bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vegetation composition and structure across land use types in a rotational cultivation system in Meratus Mountain, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: REZEKIAH ARFA AGUSTINA , RUSLAN MUHAMMAD , KADIR SYARIFUDDIN , MAHMUD MAHMUD
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Rezekiah AA, Ruslan M, Kadir S, Mahmud. 2022. Vegetation composition and structure across land use types in a rotational cultivation system in Meratus Mountain, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4234-4242. The rotational cultivation system has become a local ecological knowledge of the Meratus Dayak community in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. This land management applies a cultivation system by dividing land into four types, namely pahumaan (cultivated area of annual crops), balukar anum (former cultivated field aged 3-6 years), jurungan (former field aged 7-12 years), and kabun buah (former fields aged more than 15 years). This study is aimed to investigate the floristic structure and composition of the vegetation in each land use type in the rotational cultivation system conducted by the Dayak Meratus community in three villages (i.e., Loksado, Lok Lahung and Haratai). Vegetation sampling was conducted purposively across four vegetation levels (i.e., seedlings, saplings, poles and trees) and the data was analyzed to calculate Important Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener diversity index, species richness index and evenness index. The results showed that each land type had a certain vegetation structure and composition. In pahumaan, the dominant plant species were annual plants, especially crops. The balukar anum and jurungan were dominated by woody plants, while the kabun buah was dominated by fruit plants. The changes in vegetation structure and composition suggested that the succession process was in progress. The diversity index for each type of land use in the three villages was in the medium to high category. The species richness index was in the low to the high category, while the evenness index for all land uses in the three villages was at a high level. These findings suggest that traditional rotational farming activities carried out by the community did not damage the forest.
Synopsis of Sumatran Nepenthes (Indonesia)
Authors: HERNAWATI HERNAWATI , ZUHUD ERVIZAL AM , PRASETYO LILIK BUDI , SOEKMADI RINEKSO
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Hernawati, Zuhud EA, Prasetyo LB, Soekmadi R. 2022. Synopsis of Sumatran Nepenthes (Indonesia). Biodiversitas 23: 4243-4255. Taxonomic status is a fundamental component in determining the conservation status of a species. Inappropriate taxonomic entities can mislead efforts to protect species, especially endangered ones. Determining the taxonomic status of Sumatran Nepenthes is an essential step in conserving these unique species. This study aims to assess the taxonomic status and update the compilation of scientific names and taxon positions related to the Sumatran Nepenthes. The morphological characters were collected through observation of herbarium specimens and field research in several locations in Sumatra. The grouping of species is built based on the similarity of morphological characters for each selected species and follows a taxonomic revision process. The results showed that Sumatra had 39 species of Nepenthes, which were previously known to occur in only 29 species. The increase in the number of Sumatran Nepenthes came from (i) The publication of 9 new Nepenthes species from Sumatra. (ii) Restores N. pectinata and N. xiphiodes as independent species from their original position as synonyms for N. gymnamphora. (iii) Positioning N. gymnamphora as one of the Nepenthes species on the island of Java. (iv) Positioning N. angasanensis, N. longifolia, N. talangensis, and N. tenuis as independent species and not synonyms of N. mikei, N. beccariana, N. bongso, and N. dubia
Automatic accurate longitudinal location of structural defects in sewer pipes via monocular ranging
Authors: He Jianghai , Hou Zhiqun , Zhu Daming , Li Zhaoyong , Li Ziqian
Published: August 2022

Rough manual interpretation distance cannot keep up with the intelligent detection and interpretation of sewer pipe defects. We present an automatic location method for the accurate longitudinal distance of the structural defects in sewer pipes via a pinhole-based defect monocular ranging model via image processing of pipe diameters. Then the model verification experiment is undertaken through a comparison with the actual data of the pipe size and the camera parameters. The results of the experiment demonstrate an improved accuracy of this method of defect spatial location and the robustness and stability of the model of the accurate acquisition of the longitudinal distance based on the monocular ranging between the inspection robot and the pipe defect.
Development of a multimodal mobile colposcope for real-time cervical cancer detection
Authors: Coole Jackson B. , Brenes David , Possati-Resende Júlio César , Antoniazzi Márcio , Fonseca Bruno de Oliveira , Maker Yajur , Kortum Alex , Vohra Imran S. , Schwarz Richard A. , Carns Jennifer , Borba Souza Karen Cristina , Vidigal Santana Iara Viana , Kreitchmann Regis , Salcedo Mila P. , Ramanujam Nirmala , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Richards-Kortum Rebecca
Published: August 2022

Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death among women in low-and middle-income countries. Globally, cervical cancer prevention programs are hampered by a lack of resources, infrastructure, and personnel. We describe a multimodal mobile colposcope (MMC) designed to diagnose precancerous cervical lesions at the point-of-care without the need for biopsy. The MMC integrates two complementary imaging systems: 1) a commercially available colposcope and 2) a high speed, high-resolution, fiber-optic microendoscope (HRME). Combining these two image modalities allows, for the first time, the ability to locate suspicious cervical lesions using widefield imaging and then to obtain co-registered high-resolution images across an entire lesion. The MMC overcomes limitations of high-resolution imaging alone; widefield imaging can be used to guide the placement of the high-resolution imaging probe at clinically suspicious regions and co-registered, mosaicked high-resolution images effectively increase the field of view of high-resolution imaging. Representative data collected from patients referred for colposcopy at Barretos Cancer Hospital in Brazil, including 22,800 high resolution images and 9,900 colposcope images, illustrate the ability of the MMC to identify abnormal cervical regions, image suspicious areas with subcellular resolution, and distinguish between high-grade and low-grade dysplasia.
Improved topography reconstruction of volume scattering objects using structured light
Authors: Geiger Simeon , Hank Philipp , Kienle Alwin
Published: August 2022

