bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PDIA3 rs2788: An Independent Risk Factor for Hypertension and Its Interaction With Antihypertensive Medications
Authors: Lan Hongtao , Xi Yingbin , Kang Baoxu , Tong Zhoujie , Peng Jie , Zhang Wei , Zhong Ming , Gong Huiping , Wang Zhihao
Published: December 2024

Hypertension is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3) is a key endoplasmic reticulum protein which may contribute to increased blood pressure. However, the relationship between PDIA3 polymorphisms and hypertension remain unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between PDIA3 polymorphisms and hypertension. First, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to assess the causal link between PDIA3 and hypertension. Second, key gene polymorphism on PDIA3 was identified using online databases and analyzed with Haploview software. Third, multivariate‐adjusted logistic regression analyses were employed to evaluate the associations between PDIA3 rs2788 and hypertension. Finally, stratified analyses were conducted to further assess interactions between PDIA3 rs2788 and antihypertensive medications. MR analyses indicated a causal relationship between PDIA3 and hypertension. The rs2788 gene polymorphism locus on PDIA3 was identified using online databases and Haploview software. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that PDIA3 rs2788 was an independent risk for hypertension (OR: 4.603, 95% CI: 2.946–7.194; p < 0.001). Significant interactions were identified between PDIA3 and antihypertensive medications, particularly ACEI/ARB treatments (p = 0.013 for interaction). Similar findings were observed regarding the causal relationship between antihypertensive treatments and hypertension. PDIA3, particularly its rs2788 polymorphisms, may represent a novel biomarker for hypertension. These findings may contribute to the development of targeted screening strategies and personalized treatment approaches for hypertension management.
Association Between Uric Acid to High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Kidney Function in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Meng‐Bo , Wang Rui , Zeng Qing‐Tian , Shuai Wen‐Liang , Zhang Hang‐Cheng , Dong Yi‐Fei
Published: December 2024

The relationship between the uric acid to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and kidney function in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) is unclear. Therefore, this research explored the link between the UHR and kidney function in PAs. This research was conducted at the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and involved PA individuals hospitalized between October 2017 and April 2022. A total of 653 eligible participants were included in the analysis for this research. The kidney function was assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which is calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as an eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or the ratio of urine microalbumin to creatinine (UACR) ≥30 mg/g. The study used multivariable‐adjusted linear regression analyses to investigate the association between log‐transformed UHR levels and, eGFR and CKD. After multivariable adjustments, the results indicated an inverse association between Lg‐UHR and eGFR (per SD increment; β: −9.02; 95% CI: −11.59, −6.46). Compared to PA patients with the lowest level of Lg‐UHR (T1), patients with the highest level of Lg‐UHR (T3) had a lower eGFR (β: −20.14, 95% CI: −26.25, −14.04). Conversely, Lg‐UHR and CKD showed a positive association cross‐sectionally (per SD increment; OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.26, 2.23). Compared to PA patients in T1 level, patients in T3 level had a higher prevalence of CKD (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.26, 5.05). In patients with PA, UHR is inversely associated with eGFR and positively associated with CKD.
A Survey Among General Practitioners and Periodontal Specialists in Norway Documenting a Positive Attitude Towards Guideline‐Based Referral Practise
Authors: Aaen Eirik M. , Bunæs Dagmar F. , Lie Stein A. , Lind Kristian H. , Leknes Knut N.
Published: December 2024

Aim

The objective of this cross‐sectional survey was to assess the attitude among general practitioners (GPs) and periodontal specialists (PSs) in Norway towards developing and implementing guideline‐based periodontal referral practise.

Material and Methods

A multiple‐choice questionnaire was distributed online to a sample of professionally active GPs and PSs. The survey included questions on demographics, practise profile, proficiency and insight among oral healthcare providers, periodontal referral patterns, and attitude on establishing guideline‐based referral practise. Logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate associations between dependent and selected independent variables. Inverse probability weights (IPW) were applied to adjust for non‐response in the logistic regression models.

Results

Analyses were based on answers from 353 GPs and 49 PSs. The majority of GPs (77.9%) considered periodontal referral guidelines as a useful tool if they were available, and 59.2% of PSs expressed a positive attitude for implementing guideline‐based referral practise to prevent premature or delayed referrals. In total, 93.9% of PSs reported that patients with periodontitis were being referred from GPs too late either frequently or sometimes. Females tended to be more interested in utilising referral guidelines than males (odds ratio, OR = 2.89, p < 0.001). Older GPs and those with increasing years of practising, were less interested in using referral guidelines than younger and more inexperienced GPs (both p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings document a positive attitude and significant need for developing and implementing periodontal referral guidelines among GPs and PSs, ensuring timely identification and referral of patients with periodontitis.
Cover Image
Authors: Galarraga‐Vinueza Maria Elisa , Barootchi Shayan , Mancini Leonardo , Sabri Hamoun , Schwarz Frank , Gallucci German O. , Tavelli Lorenzo
Published: December 2024

The cover image is based on the article Echo‐intensity characterization at implant sites and novel diagnostic ultrasonographic markers for peri‐implantitis by Maria Elisa Galarraga‐Vinueza etal., https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13976.

