bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous identification of material and geometry parameters in view of structured specimen
Authors: Wulf Hans , Schellenberg Dirk , Ihlemann Jörn
Published: December 2012

A variety of tools for the identification of material parameters from inhomogeneous experiments already exist. These either use an FE solver as a subroutine or are directly integrated into an FE program. Thereby, it is usually assumed that the material parameters are constant among the whole specimen. This condition is not met when considering structured specimen which arise when investigating biological tissue or work pieces produced by massive forming, for instance. Here, the considered domain consists of different material types or areas with different material parameters. These are modeled by using multiple material domains. Frequently, the exact shape of the material domains is unknown and must identified as well. Both aspects, shape of the material domains and material parameters, influence the behaviour of the specimen considerably. Therefore, a separate identification yields poor results. In this paper an algorithm for the combined identification of material and geometrical properties is presented. In addition, the application on an academic example with two material domains using a simple porous media material model is demonstrated. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computing roots for the modelling of waves in acoustic waveguides
Authors: Walther Andrea , Bause Fabian , Henning Bernd
Published: December 2012

Computer aided simulation of guided acoustic waves in single‐ or multilayered waveguides is an essential tool for several applications of acoustics and ultrasonics (i.e. pipe inspection, noise reduction). To simulate wave propagation in geometrically simple waveguides (plates or rods), one may employ the analytical Global Matrix Method [3]. This requires the computation of all roots of the determinate of a certain submatrix. The evaluation of all real or even complex roots is actually the methods most concerning restriction. Previous approaches based on so called mode‐tracers which use the physical phenomenon that solutions (roots) appear in a certain pattern (waveguide modes) and thus use known solutions to limit the root finding algorithms search space with respect to consecutive solutions. As the limitation of the search space might be unstable in some cases, we propose to replace the mode‐tracer with a suitable version of an interval Newton method based on INTLAB [4]. To apply this interval based method, we extended the interval and derivative computation provided by INTLAB such that corresponding information is also available for Bessel functions used in the circular model (rods) of acoustic waveguides. We present numerical results of a simple acoustic waveguide and discuss extensions required for more realistic scenarios. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parallel Simulation of Biological Soft Tissue
Authors: Fischle Andreas , Klawonn Axel , Rheinbach Oliver , Schröder Jörg
Published: December 2012

Numerical results of nonlinear parallel simulations of soft biological tissue are shown using the FETI‐DP method. An hyperelastic model is considered which incorporates almost incompressibility as well as anisotropy. An arterial geometry reconstructed from ultrasound data is used. Numerical scalability is shown using up to 4096 cores of a Cray XT6. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Similarity of Indefinite Sturm‐Liouville Operators
Authors: Möws Roland
Published: December 2012

In this note we give sufficient conditions for the coefficients of a singular Sturm‐Liouville operator on ℝ with an indefinite weight function such that the operator is similar to a self‐adjoint operator in the Hilbert space L2(ℝ). (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of Beals spaces
Authors: Micheler Till
Published: December 2012

In the last decade a class of spaces introduced by Richard Beals in 1965 was frequently used as “natural” domains of symmetric properly elliptic differential operators in extension theory methods in Hilbert spaces. In the present note we use some fundamental results from Lions and Magenes to show that the so‐called Beals spaces coincide with usual Sobolev spaces endowed with the graph norm of a properly elliptic differential operator. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Drude‐Born‐Fedorov Model for Chiral Electromagnetic Media
Authors: Picard Rainer , Freymond Henrik
Published: December 2012

Electro‐magnetic wave propagation in more complex linear materials such as bi‐anisotropic media have come to a considerable attention within the last fifteen to twenty years. The Drude‐Born‐Fedorov model has been extensively studied mostly in the time‐harmonic case as a model for chiral media. In the physically relevant time‐dependent case the record is much less convincing. In this paper we focus on this case and analyze the Drude‐Born‐Fedorov model in the light of recently developed Hilbert space approach to evolutionary problems. The solution theory will be developed in the framework of extrapolation spaces (Sobolev lattices). (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Topology synthesis of large‐displacement compliant mechanisms with specific output motion paths
Authors: Dirksen Frank , Berg Thomas , Lammering Rolf , Zohdi Tarek I.
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the synthesis of large‐displacement compliant mechanisms (CM) with specific output motion paths. For this purpose, a robust and efficient staggered topology optimization scheme, based on the optimality criteria (OC) method and the globally convergent method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA), is proposed, described and implemented to maximize the output motion of the design CM for a user‐specified motion path. Nonlinear geometric effects are taken into account to ensure proper modelling of large displacements occurring in CM. Different setups of a vector‐based formulation are described and benchmarked. Numerical results for a gripping mechanism model problem show that the presented approach generates path‐following compliant mechanisms in an efficient and systematic manner. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global sensitivity analysis for the efficient solution of optimization problem in design process
Authors: Reuter Uwe , Mehmood Zeeshan , Liebscher Martin
Published: December 2012

