bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF CLOTHING MANUFACTURERS OF HALAL PRODUCTS IN THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY, (STUDY ON CLOTHING PRODUCERS IN THE CITY OF MATARAM)
Authors: Hanafi Syahrul
Published: May 2020

Halal clothing is one part of the halal industry that is targeted to be developed in Indonesia, given the considerable potential needed such as other halal industrial sectors more than Islamic finance, halal food, halal cosmetics, and halal tourism. Unlike the Islamic finance and halal food industries, knowledge of halal clothing in the community is still very low. Expect limited halal-haram limited only to food and financial problems. This is a challenge in the development of the halal clothing industry in Indonesia.The objectives of this study include 1) To analyze the clothing manufacturer's knowledge of the concept of halal clothing based on the supply chain; 2) To analyze the process of producing clothes and analyze the concept of halal clothing; 3) The views of clothing manufacturers on the concept of halal clothing. The research method in this research is descriptive qualitative. The technique of collecting data using interviews and observations, while to restore the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The research subjects in this study were the clothing manufacturers in the city of Mataram.1) Knowledge of clothing producers about the concept of halal clothing 2) the production process and SOP that are carried out by producers are still very simple, this changes the producers do not have the readiness to carry out the production process based on the concept of halal clothing based on the supply chain; 3) According to the producers voluntary to meet the indicators on halal clothing based on the supply chain. According to the producers, the first aspects that are difficult to agree to include: 1) procurement of halal raw materials; 2) halal warehousing; and 3) SOP for halal clothing.
PENERAPAN UU NO 7 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PERDAGANGAN TERHADAP PRODUK YANG TIDAK BERLABEL BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM (STUDI SUPERMARKET NIAGA CAKRA NEGARA MATARAM)
Authors: Azmin Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Ketidaktahuan konsumen terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan secara substansinya juga menjadikan produk yang tidak berlabel bahasa Indonesia tetap beredar di Supermarket Niaga Cakra Negara Mataram. Sebagaimana hasil wawancara dengan Muhammad Alfan menyatakan: Saya sering membeli obat pembersih wajah yang pada labelnya tidak menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, karena terbiasa dengan hal demikian tidak membuat saya takut akan dampak negatif dari produk tersebut. Walaupun tanpa bisa menerjemahkan informasi yang tercantum pada produk yang saya gunakan tetapi memberikan hasil yang sesuai dengan keinginan tanpa adanya rasa dirugikan. Selanjutnya terkait penerapan undang-undang yang mengatur hal yang demikian Mas Muhammad Alfan menyatakan tidak mengetahui sama sekali.
INTEGRASI NILAI-NILAI ISLAM DALAM PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Suprawan Lalu
Published: May 2020

Produksi mempunyai motif kemaslahatan, kebutuhan dan kewajiban. Perilaku produksi merupakan usaha seseorang atau kelompok untukmelepaskan dirinya dari kefakiran. Sehingga, tujuan produksi dalam Islam adalah untuk mencapai maslahah yang optimum bagi konsumenatau bagi manusia secara keseluruhan. Dengan maslahah yang optimum ini, maka akan dicapai falah yang merupakan tujuan akhir dari kegaiatan ekonomi sekaligus tujuan hidup manusia.
KONSEP GANTI RUGI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Miharja Jaya
Published: May 2020

Ganti rugi terhadap korban perdata maupun pidana, sejak awal sudah disebutkan oleh nas al-Qur’an maupun Hadis Nabi. Dari nas-nas tersebut para ulama merumuskan berbagai kaidah fiqh yang berhubungan dengan dhaman atau ganti rugi. Memang diakui sejak awal, para fuqaha tidak menggunakan istilah masuliyah madaniyah sebagai sebutan tanggung jawab perdata, dan juga masuliyah al-jina’iyah untuk sebutan tanggung jawab pidana. Namun demikian sejumlah pemikir hukum Islam klasik terutama al-Qurafi dan al-‘Iz Ibn Abdi Salam memperkenalkan istilah al-jawabir untuk sebutan ganti rugi perdata (baca:dhaman), dan al-zawajir untuk sebutan ganti rugi pidana (baca:  ‘uqubah diyat, arusy dan lain-lain).Walaupun dalam perkembangannya kemudian terutama era kekinian para fuqaha’ sering menggunakan istilah masuliyah yang tidak lain merupakan pengaruh dari karya-karya tentang hukum Barat. Dhaman dapat terjadi karena penyimpangan terhadap akad dan disebut dhaman al-aqdi, dan dapat pula terjadi akibat pelanggran yang disebut dhaman ‘udwan. Di dalam menetapkan ganti rugi unsur-unsur yang paling penting adalah darar atau kerugian pada korban. Darar dapat terjadi pada fisik, harta atau barang, jasa dan juga kerusakan yang bersifat moral dan perasaan atau disebut dengan darar adabi termasuk di dalamnya pencemaran nama baik.Tolok ukur ganti rugi baik kualitas maupun kuantitas sepadan dengan darar yang diderita pihak korban, walaupun dalam kasus-kasus tertentu pelipatgandaan ganti rugi dapat dilakukan sesuai dengan kondisi pelaku.
PENERAPAN KONSEP AL-QARDH PADA KELOMPOK BANJAR DAGING DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: Aini Rukyal
Published: May 2020

