bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomass production and nutritional quality of potato tuber as affected by blended fertilizer (NPSB), cattle manure, vermicompost and mineral NP in southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Zewide Isreal , Singh Sanjay , Kassa Henoc
Published: July 2021

Keeping in view the declining soil fertility and people’s nutritional issues, a research experiment on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was carried out in Belg (February to May) and Meher (June to October) seasons of 2020 at Abelo in Masha district, southwestern Ethiopia, to gauge the effects of blended mineral NPSB fertilizer, cattle manure (CM), vermicompost (VC) and mineral NP on growth, biomass and tuber nutritional quality. The fertilizer treatments consisted of 7.5 t CM ha-1 + 75 and 50% of recommended dose of NP fertilizers (RDF), 7.5 t VC ha-1 + 75, 50 and 25% of NP, 5 t VC ha-1 + 75% NP, 100 kg NPSB ha-1 + 61.5 kg P ha-1 + 146 kg N ha-1, 150 kg NPSB ha-1 + 53.7 kg P ha-1 + 138 kg N ha-1, 200 kg NPSB ha-1 + 46 kg P ha-1 + 128 kg N ha-1, 100% of NP (165 kg N ha-1 + 60 kg P ha-1) and one no-fertilizer treatment (control) making a total of 11 treatments. The effects of the treatments indicated that the application of 75% of NP and 7.5 t ha-1 vermicompost significantly increased the plant height, dry shoot and root yields, specific gravity, total soluble solids and starch. On the other hand, the highest crude protein content was recorded at the application of 200 kg NPSB ha-1 + 46 kg P ha-1 + 128 kg N ha-1. It was summarized that the use of 7.5 t VC ha-1 + 75% of NP (124 kg N ha-1, and 45 kg P ha-1) increased the biomass and improved the quality of potato fetching high economic return over the sole application of either 200% mineral NPSB ha-1 or 150% mineral NPSB ha-1 or 100% NP or no-application of fertilizer in the study area. In the light of present findings, there is a need to extend these studies using multiple combination ratios of NPSB fertilizer with vermicompost and cattle manure on different soils of varied agro-climatic zones to come up with conclusive recommendations.
Synthetic seeds and their role in agriculture: status and progress in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mangena Phetole
Published: July 2021

Dicot seeds are commonly characterised by the rapid loss of moisture, vigour and longevity that cause adverse physiological and biochemical effects. Such changes reduce seed viability, germinability and seedling vigour in most agronomic legume crops. Thus, this paper evaluates the potential role of synthetic seed production as an avenue to achieve genetic variability, avert recalcitrance and fleet seed viability challenges experienced in recalcitrant legume species. Synthetic seeds, also known as synseeds or artificial seeds produced via somatic embryogenesis are crucial for the successful establishment of plants, and serve as an important determinant of plant productivity, especially for crops such as soybean. The potential use of synseeds could serve a fundamental role in ensuring cheap and rapid supply of new genetic resources and seed propagules for both breeders and farmers. This approach will ultimately maximise crop yield and offer a tremendous potential for micropropagation and germplasm preservation of recalcitrant species in sub-Saharan Africa. This review reports on a variety of applications and benefits of plant biotechnology in the African context and highlights important advantages such as genetic uniformity, simplified handling, storage, efficient distribution etc. that could be of immeasurable benefit to the seed value chain in agriculture, particularly for rural communities in these developing countries.
Patriotka wielu ojczyzn, mediatorka, translaborantka. O Julii Dickstein-Wieleżyńskiej i jej życiu z przekładem
Authors: Kłos Anita , Wilczak Mariola
Published: July 2021

Julia Dickstein-Wieleżyńska (1881–1943) – historyczka literatury i filozofii, poetka, publicystka, działaczka społeczna i edukacyjna, a także tłumaczka literatury piękneji naukowej z wielu języków – jest postacią wciąż niedostatecznie docenioną w badaniach literackich. Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na działalności Dicksteinówny jako mediatorki transkulturowej i tłumaczki oraz na umiejscowieniu przekładu na tle jej rozlicznych zainteresowań i dokonań. Niepublikowana korespondencja tłumaczki z Raffaelem Pettazzonim (1883–1959), antropologiem i historykiem religii, pozwala na zobaczenie jej aktywności przekładowej w perspektywie osobistej i socjologicznej, poprzez pryzmat sprawczości i współpracy (translaboration; Alfer 2017) różnych agentów translatorskiego procesu. Ukazuje też ograniczenia, jakie napotykała intelektualistka w świecie literackim i naukowym pierwszej połowy XX wieku.
„Irlandia Północna – stąd pochodzę”: Glenn Patterson, powieściopisarz i obywatel w pogoni za „nieplemienną” tożsamością
Authors: Bartnik Ryszard
Published: July 2021

