bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of danger signs in neonates among postnatal mothers of babies admitted in tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit in a two-tier town in South India
Authors: Esther Grace G. , Sai Lakshmi Ananya T. , Kumar Ravi T.
Published: May 2021

Background: Neonatal period is the first 28 days of life. Neonatal period is highly vulnerable and has high risk of mortality at an average global rate of 17/1000. Neonatal illnesses present with non-specific symptoms and signs. Neonatal danger signs signify common signs of severe illness. Aim of the study was to assess the awareness of postnatal mothers about danger signs in neonates and the associated factors.Methods: Facility based cross sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in a two-tier town in South India. Source of population was postnatal mothers of babies who were admitted in NICU. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through face-to-face interview. Neonatal danger signs are signs that sick neonates show as stated by WHO, which includes- not able to feed, or stopped feeding well, convulsed or fitted since birth, fast breathing, chest in drawing, fever, cold to touch, yellow palms and soles, umbilical redness, or draining of pus, skin boils, or eyes draining pus, no or minimal movement when stimulated. Mothers who mentioned at least 3 are considered to have good knowledge.Results: Commonly mentioned danger signs are fever (89%), chest indrawing (59%), poor feeding (51%), and umbilical redness (48%). Mothers who had good knowledge was 32% of which 75.9% had counselling on danger signs during antenatal visits, 78% had antenatal visits more than 4,86.9% had post-natal care or visits,51.56% had education above secondary school.Conclusions: Mothers need counselling on neonatal danger signs during antenatal and post-natal visits to reduce neonatal mortality.
Clinical profile and outcome of neonates admitted in sick newborn care unit with hypernatremic dehydration and association with breastfeeding in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Bajaj Mohit , R. Chiranth , Mahajan Swati , Chauhan Pancham
Published: May 2021

Background: Neonatal hypernatremic dehydration is a very commonly seen potentially devastating condition. Inadequate breastfeeding, gastrointestinal losses, warm weather and improperly diluted mixed feeding are the main etiologies linked with neonatal hypernatremic dehydration. We conducted this study to evaluate the etiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms and outcomes of neonates admitted with hypernatremic dehydration and its association with breastfeeding from hilly region in northern India.Methods: The authors retrospectively studied records from extramural sick newborn care unit (SNCU) from April 2018 to June 2019. Inclusion criteria for the study included admitted neonates with documented hypernatremia (serum sodium level >145 mmol/L). Results: Nine hundred and twenty-two neonates were admitted in sick newborn care unit during this study period. One hundred and three (13.39%) newborns were admitted with hypernatremic dehydration at the time of admission. All newborns had deranged kidney function tests at time of admission. Most commonly found presenting complaints were poor feeding (85.71%), fever (45.71%), loose stools (42.8%) and decreased urine output (8%). The mean (SD) sodium on admission was 154.04 (7.41) meq/L. The mean (SD) time taken to correct hypernatremia was 35.6 (14.6) hours. Six of total admitted newborn developed neurological complications (2 had developed cerebral venous thrombosis and 4 had developed seizures). Mortality rate was 4.4%. Top fed neonates (50.41%) had higher percentage of mean sodium level and acute kidney injury at time of admission.Conclusions: Hypernatremic dehydration is preventable and treatable condition. Looking in to and addressing etiology in a timely manner is main step in management. All mothers should be taught correct breastfeeding technique. More breast examination during prenatal and postnatal periods and careful neonatal weight record postnatally could decrease the incidence of neonatal hypernatremic dehydration. Top feeding should be discouraged and only exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months.
Sleep disorders in adolescent school children in Kochi: a cross sectional study
Authors: Thomas Anupa Achamma , Prasad Vinitha , Jayakumar C.
Published: May 2021

Background: Sleep disorders in children are often undiagnosed and can negatively impact their physical and psychological health. This study was done to estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescent school children and to examine the association between body mass index and sleep disorders.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 purposively selected schools in Kochi among children aged 13-17 years. Pediatric sleep questionnaire was distributed among 550 students of which 229 were received back. Weight and height of the children were recorded and the BMI was calculated. Data were analysed using SPSS, version 20, and Chi-square was done to determine association.Results: The mean age of the study population was 14.56±1.311 years with equal gender distribution. 59% had sleep disorders. Parasomnia was the most common (64%) sleep disorder. Sleep talking (36%) was the most common parasomnia. Out of the total 229 children, 60 had Excessive daytime sleepiness (26.3%). 18.4% had sleep related breathing disorder, 4.37% had insomnia, 5.3% had restless legs. Delayed sleep phase disorder was seen in 13 (5.7%) of the total 229 children. BMI below 5th percentile was significantly associated with insomnia. We did not find any significant association between BMI and other categories of sleep disorders.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescent school children. Underweight in adolescents was associated with insomnia. There is a need for greater awareness of sleep disorders in children among parents and health care professionals.
Congenital toxoplasmosis the overlooked disease: a case report
Authors: Osman Mahmoud M. , Albadani Eiman S. , Abdel-Hamid Suzan , Hamdoun Sulafa A. , Alruwaished Naif A.
Published: May 2021

