bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “best practices for farming” successfully contributed to decrease the antibiotic resistance gene abundances within dairy farms
Authors: Salerno Barbara , Cornaggia Matteo , Sabatino Raffaella , Di Cesare Andrea , Mantovani Claudio , Barco Lisa , Cordioli Benedetta , Bano Luca , Losasso Carmen
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Farms are significant hotspots for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes (ARGs) into the environment and directly to humans. The prevalence of ARGs on farms underscores the need for effective strategies to reduce their spread. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a guideline on “best practices for farming” aimed at reducing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

Methods

A guideline focused on prudent antibiotic use, selective therapy, and hygienic and immune-prophylactic practices was developed and provided to the owners of 10 selected dairy farms and their veterinarians. Fecal samples were collected from lactating cows, dry cows, and calves both before and after the implementation of the guideline. ARGs (blaTEM, ermB, sul2, and tetA) were initially screened by end-point PCR, followed by quantification using digital droplet PCR. ARG abundance was expressed in relative terms by dividing the copy number of ARGs by the copy number of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results

The ARG abundances were higher in lactating cows compared to other categories. Despite similar levels of antibiotic administration (based on veterinary prescription data from the sampled farms) in both sampling campaigns, the total abundance of selected ARGs, particularly blaTEM and tetA, significantly decreased after the adoption of the farming guidelines.

Discussion

This study highlights the positive impact of prudent antibiotic use and the implementation of farming best practices in reducing the abundance of ARGs. The lactating cow category emerged as a crucial point of intervention for reducing the spread of antibiotic resistance. These findings contribute to ongoing efforts to address antibiotic resistance in farm environments and strengthen the evidence supporting the adoption of good farming practices.
Diffusion tensor imaging for detecting biomarkers of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs
Authors: Kadler Grace T. , zur Linden Alex , Gaitero Luis , James Fiona M. K.
Published: January 2025

Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common neurological disease in dogs. Approximately 1/3 of dogs with IE are resistant to anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Because the diagnosis of IE is largely based on the exclusion of other diseases, it would be beneficial to indicate an IE biomarker to better understand, diagnose, and treat this disease. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence, is used in human medicine to detect microstructural biomarkers of epilepsy. Based on the translational model between people and dogs, the use of DTI should be investigated in a veterinary context to determine if it is a viable resource for detecting microstructural white matter abnormalities in the brains of dogs with IE. As well, to determine if there are differences in white matter microstructure between dogs who are responsive to ASMs and dogs who are resistant to ASMs. Using DTI to better understand neurostructural abnormalities associated with IE and ASM resistance might help refine diagnostic approaches and treatment processes in veterinary medicine.
A developed TaqMan probe-based qPCR was used to quantify the distribution of AMDV in various tissues of infected mink and its prevalence in northern China
Authors: Yang Zaixing , Li Yifan , Jiang Yuxuan , Wu Jingqi , Guan Zhenhong , Ge Junwei , Zhao Lili
Published: January 2025

Aleutian mink disease (mink plasmacytosis) is a severe immune complex-mediated condition caused by the Aleutian Mink Disease Virus (AMDV), the most significant pathogen affecting mink health in the industry. Several studies have shown that AMDV epidemics can result in millions to tens of millions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. In this study, we developed a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR technology (TaqMan-qPCR) for the specific, sensitive, and reproducible detection and quantification of AMDV in mink tissues by the VP2 gene, achieving detection limits as low as 1.69 × 101 copies/uL of plasmid DNA and 8.50 × 10−3 ng/uL of viral DNA, and the established TaqMan-qPCR assay is 100 times more sensitive than PCR. Clinical samples of mink from different provinces showed a high prevalence of AMDV infection, 89.55% in Heilongjiang, 90.74% in Shandong, 80.23% in Hebei, 83.70% in Jilin, and 82.35% in Liaoning Province. Tissue distribution analysis showed that viral loads were generally high in all organs, especially in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, and the virus was also detected in non-lymphoid tissues such as the brain, confirming the widespread distribution of AMDV throughout the body of mink. The established TaqMan-qPCR assay will become an important diagnostic tool for the prevention and control of AMDV, which is essential for disease management in mink populations.
Mechanical evaluation of mandibular fractures stabilized with absorbable implants or intraoral splints in cats
Authors: Castejon-Gonzalez Ana C. , Friday Chet S. , Hast Michael W. , Reiter Alexander M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The goal of this cadaver study in cats was to compare the mechanical properties of intact mandibles (C) with mandibles whose simulated fracture was located between the third and fourth premolar teeth and repaired with four possible treatments: (1) Stout multiple loop interdental wiring plus bis-acryl composite intraoral splint (S); (2) modified Risdon interdental wiring plus bis-acryl composite intraoral splint (R); (3) ultrasound-aided absorbable fixation plate (P); and (4) ultrasound-aided absorbable fixation mesh (M).

