bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Cu/Zn Disorder the Main Culprit for the Voltage Deficit in Kesterite Solar Cells?
Authors: Bourdais Stéphane , Choné Christophe , Delatouche Bruno , Jacob Alain , Larramona Gerardo , Moisan Camille , Lafond Alain , Donatini Fabrice , Rey Germain , Siebentritt Susanne , Walsh Aron , Dennler Gilles
Published: March 2016

Photovoltaic thin film solar cells based on kesterite Cu2ZnSn(Sx,Se1–x)4 compounds (CZTSSe) have reached >12% sunlight‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency. This is still far from the >20% record devices known in Cu(In1–y,Gay)Se2 and CdTe parent technologies. A selection of >9% CZTSSe devices reported in the literature is examined to review the progress achieved over the past few years. These devices suffer from a low open‐circuit voltage (Voc) never better than 60% of the Voc max, which is expected from the Shockley‐Queisser radiative limit (S‐Q limit). The possible role of anionic (S/Se) distribution and of cationic (Cu/Zn) disorder on the Voc deficit and on the ultimate photovoltaic performance of kesterite devices, are clarified here. While the S/Se anionic distribution is expected to be homogeneous for any ratio x, some grain‐to‐grain and other non‐uniformity over larger area can be found, as quantified on our CZTSSe films. Nevertheless, these anionic distributions can be considered to have a negligible impact on the Voc deficit. On the Cu/Zn order side, even though significant bandgap changes (>10%) can be observed, a similar conclusion is brought from experimental devices and from calculations, still within the radiative S‐Q limit. The implications and future ways for improvement are discussed.
What does the mean menarcheal age mean?—An analysis of temporal pattern in variability in a historical swiss population from the 19th and 20th centuries
Authors: Lehmann Andreas , Scheffler Christiane
Published: March 2016

Objectives

Age at menarche is one of the most important factors when observing growth and development. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal pattern in variability of menarcheal age for a historic Swiss population from the 19th and 20th centuries.

Methods

Medical health records from the Bernese women's hospital (Switzerland) were analyzed. From 10,081 women of a historical Swiss population (born from 1815 to 1954), menarcheal age was calculated. A possible decline in average menarcheal age and variance and skewness were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics, generalized additive models, and correlation.

Results

Mean menarcheal age declined from 17.34 years (n = 358) around 1830 to 13.80 years (n = 141) around 1950. Within‐cohort variance decreased from 7.5 to 2.1 year2. Skewness was negatively correlated with birth year (r = −0.58).

Conclusion

This study provided evidence for a secular trend in various statistical parameters for age at menarche since the 19th century. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of temporal pattern in variability revealed that the secular trend in menarcheal age happened in two phases. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:705–713, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes in the Synthesis of Five‐Membered Heterocyclic Compounds with One Heteroatom: Recent Advances from Developments in Metal‐ and Organocatalysis
Authors: Keiko N. A. , Vchislo N. V.
Published: March 2016

The ever‐increasing interest in the chemistry of five‐membered heterocyclic compounds is due to their paramount importance in such essential fields as pharmacology, medicine, biology, organic synthesis of fine chemicals, agricultural chemistry, and the chemical industry. This Review summarizes and highlights methods for the synthesis of five‐membered O‐, N‐, and S‐heterocycles based on transformations of α,β‐enals. Over the last decade, these reactions, which often differ from the processes involving other α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds in methodology and results, have been gathering momentum. Many of the catalytic and technological novelties discussed in the review, such as asymmetric metal‐ and organocatalysis, multiple catalysts, one‐pot multicomponent reactions proceeding through domino, cascade, or tandem reactions, and microwave activation, promote the formation of diverse target products, the structures of which becomes clear from the mechanistic schemes given in the review. The mechanisms discussed reflect great advances in the chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity of the reactions with participation of α,β‐alkenals, achieved in the last 15 years, which allows new five‐membered heteroarenes and related compounds (pyrroles, dihydropyrroles, pyrrolidines, furans, thiophenes) to be synthesized.
A New Method for C−H Functionalization of Aliphatic Compounds by an Unusual Photochemical Reaction of Diazoketones without Elimination of Nitrogen
Authors: Rodina Liudmila L. , Galkina Olesia S. , Maas Gerhard , Platz Matthew S. , Nikolaev Valerij A.
Published: March 2016

Benzophenone‐sensitized reactions of 4‐diazotetrahydrofuran‐3(2H)‐ones with H‐donors such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4‐dioxane, cyclohexane and diethyl ether, occur without elimination of nitrogen and give rise to the corresponding N‐substituted hydrazones or bis‐hydrazonoethanes due to a formal insertion of the terminal N atom of diazo group into α‐C−H bonds of ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons, with yields of up to 78 %. Long‐wavelength UV irradiation (λ>310 nm) is most suitable for this process, whereas oxygen molecules adequately quench the triplet excited state of the diazoketone and reduce the preparative yields of C−H‐insertion products. Hence this photochemical reaction of diazoketones can be used for C−H functionalization of different aliphatic compounds.
Predictive factors in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for odontogenic sinusitis
Authors: Mattos Jose L. , Ferguson Berrylin J. , Lee Stella
Published: March 2016

Background

Odontogenic sinusitis (OS) presents a therapeutic dilemma. Evidence is lacking whether dental treatment alone is sufficient or whether patients will eventually require endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Our aim was to identify predictors of OS patients undergoing ESS.

Methods

Retrospective review performed of OS patients (n = 43) analyzing multiple factors including age, sex, symptoms, prior dental procedures, treatment, diabetes, immunosuppression, smoking history, retained dental hardware, oral‐antral fistula (OAF), and Lund‐Mackay scores (LMSs). Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon rank sum, and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

Common presenting symptoms included facial pressure, discolored nasal drainage, and foul smell/taste. Half of patients presented either after a recent dental procedure or with dental complaints. Forty‐eight percent required ESS after failing medical and dental therapy alone. Total LMS was significantly higher in the group undergoing ESS (8.3 vs 3.7; p = 0.0003). Multivariate analysis showed 2 significant predictors of undergoing ESS: (1) OMC involvement (OR 37.3, p = 0.003) and prior dental procedure (OR 7.4, p = 0.03). All patients with OAF or retained dental hardware required ESS.

