bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: coronary artery dissection complicating stent implantation and percutaneous coronary intervention with hematoma in the distal right coronary artery
Authors: Yusuf Yusuf Iliyasu  , Junlong Sun  , Shuwei Huang  , Yifei Xu  , Xiaoming Xu  , Yaping Zhou  , Pengfei Hu
Published: January 2025

Coronary artery angiography (CAG)/ percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and stent placement for restenosis is an important means of diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease. The case presents a 61-year-old woman with coronary artery disease who presented with recurrent wheezing, chest tightness, palpitations, and a sensation of pharyngeal blockage. A recent coronary artery computed tomography angiography (CTA) indicated CAD-RADS grade 4 coronary atherosclerosis, characterized by calcified plaques and varying degrees of stenosis in the left main trunk, left anterior descending artery (LAD), left circumflex artery (LCX), and right coronary artery (RCA). The patient exhibited intermittent T-wave changes on a dynamic electrocardiogram, leading to her admission for treatment and complete coronary angiography. The angiography revealed significant stenosis in the LAD, diffuse plaque lesions in the LCX, and dissection from the middle to distal RCA, confirming spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). The patient underwent a two-stent procedure, which resulted in favorable outcomes with TIMI flow grade 3 observed in the RCA. Additionally, balloon angioplasty, stenting, multi-catheter angiography, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were performed to address proximal-mid RCA dissection with intramural hematoma. The case study concludes by highlighting the successful management of severe RCA stenosis, dissection, and hematoma using a PCI strategy for SCAD.
Analysis of Distribution Channels and Promotional Mix at PT Varia Usaha Fabrikasi
Authors: Putri Raisa Adila
Published: January 2025

Distribution channels are all marketing channels or intermediaries through which goods and services (including transportation and storage) go from producers to industrial users and consumers. Companies must be good at selling products. Companies must be able to see market opportunities to sell their products not only in domestic or local markets, but also internationally. Promotion Mix is ​​a tool formed from a combination of advertising tools used by a company. In general, these promotional tools are related to each other, not separated, because they complement each other. Promotional mix or also called marketing mix is ​​a plan for carrying out promotional activities. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of distribution channels and sales promotions at PT Varia, a fabrication business. The research method used is a qualitative method. The research results show that the distribution and promotion mix strategy taken by PT Varia, a fabrication business, is the right strategy for a company in carrying out the distribution and promotion mix process.
Kajian Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Demam Tifoid di Rumah Sakit X di Surakarta
Authors: Widyastuti Eersta Zusvita , Amrullah Adhi Wardhana , Sari Agnes Prawistya , Purwaningsih Avianti Eka Dewi Aditya
Published: January 2025

Bakteri Salmonella typhi berada di dalam tubuh manusia dan menyebabkan infeksi yang dikenal sebagai demam tifoid. Di Indonesia, tingkat kasus demam tifoid mencapai 81% per 100.000 orang. Penggunaan berbagai obat dalam pengobatan demam tifoid akan meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya interaksi obat.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional deskriptif observasional. Data dari rekam medis pasien demam tifoid di Rumah Sakit "X" di Surakarta dari Januari hingga Desember 2021 digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Buku panduan interaksi obat Stockley dan aplikasi Drug Interaction Checker digunakan untuk menilai potensi interaksi obat. Data selanjutnya dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan SPSS 25.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 96 pasien demam tifoid, sebanyak 29 orang mengalami potensi interaksi obat. Dari 29 pasien tersebut, 68 kasus terjadi, terdiri dari 41 kasus non antibiotik-non antibiotik (60,3%) dan 27 kasus antibiotik-non antibiotik (39,7%). Potensi interaksi obat yang paling tinggi adalah levofloksasin dan ondasetron sebanyak 8 kasus, deksametason-omeprazol sebanyak 7 kasus, seftriakson-lansoprazol sebanyak 5 kasus dan sukralfat-lansoprazol sebanyak 5 kasus. Berdasarkan tingkat keparahannya potensi interaksi obat yang bersifat minor sebanyak 26 kasus (38,235%), interaksi obat yang bersifat moderate sebanyak 26 kasus (38,235%) serta interaksi yang bersifat major sebanyak 16 kasus (23,53%).  Interaksi obat-obatan dapat terjadi secara farmakokinetik dalam 52 kasus (72,47%) dan farmakodinamik dalam 16 kasus (23,53%) berdasarkan mekanismenya.
The Relationship Between Knowledge and The Use of Health Supplements During The Pandemic Towards Non-Medical Students of Sanata Dharma University
Authors: Wijoyo Yosef
Published: January 2025

World Health Organization (WHO) menetapkan COVID-19 sebagai pandemic pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020. Dilihat dari data sebaran perkembangan COVID-19, pandemi di Indonesia sendiri masih tinggi. Salah satu upaya pencegahan meningkatnya kasus COVID-19 ini yaitu dengan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Mengkonsumsi suplemen kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh karena memiliki fungsi untuk memelihara, meningkatkan dan/atau untuk memperbaiki Kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan tindakan penggunaan suplemen kesehatan pada mahasiswa non-kesehatan di Universitas Sanata Dharma.
                 Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrumen penelitianini yaitu kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online melalui platform google form. Kuesioner telah dinyatakan valid melalui uji pemahaman bahasa, uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas dengan nilai 0,710 pada variabel pengetahuan dan 0,747 pada variabel tindakan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 368 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik-deskriptif, uji normalitas, uji chi-square dan uji regresi linear sederhana.
Pengetahuan responden terhadap suplemen kesehatan 85,9% (316 responden) masuk kedalam kategori “BAIK”.  Sedangkn tindakan responden dalam penggunaan suplemen kesehatan 42,4% (156 responden) masuk kedalam kategori penilaian “BAIK”, 34,5% (127 responden) masuk kedalam kategori penilaian “SANGAT BAIK”. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan tindakan penggunaan suplemen kesehatan di masa pandemi pada mahasiswa non-kesehatan Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta dengan tingkat kekuatan hubungan yaitu “ KUAT” dengan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,610.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gliserin Terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Salep Kombinasi Ikan Gabus, Teripang Emas, Madu Kelulut, Sirih Hijau Dan Minyak Cengkeh
Authors: Fhadila Salsha , Andrie Mohamad , Taurina Wintari
Published: January 2025

