bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal relationships between guilt and suicide risk among adolescents in a postdisaster context: Mediating roles of rumination and posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Li Nan , Yuan Yue , Wu Xinchun , Lan Xiaoyu
Published: March 2022

Objective

To analyze the pathways and mechanisms underlying the impact of guilt on suicide risk using a well‐controlled longitudinal study, we examined the mediating roles of intrusive rumination, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this association.

Method

Four hundred and eight adolescent survivors (Mage = 14.05 years) were assessed using self‐report questionnaires three and a half years and four and a half years after the Ya'an earthquake. The self‐report questionnaires included the Trauma Exposures Questionnaire, the Interpersonal Guilt Questionnaire, the Event‐Related Rumination Inventory, the PTSD Checklist for the DSM‐5, and the Child Behavior Problems Questionnaire.

Results

The results indicated that guilt had a direct and positive effect on suicide risk. Intrusive rumination and PTSD mediated the relationship between guilt and suicide risk. Guilt could increase deliberate rumination, but deliberate rumination did not significantly predict PTSD and suicide risk.

Conclusion

Negative postdisaster emotions, such as guilt, can enhance the combined effects of cognition and psychological disorders on suicide risk. Guilt affects suicide risk indirectly through intrusive rumination and PTSD but not through deliberate rumination.
Metamorphic peak estimates of the Marguareis Unit (Briançonnais Domain): New constrains for the tectonic evolution of the south‐western Alps
Authors: Sanità Edoardo , Di Rosa Maria , Lardeaux Jean Marc , Marroni Michele , Pandolfi Luca
Published: March 2022

In the Western Alps, while many P–T constraints are available for the high‐grade units, the dataset for the low‐grade units located along the westernmost edge of the belt remains scarcer and incomplete. To face these uncertainties, we quantify for the first time the metamorphic peak conditions of the Marguareis Unit, a fragment of European margin (Briançonnais Domain) regarded till now as very‐low‐grade unit, exposed along the boundary between Maritime and Ligurian Alps (South‐Western Alps), whose deformation history is well constrained. The Marguareis Unit is regarded as a thinned portion of the European continental margin involved in the Alpine collision. Metamorphic peak conditions reconstructed using the chlorite–phengite multi‐equilibrium approach on the Eocene siliciclastic deposits indicate that the Marguareis Unit recorded high‐pressure and low‐temperature conditions during its subduction, accretion and subsequent exhumation into the Alpine wedge.
An improved method for urban Walk Score calculation considering perception of the street environment
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Zhang Jingzhou , Xu Kai , Tang Daimin , Li Yang , Wang Xinchang , Zhang Kai
Published: March 2022

Walk Score is widely used to measure the convenience of surrounding amenities and generally considers the physical characteristics of streets (density of crossings, distances, etc.). This article proposes an improved Walk Score evaluation method considering what pedestrians perceive through hearing and sight in the street environment. By using a traffic noise assessment model and a semantic segmentation model, the improved method incorporates traffic noise and vegetation coverage factors as penalties into the original Walk Score. Based on the proposed method, a case study was conducted in Nanjing, China. Compared with the original Walk Score: (1) the improved Walk Score results present more information about how the street environment affects walkability; (2) areas near downtown generally scored higher, while some traditional downtown areas scored lower, which is mainly because the latter areas have little vegetation along the streets; and (3) areas around urban viaducts and overpasses scored lower due to the additional penalty of traffic noise. With the support of the improved Walk Score evaluation method, urban planning and policymakers can develop more comprehensive solutions to improve urban walkability.
ADDRESSING THE NEEDHAM QUESTION FROM A THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE: TOWARD A CHINESE THEOLOGY OF HOLISTIC WISDOM
Authors: Feng Jacob (Chengwei)
Published: March 2022

Christian theology in general, and Chinese theology in particular, has remained reticent toward the Needham Question originally posed by Joseph Needham in the 1930s. After a brief survey of the Christian response to the theory of evolution introduced into China in 1898, I address the Needham Question from a theological perspective. Then, building on Jürgen Moltmann's trinitarian proposal, which places science and theology on the common life plane of wisdom, I propose a pneumatological‐trinitarian Chinese theology of science by integrating the natural wisdom and the revealed wisdom, the Chinese wisdom and the wisdom of other cultures.
Measuring health outcomes, experience of care and cost of healthcare in student-led healthcare services: A literature review
Authors: Simmons Lisa M , Emily Callander , Barker Ruth , Barnett Fiona
Published: March 2022

