bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO2 sequestration potential in Depleted Hydrocarbon fields – A geochemical approach
Authors: Gianni Eleni , Tyrologou Pavlos , Behnous Dounya , Pál Farkas Márton , Fernández-Canteli Álvarez Paula , García Crespo Jesús , Chacartegui Ramirez Ricardo , Koukouzas Nikolaos , Carneiro Júlio
Published: January 2025

Background The CO2 emissions reduction is crucial for the energy transition. Thus, new technologies for CO2 capture and storage are under development, such as CEEGS 1,2 . Porous media and rock caverns are geological formations of high interest for such technology. Among them, depleted hydrocarbon fields (DHF) gain ground due to the experience of reservoir characterisation, sealing performance, storage operability, and already established infrastructure which critically decreases the cost. However, one of the major problems caused during CO2 storage in DHF is the interactions between the injected CO2 and the remaining fluids. Methods In this study, the potential CO2 storage in DHF was investigated. Marismas 3 was used as a hypothetical model area for the examination of CO2 interactions with a carbonate-silisiclastic reservoir. PHREEQC software 1 was used to investigate reservoir rock/water/remained gas (CH4) interactions followed by interactions taking place after the CO2 injection. Different scenarios were used for the CO2 concentration and behaviour in the reservoir. To make the system more complex and generic, the CMG-GEM software 3 was utilized to examine the long-term sequestration of CO2 through dissolution trapping, residual trapping, and lateral migration in a reservoir analogue to the Marismas field, but at higher depth, compatible with the CEEGS technology. Results During the CO2 injection, carbonic acid was formed, causing a dissolution of several minerals, leading to siderite and clay minerals precipitation (e.g. kaolinite, Ca-montmorillonite, and illite), which may cause problems to the permeability of the system. The colloidal nature of siderite and the Ca-montmorillonite swelling properties are of high concern for pore throat clogging. However, the other newly formed mineralogical phases are not threatening the reservoir quality. CMG-GEM validated the critical phase of CO2 plume establishment. Conclusions The proposed DHF is promising for real-world underground applications fitting to CEEGS technology.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AND PUBLIC ASPECTS OF CO-OPERATION BETWEEN STATE BODIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE SPHERE OF CURRENCY CONTROL UNDER PUBLIC RESTRICTIONS AND SANCTIONS
Authors: Chistyakov Denis A.
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the general principles of interaction between the state bodies of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus as members of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Eurasian Economic Union in the sphere of information exchange on currency control issues. It also examines the peculiarities of such interaction that have arisen due to the imposition of sanctions by unfriendly states against the Russian Federation. The relevance of the topic is expressed by the fact that, in light of the intensification of sanctions pressure through the adoption of the 14th package of sanctions, information exchange within the Union States can have a critical impact on countering Western sanctions. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that, due to the regular expansion of sanctions, this topic is not sufficiently developed in legal literature because the subject of research is constantly changing.
Background. The article is devoted to an extremely relevant topic in the context of the current political and economic reality: the interaction of customs authorities of the union states in the framework of countering Western sanctions.
Purpose. The author aims to set the vectors for the development of interaction between the state bodies of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation to counter sanctions.
Method. The article employs classical methods of research for legal science. The main emphasis is on the analysis of legal literature, texts of international conventions, and normative legal acts.
Results. The results of the analysis involve forming vectors for the development of interstate cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation in the context of countering sanctions and the application of Russian counter-sanctions.
The author identifies the following vectors: harmonization of legal regulation, information exchange and technology integration, and measures to ensure compliance with and enforcement of Russian counter-sanctions.
Application area. The results of the research can be applied in the field of currency control, as well as in the work of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in drafting future interstate agreements and programs.
SUBJECT COMPOSITION OF PARTICIPANTS IN LEGAL RELATIONS RELATED TO THE PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Zolotova Valeria B.
Published: January 2025

Purpose. The purpose of the presented work is the study and analysis of the subject composition of participants in legal relations related to the protection of intellectual property in educational institutions, the identification of their rights and obligations, as well as the definition of mechanisms for the protection of intellectual rights in the educational environment. At the same time, it is taken into account that trends in the commercialization of educational materials and to increase their marketability in the market cause a significant expansion of the subject composition, in particular, educational platforms are expanding, specialized organizations engaged in relevant activities appear, as well as specialists engaged in the preparation of educational and educational material.
Methodology. The methodology of the scientific article consisted of theoretical analysis (study and analysis of legislation regulating intellectual property, review of scientific publications and research on intellectual property in educational institutions), and empirical generalization (collection and analysis of data on subjects of legal relations in educational institutions, materials of law enforcement practice).
Results. The conclusion was that the emergence of new participants is due not only to the labor principles of the legal relationship, in which the employee and the employer act as subjects, but also to civil law, which indicates the dynamics of intersectoral regulation of legal relations aimed at creating intellectual property objects in the field of education.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used for the development and implementation of internal regulations in educational institutions regulating the protection of intellectual property, as well as for the generalization and analysis of materials of law enforcement practice.
Comparative analysis of national characteristics  in Chinese and Russian classical literature
Authors: Song Yan
Published: January 2025

