bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use-Pole Bamboo Raft Foundation With Full-Scale Model Test Of Deformation Causeway Makassar New Port
Authors: Kakerissa Yance , Akbar Muh. , Utary Chitra
Published: July 2020

The number of buildings or constructions which are at the planning or implementation stage can not be allowed to avoid land base in the form of clay, then, of course, it takes geotechnical engineering to solve the problem by improving the native land so hopefully not happen settlement or deformation. Awareness of the importance of the soil remediation process before building construction on it be an idea to use bamboo as a material provision of soil reinforcement. This research was conducted with the full-scale reinforcement and the raft bamboo poles on the ground with a mounting base plate and observations settlement every day. From the results of modeling on the field at the U-50% condition waiting period ranges from 10-14 days, on the condition of the U-90% the waiting time ranges from 40-55 days, on the condition of the U-95% the waiting time ranges from 53-72 days and the condition of the U-99% the waiting time ranges from 83-115 days. Based on observations in the field, the final drop-readable embankment around 545 mm with a time of consolidation U-90% for 59 days. The results showed that retrofitting with bamboo raft poles can reduce the decline to 60.70%.
Redesign Runway Strip With Evaluate The Geometry, Cut and Fill-In, and CBR at Mopah Airport
Authors: Akbar Muh. , Utary Chitra , M. Rada Yulia Helena
Published: July 2020

Mopah airport has one runway that is supported by an apron which is located at a distance of 472 m from touch down to the size of 18.560 m2. Apron between the runway with two lines connected to the taxiway. One of the airside facilities Mopah Merauke airport is the runway strip that serves as a countermeasure state of emergency when the air out of the runway failure when landing or taking off. the objective of this study is to redesign the runway strip by evaluating geometric, cut and fill and CBR in Merauke Mopah Airportusing KP. 39 in 2015, KP. 93 The year 2015 and KP. 576 in 2011. The data taken is the carrying capacity of the soil and ground elevation using test equipment Theodolite and Dynamic Cone Parameter. Results of testing the design of the runway strip Merauke Mopah Airport with dimensions of the runway with a length of 2500 m and a width of 45 m with the code type “4.C”, obtained the runway strip width of 150 m plan right side and the left side of 150 m. CBR value of research in getting 9.93% which comply with minimum CBR value that is 6%, and a transverse slope of the runway strip elevation plan by 0.8%, to meet the slope of the runway strip elevation plan of each cross-section the importance of the volume of cut and fill with amounting to 174,205.00 m3 to 3008.80 m3 excavation and embankments.
Analysis of Noise Pollution due to Traffic Volume Based on The Types of Automotive Vehicles: A Study of West Surabaya Region
Authors: Kamandang Zetta Rasullia , Wibisana Hendrata , Casita Cintantya Budi
Published: July 2020

Noise pollution often disturbs the people surrounding. The noise levels caused by traffic volume of automotive vehicles is one of the common causes. In order to examine the correlation of automotive vehicles with noise levels, this study implements linear and multiple regression methods into six case study locations in West Surabaya region that has dynamic of both economy and society. This study concludes that based on the obtained R square results, heavy vehicles (HV) has 70,80% of influence contribution with noise levels on the case study locations. It indicates that HV has the largest part in influencing the noise pollution compared to motorcycle (MC) and light vehicles (LV) that has 66,63% and 30,21%. On the other hand, for every 10% of MC, LV and HV volume increasing, the noise levels also increase by 1,726%, 2,032%, and 1,733% respectively. The correlation of MC, LV and HV vehicles with noise levels is represented in dB = 0,0025mc – 0,0056lv + 0,56hv + 49,539 of multiple regression model.
Construction of Collaboration Model of Supply Chain Management on Business Performance and Sustainable Competitive Advantage Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Method
Authors: Waluyo Mohammad Rachman , Nurfajriah  , Swantoro Haris Adi , Filbert Evan , Imanda Pinta
Published: July 2020

Supply chain management strategies can be used to collaborate between members of the supply chain through supply chain collaboration (SCC). Supply chain collaboration can be made using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM is a statistical modeling technique to test the relationship between complex variables to obtain a comprehensive picture of the overall model. The method in this study is included in the type of causal research, where the population involves all ICON + employees from the group leader level to managers and employees who have and know the process of procurement of goods and services. The size of the sample is based on the maximum likelihood, which is greater than or equal to 100. The results of this study show 6 hypotheses proposed by the researchers. The result is 1 non-significant variable as a factor affecting supply chain collaboration, namely the Trust variable, while Communication, Commitment and Dependency have a significant influence on collaboration supply chain, the results of this study also answer research gaps previously carried out by (Stefany et al., 2014) which state that dependence has no significant effect on supply chain collaboration.
The Use of The Edmodo Application in Blended Learning to Improve Cognitive Abilities of Senior High School Students
Authors: Nurvitasari E , Sumanik N B , Maarebia R Z , Rettob A L
Published: July 2020

