bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-exome sequencing reveals mutational profiles of anorectal and gynecological melanoma
Authors: Sun Wei , Liu Kunyan , Zhou Hongyu , Zhao Fang , Dong Yan , Xu Yu , Kong Yunyi , Wang Minghe , Cheng Xi , Chen Yong
Published: October 2023

Mucosal melanoma is a rare and highly malignant type of melanoma. Among the sites that mucosal melanoma arises, anorectal and gynecological melanoma has more aggressive behavior and worse prognosis. There was no effective therapy for mucosal melanoma at present. Only a small number of mucosal melanoma patients which harbor mutations in BRAF or KIT benefit from targeted therapy. So it’s an urgent need to identify more actionable mutations in mucosal melanoma. To identify more potential therapeutic targets in mucosal melanoma, 48 samples were collected from 44 patients with anorectal or gynecological melanoma and subjected to whole-exome sequencing. The tumor mutation burden was low with a median of 1.75 mutations per Mb. In chromosomal level, 1q, 6p and 8q of mucosal melanoma were significantly amplified while 9p, 10p, 10q, 16p and 16q were significantly deleted. Muc16 was the most frequently mutated oncogene in our samples(25%). The mutation frequency of KIT(20%) was comparable to the "triple-wild" genes-NRAS(20%), NF1(20%), and BRAF(11%). KMT2D mutation was found in 18.18% patients, which is previously unidentified. MAPK signaling pathway and lysine degradation were the most frequently mutated pathways. Moreover, patients with TP53 mutations tend to have worse clinical outcome (median survival time 19 vs. 50 months, log-rank P = 0.006). 2000 ore mutated genes involved in MAPK signaling pathway were identified, which expand the patients potentially benefit from ample MAPK inhibitors. KMT2D could be a potential therapeutic target. Moreover, TP53 could be a potential prognosis marker for mucosal melanoma.
Convolutional Neural Network for Fully Automated Cerebellar Volumetry in Children in Comparison to Manual Segmentation and Developmental Trajectory of Cerebellar Volumes
Authors: Sobootian Daria Juliane , Bronzlik Paul , Spineli Loukia M. , Becker Lena Sophie , Winther Hinrich Boy , Bueltmann Eva
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a fully automated and reliable volumetry of the cerebellum of children during infancy and childhood using deep learning algorithms in comparison to manual segmentation. In addition, the clinical usefulness of measuring the cerebellar volume is shown. One hundred patients (0 to 16.3 years old) without infratentorial signal abnormalities on conventional MRI were retrospectively selected from our pool of pediatric MRI examinations. Based on a routinely acquired 3D T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence, the cerebella were manually segmented using ITK-SNAP. The data set of all 100 cases was divided into four splits (four-fold cross-validation) to train the network (NN) to delineate the boundaries of the cerebellum. First, the accuracy of the newly created neural network was compared with the manual segmentation. Secondly, age-related volume changes were investigated. Our trained NN achieved an excellent Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.99, a Dice Coefficient of 95.0 ± 2.1%, and an intersection over union (IoU) of 90.6 ± 3.8%. Cerebellar volume increased continuously with age, showing an exponentially rapid growth within the first year of life. Using a convolutional neural network, it was possible to achieve reliable, fully automated cerebellar volume measurements in childhood and infancy, even when based on a relatively small cohort. In this preliminary study, age-dependent cerebellar volume changes could be acquired.
The frieze of the Art of War in the Ducal Palace of Urbino: conservation issues, materials, and executive techniques
Authors: Amadori Maria Letizia
Published: October 2023

The frieze of the Art of War was originally positioned along the sides of the facade of the Ducal Palace in Urbino (Marche, Italy), and it is currently located in the palace’s Chancellery Room. The frieze, probably elaborated by Federico da Montefeltro around 1474, consists s of stone bas-reliefs illustrating a rich iconographic repertoire depicting numerous engineering machines and symbols related to the military and political spheres. The present work aims to deepen the knowledge of the Art War frieze and to clarify some doubts regarding the original shape of the bas-reliefs, the constituent material, and the executive technique; conservation issues were also considered. Polarized light microscopy observations were carried out on the stone materials, identifying the use of a packstone referable to the Calcare Massiccio A Formation (Hettangian-Lower Pliensbachian p.p.). This stone, locally known as Piobbico Travertine, was excavated in the Val d’Abisso quarries, part of the Umbria-Marche ridge. Ca-oxalates were detected by Fourier transform infrared analysis in the brownish patinas that mainly cover the surfaces of the bas-reliefs; they could be related to ancient conservation treatments and/or to biological agents. Regarding the execution technique, a thorough autoptic examination allowed for a better understanding of the original conformation of the bas-reliefs and the carving process. Stylistic and executive differences in the execution of the same detail were observed in different bas-reliefs, confirming the activity of various sculptors. Different decay typologies were used to consider the debate regarding the original arrangement of the frieze on the facade, validating the most accredited hypothesis.
Application of artificial neural network (ANN) for investigation of the impact of past and future land use–land cover change on streamflow in the Upper Gilgel Abay watershed, Abay Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Eshetie Argaw A. , Wubneh Melsew A. , Kifelew Mekash S. , Alemu Mikhael G.
Published: October 2023

