bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact Analysis of Basketball Exercise Strength Based on Machine Learning in the Mental Health of College Students
Authors: Zhang Ran
Published: September 2022

In the current environment of globalization, the communication between people is gradually getting closer, and the society is becoming more and more complex. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, people are more skilled in applying science and technology to their own concerns. College students are about to enter the society, will feel multiple pressure from family, school, and society, study and life problems will gradually convert into mental health problems, and we need to use machine learning basketball exercise to positively affect the mental health quality of college students. The improvement of living conditions makes people pay more attention to their physical and mental health, and learn to use machine learning sports reasonably, not only basketball exercise, to improve mental health diseases. However, we need to use machine learning to identify the different effects of different basketball exercise intensity on mental health, in order to ensure that the most appropriate basketball exercise intensity brings good aspects to the mental health of college students. Through the investigation and data sampling, it can be concluded that the machine learning-based basketball exercise intensity has a positive impact on the mental health of college students.
[Retracted] Research on the Development Path of Community Education Curriculum from Marx’s Perspective Based on Big Data
Authors: Sun Zhila
Published: September 2022

Community education curriculum is the key link to achieve the goal of community education; it is an educational activity that uses the educational and cultural resources of the community and faces all residents in the community; promoting the innovation of community education curriculum is the new mission of the development of contemporary community education, in order to explore the development path of community education curriculum from Marx’s perspective under big data and study its educational value and development path. By comparing the development paths of community education in different environments, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis and evaluation and analyzes the value of coupling degree. It can be seen that the use of big data technology has a positive impact on the development of new education models, the development of community education and platform management, and the learning motivation of residents. We should make breakthroughs and innovations on the basis of the traditional education model, realize the value concept of lifelong education, and follow Marx’s socialist development concept; it can better promote the development of residents and communities in the community and provide more effective data value and data support for the development path of community education in the future.
Information Approach for Change Point Analysis of EGGAPE Distribution and Application to COVID-19 Data
Authors: Kilai Mutua , Waititu Gichuhi A. , Kibira Wanjoya A. , Aldallal Ramy , Bakr M. E. , Tashkandy Yusra A. , Riad Fathy H.
Published: September 2022

The exponentiated generalized Gull alpha power exponential distribution is an extension of the exponential distribution that can model data characterized by various shapes of the hazard function. However, change point problem has not been studied for this distribution. In this study, the change point detection of the parameters of the exponentiated generalized Gull alpha power exponential distribution is studied using the modified information criterion. In addition, the binary segmentation procedure is used to identify multiple change point locations. The assumption is that all the parameters of the EGGAPE distributions are considered changeable. Simulation study is conducted to illustrate the power of the modified information criterion in detecting change point in the parameters with different sample sizes. Three applications related to COVID-19 data are used to demonstrate the applicability of the MIC in detecting change point in real life scenario.
The Effect of Nintedanib in Post-COVID-19 Lung Fibrosis: An Observational Study
Authors: Saiphoklang Narongkorn , Patanayindee Pimchanok , Ruchiwit Pitchayapa
Published: September 2022

Background. Lung fibrosis is a sequela of COVID-19 among patients with severe pneumonia. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung fibrosis due to COVID-19 may share many similar features. There are limited data on effects of antifibrotic treatment of infection-related lung fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nintedanib on patients’ post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis. Methods. A retrospective, matched case-control study was performed on hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients who received nintedanib treatment for COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (nintedanib group) were compared to patients with standard treatment (control group). The primary outcome was oxygen improvement. The secondary outcomes were chest X-ray improvement, SpO2/FiO2 ratio improvement, mortality rates at 60 days, and adverse events. Results. A total of 42 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included (21 in each group). Mean age was 64.43 ± 14.59 years, and 54.8% were men. At baseline, SpO2/FiO2 ratio before treatment was 200.57 ± 105.77 in the nintedanib group and 326.90 ± 137.10 in the control group (

P
=
0.002

). Oxygen improvement and chest X-ray improvement were found in 71.4% and 71.4% in the nintedanib group and in 66.7% and 66.7% in the control group (

P
=
0.739

). The nintedanib group had more improvement in SpO2/FiO2 ratio than in the control group (144.38 ± 118.05 vs 55.67 ± 75.09,

P
=
0.006

). The 60-day mortality rates of the nintedanib and the control groups were 38.1% vs 23.8%,

P
=
0.317

. Hepatitis and loss of appetite were common adverse events (9.5% and 9.5%), while the incidence of diarrhea was 4.8%. Conclusions. Nintedanib as add-on treatment in post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis did not improve oxygenation, chest X-ray findings, or the 60-day mortality. However, this antifibrotic drug improved SpO2/FiO2 ratio in our patients. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy of nintedanib for treatment of patients with post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis. Trial Registration. This study was registered in TCTR20220426001.
Race Differences in Patient-Reported Symptoms during Chemotherapy among Women with Early-Stage Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Hu Xin , Kaplan Cameron M. , Martin Michelle Y. , Walker Mark S. , Stepanski Edward , Schwartzberg Lee S. , Vidal Gregory A. , Graetz Ilana
Published: September 2022

Background:

Symptom burden differences may contribute to racial disparities in breast cancer survival. We compared symptom changes from before to during chemotherapy among women with breast cancer.

