bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent dormant resident progenitors are stimulated by injury to regenerate Purkinje neurons
Authors: Bayin N Sumru , Wojcinski Alexandre , Mourton Aurelien , Saito Hiromitsu , Suzuki Noboru , Joyner Alexandra L
Published: August 2018

Outside of the neurogenic niches of the brain, postmitotic neurons have not been found to undergo efficient regeneration. We demonstrate that mouse Purkinje cells (PCs), which are born at midgestation and are crucial for development and function of cerebellar circuits, are rapidly and fully regenerated following their ablation at birth. New PCs are produced from immature FOXP2+ Purkinje cell precursors (iPCs) that are able to enter the cell cycle and support normal cerebellum development. The number of iPCs and their regenerative capacity, however, diminish soon after birth and consequently PCs are poorly replenished when ablated at postnatal day five. Nevertheless, the PC-depleted cerebella reach a normal size by increasing cell size, but scaling of neuron types is disrupted and cerebellar function is impaired. Our findings provide a new paradigm in the field of neuron regeneration by identifying a population of immature neurons that buffers against perinatal brain injury in a stage-dependent process.
ДИЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА И ПРОВОДИМОСТЬ КРИСТАЛЛОВ (1-X)TLGASE2?XTM, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Мустафаева С.Н. , Асадов С.М. , Керимова Э.М.
Published: August 2018

Синтезированы образцы на основе слоистого TlGaSe2, содержащие тулий: (1-x)TlGaSe2 xTm, с х=0.001, 0.005, 0.01 и 0.02. Из полученных поликристаллических образцов методом Бриджмена выращены кристаллы соответствующих составов. Состав образцов (1-x)TlGaSe2 xTm определен методом рентгенофазового анализа. Изучены диэлектрические свойства образцов в переменных электрических полях с частотой f=5 104-3.5 107 Гц. Установлены релаксационный характер диэлектрической проницаемости, природа диэлектрических потерь, а также прыжковый механизм переноса заряда в образцах (1-x)TlGaSe2 xTm. Показано, что с увеличением концентрации тулия среднее расстояние и время прыжков носителей заряда уменьшаются, а проводимость на переменном токе и плотность локализованных состояний вблизи уровня Ферми увеличиваются.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ МИКРОСТРУКТУРЫ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ МЕМБРАННОГО СПЛАВА V85NI15 В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СПОСОБОВ ОБРАБОТКИ, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Сипатов И.С. , Сидоров Н.И. , Петрова С.А. , Шубин А.Б. , Пастухов Э. А. , Фетисов А.В. , Есин А.А. , Востряков А.А.
Published: August 2018

В качестве альтернативы палладиевым сплавам, фильтрующим водород, рассматриваются сплавы с ОЦК-структурой на основе ванадия. Так как на производительность мембран, помимо объемных характеристик, влияет и состояние их поверхности, методом рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии изучено влияние на микроструктуру поверхности мембранного сплава V85Ni15 различных способов обработки: механической шлифовки-полировки, электролитической полировки и ионного травления. После электролитической и ионной обработки наблюдали увеличение доли металлических ванадия и никеля в приповерхностных слоях образца по сравнению с состоянием после механической полировки. Такое изменение должно способствовать повышению скорости диссоциации и рекомбинации водорода на поверхности мембранного материала и, в конечном итоге, способствовать эффективности переноса водорода.
ОБМЕННЫЕ СПИНОВЫЕ ВОЛНЫ В?НЕОДНОРОДНЫХ ПЛЕНКАХ ФЕРРОШПИНЕЛЕЙ, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Великанова Ю. В. , Виноградова М. Р. , Митлина Л. А. , Мелешко Н. В.
Published: August 2018

В монокристаллических пленках марганцевых феррошпинелей рассмотрено влияние динамического закрепления спинов на межслойной границе на распространение спиновых волн при нормальном намагничивании. Рассчитаны волновые числа обменных спиновых волн, параметры затухания, параметры неоднородного обмена и эффективные массы магнонов. Обнаружено влияние толщины слоя закрепления спинов на ширину линии спин-волновых мод. Показано, что в конкуренции с магнитокристаллической анизотропией существенную роль играет «поверхностная анизотропия» для пленок различного химического состава и разных технологических режимов получении методом химического транспорта.
СИНТЕЗ И СВОЙСТВА ФАЗ В СИСТЕМАХ PBO-CUO (NIO)-NB2O5, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Подкорытов А.Л. , Тимофеев А.Л. , Шевякова И. А. , Мальцева В. О. , Штин С.А. , Заболотских Н. Н.
Published: August 2018

Работа посвящена твердофазному синтезу, аттестации и исследованию физико-химических свойств твердых растворов Pb4-xMxNb2O9 (M=Cu, Ni; х=0-1.0). Установлены границы существования твердых растворов. С помощью фактора толерантности и относительной электроотрицательности атомов в А- и В-позициях (А4В2О9) установлены фазовые поля существования твердых растворов с перовскитоподобной структурой. Полученные образцы аттестованы методом рентгенофазового анализа. Определен гранулометрический состав порошкообразных образцов, измерены температурные зависимости электропроводности. Исследованы основные электрохимические характеристики ионоселективных электродов с твердым контактом, сконструированных на основе исследуемых образцов: область линейности и крутизна основной электродной функции, рабочая область pH и время отклика.
ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ СТЕКЛОВАНИЯ И ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ СТЕКОЛ (1-X)(0.75TEO2-0.25WO3)+XLA2O3, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Кутьин А.М. , Плехович А.Д. , Балуева К. В. , Дорофеев В.В.
Published: August 2018

