bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2, 5-disubstituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives
Authors: Solet Sanwar Mal , Sharma Neetesh Kumar , Bhadauria Raghvendra Singh
Published: September 2024

Synthesis of a series of various 2, 5-disubstituted-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives (7a-7u) have been done. Synthesis of a series of intermediates (3a-3c and 5a-5c) have been also done, ethyl-2-phenoxyacetate (3a), ethyl 2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate (3b), ethyl 2-(4-nitrorophenoxy) acetate (3c), 2-phenoxyacetohydrazide (5a), 2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) acetohydrazide (5b), 2-(4-nitrophenoxy)acetohydrazide (5c), and final product (7a-7u), 2-(phenoxymethyl)-5-phenyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (7a), 4-(5-(phenoxymethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline  (7b), 3-(5-(phenoxymethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) aniline (7c), 2-(5-(phenoxymethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7d), 2, 4-dinitro-6-(5-(phenoxymethyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7e), 2-(4-(methylthio)benzyl)-5-(phenoxymethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7f), 2-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7g), 4-(5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7h), 3-(5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7i), 2-(5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7j), 2-(5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-4,6-dinitrophenol (7k), 2-((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-5-(4-(methylthio)benzyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7l), (Z)-2-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-5-styryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7m), (S)-4-(2-(5-((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) methyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)propyl)phenol (7n), 2-((4-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-5-phenyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (7o), 4-(5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7p), 3-(5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)aniline (7q), 2-(5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7r), 2, 4-dinitro-6-(5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol (7s), 2-(4-(methylthio) benzyl)-5-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7t), (Z)-2-((4-nitrophenoxy)methyl)-5-styryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (7u) and 5-((2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (7v).
Evaluation of Phytochemicals in Methanolic Extract of Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux Collected from Manapad in the South East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: John Peter Paul J , Fredrick Raja E
Published: September 2024

The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemicals in the methanolic extract of Hypnea musciformis (Wulf.) Lamouroux collected from Manapad in the south east coast of Tamil Nadu, India.  The phytochemical screening of methanolic extract was studied using the standard procedure by UV-Visible spectroscopic, HPLC and FTIR. The UV-Visible spectrum showed the compounds separated at the nm of 300, 350, 420, 460, 534.5, 538.5, 606.35 646 and 667.5 with the absorption 0.361, 0.249, 0.675, 4.000, 0.967, 0.098, 1.260, 2.460 and 2.571 respectively. The qualitative HPLC fingerprint profile displayed six compounds at different retention time of 1.923min, 2.140min, 2.533min, 3.017min, 3.260min and 3.525min. The result of FTIR analysis was found the presence of functional groups such as amides, phosphorus compound, alcohols, phenols and halogen compounds.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, Hypnea musciformis, UV-Visible, HPLC, FTIR
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and estimation of quercetin by HPLC from Caesalpinia bonducella
Authors: Pandey Desh Deepak , Lokesh Kavita R
Published: September 2024

Caesalpinia bonducella is an important medicinal plant for its traditional uses against different types of diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activities, phytochemical analysis and HPLC analysis of ethanol extract of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella collected from Bhopal region of Madhya Pradesh. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics flavonoids and alkaloids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of the leaves was assessed against DPPH and Nitric oxide scavenging activity using standard protocols. Quercetin was detected in ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonducella under study by using RP-HPLC analysis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids. The total phenolic, flavonoids and alkaloids content of ethanolic leave extract of Caesalpinia bonducella was found to be 0.647, 0.941and 0.369mg/100mg respectively. Caesalpinia bonducella extracts showed effective DPPH radical scavenging and nitric oxide scavenging activity. Quercetin content was found in Caesalpinia bonducella extract, was quantified as 0.285µg/ml. HPLC analysis of plant extracts indicated the presence of the most abundant dietary flavonol, Quercetin. The results of this study revealed that the bioactive compound content differences could be determinant for the medicinal properties of this plant especially for antioxidant activities with potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Caesalpinia bonducella, Phytochemical analysis, Antioxidant, HPLC analysis
Design, Optimization and Characterization of a Transferosomal Gel of Acyclovir for Effective Treatment of Herpes Zoster
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Nayak Amit , Ghatuary Sailesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

A transferosome is the first generation of an elastic liposome prepared from phospholipids and edge activators. An edge activator is often a single-chain surfactant with a high radius of curvature that destabilizes the lipid bilayers of vesicles and increases the deformability of the bilayers, thereby making the vehicle ultra-deformable. Acyclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analog derived from guanine, is the most widely used antiviral agent. It is effective in the treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV), mainly HSV-1 and HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus. However, it has low skin permeability. Hence, the objective of this study was to prepare acyclovir using transferosomes to overcome the barrier function of the skin. The present study deals with the development of transferosomal gel containing acyclovir by handshaking method for painless acyclovir delivery for use in the treatment of skin disease through 33 Fractional factorial design in which amount of Phospholipid (A), Cholesterol (B) and Tween 80 (C) was selected as independent variables and vesicle size (X1) Polydispersity index (X2) and %entrapment efficiency (X3) as dependent variables. The prepared transferosomes were evaluated with respect to entrapment efficiency (EE %), particle size, and quantity of in vitro drug released to obtain an optimized formulation. The optimized formulation of acyclovir transferosomes was incorporated into a Carbapol 934 gel base which was evaluated for drug content, pH, spreadability, viscosity and in vitro permeation. The prepared acyclovir transferosomes had a high EE% ranging from 65 to 81%, with small particle sizes ranging from 181.9 to 401.8nm. The in vitro release study suggested that there was an inverse relationship between EE% and in vitro release. The formulation TF2 have better in-vitro drug release profile which contains carbopol 980 concentration 2 %w/w. The kinetic analysis of release profiles of TF2 was found to follow the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. All independent variables had a significant effect on the dependent variables (p-values < 0.05). Therefore, acyclovir in the form of transferosomes can penetrate the skin, overcoming the stratum corneum barrier.
Physico-Chemical Analysis of Water at Selected Point in Kota, Rajasthan
Authors: Chouhan Rajeev K , Bansal Anil K , Chhipa R C
Published: September 2024

