bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prussian White Hierarchical Nanotubes with Surface‐Controlled Charge Storage for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Wenhao , Zhu Zixuan , Qin Mingsheng , Chen Sheng , Yao Xuhui , Li Qi , Xu Xiaoming , Wei Qiulong , Mai Liqiang , Zhao Chuan
Published: February 2019

Coordination compounds such as Prussian blue and its analogues are acknowledged as promising candidates for electrochemical sodium storage owing to their tailorable and open frameworks. However, a key challenge for these electrode materials is the trade‐off between energy and power. Here, it is demonstrate that Prussian white (Na3.1Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3) hierarchical nanotubes with fully open configurations render extrinsic Na+ intercalation pseudocapacitance. The cathode exhibits a capacity up to 83 mA h g−1 at an ultrahigh rate of 50 C and an unprecedented cycle life over 10 000 times for sodium storage. In situ Raman spectroscopy together with in situ X‐ray diffraction analysis reveal that intercalation pseudocapacitance enables full reaction of N‐FeIII/FeII sites in Prussian white with a negligible volume expansion (<2.1%). The discovery of surface‐controlled charge storage occurring inside the entire bulk of intercalation cathodes paves a new way for developing high power, high energy, and long life‐span sodium‐ion batteries.
Heterostructure of 1D Ta3N5 Nanorod/BaTaO2N Nanoparticle Fabricated by a One‐Step Ammonia Thermal Route for Remarkably Promoted Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Dong Beibei , Cui Junyan , Gao Yuying , Qi Yu , Zhang Fuxiang , Li Can
Published: February 2019

Heterostructures are widely fabricated for promotion of photogenerated charge separation and solar cell/fuel production. (Oxy)nitrides are extremely promising for solar energy conversion, but the fabrication of heterostructures based on nitrogen‐containing semiconductors is still challenging. Here, a simple ammonia thermal synthesis of a heterostructure (denoted as Ta3N5/BTON) composed of 1D Ta3N5 nanorods and BaTaO2N (BTON) nanoparticles (0D), which is demonstrated to result in a remarkable increase in photogenerated charge separation and solar hydrogen production from water, is introduced. As analyzed and discussed, the Ta3N5/BTON heterostructure is type II and tends to create intimate interfaces between the 1D nanorods and 0D nanoparticles. The 1D Ta3N5 nanorods are demonstrated to transfer electrons along the rod orientation direction. Furthermore, the intimate interfaces of the heterostructure are believed to originate from the similar Ta‐based octahedron units of Ta3N5 and BTON. All of the above features are expected to integrally endow increased photoinduced charge separation and one order of magnitude higher solar overall water splitting activity with respect to counterpart systems. These results may open a new avenue to fabricate heterostructures on the basis of nitrogen‐containing semiconductors that is extremely promising for solar energy conversion.
Edge Segregated Polymorphism in 2D Molybdenum Carbide
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxu , Sun Weiwei , Geng Dechao , Fu Wei , Dan Jiadong , Xie Yu , Kent Paul R. C. , Zhou Wu , Pennycook Stephen J. , Loh Kian Ping
Published: February 2019

Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C), a class of unterminated MXene, is endowed with rich polymorph chemistry, but the growth conditions of the various polymorphs are not understood. Other than the most commonly observed T‐phase Mo2C, little is known about other phases. Here, Mo2C crystals are successfully grown consisting of mixed polymorphs and polytypes via a diffusion‐mediated mechanism, using liquid copper as the diffusion barrier between the elemental precursors of Mo and C. By controlling the thickness of the copper diffusion barrier layer, the crystal growth can be controlled between a highly uniform AA‐stacked T‐phase Mo2C and a “wedding cake” like Mo2C crystal with spatially delineated zone in which the Bernal‐stacked Mo2C predominate. The atomic structures, as well as the transformations between distinct stackings, are simulated and analyzed using density functional theory (DFT)‐based calculations. Bernal‐stacked Mo2C has a d band closer to the Fermi energy, leading to a promising performance in catalysis as verified in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Preparation of Reversible Photoresponsive Poly(SPA‐co‐MMA) Films by Electrospinning: A Possible Route to Smart Materials for Regulating Wettability and Humidity
Authors: Zhang Ce , Liu Zhenfu , Liu Hongxia , Wang Shuai , Zhang Yang , Li Chunhao , Wu Yun
Published: February 2019

The control of surrounding humidity by porous films is an interesting aspect for improving human comfort. Especially, light triggered humidity control is of relevance because light stimulus is contactless so that reducing the impact on both materials and surroundings. In this work, reversible light responsive films with tunable wettability and the ability of regulating surrounding humidity are developed from acrylated spiropyran (SPA)–methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer by electrospinning. The electrospun films for regulating wettability and surrounding humidity can be reversibly manipulated by the simple switch of UV and visible light irradiation because of the unique transformation between polar ring‐opened status and nonpolar ring‐closed status of spiropyran units. Morphology analyses and Cassie theory are used to explain this phenomenon and it is found that surface microstructure and effective chemical composition of the film surface can both significantly influence the reversible variation range of the value of surrounding humidity and surface wettability. The results show that the ability to regulate humidity of 40 wt% poly(SPA‐co‐MMA) film possessing bead‐on‐string fiber surface structure is the best.
Realizing Visible Light Excitation of Tb3+ via Highly Efficient Energy Transfer from Ce3+ for LED‐Based Applications
Authors: Xiao Wenge , Liu Xiaofeng , Zhang Jiahua , Qiu Jianrong
Published: February 2019

