bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Signal-induced PARP1-Erk synergism mediates IEG expression
Authors: Cohen-Armon Malka , Yeheskel Adva , Pascal John M.
Published: April 2019

A recently disclosed Erk-induced PARP1 activation mediates the expression of immediate early genes (IEG) in response to a variety of extra- and intra-cellular signals implicated in memory acquisition, development and proliferation. Here, we review this mechanism, which is initiated by stimulation-induced binding of PARP1 to phosphorylated Erk translocated into the nucleus. Their binding maintains their long-lasting activity in a synergism, which offers a new pattern for targeted therapy.
Human noise blindness drives suboptimal cognitive inference
Authors: Herce Castañón Santiago , Moran Rani , Ding Jacqueline , Egner Tobias , Bang Dan , Summerfield Christopher
Published: April 2019

Humans typically make near-optimal sensorimotor judgements but show systematic biases when making more cognitive judgements. Here we test the hypothesis that, while humans are sensitive to the noise present during early sensory encoding, the “optimality gap” arises because they are blind to noise introduced by later cognitive integration of variable or discordant pieces of information. In six psychophysical experiments, human observers judged the average orientation of an array of contrast gratings. We varied the stimulus contrast (encoding noise) and orientation variability (integration noise) of the array. Participants adapted near-optimally to changes in encoding noise, but, under increased integration noise, displayed a range of suboptimal behaviours: they ignored stimulus base rates, reported excessive confidence in their choices, and refrained from opting out of objectively difficult trials. These overconfident behaviours were captured by a Bayesian model blind to integration noise. Our study provides a computationally grounded explanation of human suboptimal cognitive inference.
Dynamic imaging of crystalline defects in lithium-manganese oxide electrodes during electrochemical activation to high voltage
Authors: Li Qianqian , Yao Zhenpeng , Lee Eungje , Xu Yaobin , Thackeray Michael M. , Wolverton Chris , Dravid Vinayak P. , Wu Jinsong
Published: April 2019

Crystalline defects are commonly generated in lithium-metal-oxide electrodes during cycling of lithium-ion batteries. Their role in electrochemical reactions is not yet fully understood because, until recently, there has not been an effective operando technique to image dynamic processes at the atomic level. In this study, two types of defects were monitored dynamically during delithiation and concomitant oxidation of oxygen ions by using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy supported by density functional theory calculations. One stacking fault with a fault vector b/6[110] and low mobility contributes minimally to oxygen release from the structure. In contrast, dissociated dislocations with Burgers vector of c/2[001] have high gliding and transverse mobility; they lead to the formation, transport and release subsequently of oxygen related species at the surface of the electrode particles. This work advances the scientific understanding of how oxygen participates and the structural response during the activation process at high potentials.
Sublimation of terrestrial permafrost and the implications for ice-loss processes on Mars
Authors: Douglas Thomas A. , Mellon Michael T.
Published: April 2019

Sublimation of ice is rate-controlled by vapor transport away from its outer surface and may have generated landforms on Mars. In ice-cemented ground (permafrost), the lag of soil particles remaining after ice loss decreases subsequent sublimation. Varying soil-ice ratios lead to differential lag development. Here we report 52 years of sublimation measurements from a permafrost tunnel near Fairbanks, Alaska, and constrain models of sublimation, diffusion through porous soil, and lag formation. We derive the first long-term in situ effective diffusion coefficient of ice-free loess, a Mars analog soil, of 9.05 × 10−6 m2 s−1, ~5× larger than past theoretical studies. Exposed ice-wedge sublimation proceeds ~4× faster than predicted from analogy to heat loss by buoyant convection, a theory frequently employed in Mars studies. Our results can be used to map near-surface ice-content differences, identify surface processes controlling landform formation and morphology, and identify target landing sites for human exploration of Mars.
Copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative Mannich reaction enabled by acidic activation of 2H-azirines
Authors: Zhang Hai-Jun , Xie Yan-Cheng , Yin Liang
Published: April 2019

Chiral aziridines are structure units found in many biologically active compounds and are important building blocks in organic synthesis. Herein, by merging nucleophilic generation through copper(I)-catalyzed decarboxylation and activation of poorly electrophilic 2H-azirines through protonation with carboxylic acids, an asymmetric decarboxylative Mannich reaction between α,α-disubstituted cyanoacetic acids and 2H-azirines is uncovered, which leads to generation of chiral aziridines containing vicinal tetrasubstituted and acyclic quaternary stereogenic carbon centers in good to excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. At last, transformations of the produced chiral aziridine are successfully carried out to deliver synthetically useful compounds.
Surface degradation mechanisms in a eutectic high entropy alloy at microstructural length-scales and correlation with phase-specific work function
Authors: Hasannaeimi Vahid , Ayyagari Aditya V. , Muskeri Saideep , Salloom Riyadh , Mukherjee Sundeep
Published: April 2019