Water is the basic unit of life and it is essential element for all living forms and the environment health. Water is the basic unit of life and it is essential element for all living forms and the environment health. Rivers are essential for all living organism on earth. In this study, we screened the point of contamination of pollutants in Chambal river water and their concentration in different season.  Present study revealed that water quality parameters (pH, EC, Chloride, Fluoride, TDS, DO, COD, BOD etc) of some sample site showed contamination and depletion in quality of Chambal River in pre monsoon. The water quality was maintained in certain sample site and all parameters were found under limit. We should maintain quality of water because Chambal River is major source of drinking water for districts of Rajasthan.
Keywords: Water quality, Chambal River, Chemical parameter
Effervescent Floating Drug Delivery System: A Review
Authors: Maniyar M. M. , Patil P. B. , Saudagar R.B.
Published: September 2024

Oral sustained release gastro-retentive dosage forms offer many advantages for drugs with the absorption from upper parts of the gastro intestinal tract. Gastric emptying is a complex process and it is highly variable. The floating drug delivery systems are useful methods to avoid this variability which increases the retention time of the drug delivery systems for more than 12 hours.these systems are useful for many of the problem occurred during development of pharmaceutical dosage form. The objective of the review is to understand the current approaches of this drug delivery system.
A Review on Multi Approaches for Impurity Isolation and its Characterization
Authors: Prajapati Pintu B. , Wankhed Navneet , Mehta Priti J.
Published: September 2024

International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has formulated different guideline regarding the control of impurities. In this review,  the impurity sources, classification, isolation, detection and characterization methods are described. The some impurities are unavoidable and will be present in trace amounts hence ICH guidelines frame the different policies and establish the specification limits, isolation and characterization is necessary for evaluation and control of impurities. The other regulatory bodies and drug development authorities look up to these guidelines for launching a quality drug into the market. Validation of analytical process for impurity identification is performed to establish the impurity profile of any drug substance. Hence the major focus of this review article is on isolation and characterization of impurities using various technics, sources and classifications, establishment of impurity profile and analytical approaches to establish its profile. We also could apply the QbD to providing statistical documentary evidences.
Keywords: Impurity profile, Impurities isolation methods, chromatographic separation, Impurity Characterization, ICH, QbD.
Overview of Fast Dissolving Tablets
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Kumar Rohit
Published: September 2024

Oral drug delivery is the most convenient route when compared to other routes. Solid oral dosage forms like conventional tablets are having the problem of swallowing, chocking especially in children and old patients. FDTs are the first doctor or patient choice as it is easy to administer for all age group patients. As there is no requirement of water there is no risk of chocking and swallowing. Due to its advantages over conventional tablets and having more stability than liquid dosage forms these are preferred . Currently many researches are going on . FDTs are easily manufactured at low cost with enhanced dissolution are the new promising approach.
Keywords: Super disintegrants, Oral dissolving tablets, Direct compression.
Pechory: Intersection Points
Authors: Vorobyov Vasily , Petrova Natalia
Published: September 2024

This article discusses a border town of Pechory in Pskov Oblast and its surroundings. During the fieldwork for the project “People’s History of Russia: Crossroads of Local Civilizations” local residents were interviewed about significant periods in the history of the city and the uniqueness of the area. The focus of the article is on how the residents comprehend the border as a phenomenon (in spatial, geopolitical, intergroup, and other senses) and conceptualize the frontier as a local specificity. The paper reviews the particularities of the aforementioned fieldwork, which took place in the autumn of 2020, the toponymy and microtoponymy of the town where three ethnic identities interact, the conceptual frameworks of the state border, city branding through food and architecture, and the coexistence of two main conceptual frameworks: the primary one, “for our own and for others”, and the hidden one, “mostly, for our own”.
“And it’s even better for us, let there be three, five churches!”: The St. Nicholas Churches of Mednogorsk
Authors: Gramatchikova Natalia
Published: September 2024

The article is based on field material collected in Mednogorsk (Orenburg region) in December 2021. It is dedicated to the study of the interactions between the religious and cultural landscapes of the city. A distinctive feature of industrial Mednogorsk, founded during the era of industrialization, is its “church history” of the Soviet era. An constant element of this history was the life of the parish, which since 1943 took place in a prayer house later converted into the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The decades-long existence of the so-called “old St. Nicholas Church” in the city havs led to the enrichment and complication of the religious landscape, which includes hidden public practices of faith protection and places of prayer. The latter include an episode of collective protection of the church from destruction in 1961 and the book by Vera Popova, who became recognized in the city as the “historian of the temple” from among the oldest parishioners. The article provides a comparative analysis of the oral and written versions of the history of St. Nicholas Church. 

