bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Occupational Health Cost Containment Program
Authors: Spain Barbara J.
Published: July 2017

A mandatory second surgical opinion program was implemented January 1, 1983, for some 15,800 employees, retirees and dependents of a Chicago metropolitan based telecommunications manufacturing industry. A Health Information Services (HIS) department was established and an occupational health nurse chosen to provide consultation regarding the program requirements and available health care options. After one year in operation the total cost savings was estimated to be $364,932, less start-up and operating costs, and fees paid for second opinion consultations for 345 individuals who contacted HIS regarding second elective surgical opinions and returned evaluation surveys. The greatest savings resulted from surgeries avoided with resultant savings from avoiding surgeons' fees, hospitalization costs and disability pay. Significant savings were also realized by encouraging the use of ambulatory services such as pre-admission testing and out-patient surgery.
Globalization, Democratization and Economic Growth of East Asia
Authors: Mah Jai S.
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the causality among globalization, democratization and economic growth of four East Asian economies. A small-sample cointegration test is employed. The error-correction model shows that domestic investment causes economic growth in the case of Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows influence the economic growth of Malaysia and Taiwan positively, while there is no evidence suggesting that exports cause economic growth in four economies. There is no evidence that oppression of political freedom leads to economic growth in any of these economies. The current paper reveals that democratization is not caused by economic growth.
Constrained Intentions
Authors: Geist Claudia , Brauner-Otto Sarah
Published: July 2017

Using five waves of the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics ( pairfam), we examine how economic circumstances are related to fertility intentions in childless young men and women in East and West Germany. We explore multiple dimensions of fertility intentions: short-term intentions for the next two years, long-term expectations about family size, and uncertainty about these short- and long-term intentions. Our findings suggest that economic circumstances constrain fertility intentions and increase uncertainty. Although fertility intentions differ between men and women and by region, the broad mechanisms that predict intentions are very similar across groups for long-term intentions and uncertainty. However, group differences emerge in short-term intentions.
Immigrant-based Disparities in Mental Health Care Utilization
Authors: Bauldry Shawn , Szaflarski Magdalena
Published: July 2017

Studies of immigrant-based disparities in mental health care have been limited by small sample sizes and a lack of measures of different dimensions of acculturation. This study draws on the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions to address these limitations. Results indicate first-generation immigrants have lower rates of utilization for both mood and anxiety disorders. Nativity-based disparities in treatment are particularly notable among people from African and Hispanic origins, while there is little evidence of disparities among people from European origins. Of three dimensions of acculturation, only the identity dimension has a positive association with mental health care utilization.
Does Renewable Energy Development Decouple Economic Growth from CO2 Emissions?
Authors: York Richard , McGee Julius Alexander
Published: July 2017

We assess how renewable electricity production interacts with GDP per capita to influence CO2 emissions per capita, analyzing cross-national data from 1960 to 2012. We find an interaction effect between the quantity of renewables and GDP per capita, where, counterintuitively, economic growth is more closely tied to emissions in nations with a large share of their electricity from renewable sources and growth of renewable electricity has a smaller suppressive effect on emissions in more affluent nations. Additional analyses suggest that this relationship emerges because renewable energy sources tend to suppress nuclear energy in affluent nations, thereby unintentionally perpetuating reliance on fossil fuels.
Venus, Mars, and Math: Gender, Societal Affluence, and Eighth Graders’ Aspirations for STEM
Authors: Charles Maria
Published: July 2017

The author explores how the gender gap in aspirations for scientific, technical, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) work changes with societal affluence. Over-time data on cohorts of eighth graders in 32 countries reveal that aspirations for mathematically related work become more gender differentiated as societal affluence grows. This relationship holds controlling for students’ social class backgrounds, mathematical achievement, and affinity for school, and it is not explained by cross-national differences in the economic integration of women, gender stereotyping of science, or Internet access. Observed patterns of gender segregation reflect more than just women’s greater freedom to indulge tastes for non-STEM work in affluent societies; tastes are themselves more gendered in these contexts.
Women’s-Group Fishponds in Bangladesh
Authors: Scarborough William J. , Risman Barbara J. , Meola Catherine
Published: July 2017

In this article, the authors assess the impact of a fish polyculture program introduced through women-only groups on the gender asset gap among households in the Jessore District of Bangladesh. The analysis is framed using gender structure theory to examine the ways individual, interactional, and macro forces shape the asset gap as a key gender equity outcome. The authors find that participation in the fishpond program, as a mechanism at the macro dimension of the gender structure, was associated with an increase in the gender asset gap over time.
The Organizational Trace of an Insurgent Moment
Authors: Reich Adam D.
Published: July 2017

