bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic stability of an inclined layer heated from below
Authors: Falsaperla Paolo , Giacobbe Andrea , Mulone Giuseppe
Published: September 2017

In this paper we investigate the stability of either the rest state (Bénard problem) or parallel laminar flows in hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics for inclined layers heated from below. In particular, we numerically investigate the linear instability under general three-dimensional perturbations of the basic state, and we also give conditions for the nonlinear stability.

For particular basic states, a linear instability analysis shows that the critical Rayleigh numbers can be obtained for longitudinal perturbations (which can be studied analytically both, in the linear and nonlinear case) or for transversal perturbations depending on the inclination of the layer (and of course also on the velocity of the boundaries and the applied magnetic field).

Remarkable is the presence of points of codimension-two: particular values of the critical Rayleigh numbers obtained for specific angles of inclination for which there exist two equally destabilising perturbations, one longitudinal and the other transversal.
An unbounded family of log Calabi–Yau pairs
Authors: Bini Gilberto , Favale Filippo F.
Published: September 2017

We give an explicit example of log Calabi–Yau pairs that are log canonical and have a linearly decreasing Euler characteristic. This is constructed in terms of a degree two covering of a sequence of blow ups of three dimensional projective bundles over the Segre–Hirzebruch surfaces

\mathbb F_n

for every positive integer

n

big enough.
Effects of atmospheric transport and trade on air pollution mortality in China
Authors: Zhao Hongyan , Li Xin , Zhang Qiang , Jiang Xujia , Lin Jintai , Peters Glen P. , Li Meng , Geng Guannan , Zheng Bo , Huo Hong , Zhang Lin , Wang Haikun , Davis Steven J. , He Kebin
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Air quality is a major environmental concern in China, where premature deaths due to air pollution have exceeded 1 million people per year in recent years. Here, using a novel coupling of economic, physical and epidemiological models, we estimate the premature mortality related to anthropogenic outdoor PM2.5 air pollution in seven regions of China in 2010 and show for the first time how the distribution of these deaths in China is determined by a combination of economic activities and physical transport of pollution in the atmosphere. We find that 33 % (338 600 premature deaths) of China's PM2.5-related premature mortality in 2010 were caused by pollutants emitted in a different region of the country and transported in the atmosphere, especially from north to south and from east to west. Trade further extended the cross-regional impact; 56 % of (568 900 premature deaths) China's PM2.5-related premature mortality was related to consumption in another region, including 423 800 (42 % of total) and 145 100 (14 %) premature deaths from domestic consumption and international trade respectively. Our results indicate that multilateral and multi-stage cooperation under a regional sustainable development framework is in urgent need to mitigate air pollution and related health impacts, and efforts to reduce the health impacts of air pollution in China should be prioritized according to the source and location of emissions, the type and economic value of the emitting activities, and the related patterns of consumption.
Tracing changes in atmospheric moisture supply to the drying Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Chi , Tang Qiuhong , Chen Deliang , Li Laifang , Liu Xingcai , Cui Huijuan
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Precipitation over Southwest China (SWC) significantly decreased during 1979–2013. The months from July to September (JAS) contributed the most to the decrease in precipitation. By tracing moisture sources of JAS precipitation over the SWC region, it is found that most moisture originates in regions from the northern Indian Ocean to SWC and from South China Sea to SWC. The major moisture contributing area is divided into an extended west region, SWC, and an extended east region. The extended west region is mainly influenced by the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) and the westerlies, while the extended east region is mainly influenced by the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The extended west, SWC, and extended east regions contribute 48.2, 15.5, and 24.5 % of the moisture for the SWC precipitation, respectively. Moisture supply from the extended west region decreased at a rate of −7.9 mm month−1 decade−1, whereas that from the extended east increased at a rate of 1.4 mm month−1 decade−1, resulting in an overall decrease in moisture supply. Further analysis reveals that the decline of JAS precipitation is mainly caused by change in the seasonal-mean component rather than the transient component of the moisture transport over the SWC region. In addition, the dynamic processes (i.e., changes in wind) rather than the thermodynamic processes (i.e., changes in specific humidity) are dominant in affecting the seasonal-mean moisture transport. A prevailing easterly anomaly of moisture transport that weakened moisture supply from the Indian Ocean is to a large extent responsible for the precipitation decrease over the SWC region.
Data assimilation for moving mesh methods with an application to ice sheet modelling
Authors: Bonan Bertrand , Nichols Nancy K. , Baines Michael J. , Partridge Dale
Published: September 2017