Ikan gabus (Channa striata), teripang emas (Stichopus hermanii), madu kelulut (Heterotrigona itama), sirih hijau (Piper betle) dan minyak cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) memiliki efek sinergis pada penyembuhan luka. Kombinasi bahan tersebut diformulasikan dalam sediaan salep karena mempunyai waktu kontak yang lama pada kulit, sehingga diharapkan efektif dalam menyembuhkan luka. Keragaman senyawa dari setiap bahan dapat berpengaruh dan menyebabkan ketidakstabilan sediaan. Penambahan gliserin sebagai humektan adalah cara menjaga stabilitas fisik sediaan karena dapat mengurangi penguapan air dari sediaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi gliserin yang dapat menghasilkan salep dengan stabilitas fisik yang baik.
Variasi konsentrasi gliserin yang digunakan yaitu 5% (F1) dan 2,5% (F2) kemudian diuji sifat fisik dan stabilitas fisik sediaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji stabilitas intermediet pada suhu 30°±2°C/RH 65%±5% selama 6 bulan. Parameter pengukuran meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, daya sebar, daya lekat, daya proteksi, dan pH.
Hasil uji stabilitas fisik didapat formula F2 (gliserin 2,5%) merupakan formula paling stabil dalam mempertahankan daya sebar dan daya lekat dari bulan ke-0 hingga bulan ke-1. Seluruh formula mengalami kerusakan sebelum pengujian stabilitas sifat fisik pada bulan ke-3, sehingga pengujian ini tidak dilanjutkan lagi pada bulan ke-3 dan ke-6.
Pengembangan Krim Tabir Surya Herbal Menggunakan Clitoria ternatea dan Aloe vera: Formulasi, Penilaian Kualitas, dan Efikasi In Vivo
Authors: Indarto Indarto , Nasution Sri Purwanti , Suci Ajeng Dwi Anita , Cane Hawa Purnama Celala Ary
Published: January 2025

Kesadaran yang meningkat terhadap efek negatif radiasi ultraviolet (UV) telah mengarahkan pengembangan formulasi tabir surya yang menggunakan bahan alami untuk perlindungan kulit yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi krim tabir surya herbal dengan kombinasi ekstrak Clitoria ternatea dan Aloe vera untuk efikasi perlindungan UV menggunakan model hewan uji mencit secara in vivo. Desain eksperimental meliputi formulasi krim dengan variasi konsentrasi bahan aktif, diikuti dengan penilaian homogenitas, daya sebar, daya lekat, viskositas, pH, dan kualitas hedonik. Aktivitas tabir surya diuji secara in vivo pada mencit, mengukur Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa krim dengan konsentrasi ekstrak yang lebih tinggi (F4) memiliki nilai SPF yang signifikan meningkat yaitu 35, menunjukkan perlindungan UV yang efektif. Krim juga menunjukkan homogenitas yang baik, tingkat pH yang sesuai, dan diterima dengan baik dalam uji hedonik. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak Clitoria ternatea dan Aloe vera dapat berfungsi sebagai alternatif alami yang kuat untuk agen tabir surya sintetis.
Evaluation of Rational Antibiotik Use for Patients with Typhoid Fever at X Hospital in Surakarta
Authors: Amrullah Adhi W. , Rahardjoputro Rolando , Murharyati Atiek , Purwaningsih Avianti Eka Dewi Aditya
Published: January 2025

The bacterium Salmonella typhi is the cause of a systemic infection known as typhoid fever. These bacteria usually enter through contaminated food or drink. To treat typhoid fever, antibiotics must be given as rationally as possible to achieve ideal therapeutic goals. An understanding of various aspects of an infectious disease should be used to plan the use of antibiotics. This understanding must also consider the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antibiotic to be used as well as individual resistance, virulence and microorganisms. The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is the worst effect of irrational use of antibiotics.
In this study, the Gyssens method was used to analyze the rationality of antibiotics. This observational descriptive study also uses a cross-sectional approach. Data was collected through a retrospective search of medical records in the medical records section of "X" Hospital in Surakarta from January to December 2021. The data collected consisted of analytic and descriptive data, which consisted of patient characteristics and the patient's pattern of prescribing antibiotics. The SPSS computer program is used to process the data.
The results of rationality analysis showed that in 84 prescriptions in typhoid fever patients who were included in category 0 (zero) or rational as many as 25 prescriptions (29.76%) and irrational as many as 59 prescriptions (70.24%) consisting of category IV A as many as 18 prescriptions (21.43%), IV B as many as 8 prescriptions (9.52%), III A as many as 3 prescriptions (3.57%), category III B as many as 47 prescriptions (55.95%),  II A as many as 34 prescriptions (40.47%) and II B as many as 27 prescriptions (32.14%).
Analysis of the Influence of the UP3AI Program on the Ability to Read the Qur'an and the Formation of USK Students' Morals
Authors: Muchlinarwati Muchlinarwati , Zilkifli Muhammad Yusuf , Muttaqin Reza , NK Mahdi
Published: January 2025

