bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History as Dialogue: On Online Narrativity
Authors: Akker Chiel van den
Published: September 2015

Digital history covers a wide variety of information technology driven initiatives about the past. Many reflections on digital history either consider the auxiliary sciences of history or public history, whilst they tend to disregard historical understanding as it is traditionally achieved in the academic historical narrative. The problem is that the historical monograph no longer seems an appropriate model for historical understanding in a digital environment. How then, are we to conceptualise online historical understanding? Information technology, we are told, is participatory, interactive, dynamic, and collaborative, enabling direct communication. It can therefore be argued that the dialogue is the underlying concept of information technology. We may push this concept even further, at the risk of being misunderstood, and present it as an online alternative for academic history writing. The function of such an exercise is to underline and provoke a much needed reflection on historical understanding in the digital age. This article is part of the special issue 'Digital History'.
The Netherlands and the Polder Model: Questioning the Polder Model Concept
Authors: De Vries Jan
Published: September 2015

Prak and Van Zanden’s book Nederland en het poldermodel offers a succinct and vigorous account of a millennium of Dutch political economy by organising its development around the concept of the ‘polder model’. This assessment finds much to admire in the book, but subjects the polder model concept to critical questioning, among which: Does the polder model foster economic growth or does it simply require a rich society in order to function? Is the polder model specifically Dutch or broadly European? Is its modern form truly a linear descendant of the corporate bodies of earlier times? Is it really a ‘nursery of democracy’ or simply a ‘hothouse of rent seeking’? As an historical concept the polder model is a moreelusive term than appears at first sight. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Nederland en het poldermodel' (Maarten Prak and Jan Luiten van Zanden).Nederland en het poldermodelHet boek Nederland en het poldermodel van Prak en Van Zanden biedt een beknopt doch krachtig overzicht van maar liefst een millennium Nederlandse volkshuishoudkunde, door de ontwikkeling daarvan te beschrijven aan de hand van het begrip ‘poldermodel’. Er staat veel bewonderenswaardigs in het boek, maar dit stuk richt zich op een aantal kritische vragen: bevordert het poldermodel de economische groei of is dat afhankelijk van een hoog welvaartsniveau? Is het poldermodel iets specifiek Nederlands of een variant op een breed Europees verschijnsel? Is het poldermodel in moderne gedaante echt een lineaire afstammeling van de corporatieve instellingen van vroegere tijden? Functioneert het poldermodel als een ‘leerschool voor de democratie’ of als een ‘broeikas van kartelvorming’? Het poldermodel als historisch begrip lijkt uiteindelijk bijna ongrijpbaar te zijn. Deze recensie maakt deel uit van het discussiedossier 'Nederland en het poldermodel' (Maarten Prak and Jan Luiten van Zanden).
Reparaties als een hedendaagse uiting van de permanente revolutie. Een standpunt
Authors: Guadeloupe Francio
Published: September 2015

Een invloedrijk deel van de Caribische artistieke en intellectuele elite in Nederland volgt het vertoog van cultureel trauma onder Afro-Caribische Nederlanders: de positieve culturele, affectieve en cognitieve grondslagen van hun gemeenschap zijn ernstig beschadigd door de trans-Atlantische slavernij. De huidige sociaaleconomische achterstelling van Afro-Caribische Nederlanders wordt direct gekoppeld aan het leed dat hun voorouders is aangedaan. Alleen door berouw van witte Nederlanders, officiële excuses van de Nederlandse staat en herstelbetalingen, kunnen dit trauma en zijn maatschappelijke consequenties worden verholpen.Dit artikel is een pleidooi voor het ontkoppelen van de trans-Atlantische slavernij en het vertoog van cultureel trauma. In plaats daarvan dienen Afro-Caribische Nederlanders zich te identificeren met mensen die trouw willen zijn aan een permanente revolutie waarbij zowel externe als interne vormen van ontmenselijking worden bestreden. De roep naar herstelbetaling is dan onderdeel van de beweging die een waardig Nederland en een waardige wereld probeert te scheppen. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het forum 'Historische excuses'. Reparation as a Present Day Expression of Permanent Revolution: A Point of ViewIncreasingly Afro-Caribbean intellectuals in the Netherlands are connecting the discourse of having suffered a cultural trauma to the social fact of the gruesome realities of trans-Atlantic slavery and their struggle for reparation. Their argument is that the effects of the trans-Atlantic slave-trade have been such that on a cognitive and affective level their community has been severely handicapped. This aggravates the socio-economic discrimination and structural racism they face. To repair their psycho-social fabric, white Dutch have to express regret, the state has to offer official apologies and the offspring of those enslaved have to be financially compensated.The essay presents an alternative account, whereby the past andcontemporary struggles against the effects of trans-Atlantic slavery are not connected to the idea of having a cultural trauma. Instead they are interpreted as an expression of the permanent internal and external revolutions of subjugated peoples to create a more just society and a fairer world. This article is part of the forum 'Historical apologies'.
As relações retóricas e a negociação de faces em debate eleitoral
Authors: Cunha Gustavo Ximenes
Published: September 2015