Introduction: In student-led healthcare services, health students take responsibility for the management and delivery of health services as part of clinical training. Like all healthcare services, student-led healthcare services need to be evaluated to ensure they provide high quality, safe and cost-effective services. The aim of this literature review was to understand how student-led healthcare services have been evaluated to date and to assess alignment of previous evaluations with the Triple Aim framework. The Triple Aim is a conceptual framework offering a systematic approach to evaluating healthcare services that may be appropriate for evaluation of student-led services. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for articles describing a student-led healthcare service and were screened for studies that evaluated the impact of a student-led healthcare service on patient outcomes. Critical appraisal was informed by Stiefel and Nolan’s (2012) IHI white paper A Guide to Measuring the “Triple Aim”, and each article was appraised against the Triple Aim measurement principles and dimensions of care.Results: Fourteen of 211 identified articles met the inclusion criteria. All 14 studies met the Triple Aim measurement principles of “a defined population”, “gather data over time” and “distinguish between measures”, while only eight of the 14 studies achieved “comparison data”. All 14 studies measured at least one or more of the Triple Aim dimensions. Conclusions: There was little consistency across the evaluations of student-led healthcare services, limiting the extent to which the benefits of student-led healthcare services can be shown to be a valuable resource to the healthcare system. Further investigation is required to determine a suitable evaluation framework for student-led healthcare services.
Inductive content analysis: A guide for beginning qualitative researchers
Authors: Vears Danya F , Gillam Lynn
Published: March 2022

Inductive content analysis (ICA), or qualitative content analysis, is a method of qualitative data analysis well-suited to use in health-related research, particularly in relatively small-scale, non-complex research done by health professionals undertaking research-focused degree courses. For those new to qualitative research, the methodological literature on ICA can be difficult to navigate, as it employs a wide variety of terminology and gives a number of different descriptions of when and how to carry it out.In this article, we describe in plain language what ICA is, highlight how it differs from deductive content analysis and thematic analysis, and discuss the key aspects to consider when making decisions about employing ICA in qualitative research. Using a study investigating practices and views around genetic testing in children as an example, we provide a clear step-by-step account of analysing text using ICA. Clear guidance on ICA will be useful for beginning researchers, especially those more familiar with quantitative biomedical and behavioural research, and for their academic and professional supervisors.
Evolving surface morphology during epitaxy of NiO on Ag(001)
Authors: Goldbach Hanno D. , Wollschläger Joachim
Published: March 2022

Reactive molecular beam epitaxy of NiO on Ag(001) has been characterized by high-resolution low energy electron diffraction performed during deposition of Ni on Ag(001) in molecular oxygen atmosphere for deposition temperatures of 300–420 K. The initial stage of film growth at high deposition temperature is determined by competing processes of Ni oxidation and Ni interdiffusion into Ag(001) with Ni-Ag alloying. Ni oxidation is favored at low deposition temperatures. Thus, NiO bilayers are immediately formed. At high deposition temperatures, however, alloying with Ag is enhanced and the formation of the initial NiO bilayer is delayed. After formation of a closed NiO bilayer, alloying is prevented and all deposited Ni is oxidized and NiO growth proceeds in the layer-by-layer growth mode. Later stages of epitaxy are governed by relaxation processes induced by the formation of mosaics due to interface dislocations. The tilt angle of the mosaic decreases with increasing film thickness due to elastic deformation of the NiO lattice. Dislocation related mosaics are paired and form grooves. Postdeposition characterization shows periodic arrangement of grooves related to the formation of a regular dislocation network.
Pair interactions between viscous drops in a viscoelastic matrix in free shear: Transition from passing to tumbling trajectories
Authors: Tarafder Anik , Malipeddi Abhilash Reddy , Sarkar Kausik
Published: March 2022

Shear-induced pair interactions between viscous drops suspended in a viscoelastic matrix are numerically investigated examining the effects of elasticity and drop deformability on their post-collision trajectory. Two different trajectory types are identified depending on the Weissenberg number Wi and capillary number Ca. Drops suspended in a Newtonian matrix (Wi = 0.0) show a passing trajectory where drops slide past each other and separate in the stream-wise direction. However, when increasing the Weissenberg number above a critical value, a tumbling/doublet trajectory is observed where two drops rotate around the midpoint of the line joining their centers, as was also seen previously for rigid particles. The tumbling trajectory is explained by investigating the flow around a single drop in shear. Elasticity generates a larger region of spiraling streamlines around a drop, which, during a pair interaction, traps the second drop giving rise to the tumbling pair. Decreasing deformability (lower Ca) and increasing viscoelasticity (higher Wi) favor a tumbling trajectory. With simulations sweeping the parameter space, we obtain a phase plot of the two different trajectories as functions of Ca and Wi. Treating the tension along the curved streamlines due to the non-zero first normal stress difference in the viscoelastic medium as an enhancement to the interfacial tension, we have developed an approximate force balance model for the zone of spiraling streamlines. It qualitatively captures the observed scaling of the critical Ca and Wi values at the phase boundary. The effects of unequal size, initial configuration, and non-unity viscosity ratio are briefly investigated.
The Concept of Acceleration and Deceleration in Isokinetics and Its Relation to 3 Hop Tests
Authors: Vassis Konstantinos , Spanos Savvas , Trigkas Panagiotis , Paras Georgios , Poulis Ioannis
Published: March 2022