Abstract. We develop data assimilation techniques for non-linear dynamical systems modelled by moving mesh methods. Such techniques are valuable for explicitly tracking interfaces and boundaries in evolving systems. The unique aspect of these assimilation techniques is that both the states of the system and the positions of the mesh points are updated simultaneously using physical observations. Covariances between states and mesh points are generated either by a correlation structure function in a variational context or by ensemble methods. The application of the techniques is demonstrated on a one-dimensional model of a grounded shallow ice sheet. It is shown, using observations of surface elevation and/or surface ice velocities, that the techniques predict the evolution of the ice sheet margin and the ice thickness accurately and efficiently. This approach also allows the straightforward assimilation of observations of the position of the ice sheet margin.
The density–salinity relation of standard seawater
Authors: Schmidt Hannes , Seitz Steffen , Hassel Egon , Wolf Henning
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The determination of salinity by means of electrical conductivity relies on a constant salt composition in the North Atlantic Ocean, as standard seawater, which is required for salinometer calibration, is produced therefrom. In order to verify the long-term constant composition of standard seawater, it was proposed to perform density measurements on standard seawater, as the seawater density is sensitive to all salt components. Thus, density measurements can detect any change in the composition of seawater. A conversion of the density values to salinity can be performed by means of a density–salinity relation. To use such a relation with a target uncertainty in salinity comparable to that in salinity obtained from conductivity measurements, a density measurement at an uncertainty level of 2 ppm is mandatory. In this article, a new density–salinity relation is presented based on such accurate density measurements. The underlying substitution measurement method is described, density corrections for uniform isotopic and chemical compositions are reported, and the density–salinity relation is presented. The comparison of densities calculated using the new relation with those calculated using the present reference equation of state TEOS-10 suggests that the density accuracy of TEOS-10 and that of some of its underlying density measurements are overestimated. The new density–salinity relation may be used to verify the constant composition of standard seawater by means of routine density measurements.
Wind enhances differential air advection in surface snow at sub-meter scales
Authors: Drake Stephen A. , Selker John S. , Higgins Chad W.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Atmospheric pressure gradients and pressure fluctuations drive within-snow air movement that enhances gas mobility through interstitial pore space. The magnitude of this enhancement in relation to snow microstructure properties cannot be well predicted with current methods. In a set of field experiments, we injected a dilute mixture of 1 % carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen gas (N2) of known volume into the topmost layer of a snowpack and, using a distributed array of thin film sensors, measured plume evolution as a function of wind forcing. We found enhanced dispersion in the streamwise direction and also along low-resistance pathways in the presence of wind. These results suggest that atmospheric constituents contained in snow can be anisotropically mixed depending on the wind environment and snow structure, having implications for surface snow reaction rates and interpretation of firn and ice cores.
Calving relation for tidewater glaciers based on detailed stress field
analysis
Authors: Mercenier Rémy , Lüthi Martin P. , Vieli Andreas
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Ocean terminating glaciers in Arctic regions have undergone rapid dynamic changes in recent years, which have been related to a dramatic increase in calving rates. Iceberg calving is a dynamical process strongly influenced by the geometry at the terminus of tidewater glaciers. We investigate the effect of varying water level, calving front slope and basal sliding on the stress state and flow regime for an idealized grounded ocean-terminating glacier and scale these results with ice thickness and velocity. Results show that water depth and calving front slope strongly affect the stress state while the effect from variations in basal sliding is much smaller. An increased relative water level or a reclining calving front slope strongly decrease the stresses and velocities in the vicinity of the terminus and hence have a stabilizing effect on the calving front. We find that surface stress magnitude and distribution are determined by solely the water depth relative to ice thickness for simple geometries. Based on this scaled relationship for the stress peak at the surface, and assuming a critical stress for damage initiation, we propose a simple and new parametrization for calving rates for grounded tidewater glaciers that is in good agreement with observations.
Some quantum $f$-divergence inequalities for convex functions of self-adjoint operators
Authors: Taghavi Ali , Darvish Vahid , Nazari Haji Mohammad , Dragomir Silvestry Server
Published: September 2017

In this paper, some new inequalities for convex functions of self-adjoint operators are obtained. As applications, we present some inequalities for quantum $f$-divergence of trace class operators in Hilbert Spaces.
Further generalization of the extended Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta functions
Authors: Parmar Rakesh K. , Choi Junesang , Purohit Sunil Dutt
Published: September 2017

Recently various extensions of Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta functions have been investigated. Here, we first introduce a further generalization of the extended Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta functions. Then we investigate certain interesting and (potentially) useful properties, systematically, of the generalization of the extended Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta functions, for example, various integral representations, Mellin transform, generating functions and extended fractional derivatives formulas associated with these extended generalized Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta functions. An application to probability distributions is further considered. Some interesting special cases of our main results are also pointed out.
On a generalization of prime submodules of a module over a commutative ring
Authors: Fazaeli Moghimi Hosein , Zarei Jalal Abadi Batool
Published: September 2017