RESUMO:

Este trabalho parte da hipótese de que as relações que se estabelecem entre as informações do texto exercem papel importante na negociação de imagens recíprocas. Para verificar a pertinência dessa hipótese, aproximei a Teoria da Estrutura Retórica (RST) e a teoria de faces de Goffman. Essa aproximação possibilitou o estudo de um exemplar do gênero debate eleitoral. Confirmando a hipótese, a análise revelou que as relações retóricas (evidência, preparação, sequência, elaboração, etc) constituem recursos fundamentais com que os adversários políticos fazem a negociação de faces.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: relações retóricas; negociação de faces; debate eleitoral.
Caminhando com os fundamentos da gramática gerativa
Authors: França Aniela Improta , Lage Aleria Cavalcante
Published: September 2015

RESUMO:

Esse artigo tem como propósito revisar os fundamentos, hipóteses, objetivos e propostas de implementações computacionais da Gramática Gerativa, sob uma ótica interdisciplinar que inclui além da Linguística, a Epistemologia, a Neurociência da Linguagem, a Biologia e a Evolução das Espécies. O artigo defende que, não obstante as atualizações que a Gramática Gerativa assumiu em seus 60 anos de existência, há uma coerência profunda das suas ideias principais, o que torna as muitas alterações e versões hipóteses de trabalho legítimas para um mesmo corpo teórico.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gramática Gerativa; computação sintática; fundamentos teóricos; Além da Adequação Explicativa; evolução das espécies.
A construção resultativa verdadeira em português brasileiro
Authors: Marcelino Marcello , Oliveira Cândido Samuel Fonseca de
Published: September 2015

RESUMO:

Há tempos a construção resultativa é objeto de investigação em diferentes línguas. Uma pergunta natural, a partir da perspectiva gerativista, é se essas estruturas estão ligadas ao Parâmetro de Composição (PC). No presente trabalho, investigou-se, a partir de uma tarefa de julgamento de aceitabilidade com falantes monolíngues do português brasileiro (PB), se a resultativa verdadeira é uma construção disponível nessa língua. Os dados obtidos apontam que a construção verdadeira apresenta baixa aceitabilidade e tal resultado é interpretado como evidência de que o PB possui marcação com valor negativo do PC.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE:

Construção Resultativa Verdadeira; Parâmetro de Composição; Julgamento de Aceitabilidade.
Colaboradores deste número
Authors: Editor O
Published: September 2015

Autores da edição 47
A POLÍTICA AMBIENTAL E CRIMINAL NO ESTADO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Weber Cristiano
Published: September 2015

O propósito deste trabalho é discorrer sobre a íntima ligação que há entre a política ambiental e a política criminal no Estado de Direito Ambiental. Num primeiro momento, explanar-se-á sobre a evolução que sofreu a legislação ambiental brasileira desde as Ordenações do Reino. Após, abordar-se-á a questão relativa ao Estado de Direito, seus passos e caminhos até tornar-se Estado de Direito Ambiental, demonstrando, inclusive, sua relação com as políticas ambiental e criminal. Por fim, analisar-se-á, à luz do Estado Ambiental, a tutela penal do meio ambiente, avaliando as opiniões doutrinárias a respeito e a importância dessa proteção.
O DOMÍNIO DAS ÁGUAS NA ORDEM CONSTITUCIONAL BRASILEIRA: O CASO DA FONTE DA BATATEIRA NO CARIRI-CEARENSE
Authors: Santos Ivanna Pequeno dos , Santos Jahyra Helena Pequeno Dos
Published: September 2015

O artigo trata da dominialidade da água, a partir do caso da Fonte da Batateira na região do Cariri-Cearensa, no qual particulares possuidores de títulos de direitos de uso da água alocam as águas com base em uma lei de 1854.Tem como objetivo discutir o regime de propriedade da água doce no Brasil e demonstrar que o processo de publicização das águas, iniciado com o atual texto constitucional, invalida as chamadas águas particulares, previstas no Código de Águas. As águas constituem bens inalienáveis, sendo apenas outrogado o direito ao seu uso.O significado do termo domínio, diz respeito ao seu gerenciamento e não a sua apropriação. Por fim, apresenta-se um panorama legislativo sobre os recursos hídricos no Rstado do Ceará, dentro da sua competência para a edição de normas legislativas.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NO BRASIL: OLHARES SOB UMA PERSPECTIVA JURÍDICA E HISTÓRICO-AMBIENTAL
Authors: Buriti Catarina de Oliveira , Barbosa Erivaldo Moreira
Published: September 2015

