bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coplanar Pt/C Nanomeshes with Ultrastable Oxygen Reduction Performance in Fuel Cells
Authors: Hu Yanmin , Zhu Mengzhao , Luo Xuan , Wu Geng , Chao Tingting , Qu Yunteng , Zhou Fangyao , Sun Rongbo , Han Xiao , Li Hai , Jiang Bin , Wu Yuen , Hong Xun
Published: December 2020

Developing highly stable and efficient catalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction is important for the long‐term operation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Reported herein is a facile synthesis of two‐dimensional coplanar Pt‐carbon nanomeshes (NMs) that are composed of highly distorted Pt networks (neck width of 2.05±0.72 nm) and carbon. X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy demonstrated the metallic state of Pt in the coplanar Pt/C NMs. Fuel cell tests verified the excellent activity of the coplanar Pt/C NM catalyst with the peak power density of 1.21 W cm−2 and current density of 0.360 A cm−2 at 0.80 V in the H2/O2 cell. Moreover, the coplanar Pt/C NM electrocatalysts showed superior stability against aggregation, with NM structures preserved intact for a long‐term operation of over 30 000 cycles for electrode measurement, and the working voltage loss was negligible after 120 h in the H2/O2 single cell operation. Density‐functional theory analysis indicates the increased vacancy formation energy of Pt atoms for coplanar Pt/C NMs, restraining the tendency of Pt dissolution and aggregation.
A Physical Entangling Strategy for Simultaneous Interior and Exterior Modification of Metal–Organic Framework with Polymers
Authors: Dai Dejun , Wang Hongliang , Li Conger , Qin Xuedi , Li Tao
Published: December 2020

A new strategy uses a common feature of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely porosity rather than functionality, to achieve simultaneous interior and exterior modification of a MOF with polymers. We demonstrate that an anhydride‐terminated polyimide oligomer can be covalently grafted to the amine‐functionalized methacrylate polymer backbone residing underneath the MOF surface and physically entangled within the 3D nanochannels. The MOF particles were evenly coated with a thin layer of polyimide brushes on the surface thereby exhibiting increased dispersibility in solvent media as well as in polymer matrix. The MOF pores were decorated with aliphatic amine groups to endow the MOF with higher CO2 affinity at low pressure. The polyimide‐grafted surface allowed MOF particles to interact favorably with the polyimide matrix, producing defect‐free MMM with drastically improved CO2 permeability and maintaining the inherent CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of the neat polymeric membrane.
Boosting CO2 Electrochemical Reduction with Atomically Precise Surface Modification on Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Li Site , Nagarajan Anantha Venkataraman , Alfonso Dominic R. , Sun Mingkang , Kauffman Douglas R. , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Jin Rongchao
Published: December 2020

Thiolate‐protected gold nanoclusters (NCs) are promising catalytic materials for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In this work an atomic level modification of a Au23 NC is made by substituting two surface Au atoms with two Cd atoms, and it enhances the CO2RR selectivity to 90–95 % at the applied potential between −0.5 to −0.9 V, which is doubled compared to that of the undoped Au23. Additionally, the Cd‐doped Au19Cd2 exhibits the highest CO2RR activity (2200 mA mg−1 at −1.0 V vs. RHE) among the reported NCs. This synergetic effect between Au and Cd is remarkable. Density‐functional theory calculations reveal that the exposure of a sulfur active site upon partial ligand removal provides an energetically feasible CO2RR pathway. The thermodynamic energy barrier for CO formation is 0.74 eV lower on Au19Cd2 than on Au23. These results reveal that Cd doping can boost the CO2RR performance of Au NCs by modifying the surface geometry and electronic structure, which further changes the intermediate binding energy. This work offers insights into the surface doping mechanism of the CO2RR and bimetallic synergism.
Combined Ex and In Situ Measurements Elucidate the Dynamics of Retained Species in ZSM‐5 and SAPO‐18 Catalysts Used in the Methanol‐to‐Olefins Reaction
Authors: Valecillos José , Ruiz‐Martinez Javier , Aguayo Andrés T. , Castaño Pedro
Published: December 2020

The dynamics of the retained species on ZSM‐5 and SAPO‐18 catalysts are studied by using a combination of temperature‐programmed desorption/oxidation, ex situ analysis, and in situ FTIR spectroscopic measurements over the entire conversion range, using fixed‐bed and spectroscopic cell reactors, in continuous and discontinuous mode. The results point to the appropriateness of the combined methodologies to track the interconversion of active into deactivating species. A statistically relevant (supported by linear regression and multivariate analysis) association of the observations is found by using the different complementary methodologies. The kinetics of this interconversion depends on the initial conversion (tuned by acidity and space time) and microporous topology, and involve: (i) in the ZSM‐5 catalysts, the diffusion of monocyclic aromatics toward the exterior of the zeolite to form coke, and (ii) in the SAPO‐18 catalysts, the obstruction of the cavities by aromatics that grow into tetracyclic aromatic islands.
Lifetime stressors, hair cortisol, and executive function: Age‐related associations in childhood
Authors: DePasquale Carrie E. , Tyrell Fanita A. , Kalstabakken Amanda W. , Labella Madelyn H. , Thibodeau Eric L. , Masten Ann S. , Barnes Andrew J.
Published: December 2020