Methods:

This observational study followed a cohort of Black and White women diagnosed with Stage I–III, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer from a large cancer center in 2007 to 2015, and reported symptoms before and during chemotherapy. We identified patients who experienced a one-standard deviation (SD) increase in symptom burden after starting chemotherapy using four validated composite scores (General Physical Symptoms, Treatment Side Effects, Acute Distress, and Despair). Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition was used to quantify race differences in symptom changes explained by baseline characteristics (sociodemographic, baseline scores, cancer stage) and first-line chemotherapy regimens.

Results:

Among 1,273 patients, Black women (n = 405, 31.8%) were more likely to report one-SD increase in General Physical Symptoms (55.6% vs. 48.2%, P = 0.015), Treatment Side Effects (74.0% vs. 63.4%, P < 0.001), and Acute Distress (27.4% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.010) than White women. Baseline characteristics and first-line chemotherapy regimens explained a large and significant proportion of the difference in Acute Distress changes (93.7%, P = 0.001), but not General Physical Symptoms (25.7%, P = 0.25) or Treatment Side Effects (16.4%, P = 0.28).

Conclusions:

Black women with early-stage breast cancer were more likely to experience significant increases in physical and psychological symptom burden during chemotherapy. Most of the difference in physical symptom changes remained unexplained by baseline characteristics, which suggests inadequate symptom management among Black women.

Impact:

Future studies should identify strategies to improve symptom management among Black women and reduce differences in symptom burden.

See related commentary by Rosenzweig and Mazanec, p. 157
Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Esophageal Cancer: a Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Han Kyungdo , Yoo Juhwan , Yeo Yohwan , Cho In Young , Cho Belong , Park Jin-Ho , Shin Dong Wook , Cho Jong Ho , Park Yong-Moon
Published: September 2022

Background:

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is believed to increase the risk of esophageal cancer. However, most studies have been conducted in Western countries, focusing on esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We aimed to investigate the association between MetS and risk of esophageal cancer in nationally representative large dataset in Korea, where esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is predominant.

Methods:

We analyzed the health examinations and claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). A total of 6,795,738 subjects who received an NHIS provided health examination in 2009 (index year) were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable adjusted HRs (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of MetS and its components (elevated waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) with the risk of esophageal cancer.

Results:

During a mean (± SD) follow-up of 8.2 (± 1.1) years, 6,414 cases of esophageal cancer occurred. MetS was associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer (aHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05–1.18). Among the components of MetS, elevated waist circumference (aHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16–1.33), high blood pressure (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22–1.37), and fasting blood glucose (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11–1.22) were associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer.

Conclusions:

MetS was associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer.

Impact:

Our findings suggest that individuals with MetS may be at increased risk for esophageal cancer, specifically ESCC. Further studies are needed to establish the relationship between MetS and esophageal cancer.
Serologic Profiling Using an Epstein-Barr Virus Mammalian Expression Library Identifies EBNA1 IgA as a Prediagnostic Marker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Paudel Sarita , Warner Benjamin E. , Wang Renwei , Adams-Haduch Jennifer , Reznik Alex S. , Dou Jason , Huang Yufei , Gao Yu-Tang , Koh Woon-Puay , Bäckerholm Alan , Yuan Jian-Min , Shair Kathy H.Y.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The favorable prognosis of stage I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has motivated a search for biomarkers for the early detection and risk assessment of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated NPC. Although EBV seropositivity is ubiquitous among adults, a spike in antibodies against select EBV proteins is a harbinger of NPC. A serologic survey would likely reveal which EBV antibodies could discriminate those at risk of developing NPC.

Experimental Design:

Lysates from a new EBV mammalian expression library were used in a denaturing multiplex immunoblot assay to survey antibodies against EBV in sera collected from healthy individuals who later developed NPC (incident cases) in a prospective cohort from Singapore and validated in an independent cohort from Shanghai, P.R. China.

