bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salud mental: una prioridad en Honduras ante la incertidumbre del futuro y la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: McBoyle Donald Stanford
Published: October 2021

La salud mental no siempre ha sido uno de los principales focos de atención de las sociedades e incluso de los proveedores de salud de muchos países, sobre todo en América Latina. Al contar con recursos limitados y una demanda elevada de servicios de salud mental en Honduras, es pertinente mostrar la importancia que tiene y cómo debe convertirse en una prioridad permanente, no solamente ante eventos específicos. El acceso a la salud mental en el mundo es limitado a pesar de que las cifras de enfermedades mentales y afecciones en salud mental son elevadas y van en incremento año con año. Acorde con los datos del Observatorio Mundial de Salud de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en algunos países la situación puede ser aún más crítica, como el caso de Honduras; que solamente cuenta con 0.66 médicos psiquiatras y 0.62 psicólogos por cada 100,000 habitantes, mientras que países más desarrollados como Suiza cuentan con 43.96 médicos psiquiatras y 84.14 psicólogos para el mismo rango de población.
Development of Garcinia kola capsules
Authors: DJOKO Ernest  , LANTY Willy  , NGANTCHOUKO Béranger  , TEKAM Jean Michel
Published: October 2021

Garcinia kola usually referred to as "bitter cola" is a tree found in the rainforests. Many studies have revealed the properties of its seeds: antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, antidiabetic, antioxidant. In the West Region of Cameroon these seeds are mainly used against nausea and vomiting; unfortunately, the generalization or the widening of the use of these seeds encounters some problems: the production is seasonal (June to September), the plant only grows in a small area (the departments of Moungo and Mbam and Inougou), the long storage of the seeds is not possible (they harden quickly and become unfit for consumption). The non-toxicity of these seeds having already been demonstrated by Udenze et al in 2012, in this study we wanted to develop a galenic form that is easy to produce and likely to help better use this resource by circumventing these difficulties. Garcinia kola seeds purchased in the city of Bafia, were cleaned, crushed and dried for 2 days at the temperature of 30°C and finally ground. The powder obtained was used to prepare capsules. The powder, calibrated through a 125 sieve, was homogeneous and had a residual humidity of 4%; its flavonoid content was 28 mg quercetin equivalent per gram. The capsules contained 400 mg of seed powder and titrated 3 mg quercetin equivalent of flavonoids per unit. They have responded favorably to the pharmacotechnical tests recommended by the European Pharmacopoeia 5th edition and appear to be able to allow the use of Garcinia kola seeds everywhere and in any season.
Pengaruh Pelayanan Sistem Online Dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Tiket Kereta Api Ekonomi (Study Kasus Pada Penumpang Kereta Api Ekonomi Di Stasiun Lahat)
Authors: Markus
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of online system services and promotion on the decision to purchase an economic train ticket at the Lahat train station. The total sample is 100 respondents. Data obtained from questions using a questionnaire. Respondents' answers were then analyzed by multiple linear regression using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) analysis tool version 22 for 32-bit windows. Based on the analysis conducted, online system services and promotions have a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a regression coefficient Y = 22,273 + 0.122 X1 + 0.373 X2, which means that if the online system service and promotion variables do not exist or are equal to zero (0), the purchase decision is 22,273. . In the T test, the results show that the online system service variable has no significant effect on the economic train ticket purchase decision at Lahat train station and promotion has a significant effect on the economic train ticket purchase decision at the Lahat station. for economic train tickets in the South Sumatra region.
TINJAUAN TEOLOGIS MENGENAI MESIANIS DALAM PENTATEUKH
Authors: Gaol Luhut P. Lumban
Published: October 2021

Kitab Pentateukh merupakan kitab yang menceritakan mengenai karya Allah mengenai penciptaan dan salah satu karya Allah yang istimewa yakni ketika Allah menciptakan manusia segambar dan serupa dengan Allah. Pada saat Allah menciptakan manusia di mana manusia dalam keadaan kudus dan suci. Dosa tidak ada dalam diri manusia, namun karena manusia ketika dicobai oleh Iblis dan manusia ingin sama dengan Allah, sehingga akhirnya manusia jatuh dalam dosa dan akhirnya manusia kehilangan kemuliaan dan kekudusan Allah. Memang kata Mesias sendiri tidak terdapat dalam Pentateukh (kitab Kejadian sampai Ulangan) berhubungan dengan penjelasan secara langsung, tetapi ada beberapa penjelasan yang dapat membuktikan bahwa gambaran tersebut mengarah kepada Mesias sebagai penyelamat umat manusia. Kata yang dipakai untuk menjelaskan istilah yang berhubungan dengan Mesias adalah dalam kaitan dengan kata yang diterjemahkan dalam bahasa Ibrani dan kata tersebut sebagai makna kata kerja jv^m* (m¹šah). Kata ini dapat diartikan mengurapi, menuangkan cairan; sedang mengurapi.
KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM KEBERAGAMAN INDONESIA MEMAHAMI GLOBALISASI DENGAN ANALOGI THE LEXUS AND OLIVE TREE
Authors: Wowor Fredrik U.
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan kajian pustaka untuk mengkaji dampak globalisasi. Kebenaran fundamental mengenai globalisasi adalah bahwa globalisasi itu timbul dari bawah, dari tingkat jalanan, dari dasar jiwa setiap orang, dan dari aspirasi terdalam mereka. Globalisasi adalah produk dari demokratisasi di bidang keuangan, teknologi, dan informasi, tetapi yang mendorong ketiganya adalah keinginan dasar setiap manusia yaitu kehidupan yang lebih baik, kehidupan dengan pilihan yang lebih banyak mengenai apa yang dimakan, apa yang dipakai, dimana bertempat tinggal, kemana bepergian, bagaimana bekerja, apa yang dibaca, apa yang ditulis, dan apa yang dipelajari.
MARKER BASED STANDARDIZATION OF COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS CONTAINING SHANKHAPUSHPI USING HPTLC
Authors:   C. U. Shah College Of Pharmacy S. N. D. T. Womens University Sir Vithaldas Vidhyavihar, Juhu Road Santacruz (W), Mumbai-400 049, India., Dhruv N. , Tatke P.A
Published: October 2021

