bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new genus and species of split-footed lacewings (Neuroptera) from the early Eocene of western Canada and revision of the subfamily affinities of Mesozoic Nymphidae
Authors: Archibald S. Bruce , Makarkin Vladimir N.
Published: March 2020

A new genus and new species of Nymphidae (Neuroptera) is described from the Ypresian Okanagan Highlands locality of Falkland, British Columbia, Canada:Epinesydrion falklandensisnew genus, new species. This is only the fourth known Cenozoic adult specimen, and all others are less complete. It is the second specimen from the Okanagan Highlands. Currently Nymphidae has two recognised subfamilies. All Cenozoic fossils are confident members of the Nymphinae, but the subfamily assignments of almost all Mesozoic genera are problematic. The Late CretaceousDactylomyiusis the only genus that might belong to Myiodactylinae. The rest may belong to the undefined stem groups of the family or to the Nymphinae, with varying levels of probability.Mesonymphes sibiricais transferred toNymphitesHaase:N. sibiricus(Ponomarenko),new combination;Sialium minortoSpilonymphesShi, Winterton, and Ren:Spilonymphes minor(Shi, Winterton, and Ren),new combination; “Mesonymphes”apicalisdoes not belong toMesonymphesCarpenter and may not even belong to the Nymphidae. The fossil record of the family occurs across much of the globe, but today they are restricted to Australia, New Guinea, and possibly the Philippines. Modern Nymphinae is only found in Australia. This may result from a requirement of frost-free climates, which were more widespread in the past.
Horizontal Stabilator Utilization for Post Swashplate Failure Operation on a UH-60 Black Hawk Helicopter
Authors: Vayalali Praneet , McKay Michael , Krishnamurthi Jayanth , Gandhi Farhan
Published: March 2020

A flight simulation model for the UH-60 Black Hawk, based on Sikorsky's GenHel model, is modified to simulate a locked failure of a main rotor swashplate servo actuator, which is compensated by using the stabilator as a redundant control effector. Steady-state trim analysis is performed
to demonstrate feasibility of trimmed flight in various conditions with different locked servo actuator positions for the forward, aft, and lateral actuators. A model-following, linear dynamic inversion controller is implemented and modified to account for locked actuator position. Postfailure,
the controls are reconfigured to partially reallocate the control authority in the longitudinal axis from the main rotor longitudinal cyclic to the stabilator. This is done by manipulation of only the control allocation relating pilot stick inputs to servo actuator positions, whereas the feedback
control gains and mechanical rigging between servo actuators and rotor pitch controls remain identical to the baseline. Flight simulation results demonstrate the ability of this reallocation to compensate for locked failure of the forward main rotor swashplate servo actuator, as well as the
ability of the aircraft to decelerate from cruise at 120 kt to 50 kt, slower than the published safe rolling landing speed of 60 kt. A similar range of locked positions of the forward and aft actuators is demonstrated to be feasible for aircraft recovery using control of the stabilator. Feasibility
of aircraft recovery for locked positions of the lateral servo actuator is also considered, as well as the effect of variation in gross weight, speed of actuator locking, and delays in fault detection and identification.
Position paper on the role of Internal Medicine in the management of hepatitis C virus infection (screening, diagnosis, linkage-to-care, treatment)
Authors: Ballardini Giorgio , Bandiera Francesco , Fontanella Luca , Mancini Antonio , Parisi Giancarlo , Piccolo Paola , Puoti Claudio , Zaccala Giuseppe , Zagarrì Elisa , Pappagallo Giovanni , Fontanella Andrea
Published: March 2020

Since Internal Medicine (IM) is the most frequent setting of hospitalization for both patients with advanced liver disease and those with comorbidities and risk factors for infection, through this position paper FADOI aims to promote and disseminates its vision regarding the current and potential role of IM in managing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (screening, diagnosis, linkage-to-care, treatment). The Internist plays an important role in identifying new cases, in selecting the appropriate diagnostic work-up for liver disease staging and prognosis, and in initiating antiviral therapy, coordinating care and communication with other specialists, the Hepatology outpatient clinic and General Practitioners. Since the Internist is naturally accustomed to the management of multiple comorbidities, he has a fundamental role in the identification of extrahepatic diseases associated with HCV infection and in the diagnosis of comorbidities, some of which are potential factors of liver disease progression. Moreover, in the prescription of the antiviral therapy, it is important to consider the possible drug interactions, and this ideally fits the role of the Internist who can weigh the risk/benefit ratio of possible alternatives, by considering the patient’s clinical situation, especially in case of multiple comorbidities. Moreover, it seems appropriate that the ability to prescribe antiviral therapy is guaranteed to all IM hepatology clinics, favoring a spread of awareness as well as an increase in national coverage and therefore patient access to therapies. The network of IM can also contribute to homogenizing the management policies of HCV treatment, which sometimes differ between Italian Regions.
An algorithm of good clinical practice to reduce intra-hospital 90-day mortality and need for Intensive Care Unit transfer: a new approach for septic patient management
Authors: Spoto Silvia , Costantino Sebastiano , Fogolari Marta , Valeriani Emanuele , Ciccozzi Massimo , Angeletti Silvia
Published: March 2020