In 2007, the new Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was consecrated in Mednogorsk. The authors analyze the distribution of functions between the two St. Nicholas churches in the small town in the post-Soviet period. The conclusion is drawn about the interpenetration of the historical, cultural and religious heritage of the city, which originated as a settlement near a copper-sulfur plant. Additionally, it is suggested that the church component of Mednogorsk’s history allows for the interpretation of its Soviet period as an alternative version of Soviet industrialization in a small factory town.
Stylish, trendy, Orthodox: the experience of researching the coffee shop “ANTIПА”
Authors: Ostapenko[ Dana
Published: September 2024

The article describes the experience of field research conducted during 2023–2024 on the territory of the church of the Holy Martyr Antipas of Pergamon in Kolymazhny Dvor (Moscow), where the “ANTIPA” coffee shop is located. The research addresses the issues of creation, organization, functioning and structure of the public space initiated and supervised by a religious community, as well as social agents who interact with it. The coffee shop “ANTIPA” is proposed to be examined through the lens of five aspects: 1) spatial, 2) social, 3) aesthetic, 4) organizational, 5) economic and labor. The church complex’s adjacent territory can be characterized as a secular space with religious elements, which performs the following functions: 1) a meeting place (as a point on the map where people can meet), 2) a place of communication (as a place where one can spend time socializing), 3) a mediator between the city and religion (as a place that allows residents and visitors of the capital to encounter the religious).
Win-win for Whom? Power and Inequality in the Chilean Wine and Farmed Salmon Value Chains
Authors:   , Lang Juliane
Published: September 2024

Global Value Chains (GVCs) are often heralded as providing win-win solutions for economic development in the Global South. Dominant approaches to GVC analysis promote participation and upgrading in GVCs to fuel economic growth, benefit poverty reduction, and reduce global inequality. Simultaneously, in business and NGO circles, GVCs are often framed as representing an opportunity for powerful lead firms to drive change in relation to pressing sustainability and human rights issues. This is contrasted by a growing body of scholarly research pointing to the hidden social and environmental costs of GVCs, and their contributions to inequality – globally and within countries of the Global South. GVC research has shown remarkable potential in providing insights into power relations that are impossible to capture with aggregate trade data. However, GVC research still has a reductionist understanding of value as “value-added” – effectively undermining any meaningful engagement with the processes and mechanisms through which value created in GVCs is captured and (re)distributed. Furthermore, research in this field still lacks a common understanding of what kinds of inequalities characterize GVCs. This dissertation provides a guiding analytical approach to different dimensions of inequality in GVCs – inequality within chains (at the same node), along chains (between nodes), and through chains (in the wider system the chain is embedded in). Drawing on case studies of the Chilean wine and farmed salmon value chains, the dissertation provides empirical and theoretical insights into three mechanisms of value (re)distribution through which power in GVCs creates and reproduces inequalities: (1) intangible assets, (2) sustainability governance, and (3) dis/associations. These mechanisms are found to heighten inequalities between smaller and precariously integrated GVC actors in materially productive segments vis-à-vis more capitalized, larger actors with ownership of key intangible assets. The findings provide a contrasting story to the usual picture of Chile’s agri-food export success, which in orthodox GVC research has been seen to reflect an exemplary case of win-win GVC participation and upgrading.
Formação de alunos-leitores: um olhar sobre nossas práticas de mediação
Authors: Branchi Natália , Alves Izandra
Published: September 2024

São muitas as ações promovidas pelos servidores/as do IFRS, Campus Feliz, que colocam os livros, as leituras e os leitores, constantemente, no centro do debate. Da mesma forma, professores/as da área das linguagens trabalham, constantemente, a leitura do texto literário em suas aulas. Assim, este artigo traz percepções a partir de um projeto de pesquisa[1] A formAção de alunos - leitores no IFRS, Campus Feliz: um olhar sobre nossas práticas de mediação que investigou, através de um questionário semiestruturado, junto aos alunos concluintes do Ensino Médio Técnico (4º anos) e do curso de Licenciatura em Letras Português e Inglês (7º e 8º semestres), da referida instituição, como os/as estudantes perceber am o movimento da leitura e dos livros em sua formação leitora, durante o tempo em que estiveram na instituição e se, de alguma maneira, estas atividades influenciaram em seus gostos/escolhas/vontades para a leitura. Como aporte teórico, nos valemos, principalmente, dos estudos de Rildo Cosson, Jorge Larrosa, Marisa Lajolo e Maria do Rosário Mortatti Magnani acerca da formação de leitores, da escolarização da literatura e do letramento literário. Como resultados principais, destacamos que 65% dos alunos diz em ser leitores e que seus/suas professores/as contam histórias, realizam seminários e debates avaliativos. Quanto às ações promovidas por distintos projetos, 74% afirmam não participar. Assim, avalia-se a necessidade de melhorar as proposições, tanto dos professores quanto dos projetos de modo geral, a fim de interferir positivamente na formação de alunos leitores.

