bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are CEOs Different?
Authors: KAPLAN STEVEN N. , SORENSEN MORTEN
Published: March 2021

Using 2,603 executive assessments, we study how CEO candidates differ from candidates for other top management positions, particularly CFOs. More than half of the variation in the 30 assessed characteristics is explained by four factors that we interpret as general ability, execution (vs. interpersonal), charisma (vs. analytical), and strategic (vs. managerial). CEO candidates have more extreme factor scores that differ significantly from those of CFO candidates. Conditional on being considered, candidates with greater general ability and interpersonal skills are more likely to be hired. These and our previous results on CEO success suggest that boards overweight interpersonal skills in hiring CEOs.
Tongue cleaning maintains respiratory function in older individuals: A 1‐year randomised controlled trial
Authors: Izumi Maya , Sonoki Kazuo , Ohta Yuko , Fukuhara Masayo , Nagata Masaharu , Akifusa Sumio
Published: March 2021

Objective

The aim of this 1‐year longitudinal randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of tongue cleaning on the maintenance of respiratory function in older adults requiring care.

Methods

The participants included 24 residents of two nursing homes in Kitakyushu, Japan. The participants were randomised to receive tongue cleaning with routine oral care (intervention group, n = 12), or routine oral care alone (control group, n = 12). Among the participants, three in the intervention group and four in the control group had cerebrovascular disease history, four in the intervention group and four in the control group had a history of cardiac disease, and five in the intervention group and four in the control group were without medical history. Respiratory function was assessed on the basis of the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Tongue pressure, swallowing function, oral health status, activities of daily living and nutritional status were also measured at baseline and at the end of the 1‐year follow‐up period.

Results

The number of analysed participants in each group was 12. In the control group, the PEFR (1.6 [0.4‐4.2] L s−1 vs 1.4 [0.4‐3.2] L s−1, P = .034) and tongue pressure (16.4 [1.7‐35.2] kPa vs 8.0 [1.4‐38.6] kPa, P = .032) significantly declined after 1‐year. However, the PEFR (1.5 [0.8‐2.9] L s−1 vs 1.6 [0.7‐4.2] L s−1, P = .366) and tongue pressure (18.1 [4.2‐37.1] kPa vs 16.1 [5.2‐41] kPa, P = .307) were maintained in the intervention group. The change in the PEFR was significantly greater in the intervention group compared with the control group (0.130 [−0.45‐1.70] L s−1 vs −1.70 [−10.00‐10.00] L s−1, P = .028).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that tongue cleaning may help maintain tongue and respiratory function in older adults requiring care.
Crossing to safety: Attachment processes in intergroup contact
Authors: Tropp Linda R.
Published: March 2021

Inspired by reviews written by Kauff, Marinucci, and their colleagues, this commentary considers our basic human needs for safety and security, and how intergroup contact research may be usefully informed by theoretical perspectives on attachment. First, I summarize early psychological perspectives on safety and security and discuss factors that may undermine people's feelings of being safe and secure. I then introduce some basic principles of attachment theory and describe ways in which intergroup contact research may be viewed through an attachment lens. I conclude with a discussion of emerging research linking attachment processes to the realm of intergroup contact, and how theoretical perspectives on attachment may usefully be applied to future contact research.
Asymmetric shock deformation at the Spider impact structure, Western Australia
Authors: Cox Morgan A. , Cavosie Aaron J. , Poelchau Michael H. , Kenkmann Thomas , Miljković Katarina , Bland Phil A.
Published: March 2021

The distribution of shock deformation effects, as well as the structural expression of an impact structure, can be asymmetric, depending on target rock lithologies (e.g., layered versus homogenous), porosity of target rock, and angle of impact. Here, we present a detailed study of shock‐deformed quartz and zircon in silicified sandstones from the asymmetric Spider impact structure in Australia. We utilize optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques in order to determine the spatial distribution of shock‐deformed zircon along a downrange transect across the central uplift of the structure, with the goal of constraining the physical distribution of shock effects created by an oblique impact. A total of 453 zircon grains from 12 samples of shatter cone‐bearing quartzite and breccia within the structure were surveyed for shock deformation by EBSD in situ within thin sections. Nineteen zircon grains contain {112} twins, including one grain with three twin orientations. Quartz grains from five samples along the transect were also surveyed using a universal stage in order to determine orientations of planar deformation features, planar fractures, and feather features, and to provide a baseline for comparison of data from zircon. The distribution of shocked zircon with {112} twins within the samples surveyed appears to be asymmetric relative to the center of the structure, in contrast to quartz, thus providing the first accessory mineral‐based evidence that supports an asymmetric distribution of shock deformation as a function of impact obliquity. Our results are an example where the highest intensity of observed shock deformation does not correspond to the geographic center of the structure, and may serve as a guide for field studies aimed at documenting the distribution of shock effects at other sites interpreted to result from oblique impacts.
Benford’s law: Applications to ordinary‐chondrite mass distributions
Authors: Rubin Alan E.
Published: March 2021