High entropy alloys represent a new paradigm of structural alloy design consisting of (near) equal proportions of constituent elements resulting in a number of attractive properties. In particular, eutectic high entropy alloys offer a remarkable combination of high strength and good ductility from the synergistic contribution of each phase in the eutectic, thereby circumventing the strength-ductility trade-off in conventional structural materials. In the present study, wear and corrosion behavior were evaluated for the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy consisting of BCC (B2), and FCC (L12) lamellae. A transition from adhesive to oxidative wear was observed in reciprocating wear analysis. The L12 phase with lower hardness preferentially deformed during the wear test. The ratio of hardness to modulus was almost two times higher for the B2 phase as compared to L12. The overall corrosion resistance of the eutectic high entropy alloy was comparable to 304 stainless steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. However, detailed microscopy revealed preferential dissolution of the B2 phase. Phase-specific scanning kelvin probe analysis showed relatively higher electropositivity for the B2 phase as compared with L12, supporting the selective corrosion and higher coefficient of friction of B2.
Sleep Preserves Physiological Arousal in Emotional Memory
Authors: Ashton Jennifer E. , Harrington Marcus O. , Guttesen Anna á Váli , Smith Anika K. , Cairney Scott A.
Published: April 2019

Traumatic experiences are associated with increased emotional arousal. Overnight consolidation strengthens the episodic content of emotional memories, but it is still unclear how sleep influences the associated arousal response. To investigate this question, we compared the effects of sleep and wake on psychophysiological and subjective reactivity during emotional memory retrieval. Participants provided affective ratings for negative and neutral images while heart rate deceleration (HRD) and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were monitored. Following a 12-hour delay of sleep or wakefulness, participants completed an image recognition task where HRD, SCRs and affective ratings were recorded again. HRD responses to previously-encoded (“old”) negative images were preserved after sleep but diminished after wakefulness. No between-group difference in HRD was observed for novel negative images at recognition, indicating that the effects of sleep for old images were not driven by a generalised overnight increase in visceral activity, or circadian factors. No significant effects of sleep were observed for SCRs or subjective ratings. Our data suggest that cardiac arousal experienced at the time of encoding is sensitive to plasticity-promoting processes during sleep in a similar manner to episodic aspects of emotional memory.
Early impairments in the retina of rats fed with high fructose/high fat diet are associated with glucose metabolism deregulation but not dyslipidaemia
Authors: Vidal Elisa , Lalarme Elise , Maire Marie-Annick , Febvret Valérie , Grégoire Stéphane , Gambert Ségolène , Acar Niyazi , Bretillon Lionel
Published: April 2019

Way of life changes such as high consumption of processed foods rich in fat and sugar and sedentary lifestyle are associated with the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) that affects about 35% in the American population. MetS is the main risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which is associated with vascular changes in the retina. However, the early consequences of MetS in the retina are not well described. We therefore aimed at characterizing the early effects of a high fructose and high fat diet (HFHF) on the function and structure of the rat retina, and evaluate the associations with metabolic changes. Brown Norway rats of 6 weeks of age were fed for 8 days, 5 weeks or 13 weeks with HFHF diet, or a standard chow. After only 4 weeks of this diet, rats exhibited a reduction in cone photoreceptor sensitivity to light. Moreover, we observed that MetS significantly exacerbated laser-induced choroidal neovascularization by 72% and 67% 2 weeks and 3 weeks post laser treatment, respectively. These retinal abnormalities were associated with deregulation of glucose metabolism but not lipid metabolism. These data showed retinal modifications in HFHF-induced MetS in the rat, at very early stage of the disease.
Inorganic co-crystal formation and thermal disproportionation in a dicyanometallate ‘superperovskite’
Authors: Hill Joshua A. , Murray Claire A. , Tang Chiu C. , Thygesen Peter M. M. , Thompson Amber L. , Goodwin Andrew L.
Published: April 2019

The dicyanometallate superperovskite co-crystal [NBu4]Mn[Au(CN)2]3·[NBu4]ClO4 illustrates a new type of structural and phase complexity accessible to dicyanometallate perovskites.
Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, and 13C SS-NMR) and quantum chemical investigations to provide structural insights into nitrofurantoin–4-hydroxybenzoic acid cocrystals
Authors: Shukla Anuradha , Khan Eram , Alsirawan MHD. Bashir , Mandal Rajorshi , Tandon Poonam , Vangala Venu R.
Published: April 2019

Non-covalent interactions contribute considerably to the stability of cocrystals and have appreciable effects on their molecular geometry as well.
Hierarchical self-assembly of hard cube derivatives
Authors: Harper Eric S. , Waters Brendon , Glotzer Sharon C.
Published: April 2019

Machine-learning analysis of local motifs of hard cube derivatives explains the self-assembly behaviour of hierarchical self-assembled cubic crystal.
Correction: The efficiency of cytosolic drug delivery using pH-responsive endosomolytic polymers does not correlate with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Baljon Jessalyn J. , Dandy Aamina , Wang-Bishop Lihong , Wehbe Mohamed , Jacobson Max E. , Wilson John T.
Published: April 2019

