bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synbiotic and protein-enriched low-fat Sao Hai rice ice cream
Authors: Phumsombat Putthapong , Trisakwattana Kulanid , Ittithanaput Natcha , Viwatanawatanakarn Natchanan , Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda
Published: June 2024

This research aimed to investigate the production of low-fat Khao Sao Hai ice cream fortified with synbiotics, soy protein (SP), and chicken breast protein. The study incorporated Sao Hai rice milk into the ice cream formulations and conducted experiments to analyze the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics. The application of synbiotic powder, SP, and chicken breast protein was explored, with the results indicating significant variations in the nutritional profile. Specifically, ice cream fortified with chicken breast protein exhibited the highest protein content at 4.20 g, followed by SP at 3.92 g, and the control formulation at 1.38 g. In addition, the survival rate of probiotics, represented by Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, exceeded 98% during storage at −20°C for 21 days, showcasing the successful encapsulation of probiotics with Konjac glucomannan and soy protein isolate. Furthermore, sensory testing revealed that the control formula received the highest consumer acceptance, followed by SP–fortified ice cream. In contrast, chicken breast protein–fortified ice cream received the least acceptance. These findings highlight the potential of Sao Hai rice in creating nutritionally diverse ice cream formulations, offering insights into consumer preferences and the efficacy of different protein sources in enhancing ice cream quality.
Isolation and properties of endophytic bacteria and actinomycetes of Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don grown in Nha Trang, Vietnam
Authors: Tran My Linh , Pham Thi Hoe , Nguyen Chi Mai , Ninh Khac Ban , Vu Huong Giang , Nguyen Tuong Van
Published: June 2024

Endophytic microbes of medicinal plants are known to involve the synthesis of several bioactive compounds, which promote plant growth and resistance to diseases. In order to investigate endophytes in the important medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, 16 endophytic microorganism strains were isolated from root samples of C. roseus var. roseus and C. roseus var. ocellatus naturally growing in coastal areas of Nha Trang, Vietnam. Based on morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene marker sequences, four actinomycetes of Streptomyces and Microbiospora genera and twelve bacterial strains belonging to Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Panenibacillus and Rhizobium genera were identified. Analysis of the extracellular enzyme activities of actinomycetes strains indicated that Streptomyces strains produced proteases, cellulases, xylanases and amylases and Microbiospora strains exhibited protease and cellulase activities. The results demonstrated the diversity of endophytes in the roots of C. roseus plants and their potential extracellular enzyme activities for further application.
Comparison between scot and CBDP techniques in assessment genetic diversity and variation of two populations of bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana d’Orbigny) in Con Dao and Phu Quoc islands, Vietnam
Authors: Le Ngoc Trieu , Thai Thach Bich , Nguyen Van Long
Published: June 2024

The Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism (SCoT) and CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) techniques were used to analyze the genetic diversity and variation of two bigfin reef squid populations in waters surrounding the Con Dao and Phu Quoc islands of Vietnam for technical comparison. The two used techniques reflected different levels of pairwise genetic similarity among individuals depended on the investigated population. Gene differentiation (GST) between the two investigated populations was 0.0767 and 0.0373 leaded to the genetic distance between them was 0.0381 and 0.0228, and the gene flow was Nm = 6.0195 and 12.9061 migrants per generation between the populations based on SCoT and CBDP techniques, respectively. Genetic variation within individuals of both populations (WP) played the key role in the total genetic variation of whole species in surveyed geographic regions with the distribution of 91.44% based on SCoT data and 93.76% based on CBDP data, the distribution of genetic variation among populations (AP) was small. For whole species in the surveyed region, the CBDP markers showed higher genetic diversity, while the SCoT markers reflected the differentiation and genetic distance between the two investigated populations better. Overall, the abilities to detect polymorphisms and the number of revealed loci using SCoT markers were better than using CBDP markers, while the ability to distinguish samples and the primer combination to detect the differences among investigated samples using CBDP markers were better than using SCoT markers, and the overall utility was comparable between these two marker systems. The results from this study prove that the CBDP technique can also be used in studies of animal population genetics.
New record and redescription of Microcotyle helotes Sandars, 1944 (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Ha Hoang Thi , Nguyen Ha Van , Nguyen Manh Hung
Published: June 2024

Twenty-seven specimens of the fish species Terapon jarbua and 4 specimens of the fish species Terapon theraps were collected from the Cat Ba Archipelago marine area, and examined for parasite infection. Among these, 4 specimens of T. jarbua and 1 specimen of T. theraps were infected with a total of 42 monogeneans. The intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 16 worms per fish. Four monogenean species were identified, three of which belong to the Protogyrodactylidae: Protogyrodactylus gussevi (14 specimens) and Protogyrodactylus perforatus (12 specimens) were found on T. jarbua, while Protogyrodactylus solidus (1 specimen) was identified on T. theraps. The species Microcotyle helotes (17 specimens) was recorded for the first time in Vietnam, found in two individuals of the new host T. jarbua. Additionally, a redescription of M. helotes was provided.
New distribution and host record of Stenarella insidiator (Smith, 1859) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae) from Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thi Nhi , Cao Thi Quynh Nga , Dang Thi Hoa
Published: June 2024