Ao longo do século XX, a história brasileira foi marcada pela implementação de diversos regulamentos e normas de caráter ambiental que ainda hoje regem e/ou influenciam as políticas que controlam o uso dos recursos naturais pela sociedade. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em analisar a normatividade ambiental relacionada aos recursos hídricos no Brasil, no período de 1930 a 1990, sob uma perspectiva jurídica e histórico-ambiental, com foco nas diferentes políticas de apropriação das águas no País, assim como possíveis caminhos de conservação, uso racional e sustentabilidade deste recurso. A análise da gestão das políticas públicas de recursos hídricos permitiu perceber os desafios ainda inerentes no Brasil quanto à consolidação de um modelo sistêmico de integração participativa no processo de gestão das águas, com caráter descentralizado, integrado e partilhado entre os vários sujeitos interessados, além da implementação de instrumentos legais que promovam um consumo mais racional e sustentável deste recurso natural.
PROTECCIÓN DEL PAISAJE MINERO Historia y Derecho Comparado
Authors: Morel Juan Claudio
Published: September 2015

El presente trabajo, exhibe un estudio analítico sobre la evidencia legislativa de protección jurídica del paisaje y la proposición de su protección en la minería . Se propone mostrar que esta protección se hace en el Derecho Objetivo desde antes de la Convención de Florencia de 2000, y que si bien la modificación de paisajes a escala por la minería se da desde tiempos de Cristo, la preocupación del Estado Moderno es inmediata, acompañando a la industria minera con limitaciones y reglas al advertir los severos daños causados al ambiente por la actividad. Para ello investigamos la existencia de evidencia de paisajes protegido, comenzamos por el Derecho Internacional y finalizamos la experiencia del Derecho Local con las experiencias de España y la Argentina mostrando la evolución en las diferentes técnicas de protección, con intención deliberada de tutela en los últimos años.
Technology Integration: A Methodology to Enhance Production in Horizontal Wolfcamp Shale Wells in the Delaware Basin
Authors: Parker Justin , Bazan Lucas W. , Tran Van P. , White Robert , Lattibeaudiere Michael G.
Published: September 2015

Multi-stage/multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wellbores is a key technology driving the development of unconventional resources in North America. Several engineering technologies developed over the past decade are readily available for operators to help enhance production. The advantages of technology integration for creating multiple transverse fractures in horizontal wellbores have been well documented.

Given the rapid pace of development, many operators strive to standardize completion programs to drive consistency and efficiency in operations and well performance. The key parameters that maximize production in unconventional reservoirs are not dissimilar to the key parameters proven successful time and again in conventional completion designs and fracturing treatments. Generating fracture complexity may be important in unconventional reservoirs, but maximum reservoir contact does not necessarily translate to an effectively stimulated reservoir. Fracture length, fracture conductivity and fracture spacing in multi-cluster/multi-stage completions are first-order parameters that can be engineered. However, additional completion and design considerations for unconventional wells such as natural fracture saturation, mid-field fracture complexity, mechanical fracture interaction and transverse fracture production interference must be considered to enhance production and maximize economics.

This paper will focus on technology integration for the Wolfcamp A reservoir using a discrete fracture network (DFN) model for predicting fracture geometry, formation evaluation, oil and fluid tracers, microseismic monitoring and production history matching. The methodology includes: 1) utilization of current fundamental engineering principles and procedures for completion design, 2) simulator calibration to improve predictive models and 3) production history matching and forecasting.

Application of this integrated technology approach will help provide the operator with a systematic approach for designing, analyzing, and optimizing multi-stage/multi-cluster transverse hydraulic fractures in horizontal wellbores. Readers of this paper will gain insight on how sound engineering, fracture modeling and data integration can increase recovery and optimize completions in the Wolfcamp formations. Those working in the Delaware and Midland basins can directly apply the principles presented in this paper to enhance the productivity and economics of their completions.
Spontaneously Imbibed Fluids for Increasing Contact Area Between Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids and Formation Matrix in Liquids-Rich Shale Plays
Authors: Xu Liang , He Kai , Rane Jayant P. , Yin Xiaolong , Neeves Keith
Published: September 2015

For liquids-rich shale plays, a primary completion strategy is to enhance flow conductivity near the wellbore region by placing large-mesh proppant inside the fractures. One potential drawback of doing so is that the created fractures could be more planar in nature because of softer and more ductile rocks and therefore less contact could occur between fractures and the matrix during pumping. In addition, no external hydraulic force exists to drive fracturing fluids farther into the matrix after pumping is stopped at the surface. As a result, wells completed using this method could potentially suffer from a low fluid penetration rate into the reservoirs because of the resistance of capillary forces imparted by oil-wet or mixed-wet pores, which could result in lower-than-expected liquid production.

In this study, a new mechanism is proposed for increasing the contact area between fracturing fluids and the matrix. The working hypothesis is that a surfactant, when properly tailored to treatment fluids, can help achieve this objective by spontaneously spreading in the matrix, thereby accessing additional hydrocarbon reserves. To investigate this hypothesis, two primary experimental techniques were used.

Fluid penetration depth into mixed-wet formation core plugs was monitored using computer-assisted tomography imaging. Scans indicated that the fluid containing surfactants tends to penetrate almost twice as deep as that without surfactant. This observation is consistent with the finding of an earlier microfluidic study [1] that the use of surfactant significantly improved the rate of penetration of the non-wetting phase (water and surfactant solution) and the displacement efficiency of the wetting phase (oil). The addition of surfactant reduced the interfacial surface tension, both elastic and viscous moduli (by means of the pulsating pendant drop method) of the oil-water interface to close to zero, making it deformable in the emulsion, which significantly aids oil mobilization.