For ordinary‐chondrite (OC) mass distributions, Benford’s law applies to the set of individual objects that survive intact on the Earth’s surface after atmospheric disruption of meteoroids. Among OCs, Antarctic finds conform more closely to Benford’s law than observed falls, Northwest Africa (NWA) finds, or Oman finds mainly because Antarctic OCs tend to be relatively unweathered (and mostly intact) and have not been aggregated as pairs under collective meteorite names. Deviations from Benford’s law can result from tampering with data sets. The set of OC falls reflects tampering with the original Benford distribution (produced by meteoroid disruption) by the deliberate aggregation of paired individual samples and inefficiencies in the collection of small samples. The sets of NWA and Oman OC finds have been affected by natural “tampering” of the original distributions principally by terrestrial weathering, which can cause sample disintegration. NWA finds were also affected by non‐systematic collection of samples influenced by commercial considerations; collectors preferred type‐3 OC as revealed by the high proportions of such specimens among NWA chondrites relative to those among falls and Oman and Antarctic finds. The percentage of type‐4 OC among falls is appreciably lower than in the sets of finds. This suggests that type‐4 chondrites are friable and disintegrate into numerous pieces; these are counted individually for the sets of finds, but collectively for falls. However, the fact that the percentages of type‐3 OC are not generally higher for finds may be that these samples tend to break into small pieces that are preferentially lost.
Pheromone receptor of the globally invasive quarantine pest of the palm tree, the red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)
Authors: Antony Binu , Johny Jibin , Montagné Nicolas , Jacquin‐Joly Emmanuelle , Capoduro Rémi , Cali Khasim , Persaud Krishna , Al‐Saleh Mohammed Ali , Pain Arnab
Published: March 2021

Palm trees are of immense economic, sociocultural, touristic, and patrimonial significance all over the world, and date palm‐related knowledge, traditions, and practices are now included in UNESCOs list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Of all the pests that infest these trees, the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is its primary enemy. The RPW is a category‐1 quarantine insect pest that causes enormous economic losses in palm tree cultivation worldwide. The RPW synchronizes mass gathering on the palm tree for feeding and mating, regulated by a male‐produced pheromone composed of two methyl‐branched compounds, (4RS, 5RS)‐4‐methylnonan‐5‐ol (ferrugineol) and 4(RS)‐methylnonan‐5‐one (ferrugineone). Despite the importance of odorant detection in long‐range orientation towards palm trees, palm colonization, and mating, the pheromone receptor has not been identified in this species. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of the first RPW pheromone receptor, RferOR1. Using gene silencing and functional expression in Drosophila olfactory receptor neurons, we demonstrate that RferOR1 is tuned to ferrugineol and ferrugineone and binds five other structurally related molecules. We reveal the lifetime expression of RferOR1, which correlates with adult mating success irrespective of age, a factor that could explain the wide distribution and spread of this pest. As palm weevils are challenging to control based on conventional methods, elucidation of the mechanisms of pheromone detection opens new routes for mating disruption and the early detection of this pest via the development of pheromone receptor‐based biosensors.
Delayed‐onset cortical blindness with movement disorders after cardiac arrest: Two new cases with literature review
Authors: Sahin Turgut , Olmez Busra , Togay Isikay Canan
Published: March 2021

Anoxic brain injury following cardiac arrest causes serious neurological sequela and mortality. Cortical blindness is a known manifestation of anoxic brain injury. However, its delayed‐onset presentation is very rare. Here, we report two patients with an anoxic brain injury who were effectively resuscitated after cardiac arrest, and subsequently developed delayed‐onset cortical blindness and movement disorders. We also provide a literature review of previously reported similar cases. These cases highlight that even in successfully revived patients, anoxic brain injury‐related neurological deficits could appear late in the course and may be permanent in 25% of the cases.
Diagnostic yield and reliability of post‐prandial high‐resolution manometry and impedance‐ph for detecting rumination and supragastric belching in PPI non‐responders
Authors: DeLay Kelli , Pandolfino John E. , Roman Sabine , Gyawali C. Prakash , Savarino Edoardo , Tye Michael , Kaizer Alexander , Yadlapati Rena
Published: March 2021

Background

Supragastric belching (SGB) and rumination are behavioral disorders associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) non‐response and can be diagnosed using multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) and post‐prandial high‐resolution impedance manometry (PPHRIM). This pilot study compared diagnostic yield and inter‐rater agreement for SGB and rumination using MII‐pH and PPHRIM.

Methods

Three esophageal physiologists performed blinded interpretations of MII‐pH and PPHRIM in 22 PPI non‐responders. Raters selected from 4 diagnostic impressions (normal, GERD, behavioral disorders, GERD+behavioral disorders) without clinical context. Primary outcomes were diagnostic impressions compared against clinical gold standard impression, between raters, and between test modalities. Following a 28‐month wash‐out period, raters re‐interpreted MII‐pH with clinical context and under consensus definition of diagnostic criteria.

