bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of online customer reviews and deep learning on product innovation empirical study on mobile applications
Authors: Zhao Huiliang , Yang Qin , Liu Zhenghong
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The customer enables online reviews, discusses product features and enhances the user's experiences in online activities. Users generated product innovation and product reviews effect as market competition. This research study explains deep learning, online reviews and product innovation empirical evidence used by mobile apps.

Design/methodology/approach

Online reviews and product innovation are very important for every organization and firms to achieve a competitive advantage in a large business environment. When the authors see past traditional history, customers are not involved in product creating and innovating processes. Due to new technology changes, online systems and web 2.0 increase this ability.

Findings

For this research purpose, the authors use different analytical software to measure the impact among variables. This study is established on primary data; this study collected data from online customers and its users. For data collection, the authors use some questionnaires, and these questions are filled from 200 respondents.

Research limitations/implications

This research study used data from the Google app store – Google product selling application – and gathered customers' online reviews. Research found that customers' online reviews and deep learning positively and significantly influence product innovation through networking technology. This research-based online mobile application and its research reviews found that organizations convert their own business online and effectively and efficiently enhance creditability.

Originality/value

This research study used data from the Google app store Google product selling application and gathered customers' online reviews. Research founded that customers' online reviews and deep learning are positively and significantly influence product innovation through networking technology. This research-based online mobile application and its research reviews found that organizations convert their own business online and effectively and efficiently enhance creditability.
Factors influencing thermal resistance of a down sleeping bag
Authors: An Yuying , Xu Guangbiao , Shen Hua
Published: March 2021

Purpose

To have a better understanding of the heat transfer mechanisms in a sleeping bag and to investigate the factors influencing thermal resistance of a down sleeping bag.

Design/methodology/approach

The mechanism of heat transfer in a sleeping bag was discussed in this paper. The thermal resistances of 24 samples were investigated. Besides, the relation between fill weight and thermal resistance, and that between the air permeability of fabric and thermal resistance, as well as that between down filling rate and thermal resistance were analyzed.

Findings

The results showed that thermal resistances of samples varied from 0.35 to 0.8 m2 K/W. The fill weight was the most important factor of thermal resistance of sleeping bag and the relation between fill weight and thermal resistance matched well with cubic function. A multiple regression formula was proposed, which with thermal resistance as a dependent variable and with air permeability of fabric, down filling rate, fill weight as independent variables.

Originality/value

Thermal properties of a sleeping bag were analyzed through simplified basic unit under simplified environment conditions, which was necessary for building the first stage of systematic study of thermal performance of a sleeping bag.
Model for the maintenance-focussed heritage building conservation
Authors: Cruz Arturo , Coffey Vaughan , H.T. Chan Tommy , Perovic Miljenka
Published: March 2021

Purpose

This paper presents and illustrates the model of a maintenance-focussed conservation plan developed in the thesis. It proposes a framework which puts more emphasis on maintenance in conservation than reconstruction, restorations, repairs or even a “do-nothing” approach.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted in an Australian context, where many major buildings are categorised as being “modern heritage”. However, the main problem with modern heritage is that although it has become more celebrated within the architectural historical sector, maintenance is still only in the background of most facility management (FM) operations, and its critical importance has yet to become accepted as a potential solution to greatly facilitate the proper preservation of the nation's architectural legacy. Challenges and barriers to this approach were evaluated, whilst opportunities were identified to improve a failing current situation that has resulted in the loss of many existing heritage structures. The paper makes a strong case in order to highlight the necessity of embedding a maintenance approach in preserving the historical fabric of buildings in the heritage conservation sector.

Findings

This research examines the key strategies for a maintenance-focussed conservation system.

Originality/value

The paper tackles experiences and issues in Australia about a lack of focus on maintenance as a conservation intervention.
Conflict handling styles as predictors of entrepreneurial intentions
Authors: Berisha Gentrit , Krasniqi Besnik , Shiroka-Pula Justina , Kutllovci Enver
Published: April 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between conflict handling styles (CHS) of business managers in their entrepreneurial intentions (EI). The business manager’s propensity to become entrepreneurs is a relatively unexplored area of research. The relationship between conflict handling style and entrepreneurial intention is under-researched, particularly in a developing country like Kosovo.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-report questionnaire containing measures of conflict handing style, entrepreneurial intention and demographics was delivered to business managers in Kosovo.

Findings

Forcing style has a positive and statistically significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention. Yielding, compromising, problem solving and avoiding have weak and insignificant effects on EI.

Research limitations/implications

The relationship between conflict handling styles of managers and their entrepreneurial intention is investigated. No situational, organizational or environmental factor was considered influencing this relationship.

Practical implications

Conflict management is important in predicting the entrepreneurial intention of managers. Organizations should design human resource interventions aimed at effective team composition and employee retention to ensure performance.