Методом динамической калориметрии в области 320-1000 К изучены температурные зависимости теплоемкости трех образцов высокочистых теллуритных стекол (1-x)(0.75TeO2-0.25WO3)+xLa2O3 с x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06. По полученным экспериментальным данным о характеристиках расстеклования и теплоемкости рассчитаны стандартные термодинамические функции: (Т), энтальпия, энтропия и энергия Гиббса в стеклообразном и переохлажденном жидком состояниях. Установлено модельно-­параметрическое подобие свойств в рамках статистического подхода, определены корреляционные зависимости параметров от состава, позволяющие предсказать термодинамические функции неизу­ченных стекол данной серии. Определены кристаллизационно-устойчивые составы стекол (1-x)(0.75TeO2-0.25WO3)+xLa2O3 в качестве основы для разработки оптически активных элементов.
О ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ УРАВНЕНИЙ ТОЗМ И РЕШЕТОЧНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ПРИ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАХ ВЫШЕ КРИТИЧЕСКИХ ДЛЯ АДСОРБТИВОВ, "Физикохимия поверхности и защита материалов"
Authors: Фоменков П.Е. , Гумеров М.Р. , Толмачев А.М.
Published: August 2018

На основании молекулярно-динамических расчетов подтверждена возможность применения уравнений теории объемного заполнения микропор и решеточной модели для описания изотерм адсорбции на активных углях в широком интервале температур ниже и выше критических.
ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЯ АКТИВНЫХ УГЛЕЙ КИСЛОРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИМИ СОЕДИНЕНИЯМИ МАРГАНЦА, "Физикохимия поверхности и защита материалов"
Authors: Иванец А.И. , Настас Р. И. , Кузнецова Т.Ф. , Азарова Т. А. , Постолаки Л. В. , Гынсарь И. Н. , Воронец Е. А. , Русу В. И. , Лупашку Т. Г.
Published: August 2018

Композитные материалы, полученные путем импрегнирования активных углей водными растворами хлорида марганца(II), исследованы методами газовой адсорбции, порошковой рентгенографии, атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии, энергодисперсионной рентгеновской спектроскопии и сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Установлено изменение текстуры и удельных характеристик пористости, микроструктуры и состава полученных композитов в зависимости от кислотной или основной природы поверхности исходных углей, условий пропитки, последующей обработки и температуры прокаливания. Показано, что при импрегнировании “кислотных” углей общий объем пор в 8-11 раз перекрывает объем микропор в отличие от “основных” образцов с их дву- или трехкратным превышением. У “кислотных” углей значения удельной поверхности по БЭТ превосходят аналогичные значения у образцов с основной природой поверхности. Доказано, что полученные композиты содержат марганец в различных оксидных соединениях, представленных рамсделлитом, гаусманитом, манганозитом, биксбиитом и партриджеитом в концентрациях 23-48 масс.%.
ИОННЫЙ АССОЦИАТ МОЛИБДЕН(VI)-ГАЛЛЕИН-ДИМЕДРОЛ И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЛЯ ЭКСТРАКЦИОННО- ФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДИМЕДРОЛА, "Журнал аналитической химии"
Authors: Мирзаева Х. А. , Гамзаева У. Г.
Published: August 2018

Определены оптимальные условия образования и экстракции малорастворимого ионного ассоциата димедрола с анионным комплексом молибден-галлеин. Установлено, что тройной комплекс экстрагируется бутанолом при рН 4-7. При этом в присутствии димедрола углубляется интенсивность окраски, что проявляется в спектрах поглощения в виде гиперхромного и батохромного смещения. Определены некоторые физико-химические характеристики комплекса, изучена специфичность реакции к димедролу, предложена вероятная схема комплексообразования. Установлено, что комплекс молибден-галлеин-димедрол образуется при соотношении компонентов 1 : 2 : 2. Разработана методика экстракционно-спектрофотометрического определения димедрола в растворах для инъекций и таблетках (sr = 0.015-0.020). Диапазон линейности градуировочного графика 0.02-0.20 мг/мл.
ПРОФЕССОР А. А. ЖУХОВИЦКИЙ И ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ХРОМАТОГРАФИЯ, "Журнал аналитической химии"
Authors: Ревельский И. А. , Яновский С. М.
Published: August 2018

Кратко изложены основные результаты исследований А.А. Жуховицкого в области хроматографии. Наибольшее внимание уделено разработке новых вариантов хроматографии: хроматермографии, хроматографии без газа-носителя, хромареографии, хромадистилляции и др.
ОБЩИЕ УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ В ОСНОВЕ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ И ЭВОЛЮЦИИ МНОГОКЛЕТОЧНЫХ ЭУКАРИОТ, "Успехи физиологических наук"
Authors: Мустафин Р. Н. , Хуснутдинова Э. К.
Published: August 2018