This study was conducted based on the fact that several USK students still cannot read the Quran and do not understand the correct Makhraj of letters and the laws of tajwid. Therefore. USK has a UP3AI (Islamic Religion Course Development Unit) program, a companion program development unit for Islamic religious courses aimed at forming a Quranic generation with noble character. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the UP3AI program in improving USK students' ability to read the Quran and its impact on moral formation. The research method uses a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative). The results show that the program's effectiveness is not optimal due to constraints on time discipline, communication, and mentor abilities, and it is said to be effective if the learning process between mentors and students has gone well. Then there is the quality of teaching the Quran, both in the mosque and the Musalla; there is no stable teaching method, limited hours of teaching the Quran, the elimination of the teaching curriculum, the influence of television shows, and others that cause the success of this program not to be achieved. In addition, the impact on student morals is not significant.
Smoothing of Bivariate Test Score Distributions: Model Selection Targeting Test Score Equating
Authors: Wallin Gabriel , Wiberg Marie
Published: January 2025

Observed-score test equating is a vital part of every testing program, aiming to make test scores across test administrations comparable. Central to this process is the equating function, typically estimated by composing distribution functions of the scores to be equated. An integral part of this estimation is presmoothing, where statistical models are fit to observed score frequencies to mitigate sampling variability. This study evaluates the impact of commonly used model fit indices on bivariate presmoothing model-selection accuracy in both item response theory (IRT) and non-IRT settings. It also introduces a new model-selection criterion that directly targets the equating function in contrast to existing methods. The study focuses on the framework of non-equivalent groups with anchor test design, estimating bivariate score distributions based on real and simulated data. Results show that the choice of presmoothing model and model fit criterion influences the equated scores. In non-IRT contexts, a combination of the proposed model-selection criterion and the Bayesian information criterion exhibited superior performance, balancing bias, and variance of the equated scores. For IRT models, high selection accuracy and minimal equating error were achieved across all scenarios.
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF BINAURAL MUSIC ON THE BRAIN
Authors: Sumerjana Ketut , Sudirga I Komang , Suteja I Kt. , Suharta I Wayan
Published: January 2025

Binaural music, which is characterized by the presentation of two slightly different sound frequencies to each ear, has gained increasing attention owing to its potential positive effects on the brain. Research suggests that binaural beats can influence cognitive and emotional states by modulating brainwave activity. When the brain perceives the difference between the two frequencies, it generates a third "perceived" frequency, known as a binaural beat, which corresponds to specific brainwave states (delta, theta, alpha, beta, or gamma). These brainwave states are linked to various mental and physiological benefits, including relaxation, improved focus, enhanced creativity, reduced anxiety, and better sleep quality. Additionally, studies have indicated that regular exposure to binaural beats may promote neuroplasticity, improve memory retention, and facilitate the brain’s capacity for learning and information processing. This abstract provides a concise overview of how binaural music may serve as a tool to improve mental health, cognitive performance, and emotional well-being, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic and wellness applications. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and optimal conditions for the impact of binaural music on brain function.
Vaping, smoking, and mental health in young people: insights from Australia’s National Drug Strategy Household Survey
Authors: Teo Shu Mei , Browne Vivienne , Baker David , Stapinski Lexine , Filia Sacha , Brown Ellie , Gan Daniel , Gao Caroline X.
Published: January 2025

Aims: To examine trends in vaping prevalence, frequency, and associated factors in Australia, with a focus on the relationship between vaping, smoking, and mental health among young people aged 14–25.Design, Setting and Participants: A repeated cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (NDSHS) for 2016, 2019, and 2022/23.Measurements: Key measurements include the prevalence and frequency of vaping, smoking status, rates of mental health disorders and psychological distress, and use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Data were disaggregated by year of survey to assess trends over time.Findings: The study revealed a marked increase in vaping prevalence among young people, with a shift towards more frequent use. In 2022/23, 62% of young people who had ever vaped reported never having smoked before initiating e-cigarette use. Regular vaping was significantly more common among individuals with mental health disorders or high psychological distress. While e-cigarettes showed some role in smoking cessation, only 1–3% of young people who used e-cigarettes to quit smoking were no longer smoking or vaping. In 2022/23, over 50% of young people who had used e-cigarettes for smoking cessation reported they could not stop or cut down vaping in the previous 12 months. Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to address the rising prevalence of vaping among young people, particularly those with mental health challenges. Recommendations include partnering with youth in policy and practice development, enhancing clinician training, conducting priority population research, developing targeted policy strategies for youth mental health services, and improving school-based prevention and intervention programs.
Trends of Violence in Movies over the Past Half Century
Authors: Fotouhi Babak , Tohidi Amir , Touserkani Rouzbeh , Bushman Brad J.
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes trends of violence in movie dialogues over the past 50 years using a dataset of over 160,000 films. Results show that mentions of violent actions have an overall increasing trend. After controlling for genre, non-crime movies also exhibit such an increasing trend, across the cases of male characters, female characters, as well as all characters combined.
Exploring Entertainment-Based CALL in ESL Education: Insights from Japanese Learners’ Case Studies
Authors: Sakai Noboru
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the implementation of entertainment-based CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning) in ESL education through three case studies involving Japanese learners with limited English proficiency. Personalized lessons incorporated games and music aligned with learners’ individual interests, while a university classroom utilized English-language YouTube videos featuring popular idols to enhance engagement. These approaches initially succeeded in boosting learner motivation and reducing resistance to studying English. However, as learners became more familiar with the language, many transitioned to traditional materials such as textbooks. The findings suggest that while entertainment-based CALL is highly effective in fostering initial engagement and lowering entry barriers, it may not function optimally as a standalone approach. Rather, its greatest potential lies in serving as a supplementary tool within a comprehensive teaching strategy, one that dynamically adapts to learners’ evolving needs and priorities.
采用“电光效应”进行单向光速测量的一种物理实验方案
Authors: YANG Zheng-Ling
Published: January 2025

