bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treści ideowe polskich nowożytnych konfesjonałów jako wyraz potrydenckiego nauczania Kościoła
Authors: Gontarek Arkadiusz
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY

The issue of the presence of confessionals in the interior of the post-Trent church has not yet been addressed by Polish researchers. Brief references in encyclopaedic or dictionary works focus primarily on the evolution of the form of furniture. Therefore, this text will be an attempt to extract the wealth of ideological content, which has so far been omitted or treated marginally, and which is carried by old Polish confessionals. The proposed study includes confessionals located within the borders of today’s Poland and dating back to the 17th and 18th centuries, on which there are paintings or woodcarving images of penitents and confession patrons (sometimes enriched with text), as well as emblematic representations – a total of about 140 modern confessionals in not quite 60 towns and cities. The decoration of “penitential furniture”, as permanent elements of the church’s furnishings, harmonised closely with its whole interior design. On the one hand, it was supposed to complement it, and on the other, it was supposed to be a transmitter of autonomous content. They wereaddressed not only to penitents (e.g. through the presence of images of converted expiators), but also to confessors (images of martyrs of the mystery of confession). Considering the form of the confessional and its iconographic setting in a broader context, it is necessary to indicate the points which expressed the Catholic Church’s response to the errors of the Reformation. This includes the need for individual sacramental confession, based on the apostolic succession, the ruthless presence of a clergyman forgiving sins with the “power of the keys” and the negation of predestination emphasising the truth that man himself consciously chooses good or evil. The ideational richness of the confessional was also greatly influenced by the fact that the three sacraments were concentrated in the confessional: it was the place where one of them was celebrated and the necessary point on the way to receive the Eucharist, at the same time as the necessary presence of an ordained priest. The aim of this article is, therefore, to look at the modern confessional who, in its formal and content layer, visually realises – on an equal footing with other elements of the church’s equipment – the counter-reformation doctrine of the postTrent Church.
Nadzwyczajna zwyczajność. Rembrandt rytownik. Nowatorstwo wobec tradycji
Authors: Tomicka Joanna A.
Published: February 2021

SUMMARY

The scientific interests of Rev. Professor Janusz Pasierb revolved mostly around questions related to Polish art, often in the perspective of European interconnections, inspirations, as well as differences. The present study has been inspired by an observation by Rev. Professor Pasierb made in reference to a sphere of human activity unrelated to art. Describing in one of his papers the figure of Bishop Konstantyn Dominik (1870–1942), Professor Pasierb employed the phrase extraordinary ordinariness17. In the present text, this term will be used to discuss an artist whose oeuvre depicts ‘extraordinary ordinariness’ in the most multi-aspected and spectacular way. Rembrandt van Rijn was at once a traditionalist and innovator, both in regard to the range of employed subjects and compositional schemes and his craftsmanship. His knowledge of the achievements of his forerunners, continuously developed, inspired his own artistic quest. Despite the fact that he was a painter in the period when elaborated allegory was universally employed, he insisted on the realism of scenes and directness of compositions in order to bring out the extra-sensual dimension, based on symbolism hidden in prosaic life. His works open spaces of universal experiences and feelings, at the same time inclining us to pose questions concerning their complex intellectual interpretation or Rembrandt’s technique. His mastery is equally palpable in his biblical compositions, landscapes or brilliant psychological portraits, while each of the genres was depicted by him both in painting and in graphic arts, which was rare in the times when most artists specialized in only one medium, or even in one genre, like portraits or landscapes, in one medium. Rembrandt is one of the artists referred to as painters-engravers (peintre-graveur), like Albrecht Dürer or Lucas van Leyden before him. In graphic arts in particular, he introduced new technical and compositional solutions, issuing works that often astound with their innovative approach and extremely individual interpretation. Rembrandt’s versatility in terms of addressing various genres is particularly visible in his prints. Certain subjects were resumed by him as he looked for ever new solutions. Several chosen examples of graphic works depicting religious themes combining in various aspects traditionalism and innovation will be discussed to illustrate Rembrandt’s iconographic, compositional and technical concepts and search.
Wątki masońskie w sztuce na dworze Stanisława Augusta
Authors: Skrodzka Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Za panowania Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego bardzo wielu polskich luminarzy sztuki i kultury, a także licznych polityków i mężów stanu, należało do masonerii. Ruch ten w Europie XVIII wieku zyskiwał coraz więcej zwolenników, także wśród głów koronowanych. Do wolnomularstwa należał podobno także sam król Stanisław August. Historycy sztuki, próbując odczytywać ukryte treści dzieł sztuki powstających na dworze tego monarchy, dopatrują się w nich wątków masońskich. W niniejszym artykule została przedstawiona próba odrzucenia tych interpretacji. Głównym powodem jest dla autorki brak dowodów w postaci źródeł, które mogłyby potwierdzić słuszność tych twierdzeń.

