bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Teacher’s Invisible Hand: A Meta-Analysis of the Relevance of Teacher–Student Relationship Quality for Peer Relationships and the Contribution of Student Behavior
Authors: Endedijk Hinke M. , Breeman Linda D. , van Lissa Caspar J. , Hendrickx Marloes M. H. G. , den Boer Larissa , Mainhard Tim
Published: October 2021

The relationships that students have with teachers and peers are important for their academic, social, and behavioral development. How teachers relate to students may affect students’ peer relationships and thereby foster or hamper students’ development. To shed more light on the teacher’s role with respect to peer relationships, this meta-analysis assessed the association between the quality of teacher–student and peer relationships (n = 297 studies; n = 1,475 unique effect sizes). We took student behavior into account, as it is known to affect both types of relationship. In addition, design characteristics such as positive versus negative aspects of relationships, type of informants, and educational level were considered. Results showed that negative aspects of the teacher–student relationship in particular were predictive of peer relationships. Moreover, teacher–student relationship quality partially mediated the association between student behavior and peer relationships. For teachers, preventing or reducing negative aspects in their relationships with students who have behavioral problems can positively affect classroom peer relationships.
Studi Kasus Asuhan Keperawatan Psikososial Pada Tn.K Dengan Gangguan Citra Tubuh Di Gang Musara
Authors: Damanik Ira Agustyne
Published: October 2021

Polio merupakan (keluarga Picornaviridae), sering disingkat sebagai "Polio" adalah virus yang paling ditakuti abad ke-20 di dunia yang menghasilkan permulaan program inisiatif global untuk pemberantasan polio. Sebagian polio positif yang diakibatkan oleh enterovirus RNA ini dikenal dengan kemampuannya untuk mempengaruhi sebuah bagian dari sumsum tulang belakang, dan mengakibatkan terjadinya Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) atau dapat menyebabkan kematian jika otot pernapasan atau tenggorokan mendapat lumpuh tetapi untungnya tidak banyak kasus yang terjadi.
PERMASALAHAN PENCEMARAN AIR YANG TERJADI DILINGKUNGAN
Authors: Rahman Aulia
Published: October 2021

Air adalah yang sangat diperlukan dalam kehidupan sehari-sehari, semua orang pasti bergantung pada air. Maka dari itu air harus dipergunakan sebagaimana mestinya sesuai dengan keperluan saja. Namun, sekarang ini banyak permasalahan penyediaan air yang kurang memenuhi syarat. Kualitas air yang semula sesuai dengan standar konsumsi namun sekarang kuantitas air telah berkurang yang disebabkan oleh pencemaran. Setiap orang harus berupaya untuk menjaga dan melestarikan sumber air agar tidak terjadi krisis air pada masa yang akan datang. Selain harus menjaga kualitas air juga harus melestarikan lingkungan yang berada disekitar sumber air tersebut, baik disungai, pantai, ataupun laut sehingga air dan lingkungan tetap bersih. Kepedulian terhadap kelestarian air begitu sangat diharapkan agar bisa sama-sama menjaga terhadap sumberdaya air tersebut. Pencemaran air saat ini berada dalam tahap memprihatinkan sehingga diperlukan tindakan untuk menjaga, merawat dan melestarikan lingkungan disekitar air. Tindakan yang dapat dilakukan berupa menumbuhkan kepedulian terhadap air sehingga pencemaran air dapat diminimalisir. Artikel ini membahas tentang pencemaran air, dampak dan penanggulangan terhadap pencemaran tersebut, arti penting air bagi kehidupan, upaya pelestarian sumberdaya air. Semoga artikel ini dapat bermanfaat bagi sekalian orang dan memberikan informasi bagi kita semua, sehingga akan dapat mengurangi pencemaran yang terjadi dan akan didapat air yang bersih dan sehat.
Studi Kasus Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn. G Dengan Masalah Gangguan Sensori Persepsi Halusinasi
Authors: M.Rivalsyah
Published: October 2021

Halusinasi adalah suatu gejala pada individu dengan gangguan jiwa yang mengalami gangguan perubahan persepsi sensori yang ditandai dengan klien merasakan sensasi berupa suara, penglihatan, pengecapan, perabaan, atau penghiduan tanpa stimulus yang nyata
Examining Evaluativity in Legal Discourse: A Comparative Corpus-Linguistic Study of Thick Concepts
Authors: Willemsen Pascale , Baumgartner Lucien , Frohofer Severin , Reuter Kevin
Published: October 2021

How evaluative are legal texts? Do legal scholars and jurists speak a more descriptive or perhaps a more evaluative language? In this paper, we present the results of a corpus study in which we examined the use of evaluative language in both the legal domain as well as public discourse. For this purpose, we created two corpora. Our legal professional corpus is based on court opinions from the U.S. Courts of Appeals. We compared this professional corpus to a public corpus, which is based on blog discussions on the internet forum Reddit. While many linguistic phenomena can give insights into evaluativity, we investigated the use of a wide selection of evaluative adjectives (more specifically, thick adjectives) to gain a more comprehensive picture of the degree of evaluativity in the legal domain. Our analysis shows that legal professionals use thick terms less evaluatively than laypeople, which suggests that legal texts are less evaluative than ordinary discussions. This result, more generally, supports the philosophical idea that thick concepts may vary in their evaluative intensity.
Associations of excess myocardial mass, echoreflectiveness and aldosterone synthase gene polymorphism in men with hypertension
Authors: Osovska N. Y. , Lozinska M. S. , Lozinsky S. E. , Taran I. V. , Mazur Y. V. , Dovganiuk I. E. , Gribenuk O. V. , Kuzminova N. V.
Published: October 2021