Application of the methods of global sensitivity analysis in design process arises due to the complexity associated with structural optimization, e. g., in the automobile industry for an optimal vehicle structure for crash load cases. Usually, thousands of variants are considered for a vehicle design project and each variant represents a combination of a number of model parameters. The computation time for a single variant ranges from several hours to days. To reduce the complexity of the optimization problem, the significant parameters should be identified but possibly with a very few sample points. Since most of the available global sensitivity methods require a good approximation of the model response, a relatively large number of sample points is usually required for the surrogate model. In this contribution, an overview of state‐of‐the‐art methods of global sensitivity analysis is given and an alternative idea is proposed to avoid full approximation of the model response. Instead, only the approximation of the level sets of the model response is used to derive sensitivity measures. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A rate independent polycrystal model and a specific application for asymmetrically rolled aluminium sheets
Authors: Alves de Sousa Ricardo
Published: December 2012

The asymmetric rolling process differs from conventional rolling through the use of different roll circumferential velocities or diameters. Using proper parameters, asymmetric rolling imposes intense shear deformations across the sheet thickness, leading not only to the occurrence of shear texture, but also to grain refinement [1]. In fact, some shear texture components are known to improve plastic strain ratio values, and thus formability.

In this work, the rate‐independent polycrystal model of Gambin [2] was efficiently implemented and applied to predict the mechanical response of distinct texture components that appear after asymmetrical rolling. For FCC materials, this polycrystal plasticity model avoids the uniqueness issue related to the choice of the set of active slip systems by applying a regularized Schmid Law. Consequently, it generates yield surfaces with smooth corners where the normal vector is always uniquely defined. Also, it doesn't require the arbitrarily defined reference strain rate commonly used in the viscous‐approximation of rate‐dependent models.

For validation purposes, a 1050‐O sheet was subjected to tensile and shear tests. The model could accurately simulate the measured results. In the end, ideal textures components were simulated and their mechanical response was evaluated. Hence, it is stated a solid basis to justify the improvement of sheet's mechanical properties after asymmetrical rolling when compared to conventional rolling. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Particle hydrodynamics based on maximum entropy approximation
Authors: Hartmann Dirk
Published: December 2012

In this contribution, we propose a new particle based scheme for computational hydrodynamics. In contrast to existing particle based approaches, we use a maximum entropy approximation scheme to construct corresponding shape functions. These allow first order consistency as well as an efficient realisation of essential boundary conditions. The scheme is relative simple from an algorithmic point of view and computations can be efficiently accelerated using graphic processing units. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
LRIG1 regulates cadherin‐dependent contact inhibition directing epithelial homeostasis and pre‐invasive squamous cell carcinoma development
Authors: Lu Liwen , Teixeira Vitor H , Yuan ZhengQiang , Graham Trevor A , Endesfelder David , Kolluri Krishna , Al‐Juffali Noura , Hamilton Nicholas , Nicholson Andrew G , Falzon Mary , Kschischo Maik , Swanton Charles , Wright Nicholas A , Carroll Bernadette , Watt Fiona M , George Jeremy P , Jensen Kim B , Giangreco Adam , Janes Sam M
Published: December 2012

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway activation is a frequent event in human carcinomas. Mutations in EGFR itself are, however, rare, and the mechanisms regulating EGFR activation remain elusive. Leucine‐rich immunoglobulin repeats‐1 (LRIG1), an inhibitor of EGFR activity, is one of four genes identified that predict patient survival across solid tumour types including breast, lung, melanoma, glioma, and bladder. We show that deletion of Lrig1 is sufficient to promote murine airway hyperplasia through loss of contact inhibition and that re‐expression of LRIG1 in human lung cancer cells inhibits tumourigenesis. LRIG1 regulation of contact inhibition occurs via ternary complex formation with EGFR and E‐cadherin with downstream modulation of EGFR activity. We find that LRIG1 LOH is frequent across cancers and its loss is an early event in the development of human squamous carcinomas. Our findings imply that the early stages of squamous carcinoma development are driven by a change in amplitude of EGFR signalling governed by the loss of contact inhibition.

© 2012 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
An α‐E‐catenin (CTNNA1) mutation in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
Authors: Majewski Ian J , Kluijt Irma , Cats Annemieke , Scerri Thomas S , de Jong Daphne , Kluin Roelof JC , Hansford Samantha , Hogervorst Frans BL , Bosma Astrid J , Hofland Ingrid , Winter Marcel , Huntsman David , Jonkers Jos , Bahlo Melanie , Bernards René
Published: December 2012