A simple and rapid HPTLC has been developed for the quantitative analysis of marketed formulations of Shankhapushpi using scopoletin as a marker. HPTLC method was validated as per the ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision and specificity. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to standardize the commercial formulations of Shankhpushpi using scopoletin. The linearity range was found to be 40 to 120 ng/spot and correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9992. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 10 and 30 ng/spot, respectively. The developed method was found to be precise, reproducible, accurate and reliable.
TASTE MASKING OF OXYBUTYNIN CHLORIDE USING LIPID EXCIPIENTS AND FORMULATION AS ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS FOR GERIATRIC POPULATION
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy NH#2, Delhi- Mathura Highway Mathura - 281001, UP, India., Prakash V , Keshri L. , Sharma V. , Pathak K.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present study was to mask the bitter taste of oxybutynin chloride by lipid excipients and to develop its fast disintegrating tablet. For this purpose, a blend of two lipids, glyceryl behenate and glyceryl palmitostearate was utilized for taste masking by solvent evaporation method. The evaporation of solvent was accomplished by freeze drying and taste masked granules were characterized for their micromeritic and rheological properties. The state of dispersion was analyzed by SEM and DSC. Orodispersible tablets were then formulated (F1- F6) using Polyplasdone XL as extragranular superdisintegrant and evaluated for hardness, disintegration time, in vitro dissolution time and in vivo disintegration time. Results indicated that the formulation F6 exhibited minimum in vivo disintegration time of 8 sec with effective taste masking. In vitro release analysis indicated %DE10 and %DE25 of 51.48 and 76.53 respectively. Conclusively, taste masked orodispersible formulation of oxybutynin chloride was developed that could be beneficial for geriatric population.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF EBASTINE AND MONTELUKAST SODIUM IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND FIRST ORDER DERIVATIVE
Authors:   H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Dist Dhule (MS), 425405, India., Patil T. N , Firke S. D , Bari S. B , Joshi N. S , Bafna P. S.
Published: October 2021

A simple, precise, accurate and reproducible spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of ebastine and montelukast sodium by employing first order derivative zero crossing method in methanol and water. The first order derivative absorption at 234 nm (zero cross point of ebastine) was used for quantification of montelukast sodium and 281.60 nm (zero cross point of montelukast sodium) for quantification of ebastine. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 5-25 μg/mL for both ebastine and montelukast sodium with correlation coefficient r2 0.997 and 0.998, respectively. The mean % recoveries were found to be in the range of 102.8 – 103.2 % and 101 - 105 % for ebastine and montelukast sodium, respectively. The proposed method has been validated as per ICH guideline and successfully applied to the estimation of ebastine and montelukast sodium in their combined tablet dosage form.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMORPHOUS CEFUROXIME AXETIL
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry St John Institute of Pharmacy and Research Vevoor, Manor Road, Palghar (E), Tal-Palghar Dist-Thane-401404 Maharashtra, India., Dhokchawle B. V. , Bhandari A. B.
Published: October 2021

In the present study, amorphous form of cefuroxime axetil was prepared and characterized by various methods. The result showed that the amorphous form of cefuroxime axetil with hydrophilic carriers was successfully obtained by freeze drying. The amorphous form showed a substantially higher dissolution rate and saturation solubility than cefuroxime axetil and physical mixture. The molecular behaviour of the drug in all samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The dissolution and saturation solubility studies of the samples were performed. The X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry provided useful information to support the amorphousness of the samples.
SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL DERIVATIVES OF PLUMBAGIN
Authors:   Medicinal Natural Products Research Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Nathalal Parikh Marg Matunga, Mumbai- 400019, India., Ferreira G.M , Laddha K.S.
Published: October 2021

