bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maxwell-Like Equations for Free Dirac Electrons
Authors: Bruce S.A.
Published: February 2018

In this article, we show that the wave equation for a free Dirac electron can be represented in a form that is analogous to Maxwell’s electrodynamics. The electron bispinor wavefunction is explicitly expressed in terms of its real and imaginary components. This leads us to incorporate into it appropriate scalar and pseudo-scalar fields in advance, so that a full symmetry may be accomplished. The Dirac equation then takes on a form similar to that of a set of inhomogeneous Maxwell’s equations involving a particular self-source. We relate plane wave solutions of these equations to waves corresponding to free Dirac electrons, identifying the longitudinal component of the electron motion, together with the corresponding Zitterbewegung (“trembling motion”).
Quantum Space Charge Waves in a Waveguide Filled with Fermi-Dirac Plasmas Including Relativistic Wake Field and Quantum Statistical Pressure Effects
Authors: Hong Woo-Pyo , Jung Young-Dae
Published: February 2018

The effects of quantum statistical degeneracy pressure on the propagation of the quantum space charge wave are investigated in a cylindrically bounded plasma waveguide filled with relativistically degenerate quantum Fermi-Dirac plasmas and the relativistic ion wake field. The results show that the domain of the degenerate parameter for the resonant beam instability significantly increases with an increase of the scaled beam velocity. It is found that the instability domain of the wave number increases with an increase of the degenerate parameter. It is also found that the growth rate for the resonant beam instability decreases with an increase of the degenerate parameter. In addition, it is shown that the lowest harmonic mode provides the maximum value of the growth rates. Moreover, it is shown that the instability domain of the wave number decreases with an increase of the beam velocity.
Gait Speed and Dynamic Stability Decline Accelerates Only in Late Life: A Cross-sectional Study in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Lee Anna , Bhatt Tanvi , Smith-Ray Renae L. , Wang Edward , Pai Yi-Chung (Clive)
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose:

Incidence of falls increases with age whereas gait speed declines. The purposes of this study were to examine (1) whether gait speed and center-of-mass (COM) velocity declined steadily across ages in a linear fashion among community-dwelling older adults, and (2) whether such decline corresponded to the similar decline in dynamic stability, which is governed by the control of their COM position and COM velocity relative to base of support (BOS).

Methods:

A total of 184 community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) participated in the cross-sectional study. The participants were categorized into 5 age groups (65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, and 85+ years) and were asked to walk on the 7-m walkway at their preferred walking speed. Their speed, gait pattern, relative COM position, and relative COM velocity were measured.

Results:

Very close relationship was confirmed between a clinical gait speed measurement and the COM velocity (R
2 = 0.875, P < .05), which enabled us to use the 2 terms interchangeably. Gait speed decline was not noticeable from 65 to 84 years of age (P > .05), but it accelerated after 85 years of age. This decline was most likely influenced by a reduction in both step length (P < .05) and cadence (P < .05). Similarly, dynamic stability against backward loss of balance changed little between 65 and 84 years of age (P > .05). Yet, it declined significantly after 85 years of age (P < .05), primarily affected by the reduction in the COM velocity relative to the BOS, whereby the COM position relative to the BOS remained constant during their walking.

Conclusion:

Expected steady decline in gait speed and in the control of gait stability cannot be confirmed. Rather, we found that both declined precipitously only after 85 years of age, when the risk of falls is likely to increase correspondingly.
Islândia: o florescimento da ilha peruana na fronteira
Authors: Souza Alex Sandro Nascimento , Oliveira José Aldemir
Published: February 2018

Desde una perspectiva guiada por el análisis diario en las ciudades fronterizas, se presenta un breve estudio y reflexiones sobre Islandia, en Perú. Situada a orillas del río Yavarí, frente a Benjamin Constant (Brasil), esta ciudad amazónica ha adquirido protagonismo urbano en esta zona fronteriza. Durante la última década la expresión “fronteras vivas”, procedente de una política de ocupación de las fronteras del gobierno peruano como un derecho efectivo de posesión del territorio de las personas, se concretiza en la mencionada ciudad con la implementación de obras urbanísticas como el mercado municipal, escuelas de tiempo integral e internado,  centro de deportes y nuevas vías de concreto. En cuanto a la ingeniería de la várzea y el derecho a la ciudad, Islandia destaca en los últimos años frente a otras ciudades fronterizas.
Reseña de: The Scramble for the Amazon and the “Lost paradise” of Euclides Da Cunha (Hetch, 2013)
Authors: Palacio Germán
Published: February 2018

Sussana Hetch (2013). The scramble for the Amazon and the “Lost paradise” of Euclides Da Cunha. Chicago – London: The University of Chicago Press. 613 pp. isbn: 13:978-0-226-32281-0.
Nivolumab in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Trends and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ochoa Cesar E. , Joseph Richard W.
Published: February 2018

Targeted agents form the backbone of most therapeutic strategies in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) but ultimately resistance develops and toxicity often leads to discontinuation of treatment, limiting the clinical benefits of these treatments. Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 anti-PD-1 antibody, selectively blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 and provides a novel therapy option for patients with aRCC. In 2015, the pivotal phase III study CheckMate 025 led to the Food and Drug Administration approval of nivolumab in patients with aRCC who had received prior anti-angiogenic therapy, and in 2017, the phase III study CheckMate 214 showed that combined immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab resulted in greater objective response rate and prolonged progression-free survival when compared with sunitinib in intermediate- and poor-risk patients with previously untreated aRCC. Early studies of nivolumab in association with anti-angiogenic therapy have generated enthusiasm and multiple combination trials are ongoing.
La relación entre productor y consumidor en sistemas alimentarios locales: análisis de sus prácticas y narrativas
Authors: Papaoikonomou Eleni , Ginieis Matías
Published: February 2018

