bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epilogue
Authors: Ehlers Sarah
Published: May 2020

This brief epilogue summarizes the major conclusions of Left of Poetry and suggests how the book’s arguments might alter contemporary discourses about the intersection of poetry and left politics. The epilogue concludes with readings of Langston Hughes’s “Wait” and Muriel Rukeyser’s “Poem (I lived in the first century of world wars.”
Prosperity So Easily Obtained
Authors: Pérez Jr. Louis A.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the process by which the expansion of sugar production, that is, agriculture for export, displaced production of food stuff, that is, displaced agriculture for domestic consumption.
An Uncertain Source of Wealth
Authors: Pérez Jr. Louis A.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the emergence of economic nationalism among Cuban producing classes, and especially efforts of the government of Gerardo Machado government (1926-1933) to engage in import substitution programs
On Mediation and Magnetism: Or, Why Destroy Saint Shrines?
Authors: Spadola Emilio
Published: May 2020

The author has analyzed reformist movements that have criticized non-Hajj pilgrimage sites and saint veneration. Discussing “spiritual magnetism” of the shrine, the author describes the shrine destructions in the current Middle East, North and West Africa, and Central Asia and tries to unfold the very social and cultural bases of anti-pilgrimage forces especially the Shabab movement and the Fatwa on Sufi shrines.
Black Food Geographies
Authors: Reese Ashanté M. , Cooper Dara
Published: May 2020

In this book, Ashanté M. Reese makes clear the structural forces that determine food access in urban areas, highlighting Black residents’ navigation of and resistance to unequal food distribution systems. Linking these local food issues to the national problem of systemic racism, Reese examines the history of the majority-Black Deanwood neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Reese not only documents racism and residential segregation in the nation’s capital but also tracks the ways transnational food corporations have shaped food availability. By connecting community members’ stories to the larger issues of racism and gentrification, Reese shows there are hundreds of Deanwoods across the country. Reese’s geographies of self-reliance offer an alternative to models that depict Black residents as lacking agency, demonstrating how an ethnographically grounded study can locate and amplify nuances in how Black life unfolds within the context of unequal food access.
“The Savages of Virginia Our Project”
Authors: Working Lauren
Published: May 2020

This chapter investigates how debates about “the Indians” or the Powhatans informed Jacobean political thought. By calling it “our project,” Gray rendered “the savages” a collective concern, one that implicated Londoners as well as colonists. Through an examination of several sources and events from 1619, contrasted against the criticisms and bitter accusations of mismanagement following the 1622 massacre and the dissolution of the Virginia Company several years later, this study suggests that the English experience in Jamestown played a vital role in shaping nascent concepts of imperium in the early seventeenth century and that English interactions with indigenous tribes played a crucial part in metropolitan articulations of civil society. Ultimately, this chapter demonstrates that the earliest attempts at colonization was not just a case of the English acting on America but also that America and its peoples informed English discourses of state and society from its inception, far earlier than is generally assumed.
Setting Up the Voter Education Project, 1959–1962
Authors: Faulkenbury Evan
Published: May 2020

This chapter explains the origins of the VEP. Over four years, three very different sides came together to form the VEP: the Department of Justice, civil rights activists, and liberal philanthropists. After John F. Kennedy became President, the Department of Justice under his brother, Robert F. Kennedy, signalled a willingness to help African Americans vote. Civil rights activists worked with philanthropists like Stephen Currier to create a source of funds for widespread registration fieldwork. Working together, all parties sought tax-exemption for the project, and to do so, they kept the VEP idea discreet because they did not want to attract attention from segregationists in government.
Calcium-loaded gelatin nanoparticles as a source of agricultural fertilizer
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Juan-Martínez Erwin San , Sandoval-Villa Manuel ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris ,   Colegio de Postgraduados, Jiménez-Flores Yolanda ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Aguilar-Méndez Miguel Angel ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Published: May 2020

ntroduction: The productivity of current agricultural practices depends largely on the use of fertilizers. A major limitation of conventional fertilizers is their low crop yields, so the development and application of new types of fertilizers using nanotechnology are potentially effective options for increasing agricultural production. Objective: To synthesize and characterize calcium-loaded gelatin nanoparticles, and evaluate their behavior as controlled-release systems. Methodology:The nanoparticles were obtained by spray drying. The physicochemical characteristics of the particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy, while their behavior as controlled release systems was evaluated by in vitro tests. Results: Calcium-loaded gelatin nanoparticles with average sizes below 700 nm, mainly spherical morphology and smooth microstructure were obtained. FTIR spectra showed the formation of electrostatic interactions between the charge and the gelatin. In vitro tests allowed to assume that the biopolymer matrix acted adequately in the controlled release of calcium ions. Limitations of the study: The physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials only apply to the processing conditions used. Originality: There are no reports on calcium-loaded biopolymer nanomaterials with potential application in agriculture. Conclusions: Gelatin nanoparticles, with adequate morphology and sizes, which act as controlled calcium release systems were obtained.
A ONTOLOGIA DO TRABALHO: O PARADGMA NEOLIBERAL E SUAS CONSEQUENCIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Nobre Lopes Fátima Maria , Silva Filho Adauto Lopes da
Published: May 2020

