bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Satire and its constraints: Case studies from Australia, Japan, and the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Davis Jessica Milner
Published: April 2016

Satire’s critical bite exposes it more often than other forms of humor to various kinds of restraint or control. While most studies of satire focus on its formal censorship (by editorial, legal or political decision), others acknowledge the additional role of internalized constraints (such as personal humor tastes and cultural conventions) that influence satirists in their creative work (self-censorship). This paper argues that constraints on satire (and humor generally) are not limited to those summed up as censorship and self-censorship and that examining reactions that occur after the initial success of a published satire helps to identify a wider range applying to satire and humor in different cultures and times. Focusing on reception rather than creation, therefore, this paper looks at specific cases of successfully published satire that subsequently stirred expressions of public offence in contemporary Australia, Japan, and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). A distinction is drawn between reactions stemming from personal and cultural constraints and opposition shaped by economic and politico-legal forces and interactions between the two are also considered. Moderators of the backlash effect also include the medium of communication and some stylistic features of satire.
Bosnian ‘Returnee Voices’ Communicating Experiences of Successful Reintegration. The Social Capital and Sustainable Return Nexus in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Porobič Selma
Published: April 2016

Large scale war-displacement during the 1990s in Bosnia and Herzegovina greatly altered the demography of that country and caused severe damage to its social fabric. However, until now few studies have addressed the nexus of social capital and reintegration there in areas with high rates of return. This study is focused on relational practices relevant to the social environment and people in Prijedor, Zvornik, and Novo Goražde, three well-known returnee municipalities. This author’s findings suggest that reintegration is critically linked to mobilisation of various forms of social capital during all phases of the return process, and point to overlooked grass-roots activism which goes on despite the unfavourable political and socio-economic situation in the country. Positive development takes place when there is little political interference at local community level in a strong civil society. It requires strong leaders and social initiative takers among formal and informal returnee associations as well as resourceful individual returnees, all of which working together shape and lead reintegration activities.
Remittances, Spending, and Political Instability in Ukraine
Authors: Kuntsevych Iuliia
Published: April 2016

This paper offers an analysis of remitt ances sent by Ukrainian emigrants to their country of origin. It explores how far the expenditure on remitt ances by individual Ukrainians and the total amount of all remitt ances received from abroad has been dependent on the political situation of the Orange Revolution and Presidential Elections in Ukraine in 2004. The author then investigated what effect the political instability in Ukraine had on how households there used such remittances. She used the results of a nationally representative survey of households in Ukraine to compare individual decisions to invest money received from remittances, and how those decisions depended on individual political views and future expectations. Changes in emigrants’ expectations might increase emigrants’ willingness to offer financial support to relatives remaining in Ukraine.
Entre el miedo y el derecho al delirio: un decir desde los ninguneados de Eduardo Galeano
Authors: Chacón Carlos Alberto , Botero Herrera Diego Alejandro
Published: April 2016

Este artículo presenta una reflexión desde un recorrido lector y escritural de la obra del escritor uruguayo Eduardo Galeano (1940-2015), en la cual los ninguneados como personajes de creación literaria son la fuente que anuncia las condiciones de la vida moderna con sus signos de desigualdad y miedo. Pero también, en condición sensible de posibilidad, el derecho al delirio como abandono y resistencia a las marcas infligidas por los discursos y actos omniabarcantes y totalitarios, resultado de la crisis de civilización a la que asistimos. El artículo dice de Eduardo Galeano, como hombre de letras y palabras, que subvierte las maneras inefables del poder, para hacer y pronunciar desde ellas las resistencias a sus fuerzas homogeneizantes. Este autor delira y construye las figuras del ninguneado, los nadies, los ningunos, como cuerpos de la periferia, excluidos por las maneras biopolíticas de controlar el mundo. Figuras que se presentan como sarcasmos poéticos para pensar el desarrollo, la explotación bárbara de la vida humana y no humana, el desgarramiento de una tierra ya no habitada sino dominada y el sufrimiento humano como efecto devastador de sus designios. El ensayo contiene rasgos biográficos en cuanto vida y obra del escritor uruguayo, apuntes etimológicos y secciones narrativas en torno a la condición de los nadies como cuerpos del exilio en la morada habitada; así mismo, de manera crítica, el desarrollo como promesa sobre el temor de los ninguneados, y finaliza con un fragmento del derecho al delirio: sentida muestra de su pensamiento.
Complicidad, acompañamiento y confrontación. Un análisis de los editoriales del diario La Nación publicados los 24 de marzo durante el período 1976-2014
Authors: Schuttenberg Mauricio , Fontana Julián
Published: April 2016

Este artículo aborda la construcción de la memoria en torno a la última dictadura cívico-militar en el diario La Nación desde 1976 hasta 2014. Para esto, partimos de concebir al diario como un actor que interviene desde su propio núcleo de intereses, además de constituir un soporte y espacio de difusión de las ideas políticas de los sectores conservadores de nuestro país. El trabajo muestra la evolución del discurso y establece tres grandes etapas. La primera destaca el apoyo explícito a la dictadura. La segunda se da con la recuperación de la democracia donde el punto nodal del discurso del medio será el de la unión nacional, en torno a un núcleo de contenidos que garanticen la “normalización de la vida republicana”, en función de los intereses de los sectores dominantes. El tercero es a partir de 2003, cuando se construyen los gobiernos kirchneristas como un nuevo tipo de autoritarismo antirrepublicano promotor de una memoria parcial.
A Two Parameter Discrete Lindley Distribution
Authors: Hussain Tassaddaq , Aslam Muhammad , Ahmad Munir
Published: April 2016