В обзоре описаны ключевые защитные механизмы, первоначально созданные в клетках для инги-бирования мобильных генетических элементов (транспозонов, интронов) и вирусов, которые стали основой сложнейших регуляторных сетей в развитии многоклеточных эукариот с огромным потенциалом к изменчивости в эволюции. Данные механизмы включают систему ферментов процессин-га малых некодирующих РНК и сплайсинга с их регуляторными факторами. Учитывая значительное распространение транспозонных последовательностей в геномах многоклеточных эукариот, в составе интронов и вблизи генов, а также происхождение интронов и некоторых белок-кодирующих генов от транспозонов, механизм РНК-интерференции стал играть ключевую роль в межклеточных взаимодействиях и регуляции экспрессии генов в последовательных делениях клеток, что дало возможность возникновения многоклеточных и их последующей эволюции. Доказаны тканеспецифические особенности экспрессии малых РНК, влияющие на активность определенных генов, необходимых для пространственной и временной дифференцировки клеток. Так как многие некодирующие РНК происходит непосредственно от транспозонов, доля последовательностей которых в геномах значительно выше идентифицированных стандартными методами, можно предположить, что транспозоны могут быть основными источниками некодирующих РНК в эволюции. Распространение интронов в белок-кодирующих последовательностях эукариот дало дополнительный универсальный способ регуляции межклеточной кооперации и тканевой дифференцировки за счет возможности управления сплайсингом различными факторами, в том числе транспозонами и некодирующими РНК. Сохранение в эволюции интронов, происходящих от мобильных генетических элементов у многоклеточных, говорит о важном значении использования защитных механизмов посттранскрипционного процес-синга для регуляции онтогенетического развития. На основании анализа многочисленных литературных данных предложено, что материальной основой эпигенетической наследственности являются транспозоны - видовая специфичность их количества, состава и расположения является основой онтогенетических преобразований за счет дифференцированной экспрессии генов под влиянием меняющейся активности определенных транспозонов - данные реакции проходят эволюционный отбор и закрепляются среди особей одного вида, находящихся в идентичных условиях существования. Большую роль в данных реакциях играет также регулирование сплайсинга генов эпигенетическими факторами и активностью транспозонов.
ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ МОРФОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ САМЦОВ И САМОК APORIA CRATAEGI L. (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE) В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ВРЕМЕНИ ВЫЛЕТА ИМАГО, "Экология"
Authors: Шкурихин А.О. , Захарова Е.Ю. , Ослина Т.С. , Солонкин И. А.
Published: August 2018

Проанализирована зависимость между временем вылета имаго и изменчивостью комплекса морфофизиологических признаков самцов и самок боярышницы Aporia crataegi L. В 2013-2015 гг. в течение всего периода лёта генерации боярышниц отлавливали в природной популяции на юге Свердловской области, параллельно выводили имаго из куколок в индивидуальных садках. Сопоставление полевых наблюдений в природе и результатов выращивания преимагинальных стадий показало, что первыми вылетают наиболее крупные имаго, последними - наиболее мелкие. Данная закономерность справедлива как при анализе изменчивых в течение жизни имаго признаков (масса тела и относительная масса брюшка), так и неизменной характеристики “структурного” размера (площадь крыла). Обсуждается влияние протандрии и доступности корма для гусениц на изменчивость размеров имаго в ходе лёта генерации у A. crataegi.
ТУОР-ЮРЯХСКИЙ РАЗРЕЗ “СРЕДНЕГО” МЕЛА НА ОCТРОВЕ КОТЕЛЬНЫЙ (НОВОСИБИРСКИЕ ОСТРОВА): КАК ВЫГЛЯДИТ НА СУШЕ ПРЕДПОЛАГАЕМОЕ ОСНОВАНИЕ ОСАДОЧНОГО ЧЕХЛА МОРЯ ЛАПТЕВЫХ?, "Стратиграфия. Геологическая корреляция"
Authors: Кузьмичев А.Б. , Данукалова М.К. , Александрова Г.Н. , Захаров В.А. , Герман А.Б. , Никитенко Б. Л. , Хубанов В.Б. , Коростылев Е. В.
Published: August 2018

Модель геологического строения осадочного чехла моря Лаптевых, принятая в настоящее время большинством геологов, предполагает, что нижний сейсмический комплекс чехла начинается апт-альбскими отложениями. Последние могут быть изучены в естественных выходах на о. Котельный. В статье описан разрез Туор-Юряхской мульды, в котором вскрыта нижняя часть мелового комплекса. Разрез сложен континентальными угленосными породами мощностью около 100 м. Маркирующие пласты делят его на пять пачек, которые прослежены вдоль западного борта мульды на расстояние до трех километров. Спорово-пыльцевые комплексы и макроостатки растений указывают на то, что почти весь видимый разрез “среднего” мела имеет альбский возраст; к апту, возможно, относится только его нижняя часть мощностью не более 14 м. В 15 м выше подошвы мелового комплекса обнаружены морские фации, содержащие фораминиферы альба. Разрез меловых пород подстилается нижнеюрскими морскими глинами и алевритами. Ассоциации фораминифер из этой части разреза характерны для верхнего синемюра-основания плинсбаха, ископаемые двустворки указывают на позднесинемюрский возраст вмещающих пород. Перерыв в осадконакоплении длительностью около 70 млн лет никак не выражен в разрезе: фактически эту границу возможно обосновать только по микрофоссилиям. Такая неотчетливость контакта нижнеюрских и среднемеловых пород совершенно не соответствует геофизическим характеристикам подошвы нижнего сейсмокомплекса чехла восточной части моря Лаптевых. Последняя описывается как самый отчетливый сейсмический горизонт в разрезе чехла, причем предполагается несогласное залегание нижнего сейсмокомплекса на пенепленизированной поверхности литифицированных и дислоцированных пород. Такому описанию в гораздо большей степени отвечает подошва эоценовых отложений, которые наблюдались нами на островах Бельковский и Котельный. В статье обсуждается применимость полученных на суше результатов к интерпретации сейсмических разрезов шельфа моря Лаптевых. Сделан вывод, что неотчетливость границы между нижнеюрскими и среднемеловыми толщами в изученном разрезе может быть вызвана локальными причинами. Проведенные наблюдения не опровергают представления о вероятном апт-альбском возрасте пород в основании нижнего сейсмокомплекса, но предлагается все же сохранить в качестве одного из возможных рабочих вариантов распространенную ранее идею об эоценовом возрасте нижнего сейсмокомплекса осадочного чехла восточной части моря Лаптевых.
The Impact of Contextualizing Board Structure on Firm Financial Performance in an Emerging Market
Authors: Almadi Madi M
Published: August 2018