Context: Both isokinetic testing and functional tests are often used during patient rehabilitation programs. Most researchers have assessed the relationship of isokinetic testing and functional tests in parameters such as peak moment, work, or power. However, little information exists regarding the acceleration and deceleration parameters and their relationship to function. Design: The purpose of the study was to investigate the concept of acceleration and deceleration of the knee flexor and extensor muscle groups during isokinetic testing and its relationship to function. Methods: Twenty-six healthy individuals (14 men and 12 women) participated in the study. Isokinetic bilateral concentric knee flexion and extension muscular performance was assessed isokinetically at the angular velocities of 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s. Functional performance was also assessed using (1) single hop for distance, (2) triple hop for distance, and (3) single timed hop. Functional data were normalized to body weight. A P value <.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Fair and moderate to good correlations (r = .396, P = .045 to r = .705, P = .001) were discovered between flexors’ and extensors’ acceleration/deceleration variables and the normalized to body weight functional tests. Conclusions: Appropriate understanding of isokinetic parameters as described in this study, including acceleration/deceleration values, may provide useful information about the functional ability of the lower limb muscular system.
Criterion Validity and Reliability of Knee Frontal Plane Projection Angles Measured Using the Technique Application
Authors: Atkins Lee T. , Van Bastian Tyler , Eckert Sterling D. , Hofmann Timothy R. , Pierce Emily L. , Richards Jim , Selfe James , Callaghan Michael
Published: March 2022

Context: Abnormal knee frontal plane projection angles (FPPA) during movement have been associated with patellofemoral pain. As such, clinicians are interested in valid and reliable instruments suitable for broad-based clinical use that allow them to objectively measure such variables. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the criterion validity and reliability of knee FPPA measures obtained by clinicians using a free tablet application called Technique. Design: Validity/reliability study. Methods: To examine validity, the same raters measured 10, two-dimensional criterion reference angles at the first testing session. To examine reliability, the knee FPPA of 16 subjects was measured by 6 raters (3 physical therapists and 3 student physical therapists) on 2 separate occasions while performing a single-limb step-down task. Validity was investigated by calculating the 95% limits of agreement, mean absolute differences, and Bland–Altman plots. Reliability was examined by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients and the SE of measure. Results: For validity, the mean absolute difference between rater and criterion reference angle measures ranged from 0.20° to 0.90°. Ninety-five percent of expected errors between rater and criterion reference angle measures were 2.04° or less. For reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient values for interrater and intrarater reliability were excellent ranging from .994 to .998 with SE of measure ranging from 0.44° to 0.84°. Conclusions: These findings indicate that knee FPPA measures obtained during a single-limb step-down task using the Technique tablet application are valid and reliable, and suitable for clinical use.
Brawn before brains in placental mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction
Authors: Bertrand Ornella C. , Shelley Sarah L. , Williamson Thomas E. , Wible John R. , Chester Stephen G. B. , Flynn John J. , Holbrook Luke T. , Lyson Tyler R. , Meng Jin , Miller Ian M. , Püschel Hans P. , Smith Thierry , Spaulding Michelle , Tseng Z. Jack , Brusatte Stephen L.
Published: March 2022

Mammals are the most encephalized vertebrates, with the largest brains relative to body size. Placental mammals have particularly enlarged brains, with expanded neocortices for sensory integration, the origins of which are unclear. We used computed tomography scans of newly discovered Paleocene fossils to show that contrary to the convention that mammal brains have steadily enlarged over time, early placentals initially decreased their relative brain sizes because body mass increased at a faster rate. Later in the Eocene, multiple crown lineages independently acquired highly encephalized brains through marked growth in sensory regions. We argue that the placental radiation initially emphasized increases in body size as extinction survivors filled vacant niches. Brains eventually became larger as ecosystems saturated and competition intensified.
The scientist-statesman
Benjamin Franklin
Ken Burns, executive producer
Florentine Films, 2022. 240 minutes.
Authors: Bernstein R. B.
Published: March 2022

A new documentary capably navigates the life and legacy of Benjamin Franklin
Paul Farmer (1959–2022)
Authors: Gates Bill
Published: March 2022

Humanitarian and public health pioneer
U.S. pares back neutrino experiment to beat rival
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: March 2022

Decision to build troubled megaproject in two phases will add to ballooning cost
Most complete human genome yet is revealed
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Unusual cell line helps sequencers read previously indecipherable stretches of DNA
Ehrlichia
SLiM Ligand Mimetic Activates Notch Signaling in Human Monocytes
Authors: Patterson LaNisha L. , Velayutham Thangam Sudha , Byerly Caitlan D. , Bui Duc Cuong , Patel Jignesh , Veljkovic Veljko , Paessler Slobodan , McBride Jere W.
Published: March 2022

E. chaffeensis
infects and replicates in mononuclear phagocytes, but how it evades innate immune defenses of this indispensable primary innate immune cell is not well understood. This investigation revealed the molecular details of a ligand mimicry cellular reprogramming strategy that involved a short linear motif (SLiM), which enabled
E. chaffeensis
to exploit host cell signaling to establish and maintain infection.
E. chaffeensis
TRP120 is a moonlighting effector that has been associated with cellular activation and other functions, including ubiquitin ligase activity.
SmdA is a Novel Cell Morphology Determinant in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Myrbråten Ine Storaker , Stamsås Gro Anita , Chan Helena , Morales Angeles Danae , Knutsen Tiril Mathiesen , Salehian Zhian , Shapaval Volha , Straume Daniel , Kjos Morten
Published: March 2022