狭义相对论的基础之一是“光速不变原理”。迄今为止的实体物理实验都只是证明了双程（回路）平均光速的不变性等。单向光速的直接实验测量的原理，可以通过改进斐索旋转齿轮法得到：用脉冲光代替原来的连续光。建议采用“电光效应”来实现该原理的单向光速直接测量。第一个“电光效应”元件，将连续光遮挡成“脉冲光”；第二个“电光效应”元件来等效实现斐索旋转齿轮的作用。
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Authors: Olson Eric L , Butler Blaine
Published: January 2025

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Challenges in the clinical care of major cardiovascular conditions in primary care
Authors: Chan Caesar , Lau Dawnie Ho Hei
Published: January 2025

Cardiovascular conditions continue to be increasingly common. This review addresses the barriers in managing cardiovascular diseases in primary care settings, including but not limited to disparities in healthcare access, asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic nature of many conditions, and nonadherence to treatment. Strategies for early detection, patient education and tailored interventions are discussed across six major cardiovascular diseases.
建议对安培无定向秤的系统误差进行实体实验检验
Authors: YANG Zheng-Ling
Published: January 2025

在均匀的静止磁场里，两个完全相同的圆形载流导线，载有相同大小但方向相反的稳恒直流。这两个圆形导线受到的磁力是否严格相等？建议进行实体的物理实验检验。这个问题，与1946~2018年间的国际单位制（SI）中的电流单位安培的定义相关。对这些重要的基础问题，建议采用当代高精度、高稳定性的实体物理实验来进行判定。
Acoustic monitoring of the health and welfare of commercially farmed pigs – a review
Authors: Mott Richard , Kriengwatana Buddhamas , Collins Lisa
Published: January 2025

With a hearing range of 42 Hz to 40.5 kHz, pigs can detect sounds that exceed the typical frequencies measured by conventional audio equipment, however, it is not known if previous research has taken account of the higher frequencies perceived by pigs. This review therefore sets out to determine if the recording equipment used in previous studies gives a true reflection of how the acoustic environment is perceived by pigs. Here we review the literature relating to acoustic monitoring of pigs in commercial settings to evaluate the ability of Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies to monitor vocalizations, detect health issues, and assess the environmental sound impact on welfare. This review highlights gaps in research, particularly the underestimation of sound pressure levels (SPL) due to the use of equipment that does not account for ultrasonic frequencies between 20-40 kHz. Additionally, playback experiments using conventional equipment may miss crucial vocalization components, affecting the interpretation of pig behaviour in experimental settings. Ultrasonic frequencies, although inaudible to humans, may have a significant impact on pigs, potentially leading to welfare issues. These findings underscore the need for improved acoustic monitoring technologies with a sampling rate of at least 80 kHz to capture the full range of vocalizations and environmental sounds perceivable by pig. This enhanced monitoring could provide better insights into pig communication, health, diagnostics and welfare.
Techno-economic analysis of natural and stimulated geological hydrogen
Authors: Mathur Yashee , Moise Henry , Aydin Yalcin , Mukerji Tapan
Published: January 2025

Geological hydrogen has emerged as a low-cost and low-carbon primary source of energy. This study provides a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of natural geological hydrogen (GH) and stimulated geological hydrogen (SGH) production, reaffirming its potential as a low-cost energy source. For the United States, we estimate production costs at $0.54/kg for GH and $0.92/kg for SGH, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving production below $1/kg under optimal conditions. Detailed sensitivity analyses reveal hydrogen purity and production flow rates at the well head as primary cost drivers along with final delivery pressure of hydrogen. Although, GH has lower cost, SGH's scalability, driven by ubiquitous iron-rich rocks and controlled production rates, positions it as a practical solution for co-locating near demand centers. These findings underscore the potential of geological hydrogen to contribute significantly to a sustainable energy future, provided further field data validates the underlying assumptions.
An Educational App for ACL Injury Risk Assessment Using Machine Learning: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Mokhtarzadeh Hossein
Published: January 2025

ACL injuries remain a significant concern in both male and female populations, with incidence rates showing little decline despite extensive research and prevention programs. This suggests a need for novel, accessible methods to tackle this issue. In this proof-of-concept (POC) study, we introduce a simple, web-based application designed to educate individuals at risk of ACL injuries. Using machine learning (ML) techniques, specifically Google’s Teachable Machine, the app provides real-time feedback on movement patterns, classifying them as high-risk or low-risk for injury. While this study is limited by the size and diversity of its dataset, it demonstrates the potential of ML and AI models in enhancing education and injury prevention. Future iterations with larger datasets and advanced AI techniques could improve the app’s precision, scalability, and applicability in real-world scenarios. We hypothesize that ACL injuries, like many others, can be reduced through proper education, personalized feedback, and training. This POC lays the foundation for future efforts in injury prevention by combining ML-driven insights with accessible, user-friendly tools. 
Check out the ACL-IQ app: acl-iq.netlify.appWatch the tutorial: YouTube Video
Exploring Staircase Segment Length (SSL) as a Measure of Adaptability in Stop-Signal Tasks
Authors: Jung Hagen
Published: January 2025

