bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The unearthed bronze coin molds and the evolution of coin technology in the Warring States period and Qin-Han dynasties
Authors: Huang Juan
Published: December 2020

Coin-minting models and molds can be classified into grand master patterns, master patterns, and casting molds, based on function. The archaeological data available at present show that the bronze coin molds are mainly master patterns and casting molds. This paper makes an as complete as possible collection of archaeologically unearthed bronze molds from the Warring States period to the Qin-Han dynasty, and then classifies them based on coin-minting technology and their functions and forms. After that, the ways to make the molds and to use them to mint coins, as well as the development procedure from vertical mold assembly technology to stack-casting technology are observed. Finally, the social background of the evolution of the coin-minting technology in this period is discussed.
Finite Difference Method on Non-Uniform Meshes for Time Fractional Diffusion Problem
Authors: Qiao Haili , Cheng Aijie
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we consider the time fractional diffusion equation with Caputo fractional derivative. Due to the singularity of the solution at the initial moment, it is difficult to achieve an ideal convergence rate when the time discretization is performed on uniform meshes.
Therefore, in order to improve the convergence order, the Caputo time fractional derivative term is discretized by the

L
⁢
2

-

1
σ

{L2-1_{\sigma}}

format on non-uniform meshes, with

σ
=

1
-

α
2

{\sigma=1-\frac{\alpha}{2}}

, while the spatial derivative term is approximated by the classical central difference scheme on uniform meshes. According to the summation formula of positive integer k power, and considering

k
=

3
,
4
,
5

{k=3,4,5}

, we propose three non-uniform meshes for time discretization. Through theoretical analysis, different time convergence orders

O
⁢

(

N

-

min
⁡

{

k
⁢
α

,
2
}

)

{O(N^{-\min\{k\alpha,2\}})}

can be obtained, where N denotes the number of time splits. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by several numerical examples.
Graph automorphisms for compression
Authors: Čibej Uroš , Mihelič Jurij
Published: December 2020

Detecting automorphisms is a natural way to identify redundant information presented in structured data. When such redundancies are detected they can be used for data compression. In this paper we explore two different classes of graphs to capture this intuitive property of automorphisms. Symmetry-compressible graphs are the first class which introduces the basic concepts but use only global symmetries for the compression. In order for this concept to be more practical, we need to use local symmetries. Thus, we extend the basic graph class with Near Symmetry compressible graphs. Furthermore, we develop two algorithms that can be used to compress practical instances and empirically evaluate them on a set of realistic graphs.
On a characterization of exponential, Pearson and Pareto distributions via covariance and pseudo-covariance
Authors: Pawlas Piotr , Szynal Dominik
Published: December 2020

Properties of linear regression of order statistics and their functions are usually utilized for the characterization of distributions. In this paper, based on such statistics, the concept of Pearson covariance and the pseudo-covariance measure of dependence is used to characterize the exponential, Pearson and Pareto distributions.
Sartres Lösung zur Antinomie der sozialen Realität in derKritik der dialektischen Vernunft
Authors: Gardner Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Critics have standardly regarded Sartre’sCritique of Dialectical Reasonas an abortive attempt to overcome the subjectivist individualism of his early philosophy, motivated by a recognition thatBeing and Nothingnesslacks ethical and political significance, but derailed by Sartre’s Marxism. In this paper I offer an interpretation of theCritiquewhich, if correct, shows it to offer a coherent and highly original account of social and political reality, which merits attention both in its own right and as a reconstruction of the philosophical foundation of Marxism. The key to Sartre’s theory of collective and historical existence in theCritiqueis a thesis carried over fromBeing and Nothingness: intersubjectivity on Sartre’s account is inherently aporetic, and social ontology reproduces in magnified form its limited intelligibility, lack of transparency, and necessary frustration of the demands of freedom. Sartre’s further conjecture – which can be formulateda prioribut requiresa posterioriverification – is that man’s collective historical existence may be understood as the means by which the antinomy within human freedom, insoluble at the level of the individual, is finally overcome. TheCritiqueprovides therefore the ethical theory promised inBeing and Nothingness.
Aristotle on the Soul as Harmony
Authors: Vogiatzi Melpomeni
Published: December 2020

A topic common to both Plato’s and Aristotle’s discussions of theories of the soul is the doctrine of the soul as a harmony of the parts of the body. Plato’sPhaedoas well as Aristotle’sDe animaandEudemuspresent this theory and argue against the identification of the soul as a harmony. This paper has two focuses, one philosophical and one historical. First, I will focus on the argumentation used by Aristotle in his dialogueEudemus,which is often associated with Aristotle’s early attachment to Plato. On the basis of the argumentation against theharmoniatheory, I will try to show that theEudemusis not a dialogue that depicts Aristotle’s Platonic phase. Instead, by comparing the arguments of theEudemuswith both Plato and Aristotle’s mature thought, I will argue that the argumentation of theEudemusseems to be an indirect attack on Plato’s view on the Forms and on the nature of the soul, and that it seems to be consistent with Aristotle’s mature workOn the Soul. Second, given that Aristotle discusses this topic twice, I will try, also on the basis of conclusions about theEudemusand on later reception of Aristotle’s arguments, to show why this is the case.
Un tournant majeur de l'acculturation du cynisme à Rome : leDe philosophiade Varron
Authors: Pià-Comella Jordi
Published: December 2020

