bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppression of theEscherichia coli rnpA49conditionally lethal phenotype by different compensatory mutations
Authors: Babina Arianne M. , Kirsebom Leif A. , Andersson Dan I.
Published: April 2024

RNase P is an essential enzyme found across all domains of life that is responsible for the 5′-end maturation of precursor tRNAs. For decades, numerous studies have sought to elucidate the mechanisms and biochemistry governing RNase P function. However, much remains unknown about the regulation of RNase P expression, the turnover and degradation of the enzyme, and the mechanisms underlying the phenotypes and complementation of specific RNase P mutations, especially in the model bacterium,Escherichia coli. InE. coli, the temperature-sensitive (ts)rnpA49mutation in the protein subunit of RNase P has arguably been one of the most well-studied mutations for examining the enzyme's activity in vivo. Here, we report for the first time naturally occurring temperature-resistant suppressor mutations ofE. colistrains carrying thernpA49allele. We find thatrnpA49strains can partially compensate the ts defect via gene amplifications of either RNase P subunit (rnpA49orrnpB) or by the acquisition of loss-of-function mutations in Lon protease or RNase R. Our results agree with previous plasmid overexpression and gene deletion complementation studies, and importantly suggest the involvement of Lon protease in the degradation and/or regulatory pathway(s) of the mutant protein subunit of RNase P. This work offers novel insights into the behavior and complementation of thernpA49allele in vivo and provides direction for follow-up studies regarding RNase P regulation and turnover inE. coli.
Computational simulation of the effects of blood flow velocity on atherosclerosis progression in a human carotid artery
Authors: Alagbe Edith , Amoo Temiloluwa , Oriaifo Osejie , Ayeni Augustine
Published: April 2024

Background Atherosclerosis is a build-up of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the channels of blood vessels. This occludes the vessels and, occurring in the carotid arteries, portends conditions that favour stroke. This work is an attempt to mathematically represent the physiological process of atherosclerosis caused by plaques on the walls of the human arteries. Aim Provide insight into the effect of blood flow velocity on wall shear stress and its implications on atherosclerosis progression in a human carotid artery via computational simulation. Methods The effect of blood velocity on plaque growth and progression is simulated using COMSOL multi-physics. The human carotid was modeled in 2-D with Stokes law for model flow. The simulation began with a plaque-free vessel with velocities of 30 m/s – 125 m/s. Results Results showed that the rate of plaque initiation dropped as the blood velocity increased from 30 m/s to 125 m/s; higher inlet velocities gave lower plaque growth; the highest degree of 30% stenosis was recorded at a blood velocity of 30 m/s. Plaque height significantly affects the Plaque wall Stress, PWS, and its distribution around the plaque and arterial wall; higher plaque heights experience higher velocity distribution around the plaque, causing a higher force associated with blood flow around the plaque, resulting in higher compression stress. More compressional stresses are localized around the root, which would encourage growth as well as possible rupture at higher velocities. These ruptured plaques potentially narrow or block the arteries and prevent blood flow. This is atherosclerosis and can lead to a heart attack. Conclusion Results from this study can find significant use in the understanding, management, and treatment of atherosclerosis since the regulation of blood velocity and pressure plays a major role in the progress of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery which raises the risk of stroke.
Influencing factors of health-related quality-of-life perceived by both children/adolescents patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus and their parents: A North-African study
Authors: Ben Abdesselem Imen , Kebeili Raoudha , Derbel Khansa , Ben Said Hichem , Boughamoura Lamia , Bouguila Jihene , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: April 2024

Aim To determine the influencing factors of health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) perceived by North-African children/adolescents with type-1 diabetes-mellitus (T1DM) and their parents. Methods It was a cross sectional study conducted in Tunisia. A total of 116 patients ( ie ; 43 children and 73 adolescents) and their parents were included. The Arabic validated version of the Pediatric Generic Core Quality-of-Life Inventory 4.0-Scale (PedsQL4.0) was used to evaluate the HRQoL of children/adolescents as perceived by patients and parents. The dependent data were the patients’ self-report and the parents’ proxy-report of the PedsQL4.0 total scores, and the independent data were the patients and parents characteristics. Results Patients’ PedsQL4.0 total score was influenced significantly by siblings in the family > 2; lipodystrophy, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). The combination of these factors explained 34.84% of the PedsQL4.0 total score variability. Parents’ PedsQL4.0 total score was influenced significantly by lipodystrophy, siblings; body mass index (BMI), hypoglycemia episodes, and HbA1C. The combination of these factors explained 56.92% of the PedsQL4.0 total score variability. Conclusion T1DM patients self-reported HRQoL was influenced by siblings in the family > 2; lipodystrophy, and HbA1C. The parents’ proxy-report HRQoL was influenced by lipodystrophy, siblings, BMI, hypoglycemia episodes, and HbA1C.
Economic Security of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Kaliningrad Region: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Dorofeeva V. , Zimich I.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of ensuring economic security of the agro-industrial complex and the role of economic security in the sustainable development of the region. The current state of the agricultural sector of the Kaliningrad region and the main challenges it faces are analyzed. The importance of scientific research and risk management in agriculture for achieving high results in the formation of food security and sustainable development of the region is substantiated. Based on retrospective and forecast analysis, recommendations were formulated to ensure the economic security of the agro-industrial complex and create favorable conditions for the development of agriculture in the Kaliningrad region.
A comparative analysis of antegrade and retrograde Kirschner wire fixation for proximal phalanx base fractures
Authors: Koh Sung Hoon , Kim Yeon Wook , Kim Jin Soo , Lee Dong Chul , Roh Si Young , Lee Kyung Jin
Published: April 2024