This study aims to improve the cognitive abilities of students of High School 3 Merauke through the use of the Edmodo application in blended learning on the learning of hydrocarbon material chemistry. This research is a classroom action research. The object in this study is the students’ cognitive abilities. The research subjects were students of class XI MIPA 7 High School 3 Merauke. The results showed that the use of Edmodo applications in blended learning on the learning of hydrocarbon chemistry material can improve students ‘cognitive abilities with the percentage of classical completeness of students’ cognitive abilities reaching 76.47% in cycle I and 85.29% in cycle II.
Increasing the quality of virgin coconut oil (vco) using activated carbon adsorbent from candlenut shell (Aleurites mollucana)
Authors: Parlindungan J Y , Hitijahubessy H , Pongkendek J J , Sumanik N B , Rettob A L
Published: July 2020

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is one of the product from coconuts. VCO has many benefits in health and industry. One method of making the VCO is often used today is the fermentation. Today many domestic industries produce virgin coconut oil (VCO) but in fact, the industry has not been all good in terms of quality. The use of activated carbon from candlenut shells as an adsorbent to increase the quality of VCO has studied. The parameters tested were water content, free fatty acid, and peroxide. The results showed a decline in water levels from 0.1655% to 0.0597%, peroxide number decrease from 0.1991% to 0.0991%, and the free fatty acid content of 0.4186% to 0.366%.
Moisture Reduction on Essential Oil with Batch Distillation Process from A Polianthes Tuberos
Authors: Sari N K , Ernawati D , Wurjani W
Published: July 2020

Polyanthes tuberos mostly used as cut flowers, with limited time, many flowers become rotten and wasted as garbage, sought another alternative to the utilization it is an essential oil, with distillation process to produce essential oils. The results obtained in the distillation process are each adsorbent giving the results of a mixture of vegetable fats and animals with a moisture content of 0.2169%, the amount of water content indicating the level of hardness of adsorbent. The essential oil obtained crystal clear yellow, a very strong distinctive smell of them, did not leave the place on the filter paper and the results obtained 4.279%. The distillation process is a good technique for the acquisition of essential oils from it is with a water content of 0.11%,
Production of Maltodextrin from Cocoyams (Xanthosoma Sagittifolium) Starch Using A-Amylase Enzyme
Authors: Rosida D F , Djajati S , Susanti F S
Published: July 2020

Indonesia has many food crops that can be optimally developed. The developing of cocoyams tuber can be done to improve the economic value. The production of maltodextrin by modifying starch using the α-amylase enzyme. Maltodextrin is used in the food industry as a substitute for food, thickener, and fillers. So far, many starch-modified products was resulted from cassava tubers. The starch of cocoyams (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) can be developed as maltoodextrin. The cocoyams starch content 50.82% and amylose 18.18%. The aim of study was to produce maltodextrin from cocoyams tuber. In this study using the α-amylase enzyme by treating the volume of the α-amylase and incubation time to hydrolyze the cocoyams starch. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was volume of the α-amylase (0.10 mL, 0.12 mL and 0.14 mL) and the second factor was the incubation time (60, 90, and 120 minute). The best treatment were volume of α-amylase 0.14 ml and incubation time of 120 minutes. The best maltodextrin characteristic of cocoyams was moisture of 4.51%, DE 14.46, solubility 78,90%, reducing sugar 12,50%, starch 4,24%, amylose content 1,95%, swelling power 8,86 (g/g) and yield 96,85%.
Reduction Of Pb And Cr Levels In Paper Industrial Liquid Waste With Ion Exchange Method
Authors: Wahyusi K N , Utami L I , Aprilio S , Fergina N
Published: July 2020

Paper and pulp industry factory is a factory that contributes to national economic development because paper needs per year can reach 100 million tons. But not only the positive impact is given, the negative impact is present because it produces considerable waste. The paper industry’s liquid waste is one of the many wastes containing a lot of metal, for example hexavalent Pb and Cr heavy metals. It is necessary to reduce according to government standards in order to reduce negative impacts on the environment. One way to reduce Pb and Cr levels is ion exchange using cation resin 500 ml paper liquid waste mixed with cation resin at a volume and weight ratio of 10: 0.0017; 10: 0,0034; 10: 0,0068; 10: 0,0136; and 10: 0.0272. Mixing is done with a 190 rpm stirrer motor and the variation of time used is 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes. The best treatment at a ratio of 10: 0.0272 with a time of 20 minutes. The results obtained by Pb and Cr decreased by 94% from the initial level.
Synthesis of Tricalcium Phosphate From Eggshells with Precipitation Method
Authors: Sani S , Muljani S , Astuti D , Mardayana R , Alfiyani V D
Published: July 2020