The ichneumonid parasitoid Stenarella insidiator (Smith, 1859) is recorded for the first time from Vietnam based on the specimens collected from Tam Dao National Park in Vinh Phuc province, Na Hang district in Tuyen Quang province, and Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park in Lam Dong province. In addition, the wasp Orancistrocerus aterrimus (de Saussure, 1852) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) is reported as a new host of this parasitoid. The parasitoid is described based on Vietnamese material with information of its overwintering in the wasp nest.
Screening of novel conopeptide for mosquitocidal activity against lethal mosquitoes (Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti)
Authors: Nguyen Bao , Phan Thi Khanh Vinh , Nguyen Van Suu , LE CAER Jean-Pière
Published: June 2024

Mosquitoes are carriers of various diseases that result in millions of human deaths annually. However, the use of chemical mosquitocides has led to significant concerns, such as adverse effects on the environment, human health, and insecticide resistance. As a result, there is a pressing need for eco-friendly alternatives. This study aimed to identify potential mosquitocidal conopeptides from cone snail venoms targeting two lethal mosquito species, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Eleven Conus species were collected from Nha Trang Bay and their crude venoms were dissected and collected. Through cell survival and toxicity assays on mosquito larvae, five crude venoms were identified to have inhibitory effects. Further investigations involved fractionating these five crude venoms and testing them for cell cytotoxic activity were conducted. Four fractions from Conus bandanus venom, named CB37, CB39, CB41, and CB43, showed significant cytotoxic activity against cell survival. Other fractions from different Conus venoms also exhibited some cytotoxic activity at high concentrations but were not prioritised for further investigation. Toxicity experiments on adult mosquitoes revealed that the CB41 fraction had the most potential, with an IC50 of 30 μM. Additionally, this CB41 compound is a peptide in nature and was found to have a native mass of 3332.1 Da and three disulphide bridges. These results could deduce this long-chain peptide possessing a compact structure. To our knowledge, the conopeptide CB41 is reported first time to have mosquitocidal activity.
Analysis of genetic diversity of Ven dog breed based on microsatellite markers
Authors: Nguyen Thi Dieu Thuy , Le Cong Trieu , Huynh Thi Phuong Loan , Bui Thi Tra Mi , Nguyen Huy Tuong , Do Vo Anh Khoa
Published: June 2024

Microsatellite (MS) is a genetic marker widely used in the studies of pedigree, individual identification, gene mapping, and genetic diversity within and between populations. The genetic diversity of the indigenous Ven dog breed, along with two imported dog breeds, the Berger and Poodle dogs raised in Vietnam, was analyzed based on seven microsatellite markers. A total of 32 alleles, an average number of alleles/loci of 4.6 were observed across 80 samples of the three dog breeds. The overall polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.67 representing the quality of selected MS markers. Genetic diversity indices (Ho, He, Fit, Fst) showed the phenomenon of inbreeding between individuals in the Ven dog population. The genetic similarity level and phylogenetic tree also reasonably reflect the genetic relationship between the three analyzed dog breeds, in which the Ven dog showed a higher genetic distance compared to two imported dog breeds.
Discrimination of Vietnamese species of the genus Rhynocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) with the utilization of integrative taxonomy
Authors: Truong Xuan Lam , Ha Ngoc Linh , Truong Thanh Truc , Nguyen Dac Dai , Nguyen Quang Cuong , Eguchi Katsuyuki
Published: June 2024

The genus Rhynocoris Hahn, 1834 is one of the largest genera of the subfamily Harpactorinae. This genus consists of 144 described species widely distributed in the Afrotropical, Palearctic, Sino-Japanese, Oriental, and Nearctic Realms. There are three species, Rhynocoris fuscipes (Fabricius, 1787), Rhynocoris marginellus (Fabricius, 1803), Rhynocoris mendicus (Stål, 1867) recorded in Vietnam. In this study, we attempted to re-examine the Rhynocoris species collected from Vietnam based on external morphology, genital morphology, and COI phylogeny to reveal the species delimitation of this genus in Vietnam. As a result, the independence of the three Rhynocoris species from Vietnam was confirmed. Moreover, R. mendicus was revealed as being a polymorphic species with two intraspecific morphological phenotypes.
Notes on genus Cybister Curtis, 1827 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) with the first records of Cybister danxiaensis Zhuo-Yin Jiang and Cybister convexus Sharp from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Quang Cuong , Nguyen Thanh Manh , Phan Thi Giang , Sergey Ryndevich , Truong Xuan Lam
Published: June 2024

The genus Cybister Curtis, 1827 is reviewed for the fauna of Vietnam. The 5 species are diagnosed with illustrated habitus, leg, and male genitalia. Additional measurement data, and an updated identification key for all species are provided. Two species Cybister convexus Sharp, 1882, and Cybister danxiaensis Zhuo-Yin Jiang, 2023, are recorded for the first time in Vietnam.
Genomic insights into multidrug-resistance and virulence in a vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain VR480
Authors: Nguyen Quang Huy , Nguyen Thai Son , Nguyen Thai Uyen Thu , Nguyen Thuy Duong , Tran Thi Thanh Tam
Published: June 2024

Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), a “high priority antibiotic-resistant pathogen”, is emerging and threatening global health. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms associated with virulence and multidrug resistance in VRSA are not fully investigated particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Here, for the first time, the complete genome of a VRSA strain VR480 isolated from a Vietnamese patient was generated by the combination of long- and short-read sequencing technologies. The VRSA strain VR480 was a multidrug-resistant phenotype with resistance to at least one antibiotic belonging to beta lactams, quinolones, lincomycin, oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, glycylcyclines, macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin, nitrofurans, rifamycins, sulfonamides and glycopeptides. This strain was classified as vancomycin resistance (MIC ≥  32 μg/mL). VRSA strain VR480 belonged to sequence type ST2779 and carried the SCCmec type II(2A). The VRSA strain VR480 genome contains five resistance mutations in genes. gyrA S84L, parC S80F, parE D432N, fusA L461K and glpT W355Stop, and eleven antibiotic resistant genes including mecA, mecR, mecI, tetM, tet38, mepA, lmrS, ant(9), ermA, fosB and catA. This strain possesses various virulence factors associated with adherence, biofilm formation, colonization, invasion, anti-phagocytosis and toxicity that promote the infection and pathogenesis. Protein interaction network analysis revealed five clusters consisting of known and putative virulence proteins. Furthermore, epimerase, EssC, IcaA, SplA and Ssl1 were the key proteins within each cluster. This study raises a warning about the circulation and dissemination of VRSA in Vietnam. The key proteins would be potential targets for the development of anti-virulent agents to combat the VRSA infection.
Reliable Euler deconvolution solutions of gravity data throughout the β-VDR and THGED methods: Application to mineral exploration and geological structural mapping
Authors: Thanh Pham Luan , Pomponet Oliveira Saulo , Le-Huy Minh , Viet Nguyen Dat , Quynh Nguyen-Dang Trang , Duc Do Than , Van Tran Kha , Duyen Thi Nguyen Hong- , Nhu Thi Ngo To- , Quang Pham Hung
Published: June 2024

Euler deconvolution (ED) is mainly used to estimate the locations and depths of magnetic bodies. This technique can also be applied to gravity anomalies but requires caution, as Euler solutions directly obtained from gravity anomalies may provide misleading results. In addition, the traditional Euler deconvolution generates many spurious solutions and is noise-sensitive. This research presents an improved method for the ED of gravity anomalies. This method is based on a finite-difference method (β-VDR) that provides robust vertical derivatives of gravity anomalies, and the total horizontal gradient-based edge detection method (THGED) used to select the Euler solutions, filtering out spurious solutions. Our method is exemplified with two synthetic gravity models and two real datasets from the Voisey's Bay deposit (Canada) and the Hanoi basin (Vietnam). The advantage of the proposed method is that it can provide the depths more accurately and is less sensitive to noise than some modified ED methods.
Geometry Optimization of Industry Buildings for Energy-Driven Design Development in Bangladesh
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Military Institute of Science & Technology, Bangladesh, Islam Syed Monirul , Chowdhury Fahmida ,   Department of Architecture, Military Institute of Science & Technology, Bangladesh, Bhuiyan Faysal ,   Department of Architecture, University of Kansas, Bangladesh, Rashid Masud Ur ,   Department of Architecture, Southeast University, Bangladesh
Published: June 2024

Even though the manufacturing industry consumes roughly 54% of total available energy globally, little consideration has been devoted to optimizing energy in the early stages of industry design, particularly in densely populated cities. With the increased demand for green buildings, energy performance has a greater influence on design results. As a result, this paper provides an envelope optimization technique that can assist architects and computational designers in analyzing the environmental performance of various alternatives and developing optimal design solutions, especially for Bangladesh and the building of these regions. First, an existing industrial site in Dhaka, Bangladesh's capital was chosen as a case study, and a hypothetical industry building, as well as its surroundings, were parametrically developed. Then, for the optimization method, the design factors linked to the building envelopes were chosen. Finally, a Multi-objective Optimization (MOO) procedure was utilized for defining performance measures including daylighting, energy and comfort measures, UDI, EUI, and PPD. According to the MOO results, the UDI may be enhanced by 25.286% as compared to the least favorable scenario. Consequently, the EUI may decreased by 38.718 kWh/m2 while the PPD can be increased by 41.78%. The geometric configuration of East, West, North, and South played a significant role when designing the industrial building. According to the analysis, the geometric configuration of a South WWR of 50%, a West WWR of 30%, an East WWR of 70%, and a sill height of 0.75m is the most feasible option. A statistical analysis of design factors and performance measures demonstrated that the window-to-wall ratio, particularly on south walls, has the greatest impact on industrial building design in densely populated areas. The proposed approach is expected to be used by architects and municipal planners to develop design metrics based on simulation results.
Pyroxasulfone 50g/l + Pendimethaline 400g/l ZC: A new preemergence herbicide combination for controlling weeds in wheat
Authors: Hada Neeraj , Bhadauria S.S. , Kumar Amit , Gurjar L.S. , Singh Y.P. , Aswani R.C.
Published: June 2024

