bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nocturnal Experiments on Worthless Bodies
Authors: Althofer Jayson
Published: February 2023

Friedrich Engels’The Condition of the Working-Class in England(1845) features a pioneering multisensory ethnography of the factory system. His critique of the industrial revolutionization of light for 24/7 production adapted a contemporaneous Gothic imaginary of the night. InThe Philosophy of Manufactures(1835), Andrew Ure repudiated a physician who condemned night-work’s effects on factory children – “if light is excluded from tadpoles, they never become frogs” – by counter-claiming: “the number and brilliancy of the gas-lights in a cotton-mill” militated against child-labourers lingering “in the tadpole state.” Dispelling Ure’s thinking as blinding fantasy, Engels revealed “the vampire property-holding class” penetrating night-workers with “very powerful light … most injurious to the sight.” He brilliantly anticipated Karl Marx’s demonstration inCapital(1867) that industrial revolutionism, involving capital’s rapid take-up of new lighting technologies, occurred “at the expense of the workpeople.Experimenta in corpore vili, like those of anatomists on frogs, were formally made.”
Au-delà des « vagues » #moiaussi : cinq ans de mobilisation féministe en musique au Québec (2017–2022)
Authors: Blais-Tremblay Vanessa , Champagne Lysandre
Published: February 2023

Cet article dresse le portrait de cinq organisations qui militent pour l’équité en musique au Québec depuis 2017 :MTLWomen in Music, Femmes* en Musique, Lotus collectiveMTLCoop, shesaid.soMTLet le réseauDIG!Différences et inégalités de genre dans la musique au Québec. En s’inscrivant d’abord dans la longue lignée des travaux critiques en historiographie féministe, l’article rend compte de la pluralité des mobilisations féministes et ce, au-delà des « vagues » #moiaussi qui ont ponctué l’actualité musicale québécoise au cours des cinq dernières années (2017–2022). Dans la seconde partie, les autrices détaillent les travaux du réseauD!G, lancé en avril 2021 par Vanessa Blais-Tremblay, et présentent des retombées initiales prometteuses à la fois pour le milieu universitaire et pour les milieux de pratique en ce qui concerne l’épistémologie et les méthodologies de la « musicologie partenariale collaborative féministe ».
"El tercer país" de Karina Sainz Borgo: mujeres tránsfugas en la frontera
Authors: Vásquez Rodríguez Gilberto Daniel
Published: February 2023

Este artículo estudia las fi guraciones de la mujer tránsfuga en la novela "El Tercer País" (2021) de la venezolana Karina Sainz Borgo. Para tal fi n se establecen las relaciones y mecanismos ficcionales alimentados por el fenómeno contemporáneo de la “diáspora venezolana”. Justo en el centro de ese desplazamiento forzado se sitúa a esta mujer que huye, Angustias Romero, hacia una frontera imposible, hacia “un tercer país”, entre los límites fronterizos, entre dos regiones imaginadas, contradictorias. Una región hostil que la expulsa por “la peste del olvido” y otra región incongruente que hace difícil su permanencia en un asilo transitorio interrumpido por la violencia que, sin embargo, encontrará en Visitación Salazar, un auxilio y un modelo de disidencia política en la implantación y defensa de su necrópolis. Estas parias conscientes y modernas (Arendt 2009), estas tránsfugas completan su acción a partir de la metáfora de ese cementerio ilegal: habitado por todos/as aquellos/as que emprendieron la huida y no pudieron llegar al lugar de la esperanza, como diría el personaje de Rulfo. En ese espacio intervenido por una violencia heteropatriarcal extrema, la situación degradada de esa tránsfuga, con su doble estatuto de paria: mujer y excluida política, la convertirán, en el mejor de los casos, en sujeto impelido por el empuje de la solidaridad, en una superviviente ácrata que clama por la dignidad y los derechos mínimos de la vida propia.
The Lost World and The Poison Belt
Authors: Doyle Arthur Conan
Published: February 2023

A heart-stopping adventure tale featuring a brilliant scientist—as insufferably pompous as Doyle's most famous character—and his unlikely trio, and its apocalyptic sequel.

In 1912, the creator of Sherlock Holmes introduced his readers to yet another genius adventurer, Professor Challenger, who in his very first outing would journey to South America in search of... an isolated plateau crawling with iguanodons and ape-men! A smash hit, Doyle's proto-science fiction thriller would be adapted twice by Hollywood filmmakers, and it would go on to influence everything from Jurassic Park to the TV show Land of the Lost. Its 1913 sequel, The Poison Belt, finds Challenger and his dino-hunting comrades trapped in an oxygenated chamber as the entire planet passes through a lethal ether cloud.

Joshua Glenn is a consulting semiotician and editor of the websites HiLobrow and Semiovox. The first to describe 1900–1935 as science fiction's “Radium Age,” he is editor of the MIT Press's series of reissued proto-sf stories from that period. He is coauthor and coeditor of various books including the family activities guide Unbored (2012), The Adventurer's Glossary (2021), and Lost Objects (2022). In the 1990s, he published the indie intellectual journal Hermenaut.