Diffuse gastric cancers typically present as late‐stage tumours and, as a result, the 5 year survival rate is poor. Some gastric cancers are hereditary and these tend to be of the diffuse type; 30–40% of hereditary diffuse gastric cancers (HDGCs) can be explained by defective germline alleles of E‐cadherin (CDH1), but for the remaining families the factors driving susceptibility remain unknown. We had access to a large HDGC pedigree with no obvious mutation in CDH1, and applied exome sequencing to identify new genes involved in gastric cancer. We identified a germline truncating allele of α‐E‐catenin (CTNNA1) that was present in two family members with invasive diffuse gastric cancer and four in which intramucosal signet ring cells were detected as part of endoscopic surveillance. The remaining CTNNA1 allele was silenced in the two diffuse gastric cancers from the family that were available for screening, and this was also true for signet ring cells identified in endoscopic biopsies. Since α‐E‐catenin functions in the same complex as E‐cadherin, our results call attention to the broader signalling network surrounding these proteins in HDGC. We also detected somatic mutations in one tumour and found substantial overlap with genes mutated in sporadic gastric cancer, including PIK3CA, ARID1A, MED12 and MED23.
Exploring the potential prognostic effect of various country‐specific health service data on all‐cause mortality using data from a large prospective study in schizophrenia
Authors: Mittoux Aurélia , Tanghøj Per , Moore Nicholas
Published: December 2012

Purpose

To explore whether the presence of specific health services impact the time to death in schizophrenia.

Methods

Cox's proportional hazard model was used to assess the effect of country‐specific health care variables (total health care expenditure, public health care expenditure, number of hospital beds, number of physicians, and World Health Organization ranking) on time to death in schizophrenia patients from a large multinational study. Baseline patient characteristics (history of suicide attempts and monotherapy or polytherapy at the time of study entry) were also included in the model.

Results

The number of physicians per 10,000 persons was the only health service variable associated with time to death. Each increase of one physician increased the hazard of dying by approximately 2% (95%CI, from 0.1 to 4.1%; p = 0.044) in Europe, whereas in Asia, it seemed to decrease the hazard of dying by approximately 3.6% (95%CI, from 9.9% decrease to 3% increase; p = 0.28). The effect of region as a function of the number of physicians indicated a turning point at 23 physicians per 10,000 persons: With fewer than 23 physicians per 10,000 persons, the risk of death was higher in Asia than that in Europe (hazard ratio > 1), whereas with more than 23 physicians per 10,000 persons, it was lower in Asia than that in Europe (hazard ratio < 1).

Conclusions

Some health services may have a significant prognostic effect on time to death in patients treated for schizophrenia, especially in Europe. The reasons for this need to be identified. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of functionalized nanosilica on the mechanical, dynamic‐mechanical, and morphological performance of polycarbonate/nanosilica nanocomposites
Authors: Biswal Manoranjan , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K. , Kumar P. Sudheesh
Published: December 2012

Polycarbonate (PC)/nanosilica (nSiO2) nanocomposites were prepared by melt‐blending technique, in which surfactants are used to enhance the interfacial adhesion between nSiO2 and polymer matrix. Mechanical properties demonstrate increased Young's modulus and yield strength of modified PC/nSiO2 nanocomposites when compared with PC. Increased compatibility further indicates an effective increase in thermal stability as observed from thermogravimetric analysis. Dynamic mechanical analysis point out a reduction in Tg value with increased storage modulus. The flammability characteristics of PC/nSiO2 nanocomposites were evaluated using limiting oxygen index, whereas the morphological properties are characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Theoretical investigations of pyridine derivatives as potential high energy density materials
Authors: Zhao Guozheng , Lu Ming
Published: December 2012

Density function theory has been employed to study pyridine derivatives at the B3LYP/6‐31 G(d,p) and B3P86/6‐31 G(d,p) levels. The crystal structures were obtained by molecular mechanics methods. The heats of formation (HOFs) were predicted based on the isodesmic reactions. Detonation performance was evaluated by using the Kamlet–Jacobs equations based on the calculated densities and HOFs. The thermal stability of the title compounds was investigated by the bond dissociation energies and the energy gaps (ΔELUMO−HOMO) predicted. It is found that there are good linear relationships between detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and the number of nitro group. The simulation results reveal that molecule G performs similar to the famous explosive HMX and molecule D outperforms HMX. According to the quantitative standard of energetics and stability as high energy density materials, molecule D essentially satisfies this requirement. These results provide basic information for molecular design of novel high energetic density materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working memory training in survivors of pediatric cancer: a randomized pilot study
Authors: Hardy Kristina K. , Willard Victoria W. , Allen Taryn M. , Bonner Melanie J.
Published: December 2012

Objectives

Survivors of pediatric brain tumors and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased risk for neurocognitive deficits, but few empirically supported treatment options exist. We examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home‐based, computerized working memory training program, CogmedRM, with survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods

Survivors of brain tumors or ALL (n = 20) with identified deficits in attention and/or working memory were randomized to either the success‐adapted computer intervention or a non‐adaptive, active control condition. Specifically, children in the adaptive condition completed exercises that became more challenging with each correct trial, whereas those in the non‐adaptive version trained with exercises that never increased in difficulty. All participants were asked to complete 25 training sessions at home, with weekly, phone‐based coaching support. Brief assessments were completed pre‐intervention and post‐intervention; outcome measures included both performance‐based and parent‐report measures of working memory and attention.

