bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal–mediastinal communication complication in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Sy‐Go Janina Paula T. , Androga Lagu A. , Saini Jaskaran S. , Qureshi Fawad , Kattah Andrea G.
Published: August 2021

Peritoneal–mediastinal communication is a rare complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). We report the first case of peritoneal–mediastinal communication complication in a 36‐year‐old Caucasian man on continuous cycler peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) after undergoing cardiac surgery. He developed end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) due to calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity and BK virus nephropathy in the setting of prior heart transplantation. He was initially started on intermittent hemodialysis (iHD) and was switched to CCPD 1 year later. He presented with increased drainage from his sternal incision site and reduced ultrafiltration. A contrast‐enhanced chest computed tomography scan revealed an anterior chest wall subcutaneous fluid collection. He was found to have a peritoneal–mediastinal communication intraoperatively. He was successfully managed with “low‐volume” PD by using reduced fill volumes for all his exchanges and did not require transition to iHD. He also had no vascular access options because of multiple prior thromboses, which would have made transitioning to iHD not feasible. This case further highlights the complex management of an ESKD patient who cannot do iHD and only do low‐volume PD because of a surgical complication and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to ensure appropriate patient care.
Estimating changes in physical behavior during lockdowns using accelerometry‐based simulations in a large UK cohort
Authors: Speirs Craig , Granat Malcolm , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Hamer Mark
Published: August 2021

To contain the recent COVID‐19 outbreak, restrictions have been imposed, which has limited outdoor activity. These physical behavior changes can have serious health implications, but there is little objective information quantifying these changes. This study aimed to estimate the change in physical behavior levels during full lockdown conditions using objective data collected from a thigh‐worn activity monitor. Data used were from 6492 individuals in the 1970 British Cohort Study, collected between 2016 and 2018. Using walking bout characteristics, days were classified as either "indoor only" (n = 861), "indoor and exercise" (n = 167), and "outdoor active" (n = 31 934). When compared to "outdoor active" days, “indoor only” days had 6590 fewer steps per day (2320 vs 8876, p < 0.001), a longer sedentary time (1.5 h, p < 0.001), longer lying time (1.4 h, p < 0.001) and shorter standing (1.9 h, p < 0.001) and stepping (1.3 h, p < 0.001) times. The "indoor and exercise" days had a smaller number of steps compared to "outdoor active" (7932 vs 8876, p < 0.05). There is a strong relationship between reduced daily stepping, and increased sedentary time, with a range of poor health outcomes. This has important implications for public health policy and messaging during pandemics.
Disabled people in Britain and the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shakespeare Tom , Watson Nicholas , Brunner Richard , Cullingworth Jane , Hameed Shaffa , Scherer Nathaniel , Pearson Charlotte , Reichenberger Veronika
Published: August 2021

This paper reports on in‐depth qualitative interviews conducted with 69 disabled people in England and Scotland, and with 28 key informants from infrastructure organisations in the voluntary and statutory sectors, about the impact of COVID‐19, and measures taken to control it. Participants were recruited through voluntary organisations. As with everyone, the Pandemic has had a huge impact: we discuss the dislocations it has caused in everyday life; the failures of social care; the use of new technologies; and participants' view on leadership and communication. We conclude with suggestions for urgent short term and medium term responses, so that the United Kingdom and other countries can respond better to this and other pandemics, and build a more inclusive world.
Evaluating federated voluntary associations’ membership data: An application of Benford's Law
Authors: Chamberlain Adam , Yanus Alixandra B.
Published: August 2021

Objective

Large, federated voluntary associations of the late 19th and early 20th centuries produced detailed reports of national meetings that included comprehensive data on state‐level membership. Though used in previous scholarship, the veracity of these data has never been evaluated.

Methods

We test 16 associations’ state‐level membership data, generally between 1880 and 1920, using Benford's Law, a mathematical principle used to discern whether data are potentially problematic—through error, fraud, or other reasons—and require further investigation.

Results

Our initial analyses reveal that these data deviate statistically from Benford's predictions. Further investigation, however, finds that these differences are not substantively significant; an aggregate measure of all associations shows close conformity to the Newcomb–Benford distribution.

Conclusion

The data presented in voluntary associations’ annual reports are likely trustworthy. These findings have important implications for future use of these data, other association data, and the role of associations in promoting civil society.
Whose democracy in which state?: Abolition democracy from Angela Davis to W. E. B. Du Bois
Authors: Lester Quinn
Published: August 2021

Objective

This article argues that a better understanding of the history and reception of W. E. B. Du Bois's abolition democracy helps elucidate contemporary debates by abolitionists about how to engage with the state.

Methods

Through a close reading of Du Bois's Black Reconstruction I show how contemporary focus on abolition as abolishing the carceral state and building alternatives elides viewing abolition democracy as an engagement with and challenge to state power.

Results

Viewing abolition democracy from this longer history allows scholars today to view debates among abolitionists themselves as a conflict between transforming how the state work and carving out autonomous spaces of freedom away from the state.