In this article we have proposed and discussed a two parameter discrete Lindley distribution. The derivation of this new model is based on a two step methodology i.e. mixing then discretizing, and can be viewed as a new generalization of geometric distribution. The proposed model has proved itself as the least loss of information model when applied to a number of data sets (in an over and under dispersed structure). The competing models such as Poisson, Negative binomial, Generalized Poisson and discrete gamma distributions are the well known standard discrete distributions. Its Lifetime classification, kurtosis, skewness, ascending and descending factorial moments as well as its recurrence relations, negative moments, parameters estimation via maximum likelihood method, characterization and discretized bi-variate case are presented.
Enhancing the Mean Ratio Estimators for Estimating Population Mean Using Non-Conventional Location Parameters
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Abbas Nasir , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Lin Zhengyan
Published: April 2016

Conventional measures of location are commonly used to develop ratio estimators. However, in this article, we attempt to use some non-conventional location measures. We have incorporated tri-mean, Hodges-Lehmann, and mid-range of the auxiliary variable for this purpose. To enhance the efficiency of the proposed mean ratio estimators, population correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation and the linear combinations of auxiliary variable have also been exploited. The properties associated with the proposed estimators are evaluated through bias and mean square errors. We also provide an empirical study for illustration and verification.
Resiliencia y Variables Asociadas en Cuidadores Informales de Pacientes con Alzheimer
Authors: Cerquera Córdoba Ara Mercedes , Pabón Poches Daysy Katherine
Published: April 2016

La resiliencia es una variable protectora ante el rol del cuidador, por ello, este estudio pretende identificar la relación entre la resiliencia y la sobrecarga, la depresión, la percepción de apoyo social y estrategias de afrontamiento. Se trata de un estudio transversal de alcance correlacional que contó con una muestra de 101 cuidadores, evaluados por medio de los instrumentos Zarit, MOS, IDER, Coping, la Escala de Resiliencia de Wagnild y Young. Se identificaron correlaciones positivas estadísticamente significativas entre apoyo social y solución de problemas como estrategia de afrontamiento y resiliencia, y correlaciones negativas con depresión, evidenciando en estos resultados los factores protectores y de riesgo que pueden aportar a la creación de futuros programas de intervención.
El Lado Socialmente Deseable de las Respuestas a Medidas de Burnout y Engagement: un Estudio Preliminar
Authors: Fernández-Arata Manuel , Merino-Soto César
Published: April 2016

El presente estudio reporta la asociación divergente entre la deseabilidad social y las respuestas al MBI-GS y UWES, dos
instrumentos que miden constructos considerados opuestos: burnout y engagement. Esta relación ha sido muy pocas veces explorada, y menos aun en sujetos hispanos. Los participantes fueron trabajadores de tiendas comerciales en la zona central de Lima Metropolitana. Se halló que la deseabilidad social comparte varianza con los puntajes de agotamiento emocional e indiferencia, pero esta relación estuvo influenciada por el instrumento de medición de la deseabilidad social. Las correlaciones parciales entre los puntajes del MBI no fueron prácticamente diferentes de sus correlaciones de orden cero. El UWES no covarió con deseabilidad social. Se concluye que la deseabilidad social tiene poca influencia sobre los puntajes orientados hacia el burnout en el MBI.
Discurso narrativo e presente histórico em Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Leal Ivanhoé Albuquerque
Published: April 2016

Analisamos uma das teses da teoria narrativa de Paul Ricoeur que concede ao discurso histórico a habilidade de configurar a experiência temporal humana, sempre exposta à trama de perspectivas cruzadas entre a expectativa do futuro, a recepção do passado e a vivência do presente. Face à multiplicidade do tempo, os lineamentos argumentativos ricoeurianos indicam o ato narrativo como a condição tanto de pensar a efetividade das ações humanas e sua reconstrução histórica quanto de forjar uma unidade plural própria a uma consciência hermenêutica
Humanidade e dignidade em Kant
Authors: Nodari Paulo César
Published: April 2016

A ciência e a tecnologia ocupam um lugar fundamental e insubstituível na construção da realidade sociocultural atual. Estão ligadas ao destino da vida humana, sendo que o ser do homem está marcado cada vez mais pela ciência e a depender dela em sua efetivação. Porém, do expressivo avanço científico tecnológico advém um dilema que penetra o âmago da realidade sociocultural humana. O homem contemporâneo, por um lado, sente-se orgulhoso de ter superado a pura facticidade existencial de uma vida simplesmente inserida em crenças tradicionais, assumindo, por sua vez, a consciência de seu processo de autoconstrução e uma vida eminentemente racionalizada, mas, por outro, ele não consegue superar e ultrapassar a vigência histórica da normatividade da comunidade humana histórica na qual ele está inserido. Contudo, percebendo-se que o progresso científicotecnológico avança rapidamente, exigindo, pois, um novo espectro do raciocínio ético da ação, dimensão esta desconhecida a todas as formas precedentes de ação e reflexão, constata-se certo descompasso entre os avanços da ciência e da tecnologia com o alcance da reflexão e da práxis do agir ético, especialmente, depois que a ciência e a técnica ampliaram a margem de liberdade e autonomia a ponto de ser possível afirmar, depois de um desencantamento da natureza externa, agora, uma espécie de um novo encantamento com a natureza interna. À luz dessa nova conjuntura sociocultural, tem-se o propósito de remontar à Fundamentação da metafísica dos costumes de Kant na segunda formulação do imperativo categórico, humanidade como fim, a fim de investigar se a mesma, por um lado, pode ser aproximada à compreensão do fim último e do fim final no processo de moralização na Crítica do juízo, e, por outro lado, se tal formulação pode ser ancoradouro razoável à discussão ética contemporânea de espectro em nentemente científico.
Semântica Expressivista
Authors: Mendonça Wilson
Published: April 2016