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In situ observations confirm that the wrought‐iron butterflyfish Chaetodon daedalma is a facultative corallivore
Authors: Baird Andrew H. , Pratchett Morgan S. , Reimer James D.
Published: December 2024

Here, we provide the first in situ observations of foraging habitats of Chaetodon daedalma, which is endemic to the subtropical north‐west Pacific. Overall, 62.4% of bites were from the substratum, 30.7% from scleractinian corals, 3.3% from crustose coralline algae, 2.1% from macroalgae, and 1.2% from hydroids. The range in the percentage of bites taken from scleractinian corals among individuals was 0%–76%, and no fish fed exclusively on coral. Our in situ feeding observations confirm that the species is a facultative corallivore.
Application of forecast‐informed reservoir operations at US Army Corps of Engineers dams in California
Authors: Forbis Joe , Ly Cuong
Published: December 2024

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) prescribes flood control operations for reservoirs it regulates in watershed‐specific water control manuals (WCMs), which can be decades‐old and may not capture changed conditions in the watersheds or include the benefit of state‐of‐the‐science weather and streamflow prediction. Considering the specific characteristics of a reservoir, forecast‐informed reservoir operations (FIRO) may be used to enhance flood risk reduction, improve water availability, and achieve other benefits. The first FIRO pilot project at Lake Mendocino in California focused on determining if water supply reliability could be improved using FIRO without increasing flood risk. The final report concluded that FIRO concepts could indeed improve water supply reliability while enhancing flood risk reduction. Subsequently, USACE chose additional reservoir systems in California with different characteristics as additional pilot study locations to further investigate FIRO concepts. These successful FIRO efforts have provided justification to continue its expansion beyond the initial pilot sites. The lessons learned from the FIRO pilot projects are being used to inform the development of the FIRO Screening Process, a screening level framework intended to scale up the implementation of FIRO. The lessons learned could support FIRO implementation at suitable USACE reservoirs by updating WCMs.
Development of Deep Learning–Based Virtual Lugol Chromoendoscopy for Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Toya Yosuke , Suzuki Sho , Monno Yusuke , Arai Ryo , Dohmen Takahiro , Eizuka Makoto , Okutomi Masatoshi , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: December 2024

Background

Lugol chromoendoscopy has been shown to increase the sensitivity of detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We aimed to develop a deep learning–based virtual lugol chromoendoscopy (V‐LCE) method.

Methods

We developed still V‐LCE images for superficial ESCC using a cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN). Six endoscopists graded the detection and margins of ESCCs using white‐light endoscopy (WLE), real lugol chromoendoscopy (R‐LCE), and V‐LCE on a five‐point scale ranging from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). We also calculated and compared the color differences between cancerous and non‐cancerous areas using WLE, R‐LCE, and V‐LCE.

Results

Scores for the detection and margins were significantly higher with R‐LCE than V‐LCE (detection, 4.7 vs. 3.8, respectively; p < 0.001; margins, 4.3 vs. 3.0, respectively; p < 0.001). There were nonsignificant trends towards higher scores with V‐LCE than WLE (detection, 3.8 vs. 3.3, respectively; p = 0.089; margins, 3.0 vs. 2.7, respectively; p = 0.130). Color differences were significantly greater with V‐LCE than WLE (p < 0.001) and with R‐LCE than V‐LCE (p < 0.001) (39.6 with R‐LCE, 29.6 with V‐LCE, and 18.3 with WLE).

Conclusions

Our V‐LCE has a middle performance between R‐LCE and WLE in terms of lesion detection, margin, and color difference. It suggests that V‐LCE potentially improves the endoscopic diagnosis of superficial ESCC.
Comparison of Risk‐Scoring Models to Predict Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Kim Ilsoo , Kim Joon Sung , Cheung Dae Young , Kim Byung‐Wook , Hou Jong‐Uk
Published: December 2024

Background and Aim

The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) remains a concern with the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). We evaluated the efficacy of four risk‐scoring models (HAS‐BLED, ATRIA, VTE‐BLEED, and ORBIT) in predicting GIB according to the concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy in DOAC users.

Methods

Patients prescribed DOAC between December 2014 and October 2020 were enrolled in two university‐affiliated hospitals. The performance of the four models was compared based on the concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy. The primary outcomes were likelihood ratios and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve to predict GIB.

Results

A total of 4494 patients were included in the study. The AUROC values for the entire cohort were 0.643 (95% CI: 0.601–0.686) for HAS‐BLED, 0.693 (95% CI: 0.649–0.737) for ATRIA, 0.708 (95% CI: 0.665–0.750) for VTE‐BLEED, and 0.709 (95% CI: 0.667–0.751) for ORBIT. The AUROC for all scoring models increased in patients without antiplatelet therapy compared to the entire cohort and patients with antiplatelet therapy. The specificity and diagnostic accuracy for all scoring models increased in patients without antiplatelet therapy compared to patients with antiplatelet.