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether the clinical outcomes of antegrade and retrograde extra-articular Kirschner wire (K-wire) pinning differed in proximal phalanx base fractures.Methods: This retrospective study investigated 73 patients aged ≥18 years with extra-articular proximal phalanx base fractures that were treated by closed K-wire pinning between January 2014 and June 2023. Patients were analyzed according to whether the K-wire fixation was antegrade or retrograde. We analyzed demographics, injury characteristics, the number of K-wires applied, surgical duration, the interval before implant removal, and when physical therapy was started. Radiological outcomes included the amount of time required for radiographically confirmed bone union. Clinical outcomes consisted of complications, total active motion (TAM), and the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ).Results: We treated 29 and 44 patients using antegrade and retrograde K-wire fixation, respectively. The overall complication rate was higher in the antegrade group than in the retrograde group (13.8% vs. 9.1%), although this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, no significant between-group differences were detected in the length of time required for bone union and implant removal, TAM, and MHQ scores.Conclusion: Proximal phalanx base fractures were equally and effectively treated by antegrade and retrograde K-wire fixation. Therefore, the direction of K-wire fixation can be chosen based on surgeons’ preferences and experience.
Critical Theory of Linguistics and Language: a humanistic, historical and comparative approach
Authors: Agud Aparicio Ana María
Published: April 2024

This book is a critical reflection on the "linguistic ideologies" which support most scientific approaches to the study of human language in Western history. Starting from Humboldt´s revolution in language theory, it tries to build a bridge between the European tradition of critical philosophy and the theoretical framework of the constitution of research objects and methods in modern linguistics. The factuality, individuality, and historicity of human language are here the main pillars of a reflection that takes into account the broad indeterminacy of factual linguistic meanings, both in ordinary speaking and in professional "speaking about speaking". Humanism as the ethic framework of human sciences, dialectic logic and epistemology, recent developments of neural sciences, and aesthetics as a means of recovering the materiality of linguistic behaviour, are the main conceptual tools used by the autor.
Conocimientos, saberes y territorios. Trayectorias analíticas y exploraciones empíricas en el sur del Tolima y occidente de Neiva
Authors: Baquero Melo Jairo , Uribe Sarmiento John Jairo , Pachón Gantiva Germán Augusto , Quiroga Rendón Emmanuel , Vega Reina Vicente
Published: April 2024

En primera instancia, se van a presentar algunas tendencias académicas generales sobre el concepto de conocimiento. Más adelante, se construyen dos conceptos elaborados alrededor del conocimiento: gestión de conocimiento y economía política del conocimiento. Después, se presenta una perspectiva distinta sobre el conocimiento, a partir de la noción desarrollada por varios autores (De Sousa, 2015; Crespo y Vila Viñas, 2015), de “diálogos de saberes”. Posteriormente, se ofrecerá una perspectiva crítica del concepto de territorio de acuerdo con las reflexiones de Stuart Elden (2010) y Sam Halvorsen (2018). Por último, se establecen algunas líneas de reflexión sobre la relación entre conocimientos, saberes y territorios a partir de una investigación adelantada en el sur del Tolima y el occidente de Neiva
“Paz es que a las mujeres se nos reconozca todo, que podamos decir: ¡Somos libres!”. Una apuesta hacia la construcción de una tejeduría de paces justas al género. Caso Red de Mujeres Chaparralunas por la Paz en el sur del Tolima
Authors: Barros Navarro Nohora Isabel , Sala Valdés Cristina , Cardona Bonilla Martha Ibeth , Figueroa Olaya María Ximena
Published: April 2024

En este sentido, este texto está dividido de la siguiente forma: en la primera parte, se presentan las críticas que los feminismos decoloniales y poscoloniales han realizado sobre el proyecto de paz liberal, y sobre las teorías hegemónicas de paz y violencia. En la segunda, la descripción metodológica del proceso de investigación que efectuamos con la Red de Mujeres Chaparralunas por la Paz. En la tercera, exponemos cómo las mujeres del sur del Tolima definimos y construimos paz territorial. Finalmente, cerramos con un apartado de conclusiones.
Paz ambiental y juventud alternativa: un aporte desde la experiencia de la Fundación Protectora Ambiental de Planadas Tolima
Authors: Padilla Quintero Santiago Andrés , Salamanca Santos María del Pilar , Rodríguez Yate Jeferson , Castellanos Rincón Yeison Ricardo
Published: April 2024

El presente texto es resultado del proyecto de investigación “Escuela, territorio y posconflicto: construyendo una cultura de paz local en el sur del Tolima”, específicamente del trabajo liderado por su línea comunitaria, un ejercicio investigativo que se propuso producir conocimiento y cultura para la paz en el sur del Tolima, un territorio que históricamente ha sufrido el conflicto armado colombiano, pero en el que también se han gestado diversas iniciativas de paz. Para ello, academia y organizaciones sociales provenientes de la región emprendimos un diálogo sobre las visiones de paz que estas últimas han formado desde su quehacer y su habitar el territorio, allí fungimos el rol de facilitadores de la discusión, aprendices e interlocutores.
A Potential Role of Xenometabolites as Nutraceutical: A Concurrent Review
Authors: Biswas Sunanda , Imran Ali , Islam Fakhar , Arshad Muhammad Umair , Aslam Iqra , Shah Mohd Asif , Shehzadi Umber , Usman Ifrah , Rasool zza Faiz UL , Aslam Safura
Published: April 2024

