bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KOMUNIKASI EFEKTIF BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA HOTEL RANGKAYO BASA
Authors: Martha Zike , Flowerina Indria , Bishry Asni Dewi Syahriani
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Komunikasi Efekti Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Hotel Rangkayo Basa secara parsial dan simultan. Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah Hotel Rangkayo Basa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Total Sampling yaitu semua anggota populasi dijadikan sampel. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Secara Parsial hasil pengujian hipotesis motivasi kerja menunjukkan nilai t hitung > t tabel dengan taraf signifikansi 0,20, berarti motivasi kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Hotel Rangkayo Basa. Kata Kunci: Motivasi Kerja, Komunikasi Efektif, Budaya Organisasi, Kinerja Karyawan ABSTRACT: This study aims to see the effect of work influence and communication on the effectiveness of organizational culture on employee performance at the Rangkayo Basa hotel partially and simultaneously. The research object used was the Rangkayo Basa Hotel. The research used total sampling technique, in which all members of the population were sampled. This research is included in the type of quantitative descriptive research. The data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Partially the results of testing the motivation hypothesis show the value of t count> t table with a significance value of 0.20, meaning that work motivation has a significant effect on the employee performance of the Rangkayo Basa Hotel.
THE EFFECT OF POLYPHENOLS FROM POLYGONUM MULTIFLORUM THUNB. ROOT EXTRACT ON THE STORAGE OF GROUND BEEF
Authors: QUOC Le Pham Tan , MUOI Nguyen Van , TRUC Tran Thanh , THIEN Van Hong , THU Le Tram Nghia , ANH Tran Thi Mai , NGAN Nguyen Thi , VUONG Nguyen Duc , HAO Pham My , TUAN Nguyen Ngoc , XUAN Nguyen Ngo My
Published: June 2021

The goal of this research is to evaluate the influence of the polyphenols extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. root on the lipid oxidation, chemical properties and sensory characteristics of ground beef during frozen storage. Beef was ground in aqueous solutions of polyphenols extract at different concentrations: 830, 415, 277, 208 and 166 mg GAE/L, polyphenols solution/sample ratio is 1/20 (v/w). Then, the ground beef was stored for up to 100 days at -20±2oC. The best oxidation inhibitor for ground beef was at the highest polyphenols concentration of 830 mg GAE/L. All quality parameters (pH, PoV, MDA, color parameter and sensory evaluation) of the treated sample and of the control sample display significant differences during storage period. For this reason, it was concluded that the polyphenols extract of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. root could be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidant in beef processing.
FUNGI COLONIZING CONIFEROUS SEEDLINGS IN FOREST NURSERIES OF MIDDLE SIBERIA
Authors: SHELLER Marina A. , SHILKINA Elena A. , IBE Aleksey A. , SUKHIKH Tatyana V. , SAFRONOVA Inna E.
Published: June 2021

The study was carried out in four forest nurseries of Middle Siberia. Affected seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Scots Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) were collected for molecular phytopathological examination. In total, 14 fungal taxa were identified in the needles and roots of the plants. The most dominant among them were Sydowia polyspora (Bref. Tavel) E., Didymella glomerata (Corda) Qian Chen L. Cai, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, Lophodermium seditiosum Minter, Staley Millar, Phialocephala fortinii C. J. K. Wang H. E. Wilcox and Cadophora finlandica (C. J. K. Wang H. E. Wilcox) T. C. Harr. McNew. The richness of the fungal taxa was higher in the needles than in the roots of all the tree species studied. The obtained results could be used for implementing more effective phytosanitary measures in the studied nurseries.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet: An online questionnaire based-study in a Spanish population sample just before the Covid-19 lockdown
Authors: Bagues Ana , Almagro Andrea , Bermúdez Teresa , López-Tofiño Yolanda , González Antonio , Abalo Raquel
Published: June 2021

Background: The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced risk of developing several pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases. Despite this, adherence to MD in the general population has decreased in the past years. Due to COVID-19 crisis, eating habits of the population are being affected, thus data assessing these habits just before lockdown are important to determine how they are modified. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire was used to evaluate adherence to MD just before COVID-19 lockdown.Methods: The KIDMED survey was launched through the Google platform for surveys, from 2/20/20 until 3/13/20. Additionally, questions about gender, weight and height for body mass index (BMI) calculation, academic degree, and nationality were included. Multivariate linear regression was performed for data analysis.Results: A total of 861 completed surveys were collected. Some surveys were discarded because data was missing (18), the participants were not of Spanish nationality (18), or because they did not belong to the age groups included in the study (19). The remaining 804 surveys were divided into the following age groups: 15-24 (n=160), 25-34 (n=158), 35-54 (n=363) and 55-69 (n=123). In the 15–24-year-old group, 71.9% had a BMI between 18-24.9, but only 28.1% reached an index ≥8 in the KIDMED questionnaire. Adherence to MD improved as the age in the groups increased, but so did the BMI, especially in the oldest group. In all adult groups, approximately 50% had a university education. Overall, lower BMI was significantly related to females, younger age and a higher degree of studies. On the other hand, the higher adherence to MD was related to older age and a higher degree of education.  Conclusions: The improved adherence to MD was not associated with a reduced BMI. Maybe other factors, like sedentary life or hormonal changes, known to impact people while aging, have influenced our results. Possibly, adherence to MD might have played a protective role, at least partially, against an even higher BMI. More research is needed to fully determine the impact of adherence to MD in the Spanish population, also after COVID-19 lockdown.Keywords: Mediterranean diet, KIDMED, Body mass index, Spain
ИНВЕСТИЦИЯЛЫҚ КЛИМАТ-ШЕТЕЛДІК ИНВЕСТИЦИЯЛАРДЫ ТАРТУ ҮШІН ҚАЖЕТТІ ШАРТ
Authors: Абиева С.Н. , Құрмантаева A.Ж. , Темирова Ж.
Published: June 2021