Hutang-piutang ini merupakan sebuah akad yang bertujuan untuk tolong- menolong, bukan sebagai pengembangan modal. Sehingga syarat tambahan atau bunga yang ditetapkan baik secara pribadi maupun kesepakatan kedua belah pihak itu tidak diperbolehkan. Karena hal ini pada dasarnya tidak sesuai dengan prinsip hukum Islam. Akan tetapi kenyataannya, banyak  transaksi  hutang-piutang  yang  dilakukan  masyarakat  enggan untuk membayar hutang dan menganggap hutangnya adalah hal sepele. Praktek hutang-piutang yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat adalah hutang- piutang dengan bunga atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah anakan. Dan masyarakat sudah terbiasa dengan fenomena hutang-piutang.
KONSEP HAK MILIK DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Try Astuti AN Ras , Faisal Andi
Published: May 2020

Capitalism as an economic system that is implemented by most countries in the world today, in fact it gave birth to injustice and social inequalityare increasingly out of control. Social and economic inequalities are felt both between countries (developed and developing countries) as well as insociety itself (the rich minority and the poor majority). The condition is born from the practice of departing from faulty assumptions about the man. In capitalism the individual to own property released uncontrollably, causing a social imbalance. On the other hand, Islam never given a state model that guarantees fair distribution of ownership for all members of society, ie at the time of the Prophet Muhammad established the Islamic government in Medina. In Islam, the private ownership of property was also recognized but not absolute like capitalism. Islam also recognizes the forms of joint ownership for the benefit of society and acknowledges the ownership of the state that aims to create a balance and social justice.
The Political Reform and the Amharic Biweekly Reporter: The Editorial Contents of the Reporter Newspaper in Ethiopia from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Gessese Negesse
Published: May 2020

This research examines the agenda and frames used by the Reporter newspaper editorial coverage of issues and actors before and after the reform in Ethiopia. The study applies quantitative content analysis method and examined 99 (Period 1 = 57 and Period 2 = 42) editorials in all periods. The source of data and the period of data collection were purposely selected. The results indicated that societal issue, government and party issues were frequent in both periods. Professional journalist was the only Author in both periods. More government criticism and more reforms were mentioned before the reform. Compared with editorials published before and after the reform, noticeable changes were observed in government critique, attribution of responsibility frames, human interest frames and economic issue frames. However, content selection, sources of information, mentioned reforms, conflict relationship frames and ideological frames didn’t have relationship with date of publication. Finally, the Reporter editorials coverage did change significantly in many respects, although it is difficult to determine the causes of the changes-economic factors, reduced political control, social changes or globalization forces.
Evaluating the Spread of Fake News and its Detection. Techniques on Social Networking Sites
Authors: Hassan Isyaku , Azmi Mohd Nazri Latiff , Abdullahi Akibu Mahmoud
Published: May 2020

The phenomenon of fake news has become a much contentious issue recently. The controversy regarding this issue has further been intensified by the openness of social media platforms. Via a systematic review, this paper offers a discussion on the spread and detection techniques of fake news on Social Networking Sites (SNSs). A total of 47 articles eventually fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were coded for the literature synthesis. The overall findings from the literature on fake news and social media have been extracted and synthesized to explore the creation, influence and popular techniques and dimensions used for fake news detection on SNSs. The results showed that various entities are involved in the creation and spread of fake news on SNSs, including malicious social and software agents. It was also found that early registered users, old people, female users, delusion-prone persons, dogmatic persons, and religious fundamentalists are more likely to believe in fake news than other groups of individuals. One of the major problems of the existing techniques is their deficiency in datasets. Therefore, future studies on fake news detection should focus on developing an all-inclusive model with comprehensive datasets. Social media users require fake news detection skills especially using linguistic approach. This study provides the public with valuable information about the spread and detection of fake news on SNSs. This is because SNSs are an important avenue for fake news providers.
Thoughts on Antisocial Media. How Facebook Disconnects Us and Undermines Democracy by Siva Vaidhyanathan
Authors: Buturoiu Raluca
Published: May 2020

Research interests in this area have revolved around illuminating the dark side of social networking sites (especially Facebook and Twitter). And the light thrown has at times been quite harsh. Here are a few examples of how Facebook has been being portrayed since 2016: “the biggest threat to our democracy”, as Cambridge Analytica whistleblower Brittany Kaiser1 says; “a digital gangster destroying democracy” (Cadwalladr, 2019); a tool which is “rotting democracy from within” (DemDigest, 2019); a “machine” which “disconnects us and undermines democracy”. The latter are Siva Vaidhyanathan’s words, and they make for a telling introduction to the analysis he develops in his 2018 book Antisocial Media. How Facebook Disconnects Us and Undermines Democracy.
Recent landslides from Iași Metropolitan Area
Authors: NICULIȚĂ Mihai , STOILOV–LINU Valeriu , NECULA Nicușor
Published: May 2020

