bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Pilgrims of the Night”: The American Catholic Church Responds to the Post-World War II Displaced Persons Crisis
Authors: Scribner Todd
Published: November 2013

The destruction wrought by World War II initiated a wave of displaced persons across Europe. In response, the American Catholic Church became proactive in its efforts to respond to this crisis and, by the early 1950s, had resettled just shy of two hundred thousand Europeans who were displaced by the war. In the years immediately preceding the war, however, the church lacked both the infrastructure and the will to respond to the refugee crisis of the magnitude witnessed in the postwar period. Within a few years following its end, it had established a resettlement network that was international in scope and effective in its response to the immediate crisis in Europe, and that laid the groundwork for its expansive resettlement efforts in the second half of the twentieth century. The process that church leadership took to build this infrastructure provides insights into an important instance of institution building within the American church that had ramifications extending into the twenty-first century; it is a process that, with the exception of a few scholars, has not received as much attention as it deserves in the secondary literature. This essay is a first step in addressing this oversight.
John Ireland, St. Eloi Parish, and the Dream of an American Catholic Church
Authors: Gaul Anita Talsma
Published: November 2013

In the late nineteenth century, the Catholic Church in the United States experienced a period of rapid growth primarily due to immigration. Many American bishops allowed immigrants to form their own churches, resulting in the creation of national parishes. Bishop John Ireland of St. Paul, Minnesota, however, disapproved of national parishes; he envisioned a church that was multiethnic, unified, and American . Yet a small parish in his diocese, St. Eloi, demonstrates the difficulty in achieving this dream. Disputes and disagreements plagued St. Eloi, usually pitting the French Canadian minority against the Flemish majority. The story of St. Eloi also reveals that Ireland’s vision for the church sometimes differed from the immigrants’ own ideas and plans for their parish. The dream of an American Catholic Church, therefore, was a contested one, contested between a bishop intent on molding the church to fit his vision and immigrant communities who had different ideas of what it meant to be an “American” church.
Monastic Evangelization?: The Sacramental Vision of America’s Early Benedictine Monks
Authors: Monson Paul G.
Published: November 2013

The article shows how America’s nineteenth-century Benedictine missionaries adopted a sacramental vision of evangelization. In particular, the study posits an intriguing, albeit qualified parallel between Vatican II’s articulation of the church as sacrament ( Lumen gentium no. 1) and the thought of two abbots at the headwaters of the American Benedictine movement: Boniface Wimmer (1809-1887) and Martin Marty (1834-1896). These pioneer monks understood the monastery as an ecclesial sacramentum , or in the words of Lumen gentium , as an instrument and sign of evangelization. In support of this thesis, two significant ideas arise in the abbots’ distinct yet complementary visions for monasticism in America: (1) the role of the Benedictine vow of stabilitas (RB 4.78, 58.17), and (2) the role of the local Catholic community within the universal church. Overall, the study demonstrates how America’s earliest Benedictines anticipated Vatican II’s renewal of the perennial call for Catholics to be a light to the nations.
Visual Theology: Reading the Text of One Marian Altar
Authors: Wright Wendy M.
Published: November 2013

The visual “text” of the interior environment and one particular Marian altar at St. Cecilia parish in the “minority majority” Archdiocese of Los Angeles is the starting point for reflection about the present American church, its history, its changing demographics, and the shifting theological, cultural, and generational patterns of American Catholic life. Several pastoral and theological implications of this observed change are suggested.
Learning to Live Again: Contemporary US Memoir as Biopolitical Self-Care Guide
Authors: Brown Megan C.
Published: November 2013

Using Michel Foucault’s concepts of biopower and “technologies of the self,” this essay argues that memoir can function as a mode of lifestyle instruction, teaching readers about self-care while enforcing and perpetuating norms of health, productivity, and attitude. In particular, memoirs about addiction, such as Cheryl Strayed’s Wild, Koren Zailckas’s Smashed , and James Frey’s A Million Little Pieces become biopolitical guides for living, as they explore the authors’ deviance from norms and illustrate possibilities for reentering the realm of the normal, productive, and well-managed.
“Iraq in My Bones”: Second-Generation Memory in the Age of Global Media
Authors: Delisle Jennifer Bowering
Published: November 2013

This paper outlines my concept of “genealogical nostalgia,” the post-immigrant generation’s ambivalent longing for the places and stories of their parents’ birth. In her memoir The Orange Trees of Baghdad , second-generation Canadian Leilah Nadir navigates genealogical nostalgia and postmemory, articulating the unique condition of the post-immigrant generation in our globalized world.
A Series of Dated Traces: Diaries and Film
Authors: Quendler Christian
Published: November 2013

This article investigates deep conceptual affinities between diaries and cinema by reading Philippe Lejeune’s minimal definition of the diary as a “series of dated traces” against theories of film. I propose to regard written testimonial traces and filmic documentary traces as indexes of different modes and complementary semiotic orders. This view will shed light on borrowings and exchanges between filmic documents and personal testimonies, and account for the invigorating role of the diary as a genre of personal and medial explorations.
Slavery in Europe: Part 1, Estimating the Dark Figure
Authors: Datta Monti Narayan , Bales Kevin
Published: November 2013