Tomando como premissa a instauração da vida social dos homens, Marx assinala duas dimensões ontológicas do trabalho: a positiva, como base constitutiva e eterna da vida social dos homens; e a negativa, como contingente e superável posto que se refere à sua dimensão alienada, estranhada, sob a forma de fetichismo da mercadoria, e que se espalha por todos os complexos sociais, inclusive na educação escolar. Essas considerações de Marx, depois retomadas por Lukács, podem ser constatadas na atualidade, e mais ainda diante das reformas neoliberais vinculadas ao processo de globalização. Partindo dessas considerações este artigo objetiva delinear a ontologia do trabalho nessa dupla dimensão, destacando que o paradigma neoliberal tem suas consequências não somente no processo do trabalho, mas, também, na educação escolar cuja finalidade passa a ser a formação do trabalhador para a economia de mercado.
AGUDIZACIÓN ULTRA NEOLIBERAL, EDUCACIÓN Y FORMACIÓN DOCENTE EN BRASIL Y ARGENTINA
Authors: Magalhães Solange Martins de Oliveira , Araújo Sônia , Argüello Susana Beatriz
Published: May 2020

El artículo analiza el devenir de las políticas neoliberales en el campo de la educación en general y de laformación docente en particular en Brasil y Argentina desde la década de 1990. En primer lugar seplantea el neoliberalismo como movimiento ideológico que a partir de las décadas de 1970 y 1980 derivaen un período de re-estructuración económica, de reajustes sociales y políticos, y nuevas decisionesgubernamentales de acuerdo con las directrices neoliberales. Se señala el papel de los organismosinternacionales como la UNESCO, el BM y el BID como actores que tuvieron un lugar fundamental en ladifusión de estas ideas orientadas a minimizar el papel del Estado y fortalecer la iniciativa privada,contribuyendo directamente al sostenimiento de la desigualdad social. El texto recorre legislaciones,programas y proyectos formulados y desarrollados en Brasil y Argentina que si bien dan cuenta dediferencias nacionales importantes derivadas de factores exógenos y endógenos de los propios países, almismo tiempo expresan el poder de la influencia regulatoria de los organismos internacionales en laformación de profesores.
Sammendrag av doktorgradsavhandlinger
Authors: Franck Karianne , Lauritzen Tonje
Published: May 2020

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Sted, fortelling og literacy: Om sammenhengen mellom sted, kultur og barns læring og språkutvikling
Authors: Nordstrand Anne W. , Karsrud Fridunn Tårå
Published: May 2020

Gjennom egen forskning og erfaringer fra barnehage og skole over flere år har vi sett sammenheng mellom muntlig formidling av kulturens fortellinger og barns læring og språkutvikling. Vi har denne gang forsket ut fra følgende problemstilling: Hvordan kan muntlig fortelling av historier med basis i et lokalsamfunn bidra til å utvikle barns literacy og stedstilhørighet? Literacy forstår vi som bred kompetanse til å kunne kommunisere med verbaltekst, bilder og andre meningsbærende tegn og til å tolke og vurdere tekster. Vi forstår sted som en levd verden som skapes og endres av mennesker og dermed har betydning for tilhørighet (Birkeland 2012). Vi har innhentet data gjennom observasjoner, dokumentasjoner og intervju. Fortellingene er hentet fra skriftlige og muntlige kilder. Materialet viser at barna har tatt i bruk og forstått innholdet av nye ord knyttet opp mot naturformasjoner, skogbruk og industri. De har økt sin fortellerlyst og fortellerkompetanse og vist stolthet over å kjenne bygdas historie.
Fra Redaksjonen
Authors: . .
Published: May 2020

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Kulturel forkælelse i børnehøjde: Kulturformidling til børn og forestillinger om børnekultur, demokrati og dannelse
Authors: Kortbek Hjørdis Brandrup
Published: May 2020

”Steder i Ishøj. Steder i mig” var et kulturformidlingsprojekt til børn, der fandt sted i en forstad til København i foråret 2014. Projektet var et tværinstitutionelt samarbejde, som havde til hensigt at skabe nye former for formidling af kunst og kultur til nye brugere med særligt fokus på børn i boligsociale områder. Artiklen præsenterer en kulturanalyse af kulturformidlingsprojektet i lyset af teorier om børnekultur, demokrati og dannelse. ”Steder i Ishøj. Steder i mig” blev iscenesat som en dannelsesrejse inden for et kulturkompleks med henblik på at transformere ikke-brugere til deltagende medborgere. På den ene side var projektet præget af kulturkompleksets iscenesatte orden med kulturformidling for og med børn, men på den anden side indskev børnene deres egne forståelsesrammer i projektet. Den måde børnekultur, demokrati og dannelse blev operationaliseret i projektet, illustrerer nogle væsentlige problemstillinger i relation til forestillingen om demokratisk formidling af kunst og kultur til børn.
English abstract
”Places in Ishoej. Places in me” was a cultural communication project for children taking place in a socially challenged suburb of Copenhagen during spring 2014. The project was a cross-institutional cooperation developing new kinds of cultural communication for new users with a focus on children in social housings. The article presents a cultural analysis of the cultural communication project in the light of theories of children’s culture, democracy and civic learning. ”Places in Ishoej. Places in me” was staged as an educational journey within a culture complex and tried to transform cultural non-users to participating citizens. On the one hand the project was marked by the cultural order of the culture complex for and with children, but on the other hand the children inscribed their own understandings within the project. The way children’s culture, democracy and civic learning was operationalized in the project illustrate some significant problems in relation to the notion of democratic communication of art and culture for children.
Konsumtionens plats i barns medievärldar
Authors: Ågren Ylva
Published: May 2020