O programa semântico do expressivismo surgiu como uma tentativa de fundamentar a visão não-cognitivista do discurso ético, mas logo foi generalizado de forma a cobrir a linguagem normativa em geral. Ele promete desenvolver uma alternativa global à abordagem clássica da semântica das condições de verdade: uma teoria não factualista, baseada na pragmática, do significado linguístico. Os expressivistas veem o conteúdo das sentenças normativas como determinado por seu uso primário, que é não-descritivo. As versões tradicionais da semântica expressivista procedem associando sistematicamente às sentenças normativas as atitudes mentais que elas convencionalmente expressam. Elas assumem que, se as sentenças simples expressam atitudes, a aplicação a essas sentenças dos conectivos da lógica proposicional ou da ligação de variáveis resulta em sentenças complexas que também expressam atitudes. O núcleo do presente trabalho avalia algumas tentativas influentes de desenvolvimento do programa expressivista, focando em um problema discutido com veemência na literatura: o “problema da negação para o expressivismo.” Algumas abordagens propostas nos últimos anos, baseadas na rejeição da assunção central do expressivismo tradicional, são consideradas em detalhes. Embora uma avaliação definitiva dessas abordagens inovadoras como explicações satisfatórias do funcionamento da linguagem normativa não possa ainda ser alcançada, o trabalho afirma que há razões para otimismo.
A Filosofia e os desafios do século XXI em debate
Authors: Cornelli Gabriele , Brandão Renato
Published: April 2016

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Validación de contenido léxico de los textos para la comprensión lectora del test de lectura y escritura en español (LEE) para su aplicación en Costa Rica
Authors: Carpio Brenes María De los Ángeles , Méndez Chacón Ericka
Published: April 2016

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la validación de contenido léxico de seis textos para la comprensión lectora del Test de Lectura y Escritura en Español (LEE), que se realizó en el II Ciclo 2013 como primer paso para la adaptación de ese instrumento a nuestro contexto educativo costarricense, pues al ser una batería de pruebas argentino-española, el vocabulario se ajusta al utilizado en Costa Rica. Para sustentar esta afirmación, se hizo este estudio con un enfoque instrumental utilizando metodología cuantitativa, donde se utilizó la triangulación para el análisis de los datos suministrados por tres fuentes de información: estudiantes, docentes y personas expertas. Los resultados demuestran que el léxico de los textos es comprensible para una muestra de 477 estudiantes de segundo, tercero y cuarto grados de 15 escuelas del Circuito 09 de la Región Educativa de Cartago; estos datos están apoyados por el criterio de las 35 personas docentes y 5 expertas participantes. Se identificaron muy pocas palabras en los seis textos que podrían generar confusión en la comprensión de los mismos por un asunto de léxico (términos propios de cada región), de las cuales se recomendarán sinónimos como ajuste del test para la segunda parte de este estudio, que corresponde a la determinación de la confiabilidad y validez de contenido, de constructo y de criterio de la totalidad del test para su uso en Costa Rica.
Rendimiento académico y autopercepción de inteligencias múltiples e inteligencia emocional en universitarios de primera generación
Authors: Barraza López René , González A. Mauricio
Published: April 2016

El objetivo del presente artículo fue determinar la relación entre la autopercepción de inteligencias múltiples e inteligencia emocional y el rendimiento académico alcanzado por 252 estudiantes de nivel universitario de diversas carreras de la Universidad Santo Tomás-La Serena, tras el primer año de educación universitaria. Los antecedentes teóricos y empíricos establecen que el rendimiento académico se asociaría a variables novedosas como: ser primer miembro familiar en iniciar estudios universitarios y a la autopercepción de habilidad; no obstante, la evidencia disponible respecto de esta relación es aún escasa y contradictoria, más todavía si se considera que el grupo evaluado proviene mayoritariamente de familias con padres sin  formación universitaria. Desde un enfoque cuantitativo se aplicó la escala TMMS-24 para la evaluación de la autopercepción de inteligencia emocional y la escala MIDAS-teens para la evaluación de la autopercepción de inteligencias múltiples. Los resultados revelan correlaciones débiles entre rendimiento académico y la autopercepción de las inteligencias: lingüística, lógico-matemática, además de una correlación inversa con la autopercepción de la rama atención de inteligencia emocional; de este modo, no evidencia correlación con la otras dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional y de las inteligencias múltiples. A partir del análisis de regresión múltiple se establece que no es posible explicar la varianza del rendimiento académico desde la autopercepción de las inteligencias mencionadas. Queda abierta la interrogante en cuanto al real efecto de la autovaloración de las propias capacidades en el rendimiento académico, como también el efecto de las formas de evaluación utilizadas en diversas áreas disciplinares respecto de estos resultados.
How Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Human Evolution David McNeill (2012)
Authors: Nicolas Ramona Kunene
Published: April 2016

How Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Human Evolution David McNeill (2012)
Enhancing metalinguistic knowledge
Authors: Gánem-Gutiérrez Gabriela Adela
Published: April 2016

