bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Multi-Frame Adaptive Optics Image Restoration Algorithm Using Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Poisson Statistics
Authors: Li Dongming , Sun Changming , Yang Jinhua , Liu Huan , Peng Jiaqi , Zhang Lijuan
Published: April 2017

An adaptive optics (AO) system provides real-time compensation for atmospheric turbulence. However, an AO image is usually of poor contrast because of the nature of the imaging process, meaning that the image contains information coming from both out-of-focus and in-focus planes of the object, which also brings about a loss in quality. In this paper, we present a robust multi-frame adaptive optics image restoration algorithm via maximum likelihood estimation. Our proposed algorithm uses a maximum likelihood method with image regularization as the basic principle, and constructs the joint log likelihood function for multi-frame AO images based on a Poisson distribution model. To begin with, a frame selection method based on image variance is applied to the observed multi-frame AO images to select images with better quality to improve the convergence of a blind deconvolution algorithm. Then, by combining the imaging conditions and the AO system properties, a point spread function estimation model is built. Finally, we develop our iterative solutions for AO image restoration addressing the joint deconvolution issue. We conduct a number of experiments to evaluate the performances of our proposed algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm produces accurate AO image restoration results and outperforms the current state-of-the-art blind deconvolution methods.
Are Consumers Willing to Pay More for a “Made in” Product? An Empirical Investigation on “Made in Italy”
Authors: Cappelli Lucio , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Natale Luisa , Rossetti Francesca , Ruggieri Roberto , Vistocco Domenico
Published: April 2017

The paper aims to explore consumer behavior towards “Made in” products in order to determine the associated quality and value-attributes related to the purchasing intention of consumers. In particular, the article presents the comments and results deriving from an empirical investigation on “Made in Italy”. The research questions addressed are: (1) Does recognition really exist in terms of qualitative characterization of “Made in Italy” products? And if yes; (2) Does willingness to pay a “premium price” for such products exist in quantitative terms? The study is characterized by two phases. From a theoretical standpoint, the main literature on the topic is presented through the identification and deepening of the scientific strand of reference, such as the Country of Origin, the Country Image and the Brand Image, placing them in a broader context on Willingness to Pay. From an experimental standpoint, the research group investigates the existence and the type of relationship between the perception of quality and the willingness to pay for “Made in Italy” products. The summarized main findings show (1) “Made in Italy” is well established as a conceptual category in the minds of consumers; and (2) there is a significant “premium price” recognized by consumers for “Made in Italy” in the three sectors analyzed (food, fashion and furnishings). The “premium price” is not homogeneously recognized for the various product sectors analyzed, although for all the sectors the most commonly encountered value is relative to 10–30%.
Characterizing Precipitation Variability and Trends in the World’s Mediterranean-Climate Areas
Authors: Deitch Matthew , Sapundjieff Michele , Feirer Shane
Published: April 2017

The Mediterranean climate is principally characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. However, there are large variations in precipitation dynamics in regions with this climate type. We examined the variability of precipitation within and among Mediterranean-climate areas, and classified the Mediterranean climate as wet, moderate, or dry based on annual precipitation; and strongly, moderately, or weakly seasonal based on percentage of precipitation during summer. Mediterranean biomes are mostly dry (<700 mm annually) but some areas are wet (>1300 mm annually); and many areas are weakly seasonal (>12% of annual precipitation during summer). We also used NOAA NCDC climate records to characterize interannual variability of annual and dry-season precipitation, as well as trends in annual, winter, and dry-season precipitation for 337 sites that met the data quality criteria from 1975 to 2015. Most significantly, sites in many Mediterranean-climate regions show downward trends in annual precipitation (southern California, Spain, Australia, Chile, and Northern Italy); and most of North America, the Mediterranean basin, and Chile showed downward trends in summer precipitation. Variations in annual and summer precipitation likely contribute to the high biodiversity and endemism characteristic of Mediterranean-climate biomes; the data indicate trends toward harsher conditions over the past 40 years.
Essai de clé typologique des groupements végétaux de Midi-Pyrénées et des Pyrénées françaises. IV Tourbières basses (Scheuchzerio - Caricetea)
Authors: Corriol Gilles
Published: April 2017

Dans la perspective d'une typologie des habitats naturels de Midi-Pyrénées et des Pyrénées françaises, des clés de travail thématiques basées sur la littérature phytosociologique sont produites. Le présent article, le quatrième de la série, traite de la classe Scheuchzerio palustris - Caricetea fuscae Tüxen 1937. Des tableaux synthétiques sont fournis pour les associations prises en compte dans ce travail.
Stakeholders and Craft Beer Tourism Development
Authors: Alonso Abel Duarte , Sakellarios Nikolaos , Bressan Alessandro
Published: April 2017

The growth of craft brewing in many countries is increasingly documented in the academic literature. However, research on this phenomenon, concerning the tourism side, is still limited. This exploratory study contributes to the developing body of craft brewing research, investigating
the potential, opportunities, and challenges of craft beer tourism (CBT) from the perspective of a group of predominantly microbrewers operating in three nations. The significance of these entrepreneurs as stakeholders of this burgeoning industry justifies the use of stakeholder theory (ST)
as the study's theoretical foundation; this adoption represents a further contribution of the study. The usefulness of ST is confirmed, with the findings particularly aligning with the descriptive, instrumental, and normative theses. Additionally, different perceptions of the potential of
CBT based on country are identified; content analysis provides further support when different forms of CBT that could be developed are identified. The study also underlines various important practical and theoretical implications and suggests future research opportunities.
Determining Long-Term Change in Tourism Research Language With Text-Mining Methods
Authors: Mazanec Josef A.
Published: April 2017