The impact of the emerging markets context has been largely neglected in mainstream corporate governance research. The purpose of this paper is to conduct the first empirical study that investigates the relationship between board structure and firm financial performance through bundling theory with contextual considerations for economic, political, and social elements of the emerging Saudi Arabian market. This study uses archival data from a longitudinal sample of all listed firms in the Saudi market for years 2009 to 2013, taking into account the risks of endogeneity bias to OLS regression. The paper found that outside directors from a privileged regional background and government representative directors on the board of companies predict a better return on assets, while outside directors from the ruling royal family positively influence corporate performance only when they are joined by government representative directors. Integration between theory and context provided a more accurate diagnosis of board phenomena in Saudi Arabia. Optimising the recognition of board members by utilising informal institutions determines the actual boardroom players who influence firm profitability. Such an approach involves significant implications for corporate governance theories and practices. Whether this holds in the context of other emerging markets is an area worthy of further investigation.

Keywords: Board Structure, Contextual Consideration, Firm Financial Performance, Emerging Markets, Saudi Arabia

To cite this document: Madi M Almadi, "The Impact of Contextualizing Board Structure on Firm Financial Performance in an Emerging Market", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.12, No.4, pp. 409-434, 2016.

Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.15752
2D Metal Oxyhalide‐Derived Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: García de Arquer F. Pelayo , Bushuyev Oleksandr S. , De Luna Phil , Dinh Cao‐Thang , Seifitokaldani Ali , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Tan Chih‐Shan , Quan Li Na , Proppe Andrew , Kibria Md. Golam , Kelley Shana O. , Sinton David , Sargent Edward H.
Published: August 2018

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a compelling route to store renewable electricity in the form of carbon‐based fuels. Efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 requires catalysts that combine high activity, high selectivity, and low overpotential. Extensive surface reconstruction of metal catalysts under high productivity operating conditions (high current densities, reducing potentials, and variable pH) renders the realization of tailored catalysts that maximize the exposure of the most favorable facets, the number of active sites, and the oxidation state all the more challenging. Earth‐abundant transition metals such as tin, bismuth, and lead have been proven stable and product‐specific, but exhibit limited partial current densities. Here, a strategy that employs bismuth oxyhalides as a template from which 2D bismuth‐based catalysts are derived is reported. The BiOBr‐templated catalyst exhibits a preferential exposure of highly active Bi () facets. Thereby, the CO2 reduction reaction selectivity is increased to over 90% Faradaic efficiency and simultaneously stable current densities of up to 200 mA cm−2 are achieved—more than a twofold increase in the production of the energy‐storage liquid formic acid compared to previous best Bi catalysts.
High Modulation Speed, Depth, and Coloration Efficiency of Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Electrochromic Device Achieved by Counter Electrode Impedance Matching
Authors: Stekovic Dejan , Arkook Bassim , Li Guanghui , Li Wangxiang , Bekyarova Elena , Itkis Mikhail E.
Published: August 2018

Improving the modulation depth and switching speed of electrochromic devices is important for expanding the field of electrochromic functional materials applications. The previous study demonstrates that semiconducting (SC‐) single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin film based electrochromic cells with ionic liquid as the electrolyte and metallic (MT‐) SWNT counter electrode can operate with fast switching times in the millisecond range. However, achieving a high modulation depth requires an increasing thickness of the electrochromically active SC‐SWNT layer resulting in a slowdown of the switching time by more than order of magnitude. Here it is reported that milliseconds range switching time can be restored by increasing the thickness of MT‐SWNT thin film counter electrode thus matching the electrochemical capacitances of the two sides of the electrochromic cell while reaching a high modulation depth of 20 dB and high coloration efficiency exceeding 1800 cm2 C−1 at an infrared wavelength of 1770 nm. The results are interpreted in terms of considering the SWNT cell as a supercapacitor with two connected in series electric double layer 3D capacitors associated with two opposing SWNT electrodes.
Laser‐Induced Forward Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Serra Pere , Piqué Alberto
Published: August 2018

Laser‐induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a digital printing technique that uses a pulsed laser beam as the driving force to project material from a donor thin film toward the receiving substrate whereon that material will be finally deposited as a voxel. This working principle allows LIFT to operate with both solid and liquid donor films, which provides the technique with an unprecedented broad spectrum of printable materials, and thus makes it very competitive over other digital technologies, like inkjet printing. It is not only that LIFT can access a much wider range of ink viscosities and loading particle sizes; the possibility of printing from solid films allows the single‐step printing of multilayers and entire devices, and even makes possible 3D printing. This versatility translates, in turn, into a broad field of applications, from graphics production to printed electronics, from the fabrication of chemical sensors to tissue engineering. This monograph provides an extensive review of the LIFT technique, from its origins to the most recent achievements, focusing on the fundamental aspects of both its working principle and transfer dynamics, as well as on its broad range of applications.
Arbitrary and Independent Polarization Control In Situ via a Single Metasurface
Authors: Yan Libin , Zhu Weiming , Karim Muhammad Faeyz , Cai Hong , Gu Alex Yuandong , Shen Zhongxiang , Chong Peter Han Joo , Tsai Din Ping , Kwong Dim‐Lee , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Liu Ai Qun
Published: August 2018

