bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of IFRS mandatory adoption on value relevance of intangible assets in Italy
Authors: Cordazzo Michela , Rossi Paola
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Following the mandatory IFRS adoption in 2005, the Continental European accounting systems changed. This study investigates if it influenced the value relevance of intangible assets in Italy.

Design/methodology/approach

To measure the value relevance of intangible assets of non-financial firms listed on Borsa Italiana from 2000 to 2015, this study isolates the impact of several classes of intangible assets on stock prices and then classifies firms according to intangible asset intensity.

Findings

Goodwill, intellectual property and other rights, start-up costs or other intangible assets are significantly correlated with stock prices when Italian accounting standards were applied prior to 2005, whereas research and development expenditures are not associated with stock prices. The mandatory IFRS adoption has exerted positive effects only for goodwill and research and development expenditures, and it is negative for start-up costs. Further, when intangible-intensive firms are considered in the post-IFRS adoption period, declining value relevance exists relative to intellectual property and other rights or research and development expenditures; goodwill and other intangible assets increase in value relevance.

Research limitations/implications

This study is subject to country-specific determinants and firm-specific characteristics. It treats accounting standards as exogenous, and the classification reflects the concentration of intangible assets in an industry. By relying on investors’ assessments of risk, it does not sufficiently explore the risk conveyed by future abnormal earnings and earnings volatility.

Practical implications

This study offers insights for measuring and reporting intangible assets, by specifying that their value relevance depends on their level and aggregation.

Originality/value

This study investigates the value relevance of intangible assets in the post-IFRS period, in reference to intangible-intensive firms. It also divides intangible assets into several classes to specify the value relevance of goodwill.
Technology visibility and consumer adoption of virtual fitting rooms (VFRs): a cross-cultural comparison of Chinese and Korean consumers
Authors: Lee Hanna , Xu Yingjiao , Li Ailin
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of technology visibility and subsequent perceptions of VFRs on consumers' intention to adopt VFRs in the online shopping context. A cross-cultural comparison was conducted to examine the different relationships among technology visibility, consumer perceptions and adoption intentions between the Chinese and Korean consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 306 Chinese and 324 Korean consumers. The data were empirically analysed using structural equation modelling as well as multi-group comparisons.

Findings

Empirical results suggest significant influence of technology visibility on consumers' experiential and functional perceptions towards VFRs and accordingly on their adoption intention towards VFRs. Significant differences were also revealed between the Chinese and Korean consumers in their adoption behaviours towards VFRs.

Research limitations/implications

The comparison was only conducted between the Chinese and Korean consumers. If two countries from two dramatically different cultures were compared, the results might be more significant.

Practical implications

An important implication is that enhancement of visibility is crucial for technology adoption considering its importance in shaping consumers' perceptions towards the technology.

Originality/value

The paper empirically tested the importance of technology visibility in consumers' new technology adoption in the VFR context from a cross-cultural perspective.
The mapping of information and communication technologies, and knowledge management processes, with company innovation
Authors: Jarmooka Qabas , Fulford Richard Glenn , Morris Robyn , Barratt-Pugh Llandis
Published: April 2020

Purpose

National and organizational innovation is currently at the forefront of media discussion and is viewed as critical to economic development. While the argument for investment is universal, how it should be orchestrated is uncertain. The purpose of this paper is to bring together the three major related components of information and communication technology (ICT), knowledge management processes (KMP) and innovation, to explore empirically the constituents of ICT and KMP that improve innovation within Australian enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

The method is a quantitative survey of 148 industry managers. The data was refined through confirmatory factor analysis. The hypotheses were evaluated by regression equations and parameter estimates. The findings were identified by the magnitude of the effect sizes.

Findings

The study’s evidence illuminated how specific components of ICT and KMP impact on particular aspects of innovation. The findings indicate key emerging relationships and then propose a conceptual model validated by the analysis of the survey evidence. The study identifies that investment in ICT and KMP has a positive impact on innovation performance. A particular finding is that information or data capture technologies have the most significant positive consequence for innovation.

Practical implications

The modeling can be used by managers as a guide to mapping ICT and KMP to specific innovation outcomes. In a modified form, it could be applied as a self-assessment instrument for managers in organizations.

Originality/value

This is a valuable addition to current literature, as it is unique in bringing these three key components together, confirming their instrumental impact, and indicating the differentiated investment strategies that can be implemented to achieve specific and unique innovation agendas. In addition, some refined constructs, which were developed as part of this study, provide a pre-tested, validated survey instrument for further research.
Understanding the individual's reactions to the organizational change: a multidimensional approach
Authors: Borges Renata , Quintas Camila Amaro
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The objective of this research is to analyze in a multidimensional perspective the individual responses to organizational change, specifically about the implementation of a new performance evaluation system, investigating some antecedents of the individual reactions to change.