Conclusion

By recognizing the confliced history between Du Bois's use of abolition democracy and its invocation by contemporary activists, I show how abolition itself is a fundamentally contested concept deployed for multiple political discourses and struggles.
A novel HLA allele, HLA‐A*32:74, detected by sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Li Xiao‐Feng , Liu Ying , Zhang Xu , Lin Feng‐Qiu , Li Jian‐Ping
Published: August 2021

HLA‐A*32:74 has one nucleotide change from HLA‐A*32:01:01:01 where alanine (211) is changed to glutamate.
Effects of band steaming on weed control, weed community diversity and composition and yield in organic carrot at three Mediterranean sites
Authors: Carlesi Stefano , Martelloni Luisa , Bigongiali Federica , Frasconi Christian , Fontanelli Marco , Bàrberi Paolo
Published: August 2021

Band steaming is a non‐chemical weed control method of increasing interest for highly remunerative, low competitive crops. This study aimed to test the field application of a new prototype of band‐steaming machine in three organic fields under contrasting Mediterranean environmental conditions. Trials were conducted in carrot under real‐field conditions to investigate the effects of three steaming doses and one control (no steaming) on weed vegetation and crop yield. Soil temperature at steaming application, weed density at species level during carrot crop growth, and weed and carrot biomass at harvest were sampled at each site. Band steaming significantly affected total weed density: when comparing the untreated control with the highest steam dose, weed density reduction ranged from 62% (−492 plants m−2) at site II to 94% (−146 plants m−2) at site III. Generally, diversity of weed communities decreased with increasing steaming dose, indicating a progressive species filtering effect: Fumaria officinalis L. and Sonchus oleraceus L. were filtered by steaming application at site I, while Polygonum lapathifolium L. and Portulaca oleracea L. were filtered at sites II and III. Weed community composition was affected by steaming dose at two sites out of three. Small seeded species (seed mass <1.5 mg) were less tolerant of steaming than species with large seeds. Through reduction in weed density, steam application gave carrot a competitive advantage, increasing fresh yield from 47% at site III (+3,646 g m‐2) to 92% at site II (+1,866 g m‐2), compared with yields at non‐steamed plots.
FGGE Forecast Experiments for Amazon Basin Rainfall
Authors: Buchman Julio , Buja Lawrence E , Paegle Jan , Zhand Chi-Dong , Baumhefner David P
Published: August 2021

No presente trabalho é investigado o padrão de precipitação, na Bacia Amazônica, da previsão de dez casos do Experimento do Tempo Global (GWE). A sensitividade deste modelo de previsão, para a presença de uma fonte de calor anômala no Pacífico leste, é investigada através de experimentos, em que um termo não adia bático é adicionado na equação da termodinâmica. Estes experimentos sugerem significativa supressão de precipitação sobre a Bacia Amazônica central, e especificamente sobre a parte nordeste do Brasil. Esta supressão está associada com o ramo descendente da Circulação de Walker cujo desenvolvimento é determinado por uma região de subsidência, a qual propaga-se para a direção este, vinda da região do Pacífico leste, uma razão de cerca de 30m/s. Esta evolução, que é consistente com a contribuição da onda de Kelvin para a célula de Walker, afeta o Brasil dentro de aproximadamente dois dias a partir da região da fonte.
Produção científica
Authors: Abreu Maurício De Almeida
Published: August 2021

A estrutura atual da metrópole carioca é o resultado de uma diversidade de processos que vêm moldando o espaço urbano do Rio de Janeiro desde o século XIX. O Estado, as diversas frações do capital e as ações das classes sociais tiveram, nesse processo de evolução, um papel não só importante como também variável, conflitante, e muitas vezes contraditório. A presente pesquisa objetiva recuperar teórica e empiricamente esse processo, dando destaque aos agentes modeladores e processos sociais, que a cada momento mais influenciaram a geografia urbana da cidade.
Relação entre Estrutura Ocupacional e Padrão Espacial dos Resultados Eleitorais
Authors: SantAnna Marina
Published: August 2021

A great proportion of geography of voting can be related to the spatial division of labour. The geographical separation of people performing different economic roles within society occurs at a variety of scales, so geographical separation of people that votes differently occurs also at a variety of scales. In this paper, we try to consider and analyse the relationship between voting patterns and types of occupational activities.
Espaciologia: Uma Objeção
Authors: Souza Marcelo José Lopes de
Published: August 2021

The present work aims at analyzing one particular outcome of the traditional logics/onthology with its problems and de formations, the social space autonomization, and, in special, the tendency named spatiology. Starting from the radical premise that according to the fundamental theoretical contributions of Cornelius Castoriadis, the marxist theory - general philosophical/methodological basis of "spatiology" and of its interlocutors - is, in a radical analysis, a tributary of those logics and anthology, the present essay seeks to contribute for the construction of a revolutionary - non fragmentary, authentically dialetical - approach to the Social reality. Under this view, or on introductory level, the question of spatial autonomization is contextualized, and the formalistic problematic in the social studies sphere is present ed and discussed.
O Fato Geográfico
Authors: Santos Carlos
Published: August 2021