Los sistemas alimentarios locales, conocidos como local food systems, han crecido en popularidad en todo el mundo en los últimos años. Previa literatura en este campo ha puesto énfasis en el carácter contrahegemónico de estas iniciativas resal- tando la re-conexión de los productores y los consumidores y, a su vez, se señala una objeción a la agricultura industrial que ofrece productos anónimos y desconectados de su productor y de su lugar de origen. Sin embargo, dichos discursos románticos no siempren se comprueban a través de la evidencia empírica. En este estudio realizamos una comparación empírica entre dos sistemas alimentarios locales: las denominadas Community Supported Agriculture en Manhattan, Nueva York y las Cooperativas de Consumo Responsable en Cataluña, España. En base a la utilización de una metodo- logía cualitativa se identifican y se exploran las prácticas y narrativas de establecidas entre el productor y consumidor que también se definen por la orientación y raison d’être del sistema local.
La competencia intercultural en las organizaciones: una aproximación teórica
Authors: Elboj Saso Carmen , Valero Errazu Diana , Iñiguez Berrozpe Tatiana , Gómez Bahillo Carlos
Published: February 2018

Cada vez son más las organizaciones que reflejan la multiculturalidad en alguna de sus facetas. La necesidad de que las relaciones que se establecen entre ellos sean exitosas es un imperativo organizativo. Pese a ello, las investigaciones demues- tran un amplio fracaso en estos ámbitos, por lo que las empresas están acudiendo a consultorías para obtener formación que faculte a sus trabajadores para desempeñarse con éxito en estas relaciones multiculturales, es lo que se ha denominado competencia intercultural. El presente artículo aborda este concepto aplicado a las organizaciones, concluyendo la necesidad de ampliar la formación universitaria en este aspecto.
Polymorphism of the genes encoding for the carnitine acyltransferases in native populations of Siberia
Authors: Malyarchuk Boris A. , Derenko Miroslava V.
Published: February 2018

Background. Exome polymorphism is a rich source of information on the structure and function of proteins and metabolic pathways. The traditional diet of native populations of Northeast Asia (Eskimos, Chukchi and Koryaks) is enriched with fatty acids, which presupposes the existence of adaptive rearrangements of the lipid metabolism system among northern aborigines. Carnitine acyltransferases are the most important group of enzymes that metabolize fatty acids.

Materials and methods. To study adaptive changes in the genes encoding for the carnitine acyltransferases, we performed a screening of polymorphisms in the exons of CPT1A, CPT1B, CPT1C, CPT2, CRAT, and CROT genes in various populations of native inhabitants of Siberia.

Results. In exons of five genes (with the exception of CROT), 16 non-synonymous substitutions were identified. Of these, three substitutions were detected at high frequencies in populations of Northeast Asia (in Eskimos, Chukchi and Koryaks): at the loci rs80356779 of the CPT1A gene (replacement of P479L) and rs763273578 of the CPT1C gene (T740A), as well as a new polymorphism at position 131866581 of chromosome 9 at the CRAT gene (S99F). Exome analysis showed that among native populations of Northeast Asia, new non-synonymous substitutions with high pathogenicity indices appeared in the genes of energy metabolism and lipid exchange (genes GK2, ABHD6, NCOA2, OSPL3, LRP10, TTN, and PTTG2).

Conclusion. It is assumed that new variants of non-synonymous polymorphism arose as a result of genetic adaptation of native peoples to the extremely cold climate and a specific Arctic diet of aborigines of the Far North.
Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.15.4-based Wireless Body Sensor Networks: An Experimental Study
Authors: Moravejosharieh Amir Hossein
Published: February 2018

One of the most challenging issues in IEEE 802.15.4-based Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) is the mutual interference caused by neighbouring WBSNs. As the number of co-located such sensor networks becomes larger in a frequency channel, the destructive impact of mutual interference becomes stronger and eventually causes significant performance degradation mainly due to inefficient channel utilisation. In this paper, we have proposed a new scheme called “dynamic-phase-shifting” in which a WBSN is able to shift its beacon packets to other phases (time slot) to eventually find a phase with reasonably higher performance gain. A set of performance measures along with two experimental scenarios are used to evaluate the performance of dynamic-phase shifting scheme compared to a baseline scheme that follows IEEE 802.15.4 protocol standard.  The obtained results show that dynamic-phase-shifting scheme is not only feasible to be implemented on real sensor devices but also, it outperforms IEEE 802.15.4 standard in terms of the considered performance measures.
Influenza vaccines manufacturing in continuous cell lines: problems and solutions
Authors: Romanova Julia
Published: February 2018

In order to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by seasonal influenza outbreaks, several hundred million vaccine doses are produced worldwide each year. The predominant substrate for the production of the influenza vaccine today is fertilized hen’s eggs. The substitution of the technology based on living organisms by the cell culture-based process offers many advantages, including easier scalability and reduced dependence on the availability of eggs. The African green monkey kidney and Madin Darby canine kidney cell lines support the efficient growth of influenza viruses of different subtypes and, therefore, are considered to be the two most promising alternative substrates for the production of the human influenza vaccine.

