bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION OF DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES ALONG ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS IN THE SEVERN RIVER ESTUARY, CHESAPEAKE BAY, MARYLAND1
Authors: Wilderman Candice C.
Published: August 2010

Distribution patterns of diatoms from natural substrates and surface waters of the Severn River, Maryland, are related to salinity and seasonal gradients through time and space by minimum spanning tree cluster analysis and principal components analysis. Assemblages were found to be distributed in a complex but orderly fashion, with primary discontinuties occurring between seasons, and between planktonic and attached forms. Within seasons, benthic groupings are distributed as continua along a horizontal salinity gradient, with one discontinuity at a location with a mean salinity of approximately 7%o. Downstream from this discontinuity, most species do not follow the changing salinity patterns from season to season, and are considered euryhaline for a salinity range of 8–16%o. Upstream from this discontinuity there is a relatively distinct and persistent assemblage of oligohaline indicators. Evidence derived by comparing this study with similar studies from Oregon estuaries indicates that similar distribution patterns, community structures and taxa can be expected to occur in estuaries on the east and west coasts of North America.
Tailoring the Microstructure of Cement‐Bonded Alumina–Magnesia Refractory Castables
Authors: Braulio Mariana A. L. , Pandolfelli Victor C.
Published: August 2010

Nature has various hierarchical structural materials, which show a high work of fracture despite the brittle characteristics of most of their constituents. This aspect is mainly a consequence of the appropriate alignment of mineral platelets and organic protein layers. As organic materials do not attain the high‐temperature working conditions of the refractory castables, an alternative should be considered in order to provide suitable thermo‐mechanical behavior (high creep and thermal shock resistance). Taking into account the usual microstructure of cement‐bonded alumina–magnesia refractory castables, comprising low‐temperature melting point phases in the CaO–MgO–Al2O3‐–SiO2 system and calcium hexaluminate (CA6) platelets, this material could be a good candidate to be designed based on the structure of biological materials, but fit to the high‐temperature working conditions. Therefore, this work addresses the evaluation of different liquid sources (transient or not) in order to master the CA6 grain morphology, their location, and stability in the castable's microstructure. As a consequence, outstanding creep resistance was attained, pointing out suitable alternatives to design technological bioinspired refractory castables.
Antigenic Heterogeneity of Waldenström Type γM‐Globulins
Authors: Harboe M. , Deverill J. , Godal H. C.
Published: August 2010

By immunization of rabbits with isolated γM‐globulin from patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia and absorption with normal serum, an antiserum was obtained (R 112) that precipitated sera from some, but not all, patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. The antigen was localized to the heavy polypeptide chain of the γM‐globulin molecule. A similar heterogeneity was suggested in normal γM‐globulin.
A Case of Myeloma with a Pathological Protein in the α1‐Globulin Fraction
Authors: Adner Per Lennart , Laurell Carl‐Bertil
Published: August 2010

Serum from a patient with myeloma was found to contain a pathological protein of α1‐mobility. Laboratory studies including immunological analysis, Sephadex filtration and heat denaturation revealed that the unusual serum protein was a Bence‐Jones protein of antigenic type L identical with the excreted urinary protein.
On the Degradation Products of Fibrinogen or Fibrin after Infusion of Streptokinase in Patients with Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Niléhn Jan‐Erik , Robertson Bertil
Published: August 2010

Twelve patients with a history of thrombo‐embolic disease for more than 4 days were given a four‐fold titrated initial dose of streptokinase during 2 hours. The fibrinolytic response was investigated and the split products of fibrinogen and/or fibrin studied with immunological technique. The end products of fibrinogen or fibrin degradation (D and E) could be traced for 24 to 48 hours after the infusion of SK.
The Effect of Desferrioxamine on Iron Metabolism in Man. II
Authors: Hallberg Leif , Hedenberg Lars
Published: August 2010

The influence of an increased haemolysis on the urinary iron excretion after the administration of desferrioxamine (DF) was studied in a series of experiments. An increased haemolysis was induced by transfusing stored red cells, by injecting nicotinic acid or by infusing antibody‐coated red cells. The results indicate that under normal conditions, the urinary iron excreted with DF does not originate from destroyed red cells.

Iron absorbed from the intestines is no probable source of the iron excreted in the urine with DF, as judged from a study in which the iron excretion was compared during periods with iron‐rich and iron‐free diets.

The results of our present and previous studies indicate that stored iron is the probable main source of the iron excreted with DF in the urine.
Three M‐Components in Serum from an Apparently Healthy Person
Authors: Jensen K. , Jensen K. Birger , Olesen H.
Published: August 2010

In serum from an apparently healthy male, three M‐components were found by Immunoelectrophoresis, γA (α2κ2), γG (γ2κ2and γM (μ2Λ2)6). No Bence Jones proteins were present in serum or urine.
Comparative Studies on Polymer‐Type Serum and Exocrine IgA
Authors: BALLIEUX RUDY E. , STOOP JAN W. , ZEGERS BEN J. M.
Published: August 2010

Polymer‐type IgA from serum, reflected in high molecular weight A‐myeloma globulins were studied in the ultracentrifuge, by starch gel electrophoresis and by antigenic analysis. Size heterogeneity was confirmed. No antigenic differences were found between the monomer and the polymer of serum IgA.

