bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain coping tools for children and young adults with a neurodevelopmental disability: A systematic review of measurement properties
Authors: Smith Nadine L. , Smith Meredith G. , Gibson Noula , Imms Christine , Thornton Ashleigh l. , Harvey Adrienne R.
Published: September 2022

Aim

To systematically identify and evaluate the measurement properties of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) and observer‐reported outcome measures (parent proxy report) of pain coping tools that have been used with children and young adults (aged 0–24 years) with a neurodevelopmental disability.

Method

A two‐stage search using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycInfo was conducted. Search 1 in August 2021 identified pain coping tools used in neurodevelopmental disability and search 2 in September 2021 located additional studies evaluating the measurement properties of these tools. Methodological quality was assessed using the COnsensus‐based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines (PROSPERO protocol registration no. CRD42021273031).

Results

Sixteen studies identified seven pain coping tools, all PROMs and observer‐reported outcome measures (parent proxy report) versions. The measurement properties of the seven tools were appraised in 44 studies. No tool had high‐quality evidence for any measurement property or evidence for all nine measurement properties as outlined by COSMIN. Only one tool had content validity for individuals with neurodevelopmental disability: the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life tool.

Interpretation

Pain coping assessment tools with self‐report and parent proxy versions are available; however, measurement invariance has not been tested in young adults with a neurodevelopmental disability. This is an area for future research.
The political economy of state economic development incentives: A case of rent extraction
Authors: Sobel Russell S. , Wagner Gary A. , Calcagno Peter T.
Published: September 2022

There is a large literature examining the macroeconomic effects of state economic development incentives on employment, income, tax revenue, and growth. At best, these incentives are found to be weakly effective at job creation, but inefficient due to the distortions, secondary effects, and increased rent‐seeking they encourage, with little public accountability. Given the evidence on their inefficiency, what explains their continued popularity? We find that large development incentives create substantial benefits for incumbent politicians in the form of both higher campaign contributions (particularly from business, labor, and construction sectors) and higher margins of victory at election time. Thus, political rent extraction may be the best explanation for the continued existence and popularity of these relatively ineffective incentive programs in states.
TIPE1 promotes liver regeneration by enhancing ROS‐FoxO1 axis mediated autophagy
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Li Shuangjie , Ren Xiaolei , Xiang Peng , Zhang Yankun , Wang Tixiao , Qin Qinghua , Sun Fengkai , Liu Jingkang , Gao Lifen , Ma Chunhong , Yue Xuetian , Yang Xiaoyun , Han Shuang , Liang Xiaohong
Published: September 2022

The strong regenerative ability of the liver safeguards the crucial hepatic functions. The balance between hepatocyte proliferation and death is critical for restoring liver size and physiology. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha‐induced protein 8‐like 1 (TIPE1) is highly expressed in liver and has been identified as a candidate regulator for cell proliferation and death, being involved in a variety of biological processes and diseases. However, the role of TIPE1 in liver regeneration remains unexplored. In the present study, we found that TIPE1 expression was elevated in the regenerating liver induced by either partial hepatectomy or 10% carbon tetrachloride administration. Mice with hepatocyte conditional Tipe1 knockout presented significantly impaired liver regeneration. Mechanistically, hepatic Tipe1 deficiency decreased the level of reactive oxygen species in hepatocytes, which in turn led to the inhibition of Forkhead box O1 acetylation and microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 I to microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 II conversion, and the accumulation of sequestosome 1. By contrast, forced expression of TIPE1 in hepatocyte significantly promoted liver regeneration following 70% partial hepatectomy and enhanced hepatocyte reactive oxygen species/acetylated‐Forkhead box O1 level and autophagy. These findings indicate that TIPE1 plays a crucial role in liver regeneration by finely regulating the oxidative stress and autophagy and is a potential target for medical intervention of liver regeneration.
Headache persisting after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A narrative review of pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Sorrentino Zachary A. , Laurent Dimitri , Hernandez Jairo , Davidson Caroline , Small Coulter , Dodd William , Lucke‐Wold Brandon
Published: September 2022

Objective

This narrative review of the literature concerns persistent headache attributed to past non‐traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), based off demographic and clinical features, what are pathophysiologic mechanisms by which these headaches occur, which medical and interventional treatments have the most evidence for pain alleviation, and what pre‐clinical evidence is there for emerging treatments for these patients.

Background

Following initial stabilization and treatment of spontaneous SAH, most commonly due to aneurysmal rupture, headache in the immediate inpatient setting and persisting after discharge are an important cause of morbidity. These headaches often receive heterogenous treatment of uncertain efficacy, and the risk factors and pathophysiology of their development has received little study.

Methods

A narrative review of current literature discussing post‐SAH headache was conducted using a literature search in PubMed with search term combinations including “post subarachnoid hemorrhage pain”, “subarachnoid hemorrhage headache”, and “post subarachnoid hemorrhage headache”. Clinical studies mentioning headache after SAH and/or treatment in the abstract/title were included through March, 2022.