The study results imply that the shut-in time immediately after fracturing could be crucial for enhanced well productivity. An extended shut-in time could result in farther penetration of fracturing fluids into the matrix and lead to greater oil recovery in liquids-rich shale plays.
Thermal stratification of Portuguese reservoirs: potential impact of extreme climate scenarios
Authors: Almeida Manuel C. , Coelho Pedro S. , Rodrigues António C. , Diogo Paulo A. , Maurício Rita , Cardoso Rita M. , Soares Pedro M.
Published: September 2015

Changes in water temperature and stratification dynamics can have a significant effect on hydrodynamics and water quality in reservoirs. Therefore, to assess future climate impacts, projections of three regional climate models for Europe, under the IPCC A1B emission scenario (2081–2100), were used with the CE-QUAL-W2 water quality model to evaluate changes in the thermal regime of 24 Portuguese reservoirs, representing different geographic regions, morphologies, volumes and hydrological regimes. Simulation results were compared with reference simulations for the period 1989–2008 and changes in water temperature and thermal stratification characteristics were evaluated. Future inflow scenarios were estimated from precipitation-runoff non-linear correlations and outflows were estimated considering present water uses, including hydropower, water supply and irrigation. Results suggest a significant increment in the mean water temperature of the reservoirs for the entire water volume and at water surface of 2.3 and 2.5 °C, respectively, associated with a runoff reduction of approximately 23%. Overall, variations in annual stratification patterns are characterized by changes in the mean annual length of stratification anomaly that ranged from −21 to +39 days. Results also show the influence of depth and volume over the reservoir's temperature anomaly, highlighting the importance of future water uses and operation rule curves optimization for reservoirs.
Adaptive capacity of commercial real estate firms in New York City to urban flooding
Authors: Keenan Jesse M.
Published: September 2015

This article examines the adaptive capacities of real estate firms in New York City in light of the increased risks of urban flooding. This exploratory research attempts to shed light on how and why firms of varying risk profiles are strategically adapting to these risks – if at all. Through the lens of a qualitative multi-criteria adaptive capacity framework, the results of six case studies are analyzed to identify what influences are shaping the actions and strategies of firms. The article examines the propositions that: (A) firms with observable strategies have undertaken ex post strategies which are principally driven by the firms’ financial bottom line; (B) firm strategies attribute little to no influence in their decisions to external or delayed costs and/or impacts relating to social and environmental influences; and, (C) firms with the comparatively most robust adaptive capacities will be those who: (i) are most aware of their vulnerabilities; and (ii) are themselves comparatively more vulnerable to the immediate risks associated with urban flooding. While the evidence largely supports the propositions, the results of this research can help shape the development of intelligence and strategic units within firms as they develop a capacity to adapt to ever changing conditions.
A case study of regional risk assessment of river restoration projects: Nakdong River Basin, South Korea
Authors: Kim Jong-Suk , Yoon Sun-Kwon , Choi Minha , Moon Young-Il
Published: September 2015

An integrated approach to risk assessment that can pose significant challenges to mitigation and adaptation at the local or regional levels in the context of climate change was developed. First, a conceptual framework for flood risk analysis was developed based on the hydrologic hazard and the socioeconomic vulnerability of a region. Second, weighting factors for each indicator were estimated using the modified Delphi approach based on the results of a survey of an expert group. Third, geographic information system analysis described the hydrologic risk at the regional level before and after completion of the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project at the Nakdong River Basin, South Korea. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the extent of the resilience of the Nakdong River Basin based on climate change scenarios to extend the existing research. It was found that the effect of the river restoration project in the future would be insignificant in terms of risk control over regions where floods are likely to increase upon climate change. We believe that this study provides useful information for the development of scientific, effective risk management tools for consistent application in a time of changing climate.
Application of decision tree algorithms for discriminating among woody plant taxa based on the pollen season characteristics
Authors: Kubik-Komar Agnieszka , Kubera Elżbieta , Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to verify whether and which parameters of the
atmospheric pollen season can distinguish between pollen types, the ranges
of parameter values that delineate classes of taxa, and finally which taxa
are similar to others within the domain of these parameter ranges. Decision
tree algorithms were applied and the best tree was chosen to describe the
rules of pollen classification. The study material consisted of airborne
pollen grains of the following eight taxa: Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corylus,
Cupressaceae, Fraxinus, Populus and Ulmus. Research was conducted in Lublin
in eastern Poland during 2001-2013. The following six atmospheric pollen
season parameters were analyzed: season start and end, duration, maximum
daily pollen concentration, date of maximum pollen concentration, and the
Seasonal Pollen Index (SPI). Four algorithms were used in data analysis and
the J4.8 algorithm was chosen as the best for taxa classification, date of
the end of season and the SPI value belonging to characteristics that served
most to discriminate between pollen types. Based on the classification tree,
the following four groups of taxa were identified: (i) Ulmus; (ii) Corylus,
Alnus, Populus; (iii) Betula; and (iv) Carpinus, Fraxinus, Cupressaceae.
Fungi associated with free-living soil nematodes in Turkey
Authors: Karabörklü Salih , Ayvaz Abdurrahman , Yilmaz Semih , Azizoglu Ugur
Published: September 2015