Conclusion

Forty‐eight percent of patients who presented with OS underwent ESS for symptom control and prevention of complications. Patients who underwent ESS had significantly higher total LMS than those who did not. In multivariate analysis, prior dental procedures and OMC involvement significantly increased the likelihood of requiring ESS.
Highly Strained Heterocycles Constructed from Boron–Boron Multiple Bonds and Heavy Chalcogens
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Constantinidis Philipp , Dellermann Theresa , Ewing William C. , Fischer Ingo , Hess Merlin , Knight Fergus R. , Rempel Anna , Schneider Christoph , Ullrich Stefan , Vargas Alfredo , Woollins J. Derek
Published: March 2016

The reactions of a diborene with elemental selenium or tellurium are shown to afford a diboraselenirane or diboratellurirane, respectively. These reactions are reminiscent of the sequestration of subvalent oxygen and nitrogen in the formation of oxiranes and aziridines; however, such reactivity is not known between alkenes and the heavy chalcogens. Although carbon is too electronegative to affect the reduction of elements with lower relative electronegativity, the highly reducing nature of the B−B double bond enables reactions with Se0 and Te0. The capacity of multiple bonds between boron atoms to donate electron density is highlighted in reactions where diborynes behave as nucleophiles, attacking one of the two Te atoms of diaryltellurides, forming salts consisting of diboratellurenium cations and aryltelluride anions.
Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) biocomposites with microalgae ash
Authors: Tran Dang Thuan , Lee Hyun Ro , Jung Simon , Park Min S. , Yang Ji Won , Chang Yong Keun
Published: March 2016

Gasification of microalgae feedstock generates mineral ash. In this work, raw ash is produced from lipid‐extracted algal biomass of the Nannochloropsis salina strain. Prior to using it as filler for composite fabrication with poly(vinyl alcohol), raw ash (RASH) is activated with NaOH and surface modified with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Surface modification of activated ash (PASH) significantly improves interfacial interaction between surface‐modified ash (GASH) and polymer matrix. Higher ultimate tensile strength of PVA/GASH composites is recorded, compared with PVA/RASH and PVA/PASH. Young's modulus of biocomposites appears to increase proportionally to loading of the fillers. Thermal properties of polymeric materials of PVA with these ashes are stable. This is the first report to demonstrate the utilization of microalgal ash, the leftover after completed gasification of algal biomass, as an efficient filler for production of value‐added polymeric materials. It is proposed that microalgal ash is capable of improving the economic feasibility of microalgae‐based biorefinery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43599.
Effects of pH and storage time on the adhesive and rheological properties of cottonseed meal‐based products
Authors: He Zhongqi , Chapital Dorselyn C. , Cheng Huai N.
Published: March 2016

To increase the basic knowledge of cottonseed meal (CSM)‐based adhesives and optimize the operational parameters for practical applications, in this study, we investigated the effects of pH and storage time on the adhesive performance, water resistance, and rheological properties of CSM, water‐washed cottonseed meal (WCSM), and cottonseed protein isolate (CSPI). We found all products possessed the highest dry, wet, and soaked adhesive strengths with the adhesive slurries prepared at pH 6.0. The effects of pH were smaller on WCSM than on CSM and CSPI slurries. Storage time (up to 8 days) did not greatly impact the adhesive performance of WCSM slurries prepared at pH 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0, but slightly reduced the adhesive strength of CSPI slurries with the same pH. The viscosity of WCSM slurries increased with storage over 8 days, but did not for CSPI slurries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43637.
Anisotropic Charge‐Carrier Transport in High‐Mobility Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer Semiconductor Films
Authors: Zhao Zhiyuan , Liu Hongtao , Zhao Yan , Cheng Cheng , Zhao Jing , Tang Qingxin , Zhang Guangyu , Liu Yunqi
Published: March 2016

Many high‐performance solution‐processable polymer thin‐film transistors (PTFTs) have been reported. This contribution presents a comparative study of oriented films that have been deposited by means of solution shearing (SS) with charge‐carrier transport anisotropy for PTFTs based on a diketopyrrolopyrrole–thiazolothiazole donor–acceptor copolymer (PDPPTzBT). The maximum field‐effect mobility of the SS film of PDPPTzBT was 10.00 cm2 V−1 s. We also blended a solution of PDPPTzBT with a solution of polystyrene (PS). Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) lateral phase separation was adopted to block carrier transport in the direction of π–π stacking, and further evidence of charge transport anisotropy was provided. Highly oriented polymer films will further influence the carrier transport anisotropy and promote carrier transport along the backbone, and the performance of the field‐effect transistor is thus improved.
Guest‐Induced Arylamide Polymer Helicity: Twist‐Sense Bias and Solvent‐Dependent Helicity Inversion
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Liang , Wang Ze‐Kun , Zhang Yun‐Chang , Guo Rong , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: March 2016

A benzene/naphthalene alternately incorporated amide polymer was synthesized and characterized. 1H NMR spectroscopy, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) experiments indicated that, in chloroform, the polymer could be induced by the chiral l‐aspartic acid dianion or one of its derivatives to form a helical tubular conformation with twist‐sense bias. CD titration studies showed that the l‐aspartic acid dianion (8 equiv.) could lead to a maximum Cotton effect. It was also revealed that the twist‐sense bias obeyed the majority rule, and 70 % enantiomeric excess could realize the maximum helicity bias. Adding acetonitrile to the solution of chloroform caused inversion of the guest‐induced helicity bias of the polymer.
Die strafrechtliche Produkthaftung des Berechnungsingenieurs
Authors: Schlammer Janine , König Claus , Schmidt Jörg
Published: March 2016

Berechnungsingenieure tragen in besonderem Maße Verantwortung für ihr berufliches Handeln. Aus dem Umfang ihrer Tätigkeitsbereiche ergibt sich für den einzelnen Berechnungsingenieur ein mögliches Potenzial strafrechtlicher Produkthaftung. Dieses ist von der jeweiligen Branche, vom Aufgabenprofil und von der konkreten Art der Tätigkeiten abhängig. Das Ausmaß der Verantwortung ist den meisten Berechnungsingenieuren allerdings nicht bewusst.

Neben dem technischen Risiko besteht das mit dem Schaden verbundene juristische Risiko für den Berechnungsingenieur. Zu diesen Risiken zählen neben der nicht versicherbaren Gewährleistung auch zivilrechtliche Haftungsansprüche bei Personen‐, Sach‐ oder Vermögensschäden und insbesondere strafrechtliche Konsequenzen bei Körperverletzungen und Todesfällen.

Die Halleneinstürze im schweizerischen Uster (1985), in Bad Reichenhall (2006) und St. Gallen (2010), der Zusammenbruch der Ölplattform Sleipner A (1991) sowie der folgenschwere ICE‐Unfall in Eschede (1998) haben das juristische Risiko deutlich gemacht.