Results and Conclusion

Post‐SAH headaches are shown to decrease quality of life, have a multi‐modal pathophysiology in their occurrence, and only a select few medications (reviewed herein) have been demonstrated to have efficacy in alleviation of these headaches, while also harboring possible risks including vasospasm and re‐bleeding. An effective treatment paradigm of these headaches will include trials of evidence‐based therapeutics, rapid reduction of opioid medications if not effective, and consideration of multi‐modal pain control strategies including nerve blocks.
Antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori in North Israel – A six‐year study
Authors: Azrad Maya , Vazana Dafna , On Avi , Paritski Maya , Rohana Hanan , Roshrosh Halim , Agay‐Shay Keren , Peretz Avi
Published: September 2022

Background

One main challenge in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is its increasing antibiotic resistance. Additionally, resistance rates vary between geographic areas and periods. However, data are limited since susceptibility testing is not routinely performed. Thus, it is valuable to gather data regarding H. pylori's resistance rates in Israel that would aid in better adjustment of treatment.

Materials and Methods

The study included 540 H. pylori isolates, recovered from gastric biopsy samples of patients who had undergone endoscopy, during 2015–2020, at the Padeh Poriya Medical Center. Antibiotic susceptibility testing to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, rifampicin, and tetracycline was performed using the Etest technique. Data regarding participants' sex, age, and ethnic group were collected. For every antibiotic and for multi‐resistance, generalized linear models were used to estimate crude and adjusted estimated differences in mean MIC and odds ratios (ORs) for every year, compared with the reference year 2015.

Results

The highest resistance rates were for clarithromycin and metronidazole (46.3% and 16.3%, respectively). Patients above 18 had higher resistance rate to rifampicin and multi‐resistance (3.3% and 14.8%), compared with patients under 18 (0.5% and 8.4%, respectively). Resistance rates for levofloxacin, rifampicin, and multi‐resistance were significantly higher among Arab patients, compared with Jewish patients. During the 6‐year surveillance, a significant annual trend in MIC for metronidazole and in ORs for metronidazole, levofloxacin, and multi‐resistance were observed (after adjustment). During 2020 compared with 2015, significant increased ORs were observed for levofloxacin and metronidazole [5.72 (1.03–31.84); 4.28 (1.30–14.14), respectively].

Conclusions

In light of the remarkable changes in antibiotic resistance of H. pylori during the study's period and the increasing resistance rates to various antibiotics, it is very important to continuously monitor H. pylori antibiotic susceptibly. In order to increase eradication rates of this bacterium, therapy regimes must be based on an updated antibiotic resistance data.
Avoiding glass spot defect arising from roller hydrogen embrittlement via regulating protective atmosphere distribution
Authors: Tong Lianjie , Wang Changjun , Zhang Qingshan , Li Wenfeng , Xu Shiqing , Liu Shimin
Published: September 2022

A kind of float glass spot defect, characterized by small size, metallic luster, and difficult to clean, adheres only to the lower surface (contacts with molten tin) of the float glass ribbon. This defect causes serious production loss. Therefore, determining the precise source of this spot defect and the effective prevention of its occurrence is vital in the scientific interest and technological significance. Herein, we report a new idea for preventing glass spot defect resulting from roller hydrogen embrittlement (HE) via regulating protective atmosphere distribution. We also reveal its formation mechanism. The generation mechanism of this spot defect shows that the protective atmosphere in the tin bath diffuses into the annealing lehr. However, the annealing lehr does not effectively discharge it (particularly H2). Thus, roller HE occurs. Opening the vent decreases the H2 concentration around the roller. In addition, the vent is moved by ∼1 m in the original position toward the exit of the annealing lehr, which is most conducive to H2 discharge. This optimization measure reduces or eliminates the spot defect caused by the HE of the roller. Moreover, it has great application potential in the design of float glass annealing lehr.
Incorporating corporate social responsibility into graduate employability
Authors: Bisschoff Zelda S. , Massyn Liezel
Published: September 2022

To remain sustainably viable in today's business environment, employers require appropriate skills to support their commitment to social responsibility. When recruiting skills, employers recognize that graduate attributes are essential indicators of the capability to render constructive workplace outcomes. Graduates need to develop these attributes to demonstrate their employability potential to prospective employers. However, existing employability capital frameworks do not include the graduate attributes needed to measure capability in corporate social responsibility (CSR) skills. The objective of this study was to determine which graduate attributes would support employability capability in CSR skills. Following a theoretical investigation, a mixed‐method exploratory study was undertaken in South Africa's state‐owned electricity provider to determine the employability attributes required by the organization in CSR management. The first phase involved a data collection survey, 302 managers and supervisors in South Africa's primary electricity provider rated a proposed 44 personal attributes linked to nine theoretical determined CSR skills and their importance in CSR management. In the second phase, the survey results were validated through a separate Delphi technique with three Human Resource Development experts. Confirmatory factor analysis found significant relationships between the tested attributes and the nine CSR skills. The findings could assist graduates in understanding the attributes they need to develop to be deemed employable for CSR performance. Furthermore, higher education institutions can include the results in curriculums to contribute to the development of CSR skills. Finally, the attributes and skills could be used to conceptualize a focused CSR employability capital, which employers can use to test employability potential.
New descriptions of four larval lanternfish species and cryptic diversity ofBenthosema pterotum(Pisces: Myctophidae) from the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Lee Hye‐Lyang , Yu Hyo‐Jae , Kim Jin‐Koo
Published: September 2022