Framed within a Sociocultural theory perspective to L2 learning, this article investigated the potential of a suite of pedagogical materials for enhancing metalinguistic knowledge in a foreign/second (L2) language context. The linguistic focus of the project was the tense-aspect system, specifically the contrast between the Preterite and the Imperfect in Spanish given the challenges this poses for L2 learners. Six L1 English university students of L2 Spanish at intermediate level volunteered to participate in the study. Drawing on a pre/post-test research design as well as qualitative microgenetic analysis, the study revealed that all the participants benefited from the treatment and interaction with the pedagogical materials. The finding also reveal interesting insights into metalinguistic and strategic resources used by the participants to describe contrasts between the Preterite and Imperfect. The article concludes by discussing pedagogical and research implications regarding the alternative approach to L2 explicit grammar instruction considered in this study.
Reaction to the Commentary by Saeed Karimi-Aghdam
Authors: McCafferty Steven G.
Published: April 2016

Reaction to the Commentary by Saeed Karimi-Aghdam
Language and social determinism in the Vygotskian tradition
Authors: Jones Peter E.
Published: April 2016

‘[Starbucks baristas] live for the moment in the immediate, circumscribed, visible, here and now … This catalyzes the fragmented, disorganized, non descriptive, nonsystematic, illogical, limited speech (and thinking) of these individuals’ (Ratner, 2015: 68).

‘In a little less than three years, I’ve been on strike 10 times. I’ve watched as the movement spread to Chicago, St. Louis, and then all around the country and the world. I traveled to Denmark, where I visited with fast-food workers who are paid more than $21 an hour, and it gave me hope that winning higher pay was actually possible.’ (Winning $15 an hour means everything to me: http://www.cnbc.com/2015/07/23/ winning-the-15-minimum-wage-fight-commentary.html).
ÜRETİM İÇİN YENİ BİR İZLEK: SANAYİ 4.0
Authors: ALÇIN Sinan
Published: April 2016

Son yıllarda, başta gelişmiş pazar ekonomileri olmak üzere, uluslararası değer zincirinin halkalarını oluşturan çokuluslu şirketlerin gündeminde Sanayi 4.0 kavramı ve bu kavramın imalat ve hizmet alanlarındaki olası yansımaları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. 4. Sanayi Devrimi olarak da isimlendirilen bu yeni süreç, otomasyonun bir üst düzeyine işaret etmektedir. Sanayi 4.0’ın ayırt edici özelliği, üretim süreçleri içerisinde yer alan tüm araç ve makinaların sensorler ve internet aracılığıyla karşılıklı etkileşime geçerek üretimi eş-anlı düzenlemeleridir. Üretim için gerekli verinin bulut sistemi içerisinde depolanacağı sanayinin bu yeni formunda mekan ve zaman katılıklarının aşılması öngörülmektedir. İleri mühendislik ve sistemler arası tam entegrasyonu içeren Sanayi 4.0’ün, uluslararası alanda ucuz işgücüne dayalı rekabet yerine yüksek katma değerli üretime dayalı rekabeti geçirmesi beklenmektedir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkeler için Sanayi 4.0’ün anlaşılıp ulusal sanayilere entegrasyonu, bu ülkelerin uluslararası işbölümünde üstlenecekleri yeni rolleri de belirleyecektir. Bu çalışmada, dünyada 2011 yılından itibaren kavramsallaştırılan Sanayi 4.0’ün temel özellikleri ve olası yansımaları tartışılmaktadır.
Absenteísmo por transtornos mentais em trabalhadores de saúde em um hospital no sul do Brasil
Authors: Santana Leni de Lima , Sarquis Leila Maria Mansano , Brey Christiane , Miranda Fernanda Moura D’Almeida , Felli Vanda Elisa Andres
Published: April 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o perfil de adoecimento por transtornos mentais e comportamentais em trabalhadores de saúde de um hospital de ensino no sul do Brasil. Métodos pesquisa quantitativa, epidemiológica transversal retrospectiva cuja coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de documentos institucionais utilizados para alimentar o Sistema de Monitoramento da Saúde do Trabalhador de Enfermagem e envolveu todos os afastamentos ocorridos em 2011. Resultados Foram contabilizados 55 registros de afastamentos por Transtornos Mentais e Comportamentais que totalizaram 317 dias de absenteísmo. Os Técnicos de Enfermagem foram os profissionais mais afastados com o equivalente a 29,09% dos registros. As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva representaram os setores com o maior número de dias de absenteísmo, totalizando 81% e os Episódios depressivos obtiveram a frequência mais significativa, 52,72% dos transtornos mentais. Conclusão Os resultados evidenciaram que os transtornos mentais em trabalhadores de saúde constituem uma realidade preocupante que necessitam urgentemente de intervenções.
Patterns of Biologics Use Across Treatment Lines in Elderly (Age >65) Medicare Patients With Metastatic Colon Cancer
Authors: Bikov Kaloyan A. , Mullins C. Daniel , Hung Anna , Seal Brian , Onukwugha Eberechukwu , Hanna Nader
Published: April 2016

Background.

We explored biologics receipt in metastatic colon cancer.

Methods.

We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data of 4,545 elderly patients diagnosed with incident metastatic colon cancer from 2003 to 2009, treated with chemotherapy and/or biologics, and followed up through 2010.

Results.