Mit diesem Beitrag soll ein Überblick über die möglichen strafrechtlichen Konsequenzen für den Berechnungsingenieur gegeben werden. Somit richtet sich dieser Beitrag an freiberuflich tätige Berechnungsingenieure und an Unternehmen und Ingenieure, die Berechnungsleistungen im Rahmen ihrer unternehmensinternen Produktentwicklung ausführen.
Asymmetric Alkylation Reactions Using Non‐Cross‐Linked Polystyrene‐supported 2‐Imidazolidinone Chiral Auxiliary Derived from l‐Phenyl Alanine
Authors: Kang Byung Sun , Kim Taek Hyeon
Published: March 2016

The non‐cross‐linked polystyrene (NCPS)‐supported 2‐imidazolidinone chiral auxiliary, based on a new anchoring strategy, afforded excellent diastereocontrol and yield in asymmetric alkylation reactions. The cleavage of this soluble, polymer‐supported chiral auxiliary 8 produced highly optical pure carboxylic acids and strong polymer recovery.
The effect of insulin resistance and exercise on the percentage of CD16+ monocyte subset in obese individuals
Authors: de Matos Mariana A. , Duarte Tamiris C. , Ottone Vinícius de O. , Sampaio Pâmela F. da M. , Costa Karine B. , de Oliveira Marcos F. Andrade , Moseley Pope L. , Schneider Suzanne M. , Coimbra Cândido C. , Brito‐Melo Gustavo E. A. , Magalhães Flávio de C. , Amorim Fabiano T. , Rocha‐Vieira Etel
Published: March 2016

Obesity is a low‐grade chronic inflammation condition, and macrophages, and possibly monocytes, are involved in the pathological outcomes of obesity. Physical exercise is a low‐cost strategy to prevent and treat obesity, probably because of its anti‐inflammatory action. We evaluated the percentage of CD16− and CD16+ monocyte subsets in obese insulin‐resistant individuals and the effect of an exercise bout on the percentage of these cells. Twenty‐seven volunteers were divided into three experimental groups: lean insulin sensitive, obese insulin sensitive and obese insulin resistant. Venous blood samples collected before and 1 h after an aerobic exercise session on a cycle ergometer were used for determination of monocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Insulin‐resistant obese individuals have a higher percentage of CD16+ monocytes (14.8 ± 2.4%) than the lean group (10.0 ± 1.3%). A positive correlation of the percentage of CD16+ monocytes with body mass index and fasting plasma insulin levels was found. One bout of moderate exercise reduced the percentage of CD16+ monocytes by 10% in all the groups evaluated. Also, the absolute monocyte count, as well as all other leukocyte populations, in lean and obese individuals, increased after exercise. This fact may partially account for the observed reduction in the percentage of CD16+ cells in response to exercise. Insulin‐resistant, but not insulin‐sensitive obese individuals, have an increased percentage of CD16+ monocytes that can be slightly modulated by a single bout of moderate aerobic exercise. These findings may be clinically relevant to the population studied, considering the involvement of CD16+ monocytes in the pathophysiology of obesity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Significance of the Study

Obesity is now considered to be an inflammatory condition associated with many pathological consequences, including insulin resistance. It is proposed that insulin resistance contributes to the aggravation of the inflammatory dysfunction in obesity. The effect of obesity on the percentage of monocytes was previously observed in class II and III obese individuals who presented other alterations in addition to insulin resistance. In this study we observed that insulin‐resistant obese individuals, but not insulin‐sensitive ones, had an increased percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes. This fact shows that a dysfunction of the monocyte percentage in class I obese individuals is only seen when this condition is associated with insulin resistance.
Downregulated serum miR‐223 servers as biomarker in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jia Li‐Hua , Liu Yi‐Ning
Published: March 2016

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive memory loss and deteriorated higher cognitive functions. An economical, rapid and noninvasive biomarker for AD has not been identified. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of serum miR‐223 and miR‐519 in AD. The expressions of miR‐223 and miR‐519, with previously reported AD‐associated miR‐29 and miR‐125b, were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the serum of 84 probable sporadic AD patients (age onset > 65 years) and 62 healthy control populations in China. Analyses were undertaken to assess the specificity and sensitivity of miRNAs to predict AD. In addition, the relationship between miRNAs and mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores in AD patients was also assessed. Serum miR‐29, miR‐125b and miR‐223 were significantly decreased, but serum miR‐519 was significantly increased in AD patients compared with healthy blood donors. In addition, serum miR‐223 was strongly positively correlated with MMSE score in AD patients but serum miR‐519 was not. Importantly, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) result of serum miR‐223 for prediction of AD was 0.786, higher than those of serum miR‐29 (0.734) or miR‐125b (0.726). The combination of serum miR‐223 and miR‐125b gave improved sensitivity/specificity for AD prediction (area under the ROC curve, 0.879) than either miRNA alone. Our preliminary findings indicate that serum miR‐223 might be a potential biomarker for AD evaluation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rice‐like Sulfur/Polyaniline Nanorods Wrapped with Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Wenyue , Zhang Zhenyu , Kang Wenpei , Tang Yongbing , Lee Chun‐Sing
Published: March 2016

By rational design, rice‐like sulfur/polyaniline nanorods wrapped with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (designated rGO:S:PANI) were successfully synthesized through emulsification–polymerization followed by a hydrothermal process. In the rice‐like S:PANI nanoparticles, the sulfur active material is uniformly distributed among the PANI polymer network. PANI not only provides a flexible matrix for accommodating volume changes in the active sulfur upon lithium insertion/extraction, the conducting polymer chains also provide high conductivity paths for effective charge transport. Benefiting from the electrostatic interaction between GO and PANI, the sulfur/polyaniline nanorods (designated S:PANI) can be well wrapped by the rGO nanosheets after the hydrothermal process, which can further increase the conductivity of the composite and prevent the polysulfide from dissolving upon cycling. When evaluated as a cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries, the rGO:S:PANI material exhibits a high specific capacity of 1240 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 Ag−1, and a capacity of approximately 500 mAh g−1 (ca. 77 % retention) even at a high current rate of 1.5 Ag−1.
ChemInform Abstract: AN X‐RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF A CONCENTRATED AQUEOUS SODIUM IODIDE SOLUTION
Authors: MAEDA MASUNOBU , OHTAKI HITOSHI
Published: March 2016

In einer 7m wässrigen NaJ‐Lösung ist J‐ von angenähert 6 H2O umgeben.
ChemInform Abstract: FAILURE PREDICTION OF THE THERMAL FATIGUE OF SILICON NITRIDE
Authors: HASSELMAN D. P. H. , CHEN E. P. , AMMANN C. L. , DOHERTY J. E. , NESSLER C. G.
Published: March 2016

Am Beispiel von Si3N4, das für Schaufeln in Hochtemperaturturbinen Verwendung findet, wird gezeigt, daß Daten für langsames Rißwachstum zur Vorhersage des thermischen Ermüdungsverhaltens von Strukturkeramiken geeignet sind.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUOROKRYPTON(1+) AND μ‐FLUORODIFLUORODIKRYPTON(1+) CATIONS. PREPARATION OF KRF+MF6‐, KRF+SB2F11‐, KR2F3+MF6‐, AND KR2F3+.XKRF2.MF6‐ SALTS AND THEI CHARACTERIZATION BY FLUORINE‐19 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND RAMA SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: GILLESPIE R. J. , SCHROBILGEN G. J.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindungen mit M: As, Sb und im Falle der KrF+‐Verbindungen auch Pt werden durch Reaktion von KrF2 mit AsF5, SbF5 bzw. PtF6 dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ANODIC BEHAVIOR OF CARBAZOLES AND INDOLO(3,2‐B)CARBAZOLES IN ACETONITRILE
Authors: LAMM W. , PRAGST F. , JUGELT W.
Published: March 2016