Northern Ireland’s socio-political milieu over recent decades “pressured” its residents to affiliate with one of the two strongly antagonizing identities. In 1998, the Good Friday Agreement was signed to terminate the conflict between the Catholic/ Nationalist and Protestant/Unionist side. The primary aim of that settlement was to establish a solid collective framework for securing mutual coexistence, but more importantly it endorsed the idea of a regional (reformed) identity to be shared by both communities. And inasmuch as the aforementioned societal consensus has been institutionalized, even if only on the very rudimentary level, then bidding farewell to political/religious (almost sectarian) sympathies has turned to be far more difficult. Glenn Patterson stands among those home-grown writers who have been struggling with the burden of such troublesome identity formations. Therefore, the paper’s main focus is to explore the setbacks Patterson and the like face when trying to acknowledge a distinctly new character of Northern Irishness. In doing so, he highlights that the sine qua non of any potential success consists in deconstructing/defying the deep-seated divisions of the Troubles. Mindful of the journal’s thematic frame of a timely consideration of the “Recovered Territories,” I intend to depict Patterson as an individual/author/citizen whose artistic endeavor has been constantly gravitating towards reclaiming the ground for [re]building he Northern Irish identity, and replacing the well-known (Catholic-Protestant/ Irish-British) dichotomies. Drawing upon two collections of Patterson’s non-fiction accounts, Lapsed Protestant from 2006 and Here’s Me Here from 2016, my article concentrates upon both the hopes and obstacles manifested during the post-Troubles context of an attempted tropism towards a more neutral/non-politicized Northern Irish identification, in hopes that the similar dynamics may also shed light upon the Polish context.
Konstelacja Janion
Authors: Kuziak Michał
Published: July 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest drodze twórczej Marii Janion – konstruowanemu przez nią integralnemu projektowi naukowemu, kulturowemu i egzystencjalnemu.
Młodzieńcze intermedia Aleksandra Wata (Anatola Sterna i Henryka Berlewiego)
Authors: Pietrych Krystyna
Published: July 2021

Artykuł omawia trzy awangardowe dokonania Aleksandra Wata o charakterze wizualno-językowym, realizowane razem z Anatolem Sternem i Henrykiem Berlewim. Interpretacja w transmedialnej perspektywie ujawnia ich heterogeniczny charakter łączący różne kody – ikoniczny i werbalny. Rozpatrywane powyżej realizacje wykorzystują niezwykły układ drukarski, posługują się liternictwem różnego kroju, różnej wielkości i różnego koloru, zróżnicowaną grafią, co w konsekwencji burzy linearność płaszczyzny przekazu, proponując w to miejsce ekspresywność i dynamikę, wymagające od odbiorcy większej kreatywności i innowacyjności w odczytywaniu znaczeń. Zastosowana typografia nie jest w prezentowanych dziełach jedynie wizualnym dodatkiem do treści komunikatu, lecz aktywnie go modyfikuje i współtworzy.
Predators of the giant pine scale, Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius 1883; Hemiptera: Marchalinidae), out of its natural range in Turkey
Authors: Oğuzoğlu Şükran , Avcı Mustafa , İpekdal Kahraman
Published: July 2021

Marchalina hellenica is a sap sucking scale insect endemic to the Aegean basin and it has been introduced to several regions in Greece and Turkey to increase pine honey production. It is also considered as a pest since heavy infestation may leave the host trees vulnerable to secondary pests. An understanding of its natural predators would facilitate planning biocontrol programs. Although there are several studies reporting the predators of M. hellenica in its native range, there is no study identifying those in its introduced range. We aimed to determine predators of M. hellenica in Burdur, one of its introduced sites in Turkey. We carried out sampling through regular visits in an M. hellenica-infested locality nearby Burdur Lake. Through field and laboratory observations, we identified 19 species predating upon M. hellenica. Comparing predators reported in previous studies in its native range and those we found in the present study showed that 12 of the species that we found are new reports for the species predating upon M. hellenica. The highest number of predator individuals belonged to the monophagous Neoleucopis kartliana. Myrrha octodecimguttata, Chilocorus bipustulatus and Harmonia quadripunctata were also the most frequently observed predators.
The role of chondroitin sulfate to bone healing indicators and compressive strength
Authors: Wibowo Herry , Widiyanti Prihartini , Asmiragani Syaifullah
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The function of bone is to protect the vital organs of the body. Mechanical strength, especially compressive strength, plays an important role in fulfilling its function. Fracture healing depends on several substances, such as collagen, glucosaminoglycane and proteoglycan. Chondroitin sulfate as part of proteoglycane is an important component in the formation of callus in fracture healing. The aim of this study is to prove chondroitin sulfate role in supporting fracture healing.

Methods

The in vivo experiment has been performed to Rattus novergicus which met the inclusion criteria (age 3 months, 200–300 g weight), 18 males of R. norvegicus, Wistar strain, were divided into three equal groups of six rats each. After being anesthetized, fracturation was performed in a sterile manner to get simple fracture. The area of dissection is in half length of tibial bone and the fracture incision is about 1 cm. Then it followed by immobilization of the lower leg bone on one side with a cast. The first group was given chondroitin sulfate 7 mg in 2 mL distilled water/200 g weight for 2 weeks. The second group was given chondroitin sulfate 7 mg in 2 mL distilled water/200 g weight for 4 weeks. The third group was given distilled water. This research was focused on treatment of cartilage. The callus position is in half length of tibial bone.

