bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Structures as a Support or Template for Inorganic Nanostructures and Their Assemblies
Authors: Anžlovar Alojz , Žagar Ema
Published: May 2022

Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer and deserves the special attention of the scientific community because it represents a sustainable source of carbon and plays an important role as a sustainable energent for replacing crude oil, coal, and natural gas in the future. Intense research and studies over the past few decades on cellulose structures have mainly focused on cellulose as a biomass for exploitation as an alternative energent or as a reinforcing material in polymer matrices. However, studies on cellulose structures have revealed more diverse potential applications by exploiting the functionalities of cellulose such as biomedical materials, biomimetic optical materials, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive materials, selective nanostructured membranes, and as a growth template for inorganic nanostructures. This article comprehensively reviews the potential of cellulose structures as a support, biotemplate, and growing vector in the formation of various complex hybrid hierarchical inorganic nanostructures with a wide scope of applications. We focus on the preparation of inorganic nanostructures by exploiting the unique properties and performances of cellulose structures. The advantages, physicochemical properties, and chemical modifications of the cellulose structures are comparatively discussed from the aspect of materials development and processing. Finally, the perspective and potential applications of cellulose-based bioinspired hierarchical functional nanomaterials in the future are outlined.
The High-Throughput In Vitro CometChip Assay for the Analysis of Metal Oxide Nanomaterial Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Boyadzhiev Andrey , Solorio-Rodriguez Silvia Aidee , Wu Dongmei , Avramescu Mary-Luyza , Rasmussen Pat , Halappanavar Sabina
Published: May 2022

Metal oxide nanomaterials (MONMs) are among the most highly utilized classes of nanomaterials worldwide, though their potential to induce DNA damage in living organisms is known. High-throughput in vitro assays have the potential to greatly expedite analysis and understanding of MONM induced toxicity while minimizing the overall use of animals. In this study, the high-throughput CometChip assay was used to assess the in vitro genotoxic potential of pristine copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) MONMs and microparticles (MPs), as well as five coated/surface-modified TiO2 NPs and zinc (II) chloride (ZnCl2) and copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) after 2–4 h of exposure. The CuO NPs, ZnO NPs and MPs, and ZnCl2 exposures induced dose- and time-dependent increases in DNA damage at both timepoints. TiO2 NPs surface coated with silica or silica–alumina and one pristine TiO2 NP of rutile crystal structure also induced subtle dose-dependent DNA damage. Concentration modelling at both post-exposure timepoints highlighted the contribution of the dissolved species to the response of ZnO, and the role of the nanoparticle fraction for CuO mediated genotoxicity, showing the differential impact that particle and dissolved fractions can have on genotoxicity induced by MONMs. The results imply that solubility alone may be insufficient to explain the biological behaviour of MONMs.
Bilateral Facial Palsy as the Onset of Neurosarcoidosis: A Case Report and a Revision of Literature
Authors: Gallo Chiara , Mazzini Letizia , Varrasi Claudia , Vecchio Domizia , Virgilio Eleonora , Cantello Roberto
Published: May 2022

Unilateral facial nerve palsy (FNP) is one of the most common cranial mononeuropathies. Among rare etiologies, neurosarcoidosis (NS) can cause bilateral involvement (both recurring and simultaneous) only in 15% to 25% of cases. The rarity of this systemic disease and its clinical heterogeneity, due to granulomatous inflammation that may affect many anatomic substrates, frequently make the diagnosis a real challenge for the clinician. Based on laboratory and instrumental tests, a careful diagnostic algorithm must be adopted to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in treatment. We present a 52-year-old woman with an acute onset of unilateral right FNP, rapidly developing contralateral involvement (simultaneous bilateral FNP). Lung findings pointed towards a systemic disease, and then lymph node biopsy confirmed NS. Corticosteroid therapy was started. After three years of follow-up, the patient is still in remission with a low prednisone dose. We discuss the differential diagnosis of bilateral FNP, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of NS. We have performed a literature revision, confirming bilateral FNP, outside Heerfordt syndrome, to be rare and sometimes represent the only neurological manifestation of NS onset.
Time-Related Eating Patterns Are Associated with the Total Daily Intake of Calories and Macronutrients in Day and Night Shift Workers
Authors: Silva Catarina Mendes , Teixeira Bruno Simão , Wright Kenneth P. , Maia Yara Cristina de Paiva , Crispim Cibele Aparecida
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate whether time-related eating patterns are associated with the daily intake of calories and macronutrients in Brazilian male military police officers (n = 81; 29-day and 52-night workers; mean age: 36.4 ± 0.9 and 38.5 ± 0.7 years, respectively). Energy and macronutrient intake were determined by a non-consecutive 3-day food recall. Time-related eating patterns, such as the time of the first and the last meals, eating duration, and caloric midpoint, were evaluated. Individuals were classified as “early” or “late” eaters according to the median caloric midpoint. Night shift workers showed a later eating time for the last meal (p < 0.001), longer eating duration (p < 0.001), and later caloric midpoint (p = 0.037) than day workers. Late eaters from both workgroups consumed more 24 h energy (p = 0.028), fat in calories (p = 0.006) and protein (calories: p < 0.001; percentage of total calories: p = 0.042), and less carbohydrates in calories (p = 0.010) intake than early eaters. The time of the first meal was negatively correlated with 24 h energy (p = 0.024) and carbohydrate (p = 0.031) intake only in day workers. The time of the last meal was positively correlated with 24 h energy (day workers: β = 0.352; p = 0.044; night workers: β = 0.424; p = 0.002) and protein (day workers: β = 0.451; p = 0.013; night workers: β = 0.536; p < 0.001) intake for both shift workers, and with carbohydrate (β = 0.346; p = 0.016) and fat (β = 0.286; p = 0.042) intake only in night workers. Eating duration was positively correlated with energy (day workers: β = 0.473; p = 0.004; night workers: β = 0.320; p = 0.023) and carbohydrate (day workers: β = 0.418; p = 0.011; night workers: β = 0.364; p = 0.010) intake in both groups. Thus, time-related eating patterns indicative of intake later at night are associated with increased daily energy and macronutrient intake.
Prognostic Value of Isolated Sarcopenia or Malnutrition–Sarcopenia Syndrome for Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Sousa Iasmin Matias , Burgel Camila Ferri , Silva Flávia Moraes , Fayh Ana Paula Trussardi
Published: May 2022

