bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanics Impact on Deck and Thermal Analysis of Gas Jet
Authors: Deng Jia , Bi Shi Hua , Chen Zhen
Published: July 2014

When the missiles which were located along ship broadsides were firing, high-temperature and high-pressure jet gas was generated. Because of the limit space of ship, gas jet impact on the deck and hull. It’s very important to avoid or mitigate the influence. This article simulates the jet gas’s impact and ablation on hull and deck and then calculates heat transfer effects on deck. The result can offer certain reference data to optimal design and protection of deck.
Applied Technology in Unstructured Road Detection with Road Environment Based on SIFT-HARRIS
Authors: Wang Yan Qing , Liang Biao , Zhuang Lu Lu
Published: July 2014

This paper proposed a method of Optical flow detection on SIFT-Harris for monovision that aims to solve the problem of gray inconsistency in certain region on actual road. It adopts the optical flow for the region of interest so that we can judge whether the object is an obstacle or not. The layered structure for the scale invariant features and corner features is set up to detect the obstacles in time in road region and meets the requirement of real-time visual navigation for the intelligent vehicle.
Research on Applied Technology with Optimization Methodology of Bottom Dead Center Accuracy Evaluation
Authors: Yao Qiu Shui , Li Guo Ping
Published: July 2014

Bottom dead center (BDC) is an important performance index of press,but how to precisely evaluate the accuracy of BDC is a technical problem faced by the press industry. Based on fuzzy judgment method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation index to analyze and evaluate the position of the BDC accuracy.Evaluation step is a system operated by selecting evaluation factors and building evaluation set to determine the comparison matrix, to calculate the weight of each factor, and to establish fuzzy evaluation matrix, and through comprehensive evaluation model to judge the BDC accuracy level. It shows that this evaluation method can effectively evaluate the accuracy of press.
Research on Applied-Information Technology in Digital Speech Based on LMD Algorithm
Authors: He Dong Kang , Xu You Cai , Li Xin Shi , Tao Ran , Guo Shu , Gou Min , Li Kun
Published: July 2014

As a new nonlinear and non-stationary signal analysis method,local mean decomposition (LMD) has a good adaptability. We decompose the original non-stationary acceleration vibration signals into several stationary production function (PF).But performing LMD will produce end effects which make results distorted. A hidden Markov model (HMM)-based speech recognition system for Chinese spell.After analyzing reasons for end effects of LMD in detail,a new method based on weighted matching similar waveform was proposed.Experiments in speech recognition to the production function as the training model, the more traditional identification method to identify higher rates. LMD is an effective method. It is feasible to extract the feature from speech signals with LMD.
Eutecticum Morphology in Al-Si Alloys
Authors: Pasko Ján , Gaspar Stefan
Published: July 2014

The structure of casting silumins (Al-Si alloys) contains a big share of eutecticum (40-75%) which, as mentioned afore, enhance fluidity and decrease tendency towards formation of clefts and microporosity. Due to this fact the properties of α - phase on one hand as well as quantity, morphology, size, and distribution of eutectic silicium on the other hand are the most significant factors influencing mechanical properties of the casting.
A Novel Murine Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Vector Protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Beverley Peter C. L. , Ruzsics Zsolt , Hey Ariann , Hutchings Claire , Boos Simone , Bolinger Beatrice , Marchi Emanuele , O'Hara Geraldine , Klenerman Paul , Koszinowski Ulrich H. , Tchilian Elma Z.
Published: July 2014

Tuberculosis remains a global health problem so that a more effective vaccine than bacillus Calmette–Guérin is urgently needed. Cytomegaloviruses persist lifelong in vivo and induce powerful immune and increasing (“inflationary”) responses, making them attractive vaccine vectors. We have used an m1–m16-deleted recombinant murine CMV (MCMV) expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag 85A to show that infection of mice with this recombinant significantly reduces the mycobacterial load after challenge with M. tuberculosis, whereas control empty virus has a lesser effect. Both viruses induce immune responses to H-2d–restricted epitopes of MCMV pp89 and M18 Ags characteristic of infection with other MCMVs. A low frequency of 85A-specific memory cells could be revealed by in vivo or in vitro boosting or after challenge with M. tuberculosis. Kinetic analysis of M. tuberculosis growth in the lungs of CMV-infected mice shows early inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth abolished by treatment with NK-depleting anti–asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide Ab. Microarray analysis of the lungs of naive and CMV-infected mice shows increased IL-21 mRNA in infected mice, whereas in vitro NK assays indicate increased levels of NK activity. These data indicate that activation of NK cells by MCMV provides early nonspecific protection against M. tuberculosis, potentiated by a weak 85A-specific T cell response, and they reinforce the view that the innate immune system plays an important role in both natural and vaccine-induced protection against M. tuberculosis.
IFN-α Exerts Opposing Effects on Activation-Induced and IL-7–Induced Proliferation of T Cells That May Impair Homeostatic Maintenance of CD4+ T Cell Numbers in Treated HIV Infection
Authors: Cha Lilian , de Jong Emma , French Martyn A. , Fernandez Sonia
Published: July 2014