However, the pH of endosomes in both of these cell lines is higher than the pH essential for triggering a conformational change of the hemagglutinin (HA) of human influenza viruses, which enables the viral-cellular membrane fusion. This mismatch gives rise to mutations in the HA that lead to an increase of the optimum pH of HA conformational change. As of a result of these mismatches, the HA, and consequently the whole virus, has reduced stability to low pH and elevated temperatures. The production of a vaccine from less stable virus will lead to an elevated HA content in the low pH conformation that can affect the safety, potency, infectivity, and protective efficacy of the final inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines.

The main limitations of the cell line-based influenza vaccine technology and the possibilities to preserve the viral stability over the course of influenza vaccine production are discussed in the review.
Effects of different fine aggregates on the properties of ultra-high strength concrete
Authors: Matsuda Taku , Noguchi Takafumi
Published: February 2018

When a coarse pore-structured fine aggregate with a large water absorption was used for concr- ete with a water-binder ratio of 0.12, unit water content of 135 kg/m3, and sand-aggregate ratio of 55%, the mobility, strength, and elastic modulus of concrete increased, with the autogenous shrinkage becoming extr- emely low. The authors attributed the reason for this phenomenon to the internal curing effect of fine aggre- gate based on tests using mortar samples and the properties of fine aggregate. The authors also considered that one reason for the increased strength of concrete is the reduction in the autogenous shrinkage of the mo- rtar phase, which reduces the risk of failure under local stress, based on the stress-strain relationship of con- crete and mortar under compressive deformation.
SHOE INSOLE FOR ECCENTRIC ACTIVITIES ON DAILY APPLICATION PREVENTS MUSCULAR DAMAGE AND IMPROVES FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE
Authors: Abdullah Ahmad , Kusuma Herdianty , Asnar Elyana , Purwanto Bambang
Published: February 2018

The eccentric contraction has been proven to improve Glut-1 expression in muscle and fasting glucose levels in mice. The same eccentric contraction occurs in human being when walking or running while wearing high heels. Innovation on the eccentric contraction with high heels can be done by using a specific shoe insole. The design of the rear insole is made thicker than the front. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of insole use specified for eccentric activities on daily work shoes on the skeletal muscle damage after wearing the specified insole. Skeletal muscle damage was measured based on sTnI level. This was experimental study with pretest-posttest design. The subjects involved were non-diabetic woman workers in Faculty of Medicine of Universitas Airlangga, and were divided into two groups. Each group represented group members who wore 5-degree and 10-degree insoles respectively. The angle used for the shoe insoles were 5° and 10° respectively. These insoles were worn on weekdays for one week. Blood was taken one day after the subjects stop wearing the insoles. Data results showed that the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) of subjects who wore the 10-degree insole had a value of p<0.05. The use of insole lead to decreased levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG). This study found that the sTnI levels in the 5-degree and 10-degree insole groups had no significant effect on troponin I skeletal muscle levels before and after treatment.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSION OF FAS/CD95 AND HSP70 IN LOW AND HIGH GRADE UROTHELIAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER
Authors: Heryanto Heryanto , Kusumastuti Etty Hary , Rahaju Anny Setijo
Published: February 2018

Urothelial Cell Carcinoma (UCC), also called transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, is the most common malignancy in urinary tract. The prognosis of this disease is highly dependent on the histological grading at diagnosis. Fas/CD95 has a role in apoptotic process, whereas HSP70 has an antiapoptotic role. This study aimed to analyze the expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 in low grade and high grade urothelial cell carcinoma in the bladder. This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional approach. Population and sample were paraffin blocks of urothelial cell carcinoma in the Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya in the period of January 2011-December 2016. Each grading of urothelial cell carcinoma was randomly sampled. Immunohistochemystry with Fas/CD95 and HSP70 were performed. Expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 were assessed semiquantitatively. Expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70  were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test. The results showed there was significant different in expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 in low and high grades in urothelial cell carcinoma. There was no significant correlation between the expression of Fas/CD95 and HSP70 in urothelial cell carcinoma.  As a conclusion, the role of CD95 and HSP70 expression can be useful as marker for the diagnosis, especially in the determination of the grade of differentiation.
EFFECTS OF METHYLDOPA ON VEGF LEVELS AS PROANGIOGENIC FACTOR IN SEVERE PRE-ECLAMPSIA AT HAJI HOSPITAL, SURABAYA
Authors: Juwita Dina Ratna , Yulistiani Yulistiani , M Eddy Zarkaty
Published: February 2018

Methyldopa is the main antihypertensive drug widely used in pregnant women with hypertensive disorder. It lowers blood pressure in pre-eclampsia by affecting a2-adrenoreceptors in central nervous system. However, it also decreases the production of proangio-genic factors that involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension in pre-eclampsia. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is one of proangiogenic and mitogenic factor that important for vasodilatation. VEGF is produced by the placenta and affected after treatment with methyldopa. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of methyldopa on VEGF maternal circulating level as a proangiogenic factor in severe pre-eclampsia patients who were hospitalized at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Haji Hospital, Surabaya. This study was performed by cohort prospective observational method on August to October 2016.The data was assessed at before and 48 hours after methyldopa therapy. The study was approved by the ethical committee of Haji Hospital, Surabaya. There were 19 patients with severe pre-eclampsia who met inclusive criteria. The results showed that levels of VEGF before and 48 hours after 250 mg methyldopa therapy were 1178.37(281.97-3567.28) pg/mL and 1055.17 (129.79-4272.66) pg/mL, respectively. VEGF levels in severe pre-eclampsia patients were 1194.29 (175.68-3432.01) pg/mL at before treatment and 510.66 (214.34-1236.16) pg/mL after treatment with methyldopa 500 mg therapy. In conclusion, methyldopa could decrease VEGF level on severe pre-eclampsia patients, with a decrease of 10% at the dose of 250 mg and 57% at the dose of 500 mg.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROFILE OF THE PROFESSORS OF PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY BASED ON GLOBAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: Maulida Mutia Nur , Lubis Leonardo , Sari Dian Marta
Published: February 2018