Changes in land area features, such as vegetation type and soil conditions, have an impact on carbon sources and sinks and support food production; this is critical in addressing global sustainability challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and food security. The study's major goal was to determine how LULC changes in the past and future might affect streamflow in the Upper Gilgel Abay watershed. The modeling was conducted using the MOLUSCE Quantum GIS plugins cellular automata simulation method and streamflow modeled using SWAT. Landsat 5 TM (1995), Landsat 7 ETM + (2007), and Landsat 8 imaging (2018) satellites were used to collect the images, which were then categorized using ERDAS 2014 software, and the kappa coefficient becomes 84.04%, 82.37%, and 85.54% for 1995, 2007, and 2018 LULC, respectively. SWAT model better performed the simulation which isR2of 0.77 for calibration and 0.68 for validation and ENSbecomes 0.71 and 0.62 for calibration and validation, respectively. The output change in streamflow due to past and future LULC maps shows an increase in LULC in cultivated areas and resulted in 39%, 46.81%, and 52.45% in each of the years 1995, 2007, and 2018, respectively. The three LULC modifications in the land cover maps from 1995, 2007, and 2018 had simulated mean monthly peak discharges of 62.20 m3/s, 66.51 m3/s, and 72.10 m3/s, respectively. The projected LULC 2027 also shows a similar increase in the study area, and dominantly cultivated land illustrates the highest change at around 53.77% but the highest change occurs on grassland during (2018–2027) land use at around 12.29%. And the highest streamflow was found around a monthly average of 1400 m3/s. The study primarily provides insight into how LULC fluctuation affects streamflow, and it is crucial for water planners and natural resource professionals whose focus is on the Upper Gilgel Abay basin.
Models and explanatory variables in modelling failure for drinking water pipes to support asset management: a mixed literature review
Authors: Forero-Ortiz Edwar , Martinez-Gomariz Eduardo , Sanchez-Juny Marti , Cardus Gonzalez Jaume , Cucchietti Fernando , Baque Viader Ferran , Sarrias Monton Miquel
Published: October 2023

There is an increasing demand to enhance infrastructure asset management within the drinking water sector. A key factor for achieving this is improving the accuracy of pipe failure prediction models. Machine learning-based models have emerged as a powerful tool in enhancing the predictive capabilities of water distribution network models. Extensive research has been conducted to explore the role of explanatory variables in optimizing model outputs. However, the underlying mechanisms of incorporating explanatory variable data into the models still need to be better understood. This review aims to expand our understanding of explanatory variables and their relationship with existing models through a comprehensive investigation of the explanatory variables employed in models over the past 15 years. The review underscores the importance of obtaining a substantial and reliable dataset directly from Water Utilities databases. Only with a sizeable dataset containing high-quality data can we better understand how all the variables interact, a crucial prerequisite before assessing the performance of pipe failure rate prediction models.
The Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP): a Systematic Review
Authors: Klempel Natalie J. , Kennedy Niamh , Pedlow Katy
Published: October 2023

Purpose of Review

To determine and examine the evidence of GRASP in an upper limb rehabilitation setting for survivors of stroke.

Five databases were searched: CINAHL Complete, Medline (OVID), Embase, Cochrane Methodological Register, and Open Grey resulting in 8 studies for this review. Studies that included survivors of stroke using GRASP, participants over 18 years, and full-text articles were used. The Down’s and Black checklist and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme were used to assess risk of bias.

Recent Findings

A narrative synthesis of results, including setting and exercise time, was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical measures. The findings of this review revealed that those who used GRASP showed an increase in hand strength/dexterity, upper limb function, and in the activities of daily living. The setting of GRASP provides implications for the way the program can be delivered in the future.
Age-related changes in auditory perception. Hearing loss in the elderly: aging ear or aging brain?
Authors: Brotto Davide , Benvegnù Francesco , Colombo Anna , de Filippis Cosimo , Martini Alessandro , Favaretto Niccolò
Published: October 2023

Hearing loss in the elderly is a very common disease: it is estimated to affect up to a third of the population aged 65 years or more, and 50% of people over 75 years old. There is a growing amount of data concerning the association between hearing loss and cognitive decline. Various possible mechanisms at the basis of this association have been proposed, such as the “common cause hypothesis,” the “cascade hypothesis,” and the “cognitive load hypothesis.”

Critically reviewing the data is essential to highlight the features of the relationship between hearing loss and cognitive decline. Most of the hearing tests available should take into account that dementia or even just mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may lead to poor performance during examination. On the other hand, clinicians should also remember that tests used to assess cognitive function require an adequate hearing capacity.

