bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medizinische und dämonologische Abhandlungen über den psychophysischen Dualismus im deutschen Cartesianismus des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Omodeo Pietro Daniel
Published: July 2016

Die grundlegende Verschiedenheit von Körper und Geist, der sogenannte psychophysische Dualismus, zählt zu den Hauptpostulaten cartesianischer Philosophie. Trotz der damit einhergehenden Unmöglichkeit eines Wissens über den Körper findet sich sowohl bei Descartes als auch bei den deutschen Cartesianern des 17. Jahrhunderts ein umfangreicher psychophysiologischer Diskurs. Mein Beitrag rekonstruiert diese praktische Aneignung des psychophysischen Dualismus anhand dreier medizinischer Disputationen sowie einer dä- monologischen Abhandlung aus dem Umfeld der Universität Frankfurt/Oder. Hierdurch soll aufgezeigt werden, dass der cartesianische Dualismus eine Untersuchung der psychophysischen Einheit des Menschen, ein Wissen über den Körper, nicht verhindert, sondern eher neue Körpertheorien und -praktiken hervorbringt.
Körperwissen, Tradition und Innovation in der babylonischen Medizin
Authors: Steinert Ulrike
Published: July 2016

Was wussten die babylonischen Heilkundigen über die Anatomie und Physiologie des menschlichen Körpers? In diesem Beitrag analysiert die Autorin altmesopotamische Schriftquellen für medizinisches Körperwissen und diskutiert die praktisch-empirischen Grundlagen antiker Körperkonzepte, die maßgeblich auf der heilkundlichen Praxis, auf leiblichen Erfahrungen sowie auf Analogien zur Tieranatomie und zu Prozessen in der Lebensumwelt basieren. Ein Schwerpunkt der Studie liegt auf den Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Körperkonzepten, Krankheitstheorien und Heilungsstrategien im Spannungsfeld physiologischer, umweltbezogener und numinoser Krankheitsursachen. Zudem werden innovative Entwicklungen in den heilkundlichen Keilschrifttexten des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr. thematisiert, wobei die Astro-Medizin und die Herausbildung physiologischer Modelle (Vier-Organ-System) sowie der Vergleich mit ähnlichen Systematisierungen medizinischen Wissens in China und Griechenland im Mittelpunkt stehen.
Nordic Walking as primary and secondary prevention of civilization diseases
Authors: Zalińska Katarzyna , Olszanowska Katarzyna
Published: July 2016

This work presents available knowledge about Nordic Walking as a new form of physical activity that is appropriate for every person, who is able to walk independently, regardless of age. The study was based on information provided in available literature. The first part described the impact of low physical activity on human health and the development of civilization diseases. The second part presents an analysis of biomechanical and physiological gait of Nordic Walking. The third part concerns the possibility of applying marches with poles in prevention and treatment of civilization diseases - osteoporosis, obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Alexithymia and body-self relations among patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Kuty-Pachecka Marta , Stefańska Katarzyna
Published: July 2016

The aim of the study: The aim of the study was the assessment of alexithymia and body-self relations among patients with alopecia areata.

Material and methods: The study included 79 people: 30 with alopecia areata and 49 healthy individuals, showing no psychodermatological disorders (control group). During the study, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26) and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) were used.

Results: The subjects had a high level of alexithymia. Moreover, the persons less satisfied with their bodies dominated in the group diagnosed with alopecia areata.

Conclusions: Alexithymia and lesser satisfaction with own is characteristic for patients with alopecia areata. These data suggest that it is necessary to make a proper psychological evaluation for integral treatment of alopecia areata.
Motor performance of Roma pupils in the first grade of primary schools in Slovakia
Authors: Bartík Pavol
Published: July 2016

The aim of research was to Roma pupils in the first grade of primary schools ascertain the essential characteristics somatometric and their level of physical performance. The research was done at the end of the school year 2013/2014. The sample included from 188 students aged 7th to 10th years in primary schools in the districts of Rimavská Sobota and Rožňava. Physically we investigated the performance test battery EUROFIT. Our research group was compared with a nationwide non-Roma pupils by Moravec et al. [11]. Test battery EUROFIT: flamingo balance test, plate tapping, hand dynamometer, sit-ups 30 s, standing broad jump, bent arm hang, shuttle run 10 × 5 meters, shuttle endurance run. When comparing the performance of our group of Roma boys and girls aged 7-10 years to the general population by Moravec et al. [11], we found out that Roma pupils were significantly worse.
The conflict between mind and body – the case of Mrs. R.
Authors: Stępień Agnieszka , Chładzińska-Kiejna Sylwia , Salamon-Krakowska Katarzyna
Published: July 2016

Dissociative psychopathology is understood as an immature defence mechanism of personality, based on the techniques of reality distortion. The natural cause of a disorder reflects the lack of sense of coherence between identity, memory, awareness, perception and consequently - goal orientated action. Its symptoms manifest the separation of emotions, thoughts and behaviours bound with an event in order to maintain an illusory sense of control of demanding and unbearable experience.