The adaptive staircase method, frequently employed in tasks like the Stop-Signal Task (SST), dynamically adjusts task difficulty based on participant performance. We introduce Staircase Segment Length (SSL) as a metric to quantify participant adaptability, measuring the consecutive stop trials during which the Stop-Signal Delay (SSD) remains stable. Short SSLs may reflect quick adaptability and stable performance, while longer SSLs could indicate slower adjustments, potentially linked to cognitive fatigue or fluctuations in engagement. Developed in the context of response inhibition, SSL may also serve as a complementary metric to accuracy or fatigue in various adaptive tasks utilizing staircase methods, offering insights into participant dynamics.
The Relationship between Cognitive and Morphological Skills: Evidence from Turkish Kindergarten Children
Authors: Ger Ebru , Ibbotson Paul , Göksun Tilbe
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the role of domain-general cognitive processes, specifically inhibitorycontrol, verbal working memory (WM), and nonverbal reasoning, on children’s productivegrammar skills, focusing on Turkish past tense (e.g., fırçala-DI brush-PAST.3sg) and causativesuffix (e.g., fırçala-t-TI brush-CAUSE.3sg), representing the broader categories of inflectionalversus derivational morphology, respectively. We tested 84 5-year-old Turkish-learning childrenfrom a densely populated district in Istanbul, Türkiye on a sentence completion task to assess theuse of morphology. Children were more successful in producing the correct suffix for the pasttense than causative suffix, when using both familiar and pseudo verbs. Zero-order correlationsshowed significant relations between correct suffix use and all cognitive assessments. However,regression analyses revealed that only nonverbal reasoning predicted children’s overall correctsuffix use and inhibition predicted it only for the past tense with pseudo verbs. Hence, childrenwho have better reasoning abilities may have more robustly abstracted the grammar rules of theirnative language. Children with better inhibitory control can more effectively suppress the primedpresent tense verb and correctly use the past tense. This ability is particularly evident whendealing with pseudo verbs, which make the task more abstract. These findings imply theconsideration of domain-general cognition in the development of abstract grammar in childhood.
Personalized Beta Band HD-tACS over the Left SMA Improves Speech and Limb Movement Reaction Times by Modulating Prefrontal Delta Oscillations
Authors: Johari Karim , Tabari Fatemeh
Published: January 2025

Objective: The supplementary motor area (SMA) demonstrates abnormal beta activity (13-30 Hz) during speech and limb movement tasks in neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) has demonstrated promising improvement in motor and non-motor functions by entraining endogenous neural oscillations. We conducted an exploratory study on the modulatory effects of personalized beta high-definition (HD)-tACS over the left SMA on speech production and limb movement. Approach: In a repeated-measures experiment, twenty-two neurotypical young adults were recruited to participate in four stimulation conditions: sham, High-Definition Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (HD-tRNS), and HD-tACS tuned to each individual’s frequency of maximal SMA beta activity (identified using source-localized EEG) during speech (tuned-to-speech; TtS) and limb movement (tuned-to-limb; TtL). All participants completed a 25-minute sham/active stimulation over the left SMA, followed by an interleaved speech production and limb movement task. Main Results: Behavioral results showed that active stimulation resulted in more pronounced improvements in reaction times compared to the sham condition, regardless of the active stimulation type. The neural correlates of this aftereffect were indicated by a prominent modulation in delta power in prefrontal and frontocentral electrodes during speech and limb movement tasks following personalized beta TtS and TtL HD-tACS, relative to sham and tRNS. Significance: Personalized beta HD-tACS modulated delta oscillations, instead of beta rhythms, in a task-specific manner, highlighting the brain’s adaptive response. These findings have implications for neurological conditions such as PD, which are characterized by deficits in speech production and limb motor coordination.
The complex social network structure of large-scale human societies
Authors: Sandeford David S.
Published: January 2025

Do the social networks of complex large-scale societies share fundamental structural and mathematical properties with the networks of small-scale societies? Can they also best be characterized as discrete, hierarchical, self-similar social networks? There is growing empirical evidence that the generic nature of human social organization may be described in terms of these complex social networks. This emergent form of human social organization has been documented in a wide array of human societies ranging from foraging groups to the urban and sociopolitical organization of the first states and empires. This paper contributes to this growing literature by using Horton--Strahler scaling and spectral analysis to demonstrate the complex structure of large-scale societies using the Coalescent Communities Database 2.0 and Seshat: Global History Databank. The analysis finds a discrete hierarchy of community sizes that approaches the well-known series 15, 50, 150, 500, 1500 and a scaling ratio of between 3 and 4. These properties of complex large-scale societies are remarkably consistent with previous empirical studies of small-scale societies. I suggest that these patterns can be understood in terms of a general recursive process that is responsible for the formation of increasingly larger-scale societies and the cognitive limitations inherent to human nature.
Financial incentives and flexible retirement: Quasi-experimental evidence from the Finnish pension system
Authors: Ilmakunnas Ilari , Sten-Gahmberg Susanna , Hakola Timopekka
Published: January 2025