Literature is a vivid manifestation of the national spirit. The rich cultural connotations in the classic literary works of China and Russia reflect the characteristics of the national character of both countries. There are significant differences between China and Russia in the way of expressing emotions, the focus of spiritual pursuit, the approach to understanding human nature, and the form of manifestation of collective consciousness. In - depth comparative analysis of these national characteristics can deepen the understanding of the cultural connotations and value orientations of China and Russia, promote cross - cultural exchanges and research in the field of human cultural diversity, and provide valuable perspectives and bases for relevant fields.
The life cycle of a non-governmental educational organization: problems and features of management
Authors: Kananchev Z.
Published: January 2025

The article considers features of formation and development of non-governmental educational organization from position of the classical life cycle organizational theory. The main stages of private school development are: development and planning; authorization and licensing; preparation for opening; enrollment and operation activity; stabilization and preservation of results; expansion and scaling, or decline and liquidation. It was noted that the first three stages of the organizational establishment were fundamental, without which no further work could be carried out. The functions and role of the School Council and guidance in terms of strategic planning have been examined. In conclusion, it is emphasized that only the need for effective management actions will allow the organization to avoid the stage of decline and move to the next level of development.
MNEMONICS TECHNIQUES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF USING THEM WHEN WORKING WITH INFORMATION IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS
Authors: Maslova Tat'yana , Ermachkova Svetlana
Published: January 2025

In the modern world, an individual is constantly confronted with various data. Information is now one of the most important resources and benefits the individual and society. At the same time, in order to get the perfect result, it is necessary to possess the skills of correct work with information, its processing and further use. There is a contradiction in science due to the fact that a number of authors, in particular L. S. Vygotsky, S. Ya. Rubinstein did not consider it possible to use mnemonics in the educational process, since, in their opinion, it does not contribute to the development of a child. At the same time, modern researchers M.A. Ziganov, A. K. Kolechenko, E. D. Safronova and others argue the opposite. The aim of the work is to study the techniques of mnemonics and their use when working with information in Russian language lessons for older students.
The scientific novelty of the article consists in summarizing individual examples of practical experience in the implementation of mnemonic techniques and their implementation in the educational process.
The paper presents the author's approaches to understanding the essence of memory and its significance when working with information.
The presence of a large number of mnemonics techniques is analyzed, thanks to the use of which the work of the student's memory mechanisms is activated, which contributes to the development of control over the process of memorizing information, storing it and subsequent reproduction. The pedagogical conditions for the use of mnemonic techniques are highlighted. The principles of using mnemonics techniques in the educational process are defined. The methods and specific examples of memorizing information in Russian lessons using mnemonic techniques are presented.
Big Five personality dimensions in ultramarathon runners: findings of the Ultrarunners Longitudinal TRAcking (ULTRA) Study
Authors: Jastifer James , Hoffman Martin
Published: January 2025

The psychological aspect of ultrarunning is of interest in sports medicine. Ultrarunners are described as mentally tough, and have been shown in studies to be goal oriented, and intrinsically motivated. It is unknown how the personality traits of this group compare to the general population. 734 ultramarathon runners participated in this large longitudinal study. Ultramarathon runners scored significantly lower in extroversion (3.74 vs 4.44, p<.0001), and agreeableness (5.10 vs 5.23, p=.0099) compared to a control population. They scored higher in conscientiousness (5.93 vs 5.4, p<.0001), and emotional stability (5.28 vs 4.83, p<.0001), while statistically similar in openness to experiences (5.33 vs 5.38, p=0.4174). The current study dimensions of relatively low agreeableness (competitive), and extroversion (able to stay within oneself), combined with relatively high conscientiousness (organized, goal-directed), and emotional stability (stable in stressful circumstance), quantify the differences between a large ultramarathon runner population and a control group.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 Years
Authors: Adamczyk Sabina , Przygoda Maria , Włodyka Jagienka , Stępień Kamila , Trestka Gabriela , Zelik Urszula , Dziewic Jakub , Śnieżna Joanna , Florczak Wojciech , Domino Wiktoria , Dzwonnik Karol
Published: January 2025

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe outcome of prenatal alcohol exposure, characterized by a combination of somatic and neurological abnormalities, including facial dysmorphism, growth deficits, and neurocognitive impairments. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) encompass a broader range of outcomes from prenatal alcohol exposure, with varying degrees of severity. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can disrupt fetal development, with no known safe threshold for its intake at any stage of gestation. The consequences are particularly profound on the central nervous system (CNS), where damage to structures like the cerebellum can lead to motor dysfunctions, balance issues, and cognitive impairments. Early identification and diagnosis of FAS or FASD, especially during the critical first years of life, is essential for improving developmental outcomes. Intervention strategies, including physical and cognitive therapy, can help mitigate long-term disabilities associated with these conditions. Diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound for fetal structural abnormalities and the AUDIT screening tool, are integral for early detection. This review highlights the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on motor skill development, particularly the persistence of primitive reflexes in infants with FAS, which is indicative of CNS immaturity and necessitates early therapeutic interventions. Understanding these motor and neurological markers is critical for providing appropriate support and improving outcomes for affected children.
The Application and Development Trends of Wearable Devices (WD) in Endurance Sports Training: A Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Tingran , Zhang Mufan , Luo Jiong
Published: January 2025