Results:

We show that IgA against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) discriminated incident NPC cases from matched controls with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity up to 4 years before diagnosis in both Singapore and Shanghai cohorts. Incident NPC cases had a greater IgG repertoire against lytic-classified EBV proteins, and the assortment of IgA against EBV proteins detected by the immunoblot assay increased closer to diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Although NPC tumors consistently harbor latent EBV, the observed heightened systemic and mucosal immunity against lytic-classified antigens years prior to clinical diagnosis is consistent with enhanced lytic transcription. We conclude that an expanding EBV mucosal reservoir (which can be latent and/or lytic) is a risk factor for NPC. This presents an opportunity to identify those at risk of developing NPC using IgA against EBNA1 as a biomarker.
Obesity Is Associated with Altered Tumor Metabolism in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Hahn Andrew W. , Menk Ashley V. , Rivadeneira Dayana B. , Augustin Ryan C. , Xu Mingchu , Li Jun , Wu Xiaogang , Mishra Aditya K. , Gide Tuba N. , Quek Camelia , Zang Yan , Spencer Christine N. , Menzies Alexander M. , Daniel Carrie R. , Hudgens Courtney W. , Nowicki Theodore , Haydu Lauren E. , Khan M.A. Wadud , Gopalakrishnan Vancheswaran , Burton Elizabeth M. , Malke Jared , Simon Julie M. , Bernatchez Chantale , Putluri Nagireddy , Woodman Scott E. , Vashisht Gopal Y.N. , Guerrieri Renato , Fischer Grant M. , Wang Jian , Wani Khalida M. , Thompson John F. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Hwu Patrick , Ajami Nadim , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Long Georgina V. , Scolyer Richard A. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Lazar Alexander J. , Schadendorf Dirk , Wargo Jennifer A. , Kirkwood John M. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Liang Han , Futreal Andrew , Zhang Jianhua , Wilmott James S. , Peng Weiyi , Davies Michael A. , Delgoffe Greg M. , Najjar Yana G. , McQuade Jennifer L.
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

Overweight/obese (OW/OB) patients with metastatic melanoma unexpectedly have improved outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and BRAF-targeted therapies. The mechanism(s) underlying this association remain unclear, thus we assessed the integrated molecular, metabolic, and immune profile of tumors, as well as gut microbiome features, for associations with patient body mass index (BMI).

Experimental Design:

Associations between BMI [normal (NL < 25) or OW/OB (BMI ≥ 25)] and tumor or microbiome characteristics were examined in specimens from 782 patients with metastatic melanoma across 7 cohorts. DNA associations were evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. RNA sequencing from 4 cohorts (n = 357) was batch corrected and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) by BMI category was performed. Metabolic profiling was conducted in a subset of patients (x = 36) by LC/MS, and in flow-sorted melanoma tumor cells (x = 37) and patient-derived melanoma cell lines (x = 17) using the Seahorse XF assay. Gut microbiome features were examined in an independent cohort (n = 371).

Results:

DNA mutations and copy number variations were not associated with BMI. GSEA demonstrated that tumors from OW/OB patients were metabolically quiescent, with downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and multiple other metabolic pathways. Direct metabolite analysis and functional metabolic profiling confirmed decreased central carbon metabolism in OW/OB metastatic melanoma tumors and patient-derived cell lines. The overall structure, diversity, and taxonomy of the fecal microbiome did not differ by BMI.

Conclusions:

These findings suggest that the host metabolic phenotype influences melanoma metabolism and provide insight into the improved outcomes observed in OW/OB patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ICIs and targeted therapies.

See related commentary by Smalley, p. 5
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
Attenuates CKD via Butyrate-Renal GPR43 Axis
Authors: Li Hong-Bao , Xu Meng-Lu , Xu Xu-Dong , Tang Yu-Yan , Jiang Hong-Li , Li Lu , Xia Wen-Jie , Cui Nan , Bai Juan , Dai Zhi-Ming , Han Bei , Li Ying , Peng Bo , Dong Yuan-Yuan , Aryal Sachin , Manandhar Ishan , Eladawi Mahmoud Ali , Shukla Rammohan , Kang Yu-Ming , Joe Bina , Yang Tao
Published: September 2022

Background:

Despite available clinical management strategies, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with severe morbidity and mortality worldwide, which beckons new solutions. Host-microbial interactions with a depletion of
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
in CKD are reported. However, the mechanisms about if and how
F prausnitzii
can be used as a probiotic to treat CKD remains unknown.

Methods:

We evaluated the microbial compositions in 2 independent CKD populations for any potential probiotic. Next, we investigated if supplementation of such probiotic in a mouse CKD model can restore gut-renal homeostasis as monitored by its effects on suppression on renal inflammation, improvement in gut permeability and renal function. Last, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the probiotic-induced beneficial outcomes.

Results:

We observed significant depletion of
Faecalibacterium
in the patients with CKD in both Western (n=283) and Eastern populations (n=75). Supplementation of
F prausnitzii
to CKD mice reduced renal dysfunction, renal inflammation, and lowered the serum levels of various uremic toxins. These are coupled with improved gut microbial ecology and intestinal integrity. Moreover, we demonstrated that the beneficial effects in kidney induced by
F prausnitzii
-derived butyrate were through the GPR (G protein-coupled receptor)-43.

