bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of emission efficiency in white OLED device by highly efficient narrow spectrum red‐emission material
Authors: Inoue Hideko , Yamaguchi Tomoya , Seo Satoshi , Seo Hiromi , Suzuki Kunihiko , Kawata Takuya , Ohsawa Nobuharu
Published: June 2015

Newly developed red‐emission material with a narrow spectrum enhanced the current efficiency of a red OLED 1.3 times greater than a conventional material while maintaining chromaticity of red. This material also increased the power efficiency of a white OLED 1.2 times greater than the conventional material without impairing color rendering.
Azeotropic Equilibrium Copolymerization
Authors: Szymanski Ryszard
Published: June 2015

Conditions for azeotropic copolymerization derived for irreversible systems are not satisfactory for reversible copolymerizations. The presented theoretical treatment leads to formulation of conditions for a terminal (dyad) model equilibrium copolymerization to form copolymer azeotropes. Numerical simulations of kinetics of copolymer formation confirm validity of the derived relationships between rate and equilibrium constants and comonomer concentrations.
Extended precise integration method for axisymmetric thermo‐elastic problem in transversely isotropic material
Authors: Ai Zhi Yong , Wu Quan Long , Wang Lu Jun
Published: June 2015

This paper presents a numerical solution for the analysis of the axisymmetric thermo‐elastic problem in transversely isotropic material due to a buried heat source by means of extended precise integral method. By virtue of the Laplace–Hankel transform applied into the basic governing equations, an ordinary differential matrix equation is achieved, which describes the relationship between the generalized stresses and displacements in transformed domain. An extended precise integration method is introduced to solve the aforementioned matrix equation, and the actual solution in the physical domain is acquired by inverting the Laplace–Hankel transform. Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method and elucidate the influence of the character of transverse isotropy, the anisotropy of linear expansion coefficient, the anisotropy of thermal diffusivity, and medium's stratification on the thermo‐elastic response. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid assessment of quantitative T1, T2 and T2* in lower extremity muscles in response to maximal treadmill exercise
Authors: Varghese Juliet , Scandling Debbie , Joshi Rohit , Aneja Ashish , Craft Jason , Raman Subha V. , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Simonetti Orlando P. , Mihai Georgeta
Published: June 2015

MRI provides a non‐invasive diagnostic platform to quantify the physical and physiological attributes of skeletal muscle at rest and in response to exercise. MR relaxation parameters (T1, T2 and T2*) are characteristic of tissue composition and metabolic properties. With the recent advent of quantitative techniques that allow rapid acquisition of T1, T2 and T2* maps, we posited that an integrated treadmill exercise–quantitative relaxometry paradigm can rapidly characterize exercise‐induced changes in skeletal muscle relaxation parameters. Accordingly, we investigated the rest/recovery kinetics of T1, T2 and T2* in response to treadmill exercise in the anterior tibialis, soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of healthy volunteers, and the relationship of these parameters to age and gender. Thirty healthy volunteers (50.3 ± 16.6 years) performed the Bruce treadmill exercise protocol to maximal exhaustion. Relaxometric maps were sequentially acquired at baseline and for approximately 44 minutes post‐exercise. Our results show that T1, T2 and T2* are significantly and differentially increased immediately post‐exercise among the leg muscle groups, and these values recover to near baseline within 30–44 minutes. Our results demonstrate the potential to characterize the kinetics of relaxation parameters with quantitative mapping and upright exercise, providing normative values and some clarity on the impact of age and gender. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between surface structures and threading dislocations during epitaxial diamond growth
Authors: Mayr Michael , Fischer Martin , Klein Oliver , Gsell Stefan , Schreck Matthias
Published: June 2015

Threading dislocations in off‐axis grown heteroepitaxial diamond films have been visualized by preferential etching of the surface. The lateral distributions of the etch pits display characteristic inhomogeneities. Patterns with fourfold symmetry consisting of a cell structure with dislocation poor cores and dislocation rich walls aligned along [100] and [010] appear on (001) samples with off‐axis tilt toward [110]. These patterns which developed after extended growth to a thickness of 1.5 mm are mainly attributed to intrinsic anisotropies in the mutual interaction between neighboring dislocations via their stress fields. In contrast, growth on (001) surfaces with off‐axis direction toward [100] yielded patterns with twofold symmetry. Here, the etch pits are aligned exclusively along the [100] off‐axis direction which is attributed to the additional impact of the local surface inclination on the dislocations, resulting in an effective lateral movement during growth. Dislocation tilting in the local step‐flow direction away from the crystallographic [001] axis, which provides a reasonable mechanism explaining the lateral movement, is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Homoepitaxial growth experiments on (001) surfaces 8° off toward [100] reveal etch pit patterns around “V” shaped microstructures that suggest a similar interpretation in terms of an effective lateral movement of dislocations induced by high local surface inclination.
Tests for detecting overdispersion in models with measurement error in covariates
Authors: Yang Yingsi , Wong Man Yu
Published: June 2015