During the reign of Stanislaus Augustus many Polish luminaries of art and culture, and numerous politicians and statesmen belonged to the freemasonry order. In 18th century Europe this organisation was gaining more and more members, including individuals from royalty. It has been presumed that King Stanislaus Augustus was also a member. Art historians have tried to uncover hidden messages in the artwork commissioned by the king in the search for masonic motives. This article is an attempt to refute such interpretations. The author finds no proof in sources researched that would confirm the validity of such interpretations.
Historia koszar kawaleryjskich przy Łazienkach Warszawskich w latach 1918-1945
Authors: Chrósny Weronika
Published: February 2021

W artykule została przedstawiona historia koszar kawaleryjskich, znajdujących się w pobliżu Ogrodu Królewskiego - "Łazienki Warszawskie" w latach 1918-1939. Metodologia zastosowana w tekście opierała się na zapisach archiwalnym i bibliotecznych, analizie materiałów kartograficznych i zdjęciach lotniczych. Autorka opisała koszary kawalerii w Warszawie, w których stacjonował 1 Pułk Kawalerii i 1 Dywizjon Artylerii Konnej, podkreślając wszystkie przemiany przestrzenno-architektoniczne, które miały miejsce w koszarach przed II wojną światową. Artykuł jest pierwszym tego typu opracowaniem, które prezentuje bardziej szczegółowo historię tych budynków wojskowych.

The article describes the history of cavalry barracks, located near the Royal Garden „Łazienki Warszawskie” in Warsaw in the years 1918-1939. The methodology used in the text, was based on an archival query, a library query, analysis of cartographic materials and aerial photographs. The author showed the history of cavalry barracks in Warsaw in which 1 Cavalry Regiment and 1 Squadron of Horse Artillery were stationed, emphasizing all spatial transformations that took place in the barracks before World War II. The article is the first to describe in greater detail the history of these military buildings.
Pomniki uczestników walk narodowowyzwoleńczych na południowo-wschodnim obszarze dawnego województwa tarnopolskiego
Authors: Czyż Anna Sylwia
Published: February 2021

Artykuł obejmuje analizę nagrobków w województwie tarnopolskim (Ukraina), które oznaczają miejsca pochówku uczestników polskich bitew niepodległościowych i wojen w XX wieku. Ich identyfikacja była możliwa dzięki pracom inwentaryzatorskim prowadzonym przez Instytut Historii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie. Pomimo swojej typowej formy, znaczenie omawianych zabytków leży w ich związku z historią Polski.

 

The article covers the analysis of tombstones in the Ternopil voivodeship (Ukraine) which mark the burial places of participants in Polish independence battles and wars in the 20th century. Their identification was possible thanks to inventory work carried out by the Institute of Art History of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw. Despite their typical form, the significance of the monuments discussed lies in their connections with the history of Poland.
Estimating the COVID-19 Spread Through Real-time Population Mobility Patterns: Surveillance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Tyrovolas Stefanos , Giné-Vázquez Iago , Fernández Daniel , Morena Marianthi , Koyanagi Ai , Janko Mark , Haro Josep Maria , Lin Yang , Lee Paul , Pan William , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Molassiotis Alex
Published: February 2021

Background

On January 21, 2020, the World Health Organization reported the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which rapidly evolved to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, the virus has also rapidly spread among Latin American, Caribbean, and African countries.

Objective

The first aim of this study is to identify new emerging COVID-19 clusters over time and space (from January 21 to mid-May 2020) in Latin American, Caribbean, and African regions, using a prospective space–time scan measurement approach. The second aim is to assess the impact of real-time population mobility patterns between January 21 and May 18, 2020, under the implemented government interventions, measurements, and policy restrictions on COVID-19 spread among those regions and worldwide.

Methods

We created a global COVID-19 database, of 218 countries and territories, merging the World Health Organization daily case reports with other measures such as population density and country income levels for January 21 to May 18, 2020. A score of government policy interventions was created for low, intermediate, high, and very high interventions. The population’s mobility patterns at the country level were
obtained from Google community mobility reports. The prospective space–time scan statistic method was applied in five time periods between January and May 2020, and a regression mixed model analysis was used.

Results

We found that COVID-19 emerging clusters within these five periods of time increased from 7 emerging clusters to 28 by mid-May 2020. We also detected various increasing and decreasing relative risk estimates of COVID-19 spread among Latin American, Caribbean, and African countries within the period of analysis. Globally, population mobility to parks and similar leisure areas during at least a minimum of implemented intermediate-level control policies (when compared to low-level control policies) was related to accelerated COVID-19 spread. Results were almost consistent when regional stratified analysis was applied. In addition, worldwide population mobility due to working during high implemented control policies and very high implemented control policies, when compared to low-level control policies, was related to positive COVID-19 spread.