Are quantitative text mining methods sensitive enough to recognize change in the language of tourism research? The study of tourism is expected to have shifted focus during the past four decades, and this must be reflected in the abstracts of articles published in a journal of particularly
long tradition. Two text mining methods are employed for analyzing change. They prove to be capable of detecting significant change in language between early and recent article abstracts. The study investigates discriminant word items and latent topic structures. The double approach with two
computationally unrelated methods (penalized support vector machines and latent Dirichlet allocation) explores (a) single word items that differentiate between earlier and later article abstracts and (b) the relevance of latent topics underlying older and newer abstracts. The results advocate
future qualitative analyses for pursuing the reasons and contents of change.
Vacationing at Sea Again: Who and Why?
Authors: Mahadevan Renuka
Published: April 2017

This article analyzes the factors influencing the intention to cruise again, comparing male and female cruisers as well as first-timers and repeat cruisers. A case study on Australian cruisers revealed the need for a targeted marketing approach and some similarities toward a more general
advertising effort. Contrary to previous studies, brand loyalty to cruise line is found to be less important than cruise destination. However, men—unlike women—were influenced by a cruise recommended by others and interesting ports of calls, whereas women valued cruise experience
over cruise destination. Among first-timers, women were more likely to cruise again; however, to attract repeat cruisers, there needs to be a deeper understanding of preferences underlying a good cruise experience.
Probing the magnetic superexchange couplings between terminal CuII ions in heterotrinuclear bis(oxamidato) type complexes
Authors: Abdulmalic Mohammad A , Weheabby Saddam , Meva Francois E , Aliabadi Azar , Kataev Vladislav , Büchner Bernd , Schleife Frederik , Kersting Berthold , Rüffer Tobias
Published: April 2017

The reaction of one equivalent of [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opboR2)] with two equivalents of [Cu(pmdta)(X)2] afforded the heterotrinuclear CuIINiIICuII containing bis(oxamidato) type complexes [Cu2Ni(opboR2)(pmdta)2]X2 (R = Me, X = NO3– (1); R = Et, X = ClO4– (2); R = n-Pr, X = NO3– (3); opboR2 = o-phenylenebis(NR-substituted oxamidato); pmdta = N,N,N’,N”,N”-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). The identities of the heterotrinuclear complexes 1–3 were established by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, which revealed the cationic complex fragments [Cu2Ni(opboR2)(pmdta)2]2+ as not involved in any further intermolecular interactions. As a consequence thereof, the complexes 1–3 possess terminal paramagnetic [Cu(pmdta)]2+ fragments separated by [NiII(opboR2)]2– bridging units representing diamagnetic SNi = 0 states. The magnetic field dependence of the magnetization M(H) of 1–3 at T = 1.8 K has been determined and is shown to be highly reproducible with the Brillouin function for an ideal paramagnetic spin = 1/2 system, verifying experimentally that no magnetic superexchange couplings exists between the terminal paramagnetic [Cu(pmdta)]2+ fragments. Susceptibility measurements versus temperature of 1–3 between 1.8–300 K were performed to reinforce the statement of the absence of magnetic superexchange couplings in these three heterotrinuclear complexes.
Thermal Pressure in Diffuse H2 Gas Measured by Herschel
Emission and FUSE UV H2 Absorption
Authors: Velusamy T. , Langer W. D. , Goldsmith P. F. , Pineda J. L.
Published: April 2017

UV absorption studies with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite have made important observations of H2 molecular gas in Galactic interstellar translucent and diffuse clouds. Observations of the 158 μm [C ii] fine-structure line with Herschel trace the same H2 molecular gas in emission. We present [C ii] observations along 27 lines of sight (LOSs) toward target stars of which 25 have FUSE H2 UV absorption. Two stars have only HST STIS C ii λ2325 absorption data. We detect [C ii] 158 μm emission features in all but one target LOS. For three target LOSs that are close to the Galactic plane,

1°, we also present position–velocity maps of [C ii] emission observed by Herschel Heterodyne Instrument in the Far Infrared (HIFI) in on-the-fly spectral-line mapping. We use the velocity-resolved [C ii] spectra observed by the HIFI instrument toward the target LOSs observed by FUSE to identify [C ii] velocity components associated with the H2 clouds. We analyze the observed velocity integrated [C ii] spectral-line intensities in terms of the densities and thermal pressures in the H2 gas using the H2 column densities and temperatures measured by the UV absorption data. We present the H2 gas densities and thermal pressures for 26 target LOSs and from the [C ii] intensities derive a mean thermal pressure in the range of ∼6100–7700 K cm−3 in diffuse H2 clouds. We discuss the thermal pressures and densities toward 14 targets, comparing them to results obtained using the UV absorption data for two other tracers C i and CO. Our results demonstrate the richness of the far-IR [C ii] spectral data which is a valuable complement to the UV H2 absorption data for studying diffuse H2 molecular clouds. While the UV absorption is restricted to the directions of the target star, far-IR [C ii] line emission offers an opportunity to employ velocity-resolved spectral-line mapping capability to study in detail the clouds’ spatial and velocity structures.
The Physical Origin and Magnetic Sensitivity of the Scattering Polarization Observed in the O i IR Triplet at 777 nm
Authors: Alemán T. del Pino , Bueno J. Trujillo
Published: April 2017