We describe the case of a 57-year-old woman suffering from broad range of dissociative symptoms from early childhood. Decomposition of integrity between memories, a sense of self-identity and control of the body has become the cause of numerous suicide attempts, multiple psychiatric hospitalizations and not fully effective therapy attempts. Destructive influence of psychopathological symptoms negatively influenced patient’s life course, decisions made as well as family, work and social life.
Disgust – cultural and psychological conditions of „natural“ bodily reaction
Authors: Dobrowolski Robert
Published: July 2016

An infant does not experience the boundary between its Self and the outside world. Its body is like a fortress to be guarded against the assailing alien reality. At first, the child’s doting parents assume the role of guardians explaining what is “clean” and what is “unclean” as well as what should be appropriated. On the body level subject creating processes become apparent much earlier than it was postulated by Freud and Lacan, long before the maturing individual is subjected to cultural initiation. The processes of bodily self-separation precede language acquisition. According to Kristeva “abjection” not only predates but is also a condition of achieving symbolic identity.
Types and incidences of sport injuries in male volleyball and handball players
Authors: Mońka Magdalena , Jagintowicz Magdalena , Chudzik Weronika
Published: July 2016

Sport training has many positive aspects but it may also cause negative results. Injuries are intrinsic to the practice of physical exercise. The aim of the study was to determine the types and incidence of injuries in volleyball and handball players. Subject and methods. 71 professional volleyball and handball players took part in the study. The age of sportsmen ranged between 19 and 40 years. The authors’ own questionnaire used in the study-composed of two parts. One incorporated demographic data, and the other contained questions related to types of sport injuries, their locations, types of treatment, and the length of the injury-related break from training. Results. Handball players suffered more injuries than volleyball players. The most frequent injury in both studied groups was ankle sprain. Tearings of muscles, tendons, and ligaments, fractures, and bruising are more common in handball players than volleyball players. Lower limbs were the most affected body parts in both disciplines. Landing was the main reason of damage. The majority of respondents used physiotherapy treatment after the sport injury. Conclusion. There was an average of 3.7 injuries among handball players and 2.9 among volleyball players. The principal injury in both groups was ankle sprain. Tearings of muscles, tendons, ligaments, as well as fractures and bruising are more common in handball players than volleyball players. Lower limbs were the most affected body parts in both groups. Injury to the trunk, head, and neck appeared the least frequently. In both groups of respondents, the injuries were mostly incurred during landing. The majority of participants used physiotherapy treatments after injury. Laser treatment and cryotherapy were the most frequently chosen physiotherapy treatments, with manual therapy used the least.
Estimation of the effective focal spot sizes in medical diagnostic X-ray tube assemblies
Authors: Grabska Iwona , Fabiszewska Ewa , Pasicz Katarzyna , Skrzyński Witold
Published: July 2016

For evaluation of the effective focal spot sizes (EFSS), a method suggested by the EN 60336:2005 standard (standard) could be used. In this study we checked whether it is possible to make some deviations from the requirements of the standard without a significant effect on the result. An image receptor with one intensifying screen or two intensifying screens may be used, but the optical value of the slit image shall be in the range of 1.0÷1.4 and the X-ray tube power shall be ranged of about 30%÷50% of the nominal anode input power. A precision scaled magnifier (magnification of 5÷10x and scale of 0.1 mm) may be used for the slit radiogram width measurement instead of a time-consuming scanning of the slit radiogram. These deviations from the requirements of the EN 60336:2005 standard allows to shorten measurement time and to decrease tube current value during X-ray exposures, which reduces the risk of the Xray tube damage.
Treatment of recalcitrant viral warts using a 577-nm wavelength high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser
Authors: Bigge Bianca , Bigge Stefan
Published: July 2016

We report the use of a 577-nm wavelength high-power optically pumped semiconductor laser (HOPSL) to treat 12 patients with multiple recalcitrant non-genital warts that had not responded to conservative and invasive treatment. The patients were treated weekly using a 577 nm HOPSL connected to a scanner device. Ten patients with warts showed complete clearance after treatment. One patient had partial clearance and one did not respond at all. Slight to medium pain (visual analog scale, VAS=2–6) was reported during treatment. After treatment there was no evidence of scarring. After the 6-month follow-up there was no recurrence of the completely cleared warts.
Enhancing the potential of employing thermosetting powder recyclates as filler in LLDPE by structural modifications
Authors: Kismet Yilmaz , Wagner Manfred H.
Published: July 2016

Potential of using powder coating recyclates as filler material for polyethylene compounds was investigated. Due to their strong adhesion to the metal surface during compounding at extrusion temperatures higher than 100°C, the coating powder recyclates were chemically modified to facilitate its processing by extrusion and injection molding at higher temperatures. For this purpose, the coating powder recyclates were first hydrolyzed with addition of an alcohol as swelling agent. The deactivated recyclates were mixed at different ratios with the matrix polymer, a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE). The mixtures obtained were then compounded by extrusion and subsequently injection molded to plates to produce specimens for testing. The resulting samples were characterized mechanically by tensile, bending, and impact strength tests. In summary, the powder coatings recyclates can be processed as filler for thermoplastic material, without any adhesion problems up to 160°C and 180°C in the extruder and in the injection molding machine, respectively.
Time Course of Changes in Neuromuscular Parameters During Sustained Isometric Muscle Actions
Authors: Smith Cory M. , Housh Terry J. , Herda Trent J. , Zuniga Jorge M. , Camic Clayton L. , Bergstrom Haley C. , Smith Doug B. , Weir Joseph P. , Hill Ethan C. , Cochrane Kristen C. , Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O.
Published: July 2016