To determine whether IFN-α is a cause of the T cell hyperactivation and IL-7 signaling pathway defects that are observed in some HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy, we have investigated the effect of IFN-α on the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from healthy donors (n = 30) and treated HIV+ donors (n = 20). PBMC were cultured for 7 d with staphylococcal enterotoxin B or IL-7 in the absence or presence of 100 U/ml IFN-α8. Total and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were assessed for proliferation (via Ki67 expression), CD127 expression, and phosphorylated STAT5 levels using flow cytometry. IFN-α significantly enhanced activation-induced proliferation (via staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulation) but inhibited homeostatic proliferation (IL-7 induced) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Both of these effects may adversely affect CD4+ T cell homeostasis in HIV patients. CD127 expression was increased in both healthy and HIV+ donors following culture with IFN-α8, and levels of IL-7–induced phosphorylated STAT5 were increased by IFN-α8 in healthy donors only. Hence, the inhibitory effects of IFN-α on IL-7–induced proliferation of CD4+ T cells are unlikely to be mediated by downregulation of CD127 expression or inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation. These data suggest that increased IFN-α activity may promote the loss of T cells by accelerating cell turnover and activation-induced cell death while decreasing the renewal of T cells by inhibiting the proliferative effect of IL-7.
Leishmania Promastigotes Induce Cytokine Secretion in Macrophages through the Degradation of Synaptotagmin XI
Authors: Arango Duque Guillermo , Fukuda Mitsunori , Turco Salvatore J. , Stäger Simona , Descoteaux Albert
Published: July 2014

Synaptotagmins (Syts) are type-I membrane proteins that regulate vesicle docking and fusion in processes such as exocytosis and phagocytosis. We recently discovered that Syt XI is a recycling endosome- and lysosome-associated protein that negatively regulates the secretion of TNF and IL-6. In this study, we show that Syt XI is directly degraded by the zinc metalloprotease GP63 and excluded from Leishmania parasitophorous vacuoles by the promastigotes surface glycolipid lipophosphoglycan. Infected macrophages were found to release TNF and IL-6 in a GP63-dependent manner. To demonstrate that cytokine release was dependent on GP63-mediated degradation of Syt XI, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Syt XI before infection revealed that the effects of small interfering RNA knockdown and GP63 degradation were not cumulative. In mice, i.p. injection of GP63-expressing parasites led to an increase in TNF and IL-6 secretion and to an augmented influx of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes to the inoculation site. Both of these cell types have been shown to be infection targets and aid in the establishment of infection. In sum, our data revealed that GP63 induces proinflammatory cytokine release and increases infiltration of inflammatory phagocytes. This study provides new insight on how Leishmania exploits the immune response to establish infection.
Two Functionally Distinct Subsets of Mast Cells Discriminated By IL-2–Independent CD25 Activities
Authors: Deho’ Lorenzo , Leoni Cristina , Brodie Tess M. , Montagner Sara , De Simone Marco , Polletti Sara , Barozzi Iros , Natoli Gioacchino , Monticelli Silvia
Published: July 2014

We identified two mast cell subsets characterized by the differential expression of surface CD25 (IL-2Rα) and by different abilities to produce cytokines and to proliferate, both in vitro and in vivo. CD25 can be expressed on the surface of immune cells in the absence of the other chains of the IL-2R, which are indispensable for IL-2 signaling. We show that functional differences between the two mast cell populations were dependent on CD25 itself, which directly modulated proliferation and cytokine responses. These effects were completely independent from IL-2 or the expression of the other chains of the high-affinity IL-2R, indicating an autonomous and previously unappreciated role for CD25 in regulating cell functions. Cells genetically ablated for CD25 completely recapitulated the CD25-negative phenotype and never acquired the properties characteristic of CD25-positive mast cells. Finally, adoptive transfer experiments in the mouse demonstrated a different impact of these populations in models of anaphylaxis and contact sensitivity. Our findings indicate a general role for CD25 in contexts where IL-2 signaling is not involved, and may have important implications for all mast cell-related diseases, as well as in all cell types expressing CD25 independently of its IL-2–related functions.
Collaboration between a Soluble C-Type Lectin and Calreticulin Facilitates White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Shrimp
Authors: Wang Xian-Wei , Xu Yi-Hui , Xu Ji-Dong , Zhao Xiao-Fan , Wang Jin-Xing
Published: July 2014

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) mainly infects crustaceans through the digestive tract. Whether C-type lectins (CLs), which are important receptors for many viruses, participate in WSSV infection in the shrimp stomach remains unknown. In this study, we orally infected kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus to model the natural transmission of WSSV and identified a CL (designated as M. japonicus stomach virus–associated CL [MjsvCL]) that was significantly induced by virus infection in the stomach. Knockdown of MjsvCL expression by RNA interference suppressed the virus replication, whereas exogenous MjsvCL enhanced it. Further analysis by GST pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation showed that MjsvCL could bind to viral protein 28, the most abundant and functionally relevant envelope protein of WSSV. Furthermore, cell-surface calreticulin was identified as a receptor of MjsvCL, and the interaction between these proteins was a determinant for the viral infection–promoting activity of MjsvCL. The MjsvCL–calreticulin pathway facilitated virus entry likely in a cholesterol-dependent manner. This study provides insights into a mechanism by which soluble CLs capture and present virions to the cell-surface receptor to facilitate viral infection.
IL-2–Inducible T Cell Kinase Tunes T Regulatory Cell Development and Is Required for Suppressive Function
Authors: Huang Weishan , Jeong Ah-Reum , Kannan Arun K. , Huang Lu , August Avery
Published: July 2014