The estimation of the "dark figure" for any crime (the number of actual instances of a specific crime committed minus the reported cases of that crime within a population) has primarily rested on the ability to conduct random sample crime surveys. Such surveys are based on the assumption that victims experience crimes that are discrete, time-bound, and of relatively short duration. The crime of enslavement, however, presents a special challenge to estimation because it is of indeterminate duration. This challenge is compounded by the fact that victims of slavery are also often isolated by the stigma linked to sexual assault, or a sense of shame over their enslavement. Using a unique dataset, based in part on the random sample surveys of Julia Pennington et al. (2009), and extended through a process of extrapolation, this paper estimates the numbers of victims of slavery and human trafficking for thirty-seven countries in Europe. These estimated numbers of slavery victims are then compared with reported cases of slavery and trafficking for the same countries.
Intersectionality and the Spectrum of Racist Hate Speech: Proposals to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
Authors: Ghanea Nazila
Published: November 2013

The purpose of this article is to give attention to the concept of racist hate speech and particularly to the fact of its complexity and inseparability from a wider spectrum of hatred. Using the methodology of intersectionality, this article encourages the CERD Committee's continued but cautious engagement in relation to racist hate speech. This article is a lightly modified version of a paper the author was invited to present at the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination's day of thematic discussion on Racist Hate Speech, held during CERD's eighty-first session on 28 August 2012 in Geneva.
Impact of the ECtHR Rulings on Turkey's Democratization: An Evaluation
Authors: Özbudun Ergun , Türkmen Füsun
Published: November 2013

Turkey has long retained the record of individual applications before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). On the other hand, the ECtHR has been playing a crucial role in the democratization of this country, as most of its rulings were followed by substantial reforms. This, however, cannot conceal a dichotomy: although the reforms reflect the political will of the government, the decisions rendered by national courts often indicate the opposite, hampering the democratization process and leaving the country with a judiciary impasse. The reasons and consequences of this phenomenon are analyzed in this essay.
From Architecture to Geometry: The Relationship Between the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and Organs of the African Union
Authors: Odinkalu Chidi Anselm
Published: November 2013

The Constitutive Act of the African Union envisages a multiplicity of continental human rights organs, including the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (the Court); the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (PSC); and the African Union Commission on International Law (AUCIL). The creation of these bodies can be seen as the fruit of efforts by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (the Commis-sion) to put human rights at the heart of interstate cooperation in Africa. Prior to the Constitutive Act, the Commission had held a near monopoly on human rights promotion and protection in Africa at the regional level since its inception in 1987. Since 2000, however, the Commission's role has been reshaped to accommodate the new organs. This article examines the relationships that have formed between the Commission and the Court, the PSC, and the AUCIL.
The Legitimacy of Human Rights Courts: A Grounded Interpretivist Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Çalı Başak , Koch Anne , Bruch Nicola
Published: November 2013

This article offers an empirically grounded interpretivist analysis of the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights based on domestic judicial and political elite accounts of the legitimacy of the Court in Turkey, Bulgaria, United Kingdom, Ireland, and Germany. The central argument of the article is that the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights is based on a constant comparison between the values and goals of domestic institutions and the values and goals of the European Court of Human Rights. More specifically, the social legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights is grounded in the logic of a fair compromise: What actors think they lose by according legitimacy to the European Court of Human Rights must be balanced by what they perceive to gain in return. Three factors organize how actors in different domestic settings strike a fair compromise in their domestic contexts: a) perception of domestic human rights conditions, b) commitment to cosmopolitan ideals of human rights and international law, and c) commitment to domestic institutions.
The Disbanding of the SADC Tribunal: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Nathan Laurie
Published: November 2013

In 2011 the heads of state of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) disbanded the SADC Tribunal after the regional court held that the Zimbabwean government's land seizures violated the rule of law. The disbandment reflects SADC's hierarchy of values, in terms of which the organization's formal commitment to human rights and a regional legal order is subordinate to the political imperatives of regime solidarity and respect for sovereignty. The Tribunal saga demonstrates that the jurisdiction of regional courts derives not simply from their official mandates but from an interplay between domestic and regional law and politics.
Calibrating Interpretive Incorporation: Constitutional Interpretation and Pregnancy Discrimination Under CEDAW
Authors: Neo Jaclyn Ling-Chien
Published: November 2013

The success of implementing human rights treaties is often dependent on a country's national laws and local conditions. There is an implementation gap in dualist regimes where courts do not implement human rights treaty provisions because they have not been domesticated by a legislative (or other necessary) incorporating act. Interpretive incorporation is a judicial trend that seeks to mitigate this strict separatist view. This article examines the use of interpretive incorporation in Malaysia to incorporate CEDAW's prohibition against pregnancy discrimination through constitutional interpretation. It calibrates the outcomes of interpretive incorporation based on the status judges effectively give to unincorporated human rights treaties. Finally, the article reflects on some of the continuing local constraints on interpretive incorporation.
Right to Development and Global Governance: Old and New Challenges Twenty-Five Years On
Authors: Rajagopal Balakrishnan
Published: November 2013