Human action on earth surface has a natural flowing result. This flow expresses all intentionality oriented towards a utilitarian logic, that is, the resolution of human survival is translated into the atribution of functions to the things. This behavior of man before things implies in the humanization of nature. The meaning of this is called geographic fact. Besides, we discuss the indispensability of this molding of things into human crafts, since being the things space, they are able of construction however the space in itself is not. In other words, we consider space a datum and, therefore, only able of qualification. Furthermore, we shall analyse the formation of place as expression and support, in a fundamental way, of the spacial qualification process and we elect the Phenomenology as the adequate approach of this study.
Modal Decomposition and Linear Modeling of Swirl Fluctuations in the Mixing Section of a Model Combustor Based on Particle Image Velocimetry Data
Authors: Müller Jens S. , Lückoff Finn , Kaiser Thomas L. , Paschereit C. Oliver , Oberleithner Kilian
Published: August 2021

In order to determine the flame transfer function of a combustion system, different mechanisms have been identified that need to be modeled. This study focuses on the generation and propagation of one of these mechanisms, namely, the swirl fluctuations downstream of a radial swirl combustor under isothermal conditions. Swirl fluctuations are generated experimentally by imposing acoustic perturbations. Time-resolved longitudinal and crosswise particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements are conducted inside the mixing tube and combustion chamber to quantify the evolution of the swirl fluctuations. The measured flow response is decomposed using spectral proper orthogonal decomposition to unravel the contributions of different dynamical modes. In addition a resolvent analysis is conducted based on the linearized Navier–Stokes equations to reveal the intrinsically most amplified flow structures. Both, the data-driven and analytic approach, show that inertial waves are indeed present in the flow response and an inherent flow instability downstream of the swirler, which confirms recent theoretical works on inertial waves. However, the contribution of the identified inertial waves to the total swirl fluctuations turns out to be very small. This is suggested to be due to the very structured forcing at the swirler and the additional amplification of shear-driven modes. Overall, this work confirms the presence of inertial waves in highly turbulent swirl combustors and evaluates its relevance for industry-related configurations. It further outlines a methodology to analyze and predict their characteristics based on mean fields only, which is applicable for complex geometries of industrial relevance.
Comprehensive Experimental Investigation of Hole Cleaning Performance in Horizontal Wells Including the Effects of Drill String Eccentricity, Pipe Rotation, and Cuttings Size
Authors: Abbas Ahmed K. , Alsaba Mortadha T. , Al Dushaishi Mohammed F.
Published: August 2021

Extended reach drilling (ERD) wells with a horizontal and highly deviated section are widely applied in the oil and gas industry because they provide higher drainage area than vertical wells and hence increase the productivity or injectivity of the well. Among many issues encountered in a complex well trajectory, poor hole cleaning is the most common problem, which occurs mainly in the deviated and horizontal section of oil and gas wells. There are significant parameters that have a serious impact on hole cleaning performance in high-angle and horizontal sections. These include flowrate, rheology, and density of the drilling fluid, drill string eccentricity, pipe rotation, and cuttings size. It has been recognized that the action of most of these parameters to transport drilled cuttings is constantly a point of controversy among oilfield engineers. In the present study, extensive experiments were conducted in an advanced purpose-built flow rig to identify the main parameters affecting on circulate the cuttings out of the test section in a horizontal position. The flow-loop simulator has been designed to allow easy variation of operational parameters in terms of flowrate, mud density, drill string eccentricity, pipe rotation, and cuttings size. In addition, the study covers the impacts of laminar, transition, and turbulent flow regimes. The goal of such variation in the operational conditions is to simulate real-field situations. The results have shown that drill string rotation and flowrate were the operational parameters with the highest positive influence on the cuttings transports process. In contrast, drill pipe eccentricity has a negative influence on cuttings removal efficiency. The cuttings transportation performance is further improved by pipe rotation at different levels of eccentricity, especially at fully eccentric annuli. It was also shown that larger cuttings appeared to be easier to remove in a horizontal annulus than smaller ones. The experimental results would provide a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between drilling operation parameters and hole cleaning efficiency in ERD operations. This will help the drilling teams to realize what action is better to take for efficient cutting transportation.
Asymmetry of extreme Cenozoic climate–carbon cycle events
Authors: Arnscheidt Constantin W. , Rothman Daniel H.
Published: August 2021

Asymmetric bias toward abrupt global warming events occurs throughout most of the past 66 million years.
Multiple memory formation in glassy landscapes
Authors: Lindeman Chloe W. , Nagel Sidney R.
Published: August 2021

An interacting-rearrangement model for sheared solids shows multiple interaction-encoding memories and complex limit cycles.
A PSMA-targeted bispecific antibody for prostate cancer driven by a small-molecule targeting ligand
Authors: Lee Sung Chang , Ma Jennifer S. Y. , Kim Min Soo , Laborda Eduardo , Choi Sei-Hyun , Hampton Eric N. , Yun Hwayoung , Nunez Vanessa , Muldong Michelle T. , Wu Christina N. , Ma Wenxue , Kulidjian Anna A. , Kane Christopher J. , Klyushnichenko Vadim , Woods Ashley K. , Joseph Sean B. , Petrassi Mike , Wisler John , Li Jing , Jamieson Christina A. M. , Schultz Peter G. , Kim Chan Hyuk , Young Travis S.
Published: August 2021