Қазақстанның инвестициялық тартымдылығына әсер ететін негізгі факторлар қолайлы инвестициялық заңнамалармен, экономикалық және саяси тұрақтылықпен қолдау көрсетілетін елдің қолайлы бизнес-климаты болып табылады.Қолайлы инвестициялық климат әлеуетті инвесторлар арасында жылдар бойы қалыптасқан жағымды артықшылықтарды қалыптастырудың іргелі негізін құрайды. Инвестициялық климаттың тартымдылықтан басымдығы айқын болады, ол сайып келгенде ұлттық және жергілікті саясаттағы басымдықтарды анықтауы керек. Осыған байланысты нвестициялық климатты жақсарту қажеттілігі және инвестициялық саясатты дұрыс дамыту ұлттық экономиканың деңгейін арттырудағы маңыздылығы мақалада нақты негізделеді. Мақалада инвестициялық климатқа әсер ететін факторлар жекелеп қарастырылған. Сонымен қатар мақалада еліміздің жоғары инвестициялық әлеуетіне қарамастан, Қазақстанда қолайлы инвестициялық климатты қалыптастыруға кедергі келтіретін проблемалар айтылған. Ұлттық экономиканы табысты жүргізу үшін инвестициялар тарту қажет. Қазақстан тәуелсіздік алғаннан бастап инвестициялық климатты жақсарту және тікелей шетелдік инвестицияларды тарту мемлекеттің дамуында негізгі рөл атқаратындықтан, олар үшін қолайлы жағдайлар жасау арқылы ел экономикасына инвесторлар тарту міндетін жалғастырып келеді. Осы ретте бизнес-климат пен реттеуші ортаның жай-күйін көрсететін халықаралық рейтингт, яғни Doing Business бизнес жүргізу жеңілдігі рейтингінде Қазақстан соңғы 10 жыл ішінде 38 орынға, демек – 2010 жылғы 63-ші орыннан 2020 жылы 25-ші орынға көтерілгендігі мақалада сурет түрінде бейнеленеді. Қазақстанда 2020 жылы тікелей шетелдік инвестициялардың жаһандық ағындары COVID-19 пандемиясының экономикалық әсеріне байланысты 2019 жылмен салыстырғанда 49% кеміген. Объективті себептер бойынша 2020 жылдың тоғыз айында Қазақстанға тікелей шетелдік инвестициялардың жалпы ағыны 32,2%-ға азайып, нәтижесінде 12,6 млрд АҚШ долларын құрағандығы мақалада салыстырымалы түрде статистикалық мәліметтермен талданады.Құлдырау себептері негізінен экономиканың тау-кен өндіру секторына тікелей шетелдік инвестициялар ағынының қысқаруымен байланыстылығы мақалада беріледі. Қазіргі уақытта Қазақстанда шетелдік инвестициялар ағымының оң үрдісі байқалады. Дегенмен, шетелдік инвестицияларды Қазақстан экономикасының қажеттіліктерін қанағаттандыру үшін ұлғайту керек еді, өйткені капиталды әкету оны әкелуден асып түседі. Бұл, өз кезегінде, жалпы елдегі және әсіресе шетелдік инвестицияларға қатысты өте қолайлы емес инвестициялық климатпен түсіндіріледі.Сонымен қатар мақалада Қазақстанда жинақталған шетелдік инвестициялар ағынының көлемі бойынша соңғы 6 жылдың динамикасына талдау жасалады. Мақалада авторлар қолайлы инвестициялық климатты қолдау және ел экономикасына тікелей шетелдік инвестициялардың келуін ынталандыру Қазақстанның маңызды мемлекеттік міндеті болып табылатындығына баса назар аударады.
Crack initiation and propagation on the polymeric material ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), under ultrasonic fatigue testing
Authors: G. M. Domínguez Almaraz  , E. Correa Gómez  , J.C. Verduzco Juárez  , J.L. Avila Ambriz
Published: June 2021