A series of alkyl derivatives of plumbagin (2-methyl-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), analogous to Vitamin K, have been synthesized. Plumbagin reacts with carboxylic acid in presence of silver nitrate and ammonium peroxydisulphate to form its alkyl derivatives. The compounds synthesized were characterized by MS, IR, 1 H and 13C-NMR Spectroscopy. The derivatives prepared may find application as antithrombotic agents and may facilitate designing of similar newer analogues.
STRAIN IMPROVEMENT OF A FUNGUS PRODUCING CHITINASE BY A CHEMICAL MUTAGEN
Authors:   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Manipal -576 104, India., Narayanan K , Chopade N.D. , Subrahmanyam V.M , Venkata Rao J.
Published: October 2021

Microbial chitinases are commercially exploited for their biocontrol properties and generation of useful products from chitinous waste. Availability of highly active chitinolytic enzymes is a major problem. The present study was carried out to improve chitinase production by Aspergillus terreus using a chemical mutagen, ethidium bromide. The organism was cultivated on lactose- yeast extract medium. The production medium consisting of chitin- yeast extract medium was seeded at 10% level. The wild strains were exposed to ethidium bromide in the concentration range 1.5- 6.0 µg/mL. Generally, all the mutated strains showed an improved chitinase yield compared to the control. Highest yield was observed with the strain exposed to 6 µg/mL of ethidium bromide. The yield was 25.03 % higher compared to the wild strain. The mutated strain was slimy in nature. Protein content of the mutated strain decreased by 11%. Ethidium bromide at a concentration of 1.5 µg/mL was considered optional, at which the strain was stable with increase of 21.80 % in enzyme activity and 4.41% increase in protein content. Increased enzyme yield with decreased non-specific protein could be useful in producing cost effective enzyme.
SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL BENZOTRIAZOLYL FORMAZANS AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences 395, Sarojini Naidu Road, Coimbatore-641044, India., George S , Chakraborty R. , Saleshier F. , Ravi T.K.
Published: October 2021

Benzotriazolyl hydrazide (2) has been obtained from the ester ethyl benzotriazolyl acetate (1). The hydrazide with various aromatic aldehydes in presence of glacial acetic acid gave corresponding arylidenes 3(a-h). The arylidenes were made to react with fluoro substituted diazonium salt whereby, benzotriazolyl formazans 4(a-h) were obtained. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1 H-NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against the bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli and the fungal strains Asperigillus niger and Candida albicans by two fold serial dilution technique and also for their antioxidant activity. Among the compounds tested, compound 4b (fluoro substituted derivative) showed MIC as low as 15.6 µg/mL against Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. Other derivatives also showed moderate antimicrobial activity. Also, compound 4e (methoxy substituted derivative) showed significant antioxidant activity when compared to the standard, ascorbic acid.
Effet d’un environnement informatique pour l’apprentissage humain sur la motivation des élèves à faire des mathématiques : caractéristiques des élèves et style de l’enseignant
Authors: Reyssier Stéphanie , Simonian Stéphane
Published: October 2021

Cette recherche s’intéresse à l’effet d’un environnement informatique pour l’apprentissage humain (EIAH), coconçu avec des enseignants, sur la variation de la motivation des élèves à faire des mathématiques en fonction de leur sexe, de l’appartenance socioéconomique, du niveau de motivation initiale et du style motivationnel de l’enseignant lors de l’usage de cet EIAH en classe. Les principaux résultats, obtenus auprès de 163 élèves, en mesurant leur motivation en prétest et posttest via l’échelle de Vallerand (Vallerand et al., 1989), montrent un effet positif de l’EIAH en fonction de certaines caractéristiques des élèves, notamment pour ceux étant initialement les plus démotivés à faire des mathématiques, et inversement. Cet effet se vérifie particulièrement lorsque l’enseignant favorise l’autonomie des élèves.

Mots-clés : EIAH, mathématiques, motivation autonome, modalités pédagogiques
Low-Income Black Parents Supporting Their Children’s Success through Mentoring Circles
Authors: Butler Alana
Published: October 2021

This article presents the results of a parent engagement project called “Mentoring Circles.” The project focused on the needs of low-income Black parents who have children enrolled in the Toronto District School Board. Two focus groups, with seven to eight Black parents in each group, were conducted during the summer of 2018. The study drew on theories of community wealth and funds of knowledge (González et al., 2005; Yosso, 2005), Black feminist theory (Collins, 2000; Crenshaw, 1991), and critical race theory (Delgado & Stefancic, 2012). The Black parent narratives served as counter-stories to stereotypes about Black parent disengagement in low-income communities. The low-income Black parents in the study were very engaged in their children’s education and were invested in their academic success. The Black parents strategized to support their children’s education by forming supportive peer mentoring networks and advocating for their children though relationship-building. The findings suggest that mentoring circles could serve as a model for engaging Black parents in the support of their children’s academic success.

