bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐silica Cu‐CHA Zeolite Enriched with Al Pairs Transcribed from Silicoaluminophosphate Seed: Synthesis and Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction Performance
Authors: Wang Yunzheng , Han Jinfeng , Chen Mengyang , Lv Wenting , Meng Pengtong , Gao Wei , Meng Xiangju , Fan Weibin , Xu Jun , Yan Wenfu , Yu Jihong
Published: May 2023

Cu‐exchanged low‐silica CHA zeolites (Si/Al≤4) synthesized without organic templates are promising candidate catalysts for ammonia selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NH3‐SCR), but their practical application is restricted due to the low hydrothermal stability. Here, inspired by the transcription from duplex DNA to RNA, we synthesized Al pairs enriched low‐silica CHA zeolite (CHA‐SPAEI, Si/Al=3.7) by using silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) featured by strict alternation of −Al−O−P(Si)−O−Al−O− tetrahedra as seed. The proportion of Al pairs in CHA−SPAEI is 78 %, which is much higher than that in the conventional low‐silica CHA (CHA‐LS, 52 %). After hydrothermal ageing at 800 °C for 6 h, Cu‐exchanged CHA‐SPAEI shows NO conversion above 90 % within 225–500 °C under a gas hourly space velocity of 200,000 h−1, which is much better than that of Cu‐exchanged CHA‐LS. The spatial close proximity of Al pairs in CHA‐SPAEI is confirmed by the 27Al double‐quantum single‐quantum two‐dimensional NMR analyses. The strict −P(Si)−O−Al−O−P(Si)−O‐ sequence in the fragments from the dissolution of SAPO seed promotes the Al pairs with the −Al−O−Si−O−Al−O− sequence via a transcription process. The utilization of aluminophosphate‐based zeolites as seeds opens up a new avenue for the regulation of the Al distribution in zeolites.
Impact of Electrode Architecture on Electrochemical Performance of Aqueous Processed, High‐Loaded Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Nagler Felix , Flegler Andreas , Giffin Guinevere A.
Published: May 2023

This study compares two electrode architectures, one with a porous carbon current collector (PC) and the other with a state‐of‐the‐art aluminum foil current collector (AF). The results show that the porous carbon outperforms the aluminum foil at high loadings (∼8 mAh/cm2) during cycling, likely due to better adhesion. The characterization methods used in the study include electrochemical cycling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These methods provide insight into the performance of the two electrode architectures and allow for a comprehensive comparison between them. The findings of this study indicate that the use of porous carbon as a current collector can lead to improved performance in high‐loading electrode applications, making it a promising alternative to traditional aluminum foil current collectors.
Curcumin inhibits colon cancer malignant progression and promotes T cell killing by regulating miR‐206 expression
Authors: Tong Qin , Wu Zhangqiang
Published: May 2023

Colon cancer is a great threat to human health. Curcumin, as a traditional Chinese medicine extract with anti‐tumor and anti‐inflammatory effects, can affect the development of diverse human diseases including cancer. The aim of this research was to probe the mechanism by which curcumin regulates colon cancer progression. Colon cancer cells were processed with graded concentrations of curcumin. The proliferation and apoptosis of the treated cells were determined by MTT, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. Expression of signaling pathway‐related proteins and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) was measured by western blotting. The effect of curcumin on tumor cell growth was verified through T cell‐mediated killing and ELISA assays. The relationship between target gene expression and the survival rate of colon cancer patients was analyzed by a survival curve. Curcumin treatment restrained proliferation and accelerated apoptosis of colon cancer cells. It elevated miR‐206 expression, which in turn affected colon cancer cell function. miR‐206 enhanced colon cancer cell apoptosis and inhibited PD‐L1 expression; thus, curcumin enhanced the killing effect of T cells on tumor cells by suppressing PD‐L1 through inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Patients with high expression of miR‐206 had better survival rates than those with low expression. Curcumin can regulate miR‐206 expression and inhibit the malignant behavior of colon cancer cells and enhance T cell killing through the JAK/STAT3 pathway.
Molecular and phenotypic characteristics influencing the degree of cytoreduction in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Torkildsen Cecilie Fredvik , Thomsen Liv Cecilie Vestrheim , Sande Ragnar Kvie , Krakstad Camilla , Stefansson Ingunn , Lamark Eva Karin , Knappskog Stian , Bjørge Line
Published: May 2023

Background

High‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the deadliest ovarian cancer subtype, and survival relates to initial cytoreductive surgical treatment. The existing tools for surgical outcome prediction remain inadequate for anticipating the outcomes of the complex relationship between tumour biology, clinical phenotypes, co‐morbidity and surgical skills. In this genotype–phenotype association study, we combine phenotypic markers with targeted DNA sequencing to discover novel biomarkers to guide the surgical management of primary HGSOC.

Methods

Primary tumour tissue samples (n = 97) and matched blood from a phenotypically well‐characterised treatment‐naïve HGSOC patient cohort were analysed by targeted massive parallel DNA sequencing (next generation sequencing [NGS]) of a panel of 360 cancer‐related genes. Association analyses were performed on phenotypic traits related to complete cytoreductive surgery, while logistic regression analysis was applied for the predictive model.