Hypertensive remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) is largely due to the influence of a number of control genes. In particular, the regulatory gene CYP11B2, which is responsible for the activity of aldosterone in blood plasma, affects the processes of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and microcirculation. This study is devoted to the search for the effect of polymorphic aldosterone synthase carriers on the severity of the components of left ventricular hypertrophy in men with essential hypertension (EH) and representatives of the control group, residents of Podyllia region. The aim of the study was to determine associations between excess (inappropriate) myocardial mass, parameters of standard echocardiography and parameters of echoreflectivity in men with essential hypertension, carriers of different polymorphic variants of aldosteronesynthase gene. The study involved 150 men, aged 45-60 years, residents of the Podyllia region, who had no irreversible damage of target organs. Among them, 50 were in the control group, 58 – had EH of 1st stage and 42 men had EH of 2nd stage. All participants were measured for office blood pressure, performed a standard echocardiographic examination with the addition of standard EchoCG protocol by determination of the parameters of echoreflectivity and evaluation of appropriateness of left ventricular l mass (LVM) to hemodynamic load, according to the formula de Simone et al. and calculating the excessiveness ratio (ER) and determined the C-344T polymorphism of the CYP11B2 gene in venous blood samples by PCR. Statistical processing of the obtained results is performed using a specialized statistical application “Statistica 12.0”. It was found that the prevalence of CC polymorphism of the CYP11B2 gene in men with inappropriate LVM was almost twice higher than in men with appropriate to hemodynamic load LVM (p=0.015 by criterion χ2). At the same time, men with inappropriate LVM were characterized by higher values of echoreflectivity parameters BB and mCSV. In contrast to patients of the control group and patients with EH of 1st stage, patients with EH of 2nd stage, actual LVM (287.4 (53.9) g) significantly (p<0.001) exceeded the predicted values (189 (37.8) g). According to the results of Spearman's rank correlation analysis, it was found that the carrier of the CC genotype of aldosterone synthase gene is associated with higher values of the LVM ER. Thus, patients carrying the polymorphic CC variant of CYP11B2 gene are characterized by more pronounced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, greater excess of LV mass relative to individual hemodynamic needs, more aggressive processes of myocardial fibrosis.
Clinical significance of single nucleotide missense-mutation rs950880 of the IL1RL1 gene in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Bahrij D. A.
Published: October 2021

Modern cardiology requires the search for specific pathogenetically involved gene mutations, the consequences of which can be considered in the management of patients with hypertension. Scientists are targeting C/A polymorphism at the rs950880 position, which is associated with tissue expression of the IL1RL1 gene and the plasma level of soluble ST2 – a new biomarker in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of rs950880 polymorphism of the IL1RL1 gene and the state of central and intracardiac hemodynamics in men with essential hypertension (EН) of varying severity, residents of the Podillia region of Ukraine. 170 men who met the inclusion criteria were examined according to a standard protocol, which included clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations in accordance with current recommendations. The subjects were divided into a control group of 70 men without cardiovascular disease and a study group of 50 men with asymptomatic EН and 50 people with EH complicated by IIA stage chronic heart failure (CHF). Genotyping of SNP rs950880 of the IL1RL1 gene was performed using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. All men in the control group and the study group underwent echocardiography with Doppler according to the standard protocol. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in the package Statistica 12.0 using conjugation tables analysis, analysis of variance. It was found that among men living in Vinnytsia, Ukraine, carriers of СС and CA SNP rs950880 of the IL1RL1 gene dominate (42.35 % and 45.30 % of individuals, respectively), AA homozygotes are significantly less common (12.53 %, p<0.05). Men without cardiovascular diseases and patients with EH do not differ significantly in the frequency of different variants of the genotype of the studied gene. C\A polymorphism is not associated with the risk of EН. The homozygotes AA with EH have a significantly lower LV myocardial mass index (LVMMI) (69.14±6.90 g/m2.7, compared with homozygotes CC – 75.42±2.54 g/m2.7, and heterozygotes CA – 76.96±3.18 g/m2.7, p<0.05). Among the carriers of the C allele, an "unfavorable" EН phenotype is mainly formed in the form of a high risk of LV hypertrophy (OR=11.36, 95 % СI=0.63-24.76, χ2=14.32, p=0.0008). Homozygotes AA in the rs950880 locus of the IL1RL1 gene, on the contrary, have a low probability of developing LV hypertrophy (OR=0.80, 95 % SI=0.02-0.42, χ2=14.32, p=0.0008) and its preserved systolic function. Thus, the SNP rs950880 of the IL1RL1 gene is not associated with the risk of EH or its severity in residents of Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Carriage of the C allele is accompanied by the formation of an "unfavorable" EH phenotype with a significantly high risk of LV hypertrophy.
The Expression, Morphology, and Clinical Characteristics of Fibroblast Growth Factor-10 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Molashahi Samira , Farhud Dariush D , Saffari Mojtaba , Ebrahimi Elmira , Emamirazavi Amirnader , Shirkoohi Reza
Published: October 2021

