bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causes of Diverse Impacts of ENSO on the Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon among CMIP6 Models
Authors: Lin Shuheng , Dong Buwen , Yang Song , He Shan , Hu Yamin
Published: October 2023

This study examines the fidelity of 47 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) in representing the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Southeast Asian summer monsoon (SEASM) during the ENSO decaying summer. The response of the SEASM to ENSO shows a large model spread among the models, some of which even simulate opposite signs of SEASM anomalies compared to the observed values. The bad-performance models (BPMs) are therefore selected to be compared with both the good-performance models (GPMs) and observations to explore the possible causes of the deficiency. Results show that in the BPMs, the ENSO-related warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend too far westward in the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) and they do not dissipate in the El Niño decaying summer in comparison with those in the GPMs and observations, interfering with the effect of ENSO on the SEASM. The slow decay of WEP SST anomalies from the El Niño mature winter to the decaying summer in the BPMs is mainly caused by a weak negative shortwave radiation feedback due to a low sensitivity of convection to local SST anomalies, which is related to the cold bias in climatological SST over this region. On the other hand, from the mature winter to the decaying summer of El Niño, the El Niño–related anomalous eastward current does not reverse to a westward current in the BPMs, which also contributes to the slow decay of WEP SST anomalies via inducing excessively persistent warm zonal advection.

Significance Statement

We investigate the possible causes of the diverse impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Southeast Asian summer monsoon (SEASM) among 47 CMIP6 models. We find that a plausible reason for the deficiency of some models in simulating the influence of ENSO on the monsoon is that the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with ENSO are unrealistic in the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) in these models. Further diagnoses indicate that the unrealistic WEP SST anomalies are related to the cold bias of the climatological SST, which could lead to a weak negative shortwave radiation feedback and excessively persistent warm zonal advection. The information provided in this study is useful for improving the skill of the climate models in representing the ENSO–SEASM relationship.
Spatiotemporal Variations in Precipitation Forecasting Skill of Three Global Subseasonal Prediction Products over China
Authors: Liu Shiyuan , Li Wentao , Duan Qingyun
Published: October 2023

Subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) predictions, which bridge the gap between weather forecasts and climate outlooks, have the great societal benefits of improving water resource management and food security. However, there are tremendous disparities in the forecasting skills of subseasonal precipitation prediction products. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations in the precipitation forecasting skill of three subseasonal prediction products from the CMA, ECMWF, and NCEP over China. Daily precipitation predictions with lead times ranging from 1 to 30 days and cumulative precipitation predictions over 1–30 days were evaluated in nine major river basins. The daily prediction skill rapidly declines with lead time. In contrast, the correlation coefficient between the cumulative precipitation predictions and corresponding observations increases at first and peaks at 0.7–0.8 after 3–5 days, then gradually decreases and settles at approximately 0.2–0.6. Among the three evaluated models, the ECMWF model demonstrates the best skill, maintaining a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.5 for 2-week cumulative precipitation. Moreover, the correlation coefficient of the model’s prediction is 0.2–0.5 higher than that of the climatological prediction over a large domain for the 30-day cumulative precipitation during the rainy summer. Similarly, the equitable threat score for forecasting below- and above-normal precipitation events presents good results in eastern China but is affected by biases of raw predictions. The variations in the subseasonal prediction skill at different time scales reveal the potential values of cumulative precipitation predictions. The findings of this study can provide practical information for applications that prioritize the long-term aggregation of hydrometeorological variables.

Significance Statement

The daily and cumulative precipitation prediction skills of three subseasonal prediction products were evaluated over China in this study. Our results reveal the spatiotemporal variations in prediction skill, especially with respect to time scale. Compared to daily precipitation predictions, cumulative precipitation predictions are more skillful, with correlation coefficients peaking at 0.7–0.8 after 3–5 days. These results can provide valuable information for water resource managers who are more concerned with the general conditions over a period than with hydrometeorological events occurring on a particular day. This study can guide end users in applying appropriate time scales to fully exploit numerical weather prediction information and satisfy their specific needs.
A New Closure Assumption and Formulation Based on the Helmholtz Decomposition for Improving Retrievals for Vortex Circulations from Single-Doppler Radar Observations
Authors: Tsujino Satoki , Horinouchi Takeshi , Shimada Udai
Published: October 2023