Although there have been many studies on the taxonomy of lanternfishes, morphological similarities during larval and juvenile stages make it difficult to identify species and understand their early life histories. During an ichthyoplankton survey in the Northwest Pacific (East Sea, East China Sea) between 2017 and 2020, a research vessel from the National Institute of Fisheries Science collected larvae and juveniles that belonged to the family Myctophidae using a bongo net. To accurately identify species, mtDNA sequences encoding cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA were obtained and compared with those of adult voucher specimens. These comparisons led to the identification of four previously unknown larval lanternfish species (Diaphus chrysorhynchus,Diaphus suborbitalis,Diaphus wataseiandLampanyctus fernae), which are described here for the first time. The authors also describe the cryptic diversity ofBenthosema pterotumand provide identification keys for 10 species of larval lanternfish, in accordance with their developmental stages.
Cerclage in surgically shortened uterine cervix and pregnancy outcome: A retrospective comparison between the abdominal and vaginal procedures
Authors: Akeno Keiko , Ohashi Masanao , Furukawa Seishi , Sameshima Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

Background

Cerclage for uterine cervical incompetence can be performed by the transabdominal or transvaginal approach. Transabdominal cerclage (TAC) is indicated for women with a short cervix or a cervical laceration who are inapplicable to transvaginal cerclage (TVC). The larger the volume of tissue removed in cervical conization, the greater the rate of miscarriage or preterm delivery in the subsequent pregnancy.

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare TAC and TVC in post‐cervical conization pregnancies.

Methods

A retrospective, two‐group, comparative study was conducted involving subjects who underwent cervical cerclage (TAC, n = 14; TVC, n = 18) following cervical conization and who were cared for at the University of Miyazaki Hospital between 2008 and 2020. We compared study subject characteristics and outcomes between the two groups. Primary outcome was incidence of preterm labor <37 weeks of gestation between the two groups.

Results

The preoperative median cervical length was significantly shorter in the TAC group (20.0 mm) than in the TVC group (31.0 mm; p < 0.01). Preoperative vaginal discharge cultures positive for Gardnerella showed a tendency to be greater in the TAC group (p = 0.073). There was no significant difference in the preterm delivery rate < 37 weeks of gestation between TAC (1/14, 7.1%) and TVC (6/18, 33.3%) groups, p = 0.10. Noninferiority test using multiple regression analysis showed that TAC is not inferior to TVC regarding gestational age at delivery, even though cervical length of TAC was significantly shorter.

Conclusion

Women who were inapplicable to TVC due to a short cervix still achieved an equivalent outcome with TAC.
Tensile bond strength of soft and hard relining materials to conventional and additively manufactured denture‐base materials
Authors: Koseoglu Merve , Tugut Faik , Akin Hakan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Studies comparing tensile bond strength of various soft and hard denture liner materials to conventionally and additively manufactured denture base resins are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tensile bond strength between chair‐ and laboratory‐side soft and hard relining materials and denture‐base materials produced by additive manufacturing and conventional methods.

Materials and methods

A total of 120 dimethacrylate‐based additively manufactured and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)‐based conventionally fabricated dumbbell‐shaped denture‐base resins were produced. Heat‐cured laboratory‐side soft reline material, self‐cured chair‐side soft reline material, and self‐cured chair‐side hard reline material were attached to the denture bases. The tensile force was applied to the specimens with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The obtained data were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. The significance level was set at α = 0.05.

Results

The highest tensile bond strength values were obtained in the specimens from the conventionally manufactured base and self‐cured chair‐side hard reline material group, and the lowest was seen in the additively fabricated base and self‐cured chair‐side soft reline material group (p < 0.001). Conventionally manufactured base material's tensile bond strength was higher than that of additively fabricated resin, and self‐cured chair‐side hard reline material's strength was higher than that of laboratory‐side and chair‐side soft reline materials (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference emerged between laboratory‐side and chair‐side soft reline materials (p = 0.405).