Results

There were significant differences in the increase of TGF-β, the number of osteoblasts and callus compressive strength in the groups with chondroitin sulfate treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, compared to the control group (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Administering chondroitin sulfate in a dose of 7 mg in 2 mL distilled water for 2 and 4 weeks may increase production of TGF-β, the osteoblast numbers and the callus compressive strength in fracture healing.
The effect of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation time on its activity against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Nurrosyidah Iif Hanifa , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Isnaeni
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of fermentation techniques on the inhibitory activity of red passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) fermentation filtrate in De Man Rogosa Sharpe-broth (MRS-B) media against Extended Strain Methicillin-Resistant (ESBL) Escherichia coli and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Methods

The fruit pulp was wrapped in banana leaves before compared to direct fermentation processes. This study was divided into three treatment groups. Group 1 was the fruit pulp (5 g) fermented in 45 mL of MRS-B medium for 24 h. Group 2 was the fruit pulp wrapped in banana leaves for 3 days before fermented in MRS-B for 24 h. Group 3 was the fruit pulp wrapped in banana leaves for 3 days before fermentation in MRS-B for 48 h. Fermentation broth of each condition was taken and then filtered using millipore (0.2 µm). As many as 50 µL of filtrates was tested for its inhibitory activity against E. coli ESBL and MRSA using the Kirby Bauer method.

Results

Group 2 showed the best antibacterial activity against E. coli ESBL and MRSA with the average zone of inhibition of 38.3 and 37.6 mm respectively. These values were higher than the first and group 3s activities.

Conclusions

The inhibitory activity of group 1s against ESBL and MRSA is categorized as a moderate potency with a diameter of growth inhibition zone of 16–20 mm, whereas the other groups are categorized as strong potency with a diameter higher than 20 mm.
The impact of suitability of empirical antibiotics use on therapeutic outcome of respiratory tract infection patients at inpatient wards of Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital
Authors: Kurniawati Fivy , Munif Yasin Nanang , Azizah Safina Nur , Purbaningtyas Silvia Ayu
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Currently, respiratory infection is regarded as one of the most common infectious diseases. This study aims to find out the impact of appropriate use of empirical antibiotic on therapeutic outcomes of patients with respiratory infections at inpatient wards of UGM Academic Hospital.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study that uses retrospective data through patient medical records. The population was all patients who received empirical antibiotic therapy for respiratory infections at inpatient ward from July 2018 to July 2019. The sample was collected using the purposive sampling method, and the total number of samples was 192. The appropriate use of empirical antibiotic including the correct type, dosage, route, duration, and frequency was evaluated according to the Antibiotic Guidelines of UGM Academic Hospital 2018, Drug Information Handbook, Frank Shann Drug Doses, Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2016 & 2019, Pharmacotherapy Handbook 2015, and Pharmaceutical Care for Respiratory Tract Infections 2005. The data was analyzed descriptively by using Chi-square bivariate analysis.

Results

The result shows that 47.9% of 192 patients have received antibiotics properly according to the type, route, dose, frequency, and duration. The results of empirical antibiotic therapy have improved the repair of vital signs in 37.5% of patients. Meanwhile, the result of Chi-square bivariate analysis between the suitability of empirical antibiotic use and the improvement of therapeutic outcome is p=0.478 (p>0.05), which means that it is not statically significant.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that there is no correlation between the suitability of empirical antibiotics use and the improvement of the therapy outcomes. Thus, the use of empirical antibiotics based on the guidelines does not always have an impact on the improvement of the treatment outcomes of the patients with respiratory infection at inpatient wards of UGM Academic Hospital.
Analysis of the use of antibiotics profile and factors of surgical site infections study on digestive and oncology surgeries
Authors: Narulita Lisa , Suharjono  , Kuntaman  , Akram Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The incision method operation with a high risk of infection in a clean and clean-contaminated operation requires the use of prophylactic antibiotics to minimize the risk of infection. This study was designed to analyze the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with digestive and oncology surgeries.

Methods

The statistical method used was chi-square to determine the risk factors for infection at surgical site infections (SSI) in patients with digestive and oncology surgeries. This study had received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Hospital, Pamekasan.

Results

There were 67 patients consisted of 48 digestive surgeries (71.6%) and 19 oncology surgeries (28.4%). The criteria of observation on day 30 showed that as 1 (1.5%) SSI patient experienced purulence, inflammation, and erythema around the surgical wound so an analysis of p>0.05 was carried out so that there was no association with the incidence of SSI during hospitalization, but other factors originating from the patient, such as a lack of personal hygiene at home and lack of nutritious food intake was measured in temperature, pulse, respiration, and white blood cells examination before surgery and 24 h after surgery, all within normal ranges. The qualitative analysis of prophylactic antibiotics using the Gyssen method showed that 31 (46.3%) rationales needed an improvement process.