A two year field experiment was conducted at instructional farm ofRajmata VijayarajeScindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sheopur during 2017-18 and 2018-19 in randomized block design replicated three times with the objective to evaluate the efficacy of new herbicidecombinationpyroxasulfone 50g/ l + pendimethaline 400g/l ZC for weed control in wheat. The treatments included pyroxasulfone 50g /l + pendimethaline 400g/ l ZC at 450, 675, 900, 1125g ai/ha, pyroxasulfone 82% WG 100g ai/ha, pendimethaline 38.7% CS 800g ai/ha, pendimethaline 30% EC 1500g ai/ha as pre-emergence, hand weeding and unsprayed weedy check. The results indicated that pyroxasulfone 50g/l + pendimethaline 400g/l ZC at 1125g ai/ha gave effective control of grassy as well as broad leaf weeds and recorded highest wheat grain yield of 5934kg and 6072kg/ha during 2017-18 and 2018-19, respectively. The current study indicated that pre-emergence application of pyroxasulfone 50g/l + pendimethaline 400g/l at 1125 g ai/ha would be a suitable option for the control of grassy as well as broad leaf weeds in wheat in Madhya Pradesh.
Effect of Nano Urea on growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency of Okra under tropical island ecosystem
Authors: Subramani T. , Velmurugan A. , Bommayasamy N. , Swarnam T.P. , Ramakrishna Y. , Jaisankar I. , Singh Lakhan
Published: June 2024

The field experiment was conducted during 2021-22 at Garacharma, ICAR-CIARI, Port Blair to study the effect of nano urea (liquid) on the growth and yield of okra under island conditions. The treatment combinations consist of basal applications of fertilizers and foliar spray of nano urea in two concentrations (2 % and 4% concentrations). The results revealed that nano spray resulted in higher okra yield(9.6 %) than NPK addition through chemical fertilizers. While increased concentration of nano spray (4%) had significant impact on the growth and yield parameters due to increased availability of N within the plant system. Though Rs. 600- 1200 respectively were incurred as additional cost on account of application of nano spray (0.2 - 0.4%), the nano spray (N66 PK and 0.4 % Nano urea) contributes to additional okra yield (1.32 t ha-1, 9.6%), additional monetary benefit (Rs.65,561) than only NPK addition through chemical fertilizers (100 % RDF). Further, there is significant difference between Nano spray at 0.2 % and 0.4% spray though higher concentration of (0.4%) nano spray gave 7.5-16 % higher yield and 17- 29 % higher netreturn. Further, the increased efficiency of nano urea resulted in saving of nitrogen fertilizer to the extent of 25-34%. At the same time nano urea had no significant negative impact on soil properties and socio-root micro environment by the accumulation of excess mineral N. Hence, it can be concluded that spraying of nano urea is proved to be beneficial for island ecosystem as it lead to increased yield and saving of chemical fertilizer thereby reducing the accumulation of N in the environment.
Performance of different varieties of late planting rice cultivation under various nitrogen levels on growth and yield parameters
Authors: Bagri Pankaj Kumar , Tiwari B.K. , Bhadauria S.S.
Published: June 2024

Rice is very responsive to nitrogen fertilization under late transplanted conditions, however, nitrogen use efficiency by different varieties may vary. A field study was conducted during the rainy season of 2018 to assess the performance of three nitrogen levels in six rice varieties under the late planted condition at Agriculture Research Farm, JNKVV, College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.). The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replications. The totel number of treatments was Three nitrogen levels (N1 - 80 kg ha-1, N2 -100 kg ha-1, N3 -120 kg ha-1) and six rice cultivars (V1 - Kalanamak, V2 - IR-64, V3 - Chittimuthyalu, V4- BPT5204, V5 - IET-26375 and V6 - IET-26383). variety IET-26375 recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz. number of leaves plant -1 (38.75), plant height (89.68), number of tillers hill-1 (13.49), panicle length (27.8 cm), grain yield (45.60 q ha-1), straw yield (65.78 q/ha) and harvest index (0.41). Among the nitrogen levels, N3-120 kg N ha-1 was recorded significantly higher above the same parameter as compared to other nitrogen levels. Hence, the application of N @ 120 kg ha-1 along with rice variety IET-26375 can be recommended for achieving higher rice yield and nutrient efficiency in Madhya Pradesh.
Effect of various organic sources of nutrients on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Bagri Pankaj Kumar , Bhadauria S.S.
Published: June 2024

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Research Farm, RVSKVV College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.) to study the effect of organic sources of nutrients on growth, yield and quality of wheat. The treatment receiving Jivamrit 500 lit./ha + Panchagavya 15 lit./ha + vermicompost 5 t/ha + FYM 10 t/ha resulted in maximum growth parameters (plant height 88.77 cm, leaves 60.6 /plant, grains 40.22 /earhead, length of earhead 11.91 cm, weight of earhead 2.40 g and 1000-seed weight 41-05 g), grain yield (41.82 q/ha), straw yield (61.70 q/ha), harvest index (40.40 %), starch content (73.33 %) and protein content (14.22 %). The second best treatment was panchyagavya + vermicompost + FYM, closely followed by Jivamrit + vermicompost + FYM and then Jivamrit + Panchagavya + FYM. All the parameters were decreased significantly under treatments receiving single or two organic sources of nutrients.
Study on bacterial load and antibiotic sensitivity following pgf2  therapy in canines open type pyometra
Authors: Mohan P. , Subramanian A. , Nambi A.P.
Published: June 2024