In this article we propose to analyze current diagnostic tests, treatment options, auditory processing, and rehabilitation strategies for hearing loss in the elderly in order to facilitate the management of this handicap in this fragile population.
Modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis
Authors: Jackson F. F. , Mishra R. , Rebelo J. M. , Santos J. , Antunes P. , Pombo J. , Magalhães H. , Wills L. , Askill M.
Published: October 2023

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric trains. Changing heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings, overbridges, and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile, and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational height. This research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an HSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations, such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact forces. Specifically, computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting, such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 train. From an aerodynamic perspective, this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing, although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph extension. Combining the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph behaviour. The results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models, leading to behaviour of the pantograph–catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.
Built-In Electric Field-Driven Ultrahigh-Rate K-Ion Storage via Heterostructure Engineering of Dual Tellurides Integrated with Ti3C2Tx MXene
Authors: Pan Long , Hu Rongxiang , Zhang Yuan , Sha Dawei , Cao Xin , Li Zhuoran , Zhao Yonggui , Ding Jiangxiang , Wang Yaping , Sun ZhengMing
Published: October 2023

Exploiting high-rate anode materials with fast K+ diffusion is intriguing for the development of advanced potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) but remains unrealized. Here, heterostructure engineering is proposed to construct the dual transition metal tellurides (CoTe2/ZnTe), which are anchored onto two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets. Various theoretical modeling and experimental findings reveal that heterostructure engineering can regulate the electronic structures of CoTe2/ZnTe interfaces, improving K+ diffusion and adsorption. In addition, the different work functions between CoTe2/ZnTe induce a robust built-in electric field at the CoTe2/ZnTe interface, providing a strong driving force to facilitate charge transport. Moreover, the conductive and elastic Ti3C2Tx can effectively promote electrode conductivity and alleviate the volume change of CoTe2/ZnTe heterostructures upon cycling. Owing to these merits, the resulting CoTe2/ZnTe/Ti3C2Tx (CZT) exhibit excellent rate capability (137.0 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and cycling stability (175.3 mAh g−1 after 4000 cycles at 3.0 A g−1, with a high capacity retention of 89.4%). More impressively, the CZT-based full cells demonstrate high energy density (220.2 Wh kg−1) and power density (837.2 W kg−1). This work provides a general and effective strategy by integrating heterostructure engineering and 2D material nanocompositing for designing advanced high-rate anode materials for next-generation KIBs."Image missing"
Retente, Raynaldo, de lavorer
Authors: Glück Jan
Published: October 2023

Kann ein Fuchs für die Tötung eines Huhns zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen sein? Diese Frage mag aus Sicht moderner Rechtsordnungen unsinnig wirken, unter den spezifischen Bedingungen tierepischen Erzählens, in dem die anthropologische Differenz systematisch unterlaufen wird, handelt es sich aber um eine durchaus sinnvolle Fragestellung. Denn der Fuchs und seine Opfer sind hier nie einfach nur Tiere, sie referieren aber auch nicht unmittelbar auf außerliterarische Menschen. Vielmehr weisen sie eine immer neu zu bestimmende Plastizität auf, sodass die wiederholte Zuschreibung von Verantwortung an Tierfiguren zugleich als Verhandlung der Bedingungen einer Responsibilisierung von Menschen erkennbar wird. In der Folge der tierepischen Erzählungen von Gerichtsverhandlungen gegen den Fuchs entwickelt sich so ausgehend von Le jugement de Renart im 12. und 13. Jahrhundert ein volkssprachlicher Responsibilisierungsdiskurs, den der vorliegende Beitrag nachzeichnet. In Reinhart Fuchs, Van den vos Reynaerde und Rainaldo e Lesengrino, die in jeweils eigenständiger Art und Weise auf den Roman de Renart zurückgreifen, zeigt sich dabei in zunehmendem Ausmaß, dass der Mensch Verantwortung nicht nur für sich selbst vor Gericht, sondern auch für das Gerichtsverfahren und schließlich für die Gestaltung seiner sozialen Ordnung insgesamt übernehmen muss.
Digital Maturity of Forecasting and its Impact in Times of Crisis
Authors: Eichholz Julia , Knauer Thorsten , Winkelmann Sandra
Published: October 2023

Especially in times of crisis, reliable predictions about probable future developments are difficult, but critical for successfully managing business operations. At the same time, it remains unclear what constitutes a good forecasting process during crises. The aim of this study is to analyze whether and how digital transformation can enhance forecasting processes and enable firms to better deal with crises. To do so, we refer to the concept of digital maturity, i.e., the extent to which digital transformation is adopted in internal processes, studied at the practice of forecasting. Specifically, we analyze whether digitally more mature forecasting processes positively influence (1) satisfaction with forecasting during crises, (2) the effectiveness of countermeasures, and (3) the economic situation during crises. We conduct a cross-sectional survey among 195 medium-sized and large companies in Germany to shed light on the forecasting process and its digital maturity as well as on the impact of the COVID-19 economic crisis on companies. Based on ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, we find that digitally more mature forecasts increase satisfaction with forecasting and the effectiveness of countermeasures. Overall, this study provides new insights into relevant aspects of forecasting to support successful crisis management, and it highlights the importance of advancing digital transformation in forecasting, especially to successfully deal with crises.
Bildungssprachliche Qualität in Lehr-Lernmitteln des Sachunterrichts
Authors: Hack-Cengizalp Esra
Published: October 2023