Keywords: Black Canadian children and youth, anti-Black racism, Black parents and students, low socio-economic status, race and ethnicity, social class
A Seasonal Comparison of the Effectiveness of Parent Engagement on Student Literacy Achievement
Authors: Cathlene Hillier
Published: October 2021

Parent engagement is often promoted as a remedy for reducing achievement gaps between students from high socio-economic and low socio-economic backgrounds. However, researchers have found mixed results when examining parent engagement and student outcomes. Drawing on a study investigating the effectiveness of summer literacy camps offered by schools in Ontario, I compare the influence of parent engagement on two outcomes: (1) spring snapshot of cumulative learning, and (2) summer literacy growth/loss. In considering summer learning in regression analysis, I aim to investigate the effect of parent engagement without the influence of schools during the academic year. Out of 14 parent engagement measures, I find only three (parents’ aspirations, home resources, discussions of school with children) are positive predictors of spring literacy outcomes and that none predict summer literacy growth/loss. Family socio-economic status remains a powerful predictor of achievement for both outcomes. I interpret my findings within three proposed mechanisms of parent engagement: cultivation ethic, realist reaction, and expressive logic.

Keywords: parent engagement, literacy achievement, socio-economic status, inequality, summer learning, summer literacy camp(s)
Effect of Online Modules on Pre-Service Teacher Mental Health Literacy and Efficacy toward Inclusive Practices
Authors: Gilham Chris , Neville-MacLean Sherry , Atkinson Emily
Published: October 2021

Mental health literacy (MHL) for pre-service teachers seeks to improve knowledge and help-seeking behaviours and decrease stigma. Increased MHL may also change perceived stress and self-efficacy for inclusive practices. This cohort study evaluates the impact of an online MHL resource for educators, embedded within a mandatory Bachelor of Education (BEd) course, on pre-service teachers’ MHL, perceived stress, and teacher efficacy toward inclusive practices. Seventy-one pre-service teachers completed the course as well as pre- and post-surveys. Results demonstrated significant and substantial improvements on knowledge, help-seeking, and perceived efficacy for inclusive practices. Increased MHL may be an effective approach in meeting the requirements of inclusive education.

Keywords: mental health literacy, pre-service teachers, inclusive education, self-efficacy
Lien entre l’engagement des enfants âgés de 4-5 ans dans leurs apprentissages et des profils de la qualité des interactions en centre de la petite enfance
Authors: Bouchard Caroline , Duval Stéphanie , Parent Anne-Sophie , Robert-Mazaye Christelle , Bigras Nathalie
Published: October 2021

À l’aide d’un devis mixte, cet article vise à dégager des profils de la qualité des interactions en centre de la petite enfance (CPE) et à les mettre en relation avec l’engagement des enfants de 4-5 ans dans leurs apprentissages. La qualité des interactions a été observée auprès de 15 groupes, au moyen du Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). Puis, les éducatrices de ces groupes (N = 15) ont participé à des entretiens semi-dirigés. L’observation de l’engagement des enfants dans leurs apprentissages a été effectuée auprès de 108 enfants (n = 54 filles), à partir de l’Individualized Classroom Assessment Scoring System (inCLASS). Les résultats dévoilent trois profils de la qualité des interactions, dont l’un d’eux se démarque sur le plan du soutien à l’apprentissage. Toutefois, aucun de ces profils n’est associé à l’engagement des enfants dans leurs apprentissages.

 

Mots-clés : engagement, apprentissages, Individualized Classroom Assessment Scoring System, inCLASS, enfants de 4-5 ans, centre de la petite enfance, qualité des interactions, Classroom Assessment Scoring System, CLASS
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF AWAKE PRONE POSITIONING IN COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE HYPOXEMIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE
Authors: Rana MA , Pervaiz R , Arif B , Tariq F , Tabassum SA , Siddiqui MH , Raza S , Hafeez MM
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a leading cause of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure which can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patients are deeply sedated, paralyzed and ventilated and prone positioning is known to help in these cases. Prone positioning has been known to help in ARDS cases, but they are ventilated deeply sedated and paralyzed. The aim of the current study was to assess the safety and potential benefits of awake prone positioning in COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, performed at Bahira International Hospital Lahore. Record of confirmed COVID-19 patients with hypoxic respiratory failure was reviewed thoroughly to collect data. The duration, timing, frequency, tolerability, beneficial effects and adverse events during prone positioning were recorded from the medical records before and after self-prone positioning. Results: The current analysis showed that prone positioning is supportive to maintain good saturation (92%) as compared to keeping patients in spine position (82%). Conclusion: It can be concluded from the current study that prone position is helpful to maintain normal oxygen saturation even on low oxygen supply, helping in quick recovery and preventing oxygen induced damage to the lungs.
The Mysteries of Forecasting
Authors: Herbig Paul , Milewicz John , Golden James
Published: October 2021

This paper reports the result of a study on American business forecasting, whodoes the forecasting, how often do they do forecasts, which areas are forecasted, whattechniques are used, why they do it, and whether they are satisfied or dissatisfied withtheir forecasting efforts. We propose a set of hypotheses concerning forecasting behavior,provide results, provide conclusions, and make recommendations.
A Process for Defining What the Supervisor Really Wants
Authors: Kroll Mark , Davis Barbara , Desai Ashay , Wright Peter
Published: October 2021

