bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secret des origines, secret de famille
Authors: Frey Nicole
Published: May 2018

Psychiatre, attaché consultant auprès de la pédiatrie en tant que psychothérapeute, cet article présente trois « vignettes cliniques » d’enfants qui sont dirigés par trois interlocuteurs différents : pédiatre, école, famille. Les difficultés banales – scolaires au premier abord – révèlent un point commun : un secret de famille ou des origines. Il s’agit ici d’accueillir l’ingéniosité et la créativité des enfants, la révélation des parents à propos d’une épreuve, d’un traumatisme transgénérationnel : adoption, deuil, perte…, et de soutenir l’élaboration des émotions en lien avec les révélations pouvant profiter à la représentation et à la reprise de la dynamique des développements de l’enfant.
Les rôles des acteurs dans la formation et le développement du crowdlending : analyse des liens et échanges sociaux
Authors: Duran Nathalie
Published: May 2018

Le crowdlending est une forme de financement participatif qui permet aux entreprises d’emprunter auprès de la foule par le biais d’une plateforme sur internet. Nous explorons les communautés de prêt et le rôle des acteurs par une recherche qualitative qui s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs et une netnographie. Les résultats soulignent les opportunités du crowdlending sur le développement de l’économie et relèvent l’importance de la réciprocité dans cette communauté digitale de prêt qui dépasse l’aspect strictement financier. Codes JEL : G23, G32
Motivations et apports du crowdlending , un financement innovant : le cas de deux franchiseurs
Authors: de la Pallière Nadine , Goullet Catherine
Published: May 2018

Les têtes de réseaux français de franchise, dénommées franchiseurs, sont en grande partie des PME, qui mènent à bien des stratégies, nécessitant des fonds dont le financement n’est pas systématiquement assuré par les banques et les capital-investisseurs. Ils cherchent donc à diversifier leurs sources de financement. Le crowdlending, financement participatif, apparu en 2014, offre de nouvelles perspectives. L’objet de ce papier est d’étudier les motivations et le processus de financement par crowdlending des têtes de réseaux en s’interrogeant sur le caractère complémentaire et les apports additionnels non financiers de ce nouveau mode de financement. Deux études de cas exploratoires portant sur deux réseaux de franchise ont montré que le crowdlending est bien une source de financement complémentaire, en ce qu’il permet de pallier les insuffisances, entre autres, du financement bancaire, et aussi un outil de développement des réseaux de franchise notamment par la communication qu’il engendre. Codes JEL : G32, L14, L21
Quelles sont les caractéristiques des crowdfunders dans le secteur du luxe ? L’apport de la théorie de la diffusion des innovations
Authors: Trespeuch Léo , Robinot Élisabeth , Valette-Florence Pierre
Published: May 2018

Avec la difficulté d’isoler les participants aux campagnes de crowdfunding , une importante question continue d’alimenter les controverses : Quelles sont les caractéristiques (traits de personnalité, motivations, profils socio-économiques) des crowdfunders (participants aux campagnes de crowdfunding)  ? Cette recherche basée sur 6 communautés virtuelles d’internautes réunies autour de projets innovants en horlogerie permet de confirmer et compléter le profil des crowdfunders et, par voie de conséquence, des innovateurs. Les résultats mettent en avant : la recherche de primauté (faire partie des premiers adopteurs), d’avantages particuliers et l’altruisme comme déterminants à l’adoption d’innovation. Les préconisations managériales sont proposées. Codes JEL : G2, O35, L6
Crowdfunding : les trajectoires du succès… ou de l’échec
Authors: Corbel Pascal , Charreire-Petit Sandra , Dubocage Emmanuelle
Published: May 2018

Notre recherche porte sur l’analyse des types de trajectoires que peut suivre le montant de la collecte lors de campagne de crowfunding . 226 projets de crowdfunding ont été suivis sur la plateforme KissKissBankbank, en relevant, chaque jour, les sommes collectées et en portant une attention particulière au début de campagne. Les résultats de notre recherche montrent très clairement que les premiers jours sont déterminants pour le succès ou l’échec final d’une collecte et que les dynamiques de succès et d’échec s’infléchissent rarement. Ceci nous conduit à une série de propositions et à insister sur deux pistes de prolongement de cette recherche, l’une théorique autour du concept de légitimité et l’autre empirique en préconisant une analyse approfondie des phases de précampagne. Codes JEL : M13
Les déterminants du crowdfunding hors ligne : une étude empirique sur les entrepreneurs et investisseurs potentiels à Bukavu
Authors: Balemba Kanyurhi Eddy , Bashige Bucekuderhwa Célestin , Labii Kadurha Heureuse
Published: May 2018

Cette étude est consacrée aux déterminants du crowdfunding hors ligne. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 231 entrepreneurs et investisseurs potentiels à Bukavu en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Le traitement des données a été obtenu en recourant aux régressions logit et par intervalle. Les résultats montrent que la participation et l’investissement au crowdfunding hors ligne sont influencés à la fois par des variables socioéconomiques, institutionnelles et comportementales. Les résultats confirment qu’un crowdfunding hors ligne peut émerger en RDC. Un tel programme constituerait une alternative aux contraintes de financement auxquelles sont confrontés les ménages et les entrepreneurs de la RDC. Codes JEL : G21, G23
Innovations sociales spontanées : mécanismes de contrôle émergents dans le crowdfunding
Authors: Chaboud Mathieu-Claude , Biot-Paquerot Guillaume , Pourchet Alexandre
Published: May 2018

