bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity by Race, Hispanic Ethnicity, and Sex of the United States Medical Oncology Physician Workforce Over the Past Quarter Century
Authors: Deville Curtiland , Chapman Christina H. , Burgos Ramon , Hwang Wei-Ting , Both Stefan , Thomas Charles R.
Published: September 2014

Diversification of the physician workforce has been identified as a strategy to address health disparities, meet the health care needs of newly insured patients under the Affordable Care Act, and enrich physician cultural competence.
French History and the Transnational Turn
Authors: Green Nancy L.
Published: September 2014

How do you do the history of a place—by doing in-depth research into its political, economic, social and/or cultural ways and manners, or by expanding the breadth to take into account external, interactive factors? The debate is an ongoing epistemological one that turns around questions of scale and scope: small versus large research topics, micro versus macro approaches, and, more recently, the local versus the global. This article explores three propositions: (1) French history is properly studied as... French history, in all of its medieval, revolutionary, industrial, and/or contemporary specificity; (2) French history can only be properly studied as global history; (3) the study of French history has already confronted the transnational and will continue to do so.

Comment écrire l’histoire d’un lieu : à partir d’une connaissance profonde de ses mœurs et ses pratiques, de son histoire politique, économique, sociale, ou culturelle ; ou bien à travers une large contextualisation qui incorpore des éléments externes et interactifs ? Le débat entre aires culturelles et approches disciplinaires se greffe sur les questions d’échelle et de l’étendue du champ, entre projets vastes et projets plus circonscrits dans l’espace, entre approches macro et micro, et, plus récemment, entre recherches mettant l’accent sur le global ou le local. Cet article explore trois propositions : (1) l’histoire française doit être étudiée dans sa spécificité ; (2) l’histoire française ne peut être étudiée qu’à partir d’une insertion dans une histoire globale ; (3) l’historiographie s’est déjà confrontée avec des sujets transnationaux, et cette approche continuera à irriguer le champ.
Conflit Civil Et Relations Interétatiques Dans La France D’ancien Régime : La Révolte de Gaston D’orléans, 1631-1632
Authors: De Waele Michel
Published: September 2014

En janvier 1631, Gaston d’Orléans, l’héritier présomptif de la couronne de France, se déclare publiquement ennemi du cardinal de Richelieu. Poursuivi par son frère, il s’enfuit du royaume pour se réfugier à l’étranger. Quelques mois plus tard, il est rejoint dans son exil par sa mère, Marie de Médicis. Cette révolte, qui se termine dans le sang en septembre 1632, est représentative à plus d’un égard des prises d’armes nobiliaires du temps. Un de ses aspects n’a toutefois pas encore retenu l’attention des historiens, soit les relations entretenues par les puissances étrangères avec les révoltés. L’article montre ainsi à quel point les affaires intérieures d’un royaume peuvent être fortement liées à la conjoncture internationale de l’époque. Après avoir présenté le parcours de Gaston d’Orléans, le texte analyse ensuite en quoi sa révolte de 1631-32 peut intéresser les autres puissances européennes et examine leurs interventions dans cette affaire qui, en bout de ligne aura contribué au renforcement de la France, et du cardinal de Richelieu, sur les plans intérieur et extérieur.

In January 1631 Gaston d’Orléans publicly declared himself an enemy of Cardinal Richelieu. Pursued by his brother, he fled the kingdom to seek refuge abroad. A few months later he was joined in exile by his mother, Marie de Medici. His actions were representative of a noble’s revolt during the Old Regime. But one of its aspects has not yet attracted the attention of historians: the relationships between foreign powers and the rebels. This article shows how the internal affairs of a kingdom may be strongly linked to the international situation. After presenting the path of Gaston d’Orléans, the text analyzes how the revolt of 1631-32 may have borne on the affairs of other European powers and examines their actions in this matter, which, in the end, contributed to the strengthening of France, and Cardinal Richelieu, on the internal and external scenes.
Physiological mechanisms underlying individual variation in tolerance of food deprivation in juvenile European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: McKenzie David J. , Vergnet Alain , Chatain Béatrice , Vandeputte Marc , Desmarais Erick , Steffensen John F. , Guinand Bruno
Published: September 2014