Calcium phosphate compounds are one of the biomaterials that are widely used for bone reconstruction because they are biocompatible and have a chemical composition that is close to the inorganic components present in the bone. Two types of calcium phosphate that are widely applied to the bone reconstruction process are hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2) and β-Tricalcium Phosphate (Ca3 (PO4)2). This research develops the manufacture of β-Tricalcium Phosphate by reacting calcium compounds derived from chicken eggshells and phosphate sources derived from dinatrium phosphate (Na2HPO4) using precipitation method which is carried out with variations in sintering temperature 600 to 1000 °C and sintering time of 1 to 5 h. The results of X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed that the Ca / P ratio obtained was 1.74, at the sintering temperature of 1000 °C and the sintering time for 5 h. These results have approached a standard where the ratio of Ca / P on Tricalcium Phosphate is 1.5. While based on the results of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis that in the sample formed two types of Calcium Phosphate namely β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite so that it can be said that the product produced is Biphase Calcium Phosphate. The high percentage of β-Tricalcium Phosphate is 81.9% with the 3 highest peaks, namely at the angle 2θ of 27.83; 31.03; 34.42 is obtained at the sintering temperature of 1000 °C and at the sintering time is 5 h.
Mathematical Model of the Water Quality in Tlogo Ampel Watershed
Authors: Hariono Budi , Wijaya Rizza , Wibowo Michael Joko , Dian Widianta Moh.Munih
Published: July 2020

The observation station of the study is placed at one point of Tlogo Ampel River in Wonokoyo Village, Kapongan Subdistrict, Situbondo Regency with location of 7°70’44 “South Latitude and 114°08’99” East Longitude. Tlogo Ampel River is one of the rivers that through the settlement of society and industry so that naturally experience of degradation of water quality. Sampling is done every month by the related institution that is Sampean River Basin Management Institute. To predict the value of water quality is needed mathematical model change the water quality of Tlogo Ampel watershed. The research parameters included pHysical properties (Temperature and TSS), organic chemical properties (pH, BOD, COD, DO, PO4P and NO3N) as well as microbiological properties (total coli and fecal coli). The results show the Polynomial equation of order 6 for parameters: temperature, TSS, pH, BOD, COD, DO, PO4P, NO3N, total coli and fecal coli respectively are : y = 0,0002x6 - 0,0078x5 + 0,1203x4 - 0,9031x3 + 3,4485x2 - 6,2299x + 27,595; y = -0,0027x6 + 0,1591x5 - 3,1236x4 + 27,249x3 - 108,22x2 + 157,53x + 46,997; y = 0,0002x6 - 0,0085x5 + 0,1342x4 - 1,0398x3 + 4,0441x2 - 7,4089x + 12,505; y = -0,0002x6 + 0,0032x5 + 0,0302x4 - 0,9626x3 + 6,8118x2 - 16,907x + 17,482; y = 0,0005x6 - 0,0328x5 + 0,7417x4 - 7,2595x3 + 31,838x2 - 55,407x + 47,365; y = -0,001x6 + 0,0406x5 - 0,6408x4 + 4,9244x3 - 18,785x2 + 31,901x - 11,853; y = -1E-05x6 + 0,0005x5 - 0,0098x4 + 0,0897x3 - 0,3839x2 + 0,6547x - 0,0902; y = 0,0004x6 - 0,0143x5 + 0,1694x4 - 0,9131x3 + 2,3917x2 - 3,2352x + 4,1306; y = 0,0035x6 - 0,269x5 + 6,3886x4 - 67,262x3 + 337,4x2 - 741,18x + 612,7; y = 0,0011x6 - 0,0963x5 + 2,2449x4 - 22,035x3 + 100,4x2 - 193,42x + 140,76
Optimal harvesting and stability of predator-prey model with holling type II predation respon function and stage-structure for predator
Authors: Pratama R A , Ruslau M F V , Suryani D R , Meirista E
Published: July 2020

This article develops mathematical models with structural stages from predators, immature and mature predators. The predation function of mature predators follows the Holling II response function. We assume that the immature predator population has the economic value, therefor the harvesting function is included in this model. In this model an analysis of the equilibrium point and stability of the interior equilibrium point is carried out. Analysis of the stability of the interior equilibrium points is done by linearization method and pay attention to the eigenvalues of the characteristics of the Jacobi matrix obtained. Analysis of equilibrium point stability is carried out before and after harvesting. The result is obtained by each of the three equilibrium points. At the equilibrium point of the interior with stable harvesting a local maximum profit analysis is obtained from the exploitation business. Based on the results of the analysis, it is obtained the value of harvesting business which provides a stable equilibrium point and maximum profit.
Determining Numbers of Coloring λ-Backbone On Split Graph
Authors: Tsulutsya Fatanur Baity , Alisah Evawati , Ilahi Lailiy Kurnia
Published: July 2020

Vertex coloring on a graph
G = (V (G), E(G)) giving color for each point on the graph so that there are no two connected directly the same color. A vertex coloring f from graph G is called coloring Backbone - λ of (G,H) if fulfilled |f(υ) – f(ν ≥ λ)|. The smallest number k where there is backbone coloring
f: V → {1,2,3,…,k} is called several Backbone coloring - λ and denoted by
BBC

λ
(G,H). A graph used in this research is a split graph. This paper presents the process or steps to determine coloring number λ-backbone on a split graph. As for the steps is as follows: determine split graphs, give 1 example of Spanning subgraph (Backbone) containing subgraphs complete maximum of split graphs and contains Hamilton trajectories and give a point coloring on the Hamilton trajectory backbone of the split graph.
Modeling and Resource Classification Lateritic Nickel Deposits on a Heterogeneous Block in The Haul-Sagu Area using Estimation and Simulation Geostatistical Method
Authors: Conoras W A K , Lamburu A A
Published: July 2020