In hisDe philosophia, Varro lists 288 philosophical schools on the highest good before presenting Antiochus’s doctrine as the only true one. One of the particularities of his moral doxography consists in including cynicism which has never been mentioned in the previous moral sources. This paper therefore aims to show that theDe philosophiarepresents a major turning point for the Roman reflection on cynicism. First, Varro defines cynicism as a simple way of life (habitus) and not a doctrine (ratio) so that it could be adopted by all other philosophies. In fact, by ‘reducing’ cynicism to a way of life Varro makes it compatible with his conception of the highest good based on social duties. In that respect, his position on cynicism is opposite to Cicero’s who, in hisDe officiis, considers cynicism as a dangerous philosophy for Roman values. Finally, Varro uses cynicism as a conceptual tool for thinking, in philosophical terms, one of the most important issues that run through all his work: the relationship between happiness and Ancient Roman simplicity, especially in the context of Roman decadency. For instance, in Varro’sMenippean Satires, Cynics’s destitution partly reminds of the Ancient Romans’ austerity. Therefore, by mentioning cynicism in his moral doxography, Varro gives an original and Roman treatment of the Antiochian inquiry into the concept highest good.
Affine cones over cubic surfaces are flexible in codimension one
Authors: Perepechko Alexander
Published: December 2020

Let Y be a smooth del Pezzo surface of degree 3 polarized by a very ample divisor that is not proportional to the anticanonical one. Then the affine cone over Y is flexible in codimension one.
Equivalently, such a cone has an open subset with an infinitely transitive action of the special automorphism group on it.
A detection method for reservoir waterbodies vector data based on EGADS
Authors: Meng Lingkui , Wei Xiaobing , Yang Miao , Meng Yizhuo , Chen Yang , Cheng Jianguo , Zhang Wen
Published: December 2020

Owing to the effects of camera, illumination, extraction algorithm defect, and other reasons, vector data for reservoir waterbodies extracted from remote sensing data may have quality issues, impacting the efficiency of data utilization in areas such as water resource management and reservoir monitoring. To efficiently detect abnormal data from massive vector products of reservoir waterbodies, a semi-automatic detection method for reservoir waterbody vector data is presented. The method has three phases. First, the original reservoir vector data are preprocessed to obtain the time series of the area of reservoir waterbodies. Second, data modeling with time series of reservoir waterbodies area data is done using the extensible generic anomaly detection system (EGADS) plug-in framework and time series modeling is conducted using the Olympic model. Third, data that have quality problems are identified with

K
σ

K\sigma

model was used to determine the outliers; thereby, the date of the outliers is detected. Results of accuracy verification show that the sensitivity and specificity of the method were 94.44 and 83.87%, respectively, showing its feasibility for use in anomaly detection in polygonal reservoir waterbody vector data with far greater efficiency than traditional manual inspection.
Wood-adhesive bond loaded in mode II: experimental and numerical analysis using elasto-plastic and fracture mechanics models
Authors: Sebera Václav , Pečnik Jaka Gašper , Azinović Boris , Milch Jaromír , Huč Sabina
Published: December 2020

The goal of the study was to analyze fracture properties of adhesive bond using a three-point end-notched flexure test and the compliance-based beam method. Critical strain energy release rates (G

IIc
) and cohesive laws were obtained for adhesive bonds made of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and adhesives such as EPI, MUF, PRF and PUR. The experiments were assisted with FE analyses employing three different material models of wood: elastic (Elas), symmetric elasto-plastic (EP) and elasto-plastic with different compressive and tensile yield stresses parallel to fiber (EP+). The highest mean G

IIc
was achieved for PUR (5.40 Nmm−1) and then decreased as follows: 2.33, 1.80, 1.59 Nmm−1 for MUF, EPI, and PRF, respectively. The failure of bondline was brittle and occurred at bondline for EPI, MUF and PRF, and ductile and commonly occurring in wood for PUR adhesive. The FE simulations employing cohesive models agreed well with the experimental findings for all adhesives. FE model with Elas material was found accurate enough for EPI, MUF and PRF adhesives. For PUR adhesive, the model EP+ was found to be the most accurate in prediction of maximal force. The impact of friction between lamellas may be up to 4.2% when varying friction coefficient from 0 to 1. The impact of the grain angle distortion (α) with respect to longitudinal specimen axis showed its high influence on resulting stiffness and maximal force. It was found that three-point end-notched test is suitable for EPI, MUF, and PRF, while it is less appropriate for a bond with PUR adhesive due to notable plastic behavior.
Effect of short-term and long-term traffic noise exposure on the thyroid gland in adult rats: a sexual dimorphic study
Authors: Ababzadeh Shima , Razavinia Fatemeh-Sadat , Eslami Farsani Mohsen , Sharifimoghadam Sorush , Moslehi Azam , Faghani Dorsa
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Traffic noise, as one of the noise types, is a widespread feature of the urban environments. Traffic noise exposure can lead to hearing loss, hypertension, obesity and ischemic heart diseases. Thyroid hormones involved in the physiological and pathological conditions of the body. Therefore, this study was designed to aim the evaluation of traffic noise effects on thyroid hormones secretion and thyroid tissue structure.