Results

The positive influence of complete cytoreductive surgery (R0) on overall survival was confirmed (p = 0.003). Before surgery, low volumes of ascitic fluid, lower CA125 levels, higher platelet counts and relatively lower clinical stage at diagnosis were all indicators, alone and combined, for complete cytoreduction (R0). Mutations in either the chromatin remodelling SWI_SNF (p = 0.036) pathway or the histone H3K4 methylation pathway (p = 0.034) correlated with R0. The R0 group also demonstrated higher tumour mutational burden levels (p = 0.028). A predictive model was developed by combining two phenotypes and the mutational status of five genes and one genetic pathway, enabling the prediction of surgical outcomes in 87.6% of the cases in this cohort.

Conclusion

Inclusion of molecular biomarkers adds value to the pre‐operative stratification of HGSOC patients. A potential preoperative risk stratification model combining phenotypic traits and single‐gene mutational status is suggested, but the set‐up needs to be validated in larger cohorts.
Efficacy of fusion imaging for immediate post‐ablation assessment of malignant liver neoplasms: A systematic review
Authors: Rai Pragati , Ansari Mohammed Yusuf , Warfa Mohammed , Al‐Hamar Hammad , Abinahed Julien , Barah Ali , Dakua Sarada Prasad , Balakrishnan Shidin
Published: May 2023

Background

Percutaneous thermal ablation has become the preferred therapeutic treatment option for liver cancers that cannot be resected. Since ablative zone tissue changes over time, it becomes challenging to determine therapy effectiveness over an extended period. Thus, an immediate post‐procedural evaluation of the ablation zone is crucial, as it could influence the need for a second‐look treatment or follow‐up plan. Assessing treatment response immediately after ablation is essential to attain favorable outcomes. This study examines the efficacy of image fusion strategies immediately post‐ablation in liver neoplasms to determine therapeutic response.

Methodology

A comprehensive systematic search using PRISMA methodology was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE (via PUBMED), and Cochrane Library Central Registry electronic databases to identify articles that assessed the immediate post‐ablation response in malignant hepatic tumors with fusion imaging (FI) systems. The data were retrieved on relevant clinical characteristics, including population demographics, pre‐intervention clinical history, lesion characteristics, and intervention type. For the outcome metrics, variables such as average fusion time, intervention metrics, technical success rate, ablative safety margin, supplementary ablation rate, technical efficacy rate, LTP rates, and reported complications were extracted.

Results

Twenty‐two studies were included for review after fulfilling the study eligibility criteria. FI's immediate technical success rate ranged from 81.3% to 100% in 17/22 studies. In 16/22 studies, the ablative safety margin was assessed immediately after ablation. Supplementary ablation was performed in 9 studies following immediate evaluation by FI. In 15/22 studies, the technical effectiveness rates during the first follow‐up varied from 89.3% to 100%.

Conclusion

Based on the studies included, we found that FI can accurately determine the immediate therapeutic response in liver cancer ablation image fusion and could be a feasible intraprocedural tool for determining short‐term post‐ablation outcomes in unresectable liver neoplasms. There are some technical challenges that limit the widespread adoption of FI techniques. Large‐scale randomized trials are warranted to improve on existing protocols. Future research should emphasize improving FI's technological capabilities and clinical applicability to a broader range of tumor types and ablation procedures.
HPV E6 promotes cell proliferation of cervical cancer cell by accelerating accumulation of RBM15 dependently of autophagy inhibition
Authors: Nie Gang , Tang Bo , Lv Mingfen , Li Danyang , Li Tian , Ou Rongying , Xu Yunsheng , Wen Juan
Published: May 2023

The mechanism of m6A modification in HPV‐related cervical cancer remains unclear. This study explored the role of methyltransferase components in HPV‐related cervical cancer and the mechanism. The levels of methyltransferase components and autophagy, ubiquitylation of RBM15 protein and the co‐localization of lysosomal markers LAMP2A and RBM15 were measured. CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry, clone formation experiment and immunofluorescence assay were conducted to measure cell proliferation. The mouse tumor model was developed to study the cell growth in vivo. The binding of RBM15 to c‐myc mRNA and m6A modifcation of c‐myc mRNA were analyzed. The expressions of METTL3, RBM15 and WTAP were higher in HPV‐positive cervical cancer cell lines than those in HPV‐negative cells, especially RBM15. HPV‐E6 knock‐down inhibited the expression of RBM15 protein and promoted its degradation, but couldn't change its mRNA level. Autophagy inhibitor and proteasome inhibitor could reverse those effects. HPV‐E6 siRNA could not enhance ubiquitylation modification of RBM15, but could enhance autophagy and the co‐localization of RBM15 and LAMP2A. RBM15 overexpression could enhance cell proliferation, block the inhibitory effects of HPV‐E6 siRNA on cell growth, and these effects could be reserved by cycloeucine. RBM15 could bind to c‐myc mRNA, resulting in an increase to m6A level and protein expression of c‐myc, which could be blocked by cycloeucine. HPV‐E6 can downregulate autophagy, inhibit the degradation of RBM15 protein, induce the accumulation of intracellular RBM15, and increase the m6A modification on c‐myc mRNA, resulting in an increase of c‐myc protein and a growth promotion for cervical cancer cells.
A machine learning algorithm to predict a culprit lesion after out of hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Pareek Nilesh , Frohmaier Christopher , Smith Mathew , Kordis Peter , Cannata Antonio , Nevett Jo , Fothergill Rachael , Nichol Robert C. , Sullivan Mark , Sunderland Nicholas , Johnson Thomas W. , Noc Marko , Byrne Jonathan , MacCarthy Philip , Shah Ajay M.
Published: May 2023