Key Results

Compared to gold standard, rater accuracy for presence of behavioral disorders ranged from 45 to 77% on MII‐pH and 45–59% on PPHRIM. On MII‐pH, inter‐rater agreement was fair for diagnosis (ĸ0.32, p < 0.01) and suboptimal for presence of behavioral disorders (ĸ0.13, p = 0.14). On PPHRIM, inter‐rater agreement was suboptimal for both diagnosis (ĸ0.03, p = 0.34) and presence of a behavioral disorder (ĸ‐0.22, p = 0.96). Inter‐rater agreement improved in post hoc MII‐pH interpretations. Rumination was more frequently identified on PPHRIM (23, 35%) compared to MII‐pH (7, 11%).

Conclusions and Inferences

Diagnostic accuracy and inter‐rater agreement are higher for MII‐pH than PPHRIM, and behavioral disorders are more frequently identified on PPHRIM. Identifying behavioral disorders on MII‐pH and PPHRIM has implications for clinical evaluation of PPI non‐response; clinical context is essential for accurate study interpretation. Further work is needed to standardize definitions and interpretations.
Duodenal eosinophilia and the link to anxiety: A population‐based endoscopic study
Authors: Ronkainen Jukka , Aro Pertti , Jones Mike , Walker Marjorie M. , Agréus Lars , Andreasson Anna , Talley Nicholas J.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The concept of gut‐to‐brain communication via microbial or inflammatory pathways is gaining increased attention but genuine pathology directly linking gut perturbation to anxiety is lacking. We hypothesized that duodenal eosinophilia, as known to occur in functional dyspepsia (FD), may be an underlying cause of anxiety and may help explain the striking association between FD and anxiety.

Methods

Randomly selected subjects from the national population register of Sweden completed the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire; 1000 completed esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Duodenal biopsies were obtained from 1st (D1) and 2nd portion (D2). Eligible subjects who underwent endoscopy (n = 887) were invited to participate in a 10‐year follow‐up study with the same questionnaires. Among endoscopy normal subjects, FD was identified by Rome criteria, and controls were symptom free. Duodenal eosinophilia was based on pre‐defined cut‐offs. Finding are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval and p‐value.

Results

The study population comprised 89 cases with FD and 124 healthy controls (mean age 62 years, SD 12, 34% male). Clinical anxiety at follow‐up was elevated in those with D1 eosinophilia at baseline considering either new‐onset anxiety (OR = 4.5, 95% CI 0.8, 23.8; p = 0.08) or follow‐up anxiety adjusting for baseline anxiety (OR = 4.51 (95% CI 1.03, 19.81; p = 0.046).

Conclusion

Duodenal eosinophilia may potentially be a mechanism linked to anxiety independent of FD.
A macro‐ecological approach to predation density‐dependence
Authors: Barbier Matthieu , Wojcik Laurie , Loreau Michel
Published: March 2021

Predation often deviates from the law of mass action: many micro‐ and meso‐scale experiments have shown that consumption saturates with resource abundance, and decreases due to interference between consumers. But does this observation hold at macro‐ecological scales, spanning many species and orders of magnitude in biomass? If so, what are its consequences for large‐scale ecological patterns and dynamics?

We perform a meta‐analysis of predator–prey pairs of mammals, birds and reptiles, and show that total predation rates appear to increase, not as the product of predator and prey densities following the Lotka–Volterra (mass action) model, but rather as the square root of that product. This suggests a phenomenological power‐law expression of the effective cross‐ecosystem predation rate. We discuss whether the same power‐law may hold dynamically within an ecosystem, and assuming that it does, we explore its consequences in a simple food chain model. The empirical exponents fall close to the boundary between regimes of donor and consumer limitation. Exponents on this boundary are singular in multiple ways. First, they maximize predator abundance and some stability metrics. Second, they create proportionality relations between biomass and productivity, both within and between trophic levels. These intuitive relations do not hold in general in mass action models, yet they are widely observed empirically.

These results provide evidence of mechanisms limiting predation across multiple ecological scales. Some of this evidence was previously associated with donor control, but we show that it supports a wider range of possibilities, including forms of consumer control. As limiting consumption counter‐intuitively allows larger populations, it is worthwhile to reconsider whether the observed predation rates arise from microscopic mechanisms, or could hint at selective pressure at the population level.
Safety and Effectiveness of Orthopaedic Medical Staff in Providing Support in Combating the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Investigation from Wuhan, China
Authors: Wen Yin‐xian , Wang Hua , Tie Kai , Ni Qu‐bo , Qin Jun , Tan Yang , Pan Zheng‐qi , Chen Biao , He Hang‐yuan , Chen Liao‐bin
Published: March 2021

Objective

To evaluate whether it is safe and effective for orthopaedic medical staff to provide support to the work against COVID‐19.