‎Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity‎, ‎and $n\geq 1$ an integer‎. ‎A proper submodule $N$ of an $R$-module $M$ is called‎ ‎an $n$-prime submodule if whenever $a_1 \cdots a_{n+1}m\in N$ for some non-units $a_1‎, ‎\ldots‎ , ‎a_{n+1}\in R$ and $m\in M$‎, ‎then $m\in N$ or there are $n$ of the $a_i$'s whose product is in $(N:M)$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we study $n$-prime submodules as a generalization of prime submodules‎. ‎Among other results‎, ‎it is shown that if $M$ is a finitely generated faithful multiplication module over a Dedekind domain $R$‎, ‎then every $n$-prime submodule of $M$ has the form $m_1\cdots m_t M$ for some maximal ideals $m_1,\ldots,m_t$ of $R$ with $1\leq t\leq n$‎.
Validación de la versión española: Expectativa y conocimiento recibido del paciente hospitalizado
Authors: Cano-Plans Sara , Lacueva-Pérez Laia , Cabrera-Torres Esther , Zabalegui Adelaida
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: evaluar la validez y la fiabilidad de la versión española del instrumento Expectativas y conocimiento recibido del paciente hospitalizado (ECPH/CRPH) en pacientes con osteoartritis intervenidos de artroplastia total de rodilla. Material y métodos: el proceso de validación siguió las recomendaciones internacionales: validez de contenido, validez de constructo, validez de criterio y fiabilidad. Un total de 248 pacientes que debían intervenirse de artroplastia total de rodilla en 5 hospitales públicos españoles contestaron la ECPH antes de ser hospitalizados y 220 pacientes contestaron el CRPH al darles el alta hospitalaria. Resultados: el análisis factorial confirmó las dimensiones de la escala original para el conocimiento recibido, pero no en la escala para las expectativas. La correlación de las dimensiones de la ECPH con la Escala de Opinión de la Salud de Krantz (KHOS) y la correlación de las dimensiones de la CRPH con la Escala de Acceso a la Información (AKS) indicaron la validez de criterio mostrando unas relaciones positivas. Los resultados señalaron buena fiabilidad con valores de alfa Cronbach elevados. Conclusión: el proceso de validación indica que la versión española del ECPH/CRPH es un instrumento válido y fiable para medir las expectativas y el conocimiento recibido en pacientes quirúrgicos en el contexto español.
Teachers’ Beliefs, Perceived Practice and Actual Classroom Practice in Relation to Traditional (Teacher-Centered) and Constructivist (Learner-Centered) Teaching (Note 1)
Authors: Ersel Kaymakamoglu Sibel
Published: September 2017

This study explored the EFL teachers’ beliefs, perceived practice and actual classroom practice in relation to Traditional (teacher-centered) and Constructivist (learner-centered) teaching in Cyprus Turkish State Secondary Schools context. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews and structured observations were employed with purposively selected participants to gain in-depth understanding about the teachers’ beliefs, their perceived practice and actual classroom practice. The teachers were interviewed to elicit their subjective views about their beliefs and perceived practice regarding the themes, teacher-centered and learner-centered teaching in the context of their instructional practice. The observations were carried some time after the interviews had been completed. The teachers were observed for the purpose of exploring to what extent their beliefs were reflected in their classroom practice. COLT (Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching) Observation Scheme was utilized as the data collection instrument. 10 EFL teachers were purposively selected by criterion sampling as the participants of the investigation. An equal number of experienced male and female teachers who were similar in terms of length of experience were selected for the in-depth interviews and observations on voluntary basis. Findings of the study revealed that regarding teacher-centered and learner-centered teaching, teachers showed some variations in their stated beliefs. The interview data indicated that although the teachers expressed their beliefs in Constructivist learning and teaching, and both Constructivist and Traditional, their perceived practice was Traditional (except one teacher for whom it was both). However, the findings based on the observational data showed that Traditional practice was more frequent than communicative potentially Constructivist practice.
Using a CD45dim/CD123bright/HLA-DRneg Phenotyping Protocol to Gate Basophils in FC for Airway Allergy. CD123 Does Not Decrease
Authors: Chirumbolo Salvatore , Bjørklund Geir , Vella Antonio
Published: September 2017

Physicians in the field of respiratory medicine are particularly concerned about the availability of a reliable diagnostic tool to investigate respiratory allergy. Usually, basophils are easy to obtain from peripheral blood and therefore they represent a reproducible model to assess allergy in individuals. Cell assays called basophil activation tests (BATs) are widespread tools for allergy diagnosis and are easily available in most of the medical labs. The strategy by which basophils are captured in a flow cytometry protocol has met many suggestions, recommendations and experimental novelties in recent years, yet the debate needs to be further expanded. Concerns still remain about the suitability of the many approaches to make the basophil activation test (BAT) an excellent and practical tool to diagnose allergy, while improving its analytical performance. This technical report describes the methodological aspects of the use of the protocol adopting the panel CD45dim/CD123bright/HLA-DRneg to gate basophils in flow cytometry, trying to highlight the main biases related to an incorrect use of this protocol.
Metastasising Leiomyoma of the Uterus with Pulmonary Involvement—Case Report
Authors: Maskey-Warzęchowska Marta , Chojnowska Magdalena , Ptaszyński Konrad , Rubinsztajn Renata , Padzik-Moczydłowska Marzena , Krenke Rafał
Published: September 2017