Background

We aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict the presence of a culprit lesion in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods

We used the King's Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry, a retrospective cohort of 398 patients admitted to King's College Hospital between May 2012 and December 2017. The primary outcome was the presence of a culprit coronary artery lesion, for which a gradient boosting model was optimized to predict. The algorithm was then validated in two independent European cohorts comprising 568 patients.

Results

A culprit lesion was observed in 209/309 (67.4%) patients receiving early coronary angiography in the development, and 199/293 (67.9%) in the Ljubljana and 102/132 (61.1%) in the Bristol validation cohorts, respectively. The algorithm, which is presented as a web application, incorporates nine variables including age, a localizing feature on electrocardiogram (ECG) (≥2 mm of ST change in contiguous leads), regional wall motion abnormality, history of vascular disease and initial shockable rhythm. This model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 in the development and 0.83/0.81 in the validation cohorts with good calibration and outperforms the current gold standard‐ECG alone (AUC: 0.69/0.67/0/67).

Conclusions

A novel simple machine learning‐derived algorithm can be applied to patients with OHCA, to predict a culprit coronary artery disease lesion with high accuracy.
Anemia and periprocedural complications determine contrast‐associated acute kidney injury after recanalization of chronic coronary occlusions in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Werner Gerald S. , Lorenz Simon , Dimitriadis Zisis , Krueger Bernd
Published: May 2023

Background

Contrast‐associated acute kidney injury (CA‐AKI) is a potential risk associated with the percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) for chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) particularly with pre‐existing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The determinants of CA‐AKI in patients with pre‐existing CKD in an era of advanced strategies of CTO recanalization techniques need to be considered for a risk evaluation of the procedure.

Methods

A consecutive cohort of 2504 recanalization procedures for a CTO between 2013 and 2022 was analyzed. Of these, 514 (20.5%) were done in patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min based on the most recently used CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation).

Results

The rate of patients classified to have CKD would be lower with 14.2% using the Cockcroft‐Gault equation, and 18.1% using the modified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. The technical success was high with 94.9% and 96.8% (p = 0.04) between patients with and without CKD. The incidence of CA‐AKI was 9.9% versus 4.3% (p < 0.001). The major determinants of CA‐AKI in patients with CKD were the presence of diabetes and a reduced ejection fraction, as well as periprocedural blood loss, whereas a higher baseline hemoglobin and the use of the radial approach prevented CA‐AKI.

Conclusions

In patients with CKD CTO PCI could be performed successfully at a higher cost of CA‐AKI. Correcting preprocedural anemia and avoiding intraprocedural blood loss may reduce the incidence of CA‐AKI.
Homogeneous Ruthenium catalyzed Hydrogenation of Furanoate Esters and Ether‐containing aliphatic Esters into primary Alcohols
Authors: Saudan Lionel , Quintaine Julie
Published: May 2023

Furanoate esters have been hydrogenated successfully with ruthenium complexes bearing tetradentate ligands in high yield, high selectivity and with a low catalyst loading. The catalysts and the reaction conditions described herein enabled the facile reduction of a variety of substituted 2‐ and 3‐furanoate esters, with the latter being never reduced before under catalytic hydrogenation conditions. Furthermore, several well‐defined ruthenium complexes were evaluated and compared, with bis‐imino complexes being the most versatile in terms of reactivity and selectivity.
The equity group: Supporting Cochrane's social responsibility of improving health equity
Authors: Parker Roses , Petkovic Jennifer , Pardo Pardo Jordi , Darzi Andrea , Dewidar Omar , Khabsa Joanne , Kristjansson Elizabeth , Lotfi Tamara , Magwood Olivia , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Pottie Kevin , Riddle Alison , Saad Ammar , Tomlinson Eve , Tugwell Peter , Welch Vivian
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Health equity is a moral and ethical imperative for clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and all who use health research. Both Cochrane and the Campbell Collaboration have focused on health equity for many years.

Methods

The new Equity Group will continue and expand this work by designing a program of projects aiming to (1) promote equity in the evidence base, (2) ensure equitable processes for stakeholder engagement, (3) produce high‐priority, equity‐focused evidence syntheses, (4) build capacity for equity design, analysis, and reporting, and (5) promote equity in implementation tools.

Results

We will build on our current network of collaborators and create a group structure striving to recruit across the PROGRESS‐Plus characteristics.