Originality/value

This is the first study to investigate the relationship between conflict handling style and entrepreneurial intention using a manager sample. Furthermore, it is the first study of conflict handling styles and entrepreneurial intention of managers in Kosovo.
Metaphors of organizations in patient involvement programs: connections and contradictions
Authors: Rowland Paula , Fancott Carol , Abelson Julia
Published: March 2021

Purpose

In this paper, we contribute to the theorizing of patient involvement in organizational improvement by exploring concepts of “learning from patients” as mechanisms of organizational change. Using the concept of metaphor as a theoretical bridge, we analyse interview data (n = 20) from participants in patient engagement activities from two case study organizations in Ontario, Canada. Inspired by classic organizational scholars, we ask “what is the organization that it might learn from patients?”

Design/methodology/approach

Patient involvement activities are used as part of quality improvement efforts in healthcare organizations worldwide. One fundamental assumption underpinning this activity is the notion that organizations must “learn from patients” in order to enact positive organizational change. Despite this emphasis on learning, there is a paucity of research that theorizes learning or connects concepts of learning to organizational change within the domain of patient involvement.

Findings

Through our analysis, we interpret a range of metaphors of the organization, including organizations as (1) power and politics, (2) systems and (3) narratives. Through these metaphors, we display a range of possibilities for interpreting how organizations might learn from patients and associated implications for organizational change.

Originality/value

This analysis has implications for how the framing of the organization matters for concepts of learning in patient engagement activities and how misalignments might stymie engagement efforts. We argue that the concept and commitment to “learning from patients” would be enriched by further engagement with the sociology of knowledge and critical concepts from theories of organizational learning.
The effect of work–family conflict and hindrance stress on nurses' satisfaction: the role of ethical leadership
Authors: Freire Carla , Bettencourt Cláudia
Published: April 2021

Purpose

The main aim of this study is to explore the moderating role of ethical leadership on the indirect effect of work–family conflict on nurses' job satisfaction via hindrance stress.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire was answered by 224 nursing professionals working in public and private health institutions.

Findings

A mediation–moderation model was estimated, and the results thereof indicated that work–family conflict has an indirect negative effect on satisfaction through the mediation mechanism of hindrance stress. Results also show that ethical leadership enhances this mediated relationship.

Research limitations/implications

The cross-sectional data limited the generalization of results. Future research should develop longitudinal studies, which will allow for conclusions to be drawn with regard to inferences of causality.

Practical implications

It is recommended that health organizations should develop ethical training for their leaders. By doing so, they will address two issues: the conciliation between work and family as well as the reduction of job stress, which will subsequently improve job satisfaction.

Originality/value

The originality of this empirical study lies in the exploration of the moderating role of ethical leadership in the indirect effect of work–family conflict, which, in turn, impacts on job satisfaction via the hindrance stress experienced by nurses. The study is innovative in the sense that it seeks to gain a greater understanding of the moderation–mediation mechanisms of the variables under study.
SS‐31 protect retinal pigment epithelial cells from H2O2‐induced cell injury by reducing apoptosis
Authors: Bai Jie , Yang Yumei , Wu Dingting , Yang Fan
Published: March 2021

Evidence has shown that effects from oxidative stress induced damage of retinal or human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Antioxidant supplementation is a plausible strategy to avoid oxidative stress and maintain the function of retina. d‐Arg‐2,6‐dimethyltyrosine‐Lys‐Phe‐NH2 (SS‐31) has been used in the treatment of many diseases. In this study, we found that SS‐31 attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced loss of cell viability, reduced oxidative damage and cell apoptosis in RPE cells. HO‐1, Trx‐1 and Nrf‐2 expression levels significantly increased on pre‐treatment with SS‐31 compared with the H2O2group. SS‐31 inhibited apoptosis through the downregulation of Bax and the upregulation of Bcl‐2. Our results suggest that SS‐31 had a protective effect against H2O2treatment in ARPE‐19 cells by enhancing the antioxidative enzymes expression and decreasing apoptosis, which could be considered a promising therapeutic intervention for retinal degeneration.
Population differentiation in the leaf shape and growth form of Cardamine scutata Thunb. in tidal and non‐tidal habitats
Authors: Soga Eri , Sugisaka Jiro , Watanabe Mikio , Kudoh Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