Deposits modeling is a very important thing in the exploration field, especially in estimating reserves. This research was conducted to model the geometry of lateritic nickel ore deposition on heterogeneous blocks using the geostatistical estimation method Ordinary kriging (OK) and simulation methods namely, Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) then the distribution of laterite zonation was carried out to calculate the resource and mineral resource classification based on estimation data and simulation. The estimation results using the OK method have an average value of Ni higher than the average Ni grade from the SGS simulation results. Analysis of the calculation of total tonnage of resources from the estimated OK data shows the total amount of measured tonnage of 5,875 tons is far lower than the amount of resource tonnage from the SGS simulation data which displays the total amount of tonnage measured 189,766 tons. However the average grade of Ni from measured OK Resources is 1.49% higher, compared to the average Ni grades from measured resources of SGS 1.33%. with a difference of 0.16% Ni grades. The opposite occurs when the average Fe grade of the measured OK resource is lower 24.15% compared to the average Fe grade of the Measured resource of SGS 32.81% with a very large difference in Fe grade of 8.66%.
Essential Oil from A Satisfying Evening Flower with Enfleuration Process
Authors: Sari N K , Erydani A , Imannuril N J , Ernawati D , Wurjani W
Published: July 2020

A Satisfying evening flower (Polianthes Tuberos) is done concurrently as cut flowers, so that many flowers are rotten and wasted as garbage, the other utilization as essential oil. The influence of adsorbent and texture type Polianthes Tuberos to essential oil yield. The results showed that each adsorbent gave the yield of a mixture of vegetable and animal fat with a water content of 0.21%, the amount of water content indicates the hardness degree of the adsorbent. The essential oil obtained clear yellow, smells typical a very strong of them, does not leave spots on the filter paper and the yield obtained 4.279%. Enfleuration technique is a good technique for the intake of essential oils from flowers
Effect of Temulawak (curcuma zanthorrizha) Extracts Addition as Natural Antioxidant Against The Destruction of Palm Oil in Frying Process
Authors: Sarofa U , Winarti S , Rahayuningsih N
Published: July 2020

Curcumin that is extracted from Temulawak (curcuma zanthorrizha) is a natural source of antioxidants. It can be added in palm oil to reduce the destruction caused of heat in frying process. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor, each repeated 3 times and to know the difference was used the DMRT test. The research was conducted in two stages. First stage is to determine the best concentration of curcumin added into palm cooking oil (0 ppm, 300 ppm, 600 ppm, 900 ppm, 1200 ppm) while the second stage is to test the stability of curcumin in palm cooking oil used to fry for four times of frying. The results of the study showed that the best curcumin extract addition is concentration of 1200 ppm, where the cooking oil has characteristics iodine value of 60.790 gr I2 / 100 gr, peroxide number 1.033 mEq / Kg, free fatty acid 0.076%, moisture content 0.061%, smoke point 193.33C and antioxidant activity 62.469%. The results of the stability of curcumin extract on palm cooking oil during the fourth frying process were iodine value 60,509 gr I2 / 100 gr(0.36% decrease), peroxide number 1,798 mEq / Kg (59.39% increase), free fatty acid 0.096%( 12.94%increase), moisture content 0.245% (218.18%increase), smoke point 174,00C (6.70% decrease)and antioxidant activity (DPPH) 56,092%(6.93% decrease).
Photoinhibition of Algal Photobioreactor by Intense Light
Authors: Farahdiba A U , Cahyonugroho O , Nindhita S N , Hidayah E N
Published: July 2020

Algal photobioreactor is a translucent reactor equipped with media supply installation and gas emissions to cultivate microalgae with CO2. Alga as an autotroph organism, growth mechanism following photosynthesis system which use light exposure to develop and growth the algae cells. There are abiotic, such as light, and biotic factors. This study analyses the performance of Chlorella sp. within intense light intensity (6, 12, 18, and 24 hour) variable with using UV fluorescence. The environment condition and growth rate were analysed of microalgae in the photobioreactor. R reactor control have reducing performance to remove phosphate concentration. Nevertheless, is not clearly explain the direct connection between nutrient and light intensity. Algal growth influenced by the intense of light intensity (hours exposure), and likely will affect to nutrient concentration in the photobioreactor. Light intensities in this research is not directly affect to algal biomass production, while the light intensities might be low to enhance the biomass.
Assessment of the Effectiveness on Domestic Rainwater-harvesting Wells (SPAHUDO) in the Northern Area of Denpasar City – Bali Indonesia Through Ergo-Hydrogeology Approach
Authors: Sudiajeng L , Wiraga I , Mudhina M , Waisnawa I G N S , Sudiarsa I M
Published: July 2020

This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness on Domestic Recharge Wells that named (SPAHUDO). It’s designed as one of the output of long-term research (2013-2025) on the Model of Groundwater Conservation Program through Ergo-Hydrogeology approach. It synergized the hydrogeology approach, which is more focuses on the technical data of hydrogeology and geotechnical, while ergonomic approach is focuses on human aspect included in the research process, design, and product. The technical assessment of the effectiveness of SPAHUDO was conducted by using the basic formula of both hydrology and geotechnical, confirmed by user based ergonomic approach. The synergized between technically and human aspect is very important for sustainability of the implementation of SPAHUDO.
Making incremental progress: impacts of a REDD+ pilot initiative in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Bishnu P , Karky Bhaskar S , Nepal Mani , Pattanayak Subhrendu K , Sills Erin O , Shyamsundar Priya
Published: July 2020