Materials and methods

Thirty feline mandibles were randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. Mandibles were loaded by cantilever bending on the canine tooth, first in non-destructive cyclic loading followed by destructive ramp-to-failure loading.

Results

Cyclic loading showed no differences between the treatment groups in angular deflection (a measure of sample flexion under non-destructive loads); however, the R group had significantly higher angular deflection than the C group. In destructive testing, no differences in mechanical properties were found between the treatment groups; however, all treatment groups demonstrated significantly lower maximum bending moment, bending stiffness, energy to failure, and maximum force when compared to the control group. The main mode of failure of the intraoral splint groups (S and R) was fracture of the bis-acryl composite (50%), and the main mode of failure of the absorbable fixation groups (P and M) was fracture of the pins (91.7%).

Discussion

Intraoral splint and absorbable fixation methods have low strength and stiffness. The four treatments tested provided similar stabilization of mandibular fractures located between the third and fourth premolar teeth.
Spatial Intelligence in E-Commerce: Integrating Mobile Agents with GISs for a Dynamic Recommendation System
Authors: Shili Mohamed , Hammedi Salah , Elkhodr Mahmoud
Published: January 2025

The evolving capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are transforming various industries, including e-commerce, by providing enhanced spatial analysis and precision in customer targeting, and improving the ability of recommender systems. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates mobile agents with GISs to deliver real-time, personalized recommendations in e-commerce. By utilizing the OpenStreetMap API for geographic mapping and the Java Agent Development Environment (JADE) platform for mobile agents, the system leverages both geospatial data and customer preferences to offer highly relevant product suggestions based on location and behaviour. Mobile agents enable real-time data collection, processing, and interaction with customers, facilitating dynamic adaptations to their needs. The combination of GISs and mobile agents enhances the system’s ability to analyze spatial data, providing tailored recommendations that align with user preferences and geographic context. This integrated approach not only improves the online shopping experience but also introduces new opportunities for location-specific marketing strategies, boosting the effectiveness of targeted advertising. The validation of this system highlights its potential to significantly enhance customer engagement and satisfaction through context-aware recommendations. The integration of GISs and mobile agents lays a strong foundation for future advancements in personalized e-commerce solutions, offering a scalable model for businesses looking to optimize marketing efforts and customer experiences.
Impact of Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) in Nigeria, a Review of the Future of Farming in Africa
Authors: Nwanojuo Mabel Adaeze , Anumudu Christian Kosisochukwu , Onyeaka Helen
Published: January 2025

The study investigates controlled environment agriculture (CEA) in Nigeria focusing on its feasibility, economic benefits, environmental impact, and socio-economic implications. While CEA technologies such as hydroponics, vertical farming, automation, and greenhouse systems offer efficiency and yield improvements, this review highlights the extent to which they can be utilized in solving the food challenges facing the country including food shortages, wasteful use of land, and climatic disturbances in agriculture. However, their adoption faces challenges like high initial costs, technical knowledge gaps, and unstable energy infrastructure. Additionally, there is a lack of localized research on resource utilization, crop profitability, and the scalability of these systems in Nigeria’s urban and rural contexts, which further hinders adoption. Government policy reforms, renewable energy access, and capacity-building programs are crucial to overcoming these barriers. Localized pilot projects and field studies are also necessary to validate the feasibility of CEA systems under Nigeria’s unique socio-economic and climatic conditions. Cross-country comparisons with South Africa and Kenya reveal actionable insights for Nigeria’s CEA implementation such as South Africa’s public-private partnerships and Kenya’s solar-powered vertical farms which can serve as actionable blueprints for Nigeria’s CEA adoption and expansion. Nigeria with its teeming population is food import-dependent, with agricultural imports reaching 3.35 trillion Naira between 2019 and 2023. This is unsustainable and requires alternative measures including targeted CEA interventions to increase its agricultural productivity. Overall, for CEA to contribute meaningfully to the Nigerian agricultural sector, specific changes including targeted subsidies, policy reforms, renewable energy access, stakeholder engagement, capacity-building programs, and infrastructure development must be instituted to achieve sustainable agricultural growth. Furthermore, strategies such as hybridizing traditional and CEA practices and creating “pay-as-you-grow” financial models for CEA infrastructure can make the transition more viable for smallholder farmers, who dominate Nigeria’s agricultural sector.
Solving Phosphorus Fertilization-Related Drip Irrigation Emitter Clogging by Adding Mn2+
Authors: Xu Tianyu , Bao Sanlin , Yu Qiuyue , Gao Yu
Published: January 2025