The relationship between social movements and formal organizations has long been a concern to scholars of collective action. Many have argued that social movement organizations (SMOs) provide resources that facilitate movement emergence, while others have highlighted the ways in which SMOs institutionalize or coopt movement goals. Through an examination of the relationship between Occupy Wall Street and the field of SMOs in New York City, this article illustrates a third possibility: that a moment of insurgency becomes a more enduring movement in part through the changes it induces in the relations among the SMOs in its orbit.
Men as Dependents? Marriage and Changes in Health Insurance Coverage among Working-age Adults in the United States, 1988 to 2008
Authors: Percheski Christine
Published: July 2017

Changes in marriage and employment patterns may have affected health insurance coverage rates differently for women and men. The author investigates changes in health insurance coverage between 1988 and 2008, focusing on employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) dependent and employee coverage. Using Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions and Current Population Survey data, the author finds that married men’s coverage as dependents increased from 1988 to 2008, but a smaller share of men were married in 2008. Coupled with declines in ESI employee coverage, changes in marriage increased men’s uninsurance rate. In contrast, marital changes for women were offset by their increased employment and insurance coverage as employees.
Rugged Meritocratists: The Role of Overt Bias and the Meritocratic Ideology in Trump Supporters’ Opposition to Social Justice Efforts
Authors: Cech Erin A.
Published: July 2017

Opposition to social justice efforts plays a key role in reproducing social inequalities in the United States. Focusing on supporters of Donald Trump as a possible exemplar of politically structured resistance to these efforts, the author asks whether and why Trump supporters are more likely than other Americans to oppose social justice efforts. Analysis of a proportionally representative, postelection survey ( n = 1,151) reveals that Trump supporters are indeed more opposed to social justice efforts. They also express greater overt race, class, and gender bias, yet this bias does not explain their opposition. Rather, many Trump supporters are “rugged meritocratists” who oppose these efforts because they believe U.S. society is already fair. To expand support for social justice efforts, rugged meritocratists must first be convinced that systemic inequalities still exist.
Isabel Archer and the Burdens of Centrality
Authors: Brogden Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

This article argues that the protagonist of Henry James's first work of psychological realism, The Portrait of a Lady (1881), has an oblique relationship to its plot. In this novel, James constructs Isabel's subjectivity (her feeling, apperception, and psychological depth) to the side of narrative events, and the exfoliations whose synthesis constitutes the effect of fictional consciousness produce, in this novel, a mind at odds with, or oddly aloof from, the events and relationships that are presumed to shape it. While James's contribution to the history of the novel has traditionally been construed in terms of his granular representations of individual persons and the lavish interiorization—indeed, veneration—of what he calls “centers of consciousness,” a phenomenology of a character who will have nothing do with its narrative enhances our understanding not only of Isabel Archer, The Portrait of a Lady, and the longer arc of James's career but of psychological transparency within the nineteenth-century novel more broadly and, especially, the arrangement of what Alex Woloch calls its “character-space.”
The status of the human embryo in various religions
Authors: Neaves William
Published: July 2017

Research into human development involves the use of human embryos and their derivative cells and tissues. How religions view the human embryo depends on beliefs about ensoulment and the inception of personhood, and science can neither prove nor refute the teaching of those religions that consider the zygote to be a human person with an immortal soul. This Spotlight article discusses some of the dominant themes that have emerged with regard to how different religions view the human embryo, with a focus on the Christian faith as well as Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish and Islamic perspectives.
Meeting report − Intercellular interactions in context: towards a mechanistic understanding of cells in organs
Authors: Bryant David , Johnson Aaron
Published: July 2017

The Company of Biologists held the workshop ‘Intercellular interactions in context: towards a mechanistic understanding of cells in organs’ at historic Wiston House in West Sussex, UK, 5−8 February 2017. The meeting brought together around 30 scientists from disparate backgrounds − yet with a common interest of how tissue morphogenesis occurs and its dysregulation leads to pathologies − to intensively discuss their latest research, the current state of the field, as well as any challenges for the future. This report summarises the concepts and challenges that arose as key questions for the fields of cell, cancer and developmental biology. By design of the organizers − Andrew Ewald (John Hopkins University, MA), John Wallingford (University of Texas at Austin, TX) and Peter Friedl (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) − the attendee makeup was cross-sectional: both in terms of career stage and scientific background. This intermingling was mirrored in the workshop format; all participants – irrespective of career stage − were given equal speaking and question time, and all early-career researchers also chaired a session, which promoted an atmosphere for discussions that were open, egalitarian and supportive. This was particularly evident in the scheduled ‘out-of-the-box’ sessions, which provided an avenue for participants to raise ideas and concepts or to discuss specific problems they wanted feedback or clarification on. In the following, rather than act as court reporters and convey chronological accounting of presentations, we present the questions that arose from the workshop and should be posed to the field at large, by discussing the presentations as they relate to these concepts.
Contested knowledge in Dutch climate change policy
Authors: Bekkers Victor , Buuren Arwin Van , Edwards Arthur , Fenger Menno
Published: July 2017