Conclusions:

Using a mouse CKD model, we uncovered a novel beneficial role of
F prausnitzii
in the restoration of renal function in CKD, which is, at least in part, attributed to the butyrate-mediated GPR-43 signaling in the kidney. Our study provides the necessary foundation to harness the therapeutic potential of
F prausnitzii
for ameliorating CKD.
MST1 Suppresses Disturbed Flow Induced Atherosclerosis
Authors: Quan Meixi , Lv Huizhen , Liu Zening , Li Kan , Zhang Chenghu , Shi Lei , Yang XinYu , Lei Ping , Zhu Yi , Ai Ding
Published: September 2022

Background:

Atherosclerosis occurs mainly at arterial branching points exposed to disturbed blood flow. How MST1 (mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1), the primary kinase in the mechanosensitive Hippo pathway modulates disturbed flow induced endothelial cells (ECs) activation and atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Methods:

To assess the role of MST1 in vivo, mice with EC-specific
Mst1
deficiency on

ApoE
−/−

background (

Mst1
iECKO
ApoE
−/−

) were used in an atherosclerosis model generated by carotid artery ligation. Mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, and dye uptake assay were used to identify the functional substrate of MST1. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human aortic endothelial cells were subjected to oscillatory shear stress that mimic disturbed flow in experiments conducted in vitro.

Results:

We found that the phosphorylation of endothelial MST1 was significantly inhibited in oscillatory shear stress-exposed regions of human and mouse arteries and ECs. Ectopic lenti-mediated overexpression of wild-type MST1, but not a kinase-deficient mutant of MST1, reversed disturbed flow-caused EC activation and atherosclerosis in EC-specific
Mst1
deficiency on

ApoE
−/−

background (

Mst1
iECKO
ApoE
−/−

). Inhibition of MST1 by oscillatory shear stress led to reduced phosphorylation of Cx43 (connexin 43) at Ser255, the Cx43 hemichannel open, EC activation, and atherosclerosis, which were blocked by TAT-GAP19, a Cx43 hemichannel inhibitory peptide. Mass spectrometry studies identified that Filamin B fueled the translocation of Cx43 to lipid rafts for further hemichannel open. Finally, lenti-mediated overexpression of the Cx43
S255
mutant into glutamate to mimic phosphorylation blunted disturbed flow-induced EC activation, thereby inhibiting the atherogenesis in both

ApoE
−/−

and
Mst1

iECKO

ApoE
−/−

mice.

Conclusions:

Our study reveals that inhibition of the MST1-Cx43 axis is an essential driver of oscillatory shear stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, which provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Opening Questions in Visual Working Memory
Authors: Nobre Anna C.
Published: September 2022

In this reflective piece on visual working memory, I depart from the laboriously honed skills of writing a review. Instead of integrating approaches, synthesizing evidence, and building a cohesive perspective, I scratch my head and share niggles and puzzlements. I expose where my scholarship and understanding are stumped by findings and standard views in the literature.
The Task Bind: Explaining Gender Differences in Managerial Tasks and Performance
Authors: Feldberg Alexandra C.
Published: September 2022

This multi-method study of managers in a grocery chain identifies a novel mechanism by which threats of gender stereotypes undermine women’s ability to be effective managers. I find that women managers face a task bind, a dilemma that managers experience as they try to disprove a negative group stereotype by doubling down on one set of tasks at the expense of other essential tasks. My analysis of interview, observational, and archival data reveals that, compared to men, women do more tasks in front of subordinates—in this setting, supervisory tasks “on the floor” of the store—in order to showcase their qualifications as managers. In doing so, they forgo attention to other tasks that are less public but no less important to being effective managers—in this setting, planning tasks in the office of the store. Neglecting office tasks ultimately undermines the profitability of women managers’ departments. This study’s identification of the task bind has implications for theory and practice related to stereotype threat and women leaders, showing how the threat of negative gender stereotypes, prompted here by concern about subordinates’ perceptions, can affect managers’ behaviors in ways that detract from the performance of managers themselves and that of their organizations.
Giant Cell Arteritis: Focusing on Current Aspects From the Clinic to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Vaiopoulos Aristeidis , Kanakis Meletios , Vaiopoulos George , Samanidis George , Kaklamanis Phedon
Published: September 2022

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous arteritis involving large arteries, particularly the aorta and its major proximal branches, including the carotid and temporal arteries. GCA involves individuals over 50 years old. The etiopathogenesis of GCA may involve a genetic background triggered by unknown environmental factors (eg infections), the activation of dendritic cells as well as inflammatory and vascular remodeling. However, its pathogenetic mechanism still remains unclear, although progress has been made in recent years. In the past, inflammatory markers and arterial biopsy were considered as gold standard for the diagnosis of GCA. However, emerging imaging methods have been made more sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of GCA. Treatment includes biological and other modalities including interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitors.
Learning in the shadow of eugenics: Why segregated schooling persists in Australia
Authors: de Bruin Kate
Published: September 2022