Drip irrigation with a fertilizer application could effectively alleviate the soil pollution caused by excessive phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer was dissolved in water and produced a chemical reaction with the ions in irrigation water. The new precipitates were generated, which caused more severe and complex blockage of drip irrigation emitters. Songhua River water was selected as the irrigation water. The experiment investigated the effects of three types of phosphorus fertilizers (urea phosphate, UP; potassium dihydrogen phosphate, PDP; ammonium polyphosphate, APP) and the concentrations (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/L) on the blockage of drip irrigation emitter. The results showed that three types of phosphorus fertilizers intensified the degree of blockage compared with no fertilization, the order from small to large being UP < PDP < APP. The degree of blockage was directly proportional to the concentration of phosphate fertilizer. The system discharge variation ratio (Dra) under UP, PDP, and APP treatments decreased by an average of 6.2~27.7%, 13.8~33.8%, and 21.5~44.6%, respectively. The Christiansen coefficient of uniformity (CU) decreased by an average of 5.9~23.5%, 10.3~27.9%, and 19.1~38.2%. The UP was superior to PDP and APP from the perspective of drip irrigation evaluation indicators. The main reason was that UP reduced the pH value of the water source and inhibited the generation of carbonates. The APP was unable to lower the pH value and had the most serious blockage. The APP was coupled with three concentrations of Mn2+ (1, 2, and 3 mg/L) for drip irrigation, which could optimize the blockage problem and explore the efficacy of Mn2+. The 2 mg/L Mn2+ could maximize the drip irrigation efficiency of the APP. The average increase in Dra and CU was 24.57% and 18.54% macroscopically. Mn2+ could alter the lattice parameters of carbonates and had a certain impact on their size and morphological distribution on a microscopic level. The results showed that fertilization with UP at a concentration of 0.2 g/L did not significantly exacerbate clogging. The drip irrigation effect of Songhua River water combined with 0.2 g/L concentration UP was the best. Moreover, 2 mg/L of Mn2+ was proposed to alleviate the clogging characteristics of APP4. This study could provide reference for improving the efficiency of the Songhua River drip irrigation system.
Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Therapy Dogs to Animal-Assisted Treatment in an Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Shih Hao-Yu , Martin François , Ness Debra , Romine Whitney , Peck Taylor L. , Turpin Tricia , Horoschak Rachael , Steeby Cindy , Phillips Hannah , Claypool Mary , Theuer Amanda , Herbeck Grace M. , Sexton Jasmine , Pittman Erin , Bellamkonda Erica , Mohabbat Nikita Maria Ligutam , Lyn Sandra A. , Bauer Brent A. , Mohabbat Arya B.
Published: January 2025

Therapy dogs have been increasingly incorporated into a variety of medical treatment programs to improve patients’ treatment outcomes and wellbeing. However, research investigating the stress level of therapy dogs in this setting is limited. This is the first randomized–controlled and prospective study that investigated the wellbeing of therapy dogs in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation program. In this study, 14 therapy dog–handler pairs were embedded in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation program to provide animal-assisted treatment (AAT). These therapy dog–handler pairs actively participated in stroke rehabilitation by walking with the patient, playing fetch with the patient, and being petted/brushed by the patient, amongst various other AAT activities. To measure canine stress responses during the rehabilitation sessions, salivary cortisol and oxytocin concentrations, heart rate and heart rate variability, tympanic membrane temperature, and a behavioral evaluation were recorded before and after interactions with the patient. The results demonstrated that therapy dogs had significantly decreased heart rate and increased heart rate variability after the AAT session. Right tympanic temperature significantly increased after the session, but there was no significant difference in terms of salivary cortisol or oxytocin levels, nor in stress-related behavioral evaluations after the AAT session. Taken together, the results suggest that incorporating AAT into an inpatient stroke rehabilitation program did not induce stress in the therapy dogs, and that the therapy dogs may have been more relaxed after the session.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Phage Depolymerase Dep_kpv74 with Therapeutic Potential Against K2-Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Volozhantsev Nikolay V. , Makarova Maria A. , Kartseva Alena S. , Silkina Marina V. , Krasilnikova Valentina M. , Denisenko Egor A. , Borzilov Alexander I. , Firstova Victoria V.
Published: January 2025

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) has made it difficult to treat and control infections caused by this bacterium. Previously, the therapeutic effectiveness of phage-encoded depolymerase Dep_kpv74 in a mouse model of K. pneumoniae-induced thigh soft tissue infection was reported. In this study, the effect of Dep_kpv74 on blood parameters in mice, the proliferation and subpopulation composition of spleen lymphocytes, and the activity and stability of the enzyme at different pH and temperatures were further explored. Results: The stability tests showed that Dep_kpv74 remained active in the temperature range from 8 °C to 55 °C. The optimal pH value for maintaining the activity of Dep_kpv74 ranged from 5.0 to 9.0. The depolymerase was detected in the blood, spleen, and lungs of mice 10 min after intraperitoneal administration, reaching maximum activity values after 1–3 h and maintaining activity a day after administration. The introduction of Dep_kpv74 at the therapeutic dose (10 μg/mouse) or at a 10-fold higher dose did not lead to reliable changes in bloodstream cell content compared with the reference values of intact mice. The biochemical results of the studies indicated that Dep_kpv74 did not exert any toxic effects on liver and kidney functions. The results of the analysis of lymphocyte proliferative activity demonstrated that Dep_kpv74 depolymerase has a mild immunomodulatory effect. Conclusions: Thus, the results of this study provide one more confirmation that depolymerase Dep_kpv74 is a potential candidate for the treatment of infections caused by hvKp expressing K2 capsular polysaccharides.
Sun-Drying and Melatonin Treatment Effects on Apricot Color, Phytochemical, and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Zengin Rukiye , Uğur Yılmaz , Levent Yasemin , Erdoğan Selim , Hatterman-Valenti Harlene , Kaya Ozkan
Published: January 2025