The linearly polarized solar limb spectrum caused by the absorption and scattering of anisotropic radiation has a very rich diagnostic potential, given its sensitivity to the thermal, dynamic, and magnetic structure of the solar atmosphere. A crucial first step toward its scientific exploitation is understanding the physical origin of the observed spectral line polarization and its magnetic sensitivity via the Hanle and Zeeman effects. Here, we study the linear polarization signals observed in the IR triplet of O i at 777 nm, describing in detail the multilevel radiative transfer calculations that allowed us to decipher their physical origin. We investigate the sensitivity of the calculated scattering polarization signals to various modeling parameters, finding that the observed fractional linear polarization pattern originates mainly in the solar chromosphere, although the intensity profiles of the O i IR triplet come mainly from the lower photosphere. We find that the three lines are sensitive, via the Hanle effect, to magnetic fields with strengths between 0.01 and 30 G, in a extended region of the solar atmosphere. We show this through calculations of the response function to magnetic field perturbations in a semi-empirical model of the quiet Sun atmosphere. The dominant response of the linear polarization signals occurs at heights

km above the visible model’s surface, which demonstrates that the scattering linear polarization signals of the oxygen IR triplet encode information on the magnetism of the solar chromosphere.
On the Origin of the Fundamental Plane and Faber–Jackson Relations: Implications for the Star Formation Problem
Authors: D’Onofrio Mauro , Cariddi Stefano , Chiosi Cesare , Chiosi Emanuela , Marziani Paola
Published: April 2017

We provide an explanation of the properties of the fundamental plane (FP) relation and its observed projections for a sample of nearby early-type galaxies (ETGs) in terms of a fine-tuning between the time-averaged star formation rate

and their structural and dynamical characteristics. Their total V luminosity is linked with

and the central velocity dispersion σ through the relation

, with an rms = 0.215 (R = 0.64 and

). This fine-tuning permits us to obtain the FP in terms of two distinct “virtual planes” in the

space. The first one (the virial plane; VP) represents the total galaxy mass derived from the scalar virial theorem and the mass-to-light ratio M/L, while the second plane comes from the relation

, where

is a parameter connected with

. This is a mathematically convenient way for expressing the independence of the galaxy light from the virial equilibrium. Each galaxy in the

space is identified by the intersection of these two planes. A posteriori, we show that the properties of the FP (tilt and scatter) and the zone of exclusion visible in the FP projections are consequences of this fine-tuning. The link between the FP properties and the SFR of galaxies provides a new view of the star formation phenomenon. The star formation history of an unperturbed galaxy seems to be driven by the initial conditions in the protogalaxies and is regulated across cosmic epochs by the variation of the main galaxy parameters (mass, luminosity, structural shape, and velocity dispersion).
Reduced MHD in Astrophysical Applications: Two-dimensional or Three-dimensional?
Authors: Oughton S. , Matthaeus W. H. , Dmitruk P.
Published: April 2017

Originally proposed as an efficient approach to computation of nonlinear dynamics in tokamak fusion research devices, reduced magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) has subsequently found application in studies of coronal heating, flux tube dynamics, charged particle transport, and, in general, as an approximation to describe plasma turbulence in space physics and astrophysics. Given the diverse set of derivations available in the literature, there has emerged some level of discussion and a lack of consensus regarding the completeness of RMHD as a turbulence model, and its applicability in contexts such as the solar wind. Some of the key issues in this discussion are examined here, emphasizing that RMHD is properly neither 2D nor fully 3D, being rather an incomplete representation that enforces at least one family of extraneous conservation laws.
Impact of Radiogenic Heating on the Formation Conditions of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Mousis O. , Drouard A. , Vernazza P. , Lunine J. I. , Monnereau M. , Maggiolo R. , Altwegg K. , Balsiger H. , Berthelier J.-J. , Cessateur G. , De Keyser J. , Fuselier S. A. , Gasc S. , Korth A. , Le Deun T. , Mall U. , Marty B. , Rème H. , Rubin M. , Tzou C.-Y. , Waite J. H. , Wurz P.
Published: April 2017

Because of the high fraction of refractory material present in comets, the heat produced by the radiogenic decay of elements such as aluminum and iron can be high enough to induce the loss of ultravolatile species such as nitrogen, argon, or carbon monoxide during their accretion phase in the protosolar nebula (PSN). Here, we investigate how heat generated by the radioactive decay of 26Al and 60Fe influences the formation of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, as a function of its accretion time and the size of its parent body. We use an existing thermal evolution model that includes various phase transitions, heat transfer in the ice-dust matrix, and gas diffusion throughout the porous material, based on thermodynamic parameters derived from Rosetta observations. Two possibilities are considered: either, to account for its bilobate shape, 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko was assembled from two primordial ∼2 km sized planetesimals, or it resulted from the disruption of a larger parent body with a size corresponding to that of comet Hale–Bopp (∼70 km). To fully preserve its volatile content, we find that either 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko’s formation was delayed between ∼2.2 and 7.7 Myr after that of Ca–Al-rich Inclusions in the PSN or the comet’s accretion phase took place over the entire time interval, depending on the primordial size of its parent body and the composition of the icy material considered. Our calculations suggest that the formation of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is consistent with both its accretion from primordial building blocks formed in the nebula or from debris issued from the disruption of a Hale–Bopp-like body.
Altérations des logiques du sexe. L’hermaphrodisme dans des cas médicaux et juridiques du XIX e siècle
Authors: Mak Geertje
Published: April 2017