The creation and analysis of landslide inventories is the basic approach for starting the landslide hazard to risk analysis chain analysis. In order to perform this kind of analysis for the Iași Municipality (North–eastern Romania) we created based on aerial imagery and LiDAR data a landslide inventory of the landslide events that happened in the last 100 years. In total, we identified and delineated 518 landslide events: 51.5% translational slides, 19.7% slumps (rotational slides), 17% flowslides and 11.8% flows. The majority (74%) of the landslides events happened between 1956 and 1984, those before 1956 representing 16%, while those triggered after 1984 representing 10%. This situation reflects the very humid period between 1960 and 1990, when the majority of the landslide events were triggered. Beside the typology we have also identified the triggering factors and we can conclude that rainstorms coupled with previous rainy years were the main triggering factors, especially for Holocene old and relict landslides in areas with land use and anthropic disturbances created by the built up area expansion. The analysis of the landslide area frequency density is showing that the shape of the distribution curve is similar with what was reported in the literature, which is signaling that this inventory can be used further in landslide susceptibility modelling and validation. Further analysis of these events can also pinpoint scenarios for vulnerability and riskanalysis.
Landslide susceptibility assessment using the maximum entropy model in a sector of the Cluj–Napoca Municipality, Romania
Authors: KEREKES Anna–Hajnalka , POSZET Szilárd Lehel , GÁL Andrea
Published: May 2020

The administrative territory of Cluj–Napoca, due to its specific geological and geomorphological characteristics and anthropic activities, has been affected for a long time by landslides. Thus, it becomes necessary to analyse affected areas with different spatial methods, with the aim of generating landslide susceptibility maps. In this research, we studied the most prone area of the city, the Becaș stream watershed, situated in the Southern part of the municipality. The aim of this paper is to generate a valid susceptibility map, to be able to raise awareness about the existing situation: due to human induced activities and rapid urban growth, the peripheral part of Cluj–Napoca becomes more and more prone to mass–movements. We used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model, which was fed with accurate information on the existing landslides and seven landslide–causing factors: slope, aspect, land–use, depth of fragmentation, geology and plan– and profile curvature. The results confirm that the most influential factors are the land use and slope–angle, affected in a large degree by human activities. The accuracy of the generated map was verified using the AUC method, proving a very good performance (0.844) of the applied model.
As histórias que me levam ao projeto “Conhecer Pedalando” e os caminhos de uma aventura no Mestrado
Authors: Tomio Bruno Wilwert
Published: May 2020

O presente texto é uma síntese de um memorial descritivo realiza do para o Mestrado de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica em Rede (Blumenau).
Estudos do crescimento urbano no município de Ihota – SC no período de 1999 – 2019
Authors: Fand Ykeizumi Lara Yumi , Bohn Vieira Isabel Cristina , Aguiar Battisti Kroth Giovana
Published: May 2020

O estudo foi realizado no município de Ilhota, Santa Catarina. Ilhota foi colonizada por imigrantes belgas por volta de 1841 somente em 21 de junho de 1958, Ilhota deixou de ser distrito de Itajaí e passou a ser município, conforme a Lei 348. O objetivo é quantificar de crescimento urbano no município de Ilhota, através de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Para esta quantificação, foram obtidas duas imagens na plataforma Earth Explorer da UCGS dos satélites Landsat-5, uma datada do ano de 1999, e a outra Landsat-8, datada em 2019. O processamento das imagens selecionadas foi efetuado no software Qgis, bandas multiespectrais naturais simuladas, nas combinações R5, G4 e B3 para a imagem de 1999 e R6, G5 e B4 para a imagem de 2019. A classificação do uso e ocupação do solo foi por meio do complemento Dzetsaka Plugin, em cinco classes: vegetação arbórea, vegetação rasteira, solo exposto, urbanização e água. Ao analisar o uso e ocupação dos solos na área de estudo, observou-se que no ano de 1999, 83,57% da área estava coberta por vegetação arbórea e rasteira, decorrido 20 anos, 2019, a mesma cobertura passa a ocupar 73,35%, significando a degradação do bioma Mata Atlântica, na qual se enquadra o município de Ilhota.
Caracterização dos bancos de areia causados pelo assoreamento na Boca da Barra do Canal do Linguado em Balneário Barra do Sul
Authors: Souza Gabriela Cristina , Calcinoni José Eduardo , Beker Fabrício Murilo
Published: May 2020

Este estudo foi realizado no Canal do Linguado, localizado norte estado de Santa Catarina (SC). O delineamento de estudo acondiciona-se em área consolidada no município de Balneário Barra do Sul (SC) para mapear áreas suscetíveis à processos de assoreamento, contempla o Canal do Linguado que vai da Br 280 até a Boca da Barra, local onde o canal encontra a saída para o mar. O processamento das imagens foi efetuado no software Qgis por meio do plugin Quick Map Services e Google Earth.
Ensaio Preliminar da Qualidade da Água da Lagoa de Ibiraquera (SC)
Authors: Sobral Artur , Ferreira Eduardo , Osório Renata
Published: May 2020