Conor Reid is a podcaster and writer from Ireland. He has published widely on popular fiction and science, including The Science and Fiction of Edgar Rice Burroughs (2018). He is the Head of Podcasts at HeadStuff Media as well as the host and producer of his own critically acclaimed literature podcast, Words to That Effect. The podcast, which has been performed live in both Ireland and the United Kingdom, tells stories of the fiction that shapes popular culture.
Tenacious Beasts
Authors: Preston Christopher J.
Published: February 2023

An inspiring look at wildlife species that are defying the odds and teaching important lessons about how to share a planet.

The news about wildlife is dire—more than 900 species have been wiped off the planet since industrialization. Against this bleak backdrop, however, there are also glimmers of hope and crucial lessons to be learned from animals that have defied global trends toward extinction: bears in Italy, bison in North America, whales in the Atlantic. These populations are back from the brink, some of them in numbers unimaginable in a century. How has this happened? What shifts in thinking did it demand? In crisp, transporting prose, Christopher Preston reveals the mysteries and challenges at the heart of these resurgences.

Drawing on compelling personal stories from the researchers, Indigenous people, and activists who know the creatures best, Preston weaves together a gripping narrative of how some species are taking back vital, ecological roles. Each section of the book—farms, prairies, rivers, forests, oceans—offers a philosophical shift in how humans ought to think about animals, passionately advocating for the changes in attitude necessary for wildlife recovery.

Tenacious Beasts is quintessential nature writing for the Anthropocene, touching on different facets of ecological restoration from Indigenous knowledge to rewilding practices. More important, perhaps, the book offers a road map—and a measure of hope—for a future in which humans and animals can once again coexist.
Correlation of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion with lower-limb kinetic chain function and hop test performance in healthy male recreational athletes
Authors: Almansoof Haifa Saleh , Nuhmani Shibili , Muaidi Qassim
Published: February 2023

Background

The study aims to identify the correlation of ankle dorsiflexion range-of-motion (ADROM) (with its related gastrocnemius and soleus extensibility) with lower-limb kinetic chain function and hop test performance in young healthy recreational athletes.

Methods

Twenty-one young male healthy recreational athletes were tested for ADROM, gastrocnemius and soleus extensibility, lower-limb kinetic chain function with the closed kinetic chain lower extremity stability test (CKCLEST) and hop test performance with the single-leg hop for distance test (SHDT) and side hop test (SHT).

Results

There was a positive significant (rho = 0.514, 95% CI [0.092–0.779], P < 0.01) correlation between the dominant lower-limb weight-bearing/closed-chain ADROM (that represented the soleus extensibility) and the CKCLEST. There were no significant correlations between the study performance-based tests and open-chain ADROM (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The CKCLEST is positively and significantly correlated with SHT and weight-bearing ADROM with knee flexion (and its related soleus extensibility) which suggests comparability among them. Open-chain ADROM has a negligible and non-significant correlation with the readings of this study performance-based tests suggesting that it is probably not an essential construct of their execution. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate these correlations.
Two new genera and four new species of Asterocheridae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with sponges (Porifera) from the Korean East Sea
Authors: Kim Il-Hoi , Lee Taekjun
Published: February 2023

Two new genera and four new species of siphonostomatoid copepods of the family Asterocheridae associated with sponges are described from the Korean East Sea (Sea of Japan). These new copepods are distinguishable from related genera and species by their diagnostic morphological characters as follows: Amalomyzon elongatum n. gen. n. sp. bears an elongated body, two-segmented rami of legs 2, a uniramous leg 3 with two-segmented exopod, and a rudimentary leg 4 represented by a lobe. Dokdocheres rotundus n. gen. n. sp. has an 18-segmented female antennule, a two-segmented endopod of antenna, and unusual setations of swimming legs, including three spines plus four setae on the third exopodal segment of legs 2–4. Asterocheres banderaae n. sp. has no inner coxal seta on leg 1 or 4, but has two strong, sexually dimorphic inner spines on the second endopodal segment of male leg 3. Scottocheres nesobius n. sp. bears elongate female caudal rami about six times longer than wide, a 17-segmented female antennule, and two spines plus four setae on the third exopodal segment of leg 1.
Whole-genome sequence and genesis of an avian influenza virus H5N1 isolated from a healthy chicken in a live bird market in Indonesia: accumulation of mammalian adaptation markers in avian hosts
Authors: Rehman Saifur , Prasetya Rima Ratnanggana , Rahardjo Krisnoadi , Effendi Mustofa Helmi , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Rahmahani Jola , Witaningrum Adiana Mutamsari , Nastri Aldise Mareta , Dewantari Jezzy Renova , Mori Yasuko , Shimizu Kazufumi
Published: February 2023

Background

Influenza A viruses are a major pathogen that causes significant clinical and economic harm to many animals. In Indonesia, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been endemic in poultry since 2003 and has caused sporadic deadly infections in humans. The genetic bases that determine host range have not yet been fully elucidated. We analyzed the whole-genome sequence of a recent H5 isolate to reveal the evolution toward its mammalian adaptation.

Methods

We determined the whole-genome sequence of A/chicken/East Java/Av1955/2022 (hereafter, “Av1955”) from a healthy chicken in April 2022 and conducted phylogenetic and mutational analysis.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Av1955 belonged to the H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1c (Eurasian lineage). The six gene segments (PB1, PB2, HA, NP, NA, and NS) out of the eight segments derived from viruses of H5N1 Eurasian lineage, one (PB2) from the H3N6 subtype and the remaining one (M) from the H5N1 clade 2.1.3.2b (Indonesian lineage). The donor of the PB2 segment was a reassortant among three viruses of H5N1 Eurasian and Indonesian lineages and the H3N6 subtype. The HA amino acid sequence contained multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site. Mutation analysis revealed that Av1955 possessed the maximal number of mammalian adaptation marker mutations.