Extant research is mixed regarding the relations among lifetime exposure to stressors, adrenocortical activity, and executive function (EF), particularly in children. Aggregate measures of adrenocortical activity like hair cortisol concentration (HCC), timing of stress exposure, and age at assessment may clarify these associations. This cross‐sectional study examined the association among parent‐reported exposure to stressors, hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and children's EF via a tablet task in a community sample (n = 318, 52.5% female) of children across a wide age range (4–13 years, M = 9.4, SD = 2.3). Path analyses revealed that parent‐reported child lifetime exposure to stressors, but not past‐year stressful life events, negatively predicted HCC. There was also a marginally significant moderation by age such that HCC was associated negatively with EF for younger children (age < 9.7 years) but not older children. HCC did not significantly mediate the association between lifetime exposure to stressors and EF. Findings are consistent with the proposition that chronically high cortisol production has a neurotoxic effect on brain regions supporting EF. However, lifetime exposure to stressors predicted relatively lower cumulative cortisol production, consistent with a stress inoculation effect in this normative‐risk sample.
Chiral Template‐Driven Macroscopic Chirality Control: Structure‐Second‐Harmonic Generation Properties Relationship
Authors: Jo Hongil , Chen Xinglong , Lee Hee‐Seung , Ok Kang Min
Published: December 2020

Chirality is one of the most important topics in chemistry attributable to the peculiar stereochemical properties. Since the chirality belongs to one of the noncentrosymmetric (NCS) crystal classes, chiral materials may reveal second‐harmonic generation (SHG) properties, one of the unique structure‐related properties. The high efficiency of SHG can be achieved by the well‐controlled alignment of NCS chromophores such as d0 transition metal cations in distorted octahedra, lone pair cations, highly polarizable d10 cations, π‐delocalized anionic groups, etc. Chiral organic structure‐directing agents can also serve as chiral templates by aligning inorganic units in hybrid solid‐state materials. In this Minireview, recently reported ten chiral materials containing both chiral templates and SHG active unsymmetrical metal cations are introduced. The relationship between the asymmetric arrangement of the NCS chromophores achieved by the interaction with chiral templates and the resulting SHG properties are investigated, which might provide further insight for designing novel chiral materials.
Hydroarylation of N‐Allenyl Derivatives Catalyzed by Copper**
Authors: Abed Ali Abdine Racha , Pagès Lucas , Taillefer Marc , Monnier Florian
Published: December 2020

An additive‐free copper catalytic system was used to perform the addition of (hetero)aryl nucleophiles to N‐allenyl derivatives. This intermolecular C–C bond formation occurs with both complete regio‐ and stereoselectivity to afford the linear (E) allylic product with moderate to excellent yields. This atom economical method is the first example of hydroarylation of allenes catalyzed by copper.
Removal of sugars in wastewater from food production through heterotrophic growth of Galdieria sulphuraria
Authors: Scherhag Philipp , Ackermann Jörg‐Uwe
Published: December 2020

The unicellular extremophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria is capable of chemoheterotrophy and its growth has been investigated on some defined and undefined substrates. In this study, the removal of sugars in wastewater from fruit‐salad production with G. sulphuraria strain SAG 21.92 was analyzed. Growth and sugar consumption were determined under variation of temperature, pH‐value and concentration of a model substrate, containing sucrose, glucose and fructose. In shake flask cultivation maximum specific growth rate and specific substrate consumption rate of 1.53±0.09 day−1 and 2.41±0.14 gSub·gDW−1·day−1 were measured at pH 2 and 42°C. A scale‐up of this process was conducted in a 3 L stirred tank reactor (STR). Wastewater from fruit‐salad production was diluted to 15 g·L−1 total sugar concentration, supplemented with micronutrients and ammonia and pH was set to 3. Determined growth rate and substrate consumption were 1.21 day−1 and 1.88 gSub·gDW−1·day−1, respectively. It was demonstrated, that high sugar concentrations in wastewater streams from food production processes can be significantly reduced with G. sulphuraria SAG 21.92. This strain could achieve substrate consumption rates in wastewater, equal to the more common strain 074G, but at higher pH values. Generated biomass can be used for production of phycocyanin, a valuable nutraceutical.
Dietary fiber intake and risk of gastric cancer: The Japan Public Health Center‐based prospective study
Authors: Katagiri Ryoko , Goto Atsushi , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study Group
Published: December 2020

Evidence of the association between dietary fiber intake and gastric cancer (GC) risk from prospective studies is limited. We examined the association between dietary fiber intake and GC risk in a large prospective study. A total of 91 946 eligible Japanese aged 45 to 74 years (42 773 men and 49 173 women) participated in a population‐based cohort study (Japan Public Health Center‐based prospective study). From a validated food frequency questionnaire with 138 food items, total and food source‐specific dietary fiber intake was calculated as exposure. The hazard ratio (HR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of GC incidence according to quintile of dietary fiber intake were examined after adjusting for confounding factors. In total, 2228 GC cases (1559 men and 669 women) were observed during the 15.0 years follow‐up. Total dietary fiber intake was not associated with GC risk; however, a marginally increased risk trend because of high HR in the highest quintile of total fiber intake was found in women (HR [95% CI] in Q5 vs Q1: 0.95 [0.79‐1.14], P for trend .30 in men, HR [95% CI] 1.25 [0.98‐1.61], P for trend .05 in women). Stratification by tumor location did not change the results. A marginal but not significant inverse trend was observed regarding cereal fiber intake and GC risk in men. Total dietary fiber intake was not associated with GC risk. Further studies are warranted to confirm this association.
A feasibility study with a novel, dynamic, and disposable over‐the‐counter device for the management of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Naor Mika S. , Kaploun Alex , Friedman Boris
Published: December 2020

