bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological Calendars, Food Sovereignty, and Climate Adaptation in Standing Rock
Authors: Ruelle Morgan L. , Skye Aubrey Joshua , Collins Evan , Kassam Karim‐Aly S.
Published: December 2022

Indigenous food sovereignty relies on ecological knowledge of plants and animals, including knowledge related to their development and behavior through the seasons. In the context of anthropogenic climate change, ecological calendars based on Indigenous knowledge may enable communities to anticipate seasonal phenomena. We conducted research with communities in the Standing Rock Nation (North and South Dakota, USA) to develop ecological calendars based on their ecological knowledge. We present ecological calendars developed in seven communities through a series of workshops and interviews. These calendars are rich with knowledge about temporal relations within each community's ecosystem, including the use of plants and animals as seasonal indicators and cues for food system activities. However, the calendars also reveal the impacts of cultural genocide wrought by the United States government in its efforts to colonize the lands and minds of Indigenous communities. Given the diversity of knowledge among Standing Rock communities, we identify opportunities for knowledge exchange to revitalize ecological relations at the heart of food sovereignty. We highlight the potential for ecological calendars to facilitate climate adaptation by enabling communities to synchronize their food systems with an increasingly variable climate.
Impacts of GIC on the New Zealand Gas Pipeline Network
Authors: Ingham M. , Divett T. , Rodger C. J. , Sigley M.
Published: December 2022

Geomagnetically induced currents produced during geomagnetic storms present a potential risk to gas pipeline systems by disturbing the cathodic protection (CP) systems used to protect the pipeline from corrosion. In this study we look at CP monitoring data from a number of sites on the gas pipeline network in the North Island of New Zealand. We focus on variations during geomagnetic storms in three aspects of the CP system: (a) the output voltage of the constant current rectifiers, (b) the potential between the pipe and a Cu/CuSO4 reference cell, and (c) the potential between an installed metal coupon and the reference cell. The industry standard for suitable CP is that the latter potential should lie between −0.85 and −1.2 V when the rectifier is momentarily turned off. Three monitoring sites in particular are identified as showing very large variations in rectifier output voltage during geomagnetic storms, suggesting a possible risk to the system at these sites. Additionally, one of the three sites has coupon potentials which appear to rise above the −0.85 V level. Magnetotelluric impedance data are used to assess how effects at the monitoring sites relate to the magnitude and direction of induced electric fields. It clear that the response at any monitoring site is related to effects on the pipeline network as a whole. We also note the risks of disbonding and hydrogen induced cracking, issues we do not believe have been widely recognized in the research community.
Clinical assessment of children with long COVID syndrome
Authors: Garai Réka , Krivácsy Péter , Herczeg Vivien , Kovács Fanni , Tél Bálint , Kelemen Judit , Máthé Anna , Zsáry Eszter , Takács Johanna , Veres Dániel Sándor , Szabó Attila J.
Published: December 2022

Background

There is a need for further understanding pediatric long COVID syndrome (LCS) to be able to create specific case definitions and guidelines for providing good clinical care.

Methods

Medical records of all LCS patients who presented at our designated LC clinic were collected. We carried out descriptive analyses summarizing the history, clinical presentation, and findings of children, while doing a diagnosis of exclusion with multi-disciplinary medical examinations (physical, laboratory, and radiological examinations, specialist consultations, etc.) without a control group.

Results

Most children reported at least minor impairment to their quality of life, of which 17 (23%) had moderate or severe difficulties. Findings that could be directly connected to the linked complaint category were observed in an average of 18%, respiratory symptoms with objective alterations being the most frequent (37%). Despite our detecting mostly non-specific conditions, in a smaller number we identified well-described causes such as autoimmune thyroiditis (7%).

Conclusions

The majority of children stated an impairment in their quality of life, while symptom-related conditions were detected only in a minority. Controlled studies are needed to separate the effect of the pandemic era from the infection itself. Evidence-based pediatric guidelines could aid to rationalize the list of recommended examinations.

Impact

Long COVID syndrome is a complex entity with a great impact on children’s everyday lives. Still, there is no clear guidance for pediatric clinical management. Systematic, detailed studies with medical assessment findings could aid the process of creating evidence-based guidelines.

We present validated systematic information collected during in-person medical assessments with detailed medical findings and quality of life changes.

While making a diagnosis of exclusion, we could confirm symptom-related conditions only in a minority of children; however, the majority reported at least minor impairment to their quality of life.
Differential association of antioxidative defense genes with white matter integrity in youth bipolar disorder
Authors: Zou Yi , Grigorian Anahit , Kennedy Kody G. , Zai Clement C. , Shao Suyi , Kennedy James L. , Andreazza Ana C. , Ameis Stephanie H. , Heyn Chinthaka , Maclntosh Bradley J. , Goldstein Benjamin I.
Published: December 2022

