bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hospitality Industry in the 1990s: Some Critical Developments
Authors: Teare Richard
Published: September 2004

Important developments in the hospitality industry in
the 1980s are reviewed and their implications for the
1990s discussed. It is proposed that social and
demographic changes will continue to produce a great
influence on the demand for hospitality services.
Continued success in the 1990s will depend on effective
response to changes in the marketplace. In particular,
it is foreseen that European firms are likely to expand
in the early 1990s as they compete in the Single
European Market; and there will also be more
opportunities on a global scale, particularly in areas
such as the Asia Pacific region.
Universal Product Codes: An Adjunct to Traditional
Saleforce Controls
Authors: Teich Ira
Published: September 2004

Marketing affects and supports the entire organisation.
Improvements or reductions in waste within the firm will also have an
impact on the firm′s marketing effort. Marketing functions, such as
financing the sale, risk taking, storing products, and transporting
cannot be eliminated. The article considers the traditional methods of
cost controls and applications of technology by the salesforce.
Professional Practice Development
Authors: Simmons Michael
Published: September 2004

The book under review covers the rise and fall of a well‐known
American Law firm. Successful marketing must be backed up by a product
or service which is adequately delivered by an ethically and respectably
managed organisation.
Maximising Financial Services: Sophisticated Database
Marketing
Authors: Taylor John , Oake John
Published: September 2004

As the financial market experiences the consequences of nearing
retail saturation together with an increasingly demanding consumer,
financial concerns need to understand and react to their customers. The
degree of rationalisation within the sector means players such as the
Derbyshire Building Society must (a) maximise those capital assets which
indicate potential and (b) develop effective and profitable new and
existing outlets to strengthen their trading base. The development of an
information environment which evolved from a close relationship between
the Derbyshire Building Society and Market Profiles Ltd is described.
The objective was to develop a quantifiable framework for strategic and
tactical decision making, through the provision of a highly flexible and
interactive PC‐based marketing information system capable of integration
with a longer‐term mainframe solution. This was designed to make the
Derbyshire more proactive in its marketing activity.
Strategy in the Making: A Case Study
Authors: Espey James
Published: September 2004

A case study is given of International Distillers & Vintners
(UK) Limited (IDV (UK)) and an assessment made of the viability of
translating theory into practice in the real world – the
importance of having a strategy, of strategic planning, and having a
success factor as a key component of an organisation′s competitive
advantage. Following the appointment of a new managing director at IDV
(UK) in 1982, three goals were established: (1) to more than double
profits within five years; (2) to increase return on capital employed by
almost 50 per cent within five years; and (3) to be the outstanding wine
and spirit company in the UK. A sound strategy was required to achieve
these goals. The historic background of the organisation is given and
the strategic position of IDV (UK) in relation to its competitors and
market share is described. A review of the state of the market is given
and possible areas for expansion discussed. The quality and pedigree of
certain brands and the quality and strength of leadership are proposed
as the success factors upon which IDV (UK) could build. Details are
given of how the organisation built upon these factors to achieve
strategic success; the lessons learned; and the level of achievement and
success in the marketplace.
Creating a Marketing Intelligentsia
Authors: Wills Gordon , Bruce Bev , Duncan Timmie
Published: September 2004

Database marketing is scarcely comprehended by marketing
professional practitioners as yet but its potential is becoming clear.
It not only revolutionises the productivity of direct marketing but
transforms the effectiveness of salesforce prospecting, marketing
research and channel management. The evolution of database marketing at
MCB University Press is described and analysed over the past 15 years.
The intrapreneurial and behavioural dimensions of development and
implementation are traced and guidance provided for those who accept
that good computer systems grow from within rather than arrive from
without the enterprise.
International Journal of Bank Marketing
Authors: Watkins Trevor
Published: September 2004

The development of marketing, both in theory and practice can now
be seen in a number of educational developments. The article reviews the
introduction of a marketing syllabus and the launch of the Chartered
Institute of Marketing′s Marketing Financial Services syllabus within
the Diploma examinations of the CIM.
International Journal of Physical Distribution &
Logistics Management
Authors: Stock James
Published: September 2004

The use of logistics as a tool with which to secure competitive
advantage is revealed in two studies within the transportation sector.
The first to evaluate the impact of deregulation and technology within
transportation; the second study offering a “big” picture of
third party logistics and its popularity as a viable option for many
manufacturing and merchandising firms.
International Journal of Physical Distribution &
Logistics Management
Authors: Stock James
Published: September 2004

Looks at different aspects of competitiveness emerging from this
year′s new books – the international race for supremacy, the
contribution of logistics towards commercial success, and benchmarking
vis‐a‐vis both the company and the customer.
International Journal of Retail & Distribution
Management
Authors: Fernie John
Published: September 2004

