bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strain Accommodation by Intrusion and Faulting in a Rift Linkage Zone: Evidences From High‐Resolution Topography Data of the Afrera Plain (Afar, East Africa)
Authors: La Rosa Alessandro , Pagli Carolina , Hurman Gareth L. , Keir Derek
Published: May 2022

At mature magma‐rich continental rifts, extension focuses along discrete axial segments where magmatism and diking are important in accommodating plate divergence. However, the role of magma in influencing the deformation at rift–rift offsets is still unclear as direct observations are rare. Here, we exploited high‐resolution Pléiades‐1 tri‐stereo imagery to produce the first 1 m Digital Elevation Model of the Afrera Plain linkage zone between the Erta Ale and Tat Ali magmatic segments in Northern Afar. We carried out a detailed structural analysis of both tectonic and magmatic features in the area and observed different trends and kinematics of these features. Magmatic features at Afrera strike N160°E ± 5°E, similar to the Erta Ale segment and perpendicular to the extension direction. Conversely, tectonic features fall into two families of ∼NW‐SE‐ and ∼NS‐striking oblique faults with right‐lateral and left‐lateral components, respectively, as shown by Riedel shears. We interpret the extension direction of tectonic features using observed opening of fractures, previous seismic, and InSAR‐based fault models and from that expected for the mapped conjugate fault pattern. While the results show scatter in the range of N46°E–N68°E, it is similar within error to the regional extension direction. The simplest model that explains our data is that in the linkage zone there is both extensional and shear strain. The dikes accommodate only extension, while conjugate oblique faults accommodate extension and shear strain. Our study shows that both magmatism and faulting are important during rift segment interaction and linkage.
Muography Array Under Tokyo Bay Spots Meteotsunami Waves
Authors: Hornyak Tim
Published: May 2022

A new study shows how muons can be used to study tide and wave phenomena, helping secure coastal communities.
Unexpected Changes of Aerosol Burdens With Decreased Convection in the Context of Scale‐Aware Convection Schemes
Authors: Xia Wenwen , Wang Yong , Zhang Guang J. , Cui Zeyu , Wang Bin , He Yujun , Wang Xu
Published: May 2022

Atmospheric aerosols in global climate models (GCMs) can be removed by both large‐scale and convective precipitation. As the horizontal resolution of GCMs increases, it is expected that large‐scale precipitation increases and convective precipitation decreases if scale‐aware convection schemes are well developed. To explore its impact on aerosol burdens, this study develops a novel method and applies it to the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3 to mimic the behavior of scale‐aware convective schemes. Surprisingly, it is found that aerosol burden increases globally as convective precipitation decreases and large‐scale precipitation increases, which can be attributed to the reduced light rain. In the light‐rain intensity category, the decreased frequency of convective precipitation is not offset by the increased frequency of large‐scale precipitation. Therefore, for aerosol simulations in high‐resolution GCMs using scale‐aware convection schemes, subgrid convection and large‐scale condensation should be coordinated to assure light rain stays the same.
mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases
Authors: Qin Shugang , Tang Xiaoshan , Chen Yuting , Chen Kepan , Fan Na , Xiao Wen , Zheng Qian , Li Guohong , Teng Yuqing , Wu Min , Song Xiangrong
Published: May 2022

The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any functional protein/peptide in the human body by introducing mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent. This represents a rising precision medicine field with great promise for preventing and treating many intractable or genetic diseases. In addition, in vitro transcribed mRNA has achieved programmed production, which is more effective, faster in design and production, as well as more flexible and cost-effective than conventional approaches that may offer. Based on these extraordinary advantages, mRNA vaccines have the characteristics of the swiftest response to large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as the currently devastating pandemic COVID-19. It has always been the scientists’ desire to improve the stability, immunogenicity, translation efficiency, and delivery system to achieve efficient and safe delivery of mRNA. Excitingly, these scientific dreams have gradually been realized with the rapid, amazing achievements of molecular biology, RNA technology, vaccinology, and nanotechnology. In this review, we comprehensively describe mRNA-based therapeutics, including their principles, manufacture, application, effects, and shortcomings. We also highlight the importance of mRNA optimization and delivery systems in successful mRNA therapeutics and discuss the key challenges and opportunities in developing these tools into powerful and versatile tools to combat many genetic, infectious, cancer, and other refractory diseases.
Complex and unexpected outcomes of antibiotic therapy against a polymicrobial infection
Authors: Ghuneim Lydia-Ann J , Raghuvanshi Ruma , Neugebauer Kerri A , Guzior Douglas V , Christian Martin H , Schena Bella , Feiner Jeremiah M , Castillo-Bahena Alicia , Mielke Jenna , McClelland Marc , Conrad Douglas , Klapper Isaac , Zhang Tianyu , Quinn Robert A
Published: May 2022