The gut microbiota has the capacity to de-novo manufacture or change endogenous and exogenous substances to produce or alter xenometabolites (i.e., non-host-derived metabolites). A wide-scale characterization of these metabolites is still lacking, despite rare instances of xenometabolites impacting host health and illness. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate how the gut microbiome affects individual function and health, including links between specific intestinal microorganism populations and metabolites and the health of the systemic-immune system and gastrointestinal tract. The current review article delves into the sources of xenometabolites and the role of modeling in addressing the complexity of the xenometabolites process, as well as various nutraceutical benefits such as antibiotics, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer action.
Consumer Preferences for Native Chicken Meat in India: Implications for Sustainable Production and Household Dynamics
Authors: Kathiravan G. , Chitrambigai K.
Published: April 2024

Indigenous and native chickens play a pivotal role in rural economies, providing income and food security. India is one of the world's top producers of poultry, with a total chicken population of 851.8 million in 2019 and 37.2% representing native or indigenous breeds. In recent years, the rising demand for native chicken meat and government-backed projects in India have led to a shift from traditional backyard chicken raising to semi-intensive and intensive farms, empowering marginalized communities and women. Consumer preferences for native chicken meat in India was examined in this study, employing a two-part model with a logit model and log-normal OLS model to analyse responses from 503 consumers. Additionally, factor analysis revealed nine key factors influencing attitudes. Gender, age, income, education, marital status, cohabitation, household size, the presence of seniors or children, and consumption frequency significantly shaped preferences. Factors such as psychological well-being, affordability, knowledge, nutrition, food quality, fitness, purity, and sustainability had negative effects on preference and quantity purchased. The study reveals a strong consumer preference for native chicken meat, attributed to its organic nature, including traditional farming and sustainable production. To enhance sustainability of semi-intensive and intensive native chicken farming, it is imperative to address pricing disparities and ensure the consistent availability of native chicken meat. Achieving long-term sustainability in native chicken farming requires aligning consumer demand with ethical and environmentally sustainable farming practices.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Potential Upshot on Health at Early Life Stage Development
Authors: Chaturvedi Neelam , Gupta Bhargavi , Sahrawat Neha , Dua Saloni , Kumari Chandra , Mittal Srishti
Published: April 2024

In the crucial early months of life, an infant's health, growth, and safeguarding are paramount. Breastfeeding stands out as the optimal and natural means of nourishment, offering profound benefits for their development and overall wellness. Within breast milk, a rich array of bioactive components, including hormones, oligosaccharides, and immunoglobulins, provide neonates with an ideal nutritional balance. Among these, Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) rank prominently, serving both as prebiotics and shields against various neonatal ailments. Particularly, compounds like 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT) have been deemed safe for integration into infant formulas, amplifying their benefits. Extensive research underscores the manifold advantages of HMOs, from modulating gut microbiota to bolstering immune function and thwarting pathogenic invaders. HMOs also exhibit a nuanced interplay with maternal genetics, influencing their quantity and diversity. Infants nursed by secretor mothers tend to enjoy enhanced HMO benefits compared to non-secretor counterparts. Incorporating HMOs like Lacto-N-Neotetraose and 2′-Fucosyllactose into infant formulas represents a pivotal stride in optimizing child nutrition. This review offers a thorough exploration of recent research on HMOs, delving into their varied types, concentrations, and compositions, while emphasizing their profound impact on infant health and safety. By consolidating current research findings and recent progress, this study seeks to clarify the diverse effects of HMOs on different facets of human physiology, immune system maturation, modulation of gut microbiota, neurological functioning, and lifelong health implications. Emphasizing the pivotal role of HMOs in influencing human well-being from infancy to maturity, this review emphasize the necessity for continued research and potential utilization in clinical settings and nutritional science.
Molecular Detection of Vancomycin Resistance Genes in Staph aureus Isolates from Different Clinical Specimens
Authors: Hamza Hiba Jasim , Jebur Mays Hadi , A. Ali Jwan , Ali Jeddoa Zuhair Mohammed
Published: April 2024