The use of structured light projection enables the reconstruction of three-dimensional topography of surface reflecting objects. However, if the investigated object exhibits volume scattering, the obtained topography is erroneously caused by light undergoing volume scattering inside the object. In this theoretical study, we investigate these errors using Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, a method is proposed to correct the errors by quantifying the light propagation in the scattering object based on the radiative transfer equation. Reconstructed surfaces with a small spatial variation of topography can be quickly corrected using a local correction method that depends only on the directions of the incident and detected light relative to the surface. For surfaces that show a large spatial variation of the surface geometry, another approach is introduced by simulating the light propagation in the whole scanned three-dimensional object using graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated Monte Carlo simulations. A cylindrical object and an incisor tooth are, exemplarily, investigated. The results show a major improvement in the reconstructed topography due to the correction with the proposed methods.
Laser-induced plasma irradiation driven rapid photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue with TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Jie Jiang , He Changtao , Zhao Junpu , Han Jinghua , Xie Na , Feng Guoying , Xiao Jing , Xiong Lingling
Published: August 2022

A light source from a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser (1064 nm) was used to excite the A3 iron plate to produce plasma and release UV light for the rapid photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The 30 nm anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were used as the photocatalysts. Plasma effectively degrades organic matter under optimal conditions: (10 mg/L MB, 2 g/L TiO2, 50 ml/L H2O2, pH = 10, and P = 70 mW); the degradation efficiency is related to the UV light source (200 nm - 400 nm) produced by plasma sonoluminescence. The effect of the initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, laser energy, and pH value, on the degradation of dyes was studied using UV–vis spectrophotometry. Ion chromatography confirmed the mineralisation of methylene blue (MB). The results showed that laser-induced plasma (LIP) photocatalysis effectively degrades MB.
The antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin drives development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by affecting Th17 differentiation
Authors: Smith Katie J. , Minns Danielle , McHugh Brian J. , Holloway Rebecca K. , O’Connor Richard , Williams Anna , Melrose Lauren , McPherson Rhoanne , Miron Veronique E. , Davidson Donald J. , Gwyer Findlay Emily
Published: August 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly prevalent demyelinating autoimmune condition; the mechanisms regulating its severity and progression are unclear. The IL-17-producing Th17 subset of T cells has been widely implicated in MS and in the mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the differentiation and regulation of Th17 cells during EAE remain incompletely understood. Although evidence is mounting that the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin profoundly affects early T cell differentiation, no studies have looked at its role in longer-term T cell responses. Now, we report that cathelicidin drives severe EAE disease. It is released from neutrophils, microglia, and endothelial cells throughout disease; its interaction with T cells potentiates Th17 differentiation in lymph nodes and Th17 to exTh17 plasticity and IFN-γ production in the spinal cord. As a consequence, mice lacking cathelicidin are protected from severe EAE. In addition, we show that cathelicidin is produced by the same cell types in the active brain lesions in human MS disease. We propose that cathelicidin exposure results in highly activated, cytokine-producing T cells, which drive autoimmunity; this is a mechanism through which neutrophils amplify inflammation in the central nervous system.
FBB18 participates in preassembly of almost all axonemal dyneins independent of R2TP complex
Authors: Wang Limei , Li Xuecheng , Liu Guang , Pan Junmin
Published: August 2022

Assembly of dynein arms requires cytoplasmic processes which are mediated by dynein preassemblyfactors (DNAAFs). CFAP298, which is conserved in organisms with motile cilia, is required for assembly of dynein arms but with obscure mechanisms. Here, we show that FBB18, aChlamydomonashomologue of CFAP298, localizes to the cytoplasm and functions in folding/stabilization of almost all axonemal dyneins at the early steps of dynein preassembly. Mutation of FBB18 causes no or short cilia accompanied with partial loss of both outer and inner dynein arms. Comparative proteomics using15N labeling suggests partial degradation of almost all axonemal dynein heavy chains (DHCs). A mutant mimicking a patient variant induces particular loss of DHCα. FBB18 associates with 9 DNAAFs and 14 out of 15 dynein HCs but not with IC1/IC2. FBB18 interacts with RuvBL1/2, components of the HSP90 co-chaperone R2TP complex but not the holo-R2TP complex. Further analysis suggests simultaneous formation of multiple DNAAF complexes involves dynein folding/stability and thus provides new insights into axonemal dynein preassembly.
Implementation of a COVID-19 screening tool in a southern Nigerian tertiary health facility
Authors: Ogboghodo Esohe O. , Osaigbovo Iriagbonse I. , Obaseki Darlington E. , Iduitua Micah T. N. , Asamah Doris , Oduware Emmanuel , Okwara Benson U.
Published: August 2022