Trivalent terbium (Tb3+)‐activated luminescence materials usually show highly efficient green emission with the full width at half maximum of merely 10 nm, but suffer from the unsatisfactory excitable wavelength (<380 nm) as well as the inefficient light absorption. Here, the realization of efficient visible light excitation of Tb3+ is demonstrated in terbium‐concentrated garnet Ca2TbHf2Al3O12 (CTHA) by introducing Ce3+ as the sensitizer. Owing to highly efficient energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+, CTHA:Ce3+ combines advantages of the extra narrow green emission of Tb3+ peaking at 544 nm and the efficient broad excitation of Ce3+ covering the short‐wavelength visible light from 380 to 450 nm. The color gamut of the prototype white light‐emitting diode (LED) by using CTHA:Ce3+ as the green emitter can reach 95% (coverage ratio) of National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) space in Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) 1931, indicating its great potential for LED (or laser diode)‐based applications.
Spheroid Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Results in Morphorheological Properties Appropriate for Improved Microcirculation
Authors: Tietze Stefanie , Kräter Martin , Jacobi Angela , Taubenberger Anna , Herbig Maik , Wehner Rebekka , Schmitz Marc , Otto Oliver , List Catrin , Kaya Berna , Wobus Manja , Bornhäuser Martin , Guck Jochen
Published: February 2019

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are used in clinical trials for the treatment of systemic inflammatory diseases due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. However, intravenous administration of MSCs is hampered by cell trapping within the pulmonary capillary networks. Here, it is hypothesized that traditional 2D plastic‐adherent cell expansion fails to result in appropriate morphorheological properties required for successful cell circulation. To address this issue, a method to culture MSCs in nonadherent 3D spheroids (mesenspheres) is adapted. The biological properties of mesensphere‐cultured MSCs remain identical to conventional 2D cultures. However, morphorheological analyses reveal a smaller size and lower stiffness of mesensphere‐derived MSCs compared to plastic‐adherent MSCs, measured using real‐time deformability cytometry and atomic force microscopy. These properties result in an increased ability to pass through microconstrictions in an ex vivo microcirculation assay. This ability is confirmed in vivo by comparison of cell accumulation in various organ capillary networks after intravenous injection of both types of MSCs in mouse. The findings generally identify cellular morphorheological properties as attractive targets for improving microcirculation and specifically suggest mesensphere culture as a promising approach for optimized MSC‐based therapies.
Patients’ age and discussion with doctors about lung cancer screening: Diminished returns of Blacks
Authors: Chalian Hamid , Khoshpouri Pegah , Assari Shervin
Published: February 2019

Objective

As age is one of the main risk factors for lung cancer, older adults are expected to receive more messages regarding lung cancer screening (LCS). It is, however, unclear whether age similarly increases patients’ chance of discussing LCS across various racial groups. We aimed to determine racial differences in the effect of patients’ age on patient‐physician discussion about LCS.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study borrowed data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (HINTS 2017), which included 2277 adults. Patients’ demographic factors, socioeconomic characteristics, smoking status, possible LCS indication, and patient‐physician discussion about LCS were measured. We ran logistic regression models for data analysis.

Results

Independent of possible LCS indication, older patients were more likely to have a patient‐physician discussion about LCS. However, there was a significant interaction between race and age, suggesting a larger effect of age on the likelihood of discussing LCS with doctors for Whites than Blacks. In race‐stratified models that controlled for possible LCS indication, higher age increased lung cancer discussion for Whites but not for Blacks.

Conclusion

Whether age increases the chance of discussing LCS or not depends on the patient's race, with Blacks receiving fewer messages regarding LCS as a result of their aging.
Assessing subsistence and its relationship to cultural complexity in the late prehistoric upper Midwest: A new perspective provided by dental health
Authors: Karsten Jordan K. , Jeske Robert J. , Edwards Richard W. , Strange David , Kubehl Kayla , Behm Jeffery A.
Published: February 2019

Objective

Previous researchers have assumed that the Late Prehistoric Oneota were less reliant on maize agriculture than their Middle Mississippian neighbors to the south. This assumption is based on the idea that intensive maize agriculture is related to sociopolitical complexity, and that the climate of the Great Lakes region was less conducive to full‐scale agriculture than that of the American Bottom. Here, we assess the diet of the Oneota using dental pathology to test the hypothesis that the Oneota in Eastern Wisconsin were highly reliant on maize agriculture.

Materials and methods

To test our hypothesis, skeletal remains representing 187 individuals and 1,102 teeth were examined from nine Oneota sites from the Middle Fox and Koshkonong Localities, as well as the Late Woodland/Middle Mississippian site of Aztalan.