Reviews an article that attempts to assess the scale of pricing
errors in supermarkets due to faulty scanning, research revealing a 4.29
per cent error rate.
International Journal of Physical Distribution &
Logistics Management
Authors: Stock James R.
Published: September 2004

Reviews a book focused on green marketing management, weak on its
logistical implications; and a journal article looking at service
quality in the transportation industry.
THE ART OF BONSAI IN MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gledhill Michael
Published: September 2004

This article describes an approach to learning that is alive since
it incorporates the Art of Bonsai (miniature trees). The author outlines
the background to some of his designs that assist in the transfer of
learning and which uses a common language. He describes some possible
uses for companies which could benefit from such an approach in their
organisational and management development programmes and concludes with
a challenge for the reader.
LEARNING AND TRAINING: A MATTER OF STYLE
Authors: Ament Linda M.
Published: September 2004

It is proposed that both trainers and learners have individual
styles, and sometimes institutions also have a preferred teaching style.
The potential uses of identified learning styles in groups are
described. Diagnostic instruments available in North America –
Kolb, Myers Briggs, Guglielmino, Jacobs‐Fuhrman – are reviewed.
DON QUIXOTE: A DIALOGUE WITH A TRAINER – A REPLY TO
LINDA MILLER′S ARTICLE
Authors: Canning Roy
Published: September 2004

An allegorical reply is given to Linda Miller′s article,
“Managerial Competences”. “The translating of easy
languages argues neither wit nor elocution”. Yet, competence
training remains a laudable exercise.
A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Galagedera Don U.A.
Published: September 2004

Industrialists often complain that management graduates are far
from reality. As a remedy, institutes of higher education have
introduced “industrial training” as a component in academic
programmes. A reason attributed for failure of training programmes is
inappropriate assessment. Therefore, the training programme should be of
structured type and allow for the assessment of the trainee′s level of
accomplishment in familiarisation with the working environment, in
knowledge enhancement and in ability to apply the concepts and theories
learned.
DEVELOPING THE ORGANIZATION THROUGH TEAMWORKING INITIATIVES
Authors: Preston Bob
Published: September 2004

Posits that while team development has become fashionable managers
are often uncertain about its value to their business and what is
required from the organization to support its introduction. Explores
some key questions faced by managers and answers are supported by case
studies and examples. Outlines the benefits of team development
initiatives for major organizational change and emphasizes the need to
fully support the introduction of teamworking to maximize its impact.
Considers various problems and pitfalls and ways of overcoming these
difficulties, and details a team development process for those
interested in what actually happens to the teams.
Flexible Working Practices for Women Returners
Authors: Luckock Sandra
Published: September 2004

The possibility of introducing flexible working practices is
investigated, focusing on the position of area catering supervisor in
Sutcliffe Catering Ltd. The investigation was carried out in the light
of demographic changes currently facing British industry. It is
concluded that the position of Area Catering Supervisor can be made
flexible by either introducing flexible working practices within the job
description or by introducing flexible arrangements that do not change
the structure of the job, but enable tasks to be conducted more easily.
It is recommended that these changes are introduced in two stages
comprising short‐term and long‐term initiatives.
Executive Development for Hospital Managers
Authors: Tofts Anne
Published: September 2004

The UK National Health Service is undergoing a radical period of
change. The changes represent a massive challenge and opportunity for
those who manage healthcare in the UK. South East Thames Regional Health
Authority′s programme for developing their top managers for future roles
in the National Health Service is outlined. A competencebased approach
is described, using development centres to identify individual needs.
The focus of the programme is on helping individuals to recognise and
effectively use the development opportunities that already exist in
their organisation. The author has managed this programme since its
inception in September 1990 and summarises the research process used to
identify competence models for executive roles, and the aim and
structure for the development centre. Some issues and learning evolving
from this ongoing management development programme are introduced. South
East Thames are encouraging hospitals to develop the learning
organisation concept with the intention that learning opportunities are
created for individuals while the organisation is transformed as a
whole.
International Marketing and Competition in European Markets
Authors: Crawford‐Welch Simon
Published: September 2004

This places the industry within the dynamic environment provided by
the push towards the free movement of goods and overall market
liberalisation within the European Community as codified in the
“1992” measures. The challenge of adopting a truly global
approach to international marketing is discussed, and several potential
approaches offered: in particular low‐cost and service‐enhancement
strategies are debated.
Spatial Planning for Hotel Design
Authors: Kerr Forster Associates Pannell
Published: September 2004

Considers the benefits of allocating the correct space to each of a
hotel′s various functions. Stresses the importance of appropriate
distance between, and access to, inter‐related services; and avoiding
congestion when operating leisure and conference facilities. Discusses
car parking and lists common design faults in hotel planning.
Bendix builds a six‐machine FMS
Authors: Hollingum J.
Published: September 2004