IL-2–inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is a key signaling mediator downstream of TCR, mediating T cell positive selection, as well as innate T cell and CD4+ Th2/Th17 differentiation. In this article, we show that ITK also negatively tunes IL-2–induced expansion of conventional Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs). In vivo, Treg abundance is inversely correlated with ITK expression, and inducible Treg development is inversely dependent on ITK kinase activity. While Treg development normally requires both hematopoietic and thymic MHC class 2 (MHC2) expression, the absence of ITK allows Treg development with MHC2 expression in either compartment, with preference for selection by thymic MHC2, suggesting a gatekeeper role for ITK in ensuring that only Tregs selected by both thymic and hematopoietic MHC2 survive selection. Although ITK suppresses Treg development and is not required for maintenance of neuropilin-1–positive natural Tregs in the periphery, it is indispensable for Treg functional suppression of naive CD4+ T cell–induced colitis in Rag−/− recipients. ITK thus regulates the development and function of Tregs.
Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Risk of Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Oduor Cliff I. , Chelimo Kiprotich , Ouma Collins , Mulama David H. , Foley Joslyn , Vulule John , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Moormann Ann M.
Published: July 2014

Overexpression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) may facilitate tumorigenesis by providing a permissive cytokine milieu. Promoter polymorphisms influence interindividual differences in cytokine production. We hypothesized that children genetically predisposed for elevated cytokine levels may be more susceptible to eBL. Using case-control samples from western Kenya consisting of 117 eBL cases and 88 ethnically matched healthy controls, we tested for the association between eBL risk and IL-10 (rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872) and IL-6 (rs1800795) promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as IL-10 promoter haplotypes. In addition, the association between these variants and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) load was examined. Results showed that selected IL-10 and IL-6 promoter SNPs and IL-10 promoter haplotypes were not associated with risk eBL or EBV levels in EBV-seropositive children. Findings from this study reveal that common variants within the IL-10 and IL-6 promoters do not independently increase eBL risk in this vulnerable population.
3-D model simulations of dynamical and microphysical interactions in pyroconvective clouds under idealized conditions
Authors: Reutter P. , Trentmann J. , Seifert A. , Neis P. , Su H. , Chang D. , Herzog M. , Wernli H. , Andreae M. O. , Pöschl U.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Dynamical and microphysical processes in pyroconvective clouds in mid-latitude conditions are investigated using idealized three-dimensional simulations with the Active Tracer High resolution Atmospheric Model (ATHAM). A state-of-the-art two-moment microphysical scheme building upon a realistic parameterization of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activation has been implemented in order to study the influence of aerosol concentration on cloud development. The results show that aerosol concentration influences the formation of precipitation. For low aerosol concentrations (NCN = 200 cm−3), rain droplets are rapidly formed by autoconversion of cloud droplets. This also triggers the formation of large graupel and hail particles, resulting in an early onset of precipitation. With increasing aerosol concentration (NCN = 1000 cm−3 and NCN = 20 000 cm−3) the formation of rain droplets is delayed due to more but smaller cloud droplets. Therefore, the formation of ice crystals and snowflakes becomes more important for the eventual formation of graupel and hail, which is delayed at higher aerosol concentrations. This results in a delay of the onset of precipitation and a reduction of its intensity with increasing aerosol concentration. This study is the first detailed investigation of the interaction between cloud microphysics and the dynamics of a pyroconvective cloud using the combination of a high-resolution atmospheric model and a detailed microphysical scheme.
Characterization of particulate matter emissions from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles using a soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer
Authors: Dallmann T. R. , Onasch T. B. , Kirchstetter T. W. , Worton D. R. , Fortner E. C. , Herndon S. C. , Wood E. C. , Franklin J. P. , Worsnop D. R. , Goldstein A. H. , Harley R. A.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) emissions were measured in July 2010 from on-road motor vehicles driving through a highway tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area. A soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was used to measure the chemical composition of PM emitted by gasoline and diesel vehicles at high time resolution. Organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured during various time periods that had different levels of diesel influence, as well as directly in the exhaust plumes of individual heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. BC emission factor distributions for HD trucks were more skewed than OA distributions (N = 293), with the highest 10% of trucks accounting for 56 and 42% of total measured BC and OA emissions, respectively. OA mass spectra measured for HD truck exhaust plumes show cycloalkanes are predominate in exhaust OA emissions relative to saturated alkanes (i.e., normal and iso-paraffins), suggesting that lubricating oil rather than fuel is the dominant source of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions in diesel vehicle exhaust. This finding is supported by the detection of trace elements such as zinc and phosphorus in the exhaust plumes of individual trucks. Trace elements were emitted relative to total OA at levels that are consistent with typical weight fractions of commonly used additives present in lubricating oil. A comparison of measured OA and BC mass spectra across various sampling periods revealed a high degree of similarity in OA and BC emitted by gasoline and diesel engines. This finding indicates a large fraction of OA in gasoline exhaust is lubricant-derived as well. The similarity in OA and BC mass spectra for gasoline and diesel engine exhaust is likely to confound ambient source apportionment efforts to determine contributions to air pollution from these two important sources.
Probing the fate of soil-derived core and intact polar GDGTs in aquatic environments
Authors: Peterse F. , Moy C. M. , Eglinton T. I.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. We have performed incubation experiments in order to examine the fate of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) membrane lipids upon entering an aquatic environment and to asses the suitability of brGDGTs as tracers for fluvial land-sea transport of soil organic carbon. We incubated a soil from the Rakaia River catchment on the South Island of New Zealand using Rakaia River water and ocean water collected near the river mouth as inocula for a period of up to 152 days. The concentrations of brGDGTs derived from intact polar ("living"; IPL) lipids and core ("fossil"; CL) lipids remained stable over the course of the experiment, suggesting an absence of significant brGDGT production or degradation. Moreover, the lack of change in brGDGT distribution during the experiment implies that the initial soil signature remains unaltered during transport through the aquatic environment, at least over the time frame of the experiment. In contrast, the total pool of isoprenoid GDGTs (isoGDGTs), currently attributed to soil Thaumachaeota, increased substantially (27–72%) in all incubation setups by the end of the experiment. As a consequence, a decrease in Branched and Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index values – a proxy for the relative input of fluvially discharged soil material into a marine system – became evident after an incubation period of 30 days, with a maximum final decrease of 0.88 to 0.74 in the experiment with river water. The relative distribution within the isoGDGT pool shows changes with time, suggesting different membrane adaptation rates to the aquatic environment, or a shift in source organism(s). While the stability of soil brGDGTs in aquatic environments reinforces their potential as tracers for land-sea transport of soil organic carbon and their use in paleoclimate reconstructions, the distributional differences between GDGTs in river water and nearby soil indicate that further research is needed to pinpoint the sources of GDGTs that are ultimately discharged to the oceans and are subsequently archived in continental margin sediments.