Conclusions

The prospective space–time scan is an approach that low-income and middle-income countries could use to detect emerging clusters in a timely manner and implement specific control policies and interventions to slow down COVID-19 transmission. In addition, real-time population mobility obtained from crowdsourced digital data could be useful for current and future targeted public health and mitigation policies at a global and regional level.
Use of mHealth to Increase Physical Activity Among Breast Cancer Survivors With Fatigue: Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Martin Elise , Di Meglio Antonio , Charles Cecile , Ferreira Arlindo , Gbenou Arnauld , Blond Marine , Fagnou Benoit , Arvis Johanna , Pistilli Barbara , Saghatchian Mahasti , Vaz Luis Ines
Published: February 2021

Background

Physical activity has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of breast cancer fatigue; nevertheless, a significant portion of patients remain insufficiently physically active after breast cancer. Currently most patients have a smartphone, and therefore mobile health (mHealth) holds the promise of promoting health behavior uptake for many of them.

Objective

In this study, we explored representations, levers, and barriers to physical activity and mHealth interventions among inactive breast cancer patients with fatigue.

Methods

This was an exploratory, qualitative study including breast cancer patients from a French cancer center. A total of 4 focus groups were conducted with 9 patients; 2 independent groups of patients (groups A and B) were interviewed at 2 consecutive times (sessions 1 to 4), before and after their participation in a 2-week mHealth group experience consisting of (1) a competitive virtual exercise group activity (a fictitious world tour), (2) participation in a daily chat network, and (3) access to physical activity information and world tour classification feedback. We used a thematic content analysis.

Results

Several physical activity levers emerged including (1) physical factors such as perception of physical benefit and previous practice, (2) psychological factors such as motivation increased by provider recommendations, (3) social factors such as group practice, and (4) organizational factors including preplanning physical activity sessions. The main barriers to physical activity identified included late effects of cancer treatment, lack of motivation, and lack of time. The lack of familiarity with connected devices was perceived as the main barrier to the use of mHealth as a means to promote physical activity. The tested mHealth group challenge was associated with several positive representations including well-being and good habit promotion and being a motivational catalyzer. Following feedback, modifications were implemented into the mHealth challenge.

Conclusions

mHealth-based, easily accessed group challenges were perceived as levers for the practice of physical activity in this population. mHealth-based group challenges should be explored as options to promote physical activity in a population with fatigue after breast cancer.
Archives and Classification: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Tozzo Silvano
Published: February 2021

The attention paid to the original position (initial deposit) of archive material in the phase of reordering is a sensitive subject within the archival praxis. This is the basis from which takes form the reorganization model proposed in this contribution takes form. Keeping in mind this solicitation comes therefore exposed the criteria utilized for the treatment of information deriving from material preserved in a university building archive.
Role of Instruments in Pharmacoeconomics Perspective-An Overview
Authors: Bayya Subba Rao
Published: February 2021

In health care usually physical scaling is helping in understanding the cure of a disease.  In abstract scaling, one has to give his or her own feelings that does not have a fixed scale to compare with, but defined, evaluated and used.  Documenting abstract scaling along with physical scaling is gaining its importance to assess a desired outcome achieved or not, which is usually not recorded. In certain circumstances, choice of treatment, therapy is up to the patient. Mathematical equations were established as cost, benefit, utility, effectiveness etc. Policies relating to health care are to increase lifespan of the individual so that losses in productivity or work are minimized. Holistically, in pharmacoeconomics, it is necessary to compile costs and benefits to come to scientific conclusions in selecting a treatment among the choices available and for reimbursements.  The current review article illustrates the various approaches, mathematical models and need of abstract scaling for economical effective therapies.
An updated review on Materiovigilance for safe use of medical devices
Authors: Mansi Deshwal  , Manju Nagpal  , Gitika Arora Dhingra  , Geeta Aggarwal
Published: February 2021

In the last two decades, there has been an upsurge in the volume of medical devices and thereby increasing medical device-related adverse events. So, materiovigilance is an essential system for identifying, collecting, reporting and analysing adverse events related to medical devices. The Vigilance programme for the medical device was initiated in many countries many years ago but, is a quite new concept for India. The Materiovigilance programme in India was launched on July 6 2015, at the Indian Pharmacopoeial Commission (IPC) with the objective of monitoring adverse events, thereby reducing risks related to use of medical devices and also creating awareness among different stakeholders for improving patients’ safety. The intent of this review article is to provide holistic understanding of medical device related adverse events; classification, reporting criteria, what, where, how, who and why, timeframe and tools used for reporting. Data collected using various search engines and compiled to give complete information regarding the subject matter. The thorough understanding of current status of materiovigilance programme in India including challenges involved in the programme and future directions for improving has been stated. Case studies have been reviewed for Johnson & Johnson’s faulty hip implant and Medtronic premature battery depletion. Implementation of Materiovigilance programme of India (MvPI) version 1.1 lead to safeguard the health of device user by preventing recurrence and risk associated with medical device.
Cosmetics in US and India: Overview of Regulations and Registration process
Authors: Rampal Abhimanyu , Kanti S P Yamini
Published: February 2021

