bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arbeitnehmertrinkgeld
Authors: Schmitz Philipp
Published: July 2022

Tipping is a centuries-old tradition, with roots stretching as far back as the ancient times. Giving a tip to craftsmen, taxi drivers, hairdressers or food service staff is an integral part of the practical legal life. The economic meaning of this practice is unbroken. This paper discusses the numerous legal issues that arise because of the practical phenomenon of tipping at the relevant regulatory levels. In addition to the general-civil and special labor law related matters, questions pertaining to income tax and social insurance are examined.
Competitions for the design of Orthodox churches in Niš 1998-2021
Authors: Stanimirović Mirko
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the competitions for developing urban-architectural solutions for Orthodox churches in Niš which took place from 1998 to 2021. In the past two years, student competitions for churches in Niš have taken place under the theme of "Sacred Architecture" at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Niš, in cooperation with the Orthodox Diocese of Niš. In addition to documenting the award-winning works, the paper analyzes the results of the competitions, with the aim of improving competition practice. The review of the competition entries is also related to the possibility of introducing sacral architecture into architectural educational, with the aim of improving the architectural design of Serbian Orthodox churches and documenting the competitions in Niš in order to development ideas for Serbian Orthodox churches. Based on the entries presented and analysis of the award-winning solutions, the importance of this phenomenon is highlighted.
Determination of content of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B6 in dietary supplements
Authors: Dodevska Margarita , Milenković Milan , Nedeljković Tatjana , Tripković Biljana , Blagojević Zorica , Jovanović Verica
Published: July 2022

Uvod "Dodaci ishrani (dijetetski suplementi) su hrana koja dopunjuje uobičajenu ishranu, i koja predstavlja kon-centrovane izvore hranljivih sastojaka ili drugih sastojaka sa hranljivim ili fiziološkim efektom, pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji, a u prometu se nala-ze u doziranim oblicima kao što su kapsule, pasti-le, tablete i slično, kesice praška, ampule tečnosti, bočice sa kapaljkom, i ostalim sličnim oblicima Abstract Use of dietary supplements is very widespread and constantly on the rise. B-group vitamins are among the most frequently used dietary supplements since factors like age, pregnancy, impaired thyroid function, anorexia, genetic factors, use of medication and alcohol increase the needs for B-group vitamins. Given that the above mentioned conditions require supplementation it is necessary that dietary supplements contain the quantities specified on the labeling. It is thus necessary to test their quality i.e., the quantities of active ingredients belonging to B-group vita-mins in dietary supplements to determine if the obtained values comply with the declared ones. Vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B6 are important components of the B-complex group. In this study the content of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B6 was determined in the samples of 29 different dietary supplements present on the market of the Republic of Serbia, using HPLC-DAD method with gradient elution. Obtained results have shown that, of all tested samples, 86.2% comply with the declared values for all four B-group vitamins. Values for vitamin B3 were in accordance with the declared values in all tested supplements. Of other analysed vitamins, B1 fulfilled the declared requirements in 89.7% of samples, while the quantity of active substance of vitamins B2 and B6 was within declared limits in 93.1% of tested dietary supplements. It is necessary to expand this type of studies on a larger number of samples, since controlling the declaration i.e., determining the quantity of specific active components present in supplements indirectly impacts prevention in the population subgroups in need of supplementation.
Analysis of quality indicators of pharmaceutical healthcare provided in in-patient healthcare institutions: Case study
Authors: Zdravković Nataša , Ristić Jelena , Milošević-Georgiev Andrijana , Raketić Diana , Krajnović Dušanka
Published: July 2022

Hospital pharmacy is a specialized field within pharmacy and an integral part of healthcare provided to hospitalized patients in a healthcare institution, striving to maintain and continuously improve medication management and pharmaceutical care for patients in line with the highest standards in a hospital environment. Purpose of the study was to monitor pharmaceutical healthcare quality indicators for in-hospital pharmacies, to explain the concept of quality and provide recommendations for the provision of pharmaceutical healthcare in secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions through pharmaceutical healthcare quality indicators. We used the case study method as an in-depth, intense and precisely focused method of descriptive research to present our three-case series. To analyse case studies, we selected hospital pharmacies in three healthcare institutions, the Clinical-Hospital Center (CHC) Zvezdara, University Clinical Center (UCC) Kragujevac and Special Hospital for Addiction Diseases (SHAD). Reference framework was established according to pharmaceutical healthcare quality indicators taken from a pilot project on quality indicators in hospital pharmacies entitled "Indicators of quality and patient safety in pharmaceutical healthcare - hospital pharmacy" from 2012. Data was collected from questionnaires that were filled in directly by pharmacists from pharmacy databases and records from regular everyday work activities. For the purposes of achieving second and third objectives of this study, we performed a literature search for the quality of pharmaceutical healthcare and quality indicators. Comparison of the calculated indicators from the 3 health care institutions presented in our case series provided insight into indicators that are monitored in all three healthcare institutions (6 indicators) as well as in the distribution of indicators by institutions encompassed by our research. Comparative analysis of the calculated indicators by healthcare institutions indicates that I1 is monitoring 12 indicators, I2 9 indicators and I3 8 indicators. Only 1 indicator from the pilot project is being monitored in line with the new "Rule-book on healthcare quality indicators and on the evaluation of the quality of professional work" in the observed institutions (adverse reactions to the medicines/medical devices). The same Rule-book imposes monitoring of another 4 indicators, pointing to improvement of the healthcare system and modernization of pharmaceutical healthcare. It can hence be concluded that the implementation of new indicators requires recommendations and that further research is necessary to determine how to assess pharmaceutical healthcare efficiency and quality that are to be improved through indicators introduced in the pharmaceutical healthcare practice.
The theoretical and methodological analysis of challenges, risks and threats in modern theory of national security
Authors: Bojanić Dragan
Published: July 2022