Peptic digestion of 10 S IgA revealed that the polymerising tendency residues in the Fc‐fragment of the molecule. No antigenic structures, specific for exocrine IgA (colostrum, saliva) could be demonstrated in polymer‐type IgA of serum origin.
Apparent Molecular Weight of Erythropoietin Determined by Gel Filtration
Authors: Olesen H. , Fogh Jan
Published: August 2010

The apparent molecular weight of urinary erythropoietin has been estimated by Sephadex G‐200 gel filtration. A value of 62,000 was obtained. The Stokes radius is 3.40 mγ.
The Toa Micro Cell Counter
Authors: Helleman P. W. , Benjamin C. J.
Published: August 2010

Our study shows that the principle on which detection in the Toa micro cell counter is based, differs from the principle underlying detection in the Coulter counter.

Detection in the Toa counter is based on the fact that a particle passing the capillary produces an impulse by virtue of a change in capacity. This is in accordance with the views of the manufacturer of the Toa counter.

A non‐linear relation is found between the amplitudes of impulses produced by erythrocytes in the Toa counter and the Coulter counter. Because the relation between the volumes of the erythrocytes and the amplitudes of the impulses they produce in the Coulter counter is linear, this relation is not linear in the Toa counter. It is established that the cause of this alinearity must be sought in the way in which the impulse is generated in the transducer.
Differences in the Proliferative Activity of Myelocytes from Bone Marrow, Spleen and Peripheral Blood in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Brandt Lars
Published: August 2010

Cells from bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood from 8 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia were incubated with tritiated thymidine under standardized conditions. The labelling of myelocytes was determined by autoradiography after incubation for 10, 20 and 40 minutes. Maximal labelling was observed after 40 minutes of incubation with an equal proportion of myelocytes labelled in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood. However, the rate of thymidine incorporation in spleen myelocytes increased with increasing signs of relapse. There was no such increase in the rate of incorporation in the bone marrow and peripheral blood myelocytes. On the contrary, in the bone marrow the lowest rate of thymidine incorporation was seen in relapse. In one patient examined before and during treatment with busulphan, treatment caused a reduction of the rate of thymidine uptake into the spleen myelocytes. There was no effect on the incorporation of thymidine into bone marrow or blood myelocytes. One patient examined just prior to a blastic crisis was found to have a strongly reduced rate of thymidine uptake into the spleen myelocytes. The results indicate differences in the proliferative activity of granulopoietic tissue in bone marrow and spleen. The differences become more pronounced with increasing leucocyte counts.
Stem Cell Leukaemia in Myelomatosis
Authors: Andersen Erik , Videbæk Aage
Published: August 2010

Four patients with myelomatosis of long duration developed, as a late phenomenon acute leukaemia with typical myeloblasts in bone marrow and peripheral blood. They had been treated with nitrogen mustard derivatives: two with melphalan, one with cyclophosphamide and one with both drugs. No other common factors with a hypothetical leukaemogenic effect could be demonstrated. It could be that termination of myelomatosis in acute leukaemia is a not‐uncommon, but till now overlooked, phenomenon.
Study of the Clotting, Esterase and Platelet Aggregating Activities of Thrombin, Acetylated Thrombin and Reptilase®
Authors: TANGEN O. , BYGDEMAN S.
Published: August 2010

The ability of thrombin, acetylated thrombin and Reptilaser̀ to aggregate suspensions of gel filtered human and rabbit platelets in a protein free medium has been investigated. Thrombin had a pronounced aggregating effect in contrast to acetylated thrombin and Reptilaser̀ which did not aggregate platelets from any of two species and in any concentrations tested. These results indicate that the esterase activity of thrombin, which is retained in the acetylated enzyme, is not related to the platelet aggregating capacity of thrombin. The proteolytic activity of thrombin is a more likely candidate for the role of platelet aggregation. However, the particular proteolytic activity resulting in the hydrolysis of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen does not seem to be involved, as Reptilaser̀ has no platelet aggregating effect.
Renal Ischaemia, Hypoxic Hypoxia and Erythropoietin Production
Authors: Živný Jaroslav , Kolc Jiří , Málek Prokop , Neuwirt Jan
Published: August 2010

Erythropoietin activity in the plasma and in some experiments in the lymph of sheep and rats after unilateral or bilateral45, 90, and 120 min total renal artery constriction and/or after 120 min exposure to decreased atmospheric pressure in a hypobaric chamber, was tested. Erythropoietin activity after exposure of the animals to hypoxic hypoxia was increased, but erythropoietin activity was not demonstrated after unilateral and bilateral total renal artery constriction. It is suggested that the ability of the kidney after the total renal artery constriction to produce erythropoietin or the ‘renal erythropoietic factor’ (REF) may be damaged, or has not been activated by the plasma factor, or the REF has not been stored in the ischaemic kidney. Plasma‐erythropoietin activity in the rat was significantly higher than in the sheep. It is evident that the erythropoietin (EP) production differs in various species.
Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Factors in Burned Rats
Authors: Rammer Lennart
Published: August 2010

After a standardized, sublethal, third degree thermal injury in the rat, serial coagulation and fibrinolysis factor determinations were performed. The results showed slight depressions of platelets, fibrinogen, factor V and Normotest values during the first hours after the burn, but previous heparinization did not influence the platelet and fibrinogen values. During the following days a considerable increase in fibrinogen, Normotest values and platelet count was found. Shortly after the burn there was enhanced fibrinolytic activity in plasma, which then gradually declined, and during the following days the lytic activity of euglobulin and plasma on fibrin plates was normal. The plasminogen concentration remained low for several days post‐burn. After 2 and 3 days an increased level of urokinase inhibitors and antiplasmin was found. Plasminogen activators in the lung and kidney 2 days post‐burn, measured histochemically and as the lytic activity of saline extracts on fibrin plates, were normal.
Antmaemophilic Factor A (F VIII) and Serum Fibrin‐Fibrinogen Degradation Products in Hepatic Cirrhosis
Authors: Outryve M. van , Baele G. , Weerdt G. A. de , Barbier F.
Published: August 2010