Correction for ‘The efficiency of cytosolic drug delivery using pH-responsive endosomolytic polymers does not correlate with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome’ by Jessalyn J. Baljon et al., Biomater. Sci., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01643g.
Cucurbituril-mediated quantum dot aggregates formed by aqueous self-assembly for sensing applications
Authors: Peveler William J. , Jia Hui , Jeen Tiffany , Rees Kelly , Macdonald Thomas J. , Xia Zhicheng , Chio Weng-I Katherine , Moorthy Suresh , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J. , Algar W. Russ , Lee Tung-Chun
Published: April 2019

Supramolecular ‘gluing’ of quantum dots is demonstrated with cucurbituril and we present the opportunity to create molecular host–guest sensing schemes.
General rhodium-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions between anilines: synthesis of unsymmetrical 2,2′-diaminobiaryls
Authors: Shi Yang , Liu Jiahui , Yang Yudong , You Jingsong
Published: April 2019

Described herein is a dual chelation-assisted RhCl3-catalyzed oxidative C–H/C–H cross-coupling reaction of aniline derivatives, in which the chemo- and regioselective cross-coupling between electronically similar substrates is achieved.
Synthesis of N-unsubstituted cycloalkylimines containing a 4 to 8-membered ring
Authors: Guillemin Jean-Claude , Nasraoui Wafa , Gazzeh Houda
Published: April 2019

Primary cycloalkylimines with a 4 to 8-membered ring have been synthesized by dehydrocyanation of the corresponding α-aminonitriles.
Preferential synthesis of ethanol from syngas via dimethyl oxalate hydrogenation over an integrated catalyst
Authors: Shang Xin , Huang Huijiang , Han Qiao , Xu Yan , Zhao Yujun , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin
Published: April 2019

A novel, simple and efficient integrated catalyst exhibits an extremely high selectivity of 98% to ethanol in gas-phase hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate.
Ln(iii)-Containing polyoxomolybdates based on β-{Mo8O28}: microwave synthesis and optical and magnetic properties
Authors: Zhao Yanxin , Chen Shumin , Ji Yanfang , Singh Vikram , Ma Pengtao , Lu Jingkun , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: April 2019

The reactant mother liquor can be obtained by 600 watt microwave irradiation for 15 minutes. Under ultraviolet irradiation, these two compounds can undergo the photochromic process, and the fading process can occur after the ultraviolet irradiation was turned off.
Palladium-catalysed regioselectiveN-arylation of anthranilamides: a tandem route for dibenzodiazepinone synthesis
Authors: Laha Joydev K. , Manral Neelam , Hunjan Mandeep Kaur
Published: April 2019

A palladium-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-aminobenzamide and 1,2-dihaloarenes for the synthesis of dibenzodiazepinoneviadoubleN-arylations (inter and intra-molecular) has been achieved.
A nanozyme-based cascade colorimetric aptasensor for amplified detection of ochratoxin A
Authors: Tian Fengyu , Zhou Jing , Jiao Bining , He Yue
Published: April 2019

A sensitive colorimetric aptasensor has been developed based on structure-switching of an OTA aptamer coupled with an alkaline phosphatase-MnO2 cascade catalytic reaction.
Correction: A facile method for synthesizing CuS decorated Ti3C2 MXene with enhanced performance for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Pan Zhihu , Cao Fa , Hu Xing , Ji Xiaohong
Published: April 2019

Correction for ‘A facile method for synthesizing CuS decorated Ti3C2 MXene with enhanced performance for asymmetric supercapacitors’ by Zhihu Pan et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9ta00085b.
Microarray profiling of lung long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mouse model
Authors: Wang Juan , Shen Yong-Chun , Chen Zhen-Ni , Yuan Zhi-Cheng , Wang Hao , Li Da-Jiang , Liu Kai , Wen Fu-Qiang
Published: April 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various biological processes as well as many respiratory diseases, while the role of lncRNAs in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. The present study aimed to profile the expression of lung lncRNAs and mRNAs in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to LPS or phosphate-buffered saline for 24 h, and lncRNAs and mRNAs were profiled by Arraystar mouse LncRNA Array V3.0. Bioinformatics analysis gene ontology including (GO) and pathway analysis and cell study in vitro was used to investigate potential mechanisms. Based on the microarray results, 2632 lncRNAs and 2352 mRNAs were differentially expressed between ALI and control mice. The microarray results were confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results of ten randomized selected lncRNAs. GO analysis showed that the altered mRNAs were mainly related to the processes of immune system, immune response and defense response. Pathway analysis suggests that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor pathway, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction may be involved in ALI. LncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis indicated that one individual lncRNA may interact with several mRNAs, and one individual mRNA may also interact with several lncRNAs. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for ENSMUST00000170214.1, - ENSMUST00000016031.13 significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results found significant changes of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the lungs of LPS-induced ALI mouse model, and intervention targeting lncRNAs may attenuate LPS-induced inflammation, which may help to elucidate the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of ALI.
Silencing of hsa_circ_0004771 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast cancer through activation of miR-653 by targeting ZEB2 signaling pathway
Authors: Xie Rong , Tang Jing , Zhu Xianmin , Jiang Hui
Published: April 2019