Screening for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in emergency rooms of health facilities during outbreaks prevents nosocomial transmission. However, effective tools adapted for use in African countries are lacking. This study appraised an indigenous screening and triage tool for COVID-19 deployed at the medical emergency room of a Nigerian tertiary facility and determined the predictors of a positive molecular diagnostic test for COVID-19. A cross-sectional study of all patients seen between May and July 2020 at the Accident and Emergency of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital was conducted. Patients with any one of the inputs- presence of COVID-19 symptoms, history of international travel, age 60 years and above, presence of comorbidities and oxygen saturation < 94%- were stratified as high-risk and subjected to molecular testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data was obtained from the screening record book patterned after a modified screening tool for COVID-19, deidentified and entered into IBM-SPSS version 25.0. Binary logistic regression was conducted to determine significant predictors of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. In total, 1,624 patients were screened. Mean age (standard deviation) was 53.9±18.0 years and 651 (40.1%) were 60 years and above. One or more symptoms of COVID-19 were present in 586 (36.1%) patients. Overall, 1,116 (68.7%) patients were designated high risk and tested for SARS-CoV-2, of which 359 (32.2%) were positive. Additional inputs, besides symptoms, increased COVID-19 detection by 108%. Predictors of a positive test were elderly age [AOR = 1.545 (1.127–2.116)], co-morbidity [AOR = 1.811 (1.296–2.530)] and oxygen saturation [AOR = 3.427 (2.595–4.528)]. This protocol using additional inputs such as oxygen saturation improved upon symptoms-based screening for COVID-19. Models incorporating identified predictors will be invaluable in resource limited settings.
"They are our eyes outside there in the community": Implementing enhanced training, management and monitoring of South Africa’s ward-based primary healthcare outreach teams
Authors: Mantell Joanne E. , Masvawure Tsitsi B. , Zech Jennifer M. , Reidy William , Msukwa Martin , Glenshaw Mary , Grund Jonathan , Williams Daniel , Pitt Blanche , Rabkin Miriam
Published: August 2022

Introduction

In 2018, South Africa’s National Department of Health provided additional resources for ward-based primary healthcare outreach teams (OT) with support from the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The intervention package included a new training curriculum, enhanced staffing, revised management and supervisory structures, and more intensive monitoring and evaluation (M&E). The goal was to strengthen OT and their impact on both primary healthcare and HIV-specific services. We conducted a process evaluation of this intervention package during its second year and examined implementation successes and challenges.

Methods

We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation at 20 purposively selected facilities in Bojanala and City of Tshwane districts, including surveys with 222 community health workers (CHWs) and outreach team leaders (OTLs); key informant interviews and online surveys with 28 policy and program stakeholders; 70 in-depth interviews with health facility staff; 20 focus group discussions with 194 CHWs; 20 structured health facility assessments; directly-observed time-motion studies; and review of program documents.

Results

Most participants highlighted the hiring and training of CHWs and OTLs as a key implementation success because this had partially alleviated staffing shortages and helped clarify CHWs’ and OTLs’ responsibilities and supervisory structures. The new monitoring tools were welcomed for their potential to improve data collection and program tracking. However, participants highlighted many program challenges: short-lived gains in CHWs’ knowledge and skills due to lack of ongoing training and mentoring; insufficient integration of OT into health facility management structures; persistent shortages of equipment, supplies, transportation, and workspace for CHWs; and insufficient remuneration for staff.

Conclusion

Strengthening and expanding CHW programs, such as OT, requires intensive support and continuous investments. To sustain improvements in training, supervision, and job satisfaction, CHWs must be equipped with needed resources, provided with ongoing supportive supervision, and strengthened by optimized program management, monitoring and processes.
Molecular docking, simulation and binding free energy analysis of small molecules as PfHT1 inhibitors
Authors: Owoloye Afolabi J. , Ligali Funmilayo C. , Enejoh Ojochenemi A. , Musa Adesola Z. , Aina Oluwagbemiga , Idowu Emmanuel T. , Oyebola Kolapo M.
Published: August 2022