Collecting and organizing information on the application of technology products such as wearable devices, intelligent training, and the Internet of Things (IoT) in endurance sports training from 2005 to 2023, it was found that wearable devices, heart rate bands, bicycle power devices, intelligent training device applications, and sports community platforms can be connected through the Internet of Things, and data can be automatically shared, Furthermore, provide feedback on the workload and training effectiveness of sports training; The long-distance supervision and virtual coaching system of real coaches support direct interaction between athletes and real coaches, which can promote athletes' training motivation, improve sports performance, and have a good positive effect on enhancing athletes' completion of training plans; Intelligent wearable equipment can accurately provide HR and HRV parameters, based on which training load and maximum oxygen uptake can be evaluated, providing a basis for adjusting training strategies and ensuring maximum training benefits.
A research on steering optimization to prevent deviation from the driving path trajectory of an onion harvester
Authors: Lim Hoon , Yun Byong-Un , Bang Byoung-Ju , Yun Jun-Seop
Published: January 2025

Agriculural harvesters currently used in rural areas are configured in a manual manner in which all drving operations are directly operated by the driver. However automation is possible because the driving path is a repetitive, regular, and standardized pattern. In order to implement drving automation of agricultural harvesters, theoretical research on steering control, the most important element, is necessary. Accordingly, a study was conducted to analyze and derive the driving environment, steering kinematics of the driving mechanism, steering control algorithm, and steering angle for onion harvesters that are actually used in field agriculture. In this paper, we would like to introduce a steering control method that allows agricultural harvesters to drive stably without deviating from a certain path made of ridges and furrows.
Development of a MBD simulation model for axle torque prediction of an electric agricultural vehicle
Authors: Park Min-Jong , Jeon Hyeon-Ho , Park Jong-Dae , Baek Seung-Yun , Baek Seung-Min , Siddique Md. Abu Ayub , Park Min-Jae , Yang Cheol-Woo , Kim Yong-Joo
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to develop an electric all-wheel-drive vehicle simulation model for axle torque prediction. Simulation model was developed using RecurDyn, a multibody dynamics software, and tire-soil interaction parameters were inputted to reflect soil conditions. Driving simulation was performed at a speed of 7.5 km/h, which is the rated speed of driving motor. Traction was inputted between the soil and simulation model, and traction forces were considered as 25, 50, 75, and 100 N. Simulation was conducted for 20 seconds, and for the first 10 seconds, the simulation model was stabilized. As a result of simulation, maximum and average torque was analyzed. On 25 N traction condition, maximum torques of the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels were 19.07, 19.14, 24.37, and 24.37 Nm, respectively. Under 50 N traction conditions, the maximum torques for the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels were 19.49, 19.56, 25.95, and 25.95 Nm, respectively. In the case of 75 N traction, maximum torques were 19.93, 20.00, 27.62, and 27.62 Nm for the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels, respectively. The maximum torques were 20.33, 20.40, 29.25, and 29.25 Nm for the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels, respectively on 100 N traction condition. The average axle torques for the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right wheels were approximately 8.96, 8.95, 6.86, and 6.85 Nm on every traction condition, respectively. It was shown that the axle torque was directly proportional to the applied traction forces. It was noticed that for the initial period, torque on the rear axle was higher than the front axle due to the box located on the rear side of simulation model, and torque on the front axle was higher than rear axle after the initial period because the front axle overcomes the rolling resistance. In this study, the axle torques were analyzed based on various traction forces. However, various conditions like weight and tire parameters would be reflected in the future study.
Derivations on rank $k$ triangular matrices
Authors: Chooi Wai Leong , Lau Jinting
Published: January 2025

Let $n\geqslant 2$ be an integer and let $T_n(\mathcal{R})$ be the algebra of $n\times n$ upper triangular matrices over a unital ring $\mathcal{R}$. In this paper, we characterize derivations $\psi:T_n(\mathcal{R})\rightarrow T_n(\mathcal{R})$ on strictly upper triangular matrices, i.e., additive maps $\psi$ satisfying $\psi(AB)=A\psi(B)+\psi(A)B$ for all strictly upper triangular matrices $A,B\in T_n(\mathcal{R})$. We then deduce this result a complete structural characterization of derivations $\psi:T_n(\mathcal{R})\rightarrow T_n(\mathcal{R})$ on rank $k$ upper triangular matrices, where $1\leqslant k\leqslant n$ is a fixed integer and $\mathcal{R}$ is a division ring.
Effect of different stocking density on the growth performances of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) in polyculture system
Authors: Samadan Gamal M. , Irfan Muhammad , Pitra Faisal , Findra Muhammad Nur , Supyan Supyan , Syazili Aras , Andriani Rovina
Published: January 2025