Dental caries, antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), and dental abscesses were assessed for each individual in the sample. Dental pathologies in the Oneota groups were compared to each other based on Locality and to the Aztalan population using chi‐squared tests.

Results

Dental caries rates for the Oneota, based on the tooth count approach, were observed at 16.8% for the Middle Fox Locality, and 49% for the Koshkonong Locality. Comparatively, the Late Woodland/Middle Mississippian population from Aztalan had a tooth count rate of 19.5%. AMTL rates were similar across samples. Dental abscessing was universally low.

Discussion

The relatively high rate of dental caries among the Oneota is comparable to Middle Mississippian populations from throughout the Midwest, suggesting similar reliance on maize between the groups.
Revisiting traumatic injury risk and agricultural intensification: Postcranial fracture frequency at Cerro Oreja in the Moche Valley of north coastal Peru
Authors: Lambert Patricia M. , Welker Martin H.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

In Lambert and Welker (2017) we explored the association between subsistence economy and postcranial fracture prevalence, finding that low‐intensity agriculturalists exhibited significantly lower fracture rates than foragers or high‐intensity agriculturalists. Here, we explore the impacts of sampling strategy on fracture rates in a sample of high‐intensity agriculturalists from the Moche Valley, Peru, and further test the hypothesis that postcranial fracture risks are higher for intensive agriculture.

Materials and methods

The long bones and clavicles of 102 individuals from an Early Intermediate Period cemetery (400 B.C.–A.D. 200) at Cerro Oreja were examined for healed fractures. Sample composition was manipulated in six ways to investigate the effects of age and element completeness on estimates of fracture prevalence. Fracture rates at Cerro Oreja were then compared to those for other high‐intensity agriculturalists.

Results

Both skeletal element completeness and age composition were found to influence fracture rate estimates, reflecting the greater likelihood of identifying healed fractures on better‐preserved bones and the accrual of injuries with age. The fracture rate of 3.4% at Cerro Oreja was the median value among seven high‐intensity agriculturalist samples. The fracture distribution at Cerro Oreja was most similar to that observed at Kulubnarti, Sudan (Kilgore et al., 1997).

Discussion

Skeletal element completeness and age composition can impact fracture rates estimated for skeletal samples and should be considered when conducting comparative analyses. All rates calculated for Cerro Oreja are within the range of those obtained for other high‐intensity agriculturalists and support previous findings that traumatic injury risk is higher for high‐intensity agriculturalists. Similarities between Cerro Oreja and Kulubnarti suggest that rugged terrain may exacerbate fracture risk for agriculturalists, illustrating the costs of intensive agriculture in suboptimal environments.
Repetitive transient paraplegia caused by painless acute aortic dissection
Authors: Takeda Shinsuke , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Sawada Yasuhiro , Tabuchi Akihiko , Hirata Hitoshi , Mizumoto Toru
Published: February 2019

Case

Making a precise diagnosis of type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) presenting with atypical symptoms might be challenging for clinicians. Misdiagnosis and misuse of thrombolytic therapy can have devastating consequences.

Outcome

Herein, we report a case of painless type A AAD complicated by transient leg paresthesia, which was successfully treated with surgery. On admission, sudden onset of right leg numbness and muscle weakness was the only clue toward the correct final diagnosis.

Conclusion

When patients present with vague neurological symptoms, physicians should not rule out the possibility of AAD until proven otherwise.
Unique characteristics of frequent presenters to the emergency department in a Japanese population: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Takeuchi Shinya , Funakoshi Hiraku , Nakashima Yoshiyuki , Homma Yosuke , Takahashi Jin , Shiga Takashi
Published: February 2019

Aim

Little evidence on Japanese frequent presenters (FPs) is available. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study compared characteristics between FPs and non‐frequent presenters (NFPs) in emergency departments (EDs) in Japan.

Methods

Frequent presenters included those who presented to an ED ≥4 times during the study period from August 1, 2012 to July 21, 2013. The primary outcomes were triage level and disposition. Secondary outcomes were ED length of stay, method of arrival, and discharge diagnosis.

Results

During the study period, 195 FPs had 1,154 visits to the ED, compared to 15,953 visits by 13,838 NFPs. The sex distribution between FPs and NFPs was comparable (107 men [54.9%] versus 7,070 men [51.1%], respectively; P = 0.29), but the mean age was significantly higher in the FP group (57.3 versus 46.5 years, respectively; P < 0.0001). Among the FPs, the rate of free governmental health insurance was higher than that of those who pay 30% of health costs (35 patients paid 0% [79.5%] versus 109 patients paid 30% [42.6%], respectively). Condition severity (FP, 84 severe cases [7.28%]; NFP, 1,320 severe cases [8.27%], respectively) and rate of admission (FP, 207 admissions [17.9%]; NFP, 2,987 admissions [18.7%], respectively) were comparable between the groups, although the rate of ambulance use was lower for the FP group. The most frequent diagnostic codes (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) in the FP group were “symptoms and signs”.