Die anodische Oxidation von Carbazolen und Dicarbazy1en, wie den Verbindungen (I)‐(IV), die bis auf (II) bekannt sind [(II) wurde durch Erhitzen von Dibenzo[c,g]‐ carbazol mit Jodanisol in 53%iger Ausbeute dargestellt], wurde in Acetonitril durch cyclische Voltammetrie an der rotierenden Scheibenelektrode und durch potentiostatische Coulometrie untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL EFFECTS IN SOLVOLYTIC REACTIONS. XI. RATES AND PRODUCTS OF SOLVOLYSIS OF 2‐ARYL‐ AND 2‐METHYL‐2‐NORBORNENYL P‐NITROBENZOATES. EXO‐ENDO RATE RATIO AS A FUNCTION OF INCREASING ELECTRON DEMAND
Authors: BROWN HERBERT C. , PETERS EDWARD N.
Published: March 2016

Ausgehend vom Keton (I) werden mit den Aryl‐Mg‐halogeniden (II) die Alkohole (III) dargestellt, die mit n‐Butyl‐Li und Nitrobenzoylchlorid in die Nitrobenzoate (IV) umgewandelt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROBENZYL QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS. V. BASE‐INDUCED (1,2)‐ AND (3,2)‐REARRANGEMENTS OF N‐(2‐THENYL)‐N‐BENZYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM ION
Authors: GIUMANINI ANGELO G. , TROMBINI CLAUDIO
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) geht unter der Einwirkung verschiedener Basen Sommelet‐ und Stevens‐Umlagerungen ein, wobei zahlreiche Produkte entstehen [Isolierung und Identifizierung durch kombinierte Gas‐Flüssigkeitschromatographie/Massenspektroskopie sowie durch unabhängige, einfache Synthese].
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOREACTIONS. 42. PHOTOCHEMICAL GENERATION AND REACTIONS OF BENZONITRILE BENZYLIDE
Authors: ORAHOVATS ALEXANDER , HEIMGARTNER HEINZ , SCHMID HANS , HEINZELMANN WILLY
Published: March 2016

Bei Bestrahlung einer Lösung des Azirins (I) in 2,2‐Dimethylbutan/Pentan bei ‐196°C mit Licht der Wellenlänge 255 nm erfolgt quantitative Umwandlung zum Benzonitril‐benzylid (II), aus dem bei Bestrahlung mit Licht der Wellenlänge 345 nm unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen das Azirin (I) zurückgebildet wird bzw. bei langsamer.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVITY OF DIASTEREOGENIC CARBON‐CARBON LINKING REACTIONS. II. CARBENE CARBENOID CASCADE AND HYPERMECHANISMS
Authors: SCHLOSSER MANFRED , SPAHIC BOJANA , LE VAN CHAU LE VAN CHAU
Published: March 2016

Bei der Reaktion der Halogenmethane (I), (II), (III) und (IV) mit Methyllithium erfolgt Cl‐Li‐Austausch (bei den Tetrahalogenmethanen) bzw. H‐Li‐Austausch (bei den Trihalogenmethanen) unter Bildung von Carbenoiden (Organolithium‐Vorstufen) die infolge Eliminierung von LiCl bzw. LiF in Carbene oder infolge sukzessiven Austausches der Halogenatome durch Methylgruppen von Methyllithium in weitere Carbenoide übergehen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNERGIC NUCLEOPHILIC AND ELEC
Authors: MAYOR CLAUDE , WENTRUP CURT
Published: March 2016

Die Pyrolyse der Triazolopyridine (I) führt über die entsprechenden Carbene und die ringerweiterten Carbene (II) zu den Benzocarb‐ azolen (III).Aus dem Analogen (IV) werden neben dem entsprechenden Carbazol (V) auch das Pyridoisoindol (VI) und das Indenopyridin (VII) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF THE ANTHRACENE‐LITHIUM COMBINATION TOWARDS NITRILES
Authors: MAZALEYRAT JEAN‐PAUL
Published: March 2016

Anthracen‐Li, (I)‐Li, kann gegenüber Nitrilen mit tertiärem cv‐C‐Atom sowohl als Nucleophil als auch als Elektronenüberträger reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF ORGANOBORANES WITH LITHIUM ALDIMINES. NEW APPROACH FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF PARTIALLY MIXED TRIALKYLCARBINOLS
Authors: YAMAMOTO Y. , KONDO K. , MORITANI I.
Published: March 2016

Die Chlorborane (I) reagieren mit den Lithiumaldiminen (II) bei anschließender Umsetzung mit Thioglykolsäure, Natronlauge und alkalischem Wasserstoffperoxid zu den Carbinolen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE ADDITION REACTION OF BENZENESULFINIC ACID TO N‐SUBSTITUTED MALEIMIDES
Authors: MATSUDA ITSUO , AKIYAMA KEIICHI , TOYOSHIMA TAKAAKI , KATO SHINJI , MIZUTA MASATERU
Published: March 2016

Umsetzung von Benzolsulfinsäure (I) mit den N‐Aryl‐maleinsäureimiden (II) gibt die Addukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSATION OF P‐SUBSTITUTED BENZOPHENONES WITH DIMETHYL HOMOPHTHALATE
Authors: EL‐NEWAIHY M. F. , SALEM M. R. , ABDEL‐HAMID H. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Stobbe‐Kondensation der Benzophenone (I) mit dem Homophthalat (II) liefert die isomeren Halbester (III) und (IV), die mit NaOH zu den Disäuren (V) bzw. (VI) (90‐95% Ausbeute) hydrolysiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, PHOTOOXYGENATION, AND DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF 1‐METHYL‐4A,5,6,7,8,8A‐TRANS‐HEXAHYDRONAPHTHALENE AND 1,4A‐DIMETHYL‐4A,5,6,7,8,8A‐TRANS‐HEXAHYDRONAPHTHALENE
Authors: SASSON I. , LABOVITZ J.
Published: March 2016

Ausgehend von den Octalonen (I) erhält man die gesuchten Hexahydronaphthaline (VI) und (IX), deren Photooxidation im Formelschema beschrieben wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF α‐METHYLENE‐Γ‐BUTYROLACTONE VIA TRANSITION METAL CARBENE COMPLEXES
Authors: CASEY C. P. , BRUNSVOLD W. R.
Published: March 2016

Während andere Syntheseversuche fehlschlagen, gelingt die Darstellung der Verbindung (VII) durch Methanol‐ bzw. Wasser‐Entzug aus (IV) bzw. (V) und anschließende Oxidation von (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ALKENYLATION OF IMIDES AND ACTIVATED AMIDES
Authors: FLITSCH W. , SCHINDLER S. R.
Published: March 2016