Malnutrition–sarcopenia syndrome (MSS) is frequent in the hospital setting. However, data on the predictive validity of sarcopenia and MSS are scarce. We evaluated the association between sarcopenia and MSS and clinical adverse outcomes (prolonged length of hospital stay—LOS, six-month readmission, and death) using a prospective cohort study involving adult hospitalized patients (n = 550, 55.3 ± 14.9 years, 53.1% males). Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the EWGSOP2, and malnutrition according to the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Around 34% were malnourished, 7% probable sarcopenic, 15% sarcopenic, and 2.5% severe sarcopenic. In-hospital death occurred in 12 patients, and the median LOS was 10.0 days. Within six months from discharge, 7.9% of patients died, and 33.8% were readmitted to the hospital. Probable sarcopenia/sarcopenia had increased 3.95 times (95% CI 1.11–13.91) the risk of in-hospital death and in 3.25 times (95% CI 1.56–6.62) the chance of mortality in six months. MSS had increased the odds of prolonged LOS (OR = 2.73; 95% CI 1.42–5.25), readmission (OR = 7.64; 95% CI 3.06–19.06), and death (OR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.08–1.21) within six months after discharge. Sarcopenia and MSS were predictors of worse clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients.
Addition of Prebiotics to the Ketogenic Diet Improves Metabolic Profile but Does Not Affect Seizures in a Rodent Model of Infantile Spasms Syndrome
Authors: Mu Chunlong , Pochakom Angela , Reimer Raylene A. , Choudhary Anamika , Wang Melinda , Rho Jong M. , Scantlebury Morris H. , Shearer Jane
Published: May 2022

The ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective treatment for infantile spasms syndrome (IS). However, the KD has implications for somatic growth, development, and the gut microbiota. The impact of incorporating a prebiotic fiber (PRE, oligofructose-enriched inulin, 0.8 g/dL) into a KD diet on spasms, developmental milestones, fecal gut microbiota, metabolites, and hippocampal mitochondrial metabolism were examined. Following IS induction, animals were randomized to KD or KD + PRE diets. A third group without IS and suckled by dams was included as a normally developing reference group (R). PRE inclusion decreased ketones and increased circulating glucose levels but had no impact on spasms. In the liver, PRE increased triglyceride concentrations, decreased carnitine levels, and downregulated genes encoding enzymes responsible for ketogenesis. In the hippocampus, PRE increased glutathione levels but did not affect the maximal respiratory capacity of mitochondria. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that KD + PRE increased microbial richness and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Lactobacillus johnsonii. No differences in developmental milestones (i.e., surface righting, negative geotaxis, and open field behavior) were observed between KD and KD + PRE, except for ultrasonic vocalizations that were more frequent in KD + PRE. In summary, PRE did not impact spasms or developmental outcomes, but was effective in improving both metabolic parameters and gut microbiota diversity.
The Anxiolytic-like Properties of a Tryptic Hydrolysate of Bovine αs1 Casein Containing α-Casozepine Rely on GABAA Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Sites but Not the Vagus Nerve
Authors: Benoit Simon , Chaumontet Catherine , Violle Nicolas , Boulier Audrey , Hafeez Zeeshan , Cakir-Kiefer Céline , Tomé Daniel , Schwarz Jessica , Miclo Laurent
Published: May 2022