Oxidative stress is associated with white matter diffusion metrics in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). We examined the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the oxidative stress system, superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) rs4880 and glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX3) rs3792797 with fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD) in youth with BD. Participants included 104 youth (age 17.5 ± 1.7 years; 58 BD, 46 healthy controls). Saliva samples were obtained for genotyping, and diffusion tensor imaging was acquired. Voxel-wise whole-brain white matter diffusion analyses controlled for age, sex, and race. There were significant diagnosis-by-SOD2 rs4880 interaction effects for FA and RD in major white matter tracts. Within BD, the group with two copies of the G-allele (GG) showed lower FA and higher RD than A-allele carriers. Whereas within the control group, the GG group showed higher FA and lower RD than A-allele carriers. Additionally, FA was higher and RD was lower within the control GG group compared to the BD GG group. No significant findings were observed for GPX3 rs3793797. The current study revealed that, within matter tracts known to differ in BD, associations of SOD2 rs4880 GG genotype with both FA and RD differed between BD vs healthy control youth. The SOD2 enzyme encoded by the G-allele, has higher antioxidant capacity than the enzyme encoded by the A-allele. We speculate that the current findings of lower FA and higher RD of the BD GG group compared to the other groups reflects attenuation of the salutary antioxidant effects of GG genotype on white matter integrity in youth with BD, in part due to predisposition to oxidative stress. Future studies incorporating other genetic markers and oxidative stress biomarkers are warranted.
Laminins in tumor-derived exosomes upregulated by ETS1 reprogram omental macrophages to promote omental metastasis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Haiyang , Zeng Cheng , Shu Chang , Cao Yuanyuan , Shao Wengui , Zhang Mengjie , Cao Hongyong , Zhao Shuli
Published: December 2022

Tumor-derived exosomes participate in omental metastatic colonization of ovarian cancer by inducing an adaptive response in the tumor microenvironment. However, cell–cell communication via exosomes between primary tumor cells and the microenvironment of distant omentum and the mechanism of pre-metastatic niche formation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that ETS1-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells secreted larger exosomes with higher laminin levels. In addition, ovarian cancer exosomes could be taken up by omental macrophages through integrin and laminin interaction. Compared with control exosomes, exosomes derived from ETS1-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells (LV-ETS1 Exos) stimulated the polarization of more macrophages toward the M2 phenotype (CD163 marker), as well as the production of more CXCL5 and CCL2 in macrophages, via integrin αvβ5/AKT/Sp1 signaling. In vivo experiments showed that LV-ETS1 Exos promoted omental metastasis of ovarian cancer by mediating the tumor-promoting effect of macrophages, which could be neutralized by integrin ανβ5 inhibitor cilengitide. These results indicated that ETS1 could drive ovarian cancer cells to release exosomes with higher laminin levels, thereby accelerating the exosome-mediated pro-metastatic effects of omental macrophages via the integrin αvβ5/AKT/Sp1 signaling pathway, and the integrin ανβ5 inhibitor cilengitide could inhibit omental metastasis of ovarian cancer driven by tumor-derived exosomes.
Coherent interaction-free detection of microwave pulses with a superconducting circuit
Authors: Dogra Shruti , McCord John J. , Paraoanu Gheorghe Sorin
Published: December 2022

The interaction-free measurement is a fundamental quantum effect whereby the presence of a photosensitive object is determined without irreversible photon absorption. Here we propose the concept of coherent interaction-free detection and demonstrate it experimentally using a three-level superconducting transmon circuit. In contrast to standard interaction-free measurement setups, where the dynamics involves a series of projection operations, our protocol employs a fully coherent evolution that results, surprisingly, in a higher probability of success. We show that it is possible to ascertain the presence of a microwave pulse resonant with the second transition of the transmon, while at the same time avoid exciting the device onto the third level. Experimentally, this is done by using a series of Ramsey microwave pulses coupled into the first transition and monitoring the ground-state population.
Phosphoproteomic analysis of neoadjuvant breast cancer suggests that increased sensitivity to paclitaxel is driven by CDK4 and filamin A
Authors: Mouron S. , Bueno M. J. , Lluch A. , Manso L. , Calvo I. , Cortes J. , Garcia-Saenz J. A. , Gil-Gil M. , Martinez-Janez N. , Apala J. V. , Caleiras E. , Ximénez-Embún Pilar , Muñoz J. , Gonzalez-Cortijo L. , Murillo R. , Sánchez-Bayona R. , Cejalvo J. M. , Gómez-López G. , Fustero-Torre C. , Sabroso-Lasa S. , Malats N. , Martinez M. , Moreno A. , Megias D. , Malumbres M. , Colomer R. , Quintela-Fandino M.
Published: December 2022

Precision oncology research is challenging outside the contexts of oncogenic addiction and/or targeted therapies. We previously showed that phosphoproteomics is a powerful approach to reveal patient subsets of interest characterized by the activity of a few kinases where the underlying genomics is complex. Here, we conduct a phosphoproteomic screening of samples from HER2-negative female breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant paclitaxel (N = 130), aiming to find candidate biomarkers of paclitaxel sensitivity. Filtering 11 candidate biomarkers through 2 independent patient sets (N = 218) allowed the identification of a subgroup of patients characterized by high levels of CDK4 and filamin-A who had a 90% chance of achieving a pCR in response to paclitaxel. Mechanistically, CDK4 regulates filamin-A transcription, which in turn forms a complex with tubulin and CLIP-170, which elicits increased binding of paclitaxel to microtubules, microtubule acetylation and stabilization, and mitotic catastrophe. Thus, phosphoproteomics allows the identification of explainable factors for predicting response to paclitaxel.
Dynamic control of decision and movement speed in the human basal ganglia
Authors: Herz Damian M. , Bange Manuel , Gonzalez-Escamilla Gabriel , Auer Miriam , Ashkan Keyoumars , Fischer Petra , Tan Huiling , Bogacz Rafal , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Groppa Sergiu , Brown Peter
Published: December 2022

