bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circuit Training Improvements in Korean Women with Sarcopenia
Authors: Jung Won-Sang , Kim Yae-Young , Park Hun-Young
Published: July 2019

Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related decrease in muscle mass, strength, and function. We investigated the effect of circuit training on body composition, balance, muscle mass and strength, and pulmonary function in Korean women with sarcopenia. We randomly assigned 26 Korean women with sarcopenia ( Mage = 74.9, SD = 4.5 years) to either an exercise group (EG) ( n = 13) or a control group (CG) ( n = 13). The EG performed 25-75 minutes of circuit exercise training (gradually increasing time periods) three times per week over 12 weeks, while the CG maintained their usual daily lifestyle during the intervention period. We measured body weight, body mass index, percent body fat, free fat mass, balance ability, peak torque in shoulder, knee, and lumbar joints normalized for bodyweight (BW), forced vital capacity, percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second, and forced expiratory flow 25–75% before and after the intervention. The EG showed improved body composition (i.e., body mass index, fat-free body mass, fat mass; all p < .032, η2 > 0.180), balance (i.e., right and left of static and dynamic balance and fast 10-m walk; all p < .050, η2 > 0.151), muscular function (i.e., 90°/s and 180°/s peak power per kilogram BW, 90°/s average power per kilogram BW, 180°/s total work, and 180°/s endurance ratio; all p < .045, η2 > 0.157), and pulmonary function (all p < .005, η2 > 0.292). On the other hand, the CG showed no significant changes. Circuit exercise training improves muscle mass and strength, body composition, balance, and pulmonary function in women with sarcopenia.
Myeloma of Laryngeal Cartilage: Literature Review and Case Study
Authors: You Woo Sun , Bhuta Sandeep
Published: July 2019

Background:

Myeloma of laryngeal cartilage (MLC) is a rare plasma cell neoplasm which has not been well characterized. However, it is an important differential diagnosis of laryngeal cartilage mass as it can indicate the presence of underlying systemic hematological diseases, such as multiple myeloma (MM), that is associated with poor prognosis. This article is the first of its kind and aims to educate clinicians on future diagnosis and management of similar cases.

Methods:

Search of MLC was performed on the medical literature databases of Medline, PUBMED, and EMBASE. Additionally, institutional database at Gold Coast University Hospital Radiology Department was queried for relevant cases. Based on 16 cases that met the inclusion criteria, the etiology, epidemiology, clinical evaluation, investigations, management, and prognosis of MLC was summarized.

Results:

Of all, 94% of MLC occur in males and 81% in those older than 60 years. It is more commonly a manifestation of systemic MM, rather than localized extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), 81% and 19% respectively. Additionally, 67% of laryngeal EMPs progress to MM within 3 years from initial diagnosis. Although treatments involving both local and systemic therapy were effective at relieving local symptoms, 39% of MLC patients died during the follow-up period—all of which were due to septicemia caused by secondary infections.

Conclusion:

Myeloma of laryngeal cartilage is a relatively rare condition that requires accurate diagnosis in order to promptly manage the potentially underlying systemic hematological disease. Currently, more case reports and analytical studies are required to provide evidence-based guidance on etiology, diagnosis, and management of this condition.
Dialogue Beyond Belief: The Role of Participation in Religious Practices as the Meeting Point for Muslim Christian Encounter
Authors: Azdajic Dejan
Published: July 2019

In spite of a commendable proliferation of Muslim-Christian initiatives in recent years, progress has been slow. Islam and Christianity are essentially two rival belief systems each claiming doctrinal and theological superiority. Any serious dialogue that goes deeper into these issues and attempts to discover new hermeneutical bridges inevitably reaches its explanatory limit. In this article, I argue that there may perhaps be new ways to overcome this historic standstill. Borrowing from insights gained from a sociological approach to the study of religion, it becomes evident that it is necessary to distinguish between religion as a set of normative beliefs and the concrete implementation of those beliefs through religious practices. The application of theory into authentic forms of embodied religiosity is the responsibility of believers themselves. They concretize the normative prescriptions through a contextualized, local interpretation that is both pragmatic and meaningful in order to make sense of their everyday lives. To understand religion intellectually, it is necessary to consider its fundamental anthropological dimension. Hence, the study of religion must ultimately include the study of human beings in their natural context and from their point of view. Moreover, I provide evidence that true insight is contingent upon actual participation in the religious practices themselves. Building on this argument, this article suggests that Muslim-Christian relations would significantly benefit from including shared participation in sacred religious performances as part of the strategy for a successful encounter.
Absolute pitch: Myths, evidence and relevance to music education and performance
Authors: Carden Jill , Cline Tony
Published: July 2019

The assumed extreme rarity of absolute pitch (AP), sometimes known as “perfect pitch”, is not supported by empirical evidence. Instead, studies indicate a prevalence of at least 4% for music students, making AP of potential importance to everyday music education. Considerable scientific curiosity about AP exists, though rarely have research findings been practically applied to music education. This review looks at the evidence of the origins of AP and of the distinct neurological, language and cognitive features of possessors, and considers the relevance of these to music students. The absence of systematically gathered data from those with AP about their experiences is discussed, and implications for the educational needs of this group considered.
The role of measurement in theorising about the world
Authors: Holzhauser Nicole , Eggert Frank
Published: July 2019

