bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser-excited Xe plasma as a radiation source for lithography at wavelengths near 11  nm
Authors: Kalmykov Serguei G. , Butorin Pavel S.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. The study focuses on the plasma excited by a laser on a gas-jet Xe target. Aim of study. The aim was to achieve such a high emissivity of the Xe plasma at a wavelength of 11.2 nm that would meet the requirements of industrial lithography. In addition to the applied aspect, the work also has a diagnostic component, the purpose of which is to study the internal structure of the laser plasma and determine its internal parameters, such as temperature, concentration, and mean ion charge. Method. The paper contains a review of works devoted to the comprehensive investigation of the laser-produced plasma with a Xe gas-jet target. In the course of this research, several methods of measurements and plasma diagnostics were developed and tested, including multimirror Bragg spectrometry, probing the plasma with the same infrared laser radiation that creates it, and determination of mean ion charge of this nonequilibrium and short-lived laser-produced plasma using the measured absorption of the laser energy in the plasma and a database on cross-sections of ionization by electron impact. Main results. A multimirror Bragg spectrometry technique was developed and tested. This technique was then used to obtain quantitatively calibrated spectra of the laser-produced Xe plasma. An effective mode of irradiating the target with a wide, defocused laser beam has been found, which made it possible to achieve the coefficient of conversion of laser pulse energy into the energy of the narrow-band plasma radiation around λ=11.2nm, approximately equal to 4%. This value is currently a world record for plasmas of such a type. Additionally, an analytical method for determining the temperature and ion charge of the plasma based on experimental measurements was developed. Practical significance. The achieved conversion efficiency of the radiation source under consideration is sufficient for its application in high production industrial lithography. The use of the simple and “clean” radiation source with Xe plasma could eliminate a number of problems encountered in contemporary lithography with a wavelength of 13.5 nm and a source with targets of metallic tin.
The adequacy of ANC components received and associated factors among women of reproductive age in Tanzania
Authors: Tibenderana Jovin R. , Kessy Sanun Ally , Mlaponi Dosanto Felix , Mtenga John Elyas , Gimonge Jomo , Mwaitete Ndinagwe Lloyd , Moshi Fabiola V.
Published: November 2024

Background

ANC continues to be a vital and crucial component of care for expectant mothers and their unborn children, not only by lowering maternal mortality but also perinatal deaths and connecting them to postnatal treatment. There are limited information about the adequate Antenatal Care (ANC) components coverage, therefore this study aimed at examining the proportion of ANC components coverage, distribution pattern and its associated factors obtained by women of reproductive age (WRA) in Tanzania.

Methods

This was analytical cross-sectional study among women of reproductive age in Tanzania, utilizing data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) 2022. Analysis considered the complex survey design through application of weights, clustering and strata. Modified Poisson regression models estimated the factors associated with adequate reception of ANC components among WRA in Tanzania. All analyses were performed in STATA software version 18.

Results

The proportion of WRA who had received adequate ANC component coverage was 41%. Distribution of ANC contents ranged from 0.5% to 41% for none to seven components respectively. Almost all women (96.1%) had their baby’s heartbeat checked. Various factors such as education, wealth index, age, residence, number of ANC visits and birth order were significantly associated with uptake of ANC components among WRA in Tanzania.

Conclusion

The overall findings suggest a notable disparity in the utilization of ANC services, as fewer than half of women of reproductive age (WRA) are receiving sufficient ANC coverage. Therefore, integrated approaches involving health care facilities and communities, innovative strategies targeting young adults, and strengthening the policy of four or more ANC visits with regular monitoring and data collection are recommended to improve ANC access, utilization, and alignment with WHO guidelines.
Tracking inflammation resolution signatures in lungs after SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.1 infection of K18-hACE2 mice
Authors: Carolin Agnes , Yan Kexin , Bishop Cameron R. , Tang Bing , Nguyen Wilson , Rawle Daniel J. , Suhrbier Andreas
Published: November 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can result in severe disease, often characterised by a ‘cytokine storm’ and the associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, many infections with SARS-CoV-2 are mild or asymptomatic throughout the course of infection. Although blood biomarkers of severe disease are well studied, less well understood are the inflammatory signatures in lung tissues associated with mild disease or silent infections, wherein infection and inflammation are rapidly resolved leading to sequelae-free recovery. Herein we described RNA-Seq and histological analyses of lungs over time in an omicron BA.1/K18-hACE2 mouse infection model, which displays these latter features. Although robust infection was evident at 2 days post infection (dpi), viral RNA was largely cleared by 10 dpi. Acute inflammatory signatures showed a slightly different pattern of cytokine signatures compared with severe infection models, and where much diminished 30 dpi and absent by 66 dpi. Cellular deconvolution identified significantly increased abundance scores for a number of anti-inflammatory pro-resolution cell types at 5/10 dpi. These included type II innate lymphoid cells, T regulatory cells, and interstitial macrophages. Genes whose expression trended downwards over 2–66 dpi included biomarkers of severe disease and were associated with ‘cytokine storm’ pathways. Genes whose expression trended upward during this period were associated with recovery of ciliated cells, AT2 to AT1 transition, reticular fibroblasts and innate lymphoid cells, indicating a return to homeostasis. Very few differentially expressed host genes were identified at 66 dpi, suggesting near complete recovery. The parallels between mild or subclinical infections in humans and those observed in this BA.1/K18-hACE2 mouse model are discussed with reference to the concept of “protective inflammation”.
Pembrolizumab 400 mg every 6 weeks as first-line therapy for advanced melanoma (KEYNOTE-555): Results from cohort B of an open-label, phase 1 study
Authors: Cohen Graham , Rapoport Bernardo , Chan Sze W. , Ruff Paul , Arance Ana , Mujika Eizmendi Karmele , Houghton Baerin , Brown Michael P. , Zielinski Robert M. , Muñoz Couselo Eva , Lyle Megan , Anderson James R. , Jain Lokesh , de Alwis Dinesh , Lala Mallika , Akala Omobolaji , Chartash Elliot , Jacobs Conrad
Published: November 2024