Background: Fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) is a member of a superfamily with characteristics of epithelial cell proliferation and embryonic development and is assumed to have a role in a phenomenon called the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The previous study has revealed the critical role of FGF-10 in type III EMT in breast cancer cell lines. The mentioned finding, demonstrates the possible role of this factor in type III EMT in cancers with different origins such as breast. The present study investigated the expression of FGF-10 as a mitotic-inducing growth factor, normally has a low expression in breast tissues amongst breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: 67 breast cancer tissues and 8 normal breast tissues were randomly selected from the Iran national tumor bank. The FGF-10 gene expression analysis was performed after the RNA expression using the real-time RTPCR, which was followed by the Student’s t-test statistical analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the relative expression of FGF-10 was elevated in tumor tissues as compared with normal breast tissues, and the higher expression had a direct correlation with the progression of clinical and pathologic staging. The expression was also significantly higher in triple-negative breast cancer and p53 null tissues. Conclusion: Taken together, it is suggested that, although in some variables it was not significant but generally the invasion and migration in tumor tissues are the same as in-vitro analysis as indicated before, and the expression has a direct relationship with the molecular presentation and clinical -pathological progression.
التوافق الزواجي وعلاقته بتقبل الذات لدى معلمات محافظة شمال الشرقية
Authors: بنت حمود بن ناصر المحرزية حفصة , بن أحمد القصابي خليفة
Published: October 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى فحص العلاقة بين التوافق الزواجي وتقبل الذات لدى معلمات محافظة شمال الشرقية. حيث تكونت عينة الدراسة من (618) معلمة متزوجة. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام الأدوات التالية: الأولى مقياس التوافق الزواجي ل( قاسم، 2015)، والأداة الثانية تم استخدام بعد واحد وهو بعد تقبل الذات من مقياس السعادة النفسية ل(Carol Ryff,1989 )،. وقد أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى كلٍّ من التوافق الزواجي وتقبل الذات كانا مرتفعين، كما أظهرت النتائج أيضا عدم تأثير عدد سنوات الزواج على التوافق الزواجي إذ لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية فيه، كذلك أظهر حساب الارتباطات بين المتغيرات وجود علاقة إيجابية دالة إحصائياً بين التوافق الزواجي وتقبل الذات حيث بينت تقبل الذات ما نسبته 21.8% من التوافق الزواجي، وبينت أنه يمكن التنبؤ بالتوافق الزواجي من خلال تقبل، ومما أوصت به الدراسة الاستفادة من العلاقة الارتباطية والتنبؤية بين تقبل الذات والتوافق الزواجي لحل الخلافات الزوجية وبناء البرامج الإرشادية في مجال الإرشاد الأسري.
Human Ocular Thelaziasis: A Case Report
Authors: Pal Anjila , Atreya Alok , Maharjan Nabina , Mahat Monika , Bom Rabin
Published: October 2021

Thelaziasis is a zoonotic disease which affects the eye of domestic and wild carnivores caused by the nematode Thelazia. It is transmitted to humans by secretophagous arthropod-borne zoophilic nonbiting flies of the family Drosophilidae. Human thelaziasis is rare and occurs in poor socio-economic families of the rural locations where people live in close proximity with animals. A one and halfyear-old was presented to the outpatient ophthalmology clinic after her mother noticed a whitish, thread-like worm in her right eye. A total of four worms were mechanically removed from her right eye. All the collected worms were gravid female nematodes of Thelazia species. The present case of human ocular thelaziasis from Palpa, Nepal is presented for its rarity.
Major Spinal Surgery Between Two Documented COVID-19 Infections in an Elderly Female: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Bishruti , Paudyal Nabin , Rajbhandari Binod , Pradhanang Amit , Dwa Nikita , Pradhan Ajay , Sharma Mohan Raj
Published: October 2021

Documented re-infection of COVID-19 is uncommon and doing a major spinal surgery in an elderly patient right after the recovery from the first event is itself a major undertaking. Re-infection after successful surgery points to the possibility of COVID-19 infection being a post-surgical complication. Here, we report a case of a 72-years-old elderly female who had presented to us with features of COVID-19 infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay and unstable spinal fracture who underwent a pedicle screw fixation for the fracture of the third and fourth thoracic vertebrae after two consecutive negative serology assays. A month after discharge from the hospital, she presented with severe symptoms of COVID-19 again confirmed by two consecutive polymerase chain reaction assays. She was managed conservatively and was discharged without significant respiratory and neurological complications. We described this case in detail in addition to reviewing the pertinent literature.
Blood Lead Level among Children between 8-18 years of Age by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Yagya Kumari , Prasad Khanal Madhav , Krishna Shrestha Shree , Shrestha Jeewan , Shrestha Navin
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Lead is naturally available toxic heavy metal which is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and produces detrimental effects on health, particularly young children. Lead toxicity has become an emerging global burden of disease varying with the age, socio-economic status, occupation, industrialization, social customs and behaviours. The objective of this study was to find out the baseline blood lead level among children between 8-18 years.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in Gokarneshwor Municipality, Kathmandu with a total of 160 children between 8-18 years of age from 2018 to 2019 after taking ethical approval from Research and Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 17-074/075). Informed written consent was taken from the principal along with their respective parents and semi structured questionnaires were asked to students. Sample size was calculated and simple random sampling was done. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and descriptive statistics.
Results: The mean blood lead level of the children was 4.39±7.35 µg/dl. Mean hemoglobin being 12.63g/dl; out of 160 children 30 (18.75%) children had blood lead levels. Children with elevated blood lead level had mean haemoglobin level within normal range (13.05gm/dl), however out of 30 children, 8 (27%) had haemoglobin level below normal.
Conclusions: Lead exposure in the children of urban area of Nepal is considerably high as compared to similar studies coducted in similar settings.
Silent Myocardial Infarction and Acute Multiorgan Failure in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Baral Nischit , Montalbano Andrea , Khan Ashiya , Qureshi Mehak , Luitel Pankaj
Published: October 2021

