bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide promotes electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Gao Yugan , Wu Chengqi , Yang Sen , Tan Yiwei
Published: November 2020

The oxygen evolution reaction is an essential factor in many renewable energy technologies, such as water splitting, fuel cells, and metal–air batteries. Here we show a unique solution to improve the oxygen evolution reaction rate by adjusting the electrolyte composition via the introduction of hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide into an alkaline electrolyte. The strong adsorption of hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations on the surface of electrocatalysts provides the increased absolute number of OH− ions near the electrocatalyst surface, which effectively promotes the oxygen evolution reaction performance of electrocatalysts, such as Fe1−yNiyS2@Fe1−xNixOOH microplatelets and SrBaNi2Fe12O22 powders. Meanwhile, we present an electrochemical conditioning approach to engineering the electrochemically active surface area of electrocatalysts, by which the resultant Fe1−yNiyS2@Fe1−xNixOOH microplatelets have a larger electrochemically active surface area after the electrochemical conditioning of the as-synthesized Fe1−yNiyS2 microplatelets using ammonia borane than those obtained after the conventional electrochemical conditioning without ammonia borane, presumably due to the appropriate conversion rate of Fe1−xNixOOH shells.
Topological Josephson heat engine
Authors: Scharf Benedikt , Braggio Alessandro , Strambini Elia , Giazotto Francesco , Hankiewicz Ewelina M.
Published: November 2020

Topological superconductors represent a fruitful playing ground for fundamental research as well as for potential applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. Especially Josephson junctions based on topological superconductors remain intensely studied, both theoretically and experimentally. The characteristic property of these junctions is their 4π-periodic ground-state fermion parity in the superconducting phase difference. Using such topological Josephson junctions, we introduce the concept of a topological Josephson heat engine. We discuss how this engine can be implemented as a Josephson–Stirling cycle in topological superconductors, thereby illustrating the potential of the intriguing and fruitful marriage between topology and coherent thermodynamics. It is shown that the Josephson–Stirling cycle constitutes a highly versatile thermodynamic machine with different modes of operation controlled by the cycle temperatures. Finally, the thermodynamic cycle reflects the hallmark 4π-periodicity of topological Josephson junctions and could therefore be envisioned as a complementary approach to test topological superconductivity.
Cooperative origin of proton pair diffusivity in yttrium substituted barium zirconate
Authors: Du Peng , Chen Qianli , Fan Zhijun , Pan Huizhu , Haibach Frederick G. , Gomez Maria A. , Braun Artur
Published: November 2020

Proton conduction is an important property for fuel cell electrolytes. The search for molecular details on proton transport is an ongoing quest. Here, we show that in hydrated yttrium doped barium zirconate using X-ray and neutron diffraction that protons tend to localize near the dopant yttrium as a conjugated superstructure. The proton jump time measured using quasi-elastic neutron scattering follows the Holstein-Samgin polaron model, revealing that proton hopping is weakly coupled to the high-frequency O-H stretching motion, but strongly coupled to low-frequency lattice phonons. The ratio of the proton polaron effective mass, m*, and the proton mass is m*/m = 2, when coupled to the Zr-O stretching mode, giving experimental evidence of proton pairing in perovskites, as a result of proton-phonon coupling. Possible pathways of a proton pair are provided through Nudge Elastic Band calculations. The pairing of protons, when jumping, is discussed in context of a cooperative protonic charge transport process.
Rapid conversion of isoprene photooxidation products in terrestrial plants
Authors: Canaval Eva , Millet Dylan B. , Zimmer Ina , Nosenko Tetyana , Georgii Elisabeth , Partoll Eva Maria , Fischer Lukas , Alwe Hariprasad D. , Kulmala Markku , Karl Thomas , Schnitzler Jörg-Peter , Hansel Armin
Published: November 2020

Isoprene is emitted from the biosphere into the atmosphere, and may strengthen the defense mechanisms of plants against oxidative and thermal stress. Once in the atmosphere, isoprene is rapidly oxidized, either to isoprene-hydroxy-hydroperoxides (ISOPOOH) at low levels of nitrogen oxides, or to methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein at high levels. Here we combine uptake rates and deposition velocities that we obtained in laboratory experiments with observations in natural forests to show that 1,2-ISOPOOH deposits rapidly into poplar leaves. There, it is converted first to cytotoxic MVK and then most probably through alkenal/one oxidoreductase (AOR) to less toxic methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). This detoxification process is potentially significant globally because AOR enzymes are ubiquitous in terrestrial plants. Our simulations with a global chemistry-transport model suggest that around 6.5 Tg yr−1 of MEK are re-emitted to the atmosphere. This is the single largest MEK source presently known, and recycles 1.5% of the original isoprene flux. Eddy covariance flux measurements of isoprene and MEK over different forest ecosystems confirm that MEK emissions can reach 1–2% those of isoprene. We suggest that detoxification processes in plants are one of the most important sources of oxidized volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere.
Hybrid nanomaterials for asymmetric purposes: green enantioselective C–C bond formation by chiralization and multi-functionalization approaches
Authors: Razavi Sayed Ali Akbar , Berijani Kayhaneh , Morsali Ali
Published: November 2020