(1) Background: A tryptic hydrolysate of bovine αs1-casein (CH) exerts anxiolytic-like properties in many species, including humans. This is mainly related to the presence of α-casozepine (α-CZP), which yields these properties in rodents. This study evaluates, in a rat model, the roles of the vagus nerve and the benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA receptors in the mode of action of CH. (2) Methods: The conditioned defensive burying test was used to evaluate anxiety. (3) Results: Participation of the vagus nerve in the mode of action of CH was excluded, as the global anxiety score in vagotomised rats was not significantly different from that of non-vagotomised animals. The blocking of the binding sites of benzodiazepines with flumazenil antagonised CH anxiolytic-like properties. (4) Conclusions: The vagus nerve does not play a role in the anxiolytic-like properties of CH. On the other hand, this anxiolytic-like activity relies on the benzodiazepine binding site of the GABAA receptors. This result is consistent with previous in vitro studies and, more specifically with the discovery of α-CZP, the peptide responsible for the anxiolytic-like properties of CH.
Brain Iron and Mental Health Symptoms in Youth with and without Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Nakhid Daphne , McMorris Carly A. , Sun Hongfu , Gibbard Ben , Tortorelli Christina , Lebel Catherine
Published: May 2022

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) negatively affects brain development and increases the risk of poor mental health. We investigated if brain volumes or magnetic susceptibility, an indirect measure of brain iron, were associated with internalizing or externalizing symptoms in youth with and without PAE. T1-weighted and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI scans were collected for 19 PAE and 40 unexposed participants aged 7.5–15 years. Magnetic susceptibility and volume of basal ganglia and limbic structures were extracted using FreeSurfer. Internalizing and Externalizing Problems were assessed using the Behavioural Assessment System for Children (BASC-2-PRS). Susceptibility in the nucleus accumbens was negatively associated with Internalizing Problems, while amygdala susceptibility was positively associated with Internalizing Problems across groups. PAE moderated the relationship between thalamus susceptibility and internalizing symptoms as well as the relationship between putamen susceptibility and externalizing symptoms. Brain volume was not related to internalizing or externalizing symptoms. These findings highlight that brain iron is related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms differently in some brain regions for youth with and without PAE. Atypical iron levels (high or low) may indicate mental health issues across individuals, and iron in the thalamus may be particularly important for behavior in individuals with PAE.
Increased Breastfeeding Proportion Is Associated with Improved Gross Motor Skills at 3–5 Years of Age: A Pilot Study
Authors: D’Souza Erica E. , Vyas Rutvi , Sisitsky Michaela , Feldman Henry A. , Gagoski Borjan , Litt Jonathan , Larsen Ryan J. , Kuchan Matthew J. , Lasekan John B. , Sutton Brad P. , Grant Patricia Ellen , Ou Yangming , Morton Sarah U.
Published: May 2022

Breastmilk provides key nutrients and bio-active factors that contribute to infant neurodevelopment. Optimizing maternal nutrition could provide further benefit to psychomotor outcomes. Our observational cohort pilot study aims to determine if breastfeeding extent and breastmilk nutrients correlate with psychomotor outcomes at school age. The breastfeeding proportion at 3 months of age and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3–5 years of age were recorded for 33 typically developing newborns born after uncomplicated pregnancies. The association between categorical breastfeeding proportion and neurodevelopmental outcome scores was determined for the cohort using a Spearman correlation with and without the inclusion of parental factors. Vitamin E and carotenoid levels were determined in breastmilk samples from 14 of the mothers. After the inclusion of parental education and income as covariates, motor skill scores positively correlated with breastmilk contents of α-tocopherol (Spearman coefficient 0.88, p-value = 0.02), translutein (0.98, p-value = 0.0007), total lutein (0.92, p-value = 0.01), and zeaxanthin (0.93, p-value = 0.0068). Problem solving skills negatively correlated with the levels of the RSR enantiomer of α-tocopherol (−0.86, p-value = 0.03). Overall, higher exposure to breastfeeding was associated with improved gross motor and problem-solving skills at 3–5 years of age. The potential of α-tocopherol, lutein, and zeaxanthin intake to provide neurodevelopmental benefit is worthy of further investigation.
The Impact Once-Weekly Semaglutide 2.4 mg Will Have on Clinical Practice: A Focus on the STEP Trials
Authors: Alabduljabbar Khaled , Al-Najim Werd , le Roux Carel W.
Published: May 2022

Obesity is a complex and chronic disease that raises the risk of various complications. Substantial reduction in body weight improves these risk factors. Lifestyle changes, including physical activity, reduced caloric ingestion, and behavioral therapy, have been the principal pillars in the management of obesity. In recent years, pharmacologic interventions have improved remarkably. The Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) program is a collection of phase-III trials geared toward exploring the utility of once-weekly 2.4 mg semaglutide administered subcutaneously as a pharmacologic agent for patients with obesity. All the STEP studies included diet and exercise interventions but at different intensities. This review paper aims to explore the impact of the behavioral programs on the effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on weight loss. The results of the STEP trials supported the efficacy of high-dose, once-weekly 2.4 mg semaglutide on body weight reduction among patients with obesity with/without diabetes mellitus. Semaglutide was associated with more gastrointestinal-related side effects compared to placebo but was generally safe and well tolerated. In all the STEP studies, despite the varying intestines of the behavioral programs, weight loss was very similar. For the first time, there may be a suggestion that these behavioral programs might not increase weight reduction beyond the effect of semaglutide. Nevertheless, the importance of nutritional support during substantial weight loss with pharmacotherapy needs to be re-evaluated.
Gastric Cancer Risk Was Associated with Dietary Factors Irritating the Stomach Wall: A Case–Control Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Sang Young , Kwak Jung Hyun , Eun Chang Soo , Han Dong Soo , Kim Yong Sung , Song Kyu Sang , Choi Bo Youl , Kim Hyun Ja
Published: May 2022