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) encompasses a range of incentives for developing countries to slow, halt and reverse forest loss and associated forest carbon emissions. Where there is high dependence on biomass energy, cleaner cooking transitions are key to REDD+’s success. Given the poor track record of efforts to promote clean cooking, more evidence is needed on the potential for REDD+ to reduce unsustainable extraction of biomass energy. We present a quasi-experimental impact evaluation of REDD+ in Nepal. Unsurprisingly, we find little evidence of impacts on forest carbon in just two years. We do find that REDD+ reduced forest disturbance as measured by four plot-level indicators (signs of forest fire, soil erosion, encroachment and wildlife) that are predictive of future changes in net carbon emissions and reflective of reduced extraction pressure by households. While our analysis of household survey data does not show that REDD+ reduced harvest of forest products, we find some evidence that it reduced household dependence on firewood for cooking, possibly by increasing use of biogas. Thus, communities in Nepal appear to have improved conditions in their forests without undermining local benefits of those forests. To secure progress towards reduced emissions and improved livelihoods, interventions must be designed to effectively meet household energy needs.
Culture clash?
Authors: Bevan John
Published: July 2020

In response to Robert P Crease’s column “This is the critical point” (May pp21–22), in which he looks back at 20 years of Critical Point articles, and worries that physicists still don’t realize why the humanities are so important.
Net entanglement
Authors: Robinson Andrew
Published: July 2020

The Internet is now half a century old. Author and journalist James Ball's latest book The System: Who Owns the Internet and How it Owns Us is a compelling historical analysis.
Cracking the quantum code
Authors: Gardner Kate
Published: July 2020

To understand quantum physics – as far as anyone does – requires a lot of imagination, and a fair bit of philosophy. If you examine whether, say, the Many Worlds interpretation is correct, that opens up discussions of determinism versus free choice. Proving which quantum physics interpretation is true could have huge implications for humanity. That is what the characters in new TV show Devs are attempting to unravel. This sci-fi thriller from writer-director Alex Garland truly embraces all the complexity that entails.
Neutron stars may contain free quarks
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin
Published: July 2020

A long-standing debate about what lies at the heart of neutron stars might soon be cleared up if a new analysis reconciling observational data and theory is vindicated, as Edwin Cartlidge reports
Birth of a planet is spotted for the first time
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: July 2020

Astronomers say they have witnessed the distinctive twist in the disc of gas and dust surrounding a newly formed star that likely indicates that a new planet is forming.
The Relationship Between Coping Strategies and Sleep Problems: The Role of Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Kozusznik Malgorzata W , Puig-Perez Sara , Kożusznik Barbara , Pulopulos Matias M
Published: July 2020

Background

Several studies have proposed that coping strategies are a key predictor of sleep problems. Furthermore, some authors have suggested that depressive symptoms, a factor that is related to both coping strategies and sleep, may play a critical role in this relationship. However, this preliminary research has shown mixed results.

Purpose

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between coping strategies (i.e., emotion-focused and problem-focused coping) and sleep, and investigate whether this relationship is direct or mediated by depressive symptoms.

Methods

Using a cross-sectional design, we tested this idea in a sample of 723 participants from the Midlife in the United States 2 study (mean age = 54.22 years, age range = 25–74 years, 54.40% females, 95.1% had at least a high school education). We applied mediation analyses with bootstrapped bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals to test total, direct, and indirect effects. Coping and depression were assessed using questionnaires. Objective and subjective sleep quantity and quality were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sleep diaries, and actigraphy.

Results

The results show that low emotion-focused coping and high problem-focused coping are associated with lower depressive symptoms, which, in turn, are associated with better objective and subjective sleep quality. Moreover, greater use of emotion-focused coping is related to more perceived sleep time.

Conclusions

This study sheds light on the process of the development of sleep problems in people who use different coping strategies. It offers explanations for the association between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping and sleep problems, via depressive symptoms.
Clinical clustering of eight orthostatic haemodynamic patterns in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: Moloney David , O’Connor John , Newman Louise , Scarlett Siobhan , Hernandez Belinda , Kenny Rose Anne , Romero-Ortuno Roman
Published: July 2020

Background

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) can be assessed with non-invasive continuous beat-to-beat haemodynamic monitoring during active stand (AS) testing; this yields large volumes of data outside the scope of the traditional OH definition. We explored clinical associations of different AS patterns in participants from Wave 1 of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Methods

AS patterns were generated based on three sequential binary systolic blood pressure features: drop ≥40 mmHg within 10 sec post-stand (“immediate deficit”), failure to return to within 20 mmHg of supine level at 40 sec after standing (“stabilisation deficit”) and drop ≥20 mmHg between >40 and 120 sec post-stand (“late deficit”). Eight AS groups resulted from combining the presence/absence of these three features. The groups were cross-sectionally characterised, and their ability to independently predict orthostatic intolerance (OI) during AS, and falls or syncope in the past year, was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 4,899 participants were included (mean age 61), of which 3,312 (68%) had no deficits. Older age was associated with stabilisation deficit and late deficits were seen in groups with higher proportions of beta blockers and psychotropic medications. Regression models identified independent associations between OI and three immediate-deficit groups; associations seemed stronger as more deficits were present. There was a significant association between falls history and the three-deficit group (odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–2.07, P = 0.004).