Sepsis accounts for 50% of intra-hospital mortality. Septic shock is diagnosed in 2% of patients with half of these needing for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) transfer. An algorithm was applied for mortality, need for intensive care transfer and length of stay decrease. The observational study was performed on 231 consecutive enrolled patients with sepsis or septic shock admitted to the University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome. The algorithm was based on good clinical practice application of antimicrobial stewardship. Data were compared with data from comparable population of National and European surveys. In the study group, the global mortality rate was 26.8% (3.9% was intra-hospital and 23% 90-d mortality), need of ICU transfer was registered in 21.6%, and the median length of stay was 15 days. Globally, intra-hospital and 90-day mortality, were significantly lower than at national level (26.8% vs 63.6%, P<0.0001; 3.9% vs 25%, P<0.0001 and 23% vs 37.5%, P=0.0092). Need for ICU transfer in patients with septic shock was significantly lower than in the English survey (31.9% by vs 80.8% P<0.0001). A significant decrease of intra-hospital, 90-d mortality and need of ICU transfer was achieved.
A case study of the evolving management of leadership development in the retail banking sector
Authors: Jivan Ajay M.
Published: March 2020

Orientation: Leadership and its development continue to be an urgent and critical priority for firms. As a field of practice and research, one observes that leadership development continues to be characterised by the failure to achieve its outcomes in spite of the scale of firms’ investment in it and the availability of a rich repertoire of developmental methods. Therefore, there is a need to understand how leadership development is configured and managed within firms as a bounded function, as programmes and as learning and development processes.Research purpose: The study explored how leadership development is articulated, configured and managed within the retail banking sector in South Africa; in particular, the retail banks and the Banking Sector Education and Training Authority (BANKSETA).Motivation for the study: There is a dearth of research on how the purpose of leadership development is defined by and within firms and, relatedly, how the management of leadership development has evolved within these organisations.Research approach/design and method: The research comprised a multi-site, qualitative case study that utilised semi-structured interviews at five retail banks, the BANKSETA and the local business school that hosted the BANKSETA International Executive Development Programme (IEDP). Thematic analysis was used for the within and cross-case analysis of the data.Main findings: The study illustrated how the institutional dynamics, contingencies and compromises inform the evolving management of leadership development within organisations. It traced the evolving purposes and the internal and external differentiation of the Leadership Development Centres (LDCs) of the retail banks and the BANKSETA IEDP. These illustrate how leadership development as a function, centre, programme and process is shaped over time. This includes the sampled stakeholders’ developing capabilities, their internal and external partnerships, their different positions, and the contestations and integration challenges they contend with.Practical/managerial implications: The study provides insights on the evolving management of leadership development, in particular the capabilities, roles, partnerships and identity work that needs to be grappled with.Contribution/value-add: The research can help practitioners diagnose and manage their firm’s evolving capabilities and detail a road map for managing and innovating leadership development.
Study of Manufacturing Processes for Liquid Rocket Turbopump Impellers: Test and Analysis
Authors: Sergueievna Zink Ekaterina , Bourdon Daniel , Neias Junior Vanderlei , Fraga Sias Daniel , Kitsche Wolfgang , Wagner Bernd
Published: March 2020

In the context of the cooperative development of the L75 Liquid Rocket Engine (with 75 kN of thrust) and in the frame of a global enlargement of competence in the field of turbomachines for liquid rocket propulsion systems, Institute of Space Propulsion of the German Aerospace Center (DLR; in German, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt), in Lampoldshausen, and the Brazilian Institute of Aeronautics and Space (IAE; in Portuguese, Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço) have managed to produce its first flight ready components for pumps in liquid rocket propulsion systems. Among these components was a series of prototyped shrouded impellers for the oxidizer pumps manufactured in different materials and by different fabrication processes executed by four independent Brazilian and German workshops. Non-destructive and destructive testing methods have been applied for impellers materials validation, and for manufacturing processes verification. A special attention was given to the spin tests results and analysis, which included verification at maximum operational speed and burst testing, in order to determine the failure speed. Each tested impeller reached the required specification for the application in the L75 turbopump. Spin test logic and test results are discussed later on. Therefore, the scope of the present study is to investigate several traditional and cutting-edge processes applied for shrouded turbopump impellers manufacturing. A verification and validation of these processes will also be discussed.
On the Relationship Between Cloud Water Composition and Cloud Droplet Number Concentration
Authors: MacDonald Alexander B. , Hossein Mardi Ali , Dadashazar Hossein , Azadi Aghdam Mojtaba , Crosbie Ewan , Jonsson Haflidi H. , Flagan Richard C. , Seinfeld John H. , Sorooshian Armin
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Aerosol-cloud interactions are the largest source of uncertainty in quantifying anthropogenic radiative forcing. The large uncertainty is, in part, due to the difficulty of predicting cloud microphysical parameters, such as the cloud droplet number concentration (Nd). Even though rigorous first-principle approaches exist to calculate Nd, the cloud and aerosol research community also relies on empirical approaches such as relating Nd to aerosol mass concentration. Here we analyze relationships between Nd and cloud water chemical composition, in addition to the effect of environmental factors on the degree of the relationships. Warm, marine, stratocumulus clouds off the California coast were sampled throughout four summer campaigns between 2011 and 2016. A total of 385 cloud water samples were collected and analyzed for 79 chemical species. Single- and multi-species log-log linear regressions were performed to predict Nd using chemical composition. Single-species regressions reveal that the species that best predicts Nd is total sulfate (R2adj = 0.40). Multi-species regressions reveal that adding more species does not necessarily produce a better model, as six or more species yield regressions that are statistically insignificant. A commonality among the multi-species regressions that produce the highest correlation with Nd was that most included sulfate (either total or non-sea salt), an ocean emissions tracer (such as sodium), and an organic tracer (such as oxalate). Binning the data according to turbulence, smoke influence, and in-cloud height allowed examination of the effect of these environmental factors on the composition-Nd correlation. Accounting for turbulence, quantified as the standard deviation of vertical wind speed, showed that the correlation between Nd with both total sulfate and sodium increased at higher turbulence conditions, consistent with turbulence promoting the mixing between ocean surface and cloud base. Considering the influence of smoke significantly improved the correlation with Nd for two biomass burning tracer species in the study region, specifically oxalate and iron. When binning by in-cloud height, non-sea salt sulfate and sodium correlated best with Nd at cloud top, whereas iron and oxalate correlate best with Nd at cloud base.
The Effect of Enforcement Fairness on Environmental Performance
Authors: Earnhart Dietrich , Glicksman Robert L. , Harrington Donna Ramirez
Published: March 2020