Analysant la manière dont la catégorisation sexuelle est réellement pratiquée dans les cas d’hermaphrodisme du dix-neuvième siècle, l’auteure soutient que le sexe comme catégorie a fondamentalement changé. En présentant deux exemples (parmi les trois cents cas analysés), elle montre de quelle manière le doute portant sur le sexe était auparavant considéré comme un problème survenant entre une personne et sa communauté, et dans lequel les médecins assuraient parfois le rôle d’arbitres. Ce doute devient, à la fin du siècle, un problème entre le soi de la personne et son corps. On entreprend alors de le résoudre dans un cadre médico-psychologique individualisé.
Lacan héritier de Freud ? Quelques réflexions sur la perversion chez Freud et Lacan
Authors: Van Haute Philippe
Published: April 2017

La première édition des Trois essais sur la théorie de la sexualité de Freud (1905) contient une théorie de la perversion et de la sexualité qui est largement en opposition avec l’idée d’une « structure perverse ». Cette idée semble réintroduire une référence à une « identité » nosologique essentielle et clairement différente d’autres identités. Nous montrons comment l’idée d’une structure perverse est problématique du point de vue patho-analytique que développe Freud dans la première version des Trois essais . Il deviendra clair que la pensée lacanienne sur les perversions ne peut être comprise en dehors d’une référence constitutive à l’histoire de la psychiatrie française et plus particulièrement à l’œuvre d’Ernest Dupré.
Langue maternelle : aliénation identitaire, sexualité et contingence
Authors: Da Silva Junior Nelson
Published: April 2017

La « langue maternelle » est une notion souvent évoquée dans la défense des affirmations identitaires. Dans cet essai de déconstruction psychanalytique du pouvoir aliénant de ce syntagme, nous visons à mettre le syntagme « langue maternelle » en rapport d’abord avec la théorie lacanienne de l’entrée du sujet dans le langage pensée avec les concepts d’aliénation et de séparation et, ensuite, avec ses formules de la sexuation, d’où ressort le principe « il n’y a pas de rapport sexuel ». Nous cherchons à mettre en lumière la pensée lacanienne sur ces sujets tout en la comparant avec celle d’autres penseurs tels Heidegger, Derrida, Hannah Arendt et Barbara Cassin. Ce chemin nous conduira à l’idée d’une complémentarité illusoire en jeu aussi bien dans le langage que dans l’amour.
À propos de Putain de Nelly Arcan. La « putasserie », déclinaison mélancolique de la féminité
Authors: Chevalier Fanny
Published: April 2017

Putain , de Nelly Arcan, livre l’envers du décor de la tyrannie de séduction dans laquelle est prise la féminité de la narratrice, une féminité tirée aux quatre épingles des normes. En marge de la seule dénonciation de l’empire des normes sur le genre, l’écriture très particulière de Putain laisse entendre à quel point le court-circuit qu’elles opèrent sur toute créativité de la féminité ne procède pas tant de leurs effets de masse que de l’usage toujours singulier qui en est fait. Cet usage relève ici d’une fonction nécessaire pour suppléer à un impossible accès à la mascarade et dessine les coordonnées d’une féminité hors hystérisation.
Une vision freudienne du jeu de l’acteur : Freud à l’écoute de l’art d’Yvette Guilbert
Authors: Danzi Giuseppina , Vivès Jean-Michel
Published: April 2017

À travers la correspondance entre Freud et la célèbre « diseuse » Yvette Guilbert et à la lumière d’autres notations repérées çà et là dans l’œuvre freudienne, les auteurs mettent au jour les éléments permettant d’envisager une vision freudienne de l’art de l’acteur proche de celle qui sera développée par les théoriciens du théâtre au début du XX e siècle. Cette vision « moderne » du comédien pose au centre de la scène la « présence vivante » d’un artiste capable de créer, à travers la construction d’une illusion, un moment de vérité et d’authenticité. En reprenant les suites peu connues du « dialogue » entre Yvette Guilbert et Freud, les auteurs montrent l’évolution de leurs respectives intuitions concernant l’art de l’acteur. Si, grâce à Freud, la « diseuse » arrivera à repenser l’acteur « sous la forme «d’un hôtel meublé», dont le propriétaire tire profit de ses habitants », dans les lettres de Freud nous pouvons rencontrer la reconnaissance des effets que la magie de l’art d’Yvette est capable de provoquer chez lui : la possibilité de « redevenir jeune l’espace d’une heure » dans le pressentiment d’un temps « hors-temps dont l’instant fait date ».
Retour sur vingt-cinq ans de relations incertaines entre Israéliens, Egyptiens et Palestiniens
Authors: Alsajdeya Dima
Published: April 2017