Physical activity is one of the factors which determines one’s health and fitness, including the professors of Padjadjaran University, as it might support their academic performances. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) may describe physical activity. The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity profile of the professors of Padjadjaran University based on GPAQ. Physical activity profile which was classified as gender, age group, recommendation fulfillment, and intensity variables by present-ing quantity (n) and percentage (%) was obtained from 141 professors who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The result of this des-criptive-quantitative study showed that 109 of the respondents were male, and 32 were female. According to WHO age group cate-gories, 35 respondents were middle aged, 78 were elderly, and 28 were late elderly. Fifty-eight respondents (41.1%) did not fulfill minimal recommendation for physical activity, 114 respondents (80.8%) underwent moderate activity and 29 respondents (20.6%) underwent vigorous activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that professors of Padjadjaran University, which were mostly middle-aged men, did not fulfill minimal recommendation for physical activities, although many of them underwent moderate activities in their daily routines.
Case Report: POST ESOPHAGECTOMY ESOPHAGEAL RECONSTRUCTION IN ESOPHAGEAL INJURY DUE TO CAUSTIC MATERIALS
Authors: Danardono Edwin
Published: February 2018

The esophageal caustic injury is rare, but it requires precise and complex management. A variety of reconstruction techniques have been done, but despite the increasing volume, the incidence of complications is still relatively high. We reported the experience in our center in handling esophageal reconstruction in patients with caustic esophageal injury that caused oesophageal stricture between 2014-2017. This study used case series method with literature review. The results showed that between 2014-2017, there were 3 patients with caustic esophageal injury. All patients undergoing esophageal reconstruction surgery were included under conditions of malnutrition. Two were caused by HCl and the rest by NaOH. All patients underwent a resection of stricture segment of the esophagus, either using partial or total esophagectomy. Anastomosis leakage occurred in all cases, but improved with conservative treatment. The average length of hospitalization was 27 days. The intraoperative blood loss in patients ranged from 450-700 cc. In conclusion, proper preliminary management can provide approppiate preparation of the patients for definitive or reconstructive surgery, especially to avoid malnutrition. The ideal reconstruction still could not be established, and the rate of postoperative complications was still high. The length of patient hospitalization was also relatively long.
Neoisoliquiritigenin Inhibits Tumor Progression by Targeting GRP78-β- catenin Signaling in Breast Cancer
Authors: Tang Hailin , Peng Fu , Huang Xiaojia , Xie Xinhua , Chen Bo , Shen Jiangang , Gao Fei , You Jieshu , Xie Xiaoming , Chen Jianping
Published: February 2018

Background:

Breast cancer mortality has been stable or decreasing in the world, its incidence
and recurrence rates have sharply risen worldwide in the recent years.

Objective:

To investigate the clinicopathological significance and potential function of GRP78 in the
development and progression of breast cancer. To explore the effects of neoisoliquiritigenin (NISL)
in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism.

Method:

GRP78 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using breast cancer tissue microarrays
(TMAs), and the association between GRP78 levels and clinicopathological factors and prognosis
was analyzed. The functional effects of GRP78 on breast cancer were validated by an MTT
assay, foci formation assay, Matrigel invasion assay and mouse xenograft assay. The effects of
NISL were tested by an MTT assay, apoptosis assay and mouse xenograft assay. A LigandFit algorithm,
ATPase activity assay, western blot and IHC assay were used to discover the underlying
mechanism of the effects of NSIL.

Results:

GRP78 was highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. In addition, high expression
of GRP78 was correlated to poor outcomes and distant metastasis. Functional experiments
showed that GRP78 promoted breast cancer proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. NISL inhibited
cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in breast cancer by directly binding to GRP78 to
regulate the β-catenin pathway.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these results highlighted the significance of GRP78 in breast cancer
development and suggested NISL as a natural candidate to inhibit breast cancer by targeting GRP78
and β-catenin signaling.
Active Aging and Elderly’s Quality of Life: Comparing the Impact on Literature of Projects Funded by the European Union and USA
Authors: Kirilov I , Atzeni M , Perra A , Moro D , Carta MG
Published: February 2018

Background:

The objective of this research is to verify whether European projects on Active Aging (AA) and Elderly Quality of Life (Qol) funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) produce an impact on literature similar to projects funded by the National Health Institute (NHI) of the United States on international literature using well-known bibliometric indicators. This effort may be useful in developing standardized and replicable procedures.

Methods:

Fifteen randomly selected projects on AA and Elderly Qol concluded in August 2017 and funded by FP7 were compared to similar projects funded by the US NHI with reference to papers published (Scopus and Scholar), papers published in Q1 journals, and the number of citations of the papers linked to the projects.

Results:

In all the indicators considered, the European projects showed no difference with the US NHI projects.

Conclusions:

The EU-funded AA and Qol Elderly projects have an impact on scientific literature comparable to projects funded in the United States by the NHI Agency.

Our results are consistent with the data on general medical research, which indicates that, European research remains at a high level of competitiveness.