Staphylococcus aureus
is an important human and animal pathogen. Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, and cell division and cell wall synthesis factors have previously been shown to modulate susceptibility to antibiotics in this species.
Restriction of
Wolbachia
Bacteria in Early Embryogenesis of Neotropical
Drosophila
Species via Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Strunov Anton , Schmidt Katy , Kapun Martin , Miller Wolfgang J.
Published: March 2022

All organisms are living in close and intimate interactions with microbes that cause conflicts but also cooperation between both unequal genetic partners due to their different innate interests of primarily enhancing their own fitness. However, stable symbioses often result in homeostatic interaction, named mutualism, by balancing costs and benefits, where both partners profit.
Viewing Bacterial Colonization through the Lens of Systems Biology
Authors: Barron Madeline R. , Young Vincent B.
Published: March 2022

The gastrointestinal ecosystem is formed from interactions between the host, indigenous gut microbiota, and external world. When colonizing the gut, bacteria must overcome barriers imposed by the intestinal environment, such as host immune responses and microbiota-mediated nutrient limitation.
Distinct N and C Cross-Feeding Networks in a Synthetic Mouse Gut Consortium
Authors: Pérez Escriva Pau , Fuhrer Tobias , Sauer Uwe
Published: March 2022

This article maps out the cross-feeding network among 10 members of a synthetic consortium that is increasingly used as the model mouse gut microbiota. Combining metabolomics with
in vitro
cultivations, two dense networks of carbon and nitrogen exchange are described.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Urine Lipoarabinomannan Testing in Early Morning Urine versus Spot Urine for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis among People with HIV
Authors: Bjerrum Stephanie , Åhsberg Johanna , Szekely Rita , Opintan Japheth , Lartey Margaret , Shah Maunank , Mitarai Satoshi , Broger Tobias , Ruhwald Morten , Johansen Isik Somuncu
Published: March 2022

This study indicates that FujiLAM testing performs equivalently on spot and early morning urine samples for detecting tuberculosis among people with HIV. Sensitivity could be increased with a two-sample strategy but at the risk of lower specificity. These data can inform future guidelines and clinical practice around FujiLAM.
Rapid Quantitative Point-Of-Care Diagnostic Test for Post COVID-19 Vaccination Antibody Monitoring
Authors: Moeller Maria E. , Engsig Frederik N. , Bade Melanie , Fock Jeppe , Pah Pearlyn , Soerensen Anna Louise , Bang Didi , Donolato Marco , Benfield Thomas
Published: March 2022

Serological testing is an important diagnostic support tool in the fight against COVID-19. So far, serological testing has been performed on either lateral flow assays, which perform only qualitatively and can be difficult for the individual to read, or standard laboratory assays, which are time- and resource-consuming.
Clinical and Bacteriological Analysis of Pediatric Pneumococcal Meningitis after 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Japan
Authors: Kurihara Erika , Takeshita Kenichi , Tanaka Saori , Takeuchi Noriko , Ohkusu Misako , Hishiki Haruka , Ishiwada Naruhiko
Published: March 2022

We analyzed 34 cases of pediatric pneumococcal meningitis that were reported after the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction era in Japan. Our study revealed that pneumococcal meningitis in children was mainly caused by non-PCV13 serotypes; all cases with sequelae and death were caused by non-PCV13 serotypes.
Artificial Human Sweat as a Novel Growth Condition for Clinically Relevant Pathogens on Hospital Surfaces
Authors: Watson Fergus , Keevil C. William , Chewins John , Wilks Sandra A.
Published: March 2022

Precise modeling of dry surface biofilms in hospitals is critical for understanding their role in hospital-acquired infection transmission and surface contamination. Using a representative culture condition which includes a nutrient source is key to developing a phenotypically accurate biofilm community. This will enable accurate laboratory testing of cleaning products and their efficacy against dry surface biofilms.
An Easy-to-Implement Risk Score for Targeted Hepatitis C Virus Testing in the General Population
Authors: Martínez-Sanz Javier , Vivancos-Gallego María Jesús , Fernández-Felix Borja Manuel , Muriel Alfonso , Pérez-Elías Pilar , Uranga Almudena , Romero Beatriz , Galán Juan Carlos , Moreno Santiago , Pérez-Elías María Jesús
Published: March 2022

Despite the highly effective treatments currently available, HCV remains one of the major public health problems related to an infectious agent, mainly because a high percentage of individuals remain undiagnosed. Universal screening has been proposed as a way to end this epidemic; however, it is not feasible in all settings due to different implementation barriers.
Supplemental Material: Sulfide-associated hydrothermal dolomite and calcite reveal a shallow burial depth for Alpine-type Zn-(Pb) deposits
Authors: Giorno M. , Bertok C. , al. et
Published: March 2022

Extended materials and methods, additional petrographic data for U-Pb geochronology, additional U-Pb data about outlier ages, and additional figures and tables.
Supplemental Material: Testing models of Laramide orogenic initiation by investigation of Late Cretaceous magmatic-tectonic evolution of the central Mojave sector of the California arc
Authors: Economos R.C. , et al.
Published: March 2022