Conclusions

All the specimens used in the present study had tensile bonding stress values for clinical use. Both denture base resins provided an increased bond to the chair‐side hard relining material, although an improved bond did not emerge for the chair‐side and laboratory‐side soft denture reline materials.
Rationed price controls and “prices versus quantities”
Authors: Bennett John
Published: September 2022

We interpret Weitzman's prices‐versus‐quantities model as applying to a private‐good market, and we formulate a “rationed price control,” with quantity determined endogenously as the minimum of supply and demand. With efficient rationing and no externalities, the optimal rationed price control exceeds the price at the expected demand–supply intersection if (the numerical value of) the demand slope curve exceeds the supply slope, and is less than this level for the reverse ordering of slopes. If uncertain demand is steeper than deterministic supply, or if uncertain supply is steeper than deterministic demand, expected welfare is greater with the optimal rationed price control than with the optimal quantity control. We obtain, for any specified price level, a partial ranking of the rationed price control and alternative simple price controls. Extending the model to incorporate externalities, we show that, for demand steeper than supply, with a negative externality on either benefit or cost, the optimal rationed price control exceeds the price at the expected intersection of marginal social benefit and marginal social cost; a converse result also obtains. For an example with inefficient rationing, we show that the optimal pure price control always exceeds the price at the expected intersection of demand and supply.
Development of a new bio‐microscope for 3D geometry characterization of fruit single cells
Authors: Zhang Meishuan , Wang Yiheng , Wang Junyi , Li Zhiguo , Tchuenbou‐Magaia Fideline
Published: September 2022

Fruit cells are living irregular three‐dimensional (3D) transparent objects which makes them challenging to determine their real 3D size and shape through only two‐dimensional (2D) images using the existing biological microscope. This study deals with a newly self‐developed biological microscope including a microscope imaging system, a light source system, a stage and a support base for the 3D size characterization of fruit single cells. The main design concept is based on two optical path systems set up at the front (x‐axis) and bottom (z‐axis) directions of a transparent chamber containing single cells that allow the front view and bottom view of the single cell to be observed. Performance indicators such as mass, size, observation range, objective magnification, total magnification, focal range, focal accuracy, and resolution of the developed biological microscope were estimated. Finally, the 3D geometry size of single tomato cells was measured by the new biological microscope to demonstrate the relative ease at which accurate real 3D geometry information of single fruit cells could be obtained, which echoes its scientific value.
Primary cutaneous melanoma in Black patients: An analysis of 2464 cases from the National Cancer Database 2004–2018
Authors: Fernandez Jennifer M. , Poling Kristi L. , Desai Amar D. , Koblinski Jenna E. , Borgstrom Mark , Abraham Ivo , Behbahani Sara
Published: September 2022

Melanoma in Black patients carries a poor prognosis. Due to its rarity, melanoma in this population has not been well characterized. This study evaluates survival predictors in Black patients with melanoma. This was a retrospective cohort study of Black patients with cutaneous melanoma from the National Cancer Database 2004–2018. Of the 2464 cases, melanoma was more common among females than males (57.1% vs. 42.9%, p < .001). Median Breslow depth was 1.8 mm (interquartile range 0.4–4.4). Lower extremities were the most common location (52.8%), followed by upper extremities (13.1%) along with otherwise specified/overlapping/other (13.1%), then by trunk (11.8%), and lastly head and neck (9.2%). Stage at diagnosis was I (30.7%), II (27.5%), III (24.1%), and IV (17.7%). Ulceration was observed in 41.4% of lesions. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) was the most common specific histologic subtype (20.3%), followed by superficial spreading melanoma (9.4%). After adjusting for confounders, higher stages and primary site on the head and neck were the strongest independent predictors of worse overall survival. Melanoma in Black patients is most likely to appear on the lower extremities. A large portion (41.8%) presented with stage III or IV disease. ALM was the most common specific histologic subtype.
Epigenetic and pharmacological control of pigmentation via Bromodomain Protein 9 (BRD9)
Authors: Basuroy Tupa , Dreier Megan , Baum Caitlin , Blomquist Thomas , Trumbly Robert , Filipp Fabian V. , de la Serna Ivana L.
Published: September 2022

Lineage‐specific differentiation programs are activated by epigenetic changes in chromatin structure. Melanin‐producing melanocytes maintain a gene expression program ensuring appropriate enzymatic conversion of metabolites into the pigment, melanin, and transfer to surrounding cells. During neuroectodermal development, SMARCA4 (BRG1), the catalytic subunit of SWItch/Sucrose Non‐Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, is essential for lineage specification. SMARCA4 is also required for development of multipotent neural crest precursors into melanoblasts, which differentiate into pigment‐producing melanocytes. In addition to the catalytic domain, SMARCA4 and several SWI/SNF subunits contain bromodomains which are amenable to pharmacological inhibition. We investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibitors of SWI/SNF bromodomains on melanocyte differentiation. Strikingly, treatment of murine melanoblasts and human neonatal epidermal melanocytes with selected bromodomain inhibitors abrogated melanin synthesis and visible pigmentation. Using functional genomics, iBRD9, a small molecule selective for the bromodomain of BRD9 was found to repress pigmentation‐specific gene expression. Depletion of BRD9 confirmed a requirement for expression of pigmentation genes in the differentiation program from melanoblasts into pigmented melanocytes and in melanoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that iBRD9 disrupts the occupancy of BRD9 and the catalytic subunit SMARCA4 at melanocyte‐specific loci. These data indicate that BRD9 promotes melanocyte pigmentation whereas pharmacological inhibition of BRD9 is repressive.
A prospective observational study to sequentially determine the dermoscopic features of vitiligo and its association with disease activity in patients on medical treatment
Authors: Gupta Priyansh , Vinay Keshavamurthy , Bishnoi Anuradha , Kumaran Muthu Sendhil , Parsad Davinder
Published: September 2022