Basically, every type of government organization defines the defence system with functions that provide deterrence from threats, as well as countering various types and forms of threats to main social values. The subject of this paper is the national security strategy, i.e. security challenges, risks and threats that are essential for the fulfilment of the highest state security interests. The author has analysed the main categories of national security theory: "danger", "challenge", "risk" and "threat". On the basis of the definition and comparative analysis of these categories, presented in different sources, he reveals their content and essence and comes to the conclusion that, despite the semantic similarity of the categories "challenge", "risk and "threat", each of them defines a different degree of threat, that is, damage. Accordingly, it has been noticed that the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Serbia does not make a distinction between security challenges, risks and threats, but speaks of them as a single syntagm and category. Since this document is the basis for the integrated activities of the defence forces, in the function of protecting vital national interests, the considered issue indicates the importance of as precise definition of SCRT as possible because inaccurate definition could prevent an adequate response when some of security challenges, risks and threats manifest themselves on security object references. On the basis of the definition and comparative analysis of the definitions of these categories, mentioned in different sources, it can be concluded that, despite the semantic similarity of the categories "challenge", "risk and "threat", each of them defines a different degree of threat, that is, harmful consequences. The subject of this paper has been to make a distinction between SCRT in order to improve the methodology for identifying and assessing military and non-military challenges, risks and threats when developing the National Security Strategy and other strategic and doctrinal documents. Accordingly, in reality, dynamics from several security sectors (political, military, economic, social, ecological and informational) is intertwined in most security problems. The analytical framework of the sectoral approach of the Copenhagen School has been proposed for the analysis of manifest forms of threats to national security. The implementation of the analytical framework is possible within the multicriteria mathematical model. Since risk is a measurable value, the implementation of this concept increases the objectivity of the identification and assessment of SCRT for state security. This approach is important not only in terms of defining national security policy and defence policy, but also has the greatest impact on the development plans of the defence system as a whole, particularly the development of the capabilities of the Serbian Armed Forces.
La excavación de la mezquita de Tornerías (Toledo): estratigrafía y dataciones
Authors: Ruiz Taboada Arturo
Published: July 2022

El conjunto de Tornerías lo forman dos edificios en uno, de épocas y estilos diferentes con reformas y añadidos que siempre han dificultado su lectura. Las excavaciones desarrolladas entre 2017 y 2020 han aportado nuevas evidencias que permiten definir tanto las fases como la funcionalidad y diseño de la arquitectura. Sobre un importante paquete estratigráfico se construyen dos edificios de forma consecutiva. El más antiguo fechado entre los siglos VII y VIII, denominado A, con estructura en piedra, tiene planta basilical y ábside. El más moderno fechado entre los siglos IX y X, o B, está cimentado en la parte conservada del edificio A. Este último posee dos plantas, la primera en origen dedicada a mezquita y la baja a tiendas, además de una torre o alminar adosado a su fachada oeste. La enorme cantidad de datos procesados prueba que la arqueología urbana, pese a sus limitaciones, se está consolidando como una disciplina científica fundamental para entender la evolución histórica de nuestras ciudades.
La resiliencia de los destinos turísticos de montaña. Un re-análisis de los casos del Berguedà y la Cerdanya
Authors: Prat Forga José María
Published: July 2022

Muchos territorios de montaña están apostando por convertirse en un destino turístico de una cierta importancia, con el objetivo de obtener un desarrollo económico favorable y frenar la emigración de su población local. Ante esta situación, y para alcanzar un desarrollo sostenible, es importante conocer el grado de resiliencia del territorio y el del propio destino frente a cualquier tipo de impactos que se le pueda presentar, como una crisis económica, el cambio climático o cualquier otro desastre natural, o simplemente un cambio de gustos de los consumidores. En el presente artículo, después de revisar el marco teórico existente sobre la sostenibilidad y la resiliencia de un territorio y de un destino turístico, se ha utilizado una metodología mixta, cuantitativa y cualitativa, para analizar la resiliencia territorial y del destino turístico actual, y compararla con la que tenían unos años antes dos comarcas catalanas de montaña, el Berguedà y la Cerdanya, que se encuentran en distintas fases de su desarrollo turístico. Así se pueden obtener unas conclusiones que sirvan para ayudar a medir lo mejor posible resiliencia, de manera que conozcamos cuál es en estos momentos y en qué posición del ciclo adaptativo se encuentran estos territorios y destinos.
Jens Schröter, Benjamin A. Edsall, and Joseph Verheyden, Eds. Jews and Christians – Parting Ways in the First Two Centuries CE? Reflections on the Gains and Losses of a Model
Authors: Marcus Joel
Published: July 2022