We present a simple and novel strategy for synthesis of a MOF-based chiral multi-functional hybrid nanomaterial through chiralization and multi-functionalization approaches for asymmetric purposes.
CFA-18: a homochiral metal–organic framework (MOF) constructed from rigid enantiopure bistriazolate linker molecules
Authors: Knippen Katharina , Bredenkötter Björn , Kanschat Lisa , Kraft Maryana , Vermeyen Tom , Herrebout Wouter , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Bultinck Patrick , Volkmer Dirk
Published: November 2020

In this work, we introduce a novel enantiopure chiral spiro bistriazolate linker molecule (H2-bibta) and the corresponding first enantiopure bistriazolate-based metal–organic framework, CFA-18 (Coordination Framework Augsburg-18).
Mechanism and origins of regioselectivities of Rh-catalyzed alkenylation of allylbenzenes
Authors: Li Tian-Qi , Tan Jing-Yi , Deng Wei , Xu Zheng-Yang
Published: November 2020

The mechanism and origins of regioselectivities of Rh-catalyzed alkenylation of allylbenzenes.
Self-assembled blue-light emitting materials for their liquid crystalline and OLED applications: from a simple molecular design to supramolecular materials
Authors: Sharma Vinay S. , Sharma Anuj S. , Agarwal Nikhil K. , Shah Priyanka A. , Shrivastav Pranav S.
Published: November 2020

A new family of blue-light-emitting supramolecular bowl-shaped columnar hexagonal liquid crystals based on p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and functionalized via chalconyl–ester-linked biphenyl amine derivatives form a self-assembly and their applications.
Tunable dialdehyde/dicarboxylate nanocelluloses by stoichiometrically optimized sequential periodate–chlorite oxidation for tough and wet shape recoverable aerogels
Authors: Patterson Gabriel , Hsieh You-Lo
Published: November 2020

Stoichiometrically and sequentially optimized periodate–chlorite oxidations generate tunable C2,C3 dialdehyde–dicarboxylate CNFs/CNCs for tough amphiphilic and wet shape recoverable aerogels.
A base-catalyzed domino reaction between isoindigos and α-alkylidene succinimides—convenient preparation of highly steric bispirooxindoles
Authors: Li Chen-Yi , Xiang Min , Song Xiang-Jia , Zou Ying , Huang Zhi-Cheng , Li Xia , Tian Fang , Wang Li-Xin
Published: November 2020

A new Cs2CO3-catalyzed Michael–Michael domino reaction between isoindigos and α-alkylidene succinimides has been disclosed, and a series of highly steric bispirooxindoles with potential bioactive activities have been prepared under mild conditions.
Microstructure and long-term stability of solder joints on nickel-plated aluminium formed during short soldering times
Authors: De Rose Angela , Mikolasch Gabriele , Kamp Mathias , Kraft Achim , Nowottnick Mathias
Published: November 2020

High mechanical reliability of tin-based solder joints processed by joining copper and nickel-coated aluminium with short soldering times in ambient air.
Effective doping control in Sm-doped BiFeO3 thin films via deposition temperature
Authors: Wang Han , Huang Jijie , Sun Xing , Jian Jie , Liu Juncheng , Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2020

Sm-doped BiFeO3 (Bi0.85Sm0.15FeO3) thin films were fabricated on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by PLD over a range of deposition temperatures. The Sm dopants are clearly detected by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Antiviral agents against COVID-19: structure-based design of specific peptidomimetic inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Authors: Frecer Vladimir , Miertus Stanislav
Published: November 2020

Structure-based design of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors identified hydantoin, benzothiazine and cresol moieties as promising residues of new peptidomimetic inhibitors.
A perspective review on mixing effect for modeling and simulation of reactive and antisolvent crystallization processes
Authors: Qu Yanli , Cheng Jingcai , Mao Zai-Sha , Yang Chao
Published: November 2020

Reactive and antisolvent crystallization processes are sensitive to mixing effects on various scales.
Anion binding to ubiquitin and its relevance to the Hofmeister effects
Authors: Yao Wei , Wang Kaiyu , Wu Aide , Reed Wayne F. , Gibb Bruce C.
Published: November 2020

Studying the supramolecular properties of Ubiquitin reveals six anion binding sites that contribute to the reverse Hofmeister effect at low pH and the salting-in Hofmeister effect at higher pH.
Surface roughening, premelting and melting of monolayer and bilayer crystals
Authors: Wang Xipeng , Li Bo , Xu Xinliang , Han Yilong
Published: November 2020

Dimensionality often strongly affects material properties and phase transition behaviors, but its effects on crystal surfaces, such as roughening and premelting, have been poorly studied.
Advances and challenges in metal–organic framework derived porous materials for batteries and electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Liqin , Zhu Youqi , Du Changliang , Ma Xilan , Cao Chuanbao
Published: November 2020

The development of advanced functional materials is of great significance for applications in energy storage and conversion fields.
A “grafting through” strategy for constructing Janus cotton fabric by mist polymerization
Authors: Xu Qingbo , Yang Jing , Zhang Xujun , Wen Xiaodong , Yamada Masanori , Fu Feiya , Diao Hongyan , Liu Xiangdong
Published: November 2020

A fabric with different functions on its two sides has unparalleled advantages for practical use.
Bioactive metal-containing nanomaterials for ferroptotic cancer therapy
Authors: Fei Weidong , Zhang Yue , Ye Yiqing , Li Chaoqun , Yao Yao , Zhang Meng , Li Fanzhu , Zheng Caihong
Published: November 2020