Smith, CM, Housh, TJ, Herda, TJ, Zuniga, JM, Camic, CL, Bergstrom, HC, Smith, DB, Weir, JP, Hill, EC, Cochrane, KC, Jenkins, NDM, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. Time course of changes in neuromuscular parameters during sustained isometric muscle actions. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2697–2702, 2016—The objective of the present study was to identify the time course of changes in electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) time and frequency domain parameters during a sustained isometric muscle action of the leg extensors at 50% maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The EMG and MMG signals were measured from the vastus lateralis of 11 subjects to identify when motor unit activation strategies changed throughout the sustained isometric muscle action. The EMG amplitude (muscle activation) had a positive linear relationship (p = 0.018, r
2 = 0.77) that began to increase at the initiation of the muscle action and continued until task failure. Electromyographic frequency (motor unit action potential conduction velocity) and MMG frequency (global motor unit firing rate) had negative quadratic relationships (p = 0.002, R
2 = 0.99; p = 0.015, R
2 = 0.94) that began to decrease at 30% of the time to exhaustion. The MMG amplitude (motor unit activation) had a cubic relationship (p = 0.001, R
2 = 0.94) that increased from 10 to 30% of the time to exhaustion, then decreased from 40 to 70% of the time to exhaustion, and then markedly increased from 70% to task failure. The time course of changes in the neuromuscular parameters suggested that motor unit activation strategies changed at approximately 30 and 70% of the time to exhaustion during the sustained isometric muscle action. These findings indicate that the time course of changes in neuromuscular responses provide insight into the strategies used to delay the effects of fatigue and are valuable tools for quantifying changes in the fatiguing process during training programs or supplementation research.
Flying under the radar: treatment of refractory hyperglycemia
Authors: Kandel S M , Cosgriff J A
Published: July 2016

Clinicians are often presented with the scenario of what to do when one medication in a drug class has failed a therapeutic trial on a patient. We encountered a patient who developed profound resistance to glargine, aspart and regular insulin, but had a rapid and sustained response to detemir. The mechanism of the increased sensitivity to detemir is unclear, but may be related to an additional carbon chain on detemir shielding it from an antibody response. This case highlights the profound impact that subtle differences in molecular structure can have on biological activity and thus patient outcomes.

Learning points

Subtle differences in molecular structure can have a profound impact on biological activity, and thus patient outcomes.

Poor outcomes with one medication in a drug class should not be used to rule out the efficacy of all related medications.

Detemir has been shown to be less immunogenic than other insulins, and should be considered in patients with insulin resistance.
Practice Patterns in Medicaid and Non-Medicaid Asthma Admissions
Authors: Silber Jeffrey H. , Rosenbaum Paul R. , Wang Wei , Calhoun Shawna , Guevara James P. , Zorc Joseph J. , Even-Shoshan Orit
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

With American children experiencing increased Medicaid coverage, it has become especially important to determine if practice patterns differ between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients. Auditing such potential differences must carefully compare like patients to avoid falsely identifying suspicious practice patterns. We asked if we could observe differences in practice patterns between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients admitted for asthma inside major children’s hospitals.

METHODS:

A matched cohort design, studying 17 739 matched pairs of children (Medicaid to non-Medicaid) admitted for asthma in the same hospital between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2014 in 40 Children’s Hospital Association hospitals contributing data to the Pediatric Hospital Information System database. Patients were matched on age, sex, asthma severity, and other patient characteristics.

RESULTS:

Medicaid patient median cost was $4263 versus $4160 for non-Medicaid patients (P < .001). Additionally, the median cost difference (Medicaid minus non-Medicaid) between individual pairs was only $84 (95% confidence interval: 44 to 124), and the mean cost difference was only $49 (95% confidence interval: –72 to 170). The 90th percentile costs were also similar between groups ($10 710 vs $10 948; P < .07). Length of stay (LOS) was also very similar; both groups had a median stay of 1 day, with a similar percentage of patients exceeding the 90th percentile of individual hospital LOS (7.1% vs 6.7%; P = .14). ICU use was also similar (10.1% vs 10.6%; P = .12).