The procedure of establishing a measure of an attribute consists of the assignment of numbers to objects whose attributes show some variability according to rules. These rules are chosen so that the assigned numbers contain some ‘information’ about the differing variants of the attribute. In the article, we discuss a heuristic, a scaling, and a representational approach. Within the heuristic approach, rules can be based on a verbal argument heuristically linking the variability in the attribute to differences in the measurements. In this case, the specific information that is represented by the measurements is very hard to determine due to the lack of a formal model. Within the scaling approach, a formal model is used to derive rules for the assignment of numbers to the variants of the attribute. From a scaling model, conclusions about the specific information assumed to be represented in the measurements can be derived. Both approaches depend on the assumption that there is something to measure, namely that the attribute that is going to be measured exists in a realm different from the numerical one. Within the representational approach, one tries to clarify what conditions must be met by an attribute to be considered measurable so that relations between the measurements can be interpreted as reflecting relations between the variants of the attribute. By specifying the conditions an attribute must meet to be measurable at all, measurement theory opens an alternative way to rules and thus to measurements. Following this approach, it is no longer necessary only to assume that there is some measurable attribute, but one can find out whether this indeed is the case. Moreover, the interdependence of the definition of an attribute and its measurability, as well as the role theory plays in defining certain attributes, can be clarified.
Plasma Midkine Is Associated With 28-Day Mortality and Organ Function in Sepsis
Authors: Chang Wei , Peng Fei , Sun Qin , Meng Shan-Shan , Qiu Hai-Bo , Xu Jing-Yuan
Published: July 2019

Background:

Midkine has been reported to play a crucial role in inflammatory, hypoxia, and tissue injury processes. We aimed to investigate plasma midkine in septic patients and its association with 28-day mortality and organ function.

Methods:

Septic patients admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, a tertiary hospital, from November 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study. The baseline characteristics of the septic patients were recorded at admission. A peripheral blood sample was obtained at admission, and plasma midkine levels were evaluated with an immunoassay. All patients were followed up with for 28 days, with all-cause mortality being recorded.

Results:

A total of 26 septic patients were enrolled, which included 18 survivors and 8 nonsurvivors at day 28. Plasma midkine levels were significantly elevated in the nonsurvivor group compared with the survivors (ng/L, 763.6 [404.7-1305], 268.5 [147.8-511.4]; P = .0387]. Plasma midkine levels were elevated in septic patients with moderate/severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with patients with non/mild ARDS (ng/L, 522.3 [336.6-960.1] vs 243.8 [110.3-478.9]; P = .0135) and in those with acute kidney injury compared with those without (ng/L, 489.8 [259.2-1058] vs 427.9 [129.6-510.3]; P = .0973). Changes in plasma midkine levels were also associated with extravascular lung water index ( P = .063) and pulmonary vascular permeability index ( P = .049).

Conclusions:

Plasma midkine was associated with 28-day mortality, as well as pulmonary and kidney injury, in septic patients.
General Criminality as a Marker of Heterogeneity in Domestically Violent Men: Differences in Trauma History, Psychopathology, Neurocognitive Functioning, and Psychophysiology
Authors: Lishak Victoria , Scott Katreena L. , Dyson Amanda , Milovanov Alexander
Published: July 2019

This study examined whether involvement in general criminal behavior was a useful marker of critical historic, psychological, and cognitive aspects of heterogeneity in domestically violent men. Two subgroups of domestically violent men, those with ( n = 56) and without ( n = 54) a history of criminal involvement, were compared with a group of nonviolent men ( n = 82) on internalizing psychopathology, substance abuse, maltreatment in the family of origin, cognitive and executive functioning, and psychophysiological factors. Results found that domestically violent criminal men scored higher than the other two groups on a number of measures including history of childhood violence exposure, childhood externalizing behavior, and adult internalizing psychopathology. No differences were found on their psychophysiological reactivity and cognitive performance. The domestically violent noncriminal group and the comparison group were largely similar on study variables with the exception of education and substance use. Results suggest that general theories of antisocial behavior may be relevant and helpful for understanding domestically violent and criminally involved batterers, whereas social and family violence theories may be of greater relevance to noncriminally involved batterers. Implications of these results for intervention are considered.
Effects of hygrothermal and thermal-oxidative ageing on the open-hole properties of T800/high-temperature epoxy resin composites with different hole shapes
Authors: Xu Liang , He Yi , Ma Shaohua , Hui Li
Published: July 2019

