bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relational–Cultural Theory: The Power of Connection to Transform Our Lives
Authors: JORDAN JUDITH V.
Published: October 2017

Relational–cultural theory posits that people grow through and toward relationships throughout the life span. Interpersonal connections built on mutual empathy contribute to zest, clarity, worth, creativity, and a desire for more connection. If addressed, acute interpersonal disconnections can provide opportunities for growth, but chronic disconnections create isolation and disempowerment. Relational–cultural theory provides a rationale to guide therapeutic practice at the same time that it creates a basis for the pursuit of social justice.
Analysis of apple beverages treated with high‐power ultrasound: a quality function deployment approach
Authors: Režek Jambrak Anet , Šimunek Marina , Grbeš Franjo , Mandura Ana , Djekic Ilija
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

The objective of this paper was to demonstrate application of quality function deployment in analysing effects of high power ultrasound on quality properties of apple juices and nectars. In order to develop a quality function deployment model, joint with instrumental analysis of treated samples, a field survey was performed to identify consumer preferences towards quality characteristics of juices/nectar.

RESULTS

Based on field research, the three most important characteristics were ‘taste’ and ‘aroma’ with 28.5% of relative absolute weight importance, followed by ‘odour’ (16.9%). The quality function deployment model showed that the top three ‘quality scores’ for apple juice were treatments with amplitude 90 µm, 9 min treatment time and sample temperature 40 °C; 60 µm, 9 min, 60 °C; and 90 µm, 6 min, 40 °C. For nectars, the top three were treatments 120 µm, 9 min, 20 °C; 60 µm, 9 min, 60 °C; and A2.16 60 µm, 9 min, 20 °C.

CONCLUSION

This type of quality model enables a more complex measure of large scale of different quality parameters. Its simplicity should be understood as its practical advantage and, as such, this tool can be a part of design quality when using novel preservation technologies. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Optical types of inland and coastal waters
Authors: Spyrakos Evangelos , O'Donnell Ruth , Hunter Peter D. , Miller Claire , Scott Marian , Simis Stefan G. H. , Neil Claire , Barbosa Claudio C. F. , Binding Caren E. , Bradt Shane , Bresciani Mariano , Dall'Olmo Giorgio , Giardino Claudia , Gitelson Anatoly A. , Kutser Tiit , Li Lin , Matsushita Bunkei , Martinez‐Vicente Victor , Matthews Mark W. , Ogashawara Igor , Ruiz‐Verdú Antonio , Schalles John F. , Tebbs Emma , Zhang Yunlin , Tyler Andrew N.
Published: October 2017

Inland and coastal waterbodies are critical components of the global biosphere. Timely monitoring is necessary to enhance our understanding of their functions, the drivers impacting on these functions and to deliver more effective management. The ability to observe waterbodies from space has led to Earth observation (EO) becoming established as an important source of information on water quality and ecosystem condition. However, progress toward a globally valid EO approach is still largely hampered by inconsistences over temporally and spatially variable in‐water optical conditions. In this study, a comprehensive dataset from more than 250 aquatic systems, representing a wide range of conditions, was analyzed in order to develop a typology of optical water types (OWTs) for inland and coastal waters. We introduce a novel approach for clustering in situ hyperspectral water reflectance measurements (n = 4045) from multiple sources based on a functional data analysis. The resulting classification algorithm identified 13 spectrally distinct clusters of measurements in inland waters, and a further nine clusters from the marine environment. The distinction and characterization of OWTs was supported by the availability of a wide range of coincident data on biogeochemical and inherent optical properties from inland waters. Phylogenetic trees based on the shapes of cluster means were constructed to identify similarities among the derived clusters with respect to spectral diversity. This typification provides a valuable framework for a globally applicable EO scheme and the design of future EO missions.
miR‐200c‐3p spreads invasive capacity in human oral squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Kawakubo‐Yasukochi Tomoyo , Morioka Masahiko , Hazekawa Mai , Yasukochi Atsushi , Nishinakagawa Takuya , Ono Kazuhiko , Kawano Shintaro , Nakamura Seiji , Nakashima Manabu
Published: October 2017

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes over 90% of all cancers in the oral cavity. The prognosis for patients with invasive OSCC is poor; therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of invasion and subsequent metastasis not only to prevent cancer progression but also to detect new therapeutic targets against OSCC. Recently, extracellular vesicles—particularly exosomes—have been recognized as intercellular communicators in the tumor microenvironment. As exosomic cargo, deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) can shape the surrounding microenvironment in a cancer‐dependent manner. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results regarding miR‐200c‐3p expression levels in OSCC cell lines, tissues, or serum—likely because of the heterogeneous characters of the specimen materials. For this reason, single‐cell clone analyses are necessary to effectively assess the role of exosome‐derived miRNAs on cells within the tumor microenvironment. The present study utilized integrated microarray profiling to compare exosome‐derived miRNA and exosome‐treated cell‐derived mRNA expression. Data were acquired from noninvasive SQUU‐A and highly invasive SQUU‐B tongue cancer cell clones derived from a single patient to determine candidate miRNAs that promote OSCC invasion. Matrigel invasion assays confirmed that hsa‐miR‐200c‐3p was a key pro‐invasion factor among six miRNA candidates. Consistently, silencing of the miR‐200c‐3p targets, CHD9 and WRN, significantly accelerated the invasive potential of SQUU‐A cells. Thus, our data indicate that miR‐200c‐3p in exosomes derived from a highly invasive OSCC line can induce a similar phenotype in non‐invasive counterparts.
Reconstruction of a near total ear amputation with a neurosensorial radial forearm free flap prelaminated with porous polyethylene implant and delay procedure
Authors: Horta Ricardo , Valença‐Filipe Rita , Carvalho Jorge , Nascimento Ricardo , Silva Alvaro , Amarante Jose
Published: October 2017