In dealing with wicked problems, policymakers increasingly are confronted with three competing ‘knowledge claims’: the notion of evidence-based policy, alternative ‘commons knowledge’ created by citizens, and ‘fact-free’ politics. Consequently, the knowledge base for dealing with wicked problems is becoming increasingly contested. This paper analyses the ways in which these three competing knowledge claims interact, and the consequences of their interaction, through a case study of the dynamics of knowledge claims in Dutch climate policy. The paper concludes that the quest for evidence-based policy may constitute an impediment to progress in finding common ground in practical policies.
Engendering Exhibitions: The Politics of Gender in Negotiating Curatorial Authorship
Authors: Buurman Nanne
Published: July 2017

Since the 1990s, a number of turns – such as the social, the discursive and the educational – have been observed in the curatorial field. Taking the increased interest in the relational dimensions of curating as a point of departure, this article investigates the gendering of exhibition making and the effects of gender scripts on conceptions of exhibition authorship, with a particular focus on the intersection of the educational and curatorial realms. After briefly sketching how practices and subject positions of curators and educators have been gendered and respectively denied or attributed authorship historically, I will consider not only the problem of the existing divisions of labour in the field but also the potentials and pitfalls of the educational turn in curating for renegotiating conceptions of authorship and authority under the conditions of cognitive capitalism, including what is known as the feminization of labour.
Physiognomic typage and the construction of the archetypal Weimar-Era Hausfrau in Georg Wilhelm Pabst’s Abwege/The Devious Path
Authors: Huber Stephanie Lebas
Published: July 2017

Georg Wilhelm Pabst’s 1928 film Abwege/The Devious Path underscores psycho-sexual tensions prevalent in the social climate of 1920s Germany and Austria. Under Pabst’s direction, the actors in The Devious Path exaggerated their performances to amplify reality, playing to self-conscious character archetypes, such as the sexually frustrated bourgeois hausfrau. Pabst’s interest in physical types also echoes the early twentieth-century revival of physiognomy in the German-speaking world, wherein ethnic and class-based characteristics were increasingly categorized according to a taxonomic system. His use of physiognomy can be said to resemble Soviet typage due to his focus on pure physical appearance. However, unlike Eisenstein, Pabst cast well-known actors and actresses, such as Brigitte Helm who had starred in the film Metropolis the previous year. Helm’s exaggerated expressions and bodily contortions bring to life the archetype of the irrational hausfrau oscillating between lust and remorse. Her portrayal provides commentary on the emergence of the New Woman in the German-speaking world of the 1920s, but also suggests a satirical critique of bourgeois society’s complex, and perhaps hypocritical, relationship with the club-going subculture that existed in Weimar culture at that time.
Moving pictures: Intersections between art, film and feminism in the 1970s
Authors: Tobin Amy
Published: July 2017

This article traces the intersections and overlaps between women working in art, avant-garde film and cinema in the 1970s. I argue that the context of second-wave feminism connected individuals working in diverse practices through shared interrogations of form and content as well as the interdisciplinary infrastructure of the women’s movement. However, I also consider the impact of different contexts, communities and media on artwork, film and video by women artists to trace a complex field of political aesthetic practices influenced by feminism. My overarching argument is that collaboration, broadly conceived, provides a way to think through the formation of this alternative cultural scene.
The difference in figuring women now
Authors: Cowie Elizabeth
Published: July 2017

This article explores the feminism of contemporary women’s film, video and installation art through an analysis of the documentary evidential and the imagined in works by Emma Hart, Hala Elkoussy and Sarah Turner. These works are not about feminist issues as such, but each figures a woman, or women, in ways that, I argue, engage questions of sexual difference. I draw on Jacques Rancière’s characterization of politics to understand feminism as a politics of sexual difference, but also an ethics in relation to living, that is, as being and doing as a woman. At the same time, feminism is an aesthetic project in relation to the understanding of, and intervening in, the representation of woman and her imagining, her difference, so what is involved here, as well, is the politics of aesthetics. In examining the feminist politics of aesthetics, this article also considers how art engages us cognitively as affect as well as the thought, and asks the question: how should we think the affectual?
Trips, crossings, trudges: A reappraisal of Agnes Martin’s Gabriel
Authors: Burgon Ruth
Published: July 2017

Agnes Martin’s 1976 film Gabriel is frequently dismissed as an anomaly in the artist’s oeuvre, and thus has not to date received sustained scholarly attention. Certain difficulties arise in categorizing Gabriel within genres of experimental film, and even within Martin’s own practice. This article aims to reopen the debate around the film, especially in light of its recent restoration by the Museum of Modern Art and Pace Gallery. I seek to reassess the film within the wider context of experimental film of the era, as well as explore the dialogue Gabriel holds with Martin’s paintings. I argue that Martin uses the film to create a mode of vision grounded in the body, demanding a durational viewing that in turn allows us to look at the paintings anew. Using the work of French feminist writers I trace a kind of écriture féminine in Gabriel, as Martin cuts a path between the dominant modes of expression of an era largely occupied by male film-makers.
Brazil, soft power and film culture
Authors: Dennison Stephanie , Meleiro Alessandra
Published: July 2017