Polyculture is a way of cultivating two or more types of organisms in the same container for the purpose of efficient use of land. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different stocking densities on the growth of white leg shrimp and milkfish by polyculture and to determine the stocking density that influences the growth of white shrimp and milkfish by polyculture in ponds. The study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 3 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that the specific growth rates in the three treatments, both white leg shrimp and milkfish varied. Similarly, the absolute weight growth between white leg shrimp and milkfish. Survival rate of white leg shrimp in treatment C, 85.56%, treatment B, 72.81%, and treatment A, 66.04%. While, the survival rate of milkfish in the three treatments was 100%. The feed conversion ratio in treatment A, 0.43, treatment C, 0.28, and treatment B, 0.17 grams. The different stocking densities of white leg shrimp and milkfish polycultures did not affect the absolute weight growth of white leg shrimp and their specific growth rate. However, there is an effect on the absolute weight growth of milkfishKeywords:shrimpmilkfishpolyculturestockingdensity
Seaweed and its antioxidant content at Batu Layar beach, Senggigi, West Lombok Regency
Authors: Cokrowati Nunik , Apriliyanti Fisma , Nuryatin Nuryatin , Jayusri Jayusri , Junaidi Muhammad , Asri Yuliana
Published: January 2025

Seaweed is macro algae that it one of export commodity at Indonesia. In addition to having economic value, macroalgae also have an important role in aquatic ecosystems. macroalgae play a role as primary producers because of their ability to photosynthesize, produce organic matter, and oxygen in the aquatic environment. Waters on Lombok Island that are overgrown with seaweed include Batu Layar beach. Batu Layar sub-district is part of the tourism area located in the coastal area. Batu Layar sub-district includes a cultivation area consisting of a variety of land uses ranging from agriculture, livestock, fishing and so on. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of seaweed species in the coastal waters of Batulayar, Senggigi, West Lombok Regency along with antioxidant and chlorophyll-a content. The research was conducted in November 2023 in the waters of Batu Layar, Senggigi, West Lombok Regency. The research methods used in this study were survey methods and method explanation of antioxidant content and chlorophyll was carried out in the laboratory, by taking random samples based on the boundaries of the predetermined area as many as 4 stations. The result of this research are identified species of seaweed including Sargassum sp., Padina, Caulerpa, Galaxaura, Ulva, Gelidium, Acanthophora, Iaxaura, Halimeda, Boergesenia forbesii, Corallina, and Turbinaria. Padina antioxidant levels reached 81,31% and chlorophyll 14,35 mg/l. It can be concluded that there are 12 types of seaweed that grow wild consisting of four species each of green, brown, and red alga. Padina has the highest antioxidant content of 81,31%.Keywords:AquacultureAntioxidantChlorophyllSeaweedSargassum.
Growth Of black sea cucumber Holothuria atra in an integrated aquaculture system
Authors: Pattinasarany Maureen Mercy , Palinussa Elizabeth Miklen , Matakupan Jolen
Published: January 2025

The black sea cucumber Holothuria atra was used in integrated aquaculture with sea bass juveniles (Lates calcarifer) as the lowest and highest trophic level organism, alongside the seaweed Gracilaria sp. as an organic extractive organism. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential of integrated aquaculture combined with sea bass juvenile and seaweed to support the growth of the black sea cucumber. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design with 3 fish density treatments (50, 100, and 150 fish/m3), each integrated with 10 bags of seaweed and 4 individual black sea cucumbers.  The study was conducted for 8 weeks and the fish were fed with trash fish at 10% of body weight. Water quality parameters were measured in situ every day except for TOM, ammonia, and nitrate which were measured at the beginning, middle, and end of the study.  The results showed that the specific growth rate of the black sea cucumber ranged from 0.31-0.45%/day. The black sea cucumber was able to use the feed and metabolic waste produced by the culture of sea bass, showing the highest growth rate at a density of 100 fish/m3. Water quality parameters remained in ranges considered suitable for growth, except salinity. Furthermore, the black sea cucumber was found to have a strategy for adapting to fluctuations in salinity, as shown by the ability to survive at 15 ppt.Keywords:Sea bass juvenilesSeaweedSalinityTOM
Generating squeezing and enhancing entanglement in an opto-magnomechanical system via pump modulation
Authors: Guo Qi , Liu Jing-Lan , Bai Cheng-Hua , Zhang Yuchi , Li Gang , Zhang Tiancai
Published: January 2025