Antibiotics are our primary approach to treating complex infections, yet we have a poor understanding of how these drugs affect microbial communities. To better understand antimicrobial effects on host-associated microbial communities we treated cultured sputum microbiomes from people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF, n = 24) with 11 different antibiotics, supported by theoretical and mathematical modeling-based predictions in a mucus-plugged bronchiole microcosm. Treatment outcomes we identified in vitro that were predicted in silico were: 1) community death, 2) community resistance, 3) pathogen killing, and 4) fermenter killing. However, two outcomes that were not predicted when antibiotics were applied were 5) community profile shifts with little change in total bacterial load (TBL), and 6) increases in TBL. The latter outcome was observed in 17.8% of samples with a TBL increase of greater than 20% and 6.8% of samples with an increase greater than 40%, demonstrating significant increases in community carrying capacity in the presence of an antibiotic. An iteration of the mathematical model showed that TBL increase was due to antibiotic-mediated release of pH-dependent inhibition of pathogens by anaerobe fermentation. These dynamics were verified in vitro when killing of fermenters resulted in a higher community carrying capacity compared to a no antibiotic control. Metagenomic sequencing of sputum samples during antibiotic therapy revealed similar dynamics in clinical samples. This study shows that the complex microbial ecology dictates the outcomes of antibiotic therapy against a polymicrobial infection.
Ecological dynamics of the gut microbiome in response to dietary fiber
Authors: Liu Hongbin , Liao Chen , Wu Lu , Tang Jinhui , Chen Junyu , Lei Chaobi , Zheng Linggang , Zhang Chenhong , Liu Yang-Yu , Xavier Joao , Dai Lei
Published: May 2022

Dietary fibers are generally thought to benefit intestinal health. Their impacts on the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiome, however, vary greatly across individuals. Previous research showed that each individual’s response to fibers depends on their baseline gut microbiome, but the ecology driving microbiota remodeling during fiber intake remained unclear. Here, we studied the long-term dynamics of the gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in isogenic mice with distinct microbiota baselines fed with the fermentable fiber inulin and resistant starch compared to the non-fermentable fiber cellulose. We found that inulin produced a generally rapid response followed by gradual stabilization to new equilibria, and those dynamics were baseline-dependent. We parameterized an ecology model from the time-series data, which revealed a group of bacteria whose growth significantly increased in response to inulin and whose baseline abundance and interspecies competition explained the baseline dependence of microbiome density and community composition dynamics. Fecal levels of SCFAs, such as propionate, were associated with the abundance of inulin responders, yet inter-individual variation of gut microbiome impeded the prediction of SCFAs by machine learning models. We showed that our methods and major findings were generalizable to dietary resistant starch. Finally, we analyzed time-series data of synthetic and natural human gut microbiome in response to dietary fiber and validated the inferred interspecies interactions in vitro. This study emphasizes the importance of ecological modeling to understand microbiome responses to dietary changes and the need for personalized interventions.
Gene-expression profiles of pretreatment biopsies predict complete response of rectal cancer patients to preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Emons Georg , Auslander Noam , Jo Peter , Kitz Julia , Azizian Azadeh , Hu Yue , Hess Clemens F. , Roedel Claus , Sax Ulrich , Salinas Gabriela , Stroebel Philipp , Kramer Frank , Beissbarth Tim , Grade Marian , Ghadimi Michael , Ruppin Eytan , Ried Thomas , Gaedcke Jochen
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and total mesorectal excision is the standard treatment for rectal cancer patients (UICC stage II/III). Up to one-third of patients treated with CRT achieve a pathological complete response (pCR). These patients could be spared from surgery and its associated morbidity and mortality, and assigned to a “watch and wait” strategy. However, reliably identifying pCR based on clinical or imaging parameters remains challenging.

Experimental design

We generated gene-expression profiles of 175 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer enrolled in the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 and -04 trials. One hundred and sixty-one samples were used for building, training and validating a predictor of pCR using a machine learning algorithm. The performance of the classifier was validated in three independent cohorts, comprising 76 patients from (i) the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 and -04 trials (n = 14), (ii) a publicly available dataset (n = 38) and (iii) in 24 prospectively collected samples from the TransValid A trial.

Results

A 21-transcript signature yielded the best classification of pCR in 161 patients (Sensitivity: 0.31; AUC: 0.81), when not allowing misclassification of non-complete-responders (False-positive rate = 0). The classifier remained robust when applied to three independent datasets (n = 76).

Conclusion

The classifier can identify >1/3 of rectal cancer patients with a pCR while never classifying patients with an incomplete response as having pCR. Importantly, we could validate this finding in three independent datasets, including a prospectively collected cohort. Therefore, this classifier could help select rectal cancer patients for a “watch and wait” strategy.

Translational relevance

Forgoing surgery with its associated side effects could be an option for rectal cancer patients if the prediction of a pathological complete response (pCR) after preoperative chemoradiotherapy would be possible. Based on gene-expression profiles of 161 patients a classifier was developed and validated in three independent datasets (n = 76), identifying over 1/3 of patients with pCR, while never misclassifying a non-complete-responder. Therefore, the classifier can identify patients suited for “watch and wait”.
Coexisting charge density wave and ferromagnetic instabilities in monolayer InSe
Authors: Stepanov Evgeny A. , Harkov Viktor , Rösner Malte , Lichtenstein Alexander I. , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Rudenko Alexander N.
Published: May 2022