Free-living soil nematodes have successfully adapted world-wide to nearly all
soil types from the highest to the lowest of elevations. In the current
study, nematodes were isolated from soil samples and fungi associated with
these free-living soil nematodes were determined. Large subunit (LSU) rDNAs
of nematode-associated fungi were amplified and sequenced to construct
phylogenetic trees. Nematode-associated fungi were observed in six nematode
strains belonging to Acrobeloides, Steinernema and Cephalobus genera in
different habitats. Malassezia and Cladosporium fungal strains indicated an
association with Acrobeloides and Cephalobus nematodes, while Alternaria
strains demonstrated an association with the Steinernema strain.
Interactions between fungi and free-living nematodes in soil are discussed.
We suggest that nematodes act as vectors for fungi.
Effects of partial defoliation on the growth, ion relations and photosynthesis of Lycium chinense Mill. under salt stress
Authors: Guo Yuan , Yu Qiong , Feng Xiaohui , Xie Zhixia , Liu Xiaojing
Published: September 2015

In this study, we investigated the effects of artificial defoliation on the
growth and physiological response of Lycium chinense Mill. to salt stress.
Our results show that partial defoliation increases the plant relative
growth rate, leaf water content and dry weight-based leaf Na+ content, and
reduces the fresh weight-based leaf Na+ content under salt stress. In
response to defoliation, the leaf Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Mg2+ ratios were
decreased, but the K+ content remained unchanged. The contents of ROS and
MDA were decreased in defoliated plants. Net The photosynthetic rate (PN),
stomatal conductance (gs), electron transport rate (ETR), actual
photochemical quenching (?PSII) and photochemical quenching (qp) were
enhanced by defoliation. Together, these findings indicate that partial
defoliation mitigates the salt-induced growth inhibition and physiological
damage in L. chinense.
Exogenous glutamine increases lipid accumulation in developing seeds of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cultured in vitro
Authors: Zhang Yang , Mulpuri Sujatha , Liu Aizhong
Published: September 2015

This report describes biomass production and compositional changes of
developing castor seeds in response to change in the nitrogen resource
(glutamine) of the medium. During the early developmental period (24-36 days
after pollination), oil was found to initially accumulate in the developing
seeds. Carbohydrates and oil were inversely related after glutamine
provision (35 mM, in the culture medium). [U-14C] sucrose labeling was used
to investigate the effect of metabolic fluxes among different storage
materials. Addition of glutamine led to a 7% increase of labeling in lipids
and an inverse decrease of labeling in carbohydrates. It was postulated that
changes in the glutamine concentration in the medium are likely to influence
the partitioning of resources between the various storage products,
especially carbohydrates and oil. These observations will contribute to a
better understanding of assimilate partitioning in developing castor seeds
and the development of molecular strategies to improve castor bean seed
quality and plant breeding studies.
Silver micro- and nano-particles obtained using different glycols as reducing agents and measurement of their conductivity
Authors: Moudir Naïma , Moulaï-Mostefa Nadji , Boukennous Yacine
Published: September 2015

Synthesis of silver micro- and nano-particles for the preparation of
conductive pastes for the metallization of solar cells was realized by
chemical reduction in the presence and absence of poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone)
(PVP). Silver nitrate was used as a precursor in the presence of three
polyols (ethylene glycol, di-ethylene glycol and propylene glycol) tested at
experimental temperatures near their boiling points. Six samples were
obtained by this protocol. Three silver powders obtained without the use of
PVP have a metallic luster appearance; however, the samples produced using
an excess of PVP are in the form of stable colloidal dispersions of silver
nano-particles. Structural characterizations of samples using a scanning
electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer show a good crystallinity and
spherical morphology. From DSC and TGA analyses, it was noticed that all the
nano-silvers present in the colloidal suspension have the same thermal
behavior.
Splinted Porcelain Laminate Veneers With a Natural Tooth Pontic: A Provisional Approach for Conservative and Esthetic Treatment of a Challenging Case
Authors: Jang J-H , Lee S-H , Paek J , Kim S-Y
Published: September 2015

Esthetic rehabilitation of discolored anterior teeth is always a great challenge, especially in the presence of pathology. Fortunately, conservative management in the esthetic zone has become more feasible in compromised cases because of the development of restorative materials and advances in dental adhesives. This report presents a complicated case of a patient with tetracycline-related discoloration, multiple root resorption, and a periapical lesion. Treatment was conservative and used a natural tooth pontic and splinted porcelain laminate veneers.
Registration Decision-Making, and Public Protection: International Medical Graduates in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Elkin Katie
Published: September 2015