Methods

Seventy two males and females wistar rats were used in this study. After one week adaptation, they divided randomly into 12 groups; the control, short term (one day) and long term (one, two, three and four weeks) groups. Traffic sound was recorded, adjusted and played (86 dB) for animals. Female rats’ cycle estrus was matched. At the end of experiment, the animals were anesthetized and cardiac blood sample was drawn. Thyroid tissue was then removed. Levels of the T3, T4, TSH, corticosterone and H&E staining were measured. p<0.05 considered to be statistically significant.

Results

Findings showed that in the one-day group, T3 levels increased and T3 levels decreased in the long term groups (p<0.05). In the same way, concentration of TSH decreased in the one day, while they increased in the one, two, three and four weeks’ groups (p<0.05). Histopathological evaluations showed that in the female and male animals, long-term traffic noise increased the full follicles and decreased empty follicles (p<0.05).

Conclusions

This study revealed that traffic noise exposure led to increase of T3 plasma concentration and decrement of TSH level, although in the long term, they return to basal status. It may be due to adaptation to traffic noise.
The effect of thyroid dysfunction and treatment on adropin, asprosin and preptin levels in rats
Authors: Mogulkoc Rasim , Dasdelen Dervis , Baltaci Saltuk Bugra , Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasim , Sivrikaya Abdullah
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Thyroid hormones have important roles in normal development and energy regulating mechanisms as well as signaling mechanisms that affect energy consumption through central and peripheral pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of thyroid dysfunction on adropin, asprosin and preptin levels in rat.

Methods

The study was performed on the 38 male Wistar-albino rats. Experiment groups were designed as follows. 1-Control, 2-Hypothyroidism; To induce hypothyroidism PTU was applied by intraperitoneal as 10 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. 3-Hypothyroidism + Thyroxine; Previously animals were made with hypothyroidism by 1 week PTU application and then 1 week l-thyroxine was given by intraperitoneal as 1.5 mg/kg/day. 4-Hyperthyroidism; Rats were made with hyperthyroidism by 3 weeks l-thyroxine (0.3 mg/kg/day). 5-Hyperthyroidism + PTU; Animals were made hyperthyroisim by l-thyroxine as groups 4, then 1 week PTU was applied to treatment of hiperthyrodism. At the end of supplementation animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for FT3, FT4, adropin, asprosin, preptin analysis.

Results

FT3 ve FT4 levels were reduced significantly in hypothyroidism while increased in hyperthyroidism (p<0.001). Hipothyrodism led to reduces adropin, asprosin and preptin levels. And also hyperthyroidism reduced adropin and preptin levels (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The results of study show that experimental hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism lead to significantly change to adropin, asprosin and preptin levels. However, correction of thyroid function caused to normals levels in asprosin and preptin.
Judicial Individualism and Judicial Disagreement in Constitutional Reasoning
Authors: Gyorfi Tamas , Boda-Balogh Eva
Published: December 2020

Although it is common knowledge that judges in different legal systems have different conventions as to how they justify their decisions and some judges are more while others are less willing to articulate their positions, we did not have exact data about these differences in constitutional reasoning. Our research proposed a simple index (JI) to measure the level of judicial individualism. Drawing on the research design of the Conreason project, we used this index to compare the practice of 14 constitutional courts in landmark constitutional cases. In addition, we also measured the level of disagreement (JD) within these 14 courts and by introducing the concept of disagreement factor (DF) we analysed to what extent substantive disagreements contribute to the rise of the number of separate opinions and, hence, to the rise of judicial individualism.
Cultural, textual and linguistic aspects of legal translation: A model of text analysis for training legal translators
Authors: Soriano Barabino Guadalupe
Published: December 2020

Legal translation training involves the acquisition and development of a set of sub-competences that constitute legal translation competence (Cao, Deborah. 2007. Translating law. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters; Prieto Ramos, Fernando. 2011. Developing legal translation competence: An integrative process-oriented approach. Comparative Legilinguistics. International Journal for Legal Communications 5. 7–21; Piecychna, Beata. 2013. Legal translation competence in the light of translational hermeneutics. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 34(47). 141–159; Soriano Barabino, Guadalupe. 2016. Comparative law for legal translators. Oxford: Peter Lang; Soriano Barabino, Guadalupe. 2018. La formación del traductor jurídico: Análisis de la competencia traductora en traducción jurídica y propuesta de programa formativo. Quaderns: Revista de Traduccio 25. 217–229). The development of those sub-competences is part of a complex process where students are faced with different concepts and translation strategies and techniques which are not necessarily easy to grasp for trainee translators (Way, Catherine. 2014. Structuring a legal translation course: A framework for decision-making in legal translation training. In Le Cheng, King Kui Sin & Anne Wagner (eds.), The Ashgate handbook of legal translation. Farnham: Ashgate), particularly when applied to a legal context. It is our experience that translation students tend to focus on the product (text production) and do not spend enough time analysing the source text, which results in obvious mistakes in mainly – but not only – cultural (legal), textual and linguistic aspects. The interdisciplinary nature of legal translation calls for an integrative model for teaching and learning. The model presented provides trainees with a framework for source text analysis that places the communicative situation and the translation brief at the core from which three fundamental dimensions, based on the aspects mentioned above, develop. Elements such as the legal cultures involved, legal text typologies or the level of specialisation of terms and discourse are some of the aspects to be considered, so allowing trainees to achieve a thorough understanding of the source text for a conscious translation. The model will be applied to a specific source text and translation brief.
A note on optimal systems of certain low-dimensional Lie algebras
Authors: Singh Manjit , Gupta Rajesh Kumar
Published: December 2020