CCW702 is a bispecific antibody that combines the specificity of an imaging ligand with the potency of a T cell immunotherapy.
Tunable stiffness enables fast and efficient swimming in fish-like robots
Authors: Zhong Q. , Zhu J. , Fish F. E. , Kerr S. J. , Downs A. M. , Bart-Smith H. , Quinn D. B.
Published: August 2021

Tuna-like robots can swim more efficiently over a wide range of speed by leveraging tunable tail stiffness.
The
Uppsala APP
deletion causes early onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease by altering APP processing and increasing amyloid β fibril formation
Authors: Pagnon de la Vega María , Giedraitis Vilmantas , Michno Wojciech , Kilander Lena , Güner Gökhan , Zielinski Mara , Löwenmark Malin , Brundin RoseMarie , Danfors Torsten , Söderberg Linda , Alafuzoff Irina , Nilsson Lars N.G. , Erlandsson Anna , Willbold Dieter , Müller Stephan A. , Schröder Gunnar F. , Hanrieder Jörg , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Lannfelt Lars , Sehlin Dag , Ingelsson Martin
Published: August 2021

The
Uppsala APP
deletion leads to Alzheimer’s disease by modulating α- and β-secretase cleavage of APP and by accelerating Aβ fibrillization.
Diesel and Crude Oil Biodegradation by Cold-Adapted Microbial Communities in the Labrador Sea
Authors: Murphy Sean M. C. , Bautista María A. , Cramm Margaret A. , Hubert Casey R. J.
Published: August 2021

Increases in transportation of diesel and crude oil in the Labrador Sea will pose a significant threat to remote benthic and shoreline environments, where coastal communities and wildlife are particularly vulnerable to oil spill contaminants. Whereas marine microbiology has not been incorporated into environmental assessments in the Labrador Sea, there is a growing demand for microbial biodiversity evaluations given the pronounced impact of climate change in this region.
Functional Roles of α
1
-, α
2
-, β
1
-, and β
2
-Tubulins in Vegetative Growth, Microtubule Assembly, and Sexual Reproduction of Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Zhu Yuanye , Zhang Yuanshuai , Duan Yabing , Shi Dongya , Hou Yiping , Song Xiushi , Wang Jianxin , Zhou Mingguo
Published: August 2021

In this study, we found that
F. graminearum
contains four different α-/β-tubulin heterodimers (α
1
-β
1
, α
1
-β
2
, α
2
-β
1
, and α
2
-β
2
), and they assemble together into a single microtubule. Moreover, α
1
- and α
2
-tubulins are functionally interchangeable in microtubule assembly, vegetative growth, and sexual reproduction.
High Arsenic Levels Increase Activity Rather than Diversity or Abundance of Arsenic Metabolism Genes in Paddy Soils
Authors: Zhang Si-Yu , Xiao Xiao , Chen Song-Can , Zhu Yong-Guan , Sun Guo-Xin , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T.
Published: August 2021

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid pervasively present in the environment. Microorganisms have evolved the capacity to metabolize As, and As metabolism genes are ubiquitously present in the environment even in the absence of high concentrations of As.
Development of a Multiplex-PCR Serotyping Assay for Characterizing Legionella pneumophila Serogroups Based on the Diversity of Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthetic Loci
Authors: Nakaue Ryota , Qin Tian , Morita Masatomo , Ren Hongyu , Chang Bin , Murai Miyo , Amemura-Maekawa Junko , Ohnishi Makoto
Published: August 2021

Legionella pneumophila
, which is the main cause of Legionnaires’ disease, comprises at least 15 serogroups (SGs). We show here the diversity of lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic loci among serogroups and describe the development of a PCR serotyping assay for 15 SGs based on the sequences of LPS biosynthetic loci.
Comparison of an Automated Plate Assessment System (APAS Independence) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Manual Plate Reading of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus CHROMagar Surveillance Cultures
Authors: Gammel Natalie , Ross Tracy L. , Lewis Shawna , Olson Melissa , Henciak Susan , Harris Renee , Hanlon Ann , Carroll Karen C.
Published: August 2021

The automated plate assessment system (APAS Independence; Clever Culture System, Bäch, Switzerland) is an automated imaging station linked with interpretive software that detects target colonies of interest on chromogenic media and sorts samples as negative or presumptive positive. We evaluated the accuracy of the APAS to triage methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) and
S. aureus
cultures using chromogenic medium compared to that by human interpretation.
Comparison of Zaire and Bundibugyo Ebolavirus Polymerase Complexes and Susceptibility to Antivirals through a Newly Developed Bundibugyo Minigenome System
Authors: Levine Corri B. , Mire Chad E. , Geisbert Thomas W.
Published: August 2021