"Right to Development" (RTD) called for a fundamental transformation of global governance at its origin. This transformation would enable RTD's full realization by overcoming international barriers to greater influence for the voices of the developing countries in global economic and political decision-making and to more solidarity. Twenty-five years later, elements of that agenda have in fact been achieved, enabling greater voice and influence for some developing countries, while their very success has raised new challenges to global governance of the future. This article analyzes key challenges that arise to the future of the right to development due to the "rise of the rest" and concludes that a fundamental rethinking of RTD and alternative structural changes in global governance are needed to realize the moral and political ideals of the right to development.
Are Peruvian Victims Being Mocked?: Politicization of Victimhood and Victims' Motivations for Reparations
Authors: de Waardt Mijke
Published: November 2013

Research on the (promised) effects of transitional justice efforts on victims of civil conflicts remains rare. This article seeks to advance the field of research in two ways. First, this article focuses on how Peruvian victimhood became politicized as a consequence of a promised transitional justice mechanism: the Peruvian reparation program. Second, by highlighting the diverse motivations of members of grassroots victims' organizations, it brings to the fore important lessons on the successes and challenges of this transitional justice mechanism.
Those Men in Saffron Robes
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael
Published: November 2013

The sangha in Myanmar is often considered by some scholars to be a “loose,” “autonomous,” “democratic,” and “de-centralized” organization that does not resemble a “church” in the Western sense of the term. Yet, when it serves certain ideological purposes — particularly when many in saffron robes march against a government one does not like — then, the sangha suddenly becomes a cohesive and ideologically united organization. But when the crisis is over, and one wants it to be no longer monolithic — that is, when one desires to promote its anti-centralist nature and Government’s effeteness in controlling it — then it returns once again to being a “loosely” organized autonomous, and “democratic” organization. Scholarship on the Myanmar sangha needs far more consistent methodology, rigorous analysis, better use of original evidence, and a longer historical context in which to “locate” it than heretofore realized. This is particularly crucial when interpreting highly-charged, emotional, and sensational events such as the so-called “Saffron Revolution” of 2007, which turns out to be neither “saffron” nor “revolutionary.” This becomes most clear when the sangha , as in this article, is studied not in isolation and out of historical context, but within a long-term and intimate relationship with the state.
A Cross-Cultural Encounter in Pre-Colonial Burma: Henry Gouger’s Narrative of Commerce and Captivity, 1822–26
Authors: Clement Mark
Published: November 2013

An Anglo-Indian merchant, Henry Gouger traveled to Ava on a private trade mission in 1822 and was interned for the duration of the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26). This article offers an analysis of his well-known account of these events in A Personal Narrative of Two Years’ Imprisonment in Burmah (1860). A colorful, sentimental narrative, Gouger’s book affords a rare opportunity to study the mentality of a private trader. My article seeks to explain the diversity of views of Burma and its people found in Gouger’s text, with special emphasis on his commercial purpose, shifting fortunes, and unsettled identity. I place Gouger’s experience in the context of diplomatic and military relations between the rival expanding empires of Ava and the English East India Company, and engage with recent scholarship on cross-cultural encounters and travel writing. In so doing, I dissent from grand narratives of colonial contact and question the contention that in the early 19th century, British views of Asia coalesced into a monolithic “Orientalist” stereotype that served colonialist agendas.
Campā Epigraphical Data on Polities and Peoples of Ancient Myanmar
Authors: Griffiths Arlo , Lepoutre Amandine
Published: November 2013

The inscriptions of ancient Campā written in Old Cam language show names that seem to denote certain polities and/or ethnic groups of ancient Myanmar: Pukām (Pagan) and Davāy (Dawei). Possibly they show a further polity but the term in question, Lauv, could denote ancient Laos, China or Lawa. Our recent study of inscriptions containing these names allows for the correction of certain mistaken historical interpretations that are currently accepted among scholars of ancient Myanmar. For more than a century, incomplete readings of one inscription, and the fact that other inscriptions had been incorrectly dated, have led scholars to believe that the oldest mentions of Pagan, dating from c.1050, were found in inscriptions of Campā. By bringing to light new data from previously unpublished inscriptions, this article aims to update the understanding of epigraphical data from Campā relevant to ancient Myanmar and to relations between Myanmar polities, Campā, and other polities of mainland Southeast Asia also mentioned in Campā inscriptions.
Normative Hybridity in Contemporary Greece: Beyond “Modernizers” and “Underdogs” in Socio-Political Discourse and Practice
Authors: Xenakis Sappho
Published: November 2013

Extending analytical frameworks that have been developed to explore culture, society and law through the concept of hybridity, the concept of “normative hybridity” is here introduced to the study of socio-political discourse and related practice with particular reference to contemporary Greece. Drawing on insights from a range of disciplines, mainstream dichotomous conceptions of occidentalist “modernizers” and orientalist recalcitrant “underdogs” are challenged by bringing attention to the commonplace hybrid discourse and practice of “modernizers,” on one hand, and the normative underpinnings of the “underdog” mentality, on the other hand. Against the stereotyping of individuals and groups as either “modernizers” or “underdogs,” it is argued that normative hybridity in Greece effectively presents a public reservoir of moral logic from which all individuals selectively draw inspiration and justification for their actions.
The God Dilemma: Faith, the Church, and Political Violence in Cyprus
Authors: Novo Andrew R.
Published: November 2013