The incidence of gastric cancer is high in Korea, and dietary factors are important risk factors for gastric cancer. This study examined whether gastric cancer risk was related to dietary factors that directly irritate the stomach wall. This case–control study consisted of 308 matched pairs of gastric cancer cases and controls recruited from 2002 to 2006 at two hospitals in Korea. Dietary assessments were completed using a food frequency questionnaire and a dietary habit questionnaire. Gastric cancer risk was increased for high meal frequency of >3 vs. low meal frequency of ≤3 times per day, overeating vs. not overeating, and preferred vs. not preferred spicy or salty foods. Furthermore, participants with dietary factors of high meal frequency, overeating, and preference for spicy or salty foods elevated the risk of gastric cancer compared to those with low meal frequency, not overeating, and not preferring spicy or salty foods, simultaneously. In conclusion, gastric cancer risk was significantly increased in people with dietary factors that irritate the stomach wall, such as high meal frequency, overeating, and preference for spicy or salty foods.
Selenium Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Practical Approach
Authors: Minnetti Marianna , Sada Valentina , Feola Tiziana , Giannetta Elisa , Pozza Carlotta , Gianfrilli Daniele , Isidori Andrea M. , Cozzolino Alessia
Published: May 2022

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and a pivotal role in thyroid metabolism. Ensuring a sufficient Se supply is possible via a balanced, wholesome diet; however, Se content in foods may be different throughout geographical areas. Se supplementation is expected to improve inflammatory status in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, especially in those with high activity, and has been demonstrated as effective in reducing the thyroid peroxidase antibodies titer. Se status seems to affect thyroid function in pregnancy, which prompts the potential role of Se supplementation in such patients. Few clinical trials have investigated the effectiveness of Se supplementation in pregnant women with thyroiditis, and their results suggest the safety and effectiveness of this element in reducing autoantibody levels and preventing postpartum thyroiditis development, although limited. Hence, more robust evidence is needed to confirm these data. The current study aims to summarize published data on the relationship between Se and thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroiditis and the potential use of Se. Moreover, an algorithm for Se supplementation is proposed for pregnant women with thyroiditis to help endocrinologists in daily clinical practice to consider Se status.
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Reveals That Fucoidan Induces Type I IFN Pathways in BMDC
Authors: Choi Suyoung , Jeon Sol A , Heo Bu Yeon , Kang Ju-Gyeong , Jung Yunju , Duong Pham Thi Thuy , Song Ik-Chan , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Kim Seon-Young , Kwon Jaeyul
Published: May 2022

Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, has been proposed to effectively treat and prevent various viral infections. However, the mechanisms behind its antiviral activity are not completely understood. We investigate here the global transcriptional changes in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using RNA-Seq technology. Through both analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that fucoidan-treated BMDCs were enriched in virus-specific response pathways, including that of SARS-CoV-2, as well as pathways associated with nucleic acid-sensing receptors (RLR, TLR, NLR, STING), and type I interferon (IFN) production. We show that these transcriptome changes are driven by well-known regulators of the inflammatory response against viruses, including IRF, NF-κB, and STAT family transcription factors. Furthermore, 435 of the 950 upregulated DEGs are classified as type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Flow cytometric analysis additionally showed that fucoidan increased MHCII, CD80, and CD40 surface markers in BMDCs, indicative of greater antigen presentation and co-stimulation functionality. Our current study suggests that fucoidan transcriptionally activates PRR signaling, type I IFN production and signaling, ISGs production, and DC maturation, highlighting a potential mechanism of fucoidan-induced antiviral activity.
Cytokine Pattern of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Isolated from Children Affected by Generalized Epilepsy Treated with Different Protein Fractions of Meat Sources
Authors: Cilberti Maria Giovanna , Santillo Antonella , Polito Anna N. , Messina Giovanni , Della Malva Antonella , Caroprese Mariangela , Sevi Agostino , Albenzio Marzia
Published: May 2022

