bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trisomy 8 Defines a Distinct Subtype of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Driven by the MYC–Alarmin Axis
Authors: Vincelette Nicole D. , Yu Xiaoqing , Kuykendall Andrew T. , Moon Jungwon , Su Siyuan , Cheng Chia-Ho , Sammut Rinzine , Razabdouski Tiffany N. , Nguyen Hai V. , Eksioglu Erika A. , Chan Onyee , Al Ali Najla , Patel Parth C. , Lee Dae H. , Nakanishi Shima , Ferreira Renan B. , Hyjek Elizabeth , Mo Qianxing , Cory Suzanne , Lawrence Harshani R. , Zhang Ling , Murphy Daniel J. , Komrokji Rami S. , Lee Daesung , Kaufmann Scott H. , Cleveland John L. , Yun Seongseok
Published: May 2024

Despite advances in understanding the genetic abnormalities in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and the development of JAK2 inhibitors, there is an urgent need to devise new treatment strategies, particularly for patients with triple-negative (TN) myelofibrosis (MF) who lack mutations in the JAK2 kinase pathway and have very poor clinical outcomes. Here we report that MYC copy number gain and increased MYC expression frequently occur in TN-MF and that MYC-directed activation of S100A9, an alarmin protein that plays pivotal roles in inflammation and innate immunity, is necessary and sufficient to drive development and progression of MF. Notably, the MYC-S100A9 circuit provokes a complex network of inflammatory signaling that involves numerous hematopoietic cell types in the bone marrow microenvironment. Accordingly, genetic ablation of S100A9 or treatment with small molecules targeting the MYC-S100A9 pathway effectively ameliorates MF phenotypes, highlighting the MYC–alarmin axis as a novel therapeutic vulnerability for this subgroup of MPNs.

Significance: This study establishes that MYC expression is increased in TN-MPNs via trisomy 8, that a MYC-S100A9 circuit manifest in these cases is sufficient to provoke myelofibrosis and inflammation in diverse hematopoietic cell types in the BM niche, and that the MYC-S100A9 circuit is targetable in TN-MPNs.
The Fate(s) of CAR T-Cell Therapy: Navigating the Risks of CAR+ T-Cell Malignancy
Authors: Abou-el-Enein Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a landmark advancement in treating resistant forms of cancer such as leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. However, concerns about long-term safety have emerged following an FDA investigation into reports of second primary malignancies (SPM) after CAR-T cell treatment. This review offers a thorough examination of how genetically modified T cells might transform into CAR+ SPM. It explores genetic and molecular pathways leading to T-cell lymphomagenesis, the balance between CAR T-cell persistence, stemness, and oncogenic risk, and the trade-off of T-cell exhaustion, which may limit therapy efficacy but potentially reduce lymphomagenesis risk.

Significance: An FDA probe into 22 cases of second primary T-cell malignancies following CAR T-cell therapy stresses the need to investigate their origins. Few may arise from preexisting genetic and epigenetic alterations and those introduced during therapeutic engineering. Technological advances, regulatory oversight, and patient monitoring are essential to mitigate potential risks.
TABLE 1 from Stay on Track: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial on the Feasibility of a Diet and Exercise Intervention in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy
Authors: SenthilKumar Gopika , Schottstaedt Aronne M. , Peterson Lindsay L. , Pedersen Lauren N. , Chitambar Christopher R. , Vistocky Alexis , Banerjee Anjishnu , Longo John M. , Kelly Tracy , Currey Adam , Stolley Melinda R. , Bergom Carmen
Published: May 2024

Patient demographics at baseline
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Globus Pallidus Internus in a Child with Refractory Dystonia due to L2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria
Authors: Alamri Abdullah , Breitbart Sara , Warsi Nebras , Rayco Eriberto , Ibrahim George , Fasano Alfonso , Gorodetsky Carolina
Published: May 2024