Prospective data on correlation between dermoscopic features of vitiligo and disease activity are scarce. This study was conducted to sequentially determine the dermoscopic features of vitiligo and to evaluate their association with disease activity. A cohort of 30 patients with 60 active vitiligo patches on medical therapy was subjected to sequential clinical and dermoscopic examination at four weekly intervals till 16 weeks. Disease activity at each visit was assessed using serial clinical photographs and modified vitiligo activity severity index. The dermoscopic images were merged and analysed for a predefined set of dermoscopic parameters by two blinded dermatologists. Paired analysis of dermoscopic features was done between baseline, and stabilized vitiligo patches at 12 and 16 weeks. Pigment network changes (absent and reduced pigment network,p < .001), perifollicular depigmentation (p = .02), ill‐defined margins (p = .04) and satellite lesions and micro‐Koebner phenomenon (p < .001) were associated with active vitiligo while perifollicular repigmentation (p < .001) was associated with stabilizing and repigmenting vitiligo. Satellite lesions and micro‐Koebner's phenomena were suggestive of unstable disease irrespective of site of target lesion, while perifollicular repigmentation was suggestive of stabilized/repigmenting disease only at non‐acral sites. We found sequential dermoscopy to be useful to assess disease activity and potential for repigmentation in localized vitiligo.
Leveraging Network Structure to Improve Pooled Testing Efficiency
Authors: Sewell Daniel K.
Published: September 2022

Screening is a powerful tool for infection control, allowing for infectious individuals, whether they be symptomatic or asymptomatic, to be identified and isolated. The resource burden of regular and comprehensive screening can often be prohibitive, however. One such measure to address this is pooled testing, whereby groups of individuals are each given a composite test; should a group receive a positive diagnostic test result, those comprising the group are then tested individually. Infectious disease is spread through a transmission network, and this paper shows how assigning individuals to pools based on this underlying network can improve the efficiency of the pooled testing strategy, thereby reducing the resource burden. We designed a simulated annealing algorithm to improve the pooled testing efficiency as measured by the ratio of the expected number of correct classifications to the expected number of tests performed. We then evaluated our approach using an agent-based model designed to simulate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a school setting. Our results suggest that our approach can decrease the number of tests required to regularly screen the student body, and that these reductions are quite robust to assigning pools based on partially observed or noisy versions of the network.
Patients’ and health care providers’ perspectives of sexual and reproductive health services for people with disability: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Vujcich Daniel , Wilshin Caitlin , Lock Eliza , Reeves Karina , Lobo Roanna
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to summarize the nature and focus of research that has been conducted into patients’ and health care providers’ perspectives of sexual and reproductive health access for people with disability.

Introduction:

Article 25 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) requires people with disability to be provided with equitable access to sexual and reproductive health services. However, there are few scoping or systematic reviews examining the provision of inclusive sexual and reproductive health services to people with disability. Current and planned reviews are either not inclusive of a full range of disabilities or geographical regions, are limited to reproductive health, or focus exclusively on the perspectives of health professionals.

Inclusion criteria:

Qualitative, quantitative, mixed method studies, and gray literature concerning sexual and reproductive health service access for people with disability will be included. The UNCRPD definition of disability will be adopted, together with a multidimensional conceptualization of “access.”

Methods:

The review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology. A search strategy has been developed for MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and gray literature. After de-duplication, results will be independently screened against the inclusion criteria by 2 reviewers. There will be no geographical limitations, but non-English-language publications will be excluded. Only literature published after the UNCRPD came into effect (May 3, 2008) will be included. Charting tools will be used for data extraction, and results will be presented in descriptive, diagrammatic, and tabular formats.
Identifying candidate quality indicators of tools that support the practice of knowledge translation: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bhuiya Aunima R. , Makarski Julie , Hayden Leigh , Perrier Laure , Munce Sarah , Lewis Iveta , Graham Ian D. , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Straus Sharon E. , Stelfox Henry T. , Strifler Lisa , Lokker Cynthia , Li Linda C. , Leung Fok-Han , Dobbins Maureen , Ritchie Lisa M. Puchalski , Squires Janet , Rac Valeria , Fahim Christine , Kastner Monika
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and characterize relevant knowledge translation methods tools (those that provide guidance for optimized knowledge translation practice) to uncover candidate quality indicators to inform a future quality assessment tool for knowledge translation strategies.