The objective of the present study was the evaluation of cytokine patterns in terms of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-1β secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants isolated from blood of children affected by generalized epilepsy and treated in vitro with myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic, and total protein fractions of meat and fish sources. Children with generalized epilepsy (EC group, n = 16) and children without any clinical signs of disease, representing a control group (CC group n = 16), were recruited at the Complex Structure of Neuropsychiatry Childhood-Adolescence of Policlinico Riuniti (Foggia, Italy). Myofibrillar (MYO), sarcoplasmic (SA), and total (TOT) protein fractions were obtained from longissimus thoracis muscle of beef (BF) and lamb (LA); from pectoralis muscle of chicken (CH); and from dorsal white muscle of sole (Solea solea, SO), European hake (Merluccius merluccius, EH), and sea bass fish (Dicentrarchus labrax, SB), respectively. PBMCs were isolated from peripheral blood of EC and CC groups, and an in vitro stimulation in the presence of 100 μg/mL for each protein fraction from different meat sources was performed. Data were classified according to three different levels of cytokines produced from the EC group relative to the CC group. TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6 levels were not affected by different meat fractions and meat sources; on the contrary, IL-1β levels were found to be significantly affected by the tested proteins fractions, as well as different meat sources, in high-level cytokine group. On average, the protein fractions obtained from LB, BF, and CH meat sources showed a higher level of IL-1β than the protein fractions obtained from EH and SB fish samples. When all cytokine classes were analyzed, on average, a significant effect was observed for IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Data obtained in the present study evidence that the nutritional strategy based on protein from fish and meat sources may modulate the immunological cytokine pattern of infants with generalized epilepsy.
Efficacy of a Novel Therapeutic, Based on Natural Ingredients and Probiotics, in a Murine Model of Multiple Food Intolerance and Maldigestion
Authors: Ardizzone Alessio , Lanza Marika , Casili Giovanna , Campolo Michela , Paterniti Irene , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Esposito Emanuela
Published: May 2022

Patients with hypersensitive gut mucosa often suffer from food intolerances (FIs) associated with an inadequate gastrointestinal function that affects 15–20% of the population. Current treatments involve elimination diets, but require careful control, are difficult to maintain long-term, and diagnosis remains challenging. This study aims to evaluate the beneficial effects of a novel therapeutic of natural (NTN) origin containing food-grade polysaccharides, proteins, and grape seed extract to restore intestinal function in a murine model of fructose, carbohydrate, and fat intolerances. All experiments were conducted in four-week-old male CD1 mice. To induce FIs, mice were fed with either a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD), high-fat diet (HFD), or high-fructose diet (HFrD), respectively. After two weeks of treatment, several parameters and endpoints were evaluated such as food and water intake, body weight, histological score in several organs, gut permeability, intestinal epithelial integrity, and biochemical endpoints. Our results demonstrated that the therapeutic agent significantly restored gut barrier integrity and permeability compromised by every FIs induction. Restoration of intestinal function by NTN treatment has consequently improved tissue damage in several functional organs involved in the diagnostic of each intolerance such as the pancreas for HCD and liver for HFD and HFrD. Taken together, our results support NTN as a promising natural option in the non-pharmacological strategy for the recovery of intestinal dysregulation, supporting the well-being of the gastrointestinal tract.
Phase Angle as a Comprehensive Tool for Nutritional Monitoring and Management in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Peng Ziheng , Xu Duo , Li Yong , Peng Yu , Liu Xiaowei
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims: Crohn’s disease (CD) is usually accompanied by malnutrition. CD-related malnutrition can increase morbidity, disability, mortality, and hospitalization costs. The purpose of this study was to find a reliable indicator for evaluating CD patients’ nutritional status. Methods: All data were retrospectively collected from Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between May 2021 and February 2022. All patients were evaluated for nutritional status using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Body composition, resistance, and reactance were recorded by a body analyser, and the phase angle (PhA) was calculated simultaneously. The Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was built to evaluate the predictive value of differential variables for diagnosing malnutrition based on the GLIM criteria. Results: A total of 169 CD patients were enrolled, of which 74 (58.3%) males and 32 (76.2%) females were diagnosed with malnutrition; 34 (45.9%) males and 22 (68.8%) females were severely malnourished. Univariate analysis identified that as nutritional status deteriorated, body mass index, PhA, and levels of haemoglobin and albumin decreased, while platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen increased (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the PhA was significantly independently associated with malnutrition (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis indicated that the optimal PhA cut-off levels of 6.11° and 5.55° could be used to predict malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria in males and females, respectively, with a PhA < 5.53° and < 5.12° indicating severe malnutrition in males and females, respectively. Conclusion: The PhA is a sensitive, noninvasive, portable, inexpensive tool that can be used to monitor and manage the nutritional status of CD patients.
Review of Kangaroo Mother Care in the Middle East
Authors: Taha Zainab , Wikkeling-Scott Ludmilla
Published: May 2022