Canine pyometra is a common reproductive disorder of intact diestrual bitch, which warrants early recognition, diagnosis and appropriate treatment to avoid any disastrous consequences. A total of thirty six bitches of different breeds and age were divided into three groups consisting of twelve bitches in each groups, treatment line were Injection PGF2á at the dose rate of 250 μg/kg body weight once daily for five days subcutaneously, Injection PGF2á at the dose rate of 30 μg/kg body weight twice daily for eight days subcutaneously and both the above groups were treated with selected antibiotics based on antibiogram results (various antibiotics like Cefatxime, Amikacin etc were used as per culture and sensitivity on individual case basis result) at standard dosage, Uterine culture from pyometra in bitches revealed E.coli as the main organism 52%followed by streptococcus 16%, Staphylococcus (14%) and Proteus (8%). Antibiotic sensitivity of the above isolates revealed that 55 per cent of isolates was sensitive to Amikacin, 22.22 per cent to Ciprofloxacin, 11.11 per cent to Gentamicin and 11.11 per cent to Chloramphenicol. The most common isolate recorded from canine pyometra was Escherichia Coli which could be attributed to the fact that they are natural microflora in the vaginal passage of bitches, further, it is ideal to conduct an antibiogram while choosing the antibiotics to be administered for therapy of canine pyometra which has provided an appropriate antimicrobial agent for each bitch with pyometra, further it has provided an effective treatment opportunity to prevent antimicrobial resistant problems.
Sustainability and productivity on zero budget natural farming
Authors: Gupta Komal , Bhadauria S.S.
Published: June 2024

Zero budget natural farming is the best solution to reduce the input cost of farmers. The word zero budgets means no credit and natural farming means growing of crops without chemicals. Agriculturist, M Fukuoka developed natural farming and the same trend was made in India by Mr. Subhash Palekar he started the ZBNF concept in south India. This concept works on four concepts they are jeevamrith, bijamrith, mulching, and soil aeration. These four concepts help better soil health, increased microbial population, and enhanced crop yield. Different astras used to control pest infestation in natural farming. Here,discussed about ZBNF is requires low input cost, good soil health management, and focused on major challenges and opportunities to adopt ZBNF.
Determining the yield performance of near isogenic lines (NILs) in maize
Authors: Sumathi K. , Ganesan K.N. , Senthil N.
Published: June 2024

The present experiment was conducted at Department of Millets, Centre for Plant breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India to analysis the yield performance of sorghum down mildew resistant near isogenic lines in Maize.The objective of this study was to assess the yield performance of four sorghum downy mildew resistant NILs in maize. Four SDM resistant NILs viz., 79/936- C1-7-7-7-46-2, 79/936- C1-7-7-7-80-17, 79/936- C1-7-7-7-92-1 and 79/936- C1- 7-7-7-92-7 were used for this purpose. Nine biometrical characters viz.,days to 50% oftasseling, days to 50% of silking, Days to maturity, Plant height , Ear height, Cob length, Cob diameter, 100 grain weight and yield per plant were taken for analysis . The study revealed that all the four NILs showed better per se performance for yield contributing characters and more mean values than the parents hence, these four Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) may be used as a parent to develop hybrid in maize breeding programme.
Assessment of correlation between yield and it’s attributing traits in maize
Authors: Sumathi K. , Ganesan K.N. , Senthil N. , Maheshwari D. Uma
Published: June 2024

The present study was undertaken to assess the character association among the yield and it’scomponent traitsand also estimate the contribution of various yield contributing characters in Back cross population of maize through the help of correlation analysis. Sixteen Back cross progenies (BC3F1) of maize were used for this purpose. The twelve biometrical traits viz., days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant height, Ear height, Cob length, Cob diameter, Number of rows per cob, Number of kernels per cob, Cob weight, 100 grain weight, Shelling % and Yield per plantwere recorded. Results revealed that yield per plant is positively correlated with plant height, Ear height, Cob length, Cob diameter, No. of rows per cob, No. of kernels per cob, Cob weight, 100 grain weight and Shelling. Days to 50% tasseling and days to 50% silking are negatively correlated with yield and other related traits. The correlation co-efficient of No. of rows per cob (0.820**), No. of kernels per cob (0.797**), Cob weight (0.972**), 100 grain weight (0.874**) and Shelling % (0.840**) with yield per plant were about higher in magnitude.This indicated that there was a strong inherent association between characters studied.
Dystocia due to a dicephalus monster fetus in a buffalo and It's successful per vaginal removal
Authors: Janagi Hiralal S. , Mohan P. , Narasimhamurthy
Published: June 2024

Fetal anomalies and monstrosities are common causesof dystocia in bovines and are disturbances of development that involve the sexual organs and cause great distortion of the individual. The incidence of abnormal calvings in buffaloes is from 4.6% to 12.6%. Eight years aged native buffalo, with its third lactation with ahistory of natural service 306 days back was presented to the Veterinary Hospital, Hombal Village, Gadag taluk of Gadag district, Karnataka State. The animal was presented with the complaintof inspite of continuous straining for the last 06 h after the expulsion of the first water bag, there was no progression to the parturition stage. Pervagina lexamination reveale dafully dilatedcervix and abnormal fetus with two heads joined at the neck in anterior presentation with dorsolateral position witha deviation ofhead, one head was removed gently followed by anotherthat was 90-degree angle corrected and removed a female dead fetus under low caudal epidural anaesthesia. Adicephalusmonsterfetus was relieved pervaginally without surgicalintervention and reported. Post operative care consisted of intravenousantibiotics, fluids intra muscular anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine drugs for seven days.The buffalo hadan uneventful recovery.
An economic analysis of consumers’ preference for organic vegetables
Authors: Angles S. , Balaji P. , Selvakumar S.
Published: June 2024