Introduction: L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA) is a rare neurometabolic disorder marked by progressive and debilitating psychomotor deficits. Here, we report the first patient with L2HGA-related refractory dystonia that was managed with deep brain stimulation to the bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi-DBS). Case Presentation: We present a 17-year-old female with progressive decline in cognitive function, motor skills, and language ability which significantly impaired activities of daily living. Neurological exam revealed generalized dystonia, significant choreic movements in the upper extremities, slurred speech, bilateral dysmetria, and a wide-based gait. Brisk deep tendon reflexes, clonus, and bilateral Babinski signs were present. Urine 2-OH-glutaric acid level was significantly elevated. Brain MRI showed extensive supratentorial subcortical white matter signal abnormalities predominantly involving the U fibers and bilateral basal ganglia. Genetic testing identified a homozygous pathogenic mutation in the L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase gene c. 164G>A (p. Gly55Asp). Following minimal response to pharmacotherapy, GPi-DBS was performed. Significant increases in mobility and decrease in dystonia were observed at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Conclusion: This is the first utilization of DBS as treatment for L2HGA-related dystonia. The resulting significant improvements indicate that pallidal neuromodulation may be a viable option for pharmaco-resistant cases, and possibly in other secondary metabolic dystonias.
Biodemographic Characteristics of Children with Down Syndrome, Their Siblings, and Their Parents in Moroccan Population
Authors: Oulmane Zahra , Belahsen Rekia , Hilali Mohamed Kamal , Harich Nourdin , Cherkaoui Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Objective: In this study, we present the results of biodemographic characteristics of households and associated factors with Down syndrome (DS) birth in Morocco. Methods: We conducted a retrospective survey between 2014 and 2017 addressed to 277 families with 925 siblings and at least one child with DS (279 with DS). The data are collected using a standardized questionnaire in Marrakech-Safi region. Data were entered and analyzed using the statistical program SPSS statistics software for Windows (version 20.0). χ2 and student t tests were used for testing statistical significance. Differences were considered significant when the p value <0.05. Results: The binary logistic regression analysis between DS and non-DS children in their biodemographic characteristics studied (sex, breastfeeding, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, maternal age at birth, paternal age at birth, oral contraceptive use, duration of oral contraceptive use before pregnancy, child age, and rank of birth) showed that only maternal age and paternal age at birth, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, birth weight, and child age were associated with DS birth (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08; 95% Cl: 1.04–1.13, OR = 1.04; 95% Cl: 1.00–1.08, OR = 0.95; 95% Cl: 0.92–0.98, OR = 0.31; 95% Cl: 0.22–0.44, and OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87–0.93, respectively). In the other hand, the comparison between some of socio- and biodemographic characteristics of households studied with data from National Population Survey and Family Health (2018) showed a higher level of education in women and men in our sample in comparison with the general population. Similar results were shown in proportion of men and women in paid employment, the proportion of smoking and alcohol consumption among men, and the rate of oral contraceptive use before pregnancy among women. Conclusion: Highlighting the biodemographic characteristics of people with DS will help families to take good care of this group.
One-Year Outcomes of Biodegradable Polymer-Coated Sirolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Patient-Level Pooled Analysis from Two Indian Registries
Authors: Pothineni Ramesh Babu , Ajmera Prakash , Chawla Kamal Kumar , Mantravadi Sai Sudhakar , Pathak Abhijit , Inamdar Manohar K. , Jariwala Pankaj Vinod , Vijan Vikrant , Vijan Vinod , Potdar Anil
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This pooled analysis was conducted to assess the clinical safety and performance of the Supra family (Sahajanand Medical Technologies Ltd., Surat, India) of sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) including ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from two real-world all-comers Indian registries at 1 year. Methods: We evaluated 1,824 patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with the Supra family of SES from two real-world Indian registries (891 patients from T-Flex registry and 933 patients from Tetriflex real-world registry). The primary endpoint was the incidence of target lesion failure (TLF) defined as a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI), and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1-year follow-up. The safety endpoint was stent thrombosis at 1-year follow-up. Results: Among a total of 1,824 patients with ACS, 689 (37.8%) patients presented with STEMI. In ACS and STEMI groups, 47.6% and 41.8% patients had multivessel disease, respectively. Of 2,128 lesions in ACS group, 76.7% lesions were type B2/C and 16.2% lesions were totally occluded. In the STEMI group, out of 784 treated lesions, 76.7% were type B2/C lesions and 21.9% were totally occluded. At 1-year follow-up, incidence of TLF was 5.3% (cardiac death: 0.9%, TV-MI: 2.5%, TLR: 1.9%) in patients with ACS and 6.2% (cardiac death: 1.4%, TV-MI: 2.1%, TLR: 2.7%) in patients with STEMI. The 1-year rate of definite/probable stent thrombosis was 0.3% and 0.7% in patients with ACS and STEMI, respectively. Conclusion: This patient-level pooled analysis provides evidence for the safe and effective use of the Supra family of SES in complex patient populations such as ACS and even in STEMI with favorable rates of TLF and stent thrombosis at 1-year follow-up.
Clinical Characteristics and the Prognostic Impact of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients with Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study
Authors: Guo Lingxi , Wu Xiaojing , Cui Xiaoyang , Li Meiyuan , Yang Lu , Feng Yiming , Zhan Qingyuan , Huang Linna
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The incidence and impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are unknown. Methods: This retrospective study included 140 patients who were diagnosed with IPA and admitted to the medical ICU of China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing, China. AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, treatments, and prognosis at ICU admission were collected. Results: The rate of AKI was 71.4% (n = 100), and approximately 30% of the patients had preadmission acute kidney dysfunction. Of the 100 patients with AKI, 19, 8, and 73 patients had stage I, II, and III AKI, respectively, and 64 (87.6%) patients required continuous renal replacement therapy. Overall ICU mortality rate was 52.1%. Irreversible AKI was a strong independent risk factor for ICU mortality (odds ratio 13.36, 95% confidence interval 4.52–39.48, p < 0.001), followed by chronic lung disease, use of intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, and long-term corticosteroid treatment within 1 year prior to ICU admission. Higher cardiac troponin I levels at admission and worse volume control during the first 7 days of ICU stay were potential predictive factors of irreversible kidney dysfunction. Patients with irreversible AKI and those who died during the ICU stay had greater volume overload during the first 14 days of ICU stay. Patients who survived received earlier renal replacement therapy support after ICU admission compared to those who died (median, 2 vs. 5 days; p = 0.026). Conclusion: Compared to the patients with IPA in the absence of AKI, those with AKI presented with more volume overload, worse disease burden, and required stronger respiratory support, while experiencing worse prognosis. Irreversible AKI was a strong predictor of mortality in patients with critical IPA. Better volume control and earlier CRRT initiation should be considered key points in AKI management and prognostic improvement.
Bronchoskopische Abklärung von Lungenherden: Gute Hustenkontrolle als Erfolgskriterium
Authors: Wagner Manfred
Published: May 2024

