placed. Its elusiveness exemplifies the amorphous characteristics of our global world’s nomadic lexicon.
The Evolution of the Ancient Way of the Warrior: From the Ancient Chronicles to the Tokugawa Period
Authors: CULEDDU Maria Paola
Published: July 2018

The term bushidō is widespread today and involves history, philosophy, literature, ­sociology and religion. It is commonly believed to be rooted in the ancient “way” of the bushi or samurai, the Japanese warriors who led the country until modern times. However, even in the past the bushi were seldom represented accurately. Mostly, they were depicted as the authors thought they should be, to fulfil a certain role in society and on the political scene.By taking into account some ancient and pre-modern writings, from the 8th to the 19th centuries, from the ancient chronicles of Japan, war tales, official laws, letters, to martial arts manuals and philosophical essays, and by highlighting some of the bushidō values, this article attempts to answer the questions how and why the representation of the bushi changed from the rise of the warrior class to the end of the military government in the 19th century.
Birth in Sydney
Authors: Featherstone Lisa
Published: July 2018

Mothers in Sydney have given birth in a multitude of settings, from traditional Aboriginal environs, to the most technologically advanced hospital. From the grandmothers' law of Aboriginal birth practices, to the privation and danger of nineteenth century births in homes or institutions, to the twentieth century medicalisation of childbirth and the eventual revival of woman-centred approaches, childbirth has not been merely a natural event, worked by the body, but an event mediated by culture and social expectations.
The Dutch in Sydney
Authors: Duyker Edward
Published: July 2018

Dutch colonial ambitions and trading interests in the East Indies led to the first European visits to the Australian coast. Between 1606 and 1642, the Dutch charted most of the continent's northern, western and southern coasts. The Netherlands did not colonise Australia, but Dutch people in small numbers were present from 1788 onwards. Cornelius Du Heg, a seaman on the First Fleet transport Friendship, was possibly the first Dutchman to visit Port Jackson.
The Italians in Sydney
Authors: Cresciani Gianfranco
Published: July 2018

In 1840 the British Government abolished the transportation of convicts to New South Wales and opened the doors to free immigration. People born on the Italian peninsula began emigrating to Sydney, even before the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy on 27 March 1861.
Hornsby
Authors: Rowland Joan
Published: July 2018

Hornsby, in the parish of South Colah, is about 180 metres above sea level and is the administrative centre of Hornsby Shire. The first inhabitants of the area were from the Dharug language group. Timbergetting was the first industry around Hornsby, with the felling of the blue gums and ironbarks that grew along the ridges. One of the first permanent residents, Thomas Edward Higgins, settled in the district in 1832 although he had been granted land in Old Man’s Valley in 1824. He started selling timber from the valley in 1835 and also made a living from farming the rich alluvial soils and establishing orchards on the slopes of Old Man’s Valley, so named because of the ‘old man’ kangaroos that grazed there. Now called Hornsby Valley, it is the site of an ancient volcano and was quarried for more than 100 years, producing gravel and road base. Geologically it is of interest because of its unusual volcanic diatremes or plugs.
Hurlstone Park
Authors: Muir Lesley , Madden Brian
Published: July 2018

Hurlstone Park, in the City of Canterbury, is part of the traditional land of the Wangal people. Hawkesbury sandstone outcrops form cliffs above Cooks River at the southern edge of the suburb, and two small creeks once ran down the hill from the Canterbury Road ridge, ending in wetlands along the river bank.
Sydenham
Authors: Meader Chrys
Published: July 2018

Sydenham, a suburb of the Marrickville local government area, is located six kilometres south west of Sydney. The traditional owners of the land were Cadigal of the Eora nation.Sydenham was named after the London suburb of Sydenham, part of the inner London borough of Lewisham. Sydenham is only two kilometres from Kingsford-Smith Airport and lies directly under the flight path of the third runway, constructed 1992–94. A large segment of Sydenham no longer exists as it was deemed uninhabitable because of aircraft noise. One hundred and fifty two homes, covering an area of 4.5 hectares, were acquired and demolished by the Commonwealth Government. Demolition began on 27 September 1995 amid large protests which prevented the work from proceeding for several days. Significant heritage buildings were retained. The resulting vacant land was named Sydenham Green. It is replete with symbols of the loss of this old residential area.The history of Sydenham is tightly interwoven with the neighbouring suburbs of St Peters and Tempe. These triplet suburbs share common characteristics of development, which are not easily unravelled.
Hospitals
Authors: Godden Judith
Published: July 2018