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the initial efficacy, safety, and usability of a novel, dynamic, and disposable intravaginal device in women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods

Twenty‐six women with SUI were recruited to perform a modified 1‐h Pad Weight Gain (PWG) test. In this test, women drank 250–500 ml of water, were given a pre‐weighed pad, and asked to perform a set of incontinence‐inducing activities. At the end of the activities session, the pad was removed and weighed. This test was performed both with and without the Nolix device. Three efficacy endpoints measured were continuous percent reduction in urine leakage, dryness (defined as pad weight increase by no more than 1 g), and improvement in pad weight (measured as continuous percent reduction in PWG ≥ 50%). Any adverse events, reported by subjects during the device use were recorded. The usability and user's satisfaction were assessed using the Benefit, Satisfaction, and Willingness to Continue and Nolix Satisfaction questionnaires.

Results

The average reduction in PWG was 79.4%. The average reduction in urine leakage while using the device was at least 70%. In addition, in 79.5% of tests, the clinically meaningful level of improvement in PWG was achieved. Use of the device produced substantial improvement in the patient's perceived quality of life. No adverse events were reported during the study.

Conclusion

The Nolix device served as a noninvasive, effective, and well‐tolerated treatment option for reducing SUI in a modified 1‐h PWG test with a set of incontinence‐inducing activities.
In Reply
Authors: Nappi Lucia , Ottaviano Margaret , Rescigno Pasquale , Messina Carlo , Palmieri Giovannella
Published: December 2020

This letter to the editor responds to the question of whether delayed administration of chemotherapy in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 is necessary and suggests the importance of evaluating each case carefully before the decision is made.
Design and Preparation of a 3D Photonic Glass with a Broad Infrared Gap
Authors: Zhang Feng , Qiu Lili , Li Renbin , Qiao Yu , Meng Zihui
Published: December 2020

Photonic glasses with infrared gaps can be used as surface coating materials to effectively change the infrared radiation characteristics of substrate. In this research, a photonic glass with an infrared broad gap could be prepared easily in thermostatic water bath by a simple and fast baking protocol. The photonic glass prepared had a broad gap from 4.25 to 4.57 μm, centering at 4.45 μm, which was slightly different from the result of numerical simulation due to the existence of the internal disordered structure. The infrared transmission diagram showed that the infrared transmittance of a substrate covered by the photonic glass can be reduced from 80 % to 25 % at infrared atmosphere window of 3∼5 μm, which proved the ability of the material to regulate and control the infrared electromagnetic wave. In addition, the material can significantly restrain the infrared radiation of the substrate at 60 °C, which was expected to achieve stealth under the infrared detection.
New microsphere cobalt complex: preparation and catalytic consideration for the synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Bastan Hosna , Taherinia Zahra
Published: December 2020

Herein a novel cobalt complex prepared by combination of Co(NO3)2.6H2O and thiosalycilic acid. Prepared microsphere cobalt complex was characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, BET, ICP and SEM techniques. Also, we report here an efficient method for the preparation of pyrroloacridine‐1(2H)‐one derivatives from a three‐component condensation reaction of amine, dimedone, and isatin and synthesis of chromeno [2, 3‐ d] pyrimidin‐8‐amines by reaction of benzaldehyde, α‐naphthol, malononitrile, and ammonium acetate in the presence of microsphere cobalt complex as the catalyst. The microsphere cobalt complex can be recovered without great loss of catalytic activity.
Membrane-embedded TSPO: an NMR view
Authors: Rivière Gwladys , Jaipuria Garima , Andreas Loren B. , Leonov Andrei , Giller Karin , Becker Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus
Published: December 2020

Translocator Protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) is a mitochondrial transmembrane protein commonly used as a biomarker for neuroinflammation and is also a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. Despite intensive research efforts, the function of TSPO is still largely enigmatic. Deciphering TSPO structure in the native lipid environment is essential to gain insight into its cellular activities and to design improved diagnostic and therapeutic ligands. Here, we discuss the influence of lipid composition on the structure of mammalian TSPO embedded into lipid bilayers on the basis of solid-state NMR experiments. We further highlight that cholesterol can influence both the tertiary and quaternary TSPO structure and also influence TSPO localization in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes.
Survival After Adrenalectomy for Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A 25‐year Institutional Experience
Authors: Staubitz JI. , Hoppe‐Lotichius M. , Baumgart J. , Mittler J. , Lang H. , Musholt TJ.
Published: December 2020

Background

Extrahepatic manifestation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare and primarily affects lung, lymph nodes and bone. Metastases to the adrenal glands are relatively infrequent. This 25‐year institutional experience aimed for an analysis of factors influencing survival in patients undergoing surgery for HCC adrenal metastasis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the institutional database of the Clinic for General‐, Visceral‐ and Transplantation Surgery of the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany, was performed. Patients who underwent surgery for HCC adrenal metastases from January 1995 to June 2020 were included. Pre‐, peri‐ and postoperative factors with potential influence on survival were assessed.