Crack initiation and propagation have been investigated on the polymeric material ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), under ultrasonic fatigue testing. Three controlled actions were implemented in order to carry out fatigue tests at very high frequency on this material of low thermal conductivity, they are: a) The applying load was low to limit heat dissipation at the specimen neck section, b) The dimensions of testing specimen were small (but fitting the resonance condition), in order to restraint the temperature gradient at the specimen narrow section, c) Temperature at the specimen neck section was restrained by immersion in water or oil during ultrasonic fatigue testing. Experimental results are discussed on the basis of thermo-mechanical behaviour: the tail phenomenon at the initial stage of fatigue, initial shear yielding deformation, crazed development on the later stage, plastic strain on the fracture surface and the transition from low to high crack growth rate. In addition, a numerical analysis is developed to evaluate the J integral of energy dissipation and the stress intensity factor K, with the crack length
Multiaxial fatigue of in-service aluminium longerons for helicopter rotor-blades
Authors: Shanyavskiy A. , Toushentsov A.
Published: June 2021

Fatigue cracking of longerons manufactured from Al-alloy AVT-1 for helicopter in-service rotor-blades was considered and crack growth period and equivalent of tensile stress for different blade sections were estimated. Complicated case of in-service blades multiaxial cyclically bending-rotating and tension can be considered based on introduced earlier master curve constructed for aluminum alloys in the simple case of uniaxial tension with stress R-ratio near to zero. Calculated equivalent tensile stress was compared for different blade sections and it was shown that in-service blades experienced not principle difference in this value in the crack growth direction by the investigated sections. It is not above the designed equivalent stress level. Crack growth period estimation in longerons based on fatigue striation spacing or meso-beach-marks measurements has shown that monitoring system introduced designer in longerons can be effectively used for in-time crack detecting independently on the failed section when can appeared because of various type of material faults or in-service damages.
Numerical analysis of the influence of liquid on propagation of a rolling contact fatigue crack
Authors: Mirosaw Olzak  , Janusz Piechna  , Pawe Pyrzanowski
Published: June 2021

Numerical investigations of the propagation of rolling contact fatigue crack filled by the liquid have been conducted. Two models of fluid – crack interaction have been considered. In the first model called “hydrostatic” the assumption of incompressible, inviscid and weightless liquid was accepted. It was also assumed that due to the wheel load the trapped liquid could not get outside the crack and its volume remained constant until the rising pressure would open up the crack mouth again. On this assumption the analysis has a steady-state character. In the second model it has been assumed that the crack is filled by the viscous, incompressible fluid and the fluid motion as well as the resulting pressure distribution can be represented by one-dimensional form of the Reynolds equation. The method for solving the problem of the coupled motion of liquid and crack faces has been developed and series of calculation were made. The method has been employed for the predicting of crack deformation in the course of wheel rolling.
Geschlecht, Subjekt und Macht empirisch erforschen, methodologisch neu denken: Ansätze für einen dekonstruktivistischen Blick auf vergeschlechtlichte Subjektwerdung
Authors: Conrads Judith
Published: June 2021

Anhand einer qualitativen Studie zu vergeschlechtlichter Subjektwerdung Jugendlicher zeigt der Beitrag auf, wie eine diskursorientierte und dekonstruktivistische Analyse mit dem Fokus auf Subjekt, Geschlecht und gesellschaftliche Machtverhältnisse methodisch erfolgen kann. Für die empirische Analyse vergeschlechtlichter Subjektivierung werden Gruppendiskussionen mit der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie (GTM) verbunden. Das Spezifikum von Gruppendiskussionen, das aufeinander bezogene Sprechen, steht hierbei in poststrukturalistischer Rahmung im Mittelpunkt und bietet einen fruchtbaren Ansatzpunkt für feministische Fragestellungen.
Glokalisierte Klassenräume? ‚Doing Ethics‘ als Bearbeitung von Ungewissheit
Authors: Engel Juliane , Göhlich Michael , Möller Elke , Stiftinger Sophia
Published: June 2021

Das Konzept der Glokalisierung fasst die Dynamik von lokalen und globalen Entwicklungen als steigende Komplexität von Relationierungsmöglichkeiten. Mit dieser einher geht eine (produktive) Verunsicherung nicht nur von Entscheidungsprozessen, sondern auch der Verbindlichkeit von Wertvorstellungen im Rahmen jugendlicher Identitätskonstruktionen. Anhand von Unterrichtsvideographien aus dem interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekt „Glokalisierte Lebenswelten“ nimmt der Beitrag die performative Praxis ethischer Aushandlungsprozesse als doing ethics zwischen (Schul-)Alltag und dem sogenannten ‚Welthandelsspiel‘ in den Fokus. Im Anschluss an kulturund bildungstheoretische Ansätze werden Klassenzimmer und Spiel als Ermöglichungsräume und zugleich Rahmung ‚glokalisierter‘ Aushandlungsprozesse konturiert. Dargestellt wird, wie spatiale (An-)Ordnungen und Platzierungen Handlungspotentialität, Subjektivierungspraktiken sowie Identitätsbildung von Schülerinnen und Schülern in (Unterrichts-)Alltag und Spiel bestimmen.
Ungewissheit als Dimension der Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik. Analyse einer ethnografischen Sequenz aus einer Internationalen Vorbereitungsklasse
Authors: Plöger Simone , Fürstenau Sara
Published: June 2021