Cosmetics, for a long period of time have been used as beauty products for the care of body and face which eventually enhances a person’s appearance. These products are usually constituted from a mixture of different chemical compounds which are synthetic as well as organic in nature. For a long period of time, these products have not come under the ambit of regulatory authorities and have gone through the markets unchecked. The way a drug manufacturing and sale process is monitored by the regulatory authorities across the world, which includes careful monitoring of clinical trials, scrutinizing research results like safety, efficacy and quality of a drug has been avoided for a long period of time in case of parameters related to cosmetics. Some groups alleged that the industry practices are flawed, that there is little government regulation, and that cosmetics contain cancer-causing chemicals and other toxicants which are harmful for human body. Rules have certainly changed over time and major countries like India have started following guidelines while giving regulatory approval to cosmetics just like USA. The U.S. (FDA) functions include the banning and restriction of ingredients for safety purposes. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) which is an independent review board that critically evaluates chemical ingredients used in cosmetics and publishes results of its findings. Similarly in India, CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation) and DCGI (Drug Controller General Of India), both are responsible for evaluating the composition of cosmetic products and their safety while referring to a drafted set of guidelines known as BIS( Bureau of Indian standards) guidelines. The article focuses on various aspects considered by USA and India while giving regulatory approval to cosmetic products.
Understanding OECD Guidelines for QSAR Models-A Software development and harmonization strategy
Authors: Bayya Subba Rao
Published: February 2021

Post GATT era has turned towards harmonization processes not only relating to trade, services, and taxation but also towards research processes to some extent. The current guideline especially helps in developing software that helps end users of software in overcoming ambiguities and come to a faster acceptance of the research by the authority. The objective of harmonization is to minimize time, expenditure, experimental animals, scrutiny and approval processes. The current article is to know how the Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship research is made uniform for the research community by developing a policy/guideline as an international standard setting.
Donation of Contraceptive Products through Special Import Permits: A Case Study in Zambia and Nigeria
Authors: Stachowski Courtney , Magubane Noxolo , Tshikosi Mbavhalelo Jade , Robles Wilberto
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Securing a special import permit for the donation of an unregistered contraceptive product can be a viable option to import the product in an expedited manner. However, this process can be difficult due to varying country requirements and the availability of accurate and timely information.

Case description: This paper will explore the process for securing import permits for donated contraceptive products in Zambia and Nigeria, comparing national guidelines to applicant experiences and providing recommendations to future applicants.

Discussion and evaluation: In practice, application requirements and timelines for special import permits in Zambia and Nigeria differed from national guidelines. Despite these differences, special import permits can be secured more quickly than formal product registration, which is a slower but more sustainable solution.

Conclusion: Due to a lack of comprehensive and up-to-date guidelines online for some low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the regulatory community is encouraged to share their experiences with special import permit application processes.
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP): History, structure and its significance
Authors: Rampal Abhimanyu , Yamini Kanti S P
Published: February 2021

Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is set of guidelines enforced by USFDA under 21 CFR. Every Manufacturer of Food, Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals products, Medical Devices & Dietary products should follow these guidelines in order to be sure that their product is safe and effective to be put in the market and for use by general population. The parameters of GMP for different Categories may vary but there is only one aim & that is to prevent any kind of harm that can occur to the final user of the product.
A Review on Therapeutic Uses of Terpenoids
Authors: Bisht B. S. , Bankoti Harshita , Bharti Tanuja
Published: February 2021

Terpenes are a huge and assorted class of natural mixes, created by an assortment of plants, especially conifers, other plants and by some insects. Terpenes regularly have a solid smell and may ensure the plants that produce them by deterring herbivores and by pulling in hunters and parasites of herbivores. Terpene are the essential constituents of the basic oils of numerous kinds of plan Essential oils are utilized generally as aromas in perfumery and for example, fragrant healing. Manufactured varieties and subsidiaries of regular terpenes extraordinarily extend the assortment of fragrances utilized in perfumery and flavors utilized in food added substances.

Keywords: Terpene, Medicinal, Therapeutic.
Development of High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Quantitation of Gallic Acid in Normacid Syrup: A Poly Herbal Formulation
Authors: Shah Kinjal H , Makwana Rajeshree
Published: February 2021

Normacid syrup consisiting of 17 ingredients, used in the treatment of hyperacidity and gastritis. Gallic acid is one of the phytoconstituent present in Normacid syrup- a poly herbal formulation. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a HPTLC method for quantitative estimation of gallic acid in dried fruits used in formulations. This HPTLC method was found to be reproducible, accurate, precise and detect gallic acid at nanogram level. The developed HPTLC method would be an important tool in the quality control method of poly herbal formulation. 