Although food deprivation is a major ecological pressure in fishes, there is wide individual variation in tolerance of fasting, whose mechanistic bases are poorly understood. Two thousand individually tagged juvenile European sea bass were submitted to two ‘fasting/feeding’ cycles each comprising 3 weeks of food deprivation followed by 3 weeks of ad libitum feeding at 25°C. Rates of mass loss during the two fasting periods were averaged for each individual to calculate a population mean. Extreme fasting tolerant (FT) and sensitive (FS) phenotypes were identified that were at least one and a half standard deviations, on opposing sides, from this mean. Respirometry was used to investigate two main hypotheses: (1) tolerance of food deprivation reflects lower mass-corrected routine metabolic rate (RMR) in FT phenotypes when fasting, and (2) tolerance reflects differences in substrate utilisation; FT phenotypes use relatively less proteins as metabolic fuels during fasting, measured as their ammonia quotient (AQ), the simultaneous ratio of ammonia excretion to RMR. There was no difference in mean RMR between FT and FS over 7 days fasting, being 6.70±0.24 mmol h−1 fish−1 (mean ± s.e.m., N=18) versus 6.76±0.22 mmol h−1 fish−1 (N=17), respectively, when corrected to a body mass of 130 g. For any given RMR, however, the FT lost mass at a significantly lower rate than FS, overall 7-day average being 0.72±0.05 versus 0.90±0.05 g day−1 fish−1, respectively (P<0.01, t-test). At 20 h after receiving a ration equivalent to 2% body mass as food pellets, ammonia excretion and simultaneous RMR were elevated and similar in FT and FS, with AQs of 0.105±0.009 and 0.089±0.007, respectively. At the end of the period of fasting, ammonia excretion and RMR had fallen in both phenotypes, but AQ was significantly lower in FT than FS, being 0.038±0.004 versus 0.061±0.005, respectively (P<0.001, t-test). There was a direct linear relationship between individual fasted AQ and rate of mass loss, with FT and FS individuals distributed at opposing lower and upper extremities, respectively. Thus the difference between the phenotypes in their tolerance of food deprivation did not depend upon their routine energy use when fasting. Rather, it depended upon their relative use of tissue proteins as metabolic fuels when fasting, which was significantly lower in FT phenotypes.
Review Essay on Charles F. Manski's Public Policy in an Uncertain World: Analysis and Decisions
Authors: Geweke John
Published: September 2014

Public policy setting often involves quantitative choices with quantitative outcomes. Yet unqualified statements about the precise consequences of alternative choices characterize much of the policy analysis bearing on these decisions. Public Policy in an Uncertain World: Analysis and Decisions by Charles F. Manski characterizes and richly illustrates the nature of this unwarranted certitude. It details specific constructive alternatives on which the economics profession has achieved varying degrees of consensus. Those in our profession charged with the education of future policy analysts should consider using it and how to round out its presentation of decision making from their own perspective. (JEL D02, D04, D80, E61)
Do we want to bring back matron's ward rounds?
Authors: Callander-Grant Stephen
Published: September 2014

Reintroducing the role of matron to our hospitals may be a popular idea with the public, but is this what hospital staff want? As George Castledine asserted (Vol 9(16): 1110), society has moved on since the phasing out of the traditional matron in the wake of the Salmon (1966) report. In addition, nursing has evolved, becoming a profession of highly trained, multi-skilled practitioners who may not, necessarily, appreciate the contribution of such an autocratic figure as the traditional matron.
Mammary tumours in the dog and cat: part 1
Authors: Augusto Monica
Published: September 2014

Mammary tumours are one of the most common neoplasms in small animal practice. Early detection and correct management improves overall survival. However, in contrast to canine mammary tumours, the majority of feline mammary tumours are malignant, have metastasised by the time of diagnosis and still carry a poor prognosis. Multiple factors from neutering status to proliferative markers have been investigated as potential prognostic indicators. Staging of mammary tumours before surgery remains important as it indicates the likely outcome and assists therapeutic decisions. This article will review tumour behaviour, classification, diagnosis and prognostic factors associated with mammary tumours, and current treatment recommendations.
Water quality guide for fish veterinarians
Authors: Loh Richmond
Published: September 2014

Fish rely on the qualities of water for many biological processes and their health depends on several key parameters, including temperature, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, pH, carbonate hardness, general hardness, dissolved oxygen and salinity. This article gives an overview of each water parameter as it applies to fish health, and gives advice on practical ways to correct water quality problems.
History-taking and clinical examination skills from a stoma nurse's perspective
Authors: Quigley Fiona , Martin Daphne SE
Published: September 2014

Comprehensive history-taking and clinical examination skills are examples of role development for a stoma care nurse specialist. Comprehensive history-taking is a thorough exploration of a patient's presenting complaint and the gathering of subjective information, while clinical examination is the gathering of objective information from a head-to-toe assessment or a focused assessment of a particular body system. This paper demonstrates the application of comprehensive history-taking and gastrointestinal clinical examination skills by the stoma care nurse in a clinical community setting, and explores their advantages and disadvantages in stoma care practice.
Liver fluke in cattle in the United Kingdom
Authors: Tilling Oliver
Published: September 2014

Liver fluke is the most important trematode parasite of cattle in the UK, and is endemic. Incidence and geographic range of the parasite has increased rapidly in the last 10 years. Coupled with a complex life cycle and welfare and farm profitability impacts, there are several considerations the clinician must take into account when dealing with an outbreak, or designing a control programme. This article discusses liver fluke in cattle in the United Kingdom. As well as a parasitological summary, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control options are discussed.
Fertility management of dairy heifers
Authors: Bazeley Kat , Hayes Ed
Published: September 2014

