bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ramped thermal analysis for isolating biologically meaningful soil organic matter fractions with distinct residence times
Authors: Sanderman Jonathan , Grandy A. Stuart
Published: August 2019

Abstract. In this work, we provide a preliminary assessment of whether or not ramped thermal oxidation coupled with determination of the radiocarbon content of the evolved CO2 can be used to isolate biologically meaningful fractions of SOM along with direct information on the turnover rate of each fraction. Using a 30 year time-series of soil samples from a well characterized agronomic trial, we found that the incorporation of the bomb-spike in atmospheric 14CO2 into thermal fractions could be successfully modelled. With increasing activation energy of the fraction, the mean residence time of the fraction increased from 10 to 400 years. Importantly, the first four of five thermal fractions appeared to be a mixture of fast and increasingly slower cycling SOM. To further understand the composition of different thermal fractions, stepped pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) experiments were performed at five temperatures ranging from 330 to 735 °C. The py-GC/MS data showed a reproducible shift in chemistry across the temperature gradient trending from polysaccharides and lipids at low temperature to lignin and microbial-derived compounds at middle temperatures to aromatic and unknown compounds at the highest temperatures. Integrating the 14C and Py-GC-MS data suggests the organic compounds, with the exception of aromatic moieties likely derived from wildfire, with centennial residence times are not more complex but may be protected from pyrolysis, and likely also from biological mineralization, by interactions with mineral surfaces.
The Current State and 125 Kyr History of Permafrost in the Kara Sea Shelf: Modeling Constraints
Authors: Gavrilov Anatoliy , Pavlov Vladimir , Fridenberg Alexandr , Boldyrev Mikhail , Khilimonyuk Vanda , Pizhankova Elena , Buldovich Sergey , Kosevich Natalia , Alyautdinov Ali , Ogienko Mariia , Roslyakov Alexander , Cherbunina Maria , Ospennikov Evgeniy
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The evolution of permafrost in the Kara shelf is reconstructed for the past 125 kyr. The work includes zoning of the shelf according to geological history, compiling sea-level and ground temperature scenarios within the distinguished zones, and forward modeling to evaluate the thickness of permafrost and the extent of frozen, cold and unfrozen rocks. The modeling results are correlated to the available field data and are presented as geocryological maps. The formation of frozen, cold, and unfrozen rocks of the region is inferred to depend on the spread of ice sheets, sea level, and duration of shelf freezing and thawing periods.
Renal Nephroblastoma in a 17-Month-Old Jack Russell Terrier
Authors: Hergt Franziska , Mortier Femke , Werres Carolin , Flatz Katharina , von Bomhard Wolf
Published: August 2019

A 17 mo old female Jack Russell terrier was diagnosed with unilateral primary malignant nephroblastoma. The dog presented with polyuria and polydipsia. Laboratory tests revealed polycythemia and elevated serum erythropoietin levels. Diagnostic imaging (i.e., MRI) revealed a unilateral renal mass without spinal cord involvement. Nephrectomy was performed, and the histopathologic diagnosis was nephroblastoma. The dog did not receive any chemotherapy, and there was no evidence of recurrent disease or metastasis over 30 mo after nephrectomy. This is the first case report of a dog presenting with polyuria and polydipsia found to be a result of nephroblastoma. Furthermore, this is the longest survival reported for canine nephroblastoma treated with nephrectomy alone.
Humberto Maturana y el sentido de lo humano
Authors: Riquelme Víctor Rey
Published: August 2019

Revista Ciencia Cultura y Sociedad Vol. 5 N° 1 2018
A inserção da Suécia no mundo neoliberal: uma análise histórica
Authors: Maia Eduardo Santos
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar, por meio de uma análise retrospectiva, a economia política do processo pelo qual passou o estado de bem-estar da Suécia. Internacionalmente reconhecida pelo alcance e profundidade de sua estrutura de bem-estar social na década de 1960, o país foi palco das investidas neoliberais nas décadas de 1980 e 1990. No entanto, a robustez do estado de bem-estar constituído, aliado à dinâmica de sua sociedade, permitiu a Suécia resistir a um desmonte mais amplo. Se, por um lado, a Suécia perdeu parte dos elementos que a caracterizaram como “terceira via”; por outro, a manutenção de grande parte das estruturas sociais foi suficiente para que se possa afirmar a relativa resistência sueca ao Neoliberalismo.
ESTIMATIVA DO COMPORTAMENTO DA LÂMINA D’ÁGUA NO SOLO EM ANOS ATÍPICOS (SECO E CHUVOSO) NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE SÃO CARLOS DO IVAÍ E FLORAÍ – PR
Authors: Da Graça Carlos Henrique , Silveira Hélio
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo teve como objetivo estimar o comportamento edafoclimático nos municípios de São Carlos do Ivaí e Floraí, Brasil, aplicando o balanço hídrico edafológico para determinar a marcha anual da água disponível nos solos em anos atípicos (seco e chuvoso), relacionando essas informações com os períodos das safras dos principais cultivos agrícolas dos municípios para identificar possíveis variações na produtividade. Os principais métodos utilizados foram a determinação da água disponível nos solos; tipologia de anos padrão e balanço hídrico edafológico. O comportamento edafoclimático nos municípios mostrou que as porções mais propensas a apresentar riscos quanto à queda de produtividade agrícola estão diretamente relacionadas a presença dos solos com textura mais grosseiras, Argissolo e Latossolo Vermelhos distróficos, que exibiram as maiores ausências de água em profundidade nos perfis, devido sua baixa capacidade de retenção de água, quando comparados aos solos argilosos, Nitossolo e Latossolo Vermelhos eutroférricos. Tal comportamento denotam uma situação bastante crítica do ponto de vista edafológico nas porções dos municípios onde ocorrem esses solos, já que muitos cultivos, dependendo da época de desenvolvimento podem sofrer sérios danos que resultam na queda da produtividade.
Biocomércio em comunidades tradicionais: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Santos Marcelo Elias dos , Liboni Lara Bartocci
Published: August 2019