The Australian and New Zealand health systems are both heavily reliant on international medical graduates (IMGs) to meet workforce demands. In that context, those responsible for deciding whether or not to register IMGs to practise must balance the need to ensure the quality and acceptability of medical services against the requirement that these services remain available and accessible. This paper examines and compares the approaches that have been taken in Australia and New Zealand in this area from 2000 to 2012 and the impacts of that decision-making on public protection and the wider public interest.
Forms of Capital as Facilitators of Internationally Educated Nurses’ Integration into the Registered Nursing Workforce in Canada
Authors: Covell Christine L. , Neiterman Elena , Bourgeault Ivy Lynn
Published: September 2015

We used interview data to explore internationally educated nurses’ perceptions of the factors that facilitated their integration into the registered nursing workforce in Canada. The participants perceived that a variety of interrelated factors facilitated their integration. The identified factors seem to reflect forms of capital. Economic capital (availability of financial resources) and cultural capital (language proficiency and competency in professional vocabulary) enabled the participants to use other forms of capital to become registered and employed in Canada. Providing financial resources and interventions to develop their language skills may assist internationally educated nurses with more rapidly integrating into the country’s nursing workforce.
Demographics, Debt, and Practice Intentions of Medical Residents Training in Canada
Authors: Curtis Lori J. , Dube Umber
Published: September 2015

Many international medical graduates (IMGs) are unable to find residency positions in Canada. A growing proportion are “Canadians studying abroad” (CSAs) trying to return to Canada. We examine the characteristics and practice intentions of residents in Canada: IMGs excluding CSAs, CSAs, and Canadian medical school graduates (CMGs). CSAs and CMGs appear to be similar, but IMGs do not in key instances. IMGs are substantially less likely to state that they intend to practise where they trained or in Canada, controlling for characteristics. This adds support to previous findings indicating that regions relying on IMGs to provide health care may experience ongoing challenges.
Do Economic Principal Applicants Work in Their Intended Regulated Occupation? Introducing the National Household Survey and Immigration Landing File Linkage Database
Authors: Jantzen Lorna
Published: September 2015

Immigrants who come to Canada as economic principal applicants are selected for their potential to contribute to the Canadian economy. This research introduces a Statistics Canada data set, the 2011 National Household Survey and Immigration Landing File, which brings the pre- and post-landing information together. Occupational match rates and benchmarks are calculated for selected regulated occupations that are covered by the Pan-Canadian Framework for the Assessment and Recognition of Foreign Qualifications. Match rates are based on economic principal applicants’ intended four-digit National Occupation Code (NOC) occupations as stated on the Immigration Landing File (ILF) and their actual occupation as reported on the National Household Survey (NHS). This research highlights that that there is substantial variation among the five occupational categories that were selected for this study.
Occupational Regulation and Foreign Qualification Recognition: An Overview
Authors: Sweetman Arthur , McDonald James Ted , Hawthorne Lesleyanne
Published: September 2015

The theory and practice of occupational regulation are outlined together with associated issues regarding foreign qualification recognition. Trade-offs between public safety and the monopoly power inherent in occupational regulation are highlighted, together with a description of the increasing scope of occupational regulation both in terms of the numbers of occupations coming under regulation from government and the share of workers subject to those regulations. The focus is on the implications of occupational regulation for highly skilled immigrants seeking employment in the occupation in which they hold a relevant academic credential. For countries outside of the United States, it is striking how little quantitative research has been conducted in this area. A better understanding is crucial, since policies on and approaches to occupational regulation are evolving rapidly, in part because of the increasing scale of skilled migration.
Governments, Governance, and the “Lunatic Fringe”: The Resources for Tomorrow Conference and the Evolution of Environmentalism in Canada
Authors: Ingram Darcy
Published: September 2015

Environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have long played an important role in the evolution of environmentalism and environmental governance in Canada. Using the groundbreaking 1961 Resources for Tomorrow Conference as its entry point, this article explores the contributions made by such organizations to this federally initiated conference in light of their work during previous decades; their relationship to the Canadian state and to the evolution of its environmental institutions; and the ways in which the conference became a conduit for frustrations that further galvanized the NGO community, leading to the formation of some of the most influential environmental organizations in Canada today. In doing so, the article challenges current historiographic and theoretical frameworks that distinguish a unique “modern” or second-wave environmental movement associated with Rachel Carson, the baby boom generation, and the counterculture movement of the late 1960s and 1970s from an earlier period of conservation-oriented activity ending roughly in 1920 and that make light of the period between. As such, it makes the case for a considerable degree of continuity within the movement over the long term, for the importance of collaborative efforts between the state and the NGO sector, and for the centrality in NGO circles not of radicalism but of relatively conventional attitudes, practices, and social movement strategies.
Reading Prairie Politics: Morton, Lipset, Macpherson
Authors: Wiseman Nelson
Published: September 2015