Benign metastasising leiomyoma (BML) is characterised by extrauterine smooth muscle tumours in women after surgical treatment for uterine leiomyoma. Usually manifested as solitary or multiple focal lesions in various organs, it imposes a scrutinous diagnostic work-up to exclude a malignant disease and requires confirmation in microscopic examination of the extrauterine focus. The authors present a case of a 56-year-old woman with BML manifesting as bilateral multiple pulmonary nodules, with a tentative diagnosis of a disseminated malignant disease of mesenchymal origin. The patient underwent multiple diagnostic tests, which excluded malignancy. The definite diagnosis was established after the microscopic reevaluation of an excised pulmonary nodule. The patient is monitored with chest magnetic resonance. BML should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple pulmonary nodules in asymptomatic women. Patients with BML require long-term monitoring, therefore the selected imaging method should not carry the risk of cumulative side effects.
Dimensões da construção e execução do projeto político pedagógico: um estudo de caso
Authors: Cardoso Júnior Hamilton Matos , Brito Priscilla Fabiane de , Lunas Divina Aparecida Leonel , Sousa Thiago Weslei de Almeida
Published: September 2017

O Projeto Politico Pedagógico (PPP) é uma importante ferramenta, articulada a outras, para a construção da educação de qualidade. Deve englobar a comunidade, os alunos e o corpo de funcionários da escola. Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa realizada em uma escola pública da cidade de Anápolis – Goiás. Seu objetivo é evidenciar como o PPP foi construído e aplicado na prática escolar da instituição. Para a realização deste trabalho, procedeu-se a alguns passos metodológicos, dentre eles: pesquisa bibliográfica; elaboração e aplicação de instrumentos de pesquisa e realização de trabalho de campo. Conclui-se com este estudo que a construção e execução do PPP enfrentam diferentes dificuldades, dentre elas: os prazos estabelecidos pelo Estado para sua elaboração e a dificuldade em despertar o interesse da comunidade escolar para a participação coletiva.
Panorama das pesquisas sobre Seminário Integrado no Ensino Médio Politécnico
Authors: Firme Márcia Von Frühauf , Galiazzi Maria Do Carmo
Published: September 2017

Este artigo objetiva investigar o que se mostra nos estudos desenvolvidos sobre Seminário Integrado. Para esta pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem fenomenológico-hermenêutica foi utilizada a  analise textual discursiva de dissertações  e teses produzidas em cursos de Pós-Graduação no Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2012 a 2016, resultando três categorias: Ensino Médio Politénico: limites e possibilidades; Seminário Integrado: um espaço para a pesquisa e construção da autonomia; Ser professor de Seminário Integrado: espaço para ressignificar a pesquisa em sala de aula e a docência no coletivo. O Seminário Integrado se mostrou uma potência para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa na escola de Educação Básica, sendo um espaço privilegiado nas escolas, de construção coletiva e de produção de conhecimento, mesmo ainda trabalhado isoladamente por alguns professores.
Trabalho docente em sala de aula: interferências externas
Authors: Dalla Vecchia Solange Ana , Carvalho Ademar De Lima
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre as interferências no trabalho docente, no espaço da sala de aula, causadas por agentes externos ao planejamento de ensino. O objetivo é identificar e analisar situações que interferem na prática docente e no desenvolvimento da organização do trabalho pedagógico em sala de aula. A reflexão parte de observações, em sala de aula, das práticas pedagógicas de 05 professoras dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública da rede municipal de Sinop, Mato Grosso. A problemática que se insere nessa análise caracteriza-se por compreender a importância da dinâmica escolar no desenvolvimento das práticas de ensino. A fundamentação teórica, baseada em Libâneo (2001), Franco (2012), Contreras (2002), Imbernón (2002), dentre outros, possibilitou compreender a dinâmica do trabalho pedagógico em sala de aula, bem como a organização e a gestão escolar, na perspectiva de desenvolver um trabalho colaborativo entre os agentes educacionais, para a renovação na e da escola.
Derechos y deberes del paciente transfronterizo: ¿existe un verdadero catálogo transfronterizo en el nuevo espacio común sanitario de la Unión Europea?
Authors: De Montalvo Jääskeläinen Federico
Published: September 2017

Resumen:La aprobación de la Directiva 2011/24/UE, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 9 de marzo de 2011, relativa a la aplicación de los derechos de los pacientes en la asistencia sanitaria transfronteriza, supone un avance importante en la creación de un verdadero espacio común europeo en el ámbito de la protección de la salud y asistencia sanitaria de los ciudadanos comunitarios, cubriéndose, así, uno de los principales déficits que presenta la Unión en el ámbito de los derechos sociales. Sin embargo, tal camino que se inicia con la Directiva esdifícil que pueda desarrollarse con plenas garantías jurídicas si no se acompaña de un catálogo de derechos y deberes de los ciudadanos comunitarios como pacientes y usuarios de dicho nuevo espacio común.Abstract:The adoption of Directive 2011/24 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients’rights in cross-border healthcare represents a major step forward in the development of a genuine Common European space in the area of health protection and health care for Community citizens, thus covering one of the main deficits presented by the Union in the field of social rights. However, such a path that starts with the Directive is difficult to develop with full legal guarantees if it is not accompaniedby a catalog of rights and duties of community citizens as patients and users of the new common space.
Factors influencing seed germination of the pastoral plant Retama raetam subsp. bovei (Fabaceae): interactive effects of fruit morphology, salinity, and osmotic stress
Authors: Mechergui Kaouther , Mahmoudi Hela , Khouja Mohamed Larbi , Jaouadi Wahbi
Published: September 2017