No abstract is available.
Engaño académico en contexto de pandemia: Reporte de estudiantes de fisioterapia.
Authors: Reinoso González Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Within the framework of the current health scenario, medical educationhas had to align its training processes based on confinement and the e-learning modality. SARSCOV-2 prompted the massive use of technology to continue with the different programs, whichhas not only meant a change in the modality of content delivery, clinical practices and evaluation,but also a significant increase in academic cheating behaviors by the student body. Objective: Todescribe the report of second-year health students on academic cheating in the context of apandemic. Method: Qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study with content analysistechnique, through data collection by individual interview to a sample of 73 second-yearphysiotherapy students at the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile. Results:Categories of student discourse on academic cheating were obtained: a) Motivation of thephenomenon, b) Recommendations to avoid the phenomenon, c) Obstacles to the phenomenon, d)Facilitators of the phenomenon and e) Reflections on the phenomenon. Conclusions: Students whoadmit to cheating academically during the e-learning modality relate the virtual modality as oneof the facilitators of this behavior, which strengthens social and academic ties with their peers andrecommends modifications in the forms of evaluation.

Introducción: En el marco del actual escenario sanitario, la educación médica ha debidoalinear sus procesos de formación con base en el confinamiento y la modalidad e-learning. ElSARS COV-2 impulsó el uso masivo de la tecnología para continuar con los diferentes programas,lo que no sólo ha significado un cambio en la modalidad de entrega de contenidos, prácticasclínicas y evaluación, sino un aumento significativo en los comportamientos de engaño académicopor parte del cuerpo estudiantil. Objetivo: Describir el reporte de estudiantes de segundo año de lasalud sobre el engaño académico en contexto de pandemia. Método: Estudio cualitativofenomenológico hermenéutico con técnica de análisis de contenido, mediante recolección de datospor entrevista individual a una muestra de 73 estudiantes de segundo año de fisioterapia de laUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile. Resultados: Se obtuvieron categorías deldiscurso estudiantil sobre el engaño académico: a) Motivación del fenómeno, b) Recomendacionespara evitar el fenómeno, c) Obstaculizadores del fenómeno, d) Facilitadores del fenómeno y e)Reflexiones sobre el fenómeno. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes que reconocen realizar engañoacadémico durante la modalidad e-learning relacionan la modalidad virtual como uno de losfacilitadores de esta conducta, que fortalece vínculos sociales y académicos con sus pares yrecomiendan modificaciones en las formas de evaluación.
Vídeo-análisis en ciencias de la salud: una experiencia de simulación en entrevista clínica en fisioterapia
Authors: García Rodríguez Irene , Etopa Bitata Maria del Pilar , García Escudero Maria , Álamo Arce David , García Quintana Marlene , Medina Ramirez Raquel Irina
Published: July 2022

Las tecnologías posibilitan la supresión de las barreras espaciales y temporales que la educación superior ha sufrido por la actual pandemia COVID-19, aportando nuevos escenarios educativos. El vídeo-análisis abre una ventana para la evaluación en la enseñanza clínica en Ciencias de la Salud. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la viabilidad del vídeo-análisis para analizar habilidades en la entrevista clínica en fisioterapia. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio con análisis de video y lista de cotejo en estudiantes de primer año. Gracias a los videos recopilados, se determinó que los alumnos analizados tienen mejor desarrolladas las habilidades relacionadas con realizar preguntas apropiadas en la entrevista, mientras que por el contrario existen más dificultades en las habilidades de saber escuchar. Los resultados muestran que el video-análisis es una herramienta práctica y válida para analizar tareas en entornos de simulación en ciencias de la salud, como ha sido en esta actividad de entrevista clínica. Esta nueva forma de evaluación docente, además de aportar datos cuantificables, supone una nueva forma de justificar al alumno sus errores y aciertos durante la prueba, permitiendo establecer un potencial feedback para mejorar en sus habilidades clínicas. Así mismo, la posibilidad de evaluarse con un paciente simulado supone un acercamiento a la realidad profesional a la que se deben enfrentar una vez egresados.
Novembergruppe: arte y política en la República de Weimar
Authors: Urralburu Arza Oscar
Published: July 2022

The November Revolution of 1918 ushered in the turbulent political phase of the Weimar Republic as well as a great cultural and artistic flourishing in Germany. In this process, which will last until the arrival of Nazism to power, a group of artists grouped under the name of the Novembergruppe will take a leading role. Without uniformity in its forms and styles, but legitimized by the previous work of its founders, which has its roots in the best of Germanic kultur and in the aesthetic programs of Die Brücke, Der Sturm and Die Aktion, it will operate as a true opening and closing device of cultural connections concentrated on uniting what the Great War had broken: art and life, aesthetics and politics, ideology and action.