Mothers and newborns have a natural physiological requirement to be together immediately after birth. A newborn has a keen sense of smell and will instinctively seek out the mother’s nipple and begin breastfeeding if placed skin-to-skin with her. This practice is known as Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). It was first suggested in 1978 and has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a means to ensure successful breastfeeding. It is well documented that KMC is associated with positive breastfeeding outcomes, particularly in cases where breastfeeding is exclusive and, on average, continued for 3 months or longer. Studies of infant nutrition and breastfeeding have shown the importance of immediate, uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact between newborn and mother following vaginal birth. This practice is also recommended for mothers who give birth via cesarean section, once the newborn is stable. The rate of breastfeeding is still suboptimal in Middle Eastern countries, in light of the WHO’s recommendation that mothers should exclusively breastfeed for the first six months and continue breastfeeding for up to two years. To increase the rate of breastfeeding, practices should be promoted that have been shown to improve outcomes, such as KMC. However, little is known about this important practice in the region. The aim of this study was to shed light on KMC-related studies conducted in the Middle East between January 2010 and January 2022. Specifically, this review examines breastfeeding practice rates for the first 6 months of birth, and evidence of KMC practices, by country and type of study design. The research terms used for this review were “skin to skin”, “Skin to skin contact”, and “Kangaroo Mother Care”, focusing on “Middle East”, “Eastern Mediterranean”, “Arabian Gulf”, “Arab”, and “GCC”.
Ameliorative Effect of Citrus junos Tanaka Waste (By-Product) Water Extract on Particulate Matter 10-Induced Lung Damage
Authors: Huang Wen-Yan , Heo Wan , Jeong Inhye , Kim Mi-Jeong , Han Bok-Kyung , Shin Eui-Cheol , Kim Young-Jun
Published: May 2022

Citrus junos Tanaka (CJ)-related products are well-accepted by consumers worldwide; thus, they generate huge amounts of waste (peel, pulp, and seed) through CJ processing. Although some CJ by-products (CJBs) are recycled, their use is limited owing to the limited understanding of their nutritional and economic value. The exposure to particulate matter (PM) increases the risk of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of CJB extracts (100, 200 mg/kg/day, 7 days) on PM10-induced (10 mg/kg, intranasal, 6 h) lung damage in BALB/c mice. Cell type-specific signaling pathways are examined using the A549 (PM10, 200 μg/mL, 6 h) and RAW264.7 (LPS, 100 ng/mL, 6 h) cell lines. The CJB extracts significantly attenuated PM10-induced pulmonary damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in a mouse model. The essential protein markers in inflammatory signaling pathways, such as AKT, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB for PM10-induced phosphorylation, were dramatically reduced by CJB extract treatment in both the mouse and cell models. Furthermore, the CJB extracts reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in a dose-dependent manner in the cells. Comprehensively, the CJB extracts were effective in reducing PM10-induced lung injuries by suppressing pulmonary inflammation, potentially due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
The Relationship between Fat Mass Percentage and Glucose Metabolism in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Fangfang , Liu Junting , Hou Dongqing , Li Tao , Chen Yiren , Liao Zijun , Wu Lijun
Published: May 2022

To assess the relationship between fat mass percentage (FMP) and glucose metabolism in children aged 0–18 years we performed a systematic review of the literature on Medline/PubMed, SinoMed, Embase and Cochrane Library using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines up to 12 October 2021 for observational studies that assessed the relationship of FMP and glucose metabolism. Twenty studies with 18,576 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that FMP was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.13, p < 0.001), fasting plasma insulin (INS) (r = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.37–0.57, p < 0.001), and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)- insulin resistance (IR) (r = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.33–0.53, p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis according to country or overweight and obesity indicated that these associations remained significant between FMP and INS or HOMA-IR. Our results demonstrated that there is a positive relationship between FMP and FPG. Moreover, subgroup analysis according to country or overweight and obesity indicated that FMP is significantly associated with INS and HOMA-IR. This is the first known systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the associations of FMP with glucose metabolism in children and adolescents.
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Feng Chenchen , Lyu Yinfeng , Gong Lingxiao , Wang Jing
Published: May 2022

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common cancer of the urinary system. The potential therapeutic effects of certain natural products against renal cell carcinoma have been reported both in vivo and in vitro, but no reviews have been published classifying and summarizing the mechanisms of action of various natural products. In this study, we used PubMed and Google Scholar to collect and screen the recent literature on natural products with anti-renal-cancer effects. The main mechanisms of action of these products include the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of metastasis and reduction of drug resistance. In total, we examined more than 30 natural products, which include kahweol acetate, honokiol, englerin A and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, among others, have demonstrated a variety of anti-renal-cancer effects. In conclusion, natural products may have a wider application in kidney cancer than previously believed and are potential candidates for treatment in RCC.
Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Risk of Early-Onset Vasomotor Symptoms in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Kwon Ria , Chang Yoosoo , Kim Yejin , Cho Yoosun , Choi Hye Rin , Lim Ga-Young , Kang Jeonggyu , Kim Kye-Hyun , Kim Hoon , Hong Yun Soo , Park Jihwan , Zhao Di , Rampal Sanjay , Cho Juhee , Guallar Eliseo , Park Hyun-Young , Ryu Seungho
Published: May 2022