When an auricular defect is caused by high‐energy trauma that causes damage to the surrounding tissues, the patient may be not a candidate for reconstruction with local flaps and free tissue transfer may be necessary. Here we present a case of total auricular reconstruction in a 27 year‐old man who had total loss of the left ear and traumatized temporal skin and fascia. A radial forearm flap prelaminated by a porous polyethylene implant was employed. A “printed” ear made of silicone, based on the patient's CT‐scan of the contralateral ear, was used for intraoperative molding of the future reconstruction. Prolonged prelamination time and surgical delay (three months) were performed to reduce edema, distortion and loss of definition of the framework after revascularization. After subsequent integration and neovascularization of the added tissue, the prelaminated flap was transferred. Flap reinnervation was also performed by direct coaption of the great auricular nerve to the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The flap fully survived and there were no complications in the early postoperative period. Between 3 and 6 months, the patient returned to normal ranges in terms of warmth and cold, and recovered the discriminative facial sensibility. After one year the auricular reconstruction was intact and satisfactory aesthetic results were achieved. This method may offer a satisfactory solution for a difficult problem and may be considered for acquired total ear defects.
X‐ray spectrum estimation for accurate attenuation simulation
Authors: Leinweber Carsten , Maier Joscha , Kachelrieß Marc
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To estimate detected x‐ray spectra from transmission measurements of known attenuators that allow to accurately simulate the transmission in unknown attenuators.

Methods

Starting from the established spectrum estimation method using the truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) we extended the algorithm by incorporating prior knowledge about the statistical nature of the transmission data and about high‐frequency spectral components like characteristic peaks. Thereby our proposed approach requires only minimal prior knowledge, namely the energy positions of characteristic peaks or k‐edges, which are typically well‐known. This ensures that the final spectrum is not biased towards a given prior spectrum which is often observed in other methods. The new approach, prior truncated singular value decomposition (PTSVD), is compared to TSVD as well as the expectation–maximization (EM) method in a simulation and a measurement study. The resulting spectra are evaluated according to their ability to reproduce transmission data of attenuators that have not been included into the estimation process.

Results

In case of noiseless simulated data, the PTSVD approach outperforms the existing methods in both, estimating the shape of the spectrum as well as providing a spectrum that reproduces the transmission data. Not surprisingly for increasing noise the ability of PTSVD to estimate the spectral shape worsens while it still performs best in reproducing the transmission data. This finding is also confirmed in the measurement study.

Conclusion

Our new approach allows to estimate detected x‐ray spectra that accurately reproduce both transmission measurements that have and have not been included into the estimation process. It is less prone to noise compared to the established TSVD method and potentially leads to smaller transmission errors compared to EM for accurate transmission data while being less biased towards the given prior information.
Review of breast screening: Toward clinical realization of microwave imaging
Authors: Modiri Arezoo , Goudreau Sally , Rahimi Asal , Kiasaleh Kamran
Published: October 2017

Microwave imaging (MI) technology has come a long way to introduce a noninvasive, inexpensive, fast, convenient, and safe screening tool for clinical breast monitoring. However, there is a niche between the existing understanding of MI by engineers versus clinicians. Our manuscript targets that niche and highlights the state of the art in MI technology compared to the existing breast cancer detection modalities (mammography, ultrasound, molecular imaging, and magnetic resonance). The significance of our review article is in consolidation of up‐to‐date breast clinician views with the practical needs and engineering challenges of a novel breast screening modality. We summarize breast tissue abnormalities and highlight the benefits as well as potential drawbacks of the MI as a cancer detection methodology. Our goal is to present an article that MI researchers as well as practitioners in the field can use to assess the viability of the MI technology as a competing or complementary modality to the existing means of breast cancer screening.
Underweight vs. overweight/obese: which weight category do we prefer? Dissociation of weight‐related preferences at the explicit and implicit level
Authors: Marini M.
Published: October 2017

Objective

Although stigma towards obesity and anorexia is a well‐recognized problem, no research has investigated and compared the explicit (i.e. conscious) and implicit (i.e. unconscious) preferences between these two conditions. The present study conducted this investigation in a sample of 4,806 volunteers recruited at the Project Implicit website (https://implicit.harvard.edu).

