Potensi Daun Kastuba (Euphorbia Pulcherrima) Sebagai Antimalaria Plasmodium Falciparum
Authors: VERONICA ELVINA , CHRISMAYANTI NI KADEK SINTA DWI 
Published: December 2020

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Around 41% of people in the world at risk of malaria due to plasmodium infection. <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> is the most dangerous malaria infection compared to another plasmodium because it causes 90% of malaria deaths. ACT (Artemisinin Combination Therapy) is the goal standard of malaria medicine, is starting to become resistant, so other alternatives are needed. Poinsettia plants (<em>Euphorbia pulcherrima</em>) are ornamental plants and contain compounds that potential as anti-parasites.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> To aims the potential of poinsettia leaves as an antimalarial alternative to <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> in malaria treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Literature studies using in vivo, in vitro, in silico research articles, and literature reviews from national and international journals accessed from Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Pubmed in the last 10 years using malaria, antioxidants, anti-malaria, <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, and <em>Euphorbia pulcherrima</em> as keywords. There were 22 relevant articles used in this literature review.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Antioxidants in poinsettia leaves inhibited plasmodium growth by inhibit nutrient transport at new permeation pathways and prevent hemozoin ban. Terpenoids in poinsettia inhibit schizont and trophozoite in an earlier asexual phase of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> by inhibiting isoprenoid biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Poinsettia (<em>Euphorbia pulcherrima</em>) has the potency to be an antimalarial alternative against <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>. Need further research about the dosage and side effects of the usage.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> Malaria, antioxidants, anti-malaria, <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, <em>Euphorbia pulcherrima</em></p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>Pendahuluan:</strong> Sebesar 41% penduduk di dunia berisiko terkena malaria akibat infeksi plasmodium. Infeksi malaria akibat <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> merupakan infeksi paling berbahaya dibandingkan plasmodium lainnya karena menyebabkan 90% kematian malaria. obat malaria ACT (<em>Artemisinin Combination Therapy</em>) yang merupakan pengobatan goal standar obat malaria kini mulai resistensi sehingga diperlukan alternatif lainnya. Tanaman kastuba (<em>Euphorbia pulcherrima</em>) merupakan tanaman hias dan memiliki kandungan senyawa antioksidan yang berpotensi sebagai anti parasit.</p><p><strong>Tujuan</strong>: mengetahui potensi daun kastuba sebagai alternatif antimalarial <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> dalam pengobatan malaria.</p><p>Metode: Studi literatur menggunakan artikel penelitian in vivo, in vitro, in silico, dan artikel tinjauan pustaka dari jurnal nasional dan internasional yang diakses dari Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, dan Pubmed 10 tahun terakhir menggunakan kata kunci malaria, antioksidan, anti-malaria, <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>, <em>Euphorbia pulcherrima</em>. Digunakan 22 artikel yang relevan dalam <em>literature review</em> ini.</p><p><strong>Hasil:</strong> Antioksidan tanaman kastuba menghambat perkembangan plasmodium dengan menghambat transport nutrisi jalur permeasi baru dan mencegah pembentukan hemozoin. Terpenoid dalam tanaman kastuba menghambat pembentukan skizon dan tropozoit fase aseksual <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> dengan menghambat biosintesis isoprenoid.</p><p><strong>Kesimpulan:</strong> Tanaman kastuba (<em>Euphorbia pulcherrima</em>) berpotensi sebagai alternatif antimalarial terhadap <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em>. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut terutama dalam dosis dan efek samping penggunaannya.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: Malaria, antioksidan,<em> anti-malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Euphorbia pulcherrima </em></p>