The causative agent of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasitic protozoan presenting as a zoonotic infection distributed worldwide. Congenital toxoplasmosis may lead to abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice and several neurological and ocular manifestations. The classic pathognomonic manifestations are the triad of intracranial calcifications, hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis. However, the majority of infected infants are asymptomatic at birth. Herein, we reported a case of severe CT in a late preterm newborn. Interestingly, the majority of the manifestations reported for CT were observed in this case. The high anti-toxoplasma antibodies (IgM and IgG) in the infant and his mother confirmed the diagnosis.
Miliary tuberculosis: an atypical presentation
Authors: Kumar N. Santosh , Naulakha Ravi Prakash , Vashishtha Ipsita , Elon Neelu , Pal Rajdeep , Inamdar Prithi , Rai Rajesh
Published: May 2021

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is a severe form of disseminated TB. In developing countries childhood miliary TB is a significant health problem. Pulmonary TB is the most common type of TB in children. Of all TB cases miliary TB accounts for about 1%. We report a case of paediatric miliary TB with acute presentation in a eleven years old female who presented with fever and cough since 3 days and rapid breathing since one day. Clinical examination showed hepatosplenomegaly, on auscultation chest was clear and air entry bilateral equal, chest x-ray was suggestive of miliary shadows suggestive of TB and it was confirmed by HRCT chest. Laboratory studies revealed anaemia and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Tuberculin test was negative, gastric lavage for acid-fast bacilli Gene-Xpert was positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fundus examination revealed bilateral small, white sub retinal opacities with the classical appearance of choroidal tubercles. The diagnosis of Miliary TB was confirmed and the patient was started on anti TB therapy.
A rare cause of progressive gait abnormality in a case of Turner syndrome
Authors: Patil Ajinkya , Jahagirdar Rahul , Srivastava Kavita , Mankar Sanjay
Published: May 2021

Turner syndrome is a commonly encountered chromosomal disorder affecting females, while Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe X-linked recessive disorder affecting males. Although theoretically possible, very few cases of DMD associated with Turner syndrome have been reported. We report an 8 year old girl who presented with a rare association of Turner syndrome mosaicism (45X/46XringX) with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
A survey on psychological effects following administration of the first dose of COVID-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca-Covishield) vaccine in Sri Lanka: experience among the medical community
Authors: Rowel Warnakula Weerasooriya Jayathilaka Sashka Madushi , Asanka Kodithuwakku Kodithuwakku Arachchilage Sajith Uditha , Sanjeewa Jayawardhana Mudiyanselage Pradeepa
Published: May 2021

Background: Research on psychoimmunology has demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between the immune system and the brain. Although the evidence is conflicting, few studies are suggesting a temporal association between neuropsychiatric disorders and some vaccines. However, research is scarce in this area. We observed that some recipients experienced various transient psychological symptoms in addition to physical symptoms following administration of the first dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca-Covishield vaccine in Sri Lanka. The objective of this survey was to assess the nature, associations and duration of the psychological symptoms observed following the vaccine. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the medical community in the age range of 25-63 years, who received the first dose of the vaccine. The questionnaire inquired demographic details, physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, duration of symptoms and their view on taking the second dose and recommending it to family or friends. Results: The majority (94.6%) of the participants had experienced some form of a physical symptom and 85.2% experienced at least one psychological symptom. Those who had fever experienced a higher rate of psychological symptoms compared to those who hadn’t. However, this difference was not significant. The majority developed symptoms after 12 hours of receiving the vaccine and the symptoms lasted for less than 48 hours.Conclusions: Notable rates of psychological symptoms were observed in recipients of the first dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca-Covishield vaccine. However, these symptoms were self-limiting. Further studies are needed to ascertain if these observations are significant.
H1N1 and COVID-19: surprising mortality pattern correlation
Authors: Al-Naqeeb Abdulkhaleq Abduljabbar Ali Ghalib , Raham Tareef Fadhil
Published: May 2021

Background: Explanation of observed differentials in mortality rates during the COVID-19 pandemic across regions and countries is a great dilemma. To improve current and future pandemic response and to shed a light on secrets of COVID-19 mortality variances, we design this study to compare mortalities / million (M) between Covid-19pandemic and H1N1 2009 pandemic mortalities.Methods: One hundred thirty countries and territories that reported H1N1 cases up to September, 2009, were enrolled. COVID-19 accumulative deaths were considered up to January, 2021. Countries and territories < 2 million inhabitants population at 2009 were excluded. We used simple regression analyses to test the associations (SPSS-21).Results: The pattern of variances in COVID-19 mortality rates across countries was surprisingly identical to the pattern of mortality rates across countries observed in H1N1 with meaningful linear regression tested in a two-tailed alternative statistical hypothesis. The slope value indicated that H1N1 deaths have a positive impact on COVID-19 mortality. with a very highly significant influence at p=0.0002. Relationship coefficient was accounted to (0.32789) with meaningful and a very high significant determination coefficient (R-Square = 10.75%). A very highly significant intercept (p=0.0000) reflects the severity of H1N1 and initial value even with no H1N1 deaths.Conclusions: We are adding another risk factor that can be used as a predictor for current and future epidemics.
Community attitude and practice towards skin disease prevention in a rural community in Busia County
Authors: Ogombo Concilia Magaya , Wanzala Maximilla , Were Tom
Published: May 2021