Antimalarial drug resistance has thrown a spanner in the works of malaria elimination. New drugs are required for ancillary support of existing malaria control efforts. Plasmodium falciparum requires host glucose for survival and proliferation. On this basis, P. falciparum hexose transporter 1 (PfHT1) protein involved in hexose permeation is considered a potential drug target. In this study, we tested the antimalarial activity of some compounds against PfHT1 using computational techniques. We performed high throughput virtual screening of 21,352 small-molecule compounds against PfHT1. The stability of the lead compound complexes was evaluated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 100 nanoseconds. We also investigated the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and physiological characteristics of the compounds in accordance with Lipinksi rules for drug-likeness to bind and inhibit PfHT1. Molecular docking and free binding energy analyses were carried out using Molecular Mechanics with Generalized Born and Surface Area (MMGBSA) solvation to determine the selectivity of the hit compounds for PfHT1 over the human glucose transporter (hGLUT1) orthologue. Five important PfHT1 inhibitors were identified: Hyperoside (CID5281643); avicularin (CID5490064); sylibin (CID5213); harpagoside (CID5481542) and quercetagetin (CID5281680). The compounds formed intermolecular interaction with the binding pocket of the PfHT1 target via conserved amino acid residues (Val314, Gly183, Thr49, Asn52, Gly183, Ser315, Ser317, and Asn48). The MMGBSA analysis of the complexes yielded high free binding energies. Four (CID5281643, CID5490064, CID5213, and CID5481542) of the identified compounds were found to be stable within the PfHT1 binding pocket throughout the 100 nanoseconds simulation run time. The four compounds demonstrated higher affinity for PfHT1 than the human major glucose transporter (hGLUT1). This investigation demonstrates the inhibition potential of sylibin, hyperoside, harpagoside, and avicularin against PfHT1 receptor. Robust preclinical investigations are required to validate the chemotherapeutic properties of the identified compounds.
Evaluating interhemispheric connectivity during midline object recognition using EEG
Authors: Das Anwesha , Mandel Alexandra , Shitara Hitoshi , Popa Traian , Horovitz Silvina G. , Hallett Mark , Thirugnanasambandam Nivethida
Published: August 2022

Functional integration between two hemispheres is crucial for perceptual binding to occur when visual stimuli are presented in the midline of the visual field. Mima and colleagues (2001) showed using EEG that midline object recognition was associated with task-related decrease in alpha band power (alpha desynchronisation) and a transient increase in interhemispheric coherence. Our objective in the current study was to replicate the results of Mima et al. and to further evaluate interhemispheric effective connectivity during midline object recognition in source space. We recruited 11 healthy adult volunteers and recorded EEG from 64 channels while they performed a midline object recognition task. Task-related power and coherence were estimated in sensor and source spaces. Further, effective connectivity was evaluated using Granger causality. While we were able to replicate the alpha desynchronisation associated with midline object recognition, we could not replicate the coherence results of Mima et al. The data-driven approach that we employed in our study localised the source of alpha desynchronisation over the left occipito-temporal region. In the alpha band, we further observed significant increase in imaginary part of coherency between bilateral occipito-temporal regions during object recognition. Finally, Granger causality analysis between the left and right occipito-temporal regions provided an insight that even though there is bidirectional interaction, the left occipito-temporal region may be crucial for integrating the information necessary for object recognition. The significance of the current study lies in using high-density EEG and applying more appropriate and robust measures of connectivity as well as statistical analysis to validate and enhance our current knowledge on the neural basis of midline object recognition.
Determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 infection by artificial intelligence technology: A study of 28 countries
Authors: Peng Hsiao-Ya , Lin Yen-Kuang , Nguyen Phung-Anh , Hsu Jason C. , Chou Chun-Liang , Chang Chih-Cheng , Lin Chia-Chi , Lam Carlos , Chen Chang-I , Wang Kai-Hsun , Lu Christine Y.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has affected countries around the world since 2020, and an increasing number of people are being infected. The purpose of this research was to use big data and artificial intelligence technology to find key factors associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The results can be used as a reference for disease prevention in practice.

Methods

This study obtained data from the "Imperial College London YouGov Covid-19 Behaviour Tracker Open Data Hub", covering a total of 291,780 questionnaire results from 28 countries (April 1~August 31, 2020). Data included basic characteristics, lifestyle habits, disease history, and symptoms of each subject. Four types of machine learning classification models were used, including logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and artificial neural network, to build prediction modules. The performance of each module is presented as the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. Then, this study further processed important factors selected by each module to obtain an overall ranking of determinants.

Results

This study found that the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of the prediction modules established by the four machine learning methods were all >0.95, and the RF had the highest performance (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve is 0.988). Top ten factors associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 infection were identified in order of importance: whether the family had been tested, having no symptoms, loss of smell, loss of taste, a history of epilepsy, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, cystic fibrosis, sleeping alone, country, and the number of times leaving home in a day.

Conclusions

This study used big data from 28 countries and artificial intelligence methods to determine the predictors of the coronavirus disease 2019 infection. The findings provide important insights for the coronavirus disease 2019 infection prevention strategies.
Evaluation of circulating serum cathelicidin levels as a potential biomarker to discriminate between active and latent tuberculosis in Uganda
Authors: Acen Ester Lilian , Kateete David Patrick , Worodria William , Olum Ronald , Joloba Moses L. , Bbuye Mudarshiru , Biraro Irene Andia
Published: August 2022

Background

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide accounting for 1.4 million deaths annually. LL-37 is an effector molecule involved in immunity with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. The purpose of this study was to compare LL-37 circulatory levels among participants with active and latent tuberculosis and to determine its ability to discriminate between the two infectious states.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed among 56 active tuberculosis patients, 49 latent tuberculosis individuals, and 43 individuals without tuberculosis infection. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess LL-37 levels. Data analysis was performed using STATA software and Graph pad Prism version 8. Mann-Whitney U test was used for correlation between variables with two categories and the Kruskal-Wallis test for three or more categories.