Examines the progressive introduction of a large FMS by Bendix
Heavy Vehicles. Discusses the reasons for installing FMS: the need for
batch production, reduction of labour content, and reduction of
in‐process inventory, as well as details of the system itself, in
particular scheduling and tool wear measurement. Concludes that FMS has
improved quality, reduced lead time and has the added benefit of giving
customers the perception of the company as a technology leader.
Design and Implementation of Integrated Production Control
Systems
Authors: Luscombe Martyn
Published: September 2004

There has been much discussion on the merits of different
production control philosophies, particularly MRPII, OPT and JIT. A
consensus is emerging that these philosophies are not mutually
exclusive, and some companies are beginning to mix and match different
approaches to meet their particular needs. The design of hybrid
production control systems requires the establishment of a theory of
production control that embraces, but is independent of, the
well‐defined philosophies of MRPII, OPT and JIT. Without such an
understanding of production control there is no framework within which
to build hybrid production control systems. Five universal principles of
production control are set out, and it is shown how these principles can
be used to construct the Integrated Production Control (IPC) Model. This
model provides the conceptual framework necessary for the design of
hybrid production control systems. The relationships of MRPII, OPT, and
kanban, the classical JIT scheduling system, are explored, and areas of
strength and weakness identified.
The Role of Technology in Small and Medium‐sized
Enterprises
Authors: Lee Gloria L.
Published: September 2004

In Britain there has been considerable growth in the small firms
sector during the 1980s. Whilst some have been at the forefront of
technological innovation, many others outside the high‐tech area have
been more reluctant to change. Aspects of the role of small firms in the
economy are noted and some of the helps and hindrances to technological
innovation in such firms are reviewed. Four company cases from the
components industry are featured, outlining how these companies
introduced various types of technological change to improve quality and
integrate their manufacturing processes. The factors which led them to
consider technological change and the ways in which they managed the
process are outlined in relation to market pressures. Their experiences
point to the importance of human factors and training within strategies
for change.
Management of Computer‐integrated Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Boubekri Nourredine , Ip Chi‐Ming , Aboudi Ronny
Published: September 2004

A methodology of integrating the functions of engineering design
and manufacturing in a production environment is described. A hybrid
approach using quality function deployment (QFD) and multi‐objective
optimisation techniques is developed. The purpose of this methodology is
to alleviate the problem of uni‐directional flow of information and to
eliminate the subjective decision making of the QFD approach.
Attracting the retailer – the information weapon
Authors: Thurman I.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the difficulties facing retailers whose profitability has
fallen while sales have risen, and the effects this has on the retail
property market. Identifies the financial health of the retailers,
discerning customers, occupation cost uncertainty, boom in floorspace,
and competition from the non‐property market as factors which require a
marketing effort by the property industry. Concludes that the use of
information is vital for the property market to attract retailers.
Government and the housing associations: an unlikely
romance
Authors: Coleman D.
Published: September 2004

Examines the relationship between the Government and private
housing associations within the framework of rented housing reform.
Identifies the factors which limit housing associations and may prevent
later more genuinely private sector involvement in low‐cost rented
housing provision. Concludes that the finance of housing associations
should be carefully watched in the light of recent legislation intended
to implement the Government′s Manifesto.
New VAT regulations for the property and construction
industry
Authors: Davis B.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the changes in UK tax legislation concerning VAT and the
property and construction industry, specifically the ruling that the
zero rating of certain supplies in the industry was not permitted under
EC law. Concludes that knowledge of the new legislation is important to
those involved in the property industry, and that it should be studied
carefully; although definitions of what may be zero‐rated and what
constitutes a new building have clarified most issues.
The provision of small starter units and the creation of a
profitable development
Authors: Foster J.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the stages involved in providing and maintaining a
profitable development of starter units for small businesses, covering
change in user profile, the licence agreement, service provision,
tenants′ needs, environmental improvements, creating demand, funding,
ongoing management, and rental growth. Concludes that the provision of
small units evolves many other community benefits, aiding urban
regeneration while being profitable for the developer.
Rent review – Recent developments
Authors: Taylor A.
Published: September 2004

Examines the problems of rent review for all parties involved with
reference to recent case law. Summarizes that recent decisions have
upheld the principle that the tenant pays for what he actually receives,
subject to clear words to the contrary in the rent review provision,
although this certainty has been eroded in cases involving problems of
construction, which have been decided in a way apparently contrary to
the above principle.
Information technology – the changing nature of local
government property management
Authors: Jenkins David , Gronow Stuart , Prescott Gwyn
Published: September 2004

Explores how information technology (IT) can help local authorities
to better manage their property. Sets out a summary procedure for the
development of an IT strategy. Defines the role of the “property
professional”. Offers Cardiff City Council as role model.
Concludes that two scathing Audit Commission Reports of 1988 offer a
baseline from which local government may start improvements in property
management.
Contractual warranties – building failure: reducing
the risks
Authors: Harling Marcus
Published: September 2004