Dairy heifers should calve at 23–25 months of age, both for optimal future performance in the milking herd, and for the most cost-effective rearing. Husbandry, nutrition and disease control throughout the rearing period influence heifers’ fertility performance. Growth rate determines age at puberty, conception rate and age at first calving, and should be optimal throughout if heifers are to achieve bulling weight at 55–60% of mature bodyweight, in time for service at 14 months. Farmers can only monitor whether or not their heifers are achieving target growth rate if they measure them. Once heifers have achieved target bulling weight, service management must be efficient. Oestrus synchronisation may improve fertility performance. Biosecurity and biocontainment measures should minimise the risk of infectious diseases that affect fertility. Heifers should complete necessary vaccination programmes before service begins. Optimal calving management increases the likelihood that heifers survive first calving to join the adult herd.
Joint ill in lambs
Authors: Hovers Kate
Published: September 2014

Polyarthritis (joint ill) is a commonly recognised condition in young lambs, usually 1 to 3 weeks old. The commonest cause of this condition is the bacteria Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Pathogenesis of infection is imperfectly understood and outbreaks are seen in flocks practising standard hygiene with little other neonatal disease. S. dysgalactiae is usually sensitive to penicillin, however treatment of clinical cases is often unrewarding due to irreparable joint damage. A greater understanding of the sources and routes of infection is needed to aid prevention and control.
News Analysis
Authors: Learner Sue
Published: September 2014

The results of a year-long review, powered my think tank Demos, have highlighted the need for multiple changes within the care sector in order to tackle the negative perceptions that exist today
How to … organise a successful day out for residents
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: September 2014

Adrian Ashurst suggests some tips for organising a memorable day out—whether it's a trip to the seaside, the theatre or shopping. Trips can be a source of great interest and enjoyment for older residents, family, volunteers and care staff
Raman Spectroscopy of Human Neuronal and Epidermal Cells Exposed to an Insecticide Mixture of Chlorpyrifos and Deltamethrin
Authors: Lasalvia Maria , Perna Giuseppe , Capozzi Vito
Published: September 2014

Many pesticides are increasingly used in combinations for crop protection. Their chemical stability ensures the presence of such mixtures, both in the workspaces of the operators involved in agricultural activities and in foodstuffs, thus making probable human exposure to such chemicals in the environment. This investigation, performed by means of Raman microspectroscopy and principal component analysis, concerns the effects of in vitro cellular exposure to a commercial insecticide based on a chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin mixture. The investigated cells belong to the SHSY-5Y and human keratinocyte (HUKE) cell lines, which can be considered representative of neuronal and epidermal cells, respectively. After 24 h exposure at a concentration one-tenth of that usually used by operators, about 50% of the investigated cells were dead and the relative content of the biochemical components of both types of cells that were still alive had been affected by the exposure. A statistically significant decrease in the protein and nucleic acid content occurred in the SHSY-5Y cells, and a lowering of the lipid and carbohydrate content was observed in the HUKE cells. This study shows the utility of Raman microspectroscopy and principal component analysis for the investigation of the effects on human cells of environmental exposure to any chemicals.
Potential of a Spectroscopic Measurement Method Using Adding–Doubling to Retrieve the Bulk Optical Properties of Dense Microalgal Media
Authors: Bellini Sarah , Bendoula Ryad , Latrille Eric , Roger Jean-Michel
Published: September 2014

In the context of algal mass cultivation, current techniques used for the characterization of algal cells require time-consuming sample preparation and a large amount of costly, standard instrumentation. As the physical and chemical properties of the algal cells strongly affect their optical properties, the optical characterization is seen as a promising method to provide an early diagnosis in the context of mass cultivation monitoring. This article explores the potential of a spectroscopic measurement method coupled with the inversion of the radiative transfer theory for the retrieval of the bulk optical properties of dense algal samples. Total transmittance and total reflectance measurements were performed over the 380-1020 nm range on dense algal samples with a double integrating sphere setup. The bulk absorption and scattering coefficients were thus extracted over the 380-1020 nm range by inverting the radiative transfer theory using inverse-adding-doubling computations. The experimental results are presented and discussed; the configuration of the optical setup remains a critical point. The absorption coefficients obtained for the four samples of this study appear not to be more informative about pigment composition than would be classical methods in analytical spectroscopy; however, there is a real added value in measuring the reduced scattering coefficient, as it appears to be strongly correlated to the size distribution of the algal cells.
Near-Infrared (NIR) Study of Hydrogen Bonding of Methanol Molecules in Polar and Nonpolar Solvents: An Approach from Concentration-Dependent Molar Absorptivity
Authors: Mikami Yuho , Ikehata Akifumi , Hashimoto Chihiro , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: September 2014

Differences in the hydrogen-bonding states of methanol in polar and nonpolar solvents were studied by using the first overtone of O-H stretching vibrations observed in the near-infrared (NIR) band ranging from 7500 to 6000 cm−1. To eliminate the absorption of solvents, NIR-inactive nonpolar solvents carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) and tetrachloroethylene (C2CI4) were chosen, along with deuterium-substituted polar solvents acetone- d6, acetonitrile- d3, 1,4-dioxane- d8, and tetrahydrofuran (THF)- d8. The changes in the hydrogen-bonding states of methanol during mixing with the solvents were estimated using the extended molar absorption spectrum, which was defined as the concentration difference. The extended molar absorption spectra in different concentrations were decomposed into a finite number of independent factors using a multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares calculation. Two and three such factors were sufficient to reproduce the extended molar absorption spectra for the nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively. The detailed assignments of each factor were estimated using the calculated loadings and scores. A similarity analysis was also applied to the extended molar absorption spectra of methanol and effectively quantified the deviation from the spectrum of pure methanol. The methanol and solvent affinities were also compared.
Kirchliche Vergemeinschaftungsformen im Prozess der Vergesellschaftung
Authors: Schlamelcher Jens
Published: September 2014