La revolución de noviembre de 1918 dió paso a la turbulenta fase política de la República de Weimar, inaugurando un gran florecimiento cultural y artístico en Alemania. En este proceso, que se extenderá hasta la llegada del nazismo al poder, un grupo de artistas agrupados bajo la denominación de Novembergruppe ocupará un papel protagonista. Sin uniformidad en sus formas y estilos, pero legitimado por el trabajo previo de sus fundadores, que hunde sus raíces en lo mejor de la kultur germana y en los programas estéticos de Die Brücke, Der Sturm y Die Aktion, operará colectivamente como un auténtico dispositivo de apertura y cierre de conexiones culturales concentrado en unir lo que la Gran Guerra había roto: el arte y la vida, la estética y la política, la ideología y la acción.
Antiheroes in the Rubble
Authors: Favaro Marco
Published: July 2022

In contemporary popular culture, we see a growing number of both antiheroic characters and dystopias in which society as we know it has ceased to exist. Antiheroes are not necessarily placed in dystopian narratives, but the combination of antihero-dystopias is significant. The dystopia forces us to adopt a new moral compass, one which does not allow a superficial dichotomy of good versus evil. Camus’ philosophical ideas, particularly those articulated in The Rebel, are vital to understanding the controversial morality of the dystopic narrative. If society collapses and there is nothing left to save, what role does the hero have? Is it possible to be a hero in a condemned world? The answers to these questions will be addressed in relation to three media fictions: V for Vendetta, Watchmen, and The Last of Us. This article explores the possibility that the only possible heroism inside a dystopian narrative is antiheroic.
Povos indígenas: territorialidades, economias e direitos, resistências e persistências
Authors: Rangel Lucia Helena
Published: July 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar que a distância entre o modo de ser próprio dos povos indígenas e as modalidades de ocupação da terra do sistema capitalista hegemônico tornou-se abismal. Enquanto esses povos reivindicam demarcações de terras, atendimento à saúde, escolas diferenciadas, respeito aos direitos constitucionais, aos direitos humanos e a um ambiente saudável e produtivo, as ações estatais agem no sentido de negar-lhes quaisquer reivindicações, incentivando invasões violentas de suas terras, privando-lhes de assistência, promulgando decretos, portarias e projetos de lei que desmancham os direitos constitucionais. Até oschamados povos isolados, aqueles que por opção se recusam ao contato com a hegemonia branca, estão ameaçados. Se desde o período colonial até meados do século XX havia a possibilidade de estabelecimento de áreas de refúgio, onde as comunidades podiam reproduzir seus modos de ser e ocupar a terra, hoje isso não é mais possível. O modo de vida indígena está, como um todo, ameaçado, do mesmo modo que estão ameaçadas todas as formas de vida em nossa casa comum.
Usage of Double-Helical Propulsion Principle in Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Eimanis Mārcis
Published: July 2022

The Thesis describes a new underwater vehicle propulsion type developed by the author. Flow and vehicle interaction dynamics are studied, and factors impacting the flow, control methods and the ability to move in other media (in addition to fluid) are reviewed. A geometry of the propulsion system was created by studying its hydrodynamic properties using special CFD software. A mathematical model for the control system was created. The dynamics of the underwater vehicle were modelled with the multibody dynamics modelling software MSC Adams, using the developed control system and the water resistance model developed with CFD software. Flow dynamics were combined with multibody mechanism dynamics using the metamodeling and numerical experiment approach. Numerical experiments in bulk or granular media were performed using the discrete element method, simulating the vehicle movement using the EDEM software. Within the framework of the Thesis, a prototype of the model was also created for observing the model behaviour in real-life conditions. High-quality and good fit results were obtained from the mathematical model and the physical prototype dynamics, proving the performance of both the new propulsion principle and the control system.
Dubulthelikoīdās piedziņas principa pielietojums zemūdens transportlīdzekļos
Authors: Eimanis Mārcis
Published: July 2022

Darbs veltīts autora izstrādātam jaunam zemūdens transportlīdzekļa piedziņas veidam. Tajā pētīta plūsmas un transportlīdzekļa mijiedarbības dinamika, kā arī apskatīti plūsmu ietekmējoši faktori, vadības metodes un spēja pārvietoties arī citās vidēs, ne tikai šķidrumā. Izveidota piedziņas sistēmas ģeometrija, ar speciālas CFD programmatūras palīdzību pētītas tās hidrodinamiskās īpašības. Izveidots vadības sistēmas matemātiskais modelis. Ievērojot vadības sistēmu un ar CFD programmatūras palīdzību izveidoto ūdens pretestības modeli, ar daudzķermeņu dinamikas modelēšanas programmatūru MSC Adams modelēta zemūdens transportlīdzekļa dinamika. Plūsmas dinamikas apvienošanai ar daudzķermeņu mehānisma dinamiku izmantots metamodelēšanas un skaitlisko eksperimentu paņēmiens. Skaitliskie eksperimenti irdenā jeb granulārā vidē veikti, lietojot diskrēto elementu metodi, simulējot transportlīdzekļa pārvietošanos, izmantojot programmatūru EDEM. Darba gaitā izveidots arī modeļa prototips modeļa uzvedības vērošanai reālos apstākļos. Iegūti kvalitatīvi, labi sakrītoši matemātiskā modeļa un fiziskā prototipa dinamikas rezultāti, kas pierāda gan jaunā piedziņas principa, gan vadības sistēmas darbaspēju.
Mazas jaudas katlu dūmgāzu attīrīšanas un siltuma atguves eksperimentālā izpēte un modelēšana
Authors: Priedniece Vivita
Published: July 2022