Neu zugewanderte Schülerinnen und Schüler, die die deutsche Sprache erst lernen, bringen zahlreiche Sprachen mit in den Unterricht. Sowohl aus wissenschaftlicher als auch bildungspolitischer Perspektive wird gefordert, ihre Mehrsprachigkeit produktiv für das Lernen aufzugreifen. In der Mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktik wird in der Durchführung von Sprachvergleichen die Möglichkeit gesehen, den Unterricht für Mehrsprachigkeit zu öffnen. Dadurch sind Lehrpersonen herausgefordert, Sprachen in den Unterricht einzubeziehen, die sie selbst nicht verstehen und sprechen. Dies bedeutet für die Lehrpersonen, mit Ungewissheit im Allgemeinen und mit sprachlicher Unsicherheitim Besonderen umgehen zu müssen. Im Beitrag rekonstruieren wir eine ethnografische Sequenz aus dem Unterricht einer Internationalen Vorbereitungsklasse, in der ein Schüler ausgehend von einer Verständnisfrage einen Sprachvergleich initiiert. Wir analysieren, wie die Lehrperson diesen „fruchtbaren Moment“ (Copei 1930/1966) gestaltet und inwieweit sie gemeinsames Nachdenken über Sprachen ermöglicht, letztlich aber auch verschließt. Ausgehend davon zeigen wir auf, wie eine routinierte, mehrsprachigkeitsdidaktische Ausrichtung des Unterrichts die Ungewissheitstoleranz von Lehrpersonen erhöhen kann.
Indonesian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Task-Based Language Teaching Approach
Authors: Prianty Tanty , Ngadiso Ngadiso , Wijayanto Agus
Published: June 2021

Task-based language teaching is an approach applying tasks as a key point of pedagogical instruments. This study explores teachers’ perceptions of task-based language teaching in the secondary school context in Indonesia. Descriptive qualitative research design is used with data collected by using questionnaires. This study used purposive sampling to choose the sample. The findings showed that most of the junior and senior high school EFL teachers appeared to embrace positive attitudes towards practicing task-based language teaching, even though their knowledge of task-based language teaching is still low. All teachers in the study said they have implemented task-based language teaching in the classroom. All of them will continue to use TBLT. The implication of the study is to inspire other researchers to investigate task-based language teaching with greater confidence. The researcher hopes that this research will motivate curriculum designers and other researchers to explore more fully the views of those who are key to successful classroom implementation.
A Postmodern Reading of Don DeLillo’s Short Stories
Authors: Shahid Sameen , Khurram Arooba
Published: June 2021

The focus of this paper is to study how different techniques are incorporated in the postmodern fiction to present the multiplicity of meaning and subjectivity of the reality. For this purpose, the researcher has selected American novelist and short story writer Donald Richard DeLillo’s short stories “The Itch” and “Coming. Sun. Mon. Tues”. The researcher has analyzed the selected works using the theoretical frameworks provided by Fredric Jameson, Linda Hutcheon and Henri Bergson. The theoretical insights of the selected theorists help understand the subjective reality of the postmodernism. Textual analysis has been used as a method to study the selected fictional work. Postmodernism is critical of certain foundational conventions of philosophy, specifically, the Enlightenment thinking, as it symbolizes the pursuit of reason and logic. On the other hand, it focuses on the personalization and subjectivity in the construction of truth and worldviews. The rejection of objective reality gives way to multiple realities and subjectivity. American fiction, in the second half of the twentieth century, has been influenced by postmodernism to a great extent. The analyzed short stories provide a good postmodern reading since they cover a range of features that are relatable in the postmodern world.
Development of a system for adaptive control of the components of an intelligent educational environment
Authors: Deev M. V. , Gamidullaeva L. A. , Finogeev A. G. , Finogeev A. A.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the issues of creating software and tools for managing the processes of training specialists in an intellectual educational environment. The complex of tools is being developed as part of a hyper-converged computing ecosystem to support open personalized learning technologies and is designed to customize and adaptively update educational programs and content, taking into account the requirements of federal standards and regional labor markets. At the first stage, the tools solve the problems of searching, collecting, consolidating and intelligent analysis of requirements for specialists extracted from open sources on the Internet, such as sections with employers’ vacancies on the websites of enterprises, recruitment agencies, labor exchanges, message boards, forums, chats, groups of social networks and messengers. At the next stage, the process of adaptive adjustment and synchronization of educational programs is implemented, taking into account the consolidated information and predicted data on the required competencies in the short and medium term in a given region. Setting up the educational process in an open information environment occurs during the evolutionary transition to a convergent learning model, continuous updating of educational programs and content, personalization of training trajectories. The convergent model determines the convergence of educational programs and content for different specialties in accordance with the digitalization processes of all spheres of human life, which is reflected in the requirements for competencies in professional and educational standards, as well as on the part of employers. The processes of actualization and personalization make it possible to increase the efficiency and quality of training specialists by reducing the risks of obtaining a low-quality and morally obsolete education. The architecture of the adaptive management system of the educational environment includes the following components: a) Learning Management System (LMS), b) Education Content Management System (ECMS), c) Learning Activity Management System (LAMS), d) tools for searching, collecting and analyzing employers’ requirements, e) cloud storage of educational content.
Presence of Anisolepis longicauda (Boulenger, 1891) (Reptilia: Squamata: Leiosauridae) in the Guyra Reta Reserve Complex
Authors:   1 Guyra Paraguay, Parque Ecológico Capital Verde, Av. Carlos Bóveda, Viñas Cue, Asunción, Paraguay., Sforza Lorena , Cacciali Pier ,   Investigador Asociado, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay
Published: June 2021