Recently fabricated InSe monolayers exhibit remarkable characteristics that indicate the potential of this material to host a number of many-body phenomena. In this work, we systematically describe collective electronic effects in hole-doped InSe monolayers using advanced many-body techniques. To this end, we derive a realistic electronic-structure model from first principles that takes into account the most important characteristics of this material, including a flat band with prominent van Hove singularities in the electronic spectrum, strong electron–phonon coupling, and weakly screened long-ranged Coulomb interactions. We calculate the temperature-dependent phase diagram as a function of band filling and observe that this system is in a regime with coexisting charge density wave and ferromagnetic instabilities that are driven by strong electronic Coulomb correlations. This regime can be achieved at realistic doping levels and high enough temperatures, and can be verified experimentally. We find that the electron–phonon interaction does not play a crucial role in these effects, effectively suppressing the local Coulomb interaction without changing the qualitative physical picture.
Datasets on South Korean manufacturing factories’ electricity consumption and demand response participation
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Baek Keon , Kim Jinho
Published: May 2022

This study describes the release of electricity consumption data of some manufacturing factories located in South Korea that participate in the demand response (DR) market. The data (in kilowatt) comprise individual factories’ total power usage details that were acquired using advanced metering infrastructures. They further contain details on the manufacture types, DR participation dates, mandatory reduction capacities, and response capacities of the factories. For data acquisition, 10 manufacturing companies are representatively selected according to the process regularity and company size standard of this study. Entire datasets are newly collected and available at one-minute intervals for seven months from 1 March to 30 September 2019. These datasets can be used in a variety of ways to contribute to the functioning of power systems and markets, including the conduction of industrial load characteristic analysis for load flexibility, estimation of demand-side considerations for virtual power plant design, and determination of energy markets and incentives to achieve carbon neutrality targets at the national level.
Influence of Pholiota adiposa on gut microbiota and promote tumor cell apoptosis properties in H22 tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Wang Xiao-yan , Zhang Ying , Liu Fang-fang
Published: May 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of cancer—prevalent worldwide—and one of the causes of cancer-related deaths. In this study, ethanol extracts from Pholiotaadiposa (EPA) were used to identify possible targets for HCC treatment and their effects on intestinal microflora were analyzed. Methods: Male mice were randomly assigned to groups—the model group, cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg/d), and EPA groups, in which the mice were categorized based on the different concentrations of each compound (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg/day). Relevant biochemical indicators were detected using ELISA, H&E staining, and TUNEL assay. Four tumor apoptosis-related proteins and genes, Cleaved Caspases, BAX, Bcl-2, and VEGF, were detected by immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and RT-PCR. The total genomic DNA was obtained from the contents of the small intestine and colon and was sequenced. The V3 + V4 regions of bacterial 16 s rDNA (from 341 to 806) were amplified. Results: The tests revealed that EPA exhibited antitumor activity in vivo by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Moreover, EPA treatment could increase beneficial and decrease harmful microflorae. These results demonstrate that EPA may be a potential therapy for HCC.
Design of a cryptographically secure pseudo random number generator with grammatical evolution
Authors: Ryan Conor , Kshirsagar Meghana , Vaidya Gauri , Cunningham Andrew , Sivaraman R.
Published: May 2022

This work investigates the potential for using Grammatical Evolution (GE) to generate an initial seed for the construction of a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) and cryptographically secure (CS) PRNG. We demonstrate the suitability of GE as an entropy source and show that the initial seeds exhibit an average entropy value of 7.940560934 for 8-bit entropy,which is close to the ideal value of 8. We then construct two random number generators, GE-PRNG and GE-CSPRNG, both of which employ these initial seeds. We use Monte Carlo simulations to establish the efficacy of the GE-PRNG using an experimental setup designed to estimate the value forpi, in which 100,000,000 random numbers were generated by our system. This returned the value ofpiof 3.146564000, which is precise up to six decimal digits for the actual value ofpi. We propose a new approach calledcontrol_flow_incrementorto generate cryptographically secure random numbers. The random numbers generated with CSPRNG meet the prescribed National Institute of Standards and Technology SP800-22 and the Diehard statistical test requirements. We also present a computational performance analysis of GE-CSPRNG demonstrating its potential to be used in industrial applications.
Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population
Authors: Carrat Fabrice , Villarroel Paola Mariela Saba , Lapidus Nathanael , Fourié Toscane , Blanché Hélène , Dorival Céline , Nicol Jérôme , Deleuze Jean-François , Robineau Olivier ,   SAPRIS-SERO Study Group, Carrat Fabrice , Zins Marie , Severi Gianluca , Touvier Mathilde , Blanché Hélène , Deleuze Jean-François , de Lamballerie Xavier , Lusivika-Nzinga Clovis , Pannetier Gregory , Lapidus Nathanael , Goderel Isabelle , Dorival Céline , Nicol Jérôme , Robineau Olivier , Kab Sofiane , Renuy Adeline , Le-Got Stéphane , Ribet Céline , Pellicer Mireille , Wiernik Emmanuel , Goldberg Marcel , Artaud Fanny , Gerbouin-Rérolle Pascale , Enguix Mélody , Laplanche Camille , Gomes-Rima Roselyn , Hoang Lyan , Correia Emmanuelle , Barry Alpha Amadou , Senina Nadège , Allegre Julien , de Edelenyi Fabien Szabo , Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Esseddik Younes , Hercberg Serge , Deschasaux Mélanie , Blanché Hélène , Sébaoun Jean-Marc , Beaudoin Jean-Christophe , Gressin Laetitia , Morel Valérie , Ouili Ouissam , Deleuze Jean-François , Ninove Laetitia , Priet Stéphane , Villarroel Paola Mariela Saba , Fourié Toscane , Ali Souand Mohamed , Amroun Abdenour , Seston Morgan , Ayhan Nazli , Pastorino Boris , Touvier Mathilde , Severi Gianluca , Zins Marie , de Lamballerie Xavier
Published: May 2022