Several coagulation parameters were examined in 82 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. An increase of F VIII levels was found in 72 % of the cases. This raise was not correlated with the gravity, nor with the etiology of the hepatic cirrhosis. Increased serum fibrin‐flbrinogen degradation products were found in 11 cases (13 %). Only 3 of them also had a hypofibrinogenaemia. It is concluded that the frequency and the intensity of clinically important disseminated intravascular coagulation or of primary fibrinolysis, both described in hepatic cirrhosis, are quite low.
Possible Mechanism of Vinblastine‐Induced Thrombocytosis
Authors: Klener P. , Donner L. , Hynčica V. , ŠAfránková D.
Published: August 2010

Following administration of lower doses of vinca alkaloids a significant thrombocytosis can develop. The authors have attempted to explain the mechanism of this phenomenon.

40 female rats of the Wistar strain were sublethally irradiated from a60Co cobalt source. The postradiation depression phase as well as the regeneration phase (depending on intact stem cells) has an approximately parallel course in erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocyte lines. When vinblastine was administered during the period of depression, the platelet count was restored more rapidly and even significant thrombocytosis appeared. The authors suggest that this might be due to increased stem cell differentiation into the megakaryocyte compartment.
Soluble Fibrin and Fibrinogen‐Derived Material in the Kidneys during Low‐Graded Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) in Rabbits
Authors: Slaastad R. A. , Husby G. , Skjörten F.
Published: August 2010

During a 24 h infusion of highly diluted thromboplastin (Simplastin), high plasma levels of fibrinogen and of factor V, and a moderate drop in thrombocyte count were observed. In addition, a positive ethanol test was consistently found. At autopsy, immunofluorescent technique revealed deposits of fibrinogen‐like material in the kidneys, whereas light microscopy gave equivocal results. No deposits were found in control animals by either technique. The associated finding of a positive ethanol test and deposited fibrinogen‐like material by immunofluorescent technique suggests that the ethanol test may be of value for the diagnosis of low‐grade disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Chromosome Banding Pattern in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: Mitelman Felix , Brandt Lars
Published: August 2010

Using the Giemsa technique the chromosome banding pattern was determined in bone marrow cells of 10 untreated patients with a recent diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia. 5 patients had a completely normal banding pattern whereas 5 patients had cells with karyotypic abnormalities. The latter group included one case with a pseudodiploid karyotype which would not have been detected by previous techniques. In the total material the karyotype analyses of the abnormal metaphases indicated a non random involvement of chromosomes nos. 8, 21 and the X chromosome.
Cytogenetic Studies in Myelomatosis
Authors: Jensen Mogens Krogh , Eriksen Jan , Djernes Birgitte Wilton
Published: August 2010

Cytogenetic studies have been carried out on bone marrow aspirates from 25 patients with myelomatosis. Abnormal stem lines were present in 7 of the patients; the remainder had a diploid chromosome complement. In most patients — also in those without an abnormal clone — some metaphases had a blurred appearance similar to that seen in bone marrow aspirates from patients with acute leukaemia. In many of the chromosome preparations obtained before cytostatic therapy some metaphases with structural aberrations of the chromosomes were seen. Evidence is presented that in the patients with abnormal stem lines in the bone marrow, the chromosome abnormalities are confined to the myeloma cells and are not found in the erythrocytic or granulocytic precursors, which thus do not seem to be involved by the neoplastic process. Based on the present results and on a review of the relevant literature some general cytogenetic features are emphasized which may contribute to a better understanding of the disorder. Especially, it is demonstrated that in myelomatosis the cytogenetic changes are much more uniform than in other malignant disorders with the exception of chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Erythrocyte Pyruvate Kinase Activity in Patients with Haematological Malignancies
Authors: Tanphaichitr VoravarnS. , van Eys Jan
Published: August 2010

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was decreased in patients with acute myelomonoblastic leukaemia (AML) and lymphosarcoma cell leukaemia (LSAL) but increased in patients with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML). There was no difference in the enzyme activity betwean controls and relatives of patients with AML. PK activity in patients with ALL during complete remission was higher than during untreated and relapsed stages. These data provided evidence that the altered enzyme activity is acquired rather than genetic. There was a positive correlation between PK activity and red cell creatine levels. The red cell creatine was low in patients with AML but high in patients with CML. This suggests that the altered enzyme activity in these patients is at least in part due to red cell age.
INFLUENCE OF FOOD ON THE ABSORPTION FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRON TABLETS
Authors: Ekenved Gunnar , Arvidsson Bertil , Sölvell Lennart
Published: August 2010

The influence of a standardized breakfast meal on the absorption of iron from two types of iron tablets ‐ rapidly‐disintegrating and slow‐release tablets ‐ was studied in 24 healthy subjects, using a serum iron technique and whole‐body counter measurements. The meal markedly reduced the absorption of iron from both types of tablets. An 8‐fold reduction was found with the rapidly‐disintegrating tablets and a 3‐fold reduction with the slow‐release tablets. Under fasting conditions the rapidly‐disintegrating tablets were significantly better absorbed than the slow‐release tablets, whereas the reverse was found when the tablets were given with the meal.
Plasma Iron and Erythrocytic Glutathione Peroxidase Activity
Authors: CELLERINO R. , GUIDI G. , PERONA G.
Published: August 2010