[1]Projeto de Pesquisa vinculado ao Edital nº 13, de 09 de maio de 2022, do IFRS, Campus Feliz.
Análise das práticas de oralidade presentes no material didático do 2º ano de língua portuguesa do Programa Educar pra Valer à luz da perspectiva dialógica da linguagem
Authors: Gonçalves Patrícia Figueiredo , Jardim Silvia Regina Marques
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo, compartilhamos parte dos resultados de uma investigação de mestrado que buscou compreender o diálogo entre as práticas e eventos de letramento sob a perspectiva dialógica da linguagem e o material didático do 2º ano de Língua Portuguesa do Programa Educar pra Valer. O foco deste texto foi a categoria oralidade para responder a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: como as crianças se expressam na proposta de interação verbal presente no material didático do 2º ano de Língua Portuguesa do Programa Educar pra Valer? Como abordagem metodológica a pesquisa foi qualitativa. Os dados foram produzidos por meio da análise documental. Como objetivo pretendeu: analisar, a partir de uma perspectiva dialógica, as práticas de oralidade presentes no material didático de Língua Portuguesa do 2º ano do Programa Educar pra Valer. O estudo teve como base a concepção dialógica da linguagem sob a perspectiva da teoria de Bakhtin (2012), para compreender a linguagem como prática social, histórica, cultural e dialógica. O estudo revelou que as práticas de oralidade são pouco exploradas no sentido de a criança construir significados. Pois, são conduzidas pelas orientações didáticas destinadas à professora, carregada de uma intenção pedagógica comprometida apenas com a aprendizagem da linguística/gramática. Como mostra a análise, o estímulo à oralidade é moldado por orientações e intenções pedagógicas que não conduzem a criança à construção de sentidos.
 
Palavras-chave: Programa Educar pra Valer; Práticas de oralidade; Perspectiva dialógica da linguagem.
Um olhar para os processos de interação e responsividade em aulas de língua materna e estrangeira
Authors: Silva Amanda Bonfim , Ferreira Valméria Brito Almeida Vilela
Published: September 2024

Neste artigo, defendemos que a sala de aula é um lócus de interação humana, no qual os estudantes desenvolvem habilidades sociais, cognitivas e linguísticas. Assim, buscamos investigar formas de interação e responsividade de uma turma do ensino médio nas aulas de língua portuguesa e de língua inglesa, em uma escola pública localizada no Sudoeste do Estado da Bahia. Para isso, apoiamo-nos nos postulados de Bakhtin (1998; 2011; 2016) e Volóchinov (2017) sobre a natureza dialógica da linguagem, a fim de compreender o fenômeno da interação e responsividade na esfera educacional. Baseamo-nos, também, nos estudos de Dolz e Schneuwly (2004) em torno gêneros escolares e dos aspectos extralinguísticos que permeiam as comunicações entre os sujeitos, dado que os gêneros são práticas sociais que articulam os objetos escolares. Para isso, neste trabalho, valemo-nos dos instrumentos de pesquisa da etnografia, tais como a observação de aulas e anotações em um diário de campo. A partir da análise dos dados obtidos, constatamos que as interações escolares são mediadas por gêneros discursivos, os quais acionam diferentes modos de responsividade diante das atividades didáticas propostas nas aulas de português e inglês, bem como percebemos que há gêneros que promovem mais possibilidades de engajamento por parte dos discentes do que outros.
CONHECIMENTOS DE ALUNOS E PROFESSORES DE CUBA E PORTUGAL SOBRE SOLUÇÕES E MUDANÇAS DE ESTADO
Authors: Carmo José Manuel
Published: September 2024

O projeto Ensino Experimental e Interdisciplinar de Ciências (ENEICEP) foi desenvolvido em Cuba e em Portugal com o propósito de promover o ensino de ciências de tipo prático, experimental e interdisciplinar. Inserindo-se num modelo de Ensino por Mudança Concetual, a sequência de ensino inicia-se por um momento de identificação das ideias dos alunos, que as atividades propostas procuram dar oportunidades para que os alunos explorem as suas ideias e verifiquem a sua solidez. Com este objetivo foi elaborado um questionário aplicado a alunos do 5º ano de escolas cubanas e portuguesas envolvidas no projeto. Com a perspetiva de comparar os resultados obtidos com os alunos com outros intervenientes no processo educativo, o questionário foi também aplicado a professores deste nível de ensino e ainda a grupos de professores em formação nas instituições de ensino superior em ambos os países. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que os alunos de ambos os países não mostram diferenças significativas e apresentam um panorama semelhante de ideias prévias. Constata-se também que os professores e futuros professores se assemelham fortemente aos alunos na resposta aos itens do questionário, revelando padrões semelhantes de ideias prévias e que a formação específica para o ensino de ciências não contribui para um panorama diferente. Os dados da investigação permitem reivindicar a necessidade de um reforço na dimensão “conhecimento pedagógico de conteúdo” na formação docente, bem como a necessidade de atividades de formação que se orientem para a mudança conceptual, focadas nas dificuldades que os alunos manifestam em concreto sobre os tópicos curriculares.
PRÁCTICAS DE ARGUMENTACIÓN PARA LA ENSEÑANZA Y EL APRENDIZAJE DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD
Authors: Angel Bermudez Gonzalo Miguel , García Lía Patricia , Ottogalli María Emilia
Published: September 2024