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported as the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to sponge microRNAs (miRNAs) implicating in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. However, the functions of circRNAs in breast cancer have not been completely clarified. In the present study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in breast cancer tumor tissues, and their roles and downstream targets were investigated in the progression of breast cancer. Methods: High-throughput circRNA sequencing was performed to detect the differentially expressed circRNAs. The CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to measure the cell viability and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Gene and protein expression were assayed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Results: hsa_circ_0004771 and Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) expression levels were up-regulated and positively correlated in breast cancer tumor tissues. In addition, the expression levels of miR-653 were reduced in breast cancer tumor tissues. We also found that hsa_circ_0004771 functioned as a sponge of miR-653 to inhibit its expression. miR-653 as a post-transcriptional regulator down-regulated the expression of ZEB2 by binding to its 3′-UTR. Interestingly, a significant inverse correlation was observed between miR-653 and hsa_circ_0004771 or ZEB2 expression in breast cancer tumor tissues. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0004771 and ZEB2 served as equally authentic of miR-653 mimics to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Hsa_circ_0004771/miR-653/ZEB2 regulatory feedback revealed a new molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, which might provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
Octamer binding transcription factor-4 expression is associated with cervical cancer malignancy and histological differentiation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Zi-ye , Liu Xiao-bo , Yang Feng-mei , Liu Ling , Zhao Jin-zhang , Gao Bo , Li Sheng-bao
Published: April 2019

Objective: In this work, the relationship between octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4) expression and the clinicopathological features of cervical cancer (CC) is evaluated in detail.

Methods: The library databases Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library, Wan Fang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for research related to these concepts published from the time the databases were established until May 2018. The obtained studies are screened, extracted, and evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and meta-analysis is carried out via RevMan 5.3.

Results: Ten case–control studies, including 408 cases of CC, 164 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 148 cases of normal cervix, are included in the analysis. Results show that OCT-4 levels are statistically significantly different between the CC and normal cervical tissue groups (odds ratio (OR) = 15.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.70, 27.94), the CC and CIN groups (OR = 5.64, 95% CI: 3.23, 9.86), the CIN and normal cervical tissues groups (OR = 7.13, 95% CI: 2.41, 21.05), and the CC well/moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated groups (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.81). OCT-4 is not statistically significantly different between CIN I + II and CIN III tissues (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.81), the CC lymphatic and non-lymphatic metastasis groups (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.83, 4.47), the FIGO I and FIGO II groups (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.29, 2.13), and the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma groups (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 0.70, 3.44).

Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that OCT-4 expression is associated with CC malignancy and histological differentiation. This finding, however, is subject to quantitative studies and quality tests.
Mechanisms of natural resistance of Balb/c mice to experimental liver amoebiasis
Authors: Cortes Azucena , Nequiz Mario , Sandoval Janeth , Mendoza Edith , Gudiño Marco , López-Velázquez Gabriel , Enríquez-Flores Sergio , Saavedra Emma , Pérez-Tamayo Ruy , Olivos-García Alfonso
Published: April 2019

Entamoeba histolytica is the parasite responsible for human amoebiasis. The analysis of the natural resistance mechanisms of some rodents to amoebic liver abscess (ALA) may reveal alternative pathogenicity mechanisms to those previously discovered in the experimental model of ALA in hamsters. In this work the natural resistance of BALB/c mice to ALA was explored by performing: (i) in vivo chemotaxis analysis with a specifically designed chamber; (ii) in vitro amoebic survival in fresh and decomplemented serum; (iii) histological temporal course analysis of ALA development in mice with different treatments (hypocomplementemic, hyperimmune and treated with iNOS and NADPH oxidase inhibitors) and (iv) mouse liver amoebic infection by both in situ implantation of ALA from hamsters and inoculation of parasites into the peritoneal cavity. The results show that E. histolytica clearance from the mouse liver is related to a low chemotactic activity of complement, which results in poor inflammatory response and parasite inability to cause tissue damage. Also, the absence of amoebic tropism for the mouse liver is correlated with resistance to experimental liver amoebiasis.
New frontiers in the treatment of comorbid cardiovascular disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Brassington Kurt , Selemidis Stavros , Bozinovski Steven , Vlahos Ross
Published: April 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterised by persistent airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and is currently the fourth leading cause of death globally. It is now well established that cardiovascular-related comorbidities contribute to morbidity and mortality in COPD, with approximately 50% of deaths in COPD patients attributed to a cardiovascular event (e.g. myocardial infarction). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and COPD share various risk factors including hypertension, sedentarism, smoking and poor diet but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully established. However, there is emerging and compelling experimental and clinical evidence to show that increased oxidative stress causes pulmonary inflammation and that the spill over of pro-inflammatory mediators from the lungs into the systemic circulation drives a persistent systemic inflammatory response that alters blood vessel structure, through vascular remodelling and arterial stiffness resulting in atherosclerosis. In addition, regulation of endothelial-derived vasoactive substances (e.g. nitric oxide (NO)), which control blood vessel tone are altered by oxidative damage of vascular endothelial cells, thus promoting vascular dysfunction, a key driver of CVD. In this review, the detrimental role of oxidative stress in COPD and comorbid CVD are discussed and we propose that targeting oxidant-dependent mechanisms represents a novel strategy in the treatment of COPD-associated CVD.
Enhancing Clinical Supervision Using High-Definition Real-Time Digital Recording, Annotation, and Bluetooth Technology
Authors: Means Jennifer W. , McCaffrey Casey
Published: April 2019