The Cypriot Orthodox Church played an essential role in the Greek-Cypriot struggle for political unification with Greece (enosis) during the 1950s. Church support was both ideological and material, providing the philosophical basis for the campaign directed against British rule and partnering with the armed group EOKA; in this way, the church shaped the struggle’s inception and its course. But the struggle also inherited the church’s limitations; irredentist, Christian-Orthodox, and anti-communist, its rigid ideology excluded and antagonized Cyprus’s Turkish minority and the Greek-Cypriot left wing, fatally pigeon-holing enosis as a movement of the Greek-Cypriot right. At the same time, church leaders, particularly Archbishop Makarios III, struggled with the idea of employing fatal violence to further the cause. This tension eventually undercut the use of violence to achieve enosis and contributed to the negotiated compromise of independence.
Playing in the Dark: Staging Lesbian Blues , Questioning Gendered Belonging
Authors: Pakis Elisavet
Published: November 2013

In this article I discuss a collective theater performance called Lesbian Blues that took place in Athens, Greece in 1998. It was an experimental performance, directed by feminist director Christiana Lambrinidis. The piece was devised collaboratively with the women who took part in the project, through improvisation drawing on their lives, bodies, and writings. Drawing on Judith Butler’s framework (1993, 1997), and on scenes from Lesbian Blues , I argue that this performance was staging a melancholic landscape in a (national) Greek imaginary, i.e., “workings of gender that do not ‘show’ in what is performed as gender” (Butler 1997:144). I examine how the women were writing and performing their queer selves, bodies, and desires, making rifts in the silence. I explore the atmosphere of embattlement, conflict, and the “blues” that informs the theatrical images. I argue that, drawing on their lives, bodies, and experiences, the women were questioning and contesting a Greek order of gendered belonging.
Drawing Conclusions: Greek Antiquity, The €conomic Crisis, and Political Cartoons
Authors: Talalay Lauren E.
Published: November 2013

The recent economic crisis in Greece has generated endless debate, heated discussions, protests, and an outpouring of articles, blogs, and op-ed pieces in newspapers. Just as powerful, but less noted, are a spate of political cartoons that comment on the current turmoil from a satiric perspective. Examples published in the Western media often feature well-known icons, deities, and heroes from Greek antiquity cleverly resituated into the unsettled state of contemporary politics. For the most part, this visual discourse suggests that modern Greece has not only been fiscally irresponsible but has disgraced its patrimony. Viewed as squandering the precious symbolic capital of their past, modern Greeks are cast as wayward descendants of a vaunted ancestry. Attempts to decipher these images raise questions about the deceptively simple nature of the genre as well as embedded ideas about Western Hellenism and Modern Greek identity.
Seals as Sources for the History of Negeri Sembilan
Authors: Gallop Annabel Teh
Published: November 2013

Malay seals are in general extremely reliable historical witnesses, with care and consistency in the use of names and titles, pedigrees, toponyms and dates. A very different seal culture flourished in the Minangkabau highlands of west Sumatra. Minangkabau kings had seals of office which did not designate a particular ruler, but rather the institution of kingship itself, represented by the symbolic regnal name of Sultan Maharaja Diraja ibn Sultan Abdul Jalil Muazzam Syah , and also dispensed seals of patronage in the name of Sultan Abdul Jalil . Minangkabau influence is strongly felt in Negeri Sembilan, and many Negeri Sembilan seals cite as their font of authority Sultan Abdul Jalil Muazzam Syah (Rembau, Ulu Muar, Seri Menanti, Tampin), Sultan Muhammad Jalil (Sungai Ujung) or Sultan Muazzam Syah (Jelebu). All these variants can now be interpreted as deriving from the symbolic Minangkabau regnal title of 'Sultan Abdul Jalil Muazzam Syah' rather than from a sultan of Johor, as had long been thought. This recognition has important implications for the historiography of Negeri Sembilan.
Muslim Merchants and Traders in Penang, 1860s-1970s
Authors: Musa Mahani , Salleh Badriyah Haji
Published: November 2013

Merchants and traders played a vital role in transforming Penang into an important port and trading centre after the English East India Company's Francis Light took over the island in 1786. While some studies have highlighted their activities since the formal occupation of Penang, the role and contributions of Muslim merchants have received little attention. In the early years of Penang's economic development this group monopolized the ocean trades, but some writers have seen the large influx of Chinese immigrants in the mid-nineteenth century as overshadowing their role. While this may be true in the Chinese concentration on large-scale trades, Muslim businesses flourished in George Town right through the twentieth century and their activities also extended to Penang's outlying areas and to other communities. This essay looks at their roles, contributions and social impact from the 1860s until the 1970s.
The Tageh Sing Ritual of the Kensiw, Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Nagata S.
Published: November 2013