Conclusions

More deficits seemed associated with the higher risk of OI and falls history. Observations are not causal but the recognition of these patterns may help clinicians focus on careful prescribing.
The additive effect of biochar amendment and simulated nitrogen deposition stimulates the plant height, photosynthesis and accumulation of NPK in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seedlings
Authors: Hou Zhiying , Tang Yiquan , Li Caiyun , Lim Kean-Jin , Wang Zhengjia
Published: July 2020

This work investigated the effective doses of biochar (BC) amendment with simulated nitrogen deposition on the stimulation of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) growth. A total of nine conditions combining three levels of BC—BC0, 0 t ha−1 year−1; BC20, 20 t ha−1 year−1; and BC40, 40 t ha−1 year−1—and three levels of simulated nitrogen deposition—N0, 0 kg N ha−1 year−1; N50, 50 kg N ha−1 year−1; and N150, 150 kg N ha−1 year−1—were applied throughout 1 year on the pecan-grafted seedlings of cultivar ‘Pawnee’. The growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and nutrient content in the seedlings were measured. The soil bulk density, pH, nitrogen content and enzymatic activities were also measured. Biochar amendment reduced soil bulk density and elevated soil pH. Meanwhile, aided by BC amendment, the inorganic nitrogen content and enzyme activities increased with increasing doses of nitrogen. In the absence of BC amendment, the seedlings’ height, photosynthesis and chlorophyll pigments were only stimulated by a low level of simulated nitrogen deposition (N50), whereas a high level of simulated nitrogen deposition (N150) impeded the growth. The seedlings improved the most under the combined treatment of BC20N150, wherein the seedling heights, photosynthesis and total chlorophyll improved by 22 %, 70 % and 40 %, respectively, compared to those treated solely with BC20. Further increase of nitrogen retention in the soil by the BC40 did not further improve the growth of the seedlings, suggesting the possible mechanisms involve nutrient uptake and usage dynamic in the seedlings. The BC amendment alleviated the antagonist effect from simulated nitrogen deposition that suppressed the absorption of phosphorus, potassium and iron. The effect of applying both BC amendment and simulated nitrogen deposition to the growth of seedlings was additive at fertilizing tree species.
The five million bird eggs in the world’s museum collections are an invaluable and underused resource
Authors: Marini Miguel Ângelo , Hall Linnea , Bates John , Steinheimer Frank D , McGowan Robert , Silveira Luis Fábio , Lijtmaer Darío A , Tubaro Pablo Luis , Córdoba-Córdoba Sergio , Gamauf Anita , Greeney Harold F , Schweizer Manuel , Kamminga Pepijn , Cibois Alice , Vallotton Laurent , Russell Douglas , Robinson Scott K , Sweet Paul R , Frahnert Sylke , Corado René , Heming Neander Marcel
Published: July 2020

The ~1.97 million egg sets (~5 million eggs) housed in museums have not been used in proportion to their availability. We highlight the wide variety of scientific disciplines that have used egg collections and the geographic locations and sizes of these collections, to increase awareness of the importance of egg collections, improve their visibility to the scientific community, and suggest that they offer a wealth of data covering large spatial scales and long time series for broad investigations into avian biology. We provide a brief history of egg collections and an updated list of museums/institutions with egg collections worldwide. We also review the limitations, challenges, and management of egg collections, and summarize recent literature based on historical and recent museum egg materials.
The Helpful Brain? Translations of Neuroscience into Social Work
Authors: Gibson Margaret F
Published: July 2020

What do the many translations of ‘the brain’ from the domain of neuroscience offer to social work researchers? Drawing upon disability studies and critical social work, this article examines trends and tensions across ‘neuro’ writing in social work journals and summarises some commonly recommended practices. Neuroscientific discourse has undeniable cultural influence and offers distinctive forms of evidence to social workers. Social work scholars have strategically translated neuroscience findings to access greater disciplinary status, to counter neo-liberal onslaughts on public services, to communicate on inter-disciplinary teams and to address calls for ‘new’ scholarship. At the same time, many writers readily acknowledge that they use neuroscience to justify or even revive well-established social work practices and theories. A unidirectional strategy of translation across disciplines comes with inherent risks of reinforcing hierarchy, ignoring social difference and undermining the value of social work research and practice. Neurodiversity discourse offers one example of ‘neuro’ argumentation where social justice and neuroscience have intertwined and may present an opportunity for a different type of social work translation. Social workers should be prepared to engage with neuroscience but must do so in ways that consistently reinforce social justice commitments and include a wide array of perspectives.
Recent progress in translational engineeredin vitromodels of the central nervous system
Authors: Nikolakopoulou Polyxeni , Rauti Rossana , Voulgaris Dimitrios , Shlomy Iftach , Maoz Ben M , Herland Anna
Published: July 2020

