bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Neurodegenerative Benefits of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in
Alzheimer’s Disease: Nexus of Cholinergic and Nerve Growth Factor Dysfunction
Authors: Moss Donald E. , Perez Ruth G.
Published: December 2021

:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is increasingly

viewed as a complex multi-dimensional disease without effective treatments. Recent randomized,
placebo-controlled studies have shown volume losses of ~0.7% and ~3.5% per year, respectively,
in the basal cholinergic forebrain (CBF) and hippocampus in untreated suspected prodromal
AD. One year of donepezil treatment reduced these annualized rates of atrophy to about
half of untreated rates. Similar positive although variable results have also been found in volumetric
measurements of the cortex and whole brain in patients with mild cognitive impairment as well
as more advanced AD stages after treatments with all three currently available acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine). Here we review the anti-neurodegenerative
benefits of AChE inhibitors and the expected parallel disease-accelerating impairments
caused by anticholinergics, within a framework of the cholinergic hypothesis of AD and AD-associated
loss of nerve growth factor (NGF). Consistent with the “loss of trophic factor hypothesis of
AD,” we propose that AChE inhibitors enhance acetylcholine-dependent release and uptake of
NGF, thereby sustaining cholinergic neuronal viability and thus slowing AD-associated degeneration
of the CBF, to ultimately delay dementia progression. We propose that improved cholinergic
therapies for AD started early in asymptomatic persons, especially those with risk factors, will delay
the onset, progression, or emergence of dementia. The currently available competitive and pseudo-
irreversible AChE inhibitors are not CNS-selective and thus induce gastrointestinal toxicity that
limits cortical AChE inhibition to ~30% (ranges from 19% to 41%) as measured by in vivo PET
studies in patients undergoing therapy. These levels of inhibition are marginal relative to what is required
for effective symptomatic treatment of dementia or slowing AD-associated neurodegeneration.
In contrast, because of the inherently slow de novo synthesis of AChE in the CNS (about one--
tenth the rate of synthesis in peripheral tissues), irreversible AChE inhibitors produce significantly
higher levels of inhibition in the CNS than in peripheral tissues. For example, methanesulfonyl fluoride,
an irreversible inhibitor reduces CNS AChE activity by ~68% in patients undergoing therapy
and ~80% in cortical biopsies of non-human primates. The full therapeutic benefits of AChE inhibitors,
whether for symptomatic treatment of dementia or disease-slowing, thus would benefit by producing
high levels of CNS inhibition. One way to obtain such higher levels of CNS AChE inhibition
would be by using irreversible inhibitors.
The Orexin System: A Potential Player in the Pathophysiology of Absence
Epilepsy
Authors: Celli Roberta , Luijtelaar Gilles Van
Published: December 2021

Background :

Absence epilepsy is characterized by the presence of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) at the EEG generated within the cortico-thalamo-cortical circuit. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of absence epilepsy are only partially known. WAG/Rij rats older than 2-3 months develop spontaneous SWDs, and they are sensitive to anti-absence medications. Hence, WAG/Rij rats are extensively used as a model for absence epilepsy with predictive validity.

Objective :

To examine the possibility that the orexin system, which supports the wake status in experimental animals and humans, plays a role in the pathophysiology of absence seizures.

Methods :

The perspective grounds its method on recent literature along with measurements of orexin receptor type-1 (OX1) protein levels in the thalamus and somatosensory cortex of WAG/Rij rats and non-epileptic Wistar control rats at two ages (25 days and 6-7 months). OX1 protein levels were measured by immunoblotting.

Results :

The analysis of the current literature suggests that the orexin system might be involved in the pathophysiology of absence epilepsy and might be targeted by therapeutic intervention. Experimental data are in line with this hypothesis showing that OX1 protein levels were reduced in the thalamus and somatosensory cortex of symptomatic WAG/Rij rats (6-7 months of age) with respect to non-epileptic controls, whereas these differences were not seen in pre-symptomatic, 25 days-old WAG/Rij rats.

Conclusions :

This might pave the way to future studies on the involvement of the orexinergic system in the pathophysiology of SWDs associated with absence epilepsy and its comorbidities.
Characterization of Warm-Up in Soccer: Report from Portuguese Elite Soccer Coaches
Authors: Ferraz Ricardo , Ribeiro Paulo , Neiva Henrique P. , Forte Pedro , Branquinho Luís , Marinho Daniel A.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Warm-up before competition and training is a strategy that is widely acknowledged to improve players’ physical condition and performance. However, the importance of warm-up is not well understood and so there is a research gap into this topic.

Objective:

This study aimed to characterize the warm-up of professional soccer players by differences and similarities between different coaches’ methodologies.

Methods:

A group of thirty-two Portuguese elite soccer coaches participated in this study An observational study design was conducted through a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire with nineteen questions. During the questionnaire, coaches were asked to provide specific information about the warm-ups prescribed for soccer players, about their importance from a technical, physical and psychological point of view and the importance they attached to the warm-up / reheating of substitute players. The questionnaire was administered to the coaches at the end of a training session.