Results

In 16 patients (14 males, two females), one bilateral and 15 unilateral adrenalectomies were performed (13 metachronous, three synchronous). Thirteen operations were carried out via laparotomy, and three adrenalectomies were minimally invasive (two laparoscopic, one retroperitoneoscopic). Median overall survival (after HCC diagnosis) was 35 months, range: 5–198. Median post‐resection survival (after adrenalectomy) was 15 months, range: 0–75. Overall survival was longer in patients with the primary HCC treatment being liver transplantation (median 66 months) or liver resection (median 51 months), compared to only palliative intended treatment of the primary with chemotherapy (median 35 months) or local ablation (median 23 months).

Conclusions

Surgery is a feasible treatment option for patients with adrenal metastases originating from HCC. In patients who underwent adrenalectomy for HCC adrenal metastasis, overall survival was superior, if primary HCC treatment was potentially curative (liver transplantation or resection).
Outcome and EBRA migration analysis of a reconstruction cage in acetabular revision arthroplasty: a clinical and radiological study
Authors: Dammerer Dietmar , Blum Philipp , Putzer David , van Beeck Annelies , Nogler Michael , Thaler Martin
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Restoration cages and bone allografts have been proposed to manage severe acetabular bone defects. We aimed to investigate the migration behaviour of a restoration cup and impacted allograft bone in severe acetabular defects with Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyse (EBRA).

Methods

Applying a retrospective study design, 64 cases treated between 2009 and 2016 were reviewed. We determined the preoperative Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), pre- to postoperative WOMAC score, blood loss and functional outcome. From preoperative x rays, the acetabular deficiencies were classified according to Paprosky. Cup migration analyses were performed with EBRA.

Results

Mean age at surgery was 73 (range: 38–93) years. According to the classification by Paprosky et al., 50% (n = 32) of our patients showed a type III B and 28.1% (n = 18) a type III A defect. Radiological follow-up for migration analysis was 35 (range: 4–95) months. Migration analysis showed a mean cup migration of 0.7 mm (range: 5.7–9.6) medial and 1.8 mm (range: 1.7–12.6) cranial.

Conclusion

In conclusion, acetabular restoration cages in combination with bone impaction grafting showed a low revision rate at a mean follow-up of 35 months. Mean cup migration revealed low rates after 2 years and suggested a stable postoperative implant position.
Consensus statement from the international consensus meeting on post-traumatic cranioplasty
Authors: Iaccarino C. , Kolias A. , Adelson P. D. , Rubiano A. M. , Viaroli E. , Buki A. , Cinalli G. , Fountas K. , Khan T. , Signoretti S. , Waran V. , Adeleye A. O. , Amorim R. , Bertuccio A. , Cama A. , Chesnut R. M. , De Bonis P. , Estraneo A. , Figaji A. , Florian S. I. , Formisano R. , Frassanito P. , Gatos C. , Germanò A. , Giussani C. , Hossain I. , Kasprzak P. , La Porta F. , Lindner D. , Maas A. I. R. , Paiva W. , Palma P. , Park K. B. , Peretta P. , Pompucci A. , Posti J. , Sengupta S. K. , Sinha A. , Sinha V. , Stefini R. , Talamonti G. , Tasiou A. , Zona G. , Zucchelli M. , Hutchinson P. J. , Servadei F.
Published: December 2020

Background

Due to the lack of high-quality evidence which has hindered the development of evidence-based guidelines, there is a need to provide general guidance on cranioplasty (CP) following traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as identify areas of ongoing uncertainty via a consensus-based approach.

Methods

The international consensus meeting on post-traumatic CP was held during the International Conference on Recent Advances in Neurotraumatology (ICRAN), in Naples, Italy, in June 2018. This meeting was endorsed by the Neurotrauma Committee of the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS), the NIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, and several other neurotrauma organizations. Discussions and voting were organized around 5 pre-specified themes: (1) indications and technique, (2) materials, (3) timing, (4) hydrocephalus, and (5) paediatric CP.

Results

The participants discussed published evidence on each topic and proposed consensus statements, which were subject to ratification using anonymous real-time voting. Statements required an agreement threshold of more than 70% for inclusion in the final recommendations.

Conclusions

This document is the first set of practical consensus-based clinical recommendations on post-traumatic CP, focusing on timing, materials, complications, and surgical procedures. Future research directions are also presented.
How Depressive Symptoms Hinder Positive Information Processing: An Experimental Study on the Interplay of Cognitive Immunisation and Negative Mood in the Context of Expectation Adjustment
Authors: Kube Tobias , Glombiewski Julia Anna
Published: December 2020

Background

People with depression maintain negative expectations despite disconfirming positive experiences by reappraising or discarding novel positive information, referred to as “cognitive immunisation”. A second body of literature suggests that negative mood can negatively affect information processing. Bridging these two lines of research, the present study examined the interplay of cognitive immunisation and negative mood in the context of expectation modification.

Methods

In a student sample (N = 152), we used a well-established experimental paradigm to examine the adjustment of performance expectations in response to positive performance feedback, and its relation to depressive symptoms. In a 2 × 2 design, participants received either a negative mood induction, a cognitive immunisation manipulation, both, or no further manipulation.