Table S1: SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology data for six samples from the Cadiz Valley batholith. Table S2: SHRIMP zircon U-Pb geochronology data for six samples from the Federal 2-26 Cajon Pass drill core. Table S3: Whole-rock major- and trace-element geochemistry of granitic rocks from Joshua Tree National Park and the Cadiz Valley batholith measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Table S4: Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd isotope data from the Joshua Tree National Park and Cadiz Valley batholith. Table S5: Locations, data, and references used to generate histograms in Figure 5.
Supplemental Material: Stratigraphy of the Eocene–Oligocene Titus Canyon Formation, Death Valley, California, and Eocene extensional tectonism in the Basin and Range
Authors: Midttun N. , et al.
Published: March 2022

Text: Additional explanation of the methods used to recalculate the Ar/Ar ages of Gutenkunst (2006), Saylor and Hodges (1994), and Saylor (1991). Figure S1: Analytical plots recalculated from 40Ar/39Ar data originally produced by Gutenkunst (2006). Figure S2: Scans of a large scale map and seven isochron plots for five samples provided by B. Saylor (personal commun., 2015). Table S1: Detrital zircon U-Pb analytical data. Table S2: Zircon (U‐Th)/He analytical data. Table S3: Analytical data for 40Ar/39Ar ages of Gutenkunst (2006).
Supplemental Material: Seismicity recorded in hematite fault mirrors in the Rio Grande rift
Authors: Odlum Margaret , et al.
Published: March 2022

Contains detailed microscopy and thermochronology methodologies, (U-Th)/He data tables, grain size measurements, thermal history model input table, and figures.
Supplemental Material: Featured Neoarchean granitoid association in the central North China Craton: An indicator of warm plate subduction
Authors: Sun Guozheng , Liu Shuwen , al. et
Published: March 2022

Data of zircon U–Pb–Lu–Hf isotope, whole-rock Sm–Nd isotope and whole-rock chemical data of granitoid rocks.
Supplemental Material: Rapid sediment re-deposition may limit carbon release during catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage
Authors: Burnham Brian S. , et al.
Published: March 2022

Table S1: Geometric measurements obtained from satellite imagery of rapidly drained thermokarst lakes and associated deltas and thermo-erosion gullies. Lake ID relate to drained lakes identified in Nitze et al. (2020). Table S2: Estimated soil organic carbon content measured in gigagram (Gg) in top 2 m removed from thermo-erosion gullies. Estimates and approximate spatial resolution are derived from spatial statistical models presented in Zhu and McGuire (2016).
Supplemental Material: Regional-scale correlations of accreted units in the Franciscan Complex, California: A record of long-lived, episodic subduction accretion
Authors: Apen F.E. , et al.
Published: March 2022

Appendices S1 and S2; Tables S1–S4; Figures S1 and S2.
Supplemental Material: Integrated stratigraphy of the Lutetian–Priabonian pelagic section at Bottaccione (Gubbio, central Italy): A proposal for defining and positioning the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Bartonian Stage (Paleogene System, Eocene Series)
Authors: Coccioni Rodolfo , et al.
Published: March 2022

Tables S1–S8.
Supplemental Material: Impact-crater ages and micrometeorite paleofluxes compared: Evidence for the importance of ordinary chondrites in the flux of meteorites and asteroids to Earth over the past 500 million years
Authors: Schmitz Birger , et al.
Published: March 2022

Supplemental text and Tables S1 and S2.
Supplemental Material: Oceanic productivity after the Cretaceous/Paleogene impact: Where do we stand? The view from the deep
Authors: Alegret Laia , et al.
Published: March 2022

Table S1 (Diversity of benthic assemblages, relative abundance of buliminid taxa and infaunal morphogroups, and BFARs across the K/Pg boundary at ODP Site 1267); Table S2 (Diversity of benthic assemblages and relative abundance of buliminid taxa and infaunal morphogroups in the uppermost Maastrichtian and lowermost Danian at Urrutxua section, Basque-Cantabrian Basin); Table S3 (Benthic foraminiferal 13C records across the K/Pg transition at ODP Site 1267 [Walvis Ridge, SE Atlantic]); Table S4 (List of benthic foraminiferal species that last occurred at the K/Pg boundary at the 17 locations of our compilation, and species that went [globally] extinct at the boundary); Table S5 (List of benthic foraminiferal species that became globally extinct at the K/Pg boundary); Figure S1 (Correlation between the global drop in benthic foraminiferal diversity across the K/Pg boundary and paleodistance from the impact site, paleodepth and paleolatitude of the 17 study sites shown in Table 1); Figure S2 (Correlation between extinction rates and last occurrences of benthic foraminiferal across the K/Pg boundary, and paleodistance from the impact site, paleodepth and paleolatitude, using the data shown in Tables 1 and 2).
Laser Shock Wave: The Plasticity and Thickness of the Residual Deformation Layer and the Transition from the Elastoplastic to Elastic Propagation Mode
Authors: Inogamov N. A. , Perov E. A. , Zhakhovsky V. V. , Shepelev V. V. , Petrov Yu. V. , Fortova S. V.
Published: March 2022