Inclusive education is a global priority and binding obligation for Australia to meet as a signatory to international human rights treaties. It is also supported by evidence as an effective model of schooling for all students and supporting those with disability. Yet segregation remains deeply embedded within the education systems of all states and territories and the Australian Government has indicated its commitment to retaining it. In this article, I present a policy analysis using the concept of path dependency to identify historical events that created this dual track of segregated and regular education settings as well as the mechanisms that maintain it. I show that eugenic anxieties were fundamental in the formalised creation of segregated education settings. I also show that their expansion was fuelled by the rise of disability assessments, particularly the assessment of intellectual disability, and remain embedded in current policy even when they are antithetical to its goals. I conclude with suggestions for how this might be overcome and what it might take to achieve an inclusive education system in Australia.
Enhancing the Green Climate Fund operations through a climate justice lens
Authors: Salazar Virgemarie , Katigbak Jovito Jose P
Published: September 2022

The prevailing issues in the Green Climate Fund on implementation and governance can be seen as symptoms of the ills of the international climate finance architecture. These are compounded by the inadequate financial support provided by developed countries to developing countries and the low volume of funding channelled to adaptation projects. Evidently, the cited issues highlight the need to fully integrate the principles of justice and equity into the global climate change regime. Thus, this policy brief discusses the key challenges related to climate finance, and outlines several options and considerations on improving the Green Climate Fund operations using a climate justice lens. This paper intends to take a more normative and ethical discussion on the topic of climate finance.
So Radically Jewish that He’s an Evangelical Christian: N.T. Wright’s Judeophobic and Privileged Paul
Authors: Young Stephen L.
Published: September 2022

N.T. Wright remains an influential biblical interpreter among evangelical and conservative-mainline Christians. Critiques of his readings of Paul by scholars from the wider academy are not common in these spaces. This article illustrates the historical inaccuracies, Judeophobia, and erasures of exploitation that animate Wright’s discussions of Paul and philosophy, ancient Judaism, and the question of whether Paul was counter-cultural in Paul and the Faithfulness of God. Ultimately the apostle becomes a ventriloquist for the narratives, fixations, and voices that are comfortable to Wright’s readers, especially since they elide the people who do not benefit from the Christianity of Wright’s Paul.
Christ Doesn’t Fit: Paul Replaces His Two Age Inheritance with Christ
Authors: Jervis L. Ann
Published: September 2022

This essay reevaluates the widespread assumption that Paul modified a Jewish apocalyptic two-age dualism framework in light of Christ’s resurrection and offers an alternative explanation: that God’s salvific goal is not the new age, but Christ. The present age and Christ are mutually exclusive realities. Moreover, believers’ sin, suffering, and physical death are not signs of the overlap of the ages, but fit life in union with Christ.
Places of Power in Paul’s Letter to the Romans
Authors: Gaventa Beverly Roberts
Published: September 2022

When Paul writes about God’s power in Romans 1:16, he takes us to the heart of his understanding of the gospel. His understanding centers on power, the divine power that rescues humanity from captivity to Sin and Death, the power by which God pursues God’s own purposes even as it empowers the creatures it redeems.
Paul and the Apocalypse of the Gospel
Authors: Kensky Meira Z.
Published: September 2022

Apocalyptic thinking permeates Paul’s ideas about the gospel, God, the present age, and what is to come. Paul in his letters not only writes about the revelations that he himself has received (Gal 1:11–12, 2:2), but also how the gospel reveals God’s ultimate justice (Rom 1:17). Apocalypticism as an ideology is fundamentally concerned with justice and the expectation of a future intervention that will conclusively reconcile the injustices of the world with the justice of God. Though of course Paul never sat down and wrote an “Apocalypse” or even an apocalyptic letter, his letters reveal glimpses of the apocalyptic ways Paul thought about the world and humanity’s place in it. This article reviews the history and main tenets of apocalypticism and then examines three fundamental areas of apocalyptic thinking as expressed in Paul’s letters: the idea of apocalypse as full disclosure, the apocalyptic promise of full justice, and Paul’s use of apocalyptic ideas to reorient his readers to thinking about true-but-hidden identity, both of the “present evil age” (Gal 1:4) and of one’s current place in it. Paul draws upon and employs apocalyptic imagery to solve practical problems in his communities, equipping them to face the world with a full cosmic perspective.
The Editor’s Note: There’s opportunity in the middle
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: September 2022

The prevailing narrative about middle school is that it’s a miserable, chaotic time. But, as Teresa Preston explains, the articles in the October 2022 issue of Kappan show that this narrative is based on stereotypes. On the contrary, the characteristics of young adolescents that make them seem awkward and difficult are the same characteristics that make middle school an exciting time for growth. The role of adults is to recognize the potential of middle school students and provide a fertile ground where they can explore, be challenged, connect, find support, and develop their identities.
‘You just have to get through it’: Letting go of enduring stereotypes about middle school
Authors: Deutsch Nancy L.
Published: September 2022