Purpose

The use of real-time recording technology for clinical instruction allows student clinicians to more easily collect data, self-reflect, and move toward independence as supervisors continue to provide continuation of supportive methods. This article discusses how the use of high-definition real-time recording, Bluetooth technology, and embedded annotation may enhance the supervisory process. It also reports results of graduate students' perception of the benefits and satisfaction with the types of technology used.

Method

Survey data were collected from graduate students about their use and perceived benefits of advanced technology to support supervision during their 1st clinical experience.

Results

Survey results indicate that students found the use of their video recordings useful for self-evaluation, data collection, and therapy preparation. The students also perceived an increase in self-confidence through the use of the Bluetooth headsets as their supervisors could provide guidance and encouragement without interrupting the flow of their therapy sessions by entering the room to redirect them.

Conclusions

The use of video recording technology can provide opportunities for students to review: videos of prospective clients they will be treating, their treatment videos for self-assessment purposes, and for additional data collection. Bluetooth technology provides immediate communication between the clinical educator and the student. Students reported that the result of that communication can improve their self-confidence, perceived performance, and subsequent shift toward independence.
3D scanning and analysis of acquired data of historically and culturally significant objects referring to the work of Adalbert Stifter
Authors: Dědič Martin
Published: April 2019

The aim of the paper is to bring new findings from ongoing specific university research. Within this project, the light scanner scanned historically and culturally significant objects referring to the work of Czech-Austrian writer Adalbert Stifter in South Bohemia and Lower Austria. It also analyzed the data obtained with the light 3D scanner. The data was generated as a cloud of points. With respect to object´s size, multiple parts of each object were scanned individually. By combining individual scans and removing unwanted points (noise), models - digital twins of objects - were developed. Created models are valuable for their use for virtual tours of historically and culturally significant places. The final models were modified for printing on a 3D printer, where they were subsequently printed.
Optimization of insulation in ventilated hinged facade systems
Authors: Maltseva Irina , Elokhov Aleksandr , Borisov Vitaliy , Verkhovskiy Alexey
Published: April 2019

The system of hinged ventilated facades is available for a long time and is now widely used in the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings for various purposes. As practice shows, the problems associated with the operation of these facade systems are usually caused by mistakes in the design, selection of components and installation of the system. Ventilated facade is a multi-layered enclosing structure, which includes a layer of insulation. Mineral wool slabs are ideal for this facade system, as it has low thermal conductivity, resistance to temperature changes and excellent vapor permeability, which allows to fully open the potential of a ventilated air layer. In the article two ways of installation of thermal insulation are considered: single-layer and two-layer with different types of air interlayer: closed, weakly and strongly ventilated. In accordance with the requirements of Russian and European regulatory documents, the effect of gaps between the thermal insulation plates in a single-layer and two-layer design on the reduction of the heat transfer resistance of hinged facade systems with an air gap was estimated by calculating 2-dimensional temperature fields. The coefficient of thermotechnic uniformity was also defined. As a result, optimal variants of thermal insulation and types of bases for fixing thermal insulation are suggested.
Environmental aspect of maintenance of buildings with ETICS
Authors: Minarovičová Katarína
Published: April 2019

Treatment of existing External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) is based mainly on chemical methods while environmental impacts are not clear. Currently used finishes of ETICS contain biocides as a prevention measure against biocorrosion. Uncontrolled leaching of biocides is not longer acceptable. Research on new technologies without uncontrolled release of biocides is developing, however, new system solutions are not known yet. Principles of sustainability must be regarded when applying the concept of ETICS maintenance.
Decarbonylation through Aldehydic C–H Bond Cleavage by a Cationic Iridium Catalyst
Authors: Shirai Tomohiko , Sugimoto Kazuki , Iwasaki Masaya , Sumida Ryuki , Fujita Harunori , Yamamoto Yasunori
Published: April 2019

We report the decarbonylation of aldehydes through an aldehydic C–H bond cleavage catalyzed by a cationic iridium/bisphosphine catalyst. The reaction proceeds under relatively mild conditions to give the corresponding hydrocarbon products in moderate to high yields. In addition, this cationic iridium catalyst system can be applied to an asymmetric hydroacylation of ketones.
Improved wireless power transfer efficiency with non-perfect lenses
Authors: Harris William Carter , Stancil Daniel D. , Ricketts David S.
Published: April 2019