Cet article a pour objectif de discuter des mécanismes de contrôle en œuvre dans les projets de crowdfunding et des innovations sociales spontanées qui en résultent. Les mécanismes de régulation issus des théories du contrôle semblent ici inopérants du fait de la faible implication financière des communautés de pourvoyeurs de ressources, de leur manque d’accès à l’information pertinente, et de leur atomicité. Ces mécanismes traditionnels sont remplacés par des innovations spontanées en termes de normes, de comportements, et d’institutions sociales émergentes, qui doivent être efficaces tout en garantissant la génération d’un capital social permettant la réussite des projets. Cet article aborde le phénomène de crowdfunding par les concepts issus du courant néo-institutionnaliste étendu au travers en particulier de la notion de travail institutionnel. Cette exploration nous conduit à proposer une grille de lecture de l’action des parties prenantes du crowdfunding au travers du prisme liant capital social et travail institutionnel. Codes JEL : G39, M14, G21, O16
Le modèle du théâtre chez Descartes
Authors: Guenancia Pierre
Published: May 2018

Descartes n’a pas fait de réflexion sur le théâtre en tant qu’art, mais il s’est souvent référé au théâtre comme paradigme d’un possible rapport de l’homme avec ses passions. La position de spectateur nous permet d’assister à des événements qui sont des représentations et à y prendre part fictivement sans en subir les effets ordinairement produits par les passions lorsqu’elles sont directement vécues et non pas seulement jouées ou représentées. Le théâtre n’a pas de signification métaphysique, il n’est pas le symbole ou l’image du monde, il sert seulement de modèle ou d’exemple d’un rapport aux passions qui peut être intense, quelquefois même plus intense que dans la réalité mais, gardant la distance inhérente au fait d’assister à un spectacle, préserve l’intérieur de l’âme, c’est-à-dire sa liberté. Le théâtre (mais aussi la lecture des romans) exemplifie la possibilité, essentielle dans la morale cartésienne, de convertir des passions en émotions intérieures, sans recourir à des règles ou à une discipline, simplement en se mettant dans la position de spectateur. Ainsi « voir représenter » des passions sur une scène montre aussi qu’il est possible à tout un chacun de jouer avec ses passions, d’instaurer un rapport stratégique avec soi-même, sans réduction ou répression de l’affectivité et sans qu’une partie de l’âme ait la charge de dominer les autres. Si la philosophie de Descartes n’a rien à dire sur le théâtre comme activité spécifique, la présence du théâtre (et autres jeux ou fictions) dans les activités humaines peut servir d’illustration de la façon dont le sujet cartésien étend à la vie passionnelle la relation de représentation qui caractérise le rapport de l’esprit aux idées de toutes les autres choses, y compris à l’idée de lui-même. Le sujet ressent le plaisir d’éprouver ses passions comme s’il était au théâtre mais ne se donne pas lui-même en spectacle.
La représentation chez Diderot
Authors: de Fontenay Élisabeth
Published: May 2018

Les pièces de Diderot, ses Entretiens au sujet du drame Le Fils naturel et la théâtralité inhérente à ses récits provoquent une confrontation qu’on peut qualifier de pré-révolutionnaire entre une nouvelle esthétique de la scène et la crise des mœurs. Elle se résoudra par l’établissement du code civil. Cet article tente de montrer la pertinence diderotienne d’un mot de Tocqueville : « Si vous voulez juger d’avance la littérature d’un peuple qui tourne à la démocratie, étudiez son théâtre. »
Heidegger et le logos apophantikos . Herméneutique du langage ordinaire
Authors: Slama Paul
Published: May 2018

On présente ici l’herméneutique de Martin Heidegger. On montre qu’elle n’est pas seulement un plan qui sous-tend le langage propositionnel et qui en fonde la structure, mais qu’on peut aussi la déceler sur le plan des propositions ordinaires. Car une proposition ordinaire n’a pas une signification théorique qui reposerait sur un plan pratique où l’on comprendrait les outils autour de nous avant de les dire ; elle possède elle aussi un rapport pratique aux outils, et immédiatement. Dire « les fleurs sont belles », ce n’est pas leur attribuer théoriquement la qualité « beauté », mais c’est pratiquer d’une certaine façon un contexte (une balade dans un jardin, la visite d’un jardin botanique…) et inscrire la phrase dans ce contexte. Dès lors se pose à une telle approche phénoménologique de la proposition la question de savoir ce qui vient normer nos pratiques linguistiques. On pense du même coup, au moyen de quelques indications de Heidegger, les normes sociales, propres à notre culture, qui déterminent et contraignent la signification de nos phrases. Ainsi, la phénoménologie pensée comme herméneutique s’associe à la philosophie des normes pour décrire le langage ordinaire.
Designing from cinema: Film as trigger of the creative process in architecture
Authors: Bergera Iñaki
Published: May 2018