Syftet med föreliggande artikel är att synliggöra hur barn talar om innebörden av medlemskap på två populära spelsajter för barn, samt hur föräldrar reglerar och förhåller sig till detta medlemskap. Det empiriska materialet är baserat på en avhandling om syskonsamspel och barns mediebruk i hemmiljö och består av deltagande observation med videokamera, intervjuer samt textanalys av spelsajterna. Med begreppen situerad konsumtion och interaktionserbjudande som analytiska verktyg dokumenterar artikeln hur medlemskapet ger ett mervärde för barnen genom ökade handlingsmöjligheter i spelen och i form av socialt åtråvärda positioner i relation till syskon och kamrater. Detta pekar på hur konsumtion och barns mediebruk är nära kopplade till en social kontext utanför hemmet, ett faktum som också påverkar hur föräldrarna väljer att reglera eventuella medlemskap. Artikeln argumenterar även för att den här typen av kommersiell barnkultur, och betydelsen den har för barn och unga, tydligare bör inkluderas på det barnkulturella forskningsfältet.
English abstract
This article focuses on the ways in which children talk about membership on virtual gaming sites for children and how parents regulate and relate to such memberships. The article draws on empirical data from an ethnographic study about sibling interaction and children’s everyday media practices in their homes, and include participant observation with video camera, interviews and textual analysis of the gaming sites. The article highlights how the membership conveys surplus value to the children through expanded possibilities and action for the child player and status markers in relation to siblings and peers. This implicates a close link between consumption and children’s media use and to a social context outside the home, a fact that influences how parents choose to handle the membership. The article also argues for the importance of also including commercial culture in the child cultural research field and for not restricting our analyses of children’s culture to a preconceived set of categories.
Lekens rolle i skandinaviske skolefritidsordninger og fritidshjem
Authors: Øksnes Maria , Knutas Agneta , Ludvigsson Ann , Falkner Carin , Kjær Bjørg
Published: May 2020

I en kommentar til Barnekonvensjonens artikkel 31 advarer FN (2013) mot et økende læringstrykk. En konsekvens av dette er at vilkårene for den frie, spontane leken forringes og at barns frie lek settes under press. Med dette som bakteppe vil vi gjennom en inn- og utlesning undersøke hvordan lekens rolle i skolefritidsordningen/fritidshjem kan forstås i styringsdokumentene i Danmark, Norge og Sverige. Vår innlesning viser at det finnes tolkningsrom som åpner for å forstå styringsdokumentene ut fra et dominerende perspektiv på lek som noe instrumentelt. Utlesningen viser at tvetydigheten også inviterer til en perspektivforskyvning der lek kan betraktes som noe som har egen verdi.
Import: Ungdomar skapar etniska kategoriseringar
Authors: Wiltgren Layal Kasselias
Published: May 2020

Så gott som all samtida etnicitetsforskning utgår från att etnicitet, likt andra identitetskategorier, är socialt skapad. I denna studie visar jag hur ungdomar i en högstadieskola i utkanten av Stockholm använder den lokalt skapade benämningen import för att humoristiskt benämna människor som har migrerat. Trots att import till viss del syftar på en nylig territoriell förflyttning handlar benämningen framförallt om stil och beteenden. Det är en kategori som är öppen, flytande, rörlig och till viss del inkluderande då ungdomar på ett lekfullt sätt kan ta sig ut och in ur kategorin. Studien bygger på ett årslångt fältarbete i två åttondeklasser där samtliga ungdomar inom sina familjer har erfarenhet av migration.
The New Scenario for Chilean Trade Policy
Authors: Novik A. Ana , Nazal Paulina
Published: May 2020

This is a personal reflection; it does not necessarily represent the opinion of the OECD or its members, nor of the Undersecretariat for International Economic Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile.
Jacques the Sophist
Authors: Cassin Barbara
Published: May 2020