Results

Participants from all experimental groups revised their previous expectations significantly in line with positive performance feedback. However, depressive symptoms were a negative predictor of expectation adjustment, and a moderation analysis indicated that this effect was particularly pronounced if participants underwent the negative mood induction.

Conclusions

Consistent with previous work, depressive symptoms were associated with a reduced ability to integrate positive information. Furthermore, our results suggest that the activation of negative mood in people with elevated levels of depression may hamper learning from new positive experience.
Derivative NMR spectroscopy for J-coupled multiplet resonances using short time signals (0.5 KB) encoded at low magnetic field strengths (1.5T). Part I: water suppressed
Authors: Belkić Dževad , Belkić Karen
Published: December 2020

The theme of this study is within the realm of basic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It relies upon the mathematics of signal processing for NMR in analytical chemistry and medical diagnostics. Our objective is to use the fast Padé transform (both derivative and nonderivative as well as parametric and nonparametric) to address the problem of multiplets from J-coupling appearing in total shape spectra as completely unresolved resonances. The challenge is exacerbated especially for short time signals (0.5 KB, no zero filling), encoded at a standard clinical scanner with the lowest magnetic field strengths (1.5T), as is the case in the present investigation. Water has partially been suppressed in the course of encoding. Nevertheless, the residual water content is still more than four times larger than the largest among the other resonances. This challenge is further sharpened by the following question: Can the J-coupled multiplets be resolved by an exclusive reliance upon shape estimation alone (nonparametric signal processing)? In this work, the mentioned parametric signal processing is employed only as a gold standard aimed at cross-validating the reconstructions from nonparametric estimations. A paradigm shift, the derivative NMR spectroscopy, is at play here through unprecedentedly parametrizing total shape spectra (i.e. solving the quantification problem) by sole shape estimators without fitting any envelope.
Politeness and reputation in cultural evolution
Authors: Mühlenbernd Roland , Wacewicz Sławomir , Żywiczyński Przemysław
Published: December 2020

Politeness in conversation is a fascinating aspect of human interaction that directly interfaces language use and human social behavior more generally. We show how game theory, as a higher-order theory of behavior, can provide the tools to understand and model polite behavior. The recently proposed responsibility exchange theory (Chaudhry and Loewenstein in Psychol Rev 126(3):313–344, 2019) describes how the polite communications of thanking and apologizing impact two different types of an agent’s social image: (perceived) warmth and (perceived) competence. Here, we extend this approach in several ways, most importantly by adding a cultural-evolutionary dynamics that makes it possible to investigate the evolutionary stability of politeness strategies. Our analysis shows that in a society of agents who value status-related traits (such as competence) over reciprocity-related traits (such as warmth), both the less and the more polite strategies are maintained in cycles of cultural-evolutionary change.
An Interpretation of Weights in Linear Opinion Pooling
Authors: Romeijn Jan-Willem
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the fact that linear opinion pooling can be represented as a Bayesian update on the opinions of others. It uses this fact to propose a new interpretation of the pooling weights. Relative to certain modelling assumptions the weights can be equated with the so-called truth-conduciveness known from the context of Condorcet's jury theorem. This suggests a novel way to elicit the weights.
Sustainability as an integrative principle: The role of international law in Arctic resource development
Authors: Shibata Akiho , Chuffart Romain
Published: December 2020

This article addresses the normative potential of the principle of sustainability to integrate the rules, principles, and procedures of international law applicable in the Arctic, so that Arctic international law can be posited more holistically and systematically. The holistic and integrative approach towards international law is particularly called for in the context of the Arctic, as the inextricable interconnectedness between its changing natural environments, its societal particularities, and its economic and industrial potential is the fundamental characteristic of the Arctic. In line with the purpose of the special issue, this article takes up a harder case of sustainability, in addressing Arctic mineral resource development. This article posits the principle of sustainability as a principle with an integrative function operating behind the primary norms relating to resource development at the international law level. In response to the claim of fragmented nature of the law at issue, this article calls for an academic examination into the normative function of the sustainability principle to forge the relevant and evolving norms applicable in the specific context of the Arctic mineral resource development towards an integral, coherent whole. This aim will be pursued using the analytical methodology employed by the International Law Commission’s (ILC) work on the “fragmentation of international law” (2006) and the “principle of integration” as identified by the International Law Association’s (ILA) work on the international law relating to sustainable development (2002–12). Finally, as an initial attempt to articulate the legal reasoning for such integration, this article examines the legal institution of environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a tool to present a holistic view of the international law on Arctic mineral resource development.
Selective amplification of the chirped attosecond pulses produced from relativistic electron mirrors
Authors: Tan Fang , Wang Shao Yi , Zhang Bo , Zhang Zhi Meng , Zhu Bin , Wu Yu Chi , Yu Ming Hai , Yang Yue , Li Gang , Zhang Tian Kui , Yan Yong Hong , Lu Feng , Fan Wei , Zhou Wei Ming , Gu Yu Qiu
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the generation of relativistic electron mirrors (REMs) and the reflection of an ultra-short laser off this mirrors are discussed, applying two-dimensional particle-in-cell (2D-PIC) simulations. REMs with ultra-high acceleration and expanding velocity can be produced from a solid nanofoil illuminated normally by an ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulse with a sharp rising edge. Chirped attosecond pulse can be produced through the reflection of a counter-propagating probe laser off the accelerating REM. In the electron moving frame, the plasma frequency of the REM keeps decreasing due to its rapidly expanding. The laser frequency, on the contrary, keeps increasing due to the acceleration of REM and the relativistic Doppler shift from the lab frame to the electron moving frame. Within an ultra-short time interval, the two frequencies will be equal in the electron moving frame, which leads the resonance between laser and REM. The reflected radiation near this interval and the corresponding spectra will be amplified due to the resonance. Through adjusting the arriving time of the probe laser, certain part of the reflected field could be selectively amplified or depressed, leading to the selectively adjusting of the corresponding spectra.
ON THE -RANK OF CLASS GROUPS OF DIRICHLET BIQUADRATIC FIELDS
Authors: Fouvry Étienne , Koymans Peter , Pagano Carlo
Published: December 2020