A single metasurface is demonstrated with powerful manipulating capability to arbitrarily and independently tune the phase profiles of orthogonal polarization states using subwavelength tunable cross‐shaped element (TCE) arrays. Here, the arbitrary control of the phase profiles must be distinguished from the semiarbitrary phase control using multiple predesigned metasurfaces with one‐to‐one functionality. The decoupled tuning of phase profiles for orthogonal polarization states bestows the metasurface with additional degree of freedom to manipulate the electromagnetic wave for multifunctionality. As a proof of concept, a tunable polarization beam splitter, a dynamic beam steering component, and a quarter waveplate are demonstrated using one single metasurface. This metasurface has promising applications on versatile and function‐switchable photonic components, such as polarization optical devices, compact functional devices, communication systems, and wave controlling devices, to name just a few.
Sandwich‐Like Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Black/Amorphous Cobalt Borate Nanocomposites as Bifunctional Cathode Electrocatalyst in Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Sun Jiqing , Yang Dongjiang , Lowe Sean , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Yazhou , Zhao Shenlong , Liu Porun , Wang Yun , Tang Zhiyong , Zhao Huijun , Yao Xiangdong
Published: August 2018

The inhibitively high cost of the noble‐metal‐containing materials has become a major obstacle for the large‐scale application of rechargeable zinc‐air batteries (ZABs). To solve this problem in a practical way, a green and scalable method to prepare sandwich‐like reduced graphene oxide /carbon black/amorphous cobalt borate nanocomposites (rGO/CB/Co‐Bi) is reported. These composites are shown to be a highly efficient and robust bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this system, the spontaneous assembly of the GO sheet and CB nanoparticles is demonstrated by noncovalent interactions to build the sandwich‐like structure with hierarchical pore distribution. The impressive ORR and OER activities of the obtained nanocomposite are attributed to the high conductivity, large surface area, and the hierarchically porous channels. With room‐temperature synthesis and significant activities shown in the demonstrative battery test, the prepared nanocomposite can potentially serve as an alternative for noble‐metal‐based rechargeable ZAB cathode materials.
Trapping and Redistribution of Hydrophobic Sulfur Sols in Graphene–Polyethyleneimine Networks for Stable Li–S Cathodes
Authors: Ghosh Debasis , Gad Mariam , Lau Irene , Pope Michael A.
Published: August 2018

The lithium–sulfur battery is a promising next‐generation rechargeable battery system which promises to be less expensive and potentially fivefold more energy dense than current Li‐ion technologies. This can only be achieved by improving the sulfur utilization in thick, high areal loading cathodes while minimizing capacity fading to realize high practical energy densities and long cycle‐life. This study reports a simple method to fabricate a high capacity, high loading cathode with one of the highest cycle‐stabilities reported. It is demonstrated that sulfur sols formed by crashing dissolved elemental sulfur into water are trapped between graphene oxide sheets when flocculated with polyethyleneimine. Low temperature, hydrothermal treatment produces a conductive, partially covalent composite exhibiting outstanding cycle‐stability. Using this method, sulfur can be uniformly distributed at fractions as high as 75.7 wt%. Electrodes with high areal sulfur loadings (up to ≈5.4 mg cm−2), prepared using these composites, lead to projected high cell level practical energy densities of 400 Wh kg−1. The electrodes demonstrate negligible capacity loss over 250 cycles at 0.15 C and only 0.028% capacity loss per cycle over 810 cycles at 0.75 C. Eventual capacity fading is found to be linked to degradation of lithium‐metal anode suggesting that the cathode material remains stable over even more extended cycling.
Bioinformatic analysis of Chinese hamster ovary host cell protein lipases
Authors: MacDonald Madolyn L. , Hamaker Nathaniel K. , Lee Kelvin H.
Published: August 2018

Complete, accurate genome assemblies are necessary to design targets for genetic engineering strategies. Successful gene knockdowns and knockouts in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells may prevent the expression of difficult‐to‐remove host cell proteins (HCPs). HCPs, if not removed, can cause problems in stability, safety, and efficacy of the biotherapeutic. A significantly improved Chinese hamster (CH) reference genome was used to identify new knockout targets with similar predicted functions and characteristics as the difficult‐to‐remove host cell lipases, LPL, PLBL2, and LPLA2. The CHO‐K1 gene and protein sequences of several of these lipases were corrected using the updated CH genome. Sequence alignments were then used to identify conserved regions that may serve as possible targets for multiple simultaneous gene knockouts. Finally, the comparison of the CHO‐K1 lipase protein sequences to their human orthologs provided insight into which lipases, if persistent in the drug product, could possibly cause immunogenic responses in patients. Topical heading: Biomolecular Engineering, Bioengineering, Biochemicals, Biofuels, and Food. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 4247–4254, 2018
Assessing the evolutionary history of the fern family Dipteridaceae (Gleicheniales) by incorporating both extant and extinct members in a combined phylogenetic study
Authors: Choo Thereis Y. S. , Escapa Ignacio H.
Published: August 2018

Premise of the Study

Dipteridaceae is a lineage of ferns that has existed from the early Mesozoic and is known for its extensive fossil record. By integrating information from all described extant and extinct genera into a single phylogenetic study, this paper aims to examine the taxonomy of the group on a whole and explore character evolution within the lineage across time.

Methods

A morphological matrix of 51 characters was developed for 72 species (43 extinct and 29 extant) based on published information. Morphological characters were combined with nucleotide sequences for four chloroplast genes (rbcL, atpA, atpB, and rps4) for extant taxa, and combined parsimony analyses were conducted to infer evolutionary trends in the group.

Key Results

Dipteridaceae was found to be monophyletic and characterized by highly anastomosing minor veins forming a meshwork of areoles with free‐included veinlets. Based on our analyses, we recognize six previously described genera (i.e., Goeppertella, Thaumatopteris, Clathropteris, Digitopteris, Dipteris, and Cheiropleuria) and one new genus (i.e., Sewardalea). Fossils currently described as Dictyophyllum, Kenderlykia, Hausmannia, and Protorhipis are ambiguously placed on the tree and are recognized as possibly unnatural morphogenera.

Conclusions

Overall, the evolutionary trend in Dipteridaceae has been toward increasing complexity in the venation pattern and laminal fusion. Only the Hausmannia‐type frond with dichotomizing primary veins and relatively fused lamina persisted in the later part of the Mesozoic to the present. Within the crown group, we see evidence of re‐radiation of frond forms in Dipteris and Cheiropleuria.
Shedding new light on the origin and spread of the brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its wild relatives
Authors: Aubriot Xavier , Knapp Sandra , Syfert Mindy M. , Poczai Péter , Buerki Sven
Published: August 2018

Premise of the Study

While brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the second most important solanaceous fruit crop, we lack firm knowledge of its evolutionary relationships. This in turn limits efficient use of crop wild relatives in eggplant improvement. Here, we examine the hypothesis of linear step‐wise expansion of the eggplant group from Africa to Asia.

Methods

We use museum collections to generate nuclear and full‐plastome data for all species of the Eggplant clade. We combine a phylogenomic approach with distribution data to infer a biogeographic scenario for the clade.

Key Results

The Eggplant clade has Pleistocene origins in northern Africa. Dispersals to tropical Asia gave rise to Solanum insanum, the wild progenitor of the eggplant, and to African distinct lineages of widespread and southern African species. Results suggest that spread of the species to southern Africa has been recent and likely facilitated by large mammalian herbivores, such as the African elephant and impala feeding on Solanum fruit.

Conclusions

Rather than a linear ‘Out Of Africa’ sequence, our results are more consistent with an initial dispersal event into Asia, and subsequent wide dispersal and differentiation across Africa driven by large mammalian herbivores. Our evolutionary results will affect future work on eggplant domestication and affect the use of wild relatives in breeding of this increasingly important solanaceous crop.
Novel composite sorbents based on carbon fibers decorated with ferric hydroxides—Arsenic removal
Authors: Bilgin Simsek Esra , Novak Ivan , Berek Dusan , Beker Ulker
Published: August 2018

Carbon fibers (CF) were prepared by carbonization of cellulose and further deposited with ferric hydroxide (CF–Fe). The synthesized CF and CF–Fe composites were employed to remove arsenate from aqueous solution. CF–Fe samples with different amount of Fe (3, 7, 11, and 20 wt.%) were characterized using SEM‐EDX, XPS, FTIR, BET, pH titration, and zeta potential measurements. Batch isotherm studies were performed to determine the As (V) adsorption performance of both raw CF and CF–Fe. CF–Fe composites exhibited significantly higher As (V) adsorption capacity compared with raw CF, namely, 167.95 versus 412.8 μg/g and for raw CF and CF–Fe (3%), respectively. The presence of Cl− and SO42− only slightly affected the As (V) adsorption, whereas competitive adsorption displayed the highest influence of PO43−, followed by F− and CO32−. The results revealed that both coulombic interactions and surface complexation reactions play important role in the As (V) adsorption process.
Distribution and habitat preferences of Hippocampus species along the Apulian coast
Authors: Lazic Tamara , Pierri Cataldo , Gristina Michele , Carlucci Roberto , Cardone Frine , Colangelo Paolo , Desiderato Andrea , Mercurio Maria , Bertrandino Marta Simona , Longo Caterina , Carbonara Pierluigi , Corriero Giuseppe
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to provide further knowledge of the ecological, spatial, and temporal distribution and life‐cycle traits of the sympatric seahorse species Hippocampus hippocampus and Hippocampus guttulatus.

From 2011 to 2014, data were collected from 20 sites along the Apulian coast (Southern Italy) in order to cover a wide range of coastal marine, open water, and lagoon sites, from the surface to a depth of 48 metres.

Seahorses were found at seven of the 20 sites investigated. Both species displayed temporal persistence, patchy distribution, and a high spatial demographic heterogeneity.

This study revealed a smaller maximum size and size at maturity of H. guttulatus than has been reported elsewhere. Although it is possible that environmental factors are influencing the size of these animals, there may be genetic explanations, especially for lagoon populations.

Despite the fragmented distribution and often low abundance found along the Apulian coast, some seahorse populations appear to be locally persistent and stable over time, suggesting that there is a need for appropriate location‐specific conservation strategies.

Not just maintaining but increasing the area of artificial substrates, which enhance habitat complexity and provide holdfasts, could represent a possible approach to help conserve marine littoral biodiversity and to protect endangered species in lagoons.
Preventing Plagiarism (and Other Forms of Cheating): Advice From Students and Faculty
Authors: Bluestein Stephanie A.
Published: August 2018

This chapter provides practical suggestions from community college students and faculty—in their own words—about how to prevent academic dishonesty and what to do if it happens. Both new and veteran professors can benefit from the wide variety of ideas that are enlightening and innovative.
Meaningful Engagement With Academic Integrity Through a Focus on Context and Relationship
Authors: Coffey Sue , Anyinam Charles , Zitzelsberger Hilde
Published: August 2018

This chapter describes how contextualizing academic integrity to the personal lives and professional expectations of students opens up space for meaningful engagement between students and faculty and fosters an affirming approach to preventing, rather than policing, academic integrity issues.
Nurtured on Wikipedia, Can an Honor Code Foster Better Student Writers?
Authors: Hamann Hillary , Kerwin Michael
Published: August 2018