Methods

Explicit and implicit preferences were assessed among different weight categories (i.e. underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese) by means of self‐reported items and the Multi‐category Implicit Association Test, respectively.

Results

Preferences for the normal weight category were found both at the explicit and implicit levels when this category was compared with overweight/obese and underweight categories. On the contrary, when the underweight category was contrasted with the obese/overweight category, results differed at the explicit and implicit levels: pro‐underweight preferences were observed at the explicit level, while pro‐overweight/obese preferences were found at the implicit level.

Conclusions

These results indicate that preferences between overweight/obese and underweight categories differ at the explicit and implicit levels. This dissociation may have important implications on behaviour and decision‐making.
Roadmap for an early gene therapy for cystic fibrosis airway disease
Authors: Carlon Marianne S. , Vidović Dragana , Birket Susan
Published: October 2017

Gene therapy provides a mutation‐independent approach to treat or even cure CF airway disease. To develop a clinical candidate for CF gene therapy, a thorough examination of preclinical efficacy in relevant cell and animal models is a prerequisite. For a long time, the CF field was struggling with a lack of appropriate animal models for CF airway pathology. Since 2008, many different and complementary animal models have been generated that develop hallmarks of CF airway disease, including the CF pig, ferret, and rat. With this, a new era has arisen that allows investigating the efficacy of gene therapy beyond molecular and electrophysiological end‐points. Successful gene therapy most likely requires an appropriate time window. CF lung pathology progresses with age and therefore an early treatment would be beneficial to prevent irreversible damage. In that regard, newborn screening programs and prenatal diagnosis already provide a basis to facilitate future preventive gene‐based treatment. If successful, gene therapy for CF airway disease would markedly reduce the treatment burden and improve life quality and life expectancy of CF patients.
Proteome and Structural Organization of the Knob Complex on the Surface of the Plasmodium Infected Red Blood Cell
Authors: Alampalli Shuba Varshini , Grover Manish , Chandran Syama , Tatu Utpal , Acharya Pragyan
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The cell membrane of the erythrocytes infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum undergoes several changes during the course of parasite life cycle and forms protrusions known as ‘knobs’ on its surface during the mature trophozoite and schizont stages. The structural organization of knob components especially PfEMP1 on the iRBC surface is the main determinant for the cytoadhesive and rosetting capacity of the iRBC by binding to various host receptors as well as for the variable antigenicity, which is crucial for immunoevasion. Although several studies report individual interactions among knob constituents, a comprehensive identification of the knob proteome is lacking.

Experimental design

The detergent‐resistant membrane (DRM) rafts are isolated from the infected erythrocyte membrane and knob (KAHRP) positive fractions are subjected to proteomics analysis. In addition, structures of various knob components are modeled and assembled ab initio based on experimentally established protein interactions.

Results

Proteins of various functional classes are found to be present in the knobs including the newly identified knob constituents which include host Hsp70, elongation factor 1A, acyl CoA synthetase, and some hypothetical proteins. Ab initio structural prediction of PfEMP1, KHARP, PfEMP2, PfEMP3, and PHIST shows that these proteins are intrinsically disordered and can have varying number of protein–protein interactions depending on their lowest energy structure. Further in silico mathematical modeling of a single repeat unit of PfEMP1–PHIST is present 63–112 times along the periphery of a single knob.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

This study provides structural insight into the organization of the core knob components and uncovers novel proteins as knob components. This structural information can be used for the development of better vaccine design strategies or drug design to destabilize the knob structure, which is a major virulence determinant in P. falciparum malaria.
PepSweetener: A Web‐Based Tool to Support Manual Annotation of Intact Glycopeptide MS Spectra
Authors: Domagalski Marcin Jakub , Alocci Davide , Almeida Andreia , Kolarich Daniel , Lisacek Frédérique
Published: October 2017

Purpose

PepSweetener is a web‐based visualization tool designed to facilitate the manual annotation of intact glycopeptides from MS data regardless of the instrument that produced these data.

Experimental design

This exploratory tool uses a theoretical glycopeptide dataset to visualize all peptide‐glycan combinations that fall within the error range of the query precursor ion. PepSweetener simplifies the determination of the correct peptide and glycan composition of a glycopeptide based on its precursor mass. The theoretical glycopeptide search space can be customized in an advanced query mode that specifies potential proteins/peptides, glycan compositions, and several experimental parameters.