CONCLUSIONS:

For closely matched patients within the same hospital, Medicaid status did not importantly influence costs, LOS, or ICU use.
Randomized n-of-1 Trials: Quality Improvement, Research, or Both?
Authors: Samuel Joyce P. , Burgart Alyssa , Wootton Susan H. , Magnus David , Lantos John D. , Tyson Jon E.
Published: July 2016

The regulatory demarcations between clinical research and quality improvement (QI) are ambiguous and controversial. Some projects that were undertaken as a form of QI were deemed by regulatory agencies to be research and thus to require institutional review board approval. In the era of personalized medicine, some physicians may ask some patients to participate in n-of-1 trials in an effort to personalize and optimize each patient’s medical treatment. Should such activities be considered research, QI, or just excellent personalized medicine? Experts in research, research regulation, and bioethics analyze these issues.
La Gerencia Pública Territorial Frente a los Estados de Excepción: Calamidad Pública, Económica, Ecológica y Social
Authors: Urrego Estrada Gleidy Alexandra , Gutiérrez Ossa Jahír Alexander , Carmona Maldonado Jefferson
Published: July 2016

El artículo se pregunta de manera concreta, los escenarios sobre los cuales está apreciada para las administraciones locales, la atención de los estados de emergencia, en tanto, calamidad pública, económica, ecológica y social, bajo la lupa de la ola invernal que periódicamente padece el país.  La perspectiva teórica se basa en el Estado de Excepción y Estructura Institucional Central y Descentralizada en Colombia. El enfoque metodológico es el sistémico. En tanto, no se han encontrado en los mecanismos de la administración central y descentralizada forma de pasar a la mitigación y reparación, a abordarse como un campo crónico a la realidad territorial del país y, que por lo tanto debe, contemplarse en los procesos de ordenamiento y planeación territorial.  Los pocos recursos, la eficiencia en la distribución de presupuesto, la baja intervención en la geografía nacional y el aparente estado de merced a la que está expuesto el país, coinciden con la debilidad institucional.
Un análisis de la resiliencia en Quito, 1980-2015
Authors: Cuvi Nicolás
Published: July 2016

El artículo contiene una reflexión sobre resiliencia en Quito, desde c.1980 hasta el presente. Se distingue entre prácticas que contribuyen o no a tener una ciudad sustentable, relacionadas con expansión urbana, movilidad, apropiación de agua, contaminación del aire, parques, agricultura, restauración ecológica y residuos sólidos. Se observa que pese a la creciente cantidad de actividades sustentables, las insustentables predominan. Se analiza el papel que podría tener la consideración de derechos de la naturaleza y derecho a la naturaleza para construir trayectorias de sustentabilidad.
Trayectoria, evolución y estructura del sistema de ciudades: el caso de la región del Bío-Bío (Chile)
Authors: Maturana Miranda Francisco , Rojas Böttner Andrés , Poblete López David
Published: July 2016

La interacción espacial es uno de los fundamentos principales para comprender las dinámicas que se desarrollan en el espacio geográfico. Los sistemas de ciudades se comportan bajo esta lógica espacial y las interacciones entre centros urbanos determinan, en gran medida, las relaciones de dependencia y diferenciación que plasman estos en el territorio. En este artículo se analiza el sistema de ciudades de la región del Bío-Bío (Chile), a partir de datos de población, metodología de la teoría de grafos y clasificación ascendente jerárquica. Los resultados expresan la estabilidad jerárquica de los centros poblados, el incremento de las disparidades espaciales y la decadencia de las ciudades pequeñas e intermedias, explicado por procesos histórico-económicos y aspectos funcionales.
Las centralidades urbanas como espacios concebidos: referentes técnicos e ideológicos de los modelos territoriales del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) de Bogotá (Colombia)
Authors: Beuf Alice
Published: July 2016

El artículo indaga la dimensión concebida de las centralidades urbanas en el marco de la planeación urbana de Bogotá, partiendo de los planteamientos lefebvrianos que analizan las centralidades urbanas como lugares reveladores de las tensiones en los modelos urbanos. La investigación deconstruye las concepciones urbanísticas de la centralidad, entendiendo que estas últimas se nutren con los pensamientos científicos contemporáneos a ellas. Se apoya en un análisis de los discursos, a partir del estudio de documentos de urbanismo y entrevistas que sirven para ubicar estas concepciones urbanísticas en su contexto histórico, intelectual, urbano, social, político y económico; con el fin de identificar continuidades y herencias, a pesar de las profundas transformaciones de una ciudad de rápido crecimiento.
La metropolización afectada por la globalización: reflexión epistemológica sobre la nueva revolución urbana
Authors: Martínez Toro Pedro Martín
Published: July 2016