Conclusions

The widely used prophylactic antibiotics, namely cefazolin and cefuroxime are recommended antibiotics used in incision surgery and rationale used.
Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, the isolated compounds of Phyllanthus niruri inhibit protein receptor of corona virus (COVID-19) through in silico approach
Authors: Marhaeny Honey Dzikri , Widyawaruyanti Aty , Widiandani Tri , Fuad Hafid Achmad , Wahyuni Tutik Sri
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Phyllanthus niruri has been known as an immunomodulator and also reported to possess an antiviral activity against several RNA viruses, such as hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus by inhibiting viral entry and replication. Since the current situation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which infected among the world and caused severe disease and high morbidity, it urgently needed to find new agents against COVID-19. Therefore, in silico screening against COVID-19 receptors is carried out as an initial stage of drug discovery by evaluating the activity of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, an isolated from Phyllanthus niruri, in inhibiting spike glycoprotein (6LZG) and main protease (5R7Y) which play as target receptors of COVID-19.

Methods

Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 used to determine the best binding energy through the rerank score which shows the total energy bonds calculation.

Results

Phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin demonstrated to possess greater binding affinity toward the COVID-19 inhibition sites than their native ligand. The rerank score of phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are lower than the native ligands 6LZG and 5R7Y. This result indicated that phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin have a stronger interaction than the native ligands both in spike glycoprotein (entry inhibitor) and main protease (translation and replication inhibitor).

Conclusions

In conclusion, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin are predicted to have strong activity against COVID-19 through inhibiting spike glycoprotein and main protease under in silico study. Further research is needed to support the development of P. niruri as inhibitor agents of COVID-19 through bioassay studies.
Antioxidant and antiviral potency of Begonia medicinalis fractions
Authors: Zubair Muhammad Sulaiman , Khairunisa Siti Qamariyah , Sulastri Evi , Ihwan  , Widodo Agustinus , Nasronudin  , Pitopang Ramadanil
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antiviral potency of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and, water fractions of Begonia medicinalis Ardi & D.C.Thomas as well as to identify the chemical constituents.

Methods

Assays for antioxidant and antiviral activity (HIV-1) were carried out on MT-4 cells infected with HIV using the DPPH method and the determination of the cytopathic effect. Meanwhile, GC-MS was used to identify the chemical compounds.

Results

The determination of antioxidants showed that all fractions possessed potent activity with the IC50 ranging from 2.61 to 8.26 μg/mL. From the antiviral activity of MT-4 cells infected by HIV, the n-hexane fraction of B. medicinalis showed the most potency with the IC50 of 0.04 ± 0.05 μg/mL. It has less cytotoxicity (11.08 ± 4.60 μg/mL) affording the high selectivity index of 238.80. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of n-hexane fraction found the major compound of carboxylic acid derivate with the area percentage of 76.4% and the presence of phenolic compounds (8.38%). Meanwhile, in water fraction, terpenoids were found in a higher concentration (10.05%) than others.

Conclusions

Therefore, this study supports the application of B. medicinalis as a herbal medicine for antioxidant and antiviral.
Endophytic fungi inhabiting Physalis angulata L. plant: diversity, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of their ethyl acetate extracts
Authors: Palupi Kartika Dyah , Ilyas Muhammad , Agusta Andria
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Endophytic fungi are an essential source of biologically active compounds. They have the ability to synthesize secondary metabolites which are the same or have a high degree of similarity to their host plants. In this study, we aimed to explore the biodiversity and the bioactivities of active metabolites produced by 14 endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Physalis angulata L. (PA).

Methods

Fourteen endophytic fungi were isolated from the flowers, stems, leaves, and fruit husks of PA. The endophytic fungi were cultured and incubated in the PDB medium at room temperature. After three weeks, the cultures were extracted using ethyl acetate and dried using a rotary evaporator. The antioxidant activity was evaluated against DPPH while antibacterial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using microdilution technique. TLC analysis was also done to profile the active compounds within the extract.

Results

Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower of PA exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity with an antioxidant index value of 0.59 (IC50 = 52.43 μg/mL). Six isolates have strong antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranging from 8–64 μg/mL. These endophytic fungi are one Hyphomycetes fungus isolated from the flower, one Fusarium sp. isolated from the stem, and four Colletotrichum sp. isolated from leaf and fruit husk of PA.

Conclusions

Endophytic fungi isolated from PA are potential novel sources of active metabolites especially for antibacterial compounds.
The effect of chitosan type and drug-chitosan ratio on physical characteristics and release profile of ketoprofen microparticles prepared by spray drying
Authors: Rijal Muhammad A. S. , Masitah Hanah , Purvitasari Fanny , Sari Retno
Published: July 2021

Objectives

In order to minimize gastrointestinal irritation and to extend the absorption of ketoprofen, microparticles prepared with chitosan have been developed. In this study, chitosan type and drug-chitosan ratio were investigated to prepare microparticles of ketoprofen and evaluated for physical characteristics and drug release profiles.

Methods

Microparticles were prepared by using ionic gelation methods with chitosan, which has two different viscosities i.e., 19 and 50 cPs, cross-linked with tripolyphosphate, and dried by spray drying method. The microparticles were made with a drug-chitosan ratio of 5:15 and 6:15.