Design/methodology/approach

Companies from the education industry were surveyed, and standardized questionnaires were applied. We obtained a sample size of 386 valid responses. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the measurement model and test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate positive reactions to the organizational change, without ambivalent responses. Employees' cognitive and behavioral reactions are influenced by the individuals' anticipation and past similar organizational change and do not depend on the perceived threat to social work life. The influence of group pressure and organizational readiness on cognitive and behavioral reactions differs in the direction that group pressure affects behaviors but not thoughts, and organizational readiness affects thoughts but not behaviors.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations include the inadequate measures of individuals' emotional reaction, preventing this dimension from being tested.

Originality/value

This research provides theoretical contributions as the literature on organizational change lacks a multidimensional view on individuals' reactions to change. The main contribution of this study is to investigate how each of the individual and organizational antecedents of the employees' responses to the change influences the cognitive and behavioral reactions towards the change employing a multidimensional approach.
Impact of ethics, trust, and optimism on performance
Authors: Hough Christie , Sumlin Cameron , Green Kenneth Wilburn
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically assess the combined impact of the ethical environment, organizational trust and workplace optimism on individual performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A structural model is theorized and data from 250 individuals working for private organizations were analyzed using partial-least-squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

Both the ethical environment and organizational trust positively impact workplace optimism. Of the ethical environment, organizational trust and workplace optimism, only workplace optimism directly impacts individual performance. The impact of the ethical environment and organizational trust on individual performance is indirect through workplace optimism.

Research limitations/implications

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study to assess the combined impact of the ethical environment, organizational trust and workplace optimism on individual performance. It is important to conduct similar studies to verify these findings.

Practical implications

An ethical environment and organizational trust foster high levels of workplace optimism that in turn lead to improved employee performance.

Originality/value

The important role that workplace optimism plays within the ethical climate of organizations is theorized and assessed. This is the first empirical assessment of the mediational role of workplace optimism on the established relationships between ethical environment and individual performance, and organizational trust and individual performance.
Characterization of pharaonic cartonnage from a late period, Saqqara excavations
Authors: Afifi Hala A.M. , Galal Heba Sayed , Ali Hassan Rushdya Rabee
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the pigments, mediums and ground layer used during the late era of ancient Egyptian civilization through the analysis of mummy Cartonnage based on the use of multiple analysis, such as electron microscopy, X-rays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyzed some fragments from a painted cartonnage of a mummy date back to the late period. Light microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR analysis and investigation of the surface morphology by SEM were used to identify the chemical and anatomical structure of cartonnage.

Findings

The results clearly showed use of copper and extracted gold from the veins of the quartz to get the golden pigment, but it is full of voids which were a major cause of the degradation.

Originality/value

The study is the first of its kind on the components of this cartonnage in Saqqara stores.
Biological Flora of the British Isles:Quercus rubra
Authors: Dyderski Marcin K. , Chmura Damian , Dylewski Łukasz , Horodecki Paweł , Jagodziński Andrzej M. , Pietras Marcin , Robakowski Piotr , Woziwoda Beata
Published: April 2020

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology ofQuercus rubraL. (Red Oak, Northern Red Oak; syn.Q. borealis,Q. maxima) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of theBiological Flora of the British Isles:distribution; habitat; communities; responses to biotic factors; responses to environment; structure and physiology; phenology; floral and seed characters; herbivores and disease; history; and conservation.

Quercus rubrais a large deciduous tree native to eastern North America. In its native range this species is one of the most important mid‐successional tree species. Since the 18th centuryQ. rubrahas been introduced into forest management in Europe and elsewhere. Currently,Q. rubrais a naturalized species in 23 countries. It is an important source of wood, and this was one of the most important reasons for its introduction in forests. In forest management this species is valued for its high growth rate and drought resistance. Red Oak is also widely cultivated in Europe for its ornamental value—red leaves in autumn and smooth, grey bark.

Red Oak is a threat to native species within its introduced range as it can alter environmental conditions beneath its canopy, especially by decreasing light availability and litter decomposition rate. Such conditions also contribute to biotic homogenization of the understorey vegetation.Q. rubrais widely dispersed by small mammals and birds, up to 1,500 m from seed sources, thereby increasing its potential invasiveness.

In EuropeQ. rubraseems to be less prone to herbivores and fungi, in contrast to its native range, where it is grazed by ungulates and insects, and infected byPhytophthoraand oak wilt. Due to its higher tolerance to drought than native European oaks,Q. rubrais claimed to be one of the species replacing native trees which are decreasing due to climate warming. However, consideration of all possible consequences is needed in wide‐scale introduction of alien species, such asQ. rubra, due to negative impacts on native ecosystems.
Analysis of very important pharmacogene variants in the Tibetan population from China
Authors: Rong Hao , Dong Hongzhi , He Xue , Yuan Dongya , Bai Mei , Wang Li , Liu Tao , He Yongjun , Zheng Jianwen , Wang Yuhe , Jin Tianbo
Published: April 2020