A Lagoa de Ibiraquera situada se constitui de um importante sistema lagunar no litoral de Santa Catarina, entre as cidades de Imbituba e Garopaba e é utilizada para vários fins por moradores e turistas. Devido ao processo de ocupação inadequado em suas bordas, a laguna vem sofrendo uma série de impactos ambientais. Assim, estudo visou realizar uma amostragem preliminar da qualidade de água de Ibiraquera no mês de julho de 2019, considerando parâmetros físico-químicos e bacteriológicos, suas correlações e se estão de acordo com a legislação. Realizaram-se coletas em 14 pontos no perímetro lagunar onde analisaram-se os parâmetros pH, Temperatura, Turbidez, Condutividade Elétrica, Salinidade, Oxigênio Dissolvido, Nitrogênio Amonical, Nitrito, Nitrato, Fósforo Total, Fosfato, Sulfeto, Sílica, Detergentes, Coliformes Totais e E. coli em laboratório. Constataram-se valores acimas do máximo permitido pelas Resoluções CONAMA 357/2005 e CONAMA 274/2000 para pH, Coliformes Fecais, E. coli, Nitrato, Sulfeto, Detergente, Fosfato. Encontraram-se correlações significativas entre Temperatura e pH, salinidade e condutividade, O. D. e Sílica, Nitrito e Detergente, Nitrito e Sílica, Coliformes Totais e E. coli.. Para Coliformes Totais, apenas um ponto se apresenteu abaixo do VMP pela legislação. Sugerem-se novos estudos englobando variáveis climáticas e verificando o corportamento dos parâmetros sazonalmente.
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity.
Authors: Martinez-Peinado Nieves , Cortes-Serra Nuria , Torras-Claveria Laura , Pinazo Maria-Jesus , Gascon Joaquim , Bastida Jaume , Alonso-Padilla Julio
Published: May 2020

Background: Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected disease that affects ~7 million people worldwide. Development of new drugs to treat the infection remains a priority since those currently available have frequent side effects and limited efficacy at the chronic stage. Natural products provide a pool of diversity structures to lead the chemical synthesis of novel molecules for this purpose. Herein we analyzed the anti-T. cruzi activity of 9 alkaloids derived from plants of the Amaryllidaceae family.Methods: the activity of each alkaloid was assessed by means of an anti-T. cruzi phenotypic assay. We further evaluated the compounds that inhibited the parasite growth on two distinct cytotoxicity assays to discard those that were toxic to host cells and assure parasite selectivity.Results: we identified a single compound (hippeastrine 2) that was selectively active against the parasite yielding selectivity indexes of 12.7 and 35.2 against Vero and HepG2 cells, respectively. Moreover, it showed specific activity against the amastigote stage (IC50 = 3.31 μM).Conclusions: results reported here suggest that natural products are an interesting source of new compounds for the development of drugs against Chagas disease.
Very low levels of serum anti-Müllerian hormone as a possible marker for follicle growth in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency under hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Kasahara Yukiyo , Osuka Satoko , Bayasula Bayasula , Nakanishi Natsuki , Murase Tomohiko , Nakamura Tomoko , Goto Maki , Kotani Tomomi , Iwase Akira , Kikkawa Fumitaka
Published: May 2020

Background: Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) occasionally present with follicle growth; however, it is difficult to predict exactly which cycles will show follicle growth. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a useful marker for ovarian reserve, is produced in early-stage follicles. Therefore, AMH levels should reflect the presence of small follicles, which are difficult to detect using ultrasonography, and may be useful as a marker for predicting follicle growth in patients with POI. Methods: Using an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, we found very low serum AMH levels in patients with POI. We assessed the follicle growth of each patient during each cycle to clarify the usefulness of measuring serum AMH levels for predicting follicle growth in patients with POI under hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Results: A total of 91 cycles of 19 patients with POI were analyzed in this study. Five patients presented with positive serum AMH levels during the observational periods, and all five experienced follicle growth. Only two of the 14 patients with negative serum AMH levels had follicle growth. Serum AMH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in cycles with follicle growth were significantly higher than in cycles without follicle growth. The median serum AMH level (2.77 pg/mL; 25th, 75th percentiles: 0.0, 9.64) in cycles with follicle growth was lower than the lower limit of detection of conventional AMH ELISA kits. The positive predictive value of positive serum AMH levels for follicle growth was higher than that of FSH (< 10 mIU/mL).Conclusions: Measurement of very low levels of serum AMH using picoAMH assays is useful for prediction of follicle growth in patients with POI under HRT conditions. Trial registration: UMIN-CTR UMIN000029464. Retrospectively registered on April 4, 2018. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000033550
Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns
Authors: Cevidanes Aitor , Cataldo Sophia Di , Martín Catalina Muñoz-San , Hernández Claudia , Latrofa Maria Stefania , Cattan Pedro , Otranto Domenico , Millán Javier
Published: May 2020