The red cell glutathione‐peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity of 9 normal subjects is compared with that of 15 cases of iron deficiency anaemia and with 13 cases of heterozygous beta‐thalassaemia with the same degree of anaemia and hypochromia. 2 cases of sideroblastic anaemia with high serum iron levels were also examined. Enzymatic activity was found to be significantly decreased in iron deficiency anaemia (about 55 % of normal range), while it was not affected in heterozygous betathalassaemia and it was increased in the 2 cases of sideroblastic anaemia.

Moreover, GSH‐Px activity exhibited a significant correlation with serum iron levels in all the patients studied.

The observed modifications in GSH‐Px activity are not correlated with erythrocyte ageing because reticulocyte‐poor fractions exhibited GSH‐Px activity which was not significantly reduced in respect of the reticulocyte‐rich ones.

These data seem to suggest that iron has a crucial connection with erythrocyte GSH‐Px and that the enzyme deficiency may be of some importance in explaining the decreased red cell survival observed in severe iron‐deficiency anaemias.
Thrombin‐Induced Platelet Prostaglandin and Cyclic AMP Production and a Possible Intrinsic Modulation of Platelet Function*
Authors: DROLLER MICHAEL J.
Published: August 2010

In previous studies, we observed an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP in platelets during thrombin‐induced nucleotide and calcium release. Our present work suggests that platelet prostaglandins are directly involved in this phenomenon. Washed human platelets were incubated at 37°C with human thrombin for times ranging between 5 s and 5 min. The release of nucleotides and calcium in response to thrombin, determined spectrophotometrically, reached 40–60% of maximal plateau levels by 5 s, 70–80% by 10 s, and 90–100% by 15 s. The production and secretion of prostaglandin E (PGE), measured by radioimmunoassay, parelleled this rapid time course. After 10 s, however, the amount of extracellular PGE began to decrease, continuing to do so through 5 min of incubation. Intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation, determined by radioimmunoassay, lagged behind the time course of nucleotide and calcium release, and that of PGE secretion, by several seconds. This lag in cyclic AMP accumulation appeared to correlate closely with the disappearance of PGE from the supernate in the same platelet samples. In view of the inhibitory effects of cyclic AMP and PGE on platelet release and aggregation, these interrelated time course curves suggest the existence within platelets of a mechanism for the modulation of platelet activity.
Studies on Iron Stores Built up by an Iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, Ferastral®, in Man
Authors: OLSSON K. S.
Published: August 2010

The characteristics of iron stores built up by a new parenteral iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, Ferastral®, have been studied in iron depleted non‐anemic blood donors. The results from studies on the first three subjects are presented.

The availability of this storage iron for the chelator, desferrioxamine, was found to be in the same range as normal iron stores. The pattern of distribution in reticuloendothelial cells of the bone marrow could not be differentiated from natural storage iron. No visible iron could be detected in liver parenchymal cells 40 days after iron administration.

The results from these preliminary studies suggests normal bioavailability of this material for Hb‐synthesis. The absence of iron in liver parenchymal cells might be explained by the short time interval between the iron administration and the fine needle aspiration biopsy.
Interaction between Ferastral® and Plasma Factors
Authors: FIELDING JACK , DONEY VALERIE
Published: August 2010

Ferastral®, iron‐poly (sorbitol‐gluconic acid) complex, in aqueous solution is completely adsorbed by magnesium carbonate; Ferastral in serum solution is only partially adsorbed by magnesium carbonate. Adsorption by magnesium carbonate removes the fraction of Ferastral in serum solution which donates iron more readily to transferrin. It is suggested that this fraction comprises the smaller molecular species of the Ferastral complex and that these species have a faster rate of absorption from an intramuscular injection site than the larger molecular species of the iron complex preparation. These findings shed some light on the patterns of serum transferrin bound iron compared with serum Ferastral concentrations which occur with time after intramuscular Ferastral injection.
Stem Cell (CFU‐C) Proliferation and Emergence in a Case of Chronic Granulocytic Leukaemia: The Role of the Spleen
Authors: Bagby Grover C.
Published: August 2010

Markedly increased numbers of CFU‐C are characteristically found in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). The likely sources of these circulating CFU‐C are the spleen and/or bone marrow. Using the double layer agar technique we measured peripheral blood cloning efficiency serially, prior to and after splenectomy in a man with CGL. In addition we measured cloning efficiencies of splenic venous blood, spleen cell suspensions, and marrow cell suspensions on the day of surgery. In order to estimate the proliferative status of CFU‐C, peripheral blood cells as well as spleen and marrow cell suspensions were exposed to cytosine arabino‐side for 60 min prior to culture.