Bronchoscopy is an invasive procedure, and patient coughing during examination has been reported to cause patient distress. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between cough severity and diagnostic yield of endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath transbronchial biopsy (EBUS-GS-TBB). Data of patients who underwent bronchoscopy at Kyorin University Hospital between April 2019 and March 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Bronchoscopists assessed the cough severity upon completion of the procedure using a four-point cough scale. Cough severity was included as a predictive factor along with those reportedly involved in bronchoscopic diagnosis, and their impact on diagnostic yield was evaluated. Predictors of cough severity were also examined. A total of 275 patients were enrolled in this study. In the multivariate analysis, the diagnostic group (n = 213) had significantly more ‹within› radial endobronchial ultrasound findings (odds ratio [OR] 5.900, p < 0.001), a lower cough score (cough score per point; OR 0.455, p < 0.001), and fewer bronchial generations to target lesion(s) (OR 0.686, p < 0.001) than the non-diagnostic group (n = 62). The predictive factors for severe cough include the absence of virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) and prolonged examination time. Decreased cough severity was a positive predictive factor for successful EBUS-GS-TBB, which may be controlled using VBN and awareness of the procedural duration.
Distinguishing Laterality in Brain Injury in Rabbit Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Novel Volume Rendering Techniques
Authors: Ambwani Gaurav , Shi Zhongjie , Luo Kehuan , Jeong Jeong-Won , Tan Sidhartha
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Our laboratory has been exploring the MRI detection of fetal brain injury, which previously provided a prognostic biomarker for newborn hypertonia in an animal model of cerebral palsy (CP). The biomarker relies on distinct patterns of diffusion-weighted imaging-defined apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in fetal brains during uterine hypoxia-ischemia (H-I). Despite the challenges posed by small brains and tissue acquisition, our objective was to differentiate between left and right brain ADC changes. Methods: A novel aspect involved utilizing three-dimensional rendering techniques to refine ADC measurements within spheroids encompassing fetal brain tissue. 25-day gestation age of rabbit fetuses underwent global hypoxia due to maternal uterine ischemia. Results: Successful differentiation of left and right brain regions was achieved in 28% of the fetal brains. Ordinal analysis revealed predominantly higher ADC on the left side compared to the right at baseline and across the entire time series. During H-I and reperfusion-reoxygenation, the right side exhibited a favored percentage change. Among these fetal brains, 73% exhibited the ADC pattern predictive of hypertonia. No significant differences between left and right sides were observed in patterns predicting hypertonia, except for one timepoint during H-I. This study also highlights a balance between left-sided and right-sided alterations within the population. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of investigating laterality and asymmetric hemispheric lesions for early diagnosis of brain injury, leading to CP. The technological limitations in obtaining a clear picture of the entire fetal brain for every fetus mirror the challenges encountered in human studies.
Mammakarzinom: Axilladissektion nicht immer nötig bei Sentinel-Metastasen
Authors: Ditsch Nina , Köpke Melitta B.
Published: May 2024