Results

Eighty‐five percent of survivors were compliant with the intervention, with no adverse events reported. After controlling for baseline intellectual functioning, survivors who completed the intervention program evidenced significant post‐training improvements in their visual working memory and in parent‐rated learning problems compared with those in the active control group. No differences in verbal working memory functioning were evident between groups, however.

Conclusions

Home‐based, computerized cognitive training demonstrates good feasibility and acceptability in our sample. Children with higher intellectual functioning at baseline appeared to benefit more from the training, although further study is needed to clarify the strength, scope, and particularly the generalizability of potential treatment effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Levels of distress in breast cancer survivors approaching discharge from routine hospital follow‐up
Authors: Thompson Joanne , Coleman Rob , Colwell Brigitte , Freeman Jenny , Greenfield Diana , Holmes Karen , Mathers Nigel , Reed Malcolm
Published: December 2012

Background

Hospital‐based breast cancer follow‐up provides reassurance to patients despite limited evidence for clinical efficacy. Although alternative models of hospital/community‐based follow‐up have yielded encouraging results, traditional hospital follow‐up continues to be offered to all patients. Survival rates continue to rise; consequently, more patients are likely to require support, as many have a limited understanding of the long‐term physical and emotional consequences of cancer and its treatment. We examine levels of psychological distress in breast cancer patients in follow‐up 2 years or more from diagnosis.

Methods

This prospective study measured psychological distress levels using standardized measures [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Clinical Outcomes for Routine Evaluation (CORE) and Measure Yourself Medical Outcomes Profile (MYMOP)]. Between January and September 2008, 323 consecutive patients were approached in outpatient clinics. Ninety‐six patients declined to participate.

Results

Two hundred twenty‐seven patients took home patient information sheets; 172 (75%) returned completed questionnaires to assess levels of distress (HADS, CORE). MYMOP provided self‐reported data on patient symptoms. Patients reported low levels of distress in hospital‐based follow‐up, which were comparable or better than general population norms, although there was a significant minority of patients reporting high scores (n = 27, 15.7%) on HADS or CORE. There was good agreement between these two measures. All sub‐scales of CORE (except risk) correlated well with HADS for anxiety/depression. No significant changes were detected in the standardized measures. MYMOP results showed that 23.8% of respondents reported both physical and emotional symptoms.

Conclusions

Breast cancer survivors reported good psychological outcomes 2 years on from diagnosis. Screening for psychological/emotional distress is a vital part of follow‐up care, which should be incorporated into UK policy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent Plasmonic Nanowire Electrodes via Self‐Organised Ion Beam Nanopatterning
Authors: Chiappe Daniele , Toma Andrea , de Mongeot Francesco Buatier
Published: December 2012

A self‐organised approach for the synthesis of transparent metal nanowire arrays is based on defocused ion beam sputtering. The nanowire arrays, supported on low‐cost dielectric substrates (glass slides), feature a dual functionality: they exhibit anisotropic conductivity, with sheet resistances which are reduced in comparison to those of transparent conductive oxides, and additionally they support localised plasmon resonances. The latter represents an attractive feature in view of plasmon enhanced photon harvesting applications, in which the nanostructured metal electrodes are employed as an alternative to conventional transparent conductive oxides.
Concise Review: The Relevance of Human Stem Cell-Derived Organoid Models for Epithelial Translational Medicine
Authors: Hynds Robert E. , Giangreco Adam
Published: December 2012

Epithelial organ remodeling is a major contributing factor to worldwide death and disease, costing healthcare systems billions of dollars every year. Despite this, most fundamental epithelial organ research fails to produce new therapies and mortality rates for epithelial organ diseases remain unacceptably high. In large part, this failure in translating basic epithelial research into clinical therapy is due to a lack of relevance in existing preclinical models. To correct this, new models are required that improve preclinical target identification, pharmacological lead validation, and compound optimization. In this review, we discuss the relevance of human stem cell-derived, three-dimensional organoid models for addressing each of these challenges. We highlight the advantages of stem cell-derived organoid models over existing culture systems, discuss recent advances in epithelial tissue-specific organoids, and present a paradigm for using organoid models in human translational medicine.
Evaluation of changes in power wheelchair maneuver induced by a downhill turning prevention control on cross sloped surfaces
Authors: Suzurikawa Jun , Kinoshita Takafumi , Inoue Takenobu , Kamo Mitsuhiro , Iida Norikazu , Iwata Kakuya , Matsumoto Osamu
Published: December 2012