Doppler weather radars are powerful tools for investigating the inner-core structure and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs). The Doppler velocity can provide quantitative information on the vortex structure in the TCs. The generalized velocity track display (GVTD) technique has been used to retrieve the axisymmetric circulations and asymmetric tangential flows in the TCs from ground-based single-Doppler radar observations. GVTD can have limited applicability to asymmetric vortices due to the closure assumption of no asymmetric radial flows. The present study proposes a new closure formulation that includes asymmetric radial flows, based on the Helmholtz decomposition. Here it is assumed that the horizontal flow is predominantly rotational and expressed with a streamfunction, but limited inclusion of wavenumber-1 divergence is available. Unlike the original GVTD, the decomposition introduces consistency along the radius by solving all equations simultaneously. The new approach, named GVTD-X, is applied to analytical vortices and a real TC with asymmetric structures. This approach makes the retrieval of axisymmetric flow relatively insensitive to the contamination from asymmetric flows and to small errors in storm center location. For an analytical vortex with a wavenumber-2 asymmetry, the maximum relative error of the axisymmetric tangential wind retrieved by GVTD-X is less than 2% at the radius of the maximum wind speed. In practical applications, errors can be evaluated by comparing results for different maximum wavenumbers. When applied to a real TC, GVTD-X largely suppressed an artificial periodic fluctuation that occurs in GVTD from the aliasing of the neglected asymmetric radial flows.

Significance Statement

In tropical cyclone (TC) wind retrievals from single-Doppler weather radar observations, closure assumptions are required for the retrieval equations. The present study proposes a new closure allowing asymmetric radial winds and improving retrievals for TC winds in the previously developed technique. The relative error of the axisymmetric tangential wind in idealized vortices from the new approach is less than 2% at the radius of the maximum wind speed. In applying to a real TC with an elliptical eyewall, we found that the new approach can largely suppress an artificial evolution of the tangential winds in the previous retrieval technique.
Challenges in Remote Study Design: An Infrastructure Review of a Linkage Study
Authors: Schatto-Eckrodt Tim , Clever Lena , Frischlich Lena
Published: October 2023

Planning and designing a study that links content analysis and panel data is a complex endeavor and managing a collaborative research project across multiple organizations involves many hurdles and challenges. Both, the complexity of a linkage design and the challenging nature of a collaborative research project are enhanced by the COVID-19 pandemic, demanding creative solutions for many issues and a lot of planning by the researchers involved. Especially the challenges involved in gathering, storing, analyzing, and accessing data are amplified by the lack of face-to-face contact and standardized technical infrastructure for digital collaborative research projects. This article aims at giving an overview of the technical infrastructure involved in the content analysis part of a large-scale linkage study, providing researchers with a blueprint of the many moving parts involved in the study’s implementation. This overview will be discussed with a reflective eye toward the challenges encountered and solutions found in the process, the added layer of complexity of a global pandemic, and potential learnings for future projects like this.
Who is responsible—and for what? An antenarrative perspective on organizational members’ crisis sensemaking of responsibility during a corporate scandal
Authors: Frandsen Sanne , Svane Marita , Maria Humle Didde
Published: October 2023

We investigate organizational members’ crisis sensemaking and construction of responsibility at the peak of a corporate scandal. We focus on those organizational members, who are not directly involved in the scandal but are still affected by it, as they are questioned about their collective and moral responsibility for being members of an organization that has engaged in wrongdoing. Our study is based on interviews with and observations of frontline employees and their managers at Danske Banke—a bank involved in a money laundering scandal of historical magnitude. We propose an antenarrative crisis sensemaking framework that enables us to contribute to the literature on crisis sensemaking in two significant ways. First, we advance existing knowledge on crisis sensemaking by focusing on the less visible, unfinished, fragmented, and polyphonic sensemaking of organizational members during a corporate scandal. Second, we demonstrate that organizational members at the peak of a scandal place responsibility in different timespaces as they construct others’ and their own responsibility both retrospectively and prospectively.
Differential Switch Costs in Typically Achieving Children and Children With Mathematical Difficulties
Authors: Endlich Darius , Lenhard Wolfgang , Marx Peter , Richter Tobias
Published: October 2023

Children with mathematical difficulties need to spend more time than typically achieving children on solving even simple equations. Since these tasks already require a larger share of their cognitive resources, additional demands imposed by the need to switch between tasks may lead to a greater decline of performance in children with mathematical difficulties. We explored differential task switch costs with respect to switching between addition versus subtraction with a tablet-based arithmetic verification task and additional standardized tests in German elementary school children in Grades 1 to 4. Two independent studies were conducted. In Study 1, we assessed the validity of a newly constructed tablet-based arithmetic verification task in a controlled classroom-setting ( n = 165). Then, effects of switching between different types of arithmetic operations on accuracy and response latency were analyzed through generalized linear mixed models in an online-based testing (Study 2; n = 3,409). Children with mathematical difficulties needed more time and worked less accurately overall. They also exhibited a stronger performance decline when working in a task-switching condition, when working on subtraction (vs. addition) items and in operations with two-digit (vs. one-digit) operations. These results underline the value of process data in the context of assessing mathematical difficulties.
First Person: Dismantling deficit ideology one email at a time
Authors: Duhaylongsod Leslie
Published: October 2023