Silent myocardial infarction or unrecognized myocardial infarction has increased prevalence in elderly population with increased cardiovascular risk factors. However, its prevalence in COVID-19 patients is not well-known. A 77-year-old Caucasian male with COVID-19 pneumonia, presented with silent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, diabetic ketoacidosis and multiorgan failure. He underwent cardiac catheterization and drug eluting stent placement in the ostial right coronary artery with safety protocol. He was discharged to extended-care-facility in stable condition. This is a first case report of silent ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a patient presenting with COVID-19. In patients with COVID-19, acute myocardial infarction should be ruled out even when asymptomatic, especially in older patients. Prompt intervention using safety protocol is life-saving.
Anxiety among COVID-19 Patients during Their Stay in Isolation Ward in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rawal Prabhat , Neupane Rasik , Singh Aastha , Basnet Prabina , Chapagain Sudeep , Chapagain Sunder , Paudel Rabi , Thapa Sangharsha , Pokhrel Rojan , Pokhrel Nirdesh
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Once a patient is diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, they are required to stay in isolation for some period of time without any social interaction whether be at home or in a hospital setting. The fear of contagion, stigmatization of COVID-19, the social isolation and fear of disease complication has undeniably brought lots of stress and other mental health problems among the infected patients. The main aim of this study is to find the prevalence of anxiety among patients staying in the isolation ward of a tertiary care center.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 147 COVID-19 patients admitted in the isolation ward of a tertiary care center in Nepal from 20 June to 25 July 2021. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council (Reference number 3546). Convenient sampling method was used. Analysis of the data was done using Microsoft Excel and Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was done and frequency and percentage were calculated.
Results: Out of 147 participants, 29 (19.74.%) (95% Confidence Interval= 13.31-26.17) experienced some form of anxiety symptoms during their stay in isolation.
Conclusions: Anxiety among COVID-19 patients in this study is similar to other studies done in similar settings. Anxiety among COVID-19 patients is quite high as compared to non COVID-19 patients, therefore assessment of mental health conditions like anxiety, insomnia, depression in patients admitted with COVID-19 should be performed along with the management of physical symptoms.
Low Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhandari Abashesh , Chaudhary Ashlesha
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the common disorders prevalent among both developed and developing countries. Irritable Bowel Syndrome has been linked to many diseases and conditions, one of them being Vitamin D deficiency. To the best of our knowledge, no study of vitamin D deficiency status has been done yet in Nepalese setup. This study aims to find out the prevalence of low levels of Vitamin D in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal between November 2020 and July 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (Ref No: 027-077/078). Convenient sampling was done. The collected data was entered and analyzed in Microsoft Excel. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of a total of 71 patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, the prevalence of low levels of vitamin D was 44 (61.97%) (95% Confidence Interval= 50.67-73.26). Out of the patients with low vitamin levels, insufficiency was seen in 23 (52.27%) and deficiency was seen in 21 (47.72%).
Conclusions: Our study found the prevalence of low Vitamin D levels among patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome to be lower when compared to other studies.
Presença de íons nitrato em amostras de água de 26 regiões do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Fiori Raquel , Marques Tiago Queiroz , Ayres Cleiton Jaques , Bohn Barbara , Back Bruna
Published: October 2021

O sistema de abastecimento de água para fins de consumo humano é constituído de instalações e equipamentos que fornecem água potável para uma comunidade e deve estar de acordo com o que estabelece o dispositivo legal em vigor no Brasil, a Portaria de Consolidação nº 5, de 28 de setembro de 2017 do Ministério da Saúde. Dentre os problemas de qualidade da água, ressalta-se a contaminação dos mananciais por nutrientes influenciando negativamente a diversidade biológica das águas. Um destes nutrientes é o nitrogênio em sua forma de ânion nitrato. Tendo em vista este cenário, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a presença de íon nitrato na água subterrânea, em especial nas 26 regiões do RS do qual foi conduzido um estudo transversal sobre o solo. A metodologia adotada foi a cromatografia iônica feita com 249 amostras de água tratada no ano de 2018 na Seção Contaminantes do LACEN /CEVS/RS. Traçou-se características relevantes sobre os tipos de solo: latossolo, neossolo, nitossolo e chernossolo das regiões de coleta, sendo estes reconhecidos como de interesse no estudo. Como resultado, constatou-se que o íon nitrato foi mais incidente na Região da Serra, Norte e Noroeste Colonial. Tendo em vista as decorrentes atividades antropogênicas e a espacialização das fontes de poluição de origem agrícola revelando a contaminação dos corpos hídricos em função das características hidrogeológicas e hidroquímicos, evidenciou-se o fato da detecção deste íon nitrato nestas regiões e solos.
The Impact of Covid-19 on University Students’ Mental Health in Morocco
Authors: Oubaha Driss , Amzaourou Oualid , Yassine Harroudi , Mouhatti Saga
Published: October 2021