Intravenous pembrolizumab 400 mg every 6 weeks was approved across tumor types based on pharmacokinetic modeling, which showed exposures consistent with previous standard dosing of 200 mg or 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks, and early results of cohort B of the phase 1 KEYNOTE-555 study. Results after ≥1 year of potential follow-up for all patients in cohort B of KEYNOTE-555 are presented. Patients aged ≥18 years with previously untreated stage III/IV melanoma received pembrolizumab 400 mg every 6 weeks for ≤18 cycles. The primary endpoint was objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review. Secondary endpoints included duration of response, progression-free survival, pharmacokinetics, and safety. Overall, 101 patients received pembrolizumab. Median projected follow-up was 21.9 months (range, 17.0–25.7). The objective response rate was 50.5% (95% CI: 40.4–60.6; 19 complete responses, 32 partial responses). Median duration of response was not reached (NR; range, 2.4+ to 21.0+ months). Median progression-free survival was 13.8 months (95% CI: 4.1–NR). Observed pharmacokinetic exposures were consistent with model predictions for pembrolizumab 400 mg every 6 weeks and other approved and tested schedules (2 mg/kg or 200 mg every 3 weeks). Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 13 patients (12.9%). No deaths were considered treatment related. These results support the pharmacokinetic modeling and demonstrate that the benefit-risk profile of pembrolizumab 400 mg Q6W is consistent with that of 200 mg or 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Clinically meaningful objective response rate and durable progression-free survival within the expected range for first-line pembrolizumab were observed.

Clinical trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03665597.
Analysis of the high-quality development path of China’s tea export
Authors: Qin Kun , Zhou Lexin
Published: November 2024

As globalization and economic development accelerate, Chinese tea has emerged as an essential export commodity in the international market. China boasts abundant tea resources, which have significantly promoted economic growth through tea exports. This study analyses the relevant literature and the prevailing state of China’s tea export trade. Using statistical data on tea exports and empirical research methodologies, this investigation examines the key determinants influencing the high-quality development of China’s tea export sector. The research integrates relevant frontier theories from management science and engineering to propose tailored recommendations. The study reveals that while the industry has demonstrated robust economic growth, it is confronted with challenges such as the need for enhanced brand visibility and adherence to international quality benchmarks. The research findings highlight the positive influence of the "Belt and Road" initiative on the tea export trade, which advocates for strategic international collaboration. This study concludes with policy recommendations that underscore the importance of bolstering the international dissemination of Chinese tea culture, standardizing export practices, and fostering global cooperation to augment the industry’s high-quality development trajectory. The findings aim to enhance the export capabilities of Chinese tea and foster the robust growth of the tea export industry.
Relationship between characteristics of health professionals and the respect for the autonomy of cancer patients at the end of life
Authors: de Camargo Júlia Drummond , Forte Daniel Neves
Published: November 2024

Background and aim

This study investigated whether providers respected patient’s autonomy, investigating providers’ pattern of decisions and their associated characteristics.

Methods

Cross-sectional study, conducted through anonymous questionnaire with hypothetical clinical cases, presented to providers at one oncology center. Decision-making patterns were pre-stablished accordingly to the response´s pattern.

Findings

Of 151 responses, decisions patterns were paternalistic in 38%, shared in 38%, obstinate in 10.6% and consumerist in 13.2%. The consumerist providers reported never having participated in an EOL class in 35% and 30% had never trained in palliative care. Among providers with paternalistic pattern, 35.1% had never attended ethic lectures. In the obstinate group, 31.2% had no training in palliative care. When asked how subjects saw themselves about their pattern of decision, 100% of obstinate, 95% of consumerist and 89% of paternalistic patterns exhibited cognitive dissonance.

