bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH GAYA BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR: KASUS MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA STKIP YDB LUBUK ALUNG
Authors: Chan Dwi Mutia , Rahman Irawati
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar pada mata kuliah Pengajaran Keterampilan membaca mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia STKIP YDB Lubuk Alung. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa semester VI Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia sebanyak 37 orang. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel bebas (independen) yaitu pengaruh gaya belajar dan variabel terikat (dependent) yaitu kemampuan membaca mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia semester VI. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan instrumen tes membaca. Data hasil penelitian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan statistik sederhana dan menggunakan persentase (%) untuk gaya belajar, sedangkan pengaruh gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar dianalisis menggunakan regresi sederhana dan ANOVA melalui program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa  terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan gaya belajar terhadap mata kuliah keterampilan membaca mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia  STKIP YDB Lubuk Alung. Hasil analisis data, menunjukkan bahwa koofisien korelasi (ry) = 0,366 dengan . Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis yang berbunyi bahwa gaya belajar mahasiswa berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa dapat diterima pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Besaran pengaruh belajar mahasiswa terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa 13,4%.
Calcium Addition Improving Pectin Level in Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Nurwahyuni Endah , Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Published: January 2021

Long drought due to climate anomalies results in physiological damage to oil palm which is characterized by frond fracture to the decreased productivity. One of the efforts to increase the resistance of oil palm to drought is through the addition of calcium. This study aimed to determine the effect of calcium on hormonal changes (as secondary messenger), the rate of photosynthesis till the content of pectin as a reinforcing component of cell walls which is expected to reduce the risk of frond fracture due to drought. The treatment was arranged in factorial 3 x 4 in the random complete block design (RCBD) split-plot. The first factor was the dose of calcium application which was 0 (control/without calcium), 0,04 g, 0,08 g, and 0,12 g. The second factor was the intensity of drought stress consisting of severe stress, moderate stress, and control/field capacity with an intensity of one week after achieving target weight. Data that fulfilled the assumptions of homogeneity and normality were then analyzed using variance analysis at a level of accuracy of 5% and continued with DMRT. The results showed that calcium can increase the resistance of oil palm seeds through increased GA content, decreased ABA content and increased photosynthetic rates in all soil moisture conditions, but varied according to the intensity of drought.
Performa Random Forest Group untuk Klasifikasi Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang yang Disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Santoso Heri
Published: January 2021

Pemanfaatan teknik penginderaan jauh sudah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk kajian penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Performa klasifikasi dapat ditingkatkan dengan memanfaatkan machine learning algorithms. Identifikasi sejak awal serangan penyakit BPB merupakan kunci dalam penanganan secara kultur teknis yang ditujukan untuk memperpanjang umur produksi tanaman. Pemilihan model klasifikasi yang memanfaatkan machine learning algorithms akan mempengaruhi akurasi dan waktu proses klasifikasi. Random forest (RF) dari hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukkan model klasifikasi dengan performa akurasi yang tinggi dalam klasifikasi penyakit BPB ini. Model klasifikasi RF saat ini memiliki 15 varian yang dikembangkan oleh para peneliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan akurasi dan kecepatan fitting model dari 15 metode klasifikasi random forest group dalam mengidentifikasi penyakit BPB di perkebunan kelapa sawit. penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif berdasarkan hasil akurasi dan kecepatan fitting model dari 15 metode klasifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan model klasifikasi oblique random forest (ORF) dengan metode partial least squares (PLS) mempunyai akurasi dan nilai Kappa terbaik (0,914 dan 0,815) dan model random ferns (Rferns) sebagai model klasifikasi dengan akurasi dan nilai Kappa yang terendah (0,657 dan 0,334). Model RF rule-based model (rlb) memerlukan waktu terlama dalam fitting model yaitu 12.993,23 detik dan model parallel random forest (PRF) memerlukan waktu tersingkat yaitu 13,54 detik. Pencapaian akurasi dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk fitting model menjadi pertimbangan dalam pemilihan model klasifikasi untuk tanaman sehat dan tanaman terinfeksi penyakit BPB karena jamur Ganoderma.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improve clinical symptoms in patients with covid-19: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sedighiyan Mohsen , Abdollahi Hamed , Karimi Elmira , Badeli Mostafa , Erfanian Reza , Raeesi Shima , Hashemi Rezvan , Vahabi Zahra , Asanjarani Behzad , ABDOLAHI Mina
Published: January 2021