The aim of this work was to study the morphology of retama seeds and the combined effects of salt and water stress on the seeds germination of four Tunisian populations of Retama raetam. Seeds were harvested from Bouhedma National Park, Meknassi, Oueslatia, and Rtiba. In this study we were interested in evaluating different parameters of germination in presence of the salinity and osmotic stress. The results revealed that this species can withstand salinity up to 15 g/l of salt (the germination percentage of the Rtiba population reached 42%) and it can also tolerate severe drought resulted in significant doses of PEG6000 (germination percentage reached 29% to the water potential of –1.6 MPa of Oueslatia population). The morphological traits of the seeds were measured to find a relationship between the size of the seeds and their germination capacity under salinity and osmotic stress. Results have shown that for the correlation between morphological traits of seeds and the germination percentage, the seed weight is a major factor in promoting germination under stress and confirmed that saline water and sprouting inhibition have impact on the small caliber of seeds.
Climate warming caused changes in the bud swelling phenophase of introduced conifer species, considering the aspect of hardiness zones in their natural habitats
Authors: Malakauskienė Asta , Vitas Adomas
Published: September 2017

Background. Changing climatic conditions cause changes in tree phenology, which is important for the survival of species and their spread in local ecosystems. This study concentrated on long-term (1957–2016 or 1980–2016) observations of 11 conifer species introduced to Lithuania with the aim to evaluate the response of their bud swelling phenophase to climate warming, considering the hardiness zones of their natural habitats.
Materials and Methods. Sequences of the start date of the bud swelling phenophase of 11 introduced conifer species (Abies veitchii, Larix decidua, L. kaempferi, L. laricina, L. × marschlinsii, L. sibirica, L. sukaczewii, Picea mariana, Pinus mugo, Taxus baccata and Thuja occidentalis) were analysed. Data were collected from the paper archives of Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University (VMU). Sequences of bud swelling start dates were transformed into sequences of number of days from the beginning of the year.
Results. Results indicated an advance of the bud swelling phenophase of ten conifer species introduced to Lithuania (the speed of changes varied from –0.10 to –0.98 days/year in the 1980–2016 period) and a delay of Larix sukaczewii (respectively, +0.12 days/ year) of the bud swelling phenophase, mainly influenced by the March temperature.
Conclusions. The connection between the observed conifer species hardiness zone of the natural habitat and the reaction of the bud swelling phenophase to climate warming could be observed only when species from one genus were compared. To confirm this phenomenon, a research on a larger amount of introduced species with wider habitat hardiness zone options is needed in future.
Design of a chitosan-based bio-scaffolding for regenerative medicine: compatibility analysis for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Khaghani Seyed Ali (Behruz) , Akbarova Gunay , Dilbazi Gulrukh
Published: September 2017

Background. Evaluation of any material that is utilised for clinical applications is essential in order to ensure that it acquires physical, mechanical and biocompatible properties required for its proposed function. Understanding of the conditions that regulate the mechanical and physical characteristics of a material particularly biopolymers is crucial in the field of cell and tissue engineering. The aim of this work is to assemble some polymers and crosslink with each other using β-glycerophosphate to produce a scaffolding which is suitable for in vitro tissue regeneration.Materials and methods. The experimental procedures in this project involved the culturing of cells in different suspensions containing control, CSG hydrogel, fibronectin, and hydrogel with fibronectin. The aim of the conducted experiment was to find the cell viability and cytotoxicity analysis of CSG hydrogel, and to study how the cells interact with CSG hydrogel as a possible candidate for articular cartilage repair. Another aim of this work was to find out whether the cells can grow and survive in CSG hydrogel for a period of 24 hours. Results and conclusions. The results obtained from series of tests proved that CSG3 has the most optimum properties, as it presented the highest viscosity at 37°C, the highest stability during temperature changes, and an enhanced elastic behaviour at the physiological temperature.
Gabriel Sagard, l’insoumis : archéologie d’une historiographie polémique
Authors: Pioffet Marie-Christine
Published: September 2017

L’enquête se propose de montrer que plusieurs passages de l’Histoire du Canada signée par Gabriel Sagard appartiennent à la littérature polémique. Destiné à réhabiliter les Récollets malmenés par leurs détracteurs jésuites et évincés des missions de la Nouvelle-France, l’ouvrage répond à plusieurs critiques sur la lenteur des conversions. Il blâme notamment les membres des anciennes compagnies commerciales, préoccupés davantage par l’appât du gain que par les progrès de l’évangélisation, pour les insuccès missionnaires de son ordre. Les attaques contre les marchands, désignés de façon impersonnelle comme des « avaricieux », de « gros Messieurs » qui profitent de la misère d’autrui, traduisent une aversion exacerbée et sans nuances pour les riches. Dans ce tableau un peu manichéen, le récollet oppose avec force l’humilité de ses frères franciscains méprisés à la vanité des Jésuites, qui ont pactisé avec les argentiers de la colonie pour exercer leur ministère.
« Qui harangue le mieux est le mieux obey ». La parole « sauvage » dans l’Histoire du Canada de Gabriel Sagard
Authors: Murvai Peter
Published: September 2017