El artículo se propone demostrar cómo la urbanización contemporánea presenta una inflexión entre la metropolización producto de la revolución industrial y la metropolización asociada a factores de la globalización, al punto que cabría postular la existencia de una auténtica revolución urbana. Metodológicamente, se revisan algunos neologismos y descripciones relevantes que aluden al fenómeno, para identificar los que serían los atributos más reincidentes de los cambios metropolitanos. Los aportes del artículo se centran en el reconocimiento de la emergencia de unos nuevos territorios metropolitanos, relativos a las particularidades sociales, históricas y geográficas de cada territorio, en la descripción de sus rasgos determinantes y en el planteamiento de la necesidad de construir una nueva epistemología para estudiar la urbanización contemporánea.
HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS: INTEGRATING A TEACHING HOSPITAL INTO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Authors: Coelho Ana Paula Cunha , Larocca Liliana Muller , Chaves Maria Marta Nolasco , Felix Jorge Vinicius Cestari , Bernardino Elizabeth , Alessi Sandra Mara
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Qualitative, exploratory and interventionist case study at a teaching hospital of Paraná, with the objective of proposing a Tuberculosis Healthcare Management model focused on the hospital discharge, with a view to comprehensive care for patients with tuberculosis. Interviews were conducted with key informants (17 subjects), using the Theory of Nursing Praxis Intervention in Collective Health as the theoretical and methodological framework, with its three interdependent dimensions used as analytical categories. Weakness was revealed in the protocols for hospitalized patient care, insufficient integration between levels of care and the need for direct communication between the hospital and primary care nurses. In view of this result, a Healthcare Management Model, expressed as a flow of care with matrix support, nursing consultation and phone contact between nurses. The implementation of this model will lead to greater integration between the levels of care, permitting improvements in patient monitoring with greater probability of treatment compliance.
MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR HOSPITAL INPATIENT CARE UNITS
Authors: Lorenzetti Jorge , Gelbcke Francine Lima , Vandresen Lara
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT In Brazil there are over 18.5 million hospitalizations every year. Inpatient care units lack management technology that is capable of providing both users and professionals with a better experience. The PRAXIS management system fulfills this demand. The software is registered under patent 14196-6. This article's objective is to describe the PRAXIS technology and its construction process and to analyze its results after one year of use in an inpatient care unit. Methodological research served as the basis for creation of the software, and quasi-experimental study realized for the intervention in an inpatient care unit. Results present the structure of the technology and the effects of its implementation. Some aspects that emerged were improvements in the unit's performance linked to participative planning, care processes management, human resources management, resource management, quality control, and use of the electronic panel. The nursing team and an external assessment committee positively evaluated the technology. Its consolidation requires a maturation process, because it is a valuable and innovative resource for the performance of inpatient care units.
COMPETENCY BUILDING FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHANGE IN THE CARE MODEL
Authors: Netto Luciana , Silva Kênia Lara , Rua Marília dos Santos
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Case study based on the theoretical and methodological framework of dialectics, aimed at analyzing competency building for health promotion, from the perspective of graduates from a nursing course and its relation to change in the care model. Interviews focused on competencies were held with ten graduates. Data were analyzed using critical discourse perspective. The results show that the competencies for health promotion, defined by two internacional consensus, were discussed in the course of the nursing education process. The discourses demonstrate that competency building for health promotion in nursing education can foster change in the care model, despite the challenges in this process. Curricular strategies like contact with reality through the immersion of students in the practical scenario since the beginning of the course and community service and research activities can contribute to competency building for health promotion in nursing education and foster the change in the care model.
CHILD GROWTH: CONCEPT ANALYSIS
Authors: Monteiro Flávia Paula Magalhães , Araujo Thelma Leite de , Cavalcante Tahissa Frota , Leandro Telma Alteniza , Sampaio Filho Silvestre Péricles Cavalcante
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the concept of child growth by identifying the attributes and consequences that make up the phenomenon. The concept analysis was supported by 41 studies and based on the evolutionary analysis model and integrative literature review. Five databases, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched to select articles. The search found that growth has presented different connotations, including social and physiological aspects, which are part of the physical domain of child development. Attributes, antecedents, and consequences identified provide an overview of the phenomenon analyzed, because these point out several aspects previously related to other studies on child growth. The theoretical understanding about child growth can offer nurses in-depth knowledge about factors involved in this process, facilitating intervention-based decision-making.
Sustainable supply chain management: current debate and future directions
Authors: Silvestre Bruno
Published: July 2016

Abstract This paper is a research brief on sustainable supply chain management and covers some of the key elements of literature’s past debate and trends for future directions. It highlights the growth of this research area and reinforces the importance of a full consideration of all three key dimensions of sustainability when managing sustainable supply chains, i.e., the financial, environmental and social dimensions. Therefore, supply chain decision makers need to unequivocally assess the impact of their decisions on the financial, environmental and social performances of their supply chains. This paper also argues that risks and opportunities are the key drivers for supply chain decision makers to adopt sustainability within their operations, and that barriers to sustainability adoption exist. This research highlights that, depending on the focus adopted, supply chains can evolve and shift from more traditional to more sustainable approaches over time. The paper concludes with some promising avenues for future investigation.
O ciclo de valor e o preço dos medicamentos
Authors: Portela Maria da Conceição Constantino
Published: July 2016