As principais características do modo de vida das comunidades tradicionais garantem a conservação dos recursos naturais. Porém, as políticas públicas demonstram uma lógica oposta a esse comportamento ao tentar integrar as comunidades aos grandes centros urbanos do país. Esse pensamento, remete a ideia de que as comunidades são apenas fornecedoras de matérias-primas com potencial para ter valor adicionado. Assim, para analisar as relações comerciais das comunidades tradicionais de outra perspectiva, utilizou-se o conceito de biocomércio que compreende desde a coleta até a comercialização dos produtos da biodiversidade, considerando os critérios de sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo teve como como objetivo apresentar um quadro conceitual sobre o biocomércio entre comunidades tradicionais e empresas privadas. Para tanto, recorreu-se a um estudo metodológico de revisão sistemática da literatura em teses e dissertações. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três fases e classificou 73 pesquisas em 6 categorias. Na última fase, foram identificados 11 trabalhos que estudaram o comércio de produtos da biodiversidade, porém, apenas uma pesquisa analisou um contrato de fornecimento de produto da biodiversidade. Os produtos estudados nas pesquisas confirmaram o potencial da biodiversidade brasileira, no entanto, há casos de biopirataria, redução da disponibilidade de recursos internos e disputas territoriais. O quadro conceitual proposto considera três abordagens interdependentes. É possível posicionar novos temas de pesquisa e utilizar critérios que até o momento receberam muita ou nenhuma atenção para dar relevância ao estudo. As diretrizes e princípios do biocomércio complementam a análise, posicionando adequadamente a pesquisa dentro dos critérios de sustentabilidade.
ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA NA PERCEPÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO DO DISTRITO DE IARA NO CEARÁ
Authors: Almeida Ediglécia Pereira de , Fernandes Samara Paulo Dos Santos , Souto Patrícia Carneiro
Published: August 2019

Uma forma de minimizar os problemas ambientais ocasionados pelo crescimento desordenados das cidades é arborização urbana que pode proporcionar benefícios como, por exemplo, conforto térmico e redução da poluição sonora. Foram aplicados 150 formulários semiestruturados. A aplicação dos formulários se deu de forma sistemática, onde os mesmos foram divididos entre seis ruas do Distrito de Iara-CE. Os dados obtidos indicaram que 24,0% dos entrevistados consideram a localidade pouco arborizada, 64% acham que a arborização existente nesta localidade é razoável e 12,0% consideram muito arborizada. Quanto ao manejo da arborização, 85,0% dos entrevistados opinaram que a responsabilidade é da prefeitura, 33% opinaram que a responsabilidade é da própria população e 7% opinaram que o manejo da arborização urbana é de responsabilidade das companhias elétricas. As principais vantagens da arborização urbana indicadas foram: sombra 96,7%, redução na temperatura 61,3% e beleza estética 52% e as principais desvantagens foram redução na iluminação pública 56%, sujeira de ruas e calçadas 48,7% e problemas com redes elétrica e telefônica 42,0%. A análise da percepção ambiental dos moradores do Distrito de Iara mostrou que mais da metade dos entrevistados desconheciam o significado do termo arborização urbana, no entanto compreendem os benefícios proporcionado pelas árvores na localidade.
TEXTO E TEXTUALIDADE NA ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Barros Walter Vieira
Published: August 2019