The metal-containing nanomaterials with inherent physichemical properties are potential agents for ferroptotic cancer therapy.
Suppressing π–π stacking interactions for enhanced solid-state emission of flat aromatic moleculesviaedge functionalization with picket-fence-type groups
Authors: Cho Hye Jin , Kim Sang Won , Kim Sungjin , Lee Sangback , Lee Juhyen , Cho Yeonchoo , Lee Yunmi , Lee Tae-Woo , Shin Hyeon-Jin , Song Changsik
Published: November 2020

Picket-fence-type substituents effectively suppress the π–π stacking interaction of flat aromatic molecules and enhance solid-state emission for application in organic light-emitting diodes.
microRNA-1298 inhibits the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells via targeting ADAM9
Authors: Chen Weili , Lu Qing , Li Siyu , Zhang Xinyue , Xue Xiaohong
Published: November 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the progression of human malignancy by targeting oncogenes or tumor suppressors, which are 12 promising targets for cancer treatment. Increasing evidence has suggested the aberrant expression and tumor-suppressive function of miR-1298 in cancers, however, the regulatory mechanism of miR-1298 in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. Here, our findings showed that miR-1298 was down-regulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Lower level of miR-1298 was significantly correlated with the advanced progression of BC patients. Experimental study showed that overexpression of miR-1298 inhibited the proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in BC cells. The in vivo xenograft mice model showed that highly expressed miR-1298 significantly reduced the tumor growth and metastasis. Further mechanism analysis revealed that miR-1298 bound the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 domain (ADAM9) and suppressed the expression of ADAM9 in BC cells. ADAM9 was overexpressed in BC tissues and inversely correlated with miR-1298. Down-regulation of ADAM9 induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of BC cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of ADAM9 by transiently transfecting with vector encoding the full coding sequence of ADAM9 attenuated the inhibitory effects of miR-1298 on the proliferation and cell cycle progression of BC cells. Collectively, our results illustrated that miR-1298 played a suppressive role in regulating the phenotype of BC cells through directly repressing ADAM9, suggesting the potential application of miR-1298 in the therapy of BC.
Down-regulating NEAT1 inhibited the viability and vasculogenic mimicry formation of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma cells via miR-195-5p/VEGFA axis
Authors: Lu Honglue , Kang Fei
Published: November 2020

The role of long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1) in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) remained obscure. Target genes and potential binding sites of NEAT1, microRNA (miR)-195-5p and VEGFA were predicted using StarBase and TargetScan, and confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expressions of NEAT1, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and miR-195-5p. Pearson’s correlation analysis of NEAT1, miR-195-5p and VEGFA was conducted. Cell viability, apoptosis and tube formation capability were assessed by MTT assay, flow cytometry and capillary-like tube formation assay, respectively. Expressions of VEGFA and proteins related to the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway were measured by Western blot. In SNSCC tissues and cells, the expressions of NEAT1 and VEGFA were up-regulated while the expression of miR-195-5p was down-regulated, and NEAT1 was negatively correlated with miR-195-5p yet positively correlated with VEGFA. Overexpressed VEGFA promoted the viability and capillary-like tube formation of SNSCC cells yet suppressed their apoptosis, while silencing VEGFA led to the opposite results. MiR-195-5p could bind to NEAT1, and down-regulating miR-195-5p reversed the effects of silencing NEAT1 on the expressions of NEAT1 and miR-195-5p, cell viability, apoptosis and capillary-like tube formation as well as PI3K/AKT pathway activation. VEGFA was the target of miR-195-5p, and overexpressed VEGFA reversed the effects of miR-195-5p. Down-regulating NEAT1 inhibited the viability and vasculogenic mimicry formation of SNSCC cells yet promoted their apoptosis via the miR-195-5p/VEGFA axis, providing a possible therapeutic target for SNSCC treatment.
Sub‐nanoampere‐sensitivity current comparatorbased temperature sensor with bucket searching algorithm
Authors: Zhang Peiyong , Lu Hangyi
Published: November 2020

This Letter presents a new real‐time and compact current‐mode temperature sensor for system‐on‐chip thermal monitoring. The proposed temperature sensor provides a low‐cost readout scheme that utilises a current switching comparator and dual‐control bucket searching algorithm. It does not require an ADC or charged capacitor with large area and power dissipation. The dynamic element matching and threshold‐setting techniques are employed to further increase the accuracy of the proposed sensor. It is fabricated with a standard 55 nm CMOS process, achieves an accuracy of while occupying a silicon area of , and consumes with a conversion time.
Realising transfer learning through convolutional neural network and support vector machine for mental task classification
Authors: Singh D. , Singh S.
Published: November 2020

Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brainwaves that have been the widely used modality for brain–computer interface (BCI) applications. EEG signal with machine learning has gained substantial success in the BCI. However, the availability of limited training data, appropriate model selection and high false‐positive rates are the challenges that need immediate attention. Therefore, in this Letter, the authors present a mental task classification model based on the notion of transfer learning that addresses the issue of data scarcity, model selection and misclassification ratio. In the framework, the proposed model uses pre‐trained network for the extraction of diverse feature and classify using support vector machine. The authors employed four pre‐trained networks to identify the optimal network for the proposed framework: Vgg16, Vgg19, Resnet18 and Resnet50. The highest classification accuracy of 86.85% (using Resnet50) was achieved using transfer learning. Comparison results showed that convolutional neural network‐based approach outperformed conventional machine learning approaches and hence it can be concluded that the EEG‐based classification of the mental task using transfer learning model could be used in developing a superior model despite the limited data availability.
Finite‐time functional interval observer for linear systems with uncertainties
Authors: Liu Long‐wen , Xie Wei , Khan Awais , Zhang Lang‐wen
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the problem of designing a finite‐time functional interval observer (FTFIO) for linear systems with uncertainties. A novel structure is proposed to design an FTFIO for uncertain systems. Based on the proposed structure, the sufficient conditions for the existence of such a finite‐time observer are established as a set of coefficient matrix equations with a constraint matrix. Meanwhile, using the obtained existence conditions, the parametric expression of an FTFIO is developed by adopting the solutions to a type of first‐order Sylvester equations, which provides extra degrees of freedom. Finally, the FTFIO design method is efficiently applied to the estimation problem in two examples, including the simple numerical system and chaotic system.
Deep visual unsupervised domain adaptation for classification tasks: a survey
Authors: Madadi Yeganeh , Seydi Vahid , Nasrollahi Kamal , Hosseini Reshad , Moeslund Thomas B.
Published: November 2020

Learning methods are challenged when there is not enough labelled data. It gets worse when the existing learning data have different distributions in different domains. To deal with such situations, deep unsupervised domain adaptation techniques have newly been widely used. This study surveys such domain adaptation methods that have been used for classification tasks in computer vision. The survey includes the very recent papers on this topic that have not been included in the previous surveys and introduces a taxonomy by grouping methods published on unsupervised domain adaptation into five groups of discrepancy‐, adversarial‐, reconstruction‐, representation‐, and attention‐based methods.
A proto-pseudobulge in ESO 320-G030 fed by a massive molecular inflow driven by a nuclear bar
Authors: González-Alfonso Eduardo , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Fischer Jaqueline , García-Burillo Santiago , Yang Chentao , Alonso-Herrero Almudena , Colina Luis , Ashby Matthew L. N. , Smith Howard A. , Rico-Villas Fernando , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Cazzoli Sara , Stewart Kenneth P.
Published: November 2020

Galaxies with nuclear bars are believed to efficiently drive gas inward, generating a nuclear starburst and possibly an active galactic nucleus. We confirm this scenario for the isolated, double-barred, luminous infrared galaxy ESO 320-G030 based on an analysis of Herschel and ALMA spectroscopic observations. Herschel/PACS and SPIRE observations of ESO 320-G030 show absorption or emission in 18 lines of H2O, which we combine with the ALMA H2O 423 − 330 448 GHz line (Eupper ∼ 400 K) and continuum images to study the physical properties of the nuclear region. Radiative transfer models indicate that three nuclear components are required to account for the multi-transition H2O and continuum data. An envelope, with radius R ∼ 130 − 150 pc, dust temperature Tdust ≈ 50 K, and NH2 ∼ 2 × 1023 cm−2, surrounds a nuclear disk with R ∼ 40 pc that is optically thick in the far-infrared (τ100 μm ∼ 1.5 − 3, NH2 ∼ 2 × 1024 cm−2). In addition, an extremely compact (R ∼ 12 pc), warm (≈100 K), and buried (τ100 μm >  5, NH2 ≳ 5 × 1024 cm−2) core component is required to account for the very high-lying H2O absorption lines. The three nuclear components account for 70% of the galaxy luminosity (SFR ∼ 16 − 18 M⊙ yr−1). The nucleus is fed by a molecular inflow observed in CO 2-1 with ALMA, which is associated with the nuclear bar. With decreasing radius (r = 450 − 225 pc), the mass inflow rate increases up to Ṁinf ∼ 20 Ṁ yr−1, which is similar to the nuclear star formation rate (SFR), indicating that the starburst is sustained by the inflow. At lower r, ∼100 − 150 pc, the inflow is best probed by the far-infrared OH ground-state doublets, with an estimated Ṁinf ∼ 30 Ṁ yr−1. The inferred short timescale of ∼20 Myr for nuclear gas replenishment indicates quick secular evolution, and indicates that we are witnessing an intermediate stage (< 100 Myr) proto-pseudobulge fed by a massive inflow that is driven by a strong nuclear bar. We also apply the H2O model to the Herschel far-infrared spectroscopic observations of H218O, OH, 18OH, OH+, H2O+, H3O+, NH, NH2, NH3, CH, CH+, 13CH+, HF, SH, and C3, and we estimate their abundances.
Theoretical research on novel monoclinic Zr2B5 from first principles calculations
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Du Junyi , Hu Ziyu
Published: November 2020

Combining first-principles calculations with an unbiased structural searching method (CALYPSO), we uncovered a novel monoclinic structure with a space group C2/m as the thermodynamically most stable phase for Zr2B5 is uncovered in the pressure 0–100GPa. The calculated elastic constants and phonons dispersions indicated that C2/m-Zr2B5 phase is mechanically and dynamically stable at atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the calculated hardness value indicated that this structure is likely to become a hard material. Our current results may stimulate further experimental work on synthesizing other transition-metal light-element compounds with superior physical properties.
Data reduction pipeline for MOF-based synoptic telescopes
Authors: Forte Roberta , Berrilli Francesco , Calchetti Daniele , Del Moro Dario , Fleck Bernhard , Giebink Cynthia , Giebink William , Giovannelli Luca , Jefferies Stuart Mark , Knox Allister , Magrì Maria , Murphy Neil , Nitta Garry , Oliviero Maurizio , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Rodgers Wayne , Scardigli Stefano , Viavattene Giorgio
Published: November 2020

There are strong scientific cases and practical reasons for building ground-based solar synoptic telescopes. Some issues, like the study of solar dynamics and the forecasting of solar flares, benefit from the 3D reconstruction of the Sun’s atmosphere and magnetic field. Others, like the monitoring and prediction of space weather, require full disk observations, at the proper sampling rate, combining H-alpha images and Doppler velocity and magnetic field. The synoptic telescopes based on Magneto Optical Filters (MOF) using different lines are capable of measuring the line-of-sight Doppler velocity and magnetic field over the full solar disk at different ranges of height in the Sun’s photosphere and low chromosphere. Instruments like the MOTH (Magneto-Optical filters at Two Heights), using a dual-channel based on MOFs operating at 589.0 nm (Na D2line) and 769.9 nm (K D1line), the VAMOS instrument (Velocity And Magnetic Observations of the Sun), operating at 769.9 nm (K D1 line), and the future TSST (Tor Vergata Synoptic Solar Telescope), using a dual-channel telescope operating at 656.28 nm (H-alpha line) and at 769.9 nm (K D1 line), allow to face both aspects, the scientific and the operative related to Space Weather applications. The MOTH, VAMOS and TSST data enable a wide variety of studies of the Sun, from seismic probing of the solar interior (sound speed, rotation, details of the tachocline, sub-surface structure of active regions), to the dynamics and magnetic evolution of the lower part of the solar atmosphere (heating of the solar atmosphere, identification of the signatures of solar eruptive events, atmospheric gravity waves, etc.), to the 3D reconstruction of the solar atmosphere and flare locations. However, the use of MOF filters requires special care in calibrating the data for scientific or operational use. This work presents a systematic pipeline that derives from the decennial use of MOF’s technology. More in detail, the pipeline is based on data reduction procedures tested and validated on MOTH data acquired at Mees Solar Observatory of the University of Hawaii Haleakala Observatories and at South Pole Solar Observatory (SPSO), at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, during Antarctica Summer Campaign 2016/17.
Lymphbahnen am Bein
Authors: Brenner Erich
Published: November 2020

Zu den Komplikationen der Varizentherapie zählt auch das Lymphödem. Pittaluga und Chastanet fanden nach chirurgischer Intervention in nur 0,25 % ein Lymphödem. Flessenkämper und Mitarbeiter konnten zeigen, dass dieses, je nach verwendeter Therapiemethode, in 2,8 % (hohe Ligatur und Stripping) bis 9,2 % (endovenöse Laserablation) auftritt. Einer der möglichen Gründe für diese Lymphödeme könnte eine direkte Schädigung der (sub)inguinalen Lymphgefäße sein. In einer anatomischen Studie fand sich an einem Präparat eine feine „VSM-Entnahmenarbe“ am medialen linken Oberschenkel, vermutlich nach einer Crossektomie. Alle Kollektoren, die die Narbe durchquerten, obliterierten an der Narbe, während sie auf die großen inferolateralen Lymphknoten zogen. Seitlich der Narbe hatten sie ein normales Aussehen und konnten rekanüliert werden. Bislang hat die (anatomische) Forschung diesem Aspekt wenig Beachtung geschenkt; dabei zeigte sich jedoch, dass auch unterhalb der Fascia saphena, parallel zur V. saphena magna, mehrere Lymphgefäße verlaufen.

In der hier präsentierten explorativen anatomischen Untersuchung wurden 20 untere Extremitäten von 10 Individuen verwendet.

An den rechten Präparaten wurde eine akribische und soweit wie möglich schichtweise Präparation der Subinguinalregion durchgeführt. Die linken Präparate wurden gefroren und zur Hälfte longitudinal und zur anderen Hälfte transversal geschnitten. Die so erhaltenen Schnitte wurden auf den genauen Verlauf der Fascia lata, der Fascia cribrosa und der Fascia saphena untersucht und die genaue Lage der Lymphknoten und -bahnen wurde festgestellt.

Eine extensive Intervention an der proximalen V. saphena magna, sei es bei der klassischen Crossektomie oder bei diversen endovenösen Verfahren, deren jeweiliges Agens über die Venenwand selbst hinausreichen kann, kann zu einer zumindest teilweisen Schädigung von begleitenden Lymphgefäßen führen. Zumeist wird wohl die Gesamttransportkapazität der oberflächlichen Lymphbahnen des Beins nicht unter die anfallende Lymphlast gesenkt; jedoch kann eine vorbestehende Beeinträchtigung oder auch eine später auftretende weitere Minderung der Gesamttransportkapazität in einem Lymphödem resultieren.
Análisis retrospectivo de las características y utilización de los recursos de salud en pacientes con cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración metastásico tratados con Enzalutamida o Acetato de Abiraterona en Colombia
Authors: Romero Martín , Vásquez Eliana , Montoya Giovanny , Huerfano Lina
Published: November 2020

Objetivo Describir las características demográficas, clínicas, los recursos de salud utilizados y los costos directos del tratamiento del cáncer de próstata resistente a la castración metastásico (CPRCm), tratados con enzalutamida o acetato de abiraterona en Colombia.

Métodos Mediante un estudio de corte transversal se analizaron datos de utilización de servicios de una EPS (entidad promotora de salud) colombiana. Para ello, se identificaron los pacientes que durante el 1 de julio de 2016 y 30 de junio de 2017 (fecha índice) presentaron registro de uso de enzalutamida o acetato de abiraterona y se confirmaron sus antecedentes de castración química o quirúrgica (6 meses previos a la fecha índice). Se establecieron las frecuencias de uso de servicios en dicha población y se extrajo el consumo reportado asociado a consultas (urgencias, consulta externa), procedimientos y medicamentos en el periodo de análisis. Los costos se organizaron por categorías y se reportaron en pesos colombianos (COP) 2016.

Resultados se identificaron 161 pacientes con CPRCm con edad media de 77 años, se determinó que el departamento colombiano con más población de CPRCm en esta cohorte fue el Valle del Cauca, que 98,1% de los pacientes pertenecen al régimen contributivo y que 1,9% al subsidiado. El cálculo de la supervivencia con el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson mostró que esos pacientes tendrían una tasa de supervivencia de 0% a 10 años. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes encontradas fueron hipertensión, diabetes mellitus, insuficiencia renal y otras patologías tumorales relacionadas. El costo total de manejo de un paciente con CPRCm, que recibe de manera continua durante 12 meses abiraterona o enzalutamida es promedio $131.942.292 COP año. Esa cifra incluye tanto el uso de servicios como el consumo de medicamentos, y ese último representa cerca del 90% del costo.

Conclusiones los pacientes con cáncer en estadio metastásico se caracterizan por presentar alta demanda de medicamentos, laboratorios, imágenes diagnósticas, visitas ambulatorias e ingresos hospitalarios. Debido a que es una muestra pequeña de pacientes, se requiere desarrollar una valoración posterior que permita corroborar los hallazgos encontrados en este estudio retrospectivo.
Arthroscopic Articular Cartilage Scores of the Canine Stifle Joint with Naturally Occurring Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease
Authors: Agnello Kimberly A. , Hayashi Kei , Brown Dorothy Cimino
Published: November 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate frequency, location and severity of cartilage pathology in dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease.

Study Design Stifle arthroscopic video recordings (n = 120) were reviewed. A modified Outerbridge classification system (MOCS) (0–4) was used to score cartilage at 10 locations in the femorotibial (medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibial plateaus) and patellofemoral compartments (proximal, middle and distal locations of the patella and femoral trochlear groove) of the stifle joint. Synovial pathology was scored and the presence of a medial meniscal tear was recorded. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate association of location and synovitis with cartilage score; and presence of meniscal tear with cartilage and synovitis scores. Bonferroni correction was utilized and p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results Cartilage pathology and synovitis were identified in all joints. Overall cartilage severity scores were low (median MOCS 1). The median MOCS of the proximal trochlear groove (2) was significantly higher than all other locations evaluated. Higher synovitis scores were significantly associated with higher cartilage severity scores and a medial meniscal tear had no association with cartilage severity scores or synovitis.

Conclusion Arthroscopic articular cartilage lesions are common in dogs with CCL disease at the time of surgical intervention, although the severity of cartilage damage is mild. The proximal trochlear groove of the femur had the most severe cartilage score in the stifle joint.
An ethno-linguistic dimension in transnational activity space measured with mobile phone data
Authors: Mooses Veronika , Silm Siiri , Tammaru Tiit , Saluveer Erki
Published: November 2020

In addition to permanent migration, different forms of cross-border mobility were on the rise before the COVID-19 pandemic, ranging from tourism to job-related commuting. In this paper ethno-linguistic differences in cross-border mobility using the activity space framework are considered. New segregation theories emphasise that segregation in one part of the activity space (e.g. in residential neighbourhood) affects the segregation in other parts of the activity space (e.g. in workplace), and that spatial mobility between activity locations is equally important in the production and reproduction of ethnic inequalities. Until now, segregation in activity spaces has been studied by focusing on daily activities inside one country. In reality, an increasing number of people pursue their activities across different countries, so that their activity spaces extend beyond state borders, which can have important implications for the functioning of ethno-linguistic communities and the transfer of inequalities from one country to another. This study takes advantage of mobility data based on mobile phone use, and the new avenues provided for the study of ethno-linguistic differences in temporary cross-border mobility. Such data allow the study of different cross-border visitor groups—tourists, commuters, transnationals, long-term stayers—by providing the means to measure the frequency of visits and time spent abroad, and to link together the travel of each person over several years. Results show that members of the ethno-linguistic minority population in Estonia make more trips than members of the ethno-linguistic majority, and they also have higher probability of being tourists and cross-border commuters than the majority population, paying frequent visits to their ancestral homelands. The connections between ethno-linguistic background and temporary cross-border mobility outlined in this study allows for future discussion on how (in)equalities can emerge in transnational activity space and what implications it has for segregation.
Research progress of MXenes-based wearable pressure sensors
Authors: Lei Dandan , Liu Nishuang , Su Tuoyi , Wang Luoxin , Su Jun , Zhang Zhi , Gao Yihua
Published: November 2020

Flexible wearable pressure sensors can maintain their sensing capability when any deformation occurs, which possess ponderance in the realms of electronic skin, man–machine interaction, medical diagnosis, and human motion detection. Two-dimensional (2D) layered-structured materials of early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, named MXenes, own fascinating character due to mechanical flexibility, good conductivity, excellent hydrophilic property, large specific surface areas, and unique surface chemistry. The excellent properties of MXenes can improve the sensing performance of flexible pressure sensors based on MXenes. MXenes can be obtained by diverse preparation methods and form composites with other materials conveniently. In particular, polymers are ideal choices for synthesizing MXenes composites due to their versatility, compatibility, and low cost. MXenes or MXenes/polymers display strengthened mechanical flexibility and tensile properties through the design of the structure and the manufacturing process, which makes them desirable for extensive use in the realm of wearable pressure sensors. In this review, we focus on preparation and compounding methods of MXenes and MXenes/polymers as well as recent progress of applications in wearable pressure sensors. Moreover, major challenges and further research are also presented.
La variation diatopique dans les expressions figées spécialisées
Authors: Navarro-Brotons Lucía , Cuadrado-Rey Analía
Published: November 2020

En partant de l’hypothèse que chaque variété dialectale traduit l’idiosyncrasie des différentes cultures, nous abordons la variation des unités phraséologiques spécialisées de l’espagnol de l’Espagne péninsulaire (EP) et de l’espagnol du Venezuela (EV) dans des arrêts de pourvois en cassation en matière civile. Le travail qui suit présente brièvement les ordres juridiques, compare les superstructures des arrêts, extrait et compare les expressions figées spécialisées, à la lumière de la linguistique de corpus, pour détecter leurs similitudes et leurs différences. Cette analyse démontre : (1) l’existence de variations lexicales aussi bien au sein d’une variété d’espagnol qu’entre deux variétés d’espagnol (2) l’espagnol vénézuélien présente plus de formulations synonymes pour ce qui est de la partie demandante et (3) les usages des expressions figées spécialisées diffèrent chez les juristes qui assistent les parties concernées et qui interviennent pendant la procédure.
Phraséologie spécialisée et variation sociolinguistique
Authors: Le Poder Marie-Évelyne
Published: November 2020

Cet article s’intéresse à la variation sociolinguistique des unités phraséologiques spécialisées (UPS)
contenues dans un corpus textuel en langue espagnole traitant du cancer de la peau dans différentes situations de communication : l’une
d’émetteur spécialiste à récepteur spécialiste et l’autre d’émetteur spécialiste à récepteur grand public. Il s’insère dans le contexte
d’une recherche menée sur ce thème dont les premiers résultats sont présentés. Ces différents contextes communicatifs et sociaux influent
sur l’usage de la langue de la part de l’émetteur qui se doit de développer des stratégies discursives adaptées à son récepteur-cible dont
les profils sont hétérogènes.
Novel conductive polymer composites based on CNTs/CNFs bridged liquid metal
Authors: Pan Xudong , Guo Dengji , He Hu
Published: November 2020

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) are vital and indispensable for the emerging field of soft electronics. In this work, a new strategy for using carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and liquid metal droplets as multiphase hybrid fillers for CPCs is presented. We found that CPCs with multiphase hybrid conductive fillers had advantages in electromechanical properties over those with single solid-phase conductive fillers. CNTs/CNFs can easily form conductive paths in the polymer due to their excellent electrical conductivity with large aspect ratio. Self-repair of conductive networks was realized since the exposed Galinstan under strains could bridge the gap between CNTs/CNFs to form new conductive pathways. In addition, the influences of the size and content of conductive fillers on the electromechanical properties of CPCs were investigated. We found CPCs with liquid metals can be served as a flexible strain sensor under mild strain, while as a conductor under large strain due to the robust stability of resistance, which has not been reported yet in the literature. The CPCs presented in this work could provide potential applications in wearable electronics and flexible electronics.
The role of surface diffusion in the growth mechanism of III-nitride nanowires and nanotubes
Authors: Daudin Bruno , Siladie Alexandra-Madalina , Gruart Marion , den Hertog Martien , Bougerol Catherine , Haas Benedikt , Rouvière Jean-Luc , Robin Eric , Recio-Carretero Maria-José , Garro Núria , Cros Ana
Published: November 2020

The spontaneous growth of GaN nanowires (NWs) in absence of catalyst is controlled by the Ga flux impinging both directly on the top and on the side walls and diffusing to the top. The presence of diffusion barriers on the top surface and at the frontier between the top and the sidewalls, however, causes an inhomogeneous distribution of Ga adatoms at the NW top surface resulting in a GaN accumulation in its periphery. The increased nucleation rate in the periphery promotes the spontaneous formation of superlattices in InGaN and AlGaN NWs. In the case of AlN NWs, the presence of Mg can enhance the otherwise short Al diffusion length along the sidewalls inducing the formation of AlN nanotubes.
Modeling and experimental evaluation of pseudo-resistor’s temperature dependence
Authors: Pereira Cleiton F , Galeti Milene , Testa Beatriz B , Benko Pedro L , Buhler Rudolf T , Lucchi Julio C , Giacomini Renato C
Published: November 2020

This work presents the experimental temperature dependence evaluation of the pseudo-resistor piecewise linear (PWL) macromodel, for temperature ranging from 300 to 333 K. The studied macromodel is based on the PWL methodology and it can be used for pseudo-resistors SPICE simulation, including both linear and non-linear operation regions. This study was carried out using a low-frequency bio-potential amplifier with narrow bandwidth for use in QRS complex (part of the electrocardiogram which is a combination of the Q wave, R wave and S wave) detection systems. The architecture based on pseudo-resistors provides DC offset cancellation, adequate frequency response and a significant reduction of the signal recovery time. Both the pseudo-resistor and the QRS complex detector performance were experimentally measured with the temperature variation, in order to include this dependency in the PWL model. The transient recovery time, as well as the QRS complex detector frequency response, was also widely evaluated, in the proposed temperature range, through experimental measurements. The temperature dependence was added to the model and implemented in the SPICE simulation. The model outputs showed strong adherence to experimental data, showing a disagreement less than 6% in the low cut-off frequency. The macromodel’s response to the recovery time also followed the same experimental results behavior, presenting a maximum error of 20% within human body temperature range. The obtained recovery time was less than a normal heartbeat period to the entire temperature range evaluated. All of the analyzed circuits were implemented using GF 8HP 0.13 μm BiCMOS technology from Global Foundries.
Major role of intrinsic defects in optical and electrical properties adopting a highly defect-controlled photoconductivity in spin-coated α-MoO3 thin films gained after UV illumination
Authors: Badr Aly M
Published: November 2020

Spin-coated MoO3 thin films were subsequently subjected to later thermal treatment (LTT) at different temperatures. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results corroborated that the produced films crystallise in their α-phase with layer structure featured by preferential orientations along the (0k0) planes, and it was also revealed that the thermal energy gained by the later heat treatment plays a major role in enhancing crystallinity enlarging crystallite size. The optical spectroscopic analysis showed that in the visible and near-infrared regions, the average transmission of the film samples remarkably increases with increasing the LTT temperature, whereas the films prepared at 625 °C exhibits an average optical transmission of 79.92%. The optical bandgaps of the film samples were calculated to be of comparable values to the bulk one of α-MoO3 when increasing the LTT temperature from 375 to 525 °C, but it was found to be little greater than the bulk value by further increase in the LTT temperature. The DC electrical results revealed that raising the LTT temperature significantly enhances the electrical resistivity of the film samples, chiefly over the low working-temperatures. These results ascertained the realization of more than one conduction mechanism with different activation energies for the same film, and ramarkable upswings in activation energies were observed by increasing the LTT temperature. The photoconductivity (PC) analysis indicated the occurrence of various trapping processes associated with different photoexcitation energies. The PC analysis also corroborated that the highly resistive thin films exhibit much greater sensitivity to UV illumination compared with the remaining films, whereas the film prepared at the LTT temperature 625 °C presents the higher illumination current at the steady state condition exceeding the dark current value by a factor of 66.01.
Suppression of edge localized modes with real-time boron injection using the tungsten divertor in EAST
Authors: Sun Z. , Diallo A. , Maingi R. , Qian Y.Z. , Tritz K. , Wang Y.F. , Wang Y.M. , Bortolon A. , Nagy A. , Zhang L. , Duan Y.M. , Ye Y. , Zhao H.L. , Wang H.Q. , Gu X. , Zuo G.Z. , Xu W. , Huang M. , Li C.L. , Meng X.C. , Zhou C. , Liu H.Q. , Zang Q. , Wang L. , Qian J.P. , Xu G.S. , Gong X.Z. , Hu J.S. , team EAST
Published: November 2020

We report an observation of robust suppression of edge-localized modes (ELMs) in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), enabled by continuous boron (B) powder injection. Edge harmonic oscillations appear during B powder injection, providing sufficient particle transport to maintain constant density and avoid impurity accumulation in ELM-stable plasmas. Quasi-steady ELM suppression discharges are demonstrated with modest energy confinement improvement and over a wide range of conditions: heating power and technique variation, electron density range over a factor ∼3.5, deuterium or helium ion species, and with either direction of the toroidal magnetic field. ELM suppression is observed above a threshold edge B intensity and ceases within 0.5 s of termination of the B injection. In contrast to ELM suppression accompanied by recycling reduction during Li powder injection in NSTX and EAST (Maingi et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion
58 024003), reduced recycling due to hydrogenic species retention is unnecessary for the ELM suppression with B powder injection, paving the way for its consideration as an ELM control tool for future fusion devices.
Design of the Surface USV Heading Controller Based on the Predictive Function Control Principle
Authors: Luo Nanhang , Zhao Kunming , Du Enwu , Zheng Ying , Wan Huaqing
Published: November 2020

In view of the controlling issues such as the steering restraints on the water and the turbulence by wind, wave, current and else in the midst of voyage, this paper designed a type of surface USV heading controller on the basis of predictive function control principle. The controller adopted the thought of prediction prior to control. With full consideration of above mentioned restraints and disturbance that affect the heading control, when the optimum control quantity was solved online, it fulfilled timely compensation on the turbulence. After that, simulation experiment was carried on upon the heading controller that was steered by predictive function; moreover, in comparison with the heading controller that was steered by traditional PID, it validated the effectiveness of the newly designed controller. In addition, it provided support for subsequent design of indirect flight path algorithm.