Conclusion

Triage levels and hospital admission rates were not significantly different between FPs and NFPs in this single‐center study in Japan.
High‐Frequency Oscillation Networks and Surgical Outcome in Adult Focal Epilepsy
Authors: González Otárula Karina A. , von Ellenrieder Nicolás , Cuello‐Oderiz Carolina , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean
Published: February 2019

Objective

To investigate whether high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) show spatiotemporal propagation and assess the relevance of the earliest oscillations in relation to the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and postsurgical outcome.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated the intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) of patients who became seizure free after subsequent surgery. We marked HFOs during 1 hour of recordings. We calculated the time delay between pairs of channels as the median delay between their HFOs and constructed a time line of the delay of each channel with respect to the earliest channel (first source channel). A network was defined when a temporal order could be established among the channels based on the existence of statistically significant delays.

Results

Fifteen patients with good surgical outcome were included. We found ripple networks in all patients, and fast ripple networks in 9. For ripples, first source channels were found in a higher proportion in the SOZ than the rest of the network channels (15 of 27 [56%] versus 93 of 262 [35%]; p = 0.04). For both ripples and fast ripples, first source channels were resected more often that the rest of the network channels (ripples: 13 of 27 [48%] versus 65 of 262 [25%]; p = 0.01; fast ripples: 8 of 9 [89%] versus 17 of 40 [43%]; p = 0.002); channels with the highest rates of ripples and fast ripples were resected in a similar proportion.

Interpretation

These results demonstrate that interictal HFOs are organized in networks and indicate a possible need for the resection of first source channels. However, resecting them is not superior to resecting channels with highest rates of HFOs. Ann Neurol 2019;85:485–494
A Molecular Cable Car for Transmembrane Ion Transport
Authors: Credi Alberto
Published: February 2019

The controlled transport of molecular and ionic substrates across bilayer membranes is a fundamental task for the operation of living organisms. It is also a highly fascinating and demanding challenge for artificial molecular machines. The recent report of a synthetic transmembrane molecular shuttle that can transport potassium ions selectively down a gradient in a liposomal system makes a small but significant step towards this goal.
Electron‐Deficient Triborane and Tetraborane Ring Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: February 2019

Electron‐deficient small boron rings are unique in their formation of σ‐ and π‐delocalized electron systems as well as the avoidance of “classical” structures with two‐center‐two‐electron (2c,2e) bonds. These rings are tolerant of several skeletal electron numbers, which makes their redox chemistry highly interesting. In the past few decades, a range of stable compounds have been synthesized with various electron numbers in their B3 and B4 cores. The electronic structures were evaluated by quantum‐chemical calculations. On the other hand, the chemistry of these rings is still very much underdeveloped, being generally limited to the protonation and redox reactions of individual systems. The linkage of several B3 and/or B4 ring systems should give compounds with attractive electronic properties, thus leading the way to novel boron‐based materials. By summarizing important experimental and theoretical results, this Review intends to provide the basis for the exploration of the chemistry of these rings and, in particular, their integration into larger molecular architectures.
CuCl2 heterogenized on metformine‐modified polystyrene resin as an antibacterial agent and recyclable nanocatalyst for Ullmann‐type C‐N coupling reactions
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Ahmadian Hossein , Mirshokraie Seyed Ahmad , Didehban Khadijeh , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi
Published: February 2019

Merrifield Resin was functionalized with metformine and applied as a solid support to immobilize the CuCl2. The Ps‐Met/CuCl2 was characterized by several techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (WDX) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The Ps‐Met/CuCl2 was used as an efficient recyclable solid nanocatalyst for N‐arylation of indole and aniline through coupling reactions of Ullmann‐type C‐N. The advantages of this method are easy workup, improved yields, and simple recovery via filtration. Ultimately, the Ps‐Met/CuCl2 antibacterial property was examined against two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)) and indicated its antibacterial performance against gram negative (E. coli) bacteria and gram positive (Staph. aureus).
Synthesis, crystal structure, absorption properties, photoelectric behavior of organic–inorganic hybrid (CH3NH3)2CoCl4
Authors: Yin Jie , Liu Xuejing , Fan Lin , Wei Jiazhen , He Guohang , Shi Shaozhen , Guo Junxue , Yuan Cang , Chai Ning , Wang Can , Cui Jiawen , Wang Xiaojun , Zhou Huawei , Tian Dongxu
Published: February 2019

Lead‐free and organic–inorganic hybrid (CH3NH3)2CoCl4 [(MA)2CoCl4] single crystal and thin film are prepared. The single crystal diffraction data of (MA)2CoCl4 are assigned to monoclinic, P2(1)/C space group (7.6590 × 12.6908 × 10.89350 Å, 90.0 × 96.5320 × 90.000). The absorption edge of (MA)2CoCl4 reaches 730 nm. The band gap for (MA)2CoCl4 is determined to be approximately 1.63 eV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on (MA)2CoCl4 for optoelectronic applications. A low‐cost photodetector based on (MA)2CoCl4 thin film is efficient under different monochromatic light from 330 nm to 400 nm with different chopping frequencies (1.33–60 Hz). The strongest photoresponse (Ion − Ioff) is under 330 nm monochromatic light with 1.33 Hz according to our optimal condition. The calculational results by density functional theory show that the narrow valence bands and conduction bands are derived from the 3p orbitals of Cl and 3d orbitals of Co.
Highly active catalysts: Double‐shelled hollow nanospheres with tiny Pt NPs
Authors: Yao Gang , Gao Yan , Yang Yaping , Zhu Weihao , Xu Haijun
Published: February 2019