Conclusions

Av1955 was a virus of H5N1 Eurasian lineage. The HA protein contains an HPAI H5N1-type cleavage site sequence, while the virus was isolated from a healthy chicken suggesting its low pathogenicity nature. The virus has increased mammalian adaptation markers by mutation and intra- and inter-subtype reassortment, gathering gene segments possessing the most abundant maker mutations among previously circulating viruses. The increasing mammalian adaptation mutation in avian hosts suggests that they might be adaptive to infection in mammalian and avian hosts. It highlights the importance of genomic surveillance and adequate control measures for H5N1 infection in live poultry markets.
A Note on the Current Status of the Trans-ungual Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs at a Glance: Formulation Perspective
Authors: Bhairy Srinivas , Momin Alfiha , Pednekar Mugdha , Madan Devendra , Shaikh Ashraf , Bankar Rahul , Pitchika Subrahmanyam
Published: February 2023

The Trans ungual drug delivery (TUDD) system involves the delivery of drugs through the hard keratinized nail plate. Topical treatment is ideal for treating nail diseases because it has localized effects, resulting in fewer systemic side effects and perhaps better adherence. Conventional formulations have failed to promote nail adhesion and medication absorption due to the nail's highly keratinized hydrophilic nature, which obstructs drug absorption. Systemic therapy has several side effects and a high rate of recurrence, whereas surgery is painful and invasive. As a result, there is a definite need to design an efficient TUDD system that allows antifungals to penetrate the nail and reach the infection site at a sufficient concentration and for a longer period of action to eliminate the infection. The system also avoids the oral toxicity of drugs. Several techniques, including physical, chemical, and mechanical, are employed to increase medication penetration over the nail plate. To increase nail adherence, therapeutic action, and bioavailability, several innovative formulation techniques are being researched, including the use of penetration enhancers in traditional dosage forms (gel, solution), novel dosage forms such as films, nail lacquer, and nanotechnology.
Proposal for Educational Intervention in People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and in their Family Caregiver
Authors: Neri Aldo Pelcastre , Vázquez Josefina Reynoso , Lydia López Pontigo , Quitl Inés Tenahua , Chávez Olga Rocío Flores , Zermeño María Del Carmen López , Ledezma Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba
Published: February 2023

Objective: Design a proposal of educational intervention for both, people who live with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and their family caregiver.

Methodology: Methodology. A case series study was conducted with the participation of 12 people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and attending a Mutual Help Group in Pachuquilla, Hidalgo. Sociodemographic data, somatometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference), blood pressure, and capillary blood samples for glycosylated hemoglobin were collected.

Results: The mean age was 64 and range of 39-79 years, O.D. of 12; 67% women; 25% finished secondary school, 50% worked at home, 17% in commerce, 33% unemployed; 58% married, 25% widowed, and 17% divorced and in common law; 33.% with less than 5 years diagnosed, 67% have been diagnosed for more than 5 years; 75% depend economically; 67% have complications, 75% with family support, in diabetes knowledge 33% obtained intermediate score and 67% inadequate score; the weight average was of 77 kg and range of 57-116.5 kg, and O.D. 17 kg; in waist circumference, 100% exceed the recommended limit, in BMI, 50% is classified as overweight and 50% as obese; in blood pressure 50% > 130/80 mmHg and in glycosylated hemoglobin 75% > 7% mg/dl.

Conclusion: The currently implemented strategy does not reflect good knowledge and control of the disease. This study invites us to continue with research where an educational intervention is implemented in which family caregivers are included and active participation is encouraged, in addition to implementing the IEP as a theoretical basis for the intervention.
Relationship between Uric Acid, Creatinine, Urea and Triglyceride Production in Gout
Authors: Ali Fattma A. , Tahir Noor Abdul-Kareem , George Tarza Raad , Ibrahim Aisha Abdul-Kareem , Yakob Nora Abdul-Kareem , Toma Mariam Emad
Published: February 2023

Background: Gout is a disorder that manifests as a spectrum of clinical and pathologic features built on a foundation of an excess body burden of uric acid, Hyperuricemia and gout are two of the most common metabolic diseases, there has been an increase in the prevalence and has attracted attention as an adult lifestyle-associated disease.

Objective: The present study was carried to determine the prevalence of goat and uric acid, creatinine, urea, and triglyceride production in patients with hyperuricemia.

Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study was done to examine associative between (November 2017 to February 2018). Totally 66 patient attended from ( Hawler Private Hospital, Rezgari Governmental Hospital, Ankawa Private Laboratory) in Erbil and may have hyperuricemia  can be developed to gout disease from both males (32) and females (34) .the age 18 up to 70 who included in this study. Biochemical tests were performed for all patients (uric acid test, urea test, creatinine test, triglyceride test). These samples were analyzed by using blood serum rather than urine.