Measurement error in covariates can affect the accuracy in count data modeling and analysis. In overdispersion identification, the true mean–variance relationship can be obscured under the influence of measurement error in covariates. In this paper, we propose three tests for detecting overdispersion when covariates are measured with error: a modified score test and two score tests based on the proposed approximate likelihood and quasi‐likelihood, respectively. The proposed approximate likelihood is derived under the classical measurement error model, and the resulting approximate maximum likelihood estimator is shown to have superior efficiency. Simulation results also show that the score test based on approximate likelihood outperforms the test based on quasi‐likelihood and other alternatives in terms of empirical power. By analyzing a real dataset containing the health‐related quality‐of‐life measurements of a particular group of patients, we demonstrate the importance of the proposed methods by showing that the analyses with and without measurement error correction yield significantly different results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of transtheoretical model of health behavioral changes in a nutrition intervention study—a continuous time Markov chain model with Bayesian approach
Authors: Ma Junsheng , Chan Wenyaw , Tsai Chu‐Lin , Xiong Momiao , Tilley Barbara C.
Published: June 2015

Continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) models are often used to study the progression of chronic diseases in medical research but rarely applied to studies of the process of behavioral change. In studies of interventions to modify behaviors, a widely used psychosocial model is based on the transtheoretical model that often has more than three states (representing stages of change) and conceptually permits all possible instantaneous transitions. Very little attention is given to the study of the relationships between a CTMC model and associated covariates under the framework of transtheoretical model. We developed a Bayesian approach to evaluate the covariate effects on a CTMC model through a log‐linear regression link. A simulation study of this approach showed that model parameters were accurately and precisely estimated. We analyzed an existing data set on stages of change in dietary intake from the Next Step Trial using the proposed method and the generalized multinomial logit model. We found that the generalized multinomial logit model was not suitable for these data because it ignores the unbalanced data structure and temporal correlation between successive measurements. Our analysis not only confirms that the nutrition intervention was effective but also provides information on how the intervention affected the transitions among the stages of change. We found that, compared with the control group, subjects in the intervention group, on average, spent substantively less time in the precontemplation stage and were more/less likely to move from an unhealthy/healthy state to a healthy/unhealthy state. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seeing (Transitions to) Adulthood in Youth (Sub)cultural Studies Through the Eyes of Former Straightedge Adherents
Authors: Torkelson Jason
Published: June 2015

This article uses forty‐four face‐to‐face interviews with individuals who formerly identified with straightedge—a clean‐living, mostly youth‐based (sub)culture—to explore the possible role chosen youth cultural identities play in adult transition, as well as extend recent work on aging and youth scenes by more deeply engaging both “subjective adulthood” and the retrospective accounts of “ex” members. Data show interviewees developing (paths to) subjective adulthoods substantially influenced by former affiliation with straightedge culture they frequently believe mark their (paths to) adulthoods fundamentally distinct from others in their age cohort. Particularly, individuals transitioning from straightedge recounted pronounced subculturally rooted antipathy toward adult conventionality, often envisioned alternative adult trajectories for themselves, discussed transitional impediments and opportunities they took to be unique to transitioning from straightedge, and, in indicating heightened awareness of adulthood's “facework,” visualized a collective of others like them inside adult social spheres by virtue of the formative bases (former) scene affiliation provided them. Ultimately, findings suggest that the study of subjective adult transition may profit from directly considering the formative influence of elective youth identities. Likewise, perhaps the most fertile grounds in the turn toward examining aging and scenes might rest in meanings individuals attach to adulthood and transitioning, even for ex‐members of certain communities.
Crude extract of Euphorbia formosana induces apoptosis of DU145 human prostate cancer cells acts through the caspase‐dependent and independent signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Jiun‐Long , Lien Jin‐Cherng , Chen Ya‐Yin , Hsu Shu‐Chun , Chang Shu‐Jen , Huang An‐Cheng , Amagaya Sakae , Funayana Shinji , Wood W. Gibson , Kuo Chao‐Lin , Chung Jing‐Gung
Published: June 2015

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men and the second highest contributor of male cancer mortality. The crude extract of Euphorbia formosana (CEEF) has been used for treatment of different diseases but the cytotoxic effects of CEEF on human cancer cells have not been reported. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine effects of CEEF on cell cycle distribution and induction of apoptosis in DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Contrast‐phase microscope was used for examining cell morphological changes. Flow cytometric assays were used for cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and Ca2+ production and mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm). Western blotting was used for examining protein expression of cell cycle and apoptosis associated proteins. Real‐time PCR was used for examining mRNA levels of caspase‐3, ‐8, and ‐9, AIF, and Endo G. Confocal laser microscope was used to examine the translocation of AIF, Endo G, and cytochrome in DU145 cells after CEEF exposure. CEEF‐induced cell morphological changes, decreased the percentage of viable cells, and induced S phase arrest and apoptosis in DU145 cells. Furthermore, CEEF promoted RAS and Ca2+ production and reduced ΔΨm levels. Real‐time QPCR confirmed that CEEF promoted the mRNA expression of caspase‐3 and ‐9, AIF and Endo G and we found that AIF and Endo G and cytochrome c were released from mitochondria. Taken together, CEEF‐induced cytotoxic effects via ROS production, induced S phase arrest and induction of apoptosis through caspase‐dependent and independent and mitochondria‐dependent pathways in DU245 cancer cells. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1600–1611, 2016.
Promoting “Healthy Futures” to Reduce Risk Behaviors in Urban Youth: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lindstrom Johnson Sarah , Jones Vanya , Cheng Tina L.
Published: June 2015