Ebolavirus disease is a viral infection and is fatal in 25 to 90% of cases, depending on the viral species and the amount of supportive care available. Two species have caused outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Zaire ebolavirus
(EBOV) and
Bundibugyo ebolavirus
(BDBV).
Determinants in Nonstructural Protein 4A of Dengue Virus Required for RNA Replication and Replication Organelle Biogenesis
Authors: Cortese Mirko , Mulder Klaas , Chatel-Chaix Laurent , Scaturro Pietro , Cerikan Berati , Plaszczyca Anna , Haselmann Uta , Bartenschlager Marie , Neufeldt Christopher J. , Bartenschlager Ralf
Published: August 2021

DENV is the most prevalent mosquito-borne virus, causing around 390 million infections each year. There are no approved therapies to treat DENV infection, and the only available vaccine shows limited efficacy.
Clover Root Exudates Favor
Novosphingobium
sp. HR1a Establishment in the Rhizosphere and Promote Phenanthrene Rhizoremediation
Authors: Molina Lázaro , Udaondo Zulema , Montero-Curiel María , Wittich Regina-Michaela , García-Puente Alicia , Segura Ana
Published: August 2021

The success of an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy for soil decontamination is conditioned by the understanding of the ecology of plant-microorganism interactions. Although many studies have been published about the bacterial metabolic capacities in the rhizosphere and about rhizoremediation of contaminants, there are fewer studies dealing with the integration of bacterial metabolic capacities in the rhizosphere during PAH bioremediation, and some aspects still remain controversial.
Quantifying the Impact of Human Leukocyte Antigen on the Human Gut Microbiota
Authors: Andeweg Stijn P. , Keşmir Can , Dutilh Bas E.
Published: August 2021

The microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans, known as the gut microbiota, are essential for hosts’ survival, as they support crucial functions. For example, they support the host in facilitating the uptake of nutrients and give colonization resistance against pathogens.
Performance Evaluation of the MatMaCorp COVID-19 2SF Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Nasopharyngeal Swabs
Authors: Craney Arryn , Petrik Dustin , Sukhu Ashley , Qiu Yuqing , Racine-Brzostek Sabrina , Rennert Hanna , Piscatelli Heather , Rathnaiah Govardhan , Hangman Alyssa , Carrie Michael , Cushing Melissa
Published: August 2021

The demand for molecular testing for COVID-19 remains to be met. This study of the MatMaCorp Solas 8 device and COVID-19 test provides the first evaluation of this platform.
Impact of
agr
Functionality on the Outcome of Patients with Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Lee Shinwon , Park Sohee , Lee Soon O. , Lee Sun H.
Published: August 2021

Few studies have examined the association between methicillin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA) infection and accessory gene regulator (
agr
) functionality. We evaluated the association between
agr
dysfunction and mortality in patients with MSSA bacteremia.
Classification of a Violacein-Producing Psychrophilic Group of Isolates Associated with Freshwater in Antarctica and Description of
Rugamonas violacea
sp. nov.
Authors: Sedláček Ivo , Holochová Pavla , Sobotka Roman , Busse Hans-Jürgen , Švec Pavel , Králová Stanislava , Šedo Ondrej , Pilný Jan , Staňková Eva , Koublová Vendula , Sedlář Karel
Published: August 2021

Our polyphasic approach provides a new understanding of the taxonomy of novel pigmented
Rugamonas
species isolated from freshwater samples in Antarctica. The isolates showed considerable extracellular bactericidal secretions.
SARS-CoV-2 Isolates Show Impaired Replication in Human Immune Cells but Differential Ability to Replicate and Induce Innate Immunity in Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Jiang Miao , Kolehmainen Pekka , Kakkola Laura , Maljanen Sari , Melén Krister , Smura Teemu , Julkunen Ilkka , Österlund Pamela
Published: August 2021

With the rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, information on the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and regulation of innate immunity in human immune cells and lung epithelial cells is needed. In the present study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 failed to productively infect human immune cells, but different isolates of SARS-CoV-2 showed differential ability to replicate and regulate innate interferon responses in human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells.
Supplemental Material: River sinuosity describes a continuum between randomness and ordered growth
Authors: Limaye Ajay B. , al. et
Published: August 2021

Additional methods.
Supplemental Material: Mid-Cenozoic succession on the northeast limb of the Mount Diablo anticline, California—A stratigraphic record of tectonic events in the forearc basin
Authors: Sullivan Raymond , al. et
Published: August 2021

40Ar/39Ar dating methods
Association between proton pump inhibitors after percutaneous coronary intervention and risk of gastric cancer
Authors: Ng Andrew Kei-Yan , Ng Pauline Yeung , Ip April , Cheung Ka-Shing , Siu Chung-Wah
Published: August 2021

Background

Previous studies showing an association between chronic use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and gastric cancer are limited by confounding by indication. This relationship has not been studied in patients receiving PPI for prophylaxis, such as those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Method

This was a retrospective cohort study including 14 hospitals under the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2017. Participants were patients who underwent first-ever PCI, were not on PPI prescription within 30 days before admission for PCI, had no known malignancy and survived for 365 days after PCI. Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline characteristics and other prescription patterns. The primary outcome was diagnosis of gastric cancer made >365 days after PCI as a time-to-first-event analysis. The secondary outcome was death from gastric cancer.