Notre propos est de traiter de l’inscription des discours amérindiens dans l’Histoire du Canadade Gabriel Sagard. Le principal enjeu de cette étude est de fournir une analyse des exemples de ré-énonciation de la parole « sauvage » qui zèbrent le texte du récollet, en prenant en compte leur dimension thématique et pragmatique et en posant la question de leur authenticité. Un autre enjeu de l’analyse vise les rapports entre la maîtrise discursive et le gouvernement des Autochtones.
Antonio Olinto et le négrisme brésilien
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Luiz Henrique
Published: September 2017

Ce travail présente le négrisme dans trois romans d’Antonio Olinto : La Maison d’eau, Le Roi de Ketou et Trono de vidro. Le négrisme brésilien peut être caractérisé à deux niveaux : soit à partir de sa thématique littéraire, soit à partir de l’ensemble des processus mis en oeuvre. Dans cet article, le négrisme est compris comme l’ensemble des processus de représentation de l’univers des Afro-descendants. Olinto valorise l’homme noir et le représente dans sa diversité, rompant ainsi avec les stéréotypes dominants de son temps.
Le roman afro-brésilien, hier et aujourd’hui
Authors: de Assis Duarte Eduardo
Published: September 2017

Cet article propose une incursion critique dans l’archive littéraire afro-brésilienne dans le but de présenter la production romanesque depuis le milieu du xixe siècle. Il aborde des précurseurs célèbres comme Machado de Assis et Lima Barreto, aux côtés de noms moins connus, comme Maria Firmina dos Reis et Moraes Nascimento, et des auteurs contemporains comme Nei Lopes, Paulo Lins et Ana Maria Gonçalves. Il met ainsi en évidence la force créatrice des écrivains afro-descendants dans la littérature brésilienne.
Tierno Monénembo, ou la filiation littéraire
Authors: Tchak Sami
Published: September 2017

Mettant en parallèle deux romans de Tierno Monénembo publiés à vingt ans d’intervalle, Pelourinho (1995) et Les Coqs cubains chantent à minuit (2015), cette contribution montre que, s’il s’agit bien dans les deux cas d’une quête identitaire, celle-ci n’est pas tant à la recherche d’une filiation réelle, sanguine si l’on veut, que d’une filiation littéraire entre une littérature africaine qui s’affirme et ses deux grandes aînées afro-américaines, les littératures du Brésil et de Cuba.
Écrivains voyageurs français du 20e siècle au Brésil
Authors: Delas Daniel
Published: September 2017

Sont évoqués en face à face les deux principaux écrivains français fervents admirateurs du Brésil, Blaise Cendrars, défenseur des Indiens et du métissage, et Benjamin Péret, avocat des noirs rebelles.
Césaire et le Brésil
Authors: Delas Daniel
Published: September 2017

Les deux grands voyages américains de Césaire l’ont mené en Haïti en 1944 et au Brésil en 1963. Ces voyages sont connectés à l’intégration de la culture afro-américaine du Sud, en particulier du vaudou et du candomble, dans sa poétique, celle de sa poésie comme celle de son théâtre. Trois poèmes sont étudiés de ce point de vue : « Batouque », « Lettre de Bahia-de-tous-les-saints » et « Mot macumba ».
To err is human, to correct is public health: a systematic review examining poor quality testing and misdiagnosis of HIV status
Authors: Johnson Cheryl C. , Fonner Virginia , Sands Anita , Ford Nathan , Obermeyer Carla Mahklouf , Tsui Sharon , Wong Vincent , Baggaley Rachel
Published: September 2017

Introduction: In accordance with global testing and treatment targets, many countries are seeking ways to reach the “90‐90‐90” goals, starting with diagnosing 90% of all people with HIV. Quality HIV testing services are needed to enable people with HIV to be diagnosed and linked to treatment as early as possible. It is essential that opportunities to reach people with undiagnosed HIV are not missed, diagnoses are correct and HIV‐negative individuals are not inadvertently initiated on life‐long treatment. We conducted this systematic review to assess the magnitude of misdiagnosis and to describe poor HIV testing practices using rapid diagnostic tests.

Methods: We systematically searched peer‐reviewed articles, abstracts and grey literature published from 1 January 1990 to 19 April 2017. Studies were included if they used at least two rapid diagnostic tests and reported on HIV misdiagnosis, factors related to potential misdiagnosis or described quality issues and errors related to HIV testing.