Em muitas das transformações pelas quais tem passado o mundo contemporâneo, as novas tecnologias têm desempenhado papel importante, desafiando a base epistemológica a partir da qual pensamos a construção do conhecimento. Considerando esse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é problematizar as noções de texto e de textualidade na era digital. A partir de um levantamento teórico, nos fundamentamos, principalmente, na revisitação que Costa Val (2000, 2004) faz ao conceito de textualidade para, então, discutirmos as fragilidades e as possíveis ampliações dos entendimentos acerca do que é um texto e dos fatores de textualidade, considerando a imprecisão e a fluidez da linguagem e dos sentidos, potencializadas pelas tecnologias digitais.
“Marielle virou semente”: representatividade e os novos modos de interação política da mulher negra nos espaços institucionais de poder
Authors: Franco Lima e Silva Andréa
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo busca identificar as candidaturas de mulheres negras nas eleições proporcionais de 2018 como parte de um projeto coletivo, amplo e contínuo de emancipação e transformação social que tem orientado as experiências de organização e de resistência das mulheres negras desde o período da escravidão, até os atuais movimentos feministas negros. A partir dessa premissa, nos propomos a realizar umabreve revisão bibliográfica da literatura sobre o feminismo negro para então conhecer, elencar e interpretar, a partir dessa revisão, as ações decampanha de candidatas negras aos pleitos proporcionais em 2018 que aderiram a uma proposta de coletivização dos mandatos. Nesse sentido, a morte violenta e prematura da vereadora Marielle Franco é vista, ao mesmo tempo, como tentativa de interrupção brusca desse projeto, e como gérmen de uma ação político-institucional inovadora, que preza pela participação coletiva, pela identidade racial e de gênero e pela ruptura com as formas tradicionais do fazer político.
A paisagem sanfranciscana: nuances e cenários de ontem e de hoje
Authors: Souza Angela Fagna Gomes
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo objetivamos descrever a paisagem do Rio São Francisco/Brasil em seus aspectos naturais, culturais e sociais. Priorizamos os ciclos econômicos, a fim de desvendar os principais registros ocorridos desde o início do século XVI com o seu descobrimento; o século XVII com a busca por pedras preciosas, ouro e prata; o período áureo no XVIII com as barcas e os vapores; os últimos séculos com a implantação de grandes empreendimentos e ainda, as projeções futuras. A paisagem sanfranciscana é entendida tendo como aporte teórico as colocações de Cosgrove (1998) que considera o sentido simbólico e cultural das paisagens humanas. Nuances e cenários ímpares carregados de símbolos e significados expressos em descrições, relatos, narrativas e críticas que procuramos rememorar neste artigo.
A geografia importa: análise da dimensão espacial de duas políticas educacionais no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Girotto Eduardo Donizeti , Pavesi de Oliveira João Victor , Passos Felipe Garcia , Campos Larissa de , De Oliveira Souza Jaqueline Marinho
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta resultados do projeto Atlas da Rede Estadual de Educação de São Paulo, discutindo a importância da análise espacial nas/das políticas educacionais. Para tanto, analisamos duas políticas educacionais implementadas pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação de São Paulo (SEE-SP), baseadas no princípio da Nova Gestão Pública. Trata-se do Programa de Ensino Integral (PEI), iniciado em 2012, e do Projeto de Reorganização Escolar, de 2015. Nesta análise, elaboramos uma série de mapas, espacializando as duas políticas no município de São Paulo, recorte investigativo desta pesquisa, que demonstram como estas têm ampliado as desigualdades espaciais e educacionais, na contramão da efetivação do direito à educação. Utilizando dados públicos, concluímos que, no caso da Reorganização Escolar, o argumento defendido pelo governo de decréscimo demográfico para o fechamento de escolas não se sustenta, uma vez que tal fenômeno não se converte automaticamente em diminuição de matrículas. Já sobre o Programa de Ensino Integral, reconhecemos que se baseia numa lógica insularizante, produzindo unidades escolares privilegiadas destinadas a alunos que moram nas regiões com as melhores condições estruturais da cidade. De forma geral, as análises apresentadas revelam a lógica de racionalização gerencial dos recursos da rede estadual de educação, que pouco dialoga com a desigualdade espacial da escola pública e do território paulistano. Nesse sentido, nota-se a permanência do abstracionismo pedagógico como norteadora das políticas educacionais no estado de São Paulo, sob a lógica da Nova Gestão Pública, em que as condições de desigualdade socioespacial encontradas na referida rede são pouco problematizadas pelas políticas educacionais propostas.
Health Facility Capacity to Provide Maternal and Newborn Healthcare Services in Unguja
Authors: Bakar Rukia Rajab , Manongi Rachel N , Mmbaga Blandina T.
Published: August 2019

Globally, every year 529,000 maternal deaths occur, 99% of which in developing countries with majority being in Sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCH) services depend on the accessibility, availability and quality of antenatal care (ANC), delivery and postnatal services. The aim of this study was to assess the health facilities’ capacity and readiness to provide MNCH services in Unguja Island, Zanzibar.

A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2015 at public health facilities providing MNCH services. Data was collected by using the modified Service Availability and Readiness Assessment tool.

Eighteen health facilities were assessed, two-thirds (66.7%, n = 12) of which were offering both maternity and reproductive and child health (RCH) services, 4 (22.2%) RCH services only, and 2 (11.1%) maternity services only. Readiness score for ANC services was 66% with high readiness scores in diagnostics services (89%) and equipment (69%). Overall, 14% offered all seven signal functions. Overall, delivery service readiness score was 48%. Overall readiness for comprehensive emergency obstetric and neonatal care services was 13%. Staff training and guidelines readiness score was 11%, while medicine and commodities score was 9%.

The health facilities’ readiness in providing MNCH services remains inadequate in Unguja Island. Readiness in providing services was low for delivery and emergency obstetric and neonatal care services. Basic and advanced delivery services need to be improved in parallel with provision of necessary equipment, medicines and commodities and staff training for better MNCH service delivery.
Virtuous Faith
Authors: Dickinson Travis M. ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2019

The notion of faith has been variously understood throughout the course of Christian intellectual history. It has been common to construe faith in epistemological terms, especially by critics of religious faith. In this paper, I argue that faith, especially faith that is had in the context of relationships, should be understood as an act of ventured trust. This is not to say that beliefs and the evidence for the truth of those beliefs are unimportant. Indeed, I argue that acting on the basis of good evidence is what makes faith virtuous.
Letter
Authors: Bock D. Joleen
Published: August 2019

Letter
Humanities Programs for Libraries: An ACRL/NEH Workshop
Authors: Elliot Paula
Published: August 2019

Humanities Programs for Libraries: An ACRL/NEH Workshop
Standards for ethical conduct for rare book, manuscript, and special collections librarians
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Standards for ethical conduct for rare book, manuscript, and special collections librarians
Standards for college libraries, 1985
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Standards for college libraries, 1985
Letters
Authors: Alley Brian , Moreland Rachel S.
Published: August 2019