The study screened the occurrence of VanA, VanB, Vanc genes in Staph aureus vancomycin-resistant isolates recovered in Hilla -hospitals. From various clinical samples, 160 isolates from patients between July and November of 2022 were included in the search. Among these samples are (65) burn samples, (55) urine samples, and (40) samples from Blood. 40 (or 25%) of the 160 isolates were Staph aureus. Characterization of the VanA, VanB, and VanC genes in Staph aureus isolates obtained from various specimens is the main goal of the work. The RESULTS of samples were obtained from a variety of clinical specimens, including 20 (40.625%) burn swabs, 10 (25%) urine samples, and 10 (34.375%) blood. Staph aureus was resistant to Cefepime (91.7%), Piperacillin (73.3%), and Ceftazidime (71.7%), although little relationship was detected with Aztreonam resistance (35%). 40 isolates were used for antibiotic sensitivity test (AST). Only 18.3% and 15% of isolates, respectively, were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Fluoroquinolone resistance to lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin was 51.7%, 48.3%, 35%), and 30%, respectively. While the most prevalent vancomycin resistance genes were found in 40 isolates of S. aureus and were discovered by VanC 40 (100%), VanA 20 (100%), and VanB28 (70%), according to the current investigation. In Conclusion :The PCR-reaction method was discovered to be an easy-to-use tool for detecting staph aureus by pcr that can be regularly used for identifying staph aureus and detection the molecular resistance apparatuses to vancomycin in staph aureus by VanA, VanB, VanC), efflux systems plays To choose the best antibiotics, prevent the establishment of resistant strains, and create novel antimicrobial. medications, it is beneficial to research the particular resistance mechanisms vancomycin to staph aureus.
Effect of Cooking and In Vivo Glycemic Response of Sri Lankan Traditional Rice: A Source of Sustainable and Underutilized Functional Food
Authors: Arachchilage Dona Lakmini Bhagya Kalugampitiya , Ekanayake Sagarika
Published: April 2024

The availability of scientific information on the nutrient composition of cooked rice and glycemic responses of Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties with a high export potential is scarce. This study determined the nutrient composition (moisture, ash, crude fat, and protein, digestible (DC) and total carbohydrate (TC), resistant starch (RS), insoluble (IDF), soluble (SDF), and total dietary fiber (TDF)), amylose, amylopectin, and glycemic indices (GI) of sixteen cooked unpolished traditional rice varieties with standard methods. Cooked rice and rice flour contained 55.9-70.6% (fresh weight) and 6.2-9.5% (dry basis) moisture respectively. Ash, crude fat and protein contents were 1.1-1.6%, 4.1-6.0% and 4.8-9.5% respectively. Digestible carbohydrates comprised 73.8-83.8% with over 80% TC. Cooking increased the RS (1.3-5.5%) while IDF, SDF and TDF of cooked rice were 3.8-6.4%, 0.4-4.8%, and 5.4-9.8% respectively. All varieties contained high amylose (24.2-35.7%) except for one variety and elicited either low or medium GI (49-67). GI and amylose of cooked rice showed a significant (P=0.04) negative correlation. Significant (P≤0.05) positive correlation between moisture and rice portions containing 50g of carbohydrate allows the selection of rice that provides low glycemic loads. Unpolished traditional rice, rich in nutrients eliciting low or medium GI are highly suitable in diet plans for controlling the glycemic response and in achieving sustainable health benefits.
Studies on Physicochemical Properties of Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata) Starch: An Underutilized Legume
Authors: Munjal Sapna Dhawan , Dhankhar Jyotika , Sharma Alka , Guleria Prixit
Published: April 2024

Starch is a reserve carbohydrate present in plants. It is an important component for maintaining various quality attributes like texture, consistency, thickening in the food industry. The aim of the present study was to isolate starch from a legume named jack bean that is not very much famous and considered as underutilized-legume. The isolated starch was studied for various physicochemical properties. One-way analysis of variance was used in this study. The starch was isolated as a white powder from the dry legume by using standard method and the starch yield was observed to be 25.79%. Legume starch was further assessed for the chemical composition. The moisture, ash, fat, protein, fiber and carbohydrate content were 9.56%, 0.35%, 0.21%, 0.69%, 0.33%, and 89.19% respectively. The apparent and total amylose content was 37.62% and 40.83% with least gelation concentration at 6% of starch gel. Starch was further assessed for functional properties. The leached amylose displayed a rise in content from 6.56% to 9.50% with the corresponding increase in temperature from 65°C to 95°C that may affect gelatinization properties of starch. The water absorption capacity was 3.60 g/g while oil absorption capacity was 3.54 g/g. Further, the emulsion stability and emulsion capacity of native starch was 79.00% and 68.33% respectively that showed good stability of emulsion. Similarly, the swelling power and solubility of rice bean starch increased with the increase of temperature from 55-95°C. However, the opposite trend was observed for an increase in starch concentration from 1-4%. The effect of different concentrations at 6, 8 and 10% on freeze-thaw stability and storage studies showed that the expelled water decreased with the rise in starch concentration up to three consecutive storage days while no change was observed later during frozen gel storage. It showed good freeze thaw stability of starch. This underutilized legume attracted more attention from researchers due of its affordability and ease of availability. In dry farming circumstances with limited soil fertility, the legume yield consistently. Thus, this neglected legume that has minimal agronomic development but many qualities is a good substitute for starch. However, thorough study on the unique functional properties and other qualities of starch from rice bean has not been carried out. The results of this underutilized legume starch can provide opportunities to starch researchers and to the food industries that are frequently using conventional sources of starch from cereals, tubers and rhizomes.
Preliminary Screening of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Philippine Fast Food Packaging Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
Authors: Encarnacion Elyson Keith Ponce , Alcantara Anne Cardoza , Armario Harold Esplana , Alejandro Winnie Pagaduan , Zhan Zhaoqi , Sun Zhe , Lin Ng
Published: April 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on paper packaging resist water and oil to effectively contain food and beverages. However, previous studies have established correlations between PFAS and several diseases including COVID-19, cancers, and obesity. The goal of this collaborative research between the Philippines and Singapore is to set a baseline for PFAS levels in local packaging with the intended outcome of further increasing awareness on these contaminants in Southeast Asia, providing a starting point for migration experiments and risk assessments on PFAS in commercially-available food contact materials and articles, and initiating policy developments on these substances in the Philippines. In this study, 15 different types of PFAS were analyzed in selected paper packaging used by major quick service restaurants (QSRs) in Metro Manila. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), PFAS was detected in 100% of the samples with a total PFAS concentration range of 8.20-97.7 ng PFAS/100 cm2. The highest amount of PFAS compound measured across all samples was PF-3,7-DMOA (89.8 ng/100 cm2). PFAS compounds regulated in European packaging such as PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA and PFDA were also detected in all samples but at trace levels. Paper wrappers for rice and small burgers were found to have the highest total PFAS of 97.7 ng PFAS/100 cm2. This value translates to approximately 65.1 ng F/100 cm2 which is way below 10,000 ng F/100 cm2, the currently existing limit for PFAS in packaging set by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Food. While each packaging may be deemed safe compared to regulation, the compounded effects brought by use of multiple packaging, and high frequency and long-term exposures require further investigation.
UMA GERAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS INCLUSIVAS NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRA:
Authors: Pinheiro Diógenes
Published: April 2024