University students are particularly vulnerable to numerous mental health issues suffering from elevated levels of depression, anxiety, fear, and stress compared to the general population. The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively affected Moroccan university students' psychological status. This study aims at investigating the impact that Covid-19 has on Moroccan university students' mental health during the lockdown period. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the three-month quarantine period (April, May, and June 2020). An online survey was used to collect data from 560 students (n= 560) from five universities in Morocco. The results show that students experienced moderate to high levels of depression and anxiety and severe levels of stress during the lockdown period. Indeed, the findings also revealed that having a relative or acquaintance infected or died and/or being afraid to be infected by Covid-19 is the main predictor in increasing the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. As university students face the risk of high levels of psychological distress particularly during these circumstances, it is of utmost importance to create monitoring services within universities to reduce the potential amplified burden that these traumatic events can have on the students.
La historia, la ciencia política y la administración de empresas
Authors: Covo-Torres Augusto
Published: October 2021

En el mundo moderno, escribió Bertrand Rusell, e incluso, hasta donde nos es dable pronosticar para el Siglo XXI a un individuo le es y le será imposible lograr resultados importantes sino logra dominar (léase Administrar), alguna amplia organización.
El nuevo estatuto cambiario
Authors: Aguilera-Díaz María
Published: October 2021

El nuevo estatuto cambiario adoptado mediante la Resolución Externa Nº 21 del 2 de septiembre de 1993 de la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República, derogó la Resolución 57 de 1991 de la Junta Monetaria, con sus adiciones y modificaciones. No obstante, dejó vigentes las disposiciones relacionadas con la posición propia de los intermediarios del mercado cambiario. Las relativas a los títulos canjeables por certificados de cambio y las concernientes al comercio del oro.
Marco general en la hotelería en Cartagena
Authors: Marrugo-Torrente Dennis
Published: October 2021

Hablar de la industria sin chimeneas en Cartagena de Indias es remontamos a la época de la colonia y recordar los lugares que utilizaban los conquistadores para hospedarse al llegar a la isla de Calamarí. Las primeras formas de vivienda utilizadas en la conquista fueron los campamentos. Posteriormente, cuando Cartagena de Indias fue fundada, y sus calles trazadas por Juan de Badillo, se comienza a utilizar las chozas o bohíos hechos en palma y bahareque, materiales disponibles para los conquistadores.
Plan de mejoramiento de la gestión tecnológica para el Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CICTE) de la Universidad de Cartagena, 2003-2006
Authors: Amézquita-López Julio
Published: October 2021

Este artículo se refiere a los contenidos y resultados de un trabajo de grado desarrollado en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas (Universidad de Cartagena), entregado en Enero del 2003 y cuyos autores fueron David Alejandro Lujan Pardo y Orly Sofía Otero Ruiz (Administradores industriales) y que se encuentra disponible al público en la Biblioteca Fernández Madrid de la Universidad.PALABRAS CLAVES: Gestión, Investigación, Tecnología, Innovación, Proyectos, Ciencia.
Comportamiento innovador de las PYMES y grandes empresas en la industria química de Cartagena
Authors: Amézquita-López Julio , Baldovino-Villacob Erik
Published: October 2021

Este documento aborda un análisis del comportamiento en materia de innovación en las pequeñas, medianas y grandes empresas del sector químico de la ciudad de Cartagena, entre el período 2000 y 2003. En él se concluye, que las empresas en estudio son innovadoras en sentido amplio, ya que han alcanzado en ese período, innovaciones tecnológicas en productos y en procesos, y en menor medida, también han tenido ciertas innovaciones en lo organizacional y en comercialización. Las fuentes de tales innovaciones han sido tanto internas como externas a las empresas, aunque se observó que la relación de éstas con el entorno científico y tecnológico es calificada como bajo, no sólo con su ciudad y región sino con el país.Palabras Claves: Innovación tecnológica, Industria química, competitividad, I&D.
Deuda externa y sostenibilidad social en América Latina
Authors: Guarnizo-Useche Tatiana , Pérez-Fuentes Dewin
Published: October 2021

Durante los últimos años, distintos estudiosos han considerado que el tema dé la deuda externa no constituye ya un problema para América Latina, en la medida en que la mayoría de sus países ha cumplido regularmente con sus obligaciones internacionales tras haber superado el episodio de la crisis de los 80, situación que estaría demostrando su sostenibilidad financiera. Sin embargo, a las luz de los pocos resultados alcanzados por la Iniciativa Heavily Indebted Poor Couniries -Hipc-, así como de las dificultades que enfrenta el conjunto de la región para cumplir con el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, surge la necesidad de valorar la sostenibilidad del endeudamiento externo latinoamericano en términos sociales, objetivo que sirve de inspiración para el desarrollo de la investigación que dio origen al presente artículo.Palabras Clave: Deuda Externa, Sostenibilidad Social, Sostenibilidad Financiera.
Aprendizaje y evolución en teoría del equilibrio
Authors: García-Morales Alfredo
Published: October 2021