The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), and conventional in vitro models, in turn, are limited in their capacity to provide information regarding many functional and systemic responses. Indeed, these challenges may underlie the notoriously low success rates of CNS drug development efforts. During the past 5 years, there has been a leap in the complexity and functionality of in vitro systems of the CNS, which have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional model systems. The availability of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology has further increased the translational potential of these systems. Yet, the adoption of state-of-the-art in vitro platforms within the CNS research community is limited. This may be attributable to the high costs or the immaturity of the systems. Nevertheless, the costs of fabrication have decreased, and there are tremendous ongoing efforts to improve the quality of cell differentiation. Herein, we aim to raise awareness of the capabilities and accessibility of advanced in vitro CNS technologies. We provide an overview of some of the main recent developments (since 2015) in in vitro CNS models. In particular, we focus on engineered in vitro models based on cell culture systems combined with microfluidic platforms (e.g. ‘organ-on-a-chip’ systems). We delve into the fundamental principles underlying these systems and review several applications of these platforms for the study of the CNS in health and disease. Our discussion further addresses the challenges that hinder the implementation of advanced in vitro platforms in personalized medicine or in large-scale industrial settings, and outlines the existing differentiation protocols and industrial cell sources. We conclude by providing practical guidelines for laboratories that are considering adopting organ-on-a-chip technologies.
Investigating Sexual Dimorphism of Human White Matter in a Harmonized, Multisite Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Seitz Johanna , Cetin-Karayumak Suheyla , Lyall Amanda , Pasternak Ofer , Baxi Madhura , Vangel Mark , Pearlson Godfrey , Tamminga Carol , Sweeney John , Clementz Brett , Schretlen David , Viher Petra Verena , Stegmayer Katharina , Walther Sebastian , Lee Jungsun , Crow Tim , James Anthony , Voineskos Aristotle , Buchanan Robert W , Szeszko Philip R , Malhotra Anil , Keshavan Matcheri , Koerte Inga K , Shenton Martha E , Rathi Yogesh , Kubicki Marek
Published: July 2020

Axonal myelination and repair, critical processes for brain development, maturation, and aging, remain controlled by sexual hormones. Whether this influence is reflected in structural brain differences between sexes, and whether it can be quantified by neuroimaging, remains controversial. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an in vivo method that can track myelination changes throughout the lifespan. We utilize a large, multisite sample of harmonized dMRI data (n = 551, age = 9–65 years, 46% females/54% males) to investigate the influence of sex on white matter (WM) structure. We model lifespan trajectories of WM using the most common dMRI measure fractional anisotropy (FA). Next, we examine the influence of both age and sex on FA variability. We estimate the overlap between male and female FA and test whether it is possible to label individual brains as male or female. Our results demonstrate regionally and spatially specific effects of sex. Sex differences are limited to limbic structures and young ages. Additionally, not only do sex differences diminish with age, but tracts within each subject become more similar to one another. Last, we show the high overlap in FA between sexes, which implies that determining sex based on WM remains open.
Resting-State Fluctuations Underlie Free and Creative Verbal Behaviors in the Human Brain
Authors: Broday-Dvir Rotem , Malach Rafael
Published: July 2020

Resting-state fluctuations are ubiquitous and widely studied phenomena of the human brain, yet we are largely in the dark regarding their function in human cognition. Here we examined the hypothesis that resting-state fluctuations underlie the generation of free and creative human behaviors. In our experiment, participants were asked to perform three voluntary verbal tasks: a verbal fluency task, a verbal creativity task, and a divergent thinking task, during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)-activity during these tasks was contrasted with a control- deterministic verbal task, in which the behavior was fully determined by external stimuli. Our results reveal that all voluntary verbal-generation responses displayed a gradual anticipatory buildup that preceded the deterministic control-related responses. Critically, the time–frequency dynamics of these anticipatory buildups were significantly correlated with resting-state fluctuations’ dynamics. These correlations were not a general BOLD-related or verbal-response related result, as they were not found during the externally determined verbal control condition. Furthermore, they were located in brain regions known to be involved in language production, specifically the left inferior frontal gyrus. These results suggest a common function of resting-state fluctuations as the neural mechanism underlying the generation of free and creative behaviors in the human cortex.
SARS-CoV-2 Whole Genome Amplification and Sequencing for Effective Population-Based Surveillance and Control of Viral Transmission
Authors: Harilal Divinlal , Ramaswamy Sathishkumar , Loney Tom , Suwaidi Hanan Al , Khansaheb Hamda , Alkhaja Abdulmajeed , Varghese Rupa , Deesi Zulfa , Nowotny Norbert , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Abou Tayoun Ahmad
Published: July 2020

Background

With the gradual reopening of economies and resumption of social life, robust surveillance mechanisms should be implemented to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike RT-qPCR, SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing (cWGS) has the added advantage of identifying cryptic origins of the virus, and the extent of community-based transmissions versus new viral introductions, which can in turn influence public health policy decisions. However, the practical and cost considerations of cWGS should be addressed before it is widely implemented.