The consumer awareness has been increasing on the healthy diet and hence the demand towards organically produced vegetables has been increasing at a faster rate. This study focuses on consumers caution on food safety and willingness to pay (WTP) for organically produced vegetables in Coimbatore city of Tamil Nadu, India. The data is collected from 120 consumers to assess the WTP and awareness on organically produced brinjal. The result revealed that the awareness among the consumers is low but the consumers were WTP more for the organically produced vegetable. Logit model was used to assess the impact of the selected explanatory variables that determine WTP for organically produced brinjal. Age, education, income, knowledge, accessibility and experience are the major factors which influences the consumers WTP.
Bio consortium for management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) complex in brinjal
Authors: Senthilkumar P. , Punitha A.
Published: June 2024

The intention for this experiment is to investigate on standard component for the management of nematode wilt complex in brinjal. It was found that the plots treated with the bioagents pf1@2.5kg/ha and P.lilacinus @2kg/ha recorded the highest reduction in the nematode population with 201.44 and 174.24 in soil and root respectively at the time of harvest. The control plot recorded the highest population of nematodes in soil and root respectively 1411.48 and 1522.26. Significant reduction in root knot index (1.3) was observed in the same bioagents treated plot. The untreated control plant root recorded the highest lesion index of 5.00. More number of lignified cells were also recorded in the above treatment.Significant increase in brinjal yield was observed in all the plants treated with biocides. However, highest yield (33t/ha) was observed in the treatment withP. fluorescens (Pf1)(2.5kg/ha) + P. lilacinus (2.0kg/ha). The application of same treatment recorded the highest cost benefit ratio of 1:5.0. While the untreated control plants recorded the lowest yield of (20t/ha).
Management of root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita] in bhendi under pot culture condition using zero cost inputs
Authors: Senthilkumar P.
Published: June 2024

Bhendi scientifically known as Abelmoschus esculentus belongs to family Malvaceae and also known as Ladies Finger, Okra, Bhindi . It is the most important vegetable crop of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It belongs to the genus Abelmoschus and family Malvaceae. Okra is a multipurpose crop valued for its tender and delicious pods. In West Africa, leaves, buds, and flowers of okra are also consumed. The dried seeds provide oil, protein, vegetable curd, and a coffee additive or substitute. Okra dry seeds contain 18–20% oil and 20–23% crude protein. Foliage can be used for biomass, and the dried stems serve as a source of paper pulp or fuel. To a limited extent, okra is used in canned, dehydrated, or frozen forms. It has an average nutritive value of 3.21. It is commercially grown in India, Turkey, Iran, West Africa, Yugoslavia, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Pakistan, West Bengal, Burma, Japan, Malaysia, Brazil, Ghana, Ethiopia, Cyprus, and the southern USA. Chitin has been extracted from various sources like prawn shells, crab shells, egg shells, jack fruit peel, garlic peel and onion peel. The efficacy of chitinase amendments on mortality of active juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita was estimated at various concentrations viz, 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% under three replications of 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours and assessment of plant morphometric characters, nematode mortality and root knot index under pot culture conditions.All the six chitinases amendments were tested in vitro to study the nematicidal action on Meloidogyne incognita. In treatment – concentration interaction, the highest nematode mortality (79.65 percent) was observed in Egg shell (100percent) followed by Crab shells (58.16 percent) Similar results were observed in 75, 50 and 25 per cent concentration of the amendments.Among the different chitinases amendments tested, Egg shell showed high degree of nematicidal effect against M. incognita in vitro and the lowest nematode mortality was recorded in onion peel (18.40) at 25 per cent concentration.Among the amendments tested, Egg shell treatment showed significant increase in root length and shoot length (40.22 cm 21.30 cm respectively) and the untreated control plants recorded the least root length and shoot length (19.11 cm and 21.30 ).All the treatments were found to reduce nematodes population in roots and highest reduction was noticed in egg shell treated plants (189.54 and 161.20) soil (250g) and root(5g) respectively.Significant reduction in root knot index (1.5) were observed in the treatment egg shell and carbofuran which recorded (1.0) per cent. The untreated control plant roots showed root knot index of 5.00 per cent.
Surgical management of “ductal carcinoma” in a nondescript cat
Authors: Mohan P. , Jahangirbasha D. , Ballari Shashidhar , Renukaradhya G.J. , Sarangamath Santosh P.
Published: June 2024

A seven years old, female non-descript, spayed cat weighing 3.5 kgs was presented with a complaint of a progressively increasing mass of mammary gland. Clinical evaluation revealed a hard, open and ulcerated mass of about 15 cm in length and 8 cm width necessiating immediate surgical incision. Anaesthesia was induced using inj. Xylazine hydrochloride (@ 1 mg/kg, i/m) and ketamine hydrochloride (@ 25 mg/kg, i/m). The mass was radically excised as per the standard protocol and skin was sutured. The mass was irregular shaped, weighed 80 gram and subjected for histopathological evaluation which had revealed it to be a ductal carcinoma. Post-operative antibiotic was continued for one week. Periodical surgical wound dressing was done on alternative days. Successful wound healing and uneventful recovery was observed in the follow-up.
Formulation and quality evaluation of little millet bar based on consumer study
Authors: Hemalatha V. , Swapna K. , Kondepudi Niveditha , Kalyan B. Sai , Kumar P. Arun , Babu G. Pranay
Published: June 2024