We show that for
$100\%$
of the odd, square free integers
$n> 0$
, the
$4$
-rank of
$\text {Cl}(\mathbb{Q} (i, \sqrt {n}))$
is equal to
$\omega _3(n) - 1$
, where
$\omega _3$
is the number of prime divisors of n that are
$3$
modulo
$4$
.
Structure and allosteric regulation of human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
Authors: Sun Pengkai , Liu Yan , Ma Tengfei , Ding Jianping
Published: December 2020

Human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase or HsIDH3 catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle. HsIDH3 exists and functions as a heterooctamer composed of the αβ and αγ heterodimers, and is regulated allosterically and/or competitively by numerous metabolites including CIT, ADP, ATP, and NADH. In this work, we report the crystal structure of HsIDH3 containing a β mutant in apo form. In the HsIDH3 structure, the αβ and αγ heterodimers form the α2βγ heterotetramer via their clasp domains, and two α2βγ heterotetramers form the (α2βγ)2 heterooctamer through insertion of the N-terminus of the γ subunit of one heterotetramer into the back cleft of the β subunit of the other heterotetramer. The functional roles of the key residues at the allosteric site, the pseudo allosteric site, the heterodimer and heterodimer–heterodimer interfaces, and the N-terminal of the γ subunit are validated by mutagenesis and kinetic studies. Our structural and biochemical data together demonstrate that the allosteric site plays an important role but the pseudo allosteric site plays no role in the allosteric activation of the enzyme; the activation signal from the allosteric site is transmitted to the active sites of both αβ and αγ heterodimers via the clasp domains; and the N-terminal of the γ subunit plays a critical role in the formation of the heterooctamer to ensure the optimal activity of the enzyme. These findings reveal the molecular mechanism of the assembly and allosteric regulation of HsIDH3.
Electroless deposition of Pd/Pt nanoparticles on electrochemically grown TiO2 nanotubes for ppb level sensing of ethanol at room temperature
Authors: Bindra Prateek , Hazra Arnab
Published: December 2020

Uniform decoration of TiO2 nanotubes by Pd/Pt nanoparticles through electroless plating for ppb level detection of ethanol at room temperature.
Molecular perspective on charge-tunable adsorption of volatile organic compounds on carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Bin , Mi Changwen
Published: December 2020

The adsorption of VOCs on CNTs, dominated by the vdW interaction, is charge-tunable and related to the hydrophobicity of VOCs.
A quantum molecular movie: polyad predissociation dynamics in the VUV excited 3pσ2Σu state of NO2
Authors: Makhija Varun , Boguslavskiy Andrey E. , Forbes Ruaridh , Veyrinas Kevin , Wilkinson Iain , Lausten Rune , Schuurman Michael S. , Grant Edward R. , Stolow Albert
Published: December 2020

We present time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy studies of an electronically excited triatomic molecule wherein the vibrational dynamics must be treated quantum mechanically and the simple picture of population flow between coupled normal modes fails.
A rapid and simple approach for the characterization and quantification of gold nanoparticles in cell culture medium by single particle-ICP-MS
Authors: Fernández-Trujillo Sergio , Jiménez-Moreno María , Ríos Ángel , Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios Rosa del Carmen
Published: December 2020

A new methodology based on single particle-ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS) with minimum sample treatment has been developed for the study of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a cell culture medium commonly used in toxicological studies (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, DMEM).
Synthesis of spiro(indoline-2,3′-hydropyridazine) via an “on-water” [4 + 2] annulation reaction
Authors: Zuo Wei-Fang , Zhou Jin , Wu Yu-Ling , Fang Hua-Ying , Lang Xing-Jiang , Li Ya , Zhan Gu , Han Bo
Published: December 2020

An on-water [4 + 2] annulation reaction between 2-methyl-3H-indolium salt and α-bromo N-acyl hydrazone has been developed. The environmentally friendly strategy provides the first facile access to spiro(indoline-2,3'-hydropyridazine) scaffolds.
An anthraquinone-decorated graphene hydrogel based on carbonized cotton fibers for flexible and high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Jia Mengying , Li Yue , Cui Linlin , An Yingrui , Pan Canping , Jin Xiaojuan
Published: December 2020

Schematic illustration of the preparation procedure of DAQ–CGH.
Temperature-independent, nonoxidative methane conversion in nanosecond repetitively pulsed DBD plasma
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao , Zhang Shuai , Li Shi , Zhang Cheng , Pan Jie , Murphy Anthony B. , Shao Tao
Published: December 2020