To optimally adjust our behavior to changing environments we need to both adjust the speed of our decisions and movements. Yet little is known about the extent to which these processes are controlled by common or separate mechanisms. Furthermore, while previous evidence from computational models and empirical studies suggests that the basal ganglia play an important role during adjustments of decision-making, it remains unclear how this is implemented. Leveraging the opportunity to directly access the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia in humans undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery, we here combine invasive electrophysiological recordings, electrical stimulation and computational modelling of perceptual decision-making. We demonstrate that, while similarities between subthalamic control of decision- and movement speed exist, the causal contribution of the subthalamic nucleus to these processes can be disentangled. Our results show that the basal ganglia independently control the speed of decisions and movement for each hemisphere during adaptive behavior.
Rossby wave second harmonic generation observed in the middle atmosphere
Authors: He Maosheng , Forbes Jeffrey M.
Published: December 2022

Second harmonic generation is the lowest-order wave-wave nonlinear interaction occurring in, e.g., optical, radio, and magnetohydrodynamic systems. As a prototype behavior of waves, second harmonic generation is used broadly, e.g., for doubling Laser frequency. Second harmonic generation of Rossby waves has long been believed to be a mechanism of high-frequency Rossby wave generation via cascade from low-frequency waves. Here, we report the observation of a Rossby wave second harmonic generation event in the atmosphere. We diagnose signatures of two transient waves at periods of 16 and 8 days in the terrestrial middle atmosphere, using meteor-radar wind observations over the European and Asian sectors during winter 2018–2019. Their temporal evolution, frequency and wavenumber relations, and phase couplings revealed by bicoherence and biphase analyses demonstrate that the 16-day signature is an atmospheric manifestation of a Rossby wave normal mode, and its second harmonic generation gives rise to the 8-day signature. Our finding confirms the theoretically-anticipated Rossby wave nonlinearity.
Identification of human progenitors of exhausted CD8+ T cells associated with elevated IFN-γ response in early phase of viral infection
Authors: Cai Curtis , Samir Jerome , Pirozyan Mehdi R. , Adikari Thiruni N. , Gupta Money , Leung Preston , Hughes Brendan , Van der Byl Willem , Rizzetto Simone , Elthala Auda , Keoshkerian Elizabeth , Palgen Jean-Louis , Peters Timothy , Nguyen Thi H. O. , Louie Raymond , Kedzierska Katherine , Gaudieri Silvana , Bull Rowena A. , Lloyd Andrew R. , Luciani Fabio
Published: December 2022

T cell exhaustion is a hallmark of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and limits protective immunity in chronic viral infections and cancer. Limited knowledge exists of the initial viral and immune dynamics that characterise exhaustion in humans. We studied longitudinal blood samples from a unique cohort of individuals with primary infection using single-cell multi-omics to identify the functions and phenotypes of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells. Early elevated IFN-γ response against the transmitted virus is associated with the rate of immune escape, larger clonal expansion, and early onset of exhaustion. Irrespective of disease outcome, we find heterogeneous subsets of progenitors of exhaustion, based on the level of PD-1 expression and loss of AP-1 transcription factors. Intra-clonal analysis shows distinct trajectories with multiple fates and evolutionary plasticity of precursor cells. These findings challenge the current paradigm on the contribution of CD8+ T cells to HCV disease outcome and provide data for future studies on T cell differentiation in human infections.
Superior cardiometabolic and cellular adaptive responses to multiple versus single daily sessions of high-intensity interval training in Wistar rats
Authors: Mendes Bruno Ferreira , Costa-Pereira Liliane Vanessa , de Andrade Júllia Alves , Diniz Magalhães Caíque Olegário , de Pereira Ramona Ramalho Souza , Esteves Elizabethe Adriana , Cassilhas Ricardo Cardoso , Andrade Eric Francelino , Gripp Fernando , de Magalhães Flávio Castro , Honorato Sampaio Kinulpe , Amorim Fabiano Trigueiro , Dias-Peixoto Marco Fabrício
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to compare in rats the cardiometabolic and cellular adaptative responses to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed in a single (1xHIIT) or three shorter daily sessions (3xHIIT). Male Wistar rats were assigned to untrained (n = 10), 1xHIIT (n = 10), and 3xHIIT (n = 10) groups. Both HIIT groups performed 15 min of a treadmill run five times per week for 8 weeks. The 1xHIIT performed single daily sessions of 15 min, and the 3xHIIT performed three daily sessions of 5 min with an interval of 4 h between sessions. Resting VO2 and VO2max were measured using a metabolic chamber; blood pressure and heart rate were measured by plethysmography; body composition was estimated by DEXA; Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed; after euthanasia, hearts, gastrocnemius, and visceral fat were harvested for analysis of cardiac function, histology, and morphology. Mitochondrial densities of the gastrocnemius and left ventricle muscles were determined by electron microscopy. 3xHIIT induced similar positive adaptative responses to 1xHIIT on resting VO2 and VO2max, cardiac function, and mitochondria density. 3xHIIT was superior to 1xHIIT in reducing visceral fat weight and adipocyte size and improving insulin tolerance. Multiple short daily bouts of HIIT may be superior to single HIIT daily sessions in improving cardiometabolic and cellular adaptations in rats.
The effects of microglia on tauopathy progression can be quantified using Nexopathy in silico (Nexis) models
Authors: Anand Chaitali , Maia Pedro D. , Torok Justin , Mezias Christopher , Raj Ashish
Published: December 2022