Many empirical studies explore the effects of regulatory enforcement on environmental behavior and performance. Within this literature, a few empirical studies explore environmental regulators’ approach to enforcement, such as the contrast between a coercive strategy and a cooperative strategy. However, very little empirical research explores the role of fairness, which we interpret broadly to include multiple dimensions, e.g., similar treatment of similarly situated regulated entities. This study empirically analyzes the effect of enforcement fairness on the extent of compliance with wastewater discharge limits imposed on U.S. chemical manufacturing facilities. For this analysis, we use a subjective measure of the degree of “fair treatment” of the regulated facilities by the environmental regulator, as perceived by facilities and reported in response to an original survey. The empirical results robustly reveal that a less fair enforcement approach leads to better environmental performance, i.e., greater compliance.
Exploring the Roles, Functions and Competencies of Library and Media Teachers in Managing School Resource Centers and Supporting 21st Century Learning in Malaysian Schools
Authors: Hashim Husain , Shuhidan Shamila Mohamed
Published: March 2020

21st century skills are embedded in the Malaysian school curriculum to prepare and produce knowledgeable and responsible young citizens in coping with the challenges of the global knowledge economy. The trend has an impact on the roles of school resource centers (SRC), which are currently managed by the so-called library and media teachers (LMT). As the LMTs are appointed among school teachers who need to allocate and divide their responsibilities into academic teaching and SRC management, several issues are found from literature pertaining to their overburdened teaching tasks, lack of time and inadequate library management competencies. This has caused further shortcomings in service provision including poor implementation of information literacy and reading programs for school students. A qualitative research approach is adapted to investigate the roles, functions and competencies of LMTs in managing SRCs and supporting 21st century teaching and learning in the school setting. This study uses semi-structured interviews for data collection involving five (5) LMTs who provided insightful feedback towards understanding the aforementioned issues. The findings reveal essential information with respect to the roles, functions and competencies of LMTs and also identify relevant challenges that can disrupt the provision and delivery of SRC services, facilities and programs. This requires the attention of the government and school administration to enforce a better platform that enables the LMTs to uphold their roles and functions accordingly towards enhancing the 21st teaching and learning environment in Malaysian schools.
Monitoramento mensal da linha de costa no Balneário Mostardense - RS entre 2016/2017 utilizando dados de VANT
Authors: Simões Rodrigo Silva , De Oliveira Ulisses Rocha
Published: March 2020

Neste estudo foi realizado um monitoramento mensal, entre junho de 2016 e junho de 2017, da linha de costa e das dunas frontais no balneário Mostardense. Este segmento de costa situa-se no litoral central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, localidade que segundo trabalhos anteriores, sofre com a alta mobilidade eólica e com os efeitos do processo de erosão costeira. Este processo move a linha de costa em direção ao continente, sobretudo sob a ação de tempestades, ameaçando as ocupações mais próximas do limite praia-duna. Para a realização deste trabalho foram utilizadas um total de 258 fotografias aéreas obtidas em campo mensalmente a partir de um VANT (DJI® Phantom 3 Professional) para construção de ortofotomosaicos. Adicionalmente foram coletadas fotografias oblíquas (200), além de dados derivados de dois ondógrafos e de uma estação meteorológica, buscando compreender melhor as taxas de mobilidade da linha de costa, fruto da erosão e recomposição das dunas frontais. Os cálculos de variação de linha de costa foram realizados a partir do método do polígono de mudança. Os resultados demonstram a dinâmica da linha de costa, com destaque para um recuo significativo quando da passagem de um evento extremo de ondas do quadrante S ocorrido em outubro de 2016, onde houve recuo médio de linha de costa de 13,8 m entre outubro e novembro do mesmo ano. Também foram identificados períodos de recomposição das dunas frontais por ação eólica, sob o domínio de ventos de NE. Porém, durante o monitoramento realizado, não houveram taxas significativas de recomposição se comparadas com as de recuo. Os resultados obtidos também apontam para as potencialidades da utilização da ferramenta VANT em estudos de morfodinâmica costeira, podendo ser utilizado tanto para análises qualitativas (fotografias oblíquas) como para análises quantitativas (fotografias verticais).
Introduction of Exercise for Medicine (Exfome) Programme Among Patients In Primary Health Clinics In Malaysia
Authors: Mihat Omar , Ghani Rimah Melati Ab , Muhamad Nor Asiah , Pheng Lee Chee , Jaafar Safurah , Eliana Musa Nurul Syarbani , Sapian Roslinda Abu , Ismail S Asmaliza , Aris Tahir
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION: Diseases due to unhealthy lifestyles such as heart diseases and diabetes are increasing in Malaysia. Heart diseases are the leading cause of deaths of patients in government hospitals, i.e. 16.1% of total deaths in 2009. A customised exercise regime called Exercise for Medicine (EXFOME) was introduced to improve and prevent chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, obesity and hypertension.