Teacher educator Leslie Duhaylongsod reflects on an email exchange with an aspiring teacher who was able to move away from deficit-based thinking with the help of a student avatar.
Backtalk: Partnering with families to close pandemic learning gaps
Authors: King Anna
Published: October 2023

National Assessment of Educational Progress results show that U.S. students have not recovered the from the learning losses of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys also show that parents and families are not aware of the extent of the crisis. Anna King, immediate past president of the National PTA, discusses the importance of letting parents know the extent of the problem and sharing how they can help.
Recent Trend in the Prevalence and Correlates of Depression Among Chinese Young Adults from 2010 to 2018
Authors: Li Ting , Shi Lushaobo , Xia Yi , Shi Zengping , Wang Dong
Published: October 2023

As a result of globalization, Chinese young adults who transit to adulthood currently are being exposed to a combination of traditional Chinese values such as collectivism and Confucian philosophy, as well as Western individualism. We analyzed the trends in depression prevalence within an 8-year period using panel data derived from young adults in China. The investigation further delved into the multifaceted correlates of depression, including demographic profiles, health-related parameters, and consequential life events. Data were obtained from five cycles, 2010 to 2018, of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Participants included adults aged 18 to 24 years (total analytic sample N = 15,442). Depression symptoms increased in prevalence in Chinese young adults over the eight years; therefore, depression screening should be regularly conducted in this demographic. This study highlights the issue’s gravity and suggests potential correlations with cultural, regional economic development level, gender, religion, hukou (household registration), lifestyle, chronic health conditions, on-going school attendance, and marital factors.
Wildfire risk weighting and behaviour prediction using open geospatial data and ontologies
Authors: Brys Carlos , Navas-Delgado Ismael , Aldana-Montes José F
Published: October 2023

This article presents a novel approach to wildfire risk assessment and behaviour prediction by leveraging open geospatial data and ontologies. The proposed methodology includes a spatially weighted index model and multicriteria analysis to represent the risk of forest fires in the affected area. It bridges gaps in theory and practice, offering a comprehensive solution for evaluating potential forest fire risk in near real time, predicting fire behaviour and elucidating the semantics of fire management. During dry and hot conditions, forest fires tend to escalate. Hence, we propose an algorithm that combines experts’ empirical criteria and open-source data to identify dangerous fires in near real time, aiding authorities in directing attention to the riskiest areas. The objective is to predict forest fire behaviour, a complex and nonlinear system influenced by dynamic factors such as weather conditions, topography and land use. Our methodology enables real-time assessment of potential forest fire risks, complemented by predictive fire behaviour scenarios and a descriptive ontology of fire management semantics. We examine existing fire-related ontologies and propose a comprehensive one encompassing incident descriptions, firefighting resources, actor interrelations and knowledge for effective action. By classifying fire sources, our algorithm enables strategic decision-making to prevent uncontrolled fires. This solution significantly enhances data using semantic and spatial relationships among wildfire resources. Furthermore, we demonstrate how ontologies improve data integration and interoperability among diverse systems and organisations involved in forest fire risk management, fostering better coordination and faster responses to critical situations. To facilitate decision-making, we create decision-making scenarios linked to analysed hot spots, drawing from open hot spot data such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), OpenStreetMap (OSM), OpenWeatherMap (OWM) and OpenTopoData (OTD). We propose an ordinal and linguistic classification system (F1–F5) denoting risk levels as low, moderate, high, very high and extreme. These values are obtained through factor aggregation and fuzzy logic. A publicly accessible, interactive web map displays the results derived from this model. Overall, our contributions to wildfire risk management provide authorities with a valuable tool to make informed decisions and mitigate the damaging effects of wildfires.
Human-centred design on crowdsourcing annotation towards improving active learning model performance
Authors: Dong Jing , Kang Yangyang , Liu Jiawei , Sun Changlong , Fan Shu , Jin Huchong , Wu Dan , Jiang Zhuoren , Niu Xi , Liu Xiaozhong
Published: October 2023