Negative refractive index metamaterials (MMs) have found widespread interest in shaping electromagnetic waves. One attractive area is energy transfer using low frequency magnetic waves or wireless power transfer (WPT). Previous reports have presented an isotropic metamaterial with μr = −1 as a “perfect lens” to focus energy and enhance WPT efficiency. In this work, we show that, while the perfect lens condition does enhance efficiency, anisotropic MMs with μr ≠ −1 can provide a larger enhancement in efficiency. These “non-perfect” lenses offer higher efficiency by enhancing the coupled field while incurring lower losses in the magnetostatic waves excited in or on the materials.
An accurate semi-empirical potential model for the a  3Σu+ state of the alkali dimers Na2, K2, Rb2, and Cs2 which reproduces the scattering length
Authors: Bauer Jurek B. , Toennies J. Peter
Published: April 2019

A new four parameter Tang-Toennies type potential model is described for the a  3Σu+ triplet state of the alkali dimers Na2, K2, Rb2, and Cs2. Compared to an earlier three parameter semi-empirical model based on the experimental well depth, De, well location, Re, and the harmonic vibrational frequency, ωe [Lau et al., J. Chem. Phys. 145, 194308 (2016)], the new model is also adjusted to be consistent with the scattering length. The results are shown to have a similar good agreement with the spectroscopic term values as the earlier model with the advantage that the scattering length is properly described. The deviations from recent potentials for Cs2 are discussed.
Solid-state thermal energy storage using reversible martensitic transformations
Authors: Sharar Darin J. , Donovan Brian F. , Warzoha Ronald J. , Wilson Adam A. , Leff Asher C. , Hanrahan Brendan M.
Published: April 2019

The identification and use of reversible Martensitic transformations, typically described as shape memory transformations, as a class of metallic solid-solid phase change materials are experimentally demonstrated here. Direct evidence of repeatable temperature leveling (9%–25% reduction in peak temperature rise) during transient heating and cooling using NiTi was obtained by cyclic Joule-heating in a simulated thermal energy storage application. Compared to standard solid-solid materials and solid-liquid paraffin, these experimental results show that shape memory alloys provide up to a two order of magnitude higher figure of merit (FOM). To calculate the material FOM and determine the crystal structure, direct measurements of latent heat, thermal conductivity, density, and diffraction were performed. Beyond these experimental results, a review of >75 binary NiTi and NiTi-based ternary and quaternary alloys in the literature shows that shape memory alloys can be tuned in a wide range of transformation temperatures (from −50 to 500 °C), latent heats (up to 35.1 J/g), and thermal conductivities (from 15.6 to 28 W/m K). This can be accomplished by changing the Ni and Ti balance, introducing trace elements, leveraging intermediate R-phase transitions, and/or by thermomechanical processing. Combining excellent corrosion resistance, formability, high strength and ductility, high thermal performance, cyclic stability, and tunability, shape memory alloys represent a class of exceptional phase change materials that circumvent many of the scientific and engineering challenges hindering progress in this field.
Isomorph-based empirically modified hypernetted-chain approach for strongly coupled Yukawa one-component plasmas
Authors: Tolias P. , Lucco Castello F.
Published: April 2019

Isomorph theory is employed in order to establish a mapping between the bridge function of Coulomb and Yukawa one-component plasmas. Within an exact invariance ansatz for the bridge functions and by capitalizing on the availability of simulation-extracted Coulomb bridge functions, an analytical Yukawa bridge function is derived which is inserted into the integral theory framework. In spite of its simplicity and computational speed, the proposed integral approach exhibits an excellent agreement with computer simulations of dense Yukawa liquids without invoking adjustable parameters.
Valence fluctuations and giant isotropic negative thermal expansion in Sm1–x
R
xS (R = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd)
Authors: Asai D. , Mizuno Y. , Hasegawa H. , Yokoyama Y. , Okamoto Y. , Katayama N. , Suzuki H. S. , Imanaka Y. , Takenaka K.
Published: April 2019

The valence fluctuations of Sm in samarium monosulfide (SmS) are known to induce possible large isotropic negative thermal expansion (NTE), but difficulty in crystal growth prevents establishment of the NTE function. For this study, we prepared Ce-doped and Nd-doped SmS polycrystalline samples using a simpler method with much lower reaction temperature than the existing method. Typically, Sm0.80Ce0.20S exhibits giant NTE with total volume change of 2.6% in the wide temperature range from 330 K to 100 K, the lowest covered here. Achievement of giant NTE in a low-cost polycrystalline form paves the way for practical applications of this class of sulfides as a thermal-expansion compensator.
Enhancing oxygen delivery to ovarian follicles by three different methods markedly improves growth in serum-containing culture medium
Authors: Connolly J. M. , Kane M. T. , Quinlan L. R. , Hynes A. C.
Published: April 2019