Methods

One hundred and twenty‐two orthopaedic medical staff from the orthopaedic center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University were included in this retrospective investigation. A total of 43 surgeons and 69 nurses provided medical support in the treatment of COVID‐19 patients from 1 January 2020 to 8 April 2020 in four different hospitals in Wuhan. We collected data on the age, gender, and body temperature of orthopaedic medical staff, as well as the results for their chest CT scans, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA, SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG tests, and training and examinations on COVID‐19 knowledge. We also collected data on the time span of work, the number of infected staff during the support period, the number of COVID‐19 patients the surgeons treated and the cure rate, the performance of the surgeons as assessed by the specialists and patients, and the number of infected staff during the pandemic.

Results

Among the 49 surgeons and 73 nurses, 43 surgeons and 69 nurses provided support against COVID‐19. A total of 12 surgeons and 11 nurses provided support in the fields of respiration, intensive care, and emergency. A total of 34 surgeons and 58 nurses worked in the designated wards restructured for COVID‐19 in the orthopaedic building. The average time span of work for the surgeons and nurses was 14.78 ± 3.64 days and 24.77 ± 7.58 days, respectively. No staff were infected during the support period. Over 1000 patients were received in the fever clinic by orthopaedic surgeons. The overall number of the treated hospitalized patients was 622. Among these patients, 226 cases were mild, 318 were mild to moderate, and 58 were severe or critical. The cure rate was 96.01%, 99.37%, and 52.00% respectively. The performance of the surgeons was scored 87.02 ± 3.17 and 90.69 ± 3.58 by the specialists and the patients, respectively. During the whole pandemic, 3 surgeons and 3 nurses who did not participate in the support work were infected in the early stages. The morbidity of all the orthopaedic staff was 4.92% during the whole pandemic, while no one was infected during the support work.

Conclusion

Our investigation indicated that although they worked outside their specialty, it was safe and effective for the orthopaedic staff to provide medical support in the work against COVID‐19 with adequate precautions and proper training.
Image similarity‐based cardiac rhythm device identification from X‐rays using feature point matching
Authors: Higaki Akinori , Kurokawa Tsukasa , Kazatani Takuro , Kido Shinsuke , Aono Tetsuya , Matsuda Kensho , Tanaka Yuta , Kosaki Tetsuya , Kawamura Go , Shigematsu Tatsuya , Kawada Yoshitaka , Hiasa Go , Yamada Tadakatsu , Okayama Hideki
Published: March 2021

Aims

Identifying the manufacturer and the type of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is important in emergent clinical settings. Recent studies have illustrated that artificial neural network models can successfully recognize CIEDs from chest X‐ray images. However, all existing methods require a vast amount of medical data to train the classification model. Here, we have proposed a novel method to retrieve an identical CIED image from an image database by employing the feature point matching algorithm.

Methods and results

A total of 653 unique X‐ray images from 456 patients who visited our pacemaker clinic between April 2012 and August 2020 were collected. The device images were manually square‐shaped, and was thereafter resized to 224 × 224 pixels. A scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm was used to extract the keypoints from the query image and reference images. Paired feature points were selected via brute‐force matching, and the average Euclidean distance was calculated. The image with the shortest average distance was defined as the most similar image. The classification performance was indicated by accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score for detecting the manufacturers and model groups, respectively. The average accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐1 score for the manufacturer classification were 97.0%, 0.97, 0.96, and 0.96, respectively. For the model classification task, the average accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐1 score were 93.2%, 0.94, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively, all of which were higher than those of the previously reported machine learning models.

Conclusion

Feature point matching is useful for identifying CIEDs from X‐ray images.
A survey of the global impact of COVID‐19 on the practice of pediatric anesthesia: A study from the pediatric anesthesia COVID‐19 Collaborative Group
Authors: Soneru Codruta N. , Fernandez Allison M. , Bradford Victoria , Staffa Steven J. , Raman Vidya T. , Cravero Joseph , Zurakowski David , Meier Petra M. ,   the Pediatric Anesthesia COVID‐19 Collaborative
Published: March 2021

Background

Pediatric anesthesiology has been greatly impacted by COVID‐19 in the delivery of care to patients and to the individual providers. With this study, we sought to survey pediatric centers and highlight the variations in care related to perioperative medicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including the availability of protective equipment, the practice of pediatric anesthesia, and economic impact.

Aim

The aim of the survey was to determine how COVID‐19 directly impacted pediatric anesthesia practices during the study period.

Methods

A survey concerning four major domains (testing, safety, clinical management/policy, economics) was developed. It was pilot tested for clarity and content by members of the Pediatric Anesthesia COVID‐19 Collaborative. The survey was administered by email to all Pediatric Anesthesia COVID‐19 Collaborative members on September 1, 2020. Respondents had six weeks to complete the survey and were instructed to answer the questions based on their institution's practice during September 1 ‐ October 13, 2020.