MATERIAL & METHODS: A total of 126 participants from government health clinics in three states of Peninsular Malaysia were selected to participate in the EXFOME. Each participant was evaluated prior to the program using an assessment protocol. Fitness assessment and evaluation with body composition measurement were taken. Exercise therapist prescribed a personalized exercise program according to conditions.

RESULTS: Effect of exercise was measured in terms of improvement in hypertension and diabetes, body weight, body fat, lipid profile and physical fitness at three and six months.

CONCLUSION: EXFOME is beneficial to improve the status of hypertension, diabetes, body weight and lipid profile when it is carried out for longer period.
Work Productivity and Quality-of-Life of Mental Health Patients Attending Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro.
Authors: Agboola Afis A. , Esan Oluwaseun T. , Soyinka Ajibola T.
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION: Improving mental health patients’ lost work productivity (LWP) may improve their health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and thus reduce their risk for more morbidity and mortality.

METHODS: The study investigated the association between the LWP and HRQOL of 284 mental health follow-up patients at a neuro-psychiatric hospital in Nigeria. It was cross-sectional in design with data obtained quantitatively and analysed using the IBM SPSS version 20 at a significance level of p<0.05.

RESULTS: The higher the LWP scores, the worse their level of work productivity but the higher the HRQOL scores, the better their HRQOL. There was a significant relationship between the LWP and HRQOL as every unit improvement in a number of the LWP scales, showed a corresponding significant increase in a number of the patient’s HRQOL domains for patients with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. However, patients with depression or mental and behavioural disorders showed no such relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: The lost work productivity scales and health-related quality of life domains’ assessments can be used as monitoring tools by physicians to assess the level of improvement of their patients to treatment. Their roles as prognostic tools can be tested in further studies.
Online Hate Speech and the Safety of Internet Users
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Barbara , Dąbrowska Marlena , Szczepański Piotr , Nowicka Izabela
Published: March 2020

Background: Hate speech is a very important problem nowadays. One can meet it in one’s immediate surroundings (conversations with friends), the media, the Internet, or in the so-called public space (for example, inscriptions on the walls). One form of hate speech is online hate speech, which, together with certain other phenomena, is referred to as hejt in the Polish language. The authors of the article focus on presenting online hate speech in relation to various age and social groups. Objectives: The aim of the article is to present the phenomenon of hate speech on the web and its impact on the safety of Internet users. Methods: The article uses basic theoretical and empirical methods. Content published on the Internet is analyzed and case studies are described. Interviews with experts (psychologists, police officers, sociologists, media and hate speech specialists) were also conducted and their views are presented. Conclusions: In the discussion about hate speech, prevention is extremely important. According to the authors, broad prevention consisting of professionally prepared content, enriched with film materials, presented by an expert or a trained teacher, should be included in the core curriculum of schools as one of the mandatory issues raised during the lessons.
G’Libras: Um Sistema Especialista para Auxilio à Criação de Glosas
Authors: Ellwanger Cristiane , Santos Cristina , Soares Pedro , Weisheimer Tiago
Published: March 2020

As estruturas morfossintáticas e a formação de palavras, individuais ou em contexto, necessárias à tradução automática de Libras para a Língua Portuguesa Brasileira, impõem desafios ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias direcionadas a comunidade surda. Diante disso, este artigo apresenta G’LIBRAS - um sistema especialista com foco específico na geração de glosas, dada sua importância para a concepção de textos acessíveis ao usuário surdo. A modelagem, implementação e validação do sistema contou com a participação de especialistas (interpretes) e demonstram os esforços para com desenvolvimento de tecnologias que respeitem a diversidade cultural do usuário, suas características e seus valores.
Angels in the Areopagetic Tradition
Authors: Terezis Christos , Petridou Lydia ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: March 2020