Conclusions

Our results confirmed that current risk‐scoring models for predicting GIB perform better in patients without antiplatelet therapy than in those on concomitant antiplatelet therapy. This suggests that future risk prediction models should consider the concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy for diagnostic accuracy.
Analysis of Hospitalization Cases for Filler Injection Complications: A Five‐Year Retrospective Study Among Iranian People
Authors: Ehsani Ala , Falakian Setareh , Ehsani Amirhoushang , Hamzelou Shahin , Balighi Kamran , Razavi Zahra , Aryanian Zeinab , Khayyat Azadeh , Hatami Parvaneh
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The skin is the largest organ system with many important clinical functions. Due to the increase in demand for cosmetic procedures and consequently the increase in complications from filler injections, this research aims to review the hospitalization cases involving filler complications.

Methodology

This study retrospectively and cross‐sectionally reviews patient records hospitalized between the years 2016 to 2020, focusing on demographics (age, gender, residence), type of filler, type of complications, onset and duration of complications, duration of hospital stay, the person who administered the injection, and treatment outcomes. The goal is to understand the complications, prognosis, and potential risk factors.

Results

A total of 58 patients were hospitalized due to complications arising from filler injections between 2016 and 2020. The average age of patients was approximately 37.79 years, ranging from 15 to 62 years old. A majority, 94.8%, were female and 62.1% were married. The most common filler used was hyaluronic acid, accounting for 81% of cases. Complications included cellulitis in 41.4% of cases, abscesses in 29.3%, granulomatous inflammation in 19%, and necrosis in 10.3%. The shortest hospital stay was 1 day and the longest was 9 days, with an average stay of approximately 2.33 days. In 65.5% of the cases, the injections were administered by medical professionals, and in 34.5%, by individuals without medical credentials. Married individuals generally sought hospital care later than others. Severe complications were more likely to occur when injections were administered by nonprofessionals. The time to seek medical attention was shorter for severe complications than for moderate ones. There were no deaths among the cases studied.

Conclusion

The study highlights the variation in complication severity associated with filler injections performed by nonmedical personnel, emphasizing the importance of prohibiting such practices. Educating patients about the early signs of complications can significantly reduce severe outcomes and decrease antibiotic resistance.
Short‐Term Responses of Native (Perna viridis, Linnaeus 1758) and Non‐Native (Mytella strigata, Hanley 1843) Mussels to Independent and Combined Effects of Lowered pH Level and Elevated Temperature
Authors: Cabiguin Maryjune M. , Moteclaro Harold M. , Juinio‐Meñez Marie Antonette
Published: December 2024

Changes in environmental conditions can influence the success of marine biological invasions. This study assessed the independent and combined acute short‐term effects of increased temperature (OW) and lowered pH (OA) simulating future ocean conditions on a native, Perna viridis, and non‐native, Mytella strigata, mussel species. There were four treatment combinations: Future (combination of ocean warming and ocean acidification), Ambient conditions, ocean acidification (OA), and ocean warming (OW). Survival and byssus thread regeneration in all treatments were measured daily for 7 days, while net calcification rate was calculated from the start and end of the experiment. Net calcification rate (NCR) was lowest under OA treatment. Likewise the low total alkalinity at the start of the experiment under OA suggests that the mussels experienced greater physiological stress. The higher survival rate of green mussels and the increase in the byssus regeneration rate over time in all treatments demonstrated that it can acclimate better to acute short‐term temperature and pH stress. The very low survival of M. strigata in OA compared to other treatments indicates its high sensitivity to low pH stress. However, surviving charru individuals maintained high byssus thread regeneration in all treatments. Overall, results suggest that M. strigata may not displace the native green mussels', P. viridis, higher tolerance to acute short‐term exposure to elevated temperatures and low pH, but can co‐exist in lower densities. This is the first study to compare the short‐term physiological responses of a sympatric non‐native and native mussel species under experimentally induced stress conditions. Longer‐term studies on the population dynamics of these species are essential to assess the potential success of these species under changing and variable environmental conditions.
Impact of Early Life Famine Exposure on Body Composition and Metabolic Profiles in Adulthood
Authors: Song Shuaihua , Zhang Liyuan , Du Hanze , Zhang Yuelun , Jiang Yue , Li Daowei , Hu Yi , Chen Shi , Zhu Huijuan , Shan Guangliang , Pan Hui
Published: December 2024

The relationship between the famine and metabolic syndrome has been reported, but there is a lack of more detailed changes in metabolic profiles. It is unclear how famine affects body composition. This study included 21,142 participants from the China National Health Survey. The body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), and fat‐free mass index (FFMI) were calculated. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), blood lipids, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured. Multivariate adjusted linear regression models were used to assess the association between famine and outcome. Our results shown that fetal‐exposed group had higher BMI and FMI (β > 0). Childhood‐exposed group showed an average decrease of 0.08 standard deviation (SD) in FFMI, and adolescence‐exposed group had lower BMI and FFMI than non‐exposed group. SBP were 0.38 SD higher in fetal‐exposed group, 0.58 SD higher in childhood‐exposed group and 0.85 SD higher in adolescence‐exposed group than non‐exposed group. Famine‐exposed groups had higher total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), and FBG levels (β > 0). For females with famine exposure, they had a higher BMI, FMI, LDL‐C, TG, and TC than males. Overall, early famine exposure is associated with increased blood pressure, LDL‐C, TC, and FBG. Muscle mass loss in adulthood associated with childhood and adolescence famine exposure. Famine‐exposed females appear to have higher levels of body fat and blood lipids.
Understanding the Past to Preserve the Future: Genomic Insights Into the Conservation Management of a Critically Endangered Waterbird
Authors: Chen Qing , Lin Hongzhou , Zheng Chenqing , Mudrik Elena A. , Kashentseva Tatiana A. , Cheng Yalin , Wang Zhiru , Zhou Haiyan , Zhou Haixiang , Wang Wenjuan , Liu Yang
Published: December 2024