Explains the need for contractual warranty. Outlines some uses.
Describes the background to the warranty. Examines it role from a
practical viewpoint. Advises that in any commercial situation, if
reliance is placed upon the performance of another, a well‐thought out
warranty should be considered.
Management of fire safety
Authors: Porter Alan
Published: September 2004

Looks at the importance of management in fire safety and the range
of issues it covers. Covers organisation, procedures, structural
provisions, maintenance, staff training, external contractors and
tenants. Concludes that all provisions for fire safety ultimately depend
on the quality of management.
The impact of VAT on construction of commercial property
Authors: Bennett Robert J.
Published: September 2004

Examines the impact of the 1989 Finance Act, imposing VAT on the
construction sector. Concludes that there will be major discouragement
to many development projects. Concludes that the worst‐hit elements are:
financial sector tenants, weaker local property markets, large complex
projects and commercial but “subject to contract”
agreements.
The 1987 use classes order
Authors: Taylor Nicholas
Published: September 2004

Looks at the response of local authorities to the 1987 Town &
Country Planning Use Classes Order. Reviews the response of the
Department of the Environment (DoE) to planning appeals. Concludes that
the DoE have upheld most appeals where local authorities have attempted
to restrict the effects of the Order.
Mutual recognition of professional qualifications: some
institutional implications
Authors: Plimmer Frances , Gronow Stuart
Published: September 2004

Examines the provisions of the Directive from the European
Community to allow professionally qualified individuals to practise
anywhere in the Union, from the perspective of the Royal Institute of
Chartered Surveyors. Speculates particularly on how the Directive will
affect a practicioner in the General Practice Division. Concludes that
the Directive poses problems but opens up opportunities. Poses the
question “what is a chartered surveyor?”.
Service charges – who needs them?
Authors: Wyldbore‐Smith Michael
Published: September 2004

Gives a guide to service charges. Reviews their shortcomings.
Concludes that they are of more benefit to tenants and landlords than
the alternatives.
The importance of preventative maintenance
Authors: Bishop Tom
Published: September 2004

Offers a check list of some environmental systems within a building
that require preventive maintenance (PM), together with typical faults
due to deterioration. Argues that a lack of PM will lead to expensive
breakdown of capital equipment. Advises the use of a qualified
contractor, registered to ISO 9000. Concludes that the essence of good
maintenance is prevention rather than cure.
Taxation and the house
Authors: Parsons Geoff
Published: September 2004

Examines aspects of taxation which may be of interest to the
property manager. Restricts the scope to an estate which includes one or
more houses, with reference to capital gains tax. Discusses issues
around: what is a house or garden, what is occupancy, who is the owner,
and what happens when the owner dies.
IBM property and the it factor – a user experience
Authors: Jack John
Published: September 2004

Describes IBM′s experiences of its property portfolio in the 1980s.
Explains what the company is doing as a result of lessons learnt. Gives
background to IBM. Emphasises that the office layout and design must
change with changing IT technology. Anticipates how an intelligent
environment control system will save 20% in operating costs. Argues
that, whereas the total replacement of the office by home working is a
myth, there will be a significant change in work patterns. Accuses the
property industry of being ′Luddite′ in not using the author′s company.
VAT and property management: current details
Authors: Wells Andrew D.
Published: September 2004

Highlights some issues surrounding the UK value added tax treatment
of transactions involving land and buildings. Discusses the problem
concerning the making of exempt or partially exempt supplies, the option
to waive the VAT exemption in respect of land and buildings, and the
scheme designed to deal with changes in the extent of taxable use of
significant capital purchases.
The grim reaper: a brief survey of bankruptcy and its
effects
Authors: Dodds G.W.M.
Published: September 2004

States the two factors affecting how much a creditor can recover to
be: the size of the state; and how that estate is distributed. Considers
the status of secured debts, costs of bankruptcy, preferred debts,
distress, ordinary debts, deferred debts and specially deferred debts in
order of precedence in distribution of an estate.
The Housing and Urban Development Bill: implications for
residential property management
Authors: Kane C.
Published: September 2004

Considers the implications for property managers of the new Housing
and Urban Development Bill. Examines the new law relating to the
approval of codes of practice, and the proposals by the RICS and ARMA.
Concludes that the Bill is a step towards building a practical,
professional future for an industry which needs to raise its standards.
In response to the terrorist threat: the security plan
Authors: Holtorp P.
Published: September 2004

Outlines the types of devices used by terrorists. Discusses how the
terrorist threat can be assessed, how a building can be physically
protected and how the property manager should respond to the perceived
threat, both practically and reactively. Summarizes that the property
manager′s security plan should consist of the identification of risks,
physical protection measures, and the physical and procedural action
that can be taken to reduce the risk of terrorism or deal with it should
it occur.
Considerations influencing relocation
Authors: Abel John
Published: September 2004