As our citation suggests, people must be provided accurate direction from those they follow, if they are to be productive. In an organizational context, there is a need to communicate to subordinates what the key performance criteria are and how important the various criteria are to the supervisor. Supervisors typically feel they know which criteria are important and what values they might assign to each (Carroll and Schneier 1982). We suggest an objective method for more accurately assessing supervisors' weightings of the performance criteria used to evaluate their subordinates. We will demonstrate how this approach can define the gaps between supervisors' actual weights, what they thought the weights were they were applying, and the weights the organization feels are appropriate.
Logistics Leverage
Authors: Bowersox Donald , Mentzer John , Speh Thomas
Published: October 2021

It is the purpose of this paper to position marketing and logistics relationships in a strategic context. The strategic position of both areas is used to draw conclusions for the future relationships of marketing and logistics and to suggest the need to focus on creating "logistics leverage." Logistics leverage - the ability to achieve marketing advantage through logistics superiority - is accomplished through the resolution of nine key issues. Once resolved, logistics can be exploited to obtain and maintain significant competitive advantage.
Understanding Quasi-Integration
Authors: McWilliams Abagail , Gray Samuel
Published: October 2021

Cooperative strategies and interorganizational linkages, or quasi-integration. in vertical relationships are important concerns to strategy researchers and practitioners. In this paper, we present a model that integrates insights from transaction cost theory (an economic construct), environmental uncertainty (an organization theory construct), and resource-based theory (a strategic management construct) to explain the determinants of quasi-integration. This extends prior work which relied exclusively on transaction cost economics and organization theory to explain and predict optimal organizational form.
Improving Quality and Organizational Effectiveness Go Hand in Hand Through Deming’s Management System
Authors: Elmuti Dean , AlDiab Taisier
Published: October 2021

This study was undertaken to investigate the perceived effects of Deming's management system on employee job satisfaction, productivity, quality and overall organizational effectiveness. Three published. validated instruments on organizational characteristics were used to gather data, and extensive, open-ended interviews were conducted with production and operation managers for each of the eight firms in the study. Survey and interview results bolster the claims of proponents of Deming's quality improvement ideas that these ideas improve employee perceptions of their own job satisfaction and organizational quality. Furthermore, the results show a positive impact of Deming's management system on employee perceptions of their own productivity and overall organizational effectiveness and industrial competitiveness.
Incorporating the Natural Environment in Corporate Strategy: A Stakeholder Approach
Authors: Polonsky Michael
Published: October 2021

Developing corporate strategies dealing with the natural environment requires that the organization take into consideration a number of internal and external stakeholders. Whilst most firms understand this need, most do not have a process for examining the relevant stakeholders and including them in the environmental strategy development process. This paper discusses how firms can use the stakeholder management process to identify important environmental stakeholders. It also discusses how firms can use an expanded version of the stakeholder strategy matrix to incorporate stakeholders into the environmental strategy development process. Utilizing these tools would allow firms to develop more effective strategies to deal with the natural environment, thus reducing their vulnerability to external shocks caused by "unsatisfied" stakeholders.
Beautifully Broken Benches: A Typology of Strategic Bankruptcies and The Opportunities for Positive Shareholder Returns
Authors: Sheppard Jerry
Published: October 2021

Merchants in medieval Venice who failed to pay their debts were closed by banca rotta - the breaking of the bench from which they did their business. In some cases today, bankruptcy is seen as a beautiful strategic maneuver. While there are currently some positive aspects which can be attributed to filing for bankruptcy, there is still debate as to its merits as a strategy. To allow for a more detailed understanding of the strategic bankruptcy concept, the author defines, identifies and categorizes types of bankruptcies. To address the issue of whether bankruptcy is a worthwhile strategy the author also presents a study of the effectiveness of bankruptcy in advancing long-run shareholder wealth. A sample of 155 bankruptcies was employed to study the impact of various strategies on returns to shareholders. Some types of strategies were found to result in significantly greater returns than average.
Development of A Generic Knowledge Strategy Typology
Authors: Bierly III Paul
Published: October 2021

Knowledge strategies are the set of strategic choices related to firms' knowledge bases that provide a guideline for strategic action. In this paper, we develop a variety of possible generic knowledge strategies and discuss how they can be internally consistent, mutually reinforcing, and lead to a sustainable competitive advantage.
Relationship Banking: A Multinational Bank’s Application of Relationship Marketing
Authors: Mehta Sanjay , Maniam Balasundram , Mehta Subhash
Published: October 2021

We are witnessing a paradigm shift in the focus of marketing from one that has been transaction-oriented to one that builds a value-enhancing relationship with the customer. One of the earliest industries to jump onto the bandwagon of "relationship marketing" has been the banking industry. This paper investigates a multinational bank's use of relationship marketing by using McKinsey & Co.'s Seven-S framework. The study identifies internal marketing, service quality, human resource system, information technology, and the role of the account manager as key factors in implementing a relationship marketing strategy.
Service Classification and Management Challenges
Authors: Verma Rohit , Boyer Kenneth
Published: October 2021