A total of 2,504 (55%) patients received a biologics-containing regimen. Treatment with biologics fluctuated between 46% and 63% of first-line regimens and 67% and 73% of second-line regimens. Bevacizumab accounted for 95% of first-line and 68% of second-line biologics use. Cetuximab accounted for 33% of second-line and 48% of third-line use. Panitumumab accounted for 5% of second-line and 27% of third-line use. The adjusted odds of biologics receipt decreased rapidly with age, resulting in a threefold difference between the youngest and the oldest study participants in the sample (odds ratio [OR] 0.35, p < .01). African Americans (OR 0.77, p = .03) and patients with Charlson Comorbidity Index of 1 (OR 0.83, p = .02) or >1 (OR 0.75, p < .01) were considerably less likely to receive biologics therapy. Medicare state buy-in was associated with 2% lower odds of receiving biologics (OR 0.98, p = .04).

Conclusion.

After controlling for sociodemographic and clinical differences, age, race, comorbidities, and low income had a statistically significantly negative effect on the likelihood of receiving biologics among treated patients. Use of biologics varied over time, across the treatment continuum, and by chemotherapy regimen. Bevacizumab was most frequently used in both first- and second-line treatment. Cetuximab was the second most prescribed biologic. Panitumumab use was mostly limited to third-line treatment.
Amendments to the Reservoirs Act 1975
Authors: O'Brien Matthew
Published: April 2016

On 1 April 2016 the Reservoirs Act 1975 will be amended in Wales with new regulations coming into force.
Sex Differences in Renal Proximal Tubular Cell Homeostasis
Authors: Seppi Thomas , Prajczer Sinikka , Dörler Maria-Magdalena , Eiter Oliver , Hekl Daniel , Nevinny-Stickel Meinhard , Skvortsova Iraida , Gstraunthaler Gerhard , Lukas Peter , Lechner Judith
Published: April 2016

Studies in human patients and animals have revealed sex-specific differences in susceptibility to renal diseases. Because actions of female sex hormones on normal renal tissue might protect against damage, we searched for potential influences of the female hormone cycle on basic renal functions by studying excretion of urinary marker proteins in healthy human probands. We collected second morning spot urine samples of unmedicated naturally ovulating women, postmenopausal women, and men daily and determined urinary excretion of the renal tubular enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glutathione-S-transferase–α. Additionally, we quantified urinary excretion of blood plasma proteins α1–microglobulin, albumin, and IgG. Naturally cycling women showed prominent peaks in the temporal pattern of urinary fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glutathione-S-transferase–α release exclusively within 7 days after ovulation or onset of menses. In contrast, postmenopausal women and men showed consistently low levels of urinary fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase excretion over comparable periods. We did not detect changes in urinary α1–microglobulin, albumin, or IgG excretion. Results of this study indicate that proximal tubular tissue architecture, representing a nonreproductive organ–derived epithelium, undergoes periodical adaptations phased by the female reproductive hormone cycle. The temporally delimited higher rate of enzymuria in ovulating women might be a sign of recurring increases of tubular cell turnover that potentially provide enhanced repair capacity and thus, higher resistance to renal damage.
“Quem gostou da história?” – a compreensão de leitura na educação infantil: possibilidades e desafios
Authors: Cordeiro Dilian Da Rocha
Published: April 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer as concepções sobre leitura e compreensão de textos escritos de professoras que atuavam nos últimos anos da educação infantil. Os sujeitos de nossa pesquisa foram duas professoras da rede municipal do Recife. Partimos do entendimento de que a compreensão de texto é algo que pode ser ensinado (BRANDÃO; ROSA, 2010). Adotamos o conceito de leitura como construção de sentido (SOLÉ, 1998) e defendemos que algumas habilidades específicas de leitura devem ser desenvolvidas para essa compreensão (Oakhill; Cain, 2004). Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas.Os resultados indicam que as professoras tinham uma representação de leitura bastante positiva, porém não identificavam a compreensão de textos como objeto de ensino. Percebeu-se que, mesmo sendo uma prática rotineira, não tinham como objetivo o desenvolvimento da compreensão de texto por parte das crianças.
Effect dietary choline supplementation on egg quality and serumbiochemical profile in White Pekin Ducks
Authors: Rath Rajashree , Mishra Suryakant , Panigrahi Bhagirathi , Singh Vijay , Tewari Himani , Tyagi Kalpna
Published: April 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of choline in diet (a TMA precursor) on egg quality, serum biochemistry and presence of off flavour in eggs of White Pekin Ducks. 30 White Pekin ducks (45 weeks age) housed in individual cages were subjected to three dietary treatment groups and were. The dietary treatment groups consisted of two levels of choline as TMA precursor viz; 3g/kg diet, 6g/kg diet and a control diet devoid of choline. The results revealed highly significant (P<0.0001) effect of choline on yolk weight and HU than the control. However the other egg quality traits i.,e egg weight, albumen weight, shell weight, albumen index, yolk index, shape index, shell thickness were not influenced. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (P<0.0001) reduced in high choline group (6g/kg diet) followed by low choline group (3g/kg diet) and control. The liver enzymes (SGPT and SGOT) were significantly lower (P<0.0001) in both the supplemented groups as compared to control. No significant effect was found for serum total protein and serum glucose levels. Presence of off flavour (fishy flavour) was more evident in the eggs of choline group (6g/kg diet) than the control group. It can be concluded that the presence of choline in the diet had minimal effect on the egg quality parameters of Pekin ducks except for yolk weight and albumen quality, however there was significant reduction in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels.
Unravelling the Tensions Between Chronic Disease Management and End-of-Life Planning
Authors: Thorne Sally , Roberts Della , Sawatzky Richard
Published: April 2016