Dynamic model evaluation for secondary inorganic aerosol and its precursors over Europe between 1990 and 2009
Authors: Banzhaf S. , Schaap M. , Kranenburg R. , Manders A. M. M. , Segers A. J. , Visschedijk A. H. J. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Kuenen J. J. P. , van Meijgaard E. , van Ulft L. H. , Cofala J. , Builtjes P. J. H.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In this study we present a dynamic model evaluation of the chemistry transport model LOTOS-EUROS to analyse the ability of the model to reproduce observed non-linear responses to emission changes and interannual variability of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) and its precursors over Europe from 1990 to 2009. The 20 year simulation was performed using a consistent set of meteorological data provided by the regional climate model RACMO2. Observations at European rural background sites have been used as reference for the model evaluation. To ensure the consistency of the used observational data stringent selection criteria were applied including a comprehensive visual screening to remove suspicious data from the analysis. The LOTOS-EUROS model was able to capture a large part of the day-to-day, seasonal and interannual variability of SIA and its precursors' concentrations. The dynamic evaluation has shown that the model is able to simulate the declining trends observed for all considered sulphur and nitrogen components following the implementation of emission abatement strategies for SIA precursors over Europe. Both, the observations and the model show the largest part of the decline in the 1990's while smaller concentration changes and an increasing number of non-significant trends are observed and modelled between 2000–2009. Furthermore, the results confirm former studies showing that the observed trends in sulphate and total nitrate concentrations from 1990 to 2009 are significantly lower than the trends in precursor emissions and precursor concentrations. The model captured these non-linear responses to the emission changes well. Using the LOTOS-EUROS source apportionment module trends in formation efficiency of SIA have been quantified for four European regions. The exercise has revealed a 20–50% more efficient sulphate formation in 2009 compared to 1990 and an up to 20% more efficient nitrate formation per unit nitrogen oxide emission, which added to the explanation of the non-linear responses. However, we have also identified some weaknesses to the model and the input data. LOTOS-EUROS underestimates the observed nitrogen dioxide concentrations throughout the whole time period, while it overestimates the observed nitrogen dioxide concentration trends. Moreover, model results suggest that the emission information of the early 1990's used in this study needs to be improved concerning magnitude and spatial distribution.
Polarimetric radar observations during an orographic rain event and the performance of a hydrometeor classification scheme
Authors: Frech M. , Steinert J.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. An intense orographic precipitation event is analysed using two polarimetric C-Band radars situated north of the Alps on 5 January 2013. One radar is operated at DWD's meteorological observatory Hohenpeißenberg (MHP, 1006 m a.s.l. – above sea level) and the Memmingen (MEM, 65 km west of MHP, 600 m a.s.l.) radar is part of DWD's operational radar network. The event lasted about 1.5 days and in total 44 mm precipitation was measured at Hohenpeißenberg. Detailed high resolution observation on the vertical structure of this event is obtained through a birdbath scan at 90° elevation which is part of the operational scanning. This scan is acquired every 5 min and provides meteorological profiles at high spatial resolution. In the course of this event, the melting layer (ML) descends until the transition from rain into snow is observed at ground level. This transition from rain into snow is well documented by local weather observers and a present-weather sensor. The orographic precipitation event reveals mesoscale variability above the melting layer which is unexpected from a meteorological point of view. It corresponds to a substantial increase in rain rate at the surface. The performance of the newly developed hydrometeor classification scheme "Hymec" using Memmingen radar data over Hohenpeißenberg is analyzed. The detection in location and timing of the ML agrees well with the Hohenpeißenberg radar data. Considering the size of the Memmingen radar sensing volume, the detected hydrometeor (HM) types are consistent for measurements at or in a ML, even though surface observation indicate for example rain whereas the predominant HM is classified as wet snow. To better link the HM classification with the surface observation, either better thermodynamic input is needed for Hymec or a statistical correction of the HM classification similar to a model output statistics (MOS) approach may be needed.
On the characteristics of sea ice divergence/convergence in the Southern Beaufort Sea
Authors: Lukovich J. V. , Babb D. G. , Galley R. J. , Raddatz R. L. , Barber D. G.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. An understanding of spatial gradients in sea ice motion, or deformation, is essential to understanding of ocean-sea-ice-atmosphere interactions and realistic representations of sea ice in models used for the purposes of prediction. This is particularly true for the southern Beaufort Sea, where significant offshore hydrocarbon resource development increases the risk of oil and other contaminants dispersing into the marginal ice zone. In this study, sea ice deformation is examined through evaluation of ice beacon triplets from September to November 2009 in the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS), defined according to distance from the coastline on deployment. Results from this analysis illustrate that ice beacon triplets in the SBS demonstrate spatiotemporal differences in their evolution at the periphery and interior of the ice pack. The time rate of change in triplet area highlights two intervals of enhanced divergence and convergence in fall, 2009. Investigation of sea ice and atmospheric conditions during these intervals shows that until mid-September, all triplets respond to northerly flow, while during the second interval of enhanced divergence/convergence in October only one triplet responds to persistent northeasterly flow due to its proximity to the ice edge, in contrast to triplets located at the interior of the pack. Differences in sea ice deformation and dispersion near the pack ice edge and interior are further demonstrated in the behavior of triplets B and C in late October/early November. The results from this analysis highlight differences in dispersion and deformation characteristics based on triplet proximity to the southernmost ice edge and coastline, with implications for modeling studies pertaining to sea ice dynamics and dispersion.
DESAFIOS E CONDIÇÕES PARA APRENDIZAGEM DO ALUNO COM DEFICIÊNCIA FÍSICA NO CONTEXTO DA ESCOLA INCLUSIVA
Authors: Gonçalves Adriana Garcia
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo discute acerca da aprendizagem do aluno com deficiência física nocontexto da escola inclusiva. Os desafios para que o aluno com deficiência física faça parteconstitutiva da escola inclusiva requerem providências como a implementação de recursos eestratégias específicas que vão ao encontro das necessidades do aluno. Assim, os recursos deTecnologia Assistiva discutidos neste artigo compreendem comunicação alternativa esuplementar; adequação de mobiliário; dispositivos computacionais e recursos pedagógicosadaptados; adequações arquitetônicas para mobilidade do aluno com deficiência física. Taisrecursos foram destacados para que o aluno com deficiência física alcance um currículo quedeve ser construído e pensado de maneira coletiva na escola inclusiva. Vale ressaltar aimportância do trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar para que as reais necessidades do alunosejam contempladas e o aprendizado possa acontecer com qualidade. A busca incessante denovos conhecimentos e sua disseminação, na tentativa de minimizar as barreiras atitudinaisfrente às reais condições de aprendizagem, é o primeiro passo para efetivação do direito àescolarização do aluno com deficiência física no contexto da escola inclusiva.
ACESSIBILIDADE URBANA COMO FATOR DE INCLUSÃO PARA ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA OU MOBILIDADE REDUZIDA
Authors: Guerreiro Elaine Maria Bessa Rebello , Paula Ana Kalina Moura de , Lima Inalda Tereza Sales de , Cardoso José Ribamar de Abreu , Melo Liliane Brito de
Published: July 2014