In 2017, Finland introduced a partial old-age pension scheme, allowing individuals to claim either 25 or 50 percent of their old-age pension after turning 61, irrespective of their employment status. Claiming a partial pension before the statutory retirement age results in a permanent reduction of the full old-age pension. Due to the rapid rise in consumer prices in 2022, individuals who claimed their pension before the end of 2022 benefited from a three-percentage points higher index adjustment in 2023, resulting in a permanently higher pension compared to those who claimed their pension in early 2023. In this study, we assess the causal effect of the financial incentive arising from the exceptional index adjustment on pension take-up using regression discontinuity design and full population register data. We also analyse differences in responses by socioeconomic status and gender. The extraordinary pension index adjustment increased the probability of claiming the partial old-age pension in the first month after becoming eligible for it by around 8 percentage points, or around 80 per cent. The effect is explained by individuals claiming a pension sooner than they would have in the absence of the exceptional index adjustment. Individuals with a higher pension accrual, higher earnings, or with upper tertiary education were more likely than others to respond to the index adjustment.
Santiago's Self-Discovery in Paulo Coelho's the Alchemist
Authors: Gyawali Netralal
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the multifaceted factors influencing Santiago's self-discovery in Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist. Through a qualitative close reading method, the research explores the existentialist framework that underpins Santiago's journey. The primary objective is to elucidate the elements that catalyze his transformation, focusing on key influences such as dreams and omens, the wisdom imparted by Melchizedek, the mentorship of the Alchemist, and the profound love for Fatima. Additionally, the symbolism of the desert serves as a metaphor for existential trials, while the themes of unity with nature and communication with the Soul of the World highlight the interconnectedness of all beings. This comprehensive analysis aims to equip readers and educators with a nuanced understanding of Santiago's quest for self-discovery, ultimately revealing how these diverse factors converge to shape his spiritual awakening. Through this exploration, the study affirms the significance of personal legend and the pursuit of one's dreams as central tenets of human existence.
Żemła, kołacz, krepel… – wokół dawnego słownictwa związanego z polem tematycznym JEDZENIE obecnego w śląszczyźnie
Authors: Kiszka-Pytel Beata
Published: January 2025

Celem podjętym w artykule jest obserwacja zmian znaczenia wybranych archaizmów leksykalnych żywych w śląszczyźnie, a zapomnianych lub wychodzących z użycia w polszczyźnie ogólnej, związanych z tradycyjną kuchnią regionu. Materiał badawczy wyekscerpowano z prac leksykograficznych notujących słownictwo regionalne, tj. z Małego słownika gwary Górnego Śląska, cz. 1 oraz ze Słownika gōrnoślōnskij gŏdki i skonfrontowano z leksyką zgromadzoną w Małym słowniku gwar polskich. Rozważania poczynione w opracowaniu doprowadziły do następujących ustaleń: analizowane jednostki leksykalne, dawniej zasilające zasób słownictwa aktywnego w polszczyźnie ogólnej, w śląszczyźnie nadal zachowują swoją żywotność i niejednokrotnie zyskują nowe, symboliczne znaczenie; widoczne jest również ścieranie się dwóch sprzecznych tendencji w kulturze – odchodzenia pewnych leksemów funkcjonujących w języku ogólnopolskim do słownictwa pasywnego, a także powrotu do tradycji i mody na regionalizm. Wykorzystanie analizy historycznojęzykowej i kulturowej oraz odwołanie do Korpusu Języka Polskiego PWN pozwoliło wnioskować o ograniczonym zakresie funkcjonowania danej jednostki leksykalne.
Jak współcześnie badać frazeologię w tekstach dawnych? Możliwości wykorzystania narzędzi cyfrowych w pracy historyka języka
Authors: Ryś Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Celem prezentowanych badań jest przekroczenie ograniczeń związanych z systemową analizą frazeologii w tekstach dawnych dzięki wykorzystaniu wybranych narzędzi cyfrowych: Korpusu dawnych polskich tekstów dramatycznych (1772–1939) oraz analizatora emocji tekstu Wydźwięk. Prezentowana analiza stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na postawione w tytule artykułu pytanie. Zgromadzony materiał jest badany na dwóch poziomach: pragmalingwistycznym (w kontekście funkcji językowych wyróżnionych przez Michaela Hallidaya i wydźwięku emocjonalnego wypowiedzi) oraz socjolingwistycznym (z wykorzystaniem wybranych czynników socjologicznych zawartych w korpusie, które mogą korelować z wyborem frazeologii w określonym kontekście). Wyniki przedstawiono w osobnej sekcji, zestawiając je z aktualnym stanem badań (analizą systemową) oraz poczuciem językowym badacza. Perspektywy wykorzystania narzędzi cyfrowych w badaniach nad frazeologią w tekstach dawnych sformułowano w zakończeniu.
Rozwój funkcjonalny spójnika ali w językach słowiańskich
Authors: Dunikowski Mikołaj
Published: January 2025

Celem podjętym w artykule jest sformułowanie hipotezy rozwoju funkcjonalnego spójnika ali w językach słowiańskich wywodzącego się od poświadczonego w języku staro-cerkiewno-słowiańskim prasłowiańskiego złożenia *a li wprowadzającego pytanie retoryczne. Wyraz był później używany w funkcjach adwersatywnej, dysjunktywnej, miratywnej, wprowadzającej zdania warunkowe. Hipoteza zakłada istnienie dwóch odnóg rozwoju funkcjonalnego, z których jedna jest zapoczątkowana użyciem w pytaniach retorycznych, które to mogły być interpretowane jako zdania przeciwstawne. W artykule zostały przeanalizowane użycia wyrazu w najstarszych tekstach wybranych języków słowiańskich: serbochorwackiego, staropolskiego oraz języków wschodniosłowiańskich. Metodologia opiera się na dorobku współczesnego językoznawstwa teoretycznego i typologicznego, podejściu funkcjonalno-typologicznym do relacji w koordynacji i teorii map semantycznych.
Otoczenie społeczne klasztoru dominikanów w Brzegu
Authors: Kaczmarek Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