Introduction:

Knowledge translation strategies (defined as including knowledge translation interventions, tools, and products) target various knowledge users, including patients, clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers. The development and use of strategies that support knowledge translation practice have been rapidly increasing, making it difficult for knowledge users to decide which to use. There is limited evidence-based guidance or measures to help assess the overall quality of knowledge translation strategies.

Inclusion criteria:

Empirical and non-empirical documents will be considered if they explicitly describe a knowledge translation methods tool and its development, evaluation or validation, methodological strengths or limitations, and/or use over time. The review will consider a knowledge translation methods tool if it falls within at least one knowledge translation domain (ie, implementation, dissemination, sustainability, scalability, integrated knowledge translation) in the health field.

Methods:

We will conduct a systematic search of relevant electronic databases and gray literature. The search strategy will be developed iteratively by an experienced medical information specialist and peer-reviewed with the PRESS checklist. The search will be limited to English-only documents published from 2005 onward. Documents will be independently screened, selected, and extracted by 2 researchers. Data will be analyzed and summarized descriptively, including the characteristics of the included documents, knowledge translation methods tools, and candidate quality indicators.

Scoping review registration:

Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/chxvq)
Purification and characterization of α-amylase and protease of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Abaildayev A. , Kuzovlev V. , Sharipov K. , Khakimzhanov A.
Published: September 2022

One of the modern approaches in increasing the resistance of cereal crops to fungal diseases is the study of digestive enzymes of pathogens and their protein inhibitors in grain. Recently, proteases and amylases have been considered as some of the important pathogenicity factors of fungi. To obtain these enzymes, the phytopathogenic fungus F. graminearum was grown by solid state fermentation (SSF) using wheat bran. The maximum accumulation of enzymes at the addition of 2,0×106 conidia/ml occurred on day 8th of cultivation of the fungus. Extracellular protease and α-amylase with molecular weight 25 and 29 kDa, respectively, were purified by affinity chromatography.. Using specific inhibitors, the purified protease was found to belong to the serine trypsin-like enzyme. According to isoelectric focusing data, α-amylase consisted of 4 isoenzymes with strongly acidic pI of 3.0-3.5. The pH, temperature optimum, and thermostability of the enzymes were determined. The data obtained for α-amylase and trypsin of F. graminearum are presented for the first time. The results of the study can be used in the search for specific inhibitors of amylases and proteases in grain as protective proteins for their application in estimation of wheat varieties resistance to fungal attack.
Gastrointestinal helminthiases of dogs with molecular genetic identification of echinococcosis
Authors: Abdybekova A. , Yalysheva S. , Zhaksylykova A. , Uakhit R. , Kiyan V.
Published: September 2022

Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic disease caused by a larval stage of the tapeworm from genus Echinococcus. Dogs act as definitive hosts and infect humans and farm animals. The article presents the results of a study of feces of 1020 dogs from Zhambyl, Kyzylorda, Turkestan, Almaty, Zhetysu, Karaganda, Aktobe, Pavlodar and Akmola regions for Echinococcus granulosus, collected in 2021-2022. Eggs of Taeniia spp., Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Ancylostoma caninum were found using copro-ovoscopy methods. Helminth samples were differentiated by amplification and sequencing using the Ef1a translation elongation factor marker gene. Based on the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 22 egg samples, two samples were identified as E. granulosus. Based on the G protein primer, the G1 genotype was established. These samples were deposited in the NCBI GenBank database (accession numbers ON630760 and ON630761). For the first time, molecular genetic characterization of the echinococcosis causative agent in the final hosts was carried out in Kazakhstan.
Artefacto cultural digital Mi fink
Authors: Tobón Giraldo Isabel Cristina , Torres Parra Carlos Roberto , Nieto Vallejo Andrés Eduardo
Published: September 2022

El artículo socializa los resultados de un proyecto de investigación-creación sobre la capacidad de los artefactos digitales como movilizadores de conciencias, para el reconocimiento y reivindicación de las luchas de poblaciones históricamente subalternizadas e invisibilizadas. Se trata de un ejercicio de diseño colectivo de la mano de comunidades que luchan por la activación de sus memorias de cuidado y defensa de su territorio en el municipio de Villa Rica (Cauca) a través de creaciones artísticas en el lenguaje de los niños. El producto es una aplicación móvil concebida como artefacto cultural e instrumento de acción política que aporta a las acciones colectivas por la defensa del territorio y del ambiente a nivel transcontinental y planetario.
An Experimental Investigation of Supercritical Methane Injection Characteristics in a CO2 Environment
Authors: Ghorpade Ritesh , Kim Gihun , Manikantachari (Raghu) K. R. V. , Weiner Joshua , Banuti Daniel T. , Vasu Subith
Published: September 2022