T800/high-temperature epoxy resin composites with different hole shapes were subjected to hygrothermal ageing and thermal-oxidative ageing, and the effects of these different ageing methods on the open-hole properties of the composites were investigated, including analyses of the mass changes, surface topography changes (before and after ageing), fracture morphologies, open-hole compressive performance, dynamic mechanical properties and infrared spectrum. The results showed that only physical ageing occurred under hygrothermal ageing (70°C and 85% relative humidity), and the equilibrium moisture absorption rate was only approximately 0.72%. In contrast, under thermal-oxidative ageing at 190°C, both physical ageing and chemical ageing occurred. After ageing, the open-hole compressive strength of the composite laminates with different hole shapes decreased significantly, but the open-hole compressive strength after thermal-oxidative ageing was greater than that after hygrothermal ageing. Among the aged and unaged laminates, the laminates with round holes exhibited the largest open-hole compressive strength, followed by those with the elliptical holes, square holes and diamond holes. The failure modes of the laminates were all through-hole failures. The unaged samples had a glass transition temperature ( T g) of 226°C, whereas the T g of the samples after hygrothermal ageing was 208°C, which is 18°C less than that of the unaged samples, and the T g of the samples after thermal-oxidative ageing was 253°C, which is 27°C greater than that of the unaged samples.
How metaphysical commitments shape the study of psychological mechanisms
Authors: Hochstein Eric
Published: July 2019

The study of psychological mechanisms is an interdisciplinary endeavour, requiring insights from many different domains (from electrophysiology, to psychology, to theoretical neuroscience, to computer science). In this article, I argue that philosophy plays an essential role in this interdisciplinary project, and that effective scientific study of psychological mechanisms requires that working scientists be responsible metaphysicians. This means adopting deliberate metaphysical positions when studying mechanisms that go beyond what is empirically justified regarding the nature of the phenomenon being studied, the conditions of its occurrence, and its boundaries. Such metaphysical commitments are necessary in order to set up experimental protocols, determine which variables to manipulate under experimental conditions, and which conclusions to draw from different scientific models and theories. It is important for scientists to be aware of the metaphysical commitments they adopt, since they can easily be led astray if invoked carelessly.
Revisiting the role of electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia: Where are we now?
Authors: Teodorczuk Andrew , Emmerson Brett , Robinson Gail
Published: July 2019

Objective:

The purpose of this opinion article is to review the recent evidence base in relation to the role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the management of patients with schizophrenia. Specifically, we explore the efficacy and safety of ECT. Furthermore, consideration is given to the profile of patients who benefit most from ECT, the role of maintenance ECT and what happens when ECT is not given.

Conclusion:

Our brief review of the evidence suggests that clinical practice in developing countries has not kept up with the growing literature supporting ECT use in schizophrenia. As such, we advocate that ECT should not be a treatment of last resort. Rather, it should be considered more readily as an add-on therapy when there has been a poor response to antipsychotic medications or concerns exist about side effects. Further research is needed into the efficacy of maintenance ECT.
Dental Anomalies in Permanent Teeth Associated With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Group of Colombian Children
Authors: Yezioro-Rubinsky Salomón , Eslava-Schmalbach Javier H. , Otero Liliana , Rodríguez-Aguirre Sara A. , Duque Ángela M. , Campos Flora M. , Gómez Juan P. , Gómez-Arango Sara , Posso-Moreno Sandra L. , Rojas Nancy E. , Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly
Published: July 2019

Objectives:

To assess the risk of dental anomaly presentation in permanent teeth in a group of Colombian children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) and to determine the frequency of the anomalies according to the cleft type.

Methods:

An analytical matched case–control study was conducted with 210 controls and 210 patients with NSCLP. The patients were classified into 3 groups: complete right unilateral cleft lip and palate (RCLP), complete left unilateral cleft lip and palate (LCLP), and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to analyze paired samples (Bonferroni adjustment, P ≤ .002).

Results:

A high risk of finding agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors, supernumerary teeth, microdontia of the maxillary lateral incisors, and rotation of the maxillary central incisors adjacent to the cleft ( P < .0001) was observed in the patients with NSCLP. One or more dental anomalies were found in 98% of patients with BCLP, in 96% of those with LCLP, and in 87% of those with RCLP. Most of the anomalies were located on the cleft area. The incidence relative risk (IRR) of anomalies was highest in patients with BCLP (IRR: 10.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.76-16.3), followed by in those with LCLP (IRR: 8.51; 95% CI: 5.64-12.8).