Results

The study had more female participants than males, with similar median ages across the three groups, 29.5, 25.0, and 23.0 years respectively. Active tuberculosis patients had significantly higher LL-37 levels compared to those with latent tuberculosis and without tuberculosis. The median/interquartile ranges were 318.8 ng/ml (157.9–547.1), 242.2 ng/ml (136.2–579.3), 170.9 ng/ml (129.3–228.3); p = 0.002 respectively. Higher LL-37 was found in the male participant with median/interquartile range, 424.8 ng/ml (226.2–666.8) compared to the females 237.7 ng/ml (129.6–466.6); p = 0.045. LL-37 had better discriminatory potential between active tuberculosis and no tuberculosis (AUC = 0.71, sensitivity 71.4% specificity = 69.8%) than with latent tuberculosis (AUC = 0.55, sensitivity = 71.4%, specificity = 44.9%). There was moderate differentiation between latent tuberculosis and no tuberculosis (AUC = 0.63, sensitivity = 44.9% specificity = 90.7%).

Conclusion

Significantly higher LL-37 levels were observed among active tuberculosis patients than those without tuberculosis infection and were, therefore able to discriminate between active tuberculosis and other tuberculosis infectious states, especially with no tuberculosis. Further assessment of this biomarker as a screening tool to exclude tuberculosis is required.
Social capital as a network measure provides new insights on economic growth
Authors: Oliver Huidobro Jaime , Antonioni Alberto , Lipari Francesca , Tamarit Ignacio
Published: August 2022

Unveiling the main drivers of economic growth is of paramount importance. Previous research recognizes the critical role played by the factors of production: capital and labor. However, the exact mechanisms that underpin Total Factor Productivity (TFP) are not fully understood. An increasing number of studies suggests that the creation and transmission of knowledge, factor supply and economic integration are indeed crucial. Yet, the need for a systematic and unifying framework still exists. Nowadays capital and labor are embedded into a complex network structure through global supply chains and international migration. Recent research has established a link between network centralities and different types of social capital. In this work we employ the OECD’s Multi-Regional Input-Output and International Migration datasets to build the network representation for capital and labor of 63 economies during 10 years. We then examine the role of social capital measures as drivers of the TFP adopting an extended Cobb-Douglass production function and addressing potential issues such as multicollinearity, reverse causality and non-linear effects. Our results indicate that social capital in the factors of production networks can significantly drive economic outputs through TFP.
An in vitro workflow of neuron-laden agarose-laminin hydrogel for studying small molecule-induced amyloidogenic condition
Authors: Namchaiw Poommaree , Bunreangsri Patapon , Eiamcharoen Piyaporn , Eiamboonsert Salita , P. Poo-arporn Rungtiva
Published: August 2022

In vitro studies have been popularly used to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms for many decades. However, the traditional two-dimension (2D) cell culture which grows cells on a flat surface does not fully recapitulate the pathological phenotypes. Alternatively, the three-dimension (3D) cell culture provides cell-cell and cell-ECM interaction that better mimics tissue-like structure. Thus, it has gained increasing attention recently. Yet, the expenses, time-consuming, and complications of cellular and biomolecular analysis are still major limitations of 3D culture. Herein, we describe a cost-effective and simplified workflow of the 3D neuronal cell-laden agarose-laminin preparation and the isolation of cells, RNAs, and proteins from the scaffold. To study the effects of the amyloidogenic condition in neurons, we utilized a neuron-like cell line, SH-SY5Y, and induced the amyloidogenic condition by using an amyloid forty-two inducer (Aftin-4). The effectiveness of RNAs, proteins and cells isolation from 3D scaffold enables us to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying amyloidogenic cascade in neuronal cells. The results show that SH-SY5Y cultured in agarose-laminin scaffold differentiated to a mature TUJ1-expressing neuron cell on day 7. Furthermore, the gene expression profile from the Aftin-4-induced amyloidogenic condition revealed the expression of relevant gene-encoding proteins in the amyloidogenic pathway, including APP, BACE1, PS1, and PS2. This platform could induce the amyloid-beta 42 secretion and entrap secreted proteins in the scaffold. The induction of amyloidogenic conditions in a 3D culture facilitates the interaction between secreted amyloid-beta and neurons, which makes it resembles the pathological environment in Alzheimer’s brain. Together, this workflow is applicable for studying the cellular and molecular analysis of amyloid-induced neuronal toxicity, such as those occurred in Alzheimer’s disease progression. Importantly, our method is cost-effective, reproducible, and easy to manipulate.
Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from stool specimens of diarrhea patients in Nantong, Jiangsu, China during 2018–2020
Authors: Sun Junfang , Li Xue , Hu Zimeng , Xue Xingfan , Zhang Miaomiao , Wu Qimin , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yiquan , Lu Renfei
Published: August 2022