L’Égypte a toujours préconisé son rôle de médiateur dans le conflit israélo-palestinien pour satisfaire ses intérêts nationaux et faire prévaloir son image de puissance régionale et sa place d’interlocutrice auprès des Américains. De ce fait, elle opte depuis 1991 pour des postures qui oscillent entre paix froide, médiation et paix stratégique. En effet, d’une relation de méfiance à une coopération stratégique, les rapports égypto-israéliens ne cessent de s’améliorer tandis que le lien, pourtant historique, entre les Égyptiens et les Palestiniens ne fait que s’affaiblir. Afin de mieux comprendre cette mutation quasi-constante des postures égyptiennes vis-à-vis des Israéliens et des Palestiniens, cette contribution se propose d’en dresser une vue d’ensemble sur les vingt-cinq dernières années.
Pays arabes du Golfe : deux décennies de basculements
Authors: Levallois Agnès
Published: April 2017

Les pays du Golfe ont connu d’importants changements depuis 1990 date de l’invasion du Koweït par les troupes de Saddam Hussein et ils sont confrontés à de nombreux défis. Sur le plan intérieur, la baisse du prix du pétrole remet en question l’Etat providence tandis que les groupes radicaux tels qu’al-Qaïda dans la péninsule arabique et Daesh mettent en cause la légitimité de ces pouvoirs. Inquiètes des mouvements de contestation qui se sont exprimés en 2011, les pétromonarchies ont craint des répercussions sur leur stabilité et s’inquiètent du rôle que les Etats-Unis entendent jouer dans la région et se rapprochent de la Russie.
Les islamistes ont-ils évolué ? Retours critiques sur une idéologie résiliente
Authors: Seniguer Haouès
Published: April 2017

L’islamisme, qui est une forme exacerbée de politisation de l’islam, a généralement pour synonyme islam politique. Ce courant idéologique, aussi bien de l’islam sunnite que de l’islam chiite, a connu des mutations plus ou moins importantes depuis ses origines (première moitié du XX e siècle), et ce, suivant les acteurs individuels et collectifs concernés, les contrées et les périodes données. Si évolution(s) il y a par rapport à certaines questions et modes d’actions autrefois employés (renoncement dans bien des cas à la lutte armée et acceptation de l’ordre institutionnel établi), l’islamisme comporte cependant des invariants qui n’ont pas complètement disparu, y compris au sein des mouvements légalistes. Aussi, leur pragmatisme politique, consistant à s’adapter aux contraintes systémiques, n’équivaut pas ipso facto à un renoncement effectif à l’exercice d’une forme d’hégémonie culturelle et religieuse là où ils prospèrent, au premier chef dans les sociétés majoritairement musulmanes. C’est pourquoi il est possible encore à ce jour de repérer quelques intersections idéologiques entre mouvements islamistes légitimistes et mouvements islamistes plus radicaux.
Les réfugiés palestiniens depuis 1991 : entre marginalisation et vicissitudes
Authors: de Wangen Sylviane
Published: April 2017

Depuis 1991, la situation des réfugiés palestiniens dans les pays arabes du Moyen-Orient n’a cessé de se dégrader. Apatrides pour nombre d’entre eux, sans statut protecteur, leur place dans la société d’accueil, leur perception par la société palestinienne et au niveau international, leur niveau de vie et leurs perspectives personnelles semblent aujourd’hui dans une impasse. Cet article revient sur des événements qui ont jalonné ces 25 dernières années tendant à marginaliser de plus en plus les réfugiés palestiniens au Moyen-Orient et mettant en lumière leur extrême vulnérabilité. Il reprend une réflexion ouverte depuis longtemps par des responsables palestiniens et des chercheurs sur cette question des réfugiés. Après la reconnaissance de l’État de Palestine dans les frontières sur les lignes d’armistice de 1949 par l’assemblée générale de ONU en décembre 2012 et de plusieurs de ses organisations spécialisées dont en premier lieu l’Unesco (dès 2011), des perspectives nouvelles peuvent-elles s’ouvrir pour ces réfugiés ?
E ntâme cartésienne
Authors: Thomas Marie-Claude
Published: April 2017

Si le « moment cartésien » du sujet moderne – les lois de l’optique de Kepler clivent alors le sujet de l’objet jusque-là en interpénétration inverse grâce aux rayons lumineux de l’œil – est connu, « celui » de la musique reste discret. Pourtant, c’est encore Descartes qui fêle, entame l’harmonie du monde et de la musique, spirituel et réel enroulement du macrocosme et du microcosme – qu’Arthur Schopenhauer perpétuera à sa manière. Avec son Compendium Musicae (1618) jalousement dédié au savant Isaac Beeckman après une rencontre coup de foudre, un jour, par hasard, à Breda, Descartes fait glisser la musique dans la psychologie du plaisir…
Climate Change Policies after the 2015 Paris Agreement
Authors: Gordon Frederick
Published: April 2017