Results

The results showed that the microparticles had spherical shapes. Increasing the amount of ketoprofen improved the drug content and entrapment efficiency. Evaluation of drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8) showed that the microparticles prepared with chitosan 19 cPs had the slowest release rate than those of chitosan 50 cPs, while that of the microparticles prepared with chitosan 50 cPs with the ratio of drug/polymer 6:15 was the fastest, as shown by its slope value. The release rate of microparticles with chitosan 19 cPs was slower than those microparticles with chitosan 50 cPs.

Conclusions

It could be suggested that by increasing the amount of ketoprofen, it improved the entrapment efficiency and the release rate of microparticles.
Exploration of several plants from Baung Forest on bone formation cell models
Authors: Widyowati Retno , Purwitasari Neny , Oktarina Rice Disi , Ekasari Wiwied , Khairunnisa Saarah , Chang Hsin-I.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Osteoporosis is an ailment described by a skeletal degradation of bone skeletal dominating to increases the chance of fracture. In order to find out the bone formation agents from Baung Forest plants, this research analyzed the effects of 96% ethanol extract of several plants from Baung Forest on antioxidant activity and the effect of osteoblast differentiation-related to the bone formation on the most potent extract.

Methods

The antioxidant effect and osteoblast differentiation of 96% ethanol extracts were evaluated by measuring DPPH scavenging and alkaline phosphatase in p-nitrophenyl phosphate effects by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader method, respectively.

Results

The 96% ethanol extract of Elaeocarpus serratus L. from Baung Forest had the strongest DPPH radical scavenging as anti oxidant (82.17%) and stimulated osteoblast differentiation (116%). Then, this extract had been fractionated based on polarity to become hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous fractions. All the fractions stimulated their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity to 138.11 ± 9.72%, 108 ± 5.05%, 148.56 ± 8.47, and 144.58 ± 1.04, respectively.

Conclusions

The extract and fractions of E. serratus L. can successfully inhibit DPPH radical scavenging value and increase ALP activities as markers of osteoblast functions.
Social media health interventions to improve diabetes mellitus patient outcome: a systematic review
Authors: Alfian Riza , Athiyah Umi , Nita Yunita
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The use of modern technology and social media has revolutionized the way health information is distributed to diabetes mellitus patients. Social media can be used as a medium of providing health interventions to improve patient health outcomes. Social media is able to provide a more intensive communication facility between healthcare professionals and patients. We aim to systematically review and describe the effect of social media interventions on health outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods

A systematic review was carried out from three electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Medline). Eligible publications are studies that describe the application of social media interventions on the health outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Results

Fourteen studies were selected for this systematic review, 10 studies with a randomized controlled trial design, and 4 studies with a nonrandomized controlled trial design. Six studies only used interventions using social media, A blend of face-to-face social media intervention was used in 6 studies, 2 studies used a combination of telephone and social media intervention. One study had treatment behavior outcomes with improvement in treatment behavior, 6 studies had clinical outcomes (an improvement in HbA1c values in the four studies), 6 studies had treatment behavior outcomes and clinical outcomes (1 study had improved treatment behavior and clinical outcomes, 3 studies had improved treatment behavior outcome only), and 1 study had medication adherence outcome (no improvement in medication adherence).

Conclusions

These findings indicate that the intervention using social media can improve the health outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients.
The thermodynamic study of p-methoxycinnamic acid inclusion complex formation, using β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Isadiartuti Dewi , Rosita Noorma , Ekowati Juni , Syahrani Achmad , Ariyani Toetik , Rifqi M. Ainur
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Cyclodextrin’s ability to form an inclusion complex with a guest molecule is a function of two factors. The first is steric and depends on the relative size of cyclodextrin cavity to the guest molecule, while the second is the thermodynamic interaction between the different system components. This study therefore aims to determine the effect of β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as complex formers, on thermodynamic parameter values (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) in the formation of inclusion complex with p-methoxycinnamic acid (pMCA).

Methods

The pMCA complex formation with β-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was determined in 0.02 pH 4.0 M acetate buffer and 0.02 M pH 7.0 phosphate buffer, with a 0.2 µ value at 32, 37, and 42 ± 0.5 °C. This experiment was carried out in a waterbath shaker until a saturated solution was obtained. Subsequently, pMCA concentration was determined using UV spectrophotometer at the maximum pMCA wavelength, at each pH.

Results

The result showed pMCA formed inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and exhibited increased solubility with increase in β-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration. This temperature rise led to a decrease in the complex’s constant stability (K). Furthermore, the interaction showed a negative enthalpy (∆H<0) and is a spontaneous processes (∆G<0). At pH 4.0, an increase in the system’s entropy occurred (∆S>0), however, at pH 7.0, the system’s entropy decreased (∆S<0).