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die bildungssprachliche Qualität am Beispiel des Wortschatzes (sog. schulischer Bildungswortschatz) erfasst. Als Sample liegen dabei sowohl schriftliche und als auch mündliche Textmedien vor, die auf den Sachunterricht der vierten Klasse ausgerichtet sind. Diese werden entlang der Frage, ob es einen gemeinsamen Wortschatz in den ausgewählten Fachtexten gibt und ob es didaktisch sinnvoll ist, diesen gemeinsamen Wortschatz in thematischen Einheiten zu systematisieren, untersucht. Dabei werden die schulische Bildungssprache sowie die fachdidaktische Funktion als theoretische Ansatzpunkte dargestellt. Abschließend werden sprachdidaktische Schlussfolgerungen für die Systematisierung des fachsensiblen Bildungswortschatzes gezogen.
Distance estimation technique from 360-degree images in built-in environments
Authors: Pourbakht Mojtaba , Kametani Yoshihiro
Published: October 2023

The present study introduces a novel approach for quantifying distances within constructed environments. A mathematical model was developed for distance estimation in image processing using width and height estimation. In order to determine distance, the study employed the use of visual angle and sky view factor (SVF). Additionally, a camera with capabilities similar to the human eye was utilized to capture 360-degree photographs from a fixed position within a virtual reality corridor. The technique of Sky View Factor (SVF) is employed in indoor environments with ceilings by eliminating windows, doors, and roofs, thereby simulating a virtual sky. This enables the calculation of various parameters such as the image's area, area fraction, and aspect ratio through the utilization of image processing methods. Distance estimation can be predicted through the utilization of the sky view factor and visual angle, employing a linear regression analysis. The method of virtual sky view factor (VSVF) has potential applications in the fields of Engineering, robotics, and architecture for the estimation of indoor distances.
Organic matter addition promotes Cd immobilization in alkaline paddy soils
Authors: Sun Zhaoyang , Zhang Wenjun , Sun Hongwen , Wang Jiaping , Chen Qiusheng , Yuan Chaolei
Published: October 2023

Straw incorporation into the soil is a common agricultural practice, but its effect on soil cadmium (Cd) mobility is not well understood. We added 0–20 g kg−1organic matters (OMs) with different C/N ratios to three spiked alkaline paddy soils that contained a realistically low concentration of total Cd (0.94 mg kg−1), and then investigated soil Cd solubility in alternate watering conditions. As current physical and chemical methods have difficulties in accurately determining the distribution and speciation of Cd in soil at a low concentration, we measured multiple soil properties to identify key factors regulating dissolved Cd concentration. For all three soils, pH and dissolved Cd concentration both decreased after flooding and increased after subsequent drying. OM addition significantly reduced soil Cd solubility at both flooding and drying stages. Random forest and linear regressions further confirmed that soil total organic carbon, rather than pH, dissolved organic carbon, or total inorganic carbon as previously suggested, was the primary predictor of Cd solubility. OMs with different C/N ratios had similar effects on soil Cd solubility, whereas the effect of OM addition rate depended on soil type. The results demonstrated the potential of straw incorporation for the remediation of Cd-contaminated alkaline paddy soils, through mechanisms that differ from those reported for acid soils.

Graphical Abstract
Basu v. Ger. and Muhammad v. Spain (Eur. Ct. H.R.)
Authors: Farrior Stephanie
Published: October 2023

In two cases decided on October 18, 2022, the European Court of Human Rights issued judgments for the first time in complaints alleging racial profiling in police identity checks. The applicants in both cases alleged that the police had selected them for a check due to racial discrimination, and both argued that the state had failed to conduct an effective investigation in response to their complaints. In one case, a unanimous court found a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights, but in the other case, a sharply divided court decided 4–3 that there was no violation. The cases raise serious questions about proof and evidence in racial profiling cases, as well as what policies and procedures would meet the state obligation to ensure an adequate legal framework to protect against racial discrimination.
On the early development of Huastecs (Gulf of Mexico) revealed by the Earth's magnetic field recorded in domestic hearths
Authors: Goguitchaichvili Avto , Valdovinos Víctor Hugo , Cejudo Rubén , Kravchinsky Vadim , Morales Juan , Ramirez Gustavo , García Rafael , Cervantes Miguel
Published: October 2023

A detailed magnetic mineralogy and archaeomagnetic study was carried out on recently discovered domestic hearths and burned floors at the Chak Pet archaeological settlement (Tamaulipas, Mexico). The study aimed to obtain reliable absolute chronological constraints on the early development of Huastecs during the Formative period. Oriented hand samples corresponded to four domestic hearths and one burned floor. Continuous thermomagnetic curves revealed mostly irreversible behavior, while titanomagnetites, titanomaghemites, and goethites are assumed to carry the remanent magnetization. In total, 87 specimens were subjected to stepwise demagnetization of natural remanent magnetization using an alternating field procedure. Characteristic remanent magnetization directions were obtained for 29 samples of two hearths and one burned floor. No single, technically acceptable paleointensity determination was obtained. The new archaeomagnetic age intervals for Chak Pet allow locating the origin of this settlement at the Gulf of Mexico within the Middle Formative (900–600 BCE) continuing until the Late Formative period (350–100 BCE). New archaeomagnetic ages are in accordance with the diagnostic pottery analysis. Dated archaeological elements are associated with both ceramic types and different sets of burials, providing a reliable tool to calibrate their chronological and stratigraphic positions.
Mothers’ Milk and Mothers’ Time: Childcare Advice and the Conceptualization of Demand Feeding in Post-1945 Britain and Italy
Authors: Cullen Niamh , Rowold Katharina
Published: October 2023