Results:

The results indicated that there is no consensus regarding the type of warm-up that should be prescribed. There are different opinions between elite coaches regarding the warm-up components that must be emphasized in order to prepare players for the game demands. Moreover, considering the tactical, technical, physical, and psychological dimensions, the coaches have different perspectives of the warm-up.

Conclusion:

This study allowed to conclude that there is no standard regarding the prescription of warm-up in professional soccer players, in the opinion of coaches. This is mainly due to the fact that there is a distinct appreciation in relation to the importance and influence of warm-up for performance.
Patient Influencers: The Next Frontier in Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Marketing
Authors: Willis Erin , Delbaere Marjorie
Published: December 2021

Social media influencers are becoming an increasingly popular strategic communication tactic used across industry verticals, including entertainment, fashion, and beauty, to engage directly with consumers. Pharmaceutical companies have also recently entered the social media marketing arena and—within the bounds of governmental regulations—have found ways to build relationships directly with patients using covert persuasion tactics like partnering with social media influencers. Due to consumers’ negative perceptions of pharmaceutical companies, it makes sense that new marketing tactics are being used to establish and improve relationships with consumers. Previous research well documents the ethical dilemmas of direct-to-consumer advertising, and there is recent burgeoning literature on online covert marketing tactics. The academic and medical literature, however, is behind in regard to social media influencers used in health and medicine. This paper highlights and defines terms used in industry practice, and also calls for more investigation and sets forward a research agenda. As consumers spend more time online and patients continue to consult social media for health information, it is important that this new marketing trend does not go unnoticed.
Awareness, Prevention, Detection, and Therapy Applications for Depression and Anxiety in Serious Games for Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review
Authors: Martinez Kim , Menéndez-Menéndez Maria Isabel , Bustillo Andres
Published: December 2021

Background

Depression and anxiety in children and adolescents are major health problems worldwide. In recent years, serious games research has advanced in the development of tools to address these mental health conditions. However, there has not been an extensive analysis of these games, their tendencies, and capacities.

Objective

This review aims to gather the most current serious games, published from 2015 to 2020, with a new approach focusing on their applications: awareness, prevention, detection, and therapy. The purpose is also to analyze the implementation, development, and evaluation of these tools to obtain trends, strengths, and weaknesses for future research lines.

Methods

The identification of the serious games through a literature search was conducted on the databases PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, Springer, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The identified records were screened to include only the manuscripts meeting these criteria: a serious game for PC, smartphone, or virtual reality; developed by research teams; targeting only depression or anxiety or both; aiming specifically at children or adolescents.

Results

A total of 34 studies have been found that developed serious games for PC, smartphone, and virtual reality devices and tested them in children and adolescents. Most of the games address both conditions and are applied in prevention and therapy. Nevertheless, there is a trend that anxiety is targeted more in childhood and depression targeted more in adolescence. Regarding design, the game genres arcade minigames, adventure worlds, and social simulations are used, in this order. For implementation, these serious games usually require sessions of 1 hour and are most often played using a PC. Moreover, the common evaluation tools are normalized questionnaires that measure acquisition of skills or reduction of symptoms. Most studies collect and compare these data before and after the participants play.

Conclusions

The results show that more awareness and detection games are needed, as well as games that mix the awareness, prevention, detection, and therapy applications. In addition, games for depression and anxiety should equally target all age ranges. For future research, the development and evaluation of serious games should be standardized, so the implementation of serious games as tools would advance. The games should always offer support while playing, in addition to collecting data on participant behavior during the game to better analyze their learning. Furthermore, there is an open line regarding the use of virtual reality for these games due to the capabilities offered by this technology.
Model Ecotourism-Based Tourism Development Strategy and Empowerment of Local Communities in Merauke Regency
Authors: Tjilen Alexander Phuk , Ririhena Samel Watina , Manuhutu Fenty Y
Published: December 2021

The research objectives are to produce a strategy model for ecotourism development that supports the empowerment of local communities in Merauke Regency.The research method uses Research & Development to create a model of empowerment through community-based learning, by evaluating the implementation of tourism strategies, which are realized in the form of activity guides and training, for the tourism community in Merauke Regency, by involving the Tourism Office, Tourism Business Actors, and traditional community managers tourist village.The results of the study explain the stages of ecotourism development and empowerment strategies including Strategy development of concepts, vision and mission to become guidance in implementation by providing an impact on the emergence of motivation and clarity of types of profitable tourism businesses and expanding access in accordance with their potential.Strategy for capacity building and participation is a lesson for participants in doing business based on groups, understanding how to maintain customers, how to manage a more productive business that results in community participation that supports tourism businesses. Commitment consolidation strengthening strategy embracing all stakeholders and external carrying capacity in the process of empowering and developing eco-tourism, so that the acceleration of the world of tourism is quickly obtained.Strategy for Strengthening Environmental Carrying Capacity is the internal carrying capacity and potential that exists in tourism objects based on the carrying capacity of culture, socio-economics and the carrying capacity of natural resources so that sustainability and natural conservation are achieved.
Mundial de Futbol Rusia 2018: la producción del espacio a través de un megaevento deportivo
Authors: Montero Oropeza Jonathan , Celis Galindo Dante Guillermo
Published: December 2021