Intense laser radiation leads to irreversible changes in the crystal structure of a target, which are used in laser shock peening technologies. Processes determining the thickness of the residual deformation layer and related residual stresses are studied in this work. It is known that the end of peening is caused by the decaying of the laser shock wave. New information on the transformation of the wave from the elastoplastic to elastic propagation mode under a picosecond impact is obtained. The elastic shock wave is inefficient for peening. The classical configuration with a plastic jump and an elastic precursor ahead of it turns out to disappear during transformation. In this case, the leading edge of the expanding plastic layer gradually decreases its velocity below the bulk velocity of sound, is smeared inside the rarefaction wave, and stops.
Parents’ attitudes to medical education on paediatric ward rounds
Authors: Barrington Julia , Polley Clare , van Heerden Carolyn , Gray Amy
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To understand parents’ attitudes to medical education of junior doctors and students during ward rounds, and to explore how parents’ perceptions vary in medical and surgical paediatric wards.

Design

A mixed-methods descriptive study was done using 100 semistructured interviews across two departments at a single tertiary-level paediatric hospital. Quantitative data were derived from closed-ended interview responses and analysed using descriptive statistics to explore overall parental satisfaction with education on rounds. Qualitative data were obtained from open-ended interview responses using inductive content analysis, with themes agreed between three researchers.

Results

This study demonstrated high parental satisfaction with education on ward rounds, with over 85% of parents satisfied with education occurring on rounds. There was no difference between medical and surgical cohorts despite more parents witnessing teaching on medical rounds (70%) than on surgical rounds (16%). Qualitative data derived four key themes:altruism as the reason for supporting education,the child still comes first,setting the sceneandthe location matters.

Conclusion

This research demonstrates parents support education of medical students and junior doctors during ward rounds, provided ward-based learning is not perceived to compromise care. Intentional communication with parents regarding the teaching process, including timing and location of teaching, helps improve engagement and parental satisfaction.
Health workforce governance for compassionate and respectful care: a framework for research, policy and practice
Authors: Cometto Giorgio , Assegid Samuel , Abiyu Geta , Kifle Mesfin , Tunçalp Özge , Syed Shamsuzzoha , Kleine Bingham Melissa , Nyoni Jennifer , Ajuebor Onyema Kester
Published: March 2022

The progressive realisation of universal health coverage requires that health services are not only available and accessible, but also that they are rendered to the population in an acceptable, compassionate and respectful manner to deliver quality of care. Health workers’ competencies play a central role in the provision of compassionate and respectful care (CRC); but health workers’ behaviour is also influenced by the policy and governance environment in which they operate. The identification of relevant policy levers to enhance CRC therefore calls for actions that enable health workers to optimise their roles and fulfil their responsibilities.

This paper aims at exploring the health workforce policy and management levers to enable CRC. Through an overview of selected country experiences, concrete examples are provided to illustrate the range of available policy options. Relevant interventions may span the individual, organisational, or system-wide level. Some policies are specific to CRC and may include, among others, the inclusion of relevant competencies in preservice and in-service education, supportive supervision and accountability mechanisms. Other relevant actions depend on a broader workforce governance approach, including policies that target health workforce availability, distribution and working conditions, or wider system -level factors, including regulatory and financing aspects.

The selection of the appropriate system-wide and CRC-specific interventions should be tailored to the national and operational context in relation to its policy objectives and feasibility and affordability considerations. The identification of performance metrics and the collation and analysis of required data are necessary to monitor effectiveness of the interventions adopted.
Efficacy of group biofeedback treatment on hyperemesis gravidarum with psychosomatic symptoms diagnosed with the revised version of Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR-R): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cui Xuelian , Cao Jianxin , Rafanelli Chiara , Zhu Boheng , Gostoli Sara
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a condition characterised by dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, lack of nutrition and at least 5% loss in body weight, occurring in the first half of pregnancy. The aim of this trial is to examine the efficacy of group biofeedback treatment on patients with HG with psychosomatic symptoms, which will be evaluated through the revised version of Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR-R).

Methods and analysis

In this single-blinded randomised controlled clinical trial, 68 patients with HG diagnosed with at least one psychosomatic syndrome according to DCPR-R and aged 18–40 years, will be recruited in a Chinese Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The sample will be randomised (1:1) into two arms: experimental group, which will undergo group biofeedback treatment, psycho-education and treatment as usual (TAU); and control group, which will undergo psycho-education and TAU only. The primary outcomes will be reduction of the frequency of psychosomatic syndromes, severity of nausea/vomiting, quality of life and heart rate variability. The secondary outcomes will include days of hospitalisation, repeated hospitalisation and laboratory investigations.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received ethical approval from the Nanjing Medical University (No. 2019/491, granted 22 February 2019). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. Study outcomes will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and academic conferences, and used to confirm a tailored biofeedback intervention for patients with HG with psychosomatic symptoms.

Trial registration number

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000028754).
Association between patent foramen ovale and migraine without aura: a community-based cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Tang Yusha , Peng Anjiao , Peng Bo , He Shixu , Zhao Xia , Zhu Yuanfeng , Lai Wanlin , Song Tingting , Chen Lei
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To assess the influence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) on the prevalence of migraine without aura based on propensity score-matched samples in Southwest China.

Design

Propensity-matched cross-sectional study.