This article draws on childcare advice to investigate the shift from breastfeeding by the clock to feeding on demand in twentieth-century Britain and Italy, to demonstrate that it was not just mothers’ bodies, nor what they fed their children, but their time that was subject to political, medical, and cultural attention. The comparative approach highlights the convergences and divergences in breastfeeding advice, illuminating the interactions with political and intellectual currents, as much as social and economic patterns. ‘Scientific motherhood’ and the promotion of feeding by the clock dominated in Britain and Italy at the beginning of the century, and persisted under fascist initiatives to regulate breastfeeding. Some existing differences, however, contained the seeds of greater divergence after 1945 in the two countries. Shaped by differing intersections of medical, psychoanalytic, and feminist thinking, the uneven shift to the concept of demand feeding slowly took root in Britain in the post-war period, but in Italy only in the context of 1968 counter-cultural ideas. The 1970s brought the conversation back to a point of convergence between Britain and Italy in the feminist recognition of the complexities of balancing the ‘rights and duties’ of mothers and children when it came to feeding babies.
Comparing TIMI, HEART, and GRACE Risk Scores to Predict Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease and 30-Day Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Emergency Department Patients with NSTEACS
Authors: Yalcin Ocak Necmiye , Yesilaras Murat , Kilicaslan Baris , Eyler Yesim , Mutlu İnan , Kutlu Murat
Published: October 2023

Background:

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are hard to diagnose because their clinical presentation is broad. Current guidelines suggest early clinical risk stratification to the optimal site of care. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI); History, Electrocardiogram, Age, Risk Factors, Troponin (HEART); and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk scores to predict the development of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) in the emergency department (ED). In addition, independent variables associated with the development of MACE were also examined.

Methods:

This study is a prospective, observational, single-center study. All patients over 18 years of age who were planned to be hospitalized for pre-diagnosed NSTEACS (NSTEMI + UAP) were included in the study consecutively. Patients’ demographic information and all variables necessary for calculating risk scores (TIMI, HEART, and GRACE) were recorded. Two experienced cardiologists evaluated all coronary angiograms and calculated the Gensini score.

Results:

The median age was 60 (IQR: 18) years, and 220 (61.6%) were male of the 357 patients included in the study. In this study, 91 MACE (52 percutaneous coronary interventions [PCI], 28 coronary artery bypass graft [CABG], three cerebrovascular disease [CVD], and eight deaths) occurred. The 30-day MACE rate was 25.5%. The low-risk group constituted 40.0%, 1.4%, and 68.0% of the population, respectively, in TIMI, HEART, and GRACE scores. Multiple logistic regression models for predicting MACE, age (P = .005), mean arterial pressure (MAP; P = .015), and High-Sensitive Troponin I (P = .004) were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The ability of the GRACE, HEART, and TIMI risk scores to predict severe CAD in patients with NSTEACS is similar. In patients with NSTEACS, the HEART and GRACE risk scores can better predict the development of MACE than the TIMI risk score. When low-risk groups are evaluated according to the three risk scores, the HEART score is more reliable to exclude the diagnosis of NSTEACS.
A low-profile SIW multi-beam antenna array fed by a compact two-layer 6 × 6 BFN
Authors: Pezhman Mohammad Mahdi , Heidari Abbas Ali , Ghafoorzadeh-Yazdi Ali , Homayoon Fatemeh , Shahraki Hamed
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a low-profile six-beam antenna implemented by a compact two-layer 6 × 6 beamforming network (BFN) and a 6 × 2 slot antenna in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The main components of the proposed 6 × 6 BFN are 3 × 3 multi-aperture couplers, interlayer hybrid couplers, and several phase shifters which are embedded on two microwave substrates. The proposed antenna has been designed, simulated, and fabricated for the frequency range of 28–32 GHz. The size of this antenna is 82 × 31.8 × 0.787 mm3, which can be a suitable choice for 5G applications due to its compact dimensions compared to similar works. Prototype testing shows that the proposed structure presents a stable beamforming performance both in simulation and measurement with good agreement. The antenna generates six radiation beams in directions ±9°, ±30°, and ±54° with good return losses and isolations.
Eddy‐Mean Flow Interaction With a Multiple Scale Quasi Geostrophic Model
Authors: Deremble Bruno , Uchida Takaya , Dewar William K. , Samelson Roger M.
Published: October 2023

Parameterization of mesoscale eddies in coarse resolution ocean models is necessary to include the effect of eddies on the large‐scale oceanic circulation. We propose to use a multiple‐scale Quasi‐Geostrophic (MSQG) model to capture the eddy dynamics that develop in response to a prescribed large‐scale flow. The MSQG model consists in extending the traditional quasi geostrophic (QG) dynamics to include the effects of a variable Coriolis parameter and variable background stratification. Solutions to this MSQG equation are computed numerically and compared to a full primitive equation model. The large‐scale flow field permits baroclinically unstable QG waves to grow. These instabilities saturate due to non‐linearities and a filtering method is applied to remove large‐scale structures that develop due to the upscale cascade. The resulting eddy field represents a dynamically consistent response to the prescribed background flow, and can be used to rectify the large‐scale dynamics. Comparisons between Gent‐McWilliams eddy parameterization and the present solutions show large regions of agreement, while also indicating areas where the eddies feed back onto the large scale in a manner that the Gent‐McWilliams parameterization cannot capture. Also of interest is the time variability of the eddy feedback which can be used to build stochastic eddy parameterizations.
Critical role of VHL/BICD2/STAT1 axis in crystal-associated kidney disease
Authors: Hao Wenyan , Zhang Hongxian , Hong Peng , Zhang Xin , Zhao Xuyang , Ma Lulin , Qiu Xiaoyan , Ping Hao , Lu Dan , Yin Yuxin
Published: October 2023