In this article, we deal with the intelligible world of the angels in the Areopagetic tradition and we compose references found in the De divinis nominibus to form, as far as possible, a complete definition of them. This systematic approach to the Areopagetic corpus takes into consideration Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite’s text and George Pachymeres’ Paraphrasis of this treatise. We also offer a methodological proposal on how we can structure theoretically general concepts that refer to objective realities, which however cannot be proved by the tools of formal Logic.
Escapa, si quieres: diseñando Escape Rooms
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: March 2020

Los Escape Rooms (también conocidos popularmente como Room Escapes o Escape Games) se han convertido en una de las iniciativas de ocio más importantes y en expansión de los últimos años. Si no has hecho uno, seguro que conoces a alguien cercano que lo haya hecho. En este artículo, avanzo el contenido de una serie de entrevistas a diseñadores de Escape Rooms de Barcelona (uno de los principales centros neurálgicos de esta actividad), que he realizado como parte de un material sobre storytelling para el Grado de Diseño y Creación Digitales de la UOC.
Exoesqueletos, chips neuronales, realidad aumentada y cognición mejorada
Authors: Cavaller Víctor
Published: March 2020

Los avances tecnológicos en el ámbito del desarrollo de exoesqueletos, de la automatización robótica de procesos, de la implantación de chips neuronales, de la visión y realidad aumentadas revertirán en las futuras décadas en una cognición mejorada. Empresas como Neuralink, CTRL-Labs, Neurable, ReWalk Robotics, Cyberdyne, Ekso Bionics o Zeiss pueden acabar encontrándose en un ámbito conocido como interacción cerebro-ordenador-máquina.
Premiados los mejores TFM de Comunicación Corporativa, Protocolo y Eventos
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: March 2020

El 30 de noviembre de 2018 tuvo lugar la ceremonia de entrega de los premios a los mejores trabajos finales de las titulaciones oficiales de los Estudios de Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC). La convocatoria de estos premios tiene el objetivo de reconocer los proyectos más destacados que han llevado a cabo los estudiantes de las titulaciones de grado y de máster universitario durante el curso 2016-2017.
Transparencia, reutilización e inteligencia
Authors: Garcia Alsina Montserrat
Published: March 2020

La Ley de transparencia, acceso a la información pública y buen gobierno, aunque en la mente de la mayoría sea un instrumento de detección y prevención de la corrupción, es un instrumento más a disposición de las administraciones públicas y las empresas de un territorio para crear inteligencia y, por ende, riqueza y desarrollo territorial. Para que ello ocurra, solo se debe aprovechar y explotar la información y los datos contenidos en los sistemas de información y en los documentos que forman parte de los expedientes administrativos. ¿Se está aprovechando y explotando la información? ¿Cómo se logra? ¿Qué se está haciendo?
Lo que Siri no te cuenta
Authors: Creus Amalia
Published: March 2020

Cada vez más, muchos de los procesos y decisiones que nos afectan —cómo buscamos información, cómo nos evalúan en una entrevista de trabajo, el precio de nuestro seguro de coche o la manera en que encontramos pareja o hacemos amigos— están menos determinadas por interacciones humanas y más por algoritmos: modelos matemáticos que generan predicciones y patrones de conducta a partir de datos masivos.
Communication platforms on the Internet as trading zones: advantages and limitations
Authors: Maslanov Evgenii Valerevich
Published: March 2020

The subject of this research is the analysis of specificity of functionality of communication platforms on the Internet. They can be presented as trading zones, the foundation for development of the new ways for establishing relationships between various actors. Special role in their functioning is played by interaction between human and nonhuman actors, such as interfaces, software strings, voice-activated digital assistant, and other. Such trading zones may be described as the space suggesting formation of the new type of sociality as the basis for building associations and unions between the human and nonhuman actors. Leaning on the methodological approaches towards the analysis of trading zones demonstrated in the works of P. Galison, and application of the elements of methodological approach used in terms of the actor-network theory by B. Latour and M. Callon, the author views functionality of such trading zones as network elements. The main conclusion consists in the statement that the communication platforms may be described as the hybrid distributed spaces of interpretation and harmonization of activity between human and nonhuman actors operating within the framework of the Internet culture. The advantages of hybrid functionality of trading zone on the Internet include: fast creation of new associations and networks; communication and compliance with general rules developed in the process of creation and operation of associations between different actors; constructive character of associations; formation of the situation of uncertainty. The following aspects can be referred to as limitations: formality and technical invariance of their functionality; diminishing connectedness with the traditional cultures; primacy of the rational, rationalization of affectiveness and imposition of the specific standards of rationality.
Representation of image of the past in modern Russian historical fiction films
Authors: Lysova Natalia Aleksandrovna
Published: March 2020