Results: Sixty‐four studies were included in this review. A small proportion of false positive (median 3.1%, interquartile range (IQR): 0.4‐5.2%) and false negative (median: 0.4%, IQR: 0‐3.9%) diagnoses were identified. Suboptimal testing strategies were the most common factor in studies reporting misdiagnoses, particularly false positive diagnoses due to using a “tiebreaker” test to resolve discrepant test results. A substantial proportion of false negative diagnoses were related to retesting among people on antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusions: HIV testing errors and poor practices, particularly those resulting in false positive or false negative diagnoses, do occur but are preventable. Efforts to accelerate HIV diagnosis and linkage to treatment should be complemented by efforts to improve the quality of HIV testing services and strengthen the quality management systems, particularly the use of validated testing algorithms and strategies, retesting people diagnosed with HIV before initiating treatment and providing clear messages to people with HIV on treatment on the risk of a “false negative” test result.
Misdiagnosed HIV infection in pregnant women initiating universal ART in South Africa
Authors: Hsiao Nei‐Yuan , Zerbe Allison , Phillips Tamsin K. , Myer Landon , Abrams Elaine J.
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the primary diagnostic tools for HIV used in resource‐constrained settings. Without a proper confirmation algorithm, there is concern that false‐positive (FP) RDTs could result in misdiagnosis of HIV infection and inappropriate antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation, but programmatic data on FP are few.

Methods: We examined the accuracy of RDT diagnosis among HIV‐infected pregnant women attending public sector antenatal services in Cape Town, South Africa. We describe the proportion of women found to have started on ART erroneously due to FP RDT results based on pre‐ART viral load (VL) testing and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: We analysed 952 consecutively enrolled pregnant women diagnosed as HIV infected based on two RDTs per local guideline and found 4.5% (43/952) of pre‐ART VL results to be <50 copies/ml. After excluding 6 women who had detectable virus on subsequent VL measurements, ELISA was performed on the 37 remaining women. Of these, 3/952 (0.3%) HIV RDT diagnoses were found to be FP. We estimate that using ELISA to confirm all positive RDTs would cost $1110 (uncertainty interval $381–$5382) to identify one patient erroneously initiated on ART, while it costs $3912 for a lifetime of antiretrovirals with VL monitoring for one person.

Conclusions: Compared to the cost of confirming the RDT‐based diagnoses, the cost of HIV misdiagnosis is high. While testing programmes based on RDT should strive for constant quality improvement, where resources permit, laboratory confirmation algorithms can play an important role in strengthening the quality of HIV diagnosis in the era of universal ART.
C. elegans avoids toxin-producing Streptomyces using a seven transmembrane domain chemosensory receptor
Authors: Tran Alan , Tang Angelina , O'Loughlin Colleen T , Balistreri Anthony , Chang Eric , Coto Villa Doris , Li Joy , Varshney Aruna , Jimenez Vanessa , Pyle Jacqueline , Tsujimoto Bryan , Wellbrook Christopher , Vargas Christopher , Duong Alex , Ali Nebat , Matthews Sarah Y , Levinson Samantha , Woldemariam Sarah , Khuri Sami , Bremer Martina , Eggers Daryl K , L'Etoile Noelle , Miller Conrad Laura C , VanHoven Miri K
Published: September 2017

Predators and prey co-evolve, each maximizing their own fitness, but the effects of predator–prey interactions on cellular and molecular machinery are poorly understood. Here, we study this process using the predator Caenorhabditis elegans and the bacterial prey Streptomyces, which have evolved a powerful defense: the production of nematicides. We demonstrate that upon exposure to Streptomyces at their head or tail, nematodes display an escape response that is mediated by bacterially produced cues. Avoidance requires a predicted G-protein-coupled receptor, SRB-6, which is expressed in five types of amphid and phasmid chemosensory neurons. We establish that species of Streptomyces secrete dodecanoic acid, which is sensed by SRB-6. This behavioral adaptation represents an important strategy for the nematode, which utilizes specialized sensory organs and a chemoreceptor that is tuned to recognize the bacteria. These findings provide a window into the molecules and organs used in the coevolutionary arms race between predator and potential prey.
The Delayed Time Response of Geomagnetic Activity to the Solar Wind
Authors: Maggiolo R. , Hamrin M. , De Keyser J. , Pitkänen T. , Cessateur G. , Gunell H. , Maes L.
Published: September 2017

We investigate the lagged correlation between a selection of geomagnetic indices and solar wind parameters for a complete solar cycle, from 2000 to 2011. We first discuss the mathematical assumptions required for such a correlation analysis. The solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices have inherent timescales that smooth the variations of the correlation coefficients with time lag. Furthermore, the solar wind structure associated with corotating interaction regions and coronal mass ejections, and the compression regions ahead of them, strongly impacts the lagged correlation analysis results. This work shows that such bias must be taken into account in a correct interpretation of correlations. We then evidence that the magnetospheric response time to solar wind parameters involves multiple timescales. The simultaneous and quick response of the PC and AE indices to solar wind dynamic pressure with a delay of ~5 min suggests that magnetospheric compression by solar wind can trigger substorm activity. We find that the PC and AE indices respond to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BZ with a response time of respectively ~20 and ~35 min. The response of the SYM‐H index takes longer (~80 min) and is less sharp, SYM‐H being statistically significantly correlated to the IMF BZ observed up to more than ~10 h before. Our results suggest that the solar wind velocity's dominant impact on geomagnetic activity is caused by the compression regions at the interface of fast/slow solar wind regimes, which are very geo‐effective as they are associated with high solar wind pressure and strong interplanetary magnetic field.
Impact Characteristics of Different Rocks in a Pulsed Laser Irradiation Experiment: Simulation of Micrometeorite Bombardment on the Moon
Authors: Wu Yanxue , Li Xiongyao , Yao Wenqing , Wang Shijie
Published: September 2017