Riparian habitats are associated with diverse hydrological conditions that may enhance population differentiation in species inhabiting areas close to water. Cardamine scutata Thunb. is a widespread riparian herb that is typically characterized by compound leaves. On the Nohbi Plain in central Honshu, Japan, it has, however, been reported that plants of C. scutata occurring in tidal wetlands along the lower reaches of large rivers have simpler leaves than those inhabiting areas further upstream. In this study, we quantitatively describe environmental conditions, leaf shape and other phenotypic traits of populations in tidal and non‐tidal habitats. Measurements of the electrical conductivity of interstitial water and fluctuations in water levels indicated that tidal populations of C. scutata occurred in typical tidal freshwater wetlands. We found that tidal and non‐tidal populations are characterized by distinct leaf shapes, simple and compound, respectively, under both field and common growth conditions. These observations indicate that differences in leaf shape reflect a genetic differentiation between populations of the same species inhabiting distinct habitats. In addition to leaf shape, we found several phenotypic differences relating to growth form, with plants in tidal populations having elongated hollowed stems and elongated inflorescences. We conclude that tidal populations of C. scutata are a discrete ecotype inhabiting freshwater tidal wetlands, presumably derived either through adaptation or genetic drift.
Back to School: The Effects of School Reopening on Parents and Children
Authors: Dahlgaard Jens Olav , Fazekas Zoltán
Published: March 2021

On 15 April, over a few days, Danish schools partially reopened. Only children up until the 5th grade were allowed to return to school. We present results from a two‐wave panel survey collected for parents with children in the 4th to the 7th grade in the week that schools partially reopened (Wave 1, initial N = 1,303) and again 2 weeks after (Wave 2, initial N = 1,000 re‐interviewed). Using a difference‐in‐difference analysis, we compare parents with children below and above the cut‐off. We do not find major differences in how our outcomes of interest develop. Government support decreased slightly more for parents whose children stayed at home, but child well‐being, parental stress, and economic situation mostly evolved in parallel for the two groups of families. More research is warranted on the long‐term effects of school lockdowns and reopening under different social contexts.
Situating adherence to medicines: The embodied practices and hinterlands of HIV antiretrovirals
Authors: Nicholls Emily Jay , Rhodes Tim , Egede Siri Jonina
Published: March 2021

Adherence to medicines tends to be envisaged as a matter of actors’ reasoned actions, though there is increasing emphasis on situating adherence as a practice materialised in everyday routines. Drawing on the qualitative interview accounts of Black African women living with HIV in London, UK, we treat adherence to HIV medicines as not only situated in the practices of the immediate and everyday but also relating to a hinterland of historical and social relations. We move from accounts which situate adherence as an embodied matter of affect in the present, to accounts which locate adherence as a condition of precarity, which also trace to enactments of time and place in the past. Adherence is therefore envisaged as a multiple and fluid effect which is made‐up in‐the‐now and in relation to a hinterland of practices which locate elsewhere.
The effects of the national agricultural input voucher scheme (NAIVS) on sustainable intensification of maize production in Tanzania
Authors: Kim Jongwoo , Mason Nicole M. , Mather David , Wu Felicia
Published: March 2021

African agricultural input subsidy programmes (ISPs) have primarily focused on conventional intensification: raising yields through increased use of inorganic fertiliser and improved seeds. Yet the yield effects from maize‐focused ISPs have been smaller than anticipated, due in part to poor maize yield response to inorganic fertiliser resulting from low soil organic matter or pH. Joint use of inorganic fertiliser with complementary soil fertility management practices—for example, organic fertiliser or maize‐legume intercropping—can contribute to more sustainable forms of agricultural intensification, while also improving yield response to inorganic fertiliser and the effectiveness of ISPs. We analyse the effects of Tanzania's ISP from 2008 to 2014, the National Agricultural Input Voucher Scheme (NAIVS), on use of these practices. Results from correlated random effects (CRE) multinomial logit (MNL) models suggest that NAIVS participation is associated with an 8–10 percentage point increase in the probabilities of inorganic fertiliser use alone and of joint use of inorganic fertiliser with organic fertiliser and/or maize‐legume intercropping on consistent maize‐growing households’ maize plots. CRE fractional MNL results suggest similar associations for the proportion of households’ total maize plots area under these practices. These results suggest that, in some cases, NAIVS may have contributed to sustainable intensification of maize production.
Dialysis unit blood pressure two hours after hemodialysis is useful for predicting home blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jeong Hye Yun , Kim Hyo Jin , Han Miyeun , Seong Eun Young , Song Sang Heon
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine which BP measurement obtained in the HD unit correlated best with home BP and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). We retrospectively analyzed data from 40 patients that received maintenance HD who had available home BP and ABPM data. Dialysis unit BPs were the averages of pre‐, 2hr‐ (2 h after starting HD), and post‐HD BP during a 9‐month study. Home BP was defined as the average of morning and evening home BPs. Dialysis unit BP and home BP were compared over the 9‐month study period. ABPM was performed once for 24 h in the absence of dialysis during the final 2 weeks of the study period and was compared to the 2‐week dialysis unit BP and home BP. There was a significant difference between dialysis unit systolic blood pressure (SBP) and home SBP over the 9‐month period. No significant difference was observed between the 2hr‐HD SBP and home SBP. When analyzing 2 weeks of dialysis unit BP and home BP, including ABPM, SBPs were significantly different (dialysis unit BP > home BP > ABPM; P = 0.009). Consistent with the 9‐month study period, no significant difference was observed between 2hr‐HD SBP and home SBP (P = 0.809). The difference between 2hr‐HD SBP and ambulatory SBP was not significant (P = 0.113). In conclusion, the 2hr‐HD SBP might be useful for predicting home BP and ABPM in HD patients.
The pathophysiological effects of exercise in the management of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A scoping review
Authors: Coskun Benlidayi Ilke , Gupta Latika
Published: April 2021