The ideological, geographical, and disciplinary orientations in W.L. Morton's Manitoba: A History, Seymour Martin Lipset's Agrarian Socialism, and C.B. Macpherson's Democracy in Alberta offer divergent thematic entry points for the study of prairie politics. The rigorous research and graceful literary styles of Morton, Lipset, and Macpherson properly qualified their books as classics. In presenting readers with the idiosyncratic ideational environments of the specific province they examined, each author brought a distinctive mindset to fathoming prairie politics. The Prairies were a region of their minds. The historian Morton is presented as a Liberal-cum-Tory, the sociologist Lipset as a socialist-cum-liberal, and the political theorist Macpherson as a Marxist-cum-liberal idealist.
Population‐based programs for increasing colorectal cancer screening in the United States
Authors: Verma Manisha , Sarfaty Mona , Brooks Durado , Wender Richard C.
Published: September 2015

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE

Screening to detect polyps or cancer at an early stage has been shown to produce better outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). Programs with a population‐based approach can reach a large majority of the eligible population and can offer cost‐effective interventions with the potential benefit of maximizing early cancer detection and prevention using a complete follow‐up plan. The purpose of this review was to summarize the key features of population‐based programs to increase CRC screening in the United States. A search was conducted in the SCOPUS, OvidSP, and PubMed databases. The authors selected published reports of population‐based programs that met at least 5 of the 6 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) criteria for cancer prevention and were known to the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable. Interventions at the level of individual practices were not included in this review. IARC cancer prevention criteria served as a framework to assess the effective processes and elements of a population‐based program. Eight programs were included in this review. Half of the programs met all IARC criteria, and all programs led to improvements in screening rates. The rate of colonoscopy after a positive stool test was heterogeneous among programs. Different population‐based strategies were used to promote these screening programs, including system‐based, provider‐based, patient‐based, and media‐based strategies. Treatment of identified cancer cases was not included explicitly in 4 programs but was offered through routine medical care. Evidence‐based methods for promoting CRC screening at a population level can guide the development of future approaches in health care prevention. The key elements of a successful population‐based approach include adherence to the 6 IARC criteria and 4 additional elements (an identified external funding source, a structured policy for positive fecal occult blood test results and confirmed cancer cases, outreach activities for recruitment and patient education, and an established rescreening process). CA Cancer J Clin 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:496–510. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Dynamic Interpretation and Hoare Deduction: Extended Abstract
Authors: Van Eijck Jan , De Vries Fer-Jan
Published: September 2015

No abstract.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in 89 Patients with Takayasu Arteritis (TA): Comparison Before and After the TA Diagnosis
Authors: Assad Ana Paula Luppino , da Silva Thiago Ferreira , Bonfa Eloisa , Pereira Rosa Maria R.
Published: September 2015

Objective.

To evaluate maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients before and after a diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis (TA).

Methods.

Patients diagnosed with TA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were selected from the Vasculitis Outpatient Clinic of the Rheumatology Division. Healthy female staff members of this hospital of similar age and educational level were selected as the controls. The disease data were obtained from an ongoing electronic database protocol. A standardized questionnaire, emphasizing gestational history, was applied to both groups. The prevalence of fetomaternal complications and disease variables were evaluated between the groups and a statistical analysis was performed.

Results.

A total of 89 patients with TA (156 pregnancies) and 89 healthy controls (181 pregnancies) were evaluated. There were 75.6% pregnancies that occurred before the TA diagnosis (pre-TA group) and 24.3% after (post-TA group). In the pre-TA group, higher rates of hypertension (HTN; 27.1% vs 3.9%, p < 0.001), low birth weight (16.8% vs 6.5%, p = 0.012), and perinatal mortality (7.9% vs 0.7%, p = 0.003) were observed compared with healthy controls. The frequency of abortions and the average number of children were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Further comparison of the pre- and post-TA groups revealed similar rates of HTN, abortion, and low birth weight, and higher rates of Cesarean delivery (p = 0.002), prematurity (p < 0.001), and infection (p = 0.045) in the latter group.

Conclusion.

Our study identified that patients with TA, even before the disease diagnosis, have a worse fetal outcome that is most likely associated with high rates of HTN. TA was identified as an additional differential diagnosis for HTN in pregnancy.
Missing Anticitrullinated Protein Antibody Does Not Affect Short-term Outcomes in Early Inflammatory Arthritis: From the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Shu Jenny , Bykerk Vivian P. , Boire Gilles , Haraoui Boulos , Hitchon Carol , Thorne J. Carter , Tin Diane , Keystone Edward C. , Pope Janet E.
Published: September 2015

Objective.

Anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) is as sensitive as, but more specific than, rheumatoid factor (RF) and is detected earlier in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although part of the RA classification criteria, ACPA testing is not routinely paid for/accessible in all jurisdictions. The effect of missing ACPA testing was studied to determine whether failure to perform ACPA testing could cause a care gap in early inflammatory arthritis.

Methods.