Anisolepis longicauda es un iguanoideo neotropical de aspecto grácil, cola larga (de ahí el nombre de su epíteto específico) de coloración marrón claro con una estría vertebral muy característica (Etheridge y Williams 1991). Se diferencia de las otras dos especies del género (A. grilli y A. undulatus) por la ausencia del pliegue gular transversal antehumeral, y extremidad caudal más larga que las otras especies (Etheridge y Williams 1991). Es una especie de difícil hallazgo debido al mimetismo que presenta con el ambiente que frecuenta; sus hábitos poco conspicuos (Ávila et al. 2013) y su distribución geográfica restringida hacen que sus aspectos biológicos y ecológicos sean insuficientemente conocidos. Inicialmente, fue descrita en base a cuatro ejemplares procedentes de “Riacho del Oro” (actualmente Riacho de Oro), en la provincia argentina de Formosa (Boulenger 1891), y en la actualidad se lo conoce para las provincias argentinas de Chaco y Corrientes (Zaracho et al. 2014, Ávila et al. 2013, Waller 2009), además de Paraguay (Cacciali et al. 2016).
EXPERIENCES OF SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURE SHAFT OF HUMERUS IN ADULTS USING ENDER NAIL
Authors: Vidyarthi Amit Ranjan , Datta Alok Sobhan
Published: June 2021

Background: This study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics, I.P.G.M.E& R & SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, with the objective to achieve quick union and minimal soft tissue disruption, least neurovascular complications and good functional outcome. In this study, 30 patients were selected on random basis from those attending the Outpatient Department and Emergency Room, between January 2015 to August 2016, with humerus shaft fractures. Among these, 76% of the patients were in age group (<40 years) with age range 22-60 years with mean age 35 years .The male : female ratio was 6.7:1 . In our study majority (73%) of the patients have type AO 12A3 fracture .Mean duration of injury was 9.633 days. Mean duration of surgery in our study was 74.33 minutes, with range of 45-95 minutes, indicating a short operating time and minimum radiation exposure. During intraoperative period no complications and difficulties were experienced. The complications of our operative period were only 13%. Mean duration of follow up was 13.7 months with range from 9-18 months without any no loss at follow up. All fractures united. Mean duration of union was 17 weeks. In this study, 80%  patients had excellent grading, 17% have good grading and 3% had fair grading on the basis of MEPS and UCLA  score  combining shoulder and elbow functional outcome .In the present study, we dealt with the association of different parameters with respect to grading fracture pattern and type .This study showed that Ender’s nailing for closed humerus shaft fracture provided satisfactory clinical ,radiological, and functional outcome ,was minimally invasive ,had less infection rate and least neurovascular complications, thus promising a viable option for treatment of closed shaft humerus fracture.