Conclusion

We invite readers to join our cause and contribute wherever they are able. Together, we can help Cochrane achieve its social responsibility of improving health equity at a planetary level.
Facile Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure P‐Chiral 1‐Alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophospholes via Nucleophilic P‐N Bond Cleavage of a 1‐Phospha‐2‐azanorbornene
Authors: Ramazanova Kyzgaldak , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: May 2023

The reactive P−N bond in a racemic mixture of endo‐1‐phospha‐2‐azanorbornene (PAN) (RP/SP)‐endo‐1 is readily cleaved with enantiomerically pure lithium alkoxides followed by protonation to afford diastereomeric mixtures of P‐chiral 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophosphole derivatives. The isolation of these compounds is rather challenging due to the reversibility of the reaction (elimination of alcohols). However, methylation of the sulfonamide moiety of the intermediate lithium salts and sulfur protection of the phosphorus atom prevent the elimination reaction. The resulting air‐stable P‐chiral diastereomeric 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophosphole sulfide mixtures can be readily isolated and fully characterized. The diastereomers can be separated by crystallization. The 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophosphole sulfides are readily reduced with Raney nickel to afford phosphorus(III) P‐stereogenic 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dihydrophospholes with potential use in asymmetric homogeneous transition metal catalysis.
In Situ Generation of Magnesium‐ and Calcium‐Based Grignard Reagents for Amide Synthesis
Authors: Schüler Philipp , Sengupta Simon , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: May 2023

The alkaline‐earth metals Mg and Ca are too inert for the direct metalation of primary and secondary amines. Consequently, activation prior to use is required. Alternatively, theGrignardreagents RMgX (R=alkyl, aryl, X=halide) can be applied in metalation of amines. However, such a straightforward procedure for the synthesis of alkylcalcium reagents is disadvantageous due to diverse side reactions, includingWurtz‐type C−C coupling and ether degradation reactions. Therefore, suspensions of magnesium or calcium with amine can be treated in a smooth reaction with ethyl bromide in an ethereal solvent at room temperature. Intermediately formed RAeX (Ae=alkaline‐earth metal, i. e., Mg, Ca) either metalates amines yielding the corresponding amides in an in situGrignardmetalation method (iGMM) or adds across C=N bonds of imines in an in situGrignardaddition method (iGAM). The amides R’2N‐AeX (Ae=Mg:Hauserbases) undergoSchlenk‐type ligand exchange reactions yielding homoleptic Ae(NR’2)2and potentially sparingly soluble AeX2.
Fluorescence of Single Conjugated Chains of MEH‐PPV Dispersed in Polymer Matrix: What Do We See in the Microscope?†
Authors: Xie Mingyi , Kuzimenkova Marina V. , Larsson Per‐Olof , Tian Yuxi , Scheblykin Ivan G.
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

It has been a mystery that the detected fluorescence intensity of single MEH‐PPV molecules is much lower than expected based on their chain length. In this review, after re‐evaluating of the literature data in the light of new specially designed experiments, we present a comprehensive explanation of this issue: The actual size of MEH‐PPV molecules at single molecule level is much smaller than expected due to de‐aggregation and chain scission, while static quenching ("dark matter") also exists for large molecules, further reducing their brightness.
π‐Extension of Isoindigos (IIDs) through C—H/N—H Activation and Alkyne Annulation†
Authors: Wang Kang , Chen Liangliang , Huang Yan‐Ying , Qin Liyuan , Li Cheng , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Luo Feixian , Duan Zheng , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Isoindigo (IID) is widely used as organic dye and conjugated unit in opto‐electronic materials. Functionalization of IID to increase its structural complexity is demanding for obtaining diversity properties. Herein, we developed a direct C—H/N—H activation method of IIDs via double alkyne annulations and synthesized π‐extended IIDs with two pairs of 5/7 membered rings. The structure of the π‐extended IIDs was characterized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and X ray crystal analysis. Their physical properties were characterized by UV‐vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The absorption coefficient of the annulated products enhanced significantly compared with the non‐annulated analogue.
Sensor information‐based crop recommendation system using machine learning for the fertile regions of Maharashtra
Authors: Shingade Sachin Dattatraya , Mudhalwadkar Rohini Prashant
Published: May 2023

Agriculture is the major backbone of India. Therefore, the crop recommendation system is important for the farmers and the country as it reflects the country's economic growth. The crop yield rate is affected due to various parameters such as climatic changes, soil properties, temperature, humidity and so forth. An effective prediction system is required to monitor the field and suggest suitable crops that can provide a maximum yield rate. Therefore, a prediction system is developed in the proposed framework for crop recommendation using the sensor information collected from Maharashtra, India. The dataset has been built with the information collected by 250 sensors located in different Maharashtra places. Initially, the gathered dataset is subjected to preprocessing steps like data cleaning, removing duplicate values, and filling up the missing values. Then, robust and flexible machine learning models like decision tree, random forest, and support vector machine are used, which analyze the preprocessed data and predict the suitable crops that show high yield for a particular area. The implementation of the proposed framework is done using Python. The RF classifier achieved the highest accuracy rate of 95% among the three classifiers.
Interaction of Cyanoacrylate with Metal Oxide Surfaces (Cu, Al)
Authors: Moritz Philipp , Höfft Oliver , Wegewitz Lienhard , Maus‐Friedrichs Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Maus‐Friedrichs’ group at the Clausthal University of Technology. The image shows the molecular interaction formed at the interface between the adhesive cyanoacrylate and a natively oxidized copper or aluminium surface. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300076.
Measuring Motivation Using the Progressive Ratio Task in Adolescent Mice
Authors: Cambre Emily , Christenfeld Elena , Torres Arturo Herraez , Canetta Sarah
Published: May 2023