Optimizing and perceiving a nanosecond repetitively pulsed DBD plasma-assisted CH4 activation technique under temperature-independent, catalyst-free conditions, combining experimental and numerical researches.
A facile method of selective dissolution for preparation of Co3O4/LaCoO3 as a bifunctional catalyst for Al/Zn–air batteries
Authors: Yan Shanshan , Wan Liyang , Xue Yejian , Wang Yan , Shao Guangjie , Liu Zhaoping
Published: December 2020

Perovskites are promising catalysts for metal–air batteries because of their excellent intrinsic catalytic activities.
The rational design of hierarchical CoS2/CuCo2S4 for three-dimensional all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitors with high energy density, rate efficiency, and operational stability
Authors: Sonia Yogesh Kumar , Paliwal Mahesh Kumar , Meher Sumanta Kumar
Published: December 2020

An all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor based on hierarchical CoS2/CuCo2S4 offers excellent rate capacitance, low charge-transfer resistance, high-rate energy density, and extended service stability.
Quantifying productivity of a gravity dispenser
Authors: Ulyanov V.M. , Utolin V.V. , Luzgin N.E. , Parshina M.V. , Polunkin A.A.
Published: December 2020

In processing lines for the manufacturing of concentrated feed for farm animals, there is often an issue of operations coordination of machines according to their performance. Particularly, when delivering feed components to the mixer, it is essential to consider the performance of the dispenser distributing each of them. The productivity of the dispenser has to be no higher than the productivity of the mixer. In given article we have provided an example of calculating the theoretical performance of a gravity dispenser in a truncated cone-shaped hopper with dampers in the lower part. Calculations let us conclude that the main element affecting the productivity of the dispenser is the radius of the hopper outlet, since it is included in the formula in the second degree.
Causes of diseases of the digestive system of the young cattle
Authors: Kondakova Irina , Vologzhanina Ekaterina , Lomova Julia , Kryuchkova Nadezhda
Published: December 2020

Monitoring of diseases of the digestive system of young cattle was carried out in agricultural enterprises of Ryazan region. The conditions of animal management were studied. The diagnosis of infectious diseases of the digestive system of calves was established taking into consideration the results of epizootological data, clinical signs, pathological anatomical picture on the basis of bacteriological, mycological, mycotoxicological, copro-ovoscopic and larvoscopic studies. Of the total number of 168,572 calves, the number of animals with diseases of the digestive system was 28,32-44,19%. Among mixed invasions in young cattle up to 6-8 months of age, Ostertagias were recorded in combination with Chabertias and esophagostomas. Calves at the age of 2-3 months often had additional eimeriosis. Among infectious diseases of young cattle, diseases of bacterial etiology amounted to 89,69-94,11% (50,98% - colibacillosis, 11,92% - proteus infection, 4,95% - salmonellosis, 4,53% - pasteurelliosis, 5,93% - pseudomonosis, 10,51% - streptococcosis, 2,10% - staphylococcosis, 0,47% - klebsiellosis). Laboratory tests of feed revealed microscopic fungi, but no mycotoxins were found. Mycotoxicosis in animals were not registered.
Influence of salinization on seeds germination of the fodder semi-shrub of the eastern saltwort (Salsola orientalis S.G. Gmel.)
Authors: Shamsutdinova Elmira
Published: December 2020

Eastern saltwort (Salsola orientalis S. G. Gmel.) belongs to the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae Vent.), the genus Salsola L., a semi-shrub with 25-70 cm high with fleshy leaves. It is distributed on saline sandy loam and stony soils from plains to low mountains. It is widely used to restore productivity of degraded natural pastures in arid regions of Russia and Central Asia countries. It is characterized by good palatability, nutritional value, exceptional resistance to salt stress, drought and other adverse environmental conditions. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of different salt concentrations on the germination of eastern saltwort seeds. The influence of various types of salinization on the germination of eastern saltwort seeds in concentrations was tested (0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 1.6; 1.8 and 2.0% to the absolutely dry mass of sand): chloride, sulphate, sulphate-chloride, chloride-sulphate, control – sand moistened with distilled water. With chloride salinization at concentrations of 0.2-0.4%, the germination energy and germination of eastern saltwort seeds decreased slightly, and at concentrations of 1.2-1.4%, germination stopped. Sulfate salinization was the least toxic. With all types of salinization, with an increase in the salt concentration, the sowing – germination period is delayed and the process of germination of eastern saltwort seeds is expanded. Although eastern saltwort is a true halophyte, its seeds germinate better on a nonsaline substrate.
The effect of biopreparations on soybean germination ability and contamination with seed infection
Authors: Kurilova Dina
Published: December 2020

We studied the application efficiency of biopreparations for soybean seed treatment against seed infection. We established the positive effect of biopreparations application on the germination of soybean seeds. In the laboratory conditions, we observed the best protective effect against a complex of pathogens of seed infection in variants with the treatment of seeds with the laboratory samples of biopreparations 14-3 Pseudomonas chlororaphis, LC and Xk-1 Chaetomium olivacium, WP, as well as with biopreparations Trichoderma Veride 471, WP and Fitosporin-M, WP. In the field conditions, we observed an increase in plant density in relation to control by more than 10.0 % in 14-3 P. chlororaphis, LC and Fitolavin, SC, Fitosporin-M and Trichoderma Veride 471, WP. Also, these biopreparations (except Fitolavin, SC) showed a good growth-stimulating effect.
How diets and the environment influence on the weight of Roman snail in captivity
Authors: Tkachenko Irina , Tkachenko Sergey , Dedkov Viktor
Published: December 2020