Participants

Residents over 20 years of age were recruited from 15 communities of Western China from July 2020 to October 2020. A total of 3741 residents having accepted to undergo contrast-transthoracic echocardiography and a standard structured questionnaire was assessed for the relationship between PFO and migraine without aura.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of migraine without aura across different degrees of right–left shunts.

Results

A total of 3741 participants were included. Among them, 881 participants were diagnosed with PFO. The prevalence of migraine without aura in the PFO group was 12.83%, significantly higher than the other group (7.83%, p<0.0001). Analyses of the matched samples showed that the presence of a PFO increased the morbidity risk of migraine without aura (p < 0.001; OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.47).

Conclusion

This community-based cross-sectional study pointed to a strong association between PFO and migraine without aura, especially when the shunt is large.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR1900024623.
Ethiopian women’s sexual experiences and coping strategies for sexual problems after gynaecological cancer treatment: a qualitative study
Authors: Hundie Gashaw Yada , Sendo Endalew G , Habte Teshome
Published: March 2022

Objective

This study explored women’s sexual experiences and coping strategies for sexual problems after gynaecological treatment.

Setting

The research was carried out at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, one of the two cancer centre hospitals in the country.

Study design

A phenomenological qualitative study design was employed in this study.

Study participants

Participants were recruited using purposeful sampling. Thirteen eligible study participants were interviewed face to face. Data were collected from 2 February to 15 March 2019 and analysed at the same time. For data analysis, thematic analysis was used, which comprises three stages: data reduction, data display and data conclusion.

Results

Four themes resulted from the analysis of individual interview data, including treatment side effects, sexual issues following radiation therapy, lack of awareness regarding cancer treatment and sexual dysfunction, and coping strategies for sexual dysfunction following gynaecological cancer treatment. Three subthemes emerged as coping mechanisms for managing sexual issues and dysfunction among Ethiopian women with gynaecological cancer: avoiding sexual intercourse, praying for healing and seeking professional help. These themes were identified as the rich and detailed account of the experiences of sexually active women who have received treatment for their cervical cancer.

Conclusion

This study has broadened the perspectives on sexuality in the setting of gynaecological cancer and challenged certain commonly held beliefs about sexuality after treatment. Researchers should look into how inclusive sexuality education and training may be better integrated into the training programmes of healthcare workers. More research is needed to learn how partners of women with gynaecological cancer cope with sexual changes after treatment, how the couple as a partnership negotiates changes after treatment, and the facilitators and barriers that healthcare providers face when discussing sexuality issues with patients.
Qualitative study exploring factors affecting the implementation of a vocational rehabilitation intervention in the UK major trauma pathway
Authors: Kettlewell Jade , Radford Kate , Kendrick Denise , Patel Priya , Bridger Kay , Kellezi Blerina , Das Nair Roshan , Jones Trevor , Timmons Stephen
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to: (1) understand the context for delivering a trauma vocational rehabilitation (VR) intervention; (2) identify potential barriers and enablers to the implementation of a VR intervention post-trauma.

Design

Qualitative study. Data were collected in person or via phone using different methods: 38 semistructured interviews, 11 informal ‘walk-through care pathways’ interviews, 5 focus groups (n=25), 5 codesign workshops (n=43). Data were thematically analysed using the framework approach, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Setting

Stakeholders recruited across five UK major trauma networks.

Participants

A variety of stakeholders were recruited (n=117) including trauma survivors, rehabilitation physicians, therapists, psychologists, trauma coordinators and general practitioners. We recruited 32 service users (trauma survivors or carers) and 85 service providers.

Results

There were several issues associated with implementing a trauma VR intervention including: culture within healthcare/employing organisations; extent to which healthcare systems were networked with other organisations; poor transition between different organisations; failure to recognise VR as a priority; external policies and funding. Some barriers were typical implementation issues (eg, funding, policies, openness to change). This study further highlighted the challenges associated with implementing a complex intervention like VR (eg, inadequate networking/communication, poor service provision, perceived VR priority). Our intervention was developed to overcome these barriers through adapting a therapist training package, and by providing early contact with patient/employer, a psychological component alongside occupational therapy, case coordination/central point of contact, and support crossing sector boundaries (eg, between health/employment/welfare).

Conclusions

Findings informed the implementation of our VR intervention within the complex trauma pathway. Although we understand how to embed it within this context, the success of its implementation needs to be measured as part of a process evaluation in a future trial.
Role of adherent and invasiveEscherichia coliin Crohn’s disease: lessons from the postoperative recurrence model
Authors: Buisson Anthony , Sokol Harry , Hammoudi Nassim , nancey Stéphane , Treton Xavier , Nachury Maria , Fumery Mathurin , Hébuterne Xavier , Rodrigues Michael , Hugot Jean-Pierre , Boschetti Gilles , Stefanescu Carmen , Wils Pauline , Seksik Philippe , Le Bourhis Lionel , Bezault Madeleine , Sauvanet Pierre , Pereira Bruno , Allez Matthieu , Barnich Nicolas
Published: March 2022

Objective

We used the postoperative recurrence model to better understand the role of adherent and invasiveEscherichia coli(AIEC) bacteria in Crohn’s disease (CD), taking advantage of a well-characterised postoperative cohort.