“The psychoanalyst is a sign of the presence of the sophist in our time, but with a different status.” The surprising confluence of Lacanian psychoanalysis and the texts of the Ancient Greek sophists in Jacques the Sophist: Lacan, Logos, and Psychoanalysis becomes a springboard for Barbara Cassin’s highly original re-reading of the writings and seminars of Jacques Lacan. Sophistry, since Plato and Aristotle, has been represented as philosophy’s negative alter ego, its bad other, and this allows her to draw out the “sophistic” elements of Lacan’s own language or how, as she puts it, Lacan “philosophistises”. What both sophists and Lacan have in common is that they radically challenge the very foundations of scientific rationality, and of the relationship of meaning to language, which is shown to operate performatively, at the level of the signifier, and to distance itself from the primacy of truth in philosophy. Our time is said to be the time of the subject of the unconscious, bound to the sexual relationship which does not exist, by contrast with the Greek political animal. As Cassin demonstrates, in a remarkable tour de force, this can be expressed variously in terms of discourse as a social link that has to be negotiated between medicine and politics, between sense and non-sense, between mastery and jouissance. Published originally in French in 2012, Cassin’s book is translated into English for the first time by Michael Syrotinski and includes his translator’s notes, commentary, and index.
Welcoming Finitude
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M.
Published: May 2020

The book provides a phenomenological investigation of Orthodox Christian liturgical practice for three audiences: liturgical theologians, phenomenologists of religion, and Orthodox Christians. It draws on (primarily French) phenomenology as the methodology for an exploration of the various facets of liturgical experience in the eastern Christian tradition: the ways in which it negotiates time and space, the ways in which it shapes body, senses, and affect, and the ways in which it forms communal and personal identity.
Bio Phantoms Mimicking the Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Human Skin Tissue at Low-Frequency Ranges
Authors: Kalra Anubha , Lowe Andrew , Anand Gautam
Published: May 2020

Tissue phantoms are widely used as substitute materials for real tissue validation of various newly emerging biomedical technologies such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is no specific recipe for fabricating skin-mimicking phantoms which can mimic both the mechanical and dielectric properties of human skin at lower frequency ranges.

The objective of this paper is to present a variety of tissue-mimicking materials for filling this research gap in the lower frequency range from 20 Hz to 300 kHz. The starting point of our experiments is based on the oil-in-gelatin based tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) that have shown to mimic the dielectric properties of human skin in higher frequency ranges. This paper examines the mechanical and dielectric performance of five major classes of tissue-mimicking materials (1) Oil-in-gelatin, (2) lignin and graphene nanopowder in gelatin, (3) gelatin and distilled water, (4) mixed oil in gelatin and distilled water, and (5) lignin in gelatin and distilled water.

Mechanical and electrical testing was performed using compression testing and parallel plate method respectively. The effect of electrode polarization was considered in the measured data and the intrinsic impedance values were found to be following the Cole-Cole equation. The Young's modulus range of all tissue-mimicking materials was within the range of skin.
2020/3 Failure to reinstate an employee upon her return from parental leave in her initial position or a similar position with equivalent remuneration can constitute indirect gender discrimination (FR)
Authors: Toumieux Claire , Ekrami Susan
Published: May 2020

2020/3 Failure to reinstate an employee upon her return from parental leave in her initial position or a similar position with equivalent remuneration can constitute indirect gender discrimination (FR)

Failure to reinstate an employee upon her return from parental leave in her initial position or a similar position with equivalent remuneration can constitute indirect gender discrimination.
DIALOGUING WITH OUTFIT – DIALOGUING
WITH ICONOLOGY. ON THE PROCESS
OF EXHIBITION CREATION
Authors: Szaradowski Piotr
Published: May 2020

The process of an exhibition being created in
a space difficult to arrange, i.e. within the former Pszczyna
Castle Stable, is discussed. In its concept, the display
bonded the collection of the Castle Museum in Pszczyna in
a dialogue with the study collection of the Fashion Museum.
The Author analyses the manner in which the use of Erwin
Panofsky’s iconology allowed to create a cohesive narrative
composed of 25 minor stories of clothing, fashion, their
mutual relation, and reference to the surrounding objects.
This, in turn, leads to the deliberation on clothing itself
and its aspects that can be investigated through different
research means, in some cases concentrating on its material
properties, in others, on the cultural ones. Therefore, the
conclusions reached are of a general character, allowing
to be used in a preparation of similar exhibitions also in
other spaces.
The application of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Szymański Wojciech , Gornowicz Agnieszka , Bielawska Anna , Bielawski Krzysztof
Published: May 2020

Targeted therapy is associated with the use of drugs designed against specific molecular targets. Their mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of specific signaling pathways in processes related to the development of cancer (proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis or metastasis). One of the most important methods of treatment is immunotherapy, which uses monoclonal antibodies. Their mechanism of action is based on inducing programmed cell death by inhibiting specific signal transduction processes. However, immunotherapy has a number of limitations, including side effects that may endanger the patient’s life. To overcome those obstacles immunoconjugates were developed, which combine a monoclonal antibody, or its fragment, with
a drug using a stable linker. Their mechanism of action is based on the monoclonal antibody
binding to a cell membrane receptor, their internalization, the degradation of the linker, and the
release of the drug attached to the antibody, which then activates specific genes or proteins or
induces apoptosis. Immunoconjugates represent a promising alternative for anticancer treatment
used today, but their use is associated with some obstacles. Nanotechnology helps to solve
these problems with a chemotherapeutics delivery system called immunonanoparticles. It uses
chemotherapeutics encapsulated in nanoparticles in combination with monoclonal antibodies
displaying the ability of selective recognition and binding with molecular targets on the surface
of selected cancer cells. This review focuses on presenting the most important solutions used
in targeted therapy, which combine traditional immunotherapy with modern nanotechnology.
Aalaap
Authors: Nagar Richa , Sangathan Sangtin Kisan Mazdoor , Theatre Parakh
Published: May 2020