Alterations in reward seeking are a hallmark of multiple psychiatric disorders, including substance abuse and depression. One important aspect of reward seeking is ‘wanting’, which can be operationalized in both humans and rodents in tasks such as the progressive ratio, in which an increasing amount of work is required to earn a given reward. Importantly, many disorders with reward‐seeking deficits are believed to have an important neurodevelopmental component, underscoring the importance of being able to study changes in motivation across the lifespan. Although this task has been adapted for both adult and adolescent rats, in mice it has predominantly been used to assay motivational changes in adults. Specific concerns in adapting this task from adult to adolescent mice include (1) optimizing a food restriction paradigm suitable for growing animals whose weights are naturally dynamically changing and (2) identifying task conditions that allow younger, smaller mice to perform the task while minimizing the length of the behavioral shaping required to measure motivation at specific developmental dates. Toward that end, we now report a protocol for appropriate weight management in developing animals that require food restriction, and a protocol for behavioral shaping and progressive ratio testing in adolescent mice, including an assessment of whether the animals perform better with lever presses or nose pokes as the required operant response. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Food restriction and weight management in the context of developing mice

Alternate Protocol: Food restriction and weight management of developing mice without projected growth chart: Utilization of baseline mice

Basic Protocol 2: Operant box design, progressive ratio training, testing, and data analysis in adolescent mice
Understand the intersection of disability harassment and free speech
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2023

Disability harassment is a common problem on campus. However, colleges and universities sometimes have difficulty identifying and addressing such harassment, especially when it involves speech.
Study finds training in ASD and ID at psychiatry programs deficient
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2023

The journal Autism recently published a study about the quality of training that psychiatric program residents receive in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, as measured by lectures and patient contact. Psychiatrists are one of the care professionals with whom students with autism and ID frequently interact. However, the study concludes that there is a shortage of psychiatrists to treat such conditions — and a lack of adequate training/education on these conditions in many psychiatric residency programs.
Emerging roles of host and microbial bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Kayama Hisako , Takeda Kiyoshi
Published: May 2023

The intestinal tract harbors diverse microorganisms, host‐ and microbiota‐derived metabolites, and potentially harmful dietary antigens. The epithelial barrier separates the mucosa, where diverse immune cells exist, from the lumen to avoid excessive immune reactions against microbes and dietary antigens. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is characterized by a chronic and relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise etiology of IBD is still largely unknown, accumulating evidence suggests that IBD is multifactorial, involving host genetics and microbiota. Alterations in the metabolomic profiles and microbial community are features of IBD. Advances in mass spectrometry–based lipidomic technologies enable the identification of changes in the composition of intestinal lipid species in IBD. Because lipids have a wide range of functions, including signal transduction and cell membrane formation, the dysregulation of lipid metabolism drastically affects the physiology of the host and microorganisms. Therefore, a better understanding of the intimate interactions of intestinal lipids with host cells that are implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation might aid in the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IBD. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which host and microbial lipids control and maintain intestinal health and diseases.
Catalytic Performance of Amorphous Ti/SiO2 in the Gas‐Phase Epoxidation of Propylene with H2O2
Authors: Gao Bize , Zhu Quanren , Yi Yanhui , Li Yue , Wu Guoxing , Guo Yitong , Feng Zhaochi , Guo Hongchen
Published: May 2023

The epoxidation of propylene with dilute H2O2 aqueous solution over titanium silicalite‐1 (TS‐1) zeolite catalyst is a green chemical reaction for propylene oxide (PO) production. Carrying out the reaction in gas‐phase can get rid of problems caused by using methanol solvent. This paper reports an attempt of using non‐zeolite catalyst for the gas‐phase epoxidation. Amorphous Ti/SiO2, obtained by grafting amorphous SiO2 with TCl4 in ethanol solvent in a chemical liquid‐phase deposition (CLD) process, has been used as the catalyst. Results show that the CLD Ti/SiO2 with appropriate Si/Ti molar ratio is an active catalyst for gas‐phase epoxidation, achieving 9.8 % propylene conversion and 66.9 % PO selectivity with 40.3 % H2O2 utilization, which indicates that this amorphous Ti/SiO2 catalyst deserves extensive studies in the future.
A One‐Pot Approach to Multi‐Substituted Fused Aziridines: Formal Intermolecular [2+1] Cycloaddition Reaction between Saccharin‐Derived Cyclic Ketimines and Sulfur Ylides
Authors: Lin Chao , Wang Mao‐Chang , Wie Peng , Xing Qi , Liu Chen‐He
Published: May 2023