Keywords: HPTLC, Polyherbal, Gallic acid, Gastritis
Mirabilis jalapa Flower Extract as Therapeutic Agent and Cellular Delivery by Nanoparticles
Authors: Rathi C R , Suresh S. N.
Published: February 2021

Bio friendly green modest syntheses of nanoparticles are the present research in the extremity of nanotechnology. This study has been undertaken to explore the determinants of iron nanoparticles from 1 mM FeSO4 solution through profuse concentration of aqueous flower extract of Mirabilis jalapa reducing besides immobilizing agent. The attribute of iron nanoparticles was studied by using UV-VIS spectroscopy SEM and XRD. The XRD spectrum of the iron nanoparticles established the presence of elemental copper signal. Green synthesized iron nanoparticle manifests the zone of inhibition against isolated human pathogenic (Streptococcus species, Bacillus species, Staphylococcus species, Klebsiella species and E. coli) bacteria. The analytical chassis contains the flower pigment betalain the natural food dye resources can efficiently use in the production of iron nanoparticle and it could be utilized in various fields in therapeutics and nanotechnology.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Mirabilis jalapa, UV-VIS spectroscopy, SEM- XRD.
Efficacy and Safety of 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonists (5-HT3 RAs) for The Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients: A Review
Authors: Nisaurrahmah Nisaurrahmah , Sri Oktavia , Ifora Ifora
Published: February 2021

Objective: This review provides an update review of the efficacy and safety of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in cancer patients.

Methods: The information was collected from electronic scientiﬁc search engines from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The publication dates covered were from 2010 to 2020. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who achieved a complete response (CR), complete control (CC), no nausea, no emesis, or no rescue medication.The secondary endpoint was the percentage of patients who experience constipation related to 5-HT RA constipation, headache, diarrhea, or dizziness, as well as changes in heart rhythm.

Results: Fourteen articles were identified. Palonosetron has the same effectiveness as granisetron as but more effective than ondansetron in the delayed phase and overall. Adverse effects that often occur due to the use of palonosetron, granisetron, and ondansetron are constipation and headache. Some of the articles also mentioned that palonosetron does not cause changes in heart rhythm but granisetron and ondansetron do cause changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) at certain doses.

Conclusion: Palonosetron has the same effectiveness as granisetron, and more effective than ondansetron in delayed, and overall phases. The use of palonosetron, granisetron, and ondansetron cause constipation and headaches at all doses, palonosetron does not cause ECG abnormalities whereas granisetron and ondansetron cause ECG changes.

Keywords: palonosetron, ondansetron, granisetron, 5-HT3 RAs, cancer, nausea, vomiting, CINV.
Assessment of Risk Factors and Management Associated with Preterm Deliveries and their Outcomes in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Susheela T. Lakshmi , Subbiah Meda. Venkata , Tabasum M. Ahamadi , Khan P. Amreen , Kumari M.V. Swetha , Kiranmai E.
Published: February 2021

Background: Preterm is a major obstetrical challenge of health care. It is the top most cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality of neonatal deaths. The births of these neonates are at a greater risk of developmental disabilities, health and growth problems than neonates of full term. Aim and objective: To assess the risk factors and management associated with preterm deliveries and their outcomes. Materials & Methods: “A prospective observational cohort study” was conducted over a period of 6 months on 80 Preterm subjects, who were enrolled based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed questionnaire was used to record socio-demographic, clinical profile and prescribing management. Statistical analysis was performed by percentage method using parameters like mean, standard deviation. Results: The impact of incidence range in the present study was 31.52%. Maximum preterm deliveries were observed in the age group of 18-23 years (44%). Multiparous woman was at more risk for preterm i.e., about 51%. The commonest risk factor for preterm was Anemia (45%) followed by Pre-eclampsia (24%). The treatment prescribed for preterm was Betamethasone, Tidilon, Magnesium sulphate, Progesterone. The commonest neonatal outcome was found to be low birth weight with KMC and supplements of vitamins, iron, calcium as a therapy for their better recovery. Conclusion: The study suggests an urgent need for strengthening effective guidelines and appropriate counselling for prevention of preterm. Maintenance of good hygiene, adequate   bed rest and proper antenatal care visits for the better outcomes.  Keywords: preterm, multiparous, risk factors, neonatal outcomes, antenatal care, cohort.
Impact of Digitalization in the Eye Strain during Covid-19 Lockdown Period: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Babu Johnson V. , Abraham Suja , Biju Minnu J. , Jose Joicy
Published: February 2021

Background: Over past few months due to COVID-19 lockdown, our society has been in indoor settings where the education, work and entertainment are through digital platform. This created an increase in rate of digital eye strain. Method & materials: An epidemiological observational study conducted during lockdown period among people of Kerala with a structured and validated questionnaire using Google form. People with age ≥ 18 years, using digital screen on continuous basis were included in the study.Inform consent were collected from the participants before the survey.The statistical analysis were done using SPSS software. Results and Discussions: A total of 584 were participated in the study where more than 86% reported at least one symptom. Smart phone and computer were the major platform used by participants mainly for learning and entertainment.31% of participants were continuously using digital screen for >2hours.One fourth of participants were using the screen for >9 hours and a 20% uses the screen in dark room or dim light for >5 hours. 66% had mild and 2.2% had severe symptoms.Headache was the common symptom found followed by eye pain and neck/shoulder/joint pain. Females were found to be more prone to develop CVS. Headache, eye redness, burning, etc. were correlated with duration of use. Conclusion: The digital screens demands high visual strain, much attention and care should be taken for vision problems and related issues.Since we are depending on digital screens for many of the daily activities, the information related to CVS and associated discomfort along with the prevention strategies should be explained by health professionals.