The role of alcohol consumption in the risk of vasomotor symptoms (VMS), the most cardinal climacteric symptoms, is not well established. We examined their relationship with early-onset VMS among premenopausal women. Moderately-to-severely bothersome VMS, the primary outcome, was assessed using the Korean version of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. The alcohol consumption categories included lifetime abstainer, former drinker, or current drinker, categorized as light, moderate, heavy, and very heavy. Compared with the lifetime-abstinence (reference), the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% CIs) for prevalent VMS in alcohol consumption of <10, 10–19, 20–39, and ≥40 g/day were 1.42 (1.02–1.99), 1.99 (1.27–3.12), 2.06 (1.19–3.57), and 3.52 (1.72–7.20), respectively (p trend <0.01). Compared with the lifetime-abstinence, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for incident bothersome VMS among average alcohol consumption of <10, 10–19, 20–39, and ≥40 g/day were 1.10 (0.85–1.41), 1.03 (0.70–1.51), 1.72 (1.06–2.78), and 2.22 (1.16–4.23), respectively (p trend = 0.02). Increased alcohol consumption positively and consistently showed a relationship with increased risk of both prevalent and incident early-onset VMS. Refraining from alcohol consumption may help prevent bothersome VMS in premenopausal women.
Evaluation of miRNA Expression in Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells: A Comparison between Normoxia and Hypoxia Microenvironment
Authors: Macharia Lucy , Muriithi Wanjiru , Nyaga Dennis , de Mattos Coelho-Aguiar Juliana , de Sampaio e Spohr Tania , Moura-Neto Vivaldo
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Glioblastoma is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor whose progression is driven in part by glioblastoma stem cells, which are also responsible for the tumor’s low therapy efficacy. The maintenance and expansion of the stem cell population is promoted by the hypoxic microenvironment, where miRNAs play fundamental roles in their survival. Methods: GBM stem-like cells were isolated from three GBM parental cell lines. The stem-like cells were then cultured under normoxic and hypoxic microenvironments followed by investigation of the in vitro “stemness” of the cells. Results: We found miR-128a-3p, 34-5p and 181a-3p to be downregulated and miR-17-5p and miR-221-3p to be upregulated in our stem-like cells compared to the GBMs. When a comparison was made between normoxia and hypoxia, a further fold downregulation was observed for miR-34-5p, miR-128a-3p and miR-181a-3p and a further upregulation was observed for miR-221-3p and 17-5p. There was an increased expression of HIF-1/2, SOX2, OCT4, VEGF, GLUT-1, BCL2 and survivin under hypoxia. Conclusion: Our data suggest that our GBMs were able to grow as stem-like cells and as spheroids. There was a differential expression of miRNAs between the stems and the GBMs and the hypoxia microenvironment influenced further dysregulation of the miRNAs and some selected genes.
Unruh Effect and Information Entropy Approach
Authors: Teslyk Maksym , Bravina Larissa , Zabrodin Evgeny
Published: May 2022

The Unruh effect can be considered a source of particle production. The idea has been widely employed in order to explain multiparticle production in hadronic and heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies. The attractive feature of the application of the Unruh effect as a possible mechanism of the multiparticle production is the thermalized spectra of newly produced particles. In the present paper, the total entropy generated by the Unruh effect is calculated within the framework of information theory. In contrast to previous studies, here the calculations are conducted for the finite time of existence of the non-inertial reference frame. In this case, only a finite number of particles are produced. The dependence on the mass of the emitted particles is taken into account. Analytic expression for the entropy of radiated boson and fermion spectra is derived. We study also its asymptotics corresponding to low- and high-acceleration limiting cases. The obtained results can be further generalized to other intrinsic degrees of freedom of the emitted particles, such as spin and electric charge.
Genetic Diversity among Four Populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Honduras as Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase I
Authors: Escobar Denis , Ortiz Bryan , Urrutia Oscar , Fontecha Gustavo
Published: May 2022

Aedes aegypti is a hematophagous and highly anthropophilic mosquito with a wide distribution, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Ae. aegypti is the main vector of several febrile diseases called arboviruses (dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika viruses), which represent an important public health problem. Populations of this mosquito were nearly eliminated from the Americas in the mid-20th century; however, after the abandonment of control measures, mosquito populations have been recovering territory, have expanded by anthropogenic mechanisms, and have been joined by new populations reintroduced from other continents. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the genetic variability of Aedes aegypti collected in four cities located along the so-called logistics corridor of Honduras, which connects the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. We studied the sequences of two molecular markers: the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI mtDNA) gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2 rDNA) of 40 mosquitoes. Phylogenetic analyzes show two separate clades with a low number of nucleotide differences per site, three haplotypes, and low haplotype diversity. These results suggest a low genetic diversity in the populations of Ae. aegypti in Honduras in relation to that reported in other countries of the Central American isthmus.
Bactericidal Activity of Ceragenin in Combination with Ceftazidime, Levofloxacin, Co-Trimoxazole, and Colistin against the Opportunistic Pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Authors: Paprocka Paulina , Mańkowska Angelika , Skłodowski Karol , Król Grzegorz , Wollny Tomasz , Lesiak Agata , Głuszek Katarzyna , Savage Paul B. , Durnaś Bonita , Bucki Robert
Published: May 2022