This chapter documents how an institution with a strong commitment to academic integrity can utilize an honor code as a tool to help nurture budding academic writers by building character, celebrating honesty, enforcing consequences, and teaching skills.
Part‐Time Integrity? Contingent Faculty and Academic Integrity
Authors: Bertram Gallant Tricia
Published: August 2018

This chapter describes the challenges contingent community‐college faculty might face in implementing best‐integrity practices in the classroom, and calls for community college leadership to make changes to better support faculty in their efforts to protect the academic integrity of their institutions.
Third molar in the orbital floor: A precarious presentation of odontogenic keratocyst—A case report and review of literature
Authors: Shetty Premalatha , Shetty Sameep , Agarwal Nancy , Srivastava Pritika
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical Message

The case illuminates the likelihood of a dental pathology presenting with discrete signs and symptoms and the importance of the differential diagnosis of some incongruent clinical entities. The purpose of this article was to present a case report of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) arising in the orbital floor, finding the common thread in rare pathology, and highlighting the aberration in our treatment plan by collating all the wealth of information published in the literature.
De Novo Designed α‐Helical Coiled‐Coil Peptides as Scaffolds for Chemical Reactions
Authors: Rink W. Mathis , Thomas Franziska
Published: August 2018

Coiled coils (CCs) are well‐understood protein‐folding motifs. They appear in a variety of oligomer states and as homo‐ and heteromeric assemblies. This versatility and the general accessibility by de novo design makes them ideal building blocks for synthetic biology. This Minireview highlights the efforts being made in designing small peptide catalysts or reaction templates based on the CC scaffold. The first reports described autocatalysis or mediation of peptide ligation based on CC recognition. Over the years, the designs became more advanced, catalyzing ester hydrolysis, acyl transfer and redox reactions with partial enzyme‐like reactivity. Due to the ability to control CC assembly, and, in heterodimeric systems, the association and dissociation, the CC motif has become a common peptide tag in chemical biology.
Synthesis of Surface‐Modification‐Oriented Nanosized Molybdenum Disulfide with High Peroxidase‐Like Catalytic Activity for H2O2 and Cholesterol Detection
Authors: Ma Dongqing , Yu Jie , Yin Wenyan , Zhang Xiao , Mei Linqiang , Zu Yan , An Lijuan , Gu Zhanjun
Published: August 2018

Abnormal H2O2 and cholesterol levels are closely related to many diseases. This work reports a facile process for the synthesis of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)‐modified MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2‐GSSG NSs). The biocompatible MoS2‐GSSG NSs have good dispersibility and high affinity to the substrate 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), which is beneficial for improving peroxidase‐like catalytic activity of MoS2. The high peroxidase‐like activity of MoS2‐GSSG NSs was applied as a robust nanoplatform for low‐cost, rapid, and highly effective colorimetric detection of H2O2 and total/free cholesterol. Moreover, the peroxidase‐like catalytic mechanism was studied by the steady‐state kinetics method. The catalytic activity was remarkably high at a wide range of pH (2.4–7.0) and temperature values (25–70 °C). The cholesterol was catalyzed by cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) in the presence of O2 to generate H2O2, which oxidized TMB to generate a blue‐colored product (oxTMB) under the catalysis of MoS2‐GSSG NSs. The detection limit (DL) of total cholesterol and H2O2 was as low as 5.36 and 0.51 μm, respectively. The linear ranges for detecting cholesterol and H2O2 were from 5.36 to 800 μm and from 0.51 to 50 μm, respectively. This method was also successfully applied to the detection of cholesterol in serum. The detection concentration of total cholesterol was consistent with that of the value detected by the blood biochemical method used in the clinic.
Query grouping–based multi‐query optimization framework for interactive SQL query engines on Hadoop
Authors: Chen Ling , Lin Yan , Wang Jingchang , Huang Heqing , Chen Donghui , Wu Yong
Published: August 2018

In the past few years, executing high‐concurrency queries with interactive SQL query engines on Hadoop has become an important activity for many organizations. However, these systems do not adopt Multi‐Query Optimization (MQO) to accelerate the process. There are two major concerns. Firstly, traditional MQO researches assume that multiple queries have high similarity. However, these systems usually serve a variety of applications. Although queries from the same application have high similarity, queries from different applications may have low similarity, so using traditional MQO will be inefficient and time consuming. Secondly, integrating MQO may lead to lots of system modifications. To integrate MQO into interactive SQL query engines on Hadoop efficiently, a query grouping–based MQO framework is proposed. A lightweight mechanism is used to represent SQL queries, on which a grouping method is exploited to speed up the optimization process. A cost model is integrated to estimate the execution cost of interactive SQL query engines on Hadoop. By using the proposed framework, we modify Impala system to support MQO, and the experimental results on TPC‐DS show significant performance improvements.
Ferrihydrite‐Modified Ti–Fe2O3 as an Effective Photoanode: The Role of Interface Interactions in Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity of Water Oxidation
Authors: Bu Qijing , Li Shuo , Wu Qiannan , Bi Lingling , Lin Yanhong , Wang Dejun , Zou Xiaoxin , Xie Tengfeng
Published: August 2018