Herein a concise and efficient method for the synthesis of aziridines has been developed. The reaction proceeds through a formal intermolecular [2+1] cycloaddition reaction of saccharin‐derived cyclic ketimines with sulfur ylides. This methodology features high atom‐economy, broad substrate scope and an operationally simple procedure, affording the aziridines with excellent yields and diastereoselectivity (>20 : 1 dr). In the presence of base, the aziridine products could be readily converted to benzothiazines by an unusual rearrangement reaction.
Commodity momentum and reversal: Do they exist, and if so, why?
Authors: Han Meng
Published: May 2023

Questions as to why differences in momentum and reversal patterns seem to emerge in commodity futures compared with spot markets, and how these patterns can be explained, remain unanswered. To investigate these questions, I examine 23 commodities over a period of 60 years. I first show that including the net convenience yield in the definition of commodity spot returns reconciles the differences in the results for commodity spot and futures markets. Both commodity futures and spot markets exhibit quantitatively consistent momentum and reversal effects. An initial momentum effect is followed by a reversal effect and then another momentum effect. These observed patterns in commodities can be jointly explained by a combination of traditional asset pricing factors and a basis factor related to the net convenience yield.
Mechanisms of ag85a/b DNA vaccine conferred immunotherapy and recovery from Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐induced injury
Authors: Wang Nan , Liang Yan , Ma Qianqian , Mi Jie , Xue Yong , Yang Yourong , Wang Lan , Wu Xueqiong
Published: May 2023

Our previous research developed a novel tuberculosis (TB) DNA vaccine ag85a/b that showed a significant therapeutic effect on the mouse tuberculosis model by intramuscular injection (IM) and electroporation (EP). However, the action mechanisms between these two vaccine immunization methods remain unclear. In a previous study, 96 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv‐infected BALB/c mice were treated with phosphate‐buffered saline, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μg ag85a/b DNA vaccine delivered by IM and EP three times at 2‐week intervals, respectively. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three mice in each group were isolated to extract total RNA. The gene expression profiles were analyzed using gene microarray technology to obtain differentially expressed (DE) genes. Finally, DE genes were validated by real‐time reverse transcription‐quantitive polymerase chain reaction and the GEO database. After MTB infection, most of the upregulated DE genes were related to the digestion and absorption of nutrients or neuroendocrine (such as Iapp, Scg2, Chga, Amy2a5), and most of the downregulated DE genes were related to cellular structural and functional proteins, especially the structure and function proteins of the alveolar epithelial cell (such as Sftpc, Sftpd, Pdpn). Most of the abnormally upregulated or downregulated DE genes in the TB model group were recovered in the 100 and 200 μg ag85a/b DNA IM groups and four DNA EP groups. The pancreatic secretion pathway downregulated and the Rap1 signal pathway upregulated had particularly significant changes during the immunotherapy of the ag85a/b DNA vaccine on the mouse TB model. The action targets and mechanisms of IM and EP are highly consistent. Tuberculosis infection causes rapid catabolism and slow anabolism in mice. For the first time, we found that the effective dose of the ag85a/b DNA vaccine immunized whether by IM or EP could significantly up‐regulate immune‐related pathways and recover the metabolic disorder and the injury caused by MTB.
Immunogenicity and safety of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases undergoing immunosuppressive therapy in a monocentric cohort
Authors: Zamani Batool , Moradi Hasan‐Abad Amin , Piroozmand Ahmad , Dehghani Mahsa , Arfaatabar Maryam , Motedayyen Hossein
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Vaccination plays a fundamental role in mastering the COVID‐19 pandemic and protecting vulnerable groups. Persons with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD) requiring immunosuppressive therapies are prioritized for vaccination. However, data concerning immunogenicity and safety of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in immunosuppressed patients are not found. This study presents data on the efficacy and safety of the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine in immunosuppressed patients compared to healthy controls.

Methods

Study population consisted of 100 healthy controls and 100 patients with AIIRD. Vaccination was performed according to national guidelines with the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine. SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody titers were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay before initial vaccination and 1–3 months after secondary vaccination. Adverse events were assessed before study initiation and 7 days after the second dose. Disease activity was studied before entering the study and 3–8 weeks after the second dose.

Results

Vaccination‐induced positive immunogenic response rates and SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody titers were significantly lower in the AIIRD patients than healthy subjects (p < .05). There are significant differences in neutralizing antibody titers among patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, and ankylosing spondylitis (p < .01–.05). The rates of seropositive vaccine responses were similarly distributed across all diseases. Healthy and AIIRD individuals had a similar profile in adverse events. No significant difference was observed in SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody titers between subjects suffering from side effects and those who did not have. SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody levels were significantly higher in subjects with a history of COVID‐19 infection than seronegative individuals (p < .01–0.05). Seropositive subjects had a significant increase in the percentage of vaccine‐related adverse events compared to seronegative persons (p < .05). Despite a minor change in the disease activity of patients with RA and SLE, disease activity indices were overall stable in the AIIRD patients.