This opening section conveys, in the form of a bilingual poem (in English and Hindustani), the intellectual and political aspirations and commitments of the book while also introducing the reader to its blended and multilingual genre. The poem registers protest through metaphors and materialities of hunger, theatre, and manual labor. The refrain, "translation, no italics" underscores the manner in which the translations are forever shifting and evolving as a part of ongoing journeys; they cannot be fixed and reduced to their italicized equivalents.
Closing Notes
Authors: Nagar Richa , Sangathan Sangtin Kisan Mazdoor , Theatre Parakh
Published: May 2020

The Closing Notes are co-authored by Richa Nagar with Siddharth Iyengar and Sara Musaifer, two of the 27 participants who immersed themselves in the first two semesters of the teaching of 'Stories, Bodies, Movements' at the University of Minnesota. Iyengar is a doctoral candidate in Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior and Sara Musaifer is pursuing her Ph.D. in Comparative International Development Education. This co-authorship of the closing notes embodies the anti-disciplinary and anti-hierarchical vision and ongoing nature of the project of hungry translations. Through reflections on their own unlearning and relearning processes during the making of two plays in class, 'Re/telling Disappearing Tales' (Spring 2017) and 'Fractured Threads' (Fall 2017), the three authors collectively re-enact, in a radically vulnerable mode, the key arguments of the book.
Sex Researcher
Authors: Davis Susan G.
Published: May 2020

In the years 1934-40, Gershon Legman defined his life’s work and taught himself the skills he would use in his richly productive research career. Moving to New York City after graduating high school, at the height of the Great Depression, he tried to make a career for himself as a writer about sex. Legman was taken on as a sex researcher and bibliographer for the eminent gynecologist Robert L. Dickinson. He also worked as a book scout and courier in underground erotica publishing, shuttling merchandise around for the book dealer Frances Stellof. He learned printing, layout, binding, and book design in the workshop of Jacob Brussel. His first publication as a folklorist, a glossary of homosexual slang, was researched with Thomas Painter for the Committee on Sex Variants, under Dr. Dickinson’s auspices. Also, during these years, Legman aimed to shatter the censorship barriers in literary publishing. He worked as a dollar-a-page pornographer, impersonating Henry Miller, among others. With Brussel, he brought out the first American edition of Henry Miller’s Tropic of Cancer and under a pseudonym published his own first book, Oragenitalism, a treatise on oral sex. Both volumes were highly illegal, and when they were seized in a police raid, Legman barely escaped arrest.
“The Ballad” and the Horn Book
Authors: Davis Susan G.
Published: May 2020

While working on his studies of suppressed erotic folk song, Legman wrote a series of studies on the historical and bibliographic problems of studying erotica in an era of censorship. These appeared in The Horn Book (1963) to praise from American and English folklorists. Legman continued to try to compile the definitive work on censored folk song in English, now collaborating with journalist Ed Cray. After several years of sharing materials and ideas, Cray published his own book based in part on their joint labors, and Legman was forced to put his ballad project aside. These years also saw the end of his marriage to Beverley Keith, the birth of his daughter Ariëla, and his unsuccessful attempt to return to the United States in 1964 as a visiting scholar and lecturer. Also, in 1964-65, Legman was able to observe the San Francisco counterculture and the Berkeley free speech movement and wrote up his harshly negative conclusions in his pamphlet The Fake Revolt (1967).
The Key to the Fields
Authors: Davis Susan G.
Published: May 2020

Legman continued his working life in exile at La Clé des Champs, his homestead in the Alpes-Maritimes, France, where he had settled with his first wife in 1960. In rural isolation, Legman depended heavily on correspondence with scholars outside France, as he continued to produce his series Advanced Studies in Folklore. After the death of Beverley Keith in 1966, he married Judith Evans, a young American who would be his partner in research, writing, and editing for the next three decades. With Judith he settled down, welcoming three children and expanding his small barn in the woods into a home. He continued to produce books and articles on erotic folklore, censorship, and bibliography. The Legmans welcomed scholarly visitors and journalists, who left vivid accounts of their family and working life.
Introduction
Authors: Durkin Hannah
Published: May 2020

This book explores Josephine Baker and Katherine Dunham’s contributions to the page and screen to shed new light on their intellectual interventions as Black women artists in midcentury transatlantic culture. Cinematic and literary spaces were for Baker and Dunham sites of mediation and marginalization in which they frequently shared authorship with white men. Yet they are also rare visual and textual records of Black women dancers’ midcentury artistry and authorship. On the page, they voiced the challenges of navigating interwar global spaces as young Black women, and their narratives shed vital light on the origins and purpose of their art. On the screen, they claimed the right to stardom while at the same time retaining some artistic autonomy and even shaping their films’ aesthetics.
Conclusion
Authors: Durkin Hannah
Published: May 2020