This article takes as its starting point what we define as Brazil’s soft-power halcyon days (around 2009), as the nation seems set to maximize a range of opportunities (the upcoming World Cup and Olympics, for example) to take on a more significant role in global politics. It assesses the potential contribution of cinema to the Brazilian soft-power narrative, focusing on film policy, support for the dissemination of Brazilian films abroad and the place of film production within Brazil’s soft-power vision. It then discusses two films – Lula: Filho do Brasil (Lula: Son of Brazil, Barreto, 2009) and Aquarius (Mendonça Filho, 2016) – and the extent to which they trouble the very notion of film as a soft-power asset in Brazil. It concludes by commenting on more recent events in Brazil, and their likely effect on both the nation as a soft-power powerhouse and on film production in the country more broadly.
miRNA-223 suppresses FOXO1 and functions as a potential tumor marker in breast cancer
Authors: Wei Y-T. , Guo D-W. , Hou X-Z. , Jiang D-Q.
Published: July 2017

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and a leading cause of cancer mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play a key role in proliferation, metastasis and invasion of cancer. In previous study, we found that miRNA-223 was significant expression inexosome derived from peripheral blood serum of breast cancer patients than in samples from control subjects, Therefor,the role ofmiRNA-223willbe researched in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.In this study, to explore the role of miRNA-223in influencing cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion of breast cancer, TargetScan tools (http://www.targetscan.org/vert_71/) was used to scan target genes of miRNA-223, and thenmiRNA expression, real time PCR, Western blotting andluciferase report assay were used to test regulates relationship of miRNA-223and its targets,cell viability and BrdU analysiswere used to test cell proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells after expression miRNA-223inhibitor. Scanning targets of miRNA-223found FOXO1 was listed in targets content, and luciferase reporter assay was used to assess and confirm the binding sequence of 3"²untranslated region between FOXO1 and miRNA-223. Results showedthat miRNA-223inhibitorexpression increased protein expression level of FOXO1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells,meanwhile, cell viability and BrdU analysis showed MCF-7 breast cancer cells were suppressed proliferation after up-regulation of FOXO1.In conclusion, we demonstrated that the miRNA-223can maintain cell proliferation of breast cancer cell through targeting FOXO 1, these results provide a new insight in tumor marker and potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
A pilot study for determination of anxiety related SLC6A4 promoter "S" and "L" alleles in healthy Turkish athletes
Authors: Corak A. , Kapici S. , Sercan C. , Akkoç O. , Ulucan K.
Published: July 2017

We aimed to analyze the allelic distribution of solute carrier family-6 member-4 promoter region in Turkish athletes. Recent studies showed the association of lesser expressing "S" allele with anxiety. Genotype percentages for LL, LS and SS genotypes were found as 46, 35 and 19, respectively. 38% of the males had LL, %38 had LS and 24% had SS genotypes. Percentages of LL, LS and SS genotypes were 54, 31 and 15 in females, respectively. 15 (58%) male and 18 (69%) females had L, 11 (42%) male and 8 (31%) females had S alleles. Variations in the association of the SLC6A4 alleles with neuropsychiatric disorders according to different nationalities have been reported. This is the first report showing that LL genotype and L allele in Turkish athletes was more frequent than SS genotype and S allele.
Preparation and properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxylapatite (HA) hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Yuan F. , Ma M. , Lu L. , Pan Z. , Zhou W. , Cai J. , Luo S. , Zeng W. , Yin F.
Published: July 2017

A novel bioactive hydrogel for cartilage tissue based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxylapatite (HA) were prepared, the effects of its component contents on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the hydrogel were investigated. The important properties of the scaffold composites, such as density, porosity, compressive modulus and microstructure were studied and analyzed through various measurements and methods. The biodegradability of hydrogel was evaluated by soaking the samples into artificial degradation solution at body temperature (36 - 37 oC) in vitro. Experimental results showed that the PVA/HA hydrogels had a density of 0.572 - 0.683 g/cm3, a porosity of 63.25 - 96.14% and a compressive modulus of 5.62 - 8.24 MP. The HA compound in the hydrogels enhanced the biodegradation significantly and linearly increased the rate of biodegradation by 2.3 - 8.5 %. The compressive modulus of PVA/HA exhibited a linear reduce to 0.86 - 1.53 MP with the time of degradation. The scaffold composites PVA/HA possess a high porosity, decent compressive modulus and good biodegradability. After further optimizing the structure and properties, this composite might be considered as novel hydrogel biomaterials to be applied in the field of cartilage tissue engineering.
Vitamin D metabolism in human adipose tissue: could it explain low vitamin D status in obesity?
Authors: Cordeiro Adryana , Santos Alejandro , Bernardes Miguel , Ramalho Andrea , Martins Maria João
Published: July 2017