There is increasing evidence of the interconnection between educational and health outcomes. Unfortunately wide disparities exist by both socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity in educational and vocational success. This study sought to promote urban youths’ career readiness as a way to reduce involvement in risk behaviors. Two hundred primarily African‐American youth (ages 14–21) were recruited from a pediatric primary care clinic. Youth randomized to the intervention received three motivational interviewing sessions focused around expectations and planning for the future. Baseline and 6‐month follow‐up assessments included measures of career readiness and risk behavior involvement (i.e., physical fighting, alcohol and marijuana use). At 6‐months, youth randomized to the intervention condition showed increased confidence in their ability to perform the behaviors needed to reach their college/career goals. Additionally, youth randomized to the intervention arm showed decreased fighting behavior (adjusted rate ratio: .27) and marijuana use (adjusted rate ratio: .61). Assisting urban youth in thinking and planning about their future holds promise as a way to reduce their involvement in risk behaviors. This study also demonstrated that motivational interviewing could be used to promote positive behaviors (i.e., career readiness).
A New Piece of the Puzzle: Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Physical Health Status
Authors: Gorman Bridget K. , Denney Justin T. , Dowdy Hilary , Medeiros Rose Anne
Published: June 2015

Although research has long documented the relevance of gender for health, studies that simultaneously incorporate the relevance of disparate sexual orientation groups are sparse. We address these shortcomings by applying an intersectional perspective to evaluate how sexual orientation and gender intersect to pattern self-rated health status among U.S. adults. Our project aggregated probability samples from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) across seven U.S. states between 2005 and 2010, resulting in an analytic sample of 10,128 sexual minority (gay, lesbian, and bisexual) and 405,145 heterosexual adults. Logistic regression models and corresponding predicted probabilities examined how poor self-rated health differed across sexual orientation–by-gender groups, before and after adjustment for established health risk factors. Results reveal distinct patterns among sexual minorities. Initially, bisexual men and women reported the highest—and gay and lesbian adults reported the lowest—rates of poor self-rated health, with heterosexuals in between. Distinct socioeconomic status profiles accounted for large portions of these differences. Furthermore, in baseline and fully adjusted regression models, only among heterosexuals did women report significantly different health from men. Importantly, the findings highlight elevated rates of poor health experienced by bisexual men and women, which are partially attributable to their heightened economic, behavioral, and social disadvantages relative to other groups.
Career and Family Choices Among Elite Liberal Arts Graduates
Authors: Antecol Heather
Published: June 2015

This study describes how the career and family choices of female graduates of the Claremont Colleges within 15 years of undergraduate graduation (unless otherwise specified) have changed across the graduation years of 1960 to 1994. Specifically, I show that female graduates of the Claremont Colleges have clearly shifted away from having their family first (i.e., having at least one biological child) and a job second (i.e., having a job after 15 years of receiving their undergraduate degree but having very weak labor force attachment prior to that) toward simultaneously having both a career (i.e., very strong labor force attachment) and a family for those that graduated after 1979. Finally, I find that the primary mechanisms that allowed for the observed shift toward “career and family” for those that graduated post-1979 appear to be increased access to paid parental leave and childcare.
Weight gain and reduced energy expenditure in low-income Brazilian women living in slums: a 4-year follow-up study
Authors: Florêncio Telma M. M. T. , Bueno Nassib B. , Clemente Ana P. G. , Albuquerque Fabiana C. A. , Britto Revilane P. A. , Ferriolli Eduardo , Sawaya Ana L.
Published: June 2015

The present study aimed to investigate the possible changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters in low-income women living in the outskirts of Maceió (northeast Brazil), and to explore the possible role of dietary intake and physical activity in these changes. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a cohort of mothers of malnourished children who attended the Center for Nutritional Recovery and Education, an outreach programme of the Federal University of Alagoas. Socio-economic, anthropometric, biochemical and dietary intake data were assessed at baseline and after a follow-up period of 4 years. Energy expenditure (using doubly labelled water) and physical activity (using triaxial accelerometers) were assessed only in a subgroup of women after 4 years. A total of eighty-five women were assessed. Participants showed an altered biochemical profile, increased systolic blood pressure, decreased thyroid hormone levels, and body-weight gain. However, dietary intakes of the participants did not include large quantities of highly processed and high-glycaemic index foods. The energy intake of the participants did not differ from their total energy expenditure (7990·3 (7173·7–8806·8)v. 8798·1 (8169·0–9432·4) kJ, respectively;P= 0·084). Multivariate analyses showed a significant effect of time spent watching television (β = 0·639 (0·003 to 1·275);P= 0·048) and dietary diversity score (β = − 1·039 ( − 2·010 to − 0·067);P= 0·036) on weight gain. The present study indicates that poor women, who are mothers of malnourished children and have a reasonably balanced dietary intake, exhibit weight gain and are at risk of developing chronic diseases.
FOREIGN FADS OR FASHIONS? THE ROLE OF COMPARATIVISM IN HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
Authors: Fredman Sandra
Published: June 2015