Summarizes recent research into factors affecting relocation
decisions for large companies moving from central London to other parts
of the UK. Surmises that while cost is important, the five key criteria
in the choice of premises are: proximity to major road networks, a
modern prestigious building, good car parking, flexible space at the
right price, and a comfortable and secure working environment. Concludes
that with care at all development stages, relocation can generate both
economic and environmental benefits.
BUILDING THE EMPOWERED ORGANIZATION
Authors: Exley Margaret
Published: September 2004

Building an empowered organization can deliver many benefits:
continuous improvement in quality and productivity; reduced operational
costs; reduced need for supervision; greater job ownership and
commitment; clearer goals; enhanced job satisfaction. The financial
rewards are obvious. But empowerment is not a quick fix for a
fundamentally flawed commercial strategy or ineffective work processes.
It takes time to build an empowered organization which is then more
fundamentally aligned with the core business.
THE EMPOWERMENT PROCESS IN A GIANT KOREAN CONGLOMERATE‐THE
LUCKY‐GOLDSTAR GROUP
Authors: Lee Yoon R. , Lazarus Harold
Published: September 2004

Shows how Mr Cha‐Kyung Koo, Chairman of the Lucky‐Goldstar Group
(one of the three larger conglomerates in South Korea), successfully
initiated and implemented empowerment in his organization. Empowerment
is the process of sharing power with employees, motivating them, and
holding them responsible for continuous improvements. The process
includes: (1) setting meaningful and mutually‐determined goals; (2)
motivating employees to achieve those goals; (3) designing jobs so
employees can utilize their creativity; and (4) rewarding outstanding
performance. The empowerment process in Lucky‐Goldstar begins with
autonomous management, i.e. with delegation of authority to each
“culture unit”. Using internal financial audits and
results‐oriented appraisals as two strong control mechanisms, each
culture unit strives to perform effectively and efficiently. In that
process Lucky‐Goldstar provides supportive actions to help the unit
continuously improve performance. After each year′s performance, a
“consensus meeting” and “signing ceremony” take
place to confirm the intense commitment that is required to make the
process successful.
THE FORMATIVE EFFECT OF SOCIALISATION ON ORGANISATION
CLIMATE
Authors: Turnipseed David L. , Turnipseed Patricia H.
Published: September 2004

A study was conducted using two school districts in a state school
system as example organisations to illustrate the formative effect of
socialisation on climate. Interviews were conducted with superintendents
and principals, while teachers completed questionnaires and documents
were inspected. The results clearly illustrate a relationship between
the socialisation practices of the two organisations and their climates.
The subtle signals sent out by managers were largely responsible for the
socialisation processes and it is suggested that managers from all
organisations can create the same effects.
CAREER MANAGEMENT FOR TODAY′S MBAs
Authors: Howley Michael
Published: September 2004

The increase in the number of MBAs in the UK and the
rationalisation and restructuring of British companies mean that an MBA
alone is not enough to guarantee a successful career, particularly in
one company. The evidence indicates that MBAs must be prepared to find
new employment when necessary. A review is given of the bodies which can
provide help in this respect: recruitment agencies; executive search
firms; outplacement consultancies; the business schools; and career
management consultants. It is suggested that the most obvious source of
advice is career management consultants; the cost of their services is
relatively low compared with the total cost of obtaining the MBA itself.
Alien or Ally?
Authors: Harris R.W.
Published: September 2004

Points out that total quality management is being adopted by a number of
universities and colleges, but the meaning of the phrase varies from
institution to institution. Distinguishes four applications and then
goes on to explore the managerial implications of TQM in the context of
the application to higher education of the imperatives of new public
management. Concludes that our understanding of quality has changed as
new managerial techniques have been introduced, and argues that a
sympathetic introduction of TQM principles can help to reinforce
academic quality and values through changing expectations among higher
education′s stakeholders.
Knowledge Management Benchmarks
Authors: Chase Rory L.
Published: September 2004

Knowledge Management is now one of the major driving forces of organizational change and wealth creation. This paper reviews some of the major concepts and approaches as discussed at a recent international congress on the subject. Beginning with an examination of some of the factors propelling the global knowledge economy, the paper then explores knowledge‐based organizational strategy, illustrated by a number of case studies from leading practitioners, including British Petroleum, Glaxo Wellcome, ICL, Nokia Telecommunications, the UK Post Office and Zeneca Pharmaceuticals. The concept of intellectual capital lies at the heart of Knowledge Management. Some companies define intellectual capital in terms of value creation, for others it is value extraction. The two different approaches, illustrated by Skandia and the Dow Chemical Company, are reviewed, along with a new tool for measuring intellectual capital.
Interest rate exposure and the Basle proposals
Authors: Ashenhurst John
Published: September 2004