Letters
INNOVATIONS: The Management Intern Program at the Columbia University Libraries
Authors: Slierby Louise S.
Published: August 2019

INNOVATIONS: The Management Intern Program at the Columbia University Libraries
INNOVATIONS: Document Delivery Service update
Authors: Baldwin David A. , Dickey Paul D.
Published: August 2019

INNOVATIONS: Document Delivery Service update
ACRL President’s letter
Authors: Boisse Joseph A.
Published: August 2019

ACRL President’s letter
Diferenças
Authors: Scientia Silva Aila Sophia
Published: August 2019

Poesia intitulada “Diferenças”, escrita em 08 de agosto de 2019, às 14:00 PM.
Brugerinddragelse i brug og integration af læringsplatforme
Authors: Dirckinck-Holmfeld Lone
Published: August 2019

Artiklen undersøger, hvordan kombinationen af deltagende design og en ekspansiv læringstilgang kan guide processen med at integrere læringsplatformene i danske skoler. Hvordan er det muligt at etablere lokalt ejerskab, hvordan er det muligt at styrke de faglige og pædagogiske handlinger, og hvordan er det muligt at udvikle nye læringskulturer rammesat og støttet af de nye platforme? Dette kapitel skriver sig ind i det videnskabsfelt, som omhandler ”ibrugtagning” af teknologi, særligt den gren som udvikler begreber om forandring og transformation af professionel arbejdspraksis. Kapitlet har et særligt fokus på  at undersøge, hvorledes fremtidsværkstedet som metode  kan skabe indsigt i samt udvikle det pædagogiske personales engagement og ejerskab i forhold til en faglig, pædagogisk og organisatorisk brug af læringsplatforme.
Quality Evaluation of Tea Brewed from Blends of Soursop (Annona muricata) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaves
Authors: C. Innocent-Ukachi Adanma , C. Onukwugha Ugochi
Published: August 2019

Tea is commonly made from the leaves of Camellia sinensis. Production of similar drinks from other plant leaves with potential health benefits would help to prevent diseases. This study examined the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of tea made from blends of dried moringa (Moringa oleifera) and soursop (Annona muricata) leaves. Mature, fresh and green leaves from both plants were washed in water and sun-dried for 10 h. The dried leaves were milled and sieved to obtain the tea powders. Blends of soursop: Moringa tea were formulated as follows: A: 100% Soursop, B: 100% Moringa, and soursop: Moringa blends as C:50:50%; D: 60:40% and E: 40:60%. Ten grams of each blend of tea powder was brewed in 100 ml of hot water (90°C) for 10 min and cooled to room temperature (28 ±- 2°C) before analysis. From the result, 50:50 soursop-moringa tea gave the highest levels of vitamins C and A. Mineral levels were significantly different among the samples (p<0.05) with higher values recorded for calcium (2117.10 mg/100 ml), sodium (146.02 mg/100 ml), magnesium (362.03 mg/100 ml), phosphorous (241 mg/100 ml), zinc (7.13 mg/100 ml) and potassium (1207.20 mg/100 ml) in 50:50 soursop-moringa tea. The pH differed significantly (p<0.05) in all the tea samples and ranged from 7.28–7.81. Total solids gave values ranging from 3.47 mg/l-3.82 mg/l (p˂0.05) and total sugars 1.12–3.07% (p<0.05). The amount of tannin was significantly higher (p<0.05) in all tea blends compared to other antinutrients analyzed in this study and ranged from 8.95-9.84%. Assessment of the antioxidant capacity by Diphenol-2,2picrylhydroxyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the tea samples with the 50:50 soursop: Moringa blend having the highest antioxidant activity with values up to 89.04% and 531.44 (µM/L) in each case. Overall the soursop-moringa tea blends exhibited good chemical composition and antioxidant activity, with 50:50 formulation showing the best nutritional quality attributes.
Organic Fertilizers Effect on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tuber Production in Sandy Loam Soil
Authors: Ahmed Farid , Mondal M. Monjurul Alam , Akter Md. Babul
Published: August 2019

Potatoes are one of the most common and important vegetable crops in the world and carrying different health benefits that make them all the more essential as a staple dietary item for much of the world’s population. The high nutrient content, ability to adapt to marginal environments, relative ease of cultivation and low cost and high productivity are attributes that make potatoes one of the principal and most important sources of food and income for developing countries. Considering the importance of organic manure for potato cultivation, the experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of four organic fertilizers on potato tuber production in sandy loam soil. The most popular and easily available two potato cultivars namely Cardinal and Diamant and four organic fertilizers viz., cowdung at the rate of 8 t ha-1, chicken manure at the rate of 8 t ha-1, Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS) developed organic fertilizer at the rate of 740 kg ha-1 and Northern organic fertilizer at the rate of 500 kg ha-1 along with a control. The results revealed that the plant height, number of leaves, leaves fresh weight, yield contributing characters and yield were significantly different and higher in organic fertilizers over control. The highest plant height, leaf number, leaf fresh weight, total dry matter, absolute growth rate, tuber growth rate, tubers plant-1 and larger tuber size were observed in chicken manure which resulted the highest tuber yield (29.71 t ha-1) followed by cowdung (28.67 t ha-1) with same statistical rank. The third highest tuber yield was recorded in RDRS organic fertilizer (26.42 t ha-1) and Northern organic fertilizer (26.00 t ha-1). Besides, the potato cultivar, cardinal gave the highest tuber yield (26.39 t ha-1) compare to diamont (24.57 t ha-1). Finally, the potato cultivar cardinal and organic fertilizers, chicken manure followed by cowdung are recommended for potato cultivation in Rangpur region due to the highest yield production as well as maximum benefit-cost ratio.
A Bioprinted In Vitro Model for Osteoblast to Osteocyte Transformation by Changing Mechanical Properties of the ECM
Authors: Lee Bryan E. J. , Shahin‐Shamsabadi Alireza , Wong Michael K. , Raha Sandeep , Selvaganapathy Ponnambalam Ravi , Grandfield Kathryn
Published: August 2019