Although there is a broadly similar core of human rights law and courts in different jurisdictions face strikingly similar questions, the use of comparative law in the human rights context remains controversial. Reference to foreign human rights materials is regarded as undemocratic, selective and misleading. Rather than searching for a single ‘right answer’, or expecting convergence, this article addresses these challenges from a deliberative perspective. A deliberative approach requires decisions to be taken on the basis of reasons which are thorough and persuasive. Even where outcomes diverge, there need to be good reasons, whether textual, institutional, or cultural. Comparative materials constitute an important contribution to this process. Part I critically assesses various alternative potential functions of comparative law. Part II develops the deliberative model while Part III addresses the main critiques of comparative law. Part IV tests the deliberative approach against a selection of cases dealing with two particularly challenging issues confronted by courts in different jurisdictions, namely the use of substantive principles such as dignity, and the application of justification or limitation clauses in the context of prisoners' right to vote. Case law is drawn from countries which already cite each other and which have broadly similar institutional frameworks: the USA, Canada, South Africa, India, Australia, the UK, New Zealand and the European Court of Human Rights to the extent that it too considers comparative law.
The marine biology of law and human health
Authors: Appleby Thomas , Kinsey Susan , Wheeler Benedict , Cunningham Emma
Published: June 2015

This review uses a multidisciplinary approach to investigate legal issues concerning the oceans and human health. It firstly seeks to define the boundaries of oceans and human health research. We use three case studies as examples: biomedical research, marine litter and human well-being. Biomedical research raises complex issues relating to coastal states’ sovereign rights to exploit their marine resources and the patenting processes. Coastal states have differing degrees of control over research at sea. There are differences in EU and US law over the status of genetic discoveries, with the US having stricter criteria to qualify for patent protection. International law sets the standard for bioprospecting in developing countries under the Nagoya Protocol. The cost and complexity of marine biomedical research mean that it cannot be left to commercial exploration and needs some public funding. The second case study highlights the rise in marine plastics pollution using Marine Conservation Society beachwatch data. It details the need to alter product design to avoid marine pollution and records an unsuccessful attempt by academics and an NGO to make contact with the manufacturers of one polluting product. It also introduces the concept that faulty design could amount to a public nuisance. The third case study highlights the potential health benefits from access to the coast and the statutory responsibility which sits with the US and UK authorities in the provision of well-being. It posits that there needs to be greater inter-agency coordination to promote access to the coast for human well-being.
Ambergris as an overlooked historical marine resource: its biology and role as a global economic commodity
Authors: Brito Cristina , Jordão Vera L. , Pierce Graham J.
Published: June 2015

Ambergris is a rare substance produced in the intestines of sperm whales. It appears to result from an irritation caused by the beaks of the cephalopods on which they feed. The link between ambergris and whales, if not the mechanism by which ambergris is produced, has been addressed throughout history but, due to contradictory reports and fanciful explanations regarding its origin, only recently has it been widely accepted. Since ancient times ambergris has been used for medicinal purposes and in perfumes, but its supposed exotic properties are an important reason for the European demand for this substance. Accounts about ambergris from places where Europeans sailed since the 15th century are numerous. In the 16th and 17th centuries there were no laws dictating who owned the ambergris found on beaches and many pieces were sold or traded, legally or illegally, from overseas to Europe. However, this product was always obtained in relatively small quantities. More recently, with the advent of industrial whaling dedicated to sperm whaling conducted by several nations in various parts of the world during the 19th and 20th centuries, ambergris acquired an importance of its own and was sold at very high prices. In the Azores, ambergris from hunted sperm whales was documented; the same applies for Madeira and the Portuguese mainland. Being a product typically reported in whaling data and related to the economic exploitation of the sea, it is through the historical sources that its importance is clearly demonstrated.
RAD51 G135C genetic polymorphism and their potential role in gastric cancer induced byHelicobacter pyloriinfection in Bhutan
Authors: TRANG T. T. H. , NAGASHIMA H. , UCHIDA T. , MAHACHAI V. , VILAICHONE R.-K. , TSHERING L. , BINH T. T. , YAMAOKA Y.
Published: June 2015

In order to evaluate the role of the RAD51 G135C genetic polymorphism on the risk of gastric cancer induced byHelicobacter pyloriinfection, we determined allele frequency and genotype distribution of this polymorphism in Bhutan – a population documented with high prevalence of gastric cancer and extremely high prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection. The status of RAD51 G135C was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR amplified fragments and sequencing. Histological scores were evaluated according to the updated Sydney system. G135C carriers showed significantly higher scores for intestinal metaplasia in the antrum than G135G carriers [mean (median) 0·33 (0)vs.0·08 (0),P= 0·008]. Higher scores for intestinal metaplasia of G135C carriers compared to those of G135G carriers were also observed inH. pylori-positive patients [0·3 (0)vs.0·1 (0),P= 0·002] andH. pylori-positive patients with gastritis [0·4 (0)vs.0·1 (0),P= 0·002] but were not found inH. pylori-negative patients. Our findings revealed that a combination ofH. pyloriinfection and RAD51 G135C genotype of the host showed an increasing score for intestinal metaplasia. Therefore, RAD51 G135C might be the important predictor for gastric cancer ofH. pylori-infected patients.
Posttraumatic Psychological Symptoms are Associated with Reduced Inhibitory Control, not General Executive Dysfunction
Authors: DeGutis Joseph , Esterman Michael , McCulloch Bay , Rosenblatt Andrew , Milberg William , McGlinchey Regina
Published: June 2015