Objective: We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids would be an
appropriate adjunct therapy for alleviating the inflammatory response
and clinical manifestation in hospitalized patients with covid-19
disease. Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial in
Amir-Alam hospital in Tehran. Thirty adult men and women diagnosed with
covid-19 were allocated to either control group (receiving
Hydroxychloroquine) or intervention group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine
plus 2 grams of DHA+EPA) for 2 weeks. Primary outcome of the
intervention including CRP, ESR as well as clinical symptoms including
body pain, fatigue, appetite and olfactory and secondary outcomes
including liver enzymes were determined at the baseline and after
omega-3 supplementation. Clinical signs were measured using
self-reported questionnaires. There were commercial kits for
determination of CRP and liver enzymes concentrations in the serum of
patients. For determination of ESR automated hematology analyzer was
applied. Results: In comparison to control group, patients receiving
omega-3 indicated favorable changes in all clinical symptoms except for
olfactory ((p<0.001 for body pain and fatigue, p= 0.03 for
appetite and p=0.21 for olfactory). Reducing effects of omega-3
supplementation compared to control group were also observed in the
levels of ESR and CRP after treatment (p<0.001 for CRP and
p=0.02 for ESR). However, no between group differences in the liver
enzymes serum concentrations were observed after supplementation
(p>0.05). Conclusion: Current observations are very
promising and indicate that supplementation with moderate dosages of
omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in the management of
inflammation-mediated clinical symptoms in covid-19 patients. Key words:
Covid-19, omega-3, inflammation, clinical symptoms
School allergy training promotes internal policy review and enhances staff's preparedness in managing pupils with allergies
Authors: Raptis George , Totterdell Rebecca , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Michaelis Louise , Perez-Botella Mercedes
Published: January 2021

Recently non-statutory allergy management guidance for schools has been
produced in the United Kingdom however there has been limited progress
in implementing this. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect
of face-to-face training on self-reported school staff preparedness in
managing the severely allergic child and whether it would stimulate
schools’ allergy policy review. A preparedness survey was conducted
prior and 2 months post-intervention to assess the effect of training on
self-reported preparedness and perceived confidence to manage children
with food allergies. A sample of 18 (10%) primary schools that
consented to participate were selected. Of the trained schools, 89%
felt confident in dealing with an allergy emergency compared to 39%
prior training (p=0.016). Post intervention all but one had
arranged/were considering introducing allergy awareness sessions to help
pupils manage their allergies (45% pre-training vs post-training 93%,
p=003). Preventative measures for accidental exposure to food allergens
(i.e. no food sharing policy) were adopted by all (pre-training 61% vs
post- training 100%, p=0.03). A face-to-face school allergy training
programme enhances self-reported staff preparedness and promotes
internal allergy policy review in managing the needs of these children,
hence addressing the current gap between recommendations and practice in
schools.
Walker and Syers enter the critical zone: Integrating decadal scale root development with longer term soil development to understand terrestrial nutrient cycling
Authors: Hauser Emma , Chorover Jon , Cook Charles , Markewitz Daniel , Rasmussen Craig , Richter Daniel , Billings Sharon
Published: January 2021

Most terrestrial nutrient sources are hypothesized to shift in dominance
from mineral- to organic matter (OM)-derived over millennia. We
investigated how overlaying this hypothesis with plant rooting dynamics
that can feedback to soil development offers insight into ecosystem
functioning. To test the hypothesis that the nutritional importance of
OM as mineral weathering proceeds is mediated by rooting system nutrient
economies that vary with vegetation development, we paired litterfall
decay experiments with soil mineralogical data from diverse forests
across the Critical Zone (CZ) Observatory Network. We demonstrate that
sources of phosphorus shift from OM-bound stocks to minerals as the
rooting zone expands during the transition from mid to late stages of
forest growth. Root-driven, plant-soil feedbacks thus can prompt
inconsistencies with soil development models that posit a unidirectional
transition from mineral to organic nutrient dominance, and illuminate
how forest growth and land use influence nutrient bioavailability in
Earth’s CZ.
Introduction to the Patient with Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Fox David A.
Published: January 2021

The rheumatic diseases encompass a broad spectrum of conditions that include inflammatory, metabolic, and structural diseases of the joints and adjacent musculoskeletal structures, chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes, and a wide range of systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases that may or may not have articular manifestations.

This review contains 4 figures, 13 tables, and 28 references.
Key Words osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, fibromyalgia, acute monoarthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis, gouty arthritis, lupus nephritis
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Barry Michael J
Published: January 2021

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause of morbidity in older men in developed countries. BPH causes lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and occasionally results in such complications as acute urinary retention (AUR), urinary tract infection, and even obstructive uropathy. Although the development of medical treatments has reduced the role of surgery, prostatectomy remains a widely performed procedure. Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology are discussed. Diagnosis includes clinical features, history, physical examination, and laboratory testing. Management can include watchful waiting, medical treatment, surgery, and minimally invasive treatment. Management of AUR is also addressed. 