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is a term used for a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by severe muscle weakness. In addition to pharmacological treatment options, non‐pharmacological methods such as exercising are essential for proper management of myositis. The present article aimed to provide an insight into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying exercise‐related benefits in myositis. A systematic search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using the following keywords and their combinations: “idiopathic inflammatory myopathy”, “inflammatory myopathy”, “myositis”, “polymyositis”, “dermatomyositis”, “inclusion body myositis”, and “exercise”. Current literature indicates that exercising has impact on both immune and non‐immune pathways in patients with IIM. Exercise‐related benefits include (a) increased mitochondrial biogenesis/enzyme activity, (b) reconditioning of immune/inflammatory pathways, (c) decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress, (d) modulation of gene expression, (e) increased protein synthesis and cytoskeletal remodeling, and (f) decreased muscle fibrosis and non‐muscle area infiltrates. With its certain benefits, exercise stands as a precious non‐pharmacological treatment option for patients with IIM.
Individual traits influence survival of a reintroduced marsupial only at low predator densities
Authors: Bannister H. L. , Letnic M. , Blumstein D. T. , Moseby K. E.
Published: April 2021

Predation is a key factor contributing to the failure of reintroductions of vertebrates but there is variation in predation risk between individuals. Understanding the traits that render some animals less susceptible to predation, and selecting for these traits, may help improve reintroduction success. Here, we test whether prior exposure to predators or specific morphological and/or behavioural attributes explained variation in post‐reintroduction survival in a moderate and low predator density environment. We exposed a population of the threatened burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) to controlled densities of feral cats (Felis catus) for ≥3 years. We then conducted two translocations of cat‐exposed and control populations that had no exposure to predators to a new site where cats were present at moderate, then low density. Variation in survival of burrowing bettongs was not explained by prior predator exposure to predators or measured individual traits at moderate cat density. At lower cat densities, males died sooner and burrowing bettongs with larger hind feet survived longer. Although prior cat‐exposure did not confer a survival advantage at low cat densities, the cat‐exposed burrowing bettong population had larger hind feet (n = 44) compared to the control population (n = 45) suggesting that trait divergence between cat‐exposed and non‐cat‐exposed burrowing bettongs may not yet be sufficient for improved survival. Alternatively, prior predator exposure may not confer a survival advantage because they are “outgunned” by evolutionarily novel cats. Predation is a major problem thwarting successful reintroductions world‐wide. Exposing populations to predators over longer time periods and periodically testing survival will be required to determine whether pre‐release predator exposure prepares animals for life with novel predators. Our study highlights the importance of reducing predator activity at release sites prior to reintroduction to enable any benefits from intraspecific variation in survival traits to be realised.
Efficacy of the implementation of the National Emergency X‐Radiography Utilization Study II decision rule to clinical practice for paediatric head injury patients
Authors: Hautala Maria , Koskela Ulla , Pokka Tytti , Rantala Heikki , Uhari Matti , Serlo Willy , Mikkonen Kirsi
Published: March 2021

Aim

To investigate the usefulness of the National Emergency X‐Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) II head trauma decision rule in clinical practice for paediatric patients in a tertiary university hospital serving as the only paediatric hospital in the area.

Methods

We compared how doctors evaluated and examined patients with head injury during two time periods, before and after the introduction of NEXUS II decision rule. Multiple implementation strategies were used as follows: education, tutoring and written instructions for the use of NEXUS II.

Results

Two hundred and forty‐four head injury patients visited the hospital before and 385 after the introduction of the NEXUS II decision rule. The number of hospital admissions (56%) and the mean duration of hospitalisation (2.5 days) remained the same during the two periods. In the NEXUS II evaluated group, there was a decrease of 40% in the number of hospital admissions. NEXUS II was applied in only 62 (16%) cases. The number of head imaging procedures remained the same. No patients with a clinically significant head injury were missed with the NEXUS II evaluation.

Conclusion

NEXUS II was ineffective as our implementation failed. When used, NEXUS II reduced expenses in our study population by decreasing the number of hospital admissions.
Dichotomous effects on lymphatic transport with loss of caveolae in mice
Authors: Baranwal Gaurav , Creed Heidi A. , Cromer Walter E. , Wang Wei , Upchurch Bradley D. , Smithhart Matt C. , Vadlamani Suman S. , Clark Mary‐Catherine C. , Busbuso Napoleon C. , Blais Stephanie N. , Reyna Andrea J. , Dongaonkar Ranjeet M. , Zawieja David C. , Rutkowski Joseph M.
Published: April 2021

Aim

Fluid and macromolecule transport from the interstitium into and through lymphatic vessels is necessary for tissue homeostasis. While lymphatic capillary structure suggests that passive, paracellular transport would be the predominant route of macromolecule entry, active caveolae‐mediated transcellular transport has been identified in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vitro. Caveolae also mediate a wide array of endothelial cell processes, including nitric oxide regulation. Thus, how does the lack of caveolae impact “lymphatic function”?