Coincident with the increasing importance of services as a primary componentof the economies in developed countries, a number of theoretically derivedservice typologies have been developed, yet there has been virtually no empiricalvalidation of the proposed ideas. We conducted a survey of 273 managers infour service industries (Fast Food, Auto Repair, Retail Sales, Legal Services) totest how management challenges differ across different service industries. Wealso empirically tested a widely accepted service typology developed bySchmenner (1986) within the context of management challenges. Discriminantanalysis was utilized to test the degree to which companies can be classified intogroupings similar to the Schmenner's service process matrix according to empiricaldata rather than anecdotal observations. Our findings indicate thatwhile the service process matrix can be partially validated using empirical data,the distinctions between various industries are much ''fuzzier'' in practice.Different service industries can be classified according to empirical data, butmisclassifications do occur. In particular, misclassifications are most prevalentwhere two service industries share a common characteristic as described by theservice process matrix.
Emerging Value Propositions For M-Commerce
Authors: Clarke III Irvine
Published: October 2021

The proliferation of mobile Internet devices is creating an unparalleled opportunityfor e-commerce to leverage the benefits of mobility. Mobile e-commerce,commonly referred to as m-commerce, is the ability to purchase goodsanywhere through a wireless Internet-enabled device. Current e-commerce providers,engaged through mobile devices, will find advantage in developingunique m-commerce value propositions founded upon the specific dimensionsof: ubiquity, convenience, localization, and personalization. A consumer orientationthat provides value-for-time functions to create a new value curve mayachieve a competitive advantage over traditional e-commerce models replicated formobile business. Therefore, this paper investigates the value propositions,that engender a productive mobile e-commerce strategy to provide recommendationsfor managerial decision-making in this emerging wireless environment.
Digital Knowledge Networks: Linking Communities of Practice With Innovation
Authors: Braun Patrice
Published: October 2021

With embedded knowledge flows and innovation linked to communities ofpractice as well as technology, Australian small and medium size enterprises(SMEs) have the potential to both collaborate and compete by taking advantageof knowledge platforms founded on digital technologies and new relationships.A conceptual model is introduced that maps access to knowledge flows againstlimitations such as size and lack of interaction. It is suggested that fostering aculture of connectivity and trust amongst SMEs to initiate knowledge exchangemay offer a potential solution to the possible loss of competitive advantage forSMEs in the digital economy.
Wealth Effect For U.S. Acquirers From Foreign Direct Investments
Authors: Kiymaz Halil
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the wealth effects of foreign direct investments on U.S.firms during the period of 1989-2000. Overall findings indicate that U.S.acquirers experience statistically significant wealth gains of 0.57 percent aroundthe announcement of acquisitions. The wealth effects do vary with location oftarget firms and acquirers' industry affiliation. Acquisitions in Europe yieldsignificant positive wealth gains while acquisitions in AsiaIPacfic, NorthAmerica, and Latin/Central America regions yield negative wealth gains. Thehighest wealth gains to U.S. acquirers occur when they acquire targets inFrance followed by acquisitions in the UK. Canadian acquisitions, on the otherhand, yield negative significant wealth gains. The highest wealth gains are alsoobserved in the services industry followed by acquisitions in the manufacturingand food industries. Acquisitions in mining/extraction, paper products, andcommunications sectors, on the other hand, yield statistically significant negativewealth gains to acquirers.
The Value of Cheap-Talk and Costly Signals In Coordinating Market Entry Decisions
Authors: Sundali James , Seale Darryl
Published: October 2021

Signaling occurs when a firm attempts to indicate, truthfully or not, its intendedcourse of action. Competitors often use signaling in market entry situationsto coordinate actions, or possibly to deter entry by other firms. This paperexamines the value of cheap talk and costly signaling in a large group marketentry game. Eighty subjects, twenty in each of four groups, participated in acomputer-controlled decision making experiment. After learning the capacityof the market, subjects were given an opportunity to signal their intentions toenter or stay out. Following feedback of aggregate signals, subjects were askedto estimate the aggregate number of entry decisions they anticipated. Followingthe estimation task, subjects had to decide whether or not to enter the market,which varied in size from trial to trial. Results suggest that when no cost wasimposed on signals (cheap talk), players significantly exaggerated their intentionsto enter the market. When signals were costly, signaling behavior wasmore consistent with subsequent entry decisions. Overall, however, neithercheap talk nor costly signaling had much effect on actual market coordination,and aggregate results generally are consistent with Nash equilibrium predictions.The study concludes with a discussion of insights for researchers andmanagement practitioners.
Customer Service Management In Western and Central Europe: A Concurrent Validation Strategy In Entrepreneurial Financial Information Services Organizations
Authors: Carraher Shawn , Carraher Sarah , Mintu-Wimsatt Alma
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the present study was to test whether or not a biodata inventorycould be used to measure service orientation within global entrepreneurial organizationsin Western and Central Europe. A concurrent validation strategy wasconducted consistent with the methodology previously presented by Schoenfeldt(1999). Within the samples of 403 and 295 non-American employees, the serviceorientation ratings were highly correlated with four scales: "Extroversion,""Openness to experience, " "Conscientiousness, " and "Agreeableness" and notsignificantly correlated with "Emotional Stability. " The findings suggest that fororganizational employee development and selection, service orientation may beeffectively measured by an instrument such as this one and therefore potentiallyimprove customer service management systems.
The Influence of Board Characteristics On The Frequency of 10-K Investigations of Firms In The Financial Services Sector
Authors: Schnake Mel , Fredenberger William , Williams Robert
Published: October 2021

This study examined the possible impact of board member composition (numberof outside directors), board tenure, board size, and the number of other boards onwhich directors serve, on the number of investigations and/or legal proceedingsbrought against the sample firms by various individuals, groups, and federal andstate agencies. A sample of 180 firms were selected for study from the financialservices sector ofthe economy for the years 1998-2002.The results suggest that, contrary to theory, neither the proportion of outsidedirectors or board size had a significant affect on the number of investigationsbrought against the sample firms. Further, as predicted the results revealed asigntficant and negative link between board tenure and the number of 10K investigations,and a significant and positive relationship between the number of otherboards served on by directors and the number of investigations. Although contraryto theory, this last finding offers some evidence that directors who serve on severalother boards may become too distracted to properly monitor their firms.
Swift Trust and Distrust In Strategic Partnering Relationships: Key Considerations of Team-Based Designs
Authors: Adler Terry
Published: October 2021

We explore the integration of trust and distrust as defined by Lewicki, McAllister,and Bies (1998) with its effects on team-based designs. A hypothetical long-termcontract simulation was used to study trust and distrust through a medium-term,qualitative analysis. Results indicate that teams respond differently to trust anddistrust perceptions in the development of contracts. Discussion of the Lewickiet al. (1998) model demonstrates that while trust served to loosen formalitiesbetween teams and led to higher perceived quality, the presence of distrust led tothe development of competition between teams, higher inter-team accountabilityand lesser perceived quality.
Sustainable Growth of Payment Card Networks: A Two-Sided Market Approach
Authors: Sun Mingchun , Tse Edison
Published: October 2021

The payment card industry is a typical "two-sided market" where two groupsof agents (i.e. merchants and cardholders) interact with each other via a commonnetwork platform (i.e. a card network) and the value of participating in thenetwork for agents in one group depends on the number of participants from theother group. The positive network externalities across the two sides create the"chicken-and-egg problem": without sufficient merchants accepting a particularcard network, few consumers are willing to apply for the card; without sufficientcardholders, few merchants are willing to accept the card. While economists haveaddressed the issue from social welfare perspective, we focus on business strategyimplications. Modeling network externalities in dynamic systems, we show thatnetwork platform owners could overcome the' 'chicken-and-eggproblem" throughstrategies such as merger and acquisition, licensing, forming strategic alliance,as well as adjusting product and pricing strategies, etc. We provide a history ofthe U.S. payment card industry as empirical evidences to support our findings.
An Empirical Test of Customer Retention-Perceived Quality Link: Strategic Management Implications
Authors: Onyeaso Godwin , Adalikwu Chris
Published: October 2021

This paper employed times series econometric methods to test the theoretically-grounded link between customer retention and customer perceived quality.The results suggest that customer retention and quality have a stable positive linkbinding them together, which allows them to move together in the same directionover time. Importantly, empirical evidence of long term Granger-type causalityrunning from quality to retention, was found in support of this positive linkFinally, customers' perception of quality yesterday has a positive impact on theirlevel of retention today. It suggests that customers' memories of quality lingeron beyond the current period to positively impact customer retention levels inthe future. In this sense, quality is an intangible strategic asset in which servicemanagers should invest their capital.
Emerging Value Propositions For M-Commerce
Authors: Clarke III Irvine
Published: October 2021

The proliferation of mobile Internet devices is creating an unparalleled opportunityfor e-commerce to leverage the benefits of mobility. Mobile e-commerce,commonly referred to as m-commerce, is the ability to purchase goods anywherethrough a wireless Internet-enabled device. Current e-commerce providers, engagedthrough mobile devices, will find advantage in developing unique m-commercevalue propositions founded upon the specific dimensions of ubiquity, convenience,localization, and personalization. A consumer orientation that provides value-fortimefunctions to create a new value curve may achieve a competitive advantageover traditional e-commerce models replicated for mobile business. Therefore, thispaper investigates the value propositions, that engender a productive mobile e-commercestrategy to provide recommendations for managerial decision-making in thisemerging wireless environment.
Migration and Life Satisfaction: Evidence From Latin America
Authors: Cardenas Mauricio , Di Maro Vincenzo , Sorkin Isaac
Published: October 2021