Obesity and a low vitamin D (VD) status, as well as a positive association between them, are prevalent worldwide. Additionally, a low VD status has been positively correlated with metabolic dysfunction (although not so convincingly as for obesity). The VD receptor (VDR) mediates VD biological actions in adipose tissue (AT), where VD can be activated or inactivated/degraded through specific hydroxylation steps. Additionally, AT can also store and release VD when needed. A lower VD activation/VD inactivation ratio and an impaired VDR signaling in AT could contribute to metabolic dysfunction besides the aforementioned association between obesity and VD status. However, subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral AT (VAT) are not expected to be similarly accountable as these two fat depots play differential roles in metabolic regulation/dysfunction. To our knowledge, only three articles disclose the evaluation of the expression of VDR and/or VD hydroxylating enzymes in human SAT and VAT. A clear dependence on the subcutaneous and/or the visceral fat depot is missing for the relationships of a) obesity and/or metabolic dysfunction with VD status and b) adipose VDR signaling and adipose VD activation/VD inactivation ratio with VD status, obesity and/or metabolic dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to unravel the influence of adipose VD metabolism on VD status.
Proposed model for the cultural adaptation of an Internet-based depression prevention intervention (CATCH-IT) for Arab adolescents
Authors: Abuwalla Zach , Kadhem Zaynab , Gladstone Tracy , Mikhael Ereny , Bishay Amir , Van Voorhees Benjamin W.
Published: July 2017

Background

Evidence-based Internet depression prevention intervention programs are not readily available for Arab youth, but may be effective in this group. Cultural adaptation of evidence-based Western psychotherapy is an important step toward better prevention and treatment of depressive illness in the Arab community. Project CATCH-IT is an Internet-based depression prevention intervention tool that is tailored for adolescents and young adults.

Methods

The PEN-3 theoretical framework was used for the cultural adaptation of Project CATCH-IT for Arab adolescents. First, a narrative review of existing research about depression in Arab nations was performed. Next, expert opinions about applicability and societal values were obtained. This model was then used to suggest relevant changes to the CATCH-IT modules. These modifications were applied to create sample webpages from the culturally adapted version of CATCH-IT for Arab youth.

Results

The narrative review, expert opinions and resultant PEN-3 analysis suggest that Internet-based depression interventions are effective, private and confidential. To be most effective, religious leaders and fathers should be the stakeholders approached for dissemination and adequate usage of the service. Arab themes, quotes, language and relevant stories must be incorporated.

Conclusion

This study sets the background for future studies and research for implementation of the Arabic version of CATCH-IT for the prevention of depression. Using the contextual information provided in this paper to make the necessary changes, huge strides can be made in providing cost-effective and accessible Internet-based interventions to Arab youth.
Brauer characters and fields of values
Authors: Rossi Dan
Published: July 2017

For a prime number p and a finite group G, we consider the set of p-Brauer characters of G taking values in some field

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

(called

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

-Brauer characters) and the set of conjugacy classes of p-regular elements of G whose value at every Brauer character lies in

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

(called

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

-conjugacy classes). We show that these sets for G and for

G
/
N

{G/N}

are closely related, for certain normal subgroups N of G. This is a p-modular version of a result of Isaacs and Navarro in characteristic 0 (see [3]).
Effects of Cardiovascular Fitness and Body Composition on Maximal Core Temperature in Collegiate Football Players During Preseason
Authors: McClelland JoAnna M. , Godek Sandra F. , Chlad Pamela S. , Feairheller Deborah L. , Morrison Katherine E.
Published: July 2017

McClelland, JM, Godek, SF, Chlad, PS, Feairheller, DL, and Morrison, KE. Effects of cardiovascular fitness and body composition on maximal core temperature in collegiate football players during preseason. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1662–1670, 2018—This study evaluated the effects of body mass index (BMI) and aerobic fitness (V̇o
2max) on maximal core temperature values (Tcmax) in 17 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III football players during preseason. The subjects included 9 backs (BKs) and 8 linemen (LM). V̇o
2max testing was performed 1 week before preseason. Core temperature was monitored by ingestible sensor every 10 minutes during practices on day 4 (D1), day 5 (D2), day 7 (D3), and postacclimatization on day 14 (D4). Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was recorded on each collection day. Independent, paired t-tests and Pearson's correlations were performed (α = 0.05). There were no significant correlations between V̇o
2max and Tcmax on D1 (WBGT = 29.07° C) or D2 (WBGT = 30.93° C), but on D3 (WBGT = 31.39° C) there was a nonsignificant moderate negative correlation (r = −0.564, p = 0.090). There were no significant correlations between BMI and Tcmax on D1 or D2, but on D3 there was a nonsignificant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.596, p = 0.069). Paired t-tests revealed that overall Tcmax (D1–3) (38.56 ± 0.32° C) was statistically higher (p = 0.002) than D4 (38.16 ± 0.30° C). Independent t-tests between groups showed that the Tcmax values during preacclimatization (D1–D3) were significantly higher in LM (38.50 ± 0.37° C) than BKs (38.16 ± 0.35° C) (p = 0.007). V̇o
2max was significantly lower (p = 0.006) in LM (36.89 ± 6.40 ml·kg−1·min−1) than BKs (47.44 ± 7.09 ml·kg−1·min−1), and BMI was significantly higher (p = 0.019) in LM (35.59 ± 4.00 kg·m−2) than BKs (28.68 ± 3.38 kg·m−2). The results of this study demonstrate that LM are significantly less fit than BKs and have a greater BMI. When WBGT was the highest on D3, the results suggest that those with lower V̇o
2max and higher BMI experienced a higher Tcmax.
Importance of Physical Qualities for Speed and Change of Direction Ability in Elite Female Soccer Players
Authors: Emmonds Stacey , Nicholson Gareth , Begg Clive , Jones Ben , Bissas Athanassios
Published: July 2017