Methods

Various aspects of lymphatic transport were measured in mice constitutively lacking caveolin‐1 (“CavKO”), the protein required for caveolae formation in endothelial cells, and in mice with a LEC‐specific Cav1 gene deletion (Lyve1‐Cre x Cav1flox/flox; “LyCav”) and ex vivo in their vessels and cells.

Results

In each model, lymphatic architecture was largely unchanged. The lymphatic conductance, or initial tissue uptake, was significantly higher in both CavKO mice and LyCav mice by quantitative microlymphangiography and the permeability to 70 kDa dextran was significantly increased in monolayers of LECs isolated from CavKO mice. Conversely, transport within the lymphatic system to the sentinel node was significantly reduced in anaesthetized CavKO and LyCav mice. Isolated, cannulated collecting vessel studies identified significantly reduced phasic contractility when lymphatic endothelium lacks caveolae. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase was able to partially restore ex vivo vessel contractility.

Conclusion

Macromolecule transport across lymphatics is increased with loss of caveolae, yet phasic contractility reduced, resulting in reduced overall lymphatic transport function. These studies identify lymphatic caveolar biology as a key regulator of active lymphatic transport functions.
Understanding the socio‐technical hybridisation of indoor–outdoor relations: Emergent, merged, and stretched
Authors: Marvin Simon , Rutherford Jonathan
Published: March 2021

Indoor and outdoor leisure environments are increasingly understood to be mutually constituted through merged relationships but there has been less focus on the actual forms that hybridisation can take. This paper provides an analysis of forms of hybridisation through time by focusing on the socio‐technical configurations through which three leisure environments are materially constituted. We analyse the key functional elements of these configurations: the technological systems and their genealogies over time that allow the making and unmaking of activities; the spatiality of facilities and systems in terms of their locations and connections across space; and the construction by providers of user pathways between indoor and outdoor activities. The paper uses this structure to compare purpose‐built indoor recreational spaces located in the city region of Greater Manchester that recreate outdoor activities focusing on skydiving, skiing, and ice wall climbing. We construct a framework of three modes of hybridisation – emergent, merged, stretched – that contributes a deeper understanding of the diversity, intensity, and changing temporality of interrelations between indoor and outdoor environments.
Never‐ending repetitiveness, sadness, loss, and “juggling with a blindfold on:” Lived experiences of Canadian college and university faculty members during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: VanLeeuwen Charlene A. , Veletsianos George , Johnson Nicole , Belikov Olga
Published: March 2021

We report on the lived experiences of faculty members during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic, exploring the broader experiences of faculty members as individuals living multifaceted lives whose homes became their offices, their students scattered geographically and their home lives upended. Using a phenomenological approach for data collection and analysis, we conducted 20 in‐depth interviews with faculty holding varied academic appointments at universities across Canada. Experiences during the early months of the pandemic were described as being overwhelming and exhausting, and participants described as being stuck in a cycle of never‐ending repetitiveness, sadness and loss, or managing life, teaching and other professional responsibilities with little sense of direction. In keeping with phenomenological methods, this research paints a visceral picture of faculty experiences, seeking to contextualize teaching and learning during this time. Its unique contribution lies in portraying emergency remote teaching as an overlapping and tumultuous world of personal, professional and day‐to‐day responsibilities.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Surveys and first‐person accounts of remote teaching paint an initial picture of experiences.

During the COVID‐19 pandemic many faculty were facing various anxieties and tensions.

The transition to remote teaching was uneven.

What this paper adds

A systematic analysis of faculty experiences during the early months of the pandemic.

Evocative and vivid descriptions of academics’ experiences.

An explanation of what it feels like to live through this time.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Faculty require more support.

Trauma‐aware and trauma‐informed practices can support faculty and their work.