In order to improve direction stability of a power wheelchair on a cross‐sloped surface, a downhill turning prevention control (DTPC) has been developed by some researchers and wheelchair suppliers. The DTPC‐induced effect on wheelchair maneuver, however, has not been well clarified. In this study, we quantitatively assessed DTPC‐induced changes in joystick control strategies during a driving task on a cross‐sloped test course. Among several evaluation measures calculated from the joystick inputs during the test trials, the x‐axis joystick displacement amount was found to be significantly decreased by the DTPC. This result suggests that the DTPC can save wheelchair users from the burden of compensation control on cross‐sloped surfaces. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Recursive QR packet combining for uplink single‐carrier multi‐user MIMO HARQ using near ML detection
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuya , Adachi Koichi , Sun Sumei , Adachi Fumiyuki
Published: December 2012

QR decomposition‐based near maximum likelihood block detection significantly improves the transmission performance of uplink single‐carrier (SC) multi‐user multiple‐input multiple‐output (MU‐MIMO). Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is an indispensable error control technique for high‐quality packet data transmission. The achievable diversity gain of HARQ depends on the packet combining strategy. In uplink MU‐MIMO HARQ, the received signal may consist of new packets and retransmitted packets as retransmission for each user acts independently. In this paper, a recursive QR packet combining scheme suitable for uplink SC MU‐MIMO HARQ is proposed, which takes into account the number of retransmissions for each user in the detection order. The computational complexity and required storage size can be significantly reduced by the proposed scheme. Moreover, it improves the packet error rate performance and throughput performance significantly over the conventional bit‐level log likelihood ratio packet combining, as shown by our computer simulation results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and Characterization of Samarium and Erbium Borohydrido Complexes Supported by N‐Aryliminopyrrole Ligand
Authors: Naktode Kishor , Kottalanka Ravi K. , Panda Tarun K.
Published: December 2012

Reaction of potassium salt of N‐aryliminopyrrole ligand [2‐(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3N=CH)–C4H3NK] (1) with samarium tris‐boro‐hydride [Sm(BH4)3(THF)3] gave a samarium ate complex [η2‐{2‐(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3N=CH)–C4H3N}3Sm(η1‐BH4){K(THF)6] (2); whereas similar treatment with erbium borohydride [Er(BH4)3(THF)3] afforded the mono(iminopyrrolyl) complex [η2‐{2‐(2, 6‐iPr2C6H3N=CH)–C4H3N}Er(η3‐BH4)2(THF)2] (3). In the solid‐state structures, the samarium complex 2 shows a rarely observed η1 and the erbium complex 3 shows a usual η3 coordination mode of the borohydrido ligand.
Next-to-leading order predictions for Zγ + jet and Zγγ final states at the LHC
Authors: Campbell John M. , Hartanto Heribertus B. , Williams Ciaran
Published: December 2012

Abstract

We present next-to-leading order predictions for final states containing leptons produced through the decay of a Z boson in association with either a photon and a jet, or a pair of photons. The effect of photon radiation from the final state leptons is included and we also allow for contributions arising from fragmentation processes. Phenomenological studies are presented for the LHC in the case of final states containing charged leptons and in the case of neutrinos. We also use the procedure introduced by Stewart and Tackmann to provide a reliable estimate of the scale uncertainty inherent in our theoretical calculations of jet-binned Zγ cross sections. These computations have been implemented in the public code MCFM.
Formal verification of security protocol implementations: a survey
Authors: Avalle Matteo , Pironti Alfredo , Sisto Riccardo
Published: December 2012

Automated formal verification of security protocols has been mostly focused on analyzing high-level abstract models which, however, are significantly different from real protocol implementations written in programming languages. Recently, some researchers have started investigating techniques that bring automated formal proofs closer to real implementations. This paper surveys these attempts, focusing on approaches that target the application code that implements protocol logic, rather than the libraries that implement cryptography. According to these approaches, libraries are assumed to correctly implement some models. The aim is to derive formal proofs that, under this assumption, give assurance about the application code that implements the protocol logic. The two main approaches of model extraction and code generation are presented, along with the main techniques adopted for each approach.
Accumulation of selected phenolics and expression of PAL genes in carrots differing in their susceptibility to carrot fly (Psila rosae F.)
Authors: Simlat Magdalena , Stobiecki Maciej , Szklarczyk Marek
Published: December 2012

Three research problems were addressed in this work: an extent of root damage caused by carrot fly (Psila rosae) in a collection of carrot breeding accessions as well as correlation between resistance to this pest and accumulation of certain phenolics and mRNAs of the genes coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Differences in susceptibility between the studied accessions were statistically significant. The most resistant were lines 7262A and DC 96367. Moreover, no correlation was observed between accumulation of the specific metabolites and the extent of the root damage. However, proportion of certain phenolics exhibited positive correlation with the resistant phenotype. This was shown for the ratios of luteolin 7-O-glucoside to kaempferol 3-O-glucoside and methyluteolin 7-O-glucoside to kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. Susceptibility of roots to larval damage also correlated with semi-quantitatively estimated accumulation of PAL1 and PAL3 mRNAs in leaves. Both PAL genes were expressed at the highest level in line DC 96367 and less strongly in line 7262A. Distinctly lower accumulation of the PAL transcripts was observed for the susceptible varieties: Dolanka and Karotan.
Optimally Locating Additional Drill Holes in Three Dimensions Using Grade and Simulated Annealing
Authors: Mohammadi Saeed Soltani , Hezarkhani Ardeshir , Tercan A. Erhan
Published: December 2012