Le rapport Stern de 2006 reflète l’urgence de la lutte contre le changement climatique. D’après l’Accord de Paris de 2015, 55 pays représentant 55 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre prendront l’initiative pour traiter le problème du changement climatique. Cet accord est peut-être la meilleure chance d’inverser le changement climatique. L’Accord de Paris de 2015 met en œuvre des mesures différenciées, équitables, durables et légalement contraignantes pour atteindre ces objectifs. On peut espérer que cet accord est bien plus avancé que son prédécesseur, le Protocole de Kyoto. Ce dernier, entré en vigueur à partir de 2005, appelait la communauté internationale à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre de 5,25 % par rapport à 1990. Cependant, un traité significatif devrait viser une réduction des émissions de 60 %. Cela signifie que les États-Unis, qui représentent environ 20 % des émissions globales de gaz à effet de serre, doivent jouer pleinement un rôle de leader pour valider cet accord.
Quand le rire signe l’effroi
Authors: Llopis-Salvan Nicole
Published: April 2017

Résumé L’auteur s’intéresse au rire en séance, non pas celui issu de l’effet comique du mot d’esprit , dont Freud nous dit qu’il est un gain de plaisir, mais plutôt le rire d’effroi en lien avec l’angoisse .En reprenant la proposition de G .Diatkine qui voit dans la joie des retrouvailles de l’enfant avec la mère absentée le prototype du rire comique, l’auteur s’interroge à partir de deux situations cliniques sur le rire d’effroi comme révélateur de traces de traumatismes précoces. Une rencontre non advenue avec l’objet primaire, qui vient se répéter dans l’investissement transférentielle, en quête d’une autre issue.
Au psychodrame les analystes se donnent le droit de rire
Authors: Valon Philippe
Published: April 2017

Résumé Le rire a moins bonne presse que l’humour dans le milieu analytique, et surtout le rire de l’analyste : séduction, acting, il contreviendrait à la neutralité et à ce que l’on nomme aujourd’hui refusement de l’analyste. Pourtant au psychodrame analytique, il survient, souvent, y compris chez les analystes présents. Il s’agit ici d’en comprendre les ressorts, les avantages, mais aussi les dangers.
L’amnésie infantile
Authors: Sirois François
Published: April 2017

Résumé L’auteur examine la question de l’amnésie infantile à partir de deux aspects. Le premier est la voie ouverte par Freud, celui des souvenirs-couverture, au premier chef ceux de Freud. Deux souvenirs couvrant le même événement semblent avoir des portées différentes dans la vie de Freud. Le deuxième aspect revient sur le qualificatif infantile de cette amnésie en discutant la transition des modes de satisfaction pulsionnelle dans l’enfance. La discussion s’appuie sur les différents points de comparaison donnés par Freud face à l’amnésie infantile et le poids du refus culturel dans l’instauration de l’amnésie, refus accompagné d’un détournement de la mémoire.
Exploring Shared Governance for an Academic Nursing Setting
Authors: Boswell Carol , Opton Laura , Owen Donna C.
Published: April 2017

Background:

A beneficial work environment influences staff and employee satisfaction and contributes to enhanced organizational execution.

Method:

This article communicates a literature review of the existing knowledge to describe the potential influence of job satisfaction, empowerment, and work engagement on a faculty and staff academic shared governance model and impact on the improvement of a healthy work environment.

Results:

References from PubMed (from 1975 to 2014) and ERIC (from 2006 to 2016), along with manuscripts included in the reference lists of the selected articles, served as the basis of the review. Definitions and descriptions of shared governance in academic settings suggested the potential influence on the development of a faculty and staff shared governance model within a school of nursing on job satisfaction, empowerment, and work engagement, resulting in the maintenance of a healthy work environment.

Conclusion:

This shift is essential for the resilience of nursing academia and the building of novel, more inclusive approaches to innovation that tap into the talent and skill of all organizational members. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(4):197–203.]
Foreign-Educated Graduate Nursing Students and Plagiarism
Authors: Knowlton Mary , Collins Shawn Bryant
Published: April 2017

Background:

Plagiarism is a concern related to students educated in countries other than the United States, where English is not the first language spoken. The authors' experience with plagiarism by a foreign-educated nursing student prompted an investigation into this topic.

Method:

This article focuses on the occurrence of unintentional plagiarism, a common focus with foreign-educated students, addressing linguistic, as well as cultural, viewpoints.

Results:

The findings from the literature on plagiarism among foreign-educated students are elicited and the article discusses strategies to help foreign-educated students learn about plagiarism and how to properly cite and reference sources.

Conclusion:

A variety of proactive strategies exist that can be used by both faculty and students to mitigate the occurrence of plagiarism by foreign-educated nursing students in higher education, starting with a clearer understanding of some of the antecedents to the problem of plagiarism. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(4):211–214.]
Exploring Mentees' Perceptions of an Undergraduate Nurse Peer Mentorship Program
Authors: Lombardo Celia , Wong Carissa , Sanzone Lia , Filion Françoise , Tsimicalis Argerie
Published: April 2017

Background:

A nurse peer mentorship program was implemented to address the needs of undergraduate nursing students at an academic institution. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of mentees who participated in the nurse peer mentorship program.

Method:

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected using semistructured interviews that were transcribed verbatim and descriptively analyzed using an inductive approach.

Results:

Eleven participants were interviewed. Participant narratives revealed themes related to the student experience as they transitioned to university and their unique needs that motivated them to join the program. Mentees described helpful mentor behaviors and provided insight into the academic, social, professional, and mental health benefits and personal growth experienced from peer mentorship. Participants shared factors that affected mentoring relationships.