Osteocytes are key contributors to bone remodeling. During the remodeling process, trapped osteoblasts undergo a phenotypic change to become osteocytes. The specific mechanisms by which osteocytes work are still debatable and models that exist to study them are sparse. This work presents an in vitro, bioprinted model based on the previously developed technique, ExCeL, in which a cell‐embedded hydrogel is printed and immediately crosslinked using paper as a crosslinker‐storing substrate. This process mimics the phenotypical change of osteoblast to osteocyte by altering the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. By printing Saos‐2, osteosarcoma cells, embedded in the alginate hydrogel with differing mechanical properties, their morphology, protein, and gene expression can be changed from osteoblast‐like to osteocyte‐like. The stiffer gel is 30 times stiffer and results in significantly smaller cells with reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of osteoblast‐marker genes such as MMP9 and TIMP2. There is no change in viability between cells despite encapsulation in gels with different mechanical properties. The results show that the phenomenon of osteoblasts becoming encapsulated during the bone remodeling process can be replicated using the ExCeL bioprinting technique. This model has potential for studying how osteocytes can interact with external mechanical stimuli or drugs.
Instrumentiertes Feuchtemonitoring von historischen Bauwerken mittels elektrischer Impedanzspektroskopie
Authors: Krüger Markus , Lehmann Frank
Published: August 2019

Im Rahmen mehrerer Forschungsprojekte zum Erhalt historischer Bauwerke wurde ein drahtloses Monitoringsystem für die kontinuierliche Bauwerksüberwachung entwickelt. Das System erlaubt die Verwendung einer Vielzahl von verschiedenen Sensoren sowohl zur Erfassung der Einwirkungen bzw. Umweltbedingungen, denen die historischen Objekte ausgesetzt sind, als auch der Bauwerksreaktion bzw. der Veränderungen am Bauwerk. Feuchtebedingte Schäden spielen dabei eine bedeutende Rolle und verursachen sehr hohe Kosten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Grundlagen zur instrumentierten Dauerüberwachung mittels drahtloser Sensornetze zur präventiven Konservierung vorgestellt und die Besonderheiten diskutiert, die auch bei der Weiterentwicklung von Monitoringsystemen berücksichtigt werden können. Die elektrische Impedanzspektroskopie bzw. Impedanzmessungen stellen dabei eine kostengünstige Möglichkeit zur qualitativen Feuchtemessung dar.
The impact of angiogenesis inhibitors on survival of patients with small cell lung cancer
Authors: Shi Xiaoshun , Dong Xiaoying , Young Sylvia , Chen Allen Menglin , Liu Xiguang , Zheng Zhouxia , Huang Kailing , Lu Di , Feng Siyang , Morahan Grant , Cai Kaican
Published: August 2019

Background

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly invasive and lethal neuroendocrine tumor. Antiangiogenic drugs have been reported in the treatment of SCLC. We aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of angiogenic inhibitors on SCLC survival using network meta‐analysis.

Methods

The impact of five angiogenesis inhibitors, that is, vandetanib (Van), bevacizumab (Bev), Rh‐endostatin (End), sunitinib (Sun), and thalidomide (Tha), on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by conducting a network meta‐analysis. RNA sequencing data were downloaded from publicly available databases.

Results

Nine phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs), that involved 1599 participants, that investigated angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of SCLC were included in this meta‐analysis. Sun and Bev achieved better PFS than Tha (Bev VS. Tha, HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79‐0.98, Sun VS. Tha, HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65‐1.00). Moreover, Sun and Bev were superior to placebo in terms of PFS (Bev VS. Placebo, HR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.81‐0.97, Sun VS. Placebo, HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66‐1.00). Based on this study, we found no significant difference of OS of SCLC. The angiogenesis pathway and expression of target genes were globally deactivated in SCLC tissue.

Conclusion

Results of this network meta‐analysis indicate that the PFS outcome of SCLC with Sun or Bev drugs is superior to that of Tha. The improved therapeutic impact of angiogenesis inhibitors on SCLC needs more evidence, such as long‐term observation in clinical trials, to be validated.
Percutaneous obliteration of the right ventricle to avoid coronary damage by sinusoids in patients with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum during staged single ventricle palliation
Authors: Hubrechts Jelena , Cools Bjorn , Brown Stephen C. , Eyskens Benedicte , Heying Ruth , Boshoff Derize , Gewillig Marc
Published: August 2019

Background and Aims

Suprasystemic pressure waves can damage the coronary arteries resulting in myocardial ischemia and excess early mortality. We aimed to reduce the coronary pressure wave through the sinusoids by abolishing RV volume with percutaneous devices.