Results

Sixty‐three institutions (100% response rate) participated in the COVID‐19 Pediatric Anesthesia Survey. Forty‐one hospitals (65%) were from the United States, and 35% included other countries. N95 masks were available to anesthesia teams at 91% of institutions (n = 57) (95% CI: 80%–96%). COVID‐19 testing criteria of anesthesia staff and guidelines to return to work varied by institution. Structured simulation training aimed at improving COVID‐19 safety and patient care occurred at 62% of institutions (n = 39). Pediatric anesthesiologists were economically affected by a reduction in their employer benefits and restriction of travel due to employer imposed quarantine regulations.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that the COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted the testing, safety, clinical management, and economics of pediatric anesthesia practice. Further investigation into the long‐term consequences for the specialty is indicated.
Cyber risk management: History and future research directions
Authors: Eling Martin , McShane Michael , Nguyen Trung
Published: March 2021

Cybersecurity research started in the late 1960s and has continuously evolved under different names such as computer security and information security. This article briefly covers that history but will especially focus on the latest incarnation known as “cyber risk management,” which includes both technical and economic/management dimensions. The main focus of the article is to review research on individual steps of the cyber risk management process and on the overall process to highlight gaps and determine research directions. Two main findings are that cyber risk is difficult to include in the overall enterprise risk management process and that a move toward cyber resilience is necessary to deal with such a complex risk. Both findings require a level of interdisciplinary collaboration that is currently lacking.
Improv to improve medical student communication
Authors: Grossman Catherine E , Lemay Megan , Kang Le , Byland Elizabeth , Anderson Aaron D , Nestler John E , Santen Sally A
Published: March 2021

Background

Effective patient provider communication skills can be difficult and time‐consuming to teach. Deliberate practice of communication skills through improvisational theatre exercises, with structured debriefing, can provide a solution for teaching patient‐centred communication skills in time‐limited settings. The objective of this study was to determine if improvisational theatre exercises improved the ratings of patient satisfaction and empathetic communication by standardised patients.

Methods

This was a randomised controlled trial looking at the effect of improvisational theatre exercises on ratings of patient satisfaction and empathetic communication. Third‐year medical students (n = 188) participated in a formative team‐based standardised patient (SP) experience. Prior to the SP experience, teams of students were randomly assigned to receive a 45‐minute communication‐focused improvisation intervention (immediately before the SP experience) or to a control arm without intervention. All teams then participated in the SP experience; the SPs (blinded to team randomisation assignment) then assessed each team's empathetic communication and completed patient satisfaction questions focused on physician behaviours derived from Press GaneyTM and the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and System SurveysTM. Fifty teams of three or four students participated; 20 teams in the intervention arm and 30 teams in the control arm.

Results

Student teams in the improvisation intervention group had increased measures of empathetic communication (p = 0.04) compared to the control group. The intervention group had increased patient satisfaction survey ratings of ‘ability to listen carefully’ (p = 0.001) and of ‘physician skills’ compared to control groups (p = 0.03).

Discussion

Improv exercises with students increased students’ empathetic communication and patient satisfaction as assessed by standardised patients.
Resorbable self‐locking device for canine lung lobectomy: A clinical and experimental study
Authors: Ishigaki Kumiko , Höglund Odd Viking , Asano Kazushi
Published: March 2021

Objective

To test the feasibility of a resorbable self‐locking device for sealing of lung tissue in lung lobectomy in experimental dogs and dogs with pulmonary mass, and to study its resorption with CT.

Study design

Experimental study and clinical case series.

Animals

Five beagles in the experimental group; six canine patients with a pulmonary mass in the clinical group.

Methods

In both groups, an intercostal incision into thorax was performed. A resorbable self‐locking device, LigaTie, was applied at the hilum of left cranial lobe in the experimental group and the affected lobe in the clinical group. Each lobe was removed by cutting the tissue just distal to the device. Video‐assisted thoracic surgery was used in the experimental group; postoperative diagnostic imaging was repeated monthly until the device was not apparent on CT.

Results

Application of LigaTie was feasible for lung lobectomy in all dogs. The device enabled en bloc ligation of the hilum of the affected lobe including the pulmonary arteries and veins and lobular bronchus. No air leakage from the resection stump was observed in any dog. Trace of the device on CT images gradually decreased and was undetectable at 4 months postoperatively in experimental dogs.

Conclusion

This study suggested that the resorbable self‐locking device may be used for sealing of airways in complete lung lobectomy.