Although there is mounting evidence that greater PTSD symptoms are associated with reduced executive functioning, it is not fully understood whether this association is more global or specific to certain executive function subdomains, such as inhibitory control. We investigated the generality of the association between PTSD symptoms and executive function by administering a broad battery of sensitive executive functioning tasks to a cohort of returning Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans with varying PTSD symptoms. Only tasks related to inhibitory control explained significant variance in PTSD symptoms as well as symptoms of depression, while measures of working memory, measures of switching, and measures simultaneously assessing multiple executive function subdomains did not. Notably, the two inhibitory control measures that showed the highest correlation with PTSD and depressive symptoms, measures of response inhibition and distractor suppression, explained independent variance. These findings suggest that greater posttraumatic psychological symptoms are not associated with a general decline in executive functioning but rather are more specifically related to stopping automatic responses and resisting internal and external distractions. (JINS, 2015,21, 342–352)
Kant’s Transcendental Idealism and his Transcendental Deduction
Authors: Shaddock Justin B.
Published: June 2015

I argue for a novel, non-subjectivist interpretation of Kant’s transcendental idealism. Kant’s idealism is often interpreted as specifying how we must experience objects or how objects must appear to us. I argue to the contrary by appealing to Kant’s Transcendental Deduction. Kant’s Deduction is the proof that the categories are not merely subjectively necessary conditions we need for our cognition, but objectively valid conditions necessary for objects to be appearances. My interpretation centres on two claims. First, Kant’s method of self-knowledge consists in his determining what makes our cognitive faculty finite in contrast to God’s infinite cognitive faculty. Second, Kant’s limitation of our knowledge to appearances consists in his developing an account according to which appearances and our finite cognitive faculty are conceived of in terms of each other and in contrast to noumena in the positive sense and God’s infinite cognitive faculty.
Deeper Magic: Re-engaging the Virtues in School and Parish
Authors: Milbank Alison
Published: June 2015

This essay argues that modern society lacks a vision of the common good, which prevents education from having an adequate telos or goal. It calls for a restoration of the language of virtue and the ethical tradition of Aristotle and Aquinas. The Anglican parish and the church primary or elementary school are examined as sites where virtue ethics is still active: particularly in the intercessory work of parish prayer, and in the mimetic approach to learning employed with younger children. The article then addresses ways in which these institutions depend upon what C.S. Lewis called ‘deeper magic’ of a transcendent reality, and ways in which the school especially might develop further a pedagogy of the virtues using J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter stories as exemplars. Finally, it argues for a dimension of the beautiful in a recovery of an education in Christian virtue.
Ein inklusives Missverständnis
Authors: Ahrbeck Bernd , Fickler-Stang Ulrike
Published: June 2015

Die begrüßenswerte gemeinsame Beschulung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit und ohne Behinderung bewegt sich in eine fragwürdige Richtung, wenn sie mit illusionären Erwartungen überfrachtet wird. Die Grenzen des Möglichen und Sinnvollen müssen gesehen werden, insbesondere bei Kindern mit dem schulischen Förderschwerpunkt emotional-soziale Entwicklung. Ohne ein profundes Wissen über die Beeinträchtigungen und Störungen dieser sehr heterogenen Personengruppe lassen sich keine gehaltvollen Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen entwickeln. Der von radikalen Inklusionsbefürwortern geforderte Verzicht auf ein einschlägiges Fachvokabular («Dekategorisierung») führt dazu, dass die Pädagogik hilflos vor den ihr gestellten Aufgaben steht, ohne eigenes Handwerkszeug und ohne die Möglichkeit, sich im interdisziplinären Dialog Hilfe zu holen. Die Anschlussfähigkeit an die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie wird zum Schaden des Faches bedroht.
A porous metal-organic framework with ultrahigh acetylene uptake capacity under ambient conditions
Authors: Pang Jiandong , Jiang Feilong , Wu Mingyan , Liu Caiping , Su Kongzhao , Lu Weigang , Yuan Daqiang , Hong Maochun
Published: June 2015

Acetylene, an important petrochemical raw material, is very difficult to store safely under compression because of its highly explosive nature. Here we present a porous metal-organic framework named FJI-H8, with both suitable pore space and rich open metal sites, for efficient storage of acetylene under ambient conditions. Compared with existing reports, FJI-H8 shows a record-high gravimetric acetylene uptake of 224 cm3 (STP) g−1 and the second-highest volumetric uptake of 196 cm3 (STP) cm−3 at 295 K and 1 atm. Increasing the storage temperature to 308 K has only a small effect on its acetylene storage capacity (∼200 cm3 (STP) g−1). Furthermore, FJI-H8 exhibits an excellent repeatability with only 3.8% loss of its acetylene storage capacity after five cycles of adsorption–desorption tests. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation reveals that not only open metal sites but also the suitable pore space and geometry play key roles in its remarkable acetylene uptake.
Variable Holocene deformation above a shallow subduction zone extremely close to the trench
Authors: Thirumalai Kaustubh , Taylor Frederick W. , Shen Chuan-Chou , Lavier Luc L. , Frohlich Cliff , Wallace Laura M. , Wu Chung-Che , Sun Hailong , Papabatu Alison K.
Published: June 2015