Os direitos dos excluídos do sistema educacional fazem parte do debate dainclusão escolar. Temas como inclusão social e acessibilidade têm sido debatidos em diversosveículos e espaços de comunicação e citados como um direito de todos. De acordo comGuerreiro (2011), no caso da pessoa com deficiência, não há inclusão social sem aacessibilidade para garantir a segurança e a autonomia a esses indivíduos. O Instituto Federalde Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas - IFAM, conta com um Núcleo deTecnologia Assistiva – Apoema 6 , que trabalha com quatro vertentes de acessibilidade:pedagógica, arquitetônica, virtual e comunicacional. O grupo de Acessibilidade Arquitetônicarealiza pesquisas com o objetivo de promover a melhoria de mobilidade e acessibilidade nosespaços institucionais a fim de promover o sucesso acadêmico dos alunos com necessidadeseducativas especiais. Nesse contexto, realizou pesquisa quantitativa, de caráter exploratório,com o objetivo de traçar o perfil dos alunos do IFAM/Campus Manaus-Centro, usando comovariáveis de pesquisa a modalidade de transporte, o bairro/localidade de residência, e aexistência de alunos com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida. Participaram da pesquisa 531alunos matriculados no ensino médio (secundário), técnico, superior e outras modalidades.Foram identificados 12 alunos com deficiência ou mobilidade reduzida, a maioria deles comdeficiência visual. De forma geral, o principal meio de transporte utilizado pelos alunos foi oônibus. Esses resultados preliminares auxiliarão no alcance das metas institucionais para oacesso e permanência desse alunado na instituição.
DEFICIÊNCIA E INQUIETAÇÕES DO OLHAR: EM DEFESA DA VISÃO MENOR
Authors: Cruz Thimoteo Pereira , Barcelos Tânia Maia
Published: July 2014