We propose schemes for generating quantum squeezing and enhancing entanglement in an opto-magnomechanical configuration by periodically modulating the driving field. The system consists of an optical cavity and a ferrimagnetic yttrium-iron-garnet micro-bridge supporting a magnon mode and a mechanical vibration mode, in which the mechanical mode couples to the optical mode and the magnon mode via radiation pressure and magnetostrictive interaction, respectively. The optical mode and the magnon mode are driven by classical fields, and the amplitude of the laser field driving the optical cavity is periodically modulated. We find that when the classical fields are red-detuned and their anti-Stokes sidebands scattered by the mechanical motion resonate with the corresponding driven modes, all the modes in the system will be squeezed simultaneously, and the mechanical squeezing can exceed the 3-dB limit. Furthermore, when the driving laser field is red-detuned and the microwave field is blue-detuned, both the bipartite and tripartite entanglements will be generated, and compared to the case without periodical modulation, the entanglements are significantly enhanced. We also show that the schemes have strong robustness against the system dissipations and environmental temperature. Our schemes may provide efficient quantum resources for quantum precision measurement and quantum information processing.
Using artifact suppression OCT based on polarization multiplexing for tomographic imaging of LCD screens
Authors: Shao Tan-Bin , Qin Ming , Cheng Jia-Jun , Zhang Yi-Tong , Yang Ke-Cheng , Xia Min , Li Wei , Guo Wen-Ping
Published: January 2025

Defect detection in the inner layers of liquid crystal display (LCD) panels is crucial for the quality control of displays. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a nondestructive, high-resolution tomographic imaging technique, has been applied in the inspection of display panels. However, the artifacts that arise in imaging multilayer samples remain a challenge. In this study, we propose and validate a method for artifact removal in coherent imaging of multilayer refractive samples. These samples exhibit complex autocorrelation artifacts due to self-interference and multiple reflections. Two orthogonally polarized reference beams with fixed phase shifts, combined with the proposed algorithm, are employed to suppress the autocorrelation in the sample light path. To address the issue of mirror artifacts caused by real spectrum signals, the intensity ratio of the two orthogonally polarized reference beams is adjusted, allowing distinction between real signals and mirror artifacts, thus achieving full-range imaging. Experiments were conducted to measure 3D images of multilayer quartz glass sheets, inclined ceramic blocks, and LCD panels, validating the reliability of the proposed approach and demonstrating its advantages in display defect detection.
Multi-view multi-focal 3D display using light source array and focus tunable optics
Authors: Kheibarihafshejani Sahar , Park Jae-Hyeung
Published: January 2025

Conventional multifocal displays deliver effective monocular focus cues but lack sufficient motion parallax, while multi-view displays offer motion parallax with no monocular focus cues. To overcome these limitations, we propose a system that leverages the benefit of viewpoint generation and the focus-tunable lens (FTL) to support both motion parallax and accommodation cues in one system. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed setup successfully delivers full-resolution images with support for both depth cues, providing a more realistic visual experience. A compact design, with experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness, is also introduced to further enhance the system's compactness.
Efficient modeling and optimization approach for grating-based flow cytometers
Authors: Barzanji Adam , Ullrick Thijs , Cools Kristof , Reep Tom , Verellen Niels , Yurtsever Günay , Bogaerts Wim
Published: January 2025

This work presents a computationally efficient transmission matrix model and optimization scheme for the design of silicon nitride grating couplers in integrated scattering-based flow cytometry systems. The proposed model accurately simulates the optical power flow through the grating coupler and microfluidic channel system, enabling precise evaluation of the transient associated with a polystyrene bead’s passage through the channel. The transmission matrix model yields a four to five orders-of-magnitude improvement in computational efficiency compared to a finite difference time domain solver, making it suitable for optimization loops consisting of many iterations and objective function evaluations. The model’s computational speed is leveraged to quickly simulate the effect of variations in bead dimensions or position in the channel. The model is incorporated into a Bayesian optimization scheme that maximizes the peak to baseline height of the transient by tuning the parameters of both uniform and linearly apodized grating configurations. Results demonstrate a linearly apodized grating configuration, optimized for a dynamic system, yields a 2.49 dB improvement in peak to baseline transmission on the best uniform grating configuration, optimized for a static system.
Metalens-based hybrid probe near-infrared endoscope objective
Authors: Song Yichen , Mao Shan , Tang Yufeng , Zhao Jianlin
Published: January 2025