An increasing appreciation for the burden that chronic conditions represent for people and for societies has triggered an evolving body of popular and professional conceptualizations of the nature of the chronic disease challenge. In this discussion article, we trace the trajectory of thinking about chronic illness care, surfacing underlying assumptions and drivers that have shaped current dominant models of service delivery. We note significant gaps in these conceptualizations, especially with respect to the reality that many chronic conditions are life limiting. Contrasting chronic disease theorizing with the conversations that have arisen around end-of-life care for other kinds of health conditions, we argue for a shift in our thinking to accommodate the implications of life limitation in our service delivery planning. We see significant leadership potential in optimizing the role nurses can play across the chronic disease trajectory by integrating the healthy optimism of self-care management with the profound compassion of a person-centered palliative approach.
CULTURAL COMMENTARY BOOK REVIEW
Authors: Reed Brenda
Published: April 2016

Book review
Sequenciamento de biológicos em câncer colorretal metastático (CCRm): uma análise de comparação de custos para pacientes CCRm RAS selvagens no Brasil
Authors: Weschenfelder Rui Fernando , Tsuchiya Carolina , Kim Hellen , Simões Jairo , Scala Cintia
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Comparar o custo de tratamento de diferentes sequências de regimes incluindo anticorpos monoclonais no tratamento de câncer colorretal metastático (CCRm) no Sistema de Saúde Suplementar Brasileiro. Métodos: Dezesseis cenários foram analisados, cada um comparando uma sequência de bevacizumabe TML (Bev TML) mais um anti-EGFR em terceira linha, com outra sequência sem bevacizumabe TML (não-Bev TML). Os anti-EGFRs cetuximabe e panitumumabe forma incluídos. Os custos mensais e totais do sequenciamento terapêutico foram comparados por pacientes. Resultados: As sequências com Bev TML trouxeram economia de recursos em 50% de todos os cenários, e especialmente comparado aos regimes iniciando com cetuximabe em primeira linha de tratamento. Considerando os cenários em que os regimes não-Bev TML apresentaram menos custo, todos iniciaram o sequenciamento com bevacizumabe seguido de um medicamento biológico anti-EGFR. Conclusões: Os regimes Bev TML apresentaram economia de recursos comparado aos cenários com não-Bev TML que iniciaram com cetuximabe, apesar do uso de bevacizumabe em múltiplas linhas e da adição de medicamento biológico anti-EGFR em terceira linha no tratamento de CCRm. Considerando os demais cenários em que os regimes Bev-TML não apresentaram economia de recursos, os regimes iniciando com Bev apresentaram menor custo total. Desta maneira, iniciar o tratamento com bevacizumabe proporciona um gerenciamento mais racional de uso de recursos, assim como, permite aos médicos adicionar um medicamento biológico em terceira linha, potencialmente melhorando o manejo a longo prazo do CCRm com RAS selvagem.
Uma abordagem econômica de processos judiciais de medicamentos impetrados contra um município do sul do Brasil
Authors: Mello Alexandra , Soares Letícia , Areda Camila , Blatt Carine Raquel , Galato Dayani
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: Apresentar uma análise econômica dos processos judiciais impetrados contra um município de médio porte. Métodos: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo com base na análise de documentos dos processos judiciais impetrados no ano de 2010 contra o município. Resultados: A maioria dos processos era representada por advogados particulares e continha prescrição de médicos provenientes do sistema privado. A antecipação de tutela foi concedida em 88,8% dos casos. O gasto por medicamento por paciente pela via judicial foi em torno de 200 vezes maior do que o gasto com medicamentos do Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica. 50,0% do custo total de medicamentos adquiridos pela via judicial foram gastos com agentes antineoplásicos e imunomoduladores, mas estes foram disponibilizados a apenas 8,0% dos pacientes litigantes. Medicamentos presentes no componente especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica e medicamentos inovadores representaram, respectivamente, 36,8% e 16,0% do custo total. Conclusões: A solicitação de medicamentos via judicial tem um custo médio por paciente muito mais elevado do que os medicamentos do Componente Básico da Assistência Farmacêutica e parte significativa deste custo está associado à solicitação de medicamentos novos, bem como a antineoplásicos e imunossupressores.
KONSTRUKSI MAKNA YURIDIS MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT DALAM PASAL 18B UUDN RI TAHUN 1945 UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI ADANYA MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT
Authors: Sabardi Lalu
Published: April 2016