Este texto visa pensar o tema deficiência, que tem sido bastante discutido no Brasil,principalmente depois das conquistas de alguns direitos fundamentais que ampliaram aspossibilidades de encontros com as pessoas com deficiência. A partir de alguns encontrosexperimentados com a deficiência, buscamos aproximações com o método cartográfico, queconsiste em acompanhar e investigar processos sem definição de regras a serem aplicadas apriori. Os encontros com a deficiência produziram os eixos de investigação do texto: asformas de olhar, a alteridade e a inclusão social. O olhar é percebido como um processocomplexo de conhecer e sentir o mundo, podendo ocorrer por meio da visão maior e da visãomenor, duas dimensões do olhar necessárias e complementares. A visão menor é defendidacomo meio de garantir o olhar para a deficiência para além da visão maior, predominante nasociedade em que vivemos. No decorrer do texto, procuramos exercitar a visão menor noprocesso de compreensão de dois comerciais que abordam as políticas de inclusão das pessoascom deficiência, ambos divulgados na mídia brasileira. Nesse exercício, percebemos que épreciso ver o que está além ou aquém do visível; é necessário que o encontro com o outro/ adeficiência não ocorra apenas no campo politicamente correto. As políticas de inclusão devemgarantir a alteridade ética, que promovam contágios, produzam diferenças e instauremmovimentos de resistência aos processos de homogeneização da subjetividade. Movimentosque brotam da presença viva do outro em nós.
EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA: FUNDAMENTOS E POSSIBILIDADES PARA O TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Faria Raclene Ataide de
Published: July 2014

Os debates sobre a escolarização de pessoas com deficiência nas escolas regulares,desde os anos de 1990, se intensificaram significativamente, sobretudo, pela participação doBrasil em acordos internacionais sobre a temática e a consequente materialização de taisacordos nas políticas públicas educacionais brasileiras. Este artigo apresenta o contextohistórico, político e social de construção desse “novo” paradigma educacional, o inclusivo,objetivando responder a questionamentos frequentes de docentes da educação básica, emcursos de formação continuada que ministro em Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia, sobre comotrabalhar com qualidade com turmas tão heterogêneas. A origem dos movimentosreivindicatórios de escolarização de pessoas com deficiência ocorreu na Europa, liderado pormães e pais de pessoas com deficiência que clamavam por educação, pesquisas e cuidadosespeciais para suas/seus filhas/os tendo alcançado repercussão mundial. Trata-se de pesquisabibliográfica cujo aporte teórico principal, dentre outros, é Alonso (2009), Goffman (1975),Mantoan (2003, 2006 e 2009), Mazzotta (2005), Rego (2010) e Silva (2007). A educaçãoinclusiva provoca o repensar da educação, da estrutura pedagógica, da capacidade de todas/osaprenderem, do trabalho pedagógico docente e das responsabilidades de cada parteeducadoras/es, gestoras/es, governo, família e sociedade. É um paradigma educacional para aedificação de novas relações sociais mais justas, democráticas e acolhedoras.
Values Intervening in Nursing Care for Clients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: De Carvalho Dantas Fernanda , De Carvalho Dantas Claudia ,   Universidade Federal Fluminense
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: analizar los valores intervinientes en el cuidar, por el enfermero, a clientes con VIH/Sida. Método: se trata de una investi- gación social, descriptiva y exploratoria, con abordaje cualitativo. Los participantes/escenario fueron 23 enfermeros de tres instituciones de salud del departamento de Rio de Janeiro. La recolecta de datos se realizó de enero del 2010 a diciembre del 2012 por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas con guion preestablecido, grabadas en cinta magnética. El proyecto de investigación se sometió al CEP HUAP 279/09, con CAAE N. 980.0.000.258-09. Resultados: del proceso de categorización emergieron cuatro categorías. Los valores más destacados fueron: discriminación, respeto, igualdad y solidaridad. Conclusión: cada miembro del equipo de salud debe autoconocerse, lo que implica la reflexión de sus valores, creencias y cultura con el fin de que estos no interfieran negativamente en la realización de sus acciones. Así, mediante el conocimiento de sus valores y reconocimiento de valores ajenos, se podrá, en una mayor dimensión, realizar una asistencia de mejor calidad, que proporcione a los portadores de VIH, así como a los clientes de cualquier patología, un cuidado digno dentro de los preceptos preconizados por la profesión.
Perception of Parenting and its Relationship to the Onset of Drug Use in Mexican Adolescents
Authors: Villegas-Pantoja Miguel Angel , Alonso Castillo María Magdalena , Alonso Castillo Bertha Alicia , Martínez Maldonado Raúl ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Published: July 2014