Rapid large-area deep tissue imaging at long working distances is important for clinical diagnosis. A near-infrared metalens-based hybrid probe con-focal micro-endoscope (pCM) objective with a large field of view of 500 μm, a long working distance of 300 μm, and a small caliber of 2.2 mm was designed, which is compatible with conventional endoscopes to produce cell-resolution images of deep tissues. The performance of the metalens-based hybrid objective optical system was analyzed. Results show that the metalens-based hybrid pCM significantly improves the imaging quality of such optical systems under the premise of meeting the design accuracy requirements, which provides a new solution and an effective realization for the design of such optical systems.
Toward visible ultrafast imaging with a synchronously pumped switching wave Kerr frequency comb
Authors: Xu Yiqing , Coen Stéphane , Erkintalo Miro , Murdoch Stuart G.
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of real-time, high-resolution imaging at visible wavelength has long been hampered by the limitations of traditional laser sources. Existing visible ultrafast lasers often suffer from limited repetition rates, or complex pulse shaping requirements, hindering their applicability for advanced imaging techniques. This work introduces a novel ultrafast imaging technology using a 775 nm near visible Kerr frequency comb. Kerr frequency combs arise from the formation of stable localized dissipative structures in coherently driven Kerr resonators. Compared to conventional visible lasers, Kerr frequency combs offer unique advantages, such as adjustable spectral bandwidth, precise frequency control, and robust coherence. Particularly, Kerr frequency combs generated using a synchronously pumped scheme can offer flexible repetition rates from the order of hundreds of MHz to tens of GHz, overcoming the limited repetition rates of the existing visible imaging lasers. In this work, we realize a Kerr frequency comb source centred at 775 nm through switching wave generation and use this source in a proof-of-concept demonstration of ultrafast biological imaging. Experimentally, we are able to achieve a 500 MHz line-scan rate and demonstrate a new approach to high speed imaging of biological samples with unprecedented speed and versatility. We envisage our work will pave the way for exciting new discoveries in various fields, propelling us closer to a future where ultrafast dynamics can be visualized in real-time and with exquisite detail.
Mechanism of dual-wavelength line-width synchronous narrow-modulation Q-switched laser based on composite mode selection
Authors: Ge Shupeng , Dong Jinge , Jin Long , Jin Yushi , Dong Yuan , Yu Yongji , Jin Guangyong
Published: January 2025

An orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength single longitudinal mode Q-switched laser under the synchronous line-width narrowing technology is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. We established a theoretical model that revealed the oscillation mechanism of the dual-wavelength SLM Q-switched laser operation. Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalons were used as auxiliary mode-selection elements, which not only enabled gain control for the two wavelengths, but also enhanced the side-mode suppression capability of the pre-laser Q-switching process. This narrowed the synchronized line-width for the two different wavelengths. The results of the theoretical analysis were experimentally validated. At a frequency repetition of 20 kHz, the spectral line-widths at 639- and 720-nm were 27 MHz and 37 MHz, respectively. The results of this study can provide guidance for future research on dual-wavelength, highly coherent, and integrated light sources. We believe that such a laser will have a number of potential applications, including multiple wavelength interferometry and microscopy imaging.
Transformer-enhanced end-to-end models for accurate displacement and strain fields in digital image correlation
Authors: Dan Xizuo , Guo Haodong , Hu Yawei , Wang Yonghong
Published: January 2025

This paper presents two end-to-end digital image correlation (DIC) models—D-ST and S-ST—that leverage the Swin Transformer architecture to accurately predict full-field displacement and strain distributions. Unlike conventional DIC methods and existing CNN-based approaches, our models integrate local and global information via window-based and shifted window-based multi-head self-attention mechanisms, enabling robust and precise measurement of high-frequency deformation features. Utilizing a U-Net-like encoder-decoder framework with a multiscale feature fusion strategy, the proposed models address longstanding challenges in capturing complex strain gradients and nonlinear deformation patterns. A custom synthetic dataset, generated using B-spline finite element methods, ensures robust training and improved generalization under diverse and noisy conditions. Experimental results on both synthetic benchmarks and real-world tests highlight that D-ST and S-ST substantially outperform traditional correlation techniques and prior deep learning models, delivering stable, high-fidelity displacement and strain predictions. The approach paves the way for advancing DIC technology, facilitating higher resolution, improved accuracy, and broad applicability in material testing and structural health monitoring.
Polarization eigenstates of a laser resonator in the Stokes formalism
Authors: DeGrace Mathias , Galand Keryann , Lapointe Shawn , Bisson Jean-François
Published: January 2025

The optical response of a depolarizing element can be described by a statistical mixture of deterministic, non-depolarizing elements, and it is often expressed as a Mueller matrix acting on a Stokes vector. Here, we show that the statistical quantities involved in obtaining the Stokes states of the laser modes of a resonator containing depolarizing elements significantly differ from those entering a Mueller matrix. We apply our model to a resonator possessing an exceptional point, where polarization eigenstates coalesce at a specific value of a control parameter: a sharp drop in the degree of polarization is predicted and observed at the exceptional point, which cannot be explained with a simple Jones formalism.
The Lifestyle of Indigenous People from the Perspective of Sustainability. The example of an Aeta tribe in the Philippines
Authors: Ulrike Nennstiel Karin
Published: January 2025

Since sustainability and climate crises have become topics of worldwide concern, at times the lifestyle of self-sufficient indigenous peoples (IP) has drawn attention and been taken into consideration as a model of sustainable living. Questioning to what extent this might work and what factors might be limiting it we visited a community of self-sufficient Aeta peoples in the Philippines carrying out expert interviews in- and outside of the community.
What turned out most threatening and damaging to their sustainable lifestyle are efforts to involve them into the market system aiming to “support their development”. Certainly, this should not suggest IPs continuing to live as the world’s poorest but rather to reconsider our standards of “poor” and “rich” and pursue the aim of giving all people the chance to live a “rich life” in a more comprehensive sense.
 