Semiconductor electrodes integrated with cocatalysts are key components of photoelectrochemistry (PEC)‐based solar‐energy conversion. However, efforts to optimize the PEC device have been limited by an inadequate understanding of the interface interactions between the semiconductor–cocatalyst (sem|cat) and cocatalyst–electrolyte (cat|ele) interface. In our work, we used ferrihydrite (Fh)‐modified Ti–Fe2O3 as a model to explore the transfer process of photogenerated charge carriers between the Ti–Fe2O3–Fh (Ti–Fe2O3|Fh) interface and Fh‐electrolyte (Fh|ele) interface. The results demonstrate that the biphasic structure (Fh/Ti–Fe2O3) possesses the advantage that the minority hole transfer from Ti–Fe2O3 to Fh is driven by the interfacial electric field at the Ti–Fe2O3|Fh interface; meanwhile, the holes reached at the surface of Fh can rapidly inject into the electrolyte across the Fh|ele interface. As a benefit from the improved charge transfer at the Ti–Fe2O3|Fh and Fh|ele interface, the photocurrent density obtained by Fh/Ti–Fe2O3 can reach 2.32 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE, which is three times higher than that of Ti–Fe2O3.
Energy‐Efficient Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia at Low Overpotential in Aqueous Electrolyte under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Dabin , Azofra Luis Miguel , Harb Moussab , Cavallo Luigi , Zhang Xinyi , Suryanto Bryan H. R. , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: August 2018

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions is a promising alternative to the traditional energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch process to produce NH3. The challenge is to achieve a sufficient energy efficiency, yield rate, and selectivity to make the process practical. Here, we demonstrate that Ru nanoparticles (NPs) enable NRR in 0.01 m HCl aqueous solution at very high energy efficiency, that is, very low overpotentials. Remarkably, the NRR occurs at a potential close to or even above the H+/H2 reversible potential, significantly enhancing the NRR selectivity versus the production of H2. NH3 yield rates as high as ≈5.5 mg h−1 m−2 at 20 °C and 21.4 mg h−1 m−2 at 60 °C were achieved at a redox potential (E) of −100 mV versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), whereas a highest Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ≈5.4 % is achievable at E=+10 mV vs. RHE. This work demonstrates the potential use of Ru NPs as an efficient catalyst for NRR at ambient conditions. This ability to catalyze NRR at potentials near or above RHE is imperative in improving the NRR selectivity towards a practical process as well as rendering the H2 viable as byproduct. Density functional theory calculations of the mechanism suggest that the efficient NRR process occurring on these predominantly Ru (0 0 1) surfaces is catalyzed by a dissociative mechanism.
An adaptive approach for handling two‐dimension influence maximization in social networks
Authors: He Qiang , Wang Xingwei , Huang Min , Cai Yuliang , Zhang Chuangchuang , Ma Lianbo
Published: August 2018

To synthetically and dynamically make strategic choices in social networks, a novel adaptive approach to deal with two‐dimension influence maximization problem (TIMP) is proposed with game‐based diffusion model, which can achieve trade‐off between diffusion time and the number of active nodes. At first, TIMP model is synthetically formulated, and diffusion time and the number of active nodes are defined mathematically. In particular, budget efficiency is presented to describe TIMP in order that an appropriate trade‐off between diffusion time and the number of active nodes can be reached. Then, an adaptive heuristic (A‐Heuristic) scheme is proposed to dynamically determine the initial seed nodes (ie, the most influential nodes). Finally, experiments are performed, and their results verify the superior performance of the proposed scheme in terms of budget efficiency, running time, and the number of active nodes.
Neuropathy following spinal nerve injury shares features with the irritable nociceptor phenotype: A back‐translational study of oxcarbazepine
Authors: Patel Ryan , Kucharczyk Mateusz , Montagut‐Bordas Carlota , Lockwood Stevie , Dickenson Anthony H.
Published: August 2018

Background

The term ‘irritable nociceptor’ was coined to describe neuropathic patients characterized by evoked hypersensitivity and preservation of primary afferent fibres. Oxcarbazepine is largely ineffectual in an overall patient population, but has clear efficacy in a subgroup with the irritable nociceptor profile. We examine whether neuropathy in rats induced by spinal nerve injury shares overlapping pharmacological sensitivity with the irritable nociceptor phenotype using drugs that target sodium channels.

Methods

In vivo electrophysiology was performed in anaesthetized spinal nerve ligated (SNL) and sham‐operated rats to record from wide dynamic range (WDR) neurones in the ventral posterolateral thalamus (VPL) and dorsal horn.

Results

In neuropathic rats, spontaneous activity in the VPL was substantially attenuated by spinal lidocaine, an effect that was absent in sham rats. The former measure was in part dependent on ongoing peripheral activity as intraplantar lidocaine also reduced aberrant spontaneous thalamic firing. Systemic oxcarbazepine had no effect on wind‐up of dorsal horn neurones in sham and SNL rats. However, in SNL rats, oxcarbazepine markedly inhibited punctate mechanical‐, dynamic brush‐ and cold‐evoked neuronal responses in the VPL and dorsal horn, with minimal effects on heat‐evoked responses. In addition, oxcarbazepine inhibited spontaneous activity in the VPL. Intraplantar injection of the active metabolite licarbazepine replicated the effects of systemic oxcarbazepine, supporting a peripheral locus of action.

Conclusions

We provide evidence that ongoing activity in primary afferent fibres drives spontaneous thalamic firing after spinal nerve injury and that oxcarbazepine through a peripheral mechanism exhibits modality‐selective inhibitory effects on sensory neuronal processing.

Significance

The inhibitory effects of lidocaine and oxcarbazepine in this rat model of neuropathy resemble the clinical observations in the irritable nociceptor patient subgroup and support a mechanism‐based rationale for bench‐to‐bedside translation when screening novel drugs.
A Novel Biomass Derived Carbon Quantum Dots for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Hydrazine
Authors: Sha Rinky , Jones S. Solomon , Vishnu Nandimalla , Soundiraraju Bhuvaneswari , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: August 2018

We report for the first time, carbon quantum dots (CQD) based highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrazine. CQD was synthesized by pyrolysis method using a natural precursor, chia seeds. The sensing ability was studied in terms of oxygen‐rich functional groups present on the surface of CQD.