Nearly 2000 patients (n = 1998) recruited to an early inflammatory arthritis cohort were allocated into 3 groups: (1) seropositive (either RF+ or ACPA+), (2) seronegative (RF− and ACPA−), and (3) missing ACPA and RF−. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, symptom duration, and smoking status if p < 0.1. Disease Activity Score at 28 joints (DAS28) at 3 months was studied, because beyond then, disease activity is expected to determine ongoing treatment.

Results.

More seropositive patients fulfilled the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism RA criteria than seronegative patients. Group 3 was slightly older and had a smaller percentage of females, as well as shorter symptom duration and less smoking. At 3 months, group 3 was treated with fewer disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and methotrexate (p < 0.00002) than groups 1 and 2, but there were no significant differences in DAS28, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), proportion receiving corticosteroids, or physician’s/patient’s global assessments.

Conclusion.

There was no care gap in the RF-negative, unknown ACPA group because there were no significant differences in the DAS28, 3-month change in DAS28, or HAQ-DI, despite less treatment. Cost-effectiveness of ensuring ACPA testing availability in suspected RA is unknown because early outcomes did not differ, whether or not ACPA was available.
Web 2.0 Mash-Up System for Real Time Data Visualisation and Analysis Using OSS
Authors: Khan Wajid , Hussain Fiaz , Prakash Edmond C.
Published: September 2015

The arrival of E-commerce systems has contributed a lot to the economy and also played a vital role in collecting a huge amount of transactional data in the form of online orders and web enquiries, with such a huge volume of data it is getting difficult day by day to analyse business and consumer behaviour. There is a greater need for business analytical tools to help decision makers understand data properly - and understanding data will lead to amazing things such as hidden trends, effective resource utilisation, decision making ability and understanding business and its core values.
Navigation in Online Social Networks
Authors: Asadi Mehran , Agah Afrand
Published: September 2015

In this chapter, we investigate the role of influential people in an Online Social Network. We introduce a navigation approach to locate influential nodes in Online Social Networks. The purpose of quantifying influence in Online Social Networks is to determine influence within the members of an Online Social Networks and then using influence for navigation in such networks. We find out that we can take advantage of influential people in Online Social Networks to reach a target node in such networks. We utilize total number of direct friends of each node, total number of shared neighbors, the total number of common attributes, the total number of unique attributes, the distance to target node, and past visited nodes. We present an algorithm that takes advantage of influential people to reach a target in the network. Our navigation algorithm returns a path between two nodes in an average of ten percent less iterations, with a maximum of eighty percent less iterations, and only relies on public attributes of a node in the network.
Optimization of Multi-Performance Characteristics for a Hybrid Process of EDM and AJM Using Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Lin Yan Cherng , Hung Jung Chou , Wang A Cheng , Chow Han Ming
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study is to optimize the process variables of a novel hybrid process of electrical discharge machining (EDM) and abrasive jet machining (AJM) using grey relational analysis. The multi-performance characteristics associated with the developed hybrid process such as the material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness (SR) were explored through an experimental study according to an L18 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi experimental design method. The experimental results confirmed the multi-performance characteristics of the developed hybrid process would clearly be improved through optimizing the process variables using grey relational analysis.
Reactive Power Control of Reversible Electric Drives by Using Industrial Smart Grid Technology
Authors: Radionov Andrey A. , Maklakov Alexander S. , Gasiyarov Vadim
Published: September 2015

This paper addresses the issue of associating a concept of industrial smart grid technology for a reactive power control of reversible electric drives. The research focus was concerned with the theoretical analysis of active, reactive and apparent power by the main reversible electric drive of plate mill rolling stand. Typical features of power electric equipment of modern reversible electric drives allow us to develop the reactive power control. The reactive power control can be created out by using of back to back converters which connect the reversible electric drive with the supply mains. Experiments in the plate mill were carried at the difficult-to-form steel grade in the range of roughing and finish rolling. It was established that the reactive power generation can be used in the range of the roughing. The huge prospects of the reversible electric drives integration based on back to back converters in Industrial Smart Grid have been determined due to the fact that to control of reactive and apparent power flows.
Adaptive Optimal Digital PID Controller
Authors: Sun Yan Xia , Wang Zeng Hui
Published: September 2015

It is necessary to change the parameters of PID controller if the parameters of plants change or there are disturbances. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is a powerful optimization algorithm to find the global optimal values in the problem space. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to identify the model of the plant and the parameter of digital PID controller online. The model of the plant is identified online according to the absolute error of the real system output and the identified model output. The digital PID parameters are tuned based on the identified model and they are adaptive if the model is changed. Simulations are done to validate the proposed method comparing with the classical PID controller.
On the Reducibility of the Discrete Linear Time-Varying Systems
Authors: Klamka Jerzy , Ferenstein Elżbieta , Babiarz Artur , Niezabitowski Michał
Published: September 2015

For the discrete linear time-varying systems we present basic facts and definitions concerning the Lyapunov transformation, kinematic similarity and reducibility in the context of stability and Lyapunov exponents theory. Moreover, the paper contains the original result giving the necessary and sufficient conditions for the reducibility of a system to system with identity matrix.