Results

PepSweetener displays the results on an interactive heat‐map chart where theoretical glycopeptide tile colors correspond to ppm deviations from the query precursor mass. Additionally, a visualization chart incorporates glycan composition filtering, sorting by mass and tolerance, and an in silico peptide fragmentation diagram is provided to further support the correct glycopeptide identification.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

PepSweetener efficiently allows the selection of the most probable intact glycopeptide mass matches and speeds up the verification process. It is validated on serum protein samples and immunoglobulins. The tool is publicly hosted on ExPASy, the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics resource portal (http://glycoproteome.expasy.org/pepsweetener/app/).
A Review of Illuminating Pyrotechnics
Authors: Sabatini Jesse J.
Published: October 2017

This review article consists of efforts focused on the development of illuminating pyrotechnics. Examined will be the methods of generating red‐, green‐, yellow‐ and blue‐light‐emitting illuminating pyrotechnics. Ways to improve luminosity, spectral purity, and burn rate will be discussed. Recently developed formulations concerning the development of environmentally friendly illuminating pyrotechnics will also be presented.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of CdS Quantum Dot‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using 4‐Tertbutylbenzoic Acid as Self‐Assembled Monolayer on ZnO Photoanode
Authors: Sun Yunfei , Chen Gang , Deng Hongbo , Yang Lili , Liu Chunling , Sui Yingrui , Lv Shiquan , Wei Maobin , Yang Jinghai
Published: October 2017

A 4‐tertbutylbenzoic acid (BBA) self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) layer derived from benzoic acid is fabricated on the surface of photoanodes with different spin‐coating cycles. The effects of BBA on the photovoltaic property of the device are investigated. The conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic property with BBA/ZnO photoanodes exhibits a 56% enhancement in comparison with solar cells with pure ZnO photoanodes. The enhancement of the conversion efficiency is attributed to two aspects. The first one is that BBA SAMs in CdS quantum dots‐sensitized solar cells can suppress recombination process of electron‐hole because BBA decreased the defects on ZnO surface. The second one is that energy barrier formed by BBA efficiently prevent electrons transfer to CdS quantum dots. Ultimately, the photovoltaic performance of solar cells increased after deposition of BBA SAMs layer. Our experimental method provides an effective method for increasing the conversion efficiency of new generation solar cell device.
Shear Deformation in a Class of Thick Hexagonal Plates
Authors: Lim Teik‐Cheng
Published: October 2017

The shear deformation characteristics of a simply supported and uniformly loaded regular hexagonal plate is investigated herein, including cases when the plate is made from auxetic materials. Specifically, the shear correction factor for such a plate is obtained by matching its maximum deflections between the Mindlin and Reddy plate theories after a convenient Kirchhoff theory model has been proposed. Results show that the shear deformation is suppressed if the plate material is auxetic; for example, the extent of shear deformation is conserved even if the plate thickness is doubled, provided that the Poisson's ratio reduces from 0.5 to −1. When benchmarked against other plate shapes, the shear deformation for the hexagonal plate is comparable with those of square and equilateral triangular plates. Therefore, the design principles that incorporate shear deformation in thick square plates and in thick equilateral triangular plates can be extended to thick hexagonal plates, and this validity applies for both conventional and auxetic plate materials.
Moisture transport by tropical plumes over the Middle East: a 30‐year climatology
Authors: Tubi Amit , Dayan Uri , Lensky Itamar M.
Published: October 2017

This study conducts a 30‐year climatological analysis of tropical plumes (TPs) observed over the Middle East (ME). These moisture bursts, conveying water vapour from tropical Africa to the arid ME at mid‐ to upper tropospheric levels, were identified and analysed using multiple data sources and empirical tools, including satellite images, reanalysis data, backward trajectories, and calculation of moisture profiles, water vapour transport and moisture flux convergence. The analysis of the 140 days in which TPs were identified focused on three main elements: (i) TP seasonal distribution and contribution to rainfall regime, (ii) TP moisture pathways, and (iii) the mechanisms leading to TP‐induced precipitation.

TPs over the ME are found to be most frequent in the winter season, with the second highest frequency observed during the spring. The estimation of TPs' contribution to the rainfall regime over the ME, the first of its kind, shows that such contribution is limited. However, extreme events may have a significant effect on the overall annual precipitation amount.

Two moisture pathways are identified, exhibiting very limited mixing, if any, with the dry air mass at shallow tropospheric levels. The first, originating in tropical West Africa, is associated with the penetration of an intensified subtropical jet stream towards lower latitudes. The second, emanating from East to Central African sources, is closely associated with an anomalous anticyclonic flow over southern Arabia. Moisture conveyed by the latter pathway is supplied from sources that are closer to the target area, transported at lower atmospheric levels, and exhibits more pronounced vertical dispersion.

Compared to TPs that did not lead to precipitation, precipitative TPs feature enhanced moisture transport and stronger convergence of moisture flux. Similarly, the belt of moisture flux convergence stretching from the Tropics to the ME is interrupted when non‐precipitative TPs occur but uninterrupted during precipitative events.
Wheezing and dyspnoea caused by aberrant left innominate artery
Authors: Hayashi Masamichi , Imaizumi Kazuyoshi , Hattori Hidekazu , Toyama Hiroshi , Okazawa Mitsushi
Published: October 2017