The prion-like transsynaptic propagation of misfolded tau along the brain’s connectome has previously been modeled using connectome-based network diffusion models. In addition to the connectome, interactions between the general neurological “milieu” in the neurodegenerative brain and proteinopathic species can also contribute to pathology propagation. Such a molecular nexopathy framework posits that the distinct characteristics of neurodegenerative disorders stem from interactions between the network and surrounding molecular players. However, the effects of these modulators remain unquantified. Here, we present Nexopathy in silico (“Nexis”), a quantitative model of tau progression augmenting earlier models by including parameters of pathology propagation defined by the molecular modulators of connectome-based spread. Our Nexis:microglia model provides the first quantitative characterization of this effect on the whole brain by expanding previous models of neuropathology progression by incorporating microglial influence. We show that Trem2, but not microglial homeostasis genes, significantly improved the model’s predictive power. Trem2 appears to reduce tau accumulation rate while increasing its interregional spread from the hippocampal seed area, causing higher tau burden in the striatum, pallidum, and contralateral hippocampus. Nexis provides an improved understanding and quantification of microglial contribution to tau propagation and can be flexibly modified to include other modulators of progressive neurodegeneration.
Statistical modeling for Ree-Eyring nanofluid flow in a conical gap between porous rotating surfaces with entropy generation and Hall Effect
Authors: Rooman Muhammad , Shafiq Anum , Shah Zahir , Vrinceanu Narcisa , Deebani Wejdan , Shutaywi Meshal
Published: December 2022

The attention of the current study is on the flow of a non-Newtonian incompressible Cu-Water nanofluid flow. The water is assumed as base fluid, while copper is used as nanoparticles. The Ree-Eyring prototype describes the performance of non-Newtonian nanofluids. There is a conical gap that nanofluid flow fills among the plane disc and the cone's stationary/rotational porous faces. Additionally taken into account are heat, mass transfer, and entropy production. The given mathematical model is unique due to the effects of a vertically applied Hall Effect, Ohmic dissipation, viscous dissipation, and chemical processes. The Ree-Eyring fluid constitutive equations, as well as the cylindrical coordinates, have been interpreted. The model equations for motion, heat, and concentration can be changed in the collection of non-linear ODEs by employing the applicable similarity transform. This method allocates a couple of nonlinear ODEs relating to velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions. The shooting scheme (bvp4c technique) is used to solve these equations numerically. Statistical analysis like probable error, correlation, and regression are exploited. The probable error is estimated to compute the consistency of the calculated correlation features. The theoretical data is analyzed in both graphical and tabular forms. The modeled parameters like, magnetic number, porosity parameter, Eckert number, chemical reaction parameter, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoretic parameter, Schmidt number, Hall recent parameter, radiation parameter, and volume fraction are discussed in details graphically and theoretically. The outcomes indicate that the velocity components are greater for greater values of nanoparticle volume fraction and Weissenberg number, whereas for enormous values of magnetic and porosity parameters, the velocity components fall.
The application of a CART model for forensic human geolocation using stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes
Authors: Ueda Momoko , Bell Lynne S.
Published: December 2022

The utility of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis of human tissues for geolocation is an important area of study within forensic science. This study aimed to first validate the latitudinal relationship between stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in drinking water and human keratinous tissues through the analysis of human samples with known geographical origin. And secondly, to explore the use of classification and regression tree (CART) models to geographically classify individuals based on the stable isotope values of tissues themselves. Human hair and toenails were collected from four distinct study sites across Canada. The comparison of stable isotope values in drinking water and human tissues produced low R2 values indicating that linear models may not fully explain the variation observed for both hydrogen and oxygen values. Additionally, large intrapopulation variations were observed for Canadian cities and highlights the importance of understanding the regional isotopic spread of human values. Further, this study demonstrated that a closed group of unknown individuals known to have originated from a limited number of geographically distinct regions may be classified into their respective groups through the use of CART models. The potential for the CART model approach for human geolocation presents a promising new tool.
The volcanic activity changes occurred in the 2021–2022 at Vulcano island (Italy), inferred by the abrupt variations of soil CO2 output
Authors: Inguaggiato Salvatore , Vita Fabio , Diliberto Iole Serena , Inguaggiato Claudio , Mazot Agnes , Cangemi Marianna , Corrao Marco
Published: December 2022

The active cone of La Fossa is a close conduit volcano characterized by solphataric activity, manifested by discharging fluids through fumaroles and soil degassing. Since 1978 several degassing crises have been observed and interpreted as early signals of volcanic unrests. Recently, from June 2021 to May 2022, we measured the changes in soils CO2 release to evaluating the level and duration of the actual exhaling crises. The CO2 output has been evaluated by surveys carried out in anomalously degassing areas, located both in the La Fossa cone summit area and in other peripheral zones, coupled to near-real time monitoring data acquired by three automated stations. The strong and deep input of volatiles released from an underlying magma batch modified the chemical composition of the shallow plumbing system, bringing the system to a higher level of CO2 total pressure. This work highlights that a geochemical networks of stations, located at some distance from the fumaroles release and/or from eruptive conduits, is useful and can be applied to characterizing and monitoring any other active volcanic system. This type of studies can be useful to contribute to forecast the next evolution of the studied systems.
Novel theory of mind task demonstrates representation of minds in mental state inference
Authors: Long Emily L. , Cuve Hélio Clemente , Conway Jane Rebecca , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoffrey
Published: December 2022

Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to represent the mental states of oneself and others, is argued to be central to human social experience, and impairments in this ability are thought to underlie several psychiatric and developmental conditions. To examine the accuracy of mental state inferences, a novel ToM task was developed, requiring inferences to be made about the mental states of ‘Targets’, prior participants who took part in a videoed mock interview. Participants also made estimates of the Targets’ personality traits. These inferences were compared to ground-truth data, provided by the Targets, of their true traits and mental states. Results from 55 adult participants demonstrated that trait inferences were used to derive mental state inferences, and that the accuracy of trait estimates predicted the accuracy of mental state inferences. Moreover, the size and direction of the association between trait accuracy and mental state accuracy varied according to the trait—mental state combination. The accuracy of trait inferences was predicted by the accuracy of participants’ understanding of trait covariation at the population level. Findings are in accordance with the Mind-space theory, that representation of the Target mind is used in the inference of their mental states.
High-throughput primer design by scoring in piecewise logistic model for multiple polymerase chain reaction variants
Authors: Zeng Huaping , Chen Kexin , Ma Chouxian , Zhu Biyin , Chuan Jun , Zhang Shuan , Tang Lin , Yang Ting , Sun Zhaohui , Yang Xingkun , Wang Yu
Published: December 2022

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) variants requiring specific primer types are widely used in various PCR experiments, including generic PCR, inverse PCR, anchored PCR, and ARMS PCR. Few tools can be adapted for multiple PCR variants, and many tools select primers by filtration based on the given parameters, which result in frequent design failures. Here we introduce PrimerScore2, a robust high-throughput primer design tool that can design primers in one click for multiple PCR variants. It scores primers using a piecewise logistic model and the highest-scored primers are selected avoiding the issue of design failure and the necessity to loosen parameters to redesign, and it creatively evaluates specificity by predicting the efficiencies of all target/non-target products. To assess the prediction accuracy of the scores and efficiencies, two next generation sequencing (NGS) libraries were constructed—a 12-plex and a 57-plex—and the results showed that 17 out of 19 (89.5%) low-scoring pairs had a poor depth, 18 out of 19 (94.7%) high-scoring pairs had a high depth, and the depth ratios of the products were linearly correlated with the predicted efficiencies with a slope of 1.025 and a coefficient of determination (R2) 0.935. 116-plex and 114-plex anchored PCR panels designed by PrimerScore2 were applied to 26 maternal plasma samples with male fetuses, the results showed that the predicted fetal DNA fractions were concordant with fractions measured in gold standard method (Y fractions). PrimerScore2 was also used to design 77 monoplex Sanger sequencing primers, the sequencing results indicated that all the primers were effective.
The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter channel synergizes with fluid shear stress to induce mitochondrial Ca2+ oscillations
Authors: Patel Akshar , Simkulet Matthew , Maity Soumya , Venkatesan Manigandan , Matzavinos Anastasios , Madesh Muniswamy , Alevriadou B. Rita
Published: December 2022

The mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uniporter (MCU) channel is responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. Its expression was found to be upregulated in endothelial cells (ECs) under cardiovascular disease conditions. Since the role of MCU in regulating cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in ECs exposed to shear stress (SS) is unknown, we studied mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics (that is known to decode cytosolic Ca2+ signaling) in sheared ECs. To understand cause-and-effect, we ectopically expressed MCU in ECs. A higher percentage of MCU-transduced ECs exhibited mitochondrial Ca2+ transients/oscillations, and at higher frequency, under SS compared to sheared control ECs. Transients/oscillations correlated with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) flashes and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) flickers, and depended on activation of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). A positive feedback loop composed of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake/mROS flashes/ΔΨm flickers and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, in association with Piezo1 and eNOS, provided insights into the mechanism by which SS, under conditions of high MCU activity, may shape vascular EC energetics and function.
Characteristics of rhizosphere and endogenous bacterial community of Ulleung-sanmaneul, an endemic plant in Korea: application for alleviating salt stress
Authors: Dutta Swarnalee , Kim Yeong-Su , Lee Yong Hoon
Published: December 2022

Microbes influence plant growth and fitness. However, the structure and function of microbiomes associated with rare and endemic plants remain underexplored. To investigate the bacterial community structure of Ulleung-sanmaneul (U-SMN), an endemic plant in Korea, samples were collected from natural and cultivated habitats, and their 16S rDNA was sequenced. The root bacterial community structure differed from those of bulk soil and rhizosphere in both habitats. Endogenous bacteria in cultivated plants were less diverse than wild plants, but Luteibacter rhizovicinus, Pseudomonas fulva, and Sphingomonas pruni were shared. Co-inoculation of Pseudoxanthomonas sp. JBCE485 and Variovorax paradoxus JBCE486 promoted growth and induced salt stress resistance in Arabidopsis and chive. Changes in growth promotion and phenotypes of plants by co-inoculation were mediated by increased auxin production. Each strain colonized the roots without niche competition. The results indicated that host selectivity was influential than environmental factors in formulating endophytic bacterial composition, and domestication simplified the bacterial community diversity. Our results will contribute to the growth and maintenance of endemic U-SMN plants.
Physiological responses and antioxidant properties of coriander plants (Coriandrum sativum L.) under different light intensities of red and blue lights
Authors: Lin Hsin-Hung , Lin Kuan-Hung , Yang Meei-Ju , Nguyen Hoang Chinh , Wang Huei-Ju , Huang Han-Xuang , Huang Meng-Yuan
Published: December 2022