Tulisan ini menjelaskan perdebatan konseptual tentang apa yang dimaksud sebagai Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam konteks hukum Indonesia. Definisi tersebut telah diatur di dalam peraturan perundangan dan Undang-undang Dasar 1945 yang telah diamandemen. Batasan definisi tersebut masih mensyaratkan pengakuan Negara. Definisi atau konsep tentang masyarakat hukum adat menjadi penting untuk diatur dalam undang-undang, dalam rangka memberi penguatan terhadap pengakuan dan perlindungan atas hak-hak masyarakat hukum adat, terutama ketika mereka mengakses sumber daya alam.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN HASIL HUTAN BUKAN KAYU (HHBK) DI NTB DAN NTT
Authors: Wibowo Gatot Dwi Hendro
Published: April 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kebijakan yang terkait dengan pengelolaan Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP‟s). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan pilihan kebijakan dalam pengembangan NTFP secara tepat dan sesuai dengan karakteristik masing-masing lokasi penelitian ini. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan metode penelitian hukum normatif dan empiris. Disini, metode penelitian hukum empiris digunakan untuk membantu penelitian hukum doktrinal atau normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan bahwa NTFP itu, pertama, tidak sepenuhnya peduli atau belum sekalipun ada kesadaran bahwa potensi NTFP'S cukup memadai dan memberikan manfaat sebaik mungkin bagi orang-orang terutama bagi mereka yang tinggal sekitar kawasan hutan. Indikatornya adalah kebijakan NTFP itu tidak berlaku pada produk peraturan di daerah-daerah dan/atau rencana strategis kabupaten/ kota. Kedua, hasil studi manajemen, NTFP memiliki nilai indikatif dan akademik teknis saja, telah ada yang mengikat secara hukum berlaku untuk perancang dan penggunanya. Oleh karena itu, kebutuhan NTFP itu dasar hukum yang jelas mengikat bagi para pembuat hukum dan justiciabels. Ketiga, ada berbagai pilihan kebijakan dalam mengelola perlu diberlakukan dalam hukum/kebijakan produk NTFP, antara lain pembentukan kelompok kerja NTFP'S; penentuan komoditas yang disukai dan memiliki nilai kompetitif dari NTFP di kawasan itu, Penyusunan Strategi, Kebijakan dan Program Manajemen NTFP di kawasan itu, dan Peraturan Manajemen Usaha NTFP di Kawasan. Keempat, ada peluang hukum untuk mengajukan revisi terhadap Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor P.35/Menhut-II / 2007 tentang: Produk Hutan Non Timbers melalui prosedur atau mekanisme terciptanya peraturan dan regulasi.
PERBANDINGAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN DI INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA-NEGARA COMMON LAW SYSTEM
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: April 2016

Sejak tahun 2001, di Indonesia sesuai dengan amanat Pasal 49 ayat (1) Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, telah dibentuk Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 90 Tahun 2001 tentang Pembentukan BPSK pada beberapa kota di Indonesia. Di beberapa Negara yang menganut Common Law System, kasus-kasus sengketa konsumen diselesaikan oleh lembaga yang disebut The Small Claims Court (SCC) dan The Small Claims Tribunal (SCT). Perbedaan penyelesaian melalui BPSK dengan SCC dan SCT adalah BPSK menyelesaikan sengketa konsumen yang berskala kecil, formal dan biaya murah, namun tidak membatasi besar gugatan yang diajukan konsumen, sedangkan SCT memberikan batasan yang jelas mengenai gugatan yang dapat diajukan oleh konsumen. Pada penyelesaian model SCC, majelis yang menyelesaikan perkara berasal dari unsur hakim aktif dan pensiunan, sedangkan pada BPSK majelis berasal dari unsur pemerintah, pelaku usaha dan konsumen dengan latar belakang yang berbeda-beda.
PRIVATISASI BUMN DAN OTONOMI DAERAH DALAM PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI INDONESIA
Authors: Alif M. Rizal
Published: April 2016

Privatisasi bukan semata-mata dimaknai sebagai penjualan saham perusahaan BUMN, melainkan menjadi alat dan cara pembenahan BUMN untuk mencapai beberapa sasaran sekaligus, termasuk di dalamnya adalah peningkatan kinerja dan nilai tambah perusahaan, perbaikan struktur keuangan dan manajemen, penciptaan struktur industri yag sehat dan kompetitif, pemberdayaan BUMN mampu bersaing dan berorientasi global, penyebaran kepemilikan oleh publik serta pengembangan modal domestik. Wujud perekonomian yang akan dibangun harus adil dan merata, mencerminkan peningkatan peran daerah dan pemberdayaan seluruh rakyat, berdaya saing dengan basis efisiensi, sert mejamin keberlanjutan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan hidup seiring dengan semangat era Otonomi Daerah dan globalisasi investasi dan perdagangan bebas.
KEBEBASAN HAKIM MEMUTUS PERKARA DALAM KONTEKS PANCASILA (DITINJAU DARI KEADILAN “SUBSTANTIF”)
Authors: Setyanegara Ery
Published: April 2016

Konstitusi hukum Indonesia pada tahun 1945 menyatakan bahwa Indonesia adalah negara hukum. Hal-hal yang penting bagi suatu negara untuk mendapatkan jaminan untuk hakim dalam menerapkan tugasnya keadilan. Kebebasan para hakim adalah hakim bebas untuk memecahkan masalah tanpa campur tangan. Ini diperlukan, sehingga mereka dapat memberikan memecahkan dan evaluasi penilaian. Hukum Sosiologi Antropologi telah membuka mata kita dalam hukum atau penilaian, dan tidak semua teks bisa kita percaya sebagai representasi dalam hidup kita. Hukum tidak hanya teks, tetapi juga lebih dalam. Beberapa masyarakat menyatakan bahwa "Hukum diambil fakta dari mitos". Untuk melihat sikap manusia sebagai hukum, jadi perlu kemauan kita untuk mengubah konsep hukum. Tidak hanya tentang aturan tetapi juga sebagai perilaku selama kita menjaga aturan, negara hanya menyediakan fasilitas dengan hukum diciptakan dan diberikan kepada warga negara. Budaya yang terdiri dari nilai-nilai dan sikap yang mempengaruhi cara hukum. Di sini, Lawrence M. Friedman menyebutkan " Budaya Hukum menambahkan fungsi untuk menghubungkan antara aturan hukum dan aturan sikap di masyarakat". Di sisi lain, budaya dibagi menjadi dua, budaya hukum internal dan budaya pengacara.
KEBIJAKAN PEMBERIAN REMISI BAGI KORUPTOR, SUATU TELAAH KRITIS DARI PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI HUKUM
Authors: Hendratno Edie Toet
Published: April 2016