Clean energy generation is gaining significant attention from industries, academia, and governments across the globe. The Allam cycle is one such technology that has been under focus due to its efficiency, environmental friendliness, and economics. This is a direct-fired cycle operating at supercritical conditions using carbon dioxide as a working fluid. Fuel or oxidizer jet mixing with CO2 is a vital phenomenon that governs combustion efficiency, and it is not well understood for the Allam cycle conditions. This paper experimentally investigated the jet characteristics of a methane jet injected into a subcritical to supercritical carbon dioxide environment. A wide range of injection pressures and temperatures were targeted between subcritical to supercritical conditions. Unlike previous studies, the current work focused on injecting lower-density (methane) jets into higher-density (carbon dioxide) environments. Schlieren imaging and methane absorption measurements were simultaneously performed with a CMOS high-speed camera and a 3.39 μm infrared laser. Specifically, we looked at the classical injection parameter of jet spreading angle, which was classically established to be mainly a density ratio function. Here, the jet cone angle was obtained from the postprocessed schlieren imaging. The jet cone angle is a critical characteristic parameter that describes the entrainment rate in a jet; thus, it is a crucial parameter in understanding the nature of the jet. The laser measurements were only used as an additional check to confirm the entry time of methane into the chamber filled with carbon dioxide. Notably, this paper makes a detailed comparison between the jet cone angles of jets with a density ratio. The result showed that the classical correlations, such as Abramovich's theory applied to submerged turbulent gas jets developed for low-density ratio jets, were unsuitable for higher-density ratio jets. It was also observed that the divergence angles were dependent not only on density ratio but also on other parameters such as pressure ratios and reduced pressures.
Measured Leakage and Rotordynamic Force Coefficients for Two Liquid Annular Seal Configurations: Smooth-Rotor/Grooved-Stator Versus Grooved-Rotor/Smooth-Stator
Authors: W. Childs Dara , Yang Jing , San Andrés Luis , M. Torres Rueda Jose , Alex Moreland James
Published: September 2022

This paper reports and compares the experimental results of leakage and dynamic force coefficients for two liquid annular pressure seals, one having a smooth-rotor/circumferentially grooved stator (SR/GS), the other one with a circumferentially grooved rotor/smooth-stator (GR/SS). Differing only in the grooves’ location, the GR/SS seal’s geometry and operating conditions are representative of those in electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) used for oil recovery. Supplied with an ISO VG2 oil at 46 °C, both seals have the same diameter D = 102 mm, length-to-diameter ratio L/D = 0.5, and nominal land clearance Cr = 0.203 mm. The seals have 15 circumferential grooves with grooves and land lengths equal to 1.52 mm. Test variable ranges include (a) shaft speeds (ω) ranging from 2 to 8 krpm (shaft surface speed ∼ 43 m/s), and (b) pressure differences (ΔP) from 2 to 8 bar. Upstream of the test seals, three separate prerotation rings generate a range of inlet circumferential velocities (entrance swirl). Under all conditions, the GR/SS seal leaks about 10% less than the SR/GS seal. For both seals, the direct stiffnesses (KXX, KYY) have low magnitudes that drop with increasing ω; in some cases, they turn negative at 6 krpm. The GR/SS seal produces cross-coupled stiffnesses (KXY, KYX) that are ∼1.5 times larger than those for the SR/GS seal. Under the same conditions, the SR/GS seal is more stabilizing as its direct damping, and added mass coefficients are ∼ 20% larger than those for the GR/SS seal. Instability issues are likely to arise with either seal geometry because negative KXX and KYY drop a pump critical speed, aggravating the well-known destabilizing coefficients KXY and KYX. The whirl frequency ratio (WFR) combines the effects of the cross-coupled stiffness, direct damping and cross-coupled mass terms, thus providing a good basis for comparing two seals’ stability characteristics. Overall, the WFR magnitudes for the GR/SS seal are about three times higher than those for the SR/GS seal. Note that, irrespective of the inlet swirl condition, the GR/SS approaches a WFR ∼ 0.50 for operating shaft speeds greater than 4 krpm. At the lowest shaft speed (2 krpm), the WFR ≪ 0.5 for the low inlet preswirl ring, whereas WFR > 0.8 for the medium and high preswirl rings. For the SR/GS seal, the WFR ∼ 0.2 at the highest shaft speed of 6 krpm, and not affected by the inlet preswirl condition. On the other hand, at the lowest shaft speed, the WFR ranges from 0.5 to 0.75 for the SR/GS seal with medium and high preswirl rings. At this speed, the WFR = 0 with the low inlet preswirl ring. Hence, to enhance the operational stability, an effective swirl brake that could drop the inlet preswirl ratio upstream of a seal is helpful for the GR/SS seal out to 4 krpm and for the SR/GS seal out to 6 krpm.
Designing an Effective Plate Fin Heat Exchanger and Prediction of Thermal Performance Operated Under Different Water Blends Using Machine Learning
Authors: Barmavatu Praveen , Das Mihir Kumar , Subash R. , Sravanthi Banoth , Aepuru Radhamanohar , Venkat Reddy R. , Kumar Yalagandala Akshay
Published: September 2022