Los megaeventos se convierten en una fuente de análisis de interpretación para la geografía considerando las acciones de la producción de la espacialidad deportiva mediante relaciones de poder a través de las élites locales e internacionales y las repercusiones socioeconómicas que se generan en las ciudades de las sedes deportivas. El propósito es mostrar que la edición XXI de la Copa Mundial de Futbol celebrada en Rusia en 2018 dejó constancia de la relevancia de los megaeventos deportivos para los intereses de los grupos de poder económico y político. Los organizadores locales se enfocaron en consolidar su poder a escala nacional y las organizaciones deportivas hegemónicas estatales e internacionales fortalecieron alianzas y desafíos en coordinación con los locales, lo cual generó espacialidades deportivas en contextos sociopolíticos diferenciados. En la Copa Mundial de Futbol 2018, como en todas las Copas, el gobierno ruso promovió con múltiples intereses la proyección de la imagen de un país desarrollado, con progreso económico y apertura internacional, buscando la reconciliación e integración nacional tras la caída en 1991 del bloque socialista. Asimismo, este trabajo tiene la finalidad de entender al deporte profesional de futbol como un objeto de estudio asociado con las diversas manifestaciones políticas a lo largo de la historia de Rusia, con énfasis en la relación deporte-Estado, en el periodo socialista (1917-1991) y tras la desintegración de la URSS. Se destaca en estos periodos cómo aprovecharon los gobiernos en turno y las élites rusas la exposición del país ante el mundo a partir de la organización de los megaventos de futbol para mostrar su poder de clase, el vanguardismo de la infraestructura de sus estadios, la modernidad de sus ciudades, la defensa de sus ideologías, valores, logros económicos y su papel como potencia mundial.
Registros de mamíferos del ejido Progresito, Peto, Yucatán, México
Authors: Cimé-Pool José Adrián Cimé-Pool , Balam-Ballote Yariely del Rocío , Hernández-Betancourt Silvia Filomena , Pech-Canché Juan Manuel , López-Cobá Ermilo Humberto , Sarmiento-Pérez Juan Carlos , Canul-Yah Samuel
Published: December 2021

RESUMEN
La selva mediana subcaducifolia del estado de Yucatán alberga una alta diversidad de mamíferos que, sin embargo, enfrentan problemas de conservación. Esta selva presenta problemas severos de destrucción y fragmentación por actividades antrópicas. En este estudio se dan a conocer registros de los mamíferos silvestres del Ejido Progresito, municipio de Peto, Yucatán, México. El trabajo de campo consistió en un taller de diagnóstico participativo y recorridos para registrar las especies a través de métodos directos e indirectos. Se registraron 16 especies, de 14 familias y 7 órdenes. Los órdenes más diversos fueron Rodentia y Carnivora con cinco especies cada uno. Las especies Dasypus novemcinctus, Tamandua mexicana, Eira barbara y Dicotyles crassus se registraron únicamente a través del taller de diagnóstico. Es indudable que existen más especies de mamíferos que no se pudieron registrar con los métodos empleados. Los resultados indican el valor de los remanentes de selva para la conservación de los mamíferos silvestres.
Palabras clave: Conservación, inventarios, selva mediana subcaducifolia, Yucatán.
Retrofitting of Confined Brick Masonry with FRP
Authors: Hameed Salman
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Brick masonry structures are commonly used in world because of its simplicity and economy. However, it is susceptible to failure in earthquakes because of the bricks weak interlocking bonds and brick masonry structures designed mainly against gravity load demand. Therefore, in recent years research work has been conducted to confine the unreinforced brick masonry with reinforced concrete tie beams and column, to improve its seismic performance. This enhances both the lateral resistance and stability of the entire structure, to perform as one mass unit against the lateral forces. However, the effect of confining brick masonry through reinforced concrete member has been evaluated in the past only on testing single cantilever walls or single room. Therefore, this research work aims to evaluate its influence on large structures i.e., highlight its limitation and afterward mitigate the damages by introducing external FRP strengthening techniques. The structures configuration is based on the observation made in Pakistan’s rural areas where mostly brick masonry structure. Confined brick masonry walls are subjected to quasi static lateral loading, afterwards retrofitted with FRP and tested again. The test result discussion includes load response behavior, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation and damage indices. Keywords: Confined brick masonry, RC tie beam column, FRP, Retrofitting, Seismic analysis, Quasi Static
SENTIMIENTO Y AFECTO
Authors: Balladares Silvia , Saiz Mario
Published: December 2021

Se explora la relación de la función sentimiento (Jung, 1921; Millon, 2001), con el afecto positivo y negativo (Watson et al. 1988), y las metas motivacionales expansión -preservación  (Millon, 2001), en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios (n=200).  La función sentimiento y la expansión - preservación se estudia  a través del Inventario de Estilos de Personalidad [MIPS]  (Millon, 2001) y  el afecto positivo y negativo a través de la Escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo [PANAS] (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988), siendo la presente investigación parte de su traducción y adaptación para Uruguay.  Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe una correlación inversa  entre la función sentimiento y el afecto positivo,  no encontrándose correlación con  afecto negativo y tampoco con expansión y preservación.
The Poem “Flowers” by P. A. Vyazemsky as an Evidence of Franco-Russian Literary and Cultural Relations
Authors: Nenarokova Maria R.
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on a little-known poem “Flowers” by P. A. Vyazemsky. The history of the poem, its genre and content are under consideration. The works of French light poetry belonging to the subgenre “bouquet poem” and written in the period from 1803 to 1822 were taken as material for comparison. The research relevance lies in the need to consider the interaction of two phenomena of French culture, light poetry and the language of flowers, and their adaptation by Russian culture. The novelty of the research lies in highlighting the subgenre of light poetry “bouquet poem”, in considering the circumstances of creation of the poem “Flowers” and in studying the list of plants mentioned by Vyazemsky in this poem from the point of view of the language of flowers. The study showed that the poem “Flowers” could be written as a poetic tribute to the memory of the playwright Ozerov. It testifies to the strong influence of French literature on Vyazemsky’s work. In terms of structure, composition and set of loci communes, it fully meets the requirements for a “bouquet poem”. Vyazemsky was familiar with all the European traditions of the language of flowers, while he himself created new meanings for some of the plants mentioned in the poem.
Plural economy and solidary social economy: Discussing the concepts
Authors: Nagao-Menezes Daniel Francisco
Published: December 2021

This article presents this trajectory, starting from the work of Milton Santos on the circuits in the urban economics in the underdeveloped countries and their relation to the popular economy. We also discuss the solidarity economy, which originated within the framework of European associativism, and in Brazil assumes peculiar contours when focusing on self-managed collective production. Finally, we discuss how the current Latin American debate articulates the questioning of the market society and the proposition of an “other economy” focused on work and on the plurality of economic principles. In this sense, “social and solidarity economy” would be, in peripheral and in central countries, a set of initiatives oriented to an ideal economic system, to replace the “economy of capital”.
The Inclusion of Women and Young People in Brazilian Solidary Cooperatives: a Proposal for an Inde
Authors: Siqueira-Fernandes Bruno , Lima-Silva Gabrielle , Henrique-Almeida Gabriel , Fernandes-Barbosa Lucas , Jária-Martins Mariana , Cornélio-Diniz Sibelle , Neves-Silva Thiago
Published: December 2021

This article presents the elaboration and the results of the “Inclusive Development Index for Solidary Cooperatives” (IDICS in Portuguese). The Index measures the inclusion of young people and women in 30 cooperatives of family farming in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Its elaboration took place through a participatory process with the cooperatives’ members and managers. IDICS consists of 2 sub-indexes of 18 variables each: The Women's Inclusion Index (IIM) and the Youth Inclusion Index (IIJ). The collection of data was done through structured questionnaires, applied remotely to the cooperatives. The results suggest a strong heterogeneity among the cooperatives, and the results are related to the size, time of operation of the cooperative and the region of location. Most cooperatives lack progress with regard to their inclusion processes. Therefore, the Index can be a useful tool for planning and identifying good practices.
Hubungan Kecerdasan Intrapersonal dengan Minat Belajar Matematika Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Karanganyar
Authors: Sari Vera Kumala , Wibowo Ari
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui: 1) Tingkat kecerdasan intrapersonal siswa kelas V; 2) Minat belajar matematika siswa kelas V; 3) Hubungan antara kecerdasan intrapersonal dengan minat belajar matematika siswa kelas V dan mengetahui model regresi linier sederhana antara kedua variabel. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif korelasional. Populasi siswa kelas V MI se-Kabupaten Karanganyar berjumlah 290 siswa dengan jumlah sampel 148 siswa yang diambil menggunakan teknik sampling area, namun hanya 148 data yang dianalisis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Kecerdasan intrapersonal siswa kelas V berada pada kategori sedang sebesar 54,70%; (2) Minat belajar matematika siswa kelas V berada dalam kategori sedang sebesar 51,40%; (3) Terdapat hubungan yang positif antara kecerdasan intrapersonal dengan minat belajar siswa kelas V dengan nilai  0,870  0,159,  Model regresi linier sederhananya adalah  = 22,978 + 0,851X. Model tersebut mengandung makna bahwa disetiap penambahan 1 satuan kecerdasan intrapersonal akan mampu meningkatkan minat belajar matematika siswa sebesar 0,851 satuan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan, semakin tinggi kecerdasan intrapersonal pesert didik, maka semakin meningkat pula minat belajarnya.
EXPLORING NOMINALIZATION USE IN GRADUATE THESIS ABSTRACTS: AN SFL APPROACH TO ACADEMIC WRITING
Authors: Mahfudurido Ilzam
Published: December 2021

Abstract becomes the mandatory part of an article which should be concise and lexically condensed. Unfortunately, not all academic writers can meet this demand. Following Halliday Matthiessen’s (1999) types of the grammatical metaphor in which the nominalization plays as the main tendency of the construal, this study investigates nominalization cases and how they are manifested in the texts. Seven graduate students’ thesis abstracts of the Linguistics Department of a state university in Indonesia were opted as the object of the investigation. Each instance of the nominalization was coded, counted, and classified to decide their types and an in-depth elaboration of how they are manifested in the texts is provided as well. The results showed that the graduate students employed all types of the nominalization to increase the abstracts’ conciseness. The Process nominalization realized from the process-thing transference highly dominates the abstracts. The findings also reveal a wide gap of the nominalization use between the process nominalization and the other types indicating the students’ lower intermediacy of the nominalization mastery in the academic writing. Therefore, the explicit teaching of the nominalization is highly recommended as this could be of value to the students involved in the scientific publication in this university.
The Cost of Fraud Prediction Errors
Authors: Beneish Messod D. , Vorst Patrick
Published: December 2021

We compare seven fraud prediction models with a cost-based measure that nets the benefits of correctly anticipating instances of fraud against the costs borne by incorrectly flagging non-fraud firms. We find that even the best models trade off false to true positives at rates exceeding 100:1. Indeed, the high number of false positives makes all seven models considered too costly for auditors to implement, even in subsamples where misreporting is more likely. For investors, M-Score and, at higher cut-offs, the F-Score, are the only models providing a net benefit. For regulators, several models are economically viable as false positive costs are limited by the number of investigations regulators can initiate, and by the relatively low market value loss a “falsely accused” firm would bear in denials of requests under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). Our results are similar whether we consider fraud or two alternative restatement samples.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G31; G32; G34; M40.
The impact of desflurane and sevoflurane on the intraoperative and early postoperative period in liver transplantation
Authors: Zhuravel S. V. , Kuznetsova N. K. , Aleksandrova V. E. , Goncharova I. I.
Published: December 2021

Background. A pressing issue is the choice of an anesthetic agent for liver transplantation. The mechanism of the organprotective properties of desflurane and sevoflurane is not fully understood. It is important to understand the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver graft

Aim. To study the effect of desflurane and sevoflurane on the intraoperative and early postoperative period in liver transplantation.

Material and methods. The study included 47 patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies who underwent cadaveric liver transplantation between February and December 2020. The groups compared in the study included 24 patients who received desflurane and 23 patients who received sevoflurane.

Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the effect of desflurane and sevoflurane on hemodynamic parameters, on the need for vasopressor drugs. Episodes of bradycardia and cardiac arrhythmias were significantly more frequent when using sevoflurane. Patients were extubated significantly faster after surgery in the desflurane group. In the early postoperative period, desflurane and sevoflurane did not adversely affect significantly the liver graft function and the degree of its ischemia-reperfusion injury. The groups appeared comparable in rates of using the renal replacement therapy, the incidence of the graft dysfunction development in the postoperative period, and the surgery outcomes.

Conclusions. The use of modern inhalation anesthetics desflurane and sevoflurane to maintain anesthesia during liver transplantation does not adversely affect the course of the intraoperative and early postoperative period.
Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for acute stroke
Authors: Rzhevskaya O. N. , Moiseeva A. Y. , Esaulenko A. N. , Pinchuk A. V. , Alidzhanova Kh. G.
Published: December 2021

One of the most relevant issues of nephrology, neurology, and cardiology is the management and treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease and stroke. Patients with chronic kidney disease have a risk of both thrombotic complications and bleeding, and they have a high risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Chronic kidney disease significantly worsens the outcome of stroke by limiting the treatment due to reduced drug clearance and side effects. Hemodialysis which causes drastic hemodynamic and biochemical changes leads to the "stress" of the cerebral vascular system, increasing the risk of stroke; kidney transplantation reduces the risk of stroke due to functional recovery. Chronic kidney disease and stroke have significant socio-economic consequences. Patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, as a rule, are not included in clinical trials; and stroke treatment tactics have not been developed for them. This review examines the interaction between kidneys and brain, the pathophysiology and epidemiology of stroke in all stages of chronic kidney disease, after kidney transplantation and discusses the management and treatment of chronic kidney disease patients with stroke.

The investigation of the factors responsible for the high prevalence of brain lesions in chronic kidney disease will allow developing new treatment methods.
CORPORATE INCOME TAX: EFFECTIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC FISCAL POLICY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUPPORT
Authors: Vasilyeva Tetyana , Vysochyna Alina , Taranchenko Alina
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the approaches to the definition of the essence and quantitative assessment of the fiscal effectiveness of the income tax. According to the results of the study, it was found out that the fiscal effectiveness of the income tax can be estimated through the indicators of fiscal importance of the tax in the tax revenues of the state (consolidated) budget; tax burden of the tax (in relation to GDP); elasticity of income tax; effective tax rate and tax productivity, etc. The analysis of the dynamics of these indicators over the past few years in Ukraine has allowed us to confirm the low level of fiscal effectiveness and regulatory potential of this tax for Ukraine. One of the possible ways to improve the fiscal effectiveness of the income tax is to use indirect channels of influence, which are represented by the general state of the country's economic development, labor market efficiency, level of welfare of the population, investment attractiveness, and performance of enterprises. The empirical study of determining the most significant channels of influence on the indicators of fiscal effectiveness of the income tax has made it possible to find out: 1) growth of absolute amounts of income tax revenue can be achieved through the use of the investment channel, budget channel and labor market channel; 2) increase in the tax burden on income tax is contributed by the increase in the revenues of the Consolidated Budget, index of industrial producer prices and consumer price index, and increase of the employment rate, while the improvement of the indicators of the overall economic development of the state and investment climate leads to reduction of the tax burden; 3) increase in the fiscal significance of the income tax is contributed by the increase in growth rate of direct investment, level of employment and real wages. Thus, the analysis conducted allowed to identify the channels through which authorities can influence the fiscal effectiveness of the income tax
Explaining the Impact of Perceived Career Growth and Organisational Justice on Intention to Stay
Authors: Mehmood Sultan Adal , Nadarajah Devika , Akhtar Muhammad Saood
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to investigate intention to stay among officers in the City Traffic Police Lahore in relation to their perceptions of organisational justice and career growth. Using a quantitative research approach, a sample of 224 traffic wardens working in 30 sectors in the city of Lahore were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were gathered using a questionnaire containing Likert-type scales relating to all variable of interest. Apart from procedural justice and professional ability development, all dimensions of organisational justice and perceived career growth were found to significantly influence traffic officers’ intention to stay. Moreover, promotional speed emerged as the strongest predictor of the intent to stay. The findings of this study may guide police authorities in dealing with issues on turnover by initiating policies which can strengthen employee retention intention. Additionally, it provides empirical insights on the contributing factors of high turnover in the City Traffic Police Lahore. This paper enhances understanding of turnover issues by investigating retention intention of traffic police officers in an Eastern culture. Specifically, this research contributes to literature by examining the predictive role of organisational inducement factors (organisational justice and career growth) on attitude (intention to stay). Additionally, both the exogenous constructs of interest are used at the dimensional levels.
IDEAL SHARE IN EXCLUSIVE COPYRIGHT: UTOPIA OR REALITY?
Authors: SHCHERBAK N.V.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the problem of allocating ideal shares in exclusive copyright. The legal and dogmatic design of exclusive rights allows you to establish not only a joint, but also share right and this is fully consistent with the stimulating function of exclusive rights. The paper analyzes various theoretical models of exclusive right, and concludes that the lack of ideal shares in exclusive right becomes a stumbling block for commercializing the results of intellectual activity and leads to paralysis of civil turnover.
Efectos de la presión hidrostática sobre los modos defectivos en un cristal fotónico bidimensional semiconductor con geometría hexagonal
Authors: Soto Perdomo Juan Sebastián , Arrieta Jiménez Emiro Segundo
Published: December 2021

Las propiedades ópticas de las estructuras caracterizadas mediante una función dieléctrica periódica como los cristales fotónicos (CFs), ha despertado interés por sus aplicaciones en diversos campos de la óptica y la optoelectrónica. Cuando la periodicidad de los CFs se rompe por la inserción de defectos, permite el confinamiento de modos de luz. En esta contribución, utilizando el método de expansión en ondas planas para el modo de polarización transversal magnética y el Software computacional MATLAB, se estudia el efecto de la presión hidrostática sobre la estructura de bandas en un cristal fotónico bidimensional (CF-2D) con red hexagonal, compuesto por agujeros de aire en un fondo de material semiconductor defosfuro de galio (GaP), que se caracteriza por tener el índice de refracción más alto entre los semiconductores binarios y su rango de transmisión se utiliza en aplicaciones de luz visible e infrarrojo cercano. Inicialmente, se estudia la relación de dispersión del cristal fotónico regular (sin defecto) y se analiza la zona de Banda Fotónica Prohibida (BFP); posteriormente seaumenta la presión hidrostática, generando que la estructura de banda fotónica presente un desplazamiento a regiones de alta frecuencia. Posteriormente, utilizando la técnica de la supercelda se considera un defecto puntual dentro de la estructura, que reemplaza un agujero de aire por material semiconductor, que genera estados permitidos o modos de defecto en el interior del bandgap fotónico. Al aumentar la presión hidrostática se observa que el ancho del bandgap fotónico permanece inalterado y los modos de defecto presentan un desplazamiento a valores de altas frecuencias.
APROXIMACIONES REFLEXIVAS Y EMPÍRICAS EN LA GESTIÓN DE PROCESOS ADMINISTRATIVOS EN LAS MIPYMES DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE SUCRE- COLOMBIA
Authors: Barios Pacheco Elkin Darío , Ortega Cardozo Luis Manuel , Niebles Nuñez William A.
Published: December 2021