A facile strategy was reported to fabricate a novel Pt‐based metal oxide double‐shelled hollow nanospheres (MDSHs), which avoided the traditional tedious procedures. It was attractive that the formation mechanism of DSHs involved redeposition of etch‐released silica species and self‐assembly of metal oxide units. To verify the successful synthesis and structure features of Pt‐LCDSHs catalyst, the as‐prepared samples were characterized by several techniques, such as SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis, TEM, EDX, XRD and XPS. Results indicated that all of MDSHs possessed double‐shelled structures with both the inner and outer shells composing of metal oxide units. Interestingly, the metal oxide of the DHSs could offer abundant active points for Pt NPs and the space between the double shells also could be filled with Pt NPs. What's more, compared with the pure samples, the Pt‐embedded La2O3‐CeO2‐DSHs exhibited the highest catalytic performance (6.58 × 10−3 min−1) and good reusability with a conversion of 94% even after eight cycles, which were evaluated by means of the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol monitored by UV–vis spectra. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism for the reduction reaction on Pt‐based La2O3‐CeO2‐DSHs was also proposed.
Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of the common littoral shrimp Palaemon serratus (Pennant, 1777) by microsatellites: Towards a sustainable management
Authors: Perina Alejandra , Mari‐Mena Neus , Torrecilla Zeltia , González‐Tizón Ana M. , González‐Castellano Inés , González‐Ortegón Enrique , Martínez‐Lage Andrés
Published: February 2019

The common littoral shrimp Palaemon serratus is an ecologically and economically important decapod crustacean. Understanding the spatial structure of its populations is crucial to implement effective management strategies.

In this study, 17 polymorphic microsatellite nuclear markers were examined in 252 individuals to explore the genetic diversity and the population structure underlying the geographical distribution of this crustacean in European waters.

Basic genetic descriptors, population genetic analyses based on FST, analysis of the molecular variance (AMOVA), Bayesian clustering and the Mantel test were performed. Genetic differentiation was significant among sampling sites.

AMOVAs and Bayesian assignment tests showed genetic differentiation among localities from the Atlantic coast and those belonging to the area of the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea.

The Guadalquivir estuary was significantly different from the remaining localities. A biogeographical break was detected to the west of the Strait of Gibraltar, and evidence of isolation by distance was obtained.

Localities on both sides of the English Channel showed genetic differentiation with the rest of the Atlantic sampling sites, indicating a biogeographical break in this area.

These results will contribute towards the better understanding of the biology and ecology of this shrimp and management of the valuable fishery. Two priority areas were delimited: the Atlantic and the Gibraltar–Mediterranean. The Guadalquivir estuary, Anglesey and Calais should also be considered as different genetic stocks.
TRE1 and CHS1 contribute to deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallens
Authors: Guo Juxin , Xu Yang , Yang Xiaoshan , Sun Xiaohong , Sun Yan , Zhou Dan , Ma Lei , Shen Bo , Zhu Changliang
Published: February 2019

Cuticular resistance, characterized by decreased epidermal penetration, has been reported on highly pyrethroid‐resistant mosquitoes. In this study, we examined the role of genes in the chitin biosynthetic pathway in the context of deltamethrin‐resistant (DR) Culex pipiens pallens. We found that expression of the trehalase (TRE1) gene and chitin synthase (CHS1) gene was upregulated 1.65‐ and 1.75‐fold with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in the DR strain as compared with the deltamethrin‐susceptible (DS) strain. Examination of chitin content in DR and DS pupae showed an increased amount of chitin in DR pupae. To further establish the role of TRE1 and CHS1 in deltamethrin resistance, we injected mosquitoes with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for knockdown of TRE1 or CHS1 expression. The mortality rates of DR mosquitoes exposed to insecticides increased 17% and 26% after siTRE1 and siCHS1 injection, respectively. The siRNA treatment against TRE1 resulted in decreased expression of the downstream gene CHS1. Together, our findings support a role of TRE1 and CHS1 in the regulation of pyrethroid resistance.
Generalized projective synchronization for networks with one crucial node and different dimensional nodes via a single controller
Authors: Zhang Lili , Wang Yinhe , Wang Qingyun , Qiao Shouhong , Wang Fang
Published: February 2019