Background: Skin conditions were the fourth leading cause of nonfatal burden globally, expressed as years lost due to disability and eighteenth leading cause of health burden worldwide, expressed as disability adjusted life years. From Busia County health sector strategic and investment plan 2018-2023 report, skin diseases was third leading cause of morbidity in the county with 6.5%. Skin diseases, though very common in many developing countries, are not often regarded as a significant health problem even though serious diseases may be heralded by skin changes.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design was adopted. Data was collected using questionnaires; it was entered in a password protected excels spreadsheets with accessibility limited to the research investigator; data analysis was done using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23; and presented in bar graphs and tables.Results: It was revealed that 68.4% (N=273) had poor attitude towards skin diseases; 58.6% (N=234) of the respondents had poor practice towards prevention of skin diseases; and there was a significant association between community attitude towards skin diseases and practice towards skin diseases prevention.Conclusions: The community practice towards prevention of skin diseases is predicted by the community attitude towards skin diseases.
This is how India reacted to lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey
Authors: Upreti Gaurav , Upreti Ishwar Chandra , Lohani Puran Chandra
Published: May 2021

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the lockdown was used as a public health measure throughout the world including India to reduce transmission of the disease. Not only did the lockdown significantly decrease the growth rate of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also immediately and drastically changed patterns of daily life and behavior of people across India.Methods: This online survey was conducted during phases 2 and 3 of lockdown to study the effect of lockdown on the daily routine of people, find out its psychological impact and study the factors contributing to it.Results: During the lockdown, 75.2% of respondents were working from home with 36.8% reporting a decrease in the number of working hours. There was a significant increase in the mean duration of sleep, exercise/meditation, and time spent with family, on social media/OTT platforms during the lockdown. The lockdown resulted in widespread compliance with public health directives. There was a wide spectrum of symptoms of psychological distress among the study subjects the commonest being anxiety (70%) followed by fear of infection (about 35%). Female gender, extrovert personality, married status, having children, lower socioeconomic status, fear of infection, loneliness, inadequate basic supplies, a longer period of lockdown, and inadequate information were found to be associated with negative psychological impact.Conclusions: Lockdown brought significant changes in the daily routine and behaviour of people with a wide spectrum of negative psychological impacts. Effective measures should be taken to mitigate its effect as a part of the quarantine planning process.
Assessment of effectiveness of an interventional package on treatment adherence of hypertensive patients: a randomized control trial
Authors: Nongspung Kmendalin , Narang Kavita , Thakur J. S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Hypertension is the most common non-communicable diseases. Strict adherence to prescribed antihypertensive treatments is the key to blood pressure control. The present study was conducted with the objective to develop, implement and assess an interventional package on treatment adherence for hypertensive patients.Methods: A clustered randomized control trial of 3 months conducted in two community sites of Chandigarh. The two sites were first randomized by lottery method as experimental and control sites. Total of 250 subjects (n=125 on each sites) were selected by a systematic random sampling technique (every fourth) from the sampling frame. Diagnosed hypertensive patients taking treatment were included in the study and females with pregnancy induced hypertension were excluded. Participants were interviewed as per Interview schedule. Data was collected from July to November 2018. Interventional package was in the form of booklet and flash card, delivered as one to one teachings. Total of 5 face to face follow ups were done to the experimental group. Control group received routine care. Final evaluation was done at 3rd month in both the groups to assess the effectiveness of an interventional package on treatment adherence. Data analysis and interpretation was done by using chi square, paired t test, unpaired t- test, Mc Nemar test were applied to determine the level of significance at p<0.05.Results: The proportion of subjects who were adhered to the treatment has increased from 16% to 68% in the experimental group at third month of follow up. The mean change in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 26.29±12.81 mmHg and 7.74±8.95 mmHg respectively in the experimental group as compared to the control group (p<0.05).Conclusions: The interventional package on treatment adherence among hypertensive patients was effective in improving the treatment adherence.
Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among load men in a market area in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vijayakarthikeyan M. , Muthiah Muthulakshmi , Angayarkanni P.
Published: May 2021

Background: Work related musculoskeletal disorders are globally responsible for deterioration in the quality of work, disability and distress among the workers. Load men are very much prone foe MSD due to longer hours of work, carrying heavy loads, improper rotation of work among the workers. Objectives of current study were to estimate the prevalence of WRMDs among load men, to identify the pattern of WRMDs among load men and to identify the comorbidities among load men.Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on occupational load men working in the market area in Padappai. Sample size included was 230 and data was collected using a prevalidated standardized Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to explain the study variables.Results: Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorder was 84% and 79% during the past 12 months and past 7 days respectively. WRMD prevalence during the past 12 months was highest in wrist/hand (78.3%) and hip/thigh (47.4%) during the past 12 months and past 7 days respectively. In this study, 57.4% had any form of comorbidity. Variables significantly associated with WRMD (p<0.05) were work experience, hours of work, weight of lift and climbing stairs in current study.Conclusions: The health issues of load men have been neglected and WRMD prevalence among load men was high in this study. Load men should undergo periodic health checkups and awareness about WRMDs must also be increased among them.
A study to assess the unmet need for contraception among married women in the rural field practice area of a medical college Jhansi
Authors: Arya Vimal , Singh Ashish K.
Published: May 2021