Assessment of the intensity, dynamics and determinants of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in the general population is critical to guide vaccination policies. This study characterized the anti-spike IgG titers in 13,971 participants included in a French multicohort population-based serological survey on COVID-19 between April and October 2020 and followed-up with serological testing between May and October 2021. Eight follow-up profiles were defined depending on SARS-CoV-2 infection (0, 1 or 2) and COVID-19 vaccination (0, 1, 2 or 3). The anti-spike titer was lower in adults with no vaccination even in case of infection or reinfection, while it was higher in adults with infection followed by vaccination. The anti-spike titer was negatively correlated with age in vaccinated but uninfected adults, whereas it was positively correlated with age in unvaccinated but infected adults. In adults with 2 vaccine injections and no infection, the vaccine protocol, age, gender, and time since the last vaccine injection were independently associated with the anti-spike titer. The decrease in anti-spike titer was much more rapid in vaccinated than in infected subjects. These results highlight the strong heterogeneity of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population depending on previous infection and vaccination.
Downwelling longwave radiation and sensible heat flux observations are critical for surface temperature and emissivity estimation from flux tower data
Authors: Thakur Gitanjali , Schymanski Stanislaus J. , Mallick Kaniska , Trebs Ivonne , Sulis Mauro
Published: May 2022

Land surface temperature (LST) is a preeminent state variable that controls the energy and water exchange between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. At the landscape-scale, LST is derived from thermal infrared radiance measured using space-borne radiometers. In contrast, plot-scale LST estimation at flux tower sites is commonly based on the inversion of upwelling longwave radiation captured by tower-mounted radiometers, whereas the role of the downwelling longwave radiation component is often ignored. We found that neglecting the reflected downwelling longwave radiation leads not only to substantial bias in plot-scale LST estimation, but also have important implications for the estimation of surface emissivity on which LST is co-dependent. The present study proposes a novel method for simultaneous estimation of LST and emissivity at the plot-scale and addresses in detail the consequences of omitting down-welling longwave radiation as frequently done in the literature. Our analysis uses ten eddy covariance sites with different land cover types and found that the LST values obtained using both upwelling and downwelling longwave radiation components are 0.5–1.5 K lower than estimates using only upwelling longwave radiation. Furthermore, the proposed method helps identify inconsistencies between plot-scale radiometric and aerodynamic measurements, likely due to footprint mismatch between measurement approaches. We also found that such inconsistencies can be removed by slight corrections to the upwelling longwave component and subsequent energy balance closure, resulting in realistic estimates of surface emissivity and consistent relationships between energy fluxes and surface-air temperature differences. The correspondence between plot-scale LST and landscape-scale LST depends on site-specific characteristics, such as canopy density, sensor locations and viewing angles. Here we also quantify the uncertainty in plot-scale LST estimates due to uncertainty in tower-based measurements using the different methods. The results of this work have significant implications for the combined use of aerodynamic and radiometric measurements to understand the interactions and feedbacks between LST and surface-atmosphere exchange processes.
Head biomechanics of video recorded falls involving children in a childcare setting
Authors: Bertocci Gina , Smalley Craig , Brown Nathan , Dsouza Raymond , Hilt Bret , Thompson Angela , Bertocci Karen , McKinsey Keyonna , Cory Danielle , Pierce Mary Clyde
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to characterize head biomechanics of video-recorded falls involving young children in a licensed childcare setting. Children 12 to < 36 months of age were observed using video monitoring during daily activities in a childcare setting (in classrooms and outdoor playground) to capture fall events. Sensors (SIM G) incorporated into headbands worn by the children were used to obtain head accelerations and velocities during falls. The SIM G device was activated when linear acceleration was ≥ 12 g. 174 video-recorded falls activated the SIM G device; these falls involved 31 children (mean age = 21.6 months ± 5.6 SD). Fall heights ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 m. Across falls, max linear head acceleration was 50.2 g, max rotational head acceleration was 5388 rad/s2, max linear head velocity was 3.8 m/s and max rotational head velocity was 21.6 rad/s. Falls with head impact had significantly higher biomechanical measures. There was no correlation between head acceleration and fall height. No serious injuries resulted from falls—only 1 child had a minor injury. In conclusion, wearable sensors enabled characterization of head biomechanics during video-recorded falls involving young children in a childcare setting. Falls in this setting did not result in serious injury.
Bioactive xanthones, benzophenones and biphenyls from mangosteen root with potential anti-migration against hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Choodej Siwattra , Koopklang Kedkarn , Raksat Achara , Chuaypen Natthaya , Pudhom Khanitha
Published: May 2022