Expresses concern that the Basle proposals do not accord with current UK institutions principles and outlines areas, in great detail, which need to be addressed. States there are three main concerns for UK bankers, these are: the banking book is not defined; management of exposure differs between institutions; and measurement of exposure also differs between institutions. Defines the banking book as also being different between institutions but can appear to encompass everything that is not trading. Discusses management of interest rate exposure, its measurement, the regulator’s approach and last, the practitioner’s approach. Concludes that the current European Consultation Document is contrary to UK institutions’ principles.
The language of risk: why the future of risk reporting is spelled XBRL
Authors: Garthwaite Charles
Published: September 2004

This article explores the impact that XBRL, the new business reporting language, will have on reporting in financial services companies. The author explains how XBRL works and how it should mean that companies and users of corporate information will be able to use financial services, which is much more reliant than other business entities on simple data, will be able to assess the impact of the financials in a much faster and more fluent way. The author provides a short research programme to prove XBRL’s impact.
Winners and losers in the search for strategic excellence
Authors: Haynes Daniell Mark
Published: September 2004

Looks at some case studies from the world of global risk management and analyses their successes and failures.
The challenges of enterprise risk management
Authors: Galloway Duncan , Funston Rick
Published: September 2004

Looks at the benefits of embedding a risk management capability across a whole enterprise. Gives particular consideration to the creation of such a culture, outlining four factors characterizing this environment. Covers three key risk areas, and provides a model of the governance structure and infrastructure elements required.
Bloomsday 2004
Authors: MacCabe Colin
Published: September 2004

The sixteenth of June 2004 saw the centenary of Bloomsday, the temporal setting of James Joyce's novel Ulysses. Dublin seemed given over to the anniversary of a book not a word of which was written in Ireland, and all over the world there were celebrations A secular feast where people of almost all languages and certainly all literatures were linked together to commemorate a day. But what does the day commemorate? Not the death of a god, nor the delivery of a people from an avenging angel, nor even the establishment of the rule of the just. I think it is generally agreed by Joyce scholars that it marks James Joyce's first date with Nora Barnacle.
Hark, hark …
Authors: Green Jonathon
Published: September 2004

For all that both parties delight in language, and within language words, it is axiomatic that twixt linguists and lexicographers a gulf must always yawn. One need but peep into the discussion website of the American Dialect Society (mercifully open to those who are neither Americans nor dialecticians) to see the division in practice. The linguists ponder some usage arcana, say the similarities (or differences, or whatever they choose quite frankly, for I know on which side I stand) of the Gullah duh and the Periphrastic do.
Parasite infectivity and immunity to Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in Gambian children
Authors: Drakeley C. J. , Eling W. , Teelen K. , Bousema J. T. , Sauerwein R. , Greenwood B. M. , Targett G. A. T.
Published: September 2004

Immunity to the sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum can be induced during natural infections. Characterization of this immunity may facilitate the design of a transmission‐blocking vaccine (TBV). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and serological correlates of functional transmission‐blocking immunity in Gambian children (aged 1–4 years old) who were P. falciparum gametocyte carriers. Serological assays showed 100% response to fixed, whole parasites but only 42% to live gametes. Responses to the antigens Pfs230 and Pfs48/45 were 54·1% and 37·3%, respectively, in an IgG1 ELISA. 14/55 sera were capable of reducing the infectivity of laboratory isolate NF54 in a standard membrane‐feeding assay (SMFA). This activity was strongly correlated with IgG1 responses to Pfs48/45 (r = 0·49, P < 0·001) and to a serological reaction with epitopes of the same molecule (r = 0·38, P = 0·003). A weaker correlation was observed with IgG1 to Pfs230 (r = 0·29, P = 0·03). In direct membrane feeding assays (DMFA) with autologous isolates, sera from 4/29 children showed transmission‐blocking activity. There was no correlation with serological assays and the DMFA or between the SMFA and DMFA. This may be caused by variation in sexual stage antigens and/or alternative modes of transmission‐blocking immunity, both of which have implications for vaccine implementation.
Establishment Risks for Invasive Species
Authors: Bartell Steven M. , Nair Shyam K.
Published: September 2004

This article presents a quantitative methodology for evaluating the probability of invasive pest species establishing persistent populations. The estimation of pest establishment relies on data and information describing the biology and ecology of the pest and its interactions with potential host species and the regional environment. This information is developed using a model construct borrowed from theoretical population ecology. The methodology for estimating the probability of pest establishment is part of an overall framework that explores the implications of reductions in pest invasions on subsequent establishment. The risk reduction framework integrates the engineering aspects of different technologies for reducing pest entry, the biology and ecology of pest species, the suitability of potentially susceptible hosts, and the quality of available habitats. The methodology for estimating the risk of establishment is presented using an example pest, the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), which has been introduced into the United States via solid wood packing materials (SWPM) used in international commerce. Uncertainties inherent to the estimation of model parameters that determine the risk of establishment are defined, quantified, and propagated through the population model. Advantages and limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed along with recommendations to make the approach more useful in the management of risks posed by the establishment of pest populations.
Bioeconomics of Managing the Spread of Exotic Pest Species with Barrier Zones
Authors: Sharov Alexei A.
Published: September 2004