Background: The concept of unmet need for family planning points to the gap between some women’s reproductive intentions and their contraceptive behaviour.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 19 to March 20 in rural Jhansi. 520 married women (15-49 years) were interviewed by house to house survey.Results: Out of 520 participants 124 (23.8%) had unmet need, out of them 73 (14.03%) had unmet need for spacing births and 41 (9.8%) of the participants had unmet need for limiting births.Conclusions: The unmet need for contraceptives was 23.8% in the study which is much higher compared to NFHS-4 data for urban UP (19.6%), and it has to be taken in to consideration by policy makers.
Knowledge of disinfection and personal protective equipment usage amongst health care workers in the COVID-19 scenario
Authors: D. Ravi , Anand Vivek , Yadav Arun Kumar
Published: May 2021

Background: Sudden amplification of COVID-19 from pneumonia of unknown etiology to a pandemic has led to overwhelming demand for healthcare resources. Among the critical components of infection and prevention control (IPC) in hospital settings is the mandatory use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by health care workers (HCWs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge of the HCW’s in the usage of appropriate disinfection procedures and PPE usage in each scenario as per MoHFW guidelines.Methods: The study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study conducted in a COVID-19 hospital for one month from May 2020 to June 2020. The questionnaire was based on the MoHFW guidelines on disinfection and PPE usage and was pre-validated.Results: Of the 146 HCWs who had responded, 50.7% were directly involved in patient care as frontline health care workers (FHCW), and the rest of 49.3% were non-frontline health care workers (NFHCW). 76.7% underwent training on PPE usage, 98 (67%) had training in disinfection procedures and PPE use. The knowledge of the HCWs, irrespective of them being frontline or non-frontline healthcare workers was lacking in certain areas.Conclusions: As we understand more about the disease, more and more treatment protocols are developed, but the prevention of infection in HCWs depends on appropriate PPE usage and disinfection procedures.
Prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among higher secondary students in a district in Kerala
Authors: George Babu , Raju Juby R. A. , Leela Leena M. , Bhaskaran Deepa , Indiradevi Lalikumari , Thulaseedharan Neethu , Mahendran Preema , Scaria Liss M.
Published: May 2021

Background: Overweight and obesity among adolescents and children are associated with early onset of non-communicable diseases and greater risk of complications in adulthood. The study was conceived in the background of the high burden on adult non-communicable diseases in the state, to assess the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among higher secondary students in one of its fourteen districts, with a view to explore the areas to be focused in preventive activities.Methods: Anthropometric, blood pressure, and physical examination of 1846 class plus one students were conducted in Thiruvananthapuram. Lifestyle assessment of the children was also conducted using a self-administered prevalidated questionnaire. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was calculated based on Indian academy of pediatrics body mass index cut-offs. Logistic regression analysis was done to discover factors associated with overweight conditions.Results: Among the students, 14.19% were overweight; 6.45% were obese. Boys, rural residents, and those from low socioeconomic background had lower odds of being overweight. Students who had main meal (s) from outside on three or more days a week (adjusted odds ratio 1.99; CI: 1.17-3.386), and with history of hypercholesterolemia (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 1.8; CI: 1.19-2.63), obesity (aOR 1.6; CI: 1.11-2.23), or diabetes (aOR 1.5; CI: 1.17-1.95) in the immediate-family had higher odds of being overweight. Hypertension and acanthosis were significantly higher among overweight students (p=0.001).Conclusions: The results warrant the adoption of screening and timely intervention for non-communicable disease risk factors from school level itself to reduce future morbidity and the risk of complications.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1980
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

The Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1980.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1984
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

The Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1984.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 1985
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: May 2021

The Annual Report contains a review of the Bank's operations in 1985.
Análise quimiométrica de parâmetros físico-químicos e atividade antioxidante de genótipos de ameixas para melhoramento e lançamento como nova cultivar
Authors: Oliveira de Araújo Flávia , De Souza Sartori Altamara Viviane , GOOD KITZBERGER CINTIA SORANE , Gaspar de Oliveira Carolina Maria , Medeiros da Silva Clandio
Published: May 2021