The religious tradition of the Malaysian Orang Asli is closely associated with ritual singing, dances and shamanistic seances during which curing ceremonies are performed. Geoffrey Benjamin first noted the regional differentiation in this traditional practice between the east and the west Orang Asli. In the west, among the Kensiw people of Kedah, however, another genre of religious practice that does not entail shamanistic seances has been common. Called tageh , it is accompanied with music produced by an instrument that appears to be unique in Malaysia. This note describes the features of tageh , based on my fieldwork in the early 1970s in a Kensiw settlement near Baling, Kedah.
El turismo responsable en España a debate. Consideraciones desde el punto de vista de la producción y del consumo turístico
Authors: González Reverté Francesc , Soliguer Guix Anna
Published: November 2013

El artículo reúne, a partir de diferentes entrevistas semiestructuradas, la opinión de reconocidos especialistas españoles en turismo responsable para observar cuáles son los focos de debate actuales y las previsibles tendencias futuras de esta modalidad. Los focos de discusión se centran en diferentes aspectos relacionados con la producción y el consumo de este tipo de turismo extraídos a partir de una revisión de la literatura reciente sobre la temática (el turismo responsable como palanca de cambio social, la necesidad de comercializarlo o las estrategias para poner en marcha productos de turismo responsable de acuerdo con determinados patrones de desarrollo). Como resultado principal destaca la consideración del turismo responsable como una práctica con elevado potencial de atracción sobre la demanda española debido a que el turismo responsable dispone de una imagen identificable y diferenciada respecto a otras modalidades turísticas, genera impactos positivos en los destinos y permite combinar las prácticas de ocio con el conocimiento directo del destino. Asimismo se detectan retos de futuro: la proliferación de denominaciones que confunden a la demanda, el desequilibrio en la localización de los destinos, el acceso limitado a los mercados y las dificultades para consolidar los proyectos que no tienen una gestión eficiente.
La competitividad turística de Cantabria para la demanda potencial de la población del sur de Francia
Authors: Sariego López Ignacio , Moreno Melgarejo Alberto
Published: November 2013

El turismo está experimentando fuertes transformaciones, y la competitividad entre destinos es cada vez más fuerte. Ante esta situación, el conocimiento de los mercados potenciales, así como la percepción de los posibles competidores, facilitará que los destinos orienten sus políticas de desarrollo de forma adecuada.La siguiente investigación trata de dar a conocer las características del  mercado turístico del sur de Francia como potencial flujo dirigido hacia Cantabria. Para ello se ha generado información precisa, fiable y comparable con la recolección de 1.700 encuestas, entre los meses de noviembre 2011 y febrero de 2012, evaluando los principales focos de población del sur de Francia: Anglet, Bayona, Biarritz, Burdeos, Pau, Tarbes y Toulouse, todas ellas ciudades situadas a menos de 6 horas de la capital cántabra: Santander. La recolección de muestras se realizó en diferentes áreas-motivo de la ciudad para captar distintos nichos socioeconómicos: mercados tradicionales, estaciones, hipermercados, centros comerciales, plazas principales, entradas en restaurantes y cines, entre otros.Los resultados del proyecto son  de dos tipos; en el primero de ellos se muestran los datos del turista potencial en general, y en el segundo, aquellos turistas que sí han visitado Cantabria y tienen una percepción y valoración de los recursos, productos y servicios turísticos consumidos en esta Comunidad. El tratamiento de la información se realiza estadísticamente mediante el empleo de la herramienta SPSS, con la que se cruzan las 121 variables a estudio. La investigación finaliza con un apartado de consideraciones finales a partir del conjunto de los datos elaborados.
Optionality in grammar and language use
Authors: McGregor William B.
Published: November 2013

This paper investigates optionality in grammar and language use, and argues that there is optionality and optionality, and thus that it is essential that we be much more careful than hitherto in categorizing linguistic entities as optional. Equipped with a suitably constrained construal of the term, it is possible to formulate testable generalizations about optionality. Specifically, it is always meaningful in the sense that the contrast between use and non-use of a given linguistic element conveys meaning; use and non-use are never in absolutely free variation. Furthermore, there are restrictions on the type of meaning associated with the two contrasting paradigmatic “forms”. It is always a type of interpersonal meaning, concerning the domain of joint attention. It is further suggested that the connection between form and meaning is motivated, and thus this represents another domain in which the linguistic sign emerges as non-arbitrary. Evidence for the proposed meaning is presented from case studies of five diverse domains of grammar: complementizers, case markers, definiteness markers, person and number markers, and NP ellipsis. While these case studies only scratch the surface of the range of optional phenomena in the world’s languages, they provide sufficient circumstantial evidence to make an initial case for the proposals; they also raise numerous questions for future investigation.
Hemorrhagic complications of chronic anticoagulant treatment in a single intensive care unit
Authors: Tinyei Ilona , Kocsi Zsuzsanna , Pénzes István , Nyulasi Tibor
Published: November 2013