Resumo Desde o acesso ao mercado até o termo da comercialização, os medicamentos percorrem ciclos de valor, que são aferidos pelo desempenho de variáveis endógenas e exógenas ao medicamento. Os ciclos de valor constituem intervalos de tempo durante o qual o valor se mantém constante. A definição do preço dos medicamentos deve ter lugar em função do valor observado em cada ciclo. O contrato como instrumento de regulação das relações jurídicas administrativas com os titulares das autorizações de utilização de medicamentos, dispositivos médicos e outras tecnologias de saúde compromete-os com os objetivos do sistema de saúde em que se inserem, enquadrando as condições de comparticipação ou aquisição mediante avaliação prévia.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA TERMOTERAPIA NO GANHO DE FLEXIBILIDADE DOS MÚSCULOS ISQUIOTIBIAIS
Authors: Andrade Filho José Herivelton Cardoso de , Santo Thales Costa e Silva do Espírito , Facó Samara Géssica Germano , Magalhães Alessandra Tanuri , Silva Baldomero Antonio Kato da , Minghini Barbara Visiglia , Silva Cristiano Sales da , Cardoso Vinícius Saura
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Introdução: A flexibilidade muscular é descrita como a capacidade do músculo realizar a extensão de suas fibras, influenciando a mobilidade articular. A diatermia aplicada à musculatura prepara o corpo para atividades físicas, por acelerar o metabolismo das fibras musculares e diminuir a resistência intramuscular, aumentando assim a variedade de movimento e a eficiência mecânica. A crioterapia tem diversas funções fisiológicas quando aplicada ao corpo humano, as quais, em conjunto, propiciam o relaxamento muscular. Objetivo: Avaliar o comportamento da flexibilidade dos músculos isquiotibiais frente à aplicação de alongamento passivo associado a termoterapias quente e fria. Métodos: Este estudo foi composto de 24 voluntários, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos, sendo eles: grupo alongamento passivo (G1), grupo crioterapia precedendo alongamento passivo (G2) e grupo diatermia precedendo alongamento passivo (G3). Os voluntários foram submetidos a avaliações de amplitude de movimento através da goniometria da flexão de quadril com o joelho estendido, sendo uma avaliação inicial realizada antes de iniciar o protocolo e reavaliações ao final de cada uma das quatro semanas de intervenção. Resultados: Verificou-se aumento significativo da flexão de quadril no G2 e G3 com relação ao G1. Não houve diferença estatística entre G2 e G3. Conclusão: O uso da diatermia, assim como da crioterapia, associado ao alongamento passivo é favorável para o ganho de flexibilidade muscular e, consequentemente, de amplitude de movimento em jovens saudáveis.
KINESIO TAPING NÃO ALTERA A RELAÇÃO EMG ENTRE VASTO LATERAL E VASTO MEDIAL DURANTE MEIO-AGACHAMENTO
Authors: Serrão Julio Cerca , Claudino João Gustavo , Miyashiro Pedro Luis Sampaio , Mezêncio Bruno , Soncin Rafael , Pomi Eric , Borges Eduardo , Silva Miranne Cardoso da , Gloria Igor Philip , Zanetti Vinicius , Mochizuki Luis , Amadio Alberto Carlos
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Introdução: Kinesio Taping é uma técnica realizada com aplicação de fitas elásticas sobre a pele, que se propõe a produzir determinados efeitos com fins de prevenção e tratamento das lesões musculoesqueléticas. No entanto, os meios pelos quais tais efeitos ocorrem continuam sendo investigados e discutidos, principalmente no que diz respeito à utilização no campo da reabilitação e do esporte. Objetivo: Analisar a relação da atividade eletromiográfica encontrada nos músculos vasto lateral (VL) e vasto medial (VM) em duas condições: sem aplicação de Kinesio Taping (GnKT) e com aplicação de Kinesio Taping (GKT) em uma população saudável, com experiência em treinamento de força. Métodos: Dezoito sujeitos do sexo masculino (idade: 28,1 ± 6,9 anos; massa corporal: 85,5 ± 8,3 kg; estatura: 179,5 ± 6,9 cm; comprimento de membro inferior: 97,0 ± 4,2 cm) realizaram o exercício de meio-agachamento livre, com velocidade controlada, sem e com aplicação de Kinesio Taping. A relação foi verificada pela proporção de magnitude de ativação (VM/VL), utilizando-se os valores de root mean square (RMS). A sequência para realização dos exercícios nas condições mencionadas foi randomizada e balanceada. Resultados: Os valores encontrados para a razão VM/VL na situação GnKT foram de 83,96 ± 5,79% para VM e 84,13 ± 7,16% para VL. Já na situação GKT, 84,55 ± 16,97% para VM e 80,53 ± 9,20% para VL. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos valores de RMS para a relação VM/VL submetidos a aplicação de Kinesio Taping. Conclusão: A aplicação de Kinesio Taping não demonstrou influenciar a relação da atividade eletromiográfica entre os músculos vasto lateral e vasto medial durante a execução do exercício de meio-agachamento.
RESPOSTAS DE INDICADORES FISIOLÓGICOS A UM JOGO DE FUTEBOL
Authors: Bezerra Jader de Andrade , Farias Neméia de Oliveira , Melo Sandro Victor Alves , Silva Romeu Paulo Martins , Castro Antônio Clodoaldo Melo de , Martins Faber Sérgio Bastos , Santos José Augusto Rodrigues dos
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Introdução: A performance no futebol depende de vários fatores, entre eles, conhecimento das alterações fisiológicas ocorridas durante o jogo. Objetivo: Identificar as alterações hematológicas, imunológicas, enzimáticas, hormonais e inflamatórias decorrentes do aumento de suas concentrações plasmáticas após um jogo de futebol. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 42 atletas do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 25,7 ± 4,6 anos, todos profissionais da modalidade futebol. Todos os atletas participaram de, no mínimo, 90 minutos de um jogo oficial. Foram realizadas análise sanguíneas 2 horas antes do jogo, após o jogo, e ainda, em 24, 48 e 72 horas. Foram analisadas as alterações nos biomarcadores hematológicos, imunológicos, enzimáticos (creatina quinase total - CKt, lactato desidrogenase - LDH, aspartato aminotransferase - AST), cortisol, testosterona e proteína C-reativa (PCR). Resultados: Foram verificadas alterações dos níveis de eritrócitos, Hb e Hct, no entanto, clinicamente irrelevantes e sem significado fisiológico. O número de leucócitos, neutrófilos, monócitos, eosinófilos e linfócitos apresentaram alterações significativas (p < 0,05). Foram verificados picos de elevação após os jogos para a LDH e PCR e depois de 24 horas para a CKt e AST (p < 0,05). As concentrações de cortisol aumentaram de forma significativa após os jogos enquanto os níveis de testosterona diminuíram; no período de 24 horas os padrões se reverteram (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O jogo de futebol não altera de forma aguda os parâmetros hematológicos. A função imunológica apresenta leucocitose acentuada com expressão simultânea de neutrofilia e linfopenia. O jogo de futebol é suficientemente agressivo para induzir danos musculares, gera um estado catabólico, e ainda, aumenta as reações inflamatórias.
PERONEUS LONGUS ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF TAPING: ATHLETES WITH ANKLE INSTABILITY
Authors: Jaffar Muhammad Rahmani , Jaafar Zulkarnain , Li Goh Siew
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Introduction: Participation in sport among university athletes in Malaysia has progressed right up to Olympic level. However, some of these athletes are prevented from competing due to injuries. Ankle injuries, in particular, are among the common types of injury. Even so, there is still lack of local data and research describing the incidence of ankle injuries. Objectives: To determine peroneus longus muscle activity in different taped ankles and positions among subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI). Methods: Twenty-three subjects with ankle instability (AJFAT score > 26) volunteered to take part in the study. The subjects were tested under three conditions; 1) no tape (NT), 2) Kinesio(r) tape (KT), and 3) rigid tape (RT). The subjects completed two postural stability tests, followed by a sudden inversion perturbation test with EMG, recording throughout the procedures. The EMG data were analyzed, filtered, full-wave rectified and normalized. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Independent T-test and ANOVA) to evaluate differences in peak muscle activation (mV) and peroneal latency (ms). Results: Peak muscle activation of the peroneus was activated more in the RT group during both the Static and Dynamic Stability Tests. Apart from that, there were no statistically significant differences. During sudden inversion perturbation, the RT group was the one that was most activated (p=0.001). Peroneal latency was even delayed in KT and RT during the three tests, and shorter in the NT group. There were significant differences during the Dynamic Stability Test, between the NT and KT groups (p=0.001) and between the NT, RT and KT groups (p=0.001). Conclusion: RT tape may enhance the peroneus longus response by maintaining a higher level of muscle activation, especially during dynamic movements and sudden inversion of the ankle, and may selectively benefit individuals with FAI. The KT ankle did not show superior effect to the NT ankle, and demonstrated minimal benefit when used in FAI. Also, its use may be more likely to cause reinjury to the ankle.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À BAIXA APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Pereira Thais Almeida , Bergmann Mauren Lúcia de Araújo , Bergmann Gabriel Gustavo
Published: July 2016