La argumentación es una práctica científica puede desarrollarse a través de la formación específica en el marco de problemáticas sociocientíficas, para lo que el Esquema del Argumento de Toulmin (EAT) resulta un instrumento lógico y dialéctico privilegiado. En una investigación basada en diseño buscamos contribuir a una educación en biodiversidad que aporte al posicionamiento y toma de decisiones sobre problemáticas que vinculan sus componentes con las características estructurales y funcionales de los ecosistemas locales. Los resultados se analizaron a partir de los datos obtenidos en la fase definitiva y muestran avances en el conocimiento conceptual de la biodiversidad y de plantas y animales autóctonos, aunque la valoración de los componentes de la biodiversidad indica la persistencia de un centrismo en las especies y en los árboles. Los estudiantes elaboraron esquemas EAT, pero con dificultad para movilizar información de gráficas cartesianas con evidencias científicas y para los elementos reserva y justificación de EAT. Los resultados señalan que este tipo de intervención didáctica ofrece ayudas para el desarrollo de los conocimientos y habilidades involucradas, y corroboran el interés de la educación en ciencias por la argumentación sobre cuestiones sociocientíficas como práctica epistémica.
Associations of Diabetes and Prediabetes With Mortality and Life Expectancy in China: A National Study
Authors: Tian Yunli , Qiu Zixin , Wang Feixue , Deng Shan , Wang Yue , Wang Zi , Yin Peng , Huo Yong , Zhou Maigeng , Liu Gang , Huang Kai
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the excess mortality and life-years lost associated with diabetes and prediabetes in China.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This national cohort study enrolled 135,405 participants aged 18 years or older from the general population in China. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted mortality rate ratio (RR). The life table method was used to estimate life expectancy.

RESULTS

Among the 135,405 participants, 10.5% had diabetes and 36.2% had prediabetes in 2013. During a median follow-up of 6 years, 5517 deaths were recorded, including 1428 and 2300 deaths among people with diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. Diabetes and prediabetes were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause (diabetes: RR, 1.61 [95% CI 1.49, 1.73]; prediabetes: RR, 1.08 [95% CI 1.01, 1.15]), and cardiovascular disease (diabetes: RR, 1.59 [95% CI 1.41, 1.78]; prediabetes: RR, 1.10 [95% CI 1.00, 1.21]) mortality. Additionally, diabetes was significantly associated with increased risks of death resulting from cancer, respiratory disease, liver disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis or coma. Compared with participants with normoglycemia, life expectancy of those with diabetes and prediabetes was shorter, on average, by 4.2 and 0.7 years at age 40 years, respectively. The magnitude of the associations of diabetes and prediabetes with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality varied by age and residence.

CONCLUSIONS

In this national study, diabetes and prediabetes were significantly associated with reduced life expectancy and increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks. The disparities in excess mortality associated with diabetes and prediabetes between different ages and residences have implications for diabetes and prediabetes prevention and treatment programs.
Associations of Diabetes and Prediabetes with Mortality and Life Expectancy in China: A National Study
Authors: Tian Yunli , Qiu Zixin , Wang Feixue , Deng Shan , Wang Yue , Wang Zi , Yin Peng , Huo Yong , Zhou Maigeng , Liu Gang , Huang Kai
Published: September 2024

Objective

To investigate the excess mortality and life-years lost associated with diabetes and prediabetes in China.

Research Design and Methods

This national cohort study enrolled 135,405 participants aged 18 years or older from the general population in China. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted mortality rate ratio (RR). Life table method was used to estimate life expectancy.

Results

Among the 135,405 participants, 10.5% had diabetes and 36.2% had prediabetes in 2013. During a median follow-up of six years, 5517 deaths were recorded, including 1428 and 2300 deaths among people with diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. Diabetes and prediabetes were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause (diabetes: RR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.49-1.73]; prediabetes: RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01-1.15), and cardiovascular disease (diabetes: RR, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.41-1.78]; prediabetes: RR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.00-1.21) mortality. Additionally, diabetes was significantly associated with increased risks of mortality from cancer, respiratory disease, liver disease and diabetic ketoacidosis or coma. Compared to those with normoglycemia, people with diabetes and prediabetes lost on average 4.2 and 0.7 years of life at age 40, respectively. The magnitude of the associations of diabetes and prediabetes with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality varied by age and residence.

Conclusions

In this national study, diabetes and prediabetes were significantly associated with reduced life expectancy and increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks. The disparities in excess mortality associated with diabetes and prediabetes between different age and residence have implications for diabetes and prediabetes prevention and treatment programs.
Trends in Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Early Glycemic Control Among Veterans Receiving Care in the Veterans Health Administration, 2008-2019
Authors: Hua Simin , Kanchi Rania , Anthopolos Rebecca , D. Schwartz Mark , Pendse Jay , R. Titus Andrea , E. Thorpe Lorna
Published: September 2024

Objective

Racial/ethnic disparities in glycemic control among Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) veterans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been reported. This study examined trends in early glycemic control (EGC) by race/ethnicity to understand how disparities soon after T2D diagnosis have changed between 2008 and 2019 among cohorts of newly-diagnosed US veterans.