In this experimental study, our methodology appeared to be convincing and reliable and it could be applied to the extent of the impact of more extensive research areas.

Our research did not evaluate the relationship between funding required by research and scientific productivity.
Exploring the construct of school readiness based on child development for kindergarten children
Authors: Setiawati Farida Agus , Izzaty Rita Eka , Triyanto Agus
Published: February 2018

Indonesian government has regulated that the basic age of readiness of a child to attend elementary schools is 7 years old. In fact, some children are not exactly 7 years old when they first go to school because they develop more rapidly. This study is aimed at investigating some aspects of child development which affect their readiness to attend elementary school. The subjects were 101 grade 1, 2, and 3 teachers of elementary schools in Yogyakarta, a special Region in Indonesia. The data were collected through interviews. The results of the data collection were analyzed using both descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results of the study show some aspects of child development affecting their readiness to attend elementary schools, including cognitive and language ability, social emotional skills, fine motor skills, gross motor skills, arts, religion and moral values, and some others. Beside these aspects, some problems in grades 1, 2, and 3 are also found. This study is expected to give significant indicators to create the construct of school readiness.
A model of madrasa ibtidaiya quality evaluation
Authors: Istiyani Dwi , Zamroni Zamroni , Arikunto Suharsimi
Published: February 2018

The study was to develop a madrasa ibtidaiya quality evaluation model (MIQEM) for measuring the quality of madrasa ibtidaiya (MI), including the input, the process, the short-term outcome, and the long-term outcome. The method implemented in this research was research and development (R D). The subjects of the study were the principals and teachers of state madrasa ibtidaiya. The study concluded that: (1) the a MIQEM was developed through the product selection, review and result analysis, and model draft; (2) the implementation of the developed MIQEM was done by the principals and the teachers by operating the MIQEM instrument; (3) the results of the developed MIQEM implementation showed that it could improve madrasa ibtidaiya quality; (4) the results of the model fitness test indicated that the model was fit into the data.
Sustainable Development or Global Warming: Call in the G20 Nations
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: February 2018

The UNFCCC does not deliver policy implementation against climate change. This common pool regime has too many members, resulting in transaction costs skyrocketing. It confounds sustainable development with anti-global warming policy-making and implementation. He focus should be on the G20 countries plus Iran that are responsible for more than 2/3ds of CO2s. They must go first in global de-carbonisation, closing all coal plants, replacing them with solar and atomic power, and start using electrical vehicles instead of SUVs.
PERAN SELF-AWARENESS DAN EGO SUPPORT TERHADAP KEPUASAN HIDUP REMAJA TIONGHOA
Authors: Dariyo Agoes
Published: February 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the self-awareness and

ego support on the life satisfaction of adolescence. Participants were 223

subjects (19-21 years). Collecting data by using questionnaires such as: selfawareness,

ego support, and the life satisfaction of adolescence. Data was

analyzed with multiple regression via SPSS 16.0 software program. Found was

the impact of self-awareness on life satisfaction (r2 = .052, t = 3.467 , p = .001

< .01), the impact of ego support on life satisfaction (r2 = 0,219, t = 7.877, p =

0,000 < 0,01), and the impact of self-awareness and ego support on the life

satisfaction of adolescence (r2 = 0,.243, F = 35.307, p =0, .000 < 0,01).
PERLINDUNGAN HAK REPRODUKSI PEREMPUAN UNTUK BER KBDIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PROGRAM JAMINAN PERSALINAN (PERMENKES NO.2562/MENKES/PER/XII/2011)
Authors: Eldawaty . , Widanti Agnes , Fristikawati Yanti
Published: February 2018

ABSTRAK Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 tahun 1984 disebutkan bahwa penghapusan diskriminasi dibidang pemeliharaan dan jaminan pelayanan kesehatan termasuk pelayanan KB. Melalui Undang-Undang ini memberikan landasan hukum tentang kepastian perlindungan terhadap hak reproduksi perempuan untuk bebas menentukan jumlah dan jarak kelahiran anak.Salah satu upaya guna melindungi perempuan dari kematian akibat kehamilan, pemerintah melalui peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 2562/Menkes/Per/XII/2011 menyelenggarakan Jaminan Persalinan. Pada kebijakan operasional ini disebutkan bahwa penerima manfaat jaminan persalinan didorong untuk mengikuti program KB paska persalinan dengan membuat surat pernyataan. Kondisi ini menimbulkan pertanyaaan bagaimana perlindungan hak reproduksi perempuan dalam mengambil keputusan ber-KB, bagaimana hak reproduksi perempuan yang ingin menggunakan jaminan persalinan tapi tidak mau ber-KB dan apa kendala penerapan PERMENKES Nomor 2562/Menkes/PER/XII/2011 mengenai hak reproduksi perempuan dalam ber-KB.Penelitian hukum ini menggunakan metode penelitian Deskriptif dengan pendekatan metode penelitian Yuridis Normatif ,sehingga jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaaan.Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data kualitatif dalam bentuk bahan pustaka,yakni bahan hukum primer,sekunder dan tersier.Sehubungan dengan data yang digunakan data kualitatif,maka akan dilakukan analisis kualitatif terhadap ketiga bahan hukum yang dikumpulkan,dan akan dirumuskan jawaban sementara berbentuk hipotesis kerja.Kewajiban KB pasca persalinan dengan membuat surat pernyataan bertentangan dengan undang-undang. Perempuan tidak dapat menggunakan jaminan persalinan apabila tidak ingin ber-KB.Komunikasi,informasi dan edukasi yang kurang serta ketersediaan alat kontrasepsi yang tidak siap pakai merupakan kendala penerapan PERMENKES.Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan,maka PERMENKES yang mengatur KB pasca persalinan perlu direvisi dengan mencantumkan kriteria-kriteria perempuan yang wajib untuk ber-KB guna melindungi perempuan dari kematian akibat kehamilan
Editorial
Authors: Autor Ohne
Published: February 2018