Conclusion

These findings revealed that the BBIBP‐CorV vaccine is effective in the development of neutralizing antibodies in immunosuppressed patients without considerable reactogenicity or induction of disease flares.
Inflammatory mechanisms and intervention strategies for sepsis‐induced myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Nong Yuxin , Wei Xuebiao , Yu Danqing
Published: May 2023

Sepsis‐induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is the leading cause of death in patients with sepsis in the intensive care units. The main manifestations of SIMD are systolic and diastolic dysfunctions of the myocardium. Despite our initial understanding of the SIMD over the past three decades, the incidence and mortality of SIMD remain high. This may be attributed to the large degree of heterogeneity among the initiating factors, disease processes, and host states involved in SIMD. Previously, organ dysfunction caused by sepsis was thought to be an impairment brought about by an excessive inflammatory response. However, many recent studies have shown that SIMD is a consequence of a combination of factors shaped by the inflammatory responses between the pathogen and the host. In this article, we review the mechanisms of the inflammatory responses and potential novel therapeutic strategies in SIMD.
SARS‐CoV‐2 induced HDL dysfunction may affect the host's response to and recovery from COVID‐19
Authors: Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Hussien Nawar R. , Al‐Niemi Marwa S. , Fahad Esraa H. , Al‐Buhadily Ali K. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Al‐Hamash Sadiq M. , Tsagkaris Christos , Papadakis Marios , Alexiou Athanasios , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Covid‐19 is linked with the development of cardio‐metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, dysregulation of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, SARS‐Co‐2 infection is associated with noteworthy changes in lipid profile, which is suggested as a possible biomarker to support the diagnosis and management of Covid‐19.

Methods

This paper adopts the literature review method to obtain information about how Covid‐19 affects high‐risk group patients and may cause severe and critical effects due to the development of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A narrative and comprehensive review is presented.

Results

Reducing HDL in Covid‐19 is connected to the disease severity and poor clinical outcomes, suggesting that high HDL serum levels could benefit Covid‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 binds HDL, and this complex is attached to the co‐localized receptors, facilitating viral entry. Therefore, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may induce the development of dysfunctional HDL through different mechanisms, including induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. In turn, the induction of dysfunctional HDL induces the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and oxidative stress, increasing Covid‐19 severity.

Conclusions

Covid‐19 is linked with the development of cardio‐metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia in general and dysregulation of high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein. Therefore, the present study aimed to overview the causal relationship between dysfunctional high‐density lipoprotein and Covid‐19.
COVID‐19 as a trigger of Guillain‐Barré syndrome: A review of the molecular mechanism
Authors: Malekpour Mahdi , Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Meybodi Mohammad Javad Entezari , Shekouh Dorsa , Rahmanian Mohammad Reza , Kardeh Sina , Azarpira Negar
Published: May 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) caused a pandemic with serious complications. After coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), several post‐acute COVID‐19 syndromes (PACSs) and long‐COVID sequels were reported. PACSs involve many organs, including the nervous, gustatory, and immune systems. One of the PACSs after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination is Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). The incidence rate of GBS after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or vaccination is low. However, the high prevalence of COVID‐19 and severe complications of GBS, for example, autonomic dysfunction and respiratory failure, highlight the importance of post‐COVID‐19 GBS. It is while patients with simultaneous COVID‐19 and GBS seem to have higher admission rates to the intensive care unit, and demyelination is more aggressive in post‐COVID‐19 GBS patients. SARS‐CoV‐2 can trigger GBS via several pathways like direct neurotropism and neurovirulence, microvascular dysfunction and oxidative stress, immune system disruption, molecular mimicry, and autoantibody production. Although there are few molecular studies on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of GBS occurrence after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination, we aimed to discuss the possible pathomechanism of post‐COVID‐19 GBS by gathering the most recent molecular evidence.
Examining characteristics and experiences of Black firearm owners
Authors: Bond Allison E. , Brooks Jasmin R. , Rodriguez Taylor R. , Bandel Shelby L. , Anestis Michael D.
Published: May 2023

Objective

The present study sought to better understand the characteristics of those who own firearms in the Black community; and to understand how Black firearm owners differ from nonfirearm owning Black individuals on a variety of variables related to safety, threat concerns, and suicide risk.

Methods

Two samples were utilized in this study. The first was a subsample of those who identified as Black from a nationally representative sample (N = 502) seeking to understand firearm ownership within the United States. The second used a subsample of those who identified as Black (N = 1086) from a representative sample from New Jersey, Minnesota, and Mississippi. Variables related to safety and threat concerns were included in the second sample.

Results

In both samples, multiple demographic variables, such as being a woman and having higher education, predicted firearm ownership. In the second sample, experiences of everyday discrimination and crime experiences were associated with firearm ownership. Additionally, Black firearm owners reported significantly more suicidal ideation than Black nonfirearm owners.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate the unique characteristics and experiences of Black firearm owners and show that firearm ownership is associated with increased suicide risk factors for Black adults. Findings should be used to advocate for the creation of more culturally relevant suicide prevention and firearm means safety strategies.
Reflections on authenticity, action, and leadership
Authors: Gardiner Rita A.
Published: May 2023

This paper is a reflection on an article by Hellmuth et al., and is part of the point‐counterpart series. In this reflection, I consider the etymological origins of the term “authenticity” and explore the existential and phenomenological aspects of authenticity, action, and leadership. In particular, I note the absence of contextual issues such as gender.
Increasing heatwave with associated population and GDP exposure in North China
Authors: Zhang Guwei , Ma Jiali , Meng Chunchun , Wang Jie , Xu Zhiqi , Gou Peng
Published: May 2023