Klasztor dominikanów pod wezwaniem Krzyża Św. w Brzegu powstał w połowie XIV w. z inicjatywy księcia Bolesława III Hojnego i był ostatnią fundację Braci Kaznodziejów na terenie średniowiecznego Śląska. Dominikanie przebywali w tym mieście krótko - po mniej więcej 200 latach ich dom zakonny został zlikwidowany w dobie Reformacji. W ciągu dwóch stuleci działalności w mieście i jego okolicy konwent nawiązał więzi społeczne z licznymi grupami mieszkanców Brzegu, a także innych miast oraz wsi położonych w granicach jego okręgu. Do grona osób utrzymujących codzienne kontakty z braćmi należala zatrudniana przez służba i pracownicy najemni. Konwent zgromadził też wokół siebie liczne grono dobrodziejów (mieszczanie i okoliczna szlachta) wspierających do na niwie materialnej. Bracia prowadzili też ożywioną działalność duszpasterską i gospodarczą w swym otoczeniu i zakładali świeckie stowarzyszenia religijne (Bractwo Różańcowe), które integrowały z nimi okoliczna ludność.
Pamięć o związkach klasztorów cysterskich w Esrum, Kołbaczu i Oliwie w świetle nekrologów klasztornych i innych zabytków pisanych
Authors: Oliński Piotr
Published: January 2025

W artykule są przedstawione związki kilku klasztorów pomorskich ze swoim otoczeniem społecznym na podstawie wybranych źródeł memoratywnych, a więc nekrologu klasztoru cysterskiego w Kołbaczu, nekrologu klasztoru cysterskiego w Pelplinie oraz nekrologu i księgi benefaktorów klasztoru kartuzów Coronae Mariae w Darłowie. Poddane analizie zostało pochodzenie społeczne i terytorialne osób, za które podjęte zostały modlitwy w poszczególnych klasztorach. W przypadku przeglądu wpisów zawartych w nekrologu kołbackim można stwierdzić, że raczej nie są to osoby z otoczenia klasztoru kołbackiego, lecz odzwierciedlają otoczenie modlitewne instytucji kościelnej duńskiej, zapewne klasztoru w Esrum. W przypadku nekrologu pelplińskiego odnotowano przede wszystkim związki z najbliższym terytorialnie otoczeniem społecznym klasztoru. Wpisy zwykle ograniczają się do osób z terenu Pomorza Gdańskiego i państwa krzyżackiego. Duże znaczenie dla klasztoru miały społeczności miejskie. W przypadku kartuzów darłowskich wyraźnie widać ich atrakcyjność modlitewną nie tylko dla najbliższych terytorialnie społeczności miejskich i wiesjkich, ale dla mieszczaństwa hanzeatyckiego pochodzącego nawet z bardzo odległych miast, jak np. Lubeka.
Kilka uwag dotyczących Bolka II świdnickiego (Marcin A. Klemenski, Bolko II Mały (ok. 1309/12–1368) książę świdnicko-jaworski i margrabia łużycki, Avalon, Kraków 2023, ss. 576 + ilustracje)
Authors: Zawadzki Tomasz
Published: January 2025

Bolko II świdnicki (zm. 1368) był jednym z najwybitniejszych Piastów żyjących w XIV wieku, który przeszedł do historii jako ostatni niezależny przedstawiciel swego rodu na Śląsku. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony został wydanej w 2023 roku biografii tego księcia, napisanej przez Marcina A. Klemenskiego. Odniesiono się w nim krytycznie do licznych wątków poruszonych w książce, m.in. daty urodzin Bolka II, prowadzonej przez niego polityki zewnętrznej, jego kontaktów z rycerstwem, a także stosowanej przez niego tytulatury. Skorygowane zostały również liczne błędy i nieścisłości dotyczące dworu oraz otoczenia księcia. W artykule odniesiono się też przede wszystkim do źródeł do badań nad życiem Bolka II, które w biografii wykorzystane zostały z wieloma błędami, np. dotyczącymi datacji dokumentów, niewłaściwej interpretacji miejsc i osób.
PELATIHAN USAHATANI BUDIDAYA SAYURAN DENGAN METODE HIDROPONIK PADA ANGGOTA KOPERASI SIMPAN PINJAM CREDIT UNION DAYA LESTARI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG REDEB
Authors: Galingging Herwan , Haq Arsyadani Sabilal
Published: January 2025

This community service activity aims to; 1). Providing science materials and mastery of hydroponic technology for KSP members. Credit Union Daya Lestari TP Kita Bersaudara in Tanjung Redeb District. 2). Providing agricultural science materials and investment criteria for the payback period (PP) of vegetable cultivation using the hydroponic method. 3). Developing the skills of KSP members. Credit Union Daya Lestari TP Kita Bersaudara in trying to grow vegetables through the application of a hydroponic system. In addition, through this community service activity, it is hoped that it can provide several benefits to the community, including; 1). Increase knowledge and mastery of hydroponic technology for vegetable cultivation to members of the TP Kita Bersaudara Daya Lestari Credit Union. 2). Increased knowledge of members of the TP Kita Bersaudara Daya Lestari Credit Union regarding the payback period investment criteria for the hudroponic vegetable farming project. 3). Increase the income of cooperative members through the application of hydroponic technology for vegetable cultivation. 4). The increase in the number of KSP members. Credit Union Daya Lestari TP Kita Bersaudara who farms hydroponic vegetables. 5). Hydroponic vegetable farming contributes to farmers' household income. This training and mentoring activity was carried out in Tanjung Redeb Village, Tanjung Redeb District. The results of a study on a cooperative member who farms vegetables by implementing hydroponic technology showed that there was an increase in income for farmer households/cooperative members because the income from vegetable farming contributed to family income of 38.83%.
UJI COBA JENIS TANAMAN DALAM REKLAMASI LAHAN PASCA TAMBANG DI DESA BATUAH KEC. LOA JANAN, KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Jumani Jumani , Syahfari Helda , Yahya Zuhdi , Kamarubayana Legowo , Azham Zikri , Emawati Heni , Khasanah Lailatul , Fattah Muhammad Ali Al , Muhidin Muhidin
Published: January 2025