Post-harvest deterioration of fruit quality represents a significant challenge in the dried fruit industry, particularly affecting the preservation of nutritional compounds and sensory attributes during the drying process. This research examined the potential protective effects of exogenous melatonin supplementation on the preservation of selected quality metrics and antioxidant characteristics in sun-dried apricots, utilizing a comparative analysis across disparate melatonin concentrations (10, 100, and 1000 µM). Our research findings demonstrated that melatonin treatment, particularly at 100 µM concentration, significantly enhanced quality preservation in sun-dried apricots. Specifically, the treatment resulted in improved color retention (increased L*, a*, and b* values), reduced oxidative stress markers (MDA and H2O2), and optimized sugar composition (glucose: 18.99 g/100 g, fructose: 12.58 g/100 g, sucrose: 15.52 g/100 g). The melatonin treatment at 100 µM concentration proved particularly effective, revealing the most significant results. Specifically, this concentration resulted in the highest β-carotene levels, reaching 223.07 mg/kg. These findings suggest promising applications for commercial-scale implementation through either dipping or spraying methods. The non-toxic nature of melatonin and its demonstrated efficacy in preserving fruit quality parameters position it as a valuable post-harvest treatment option in the fruit supply chain. This research contributes significantly to advancing sustainable post-harvest preservation strategies, though further investigation into melatonin stability and standardization of application protocols remains necessary for optimal commercial implementation.
Inertial Forces and Friction in Propulsion of a Rigid Body
Authors: Starosta Roman , Fritzkowski Paweł
Published: January 2025

Inertially driven or vibration-driven capsule robots have recently attracted attention from various areas of science and engineering. The main advantage of such a mobile system is the lack of any external driving mechanism, which allows for an encapsulated construction and efficient operation in demanding environments. This study focuses on the conception of a mechanical system whose motion on a rough horizontal plane is caused only by the rotation of two internal masses. The mathematical model of the robot is presented in the non-dimensional form. The conditions for motion are formulated, and the working region of the system is specified. The active phase of the robot dynamics may include both forward motion and minor backward motion, or forward motion exclusively. Extensive numerical studies are conducted using two friction models. The numerical solutions to the dynamic problem are analyzed with regard to the total displacement and the average velocity per period of excitation. The interplay between model parameters is studied. The resulting maps on the parameter planes allow for substantial improvement in the robot performance. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the Stribeck effect occurring in the friction characteristics plays a positive role in the efficient motion of the system.
Stimuli-Induced Equilibrium Point-Based Algorithm for Motion Planning of a Heavy-Load Servo System
Authors: Wan Ziping , Zhao Nanbin , Ren Guang’an
Published: January 2025

To tackle the problems of power saturation and high energy consumption of the heavy-load servo system in a servo process, we propose a motion planning algorithm based on the stimuli-induced equilibrium point (SIEP), named the SIEP-MP algorithm. First, we explore the correlation between various modes of the bionic eye system and the heavy-load servo system through head-eye motion control theory and derive the core formula of the SIEP-MP algorithm from psychological field theory. Then, we design a speed loop of the heavy-load servo system by combining a speed controller and a disturbance observer. Furthermore, we create a position loop of the heavy-load servo system by combining a position controller and a feed-forward controller. We verify the low-pass filtering and range-limiting functions of the SIEP-MP algorithm by building the experimental platform, designing the target trajectory, and setting the control parameters. Experimental results demonstrate similar command filtering, elimination of power saturation, and energy-saving functions compared to low-pass filters, and the algorithm has a better mode-switching performance. The proposed SIEP-MP algorithm can ensure the optimal tracking performance of the heavy-load servo system in different modes through mode switching.
Traditional, Functional, and Novel Fruit Beverages: Cultivation, Processing, and Consumption
Authors: Di Stefano Vita , Farina Vittorio , Francesca Nicola
Published: January 2025

The botanical kingdom offers opportunities to find new beverage ingredients using various techniques [...]
Synergetic Effects of Coffea liberica and Curcuma zanthorrhiza: Study of Sensory Profile, Proximate, and Chemical Compound
Authors: Latief Madyawati , Muntasir Retno Widya , Wijaya Dhian Eka , Tarigan Indra Lasmana , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: January 2025

Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) thrives on peat soil, unlike Arabica and Robusta, making it an essential commodity in Jambi, Indonesia, where it is known as Liberika Tungkal Komposit (Libtukom) and serves as a primary livelihood. This low-caffeine coffee has a higher economic value than high-caffeine varieties. Adding spices such as temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) to Liberica coffee can create a unique, functional beverage with new aromas and health benefits, thanks to the curcuminoid antioxidants in Curcuma zanthorrhiza (C. zanthorrhiza). This research aims to develop a spice-infused Liberica coffee with enhanced sensory qualities and health benefits. Methods include spice coffee formulation; sensory evaluation; phytochemical screening; and analysis of phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidants, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid levels. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and Duncan’s post hoc test) reveals that C. zanthorrhiza-enhanced Liberica coffee is preferred by panelists, with spice coffee outperforming plain Liberica in sensory tests. This study showed that Liberica coffee mixed with C. zanthorrhiza affected the sensory performance of Liberica coffee, where the coffee most favored by panelists was spice coffee. Based on the cupping test results, spice coffee had excellent results, while Liberica coffee had very good results. The phytochemical analysis revealed that coffee–C. zanthorrhiza exhibited higher concentrations of total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity than the original Liberica coffee. However, the caffeine and chlorogenic acid levels in all spiced coffee were lower compared to the original Liberica coffee.
Investigating the Reliability of Shore Hardness in the Design of Procedural Task Trainers
Authors: Kriener Kyleigh , Sinclair Kate , Robison Grant , Lala Raushan , Finley Hayley , Richardson William Jase , Midwinter Mark J.
Published: January 2025

The haptic fidelity of biomimetic materials used in the design of procedural task trainers is of growing interest to the medical community. Shore hardness has been proposed as a method for assessing tissue biomechanics and replicating the results as a way to increase the fidelity of biomimetics to tissues. However, there is limited research on the reliability of human tissue measurements using Shore scales. Using human tissues (internal carotid artery [ICA], internal jugular vein [IJV], vagus nerve [VN], sternocleidomastoid muscle [SCM], and overlying skin [skin]), this study evaluates (1) the inter-rater reliability of Shore hardness measurements, (2) examines the relationship between tissue thickness and hardness, and (3) investigates the impact of a measurement method (freehand vs. durometer stand). Preserved tissues, specifically a liver and components of the anterior triangle of the neck, were extracted from cadavers and measured by three independent raters using digital Shore durometers. Testing revealed that although Shore A demonstrated better inter-rater reliability compared to Shore OO, both scales exhibited poor-to-moderate reliability. ICC values for Shore A ranged from 0.21 to 0.80 and were statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all tissue types except the SCM. In contrast, Shore OO demonstrated poorer reliability, with ICC values ranging from 0.00 to 0.41. The ICC values were only significant for the ICA, IJV, and VN (p < 0.05). An inverse correlation between tissue thickness and hardness on the Shore A scale was found for all tissues and was significant (p < 0.05) for ICA, VN, and skin. There were mixed results for the correlation between tissue thickness and hardness on the Shore OO scale (−0.06–0.92), and only IJV had a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05). Finally, the median hardness values on the Shore OO scale were significantly greater when measured using a durometer stand vs. freehand (Z = 4.78, p < 0.05). In summary, when using appropriate standards and addressing the challenges of tissue thickness and variability in freehand measures, Shore hardness has the potential to be used by clinicians in the clinical setting and in the selection of biomimetic materials in the design of task trainers.
The Role of Aquaculture in Shaping the Morphology of Babylonia areolata: A Comparative Study of Cultured and Wild Populations
Authors: Wang Haishan , Chen Zhi , Tong Yuhe , Ye Le , Li Youming
Published: January 2025

Background: With the rapid expansion of aquaculture, the impact of rearing environments on the morphological characteristics of marine species has become a critical research focus. This study investigates the morphological differences between wild and cultured populations of B. areolata, a commercially valuable marine mollusk, to understand how aquaculture environments influence morphological traits. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the morphological variance between wild and cultured populations using multivariate statistical techniques and to analyze the ecological implications of these differences. Methods: A total of 120 specimens (56 cultured, 64 wild) were collected from 2 habitats in Hainan, China, and analyzed for 9 morphological traits. Statistical methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), were used to assess morphological differences. Results: The study revealed significant morphological differences between wild and cultured populations of B. areolata. Cultured populations exhibited greater morphological uniformity, particularly in traits such as shell height, shell length, and total weight. In contrast, wild populations showed higher variability in traits like shell thickness and shell aperture width, driven by resource heterogeneity and natural selection pressures in their environment. Conclusion: The findings suggest that aquaculture environments significantly influence the development of morphological traits, potentially affecting mollusk adaptability and survival in natural habitats. These results provide valuable insights into aquaculture management and strategies for conserving wild populations.
Proline Promotes Drought Tolerance in Maize
Authors: Khan Pirzada , Abdelbacki Ashraf M. M. , Albaqami Mohammed , Jan Rahmatullah , Kim Kyung-Min
Published: January 2025