Average kriging variance is a standard tool used in optimization of the location of additional drill holes. However, this tool cannot distinguish between areas with different priorities. This limitation could be eliminated by using weighted average kriging variance. This paper extends the problem of optimal location to three dimensional cases, use grade as a weight and search optimum locations by simulated annealing. Weighted average kriging variance is used as objective function. The method is applied to a copper deposit. Results have shown that weighting of the estimation variance with “grade” is effective only when the difference among the grades estimated for different blocks is considerable.
Going Nuclear? Family Structure and Young Women’s Health in India, 1992–2006
Authors: Allendorf Keera
Published: December 2012

Scholars traditionally argued that industrialization, urbanization, and educational expansion lead to a decline in extended families and complementary rise in nuclear families. Some have suggested that such transitions are good for young married women because living in nuclear families benefits their health. However, extended families may also present advantages for young women’s health that outweigh any disadvantages. Using the Indian National Family Health Survey, this article examines whether young married women living in nuclear families have better health than those in patrilocal extended families. It also examines whether young married women’s living arrangements are changing over time and, if so, how such changes will affect their health. Results show that young married women living in nuclear families do not have better health than those in patrilocal extended families. Of eight health outcomes examined, only five differ significantly by family structure. Further, of the five outcomes that differ, four are patrilocal extended-family advantages and only one is a nuclear-family advantage. From 1992 to 2006, the percentage of young married women residing in nuclear families increased, although the majority remained in patrilocal extended families. This trend toward nuclear families will not benefit young women’s health.
Social Patterning in Body Mass Index (BMI) Among Contemporary Immigrant Groups: The Emergence of a Gradient
Authors: Frank Reanne , Akresh Ilana Redstone
Published: December 2012

Although adult body mass index (BMI) displays considerable social patterning worldwide, the direction and strength of the relationship between BMI and socioeconomic status (SES) varies cross nationally. We examine social gradients in BMI for contemporary U.S. immigrants and evaluate whether their SES-BMI gradient patterns are shaped by underlying gradients in immigrant origin countries and whether they are further patterned by time in the United States. Data come from the New Immigrant Survey, the only nationally representative survey of contemporary immigrants. Results indicate that the inverse SES-BMI gradients observed among this population are strongest among women originating in highly developed countries. After arrival in the United States, however, inverse gradient patterns are driven largely by higher weights among low-SES individuals, particularly those from less-developed countries. We conclude that although certain immigrants appear to be uniquely protected from weight gain, poorer individuals from less-developed countries are doubly disadvantaged; this raises concerns about worsening inequalities in both diet and behavior between the rich and poor upon arrival to the United States.
The cohomological equation and invariant distributions for horocycle maps
Authors: TANIS JAMES
Published: December 2012

We study the invariant distributions for horocycle maps on $\Gamma \backslash SL(2, \mathbb {R})$and prove Sobolev estimates for the cohomological equation of horocycle maps. As an application, we obtain a rate of equidistribution for horocycle maps on compact manifolds.
Learning to Depart from a Policy Path: Institutional Change and the Reform of German Labour Market Policy
Authors: Fleckenstein Timo
Published: December 2012

While new institutionalism with its path-dependence theory has proved to be an especially powerful device for explaining the stability and inertia of public policies, its focus on the stickiness of institutions has contributed to conceptual deficits in grasping and explaining actually occurring policy change which have attracted much criticism. With reference to the critical case of German labour market reforms, policy learning is identified as a key mechanism in the paradigmatic transformation of social policy. Pursuing the argument that learning does not happen in a vacuum and is institutionally embedded, policy learning is conceptually enriched with insights from new institutionalism to develop an institutional account of learning. Such an approach to policy learning and a stronger emphasis on ideas address the stability bias in new institutionalism and its path-dependence theory by accounting for knowledge-based institutional change.
Microstructural theory and the rheology of concentrated colloidal suspensions
Authors: Nazockdast Ehssan , Morris Jeffrey F.
Published: December 2012