Methods and Results

Four patients with PA‐IVS and coronary sinusoids from the hypertensive rudimentary RV were evaluated at a median age 26.6 months (range: 2.7–51.7). Right ventricle coronary dependent flow to the left ventricular myocardium was excluded. All four patients had dual perfusion with competitive flow from the RV through the sinusoids to the coronary arteries. Devices used were: Amplatzer vascular plug II of 10–16 mm; 27 coils (diameter 5–15 mm) in the oldest patient. Right ventricular angiography after cavity obliteration showed no more significant coronary perfusion through the sinusoids. There were no complications or deaths. Only minor and transient changes in the levels of troponin were observed. Coronary angiography at pre‐Fontan evaluation showed no progress of coronary abnormalities in two patients.

Conclusion

In selected patients with functionally single left ventricle, obliteration of the hypertensive RV cavity by percutaneous devices is safe and abolishes the systolic pressure wave in coronary sinusoids. When performed early, this may halt coronary damage and avoid excess mortality.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of the apocrine variant of epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma
Authors: Perez Diandra , Naous Rana
Published: August 2019

Epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCa) is a rare neoplasm that most frequently afflicts the parotid gland. Histologically, a dual layer of inner, luminal epithelial cells and outer myoepithelial cells with associated background hyalinization characterize these tumors. Several variants of EMCa have been described, including the more recent description of the apocrine variant. We present here a case of a 71‐year‐old male with a parotid mass diagnosed on FNA as an apocrine epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing the cytomorphologic features of apocrine EMCa on FNA smears.
Oppia nitens C.L. Koch, 1836 (Acari: Oribatida): Current Status of Its Bionomics and Relevance as a Model Invertebrate in Soil Ecotoxicology
Authors: Fajana Hamzat O. , Gainer Amy , Jegede Olukayode O. , Awuah Kobby F. , Princz Juliska I. , Owojori Olugbenga J. , Siciliano Steven D.
Published: August 2019

The oribatid soil mite Oppia nitens C.L. Koch, 1836, is a model microarthropod in soil ecotoxicity testing. This species has a significant role in supporting soil functions and as a suitable indicator of soil contamination. Despite its significance to the environment and to ecotoxicology, however, very little is known of its biology, ecology, and suborganismal responses to contaminants in the soil. In the present review, we present detailed and critical insights into the biology and ecology of O. nitens in relation to traits that are crucial to its adaptive responses to contaminants in soil. We used a species sensitivity distribution model to rank the species sensitivity to heavy metals (cadmium and zinc) and neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and thiacloprid) compared with other standardized soil invertebrates. Although the International Organization for Standardization and Environment and Climate Change Canada are currently standardizing a protocol for the use of O. nitens in soil toxicity testing, we believe that O. nitens is limited as a model soil invertebrate until the molecular pathways associated with its response to contaminants are better understood. These pathways can only be elucidated with information from the mites’ genome or transcriptome, which is currently lacking. Despite this limitation, we propose a possible molecular pathway to metal tolerance and a putative adverse outcome pathway to heavy metal toxicity in O. nitens. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2593–2613. © 2019 SETAC
The Use of Geographic Information Systems for Spatial Ecological Risk Assessments: An Example from the Athabasca Oil Sands Area in Canada
Authors: Eccles Kristin M. , Pauli Bruce D. , Chan Hing Man
Published: August 2019

There is an acknowledged need in ecotoxicology for methods that integrate spatial analyses in risk assessment. This has resulted in the emergence of landscape ecotoxicology, a subdiscipline of ecotoxicology. However, landscape ecotoxicology has yet to become common practice in risk assessment due to the underdevelopment of techniques and a lack of standardized methods. In the present study, we demonstrate how geographic information systems (GISs) can serve as a standardized platform to integrate data, assess spatial patterns of ecotoxicological data for multiple species, and assess relationships between chemical mixture exposures and effects on biota for landscape ecotoxicological risks assessment. We use data collected under the Joint Oil Sands Monitoring Program in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region in Alberta, Canada. This dataset is composed of concentrations of contaminants including metals and polycyclic aromatic compounds, and health endpoints measured in 1100 biological samples, including tree swallows, amphibians, gull and tern eggs, plants, and mammals. We present 3 examples using a GIS as a platform and geospatial analysis to: 1) integrate data and assess spatial patterns of contaminant exposure in the region, 2) assess spatial patterns of exposures to complex mixtures, and 3) examine patterns of exposures and responses across the landscape. We summarize the methods used in the present study into a workflow for ease of use. The GIS methods allow researchers to identify hot spots of contamination, use georeferenced monitoring data to derive quantitative exposure-response relationships, and assess complex exposures with more realism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2797–2810. © 2019 SETAC

Abstract

Chemical exposures to biota in regions of anthropogenic disturbance can be spatially assessed to quantity how exposures and responses vary across the landscape. These patterns and relationships can be used to inform and refine future biomonitoring programs.
Piezo1 regulates calcium oscillations and cytokine release from astrocytes
Authors: Velasco‐Estevez María , Rolle Sara O. , Mampay Myrthe , Dev Kumlesh K. , Sheridan Graham K.
Published: August 2019