Peripheral blood cloning efficiency (155 ± 8 colonies / 2 times 105 cells) decreased markedly (10 ± 3) after splenectomy. Cloning efficiency of splenic venous blood (288 ± 34) was twice that of peripheral venous blood. The surviving fraction of splenic CFU‐C after exposure to cytosine arabinoside was 16 % compared to survivals of 67 % and 66 % for marrow and peripheral blood CFU‐C respectively. We conclude that the spleen was primarily responsible for the release of CFU‐C into the peripheral blood and that the splenic microenvironment may have exerted a more marked stimulatory effect on the replicative activity of CFU‐C than did the microenvironment of the marrow.
Facial Nerve Palsy in Acute Leukaemia
Authors: Lilleyman J. S. , Antoniou A. G. , Sugden P. J.
Published: August 2010

During a three year period, of 62 children and adults seen with lymphoblastic leukaemia 6 developed unilateral facial paralysis during the course of their disease, compared to none of 54 adults and children with acute non‐lymphatic leukaemia seen during the same period.

In all cases the problem arose in patients with refractory disease and was associated with the development of resistant bone marrow infiltration. The neuropathy showed no obvious response to intrathecal therapy and whilst meningeal infiltration was present at some stage in all but one of the 6, this waxed and waned independently of the facial palsy.

Four of the 6 cases described had stigmata of the T‐cell variety of lymphoblastic leukaemia, which is a significantly higher proportion than would be expected by chance. This apparent association with T‐cell disease has not been previously recognised.
Non‐Specific and Specific Effects of a Granulocytic Bio‐Inhibitor on Different Haematopoietic Cell Populations
Authors: Vilpo Ja
Published: August 2010

The effect of a leucocyte conditioned medium derivative on the 5‐125iodo‐2′‐deoxy‐uridine (125I‐UdR) uptake by 6 haematopoietic cell populations with a simple in vitro assay system was tested. The low doses of the test substance ‐ a putative granulocytic chalone ‐ inhibited significantly the uptake of125I‐UdR only in predominantly granulocytic cell cultures. This inhibition was achieved using μg/ml concentrations, which have previously been shown to be inhibitory to normal and malignant granulocytic cells in vivo.

The test preparations inhibited the uptake of125I‐UdR in all cell populations (non‐granulocytic included) when doses exceeding 10 μg/ml were used. The prerequisite for an adequate demonstration of the specificity of a bio‐inhibitor is discussed.
The Peripheral Platelet Count and the Isoprenaline‐Induced Splenic Platelet Pooling in Response to Beta‐Adrenoceptor Blockade
Authors: Fredén Krister , Vilén Lars , Lundborg Per , Olsson Lars‐Bertil , Kutti Jack
Published: August 2010

Previous reports have shown that a single, oral dose of 50 mg metoprolol (a selective beta‐1‐receptor antagonist) causes a significant increase in the peripheral platelet count by releasing platelets from the spleen. In the present study 201 healthy volunteers received 50 mg metoprolol and 40 mg propranolol orally. Both drugs induced a statistically significant increase in the platelet count lasting more than 5 h. In addition, the effect of metoprolol and propranolol on beta‐adrenoceptor mediated splenic platelet trapping was studied on 7 healthy subjects who received intravenous infusions of isoprenaline before and after the ingestion of these 2 beta‐blocking drugs. It was demonstrated that the isoprenaline mediated decrease in the venous platelet count was diminished by both propranolol and metoprolol but the former compound appeared to be more potent in this respect. We conclude that both selective and non‐selective beta‐receptor blockade causes an increase in the peripheral platelet concentration during rest as well as during beta‐adrenoceptor stimulation.
HLA Antigens in Immunologic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
Authors: Mueller‐Eckhardt Christian , Mayr Wolfgang , Lechner Klaus , Mueller‐Eckhardt Gertrud , Niessner Herwig , Pralle Hans
Published: August 2010

79 patients with definite ITP were investigated for HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C antigens. There was an increased frequency of HLA‐B5 in the entire group (27.8 % vs. 16.5 % in controls) and for HLA‐B12 in male patients. However, after correction for the number of antigens tested, the difference of antigen frequencies became insignificant.
Antibody‐Dependent Monocyte‐Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: Kragballe Knud , Ellegaard Jørgen , Herlin Troels
Published: August 2010

Mononuclear cells were allowed to adhere to plastic surfaces at 37°C. Lowering of the temperature was followed by detachment of the adherent cells, and recovery as well as purity of monocytes reached a maximum at 4°C. After 10 min at 4°C most of the cells had detached and after 30 min no further detachment could be observed. In this way a mean recovery of 69% of the monocytes was achieved. 18% of the monocytes originally present in the crude mononuclear cell suspension were lost in the non‐adherent cell fraction and the remaining 13% were still adherent at 4°C. Judged from esterase staining 93% of the cells in the detached suspensions were monocytes. The mitogen responsiveness of cells in these suspensions parallelled the number of lymphocytes present. The purity of monocytes in the final cell preparation was inversely proportional to the number of lymphocytes originally present in the mononuclear cell suspensions.
Pregnancy and Parturition in a Patient with Severe Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia
Authors: Sundqvist Siv‐Britt , Nilsson Inga Marie , Svanberg Lars , Cronberg Stig
Published: August 2010

A 35‐year‐old woman with severe Glanzmann's thrombasthenia became pregnant involuntarily. As a late abortion might cause a bleeding as severe as a delivery, legal abortion was not considered indicated. Treatment with ordinary platelet concentrates was not considered since even HLA‐matched platelets did not enhance the platelet function, measured as the aggregability of transfused platelets. This inability was thought to indicate that the patient might have developed antibodies against one of the glycoproteins deficient in this disease. A delivery per vaginam was then preferred because of the local compressing effect. Spontaneous delivery occurred at the end of the 42nd week of pregnancy. The patient delivered a boy with transient thrombocytopenia, probably due to maternal antibodies. To stimulate the haemostasis, uterine contracting drugs were used in unusually large doses and for a relatively long period of time. Tranexamic acid was also given. No haemorrhagic complications could be observed during the puerperium.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: A Test of a Proposed New Clinical Staging System
Authors: Geisler C. , Hansen M. Mørk
Published: August 2010