Promocijas darbs ietver mājsaimniecību katlu radīto dūmgāzu attīrīšanas iekārtas – miglas aparāta – izstrādi, testēšanu, pārbaudi un analīzi. Iekārtas darbības analīzei izstrādāts siltuma un masas apmaiņu raksturojošs modelis, kas ietver arī cieto daļiņu uzvedību iekārtā dūmgāzu attīrīšanas un dzesēšanas procesā. Modelis validēts ar eksperimentālajiem datiem pie nominālās katla jaudas. Sniegts ieskats siltuma un masas apmaiņas procesu modelēšanā iekārtas iekšpusē.
Interneta pakalpojuma kvalitātes novērtēšanas un uzraudzības metodikas izstrāde
Authors: Vagale Inga
Published: July 2022

Promocijas darbā veikts platjoslas interneta kvalitātes uzraudzības un attīstības veicināšanas ietvara novērtējums, kā arī identificētas ar to saistītās nepilnības vai faktiskās piemērojamības problēmaspekti. Veikts pētījums par interneta kvalitātes rādītāju novērtējumu no galalietotāju skatpunkta un, pamatojoties uz matemātisko analīzi, izstrādāta koncepcija faktisko interneta pakalpojuma kvalitātes vērtību noteikšanai un atspoguļošanai. Īpašs uzsvars likts uz objektīvu pieslēguma ātruma rādītāju novērtēšanas metožu noteikšanu un mērīšanas principu definēšanu. Sniegti priekšlikumi nepietiekama platjoslas interneta pārklājuma teritoriju noteikšanai, pamatojoties uz ģeogrāfiskā apsekojumā iegūto informāciju, kas izmantojami platjoslas tīklu izvēršanas un tam nepieciešamo investīciju plānošanai, tādējādi sekmējot universālā pakalpojuma pieejamību valstī. Apkopoti ar platjoslas interneta pakalpojuma kvalitāti saistītie pētījuma rezultāti un sniegti priekšlikumi praktiski lietojamas interneta pakalpojuma kvalitātes novērtēšanas un mērīšanas metodoloģijas ieviešanai.
the humanistic spirit and poetic aesthetics of Russian animated films (on the example of the work of Yuri Norstein)
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Wo Ye
Published: July 2022

Under the influence of French avant-garde filmmakers who created the creative method of "montage film", at the beginning of the twentieth century, Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein developed a technique called "intelligent editing". Later, the famous film director Andrei Tarkovsky constructed the inner truth of the film with the help of poetic expression, thereby giving it a unique poetic aesthetic. This form of filmmaking has had a profound impact on Russian animated cinema. This article is devoted to the study of the specifics of Russian animation on the example of paintings by Yuri Norstein, in particular, the analysis of the humanistic spirit and poetic aesthetics. Special attention is paid in the article to the symbolism of the cinematic images of the works of Yu. Norstein and the peculiarities of the reflection of reality in animation. The main conclusion of this study : in contrast to Hollywood animation with the shocking creation of visual meanings, in Russian animated works, a calm narrative with symbolic meaning attached to details gradually rises to the level of philosophical comprehension. Yuri Norstein's paintings are full of symbols and metaphors that evoke various associations in the audience and give free rein to their imagination. The content of cartoon paintings is characterized by depth and a multilevel system of meanings embodying the Russian national culture and the picture of the world. The combination of realistic traditions with advanced techniques distinguishes the director's work from American animation.
On the issue of excessive number and low efficiency of civil servants
Authors: Brazhnikov Pavel Petrovich
Published: July 2022