Nephrolithiasis is highly prevalent and associated with the increased risk of kidney cancer. The tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is critical for renal cancer development, however, its role in kidney stone disease has not been fully elucidated until now. Here we reported VHL expression was upregulated in renal epithelial cells upon exposure to crystal. Utilizing Vhl+/mu mouse model, depletion of VHL exacerbated kidney inflammatory injury during nephrolithiasis. Conversely, overexpression of VHL limited crystal-induced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in a BICD2-depdendent manner. Mechanistically, VHL interacted with the cargo adaptor BICD2 and promoted its K48-linked poly-ubiquitination, consequently resulting in the proteasomal degradation of BICD2. Through promoting STAT1 nuclear translocation, BICD2 facilitated IFNγ signaling transduction and enhanced IFNγ-mediated suppression of cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc−, eventually increasing cell sensitivity to ferroptosis. Moreover, we found that the BRAF inhibitor impaired the association of VHL with BICD2 through triggering BICD2 phosphorylation, ultimately causing severe ferroptosis and nephrotoxicity. Collectively, our results uncover the important role of VHL/BICD2/STAT1 axis in crystal kidney injury and provide a potential therapeutic target for treatment and prevention of renal inflammation and drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
Combination therapy with HSP90 inhibitors and piperlongumine promotes ROS-mediated ER stress in colon cancer cells
Authors: Qiu Chenyu , Shen Xin , Lu Hui , Chen Yinghua , Xu Chenxin , Zheng Peisen , Xia Yiqun , Wang Junqi , Zhang Yafei , Li Shaotang , Zou Peng , Cui Ri , Chen Jundixia
Published: October 2023

Colon cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death. Despite recent improvements in the treatment of colon cancer, new strategies to improve the overall survival of patients are urgently needed. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is widely recognized as a promising target for treating various cancers, including colon cancer. However, no HSP90 inhibitor has been approved for clinical use due to limited efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the antitumor activities of HSP90 inhibitors in combination with piperlongumine in colon cancer cells. We show that combination treatment with HSP90 inhibitors and piperlongumine displayed strong synergistic interaction in colon cancer cells. These agents synergize by promoting ER stress, JNK activation, and DNA damage. This process is fueled by oxidative stress, which is caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. These studies nominated piperlongumine as a promising agent for HSP90 inhibitor-based combination therapy against colon cancer.
Improved human greenspace exposure equality during 21st century urbanization
Authors: Wu Shengbiao , Chen Bin , Webster Chris , Xu Bing , Gong Peng
Published: October 2023

Greenspace plays a crucial role in urban ecosystems and has been recognized as a key factor in promoting sustainable and healthy city development. Recent studies have revealed a growing concern about urban greenspace exposure inequality; however, the extent to which urbanization affects human exposure to greenspace and associated inequalities over time remains unclear. Here, we incorporate a Landsat-based 30-meter time-series greenspace mapping and a population-weighted exposure framework to quantify the changes in human exposure to greenspace and associated equality (rather than equity) for 1028 global cities from 2000 to 2018. Results show a substantial increase in physical greenspace coverage and an improvement in human exposure to urban greenspace, leading to a reduction in greenspace exposure inequality over the past two decades. Nevertheless, we observe a contrast in the rate of reduction in greenspace exposure inequality between cities in the Global South and North, with a faster rate of reduction in the Global South, nearly four times that of the Global North. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of urbanization on urban nature and environmental inequality change and can help inform future city greening efforts.
MYH10 activation rescues contractile defects in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM)
Authors: García-Quintáns Nieves , Sacristán Silvia , Márquez-López Cristina , Sánchez-Ramos Cristina , Martinez-de-Benito Fernando , Siniscalco David , González-Guerra Andrés , Camafeita Emilio , Roche-Molina Marta , Lytvyn Mariya , Morera David , Guillen María I. , Sanguino María A. , Sanz-Rosa David , Martín-Pérez Daniel , Garcia Ricardo , Bernal Juan A.
Published: October 2023