Exotic pests are serious threats to North American ecosystems; thus, economic analysis of decisions about eradication, stopping, or slowing their spread may be critical to ecosystem management. The proposed bioeconomic model assumes that the rate of population expansion can be reduced (even to negative values in a case of eradication) if certain management actions are taken along the population front. The area of management can be viewed as a dynamic barrier zone that moves together with the population front. The lower is the target rate of spread, the higher would be both benefits and costs of the project. The problem is to find the optimal target rate of spread at which the present value of net benefits from managing population spread reaches its maximum value. If a population spreads along an infinite habitat strip, the target rate of spread is optimal if the slope of the cost function versus the rate of spread is equal to the ratio of the average pest‐related damage per unit time and unit area to the discount rate. In a more complex model where the potential area of expansion is limited, two local maxima of net benefits may exist: one for eradication and another for slowing the spread. If both maxima are present, their heights are compared and the strategy that corresponds to a higher value of net benefits is selected. The optimal strategy changes from eradication to slowing the spread and finally to doing nothing as the area occupied by the species increases. The model shows that slowing the spread of pest species generates economic benefits even if a relatively small area remains uninfested. The cost of slowing the spread can be estimated from a model of population expansion via establishment of isolated colonies beyond the moving front. The model is applied to managing the spread of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations in the United States.
A Discussion of Findings and Their Possible Implications from a Workshop on Bioterrorism Threat Assessment and Risk Management
Authors: Zilinskas Raymond A. , Hope Bruce , North D. Warner
Published: September 2004

In November 2001, the Monterey Institute of International Studies convened a workshop on bioterrorism threat assessment and risk management. Risk assessment practitioners from various disciplines, but without specialized knowledge of terrorism, were brought together with security and intelligence threat analysts to stimulate an exchange that could be useful to both communities. This article, prepared by a subset of the participants, comments on the workshop's findings and their implications and makes three recommendations, two short term (use of threat assessment methodologies and vulnerability analysis) and one long term (application of quantitative risk assessment and modeling), regarding the practical application of risk assessment methods to bioterrorism issues.
A Risk‐Based Approach to Setting Priorities in Protecting Bridges Against Terrorist Attacks
Authors: Leung Maria , Lambert James H. , Mosenthal Alexander
Published: September 2004

This article presents an approach to the problem of terrorism risk assessment and management by adapting the framework of the risk filtering, ranking, and management method. The assessment is conducted at two levels: (1) the system level, and (2) the asset‐specific level. The system‐level risk assessment attempts to identify and prioritize critical infrastructures from an inventory of system assets. The definition of critical infrastructures offered by Presidential Decision Directive 63 was used to determine the set of attributes to identify critical assets—categorized according to national, regional, and local impact. An example application is demonstrated using information from the Federal Highway Administration National Bridge Inventory for the State of Virginia. Conversely, the asset‐specific risk assessment performs an in‐depth analysis of the threats and vulnerabilities of a specific critical infrastructure. An illustration is presented to offer some insights in risk scenario identification and prioritization, multiobjective evaluation of management options, and extreme‐event analysis for critical infrastructure protection.
Influences on Adolescent Self‐Esteem in Multicultural Canadian Secondary Schools
Authors: Khanlou Nazilla
Published: September 2004

Abstract  This study examined the global and current self‐esteem levels of adolescents in a community sample of 550 secondary school students in Canada. A cross‐sectional design and the survey method were used. Respondents' individual (age and gender) and environmental (cultural background, acculturating group, family circumstances, and perception of support) attributes were considered. Influences that promoted or challenged their current self‐esteem were examined. Eighteen percent of respondents and 43.4% of respondents' parents were immigrants. When the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem scale was used, 27.6% of respondents had the highest global self‐esteem level; when the Current Self‐Esteem scale was used, 12.7% had the highest current self‐esteem level. A significant gender difference was found, with male adolescents having higher self‐esteem. The results indicate that, although self‐esteem promotion can benefit from lifestyle‐oriented activities, its growth takes place in the larger context of adolescents' relationships, school‐related experiences, achievements, and attitudes toward themselves. The study findings can contribute to mental health promotion strategies in multicultural and immigrant‐receiving community settings.
First observation of herpes‐like virus particles in northern pike, Esox lucius L., associated with bluespot‐like disease in Ireland
Authors: Graham D A , Curran W L , Geoghegan F , McKiernan F , Foyle K L
Published: September 2004