Conclusion

Significative differences between decisions and how the providers judge themselves were observed.
Cardiovascular disease risk perception among community-dwelling adults in southwest Nigeria: A mixed-method study
Authors: Awosoga Oluwagbohunmi A. , Oyewole Olufemi O. , Adegoke Opeyemi M. , Odole Adesola C. , Onyeso Ogochukwu K. , Alumona Chiedozie J. , Adeoye Abiodun M. , Aweto Happiness A. , Ige Blessing S. , Adebayo Adetola C. , Odunaiya Titilope L. , Emmanuel Grace M. , Sulaimon Nurudeen B. , Odunaiya Nse A.
Published: November 2024

Objective

The rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains a global concern. In Nigeria, the current prevalence of CVD was 76.11% with its attendance burden. The CVD risk perception of individuals is a precursor to the desired lifestyle modification necessary for CVD prevention and management. This study assessed the CVD risk perception and sociodemographic determinants among rural and urban dwellers in southwest Nigeria.

Methods

The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design involving concurrent data collection. The participants’ CVD risk perception was obtained using the Perception of Risk of Heart Disease Scale (quantitative data) and a validated focus group discussion (FGD) guide (qualitative data). Quantitative analysis was completed using descriptive statistics, Phi, Cramer’s V, and multivariate linear regression, while the FGD was thematically analysed.

Results

The quantitative study involved 1,493 participants (62.4% women) with a mean age of 46.90±15.65 years, while the FGD involved 53 participants (52.8% women) with a mean age of 50.10±13.5 years. Over a quarter (28%) of the participants had a poor CVD risk perception; the mean score was 44.40±8.07. Rural residents had a significantly poorer CVD risk perception than their urban counterparts (Mean difference = -3.16, p<0.001). Having tertiary education (β = 0.100, p < 0.001), living in urban areas (β = 0.174, p<0.001), and living in Lagos (β = 0.074, p = 0.013) and in Oyo, other than Ogun state (β = -0.156, p<0.001) significantly predicted having a good perception of CVD risk. FGD produced three themes: knowledge about CVD, CVD risk factors, and CVD prevention.

Conclusion

Participants had a fair understanding of the causes and prevention of CVD. Yet, a substantial portion underestimated their own risk of developing CVD, particularly rural dwellers and people with lower education. More public health education is required to improve the CVD risk perception in southwestern Nigeria.
Gender and migration: A continuum of gender-based violence echoing across the Sinai Desert and into Israel
Authors: Sarkin Jeremy Julian , Morais Tatiana
Published: November 2024

Gender-based violence (GBV) is widespread globally and is based on social roles. These social roles represent society’s expectations of men and women carrying out stereotyped functions and behaviours. These gendered social expectations vary across culture, space and time. Drawing from an empirical study in Israel and building on the previous literature on these issues, this qualitative and interdisciplinary article identifies various forms of GBV along Eritrean women’s journey from their home country into Israel. The empirical work helps to examine the findings of previous theoretical studies. This article establishes that there is a continuum of violence for women, especially refugees and asylum seekers, rooted in the standard system of oppression – patriarchy. This has triggered the flight and trafficking of refugees from Eritrea through the Sinai Desert and into Israel. The article argues that structural and cultural violence emanating from both the hosted community and the host community play significant roles in allowing the circumstances for GBV to thrive throughout the entire refugee cycle. What can be seen is the creation of multiple layers of vulnerabilities, particularly the specific social–legal–economic marginalization of segments of the population, including Eritrean asylum-seeking women. Reacting to this continuum of violence, many participants in the study argued that it was necessary to adopt strategies to create a continuum of resilience and resistance grounded on women’s sorority, support and agency.
Pagamento por serviços ambientais e a proteção do Pantanal: promessa ou dívida?
Authors: Monteiro Martinez Matheus , De Oliveira Nusdeo Ana Maria , Angelozi de Lima Carolina
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal a análise do papel do pagamento de serviços ambientais em função da proteção ambiental do bioma do Pantanal, sabidamente rico em relação a sua oferta de serviços ecossistêmicos. Assim, em busca de tal objetivo, foi aplicada uma análise qualitativa dos fundamentos jurídicos que respaldam a proteção de biomas especificamente quanto aos instrumentos tuteladores do Pantanal, tanto no âmbito federal quanto Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul. Tal metodologia foi aplicada em função da hipótese de que a proteção do Pantanal mediante a utilização de pagamentos por serviços ambientais vem sendo postergada no âmbito federal e estadual, apesar de se mostrar muito compatível ao bioma devido à sua característica de riqueza de funções ecossistêmicas. O estudo conclui com a confirmação parcial da hipótese, uma vez que, de fato, a proteção específica do bioma Pantanal no âmbito estadual vem sendo construída de forma lenta ao longo da última década. Contudo, não é possível afirmar que tal demora é devida a uma postergação da pauta pelo Poder Público Estadual, uma vez que há, sim, medidas de PSA no estado em proporções significativamente grandes. Mesmo assim, é preciso que o Poder Público se atente aos critérios e deveres presentes no arranjo institucional voltado ao PSA no âmbito estadual visando garantir sua implementação e transparência, sob risco de incorrer em omissão inconstitucional, vide a recente jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal.
É verde o que se pinta de verde:
Authors: De Avellar Mascarello Marcela , Dos Santos Caio Floriano
Published: November 2024