Astrocytes are important for information processing in the brain and they achieve this by fine‐tuning neuronal communication via continuous uptake and release of biochemical modulators of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Often overlooked are their important functions in mechanosensation. Indeed, astrocytes can detect pathophysiological changes in the mechanical properties of injured, ageing, or degenerating brain tissue. We have recently shown that astrocytes surrounding mechanically‐stiff amyloid plaques upregulate the mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1. Moreover, ageing transgenic Alzheimer's rats harboring a chronic peripheral bacterial infection displayed enhanced Piezo1 expression in amyloid plaque‐reactive astrocytes of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Here, we have shown that the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also upregulates Piezo1 in primary mouse cortical astrocyte cultures in vitro. Activation of Piezo1, via the small molecule agonist Yoda1, enhanced Ca2+ influx in both control and LPS‐stimulated astrocytes. Moreover, Yoda1 augmented intracellular Ca2+ oscillations but decreased subsequent Ca2+ influx in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulation. Neither blocking nor activating Piezo1 affected cell viability. However, LPS‐stimulated astrocyte cultures exposed to the Piezo1 activator, Yoda1, migrated significantly slower than reactive astrocytes treated with the mechanosensitive channel‐blocking peptide, GsMTx4. Furthermore, our data show that activating Piezo1 channels inhibits the release of cytokines and chemokines, such as IL‐1β, TNFα, and fractalkine (CX3CL1), from LPS‐stimulated astrocyte cultures. Taken together, our results suggest that astrocytic Piezo1 upregulation may act to dampen neuroinflammation and could be a useful drug target for neuroinflammatory disorders of the brain.
Appraisal of the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines in the Philippines
Authors: Miguel Red Thaddeus D. , Silvestre Maria Asuncion A. , Imperial Ma. Lourdes S. , Ho Beverly Lorraine C. , Dans Leonila F.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The Republic of the Philippines has recently enacted the Universal Health Care Law, which mandates the Philippines Department of Health (DOH) to operationalize evidence‐based clinical practice guideline (CPG) development. As a baseline to the foregoing task, the aim of this study was to appraise the methodological quality of CPGs previously developed and currently being disseminated in the Philippines. A multimethod search for CPGs was implemented. CPGs were independently evaluated using a modified version of the Knowledge Management Plus CPG appraisal tool.

Findings

Eighty‐seven CPGs were included in the appraisal. Majority implemented processes to ensure validity, ie, consideration for patient groups, management options, benefits, and harms (99%), and indicated strength of their recommendations (89%). Seventy‐seven CPGs (89%) evaluated the evidence for local applicability. Of the 87 CPGs, 20 CPGs (23%) considered equity in the development process. The development process differed among CPGs with varying degrees of utilization of GRADE methodology (52%), disclosure of funding sources (72%), and engagement of technical support external to the development body (3%). Mean duration of CPG development was 1 year (SD 5.9 months), and mean interval between updates was 6 years and 1 month (SD 37.8 months).

Conclusion

Although most of the CPGs fulfilled essential criteria for quality recommendations (validity and applicability), equity considerations were limited. Furthermore, only half used the GRADE approach and development and dissemination practices differed substantially between CPGs. Thus, it is recommended that a standard CPG development process be made available by the DOH to be utilized by CPG developers in the Philippines.
A Commercially Available Ruthenium Compound for Catalytic Hydrophosphination
Authors: Cibuzar Michael P. , Dannenberg Steven G. , Waterman Rory
Published: August 2019

Hydrophosphination with a commercially available ruthenium compound, bis(cyclopentadienylruthenium dicarbonyl) dimer ([CpRu(CO)2]2), was explored. Styrene derivatives or Michael acceptors react readily with either primary or secondary phosphines in the presence of 0.1 mol % of [CpRu(CO)2]2 under photolysis with an inexpensive and commercially available UV/A 9 W lamp. In comparison to related photoactivated hydrophosphination reactions with [CpFe(CO)2]2 as a catalyst, these ruthenium‐catalyzed reactions proceed at greater relative rates with lower catalyst loadings.
Recurrent massive myxoid liposarcoma in retroperitoneum 10 years post initial operation
Authors: Horiuchi Takamasa , Maekawa Shigekatsu , Obara Wataru , Kume Haruki , Matsuoka Naoki
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Myxoid liposarcoma tends to be a relatively good prognosis. Follow‐up is recommended once a year from the 5th year after surgery.

Case presentation

A 48‐year‐old man had a massive retroperitoneal tumor, measuring approximately 20 cm. Resection of a huge myxoid liposarcoma had been performed on his back 10 years ago and the weight of the mass was 14 kg. The tumor was resected from the right kidney and its weight was 3.6 kg. Pathological examination showed myxoid liposarcoma and therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as recurrent. But after the resection, no recurrence or metastasis was observed.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, the case presents the first report where both initial and recurrent tumors were massive and the time for recurrence was 10 years. Therefore, a follow‐up of myxoid liposarcoma might have to be done cautiously throughout the patient's life.
Clinical validation of the chronic liver disease questionnaire for the Chinese population in Singapore
Authors: Chang Pik‐Eu , Tan Hiang‐Keat , Lee Yean , Fook‐Chong Stephanie , Chia Pei‐Yuh , Shaik‐Hussain Nurshifa , Lee Hwei‐Ling , Aloweni Fazila
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim

Assessment of health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) requires the use of validated instruments that are understood by patients in their native language. We previously translated the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire into the Singapore‐Mandarin version (CLDQ‐SG). This study aims to examine the internal consistency and validity of the CLDQ‐SG in patients with CLD.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of adult patients with CLD seen in a tertiary center in Singapore who completed both the CLDQ‐SG and Short Form Health Survey 36 version 2 (SF‐36v2) questionnaires. Internal consistency of the CLDQ‐SG was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Convergent and divergent validity of the SF‐36v2 was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, while discriminant validity was assessed using the Jonckheere‐Terpstra test for trend. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the factor structure of the CLDQ‐SG.