Results: In male statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high uric acid and age, the age group (41-60) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05), and in female statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high uric acid and age, the age group (61-80) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05). In male statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high creatinine and age , the age group (41-60) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05),  in female statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high creatinine and age, the two age groups (41-60) & (61-80) years were significantly higher compared to other age group (P < 0.05). In male statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high urea and age, the age group (41-60) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05), in female statistical analysis showed that non-significant correlation between high urea and age groups (P > 0.05). In male statistical analysis showed that significant correlation between high TG and age , the age group (41-60) years was significantly higher compared to other age groups (P < 0.05), in female statistical analysis showed that non-significant correlation between high TG and age groups  (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: gout is a very common form of arthritis might be increasing hinderance of activity of daily living, lifestyle and environmental factors. Although not life-threatening, it has a significant impact on quality of life. The results provide support for possible linkage of influencing creatinine and triglyceride and uric acid and triglyceride with gout.
History of Low Hourly Wage and All-Cause Mortality Among Middle-aged Workers
Authors: Kezios Katrina L. , Lu Peiyi , Calonico Sebastian , Al Hazzouri Adina Zeki
Published: February 2023

Importance

Earning a low wage is an increasingly recognized public health concern, yet little research exists on the long-term health consequences of sustained low-wage earning.

Objective

To examine the association of sustained low-wage earning and mortality in a sample of workers with hourly wage reported biennially during peak midlife earning years.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This longitudinal study included 4002 US participants, aged 50 years or older, from 2 subcohorts of the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2018) who worked for pay and reported earning hourly wages at 3 or more time points during a 12-year period during their midlife (1992-2004 or 1998-2010). Outcome follow-up occurred from the end of the respective exposure periods until 2018.

Exposures

Low-wage—less than the hourly wage for full-time, full-year work at the federal poverty line—earning history was categorized as never earning a low wage, intermittently earning a low wage, and sustained earning a low wage.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cox proportional hazards and additive hazards regression models sequentially adjusted for sociodemographics, and economic and health covariates were used to estimate associations between low-wage history and all-cause mortality. We examined interaction with sex or employment stability on multiplicative and additive scales.

Results

Of the 4002 workers (aged 50-57 years at the beginning of exposure period and 61-69 years at the end), 1854 (46.3%) were female; 718 (17.9%) experienced employment instability; 366 (9.1%) had a history of sustained low-wage earning; 1288 (32.2%) had intermittent low-wage earning periods; and 2348 (58.7%) had never earned a low wage. In unadjusted analyses, those who had never earned low wages experienced 199 deaths per 10 000 person-years, those with intermittent low wages, 208 deaths per 10 000 person-years, and those with sustained low wages, 275 deaths per 10 000 person-years. In models adjusted for key sociodemographic variables, sustained low-wage earning was associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07-1.71) and excess deaths (66; 95% CI, 6.6-125); these findings were attenuated with additional adjustments for economic and health covariates. Significant excess death and elevated mortality risk were observed for workers with sustained low-wage exposure and employment fluctuations (eg, for sustained low-wage × employment fluctuated, HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.35-3.53; for sustained low-wage × stable employment, HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.89,-1.54; P for interaction = .003).

Conclusions and Relevance

Sustained low-wage earning may be associated with elevated mortality risk and excess deaths, especially when experienced alongside unstable employment. If causal, our findings suggest that social and economic policies that improve the financial standing of low-wage workers (eg, minimum wage laws) could improve mortality outcomes.
Aspirin Discontinuation at 24 to 28 Weeks’ Gestation in Pregnancies at High Risk of Preterm Preeclampsia
Authors: Mendoza Manel , Bonacina Erika , Garcia-Manau Pablo , López Monica , Caamiña Sara , Vives Àngels , Lopez-Quesada Eva , Ricart Marta , Maroto Anna , de Mingo Laura , Pintado Elena , Ferrer-Costa Roser , Martin Lourdes , Rodríguez-Zurita Alicia , Garcia Esperanza , Pallarols Mar , Vidal-Sagnier Laia , Teixidor Mireia , Orizales-Lago Carmen , Pérez-Gomez Adela , Ocaña Vanesa , Puerto Linda , Millán Pilar , Alsius Mercè , Diaz Sonia , Maiz Nerea , Carreras Elena , Suy Anna
Published: February 2023

Importance

Aspirin reduces the incidence of preterm preeclampsia by 62% in pregnant individuals at high risk of preeclampsia. However, aspirin might be associated with an increased risk of peripartum bleeding, which could be mitigated by discontinuing aspirin before term (37 weeks of gestation) and by an accurate selection of individuals at higher risk of preeclampsia in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Objective

To determine whether aspirin discontinuation in pregnant individuals with normal soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase–1 to placental growth factor (sFlt-1:PlGF) ratio between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation was noninferior to aspirin continuation to prevent preterm preeclampsia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase 3, noninferiority trial conducted in 9 maternity hospitals across Spain. Pregnant individuals (n = 968) at high risk of preeclampsia during the first-trimester screening and an sFlt-1:PlGF ratio of 38 or less at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were recruited between August 20, 2019, and September 15, 2021; of those, 936 were analyzed (intervention: n = 473; control: n = 463). Follow-up was until delivery for all participants.

Interventions

Enrolled patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to aspirin discontinuation (intervention group) or aspirin continuation until 36 weeks of gestation (control group).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Noninferiority was met if the higher 95% CI for the difference in preterm preeclampsia incidences between groups was less than 1.9%.

Results

Among the 936 participants, the mean (SD) age was 32.4 (5.8) years; 3.4% were Black and 93% were White. The incidence of preterm preeclampsia was 1.48% (7/473) in the intervention group and 1.73% (8/463) in the control group (absolute difference, −0.25% [95% CI, −1.86% to 1.36%]), indicating noninferiority.