Invitro ovarian follicle culture systems are routinely used to study folliculogenesis and may provide solutions for infertility. Mouse follicles are typically cultured in standard gas-impermeable culture plates under gas phase oxygen concentrations of 5% or 20% (v/v). There is evidence that these conditions may not provide adequate oxygenation for follicles cultured as non-attached intact units in medium supplemented with serum and high levels of FSH. Three different methods of enhancing follicle oxygenation were investigated in this study: increasing the gas phase oxygen concentration, inverting the culture plates and using gas-permeable culture plates. Follicles cultured under 40% O2 were significantly larger (P<0.01), had increased ovulation rates (P<0.0001) and produced more oestradiol (P<0.05) than follicles cultured under 20% O2. These effects were associated with reduced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (P<0.05) and lactate (P<0.05), and reduced expression of hypoxia-related genes. Increasing oxygen delivery with gas-permeable plates or by culture plate inversion also improved follicle growth (P<0.01). An important aspect of enhancing oxygen delivery in this culture system is that it allows development of three-dimensional spherical mouse follicles over 6 days in serum- and FSH-supplemented medium to sizes comparable to invivo-matured follicles (~500μm in diameter). Such follicular development is not possible under hypoxic conditions.
Mutations in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein can broadly rescue blocks at multiple steps in the virus replication cycle
Authors: Van Duyne Rachel , Kuo Lillian S. , Pham Phuong , Fujii Ken , Freed Eric O.
Published: April 2019

Significance

HIV-1 adapts over time to bypass blocks imposed by genetic lesions in the viral genome, typically by acquiring compensatory mutations in the defective gene itself. Here we report that HIV-1 can evade replication blocks by acquiring mutations in the envelope (Env) glycoprotein that enhance cell-to-cell transmission. We identified mutations in Env that arose in the presence of the antiretroviral inhibitor Dolutegravir, thereby circumventing restriction. These data, which demonstrate that mutations in Env can provide escape from an anti–HIV-1 drug in vitro, could have broad implications for HIV-1 drug resistance and viral transmission.
Language and (in)hospitality
Authors: Vigouroux Cécile B.
Published: April 2019

Based on a long-term ethnography of Sub-Saharan African migrants in Cape Town, South Africa, this article examines how language as ideology and practice shapes the rules of guesting and hosting and helps (re)configure the on-going positionalities of both the nation-state-defined-host and the foreigner-guest, making murky the distinction between the two. The key notion ofhospitalitydeveloped here is examined aspracticesrather than asidentities.I argue that this theoretical shift makes it possible to unsettle the host and guest positions by not positing them a priori or conceptualizing them as immutable. It likewise makes it possible to deconstruct the categories imposed by the State and by which scholars and policy makers alike abide, such as the dichotomy betweenmigrantsandlocals. At a broader level, the paper draws attention to the Occidentalism that has plagued academia, particularly in the work done on migration. I show how the South African case challenges many scholarly assumptions on language and migration overwhelmingly based on the examination of South-to-North migrations, which do not adequately represent worldwide migrations.
Absolute chronology of early sound changes reflected in Pre-Old English runic inscriptions
Authors: Waxenberger Gaby
Published: April 2019

This article presents an absolute chronology of the early major sound changes reflected in the Pre-Old English (Pre-OE) runic inscriptions. These inscriptions were written in the Pre-fuþorc, which was still close to the Common Germanicfuþark(= Olderfuþark) of 24 characters but was extended and modified during the Pre-OE period (ca. AD 425–610/650). The Caistor-by-Norwich Brooch (ca. AD 610–650) marks the beginning of Old English (OE) because the new and modified runes –ᚩ o,ᚪa,ᛟœ,ᚨæ – with their new phonemic sound-values appear together for the first time. All the relevant sound-changes were completed by then. The Pre-OE and also the Pre-Old Frisian (Pre-OFris.) data reveal four phases of development. In my proposed chronology phases one and four are straightforward, while phases two and three are more complex, with two scenarios being possible.
Reduction of unstressed vowels in Proto-Frisian and the Germanic ‘Auslautgesetze’
Authors: Versloot Arjen P.
Published: April 2019

The quantitative reduction and loss of Proto-Germanic vowels during the transition from some form of Common North West Germanic to the attested ‘Old’ languages, such as Old English and Old Frisian, is a complicated process, interfering with morphological restructuring processes. Various reconstructions have been presented, the most extensive one byBoutkan (1995). Scrutiny of the Runic Frisian data, from the period ca. 500–800, shows that especially the apocope of PWGmc *-aand of *-u< PGmc *-ōshould be positioned much later in the relative chronology than envisaged by Boutkan. The order that can be derived from the Runic Frisian data reflects a gradual loss of one mora, running in a cline from the least salient to the most salient vowel, which provides a phonetic rationale for the development. This gradual mora reduction can be dated to the period between ca. 500 and 700. This absolute dating can have implications for phonological processes in which root vowels interact with the quality or quantity of the vowel in the following syllable.
Positioning and proximity of reader engagement
Authors: Jiang Feng (Kevin) , Ma Xiaohao
Published: April 2019

In this chapter we look at engagement by exploring how writers involve readers while expressing authorial identity in professional and apprentice genres. Based on a modified model of engagement features (Hyland 2005c; Hyland and Jiang 2016), this paper examines a 1.2 million-word corpus of 30 published research articles and 20 PhD confirmation reports in educational studies. We further relate the engagement features to the rhetorical strategies of proximity and positioning in the construction of authorial identity (Hyland 2012). Results show that journal articles include far more engagement devices than doctoral confirmation reports, while PhD writers express a higher degree of proximity than professional experts. Thus different authorial identities impact the patterns and strategies of reader engagement in academic persuasion.
Authorial engagement in business emails
Authors: Carrió-Pastor María Luisa
Published: April 2019