We present a rare case of a branching anomaly of the aortic arch that resulted in wheezing and dyspnoea. The patient was a 60‐year‐old male with severe wheezing from babyhood, originally diagnosed with severe bronchial asthma. On auscultation, the inspiratory and expiratory wheezes appeared when the patient leaned forward. He also had difficulty in swallowing solid mass. Tests for airway reversibility and hyperresponsiveness were negative, and asthma treatment was ineffective. He had a right aortic arch. A barium oesophagogram and endoscopic examination indicated narrowing of the oesophagus from behind. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of enhanced chest CT images indicated a right aortic arch and an aberrant enlarged left innominate artery, which compressed and narrowed the oesophagus and trachea from behind. Although the patient had been diagnosed with intractable bronchial asthma, his symptoms were more likely caused by this mechanical narrowing as wheezing and dyspnoea disappeared completely after total aortic arch replacement operation.
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia diagnosed by tranbronchoscopic cryoprobe biopsy technique
Authors: Patel Ravi , Collazo‐Gonzalez Carolina , Andrews Arthur , Johnson Jean , Rumbak Mark , Smith Maxwell
Published: October 2017

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) remains a poorly understood clinical entity. It is currently classified as a premalignant condition by the World Health Organization (WHO). Symptoms are similar to those associated with obstructive lung disease, including breathlessness and cough. The presentation is often initially ascribed to other diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we present what we believe is the first described case of DIPNECH diagnosed by transbronchoscopic cryoprobe biopsy. The patient presented with chronic cough, dyspnoea, pulmonary function tests consistent with obstruction, and a computed tomography (CT) scan of chest with multiple nodules. The patient went on to have transbronchoscopic cryoprobe biopsies of the lung, which confirmed the diagnosis of DIPNECH.
Impaired caudal fin‐fold regeneration in zebrafish deficient for the tumor suppressor Pten
Authors: Hale Alexander James , Kiai Ali , Sikkens Jelte , den Hertog Jeroen
Published: October 2017

Zebrafish are able to completely regrow their caudal fin‐folds after amputation. Following injury, wound healing occurs, followed by the formation of a blastema, which produces cells to replace the lost tissue in the final phase of regenerative outgrowth. Here we show that, surprisingly, the phosphatase and tumor suppressor Pten, an antagonist of phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling, is required for zebrafish caudal fin‐fold regeneration. We found that homozygous knock‐out mutant (ptena−/−ptenb−/−) zebrafish embryos, lacking functional Pten, did not regenerate their caudal fin‐folds. AKT phosphorylation was enhanced, which is consistent with the function of Pten. Reexpression of Pten, but not catalytically inactive mutant Pten‐C124S, rescued regeneration, as did pharmacological inhibition of PI3K. Blastema formation, determined by in situ hybridization for the blastema marker junbb, appeared normal upon caudal fin‐fold amputation of ptena−/−ptenb−/− zebrafish embryos. Whole‐mount immunohistochemistry using specific markers indicated that proliferation was arrested in embryos lacking functional Pten, and that apoptosis was enhanced. Together, these results suggest a critical role for Pten by limiting PI3K signaling during the regenerative outgrowth phase of zebrafish caudal fin‐fold regeneration.
Global Scale Hydrology: Advances in Land Surface Modeling
Authors: WOOD ERIC F.
Published: October 2017

Research into global scale hydrology is an expanding area that includes researchers from the meteorology, climatology, ecology and hydrology communities. This paper reviews research in this area carried out in the United States during the last IUGG quadrennial period of 1987–1990. The review covers the representation of land‐surface hydrologic processes for general circulation models (GCMs), sensitivity analysis of these representations on global hydrologic fields like precipitation, regional studies of climate that have global hydrologic implications, recent field studies and experiments whose aims are the improved understanding of land surface ‐ atmospheric interactions, and the use of remotely sensed data for the further understanding of the spatial variability of surface hydrologic processes that are important at regional and global climate scales.
Seven‐Year (2007–2013) Retention Study on Students Enrolled in Thematic and Nonthematic First‐Year Experience Seminar Courses
Authors: Woolfork‐Barnes Toni
Published: October 2017

For more than 30 years, John Gardner has elevated the discussion about the importance of student success in the first‐year of college, with a heightened emphasis on first‐year seminar courses and their value. Many colleges and universities offer some version of a first‐year experience seminar, which is true for the Midwestern MAC School discussed in this research study. The purpose of this seven‐year retention study was: to assess the impact first‐year seminar had on retention rates for students enrolled in thematic and non‐thematic sections; to assess student leader post‐perceptions about the course; and to examine the extent to which first‐year students’ perceptions changed over a seven‐year period. Overall, findings are positive and encouraging based on analysis of the data. Specifically, findings illustrate that the first‐year seminar course has positively impacted student retention for both groups of students in the study, but more significantly for students enrolled in the thematic sections of the course. Additionally, the researcher’s findings also indicated that student leaders have positive post‐perceptions about the course, and lastly, the First‐Year Initiative survey findings show that over a seven‐year period, students’ perceptions about the course have improved.
Tailoring N‐Terminated Defective Edges of Porous Boron Nitride for Enhanced Aerobic Catalysis
Authors: Wu Peiwen , Yang Shize , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Hongping , Chao Yanhong , Zhu Huiyuan , Li Huaming , Dai Sheng
Published: October 2017