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is an emerging opportunistic Gram-negative rod causing nosocomial infections predominantly in immunocompromised patients. Due to its broad intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, including carbapenems and the ability to form a biofilm, it is difficult to eradicate. Methods: In this study, the benefit of combined administration (potential synergism) and anti-biofilm activity of ceragenins: CSA-13, CSA-44, and CSA-131 (synthetic mimics of natural antimicrobial peptides) with ceftazidime, levofloxacin, co-trimoxazole and colistin against clinical strains of S. maltophilia were determined using MIC/MBC (minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration), killing assays and CV staining. Results: Obtained data indicate that the ceragenins exhibit strong activity against the tested strains of S. maltophilia grown in planktonic culture and as stationary biofilms. Moreover, with some strains, the synergy of ceragenins with conventional antibiotics was observed Conclusion: Our data suggest that ceragenins are promising agents for future development of new methods for treatment of infections caused by S. maltophilia, along with its potential use in combination with conventional antibiotics.
Unilateral Transient Enhanced SEP during Integrated Multiparameter Neurophysiological Monitoring in a Newborn with Symptomatic Seizure
Authors: Cavaliere Sara , Lori Silvia , Bastianelli Maria , Cossu Cesarina , Gabbanini Simonetta , Dani Carlo , Bertini Giovanna
Published: May 2022

During Integrated Multiparametric Neurophysiological Monitoring (IMNA), a newborn with suspected hypoxia at birth and microhaemorrhagic and ischaemic lesions presented some clonic-tonic episodes with specific EEG patterns characterized by rolandic and temporal spikes and the appearance of a unilateral enhanced Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP) (10.45 µv). Since the literature does not seem to describe cases of giant SEP in newborns, in this case report, we will discuss the hypotheses underlying this potential. It could be assumed that the ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions presented by the newborn may have developed as a result of neurotransmitter balance failure. This may be the origin of the EEG picture, which, consequently, could have triggered a potential with high amplitude.
Fluorochrome Selection for Imaging Intraoperative Ovarian Cancer Probes
Authors: Perrone Maria Grazia , Vitale Paola , Miciaccia Morena , Ferorelli Savina , Centonze Antonella , Solidoro Roberta , Munzone Cristina , Bonaccorso Carmela , Fortuna Cosimo Gianluca , Kleinmanns Katrin , Bjørge Line , Scilimati Antonio
Published: May 2022

The identification and removal of all gross and microscopic tumor to render the patient disease free represents a huge challenge in ovarian cancer treatment. The presence of residual disease is an independent negative prognostic factor. Herein, we describe the synthesis and the “in vitro” evaluation of compounds as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitors, the COX-1 isoform being an ovarian cancer biomarker, each bearing fluorochromes with different fluorescence features. Two of these compounds N-[4-(9-dimethylimino-9H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ylamino) butyl]-2-(3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)acetamide chloride (RR11) and 3-(6-(4-(2-(3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-yl)acetamido)butyl)amino-6-oxohexyl)-2-[7-(1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-3-ethyl 2H-benz[e]indolin-2-yl-idene)-1,3,5-heptatrienyl]-1,1-dimethyl-3-(6-carboxilato-hexyl)-1H-benz[e]indolium chloride, 23 (MSA14) were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 “in vitro”, and thus were further investigated “in vivo”. The IC50 values were 0.032 and 0.087 µM for RR11 and 23 (MSA 14), respectively, whereas the COX-2 IC50 for RR11 is 2.4 µM while 23 (MSA14) did not inhibit COX-2 even at a 50 µM concentration. Together, this represented selectivity index = 75 and 874, respectively. Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) performed with the Fingerprints for Ligands and Proteins (FLAP) software allowed both to differentiate highly active compounds from less active and inactive structures and to define their interactions inside the substrate-binding cavity of hCOX1. Fluorescent probes RR11 and 23 (MSA14), were used for preliminary near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging (FLI) in human ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3) xenograft models. Surprisingly, a tumor-specific signal was observed for both tested fluorescent probes, even though this signal is not linked to the presence of COX-1.
QSAR, ADMET In Silico Pharmacokinetics, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Novel Bicyclo (Aryl Methyl) Benzamides as Potent GlyT1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: El fadili Mohamed , Er-Rajy Mohammed , Kara Mohammed , Assouguem Amine , Belhassan Assia , Alotaibi Amal , Mrabti Nidal Naceiri , Fidan Hafize , Ullah Riaz , Ercisli Sezai , Zarougui Sara , Elhallaoui Menana
Published: May 2022

Forty-four bicyclo ((aryl) methyl) benzamides, acting as glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitors, are developed using molecular modeling techniques. QSAR models generated by multiple linear and non-linear regressions affirm that the biological inhibitory activity against the schizophrenia disease is strongly and significantly correlated with physicochemical, geometrical and topological descriptors, in particular: Hydrogen bond donor, polarizability, surface tension, stretch and torsion energies and topological diameter. According to in silico ADMET properties, the most active ligands (L6, L9, L30, L31 and L37) are the molecules having the highest probability of penetrating the central nervous system (CNS), but the molecule 32 has the highest probability of being absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. Molecular docking results indicate that Tyr124, Phe43, Phe325, Asp46, Phe319 and Val120 amino acids are the active sites of the dopamine transporter (DAT) membrane protein, in which the most active ligands can inhibit the glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1). The results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that all five inhibitors remained stable in the active sites of the DAT protein during 100 ns, demonstrating their promising role as candidate drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia.