bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
أسلوب الإنشاء في مطالع قصائد المعلّقات
Authors: خليف الأعرج أحمد
Published: December 2024

تهدف الدّراسة إلى تفسير مجيء جملة من الأساليب الطلبيّة في مَطْلع المعلّقات، وقد عُنيت أيضًا ببيان أثر هذه الأساليب في ذهن المتلقّي، ومدى الاستجابة الحاصلة منه، فعمدت الدّراسة إلى تعريف الأساليب الطلبيّة التي انحصرت في (الأمر، والاستفهام، والنّداء)، وحاولت التماس ما وراء ذلك وتعليله؛ فعرَّفتْ هذه الأساليب الثلاثة وبيّنَتْ أهميّتها، وسعَتْ إلى التماس الأسباب التي دَعَت هؤلاء الشعراء إليها، وحاولت إيضاح الأغراض البلاغيّة التي نتجتْ عنها، ووصلت إلى أنّ لهذه الأساليب أثرها وقوّتها في التأثير بالمتلقّي، وشدّ انتباهه، وتشنيف أسماعه، وإثارة خياله. وعمدت إلى تصنيف هذه القصائد بحسب الأساليب، فبدأت بأسلوب الأمر ووجدت أربعَ قصائد منها تنتظم فيه، ثم لاحظت أنّ أسلوب الاستفهام يأتي بالدّرجة الثانية بعد الأمر، ووقفت على ثلاث قصائد درجت عليه، وأخيرًا أسلوب النّداء الذي جاءت عليه قصيدة يتيمة.
القياس على الأكثر عند نحاة العربية وما يترتب عليه
Authors: الحاج صالح عبد الرحمن
Published: December 2024

يُكثر كلّ النّحاة العرب من القول بأنّ " الأكثر هو الّذي يقاس عليه" ولا يُقاس على الأقل. قال سيبويه: "لأنّ فُعالا في الأسماء إذا جاوز  الأفعلة إنّما يجيء عامّته على فِعْلان، فعليه تقيس على الأكثر" (1/101). وقال:" هو أظرف الفتيان وأجمله ليس بمطّرد ولا يُقاس عليه" (1/41). وقال أيضا: "ولكن الأكثر يُقاس عليه" (2/216). وقال: فهذا الأقل نوادر تحفظ عن العرب ولا يقاس عليه(2/215)، فماذا يريد سيبويه- ومن جاء بعده من النّحاة- مِن هذا الّذي يسميه " الأكثر" ولماذا يجب أن يُقاس عليه لا على الأقلّ قد يكون كثيرا فيما سمع من العرب؟
إنّ كلّ من جاء بعد سيبويه من النّحاة في العصور الأولى قد أدركوا جيّدا ما كان يقصده من ذلك. وأوّل من حاول توضيح "القياس على الأكثر" مع الحفظ للأقل الّذي قد لا يكون غيره فيما سمع من العرب، هو أبو بكر بن السّرّاج (في كتاب الأصول في النّحو (1/57)) وتبعه في ذلك تلميذه أبو عليّ الفارسي، وأفاض في هذا الموضوع بعدهما ابن جنّي.
Challenges of Implementing Merdeka Curriculum in Pancasila Education Subjects in Elementary Schools
Authors: Arjun Prasetyo  , Anam Edy Choirul , Rawanoko Endrise Septina
Published: December 2024

This study aims to identify the challenges faced by teachers in implementing Merdeka Curriculum in Pancasila Education subjects in grade 5 of Al-Islam 2 Elementary School in Jamsaren Surakarta, and formulate solutions to overcome these difficulties. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. The study population consisted of 5th grade students, with a sample of class 5A consisting of 30 students. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and literature study. The instruments used include observation sheets that contain aspects of planning, implementation, evaluation, challenges, and learning models. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that teachers experienced the main obstacle in the form of lack of time in implementing learning, which had an impact on not achieving a deep understanding of the material. In addition, student evaluation results are often not in accordance with teacher predictions, both in LOTS (Low Order Thinking Skill) and HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) questions. The proposed solutions include the implementation of more efficient learning models such as flippedclassroom and more structured Project-Based Learning, as well as the use of learning technology to speed up the evaluation process. The study suggests that teachers pay attention to more effective planning time, as well as conducting early diagnostic analysis and reflection on evaluation results to adjust future questions and teaching methods.
Ataxia triggered by phenytoin: a clinical case report
Authors: Chitti Renukaradhya , Islam Baharul , Robin George , A Hafis , R Anusha H , Gorre Venkata Nagaraju
Published: December 2024

Phenytoin is a commonly prescribed, cost-effective medication for epilepsy treatment, but it requires careful monitoring to prevent adverse effects in patients undergoing long-term therapy. Common side effects of phenytoin include abnormal muscle movements, slurred speech, ataxia, coordination difficulties, rashes, hepatotoxicity, aplastic anemia, and pancytopenia. In this case, a 30-year-old male patient, with a history of epilepsy, presented with symptoms of headache, blurred vision, and swaying while walking, with a tendency to veer to the right. He had been on regular phenytoin therapy (100 mg twice daily) for 10 years. After discontinuing phenytoin, his symptoms resolved, highlighting the need for regular monitoring of patients on long-term phenytoin therapy to detect and manage potential adverse effects.
Pelayanan Yesus Sebagai Model Misi Gereja dan Implementasinya Bagi Pelayanan di Jemaat GMIBM Imanuel Sinindian
Authors: Sumual Yohanes Triputra
Published: December 2024

Allah di dalam Yesus Kristus mengutus gereja untuk melanjutkan misi-Nya yaitu menghadirkan damai sejahtera di dunia. Sebagaimana firman Tuhan dalam 1 Korintus 3:11, maka Yesus menjadi dasar bagi Gereja, artinya segala aktivitas gereja dilakukan berdasarkan keteladanan yang Yesus berikan selama pelayanan-Nya di dunia.. Maka skripsi ini membahas tentang bagaimana gereja mewujudkan maksud kehadirannya melalui melakukan misinya berdasarkan pola pelayanan Yesus. Sehingga tujuan dari skripsi ini supaya gereja dan pelayan-pelayan Tuhan memahami dan berupaya mengimplementasikan misi gereja yang bertolak dari Yesus sang kepala gereja. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan agar pelayan-pelayan Tuhan yang ada lebih sadar akan tugasnya, diperlengkapi dan diedukasi melalui pembinaan, penyuluhan, atau pelatihan-pelatihan yang berkaitan dengan misi agar pemahaman yang dimiliki lebih luas.
Kajian Etis Teologis Terhadap Remaja yang Melakukan Pernikahan Dini
Authors: Lumi Altje , Kawengian Elsadai Sofiana
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yang lebih luas mengenai pernikahan yang merupakan pemberian Allah sehingga fenomena pernikahan dini di kalangan remaja dapat dihindari. Perlu diketahui bahwa anak remaja adalah masa-masa mereka beranjak dari kanak-kanak ke dewasa sehingga diperlukan juga bimbingan dari orang Tua, karena orang tualah yang menjadi guru dalam kehidupan seorang anak  sehingga dia bisa memahami mana yang seharusnya dilakukan. Penulis menggunakan penelitian dan pendekatan kualitatif agar menghasilkan data berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang- orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati. Dalam mengumpulkan data, penulis juga melakukan teknik wawancara dengan pertanyaan yang telah disusun agar mendapatkan pendapat tersendiri dari para responden. Penulis mengadakan observasi, untuk mengamati hal-hal yang penting yang berhubungan dengan pokok penelitian atau pengamatan tentang keadaan-keadaan yang terjadi di lokasi penelitian.
Dampak Dana Spontan Terhadap Persekutuan Ibadah di Jemaat GMIM Eben Haezer Pahaleten Wilayah Kakas Satu
Authors: Maindoka Brela Agnesia , Sarimbangun Ramli
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis secara mendalam mengenai dampak dana spontan terhadap persekutuan ibadah di Jemaat GMIM Eben Haezer Pahaleten Wilayah Kakas Satu. Masalah yang timbul berkaitan dengan dana spontan ini, di mana pengambilannya sudah tidak seperti awal pembentukannya sehingga membuat jemaat merasa risih akan adanya perilaku ini.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk memecahkan persoalan tersebut adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan tahapan pengumpulan eksplorasi kepustakaan yang teruji secara ilmiah seperti buku dan jurnal, tanpa mengabaikan data lapangan. jika pelaksanaan dana spontan ini dilakukan dengan cara yang baik maka akan memiliki dampak yang baik, sebaliknya jika diambil dengan cara yang kurang tepat maka akan menimbulkan dampak yang tidak baik. Tulisan ini diakhiri dengan kesimpulan yang berisi tentang tercapainya tujuan penelitian.
Kajian Misiologi Terhadap Peran Gereja Memberikan Pemahaman Tentang Pekerjaan di GMIM Maranatha Likupang I
Authors: Tompodung Brigita Gabriela , Ratag Linda Patricia
Published: December 2024

Bekerja adalah perintah Allah sejak manusia pertama, diciptakan. Menurut Alkitab Allah yang menciptakan manusia segambar dengan diriNya adalah Allah yang bekerja. Bekerja memang hal yang mulia, akan tetapi masih banyak di kalangan orang yang percaya salah dalam menetapkan hari untuk bekerja, karena pekerjaan lebih penting bagi kehidupan dari pada ibadah. Oleh karena itu orang Kristen masih ada yang salah menggunakan dimana hari untuk bekerja dan dimana hari untuk istirahat dalam arti istirahat mencari Tuhan dan memuliakan Tuhan dengan cara pergi beribadah. Dalam skripsi ini akan diuraikan tentang kajian Misiologi terhadap peran gereja dalam memberikan pemahaman tentang pekerjaa bagi jemaat di GMIM Maranatha Likupang 1 wilayah Likupang.
Diplomacy and Treaty Governance by Indonesia as Norm-Shaping Practices to Align National Interests of Indonesia
Authors: Ifdal Abdurrahman Al-Fatih
Published: December 2024

Treaty governance in Indonesia is central to both the promotion of rule of law through diplomacy and the advancement of predictability in international relations, particularly through diplomacy conducted by Indonesia. By integrating domestic treaty governance with international legal standards, Indonesia enhances global legal stability and certainty. This approach highlights Indonesia’s commitment to maintaining legal principles, reinforcing its role as a key player in global diplomacy and international governance. This article hopes to thoroughly research on the practices considered norm-shaping as seen through Indonesia’s diplomacy and treaty governance laws, with a particular focus on the Minister of Foreign Affairs Regulation No. 4 of 2023 on the Governance of International Treaty Documents and other related regulations. In addition, this article seeks to identify the key norms regulating treaty governance in Indonesia as further established through Indonesia’s engagements in the international community. This article argues that treaty governance should not merely be seen as a monitoring mechanism but as a tool for shaping norms, promoting predictability in alignment with Indonesia’s national interests. This article then proposes a takeaway for Indonesia to identify its national laws in order to explicitly locate the treaty governance norms, in which Indonesia’s diplomacy must refer to. This strategic approach allows Indonesia to promote consistency and legal certainty globally while aligning international norms with its domestic priorities.
Uğur ÖZTÜRK, Osmanlı Dünyasında Himaye İlişkileri Ve Yazılı Kültür, Sultan III. Murâd Devri (1575-1595)
Authors: Gümüş Ahmet Kemal
Published: December 2024

Uğur Öztürk'ün "Osmanlı Dünyasında Himaye İlişkileri Ve Yazılı Kültür, Sultan III. Murâd Devri (1575-1595)" adlı kitabının incelemesidir.
15. YÜZYIL ŞAİRİ NİZÂMÎ'NİN -UÑ REDİFLİ GAZELİNE YAZILAN NAZİRELER ÜZERİNE BAZI TESPİTLER
Authors: Saygılı Damla
Published: December 2024

Nazire, acemi şairler için klasik Türk şiiri geleneğini öğrendikleri bir okul; yetkin şairler içinse hem şairlik yeteneklerini sergiledikleri hem de nazireleştikleri şairlere dostluklarını sundukları bir platform olmuştur. Klasik Türk şiirinde çeşitli nazım şekillerinde nazireler yazılmış olmasına rağmen bunların arasında gazel nazım şekli oldukça rağbet görmüştür. Gazel nazım şekliyle kaleme alınan nazirelerde, istisnalar olmak kaydıyla, şairler model şiirin vezin, kafiye ve redifine bağlı kalarak model şiiri taklit etmişlerdir. Bazı nazireler, şiir geleneği içinde popülerleşerek "nazire ağı" adı verilen yapıyı meydana getirmişlerdir. Péri (2020) tarafından geliştirilen nazire ağı teorisi sağladığı şiirsel bağlam ile şiirlerin hem içerik hem de üslup bakımından benzerliklerinin ve farklılıklarının bütüncül bir şekilde incelenmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Edirneli Nazmî’nin 16. yüzyılda derlediği Mecma’u’n-Nezâ’ir adlı eserinde -uñ redifi etrafında oluşan otuz şiirlik nazire ağı ile söz konusu nazire ağıyla aynı vezin, kafiye ve redifle 18. yüzyılda yazılan iki gazel incelenecektir. Vehbî ve Mirzazâde Sâlim’e ait olan bu iki gazel, İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi Türkçe Yazma Eserler Koleksiyonu 3523 numarada kayıtlı şiir mecmuasında yer almaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 18. yüzyılda yazılan iki gazel ile 16. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan nazire ağı arasında metinler arası ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İki asır boyunca devam eden nazire ağı klasik Türk geleneği içinde bir gelenek hâline gelmiştir. Nazire ağının anlam dünyasına mahsus motifler, anahtar kelimeler, tamlamalar ve kafiye kelimeleri Vehbî ve Mirzazâde Sâlim'in iki gazelinde mevcuttur.
Investment Strategy In Capital Market (2024)
Authors: Tamara Agina
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to find out the benefits of people's decisions in choosing the right investment in the capital market. Investor uses strategy and a certain technique to analyze different situation and condition happened between one and other exchange companies. The strategy is developed based on experiences, research result, analysis, and market surveys in a certain period. Articel is the first part of three series which presents, evaluate, examine of the strategy, and consider tactics in sharing share on the market. It is concluded that the investor should use money as loan that should be payed as soon as possible for the sake of its interests. This research is quantitative research. The main data source for this research comes from research questionnaires that have been filled out by respondents. Apart from that, data was also obtained from literature studies and documentation related to this research. By knowing investment strategies in the capital market, the results can determine what strategies are good and appropriate for investing in the capital market.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Preeklamsi Pada Kehamilan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Kelingi Tahun 2024
Authors: Perawati Perawati , Sari Lezi Yovita , sari Liya Lugita
Published: December 2024

Based on the Census Survey in 2015, the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia was 305 per 100,000 live births. Meanwhile, the projected neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rate based on the 2017 IDHS is 15 per 1000 live births. The target neonatal mortality rate at the IDHS in 2024 is 11.1% and the SDGs target in 2030 is 8.6% (Ministry of Health, 2019). according to Commission IX of the House of Representatives in South Sumatra, the number of maternal deaths in 2022 was 97 people, down from 131 people in 2021. For the number of infant deaths in 2022 there are 497 people or down from 2021 as many as 502 people. this study uses descriptive analytic research design with a cross sectional approach. The method that will be carried out by researchers is quantitative. The relationship between these variables is determined based on statistical tests using the Cross Sectional method. The results showed that there was a relationship between maternal age and the incidence of preeclampsia (p-value = 0.004; there was a relationship between parity and the incidence of preeclampsia (p-value = 0.000, there was no relationship between gameli and the incidence of preeclampsia (p-value = 0.122). It is hoped that the Muara Kelingi Community Health Centre can improve the ability of health workers and the quality of midwifery services in reducing the incidence of eclampsia, especially in mothers with age during pregnancy, parity, gameli, gestational age at high risk of preeclampsia should be closely monitored protein levels and blood pressure so that complications do not occur.
Learning opportunities offered by a classical calculus textbook
Authors: Randahl Mira , Grevholm Barbro
Published: December 2024

In this paper we present results of an analysis of what the textbook used by the first year engineering students offers the students, when they take a basic calculus course. The aim of this analysis is to examine as an entirety what students are offered by the book to learn about the concept of derivative. The results show that the presentation of the concept is formal and depends on students’ previous knowledge. The treatment of the concept emphasises procedural knowledge. It is not easy for students using the book to make connections between conceptual and procedural knowledge of the concept of derivative.
Understanding and solving multistep arithmetic word problems
Authors: Nortvedt Guri A.
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the findings of a study in which the interplay between reading, numeracy, and strategies for working on multistep arithmetic word problems was researched through two approaches. The first approach involved analysing results on national tests in reading and numeracy for a representative sample of 1,264 grade 8 (13-years-old) students. A scale of ten multistep arithmetic word problems was identified in the numeracy test. Proficiency in reading explained 44 % of the variance in scores on this scale, indicating a positive relationship between reading comprehension and success in word problem solving. The second approach involved analysing verbal protocol data for 19 grade 8 students who worked on a collection of multistep arithmetic word problems. Protocols consisted of both independent and scaffolded work. Interpretive analysis of student work on one of the eight word problems given in the protocol sessions revealed three main areas of difficulties: representing quantities in the word problem text, retrieving number facts from memory, and performing basic operations. Difficulties within more than one area were frequent. To students with below-average numeracy skills, executing the basic operations was the main obstacle for this particular word problem.
Different views – some Swedish mathematics students’ concept images of the function concept
Authors: Viirman Olov , Attorps Iiris , Tossavainen Timo
Published: December 2024

This study analyses what kind of concept images a group of engineering and teacher students have of the function concept, and how these concept images are related to the historical development of this concept. The study was conducted using questionnaires, and 34 students at a Swedish university participated. It is found that the students primarily rely on operational conceptions of the function concept, with only a minority of students possessing structural conceptions. The definitions given by the students mostly resemble an 18th or 19th century view of functions. The study also indicates that the character of the definitions given in the textbooks used by the students affect their concept images.
Belief research in mathematics education
Authors: Editors The
Published: December 2024

Ledare / Editorial
News from Nordic mathematics education
Authors: Rønning Frode
Published: December 2024

... it is time to present some of what has happened in our part of the world recently ...
Mathematics education PhD summer school 2011
Authors: Goodchild Simon
Published: December 2024

A small PhD summer school was arranged in Tallinn, Estonia, during the third week in August ...
Comparing perceptions of mathematics: Norwegian and Finnish university students‘ definitions of mathematics
Authors: Vähämaa Miika , Härmälä Kennet
Published: December 2024

The article presents a comparison between Norwegian and Finnish university students’ perceptions of what mathematics is. To carry out the comparison, a mix of qualitative - the creation of abstract and concrete categories for mathematics representations - and quantitative (regression modeling) methods was used in the study. The main result of the study is that Norwegian students were more homogenous in their responses and the vast majority perceived mathematics in concrete terms. The Finnish students, on the contrary, showed greater variety in their responses. There are not many comparative studies among Nordic countries regarding students’ perceptions of mathematics. Therefore this study contributes to improving our knowledge about the possible differences and similarities on students’ perceptions of mathematics among Nordic students. A total of 239 students were asked how they perceive mathematics, numbers and personal applicability of mathematics via an open questionnaire. We propose that the divergent perceptions of mathematics stem from different types of communication cultures that surround mathematics. The argument is made that perceptions of mathematics should be treated as a type of mathematical knowledge that is valuable whenever mathematics is communicated.
Using strands of tasks to promote growth of students’ mathematical understanding
Authors: Francisco John , Gjone Gunnar
Published: December 2024

This article reports on the mathematical activity of a group of five high school students (15–16 year olds) who worked together on a series of challenging task in combinatorics and probability. The students were participants in an after-school, classroom-based, longitudinal research on students’ development of mathematical ideas and different forms of reasoning in several mathematical content strands. The purpose of the article is to contribute insights into how to promote growth of students’ mathematical understanding through problem-solving activities. In particular, the article shows that problem-solving activities involving strands of challenging tasks have the potential to promote growth of students’ mathematical understanding by providing opportunities for students to engage in reasoning by isomorphism. This is a type of reasoning whereby students rely on structural similarities, i.e., isomorphism among mathematical tasks to solve or deepen their understanding of the tasks. Implications for classroom teaching, and environmental conditions that promote reasoning by isomorphism are also discussed.
Innovative approaches to teaching mathematics in higher education: a review and critique
Authors: Abdulwahed Mahmoud , Jaworski Barbara , Crawford Adam
Published: December 2024

This paper provides a snapshot of emerging trends in mathematics teaching in higher education for STEM subjects (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). Overwhelmingly, papers identify a focus on conceptual understandings of mathematics in comparison to understanding that is instrumental or procedural. Calls for reform of mathematics teaching have been the basis for a range of studies; responses to these calls have embraced innovative methods for implementing changes in learning and teaching of mathematics, sometimes rooted in constructivist ideology. Observed trends have been categorised in six groups. In many studies, technology is being used as an enabler of reforms. Constraints to implementing new approaches in mathematics teaching are indicated. Discussion of contemporary research questions that could be asked as a result of the shift towards teaching mathematics in innovative ways is provided and is followed by a critique of the underlying theoretical positions, essentially that of constructivism.
Dialogue between past and future mathematical identities
Authors: Lutovac Sonja , Kaasila Raimo
Published: December 2024

Pre-service teachers’ school-time experiences have been addressed much in mathematics education research. These experiences have been shown to have a central meaning for pre-service teachers’ views of mathematics and their present mathematical identities. However, the identity is not only bound to the past and present, but it also extends to the future. Further, pre-service teachers’ anticipations of the future have been overlooked in the research on identity in a mathematics education context. We focus here on the mathematical identity work of two pre-service teachers and its dialogue between the past and the future. We compare the cases of one Finnish and one Slovenian pre-service teacher, who reported having had negative experiences with mathematics during their school years. Based on the results, two different types of mathematical identity work were identified; resulting from the different facilitators used in mathematics education courses.
Student teachers’ work on instructional explanations in multiplication – representations and conversions between them
Authors: Valenta Anita , Enge Ole
Published: December 2024

In this study we are analysing student teachers’ instructional explanations. The study is based on student teachers’ written work on two different tasks about different strategies and properties in multiplication and explaining these. Our research questions concern the type of representation registers student teachers use in their explanations. In explanations where several representation registers are used, we analyse what can be challenges in conversions between representations. Data is analysed using the framework of Duval’s cognitive analysis, and analyses and discussions are related to development of mathematical knowledge for teaching.
Att ändra arbetssätt och kultur inom den inledande aritmetikundervisningen
Authors: Neuman Dagmar
Published: December 2024

Utgående från den holistiska kunskapssyn som representerar fenomenologin och den fenomenografiska forskningsansatsen diskuterar jag i den här artikeln observationer redovisade i min nu drygt tjugosex år gamla avhandling, i boken Räknefärdighetens rötter samt i en senare studie av hur barn dividerar. Observationerna gäller dels elever som deltar i specialundervisning i matematik i grundskolan, samt elever i gymnasieskolan som anser sig lida av matematiksvårigheter 1, och dels skolnybörjare som ännu inte har undervisats i matematik. De visar
–  att det som främst tycks förorsaka grava eller specifika matematiksvårigheter är att eleverna saknar talföreställningar samt förståelse för sambandet mellan de fyra räknesätten
–  att sådana begrepp och föreställningar knappast utvecklas genom skolans tabellträning
– attmångabarnintuitivtbörjarutvecklatalföreställningarföreskolstarten,samtidigt med att de formar konkreta representationer som blir till abstrakta föreställningar om tal.
Avslutningsvis ställer jag frågan: skulle den stora andel elever som nu lämnar grundskolan utan godkänt betyg i matematik möjligen kunna reduceras genom ett paradigmskifte inom den kultur som styr hur den grundläggande aritmetiken behandlas under de första skolåren?
Barns bruk av digitale verktøy i barnehagen: muligheter for å gjøre seg matematiske erfaringer
Authors: Carlsen Martin
Published: December 2024

Denne artikkelen har som mål å studere hvordan barnehagebarn gjør seg matematiske erfaringer gjennom å bruke digitale verktøy. Ved å ta et sosiokulturelt perspektiv på læring og utvikling studeres den sosiale interaksjonen mellom barn og voksne når disse diskuterer og samhandler med ulike digitale verktøy. Analysene av transkriberte dialoger i to grupper, hver bestående av en voksen og to barn, gir innblikk i det matematiske læringspotensialet som oppstår når barna interagerer med de digitale verktøyene. Dette læringspotensialet knytter seg til de matematiske begrepene telling og tallsymbol, deriblant matematiskteoretiske komponenter som sortering, subitizing, parkobling og kardinalprinsipp. Samtidig viser analysen at interaksjonen med de digitale verktøyene har potensiale til å gi ytterligere næring til approprieringsprosessen av de implisitte matematiske begrepene som finnes i applikasjonene.
Exploring the mathematical knowledge of prospective elementary teachers in Iceland using the MKT measures
Authors: Jóhannsdóttir Björg , Gísladóttir Berglind
Published: December 2024

This article reports findings from a study carried out with prospective teachers at the University of Iceland. The study explores the mathematical content knowledge of participants, with a special focus on the understanding of numbers, operations, patterns, functions, and algebra. The mathematical knowledge is measured with interviews and a survey, translated and adapted from the MKT measures designed by Ball and the research team at the University of Michigan. The findings indicate that prospective teachers’ knowledge is procedural and related to the ”standard algorithms” they learned and used in elementary school. Findings also indicate that prospective teachers have difficulty evaluating alternative solution methods, and working with and understanding fractions.
Norwegian prospective teachers’ MKT when interpreting pupils’ productions on a fraction task
Authors: Jakobsen Arne , Ribeiro C. Miguel , Mellone Maria
Published: December 2024

This paper focuses on Norwegian prospective primary teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) when interpreting and making sense of pupils’ answers. We named such knowledge interpretative knowledge and we consider it to be linked with common content knowledge and specialized content knowledge. In order to deepen these links and to access and develop such knowledge in prospective teachers, we designed a suitable set of tasks on a problem concerning fractions in order to investigate this particular kind of knowledge and clarify its features and dimensions. The results reveal the importance of developing such types of knowledge as a basis for teachers to effectively make sense and interpret pupils’ productions and to make it possible to provide effective and meaningful feedback.
The teaching of mathematical knowledge for teaching – a learning study of primary school teacher education
Authors: Bommel Jorryt van
Published: December 2024

A group of Swedish teacher educators conducted a learning study in order to identify critical features concerning the teaching and learning of Mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). Three seminars and 300 tests were analysed using variation theory revealing four critical features to take into account in teaching student teachers in mathematics education: namely their need to i) formulate proper goals for a lesson, ii) outline the lesson plan in detail, iii) shift perspective from the role of being a teacher to being a mathematics teacher, and iv) understand the underlying mathematics of the lesson topic at hand. Thus, these are the four features of importance to the learning and teaching of MKT.
School mathematical practices as experiences of identity work: the learning journeys of three students
Authors: Röj-Lindberg Ann-Sofi
Published: December 2024

This paper illuminates, through stories, how three students’ school mathematical practices accumulate over the years into descriptions of identity in relation to school mathematics. The stories are based on semi-structured interviews with students who were successful during lower secondary school from the perspective of their mathematics teachers’ reform objectives and according to formal assessments. There was not, however, parallel successes in their personal identifications with the school mathematical enterprise as a whole. The study shows that, from the perspective of the student taking part in school mathematical practices, a sense of belonging to learning communities considered as legitimate is of uttermost importance.
Past and current approaches to decimal numbers in Dutch primary school mathematics textbooks
Authors: Zanten Marc van , Heuvel-Panhuizen Marja van den
Published: December 2024

In the Netherlands, most contemporary textbook series for primary school mathematics education are influenced by the so-called Realistic mathematics education (RME) reform. This reform dates back to the 1970s. In the study described in this paper we investigated what this reform means for the approach to decimal numbers. We analyzed how this content domain is treated in a contemporary RME-oriented textbook series and two pre-RME textbook series. Our study revealed that most, although not all, of the RME characteristics included in our analysis framework were found to be present in the researched contemporary RME-oriented textbook The world in numbers (2009). Furthermore, it was found that onsets of several RME characteristics were already present in the two older textbooks, New arithmetic (1958) and Functional arithmetic, (1969) that date from before the RME reform started.
Comparison of three textbooks published for 8th grade in Iceland
Authors: Halldórsdóttir Rannveig
Published: December 2024

This study compares characteristics of three Icelandic mathematics textbooks for grade 8, used over a period of 25 years. The textbooks’ structure, content, attitudes to mathematics and mathematical competences were compared and portrayed in the light of official curricula. The purpose of the study is to investigate through the focal point of textbooks the implementation of new curricular policy including new topics as well as mathematical competences and attitudes to mathematics. Our findings show that the textbooks differ considerably with respect to the characteristics studied. The objectives of mathematics formulated in the national curriculum are reflected to a great extent in the most recent textbook Átta – tíu, but the widely used translated textbook, Almenn stærðfræði I, deviates in important ways from the curriculum and much more than the Talnaspegill/Hornalína books that only stayed in use for a short while.
News from Nordic mathematics education
Authors: Andresen Mette
Published: December 2024

In this issue of Nomad, the NoRME column reports on some activities within the field of mathematics education research in the Nordic region ...
Linguistic features and their function in different mathematical content areas in TIMSS 2011
Authors: Bergvall Ida , Wiksten Folkeryd Jenny , Liberg Caroline
Published: December 2024

This study investigates how written language is used as a resource to express meaning in different mathematical content areas; algebra, geometry, statistics and arithmetic, in the Swedish version of TIMSS 2011. Based on previous research we identify linguistic features that fulfill the function of expressing four central meaning dimensions of written academic language in general and in language used in school mathematics in particular; Packing, Precision, Personification and Presentation of information. These four meaning dimensions constitute the foundation for the analysis. The results show differences in how the language is used within the different mathematical content areas in TIMSS 2011. These differences consist primarily of to what extent the language is subject specific and used to express the specific mathematics in each of the four content areas. In this way the notion of a single mathematical language is also challenged.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial The
Published: December 2024

Ledare / Editorial
Attitudes towards mathematics as a subject, and mathematics learning and instruction in a transdisciplinary engineering study
Authors: Triantafyllou Evangelia , Misfeldt Morten , Timcenko Olga
Published: December 2024

This article explores student attitudes and preferences in learning and teaching of mathematics in engineering studies that transcend the division between technical, scientific and artistic disciplines. For observing such attitudes, we have developed a model that relates the attitude towards mathematics as a subject with the attitude towards mathematics learning and instruction. Data comes from a study at the Media technology educational program of Aalborg university. The study used attitude and preference questionnaires, and observations and interviews with students. The results show that media technology students are not confident in mathematics and consider mathematics to be a difficult subject. Nevertheless, they recognize the importance of mathematics both in their studies and in general. Moreover, students favour learning on their own or together with their peers over learning supported by a teacher. We propose that these findings inspire reforming mathematical education for such engineering students.
Lærerarbeidets matematiske undervisningsoppgaver
Authors: Fauskanger Janne , Mosvold Reidar
Published: December 2024

Denne artikkelen bidrar til studier og begrepsfesting av det profesjonelle lærerarbeidet i matematikk ved å analysere diskusjoner mellom erfarne matematikklærere. Gjennom slike analyser forsøker vi å komme nærmere et svar på hvilke matematiske undervisningsoppgaver de fremhever som sentrale i sitt lærerarbeid. Utgangspunktet for diskusjonene er en liste med sentrale matematiske undervisningsoppgaver presentert i forskningslitteraturen. Resultatene viser at de erfarne lærerne mener at: 1) listen over matematiske undervisningsoppgaver trenger finpuss og presisering, 2) listen må omstruktureres, og 3) listen mangler matematiske undervisningsoppgaver som er viktige i en norsk kontekst. Vi konkluderer med at studier av erfarne læreres syn på hva som er sentrale matematiske undervisningsoppgaver for matematikklærere kan bidra til videreutvikling av den praksisbaserte teorien om undervisningskunnskap i matematikk.
Young children exploring probability – with focus on their documentations
Authors: Bommel Jorryt van , Palmér Hanna
Published: December 2024

This article reports on an intervention where possibilities and limitations with problem-solving as a basis for mathematics education in pre-school class were studied. In the article we explore how 50 children use non-guided documentation when working with a problem-solving task about probability. The results show that the task was possible to work with for these young children, and in the follow-up interviews many of the children seemed familiar with the mathematical concepts used, as well as with a relevant sample space. The children’s non-guided documentation showed a diversity of strategies and contributed positively to their exploration of probability, both during the lesson and in the final discussions.
Overview of AI regulation in healthcare: A comparative study of the EU and South Africa
Authors: Naidoo T
Published: December 2024

This article provides a comparative analysis of the regulatory landscapes governing artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare in the European Union (EU) and South Africa (SA). It critically examines the approaches, frameworks and mechanisms each jurisdiction employs to balance innovation with ethical considerations, patient safety, data privacy and accountability. The EU’s proactive stance, embodied by the AI Act, offers a structured and risk-based categorisation for AI applications, emphasising stringent guidelines for risk management, data governance and human oversight. In contrast, SA’s regulatory environment is characterised by its infancy and lack of specificity, with existing legislation such as the National Health Act and the Medicines and Related Substances Act providing a foundational but limited framework for addressing the unique challenges posed by AI in healthcare. The article delves into the dynamic nature of AI technologies, highlighting the need for continuous risk assessment, the importance of transparent and responsible data governance and the critical role of human oversight in ensuring patient safety and autonomy. It discusses the obligation of clear liability frameworks to address potential malfunctions and security breaches in AI applications. Through this comparative lens, the manuscript identifies regulatory gaps and proposes that the South African Law Reform Commission (SALRC) should play a predominant role in developing draft legislation for AI prior to the evolution of challenges related to these technologies.
Clicks, carelessness and consequences: Navigating pharmacist negligence
Authors: Khan M S , Gardner J B
Published: December 2024

The legal framework governing claims of medical negligence is extensively documented within South African (SA) jurisprudence, with a predominant focus on the liability of medical practitioners. In contrast, the liability of pharmacists has received comparatively scant attention. This issue was recently highlighted by a case in which a woman from the Western Cape initiated legal action against Clicks, a leading health, beauty and wellness retailer and SA’s largest retail pharmacy chain, alleging that the provision of incorrect medication nearly cost her life. At the time of writing, the case has yet to advance to trial. This article explores the legal and ethical dimensions of medical negligence attributed to pharmacists within the context of their professional duties. Additionally, it investigates how similar cases are adjudicated in foreign jurisdictions, with a specific focus on the US.
When a device that later disintegrates is fitted to a patient during surgery, who is responsible for the consequences? What health professionals and hospitals need to know
Authors: McQuoid-Mason D , Khumalo T L
Published: December 2024

Consider the following hypothetical scenario: A patient suffering constant abdominal pain is referred to State Hospital A from her local clinic after not responding to simple analgesics for chronic pelvic pain associated with irregular menstruation. The doctors at State Hospital A discover that she has a suspicion of adenomyosis. She gives written informed consent for a hysterectomy. During routine postoperative check-ups she reports no alleviation of the pelvic pain, urinary frequency along with burning on micturition and a persistent vaginal discharge. Preoperatively, she was not told that the surgeons had inserted a surgical mesh to prevent vault prolapse. She is given antibiotics and further simple analgesia. As her symptoms do not improve she self-refers to State Hospital B. She is informed that she needs a CAT scan. However, the hospital’s scanner has been out of order for three years. She is advised to go to State Hospital C, where the scanner works, but is not given a referral note. She is told by Hospital C that the doctors are too busy to see her, and as she does not have an appointment, and is not an emergency case she should go back to Hospital A. She does not want to go back to Hospital A, as during her last visit there, nursing staff accused her of being a nuisance and escorted her off the premises. She approaches Private Hospital D, where her abdomen and pelvis are scanned. The scan shows the surgical mesh inside her pelvis which had disintegrated. She is told that it is too risky to remove all the fragments, but that some could be removed at a cost - which she could not afford. The surgeon refers her back to State Hospital A with a referral note and copy of the CAT scan report.
Cyberattack on the National Health Laboratory Service of South Africa – implications, response and recommendations
Authors: Cassim S , Chapanduka Z C
Published: December 2024

Cybersecurity is now an integral consideration in the management of healthcare institutions in this modern technological era. Cyberattacks primarily targeting healthcare institutions have increased exponentially. Recently, the information technology systems of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) of South Africa (SA) were targeted by cyberterrorists using disruptive ransomware. As a result, all files on the affected computers and servers became inaccessible, thus affecting all NHLS operations. We share our experience of this cyberattack from the department of haematological pathology at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, SA. We outline the negative impact on the NHLS and the immediate response, and make future recommendations, including a draft of a business continuity plan.
The synergistic health syndemic of HIV and cancer of the cervix in women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: Decrying the dearth of information
Authors: Sibeko S , Sebitloane M , Moyo S
Published: December 2024

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Xist RNA binds select autosomal genes and depends on Repeat B to regulate their expression
Authors: Yao Shengze , Jeon Yesu , Kesner Barry , Lee Jeannie T
Published: December 2024

Xist, a pivotal player in X chromosome inactivation (XCI), has long been perceived as a cis-acting long noncoding RNA that binds exclusively to the inactive X chromosome (Xi). However, Xist’s ability to diffuse under select circumstances has also been documented, leading us to suspect that Xist RNA may have targets and functions beyond the Xi. Here, using female mouse embryonic stem cells (ES) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) as models, we demonstrate that Xist RNA indeed can localize beyond the Xi. However, its binding is limited to ∼100 genes in cells undergoing XCI (ES cells) and in post-XCI cells (MEFs). The target genes are diverse in function but are unified by their active chromatin status. Xist binds discretely to promoters of target genes in neighborhoods relatively depleted for Polycomb marks, contrasting with the broad, Polycomb-enriched domains reported for human XIST RNA. We find that Xist binding is associated with down-modulation of autosomal gene expression. However, unlike on the Xi, Xist binding does not lead to full silencing and also does not spread beyond the target gene. Over-expressing Xist in transgenic ES cells similarly leads to autosomal gene suppression, while deleting Xist’s Repeat B motif reduces autosomal binding and perturbs autosomal down-regulation. Furthermore, treating female ES cells with the Xist inhibitor, X1, leads to loss of autosomal suppression. Altogether, our findings reveal that Xist targets ∼100 genes beyond the Xi, identify Repeat B as a crucial domain for its in-trans function in mice, and indicate that autosomal targeting can be disrupted by a small molecule inhibitor.
Surprising Features of Nuclear Receptor Interaction Networks Revealed by Live Cell Single Molecule Imaging
Authors: Dahal Liza , Graham Thomas GW , Dailey Gina M , Heckert Alec , Tjian Robert , Darzacq Xavier
Published: December 2024

Type 2 Nuclear Receptors (T2NRs) require heterodimerization with a common partner, the Retinoid X Receptor (RXR), to bind cognate DNA recognition sites in chromatin. Based on previous biochemical and over-expression studies, binding of T2NRs to chromatin is proposed to be regulated by competition for a limiting pool of the core RXR subunit. However, this mechanism has not yet been tested for endogenous proteins in live cells. Using single molecule tracking (SMT) and proximity-assisted photoactivation (PAPA), we monitored interactions between endogenously tagged retinoid X receptor (RXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in live cells. Unexpectedly, we find that higher expression of RAR, but not RXR increases heterodimerization and chromatin binding in U2OS cells. This surprising finding indicates the limiting factor is not RXR but likely its cadre of obligate dimer binding partners. SMT and PAPA thus provide a direct way to probe which components are functionally limiting within a complex TF interaction network providing new insights into mechanisms of gene regulation in vivo with implications for drug development targeting nuclear receptors.