To ensure the success of genetic rescue, we must minimise the potential negative effects of outbreeding depression that may arise from selecting source populations. The difficulty in assessing the likelihood of outbreeding depression has hindered its consideration in endangered species conservation. However, genomic research offers feasible indications. Here, we conduct conservation genomic analyses on the East Asian (EA) population and the relict Western/Central Asian (WCA) population of the critically endangered Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus). We aim to assess genetic rescue's potential advantages and disadvantages between the two populations. Our analysis shows genomic evidence of limited genetic differentiation between them. The persistent decline in population size due to historical climatic oscillations leads to a decrease in genetic diversity and an increase in inbreeding. The WCA population has excessive deleterious homozygous mutations than the EA population, suggesting suffering from inbreeding depression resulting from less effective purifying selection. Forward simulations support the increase in genetic load due to elevated levels of inbreeding compromises fitness during population collapse. We strongly recommend an urgent genetic rescue for the WCA population through population supplementation from the EA population. However, the continuous monitoring of fitness outcomes is required through captive breeding. This work provides useful insights into the genetic management of a critically endangered species and emphasises the importance of evaluating the likelihood of outbreeding depression through genomic approaches.
The Genetic Architecture of Local Adaptation and Reproductive Character Displacement in Scutiger boulengeri Complex (Anura: Megophryidae)
Authors: Lin Xiuqin , Yan Chaochao , Wang Yuanfei , Huang Sining , Yu Haoqi , Shih Chungkun , Jiang Jianping , Xie Feng
Published: December 2024

Speciation is a continuous process driven by barriers to gene flow. Based on genome‐wide SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) of 190 toads from 31 sampling sites of Scutiger boulengeri complex, we found evidence for monophyly which represented a continuous speciation process of at least six lineages in S. boulengeri, which radiated and exhibited varying degrees of divergence and gene flow. The SNP‐based phylogenetic tree was largely discordant with the multilocus mitochondrial tree (i.e., S. mammatus and S. glandulatus nested in the lineages of S. boulengeri) published before. The Min Mountains (MM) and Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) lineages differ fundamentally in habitat (i.e., elevation) and morphology (i.e., SVL), we detected signatures of potential high‐altitude and cold adaptation genes in QTP (vs. MM). We found the evidence of reproductive trait disparity (i.e., SVL and nuptial pads) is key to promoting sympatric rather than allopatric species pairs. In addition, we identified selection signals for genes related to sympatric character displacement, genes linked to obesity‐related traits, nuptial spines morphology and enlarged chest nuptial pads in S. mammatus (vs. QTP group of S. boulengeri). Our study provided new insight and paradigm for a varied speciation pattern from local adaptation of allopatry to sympatric character displacement in the S. boulengeri complex.
The SnRK2.2‐ZmHsf28‐JAZ14/17 module regulates drought tolerance in maize
Authors: Liu Lijun , Tang Chen , Zhang Yuhan , Sha Xiaoyu , Tian Shuaibing , Luo Ziyi , Wei Guocheng , Zhu Li , Li Yuxin , Fu Jingye , Luo Peigao , Wang Qiang
Published: December 2024

Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are important plant hormones in response to drought stress. We have identified that ZmHsf28 elevated ABA and JA accumulation to confer drought tolerance in maize; however, the underlying mechanism still remains elusive.

The knockout line zmhsf28 is generated to confirm the positive role of ZmHsf28 in drought response. Multiple approaches are combined to reveal protein interaction among ZmHsf28, ZmSnRK2.2 and ZmJAZ14/17, which form a regulatory module to mediate maize drought tolerance through regulating ABA and JA key biosynthetic genes ZmNCED3 and ZmLOX8.

Upon drought stress, zmhsf28 plants exhibit weaker tolerance than the WT plants with slower stomatal closure and more reactive oxygen species accumulation. ZmHsf28 interacted with ZmSnRK2.2 physically, resulting in phosphorylation at Ser220, which enhances binding to the heat shock elements of ZmNECD3 and ZmLOX8 promoters and subsequent gene expression. Meanwhile, ZmMYC2 upregulates ZmHsf28 gene expression through acting on the G‐box of its promoter. Besides, ZmJAZ14/17 competitively interact with ZmHsf28 to interfere with protein interaction between ZmHsf28 and ZmSnRK2.2, blocking ZmHsf28 phosphorylation and impairing downstream gene regulation.