The most prevalent genetic form of inherited arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is caused by mutations in desmosomal plakophilin-2 (PKP2). By studying pathogenic deletion mutations in the desmosomal protein PKP2, here we identify a general mechanism by which PKP2 delocalization restricts actomyosin network organization and cardiac sarcomeric contraction in this untreatable disease. Computational modeling of PKP2 variants reveals that the carboxy-terminal (CT) domain is required for N-terminal domain stabilization, which determines PKP2 cortical localization and function. In mutant PKP2 cells the expression of the interacting protein MYH10 rescues actomyosin disorganization. Conversely, dominant-negative MYH10 mutant expression mimics the pathogenic CT–deletion PKP2 mutant causing actin network abnormalities and right ventricle systolic dysfunction. A chemical activator of non-muscle myosins, 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP), also restores normal contractility. Our findings demonstrate that activation of MYH10 corrects the deleterious effect of PKP2 mutant over systolic cardiac contraction, with potential implications for ACM therapy.
Globally distributed Myxococcota with photosynthesis gene clusters illuminate the origin and evolution of a potentially chimeric lifestyle
Authors: Li Liuyang , Huang Danyue , Hu Yaoxun , Rudling Nicola M. , Canniffe Daniel P. , Wang Fengping , Wang Yinzhao
Published: October 2023

Photosynthesis is a fundamental biogeochemical process, thought to be restricted to a few bacterial and eukaryotic phyla. However, understanding the origin and evolution of phototrophic organisms can be impeded and biased by the difficulties of cultivation. Here, we analyzed metagenomic datasets and found potential photosynthetic abilities encoded in the genomes of uncultivated bacteria within the phylum Myxococcota. A putative photosynthesis gene cluster encoding a type-II reaction center appears in at least six Myxococcota families from three classes, suggesting vertical inheritance of these genes from an early common ancestor, with multiple independent losses in other lineages. Analysis of metatranscriptomic datasets indicate that the putative myxococcotal photosynthesis genes are actively expressed in various natural environments. Furthermore, heterologous expression of myxococcotal pigment biosynthesis genes in a purple bacterium supports that the genes can drive photosynthetic processes. Given that predatory abilities are thought to be widespread across Myxococcota, our results suggest the intriguing possibility of a chimeric lifestyle (combining predatory and photosynthetic abilities) in members of this phylum.
Sub-THz wireless transmission based on graphene-integrated optoelectronic mixer
Authors: Montanaro Alberto , Piccinini Giulia , Mišeikis Vaidotas , Sorianello Vito , Giambra Marco A. , Soresi Stefano , Giorgi Luca , D’Errico Antonio , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Pezzini Sergio , Coletti Camilla , Romagnoli Marco
Published: October 2023

Optoelectronics is a valuable solution to scale up wireless links frequency to sub-THz in the next generation antenna systems and networks. Here, we propose a low-power consumption, small footprint building block for 6 G and 5 G new radio wireless transmission allowing broadband capacity (e.g., 10–100 Gb/s per link and beyond). We demonstrate a wireless datalink based on graphene, reaching setup limited sub-THz carrier frequency and multi-Gbit/s data rate. Our device consists of a graphene-based integrated optoelectronic mixer capable of mixing an optically generated reference oscillator approaching 100 GHz, with a baseband electrical signal. We report >96 GHz optoelectronic bandwidth and −44 dB upconversion efficiency with a footprint significantly smaller than those of state-of-the-art photonic transmitters (i.e., <0.1 mm2). These results are enabled by an integrated-photonic technology based on wafer-scale high-mobility graphene and pave the way towards the development of optoelectronics-based arrayed-antennas for millimeter-wave technology.
USP36 stabilizes nucleolar Snail1 to promote ribosome biogenesis and cancer cell survival upon ribotoxic stress
Authors: Qin Kewei , Yu Shuhan , Liu Yang , Guo Rongtian , Guo Shiya , Fei Junjie , Wang Yuemeng , Jia Kaiyuan , Xu Zhiqiang , Chen Hu , Li Fengtian , Niu Mengmeng , Dai Mu-Shui , Dai Lunzhi , Cao Yang , Zhang Yujun , Xiao Zhi-Xiong Jim , Yi Yong
Published: October 2023

Tumor growth requires elevated ribosome biogenesis. Targeting ribosomes is an important strategy for cancer therapy. The ribosome inhibitor, homoharringtonine (HHT), is used for the clinical treatment of leukemia, yet it is ineffective for the treatment of solid tumors, the reasons for which remain unclear. Here we show that Snail1, a key factor in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, plays a pivotal role in cellular surveillance response upon ribotoxic stress. Mechanistically, ribotoxic stress activates the JNK-USP36 signaling to stabilize Snail1 in the nucleolus, which facilitates ribosome biogenesis and tumor cell survival. Furthermore, we show that HHT activates the JNK-USP36-Snail1 axis in solid tumor cells, but not in leukemia cells, resulting in solid tumor cell resistance to HHT. Importantly, a combination of HHT with the inhibition of the JNK-USP36-Snail1 axis synergistically inhibits solid tumor growth. Together, this study provides a rationale for targeting the JNK-USP36-Snail1 axis in ribosome inhibition-based solid tumor therapy.
Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma in real-life clinical practice: results of a multicentric, retrospective study
Authors: Váradi Melinda , Horváth Orsolya , Módos Orsolya , Fazekas Tamás , Grunewald Camilla M. , Niegisch Günter , Krafft Ulrich , Grünwald Viktor , Hadaschik Boris , Olah Csilla , Maráz Anikó , Furka Andrea , Szűcs Miklós , Nyirády Péter , Szarvas Tibor
Published: October 2023