This review contains 4 figures, 10 tables, and 58 references.
Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary retention, incontinence, alpha blocker, 5α-reductase inhibitor, cystoscopy, transurethral intervention
Thyroiditis, Goiter, Thyroid Nodules, and Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ladenson Paul W.
Published: January 2021

Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine conditions encountered in clinical practice. Persons of either sex and any age can be affected, although almost all forms of thyroid disease are more frequent in women than in men, and many thyroid ailments increase in incidence with age. The presentation of thyroid conditions can range from clinically obvious to clinically silent. Their consequences can be widespread and serious, even life-threatening. With proper testing, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis can be established with certainty, and effective treatments can be instituted for almost all patients.

This review contains 1 figure, 7 tables, and 31 references.
Key Words: Hypothyroidism, Thyrotoxicosis, Thyrotropin, celiac disease, vitiligo, pernicious anemia, Sjögren syndrome, Graves disease, Munchausen syndrome
Approach to the Patient with Abdominal Pain
Authors: Sajed Dana
Published: January 2021

Abdominal pain is the most common presenting complaint in the emergency department (ED), accounting for nearly 8% of ED visits. Although many chronic conditions may cause pain in the abdomen, acute abdominal pain, defined as undiagnosed pain present for less than 1 week, is of greatest concern to the emergency practitioner. For many reasons, acute abdominal pain is often diagnostically challenging. Abdominal pain may be due to numerous causes, including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and other sources. Symptoms may fluctuate or change in nature, and the quality of pain can be difficult for the patient to describe. Physical examination findings, although important, are variable and can even be misleading. Despite being such a common presenting complaint, misdiagnosis is not uncommon and results in a high percentage of medicolegal actions in both and adult and pediatric populations.
Key words: abdominal computed tomography, abdominal pain, abdominal ultrasonography, pain management, point-of-care ultrasonography
Approach to the Patient with Kidney Disease
Authors: Singh Ajay K , Kari Jameela A.
Published: January 2021

Diseases of the kidney can present with a variety of different clinical presentations. These presentations are best considered syndromically: prerenal, renal, and postrenal. Besides this commonly used framework, kidney disease can have the kidney as the prime mover, such as with a primary glomerular disease, versus the kidney as a target of a systemic process, for example, as in the hepatorenal syndrome, where the primary abnormality physiologically is with the liver. Therefore, the most important aspect when approaching patients with kidney disease is to use a systematic framework. This framework applies regardless of whether kidney disease occurs in adults or children. This review covers determination of disease duration, assessment of kidney function, measurement of kidney function, staging of kidney disease, imaging techniques for the genitourinary system, major syndromes of kidney disease, and asymptomatic urinary sediment abnormalities. Figures show an approach to the patient with renal disease, components of urinary sediment, and an approach to the patient with hematuria. Tables list considerations for referral to nephrology, the National Kidney Foundation classification of chronic kidney disease, categories of proteinuria, correlation between dipstick positivity for protein and protein concentration in urine, causes of hematuria, and causes of hematuria by age and gender.
 
This review contains 3 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 26 references.
Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening
Authors: Runowicz Carolyn D. , Quinn Andrew
Published: January 2021

With the advent of HPV DNA testing and the availability of HPV vaccinations, the recommendations and rationale for screening and prevention of cervical cancer and its precursors have undergone revision, reflecting this new knowledge and understanding of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and the role of HPV. This review incorporates the new guidelines and rationale for current screening guidelines for cervical cancer and in the management of patients with atypical or unsatisfactory cervical cytology.
This review contains 4 figures, 2 tables, and 69 references.
Key words: Cervical cancer, Gynecological cancer, HPV, HPV testing, HPV vaccine, Pap smear, HPV DNA, Human papillomavirus
Syphilis and the Nonvenereal Treponematoses
Authors: Augenbraun Michael
Published: January 2021

Syphilis is an infectious disease with complex acute and chronic manifestations that is transmitted primarily through sexual contact. The disease has been recognized for many centuries, although its origin remains unknown. This chapter’s discussion of the epidemiology of syphilis includes figures illustrating the rate of syphilis in the United States by state and county and the rate of syphilis in the United States from 1941 to 2009. The etiology, pathogenesis and disease course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and complications of syphilis are discussed. Special cases of syphilis—in pregnant women, in children, in HIV-infected patients, and congenital syphilis—are also considered. Illustrations include a dark-field microphotograph of treponemes and photographs of a syphilitic chancre, the classic aculopapular rash from spirochetemia, condylomata lata, and a gumma. Tables outline the clinical manifestations of syphilis in adults and the treatment of syphilis. The nonvenereal treponematoses—yaws, endemic syphilis, and pinta—are a group of infections distributed throughout tropical and semitropical areas of the world. They are primarily noted to cause a variety of skin and skeletal lesions. There is little biologic difference between the treponemes that cause these conditions. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of the nonvenereal treponematoses are discussed.
This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 60 references.
Infections due to Escherichia coli and Other Enteric Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: Mah Allison , Sekirov Inna , Steiner Theodore S
Published: January 2021