A seleção de genótipos de ameixa com características sensoriais e atividade antioxidante tem sido alvo do programa de melhoramento genético do IDR-PARANÁ-Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná. O desafio de aliar melhor qualidade, produção e resistência a pragas e doenças, é uma tarefa difícil que pode ser facilitada com emprego de análises físico-químicas e ferramentas estatísticas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar genótipos de ameixa desenvolvidos pelo IDR-PARANÁ empregando quimiometria em função de parâmetros físico-químicos e atividade antioxidante visando seleção para lançamento como novas cultivares. Foram empregadas três cultivares comerciais (Irati, Letícia e Reubennel) e seis genótipos (PR-1094, PR-1095, PR-1102, PR-1148, PR-1240 e PR-1260) cultivados nos campos experimentais do IDR-PARANÁ, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil. Parâmetros físico-químicos de teor de sólidos solúveis totais, pH, acidez titulável, ratio e avaliações da atividade antioxidante, compostos fenólicos e antocianinas foram analisados. Foram empregadas análises estatísticas de correlação de Pearson, Tukey e análises multivariadas de componentes principais e agrupamento hierárquico para análise dos dados. Verificou-se que os genótipos PR-1094, PR-1102, PR-1148 e PR-1240 tiveram maior atividade por DPPH, baixa antocianinas e pH ácido. PR-1260 e Irati apresentaram maior atividade por ABTS e DPPH e maior teor de antocianinas. A cultivar Reubennel apresentou menor atividade por ABTS, DPPH e pH e menores teores de antocianinas. Letícia e PR-1095 apresentaram maior pH, e atividade antioxidante intermediária. Com vistas a seleção de genótipos com maiores teores de antioxidantes, e parâmetros físico-químicos que sugerem maior doçura, os genótipos PR-1094 e PR-1148 apresentaram-se como promissores para futuro lançamento.
Análise sensorial descritiva qualitativa (ADQ®) de biscoitos integrais comerciais
Authors: Leal de Sousa Tainara , Pinheiro da Silva Jessyca , Freitas Rodrigues Jéssica Cristina , De Melo Silva Juliane Cristina , Buranelo Egea Mariana
Published: May 2021

Os biscoitos são produtos de panificação de grande interesse comercial devido as suas características de produção e comercialização, resultando em demanda elevada. O mercado de biscoitos é dividido em nove categorias maiores, e uma delas são os biscoitos integrais. O alto teor de fibras é o principal benefício associado aos grãos integrais que compõem os biscoitos integrais, mas também oferecem diversos outros nutrientes e compostos bioativos benéficos a saúde. A análise sensorial descritiva quantitativa (ADQ®) é a técnica de descrição sensorial mais utilizada na área de alimentos, pois permite o levantamento, descrição e quantificação dos atributos do produto, fornecendo uma base para determinar os atributos sensoriais que são importantes para aceitação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo traçar o perfil sensorial de diferentes biscoitos de grãos integrais já comercializados através da aplicação do teste de ADQ® para seus atributos de aparência, odor, textura e sabor. A percepção de intensidade dos atributos nas amostras entre alguns julgadores ocorreu de forma similar. Uma maior semelhança entre as amostras 3 e 6 foi evidenciada pela análise descritiva quantitativa. A amostra 2 foi caracterizada como uma amostra menos característico de acordo com a média da equipe sensorial, e a amostra 6 foi a mais característico.
Estudio del desarrollo de aleros y cuevas en diferentes regiones y contextos geológicos de la Argentina: hacia una caracterización de patrones y procesos
Authors: Favier Dubois Cristian M. , Kligmann Débora M. , Zárate Marcelo A. , Hocsman Salomon , Babot Pilar , Massigoge Agustina , Mosquera Bruno , Rivero Diego , Heider Guillermo , Martínez Gustavo A. , Ambrústolo Pablo , Carrera Aizpitarte Manuel , Gómez Augier Julián P. , Carbonelli Juan P. , Herrera Villegas Dalila , Durán Víctor A.
Published: May 2021

Este trabajo forma parte de un proyecto cuyo objetivo principal consiste en realizar un análisis geoarqueológico de aleros y cuevas someras ubicados en diferentes regiones y contextos geológicos de la Argentina, con el fin de evaluar patrones y peculiaridades en el desarrollo de sus morfologías y estratigrafías. Dichos sitios constituyen ambientes restringidos con una dinámica particular que se forman, evolucionan, colmatan y/o colapsan de maneras diferentes y que deben estudiarse a escala regional para interpretar el registro arqueológico y tafonómico que contienen. En un mismo sector se pueden encontrar estas geoformas en diversas etapas de evolución, pero la velocidad de este proceso de cambio y sus características son poco conocidas para diferentes áreas del país. Es por ello que en esta contribución se analizan 24 casos de estudio localizados en distintas regiones para comenzar a evaluar patrones y procesos recurrentes. Así, se han observado algunas regularidades interesantes en cuanto a los propios reparos (morfologías, tipos y dimensiones) y sus rellenos (características y cronologías) que comienzan a aportar información útil para su interpretación arqueológica y tafonómica.
Procesos de formación del registro arqueológico, condiciones ambientales y uso del espacio en la costa norte del golfo San Matías (Río Negro, Argentina)
Authors: Herrera Villegas Dalila V. , Steffan Pamela G.
Published: May 2021