Optimal classifications of Lie algebras of some well-known equations under their group of inner automorphism are re-considered. By writing vector fields of some known Lie algebras in the abstract format, we have proved that there exist explicit isomorphism between Lie algebras and sub-algebras which have already been classified. The isomorphism between Lie algebras is useful in the sense that the classifications of sub-algebras of dimension ≤4 have previously been carried out in literature. These already available classifications can be used to write classification of any Lie algebra of dimension ≤4. As an example, the explicit isomorphism between Lie algebra of variant Boussinesq system and sub-algebra

A
3,5

1
/
2

${A}_{3,5}^{1/2}$

is proved, and subsequently, optimal sub-algebras up to dimension four are obtained. Besides this, some other examples of Lie algebras are also considered for explicit isomorphism.
On the EIT problem for nonorientable surfaces
Authors: Belishev M. I. , Korikov D. V.
Published: December 2020

Let

(
Ω
,
g
)

{(\Omega,g)}

be a smooth compact two-dimensional Riemannian
manifold with boundary and let

Λ
g

:

f
↦

∂
ν

⁡
u

|

∂
⁡
Ω

{\Lambda_{g}:f\mapsto\partial_{\nu}u|_{\partial\Omega}}

be its DN map, where u obeys

Δ
g

⁢
u

=
0

{\Delta_{g}u=0}

in Ω and

u
|

∂
⁡
Ω

=
f

{u|_{\partial\Omega}=f}

. The Electric
Impedance Tomography Problem is to determine Ω from

Λ
g

{\Lambda_{g}}

.
A criterion is proposed that enables one to detect (via

Λ
g

{\Lambda_{g}}

) whether Ω is orientable or not.
The algebraic version of the BC-method is applied to solve the EIT
problem for the Moebius band. The main instrument is the algebra
of holomorphic functions on the double covering

𝕄

{{\mathbb{M}}}

of
M, which is determined by

Λ
g

{\Lambda_{g}}

up to an isometric
isomorphism. Its Gelfand spectrum (the set of characters) plays
the role of the material for constructing a relevant copy

(

M
′

,

g
′

)

{(M^{\prime},g^{\prime})}

of

(
M
,
g
)

{(M,g)}

. This copy is conformally equivalent to the
original, provides

∂
⁡

M
′

=

∂
⁡
M

{\partial M^{\prime}=\partial M}

,

Λ

g
′

=

Λ
g

{\Lambda_{g^{\prime}}=\Lambda_{g}}

, and thus solves the problem.
The category of number in Latin: meanings of the plural with verbal nouns
Authors: Garzón Fontalvo Eveling
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the category of number in Latin, specifically with the different meanings of the plural with verbal nouns. In the first section, I establish a reference framework on the concept of number, and in particular the so-called “number anomalies”. The second part of the paper addresses the functional complexity of the category of number itself, so it presents and exemplifies the four different meanings of plural forms with verbal nouns and explains them in light of the concepts of prototype and recategorization. The third section aims to identify the factors yielding a determined plural reading; in this way, I explain the connection between some meanings of the plural and the types of events that verbal nouns describe. Lastly, in the final section, I discuss the main results of this study.
Greeting in Roman comedy: register and (im)politeness
Authors: Berger Łukasz
Published: December 2020

This article investigates multiple pragmatic facets of Latin greeting as depicted in the corpus of Roman comedy (Plautus, Terence). To this end, different frameworks are combined, including Conversation Analysis, Speech Act Theory, and the most prominent (Im)politeness Theories. The complexity of the greeting phenomenon is first demonstrated by identifying its position inside the opening section of the dialogue with possible reductions, elaborations, and substitutions. Thus a heterogeneous group of greeting tokens is retrieved from the comedy corpus, which, furthermore, fit the speech-act theoretical description of the greeting as a behabitative (Austin), expressive act (Searle) or acknowledgment (Bach and Harnish). Moreover, the paper briefly signalizes the contact-oriented (phatic) functions of the salutation ritual as access display (Shiffrin) or its use as a mechanism of (re)producing the social order (Schegloff). The main part of the investigation, however, is devoted to the greeting formulae and their linguistic variation in Plautus and Terence. After briefly presenting the classical model of (im)politeness (Brown and Levinson), the paper relates the speech-act formulation of the expressions to positive- or negative-politeness strategies. Finally, the article applies the frame-based analysis of the politeness’ formulaic language, as proposed by Terkourafi. The dialogue openings are classified according to their broader extralinguistic context (e.g. participants, temporal setting, the reason for the encounter) into several situational frames. In the last section of the paper, the (im)politeness value of the greeting expressions is revised in relation to their adequacy to a given situation type. In result, some instances of using the formulae inappropriately (i.e., out of frame) are given, which demonstrate the complex interpersonal dynamics of the verbal interaction depicted by Plautus and Terence.
Factors affecting thyroid volume in adolescent students attending a rural middle school in East Hangzhou, China
Authors: Liu Qiaoyong , Jiang Yiqian , Shen Lijun , Zhu Jiming
Published: December 2020