Methods

We performed shotgun transcriptome sequencing using RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with COVID-19, and compared it to targeted SARS-CoV-2 genome amplification and sequencing with respect to virus detection, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. To track virus origin, we used open-source multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tools to compare the assembled SARS-CoV-2 genomes to publicly available sequences.

Results

We found considerable improvement in whole genome sequencing data quality and viral detection using amplicon-based target enrichment of SARS-CoV-2. With enrichment, more than 99% of the sequencing reads mapped to the viral genome, compared to an average of 0.63% without enrichment. Consequently, an increase in genome coverage was obtained using substantially less sequencing data, enabling higher scalability and sizable cost reductions. We also demonstrated how SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences can be used to determine their possible origin through phylogenetic analysis including other viral strains.

Conclusions

SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing is a practical, cost-effective, and powerful approach for population-based surveillance and control of viral transmission in the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: a position paper of the ESC Working Group for Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, and the ESC Council of Basic Cardiovascular Science
Authors: Evans Paul C , Rainger G Ed , Mason Justin C , Guzik Tomasz J , Osto Elena , Stamataki Zania , Neil Desley , Hoefer Imo E , Fragiadaki Maria , Waltenberger Johannes , Weber Christian , Bochaton-Piallat Marie-Luce , Bäck Magnus
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented healthcare emergency causing mortality and illness across the world. Although primarily affecting the lungs, the SARS-CoV-2 virus also affects the cardiovascular system. In addition to cardiac effects, e.g. myocarditis, arrhythmias, and myocardial damage, the vasculature is affected in COVID-19, both directly by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and indirectly as a result of a systemic inflammatory cytokine storm. This includes the role of the vascular endothelium in the recruitment of inflammatory leucocytes where they contribute to tissue damage and cytokine release, which are key drivers of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in disseminated intravascular coagulation, and cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. There is also evidence linking endothelial cells (ECs) to SARS-CoV-2 infection including: (i) the expression and function of its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the vasculature; (ii) the prevalence of a Kawasaki disease-like syndrome (vasculitis) in COVID-19; and (iii) evidence of EC infection with SARS-CoV-2 in patients with fatal COVID-19. Here, the Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology together with the Council of Basic Cardiovascular Science of the European Society of Cardiology provide a Position Statement on the importance of the endothelium in the underlying pathophysiology behind the clinical presentation in COVID-19 and identify key questions for future research to address. We propose that endothelial biomarkers and tests of function (e.g. flow-mediated dilatation) should be evaluated for their usefulness in the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. A better understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on endothelial biology in both the micro- and macrovasculature is required, and endothelial function testing should be considered in the follow-up of convalescent COVID-19 patients for early detection of long-term cardiovascular complications.
Genome sequencing of four culinary herbs reveals terpenoid genes underlying chemodiversity in the Nepetoideae
Authors: Bornowski Nolan , Hamilton John P , Liao Pan , Wood Joshua C , Dudareva Natalia , Buell C Robin
Published: July 2020

Species within the mint family, Lamiaceae, are widely used for their culinary, cultural, and medicinal properties due to production of a wide variety of specialized metabolites, especially terpenoids. To further our understanding of genome diversity in the Lamiaceae and to provide a resource for mining biochemical pathways, we generated high-quality genome assemblies of four economically important culinary herbs, namely, sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and characterized their terpenoid diversity through metabolite profiling and genomic analyses. A total 25 monoterpenes and 11 sesquiterpenes were identified in leaf tissue from the 4 species. Genes encoding enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of precursors for mono- and sesqui-terpene synthases were identified in all four species. Across all 4 species, a total of 235 terpene synthases were identified, ranging from 27 in O. majorana to 137 in the tetraploid O. basilicum. This study provides valuable resources for further investigation of the genetic basis of chemodiversity in these important culinary herbs.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management During the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Ten Do’s and Don’ts from the ECCO-COVID Taskforce
Authors: Magro F , Rahier J-F , Abreu C , MacMahon E , Hart A , van der Woude C J , Gordon H , Adamina M , Viget N , Vavricka S , Kucharzik T , Leone S , Siegmund B , Danese S , Peyrin-Biroulet L
Published: July 2020

Our knowledge of COVID-19 is changing and evolving rapidly, with novel insights and recommendations, almost on a daily basis. It behooves the medical community to provide updated information on a regular basis, on best practice to facilitate optimal care of infected patients and on appropriate advice for the general population. This is particularly important in the case of patients with chronic conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. In this review, we have compiled existing evidence on the impact of COVID-19 in IBD patients and provide guidance on the most appropriate care to adopt during the pandemic. Our review highlights that IBD, per se, is not a risk factor for COVID-19. However, all IBD patients with symptoms should be tested for SARS-CoV-2 and the procedures for disease management should be carefully adapted: [i] in SARS-CoV-2-positive IBD patients, medical treatments should be re-evaluated [with a particular focus on corticosteroids] always with the purpose of treating active disease and maintaining remission; [ii] non-urgent surgeries and endoscopic procedures should be postponed for all patients; [iii] online consultancy should be implemented; and [iv] hospitalization and surgery should be limited to life-threatening situations.