Keywords: Sustainable communities, indigenous people, poverty, development, social work
"A-Stoff Anlagen": die Versorgung mit flüssigem Sauerstoff im deutschen Fernraketen Programm 1931-45
Authors: Schmundt-Thomas Georg
Published: January 2025

Die deutsche A4 war die erste einsatzfähige ballistische Fernrakete, als Treibstoff diente ein Gemisch aus Ethanol und flüssigem Sauerstoff. Flüssiger Sauerstoff hatte den Tarnnamen "A-Stoff" und wurde in eigens errichteten Betriebsstätten im Besitz der Wehrmacht hergestellt. Die Sauerstoffwerke waren unter Einsatz von Zwangsarbeitern und KZ-Häftlingen gebaut worden und wurden mit ihnen betrieben. Im Zuge der Planung der Serienfertigung und des militärischen Einsatzes stellte sich spätestens im Sommer 1941 heraus, dass die Herstellung und Versorgung mit flüssigem Sauerstoff das Nadelöhr sein würde, von dem die Gesamtzahl der einsetzbaren Raketen abhängen würde. Die vorliegende Studie basiert auf einer umfassenden Sichtung und Auswertung der relevanten Aktenbestände im Bundesarchiv Militärarchiv in Freiburg und beschreibt die Versorgung mit Flüssigsauerstoff im deutschen Raketenprogramm von den Anfängen in der Weimarer Republik bis zur Kapitulation des Dritten Reichs.

The German A4 rocket was the first operational ballistic missile. It was fueled by a mix of ethanol and liquid oxygen. Liquid oxygen was codenamed "A-Stoff." It was produced in dedicated factories run and operated by the German army. The factories had been built by and were operated using forced labor and concentration camp inmates. As early as summer 1941 it became clear that the supply of liquid oxygen would be the bottleneck, limiting the total number of rockets that could be used. The present study is based on a thorough analysis of existing contemporary files today held at the German Bundesarchiv-Militaerarchiv in Freiburg. It describes how liquid oxygen was provided to the German rocket program from its beginnings during the Weimar republic to the collapse of the Third Reich. The text is in German.
Magnetic levitation, based on the weakening of the effect of one of the magnetic fields on the source of another magnetic field when two magnetic fields interact.
Authors: Dudarev Valeriy
Published: January 2025

The article discusses the device and method of creating an electromagnetic force having a strictly defined action vector. In conventional electromagnetic suspensions, the magnetic field created by the electric charges of one conductor acts on the electric charges of another conductor, while a force arises in it. The second conductor creates its own magnetic field, which acts on the charges of the first conductor and creates a counteracting force. In this case, two acting opposite forces balance each other in the system under consideration. The proposed design separates the paths of propagation of magnetic fields in such a way that the opposing force does not arise and does not manifest itself inside the device in question, and the principle of operation of the emerging force and counteraction to it is not fulfilled.
Direct power extraction with oxy-combustion: An overview of magnetohydrodynamic research activities at the netl-Regional University Alliance (RUA)
Authors: Woodside C. Rigel , Richards George , Huckaby E. David , Marzouk Osama , Haworth Daniel C. , Celik Ismail B. , Ochs Thomas , Oryshchyn Danylo , Strakey Peter A. , Casleton Kent H. , Pepper Jeremy , Escobar-Vargas Jose , Zhao Xinyu
Published: January 2025

In conventional oxy-fuel power generation scenarios, oxy-fuel combustion provides no significant advantage other than to simplify CO2 capture. So in terms of power production and efficiency, the energy and costs required to produce that oxygen are a burden. However, the high temperatures possible with oxy-fuel combustion can enable direct electric power extraction from high-temperature electrically-conductive gases using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) principles, which would then be followed by a steam cycle also producing electricity. The combined system would produce a high CO2 exhaust stream - yet with efficiency that may exceed today's best coal power systems. The concept of adding an MHD topping unit to a coal fired power plant in order to directly extract electrical power is not new, and significant effort was made in this direction from about 1973 to 1993. During this time period, it was shown the MHD concept worked in the sense that power was generated, but ultimately development was discontinued due to the high cost of designing, constructing, and operating a complete MHD-steam plant. Additionally, there were a number of technical challenges associated with the technology. Some specific issues cited for coal MHD were slag removal problems, MHD channel operation problems, and cost effectiveness of seed utilization. In this paper, we revisit the use of MHD technology in the context of using it with oxy-combustion to enable cost effective carbon capture. Ongoing research activities within the National Energy Technology Laboratory - Regional University Alliance (NETL-RUA) to address legacy MHD power challenges, and apply new computational tools to MHD power systems are presented. Much has changed since earlier MHD studies: oxygen supplies have become less expensive (because of interest in oxy-fuel for CO2 control). Superconducting magnets have improved substantially. Perhaps the most dramatic technological improvement since previous MHD efforts is in the area of computational modeling. Today, we have three dimensional multi-physics models that could be utilized to design a more effective system (combustor and generator). To begin addressing the combustion issue, current work applies transported probability density function methods to solve the high-temperature combustion problem. An MHD generator model, which considers fluid dynamics and heat transfer, as well as relevant MHD equations involved in the process, is presented. The modeling efforts also address issues in using wall functions to bridge the laminar sublayer to the fully turbulent boundary layer when Lorentz force is dominant or equally important as compared to other forces.
تأثيرات الصناعة النفط على التلوث الهواء (No2) نموذجا في محافظة البصرة – العراق بإستخدام الاستشعار عن بعد
Authors: Abdullah Rebin S. , Zrar Banaz M.
Published: January 2025