Clinical trials revealed significant antitumor activity for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Due to their strict eligibility criteria, clinical trials include selected patient cohorts, and thus do not necessarily represent real-world population outcomes. In this multicentric, retrospective study, we investigated real-world data to assess the effectiveness of pembrolizumab and atezolizumab and to evaluate the prognostic value of routinely available clinicopathological and laboratory parameters. Clinical and follow-up data from mUC patients who received ICIs (01/2017-12/2021) were evaluated. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and duration of response (DOR) were used as endpoints. Patients’ (n = 210, n = 76 atezolizumab and 134 pembrolizumab) median OS and PFS were 13.6 and 5.9 months, respectively. Impaired ECOG-PS, the presence of visceral, liver or bone metastases, and hemoglobin levels were independently associated with poor OS and DCR. Furthermore, Bellmunt risk factors and the enhanced Bellmunt-CRP score were shown to be prognostic for OS, PFS and DCR. In conclusion, ICIs are effective treatments for a broad range of mUC patients. Our results confirmed the prognostic value of numerous risk factors and showed that Bellmunt risk scores can further be improved when adding CRP to the model.
Circular Biowaste Management and its Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Lenkiewicz Zoë
Published: October 2023

Rapid urbanisation coupled with poor waste management practices has led to biowaste accumulating in landfills and dumpsites in cities, far from the agricultural soils that it could fertilise. The mismanagement of biowaste is leading to the depletion of soils, pollution of water courses and emission of greenhouse gases. Meanwhile, the use of synthetic fertilisers is resulting in severe depletion of soil microbiology and causing almost irreversible damage to ecosystems. Biowaste is an abundant source of nutrients and energy that is available wherever humans live. By collecting biowaste separately to other non-biological wastes and managing it according to the waste hierarchy and circular economy principles, its contribution to achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is broad and significant, especially in relation to SDGs 2, 12, 13 and 15, with contributions to a number of others. This chapter discusses the potential of the circular bioeconomy to protect public health, strengthen the global food supply, reduce energy poverty and decelerate anthropogenic climate change.
Graphene-based Nanocomposite Sensors: Present, Past and Future
Authors: Swain Sarat Kumar , Patra Swapnita
Published: October 2023

The present chapter comprehensively explains the fundamentals behind the modification and functionalization of graphene in the designing of sensors for sensing of different analytes through electrochemical and optical techniques. The nature of environmental, chemical and biosensing analytes is mentioned and a reasonable explanation of the requirement of their detection is given. The history of graphene, graphene nanocomposites, sensors, and biosensors, as well as graphene-based nanocomposite sensors is collectively discussed. The challenges and difficulties related to traditional sensors are taken into account with critical analysis of current graphene nanocomposite-based sensing research. A study of the past, present and future perspectives of graphene-based nanocomposite sensors is undertaken in this chapter.
Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Alcohol Sensing
Authors: Zheng Fuqin , Su Ziyun , Chen Wei
Published: October 2023

Alcohols, especially low molecular weight alcohols, are an important type of chemical resource applied widely in various fields, including alcoholic beverage applications, and their presence in atmospheric and water pollution has increased rapidly. In addition, as one of the major biomarkers, alcohols have also been used to diagnose health conditions. Therefore, it is urgent and important to develop effective sensors for accurate alcohol detection. Chemical sensors, including electrochemical sensors, chemiresistive sensors, optical sensors, etc., have attractive advantages for alcohol sensing, such as rapid response, high selectivity and sensitivity, portability, and low cost, and their sensing properties are closely related to the structures of sensing materials. Among the recently used materials, graphene has been considered as one of the promising sensing materials and substrates, especially in composites with enzymes, nanoparticles, metallic oxides, etc. Here, we outline the recent studies and ongoing efforts in alcohol detection by graphene-based nanocomposites using electrochemical, chemiresistive and optical sensing techniques.
A database of molecular properties integrated in the Materials Project
Authors: Spotte-Smith Evan Walter Clark , Cohen Orion Archer , Blau Samuel M. , Munro Jason M. , Yang Ruoxi , Guha Rishabh D. , Patel Hetal D. , Vijay Sudarshan , Huck Patrick , Kingsbury Ryan , Horton Matthew K. , Persson Kristin A.
Published: October 2023

A new infrastructure for computed molecular properties, including a web app and API, is incorporated into the Materials Project, enabling the creation of a database currently containing over 170 000 molecules.
Advances in the research of carbon electrodes for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gan Yaoqiang , Sun Jian , Guo Pingchun , Jiang Hedong , Li Jiake , Zhu Hua , Fan Xueyun , Huang Liqun , Wang Yanxiang
Published: October 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were first proposed in 2009.
Direct CO2 to methanol reduction on Zr6-MOF based composite catalysts: a critical review
Authors: Tezel Elif , Sannes Dag Kristian , Svelle Stian , Szilágyi Petra Ágota , Olsbye Unni
Published: October 2023

The pressing problem of climate change on account of anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions underlines the necessity for carbon capture and utilisation technologies.
Square-wave pulse electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles for ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Budi Setia , Auliya Annisa , Winarsih Suci , Fauzi Mohammad Hamzah , Yusmaniar
Published: October 2023

Gold nanoparticles with precisely controlled sizes for electrocatalyst in ethanol electrooxidation reaction were synthesized using a one-step square-wave pulse deposition technique in an additive-free electrolyte.