El presente texto tiene como finalidad analizar de manera reflexiva y empírica la gestión de procesos administrativos en las Mipymes del departamento de Sucre. Esto parte de la necesidad de una argumentación de un modelo de gestión que facilite de manera funcional y eficiente, los procesos administrativos en las Mipymes de Sucre. La metodología propuesta parte de un análisis teórico de los constructos de investigación, Gestión de procesos y en Mipymes, aplicando la bibliometría mediante el software VOSviewer. Para esta primera parte se trabajó con dos muestras bibliográficas de 14,333 documentos publicados sobre la gestión de procesos administrativos en base de datos SCOPUS, arrojando una muestra de 597 palabras claves de un total de 12748 palabras y 532 documentos publicados sobre el tema en Mipymes obteniendo una muestra de 47 palabras claves. El método aplicado es de lo general a lo particular, realizando las reflexiones a nivel general de la ciencia y luego particularizando en la Mipymes como abordaje teórico y anivel empírico en Sucre, Colombia. Entre los principales resultados se reconoce la gestión de los directivos o empresarios de las Mipymes en Sucre, identificando su idiosincrasia, prácticas comunes y formas de manejar situaciones problema. Por lo cual, el establecimiento de ventajas competitivas que le signifiquen un plus, inicia desde el cambio de paradigmas en su modelo de administración y gestión de procesos.
MERCADOTECNIA SOCIAL EN LA SALUD EN TIEMPOS DE COVID-19
Authors: Ruiz Santoyo Grace Aileen , Juárez López Berenice , Aguilera Fernández Albany
Published: December 2021

Actualmente, las empresas y los gobiernos enfrentan serios problemas ocasionados por la pandemia del COVID-19, especialmente, el sector salud y el consumidor sanitario. Así mismo, la disciplina de la mercadotecnia ha tenido importantes cambios, sobre todo, el estudio de la mercadotecnia social en la salud. Las estrategias publicitarias se han adaptado a la nueva normalidad, mediante la difusión de mensajes en diversos canales de distribución, con el objetivo de concientizar a la población. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de la investigación es analizar la mercadotecnia social en la salud y proponer un modelo teórico a partir de las estrategias publicitarias, la difusión de los mensajes y los canales de distribución en el consumidor sanitario durante la pandemia. La metodología de investigación es descriptiva, con un enfoque causal y transversal, a mediante el diseño de un instrumento. Finalmente, se concluye que los gobiernos y las empresas deben realizar esfuerzos por desarrollar estrategias publicitarias de mercadotecnia social en la salud a partir de la difusión de mensajes y selección de canales de distribución adecuados para lograr la concientización de la población.
ESTRATEGIAS PARA SACAR VENTAJA DE LAS TECNOLOGIAS DISRUPTIVAS EN EL SECTOR DE LAS TECNOLOGIAS DE LA INFORMACION Y LAS COMUNICACIONES
Authors: Rodríguez Pinzón Hulber Rodrigo , Puentes Velásquez Andrés Mauricio , Suarez Domínguez María Liliana
Published: December 2021

Este artículo pretende definir una serie de estrategias que le permite a las empresas de telecomunicaciones obtener ventajas de las tecnologías disruptivas que en ocasiones amenazan la permanencia de las empresas del sector. Se plantea hacer un estudio de estándares de TI que puedan ayudar a fortalecer estrategias de negocio, de igual manera una profundización de las áreas de TI que pueden fortalecer ideas innovadoras y de algunas políticas nacionales en materia de tecnología de las cuales se pueda sacar provecho para que las tecnologías disruptivas cambien las empresas de manera positiva.
PLATAFORMA DE CAPTURA, ALMACENAMIENTO, PROCESAMIENTO Y VISUALIZACIÓN DE DATOS DE UNA RED ACELEROMÉTRICA ORIENTADA AL MONITOREO DE SALUD ESTRUCUTRAL
Authors: Angarita Wilson , Aristizabal Victor , Acevedo Eder
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo describe un prototipo de software desarrollado en el contexto del monitoreo de salud estructural, SHM por sus sigla en inglés Structure Healt Monitoring, proceso que involucra la implementación de estrategias para la detección y caracterización de daños en estructuras, en este caso particular, el trabajo se centró en el desarrollo de una plataforma de captura, almacenamiento, procesamiento y visualización de datos de aceleración suministrados por una red de sensores de bajo costo tipo microelectromecanicos MEMS, como primer paso en la consecución de un sistema completo de SHM, dentro de las características principales que posee la plataforma es el uso de herramientas de software libre que permiten la reducción de costos de licenciamientos y el entorno de desarrollo web.
DESARROLLO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍAS BIOMÉDICAS PARA LA TELEREHABILITACIÓN FUNCIONAL
Authors: Sierra Javier E. , Medina Boris , Rodríguez Liliana , Pachón Claudia , Barrios Meryene
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo muestra el desarrollo e implementación de un sistema de telerehabilitación funcional empleando entornos virtuales interactivos y tecnologías biomédicas en pacientes con secuelas de parálisis cerebral con limitación en los movimientos de las extremidades superiores e inferiores. El sistema facilita la intervención terapéutica empleando la telerehabilitación a través de videojuegos con interfaz de adquisición de movimientos. La plataforma se desarrolló en un lenguaje de programación de fácil configuración, de tal forma que los terapeutas puedan cambiar y ajustar los retos de cada intervención terapéutica de forma interactiva, amigable y divertida, acorde al progreso y motivando al paciente a continuar con su evolución. Los resultados muestran mejora en niños con parálisis cerebral, con limitaciones en movimiento a nivel de miembros superiores o inferiores.
FORMULACIÓN DEL MODELO TEÓRICO DEL PROCESO DE GASIFICACIÓN DE BIOMASA DE UN REACTOR DE LECHO FIJO
Authors: Toscano Jhon Arévalo , Cabellos Martínez Malka Irina , Clavijo Ortiz Gerson David
Published: December 2021