102 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia underwent clinical staging according to 2 systems: the Rai staging system with 5 stages (0: lymphocytosis, I: palpable lymph nodes, II: hepato‐ or splenomegaly, III: Hb below 110 g/1, IV: platelet count below 100 times 109/1) was compared to a staging system recently proposed by Binet, with only 3 stages (A: not more than 2 areas of palpable nodes or organs, B: at least 3 areas, C: Hb below 10 g/1 or platelet count below 100 times 199/1). With the 3‐stage system statistically significant differences between the stages were obtained, whereas some of the Rai stages (I‐II‐III) were only poorly separated. Non‐haemolytic anaemia with Hb below 100 g/1 was associated with a far graver prognosis than milder anaemia (Hb between 100 and 110 g/1) or auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia. Chest X‐ray findings did not influence the clinical stage.
Losses of Ingested Iron Temporarily Retained in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Björn‐Rasmussen E. , Carneskog J. , Cederblad Å.
Published: August 2010

Excretion of radioiron 1 month after oral intake was studied in 6 healthy men by means of whole‐body‐counting. In one of the subjects as much as 17.6% of the59Fe retained 2 weeks after oral intake was subsequently excreted. The radioiron losses were not due to bleeding. There was a fairly close positive correlation between iron status of the subjects and the amount of radioiron lost. It is thus probable that the observed losses of radioiron reflect a physiological mechanism which regulates iron absorption.
Iron Overload in a Non‐Transfused Patient with Thalassaemia Intermedia
Authors: Celada Antonio
Published: August 2010

A patient with thalassaemia intermedia and haemosiderosis is reported. This patient did not receive transfusions or iron therapy. The iron absorption and the plasma iron turnover (PIT) were increased. Transfusions were carried out in order to decrease the amount of abnormal erythropoiesis. After that, the erythropoietin and PIT were decreased to normal levels and the iron absorption also returned to normal. The data presented suggest that increased erythropoiesis was responsible for the abnormaly high iron absorption and subsequently for the haemosiderosis of the patient presented.
Folate and Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Blood Levels in Elderly Persons in Geriatric Homes
Authors: Magnus E. M. , Bache‐Wiig J. E. , Aanderson T. R. , Melbostad E.
Published: August 2010

Significantly lower mean plasma and whole blood folate levels were noted in elderly persons in geriatric homes as compared to mean values of a reference sample group. The vitamin B12 levels of the elderly persons did not differ significantly from the reference values. More elderly persons, however, had low B12 values when assayed with a specific binder than when assayed with a non‐specific binder. This probably means that B12 analogues are more frequently present in elderly persons in geriatric homes than in subjects in the reference sample group.

One half of the disabled elderly persons had low B12 and/or low folate levels as compared to only one fifth of the not disabled elderly persons.

Hypersegmentation of neutrophils in peripheral blood was observed in elderly persons who had low levels of B12 as well as of both plasma and whole blood folate. Those with normal values of at least one of these variables did not have hypersegmentation more frequently than those with normal B12 and folate values, implying that isolated low values of either B12 or folate is not synonymous with functional deficiency.
Inhibitory Effects of T cells on In Vitro Granulopoiesis, Erythropoiesis, and Immunoglobulin Production in Patients with Aplastic Anaemia
Authors: Nagasawa Toshiro , Abe Tsukasa , Hanada Takashi
Published: August 2010

Coculture with mononuclear cells from aplastic anaemia (AA) patients and normal bone marrow cells produced different responses among 10 patients studied. In 4 cases, CFU‐E growth was inhibited while in another 2 cases CFU‐C growth was inhibited. To determine the suppressive effects of mononuclear cells from 6 AA patients, mononuclear cells were separated into T cells, B cells, and monocytes. It was found that T cells from 6 AA patients exhibited suppressive effects on normal CFU‐C or CFU‐E growth, whereas T cells from normal subjects enhanced the colony formation of CFU‐C and CFU‐E. On the other hand, monocytes from 6 A A patients and normal subjects strongly suppressed normal CFU‐C and CFU‐E growth, although no significant difference was observed in both groups. The immune system in 10 AA patients was evaluated. 3 AA patients (Cases No. 1, 6, 8) exhibited an increase in Tr cells, impairment of PHA responsiveness, and low level of immunoglobulin. T cells from these patients showed a significant suppressive effect on PWM‐induced differentiation of allogenic normal B cells.