Emmonds, S, Nicholson, G, Beggs, C, Jones, B, and Bissas, A. Importance of physical qualities for speed and change of direction ability in elite female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1670–1678, 2019—The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of physical qualities for speed and change of direction (CoD) ability in female soccer players. Data were collected on 10 female soccer players who were part of a professional English Women's Super League team. Player assessments included anthropometric (stature and body mass), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), speed (10-m and 20-m sprints), CoD ability (505 agility), aerobic (Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test), lower-body strength (bilateral knee extensions), and power (countermovement jump [CMJ], squat jump [SJ], 30-cm drop jump [DJ]) measures. The relationships between the variables were evaluated using eigenvector analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression revealed that the performance variables (10 and 20 m speed, mean 505, and CoD deficit mean) can be predicted with almost 100% accuracy (i.e., adjusted R
2 > 0.999) using various combinations of the predictor variables (DJ height, CMJ height, SJ height, and lean body mass). An increase of 1 SD in DJ height was associated with reductions of −5.636 and −9.082 SD in 10-m and 20-m sprint times. One SD increase in CMJ also results in a reduction of −3.317 and −0.922 SD, respectively, in mean 505 and CoD deficit mean values. This study provides comparative data for professional English female soccer players that can be used by strength and conditioning coaches when monitoring player development and assessing the effectiveness of training programs. Findings highlight the importance of developing reactive strength to improve speed and CoD ability in female soccer players.
Somatotype and Body Composition in Young Soccer Players According to the Playing Position and Sport Success
Authors: Cárdenas-Fernández Víctor , Chinchilla-Minguet José Luis , Castillo-Rodríguez Alfonso
Published: July 2017

Cárdenas-Fernández, V, Chinchilla-Minguet, JL, and Castillo-Rodríguez, A. Somatotype and body composition in young soccer players according to the playing position and sport success. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1904–1911, 2019—Soccer players undergo an evolution in their body composition throughout the growth and passage through the different base stages, that is, childhood, puberty, and adolescence. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology and body composition of U14, U16, and U19 soccer players, taking into account in addition, their sport success endorsed through the regularity participation and their relation with the different playing positions occupied during competition (goalkeeper, external defender, central defender, midfielder, and forward/extreme). For that, a total of 174 male young soccer players were evaluated anthropometrically. Dominant somatotype of the players was, according to their playing position, meso-endomorphic in goalkeepers, central for external defenders, balanced ectomorph in central defenders, balanced mesomorph in the case of midfielders, and meso-ectomorph in forwards/extremes. Taking into account that sport performance is directly mediated by the body composition of athletes, the differences found suggest a marked specialization between the goalkeepers and forwards, establishing significant differences between them. Further studies would be needed to evaluate the influence of individual maturation development vs. sports training on the conformation of a certain anthropometric profile of a soccer player and its relation with the different playing positions occupied on the pitch during the game.
Exploring Game Dynamics in Padel: Implications for Assessment and Training
Authors: Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Sánchez-Alcaraz Martinez Bernardino J. , Muñoz Marín Diego
Published: July 2017

Courel-Ibáñez, J, Sánchez-Alcaraz Martinez, BJ, and Muñoz Marín, D. Exploring game dynamics in padel: implications for assessment and training. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1971–1977, 2019—A better understanding of in-game competition demands potentially improved coaching strategy and quality. However, there is very limited information about game patterns in padel, a very modern racket sport born in the 70s. The purpose of this study was therefore to quantify and classify game dynamics during the match in professional padel players through a multivariate decision tree approach including technical, spatial, and effectiveness indicators. The results determined 3 main game styles strongly defined by the court zone (net, middle, and baseline). In addition, particular technical, spatial, and effectiveness indicators were identified in each zone. In net and middle areas (offense) stood the use of volleys and overhead strokes on the center lane to both keep a positional advantage and solve the point. Conversely in the baseline (defense), the use of corner side walls and the domain of lobs showed to be relevant. The high rate of backhand groundstrokes, involving over 4 of 10 actions, is also remarkable. This information may have relevant implications for coaches working in padel by providing a novel hierarchically organization of game dynamics, which helps in designing training and conditioning programs close to real competitive situations.
Action Potential Dynamics in Fine Axons Probed with an Axonally Targeted Optical Voltage Sensor
Authors: Ma Yihe , Bayguinov Peter O. , Jackson Meyer B.
Published: July 2017