Nos últimos vinte anos, a universidade pública brasileira tornou-se mais negra, popular e feminina do que jamais foi em toda sua história. Este artigo revê essa geração de políticas inclusivas de uma perspectiva autobiográfica, priorizando o ponto de vista de um professor que vivenciou essas mudanças na vida universitária. Em 2004, o marco inicial foi a adoção do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) que mudou a forma de acesso e passou a demandar políticas de permanência voltadas para o novo perfil dos ingressantes, com investimento na ampliação e interiorização de campi, bolsas de estudos, alimentação e transporte. A partir de 2012, as políticas de ação afirmativa, especialmente as cotas raciais, e o crescimento de demandas de justiça de gênero ampliaram o sentido da inclusão para além de suportes materiais, trazendo para o centro do debate as políticas de acolhimento, voltadas para a promoção de um ambiente livre de discriminações, com valorização da diversidade e atenção às questões subjetivas, mas que afetam objetivamente a vida do estudante universitário, como o sofrimento e a depressão. A conclusão se debruça sobre os desafios atuais das políticas inclusivas para pensar os avanços e limites de uma universidade em transformação.
POSSIBILIDADES E IMPASSES NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA CLASSE HOSPITALAR EM MAPUTO
Authors: Valdano Muthambe Adilson , De Oliveira de Souza Elba
Published: April 2024

A investigação científica em educação e saúde no contexto moçambicano registrou alguns avanços nos últimos anos, no entanto, persistem dificuldades em coordenar a formação de profissionais, na disponibilização de financiamento, nas definições estratégicas sobre as prioridades nacionais, na tradução efetiva e implementação dos resultados de pesquisa, na exploração de particularidades da cultura local e na cooperação nacional e internacional. Em resposta a essas fragilidades emergiram instituições importantes como a Escola especial 1 e 2, Infantário 1º de Maio, Infantário da Matola, Obra Don Oriene, CERCI Maputo, o Centro das irmãs hospitaleiras de Maputo (CRPS), dentre outras. Este conjunto de instituições se propõe a atuar de forma sistêmica promovendo educação, saúde e assistência social. Baseado nesses recursos, este artigo caracteriza de forma peculiar às práticas desenvolvidas por essas instituições no atendimento de crianças com deficiência, identificando às possibilidades e impasses na Implementação da Classe Hospitalar em Maputo. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa do tipo revisão de literatura sistemática de pesquisadores que participam nas reuniões do GIEI desde 2019, através de buscas de produções sobre a classe hospitalar a nível internacional, a leitura da coletânea de legislação de saúde de Moçambique e algumas políticas educativas o que possibilitou a descrição geral sobre as possibilidades e impasses da implementação da Classe Hospitalar em Maputo.
STUDI PENGARUH INTENSITAS ULTRAVIOLET PADA FOTOKATALIS TiO2 SEBAGAI REDUKSI NO2 DAN MIKROORGANISME DALAM SISTEM VENTILASI RUANG
Authors: Suwasono Tabah , Assomadi Abdu Fadli
Published: April 2024

Konsentrasi NO2 di dalam kendaraan atau di dekat jalan raya jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang diukur pada monitor di jaringan saat ini. Beberapa pengukuran di daerah jalan raya dan terminal dilaporkan melewati baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan meskipun beberapa daerah konsentrasi NO2 di bawah baku mutu tetapi dari survei dan analisis data menunjukkan nilai risk quotient lebih dari 1 yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak aman berada di daerah tersebut 30 tahun ke depan.  Salah satu metode untuk mengurangi konsentrasi NO2 adalah titanium dioksida (TiO2) yang disinari UV, adanya UV tersebut dapat dikaji terkait reduksi mikroorganisme. Penelitian dilakukan dengan studi intensitas ultraviolet pada fotokatalis TiO2 dalam mereduksi NO2 dan intensitas UV terhadap mikroorganisme. Data yang diambil adalah data sekunder. Setelahnya dilanjutkan dengan mencari kriteria desain, dilanjutkan pemilihan material. Perhitungan dimensi dilakukan berdasarkan material dan kriteria yang ditentukan, kemudian diestimasi efisiensi reduksi pada NO2 dan mikroorganisme dapat dilakukan dan disesuaikan dengan baku mutu PerMenKes No. 1077 Tahun 2011. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa desain ventilasi ruang dengan menggunakan intensitas sebesar 75,8 mW/cm2  pada fotokatalis TiO2 mampu mereduksi NO2 setidaknya 52,53% dengan konsentrasi inlet 0,067 ppm. Penggunaan intensitas 75,8 mW/cm2  dalam desain ventilasi ruang mampu mereduksi mikroorganisme dengan nilai  dosis UV D90 di bawah 238,77 J/m2. Desain ventilasi ruang secara estimasi mencukupi suplai udara ruang kamar rumah pada kondisi tidak merokok dengan hasil reduksi NO2 sesuai baku dan mendekati untuk mikroorganisme.
ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI BAKTERI PENAMBAT NITROGEN INDIGENOUS POTENSIAL SEBAGAI PUPUK HAYATI DALAM REMEDIASI LAHAN BEKAS TAMBANG BATU KAPUR
Authors: Mashudi Mashudi , Mubarik Nisa Rachmania
Published: April 2024