Regarding the modern state management system of the Russian Federation, it is often possible to hear an assessment that there are more "officials", compared to the Soviet era, but their effectiveness is lower. At the same time, the post-Soviet officials themselves are given a subjective negative assessment, and at least most of the civil servants are included in their number. The increase in the number, decrease in efficiency and increase in corruption are recognized in this article as a fact. At the same time, the relationship of the number and effectiveness of "officials" with the current policy of the state apparatus aimed at a low share of state ownership in the market and high independence of regional government bodies, as well as with the current level of remuneration of civil servants, is considered. Arguments are given about the consideration of these phenomena as a natural consequence of such a policy, independent of the personal characteristics of civil servants. It is also argued that even in the current conditions, most of the lower staff of state authorities are quite highly motivated employees. The increased risks of corruption are considered from the point of view of the science of public resources, where the whole state and its institutions are accepted as such. It is argued that the motivation for corruption for a small proportion of officials who have opportunities for it is also related to the general orientation of public policy, although the choice of following this motivation remains for each specific official from the relatively small group that has opportunities for corruption. The consideration of the causes of these phenomena, carried out in the article, allows for a more objective analysis of both the phenomena themselves and ways to reduce their influence.
The formation of the moral culture of the police management
Authors: Temnyakov Dmitrii Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the formation of the moral culture of managers.The object of the study are the basic principles and methods of forming the moral culture of the heads of police units. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the scientific understanding of the principles of the formation of the moral culture of the heads, reveals how the moral appearance of the head of police departments affects his relationship with subordinates in professional activity. The author focuses special attention on practical recommendations for improving the moral culture of the heads of police units. The author offers brief recommendations to the heads of various levels of police units. The work specifies normative legal acts regulating the observance of moral and ethical standards by police officers. The main conclusions of the study are the principles proposed by the author of the formation of the moral culture of the heads of police units, practical recommendations on the observance of moral and cultural norms by the heads and his relationship with subordinates in the internal affairs bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the consideration of specific principles of education of the best moral qualities in subordinates, characteristic only for employees of internal affairs bodies. The author defines the professional and moral education of police officers. The novelty of the study lies in the consideration of social factors affecting the moral and cultural properties of the personality of the head of police units.
Prospects for consolidation of civil and expert participation in the legislative process at the regional level
Authors: Mazein Artem Vladimirovich
Published: July 2022

In this article, the author analyzes the variety of lists of subjects of the right of legislative initiative in the Russian regions. The author conducts an analysis of the constitutions (charters) of all regions of the Russian Federation, uses formal legal and comparative methods. According to the results of the study, the author notes that at the regional level, the right of legislative initiative is granted to 46 categories of subjects, which are classified into 4 groups: 1) state authorities and officials; 2) local self-government bodies and their associations; 3) judicial authorities and prosecutor's offices; 4) citizens and public associations. The latter group reflects representatives of the civil and expert community and includes 13 categories of subjects. Based on the results of the analysis of scientific works, generalization of the emerging legal practice, the author proposed the concepts of "civil participation in the law-making (legislative) process" and "expert participation in the law-making (legislative) process". Summarizing the Russian and foreign experience of civil and expert participation in the legislative process, the author confirms that citizens easily support ideas for changing legislation (vote for them), but at the same time have difficulties in converting such ideas into draft laws. With this in mind, in order to increase the professionalism of the preparation of the bill and the openness of its discussion, the author proposed a two-stage model of civil and expert participation in the legislative process, which involves: 1) at the first stage, the development, taking into account the real needs of the draft law, carried out on the principle of professionalism, by representatives of the expert community and (or) public associations; 2) at the second stage, a public discussion of the draft law developed in order to obtain the support of citizens. The author focuses on the need to implement a public discussion of the bill using digital technologies.
Semiotics as a philosophical and methodological, natural science and mathematical discipline (main stages of development and perspective)
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: July 2022

The article examines the history of the development of the ideas of semiotics, from the works of St. Augustine to the present. The author shares the semiotic approach, which, judging by the literature, was formulated by Augustine, and semiotics as a scientific discipline, and in two versions, as an analogue of mathematics and natural science (we are talking about the "second nature", which is studied in the humanities and social sciences). The characteristic of the semiotic approach presented by Augustine in the scheme is given, which, the author shows, can be extended to various humanitarian objects (this is specifically demonstrated with respect to music). Based on the semiotic approach and classifications of signs, various variants of semiotics as a science were created in the XIX and XX centuries.   The difference of scientific semiotics is explained: semiotics solved different problems and tasks, semiotically comprehended different subject areas, proceeded from a different understanding of science. Nevertheless, in all variants of semiotics, relations between the components of the sign were established. The semiotics reform project proposed by G.P. Shchedrovitsky is considered, and what came of it (another semiotics, and not the organization of different scientific semiotics on a single basis of the theory of activity). Based on the analysis of two cases (the semiotic analysis of the metaphor in the work of Meir Shalev "Esav" and the sculpture of Aphrodite Praxiteles), the author outlines another version of semiotics, which he calls "expressionism". Although the methodology proposed by him allows analyzing and comprehending a fairly wide range of expressions and works of art, the author suggests not to consider it universal.
Modelling the response to vaccine in non-human primates to define SARS-CoV-2 mechanistic correlates of protection
Authors: Alexandre Marie , Marlin Romain , Prague Mélanie , Coleon Severin , Kahlaoui Nidhal , Cardinaud Sylvain , Naninck Thibaut , Delache Benoit , Surenaud Mathieu , Galhaut Mathilde , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Cavarelli Mariangela , Maisonnasse Pauline , Centlivre Mireille , Lacabaratz Christine , Wiedemann Aurelie , Zurawski Sandra , Zurawski Gerard , Schwartz Olivier , Sanders Rogier W , Le Grand Roger , Levy Yves , Thiébaut Rodolphe
Published: July 2022

The definition of correlates of protection is critical for the development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms. Here, we propose a model-based approach for identifying mechanistic correlates of protection based on mathematical modelling of viral dynamics and data mining of immunological markers. The application to three different studies in non-human primates evaluating SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on CD40-targeting, two-component spike nanoparticle and mRNA 1273 identifies and quantifies two main mechanisms that are a decrease of rate of cell infection and an increase in clearance of infected cells. Inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2 appears to be a robust mechanistic correlate of protection across the three vaccine platforms although not capturing the whole biological vaccine effect. The model shows that RBD/ACE2 binding inhibition represents a strong mechanism of protection which required significant reduction in blocking potency to effectively compromise the control of viral replication.
Core genes can have higher recombination rates than accessory genes within global microbial populations
Authors: Preska Steinberg Asher , Lin Mingzhi , Kussell Edo
Published: July 2022

Recombination is essential to microbial evolution, and is involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance, antigenic variation, and adaptation to the host niche. However, assessing the impact of homologous recombination on accessory genes which are only present in a subset of strains of a given species remains challenging due to their complex phylogenetic relationships. Quantifying homologous recombination for accessory genes (which are important for niche-specific adaptations) in comparison to core genes (which are present in all strains and have essential functions) is critical to understanding how selection acts on variation to shape species diversity and genome structures of bacteria. Here, we apply a computationally efficient, non-phylogenetic approach to measure homologous recombination rates in the core and accessory genome using >100,000 whole genome sequences from Streptococcus pneumoniae and several additional species. By analyzing diverse sets of sequence clusters, we show that core genes often have higher recombination rates than accessory genes, and for some bacterial species the associated effect sizes for these differences are pronounced. In a subset of species, we find that gene frequency and homologous recombination rate are positively correlated. For S. pneumoniae and several additional species, we find that while the recombination rate is higher for the core genome, the mutational divergence is lower, indicating that divergence-based homologous recombination barriers could contribute to differences in recombination rates between the core and accessory genome. Homologous recombination may therefore play a key role in increasing the efficiency of selection in the most conserved parts of the genome.
Utilization Pattern of E-resources by the Post-Graduate Students of RVSKVV, Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh): Problems and Suggestions for Improvement
Authors: Prajapati Sanjay Kumar , Kisku Upali , Dubey M. K.
Published: July 2022

In this digitalized world, e-resources have become the most functional tool for higher educational institutes. It is advantageous in improving search speed, provides more access points, the ability to access information that would otherwise be unavailable, and an increasing amount of information is electronic form. Whereas, the old library system consumes a lot of valuable time for the scholars. The present study was carried out in the College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya (RVSKVV), Gwalior (M.P.) to realize the utilization pattern of e-resources by the students the problems experienced and their suggestions while using e-resources. A total of 104 respondents were selected on the based on a proportionate random sampling method. The primary data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire that was circulated to the students through online mode using Google forms. An exploratory research design was used for the purpose of the study. A majority (n=89) of respondents (85.58%) had medium to high utilization of e-resources and maximum (n=92) of respondents (88.46%) reported a lack of proper training in using e-resources whereas, a high percentage (82.69%) of the respondents (n=86) suggested that the institution ensures the availability of training staffs to the students.
In situ glucosylceramide synthesis and its pharmacological inhibition analysed in cells by 13C5‐sphingosine precursor feeding and mass spectrometry
Authors: Katzy Rebecca E. , Ferraz Maria J. , Hazeu Marc , Overkleeft Hermen S. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G.
Published: July 2022

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) fulfil diverse functions in cells. Abnormalities in their metabolism are associated with specific pathologies and, consequently, the pharmacological modulation of GSLs is considered a therapeutic avenue. The accurate measurement of in situ metabolism of GSLs and the modulatory impact of drugs is warranted. Employing synthesised sphingosine and sphinganine containing 13C atoms, we developed a method to monitor the de novo synthesis of glucosylceramide, the precursor of complex GSLs, by the enzyme glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). We show that feeding cells with isotope‐labelled precursor combined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis allows accurate determination of the IC50 values of therapeutically considered inhibitors (iminosugars and ceramide mimics) of GCS in cultured cells. Acquired data were comparable to those obtained with an earlier method using artificial fluorescently labelled ceramide to feed cells.
Toward Hierarchical Assembly of Aligned Cell Sheets into a Conical Cardiac Ventricle Using Microfabricated Elastomers
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein , Okhovatian Sargol , Savoji Houman , Campbell Scott B. , Lai Benjamin Fook Lun , Wu Jun , Pascual‐Gil Simon , Bannerman Dawn , Rafatian Naimeh , Li Ren‐Ke , Radisic Milica
Published: July 2022