Clinical relevance

The resorbable self‐locking device is suggested to be useful for canine lung lobectomy and may facilitate thoracoscopic lung lobectomy. Further investigations on its clinical application in small animal surgery are warranted.
Asserting Koreanness in South Korean middle school English textbooks
Authors: Kim Sun‐Hee , Lee Hikyoung
Published: March 2021

In response to recent trends in recognizing English as the language of international communication, this study examines the extent to which English textbooks used in the South Korean education system incorporate properties of what it means to be a legitimate Korean speaker of English. By adopting a thematic approach to critical discourse analysis, the study explores seven government‐authorized middle school English textbook series widely used in Korea. Analyses center around the themes of ownership of English and identity formation, naming order convention, national independence, contentious territorial disputes, and repatriation. Findings reveal how asserting national identity and learning English are jointly framed and reflected in the textbooks. The study discusses how discourses are constructed to present opportunities for promoting learners’ cultivation of Koreanness pertaining to dominant ideologies and contemporary identity issues while enhancing their awareness in positioning themselves as competent members in the global community through the course of learning of English.
On dualizability of braided tensor categories
Authors: Brochier Adrien , Jordan David , Snyder Noah
Published: March 2021

We study the question of dualizability in higher Morita categories of locally presentable tensor categories and braided tensor categories. Our main results are that the 3-category of rigid tensor categories with enough compact projectives is 2-dualizable, that the 4-category of rigid braided tensor categories with enough compact projectives is 3-dualizable, and that (in characteristic zero) the 4-category of braided multi-fusion categories is 4-dualizable. Via the cobordism hypothesis, this produces respectively two-, three- and four-dimensional framed local topological field theories. In particular, we produce a framed three-dimensional local topological field theory attached to the category of representations of a quantum group at any value of$q$.
Intermuscular coherence analysis in older adults reveals that gait‐related arm swing drives lower limb muscles via subcortical and cortical pathways
Authors: Weersink Joyce B. , de Jong Bauke M. , Halliday David M. , Maurits Natasha M.
Published: March 2021

Key points

Gait‐related arm swing in humans supports efficient lower limb muscle activation, indicating a neural coupling between the upper and lower limbs during gait.

Intermuscular coherence analyses of gait‐related electromyography from upper and lower limbs in 20 healthy participants identified significant coherence in alpha and beta/gamma bands indicating that upper and lower limbs share common subcortical and cortical drivers that coordinate the rhythmic four‐limb gait pattern.

Additional directed connectivity analyses revealed that upper limb muscles drive and shape lower limb muscle activity during gait via subcortical and cortical pathways and to a lesser extent vice versa.

The results provide a neural underpinning that arm swing may serve as an effective rehabilitation therapy concerning impaired gait in neurological diseases.

Human gait benefits from arm swing, as it enhances efficient lower limb muscle activation in healthy participants as well as patients suffering from neurological impairment. The underlying neuronal mechanisms of such coupling between upper and lower limbs remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to examine this coupling by intermuscular coherence analysis during gait. Additionally, directed connectivity analysis of this coupling enabled assessment of whether gait‐related arm swing indeed drives lower limb muscles. To that end, electromyography recordings were obtained from four lower limb muscles and two upper limb muscles bilaterally, during gait, of 20 healthy participants (mean (SD) age 67 (6.8) years). Intermuscular coherence analysis revealed functional coupling between upper and lower limb muscles in the alpha and beta/gamma band during muscle specific periods of the gait cycle. These effects in the alpha and beta/gamma bands indicate involvement of subcortical and cortical sources, respectively, that commonly drive the rhythmic four‐limb gait pattern in an efficiently coordinated fashion. Directed connectivity analysis revealed that upper limb muscles drive and shape lower limb muscle activity during gait via subcortical and cortical pathways and to a lesser extent vice versa. This indicates that gait‐related arm swing reflects the recruitment of neuronal support for optimizing the cyclic movement pattern of the lower limbs. These findings thus provide a neural underpinning for arm swing to potentially serve as an effective rehabilitation therapy concerning impaired gait in neurological diseases.
Cooperation, Innovation and Tourism in the Grape and Wine Region, Brazil
Authors: Salvagni Julice , Nodari Cristine Hermann , Valduga Vander
Published: March 2021

This literature review aimed to understand the territorial certification process of Grape and Wine Region in order to analyze the potential associative actions that can lead to innovations in wine tourism. The handcrafted wines suffered from competition and drove small farmers to compete with private capital, fostering the creation of several production cooperatives, consumer credit and, in the interests of microcluster organisation. This is a rural development model for the innovation of tourism projects, whose translation is carried out in the territories of cooperation. Local changes can influence economic dynamism, improve living conditions of the local population and generate social opportunities within the local economy.
Impacto territorial del manejo forestal comunitario en la Sierra Norte de Puebla, 2003-2017
Authors: Ceballos Pérez Sergio Gabriel
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es conocer el impacto territorial que tiene el manejo forestal comunitario (MFC) en la Sierra Norte de Puebla (SNP), en el periodo que comprende del 2003 al 2017. El MFC es entendido teóricamente aquí como una forma de organización colectiva y de gobernanza ambiental; el territorio, como un reflejo del comportamiento social. En el presente texto se utiliza metodología cuantitativa, mediante el análisis de indicadores económico-ambientales, tales como volúmenes de la producción, planes de manejo, subsidios, cambios de uso del suelo; así mismo, se realizaron visitas en campo y entrevistas para el análisis cualitativo. A partir del análisis de los resultados obtenidos, pudo concluirse que la cobertura forestal no sufrió pérdidas después del MFC, por el contrario, se incrementó en un 8% (64.33 km2). Como conclusión, podría estipularse que el modelo del MFC en la SNP presenta impactos positivos sobre el territorio.
Knowledge Management and Innovation in Agricultural Organizations:
Authors: Flores Lopez Jose Guadalupe , Ochoa Jiménez Sergio , Jacobo Hernandez Carlos Armando
Published: March 2021