The ZmSnRK2.2‐ZmHsf28‐ZmJAZ14/17 module is identified to regulate drought tolerance through coordinating ABA and JA signaling, providing the insights for breeding to improve drought resistance in maize.
Genetic Mutations Leading to Dento‐Maxillofacial Abnormalities in Mice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhao Zuodong , Van Bruwaene Achiel , Lievens Ella , De Laet Marie , Attanasio Catia , Pedano Mariano Simón , Cadenas de Llano‐Pérula María
Published: December 2024

Introduction

To systematically review the available literature reporting on genetic mutations leading to dento‐maxillofacial malformations in mice.

Materials and Methods

An electronic search was performed across Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to May 2024, targeting all in vivo studies on gene mutations causing dento‐maxillofacial deformities in mice. Studies reporting oral clefts were excluded. Data collected included genetic background, sex distribution, observation times, sample sizes, interventions, affected genes, zygosity, dento‐maxillofacial anomalies, and associated human syndromes. Risk of bias was evaluated using the SYRCLE tool.

Results

Of 12,968 articles, 215 were included. The most common genetic background was C57BL6/J (B6) (n = 83), and knock‐out was the most common intervention (n = 142). A total of 172 studies included homozygous mice. The five most studied genes were Amelx, Bmp‐2, Dspp, Enam, and Runx2. Dento‐alveolar anomalies were more commonly reported (n = 175) than skeletal (n = 65). Skeletal anomalies were mostly related to micrognathia (n = 14), agnathia (n = 5), dysplasia (n = 1), or reduced jaw size (n = 14). Risk of bias was moderate.

Conclusions

Key genes such as Amelx, Bmp‐2, Dspp, Enam, and Runx2 implicated in dento‐maxillofacial abnormalities in mice, detailing the most prevalent skeletal and dento‐alveolar anomalies. These findings offer insights for developing gene therapy and diagnosing congenital malformations.
The Maddox rod: Revisiting the optics
Authors: Habib Malak , Andrew Nicholas Howard
Published: December 2024

The Maddox rod is a staple in the assessment of strabismus. However, its optics mechanism is puzzling. How is it that an orthogonal line focus is formed? Surprisingly, few texts offer an explanation and those that do either provide insufficient detail, contain misleading information or are difficult to follow. There is a prevalent misconception that multiple cylinders are required for the orthogonal line focus to appear. However, this is untrue; Maddox himself only used a single cylinder when he first described the phenomenon. Herein, we review the optics explanations provided in a sample of texts and offer an accurate explanation using the biplanar principle of astigmatic refraction.
Reassessing pyrazinamide: Disentangling the myth of dose‐dependent hepatotoxicity and advancing dosing strategies in elderly tuberculosis patients
Authors: Patamatamkul Samadhi
Published: December 2024

See related article
Knowledge of local snakes, first‐aid and prevention of snakebites among community health workers and community members in rural Malawi: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Aron Moses Banda , Munyaneza Fabien , Rosenthal Anat , Dullie Luckson , Krumkamp Ralf , Ndarama Enoch , Mailosi Bright , May Jürgen , Nhlema Basimenye , Sambani Clara , Hosemann Deborah , Rae Jade , Rahden Paul , Blessmann Jörg , Kreuels Benno
Published: December 2024

Objective

Snakebite envenoming remains a public health threat in many tropical countries. While community knowledge of local snakes and snakebite first‐aid and prevention are needed to reduce snakebite incidence and improve the outcomes for snakebite patients, it is poor in many communities. We assessed community health workers and community members regarding their knowledge on local snakes, snakebite first‐aid and prevention in Neno district, Malawi.

Methods

In November 2022, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey among 312 community health workers and 379 community members in the Neno District of Malawi to assess their knowledge of snake identification, snakebite first‐aid, and prevention. Different questions were asked in these sections and summarised as linear scores ranging from 0% to 100%. Scores of 0%–49%, 50%–70%, and >70% were considered inadequate, fairly adequate, and adequate, respectively. Along with data collected during knowledge assessments, the socio‐demographic characteristics of participants were collected. To assess knowledge differences between community health workers and community members, Pearson's chi‐square or Fisher's exact tests were used, and linear regression was calculated to investigate possible predictors of knowledge.

Results

Overall, 66.6% of participants were females with a median age of 39 (IQR = 30–48) years. Of the 89% (n = 615) who agreed to view snake pictures, only 1.3% had adequate snake identification knowledge. Less than 5% (n = 33) had adequate knowledge of first aid measures, and 14.3% (n = 99) had adequate knowledge of prevention practices. Overall, less than 1% (n = 3) had adequate knowledge across the three assessment sections, with no significant difference between community health workers (n = 1, 0.3%) and community members (n = 2, 0.5%) (p > 0.949).