Conclusions and Relevance

Aspirin discontinuation at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation was noninferior to aspirin continuation for preventing preterm preeclampsia in pregnant individuals at high risk of preeclampsia and a normal sFlt-1:PlGF ratio.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03741179 and ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu Identifier: 2018-000811-26
Intermediate variable‐based adaptive fault estimation for a class of Lipschitz nonlinear systems
Authors: Han Luxia , Huang Sheng‐Juan
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the problem of fault estimation based on intermediate variable‐based adaptive observer for a class of nonlinear systems with Lipschitzian nonlinearities and faults is studied. An adaptive observer based on lower triangular matrix transformation is proposed, which comprise the output derivatives information so as to enhance the accuracy and speed of fault estimation effectually. The designed observer can be simplified to the lower triangular estimation observer, and is superior to the comprehensive estimation observer in the related literature. In addition, a more general error dynamics is derived based on the improved adaptive estimation observer, which makes it less conservative to obtain stability conditions. The uniformly ultimately bounded stability conditions of the estimated error dynamics are given by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method.
The Efficacy of Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Peiqi , Zhang Yuchen , Li Fanlian , Cai Feihong , Xiao Bin , Yang Huayuan
Published: February 2023

This study aims to evaluate the comparative efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) and analgesics in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and provide evidence‐based medical support for EA for the treatment of KOA. Randomized controlled trials from January 2012 to December 2021 are included in electronic databases. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials is used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies, while the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation is used to assess the quality of evidence. Statistical analyses are performed using Review Manager V5.4. There are 1616 patients from 20 clinical studies, including 849 patients in the treatment group and 767 patients in the control group. The effective rate in the treatment group is significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.00001). In the treatment group, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) stiffness scores are significantly improved as compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). However, EA is similar to analgesics in improving visual analog scale scores and WOMAC subitems such as pain and joint function. EA is effective in treating KOA because it can significantly improve clinical symptoms and quality of life in KOA patients.
Engineering Orthogonal Upconversion through Selective Excitation in a Single Nanoparticle
Authors: Huang Jinshu , An Zhengce , Yan Long , Zhou Bo
Published: February 2023

Orthogonal upconversion with color‐switchable emissions under different excitation conditions provides new chances to diverse frontier applications of luminescent materials. However, the previous orthogonal upconversion systems compulsorily require the precise control of spatial distributions of dopants and host compositions to avoid spectral cross‐talk, greatly limiting their synthesis and application. Herein, a conceptual design is presented to realize the orthogonal upconversion by selectively activating sensitizers and activators in nanostructure. In detail, the 915 nm laser, instead of the mostly used 980 nm, is adopted to activate the sensitizer Yb3+ because of the broad 2F5/2←2F7/2 absorption band; while it is non‐responsive to Er3+, consequently avoiding the spectral cross‐talk due to the simultaneous activation of both Er3+ and Yb3+ under 980 nm irradiation as shown in the previous works. Such a selective excitation strategy is able to realize the red/green, blue/red, and blue/green orthogonal upconversion in a single nanoparticle by simply altering the excitation wavelength from 915 to 1530 nm. More interestingly, it further allows for full‐color output by temporal control of the upconversion dynamics. The findings suggest a facile but effective approach to the design of smart luminescent materials, showing great potential in multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting, information security and biological applications.
Vertical Nonvolatile Schottky‐Barrier‐Field‐Effect Transistor with Self‐Gating Semimetal Contact
Authors: Zhou Yaoqiang , Tong Lei , Chen Zefeng , Tao Li , Li Hao , Pang Yue , Xu Jian‐Bin
Published: February 2023

Emerging 2D nonvolatile Schottky‐barrier‐field‐effect transistors (NSBFETs) are envisaged to build a promising reconfigurable in‐memory architecture to mimic the brain. Herein, a vertically stacked multilayered graphene (MGr)‐molybdenum disufide (MoS2)‐tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) NSBFET is reported. The semimetal WTe2 with the charge‐trapping effect enables the simultaneous integration of the electrode and the self‐gating function. The effective Schottky barrier height offset ΔΦB is programed from ΔΦB‐p = 132.6 meV to ΔΦB‐n = 109.4 meV, inducing the reversed built‐in electric field to make the NSBFET, so as to provide one with a multifunctional platform to integrate the nonvolatility and the reconfigurable self‐powered photo response. The reversible open‐circuit voltages of NSBFET synapse are programmed from −0.1 to 0.25 V and the self‐powered responsivity with reversed signs is tuned from 290 to −50 mA W−1, which enables the representation of a signed weight in a single device to enrich multiple optical sensing and computing capabilities.
Prevention of Carbon Corrosion by TiC Formation on Ti Current Collector in Seawater Batteries
Authors: Cho Yoonjong , Park Jeongwoo , Lee Wang‐Geun , Park Jaehyun , Shin Kwangho , Song Inwoo , Lee Geonwoo , Cho Jihun , Kang Seok Ju , Kim Youngsik , Baek Myung‐Jin , Lee Dong Woog
Published: February 2023