Without the protection of the atmosphere, the soils on lunar surfaces undergo a series of optical, physical, and chemical changes during micrometeorite bombardment. To simulate the micrometeorite bombardment process and analyze the impact characteristics, four types of rocks, including terrestrial basalt and anorthosite supposed to represent lunar rock, an H‐type chondrite (the Huaxi ordinary chondrite), and an iron meteorite (the Gebel Kamil iron meteorite) supposed to represent micrometeorite impactors, are irradiated by a nanosecond pulse laser in a high vacuum chamber. Based on laser irradiation experiments, the laser pits are found to be of different shapes and sizes which vary with the rock type. Many melt and vapor deposits are found on the mineral surfaces of all the samples, and nanophase iron (npFe) or Fe‐Ni alloy particles are typically distributed on the surfaces of ilmenite, kamacite, or other minerals near kamacite. By analyzing the focused ion beam ultrathin slices of laser pits with a transmission electron microscope, the results show that the subsurface structures can be divided into three classes and that npFe can be easily found in Fe‐bearing minerals. These differences in impact characteristics will help determine the source material of npFe and infer the type of micrometeorite impactors. During micrometeorite bombardment, in the mare regions, the npFe are probably produced simultaneously from lunar basalt and micrometeorites with iron‐rich minerals, while the npFe in the highlands regions mainly come from micrometeorites.
Dislocation Interactions in Olivine Revealed by HR‐EBSD
Authors: Wallis David , Hansen Lars N. , Britton T. Ben , Wilkinson Angus J.
Published: September 2017

Interactions between dislocations potentially provide a control on strain rates produced by dislocation motion during creep of rocks at high temperatures. However, it has been difficult to establish the dominant types of interactions and their influence on the rheological properties of creeping rocks due to a lack of suitable observational techniques. We apply high‐angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction to map geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density, elastic strain, and residual stress in experimentally deformed single crystals of olivine. Short‐range interactions are revealed by cross correlation of GND density maps. Spatial correlations between dislocation types indicate that noncollinear interactions may impede motion of proximal dislocations at temperatures of 1000°C and 1200°C. Long‐range interactions are revealed by autocorrelation of GND density maps. These analyses reveal periodic variations in GND density and sign, with characteristic length scales on the order of 1–10 μm. These structures are spatially associated with variations in elastic strain and residual stress on the order of 10−3 and 100 MPa, respectively. Therefore, short‐range interactions generate local accumulations of dislocations, leading to heterogeneous internal stress fields that influence dislocation motion over longer length scales. The impacts of these short‐ and/or long‐range interactions on dislocation velocities may therefore influence the strain rate of the bulk material and are an important consideration for future models of dislocation‐mediated deformation mechanisms in olivine. Establishing the types and impacts of dislocation interactions that occur across a range of laboratory and natural deformation conditions will help to establish the reliability of extrapolating laboratory‐derived flow laws to real Earth conditions.
Simulated Diurnal Cycles and Seasonal Variability of Low‐Level Jets in the Boundary Layer over Complex Terrain on the Coast of Southeast China
Authors: Shao Min , Wang Qin Geng , Xu Jianjun
Published: September 2017

The thermal and dynamical causes of boundary layer low‐level jets (LLJs) over the southeast coast of China (a very complex terrain) are explored using a very high resolution diagnostic model California Meteorological (CALMET) along with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF‐ARW) model, combined with observations. Both diurnal and seasonal variations in LLJs are investigated using simulations during two observational periods and four months in 2011. Two configurations, with different vertical and horizontal resolutions, are compared. The results show that the use of higher vertical and horizontal resolutions (including land cover/use) in the diagnostic model CALMET leads to large improvements in simulating boundary layer LLJs over complex terrain as compared with using lower vertical and horizontal resolutions in both WRF‐ARW and CALMET models. The simulations using the diagnostic model CALMET better reproduced the observations, in that both LLJ events occur in the night (nocturnal LLJs) and in the afternoon (afternoon LLJs) are noticed. Compared to the nocturnal LLJs, the afternoon LLJs have larger wind speeds and occur at lower heights. The afternoon LLJ characteristics are closely associated with local thermodynamic circulations including the mountain‐valley breeze and land‐ocean breeze, which are regulated by the thermal contrasts between the ocean and mountains, and diurnal cycle of boundary layer friction. A comprehensive analysis of an afternoon LLJ and nocturnal LLJ indicates that there are large differences in wind field, vertical motions, and water vapor distributions between them. The local thermodynamic circulations also strongly affect vertical motions; even under a relatively stable atmosphere, the vertical motions during LLJs are stronger than the monthly average. Afternoon LLJ events, associated with the southeasterly land‐ocean breeze in summer, occur more frequently than in winter; in contrast, nocturnal LLJ events occur in summer less frequently than in winter. The seasonal variation analysis shows that land‐ocean breezes have significant effects on the wind speed, wind direction, and heights of the afternoon LLJs; local thermal contrast forcing is believed to be the main factor that affects the LLJs during the daytime especially in warm seasons.