Objective

To investigate the thyroid volume (Tvol) and to explore factors that affects it among 12 to 15-year-olds attending a rural middle school in east Hangzhou, China.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of middle school students attending a rural middle school in east Hangzhou, China was conducted. Height, weight and other physical development related indicators in middle school students were measured. The thyroid size was measured using ultrasound, and the thyroid volume calculated.

Results

The median (P25, P75) of the thyroid volume in 596 middle school students from a rural middle school in east Hangzhou, China was 6.69 (5.66, 7.98) mL. Our study enrolled 305 male students (51.2%) and 291 female students (48.8%). The height, weight and thyroid volume of middle school students increased with age. Univariate analysis revealed that height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were positive correlated with thyroid volume (p<0.01).The correlation between BSA and thyroid volume was significant (Spearman’s rho=0.473, p<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BSA was positive and significantly correlated with the thyroid volume (p<0.05). Regression equation was Y=−2.532 + 6.186×BSA.

Conclusion

The thyroid volume is not only affected by age, but it is also affected by growth and development. Goiter cannot only be assessed based on age, gender and thyroid volume. However, this study established that BSA not only presented the strongest correlation with thyroid volume (Spearman’s rho=0.473), but also had a strong correlation with physical development, taking into account the growth and development of middle school students, and showed greater stability. Therefore, we recommend inclusion of BSA as a reference standard in the measurement of the thyroid volume.
Racial disparities in recurrent preterm delivery risk: mediation analysis of prenatal care timing
Authors: Nasiri Khalidha , Moodie Erica E. M. , Abenhaim Haim A.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

We estimated the degree to which the association between race and spontaneous recurrent preterm delivery is mediated by the timing of the first prenatal care visit.

Methods

A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics Natality Files. We identified 644,576 women with a prior PTB who delivered singleton live neonates between 2011 and 2017. A mediation analysis was conducted using log-binomial regression to evaluate the mediating effect of timing of first prenatal care visit.

Results

During the seven-year period, 349,293 (54.2%) White non-Hispanic women, 131,296 (20.4%) Black non-Hispanic women, 132,367 (20.5%) Hispanic women, and 31,620 (4.9%) Other women had a prior preterm delivery. The risk of late prenatal care initiation was higher in Black non-Hispanic women, Hispanic women, and Other women (women of other racial/ethnic backgrounds) compared to White non-Hispanic women, and the risk of preterm delivery was higher in women with late prenatal care initiation. Between 8 and 15% of the association between race and spontaneous recurrent preterm delivery acted through the delayed timing of the first prenatal care visit.

Conclusions

Racial disparities in spontaneous recurrent preterm delivery rates can be partly, but not primarily, attributed to timing of first prenatal care visit.
A Defense of Non-Representational Constitutionalism: Why Constitutions Need Not Be Representational
Authors: Harel Alon
Published: December 2020

The standard opinion is that the force of the constitution hinges on the fact that it is willingly endorsed by the people or, at least representative of the people. This Article challenges this view. More specifically, I differentiate between two types of legitimation: representational legitimation and non-representational or reason-based legitimation. While representational legitimation rests on the fact that the constitution is representative of who the people are or what they want, reason-based constitutions are based on the judgement that the constitution is just or, at least grounded in reason. I also show that some of the puzzles in constitutional theory can be resolved by acknowledging the significance of the latter type of legitimation. For instance, I illustrate that constitutions that were not adopted freely by the nations and could not have been characterized as representative of the people such as the German Constitution can still be legitimate. To put it provocatively: the legitimation of a constitution need not rest on the conviction that it represents the people whom it governs; it may simply rest on the belief that it is a good or just constitution. Representational legitimacy is only one form of legitimacy but not the only one.
Chains of influence in Himalayan grammars: Models and interrelations shaping descriptions of Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal
Authors: Kelly Barbara , Lahaussois Aimée
Published: December 2020