Results

Among the 13 476 patients (6738 pairs) matched by propensity score, gastric cancer developed in 17 (0.25%) PPI users and 7 (0.10%) PPI non-users after a median follow-up of 7.1 years. PPI users had a higher risk of gastric cancer (HR 3.55; 95% CI 1.46 to 8.66, p=0.005) and death from gastric cancer (HR 4.18; 95% CI 1.09 to 16.08, p=0.037), compared with non-users. The association was duration-dependent and patients who took PPI for ≥365 days were at increased risk.

Conclusions

Chronic use of PPI was significantly associated with increased risk of gastric cancer and death from gastric cancer in patients for whom it was prescribed as prophylaxis. Physicians should judiciously assess the relevant risks and benefits of chronic PPI use before prescription.
Role of locoregional surgery in treating FIGO 2009 stage IVB cervical cancer patients: a population-based study
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Ouyang Yi , Su Jingjing , Bai Zhigang , Cai Qunrong , Cao Xinping
Published: August 2021

Objective

We aimed to analyse the clinical value of primary site surgery in improving the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of initial metastatic cervical cancer patients.

Design

A population-based retrospective study.

Setting

National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database.

Participants

We analysed 1390 patients with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009 stage IVB cervical cancer with complete clinical data treated between 2010 and 2016.

Interventions

Primary site surgery.

Measures

Propensity score matching (PSM) with a ratio of 1:2 was used to balance measure covariates of comparison groups. Survival time was calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared by the log-rank test. To eliminate the bias of site-specific metastasis, clinicopathological factors and subsequent therapy on survival analysis, subgroup analyses stratified by metastasis type, clinicopathological factors and subsequent therapy were employed to evaluate the effect of cervical surgery on survival. Combination of directed acyclic graph and change-in-estimate procedures was performed to indentified confounders, and Cox regression was used to assess the survival benefit of cervical surgery for primary metastatic cervical cancer patients. The consistency of our findings was evaluated through sensitivity analysis.

Results

Matching resulted in two comparison groups with minor differences in most variables. Pre-and-post-PSM, the median CSS and OS in the surgery group were 1.3 and 1.5, 1.1 and 1.2 times of those in the non-surgery group, respectively. Primary site surgery conferred prognosis superiority for patients with metastases to distant lymph node and other sites rather than organ metastases. After PSM and adjusting confounders, local surgery reduced the cancer related and overall mortality rates by 31% and 30%, respectively.

Conclusions

Surgical procedures could promote survival in patients with primary metastatic cervical cancer and should be considered a therapeutic option for carefully chosen patients.
Assessing variation among the national essential medicines lists of 21 high-income countries: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Taglione Michael Sergio , Persaud Nav
Published: August 2021

Objective

Essential medicines lists have been created and used globally in countries that range from low-income to high-income status. The aim of this paper is to compare the essential medicines list of high-income countries with each other, the WHO’s Model List of Essential Medicines and the lists of countries of other income statuses.

Design

High-income countries were defined by World Bank classification. High-income essential medicines lists were assessed for medicine inclusion and were compared with the subset of high-income countries, the WHO’s Model List and 137 national essential medicines lists. Medicine lists were obtained from the Global Essential Medicines database. Countries were subdivided by income status, and the groups’ most common medicines were compared. Select medicines and medicine classes were assessed for inclusion among high-income country lists.

Results

The 21 high-income countries identified were most like each other when compared with other lists. They were more like upper middle-income countries and least like low-income countries. There was significant variability in the number of medicines on each list. Less than half (48%) of high-income countries included a newer diabetes medicines in their list. Most countries (71%) included naloxone while every country including at least one opioid medicine. More than half of the lists (52%) included a medicine that has been globally withdrawn or banned.

Conclusion

Essential medicines lists of high-income countries are similar to each other, but significant variations in essential medicine list composition and specifically the number of medications included were noted. Effective medicines were left off several countries’ lists, and globally recalled medicines were included on over half the lists. Comparing the essential medicines lists of countries within the same income status category can provide a useful subset of lists for policymakers and essential medicine list creators to use when creating or maintaining their lists.
Association between television viewing and overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Timor-Leste: evidence from the demographic health survey 2016
Authors: Talukder Animesh , Das Gupta Rajat , Hashan Mohammad Rashidul , Haider Shams Shabab , Sajal Ibrahim Hossain , Sarker Malabika
Published: August 2021

Objective

This study aimed to assess the possible relationship between television viewing and overweight and obesity among Timorese women of reproductive age.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analysed the Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey 2016 dataset. A weighted sample of 11 398 Timorese women aged 15–49 years was chosen using a two-stage stratified random sampling technique. Asian criteria-based body mass index (BMI) cut-offs were used to define overweight (BMI 23.0 to <27.5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2). Frequency of TV viewing was categorised into three groups: (1) not at all, (2) less than once a week and (3) at least once a week. Multilevel ordered logistic regression was performed to identify the correlates of overweight and obesity. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) along with a 95% CI were calculated to show the strength of association.