Twenty‐seven CMIP6 models were grouped into three ensembles based on the simulated performance of heatwaves in North China during present‐day (1995–2014), and future changes in the duration and intensity of heatwaves were projected under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5. The selected three ensembles showed consistent projections: both the duration and intensity of heatwaves would increase significantly, with the greatest under SSP5‐8.5. Besides, the heatwave growth in 2081–2100 would double in 2041–2060, except for SSP1‐2.6, where heatwaves would be similar in both periods. For the spatial distribution, the duration (intensity) would increase more in southern (western) parts of North China. Combining heatwaves with population and GDP, future heat exposures would concentrate on urban areas and the tertiary industry. For example, the 2041–2060 population exposure would reach 3.2–5.6 times the current level, with contributions from the urban population ranging from 55% to 60%. The GDP exposure would hit tens to hundreds of times the current level, with the tertiary sector replacing the secondary sector as the leading industry in North China, producing the major contribution and facing significant heat‐related risks. Overall, there will be significant heat‐related impacts under SSP5‐8.5, about 1.5–3.0 fold of those under SSP1‐2.6 and SSP2‐4.5. The urban and tertiary sectors would suffer greater risks relative to the rural and other industries. Our results reinforced the need to minimize global emissions and develop strategic plans to mitigate heat impacts under high‐emission scenarios, especially for urban areas and the tertiary industry, requiring great attention to climate adaptation.
Effect of scaling and root planing with and without minocycline HCl microspheres on periodontal pathogens and clinical outcomes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Arnett Michelle C. , Chanthavisouk Phonsuda , Costalonga Massimo , Blue Christine M. , Evans Michael D. , Paulson Danna R.
Published: May 2023

Background

This study tests the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP plus minocycline hydrochloride microspheres (SRP+MM) on 11 periodontal pathogens and clinical outcomes in Stage II‐IV Grade B periodontitis participants.

Methods

Seventy participants were randomized to receive SRP (n = 35) or SRP+MM (n = 35). Saliva and clinical outcomes were collected for both groups at baseline before SRP, 1‐month reevaluation, and at 3‐ and 6‐month periodontal recall. MM were delivered to pockets ≥5 mm immediately after SRP and immediately after the 3‐month periodontal maintenance in the SRP+MM group. A proprietary saliva test* was utilized to quantitate 11 putative periodontal pathogens. Microorganisms and clinical outcomes were compared between groups using generalized linear mixed‐effects models with fixed effects and random effects terms. Mean changes from baseline were compared between groups via group‐by‐visit interaction tests.

Results

Significant reduction in Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, and Eikenella corrodens were identified at the 1‐month reevaluation after SRP+MM. Six months after SRP with a re‐application of MM 3 months after SRP, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly reduced. SRP+MM participants had significant clinical outcome reductions in pockets ≥5 mm at the reevaluation, 3‐ and 6‐month periodontal maintenance, and clinical attachment loss gains at the 6‐month periodontal maintenance.

Conclusion

MM delivered immediately after SRP and reapplication at 3 months appeared to contribute to improved clinical outcomes and sustained decreased numbers of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens at 6 months.
Long‐term Outcomes Following Endoscopic Transnasal Surgery for Optic Neuropathy Due to Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Wang Min , Zhu Senmiao , Shen Bingyan , Fang Yenan , Xie Qiqi , Dai Qin , Chen Ziwen , Li Xinyu , Wu Wencan
Published: May 2023

Objective

To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic transnasal optic canal decompression (ETOCD) guided by a navigation surgical system (NSS) for vision recovery in patients with compressive optic neuropathy (CON) caused by craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD), and to explore the underlying cause of visual impairment.

Methods

All patients underwent unilateral NSS‐guided ETOCD and were followed up periodically for at least six months. Paired sample t‐test and Pearson correlation analyses were used to compare continuous variables of the visual outcomes at the final review. A histopathological test of abnormal bone specimens was performed postoperatively.

Results

Thirty‐four patients were finally included, and all surgeries were uneventful. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logMAR units) decreased from 1.29 ± 0.80 preoperatively to 0.97 ± 0.78 at the last follow‐up (p = 0.0012), improving in 28 patients (82.35%). The absolute value of mean defect (MD) significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Color vision was impaired in 17 patients preoperatively and improved in 6 patients. BCVA at the last follow‐up was significantly correlated with preoperative BCVA, onset time, preoperative retinal nerve fibril layer thickness, and MD (all p < 0.05). Among 34 patients, 26 had a blunt bony process near the anterior foot of the optic chiasm. Of the total patients, 73.53% patients experienced bony fiber recurrence 6 months or earlier after surgery without visual loss.

Conclusion

NSS‐guided ETOCD appeared to be safe and effective for visual recovery in patients with CON due to CFD, and early surgical intervention was critical for long‐term recovery. Unbalanced compression of the optic canal by the blunt bony process may be a major cause of visual impairment.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 133:1857–1866, 2023