Tailoring terminated edge of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) for enhancing catalysis has turned to be an imperative for the rational design of a highly active aerobic catalyst. Herein, a tailoring N‐terminated porous BN (P‐BN) strategy is reported with a zinc (Zn) salt as a dual‐functional template. The Zn salt acts as both an in situ template and an N‐terminated defective edges directing agent. The zinc salt template turns to Zn nanoparticles (Zn NPs) and functions as physical spacers, which are subsequently removed at a higher temperature, for producing P‐BN, whose high surface area is high to 1579 m2 g−1. Moreover, because of the lower electronegativity of Zn, boron (B) atoms are partly replaced by Zn atoms and ultimately preferred to N‐terminated edges with the volatilization of Zn NPs. Owing to the moderate dissociative energy of oxygen atoms on N‐terminated edges, the N‐terminated edges are proved to be the origin of an enhanced aerobic catalytic activity by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the DFT calculation result is experimentally verified.
Extended flow algorithm for online reconfiguration of large‐scale distribution system with interconnected distributed generators
Authors: Huang Zheng , Hara Ryoichi , Kita Hiroyuki , Ishibashi Kazunari , Ito Hirokazu , Sano Tsuneyo
Published: October 2017

The interconnection of distributed generators (DGs) in a power system increases the difficulty of managing the system. The minimization of the voltage deviation by network reconfiguration is an important requirement for dealing with the issue. We had previously developed a reconfiguration technique, named the intelligent flow algorithm (IFA), for determining the optimum or suboptimum network configuration within a short computation time. In the present paper, we propose an extension of IFA, named the extended flow algorithm (EFA), for more effective determination of the optimal network configuration of a distribution system containing massive installations of DGs. EFA is a two‐stage method in which the configuration that produces uniform power supply, referred to as the balanced configuration, is first generated, and then used to seek the optimal configuration using an improved branch exchange approach. Accordingly, EFA is more simplified to improve its computation speed on large‐scale systems. The algorithm was tested by case studies of different test distribution systems in the MATLAB environment, and was confirmed to have high performance to cope with DG installations and large‐scale systems. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparing Diverse Learners for University: A Strategy for Teaching EAP Students
Authors: Bhowmik Subrata K. , Kim Marcia
Published: October 2017

With a burgeoning international student population, most universities around the world offer English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses. Because classes are so diverse, it is challenging to meet the specific needs of EAP students. Keeping this status quo as a departure point, the authors discuss a five‐prong strategy for teaching EAP, which involves academic culture acclimatization, student voice, teachable moments, reflection, and autonomy. They discuss this teaching strategy with specific examples, arguing that it helps provide a common reference point that all EAP instructors can use as heuristics, regardless of the context of their teaching. In addition, it promotes student‐centeredness in the EAP classroom and encourages students to become more involved in the learning process.
Pilot study of MRI/ultrasound fusion imaging in postpartum assessment of Cesarean section scar
Authors: Bolten K. , Fischer T. , Bender Y. Y.‐N. , Diederichs G. , Thomas A.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To evaluate prospectively the uterine scar after Cesarean section (CS) and the corresponding uterine region after vaginal delivery (VD) at 6 weeks postpartum using transabdominal (TAS) and transvaginal (TVS) sonography with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion to investigate whether fusion imaging allows standardized and reproducible identification of the scar location and measurement of uterine wall thickness compared with high‐resolution MRI alone.

Methods

Pelvic MRI was performed 6 weeks after delivery in 30 women (10 with planned CS (PCS), 10 with emergency CS (ECS) and 10 with VD). After transfer of MRI‐DICOM datasets to the ultrasound system, the scar region after CS and the corresponding uterine region after VD were examined by TAS (5 MHz) and TVS (10 MHz) using smart fusion with MRI to guide visualization of the region in the corresponding sectional planes for both modalities. Vascularization of the scar region was determined as a percentage area using power Doppler ultrasound. Anterior (AW) and posterior (PW) uterine wall thickness was measured using TAS and TVS with fusion imaging and using MRI alone.

Results

TVS with fusion imaging was applied successfully for uterine assessment at the end of the postpartum period in all women. TAS failed to identify the scar area in three women. Imaging techniques were similar in the evaluation of AW and PW thickness following VD. MRI and MRI/TVS fusion showed significant differences in AW thickness or scar area, in terms of the difference relative to PW thickness, in women with PCS and ECS (MRI: PCS, 4.3 mm; ECS, 4.2 mm; VD, 0.8 mm; P = 0.034; MRI/TVS fusion: PCS, 2.0 mm; ECS, 3.3 mm; VD, 0.0 mm; P = 0.01). The degree of vascularization in the scar region measured by power Doppler ultrasound was lower after PCS (13.1 ± 9.4%/area) and ECS (17.0 ± 8.2%/area) than after VD (34.6 ± 8.5%/area; P = 0.0017).