Entender la dinámica de los ambientes costeros es fundamental a la hora de dar cuenta de los procesos que allí han actuado a través del tiempo. Estos procesos son los que determinan las propiedades primarias de depositación de la evidencia cultural, así como sus particularidades actuales. Es fundamental comprender e interpretar la historia de formación de los sitios arqueológicos, dado que estos van a permitir establecer la cronología y continuidad temporal del registro arqueológico. En este artículo se plantea la integración de resultados sedimentológicos, arqueomalacológicos y meteorológicos de las localidades de Bahía Creek y Faro San Matías de la costa norte del golfo San Matías. Se infiere la dinámica ambiental de formación de las geoformas, sus características de migración y se analiza la relación de estos factores con la representación y conservación diferencial del registro arqueológico. Se presta especial atención a la estacionalidad de formación de los concheros y los patrones de variación de los registros meteorológicos históricos que permiten delinear tendencias de preservación selectivas. Esto es particularmente relevante para discutir el uso del espacio, ya que la dinámica eólica puede afectar las propiedades cualitativas, cuantitativas, resolución e integridad de los depósitos arqueológicos.
Investigations on Gonadosomatic Index and Gonad Histology of Barred Spiny eel Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822 from Upper Assam, India
Authors: Borah Rimle , Sonowal Jyotirmoy , Kachari Akash , Nayak Nipen , Biswas Shyama Prasad
Published: May 2021

Background: Macrognathus pancalus or barred spiny eel is a highly valued ornamental and food fish found in the Indian subcontinent. Due to the burgeoning population and their associated impacts, the population of the species is in rapid decline that necessitates time-bound intervention to conserve the species. The current investigation was undertaken to study the gonadosomatic index and gonad histology of Macrognathus pancalus collected from upper Assam, India. Methods: 500 samples of Macrognathus pancalus were collected from different water bodies such as wetlands, ponds, paddy fields, etc. from upper Assam, India during 2018-2019. Monthly samplings were carried out to evaluate the gonadosomatic index. The gonads were dissected out, measured and subsequently preserved for histological studies. Histological sections of preserved samples were prepared by employing accepted methodologies. The sections were then photographed using Leica DM 750 and gonadal staging was ascertained. Result: Gonadosomatic index studies revealed that it peaked in August in both males (3.45±0.18) and females (8.85±0.35), thereby indicating its spawning season. Minimum GSI values were observed during January in males (0.39±0.04) and in December in females (1.04±0.15) indicating the culmination of the breeding period and the advent of the preparatory phase. Macroscopic and microscopic examination unearthed five different phases of gonadal maturation. Gonadal staging through microscopic and macroscopic technique showed synchronicity with GSI values.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus in Layers
Authors: Bordoloi Smita , Nayak Anju , Singh A.P. , Singh R.V. , Jadav Kajal , Dubey Amita , Jogi Joycee , Shakya Poonam , Himani K.
Published: May 2021

Background: Newcastle disease (ND) in spite of the availability of vaccines remains a constant threat to poultry producers worldwide. It is prevalent in Indian subcontinent and leads to economic losses. The present study was aimed with isolate and identify virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in layer poultry from field outbreaks. Methods: Total 47 samples consisting of nasal (05), oropharyngeal (13) and cloacal swabs (11) and tissue samples consisting of trachea (07), lungs (06), larynx (05) were collected from layer birds. For isolation of NDV swab and tissue samples were inoculated in 9-11 days old embryonated eggs via allantoic cavity route. After preparing the viral inoculum, 47 suspected samples (29 swab and 18 tissue samples) were inoculated in 141 embryonated eggs to isolate the virus. Result: Out of 47 samples 10 (21.27%) samples were positive for HA activity. All the 10 isolates showing HA activity subjected to Reverse-Transcriptase PCR of F gene and 6 were found positive in RT-PCR for F1 gene. The PCR amplified product showed amplicon at 356 bp and 254 bp positive for F1 and F2 gene, respectively. On basis of F gene, 06 (50%) isolates were considered as virulent Newcastle Disease Virus. One isolate sequence was submitted at NCBI with accession MT890653 On phylogenetic analysis MT890653 designated as Class II/ genotype II/ virulent strain and had the motif 112R-R-R-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site of the fusion protein.
Trait Based Modelling Approach for Selection of Elite Germplasm Accessions in Soybean [Glycine max (L). Merrill]
Authors: Shruthi K. , Siddaraju R. , Naveena K. , Ramanappa T.M. , Gireesh C. , Vishwanath K. , Nagaraju K.S.
Published: May 2021

Background: Identification of suitable factors that influence significantly to the response is crucial for the traits based breeding program to make a better decision about improvement in productivity. Multiple linear regression (MLR) is the benchmark method commonly using to identify suitable factors for crop improvement. It doesn’t work always due to stringent assumption (Multicollinearity, Linearity) behind the MLR model. Here we tried to develop an efficient model for the selection of major traits that contribute to seed yield in soybean by comparing different models. Methods: Field experiment was conducted using 98 soybean core population through augmented design.18 morphometric traits obtain from soybean core population were considered under the study as regressors.Multiple linear regression (MLR), Principle component Regression (PCR), Regression tree and Random Forest models were compared to select traits based on prediction accuracy. Result: All the models identified the number of pods per plant (NPP) has the most influencing variable to the soybean yield. However random forest has a much higher prediction power (RMSE=4.59, MAPE=0.18) compared to other models under study. The results of random forest revealed that the number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant and other associated characters like plant height at harvest as highly influencing traits for seed yield in soybean.Finally, tried to identify genotypesthat possess superiority about most influencing morphological characters on seed yield using cluster analysis.
Стара штампана књига у електронским базама података
Authors: Драпшин Александра
Published: May 2021