Personalized medicine, the treatment best suited for an individual, is a hot field of clinical research in the world. Many recent studies have shown that genetic variations have a great influence on the treatment. This study aimed to identify the distribution differences of very important pharmacogene (VIP) variants between the Tibetan population and the other 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes project. Based on the PharmGKB database, we successfully genotyped 50 VIP variants located in 27 genes in the Tibetan population. We also compared the genotype frequencies of VIP variants between Tibetan population and the other 26 populations. Without adjustment, the Chi‐square test showed that the only significant variant between Tibetans and every other group was rs1801159 in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), followed by rs1800566 in NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and rs1051296 in solute carrier family 19 member 1 (SLC19A1). After Bonferroni's multiple adjustments, the genotype frequencies distribution of DPYD rs1801159 was found to be different in Tibetans compared to the other 26 groups, apart from ACB and ASW. Moreover, genetic structure/F‐statistics (Fst) analysis and the phylogenetic tree illustrated that Tibetans had a closer affinity with CDX, CHB, CHS, JPT and KHV. Our data will complement pharmacogenomics information of the Tibetan population and provide theoretical support for the realization of individualized medical treatment for Tibetans in the future.
Nutrition and dietetic students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding food science and technology
Authors: Mohr Alex E. , Mayra Selicia T. , Gnant Lindsay , Basile Anthony J. , Sweazea Karen L.
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes of nutrition and dietetic college students regarding food science and technology. It was designed as a cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered online questionnaire, constructed by a formative research process, including accredited dietetics programs in the United States and Puerto Rico. There were a total of 535 participants consisting of adult (≥18 years old) nutrition and dietetic students (undergraduate, graduate, and dietetic interns). Frequencies and percentages were calculated to describe the study participants. Where appropriate, the Chi‐square test was used to test categorical variables across two or more levels. More than half (55.1%) agreed that they were knowledgeable in food science and technology. Greater than half (56.8%) of the participants indicated that they “occasionally” or “rarely” covered food science and technology topics in their current program and 70.1% either “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that their current curriculum could benefit from adding more related topics. Overall, the majority (66.7%) of respondents indicated their overall impression of the food industry was “poor” or “neutral.” The results support adding/strengthening food science and technology components in nutrition curricula. Such education may provide future nutrition professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively utilize food science and technology within their field.
Effect of aquaporin 1 on mouse peritoneal mesothelial cells after a long‐term peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Wang Ji , Wang Yangwei , Lou Yan , Cui Wenpeng , Zhang Yunfeng , Dong Wenpeng , Sun Jing , Miao Lining
Published: April 2020

Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is one member of the aquaporin family, also the deeply studied one. It is widely located on the endothelial cells, but the effect of AQP1 on the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) after long‐term peritoneal dialysis (PD) has not been reported before. We divided normal mice into two groups, control group and dialysis group, to confirm the fibrotic changes and expression of APQ1 on peritoneal mesothelial cells. Then we assigned normal mice and AQP1 knockout mice into four groups: Control group, normal dialysis group, AQP1 knockout control group and AQP1 knockout dialysis group. The two dialysis groups received 4.25% glucose dialysis for 28 days. We found that mice in both dialysis groups showed peritoneal fibrotic changes, which were most severe in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group; the peritoneal thickness in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group was also thicker than that in the dialysis group (P < .05). We used electron microscopy to detect ultrastructural changes and observed changes in microvilli and vacuolar degeneration in mesothelial cells from all groups except the control group. The basement membranes were damaged in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group, and peritoneal mesothelial cells were disrupted and detached in this group. Together our findings indicate that AQP1 plays an important role in maintaining the physiological functions of peritoneal mesothelial cells, and AQP1 can protect mesothelial cells during dialysis.
Sinonasal carcinomas – A single‐centre experience at Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia, from 1994 to 2016
Authors: Wong Daniel Jiahao , Smee Robert Ian
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Sinonasal carcinomas (SNCs) are rare neoplasms that are often diagnosed at advanced stages due to asymptomatic growth of tumours in the spaces of the sinonasal complex. Treatment is associated with high morbidity, and outcomes have only improved slightly in the past few decades despite advancements in treatment modalities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment at our institution.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analysed patients who received definitive treatment at the Prince of Wales Hospital (POWH), Sydney, for non‐metastatic SNC. Patients with non‐carcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma pathology were excluded. Data were collected from the POWH electronic patient database. Survival functions were calculated through Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate analysis for prognostic factors was performed through Cox regression.

Results

Seventy‐five patients from 1994 to 2016 were eligible for analysis. Overall 5‐year local control (LC), ultimate local control (ULC), overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were 76 ± 6%, 80 ± 5%, 69 ± 6% and 77 ± 5%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, clinical stage was prognostic for LC and primary site was prognostic for OS and CSS. Lymphovascular invasion and tumour inoperability were also predictive of CSS.