The present paper examines, in a case study format, the use of films, short films and audiovisual documentaries as reasoning and references for design assignments during the first years of an architectural degree course. The aim of this fruitful and comparable experience is not so much to study and verify the well-known synergies between film and architecture, but to emphasize the methodological importance of endowing students in their first experience of design projects with realistic and feasible support – through visual references – that can increase their awareness of the desire for realism to which every project aspires. Project simulacrum finds an ally in the realistic fiction present in film. The association between film and architecture is thus placed at the service of learning and design methodology, as a means, not as an end.
From the theory to practice: Five years of urban regeneration workshops
Authors: Bambó-Naya Raimundo , De la Cal-Nicolás Pablo , Díez-Medina Carmen , García-Pérez Sergio , Monclús-Fraga Javier
Published: May 2018

The aim of this communication is to present the experience of four academic courses in the subject of Integrated Urban and Landscape Design, taught in the framework of the Master in Architecture of the School of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Zaragoza. It addresses urban regeneration interventions in vulnerable areas of the consolidated city with approaches to teaching innovation in the academic field and in the topic of user participation.The workshop methodology is explained in detail, paying more attention to the process followed than to the specific results of the workshop. The different stages of the process are presented: previous phase and selection of the study area, phase of analysis and diagnosis, phase of proposals, where a joint work is carried out with vision of action in the whole of the neighbourhood, and phase of presentation of the results to the Neighbours. Finally, some future challenges of this workshop are outlined.
Wildfires in Portugal
Authors: Viegas Domingos Xavier
Published: May 2018

In 2017 Portugal was devastated by forest fires that destroyed more than 500 thousand hectares and claimed at least 112 lives. The country was plagued with a severe drought that raised the risk of fire and was caught by two prominent episodes of extreme conditions: one in mid-June and another in mid-October that caused the greatest damages.
Technical Note: Syringe Cell for Electrochemical Testing
Authors: Panindre A.M. , Chang K.H. , Weirich T. , Frankel G.S.
Published: May 2018

A very simple electrochemical cell for corrosion experiments has been developed using a syringe as the cell with the syringe plunger replaced by reference and counter electrodes. Because the exposed area is defined by a hanging droplet, no masking is required and thus no crevice corrosion forms. This cell therefore enables measurements of pitting potentials of metals that are susceptible to crevice corrosion. The method was validated by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization experiments on Type 304H stainless steel. Crevice or interfacial corrosion was not evident in multiple replicate specimens tested with the syringe cell method.
Repressão aos intelectuais e estudantes: aproximações entre Ato Institucional nº 2 e Lei Suplicy de Lacerda (1965-1968)
Authors: Castro Thiago Bicudo
Published: May 2018

A sociologia da cultura e a sociologia histórica têmencontrado, no Brasil, nos últimos anos amplas possibilidadesde retomarem seus debates e visibilidade, por meio de novasfontes, que até então receberam pouca atenção das CiênciasSociais. Entretanto, muitas dúvidas ainda pairam sobre diversas temáticas e objetos de estudos, a exemplo das implicações do Ato Institucional nº 2 sobre os intelectuais brasileiros no período da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985); e da Lei Suplicy de Lacerda sobre o movimento estudantil do mesmo período. Dessa forma, este artigo recupera o debate que envolve os intelectuais, estudantes, e a resistência cultural e política exercida por eles num momento de recrudescimento da repressão militar na década de 1960. Para tal objetivo, foi utilizado o periódico semanal Folha da Semana (1965- 1966), dirigido por Arthur Poerner, como principal fonte de pesquisa. Assim, identificamos as representações intelectuais provenientes de um jornal que reuniu liberais e comunistas na resistência cultural.
A Case Study of CPS Energy’s Management of Disruptive Forces
Authors: Soltau John , Lunsford Ryan
Published: May 2018

Two major forces continue to drive disruption in the utility space; technological innovation in the form of distributive energy resources (DER), and energy efficiency/demand response (EE/DR). These forces drive down demand which, in turn, directly leads to decreased revenues for utility companies. As a result, the utility responds by seeking higher rates, which decreases demand and increases economic incentive for DER and EE/DR (Kind, 2013). These two disruptions continue their influence as these increased rates lead to lower customer satisfaction levels, incentivizing the adoption of additional DER and EE/DR products, perpetuating the cycle. As a municipal monopoly CPS Energy (CPSE) faces a number of real threats and opportunities as they ride this wave of disruption. This case study will analyze the impact of the DER and EE/DR forces on CPSE and their opportunities.
Tsangpo-Brahmaputra: A Perception Study from Riparian Perspectives
Authors: Shanta Hasina Afruj
Published: May 2018

Trans-boundary River water has been a constant source of contention since the ancient times. As worldwide water scarcity is an increasing trend, trans-boundary water issues have become more critical. The Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra is an important river that runs through China, India, and Bangladesh. Recently, it has been emerging as a great concern for India and Bangladesh. As a middle riparian country, India is concerned about the Chinese activities further upstream. On the other hand, Bangladesh is concerned about China’s and India’s upstream activities on the Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra, as it is the lowest riparian country. Each of the three countries has their own riparian perception and their own views to explain and justify their riparian activities and concerns. This paper will broadly analyze all three perspectives, their concerns, and anxieties, placing them in the context of their riparian location. It will also provide some suggestions based on the core principles of equitable and logical water sharing to deal with the present riparian tension and ensure basin-wide water management. All three riparian countries’ should accept the principle of equitable distribution of Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river water. A Tsangpo-Brahmaputra river basin commission or some kind of commission can be formed with the authority to ensure equitable distribution of water among the co-riparian countries, namely, Bangladesh, China, and India.
The primary school teacher and the gifted student: on the issue of (in-)competence
Authors: Kwiatkowska-Góralczyk Małgorzata
Published: May 2018