Agricultural activity in the rural sector has been studied mainly in terms of technical questions regarding cultivation; however, the organizational aspects that generate added value, such as knowledge, have rarely been addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and innovation in rural agricultural organizations in northwestern Mexico. A questionnaire with composed of 36 items and a thorough interview was applied to seven leading organizations of the Yaqui Valley (YV). The results reveal a positive and significant relationship between knowledge management and innovation.
Productive reconfiguration, reproduction strategies and social capital in rural spaces: an exploratory analysis in the northwest of the State of Mexicoico
Authors: Custodio González Carlos Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Este artículo explora la relación que mantienen las estrategias de reproducción social con las características socioeconómicas, actividades agrícolas y no agrícolas, así como el capital social de las unidades domésticas campesinas. Mediante un estudio de caso fundamentado en una encuesta aplicada en la comunidad de Mavoro, localizada al noroeste del Estado de México, se identificó la complementariedad entre las actividades agrícolas y no agrícolas, como la principal estrategia de reproducción. Sin embargo, la complementariedad productiva, cumple funciones diferenciadas entre los hogares rurales, resultado de factores como: tamaño de la parcela, escolaridad, edad, capital social de vinculación y capital social de puente.
Tenencia de la tierra y relaciones de producción. Dimensiones ineludibles en la resiliencia de campesinos (Municipio de Marulanda, Caldas-Colombia)
Authors: Triviño Bedoya Catalina , Córdoba Vargas Cindy Alexandra , Toro Calderón Javier
Published: March 2021

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo evidenciar la necesidad de incluir aspectos relativos a la interrelación entre la estructura agraria, las relaciones de producción y la capacidad de agencia, lo cual conlleva el análisis de la resiliencia, entendiendo ésta, como la capacidad de cambio, aprendizaje y transformación en múltiples escalas. Con el fin de evaluar la pertinencia de incluir estos aspectos, se aplicó un estudio de caso en agroecosistemas del municipio de Marulanda (Departamento de Caldas, Colombia), quedó demostrada su resiliencia y ésta fue analizada desde el punto de vista de los campesinos. La cual se vio disminuida por el mantenimiento de relaciones de producción semifeudales, expresadas en la concentración de la tierra, la servidumbre y el gamonalismo.
The Effect of Transverse Shear Deformation on the Bending of Elastic Plates
Authors: Reissner Eric
Published: March 2021

A system of equations is developed for the theory of bending of thin elastic plates which takes into account the transverse shear deformability of the plate. This system of equations is of such nature that three boundary conditions can and must be prescribed along the edge of the plate. The general solution of the system of equations is obtained in terms of two plane harmonic functions and one function which is the general solution of the equation Δψ − (10/h2)ψ = 0. The general results of the paper are applied (a) to the problem of torsion of a rectangular plate, (b) to the problems of plain bending and pure twisting of an infinite plate with a circular hole. In these two problems important differences are noted between the results of the present theory and the results obtained by means of the classical plate theory. It is indicated that the present theory may be applied to other problems where the deviations from the results of classical plate theory are of interest. Among these other problems is the determination of the reactions along the edges of a simply supported rectangular plate, where the classical theory leads to concentrated reactions at the corners of the plate. These concentrated reactions will not occur in the solution of the foregoing problem by means of the theory given in the present paper.
Dynamics of an Elastic Bar
Authors: Wikander O. R.
Published: March 2021

The dynamics of an elastic bar, solid and with free slack, are of importance as a convenient basis for the study of train dynamics, owing to the similarity in behavior of the individual cars in a long train to that of the particles in an elastic bar. The analyses given in this paper deal with the behavior of such bars under conditions corresponding to the starting, the braking, and the change in grade of the track of a long train, without or with free slack. It is assumed that the stress and strain in the solid parts of the bar are proportional.
A General Method for Calculating Critical Speeds of Flexible Rotors
Authors: Prohl M. A.
Published: March 2021

The existing methods for determining critical speeds are subject to the following limitations: On the one hand the methods that are general, i.e., that permit the calculation of higher critical speeds as well as the fundamental, involve computations so complicated as to be impractical for any but the simplest of rotors. On the other hand, the methods for which the computations are comparatively simple, such as the familiar methods of Rayleigh and Stodola, lack generality in that critical speeds other than the fundamental cannot be definitely determined (1). The calculation method presented in this paper combines generality with comparative simplicity. Any critical speed—first, second, or higher—may be calculated with equal ease. The rotor may have any number of spans and its cross section may vary in any prescribed manner provided circular symmetry is maintained. Any number of disks or symmetrical masses may be attached. The shaft journals may be considered to be elastically supported in the bearing with respect to both deflection and tilting of the journals; the elastic constants must, however, be symmetrical. The so-called “gyroscopic effect” associated with the moment of inertia of the disks on the rotor may be readily taken into account.
Filmwise Condensation From Humid Air on a Vertical Superhydrophilic Surface: Explicit Roles of the Humidity Ratio Difference and the Degree of Subcooling
Authors: Das Chayan , Gupta Rohit , Halder Saikat , Datta Amitava , Ganguly Ranjan
Published: March 2021