Conclusion

MRI/ultrasound fusion imaging can be performed in a reproducible manner for examination of the postpartum uterus. MRI/TVS fusion enables standardized identification of the CS scar location and vascularization is reduced in this area. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Generation of UHV with Turbomolecular Pump and Dry Backing Pump
Authors: Schopphoff Andreas , Braunschweig Falk
Published: October 2017

For the generation of ultra‐high vacuum (UHV), multiple pumps and pump combinations are possible. In the past, due to its high compression ratio, the most commonly used backing pump was the oil‐sealed rotary vane pump. But the growing demand for hydrocarbon‐free vacuum makes other solutions necessary: A completely magnetically levitated turbomolecular pump combined with a dry multistage Roots pump is not only able to generate oil‐free UHV pressure but also eliminates contamination due to operating error. Residual gas analyses prove that with this pump combination, the limiting partial pressure of hydrogen can be significantly reduced.
Combinatorial Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gaines J. R.
Published: October 2017

Combinatorial Magnetron Sputtering is a process where large numbers of chemically distinct thin film samples can be made in a single deposition. Utilizing a multiple cathode sputter system manufactured by the Kurt J. Lesker Company, researchers at the California Institute of Technology have developed a process which enables them to make 5,000 unique compositions on one 4″ wafer in one deposition. Compositional control is achieved by varying the tilt angle of the cathodes and Z‐distance relative to the substrate. In addition to this extraordinary fabrication capability, the group also developed a model which can predict the range of future compositions as well as a rapid characterization technique which can sort through thousands of compositions in a 24 hour period.
Syntheses, Structures, and Magnetic Behavior of New Azide Linked Compounds with One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Structures
Authors: Mistry Subhradeep , Sutter Jean‐Pascal , Natarajan Srinivasan
Published: October 2017

Three azide based compounds were synthesized employing aliphatic amines as site blocking agents: [Ni(N3)(C6H16N2)2]ClO4 (I) [C6H16N2 = N,N′‐diethylethylenediamine (DEDA)], [Cu8(N3)16(C6H18N4)2] (II) [C6H18N4 = tris(2‐aminoethyl) amine (TREN)], and [Cu7(N3)14(C7H19N3)2]·2H2O (III) [C7H19N3 = 3,3′‐diamino‐N‐methyldipropylamine (DMDA)]. The compounds I and II have one‐dimensional structure and III has a two‐dimensional structure. Compound I is a simple linear cationic Ni–azide chain and compound II has Cu6 azide units forming a column terminated by the copper‐metalloligand generated in‐situ during the course of the reaction. The charge compensation perchlorate anions occupy spaces in between the chains in I. Compound II packs in a herringbone arrangement, which is not commonly observed in low‐dimensional structures. Compound III has one‐dimensional copper‐azide chains connected through copper‐metalloligand forming the two‐dimensional structure. All the three compounds exhibit anti‐ferromagnetic behavior.
On the Time-Temperature-Transformation Behavior of a New Dual-Superlattice Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Mignanelli P. M. , Jones N. G. , Hardy M. C. , Stone H. J.
Published: October 2017

Recent research has identified compositions of nickel-based superalloys with microstructures containing appreciable and comparable volume fractions of γ′ and γ″ precipitates. In this work, an alloy capable of forming such a dual-superlattice microstructure was subjected to a range of thermal exposures between 873 K and 1173 K (600 °C and 900 °C) for durations of 1 to 1000 hours. The microstructures and nature of the precipitating phases were characterized using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. These data have enabled the construction of a T-T-T diagram for the precipitating phases. Hardness measurements following each thermal exposure have identified the age-hardening behavior of this alloy and allowed preliminary mechanical properties to be assessed.
Mechanism of Phospholipid Hydrolysis for Oyster Crassostrea plicatula Phospholipids During Storage Using Shotgun Lipidomics
Authors: Chen Qinsheng , Wang Xincen , Cong Peixu , Liu Yanjun , Wang Yuming , Xu Jie , Xue Changhu
Published: October 2017

A fast and efficient shotgun lipidomics strategy was applied to analyze phospholipids (PL) in the oyster Crassostrea plicatula, including 29 species of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), 23 species of phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), 11 species of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), 6 species of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), and 17 species of lysophospholipids (Lyso‐PL). During storage at 4 °C for 7 days, the PL content decreased by 68.08%, but a significant increase in the FFA content was observed (from 63.11 to 318.72 μg/g). PtdCho and PtdIns decreased relatively by 64.97 and 67.49%, and PtdSer decreased most markedly by 74.15%. However, the PtdEtn content increased slightly during the early stages of storage but subsequently began to decrease. Moreover, PL with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA‐PL) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA‐PL) decreased by 51.77 and 50.61%, whereas plasmalogens were relatively stable showing only a 25.46% decrease. In particular, through enzyme activity analysis of lipase, phospholipase A1 (PLA1), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), phospholipase C (PLC), and phospholipase D (PLD), it was observed that the activities of all these enzymes increased at the early stage at 4 °C, but their activities were at lower levels when the oysters were stored at −20 °C. During the storage period at 4 °C, correlation analysis suggests that the degradation of PtdCho was mostly correlated to PLA2 (p < 0.05), whereas PtdEtn and PtdSer were more markedly correlated to lipase and PLD, respectively. The above result indicates that the hydrolysis mechanism of PL during seafood storage was correlated to the lipid hydrolytic enzyme activities under different storage temperatures.
Middens and Microphones
Authors: Boyle Tristan J.
Published: October 2017