This review describes infections caused by Escherichia coli and related members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, excluding other genera that principally cause enteric infections. Infections caused by Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia are described in the review “Gastrointestinal Tract Infections," found elsewhere in this publication. The purpose of this review is to examine the specific epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of individual members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The emerging concern of antimicrobial resistance amongst enteric gram-negative organisms and the approach to treatment in the setting of infection with these resistant organisms are discussed in the review “Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteric Gram-Negative Organisms,” found elsewhere in this publication. Figures illustrate the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. A table lists the clinical, epidemiologic, pathogenetic, and therapeutic aspects of infection with various pathotypes of Escherichia coli.
This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 1 table, and 79 references.
Disorders of Macrophages And Dendritic Cells
Authors: Grom Alexei A. , Jordan Michael B , Mo Jun Qin
Published: January 2021

The mononuclear phagocytic system consists of dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes/macrophages, historically referred to as histiocytes. The macrophages exhibit varying degrees of phagocytic activity. DCs typically have dendritic morphology. Their phagocytic activity is limited. Instead, they play a key role in antigen presentation to lymphocytes. The various populations of macrophages and DCs (such as Langerhans cells [LCs] and dermal dendrocytes) are usually distinguished based on characteristic morphology and patterns of expression of specific cell surface and intracellular markers. Abnormal accumulation and behavior of these cells may lead to the development of a spectrum of diseases collectively known as the histiocytoses. Clinically, histiocytic disorders comprise a wide variety of conditions that affect both children and adults and range from benign skin lesions to rapidly progressive life-threatening systemic disorders. LCs play a pivotal role in the development of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, dermal dendrocytes are the predominant cell population in the lesions of juvenile xanthogranuloma, and macrophages are central to the pathogenesis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and related disorders.
This review contains 5 figures, 3 tables, and 77 references.
Key words: dendritic cells, dermal dendrocytes, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, histiocytes, juvenile xanthogranuloma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Langerhans cells, macrophage activation syndrome, macrophages
Inherited Ataxias
Authors: Perlman Susan
Published: January 2021

The inherited ataxias are disorders that cause progressive imbalance as a result of pathology in the cerebellum and its various connecting pathways. Autosomal recessive ataxias include Friedreich ataxia, ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency, ataxia-telangiectasia, and autosomal recessive ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, among others. A discussion of autosomal dominant ataxias covers spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 1 through 14, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and episodic ataxia (EA) syndromes. Clinical features, laboratory studies, differential diagnosis, and management of inherited ataxias are discussed. Tables describe both autosomal recessive ataxias and autosomal dominant ataxias (with known gene loci), childhood– or young adult–onset ataxias with ill-defined genetic abnormalities, phenotypic features that may indicate a specific genotype in the common autosomal dominant ataxias, and normal and expanded ranges of various repetitive nucleotide sequences in inherited ataxias. Figures include a diagrammatic representation of the type of repeat expansions associated with ataxias, aggregates of ataxin 3, a schematic of some of the proposed pathogenic mechanisms in the polyglutamine ataxias, and dystonia in a patient with SCA3. A sidebar offers selected Internet resources for information on ataxias. This chapter contains 64 references.
Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Rodan Lance
Published: January 2021

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are individually rare but have a collective incidence of approximately one in 1000. Most IEM can manifest with neurologic symptoms. It is crucial for the pediatric neurologist to be familiar with the evaluation and management of these disorders because many are amenable to specific treatments. This review provides a category-based approach to the diagnosis and treatment of IEM organized by metabolic pathway and organelle. Categories include disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and carnitine metabolism, urea cycle disorders, organic acidemias, aminoacidopathies, lysosomal disorders, peroxisomal disorders, vitamin- and diet-responsive metabolic epilepsies, and neurotransmitter disorders. Multiple summary tables for quick reference are provided. Figures show mitochondrial β-oxidation and carnitine cycle; urea cycle; T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency presenting with hyperammonemic encephalopathy, propionic academia, methylmalonic academia, glutaric acidemia type 1, ethylmalonic encephalopathy, mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E3 deficiency, untreated biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia disease, homocysteinemia and low plasma methionine (suspected remethylation defect), attenuated Krabbe disease, Hunter syndrome, and GM1-gangliosidosis; branched-chain amino acid catabolic pathway; lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan catabolic pathway; intracellular cobalamin metabolism; metabolism of homocysteine; diffusion-weighted imaging of maple syrup urine disease, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, and poorly controlled phenylketonuria; sphingolipid metabolic pathway; skeletal surveys of Hurler syndrome demonstrating features of dysostosis multiplex and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1; MRI of Salla disease; peroxisomal oxidation reactions, and the biogenic amine biosynthetic pathway. Tables list fatty acid oxidation and carnitine disorders, metabolic myopathies presenting with recurrent rhabdomyolysis, urea cycle disorders, organic acidemias, IEM associated with abnormal head size, cobalamin disorders, aminoacidopathies, IEM associated with abnormal odor, lysosomal disorders, lysosomal disease Symptom categories (Not mutually exclusive), peroxisomal disorders, IEM associated with brain malformations, vitamin- and diet-responsive epilepsies, neurotransmitter disorders, and IEM associated with brain mineralization.
This review contains 26 highly rendered figures, 15 tables, and 71 references.
Key words: Inborn errors of metabolism, organic acidemia, cobalamin disorders, aminoacidopathy, lysosomal disorders
Voiding Cystourethrography
Authors: Palmer Lane S , Howe Adam S
Published: January 2021

The voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a fluoroscopic examination commonly used in pediatrics to assess the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) disease and the structure and function of the bladder and urethra. Along with hydronephrosis and febrile urinary tract infections, the indications for VCUG are vast. Protocols set in place and modern techniques have helped reduce radiation exposure during VCUG to 1.7 to 5.2 mrad. Proper patient preparation and sterile technique during catheter placement are of the upmost importance. The bladder is filled with contrast to the patient’s capacity, followed by the patient voiding. A scout film (anteroposterior [AP]) along with views of early filling (AP), bladder capacity (AP and oblique), voiding (AP and oblique), and postvoid (AP) are obtained. VUR is diagnosed, and its grading system is determined by the VCUG study. Cyclic VCUG, PIC cystography, and radionucleotide VCUG are alternative techniques in diagnosing VUR. Neurogenic bladder, along with its associated pathologies, can be easily characterized by the VCUG examination, as can cloacal and urogenital sinuses via the contrasted study. Bladder ruptures, bladder masses, urachal anomalies, functional disorders of the bladder neck, and a host of urethral pathologies (most notably posterior urethral valves) can be diagnosed by VCUG.
This review contains 62 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 9 references
Key words: voiding cystourethrography, fluoroscopy, radiology, imaging, pediatric, urology, vesicoureteral reflux
Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Khaled Dunia , Delacroix Scott , Chapin Brian
Published: January 2021

After receiving local treatment, many patients will develop a biochemical recurrence (BCR) in the absence of detectable distant disease (cM0) and comprise a significant proportion (20.1%) of prostate cancer disease states. The natural history of patients with BCR ranges from those with indolent, nonprogressive, slow prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-only progression to those ultimately destined to develop metastases and progress to a cancer-specific death. Pathologic predictors of BCR, clinical progression, and cancer-specific mortality are well established in the literature, although multiple novel predictors are emerging, which are highlighted. Traditional imaging cannot reliably distinguish local versus distant microscopic metastasis at the PSA levels that have been shown to confer survival advantage for salvage radiation therapy. We review past and present imaging standards and discuss novel imaging modalities, which may improve staging and offer opportunity for novel salvage therapies, including salvage lymph node dissection and stereotactic beam radiation therapy. With an emphasis on BCR after radical prostatectomy, both curative and palliative treatments are reviewed.

This review contains 7 figures, 6 tables and 73 references
Key words: biochemical recurrence, clinically undetectable metastases, molecular imaging, monitoring treatment response, prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, rising prostate-specific antigen, salvage lymph node dissection, salvage radiation
Linking Kidney and Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes—Impact on Prognostication and Treatment: The 2019 Edwin Bierman Award Lecture
Authors: Rossing Peter , Persson Frederik , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Hansen Tine Willum
Published: January 2021

In diabetes, increasing albuminuria and decreasing glomerular filtration rate are hallmarks of chronic kidney disease in diabetes and increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events and mortality as well as the risk for end-stage kidney disease. For two decades, standard of care has been controlling risk factors, such as glucose, blood pressure, lipids, and lifestyle factors, and specifically use of agents blocking the renin-angiotensin system. This has improved outcome, but a large unmet need has been obvious. After many failed attempts to advance the therapeutic options, the past few years have provided several new promising treatment options such as sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The benefits and side effects of these agents demonstrate the link between kidney and heart; some have beneficial effects on both, whereas for other potentially renoprotective agents, development of heart failure has been a limiting factor. They work on different pathways such as hemodynamic, metabolic, inflammatory, and fibrotic targets. We propose that treatment may be personalized if biomarkers or physiological investigations assessing activity in these pathways are applied. This could potentially pave the way for precision medicine, where treatment is optimized for maximal benefit and minimal adverse outcomes. At least it may help prioritizing agents for an individual subject.
Prediabetes, Diabetes, and the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Japanese Working Population: Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study
Authors: Islam Zobida , Akter Shamima , Inoue Yosuke , Hu Huan , Kuwahara Keisuke , Nakagawa Tohru , Honda Toru , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Okazaki Hiroko , Miyamoto Toshiaki , Ogasawara Takayuki , Sasaki Naoko , Uehara Akihiko , Yamamoto Makoto , Kochi Takeshi , Eguchi Masafumi , Shirasaka Taiki , Shimizu Makiko , Nagahama Satsue , Hori Ai , Imai Teppei , Nishihara Akiko , Tomita Kentaro , Sone Tomofumi , Konishi Maki , Kabe Isamu , Mizoue Tetsuya , Dohi Seitaro
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Prediabetes has been suggested to increase risk for death; however, the definitions of prediabetes that can predict death remain elusive. We prospectively investigated the association of multiple definitions of prediabetes with the risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer in Japanese workers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The study included 62,785 workers who underwent a health checkup in 2010 or 2011 and were followed up for death from 2012 to March 2019. Prediabetes was defined according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values or a combination of both using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) or World Health Organization (WHO)/International Expert Committee (IEC) criteria. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to investigate the associations.