Histories of vertical crustal motions at convergent margins offer fundamental insights into the relationship between interplate slip and permanent deformation. Moreover, past abrupt motions are proxies for potential tsunamigenic earthquakes and benefit hazard assessment. Well-dated records are required to understand the relationship between past earthquakes and Holocene vertical deformation. Here we measure elevations and 230Th ages of in situ corals raised above the sea level in the western Solomon Islands to build an uplift event history overlying the seismogenic zone, extremely close to the trench (4–40 km). We find marked spatiotemporal heterogeneity in uplift from mid-Holocene to present: some areas accrue more permanent uplift than others. Thus, uplift imposed during the 1 April 2007 Mw 8.1 event may be retained in some locations but removed in others before the next megathrust rupture. This variability suggests significant changes in strain accumulation and the interplate thrust process from one event to the next.
The cost of promiscuity: sexual transmission of Nosema microsporidian parasites in polyandrous honey bees
Authors: Roberts K. E. , Evison S. E. F. , Baer B. , Hughes W. O. H.
Published: June 2015

Multiple mating (and insemination) by females with different males, polyandry, is widespread across animals, due to material and/or genetic benefits for females. It reaches particularly high levels in some social insects, in which queens can produce significantly fitter colonies by being polyandrous. It is therefore a paradox that two thirds of eusocial hymenopteran insects appear to be exclusively monandrous, in spite of the fitness benefits that polyandry could provide. One possible cost of polyandry could be sexually transmitted parasites, but evidence for these in social insects is extremely limited. Here we show that two different species ofNosemamicrosporidian parasites can transmit sexually in the honey beeApis mellifera. Honey bee males that are infected by the parasite haveNosemaspores in their semen and queens artificially inseminated with eitherNosemaspores or the semen ofNosema-infected males became infected by the parasite. The emergent and more virulentN. ceranaeachieved much higher rates of infection following insemination than didN. apis. The results provide the first quantitative evidence of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in social insects, indicating that STDs may represent a potential cost of polyandry in social insects.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 -1171 5A/6A Polymorphism (rs35068180) is Associated with Risk of Periodontitis
Authors: Ding Cheng , Chen Xing , Zhang Peng-tao , Huang Jin-ping , Xu Yan , Chen Ning , Zhong Liang-jun
Published: June 2015

Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) plays a key role in tissue degradation in periodontitis. The relationship between the MMP3 -1171 5A/6A polymorphism (rs35068180) and periodontitis has been widely studied. However, existing studies have yielded contradictory results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate these inconclusive findings. Several electronic databases were searched for eligible articles. Seven case-control studies from 6 articles were searched without any language restrictions. Pooled estimates indicated that MMP3 -1171 5A/6A polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of periodontitis (allelic genetic model: OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62–0.80, Pheterogeneity = 0.315; heterozygous model: OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.39–0.65, Pheterogeneity = 0.221; homozygous model: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25–0.69, Pheterogeneity = 0.265; dominant model: OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38–0.62, Pheterogeneity = 0.238, respectively). Similar results were also found in chronic periodontitis (CP), Asian, Asian&CP and non-smokers subgroups. Moreover, MMP3 rs35068180 polymorphism might be associated with a lower risk of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Asians (allelic genetic model: OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48–0.91, Pheterogeneity = 0.945) and CP in Caucasians and Brazilians. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that MMP3 -1171 5A/6A polymorphism may be associated with decreased risk of both CP and AgP in Asians. Large independent studies to replicate these results are necessary to validate these associations in other populations.
The Neuropeptide Allatostatin A Regulates Metabolism and Feeding Decisions in Drosophila
Authors: Hentze Julie L. , Carlsson Mikael A. , Kondo Shu , Nässel Dick R. , Rewitz Kim F.
Published: June 2015

Coordinating metabolism and feeding is important to avoid obesity and metabolic diseases, yet the underlying mechanisms, balancing nutrient intake and metabolic expenditure, are poorly understood. Several mechanisms controlling these processes are conserved in Drosophila, where homeostasis and energy mobilization are regulated by the glucagon-related adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and the Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs). Here, we provide evidence that the Drosophila neuropeptide Allatostatin A (AstA) regulates AKH and DILP signaling. The AstA receptor gene, Dar-2, is expressed in both the insulin and AKH producing cells. Silencing of Dar-2 in these cells results in changes in gene expression and physiology associated with reduced DILP and AKH signaling and animals lacking AstA accumulate high lipid levels. This suggests that AstA is regulating the balance between DILP and AKH, believed to be important for the maintenance of nutrient homeostasis in response to changing ratios of dietary sugar and protein. Furthermore, AstA and Dar-2 are regulated differentially by dietary carbohydrates and protein and AstA-neuronal activity modulates feeding choices between these types of nutrients. Our results suggest that AstA is involved in assigning value to these nutrients to coordinate metabolic and feeding decisions, responses that are important to balance food intake according to metabolic needs.
The antimicrobial propeptide hCAP-18 plasma levels in neutropenia of various aetiologies: a prospective study
Authors: Ye Ying , Carlsson Göran , Karlsson-Sjöberg Jenny M. T. , Borregaard Niels , Modéer Thomas U. , Andersson Mats L. , Pütsep Katrin L-A.
Published: June 2015