Editorial zu 2/1983
Editorial
Authors: Fabris Hans Heinz
Published: February 2018

Editorial zu 4/1984
Editorial
Authors: Autischer Alfred , Hörschinger Peter , Maier-Rabler Ursula
Published: February 2018

Editorial zu 2/1985
Pragmatically Applied Cervical and Thoracic Nonthrust Manipulation Versus Thrust Manipulation for Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Griswold David , Learman Ken , Kolber Morey J. , O'Halloran Bryan , Cleland Joshua A.
Published: February 2018

Study Design

Randomized clinical trial.

Background

The comparative effectiveness between nonthrust manipulation (NTM) and thrust manipulation (TM) for mechanical neck pain has been investigated, with inconsistent results.

Objective

To compare the clinical effectiveness of concordant cervical and thoracic NTM and TM for patients with mechanical neck pain.

Methods

The Neck Disability Index (NDI) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), numeric pain-rating scale (NPRS), deep cervical flexion endurance (DCF), global rating of change (GROC), number of visits, and duration of care. The covariate was clinical equipoise for intervention. Outcomes were collected at baseline, visit 2, and discharge. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either NTM or TM directed at the cervical and thoracic spines. Techniques and dosages were selected pragmatically and applied to the most symptomatic level. Two-way mixed-model analyses of covariance were used to assess clinical outcomes at 3 time points. Analyses of covariance were used to assess between-group differences for the GROC, number of visits, and duration of care at discharge.

Results

One hundred three patients were included in the analyses (NTM, n = 55 and TM, n = 48). The between-group analyses revealed no differences in outcomes on the NDI (P = .67), PSFS (P = .26), NPRS (P = .25), DCF (P = .98), GROC (P = .77), number of visits (P = .21), and duration of care (P = .61) for patients with mechanical neck pain who received either NTM or TM.

Conclusion

NTM and TM produce equivalent outcomes for patients with mechanical neck pain. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02619500).

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(3):137–145. Epub 6 Feb 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7738
Comportamento da mortalidade por câncer de mama nos municípios brasileiros e fatores associados
Authors: Couto Maria Silvia de Azevedo , Guerra Maximiliano Ribeiro , Firme Vinícius de Azevedo Couto , Bustamante-Teixeira Maria Teresa
Published: February 2018

Objetivo.Analisar o comportamento da mortalidade por câncer de mama nos municípios brasileiros e avaliar a influência de fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos sobre as taxas e mortalidade.

Métodos.Foram calculadas taxas de mortalidade, padronizadas por faixa etária e corrigidas por causas mal definidas, centradas em 1990, 2000 e 2010. Posteriormente, foram estimados modelos de regressão, com dados em painel, que permitiram verificar o grau de associação entre os fatores de interesse e a taxa de mortalidade pela doença.

Resultados.Verificou-se uma tendência de crescimento da mortalidade no país. Contudo, os modelos indicaram que a mortalidade poderia ter diminuído (tendência negativa), principalmente no Sudeste e Sul, caso alguns fatores associados à doença (por exemplo, nível de renda, educação, longevidade, taxa de fecundidade, gastos em saúde, infraestrutura, entre outros) tivessem permanecido constantes durante o período considerado. Observou-se que a mortalidade por câncer de mama apresentou associação positiva/significativa com a longevidade e negativa/significativa com o nível de gastos públicos em saúde. A mortalidade foi maior nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, nos municípios com mais de 500 000 habitantes e naqueles onde a população é inferior a 5 000.

Conclusões.O crescimento da renda per capita, a elevação da expectativa de vida e a diminuição da taxa de fecundidade podem estar associados a elevadas taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama e a uma tendência de crescimento na mortalidade por esse câncer nos municípios brasileiros.
Bazı Yağlık Ayçiçeğİ (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotiplerinin Erzurum Ekolojik Koşullarında Adaptasyon Kabiliyetlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: SEFAOĞLU Fırat , Kaya Canan
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışma, Erzurum ekolojik
koşullarına uygun yağlık ayçiçeği genotiplerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla
yürütülmüştür. Ayçiçeği denemesi 2015 yılında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine
göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak Doğu Anadolu Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Pasinler
deneme istasyonunda kurulmuştur. Çalışmada 10 farklı yağlık ayçiçeği genotipi
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada genotiplerin çıkış ve çiçeklenme süresi, bitki
boyu, tabla çapı,  bin dane ağırlığı,
tohum verimi, ham yağ oranı  ve ham yağ
verimi öğeleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucuna göre, genotipler arasında dane
verimi, yağ oranı, yağ verimi, bin dane ağırlığı, bitki boyu ve tabla çapı
bakımından farklılığı P<0.01 ihtimal sınırında önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir.
En yüksek tohum verimi Bosfora  (279,8 kg da-1), en düşük tohum verimi ise Erz 10-3 (146,9 kg da-1), en yüksek ham yağ oranı
08 Tr 003 (% 41,2), en düşük ham yağ oranı ise Erz 10-3  (% 30,5), en yüksek
ham yağ verimi 111,9 kg da-1 ile Bosfora, en düşük ham
yağ verimi ise 44,8 kg da-1
ile Erz 10-3 genotipinden elde edilmiştir
Regression Tree Approach for Assessing the Effects of Non-Genetic Factors on Birth Weight of Hemşin Lamb
Authors: Balta Burcuhan , Topal Mehmet
Published: February 2018