Keywords: Closed fracture shaft Of humerus ; Adults, Minimally invasive , Ender’s Nail ; Fracture union.
The Effect of Different Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Protocols on Drug Craving and Cognitive Functions in Methamphetamine Addicts
Authors:   Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran., Rezvanian Samira , Saraei Mohammadamin ,   Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran., Mohajeri Hossein ,   Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran., Hassani-Abharian Peyman ,   Department of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Drug craving is a major problem in addiction treatment. Neuroimaging research has revealed various areas for drug craving, among which two key areas are the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) and the cerebellum. The DLPFC is involved in different cognitive tasks, such as inhibitory control over seductive options that promise an immediate reward. The cerebellum is related to cognition and memory and activated by drug-related cues. Therefore, we decided to study the effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on six different protocols in reducing drug craving and increasing cognitive functions in methamphetamine addicts. Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental, with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. Based on a simple sampling method, 15 male methamphetamine addicts were recruited from two rehabilitation centers in Tehran City, Iran. The participants were aged 18-65 years with a minimum of 12-month history of methamphetamine dependence. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the go/no-go task and the n-back task were administered before and after a single session of tDCS. The tDCS was applied on six protocols: 1) the right DLPFC anodal and the left DLPFC cathodal stimulation, 2) the right DLPFC cathodal and the left DLPFC anodal stimulation, 3) the right DLPFC anodal and the right arm cathodal stimulation, 4) the left DLPFC anodal and the left arm cathodal stimulation, 5) the right cerebellar hemisphere (O2) anodal and the left cerebellar hemisphere (O1) cathodal stimulation, and 6) the right cerebellar hemisphere (O2) cathodal and the left cerebellar hemisphere (O1) anodal stimulation. The data were analyzed by covariance method using SPSS software v. 22. Results: Study results indicated that while single-session tDCS effects on craving were not significant, it increased cognitive inhibition, especially in protocol 2: the right DLPFC cathodal and the left DLPFC anodal stimulation. Conclusion: Single-session tDCS affects craving insignificantly, but it can increase cognitive inhibition significantly. These findings support the results of previous studies on the effects of brain stimulation on reducing drug craving in other drug-type settings.
Ameliorating Effect of Standardized Extract From Textured Soy Protein (Glycine max L.) on Memory Deficit and Learning Insufficiency in Scopolamine-induced Amnesia
Authors:   Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Mandegary Ali , Sharififar Fariba ,   Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Sheibani Vahid ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Nasehi Naghmeh ,   Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Asadi Amir ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Mirtadzadini Mansour ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Hassanabadi Navid ,   School of Veterinary, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Textured soy protein (TSP) and nuts are two processed forms of soybean (Glycine max L.) that are widely consumed for nutritional purposes in Iran. Recently, we have reported the antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of raw soybean (RS) attributed to isoflavones, such as genistein. In this work, we aimed to compare in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of TSP, nuts, and RS to select the most effective one for learning capacity and spatial memory studies. Methods: Genistein content was determined using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), while diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to study antioxidant evaluation and Ellman’s colorimetric method was used to measure anticholinesterase. TSP extract (TSPE) was administered to male rats (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p] for 7 days) before scopolamine injection (1 mg/kg). Learning capacity and spatial memory were evaluated using passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) methods compared to physostigmine and piracetam. Results: The greatest antioxidant and anticholinesterase effect was observed for TSPE, which significantly prolonged initially latency in PTA (P<0.05) and improved all indicators in the MWM test at 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: The memory-improving effect of TSPE may be due to its antioxidant and anticholinesterase effect as well as neuroprotective effects of its isoflavones.
Role of the Orexinergic System Within the Ventral Tegmental Area in the Development of Sensitization to Morphine Induced by Lateral Hypothalamus Stimulation
Authors:   School of Dentistry, International Branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Haghparast Amir , Rashvand Mina ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The Lateral Hypothalamus (LH) has long been known to implicate the addictive behaviors of drug abuse. The Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) is a major area of the mesolimbic system that is strongly involved in developing morphine sensitization. The current study aimed to examine the role of intra-VTA orexin receptors in the LH stimulation-induced sensitization to the antinociceptive response of morphine. Methods: A total of 114 adult male Wistar rats underwent unilateral implantation of two separate cannulae in the LH and VTA using the stereotaxic apparatus. Intra-VTA administration of the Orexin-1 (OX1) and Orexin-2 (OX2) receptor antagonists, SB334867 and TCS OX2 29 (1, 3, and 10 nM/0.3 μL DMSO), respectively, was performed 5 min before concurrent microinjection of carbachol (250 nM/0.5 μL saline) into the LH and an ineffective dose of morphine (0.5 mg/kg; SC) during a 3-day sensitization period. After a 5-day free drug period, on the ninth day, for assessing the morphine sensitization, the nociceptive response was measured before and after morphine injection (1 mg/kg; SC) using the tail-flick test. Results: The results revealed that the concurrent administration of carbachol (250 nM) and an ineffective dose of morphine significantly induced morphine sensitization. Besides, the blockade of OX1 and OX2 receptors within the VTA before intra-LH carbachol injection attenuated morphine sensitization. Conclusion: These findings suggest that LH stimulation potentiates the sensitization to morphine antinociceptive responses via affecting orexin receptors located in the VTA. However, OX1 receptors contribute more than OX2 receptors in the VTA to morphine sensitization in rats.
Differential Aspects of Natural and Morphine Reward-related Behaviors in Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm
Authors:   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Jamali Shole , Aliyari Shoorehdeli Mahdi ,   Department of Mechatronics, School of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran., Daliri Mohammad Reza ,   School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Haghparast Abbas ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Natural rewards are essential for survival. However, drug-seeking behaviors can be maladaptive and endanger survival. The present study was conducted to enhance our understanding of how animals respond to food and morphine as natural and drug rewards, respectively, in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Methods: We designed a protocol to induce food CPP and compare it as a natural reward with morphine CPP in rats. The protocol for reward induction in both groups (foods and morphine) consisted of three phases: pre-test, conditioning, and post-test. In morphine groups, we injected morphine as a reward (5 mg/kg, SC). To induce natural reward, we used two different protocols. In the first one, the rats were deprived of food for 24 h. In the other method, the rats were restricted to food for 14 days. During the conditioning period, the animals received daily chow, biscuits, or popcorn as a reward inducer. Results: Results revealed that CPP was not induced in food-deprived rats. A combination of food restriction (as a facilitator) and a biscuit or popcorn-induced reward using CPP. In contrast, food deprivation did not facilitate food CPP in response to regular food. Interestingly the CPP score of the group which received biscuits during a 7-day conditioning period was more than that of the morphine group. Conclusion: In conclusion, food restriction could be a better protocol than food deprivation to facilitate food reward.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (Continuously Updated 2020) Func Disabil J 2020, 3(1): 111-122 | Back to browse issues page ‎ 10.32598/fdj.3.16 XML Print Download citation: BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks Send citation to: Mendeley Zotero RefWorks Parandnia A, Yassin M, Sarrafzadeh J, Salehi R, Navaei F. Comparison of the Effects of Dry Needling and High-Intensity Laser Therapy on Pain Intensity and Pain Pressure Threshold in Females With Active Trigger Points in Upper Trapezius Muscle: A Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Func Disabil J. 2020; 3 (1) :111-122 URL: http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.html Comparison of the Effects of Dry Needling and High-Intensity Laser Therapy on Pain Intensity and Pain Pressure Threshold in Females With Active Trigger Points in Upper Trapezius Muscle: A Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Rehabilitation Management, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Parandnia Azizeh , Yassin Marzieh ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sarrafzadeh Javad ,   Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Salehi Reza ,   Department of Rehabilitation Management, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Navaei Fereshte ,   Department of Rehabilitation Management, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Background & Objectives: Myofascial Trigger Point (MTrP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. The MTrP includes highly sensitive points within a taut band, is painful to palpation, and causes pain in a specific pattern. The MTrP is more prevalent in the upper trapezius muscle because this muscle plays an important role in maintaining the posture of the head and neck. This study aimed to compare the effects of dry needling and high-intensity laser therapy on the clinical signs of females with active trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. Methods: Thirty females with the active MTrP of the upper trapezius muscle were randomly assigned into two groups: high-intensity laser therapy group (n=15) and dry needling group (n=15); they received the interventions in five sessions for three weeks. The outcome measures included pain intensity and pain pressure threshold, which were assessed before and two days after the interventions. Results: In both study groups, the scores of the visual analogue scale of pain were significantly decreased, also, the pain pressure threshold was significantly increased (P=0.001), after the treatment. However, the two groups did not significantly differ in any of the outcome measures (P>0.05). Conclusion: Both high-intensity laser therapy and dry needling can be employed to treat the MTrP of the upper trapezius muscle. Considering the effectiveness of the two treatments, each of the methods can be alternatively selected for these patients.
Neuromuscular Problems in the Patients With COVID-19: A Review Study
Authors:   Physiotherapy Research Center, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran., Motaqi Monireh , Hatef Boshra ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Askari Ashtiani Ahmadreza ,   Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran., Ghanjal Ali ,   Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the betacoronavirus genus that primarily targets the human respiratory system and causes pneumonia-like symptoms. This article aims to review neuromuscular problems in patients with COVID-19 based on the available evidence and possible consequences. Methods: This narrative review study gathered the related and newest studies published (without time limitation) about the neurological impairment of the coronavirus. Results: The studies showed that the patients with COVID-19 show a variety of respiratory symptoms and neuromuscular and neurological symptoms. The neurological symptoms associated with the underlying disease include headache, dizziness, disturbance of consciousness, ataxia, manifestations of epilepsy, stroke, peripheral nerve injury (like hypoadomia, hyposemia, neuralgia). The findings of this review study also reveal that there are a variety of neuromuscular symptoms in the affected patients. Besides, some specific changes in these symptoms have occurred since the emergence of this epidemic. Conclusion: Neurologists should pay more attention to the possible signs of direct and indirect involvement of the nervous system and its lasting effects, which might have been ignored in the acute phase of the disease.
Paridad de poder adquisitivo entre Ecuador y Perú (periodo 2006- 2016)
Authors: Orbes Revelo Belky Nerea
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo analiza la paridad de poder adquisitivo (PPA) sistema mediante el cual se plantea que los tipos de cambio de todas las monedas a nivel mundial obtengan el mismo valor o “poder adquisitivo”, en un país tanto como en otro; para ello, los comerciantes poseen una ley establecida de la PPA para que sea igual en cada país y esta se cumpla; sin embargo, existen diferencias notables al momento de compararla entre naciones, por lo que no se puede obtener los mismos bienes y servicios en un Estado tanto como en otro, ya sea debido a su consumo, disponibilidad o calidad del mismo. Tal es el caso de Ecuador, que ha perdido su paridad de poder adquisitivo dentro del mismo, debido a los acontecimientos o circunstancias suscitados en el año 2000, como son la dolarización, la apreciación de la moneda, la caída del precio de petróleo en el año 2015. Considerando los puntos ya antes mencionados se logrará, mediante una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, para cumplir el desarrollo de los objetivos de dicha investigación, donde se ha recolectado y analizado datos relevantes como el índice del precio al consumidor, tipo de cambio, PIB de los dos países en estudio (Ecuador y Perú). Para posteriormente finalizar con las respectivas conclusiones que se enfocan a la dolarización; el crecimiento del PIB y la incertidumbre inflacionaria.
Competencias docentes específicas para profesores de programas de psicología
Authors: Rojas Zapata Andrés Felipe , Luna Hernández José Alberto , Hernández Arteaga Isabel
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo de resultados es producto de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo describir las competencias docentes específicas en el quehacer del profesor de programas de pregrado en psicología. Metodología: se empleó el paradigma cualitativo, la investigación etnográfica y una muestra de 13 docentes de dos universidades. Resultados: los profesores relacionan las competencias docentes específicas con las competencias docentes transversales y las competencias profesionales del psicólogo. Discusión: se establecen cuatro competencias docentes específicas, a saber, el desarrollo de la salud mental, el conocimiento de las múltiples ramas de la psicología, la adaptabilidad a contextos socioculturales y el reconocimiento de lo humano. Conclusiones: es un tema que no se ha estudiado; la indagación teórica, reflexión crítica y análisis de experiencias prácticas se necesitan para generar nuevos conocimientos que fortalezcan el ejercicio docente y los procesos de formación integral, según las necesidades educativas del psicólogo para en el siglo XXI.
Influencia del bocashi como complemento de la fertilización nitrogenada en el cultivo del maíz (zea mays)
Authors: Ávila Franco Albino , Vargas Guillén Pablo Israel , Mora Briones Nexar Alfredo
Published: June 2021