The conclusion summarizes the book’s key arguments. It reflects on the significance of Baker and Dunham’s memoirs and films in revealing the limitations of their roles as midcentury Black women artists and also their authorship despite such restrictions and their important contributions to literature and cinema. Baker and Dunham’s memoirs show how they each used dance to engage self-reflexively with pseudo-ethnographic tropes and to contest dehumanizing attitudes to Black Atlantic cultures and identities. Such texts reveal the origins of their antiracist philosophies and call attention to their international contributions to the civil rights and Black Arts movements. Equally, their screen careers expand our understanding of African American film history by revealing key moments of early Black female stardom and authorship beyond the realm of Hollywood.
The Secret Feminist Cabal
Authors: Jones Gwyneth
Published: May 2020

“The Secret Feminist Cabal” examines the community in which Joanna was “first among equals” and her importance to feminist fandom, before focusing on the remarkable “Khatru symposium on women in science fiction” in which a group of established writers, newcomers, and one man, Chip Delany, plus one supposed man “James Tiptree Jr.” (Alice Sheldon) discussed, in circulated letters, not only the place of women in sf but also feminism’s entire agenda: including childcare, motherhood, ecology issues, sexual harassment, male heroines, female heroes, the gender pay gap, power struggles, and coercive legislation. Joanna’s most powerful expression of her political manifesto appears here. Stories and essays discussed include “Towards an Aesthetic of Science Fiction,” “The Zanzibar Cat,” and “The Autobiography of My Mother.”
The Spook by Science Fiction’s Door
Authors: Jones Gwyneth
Published: May 2020

“The Spook by Science Fiction’s Door” discusses Joanna’s legendary “anger” and “aggression” in the light of the virulent male outrage her overtly feminist sf provoked, and the (covert) hostility to feminism of even trusted male colleagues. Her problematic fourth novel, We Who Are About To… (1976/77) is reassessed, emphasizing the deliberately schematic structure of this morality play about a failed radical activist, squabbling starship castaways, and “pregnancy by rape.” Pregnancy by rape is also the theme of an important essay, “Amor Vincit Foeminam,” discussed here, along with valuable, insightful essays on H. P. Lovecraft and horror fiction. Stories and reviews include a fine, Lovecraftian tribute to the actor Cecily Tyson, “My Boat”; and a critical response to Kate Wilhelm’s excellent but rather antifeminist The Clewiston Test.
Black Stud, White Desire
Authors: Miller-Young Mireille , Livermon Xavier
Published: May 2020

This chapter addresses the case of Hannah Elias who labored in New York’s interracial sex trade and became the mistress of one her white customers, John R. Platt. When their affair was exposed to New York residents, the eighty-four-year-old businessman charged the thirty-nine-year-old black divorcee with extorting from him over $685,000 between 1896 and 1904. While the charges leveled against Elias suggested criminal activity, the court testimony revealed the contours of a consensual seventeen (rather than seven) year-old interracial relationship and the complex trajectory of a poor, fair-skinned black woman from Philadelphia who eventually became, for some, a rich, racially-ambiguous New York homeowner and businesswoman. In order to prove that Platt had willingly engaged in their relationship and supported her financially rather than being blackmailed into paying her, Elias understood that she needed to reveal the trajectory of their intimate liaisons. Defying the stock image of the sexually deviant black woman prevalent in popular culture and white society, Elias articulated this narrative without regard for public censure. Her unapologetic revelations about her “low life” as a poor woman, sex worker, entrepreneur, and mistress provide a unique opportunity to explore how one turn-of-the-twentieth century black woman publicly framed the story of her sexual behavior. Elias’s story was her own; she refused to be defined as victimized by a powerful white man. By doing so, she left a set of sources that disrupt how the larger society scripted her and, instead, defined her own flawed truth.
“Hannah Elias Talks Freely”
Authors: Hicks Cheryl D.
Published: May 2020

The image of the buck or Mandingo, which has historically found expression in advertising, popular culture, science, news, law, and policy, effects a powerful purchase on our national psyche. The Mandingo’s figurative though sustained life illuminates the ways in which myths about black men’s bodies incite particular kinds of fantasies and instantiate specific relationships of power. Perhaps the most insistent archetype of black masculinity, the Mandingo has been mobilized by a number of actors, including black men who have sought to defy, appropriate, or reinvent the image. Framing black men as possessing a primitive, unquenchable, and even dangerous sexuality –a sexuality that thwarts prohibitions and demands containment– the Mandingo is an ideological construction invented by white heteropatriarchy to effectively police the racial-sexual border. Embedded in the Mandingo construct are potent opposing energies: racial hatred and racialized desire. How then does the mobilization of the Mandingo in contemporary cuckold pornography speak to the desire for and fear of black men as objects for pornographic consumption by white men and women? This chapter investigates the sexual economy of sub-cultural, amateur pornography in which black men are figured as BBC (big black cock) studs central to the fetishistic fantasies of white couples. Highlighting the multiple and mobile desires, relations, and labors evident in “cuckolding socialities”, this chapter looks at pornography as a market for black men’s sex work, and as a space of discipline and containment as well as of queer possibility.
No Bodily Rights Worth Protecting
Authors: Williams Erica Lorraine
Published: May 2020

The sexual labor of music making began, in earnest, with the classic Blues women of the 1920s who epitomized the turn to a national Black popular culture. Gertrude “Ma” Rainey was one of the most prolific of her cohort and made a career describing, in intimate detail, the interior lives of Black women and working class communities. Her popularity was a testament to her talents as a singer and performer but also to the skill of those around her, including the “Father of the Gospel Blues,” composer Thomas Dorsey and his wife, seamstress Nettie Dorsey. The materiality of the relationship shared between Mrs. Dorsey and Rainey is found in the dresses painstakingly sewn by Dorsey and glamorously displayed on stage by Rainey. While pleasant for the eye, these dresses also carry sounds—the music of its making as well as its performative display, making this object a text. In this examination, Redmond exposes the close proximities that exist within the costumes sewn by Mrs. Dorsey and worn by Rainey—namely the relationship between pious respectability and working-class nonheternomativity, laboring femininity and sonorous vocalities. Mrs. Dorsey’s work documents dressmaking as a sonic production capable of facilitating the growth of new industries and challenging the normative practices within the early twentieth century Black public sphere. Microreadings of these items, laborers, and artists expose some of the detail of Black political cultures in this moment and highlight the intertextual and multimedia enterprise of Black women’s sexual economies.
Chiefs vs. Raiders, Part I
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew C.
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the heyday of the Kansas City Chiefs-Oakland Raiders American Football League rivalry. Their face-offs during the 1968 and 1969 seasons took place amid racial revolt, including the rise of the Black Panthers and the riots following Martin Luther King’s death. It also was a time of increased activism among African American athletes, including those in the AFL. Media coverage of the social ferment ranged from reactionary in the Oakland Tribune to more progressive in Sports Illustrated’s landmark 1968 series on the black athlete. Paralleling the struggles of Oakland and Kansas City to improve their public images, the AFL battled perceptions that it was an inferior league. Those perceptions were countered by the Chiefs’ win in Super Bowl IV.
Preparation for Citizenship
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

Chapter 2 details Breckinridge’s brilliant college career at Wellesley College, a women’s college in New England that provided her with a liberal arts education and inspiring role models. During her time at Wellesley, Breckinridge excelled in her coursework, engaged in extracurricular activities, and formed female friendships, allowing her to achieve the contemporary ideal of the “all-around girl.” Breckinridge’s time at Wellesley also challenged her youthful training in racial etiquette, offered her alternatives to conventional womanhood, and strengthened her commitment to social reform. Ultimately, attending Wellesley prepared Breckinridge for a future as a self-supporting professional and a social justice activist.
Striving for the Ideal
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

highlights the challenges faced by “New Women” like Breckinridge, who struggled to balance duty to family with a calling to service. For nearly ten years, Breckinridge searched for a meaningful vocation while fulfilling her duty to her family. She taught school, practiced law, and traveled abroad, but she was unable to reconcile her professional goals with her family obligations. This chapter also addresses Breckinridge’s pursuit of higher education at the University of Chicago, where she earned both an MA in political science and a PhD in political economy and became the top-ranked member of the first graduating class of the University of Chicago’s new law school.
The Potential and Pitfalls of Pan-American Feminism
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

Chapter 8 follows Breckinridge to the Seventh Pan-American Conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, where she and other women activists in both the United States and Latin America vigorously debated the meaning of women’s equality. Breckinridge’s clashes with Doris Stevens, the U.S. leader of the Inter-American Commission of Women, over the proposed Equal Nationality Treaty and Equal Rights Treaty laid bare the conflicts inherent in Pan-American feminism. At the same time, U.S. and Latin American women’s activists’ diverse understandings of feminism helped to lay the groundwork for the idea that “women’s rights are human rights.”
Toward a National Minimum
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

Chapter 9 traces Breckinridge’s contributions to the nascent welfare state during the Great Depression. Breckinridge and other activist women made it their mission to establish a national minimum for all Americans by crafting a federal welfare state. Building on the groundwork they had laid in the Progressive era, Breckinridge and her allies in the New Deal administration--especially in the U.S. Children’s Bureau--insisted that it was the federal government’s responsibility to care for all its citizens. They worked to establish federally funded social services, ban child labor, and establish a minimum wage under the Social Security Act of 1935 and the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
Passionate Patience
Authors: Jabour Anya
Published: May 2020

The Epilogue offers reflections on Breckinridge’s philosophy of “passionate patience” and the lasting legacy of her lifelong dedication to social justice activism. It also notes parallels between the issues that concerned her--including racial equality, immigrant rights, birth control, and health care--and those that engage activists today, suggesting the continuing importance of women’s activism in modern America.
Performing the National Other
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: May 2020