Results

Among 11 398 respondents, 19.4% were overweight or obese (overweight: 15.7% and obese: 3.8%). Although about half of the respondents reportedly did not watch TV at all, just over two-thirds watched TV at least once a week. Women who watched TV at least once a week were found to have 1.3 times the odds of being overweight or obese compared with those who never watched TV (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.5; p<0.001). However, when stratified by settlement type, the statistical significance stood for the rural women only (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.8; p<0.001), after adjusting for the covariates.

Conclusion

Watching TV at least once a week was found to be a significant correlate of overweight and obesity in rural Timorese women of reproductive age. Further studies need to be undertaken to assess physical activity, sedentary and dietary patterns to clarify the possible mechanism through which TV viewing may influence BMI in those groups.
Identifying predictors of response to oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol in osteoarthritis: a hypothesis-driven protocol for an OA Trial Bank individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Xiong Yilin , Zeng Chao , Doherty Michael , Persson Monica S M , Wei Jie , van Middelkoop Marienke , Lei Guanghua , Zhang Weiya
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Symptomatic treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) provide only small-to-moderate efficacy over placebo in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Treatment guidelines therefore have emphasised the need to identify predictors of treatment response through subgroup and multiple regression analysis. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis is recommended as an efficient approach for this purpose. To our knowledge, this has not been undertaken for oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including paracetamol, in OA. In this IPD meta-analysis, we aim to identify RCTs with specific mechanistic features related to OA pain, such as joint inflammation. We hypothesise that NSAIDs may work better for participants with joint inflammation, whereas paracetamol may not.

Methods and analysis

A comprehensive literature search will be conducted on the databases of Web of Science, Embase, Medline, CINAHL, AMED and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 1998 to 1 December 2020. All RCTs related to oral NSAIDs or paracetamol including placebo-controlled trials in people with OA that have evaluated pain-related peripheral risk factors (eg, clinically detected knee effusion, synovial hypertrophy or effusion on imaging, knee morning stiffness, elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level) and/or central pain risk factors (eg, pain elsewhere, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance) will be retrieved. The outcome will be change in pain from baseline. Change in function and patient global assessment will also be included as outcomes if available. Investigators of all eligible trials will be contacted for IPD. Multilevel regression models will be used to identify predictors for the specific (active–placebo) and the overall treatment effect (change from baseline in active group).

Ethics and dissemination

No identifiable data will be included in this study and no formal ethics approval is required as no new data collection will be processed. Results of this hypothesis-driven IPD meta-analysis will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in peer-reviewed journals.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020165098.
High-intensity interval training or resistance training versus usual care in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance: a 3-arm feasibility randomized controlled trial
Authors: Papadopoulos Efthymios , Gillen Jenna , Moore Daniel , Au Darren , Kurgan Nigel , Klentrou Panagiota , Finelli Antonio , Alibhai Shabbir M.H. , Santa Mina Daniel
Published: August 2021

This study assessed the feasibility of a phase II randomized controlled trial of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), and usual care (UC) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) on active surveillance and evaluated changes in clinically relevant outcomes. Eighteen men undergoing active surveillance for PCa were randomized to HIIT (n = 5), RT (n = 7), or UC (n = 6). Exercise participants attended 2 supervised sessions weekly and were instructed to complete 1 home-based session weekly for 8 weeks. UC participants were provided with physical activity guidelines. Feasibility was met for attendance, compliance, and retention, but not recruitment. HIIT increased leg press (mean: +8.2 kg, 95% CI 1.1 to 15.3) from baseline to 8 weeks. RT increased seated row (mean: +11.7 kg, 95% CI 6.1 to 17.3), chest press (mean: +10.4 kg, 95% CI 5.3 to 15.5), leg press (mean: +13.1 kg, 95% CI 5.9 to 20.3), serum insulin-like binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) (mean: +400.0 ng/mL, 95% CI 94.5 to 705.5), and decreased interferon-γ (mean: −3.1 pg/mL, 95% CI −5.7 to −0.4). No changes were observed in the UC group. HIIT and RT may be effective strategies for improving muscle strength; however, only RT may increase serum IGFBP-3. Strategies that can enhance recruitment in men on active surveillance are important prior to conducting a phase II trial. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT04266262.