Active learning in machine learning is an effective approach to reducing the cost of human efforts for generating labels. The iterative process of active learning involves a human annotation step, during which crowdsourcing could be leveraged. It is essential for organisations adopting the active learning method to obtain a high model performance. This study aims to identify effective crowdsourcing interaction designs to promote the quality of human annotations and therefore the natural language processing (NLP)-based machine learning model performance. Specifically, the study experimented with four human-centred design techniques: highlight, guidelines, validation and text amount. Based on different combinations of the four design elements, the study developed 15 different annotation interfaces and recruited crowd workers to annotate texts with these interfaces. Annotated data under different designs were used separately to iteratively train a machine learning model. The results show that the design techniques of highlight and guideline play an essential role in improving the quality of human labels and therefore the performance of active learning models, while the impact of validation and text amount on model performance can be either positive in some cases or negative in other cases. The ‘simple’ designs (i.e. D1, D2, D7 and D14) with a few design techniques contribute to the top performance of models. The results provide practical implications to inspire the design of a crowdsourcing labelling system used for active learning.
Can Historical Control Group Data Be Used to Replace Concurrent Controls in Animal Studies?
Authors: Steger-Hartmann Thomas , Clark Matthew
Published: October 2023

The availability of large amounts of high-quality control data from tightly controlled regulated animal safety data has created the idea to re-use these data beyond its classical applications of quality control, identification of treatment-related effects and assessing effect-size relevance for building virtual control groups (VCGs). While the ethical and cost-saving aspects of such a concept are immediately evident, the potential challenges need to be carefully considered to avoid any effect which could lower the sensitivity of an animal study to detect adverse events, safety thresholds, target organs, or biomarkers. In our brief communication, we summarize the current discussion regarding VCGs and propose a path forward how the replacement of concurrent control with VCGs resulting from historical data could be systematically assessed and to come to conclusions regarding the scientific value of the concept.
The aesthetics of language, body and distancing in dramatherapeutic trauma work
Authors: Buckley Meaghen
Published: October 2023

This theoretical article identifies the intentional aesthetic use of embodied language as one of the unique contributions of dramatherapy to trauma treatment. Despite the centrality of narrative, fictional and dramatic language to dramatherapy practice, there has been little written about the aesthetics of language and their application in trauma work, nor about the relationship between embodiment and language use in dramatherapy. The article proceeds from the assumption that aesthetics are at the core of dramatherapy process, and therefore, that it is crucial to the understanding of therapeutic change in dramatherapy to explore the aesthetic aspects of practice. Reviewing the literature on language in trauma work and aesthetics in dramatherapy, the article provides a preliminary typology of the aesthetic elements of language as used in dramatherapy, with illustrative examples from the literature and from the author’s arts-based research. The core process of aesthetic distancing is applied as the dramatherapist’s primary tool for moment-to-moment assessment and decision-making regarding interventions, particularly with regard to titrating exposure to traumatic content; this is necessary to sustain a robust dramatic reality capable of containing the potentially affectively and physiologically intense work of trauma resolution. The article concludes with recommendations for future research into language use in dramatherapy trauma work.
Circular economy strategies for waste management in Sri Lanka: A focus on demolitions and repurpose and material recovery and production stages
Authors: Victar H.C. , Waidyasekara K.G.A.S.
Published: October 2023

In Sri Lanka, the management of Construction & Demolition (C&D) waste poses a major problem, leading to environmental degradation and depletion of resources. This study aims to tackle these issues by examining the implementation of Circular Economy (CE) strategies within the construction industry of Sri Lanka. The focus is on reducing waste generation and maximizing resource utilization during the demolitions and repurpose, as well as material recovery and production stages of the building project life cycle. These stages are crucial in terms of waste generation and resource consumption. A qualitative approach was employed in this research, utilizing the Delphi technique to gather insights through a series of three rounds of expert interviews. In the first round, 17 experts were involved, followed by 15 in the second round, and 12 in the final round. The data collected from these interviews were analysed using manual content analysis methods. Based on the research findings, a total of 14 C&D Waste Management (WM) issues were identified specifically in the Demolitions and Repurpose Stage in Sri Lanka. For each issue, suitable strategies were proposed to overcome them effectively. Furthermore, the study examined the impact of CE strategies on minimizing these issues within the context of the project management iron triangle. Similarly, the Material Recovery and Production Stage of the building presented eight C&D WM issues, each accompanied by corresponding strategies to address them. The research also explored the influence of CE strategies in mitigating these issues, considering the project management iron triangle. During the demolitions and repurpose stage, CE strategies focus on reducing waste generation and optimizing resource utilization. This involves carefully deconstructing buildings to salvage and recover materials that can be reused or repurposed.
The history, interests and future of polyphenylene sulfide: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Shen Lu , Xing Jian
Published: October 2023