Esse artigo busca discutir criticamente a economia verde e seus instrumentos, especialmente o pagamento por serviços ambientais, tendo como base teórica a crítica ao capitalismo e à colonialidade, bem como trazendo alternativas ao desenvolvimento. O método empregado é o dedutivo e as técnicas de pesquisa adotadas foram a revisão bibliográfica e documental. Entendemos que não é possível analisar uma política de forma isolada do seu contexto. Nesse sentido, verifica-se que a economia verde é mais um subterfúgio do capitalismo e da sociedade hegemônica de se reinventar em suas crises cíclicas, sendo essas ideias fortalecidas nas crises de 1960 e 2008, ganhando envergadura em 2012 na Rio +20. Mais do que uma forma de driblar a crise abafando as críticas sociais e possíveis revoluções, essa estratégia permitiu e permite que a natureza contribua ainda mais na acumulação de capital. Agora, mais do que matéria prima, a natureza se tornou uma mercadoria que pode ser negociada (seja preservada ou devastada/poluída), há uma métrica que estabelece em valor monetário para um ecossistema. Essa financeirização da natureza está dentro de uma lógica antropocêntrica e utilitarista e vai contra as formas de ‘con-viver’ nos territórios de povos e comunidades tradicionais. No que se refere à PNPSA entendemos ser uma política nova que precisa ser melhor analisada. No entanto, o contexto em que foi aprovada nos dá alguns indícios de que o seu objetivo, ao fim e ao cabo, não é a preservação e conservação da natureza. Ao invés de investir em políticas estimuladas pelo Banco Mundial, entendemos que devemos aprender com os povos e populações tradicionais para uma possível reversão da crise ambiental que vivemos; para um bem viver e bons ‘con-viveres’; para evitar ‘a queda do céu’.
A History of Scope Expansion in Optometry and its Impact on the Profession
Authors: Goss David , Amos John
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to review the history of meetings held pertaining to the future direction of the profession, legislation passed, and other factors that have significantly impacted the scope of practice of the optometric profession over the past 55 years. Among the topics discussed are the various antecedent events that led to the decision to evolve from a drugless profession to a profession that embraced drugs and surgical procedures. Also discussed are such issues as changes in the optometric curriculum, nature of continuing education courses, type of research conducted both inside and outside of optometric institutions, improvement in interprofessional relations, personal and professional esteem, benefits to the public, and integration into the nation’s health care system.
A Brief History of Optometric Co-Management and its Role in Scope Expansion
Authors: Ajamian Paul
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the history of comanagement in eye care and its relation to optometric scope expansion.  The influence of the comanagement movement on optometric education, referral patterns, and continuing education and the benefits to both the optometrists and ophthalmologists who were involved are also addressed.
Thoughts on a Lifetime of Optometric Practice and Changes in Scope of Practice
Authors: Edmonds Charles
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses personal experiences in optometry practice, first in the military, then in rural southern Arizona, and later in Tucson, Arizona, with emphasis on scope of practice.
الاحتراق النفسي وعلاقته بالمرونة النفسية لدى حُكّام كرة القدم
Authors: Salih Bahzad A. , Hameed Charwan J.
Published: November 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرُّف على الاحتراق النفسي وعلاقته بالمرونة النفسية لدى حكام كرة القدم باقليم كردستان عن طريق الإجابة على أسئلة البحث الآتية: وما مستوى الاحتراق النفسي لدى حُكاّم كرة القدم في إقليم كوردستان العراق؟، وما مستوى المرونة النفسية لدى حُكّام كرة القدم في إقليم كوردستان العراق؟، وما العلاقة بين الاحتراق النفسي والمرونة النفسية لدى حُكّام كرة القدم في إقليم كوردستان العراق؟ اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي يهتم بالتعرُّف على المتغيّرات المتعلّقة بالدراسة وتحليل البيانات التي يتمّ الحصول عليها في ضوء أداة الدراسة عن طريق استعمال الأساليب والطرائق الإحصائية للوصول إلى نتائج يمكن عن طريقها تحقيق أهداف الدراسة. إذ تكوّنت عيّنة البحث من (50) حَكَماً من حكّام كرة القدم في دوري الدرجة الأولى والممتازة في إقليم كوردستان العراق (دهوك، أربيل، سليمانية)، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: ارتفاع مستوى الاحتراق النفسي بأبعاده لدي حكّام كرة القدم بإقليم كوردستان العراق من وجهة نظر أفراد عيّنة الدراسة، وارتفاع مستوى المرونة النفسية لدى حكّام كرة القدم بإقليم كوردستان العراق من وجهة نظر أفراد عيّنة الدراسة ، ووجود تأثير طرديّ ذي دلالة إحصائية لمستوى الاحتراق النفسي على مستوي المرونة النفسية لدى حكّام كرة القدم في إقليم كوردستان العراق، كما قدّمت الدراسة عدة توصيات أهمّها: توجيه انتباه القائمين على تنظيم المباريات إلى أهمية تقليل الضغوط التي تتسبب فى ارتفاع مستوى الاحتراق النفسي لدى الحكاّم، وتقديم الدعم النفسي والتدريبات وورش العمل للحكام لرفع مستوى المرونة النفسيه لديهم، والاهتمام ببناء وتقنين مقاييس التشخيص والتقويم والاختبارات الموضوعية لتكون قاعدة انطلاق للإعداد النفسي لحكام كرة القدم، وتكون معياراً جيداً لاختيار الحكّام الجدد، ووسيلة فعّالة لاختبارات ترقّي الحكام إلى الدرجات العُليا.، وتصميم برامج إرشادية تطبيقية لرفع مستوى المرونة النفسية لحُكّام كرة القدم التي تنعكس أثرها على زيادة كفاءتهم في التعامل مع الاحتراق النفسي الذي يتعرّضون له فى المباريات.
Zmiany umów w sprawie zamówień publicznych w świetle wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z 7 grudnia 2023 r.
Authors: Wenerski Arkady
Published: November 2024