Seawater batteries (SWBs) are a type of sodium‐air batteries that use abundant seawater as the source of the catholyte. A cathode current collector in traditional SWBs is composed of titanium (Ti) and carbon‐based current collectors. The high contact resistance between Ti and carbon‐based current collectors as well as the slow kinetics of oxygen evolution and reduction reactions increase the overpotential, resulting in side reactions such as carbon corrosion. To enhance the performance of SWBs, previous studies have focused on carbon current collectors, catalysts, and polymer binders, while ignoring the importance of Ti. In this study, a facile carbon diffusion technique is employed to successfully form titanium carbide (TiC) on the surface of Ti. SWBs with engineered Ti demonstrate considerably improved performance (four times higher cycling stability, 30% increased power performance, 40% reduced voltage gap) in relation to those with pristine Ti. This significantly improved electrochemical performance is found to be attributable to the prevention of carbon corrosion due to i) the reduction of contact resistance (owing to rough TiC surface) and ii) the electrocatalytic effect of TiC. Finally, engineered Ti is applied to large‐area SWBs and its potential applicability in energy storage systems is confirmed.
Antiambipolar Transistor with Double Negative Differential Transconductances for Organic Quaternary Logic Circuits
Authors: Panigrahi Debdatta , Hayakawa Ryoma , Wakayama Yutaka
Published: February 2023

Organic integrated circuits have emerged as potential candidates for next‐generation computing technology because of their low‐cost production, light weight, and mechanical flexibility. However, the incompatibility of organic devices with modern lithographic techniques leads to a major bottleneck, that is, low integration density. Herein, it is attempted to solve this issue by developing an organic quaternary inverter that exhibits four distinguishable logic states and thus, can significantly improve the level of device integration. The key component of the inverter is a double‐peaked antiambipolar transistor (DAAT) with a double sequential negative differential transconductance characteristic. First, the DAAT is developed by employing two lateral p‐n heterojunctions, namely C8‐BTBT/PTCDI‐C8 and C8‐BTBT/PhC2‐BQQDI, in which three distinct conducting paths are produced in a step‐by‐step manner in accordance with the increase in the gate voltage (VG). Next, the quaternary inverter circuit is implemented by connecting the DAAT with an n‐type transistor. The inverter exhibits four logic states with a complete drain voltage to ground voltage sweep. Finally, a strategy of optimizing the thickness of the PTCDI‐C8 layer to improve the voltage transfer characteristics of the quaternary inverters is demonstrated. This study, thus, represents a step toward the development of high‐performance organic integrated circuits.
Multiple Quantum States Induced in 1T‐TaSe2 by Controlling the Stacking Order of Charge Density Waves
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhao Bingbing , Ming Xing , Si Chen
Published: February 2023

Van der Waals (vdW) materials afford unprecedented opportunities for control of electronic properties by utilizing the stacking degree of freedom. An intriguing frontier, largely unexplored, is the stacking of charge density wave (CDW) phases that is a broken‐symmetry state with periodically modulated charge density and the atomic lattice. Employing density functional theory, it is uncovered that the stacking order can play a significant role in the quantum phase transitions of layered 1T‐TaSe2 with a striking 2D CDW order. By controlling the vertical stacking order of CDWs, bulk 1T‐TaSe2 can host various electronic phases including quasi‐1D and 3D metals and band insulators. Particularly, the ground‐state stacking configuration shows 3D metallicity due to the enhanced intralayer and interlayer electron hopping, and the second lowest energy configuration shows band insulating behavior via interlayer dimerization, implying potential metal‐insulator transition. In ultrathin‐layer 1T‐TaSe2, not only the stacking order but also the thickness dictate the electronic properties. While the monolayer is a Mott insulator, the bilayer (trilayer) is a band insulator (metal). More interestingly, the four‐layer emerges as an insulator or a semimetal dependent on its stacking order. The wide‐tunable electronic properties of 1T‐TaSe2 CDW compound will open a new pathway for designing novel quantum devices.
Materials for Cell Surface Engineering
Authors: Adebowale Kolade , Liao Rick , Suja Vineeth Chandran , Kapate Neha , Lu Andrew , Gao Yongsheng , Mitragotri Samir
Published: February 2023

Cell therapies are emerging as a promising new therapeutic modality in medicine, generating effective treatments for previously incurable diseases. Clinical success of cell therapies has energized the field of cellular engineering, spurring further exploration of novel approaches to improve their therapeutic performance. Engineering of cell surfaces using natural and synthetic materials has emerged as a valuable tool in this endeavor. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of technologies for decorating cell surfaces with various materials including nanoparticles, microparticles, and polymeric coatings, focusing on the ways in which surface decorations enhance carrier cells and therapeutic effects. Key benefits of surface‐modified cells include protecting the carrier cell, reducing particle clearance, enhancing cell trafficking, masking cell‐surface antigens, modulating inflammatory phenotype of carrier cells, and delivering therapeutic agents to target tissues. While most of these technologies are still in the proof‐of‐concept stage, the promising therapeutic efficacy of these constructs from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies has laid a strong foundation for eventual clinical translation. Cell surface engineering with materials can imbue a diverse range of advantages for cell therapy, creating opportunities for innovative functionalities, for improved therapeutic efficacy, and transforming the fundamental and translational landscape of cell therapies.
Liquid Crystal Elastomer Based Dexterous Artificial Motor Unit
Authors: Wang Yang , He Qiguang , Wang Zhijian , Zhang Shengjia , Li Chenghai , Wang Zijun , Park Yong‐Lae , Cai Shengqiang
Published: February 2023