Contra todo esfuerzo, el inicio del consumo de drogas continúa siendo precoz. Se presumen asociaciones con factores relativos a la crianza, pero la escasa evidencia encontrada indica un vacío en el conocimiento de este fenómeno. Objetivo: identificar la relación entre la percepción de crianza parental y la edad de inicio en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes. Materiales y método: diseño descriptivo correlacional con muestreo probabilístico. La muestra de adolescentes (n = 416) se estimó para IC 95 %. Se empleó una cédula sobre consumo de drogas y el cuestionario “Mis memorias de crianza” EMBU-I. Resultados: se identificaron correlaciones positivas entre la percepción de crianza parental y la edad de inicio del consumo de tres drogas. Por sexo del progenitor se encontraron ocho correlaciones entre la percepción de crianza paterna (todas las dimensiones de crianza) y la edad de inicio del consumo de cuatro drogas. En las madres, la dimensión de calidez se correlacionó positivamente con la edad de inicio del consumo de tabaco. Conclusiones: posiblemente la crianza parental desempeña un papel importante en el inicio temprano del consumo de sustancias por los adolescentes, por lo que es preciso considerarla en la prevención de las adicciones.
Catholic Mass and the Nurse's Image (1957)
Authors: Simiele Maria Fernanda , Barizon Luchesi Luciana , Porto Fernando , Oliveira Sousa Tatiana , Silva Santiago Emiliane , Aguiar Simone ,   Universidade de São Paulo
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: analizar la imagen de la enfermera en el ritual de misa de graduación de la primera clase de la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto de la Universidad de São Paulo (USP) en 1957. Método: las imágenes fueron analizadas a la luz de Pierre Bourdieu y de la lite- ratura sobre rito, moda, lenguaje corporal, Historia de Brasil y de la enfermería. Resultados: han sido ubicadas dos imágenes en la colección histórica institucional que respondían a los criterios de inclusión. El rito de misa de graduación fue celebrado el 21 de diciembre del 1957 a las 8:30 de la mañana, titulado “Misa Solemne en Acción de Gracias, en la Capela Sagrado Coração de Jesus, de la Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto”. Conclusión: los signos instituidos en el rito de misa de graduación fueron el uniforme, la toca, la demarcación con tela clara del espacio entre graduandas y público, lo que constituye espacio de distinción social. Además, la héxis corporal revela seriedad y pureza, y colabora hacia la constitución de la nueva imagen de la enfermera diplomada en Ribeirão Preto. Este estudio contribuye con la ampliación de las discusiones sobre la construcción de la imagen de la enfermera, identidad profesional e influencia católica en la formación del enfermero.
Adaptation Process in Women with Spinal Cord Injury: The Relationship between Psychological and Sociodemographic Variables
Authors: Alcedo Rodríguez María Ángeles , García Carenas Lara , Fontanil Gómez Yolanda , Arias-Martínez Benito , Aguado Díaz Antonio León ,   Universidad de Oviedo
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: conocer el funcionamiento psicológico de 44 mujeres con LM en el proceso de adaptación a la lesión; en concreto, las estrategias de afrontamiento, la motivación y ansiedad de ejecución, el neuroticismo-extraversión, la depresión y su posible relación con variables sociodemográficas. Método: se trata de un estudio con estrategia correlacional y diseño de evaluación transversal. El proceso de selección ha sido realizado a través de centros sanitarios y de asociaciones de personas con discapacidad. Participaron un total de 44 mujeres con LM, residentes en su mayoría en el Principado de Asturias (54,5 %) y en Euskadi (40,9 %), aunque también contamos con una pequeña representación de mujeres procedentes de Valladolid (4,5 %). Resultados: las diferencias significativas halladas nos muestran puntuaciones más elevadas en la escala de depresión en mujeres casadas y con menor nivel educativo. Los datos de este estudio reflejan la existencia de procesos individualizados de adaptación con un funcionamiento bastante aleatorio respecto a las variables sociodemográficas y, por tanto, apoyan los postulados del modelo de diferencias individuales en el proceso de adaptación a la LM. Conclusión: se sugiere que los procesos terapéuticos deben ser sensibles a la aparición de sentimientos de desesperanza y depresión en las mujeres con LM.
Communication between the Nursing Team and Patients on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Rojas Noelia Pilar , Bustamante-Troncoso Claudia Raquel , Dois-Castellón Angelina ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: July 2014

La comunicación se basa en la utilización de herramientas e involucra la interacción recíproca de dos interlocutores. En las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivo (UCI), la aplicación de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI), genera condiciones especiales en el paciente que dificultan su comunicación. La ausencia de comunicación entre el equipo de enfermería (EE) y los pacientes con VMI es atribuida a múltiples barreras y produce efectos negativos que afectan la recuperación y el bienestar. Objetivo: conocer las características de la comunicación con pacientes con VMI que aplica elementos de la Teoría Fundada para el proceso de análisis y que utilizó como técnica de recolección de datos grupos focales de enfermeras y técnicos de enfermería que realizan cuidado directo a pacientes con VMI en una UCI. Método: Investigación de diseño cualitativo, orientada por la Teoría Fundada, para el análisis y la asociación de conceptos, que utilizó grupos focales como técnica de recolección de la información. Resultados: si bien los hallazgos permiten describir las principales características de la comunicación con estos pacientes identificando los medios y las formas utilizados por el EE para hacerlo, los momentos en que ocurre la comunicación, los beneficios y las barreras percibidas por el grupo de participantes, no se llega a establecer una categoría central con las estructuras y definiciones del proceso dentro de la misma, para lo que se requerirían nuevas investigaciones. Conclusión: a partir de estos hallazgos se espera contribuir al cuerpo de conocimientos de la disciplina de enfermería y fortalecer la gestión del cuidado que realiza el EE en las UCI.
Acceptance in the Perception of Nurses Involved in Primary Health Care
Authors: Da Silva Marques-Ferreira Maria de Lourdes , Do Vale Barreira-Penques Rosana Maria , Sanches-Marin Maria José ,   Universidade Estatal Paulista
Published: July 2014