تضم محافظة البصرة أكبر ثروة نفطية في العراق، إذ تشير الإحصائيات إلى أنها تملك 15 حقلاً من أصل 77 حقلاً معروفاً، منها 10 حقول منتجة ما زالت تنتظر التطوير، كما تحتوي هذه الحقول احتياطياً نفطياً يزيد على 65 مليار برميل مشكلاً نسبة 59% من أجمالي الاحتياطي النفطي العراقي المثبت، أما إنتاج البصرة من النفط الخام بلغ 3,350 مليون برميل / يوميا أي نسبة 79% من مجمل إنتاج العراق , يعد النفط الخام من أهم وأكبر الموارد الاستراتيجة والاقتصادية والصناعية في البصرة , أن الأنتاج النفط تأثير كبير على تلوث الهواء , يرتبط تأثير صناعة النفط على الهواء بكيفية إستكشافه وإنتاجه وتكريره وتصديره , يعد التلوث الهواء من أخطر المشاكل التي يواجهها الإنسان المعاصر, تؤثر نوعية الهواء بشكل مباشر على صحة الانسان , وخاصة في المناطق صناعات النفطية في محافظة البصرة , تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان التأثير السلبي لصناعة النفط في محافظة البصرة على زيادة مستويات ثاني أكسيد النيتروجين في الغلاف الجوي بإستخدام الرصد الصور الجوية Sental p-5 , نسبة زيادة أو إرتفاع تشكل زيادة نسبة أو إرتفاع مستويات هذا الغاز خطراً كبيرا على محافظة البصرة تم من خلال الدراسة ملاحظة تراكم كمي لثاني أوكسيد النيتروجين في الغلاف الجوي للمحافظة بين السنوات 2021 - 2024 إذ تتراوحت بين 39 - 65 مولارتي للمتر المكعب، والمصدر الرئيس لغاز ثاني أوكسيد النايتروجين هي مناطق تواجد صناعة النفط .
Standardisation and toxicity assessment of Dioscorea hispida (Dennst) tubers: Acute and subchronic dosage studies
Authors: Masfria  , Syahputra H , Celina A , Lingmin S F , Sagala M W B
Published: January 2025

People worldwide have used Dioscorea hispida Dennst to treat various skin diseases. However, Dioscorea hispida tubers are known to be poisonous because they contain cyanide and dioscorine. This research aimed to standardise Dioscorea hispida dried powder and examine tuber extract toxicity effects (acute and subchronic). This research was carried out with sample standardisation according to the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia II. The Regulations of the Republic of Indonesia Food and Drug Supervisory Agency carried out acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Wistar rats were administered different doses of the extract, and observations were made for toxic symptoms, body weight changes, mortality, relative organ weights, and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues. Serum creatinine, ALT, and AST levels were also measured. Dioscorea hispida tubers from North Sumatra and Lampung met the quality standards, whereas those from West Java did not due to high mold/yeast counts. Acute toxicity studies indicated that doses of 300 mg/kg BW and 1000 mg/kg BW caused toxic symptoms and death, classifying the extract as toxic with an LD50 range of 50-500 mg/kg BW. No toxic symptoms were observed at 50 mg/kg BW. Subchronic studies revealed that elevated doses led to significant liver and kidney damage, evidenced by increased creatinine, ALT, AST levels, and histopathological changes. Dioscorea hispida tubers from North Sumatra and Lampung meet quality standards, but those from West Java do not. The tubers have medicinal potential but exhibit high toxicity at elevated doses, necessitating cautious use and further research to ensure safe application and reduce contaminants.
Johannes Friedrich und die Anfänge der Hurritologie
Authors: Wilhelm Gernot
Published: January 2025

The philological and linguistic research into the Hurrian language began in 1889 after the discovery of the Amarna tablets, among which was a very large tablet, the so-called “Mittani tablet,” a letter of almost 500 lines in the Hurrian language, sent by king Tušratta of Mittani to pharao Amenophis III.

In a short time, the meaning of some nouns and verbs could be revealed with the help of letters from the same rulers written in Akkadian. This first phase of decoding the Hurrian language ended with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

The second phase began in 1932 with a publication by Ferdinand Bork and Johannes Friedrich’s new, collation-based transcription of the Mittani letter that appeared in the same year and, after heated arguments in which Bork represented baseless positions, ended in 1939 with the start of the Second World War.