Conclusions:

Most dental anomalies were found in the cleft area; this was expected because the cleft area was the most affected in the patients included in this study.
Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Zaman Junaid A. B. , Bhandari Anil K.
Published: July 2019

The role of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in atrial fibrillation (AF) is well established. However, none of the randomized controlled trials included patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) leaving a lack of evidence in this large, challenging and unique patient group. Patients on hemodialysis (HD) with AF have additional risk factors for stroke due to vascular comorbidities, HD treatment, age, and diabetes. Conversely, they are also at increased risk of major bleeding due to uremic platelet impairment. Anticoagulants increase bleeding risk in patients with ESRD and HD up to 10-fold compared with non chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on warfarin. There are conflicting data and recommendations regarding use of OACs in ESRD which will be reviewed in this article. We conclude by proposing a modified strategy for OAC use in ESRD based on the latest evidence.
Kinetic studies on using photocatalytic coatings for removal of indoor volatile organic compounds
Authors: Jiang Zhuoying , Yu Xiong (Bill)
Published: July 2019

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a known photocatalyst with a capability of decomposing organic substances. However, the photocatalysis of the pure TiO2 is not effective for the indoor environment due to a lack of the ultraviolet irradiation inside a building. Doping TiO2 with substance such as C, N, or metal can extend the threshold of the absorption spectrum to the visible spectrum region. Thus, doped-TiO2 is able to decompose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under an indoor environment. To date, most experimental works reported on photocatalytic kinetics were conducted inside small-scale devices. The performance of air purification function under the actual indoor application scenery need to be further clarified. For this purpose, it is crucial to predict the performance of autogenous air quality improvements by visible light-driven photocatalyst for the actual applications. This work has developed a model to evaluate the performance of functional coating with photocatalyst in removing VOCs. Factors such as the effects of coating designs and indoor ambient conditions on the air purification efficiency were studied. This work demonstrates that doped-TiO2 photocatalytic coating is effective to improve the indoor air quality.
What is narrative journalism? A systematic review and an empirical agenda
Authors: van Krieken Kobie , Sanders José
Published: July 2019

This article reviews scientific research on narrative journalism, aiming to (1) demystify the nature of narrative journalism by specifying its core characteristics, resulting in a sustainable definition of the genre; (2) characterize the current state of the scientific field; and (3) identify gaps in our knowledge about narrative journalism. A systematic search of the scientific literature between 1998 and 2017 resulted in a set of 103 journal articles about narrative journalism. Their analysis reveals that the scientific field is dominated by essayistic and qualitative studies on printed forms of narrative journalism, with a focus on the history and style of narrative journalism, whereas systematic research on the function and impact of the genre is scarce. A framework is presented that synthesizes the hitherto isolated strands of research on narrative journalism and offers anchors for an empirical turn in narrative journalism studies.
Men’s Preference for Women Who Like Women: The Effects of Desire for Sexual Variety and Willingness to Have Sex Without Commitment
Authors: Apostolou Menelaos
Published: July 2019

Heterosexual men, as opposed to heterosexual women, desire mates who experience same-sex attractions and are willing to have same-sex sexual contacts. Yet not all men share such desires, and the current study aims to examine whether the male preferences for same-sex attraction and contact are predicted by desires for sexual variety and having sex without commitment. Using an online sample of 1,277 Greek-speaking participants, we found that men and women who experienced same-sex attractions and desired sexual variety and sex without commitment were more likely to prefer same-sex attraction and contact in a partner. Moreover, we found that a considerable proportion of heterosexual men, but only a small proportion of heterosexual women, preferred same-sex attraction and contact in partner. This sex-difference was statistically significant even after the desire for sexual variety and sociosexual orientation were controlled for.
Oil palm microfiber-reinforced handsheet-molded thermoplastic green composites for sustainable packaging applications
Authors: Hermawan D , Hazwan Che Mohamad , Owolabi FAT , Gopakumar Deepu A , Hasan M , Rizal Samsul , Sri Aprilla NA , Mohamed AR , Khalil HPS Abdul
Published: July 2019

The forestry and agricultural market have been perceiving outstanding growth due to the advantages of green composites, such as cost effective in nature, environment friendly, excellent mechanical properties, and so on. Various researchers had studied the reinforcement efficiency of various natural fibers in the diverse polymer matrices. Herein, we reported the characterization of microfiber handsheet-molded thermoplastic green composites developed from the combination of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB)-based microfiber pulp as filler and polyester PP based as matrix. Refined alkaline extracted OPEFB pulp fiber was mixed at different layered composition of the composite of grafted polypropylene. The physical properties and mechanical properties were conducted according to the ASTM standard and showed substantial improvement of the handsheet-molded composite. The scanning electron microgram showed that, as the addition of OPEFB fiber loading increased, there was improved interfacial bonding except for 50% fiber loading which experience fiber pullout. The result also showed improved thermal stability compared with the neat composite. This study will be an effective platform to develop the packaging materials using polymer handsheet composite.

[Formula: see text]
The reaction of benzyne with acridine
Authors: Plater M John , Smart Liam , Harrison William TA
Published: July 2019

Treatment of acridine with 1-aminobenzotriazole and lead tetraacetate gives N-phenylacridone by a non-concerted benzyne reaction. A mechanism is proposed by which an initial adduct is converted into this product.
Transition-metal-free Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of benzaldehydes to phenols using Na2S2O8
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Lin-Lin , Han Ke , Liu Zhi-Bin , Luan You-Shun , Chen Deng-Tai
Published: July 2019