The prevailing cultural narrative about middle school is that those years are extremely difficult, and the best students can hope for is to endure them until finding relief in high school. Nancy Deutsch argues that these years are, in fact, a time of great potential if schools can abandon their stereotypes about young adolescents and create school cultures that build on their energy and willingness to explore new things. Deutsch discusses some common stereotypes about middle school and research findings that reveal the truth about the potential of students in the middle grades.
Meet students in the middle: A culturally responsive, near-peer literacy program
Authors: Shiller Jessica T. , DeShields Inte’a
Published: September 2022

The middle school years are important for social and emotional learning, and the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated social-emotional learning needs. At this age, young people are paying attention to the social world and exploring their identities and need learning environments that respond in kind. Jessica Shiller and Inte’a DeShields describe a model for middle school learning built on their need to connect with their peers, learn about their cultural identities, and receive social and emotional support. Pairing college students with middle schoolers, the model for literacy instruction produced positive results.
Clearing up misconceptions about project-based learning
Authors: Wolk Steven
Published: September 2022

After 30 years of practicing, researching, and teaching project-based learning (PBL), Steven Wolk offers insight into what he has learned. He discusses what PBL is and responds to common misunderstandings about how it works. He describes how PBL units are structured, the role of direct instruction in PBL, how students learn content and skills through PBL, and the importance of a culture of inquiry to a PBL classroom. And he shares inspirational ideas for how teachers and schools can take PBL even further, such as by designing problem-based PBL units.
Reciprocity versus Self-Interest in a Competitive Interaction Context: An Experimental Study
Authors: Greco Claudia , Esposito Anna , Cordasco Gennaro , Matarazzo Olimpia
Published: September 2022

In social interactions, the reciprocity norm implies to adjust one’s behavior to that of the other agents. Conversely, behaving according to self-interest involves taking into account the reciprocity principle only if it does not hinder the achievement of one’s goals. However, reciprocity and self-interest may conflict with each other, as when returning a kind action involves sacrificing the possibility to achieve a personal objective. The conflict could be exacerbated by some contextual factors, such as competitive pressures. This study investigated, in a competitive interaction context, which principle prevails when the two conflict. To this end, 276 unpaid participants (M = 138) took part in a two-stage experiment entailing a simulated interaction with a fictitious opponent, which behaved selfishly, fairly or altruistically toward them during the first stage. Participants had to decide whether or not to reciprocate the opponent’s previous behavior, which in the critical experimental conditions conflicted with the goal to successfully complete the experiment. So, they were faced with a moral dilemma. Competition degree was manipulated to make the conflict between reciprocity and self-interest more or less harsh. Moreover, we tested whether the putative effect of experimental manipulation was mediated by changes in context-related affective states and personal beliefs about morality. Results showed that decision-making was principally influenced by reciprocity. Regardless of the competition degree, participants preferred to engage in reciprocal behavior even when this compromised their personal interest. Affective states and beliefs changed in response to the experimental manipulation, but they did not mediate the effect of the independent variable on decision-making.
Does Sex Matter? High Semantic Autobiographical Retrieval in Women and Men With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Allain Philippe , Boutoleau-Bretonnière Claire , Chapelet Guillaume , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Ndobo André
Published: September 2022

The decline of autobiographical memory in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mainly characterized by overgenerality. While there is a large body of research on autobiographical overgenerality in AD, this research has mainly assessed retrieval with a dichotomy between specific vs. general retrieval. To go beyond this dichotomy, we assessed several degrees of autobiographical specificity in patients with AD, namely, we assessed specific vs. categoric vs. extended vs. semantic retrieval. We also assessed sex differences regarding these degrees of autobiographical specificity. We invited patients with mild AD and control participants to complete sentences (e. g., “When I think back to/of…”) with autobiographical memories. Memories were categorized into specific, categoric, extended, or semantic memories. Results demonstrated more semantic than specific, categoric or extended memories in men and women with AD. In control participants, analysis demonstrated more specific than categoric, extended, and semantic memories in men and women. Also, no significant differences were observed between women and men with AD, or between control women and men, regarding specific, categoric, extended, and semantic memoires. This study offers not only a nuanced analysis of autobiographical specificity in patients with mild AD, but also an original analysis regarding this specificity by sex.
Special color change mechanism of Disperse Red 60 in alkaline dyeing system
Authors: Ai Li , Zhu Yawei
Published: September 2022