Research Design and Methods

We estimated annual percent of EGC (average A1c<7%) in the first 5 years post-diagnosis among 837,023 veterans (95% male) with newly-diagnosed T2D in primary care. We compared EGC by racial/ethnic group among cohorts defined by diagnosis year (2008-2010, 2011-2013, 2014-2016 and 2017-2018) using mixed effect models with random intercepts. We estimated odds ratios of EGC comparing racial/ethnic groups to NHW, adjusting for age, sex and years of diagnosis.

Results

The average annual percent of veterans who achieved EGC during follow-up was 73%, 72%, 72%, and 76% in four cohorts respectively. All racial/ethnic groups were less likely to achieve EGC compared to NHW veterans in the 2008-2010 cohort. In later cohorts, NHB and Hispanic veterans were more likely to achieve EGC; however, Hispanic veterans were also more likely to have A1c≥9% within 5 years in all cohorts. EGC disparities for Non-Hispanic Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native veterans persisted in cohorts until the 2017-2018 cohort.

Conclusions

Overall EGC trends among newly-diagnosed veterans have been stable since 2008, but trends differed by racial/ethnic groups and disparities in very poor control were still observed. Efforts should continue to minimize disparities between racial/ethnic groups.
Influence of the inner roughness of powder channels on the powder propagation behavior in laser metal deposition
Authors: Bohlen Annika , Seefeld Thomas
Published: September 2024

The powder propagation behavior of powder nozzles for the laser metal deposition process has a significant influence on powder utilization rate and track geometry. A well-focused powder stream will lead to a higher process efficiency and lower material loss. Powder channels with different roughness and a constant diameter of 1.5 mm were placed by wire electrical discharge machining into a copper alloy printed by powder bed fusion. Nickel base powder with a size of −106 to +45 μm was delivered through the powder channels with varied carrier gas flow rates and varied powder mass flow rates. High-speed imaging was used to analyze the powder flow. From these recordings, the dispersion angle of the powder stream from single channels could be measured as well as the velocity of particles. Moreover, the relationship between individual particle velocity and individual particle flight angle was investigated. It was found that the inner roughness of powder channels has a major impact on powder propagation behavior. It could be shown that with a decrease in Ra from 2.16 to 0.27 μm the divergence angle decreased by around 61% while the particle velocity was increased by at least 28% for all varied parameters. Particles with a high velocity tend to have a lower particle flight angle.
ANÁLISIS PARAMÉTRICO DE LA INTERACCIÓN SUELO-ESTRUCTURA EN UNA CIMENTACIÓN AISLADA POR EL MÉTODO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS
Authors: Achá Marco , Moscoso Álvaro , Gonzales Germán
Published: September 2024

La interacción estática suelo-estructura puede considerarse como la mutua transmisión de esfuerzos y deformaciones entre ambos, en este entendido se ha realizado el análisis paramétrico de la interacción suelo-estructura en una cimentación superficial aislada por el método de elementos finitos, con el objetivo de determinar los principales esfuerzos actuantes en estado de servicio, establecer cuáles son las variables con mayor relevancia y proponer valores que garanticen mayor eficiencia en el desempeño de la cimentación. Por medio de los modelos numéricos, elaborados con la versión estudiantil del software ABAQUS CAE, se ha analizado la incidencia del tipo de suelo y forma de la cimentación en los esfuerzos producidos por la interacción suelo-estructura, donde se ha determinado la importancia del área de la cimentación en el cálculo de la capacidad portante del suelo; asimismo, se ha establecido como la estructura de cimentación retiene dentro de sí una parte de los esfuerzos producidos por la estructura per sé, transmitiendo menores esfuerzos al suelo que lo calculado teóricamente.
ANÁLISIS NUMÉRICO Y EXPERIMENTAL DEL TORQUE Y FUERZA AL FRENO DE UNA TURBINA PELTON MEDIANTE LOS MODELOS DE TURBULENCIAS k-ε Y SST
Authors: Salazar Marval Yessica , González–Rondón Yordy , Martínez Johnny
Published: September 2024