Conclusions

The rise in pMCA solubility with increase in cyclodextrin solution concentration indicates an inclusion complex has been formed, and is supported by thermodynamic data.
The treatment and clinical follow-up outcome in Iranian patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency
Authors: Khani Soghra , Barzegari Mina , Esmaeilizadeh Zahra , Farsian Pantea , Alaei Mohammadreza , Salehpour Shadab , Setoodeh Aria , Rohani Farzaneh , Samavat Ashraf , Zekri Ali , Mirzazadeh Roghieh , Sadeghi Sedigheh , Khatami Shohreh
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical factors, genetic mutations, outcome of treatment, and clinical follow-up data of Iranian patients with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency from April/2016 to March/2020.

Methods

Forty-seven BH4 deficiency patients were included in the study and underwent biochemical and genetic analyses. The clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated after long-term treatment.

Results

Out of the 47 (25 females and 22 males) BH4 deficiency patients enrolled in the study, 23 were Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficient patients, 23 were 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) deficient patients, and one was GTP-Cyclohydrolase 1 deficiency (GTPCH-1) patient. No clinical symptoms were observed in 10 of the DHPR deficient patients (before and after the treatment). Also, most patients diagnosed at an early age had a proper response to the treatment. However, drug therapy did not improve clinical symptoms in three of the patients diagnosed at the age of over 10 years. Also, 16 PTPS deficiency patients who were detected within 6 months and received treatment no clinical symptoms were presented. One of the patients was detected with GTPCH deficiency. Despite being treated with BH4, this patient suffered from a seizure, movement disorder, mental retardation, speech difficulty, and hypotonia.

Conclusions

The study results showed that neonatal screening should be carried out in all patients with hyperphenylalaninemia because early diagnosis and treatment can reduce symptoms and prevent neurological impairments. Although the BH4 deficiency outcomes are highly variable, early diagnosis and treatment in the first months of life are crucial for good outcomes.
How genomics is changing the practice of prenatal testing
Authors: Filges Isabel , Miny Peter , Holzgreve Wolfgang , Tercanli Sevgi
Published: July 2021

New genomic laboratory technology namely microarrays and high throughput sequencing (HTS) as well as a steady progress in sonographic image capture and processing have changed the practice of prenatal diagnosis during the last decade fundamentally. Pregnancies at high risk for common trisomies are reliably identified by non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and expert sonography has greatly improved the assessment of the fetal phenotype. Preconceptional comprehensive carrier screening using HTS is available for all parents, if they should wish to do so. A definite fetal diagnosis, however, will still require invasive testing for most conditions. Chromosomal microarrays (CMA) have greatly enhanced the resolution in the detection of chromosome anomalies and other causal copy number variations (CNV). Gene panel or whole exome sequencing (WES) is becoming the routine follow up of many anomalies detected by ultrasound after CNVs have been excluded. The benefits and limitations of the various screening as well as diagnostic options are perceived as complex by many who find it challenging to cope with the need for immediate choices. The communication of facts to ensure an informed decision making is obviously a growing challenge with the advent of the new genomic testing options. This contribution provides an overview of the current practice and policies in Switzerland.
X-ray Diffraction-Based Quantification of Amorphous Phase in Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Reddy K. Chiranjeevi , Subramaniam Kolluru V. L.
Published: July 2021

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) signature of the glassy phase in blast furnace slag undergoing alkaline dissolution is evaluated. The intensity signature of the glassy phase present in slag can consistently be decomposed into three underlying pseudo-Voigt (PV) peaks. It is shown that the fundamental underlying characteristics of the XRD signature of the undissolved glassy phase of slag in terms of the underlying PV peaks do not change after dissolution in an alkaline solution. The stability of the calcium ions depends on the [OH−] concentration in the solution. An intensity-based procedure is developed for quantifying the unreacted glassy phase content in alkali-activated slag. The XRD profile information of the glassy phase in raw slag is suitable for fitting the intensity profile of the dissolved glassy phase. The mass percentage of the unreacted glassy phase of slag within alkali-activated slag is validated with selective acid dissolution. A procedure for determining the degree of reaction in alkali-activated slag is established. The procedure developed here could be used to determine the activity of slag in an alkaline environment.
ALIÇ: BİYOAKTİF BİLEŞENLERİN TERMOSONİKASYON İLE EKSTRAKSİYONU VE FİZİKO-KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: GÜZEL Nihal
Published: July 2021

Meyvelerin fizikokimyasal özellikleri üzerine genotip farklılıklarının yanısıra yetişdiği bölgeye göre değişen iklim ve toprak koşulları da önemli derecede etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Çorum yöresinde doğal olarak yetişen 7 alıç örneğinin bazı morfometrik özellikleri (en: 14.5-20.2 mm, boy: 15.6-25.2 mm, meyve ağırlığı: 2.1-8.0 g, meyve eti:çekirdek oranı: 3.3-7.9, CIE renk değerleri (L*: 48.2-74.6, a*: 7.5-44.9 ve b*:30.3-59.5) ile pH (3.6-4.0), toplam asitlik (%0.9-1.7), kuru madde (%20.8-27.9), suda çözünür kuru madde miktarları (12.6-17.7°Bx) gibi fizikokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Alıç örneklerinin toplam fenolik madde (155.2-490.3 mg GAE/100 g), toplam flavonoid (78.7-272.6 mg CE/100 g), proantosiyanidin miktarları (64.2-132.3 mg CE/100 g) ve antioksidan kapasiteleri (14.6-44.9 µmol TEAC/g) termosonikasyon ile ekstrakte edildikten sonra spektrofotometrik olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırılan özellikler açısından önemli bir kaynak olduğu belirlenen alıçların, organik üretim pazarına sunulması, gıda katkısı veya galenik olarak değerlendirilmesinin ülke ekonomisine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca elde edilen verilerin genetik çeşitliliğin korunması açısından da önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
“It’s actually a good diagnosis”
Authors: Johnson Wesley
Published: July 2021