Using data from the Gallup World Poll and Latinobarometro, we examinethe relationship between life satisfaction, vulnerabilities, and migration in LatinAmerica. We look at three kinds of insecurities: nutritional, personal, and job insecurity.We find that controlling for income, migration experience by a householdmember increases life satisfaction of the respondent. We also find, however, thatnutritional insecurities interact negatively with migration. In other words, hungerhas a devastating effect on happiness, especially in households where a member isabsent due to migration.
The Impact of Risk and Uncertainty On Remittances Into Latin American Economies
Authors: Solomon Blen
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the effects of exchange rate uncertainty and politicalrisk, after controlling for the conventional macroeconomic detenninants, on remittancestransfers into eight Latin American countries during the period of 1990-2006.The results suggest that an increase in exchange rate uncertainty reduces remittancesflows into these countries. Furthennore, an increase in political risk seems to havea negative but statistically insignificant impact on remittances transfers. Based onthe findings of this paper, we can say that governments of the remittance receivingcountries can influence the inflow of remittances by means of adopting appropriatemacroeconomic policies to reduce exchange rate uncertainty and also by improvingtheir political environments.
An Examination of The Impact of Firm Size and Age On Managerial Disclosure of Intellectual Capital By High-Tech Companies
Authors: Sonnier Blaise , Carson Kerry , Carson Paula
Published: October 2021

A sample of 143 high-technology firms was examined to determine if therewere inverse relationships between the size and age of companies and their levelof intellectual capital disclosure. Weak inverse relationships were found betweennumber of employees and level of disclosure and between total assets and levelof disclosure. There was, however, a significant inverse relationship between firmage and level of disclosure. Multivariate regression provided support that firm agewas a significant predictor of level of intellectual capital disclosure. It appears thatyoung companies use increased disclosure to signal to the market their real valueand prospects.
Chief Executive Background Characteristics and Environmental Scanning Emphasis: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Angriawan Arifin , Abebe Michael
Published: October 2021

This study empirically examined the relationship among Chief ExecutiveOfficer's (CEO) industry tenure, intrapersonal functional diversity and thelevel of environmental scanning emphasis among 90 manufacturing firms in thecomputer and food processing industries. Drawing from the managerial cognitionand upper echelons theories, we hypothesized that CEOs who have diverseintrapersonal functional background (generalists) and longer single industry tenureare more likely to emphasize scanning both the task and general industryenvironments. Our findings generally support a positive relationship betweenthe length of industry tenure, intrapersonal functional diversity and environmentscanning emphasis. Implications for further strategic decision-making researchare discussed.
Price-Cap Regulation and The Incentive To Cooperate In Research
Authors: Frank Mark
Published: October 2021

This paper considers the impact of price-cap regulation on R&D and theincentive of firms to form research joint ventures. Using a symmetric two-stageduopoly model of cost-reducing R&D with multiple forms of research cooperation,we find that R&D is greatest when firms fully cooperate in research and share allresearch knowledge. Price-cap regulation, however, appears to have a small butnegative effect on R&D, leading to lower total welfare.
The Competitive Cohort: An Extension of Strategic Understanding
Authors: Flint Gerald , Van Fleet David
Published: October 2021

The use of referent others to establish the concept of competitive cohortsis presented as a way to extend the understanding of strategic decision making inorganizations. The competitive cohort concept does not replace other perspectivesof the firm, industry or strategic group definitions, strategy formulation, or decisionmaking, but rather, helps in understanding how organizational goals are establishedand performance is shaped and measured. The use of the competitive cohort conceptmay also give a new coherency in and view of the concepts of competitive advantageand sustained competitive advantage.
Moderating Effect of Hofstede's Cultural Values On The Locus of Control/Job Performance Relationship of Managers In USA, Mexico, South Korea, and Hong Kong
Authors: Leach-Lopez Maria
Published: October 2021

This study evaluates relationships between job performance, locus of control,and cultural values. Survey data was collected from 265 managers working for UScontrolled firms located in the US, Hong Kong, South Korea and Mexico. Findingsindicate that there is a stronger relationship between reported job performance and amanager’s personality versus the manager’s culture. These results should help multinationalfirms better understand a significant influence on the job performance ofmid-level managers working in different countries. US controlled, manufacturingmultinational firms can feel confident when designing management control systemsat the individual level regardless of the country in which they operate.
Optimal CEO Incentive Contracts: A Prospect Theory Explanation
Authors: Harris Michael , Aaron Joshua , McDowell William , Cline Brandon
Published: October 2021

This study examines the relationship between CEO incentive-based compensationand firm performance, based on the role of prospect theory in executivecompensation. Our results indicate that moderate levels of performance-based CEOcompensation are generally optimal. When an executive’s total compensation packageis based more on firm performance there is often a level of higher returns, but toa point of diminishing return. Our findings suggest that boards must clearly communicatewith CEOs to determine the most appropriate levels of incentive-based compensation.Additional managerial and theoretical implications are offered, as well as avenues for future research.