Introduction: There are well defined indications in which chronic anticoagulant treatment has been widely applied. However, complications of this therapy are less discussed, although these complications may lead to serious or even fatal consequences. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyze data of patients admitted to their multidisciplinary intensive care unit for complications of chronic anticoagulant therapy between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2011. Method: Data of 73 patients admitted for serious hemorrhagic complications of chronic anticoagulant therapy were retrospectively analysed. Results: Of the 73 patients, 63 patients had intracranial bleeding, most of them with traumatic origin. A few patients with other hemorrhagic complications such as spinal hematoma, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemorrhagic cystitis, hemothorax and intraabdominal bleeding were also noted. The INR values were out of therapeutic range in 43 patients. The mortality of patients was very high in spite of complex intensive care; 49 of the 73 patients (75.5%) died due to hemorrhagic complications. Conclusions: Due to the high proportion of traumatic origin, the large number of out-of-range INR, and the high mortality, the authors strongly believe that regular patient follow-up, transmission of detailed information, and time-to-time reevaluation of the indications and contraindications of chronic anticoagulant therapy could help to decrease the number of serious and fatal complications of chronic anticoagulant therapy. Orv. Hetil., 154(46), 1829–1835.
Unbekannte Liszt-Dokumente aus deutschen Bibliotheken
Authors: Hamburger Klára
Published: November 2013

The first part of the present documentary publishes fifty-one autograph letters and five short notes of Ferenc Liszt from the collection of the Berlin State Library, written in French and German between 1836 and 1886. Some of those written to music publisher Hermann Härtel concern the edition of compositions such as Consolations and Études ďexécution transcendante, while others touch on his transcriptions. Other letters are addressed to various musicians, friends, lady-friends, etc., among them Richard Wagner and C. F. Weitzmann. In the second part there follow sixteen documents from the Library of the Frankfurt University, among them a receipt of 200 francs from the Duchess of Berry to the young artist in 1824.
“How many thousands of a lazy millionaire are tantamount to these hundred forints?” Clara Schumann’s donation to the National Conservatory in Pest
Authors: Mikusi Balázs
Published: November 2013

Clara Schumann gave her first Pest concerts in February 1856. A survey of the enthusiastic reviews reveals that she was received as the foremost representative of “classic art,” whose performances gave the Hungarian public—until then mostly admiring exhibitionist virtuosos—an entirely new idea about what music was capable of. The moral superiority of Clara seemed also confirmed by her generous donation to the future National Conservatory, which was initially commented on in the most flattering terms in the press. In early March, however, the Pester Lloyd aired that the generous donation may not have been absolutely voluntary, an anonymous go-between having forcefully talked the pianist into financially supporting the institution. Induced by the recent discovery of Clara Schumann’s original deed of foundation (acquired in July 2011 by the Music Collection of the National Széchényi Library) this article seeks to reconstruct the story in some detail by rehearsing the press debate surrounding the donation, exploring the financial situation of the Music Society of Pest-Buda in the 1850s, scrutinizing the minutes of its board meetings, as well as comparing Clara Schumann’s contribution with those given by other traveling musicians.
Nanoscale and Microscale Hardness of Hydroxyapatite – BisGMA/TEGDMA Composites
Authors: Thompson Jesse E. , Kaufman Jessica D. , Lee David S.
Published: November 2013

We have investigated BisGMA-TEGDMA dental composites with varying mass fractions of hydroxyapatite and silica filler. Commercially available dental composites with 60% silica filler were synthesized in the presence of nanometer-sized hydroxyapatite crystals. We have compared the mechanical properties of BisGMA-TEGDMA samples filled with silica only and those filled with silica and hydroxyapatite particles. We report on hardness as a function of crystalline content as determined by nanoindentation and microindentation.
Uso da avaliação de tecnologias em saúde em processos de análise para incorporação de tecnologias no Sistema Único de Saúde no Ministério da Saúde
Authors: Novaes Hillegonda Maria Dutilh , Elias Flávia Tavares Silva
Published: November 2013

As políticas científicas com objetivos de produção de conhecimentos em saúde foram ampliadas nas últimas décadas. No Brasil, o incentivo à pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação em saúde constou na Lei Orgânica da Saúde desde 1990, e políticas científicas e tecnológicas para a área da saúde foram propostas a partir de 1994, incluindo políticas de desenvolvimento da avaliação de tecnologias em saúde (ATS), como em outros países. Coloca-se agora a avaliação dos impactos da ATS sobre a gestão e incorporação de tecnologias nos sistemas de saúde. Como estudo de caso para o uso da ATS em processos de incorporação de tecnologias no Brasil foi analisada a participação do Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia (DECIT) do, Ministério da Saúde, na Comissão de Incorporação de Tecnologias do Ministério da Saúde (CITEC), no período 2008-2010. Foram utilizados 103 estudos na CITEC, 80% produzidos pelo DECIT, a maioria sínteses com base na literatura existente, e 80% das tecnologias tinham propósito terapêutico, com tendência de crescimento da produção no período. Está em curso um processo de aprendizado tanto metodológico quanto político para o uso da ATS, mas há necessidade de aprofundar a análise do seu impacto sobre o SUS.
Análise de custo-efetividade do reúso de cateteres de cinecoronariografia sob a perspectiva de uma instituição pública no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Veras Bruna Medeiros Gonçalves de , Senna Kátia Marie Simões e , Correia Marcelo Goulart , Santos Marisa Silva
Published: November 2013