Color Intex (C.I.) Disperse Red 60 is a bright red anthraquinone dye, but it is easy to produce dyeing defects (a kind of discoloration phenomenon, the partial color is random blue patches) in the polyester dyeing process, and the mechanism of blue patches is unknown, resulting in a low right-one-time of dyeing. To investigate the mechanism of this particular color change, the interaction between C.I. Disperse Red 60 and borax was investigated by absorbance, and samples with blue patches were prepared; the presence of B-N bonds was confirmed by testing the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) of the dyed samples. The functional additive LV200 (a polymer containing polyester and polyether) was selected to control the interaction between the Disperse Red 60 and LV200. The results showed the co-existence of the red component (1-amino-2-phenoxy-4-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone) and the blue component (1-amino-2-phenoxy-10-hydroxy-4,9-anthraquinone) of Disperse Red 60 was the main reason for the random blue patches (dye defects) during the dyeing process of C.I. Disperse Red 60. By using the functional auxiliary LV200 and the H-bonding of the polar group of the dye, the conversion of the red and blue components of the reciprocal isomers can be controlled, and both bright red polyester-dyed fabrics and purplish red polyester-dyed fabrics can be produced. This provides a theoretical guide to improving the dyeing authentic rate of C.I. Disperse Red 60.
Double-faced shading effect digital jacquard fabric with a weft-backed and warp-wadded structure
Authors: Peng Xi , Zhou Jiu
Published: September 2022

Jacquard fabric produced by a weft-backed and warp-wadded structure is a traditional figured fabric in ancient China. However, it cannot express multi-color on the face of fabric due to the restriction of the woven structure produced in the traditional manner. At present, researchers focus more on archaeological discoveries and cultural relic replication of jacquard fabrics with a weft-backed and warp-wadded structure, but neglect research on expanding the color gamut through structural innovation. To achieve rich colors and a double-faced shading effect on jacquard fabric, this paper proposes a design principle and method for the weft-backed and warp-wadded structure under the layered-combination design mode. Four structural models of the weft-backed and warp-wadded structure are combined with full-color shaded weaves, and the effectiveness of the color shading effect is verified through a fabric specimen experiment. The results show that the average lightness difference ranges from 0.80 to 1.48, the color difference ranges from 1.67 to 3.03, and the variance ranges from 0.21 to 1.27 on both sides of the fabric specimens. The resulting fabric achieves a full-color shading effect of four mixed colors and high color purity on both sides. In addition, the color shading effect is stable and ideal. The results of this study are expected to have tremendous benefits for the creation of new jacquard fabrics that will be applied to apparel and home textiles.
Enticed to settle elsewhere: Magic lantern slides and the transnational creation of European colonial citizens
Authors: van der Waal Margriet
Published: September 2022

During the early twentieth century, people across Europe were enticed by magic lantern slide shows about a wide range of topics and issues. This contribution examines magic lantern images depicting South Africa and conveyed to Dutch viewers. How did the slides shape an imaginary both of South Africa and of the viewers themselves? My analysis shows that the slides not only transmitted information about South Africa – its built infrastructure, nature, population and economic sectors (in particular, the agricultural sector) – but also conveyed a narrative that established specific social subjects hierarchized on the basis of race, ethnicity and class. A critical engagement with the imaginary carried across by this material heritage helps us to understand how it promoted a colonial, social subjectivity with which potential emigrants could identify: a rights-bearing, European citizen with the right to move to South Africa and establish a new life there. Prior to any actual emigration, then, subjects were inscribed in a history of structural and physical violence, racism, alleged White superiority, social injustices and social inequality.
A Return to the Past: A Student Perspective on Medical School Pharmacology
Authors: DelliPizzi AnnMarie
Published: September 2022

In 1989, the second‐year medical school pharmacology course at New York Medical College was revised to help improve student and faculty morale, improve scores on class exams and the U.S. Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), and encourage more active student participation in the course. Rather than incorporating new and innovative teaching techniques, the course adapted a more classical presentation of material. Traditional blackboard lectures replaced lectures aided by the use of slides, overheads, and extensive handouts. Transcripts and the tape recording of lectures were prohibited. Higher standards for students were set with the implementation of a passing grade, initially set at 65% and increased to 66%. Review sessions with senior graduate students were incorporated, and the use of live animal demonstrations was continued. Despite the return toward a more traditional classroom, students' satisfaction with the course continues to be high, with an overall 80% satisfaction rating. Attendance at lectures is quite high (≥ 80%). In addition, student scores on the USMLE continue to improve, and the number of students failing pharmacology continues to decrease. Overall, these trends indicate that the changes implemented in the pharmacology course at New York Medical College in 1989 successfully improved student participation in class and performance in the course and on the USMLE.
Dose‐Proportional and Stereospecific Pharmacokinetics of Methylphenidate Delivered Using an Osmotic, Controlled‐Release Oral Delivery System
Authors: Modi Nishit B. , Wang Bei , Noveck Robert J. , Gupta Suneel K.
Published: September 2022