Дуго година, раритетне публикације похрањене у збиркама библиотека и других установа, чуване у магацинима и затвореним металним ормарима, могли су да читају само посетиоци посебних, за то предвиђених читаоница. Путем дигиталног окружења, оне су данас описане и претраживе у електронским каталозима и могу се прелистати у дигиталним библиотекама. Никад раније нису биле доступне тако великом кругу корисника. У раду се указује на могућности презентације раритета у електронским базама података, а посебно на њихово међусобно повезивање. Дигитализација раритета не подразумева само пренос података у нове формате, већ омогућава квалитетнији, нови интерактивни истраживачки приступ. Као пример су послужила искуства Библиотеке Матице српске – Електронски каталог Библиотеке, презентација Дигитална БМС и рад у Електронском регистру старе и ретке библиотечке грађе. Приликом библиографско-каталошке обраде раритета, поред описа издања, велика пажња се посвећује примерцима. У раду се наводе врсте података које се уписују у поља напомена при електронској обради старих књига. Указује се и на могућности повезивања електронског каталога са дигиталним колекцијама.
Библиотеке очима корисника: анкетно испитивање корисника јавних библиотека Црне Горе
Authors: Кривокапић Дијана
Published: May 2021

У раду су анализирани резултати анкете „Библиотеке очима корисника“, која је спроведена међу корисницима јавних библиотека у Црној Гори крајем 2018. године. Према расположивој документацији, ово је прво испитивање спроведено међу корисницима јавних библиотека у Црној Гори. Спроведена анкета јасно указује на то да се стање у јавном библиотекарству државе може промијенити само увођењем нове комуникационе парадигме, која је заснована на употреби савремених медија и технолошких достигнућа.Дигитално окружење има директан утицај на организацију рада у јавним библиотекама и развој нових корисничких сервиса. Циљ анкете је да се, на основу конктретног става корисника о библиотечким производима, установи актуелно стање, дају предлози за унапређење и афирмирмaцију рада јавних библиотека. Смјернице за увођење и интеграцију савремених технолошких иновација у раду јавних библиотека морају бити засноване на примјерима добре праксе библиотечко-информационих система развијенијих земаља Европе.Друштвени циљ спроведеног истраживања је да резултати буду од користи Националној библиотеци „Ђурђе Црнојевић“, Министарству просвјете, науке, културе и спорта, локалним самоуправама, културним посленицима и стручној јавност, а све у циљу спровођења конкретних активности у процесу обезбијеђивања услова за модерно функционисање народних, градских, односно јавних библиотека у Црној Гори.
Корисници и коришћење Дигиталне библиотеке Будве
Authors: Љубановић Гордана , Симоновић Маја
Published: May 2021

Народна библиотека Будве је 2018. одлучила да започне изградњу дигиталне библиотеке са жељом да прошири постојећу понуду онлајн услуга и да уважи потребе савремене публике која све више користи дигиталне садржаје. Неко вријеме након покретања Дигиталне библиотеке Будве, природно су се поставила питања дјелотворности уложених ресурса и даљих праваца развоја која траже чињеничне одговоре. Иако су постављени садржаји завичајног профила, претпоставка је била да ће нови канал презентовања привући публику изван локалних географских оквира, што је анализа једногодишњег коришћења и корисника Дигиталне библиотеке потврдила. Потврђено је и искуствено запажање да њена посјећеност директно корелира са видљивошћу у медијима и на друштвеним мрежама. За анализу промета коришћене су квантитативне статистичке методе које нуди Гугл аналитика.Изложена анализа корисника и образаца коришћења Дигиталне библиотеке Будве даје слику само у основним цртама. Ипак, то је први покушај неке црногорске библиотеке да једно поље свог дјеловања обради и представи језиком и методама савремене вебометрије и библиотечке статистике.
Sociologia, universidade e política / Sociology, university and politics
Authors: Carvalho Maria alice rezende de
Published: May 2021

Este artigo fez parte do colóquio “A Sociologia Brasileira: contrafogos”, organizado pela SBS no âmbito do 43º Encontro Anual da ANPOCS. Discute a feição assumida pela sociologia nas democracias contemporâneas; sobre a universidade, entendida como rede material de atores e recursos, capaz de alcançar e articular públicos muito diversos; e sobre as mediações sociotécnicas como dispositivo de organização e autonomização social.AbstractThis article was part of the colloquium “A Sociologia Brasileira: contrafogos”, organized by SBS as part of the 43rd Annual Meeting of ANPOCS. It discusses the aspect assumed by sociology in contemporary democracies; about the university, understood as a material network of actors and resources, capable of reaching and articulating very diverse audiences; and on socio-technical mediations as a device for organization and social autonomy.
A política de alfabetização bilíngue: histórico, ações para a formação de professores indígenas e a produção didática
Authors: Faustino Rosangela Célia , Gehrke Marcos , Novak Maria Simone Jacomini
Published: May 2021