Aktivitas pertambangan memberikan kotribusi terhadap perekonomian terhadap masyarakat namun lahan pasca tambang menjadi permasalahan pada kesuburan tanah untuk pemulihan lahan secara normal. Uji coba jenis tanaman lokal menjadi pilihan dengan harapan dapat tumbuh karena sesuai dengan adaptasi lingkungan alaminya. Metode dalam abdimas ini adalah dilaksanakan penanaman jenis buah di lahan pasca tambang PT. Komunitas Bangun Bersama, Site Batuah, Kecamatan Loa Janan, Kutai Kartanegara. Hasil dalam kegiatan abdimas ini telah di tanaman buah-buahan di lahan bekas tambang yang telah ditunjuk oleh perusahaan. Penanaman buah-buahan lokal sebanyak 100 bibit. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat reklamasi bekas tambang dengan penanaman jeni buah-buahan berjalan dengan baik. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat reklamasi bekas tambang dengan penanaman jenis buah-buahan mendapatkan respon yang antusias dari masyarakat yang terlibat langsung dalam penanaman.
Factors Influencing State Management of Healthcare Financing in Northern Vietnam's Public Hospitals
Authors: Nguyen Nga Phuong
Published: January 2025

Healthcare plays a crucial role in enhancing the well-being of people across all social strata. In Vietnam, public hospitals are vital institutions under state supervision, responsible for providing medical care and improving the quality of life. Recent reforms in healthcare financing, including policies promoting autonomy and socialization in public hospitals, have significantly improved service quality and operational efficiency. However, challenges such as inefficiencies in financial management and slow adaptation to new mechanisms persist, affecting the overall effectiveness of healthcare administration. This study explores key factors influencing the state management of healthcare financing in public hospitals in Northern Vietnam, focusing on their implications for operational efficiency and patient satisfaction. The findings aim to inform actionable policy recommendations for enhancing healthcare quality and sustainability.
Мале підприємництво в умовах трансформації економіки регіону
Authors:   Мукачівський державний університет, Королович О.О.
Published: January 2025

У монографічному дослідженні запропоновано концептуальні підходи до формування регіональної політики підтримки та розвитку малого підприємництва як важливого інструменту секторально-структурної перебудови економіки, розроблено організаційно-економічний механізм стимулювання розвитку малих підприємств у пріоритетних сферах економіки регіону. Обґрунтовано доцільність використання тригерної моделі забезпечення фінансової безпеки діяльності малого підприємництва як сукупності елементарних динамічних та статичних складових механізму фінансової безпеки.
Діяльність інтернатних закладів Закарпаття (перша половина ХХ століття)
Authors:   Мукачівський державний університет, Черепаня М.
Published: January 2025

У монографії на основі дослідження документальних матеріалів Державного архіву Закарпатської області обґрунтовано соціально-педагогічні умови процесу становлення та розвитку закладів інтернатного типу Закарпаття першої половини ХХ ст. На основі визначених хронологічних меж та об’єктивно-історичних умов виокремлено основні етапи у становленні та розвитку закладів інтернатного типу: І етап (1901 – 1919 рр.) – створення нормативно-правової бази для функціонування державних закладів інтернатного типу; ІІ етап (1919 – 1938 рр.) – удосконалення системи освітньо-виховної роботи в закладах інтернатного типу; ІІІ етап (1939 – 1944 рр.) – згортання педагогічної практики інтернатної освіти, поширення впливу на розвиток релігійних та громадських організацій. Визначено особливості організації, підпорядкування та управління, кадрового забезпечення та змісту діяльності закладів інтернатного типу Закарпаття в ме жах кожного етапу. Актуалізовано конструктивний ретродосвід діяльності закладів інтернатного типу в Закарпатті першої половини ХХ століття в умовах реформування сучасної інтернатної освіти в Україні. Наукова монографія слугуватиме вагомим джерелом для подальших розвідок науковців, викладачів і здобувачів закладів вищої освіти та поціновувачів історії вітчизняної педагогіки
Local structure modeling of iron doped triglycine sulphate single crystals
Authors: Bharati M. , Singh V. , Kripal Ram
Published: January 2025

Zero field splitting parameters of iron doped triglycine sulphate single crystals are evaluated with the help of superposition model and the perturbation theory. These parameters are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values taking local distortion into account. The theoretical result supports the experimental observation that iron occupies interstitial position in triglycine sulphate crystal. Using crystal field analysis program with crystal field parameters from superposition model as input, the optical spectra of the system are computed. A reasonable match between the computed and experimental energy values is obtained. Thus the theoretical investigation supports the experimental conclusion. The present modeling approach may be useful in other ion-host systems to explore crystals for technological and industrial applications.