Background: Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) comprise a relevant and globally distributed group of disease agents. The aim of this study is to determine de co-occurrence of the most relevant CVBP of veterinary and zoonotic interest, in free-ranging, owned, rural dogs of central Chile, and to evaluate risk factors and potential non-apparent hematological alterations associated to pathogen co-infection by two or more agents.Methods: Nine groups of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) were molecularly investigated in 111 free-ranging, owned rural dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 75% of the dogs. The most prevalent agent was Anaplasma platys (36%), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp; 31%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc; 28%), Trypanosoma cruzi (17%), Leishmania spp. (4.5%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (1%). DNA of Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Piroplasmida and Hepatozoon spp. was not detected. Thirty-eight dogs (34%) were coinfected, either by two (n=20), three (n=7), or four agents (n=1). The most common co-infection pattern was CMhp – Mhc (n=14). CMhp was involved in 71%, Mhc in 58%, and A. platys in 50% of the co-infections. Prevalence of A. platys was higher in juvenile than in adult dogs, whereas the opposite was found for CMhp and Mhc. Adult dogs had five times more probabilities of being coinfected than young animals. Dogs positive for A. platys were infested by a larger number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks than uninfected individuals. At clinical evaluation, most of the animals were considered healthy, with only eight dogs (7%) presenting pale mucous membranes. Co-infected animals showed higher white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count and GGT levels than non-co-infected dogs. Conclusions: Widespread occurrence of and co-infection by CVBP was found in rural free-ranging dogs of central Chile. This study represents the first report of Leishmania spp. in Chile. Clinically healthy but infected dogs as those studied here may act as reservoirs of CVBP, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens to other tick-exposed dogs as well as human beings or wild carnivores.
Development and validation of bile acid profile-based scoring system for identification of biliary atresia: a prospective study
Authors: Zhao Dongying , Zhou Kejun , Chen Yan , Xie Wei , Zhang Yongjun
Published: May 2020

Background: Early distinguishing biliary atresia from other causes of infantile cholestasis remains a major challenge. We aimed to develop and validate a scoring system based on bile acid for identification of biliary atresia.Methods: In a prospective study, a total of 141 infants with cholestasis were enrolled in two sets (derivation cohort, n=66; validation cohort, n=75) from 2014 to 2018. Variables with significant difference between biliary atresia and non-biliary atresia infants were selected in the derivation cohort. Then, a scoring system including those variables was designed and validated. Results: Among 66 patients in the derivation cohort, 34 (51.5%) had biliary atresia. A scoring system was proposed with the following variables: glycochenodeoxycholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid, clay stool, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. The total score ranged from 0 to 41, and a cutoff value of 15 identified biliary atresia with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.94), sensitivity of 85.3%, and specificity of 81.3% in the derivation cohort; these values were also confirmed in a validation cohort with a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 80.0%. Conclusions: The proposed simple scoring system had good diagnostic accuracy for estimating the risk of biliary atresia in infants with cholestasis.
The Effect of Primary Tumor Radiotherapy in Patients with Unresectable Stage IV Rectal or Rectosigmoid Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis for Survival.
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Wenling , Jin Haijie , Dong Hongmin , Chen Weiwei , Li Xiaokai , Li Guodong , Li Leilei
Published: May 2020

Background: To evaluate the impact of primary tumor radiotherapy on survival in patients with unresectable metastatic rectal or rectosigmoid cancer.Methods: From September 2008 to September 2017, 350 patients with unresectable metastatic rectal or rectosigmoid cancer were retrospectively reviewed in our center. All patients received at least 4 cycles of chemotherapy and were divided into two groups according to whether they received primary tumor radiotherapy. A total of 163 patients received primary tumor radiotherapy, and the median radiation dose was 56.69 Gy (50.4-60). Survival curves were estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method to roughly compare survival between the two groups. Subsequently, the 18-month survival rate was used as the outcome variable for this study. This study mainly evaluated the impact of primary tumor radiotherapy on the survival of these patients through a series of multivariate Cox regression analyses after propensity score matching (PSM).Results: The median follow-up time was 21 months. All 350 patients received a median of 7 cycles of chemotherapy (range 4-12), and 163 (46.67%) patients received primary tumor radiotherapy for local symptoms. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the primary tumor radiotherapy group had a significant overall survival (OS) advantage compared to the group without radiotherapy (20.07 vs 17.33 months; P=0.002). In this study, the multivariate Cox regression analysis after adjusting for covariates, multivariate Cox regression analysis after PSM, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis and propensity score (PS)-adjusted model analysis consistently showed that primary tumor radiotherapy could effectively reduce the risk of death for these patients at 18 months (HR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.98; HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.93-1.45; HR: 0.70, 95% CI 0.55-0.99 and HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59-0.94).Conclusion: Compared with patients with stage IV rectal or rectosigmoid cancer who did not receive primary tumor radiotherapy, those who received primary tumor radiotherapy had a lower risk of death. The prescription dose (59.4 Gy/33 fractions or 60 Gy/30 fractions) of radiation for primary tumors might be considered not only to relieve symptoms improve the survival of patients with inoperable metastatic rectal or rectosigmoid cancer.
Kaynaştırma Uygulamalarında Öğretmen Yardımcısının Görevlerine İlişkin Paydaş Görüşleri: Karma Yöntem Çalışması
Authors: ÖZAYDIN Latife
Published: May 2020