RESUMO Introdução: Os componentes da Aptidão Física Relacionada à Saúde (ApFRS) estão associados a prevenção e redução do desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas, de incapacidades funcionais e de dificuldades na realização de atividades diárias. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à baixa ApFRS em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 1.455 escolares (50,9% meninas) de 10 a 17 anos, composto por três variáveis dependentes: aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ApC), força/resistência muscular (F/R) e flexibilidade (Flex). Para a medida e classificação da ApFRS (recomendada ou baixa) foi utilizada a bateria de testes com os pontos de corte propostos pelo Projeto Esporte Brasil. As variáveis independentes foram organizadas em três blocos: indicadores sociodemográficos (seis fatores), comportamentais (nove fatores) e antropométricos (três fatores). Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste de qui-quadrado para heterogeneidade e para tendência e regressão logística binária. O modelo multivariado final considerou apenas fatores com nível de significância inferior a 5%. Resultados: As prevalências de baixa ApC, F/R e Flex foram de 74,1% (IC 95%: 71,6-76,5), 27,4% (IC 95%: 25,0-29,7) e 33,1% (IC 95%: 30,6-35,5), respectivamente. A análise multivariada indicou que dos 18 fatores analisados, nove foram associados à baixa ApC e cinco, à baixa F/R e à Flex. Apenas a idade (direta com a baixa ApC e F/R e inversa com a baixa Flex) associou-se (p < 0,05) aos três componentes da ApFRS. Adolescentes classificados como muito sedentários (ApC e F/R), com tempo de tela de três ou mais horas por dia (ApC e Flex) e com indicadores antropométricos aumentados (os três componentes) apresentam mais chance (p < 0,05) de ter baixa ApFRS. Conclusão: Os fatores associados à baixa ApC e à baixa F/R muscular são similares, porém, para a baixa Flex os fatores associados tendem a ser outros.
EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON CARDIOMETABOLIC MARKERS IN ADOLESCENTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Miranda Valter Paulo Neves , Amorim Paulo Roberto dos Santos , Oliveira Nathália Cristina Borges , Peluzio Maria do Carmo Gouveia , Priore Silvia Eloiza
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT The accumulation of body fat is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Obesity can be considered a chronic systemic inflammatory disease in adults and younger people. The control of subclinical inflammation process through the practice of physical activity (PA) can mitigate the effects of risk factors that trigger atherosclerosis that worsens with advancing age. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the influence of physical activity and/or exercise on cardiometabolic markers and othrer risk factors of cardiovascular disease in adolescents. A systematic review was conducted in electronic databases Scopus, Pubmed, Conchrane Collection and SciELO. The terms used in the search were "cardiovascular diseases AND inflammation AND adolescents AND physical activity OR exercise". A total of 24 original articles were evaluated, being 14 longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional studies. Overall, 16 articles (66.66%) showed that PA, exercise and/or sedentary behavior may have influenced or have been related to the concentration of cardiometabolic markers. All studies that examined lifestyle changes showed reduction of cardiometabolic markers. Some limitations were observed: reduced samples, lack of dietary prescription, evaluation and control of volume and intensity of exercise. Most of the studies analyzed showed that the physical activity could influence and decrease the concentrations of cardiometabolic markers in adolescents. However, studies with representative sample size and precise control in assessing the level of physical activity and/or exercise are required to determine accurately the changes that the more active lifestyle can bring on inflammatory process, as well as other risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAINING VOLUME AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY CHANGES IN ELDERLY WOMEN
Authors: Espinosa Juan José Rábade , Esteve Teresa Valverde , Monzó Ana Pablos , Abella Carlos Pablos , Deval Vicente Carratalá
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several studies have analyzed the relationship between physical activity and bone density. However, the prescription of exercise is not entirely clear as to the type, quantity and intensity. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the amount of exercise and changes in bone mineral density. Methods: Fifty-two women, members of the Municipal Program of Physical Activity for Seniors, voluntarily underwent two ultrasonographies of the calcaneus within a 6-month interval. During this period, all physical activity was recorded. Afterwards, a lineal correlation study was carried out between the amount of exercise and bone changes, expressed as T-Score variation, first in total number of participants and then in groups. Considering the average body weight obtained for all women, two groups were created ("light" < 69 kg and "heavy" > 69 kg). Later, women who had participated in less than 72% of the targeted program were excluded from both groups, and the differences between the groups "light and trained" and "heavy and trained" were analyzed. To do so, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used. Results: A significant relationship of r= -0.59 was found between the total amount of exercise and the T-Score variation in the group of women above 69 kg. Significant differences were found between the "light and trained" group and the "heavy and trained" group with respect to the variation of T-Score. Conclusion: The effect of exercise on bone mineral density is determined, somehow, by body weight. This interaction is due, possibly, to mechanical demands difference.
Consistency in fruit preferences across the geographical range of the frugivorous bats Artibeus , Carollia and Sturnira (Chiroptera)
Authors: Parolin Lays C. , Bianconi Gledson V. , Mikich Sandra B.
Published: July 2016