O objetivo foi comparar a relação de custo-efetividade entre o uso de cateteres cardíacos novos com cateteres reprocessados sob a perspectiva de uma instituição pública federal. Foi elaborado um modelo analítico de decisão elaborado para estimar a razão de custo-efetividade entre duas estratégias de utilização de materiais para cateterismo cardíaco utilizando, como desfecho clínico, a ocorrência de reação pirogênica. Os custos foram estimados por coleta direta nos setores envolvidos e valorados em Real (R$) para o ano de 2012. A árvore de decisão foi construída com as probabilidades de pirogenia descritas em estudo clínico. O custo para o reúso foi de R$ 109,84, e, para cateteres novos, de R$ 283,43. A estratégia de reúso demonstrou ser custo-efetiva, e a razão de custo-efetividade incremental indicou que, para evitar um caso de pirogenia, serão gastos R$ 13.561,75. O estudo aponta o reúso de cateteres como uma estratégia de menor custo comparada ao uso exclusivo de cateteres novos e pode contribuir para a tomada de decisão dos gestores.
Análise biomecânica ex vivo de diferentes técnicas de osteossíntese ilíaca
Authors: Müller Daniel Curvello de Mendonça , Amaral Bruna Portolan , Spier Jordana Dacanal , Basso Paula Cristina , Serafini Gabriele Maria Callegaro , Schossler João Eduardo Wallau
Published: November 2013

Fraturas de pelve, em sua maioria, são múltiplas, devido à configuração local e ao pobre suporte musculotendinoso da região. A intervenção cirúrgica deve ser considerada em animais com redução significativa do canal pélvico, fratura do acetábulo, instabilidade da articulação coxofemoral ou instabilidade uni ou bilateral. A proposta deste trabalho foi testar biomecanicamente quatro diferentes modelos de osteossíntese ilíaca. Para tal, foram utilizadas 40 hemipelves de suínos, submetidas à osteotomia do corpo do ílio e estabilizadas com hemicerclagem simples, hemicerclagem dupla, pinos de Steinmann fixados com metilmetacrilato (MMA) e parafusos ósseos corticais, fixados com MMA. A força de compressão necessária para deformação da dupla hemicerclagem (2525,2±780,6N) e pinos com MMA (2794,9±323,1N) não diferiram estatisticamente entre si e apresentaram-se mais resistentes à força de compressão. Dentre as técnicas testadas, a de dupla hemicerclagem é a mais resistente para osteossíntese do corpo do ílio avaliados em ossos de suínos.
Rastreamento do risco de perda funcional: uma estratégia fundamental para a organização da Rede de Atenção ao Idoso
Authors: Caldas Célia Pereira , Veras Renato Peixoto , Motta Luciana Branco da , Lima Kenio Costa de , Kisse Cynthia Beatriz Silveira , Trocado Cláudia Valéria Moreno , Guerra Ana Carolina Lima Cavaletti
Published: November 2013

A partir de uma análise crítica sobre experiências com a utilização de instrumentos de rastreio de perda funcional em idosos, observou-se que a principal motivação para desenvolver e aplicar esta técnica é aperfeiçoar a assistência à saúde para os frágeis ou com risco de perda funcional e internações repetidas. Os instrumentos são preferencialmente questionários com até 16 perguntas autoadministráveis. A principal intervenção executada após o rastreio foi o acompanhamento do idoso por um serviço de enfermagem especializado que, quando necessário, referenciou-o ao serviço médico. Esta abordagem resultou na redução da perda funcional, do número de admissões hospitalares, do número de óbitos, redução de gastos com saúde e ainda uma maior satisfação do usuário.
Bacterial Interactions with Necrophagous Flies
Authors: Thompson Christopher R , Brogan Rebecca S , Scheifele Lisa Z , Rivers David B
Published: November 2013

Animal remains represent ephemeral resources that provide nutrients to a wide range of organisms. On death, vertebrate carrion is immediately colonized with a variety of microorganisms (typically obligate or facultatively anaerobic bacteria from the air, from insects, or from the corpse itself), which produce odors through the breakdown of tissues, the alteration of volatile chemicals present in the environment, or both. Within minutes, certain necrophagous flies are attracted by these chemical signals, resulting in waves of oviposition and larviposition activity. Although there are certainly detrimental (pathogenic) bacteria in the milieu, there is significant evidence suggesting that the presence of bacteria in or on the corpse seems to aid in larval development and pupariation. This may be because of a change in larval nutrition, with the bacteria either being used as a food source themselves or making nutrients more available to larvae. Maggots also produce and secrete or excrete antimicrobial molecules that are effective in killing certain bacteria. It is unclear whether this is a defensive mechanism, a selective measure to enhance the survival of bacteria beneficial to the larva, or a combination of both. Significant research is still needed to fully appreciate the potential role that these bacteria—insect interactions have in conferring a competitive advantage for surviving in a carrion community.
The Population Ecology and Conservation ofPterourus esperanza(Insecta: Lepidoptera): An Ancestral Swallowtail Butterfly in the Northern Sierra of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Almaraz-Almaraz M E , León-Cortés J L , Molina-Martínez A
Published: November 2013