In diesem Übersichtsartikel wird die Verwendung von Phosphoranen (Wittig‐Olefinierung) zur Synthese von Enamiden (II) und Bis‐(alkenyl)‐aminen (III) aus Imiden (I) sowie von Enaminen aus aktivierten Amiden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTION OF 1,3,5‐TRIPHENYL‐2‐PYRAZOLINE WITH N‐BROMOSUCCINIMIDE
Authors: SZUECS LADISLAV , BRADLEROVA ALENA
Published: March 2016

Beim Versuch der Dehydrierung des Pyrazolins (I) mit N‐Bromsuccinimid (NBS) entsteht im Gegensatz zu früheren Aussagen nicht das entsprechende Pyrazol, sondern das Bromderivat (II), das auch aus Chalkon (III) und dem Hydrazin (IV) erhalten wird und das auf Grund seiner UV‐, IR‐ und NMR‐Spektren identifiziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL ONE STEP SYNTHESIS OF 5(3)‐METHYLTHIO‐, ALKOXY‐, AMINO‐ AND HYDROXYPYRAZOLES USING α‐KETOKETENE‐S,S‐DIACETALS
Authors: CHAUHAN S. M. S. , JUNJAPPA H.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung der α‐Ketoketen‐S,S‐ diacetale (I) mit Hydrazinhydrat in siedendem Äthanol führt zu 5‐Methylthiopyrazolen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY AND MECHANISM OF ELECTROPHILIC ADDITIONS TO TRICYCLO(4.2.2.02,5)DECA‐3,7‐DIENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: MEHTA G. , PANDEY P. N.
Published: March 2016

Aus Cyclooctatetraen (I) und Maleinsäureester entsteht das Addukt (II), das mit Jodazid zum Addukt (III) reagiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF BROMOHYDRIN DERIVATIVES OF CHROMONE
Authors: MERLE A. , DESCOTES G.
Published: March 2016

Chromon (II) bildet mit N‐Bromsuccinimid in Methanol die Verbindung (I) und mit Brom das Dibromid (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF 4‐NITROPYRIDINE 1‐OXIDE
Authors: HAND E. S. , PAUDLER W. W.
Published: March 2016

Die Hydrierung von 4‐Nitropyridin‐N‐oxid (I) in Äthanol über Palladiumkohle ergibt in 48%iger Ausbeute das Amin (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOHEXANE SERIES. XIII. SYNTHESIS OF SOME SUBSTITUTED 1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROACRIDONES AND PHENANTHRIDONES AND N‐ARYL‐5‐METHYL‐2,3,4,5,6,7‐HEXAHYDROINDOL‐2‐ONES
Authors: BAJAJ H. S. , DESAI R. D. , SAHARIA G. S.
Published: March 2016

Der Ketoester (I) reagiert mit den aromatischen Aminen (II) in Gegenwart von Eisessig zu den Anilen (III), die zu den Tetrahydroacridonen (IV) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF SINGLET OXYGEN TO ARENE OXIDES
Authors: FOSTER C. H. , BERCHTOLD G. A.
Published: March 2016

Aus Oxepin (I) ä Benzoloxid (II) erhält man mit dem aus Hypochlorit und Wasserstoffperoxid hergestellten Singulett‐ Sauerstoff das Addukt (III), das zu (IV) bromiert oder mit Persäure zu (V) epoxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CERTAIN IMIDAZO(2,1‐F)PYRAZOLO(3,4‐D)PYRIMIDINES
Authors: SENGA K. , ROBINS R. K. , O'BRIEN D. E.
Published: March 2016

Das Pyrazolopyrimidin (I) und die Carbonylverbindungen (II) cyclisieren zu den gesuchten Verbindungen (III), die basisch zu den Pyrazolyl‐imidazolen (IV) gespalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIMINOENAMINES, 1. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 1‐MORPHOLINO‐6‐OXIMINOCYCLOHEXENES
Authors: FISCHER R. H. , WEITZ H. M.
Published: March 2016

Das Enamin (I) des Cyclohexanons kann durch Stickstoffmonoxid und Sauerstoff in mäßigen Ausbeuten in 1‐Morpholino‐6‐oximinocyclohexen (II) übergeführt werden, dessen saure Hydrolyse 2‐Oximinocyclohexanon (III) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE COUPLING OF SIMPLE ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES
Authors: RAUTENSTRAUCH V.
Published: March 2016

Aliphatische Aldehyde (I) werden bei der Behandlung mit Lithium und Trimethylchlorsilan (II) in Dimethoxy= äthan bei ‐10 bis ‐30°C zu silylierten Glykolen (III) gekoppelt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF METHYLENEBIS‐P(O) COMPOUNDS WITH DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS SUBSTITUENTS
Authors: GLOYNA D. , LACHMANN U. , HENNING H.‐G.
Published: March 2016

Alkylester trivalenter P‐Säuren, wie (I), können mit Chlormethanphosphonsäureeste unter Bildung von Arbuzov‐, Enthalogenierungs‐ und Alkylierungsprodukten reagiere Bei der Reaktion mit dem Diäthylester (IIa) überwiegt die Alkylierung von (I) zu dem P‐Oxid (IV) vor der Arbuzov‐Reaktion zu (IIIa), während bei der Reaktion mit dem Diphenylester praktisch ausschließlich das Arbuzov‐Produkt (IIIb) gebildet wird und die Einführung eines Phenylrestes in die Methylengruppe (Reaktion mit (IIc)) die Enthalogenierung zu (V) vor der Arbuzov‐Reaktion [zu (IIIc)] begünstigt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIALKYL PHOSPHOROCYANIDITES. AXIAL PREFERENCE OF THE PHOSPHORUS‐CYANO GROUP IN THE 1,3,2‐DIOXAPHOSPHORINANE RING SYSTEM
Authors: UZNANSKI B. , STEC W. J.
Published: March 2016

Monochlor‐ (I) und Dichlorphosphin‐Derivate (III) können durch Blausäure in Benzol oder Äther bei O‐5°C in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin in die entsprechenden Cyan‐Derivate (II) bzw. (IV) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF CARBONYL ISOTHIO(SELENO)CYANATES WITH TRIVALENT PHOSPHORUS ESTERS
Authors: STEC W. J. , LESIAK K. , SUDOL M.
Published: March 2016

Acetylisoselenocyanat (II), das aus Acetylchlorid (I) und Kaliumselenocyanat hergestellt wird, reagiert mit Phosphiten (III) zu Phosphonsäure‐Derivaten (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL CYTOSTATICS. PART 28. SYNTHESIS AND NMR PARAMETER OF PHOSPHORIC ACID MORPHOLIDE‐DI‐(BENZIMIDAZOLIDE‐(1))
Authors: DORN HELMUT , GRAUBAUM HEINZ , ZEIGAN DIETER , RADEGLIA REINER
Published: March 2016