Despite the great advancement in designing diverse soft robots, they are not yet as dexterous as animals in many aspects. One challenge is that they still lack the compact design of an artificial motor unit with a great comprehensive performance that can be conveniently fabricated, although many recently developed artificial muscles have shown excellent properties in one or two aspects. Herein, an artificial motor unit is developed based on gold‐coated ultrathin liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) film. Subject to a voltage, Joule heating generated by the gold film increases the temperature of the LCE film underneath and causes it to contract. Due to the small thermal inertial and electrically controlling method of the ultrathin LCE structure, its cyclic actuation speed is fast and controllable. It is shown that under electrical stimulation, the actuation strain of the LCE‐based motor unit reaches 45%, the strain rate reaches 750%/s, and the output power density is as high as 1360 W kg‐1. It is further demonstrated that the LCE‐based motor unit behaves like an actuator, a brake, or a nonlinear spring on demand, analogous to most animal muscles. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept, multiple highly dexterous artificial neuromuscular systems are demonstrated using the LCE‐based motor unit.
Enhancement of Charge Separation and NIR Light Harvesting through Construction of 2D–2D Bi4O5I2/BiOBr:Yb3+, Er3+ Z‐Scheme Heterojunctions for Improved Full‐Spectrum Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Li Yongjin , Ma Junhao , Xu Liang , Liu Tong , Xiao Taizhong , Chen Daomei , Song Zhiguo , Qiu Jianbei , Zhang Yueli
Published: February 2023

Developing full‐spectrum photocatalysts with simultaneous broadband light absorption, excellent charge separation, and high redox capabilities is becoming increasingly significant. Herein, inspired by the similarities in crystalline structures and compositions, a unique 2D–2D Bi4O5I2/BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ (BI‐BYE) Z‐scheme heterojunction with upconversion (UC) functionality is successfully designed and fabricated. The co‐doped Yb3+ and Er3+ harvest near‐infrared (NIR) light and then convert it into visible light via the UC function, expanding the optical response range of the photocatalytic system. The intimate 2D–2D interface contact provides more charge migration channels and enhances the Förster resonant energy transfer of BI‐BYE, leading to significantly improved NIR light utilization efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results confirm that the Z‐scheme heterojunction is formed and that this heterojunction endows the BI‐BYE heterostructure with high charge separation and strong redox capability. Benefit from these synergies, the optimized 75BI‐25BYE heterostructure exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance for Bisphenol A (BPA) degradation under full‐spectrum and NIR light irradiation, outperforming BYE by 6.0 and 5.3 times, respectively. This work paves an effective approach for designing highly efficient full‐spectrum responsive Z‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with UC function.
Ligand‐Triggered Self‐Assembly of Flexible Carbon Dot Nanoribbons for Optoelectronic Memristor Devices and Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Ai Lin , Pei Yifei , Song Ziqi , Yong Xue , Song Haoqiang , Liu Gongjie , Nie Mingjun , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Yan Xiaobing , Lu Siyu
Published: February 2023

Carbon dots (CDs) are widely utilized in sensing, energy storage, and catalysis due to their excellent optical, electrical and semiconducting properties. However, attempts to optimize their optoelectronic performance through high‐order manipulation have met with little success to date. In this study, through efficient packing of individual CDs in two‐dimensions, the synthesis of flexible CDs ribbons is demonstrated technically. Electron microscopies and molecular dynamics simulations, show the assembly of CDs into ribbons results from the tripartite balance of π–π attractions, hydrogen bonding, and halogen bonding forces provided by the superficial ligands. The obtained ribbons are flexible and show excellent stability against UV irradiation and heating. CDs ribbons offer outstanding performance as active layer material in transparent flexible memristors, with the developed devices providing excellent data storage, retention capabilities, and fast optoelectronic responses. A memristor device with a thickness of 8 µm shows good data retention capability even after 104 cycles of bending. Furthermore, the device functions effectively as a neuromorphic computing system with integrated storage and computation capabilities, with the response speed of the device being less than 5.5 ns. These properties create an optoelectronic memristor with rapid Chinese character learning capability. This work lays the foundation for wearable artificial intelligence.
Blue‐Emitting 2‐Fluoroaryl‐1,2,3‐Triazole Fluorophores: Synthesis, Theoretical Calculations, and Optical Properties
Authors: Lavrinchenko Igor A. , Moseev Timofey D. , Seleznev Yuri A. , Varaksin Mikhail V. , Tsmokaluk Anton N. , Charushin Valery N. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: February 2023

A convenient multistep synthetic methodology to afford prospective push‐pull fluorophores based on the N(2)‐fluoroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazole scaffold as valuable functional blocks in the design of blue‐emitting organic materials is reported. The strategy includes five synthetic steps with yields of 60–99% at each stage. The obtained photoactive molecules, 2‐fluoroaryl‐5‐aryl‐4‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, were found to possess a blue‐violet emission in the range of λ=330–440 nm and the absolute quantum yield of >99% in solvents of different polarities. The electron transfer mechanistic features in the excited states for the developed N(2)‐fluoroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles compared to the 1,2,3‐triazoles‐1‐oxide analogues were also studied by using DFT and CIS calculations.
Reactivities of α‐Oxo BMIDA Gold Carbenes Generated by Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidation of BMIDA‐Terminated Alkynes
Authors: Zheng Yang , Jiang Jingxing , Li Yue , Wei Yongliang , Zhang Junqi , Hu Jundie , Ke Zhuofeng , Xu Xinfang , Zhang Liming
Published: February 2023