The main aim of the article is intended to design an effective Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger (PFHX) with composite materials such as SS316 + copper and SS304 + Flyash in a counterflow type. These are brazed together with the method of salt bath brazing and vacuum brazing. The study presents the analytical formulation of heat transfer and fluid flow in PFHX design to predict the enhancement of heat transfer and overall heat transfer coefficient, finite difference method is suggested for analyzing the hot and cold fluids. Moreover, Quantum particle swarm optimization with the radial basis function is proposed for accurate prediction of heat transfer enhancement. The findings of the research demonstrate that the design structure of PFHX with the composite materials is analyzed using a microscopic approach and eroded test. The proposed study is performed using various types of coolants namely MFC, ECSTAR, and TFC anti-freeze coolants with water, and the thermophysical properties of the coolants are also analyzed. The findings demonstrate that the variation between the experimental and theoretical results is less than 3.26%, this indicates that the proposed method is effective for heat exchanger design and the optimization algorithm is more feasible than the analytical results. Hence, the outcome of this study offers a better prediction analysis of heat transfer enhancement using PFHX.
Not Good Enough? Exploring Relationships Between Novice Designers’ Trait Empathy, Their Beliefs, Attitudes, and Intentions Toward Sustainability, and the Self-Evaluated Sustainability of Their Solutions
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Alsager Alzayed Mohammad , Starkey Elizabeth M.
Published: September 2022

Designers’ empathy plays an important role in supporting socially conscious design. Although widely studied in engineering design, a majority of the research on empathy focuses on designers’ ability to empathize with primary users; little attention is given to empathizing with those affected in a secondary or tertiary capacity—an important consideration when evaluating the broader impacts of design decisions in the context of environmental sustainability. Moreover, little research has investigated the influence of designers’ internal traits (e.g., beliefs, attitudes, and intentions) on their emphasis on environmental sustainability. Such an investigation could reveal the role of developing internal and interpersonal traits in sustainable design education. In this paper, we explore this gap by introducing student designers to a hands-on sustainable design workshop. We compared changes in their trait empathy and their beliefs, attitudes, and intentions toward sustainability from before to after the workshop. We also compared the relationship between these individual differences and participants’ self-evaluated sustainability of their solutions. We see that participants reported an increase in their beliefs and intentions toward sustainability and a decrease in personal distress from before to after the workshop. Furthermore, participants who received the sustainable design lecture reported that their solutions were more sustainable in terms of disposal, salvaging, and recycling. Finally, trait empathy significantly predicted the self-evaluated sustainability of solutions on the following dimensions of sustainable design: disposal, recycling, and finding wholesome alternatives. These findings call for future work into the influence of designers’ individual differences on their approach to sustainable design.
Self-Assembly and Growth of Intercellular Junctions in Response to Membrane Tension and Cytoskeletal Contraction
Authors: Sarvestani Alireza , Moorthy Arsha
Published: September 2022

Mechanical forces are crucial to the regulation of different aspects of cellular phenotype. These forces are transmitted between cells primarily through the bonds of intercellular junctions. A striking feature of cell adhesion junctions is their ability to sense and respond to force. It is known that the size of the junctions correlates with the magnitude of transmitted traction. In this study, we present a physical model for the interaction between two flexible membranes conjugated by a number of mobile bonds. The membranes have finite bending rigidity and are subjected to membrane tension and intracellular contraction. Implementing the first and second laws of thermodynamics, we derived the fundamental equations that control the self-assembly or growth kinetics of the junction. We predict that the junction may grow or shrink in size depending on the magnitude of membrane tension. More importantly, an increase in intracellular contraction always leads to spontaneous growth of the junctions. The balance between the lateral osmotic pressure of aggregated bonds, inter-membrane repulsive pressure, and elastic energy density of deformed membranes controls the equilibrium size of the junction. These passive sensory functions are purely mechanistic, independent from any internal signaling within the cells.
Cohesive Zone Interpretations of Phase-Field Fracture Models
Authors: Tran H. , Chew H. B.
Published: September 2022

Unlike micromechanics failure models that have a well-defined crack path, phase-field fracture models are capable of predicting the crack path in arbitrary geometries and dimensions by utilizing a diffuse representation of cracks. However, such models rely on the calibration of a fracture energy (Gc) and a regularization length-scale (lc) parameter, which do not have a strong micromechanical basis. Here, we construct the equivalent crack-tip cohesive zone laws representing a phase-field fracture model, to elucidate the effects of Gc and lc on the fracture resistance and crack growth mechanics under mode I K-field loading. Our results show that the cohesive zone law scales with increasing Gc while maintaining the same functional form. In contrast, increasing lc broadens the process zone and results in a flattened traction-separation profile with a decreased but sustained peak cohesive traction over longer separation distances. While Gc quantitatively captures the fracture initiation toughness, increasing Gc coupled with decreasing lc contributes to a rising fracture resistance curve and a higher steady-state toughness—both these effects cumulate in an evolving cohesive zone law with crack progression. We discuss the relationship between these phase-field parameters and process zone characteristics in the material.