Liver cancer refers primarily to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for over 90% of cases and is the highest incidence in men in Thailand. Over the past decades, the incidence of HCC dramatically increased with a strong rise of mortality rates. Garcinia mangostana, “Queen of Fruit” of Thailand, is known as a rich source of xanthones with potent cytotoxic properties against various cancer cells. Study on xanthones is provoking not only due to the structural diversity but also a wide variety of pharmacological activities. Hence the aim of the current study is to determine the effects of metabolites from G. mangostana root on cell proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Twenty-two metabolites, including two new benzophenones and one new biphenyl, were isolated and characterized. Five xanthones with a prenyl moiety showed significant cytotoxicity against both HCC cells tested; however, only dulxanthone D displayed the most promising activity on the migration of Huh7 HCC cells, comparable to sorafenib, a standard drug. Moreover, the compound dose-dependently induced apoptosis in Huh7 cells via mitochondrial pathway. Accordingly, dulxanthone D held a great potential for development as a novel migration inhibitor for effective HCC treatment.
Hippocampal representations for deep learning on Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Sarasua Ignacio , Pölsterl Sebastian , Wachinger Christian
Published: May 2022

Deep learning offers a powerful approach for analyzing hippocampal changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) without relying on handcrafted features. Nevertheless, an input format needs to be selected to pass the image information to the neural network, which has wide ramifications for the analysis, but has not been evaluated yet. We compare five hippocampal representations (and their respective tailored network architectures) that span from raw images to geometric representations like meshes and point clouds. We performed a thorough evaluation for the prediction of AD diagnosis and time-to-dementia prediction with experiments on an independent test dataset. In addition, we evaluated the ease of interpretability for each representation–network pair. Our results show that choosing an appropriate representation of the hippocampus for predicting Alzheimer’s disease with deep learning is crucial, since it impacts performance and ease of interpretation.
Necroptosis-associated classification combined with tumor microenvironment characteristic analysis of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Hu Gang , Jiang Yan , Ma Jianying , Zhan Hui
Published: May 2022

Necroptosis is a mode of programmed cell death that overcomes apoptotic resistance. The accurate prognosis of cutaneous melanoma is complicated to predict due to tumor heterogeneity. Necroptosis contributes to the regulation of oncogenesis and cancer immunity. We comprehensively investigated different necroptosis patterns by the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering analysis and explored the relationships among necroptosis patterns, infiltered immune cells, and tumor microenvironment (TME) scores. Two different necroptosis patterns were identified, and the two clusters could predict prognosis and immune landscape. A four-gene signature was successfully constructed and validated its predictive capability of overall survival (OS) in cutaneous melanoma patients. The prognostic value of the signature was further enhanced by incorporating other independent prognostic factors such as age and clinicopathological stages in a nomogram-based prediction model. Patients with lower risk scores tended to have better OS, higher TME score, immune checkpoints, immunophenoscore (IPS), and lower Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE), which indicated better responses to immunotherapy. In addition, the pigmentation score of the high-risk group was visibly higher than those of the low-risk group. In conclusion, the necroptosis-related signature indicated favorable predictive performance in cutaneous melanoma patients, which provides guidance for immunotherapy and provide novel insights into precision medicine.
Telephone-based reminder to improve safety after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Chidester Jeffrey , Bennett Daniel , Mathew Chris , Denkins Tiffany , Vigen Rebecca , Addo Tayo , Das Sandeep
Published: May 2022

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is a class I guideline indication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our population is high-risk for low medication adherence. With a multidisciplinary team we developed a telephone-based intervention to improve DAPT adherence post-PCI. Patients undergoing PCI at our center were contacted by nursing staff via telephone at 1 week, 30 days, and 60 days post-procedure. Calls included a reminder of the importance of DAPT and elicited any patient concerns. Concerns were relayed to the team who could take appropriate action. For patients filling their medications at any pharmacies within our closed system the proportion of days covered (PDC) was calculated. These were compared to data for patients undergoing PCI in the seven months prior to program initiation. Information on interventions performed as a result of calls was also collected. During the study period, 452 patients underwent PCI. Of these, 70% were contacted and 244 filled their prescription at our system pharmacies. Twelve-month median PDC was 74%, with 45% of patients having PDC > 80%. There was no significant difference when compared to the group prior to the intervention, median PDC 79% and 50% of patients having PDC > 80%. In 26 patients calls led to interventions, removing barriers that would have otherwise prevented continued adherence. A telephone-based reminder system led to directed interventions in nearly 1 in 10 patients contacted. It was not able to significantly improve PDC when compared to a contemporary sample. This highlights the difficulty in using PDC to detect barriers to adherence.
DNA and RNA oxidative damage in the retina is associated with ganglion cell mitochondria
Authors: Gu Lei , Kwong Jacky M. , Caprioli Joseph , Piri Natik
Published: May 2022