Results

We enrolled 242 subjects (68.2% males, median age 67 years). Predominant etiology of CLD was chronic hepatitis B. Severity of CLD was divided into noncirrhotic (67.3%), compensated cirrhosis (24.0%), and decompensated cirrhosis (8.7%). Item convergent and discriminant validity of the CLDQ‐SG was excellent, with 100% scaling success in all six domains. All domains exhibited good internal consistency, with Cronbach's α > 0.70. We observed a consistent trend of a reduction in mean CLDQ‐SG score in the three groups reflecting the discriminant validity of the CLDQ‐SG to assess changes in HRQOL in different severities of CLD. Factor analysis of the CLDQ‐SG demonstrated an independent factor assessing sleep.

Conclusion

The Singapore‐Mandarin version of CLDQ‐SG is a valid and reliable instrument to measure HRQOL in patients with CLD.
A comparative in silico analysis of Rab5 proteins from pathogenic species to find its role in the pathogenesis
Authors: Srivastava Vijay Kumar , Kaushik Sanket , Jyoti Anupam
Published: August 2019

The enteric protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica (Eh), is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery and liver abscess in humans. It infects around 50 million people worldwide, which is a third general cause of death from parasitic diseases after malaria and schistosomiasis. The other prevalent form of the disease is Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani which is a human blood parasite. On the other hand, the Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; it causes serious opportunistic infections in HIV‐positive persons. The biological processes in all living organisms are mostly mediated by the proteins, and recognizing new target proteins and finding their function in pathogenesis will help in choosing better diagnostic markers. In eukaryotes, Rab protein plays a major role in pathogenesis. Rabs represent the largest branch in the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Among them, the Rab5 is important in the endocytosis and thus involved in pathogenesis. In this paper, we discussed the physiochemical profiling, modelling, and docking of the Rab5 protein from pathogenic species that is Entamoeba histolytica, Leishmania donovani, and Toxoplasma gondii. The modeled structures from this study and the key residues identified would give a better understanding of the three‐dimensional structure and functional insights into these proteins and help in developing new drug targets.
Investigating How Organic Solvents Affect Tissue Culture Polystyrene Surfaces through Responses of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Arisaka Yoshinori , Yui Nobuhiko
Published: August 2019

Polymer coating of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) surfaces promotes their biofunctionality, which can aid manipulation of cellular functions. However, the effect of the solvent used for polymer coating is yet to be elucidated. In this study, solvent‐treated TCPS surfaces using water, methanol, ethanol, 2‐propanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide are fabricated. Solvent treatment of TCPS surfaces is performed by spreading solvents onto the surfaces and allowing them to dry. Solvent treatment changes the surface roughness and wettability, depending on the kind of solvents. In addition, these surface property changes affected the extension, proliferation, and differentiation of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. These results suggest that solvent selection for polymer coating is crucial in the regulation of cell responses. Further, treatment with an appropriate solvent can result in a more suitable culture environment for modulating cellular functions.
Targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases to sensitize cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Chen Zan , Xu Wei
Published: August 2019

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for many cancer patients to eliminate malignant cells and increase survival rate. However, cancer cells can develop resistance in response to radiation through activation of signaling pathways that promote cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, cell survival, and inflammation. Various combination therapies are developed to sensitize radiotherapy by targeting key signaling proteins involved in radioresponse. The past decade has seen significant advances in the knowledge of ubiquitin signaling in cancer biology. Developing E3 ubiquitin ligase‐related molecules as novel strategies to cure cancer has become an emerging field. This review briefly discusses the potential of targeting diverse E3 ubiquitin ligases as promising strategies for radiosensitization in cancer.
Immunomodulatory roles of human herpesvirus‐encoded microRNA in host‐virus interaction
Authors: Naqvi Afsar R.
Published: August 2019

Human herpesviruses (HHV) are large, double stranded, DNA viruses with high seroprevalence across the globe. Clinical manifestation of primary HHV infection resolve shortly, however, this period is prolonged in immunocompromised patients or individuals with suppressed immunity. Examining molecular mechanisms of HHV‐encoded virulence factors can provide finer details of HHV‐host interaction. A unique genetic feature of most members of HHV is that they encode multiple microRNAs (miR). In this review, I will provide mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory functions of herpesvirus‐encoded viral miR (v‐miR) that favor viral persistence and spread by ingenious immune evasion schemes. Similar to host miR, v‐miR can simultaneously regulate expression of multiple transcripts including host‐ and virus‐derived. V‐miRs, by virtue of their direct interaction with various transcripts, can regulate expression of critical components of host innate and adaptive immune system. V‐miRs are also exported through exosomal route and gain entry into various cells even at distant sites, thereby allowing HHV to manipulate cellular and tissue immunity. Targeting v‐miR may serve as a novel and promising therapeutic candidate to mitigate HHV‐mediated clinical manifestations.
Hamiltonian truncation study of supersymmetric quantum mechanics: S-matrix and metastable states
Authors: Balthazar Bruno , Rodriguez Victor A. , Yin Xi
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We implement the Rayleigh-Ritz method in supersymmetric quantum mechanics with flat directions, and extract the S-matrix and metastable resonances. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in two strongly coupled systems: an

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 toy supermembrane model, and an

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 4 model with a U(1) gauge multiplet and a charged chiral multiplet.