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) with unique performance advantages and development potential is widely used in electronics, aerospace, environmental protection, automobile, machinery, textile, chemical, pharmacy, environmental protection and other industries. The researches on PPS material are constantly advancing and improving in both quantity and quality. To clarify the progress and status, and to explore current focus and development trend of PPS at a global level, the bibliometric analysis was used based on Web of Science Core Collection database. 1118 papers were retrieved, and countries or regions, institutions, journals, authors, research areas, author keywords, and highly cited articles were discussed in detail. The results of bibliometric analysis show that China was the dominant country in terms of contributions of paper output, followed by the USA, South Korea, Japan, India, and Germany. Germany and China both were the most active partner which worked with other high productive countries. “Polymer science” was the most attractive research area with 451 papers involved in. “Journal of Applied Polymer Science” was the most comprehensive source of PPS material publications and with the highest h-index. The author keywords “mechanical property”, “behavior”, “composite”, “morphology”, “kinetics”, “friction”, “tribological property” and “crystallization” reflected a high level attention and hot topics for PPS. Based on the results of bibliometric analysis, the research progress and achievements of preparation, performance improvement and application field expansion in recent years were summarized and explained. To achieve more comprehensive performance and to be suitable for more special applications in various fields, the enhancement and toughening of PPS, the modification by blending or alloying with other polymers or other reinforcing materials, the production of PPS ultrafine fiber and PPS membrane were shownas the research emphasis.
Family Caregivers’ Trajectories of Distress While Caring for a Person With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Kalhovde Anne Martha , Kitzmüller Gabriele
Published: October 2023

Serious mental illness (SMI) can significantly impact the lives of individuals and their families. These families often experience great emotional distress over time due to the early onset of SMI, which in turn leads to long-term trajectories and only partial recovery. However, we do not fully understand the emotional distress of family caregivers. Thus, our aim was to enrich the understanding of the lived experiences of family caregivers’ emotional trajectories of distress while caring for persons with SMI. We conducted a secondary analysis using a hermeneutic approach to the narratives of seven family caregivers from a study on living with voices unheard by others. Participants’ trajectories of emotional distress came forth as being thrust on an unpredictable, intensely worrisome, and indefinite journey. The following themes highlighted this tumultuous journey: fumbling in the dark trying to grasp the incomprehensible, “on your toes”—enduring unpredictability, facing different forms of fear, and battling waves of sadness and regret. Caregivers face multiple threats to their well-being and sometimes even to their health. Their distress appeared to vary according to their relationship with the person with SMI, whether they lived with the ill person, illness trajectory, and amount of violent or suicidal behavior. The results underscore the need for individualized and timely information, opportunities for dialogue with healthcare providers with and without the person with SMI, and inclusion in care planning. Caregivers who have experienced trauma, threats of violence, and rejection require special attention.
Public-Private Partnerships in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region: Policy Discussions, Projects, Regulatory Frameworks, and Future Directions
Authors: Biygautane Mhamed , Clegg Stewart
Published: October 2023

This policy insights paper explores the development of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region over the past three decades and argues that although GCC states did not embark on a full-fledged experience with PPPs, unstable oil and gas prices are changing this approach. PPPs are increasingly gaining strong political support, and GCC states have made numerous reforms to the existing regulatory and institutional systems to enable a more extensive uptake of PPPs that encompasses a broader spectrum of social and economic infrastructure services. This article offers an overview of the historical development of PPPs in the GCC region since the 1990s, illustrating policy discussions and motivations for adopting PPPs, the meaning and types of PPP projects that have been implemented or planned in the region, and the most recent developments in the regulatory and institutional frameworks underpinning PPPs.
The Black Men’s Health Forum: Improving Health Knowledge and Willingness to Participate in Research
Authors: Lloyd Shawnta L. , Williams Kelvin L. , Pastors Network Triad , Caban-Holt Allison , Craft Suzanne , D. Baker Laura , Byrd Goldie S.
Published: October 2023