This study examines retinas from a rat glaucoma model for oxidized nucleosides 8OHdG and 8OHG, biomarkers for oxidative damage of DNA and RNA, respectively. Immunohistochemical data indicate a predominant localization of 8OHdG/8OHG in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The levels for these oxidized DNA/RNA products were 3.2 and 2.8 fold higher at 1 and 2 weeks after intraocular pressure elevation compared to control retinas, respectively. 8OHdG/8OHG were almost exclusively associated with mitochondrial DNA/RNA: ~ 65% of 8OHdG/8OHG were associated with RNA isolated from mitochondrial fraction and ~ 35% with DNA. Furthermore, we analyzed retinas of the rd10 mouse, a model for retinitis pigmentosa, with severe degeneration of photoreceptors to determine whether high levels of 8OHdG/8OHG staining intensity in RGCs of control animals is related to the high level of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation necessary to support light-evoked RGC activity. No significant difference in 8OHdG/8OHG staining intensity between control and rd10 mouse retinas was observed. The results of this study suggest that high levels of 8OHdG/8OHG in RGCs of wild-type animals may lead to cell damage and progressive loss of RGCs observed during normal aging, whereas ocular hypertension-induced increase in the level of oxidatively damaged mitochondrial DNA/RNA could contribute to glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
Manufacturing, characterization, and degradation of a poly(lactic acid) warp-knitted spacer fabric scaffold as a candidate for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Caronna Flavia , Glimpel Nikola , Paar Georg-Philipp , Gries Thomas , Blaeser Andreas , Do Khoa , Dolan Eimear B. , Ronan William
Published: May 2022

Three-dimensional bioabsorbable textiles represent a novel technology for the manufacturing of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Shearing bridge bonds in carbon nitride vesicles with enhanced hot carrier utilization for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Liu Ping , Li Shisen , Zhang Lingling , Yin Xingliang , Ma Yongchao
Published: May 2022

The synergistic effect of morphology tailoring and the formation of oxygen-containing groups in g-C3N4 enhanced the production and separation of photoinduced carriers for photocatalytic H2 production.
The influence of solvent composition on the coordination environment of the Co/Mn/Br based para-xylene oxidation catalyst as revealed by EPR and ESEEM spectroscopy
Authors: Taylor Rebekah L. , Housley Duncan , Barter Michael , Porch Adrian , Whiston Keith , Folli Andrea , Murphy Damien M.
Published: May 2022

The industrially important para-xylene oxidation reaction, based on a Co/Mn/Br catalyst, operates in a water/acetic acid (H2O/AcOH) solvent system.
Materials and design strategies for stretchable electroluminescent devices
Authors: Yoo Jisu , Li Shi , Kim Dae-Hyeong , Yang Jiwoong , Choi Moon Kee
Published: May 2022

We discuss materials and design strategies for stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices. We categorize stretchable EL devices into two types: (i) structurally stretchable and (ii) intrinsically stretchable EL devices.
Facile and fast synthesis of highly active Lewis acid MWW zeolite from pure silica ITQ-1
Authors: Wang Tianlong , Huang Wei , Han He , Zhang Jiaxing , Wu Huifang , Yan Xin , Jiang Yuanjuan , Fang Lu , Zhang Bochun , Guo Xinwen , Ren Limin
Published: May 2022

A highly active Sn-MWW zeolite is facilely prepared via a hydrothermal etching–healing strategy, in which the SDA has a dual function.
Photocatalyst-, metal- and additive-free regioselective radical cascade sulfonylation/cyclization of benzimidazole derivatives with sulfonyl chlorides induced by visible light
Authors: Sun Bin , Tian Hai-Xia , Ni Zhi-Gang , Huang Pan-Yi , Ding Hao , Li Bing-Qian , Jin Can , Wu Chun-Lei , Shen Run-Pu
Published: May 2022

An environmentally friendly and practical protocol for the visible-light-triggered regioselective radical cascade sulfonylation/cyclization of unactivated alkenes towards the synthesis of polycyclic benzimidazoles containing the sulfone group has been developed.
Massive star-forming galaxies have converted most of their halo gas into stars
Authors: Zhang Ziwen , Wang Huiyuan , Luo Wentao , Zhang Jun , Mo Houjun , Jing YiPeng , Yang Xiaohu , Li Hao
Published: May 2022

In the local Universe, the efficiency for converting baryonic gas into stars is very low. In dark matter halos where galaxies form and evolve, the average efficiency varies with galaxy stellar mass and has a maximum of about 20% for Milky-Way-like galaxies. The low efficiency at higher mass is believed to be the result of some quenching processes, such as the feedback from active galactic nuclei. We perform an analysis of weak lensing and satellite kinematics for SDSS central galaxies. Our results reveal that the efficiency is much higher, more than 60%, for a large population of massive star-forming galaxies around 1011 M⊙. This suggests that these galaxies acquired most of the gas in their halos and converted it into stars without being significantly affected by quenching processes. This population of galaxies is not reproduced in current galaxy formation models, indicating that our understanding of galaxy formation is incomplete. The implications of our results on circumgalactic media, star-formation quenching, and disk galaxy rotation curves are discussed. We also examine systematic uncertainties in halo-mass and stellar-mass measurements that might influence our results.
Voltage control using fuzzy logic for radial distribution network with high penetration of photovoltaic generators
Authors: Maataoui Yassir , Chekenbah Hamid , Boutfarjoute Omar , Lasri Rafik
Published: May 2022