Conclusion

Survival and local control rates at our centre were greater than those reported in the literature. Early‐stage patients treated with surgery alone had excellent oncologic outcomes. Radical surgery with postoperative radiation provides the best outcome in the setting of advanced disease.
Association between density of gaming venues in a geographical area and prevalence of insolvency: longitudinal evidence from Australia
Authors: Badji Samia , Black Nicole , Johnston David W.
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

Problem gambling can lead to a myriad of harmful consequences, including unmanageable amounts of debt and serious financial problems. The aim of this study was to examine whether changes in the number of electronic gaming machine (EGM) venues within a local area (due to venue openings and closings) are associated with changes in the rates of serious financial problems.

Design

Area‐level longitudinal multivariate regressions controlling for possible confounders (fixed and time‐varying local area characteristics).

Setting

Australia's three largest states (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland), during the period 2011–18.

Participants

A total of 225 local areas (Statistical Area 3 level) within the three states.

Measurements

Serious financial problems were measured by administrative data on total number of personal insolvencies (bankruptcies, debt agreements and insolvency agreements) in each local area per annum. The number of EGM venues in each local area was the regressor of primary interest. Area‐level covariates included the number of non‐gaming pubs and clubs, unemployment rate, population count, local area dummies, local area linear time trends and a separate set of state dummies for each year.

Findings

A one‐venue decrease over time within a local area decreased the number of personal insolvencies by 1.8 per year [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4–3.2]. The result is robust to alternative specifications, including allowing for geographical spillovers (β = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.7–3.7), temporal lagged effects (β = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.6–2.8) and the spatial variability of venues within areas (β = 2.7, 95% CI = 0.9–4.5).

Conclusions

There is a positive association between the number of gaming venues in a local geographic area and the number of personal insolvencies in that area. Reducing the number or accessibility of gaming venues could help to reduce financial harms associated with problem gambling.
Editorial: low population mortality from COVID‐19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity
Authors: Rhodes Jonathan M. , Subramanian Sreedhar , Laird Eamon , Kenny Rose A.
Published: April 2020

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Al‐Ani et al and Garg et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15779 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15796.
Exposure–response relationships of dapagliflozin on cardiorenal risk markers and adverse events: A pooled analysis of 13 phase II/III trials
Authors: Koomen Jeroen V. , Stevens Jasper , Heerspink Hiddo J.L.
Published: April 2020

Aims

Dapagliflozin is a sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor that has been developed as oral glucose lowering drug. The original dosefinding studies focused on optimal glycaemic effects. However, dapagliflozin also affects various cardiorenal risk markers and provides cardiorenal protection. To evaluate whether the currently registered doses of 5 and 10 mg are optimal for cardiorenal efficacy and safety, we characterized the relationship between dapagliflozin exposure and nonglycaemic cardiorenal risk markers as well as adverse events.

Methods

Data were obtained from a pooled database of 13 24‐week randomized controlled clinical trials of the clinical development programme of dapagliflozin. The exposure–response relationship was quantified using population pharmacodynamic and repeated time‐to‐event models.

Results

A dose of 10 mg dapagliflozin resulted in an average individual exposure of 638 ng h/mL (95% prediction interval [PI]: 354–1061 ng h/mL), which translated to 71.2% (95% PI: 57.9–80.5%), 61.1% (95% PI: 58.0–64.8%), 91.3% (95% PI: 85.4–94.6%) and 25.7% (95% PI: 23.5–28.3%) of its estimated maximum effect for fasting plasma glucose, haematocrit, serum creatinine and urinary albumin–creatinine ratio, respectively.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that doses higher than 10 mg could provide additional beneficial effects in haematocrit, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin–creatinine ratio and uric acid, without obvious increases in the rate of adverse events. These results raise the question whether future outcome studies assessing the benefits of higher than currently registered dapagliflozin doses are merited.
Pharmacokinetic interactions between clozapine and sertraline in smokers and non‐smokers
Authors: Kuzin Maxim , Schoretsanitis Georgios , Haen Ekkehard , Ridders Florian , Hiemke Christoph , Gründer Gerhard , Paulzen Michael
Published: April 2020

Clozapine is an effective antipsychotic drug for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. Sertraline is a widely prescribed antidepressant and often concomitantly applied to address negative symptoms or depression. However, data on interactions between clozapine and sertraline are inconsistent. The aim of our study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic interactions between clozapine and sertraline analysing a therapeutic drug monitoring database of 1644 clozapine‐medicated patients. We compared four groups: non‐smokers (n = 250) and smokers (n = 326) with co‐medication without known effects on cytochrome P450 and without sertraline, and non‐smokers (n = 18) and smokers (n = 17) with sertraline co‐medication. Measured and dose‐corrected concentrations (C/D) of clozapine were compared between the groups using non‐parametrical tests with a significance level of 0.05. Post hoc analyses included pairwise comparisons to account for smoking status. Although we detected significant differences for clozapine levels and C/D values between study groups (P < .001 for Kruskal‐Wallis test in both cases), post hoc analyses revealed no differences for concentrations and C/D values of clozapine (P > .05 for Mann‐Whitney U test in both cases). A negative correlation between the sertraline dose and the clozapine concentration was found in non‐smokers (Spearman's rank correlation, rs = −0.535, P = .048). A potential pharmacokinetic interaction between clozapine and a standard therapeutic sertraline dose seems to be of minor clinical importance.
Deficit of circulating CD19+CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells in severe aplastic anaemia
Authors: Zaimoku Yoshitaka , Patel Bhavisha A. , Kajigaya Sachiko , Feng Xingmin , Alemu Lemlem , Quinones Raffo Diego , Groarke Emma M. , Young Neal S.
Published: April 2020

Immune aplastic anaemia (AA) is caused by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that destroy haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Enhanced type 1 T helper (Th1) responses and reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the immune pathophysiology. CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells (Bregs) suppress CTLs and Th1 responses, and induce Tregs via interleukin 10 (IL‐10). We investigated circulating B‐cell subpopulations, including CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, as well as total B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in 104 untreated patients with severe and very severe AA, aged ≥18 years. All patients were treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy (IST) plus eltrombopag. CD24hiCD38hi Bregs were markedly reduced in patients with AA compared to healthy individuals, especially in very severe AA, but residual Bregs remained functional, capable of producing IL‐10; total B‐cell counts and the other B‐cell subpopulations were similar to those of healthy individuals. CD24hiCD38hi Bregs did not correlate with responses to IST, and they recovered to levels present in healthy individuals after therapy. Mature naïve B‐cell counts were unexpectedly associated with IST response. Markedly reduced CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, especially in very severe AA, with recovery after IST suggest Breg deficits may contribute to the pathophysiology of immune AA.
cIMPACT‐NOW update 6: new entity and diagnostic principle recommendations of the cIMPACT‐Utrecht meeting on future CNS tumor classification and grading
Authors: Louis David N. , Wesseling Pieter , Aldape Kenneth , Brat Daniel J. , Capper David , Cree Ian A. , Eberhart Charles , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Fouladi Maryam , Fuller Gregory N. , Giannini Caterina , Haberler Christine , Hawkins Cynthia , Komori Takashi , Kros Johan M. , Ng HK , Orr Brent A. , Park Sung‐Hye , Paulus Werner , Perry Arie , Pietsch Torsten , Reifenberger Guido , Rosenblum Marc , Rous Brian , Sahm Felix , Sarkar Chitra , Solomon David A. , Tabori Uri , van den Bent Martin J. , von Deimling Andreas , Weller Michael , White Valerie A. , Ellison David W.
Published: April 2020

cIMPACT‐NOW (the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy) was established to evaluate and make practical recommendations on recent advances in the field of CNS tumor classification, particularly in light of the rapid progress in molecular insights into these neoplasms. For Round 2 of its deliberations, cIMPACT‐NOW Working Committee 3 was reconstituted and convened in Utrecht, The Netherlands, for a meeting designed to review putative new CNS tumor types in advance of any future World Health Organization meeting on CNS tumor classification. In preparatory activities for the meeting and at the actual meeting, a list of possible entities was assembled and each type and subtype debated. Working Committee 3 recommended that a substantial number of newly recognized types and subtypes should be considered for inclusion in future CNS tumor classifications. In addition, the group endorsed a number of principles—relating to classification categories, approaches to classification, nomenclature, and grading—that the group hopes will also inform the future classification of CNS neoplasms.
The role of nocturnal omnivorous lemurs as seed dispersers in Malagasy rain forests
Authors: Ramananjato Veronarindra , Rakotomalala Zafimahery , Park Daniel S. , DeSisto Camille M. M. , Raoelinjanakolona Nancia N. , Guthrie Nicola K. , Fenosoa Zo E. S. , Jonhson Steig E. , Razafindratsima Onja H.
Published: April 2020

Fruit‐eating animals play important roles as seed dispersal agents in terrestrial systems. Yet, the extent to which seed dispersal by nocturnal omnivores may facilitate germination and the recruitment of plant communities has rarely been investigated. Characterizing their roles in seed dispersal is necessary to provide a more complete picture of how seed dispersal processes affect ecosystem functioning. We investigated the roles and impacts of two species of nocturnal omnivorous lemur species, Microcebus jollyae and M. rufus, on seed dispersal in Madagascar's rain forests, through analysis of fecal samples and germination experiments. Data show that these lemur species, which are among the world's smallest primates, dispersed 22 plant species from various forest strata and that the defecated seeds germinated faster and at higher rates than control seeds for the eight plant species we tested. Even though mouse lemurs dispersed both native and non‐native plant species, non‐native plant species represented a relatively small proportion (17%). These results demonstrate that overlooked nocturnal omnivores can act as important seed dispersers, which may have critical implications for forest regeneration and the maintenance of plant diversity in fragmented/degraded forests. Finally, we provide critical insights into the previously unobserved behavior and diet of endangered nocturnal lemurs for their effective conservation.

Abstract in Malagasy is available with online material.
iStent inject trabecular micro‐bypass stents with topical prostaglandin as standalone treatment for open‐angle glaucoma: 4‐year outcomes
Authors: Berdahl John , Voskanyan Lilit , Myers Jonathan S. , Katz L. Jay , Samuelson Thomas W.
Published: April 2020

Importance

Long‐term data are needed regarding effective and safe glaucoma treatment modalities.

Background

This study evaluated 4‐year outcomes of second‐generation trabecular micro‐bypass stent implantation (iStent inject) combined with topical travoprost in open‐angle glaucoma (OAG).

Design

Prospective, non‐randomized, multi‐surgeon study at a tertiary care ophthalmology centre.

Participants

OAG subjects with preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) 18 to 30 mmHg on two medications and 22 to 38 mmHg post‐washout.

Methods

Subjects (n = 53) underwent standalone iStent inject implantation and started travoprost on postoperative Day 1. Measures included IOP, medications, comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and testing, and adverse events (AEs). Annual medication washouts were performed.

Main Outcome Measures

Mean medicated and unmedicated IOP; and proportions of eyes with IOP ≤18mmHg, ≤15 mmHg, or ≥20% reduced while on travoprost vs screening IOP on two medications.

Results

At 48 months postoperative, 85% of eyes reduced IOP ≥20% on travoprost vs screening IOP on 2 medications; 92% of eyes had IOP ≤18 mmHg on travoprost; and 83% had IOP ≤15 mmHg on travoprost. At Month 49 (post‐washout), 90% of eyes reduced IOP ≥20% vs preoperative washout IOP. Throughout follow‐up, mean IOP on travoprost was 11.9 to 13.0 mmHg (34%‐40% reduced vs 19.7 mmHg on 2 medications preoperatively; P < .0001 throughout), and post‐washout IOP was 16.5 to 17.7 mmHg (28%‐34% reduced vs 24.9 mmHg preoperatively; P < .0001 throughout). Favourable safety included minimal AEs; stable visual acuity, cup‐to‐disc ratio and visual fields; and no secondary surgeries.

Conclusions and Relevance

Combining iStent inject implantation with topical prostaglandin produced significant and safe 4‐year IOP and medication reductions in OAG.
Interface dermatitis as an indicator of hepatic involvement in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)
Authors: Sasidharanpillai Sarita , Govindan Aparna , Ajithkumar Kidangazhiathmana , Chathoth Anuradha Thalian , Khader Anza , Reena Mariyath Olassery Kalathingal , Farsha Ruba , Sherin Najiya , David Effeena Merin
Published: April 2020

Background

There are conflicting reports on the association between interface dermatitis and hepatic involvement in DRESS.

Methods

A cross‐sectional analysis of the clinical and the histopathologic features of DRESS was performed to study the association between the histopathology of the skin rash and hepatic involvement.

Results

The clinical and the histopathologic findings were evaluated in 40 cases of DRESS. Thirty patients (75%) had a hepatic involvement. Thirty (75%) biopsy specimens showed a combination of different inflammatory patterns. The interface dermatitis was noted in 24 specimens (60%). Twenty‐one patients with the interface dermatitis had a hepatic involvement (P= .04).

Conclusions

The skin rash of DRESS often shows the coexistence of different inflammatory patterns. The interface dermatitis showed a statistically significant association with the hepatic involvement in DRESS.
Stage‐related PD‐L1 expression in Kaposi sarcoma tumor microenvironment
Authors: Joest Beatrice , Kempf Werner , Berisha Arbeneshe , Peyk Peter , Tronnier Michael , Mitteldorf Christina
Published: April 2020

Background

The immune checkpoint molecule PD‐L1 represents an important target in oncological immune therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate PD‐L1 expression and the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in Kaposi sarcoma.

Methods

Immunohistochemical stains were performed for PD‐L1, CD3, CD33, CD68, and CD168 in 24 Kaposi sarcoma samples. In PD‐L1‐positive cases, the double stains for PD‐L1, CD31, podoplanin, and HHV8 were added.

Results

PD‐L1 was observed in 71% of the samples and was predominantly located in the TME. PD‐L1 expression was significantly higher in nodular stage than in patch/plaque stage. The TME consisted of CD68+/CD163+ macrophages, CD33+ myloid‐derived suppressor cells and monocytes and CD3+ T‐cells. The TME showed a peritumoral distribution in nodular stage, in contrast to a diffuse distribution in patch/plaque stage. In 12 samples (50%), no plasma cells were found.

Conclusion

In nodular stage of KS, the TME is pushed back in the periphery of the tumor nodules. The PD‐L1‐positive TME between the tumor cells might protect them from the immune attack. An anti‐PD‐L1 treatment might be promising in KS patients.
The AMP‐activated protein kinase modulates hypothermia‐induced J wave
Authors: Wu Cheng‐I , Lu Yen‐Yu , Chen, Yao‐Chang , Lin Feng‐Zhi , Huang Jen‐Hung , Lin Yung‐Kuo , Higa Satoshi , Chan Chao‐Shun , Liu Chih‐Min , Chen Shih‐Ann , Chen Yi‐Jen
Published: April 2020

Background

The mechanism underlying the occurrence of the J wave in low temperature remains unclear. However, low temperature is associated with metabolic disorder and 5' AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which modulates ionic currents and cardiac metabolism. This study investigated whether AMPK regulation can modulate the occurrence of the J wave at low temperature.

Methods

Unipolar and bipolar leads were used to record monophasic action potential (the endocardium and epicardium) and pseudo‐electrocardiograms (inferior leads) to study the cardiac electrical activity. Measurements were taken in isolated Langendorff rabbit hearts at both 30℃ and 37℃ before and after administration of 4‐aminopyridine (an ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium current inhibitor, IKur, 50 µmol L−1), PF06409577 (an AMPK activator, 1 µmol L−1), compound C (an AMPK inhibitor, 10 µmol L−1) and glibenclamide (an ATP‐sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel inhibitor, IKATP, 20 µmol L−1).

Results

The amplitude of the J wave (2.46 ± 0.34 mV vs. 1.11 ± 0.23 mV, P < .01) at 30℃ (n = 15) was larger than that at 37℃ (n = 15). PF06409577 (1 µmol L−1) increased the J waves at both 30℃ and 37℃. In contrast, compound C (10 µmol L−1) reduced J wave at both 37℃ and 30℃. Low‐temperature‐induced J waves were individually suppressed by 4‐AP (50 µmol L−1) and glibenclamide (20 µmol L−1).

Conclusions

AMPK inhibition reduces low‐temperature‐induced J waves and possible ventricular arrhythmogenesis by modulating IKATP and IKur channels.
The fourfold relation between the essence of money, inflation, bubbles and debt—A theoretical macrofounded analysis
Authors: Beretta Edoardo
Published: April 2020

The paper makes an unprecedented claim by identifying a significant relationship between money's (immaterial and intrinsic‐worth‐detached) essence and the measurement of inflation rates, on the one hand, and bubbles and private/public indebtedness, on the other hand. The inflationary potential of cryptocurrencies—among others: xenocurrencies and special drawing rights—is also analysed. Another added value is the consistently macroeconomic approach, which starts from the structural and interconnected mechanisms and then explains economic‐financial crises and their increasingly common features.
How to build a factor portfolio: Does the allocation strategy matter?
Authors: Dichtl Hubert , Drobetz Wolfgang , Wendt Viktoria‐Sophie
Published: April 2020

Factor‐based allocation embraces the idea of factors, as opposed to asset classes, as the ultimate building blocks of investment portfolios. We examine whether there is a superior way of combining factors in a portfolio and provide a comparison of factor‐based allocation strategies within a multiple testing framework. Factor‐based allocation is profitable beyond exploiting genuine risk premia, even when applying multiple testing corrections. Investment portfolios can be efficiently diversified using factor‐based allocation strategies, as demonstrated by robust economic performance over various economic scenarios. The naïve equally weighted factor portfolio, albeit simple and cost‐efficient, cannot be outperformed by more sophisticated allocation strategies.
Divorce Ambivalence and Reasons for Divorce in Iran
Authors: Doherty William J. , Kalantar Seyed Mohammad , Tarsafi Mahdieh
Published: April 2020

This study examined divorce attitudes and reasons for divorce in Iran, a nation experiencing a rapid increase in divorce. Using instruments translated into Farsi with a sample of 230 Iranian spouses filing for divorce, we found a preponderance of common relational reasons for divorce (such as growing apart and not getting enough attention), along with high rates of interpersonal violence reported by wives. Study participants showed considerable rates of divorce ambivalence, along with openness to reconciliation services. The findings were compared with similar studies of the United States spouses in the divorce process. Clinical implications include a careful approach to considering how discernment counseling might be adapted to the cultural situation of Iran, and particularly the special concerns of Iranian women.
A review on the environmental degradation effects on fatigue behaviour of adhesively bonded joints
Authors: Ramírez Francis M.G. , de Moura Marcelo F.S.F. , Moreira Raul D.F. , Silva Filipe G.A.
Published: April 2020

The structural applications of adhesively bonded joints on transportation industries have been increasing, and it is expected that this rising trend persists in the future. The appropriate design of these joints should address two main issues: fatigue behaviour and environmental effects. Environmental effects consist of the degradation of the bonded joints by means of harmful influence of temperature, moisture or both simultaneously. These effects can have an impact on the fatigue behaviour of bonded joints because they influence the quality of the bonding. The combination of environmental effects and fatigue lead to synergetic consequences resulting in premature and unpredictable rupture, which transforms these issues into relevant and actual research topics. The present paper describes the most recent works addressing the referred subjects. Experimental works and analytical/numerical approaches are also described aiming to give a picture of the real state‐of‐the‐art. Actual limitations and perspectives of future evolution are also discussed.
A novel method reveals how channel retentiveness and stocks of detritus (CPOM) vary among streams differing in bed roughness
Authors: Bovill William D. , Downes Barbara J. , Lake P. S.
Published: April 2020

Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) is a fundamental resource in freshwater streams, providing food, shelter and habitat for diverse invertebrate taxa and playing a key role in metabolism in low‐order streams. Benthic CPOM stocks are determined by rates of supply and breakdown of detritus and by channel retentiveness (i.e. the capacity for the channel to trap and retain CPOM). We focussed on factors affecting the retentiveness of channels, which theoretically differs among streams with different sediment sizes and concomitant channel morphology.