En este artículo se presenta la simulación numérica y experimental del torque y la fuerza al freno de una turbina Pelton Armfield FM-32 para diferentes aperturas de la boquilla del inyector que regula el caudal de entrada, con la finalidad de estudiar el comportamiento de la turbina en base a las prestaciones de salida. La metodología consistió en construir la geometría de la turbina Pelton con un software CAD, se elaboraron los modelos físicos con distintos porcentajes de aperturas de la boquilla del inyector (100, 85, 75, 50, 25 y 15 %), se discretizaron los dominios de cálculos aplicando la técnica de mallado no estructurado y se realizaron las simulaciones en estado transitorio aplicando los modelos de turbulencias k-ε y SST. Los resultados numéricos mostraron las curvas de convergencia numérica, el comportamiento experimental y numérico del torque y la fuerza al freno de la turbina Pelton, y el porcentaje de error de los resultados numéricos. Se concluyó que el modelo de turbulencia que mejor se adapta para la estimación de las variables estudiadas fue el modelo SST, lo que representa una mayor confiabilidad y exactitud en los resultados.
EVALUACIÓN DE CALIDAD DE AGUA RESIDUAL TRATADA PARA RIEGO EN EL VALLE ALTO DE LA CIUDAD DE COCHABAMBA
Authors: Echeverría Ivette , Aliaga Gabriel , Saavedra Oliver
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio se enfoca en analizar la calidad fisicoquímica de los efluentes generados por un grupo de Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTAR) situadas en el Valle Alto de Cochabamba para determinar su aptitud de reúso agrícola. Los principales parámetros analizados fueron (SO4)-2, (Cl)-1, (Na)+1, (Ca)+2, (Mg)+2, (HCO3)-1 y (NO3)-1. Además, se estimaron los índices relación de adsorción de sodio (RAS) y porcentaje de sodio intercambiable (PSI). En los efluentes evaluados se encontraron las siguientes concentraciones: 132,00 - 252,00 mg/L de (SO4)-2; 3,02 - 9,48 meq/L de (Cl)-1; 11,79 - 17,59 meq/L de (Na)+1; 40,00 - 100,00 mg/L de (Ca)+2; 75,39 - 92,42 mg/L de (Mg)+2; 153,72 - 473,36 mg/L de (HCO₃)-1; y 17,80 - 37,80 mg/L de (NO₃)-1. Las estimaciones del RAS de los efluentes presentaron valores comprendidos entre 5,41 y 8,01. Los resultados de PSI estuvieron comprendidos entre 6,29-9,55. Debido a sus concentraciones moderadas y en base a la clasificación de los efluentes como C3-S2 según la clasificación RIVERSIDE, los efluentes podrían emplearse para el riego de suelos que tengan un drenaje adecuado. Debido a que ninguna de las plantas de tratamiento realiza procesos de desinfección se recomienda limitar la aplicación de los efluentes a cultivos que no se consuman sin procesar, de tallo alto, forrajeros y de moderada tolerancia a la salinidad. Se recomienda además la aplicación de técnicas de riego que alternen el riego con aguas residuales y otras fuentes de suministro de agua para reducir los riesgos asociados a la salinidad.
ESTACIÓN DE CARGA HÍBRIDA (SOLAR - RED) PARA VEHÍCULOS ELÉCTRICOS DE TRANSPORTE PERIURBANO
Authors: Vargas-Fuentes Miguel Ángel , Sempértegui-Tapia Daniel Felipe , Orellana-Lafuente Renán
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una metodología de diseño de una estación de carga híbrida solar-red para la recarga de vehículos eléctricos, evaluando sus costos e impactos. Este proyecto busca incentivar el uso de transporte público periurbano basado en vehículos eléctricos, reduciendo contaminantes y costos operativos. Para esto, primero se estudió detalladamente la radiación solar incidente mediante cálculos analíticos para estimar la generación fotovoltaica en la ubicación. También se analizó la demanda eléctrica con datos de empresas de radio taxis, estableciendo curvas de carga de baterías en los vehículos destinados al transporte público periurbano. Posteriormente, se diseñaron los circuitos, se seleccionaron conductores y protecciones, y se calcularon sistemas de puesta a tierra y pararrayos según la normativa boliviana. Finalmente, se realizó el análisis tecno - económico de esta propuesta de electrolinera hibrida.
ANÁLISIS DE LA APLICABILIDAD DE MÉTODOS DE LIMPIEZA DE PANELES FOTOVOLTAICOS PARA SISTEMAS DE GENERACION DISTRIBUIDA EN SUDAMERICA
Authors: Llanos Sergio , Orellana-Lafuente Renán , Sempértegui-Tapia Daniel Felipe
Published: September 2024

En la última década, los paneles solares han emergido como una solución clave para mitigar los efectos del calentamiento global y son, por lo general, la primera opción para diversificar la matriz energética en numerosos países. Además, diversos gobiernos de la región están promoviendo la micro-generación para autoconsumo mediante legislación que regula actividades en Sistemas de Generación Distribuida, los cuales tienden a ser mayoritariamente sistemas fotovoltaicos. No obstante, los sistemas fotovoltaicos presentan ciertos desafíos, entre los cuales destaca la reducción significativa de la producción de energía por el calentamiento excesivo de la superficie del panel y por la acumulación de polvo y suciedad. Para mantener la eficiencia de un panel, debe realizarse una limpieza periódica del sistema, lo cual se complica debido a la ubicación de los paneles en sitios de difícil acceso. En este trabajo, se analiza la aplicabilidad de los diversos métodos de limpieza centrándose en el grado de accesibilidad y su posible aplicación en Sistemas de Generación Distribuida en Sudamérica, considerando que es una tecnología emergente en esta región. Este estudio representa el primer paso hacia la propuesta de un diseño de sistema de limpieza de paneles fotovoltaicos que sea técnica y económicamente viable para su uso en Sistemas de Generación Distribuida en Sudamérica a partir de la experiencia boliviana.
Linked administrative data’s role in Victoria’s first social impact investment, journey to social inclusion, working to end chronic homelessness
Authors: Findlay Suzanne
Published: September 2024