Voltage control scheme to enhance the stability for current distribution networks connecting with distributed generation (DG). The increasing demand of energy in recent years transformed traditional distribution grids, which have unidirectional power flow to Active Distribution Networks (ADN), including significant penetration of renewable distributed generators (DGs), such as photovoltaic (PV) modules where the power flow became bidirectional due to the high excess DGs active power that reverses to the power grid. Therefore, this ADN comes with a significant challenge, which is voltage regulation problem. To interconnect PV Generators into distribution systems a robust control approach needs to be adopted, there are different Voltage control scheme can be carried out in variety of methods, such as control by using On Load Tap changers (OLTC), using PV inverters reactive power injection/absorption, real power curtailment process, storage batteries and more. This article proposed a reactive power compensation by PV inverters based on fuzzy logic for voltage control along with the feeders. The control approach was tested and simulated, and it was observed that it can guarantee of maintaining the voltage profile of the distribution network within acceptable range. The MATLAB and Simulink platforms are used to model the system.
Comparative study of machine learning algorithms (SVM, Logistic Regression and KNN) to predict cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Saim Mohammed Marouane , Ammor Hassan
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence has had an impact on a variety of fields, including medicine and, most importantly, cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, early diagnosis of many disorders is a serious medical issue. In this article, we will compare various machine learning algorithms in order to select the optimal one for diagnosing people who might suffer from heart disease based on a variety of clinical data from patients. The effort in this article is focused on studying the dataset using data mining algorithms, and also explaining the used machine learning algorithms in predicting heart disease, in order to assist future researchers in getting the most out of these skills.
Feature Selection of Arabic Online Handwriting Using Recursive Feature Elimination for Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Amakrane Meryem , Khaissidi Ghizlane , Mrabti Mostafa , Ammour Alae , Faouzi Belahsen , Aboulem Ghita
Published: May 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting a large population worldwide. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by rigidity, slowness of movement and tremors at rest, these syndromes are frequently manifested in the deterioration of handwriting. The aim of this article is to perform online Arabic handwriting analysis for two types of tasks, TASK 1: copying arabic imposed text and TASK 2: writing arabic desired text. A novel method of handwriting selection features is proposed to obtain the relevant features to efficiently identify subjects with PD, based on Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV), three different RFE estimators were compared: Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees and Random Forest, the selected features have been fed to the same classifiers above to determine the best classifier for predicting Parkinson’s disease. Result: An accuracy of 94.4% was obtained using SVM with Linear kernel, based on 55 features selected using RFE-SVM(Linear) for TASK 1, for TASK 2 an accuracy of 93.7% was obtained using SVM with RBF kernel, based only in 7 features selected using RFE-SVM(Linear). For all the classifiers used, this technique experimentally demonstrates an increase in performance metrics.
Extra Wide Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation and Low Correlation at 38 GHz mm-Wave Frequency Band for 5G Applications
Authors: El Hadri Doae , Zugari Asmaa , Zakriti Alia
Published: May 2022

A compact wide-band Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna having highest isolation and least correlation for millimeter-wave 5G communications is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a single antenna was designed and simulated to be working at 38 GHz, a potential target band for 5G applications. It consists of a 5-shaped radiating patch, with partial ground plane. Its length is adjusted and a wide bandwidth is obtained. Then, the two antenna elements are closely positioned with edge-to-edge spacing of 1 mm (0.55 λ, with λ is the free space wavelength at resonance). Thanks to the technique of spatial diversity, a high degree of isolation is attained; more than 25 dB in the whole bandwidth. Moreover, correlation value is under 0.0002 in the working band. The prototype antennas are fabricated and measured. The result indicates that this antenna shows a reflection coefficient under -10 dB over a range of frequencies from 32.3 to 54.6 GHz (BW=22.3 GHz, 58.68% fractional bandwidth). The antenna presents a high realized gain of 7.12 dBi and radiation efficiency of about 82.46% at the desired frequency. Due to these results, our antenna may be regarded a suitable candidate for mm-wave 5G MIMO applications.
Hepatisch metastasiertes kolorektales Karzinom
Authors: Ettrich Thomas J. , Hüttner Felix J. , Lisson Christoph , Gani Cihan , Prasad Vikas , Seufferlein Thomas
Published: May 2022

Für die multimodale Therapie des hepatisch metastasierten kolorektalen Karzinoms stehen neben der System- und der chirurgischen Therapie unterschiedliche lokalablative Verfahren zur Verfügung, die das therapeutische Spektrum maßgeblich erweitern. Die Verfügbarkeit dieser Verfahren erfordert eine hohe Kompetenz der beteiligten Partner. Eine enge interdisziplinäre Abstimmung in entsprechenden Tumorboards im Therapieverlauf ist notwendig, um eine onkologisch optimale Therapiestrategie zu entwickeln und diese auch immer wieder zu adaptieren.
Rezidiviertes Ovarialkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2022