Entendemos por equilibrio o convención un patrón de comportamiento que es esperado y que se ratifica por sí solo. Es decir, todos los agentes se conforman con el equilibrio, todos esperan que los otros se conformen con ese equilibrio y todos se conforman con el equilibrio, dado que los otros lo hacen. En nuestra vida cotidiana tenemos diversos ejemplos, manejar del lado derecho de la calle cuando otros 10 hacen, aceptar papel moneda si otros lo hacen, ser poco corteses en el cond ucir cuando otros también 10 son etc
Análisis de las circunstancias que sirvieron de marco a la transición de los modelos de política económica en Colombia
Authors: Fernández-Guerrero Martha
Published: October 2021

Permitido el establecimiento de un nuevo orden económico internacional, ha establecido una interdependencia que ha forzado al mundo a replantear sus paradigmas económicos.En realidad, la recomposición de las relaciones de poder originó crisis en aquellas economías periféricas que, como la Colombiana, no salieron bien libradas en todo el proceso aeciente de acumulación de capitales que generó dicha situación.
La participación ciudadana "Hacia una nueva cultura"
Authors: Briceño Juan , Pinedo Orlando
Published: October 2021

A partir de la década de los ochenta, el estado colombiano adoptó una serie de medidas para su descentralización administrativa, fiscal y política; tendientes a superar los conflictos generados en los niveles regional y municipal por causa de una virtual pérdida de dinámica del sistema político que mostraba cierto letrago.
La Zona de Integración Hemisférica y MERCOSUR: Un caso para analizar con rigor
Authors: Quejada-Pérez Raúl
Published: October 2021

La evolución dinámica de los mercados externos y sus exigencias actuales requieren la implementación de estrategias orientadas a materializar procesos de integración en el ámbito internacional, cuyo propósito básico debe favorecer las actividades productivas de bienes y servicios con posibilidades futuras de exportación. La obtención de mejores resultados se reflejará en aquellos sectores y actividades dispuestos a enfrentar los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos, competitivos y de globalización presentes en el escenario internacional vigente.La estrategia integracionista en los países de América Latina y el Caribe, se convierte en un marco ineludible para responder a las nuevas circunstancias del entorno mundial; es por ello, que los diversos acuerdos de integración avanzan hacia facetas más evolucionadas del comercio preferencial y además se gestan nuevos pactos con claras connotaciones de regionalismo abierto apuntando a un bloque hemisférico proyectado al próximo milenio.
Salud para todos los colombianos en el año 2020
Authors: Bermúdez-Carvajal Indira Paola
Published: October 2021

Para el año 2020 tendremos todos los colombianos acceso a los servicios de salud a través del sistema de seguridad social en salud que tendrá un papel importante en aras de motivar a los prestadores a brindar un servicio de óptima calidad y dentro de un marco regulador llamado ética.
Las telecomunicaciones en Venezuela: El caso de internet y los nuevos mapas de consumo
Authors: Pineda- De Alcazár Migdalia
Published: October 2021

El desarrollo de las telecomunicaciones en el mundo ha alcanzado niveles que eran impensables hasta hace sólo una década, los países en desarrollo no han escapado del impacto de los cambios ocurridos en este sector que ha adquirido fuertes rasgos de globalización en los últimos años.Teniendo presente esa realidad, este trabajo plantea en una primera parte, el estado actual de las telecomunicaciones venezolanas y especialmente de los servicios de valor agregado que mayor demanda han tenido en el país: telefonía celular, televisión por suscripción y conexiones a Internet, para lo cual se realiza una caracterización que explica desde el contexto venezolano el porqué de su crecimiento y aceptación.
¿Hasta donde va la ciudad? Apuntes para la construcción de ciudadanía en Barranquilla
Authors: Flóres-Prieto Pamela
Published: October 2021

Las investigaciones de las dos últimas décadas tendientes a esclarecer la problemática de los procesos urbanos han abordado la ciudad desde una nueva perspectiva que intenta aprehender el fenómeno desde las construcciones simbólicas originadas en el imaginario colectivo de sus habitantes.
La concepción del periodista sobre el género entrevista
Authors: Arrieta-Pérez René
Published: October 2021

Podemos empezar diciendo que el primer gran angular del periodista es su concepción creativa, cuando se enfrenta al género periodístico y literario conocido como la entrevista.La creatividad es el arco tenso de este cazador perspicaz. Cazador de asombros y de luces. Es este cazador quien hace figurar las ideas de su entrevistado. Es este mismo cazador quien pauta para trazar caminos conceptuales. Es el contrapunto además, de una sinfonía preparada y 'concertada o improvisada. Es el periodista ese ser que a vuelo de halcón estudia la geografía de su presa. El periodista y el entrevistado establecen una relación de víctima y victimario, alguna de las veces. O a veces se toman dos animales feroces enfrentados.
The Impact of Innovative Marketing on the Organization's Reputation by Mediating the Brand _ Field Research in the Oil Marketing Company (SOMO)
Authors: Jawad Aya Shaheen , Jatheer Saadoun Hammoud
Published: October 2021

The research aims to verify that there is an influence between innovative marketing and the organization's reputation by brand mediation.