This study examined effects of birth year,
herd type, age of dam, lamb sex, birth type and lamb color on birth weight in
Hemsin lambs using the regression tree method. The study used the data obtained
from 9113 Hemsin lambs born between 2007-2010. The average birth weight of
Hemsin lambs was found to be 3.55 kg and the standard deviation was 0.727 kg.
Significant differences were found in birth weights of Hemsin lambs according
to birth year (P<0.001), birth type (P<0.001) and lamb sec (P<0.01),
whereas no statistically significant difference was found according to herd
type, age of dam and lamb color (P>0.05). According to the regression tree
diagram, the most important factors affecting birth weight of Hemsin lambs were
birth year, birth type, sex, herd type and age of dam. The absence of lamb
color in the regression tree diagram indicates its insignificant effect on
birth weight. The low risk value (0.456) and high R-Squared value (0.862) of
the regression tree model shows that the model is sufficient to explain birth
weight. Variables of birth year, birth type, sex, herd type and age of dam
explained 86.2% of the variation in birth weight.
Studi pembesaran tiram (Crassostrea sp) melalui desain tata letak yang berbeda
Authors: Zainura Zainura , Rusydi Rachmawaty , Khalil Munawar
Published: February 2018

Tiram (Crassostrea sp) merupakan salah satu bivalvial potensial yang dapat dikembangkan dalam rangka meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi. Tata desain media budidaya tiram yang baik akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tiram. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tata desain media budidaya tiram yang baik sehingga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup tiram. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Keramba Jaring Apung Loskala Lhokseumawe dan di Laboratorium Hatchery dan Teknologi Reulet Program Studi Budidaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Malikussaleh dari bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2015. Adapun perlakuannya yaitu metode peletakkan benih tiram secara rak (horizontal), gantung (vertikal) dan didasar perairan dengan substrak batuan. Adapun rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan dan 3 perlakuan dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) jika terdapat perbedaan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kelangsungan hidup, pertambahan panjang, lebar, ketebalan cangkang, pertambahan bobot dan kualitas air. Pertambahan bobot, lebar, panjang, dan ketebalan cangkang tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan B yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 42,95 gram, 1,331 mm, 1,487 mm, 1,843 mm dan pertambahan bobot, lebar, panjang, dan ketebalan cangkang terendah terdapat pada perlakuan C yaitu 0,00 gram dan 0,00 mm. Rata-rata kelangsungan hidup yaitu 84% pada perlakuan A dan B, 0% pada perlakuan C. parameter kualitas air berada pada kisaran yang baik untuk pertumbuhan tiram dalam kisaran suhu 27 - 30 oC, pH 6,8 – 7,5 , dan DO 4,8 – 7,4 ppm.Oysters (Crassostrea sp) is one of the bivalves that is potential to be developed for improving the economic income. The good layout design for culturing oyster will affect its growth and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the layout design which was good for oyster cultivation affecting the growth and survival of oyster. This research was conducted at floating cage Loskala,  Lhokseumawe and in Hatchery and Technology Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Agriculture Faculty Malikussaleh University fwhich was held on June to August 2015. The treatments were to use rack method (horizontal), hanging (vertical) and bottom methods. Completely randomized design (CRD) was used as research design with three replication for three treatments. Then it was continued by LSD (Least Significant Difference) Test,if there was a difference.Parameters measured were survival length, width, thickness of the shell, weight and water quality.The highest weight, width, length, and thickness of shell were obtained in treatment B which were 42,95 gram; 1,331 mm, 1,487 mm, 1,843 mm. other wise, the lowest one were obtained in treatment C which were 0 gram and 0 mm.The survival rate of both treatment A and B was 89%, which treatment C was 0%. water quality parameters were in good range for growth of oysters where as temperature 27-30 ° C, pH 6,8 to 7,5, and DO 4,8 to 7,4 ppm.
Pengenalan Bahasa dan Budaya Jepang Bagi Guru dan Siswa
Authors: Kartika Diana , Astuti Yuni , Bakar Yusrizal , Mardius Ali
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the introduction of Japanese language and cultural recognition for teachers and students of SMA Xaverius Bukittinggi is that students understand from the beginning that to be able to master and communicate using Japanese language well is not enough to master only four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) Should be able to understand Japanese culture. If you can use Japanese and understand Japanese culture well, then communication misconceptions with Japanese people can be minimized. Therefore, learning Japanese language academically also requires the process of learning Japanese culture.
SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN DALAM MENENTUKAN INSENTIF BAGI KARYAWAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE PROMETHEE
Authors: Tri Irawati Aorora Mahardika, Sri Siswanti,
Published: February 2018