Conclusion

Both community health workers and community members had inadequate knowledge regarding local snake species, first aid for snakebites and prevention measures. The effect of awareness campaigns and other education initiatives could be explored to help improve these gaps.
Computed tomography‐guided drainage of a canine intracerebral abscess
Authors: Seddon Kathleen , Stewart Georgina
Published: December 2024

An approximately 7‐week‐old female American Bulldog was presented for head injury and seizures. The dog was obtunded with absent left‐sided postural reactions, absent left palpebral reflex, delayed vestibulo‐ocular reflex bilaterally, and calvarial hyperesthesia. CT revealed a fragmented, depressed fracture of the right frontal bone, with an associated abscess and evidence of raised intracranial pressure. The dog initially declined on medical management. Following a CT‐guided drainage procedure, the dog improved and remained clinically well twenty months later. This is the first report of minimally‐invasive sequential CT allowing successful drainage and culture of a canine intracerebral abscess.
Comprehensive radiographic grading system and clinical outcomes of canine tibial avulsion fractures in dogs
Authors: Alas Oscar , Gallastegui Aitor , Hernandez Jorge , Johnson Matthew
Published: December 2024

The tibial apophysis is a separate center of ossification in the proximal tibia of skeletally immature dogs. Because it is made of cartilage during development, it is prone to fractures (avulsions) and other tensile‐related injuries. One prior veterinary study proposed a classification system for proximal tibial apophyseal fractures, but this study did not include fractures that involved the proximal tibial physis or metaphysis, which have been described in human classification systems. The objectives of the study reported here were (1) to characterize and establish a radiographic grading system of proximal tibial apophyseal fractures in dogs, (2) to investigate the intra‐ and interobserver agreements of the proposed grading system, and (3) to identify associations between fracture types and patient signalment, surgical fixation, and clinical outcomes. This is a retrospective and observational study where images were assessed twice in a randomized order at least two weeks apart by three observers. The most frequent fracture configurations were type 1 (33/49, 67.3%) and type 5 (13/49, 26.5%), followed by type 4 (2/49, 4%) and type 2 (1/49, 2%). A fracture configuration type 3 was not identified. Dogs with a concurrent fibular fracture were associated with type 4 and 5 tibial avulsion fractures (P < .01). The intraobserver agreement for observers 1 and 2 was kappa ≥0.88, and for observer 3, kappa = 0.63. In conclusion, this study introduces an enhanced classification system for tibial apophyseal fractures in dogs, demonstrating substantial to moderate intraobserver reliability and moderate to modest interobserver agreement.
Gross target volume contouring in canine extra‐axial brain tumors: Effects of magnetic resonance image slice thickness and time between subsequent image sets
Authors: Poirier Valerie J. , Gieger Tracy , Jensen Monica , Hocker Samuel , Pinard Christopher J. , James Fiona M. K. , Nykamp Stephanie
Published: December 2024

Accurate determination of the gross target volume (GTV) is critical in radiation treatment planning, as errors could result in underdosing of the tumor or overdosing of nearby organs at risk. This multicenter retrospective observational serial measurement study evaluated the effects of variations in MRI slice thickness and a time delay between the diagnostic (MRI‐1) and RT planning (MRI‐2) MRIs GTV contouring in dogs with presumed meningiomas. The hypothesis was that the GTV would increase in size with time on T1‐weighted sequences with contrast. Inclusion required paired MRI acquisition within 3 months. The GTV was contoured on each MRI. Forty‐six dogs were included. Slice thickness was significantly different (P < .001) between MRIs: MRI‐1 had a median of 3.9 mm (range: 0.8–6 mm; only two dogs <2 mm), and MRI‐2 had a median of 0.9 mm (range: 0.6–4.5 mm; only two dogs >2 mm). The median time between MRIs was 22 days (range: 8–74 days). The MRI‐1 GTV was significantly different from MRI‐2 GTV (P < .0001); thirty (65%) were larger, five were equal in size, and 12 were smaller than the MRI‐2 GTV. This difference in GTV is likely due to the slice thickness differences between MRI acquisitions rather than changes in tumor size due to the short time interval between MRI‐1 and MRI‐2. This finding highlights the differences between diagnostic and RT treatment‐planning MRIs. For brain tumor target contouring, an MRI at the same time as the RT planning CT with <1 mm slice thickness, 3D acquisitions, and anisotropic voxel is recommended.
Clinical application and prognostic value of computed tomography examination in foals diagnosed with osteomyelitis: Forty‐four cases
Authors: Buyck Camille , Zani Davide D , Robert Mickaël , Gustafsson Kajsa
Published: December 2024

Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly recognized as superior to conventional imaging methods for diagnosing osteomyelitis in foals. However, comprehensive studies in this area are limited. This study aims to report on clinical cases of osteomyelitis in foals, establishing a relationship between CT findings and survival outcomes. Additionally, it compares CT imaging with conventional methods such as radiography and ultrasound.

We hypothesized that CT variables would more accurately predict survival than other clinical factors and provide more detailed information about osteomyelitis lesions. This retrospective study included foals presenting at a single equine referral hospital between July 2019 and December 2022. Inclusion criteria were: (1) foals less than 9 months of age, (2) presumptive clinical diagnosis of osteomyelitis, and (3) CT examination for further evaluation.

Forty‐four foals met the criteria; 29 (66%) survived to discharge, and 23 (55%) had long‐term survival. Key variables associated with survival included joint collapse (P = .011, OR, 0.054, 95% CI, 0.006–0.506) and lesions in multiple locations (P = .015, OR, 0.19, 95% CI, 0.05–0.7). In 93% of cases, CT examination modified the diagnosis, revealing improved lesion localization (72%), lesion size (76%), or detecting additional lesions (45%).