Expanding on chapter 7’s discussion of passing as “rhetoric”, this chapter analyzes the strategic performances of Puerto Ricanness within dominant Mexican communities. Focusing on the anecdotes of two MexiRicans who resisted the pressure to Mexicanize through self-differentiation, as well as on the public celebrations of Latino ethnicities in Chicago, I argue for the productive meanings of identity as performance. Examining the visual and sonic aspects that inform the performance of the Puerto Rican minor nationality within Mexican communities, the chapter evinces how performing a national identity can also be strategic and a gesture of resistance to the dominant Mexican community in Latino Chicago.
Medium and Message
Authors: Bashford Christina
Published: May 2020

Musical responses to the sinking of the Lusitania (1915)—a watershed in World War 1—appeared on both sides of the Atlantic. In Britain, Frank Bridge composed his Lament for string orchestra, dedicated to Catherine Crompton, a child who had perished along with her entire family. The piece, performed professionally in London, was written for a type of ensemble that was popular with wealthy amateur women string players. Since strings were associated with the expressivity of the human voice and were becoming understood as having therapeutic properties, Bridge’s music may be considered a “lullament” for its combination of elements of lullaby and lament. This hybrid genre of grief further carried gendered and class-ridden meanings. The work reinforced and transcended British cultural and musical norms and boundaries.
Early Marriage as Slavery
Authors: Tambe Ashwini
Published: May 2020

Chapter 4 returns to the intergovernmental arena to examine another effort to harmonize a common age of consent: a UN-led universal age of marriage. It documents how the trajectory of UN interest in setting a common age in the 1950s and 1960s was shaped by another commitment, that of abolishing slavery. In particular, it shows that antislavery discourse was mobilized in the context of geopolitical hierarchies: the focus on child marriage turned the discussion of slavery away from the United Kingdom, United States, and European states, which had historically been the principal perpetrators of the transatlantic slave trade, to former colonies. In displacing the gaze away from the British slave trade to newly independent states, the UN discourse on marriage shifted moral responsibility for enslavement from historically culpable nations to many of those oppressed by them. An imperial logic thus informed efforts to raise the age of marriage. Indian delegates played an obstructionist role throughout the process, claiming it compromised the power of parents. Ultimately, India refused to sign the 1962 Convention on Minimum Age of Marriage.
Spanish Republicanism and the Press
Authors: Collantes Sergio Sánchez
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the important role of freethinking and federal republican publications on the formation of anarchist ideology and social practices. It focuses on the distribution and circulation of Spanish freethinking newspapers in Spanish-speaking progressive and anarchist communities in the United States, presenting a new line of inquiry into Hispanic anarchism and its transnational networks. The freethinking movement that crystalized at the end of the nineteenth century constitutes an excellent example of this confluence of ideas. This movement garnered the sympathies of many republicans, socialists, anarchists, masons, and other dissidents who shared the heterodox theses of its main mouthpiece, the weekly journal Las Dominicales del Libre Pensamiento (The Sunday Supplement of Free Thought). Edited between 1883 and 1909 in Madrid, this paper was well known across Spain.
España Libre (1939–1977)
Authors: Feu Montse
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the editorial strategies of the anarcho-syndicalist Jesús González Malo who focused on (1) print protest, (2) popular empowerment, (3) documentation of Spanish anarchism, and (4) rearticulation of revolution and how anarchist contributors supported such goals with literary genres. For example, poet Alfonso Camín denounced Franco’s political repression with Spanish literary icons; José Castilla Morales empowered workers in U.S. exile with antifascist popular plays; Miguel Giménez Igualada published several manuscripts contesting misrepresentations of anarchism; and Félix Martí Ibáñez called for a harmonious engagement with others as a way to spark everyday revolutions. In the case of exiled anarchists publishing in España Libre, their clear awareness of master narratives marked the periodical’s antifascist literary legacy, which went beyond anarchist circles.
Kim Stanley Robinson
Authors: Markley Robert
Published: May 2020

Kim Stanley Robinson is the first full-length study of one of the most widely read and influential science-fiction writers of our era. In dicussing eighteen of his novels published since 1984 and a selection of his short fiction, this study explores the significance of his work in reshaping contemporary literature. Three of the chapters are devoted to Robinson’s major trilogies: the Orange County trilogy (1984-90), the Mars trilogy (1992-96), and the Science in the Capital trilogy (2004-07). Two other chapters consider his groundbreaking alternative histories, including “The Lucky Strike” (1984), The Years of Rice and Salt (2002), and Shaman (2014), and his future histories set among colonies in the solar system, notably Galileo’s Dream (2009) and 2312 (2012). The concluding chapter examines Robinson’s most recent novels Aurora (2015) and New York 2140 (2017). In interviews, Robinson describes his fiction as weaving together, in various combinations, Marxism, ecology, and Buddhist thought, and all of his novels explore how we might imagine forms of utopian political action. His novels—from the Mars trilogy to New York 2140—offer a range of possible futures that chart humankind’s uneven progress, often over centuries, toward the greening of science, technology, economics, and politics. Robinson filters our knowledge of the past and our imagination of possible futures through two superimposed lenses: the ecological fate of the Earth (or other planets) and the far-reaching consequences of moral, political, and socioeconomic decisions of individuals, often scientists and artists, caught up in world or solar-systemic events. In this respect, his fiction charts a collective struggle to think beyond the contradictions of historical existence, and beyond our locations in time, culture, and geography.