Als Modell für säurelabiile Transportformen von kanzerostatisch aktiven Antimetaboliten wurde die Titelverbindung (V) durch Umsetzen von (III) [erhältlich durch Silylierung des Benzimidazols (I) mit dem Silylarnin (II)] mit dem Morpholid (IV) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF TRANS‐1,2‐BIS(TRIBUTYLSTANNYL)ETHYLENE
Authors: COREY E. J. , WOLLENBERG R. H.
Published: March 2016

Lithiumchloracetylid (I) und Tri‐n‐butylzinnchlorid (II) liefern die Zwischenstufe (III), die mit Tri‐n‐butylzinnhydrid (IV) in hoher Ausbeute das trans‐1,2‐Bis‐(tri‐n‐butylstannyl)‐äthylen (V) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: RADIATIVE LIFETIMES OF SOME CHROMIUM(III) AMMINES UNDER PHOTOCHEMICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: ADAMSON A. W. , GEOSLING C. , PRIBUSH R. , WRIGHT R.
Published: March 2016

Phosphoreszenzmessungen von [Cr(NH2 ‐CH2 ‐CH2 ‐NH2 )3 13 , Cr(NH3)2 und [Cr(bipyridyl)3]3 bei Raumtemperatur in wäßrigen Lösungen.
ChemInform Abstract: IRON(II) AND CHROMIUM(III) COMPLEXES OF 1,2‐BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHANE
Authors: BAKER W. A. JUN. , LUTZ P. M.
Published: March 2016

Anhand von IR‐, Elektronen‐ und Mößbauerspektren sowie magnetischen Messungen werden den aus dem Liganden und den Metallsalzen in alkoholischer Lösung gewonnenen Komplexen (I), (II) und (III) ihrer Strukturen zugeordnet.
ChemInform Abstract: PARAMAGNETIC COBALT(III) COMPOUNDS OF CHROMOPHORIC TYPE (CO(N)4X). PART II. FURTHER PREPARATIONS, SPECTRAL DATA, AND SOME REACTIONS
Authors: MCKENZIE E. D. , WORTHINGTON J. M.
Published: March 2016

In den durch Oxidation entsprechender Co(II)‐Spezies durch Brom in CH, C12 oder durch Chloroform gebildeten kristallinen Co(III)‐Komplexen (I) wird der Einfluß elektronenabgebender und ‐anziehender Substituenten des Liganden mittels magnetischer und röntgenographischer Messungen sowie IR‐Daten untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ALIPHATIC DI‐N‐OXIDE COMPLEXES, COBALT(II), NICKEL(II), AND CHROMIUM(III) PERCHLORATE COMPLEXES OF N,N,N′,N′‐TETRAMETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINE‐N,N′‐DIOXIDE
Authors: BIGLEY M. J. , RADIGAN K. J. , NATHAN L. C.
Published: March 2016

Das durch Oxidation von Tetramethyläthylendiamin mit H2O2 erhaltene Titeldioxid (Ausbeute 56%) reagiert mit den entsprechenden Metallperchloraten in Methanol/2,2‐ Dimethoxypropan zu den vierfach‐koordinierten, tetraedrischen Co‐ und Ni‐Komplexen (Ia) und dem sechsfach‐koordinierten, verzerrt oktaedrischen Cr‐Komplex (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF 3,4‐DIHYDROXYPHENYL DERIVATIVES. I. COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF DL‐3,4‐DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE
Authors: GERGELY A. , KISS T.
Published: March 2016

pH‐metrische, elektronen‐ und ESR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Cu(II)‐DL‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanin‐ und Cu(II)‐Aminosäure‐Brenzcatechin‐Systemen werden durchgeführt, um die Bildung von Cu(II)‐Komplexen des Titelliganden H3A zu erforschen.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM(II) CHLORIDE COMPLEX OF SILYLATED THIAZOLE, IMIDAZOLE, AND PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: JUTZI P. , HEUSLER H.
Published: March 2016

In den aus dem Isonitril‐Komplex (I) und den Heterocyclen (II) dargestellten Komplexen (III), von denen auch solche mit zweibindigen Si‐haltigen Liganden (IV) hergestellt wurden, ist die Reaktivi tät der Si‐C‐Bindung stark herabgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATION REACTIONS OF QUINONYLMETHANE DYES AND ANALOGOUS MEROCYANINES. 2. DIHYDRONAPHTHOPHENAZINONES. CORRELATION OF SOLUBILITY AND SUBSTITUTION. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INTERMEDIATE COMPOUND
Authors: SCHELZ DIETER , PRIESTER MARTIN
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung der Chinoxaliniumsalze (I) mit entsprechenden Halogennaphthochinonen (II) führt im allgemeinen zu den Chinonylmethanfarbstoffen (III); erstmals wird ‐ im Fall (Ia) ‐ hierbei jedoch statt dessen die Zwischenstufe (IVa) der Cyclisierung von (IIIa) zum Naphthophenazinon (Va) erhalten und isoliert.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF TRICHLOROACETIC ACID TO 8‐METHYLCAMPHENE
Authors: WOLINSKY J. , EUSTACE E. J.
Published: March 2016

8‐Brommethyl‐camphen (IIb), das aus dem Olefin (I) über das Hydroxymethylierungsprodukt (IIa) hergestellt wird, reagiert mit Lithiumalanat zu den isomeren 8‐Methyl‐camphenen (IIIa) und (IIIb), aus denen durch Behandlung mit Trichloressigsäure, Hydrolyse der gebildeten Isobornylester und anschließende Dehydratisierung die Olefine (III)‐(V) gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: MODIFICATIONS OF ANTIBIOTICS. 14. NEW β‐LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS. CEPHEM DERIVATIVES WITH ELECTRON‐WITHDRAWING SUBSTITUENTS AT THE 3‐POSITION
Authors: PETER HEINRICH , MUELLER BEAT , BICKEL HANS
Published: March 2016

Die aus der Formylcephem‐Verbindung (I) erhältlichen Monoester (IIIa) ‐(IIIc) bzw. die aus diesen zugänglichen Diester (IIId)‐(IIIf) sind die Ausgangsverbindungen zur Gewinnung der Titelverbi ‐ dungen (IVa)‐(IVd), (Vb) [aus (Va) mit Zn‐Staub/Essigsäure], (VI) und (VIIb) [aus (VIIa) mit Trifluoressigsäure/Anisol].
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE AMMONIUM FORM OF CRYSTALLINE ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE. I. AMMONIUM‐SODIUM ION EXCHANGE ISOTHERMS
Authors: HASEGAWA YOSHITSUGU
Published: March 2016