This paper examines comparability of descriptive grammars across typologically different languages. Focusing on the Nepal Himalayas, which has high language diversity that extends beyond areal, genetic, and historical categorization, the paper examines similarities across grammars and the influences motivating these. It reports on the construction and use of a database comprising materials from 18 descriptive grammars of Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal written over a 30-year period. This includes a small sub-database of metadata noting grammarian linguistic training, career affiliations, and dissertation supervisors and a larger sub-database of fully tagged tables of contents for each of the grammars. The overarching relational database links sections containing similar content, enabling search functions to explore the locations of similar information and feature labels across grammars in the database. While some grammar-features in the corpus reflect broader structural properties across grammars, findings indicate strong local influences. We find evidence of three foundational linguistic “schools” connecting the structural organization of the grammars across multiple generations of linguists, correspondences across chapter titles, sections, as well as school-influenced organization of verbal paradigms, treatment of marginal topics, and terminological choices.
Variation and change in grammatical gender marking: the case of Dutch ethnolects
Authors: Hinskens Frans , van Hout Roeland , Muysken Pieter , van Wijngaarden Ariën
Published: December 2020

Our research on variation in the expression of grammatical gender (in determiners and adnominal inflection) in present-day ethnolectal Dutch is based on interactional speech data collected among 10–12 and 18–20-year-old male adolescents with Turkish, Moroccan and non-immigrant Dutch backgrounds, born and raised in the Dutch cities of Amsterdam or Nijmegen. The cities, which both have multicultural demographic profiles, are located in different dialect areas. In the data, the realization of neuter gender appears to vary greatly; in our analyses of this variation linguistic and social parameters were included. With regard to the language-internal conditioning, grammatical and semantic dimensions have been taken into account. Apart from the speakers’ age and city of residence, the social dimensions also include background of both the speaker and the interlocutor. The outcomes shed light on three aspects. As regards conditioning factors, L1 substrates, processes of L2 acquisition of the first generations of migrants, and surrounding regional variation all play a role. As regards the place of ethnolectal variation in the speakers’ verbal repertoires, we found evidence for a stylistic role of variable gender assignment in determiners. Our data do not support the hypothesis of the cross-over of ethnolectal changes in Dutch grammatical gender marking to speakers without an immigrant background.
Teotitlán Zapotec: An ‘activizing’ language
Authors: Uchihara Hiroto , Gutiérrez Ambrocio
Published: December 2020

Some languages tend to derive intransitive verbs from transitive verbs, while others tend to derive transitive verbs from intransitive verbs. In this paper, we will argue that Teotitlán Zapotec, an Otomanguean language spoken in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, represents an extreme case of a transitivizing language: the transitive counterpart is almost always morphologically more complex, not only in the anticausative/causative alternations, but also in passive/active alternations, thus, an ‘activizing’ language.
On an equivalence between regular ordered Γ-semigroups and regular ordered semigroups
Authors: Çullhaj Fabiana , Krakulli Anjeza
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we develop a technique which enables us to obtain several results from the theory of Γ-semigroups as logical implications of their semigroup theoretical analogues.
The crystal structure of 1-phenyl-N-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide-dimethylformamide (1/1) C22H10Br4N4O3S
Authors: Baashen Mohammed A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A.
Published: December 2020

C22H10Br4N4O3S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.3725(6) Å, b = 20.0436(12) Å, c = 15.3281(11) Å, β = 102.896(6)°, V = 2806.9(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0575, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1566, T = 296 K.
„Mehr als Substitution“ – Notwendigkeit von Harm Reduction-Maßnahmen für Drogenkonsumierende in Haft
Authors: Jamin Daniela , Stöver Heino
Published: December 2020

In Gefängnissen sind Personen, die Drogen gebrauchen, im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung überdurchschnittlich häufig vertreten. Der Konsum illegaler Substanzen, insbesondere von Opioiden, geht insbesondere im Setting Haft mit hohen physischen und psychischen Gesundheitsrisiken einher. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Konsumprävalenzen, existierende Maßnahmen im Strafvollzug sowie mögliche Maßnahmen zur Schadensminimierung in Haft und bei Haftentlassung.
Integration von Tabakentwöhnung in die Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: Dogar Omara , Mdege Noreen Dadirai
Published: December 2020

Weltweit leben vier von fünf Tabakkonsument*innen in wirtschaftlich sich entwickelnden Ländern, die einer enormen Belastung durch Tuberkulose und HIV-Erkrankungen ausgesetzt sind. Tuberkulose- oder HIV-Patient*innen, die rauchen, leiden trotz Behandlung unter schlechteren Prognosen. Verhaltensinterventionen zur Tabakentwöhnung sind in der routinemäßigen Gesundheitsversorgung eine Herausforderung. Qualität der Vermittlung und Patientenbindung müssen verbessert werden.
Ist das Cannabisverbot hilfreich für die suchtpräventive Arbeit?
Authors: Schlömer Hermann , Kalke Jens
Published: December 2020

In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Literaturrecherche sowie einer Befragung von Fachkräften der Suchtprävention zur präventiven Nützlichkeit des Cannabisverbots vorgestellt. Stellungnahmen, welche die Verbotsvorteile bezweifeln, überwiegen. Modellversuche zur regulierten Cannabisabgabe und verschiedene staatliche Legalisierungsregelungen weltweit sollten für die Gewinnung weiterer empirischer Erkenntnisse über die Wirkungen auf die konkrete suchtpräventive Arbeit genutzt werden.
Gender-transformative Prävention: ein Rahmenkonzept für Tabakentwöhnung
Authors: Klärs Gabriele
Published: December 2020