Millets, the Nutri – cereals which are highly nutritious and non–glutinous foods. The consumption of millets was decreasing day to day because of unavailability, inconvenience to cook and low palatability etc. Hence, this study aimed to develop a millet bar based on Online consumer study on consumption of millets. The consumer study says that the preference of little millets by the consumers is very low, inspite of its high nutritional value. Compared to other millets, the little millets are high in fat content, high in Zn and Cr. And also there is wide requirement of a product which can instantly supply the nutritional requirement of individual in this busy life. The change in life style, eating habits, fast life is making us far apart from the millets. Keeping this in view, we decided to develop a Millet based bar which can supply high nutrition along with micronutrients based on consumer study. So, a millet bar was prepared with little millets (which was least preferred by consumers) in different amounts in addition with (0%,15%, 20%, 25%), rolled oats, nuts (almonds, cashews) and seeds (flax seeds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds). The developed bar was evaluated for sensory attributes and physico-chemical attributes with standardized methods. The organoleptic evaluation showed significant difference between the variations and the highly accepted product was chosen (20%). Under the physico-chemical analysis, the moisture content of 25% millet bar has less, compared to other variations, hardness is more for sample V25 and there is an increased deviation (“E*) of color along with increased millet proportions.
Soil physico-chemical propertes of continous sugarcane growing areas of Gangapur tahsil of Aurangabad district
Authors: Kacheriya Snehal K. , Gaikwad Ganesh K. , Bahiram Rani V. , Adsul P.B. , Waghmare M.S. , Puri Ajit
Published: June 2024

The present investigation was undertaken with an object to know the soil fertility status of continuous sugarcane grown area of Gangapur taluka of Aurangabad district. For this purpose, the soil samples were collected (0-15 cm) from 35 villages of Gangapur taluka. From each village 3 samples were collected. Total 105 samples were analyzed in this study. The collected soil samples were analyzed for chemical properties such as soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and calcium carbonate. Soil pH in sugarcane growing area was ranged from 7.3 to 8.1. Out of 105 soil samples 66 soil samples were mildly alkaline (7.4-7.8) in reaction whereas 36 soil samples were found moderately alkaline in reaction. Only 3 soil samples were found neutral (6.6-7.3) in reaction. Present study indicates that the soils of Gangapur tehsil are neutral to alkaline in reaction. Soil EC of sugarcane growing soils ranged from 0.20 to 0.55 dSm-1. Electrical conductivity of total sugarcane grown area was normal (< 1.0 dSm-1). These soils were categorized as normal in respect of electrical conductivity. Soil organic carbon content in sugarcane grown area was ranged from 0.36 gkg-1 to 0.89 gkg-1 with 57% soil samples have high organic carbon, 38% soil samples have medium organic carbon and only 5% soil samples have low organic carbon. Majority of these soils were high in organic carbon content. The free CaCO3 content in sugarcane growing soils was ranged from 5.9% to 8.5%. Generally, all soil samples exhibit medium status of calcium carbonate, these samples were categorized as calcareous.
Soil physico-chemical propertes of maize growing area of Vaijapur tahsil of Aurangabad district
Authors: Bahiram Rani V. , Gaikwad Ganesh K. , Kacheriya Snehal K. , Adsul P.B. , Waghmare M.S. , Puri Ajit
Published: June 2024

The soil is a living ecosystem made up of a complex system of physical, chemical and biological substrates where energy and matter are captured and transformed by plants, animals and microbes. Soil fertility and plant nutrition are two closely related things that emphasize the forms and availability of nutrients in soil, their movement and uptake by roots and utilization of nutrient within plant. Soil is a vital natural resource and should be used judiciously according to its potential to meet the increasing demands of ever-growing population. The present investigation was carried out with one hundred surface soil samples from different villages of Vaijapur tahsil. The soil samples were studied for chemical properties such as soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and calcium carbonate and available nutrients viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The soil reaction of these soils was studied and observed that the pH of maize growing soils of Vaijapur tahsil ranged from 7.35 to 8.24. These pH values indicated that the most of soils from Vaijapur tahsil were neutral to alkaline in reaction. The electrical conductivity of ranged from 0.13 dSm-1 to 0.26 dSm-1. These values of EC showed that these maize growing soils of Vaijapur tahsil were safe for cultivation of crops. The organic carbon content in these soils was ranged from 2.9 g kg-1 to 6.0 g kg-1. The data revealed that these soils were low to medium in organic carbon content. The calcium carbonate content of these soils was ranged from 2.5 g kg-1 to 10.5 g kg-1. The data regarding to the calcium carbonate indicated that the soils of Vaijapur tahsil were low to medium status of calcium carbonate.
Population of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and yield in tomato using various \bio agents under pot culture conditions
Authors: Senthilkumar P.
Published: June 2024