The Black Men’s Health Forum, a 6-week online health education intervention for African American men and accountability partners of African American men, was conducted to increase awareness of health issues that disproportionately affect African American men. In this article, we describe the intervention and report on the immediate benefits of the intervention, including changes in health knowledge and perception of research participation. Participants completed a pre-evaluation prior to participating in the forum and a post-evaluation after each session to capture data on sociodemographic information, medical history, health knowledge, and health behaviors. A total of 60 participants (30 African American men and 30 accountability partners) completed the forum. African American men had a mean age of 61.1 years while accountability partners had a mean age of 57.6 years. Overall health knowledge increased by 6.9 points for African American men and 2.8 points for accountability partners. Before the forum began, nine African American men reported ever participating in a research study. The proportion of African American men who reported that they would definitely participate in research in the next 12 months after participating in the forum increased by 40%. Through culturally tailored programming, the Black Men’s Health Forum increased access to health information as well as African American male medical professionals and health researchers for African American men in the community. Exposure to health information resulted in significant increases in health knowledge and willingness to participate in health research among African American men.
TwoFold: Highly accurate structure and affinity prediction for protein-ligand complexes from sequences
Authors: Hsu Darren J , Lu Hao , Kashi Aditya , Matheson Michael , Gounley John , Wang Feiyi , Joubert Wayne , Glaser Jens
Published: October 2023

We describe our development of ab initio protein-ligand binding pose prediction models based on transformers and binding affinity prediction models based on the neural tangent kernel (NTK). Folding both protein and ligand, the TwoFold models achieve efficient and quality predictions matching state-of-the-art implementations while additionally reconstructing protein structures. Solving NTK models points to a new use case for highly optimized linear solver benchmarking codes on HPC.
Malocclusion in cats associated with mandibular soft tissue trauma: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Ziemann Daria , Mestrinho Lisa A , Gawor Jerzy
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine whether an association existed between cephalometric measurements, maxillomandibular dental arch distances and the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions in the mandibular soft tissues of cats.

Methods

Cats that had presented for dental consultations and that underwent cone-beam CT during diagnostic assessment were included in the study and categorised as cases and controls in a 1:2 ratio. Cases were designated as cats with a clinical diagnosis of malocclusion causing trauma to the buccal mandibular soft tissues or pyogenic granuloma secondary to the trauma, and controls were designated as cats with the absence of such diagnoses and without a history of other musculoskeletal anomalies in the head. Cephalometric measurements, including skull and facial indexes, as well as distances and angulations between dental crowns and crown tips, were calculated and analysed statistically.

Results

In total, 72 cats (24 cases and 48 controls) were included in the study. Cephalometric measurements revealed a significant association between the skull and facial indexes and the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions in the caudal teeth. Brachycephaly was a strong predictor of the occurrence of traumatic malocclusions. In addition, the space between crown tips and teeth angulations was a contributing factor to the trauma.

Conclusions and relevance

Cats with traumatic malocclusions in the cheek teeth tend to present a narrower interdental space between the maxillary and mandibular carnassial teeth, mostly attributed to skeletal and dental malocclusion. These findings can be used to help raise awareness about this disease in cats and its association with brachycephaly. Cut-off values have been proposed and could be used in the selection of cats by breeders to reduce the occurrence of this disease.
Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures and the retinal nerve fiber layer thinning
Authors: Rabinovich Mark , Seray Samia , Amoroso Francesca , Madar Charles , Souied Eric H
Published: October 2023

Aim

We describe a report of three cases of bilateral Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-Like Structures (PHOMS), their respective multimodal imaging, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) analysis over time.

Methods

We performed an elaborated multimodal imaging of three pediatric patients with PHOMS. We performed a visual acuity testing, followed by a biomicroscopic and fundus examination, an additional Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), infra-red (IR), fluorescein angiography (FA), Scanning laser Ophtalmoscopy (SLO), and retro-mode imaging. Furthermore, we analyzed RNFL thickness over several consecutive visits.

Results

The multimodal approach exhibited similar characteristics of PHOMS in all eyes, namely a torus-like shaped that was particularly demarcated and well visualized using SLO and retro-mode tool. In all the eyes, we found a downward trend of the RNFL over time. In both the right and left eye, RNFL at presentation averaged at 152.33 ± 25.42 and 130 ± 18.33 microns, respectively. Several weeks after, it averaged at 142 ± 30.34 and 125.67 ± 14.84 microns, respectively.