The underlying cause of neutropenia may be difficult to determine due to similar clinical presentation in many neutropenic conditions. The neutrophil protein hCAP-18 (pro-LL-37) is a major component of neutrophil secondary granules and in this prospective study we assessed the use of hCAP-18 levels in blood plasma for differential diagnosis of neutropenic patients (n = 133) of various aetiologies. Plasma levels of hCAP-18 were determined using immunoblot and ELISA. Patients with severe congenital neutropenia (n = 23) presented with the lowest levels of plasma hCAP-18 and differential diagnostic accuracy revealed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98.8%) for hCAP-18 ELISA. The correlation coefficient of the hCAP-18 ELISA versus immunoblotting was (R = 0.831) and that of the peptide LL-37 ELISA versus immunoblotting was (R = 0.405) (P < 0.001). Plasma hCAP-18 levels thus displayed high diagnostic value in differential diagnosis of chronic neutropenia. Neutropenic patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, Barth syndrome, Cohen syndrome, acute myeloid leukaemia and specific granule deficiency presented with reduced plasma hCAP-18 levels as well. The blood plasma level of hCAP-18 was thus low in conditions in which the neutrophil antibacterial propeptide hCAP-18 is deficient, i.e. severe congenital neutropenia and neutrophil-specific granule deficiency and in conditions in which bone marrow myelopoiesis is negatively affected.
Photothermal ablation of bone metastasis of breast cancer using PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lin Zhen , Liu Yi , Ma Xueming , Hu Shaoyu , Zhang Jiawei , Wu Qian , Ye Wenbin , Zhu Siyuan , Yang Dehong , Qu Dongbin , Jiang Jianming
Published: June 2015

This study investigates therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) in an orthotropic xenograft model of bone metastasis of breast cancer. The near-infrared (NIR) irradiation on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) resulted in a rapid heat generation which increased with the MWNTs concentration up to 100 μg/ml. MWNTs alone exhibited no toxicity, but inclusion of MWNTs dramatically decreased cell viability when combined with laser irradiation. Thermographic observation revealed that treatment with 10 μg MWNTs followed by NIR laser irradiation resulted in a rapid increase in temperature up to 73.4±11.98 °C in an intraosseous model of bone metastasis of breast cancer. In addition, MWNTs plus NIR laser irradiation caused a remarkably greater suppression of tumor growth compared with treatment with either MWNTs injection or NIR irradiation alone, significantly reducing the amount of tumor-induced bone destruction. All these demonstrate the efficacy of PTT with MWNTs for bone metastasis of breast cancer.
Whole genome amplification with SurePlex results in better copy number alteration detection using sequencing data compared to the MALBAC method
Authors: Deleye Lieselot , Coninck Dieter De , Christodoulou Christodoulos , Sante Tom , Dheedene Annelies , Heindryckx Björn , Abbeel Etienne Van den , Sutter Petra De , Menten Björn , Deforce Dieter , Nieuwerburgh Filip Van
Published: June 2015

Current whole genome amplification (WGA) methods lead to amplification bias resulting in over- and under-represented regions in the genome. Nevertheless, certain WGA methods, such as SurePlex and subsequent arrayCGH analysis, make it possible to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) at a 10 Mb resolution. A more uniform WGA combined with massive parallel sequencing (MPS), however, could allow detection at higher resolution and lower cost. Recently, MALBAC, a new WGA method, claims unparalleled performance. Here, we compared the well-established SurePlex and MALBAC WGA for their ability to detect CNAs in MPS generated data and, in addition, compared PCR-free MPS library preparation with the standard enrichment PCR library preparation. Results showed that SurePlex amplification led to more uniformity across the genome, allowing for a better CNA detection with less false positives compared to MALBAC amplified samples. An even more uniform coverage was observed in samples following a PCR-free library preparation. In general, the combination of SurePlex and MPS led to the same chromosomal profile compared to a reference arrayCGH from unamplified genomic DNA, underlining the large potential of MPS techniques in CNA detection from a limited number of DNA material.
Identification of BST-2/tetherin-induced hepatitis B virus restriction and hepatocyte-specific BST-2 inactivation
Authors: Lv Mingyu , Zhang Biao , Shi Ying , Han Zhu , Zhang Yan , Zhou Yulai , Zhang Wenyan , Niu Junqi , Yu Xiao-Fang
Published: June 2015