The research problem is that the Oil Marketing Company (SOMO) needs innovative, unconventional methods in marketing its products and improving its reputation by adopting a solid brand that adds value to the product.

The importance of the research: The importance of the research is highlighted as it deals with essential variables in business organizations that help increase customer loyalty by adopting a distinctive brand.

The research started from four main hypotheses to explore correlations and influence between research variables.

The answers of the research sample, which included (221) male and female employees of the Oil Marketing Company (SOMO), were analyzed.

Data and information were collected using the questionnaire, personal interviews, as well as the field presence of the researcher, and the data were analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS v.24, AMOS v.23) and a set of statistical methods such as factor analysis, the arithmetic mean, and the standard deviation, Coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient (person), simple linear regression equation, and Soble's test.

The study sample members agreed in their answers with a good evaluation level about the innovation marketing variable, especially product innovation and pricing innovation, which explains this result that the SOMO oil company management seeks to adopt multiple marketing methods to increase its oil sales at the local and global levels
Human Resource Management and its Impact on the Level of Job Performance: An Analytical Research in the Iraqi Ministry of Interior
Authors: Mamdooh Salah Naser , Salman Saadoon Muhsin
Published: October 2021

The current research aims to highlight the role of human resource management with its practices (human resource planning, selection and placement, training and development, performance evaluation, compensation, and incentives) in raising the level of individuals' performance and its dimensions (task performance, contextual performance, unproductive work behavior, and adaptive performance) by explaining the research problem, which can be limited to the low level of performance of individuals, where the researchers use the descriptive analytical approach and the SPSS program in the practical aspect of the research community represented by the general manager and his assistant and directors of directorates, departments and divisions in the General Directorate of Human Resources Management, amounting to 180 individuals, where a sample of 130 individuals was selected. The researchers use the questionnaire and the method of personal interviews for collecting data from the research community. The most prominent statistical methods were used (ratios and frequencies, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis). The researchers reached a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which was to continue to adopt work force dependent on university qualifications with accreditation holders of higher university degrees in the specialization of management and human resources and the most important result is that most of the managers are of the male gender and have both higher and primary university qualifications. It is presented at the end of the research
The Importance of Liquidity and Profitability in Enhancing the Banking Value in Private Banks for the Period 2016 - 2019
Authors: Wadi Mohamed Hassan , Dhaireb Mohamed Samir
Published: October 2021

The article aims to study the liquidity that is required to be provided optimally and the profitability that is required to be achieved by the bank, and the impact of both of them on the value of the bank, and their effect of both liquidity and profitability on the value of the bank. Hence, the research problem emerged, which indicates the extent of the effect of liquidity and profitability on the value of the bank. The importance of the research stems from the main role that commercial banks play in the economy of a country. This requires the need to identify liquidity in a broad way and its most important components, and how to measure it. For the purpose of avoiding liquidity risks, liquidity should be managed by urging the bank to adopt good liquidity management and to achieve the profits that the bank wants to achieve by employing the liquidity available to it. It represents an important factor for increasing profits and increasing the confidence of shareholders and depositors; thus, maximizing the wealth of shareholders and the bank's wealth and, hence, raising the bank value. Consequently, this article is based on a main hypothesis that "there is no effect of profitable and liquidity on the bank value". This in turn is divided into two sub-hypotheses as follows:

H1.  There is no effect of quick liquidity on the bank value.

H2. There is no effect of the return on deposits on the bank value

 In order to achieve the objectives and hypotheses of the study, the mathematical indicators were studied and analyzed to find the relationship between the variables and the effect according to statistical methods, where the research used the a simple regression statistical method, Is used by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), and the quantitative measures, which included such indicators as the quick liquidity indicators to measure liquidity, the return on deposits to measure profitability, and Tobin's Q bank value measurement. The research sample consisted of four private banks (Middle East Bank, Gulf Bank, Al-Ahli Bank and Bank of Baghdad) for the period from 2016 to 2019. The most important conclusions reached by the research were the lack of effect of both the liquidity and profitability on the value of the bank. The research gave a number of recommendations, the most important of which is to urge banks to reduce the excess liquidity ratios and exploit them in different investment fields, as well as to go towards resources that achieve higher profitability rates than others that are characterized by their low cost. The research also recommended not to keep excess liquidity ratios at a high rate because of their effect on the profitability that the bank seeks to achieve
Aggregate accounting information and its impact on management decision-making ( Case Study )
Authors: Kdeear Ahmed Yhia , Halim Safwan Qusay Abdel
Published: October 2021