This paper investigates the generalized projective synchronization (GPS) among the nodes within a complex dynamical network (CDN). Multiple characteristics of realistic networks are simultaneously considered in our network model. First, one crucial node is introduced into our CDN, which behaves like a leader and exists in many practical networks. Second, the commonalities between the crucial node and every other node are discussed and they are embodied in the network model. Third, our CDN is composed of different dimensional nodes and has an overall time‐varying coupling strength. Furthermore, in order to describe more synchronous phenomena, the exponential generalized projective synchronization (EGPS) and asymptotic generalized projective synchronization (AGPS) are defined. The main objective of this paper is to design an effective but simple decentralized controller for the crucial node such that our network realizes GPS. Based on rigorous theoretical derivations, EGPS and AGPS schemes are respectively proposed according to whether the overall coupling strength is certain or adaptive. Few previous studies have focused on this. It is worth pointing out that both the control input and the adaptive law of the coupling strength in this paper only lie in the information of the crucial node, which implies the significance of the crucial node to some extent. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of our theoretical results are verified by two numerical simulation examples.
Green‐light emission through energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions in the Li2SO4–Al2(SO4)3 system
Authors: Yerpude M.M. , Nair Govind B. , Dhoble S.J.
Published: February 2019

An energy transfer process from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions was successfully achieved in a Li2SO4–Al2(SO4)3 mixed‐sulphate system. A wet‐chemical synthesis was employed to prepare the Li2SO4–Al2(SO4)3 system by doping Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions individually as well as collectively. The phases were identified using X‐ray diffraction studies. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by FT‐IR and photoluminescence measurements. Green‐light emission was exhibited by Ce3+, Tb3+ co‐doped Li2SO4–Al2(SO4)3 system, thus, indicating its potential as a material for display devices or in the lamp industry.
Tubal hydatidiform mole treated with salpingotomy: A case report
Authors: Zhao Ting , Hou Xiuhong , Su Chunlin , Wu Qinjiao
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

Tubal hydatidiform mole is rare and mostly treated with salpingectomy. This manuscript presented a case treated with salpingotomy plus methotrexate that possessed a satisfactory outcome. Our report adds to the experience of using salpingotomy in tubal molar patients.
Mature cystic teratoma of ovary with squamous cell carcinoma arising from it
Authors: Maharjan Sushna
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

Clinicians, pathologists, and radiologists should be aware of rare malignant ovarian tumors arising in mature cystic teratoma (MCT). Suspicion should be raised if the patient is elderly, the tumor is huge, and the tumor has large solid foci. However, malignant transformations in MCTs in younger women have been reported.
Unusual presentation of dermatofibroma on the face: Case report
Authors: AlQusayer Maha , AlQusayer Mei , Alkeraye Salim
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

Dermatofibroma (DF; Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma) seldom presents on the face. We present an unusual case presentation of translucent nodule on the upper right cheek of the face which was diagnosed clinically as basal cell carcinoma. Physician should include DF in the differential of such lesions.
The Telomerization of 1,3‐Dienes – A Reaction Grows Up
Authors: Faßbach Thiemo A. , Vorholt Andreas J. , Leitner Walter
Published: February 2019

The front cover artwork for Issue 04/2019 is provided by researchers from the group for Molecular Catalysis at the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion (Germany). The image shows an assembly line that symbolizes the versatility and potential selectivity of the telomerization reaction. See the Minireview itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201801821.
Tuning parameter identification for variable selection algorithm using the sum of ranking differences algorithm
Authors: Nie Mingpeng , Meng Liuwei , Chen Xiaojing , Hu Xinyu , Li Limin , Yuan Leimin , Shi Wen
Published: February 2019

Variable selection algorithms are often adopted to select the optimal variable from a full set of variables and are efficient for reducing the variable dimension and improving the model accuracy. Nonetheless, the parameters of the variable selection method and regression model, such as the number of latent variables of the partial least squares (PLS) model and the threshold value of the variable importance index, need to be identified. The parameters directly determine the final performance of the model. Currently, these parameters are often determined subjectively. As a result, the model results may be accidental because of the subjective determination of the parameters. To objectively identify these parameters, the sum of ranking differences (SRD) coupled with partial least squares‐variable importance in projection (PLS‐VIP‐SRD) and partial least squares‐uninformative variable elimination (PLS‐UVE‐SRD) algorithms was applied to determine the latent variable of the PLS model and the threshold value of the variable importance index. Furthermore, public near‐infrared data of corn were used as the calculation data. The final results show that the PLS‐VIP‐SRD and PLS‐UVE‐SRD models can more effectively and objectively determine the optimal parameter combination than the PLS‐VIP and PLS‐UVE models. Moreover, the selected variables are easier to interpret, and the prediction accuracy is also improved to some extent.
Preparation and Characterization of a π‐Conjugated Donor–Acceptor System Containing the Strongly Electron‐Accepting Tetraphenylborolyl Unit
Authors: Meier Michael , Ji Lei , Nitsch Jörn , Krummenacher Ivo , Deißenberger Andrea , Auerhammer Dominic , Schäfer Marius , Marder Todd B. , Braunschweig Holger
Published: February 2019

A novel thiophene‐bridged donor–acceptor system was synthesized with a carbazole as donor and a borole as acceptor unit. The borole group was successfully installed via the tin–boron exchange reaction of 1,1‐dimethyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetraphenylstannole with 9‐(5‐(dibromoboryl)thiophen‐2‐yl)carbazole. The effect of the borole on the optoelectronic properties of the donor–acceptor system was explored by spectroscopic (UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical (TD‐DFT) methods as well as by modifying its structure. The corresponding donor–acceptor compound bearing the widely employed dimesitylboryl acceptor group was also synthesized for comparison.
DUckCov: a Dynamic Undocking‐Based Virtual Screening Protocol for Covalent Binders
Authors: Rachman Moira , Scarpino Andrea , Bajusz Dávid , Pálfy Gyula , Vida István , Perczel András , Barril Xavier , Keserű György M.
Published: February 2019