The relict and threatened butterfly Pterourus esperanza (Beutelspacher, 1975) (Papilionidae) is known to have an extremely restricted distribution in the cloud forests of the Northern Sierra of Oaxaca, Mexico. Little is known of the conservation implications of its distribution, abundance, mobility, and population structure. In total, 411 transects (from May 2010 to May 2012) were performed along an altitudinal gradient (117–3,104 m) to estimate range, population abundance, and between-year population variations of P. esperanza. Mark-release-recapture experiments were performed to estimate population structure during March and April of 2011 (N = 32 d) in a 25-km2 landscape. Our results indicate that P. esperanza exhibited an extremely localized spatial distribution in the study region, mostly associated with cloud forest and pine-oak forest habitats distributed between 1,600 and 2,500 masl. Fixed transects throughout breeding populations registered a mean population density of 0.05 (±0.007 SE) individuals per 100-m transect, with no indication of significant between-year population variations (Mann-Whitney test, Z = -1.653; N = 148; P = 0.098). Based on mark-recapture data, we estimated a total population size of 243 (±36 SE) male individuals, and 43 (±13 SE) female individuals corresponding to a density of 11 individuals/km2, an extremely low population density. Our results indicate that P. esperanza persists in extremely low numbers and is vulnerable to stochastic and demographic variation. Habitat protection in conjunction with explicit agreements with the local communities is required to maintain populations and ensure the continuity of important cloud forest tracts for effective long-term conservation. This research provides a case study of conservation biology of a Neotropical butterfly, emphasizing the importance of acquiring ecological data to assist management recommendations.
Review of Tuxenentulus and Fjellbergella Species (Protura: Acerentomidae, Acerentominae)
Authors: Shrubovych Julia , Bernard Ernest C
Published: November 2013

Two new species of Tuxenentulus Rusek, 1974 and FjellbergellaNosek, 1978 are described: Tuxenentulus solncevae n. sp. from the Russian Far East and Fjellbergella uteorum n. sp. from Colorado. T. solncevae n. sp. is characterized by short and broad foretarsal sensilla c and e, presence of cephalic seta d6 on head, presence of seta Pla on abdominal tergites I–VI, and sensilliform accessory setae on segments I–VI. F. uteorum n. sp. (Colorado) possesses 19 posterior setae on abdominal tergite VII, including median seta Pc, and 14 setae on tergite IX. A key to known world Tuxenentulus and Fjellbergella spp. is provided.
Aspects of the Natural History of Neochlamisus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) II: Characterization of Parasitoid Guilds from Different Plant Hosts
Authors: Forbes Andrew A , Funk Daniel J
Published: November 2013

This study represents the first characterization of parasitoid guilds associated with Neochlamisus leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a group for which minimal information on parasitoids existed previously. Specifically, we combine morphotaxonomic and DNA barcode methods to document the identities and host associations of hymenopteran parasitoids that emerge from egg, larval, and pupal stages of seven Neochlamisus species and four Neochlamisus bebbianae (Brown) “host forms.” Data derive from 7,839 specimens reared from field-collected Neochlamisus eggs, larvae, and pupae. Twenty-two species of parasitoid were identified, of which 17 had not previously been documented from Neochlamisus. These represented seven families: Eulophidae (six species), Ichneumonidae (six sp.), Pteromalidae (four sp.), Eupelmidae (three sp.), Chalcididae (one sp.), Eurytomidae (onesp.),and Torymidae (onesp.). Twenty of 22 species were reared from N. bebbianae, the host for which sampling was most intensive. Considerable overlap was observed in the parasitoid guilds associated with different Neochlamisus taxa, but differences in guild composition were also observed. N. bebbianae is of interest to evolutionary biologists because populations associated with different tree taxa (different “host forms”) exhibit host-plant-specific ecological differentiation and appear to be undergoing ecological speciation. This work will allow for future explorations into whether parasitoids identified here likewise exhibit host-beetle-associated differentiation, such that ecological speciation “cascades” across trophic levels.
An Evaluation of the Species Status ofBactrocera invadensand the Systematics of theBactrocera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae) Complex
Authors: Jose Michael San , Leblanc Luc , Geib Scott M , Rubinoff Daniel
Published: November 2013

The genus Bactrocera (Tephritidae) contains >500 species, including many severe pests of fruits and vegetables. Although native to tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and Australasia, a number of the pest species, largely members of the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex, have become widespread through accidental introduction associated with agricultural trade. The B. dorsalis complex includes several morphologically and ecologically similar pests, making species designations uncertain. One of these, Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta, and White, endemic to Sri Lanka, has spread across Africa in the last decade and become a major agricultural pest. We sequenced one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes from 73 specimens, belonging to 19 species to construct phylogenies and examine species relationships and limits within the genus Bactrocera and several species of the B. dorsalis complex-specifically addressing the placement of B. invadens. Results indicate the B. dorsalis complex is polyphyletic. B. invadens and several other species within the B. dorsalis complex (B. dorsalis, Bactrocera papayae Drew &Hancock, and Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock) are also paraphyletic with respect to each other and probably represent a single genetically indistinguishable, phenotypically plastic, pest species that has spread throughout the world.