Rich descriptions can inform future policymaking and practice.
Facilitating cognitive processes during EFL smartwatch‐supported learning activities in authentic contexts
Authors: Shadiev Rustam , Hwang Wu‐Yuin , Liu Tzu‐Yu
Published: March 2021

In this study, we designed a game‐based English as a foreign language (EFL) learning activity for junior high school students for the application of newly learned knowledge to the real world. The learning activity was combined with physical exercises such as walking. Smartwatches were used to help students create learning content during the learning activity and monitor their physical activity. We aimed to explore how learning activity supported by smartwatches can facilitate cognitive processes such as Remembering (i.e., remembering new knowledge), Understanding (i.e., understanding new knowledge) and Applying (i.e., applying acquired knowledge in new situations). We also explored student learning experiences during the smartwatch‐supported language learning process. Our results showed that the posttest student's cognitive processes level was significantly higher than that of the pretest. From the interviews, we found that the students’ learning experience can be categorised into EFL learning, physical exercise, smartwatch usage, learning satisfaction and problems. The results revealed that the learning activity supported by smartwatches was useful for language learning and physical exercise, and the students were satisfied with their learning experiences. The students used smartwatch functions such as texting, recording, sharing and monitoring their language practice in the real world. Based on our results, we suggest designing real‐world language learning activities supported by smartwatches as they may facilitate cognitive processes from a basic to a higher level because they enable students to learn new knowledge and apply it in everyday life.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic?

Acquiring new knowledge in class and then applying it to the real world is important.

Smartwatches have the potential to facilitate cognitive processes associated with language learning.

Exploring learning experiences is important in technology‐assisted language learning.

What this paper adds?

An understanding of how smartwatch‐supported language learning facilitates cognitive processes.

A presentation of student learning experiences in a smartwatch‐supported language learning environment.

Our study design and results might serve as a starting point in the research area of smartwatch‐supported learning.

Implications for practice or policy

The design of learning tasks requires applying newly learned knowledge to the real world and combining it with physical exercise.

To make learning experiences more successful, we need to design relevant and meaningful tasks.

The use of our proposed eight‐step approach will make learning experiences fruitful.
Political participation and basic values in Europe: Replication and extension of Vecchione et al. (2015)
Authors: Rudnev Maksim
Published: March 2021

Vecchione et al. (Br J Psychol, 106, 2015, 84) demonstrated the effects of four higher‐order values on political participation across 20 European countries. In their Study 1, they found that political participation was related to three higher‐order basic values and that these associations were stronger in more democratic countries. The present study attempted a replication using a more rigorous modelling approach. Multilevel structural equation models with latent variables for both participation and basic values replicated the main effects of Self‐Transcendence and Conservation values but demonstrated negative effects of Openness values (vs. positive in the original study) and positive effects of Self‐Enhancement values (vs. ambiguous or insignificant in the original study), while cross‐level interactions indicated weaker effects of values in more democratic countries (vs. the opposite in the original study). These discrepancies appeared mostly due to the original study’s implicit assumption that basic values’ measurement errors were zero. The new results indicated a counter‐intuitive similarity of effects of supposedly opposite values. Self‐Transcendence–Self‐Enhancement is suggested to be a politically motivating value dimension, whereas Openness to Change–Conservation is a dimension that discourages political participation regardless of the preferred extreme.
CDKN1C‐mediated growth inhibition by an EZH1/2 dual inhibitor overcomes resistance of mantle cell lymphoma to ibrutinib
Authors: Kagiyama Yuki , Fujita Shuhei , Shima Yutaka , Yamagata Kazutsune , Katsumoto Takuo , Nakagawa Makoto , Honma Daisuke , Adachi Nobuaki , Araki Kazushi , Kato Ayako , Inaki Koichiro , Ono Yoshimasa , Fukuhara Suguru , Kobayashi Yukio , Tobinai Kensei , Kitabayashi Issay
Published: April 2021

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare subtype of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is characterized by overexpression of cyclin D1. Although novel drugs, such as ibrutinib, show promising clinical outcomes, relapsed MCL often acquires drug resistance. Therefore, alternative approaches for refractory and relapsed MCL are needed. Here, we examined whether a novel inhibitor of enhancer of zeste homologs 1 and 2 (EZH1/2), OR‐S1 (a close analog of the clinical‐stage compound valemetostat), had an antitumor effect on MCL cells. In an ibrutinib‐resistant MCL patient–derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model, OR‐S1 treatment by oral administration significantly inhibited MCL tumor growth, whereas ibrutinib did not. In vitro growth assays showed that compared with an established EZH2‐specific inhibitor GSK126, OR‐S1 had a marked antitumor effect on MCL cell lines. Furthermore, comprehensive gene expression analysis was performed using OR‐S1–sensitive or insensitive MCL cell lines and showed that OR‐S1 treatment modulated B‐cell activation, differentiation, and cell cycle. In addition, we identified Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C, also known as p57, KIP2), which contributes to cell cycle arrest, as a direct target of EZH1/2 and showed that its expression influenced MCL cell proliferation. These results suggest that EZH1/2 may be a potential novel target for the treatment of aggressive ibrutinib‐resistant MCL via CDKN1C‐mediated cell cycle arrest.
Towards precision medicine for clinically non‐functioning pituitary tumours
Authors: Lenders Nèle F. , Inder Warrick J. , McCormack Ann I.
Published: March 2021

Objective

Clinically non‐functioning pituitary tumours (NFPT) are a heterogenous group of neoplasms with diverse outcomes. The purpose of this narrative review was to summarize available data on predictive factors, both in routine practice and research settings.