Thus, T cells from 3 out of 10 AA patients exhibited suppressor activities on both haematopoietic cell differentiation and B cell differentiation into plasma cells in vitro.
DNA‐Repair Synthesis in Blast Cells from Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Lewensohn R. , Ringborg U.
Published: August 2010

DNA‐repair synthesis was studied in blast cells from patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. The DNA‐repair synthesis, measured as 3H‐thymidine incorporation, was registered as unscheduled DNA synthesis by autoradiography, and also after suppression of the replicative DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea by liquid scintillation. There was good correlation when results from both methods were compared. A significantly wider variation of unscheduled DNA synthesis was found in leukaemic as compared to normal blast cell populations. There was also a wider variation within individual leukaemic blast cell samples compared to normal samples. A correlation was found between unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by nitrogen mustard and by UV‐irradiation in the leukaemic blast cell populations. The UV‐induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in some of the leukaemic blast cell populations continued to increase at doses of UV‐irradiation at which normal myeloblasts had reached their maximum level of unscheduled DNA synthesis. This indicates that at least some malignant blast cell populations may possess an effective DNA‐repair system.
The Effect of Intranasal DDAVP on Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Activity in Normal Persons
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Mikaelsson Marianne , Vilhardt Hans
Published: August 2010

DDAVP (l‐desamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin) was administered intranasally to 20 normal persons and blood was collected at various intervals up to 72 h. Plasma concentrations of VIILC, VIIIR:Ag and fibrinolytic activity were increased by DDAVP with peak levels observed 1 h after the administration. Factors V, IX, XI, XII, XIII, P‐APT time, platelets, platelet factor 3, P&P, AT III, α2AP, fibrinogen and FDP were unchanged by the treatment. No side effects or changes in plasma Na or osmolality were observed. The present data demonstrate the selectivity of the effect of DDAVP on the coagulation system and points towards the possibility of using DDAVP in blood donors to increase plasma contents of factor VIII.
Monoclonal Antibody‐Defined T‐Cell Subsets in Hairy‐Cell Leukaemia
Authors: WORMAN C. P. , CAWLEY J. C.
Published: August 2010

In 17 tests in 14 patients with hairy‐cell leukaemia (HCL), peripheral blood Leu 2a+ and 3a+ suppressor and helper cells were present in normal mean percentage (3a+ 63 + 15 %, normal 64 + 8%; 2a+ 39 + 16%, normal 34 + 8%), absolute (3a+ 0.8 + 0.4 times 109/1, normal 0.6‐1.4 times 109/1; 2a+ 0.5 + 0.4 times 109/1, normal 0.2‐0.6 times 109/1), and relative (3a+/2a+) (2.2 + 1.3, normal 1.9 + 0.7) numbers.

In all the 9 untreated patients, 3a+ helper cells were normal or increased in percentage numbers, while 2a+ suppressor cells were normal or slightly reduced. It is suggested that these data explain, at least in part, the lack of immuneparesis of HCL as compared with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) which is consistently associated with immuneparesis and an excess of Leu 2a+ suppressor cells.

In individual splenectomised patients, some variations in Leu 2a+ and 3a+ numbers were observed, and it is suggested that the spleen, known to be important in the natural history of HCL, may have an influence on peripheral T‐cell subsets.

Although HCL is clearly shown to differ from CLL and myeloma regarding T‐cell subset numbers, the fundamental mechanism underlying this difference remains unknown.
Fetal Liver Transplantation in 2 Patients with Acute Leukaemia after Total Body Irradiation
Authors: Lucarelli Guido , Izzi Teodosio , Porcellini Adolfo , Delfini Costantino , Galimberti Mariella , Moretti Luciano , Polchi Paola , Agostinelli Fabrizio , Andreani Marco , Manna Marisa , Dallapiccola Bruno
Published: August 2010

2 patients with acute leukaemia in relapse were transplanted with fetal liver cells following a conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and total body irradiation (1000 r). Each patient achieved a remission with haematopoietic recovery that was rapid in one case and delayed in the other. In one case there was evidence of chimerism as demonstrated by the presence of the XYY karyotype of the donor fetus in 20% of marrow metaphases, by the presence of double Y bodies in the peripheral blood, by the appearance of new HLA‐antigens, and by red cell isoenzyme phenotypes of donor origin. In the second case there was prompt haemotopoietic recovery and the appearance of red cell isoenzyme phenotypes of donor origin. Survival was 153 and 30 d, respectively, and both patients died of interstitial pneumonia without evidence of graft versus host disease.
The Value of Platelet‐Associated IgG in Predicting the Efficacy of Splenectomy in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kayser W. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C. , Mueller‐Eckhardt G.
Published: August 2010

In a prospective study, the hypothesis of whether the quantitative determination of platelet‐associated IgG (PAIgG) in patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) can predict the efficacy of splenectomy, was investigated. PAIgG levels were repeatedly determined in 16 patients with definite ATP pre‐ and postsplenectomy, and related to platelet counts and platelet mean life span. It was found that patients with an immediate remission after splenectomy tended to have lower PAIgG levels (<6%) than failures, but this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that PAIgG is of limited value for the prediction of the efficacy of splenectomy in ATP.
T‐Lymphocytes with Both Helper‐ and Suppressor Markers on the Same Cell in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Stavem Per , Førre ØYstein , Brandtzæg Per , Nyberg Harald
Published: August 2010

A 62‐year‐old Norwegian male was found to have a leucocytosis (20 × 109/1 blood). About 80% of the leucocytes were T‐lymphocytes with markedly convoluted, often cerebriforme nuclei. There were generalized pea‐sized lymph nodes. The liver was enlarged and was found to be infiltrated with the same type of lymphocytes as were found in the blood. A bone marrow biopsy showed massive infiltration with the same kind of cells. The patient had a non‐specific rash, but no generalized exfoliative dermatitis.