Objetivo: el presente estudio se propone comprender la percepción de la acogida de los enfermeros que actúan en la Atención Primaria a la Salud. Método: es una investigación cualitativa realizada con entrevistas con 21 enfermeros de ocho municipios del interior del estado de São Paulo. El análisis de los datos se fundamentó en la vertiente fenomenológica, modalidad estructura del fenómeno. Resultados: se reveló que la comprensión de los enfermeros sobre la acogida, en algunos momentos, se aproxima de los principios y directrices del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Conclusiones: por otro lado, esos profesionales manifiestan dificultades con la estructura, organización y gestión de los servicios de salud y expresan acciones y creencias que se acercan al modelo tradicional de cuidado. Para la concreción de la acogida necesitan unir sus esfuerzos de los diferentes atores involucrados.
Influence of Storage on Darkening and Hardening of Slow- and Regular-Darkening Carioca Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes
Authors: Siqueira Beatriz S. , Pereira Wendell J. , Batista Karla A. , Oomah B. Dave , Fernandes Kátia F. , Bassinello Priscila Zaczuk
Published: July 2014

New carioca bean cultivars are being introduced into the market necessitating their evaluation under trade conditions, which often require storage under ambient conditions. We therefore evaluated the darkening and hardening processes of six carioca bean genotypes each representing regular and slow darkening trait during storage under ambient conditions for five months to elucidate their relationship as a breeding strategy. Storage time adversely affected color characteristics (L*, a*, b*, C* and ΔE) depending on bean genotype, whereas hardness and resistance to cooking increased during storage independent of the lignification process. Bean darkening and hardening occurred during storage at different intensities in each genotype and were not always correlated. BRSMG-Madrepérola, a slow darkening genotype, was unaffected (resistant to storage conditions), whereas BRS-Pontal with regular tegument darkening, was highly susceptible to storage conditions reflected in extended cooking time and darkening (low L* values). Principal component and cluster analyses on 8 constituents analyzed in this study demonstrate the difference in color characteristics, cooking time and hardness as major factors in segregating the bean genotypes. Seed coat color is an important but inappropriate single parameter for predicting the resistance to cooking or hardness induced by storage of carioca beans under ambient conditions. Development of carioca bean genotypes resistant to storage conditions is essential in reducing food losses during postharvest.
Heathlands, fire and grazing. A palaeoenvironmental view of Las Hurdes (Cáceres, Spain) history during the last 1200 years
Authors: Abel-Schaad Daniel , López-Sáez José A. , Pulido Fernando
Published: July 2014

Aim of study. The diachronic study of vegetation change through palynological analysis of sedimentary deposits is an essential tool both to design sound strategies on landscape  management and to understand its anthropogenic dynamics.Area of study. La Meseguera mire (Ladrillar, Cáceres, Spain) is located in the Hurdes region in the western part of Iberian Central System and started to develop at the beginning of the Islamic period (ca. 770 cal AD), in an area widely dominated by heathland.  Material and methods. Pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs and charcoal accumulation rate (CHAR) combined with historical data are useful indicators to assess the increasing role of human influence on vegetation.Main results. The use of fire and livestock husbandry represents the main drivers of landscape change in the course of the history. The establishment of forest afforestation plans, from the middle of 20th century, changed substantially the regional features. The sporadic presence of beech pollen is detected until 16th century, which implies the most western location in the Iberian Central Mountain System.Research highlights. The integration of pollen analysis and historical data is an essential tool when studying the changes in Holocene vegetation. These changes have been mainly driven by anthropogenic disturbances, more specifically by fire and livestock husbandry.Key Words: Anthropogenic dynamics; Central Mountain System; microcharcoals; non-pollen palynomorphs.
Preliminary study of the mite community structure in different black truffle producing soils
Authors: Queralt Mikel , Moraza María Lourdes , De Miguel Ana María
Published: July 2014

Aims of the study: The goals of this paper are to provide preliminary data on the composition of the mite community in truffle-producing soils (both wild and plantations); and to elucidate those species which may interact with the black truffle life cycle.Area of study: The study was carried out in two black truffle productive zones in Navarra (Spain), in four different plantations and five wild production areas.Material and Methods: Fauna was extracted using Berlese Tullgren funnels. Animals were separated into taxonomic groups, and mites were identified. To analyse the composition and community structure of the different habitats, parameters such as abundance, species richness, and Shanon Weiner diversity index (H’) were calculated.Main results: A total of 305 mites were recognized, belonging to 58 species representing the three major taxonomic groups (Oribatida, Prostigmata, Mesostigmata).Research highlights: The results show a possible trend towards wild areas having greater diversity and species richness than plantations. Furthermore, community analysis shows differences in species compositions among different study areas, and oribatid mites always exhibit the highest relative abundance and species richness.Keywords: Acari; Tuber melanosporum; Oribatida; Mesostigmata; Prostigmata; truffle orchards.