Die bei 25°C erhaltenen Isothermen zeigen eine Hysteresisschleife.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION OF ALKALI METAL CATIONS WITH CIS‐ AND TRANS‐1‐BENZYL‐2,3‐DIBENZOYLAZIRIDINE IN ACETONITRILE
Authors: NORMAN ALAN B. , SMITH GREGORY R. , HOPKINS HARRY P. JUN.
Published: March 2016

Alkalimetallkationen gehen Assoziationen bevorzugt mit dem cis‐ Isomeren der Titelverbindung ein, und zwar wird die Komplexbildungstendenz in der Reihenfolge der Kationen Li ′ Na" K" schwächer.
ChemInform Abstract: RADICAL TELOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE BY 1,3‐DIOXOLANE
Authors: NAYANOV V. P. , ZORIN V. V. , ZLOTSKII S. S. , TERENT'EV A. B. , RAKHMANKULOV D. L.
Published: March 2016

Die Kinetik der durch Benzoylperoxid initiierten, unter Bildung von Alkyldioxolanen (II) und Alkylformiaten (III) verlaufenden Telomerisierung von Äthylen mit 1,3‐Dioxolan (I) bei 90°C wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGHT‐SENSITIVE AMIDES. PHOTOCLEAVAGE OF N‐ACYL‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDRO‐8‐NITROQUINOLINES TO GIVE FREE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: AMIT BOAZ , BEN‐EFRAIM DAVID A. , PATCHORNIK ABRAHAM
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (IV) entstehen durch Nitrierung des Tetrahydrochinolins (I) und anschließende Hydrolyse zum 6‐Nitro‐tetrahydrochinolin (Ausbeute 80%) und seinem 8‐Nitro‐Isomerem (II) sowie dessen Acylierung mit denlChloriden (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE MECHANISM FOR THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF E‐ALDOXIME CARBONATES
Authors: PROKIPCAK J. M. , FORTE P. A.
Published: March 2016

Es wird die Pyrolyse der Benzaldoxime (I) zu den Nitrilen (II) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF 1‐STYRYLIMIDAZOLES. NOVEL ROUTE TO N‐BRIDGEHEAD COMPOUNDS
Authors: COOPER G. , IRWIN W. J.
Published: March 2016

Bei Bestrahlung der trans‐Olefine (I) erfolgt Isomerisierung zu den cis‐Derivaten‐ (II).
ChemInform Abstract: IODOCYCLOPROPANES. I. DIIODOCARBENE ADDUCTS OF CYCLIC OLEFINS
Authors: BAIRD MARK S.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Reaktion von K‐tert.‐butoxid in tert.‐Butanol mit Jodoform und dem entsprechenden Olefin erfolgt Addition von Dijodcarben an die Doppelbindung.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF ANTHRACENE CATION RADICALS FROM 9,10‐DIHYDRO‐9,10‐EPIDIOXYANTHRACENE DERIVATIVES. PEROXIDE‐INITIATED CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE IN LIQUID SULFUR DIOXIDE
Authors: KAKEYA NOBURO , NOJIMA MASATOMO , TOKURA NIICHIRO
Published: March 2016

Die Epidioxyanthracene (Ia)‐(Ic) liefern beim Behandeln mit flüssigem SO2 bei ‐70°C in Lichtabwesenheit die entsprechenden Kationradikale (IIa) bis (IIc), während die Analogen (Id) bzw. (Ie) jeweils quantitativ Anthrachinon geben; unter den gleichen Bedingungen bildet sich aus (If) 9‐Methyl‐anthracen (25% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: GENERATION OF NITROXIDES WITH A CHLORO OR NITRO SUBSTITUENT IN β‐POSITION
Authors: KAYEN A. H. M. , BOLSMAN TH. A. B. M. , DE BOER TH. J.
Published: March 2016

Nitroxide vom Typ (II) werden auf 3 verschiedenen Wegen erhalten: 1. ergibt die Umsetzung der Nitrosoverbindungen (I) mit Alkylradikalen die Nitroxide (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DIALKYL SULFITES FROM ALCOHOLS IN THE HALOGEN‐PYRIDINE‐SULFUR DIOXIDE SYSTEM. NOVEL BEHAVIOR OF ALKYL CHLOROSULFATES IN THE PYRIDINE‐SULFUR DIOXIDE SYSTEM
Authors: HASEGAWA SHIGERU , NOJIMA MASATOMO , TOKURA NIICHIRO
Published: March 2016

Umsetzung der Alkohole (Ia)‐(Ic) mit J od/Pyridin/SO; [bzw. von (Ib) mit Brom/Pyridin/SO, ] liefert Dialkylsulfite (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE AND HIGHLY EFFECTIVE ROUTE TO α,β‐UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES
Authors: COREY E. J. , ENDERS D. , BOCK M. G.
Published: March 2016

Aldimine (Ia) und Dimethylhydrazone (Ib) können durch Lithierung, Silylierung und anschließende Lithiierung zu (IVa) und (IVb) sowie weiter mit Aldehyden (V) oder Ketonen (VIII) zu den ungesättigten Verbindungen (VIa) und (VIb) bzw. (IXa) und (IXb) kondensiert werden, die in die Aldehyde (VII) bzw. (X) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 1,2‐DITHIOLAN‐ AND 1,2‐DITHIOLEN‐3‐ONES WITH SULFENYL CHLORIDES
Authors: VASIL'EVA T. P. , LIN'KOVA M. G. , KIL'DISHEVA O. V. , KNUNYANTS I. L.
Published: March 2016

Bei Einwirkung der Sulfenchloride (I) ohne Lösungsmittel auf 1,2‐Dithiolan‐3‐one (II) erhält man die Trisulfide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(PHENYLTHIO)CYCLOPROPYLTRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM FLUOROBORATE, A NEW SYNTHON FOR CYCLOPENTANONE SYNTHESIS
Authors: MARINO J. P. , LANDICK R. C.
Published: March 2016

′ 1‐Phenylthiocyclopropyltriphenylphosphonium Fluoborate: A New Synthon for Cyclopentanone Synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE MANNICH REACTION
Authors: SHORT J. H. , OURS C. W.
Published: March 2016