In my article, I endeavour to outline the reality currently faced by a gifted student in the first to third grades of a public primary school and the daily practices of their teacher. I also attempt to reveal the reasons why gifted students rarely receive special attention from the teacher. Many teachers perceive a gifted student as a cause of problems, since such students require more interest to be taken in their persons and that their specific educational needs are met. I also discuss the teacher's attitudes and actions that make it difficult or even impossible for them to conduct proper work and build a proper relationship with a gifted student.
„De-parentification” – strategies of dealing with the reversal of family roles
Authors: Chojnacka Barbara , Jarzębińska Aneta
Published: May 2018

The article presents the results of the analysis of the content of discussions conducted on selected online forums devoted to the topic of parentification. It presents the ways in which forum members (victims of parentification) have interrupted the reversed order of family roles and levelled out the negative consequences of this experience, referred to as „de-parentification”. Activities such as: encouraging the parents to change their behaviour, separation from them, working on disclosure of negative emotions related to experienced parentification, exploring their own needs, reading, undertaking therapy, etc. have been identified.
Simultaneously, different factors were identified, that are the obstacles for de-parentification. These include: transgenerational transfer of incorrect family roles structures, its continuance by the parent through diverse types of manipulation, the victim's denial, lack of social recognition of the victim's harm and the fault of the parent, etc. Additionally, the article points out the need for and the direction of further research concerning parentification, since only in-depth knowledge, both descriptive and explanatory, can further the effectiveness of the actions performed with the families.
A New Green Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Enrofloxacin by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Rebouças Camila Tavares , Kogawa Ana Carolina , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: May 2018

Background: A green analytical chemistry method was developed for quantification of enrofloxacin in tablets. The drug, a second-generation fluoroquinolone, was first introduced in veterinary medicine for the treatment of various bacterial species. Objective: This study proposed to develop, validate, and apply a reliable, low-cost, fast, and simple IR spectroscopy method for quantitative routine determination of enrofloxacin in tablets. Methods: The method was completely validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines, showing accuracy, precision, selectivity, robustness, and linearity. Results: It was linear over the concentration range of 1.0–3.0 mg with correlation coefficients >0.9999 and LOD and LOQ of 0.12 and 0.36 mg, respectively. Conclusions: Now that this IR method has met performance qualifications, it can be adopted and applied for the analysis of enrofloxacin tablets for production process control. The validated method can also be utilized to quantify enrofloxacin in tablets and thus is an environmentally friendly alternative for the routine analysis of enrofloxacin in quality control. Highlights: A new green method for the quantitative analysis of enrofloxacin by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy was validated. It is a fast, clean and low-cost alternative for the evaluation of enrofloxacin tablets.
Determination of Three Chromium Textile Azo Dyes in Wastewater by SPE-LC-ESI(–)-MS/MS
Authors: Copaciu Florina-Maria , Simedru Dorina , Coman Maria-Virginia
Published: May 2018

In the present work, a procedure to determine three textile azo dyes, chromium-complexes [Nylosan Dark Brown (NDB), Lanasyn Dark Brown (LDB), and Lanasyn Red (LR)], from wastewater using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by LC-electrospray ionization negative mode tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI(–)-MS/MS) has been developed. The extraction/concentration and recovery degree of these dyes from liquid matrices were done on Strata WAX/NH2 cartridges. The chromatographic separation was performed using a Luna C18 (2) 100Å column by isocratic elution with a methanol–acetonitrile–water (0.2% formic acid and 2 mM ammonium formate) mixture. The linearity, the LOD, and the LOQ were determined for each textile dye. The accuracy, the precision (intra- and inter-day), and the matrix effect were also performed for the validation of the developed procedure. These chromium-complex azo dyes often used in the dyeing process by a textile factory in Romania were monitored in the influent and effluent wastewater from a treatment plant situated in its area. Applying the developed SPE-LC-ESI(–)-MS/MS procedure, the following textile dyes were detected (ng/L) in the collected wastewater samples during a 24-h period: NDB 150.1, LDB 200.6, and LR 89.0–244.0 in influents and NDB 22.8, LDB 78.6, and LR 74.0 in effluents.
Validation of the BetaStar® Advanced for Beta-lactams Test Kit for the Screening of Bulk Tank and Tanker Truck Milks for the Presence of Beta-lactam Drug Residues
Authors: Denhartigh Andrew , Reynolds Lindsay , Palmer Katherine , Klein Frank , Rice Jennifer , Rejman John J , Boison Joe , Kijak Philip , Shelver Weilin
Published: May 2018