A theory for the analytical prediction of microstructure of concentrated Brownian suspensions of spheres in simple-shear flow is developed. The computed microstructure is used in a prediction of the suspension rheology. A near-hard-sphere suspension is studied for solid volume fraction $\phi \leq 0. 55$ and Péclet number $Pe= 6\lrm{\pi} \eta \dot {\gamma } {a}^{3} / {k}_{b} T\leq 100$; $a$ is the particle radius, $\eta $ is the suspending Newtonian fluid viscosity, $\dot {\gamma } $ is the shear rate, ${k}_{b} $ is the Boltzmann constant and $T$ is absolute temperature. The method developed determines the steady pair distribution function $g(\mathbi{r})$, where $\mathbi{r}$ is the pair separation vector, from a solution of the Smoluchowski equation (SE) reduced to pair level. To account for the influence of the surrounding bath of particles on the interaction of a pair, an integro-differential form of the pair SE is developed; the integral portion represents the forces due to the bath which drive the pair interaction. Hydrodynamic interactions are accounted for in a pairwise fashion, based on the dominant influence of pair lubrication interactions for concentrated suspensions. The SE is modified to include the influence of shear-induced relative diffusion, and this is found to be crucial for success of the theory; a simple model based on understanding of the shear-induced self-diffusivity is used for this property. The computation of the microstructure is split into two parts, one specific to near-equilibrium ($Pe\ll 1$), where a regular perturbation expansion of $g$ in $Pe$ is applied, and a general-$Pe$ solution of the full SE. The predicted microstructure at low $Pe$ agrees with prior theory for dilute conditions, and becomes increasingly distorted from the equilibrium isotropic state as $\phi $ increases at fixed $Pe\lt 1$. Normal stress differences are predicted and the zero-shear viscosity predicted agrees with simulation results obtained using a Green–Kubo formulation (Foss & Brady, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 407, 2000, pp. 167–200). At $Pe\geq O(1)$, the influence of convection results in a progressively more anisotropic microstructure, with the contact values increasing with $Pe$ to yield a boundary layer and a wake. Agreement of the predicted microstructure with observations from simulations is generally good and discrepancies are clearly noted. The predicted rheology captures shear thinning and shear thickening as well as normal stress differences in good agreement with simulation; quantitative agreement is best at large $\phi $.
Effect of dietary supplementation with white button mushrooms on host resistance to influenza infection and immune function in mice
Authors: Xu Yanmei , Na Lixin , Ren Zhihong , Xu Jianguo , Sun Changhao , Smith Donald , Meydani Simin Nikbin , Wu Dayong
Published: December 2012

Previously, we showed that mice fed white button mushrooms (WBM) had enhanced immune functions known to help the body's antiviral defence. In the present study, we tested whether WBM conferred protection against viral infection. Young (4-month-old) and old (22-month-old) C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 0, 2 or 10 % WBM powder for 8 weeks. Mice were then infected with influenza Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1), and killed at day 0 (uninfected), 2, 5 or 7 post-infection. The primary outcomes of the study were viral titre and body weight. Secondary outcomes were natural killer (NK) cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. The results showed that WBM did not affect viral titre, nor did it prevent infection-induced weight loss. WBM supplementation was found to enhance NK cell activity in old mice and to increase interferon (IFN)-γ production in young and old mice under naive (uninfected) conditions, but it had no such effect after infection. The lack of a mushroom supplementation effect on NK activity and concanavalin A-stimulated IFN-γ production after infection may explain the immune system's failure to reduce viral load and weight loss in mice after influenza infection. WBM supplementation, however, did induce changes in other aspects of the immune response: it significantly increased the production of T-helper type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in uninfected mice and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in infected mice. These mushroom-induced systemic changes, however, were not adequate to confer a protective effect against influenza infection.
Changes in bread consumption and 4-year changes in adiposity in Spanish subjects at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Bautista-Castaño I. , Sánchez-Villegas A. , Estruch R. , Martínez-González M. A. , Corella D. , Salas-Salvadó J. , Covas M. I. , Schroder H. , Alvarez-Pérez J. , Quilez J. , Lamuela-Raventós R. M. , Ros E. , Arós F. , Fiol M. , Lapetra J. , Muñoz M. A. , Gómez-Gracia E. , Tur J. , Pintó X. , Ruiz-Gutierrez V. , Portillo-Baquedano M. P. , Serra-Majem L.
Published: December 2012

The effects of bread consumption change over time on anthropometric measures have been scarcely studied. We analysed 2213 participants at high risk for CVD from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial to assess the association between changes in the consumption of bread and weight and waist circumference gain over time. Dietary habits were assessed with validated FFQ at baseline and repeatedly every year during 4 years of follow-up. Using multivariate models to adjust for covariates, long-term weight and waist circumference changes according to quartiles of change in energy-adjusted white and whole-grain bread consumption were calculated. The present results showed that over 4 years, participants in the highest quartile of change in white bread intake gained 0·76 kg more than those in the lowest quartile (Pfor trend = 0·003) and 1·28 cm more than those in the lowest quartile (Pfor trend < 0·001). No significant dose–response relationships were observed for change in whole-bread consumption and anthropometric measures. Gaining weight (>2 kg) and gaining waist circumference (>2 cm) during follow-up was not associated with increase in bread consumption, but participants in the highest quartile of changes in white bread intake had a reduction of 33 % in the odds of losing weight (>2 kg) and a reduction of 36 % in the odds of losing waist circumference (>2 cm). The present results suggest that reducing white bread, but not whole-grain bread consumption, within a Mediterranean-style food pattern setting is associated with lower gains in weight and abdominal fat.
Gender, Sexuality, and the State in Southeast Asia
Authors: Peletz Michael G.
Published: December 2012