The complex and malleable conduction properties of axons determine how action potentials propagate through extensive axonal arbors to reach synaptic terminals. The excitability of axonal membranes plays a major role in neural circuit function, but because most axons are too thin for conventional electrical recording, their properties remain largely unexplored. To overcome this obstacle, we used a genetically encoded hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS) harboring an axonal targeting motif. Expressing this probe in transgenic mice enabled us to monitor voltage changes optically in two populations of axons in hippocampal slices, the large axons of dentate granule cells (mossy fibers) in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 region and the much finer axons of hilar mossy cells in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Action potentials propagated with distinct velocities in each type of axon. Repetitive firing broadened action potentials in both populations, but at an intermediate frequency the degree of broadening differed. Repetitive firing also attenuated action potential amplitudes in both mossy cell and granule cell axons. These results indicate that the features of use-dependent action potential broadening, and possible failure, observed previously in large nerve terminals also appear in much finer unmyelinated axons. Subtle differences in the frequency dependences could influence the propagation of activity through different pathways to excite different populations of neurons. The axonally targeted hVOS probe used here opens up the diverse repertoire of neuronal processes to detailed biophysical study.
Metabolic phenotype in the mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Boraschi-Diaz Iris , Tauer Josephine T , El-Rifai Omar , Guillemette Delphine , Lefebvre Geneviève , Rauch Frank , Ferron Mathieu , Komarova Svetlana V
Published: July 2017

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common heritable bone fragility disorder, usually caused by dominant mutations in genes coding for collagen type I alpha chains,COL1A1orCOL1A2. Osteocalcin (OCN) is now recognized as a bone-derived regulator of insulin secretion and sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Since OI is associated with increased rates of bone formation and resorption, we hypothesized that the levels of undercarboxylated OCN are increased in OI. The objective of this study was to determine changes in OCN and to elucidate the metabolic phenotype in the Col1a1Jrt/+mouse, a model of dominant OI caused by aCol1a1mutation. Circulating levels of undercarboxylated OCN were higher in 4-week-old OI mice and normal by 8 weeks of age. Young OI animals exhibited a sex-dependent metabolic phenotype, including increased insulin levels in males, improved glucose tolerance in females, lower levels of random glucose and low adiposity in both sexes. The rates of O2consumption and CO2production, as well as energy expenditure assessed using indirect calorimetry were significantly increased in OI animals of both sexes, whereas respiratory exchange ratio was significantly higher in OI males only. Although OI mice have significant physical impairment that may contribute to metabolic differences, we specifically accounted for movement and compared OI and WT animals during the periods of similar activity levels. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that OI animals have alterations in whole body energy metabolism that are consistent with the action of undercarboxylated osteocalcin.
Regulation of Small Mitochondrial DNA Replicative Advantage by Ribonucleotide Reductase inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bradshaw Elliot , Yoshida Minoru , Ling Feng
Published: July 2017

Small mitochondrial genomes can behave as selfish elements by displacing wild-type genomes regardless of their detriment to the host organism. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, small hypersuppressive mtDNA transiently coexist with wild-type in a state of heteroplasmy, wherein the replicative advantage of the small mtDNA outcompetes wild-type and produces offspring without respiratory capacity in >95% of colonies. The cytosolic enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis and its inhibition has been correlated with increased petite colony formation, reflecting loss of respiratory function. Here, we used heteroplasmic diploids containing wild-type (rho+) and suppressive (rho−) or hypersuppressive (HS rho−) mitochondrial genomes to explore the effects of RNR activity on mtDNA heteroplasmy in offspring. We found that the proportion of rho+ offspring was significantly increased by RNR overexpression or deletion of its inhibitor, SML1, while reducing RNR activity via SML1 overexpression produced the opposite effects. In addition, using Ex Taq and KOD Dash polymerases, we observed a replicative advantage for small over large template DNA in vitro, but only at low dNTP concentrations. These results suggest that dNTP insufficiency contributes to the replicative advantage of small mtDNA over wild-type and cytosolic dNTP synthesis by RNR is an important regulator of heteroplasmy involving small mtDNA molecules in yeast.
Father Loss and Child Telomere Length
Authors: Mitchell Colter , McLanahan Sara , Schneper Lisa , Garfinkel Irv , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne , Notterman Daniel
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Father loss during childhood has negative health and behavioral consequences, but the biological consequences are unknown. Our goal was to examine how father loss (because of separation and/or divorce, death, or incarceration) is associated with cellular function as estimated by telomere length.