This article presents the results of a study into the influence of the diet, air temperature and relative air humidity, and soil temperature on the average weight of Helix pomatia in captivity. It was shown that vegetables included in the mixed leaf-vegetable diet mitigated the effect of a high air temperature and a low relative humidity. It was established that the air temperature and relative humidity had opposite effects on weight gain in Helix pomatia. The increase in temperature predetermined the weight loss. Despite the high temperature, a humidity of over 75% caused all the molluscs gain weight regardless of their diet.
Characterization of bacterial communities of rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Early Zhukovsky potato
Authors: Lutfulin Marat , Zaripova Darya , Moiseeva Oksana , Vologin Semen , Mardanova Ayslu
Published: December 2020

Identification of patterns of formation of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of potato (Solanum tuberosumL.), the most important agricultural crop, is necessary for the introduction and maintenance of sustainable organic farming. The purpose of this work was the study of the biodiversity of the bacterial microbiota of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of Early Zhukovsky potato, cultivated on gray forest soils. Comparative analysis based on sequencing of the 16S R RNA gene showed a significant difference in the representation of different groups of bacteria in these potato root compartments. Thus, the proportions of the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of theProteobacteriaphylum reach 47.66% ± 7.22 % and 86.35 % ± 0.53%, respectively (P< 0.05). In contrast, the representation of phylumBacteroidetesandFirmicutesin the rhizosphere is significantly higher and reaches 41.45 % ± 10.42% and 6.49 % ± 3.23%, respectively, compared to the rhizoplane (7.84 % ± 1.24 % and 0.43 % ± 0.48 %, (P< 0.05). At the same time,Actinobacteriaphylum bacteria are present in both compartments in approximately equal amounts (4.40 % ± 1.81% in the rhizosphere and 5.37 % ± 1.42% in the rhizoplane). Thus, it was found that potato forms different bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane in quantitative proportions, which is probably determined by the functional role of these microorganisms in the plant physiology.
Phytate-hydrolyzing rhizobacteria: abiotic stress tolerance and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Itkina Daria , Suleimanova Aliya
Published: December 2020

Phytate-hydrolyzing bacteriaPantoeasp. 3.1, 3.2, 3.5.2, 3.6.1 andBacillus ginsengihumiM2.11 were previously isolated from the soil samples of the Republic of Tatarstan. The effect of cultivation conditions on the growth dynamics as well as antimicrobial activity was determined. All fourPantoeastrains showed optimum growth at 26 ºC and 28 ºC and pH 6.0-7.0. The optimum conditions for the growth ofB. ginsengihumiM2.11 strain was determined to be 26 ºC, 28 ºC and 37 ºC and alkaline pH 7 and 8. Salt concentration in the range of 0 to 1000 mM did not significantly affect the growth of the strains. Antagonistic activity ofPantoeasp. 3.5.2 was studied against phytopathogenic micromycetes, identified asAlternaria alternataandBipolaris sorokiniana. In the presence of bacterial isolate growth ofA. alternatawas inhibited by 57% and growth ofB. sorokiniana– by 85%. Minor growth inhibition byPantoeasp. 3.5.2 of gram-negative bacteria fromEnterobacteriaceaefamily was observed. The presence of fungicidal activity in thePantoeastrain together with its ability to hydrolyze soil phytates and overcome abiotic stress factors in soil can possibly serve as the basis for the new fungicide of microbial origin.
Features of functioning of the russian pork market in the context of the pandemic and prospects for its development
Authors: Nifontova Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

Within the framework of this scientific article, the development of the domestic pork market is assessed at the present stage of development of the national economy. The trends of recent years in the framework of the functioning of the pork market in the structure of the meat and meat products market of the Russian Federation are revealed. The impact of the pandemic and quarantine measures on the development of the pork market in the first half of 2020 is analyzed. The assessment of changes in pork prices during the pre-quarantine and quarantine periods is carried out, as well as the factors of influence in this dynamics are identified. The analysis of the forecast dynamics of pork production for 2020 and 2021 is carried out. The features of the development of this market at the present stage are determined, and the assessment of this development of this market in the medium term is carried out.
Methods of ecological and economic optimization of land resource use in regional agri-food systems
Authors: Siptits S.O. , Evdokimova N.E.
Published: December 2020

Recent research on the assessment of agricultural policy results clearly shows that minimizing costs and maximizing profits, which have become the main criteria for agricultural producers in market conditions, do not lead to the sustainable functioning of regional agri–food systems (hereinafter referred to as AFS). The regime of sustainable production intensification is achieved through the synergy of three aspects of sustainability: environmental, economic and social. The purpose of this article is to present a new tool for optimizing and planning land use for the sustainable development of regional AFS. The application of these tools in practice is closely linked to the development of digitalization as a technological paradigm, within which appropriate information platforms should be created, as well as a regulatory framework that allows management bodies to promote environmentally and economically effective modes of territorial AFS operation.