Este estudio se realizó para presentar una alternativa al aprovechamiento de los residuos orgánicos vegetales que existen en la zona (cantón Rocafuerte, provincia de Manabí) para producir bocashi, y utilizarlo como complemento en la producción de maíz como fertilizante al suelo y mejorar sus características agronómicas del cultivo, para lo cual se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones y cinco tratamientos : T1 Fertilización química NPK ,T2 fertilización química 75% NPK más bocashi ; T3 fertilización química 50% NPK más bocashi ; T4 fertilización química 25% NPK más bocashi y T5 bocashi. Las variables evaluadas en el presente estudio fueron: altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, altura de inserción de mazorca, número de mazorcas por planta, longitud y diámetro de mazorcas, número de hileras por mazorcas, peso 100 semillas, número de mazorcas/parcela y peso neto Kg/ha. Las que no presentaron diferencias estadísticas en las respuestas a los tratamientos; sin embargo, los tratamientos T4 fertilización química 25% más bocashi 10 TM y T2 fertilización química 75% más bocashi, 10 TM, mostraron los valores más altos en la variable peso neto, con 5738,93 Kg/ha y 5631,6 Kg /ha, respectivamente. Se espera que muchos adopten esta forma práctica de reducir la dependencia externa de fertilizantes químicos en época de austeridad económica
RO-VIBRATIONAL PARTITION FUNCTION AND MEAN THERMAL ENERGY OF THE IMPROVED WEI OSCILLATOR
Authors: Bitrus Bako M. , Nwabueze C. M. , Ojar J. U. , Eyube E. S.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the improved Wei oscillator has been used to model the experimental Rydberg-Klein-Rees data of the X2 Σg+ state of N2+ diatomic ions. Average absolute deviation from the dissociation energy of 0.3211% and mean absolute percentage deviation of 0.6107% were obtained. These results are quite satisfactory since they are within error requirement rate of less than 1% of the Lippincott’s criterion. Using an existing equation in the literature for bound state ro-vibrational energy, expressions for ro-vibrational partition function and mean thermal energy were derived for the improved Wei oscillator within the context of classical physics. The formulas obtained for ro-vibrational partition function and mean thermal energy were subsequently applied to the spectroscopic data of N2+ (X2 Σg+) diatomic ions. Studies have revealed that the partition function of the system decreases monotonically with decrease in temperature and increases with increase in upper bound vibrational quantum number. On the other hand, the mean thermal energies of the diatomic ions show an initial sharp decrease when the temperature is decreased and afterwards remains fairly stable as the temperature is further lowered. The results obtained in this work may find suitable applications in astrophysics were potential energy functions are required to model experimentally determined potential energy data with high precision. The work may also be useful in many other areas of physics which include: chemical physics, molecular physics, atomic physics and solid-state physics
EFFECT OF VEHICULAR EMMISSION ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND STOMATA OF SELECTED TREES ALONG ZARIA-KADUNA HIGHWAY
Authors: Hassan Usman , Upahi L. , Ibrahim M. B.
Published: June 2021