METHODS:

Data come from the 9-year follow-up of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort study of children in 20 large American cities (N = 2420). Principal measures are as follows: salivary telomere length (sTL), mother reports of father loss, and polymorphisms in genes related to serotonergic and dopaminergic signaling.

RESULTS:

At 9 years of age, children with father loss have significantly shorter telomeres (14% reduction). Paternal death has the largest association (16%), followed by incarceration (10%), and separation and/or divorce (6%). Changes in income partially mediate these associations (95% mediation for separation and/or divorce, 30% for incarceration, and 25% for death). Effects are 40% greater for boys and 90% greater for children with the most reactive alleles of the serotonin transporter genes when compared with those with the least reactive alleles. No differences were found by age at father loss or a child’s race/ethnicity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Father loss has a significant association with children’s sTL, with the death of a father showing the largest effect. Income loss explains most of the association between child sTL and separation and/or divorce but much less of the association with incarceration or death. This underscores the important role of fathers in the care and development of children and supplements evidence of the strong negative effects of parental incarceration.
Formação inicial de professores de matemática do Curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia: estudos e reflexões
Authors: Utsumi Luciana Miyuki Sado
Published: July 2017

O presente texto se propõe a articular estudos e reflexões acerca da formação inicial dos professores de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental (anos iniciais), no curso de licenciatura em Pedagogia. Tais fundamentos foram sistematizados na pesquisa realizada em torno das necessidades formativas do docente formador, o qual deve articular a discussão sobre o ensino dos conteúdos matemáticos, assim como sobre as abordagens metodológicas no ensino da Matemática, ao considerar a necessidade da intersecção entre conteúdos matemáticos específicos e questões didático-pedagógicas. A investigação referida realizou uma revisão da literatura sobre o histórico do ensino da Matemática e da didática para o Ensino Fundamental, em interface com a formação de professores. A pesquisa de campo previu a coleta de dados por meio da aplicação de questionário e realização de entrevistas, tendo como referência Szymanski (2002, 2004) e Franco (2003) para a análise dos dados. De maneira a contemplar os diferentes olhares e perspectivas que dialogam com a questão da formação de professores de Matemática, em especial, a formação de professores que ensinam Matemática nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, a discussão dos dados ancorou-se nos referenciais teóricos de autores da Educação e da Educação Matemática. Os resultados indicam que os professores em formação e em atuação licenciados em Matemática igualmente necessitam aprofundar o domínio dos conteúdos matemáticos de ensino; que tanto os alunos dos cursos de graduação em Pedagogia como dos cursos de graduação em Matemática anunciam suas lacunas formativas em termos da necessidade de maior acesso e conhecimento das abordagens metodológicas pautadas nas tendências atuais da didática da Matemática. Nesse sentido, a análise dos dados da pesquisa confirma a necessidade de se considerar a tão proclamada indissociabilidade entre conteúdo e forma na formação de professores de Matemática do curso de graduação em Pedagogia e, em decorrência disso, a necessária busca incessante de formação Matemática continuada por parte do formador de professores deste curso, com base e a partir de suas necessidades formativas próprias, a fim de possibilitar a progressiva e desejada democratização do acesso ao saber matemático por parte dos alunos e alunas dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental.
USO DA ARGILA CHOCOLATE COMO ALTERNATIVA NO TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES DE REFINARIAS DE PETRÓLEO
Authors: Albuquerque Natália Porfírio , Muniz Ana Cristina Silva , Brito André Luiz Fiquene
Published: July 2017

Contando com uma produção média de 2 milhões e 799 mil barris de óleo por dia (bpd), o Brasil conta com 15 refinarias petróleo. Contudo, as refinarias têm forte impacto poluidor. Utilizam-se aproximadamente 246 a 340 litros de água por barril de petróleo cru, que serão responsáveis por 0,4 a 1,6 vezes de águas residuais em relação ao volume de óleo processado. As águas residuais têm como característica a presença de gases odorantes, destacando-se, o sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S). O H2S é considerado como principal substância geradora de odor, pois proporciona incomodo já em baixas concentrações (0,00047 ppm). Portanto, a presente pesquisa buscou avaliar o tratamento de efluentes de refinarias de petróleo com teor de H2S por aeração, com e sem a presença da argila, buscando comparar o desempenho da mesma como adsorvente. Para isso montou-se um sistema piloto composto por 6 reatores, e utilizou-se a argila Chocolate em três deles. A concentração de H2S foi determinada por um detector multigases e por iodometria. Usou-se o planejamento experimental fatorial 2x2, onde foram estudados dois fatores: presença/ausência de argila, e o método utilizado. Para comprovar a significância dos resultados, realizou-se a análise de variância (ANOVA), com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que há diferença significativa entre o tratamento com e sem argila, como também entre os métodos utilizados. Constatou-se que os melhores resultados encontrados foram os que utilizaram a argila como adsorvente. A partir disso, obteve-se uma resposta otimizada do teor de H2S, de 8,1667 ppm.