Genel eğitim sınıflarında özel gereksinimli çocukların âdil ve eşit eğitim fırsatlarından yararlanması için öğretmen yardımcılarına ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmanın amacı, kaynaştırma sınıflarında çalışan öğretmen yardımcısının görevleri hakkında paydaşların (öğretmen, ÖY ve anne) görüşlerini incelemektir. Çalışma nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin bir arada kullanıldığı karma yöntem desenlerinden eş zamanlı desen ile yürütülmüştür. Paydaşların görüşleri öğretmen yardımcısının yeterliklerinden oluşturulan anket ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları ile toplanmıştır. Anketin katılımcıları (n=127) ve bireysel görüşmelerin katılımcıları (n=24) Ankara’nın üç ilçesindeki resmi ve özel anaokulları ile ilkokulların 1. 2. ve 3. sınıflarındaki özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin öğretmenleri, öğretmen yardımcıları ve anneleridir. Çalışmanın bulguları öğretmen yardımcılarının özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin genel eğitim sistemine erişimini ve derslere katılımını sağlama, akranları ile etkileşimini destekleme, problem davranışlarını önleme, güvenlik tedbirleri alma ve öz bakım ihtiyaçlarını karşılama görevlerini yaparak öğretmene ve öğrenciye yardımcı, iletişimi kolaylaştırıcı, güvenlikçi ve bakıcı rolünü üstlendiklerini göstermiştir.
Influence of coronavirus crisis on food industry economy
Authors: Genkin Artem , Mikheev Alexey
Published: May 2020

Recently, there has been a very rapid accumulation of empirical data of economic indicators of the food crisis associated with the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of this article was to develop a set of measures aimed at minimizing the negative economic impact of the coronavirus crisis (CVC) both at the national and international levels. All these presupposed solving the following tasks. Having studied the nature of the crisis, we found out that it had the greatest impact on such components of food sector as transport, logistic chains, and human resources. We revealed that, first of all, such areas of the economy as fisheries and agricultural production of fruits and vegetables were affected by the crisis. It is obvious that it will also adversely affect small farmers, seasonal and migrant workers, etc. The work proposes the most effective public measures against the negative impact of CVC on the global economy. In particular, we examined the scenario of (possibly temporary) nationalization of operators of critical infrastructure to produce planned critical goods or services. The developed set of measures included limitation of the workers’ rights and freedoms by imposing to them labor duties, or replacing them with military ones, limiting the price of strategic goods, and organizing their consumption and distribution. Possible triggers for the implementation of such a scenario in the agricultural sector are offered, as well as mechanisms of protecting and supporting groups of economic agents affected by CVC are proposed.
A quality index method for squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis (Gray, 1849) preserved on ice
Authors: Hien Bui Thi Thu , Pham Diem Thi , Tuyen Pham Van , Tran Hoang-Dung , Nguyen Thanh Van , Dang An Van , Le Tung Anh , Bat Nguyen Khac , Nghia Nguyen Viet , Nguyen Minh Tu Thi
Published: May 2020

Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis L. is one of the most popular kind of seafood that accounts for about 20% of all cephalopod species caught in Vietnam. This study was aimed at developing a quality index method (QIM) scheme to assess the quality and freshness of Loliginid squids. The new method will be of benefit to consumers, fishers, seafood dealers, seafood industry businesses, and controlling entities. The QIM scheme for Loliginid squids was based on the changes registered for 10 sensory parameters, scoring from 0 to 28. The obtained equation for linear correlation with P-value < 0.05 during storage was Y = 1.083 Xtg + 2.866, with coefficient R2 = 0.99. When preserved on ice, the Loliginid squids proved to have a shelf life of 10–12 days. The QIM program and the quality index equation provided a user-friendly, quick, and efficient scientific-based tool that can specify the storage time and estimate the remaining shelf life for Loliginid squids. The scheme can be combined with other chemical quality parameters of freshness to form a full quality assessment program for Loliginid squids.
The hepatoprotective effect of breads with extracts of plants growing in the Far East
Authors: Smertina Elena , Fedyanina Lyudmila , Lyakh Vladimir
Published: May 2020

Breads with proven hepatoprotective properties can make a significant contribution to preventing liver disease. This work aimed to study hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of breads enriched with water and ethanol extracts of polyphenol-containing viburnum (Viburnum sargentii Koehne L.), magnolia-vine (Schisandra chinensis L.), and grapes (Vitis amurénsis L.). It was based on an experimental model of toxic hepatitis in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. Experimental groups of animals were fed on bread with extracts for 7 days and control groups had a bread-free diet. We analysed their body weight, liver lipid metabolism, “lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection” system, and antiradical activity. The level of reduced glutathione and malonic dialdehyde was determined by micro-thin-layer chromatography. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured to analyse the antioxidant system. The total content of common polyphenols in breads was determined by the colorimetric method with the Folin-Chocalteu reagent. The animals on a bread-free diet showed an impaired lipid metabolism and higher activity of liver enzymes. They had a 22% increase in liver weight and a 1.9 times depletion of antiradical protection (6.65 ± 0.15 Trolox units/mg protein vs. 13.15 ± 0.21 Trolox units/mg protein in the control; P < 0.001). We also registered a 2.5 times decrease in superoxide dismutase, a key enzyme of the antioxidant defence system. The animals fed on breads with the above extracts showed a statistically significant normalization of the parameters, compared to the bread-free group. We found that those breads had hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects on the animals, stabilizing their general condition and normalizing their biochemical parameters and antioxidant system.
Riprap incipient motion for overtopping flows with machine learning models
Authors: Najafzadeh Mohammad , Oliveto Giuseppe
Published: May 2020