Keywords: Digital Eye Strain, Computer vision syndrome, Lockdown, COVID-19
Plate-Rich Plasma and its Utility in Clinical Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khare Saurabh , Dal Shruti Shrirang , Lingam Suresh , Veeramanikandan V , Balaji Paulraj , Hota Anil , Kannaiyan Jaianand
Published: February 2021

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product derived from whole blood through the process of density gradient centrifugation which contains a concentrated form of a large number of platelets in a small volume of plasma. PRP has a higher concentration of growth factors than whole blood. These growth factors promote natural healing. PRP is becoming more popular as a treatment option for a broad spectrum of medical disorders. PRP has been studied but has received less attention. The objective of this literature review was to focus on the utility of PRP on various medical conditions and, to consolidate the available evidence on PRP for the practicing dermatological conditions.

Keywords: Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma (P-PRP), Leukocyte-and Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP), Red - Platelet-Rich Plasma (R-PRP), Injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin (i-PRF), Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Platelet-poor plasma (PPP), Cytokines, Growth factors.
Hydrotropic Solubilization: An Emerging Approach
Authors: Kuchekar Ashwin Bhanudas , Gawade Ashwini , Boldhane Sanjay
Published: February 2021

Drug development plays an important role in patient safety and effectiveness. The therapeutic suitability of a new drug depends on the solubility. The solubility of the sparingly soluble drug remains a problem in identifying new active compounds. Solubility plays an important role in achieving optimal drug concentration. Low solubility is not only a concern for the production of formulations, but also an obstacle from the outset when identifying active chemicals for therapeutic purposes. Due to its simplicity in terms of ease of administration and economy, the oral route is the preferred route of drug administration over other routes. Effective aqueous solubility is the first prerequisite for oral medication, since low solubility has poor absorption and bioavailability and unpredictable toxicity of the gastrointestinal mucosa. To avoid these crises, different methodologies are used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, and hydrotropic solubilization is one of them. Hydrotropic agents have the potential to improve the solubility of water-insoluble drugs. In this review, we try to address hydrotropic solubilization methodologies. Keywords: Hydrotropy, Micelles, Solubility, Formulation.
Corona Viruses and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles
Authors: Babiker Nihad Elsadig , Gassoum Alsadig , Hamed Sawsan A. , Babiker Sara Elsadig , Fadl-Elmula Imad
Published: February 2021

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is consisted of cluster of genes known as human leukocyte antigen HLA, these genes are committed to process and present antigens to T lymphocyte. Corona viruses, belonging to a genus of the corona viridae family, are enveloped viruses containing single stranded RNA 27-32 kb. This study was conducted to highlight some observations that may help other researcher for rapid research advances; the new corona virus genome sequence was obtained from Virus pathogen database, the spike protein (surface glycoprotein)  was aligned with   SPIKE_CVHSA Spike glycoprotein OS=Human SARS coronavirus OX=694009 GN=S PE=1 SV=1 which was retrieved from Uniprot data base Distribution of HLA alleles was obtained from allele frequencies database, IEDB server was used for MHC 1 prediction. The distribution of HLA-A alleles among population revealed that, the most common wasHLA-A*11:01. The affinity prediction of HLA-A*03:01(AAAYFVGYLK) and HLA-A*11:01(AAYFVGYLK) alleles to the spike peptide were positive.  The two positive predicted peptides for both 2 alleles showed mutation of K245Q, This mutation may affect the binding affinity of the protein peptides to HLA-A alleles.

Keywords: HLA. MHC, alleles, Corona viruses, SARS, APS
Ilıman Bir Türkiye Nehir Havzasında Dere Su Kalitesinin Çok Değişkenli Analiz ve Biyolojik Yaklaşımlarla Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Taş Beyhan , Yılmaz Özlem , Ustaoğlu Fikret
Published: February 2021