Geschlecht gilt neben Alter, sozialer Lage und Bildungsstatus als zentrale Variable für gesundheitliche Lage, gesundheitsrelevantes Verhalten sowie subjektives Verständnis von Gesundheit und Krankheit. Tabakentwöhnung in Deutschland ist weitgehend geschlechtsblind bzw. einseitig vergeschlechtlicht. Gender-transformative Prävention bietet einen Handlungsrahmen für Interventionen, die auf die Vermeidung von Geschlechterstereotypen sowie den Abbau von geschlechtsbezogener und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit gerichtet sind. Wie gender-transformative Tabakentwöhnung gelingen kann, zeigen Beispiele aus den USA und Kanada.
Value-Based Management for Real Estate Developers’ Activities
Authors: Kowalski Michał J. , Kazak Jan K.
Published: December 2020

Real estate development investments are characterized by a high value of projects, which in the event of irregularities in their implementation may result in significant losses for the economy. The lack of tools enabling ongoing control of real estate developers may result in disruptions in the operation of business entities on the real estate market, affecting the proper functioning of many stakeholders. The article proposes a method of measuring value for real estate companies. Accounting principles that regulate financial statements specify that they cannot be used directly to measure the value of a developer. The article proposes examples of corrections to financial statements supporting value measurement. When calculating value management measures, (i) adjustments excluding the impact of asset valuations, (ii) adjustments of settlement negative EVA of the investment phase, (iii) adjustments of advance payment of NPV of the project, and (iv) adjustments of excluding the impact of interest on foreign capital should be made. Examples of using these adjustments in a short-term housing project and a long-term commercial project were presented. The impact of the proposed adjustments on the comparison of formal financial statements and value measures for a large developer listed on the WSE was also discussed.
Effects of ambient air pollution on psychological stress and anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence
Authors: Trushna Tanwi , Dhiman Vikas , Raj Dharma , Tiwari Rajnarayan R.
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Ambient air pollution (AAP) is an important risk factor for increased mental health morbidity. Studies have highlighted the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. However, existing evidence regarding this is largely equivocal. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to synthesize published evidence to calculate the pooled estimate of the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder.

Content

A systematic bibliographic search was undertaken using PubMed, JGateplus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for observational human studies published in English till 31st March 2020 reporting the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Meta-analysis was performed adopting a random-effects model using Meta-XL. Of 412 articles retrieved, a total of 30 articles [AAP and anxiety disorders, (n=17, 57%); AAP and psychological stress, (n=9, 30%) and AAP and both psychological stress and anxiety disorders, (n=4, 13%)] fulfilled the inclusion criteria covering a total population of 973,725 individuals. The pooled estimate (OR) of the effects of PM10 on psychological stress was 1.03 [(95% CI: 1.00, 1.05) (p=0.17, I
2=41%)]. The pooled estimate of the effects of NO2 and PM10 on anxiety disorder was 0.93 [(95% CI: 0.89, 0.97) (p=0.91, I
2=0%)] and 0.88 [(95% CI: 0.78, 0.98) (p=0.01, I
2=59%)] respectively. The pooled estimate of the effects of PM2.5 on anxiety Disorder was 0.88 [(95% CI: 0.72, 1.06) (p=0.00, I
2=80%)].

Summary and Outlook

The present study provides the most updated pooled estimate of the effect of AAP on psychological stress and anxiety disorder. Future studies should focus on longitudinal studies conducted in LIC and LMIC countries using uniform and standardized criteria for exposure and outcome assessment as well as robust adjustment for confounders to minimize methodological heterogeneity resulting in reliable and comparable estimation of environmental mental health burden.
Heilsfiktionen
Authors: Strohmaier Paul
Published: December 2020

Even in a century so commonly associated with the stage as the Frenchsiècle classique, the theatre’s social, political and religious acceptance as a cultural practice remains highly contested. Hence, the recourse to the seemingly obsolete dramatic genre of the martyr tragedy that both Corneille (Polyeucte,Théodore) and Rotrou (Le véritable Saint Genest) take in the 1640 s must be understood as an attempt to secure a possible alliance between Christian devotion and the stage. Rather than effecting a reconciliation between the two, however, all three plays in question, in their attempt to adapt the martyr play to the emergent aesthetics ofbienséanceandvraisemblance, point to the irredeemable discrepancy of religion and the theatre instead, arousing doubts about the authenticity of conversion and potentially undermining the credibility of martyrdom itself. Small wonder then that the scathing Jansenist critique of the theatre, launched most forcefully by Pierre Nicole, takes this attempt to renew the martyr play as its point of attack. Yet, a closer examination of this polemic reveals that the seemingly stable ground of Christian faith finds itself haunted by the spectre of simulation.
Measuring evolutionary cancer dynamics from genome sequencing, one patient at a time
Authors: Caravagna Giulio
Published: December 2020