Riprap stones are frequently applied to protect rivers and channels against erosion processes. Many empirical equations have been proposed in the past to estimate the unit discharge at the failure circumstance of riprap layers. However, these equations lack general impact due to the limited range of experimental variables. To overcome these shortcomings, support vector machine (SVM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and random forest (RF) techniques have been applied in this study to estimate the approach densimetric Froude number at the incipient motion of riprap stones. Riprap stone size, streambank slope, uniformity coefficient of riprap layer stone, specific density of stones, and thickness of riprap layer have been considered as controlling variables. Quantitative performances of the artificial intelligence (AI) models have been assessed by many statistical measures including: coefficient of correlation (R), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and scatter index (SI). Statistical performance of AI models indicated that SVM model with radial basis function (RBF) kernel had better performance (SI = 0.37) than MARS (SI = 0.75) and RF (SI = 0.63) techniques. The proposed AI models performed better than existing empirical equations. From a parametric study the results demonstrated that the erosion-critical stone-referred Froude number (Fs,c) is mainly controlled by the streambank slope.
Drought response impacts on household water use practices in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Matikinca Phikolomzi , Ziervogel Gina , Enqvist Johan P.
Published: May 2020

Cape Town recently endured a record-breaking drought which nearly ended in disaster for the city's water supply. Municipal authorities introduced several measures to curb water demand using both monetary and other incentives, but little is known about how effective these measures were at encouraging people to save water. Previous literature shows no consensus as to which types of measures are most effective for managing residential water demand. Using information obtained through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 20 individuals living in houses where they paid their water bills, this study provides insights on how respondents interpreted and responded to these mechanisms. Results show that price mechanisms were considered to be ineffective and did not encourage people to save water in their households. Non-price mechanisms were seen as having more impact on respondents, encouraging water conservation behaviour; especially when it comes to household indoor water use activities related to hygiene. While previous studies primarily provide quantitative data to measure the effectiveness of water demand management strategies, this paper adds a qualitative understanding of how and why households' water use practices change in response to these measures.
Water and fertilizer efficiency in a polyculture cropping system under three production systems
Authors: Rodríguez-Jurado Susana , García-Trejo Juan Fernando , Mejía-Ugalde Ignacio , Vera-Morales Juan Manuel , Vargas-Hernández Marcela , Ávila-Juárez Luciano
Published: May 2020

Approximately 40% of the water used in intensive agriculture is discarded as ‘drainage,’ which contains high amounts of ions that pollute the environment. This work aimed at investigating polyculture (tomatoes, cucumbers, and lettuce) under three production systems, namely, open (OPS), soil (SPS), and closed (CPS), in which the drainage water from the first crop was used to feed the second crop, and the water from the second crop was used to feed the third crop. The water and fertilizer efficiencies and some physical–chemical properties of the plants and soil were measured. The results showed no significant difference in the yield for polycultures between the CPS and OPS systems. The most efficient system for water use was the CPS, with 54.85 kg m−3, with a water savings of 55.69% compared to the OPS. The efficiency of fertilizers, such as N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, was statistically higher in the CPS, providing more kilograms of fruit per kilogram of nutrients. The reuse of drainage water in a polyculture not only increased the efficiency of the water and fertilizers but also increased the yields produced per cubic meter of water used, thereby minimizing environmental contamination.
Investigation on the Metabolism of Curcumin and Baicalein in Zebrafish by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
Authors: Yin Shi-Jun , Wang Ya-Li , Chen Hua , Hu Guang , Zheng Guo-Can , Yang Feng-Qing
Published: May 2020

Background:

Curcumin (CUR) and baicalein (BAI) are the main active ingredients in
Curcuma longa and Scutellaria baicalensis, which are used together in Jiang-Qin-Si-Wu decoction to
treat gynecological diseases. On the other hand, zebrafish, as a metabolic model has become more
popular, therefore, the metabolism of CUR and BAI in zebrafish is investigated in the present study.

Methods:

Zebrafish embryos after hatching 48 hours were divided into four experimental groups.
The blank group was exposed to 1 mL of ultra-pure water. Three drug-treated groups were exposed
to CUR (8 μM, 1 mL), BAI (8 μM, 1 mL), CUR and BAI (8 μM, 2 mL), respectively. After
homogenization, they were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/
MS). The structure of the metabolites was determined by comparing their corresponding mass
spectra with those of relevant literature. According to the change of metabolite content, the metabolic
effect of curcumin and baicalein was explored.

Results:

Five and six metabolites of CUR and BAI in zebrafish were identified by LC-MS/MS,
respectively. Their metabolic pathways in zebrafish were glucuronidation and sulfation. Reduction
and methylation reactions also occurred for CUR and BAI, respectively. In addition, after combined
exposure of both the drugs, CUR reduced the BAI glucuronide metabolites and inhibited the
metabolism of BAI in zebrafish, which is consistent with the mammalian metabolism.

Conclusion:

Using LC-MS/MS analysis, zebrafish is a feasible model for drug metabolism study.
The results of metabolic study indicated that CUR might affect the therapeutic effect of BAI.
Characterization of 10 Biogenic Amines in Male Silkworm Moth by HPLC with Precolumn Derivatization
Authors: Fan Mingqin , Ai Yun , Zhao Wenjie , Sun Yanni , Liu Jianli , Zhang Ning
Published: May 2020

Background:

Biogenic Amines (BAs) are biologically active nitrogenous organic compounds
of low molecular weight, which are frequently found in a wide variety of foods, beverages
and herbs due to their toxic potential in humans. Male Silkworm Moth (MSM), a Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM), has been exploited and utilized as nutritious liquor based on its traditional
effects in the Chinese community.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to develop an HPLC with Dns-Cl derivatization method
for characterizing overall BAs in MSM and providing data for further evaluating its activities and
safety profiles.