A hospital was one of the first European institutions set up in Australia in 1788. The aim in this article is to summarise the ensuring events, and particularly to demonstrate how hospitals have dramatically changed. One theme is to clarify the nature of convict hospitals and the low level of care expected in charity hospitals during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Other themes are the impact of medical innovations, and the strong and increasingly interventionist role of the state in hospital governance. More recently, a theme has been the closure of small hospitals and the development of large hospital complexes. Throughout, the role of nurses has been crucial as they have provided the bulk of hospital care. Hospitals have always been plagued by scandals but the striking feature throughout their history in Sydney is the strength of the demand for hospital care.
Advertising
Authors: Crawford Robert
Published: July 2018

Sydney is Australia’s advertising capital and the relationship between the city and the advertising industry stretches back to the earliest years of European settlement. Advertising helped propel commercial activity in Sydney and the advertising industry has been no less active in shaping Sydney, illuminating the city’s skyline and streetscape, and influencing the lives of all Sydneysiders – from suburban consumers to esteemed artists. Moreover, advertising has promoted the city itself as a must-see destination for tourists or a backdrop for the latest blockbuster film.
The Lebanese in Sydney
Authors: Monsour Anne , Convy Paul
Published: July 2018

Since their arrival in the second half of the nineteenth century, the Lebanese in Sydney have made the city their home and have endeavoured to contribute positively to their new society as full and active citizens, despite their status as ‘undesirable immigrants’ and the extensive legislative discrimination they faced as non-Europeans. Through enterprise and hard work, they have sought to achieve economic well-being for their families and better prospects for their children. The Lebanese community in Sydney is heterogeneous, although Arabic-speaking, and for over 100 years has contributed to the city’s cultural and religious diversity.
The coal lumpers of Sydney
Authors: Beasley Margo
Published: July 2018

The occupation of coal lumper receded from public view and from historical awareness as the use of coal for steam power declined through the last century. But in the early twentieth century coal lumpers were a substantial presence on the Sydney waterfront, because coal was essential for a steam-driven international economy. In Australia coal lumpers are often subsumed within the historically dominant wharf labourers’ story because, like wharf labourers, they also loaded and unloaded ships, and in many ports unions representing the two occupations often amalgamated.
The Brazilians in Sydney
Authors: Rocha Cristina
Published: July 2018

Brazil has traditionally been a country that received inflows of migrants. However, in the last two decades of the twentieth century the flow has been reversed. Since the early 1980s, many Brazilians have emigrated, due to a socio-economic crisis that has resulted in massive social inequalities and rampant crime and violence. According to the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, four million people have left the country. The largest communities are in the US, Paraguay and Japan.
Theatre
Authors: McPherson Ailsa
Published: July 2018

From the first recorded colonial performance, on board the First Fleet ship Scarborough, to the twenty-first century's established theatrical scene, theatre in Sydney has both initiated and reflected cultural change. Affected by economic conditions, licensing laws, moral attitudes, national identity and technological developments, theatre has mirrored the development of the city and remained a popular art form.
Carss Park
Authors: Grellis Alison
Published: July 2018

The Gameygal (Kameygal) clan, members of the Dharug language group, originally inhabited the area now known as Carss Park, on the foreshores of Kogarah Bay. After white settlement of the Sydney Harbour region, the area was slow to develop and remained, until the early twentieth century, a rural farming and bushland community. However, when the first auction of land on the Carss Bush Estate took place on 26 January 1924 amidst great fanfare, development of the area got a foothold.
Scotland Island
Authors: Macleod Virginia
Published: July 2018

Scotland Island lies towards the southern end of Pittwater, in the lands of the Guringai, the original inhabitants of this area. In nearby Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, there are numerous rock engravings carved by the Guringai people.Middens, containing remnants of shells and fish at places where generations of Guringai dined, have been found on the northern and western parts of Scotland Island. European settlers extracted shells from these middens on the Pittwater foreshore and shipped them to Sydney, to be used for lime to make mortar (although there is no record of this happening on the island).
Seven Hills
Authors: Brook Jack
Published: July 2018

Seven Hills, popularly known as ‘Sevo’, is a suburb of the City of Blacktown.When white men first arrived, the district was covered in open forest. A clan of the Dharug tribe, probably part of the Toogagal or Toongabbie clan, were the original inhabitants of the land. The Weymaly (Warmuli) or Prospect clan was the other local Aboriginal group.On 22 April 1788 – within four months of the settlement at Port Jackson – Governor Phillip and party reached Prospect Hill, from where they would have seen what was to become the suburb of Seven Hills.