Die SENOMAC-Studie konnte zeigen, dass bei Patienten mit ein oder zwei Sentinel-Metastasen der Verzicht auf eine Axilladissektion nicht unterlegen war in Bezug auf das rezidivfreie Überleben. In dieser Studie wurden Patientinnen sowie männliche Patienten (0,4%) mit T1-3 Tumoren und ein oder zwei Sentinel-Makrometastasen (zusätzliche Mikrometastasen waren erlaubt und 1/3 wies eine extrakapsuläre Ausbreitung auf) unabhängig vom OP-Verfahren der Brust (brusterhaltend oder Mastektomie) 1:1 randomi­siert und erhielten entweder eine Axilladissektion oder keine weitere axilläre Operation. Die weitere adjuvante Therapie und Strahlentherapie erfolgte gemäß nationalen Leitlinien. Das 5-Jahres-rezidivfreie Überleben war in beiden Gruppen sehr gut (89,7% in der Sentinel-Gruppe; 88,7% in der Axilladissektions-Gruppe). Der Verzicht auf einen erweiterten axillären Eingriff zeigte sich signifikant nicht unterlegen (p < 0,001). Die derzeit noch ausstehenden Daten zum Gesamtüberleben werden im Verlauf zeigen müssen, ob man zukünftig Patientinnen mit Makrometa­stasen im Sentinel-Lymphknoten die zusätzliche Morbidität durch eine Axilladissektion bei gleicher onkologischer Sicherheit ersparen kann.
What Do German Molecular Tumor Boards Recommend in Patients with PIK3CA-Mutated Tumors? Launch and First Results from the German Transsectoral Molecular Tumor Board Exchange Platform Deutschland
Authors: Pretzell Ina , Desuki Alexander , Bleckmann Annalen , Loges Sonja , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Lange Sebastian ,   on behalf of TEAM-D Participants
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Comprehensive molecular tumor profiling is widely used in the management of patients with cancer. Molecular tumor boards devise treatment strategies based on testing results. In this setting, the Transsectoral Molecular Tumor Board exchange platform Deutschland (TEAM-D) aims to drive peer-to-peer exchange to connect experts in the field. Methods: During the first virtual TEAM-D meeting, participants from 16 German universities and 5 nonacademic institutions discussed five cases with PIK3CA hotspot mutations. Furthermore, an illustrative case vignette was presented. Results: Overall, German caregivers show restraint in administering off-label PIK3CA inhibitor and favor clinical trials in this setting. Conclusion: In the setting of precision oncology, TEAM-D enables virtual case discussion across the different sectors of the German healthcare system. Based on the example of PIK3CA hotspot mutations, TEAM-D demonstrated the value of integrating knowledge from different healthcare professionals.
Não somos Iracema: a imagem da mulher indígena sendo (re)escrita nas artes e nas literaturas
Authors: Lima Ellen Cristine Cruz de
Published: May 2024

A colonização criou diversas imagens sobre sujeitos indígenas e essas representações mitificaram e reduziram suas subjetividades ao passar dos tempos. No caso da mulher indígena, esse imaginário se configurou de forma ainda mais problemática, porque, além da inscrição em uma lógica colonial binária, esses corpos foram historicamente construídos e fixados sobre os modelos de uma sociedade patriarcal. Este trabalho apresenta uma leitura diversa a essas fabricações por meio da obra Não somos Iracema da artista e ilustradora Yacunã Tuxá, indígena do povo Tuxá, que questiona esses paradigmas e apresenta um olhar questionador e contemporâneo em suas obras.
Entre horizonte e lembrança: imagens do Oriente na escrita de Milton Hatoum
Authors: Soares Mafalda Sofia Borges
Published: May 2024

Com o presente artigo, propomo-nos entender de que modo o Oriente é retratado, no âmbito de uma literatura contemporânea, como um lugar longe que assume a forma de um tempo perto. Para o efeito, debruçar-nos-emos sobre o romance Relato de um certo Oriente de Milton Hatoum, analisando o modo como o escritor descreve o sensorialismo, o tempo e a linguagem como meios de representação de uma realidade oriental. A fim de dar espessura teórica à nossa abordagem, não esqueceremos de estabelecer uma comparação entre a estética hatoumiana e uma tendência do imaginário coletivo ocidental, nomeadamente no Medievo, para considerar o Oriente como zona de projeção de desejos e temores.
Ultrasound Neuromodulation of an Anti-Inflammatory Pathway at the Spleen Improves Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Zafeiropoulos Stefanos , Ahmed Umair , Bekiaridou Alexandra , Jayaprakash Naveen , Mughrabi Ibrahim T. , Saleknezhad Nafiseh , Chadwick Chrystal , Daytz Anna , Kurata-Sato Izumi , Atish-Fregoso Yemil , Carroll Kaitlin , Al-Abed Yousef , Fudim Marat , Puleo Christopher , Giannakoulas George , Nicolls Mark R. , Diamond Betty , Zanos Stavros
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Inflammation is pathogenically implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension; however, it has not been adequately targeted therapeutically. We investigated whether neuromodulation of an anti-inflammatory neuroimmune pathway involving the splenic nerve using noninvasive, focused ultrasound stimulation of the spleen (sFUS) can improve experimental pulmonary hypertension.

METHODS:

Pulmonary hypertension was induced in rats either by Sugen 5416 (20 mg/kg SQ) injection, followed by 21 (or 35) days of hypoxia (sugen/hypoxia model), or by monocrotaline (60 mg/kg IP) injection (monocrotaline model). Animals were randomized to receive either 12-minute-long sessions of sFUS daily or sham stimulation for 14 days. Catheterizations, echocardiography, indices of autonomic function, lung and heart histology and immunohistochemistry, spleen flow cytometry, and lung single-cell RNA sequencing were performed after treatment to assess the effects of sFUS.

RESULTS:

Splenic denervation right before induction of pulmonary hypertension results in a more severe disease phenotype. In both sugen/hypoxia and monocrotaline models, sFUS treatment reduces right ventricular systolic pressure by 25% to 30% compared with sham treatment, without affecting systemic pressure, and improves right ventricular function and autonomic indices. sFUS reduces wall thickness, apoptosis, and proliferation in small pulmonary arterioles, suppresses CD3
+
and CD68
+
cell infiltration in lungs and right ventricular fibrosis and hypertrophy and lowers BNP (brain natriuretic peptide). Beneficial effects persist for weeks after sFUS discontinuation and are more robust with early and longer treatment. Splenic denervation abolishes sFUS therapeutic benefits. sFUS partially normalizes CD68
+
and CD8
+
T-cell counts in the spleen and downregulates several inflammatory genes and pathways in nonclassical and classical monocytes and macrophages in the lung. Differentially expressed genes in those cell types are significantly enriched for human pulmonary arterial hypertension–associated genes.