Methods:

The method has acceptable sensitivity, precision, accuracy, selectivity and recovery, and was
successfully applied to the determination of the BAs contents in MSM for the first time.

Results:

In the analysis of 10 batches of MSM samples, serotonin and dopamine were not found in
detectable concentrations in any samples, and the most abundant amine found was putrescine. The
mean values of tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine,
and spermine determined in the samples were found to be 34.7 mg/ kg, 16.1 mg/ kg, 218.3
mg/ kg, 37.9 mg/ kg, 12.1 mg/ kg, 18.2 mg/ kg, 4.5mg/ kg, and 0.9 mg/ kg, respectively.

Conclusion:

The contents of BAs in 10 batches of MSM were below the maximum recommended
limits, and MSM can be used safely.
The Impact of Community-acquired Pneumonia on Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients as Regards In-hospital Complications and Early Readmission
Authors: Ruby Dina
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:

Pneumonia is a major reason for hospitalization for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients (AECOPD). There is limited data available on the outcomes of AECOPD patients with or without pneumonia. Therefore, the study investigates the prognosis of AECOPD patients with or without Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP), concerning the Length of Hospital Stay (LOS), in-hospital complications and early readmission.

Methods:

This study was carried out on 100 male COPD patients without CAP, 90 patients with CAP who were admitted to the chest department of Ain Shams University hospital over a 1-year period. Data collection about LOS, in-hospital complications, was recorded and they were followed for 30 days to detect acute readmission.

Results:

The mean age was 64± 8 years old in COPD patients without CAP to 62± 12year old in patients with CAP, LOS in COPD patients with CAP was 11.30 ± 3.23 days to 7.57 ± 2.24 in patients without CAP, COPD patients with CAP had a higher rate of complications in comparison to those without CAP as 45.6%, 13% were admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) respectively, 15.6%, 3% were mechanically ventilated respectively. LOS and C- Reactive Protein (CRP) were significant causes for readmission in COPD patients with and without CAP.

Conclusion:

COPD patients with CAP had longer LOS and more short term complications as ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and higher readmission rate in comparison to COPD patients without CAP.
Diagnostic tests for Coronavirus Disease 2019. What happens behind the assays?
Authors: Gudiño Gomezjurado Marco Esteban , Gudiño Gomezjurado Alvaro Francisco
Published: May 2020

Pandemic caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a plethora of clinical manifestations from the absence of symptoms to the development of pneumonia and even death. Nowadays, the number of new infections estimated to stem from a single COVID-19 case is between 2 and 3. For this reason, a rapid diagnosis will allow the massive screening of the population and the isolation of carriers and asymptomatic people. However, selecting an appropriate diagnostic test might be highly relevant, depending on the prevalence of the illness and the population to be tested. This communication has as purpose to describe the methodological tests employed to the COVID-19 diagnosis and analyze the pros and cons of them.
Once Daily Versus Overnight and Symptom Versus Physiological Monitoring to Detect Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Al Rajeh Ahmed M , Aldabayan Yousef Saad , Aldhahir Abdulelah , Pickett Elisha , Quaderi Shumonta , Alqahtani Jaber S , Mandal Swapna , Lipman Marc CI , Hurst John R
Published: May 2020

Background

Earlier detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations may facilitate more rapid treatment with reduced risk of hospitalization. Changes in pulse oximetry may permit early detection of exacerbations. We hypothesized that overnight pulse oximetry would be superior to once-daily monitoring for the early detection of exacerbations.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate whether measuring changes in heart rate and oxygen saturation overnight is superior to once-daily monitoring of both parameters and to assess symptom changes in facilitating earlier detection of COPD exacerbations.

Methods

A total of 83 patients with COPD were randomized to once-daily or overnight pulse oximetry. Both groups completed the COPD assessment test questionnaire daily. The baseline mean and SD for each pulse oximetry variable were calculated from 14 days of stable monitoring. Changes in exacerbation were expressed as Z scores from this baseline.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 70.6 (SD 8.1) years, 52% (43/83) were female, and the mean FEV1 was 53.0% (SD 18.5%) predicted. Of the 83 patients, 27 experienced an exacerbation. Symptoms were significantly elevated above baseline from 5 days before to 12 days after treatment initiation. Day-to-day variation in pulse oximetry during the stable state was significantly less in the overnight group than in the once-daily group. There were greater relative changes at exacerbation in heart rate than oxygen saturation. An overnight composite score of change in heart rate and oxygen saturation changed significantly from 7 days before initiation of treatment for exacerbation and had a positive predictive value for exacerbation of 91.2%. However, this was not statistically better than examining changes in symptoms alone.

Conclusions

Overnight pulse oximetry permits earlier detection of COPD exacerbations compared with once-daily monitoring. Monitoring physiological variables was not superior to monitoring symptoms, and the latter would be a simpler approach, except where there is a need for objective verification of exacerbations.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03003702; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03003702