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable which has a great economic importance and also has a high processing value. Tomatoes are susceptible to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) leading to a great economic loss. The life cycle of root-knot nematode takes about 25 days to complete. Second stage juveniles J2 initiate infection in the host. Root-knot nematodes constitute a major group of plant-parasitic nematodes causing extensive economic damage ton early all crop plants of economic importance in both tropical and sub-tropical crop production regions all over the world (Sikora and Fernandez, 2005). The efficacy of different bioagents like Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pochoniachlamy disporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum against Meloidogyn eincognita was estimated under four replications and assessment of plant morphometric characters and root knot index under pot culture conditions has been recorded. All the four bioagents were tested in vitro to study their efficacy against Meloidogyne incognita. Among all the bioagents tested, Purpureocillium lilacinum treatment showed significant increase in root length and shoot length (40.20cm and 76.20cm, respectively) and the untreated control plants recorded the least roo tlength and shoot length (19.11cm and 21.30cm). All the treatments were found to reduce nematode population in roots and highest reduction was noticed in Purpureocillium lilacinum treated plants (178.50 and 141.20) soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. The untreated plants recorded the highest nematode population of 1314.14 and 1411.20 in soil (250g) and root (5g), respectively. Significant reduction in root knot index (1.2) were observed in the treatment Purpureocillium lilacinum and Carbofuran which recorded (2.0 ) per cent. The untreated control plant roots showed root knot index of 5.00 percent.
Impact of mechanization on rice fallow pulses in cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Angles S. , Jahanmohan K.R.
Published: June 2024

The rice fallow pulses crop is one of the major crop in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu state, in recent years the area under rice fallow pulses are dwindling due to use of heavy machinery like combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Hence, this study was conducted with an objective to assess the impact of mechanization on the rice fallow pulse and to quantify the economic loss due to non-cultivation of rice fallow pulses. Multistage Stratified Random Sampling method was employed for drawing the 100 numbers of samples farm households from Kumbakonam and Orathanadu blocks of Thanjavur district.Among the various consequences, season skipping was the main consequence of heavy machinery usage in rice farming on pulses cultivation in both the study blocks. The reduction in yield of fallow pulses to the tune of more than 50 per cent was felt as the major impact of mechanization in rice farming. Farmers in both the study blocks have cited that the reduction in yield was the major impact which was due to sub optimal plant population due to use of combine harvesters and tractor mounted balers. Non-availability of labour and associated higher cost for labourers was the prime for preference of heavy machineries like combine harvesters and balers in rice farming. It is suggested for development of paddy harvesters specifically for the regions where rice fallow pulses were practices, promotion of irrigated pulses in alternate season and to extend the price incentive which would incentivize the farmers to bring more area under pulses crops.
Distribution and population density of plant parasitic nematodes in Kallakurichi, Vedaranyam and Bargur blocks of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Senthilkumar P.
Published: June 2024

India contribute 9 percent share in world production and one of the main vegetables grown in Tamil Nadu. Major production area of Tamil Nadu is Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Salem and Krishnagiri districts. In India an average, a national loss of Rs. 21,068.73 millions has been estimated due to plant parasitic nematodes. An overall average annual yield loss in major horticultural crops due to nematodes goes upto 60% under protected cultivation. Protected cultivation is an emerging technology for raising vegetable and flower crops under controlled environmental condition and continuous growing of crops. Plant parasitic nematodes has emerged as a major problem, causing enormous yield loss. The maximum population of Pratylenchus spp in soil and root (300.54 and 275.50) were recorded in Veerasolapurammadur village, Kallakurichi block in sugarcane eco system and maximum lesion index 5.0 was recorded in same location and no incidence for root knot nematode was recorded. In Vaedharanyam block, The maximum population of Melodogyne graminicola in soil and root (300.25 and 325.65) were recorded in Neivellakku village, Vedharanyam block in rice eco system and maximum root knot index 5.0 was recorded in same location and no incidence for Aphelenchoides besseyi was recorded. In Barugur block ,The maximum population of lesion nematode, Radopholus similis in soil and root (450.20 and 410.25) were recorded in Santhur village, burgur block in banana eco system and maximum root lesion index 5.0 was recorded in same location and minimum population of root knot nematode (110.20 and 120.54) was recorded in Errapatty village of Burgur block.
Google earth engine based assessment of soil loss using the RUSLE Model: A study of Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Selvaraj Selvakumar , Samykannu Venkadesh , Kovilpillai Boomiraj , Palanivel Rajarathinam
Published: June 2024

Tamil Nadu is very susceptible to soil erosion due to its deforestation, urbanization, complicated terrain and heavy rainfall. The objective of this study was to estimate soil erosion in the Cauvery-delta zone (CDZ) of Tamil Nadu, India, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model in Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The GEE environment provides a faster and better method for spatial output maps. Several parameters including runoff-rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodability factor (K), topographic factor (LS), cropping management factor (C), and support practice factor (P) takes into consideration for RUSLE model. The result revealed that the annual average soil loss within the Cauvery delta zone is approximately 49.08 t/hac/year (metric tonne per hectare per year). The study area has a 45 % very high erosion risk, 42.6 % severe erosion risk, and 8.4 % high risk. Other erosion risk classes, such as slight and moderate erosion, accounted for 3 % and 1 % of the total area, respectively. The results of the study indicate that GEE allow targeted solution to reduce future soil erosion.