Bentik algler indikatör türler içerir. Özellikle lotik ekosistemlerin ekolojik yapısının belirlenmesinde çok iyi bir göstergedir. Günümüzde insan faaliyetleri sular üzerinde birçok baskı oluşturmuştur, bunlardan besin zenginleştirmesi ekolojik durumu değiştiren en önemli su kalitesi sorunudur. Bu çalışmada Doğu Karadeniz Havzası içinde yer alan Elekçi Deresi’nin fiziko-kimyasal ve biyolojik (bentik diyatomeler) özelliklerinin ve su kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bir yıl boyunca aylık olarak üç farklı lokalitede örnekleme yapılmıştır. Yirmi farklı su parametresinin analizi zamansal ve mekânsal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği’ne göre akarsuyun su kalite sınıfı belirlenmiştir. Çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizler, su kalite indeksi (WQI), çeşitlilik indeksleri, klorofil-a, Palmer’ın pollusyon indeksi ve baskın cins skorları kullanılarak suyun trofik düzeyi ve su kalitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Yıllık ortalama değerlere göre, Elekçi Deresi amonyum azotu ve toplam fosfor parametreleri bakımından II. sınıf, serbest klor hariç (IV. sınıf) diğer su kalite parametreleri bakımından I. sınıftır. Elekçi Deresi’ndeki WQI değeri su kalite özelliğinin “mükemmel” olduğunu göstermiştir. Faktör analizinde, birinci faktöre göre nütrient elementleri su kalitesindeki değişikliklerden sorumludur. Diğer faktörlerdeki bileşenler jeolojik yapıdan ve klimatik faktörlerden oluşmaktadır. Elekçi Deresi’nde toplam 93 bentik diyatome taksonu tanımlanmıştır. Navicula, Nitzschia, Cymbella ve Gomphonema en fazla kaydedilen taksonlardır. Cocconeis placentula var. euglypta, Gomphonema truncatum, Navicula lanceolata, N. tripunctata ve Nitzschia palea tüm istasyonlarda her mevsim bulunmuştur. Shannon ve Simpson çeşitlilik indeksi analiz sonuçlarına göre Elekçi Deresi “zayıf” düzeyde çeşitliliğe sahiptir, kirlilik düzeyi ise “orta”dır. Nemli subtropikal iklim bölgesinde bulunan Elekçi Deresi düzensiz rejimli bir akarsudur. Çevresel ve klimatik faktörler derenin diyatome komünitesini doğrudan etkilemiştir. Pollusyon indeksi sonucu çok hafif organik kirlilik tespit edilmiştir. Klorofil-a konsantrasyonuna göre derede ötrofikasyon riski yoktur. Dominant alg taksonlarının skor değerleri Elekçi Deresi’nin trofik seviyesinin “mezotrofik/mezo-ötrofik”, su kalitesinin “orta/orta-kirli” olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel sonuçlar, Elekçi Deresi’nin akış yönünde antropojenik faaliyetlerle ilişkilendirilebilen çeşitli kaynaklardan gelen kirleticilerle kontamine olduğunu ve diyatome çeşitliliğinin bu durumdan etkilendiğini göstermiştir.
In vitro Antiparasitic Activity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Bulb and Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel Against Monogenean Fish Parasite., Dactylogyrus sp.
Authors: Phan Van Quyet , Harmanşa Yılmaz Bilgenur , Yavuzcan Hijran
Published: February 2021

The Monogenean parasite, Dactylogyrus sp., is being considered as one of the most dangerous pathogens in freshwater fish with a high infestation in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The treatment of parasites including Monogeneans is an important part of fish health maintenance in the overall cycle of aquaculture. Novel applications of natural plant products to eradicate the parasites have taken high attention in aquaculture since they are reported to have less adverse impacts on the environment and fish in comparison to other chemical treatments. In the present study, in vitro antiparasitic effects of the ginger (Zingiber officinale) bulb and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel against Dactylogyrus sp. were investigated by using in vitro tests. Individuals of the parasite were exposed to different concentrations of ginger (10, 50, 100, and 250 mg/ml) and pomegranate peel (50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/ml) for a specified period. In vitro cumulative mortality values reached 100% in 5 minutes after exposure to ginger at the concentration of 250 mg/ml in 9 minutes after exposure to 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. Cumulative mortality was 58% in 9 minutes after exposure to ginger at the concentration of 10 mg/ml. In in vitro pomegranate tests, cumulative mortality values were assessed 100% in 3 minutes after exposure to pomegranate peel at the concentration of 500 mg/ml and in 6 minutes after exposure to 250 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml. Cumulative mortality was 66% in 6 minutes after exposure to pomegranate peel at the concentration of 50 mg/ml. In vitro results revealed that ginger and pomegranate peel solutions had antiparasitic effects on Dactylogyrus sp. to some degree, depending on solution concentration and exposure time. The efficacy of the ginger and pomegranate peel solutions against Monogeneans should be confirmed in fish through in vivo tests.
Food Composition of the Whiting, Merlangius merlangus in the South-eastern Coast of the Black Sea
Authors: Demir Necati , Balık İsmet
Published: February 2021