In this article, I offer an autoethnographic examination of unexplained infertility. The narrative is driven by a central question: how does unexplained infertility mean in my life? By exploring the how of unexplained infertility, narrative inquiry emphasizes the long-term impacts of a persistent diagnosis. As an unstable diagnosis, unexplained infertility presents a complicated site from which to consider family planning and gender work. Narrative vignettes occurring over a period of years explore identity. These experiences highlight moments of conflict and upheaval where the abstract diagnosis derails heteronormative and cisgendered constructions of fatherhood and masculinity. This infertility account disrupts codes of silence around experiencing infertility.
Playing Chess
Authors: Gloviczki Peter Joseph
Published: July 2021

In this autoethnography, I layer a childhood memory of playing chess onto the experience of watching a video about chess. In doing so, I hope to bridge past and present to build future.
Cryptocurrencies as a generic object of crime in polish criminal law
Authors:   University of Bialystok, Poland, Omeljaniuk Justyna
Published: July 2021

The presented study is devoted to the possibility of recognizing cryptocurrencies as the object of an offense under Polish criminal law. The Author of the study firstly explained what the object of the crime is under Polish criminal law. Then - focused on the issues of defining cryptocurrencies in the criminal law doctrine, as well as in legal acts that apply to the issue of virtual currency. The study also contains considerations regarding the possibility of including crypto-currencies in the generic object of crimes penalized in particular chapters of the Polish Penal Code of 1997. The aim of the study is not to identify specific crimes whose cryptocurrencies may be the subject, but to show the issues related to determining what cryptocurrencies are and with which types of crimes they may be related to, as well as emphasizing the problem of the lack of definition of cryptocurrencies in Polish criminal law and the consequences of this lack for the possibility of proper application of the provisions with regard to cryptocurrencies. Several solutions to the abovementioned problems have also been proposed.
Effective development process of the state financial control in Russia
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia, Chernikova Elena , Prokoshin Maxim ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia
Published: July 2021

The subject of the research is the development process of the state financial control in Russia. The research methodology consisted of a legalistic, analytical methods and a systematic approach.
Cyclopædia Ephraima Chambersa – kompas sztuk i nauk
Authors:   Wydział Polonistyki, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wróbel Łukasz
Published: July 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze the geographical metaphors used in Ephraim Chambers’ Cyclopædia (1728). The English cyclopaedist combined the geographical and colonial rhetorical figures with the systematic divisions of knowledge and science. Cyclopædia, which is the modern 18th-century encyclopaedia rooted in the spirit of British empiricism, does not only collect the existing knowledge but also aims to reach out to what is yet unknown, unrecognized. Thus, the parts of the world which are unknown and unchartered become validated as internal territories of the encyclopaedic space.
The pragmatics of promotional features and discourse strategies in postgraduate school prospectus in Nigeria
Authors:   Anchor University, Oke Felix Bayode , Olajimbiti Ezekiel Opeyemi ,   Federal University Lokoja
Published: July 2021

This paper extends the frontier of research in the marketisation of higher education institution by investigating the pragmatics of promotional features and discourse strategies in the postgraduate school prospectus. The data for the study is the University of Ibadan postgraduate school prospectus (2015 edition) downloaded from the university website (http://www.postgraduateschool.ui.edu.ng). Insights were drawn from Bhatia’s genre analysis, an aspect of Hallidayian’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, for the analysis. The theory accounts for promotional features, linguistic features and discourse strategies in the discourse. Four promotional features: offer, commodification, incentives and clients were marked off by modality, epistemic and deontic linguistic features while strategies of self-promotion, implication, promotional tact and evocation to considerateness are tactfully employed to project the superiority ideology to the prospective students. The study concludes that the academia is no longer solely informative but promotionally oriented.
Subversion of gender stereotypes in Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret
Authors:   Kocaeli Univesity, Turkey, Öztekin Sercan
Published: July 2021