The objectives of this chapter are to contrast the ways in which businesspeople communicate according to their linguistic background and to analyse how writers with different cultural environments transmit information to readers. The specific focus will be on whether writers in a business context use strategies originating from their cultural/linguistic background or they try to adapt to their readers in order to engage and persuade them. To this end, I compiled a corpus of a hundred and fourteen emails written in English by two groups of business managers, one Spanish and the other Chinese. After the analysis of the data, I found that the Spanish writers of English used more attitude and engagement markers in business emails than the Chinese writers. It may be concluded that authors with different mother tongues use different attitudinal and engagement strategies in English as a lingua franca.
Patients engaging their doctors in the doctor-patient relationship
Authors: Woodward-Kron Robyn , Wilson Emily , Gall Jane
Published: April 2019

Patient-centred care is considered a cornerstone of effective healthcare. It is an approach that acknowledges the patient as a person rather than a disease and that views the doctor-patient relationship as an alliance. This chapter examines the contributions of patients as co-participants in patient-centred care through a case study of a general practice in Australia: data are 15 audio-recorded doctor-patient consultations which were analysed for features of casual conversation, informed by a functional model of language. The findings suggest that patients actively engaged in contributing to the doctor-patient relationship through social talk, humour, laughter, and reciprocity. Implications are that the construct of ‘relationship-centred care’ may be a better way of envisaging how patients and doctors can collaborate for healthcare goals.
“Let’s have that conversation on next quarter’s call”
Authors: Crawford Camiciottoli Belinda
Published: April 2019

In this chapter, I analyse markers of engagement/disengagement used by company executives and financial analysts in two corpora of earnings conference calls that took place before the 2008 global financial crisis (Pre-crisis corpus), and in late 2009 when the crisis was still ongoing (Crisis corpus). Deontic modals with accompanying pronouns were the most frequent form of engagement, while disengagement was encoded mainly by verbal processes marked with negation. Both engagement and disengagement markers were more prominent in the Crisis corpus, suggesting a strategic usage by the participants to achieve distinct professional objectives vis-à-vis a challenging economic environment. The study builds on previous research that highlights the complex interactional dynamics of the earnings call as a high-stakes communicative event (cf. Crawford Camiciottoli 2013).
Multiplying engagement
Authors: Fryer Daniel Lees
Published: April 2019

This paper explores how the textual voice in an online medical research article engages and positions itself with respect to other voices in the communicative context. Taking a systemic-functional, social-semiotic approach, I examine engagement intersemiotically, with regard to the deployment and integration of visual and verbal resources; interstratally, from the levels of (lexico-)grammar (‘from below’) and genre and ideology (‘from above’); and logogenetically, as the text unfolds. The analysis suggests a text that variously opens and closes dialogic space as the textual voice seeks to (dis)align the reader with various positions construed in the text. Some of those positionings cannot be fully appreciated without an intersemiotic perspective, making it an essential part of understanding how experts engage through specialized genres.
Researchers’ move from page to screen
Authors: Engberg Jan , Maier Carmen Daniela
Published: April 2019

The present study belongs to an extensive project that explores how academic knowledge is mediated through new generic structures and publishing formats and provides data comprising research video articles from JoVE, the international Journal of Visualized Experiments.

In order to deal with the implications of video formats in web contexts upon academic user engagement and knowledge building processes, we adopt a multimodal (inter)action approach in our analysis. We show how exploiting the complex hypermodal configurations contribute to changes in the balance of various types of knowledge and to the potential building of new ones. We also show that by embedding the video in a hypermodal context urges academic users to increase their engagement with the article in unprecedented ways.
Recruitment websites and the socialization of new employees
Authors: Breeze Ruth
Published: April 2019

The complex culture of the large corporation today is mainly shaped by persuasive rather than coercive means. In its messages, the company moulds its own identity and proposes roles for the different players through discourse, providing the information that is considered appropriate to each addressee, and suggesting what behaviours are desirable or acceptable. This trend is most intense at the beginning of a person’s life with the firm. How a corporate body engages with would-be and recent recruits is of considerable interest to analysts who focus on the workings of discourse in society. This chapter explores the system of engagement operating multimodally in the recruitment and careers websites of twenty high-profile companies.
Gestural silence
Authors: Fogarty-Bourget Chloë G. , Artemeva Natasha , Fox Janna
Published: April 2019

This chapter reports on a study of multimodal engagement strategies used by instructors while performing chalk talk, the genre of university mathematics lecture. Relying on multimodal data, the study examines how university mathematics instructors engage students in chalk talk through gestures, writing on the chalkboard, and speech. One of the engagement strategies identified in the study is the use of gestural silence, or the absence of the instructor’s hand movement, intended to engage students in doing mathematics. The study indicates that such multimodal engagement strategies appear to be shaped by the embodied nature of discipline-specific genres.