Cancers progress through the accumulation of somatic mutations which accrue during tumour evolution, allowing some cells to proliferate in an uncontrolled fashion. This growth process is intimately related to latent evolutionary forces moulding the genetic and epigenetic composition of tumour subpopulations. Understanding cancer requires therefore the understanding of these selective pressures. The adoption of widespread next-generation sequencing technologies opens up for the possibility of measuring molecular profiles of cancers at multiple resolutions, across one or multiple patients. In this review we discuss how cancer genome sequencing data from a single tumour can be used to understand these evolutionary forces, overviewing mathematical models and inferential methods adopted in field of Cancer Evolution.
Pain management in patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer – a descriptive study
Authors: Schaller Anne K. C. Söderlund , Peterson Anna , Bäckryd Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

Objectives

Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) experience serious pain related to tumour, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy treatment (RT). Oral mucositis, a painful complication of RT, may require opioid analgesics to control pain.This longitudinal study, during RT but also four weeks post-RT, examines the relationships between oral mucositis, pain, and opioid doses in in HNC patients. The aim was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of an opioid treatment strategy.

Methods

Sixty-three patients with HNC undergoing radiotherapy answered self-reported questionnaires on pain intensity on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) three times a week. Oral mucositis signs were evaluated using the WHO mucositis index score, ranging from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe), and pharmacological treatment with opioids was registered prospectively once a week. All data were related to given radiation dose, and all outcome measures at each time point therefore relate to the same radiation dose (i.e., not to when the patient was included in the study).

Results

Opioids were used by 78% of the patients. Most of the patients experienced only mild pain (NRS 0–4), although the majority developed mucositis grade 2–4 according to WHO mucositis index. Function-related pain intensity and opioid doses were highest during the sixth week of RT, with 3.67 (0–9) in NRS and 84 (0–430) mg oral morphine equivalents per day (median, range). At that same time point, significant positive correlations were found between the grade of mucositis and pain intensities. Patients with mucositis grade 2–4 were investigated further; in this subgroup, we found that opioid doses did not differ between patients with mild pain and patients with moderate to severe pain. Our multivariate data analysis defined a cluster of patients characterized by the presence of mucositis, cancer site in pharynx, concomitant chemotherapy, and the absence of surgery.

Conclusions

In HNC patients who were followed closely by pain care personnel during and after RT, pain was often satisfactorily alleviated with a structured use of opioids, including stepwise increases of fentanyl patches and oral morphine as needed. However, some patients with oral mucositis grade 2–4 experienced severe pain. Strong opioids, i.e. the third step of the WHO pain ladder, remain the mainstay of analgesic therapy in treating moderate to severe cancer-related pain, including patients with HNC. This real-life study indicates that RT-related pain is not a fatality. A proactive stance, monitoring these patients closely and regularly, is probably crucial in order to achieve good treatment results. Further studies are needed to develop better pain treatment strategies for those patients who develop severe oral mucositis-related pain despite intensive opioid treatment.
What Film Translation can Tell us About the Creation of Meaning, the Role of Accents and Gestures – A Few Essayistic Remarks About Multimodality
Authors: Herbst Thomas
Published: December 2020

This article aims to illustrate some aspects of film dubbing that are of interest to research in cognition and in particular to cognitive linguistics. Dubbed films contain unavoidable discrepancies between the lip movements and (other) gestures perceived visually and the sounds that are heard. Widening the scope to the issue of different accents of speakers, it is argued that multimodal construction grammar should investigate all modes of meaningful communicative behavior but that this does not necessarily imply the postulation of multimodal constructions as such.
Multimodal Metaphor as the Source of Parodic Integration in Hip Hop Music Videos
Authors: Čupković Gordana , Dunat Silvana
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with multimodal metaphors as the basis of parodic integration in selected videos and album covers by rap artist Krešo Bengalka and his band Kiša metaka. The case studies of parodic integration are marked by a spectacle that significantly contributes to the blend. The study focuses on multimodal integration and disintegration and on the reversal of the conventional way of representing both the relation between the interior and exterior and the relation between the static and the dynamic.
EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENT, ABNORMAL RETURNS, AND MARKET EFFICIENCY IN INDONESIA EQUITY MARKET: AN ANALYSIS FROM INDUSTRIAL FACTOR PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Rexon Nainggolan , Chu Ei Yet
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the market efficiency of nine industry sectors of the IDX market. Using an event window of 30 days post-earnings announcement stock returns after the public announcement of the financial statements as of 31 December 2018, the study tests the significance of cumulative average abnormal returns surrounding the earnings announcement. The study concludes that there are significant variances in the market efficiency towards earnings announcement across nine industry sectors in IDX. The finding indicates that the industry-specific factors influence the level of abnormal returns surrounding the earnings announcement. However, the findings reject the market efficiency in agriculture (AGRI) and property, real estate, and building (PROP) industries. The results illustrate that the miscellaneous industry (MISC) reacts immediately to the earnings announcement, but its significance is only for a short period. The infrastructure, utilities, and transportation (INFRA) industry show delays in its response to the announcement but continuously significant for a relatively long period. Other industries of mining (MINING), basic industry and chemicals (BASIC), construction, real estate, and building (CONS), financial (FIN), as well as trading, services, and investments (TSI), report significant negative CAARs in all investigated windows. The One Way ANOVA testing concludes that the nine industries' cumulative average abnormal returns on IDX are significantly different from each other sectors.