Conclusions

Our report shows a thinning trend of the RNFL thickness over time in patients with PHOMS.
European attachment and restrictive and inclusive policies towards ethnic minorities and immigrants: The mediating role of perceived threat
Authors: Arnoso-Martínez Maitane , Bobowik Magdalena , González Nerea , Rupar Mirjana , Arnoso-Martínez Ainara , Gómez Daniel
Published: October 2023

Having a strong attachment to Europe might be crucial in understanding support for policies affecting ethnic minorities and migrants arriving in Europe. However, research examining this link is limited. In 4 out of 5 studies ( N = 1,469), including correlational and experimental data, we found that greater European attachment was associated with support for restrictive policies such as border closures or increased security. These relationships were consistently explained by higher perceptions of realistic threat. European attachment did not show a significant association with support for inclusive policies such as those promoting the integration of cultural diversity or granting rights to minorities, in 4 out of 5 studies. However, meta-analytical integration of the data revealed a significant averaged indirect relationship: European attachment was associated with less support for inclusive policies via increased realistic threat. We discuss these findings while considering the sociopolitical context and the practical implications for Europe’s commitment to human rights.
Fuel-air mixing in motored CFR engine at research octane number (RON) relevant condition
Authors: Bhattacharya Atmadeep , Keskinen Karri , Larmi Martti , Pal Pinaki , Kroyan Yuri , Sarjovaara Teemu , Kaario Ossi
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of a motored cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine at research octane number (RON) relevant condition. The boundary conditions for 3-D simulations were generated with a one-dimensional GT-Power model. For the first time in literature, a carburetor was added to a virtual CFR engine model with 3-D CFD. Therefore, the proposed setup can simulate the fuel and thermal stratifications inside the engine cylinder with realistic detail. The transient simulations in this work were performed within the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) framework with a Realizable k-ε turbulence model. Major conclusions from the present work are: (1) The in-cylinder flow of the CFR engine is swirl-dominated due to the existence of the intake valve shroud. (2) There is a significant amount of liquid droplets entering the cylinder during the intake stroke. The maximum instantaneous amount of liquid for 50% PRF 87 (containing 87% iso-octane and 13% n-heptane (v/v)) and 50% ethanol mixture is indicated to be around 26% of total injected fuel mass. (3) The heat of vaporization (HoV) of the fuel is responsible for creating both temperature and charge stratification inside the cylinder.
Recommendations for the collection and annotation of biosamples for analysis of biomarkers in neurofibromatosis and schwannomatosis clinical trials
Authors: Sundby R Taylor , Rhodes Steven D , Komlodi-Pasztor Edina , Sarnoff Herb , Grasso Vito , Upadhyaya Meena , Kim AeRang , Evans D Gareth , Blakeley Jaishri O , Hanemann C Oliver , Bettegowda Chetan
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Neurofibromatosis 1 and schwannomatosis are characterized by potential lifelong morbidity and life-threatening complications. To date, however, diagnostic and predictive biomarkers are an unmet need in this patient population. The inclusion of biomarker discovery correlatives in neurofibromatosis 1/schwannomatosis clinical trials enables study of low-incidence disease. The implementation of a common data model would further enhance biomarker discovery by enabling effective concatenation of data from multiple studies.

Methods

The Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis biomarker working group reviewed published data on emerging trends in neurofibromatosis 1 and schwannomatosis biomarker research and developed recommendations in a series of consensus meetings.

Results

Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising assay for neurofibromatosis 1/schwannomatosis biomarker discovery and validation. In addition, we review recommendations for a range of biomarkers in clinical trials, neurofibromatosis 1/schwannomatosis–specific data annotations, and common data models for data integration.

Conclusion

These Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis consensus guidelines are intended to provide best practices for the inclusion of biomarker studies in neurofibromatosis 1/schwannomatosis clinical trials, data, and sample annotation and to lay a framework for data harmonization and concatenation between trials.
Self-blame and (becoming) the crazy ex: Domestic abuse, information sharing and responsibilisation
Authors: Renehan Nicole , Barlow Charlotte , Walklate Sandra
Published: October 2023

The 2021 Domestic Abuse Act puts the Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme (Clare’s Law) on a statutory footing which allows police forces to share someone’s criminal history to prevent domestic abuse. In this article, we draw on the findings from a wider study on women’s experiences of accessing such schemes and instead highlight the informal ways in which women shared and received information about domestic abuse experiences among each other to prevent domestic abuse. These experiences are located within a ‘red flag’ discourse which we argue inadvertently responsibilises women, who in turn blame themselves for failing to leave abusive relationships. The conclusion makes some suggestions as to how a better understanding of the reality of victim-survivors’ everyday lives might inform the practices of those tasked with supporting women in making sense of disclosures of domestic abuse and providing appropriate support at the right time.
Mapping healthy planning frameworks
Authors: De La Haye A , Jones A , van Herk S , Rofin-Serra M , Lake AA , Moore HJ
Published: October 2023

Aims:

The aim of this research was to map available healthy planning frameworks to discover the range, composition, design, and implementation of healthy planning frameworks.