Seit ihrer Institutionalisierung in der Spätantike bewegt sich die Sozialgestalt der Kirche in einem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Gemeinschaft und Organisation. Dieses soll im ersten Teil im Kontext des ›Prozesses der Vergesellschaftung‹ nachgezeichnet werden. Daran kann gezeigt werden, dass sich in diesem Prozess neue Formate von Gemeinschaft auch innerhalb der Kirche entwickelt haben. Im zweiten Teil wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich spezifische Strukturmerkmale einer genuin postmodernen kirchlichen Vergemeinschaftungsform identifizieren lassen.
Zeugnis
Authors: Theißen Henning
Published: September 2014

Das theologische Interesse am Zeugnisthema ist etwa seit dem Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts gestiegen (I). Der Aufsatz vertritt die These, dass die Zwiespältigkeit dogmatischer und ethischer Aspekte des Themas (Mission, Martyrium) am besten durch einen hermeneutischen Zugriff wie in der mittleren Werkphase von P. Ricoeur bearbeitet wird. Im Ansatz wird eine Theorie des Zeugnisses als Korrelation zwischen einem ursprünglichen Zeugnis und seiner geschichtlichen Repräsentation im Wechselspiel und Widerstreit seiner Deutungen skizziert (II). Als wesentlicher Anwendungsbereich werden die Theorie der Kirche und die gegenwärtige Kirchenreform ins Auge gefasst (III).
Vom Glück, ein Mensch zu sein
Authors: Hinrichs Imke
Published: September 2014

Wird das Glück als theologisch relevantes Thema charakterisiert, stellt die weit gefächerte Ratgeberliteratur zum Glück die Theologie vor notwendige Positionierungen. Der Artikel zeigt Bilder vom Menschsein in Glücksratgebern auf, die mit den wesentlichen Zügen christlicher Anthropologie in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Deutlich wird, dass der Mensch, der sich über Beziehungen zu Gott und anderen Menschen versteht, zu anderen Glücksmomenten und Glücksdefinitionen kommt als der auf seine Individualität geworfene.
Die Suche nach Glückseligkeit
Authors: Müller Andreas
Published: September 2014

Glücksratgeber im modernen Sinn hat es in der Christentumsgeschichte nicht gegeben. Dagegen besteht eine ausgeprägte Ratgeberliteratur, die sich in der Spätantike insbesondere im Mönchtum findet und „Vollkommenheit“ und „Glückseligkeit“ als Ziele beschreibt. Entsprechend der paulinisch-augustinischen Tradition taten sich die Reformatoren mit dem Thema „Glück“ schwer. Semipelagianisch wirkende Ratgeber zum Glück lassen sich daher in der protestantischen Literatur nicht beobachten. Dennoch sind aus dem Umfeld der lutherischen Orthodoxie Ratgeber z.B. gegen die Melancholie tradiert. Diese sind im Umfeld der Hausväter-Literatur beheimatet, die noch am ehesten ein reformatorisches Pendant zu den Glückratgebern darstellt.
„Narrativität und Bibeldidaktik“
Authors: Scholz Stefan , Eisenlauer Volker
Published: September 2014

Dieser Beitrag stellt einen sprachwissenschaftlich orientierten Zugang zu biblischen Erzählungen vor, welcher im universitären Kontext für und mit Studierenden überwiegend nichttheologischer Fächer entwickelt wurde, darüber hinaus ebenso in Schule oder Gemeinde modifiziert eingesetzt werden kann. Dieser Ansatz unterscheidet sich in seiner philologischen Ausrichtung bewusst von personzentrierten und kanontheologischen Konzepten der Bibeldidaktik, indem er die Textanalyse ins Zentrum bibeldidaktischer Bemühung stellt und die Textkenntnis als ihr wesentliches Ziel formuliert.

Bibeldidaktik wird damit konsequent interdisziplinär ausgerichtet, indem die Kompetenzen „der Anderen“, hier konkret: Textwissenschaften und Menschen ohne konstitutiv christliche Bindung oder theologische Bildung, an der Erschließung biblischer Texte gleichwertig zu beteiligen sind.
›Ökonomisierung‹ als Herausforderung der Diakonie
Authors: Götzelmann Arnd
Published: September 2014

Economic principles and instruments have been introduced into the German welfare system. The European Union wants to realize an open market economy with free competition for the social services. In this situation Christian welfare organisations get in conflict with their churches and the ethics of Christianity. The concepts of »entrepreneurship diakonia« and »advocatory diakonia« are completed and criticized by the new concept of a »public diakonia of citizenship and community« on the basis of the ethical principles of charity, justice and man’s dignity. According to that new concept »diaconics« and economics may learn from each other in a dialogue of reciprocity.
Using a genre-based approach to promote oral communication in the colombian english classroom
Authors: Herazo Rivera Jose David
Published: September 2014