The process involving heat and mass transfer during filmwise condensation (FWC) in the presence of noncondensable gases (NCG) has great significance in a large variety of engineering applications. Traditionally, the condensation heat transfer is expressed in the literature as a function of the degree of subcooling—reckoned as the difference between the ambient dry bulb temperature and the condenser wall temperature. However, in the presence of NCG, there exists a finite gradient of vapor mass fraction near the condenser plate, which directly influences the vapor mass flux to the condenser surface, thus limiting the condensation rate. The effects of both these influencing thermodynamic parameters, i.e., the degree of subcooling and the difference of humidity ratio (between the freestream environment and on the condenser plate), have been characterized in this work both experimentally and through a mechanistic model. The vapor mass flux during condensation on a subcooled vertical superhydrophilic surface under free convection regime is experimentally measured in a controlled environment (temperature and humidity) chamber. The mechanistic model, based on the similarity of energy and species transports, is formulated for the thermogravitational boundary layer over the condenser plate and tuned against the experimental results. Further, the model is used to obtain comprehensive data of the condensate mass flux and condensation heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) as functions of the salient thermal operating conditions over a wide parametric range. Results indicate that humidity ratio difference has a more pronounced influence on the condensation mass transfer rather than the degree of subcooling. Regime maps of condensate flux and CHTC show how these can be explicitly identified in terms of the degree of subcooling and humidity ratio difference, regardless of the prevailing thermal and humidity conditions at the freestream and the condenser plate. The mechanistic model thus lends to the development of empirical correlations of condensate mass flux and CHTC as explicit functions of these two parameters for easy use in practical FWC configurations.
Comparative Analysis of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Circular and Rhombus Pin Fin Heat Sink Using Nanofluid
Authors: Sreehari Dungali , Prajapati Yogesh K.
Published: March 2021

Numerical investigation has been carried out to compare the heat transfer performance and fluid flow behavior of microchannel heat sinks with circular and rhombus pin fins which are arranged in an in-line manner. Diameter and sides are 1 mm for circular and rhombus fins. Three-dimensional (3D) computational domain has been simulated using two types of cooling medium, i.e., water and Al2O3–H2O nanofluid. A comprehensive comparative analysis has been presented considering the coolants and pin fin profiles as variable parameters. Two operating variables, i.e., heat flux (q) and Reynolds number (Re), are varied in the range of q = 100–400 kW/m2 and Re = 100–400. A total of 64 cases have been simulated to identify the promising features of both the pin fins attributed to improved heat transfer and overall thermal performance. Comparison has also been made between the coolant medium to find out their heat dissipation potential and flow characteristics in the heat sink. Results obtained in terms of average bottom wall temperature, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number (Nu), and pressure drop demonstrate that heat sink with rhombus pin fins dissipates more heat compared to its counterpart. It is attributed to the shape and geometry of rhombus fins that facilitate distinct fluid flow behavior; nevertheless, the pressure drop is less in the circular fin heat sink. Moreover, for constant value of Re, nanofluid extracts more heat compared to water in both configurations of the heat sink.
Coupled Neutronics–Mechanics Analysis Method for Evaluation of Reactivity Change Due to Core Distortion in Sodium Fast Reactor
Authors: Bodi Janos , Ponomarev Alexander , Mikityuk Konstantin
Published: March 2021

In this article, a reactor core mechanical analysis method is introduced to provide a tool to calculate the reactivity effect of the fuel subassembly displacement in the reactor core, which is an important problem for reactor types such as the sodium-cooled fast reactor. The presented method relies on the following two main steps: (1) Core deformation calculation through a computer-aided design-based finite element solver and (2) static neutronic simulation on the original undeformed and deformed core models with a Monte Carlo code to quantify the reactivity effect. The technique makes it possible to accurately simulate the deformed geometry of the reactor core and to use this deformed shape model directly in the neutronic analysis. This article includes the verification process which was conducted to compare the accuracy of the finite element solver to the theoretical solutions regarding the deformation of a hexagonal subassembly. Moreover, the neutronic calculation accuracy has been demonstrated. Following this, a validation work has been performed on the Phenix sodium-cooled fast reactor based on the data obtained from previous, end-of-life test, and experimental setup. This procedure proved the accuracy of the presented methodology for both the verification and the validation cases, giving the capability to assess the reactivity effect of a nonuniform core deformation in a sodium-cooled fast reactor.