The main aim of this paper is to explain the effect of the aggregation accounting information on the financial, investment, and operational, managerial decision-making and the evaluation of the financial statements after aggregate. The problem of this study is represented in administrative decision-making that takes place under differentiated accounting systems operating within a governmental economic unit that seeks at the same time to achieve a unified vision and goals for the organization. This study was conducted at the College of Administration and Economics /University of Baghdad, and it represents a sample from a community of governmental economic units that apply differentiated accounting systems. The study method is represented by adopting the descriptive approach in showing the effect of aggregate accounting information on making and making administrative decisions based on scientific and rational methods. The study concluded the most important conclusions, which is that when aggregate the accounting information, the qualitative characteristics of the accounting information change and become more beneficial to the decision-maker, and a change occurs in the direction of the administrative decision inside and outside the governmental economic unit
The Directions and Names of the Winds: [Aristotle], Ventorum situs et nomina
Authors: Bowen Alan C.
Published: October 2021

The anonymous text Ventorum situs et nomina, once held to be by Aristotle himself, gives the local names of 10 topic winds as well as their directions. It is not an elaboration of the wind-rose that Aristotle, for example, describes in Meteor. 2.5, though many scholars have assumed this, but a presentation of a weather-map for the inhabited world (οἰκουμένη). What seems to be important to the author in collecting the local winds under the topic winds is not so much their direction as their time of year as well as the etymologies of the local names.Published Online (2021-04-30)Copyright © 2021 by Alan C. Bowen
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37571/28590
Corresponding Author: Alan C. Bowen, Institute for Research in Classical Philosophy and ScienceE-Mail: bowen@IRCPS.org
Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi ve Ticari Açıklığın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: GÜZEL İhsan , OLUÇ İhsan
Published: October 2021

İktisat yazınında enerji tüketimi ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen çalışmalara bakıldığında sonuç itibariyle değişkenlik gösterdiği görülmektedir. Çalışmaların birbirinden bu denli farklı sonuçlar vermesinin pek çok sebebi olmakla birlikte, ticari açıklık gibi bazı önemli değişkenlerin modele dahil edilmemesi başta gelen sebeplerden bir tanesi olarak görülmektedir. Ticaret değişkeninin yanı sıra yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi de enerji literatüründe giderek popüler hale gelen bir değişken olmaya başlamıştır. Fosil bazlı yenilenemez enerji kaynaklarının dünya üzerinde eşit dağılmaması ve bu kaynakların tükenmeye başlaması başta gelen sebeplerdendir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve ticari açıklığın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini Türkiye örneği için incelemektir. Bu amaçla 1970-2018 dönemi için yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, ekonomik büyüme, sermaye stoku, işgücü ve ticari açıklık değişkenleri kullanılmıştır. ARDL sınır testi ile yapılan analizlere göre kullanılan değişkenler arasında eş bütünleşme ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Uzun dönem katsayı tahmin sonuçları incelendiğinde ise yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin ekonomik büyümeyi negatif etkilediği, ticari açıklık, sabit sermaye stoku ve iş gücü değişkenlerinin ise ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular değerlendirilirken, yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarının büyük ölçekli yatırımlar olduğu göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu bilgiler ışığında yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin, Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan bir ülke için ekonomik büyümeyi negatif yönde etkilemesi beklenti ile örtüşmektedir.
A DIFFICULT PAKIHI -WASTELAND OR FARMS?
Authors: During C. , Roza R.Da , Martin D.
Published: October 2021

THE ADDISON SOIL at Bald Hill consists of a top layer high in coarse roots, which when dry is light and porous. It will be called the sponge layer. It is of variable thickness (0 to 6 in.) and its boundary with the underlying denser, rather structureless soil is not well defined. This underlying layer is by no means without roots, but often it is drier than either the sponge above or the grit layer below. For the sake of brevity it will be called the pug layer. The grit layer consists of humus-stained quartz grit overlying deeply cemented boulders. .The whole soil - sponge, pug and grit -is 10 in. to 2 ft deep.
UMA PR�TICA DE AVALIA��O INSTITUINTE NO COTIDIANO ESCOLAR
Authors: Lacerda Mitsi Pinheiro de
Published: October 2021

Tomando a avalia��o enquanto tema, o presente estudo delimita uma pr�tica n�o institucional enquanto problema de pesquisa � os �vistos� concedidos por professores (as) aos estudantes, ap�s a consecu��o de atividades escolares. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma escola p�blica, e foram entrevistados professores, estudantes e seus familiares desde uma pauta que objetivou conhecer os diferentes consumos destinados a estes �vistos�. A pr�tica de confer�ncia das atividades escolares, conhecida como �visto� atribu�do aos cadernos, atravessa e se incorpora �s rela��es sociais que ocorrem em pr�ticas de ensino e aprendizagem, afetando ainda as rela��es entre fam�lia e escola. Dialogando com as proposi��es de Michel de Certeau, foi observado que se trata de pr�tica cotidiana amplamente utilizada, e cujas diferencia��es s�o postas ao consumo, uma vez que seu uso n�o refletido favorece o improviso, intensifica a centralidade do poder e inscreve o desejo pelo conhecimento em um status de baixa intensidade. Junte-se a isto, o fato de os �vistos� incrementarem a disciplinariza��o dos corpos, interferirem diretamente junto ao rendimento e certifica��o escolar, al�m de fortalecerem concep��es j� refutadas, provenientes de l�gicas comportamentais. O artigo aponta para a relev�ncia dos estudos em cotidiano escolar, aproximando-se de pr�ticas ainda pouco conhecidas.