The genre-based approach (GBA) has been used in different curriculum areas to develop learners’ meaning-making potential. Using thetext as the main unit of communication and pedagogy, this approach conceives of language learning and use as a social, textual, and goalorientedprocess. Thus, it constitutes a promising alternative to the practice –not uncommon in Colombian classrooms– of teaching EFL oralcommunication through memorized dialogues with no realistic purpose. Based on a revision of recent literature and research, I argue that theGBA may foster students’ oral interpersonal communication skills because it 1) involves them in meaning-oriented, text-based, and realisticpractice, 2) assumes an explicit pedagogy that discloses the lexical and grammatical resources needed for successful communication, and3) facilitates learners’ increasing control of oral communication thanks to their appropriation of the necessary metalanguage to talk about theprocess of making meaning in English. I also maintain that this approach gives teachers linguistically-principled tools for planning instructionand assessing learning. Finally, I discuss various curriculum and syllabus implications resulting from the adoption of the GBA for EFL instructionand suggest specific objectives and activities with a sample lesson based on Colombian standards.
Helping business english learners improve discussion skills
Authors: Uribe Enciso Olga Lucia
Published: September 2014

Developing discussion skills is a central task in Business English (BE), as doing business involves negotiating meaning and persuasivepower in order to realize one’s transactional intentions. A group of BE learners in Colombia did not recognize L2 verbal and non-verbal turnyieldingconventions, nor did they know how to interrupt or to deal with interruptions successfully. Additionally, they did not know how to dealwith backchannels. Consequently, some classroom activities were aimed at helping learners notice how spoken communication devices workin different cultures, using mechanisms to signpost their turn and deal with unexpected interruptions, and becoming familiar with backchannels.After eight three-hour lessons learners became more sensitive to spoken discourse elements and expanded their gambits and backchannelsrepertoire.
Comprehension, Sense and Pedagogy
Authors: Cárdenas Páez Alfonso , McNeil Fernández Alejandro , Malaver Rodríguez Rodrigo
Published: September 2014

This text, based on Bakhtin’s perspective, sees language as a condition for the construction of reality. The subject’s understanding of reality is always determined by situational circumstances (event) and the way individuals experience and perceive these events.The various senses are the result of different positions from which the other speakers participate (create). The perceptions of the subject are not passive, they are charged with willingness to play with intertexts, interdiscourses and antidiscourses that foster dialogue, and this, in turn, is evidence of and possibility of understanding. All this is important in the pedagogical arena, and this is why the text closes by opening a deeper discussion  in this regard
Pre-service Teachers’ Construction of Meaning: An Interpretive Qualitative Study
Authors: Fajardo Mora Nestor Ricardo
Published: September 2014

This research-based article presents an interpretive qualitative study with pre-service teachers of Social Studies, who construct their ownmeanings from social-studies texts through their roots of knowledge, their shared assumptions, and the intertextuality which are collectively relatedto the core category: Habitus. Using these strategies, the pre-service teachers employ their own values, understandings and representationsof the world to construct meaning. The author of this research collected and analyzed the data through the methodology of Grounded Theory.Pre-service teachers’ artifacts and class video recordings were used as major sources to collect data over the period of one semester.
Performing English with a Postcolonial Accent: Ethnographic Narrativ es from Mexico
Authors: Newman Lesley
Published: September 2014

A Clemente,M J Higgins. (2008) Performing English With A Postcolonial Accent: Ethnographic NarrativesFrom Mexico. The Tufnell Press. 240 pages ISBN-10: 1872767877 ISBN-13: 9781872767871
Automatic camera-based identification and 3-D reconstruction of electrode positions in electrocardiographic imaging
Authors: Schulze Walther H.W. , Mackens Patrick , Potyagaylo Danila , Rhode Kawal , Tülümen Erol , Schimpf Rainer , Papavassiliu Theano , Borggrefe Martin , Dössel Olaf
Published: September 2014

Electrocardiographic imaging (ECG imaging) is a method to depict electrophysiological processes in the heart. It is an emerging technology with the potential of making the therapy of cardiac arrhythmia less invasive, less expensive, and more precise. A major challenge for integrating the method into clinical workflow is the seamless and correct identification and localization of electrodes on the thorax and their assignment to recorded channels. This work proposes a camera-based system, which can localize all electrode positions at once and to an accuracy of approximately 1±1 mm. A system for automatic identification of individual electrodes is implemented that overcomes the need of manual annotation. For this purpose, a system of markers is suggested, which facilitates a precise localization to subpixel accuracy and robust identification using an error-correcting code. The accuracy of the presented system in identifying and localizing electrodes is validated in a phantom study. Its overall capability is demonstrated in a clinical scenario.
Malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumor: a case report
Authors: Stüber Tanja , Frieauff Eric , Diessner Joachim , Hönig Arnd , Rehn Monika
Published: September 2014