PT. Sami Surya Indah has 7,100 employees who provide incentive issues, in addition to the current handling of obstacles in reporting and determination of employees who deserve incentives. The current system in the Company is still using manual process where the database used is still in paper form. For that will be designed and made a decision support system to determine the incentives for employees with the method Promethee in PT. Sami Surya Indah. The purpose of this study is to design and build systems that can assist in determining the feasibility of providing incentives to prospective employees. This study also aims to apply the Promethee method for determining the feasibility of providing incentives to employees. Methods of data collection include field study and literature study. Field studies include interviews and observations. While the literature study conducted by examining the relevant literature with the problem. Designing system design using CD (Context Diagram), DFD (Data Flow Diagram) and ERD (Entity Relation Diagram), Implementation program with PHP and database MySql. The results of the functionality test shows the application is running in accordance with its function and based on the validity test of the application has been declared valid. In performing system performance testing the author uses Blackbox method. Keywords: Decision Support System, Promethee Method, Incentive Determination
Beden Eğitimi Öğretmen Adaylarının İletişim Beceri Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: AYDIN Elif , ÇELİK Akın , BAŞ Mustafa
Published: February 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı; beden
eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının iletişim beceri düzeylerini bazı değişkenlere göre
incelemektir. Çalışma, 2016-2017 Eğitim Öğretim yılında Karadeniz Teknik
Üniversitesi ve Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümünde
öğrenim gören toplam 344 öğretmen adayı üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan
“Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Korkut
(1997) tarafından geliştirilen “İletişim Becerilerini
Değerlendirme Ölçeği” (İBDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada tarama modeli
kullanılmıştır.

Verilerin
değerlendirilmesinde istatistiksel yöntem olarak; betimsel istatistikler,
bağımsız gruplar için t-Testi ve Tek Yönlü varyans Analizinden yararlanılmış,
anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 alınmıştır. Araştırma
verilerinin analizinde SPSS 21.00 programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının iletişim beceri düzeylerinin cinsiyet,
üniversite, yaşadıkları yerleşim yeri spor branşı ile ilgilenme durumu puanları
arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Bulgular literatür
ışığında tartışılmış
ve ortaya çıkan sonuçlar doğrultusunda
öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Novi Pazar Edebiyatçısı Tahir Efendi Boşnak (1770-1850)
Authors: ŠKRİJELJ Redžep
Published: February 2018

Boşnakların
Alhamiyado edebiyatı birkaç bilim adamı ve şarkiyatçının bilimsel
araştırmalarısonucu olarak pöpülerlik kazanmıştır. Arşivlerde ve özel
derlemelerde henüz tanınmamış ve unutulmuş el yazıların varoluşu bilgilerinden
yana, birkaç önemli edebiyatçının eserleri dikkatimizi almaya değerli olmuştur.
Sancak'ta bu edebiyat alanı o kadar özel bir gelişim yorüngesini aşmıştır ki
onun hakkında sadece birkaç alimden ve derviş şeyhinden oluşan yazarlar
grubundan aldığımız bilgiler üzeridnen değerlendirme yapabilmekteyiz. Bunlar
arasında da Yeni Pazar şehrin yakınlarındaki Lukare köyünden gelen Mehmed Tahir
Boşnak'ın edebi külliyatıdır. Önerdiğimiz yaratıcı, çalışmış olduğu bölgenin
kültür kamusundan daha çok Avrupa edebiyatında büyük şöhret kazanmıştır. Bıraktığı
edebi eserler ve el yazılar bu yazarın Alhamiyado Arnavutça, Osmanlıca ve Arapça
dilinde yarattığına tanıklık etmektedir. Küçük Medresesin'de mualim görevini
gördüğü Yeni Pazar ve derviş şeyhi görevini yaptığı Kosova'nın Yakova
şehirlerinde yaşamıştır. Başlıca Arnavut edebiyatında şöhret kazanmış olduğuna
rağmen Boşnaklar arasında tamamen unutulmuştur. Mehmed Tahir Boşnak, Mehmed
Tahir Saraçeviç, Yakovalı Tahir, Büyük Efendi ve Şeyh Tahir Efendi adları bilim
adamları tarafından Arnavut veya Boşnak olarak bilinen Sancak doğumlu tek büyük
Alhamiyado edebiyatçı ve ilim adamının adını temsil etmektedir.
Ali Galip Olayı
Authors: ÖZER Sevilay
Published: February 2018

Mondros Ateşkes Anlaşmasının imzalanmasından hemen
sonra ülkenin İtilaf Devletlerinin işgali altına girdiğini gören Mustafa Kemal
Paşa halkı bilinçlendirmek ve kurtuluş hareketini başlatabilmek için Anadolu’ya
geçmiştir. O günden itibaren millî bir kongrenin toplanmasının gerekliliğini
savunan Mustafa Kemal, daha kongre toplanmadan birtakım sorunlarla
karşılaşmıştır. Damat Ferit Paşa Hükümeti Millî Mücadele Hareketi’nin kuvvet
bulmasından çekindiği için Elazığ Valisi Ali Seydi Bey’i görevden alarak yerine
Ali Galip Bey’i tayin ettirmiştir. Aynı gün Sivas’a gelen Ali Galip, Mustafa
Kemal Paşa’nın tutuklanması için Sivas Valisi Reşit Paşa’ya baskı yapmış ancak
bir sonuç alamamıştır. Bununla yetinmeyen Ali Galip, Sivas Kongresi’nin
dağıtılmasına yönelik teşebbüste bulunmuşsa da Milli Mücadele Hareketi’nin
baltalanmasına yönelik olan bu girişim vaktinde alınan önlemler sayesinde
başarısız kılınmıştır. Mustafa Kemal Paşa, İstanbul Hükümeti tarafından tertip
edilen Ali Galip Olayı’nı çok iyi değerlendirmiş ve Milli Mücadeleye
düşmanlığıyla tanınan Damat Ferit Paşa Hükümeti’nin düşürülmesini sağlamıştır.