Novelty: High-intensity interval training or resistance training are feasible during active surveillance for prostate cancer. Resistance training may suppress the tumour-promoting effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) via increased expression of IGFBP-3.
Tools for studying composite models
Authors: Panizzi Luca
Published: August 2021

This contribution provides an overview of available numerical tools for performing phenomenological studies related to the new physics predicted by composite scenarios. The overview focuses on model-independent constructions and aims at identifying the differences and connections between the implementations of numerical models, mostly focusing on the simplified-model approach. Attention is given to which kind of studies can be performed with such tools, with emphasis to the Higgs sector, new vector-like quarks and new bosonic states. A discussion of strategies for the analysis non-minimal simplified scenarios is also provided.
Perturbation analysis for massless spin fields in accelerating Kerr-Newman-(anti-)de Sitter black holes
Authors: Wei Hai-Bo , Chen Yi-Gu , Zheng Hui , Wang Zai-Dong , Mi Li-Qin , Li Zhong-Heng
Published: August 2021

We obtain the wave equation of the perturbation theory governing massless fields of spin 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2 and 2 in accelerating Kerr–Newman–(anti-)de Sitter black holes. We show that the wave equation is separable and the radial and angular equations can both be transformed into Heun’s equation. We approximate Heun’s equation and analyze the solution of radial function near the event horizon. It is worth pointing out that all the field equations collapse to a unique equation which means it can provide a possible way for the analog research between the gravitational field and those other fields.
Involuntary Unemployment as a Nash Equilibrium and Fiscal Policy for Full Employment
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to provide a game-theoretic interpretation of the analyses of involuntary unemployment by deficiency of aggregate demand and fiscal policy to achieve full employment using an overlapping generations model. We showed that involuntary unemployment is in a Nash equilibrium of a game with a firm and consumers. Moreover, we showed that full employment can be achieved through fiscal policies that create budget deficits in recessionary conditions with involuntary unemployment. Once full employment is achieved, it can be sustained without a budget deficit.
Self-aggregation of synthetic zinc 3-hydroxymethyl-chlorophyll-a derivatives possessing electron-withdrawing groups at the 20-position in aqueous micelle solution
Authors: Sakaguchi Kana , Kishi Masashi , Kinoshita Yusuke , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: August 2021

Zinc methyl 3-hydroxymethyl-pyropheophorbides-[Formula: see text] bearing an acetyl or nitro group at the 20-position were prepared by chemically modifying natural chlorophyll-[Formula: see text]. The synthetic zinc 20-substituted bacteriochlorophyll-[Formula: see text] analogs self-aggregated in an aqueous Triton X-100 micelle solution to give red-shifted and broadened electronic absorption bands, similarly as in one of the photosynthetic light-harvesting antennas, chlorosomes. Although the sterically bulky 20-substituents of the semisynthetic zinc 31-hydroxy-131-oxo-chlorins partially disturbed the chlorosomal self-aggregates which would be produced by the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] stacking of the chlorin chromophores, their electron-withdrawing abilities should enhance the specific, intermolecular interaction of Zn[Formula: see text]O32–H[Formula: see text]O=C-13 which was essential for the chlorosomal self-aggregation. Such self-assemblies using these model pigments would provide a new clue for constructing of artificial photosynthetic systems.
Review—Electrolyte and Electrode Designs for Enhanced Ion Transport Properties to Enable High Performance Lithium Batteries
Authors: Boz Buket , Dev Tanmay , Salvadori Alberto , Schaefer Jennifer L.
Published: August 2021

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are recognized as the most rapidly growing energy storage technology. To improve the energy and power density of LiBs, tremendous progress has been made in every battery component. In this review, we focus on the investigations of electrolyte and electrode designs aimed at understanding and enhancing ion transport properties to improve the performance of LiBs. Theoretical, computational, and experimental studies of the importance of transport properties are highlighted, and the efforts to enhance the lithium transference number in organic electrolytes is discussed. We also review the significant ion transport challenges in porous electrodes and the demonstrated examples of advanced, high power/energy density electrodes. Overall, we focus on the most recent and pioneering works in terms of complex electrolytes with high transport properties and thick porous electrodes for high performance LiBs. This review intends to provide guidance for development of advanced electrolytes and electrodes for high performance LiBs through comprehensive compilation of prior understanding via experimental, computational, and theoretical points of view.
Stability of Current Collectors Against Corrosion in APC Electrolyte for Rechargeable Mg Battery
Authors: Chakrabarty Sankalpita , Blázquez J. Alberto , Sharabani Tali , Maddegalla Ananya , Leonet Olatz , Urdampilleta Idoia , Sharon Daniel , Noked Malachi , Mukherjee Ayan
Published: August 2021

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are highly attractive due to their high volumetric capacity, relatively low cost, and enhanced safety. Significant progress in the development of RMBs was the introduction of nonaqueous electrolyte solutions that enable reversible electrodeposition of Mg metal. These solutions contain a unique mixture of organo−aluminum and chloro−aluminum species. While these solutions are shown to be stable during cathodic polarization, the presence of chlorine anions in the solution can promote the corrosion process during the anodic polarization. Among all the cell components, the cathode current collector is most prone to corrosive processes. In this study, we characterize the corrosion behavior of different metallic current collectors in standard APC (All-Phenyl Complex) electrolyte solutions by following their electrochemical response and surface morphology changes during anodic polarization. In addition, we investigate the influence of carbon coating on the corrosive behavior of Ni metal. The study shows the efficacy of carbon coating on the current collector. We demonstrate that Ni@C current collector possesses higher corrosion pit initiation potential (2.25 V vs Mg/Mg2+) with respect to the uncoated metallic foils. Improving the anodic stability of the current collectors is a crucial step in the development of a practical rechargeable Mg battery.