A new approach for preparation of phenols from benzaldehydes using Na2S2O8 has been established. This reaction is a Na2S2O8-promoted Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. It provides a highly efficient and practical approach for the preparation of phenols. The protocol is highlighted by its operational simplicity and mild conditions.
New Z-chalcones obtained from aloe-emodin: Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties
Authors: Canudas Nieves , Moreno Manuel , Pekerar Sara , Gámez Carlos , Sucre Estefania , Villamizar José E
Published: July 2019

Three new Z-chalcone derivatives were synthesized under stereoselective conditions by condensation between an aldehyde derivative (prepared from aloe-emodin) and an acetophenone, using potassium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide/H2O at room temperature. The Z configuration of the chalcone derivatives was established by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. Photophysical properties related to the UV-Vis absorption/emission spectra and molar extinction coefficients (ε) in different solvents were determined.
Design, synthesis, and herbicidal activity of novel 2-(arylamino)-5-methyl-4-methylene-7-(methylthio)-4H-pyrido[4,3-d][1,3]oxazine-8-carbonitrile derivatives
Authors: Sun Yi , Huang Wenfei , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Tao , Luo Jin
Published: July 2019

A series of 5-methyl-4-methylene-7-methylthio-2-arylmino-4 H-pyrido[4,3- d][1,3]oxazine-8-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized via tandem aza-Wittig and annulation reactions with { N-[3-acetyl-5-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylthio)pyridin-4-yl]imino}triphenylphosphorane and aryl isocyanate in dry dichloromethane. Their structures were clearly confirmed by infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for herbicidal activities against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The results indicated that the target compound 2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-5-methyl-4-methylene-7-(methylthio)-4 H-pyrido[4,3- d][1,3]oxazine-8-carbonitrile showed 100% inhibition rate to grain sorghum (monocotyledonous) at the concentration of 100 mg L−1.
Highly stereoselective heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed transfer semihydrogenation of internal alkynes to access cis-alkenes
Authors: Huang Wencheng , Li Jianying , Chen Qiurong , Cai Mingzhong
Published: July 2019

A highly efficient heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed transfer semihydrogenation of internal alkynes was achieved in dimethylformamide at 145 ºC by using an MCM-41-immobilized bidentate nitrogen palladium(II) complex [MCM-41-2N-Pd(OAc)2] as catalyst and dimethylformamide/KOH as hydrogen source, yielding a variety of cis-alkenes in good to high yields with excellent stereoselectivity. This supported palladium catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration of the reaction solution and recycled up to seven times with almost consistent activity.
Construction of C-glycosides of heterocycles containing the pyrimidin-2-amine or the 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine moiety and their biological evaluation for anticancer activities
Authors: Li Wu-Wu , Zheng Min-Yan , Guo Ying , Zhang Zun-Ting , Han Ji-Chang , Jiang Yan-Ping , Wang Qiao , Wang Mei , Ji Ming-Xiang , Zhang Yu-Tao
Published: July 2019

A series of novel C-glycosides of heterocyclic derivatives containing a pyrimidin-2-amine or a 1 H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine moiety were synthesized using condensation reactions of the substituted puerarin with guanidine or 3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazole in methyl alcohol. Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, their biological activity has been demonstrated by in vitro evaluation against the human leukemia cells K562 and human prostate cancer cells PC-3 by MTT-based assays, using the commercially available standard drug of cis-platin as a positive control. The results also demonstrated that most of the compounds showed considerable cytotoxicity to these two cell lines of K562 and PC-3, and indicated that novel C-glycosides of heterocyclic derivatives may be potential leads for further biological screenings and may generate drug-like molecules.
Three-component and one-pot synthesis of 3-aryl-2,4-diselenoxo-1,3,5-triazepane-6,7-diones
Authors: Zhiani Rahele , Shahroudi Mina , Amarloo Fatemeh
Published: July 2019

A simple, one-pot synthesis of six 3-aryl-2,4-diselenoxo-1,3,5-triazepane-6,7-diones has been achieved in moderate to good yields via a three-component condensation of variously substituted anilines, oxalyl chloride, and two molecules of potassium selenocyanate in acetone at room temperature.
An efficient synthesis of 3-alkyl-2-diversity-substituted benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivatives
Authors: Wang Hong-Mei , Wang Tian-Shuai , He Sheng-Jie , Chen Zong-Yun , Hu Yang-Gen
Published: July 2019

Benzofuro[3,2- d]pyrimidine derivatives are prepared using aza-Wittig reactions of iminophosphoranes with n-butyl isocyanate at 40–50 °C to give carbodiimide intermediates, which are reacted with nitrogen-oxygen-containing nucleophiles to give 3-alkyl-2-amino (aryloxy/alkoxy)-benzofuro[3,2- d]pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones in satisfactory yields in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium ethoxide or K2CO3. The iminophosphorane also reacts directly with excess carbon disulfide, followed by n-propylamine; further reaction with alkyl halides or halogenated aliphatic esters in the presence of anhydrous K2CO3 produces the corresponding 2-alkylthio-3-n-propyl-benzofuro[3,2- d]pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones in good yields. Their structures of the products are confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, infrared and elemental analysis.
Synthesis and optical properties of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives possessing highly substituted imidazoles
Authors: Ghasemi Zarrin , Mirzaie Arezoo , Arabzadeh Roqhayeh , Fathi Zahra , Abolghassemi Fakhree Ameneh
Published: July 2019