La gasificación de biomasa es uno de los sistemas con gran potencial ya que permite la generación tanto de energía térmica como eléctrica, mediante tecnologías de bajo costo. Para la implementación de esta técnica, se requiere el conocimiento del proceso termoquímico y las influencias de los parámetros que intervienen dentro de la gasificación, para esto se hace necesario implementar un modelo teórico que permita realizar un análisis de lo ocurrido en cada fase de la gasificación de biomasa. Los sistemas de gasificación de biomasa, bien sea de origen forestal, agrícola o urbanos se enmarcan dentro del desarrollo sostenible de los países, ya que se integran con planes de manejo de residuos sólidos, generando energía eléctrica, disminuyendo la dependencia energética de combustibles derivados del petróleo y reduciendo las emisiones de dióxido de carbono a la atmósfera. En el desarrollo del proyecto se plantea formular el modelo teórico de la gasificación de biomasa en un reactor de lecho fijo con flujo descendente, donde se puede predecir la composición del gas obtenido. Se desarrolla el modelo a partir del planteamiento de las ecuaciones de equilibrio termodinámico y balance de masa en las zonas de oxidación y reducción.
APRENDIZAJE ACTIVO E INNOVACIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DE INGENIERÍA
Authors: Durán Chinchilla Claudia Marcela , Rosado Gómez Alveiro Alonso
Published: December 2021

En este mundo versátil y de constantes cambios tecnológicos, las empresas, instituciones y el mercado en general, exige en los profesionales actitudes creativas e innovadoras que permitan potenciar el desarrollo de las mismas; en tal sentido, las universidades deben estar en sintonía con esas necesidades y requerimientos, por lo cual, los programas académicos deben hacer uso de metodologías que impulsen y desarrollen habilidades innovadoras, en especial y en este caso nos referimos a los programas de ingeniería, las cuales requieren nuevas formas, nuevas didácticas y metodologías de enseñanza – aprendizaje que preparen a los profesionales para enfrentarse a la sociedad actual. En tal sentido, en este trabajo se realiza una revisión de aquellas experiencias significativas implementadas y con resultado positivo en los programas de ingeniería del país.
REGULACIÓN O NO PARA LA IA? PROPUESTA DE REGULACIÓN HÍBRIDA DE LA EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Bahamón Alex , Barrero Juan Pablo
Published: December 2021

La inteligencia artificial es una tecnología que es cada vez más importante en el panorama científico e industrial en Colombia. Su implementación trae consigo empleo, eficiencia y otros beneficios para la economía del país, pero, al mismo tiempo genera riesgos para la privacidad (por ejemplo, en el uso de datos), el mercado y los consumidores, entre otros. Con esto en mente, a partir de parámetros éticos y estableciendo un conjunto de máximas se propone un marco ético que permita a los diferentes actores que hacen uso y desarrollan la inteligencia artificial autorregularse y que de una base sobre la cual se pueda desarrollar una legislación. De este modo se construyó un marco con el objetivo de permitir la innovación y el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y proteger los derechos de los individuos que se ven expuestos a ellas.
INDUSTRIALISED STRUCTURES AS AN INNOVATIVE ELEMENT UNDER THE CONTRAST OF ENGINEERS' PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Barrientos Monsalve Ender José , Cárdenas Gutiérrez Javier Alfonso , Bravo Fuentes Carlos Javier
Published: December 2021

The objective of the research was to make known the experiences of calculating engineers in the face of the behavior of industrialized buildings in earthquakes of great magnitude in the departments of Santander and Norte de Santander, Colombia.This industrialized construction system for houses was taken as object of study due to its novel implantation in the departments. The planning, execution and application of the 2010 seismic standard applied in Colombia in the field of building construction was analyzed. In addition to the field experiences of the professionals and university professors of both departments, the research was based mainly on the technical knowledge of the specialists. These two characteristics were taken into account due to the absence of information on the structural behavior under earthquakes of great magnitude of the buildings constructed with the system in the departments. The interpretative method was used with the support of the computer-assisted qualitative analysis program ATLAS.ti, which allowed the association of codes through the relationships of the interviews. The results concluded in the feasibility of implementing the system as a method of construction of buildings resistant to earthquakes of great magnitude subject to strict monitoring of the parameters described in the relevant regulations for the country, however the information provided is of great importance for individuals and contractors in the construction area in Colombia, since the expert engineers in calculations have some contradictions as for the industrialized system, and this can be factor of incidences in the response to earthquakes of these buildings, it is for that reason that the information revealed is a novelty to take into account the types of systems that calculate them the same but really have many structural differences and this could be a key element in an earthquake of great magnitude.