This article examines the problems of representation of images of the past in modern historical fiction film and TV series. The relevance of the topic is substantiated by current popularity of this genre of cinematography among audience. The younger generation refers to the historical fiction films as an easy-to-grasp source of information on the historical facts, events, processes and personalities. However, such trend carries a threat of disorientation of mass audience regarding the historical past. The article analyzes the concept of “image”, “artistic image”, “image of the past” and their specific features in the context of the subject of research. Attention is turned to complexity of interrelation of the concept of “historical film” and the introduced into mass media terminology stable lexical construct “pseudohistorical film”. The combination of two approaches became the foundation for this research: culturological approach allowed viewing the degree of representation of images of the mast in historical fiction cinematography; while multifaceted nature of the subject of research and versatility of theoretical and empirical materials suggest referring to interdisciplinary approach. Based on the analysis of modern historical fiction feature films and TV series, the author highlights the criteria that allows assessing the adequacy of image of the past and historical reality depicted on the screen. Such criteria include: veracity of reconstruction of material culture of a specific historical period; events and occurrences, social and historical processes of the reproduced historical time; accuracy of interpretation of mentality of a particular cultural-historical period; original view of the film creators upon history; original understanding and interpretation of historical processes, events and phenomena, etc. Within the framework of this article, emphasis is made on the first two criteria.
Extracellular matrix-inducing Sox9 promotes both basal progenitor proliferation and gliogenesis in developing neocortex
Authors: Güven Ayse , Kalebic Nereo , Long Katherine R , Florio Marta , Vaid Samir , Brandl Holger , Stenzel Denise , Huttner Wieland B
Published: March 2020

Neocortex expansion is largely based on the proliferative capacity of basal progenitors (BPs), which is increased by extracellular matrix (ECM) components via integrin signaling. Here we show that the transcription factor Sox9 drives expression of ECM components and that laminin 211 increases BP proliferation in embryonic mouse neocortex. We show that Sox9 is expressed in human and ferret BPs and is required for BP proliferation in embryonic ferret neocortex. Conditional Sox9 expression in the mouse BP lineage, where it normally is not expressed, increases BP proliferation, reduces Tbr2 levels and induces Olig2 expression, indicative of premature gliogenesis. Conditional Sox9 expression also results in cell-non-autonomous stimulation of BP proliferation followed by increased upper-layer neuron production. Our findings demonstrate that Sox9 exerts concerted effects on transcription, BP proliferation, neuron production, and neurogenic vs. gliogenic BP cell fate, suggesting that Sox9 may have contributed to promote neocortical expansion.
Candidemia en Colombia
Authors: Cortés Jorge Alberto , Ruiz José Franklin , Melgarejo-Moreno Lizeth Natalia , Lemos Elkin V.
Published: March 2020

En Colombia, especialmente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, la candidemia es una causa frecuente de infección del torrente sanguíneo y representa el 88 % de lasinfecciones fúngicas en pacientes hospitalizados, con una mortalidad entre 36 y 78 %. Su incidencia en Colombia es mayor a la reportada en los países desarrollados e, incluso, en otros países de Latinoamérica. Para su manejo deben considerarse los factores de riesgo del paciente, luego valorar las características clínicas y, finalmente, hacer los estudios microbiológicos y, si es necesario, pruebas moleculares.En general, las guías estadounidenses, latinoamericanas y europeas recomiendan las equinocandinas como el tratamiento de primera línea de la candidemia y difieren en el uso de fluconazol dependiendo de la ‘evidencia’, la gravedad de la enfermedad, la exposición previa a los azoles y la prevalencia de Candida no albicans. Dada su gran incidencia en nuestro país, asociada con una elevada mortalidad, esta infección debe buscarse sistemáticamente en pacientes con factores de riesgo, con el fin de iniciar oportunamente el tratamiento antifúngico.
Cáncer de mama en seis familias del Tolima y el Huila: mutación BRCA1 3450del4
Authors: Benavides Jennyfer , Suárez Jonh , Estrada Ana , Bohórquez Mábel , Ramírez Carolina , Olaya Justo , Sánchez Yesid , Mateus Gilbert , Carvajal Luis , Echeverry María Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Introducción. El cáncer de mama es un problema mundial de salud pública; entre el 5 y el 10 % de los casos presentan agregación familiar, lo que se explicaría por la presencia de mutaciones en genes de alto riesgo como el BRCA1 y el BRCA2. El origen fundador de la deleción BRCA1 3450del4 en Colombia ya fue reportado.Objetivo. Hacer un análisis descriptivo de seis familias del del Tolima y del Huila con la deleción BRCA1 3450del4 de la asociación de la mutación germinal, con el cáncer de mama y la agregación familiar.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y transversal de seis casos índice con cáncer de mama positivos para BRCA1 3450del4, que cumplían tres de los criterios establecidos por Jalkh, et al. A partir de la información de las entrevistas, se realizaron los árboles genealógicos (GenoPro™, versión 2016). Se tipificó la mutación en familiares sanos y afectados que aceptaron participar.Resultados. De los 78 individuos seleccionados por conveniencia en las seis familias, 30 presentaron la mutación BRCA1 3450del4; de ellos, seis tenían cáncer de mama, uno, cáncer de ovario, uno, cáncer de mama y ovario, y otro, cáncer de próstata; 21 no presentaban neoplasias. De los 30 individuos portadores de la variante patogénica, seis eran hombres y 24 mujeres, 13 de ellas menores de 30 años.Conclusiones. En este estudio se confirmó la asociación de la deleción BRCA1 3450del4 con el cáncer de mama de agregación familiar.
A case of envenomation by the false fer-de-lance snake Leptodeira annulata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the department of La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Angarita-Sierra Teddy , Montañez-Méndez Alejandro , Toro-Sánchez Tatiana , Rodríguez-Vargas Ariadna
Published: March 2020