Methods:

A systematic scoping review with date, location, and usability limitations was augmented by a grey literature search. Data were extracted on key details, design, outcomes considered, and implementation features of the final 61 frameworks.

Results:

Data extracted indicated that most frameworks tend to focus on one element of the built environment, with active mobility, active environments, and transport being the most prevalent ones (34%). Most frameworks (40) stated their intended outcomes on health in general terms, rather than targeting specific health outcomes. Very few frameworks (12%) were aimed at the public, and only 11% of frameworks included an evaluation.

Conclusions:

While there are a wide variety and number of frameworks available in the field of healthy urban planning, they are generally siloed, focusing on highly specific individual urban determinants, and rarely consider health outcomes in detail. There is significantly less provision available for citizen and community use. Frameworks tend to offer limited updating mechanisms and very rarely include ongoing evaluation processes, making their success difficult to assess.
Navigating the valuation conundrum: Unravelling challenges and flaws within the startup’s valuation technique
Authors: Suganthi P , Shanmugam Kavitha
Published: October 2023

The environment of startups in the field of information technology (IT) is strongly connected with the dynamics of finance and valuation. IT startups sometimes rely on a variety of funding sources, including Venture Capitalists (VCs), Private Equity funds, Government subsidies, and even Hedge funds. Overvaluation has emerged as a key hazard harming the IT startup ecosystem. This phenomenon occurs when the valuation of a startup exceeds its true worth, which is frequently driven by enthusiastic investor optimism, market trends, and competitive pressures. The case addresses factors that might lead to overvaluation during funding rounds of startups. The case also explores various conditions like global economic slowdown, regulatory measures, sustainability of the product or idea of a startup that mitigates downturn of valuation. The measures from all the stakeholders of startups viz., investors, founders, governments etc. is dealt with for tackling the overvaluation conundrum.
When Change and Stability in Work Location Matter for Psychological Distress: A Study of Workers Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yucel Deniz , Latshaw Beth A. , Kim Jaeseung
Published: October 2023

Prior research has explored the consequences of the sudden transition to remote work during the pandemic. Less is known, however, about how the mental distress of individuals who changed work locations during the pandemic differed from that of those who consistently worked from home or consistently worked on-site, nor to what extent these differences varied across worker characteristics, such as gender and caregiving obligations. This study addresses these gaps using data from the Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel survey and a Stress Process Model framework. Results show that those who transitioned into working from home during the pandemic reported greater mental distress than those who consistently worked from home or on-site. This association was larger among women with school-aged children. These findings suggest that structural changes in work location during the pandemic were more strongly related to mental distress. Moreover, the finding that this distress was unevenly distributed by gender and caregiving obligations has important implications.
Technical Foundation, External Environment, and Government Internet Service Capability: Evidence From China
Authors: Jin Tian , Dong Cheng
Published: October 2023

This study examines the influencing factors of the local government’s Internet service capability construction in China. The research framework for this study was the “technology-organization-environment” (TOE) framework. A total of 277 local governments were collected from Chinese cities and used for the data analysis. The data analysis was conducted with Stata. The results of this research demonstrated that there is a significant positive correlation between information technology talents, peer pressure, leader attachment, sustainable competitiveness, data open platform, and the government’s Internet service capability. Surprisingly, there is a negative correlation between per capita budget expenditure and the government’s Internet service capability. The aforementioned conclusions hold even after the robustness test. Discussion is held regarding how these conclusions may affect the development of the government’s Internet service capability.
The Effects of Variable Tension Forces on Exoskeletons’ Effectiveness
Authors: Kim Joseph Yun-Ming , Stone Richard , Hallbeck M. Susan , Norasi Hamid
Published: October 2023

Exoskeletons are ergonomic devices that can support workers to improve performance and worker safety. This study created an apparatus that simulated a head-and-neck exoskeleton designed for surgeons to test the effects of varying tension forces on muscle activation (splenius capitis, splenius cervices, and erector spinae), body part discomfort, dexterity, cognition, and overall usability of the device. Eight participants were involved in twelve trials over two days and held static postures (looking down at 45° or 90°) for 20 minutes with 10-minute breaks between trials. Six trials utilized tension forces, which were recorded every two minutes and then averaged for each trial. A bivariate regression analysis ( on each metric vs. average tension forces demonstrated that increasing tension forces led to decreased muscle activity of the left splenius capitis, change in general body pain, change in neck discomfort, and the rate of discomfort developing, and improved usability scores.