Biochemical and stomatal studies were conducted on selected trees along Zaria-Kaduna highway to determine their pollution tolerance level. The sites were chosen to emphasize exposure to vehicular emission pollution (VEP) and non-exposure to vehicular emission pollutants (NEP). Biochemical parameters analyzed where based on the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) which prioritizes four biochemical parameters, namely ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH and relative water content (RWC), for pollution tolerance. Ascorbic acid and RWC were higher in plants at the polluted site with Mangifera indica showing the highest increase of 1.2mg/g while total chlorophyll decreased most significantly in Ficus polita of about 4.1mg/g.   Results from stomata studies reveal a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in stomatal size and stomatal index for all the trees at the polluted sites. Stomata was generally found to significantly decrease in size or increase in density for plants at the polluted sites. Results computed for APTI show M. indica (24), Anarcardium occidentale (24.1), Eucalyptus cameldulensis (17.1) and Senna siamea (18.6) having the best APTI which indicate their possible tolerance to air pollution stress while Azadirachta indica (14.4),  Ficus polita (13), G. arborea (9.4), T. catapa (15.2), Parkia biglobosa (13.4), and Tamarindus  indica (9.9) were found to be sensitive. M. indica and A. occidentale had the best APTI indices which indicate that these plants could serve as sinks in absorbing air pollutants