Drought stress significantly affects maize (Zea mays L.) growth by disrupting vital physiological and biochemical processes. This study investigates the potential of proline supplementation to alleviate drought-induced stress in maize plants. The results show that proline supplementation enhanced shoot and root growth under normal conditions and alleviated drought-induced reductions in growth parameters. Under drought stress, proline increased shoot length by 40%, root length by 36%, shoot fresh weight by 97%, root fresh weight by 247%, shoot dry weight by 77%, and root dry weight by 154% compared to the untreated plants. While drought stress induced electrolyte leakage and reduced the relative water content (RWC) and leaf area, proline treatment mitigated these effects by improving membrane stability, water retention, and chlorophyll content. Moreover, proline supplementation reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 38% and 67%, respectively, in the drought-stressed plants compared to the untreated controls. It also enhanced catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 14%, 69%, and 144%, respectively, under drought stress, indicating a strengthened antioxidative defense. Proline also increased the protein content and improved N, P, and K retention by 30%, 40%, and 28%, respectively, in the drought-stressed plants, supporting metabolic and osmotic balance. Additionally, proline improved endogenous proline and sugar levels, facilitating osmotic adjustment and providing energy reserves. These findings suggest that proline supplementation effectively enhances maize resilience under drought stress, improving growth, reducing oxidative stress, and enhancing osmoprotection.
Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1: A Molecular Bridge from AKI to CKD
Authors: Yang Songyuan , Ye Zehua , Chen Lijia , Zhou Xiangjun , Li Wei , Cheng Fan
Published: January 2025

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent two frequently observed clinical conditions. AKI is characterized by an abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), generally associated with elevated serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and electrolyte imbalances. This condition usually persists for approximately a week, causing a transient reduction in kidney function. If these abnormalities continue beyond 90 days, the condition is redefined as chronic kidney disease (CKD) or may advance to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Recent research increasingly indicates that maladaptive repair mechanisms after AKI significantly contribute to the development of CKD. Thus, implementing early interventions to halt the progression from AKI to CKD has the potential to markedly improve patient outcomes. Although considerable research has been conducted, the exact mechanisms linking AKI to CKD are complex, and effective treatments remain limited. Kidney function is influenced by circadian rhythms, with the circadian gene Bmal1 being vital in managing these cycles. Recent research indicates that Bmal1 is significantly involved in the progression of both AKI and CKD. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of Bmal1’s role in AKI and CKD, reviewed recent research advancements, and investigated how Bmal1 influences the pathological mechanisms underlying the progression from AKI to CKD. Additionally, we highlighted gaps in the existing research and examined the potential of Bmal1 as a therapeutic target in kidney disease management. This work aims to provide meaningful insights for future studies on the role of the circadian gene Bmal1 in the transition from AKI to CKD, with the goal of identifying therapeutic approaches to mitigate kidney disease progression.
Application Strategies of Super-Enhancer RNA in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: He Yi , Cai Yuwei , Cao Yanyan , Wang Yan , Wang Jing , Ding Hu
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In recent years, enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) have gradually attracted attention because they offer new directions for the treatment of CVDs. Super-enhancer RNAs (seRNAs) are a subset of non-coding RNAs that are transcribed from regions of the genome known as super enhancers, which are large clusters of enhancers with a high density of transcription factors and cofactors. These regions play a pivotal role in regulating genes involved in cell identity and disease progression. This article reviews the characteristics of seRNAs, their expression patterns, and regulatory mechanisms in the cardiovascular system. We also explore their role in the occurrence and development of CVDs, as well as their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, therapies targeting seRNAs are a research hotspot. The development of specific inhibitors or activators is expected to facilitate precise interventions for CVDs. In addition, the use of gene editing techniques to modify relevant eRNA introduces new possibilities for disease treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of seRNAs in CVDs and discusses their potential as a novel class of therapeutic targets.
Causal Analysis and Prevention Strategies for Safety Risks in Prefabricated Building Construction Based on Accident Data and Complex Network Theory
Authors: Liu Wei , Luo Xiao , Liang Baojun , Xie Junhao
Published: January 2025