We developed a new, rapid method to measure retentiveness using line‐intercept surveys along transects. With this rapid approach, we surveyed 32 sites from three types of streams (smooth sandy channels, n = 10; gravel channels of intermediate roughness, n = 12; rough cobble channels, n = 10) in Victoria, south‐eastern Australia, and tested the simple hypotheses that: (1) retentiveness increases in channels with increasing channel roughness (i.e. sandy versus gravel versus cobble‐bed streams); (2) different types of channel features (e.g. log jams, cobbles, depositional areas) differ in the efficiency with which they retain CPOM. The line‐intercept survey method was readily adapted to measure retentiveness as m of retentive structure per m of transect (i.e. the Linear Coverage Index) and trapping efficiency as m of CPOM per m of retentive element, for 10 different types of retentive elements.

Unexpectedly, the retentiveness of channels did not increase with channel roughness. This occurred because channels with different roughness were dominated by different types of retentive structure. Retentive structure in cobble sites was dominated by cobbles themselves, which were highly retentive in other studies but poorly retentive in our system. Gravel and sand sites had more log jams and depositional areas, such as pools and backwaters, and these features were more effective at trapping CPOM. Thus, retention of CPOM was highest in gravel and sand sites.

Our method provides a new tool for investigators testing hypotheses about CPOM retention in streams. The method is rapid, requires a minimum of equipment and personnel, and may be applied in any wadeable stream. Retentiveness is calculated in intuitive units that are directly comparable among sites and may have utility as variables in models of CPOM dynamics. We hope this method will open up new avenues for research that may shed light on how CPOM stocks vary among streams, with implications for diversity of aquatic fauna and ecosystem functions such as decomposition.
Knee haemophilic arthropathy care in Chile: Midterm outcomes and complications after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Oyarzun Andrés , Barrientos Cristian , Barahona Maximiliano , Martinez Álvaro , Soto‐Arellano Verónica , Courtin Carolina , Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can improve knee function in the general population, but challenges arise for TKA use in haemophilic patients (HPs).

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the midterm clinical experience of a single medical centre in TKA in HPs.

Methods

We performed a case series of consecutive TKAs from 2007 to 2013 in HPs. All patients received coagulation factor supplementation according to the institutional protocol. Surgery was performed without a tourniquet by a standard midline medial parapatellar approach. We compared the range of motion (ROM) and flexion contracture before surgery and 1‐year postoperative using paired Wilcoxon‐non‐parametric test (P < .05 was considered significant). The need for revision surgery was considered TKA survival failure.

Results

Forty‐one HP/60 TKAs were reviewed (19 cases were bilateral). Preoperative median ROM and flexion contracture was 75° (range, 0°‐95°) and 20° (range, 5°‐80°), respectively. The postoperative median ROM increased to 83° (range, 45°‐110°), and median flexion contracture decrease to 0° (range, 0°‐40°) a statistically significant difference (P < .01). Postoperative median clinical Knee Society Score (KSS) and functional KSS were 88 (range, 59‐97) and 100 (range, 30‐100), respectively. Six patients required revision (6.66%) due to infection. TKA survival at 5 years was 92% (range, 82%‐96%).

Conclusion

This study supports that TKA improves function and ROM in haemophilic knee arthropathy. The protocol of coagulation factors used in this cohort is valid as no related complications were reported. A higher incidence of complications, especially infections, must be expected compared with a TKA in non‐HPs.
Structural and physicochemical properties of soya bean protein isolate/maltodextrin mixture and glycosylation conjugates
Authors: Zhao Chengbin , Yin Huanhuan , Yan Jiannan , Qi Baokun , Liu Jingsheng
Published: April 2020

The effect of mixture and conjugation with maltodextrin (MD) in aqueous solution on the structural and physicochemical properties of soya bean protein isolate (SPI) was investigated. Although the mixing of MD would not change the distribution of secondary structure and tertiary conformation of SPI, the protein aggregation was promoted through hydrophobic interaction, which resulted in the decrease in solubility and the improvement of gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) of SPI/MD mixture. However, glycosylation decreased α‐helix and increased β‐structure. The bathochromic shift of the fluorescence emission maximum wavelength for SPI/MD conjugates was promoted, resulting in less compact tertiary conformation. These structural modifications might be the reason for the changes in the physicochemical properties of conjugates. After glycosylation, the surface hydrophobicity and solubility were increased, the average particle size was decreased, and the gelation properties were weakened including gel strength and WHC.