The podcast as a communicative medium continues to rise in popularity as an opportunity for individuals to express themselves in similar ways to traditional radio and television. Critically, though, the recording of a podcast does not need a full studio for production. Rather, an individual possessing a microphone, free editing software, and time can create an audio show that is then uploaded to the Internet for people to download and listen to. Although podcasts can be found via standard web searching, they are also often listed in podcast directories, such as iTunes, Sticher, Google Play, and Miro (Ortega 2015), and hence are easily discoverable through both desktop browsers and mobile apps, making it simple to subscribe to multiple shows. The iTunes store, owned by Apple, is a particularly popular directory: a podcaster must submit a special kind of link, called an RSS feed, to Apple and have it approved. An RSS feed is a dynamic link that lets anyone attached to it know when an update is made to a web page—in this case, a listing of podcasts. Once the podcast is accepted to the directory, various search engines can access it and allow people to search by name or category (chosen by the podcasters themselves).
Transient and limit cycle combustion dynamics analysis of turbulent premixed swirling flames
Authors: Palies Paul , Ilak Milos , Cheng Robert
Published: October 2017

Premixed low swirling flames (methane–air and hydrogen–methane–air) are experimentally investigated for three different regimes. Stable, local transient to instability and limit cycle regimes corresponding to three distinct equivalence ratios are considered. Dynamic mode decomposition is applied to the hydrogen–air–methane flame to retrieve the modes frequencies, growth rates and spatial distributions for each regime. The results indicate that a vortical wave propagating along the flame front is associated with the transition from stability to instability. In addition, it is shown that a key effect on stability is the location of the non-oscillating (0 Hz) flame component. The phase-averaged unsteady motion of the flames over one cycle of oscillation shows the vortical wave rolling up the flame front. The Rayleigh index maps are formed to identify the region of driving and damping of the self-sustained oscillation, while the flame transfer function phase leads to the propagation mode of the perturbations along the flame front. The second mechanism identified concerns the swirl number fluctuation induced by the mode conversion. By utilizing hypotheses for the flow field and the flame structure, it is pointed out that those mechanisms are at work for both flames (methane–air and hydrogen–methane–air) and their effects on the unsteady heat release are determined. Both unsteady heat release contributions, the vortical wave induces flame surface fluctuations and swirl number oscillation induces unsteady turbulent burning velocity, are in phase opposition and of similar amplitudes.
Formation and development of supraglacial lakes in the percolation zone of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: CHEN CHRISTINE , HOWAT IAN M. , DE LA PEÑA SANTIAGO
Published: October 2017

We examine repeat surface altimetry and radio echo observations of two supraglacial lakes in the percolation zone of the Greenland ice sheet to investigate the changes in firn conditions leading to lake formation and implications for meltwater storage within firn. Both lakes formed in 2011, when an anomalously high melt season was followed by low winter accumulation, resulting in reduced infiltration and storage in the near surface. The lakes expanded during the 2012 record melt season and retained liquid meltwater through the following winter. The lakes then contracted, with one lake slowly draining and refreezing and another rapidly draining to the subsurface. The lack of observable change in firn conditions surrounding the lakes indicates increased run-off in the near surface firn, likely along low-permeability ice layers formed during the previous melt seasons. This implies a reduced ability of the firn to absorb increased meltwater.
Occurrence ofMicrodictyonfrom the lower Cambrian Xinji Formation along the southern margin of the North China Platform
Authors: Pan Bing , Topper Timothy P. , Skovsted Christian B. , Miao Lanyun , Li Guoxiang
Published: October 2017

Disarticulated net-like plates of the lobopodMicrodictyonhad a near cosmopolitan distribution from the early to middle Cambrian but are yet to be documented from the North China Platform. Here we report isolated plates ofMicrodictyonfrom the lower Cambrian Xinji Formation (Stage 4, Series 2) of the North China Platform, extending the paleogeographic distribution ofMicrodictyonin the early Cambrian. The plates ofMicrodictyonfrom the Xinji Formation are similar to those of other species established on the basis of isolated plates but do bear some new characters, such as mushroom-shaped nodes with a single inclined platform-like apex and an upper surface that displays radial lines. However, the plates documented here are left under open nomenclature due to inadequate knowledge of intraspecific and ontogenetic variation and low specimen numbers. Through comparison of the node shapes of the isolated plates of differentMicrodictyonspecies, we consider that low mushroom-shaped nodes could be a primitive and conservative character ofMicrodictyonwhile tall mushroom-shaped nodes may be a derived character. Subtle differences in shape and number of node apices may also represent intraspecific or ontogenetic variation.
Market Orientation, Growth Strategy, and Firm Performance: The Moderating Effects of External Connections—ADDENDUM
Authors: Filatotchev Igor , Su Zhongfeng , Bruton Garry D.
Published: October 2017

This addendum offers more details about regression results and discussions on the findings. Tables 1A and 2A exhibit regression results with estimates, standard errors, and P values.