Secara sosiologis, pemberian remisi untuk narapidana sesungguhnya sangat melukai masyarakat yang telah lama menanti kesejahteraan dan keadilan. Banyak pihak berpendapat, merosotnya kesejahteraan masyarakat berkaitan dengan korupsi yang merajalela di Indonesia. Di tambah lagi, banyak pihak yang mendukung rencana Kementerian Hukum dan HAM menetapkan moratorium remisi bagi narapidana. Hal itu menunjukkan banyak pihak yang menentang kebijakan remisi tersebut. Pemberian remisi oleh Kementerian Hukum dan HAM adalah fakta yang dapat menjadi pemicu pertentangan-pertentangan dalam masyarakat dewasa ini. Remisi yang diberikan kepada narapidana kasus korupsi pada peringatan Hari Kemerdekaan dan Hari Raya Idul Fitri telah menjadi sesuatu yang rutin. Secara umum, remisi itu diberikan berdasar pada dua kriteria remisi jangka panjang, yaitu berkelakuan baik selama di penjara dan telah menjalani pemidanaan setidaknya enam bulan. Pasal 34 paragraf (3) Peraturan Pemerintah No. 28 tahun 2006 menentukan bahwa remisi dapat diberikan setelah narapidana menjalani sepertiga masa tahanan. Korupsi adalah kejahatan luar biasa sebagaimana United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) mengklasifikasikan korupsi sebagai kejahatan HAM atau kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan. Pemidanaan maksimal semestinya diberikan kepada pelakunya, tanpa remisi. Mereka telah merugikan keuangan Negara yang berujung pada kerugian jutaan warga Negara, sehingga mereka tidak boleh diistimewakan. Mereka semestinya dimiskinkan dan mendapat sanksi sosial, bukan mendapat keistimewaan selama di penjara. Pemidanaan tersebut harusnya tidak hanya menjadi pelajaran bagi si narapidana, tetapi juga menjadi pelajaran bagi jutaan warga negara di luar tembok penjara. Pencabutan dan/atau pengetatan pemberian remisi untuk narapidana korupsi adalah kebijakan yang tepat untuk diterapkan.
URGENSI PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI
Authors: Kristian Kristian
Published: April 2016

Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta arus globalisasi yang sudah tidak terbendung dewasa ini, tidak hanya menimbulkan dampak positif tetapi juga seringkali menimbulkan dampak negatif misalnya dengan adanya “globalisasi kejahatan” dan berkembangnya kualitas (modus operandi) dan kuantitas tindak pidana. Tindak pidana yang marak terjadi dewasa ini berkaitan dengan eksistensi korporasi adalah tindak pidana korporasi yang akan menimbulkan dampak serius dan meluas, merusak sendi-sendi kehidupan bangsa dan mengancam stabilitas Negara. Oleh sebab itu, hukum harus mengambil kembali peranannya dalam rangka menciptakan keadilan dan kesejahteraan rakyat dan dalam penangannya dibutuhkan cara-cara yang luar biasa yang salah satunya adalah menjadikan korporasi sebagai subjek hukum pidana yang dinilai dapat melakukan tindak pidana dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara pidana)
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI DALAM ADVOKASI HASIL PENELITIAN (STUDI: MAHASISWA KLINIK HUKUM ANTI KORUPSI FAKULTAS HUKUM UNPAD TAHUN 2014)
Authors: Atnan Nur
Published: April 2016

Kontribusi Klinik Hukum Anti Korupsi FH Unpad adalah melakukan perubahan melalui advokasi hasil penelitian. Advokasi ini dilakukan agar penelitian yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa memiliki makna. Dari pantauan peneliti, advokasi hasil penelitian tahun 2014 belum maksimal mendorong perubahan. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk menganalisis terutama aspek strategi komunikasi yang digunakan dalam advokasi hasil penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan penulis terlibat dalam setiap kegiatan advokasi mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen utama dalam strategi komunikasi untuk advokasi berupa perencanaan komunikasi, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi belum maksimal dijalankan.
Employability: aligning the message, the medium and academic values
Authors: Yorke Mantz
Published: April 2016

For a long time, links have been made between higher education and economic activity. The relatively recent emphases on employability (in the UK) and graduate attributes (largely in Australia) can be construed as contemporary variations. This article describes some of the developmental work that has taken place in the UK but which has obvious relevance to other higher educational systems. Reticence to embrace employability in curricula may in part be due to the failure to present a convincing evidence-base: two initiatives in England have attempted with some success to rectify the weakness. The article concludes by outlining some of the challenges that face both institutions and the higher education sector if employability is to be taken seriously.
Work readiness in graduate recruitment and selection: A review of current assessment methods
Authors: Caballero Catherine Lissette , Walker Arlene
Published: April 2016

Graduate recruitment and selection differs from other contexts in that graduate applicants generally lack job-related experience. Recent research has highlighted that employers are placing increasing value on graduates being work ready. Work readiness is believed to be indicative of graduate potential in terms of long term job performance and career advancement. A review of the literature has found that current graduate recruitment and selection practices lack the rigour and construct validity to effectively assess work readiness. In addition, the variety of interchangeable terms and definitions articulated by employers and academics on what constitutes work readiness suggests the need to further refine this construct. This paper argues that work readiness is an important selection criterion, and should be examined systematically in the graduate assessment process, as a construct in itself. The ineffectiveness of current assessment methods in being able to measure work readiness supports the need to develop a specific measure of work readiness that will allow more effective decision practices and potentially predict long term job capacity and performance.