An oxidative strategy is reported to access α‐oxo BMIDA gold carbenes directly from BMIDA‐terminated alkynes. Besides offering expedient access to seldom studied boryl metal carbenes, these BMIDA gold carbene species undergo facile insertions into methyl, methylene, methine, and benzylic C−H bonds in the absence of the Thorpe–Ingold effect. They also undergo efficient OH insertion, cyclopropanation, and F−C alkylations. This chemistry provides rapid access to structurally diverse α‐BMIDA ketones, which are scarcely documented. In combination with DFT studies, the role of BMIDA is established to be an electron‐donating group that attenuates the high electrophilicity of the gold carbene center.
Direct N−H Activation to Generate Nitrogen Radical for Arylamine Synthesis via Quantum Dots Photocatalysis
Authors: Gan Qi‐Chao , Qiao Jia , Zhou Chao , Ci Rui‐Nan , Guo Jia‐Dong , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: February 2023

Represented herein is the first example of N‐radical generation direct from N−H bond activation under mild and redox‐neutral conditions. The in situ generated N‐radical intercepts a reduced heteroarylnitrile/aryl halide for C−N bond formation under visible‐light irradiation of quantum dots (QDs). A series of aryl and alkylamines with heteroarylnitriles/aryl halides exhibit high efficiency, site‐selectivity and good functional‐group tolerance. Moreover, consecutive C−C and C−N bond formation using benzylamines as substrates is also achieved, producing N‐aryl‐1,2‐diamines with H2 evolution. The redox‐neutral conditions, broad substrate scope, and efficiency of N‐radical formation are advantageous for organic synthesis.
When It's Heavier: Interfacial and Solvation Chemistry of Isotopes in Aqueous Electrolytes for Zn‐ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Xuan , Dai Yuhang , Zhang Chengyi , Zhang Yixuan , Zong Wei , Zhang Wei , Chen Ruwei , Zhu Jiexin , Hu Xueying , Wang Mingyue , Chen Ruizhe , Du Zijuan , Guo Fei , Dong Haobo , Liu Yiyang , He Hongzhen , Zhao Siyu , Zhao Fangjia , Li Jianwei , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J. , He Guanjie
Published: February 2023

The electrochemical effect of isotope (EEI) of water is introduced in the Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) electrolyte to deal with the challenge of severe side reactions and massive gas production. Due to the low diffusion and strong coordination of ions in D2O, the possibility of side reactions is decreased, resulting in a broader electrochemically stable potential window, less pH change, and less zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS) generation during cycling. Moreover, we demonstrate that D2O eliminates the different ZHS phases generated by the change of bound water during cycling because of the consistently low local ion and molecule concentration, resulting in a stable interface between the electrode and electrolyte. The full cells with D2O‐based electrolyte demonstrated more stable cycling performance which displayed ∼100 % reversible efficiencies after 1,000 cycles with a wide voltage window of 0.8–2.0 V and 3,000 cycles with a normal voltage window of 0.8–1.9 V at a current density of 2 A g−1.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Sulfimides through the O‐Alkylation of Enantioenriched Sulfinamides and Addition of Carbon Nucleophiles
Authors: Tsuzuki Saori , Kano Taichi
Published: February 2023

Chiral sulfimides, the aza‐analogues of sulfoxides, are valuable compounds in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report an efficient method for preparing chiral sulfimides from easily available enantioenriched sulfinamides. The key step of this method is a stereospecific oxygen‐selective alkylation of enantioenriched sulfinamides, which is accomplished by using isopropyl iodide, K2CO3, and DMPU. The resulting chiral sulfinimidate esters are transformed to chiral sulfimides by the nucleophilic addition of the Grignard reagents under simple conditions. This transformation enables access to the enantioenriched diaryl or dialkyl sulfimides bearing two similar carbon substituents, which are difficult to synthesize by previous methods.
Immunogenen Zelltod induzierende Metallkomplexe für die Krebstherapie
Authors: Zhang Lingpu , Montesdeoca Nicolás , Karges Johannes , Xiao Haihua
Published: February 2023

Krebs ist eine der tödlichsten Krankheiten weltweit. Jüngste Statistiken haben gezeigt, dass Metastasen und Tumorrückfälle die Hauptursachen für krebsbedingte Todesfälle sind. Während herkömmliche Behandlungen in der Lage sind den Primärtumor effizient zu entfernen, sind sekundäre Tumore nach wie vor nur schwer zugänglich. Aus diesem Grund besteht ein dringender Bedarf an neuen Behandlungsmethoden. Zu den vielversprechendsten Ansätzen gehören immunogenen Zelltod auslösende Wirkstoffe, die in der Lage sind, sowohl den lokalen Zelltod der Krebszellen zu bewirken als auch eine Immunreaktion im gesamten Organismus hervorzurufen. Vorläufige Studien haben gezeigt, dass immunogenen Zelltod auslösende Verbindungen in der Lage sein könnten, metastasierende und rückfällige Tumore zu bekämpfen. In diesem Artikel wird die Anwendung von Metallkomplexen als immunogenen Zelltod auslösende Verbindungen systematisch untersucht.