Abstract The frugivorous phyllostomid bat genera Artibeus , Carollia and Sturnira are important seed dispersers in the Neotropics, and exhibit supposed preferences for fruits of the genus Ficus , Piper and Solanum , respectively. We performed a quantified literature review to test the hypothesis that interactions with plants are consistent throughout the bats´ geographic ranges. Through an extensive literature review we obtained a total of 4,448 records of fruit consumption from 180 publications. To test which fruits were most frequently consumed across the Neotropical region and in each of its component countries these data were organized by bat species and country. In general, considering the 176 botanical genera eaten by these bats, the results showed a high consumption frequency of Ficus (24.0%) by Artibeus , Piper (38.7%) by Carollia and Solanum (31.0%) by Sturnira . Additionally, our findings support the hypothesis of diet consistency throughout the geographic range of these genera. We suggest that this consistency is related to the wide distribution of the study groups (both bats and plants), the phenology of the zoochoric species consumed, the spatial fidelity of bats and the foraging patterns of the different bat species.
Quantifying zooplankton species: use of richness estimators
Authors: Castilho Maria Carolina de A. , Wisniewski Maria José dos S. , Wisniewski Célio , Silva Érika dos S.
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT Richness estimators (Jackknife 1, Bootstrap, Chao 1 and ACE) were used to relate zooplankton species richness with amount of water collected per sample and number of samples throughout the year for the limnetic region of Sapucai River compartment of Furnas reservoir, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Seven 100 L samples were collected in sequence using a motor pump, and seven 70 L samples were collected in sequence using a plankton net (68 μm mesh size) in vertical hauls, to totalize 450 L, in three stations of the reservoir. Twelve monthly samplings were carried out over a year. The assessment of richness was made by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the estimator curves. The samplings reached the asymptote from 350 L of collection with trawls and 400 L using a suction motor pump and reached the plateau on the 8th collection, which included both dry and rainy seasons. Regardless of the type of sampling, the volume of 400 L and eight sessions throughout the year is enough to register 90% of the zooplankton richness in the environment.