The fetal extrarenal rhabdoid tumor is a highly aggressive and rare neoplasm that mostly occurs in the first year of life. In this case, a remarkably enlarged right upper arm was diagnosed in a male fetus at 31+2 weeks of gestation. Because of a fast progressive tumor volume and signs of fetal distress, a cesarean section was performed at 34 weeks of gestation. The preterm baby showed a blue livid tumor reaching from the right elbow up to the shoulder that resulted in an extrarenal rhabdoid tumor on histopathologic analysis. A therapeutic trial with cyclophosphamide was not effective and the child died at the age of 26 days because of multi-organ failure.
The emerging role of the peptidome in biomarker discovery and degradome profiling
Authors: Lai Zon W. , Petrera Agnese , Schilling Oliver
Published: September 2014

The peptidome represents the array of endogenous peptides that are present in both the intracellular and extracellular space of the body. Peptides are constantly generated in vivo by active synthesis, and by proteolytic processing of larger precursor proteins, often yielding protein fragments that mediate a variety of physiological functions. Given that aberrant proteolysis is a hallmark of various pathological diseases, many studies have now turned to the peptidome. Differential regulation of endogenous peptides may play a role in many pathological conditions. Mass spectrometry (MS) -based investigation of peptides in a system-wide manner is currently facilitating the identification of potential biomarkers. Furthermore, peptidomic approaches have provided major contributions to the identification of protease-substrate relationships; representing one of the major challenges in understanding and therapeutically exploiting protease function in health and disease. As such, degradomic studies looking for cleavage products via peptidomics in particular, have warranted a significant research interest in recent years. Given that substantial studies are accumulating in the field of peptidomics, this review highlights recent advances of MS-based peptidomic strategies in facilitating the identification of potential peptides as novel clinical markers and protease-substrate profiling.
Thyroid disease in Chinese girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Chen Rui-Min , Zhang Ying , Yang Xiao-Hong , Lin Xiang-Quan , Yuan Xin
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in Turner syndrome (TS) and the association between thyroid autoantibodies (TAA), thyroid dysfunction, age, and karyotype.

Sixty-nine girls with TS were divided into two groups according to being TAA-positive or TAA-negative. TAA and thyroid hormone concentrations were determined by immunochemiluminescence.

One third (23/69) of the girls were TAA positive, with antibody prevalence increasing with age. Of the TAA-positive girls, seven were hypothyroid and three hyperthyroid. Compared with the TAA-negative group, the girls in the TAA-positive group were significantly older (p<0.05). For those who were TAA positive, 26.3% of patients were 5–10 years old, 37.1% 10–15 years old, and 62.5% above the age of 15 years.

Chinese girls with TS are prone to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, especially those older than 5 years, and routine thyroid testing is advocated thereafter on a yearly basis. There was no specific association between the incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease and TS karyotypes.
Encapsulation of curcumin into layered double hydroxides
Authors: Supun Samindra Kamkanam M. , Kottegoda Nilwala
Published: September 2014

This study focuses on the encapsulation of natural curcumin present in turmeric (
Autophagy‐related gene Atg5 is essential for astrocyte differentiation in the developing mouse cortex
Authors: Wang Shukun , Li Baoguo , Qiao Huimin , Lv Xiaohui , Liang Qingli , Shi Zixiao , Xia Wenlong , Ji Fen , Jiao Jianwei
Published: September 2014

Astrocyte differentiation is essential for late embryonic brain development, and autophagy is active during this process. However, it is unknown whether and how autophagy regulates astrocyte differentiation. Here, we show that Atg5, which is necessary for autophagosome formation, regulates astrocyte differentiation. Atg5 deficiency represses the generation of astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, Atg5 overexpression increases the number of astrocytes substantially. We show that Atg5 activates the JAK2‐STAT3 pathway by degrading the inhibitory protein SOCS2. The astrocyte differentiation defect caused by Atg5 loss can be rescued by human Atg5 overexpression, STAT3 overexpression, and SOCS2 knockdown. Together, these data demonstrate that Atg5 regulates astrocyte differentiation, with potential implications for brain disorders with autophagy deficiency.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Effects of telecare intervention on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Zhenru , Tao Hong , Meng Qingdong , Jing Long
Published: September 2014

Objective

To review the published literature on the effects of telecare intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control.

Design and methods

A review of randomized controlled trials on telecare intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes, and a search of electronic databases such as The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL, Science Direct, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were conducted from December 8 to 16, 2013. Two evaluators independently selected and reviewed the eligible studies. Changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), BMI, and body weight were analyzed.

Results

An analysis of 18 studies with 3798 subjects revealed that telecare significantly improved the management of diabetes. Mean HbA1c values were reduced by −0.54 (95% CI, −0.75 to −0.34; P<0.05), mean FPG levels by −9.00 mg/dl (95% CI, −17.36 to −0.64; P=0.03), and mean PPG levels reduced by −52.86 mg/dl (95% CI, −77.13 to −28.58; P<0.05) when compared with the group receiving standard care. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses indicated that study location, sample size, and treatment-monitoring techniques were the sources of heterogeneity.