Reactions of 1,4,5-triaryl-2-(4-bromomethyl)phenyl-imidazoles with sodium azide in acetone give the corresponding azidomethyl derivatives, which on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with various terminal alkynes in the presence of CuI afford novel 1,2,3-triazole products. On the other hand, treatment of 2,4,5-triaryl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-imidazoles with propargyl chloride in the presence of a base gives the corresponding propargyl ether derivatives, which under CuI-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with benzyl azide produce 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. All the products are characterized from their spectroscopic data and most are evaluated for fluorescence emission. The optical parameters of the studied products are also reported.
A numerical model for the time-dependent wake of a pedalling cyclist
Authors: Griffith Martin D , Crouch Timothy N , Burton David , Sheridan John , Brown Nicholas AT , Thompson Mark C
Published: July 2019

A method for computing the wake of a pedalling cyclist is detailed and assessed through comparison with experimental studies. The large-scale time-dependent turbulent flow is simulated using the Scale Adaptive Simulation approach based on the Shear Stress Transport Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model. Importantly, the motion of the legs is modelled by joining the model at the hips and knees and imposing solid body rotation and translation to the lower and upper legs. Rapid distortion of the cyclist geometry during pedalling requires frequent interpolation of the flow solution onto new meshes. The impact of numerical errors, that are inherent to this remeshing technique, on the computed aerodynamic drag force is assessed. The dynamic leg simulation was successful in reproducing the oscillation in the drag force experienced by a rider over the pedalling cycle that results from variations in the large-scale wake flow structure. Aerodynamic drag and streamwise vorticity fields obtained for both static and dynamic leg simulations are compared with similar experimental results across the crank cycle. The new technique presented here for simulating pedalling leg cycling flows offers one pathway for improving the assessment of cycling aerodynamic performance compared to using isolated static leg simulations alone, a practice common in optimising the aerodynamics of cyclists through computational fluid dynamics.
Men’s Sports or Women’s Sports?: Gender Norms, Sports Participation, and Media Consumption as Predictors of Sports Gender Typing in China
Authors: Xu Qingru , Fan Minghui , Brown Kenon A.
Published: July 2019

In this study, we explored the perception of sports based on gender norms in China. Applying social cognitive theory, we surveyed 423 Chinese respondents about their gender perceptions of 16 sports. Results revealed four distinct categories—masculine, lifestyle, neutral, and feminine—and that men tended to rate sports as significantly more masculine than women. Overall, gender role beliefs, sports participation, and sports media consumption all significantly correlated with individual gender typing of sports. The findings of this study, which is based on findings from Hardin and Greer and is one of the first quantitative studies about gender perceptions of sports in China, shed light on the role that gender norms play in shaping the country’s sports landscape. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Pneumorachis from the cervical to the sacral spinal canal with spinal epidural abscess by gas gangrene
Authors: Matsuo Tomoki , Tanji Atsushi , Tateyama Koichi , Yoda Yuhei , Kamata Yusaku , Urabe Tadahisa
Published: July 2019

We present a 70-year-old woman with severe diabetes mellitus, who experienced low back pain and left lower leg paralysis. Computed tomography showed air in the spinal canal from C4 to S5, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an epidural abscess from Th11 to L1. Laboratory findings showed increases in inflammatory indicators and blood culture indicated the presence of Escherichia coli. The patient was treated conservatively with antibiotics. Neurological deficits and inflammatory data improved during the course. Follow-up imaging studies showed the disappearance of gas and epidural abscess. The existence of air in the spinal canal is a rare condition known as pneumorachis. To the best of our knowledge, such a long pneumorachis ranging from the cervical to the sacral spinal canal with epidural abscess caused by gas gangrene has not yet been described. We should therefore realize the possibility of epidural abscess produced by gas gangrene and treat it appropriately.
Educational and Fun? Parent Versus Preschooler Perceptions and Co-Use of Digital and Print Media
Authors: Strouse Gabrielle A. , Newland Lisa A. , Mourlam Daniel J.
Published: July 2019

This study was designed to assess parental beliefs, motivations, and facilitative co-use of print and digital media with preschoolers and identify differences between parents’ and children’s perceptions of these media. We surveyed 43 parents and interviewed their 3- to 5-year-old children. Parents reported their child enjoyed print more than digital books and predicted their child would choose a print over a digital book. Parents indicated they believed print was more educational and entertaining than digital media and were motivated to use print for children’s learning, relaxation, entertainment, and parent-child bonding. Parents also reported they use fewer facilitative behaviors when co-using digital than print media. Children more often chose to read the digital over the print book and more often selected digital devices across most motives. This study highlights a contrast between how parents and children view media and suggests that parents might better facilitate children’s digital media use by creating more interactive digital media co-use opportunities.
Sensitisation to staphylococcal enterotoxins and asthma severity: a longitudinal study in the EGEA cohort
Authors: Sintobin Ina , Siroux Valerie , Holtappels Gabriële , Pison Christophe , Nadif Rachel , Bousquet Jean , Bachert Claus
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Evidence is accumulating thatStaphylococcus aureusplays an important role as disease modifier in upper and lower airway diseases. Sensitisation toS. aureusenterotoxins (SEs) was associated with an increased risk of severe asthma in previous cross-sectional studies, but evidence from longitudinal studies is lacking. We aimed to assess associations between SE-sensitisation and the subsequent risk for asthma severity and exacerbations.

Methods

This is a nested case–control study from the 20-year Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) cohort, including 225 adults (75 without asthma, 76 with mild asthma and 74 with severe asthma) in EGEA2 (2003–2007). For 173 of these individuals, SE-sensitisation was measured on samples collected 11 years earlier (EGEA1). Cross-sectional associations were conducted for EGEA1 and EGEA2. Longitudinal analyses estimated the association between SE-sensitisation in EGEA1 and the risk of severe asthma and asthma exacerbations assessed in the follow-up. Models were adjusted for sex, age, smoking, parental asthma/allergy and skin-prick test to house dust mite.

Results

SE-sensitisation varied between 39% in controls to 58% and 76% in mild and severe asthma, respectively, in EGEA1. An adjusted cross-sectional association showed that SE-sensitisation was associated with an increased risk of severe, but not for mild asthma. SE-sensitisation in EGEA1 was associated with severe asthma (adjusted OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.18–6.15) and asthma exacerbations (adjusted OR 4.59, 95% CI 1.40–15.07) assessed 10–20 years later.

Conclusion

For the first time, this study shows that being sensitised to SEs is associated with an increased subsequent risk of severe asthma and asthma exacerbations.
Regulation of CD137 expression through K‐Ras signaling in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Glorieux Christophe , Huang Peng
Published: July 2019

Background

The interaction between CD137 and its ligand (CD137L) plays a major role in the regulation of immune functions and affects cancer immunotherapy. CD137 is a cell surface protein mainly located on activated T cells, and its regulation and functions in immune cells are well established. However, the expression of CD137 and its regulation in cancer cells remain poorly understood. The main purposes of this study were to examine the expression of CD137 in pancreatic cancer cells and to investigate its underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Cells containing inducible K‐RasG12V expression vector or with different K‐Ras mutational statuses were used as in vitro models to examine the regulation of CD137 expression by K‐Ras. Various molecular assays were employed to explore the regulatory mechanisms. Tumor specimens from 15 pancreatic cancer patients and serum samples from 10 patients and 10 healthy donors were used to test if the expression of CD137 could be validated in clinical samples.

Results

We found that the CD137 protein was expressed on the cell surface in pancreatic cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay revealed no difference in the levels of secreted CD137 in the sera of patients and healthy donors. By using the K‐Ras inducible cell system, we further showed that oncogenic K‐Ras up‐regulated CD137 through the activation of MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinases) and NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) pathways, as evidenced by significantly reduced CD137 mRNA expression led by genetic silencing of MAPK1 and p65, the key proteins involved in the respective pathways. Furthermore, we also found that the NF‐κB pathway was mainly stimulated by the K‐Ras‐induced secretion of interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) which promoted the transcription of the CD137 gene in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Analysis of the TCGA (the cancer genome atlas) database also revealed a significant correlation between IL‐1α and CD137 expression (r = 0.274) in tumor samples from pancreatic cancer patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The present study has demonstrated that the CD137 protein was expressed on pancreatic cancer cell surface, and has identified a novel mechanism by which K‐Ras regulates CD137 in pancreatic cancer cells through MAPK and NF‐κB pathways stimulated by IL‐1α.
Recent advances in colonoscopy
Authors: Seward Edward
Published: July 2019

Colonoscopy continues to evolve as equipment and techniques improve. Traditionally, colonoscopy has focused on adenoma detection, characterisation and resection as the primary aims, and there has certainly been considerable activity over the last few years in terms of addressing these important issues. This review article not only will discuss progress made in these areas but also will focus on when to colonoscope in terms of introduction of faecal immunochemical testing, how to insert with the advent of water-assisted insertion, and how to withdraw using a bundle of evidence-based techniques to improve adenoma detection. In addition, the ramifications of failing to discover polyps and of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer are highlighted.
CAPE for measuring callous-unemotional traits in disadvantaged families: a cross-sectional validation study
Authors: Centifanti Luna C.M. , Shaw Hannah , Atherton Katherine J. , Thomson Nicholas D. , MacLellan Susanne , Frick Paul J.
Published: July 2019

Background:Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are important for designating a distinct subgroup of children and adolescents with behaviour problems.  As a result, CU traits are now used to form the specifier “with Limited Prosocial Emotions” that is part of the diagnostic criteria for the Conduct Disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5thEdition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases 11thRevision (ICD-11).  Given this inclusion in major classification systems, it is important to develop and test methods for assessing these traits that can be used in clinical settings.  The present study aimed to validate a clinician rating of CU traits, the Clinical Assessment of Prosocial Emotions, Version 1.1 (CAPE 1.1), in a sample of hard-to-reach families referred to a government program designed to prevent the development of behaviour problems in high risk families.

Methods:Clinical ratings of children were obtained from 34 families of children ages 3 to 19 (M=12.2; SD=4.3). The ratings on the CAPE 1.1 were based on interviews with both parent and child.

Results:Of the sample, 21% (100% male) met the diagnostic cut-off for the specifier according to the CAPE 1.1, and CAPE 1.1 scores were associated with parent ratings of CU traits, psychopathic traits, and externalising behaviours. CAPE 1.1 ratings were also associated with risk for violence obtained from case files. 

Conclusions:These findings provide preliminary evidence for the validity of the CAPE 1.1 as clinician rated measure of CU traits.
A Visual Sensor for Domestic Service Robots
Authors: Attamimi Muhammad , Nagai Takayuki
Published: July 2019

In this study, we present a visual sensor for domestic service robots, which can capture both color information and three-dimensional information in real time, by calibrating a time of flight camera and two CCD cameras. The problem of occlusions is solved by the proposed occlusion detection algorithm. Since the proposed sensor uses two CCD cameras, missing color information of occluded pixels is compensated by one another. We conduct several evaluations to validate the proposed sensor, including investigation on object recognition task under occluded scenes using the visual sensor. The results revealed the effectiveness of proposed visual sensor.
Quintessential Childhood: Showing Care in the Exhibition of the Dionnes
Authors: Nicholas Jane
Published: July 2019

This article explores issues of curation pertaining to the exhibition of the Dionne Quintuplets. Born in 1934 in a small town in Ontario, the Quints were taken from their family to become wards of the province and viewed by over 3 million people in a specially constructed ‘hospital’ that served as the tourist attraction Quintland. For nine years the Quints were presented as exemplars of modern childhood. Two framing discourses will be explored: on the one hand, the presentation of ‘care’ and, on the other, the inscription of the Quints within an emergent aesthetic of ‘cuteness’. This analysis seeks to address the question of what it means to show care, as well as how the presentation of the Dionnes as ‘cute’ children attempted to distinguish their display from contemporaneous freak shows. While the curation of the girls’ within a medicalized discourse sought to present ideologically ‘correct’ bodies and images of idealized childhood, the freak show impulse to make their bodies profitable for consumption was nevertheless sustained by the state’s involvement in their display.
Un despiste en la traducción
Authors: Díaz Ferrero Ana María
Published: July 2019

Las nuevas tecnologías, y particularmente Internet, han supuesto una revolución en la metodología didáctica de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras así como en todas las disciplinas asociadas a ellas como la Traducción y la Interpretación. Un ejemplo de ello es el periodismo digital que permite no solo estar informado al instante sobre lo que sucede en todo el mundo, sino también acceder a textos reales en diferentes lenguas y realizar actividades para desarrollar la competencia lingüística y cultural del futuro traductor o intérprete. En este artículo realizamos un análisis con fines didácticos de errores de sentido hallados en textos periodísticos digitales redactados en español. Son interferencias producidas por falsos amigos semánticos al traducirlos del portugués al español. Tomando en consideración las principales características de la traducción periodística, analizamos el significado de cinco términos de la lengua portuguesa y las posibles causas que han originado los falsos sentidos en las noticias periodísticas analizadas en español.
EKSTRAKSI ASAM LEMAK BEBAS DARI MINYAK NABATI DENGAN METANOL KAJIAN PERPINDAHAN MASSA
Authors: Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Endy Yulianto Moh
Published: July 2019

Wahyuningsih, Moh Endy Yulianto, in this paper explain that extraction of free fatty acids from vegetable oils with methanol performed in batch stirred tank, in a variety of conditions. Variables experiments in liquid-liquid extraction including temperature, solvent ratio and rotational speed stirrer. This study aims to develop a correlation coefficient of mass transfer in extraction of free fatty acids from vegetable oils methanol. Rresearch was conducted in two phases. Was the first stage liquid-liquid extraction experiments in laboratory. Second step is the development of an empirical correlation for the mass transfer coefficients in the form of numbers not berdemensi results showed that the greater the temperature, turn the mixer speed and solvent-feed ratio of the mass transfer koffisien gained greater. Mass transfer coefficient expressed in Sherwood number and correlated against the Reynolds number, Schmitd, (dP / dT) and (L / S), the results obtained: Sh = 4,669 x 10-5 Re 0,462 Sc0,5 (dP/dT)0,308 (L/S)0,187 If used to calculate the mass transfer coefficients, have an average error of 8.79% for the regression line. This equation was developed in the Re number range 3169 to 11 750; numbers Sc 6321 to 9896, (dp / dT) from 0.0007 to 0.0013 and (L / S) of 0.333 to 1. Keywords: nabati oil extraction