Conclusion:

Study findings support the need for broad evaluations of peer mentorship programs and can inform educational leaders to improve mentorship support available for nursing students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(4):227–230.]
Infection of Retained Defibrillator Lead Fragment after Heart Transplant
Authors: Durante-Mangoni Emanuele , Vitrone Martina , Mattucci Irene , Caprioli Vincenzo , Maiello Ciro
Published: April 2017

A 59-year old heart transplant recipient was admitted due to continuous pain in her left axilla. A purulent collection was found at the site of prior defibrillator placement, where a remnant proximal segment of an electric lead was found. Two years before, the patient had had pocket infection treated with revision, but without device extraction. The remnant lead was eventually removed transvenously without complications. This is the first description of infection complicating retention of lead fragments after heart transplant. The role of biofilm and net immune state on the persistence and late recurrence of infection is discussed.
Vertical distributions of N2O isotopocules in the equatorial stratosphere
Authors: Toyoda Sakae , Yoshida Naohiro , Morimoto Shinji , Aoki Shuji , Nakazawa Takakiyo , Sugawara Satoshi , Ishidoya Shigeyuki , Uematsu Mitsuo , Inai Yoichi , Hasebe Fumio , Ikeda Chusaku , Honda Hideyuki , Ishijima Kentaro
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Vertical profiles of nitrous oxide (N2O) and its isotopocules, isotopically substituted molecules, were obtained over the equator at altitudes of 16–30 km. Whole air samples were collected using newly developed balloon-borne compact cryogenic samplers over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific in 2012 and Biak Island, Indonesia in 2015. They were examined in the laboratory using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The mixing ratio and isotopocule ratios of N2O in the equatorial stratosphere showed a weaker vertical gradient than the previously reported profiles in the subtropical and mid-latitude and high-latitude stratosphere. From the relation between the mixing ratio and isotopocule ratios, further distinct characteristics were found over the equator: (1) Observed isotopocule enrichment factors (ϵ values) in the middle stratosphere (25–30 km) are almost equal to ϵ values reported from broadband photolysis experiments conducted in the laboratory. (2) ϵ values in the lower stratosphere (
Solid hydrometeor classification and riming degree estimation from pictures collected with a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera
Authors: Praz Christophe , Roulet Yves-Alain , Berne Alexis
Published: April 2017

Abstract. A new method to automatically classify solid hydrometeors based on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) images is presented. For each individual image, the method relies on the calculation of a set of geometric and texture-based descriptors to simultaneously identify the hydrometeor type (among six predefined classes), estimate the degree of riming and detect melting snow. The classification tasks are achieved by means of a regularized multinomial logistic regression (MLR) model trained over more than 3000 MASC images manually labeled by visual inspection. In a second step, the probabilistic information provided by the MLR is weighed on the three stereoscopic views of the MASC in order to assign a unique label to each hydrometeor. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on data collected in the Swiss Alps and in Antarctica. The algorithm achieves high performance, with a hydrometeor-type classification accuracy and Heidke skill score of 95 % and 0.93, respectively. The degree of riming is evaluated by introducing a riming index ranging between zero (no riming) and one (graupel) and characterized by a probable error of 5.5 %. A validation study is conducted through a comparison with an existing classification method based on two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) data and shows that the two methods are consistent.
Investigation of water adsorption and hygroscopicity of atmospheric particles using a commercial vapor sorption analyzer
Authors: Gu Wenjun , Li Yongjie , Zhu Jianxi , Jia Xiaohong , Lin Qinhao , Zhang Guohua , Ding Xiang , Song Wei , Bi Xinhui , Wang Xinming , Tang Mingjin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Water adsorption and hygroscopicity are among the most important physicochemical properties of aerosol particles, largely determining their impacts on atmospheric chemistry, radiative forcing, and climate. Measurements of water adsorption and hygroscopicity of nonspherical particles under subsaturation conditions are non-trivial because many widely used techniques require the assumption of particle sphericity. In this work we describe a method to directly quantify water adsorption and mass hygroscopic growth of atmospheric particles for temperature in the range of 5–30 °C, using a commercial vapor sorption analyzer. A detailed description of instrumental configuration and experimental procedures, including relative humidity (RH) calibration, are provided first. It is then demonstrated that for (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl, deliquescence relative humidities (DRHs) and mass hygroscopic growth factors measured using this method show good agreements with experimental and/or theoretical data from literature. To illustrate its ability to measure water uptake by particles with low hygroscopicity, we used this instrument to investigate water adsorption by CaSO4 ∙ 2H2O as a function of RH at 25 °C. The mass hygroscopic growth factor of CaSO4 ∙ 2H2O at 95 % RH, relative to that under dry conditions (RH
Depolarization measurements using the CANDAC Rayleigh-Mie-Raman Lidar at Eureka, Canada
Authors: McCullough Emily M. , Sica Robert J. , Drummond James R. , Nott Graeme , Perro Christopher , Thackray Colin P. , Hopper Jason , Doyle Jonathan , Duck Thomas J. , Walker Kaley A.
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) Rayleigh–Mie–Raman Lidar (CRL) at Eureka, Nunavut, has measured tropospheric clouds, aerosols, and water vapour since 2007. In remote and meteorologically significant locations, such as the Canadian High Arctic, the ability to add new measurement capability to an existing well-tested facility is extremely valuable. In 2010, linear depolarization 532 nm measurement hardware was installed in the lidar’s receiver. To reduce its impact on the existing, well-characterized lidar channels, the depolarization hardware was placed near the end of the receiver cascade. The upstream optics already in place were not optimized for preserving the polarization of received light. Calibrations and Mueller matrix calculations were used to determine and mitigate the contribution of these upstream optics on the depolarization measurements. The results show that with appropriate calibration, indications of cloud particle phase (ice vs. water) are now possible to precision within ± 20 % uncertainty at time and altitude resolutions of 5 min × 37.5 m, with higher precision and higher resolution possible in select cases. Monitoring changes in Arctic cloud composition, including particle phase, is essential for a complete understanding of the changing climate locally and globally.
Climate indices for Baltic States from principal component analysis
Authors: Bethere Liga , Sennikovs Juris , Bethers Uldis
Published: April 2017