RESULTS

Over a 7-year follow-up, 229 deaths were documented. Compared with normoglycemia, prediabetes defined according to ADA criteria was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.12–2.09) and death due to cancer (HR 2.37; 95% CI 1.45–3.89) but not with death due to CVD. The results were materially unchanged when prediabetes was defined according to ADA FPG, ADA HbA1c, WHO FPG, or combined WHO/IEC criteria. Diabetes was associated with the risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer deaths.

CONCLUSIONS

In a cohort of Japanese workers, FPG- and HbA1c-defined prediabetes, according to ADA or WHO/IEC, were associated with a significantly increased risk of death from all causes and cancer but not CVD.
Deserción escolar en la educación superior en México: revisión de literatura
Authors: Rochin Berumen Fabiola Lydie
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión de literatura para conocer algunas definiciones, así como las causas que generan la deserción escolar en el nivel universitario. El enfoque metodológico empleado fue cualitativo, para lo cual se tomaron en cuenta los métodos bibliográfico, histórico-lógico, analítico, sintético y descriptivo; el proceso de revisión literaria permitió determinar y extraer la información más destacada contenida en diferentes fuentes, como la ofrecida en los portales Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, así como en los buscadores Google Scholar y Mendely. Algunas de las causas señaladas en el presente documento en torno a la deserción escolar tienen que ver con las fallas latentes en los planes y programas de estudio, las deficiencias en la preparación y actualización del personal docente, las dificultades familiares que debe enfrentar el estudiante o la carencia de un objetivo o proyecto de vida de su parte. En conclusión, se puede afirmar que las instituciones de educación superior deben involucrarse de forma más activa en dicho fenómeno, lo cual se puede lograr actualizando sus programas académicos e incluyendo estrategias didácticas, asesorías y seguimiento a los estudiantes mediante tutorías. Asimismo, se debe trabajar en el aspecto emocional de los estudiantes, para lo cual se debe lograr establecer empatía para facilitar la adaptación, en especial en el primer año universitario.
SecuenciaLab: laboratorio de simulación para entrenamiento en manejo de sistemas de control electromecánicos
Authors: Santoyo Sanchez Alejandra , López de Alba Carlos , Castillo Serrano Cristian Michell
Published: January 2021

Los laboratorios virtuales se han utilizado en la educación como sistemas de entrenamiento a través de prácticas/experimentos para desarrollar en los estudiantes habilidades o capacidades que permitan desempeñar una tarea aún no aprendida utilizando ciertos equipos a través de un modelo de enseñanza no presencial. Sin embargo, en México existe poca documentación respecto al desarrollo y/o utilización de esta tecnología. Para incorporar y evaluar la efectividad de esta herramienta tecnológica, el presente trabajo se enfocó en el desarrollo y evaluación del laboratorio virtual SecuenciaLab, el cual se implementó considerando dos elementos principales: 1) un simulador que funciona como una aplicación de escritorio para la creación, diseño y prueba de sistemas de control secuencial, enfocado a reforzar la educación de los estudiantes de nivel licenciatura o superior relacionados con la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica, 2) una plataforma de aprendizaje para el control de prácticas, clases, reportes de evaluación, reportes de grupo y evaluación. La evaluación de la efectividad de la herramienta se realizó a través de pruebas piloto en el equipo de desarrollo junto a la asesoría de un grupo de docentes. Además, se efectuaron algunas pruebas preliminares con grupos de control para contrastar el desempeño y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes que utilizaron el simulador y aquellos que no lo hicieron. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes que utilizaron el laboratorio virtual SecuenciaLab obtuvieron una calificación promedio de 10.85 puntos más que quienes no lo usaron.
Los recursos económicos para la investigación y su impacto en estudiantes de posgrado
Authors: Peinado Camacho José de Jesús
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue mostrar datos cuantitativos de los recursos para la investigación y su impacto en los estudiantes de posgrado del Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. La pregunta que guio el presente estudio fue la siguiente: ¿cuál es la relación que existe entre los recursos para la investigación y su impacto en los estudiantes de posgrado? El diseño de la investigación fue no experimental, y la metodología que se utilizó fue cuantitativa, mientras que el enfoque del estudio fue exploratorio y descriptivo. Como técnica de investigación se utilizó el estudio de caso. Los resultados de la investigación revelaron que el número de proyectos de investigación con financiamiento interno fue disminuyendo de 14 en el año 2015 a 13 en el 2016, y 11 en el año 2017, pero en el año 2018 se incrementó a 16. Se evidenció que el monto de recursos económicos no es directamente proporcional al número de proyectos de investigación, pues si bien en el año 2018 hubo un incremento de cinco trabajos con respecto al año anterior, en esa fecha el monto de los recursos no se elevó sustancialmente. Asimismo, la cantidad de estudiantes participantes en proyectos de investigación fue decreciendo: los datos indicaron que en el 2015 participó 51.6 % de los estudiantes de maestría y doctorado, 48.3 % en 2016, 38.5 % en 2017 y 37.5 % en 2018. Esta tendencia no fue proporcional con el número de proyectos. Los productos de investigación que se encontraron relacionados con los proyectos y con los estudiantes de posgrado fueron las tesis y las publicaciones. Las primeras incidieron abiertamente en los estudiantes, en los profesores investigadores y en el posgrado. Las segundas trascendieron en los estudiantes de doctorado debido a que fue un requisito para graduarse. Se concluye que la realización de proyectos de investigación se relaciona a la cantidad de recursos económicos y es un elemento inherente a la existencia del posgrado. Las tesis y las publicaciones que se derivan de ellos son evidencia tangible de su magnitud, además de favorecer la formación de los estudiantes en la investigación. Estudiar y medir estos elementos permite describir su composición, conocer su interacción y reflexionar sobre sus propósitos intrínsecos para optimizar su entendimiento.
Rural-Urban Migration Pathways and Residential Segregation in the Helsinki Region
Authors: Karhula Aleksi , McMullin Patricia , Sutela Elina , Ala-Mantila Sanna , Ruonavaara Hannu
Published: January 2021