Methylphenidate hydrochloride (HCl) is frequently used for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A study was conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the dose‐ranging pharmacokinetics of 18, 36, and 54 mg methylphenidate HCl delivered using an oral, osmotic, controlled‐release formulation (OROS®). Plasma concentrations of l‐methylphenidate were 40‐fold lower than those of d‐methylphenidate, whereas plasma concentrations of d‐α‐phenyl‐2‐piperidine acetic acid (d‐PPA) and l‐PPA, the major metabolite of methylphenidate, were comparable. Mean AUCinf values for d‐methylphenidate were 42.2, 80.9, and 120 ng•h/mL for the 18, 36, and 54 mg doses, respectively, increasing dose proportionally. AUCinf values for l‐methylphenidate were only ∼1% of d‐methylphenidate (0.43, 0.96, and 1.82 ng•h/mL for the 18, 36, and 54 mg dose groups, respectively). In contrast, AUCinf values of d‐ and l‐PPA were comparable. The dose‐normalized d‐ and l‐methylphenidate plasma concentration‐time profiles for the three treatment groups were superimposable. Similarly, dose‐normalized plasma concentrations of d‐ and l‐PPA were superimposable. Methylphenidate metabolism, measured as the ratio of d‐methylphenidate AUCinf to d‐PPA AUCinf and as l‐methylphenidate AUCinf to l‐PPA AUCinf, was similar for the three dose groups, indicating that methylphenidate metabolism was not affected by increasing dose. OROS® (methylphenidate HCl) exhibits dose‐proportional and linear pharmacokinetics.
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of Intravenously and Orally Administered [14C]Telmisartan in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Stangier Joachim , Schmid Jochen , Türck Dietrich , Switek Heinz , Verhagen Aalt , Peeters Pierre A. M. , van Marle Sjoerd P. , Tamminga Wim J. , Sollie Frans A. E. , Jonkman Jan H. G.
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted in healthy male volunteers to evaluate the absorption, metabolic pattern, and mode of elimination of telmisartan, a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. [14C]telmisartan was administered orally in solution as a single 40 mg dose to 5 subjects. A further 5 subjects received short‐term intravenous infusion of [14C]telmisartan 40 mg. Measurement of total 14C radioactivity in plasma showed that about 50% was absorbed following oral administration, with maximum plasma concentration observed after 0.5 to 1 hour. Absolute bioavailability was 43%. On average, 84% of total radioactivity in plasma reflected the parent compound. The remainder of total radioactivity could be ascribed to the glucuronide conjugate of telmisartan, which represented the only metabolite in man. About 99.5% of telmisartan was bound to plasma protein, mainly to albumin and α‐1‐acid glycoprotein. Telmisartan was reversibly distributed into erythrocytes. More than 90% of administered dose was excreted within 120 hours, and the excretion balance was complete 144 hours after dosing. Radioactivity was almost exclusively (> 98%) excreted via the feces; urinary excretion accounted for < 1% of the dose, irrespective of the route of administration. In the small fraction excreted into urine, the glucuronide conjugate of telmisartan was predominant. Although some telmisartan glucuronide was detected in plasma, only unchanged drug was identified in the feces. No changes in vital signs, electrocardiogram, or clinical laboratory tests were detected following telmisartan administration, and adverse events, predominantly unrelated to treatment and of mild intensity, were infrequent. One subject fainted and, on another occasion, reported faintness; these events were probably due to the antihypertensive action of the intravenous study medication.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling in Drug Research and Development
Authors: Derendorf Hartmut , Lesko Lawrence J. , Chaikin Philip , Colburn Wayne A. , Lee Peter , Miller Raymond , Powell Robert , Rhodes Gerald , Stanski Donald , Venitz Jürgen
Published: September 2022

The two domains in clinical pharmacology dealing with optimizing dosing recommendations are pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. However, the usefulness of these disciplines is limited if viewed in isolation. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships and modeling builds the bridge between these two classical disciplines of clinical pharmacology. It links the concentration‐time profile as assessed by pharmacokinetics to the intensity of observed response as quantified by pharmacodynamics. Thus, the resulting so‐called integrated PK/PD‐models allow the description of the complete time course of the desired and/or undesired effects in response to a drug therapy. PK/PD‐modeling can elucidate the causative relationship between drug exposure and response and provide a better understanding of the sequence of events that result in the observed drug effect. This information can then be used to streamline the drug development process and dose optimization. This consensus paper presents an update on the current state of PK/PD‐modeling from an academic, industrial and regulatory perspective.
Interspecies Scaling: Role of Protein Binding in the Prediction of Clearance from Animals to Humans
Authors: Mahmood Iftekhar
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study is to evaluate whether unbound clearance of a drug can be predicted more accurately than total clearance using the allometric approach and if there is any real advantage of predicting unbound clearance over total clearance. The total and unbound clearance of 20 randomly selected drugs were scaled up from the animal data (at least three animal species) obtained from the literature. Three methods were used to generate plots to scale up the clearance values: (1) total or unbound clearance versus body weight (simple allometric equation), (2) the product of total or unbound clearance and maximum life span potential (MLP) versus body weight, and (3) the product of total or unbound clearance and brain weight versus body weight. The results of this study indicate that there will be instances when unbound clearance can be predicted better than total clearance or vice versa. In conclusion, unbound clearance cannot be predicted any better than total clearance.