Design

A literature review was conducted for papers published in peer‐reviewed journals, investigating clinical, radiological, pathological and genetic predictive factors in NFPT.

Results

Several clinical and radiological factors have been associated with NFPT recurrence and/or aggressiveness, including larger size and pre‐/post‐operative growth rates. Application of transcription factor immunohistochemistry has given rise to improved subtype identification, including ‘higher‐risk’ subtypes, in routine clinical practice. Numerous other pathological and genetic biomarkers have demonstrated promise for prognostication in the research setting.

Conclusion

NFPT are a heterogenous group of tumours, characterized by diverse presentation, pathogenesis and outcomes. Ongoing refinements in understanding of tumour biology are likely to pave the way to improved integrative prognostication and precision medicine for NFPT.
Alcohol and other drug health‐care providers and their client's perceptions of e‐cigarette use, safety and harm reduction
Authors: Skelton Eliza , Guillaumier Ashleigh , Tzelepis Flora , Walsberger Scott , Paul Christine L. , Dunlop Adrian J. , Palazzi Kerrin , Bonevski Billie
Published: March 2021

Introduction

E‐cigarettes containing nicotine may potentially assist cessation in a heavily nicotine‐dependent population with high relapse and tobacco‐related burden. This study aims to determine alcohol and other drug (AOD) health‐care provider and client awareness, use and attitudes regarding harm reduction and safety of e‐cigarettes.

Methods

The study was part of a larger cluster randomised controlled trial with 32 Australian AOD services. At a post‐intervention survey conducted October 2016, health‐care providers were asked whether they believed e‐cigarettes could help smokers quit tobacco, whether they believe e‐cigarettes are safer than tobacco smoking and whether they would recommend e‐cigarettes to clients who are interested in quitting smoking. At the 6‐month follow‐up survey conducted January 2015–March 2016, AOD clients were asked about their e‐cigarette knowledge, ever use, current use, reasons for use and place of purchase.

Results

One hundred and eighty health‐care providers and 427 AOD clients responded. A minority of health‐care providers agreed with the statements that e‐cigarettes could help smokers quit tobacco (30%), while just under one‐third (25%) agreed that e‐cigarettes were safer than tobacco smoking. However, only 19% would recommend e‐cigarettes. Most AOD clients (93%) reported awareness of e‐cigarettes, 39% reported ever use; however, only 7% reported current use. Of those reporting ever use, 52% used a nicotine e‐cigarette. The most common reasons for e‐cigarette use were ‘wanted to try’ (72%) and ‘help cut down smoking’ (70%).

Discussion and Conclusions

Both AOD health‐care providers and clients are aware of e‐cigarettes but are cautious in using and recommending their use.
New Zealand roll‐your‐own smokers' reaction to novel roll‐your‐own tobacco packaging warning labels
Authors: Blank Mei‐Ling , Hoek Janet , Gendall Philip
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Although roll‐your‐own (RYO) loose tobacco is increasingly popular among smokers, no jurisdictions have used RYO‐specific pictorial warning labels (PWL) on tobacco packaging. We explored how New Zealand RYO smokers, a population with over 10 years of exposure to PWLs, reacted to RYO‐specific warnings featuring novel themes.

Methods

We conducted an online survey of 785 RYO smokers in March 2019. Eligible participants were smokers aged 18–70 years who smoked predominantly RYO cigarettes. Participants randomly viewed two of eight RYO‐specific PWLs featuring themes of health information (mouth and throat cancer), suffering (male and female), toxins, material hardship, cost, family transmission of smoking and harm to pets and answered items assessing negative emotions and perceived effectiveness.

Results

Compared to a reference health information PWL (most similar in content and tone to New Zealand's existing PWLs), only a male suffering PWL elicited both significantly stronger negative emotion and higher perceived effectiveness. No themes performed significantly worse than the health information PWL, suggesting any of the themes could be at least as effective as existing health warnings among New Zealand RYO smokers. The individual‐level factors consistently associated with negative emotion and perceived effectiveness were age, desire to quit smoking, believing quitting could reduce risk of serious disease, a quit attempt within the previous 6 months and ever‐planning to quit.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that, in the New Zealand context, a PWL emphasising male suffering could be a useful starting point for assessing RYO‐specific PWLs compared to general smoking warnings.
Εndothelial and microvascular function in CKD: Evaluation methods and associations with outcomes
Authors: Theodorakopoulou Marieta P. , Dipla Konstantina , Zafeiridis Andreas , Sarafidis Pantelis
Published: March 2021

Background

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of atherosclerosis, is suggested to be involved pathogenetically in cardiovascular and renal disease progression in these patients.

Methods

This is a narrative review presenting the techniques and markers used for assessment of microvascular and endothelial function in patients with CKD and discussing findings of the relevant studies on the associations of endothelial dysfunction with co‐morbid conditions and outcomes in this population.