Thanks to recent guidelines, the design of safe and effective covalent drugs has gained significant interest. Other than targeting non‐conserved nucleophilic residues, optimizing the noncovalent binding framework is important to improve potency and selectivity of covalent binders toward the desired target. Significant efforts have been made in extending the computational toolkits to include a covalent mechanism of protein targeting, like in the development of covalent docking methods for binding mode prediction. To highlight the value of the noncovalent complex in the covalent binding process, here we describe a new protocol using tethered and constrained docking in combination with Dynamic Undocking (DUck) as a tool to privilege strong protein binders for the identification of novel covalent inhibitors. At the end of the protocol, dedicated covalent docking methods were used to rank and select the virtual hits based on the predicted binding mode. By validating the method on JAK3 and KRas, we demonstrate how this fast iterative protocol can be applied to explore a wide chemical space and identify potent targeted covalent inhibitors.
An explicit micro‐FE approach to investigate the post‐yield behaviour of trabecular bone under large deformations
Authors: Werner Benjamin , Ovesy Marzieh , Zysset Philippe K.
Published: February 2019

Homogenised finite element (FE) analyses are able to predict osteoporosis‐related bone fractures and become useful for clinical applications. The predictions of FE analyses depend on the apparent, heterogeneous, anisotropic, elastic, and yield material properties, which are typically determined by implicit micro‐FE (μFE) analyses of trabecular bone. The objective of this study is to explore an explicit μFE approach to determine the apparent post‐yield behaviour of trabecular bone, beyond the elastic and yield properties. The material behaviour of bone tissue was described by elasto‐plasticity with a von Mises yield criterion closed by a planar cap for positive hydrostatic stresses to distinguish the post‐yield behaviour in tension and compression. Two ultimate strains for tension and compression were calibrated to trigger element deletion and reproduce damage of trabecular bone. A convergence analysis was undertaken to assess the role of the mesh. Thirteen load cases using periodicity‐compatible mixed uniform boundary conditions were applied to three human trabecular bone samples of increasing volume fractions. The effect of densification in large strains was explored. The convergence study revealed a strong dependence of the apparent ultimate stresses and strains on element size. An apparent quadric strength surface for trabecular bone was successfully fitted in a normalised stress space. The effect of densification was reproduced and correlated well with former experimental results. This study demonstrates the potential of the explicit FE formulation and the element deletion technique to reproduce damage in trabecular bone using μFE analyses. The proper account of the mesh sensitivity remains challenging for practical computing times.
Characteristics of pigments, modification, and their functionalities
Authors: Sarkodie Bismark , Acheampong Collins , Asinyo Benjamin , Zhang Xun , Tawiah Benjamin
Published: February 2019

Novel treatments of pigments with inorganic materials have tremendous industrial and commercial prospects. Specific treatment of pigment has a marked effect on its behavior during application. The treatment allows a broad modification of the surface characteristics of pigment particles which leads to improved functionalities. Surface modification of pigments is achieved via coating, polymerization with modifying reagent, treatment with derivatives or polymers, which alter either the optical, conductivity or dispersibility during processing and application. These and many other distinguishing factors that affect the characteristics of pigments such as the class, crystal structure, particle morphology, particle size, hiding power, pigment volume concentration, surface character, and surface treatment have been reviewed. Various organic pigments such as those from fungus and bacteria, and the various families of pigment types such as metallic pigment, light interference, and diffractive pigments which presents decorative quality such as leafing, nonleafing, pearlscent, and Fabry‐Perot effects on substrates have also been reviewed in addition to those from inorganic sources with emphasis on the structure and physiochemical modifications using metal and nonmetal Ions.
Integrating Bacterial ChIP‐seq and RNA‐seq Data With SnakeChunks
Authors: Rioualen Claire , Charbonnier‐Khamvongsa Lucie , Collado‐Vides Julio , van Helden Jacques
Published: February 2019

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming a routine approach in most domains of the life sciences. To ensure reproducibility of results, there is a crucial need to improve the automation of NGS data processing and enable forthcoming studies relying on big datasets. Although user‐friendly interfaces now exist, there remains a strong need for accessible solutions that allow experimental biologists to analyze and explore their results in an autonomous and flexible way. The protocols here describe a modular system that enable a user to compose and fine‐tune workflows based on SnakeChunks, a library of rules for the Snakemake workflow engine. They are illustrated using a study combining ChIP‐seq and RNA‐seq to identify target genes of the global transcription factor FNR in Escherichia coli, which has the advantage that results can be compared with the most up‐to‐date collection of existing knowledge about transcriptional regulation in this model organism, extracted from the RegulonDB database. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Evaluation of the Safety of Intravenous Meloxicam Following Major Surgery
Authors: Bergese Sergio D. , Melson Timothy I. , Candiotti Keith A. , Ayad Sabry S. , Mack Randall J. , McCallum Stewart W. , Du Wei , Gomez Alexis , Marcet Jorge E.
Published: February 2019