Seguindo estratégias internacionais desenhadas desde o início do século XX, há no Brasil uma política de Educação Escolar Indígena, fundamentada na interculturalidade, com foco na alfabetização bilíngue. Porém, considerando a diversidade sociolinguística do país, a histórica política de integração e, mais recentemente, o reconhecimento aos processos próprios de aprendizagem, os programas de alfabetização bilíngue requerem iniciativas locais, articuladas com a formação de professores que resulta em produção de recursos pedagógicos diferenciados. Neste texto, apresentamos um histórico da política de alfabetização bilíngue discutindo documentos e encaminhamentos que culminaram na criação da ação Saberes Indígenas na Escola, inaugurando uma produção didática elaborada pelos professores. Os resultados mostram que a produção de materiais nas próprias comunidades, além de considerar as variações dialetais, oportuniza a criação de fecundos espaços de diálogos e pesquisas dos professores indígenas entre si, com sábios mais velhos, envolvendo jovens e crianças sobre questões culturais e ensejando, ainda, diálogos sobre ensino e aprendizagem escolar na comunidade.
Las comunidades virtuales del quichua ecuatoriano: revalorizando la lengua en un espacio apropiado
Authors: Garcés Velásquez Luis Fernando
Published: May 2021

Las lenguas indígenas de América tienen una larga historia de subalternización que se mantiene hasta el día de hoy. Por esta razón, las Naciones Unidas declararon el 2019 como el Año Internacional de las Lenguas Indígenas, como un esfuerzo de revertir el proceso de pérdida de la diversidad lingüística del planeta. El quichua ecuatoriano es una lengua con presencia en varios países de la región. En Ecuador es la lengua indígena con mayor número de hablantes; sin embargo, hay evidencias de encontrarse en dramática situación de retroceso en cuanto a la trasmisión intergeneracional. En el contexto actual, los jóvenes quichua hablantes se apropian de recursos tecnológicos para la construcción de comunidades virtuales de defensa y difusión de la lengua y cultura quichua. En esta comunicación, se presenta una investigación de carácter exploratorio de dos comunidades virtuales en el Facebook: Kichwa Mashikuna y Kichwa Hatari NY. A partir de este acercamiento, se postula la necesidad de pensar la supervivencia lingüística de cara a la posibilidad de adaptación al contexto urbano y tecnológico. Y en este sentido, los jóvenes quichuas apuestan a “atravesar la modernidad”, antes que rodearla o negarla.
Events in North Africa and Middle East: International Factors (the end)
Authors: Irishin G.
Published: May 2021

This publication presents the regular materials of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which is held in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies of IMEMO RAN. The discussants analyzed changes that have taken place in the region and certain countries over the February to November 2011 period, as well as the inner dynamics of events. Special focus was on their external factors – the role of the West in whole, of France, Great Britain, NATO, the League of Arab States, Turkey.
Democracy in Balkans and Beyond
Authors: Kandel’ P.
Published: May 2021

This article contains an analysis of the state of democracy in the Balkan countries in the light of polls. Despite the 20 years praxis of competitive elections and regular change of power, people’s trust in elections, parties, parliaments and governments is the lowest. This creates a demand for new political forces and faces.
Spain and Conflict over Western Sahara
Authors: Cherkasova E.
Published: May 2021

The article provides an overview of the history of this "forgotten" conflict, as well as its current state. The author reveals the position of stakeholders, including the European Union, France, the U.S. and Russia. Particular attention is paid to the position of Spain as a former colonial power, and to the correlation of the conflict with other problems in the Spanish-Moroccan relations.
Shadow Economy and Corruption in Azerbaijan
Authors: Dzhabiev R.
Published: May 2021

The government legislation of Azerbaijan is in many respects behind the new realities of economic life. Contradictions between the quickly changing market economy conditions and the existing legislative base allow bribe-takers for using the appearing gaps in the legal sphere. The deduction of shadow economy at least to the 10% of GDP level must be put as a strategic task, along with the increase in GDP, poverty combating, inflation reduction, etc.
Unemployment in OECD Countries: Evolution of Views and Policies
Authors: Vishnevskaya N.
Published: May 2021

The crisis of late 2000s has confirmed that the institutional structure of the labor market remains one of the main factors influencing employment under changing economic conditions. At first glance, in many European countries the containment of unemployment was executed successfully during the crisis. However, this can prevent a recovery of demand for labor and lead to maintaining and even increasing the unemployment and economic inactivity. All this may exacerbate the problem of segmentation of the labor market. In turn, as the economic situation improves the rapid growth of unemployment in the United States and some other countries with liberal model of labor market can quickly be quickly replaced by the opposite trend. Namely, even though the unemployment rate may not go back to the pre-crisis level it can, at least, again approach to it.