Results

Venous Occlusion Plethysmography was the first method to evaluate microvascular function; subsequently, several relevant techniques have been developed and used in patients with CKD, including brachial Flow‐Mediated Dilatation, and more recently, Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis. Furthermore, several circulating biomarkers are commonly used in clinical research. Studies assessing endothelial function using the above techniques and biomarkers suggest that endothelial dysfunction occurs early in CKD and contributes to the target organ damage, cardiovascular events, death and progression towards end‐stage kidney disease.

Conclusions

Older and newer functional methods and several biomarkers have assessed endothelial dysfunction in CKD; accumulated evidence supports an association of endothelial dysfunction with outcomes. Future research with new, non‐invasive and easily applicable methods could further delineate the role of endothelial dysfunction on cardiovascular and renal disease progression in patients with CKD.
Engineering crises: Favoritism and strategic fiscal indiscipline
Authors: Saint‐Paul Gilles , Ticchi Davide , Vindigni Andrea
Published: March 2021

We develop a political economy theory of the endogenous emergence of fiscal crises based on the idea that the adjustment mechanism to a crisis favors some social groups, that may be induced ex‐ante to vote for fiscal policies that are more likely to lead to a crisis. Greater levels of favoritism lead to a higher public debt and more frequent crises, as well as to higher public expenditure, if the favored group is large enough. We provide conditions under which the favored group strategically favors a weaker state's fiscal capacity and when constitutional limits on debt raise the utility of all poor.
Evaluation of the impact of a dental trauma care program on oral health‐related quality of life of children and their families
Authors: Milani Ana Júlia , Assaf Andrea Videira , Antunes Leonardo Santos , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves
Published: March 2021

Background/Aim

A traumatic dental injury (TDI) may have physical and psychosocial consequences for children and their families, and it may impact their oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). The aim of this study was to assess the OHRQoL of children affected by TDI and their families after enrollment in the Dental Trauma Care Program (DTCP).

Methods

This longitudinal clinical study involved a consecutive sample of 2‐ to 6‐year‐old children registered in the DTCP over a period of six years. Parents/caregivers were interviewed and the OHRQoL questionnaire was completed. The Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was used before and after treatment. The Andreasen criteria were used to classify TDIs. The patients were treated (minimal intervention/invasive intervention) according to TDI severity (uncomplicated/complicated). Based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the Wilcoxon non‐parametric test was used to compare the ECOHIS total scale/subscales/domains before and after enrollment in the DTCP. The longitudinal changes were calculated using effect size measured by the Standardized Response Means (SRM). TDI severity and treatments were also evaluated.

Results

The total ECOHIS mean scores were 7.4 ± 9.2 and 0.8 ± 2.5, before and after TDI treatment (p < .001), respectively. ECOHIS scores dropped by 6.6 points after treatment, demonstrating a positive reduction in the impact on OHRQoL, as reflected by the satisfactory responsiveness of ECOHIS (0.9). The changes following treatment, independent of TDI severity and type of treatment, were significant (p < .001) in children and the family section.

Conclusions

The impact of TDI on OHRQoL reduced after the enrollment of patients and their families in the DTCP.
Attitudes and opinions towards the prevention of orofacial injuries among water polo coaches in Catalonia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Iglesias‐Porqueras Natalia , Zamora‐Olave Carla , Willaert Eva , Martinez‐Gomis Jordi
Published: March 2021

Background/Aim

Although orofacial injuries are frequent in water polo, fewer than 10% of players use mouthguards. The aim of this study was to determine the degree to which coaches and sports club managers encourage mouthguard use in water polo and to explore their opinions regarding other strategies designed to reduce the prevalence of orofacial injuries.

Material and Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study in which the coaches and sports club managers of 16 water polo clubs in Catalonia were invited to participate. An online questionnaire was administered to the coaches to obtain general data, to determine whether they had recommended mouthguard use to their players and to record their opinions on other strategies designed to reduce the prevalence of orofacial injuries. Sports club managers were interviewed about the facilities offered by their clubs for players to obtain mouthguards and about their attitudes regarding the prevention of orofacial injuries.

Results

The questionnaire was administered to 72 coaches who trained 111 teams during the 2019‐2020 season, together with 14 sports club managers. Coaches of only 11 teams (10%) recommended mouthguard use to their players. Two clubs (14%) offered some facilities to their players to obtain mouthguards. Interestingly, only 18% of the coaches believed that mouthguard use should be mandatory, in contrast to 50% of the sports club managers (p = 0.017; Fisher's exact test). Most coaches and sports club managers believe that a video monitoring system should be used to identify dangerous play and that orofacial injuries should be reported under a surveillance programme.

Conclusions

Few water polo coaches recommend mouthguard use to their players and very few clubs offer facilities to obtain custom‐made oral protection. However, most coaches and sports club managers agree that the rules should be modified to protect players from aggressive play.