Circular whitish granular lesions, 5–12 mm in diameter, were observed on the skin and fins of a wild northern pike, Esox lucius, caught in a lake in the Republic of Ireland. Histological examination of the lesions revealed hypertrophied cells in the epidermis with deeply basophilic enlarged nuclei and dark‐staining granular material in the cytoplasm. Transmission electron microscopy of these cells revealed naked hexagonal herpes‐like virus nucleocapsids (97 ± 7 nm) in their nuclei while the cytoplasm contained multiple aggregates of enveloped viral particles. This is the first report of herpes‐like virus particles in northern pike originating outside North America, where esocid herpesvirus‐1 (EsHV‐1) has previously been reported. Shared clinical, histological, morphological and epidemiological findings suggest that the observed particles in this report may also be EsHV‐1.
Screening of SLC26A4 (PDS) gene in Pendred's syndrome: a large spectrum of mutations in France and phenotypic heterogeneity
Authors: Blons H , Feldmann D , Duval V , Messaz O , Denoyelle F , Loundon N , Sergout‐Allaoui A , Houang M , Duriez F , Lacombe D , Delobel B , Leman J , Catros H , Journel H , Drouin‐Garraud V , Obstoy M‐F , Toutain A , Oden S , Toublanc JE , Couderc R , Petit C , Garabédian E‐N , Marlin S
Published: September 2004

Sensorineural hearing defect and goiter are common features of Pendred's syndrome. The clinical diagnosis of Pendred's syndrome remains difficult because of the lack of sensitivity and specificity of the thyroid signs. The identification of PDS as the causative gene allowed molecular screening and enabled a re‐evaluation of the syndrome to identify potential diagnostic characteristics. This report presents the clinical and genotypic findings of 30 French families, for whom a diagnosis of Pendred's syndrome had been made. Twenty‐seven families had at least one mutated allele. Twenty‐eight different mutations were identified, 11 of which had never been previously reported. The main clinical characteristics were: early hearing loss, fluctuation in terms of during deafness evolution, and the presence of an enlarged vestibular aqueduct.
Identification of two new HLA alleles: B*3546* and B*5611*. How reliable are the published HLA‐B intron 2 sequences?
Authors: Czachurski D. , Scherer S. , Gehrke S. , Laux G. , Opelz G. , Mytilineos J.
Published: September 2004

Abstract:  Polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific primer (PCR‐SSP) typing for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B in a male 25‐year‐old Caucasian individual of Iranian origin and in a 42‐year‐old German Caucasian bone marrow donor revealed reaction patterns that did not agree with any known HLA specificity, thus suggesting in both cases the existence of a novel allele. Sequence‐based typing (SBT) after allelic separation revealed the sequences of the new alleles HLA‐B*5611 and B*3546. The sequence patterns of both new alleles might have been generated as the results of double crossing over, possibly over several generations. During the analysis of the HLA‐B*3546 intron 2 sequence for possible crossing over points, a base insert, an additional G after position 700, was found. This insert was analyzed using SBT and PCR‐SSP and was found to be present not only in all samples carrying B*35, but also in all HLA‐B specificities tested. It appears that all known HLA‐B alleles may contain a G insert at position 700 of intron 2, and that the published intron 2 sequence alignments of the HLA‐B locus may contain errors at this position.
TNF‐α‐308A allele, a possible severity risk factor of hemorrhagic manifestation in dengue fever patients
Authors: Fernández‐Mestre M.T. , Gendzekhadze K. , Rivas‐Vetencourt P. , Layrisse Z.
Published: September 2004

Abstract:  Among the several hypothesis postulated to explain the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease, the model of immunopathogenesis is the most supported one with a likely important role played by the cascade of cytokines. This work describes single‐nucleotide polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐6, transforming growth factor‐β1, and IL‐10 in patients with dengue virus infections and analyzes their relation with clinical manifestations of the disease. Because cytokine gene polymorphisms affect cytokine production, the significant increase of the TNF‐308A allele we have observed among patients with dengue fever (DF) with hemorrhagic manifestations compared to patients with DF only indicates that the former patients are genetically predisposed to express higher levels of TNF‐α. This finding supports studies reporting a possible association between elevated levels of circulating TNF, vascular permeability, and hemorrhage in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Identification of two novel HLA class II alleles, DQB1*0311 and DQB1*0620
Authors: Hogbin J.‐P. , Greville W. , Chapman G. , Kennedy A. , Velickovic Z.M. , Dunckley H.
Published: September 2004

Abstract:  Two novel HLA class II alleles have been identified in routine typing of a kidney transplant patient and a cord blood unit from the Australian Cord Blood Bank in Sydney. Sequence analysis of exon 2 of the DQB1 genes revealed the novel polymorphism. A substitution of A to C at nucleotide position 136 has been identified for the DQB1*0311 allele when compared to the closest‐matched allele, DQB1*030201. An identical substitution has also been identified for the DQB1*0620 allele when compared to the closest‐matched allele, DQB1*0602. The substitution results in an amino acid change from methionine to leucine at position 46 implicating different specificity and affinity of antigen binding.