Despite current efforts in organ‐on‐chip engineering to construct miniature cardiac models, they often lack some physiological aspects of the heart, including fiber orientation. This motivates the development of bioartificial left ventricle models that mimic the myofiber orientation of the native ventricle. Herein, an approach relying on microfabricated elastomers that enables hierarchical assembly of 2D aligned cell sheets into a functional conical cardiac ventricle is described. Soft lithography and injection molding techniques are used to fabricate micro‐grooves on an elastomeric polymer scaffold with three different orientations ranging from −60° to +60°, each on a separate trapezoidal construct. The width of the micro‐grooves is optimized to direct the majority of cells along the groove direction and while periodic breaks are used to promote cell–cell contact. The scaffold is wrapped around a central mandrel to obtain a conical‐shaped left ventricle model inspired by the size of a human left ventricle 19 weeks post‐gestation. Rectangular micro‐scale holes are incorporated to alleviate oxygen diffusional limitations within the 3D scaffold. Cardiomyocytes within the 3D left ventricle constructs showed high viability in all layers after 7 days of cultivation. The hierarchically assembled left ventricle also provided functional readouts such as calcium transients and ejection fraction.
Mechanism and Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Fe(C5H5)2 in Inert and Reductive Atmosphere: A Synchrotron‐Assisted Investigation in A Microreactor
Authors: Grimm Sebastian , Hemberger Patrick , Kasper Tina , Atakan Burak
Published: July 2022

The decomposition and reduction of ferrocene, an important precursor for iron chemical vapor deposition and catalyst for nanotube synthesis, is investigated in the gas‐phase. Reactive intermediates are detected to understand the underlying chemistry by using a microreactor coupled to a synchrotron light source. Utilizing soft photoionization coupled with photoelectron‐photoion coincidence detection enables us to characterize exclusive intermediates isomer‐selectively. A reaction mechanism for the ferrocene decomposition is proposed, which proceeds as a two‐step process. Initially, the molecule decomposes in a homogeneous surface reaction at temperatures <900 K, leading to products such as cyclopentadiene and cyclopentadienyl radicals that are immediately released to the gas‐phase. At higher temperatures, ferrocene rapidly decomposes in the gas‐phase, losing two cyclopentadienyl radicals in conjunction with iron. The addition of hydrogen to the reaction mixture reduces the decomposition temperature, and changes the branching ratio of the products. This change is mainly attributed to the H‐addition of cyclopentadienyl radicals on the surface, which leads to a release of cyclopentadiene into the gas‐phase. On the surface, ligand fragments may also undergo a series of catalytic H‐losses leading most probably to a high carbon content in the film. Finally, Arrhenius parameters for both global reactions are presented.
Dynamically Monitoring pH in Living Organisms Based on a SERS‐Active Optical Fiber
Authors: Pan Chenyan , Zhang Shuyu , Xiong Xiulei , Li Zhe , Ai Bingwei , Qian Weiping , Dong Jian
Published: July 2022

To dynamically monitor pH in living organisms, a pH‐sensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active optical fiber is designed and developed. A 2‐cm‐long optical fiber is processed with an inclined end to facilitate entering the body of the optical fiber, and a hole is etched near the inclined end to integrate pH‐sensitive SERS probes and protect them from being erased during entering the body. The pH‐sensitive SERS probes in the hole respond thoroughly to the buffer environment in 5 min and the body environment in 15 min, respectively. The fabricated SERS‐active optical fiber is used to dynamically monitor the change in pH in tissues of living rats, such as muscle and brain. The SERS‐active optical fibers will be a versatile platform to integrate optical probes such as SERS probes and fluorescence probes to dynamically monitor life activities in living organisms.
Gradient Droplet Arrays by Acceleration‐Mode Dip‐Coating
Authors: Mandsberg Nikolaj K. , Shneidman Anna V. , Jensen Kaare H. , Taboryski Rafael , Nielsen Line H. , Aizenberg Joanna , Boisen Anja
Published: July 2022

Droplet microarray technology is of great interest in biology and chemistry as it allows for significant reactant savings and massive parallelization of experiments. Upon scaling down the footprint of each droplet in an array, it becomes increasingly challenging to produce the array drop‐by‐drop. Therefore, techniques for parallelized droplet production are developed, e.g., dip‐coating of biphilic substrates. However, it is in general difficult to tailor the characteristics of individual droplets, such as size and content, without updating the substrate. Here, the method of dip‐coating of uniformly patterned biphilic substrates in so‐called “acceleration‐mode” to produce droplet arrays featuring gradients in droplet height for fixed droplet footprint is developed. The results herein present this method applied to produce drops with base diameters varying over orders of magnitude, from as high as 6 mm to as small as 50 µm; importantly, the experimentally measured power‐law‐dependency of volume on capillary‐number matches analytical theory for droplet formation on heterogenous substrates though the precise quantitative values likely differ due to 2D substrate patterning. Gradient characteristics, including average droplet volume, steepness of the gradient, and its monotonicity, can all be tuned by changing the dip‐coating parameters, thus providing a robust method for high‐throughput screening applications and experiments.