A validation study was conducted for an immunochromatographic method (BetaStar® Advanced for Beta-lactams) for the detection of beta-lactam residues in raw, commingled bovine milk. The assay detected amoxicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, penicillin, cephapirin, and ceftiofur below the U.S. Food and Drug Administration tolerance levels but above the maximum sensitivity thresholds established by the National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments. The results of internal and independent laboratory dose-response studies employing spiked samples were in agreement. The test detected all six drugs at the approximate 90/95% sensitivity levels in milk from cows treated with each drug. Selectivity of the assay was 100%, as no false-positive results were obtained in testing 1148 control milk samples. Testing the estimated 90/95% sensitivity level for amoxicillin (8.5 ppb), ampicillin (6.9 ppb), cloxacillin (8.9 ppb), penicillin (4.2 ppb), and cephapirin (17.6 ppb), and at 100 ppb for each antibiotic, resulted in 94–100% positive tests for each of the beta-lactam drugs. The results of ruggedness experiments established the operating parameter tolerances for the assay. Cross-reactivity testing established that the assay detects other certain beta-lactam drugs, but it does not cross-react with any of 30 drugs belonging to seven different drug classes. Abnormally high bacterial or somatic cell counts in raw milk produced no assay interference.
Estimation of genetic parameters and trends for milk fat and protein percentages in Iranian Holsteins using random regression test day model
Authors: Khanzadeh H. , Hossein-Zadeh N. G. , Naserani M.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic parameters and trends for fat and protein percentages of milk in Iranian Holsteins calving between 2001 and 2010 using the random regression test day model. Data set included 505 160 test day records that were collected by the Animal Breeding Centre of Iran. The Legendre polynomial functions of orders (5, 5) and (5, 6) were chosen to fit the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects of fat and protein percentages, respectively. Estimated heritabilities ranged from 0.053 to 0.232 and 0.111 to 0.259 for fat and protein percentages, respectively. The averages of estimated breeding values were −8.61 and −3.15 and annual genetic trends were −0.74 kg and −0.64 kg for fat and protein percentages, respectively. Negative genetic trends for fat and protein percentages are likely the result of major emphasis on milk yield in the breeding plan of Iranian Holsteins.
Glucose infusion response on some metabolic
parameters in dairy cows during transition period
Authors: Fiore Enrico , Gianesella Matteo , Arfuso Francesca , Giudice Elisabetta , Piccione Giuseppe , Lora Marcello , Stefani Annalisa , Morgante Massimo
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glucose tolerance test (GTT) on glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in dairy cows during prepartum and postpartum period. Forty Two clinically healthy Holstein cows were enrolled in two high producing dairy farms in the Northeast Italy. All animals were divided into two equal groups on the basis of the farm of origin: Group A (farm located in Vicenza) and Group B (farm located in Padua). Body condition score (BCS) was determined for both groups. GTT was performed 7 ± 5 days before and 7 ± 5 days after calving. Blood samples were collected from each animal before (T0) and after the administration of glucose at different times. Plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, NEFA and BHB was evaluated. Application of two way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant effect of farm and a significant effect of transition period (prepartum and postpartum) on BCS for both groups. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to determine significant effects of infusion glucose time, transition period and farm on glucose, insulin, NEFA and BHB. No significant difference was observed between Groups A and B and a significant effect of transi tion period and glucose infusion was found on all parameters studied. Results confirm that glucose is an important direct controller of metabolic response in dairy cows during the transition period because of the inappropriate energetic supply that characterizing this physiological phases.
Reaction norms of direct and maternal effects for weight at 205 days in Polled Nellore cattle in north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Ambrosini Diego Pagung , Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes , Braccini Neto José , Martins Filho Raimundo , de Mello Affonso Paulo Roberto Antunes , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study investigated the presence of genotype-environment interaction (GEI) for body weight adjusted to 205 days of age (W205) in Polled Nellore cattle raised in north-eastern Brazil using reaction norm (RN) models. The reaction norm hierarchical models (RNHM) included the fixed (linear and quadratic) effect of cow’s age, random effect of contemporary group (CG), RN level and slope for additive direct and maternal genetic effects and permanent maternal environmental effect. The one-step reaction norm model with homogeneous residual variance (RNHM1sHm) yielded the best adjustment compared to the others. Based on this model, the estimates of direct additive and maternal variances and increased with environment improvement (35.34±7.92 kg2 to 134.42±25.97 kg2 and 12.76±5.38 kg2 to 58.22±19.74 kg2 for low and high-quality environments, respectively). The estimates of heritability direct additive and maternal too increased with environmental improvement (0.08±0.02 to 0.24±0.04 and 0.03±0.01 to 0.10±0.04). The correlation between the intercept and the slope of RNHM indicates that animals with higher genetic values respond more efficiently to environmental improvements, representing a scale effect for W205. These results allowed us to characterize the GEI for W205 and showed that specific evaluation should be performed with low, intermediary and high production levels.
Phenomena Occurring in Nanostructured Stainless Steel 316LVM during Annealing under High Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Krawczynska Agnieszka T. , Gierlotka Stanislaw , Suchecki Przemyslaw , Setman Daria , Adamczyk‐Cieslak Boguslawa , Gloc Michal , Chrominski Witold , Lewandowska Malgorzata , Zehetbauer Michael
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the impact of high hydrostatic pressure annealing on the grain boundary character, precipitation rate, and susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of nanostructured austenitic stainless steel 316LVM. To this end, samples of an austenitic stainless steel are deformed by high pressure torsion and subsequently annealed at 900 °C for 10 min under a pressure of 2, 6 GPa and, for comparison, under atmospheric pressure. The resulting microstructures are examined using electron beam scattering diffraction, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the pressure applied during annealing leads to a higher percentage of high‐angle grain boundaries than does atmospheric pressure. Moreover, it promotes the coexistence of two orientations, <111> and <100>, whereas atmospheric supports mainly <111>. High pressure hinders the growth of carbides, but drastically increases their number compared with atmospheric pressure annealing. As a consequence, the highest number of Cr23C6 carbides are present in the sample annealed under 6 GPa, making this sample susceptible to intergranular corrosion.
Cellulose Mineralization as a Route for Novel Functional Materials
Authors: Shchipunov Yury , Postnova Irina
Published: May 2018