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of acute seafood-associated gastroenteritis worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of virulence genes, biofilm formation, motor capacities and antimicrobial resistance profile of V. parahaemolyticus isolates isolated from clinical samples in Nantong during 2018–2020. Sixty-six V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from stool specimens of diarrheal patients were examined. The PCR results showed that there were two tdh+trh+ isolates, four tdh-trh- isolates and sixty tdh+trh- isolates, accounting for 3.0%, 6.1% and 90.9%, respectively. All the tdh carrying isolates manifested the positive reactions for the Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) test. Most of the isolates harbored at least one of the specific DNA markers of ‘pandemic group’ strains, suggesting that the dominant isolates of V. parahaemolyticus in Nantong might belong to the new O3: K6 or its serovariants. All tdh+ isolates possessed the Vp-PAI genes, but no tdh-trh- isolates carried the T3SS2 genes. All isolates were biofilm producers and had relatively strong motor capacities. In addition, the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin (98.5%), cefuroxime (75.6%), cefepime (66.7%), piperacillin (59.1%) and ampicillin/sulbactam (50.0%), but sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100.0%), levofloxacin (100.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (98.5%), gentamicin (98.5%), amikacin (97%), meropenem (71.2%), and ceftazidime (56.1%). Multidrug-resistant isolates in clinical might be related to the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in aquaculture.
Berlins versklavte Afrikaner
Authors: Reed-Anderson Paulette , Kopp Christian
Published: August 2022

Paulette Reed-Anderson und Christian Kopp widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag ausgewählten Aspekten der Beteiligung Brandenburg-Preußens am transatlantischen Handel mit versklavten Menschen afrikanischer Herkunft. Ausgehend von historischen Quellenanalysen werden dabei einerseits zwei exemplarische Autobiografien von Afrikanern in Europa sowie die Lebensumstände Versklavter insbesondere in Brandenburg-Preußen näher besprochen. Andererseits geht der Artikel auf die tragenden Säulen des Systems der Sklaverei ein. Dabei werden die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen und Gesetze, welche die Sklaverei in Preußen regulierten, sowie das komplexe europäische Vertragssystem - erst für den Versklavungshandel und dann für seine Abschaffung - thematisiert.
Reflexões sobre Raízes do Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Fleming Machado Tatiana , Danon Tavares João Gabriel
Published: August 2022

O artigo apresenta o contexto histórico do Brasil no período próximo em que Sérgio Buarque de Holanda escreveu a obra Raízes do Brasil. É evidenciada a mudança do paradigma intelectual ao longo do fim do século XIX e início do XX, com enfoque para o papel do Movimento Modernista, ao qual o autor fez parte. A hipótese central é que a influência weberiana em Raízes do Brasil é importante alicerce para compreender e interpretar os fluxos de poder político, econômico e religioso que permeiam o Estado e a sociedade brasileira até os dias de hoje. Propõe-se, portanto, contribuir para o debate encabeçado por Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, inspirado em Max Weber, acerca da construção das identidades do povo brasileiro. Destarte, a partir de elementos característicos da corrente neoweberiana, atualizam-se análises acerca da idiossincrasia, dos fluxos de poder e da burocracia do Estado brasileiro. Ressalta-se, então, que não se pode compreender o momento presente do país sem se atentar para o passado, de igual modo em que ao se planejar o futuro do país há que se conhecer as nossas características como sociedade.
Patrimônio à luz da Primeira República
Authors: Alves de Sousa Moreira Alexandre
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as noções de patrimônio em formação, durante a década de 20 no Brasil. Para tanto, o propósito é examinar o discurso de Jair Lins e o seu projeto de lei apresentados ao Congresso Nacional em 1925. Por meio da análise do discurso, buscar-se-á demonstrar como a questão patrimonial envolvia aspectos relacionados ao progresso, à civilização, à propriedade e, principalmente, à modernidade. Com base na definição dos conceitos de Koselleck e na sua ideia de espaço de experiência e horizonte de expectativa, procura-se compreender o patrimônio no sentido moderno e a sua relação com a Primeira República.
OLGA, A AGENTE SECRETA
Authors: Pacheco Thiago
Published: August 2022

considerando o impacto da trajetória de Olga Benário Prestes para a História Política do Brasil e, principalmente, sua importância na equipe enviada secretamente ao país em 1935, pretendemos revisitar a biografia desta mulher tendo em perspectiva seu recrutamento, formação e atuação como uma agente secreta. Neste sentido, analisamos a trajetória de Olga a partir dos conceitos relacionados ao campo das chamadas Operações Encobertas, que são missões de caráter secreto com objetivo de desestabilização política, fomento a levantes, propaganda, resgate e/ou eliminação de alvos. Tal análise, pretendemos, salientará um traço desta personagem da História Política Republicana do Brasil e, principalmente, servirá de estudo de caso para o campo da Inteligência no tocante ao recrutamento, formação e emprego de agentes.
Editorial
Authors: Tito Tolentino Thiago Lenine
Published: August 2022

Editorial escrito pelo Editor da Revista Cadernos de Pesquisa do CDHIS referente ao Volume 35, número 1.
Efficient Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde with Hydrogen Peroxide Mediated by Palladium Chloride Impregnated on Aluminium Oxide-Pillared Clay
Authors: Trikittiwong Piyarat , Surakiet Danainat , Aksornkovit Nutthaya , Chaiseeda Kittichai , Ruga Ritbey , Stan Manuela
Published: August 2022

Aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, are very important in many industries and can be prepared from alcohols. In this research, aluminium oxide-pillared bentonite (Al-PILC) was prepared by inserting aluminium (III) chloride into the interlayers and calcination. Then PdCl2 was impregnated into Al-PILC and calcined to produce Pd/Al-PILC. The synthesized clay and raw clay were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller; BET) techniques. From the characterization, XRD pattern exhibited the characteristic peaks of montmorillonite at 2θ of 7° and 22°. Additionally, the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of Pd/Al-PILC indicated mesoporous structure and BET specific surface area was 102 m2/g. The catalytic activity of Pd/Al-PILC was investigated for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with H2O2 furnishing benzaldehyde. In the optimum condition, 82% of benzaldehyde was produced via the reaction of benzyl alcohol and H2O2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd/Al-PILC in refluxing acetonitrile for 3 h under mild reaction conditions.
Collision Analysis of a Self Propelled Oil Barge’s (SPOB) Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Wulandari Amalia Ika , Ikhwani Rodlian Jamal , Suardi Suardi Suardi , Yani Ratna Septati , Himaya Andi Nadia , Alamsyah Alamsyah
Published: August 2022

Impact is a collision between two objects of force in a short time of period. Research on hull impact SPOB 3500 DWT using element method up to Ansys Explicit Dynamics software. In this study, two variations models were used, when impact where the jetty is not equipped with fenders and jetty equipped with fenders. Value of plate thickness is 10 mm, and with a speed variation of 0.5 m/s 1 m/s and 2 m/s. Using element-based applications to determine damage based on deformation values on the SPOB 3500 DWT body when crashing jetty and hull damage after jetty that is not equipped with fenders and fenders equipped at speed variations. . The force values that have been calculated with speeds of 0.5 m/s, 1m/s and 2m/s are 3.52 MN, 7.04 MN, and 14.07 MN, respectively. With the deformation values in the model of the ship hitting a jetty that is not equipped with fenders which are calculated at a speed of 0.5 m/s, 1m/s and 2m/s, respectively, they are 0.53011 mm, 1.0594 mm, and 2.1184 mm. And the value of deformation on the model of the ship hitting a jetty equipped with fenders which is calculated at a speed of 0.5 m/s, 1m/s and 2m/s, respectively, is 0.36511 mm, 0.7357 mm, and 1.4939 mm.
Geometry of positive scalar curvature on complete manifold
Authors: Zhu Bo
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we study the interplay of geometry and positive scalar curvature on a complete, non-compact manifold with non-negative Ricci curvature. On three-dimensional manifold, we prove a minimal volume growth, an estimate of integral of scalar curvature and width. On higher-dimensional manifold, we obtain a volume growth with a stronger condition.
Institutional Measures for Supporting OER in Higher Education: An International Case-Based Study
Authors: Marín Victoria I. , Zawacki-Richter Olaf , Aydin Cengiz H. , Bedenlier Svenja , Bond Melissa , Bozkurt Aras , Conrad Dianne , Jung Insung , Kondakci Yasar , Prinsloo Paul , Roberts Jennifer , Veletsianos George , Xiao Junhong , Zhang Jingjing
Published: August 2022

Open Educational Resources (OER) in higher education cannot be put into practice without considering institutional contexts, which differ not only globally but also within the same country. Each institutional context provides educators with opportunities or limitations where Open Educational Practices (OEP) and OER for teaching and learning are involved. As part of a broader research project, and as a follow-up to national perspectives, an international comparison was conducted, based on institutional cases of nine different higher education systems (Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Turkey). Aspects regarding the availability of infrastructure and institutional policies for OER, as well as the existence of measures directed at OER quality assurance and at the promotion of the development and use of OER were covered. The resulting theoretical contribution sheds light on an international comparative view of OER and points towards country-specific trends, as well as differences among institutions. These aspects could provide an impetus for the development of institutional guidelines and measures. In line with international literature on the topic, recommendations are derived to promote/ enhance the use of OER in teaching and learning in higher education at the institutional level.
Crystal structure of poly[dimethanol-κ1O-(µ2-(E)-2-((2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)acetato)-(µ3-(E)-2-((2-oxidobenzylidene)amino)acetato)dicadmium(II)], C20H22Cd2N2O8
Authors: Guo Xiao-Yu , Liu Yun-Chao , Yin Peng-Hui
Published: August 2022

C20H22Cd2N2O8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.131(3) Å, b = 8.2018(16) Å, c = 20.973(4) Å, β = 103.59(3)°, V = 2195.5(8) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0260, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0609, T = 293(2) K.
Aging, testosterone, and neuroplasticity: friend or foe?
Authors: Saleki Kiarash , Banazadeh Mohammad , Saghazadeh Amene , Rezaei Nima
Published: August 2022

Neuroplasticity or neural plasticity implicates the adaptive potential of the brain in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. The concept has been utilized in different contexts such as injury and neurological disease. Neuroplasticity mechanisms have been classified into neuroregenerative and function-restoring processes. In the context of injury, neuroplasticity has been defined in three post-injury epochs. Testosterone plays a key yet double-edged role in the regulation of several neuroplasticity alterations. Research has shown that testosterone levels are affected by numerous factors such as age, stress, surgical procedures on gonads, and pharmacological treatments. There is an ongoing debate for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in aging men; however, TRT is more useful in young individuals with testosterone deficit and more specific subgroups with cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it is important to pay early attention to testosterone profile and precisely uncover its harms and benefits. In the present review, we discuss the influence of environmental factors, aging, and gender on testosterone-associated alterations in neuroplasticity, as well as the two-sided actions of testosterone in the nervous system. Finally, we provide practical insights for further study of pharmacological treatments for hormonal disorders focusing on restoring neuroplasticity.
Bone Density and Bone Geometry in University Athletes From Sports With Different Levels of Impact: Simultaneous Association With Multiple Factors
Authors: Moraes Mikael S. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Moreno Yara M.F. , Pelegrini Andreia , Silva Diego A.S.
Published: August 2022