Common lesions involved the axial and proximal appendicular skeletons, with 8 foals (18%) having only axial skeleton involvement and 5 (11%) presenting with both axial and appendicular lesions. Coxofemoral joint involvement was diagnosed in 12 foals (27%), while pelvic lesions were found in 8 (18%).

These findings underscore the critical role of CT in identifying and localizing complex lesions, ultimately improving prognostic assessments.
MRI findings in six dogs with ependymoma of the brain and spinal cord
Authors: Griffin John F , Stevenson William S , Nelson Nathan C , Chen Annie V , Hecht Silke , Porter Brian F , Boudreau C Elizabeth , Specchi Swan , Bernardini Marco , Mai Wilfried
Published: December 2024

There are few published descriptions of the MRI appearance of canine intracranial or spinal cord ependymoma. In this multicenter, retrospective, secondary analysis, case series study, three veterinary radiologists independently reviewed and recorded imaging characteristics of MRI studies in six dogs with histopathologically confirmed ependymoma (three intracranial and three spinal cord cases). A consensus was reached when there was disagreement on specific features. All intracranial ependymomas had forebrain location, heterogeneous signal intensity in T1‐weighted (T1W) and T2‐weighted (T2W) images, heterogeneous contrast enhancement, and hyperintensity in T2W images. Two ependymomas had an intraventricular location; one was intra‐axial. Other imaging features included intralesional cyst‐like structures, intralesional hemorrhage, and perilesional edema. Dogs with spinal cord ependymoma had intramedullary lesions located in the cervical or thoracic spinal cord. Spinal cord ependymomas were isointense and homogeneous in T1W images and hyperintense in T2W images. Lesion location relative to the central canal of the spinal cord was variable. All three spinal cord ependymomas had perilesional T2W hyperintensity and moderate, heterogeneous contrast enhancement. None of the spinal cord ependymomas had intralesional cyst‐like structures. One spinal cord ependymoma had evidence of drop metastases (diffuse, leptomeningeal). MRI features of canine ependymomas overlap with those of other diseases of the brain and spinal cord. Ependymoma should be considered a differential diagnosis for dogs with intraventricular, intra‐axial forebrain, or intramedullary spinal cord masses.
Usefulness of computed tomography findings for predicting soft tissue sarcoma grades
Authors: Jeong Jeongyun , Kim Myounghun , Koo Jongwon , Joo Yewon , Yu Heejung , Kim Minjoo , Kwak Jungmin , Kim Jaehwan , Eom Kidong
Published: December 2024

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors that originate from mesenchymal cells. Imaging plays an important role in the assessment of the oncological stage of STSs. Computed tomography findings facilitate the identification of the tumor location and margins in relation to the surrounding anatomic boundaries and thereby enable preoperative planning of tumor management. The histological grade is among the most important parameters that affect tumor recurrence and metastasis rates. However, the prediction of STS histological grades using CT characteristics has not yet been elucidated. This study retrospectively investigated CT findings of patients with different STS grades for differentiation. Thirty dogs with STSs (12 Grade 1, 10 Grade 2, and 8 Grade 3) were included from three animal hospitals. The investigated CT features included tumor delineation, dysmorphic intratumoral or peritumoral vessels, contrast enhancement patterns, peripheral rim enhancement, intratumoral calcification, degree of intratumoral cystic lesions, peritumoral fat stranding, metastatic regional lymphadenopathy, and lung metastasis. Quantitative findings included tumor size and pre‐ and postcontrast attenuation. Tumor size, dysmorphic intratumoral or peritumoral vessels, peritumoral fat stranding, and metastatic regional lymphadenopathy significantly differed among tumor grades. On post hoc analysis, Grade 3 tumors were significantly larger, had a higher prevalence of dysmorphic vessels than Grade 1 tumors, and had a significantly higher rate of adjacent metastatic lymphadenopathy than Grade 2 tumors. Predicting STS grades before the histopathological examination could potentially aid in the planning of the STS resection margins.
The Impact of Instagram on Turkish University Students’ Attitudes toward Political Parties
Authors: Malkawi Omar Suleiman Saleh
Published: December 2024

This study sought to find out the nature of the effects of the Instagram platform in forming the attitudes of Turkish university students towards political parties in Turkey. In addition, the study aimed to find out the motives and reasons for students' follow-up to the Instagram platform. To achieve the goal of the study, the researcher relied on descriptive studies, and within their framework, he used the survey method, through the application of the method of surveying the public with the sample. He distributed the electronic questionnaire to the study sample, which numbered (408) Turkish university students according to the appropriate sample method. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which were the following: Most Turkish students use Instagram for more than three hours a day and the main reason for following Instagram is that it is first: "easy to use" and then "characterized by multimedia (photos, videos and audio). The study also found that the most digital technology that contributed to the formation of Turkish university students' attitudes towards political parties was (Stories) technology followed by Live Video technology. As for the effects of the Instagram knowledge platform, it was an answer that contributed to my knowledge of the role played by political parties. "It is the highest and the emotional effects were an answer that increased my conviction of the importance and role of political parties." As for the behavioral effects, "supporting some parties and standing by them and supporting them" was the highest among the answers. The study also found a low-level positive relationship (r=.206**) between the attitudes of Turkish university students towards political parties and the effects of the Instagram platform in general, where (P<0.05), in addition to a low-level positive relationship (r=.144**) between the attitudes of Turkish university students towards political parties and the digital technologies of the Instagram platform, where (P<0.05).
Maximal dimensional subalgebras of general Cartan‐type Lie algebras
Authors: Bell Jason , Buzaglo Lucas
Published: December 2024

Let be a field of characteristic zero and let be the general Cartan‐type Lie algebra. In this paper, we study Lie subalgebras of of maximal Gelfand–Kirillov (GK) dimension, that is, with .