Cellulose possesses excellent properties, but its performance characteristics do not satisfy human requirements completely, which has soured a constant effort to improve its features. Currently, cellulose is combined with inorganics in a process called mineralization that results in a novel type of materials referred to as bio‐nanocomposites. There are many examples of mineralized tissues with superior properties in living nature. This circumstance gives us a reason to biomimic them by compounding biopolymers with inorganics. Here, the main mineralization techniques, properties, structure, functionality, and application of mineralized cellulose are the focus. Cellulose can be combined with inorganics through the vapor phase or by the methods of wet chemistry. Much attention has been paid to sol–gel chemistry, which is of first importance in cellulose mineralization. Inorganics can protect polysaccharides, regulate hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity, and impart self‐cleaning, antimicrobial and conducting properties, which not only improves them but results in bio‐nanocomposites with novel functionalities and performance, not known before for cellulosic materials. Further calcination and carbonization of mineralized cellulose under mild conditions give nanosized metals, metal oxides, and their nanocomposites with carbon, which are often unavailable by conventional methods. Therefore, mineralization is used to develop innovative textiles, oil absorbent and oil/water separating membranes, catalysts and photocatalysts, solar cells, conductors, supercapacitors, transistors and batteries for flexible electronics, and energy storage devices. These nontraditional and highly promising areas for applications have caused an intense interest in cellulose that resembles its rediscovery.
Abnormal Synergetic Effect of Organic and Halide Ions on the Stability and Optoelectronic Properties of a Mixed Perovskite via In Situ Characterizations
Authors: Long Mingzhu , Zhang Tiankai , Liu Mingzhen , Chen Zefeng , Wang Chen , Xie Weiguang , Xie Fangyan , Chen Jian , Li Gang , Xu Jianbin
Published: May 2018

The mixed cation lead mixed halide perovskite (MLMP) CsxFA1‐xPbIyBr3‐y is one of the most promising candidates for both single‐junction and tandem solar cells due to its high efficiency and remarkable stability. However, the composition effect on thermal stability and photovoltaic performances has not yet been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, the interplay between composition, crystal structure, morphology, and optoelectronic properties under heat stress, is systematically elucidated here through a series of in situ characterizations. It is revealed for the first time that the FA+ and Br− release synchronously at first even under mild annealing. This leads to a serious FA‐ and Br‐deficiency issue, with only 88.3% of Br and 90.2% of FA retained after annealing at 100 °C, which significantly magnifies the hysteresis, phase segregation, and instability issues. Finally, a trace amount of FA+ and Br− is introduced onto the post‐annealed MLMP surface to compensate for the deficiency through vacancy filling. The degradation lifetime to 80% of the initial efficiency (t80) is improved from 504 to 1056 h and the hysteresis issue is also well resolved. This work highlights the importance of the synergetic composition effect of the organic cation and halide anion on stability and efficiency optimization for long‐term applications.
Neuropsychiatric expression and catatonia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: An overview and case series
Authors: Butcher Nancy J. , Boot Erik , Lang Anthony E. , Andrade Danielle , Vorstman Jacob , McDonald‐McGinn Donna , Bassett Anne S.
Published: May 2018

Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) are at elevated risk of developing treatable psychiatric and neurological disorders, including anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, seizures, and movement disorders, often beginning in adolescence or early to mid‐adulthood. Here, we provide an overview of neuropsychiatric features associated with 22q11.2DS in adulthood. Results of a new case series of 13 individuals with 22q11.2DS and catatonic features together with 5 previously reported cases support a potential association of this serious psychomotor phenotype with the 22q11.2 deletion. As in the general population, catatonic features in 22q11.2DS occurred in individuals with schizophrenia, other psychotic and non‐psychotic psychiatric disorders, and neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease. We place the results in the context of an updated review of catatonia in other genetic conditions. The complex neuropsychiatric expression and risk profile of 22q11.2DS highlights the need to consider co‐morbid factors and provide care tailored to the individual patient. The results reinforce the need for periodic monitoring for the emergence of psychiatric and neurological manifestations including catatonic features. Pending further research, enhanced recognition and informed anticipatory care promise to facilitate the early diagnosis that allows for timely implementation and optimization of effective treatments.
Brain size growth in wild and captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Cofran Zachary
Published: May 2018