CONCLUSIONS:

sFUS causes dose-dependent, sustained improvement of hemodynamic, autonomic, laboratory, and pathological manifestations in 2 models of experimental pulmonary hypertension. Mechanistically, sFUS normalizes immune cell populations in the spleen and downregulates inflammatory genes and pathways in the lung, many of which are relevant in human disease.
Synthesising Diverse and Discriminatory Sets of Instances Using Novelty Search in Combinatorial Domains
Authors: Marrero Alejandro , Segredo Eduardo , León Coromoto , Hart Emma
Published: May 2024

Gathering sufficient instance data to either train algorithm-selection models or understand algorithm footprints within an instance space can be challenging. We propose an approach to generating synthetic instances that are tailored to perform well with respect to a target algorithm belonging to a predefined portfolio but are also diverse with respect to their features. Our approach uses a novelty search algorithm with a linearly weighted fitness function that balances novelty and performance to generate a large set of diverse and discriminatory instances in a single run of the algorithm. We consider two definitions of novelty: (1) with respect to discriminatory performance within a portfolio of solvers; (2) with respect to the features of the evolved instances. We evaluate the proposed method with respect to its ability to generate diverse and discriminatory instances in two domains (knapsack and bin-packing), comparing to another well-known quality diversity method, Multi-dimensional Archive of Phenotypic Elites (MAP-Elites) and an evolutionary algorithm that only evolves for discriminatory behaviour. The results demonstrate that the novelty search method outperforms its competitors in terms of coverage of the space and its ability to generate instances that are diverse regarding the relative size of the “performance gap” between the target solver and the remaining solvers in the portfolio. Moreover, for the Knapsack domain, we also show that we are able to generate novel instances in regions of an instance space not covered by existing benchmarks using a portfolio of state-of-the-art solvers. Finally, we demonstrate that the method is robust to different portfolios of solvers (stochastic approaches, deterministic heuristics, and state-of-the-art methods), thereby providing further evidence of its generality.
A Layered Learning Approach to Scaling in Learning Classifier Systems for Boolean Problems
Authors: Alvarez Isidro M. , Nguyen Trung B. , Browne Will N. , Zhang Mengjie
Published: May 2024

Evolutionary Computation (EC) often throws away learned knowledge as it is reset for each new problem addressed. Conversely, humans can learn from small-scale problems, retain this knowledge (plus functionality), and then successfully reuse them in larger-scale and/or related problems. Linking solutions to problems has been achieved through layered learning, where an experimenter sets a series of simpler related problems to solve a more complex task. Recent works on Learning Classifier Systems (LCSs) has shown that knowledge reuse through the adoption of Code Fragments, GP-like tree-based programs, is plausible. However, random reuse is inefficient. Thus, the research question is how LCS can adopt a layered-learning framework, such that increasingly complex problems can be solved efficiently. An LCS (named XCSCF*) has been developed to include the required base axioms necessary for learning, refined methods for transfer learning and learning recast as a decomposition into a series of subordinate problems. These subordinate problems can be set as a curriculum by a teacher, but this does not mean that an agent can learn from it; especially if it only extracts over-fitted knowledge of each problem rather than the underlying scalable patterns and functions. Results show that from a conventional tabula rasa, with only a vague notion of which subordinate problems might be relevant, XCSCF* captures the general logic behind the tested domains and therefore can solve any n-bit Multiplexer, n-bit Carry-one, n-bit Majority-on, and n-bit Even-parity problems. This work demonstrates a step towards continual learning as learned knowledge is effectively reused in subsequent problems.
Elementary Errors: Philosophers, Idolaters, and τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου in Paul and Clement of Alexandria
Authors: Hirsch Brayden
Published: May 2024

Historically, interpreters of Gal. 4 have found the literal sense of τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου, “the elements of the world” to be unintelligible in context. Although a compelling Pauline vision of enslavement to these στοιχεῖα has remained elusive, this paper argues that it is possible to recapture that vision with recourse to the traditional usage of the phrase in ancient Greek philosophical literature. By examining one of the earliest extant quotations of Gal. 4 – i.e., that of Clement of Alexandria in his Protrepticus (c.190 CE) – and the philosophical language with which Clement associates Paul’s στοιχεῖα, this paper argues that Paul uses the phrase τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου according to its meaning in the ancient philosophical Sondersprache. Because an ambiguity between matter and divinity already characterized ancient philosophical thought about στοιχεῖα, Paul’s “elements” need not be either “cosmological” or “principial” (as most previous interpreters have thought), but both.
Catalog of the Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) deposited in the entomological collections of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) and the Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém, Brazil
Authors: SAMPAIO ALINE , VIANA JÉSSICA HERZOG , FONSECA CLAUDIO RUY VASCONCELOS DA
Published: May 2024