Victorian sensation fiction strives to go beyond its time through issues and characters that do not conform to nineteenth century social norms. The novels of this genre depict the sensational lives with deceits and crimes which shocked the readers of their time, and they increase the reader’s tension with sensational narratives including untraditional matters and portrayals. Along with scandalous and criminal subjects, these works sometimes offer unconventional depictions of femininity and masculinity in the Victorian Age. Accordingly, this paper discusses Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White (1860) and Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) focusing on male and female characters challenging traditional gender stereotypes. It examines how these novels describe characters rather dissimilar to the ones in the traditional fiction of the era through their cunnings, intrigues, and unconventional attitudes with regard to marriage, power, and gender roles.
Spory o pojęcie dzieciństwa i podmiotowość dziecka od średniowiecza do czasów nowożytnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Doliwa Katarzyna
Published: July 2021

The article presents the controversy around the concept of childhood and subjectivity of a child in past centuries - in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. One of the analyzed issues concerns the existence in medieval culture of understanding the child as a being different from an adult. According to the widespread view, formulated in the 1960s and 1970s by Philipp Ariés, childhood in the Middle Ages was not noticed, it was not considered a separate, important stage in human life, a period governed by specific rules, different from important principles of the adult community. The child entered the adult world very early and assumed the role assigned to him. The discovery of childhood did not take place until the 16th and 17th centuries, when it began to be recognized that the child was and should be the subject of special treatment. Ariés' view of the non-existence in the Middle Ages of the sense of separateness of childhood is criticized by some medievalists - they accuse the French researcher of technical defects and an analysis of unrepresentative, too scarce source materials. According to the adversaries of Ariés, the analysis of childhood in the Middle Ages cannot be based on the modern definition of this term, just as considering the relationship "children - adults" in the Middle Ages cannot refer to contemporary categories. Opponents of the thesis about the non-existence of the concept of childhood in the Middle Ages argue that this epoch had its own vision of it, but it was a vision definitely different from the present one. The early modern period bring a new approach to childhood and the subjectivity of a child - the seventeenth century, in addition to the approach that the child placed at the center of family life, promotes an attitude that places particular emphasis on the child's development and fulfilment of its mental needs, while the eighteenth century brings a "romantic" vision of the child when it becomes - as a bearer of exceptional qualities and a creature of extraordinary sensitivity - a role model for adults. The development of education has certainly contributed to the formation of a subjective approach to children; the evolution of the attitude towards children in the human mentality finds its fullest reflection in the development of education and school institutions. Today, the concepts of childhood and the subjectivity of a child are the subject of complex interdisciplinary research - scientists from various fields of science combine their efforts to develop the most complete concept of childhood, corresponding to the challenges of modern times.
Układ między Polską Rzeczpospolitą Ludową a Republiką Federalną Niemiec o podstawach normalizacji ich wzajemnych stosunków z 1970 r. – refleksje na tle bońskiej polityki europejskiej i wschodniej
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Dubowski Tomasz
Published: July 2021

The 50th anniversary of the Treaty between the People's Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany on the basis of the normalization of their mutual relations provides an opportunity to present a number of reflections, including remarks on the significance of this agreement for Bonn's foreign policy. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the relations and basic dependencies between Bonn's European policy (or, more broadly, the so-called Westbindung) and German eastern policy (Ostpolitik) and the Agreement as its element. The 1970 agreement has undoubtedly become one of the focal points in the process of changing, revising West German foreign policy at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s in its key dimensions. It has not only become a part of Germany's relations with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. It has also played a certain role and gained certain influence in the sphere of relations between the Bonn Republic and the countries of Western Europe and in the Euro-Atlantic context. Therefore, it seems that the presentation of a set of reflections devoted to this problem, especially in the light of the forthcoming anniversary of the PPR-FRG Agreement, is justified. The considerations below, in the light of the presented assumptions, include an indication of the central directions of West German foreign policy shaped after the end of the Second World War, a reconstruction of relations between Bonn's European policy and its Eastern policy, and an assessment of the Agreement itself and its significance from the perspective of Germany's position in European relations. The analyses were based mainly on (Polish and foreign) achievements of political, historical and legal sciences and relevant sources of law. At the same time, it should be noted that the presented considerations do not aspire to a comprehensive analysis of the signalized problem, but rather constitute a set of reflections devoted to its key mechanisms.
Пробелы в исследованиях истории становления налоговой системы Украины: критический дискурс
Authors:   Одесский государственный университет внутренних дел, Kuznichenko Sergey , Boksgorn Anastasiya ,   Одесский государственный университет внутренних дел
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the analysis of the researches of some stages in the history of the formation of the tax system of modern Ukraine: the antique period of the Greek policies on the Northern Black Sea coast (VII-I centuries BC), the period of the early Middle Ages – the times of kingdoms in Central and Eastern Europe (III-IV centuries), proto-states of the White Croats (VI-IX centuries) and the times of the Khazar Khaganate (VII-X centuries). As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the researchers of the history of tax law of Ukraine in the majority avoid the study of tax law institutions that were present in the fiscal relations of these periods. This causes gaps in the historical and legal science regarding the study of this issue, makes it impossible to assess the effectiveness of ancient tax systems, as well as to form a complete reliable picture of the genesis of tax law in modern Ukraine. The purpose of this article is to identify unexplored issues related to the history of the formation and development of the tax system in Ukraine, to identify perspective areas of scientific research in this part of historical and legal science.