An intravenous (IV) formulation of meloxicam is being studied for moderate to severe pain management. This phase 3, randomized, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial evaluated the safety of once‐daily meloxicam IV 30 mg in subjects following major elective surgery. Eligible subjects were randomized (3:1) to receive meloxicam IV 30 mg or placebo administered once daily. Safety was evaluated via adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, wound healing, and opioid consumption. The incidence of adverse events was similar between meloxicam IV– and placebo‐treated subjects (63.0% versus 65.0%). Investigators assessed most adverse events as mild or moderate in intensity and unrelated to treatment. Adverse events of interest (injection‐site reactions, bleeding, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, thrombotic, and wound‐healing events) were similar between groups. Over the treatment period, meloxicam IV was associated with a 23.6% (P = .0531) reduction in total opioid use (9.2 mg morphine equivalent) compared to placebo‐treated subjects. The results suggest that meloxicam IV had a safety profile similar to that of placebo with respect to numbers and frequencies of adverse events and reduced opioid consumption in subjects with moderate to severe postoperative pain following major elective surgery.
Online combinatorial based mechanism for MEC network resource allocation
Authors: Wu Xiaogang , Jiang Weiheng , Zhang Yu , Yu Wanxin
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the resource allocation problem for mobile edge computing (MEC) network is discussed. We focus on the design of online resource allocation strategy by considering the time‐varying demands of the combinatorial resources for the mobile users. To handle this issue, at first, a time splitting‐based online allocation mechanism is introduced. Then, for a given resource allocation period of the time splitting, a combinatorial auction mechanism for the combination resources allocation is proposed. We further prove that the proposed combinatorial auction is both individual rational and incentive‐compatible, and which can bring a higher revenue to the service provider. In order to verify the performance of the proposed mechanism, a variable‐relaxed‐based performance‐bound algorithm and a greedy optimization‐based suboptimal algorithm are presented for comparison purpose. Finally, the performance of these proposed algorithms are testified by numerical simulations, which confirm the analysis results.
Recent drought and tree mortality effects on the avian community in southern Sierra Nevada: a glimpse of the future?
Authors: Roberts L. Jay , Burnett Ryan , Tietz James , Veloz Sam
Published: February 2019

Birds respond rapidly to changes in both habitat and climate conditions and thus are good indicators of the ecological effects of a changing climate, which may include warmer temperatures, changing habitat conditions, and increased frequency and magnitude of extreme events like drought. We investigated how a widespread tree mortality event concurrent with a severe drought influenced the avian community of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California. We assessed and compared the separate effects of climate stresses and altered habitat conditions on the avian community and used this information to evaluate the changes that are likely to occur in the near future. We built tree mortality maps from freely available Landsat imagery with Google Earth Engine. We analyzed avian point counts from 2010 to 2016 in the southern Sierra Nevada, to model temperature, water deficit, and tree mortality effects on the abundances of 45 bird species, and then used these models to project abundances into the future based on three climate projections. A large portion of the avian community, 47%, had a positive relationship with temperature increase, compared to 20% that responded negatively. More species (36%) declined with drier conditions than increased (29%). More species declined in response to high tree mortality (36%) than increased (9%). A preponderance of species adapted to colder temperatures (higher elevation) had negative responses to high tree mortality and water deficit, but positive responses to increasing temperature. We projected the highest total bird abundances in the future under the warmest climate scenario that we considered, but habitat modification (e.g., tree mortality) and water deficit could offset the positive influence of temperature for many species. As other studies have shown, climate warming may lead to substantial but idiosyncratic effects on wildlife species that could result in community composition shifts. We conclude that future climate conditions may not have a universally negative effect on biodiversity in the Sierra Nevada, but probable vegetation changes and increased likelihood of extreme events such as drought should be incorporated into climate‐smart forest and wildlife management decisions.
Genetic diversity among perennial wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff., in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Lam Dinh T. , Buu Bui C. , Lang Nguyen T. , Toriyama Kinya , Nakamura Ikuo , Ishikawa Ryuji
Published: February 2019

Oryza rufipogon Griff. is a perennial species of wild rice widely distributed along the channels and rivers of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This study attempted to find centers of diversity among wild rice populations in this area and their inter‐relationships. The highest genetic diversity was found in the Dong Thap population and the lowest in the Can Tho population. Maternal diversity evaluated using chloroplast INDELs detected ten plastid types, five of which were novel relative to other Asian countries. The mitochondrial genome suggested two unique deletions. One 699‐bp deletion via short tandem repeats was accompanied by another deletion including orf153. All accessions carrying the mitochondrial type were found in a particular plastid type. This unique maternal lineage was confined to specific channels where it showed vigorous vegetative growth in comparison to upstream areas where various maternal lineages and maximum genetic diversity occurred. This area along the Mekong Delta is a center of not only nuclear but also maternal diversity.