Migration and residential segregation are intrinsically linked. However, little attention has been given to internal migration and its relationship with socioeconomic segregation. In this study, we illustrate the pathways individuals take between rural and urban settings and examine the association between these pathways and segregation in the Helsinki region. We use register data from Statistics Finland and sequence analysis to illustrate the mobility patterns of two 1980s birth cohorts aged 7 to 37. The majority of Finnish rural-urban pathways are associated with either a childhood spent in an urban area or a move to an urban area in young adulthood. We show that an even larger majority of people living in Helsinki at age 37 spent their childhood there or in other urban environments. We find that internal migrants are positively selected for education and income. A childhood in the outer urban regions of a city reduces the probability of living in lowincome neighbourhoods when controlling for socioeconomic status and family structure. We found no association between rural childhood and living in poor neighbourhoods.
Analysis of 13 TP53 and WRAP53 polymorphism frequencies in russian populations
Authors: Olkova MV , Petrushenko VS , Ponomarev GYu
Published: January 2021

In the last decade the search for and annotation of human genome polymorphisms associated with phenotype have become particularly important concerning the opportunity of their use in medical and population genetics, pharmacogenomics and evolutionary biology. The study was aimed to calculate the frequencies and analyze the prevalence of 13 germline polymorphisms of two genes, ТР53 encoding the genome-keeper p53 protein and WRAP53 involved in regulation of p53 production, in 28 Russian populations. We obtained data on 9 exonic ТР53 variants (rs587781663, rs17882252, rs150293825, rs112431538, rs149633775, rs144340710, rs1042522, rs1800371, rs201753350), one intronic polymorphism (rs17881850), and three variants of WRAP53 (rs17880282, rs2287499, rs34067256). In the majority of populations the sample size was over 50 people (except five populations with 30–49 surveyed people). The alternative alleles’ population frequencies for studies genetic variants in most Russian populations were close to appropriate allele frequencies in European and Asian populations of similar origin taken from global databases. The exceptions were six populations ("Central Caucasus", "Dagestan", "northern Russians", "southeastern Russians", "Tatars" and "Transcaucasia") with increased alternative alleles’ population frequencies. All listed populations except the population of “southeastern Russians” are characterized by polymorphisms with high allele frequencies not satisfying the Hardy–Weinberg principle.
A Bibliometric Review of Stock Market Prediction: Perspective of Emerging Markets
Authors: Somanathan Arjun Remadevi , Rama Suprabha Kudigrama
Published: January 2021

The objective of the paper is to identify predictive models in stock market prediction focusing on a scenario of the emerging markets. An exploratory analysis and conceptual modelling based on the extant literature during 1933 to 2020 have been used in the study. The databases of Web of Science, Scopus, and JSTOR ensure the reliability of the literature. Bibliometrics and scientometric techniques have been applied to the retrieved articles to create a conceptual framework by mapping interlinks and limitations in past studies. Focus of research is hybrid models that integrate big data, social media, and real-time streaming data. Key finding is that actual phenomena affecting stock market sectors are diverse and, hence, limited in generalization. The future research must focus on models empirically validated within the emerging markets. Such an approach will offer an insight to analysts and researchers, policymakers or regulators.
Lightweight Coordination Patterns for Applications of the Internet of Things
Authors: Mufti Waseem Akhtar
Published: January 2021