A comprehensive catalog is provided for most leaf beetles belonging to the Chrysomelinae subfamily, which are housed in the collections of two institutions in the state of Pará, located in northern Brazil: The Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) and the Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA). The catalog includes detailed geographic distribution data for all species, along with new records and photographs (including two paratypes of Cryptostetha pereirai Bechyně, 1958, with descriptions of the aedeagus and spermatheca). Furthermore, information is provided on host plants, parasites, parasitoids, and predators associated with certain species.
16. Extraordinary Jesus Images
Authors: Clossey Luke
Published: May 2024

The last of three art chapters looks at example images, especially those which were understood to be especially accurate or powerful. It begins with a statistical overview, using correspondence analysis of the metadata of thousands of Jesus images to chart shifts in subject matter over time and space. We then turn to miraculous images by describing what they depicted, what they achieved, and how they were activated. A small number of Jesus images were considered especially faithful representations, having been either pressed upon his body or created by an eyewitness. These speak to the plain ken, given their interest in the first-century Jesus, and in the mechanisms of replicating an appearance in spacetime. From these developed a tradition of lifelike Jesus portraits that converged with secular representations of individuals. Perhaps the most arresting Jesus images are those visualized as drenched with blood, which the owner could physically lance or use in connection with indulgences.
20. Intimacy with Jesus
Authors: Clossey Luke
Published: May 2024

Three groups of Jesus cultists who made use of both kens to move themselves even closer to him, achieving a kind of intimacy that could become domestic and even sexual. We begin with a group of female mystics, from England to Ethiopia, who cultivated extraordinary marital relationships with Jesus. Second, the participants in the Modern Devotion lived in regulated communities, sometimes involving spiritual nudity and marriage alongside more modest activities like yarn-spinning and prayer. Finally, Hafiz of Shiraz and other Muslim poets (Mahmud Pasha Angelović, Mehmed II, Isa Necati, Qāsim-i Anwār, Mahmoud Shabestari) spun lyrics celebrating comely boys bearing stupor-inducing wine and life-giving Jesus-breath.
2. The Arabic Documents from Qaṣr Ibrīm
Authors: Khan Geoffrey
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes the site of Qaṣr Ibrīm where the documents published in this volume were discovered. This was a fortress that was situated between the first and second cataracts of the Nile, now in Egypt about 240 km south of the first cataract. The long history of occupation of Qaṣr Ibrīm ranges from the end of the New Kingdom of Pharaonic Egypt in the eleventh century BC to 1812 AD in the Ottoman period. After the construction of the Aswan High Dam in the 1960s, Qaṣr Ibrīm became flooded by the waters of Lake Nasser and is now reduced to a small island. Excavations of the site by the Egypt Exploration Society began in 1961. The Arabic texts that were discovered are mainly documentary and relate to diplomacy and commerce. They are datable to throughout the Islamic period. The corpus published in this volume is datable to the Fatimid period (eleventh–twelfth centuries AD). The chapter includes an overview of the content of the documents of the corpus.
7. Taxes
Authors: Khan Geoffrey
Published: May 2024

Letter 32 refers the payment of jizya ‘poll-tax’ apparently by non-Muslims. Letter 36 refers to the payment of maks (customs tax). There is a reference to maks in the legal document 45, which records the hire of a boat by Muslims to sail from Bilāq (Philae) into Nubia to conduct trade. This indicates that the Fatimid government controlled trade with Nubia and taxed imported goods.
12. Script and Layout
Authors: Khan Geoffrey
Published: May 2024

The documents in the corpus exhibit a number of variations in the form of their script and the layout of the script on the writing support. Diacritical dots on the consonants are written only sporadically. There are numerous unconventional ligatures between letters within words and sometimes across words. The documents show some differences with regard to the orientation of the writing lines. In many of the letters, especially those to the eparch, the spacing between the lines is generous, which ensures that the descenders and ascenders of letters do not clash. The letters written to the eparch and his deputy with wide line spacing tend to be written with a finer pen than those with narrower line spacing.
Climate Communication with Chinese Youth by Chinese Nongovernmental Organizations: A Case Study of Chinese Weather Enthusiasts on Bilibili
Authors: Che ShaoPeng , Kuang Kai , Liu Shujun
Published: May 2024

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have increasingly played pivotal roles in shaping climate agendas and mobilizing individuals to engage in environmental initiatives. However, the nature of NGOs’ online interaction with users, especially in developing countries, remains largely unexplored. This study focused on the dynamics of engagement between a Chinese NGO, Chinese Weather Enthusiasts (CWE), and Chinese youth on the social media platform of Bilibili. The research comprised two main components. First, named entity recognition was employed to analyze weather-related terms in CWE’s posts on Bilibili and dynamic topic modeling was utilized to uncover shifts in thematic focus. Subsequently, descriptive analysis and negative binomial regression were employed to investigate the correlation between weather types and user engagement metrics. The study unveiled two noteworthy findings: first, CWE posts are closely linked to short-term weather, providing timely content that may meet the public’s demand for climate information. Second, the engagement of Chinese youth users is not affected by extreme weather types. Future research should continue to elucidate strategies that NGOs can employ to enhance online engagement among youth users.