A double set of markers was found on the T‐lymphocytes, with a membrane phenotype T4 + and T8+ on practically all cells.
Detection of cALLA Positive Cells in the Human Normal Peripheral Blood by Microimmunofluorometry and their Fate during Cultivation in Diffusion Chambers
Authors: Pachmann K. , Penning R. , Lau B. , Dörmer P.
Published: August 2010

A very sensitive measuring device for immunoflourescence and a new evaluation method were applied to detect the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (cALLA) on individual cells from normal peripheral blood. Using a monoclonal and a polyclonal antiserum a small % (about 10%) of cells was shown to carry this antigen. In double‐labelling experiments these cALLA positive cells were shown not to carry surface immunoglobulin, and very little T‐antigen if any. During a 13‐d cultivation of normal mononuclear blood cells in diffusion chambers, the cALLA positive cells disappeared but could be detected again on day 13 at a frequency comparable to that before culture. Proliferation is discussed as the mechanism accounting for the reappearance of the cALLA positive cellsperhaps due to the influence of the T‐helper cells generated during culture.
Decrease of a Normal Colon and Granulocyte Antigen (NCA) in Whole Lysed Blood of Myelosuppressed Patients
Authors: Gadler Fredrik , Wahren Britta
Published: August 2010

A normal colon and granulocyte antigen (NCA) is found in large amounts in neutrophil granulocytes. A method combining freeze‐thawing and ultrasonication of whole blood proved to be the most efficient in recovery of NCA from separated granulocytes or whole blood. NCA in whole blood was studied in healthy persons and in 8 patients with embryonal carcinoma undergoing chemotherapy, with a myelosuppressive effect. A strong correlation (r = 0.96) between the total number of peripheral granulocytes and the amount of NCA in lysed whole blood was found in both healthy persons and myelosuppressed patients. The NCA content per 109 granulocytes was equal in granulocytopenic and healthy persons. NCA measurements therefore give information about the total number of granulocytes in peripheral blood within the limits measured (0.5–6.5 × 109 granulocytes/1).
Relevance of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Unusual T‐Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Foa R. , Cappio F. Caligaris , Campana D. , Fierro M. T. , Bergui L. , Giubellino M. C. , Lusso P.
Published: August 2010

3 cases of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the T‐cell nature of which was identified only using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), are described. All cases were E‐rosette negative, surface immunoglobulin (SmIg) negative, common ALL (CALLA) antigen negative, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positive, and acid phosphatase positive. The T‐cell origin of the blasts was demonstrated by the positivity with RFA‐1, a MoAb which detects an antigen of MW 65–69000 present on the membrane of thymocytes and mature T‐lymphocytes. In addition, 2 of the 3 cases were positive with OKT6, which recognizes cortical thymocytes. MoAb directed against more mature T lineage cells (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKT11A) were consistently negative (≤ 12%).

These findings indicate that the use of a combination of MoAb is important in detecting individual cases of T‐ALL, which otherwise might be classified as undifferentiated acute leukaemia or null‐ALL. MoAb detecting a T‐cell antigenic determinant of MW 65–69000 (e.g. RFA‐1, OKT1, Leu1) appear the most specific reagents for T‐ALL.
Emperipolesis and Annulate Lamellae in Erythroleukaemia
Authors: Kamiyama Ryuichi , Onozawa Yasusuke , Yamaguchi Hisomu , Tsukada Toshiyasu
Published: August 2010

The bone marrow in the erythraemic phase of 2 erythroleukaemic patients was studied electron microscopically.

Emperipolesis of erythrocytes as well as annulate lamellae were revealed in the cytoplasm of the erythroblasts of these cases. It is assumed that these findings show a high rate of erythroblastic proliferation. This is the first report of emperipolesis within the erythroblast by erythroleukaemia. In addition, other various abnormalities, namely, nuclear‐cytoplasmic asynchrony, nuclear bleb or cleft formation, abundant glycogen particles and ferruginous micelles in mitochondria such as described in some previous reports, were also recognized.
Protective Effect of Implanted Autologous Splenic Tissue in Splenectomized Rats Exposed to i.v. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Authors: Nielsen Johan Lanng , Andersen Hans M. Kerzel , Hansen Knud Bendix , Saksø Peter , Kristensen Erik Skoubo , Sørensen Finn Hanberg
Published: August 2010

The protective effect of splenic implantation or hemisplenectomy on the survival rate was studied in 34 Wistar rats inoculated intravenously with 8.5 × 106 CFU Streptococcus pneumoniae type 25. 4 months prior to the bacterial challenge, different surgical procedures were performed, dividing the animals into 5 equally large groups: (1) sham operation, (2) hemisplenectomy, (3) splenectomy with a 100% reimplantation, (4) splenectomy with a 50% reimplantation, and (5) splenectomy without reimplantation. The observation period after the bacterial inoculation was 13 d. Differences in mean survival rates were found: (1) 13 d, (2) 10.6 d, (3) 7.1 d, (4) 5.6 d, and (5) 3.1 d. The increasing survival rates correlated with increasing weights of the residual splenic tissue. This animal study indicates that residual splenic tissue may account for a lesser tendency to infection.
A Case of Malignant Lymphoma and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Hansen Bent Adel , Sørensen Per Soelberg , Lauritzen Martin Johannes , Iversen Johan , Laulund Søren , Petrera Jorge Enzo , Nielsen Jørgen Boye , Paulson Olaf Bjarne
Published: August 2010

A 25‐year‐old man with myasthenia gravis and a non‐Hodgkin lymphoma stage III B involving the thymus, is reported. The association myasthenia gravis and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma has not been described previously. Treatment with chlormetin, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone (MOPP) resulted in complete remission of both the myasthenic symptoms and the malignant lymphoma.