The Use of Amino Acids in the Mannich Reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2,5‐DIHYDROXYBIPHENYL
Authors: LUDWICZAK RUFINA S. , DROZDZYNSKA EWA , KSIAZKIEWICZ EWA
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung (VI) ist Metabolit des zur Konservierung von Citrusfrüchten benutzten 2‐Hydroxy‐biphenyl (I).
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOCOBALT COMPLEXES. VIII. SPECIFICITY OF THE CYCLOPENTENONE SYNTHESIS FROM ACETYLENEHEXACARBONYLDICOBALT COMPLEXES AND NORBORNENE DERIVATIVES
Authors: KHAND IHSAN U. , PAUSON PETER L.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Reaktion von Norbornen (I) mit den Hexacarbonyldikobalt‐Komplexen von Propin, Phenylacetylen, 1‐Phenyl‐propin bzw. l‐Trimethylsilyl‐propin entstehen die entsprechenden Ketone (IIa), (IIb) bzw. (IIc).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF COPPER(II) HALIDES WITH AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. XI. REACTIONS OF 9‐ALKYL‐ AND 9‐ARYLANTHRACENES IN METHANOL
Authors: MANCILLA J. M. , NONHEBEL D. C. , RUSSELL J. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (Ia)‐(Ic) reagieren mit Cu(II)‐bromid/Methanol zu den Methoxyanthronen (IIa)‐(IIc); im Falle von (Ib) werden außer (IIb) auch (IIc) (Hauptprodukt) sowie in geringer Menge das Dianthryläthan (III) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,4,5,8,9‐PENTAMETHYLANTHRACENE. SYNTHESIS AND PROTONATION
Authors: HART H. , JIANG J. B. C. , GUPTA R. K.
Published: March 2016

Ausgehend von dem Benzylbromid (I) wird das Pentamethylanthracen (VII) dargestellt, das mit Sauer= Stoff das endo‐Peroxid (VIII) bildet und mit Trifluoressigsäure zum Kation (IX) protonisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYCYCLIC ARENE IMINES
Authors: BLUM J. , ITTAH Y. , SHAHAK I.
Published: March 2016

Das Aziridin (I) reagiert mit N‐Brom‐succinimid zum Bromid (II) und zu geringen Mengen des Oxazolins (III), von denen (II) mit 1,5‐Diaza‐bicyclo(4,3,0)nonen‐(5) zur Verbindung (IV) dehydrobromiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS. VI. CORRELATION OF COVALENT CROSS‐LINKING OF DNA BY BIFUNCTIONAL AZIRIDINOQUINONES WITH THEIR ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: AKHTAR M. HUMAYOUN , BEGLEITER ASHER , JOHNSON DOUGLAS , LOWN J. WILLIAM , MCLAUGHLIN LARRY , SIM SOO‐KHOON
Published: March 2016

Die Bisaziridinopyrrolidino‐chinone (VII), die die für die physiologische Aktivität des Antikrebsmittels Mitomycin C (I) wesentlichen Struktureinheiten enthalten, werden auf dem angegebenen Weg synthetisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit, kovalente Kreuzverknüpfungen in DNA zu induzieren, eingehend untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESES OF INDAZOLE AND 2‐SUBSTITUTED INDAZOLES
Authors: BAKKE JAN M. , SKJERVOLD KJELL A.
Published: March 2016

Durch Reduktion des Benzonitrils (I) kann Indazol (II) dargestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF KESSOGLYCOL DERIVATIVES
Authors: TAKAMURA K. , KAWAGUCHI M. , NABATA H.
Published: March 2016

Kessoglykol‐2‐acetyl‐8‐acylate (I) werden aus Kessoglykol‐2,8‐diacetat (II) dargestellt, ebenso Kessoglykol‐8‐acylate und ‐2,8‐diacylate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐HYDROXYCOUMARIN DERIVATIVES. XI. REACTION PRODUCTS OF 4‐HYDROXYCOUMARIN WITH α,β‐EPOXYPROPANAL
Authors: ECKSTEIN MARIAN , PAZDRO HELENA
Published: March 2016

Erhitzen des Cumarins (I) mit dem Aldehyd (II) in Dioxan ergibt das Kondensationsprodukt (III), während die Reaktion von (I) und (II) in Wasser zu dem Dihydrofuran (IV) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. DCXII. SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF BENZOPYRAN AND DIBENZOPYRAN DERIVATIVES
Authors: KAMETANI T. , KIGASAWA K. , HIIRAGI M. , ISHIMARU H. , WAGATSUMA N. , HAGA S. , KUSAMA O.
Published: March 2016

Das Hydroxyphenyl‐cyclohexanol (I) reagiert mit Acetophenon (IIa) oder Cyclohexanon (IIb) unter sauren Bedingungen zu den Dibenzopyran‐Derivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF DIHYDRO‐1,4‐DITHIINS
Authors: CHEN C. H.
Published: March 2016

Die Ketone (I) werden mit Äthandithiol (II) in die Dithioketale (III) übergeführt, die mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure in kaltem Methylenchlorid zu den Sulfoxiden (IV) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. XXVIII. SYNTHESIS OF 6‐CYANOURACIL DERIVATIVES
Authors: SENDA S. , HIROTA K. , ASAO T.
Published: March 2016

In Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen entstehen aus den S‐Bromuracilen (I) die 6‐Cyanuracile (II) und die 6‐Carbamoyluracile (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 3‐AMINO(6,5‐B)TRIAZINOINDOLES
Authors: BELL M. R. , ZALAY A. W.
Published: March 2016

Anilino‐isatin (IIa) wird zur Verbindung (IIb) methyliert, die mit Thiosemicarbazid zum Triazinthion (III) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLSILANE PHOTOLYSES. 1,1‐DIPHENYL‐1‐SILACYCLOHEXAN‐2‐ONE IN CYCLOHEXANE
Authors: BROOK A. G. , PIERCE J. B. , DUFF J. M.
Published: March 2016

Die Photolyse des cyclischen Acylsilans (I) in wasser‐ und sauerstofffreiem Cyclohexan führt zu dem Silacyclopentan (II) und den dime‐ren Produkten (III) und (IV) in von der Reaktionstemperatur abhängigen Ausbeuten.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINOXANES BY REACTION OF ORGANOALUMINUM COMPOUNDS WITH COPPER(II) SULFATE CRYSTAL HYDRATE
Authors: RAZUVAEV G. A. , SANGALOV YU. A. , NEL'KENBAU YA. YU. , MINSKER K. S.
Published: March 2016

Organo‐AluminiumVerbindungen reagieren mit dem Kristallwasser von Kupfersulfat‐Pentahydrat beim Rühren in organischen Lösungsmitteln wie Benzol auf die im Formelschema angegebene Weise.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND STUDY OF NEW COMPLEX IODO COMPOUNDS OF INDIUM(III) AND GALLIUM(III)
Authors: KAMINARIS D. , KOUINIS J. , GALINOS A. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion von frisch bereitetem wasserfreiem HJ in Äther mit wasserfreiem InJ3 bzw. GaJ3 liefert die Äthersolvate der Jodosäuren.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOLATO SULFUR AS AN ELECTRON‐TRANSFER BRIDGE. CHROMIUM(II)‐CATALYZED AQUATION OF THIOLATOBIS(ETHYLENEDIAMINE)CHROMIUM(III) COMPLEXES IN AQUEOUS PERCHLORIC ACID MEDIA
Authors: WESCHLER CHARLES J. , DEUTSCH EDWARD
Published: March 2016

Die Kinetik der Cr(II)‐Reduktionen der Komplexe (I) und (II) wird untersucht und der Mechanismus diskutiert.