Envenomations by colubrid snakes in Colombia are poorly known, consequently, the clinical relevance of these species in snakebite accidents has been historically underestimated. Herein, we report the first case of envenomation by opisthoglyphous snakes in Colombia occurred under fieldwork conditions at the municipality of Distracción, in the department of La Guajira. A female biologist was bitten on the index finger knuckle of her right hand when she tried to handle a false fer-de-lance snake (Leptodeira annulata). Ten minutes after the snakebite, the patient started to have symptoms of mild local envenomation such as edema, itching, and pain in the wound. After 40 minutes, the edema reached its maximum extension covering the dorsal surface of the right hand and causing complete loss of mobility. The clinical treatment focused on pain and swelling control. No laboratory tests were performed. The patient showed good progress with the total regression of the edema 120 hours after the snake-bite accident and complete recovery of the movement of the limb in one week. Venomous bites of “non-venomous snakes” (opisthoglyphous colubrid snakes) must be considered as a significant public health problem because patients lose their work capability during hours or even days and they are forced to seek medical assistance to treat the envenomation manifestations.
Estado de salud y barreras en la atención de niños con defectos congénitos nacidos entre el 2011 y el 2017 en dos instituciones de salud de Cali
Authors: Imbachi Luisa F. , Ibañez Lina M. , Hurtado-Villa Paula
Published: March 2020

Introducción. Los defectos congénitos afectan entre el 2 y el 3 % de los recién nacidos, y son una carga importante entre las causas de morbilidad y mortalidad infantil en los primeros cinco años de vida. En Colombia, fueron la segunda causa de mortalidad infantil según los reportes del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) para el 2011.Objetivo. Describir el estado de salud y las barreras en la atención de niños con defectos congénitos nacidos entre el 2011 y el 2017 en dos instituciones de salud de Cali.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron los nacidos entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2017 con, al menos, un defecto congénito, a quienes se les hizo seguimiento telefónico.Resultados. De 54.193 nacidos en el período analizado, 1.389 (2,56 %) tenían, por lo menos, un defecto congénito. Todos los casos se clasificaron según la escala de pronóstico y se incluyeron 881 en el seguimiento. El defecto congénito más frecuente fue la malformación congénita cardíaca, con 88 (9,99 %) casos; en segundo lugar, las malformaciones o defectos del riñón, con 73 (8,29 %) casos; en tercer lugar, el síndrome de Down, con 72 (8,17 %) casos, y en cuarto lugar, las anormalidades testiculares, con 56 (6,36 %). Ciento sesenta y uno (35,46 %) de los cuidadores de los 454 casos con seguimiento efectivo, manifestaron haber encontrado, por lo menos, un tipo de barrera en la atención.Conclusión. Se deben implementar programas de seguimiento de los pacientes con defectos congénitos, que contribuyan a disminuir la morbimortalidad.
Soft Electromagnetic Actuator and Oscillator
Authors: Kohls Noah D. , Mazumdar Yi Chen
Published: December 2024

Soft actuators are critical for enabling soft robots, medical devices, and haptic systems. Many soft actuators, however, require power to hold a configuration and rely on hard circuitry for control, limiting their potential applications. In this work, the first soft electromagnetic system is demonstrated for externally‐controlled bistable actuation or self‐regulated astable oscillation. This novel bellows‐shaped actuator uses liquid metal encased in silicone as a compliant conductor that is capable of force generation, integrated sensing, and self‐reconnecting. In the bistable configuration, the actuator can hold positions with no power. By utilizing a unique soft kinking mechanism, the actuator can generate feedback for self‐regulated oscillation. The construction, sensing, and feedback mechanisms for this actuator are first discussed. Then, the force output, thermal performance, and dynamics are characterized. The bistable version has a stroke of 6 mm and can compress/expand with only 15 W of power for 30 ms. The astable version has a stroke of 3 mm and can oscillate at 27 Hz with 18 W of power. Several applications are demonstrated including bistable crawling, hopping, pulsing, and swimming. By adding a 20 V battery, self‐regulated astable vibrational locomotion is also demonstrated. Overall, this work shows how these actuators and oscillators can bridge the gap between conventional and soft robots.
Crystal Damage and Surface Morphology in Industrial Diamond Wire Slicing of 300 mm Monocrystalline Silicon Wafers for Microelectronic Devices
Authors: Oberhans Stephan , Heiss Wolfgang , Pietsch Georg J.
Published: December 2024