Lahan bekas pertambangan umumnya memiliki struktur fisik dan kimia yang kurang optimum untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Bakteri tanah indigenous dapat digunakan untuk membantu proses remediasi lahan bekas pertambangan dengan cara dimanfaaatkan sebagai pupuk hayati. Bakteri penambat nitrogen merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat membantu mempercepat remediasi tanah karena memiliki kemampuan memperkaya kandungan nitrogen dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan melakukan karakterisasi bakteri penambat nitrogen dari tanah bekas tambang batu kapur di wilayah Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan terhadap 13 sampel yang berasal dari area sekitar lahan bekas tambang batu kapur. Hasil isolasi diperoleh 6 isolat bakteri penambat nitrogen hidup bebas dan 2 isolat bakteri penambat nitrogen simbiosis. Seluruh isolat memiliki kemampuan menghasilkan Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) jika ditambahkan 1 mM L-triptofan. Dua isolat dipilih (7B21Y dan 5A22) berdasarkan ciri morfologi sel dan koloni untuk dilakukan pengujian fisiologis. Aktivitas nitrogenase isolat 7B21Y dan 5A22 diukur dengan menggunakan Pengujian Reduksi Asetilen dan diperoleh masing-masing 7.09 ppm dan 5.59 ppm. Isolat 7B21Y kemudian diidentifikasi secara fisiologi menggunakan kit API dan diketahui memiliki kemiripan 99.9% dengan Rhizobium radiobacter.
The real cost
Authors: Varney Nicky
Published: April 2024

Nicky Varney emphasises the real costs of equipment breakdown.
Building better habits
Authors: Hudson Susan
Published: April 2024

Susan Hudson highlights the benefits of building healthier oral health behaviours.
Rising stars
Authors: Birkett Leanne
Published: April 2024

Leanne Birkett reports on Agilio's latest dental nursing event, supported by the Society of British Dental Nurses.
Grassroots in Surgery: an RCS England initiative
Authors: Beswick R , Wijesinghe L
Published: April 2024

How the College supports young organisations and encourages diversity in the surgical community.
Surgery beyond borders: global initiatives
Authors: Rosen T
Published: April 2024

A look at the work the College does across the globe to support surgical training, improve education and help build resources.
The global surgeon: Canada vs the UK
Authors: Jemec B
Published: April 2024

What are the differences in career structure, employment and funding when pursuing a surgical role in Canada?
UK colorectal surgeons training medics in Ukraine
Authors: Maxwell-Armstrong C
Published: April 2024

The challenges and benefits of delivering colorectal training to consultant surgeons in Ukraine.
Experimental optical encryption with full complex modulation
Authors: González-Moncada Juan Andrés , Velez-Zea Alejandro , Barrera-Ramírez John Fredy
Published: April 2024

We present, to our knowledge, a novel method to achieve experimental encryption using double random phase encoding with full complex modulation and a single phase-only spatial light modulator. Our approach uses double phase encoding to generate phase-only holograms containing complex-valued input planes for a joint transform correlator (JTC) cryptosystem. This approach enables users to independently manipulate both the phase and amplitude of the cryptographic keys and objects, thereby significantly enhancing the versatility of the optical cryptosystem. We validate the capabilities of our proposed scheme by generating optimized random phase masks and using them to experimentally encrypt various grayscale and binary objects. The experimental complex modulation obtained with the system detailed in this work, in conjunction with optimized random phase masks, results in an enhancement in the quality of the decrypted objects during reconstruction. Both numerical simulations and experimental findings corroborate the effectiveness of our proposal.
Digitizing translucent object appearance by validating computed optical properties
Authors: Tran Duc Minh , Jensen Mark Bo , Santafé-Gabarda Pablo , Källberg Stefan , Ferrero Alejandro , Hannemose Morten Rieger , Frisvad Jeppe Revall
Published: April 2024

The optical properties available for an object are most often fragmented and insufficient for photorealistic rendering of the object. We propose a procedure for digitizing a translucent object with sufficient information for predictive rendering of its appearance. Based on object material descriptions, we compute optical properties and validate or adjust this object appearance model based on comparison of simulation with spectrophotometric measurements of the bidirectional scattering-surface reflectance distribution function (BSSRDF). To ease this type of comparison, we provide an efficient simulation tool that computes the BSSRDF for a particular light-view configuration. Even with just a few configurations, the localized lighting in BSSRDF measurements is useful for assessing the appropriateness of computed or otherwise acquired optical properties. To validate an object appearance model in a more common lighting environment, we render the appearance of the obtained digital twin and assess the photorealism of our renderings through pixel-by-pixel comparison with photographs of the physical object.
Multichannel focused higher-order Poincaré sphere beam generation based on a dielectric geometric metasurface
Authors: Gu Manna , Ma Li , Cui Guosen , Zhang Ziheng , Zhan Zijun , Zhou Yuxiang , Gao Song , Choi Duk-Yong , Cheng Chuanfu , Liu Chunxiang
Published: April 2024

Focused vector beams (VBs) are important topic in the areas of light field manipulation. Geometric metasurfaces provide a convenient platform to facilitate the generation of focused VBs. In this study, we propose a dielectric geometric metasurface to generate multichannel focused higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOP) beams. With identical meta-atoms of half-wave plate, the metasurface comprises two sub-metasurfaces, and each of them includes two sets of rings related to Fresnel zones. For meta-atoms on each set of rings, the hyperbolic geometric phase profile is configured so that the mirror-symmetrical position-flip of the off-axis focal point is enabled under the chirality switch of the illuminating circular polarization. With the design of helical geometric phase profiles for the two sets of rings, a sub-metasurface generate two HOP beams at the symmetrical two focal points. The performance of the two sub-metasurfaces enables the metasurface with four sets of rings to generate the array of four HOP beams. The proposed method was validated by theoretical analyses, numerical simulation and experimental conduction. This research would be significant in miniaturizing and integrating optical systems involving applications of VB generations and applications.
Multi-bounce self-mixing in terahertz metasurface external-cavity lasers
Authors: Kim Anthony D. , McGovern Daniel J. , Williams Benjamin S.
Published: April 2024

The effects of optical feedback on a terahertz (THz) quantum-cascade metasurface vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (QC-VECSEL) are investigated via self-mixing. A single-mode 2.80 THz QC-VECSEL operating in continuous-wave is subjected to various optical feedback conditions (i.e., feedback strength, round-trip time, and angular misalignment) while variations in its terminal voltage associated with self-mixing are monitored. Due to its large radiating aperture and near-Gaussian beam shape, we find that the QC-VECSEL is strongly susceptible to optical feedback, which is robust against misalignment of external optics. This, in addition to the use of a high-reflectance flat output coupler, results in high feedback levels associated with multiple round-trips within the external cavity-a phenomenon not typically observed for ridge-waveguide QC-lasers. Thus, a new theoretical model is established to describe self-mixing in the QC-VECSEL. The stability of the device under variable optical feedback conditions is also studied. Any mechanical instabilities of the external cavity (such as vibrations of the output coupler), are enhanced due to feedback and result in low-frequency oscillations of the terminal voltage. The work reveals how the self-mixing response differs for the QC-VECSEL architecture, informs other systems in which optical feedback is unavoidable, and paves the way for QC-VECSEL self-mixing applications.
Robust, wide-range, and precise transmitter IQ impairment monitoring scheme for coherent digital subcarrier multiplexing systems
Authors: Fan Linsheng , Jia Yuchen , Liu Muqi , Lin Jiexing , Zhang Qun , Gong Siyu , Jin Yongchao , Yang Pengxi , Cheng Chen , Yang Yanfu
Published: April 2024

In this Letter, we present a robust, wide-range, and precise monitoring scheme for transmitter (Tx) impairments in coherent digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM) systems. The proposed scheme employs frequency-domain pilot tones (FPTs) to compensate for frequency offset (FO), polarization aliasing, and carrier phase noise, thus isolating Tx impairments from channel distortions. It then implements 4 × 4 real-valued MIMO to compensate for Tx impairments by equalizing symmetric subcarriers. Tx impairment monitoring is derived from the equalizer coefficients. By considering the phase shift caused by Tx impairments, a wide-range and precise monitoring of Tx impairments including IQ skew, IQ phase, and gain imbalances is achieved. We experimentally validated our approach using a 48-GBaud, four-subcarrier, dual-polarization coherent DSCM system. The results confirm the method’s capability for a wide-range, robust, and precise Tx impairment monitoring in coherent DSCM systems, maintaining performance even in the presence of ultra-fast polarization variation.
Adjustable Lattice Design for 3D Photonic Crystals by 4+1 Beam Interference
Authors: Wang Yukai , Dong Litong , Liu Mengnan , Li Dayou
Published: April 2024

This work presents a novel method of fabricating unidirectional adjustable periodic lattice structures via multi-beam interference. The umbrella-like 4+1 beams interference fields are categorized by four different polarization combinations, expressed as a function of incident angles. The results show that one of these four interference fields displays relatively stable three-dimensional (3D) interference patterns, which can create simple tetragonal, simple cubic, and simple hexagonal lattices. Especially, when the umbrella-like distribution is disrupted, adjusting the incident angles of two beams can induce unidirectional compression or elongation of simple tetragonal and simple hexagonal lattices. In addition, the initial phases will not affect interference pattern structures.
Brain high-throughput multi-omics data reveal molecular heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Eteleeb Abdallah M. , Novotny Brenna C. , Tarraga Carolina Soriano , Sohn Christopher , Dhungel Eliza , Brase Logan , Nallapu Aasritha , Buss Jared , Farias Fabiana , Bergmann Kristy , Bradley Joseph , Norton Joanne , Gentsch Jen , Wang Fengxian , Davis Albert A. , Morris John C. , Karch Celeste M. , Perrin Richard J. , Benitez Bruno A. , Harari Oscar
Published: April 2024