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) contains abundant antioxidants and essential oils which can provide antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities in the pharmaceutical, health and food production industry. To improve the economic values of coriander, the relationships between optimal light treatments for maximizing both plant growth and the antioxidant and essential oil content of coriander leaves need to be determined. Plants were exposed to five light-emitting diodes spectral color mixtures, high blue light (BL) intensity induced the levels of reducing power response. The light treatments were then adjusted for the analysis of secondary metabolite compounds of coriander leaves. Among 30 identified compounds, the amounts of decamethyl-cyclopentasiloxane and dodecane were significantly reduced in the R80 + G50 + B50 condition, whereas dodecamethyl-cyclohexasiloxane level was significantly reduced in R50 + G50 + B80 condition. Various light quality and intensity combinations influenced the accumulations of chlorophyll and phytochemical contents, mediated antioxidative properties, and secondary metabolites of coriander leaves, which may be useful in developing a new LED lighting apparatus optimized for coriander production in plant factories.
Computing Shor’s algorithmic steps with interference patterns of classical light
Authors: Wang Wei , You Ziyang , Wang Shuangpeng , Tang Zikang , Ian Hou
Published: December 2022

When considered as orthogonal bases in distinct vector spaces, the unit vectors of polarization directions and the Laguerre–Gaussian modes of polarization amplitude are inseparable, constituting a so-called classical entangled light beam. Equating this classical entanglement to quantum entanglement necessary for computing purpose, we show that the parallelism featured in Shor’s factoring algorithm is equivalent to the concurrent light-path propagation of an entangled beam or pulse train. A gedanken experiment is proposed for executing the key algorithmic steps of modular exponentiation and Fourier transform on a target integerNusing only classical manipulations on the amplitudes and polarization directions. The multiplicative order associated with the sought-after integer factors is identified through a four-hole diffraction interference from sources obtained from the entangled beam profile. The unique mapping from the fringe patterns to the computed order is demonstrated through simulations for the case$$N=15$$N=15.
Npp1 prevents external tooth root resorption by regulation of cervical cementum integrity
Authors: Choi Hwajung , Yang Liu , Liu Yudong , Jeong Ju-Kyung , Cho Eui-Sic
Published: December 2022

Tooth roots embedded in the alveolar bone do not typically undergo resorption while the bone continues remodeling in its physiological state. In this study, we analyzed genetically modified mice with the functional inactivation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase 1 (Npp1), encoded by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1). This mutation leads to the formation of ectopic cervical cementum vulnerable to external tooth root resorption. Cementoblasts with the inactivation of Enpp1 extensively expressed non-collagenous matrix proteins enriched with bone sialoprotein (Bsp), dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), and osteopontin (Opn), which have roles in mineralization through nucleation and in cell adhesion through the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. In cementoblasts with the inactivation of Enpp1, β-catenin was significantly activated and induced the expression of these non-collagenous matrix proteins. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the most preferred substrate of Npp1, accumulated extracellularly and autocrinally induced the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (Rankl) in cementoblasts with inactivated Npp1. Consequently, these results strongly suggest that functional Npp1 preserves cervical cementum integrity and supports the anti-resorptive properties of tooth roots through ATP homeostasis in the physiological state of cervical cementum.
Membrane-mediated interaction of non-conventional snake three-finger toxins with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Shenkarev Zakhar O. , Chesnokov Yuri M. , Zaigraev Maxim M. , Chugunov Anton O. , Kulbatskii Dmitrii S. , Kocharovskaya Milita V. , Paramonov Alexander S. , Bychkov Maxim L. , Shulepko Mikhail A. , Nolde Dmitry E. , Kamyshinsky Roman A. , Yablokov Evgeniy O. , Ivanov Alexey S. , Kirpichnikov Mikhail P. , Lyukmanova Ekaterina N.
Published: December 2022

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of α7 type (α7-nAChR) presented in the nervous and immune systems and epithelium is a promising therapeutic target for cognitive disfunctions and cancer treatment. Weak toxin from Naja kaouthia venom (WTX) is a non-conventional three-finger neurotoxin, targeting α7-nAChR with weak affinity. There are no data on interaction mode of non-conventional neurotoxins with nAChRs. Using α-bungarotoxin (classical three-finger neurotoxin with high affinity to α7-nAChR), we showed applicability of cryo-EM to study complexes of α7-nAChR extracellular ligand-binding domain (α7-ECD) with toxins. Using cryo-EM structure of the α7-ECD/WTX complex, together with NMR data on membrane active site in the WTX molecule and mutagenesis data, we reconstruct the structure of α7-nAChR/WTX complex in the membrane environment. WTX interacts at the entrance to the orthosteric site located at the receptor intersubunit interface and simultaneously forms the contacts with the membrane surface. WTX interaction mode with α7-nAChR significantly differs from α-bungarotoxin’s one, which does not contact the membrane. Our study reveals the important role of the membrane for interaction of non-conventional neurotoxins with the nicotinic receptors.
A dinuclear Co(iii)/Co(ii) complex based on the H2pmide ligand showing field-induced SMM behaviour
Authors: Cabrosi Daiana , Cruz Carlos , Paredes-García Verónica , Alborés Pablo
Published: December 2022