Despite many studies of chimpanzee brain size growth, intraspecific variation is under‐explored. Brain size data from chimpanzees of the Taï Forest and the Yerkes Primate Research Center enable a unique glimpse into brain growth variation as age at death is known for individuals, allowing cross‐sectional growth curves to be estimated. Because Taï chimpanzees are from the wild but Yerkes apes are captive, potential environmental effects on neural development can also be explored. Previous research has revealed differences in growth and health between wild and captive primates, but such habitat effects have yet to be investigated for brain growth. Here, I use an iterative curve fitting procedure to estimate brain growth and regression parameters for each population, statistically comparing growth models using bootstrapped confidence intervals. Yerkes and Taï brain sizes overlap at all ages, although the sole Taï newborn is at the low end of captive neonatal variation. Growth rate and duration are statistically indistinguishable between the two populations. Resampling the Yerkes sample to match the Taï sample size and age group composition shows that ontogenetic variation in the two groups are remarkably similar despite the latter's limited size. Best fit growth curves for each sample indicate cessation of brain size growth at around 2 years, earlier than has previously been reported. The overall similarity between wild and captive chimpanzees points to the canalization of brain growth in this species.
Electrochemical Double‐Layer Capacitor Energized by Adding an Ambipolar Organic Redox Radical into the Electrolyte
Authors: Hu Lintong , Shi Chao , Guo Kai , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao , Wang Yonggang
Published: May 2018

Carbon‐based electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) generally exhibit high power and long life, but low energy density/capacitance. Pore/morphology optimization and pseudo‐capacitive materials modification of carbon materials have been used to improve electrode capacitance, but leading to the consumption of tap density, conductivity and stability. Introducing soluble redox mediators into electrolyte is a promising alternative to improve the capacitance of electrode. However, it is difficult to find one redox mediator that can provide additional capacitance for both positive and negative electrodes simultaneously. Here, an ambipolar organic radical, 2, 2, 6, 6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) is first introduced to the electrolyte, which can substantially contribute additional pseudo‐capacitance by oxidation at the positive electrode and reduction at the negative electrode simultaneously. The EDLC with TEMPO mediator delivers an energy density as high as 51 Wh kg−1, 2.4 times of the capacitor without TEMPO, and a long cycle stability over 4000 cycles. The achieved results potentially point a new way to improve the energy density of EDLCs.
Metall‐ und reagensfreie dehydrierende formale Benzyl‐Aryl‐Kreuzkupplung durch anodische Aktivierung in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluorpropan‐2‐ol
Authors: Imada Yasushi , Röckl Johannes L. , Wiebe Anton , Gieshoff Tile , Schollmeyer Dieter , Chiba Kazuhiro , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: May 2018

Eine selektive dehydrierende elektrochemische Funktionalisierung benzylischer Positionen durch 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluorpropan‐2‐ol (HFIP) wurde entwickelt. Die elektrolytisch generierten Produkte sind vielseitige Zwischenprodukte für nachfolgende Funktionalisierungen, da sie als maskierte, leicht aktivierbare Benzylkationen reagieren. Hier wird eine nachhaltige, skalierbare, reagens‐ und metallfreie, dehydrierende, formale Benzyl‐Aryl‐Kreuzkupplung vorgestellt. Die Freisetzung des benzylischen Kations erfolgt durch Säure. Wertvolle Diarylmethane sind in Gegenwart von aromatischen Nukleophilen zugänglich. Die direkte Nutzung von Strom ermöglicht eine sichere und umweltverträgliche chemische Umwandlung, da Oxidationsmittel durch Elektronen ersetzt werden. Es kann eine große Vielfalt an Substraten und Nukleophilen eingesetzt werden.
Post‐Translational Backbone Engineering through Selenomethionine‐Mediated Incorporation of Freidinger Lactams
Authors: Flood Dillon T. , Yan Nicholas L. , Dawson Philip E.
Published: May 2018

Amino‐γ‐lactam (Agl) bridged dipeptides, commonly known as Freidinger lactams, have been shown to constrain peptide backbone topology and stabilize type II′ β‐turns. The utility of these links as peptide constraints has inspired new approaches to their incorporation into complex peptides and peptoids, all of which require harsh reaction conditions or protecting groups that limit their use on unprotected peptides and proteins. Herein, we employ a mild and selective alkylation of selenomethionine in acidic aqueous solution, followed by immobilization of the alkylated peptide on to bulk reverse‐phase C18 silica and base‐induced lactamization in DMSO. The utilization of selenomethionine, which is readily introduced by synthesis or expression, and the mild conditions enable selective backbone engineering in complex peptide and protein systems.
Robotergefertigte Elemente aus technischer Keramik
Authors: Oppe Matthias , Scheible Florian , Peter Boris , Helbig Thorsten
Published: May 2018