Moraes, MS, Fernandes, RA, Moreno, YMF, Pelegrini, A, and Silva, DAS. Bone density and bone geometry in university athletes from sports with different levels of impact: simultaneous association with multiple factors. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3113–3121, 2022—The aim of this study was to use the bone loading unit (BLU) classification to compare bone density and bone geometry of sports with different levels of impact, simultaneously controlling the multiple factors that interfere with bone metabolism in athletes. Overall, 167 university athletes (92 men) participated in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD), strength index, cross-sectional area (CSA) at the moment of inertia, section modulus (Z), CSA, neck-shaft angle (NSA), and hip axis length (HAL) were measured. Sports were categorized by level of impact, high BLU (higher impact) and moderate/low BLU (lower impact). Covariates were fat mass, lean tissue mass, training volume, time of practice, dietary supplementation, use of oral contraceptives and menstrual status. Multiple linear regression with 5% significance level (p < 0.05) was used. In men, HAL was higher in sports with high BLU compared with those with moderate/low BLU (β: −0.21; R
2: 0.30; p = 0.03). In women, NSA was higher in sports with moderate/low BLU compared with those with high BLU (β: 0.31; R
2: 0.11; p = 0.02). There was no difference between BLU groups for BMD. These results persisted when the simultaneous interference of covariates was controlled. Thus, this study recommends BLU to classify sports and reinforces the importance of monitoring HAL and NSA in athletes in addition to the control of multiple factors that interfere with bone metabolism, because they influence physical performance and bone health during and after athletic life.
Relationships Between Lower Extremity Power and Fastball Spin Rate and Ball Velocity in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Wong Regan , Laudner Kevin , Amonette William , Vazquez Jose , Evans Daniel , Meister Keith
Published: August 2022

Wong, R, Laudner, K, Amonette, W, Vazquez, J, Evans, D, and Meister, K. Relationships between lower extremity power and fastball spin rate and ball velocity in professional baseball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 823–828, 2023—Lower extremity power has been hypothesized to increase ball spin and velocity during pitching in baseball. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between lower extremity power and fastball spin rate in professional baseball pitchers. A secondary purpose was to determine the relationship between lower extremity power and ball velocity. Fifty-three asymptomatic professional pitchers participated (24.5 ± 3.6 years; 189.9 ± 6.1 cm; 92.6 ± 10.3 kg). Each athlete performed 3 separate bilateral jump tests on force plates: countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and drop jump (DJ). The average fastball spin rate and ball velocity for each pitcher was calculated using a 3-dimensional Doppler radar and video system over the course of a competitive season. Standard multiple regression analyses (p ≤ 0.05) revealed significant relationship between ball spin and summation of variables for the CMJ (peak force, peak power, rate of power development, and jump height) (R
2 = 0.20, F = 3.1, p = 0.03). However, no individual variable was significantly associated (p > 0.09). There was also a significant amount of variance in ball spin explained by summation of variables for the SJ (peak force, peak power, rate of power development, and jump height) (R
2 = 0.19, F = 2.8, p = 0.04); rate of power development was the only variable that significantly predicted ball spin within this model (B = 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.003–0.75, p = 0.05). Ball spin was not associated with summation of DJ variables (peak power, rate of power development, jump height, reactive strength index, and total peak power in watts) (R
2 = 0.18, F = 2.0, p = 0.09). For ball velocity, there were no significant relationships for the summation of either the CMJ variables (R
2 = 0.10, p = 0.28) or the SJ variables (R
2 = 0.07, p = 0.44). However, there was a significant amount of variance in ball velocity explained by summation of variables for the DJ (R
2 = 0.30, F = 3.93, p = 0.005). The reactive strength index was the sole unique contribution to this model (B = 1.18; 95% CI: −10.34 to 2.36, p = 0.002). These findings highlight the relevance of increased lower extremity power on increasing fastball spin rate and ball velocity.
An Experiment in Systemic Family Therapy Training: A Trainer and Trainee Perspective
Authors: Anderson Harlene , Rambo Anne
Published: August 2022

This paper describes an experiment in systemic family therapy training that is part of an on-going attempt to relate the concepts and practices of systemic family therapy to systemic family therapy training. An example of a training framework, Systemic Case Consultation, is presented. Through intertwining trainer and trainee voices, we share two levels of observation: (1) our descriptions of the framework and (2) our descriptions of our experiences. Namely, the trainer simultaneously reviews the framework and comments on her experiences; and likewise the trainee simultaneously provides a clinical example and relates her experiences. The processes described are intricate and evolutionary, and thus, extremely difficult to present and analyze with objectivity. We realize that there are multiple operationalizations of systemic theory and present our work as only one.