Unbiased data-driven omic approaches are revealing the molecular heterogeneity of Alzheimer disease. Here, we used machine learning approaches to integrate high-throughput transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles with clinical and neuropathological data from multiple human AD cohorts. We discovered 4 unique multimodal molecular profiles, one of them showing signs of poor cognitive function, a faster pace of disease progression, shorter survival with the disease, severe neurodegeneration and astrogliosis, and reduced levels of metabolomic profiles. We found this molecular profile to be present in multiple affected cortical regions associated with higher Braak tau scores and significant dysregulation of synapse-related genes, endocytosis, phagosome, and mTOR signaling pathways altered in AD early and late stages. AD cross-omics data integration with transcriptomic data from an SNCA mouse model revealed an overlapping signature. Furthermore, we leveraged single-nuclei RNA-seq data to identify distinct cell-types that most likely mediate molecular profiles. Lastly, we identified that the multimodal clusters uncovered cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers poised to monitor AD progression and possibly cognition. Our cross-omics analyses provide novel critical molecular insights into AD.
Usefulness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as second-line therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yamaba Shinpei , Imai Yukinori , Sugawara Kayoko , Uchida Yoshihito , Fuchigami Akira , Uchiya Hiroshi , Nakayama Nobuaki , Mochida Satoshi
Published: April 2024

Aim

To clarify the efficacy of atezolizumab (ATZ) plus bevacizumab (BEV) as the second-line therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The subjects were 82 patients with HCC receiving ATZ/BEV, including 33 patients with previous therapies with molecular-targeted agents (MTA). Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using contrast-enhanced CT according to the mRECIST.

Results

The Child-Pugh scores were 5, 6,7 and 8 in 40, 35, 5 and 2 patients, respectively, and the extents of HCC progression were BCLC stage A, B and C in 3, 31 and 48 patients, respectively. Early therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 67 patients, and percentages of patients achieving CR/PR/SD/PD until 12 weeks were 3.0%/29.9%/49.3%/17.9%, respectively, indicating ORR of 32.8% and DCR of 82.1%, The ORR was higher in MTA-naïve patients (40.5%) than in those after discontinuation of lenvatinib due to PD (7.7%, P = 0.0410), while the DCR was equivalent between both patients (83.3% vs 80.0%, P = 0.1184), and the multivariate analysis revealed previous MTA therapies with lenvatinib alone as a factor to deteriorate the ORR (HR of 4.846 (P = 0.0619)). The OS rates at 24 and 48 weeks were 86% and 72%, respectively, and the rates did not differ between MTA-naïve and MTA-experienced patients. Multivariate analyses revealed that achievement of CR, PR or SD and peripheral neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were associated with a favorable outcome (HR of 0.124, P<0.0001 and 0.351, P = 0.0303).

Conclusions

ATZ/BEV merits consideration even for MTA-experienced patients, since the OS was equivalent to those in MTA-naïve patients despite of an unfavorable early therapeutic efficacy.
The implicit power of positive thinking: The effect of positive episodic simulation on implicit future expectancies
Authors: Anderson Rachel J. , Clayton McClure J. Helgi , Bishop Emma , Howe David , Riggs Kevin J. , Dewhurst Stephen A.
Published: April 2024

Previous research demonstrating that positive episodic simulation enhances future expectancies has relied on explicit expectancy measures. The current study investigated the effects of episodic simulation on implicit expectancies. Using the Future Thinking Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (FT-IRAP), participants made true/false decisions to indicate whether or not they expected positive/negative outcomes after adopting orientations consistent or inconsistent with an optimistic disposition. The outcome measure, DIRAP, was based on response time differences between consistent and inconsistent blocks. Participants then engaged in either positive simulation training, in which they imagined positive future events, or a neutral visualisation task before repeating the FT-IRAP twice following 10-minute intervals. Positive simulation training increased DIRAP scores for don’t-expect-negative trials–boosting participants’ readiness to affirm that negative events were unlikely to happen to them. Although findings did not generalise across all trial types, they show potential for positive simulation training to enhance implicit future expectancies.
Electric pulse exposure reduces AAV8 dosage required to transduce HepG2 cells
Authors: Yao Yizhou , Holdcraft Robert W. , Hagness Susan C. , Booske John H.
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate that applying electric field pulses to hepatocytes, in vitro, in the presence of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV8) vectors reduces the viral dosage required for a given transduction level by more than 50-fold, compared to hepatocytes exposed to AAV8-EGFP vectors without electric field pulse exposure. We conducted 48 experimental observations across 8 exposure conditions in standard well plates. The electric pulse exposures involved single 80-ms pulses with 375 V/cm field intensity. Our study suggests that electric pulse exposure results in enhanced EGFP expression in cells, indicative of increased transduction efficiency. The enhanced transduction observed in our study, if translated successfully to an in vivo setting, would be a promising indication of potential reduction in the required dose of AAV vectors. Understanding the effects of electric field pulses on AAV transduction in vitro is an important preliminary step.