Significance Statement

This study seeks to contribute to the current literature of climate communication by investigating how NGOs engage with Chinese youth on social media, an area that has received scant attention thus far. Focusing on an influential Chinese climate NGO, CWE, and its interactions with Chinese youth on the social media platform of Bilibili, this research sheds lights on strategies to communicate information related to extreme weather to this demographic. Examining factors that influence online user engagement offers both theoretical insights about the mechanisms of climate communication and practical implications for NGOs and policymakers to mobilize youth for environmental initiatives. The findings also underscore the importance of tailoring climate communication to align with the daily experiences of the target audience and public-centric approaches in climate communication strategies.
Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram for Breast Cancer Patients With Multi-Organ Metastases: An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Database
Authors: Huang Xiao , Xu An , Xu Xiangnan , Luo Zhou , Li Chunlian , Wang Xueying , Fu Deyuan
Published: May 2024

Background

Multi-organ metastases represent a substantial life-threatening risk for breast cancer (BC) patients. Nonetheless, the current dearth of assessment tools for patients with multi-organ metastatic BC adversely impacts their evaluation.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of BC patients with multi-organ metastases using data from the SEER database from 2010 to 2019. The patients were randomly allocated into a training cohort and a validation cohort in a 7:3 ratio. Univariate COX regression analysis, the LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors in the training set. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed to estimate overall survival (OS) probability for BC patients with multi-organ metastases. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using C-indexes, ROC curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA) curves, and the risk classification system for validation.

Results

A total of 3626 BC patients with multi-organ metastases were included in the study, with 2538 patients in the training cohort and 1088 patients in the validation cohort. Age, grade, metastasis location, surgery, chemotherapy, and subtype were identified as significant independent prognostic factors for OS in BC patients with multi-organ metastases. A nomogram for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS was constructed. The evaluation metrics, including C-indexes, ROC curves, calibration curves, and DCA curves, demonstrated the excellent predictive performance of the nomogram. Additionally, the risk grouping system effectively stratified BC patients with multi-organ metastases into distinct prognostic categories.

Conclusion

The developed nomogram showed high accuracy in predicting the survival probability of BC patients with multi-organ metastases, providing valuable information for patient counseling and treatment decision making.
Predictive Validity of the YLS/CMI in a Sample of Portuguese Young Offenders
Authors: Gouveia Cláudia , Fernandes Delfina , Pratas Miguel , Macedo Margarida , Cóias João , Pral Catarina , Pinto Renata , Bastos Maria , Bento Ana , Lagoa Teresa , Abrunhosa Gonçalves Rui , Caridade Sónia
Published: May 2024

The Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) is a widely used risk assessment instrument that comprehensively assesses risk factors and criminogenic needs among young individuals. This study explores the association between YLS/CMI scores and subsequent recidivism among 608 Portuguese young offenders aged 12 to 18 years. The results support the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in assessing recidivism among young offenders. The study found significant connections between YLS/CMI scores and recidivism for Placement in an Education Center (PEC) measures, indicating higher scores correlated with increased reoffending likelihood. However, no significant association was found between YLS/CMI scores and recidivism in Educational Supervision (ES) measures. These results emphasize the need to consider specific measures when gauging YLS/CMI’s predictive validity.
Lateral Pelvis and Lumbar Motion in Seated and Standing Office Work and Their Association With Transient Low Back Pain
Authors: Davidson Jessa M. , Zehr Jackie D. , Noguchi Mamiko , Fok Donna J. , Tennant Liana M. , Callaghan Jack P.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess frontal plane motion of the pelvis and lumbar spine during 2 h of seated and standing office work and evaluate associations with transient low back pain.

Background

Although bending and twisting motions are cited as risk factors for low back injuries in occupational tasks, few studies have assessed frontal plane motion during sedentary exposures.

Methods

Twenty-one participants completed 2 h of seated and standing office work while pelvic obliquity, lumbar lateral bending angles, and ratings of perceived low back pain were recorded. Mean absolute angles were compared across 15-min blocks, amplitude probability distribution functions were calculated, and associations between lateral postures and low back pain were evaluated.

Results

Mean pelvic obliquity (sit = 4.0 ± 2.8°, stand = 3.5 ± 1.7°) and lumbar lateral bending (sit = 4.5 ± 2.5°, stand = 4.1 ± 1.6°) were consistently asymmetrical. Pelvic obliquity range of motion was 4.7° larger in standing (13.6 ± 7.5°) than sitting (8.9 ± 8.7°). In sitting, 52% (pelvis) and 71% (lumbar) of participants, and in standing, 71% (pelvis and lumbar) of participants, were considered asymmetric for >90% of the protocol. Lateral postures displayed weak to low correlations with peak low back pain ( R ≤ 0.388).

Conclusion

The majority of participants displayed lateral asymmetries for the pelvis and lumbar spine within 5° of their upright standing posture.