IntroductionIndigenous people worldwide are overrepresented and adversely effected by diabetes and its complications. Optimal glycemic control and lipid monitoring is fundamental to the management of diabetes. This study linked population level data to assess monitoring, treatment and control of blood sugars and lipids in First Nations’ people in Ontario.
Objectives and ApproachWe linked 17 Ontario population-based health administration datasets at the individual level with the Indian Register dataset. The latter provides information on all registered or Status First Nations people in Canada . Age and sex-adjusted rates of HbA1c and lipid monitoring were calculated for each 12-month period from April 1, 1995, to March 31, 2015.). We assessed the proportion of individuals with diabetes whose HbA1c and lipid values were controlled. To capture prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs, we used the Drug Identification Number database to identify all antidiabetic drugs and linked these to the Ontario Drug Benefit database to capture prescription information.
ResultsCompared with other people in Ontario, First Nations people with diabetes are monitored less for key indicators of diabetes control. In 2014/15, 37.0% of First Nations people with diabetes living in First Nations communities had their blood sugar levels monitored compared to 45.0% of other people in Ontario. A similar pattern was shown for lipid level monitoring, with 48.3% of First Nations people living in First Nations communities, and 65.8% of other people in Ontario having recorded lipid measurements.
Conclusion / ImplicationsEarly screening for complications and screening for hemoglobin A1c is strongly recommended.
Bringing data to life: A model for involving lived experience in data-driven research
Authors: McKenna Sarah , Nelson Elizabeth , Maguire Aideen
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveIt is generally accepted that involving experts by experience is necessary to deliver research that is relevant to community need and to progress the data democratisation agenda. We have piloted and evaluated a model of co-production for data-driven research with seldom heard groups. 
ApproachIn partnership with the charity Voice of Young People in Care (VOYPIC) and a group of care experienced young people, the Administrative Data Research Centre Northern Ireland (ADRC NI) piloted and implemented a model of co-production in data-driven research. To evaluate the model, interviews were conducted with the young people, staff at VOYPIC, and ADRC NI researchers and public engagement team members.
ResultsThematic analysis of interview data identified numerous benefits and barriers to co-producing data-driven research with experts by experience. We offer reflections from three perspectives (the young people, VOYPIC and ADRC NI), as well as a model that can be adapted with different lived experience groups in other data-driven research programmes.
Conclusion Experts by experience can be equal partners in most stages of the data research cycle, and there are tangible benefits for all partners and the research itself. However, aligning the aspirational principles of co-production with the realities of delivering data research is challenging and has implications for achieving the democratisation of data. 
ImplicationsThis session will share real world perspectives on the co-production of data research with seldom heard groups.
Development of a dictionary of information items inspired by common data models to support health research data access requests
Authors: Whyte Carrie-Anne , La Carmen , Anis Ali , Yang David , Ethier Jean-François , McGilchrist Mark
Published: September 2024

A network of organizations collaborates to provide services to facilitate multi-regional research across Canada. To streamline the data access process, the network is developing a dictionary of information items (InfoItems), providing a label and definition that represent a semantic sourced from an ontology (e.g., “human birth date” from a demography ontology). This allows for a standardized and shareable means to express data requirements. 
Inspired by health-research common data models (CDMs) like those from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) and the Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effects (CNODES), approximately 60 InfoItems were developed by the network. As a pilot exercise, four data centres mapped their data assets to the InfoItems to ensure they are relevant to the Canadian health data context. This has laid the foundation for InfoItems as a basic data harmonization mechanism.
The new InfoItems-based data dictionary promotes the standardization of data asset contents across the network’s data centres. Researchers can use the dictionary to specify a project’s data requirements, establishing details like data availability across multiple regions, for inclusion in their data access request.
The InfoItems dictionary is pivotal in simplifying data access requests, promoting multi-regional research in Canada. This resource can simultaneously safeguard the quality of analytical results and optimize data extraction into existing data models (e.g., health-research CDMs). Ongoing improvements in this area aim to enhance user experience and facilitate quality research.
Maternal immigrant status and survival among children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Miao Qun (Grace) , Dunn Sandra , Wen Shi-Wu , Lougheed Jane , Griffiths Rebecca , Lavin Venegas Carolina , Velez Maria , Walker Mark
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo examine associations between maternal immigrant status and survival of children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
ApproachA retrospective population-based cohort study of hospital live births between April 2002 to September 2020 in Ontario, Canada was conducted at ICES. We identified children aged 0-17 years with a diagnosis of CHD from inpatient and health services datasets. The exposure was maternal immigrant status obtained from the IRCC permanent resident database. The outcome was time-to-death from after birth to <18 years olds. Multilevel Cox hazard regression models generated hazard ratios (HR) for associations between maternal immigrant status and children’s deaths while accounting for hospitals as a cluster factor and adjusting for maternal age at birth, neighbourhood income and education quantiles, comorbidities, a composite of severe maternal morbidity, gestational age at birth, birth weight, and infant sex. 
ResultsRelative to children born to non-immigrant mothers, the adjusted HR for death was 1.17 (95% CI:1.06-1.30) in children whose mothers were immigrants, and 1.33 (95% CI:1.07-1.65) in those from refugees. Moreover, compared to children residing in neighbourhoods with the highest income and educational levels, the adjusted HR of death for children who lived in neighbourhoods with the lowest income and educational level was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.24-1.88) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.18-1.83) respectively. 
ConclusionChildren with CHD born to immigrant and refugee mothers, and those living in low socioeconomic status neighbourhoods had worse mortality. Health policy decision makers should target children with CHD from immigrant/refugee families and disadvantaged neighbourhoods to improve their survival.