Applications of the Internet of Things (IoT) are famously known for connecting devices via the internet. The main purpose of IoT systems (wireless or wired) is to connect devices together for data collection, buffering and data gateway. The collected large size of data is often captured from remote sources for automatic data analytics or for direct decision making by its users. This paper applies the programming pattern for Big Data in IoT systems that makes use of lightweight Java methods, introduced in the recently published work on ClientNet Distributed Cluster. Considering Big Data in IoT systems means the sensing of data from different resources, the network of IoT devices collaborating in data collection and processing; and the gateways servers where the resulting big data is supposed to be directed or further processed. This mainly involves resolving the issues of Big Data, i.e., the size and the network transfer speed along with many other issues of coordination and concurrency. The computer network that connects IoT may further include techniques such as Fog and Edge computing that resolve much of the network issues. This paper provides solutions to these problems that occur in wireless and wired systems. The talk is about the ClientNet programming model and its application in IoT systems for orchestration, such as coordination, data communication, device identification and synchronization between the gateway servers and devices. These devices include sensors attached with appliances (e.g., home automations, supply chain systems, light and heavy machines, vehicles, power grids etc.) or buildings, bridges and computers running data processing applications. As described in earlier papers, the introduced ClientNet techniques prevent from big data transfers and streaming that occupy more resources (hardware and bandwidth) and time. The idea is motivated by Big Data problems that make it difficult to collect it from different resources through small devices and then redirecting it. The proposed programming model of ClientNet Distributed Cluster stores Big Data on the nearest server coordinated by the nearest coordinator. The gateways and the systems that run analytics programs communicate by running programs from other computers when it is essentially required. This makes it possible to let Big Data rarely move across a communication network and allow only the source code to move around the network. The given programming model greatly simplifies data communication overheads, communication patterns among devices, networks and servers.
The Effects of Antioxidants Provided with Feed on Certain Quality Parameters of Bull Semen Under Heat Stress Conditions
Authors: Slobodan Petrović , Milan Maletić , Nada Lakić , Nevenka Aleksić , Jelena Maletić , Marko Ristanić , Zoran Stanimirović
Published: January 2021

The aim of the current research was to assess the effects of the feed additive made of lyophilised melon juice (source of superoxide dismutase, SOD) and inactivated live Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain R397) cells added to the feed via the product containing high levels of organically bound selenium (source of selenium-dependant glutathione peroxidase, Se-GPx) on the semen quality of bulls in heat stress conditions. The 15 bulls chosen for the experiment were assigned to three equal groups (control –group C; treated group M, given the source of SOD; and group A, treated with the source of Se-GPx). The research was conducted in summer. The activities of SOD and Se-GPx in seminal plasma were determined spectrophotometrically. Computer-assisted semen analysis was done to determine the sperm counts, motility and velocity. The temperature and humidity were recorded with a digital data logger.

The average SOD activity in the control bulls was significantly lower than in M (p<0.001) and A (p<0.001), whilst the average activities in the treated groups did not differ significantly (p=0.784). Higher average SOD activity compared to the control in the treated groups showed that both feed additives increased the antioxidative capacity of the seminal fluid. The average GPx activity in the control was significantly lower than in groups A (p=0.001) and M (p=0.005), whilst the two treatments did not lead to significantly different results (p=0.701). The analysis of relations between the activity of each enzyme and sperm motility and progressive motility in each of the bulls failed to detect a significant correlation. The analysis of the relation between THI (temperature-humidity index) and the activity of the antioxidative enzymes revealed that the increase in THI coincided with the decrease in the SOD activity in the control group, but with its increase in the treated groups (p>0.05). In all of the three groups with the increase in THI there was an increase in GPx activity (p>0.05). It can be concluded that in all of the three groups of bulls there was an increase in the activity of both enzymes in the seminal plasma, but the increase was significantly lower in the control. Thus, the antioxidative capacity of the seminal plasma of untreated bulls was proven to be lower in comparison with those of the treated animals.
Corporate governance in the public sector: Reflections on experience in Ireland
Authors: Horan Aidan , Mulreany Michael
Published: January 2021

The article proceeds from the context for corporate governance in the public sector in Ireland. It examines the adoption and evolution of corporate governance guidance, standards and codes, and focuses on the Code of Practice for the Governance of State Bodies. In reflecting on the scope and depth of the provisions of the state body code, the article points to various implementation challenges using examples in the areas of culture, risk appetite and assurance arrangements. The article concludes by pointing to future challenges and suggestions for a research agenda for corporate governance in the public sector in Ireland.