As China’s construction industry pays increasing attention to occupational health, prefabricated buildings, as an important direction for industry transformation, are gradually gaining widespread attention. However, because relevant management regulations have not yet been perfected, work-related injuries still occur from time to time. In order to comprehensively analyze safety risks in prefabricated building construction (PBC), this article systematically discusses construction safety risks and their causal relationships based on accident data and complex network theory. By constructing a network model of safety accident causes in PBC, the topology of the network was evaluated, the relationship between accidents and safety risks was revealed, and key safety risk factors were identified. Research shows that the attack strategies of betweenness centrality and degree centrality can significantly affect the stability of the network structure, and the EffG attack strategy performs better in identifying key nodes. In addition, human factors and management factors are the main causes of accidents. In particular, the two factors of insufficient safety education and training and insufficient safety hazard investigation play a decisive role in network connectivity. This study also further analyzed the formation probabilities of critical risk paths for various types of accidents. Among them, object impact accidents have the highest probability of occurrence, reaching 0.19779, while collapse accidents have the lowest probability of occurrence at only 0.02046. In response to these findings, this article proposes strategies, such as strengthening safety training, regular hidden danger inspections, and optimizing on-site management, to reduce construction safety risks and promote the sustainable development of the construction industry.
Ongoing Failure to Deliver Guideline-Concordant Care for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ejie Jonathan , Ashraf Ganjouei Amir , Hernandez Sophia , Wang Jaeyun Jane , Romero-Hernandez Fernanda , Foroutani Laleh , Hirose Kenzo , Nakakura Eric , Corvera Carlos Uriel , Alseidi Adnan , Adam Mohamed Abdelgadir
Published: January 2025

(1) Background: Comprehensive evaluation of guideline-concordant care (GCC) across all PDAC stages has yet to be thoroughly conducted. This study aimed to characterize treatment patterns and assess factors associated with receiving GCC among patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in California. (2) Methods: Data on adult patients with PDAC were extracted from the California Cancer Registry (2004–2020). GCC is defined according to the recommendations provided by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with receiving GCC. A Cox model was used to examine the association of GCC with overall survival. (3) Results: A total of 50,346 PDAC patients were included (stage 1: 10%; stage 2: 25%; stage 3: 11%; stage 4: 54%). Only 46.7% of all patients received GCC (stage 1: 20%; stage 2: 40%; stage 3: 69%; stage 4: 50%). Only 31% of stage 1 patients underwent surgery. Factors inversely associated with receiving GCC were Hispanic ethnicity (OR 0.78; p < 0.001), Black race (OR 0.74; p < 0.001), having no insurance (OR 0.40; p < 0.001]), and a Charlson–Deyo score of ≥2 (OR 0.68; p < 0.001). Adherence to GCC was associated with improved survival (Hazard Ratio 0.39; p < 0.001). Notably, patients with stage 1 PDAC who received GCC had a median survival of 47 months vs. 8 months for those who did not. (4) Conclusions: Although stage 1 PDAC patients have the greatest potential for survival with GCC, only 20% of patients received such treatment. Thus, it is crucial to identify and address the modifiable factors contributing to these suboptimal care patterns.
Surfactant-Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp: The Interrelationship Between Lignin Reduction and Sugar Recovery
Authors: Ascencio Jesús J. , Magalhães Leticia S. , Ferreira Fabrício B. , Heinz Otto , Ferraz André , Chandel Anuj K.
Published: January 2025

This study examines the effect of surfactant-enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis on eucalyptus Kraft pulps produced under high (CPHA) and mild (CPMA) alkali conditions to optimize saccharification and sugar yield. Compositional analysis revealed an increase in glucan content, from 40% in untreated eucalyptus to 70.1% in CPHA. Both pulps were hydrolyzed using Cellic® CTec3 HS enzyme (Novozymes). A 22 factorial design revealed maximum sugar conversion (~100%) with enzyme loading of 10 FPU/g carbohydrate and 10% (w/v) solids. Tween 20 significantly boosted hydrolysis in CPMA, increasing reducing sugars from 42 g/L to 65 g/L and efficiency from 59.6% to 92.2% within 6 h. By contrast, Tween 80 and PEG 400 showed limited effects on CPMA. Surfactants mitigated lignin–enzyme interactions, especially in CPMA, as higher lignin content restricted hydrolysis efficiency. Phenolic content in the hydrolysates revealed that Tween 80 increased the release of inhibitory compounds, while Tween 20 kept phenolic levels lower. Overall, Tween 20 improved sugar yields and hydrolysis efficiency even with moderate lignin removal during kraft pretreatment, highlighting its potential to reduce enzyme loading and costs in industrial biorefineries. This study underscores the importance of optimizing surfactant selection based on biomass composition for effective enzymatic hydrolysis for cellulosic sugar recovery.
Assessment of Climate Change in Angola and Potential Impacts on Agriculture
Authors: Correia Carlos D. N. , Amraoui Malik , Santos João A.
Published: January 2025