In this study, the food composition of whiting, Merlangius merlangus, from the South-eastern coasts of the Black Sea was seasonally investigated. With this aim, stomach contents of 762 specimens, the total length of 12.7-18.6 cm, and the body weight of 17-56.5 g, collected between September 2016 and August 2017 were analyzed. It was determined that 75.7% (577 stomachs) of the stomachs examined were empty. The percentage of empty stomachs didn’t show seasonal variation with maximal occurrence in autumn (76.9%) and minimal in winter (74.5%). The prey items identified macroscopically in the stomachs were horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus, anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus, whiting, Merlangius merlangus, sprat, Sprattus sprattus, goby, Gobius sp. from fish species and Gastrapod from Mollusca. Horse mackerel was the most important ingested prey (IRI%=43.2), followed by anchovy (IRI%=32.0) and whiting (IRI%=19.3). In the diet of the whiting, the sprat and the goby were less important than other fish species. The most important food was horse mackerel in the spring and summer seasons, while it was anchovy in the autumn and winter seasons. Cannibalism was the highest (F%=25) in the spring period and followed by summer (F%=23.8), autumn (F%=21.6) and winter (F%=16.2), respectively. It was determined that whiting consumed individuals of their species as food, up to 37.6% of their length and 11.2% of their weight.
Effect of Dietary Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) Supplementation on Non-Specific Immune Response and Hematology of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Resistance Against Vibrio anguillarum
Authors: Diler Öznur , Özil Öznur , Diler İbrahim , Doguc Duygu , Diler Abdullah , Çelik Seda
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit powder in different concentrations as feed additives on non-specific immune response, hematology, and the disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (35.67±0.88 g) were fed with experimental diets (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 g kg-1) at four different concentration. There were no significant differences between groups fed with sumac fruit powder and control group by the mean of red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), differential leukocytes count (monocyte, lymphocyte, and neutrophile), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), cell hemoglobin (MCH pg), cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC %), cell hemoglobin volume (MCV µm3) and plasma lysozyme, Immunoglobulin M (IgM), total protein level on the 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of feeding, fish were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum and cumulative mortality was recorded over 21 days. Dietary administration of 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 g kg−1 sumac fruit powder significantly increased fish survival rate (p<0.05). The 10.0 g kg−1 diet received fish showed no mortality post challenged with V. anguillarum. These results showed that the sumac fruit powder improved disease resistance when added to the rainbow trout diet
Ecological Requirements of Larval Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) Species of some Streams in Camili Valley (Artvin, Turkey)
Authors: Başören Özge , Kazancı Nilgün
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out in July 2016 in Camili (Macahel) which is Turkey's first and only biosphere reserve area. The aims of this study were to investigate the Simuliidae species of some streams in Camili Valley, to identify the “reference site” which are important for Water Framework Directive (WFD), to determine ecological characteristics of the studied sites according to System A and System B Classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD), to explore the relationship between the recorded species and some environmental variables of streams by using CCA technique. For this purpose, 257 individuals of Simuliidae were sampled from nine studied sites. Physicochemical variables (dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity, velocity) were measured at each studied site. In Camili Valley the following species were collected: Simulium (Nevermannia) angustitarse, Simulium (Nevermannia) cryophilum, Simulium (Nevermannia) vernum, Simulium (Simulium) bezzii, Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum, Simulium (Simulium) variegatum. Because anthropogenic stresses were insignificant in the research area, studied sites and Simuliidae fauna of the area were not affected negatively. Also, six of studied sites have reference habitat conditions.
Effect of Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) From Polluted Areas on Hepatotoicity in Rats by Immunuhistochemical Method
Authors: Çakına Suat , İrkin Latife Ceyda , Özdemir İlhan , Öztürk Şamil
Published: February 2021

Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) are aquatic organisms that can accumulate all the factors that pollute the fresh and saltwater environment. Although the Dardanelles has been exposed to environmental pollution for many years, it is also an important region for crustaceans. We aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the liver parenchyma which is an important gland of the digestive system by feeding these mussels to rats. Twenty-four male Wistar albino were used in the study. The first group (control): fed with standard rat feed, the second group (experiment 1): 4/5 mussel + 1/5 standard rat feed daily; third group (experiment 2): 4/5 mussel + 1/5 standard rat feed every other day, the fourth group (experiment 3): groups were formed with 4/5 mussel + 1/5 standard rat feed every three days. All liver tissue samples taken from the experimental and control groups were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and immuohitochemically staining inflammatory marker TNF-α and NF-κB after routine histopathological follow-up and analyzed with a light microscope image analysis system. It was observed that mononuclear cells caused inflammation of portal areas, increased sinusoidal dilatation and congestion and degeneration due to vacuolization in hepatocytes in the liver parenchyma of mussel-fed rats. Besides, immunohistochemical staining, TNF-α, and NF-κB immunoreactivity were observed in the liver cells of especially in the second group of rats. As a result, it has been shown that the consumption of mussels obtained and marketed without considering environmental pollution may trigger important digestive system organs of liver diseases.
Effects of Dietary Natural Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on Growth and Some Blood Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Onchorynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)
Authors: Tekeşoğlu Haluk , Ergün Sebahattin
Published: February 2021

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) to juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) diets about growth performance and some biochemical blood parameters. The experimental system was designed as a semi-recirculating aquaculture system and 20 rainbow trouts which weigh 7.91±0.03 g distributed randomly for each tank (300 L). Fish were fed to apparent satiation with diets containing 45% crude protein and 14% crude fat for 70 days which included no zeolite (Control), 0.5% zeolite (Z05), 1% zeolite (Z1), 2.5% zeolite (Z25) in triplicate. Finally, blood samples were collected from all fish tanks to analyze some biochemical blood parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL. At the end of the experiment, Z25 group showed negative results in final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (p<0.05). Although Z05 group showed no significant difference, it showed the best results in final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion rate, and protein efficiency. In terms of blood parameters, all the groups had similar values with no significance (p>0.05) compared to the control group. As a result, there was a tendency towards decreased growth and feed utilization due to the addition of zeolite higher than 1% in diets. It could be concluded that limited usage of clinoptilolite in rainbow trout diets might have beneficial effects on growth parameters.