For , we completely classify such , proving a conjecture of the second author. As a corollary, we obtain a new proof that satisfies the Dixmier conjecture, in other words, , a result first shown by Du.

For arbitrary , we show that if is a GK‐dimension subalgebra of , then is not (left or right) noetherian.
Modular representations of the Yangian Y2$Y_2$
Authors: Chang Hao , Hu Jinxin , Topley Lewis
Published: December 2024

Let be the Yangian associated to the general linear Lie algebra , defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic . In this paper, we study the representation theory of the restricted Yangian . This leads to a description of the representations of , whose ‐character is nilpotent with Jordan type given by a two‐row partition .
Robotics: Road Ahead for Mechanical and Physical Necessities, Bridging Artificial Intelligence, and Integration Challenges
Authors: Wiens Gloria J.
Published: December 2024

On behalf of the ASME Robotics Technology Group and its Working Groups, this paper provides a preview of their recently published 2024 ASME Robotics Roadmap. The onset of Industry 5.0 and its coexistence with Industry 4.0 are moving robots and manufacturing from traditional automation into the “smart manufacturing” realm. With conflicting priorities of productivity and safety, building mutual “trust” between robots and humans will require bridging the sensing and artificial intelligence (AI) with the mechanical-n-physical necessities to successfully augment the robot's awareness and intelligence. To this end, the ASME Robotics Technology Group convened several working groups to produce a robotics roadmap that embodies the mechanical engineering aspects. The roadmap was written with the aim (1) to embody mechanical and physical necessities and bridge the gaps between AI and integration challenges; (2) to identify critical trends, top-of-market challenges, and knowledge gaps; and (3) to identify opportunities in the journey path to get there and in strengthening the mechanical engineering footprint in robotics technology. While robotics cuts across many technological areas, industry segments, and applications for the greater good, the focus is on identifying what are the enabling technologies and science needed for: human–robot physical interaction and beyond physical; robot-to-robot and robot-to-(autonomous) machine collaboration; increasing robot repeatability and accuracy; space-based robotic manufacturing and assembly; human-centered manufacturing; risk and safety aspects of robotics; and what should ASME, government, and industry do to advance robotics. The roadmap is to serve as a guidepost for ASME robotics activities, its membership, and the robotics community-at-large.
An Improved Iterative Predictive Model for Grinding Residual Stress Considering Material Microstructure Evolution
Authors: Zhao Man , Li Lihao , Zhang Zhihui , Liu Gang , Zhang Liqiang , Feng Yixuan , Liang Steven Y.
Published: December 2024

During micro-grinding, multiple abrasive grains on grinding wheel circulate on the workpiece causing alternating mechanical and thermal loads which result in microstructure evolution. The microstructure evolution affects the flow stress of the material, which in turn affects force and temperature. This paper thoroughly investigates the cyclic iterative mechanism and proposes an analytical model to predict micro-grinding-induced residual stress. In this investigation, the flow stress model is developed considering temperature, strain, strain rate, yield stress, and material microstructure evolution, based on which, the micro-grinding force and temperature are calculated. On the basis, the evolution of grain size and phases transformation induced by force and temperature are calculated, in turn affected grinding force by flow stress. Then, the analytical model of residual stress is proposed incorporating the stresses induced by mechanical and thermal loadings as well as microstructure evolution. Moreover, the elastic or plastic deformation is determined according to Von-Mises criterion with the developed plastic modulus model in the stress relaxation process. Finally, the residual stress is measured to validate the improved iterative model. By comparing the traditional models, the results indicated that the developed cyclic iterative model obtains a higher accurate prediction of residua stress.
Neutron Activation Analysis of Environmental Samples at the Training Reactor VR-1
Authors: Krechlerova Alena , Stefanik Milan
Published: December 2024

Described research work is focused on the study of environmental pollution in the Czech Republic using an instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The samples of mosses and alluvial soils were irradiated at the VR-1 training reactor utilizing a nondestructive (instrumental) method of NAA at the Czech Technical University in Prague. Subsequently, the gamma-ray spectra of investigated samples were measured at a semiconductor high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples of alluvial soils and mosses from nine regions in the Czech Republic was performed. The presence of Na, K, Ti, V, Al, Au, Mn, Fe, and others was revealed in the studied samples. Apart from these, Ba, Br, As, or Hg were found using qualitative analysis. Depending on the obtained production rates, the amount of Na, K, Al, Au, As, Ti, V, and Fe was determined. Based on the results, it can be verified that the VR-1 training reactor is a suitable device for identifying the composition and concentration of the environmental samples. In the future, more data utilizable for environmental pollution monitoring can be obtained.