We report a combined computational and experimental study of the field-induced SMM behaviour of a Co(ii)/Co(iii) dinuclear complex with a pair-like H-bond intermolecular interaction.
Orally administered octacosanol improves liver insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice through the reconstruction of the gut microbiota structure and inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway
Authors: Ding Yin-Yi , Fang Yumeng , Pan Yuxiang , Lan Jinchi , Xu Tao , Zhang Wanyue , Mao Huijuan , Gu Zhenyu , Chen Xi , Shen Qing
Published: December 2022

1-Octacosanol improves liver insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice through the reconstruction of the gut microbiota structure and inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
Galactooligosaccharides ameliorate dietary advanced glycation end product-induced intestinal barrier damage in C57BL/6 mice by modulation of the intestinal microbiome
Authors: Nie Chenxi , Xie Xiaoqing , Liu Huicui , Yuan Xiaojin , Ma Qingyu , Tu Aobai , Zhang Min , Chen Zhifei , Li Juxiu
Published: December 2022

Galactooligosaccharides supplementation ameliorated dvanced glycation end products-induced intestinal barrier damage.
Eucommia ulmoides male flower as a remarkable edible floral resource exerts lifespan/healthspan-promoting effects on Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chen Qi , Yang Xuan , Capanoglu Esra , Amrouche Amel Thanina , Wu Lipeng , Luo Jingyang , Zhu Yuhang , Wang Yixuan , Jiang Xiongtao , Zhang Dayong , Lu Baiyi
Published: December 2022

We highlighted the potential of edible flowers as a valuable dietary resource for healthy aging. And we reported the in vivo lifespan/healthspan-promoting activity and related mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides male flower and iridoids.
Daidzein ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis in rats
Authors: Wu Jinxia , Li Kexue , Liu Yan , Feng Ailu , Liu Chunyang , Adu-Amankwaah Joseph , Ji Miaojin , Ma Yanhong , Hao Yanling , Bu Huimin , Sun Hong
Published: December 2022

Doxorubicin (Dox) is a classical antitumor antibiotic widely restricted for use due to its cardiotoxicity.
Point-of-care nucleic acid tests: assays and devices
Authors: Wilner Ofer I. , Yesodi Doron , Weizmann Yossi
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for accurate, quick, and portable diagnostic devices at the point of care. First, we reviewed the history of nucleic acid diagnostics, its current state, and an outlook for future developments.
Correction: Redox-controlled conductance of polyoxometalate molecular junctions
Authors: Huez Cécile , Guérin David , Lenfant Stéphane , Volatron Florence , Calame Michel , Perrin Mickael L. , Proust Anna , Vuillaume Dominique
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Redox-controlled conductance of polyoxometalate molecular junctions’ by Cécile Huez et al., Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 13790–13800, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR03457C.
Selective access to fused tetrahydroquinolines via a copper-catalysed oxidative three-component annulation reaction
Authors: Duan Peng , Sun Jialu , Zhu Zhibo , Zhang Min
Published: December 2022

Through a copper-catalyzed oxidative three-component annulation reaction, a new method for direct and syn-selective construction of cyclic ether-fused tetrahydroquinolines from readily available feedstock was demonstrated.
How does the polymer architecture and position of cationic charges affect cell viability?
Authors: Correia Joana S. , Mirón-Barroso Sofía , Hutchings Charlotte , Ottaviani Silvia , Somuncuoğlu Birsen , Castellano Leandro , Porter Alexandra E. , Krell Jonathan , Georgiou Theoni K.
Published: December 2022

Effect of the position of the cationic charges on the polymer chains on cytotoxicity.
Molecular structure effects on the mechanisms of corrosion protection of model epoxy coatings on metals
Authors: Kotb Yosra , Serfass Christopher M. , Cagnard Alain , Houston Katelyn R. , Khan Saad A. , Hsiao Lilian C. , Velev Orlin D.
Published: December 2022

We investigate the role of the polymer network structure on the corrosion protection efficiency of thermoset epoxy coatings on metals as a prerequisite for the future design of safer alternatives to bisphenol A-based epoxy resins.
Metal–organic frameworks-based biosensor for microRNA detection in prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Ahmadi Najafabadi Milad , Yousefi Fatemeh , Rasaee Mohammad J. , Soleimani Masoud , Kazemzad Mahmood
Published: December 2022

A novel FAM-Probe based on a nano metal–organic framework was functionalized with folate and applied to detect the intracellular miR-21 in prostate cancer cells. Upon the interaction of the probe with complementary miRNA, the fluorescence intensity can be recovered.
Porous zinc-discs as nanocatalysts for methylene blue dye treatment in water: sensing, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Devi Sarita , Aarushi  , Tyagi Sachin
Published: December 2022

Herein, we demonstrate multiutility zinc-based porous disc particles as a nano-catalyst, for highly sensitive detection, adsorption, and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue up to ∼95% MB within 70 min of ultra-violet irradiation treatment.
Discriminating sensing of explosive molecules using graphene–boron nitride–graphene heteronanosheets
Authors: Algharagholy Laith A. , Al-Galiby Qusiy H. , Al-Backri Amaal A. , Sadeghi Hatef , Wabdan Ahmed A.
Published: December 2022