Agroclimatic indicators help convey information about climate variability and change in terms that are meaningful to the agricultural sector. This study evaluated climate projections for Angola, particularly for provinces with more significant agricultural potential. To this end, 15 predefined agroclimatic indicators in 2041–2070 and 2071–2099, under the anthropogenic forcing scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were compared with the historical period 1981–2010 as a baseline. We selected two climate scenarios and two temporal horizons to obtain a comprehensive view of the potential impacts of climate change in Angola. Data were extracted within the geographic window of longitudes 10–24° E and latitudes 4–18° S and from five general circulation models (GCM), namely MIROC-ESM-CHEM, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, GFDL-ESM2M, and NorESM1-M. The set averages of agroclimatic indicators and their differences between historical and future periods are discussed in relation to the likely implications for agriculture in Angola. The results show significant increases in average daily maximum (2–3 °C) and minimum (2–3 °C) temperatures in Angola. For the future, a generally significant reduction in precipitation (and its associated indicators) is expected in all areas of Angola, with the southwest region (Namibe and Huíla) recording the most pronounced decrease, up to 300 mm. At the same time, the maximum number of consecutive dry days will increase across the country, especially in the Northeast. A widespread increase in temperatures is expected, leading to hot and dry conditions in Angola that could lead to more frequent, intense, and prolonged extreme events, such as tropical nights, the maximum number of consecutive summer days, hot and rainy days, and warm period duration index periods. These changes can seriously affect agriculture, water resources, and ecosystems in Angola, thereby requiring adaptation strategies to reduce risks and adverse effects while ensuring the sustainability of the country’s natural resources and guaranteeing its food security.
All-Cause Mortality Prediction in Subjects with Diabetes Mellitus Using a Machine Learning Model and Shapley Values
Authors: Mirea Oana , Oghli Mostafa Ghelich , Neagoe Oana , Berceanu Mihaela , Țieranu Eugen , Moraru Liviu , Raicea Victor , Donoiu Ionuț
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent disease with an increased risk of complications. Identifying risk factors for mortality in these patients is crucial, as early recognition can facilitate prompt therapeutic intervention. Machine learning (ML) models have proved to be valuable tools in different scenarios of healthcare decision making. We aimed to develop and test an ML model to predict all-cause mortality in a large cohort of subjects with DM. Methods: We included 1969 consecutive patients with DM type 1 (T1DM, n = 255) and type 2 (T2DM, n = 1714). eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was used for the prediction of all-cause mortality in this cohort and the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was used to assess the importance of each feature of the classifier. The missing values were imputed using the Missforest methodology. Results: The all-cause mortality rate was 21% during 5.5 ± 1.1 years of follow-up. The ML model achieved 90% sensitivity and 87% specificity with an AUC of 0.88 and an accuracy of 88% for predicting all-cause mortality. The SHAP analysis identified a lower glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), duration of insulin therapy, and a lower level of hemoglobin as the first three factors that contribute to the higher mortality rate. Conclusions: ML models can become valuable tools in clinical practice due to their unique ability to simultaneously assess the cumulative influence of multiple parameters and discover high-order interactions. The application of such models in clinical practice could improve the early identification of subjects at risk for complications and mortality and prompt early therapeutical interventions.
Diagnostic Dilemmas in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Cervical Spine Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hara Yuki , Yoshii Yuichi
Published: January 2025

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cervical spondylosis (CS) are both common diseases, yet differentiation between the two is sometimes necessary. However, there are few evidence-based reviews on the differentiation of these conditions. This review examined the literature on the diagnosis of CTS and CS, focusing on how to distinguish between them. The analysis is divided into four categories: clinical symptoms, physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and electrodiagnosis. A total of 281 studies are reviewed, revealing a major issue: the inclusion criteria for defining each disease varies widely across studies. Understanding this limitation, the conclusion drawn is that no single clinical symptom, test, or imaging evaluation can be deemed uniquely reliable for diagnosing CTS or CS. Therefore, it is essential to apply the most up-to-date knowledge, conduct thorough examinations, and perform necessary tests for each patient to achieve a confident and accurate diagnosis.
A Rare Case of Elbow Synovial Cyst with Radial Nerve Compression
Authors: Hsu Ting-Hsuan , Lin Yen-Nung
Published: January 2025

Elbow synovial cysts are rare and can mimic more frequently encountered disorders such as lateral epicondylitis, presenting diagnostic challenges. This report describes a woman in her mid-40s with persistent pain and weakness in her right forearm due to a synovial cyst compressing the radial nerve at the Arcade of Frohse. Despite initial suspicions of lateral epicondylitis, deeper investigation using sonography confirmed the presence of a compressive synovial cyst. Ultrasound-guided aspiration of the cyst was performed, yielding clear synovial fluid and providing symptomatic relief. Post-procedure imaging showed a significant reduction in cyst size and alleviation of nerve compression. This case highlights the critical role of integrating sonography with clinical evaluations in diagnosing and managing atypical presentations of neuropathic pain and motor weakness. This advanced imaging capability not only effectively facilitated an accurate diagnosis but also enabled a targeted therapeutic intervention, thereby avoiding extensive surgical procedures and reducing the risk of nerve injury.
On the Differential and the Integral Value of Information
Authors: Levine Raphael D.
Published: January 2025

A quantitative expression for the value of information within the framework of information theory and of the maximal entropy formulation is discussed. We examine both a local, differential measure and an integral, global measure for the value of the change in information when additional input is provided. The differential measure is a potential and as such carries a physical dimension. The integral value has the dimension of information. The differential measure can be used, for example, to discuss how the value of information changes with time or with other parameters of the problem.