Abstract. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to derive climate indices that describe the main spatial features of the climate in the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). Monthly mean temperature and total precipitation values derived from the ensemble of bias-corrected regional climate models (RCM) were used. Principal components were derived for years 1961–1990. The first three components describe 92 % of the variance of the initial data and were chosen as climate indices in further analysis. Spatial patterns of these indices and their correlation with the initial variables were analyzed and it was observed that higher values of each index corresponded to: (1) less distinct seasonality, (2) warmer and (3) wetter climate. The loadings from the chosen principal components were then further used to calculate values of the climate indices for years 2071–2100. Overall increase was found for all three indices with minimal changes in their spatial pattern.
Atmospheric teleconnections between the Arctic and the Baltic Sea regions
Authors: Jakobson Liisi , Jakobson Erko , Post Piia , Jaagus Jaak
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The teleconnections between meteorological parameters of the Arctic and the Baltic Sea regions were analysed based on the NCEP-CFSR reanalysis data for 1979–2015. The Baltic Sea region was characterised by meteorological values at a testing point (TP) in Southern Estonia (58 N, 26 E). Temperature and specific humidity at the 1000 hPa level at the TP have a strong negative correlation with the Greenland region during all seasons except summer. The strongest teleconnections between the same parameter at the Baltic Sea region and the Arctic are found in winter, but they are clearly affected by the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index. After removal of the AO index variability, correlations in winter were below ±0.5, while in other seasons there remained regions with strong (|R| > 0.5) correlations. Strong correlations are present between different climate variables at the TP and the Arctic. Temperature and wind speed at the 1000 hPa level in the Baltic Sea region have a significant positive correlation with sea ice concentration in Baffin Bay and in regions between the North Pole and Greenland during all seasons except summer. These teleconnections cannot be explained with the AO index variability. The most permanent lagged correlations in 1000 hPa temperature are in summer at the TP with the Baffin Bay region in the previous spring, winter and even autumn. At every season there are some regions in the Arctic that has strong teleconnections (|R| > 0.5, p
10Be systematics in the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra catchment: the cosmogenic nuclide legacy of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis
Authors: Lupker Maarten , Lavé Jérôme , France-Lanord Christian , Christl Marcus , Bourlès Didier , Carcaillet Julien , Maden Colin , Wieler Rainer , Rahman Mustafizur , Bezbaruah Devojit , Xiaohan Liu
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River drains the eastern part of the Himalayan range, flowing from the Tibetan Plateau through the eastern Himalayan syntaxis and downstream to the Indo-Gangetic floodplain. As such it is a unique natural laboratory to study how denudation and sediment production processes are transferred to river detrital signals. In this study, we present a new 10Be data set to constrain denudation rates across the catchment and to quantify the impact of rapid erosion within the syntaxis region on cosmogenic nuclide budgets and signals. 10Be denudation rates span around two orders of magnitude across the catchments (ranging from 0.03 mm/yr to > 4 mm/yr) and sharply increase as the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra flows across the eastern Himalaya. The increase in denudation rates however occurs ~ 150 km downstream of the Namche Barwa-Gyala Peri massif (NBGPm), an area which has been previously characterized by extremely high erosion and exhumation rates. We suggest that this downstream lag is mainly due to the physical abrasion of coarse grained, low 10Be concentration, landslide material produced within the syntaxis that dilutes the upstream high concentration 10Be flux from the Tibetan Plateau only after abrasion has transferred sediment to the studied sand fraction. A simple abrasion model produces typical lag distances of 50 to 150 km compatible with our observations. Abrasion effects reduce the spatial resolution over which denudation can be constrained in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. In addition, we also highlight that denudation rate estimates are dependent on the sediment connectivity, storage and quartz content of the upstream Tibetan Plateau part of the catchment which tends to lead to an overestimation of downstream denudations rates. Taking these effects into account we estimate a denudation rates of ca. 2 to 5 mm/yr for the entire syntaxis and ca. 4 to 28 mm/yr for the NBGPm, which is significantly higher than other to other large catchments. Overall, 10Be concentrations measured at the outlet of the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra in Bangladesh suggest a sediment flux between 780 and 1430 Mt/yr equivalent to a denudation rate between 0.7 and 1.2 mm/yr for the entire catchment.