Eine erneute komplette Resektion von Ovarialkarzinomen im Rezidivfall wird kontrovers diskutiert. Die DESKTOP-III-Studie ergab nun einen deutlichen Überlebensvorteil: Frauen, die nicht nur die platinbasierte Zweitlinientherapie, sondern auch die Operation erhielten, hatten eine 25 % geringere Mortalitätswahrscheinlichkeit. Voraussetzungen für die Ergebnisse waren ein positiver AGO-Score und die Behandlung in spezialisierten Zentren.
Beeinflusst Beziehungspflege die Selbstwirksamkeit?
Authors: Bauer Rüdiger
Published: May 2022

Kann Beziehungspflege die Selbstwirksamkeit von Menschen mit psychischen Störungen positiv beeinflussen? Ja, sagt unser Autor, denn Zuwendung erzeugt Bindung und eine vertrauensvolle und sichere Bindung hilft, die Zentren der Angst in Schach zu halten und das Vertrauen in die eigenen Kompetenzen zu steigern. Welche neurowissenschaftlichen, bindungstheoretischen und pflegerischen Prozesse dabei wirken, erfahren Sie im Schwerpunkt.
Dokumentation, Anwendung und Ansätze zur Reduktion von unfreiwilligen Unterbringungen und Zwangsmaßnahmen – Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Befragung akutpsychiatrischer Krankenhäuser in Deutschland
Authors: Efkemann Simone Agnes , Haußleiter Ida Sibylle , Steinert Tilman , Hoffmann Knut , Juckel Georg
Published: May 2022

Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte mit einer angestrebten Vollerhebung den Dokumentationsstatus bezüglich Unterbringungen und Zwangsmaßnahmen in psychiatrischen Kliniken in Deutschland.

Methodik Im Rahmen der ZIPHER-Studie wurde eine Fragebogenerhebung hinsichtlich der Dokumentation, Anwendung und Bemühungen zur Reduktion von Zwang durchgeführt (N = 147, Rücklaufquote = 34,4 %).

Ergebnisse Die teilnehmenden Kliniken berichteten überwiegend von einer umfassenden Dokumentation von Zwangsmaßnahmen, jedoch zeigten sich sowohl diesbezüglich als auch für den Einsatz von Leitlinien erhebliche regionale Unterschiede. Die Unterbringungsquote lag bei M = 13,4 % (± 10,9). Von diesen waren 33,9 % (± 22,2) von Fixierung betroffen, 8,9 % (± 17,2) von Isolierung und 11,8 % (± 18,0) von Zwangsmedikation.

Schlussfolgerung Die regionalen Unterschiede rufen zu einer Vereinheitlichung der rechtlichen Grundlagen und praktischen Anwendung sowie einer flächendeckenden Zusammenführung der entsprechenden Daten auf.
Mammakarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: May 2022

In der Behandlung des Mammakarzinoms haben sich u. a. die endokrine Therapie, die PARP-Inhibitoren und die CDK4/6-Inhibitoren etabliert. Beim vergangenen San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) wurden neue Untersuchungen zu bewährten Therapien präsentiert.
ASCO GU 2022 – Neues zum Nierenzellkarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: May 2022

Aus der Phase-III-Studie KEYNOTE-564 wurden erstmals positive Daten zur adjuvanten Immuntherapie bei RCC-Patienten nach Nephrektomie berichtet. Das Update der Studie bestätigt die anhaltende Effektivität von Pembrolizumab in der Adjuvanz.
Osimertinib-resistente nicht-kleinzellige Bronchialkarzinome
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: May 2022

Osimertinib ist als Erstlinientherapie von Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligen, EGFR-mutierten Bronchialkarzinomen zugelassen und hat sich zum Standard etabliert. Das Problem: Nahezu alle Patienten entwickeln irgendwann eine Resistenz. Bei Patienten ohne EGFR- und ALK-Mutationen bewährte sich die Kombination aus Chemotherapie und Immuntherapie mit PD-1-/PD-L1-Inhibition. Eine retrospektive Studie belegte jetzt deren Nutzen auch für Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen, EGFR-mutierten Tumoren, die während der Osimertinib-Therapie progredient waren.
Malignes Glioblastom
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: May 2022

Glioblastome (GBM) besitzen trotz multimodaler Behandlung einschließlich neurochirurgischer Resektion oder Biopsie sowie Chemo- und Strahlentherapie eine sehr schlechte Prognose. Neue spezifische Therapiekonzepte und molekulare Marker mit prognostischem Potenzial sind dringend erforderlich. Telomere sind an den Chromosomenenden lokalisiert und übernehmen dort eine Schutzfunktion, um die Erbinformation stabil zu halten. Neben Immuntherapien erscheint die direkte Blockierung der Telomerase durch einen Inhibitor pharmakologisch am besten umsetzbar.
Temporalismuskeldicke
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: May 2022

Die Dicke der Temporalismuskel ist ein neuer Outcome-Marker bei primären und sekundären Hirntumoren. Bei Patienten mit neudiagnostiziertem Glioblastom korrelierte die Reduktion der Temporalismuskeldicke unabhängig von der MGMT-Promoter-Methylierung mit dem Marker zum progressionsfreien Überleben (PFS) und Gesamtüberleben (OS).