Conclusions

Patients monitored by telecare showed significant improvement in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes when compared with those monitored by routine follow-up. Significant reduction in HbA1c levels was associated with Asian populations, small sample size, and telecare, and with those patients with baseline HbA1c greater than 8.0%.
Usefulness of a Portable Internet‐enabled ECG Recording System for Monitoring Heart Health among Japanese Workers Residing Abroad
Authors: Kabe Isamu , Koga Yasuo , Kochi Takeshi , Mizoue Tetsuya
Published: September 2014

Usefulness of a Portable Internet‐enabled ECG Recording System for Monitoring Heart Health among Japanese Workers Residing Abroad: Isamu KABE, et al. Health Administration Department, Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.—

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of a portable Internet‐enabled ECG recording system (iECG) in monitoring the heart health of Japanese individuals working abroad.

Methods

This study included 24 male Japanese individuals working abroad, who had been found to have risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at periodic health checkups. The subjects were instructed to send ECG recordings obtained by the iECG via a personal computer from their countries of residence. Interpretations of the ECG results were shared with the participant and the participant's occupational physician via e‐mail. Further, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the subjects to determine the usefulness of the iECG.

Results

Only 21 subjects (53.7 ± 5.2 years) could send their ECG recordings from their countries of residence. During the monitoring period (average, 0.7 ± 0.3 years), 504 ECG recordings were obtained using the iECG. No new CVD events were observed. The iECG monitoring recorded ST‐T abnormality in 4 subjects (19%), ST‐T abnormality plus left bundle branch block in 1 subject (5%), bradycardia in 1 subject (5%), atrial fibrillation in 1 subject (5%), short PR interval in 1 subject (5%) and normal findings in 13 subjects (61%). The questionnaire results showed a 68% rating for satisfaction, 58% rating for comfort, 68% rating for device utility and 37% rating for lifestyle improvements brought about by device use.

Conclusions

The iECG could serve as a useful support tool for monitoring heart health in Japanese workers residing abroad with risk factors of CVDs.
EFFECT OF TREATMENTS, CMC AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON SENSORIAL QUALITY OF MANGO FLAVOURED SOYMILK
Authors: A. Gatade Abhijeet , C. Ranveer Rahul , K. Sahoo Akshaya
Published: September 2014

In the present research work effect of different treatments on physico-chemical and sensory properties of soymilk was studied. Also, effect of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sucrose and mango flavor on quality of soymilk was determined. Soymilk samples were prepared by three different methods. The control sample (sample A) was prepared as per the standard procedure reported in literature. The other two samples were prepared by slight modification in the process use for control sample preparation. Microwave treatment at 2450 MHz for 5 min prior to grinding was given in sample B. Sample C was prepared by giving autoclave treatment to the soaked soybeans and grinding was performed with the use of hot water. Among all the treatments autoclave treatment gave best quality soymilk (Sample C) with respect to flavor, taste and overall acceptability. The quality of soymilk (Sample C) was further improved by using 0.2% CMC with respect to viscosity and mouth feel. Also, mango flavored soymilk containing 0.2% CMC, 15% sucrose and 0.1% mango essence scored maximum sensory score among all formulations with respect to color, flavor, taste, mouth feel and overall acceptability and was stable for consumption for about 25 days at room temperature storage and 60 days at refrigeration temperature storage.
Televisión, juventud y futuro: estudio intercultural con jóvenes costarricenses y alemanes
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez Rolando
Published: September 2014

Este artículo examina la relación entre la recepción de series de  televisión y la construcción social del futuro personal y social en jóvenes alemanes y costarricenses. Para ello se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semi-estructuradas a jóvenes entre 15 y 17 años de ambos países  (N = 40). El análisis cualitativo del contenido medial y de las  entrevistas se concentró  en la distinción de modelos de interpretación cultural (Lüders, 1991), particulares a cada país, que están presentes de forma común tanto en el mundo social representado en la respectiva serie como en el discurso de los y las jóvenes sobre  el futuro. A este respecto, se  pudo distinguir formas de organización del  curso de la vida específicas de cada cultura. Los análisis muestran que: a) la representación del futuro en Costa Rica se estructura en el marco de la experiencia conflictiva de la modernización cultural y de los cambios en el curso de la vida y el período juvenil que ésta lleva consigo, mientras que  b) en el caso de Alemania, las representaciones acerca  del futuro  se organizan en el contexto de un acelerado proceso de individualización institucional de los cursos de vida, que trae aparejado, paradójicamente, nuevas formas de estandarización.
Bases genéticas de la esquizofrenia: “Nurture vrs Nature”
Authors: Raventós Vorst Henrriette
Published: September 2014

El presente artículo revisa la evidencia científica que muestra la heredabilidad de la esquizofrenia, su forma de herencia compleja y la posible heterogeneidad genética y ambiental. Se presentan las regiones cromosómicas que han sido ligadas a la enfermedad y algunos de los genes candidatos. El objetivo es presentar los resultados más importantes en el campo de la investigación genética de la enfermedad. Aunque se acepta que factores ambientales deben estar presentes en la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad, no se profundiza en ellos. Finalmente, se comenta el modelo lamarquiano sugerido por el Prof.. Bolaños. El fin es transmitir que en la actualidad no hay contradicción entre el modelo biologista o psicológico que explicaban esta enfermedad. La concepción moderna une ambos modelos: se considera una enfermedad del neurodesarrollo en la que participan factores genéticos, factores epigenéticos y noxas ambientales, incluyendo los factores psicosociales.
La dicotomía cuantitativo/cualitativo, falsos dilemas en la investigación social
Authors: Chavarría-González María Celina
Published: September 2014