BST-2/tetherin is an interferon-inducible antiviral protein that blocks the release of various enveloped viruses, including HIV-1. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a major cause of liver disease, belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family of enveloped DNA viruses. Whether BST-2 regulates HBV production is largely unknown. In this report, we have demonstrated that HBV particle release is modulated by BST-2 in a cell type-dependent fashion. In HEK293T cells, ectopically expressed or interferon-induced BST-2 strongly inhibited HBV release. BST-2 co-localized with HBV surface protein at multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and physically interacted with HBV particles. However, exogenous BST-2-induced HBV restriction was weak in Huh-7 hepatoma cells and the interferon-induced anti-HBV effect was independent of BST-2 induction in hepatic L02 cells. Notably, HBV could promote HIV-1 ΔVpu virus release from BST-2-positive HepG2 hepatoma cells but not HeLa cells, whereas Vpu failed to efficiently inhibit BST-2-induced HBV restriction. HBx exhibited an enhanced interaction and co-localization with BST-2 in hepatocytes. These observations indicate that BST-2 restricts HBV production at intracellular MVBs but is inactivated by HBV through a novel mechanism requiring hepatocyte-specific cellular co-factors or a hepatocyte-specific environment. Further understanding of BST-2-induced HBV restriction may provide new therapeutic targets for future HBV treatments.
Enhancing biological analyses with three dimensional field asymmetric ion mobility, low field drift tube ion mobility and mass spectrometry (μFAIMS/IMS-MS) separations
Authors: Zhang Xing , Ibrahim Yehia M. , Chen Tsung-Chi , Kyle Jennifer E. , Norheim Randolph V. , Monroe Matthew E. , Smith Richard D. , Baker Erin S.
Published: June 2015

Novel μFAIMS/IMS-MS three dimensional separations were optimized to enhance separation power and selectivity in biological analyses.
MOF derived composites for cathode protection: coatings of LiCoO2 from UiO-66 and MIL-53 as ultra-stable cathodes
Authors: Qi Pengfei , Han Yuzhen , Zhou Junwen , Fu Xiaotao , Li Siwu , Zhao Jingshu , Wang Lu , Fan Xinxin , Feng Xiao , Wang Bo
Published: June 2015

A mechanochemical synthetic method of preparing LiCoO2 coated by MOF-derived metal oxide composites is introduced. These composites show 148 mA h g−1 at 2325 mA g−1 and excellent thermal stability (55 °C).
The amido-pentadienoate-functionality of the rakicidins is a thiol reactive electrophile – development of a general synthetic strategy
Authors: Clement Lise L. , Tsakos Michail , Schaffert Eva S. , Scavenius Carsten , Enghild Jan J. , Poulsen Thomas B.
Published: June 2015

An Npys-mediated elimination method allows facile construction of the trademark functionality of the rakicidins – a new class of biologically-relevant Michael-acceptors.
A 1,2,4-diazaphospholyl radical and its nitrogen–phosphorus coupled dimer: synthesis, X-ray structural characterization, EPR analysis, and computational studies
Authors: Su Jing , Wang Bingqiang , Liu Dongling , Du Libo , Liu Yang , Su Jihu , Zheng Wenjun
Published: June 2015

The oxidation of 1,2,4-diazaphospholide potassium (K+[2−]) produced a neutral 1,2,4-diazaphospholyl radical (2˙) that was able to self-associate through a N–P coupling to give a 2(N)–2(P) dimer.
Unusual domain movement in a multidomain protein in the presence of macromolecular crowders
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Chowdhury Pramit K.
Published: June 2015

FRET-based distance changes between domains I and II of HSA reveal significant differences in the manner in which dextran based macromolecular crowding agents influence the serum protein.
Alkynyl-functionalized gold NHC complexes and their coinage metal clusters
Authors: Kiefer Claude , Bestgen Sebastian , Gamer Michael T. , Lebedkin Sergei , Kappes Manfred M. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: June 2015

Phenylpropynyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands for the synthesis of heterometallic hexanuclear coinagemetal clusters which exhibit mixed metallophillic interactions and intense white photoluminescence at low temperature.
Towards understanding the antibacterial activity of Ag nanoparticles: electron microscopy in the analysis of the materials-biology interface in the lung
Authors: López-Heras M. , Theodorou I. G. , Leo B. F. , Ryan M. P. , Porter A. E.
Published: June 2015

Bacterial infections of the pulmonary system are increasing.
Two Ganoderma species: profiling of phenolic compounds by HPLC–DAD, antioxidant, antimicrobial and inhibitory activities on key enzymes linked to diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and skin disorders
Authors: Zengin Gokhan , Sarikurkcu Cengiz , Gunes Erdogan , Uysal Ahmet , Ceylan Ramazan , Uysal Sengul , Gungor Halil , Aktumsek Abdurrahman
Published: June 2015

We report the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and inhibitory effects of extracts from Ganoderma applanatum and G. resinaceum.
Correction: Design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation of novel azolylthioether quinolones as MRSA DNA intercalators
Authors: Zhang Ling , Kumar Kannekanti Vijaya , Rasheed Syed , Zhang Shao-Lin , Geng Rong-Xia , Zhou Cheng-He
Published: June 2015

Correction for 'Design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation of novel azolylthioether quinolones as MRSA DNA intercalators' by Ling Zhang et al., Med. Chem. Commun., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5md00186b.
Melamine-assisted one-pot synthesis of hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon@MoS2 nanowalled core–shell microspheres and their enhanced Li-storage performances
Authors: Sun Fugen , Wei Yanju , Chen Jianzhuang , Long Donghui , Ling Licheng , Li Yongsheng , Shi Jianlin
Published: June 2015

A facile one-pot, melamine-assisted hydrothermal method has been developed to synthesize hierarchical carbon@MoS2 nanowalled core–shell microspheres.