The article deals with a judgment that is important from the perspective of interpreting the public procurement law on contract modifications, namely, the judgment of the CJEU of 7 December 2023. The judgment draws attention to at least two incorrect practices. First, “unforeseeable” circumstances, the occurrence of which may justify a contract modification, are sometimes interpreted too broadly. Second, contract modifications that are not made “explicitly” (by an agreement or annex modifying the contract) are not treated as contract modifications within the meaning of the regulations. The conclusions resulting from the judgment are a relevant signal for the entire public procurement market, a signal whose identification by participants in the public procurement market is mandatory. The article takes a closer look at the motives of the CJEU, as well as the implications of the ruling for participants in the public procurement market and empirical research. According to the author’s research, the contract modification rationale for the occurrence of “unforeseeable” circumstances is often used as a justification for contract modification. However, research supports the thesis that there are numerous cases in which it may be questionable to apply the rationale allowing contract modification due to the occurrence of “unforeseeable” circumstances. The correct interpretation of the CJEU judgment in question is all the more important in view of the above (the author’s research) and in terms of the potential increase in the number of public contracts (associated with the use of European Funds). Modification of a contract covered by EU funding in a manner that is not in compliance with the law may result in a 25% adjustment of the funding received.
Czy klimatyzacja jest prawem człowieka? O odpowiedzialności państwa za przeciwdziałanie skutkom globalnego ocieplenia na gruncie Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Kazimierski Damian , Wardecki Władysław
Published: November 2024

In the age of noticeable climate change, enduring high temperatures is becoming a serious problem and inconvenience, which can cause health problems and even lead to death. One way to counteract the negative effects of heatwaves is to use an indoor air-conditioning system – both in residential building and in workplaces. The purpose of the article is to find an answer to the question posed in the title of the publication of whether access to an air-conditioned room can be considered, on the basis of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, to be a human right. The considerations are divided into two segments: the right  to air-conditioning in the workplace as part of the employer’s provision of safe and hygienic conditions, and the state’s responsibility for counteracting the negative effects of climate change. Indeed, it turns out that the Polish constitution makes it possible to conclude that the state has a certain obligation to provide places   of rest from the heat in a situation where it threatens health and life. The article presents selected solutions for counteracting the effects of hot weather in European cities where high temperatures are more frequently recorded than in Poland. In addition, it presents the scope of the obligation to ensure adequate comfort   at work in conditions with a high air temperature that also falls on employers. The aim is to draw attention to the important issue of how public authorities can counteract the negative effects of global warming. Indicating solutions used in other countries, it seeks an appropriate way for public authorities to act in Poland.
Research on technological process for production of muskmelon juice (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Nguyen Trinh Thi Nhu Hang , Pham Binh An , Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan , Vu Duc Ngoc , Van Chi Khang
Published: November 2024

The effects of hydrolysis of muskmelon pomace on fruit juice recovery efficiency, transmittance, total phenolic content, total ascorbic acid content, total flavonoid content, and total carotenoid content have been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of pectinase enzyme in the hydrolysis process, specifically looking at the effects of pH, temperature, time, and enzyme concentration on the production of effective muskmelon juice. Additionally, the optimal mixing ratio of ingredients such as melon juice content, Brix level, citric acid, and additives (pectin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC], xanthan gum) was investigated to create a high-quality muskmelon juice product. The results showed that using a pectinase enzyme concentration of 0.2%, a pH of 5.0, and a hydrolysis temperature of 45°C for 120 min resulted in a muskmelon juice product with a hydrolyzed juice content of 20%, a Brix level of 12%, and a citric acid addition rate of 0.04%. The addition of xanthan gum at a rate of 0.03% also contributed to the desired flavor and color of the juice. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of effective muskmelon juice processes.
Lectura Dantis Inferno XXI: Ein Zwischenspiel der Karsamstags(un)genauigkeit
Authors: Rauchhaus Moritz
Published: November 2024

Riassunto

Il ventunesimo canto dell’Inferno è spesso considerato un interludio che presenta diavoli invece di peccatori umani. La scelta di questo inserimento è stato oggetto di discussione: Perché Dante lo inserisce a questo punto, per beffare i suoi accusatori (siccome secondo loro sarebbe finito proprio in questa bolgia della baratterìa) o per sottolineare il carattere comico della sua Commedia? Questa Lectura cerca di interpretare il canto come l’espressione della situazione liturgica in cui Dante e Virgilio si trovano, cioè il Sabato Santo. Il canto contiene una datazione precisa del viaggio di Dante, che però, pur dedicandogli una terzina intera, non nomina mai il giorno di nome proprio (»Ier, più oltre cinqu’ore che quest’otta / mille dugento con sessanta sei / anni compié che qui la via fu rotta«, 112–114). Questo gioco fra la certezza e l’incertezza, fra il visibile e l’invisibile e fra il detto e il nascosto caratterizza il Sabato Santo che, in questo canto, non è solo citato ma rievocato. La comicità del canto, che comincia con le parole »mia comedìa« (2) e finisce con la flatulenza di un diavolo (139), dunque non funziona come contrasto alla severità del resto del viaggio ma diventa una parte integrale della Commedia.
Un fabbro, un asinaio, una donna di Verona
Authors: Pirovano Donato
Published: November 2024

Zu den ältesten und bekanntesten Beispielen für eine frühe volkstümliche Dante-Rezeption gehören zwei von Franco Sacchettis Trecentonovelle und eine Passage aus Giovanni Boccaccios Trattatello in laude di Dante. In Sacchettis Novellen 114 und 115 reagiert Dante auf einen Schmied und einen Eseltreiber, die Verse aus seiner Commedia verunstalten. In seiner Dante-Biographie erzählt Boccaccio eine Anekdote aus Verona, in der eine Frau glaubt, Dante habe eine dunkle Haut und einen krausen Bart, weil er in der Hölle ein und aus gehe. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, in diesen Texten Anhaltspunkte für das Erscheinungsdatum der Commedia zu finden.
The role of the insider translator in conservation and development: comparing multilingual (auto)ethnobotanical books from Tanzania, Thailand, and Taiwan
Authors: Sterk Darryl Cameron
Published: November 2024

This article compares recent multilingual (auto)ethnobotanical books from Tanzania, Thailand, and Taiwan in terms of the role that the “insider translator” might play in linguistic, cultural, or environmental conservation or development. The books were motivated by similar concerns, but differed in the backgrounds of the authors, including translators and compilers. How did the backgrounds of the authors – as cultural outsiders or insiders – condition the form and content of the (auto)ethnobotanical books? What approach to authorship might be most effective for achieving the intended aims of the (auto)ethnobotanists? Based on textual analysis, interviews, and fieldwork, the main findings are as follows. The interlingual translation in the Tanzanian and Thai cases was unidirectional out of the local language, because the compilers, who were outsiders, were more concerned about the conservation of endangered languages, cultures, and environments. There was no division of labor between compiler and translator in the Taiwanese case, and the translation was bidirectional, because the authors were committed to the development of their language. It stands to reason that an autoethnobotanical effort, one made by cultural insiders, to conserve traditional plant knowledge or develop an ancestral language would be more effective than an ethnobotanical one; but the long-term effectiveness of any of the multilingual (auto)ethnobotanical books needs further comparative research.
Interannual variations of normalized difference vegetation index and potential evapotranspiration and their relationship in the Baghdad area
Authors: Ahmed Muna H. , Mahdi Zahraa S. , Al-Jiboori Monim H. , Mahmood Dalia A.
Published: November 2024

A monthly correlation between urban vegetation growth and potential evapotranspiration (PET) is needed for better knowledge of controlling water resources and organized irrigation processes. This study aims to explore their relationship within an urban area like Baghdad, using a linear regression model to derive a best-fit line drawn in a scatterplot on a monthly time scale. Based on two different monthly data sources: weather variables (e.g., air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity) and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery of 2 years, 2018 and 2021, this study presented the interannual variations of PET and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The choice of these years has a significant feature of climatic differences, which are arid and semi-arid, respectively. PET values were estimated by the Truc method, while the areas of vegetation (represented by NDVI) were calculated using the Geographic Information Sensing program. The results show that the maximum PET in both years was found in the summer months (June and July) with mean values of about 8.8 mm/day, while their minimum mean values of about 1.5 mm/day occurred in winter months (January and December). From the spatial distribution of NDVI, it was found that at positive pixels when NDVI >0.2, vegetation cover in March, April, and December 2018 had large areas with more than 200 km2 in 2018, while they were largest only in May 2021 with 197.8 km2. There was a linear correlation with slope (0.03) and intercept (= 1.8) and a strong correlation, R
2 = 0.72. The practical implications of the findings contribute to enhancing a solid scientific basis for improving agricultural water management, especially under dry conditions.
Implications of glioblastoma-derived exosomes in modifying the immune system: state-of-the-art and challenges
Authors: Afshar Yashmin , Sharifi Negin , Kamroo Amirhossein , Yazdanpanah Niloufar , Saleki Kiarash , Rezaei Nima
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma is a brain cancer with a poor prognosis. Failure of classical chemotherapy and surgical treatments indicates that new therapeutic approaches are needed. Among cell-free options, exosomes are versatile extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry important cargo across barriers such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to their target cells. This makes exosomes an interesting option for the treatment of glioblastoma. Moreover, exosomes can comprise many therapeutic cargos, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, sampled from special intercellular compartments of their origin cell. Cells exposed to various immunomodulatory stimuli can generate exosomes enriched in specific therapeutic molecules. Notably, the secretion of exosomes could modify the immune response in innate and adaptive immune systems. For instance, glioblastoma-associated exosomes (GBex) uptake by macrophages could influence macrophage dynamics (e.g., shifting CD markers expression). Expression of critical immunoregulatory proteins such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-1 (CTLA1) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) on GBex indicates the direct crosstalk of these nano-size vesicles with the immune system. The present study reviews the role of exosomes in immune system cells, including B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), as well as novel technologies in the field.
ICT and energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects and transmission channels
Authors: Noubissi Edmond
Published: November 2024

This paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and energy consumption. Despite increasing attention on the subject, existing studies have not yet investigated the channels through which ICTs affect energy demand. We use a stochastic impact model extended to the population, wealth and technology regression model to estimate both the effect and transmission of ICTs on energy demand in 24 sub-Saharan African countries from 1995 to 2018. Empirical results show that ICT use, measured by mobile and fixed-line telephone penetration significantly reduces energy consumption.
In addition, the mediation analysis reveals that ICTs not only have a direct negative effect on energy consumption but also an indirect negative effect through its impact on GDP per capita and industrial sector development and a mixed indirect effect through financial development. However, the total effect is negative and indicates that ICTs are reducing energy consumption in sub-Saharan Africa. To accentuate the negative effects of ICTs on energy consumption, Governments should design policies to improve access to credit for the private sector, reduce income inequalities among populations, promote the use of industrial development and provide financial incentives for the development of green technologies.
Prise en compte de la diversité au secondaire : les obstacles à l’apprentissage comme variable d’intérêt
Authors: Bergeron Léna , Bergeron Geneviève , Lachance Audrey
Published: November 2024

Alors qu’elle est mise de l’avant dans plusieurs écrits portant sur l’éducation inclusive, la question des obstacles à l’apprentissage et à la participation des élèves est souvent traitée de manière superficielle, ce qui rend difficile son opérationnalisation. Afin d’approfondir le sujet, cet article propose de mettre en évidence ce qui est interprété comme étant à l’origine d’obstacles potentiels ou rencontrés par neuf personnes enseignantes du secondaire participant à une recherche-action-formation. Les résultats illustrent que ces dernières invoquent dans leur raisonnement des aspects qui relèvent des savoirs, des élèves, des pratiques pédagogiques et des conditions de travail des élèves.
La recherche avec des élèves adolescents de moins de 14 ans : une population souvent mise de côté
Authors: Domine Sophie , Paré Mélanie
Published: November 2024

L’accès aux écoles et à leurs membres est essentiel en recherche en éducation. Pour les élèves de moins de 14 ans, l’obtention du consentement parental est alors nécessaire. Or, dans certains contextes, notamment de défavorisation, contacter les familles et avoir un retour de leur part peut être un réel obstacle à la participation des élèves. Ainsi, sans le vouloir, une privation de droits des enfants et des biais d’échantillons peuvent limiter la portée de la recherche. Cet article présente une réflexion et des arguments autour du consentement des jeunes de moins de 14 ans dans le cadre d’une recherche de doctorat.
Les pratiques d’enseignement inclusives au primaire et au secondaire : analyse des articles du numéro thématique
Authors: Paré Mélanie , Croguennec Florence , Monney Nicole
Published: November 2024

Cet article présente ce numéro thématique sur les pratiques d’enseignement inclusives au primaire et au secondaire. Le contenu des 17 articles a été analysé pour créer une synthèse utile aux lecteurs. Elle couvre trois axes qui les orienteront vers les contextes de choix pour développer des pratiques inclusives, vers les collaborations professionnelles les plus fécondes et vers la planification de pratiques et de modalités d’évaluation centrées sur le bienêtre, la participation et la réussite des élèves. Les pratiques relevées touchent le coenseignement, le niveau de participation de tous les élèves, la coplanification et l’évaluation formative.
Influence of growth temperature on the structural and optical characteristics of PbZnS thin films
Authors:   University of Selcuk Karapınar Aydoganlar Vocational School, 42400 Konya, Turkey, Temiz M. , Çelik S ,   University of Gaziantep Engineering Facuty 27200 Gaziantep, Turkey
Published: November 2024

Ternary thin films have garnered significant attention due to their adjustable band gap characteristics, making them suitable for many applications. In this research, we examined the structural and optical characteristics of PbZnS thin films fabricated onto glass substrates employing the spray pyrolysis techniuqe. The films were fabricated at different temperatures ranging from 300 to 400°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that all films displayed a cubic structure with a preferred orientation along the (200) plane. From the analysis of XRD peaks, it was observed that the crystal structure initially improved with increasing temperature but then began to degrade. These films demonstrated strong absorption in the range of 350–1600 nm. The optical bandgap (Eg) values, calculated based on the relationship between the absorption coefficient and photon energy, showed slight variations around 2 eV. Notably, the band gap decreased with growth temperatures up to 350°C, then increased at higher temperatures. These fluctuations are attributed to factors such as thermal expansion, strain, defects, surface/interface effects, and changes in doping or composition.
Ni substituted aluminum doped zinc titanate (AZNT) nano-particles: synthesis and characterization
Authors:   Dept. of Physics (GSS) Gitam Deemed to be University Bangalore, India, Srinivas Y. , Krishna Prasad N. V. ,   Dept. of Physics (GSS) Gitam Deemed to be University Bangalore, India, Naresh U ,   Dept. of Physics, PVKK Institute of Technology, Anantapur, India
Published: November 2024

We synthesized a series of Nickel-substituted Aluminium doped Zinc Titanate (AZNT) nano-particles using hydrothermal method. The structure of synthesized samples was meticulously analyzed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) while the lattice parameters, crystallite size and volume were calculated with utmost precision. The morphology was further examined using two advanced microscopy techniques Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). These techniques provide detailed imaging and analysis of nano-scale materials. FESEM involves usage of electron beam to scan the surface of a sample and the sample's grain size was estimated. The study investigated the dielectric properties within a frequency range of 10Hz to 50MHz. The dielectric constants and impedance parameters were analyzed. The physical properties of the samples, as determined through these methods, hold promise for practical applications in super capacitors and energy storage devices, offering a glimpse into a potentially transformative future in energy technology.
SnO2 and Sn0.95M0.05O2 [M=Fe, Co and Cu] thin films: synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity
Authors:   LASPI2A Laboratory of Structures, Properties and Interatomic Interactions, Abbes Laghrour University, Khenchela 40000, Algeria, Roguai S. , Lakel A. ,   Laboratory of Metallic and Semiconducting Materials, University of Biskra, BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria, Djelloul A. ,   Science of Matter, Abbes Laghrour University, Khenchela 40000, Algeria
Published: November 2024

On discussed the relationship between the nature of dopant (Cu, Co, Fe)-SnO2 and their structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and photocatalysts characteristics. We prepared the films on glass substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique. Detailed analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that all obtained thin films crystallized in a rutile tetragonal structure. A homogeneous and compact surface with an important dimension of grains was revealed by observation (SEM) for the doped films. The transmittance spectra results indicated that the layers are dependent on the doping nature and that the doping leads to a broadening of the calculated bandgap. Lastly, the Seebeck coefficient rises from │76│for undoped SnO2 to │110│for Co-doping, │133│for Cu-doping, and declines with Fe- doping (│71│µV/K). While the concentration of carriers decreases by 1.96×10¹⁹, 9.80×10¹⁸, and 6. 66×10¹⁸ cm-³ for SnO2, Sn0.95Co0.05O2, and Sn0.95 Cu 0.05O2 thin films, respectively, and increased for Fe doping (6.17 ×10¹⁹ cm-³). These electrical properties indicated that the resistivity is affected by the nature of the doping. For the photocatalytic tests, the best performance was observed for samples Sn0.90Fe0.05 O2 (45% rate of degradation).
Influence of Al2O3 - nano filler on the Vachellia Nilotica blended hybrid epoxy composites: a comprehensive analysis of mechanical, viscoelastic, and dielectric behavior
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India, Rama Devi D. , Saritha B. ,   Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
Published: November 2024

This work presents the influence of Alumina (Al2O3) Nano powder on the mechanical, dynamic, and dielectric properties of the hybrid epoxy resin composite material containing Vachellia nilotica (VN). The hand lay up method was used to make the composite specimens at different volume fractions of the alumina nano particle filler (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 v/v%). The Vachellia nilotica content was kept at 12 v/v% in all the samples remaining being epoxy resin. The experimental results indicate that the composite with 9 v/v% Al2O3 showed better mechanical and dielectric properties when compared to other volume percentages. The epoxy composite with the highest glass transition temperature and storage modulus was also the one containing 9 v/v% nano filler. Furthermore, the dielectric test demonstrated that the addition of the nano filler strengthened the dielectric strength of the composite. The structural morphology of the composite's tensile fracture was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the interaction between the epoxy matrix and the fillers in the hybrid composites.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles doped Leucas aspera leaf extract and its photocatalytic applications
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Salem - 636007, Tamil Nadu, India, Senthilkumar V. C. , Bhadusha N. ,   Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Salem - 636007, Tamil Nadu, India, Uthrakumar R. ,   Department of Physics, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Salem - 636007, Tamil Nadu, India, Kaviyarasu K. ,   UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, PO Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa
Published: November 2024

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been produced from the leaf extract of Leucas aspera by utilising a straight forward co-precipitation technique in a green synthesis strategy. The produced nanoparticles are examined by photocatalytic analysis, FTIR, XRD, UV–visible, and SEM. ZnO-related distinctive peaks were visible in the FTIR spectra. The XRD investigation verifies that the produced nanoparticles have a hexagonal crystal structure. Doped ZnO utilising leaf extract has surface morphology that is practically spherical in shape and has minimal aggregation, according to SEM analysis. ZnO-LA composite's photocatalytic dye degradation effectiveness against visible light irradiations is approximately 83%.