Se discute la dicotomía cuantitativo/cualitativo desde la perspectiva de paradigmas, con el fin de contribuir a un cuestionamiento más amplio que aporte a la reflexión sobre el abordaje de teoría y método en los planteamientos y en la enseñanza de la indagación social. Se destacan supuestos implícitos en diferentes versiones de paradigma, retomándose la necesidad de rebasar concepciones dicotómicas, señalando la visión preclara de Vygotski al respecto. Se recurre a la dimensión histórico-cultural y desde la complejidad como aquella que permite abordar la concepción paradigmática como producto de la consciencia y del sentido, como cosmovisión y práctica histórica y políticamente situada: el ser humano, al construir y reconstruir su mundo, se reconstruye históricamente a sí mismo. Se aboga por una clarificación epistemológica que rebase la concepción hacia métodos mixtos, reconociendo como confuso religar aquello que no está desligado
Aspectos socio-culturales y del desarrollo del parentaje en el conflicto interparental posdivorcio: pautas para la comprensión de la experiencia de los niños y las niñas y las figuras no residentes
Authors: Rosabal-Coto Mariano
Published: September 2014

Resumen. En el presente artículo se discute sobre la perspectiva y la experiencia que niños y niñas, tienen ante el conflicto interparental posdivorcio desde un enfoque de Psicología del Desarrollo culturalmente sensible. A partir de la producción del autor, se pasa revista de los principales constructos teóricos que contextúan culturalmente la discusión del tema del parentaje (crianza) en familias posdivorcio. Seguidamente se profundiza en la actualidad de la investigación sobre el tema de las relaciones con las figuras parentales, particularmente con las no residentes y se enlaza tanto con una perspectiva del desarrollo individual como de las relaciones de parentaje. Las reflexiones apuntan a un acercamiento de la experiencia relacional y subjetiva, así como a elementos propios de la investigación y de aspectos a tomar en cuenta en una eventual intervención clínica con niños y niñas de dichos contextos.Palabras clave: Creencias y prácticas parentales, parentaje y conflicto posdivorcio, efectos en los hijos, familias separadas, conflicto posdivorcio.
Relacionamento Conjugal e Táticas de Resolução de Conflito entre Casais
Authors: Bolze Simone Dill Azeredo , Schmidt Beatriz , Crepaldi Maria Aparecida , Vieira Mauro Luís
Published: September 2014

A presente pesquisa visa a caracterizar o relacionamento conjugal e as táticas de resolução de conflito entre casais. Participaram 104 casais de um estado no Sul do Brasil, perfazendo o total de 208 respondentes. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário de caracterização do relacionamento conjugal e Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). Os resultados obtidos, por meio de análises estatísticas, sugerem que a maioria dos casais considera vivenciar relacionamento conjugal harmônico, com predomínio de estratégias de negociação em casos de emergência de conflitos conjugais. Entretanto, atitudes que envolvem agressão psicológica também apareceram como formas de resolução de conflitos. Os resultados contribuem para elucidar a dinâmica inter-relacional de casamentos saudáveis.
El desarrollo del lenguaje evaluativo en narraciones de niños mexicanos de 3 a 12 años
Authors: Romero Contreras Silvia , Gómez Martínez Gloria Elena
Published: September 2014

Se reporta el desarrollo de la evaluación en narraciones orales de 40 niños mexicanos de 3 a 12 años. Se obtuvieron siete narraciones por sujeto a partir de láminas seleccionadas de libros sin texto. Se definió la evaluación narrativa como la expresión de la postura del narrador a partir de comentarios sobre los sucesos y los personajes, y de la expresión de las emociones de los personajes de la historia. Se construyeron categorías evaluativas tomando en cuenta estudios sobre evaluación en la narración y los propios datos. Los resultados muestran que la cantidad de evaluaciones ofrecidas y su nivel de elaboración discursiva varían en el rango de edad estudiado.
Latino children’s narrative competencies over the preschool years
Authors: Melzi Gigliana , Schick Adina , Bostwick Emily
Published: September 2014

La narración es una habilidad discursiva que se desarrolla en los años preescolares y se correlaciona, así como predice, varios aspectos del desempeño académico en los niños. Las investigaciones actuales sobre el desarrollo narrativo nos ofrecen una visión limitada de las trayectorias narrativas de niños de origen latino que viven en los Estados Unidos. En este estudio, analizamos las habilidades narrativas de 118 niños latinos de bajos recursos a través de los dos años preescolares. Nuestros resultados demuestran que hubo importantes cambios en el desarrollo de las habilidades narrativas en el período preescolar. En general, a los cinco años, los niños eran más autónomos en su narración, produjeron historias más coherentes y complejas e incorporaron un lenguaje más sofi sticado en sus relatos. Los análisis subsiguientes identificaron las habilidades específicas, tanto macro como micro estructurales, que se desarrollan durante los años preescolares.
Editorial
Authors: Smith-Castro Vanessa
Published: September 2014

editorial