My comments in this essay focus on recent scholarship on gender, sexuality, and the state in Southeast Asia and include brief remarks on some of the literature regarding Southeast Asians in the diaspora. In the interests of transparency, I begin by noting that I am an anthropologist by trade and that many of my observations pertain to writings by anthropologists and historians, though I also engage work in other disciplines.
Introduction to theJASat AAS Roundtable on “Sexuality and the State in Asia”
Authors: Remick Elizabeth J.
Published: December 2012

Attendees of the 2012 Association for Asian Studies (AAS) annual conference in Toronto were treated to two extraordinary speeches at the presidential address and awards ceremony. First, Charlotte Furth's acceptance of the AAS Award for Distinguished Contributions to Asian Studies was a primer in the history of China-related gender studies (Furth 2012). Then, as Rachel Leow discusses in her paper in this forum, outgoing AAS President Gail Hershatter followed up with an inspirational critique (reprinted in this issue) of the current state of gender and sexuality studies in China. Taken together, these two speeches showed how far gender and sexuality studies in Asia have come in the last forty years, but also suggested that it is time for some fresh approaches. For example, Furth explained that when theCambridge History of Chinavolumes on Republican China were commissioned, she and others argued strenuously for the inclusion of a chapter on gender; but in the end, one could not be written because no one had yet done the scholarship on which such a chapter could be based. Fortunately, all of this has changed: the scholarship is there now. But Hershatter quite rightly pointed out that it is time to rethink many of the categories of analysis we have been using, because they are preventing us from asking questions we should be asking, and therefore making us miss the meanings of crucial social events and phenomena.
Colonization dynamics of periphytic ciliate communities on an artificial substratum in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Henglong , Jiang Yong , Zhu Mingzhuang , Al-Rasheid Khaled A.S.
Published: December 2012

Colonization dynamics of periphytic ciliate communities were studied in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China from May to June 2010, using an artificial substratum. Samples were collected at two depths of 1 and 3 m. The temporal patterns of ciliate colonization had similar dynamics and were fitted to the MacArthur–Wilson and logistic models in colonization and growth curves at both depths, respectively. The ciliate communities reached equilibrium in species composition within at least 10-days exposure time. However, they differed in both structural and functional parameters between the two layers, despite similar species composition. The species diversity, evenness, the colonization rate (G) and maximum abundance (Amax) were distinctly higher, but the time for reaching 90% equilibrium species number (T90%) was shorter at the depth of 1 m than those at a deeper layer. Results suggest that it is an optimal strategy to collect the ciliate communities within shorter exposure time at 1 m for ecological research and a monitoring programme in marine ecosystems.
On ‘Bringing Corporate Welfare In’: A Reply to Farnsworth (2)
Authors: SINFIELD ADRIAN
Published: December 2012

Kevin Farnsworth deserves congratulations and thanks for expanding the analysis of the distribution of public resources. In scrutinising the limited data on public subsidies and other support to business, he opens up important issues highly relevant to the study of welfare, both nationally and comparatively. I want to take advantage of this opportunity to reflect on his paper and pose some questions that I hope he and others will pursue as this area is developed.
Social inclusion of the older population in response to the 2008 financial tsunami in Hong Kong
Authors: CHEUNG CHAU-KIU , LEUNG KWAN-KWOK
Published: December 2012

Social inclusion of the older population in employment, housing, social protection and other livelihood aspects was predicted to suffer because of the financial tsunami in Hong Kong in 2008. An expected mitigating factor of the impact on social inclusion was social cohesion, which is the focus of the present study. A total of 1,352 Hong Kong Chinese adults were surveyed in 2009. The results show that social cohesion is perceived in Hong Kong to have mitigated the negative impact of the financial tsunami in terms of support for public policy relating to social inclusion of the older population. These results have implications for sustaining social cohesion as a means to promote the social inclusion of the older population.
Ageing-friendly communities and social inclusion in the United States of America
Authors: SCHARLACH ANDREW E. , LEHNING AMANDA J.
Published: December 2012

Synthesising the social capital and ageing-friendly communities literature, this paper describes how efforts to make communities more ageing-friendly can promote social inclusion among older adults. Making existing communities more ageing-friendly involves physical and social infrastructure changes that enable older adults to pursue lifelong activities, meet their basic needs, maintain significant relationships, participate in the community in personally and socially meaningful ways, and develop new interests and sources of fulfilment. Such efforts can enhance bonding, bridging and linking capital, and thereby promote social inclusion. The authors discuss the link between ageing-friendly communities and social inclusion, and provide examples of programmes with potential to change existing communities into ones that promote the social inclusion of older adults.