Die Sanierung der Staatsoper Unter den Linden ist abgeschlossen. Damit geht ein achtjähriger Bauprozess zu Ende, währenddessen die innere Infrastruktur erneuert und das denkmalgeschützte Gebäude hinsichtlich Barrierefreiheit, Klimatechnik, Sicherheit und Brandschutz modernisiert wurde. Des Weiteren erfolgte im Zuge der Generalsanierung auch die Verbesserung der Akustik des Zuschauersaals. Hierzu wurde die historische Saaldecke, ohne das äußere Erscheinungsbild zu beeinträchtigen, 5 m angehoben, um das Volumen zu erweitern und dadurch die Nachhallzeit zu verlängern. Vor die so entstandene Nachhallgalerie legt sich nun ein Rautenmuster, dessen Gestaltung dem Formenkanon des Denkmals folgt. Durch die Verwendung einer glasfaserverstärkten Phosphat‐Keramik (CBPC) in Verbindung mit dem Einsatz modernster Fabrikationstechniken, sowie hinsichtlich des Tragverhaltens des Materials, wurde somit Neuland beschritten.
Degradation of recombinant proteins by Chinese hamster ovary host cell proteases is prevented by matriptase‐1 knockout
Authors: Laux Holger , Romand Sandrine , Nuciforo Sandro , Farady Christopher J. , Tapparel Joel , Buechmann‐Moeller Stine , Sommer Benjamin , Oakeley Edward J. , Bodendorf Ursula
Published: May 2018

An increasing number of nonantibody format proteins are entering clinical development. However, one of the major hurdles for the production of nonantibody glycoproteins is host cell–related proteolytic degradation, which can drastically impact developability and timelines of pipeline projects. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred production host for recombinant therapeutic proteins. Using protease inhibitors, transcriptomics, and genetic knockdowns, we have identified, out of the >700 known proteases in rodents, matriptase‐1 as the major protease involved in the degradation of recombinant proteins expressed in CHO‐K1 cells. Subsequently, matriptase‐1 was deleted in CHO‐K1 cells using “transcription activator‐like effector nucleases” (TALENs) as well as zinc‐finger nucleases (ZFNs). This resulted in a superior CHO‐K1 matriptase (KO) cell line with strongly reduced or no proteolytic degradation activity toward a panel of recombinantly expressed proteins. The matriptase KO cell line was evaluated in spike‐in experiments and showed little or no degradation of proteins incubated in culture supernatant derived from the KO cells. This effect was confirmed when the same proteins were recombinantly expressed in the KO cell line. In summary, the combination of novel cell line engineering tools, next‐generation sequencing screening methods, and the recently published Chinese hamster genome has enabled the development of this novel matriptase KO CHO cell line capable of improving expression yields of intact therapeutic proteins.
Glioblastoma recurrence correlates with NLGN3 levels
Authors: Liu Rui , Qin Xing‐Ping , Zhuang Yang , Zhang Ya , Liao Hua‐Bao , Tang Jun‐Chun , Pan Meng‐Xian , Zeng Fei‐Fei , Lei Yang , Lei Rui‐Xue , Wang Shu , Liu An‐Chun , Chen Juan , Zhang Zhi‐Feng , Zhao Dan , Wu Song‐Lin , Liu Ren‐Zhong , Wang Ze‐Fen , Wan Qi
Published: May 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma in the brain. Recurrence of GBM is almost inevitable within a short term after tumor resection. In a retrospective study of 386 cases of GBM collected between 2013 and 2016, we found that recurrence of GBM mainly occurs in the deep brain regions, including the basal ganglia, thalamus, and corpus callosum. But the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not clear. Previous studies suggest that neuroligin‐3 (NLGN3) is necessary for GBM growth. Our results show that the levels of NLGN3 in the cortex are higher than those in the deep regions in a normal human brain, and similar patterns are also found in a normal mouse brain. In contrast, NLGN3 levels in the deep brain regions of GBM patients are high. We also show that an increase in NLGN3 concentration promotes the growth of U251 cells and U87‐MG cells. Respective use of the cortex neuron culture medium (C‐NCM) and basal ganglia neuron culture medium (BG‐NCM) with DMEM to cultivate U251, U87‐MG and GBM cells isolated from patients, we found that these cells grew faster after treatment with C‐NCM and BG‐NCM in which the cells treated with C‐NCM grew faster than the ones treated with BG‐NCM group. Inhibition of NLGN3 release by ADAM10i prevents NCM‐induced cell growth. Together, this study suggests that increased levels of NLGN3 in the deep brain region under the GBM pathological circumstances may contribute to GBM recurrence in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and corpus callosum.
Continuous N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI)‐Mediated Electrochemical Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic C−H Bonds
Authors: Mo Yiming , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: May 2018

Electroorganic chemistry has emerged as an environmentally benign tool for synthetic chemists to achieve efficient transformations that are challenging with traditional reagent‐based methods. Continuous flow chemistry brings pharmaceutical industry numerous advantages, but implementing electroorganic synthesis in flow is challenging, especially for electroorganic reactions with coupled electrode reactions and slow chemical reactions. We present a continuous electrolysis system engineered for N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) mediated electrochemical aerobic oxidation of benzylic C−H bonds. First, a cation‐exchange membrane prevents the crossover of the NHPI anion from anolyte to catholyte avoiding reductive decomposition of NHPI at the cathode, and enables the usage of a cost‐effective reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) cathode instead of a platinum electrode. Second, running the electrochemical flow cell with recycle streams accommodates the inherently slow kinetics of the chemical reaction without phthalimide‐N‐oxyl (PINO) radical self‐decomposition at the anode, and allows the usage of gaseous oxygen as co‐oxidant.