Design

From a prospective, multicentre cohort of operated patients with CD, AIEC identification was performed within the surgical specimen (M0) (N=181 patients) and the neoterminal ileum (n=119 patients/181) during colonoscopy performed 6 months after surgery (M6). Endoscopic postoperative recurrence was graded using Rutgeerts’ index. The mucosa-associated microbiota was analysed by 16S sequencing at M0 and M6. Relative risks or ORs were adjusted on potential confounders.

Results

AIEC prevalence was twofold higher within the neoterminal ileum at M6 (30.3%) than within the surgical specimen (14.9%) (p<0.001). AIEC within the neoterminal ileum at M6 was associated with higher rate of early ileal lesions (i1) (41.6% vs 17.1%; aRR 3.49 (95% CI 1.01 to 12.04), p=0.048) or ileal lesions (i2b+i3) (38.2% vs 17.1%; aRR 3.45 (95% CI 1.06 to 11.30), p=0.040) compared with no lesion (i0). AIEC within the surgical specimen was predictive of higher risk of i2b-endoscopic postoperative recurrence (POR) (aOR 2.54 (95% CI 1.01 to 6.44), p=0.049) and severe endoscopic POR (aOR 3.36 (95% CI 1.25 to 9.06), p=0.017). While only 5.0% (6/119) of the patients were AIEC-positive at both M0 and M6, 43.7% (52/119), patients with history of positive test for AIEC (M0 or M6) had higher risk of ileal endoscopic POR (aOR 2.32 (95% CI 1.01 to 5.39), p=0.048)), i2b-endoscopic postoperative recurrence (aOR 2.41 (95% CI 1.01 to 5.74); p=0.048) and severe endoscopic postoperative (aOR=3.84 (95% CI 1.32 to 11.18), p=0.013). AIEC colonisation was associated with a specific microbiota signature including increased abundance ofRuminococcus gnavus.

Conclusion

Based on the postoperative recurrence model, our data support the idea that AIEC are involved in the early steps of ileal CD.

Trial registration number

NCT03458195.
Anti-apoptosis effects of codonolactone on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Feichi , Lin Weiqian
Published: March 2022

Codonolactone is the main biologically active ingredient in Atractylodes lancea. Studies have shown various functions of codonolactone, while its protective effect against neurotoxicity caused by ischemic stroke is unclear. This study investigated the roles of codonolactone in inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats with codonolactone treatment, I/R treatment and the sham operation group were used in this study. After reperfusion for 24 hours, nerve damage was detected by nerve staining, and the neurological deficits of the rats were analyzed. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rat brain tissues were also determined. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of Akt/Nrf2 pathway-associated proteins. Compared with the I/R group, the cerebral blood flow, infarct volume, brain water content, coronary blood flow and neurological deficits in the codonolactone treatment group, especially with the 80 mg/kg dosage, were significantly reduced. Codonolactone could significantly reduce the expression levels of caspase-3 and Bax, and significantly increase the expression levels of Bcl-2 after I/R. In addition, codonolactone could significantly reduce MDA content and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in ischemic brain tissues. It also significantly increased SOD activity, the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the phosphorylation of Akt and Nrf2. Codonolactone ameliorated the cerebral I/R injury by improving anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and reducing apoptosis. Besides, the Akt/Nrf2 pathway was involved in the pharmacological action of the codonolactone.
Effects of a Pilates programme in spinal curvatures and hamstring extensibility in adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: González-Gálvez Noelia , Marcos-Pardo Pablo Jorge , Albaladejo-Saura Mario , López-Vivancos Abraham , Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel
Published: March 2022

Aim

To evaluate the effects of a 9-month Pilates exercise programme on the sagittal spinal posture and hamstring extensibility of adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis.

Design

Randomised controlled trial with blinded examiner.

Patients

One-hundred and three adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis.

Interventions

Participants were randomly placed into an experimental group which participated in a Pilates exercise programme implemented for a total of 38 weeks (two sessions/week, 15 min/session) (Pilates group (PG), sample = 49, or control group (CG), sample = 48).

Main outcome measures

The outcome measures were the thoracic curve in sagittal spinal curvature in relaxed standing, sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt in relaxed standing and sit-and-reach positions, and hamstring extensibility.

Results

There was a significant adjusted mean difference between groups in favour of the PG in the thoracic curve in relaxed standing position (−5.6°, p = 0.003), pelvic tilt (−2.9°, p = 0.03) and all straight leg tests (p<0.001). The PG showed a significant change in thoracic curve (−5.9, p<0.001) and in lumbar angle (4.0, p = 0.001) in relaxed standing position and in all straight leg raise tests (+6.4 to +15°, p<0.0001).

Conclusions

The adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis from the PG had a decreased thoracic kyphosis in relaxed standing position, and improved hamstring extensibility as compared with the CG. More than 50% of the participants obtained kyphosis values inside normality, showing an adjusted mean difference between groups in the thoracic curve of about 73% of the baseline mean, resulting in a large improvement and high clinical importance.

Trial registration number

NCT03831867.