Application

In short-term sedentary exposures, associations between lateral postures and pain indicated that as the range in lateral postures increases there may be an increased possibility of pain.
Land Reform Versus Repression in Counterinsurgency: Evidence From El Salvador
Authors: Mason T. David , Hamner Jesse , Pulido Amalia , Kirisci Mustafa , Howell Frank M.
Published: May 2024

Land reform has been employed as a component of counterinsurgency strategies to inoculate peasants against rebel appeals by giving peasants their own land. However, the remedial effects of land reform can be undermined by right wing violence and rebel violence intended to subvert land reform implementation. We used municipio level data on land reform and election results from El Salvador to test propositions on the competing effects of land reform and political violence - right wing and rebel - on the distribution of popular support between the regime versus the rebels versus anti-reform parties in the regime. We find consistent evidence across three elections that “land to the tiller” forms of agrarian reform do increase support for the regime while right wing violence does erode support for reformist parties.
Beyond Neural Connections: Using Strathern to Explore Knowledge-making at the Intersections of the Social and Neurosciences
Authors: Croy Samantha , Guillemin Marilys
Published: May 2024

This article considers how Marilyn Strathern’s work on Western knowledge conventions can usefully contribute to debates at the intersection of the social and neurosciences: first, to understanding the nature of work at this intersection; and second, to providing new avenues for interdisciplinary engagement. The neuroscience explosion in the 1990s and the early twenty-first century held out the promise of understanding increasingly complex phenomena in terms of the brain. As the neurosciences ventured into questions of human sociality, social scientists found it difficult to make meaningful contributions within the confines of conventional models of neuroscientific work. This highlighted the need for conceptual and methodological innovation. In this article, we illustrate how Strathern’s concept of the merographic connection, which conceptualizes the link between overlapping parts belonging to separate wholes, is a useful frame for thinking about the shared objects of the social and neurosciences. We show how her consideration of analogy as an apparatus bringing different domains together assists in understanding work in this area. With social science experiments in working with neuroscientists ongoing, Strathern’s work encourages precision about what is being brought into relationship in interdisciplinary encounters and prompts innovative thinking about what might productively be brought into association.
A randomized trial of the inflammatory cytokines levels and the blood transfusion rate between miniaturized tubing group and conventional tubing group in congenital heart disease open heart surgeries
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Meng Baoying , Li Gefei , Zhou Xing , Zhang Sheshe , Zhang Qing
Published: May 2024

Introduction

We aimed to compare the inflammatory cytokines levels of the miniaturized and conventional extracorporeal circuit system. The miniaturized extracorporeal circuit system may be fewer possible inflammation-induced or blood transfusion-related complications.

Methods

We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 101 patients undergoing congenital heart surgery with CPB (cardiopulmonary bypass, weight ≤15 kg, age ≤2 years). Patients were divided into two different CPB groups randomly by random data form. Blood samples at five different time points and the ultrafiltration fluid before and after CPB were collected in all patients. IL-6, IL-8, and TNF alpha were respectively tested with Abcam ELISA kit.

Results

The IL-6 level of blood serum in two groups had no statistical differences between the two groups at all time points. The IL-8 level of blood serum in two groups had no statistical differences right after anesthesia and 5 min after CPB. However, IL-8 level was significantly higher in conventional extracorporeal circuit group than that in miniaturized extracorporeal circuit group at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after CPB. Blood serum TNF alpha in conventional extracorporeal circuit group was significantly higher at 6 h after CPB than that in miniaturized extracorporeal circuit group. No statistical differences in TNF alpha were found between two groups right after anesthesia and at 5 min after CPB, 12 h and 24 h after CPB. In ultrafiltration fluid, no statistical differences were found in IL-6, IL-8 nor TNF alpha between two groups in all time. No statistical differences were found in ICU (intensive care unit) stay and mechanical ventilation time between the two groups. The blood transfusion rate was significantly lower in miniaturized extracorporeal circuit group.

Conclusion

Implementing the miniaturized extracorporeal circuit system could decrease the inflammatory cytokines at a certain level. The blood transfusion rate is significantly lower in miniaturized extracorporeal circuit group This indicates the miniaturized extracorporeal circuit system might be a safer CPB strategy with fewer possible inflammation-induced or blood transfusion-related complications.
Managing protracted displacement: How anchoring shapes ‘agency-in-waiting’ among middle-class Ukrainian female refugees in Berlin
Authors: Maxwell Claire , Leybenson Maria , Yemini Miri
Published: May 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in Europe since World War II. A significant number of Ukrainian refugees, mostly women and children, have sought asylum in Germany, where they have been granted temporary protection status. These refugees found themselves in a state of protracted displacement, with uncertain futures. This article examines how middle-class Ukrainian women, with children, envision their futures and how this shapes their present. Engaging with the literature on protracted displacement and the concept of ‘agency-in-waiting’, we examine how this relatively privileged group variously respond to living in transit. To enable closer analysis of these variations, we extend examinations of protracted displacement with Grzymala-Kazlowska’s idea of anchors. This allows us to consider how previous social-class positioning, and also other external and internal structures in places migrated to, intersect to reveal the anchors facilitating or constraining ‘agency-in-waiting’.