Graphene–boron nitride–graphene (h-NSHs) heterostructures can be used for discriminate sensing of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PENT), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) molecules.
Core–shell fibremats comprising a poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH nanofibre core and nylon6 shell layer are an attractive immobilization platform for constructing immobilised enzymes
Authors: Ishiguro Taira , Obata Akiko , Nagata Kenji , Kasuga Toshihiro , Mizuno Toshihisa
Published: December 2022

Core–shell fibremats, comprising poly(AM/DAAM)/ADH core-nanofibres and hydrophobic shell layers, are a new class of attractive platform for constructing various immobilised enzymes.
Packing and emergence of the ordering of rods in a spherical monolayer
Authors: Rajendra Dharanish , Mandal Jaydeep , Hatwalne Yashodhan , Maiti Prabal K.
Published: December 2022

Spatially ordered systems confined to surfaces such as spheres exhibit interesting topological structures because of curvature induced frustration in orientational and translational order.
Modeling the viscoelastic relaxation dynamics of soft particles via molecular dynamics simulation-informed multi-dimensional transition-state theory
Authors: Lin Shangchao , Zhao Lingling , Liu Shuai , Wang Yang , Fu Ge
Published: December 2022

A multi-dimensional transition kinetics model, combining particle dissociation and association kinetics, fractal dimension, and neighbor particle structure, is developed to model the viscoelastic relaxation time of a Lennard-Jones soft particle system.
The coagulant dipping process of nitrile latex: investigations of former motion effects and coagulant loss into the dipping compound
Authors: Groves Robert , Welche Patrick , Routh Alexander F.
Published: December 2022

Coagulant dipping, the process used in thin glove manufacture, involves electrolyte ions diffusing from the surface of a hand-shaped former into latex compound, causing a deposit (wet gel) to accumulate on the former.
Accelerating filtration by introducing an oscillation paradigm and its atomistic origin
Authors: Li Na , Feng Zemeng , Lin Huijuan , Zhu Jixin , Xu Kui
Published: December 2022

Oscillation causes loss of hydrogen bonds at the liquid/membrane interface, making the effective pores of water molecule transport larger and the residence time in the membrane shorter, resulting in ultra-high permeability.
Hierarchically porous PdO-functionalized SnO2 nano-architectures for exclusively selective, sensitive, and fast detection of exhaled hydrogen
Authors: Kim Sang Hun , Moon Young Kook , Lee Jong-Heun , Chan Kang Yun , Jeong Seong-Yong
Published: December 2022

A porous PdO-functionalized SnO2 architecture is proposed as a solution for the exclusive detection of hydrogen, which is a biomarker for irritable bowel syndrome. The sensor will open a new avenue for simple disease diagnosis using breath analysis.
Systematic evaluation of water adsorption in isoreticular UiO-type metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Lu Feng-Fan , Gu Xiao-Wen , Wu Enyu , Li Bin , Qian Guodong
Published: December 2022

A systematic investigation on structure–property relationships of water adsorption was realized in isomorphic UiO-type MOFs, revealing that functionalizing MOFs with N sites may provide a strategy to improve low-pressure water uptakes and kinetics.
Exclusive detection of ethylene using metal oxide chemiresistors with a Pd–V2O5–TiO2 yolk–shell catalytic overlayer via heterogeneous Wacker oxidation
Authors: Moon Young Kook , Kim Ju Hyeong , Jeong Seong-Yong , Lee Soo Min , Park Seon Ju , Kim Tae Hyun , Lee Jong-Heun , Kang Yun Chan
Published: December 2022

A bilayer design based on yolk–shell structured Pd loaded V2O5–TiO2 and hollow structured In2O3 showed unprecedentedly high selectivity and response toward ethylene through concurrent Wacker oxidation of ethylene and filtering of interfering gases.
Topological insulator Bi2Se3 based electrochemical aptasensors for the application of sensitive detection of interferon-γ
Authors: Wu Yetong , Zhu Peng , Jiang Yujiu , Zhang Xu , Wang Zhiwei , Xie Bingteng , Song Tinglu , Zhang Fulai , Luo Aiqin , Li Shanshan , Xiong Xiaolu , Han Junfeng
Published: December 2022

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is one of the crucial inflammatory cytokines as an early indicator of multiple diseases.
Multifunctional epoxy resin-based composites with excellent flexural strength and X-ray imaging capacity using micro/nano structured QF-Bi2SiO5 fillers
Authors: Xu Xinyuan , Qiu Peiyu , Sun Mingyang , Luo Jun , Yu Peng , He Libang , Li Jianshu
Published: December 2022

QF-Bi2SiO5/EP composites had both great mechanical properties and X-ray visualization with the potential to be used as dental fiber posts or orthopedic implants.
Designed peptide-grafted hydrogels for human pluripotent stem cell culture and differentiation
Authors: Wang Ting , Liu Qian , Chang Yu-Tang , Liu Jun , Yu Tao , Maitiruze Kailibinuer , Ban Lee-Kiat , Sung Tzu-Cheng , Subbiah Suresh Kumar , Renuka Remya Rajan , Jen Shih Hsi , Lee Henry Hsin-Chung , Higuchi Akon
Published: December 2022

Human pluripotent stem cells cultured on several designed peptide-grafted hydrogels having a higher zeta potential show better proliferation and good differentiation into mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts.