bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgeon Specialty Influences Referral Rate for Osteoporosis Management following Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Daffner Scott D. , Karnes Jonathan M. , Watkins Colleen M.
Published: November 2015

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Objective

To evaluate the referral rate for long-term osteoporosis management following vertebral compression fracture treated by different specialties at a single academic institution.

Methods

Patients undergoing vertebral cement augmentation for painful osteoporotic compression fractures from 2009 to 2014 were identified. Medical records were reviewed to determine if the treating surgeon discussed and/or referred the patient for long-term osteoporosis management. Any referral for or mention of medical long-term osteoporosis management was counted as a positive response. Results were statistically analyzed with chi-square test.

Results

Two hundred fourteen patients underwent vertebral cement augmentation; 150 met inclusion criteria. Orthopedic surgeons treated 88 patients, neurosurgeons treated 39, and interventional radiology or pain management physicians treated 23. Orthopedic surgeons referred 82% of patients for osteoporosis management, neurosurgeons referred 36%, and interventional radiology/pain management referred 17%. The referral rate was significantly higher for orthopedic surgeons compared with either of the other two groups; there was no significant difference between neurosurgery and interventional radiology/pain management.

Conclusions

Among physicians who treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, orthopedic surgeons more frequently address osteoporosis or refer patients for osteoporosis management compared with neurosurgeons and interventional radiologists or pain management physicians. The results of this study shed light on the disparity in how different specialties approach treatment of osteoporosis in patients with fractures painful enough to require surgery and highlight potential areas for improvement in osteoporosis awareness training.
The Application of the Revised Condyle–C1 Interval Method to Diagnose Traumatic Atlanto-occipital Dissociation in Adults
Authors: Dahdaleh Nader S. , Khanna Ryan , Menezes Arnold H. , Smith Zachary A. , Viljoen Stephanus V. , Koski Tyler R. , Hitchon Patrick W. , Dlouhy Brian J.
Published: November 2015

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Objective

Traumatic atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD) remains a diagnostic challenge, and delay in diagnosis is associated with catastrophic outcomes. Recently, a revised version of the condyl–C1 interval (CCI) utilizing parasagittal computed tomography (CT) reconstruction was used successfully with unilateral dislocation of 2.5 mm at the level of that joint diagnostic of AOD. We report the utility of this simple technique in the diagnosis of six patients with AOD.

Methods

Two blinded neurosurgeons assessed CTs of six patients with AOD and 30 patients without AOD. The following methodologies were applied: basion–dens interval (BDI), basion–axial interval (BAI), Lee X-lines, Powers ratio, CCI, and revised CCI. The average sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) as well as the kappa statistic indicating interrater reliability of each method were investigated.

Results

The average sensitivity for BDI, BAI, Lee X-lines, Power ratio, CCI, and revised CCI was 0.75, 0.33, 0.67, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively. The average specificity was 1.00, 1.00, 0.50, 1.00, 0.94, and 1.00, respectively. The average PPV was 1.00, 1.00, 0.25, 1.00, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. The average NPV was 0.96, 0.88, 0.89, 0.91, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively, and the kappa statistic was 0.57, 0.25, 0.25, 0.20, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively.

Conclusion

Based on this study, the revised CCI method is simple yet the most sensitive and reliable technique for the diagnosis of AOD.
First experiments with the negative ion source NIO1
Authors: Cavenago M. , Serianni G. , De Muri M. , Agostinetti P. , Antoni V. , Baltador C. , Barbisan M. , Baseggio L. , Bigi M. , Cervaro V. , Degli Agostini F. , Fagotti E. , Kulevoy T. , Ippolito N. , Laterza B. , Minarello A. , Maniero M. , Pasqualotto R. , Petrenko S. , Poggi M. , Ravarotto D. , Recchia M. , Sartori E. , Sattin M. , Sonato P. , Taccogna F. , Variale V. , Veltri P. , Zaniol B. , Zanotto L. , Zucchetti S.
Published: November 2015

Neutral Beam Injectors (NBIs), which need to be strongly optimized in the perspective of DEMO reactor, request a thorough understanding of the negative ion source used and of the multi-beamlet optics. A relatively compact radio frequency (rf) ion source, named NIO1 (Negative Ion Optimization 1), with 9 beam apertures for a total H− current of 130 mA, 60 kV acceleration voltage, was installed at Consorzio RFX, including a high voltage deck and an X-ray shield, to provide a test bench for source optimizations for activities in support to the ITER NBI test facility. NIO1 status and plasma experiments both with air and with hydrogen as filling gas are described. Transition from a weak plasma to an inductively coupled plasma is clearly evident for the former gas and may be triggered by rising the rf power (over 0.5 kW) at low pressure (equal or below 2 Pa). Transition in hydrogen plasma requires more rf power (over 1.5 kW).
Dynamics and density distributions in a capillary-discharge waveguide with an embedded supersonic jet
Authors: Matlis N. H. , Gonsalves A. J. , Steinke S. , van Tilborg J. , Matlis E. H. , Shaw B. , Mittelberger D. E. , Geddes C. G. R. , Leemans W. P.
Published: November 2015

We present an analysis of the gas dynamics and density distributions within a capillary-discharge waveguide with an embedded supersonic jet. This device provides a target for a laser plasma accelerator which uses longitudinal structuring of the gas-density profile to enable control of electron trapping and acceleration. The functionality of the device depends sensitively on the details of the density profile, which are determined by the interaction between the pulsed gas in the jet and the continuously-flowing gas in the capillary. These dynamics are captured by spatially resolving recombination light from several emission lines of the plasma as a function of the delay between the jet and the discharge. We provide a phenomenological description of the gas dynamics as well as a quantitative evaluation of the density evolution. In particular, we show that the pressure difference between the jet and the capillary defines three regimes of operation with qualitatively different longitudinal density profiles and show that jet timing provides a sensitive method for tuning between these regimes.
Analysis of band structure, transmission properties, and dispersion behavior of THz wave in one-dimensional parabolic plasma photonic crystal
Authors: Askari Nasim , Mirzaie Reza , Eslami Esmaeil
Published: November 2015

The photonic band gap of obliquely incident terahertz electromagnetic waves in a one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal is studied. The periodic structure consists of lossless dielectric and inhomogeneous plasma with a parabolic density profile. The dispersion relation and the THz wave transmittance are analyzed based on the electromagnetic equations and transfer matrix method. The dependence of effective plasma frequency and photonic band gap characteristics on dielectric and plasma thickness, plasma density, and incident angle are discussed in detail. A theoretical calculation for effective plasma frequency is presented and compared with numerical results. Results of these two methods are in good agreement.
Anti-phase boundaries–Free GaAs epilayers on “quasi-nominal” Ge-buffered silicon substrates
Authors: Bogumilowicz Y. , Hartmann J. M. , Cipro R. , Alcotte R. , Martin M. , Bassani F. , Moeyaert J. , Baron T. , Pin J. B. , Bao X. , Ye Z. , Sanchez E.
Published: November 2015

We have obtained Anti-Phase Boundary (APB) free GaAs epilayers on “quasi-nominal” (001) silicon substrates, while using a thick germanium strain relaxed buffer between the GaAs layer and the silicon substrate in order to accommodate the 4% lattice mismatch between the two. As silicon (001) substrates always have a small random offcut angle from their nominal surface plane, we call them “quasi-nominal.” We have focused on the influence that this small (≤0.5°) offcut angle has on the GaAs epilayer properties, showing that it greatly influences the density of APBs. On 0.5° offcut substrates, we obtained smooth, slightly tensile strained (R = 106%) GaAs epilayers that were single domain (e.g., without any APB), showing that it is not necessary to use large offcut substrates, typically 4° to 6°, for GaAs epitaxy on silicon. These make the GaAs layers more compatible with the existing silicon manufacturing technology that uses “quasi-nominal” substrates.
Structural, electronic and optical properties of well-known primary explosive: Mercury fulminate
Authors: Yedukondalu N. , Vaitheeswaran G.
Published: November 2015

Mercury Fulminate (MF) is one of the well-known primary explosives since 17th century and it has rendered invaluable service over many years. However, the correct molecular and crystal structures are determined recently after 300 years of its discovery. In the present study, we report pressure dependent structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of MF. Non-local correction methods have been employed to capture the weak van der Waals interactions in layered and molecular energetic MF. Among the non-local correction methods tested, optB88-vdW method works well for the investigated compound. The obtained equilibrium bulk modulus reveals that MF is softer than the well known primary explosives Silver Fulminate (SF), silver azide and lead azide. MF exhibits anisotropic compressibility (b > a > c) under pressure, consequently the corresponding elastic moduli decrease in the following order: C22 > C11 > C33. The structural and mechanical properties suggest that MF is more sensitive to detonate along c-axis (similar to RDX) due to high compressibility of Hg⋯O non-bonded interactions along that axis. Electronic structure and optical properties were calculated including spin-orbit (SO) interactions using full potential linearized augmented plane wave method within recently developed Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential. The calculated TB-mBJ electronic structures of SF and MF show that these compounds are indirect bandgap insulators. Also, SO coupling is found to be more pronounced for 4d and 5d-states of Ag and Hg atoms of SF and MF, respectively. Partial density of states and electron charge density maps were used to describe the nature of chemical bonding. Ag—C bond is more directional than Hg—C bond which makes SF to be more unstable than MF. The effect of SO coupling on optical properties has also been studied and found to be significant for both (SF and MF) of the compounds.
Binding constants of membrane-anchored receptors and ligands: A general theory corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Xu Guang-Kui , Hu Jinglei , Lipowsky Reinhard , Weikl Thomas R.
Published: November 2015

Adhesion processes of biological membranes that enclose cells and cellular organelles are essential for immune responses, tissue formation, and signaling. These processes depend sensitively on the binding constant K2D of the membrane-anchored receptor and ligand proteins that mediate adhesion, which is difficult to measure in the “two-dimensional” (2D) membrane environment of the proteins. An important problem therefore is to relate K2D to the binding constant K3D of soluble variants of the receptors and ligands that lack the membrane anchors and are free to diffuse in three dimensions (3D). In this article, we present a general theory for the binding constants K2D and K3D of rather stiff proteins whose main degrees of freedom are translation and rotation, along membranes and around anchor points “in 2D,” or unconstrained “in 3D.” The theory generalizes previous results by describing how K2D depends both on the average separation and thermal nanoscale roughness of the apposing membranes, and on the length and anchoring flexibility of the receptors and ligands. Our theoretical results for the ratio K2D/K3D of the binding constants agree with detailed results from Monte Carlo simulations without any data fitting, which indicates that the theory captures the essential features of the “dimensionality reduction” due to membrane anchoring. In our Monte Carlo simulations, we consider a novel coarse-grained model of biomembrane adhesion in which the membranes are represented as discretized elastic surfaces, and the receptors and ligands as anchored molecules that diffuse continuously along the membranes and rotate at their anchor points.
Binding kinetics of membrane-anchored receptors and ligands: Molecular dynamics simulations and theory
Authors: Hu Jinglei , Xu Guang-Kui , Lipowsky Reinhard , Weikl Thomas R.
Published: November 2015

The adhesion of biological membranes is mediated by the binding of membrane-anchored receptor and ligand proteins. Central questions are how the binding kinetics of these proteins is affected by the membranes and by the membrane anchoring of the proteins. In this article, we (i) present detailed data for the binding of membrane-anchored proteins from coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and (ii) provide a theory that describes how the binding kinetics depends on the average separation and thermal roughness of the adhering membranes and on the anchoring, lengths, and length variations of the proteins. An important element of our theory is the tilt of bound receptor-ligand complexes and transition-state complexes relative to the membrane normals. This tilt results from an interplay of the anchoring energy and rotational entropy of the complexes and facilitates the formation of receptor-ligand bonds at membrane separations smaller than the preferred separation for binding. In our simulations, we have considered both lipid-anchored and transmembrane receptor and ligand proteins. We find that the binding equilibrium constant and binding on-rate constant of lipid-anchored proteins are considerably smaller than the binding constant and on-rate constant of rigid transmembrane proteins with identical binding domains.
An integrable extension of a soliton hierarchy associated with so(3,ℝ) and its bi-Hamiltonian formulation
Authors: Manukure Solomon , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: November 2015

A hierarchy of soliton equations is constructed from an extended spectral problem associated with the three-dimensional special orthogonal real Lie algebra so(3,ℝ) by means of zero curvature equations. The bi-Hamiltonian structure of this hierarchy is also presented via the trace identity.
Inequalities between size and charge for bodies and the existence of black holes due to concentration of charge
Authors: Khuri Marcus A.
Published: November 2015

A universal inequality that bounds the charge of a body by its size is presented and is proven as a consequence of the Einstein equations in the context of initial data sets which satisfy an appropriate energy condition. We also present a general sufficient condition for the formation of black holes due to concentration of charge and discuss the physical relevance of these results.
Heterointerface design and strain tuning in epitaxial BiFeO3:CoFe2O4 nanocomposite films
Authors: Zhang Wenrui , Fan Meng , Li Leigang , Chen Aiping , Su Qing , Jia Quanxi , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2015

The ability to control the morphology of heterointerfaces with coupled functionalities is fascinating from both fundamental and technological perspectives. Here, using BiFeO3:CoFe2O4 vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) films as a model system, we demonstrate a simple and effective method to modulate the heterointerface and its morphology in nanocomposite films with pulsed laser deposition. By tuning the deposition frequency through thickness during film growth, both vertically straight and gradient heterointerfaces have been achieved. The modulated heterointerface is strongly correlated with strain tuning and interface coupling, and thus modifies the magnetic anisotropy, coercive fields, and ferroelectric switching behavior. This study provides a viable approach for tailoring the interface strain and coupling in VAN and achieving tunable physical properties.
A theoretical study of the dissociation of the sI methane hydrate induced by an external electric field
Authors: Luis D. P. , Herrera-Hernández E. C. , Saint-Martin H.
Published: November 2015

Molecular dynamics simulations in the equilibrium isobaric—isothermal (NPT) ensemble were used to examine the strength of an external electric field required to dissociate the methane hydrate sI structure. The water molecules were modeled using the four-site TIP4P/Ice analytical potential and methane was described as a simple Lennard-Jones interaction site. A series of simulations were performed at T = 260 K with P = 80 bars and at T = 285 K with P = 400 bars with an applied electric field ranging from 1.0 V nm−1 to 5.0 V nm−1. For both (T,P) conditions, applying a field greater than 1.5 V nm−1 resulted in the orientation of the water molecules such that an ice Ih–type structure was formed, from which the methane was segregated. When the simulations were continued without the external field, the ice-like structures became disordered, resulting in two separate phases: gas methane and liquid water.
Activation volume in heterogeneous deformation of Mg65Cu12.5Ni12.5(Ce75La25)10 metallic glass
Authors: Thurieau Nicolas , Perrière Loïc , Laurent-Brocq Mathilde , Champion Yannick
Published: November 2015

Depth variation at constant load in instrumented nano-indentation was used to measure activation volume controlling shear band formation in the Mg65Cu12.5Ni12.5(Ce75La25)10 metallic glass. A series of measurements revealed a large scattering of the data spanning from 100 Å3 to 800 Å3. The distribution of values, which is not following a normal one, may be attributed to the atomic structure of metallic glasses with the absence of long range order, leading to different volume fraction of shear bands for independent experiments. Activation volume is analyzed considering the variation of shear band volume fraction leading to a unique value of a true activation volume. An interpretation for the distribution of values is proposed.
Electron residual energy due to stochastic heating in field-ionized plasma
Authors: Khalilzadeh Elnaz , Yazdanpanah Jam , Jahanpanah Jafar , Chakhmachi Amir , Yazdani Elnaz
Published: November 2015

The electron residual energy originated from the stochastic heating in under-dense field-ionized plasma is investigated here. Initially, the optical response of plasma is modeled by using two counter-propagating electromagnetic waves. In this case, the solution of motion equation of a single electron indicates that by including the ionization, the electron with higher residual energy compared with that without ionization could be obtained. In agreement with chaotic nature of the motion, it is found that the electron residual energy will be significantly changed by applying a minor change in the initial conditions. Extensive kinetic 1D-3V particle-in-cell simulations have been performed in order to resolve full plasma reactions. In this way, two different regimes of plasma behavior are observed by varying the pulse length. The results indicate that the amplitude of scattered fields in a proper long pulse length is high enough to act as a second counter-propagating wave and trigger the stochastic electron motion. On the contrary, the analyses of intensity spectrum reveal the fact that the dominant scattering mechanism tends to Thomson rather than Raman scattering by increasing the pulse length. A covariant formalism is used to describe the plasma heating so that it enables us to measure electron temperature inside and outside of the pulse region.
Study of a contracted glow in low-frequency plasma-jet discharges operating with argon
Authors: Minotti F. , Giuliani L. , Xaubet M. , Grondona D.
Published: November 2015

In this work, we present an experimental and theoretical study of a low frequency, atmospheric plasma-jet discharge in argon. The discharge has the characteristics of a contracted glow with a current channel of submillimeter diameter and a relatively high voltage cathode layer. In order to interpret the measurements, we consider the separate modeling of each region of the discharge: main channel and cathode layer, which must then be properly matched together. The main current channel was modeled, extending a previous work, as similar to an arc in which joule heating is balanced by lateral heat conduction, without thermal equilibrium between electrons and heavy species. The cathode layer model, on the other hand, includes the emission of secondary electrons by ion impact and by additional mechanisms, of which we considered emission due to collision of atoms excited at metastable levels, and field-enhanced thermionic emission (Schottky effect). The comparison of model and experiment indicates that the discharge can be effectively sustained in its contracted form by the secondary electrons emitted by collision of excited argon atoms, whereas thermionic emission is by far insufficient to provide the necessary electrons.
Nonlinear interaction between surface plasmons and ion oscillations in a semi-bounded collisional quantum plasma
Authors: Khorashadizadeh S. M. , Taheri Boroujeni S. , Niknam A. R.
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we have investigated the nonlinear interaction between high-frequency surface plasmons and low-frequency ion oscillations in a semi-bounded collisional quantum plasma. By coupling the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and quantum hydrodynamic model, and taking into account the ponderomotive force, the dispersion equation is obtained. By solving this equation, it is shown that there is a modulational instability in the system, and collisions and quantum forces play significant roles on this instability. The quantum tunneling increases the phase and group velocities of the modulated waves and collisions increase the growth rate of the modulational instability. It is also shown that the effect of quantum forces and collisions is more significant in high modulated wavenumber regions.
Evolution of lower hybrid turbulence in the ionosphere
Authors: Ganguli G. , Crabtree C. , Mithaiwala M. , Rudakov L. , Scales W.
Published: November 2015

Three-dimensional evolution of the lower hybrid turbulence driven by a spatially localized ion ring beam perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field in space plasmas is analyzed. It is shown that the quasi-linear saturation model breaks down when the nonlinear rate of scattering by thermal electron is larger than linear damping rates, which can occur even for low wave amplitudes. The evolution is found to be essentially a three-dimensional phenomenon, which cannot be accurately explained by two-dimensional simulations. An important feature missed in previous studies of this phenomenon is the nonlinear conversion of electrostatic lower hybrid waves into electromagnetic whistler and magnetosonic waves and the consequent energy loss due to radiation from the source region. This can result in unique low-amplitude saturation with extended saturation time. It is shown that when the nonlinear effects are considered the net energy that can be permanently extracted from the ring beam is larger. The results are applied to anticipate the outcome of a planned experiment that will seed lower hybrid turbulence in the ionosphere and monitor its evolution.
Propagation characteristics of atmospheric-pressure He+O2 plasmas inside a simulated endoscope channel
Authors: Wang S. , Chen Z. Y. , Wang X. H. , Li D. , Yang A. J. , Liu D. X. , Rong M. Z. , Chen H. L. , Kong M. G.
Published: November 2015

Cold atmospheric-pressure plasmas have potential to be used for endoscope sterilization. In this study, a long quartz tube was used as the simulated endoscope channel, and an array of electrodes was warped one by one along the tube. Plasmas were generated in the inner channel of the tube, and their propagation characteristics in He+O2 feedstock gases were studied as a function of the oxygen concentration. It is found that each of the plasmas originates at the edge of an instantaneous cathode, and then it propagates bidirectionally. Interestingly, a plasma head with bright spots is formed in the hollow instantaneous cathode and moves towards its center part, and a plasma tail expands through the electrode gap and then forms a swallow tail in the instantaneous anode. The plasmas are in good axisymmetry when [O2] ≤ 0.3%, but not for [O2] ≥ 1%, and even behave in a stochastic manner when [O2] = 3%. The antibacterial agents are charged species and reactive oxygen species, so their wall fluxes represent the “plasma dosage” for the sterilization. Such fluxes mainly act on the inner wall in the hollow electrode rather than that in the electrode gap, and they get to the maximum efficiency when the oxygen concentration is around 0.3%. It is estimated that one can reduce the electrode gap and enlarge the electrode width to achieve more homogenous and efficient antibacterial effect, which have benefits for sterilization applications.
Long-time relaxation of photo-induced influence on BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Gu Jun-xing , Jin Kui-juan , Wang Le , He Xu , Guo Hai-zhong , Wang Can , He Meng , Yang Guo-zhen
Published: November 2015

An intuitively persistent enhancement of the local surface potential of BiFeO3 layers in both heterostructures of BiFeO3/SrRuO3/SrTiO3 and BiFeO3/Sr0.09Nb0.01TiO3 was observed by the Kelvin probe force microscopy technique after the illumination of 375 nm laser. This photo-induced enhanced surface potential can maintain as long as 15 h after the illumination. We attributed this super-long-time relaxation of photo-induced influence to a photo-induced depolarization in the BiFeO3 thin films, and our first-principles calculation of double-potential well further provides an instinct understanding on this depolarization process. Our findings provide a peculiar understanding into the photo-induced phenomena on the widely researched ferroelectric systems and offer an approach to tune their multifunctionality of the magnetization and polarization not only by applied magnetic and electric fields but also by optical filed.
Potential barrier heights at metal on oxygen-terminated diamond interfaces
Authors: Muret P. , Traoré A. , Maréchal A. , Eon D. , Pernot J. , Pinẽro J. C. , Villar M. P. , Araujo D.
Published: November 2015

Electrical properties of metal-semiconductor (M/SC) and metal/oxide/SC structures built with Zr or ZrO2 deposited on oxygen-terminated surfaces of (001)-oriented diamond films, comprised of a stack of lightly p-doped diamond on a heavily doped layer itself homoepitaxially grown on an Ib substrate, are investigated experimentally and compared to different models. In Schottky barrier diodes, the interfacial oxide layer evidenced by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy losses spectroscopy before and after annealing, and barrier height inhomogeneities accounts for the measured electrical characteristics until flat bands are reached, in accordance with a model which generalizes that by Tung [Phys. Rev. B 45, 13509 (1992)] and permits to extract physically meaningful parameters of the three kinds of interface: (a) unannealed ones, (b) annealed at 350 °C, (c) annealed at 450 °C with the characteristic barrier heights of 2.2–2.5 V in case (a) while as low as 0.96 V in case (c). Possible models of potential barriers for several metals deposited on well defined oxygen-terminated diamond surfaces are discussed and compared to experimental data. It is concluded that interface dipoles of several kinds present at these compound interfaces and their chemical evolution due to annealing are the suitable ingredients that are able to account for the Mott-Schottky behavior when the effect of the metal work function is ignored, and to justify the reverted slope observed regarding metal work function, in contrast to the trend always reported for all other metal-semiconductor interfaces.
Brillouin light scattering study of transverse mode coupling in confined yttrium iron garnet/barium strontium titanate multiferroic
Authors: Sadovnikov A. V. , Beginin E. N. , Bublikov K. V. , Grishin S. V. , Sheshukova S. E. , Sharaevskii Yu. P. , Nikitov S. A.
Published: November 2015

Using the space-resolved Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy we study the transformation of dynamic magnetization patterns in a bilayer multiferroic structure. We show that in the comparison with a single yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film magnetization distribution is transformed in the bilayer structure due to the coupling of waves propagating both in an YIG film (magnetic layer) and in a barium strontium titanate slab (ferroelectric layer). We present a simple electrodynamic model using the numerical finite element method to show the transformation of eigenmode spectrum of confined multiferroic. In particular, we demonstrate that the control over the dynamic magnetization and the transformation of spatial profiles of transverse modes in magnetic film of the bilayer structure can be performed by the tuning of the wavevectors of transverse modes. The studied confined multiferroic stripe can be utilized for fabrication of integrated dual tunable functional devices for magnonic applications.
Characteristics of the surface plasma wave in a self-gravitating magnetized dusty plasma slab
Authors: Lee Myoung-Jae , Jung Young-Dae
Published: November 2015

The dispersion properties of surface dust ion-acoustic waves in a self-gravitating magnetized dusty plasma slab are investigated. The dispersion relation is derived by using the low-frequency magnetized dusty dielectric function and the surface wave dispersion integral for the slab geometry. We find that the self-gravitating effect suppresses the frequency of surface dust ion-acoustic wave for the symmetric mode in the long wavelength regime, whereas it hardly changes the frequency for the anti-symmetric mode. As the slab thickness and the wave number increase, the surface wave frequency slowly decreases for the symmetric mode but increases significantly for the anti-symmetric mode. The influence of external magnetic field is also investigated in the case of symmetric mode. We find that the strength of the magnetic field enhances the frequency of the symmetric-mode of the surface plasma wave. The increase of magnetic field reduces the self-gravitational effect and thus the self-gravitating collapse may be suppressed and the stability of dusty objects in space is enhanced.
Plasmon resonance enhanced temperature-dependent photoluminescence of Si-V centers in diamond
Authors: Cheng Shaoheng , Song Jie , Wang Qiliang , Liu Junsong , Li Hongdong , Zhang Baolin
Published: November 2015

Temperature dependent optical property of diamond has been considered as a very important factor for realizing high performance diamond-based optoelectronic devices. The photoluminescence feature of the zero phonon line of silicon-vacancy (Si-V) centers in Si-doped chemical vapor deposited single crystal diamond (SCD) with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) induced by gold nanoparticles has been studied at temperatures ranging from liquid nitrogen temperature to 473 K, as compared with that of the SCD counterpart in absence of the LSPR. It is found that with LSPR the emission intensities of Si-V centers are significantly enhanced by factors of tens and the magnitudes of the redshift (width) of the emissions become smaller (narrower), in comparison with those of normal emissions without plasmon resonance. More interestingly, these strong Si-V emissions appear remarkably at temperatures up to 473 K, while the spectral feature was not reported in previous studies on the intrinsic Si-doped diamonds when temperatures are higher than room temperature. These findings would lead to reaching high performance diamond-based devices, such as single photon emitter, quantum cryptography, biomarker, and so forth, working under high temperature conditions.
Ignition threshold for non-Maxwellian plasmas
Authors: Hay Michael J. , Fisch Nathaniel J.
Published: November 2015

An optically thin p-11B plasma loses more energy to bremsstrahlung than it gains from fusion reactions, unless the ion temperature can be elevated above the electron temperature. In thermal plasmas, the temperature differences required are possible in small Coulomb logarithm regimes, characterized by high density and low temperature. Ignition could be reached more easily if the fusion reactivity can be improved with nonthermal ion distributions. To establish an upper bound for the potential utility of a nonthermal distribution, we consider a monoenergetic beam with particle energy selected to maximize the beam-thermal reactivity. Comparing deuterium-tritium (DT) and p-11B, the minimum Lawson criteria and minimum ρR required for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) volume ignition are calculated with and without the nonthermal feature. It turns out that channeling fusion alpha energy to maintain such a beam facilitates ignition at lower densities and ρR, improves reactivity at constant pressure, and could be used to remove helium ash. On the other hand, the reactivity gains that could be realized in DT plasmas are significant, the excess electron density in p-11B plasmas increases the recirculated power cost to maintain a nonthermal feature and thereby constrains its utility to ash removal.
The infrared spectrum of the Ne–C2D2 complex
Authors: Moazzen-Ahmadi N. , McKellar A. R. W. , Fernández Berta , Farrelly David
Published: November 2015

Infrared spectra of Ne–C2D2 are observed in the region of the ν3 fundamental band (asymmetric C–D stretch, ≈2440 cm−1) using a tunable optical parametric oscillator to probe a pulsed supersonic slit jet expansion from a cooled nozzle. Like helium-acetylene, this system lies close to the free rotor limit, making analysis tricky because stronger transitions tend to pile up close to monomer (C2D2) rotation-vibration transitions. Assignments are aided by predicted rotational energies calculated from a published ab initio intermolecular potential energy surface. The analysis extends up to the j = 3←2 band, where j labels C2D2 rotation within the dimer, and is much more complete than the limited infrared assignments previously reported for Ne–C2H2 and Ne–C2HD. Two previous microwave transitions within the j = 1 state of Ne–C2D2 are reassigned. Coriolis model fits to the theoretical levels and to the spectrum are compared. Since the variations observed as a function of C2D2 vibrational excitation are comparable to those noted between theory and experiment, it is evident that more detailed testing of theory will require vibrational averaging over the acetylene intramolecular modes.
Simultaneous piston position and tilt angle sensing for large vertical displacement micromirrors by frequency detection inductive sensing
Authors: Tseng V. F.-G. , Xie H.
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a frequency detection based inductive eddy current sensing mechanism to simultaneously sense the piston position and tilt angle of the mirror plate of large vertical displacement micromirrors that exhibit piston scan ranges above 100 μm. This is accomplished by sensing the inductance change, and thus resonant frequency shift, of two microfabricated sensing coils packaged underneath the mirror plate. For demonstration purpose, the coils were paired with discrete circuit components to oscillate at 11.9 MHz and 12.5 MHz, respectively. The piston position and tilt angle of the mirror plate could be simultaneously monitored over a 500 μm piston scan range, achieving a maximum piston sensitivity of 4.15 kHz/μm with a piston sensing resolution of 96 nm and a maximum tilt angle sensitivity of 60.5 kHz/° with a tilt angle sensing resolution of 0.0013°. Analytical modeling of the coil inductance change via image theory was also conducted, showing that the sensor sensitivity and resolution could be improved by increasing the coil oscillation frequency and decreasing the coil size.
Effect of hafnium doping on density of states in dual-target magnetron co-sputtering HfZnSnO thin film transistors
Authors: Huang Chuan-Xin , Li Jun , Fu Yi-Zhou , Zhang Jian-Hua , Jiang Xue-Yin , Zhang Zhi-Lin
Published: November 2015

This study investigates the effect of hafnium doping on the density of states (DOSs) in HfZnSnO thin film transistors fabricated by dual-target magnetron co-sputtering system. The DOSs is extracted by temperature-dependent field-effect measurements, and they decrease from 1.1 × 1017 to 4.6 × 1016 eV/cm3 with increasing the hafnium concentrations. The behavior of DOSs for the increasing hafnium concentration HfZnSnO thin film transistors can be confirmed by both the reduction of ΔVT under bias stress and the trapping charges calculated by capacitance voltage measurements. It suggests that the reduction in DOSs due to the hafnium doping is closely related with the bias stability and thermal stability.
Reflective frequency selective surface based on low-permittivity dielectric metamaterials
Authors: Yu Fei , Wang Jun , Wang Jiafu , Ma Hua , Du Hongliang , Xu Zhuo , Qu Shaobo
Published: November 2015

In this letter, the design of reflective frequency selective surface (RFSS) using low-permittivity dielectrics is proposed based on effective medium theory. The effective medium approach is based on quasi-static extension of the Maxwell-Garnett model. Unlike conventional RFSSs, such RFSS is composed of low-permittivity dielectrics rather than high-permittivity or metallic materials. By drilling periodic hole arrays in multi-layer continuum dielectric plates, strong electric and magnetic resonances are introduced to produce drastic changes in effective parameters, leading to impedance mismatch and band-stop response. The band-stop response can be tailored by adjusting the size and spacing of the unit cell. As an example, an RFSS with rectangular hole element is demonstrated at K-band. The mechanism is analyzed by presenting the effective electromagnetic parameters and dynamic field distributions. A prototype was fabricated and measured. Excellent agreements between measured and simulated results were obtained. The method can also be used to design RFSS in THz and optical frequencies.
Rotational dynamics of a diatomic molecular ion in a Paul trap
Authors: Hashemloo A. , Dion C. M.
Published: November 2015

We present models for a heteronuclear diatomic molecular ion in a linear Paul trap in a rigid-rotor approximation, one purely classical and the other where the center-of-mass motion is treated classically, while rotational motion is quantized. We study the rotational dynamics and their influence on the motion of the center-of-mass, in the presence of the coupling between the permanent dipole moment of the ion and the trapping electric field. We show that the presence of the permanent dipole moment affects the trajectory of the ion and that it departs from the Mathieu equation solution found for atomic ions. For the case of quantum rotations, we also evidence the effect of the above-mentioned coupling on the rotational states of the ion.
Theoretical discovery of stable structures of group III-V monolayers: The materials for semiconductor devices
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuo
Published: November 2015

Group III-V compounds are very important as the materials of semiconductor devices. Stable structures of the monolayers of group III-V binary compounds have been discovered by using first-principles calculations. The primitive unit cell of the discovered structures is a rectangle, which includes four group-III atoms and four group-V atoms. A group-III atom and its three nearest-neighbor group-V atoms are placed on the same plane; however, these connections are not the sp2 hybridization. The bond angles around the group-V atoms are less than the bond angle of sp3 hybridization. The discovered structure of GaP is an indirect transition semiconductor, while the discovered structures of GaAs, InP, and InAs are direct transition semiconductors. Therefore, the discovered structures of these compounds have the potential of the materials for semiconductor devices, for example, water splitting photocatalysts. The discovered structures may become the most stable structures of monolayers which consist of other materials.
Magnetostructural transition and magnetocaloric effect in MnNiSi-Fe2Ge system
Authors: Zhang C. L. , Shi H. F. , Ye E. J. , Nie Y. G. , Han Z. D. , Qian B. , Wang D. H.
Published: November 2015

Magnetostructural transition from ferromagnetic orthorhombic phase to paramagnetic hexagonal phase can be obtained by chemically alloying appropriate amount of Fe2Ge into MnNiSi. The magnetostructural transition temperature is tunable in a wide temperature range of about 280 K. Saturation moment of the ferromagnetic orthorhombic phase increases from 2.62 μB/f.u. to 3.17 μB/f.u. with Fe2Ge-doping. The magnetostructural transition is accompanied by a large change of magnetization over 80 Am2/kg under magnetic field of 5 T. Relatively large magnetic entropy changes and working temperature ranges were observed in the vicinity of room temperature. Our findings suggest that MnNiSi-Fe2Ge material system is a promising platform for tunable magnetostructural transition and the associated magnetocaloric effect.
Terahertz waves radiated from two noncollinear femtosecond plasma filaments
Authors: Du Hai-Wei , Hoshina Hiromichi , Otani Chiko , Midorikawa Katsumi
Published: November 2015

Terahertz (THz) waves radiated from two noncollinear femtosecond plasma filaments with a crossing angle of 25° are investigated. The irradiated THz waves from the crossing filaments show a small THz pulse after the main THz pulse, which was not observed in those from single-filament scheme. Since the position of the small THz pulse changes with the time-delay of two filaments, this phenomenon can be explained by a model in which the small THz pulse is from the second filament. The denser plasma in the overlap region of the filaments changes the movement of space charges in the plasma, thereby changing the angular distribution of THz radiation. As a result, this schematic induces some THz wave from the second filament to propagate along the path of the THz wave from the first filament. Thus, this schematic alters the direction of the THz radiation from the filamentation, which can be used in THz wave remote sensing.
The effect of atomic structure on interface spin-polarization of half-metallic spin valves: Co2MnSi/Ag epitaxial interfaces
Authors: Nedelkoski Zlatko , Hasnip Philip J. , Sanchez Ana M. , Kuerbanjiang Balati , Higgins Edward , Oogane Mikihiko , Hirohata Atsufumi , Bell Gavin R. , Lazarov Vlado K.
Published: November 2015

Using density functional theory calculations motivated by aberration-corrected electron microscopy, we show how the atomic structure of a fully epitaxial Co2MnSi/Ag interfaces controls the local spin-polarization. The calculations show clear difference in spin-polarization at Fermi level between the two main types: bulk-like terminated Co/Ag and Mn-Si/Ag interfaces. Co/Ag interface spin-polarization switches sign from positive to negative, while in the case of Mn-Si/Ag, it is still positive but reduced. Cross-sectional atomic structure analysis of Co2MnSi/Ag interface, part of a spin-valve device, shows that the interface is determined by an additional layer of either Co or Mn. The presence of an additional Mn layer induces weak inverse spin-polarisation (−7%), while additional Co layer makes the interface region strongly inversely spin-polarized (−73%). In addition, we show that Ag diffusion from the spacer into the Co2MnSi electrode does not have a significant effect on the overall Co2MnSi /Ag performance.
A laminar flow microfluidic fuel cell for detection of hexavalent chromium concentration
Authors: Ye Dingding , Yang Yang , Li Jun , Zhu Xun , Liao Qiang , Zhang Biao
Published: November 2015

An electrochemical hexavalent chromium concentration sensor based on a microfluidic fuel cell is presented. The correlation between current density and chromium concentration is established in this report. Three related operation parameters are investigated, including pH values, temperature, and external resistance on the sensor performance. The results show that the current density increases with increasing temperature and the sensor produces a maximum regression coefficient at the catholyte pH value of 1.0. Moreover, it is found that the external resistance has a great influence on the linearity and current densities of the microfluidic sensor. Owing to the membraneless structure and the steady co-laminar flow inside the microchannel, the microfluidic sensor exhibits short response time to hexavalent chromium concentration. The laminar flow fuel cell sensor provides a new and simple method for detecting hexavalent chromium concentration in the industrial wastewater.
STING activation of tumor endothelial cells initiates spontaneous and therapeutic antitumor immunity
Authors: Demaria Olivier , De Gassart Aude , Coso Sanja , Gestermann Nicolas , Di Domizio Jeremy , Flatz Lukas , Gaide Olivier , Michielin Olivier , Hwu Patrick , Petrova Tatiana V. , Martinon Fabio , Modlin Robert L. , Speiser Daniel E. , Gilliet Michel
Published: November 2015

Significance

Tumor recognition by the immune system can occur spontaneously but has usually little impact on tumor growth. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive these responses could be exploited therapeutically to generate efficacious antitumor immunity. Here, we show that stimulator of IFN genes (STING), a molecule involved in cytosolic DNA sensing and required for the generation of spontaneous antitumor immune responses, can be targeted by intratumoral injection of cGAMP to boost antitumor immunity and to control tumor growth. The immune response induced by therapeutic but also spontaneous STING activation was dependent on type I IFN produced by endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment, unraveling an unexpected role of the tumor vasculature in the initiation of spontaneous and therapeutic antitumor immunity via STING.
Temporal fate mapping reveals age-linked heterogeneity in naive T lymphocytes in mice
Authors: Hogan Thea , Gossel Graeme , Yates Andrew J. , Seddon Benedict
Published: November 2015

Significance

T cells are essential components of vertebrate immune systems, but the mechanisms by which they are maintained are still poorly defined. Existing methods infer cell lifetimes and division rates using DNA labeling of dividing cells, but do not resolve heterogeneity in population dynamics well. We present a novel experimental system that, when combined with mathematical models, yields kinetic parameters and allows us to measure the effect of a cell’s age on its ability to survive and divide. Our approach quantifies lymphocyte dynamics over a year of a mouse’s life and reveals a first-in, last-out structure in which subpopulations of naive T cells generated early in life persist with slower kinetics and resist displacement by newer specificities.