In the semiconductor industry, thin wafers are cut from a monocrystalline silicon. The most important process step is cutting the monocrystal into a multitude of thin substrate slices, which determines the properties of the resulting wafers. Some time ago, the transition from traditional slurry‐wire‐slicing (S‐MWS) to diamond‐wire‐slicing (D‐MWS), which is more cost‐effective and resource‐efficient, took place. Unlike in the photovoltaic industry and also in the production of smaller wafer diameters of up to 200 mm, it is not possible to create a seamless transition with today's standard wafer diameters of 300 mm due to the waviness that occurs on the wafer surface immediately after the cutting process. This situation considerably limits the achievable component generation (design rule), as the strict requirements of the chip manufacturers cannot be fulfilled. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the process is required. A detailed comparison of the surface structure, surface topography, and fracture strength is carried out based on the three relevant crystal orientations Silicon(100), Silicon(110), and Silicon(111). In addition, some wire segments are examined. All microscopic examinations carry out on both the primary and secondary chipping faces do not provide any correlation between the microscopic surface condition and the macroscopic waviness.
The Utility of Long‐Read Sequencing in Diagnosing Early Onset Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Daida Kensuke , Yoshino Hiroyo , Malik Laksh , Baker Breeana , Ishiguro Mayu , Genner Rylee , Paquette Kimberly , Li Yuanzhe , Nishioka Kenya , Masuzugawa Satoshi , Hirano Makito , Takahashi Kenta , Kolmogorov Mikhail , Billingsley Kimberley J. , Funayama Manabu , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: December 2024

Objective

Variants in PRKN and PINK1 are the leading cause of early‐onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease, yet many cases remain genetically unresolved. We previously identified a 7 megabases complex structural variant in a pair of monozygotic twins using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) long‐read sequencing. This study aims to determine if ONT long‐read sequencing can detect a second variant in other unresolved early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) cases with 1 heterozygous PRKN or PINK1 variant.

Methods

ONT long‐read sequencing was performed on EOPD patients with 1 reported PRKN/PINK1 pathogenic variant, with onset age under 50. Positive controls included EOPD patients with 2 known PRKN pathogenic variants. Initial testing involved short‐read targeted panel sequencing for single nucleotide variants and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification for copy number variants.

Results

A total of 47 patients were studied (PRKN “one‐variant,” n = 23; PINK1 “one‐variant,” n = 12; PRKN “two‐variants,” n = 12). ONT long‐read sequencing identified a second pathogenic variant in 26% of PRKN “one‐variant” patients (6/23), but none in PINK1 “one‐variant” patients (0/12). Detected variants included 1 complex inversion, 2 structural variant overlaps, and 3 duplications. In the PRKN “two‐variants” group, both variants were identified in all patients (100%, 12/12).

Interpretation

ONT long‐read sequencing effectively identifies pathogenic structural variants in the PRKN locus missed by conventional methods. It should be considered for unresolved EOPD cases when a second variant is not detected through conventional approaches. ANN NEUROL 2024
Optimization of Liquid‐Cooled Thermal Management System Based on Cylindrical Battery Packs: A Novel Wedge Applied to the Cooling Channel
Authors: Ran Zonghui , Lv Baozhan , Ren Yuanyuan , Wu Tianliang , Fang Jiawei
Published: December 2024

In the field of new energy vehicles, battery liquid cooling systems are widely adopted due to their convenient packaging and high cooling efficiency. To address the challenge of relatively poor temperature uniformity in liquid cooling systems, this research introduces a novel wedge structure to enhance system cooling performance and temperature consistency. Firstly, six innovative wedge structures were proposed and comprehensively evaluated based on their heat transfer characteristics. Secondly, the impact of the structural parameters of the selected wedge design on the system's heat dissipation was investigated. Finally, optimizations were conducted on various factors, including arrangement schemes, number of passages, and inlet and outlet directions. The results indicate that the wedge structure disrupts the flow state of the cooling medium, promotes increased coolant flow within the channel, and enhances the heat dissipation of the module. The newly implemented structure can maintain the average module temperature at 32.59°C. By merely arranging the wedges alternately in a single channel, the maximum module temperature can be reduced to 32.41°C, and the temperature difference can be narrowed to 4.52°C, representing a decrease of 2.82°C in maximum temperature and 1.95°C in temperature difference compared with a smooth channel. This proves that the new wedges exhibit exceptional performance in heat dissipation and temperature uniformity. Furthermore, by upgrading the single liquid‐cooled module to a double liquid‐cooled module with full alternating flow, the temperature difference can ultimately be controlled to 4°C, and the maximum temperature is reduced to 29.84°C.
Roadmap on Weak Measurements in Optics
Authors: Dhara Ritwik , Modak Niladri , Guchhait Shyamal , Ghosh Nirmalya
Published: December 2024

Even though weak measurements and weak value amplification (WVA) are founded on the principles of quantum mechanics and quantum measurements, these have found widespread applications in optics due to their inherent origin in wave interference. Besides their use in addressing foundational questions of quantum mechanics or for resolving quantum paradoxes, weak measurements and WVA have thus been used for numerous metrological applications, e.g., quantification of small optical beam displacement, tiny angular rotation, determination of extremely small phase shifts, spectral shifts, unraveling weak fundamental optical effects, improved optical imaging, amplifying weak signal and extracting small physical parameters and so forth. In this review, after providing the mathematical foundation of weak measurement and WVA, some of the metrological applications of weak measurements in the classical optics domain are briefly summarized, and the controversies and debates on the potential advantages of WVA in the estimation and detection of weak signal are discussed, and the interferometric philosophy of WVA is elucidated. The experimental weak measurement and WVA schemes in the domain of quantum optics are also discussed and highlighted the new perspectives and emerging trends of weak measurements in both the classical and quantum optics domain and their prospects in the development of next‐generation ultra‐sensitive optical devices.