bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Active MgO on Compensated Drying Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Slag Materials
Authors: Ma Hongqiang , Li Shiru , Lei Zelong , Wu Jialong , Yuan Xinhua , Niu Xiaoyan
Published: January 2025

The influences of MgO activity and its content on the mechanical properties, drying shrinkage compensation, pore structure, and microstructure of alkali-activated fly ash–slag materials were investigated. Active MgO effectively compensated for the alkali-activated materials’ (AAMs’) drying shrinkage. The drying shrinkage increased rapidly with the increase in curing age and stabilized after 28 d. Within a certain range, the material’s drying shrinkage was inversely proportional to the content of active MgO. The higher the activity of MgO, the lower the drying shrinkage of the AAMs under the same MgO content. The drying shrinkage values of the test groups with 9% R-MgO, M-MgO, and S-MgO at 90 d were 2444 με, 2306 με, and 2156 με, respectively. In the early stage of hydration, the addition of S-MgO reduced the compressive strength. As the content of M-MgO increased, the compressive strength first increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum of 72.28 MPa at an M-MgO content of 9%. The experimental group with 9% M-MgO exhibited higher compressive and flexural strengths than those with 9% S-MgO and R-MgO, demonstrating better mechanical properties. The results of this study provide an important theoretical basis and data support for the optimal application of MgO in AAMs. MgO expansion agents have great application potential in low-carbon buildings and durable materials. Further research on their adaptability in complex environments will promote their development for engineering and provide innovative support for green buildings.
PPE Waste-Derived Carbon Materials for Energy Storage Applications via Carbonization Techniques
Authors: Raship Nur Amaliyana , Tawil Siti Nooraya Mohd , Syaripuddin Murniati
Published: January 2025

Starting from the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, billions of personal protective equipment (PPE), mainly face masks (FMs), are reported to be worn and thrown away every month worldwide. Most of the waste winds up in landfills and undergoes an incineration process after being released into the environment. This could pose a significant risk and long-term effects to both human health and ecology due to the tremendous amount of non-biodegradable substances in the PPE waste. Consequently, alternative approaches for recycling PPE waste are imperatively needed to lessen the harmful effects of PPE waste. The current recycling methods facilitate the conventional treatment of waste, and most of it results in materials with decreased values for their characteristics. Thus, it is crucial to create efficient and environmentally friendly methods for recycling FMs and other PPE waste into products with added value, such as high-quality carbon materials. This paper reviews and focuses on the techniques for recycling PPE waste that are both economically viable and beneficial to the environment through carbonization technology, which transforms PPE waste into highly valuable carbon materials, as well as exploring the possible utilization of these materials for energy storage applications. In conclusion, this paper provides copious knowledge and information regarding PPE waste-derived carbon-based materials that would benefit potential green energy research.
Prognostic Modeling of Overall Survival in Glioblastoma Using Radiomic Features Derived from Intraoperative Ultrasound: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Cepeda Santiago , Esteban-Sinovas Olga , Singh Vikas , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Zemmoura Ilyess , Del Bene Massimiliano , Barbotti Arianna , DiMeco Francesco , West Timothy Richard , Nahed Brian Vala , Giammalva Giuseppe Roberto , Arrese Ignacio , Sarabia Rosario
Published: January 2025

Background: Accurate prognostic models are essential for optimizing treatment strategies for glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor. While other neuroimaging modalities have demonstrated utility in predicting overall survival (OS), intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) remains underexplored for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic potential of iUS radiomics in glioblastoma patients in a multi-institutional cohort. Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with glioblastoma from the multicenter Brain Tumor Intraoperative (BraTioUS) database. A single 2D iUS slice, showing the largest tumor diameter, was selected for each patient. Radiomic features were extracted and subjected to feature selection, and clinical data were collected. Using a fivefold cross-validation strategy, Cox proportional hazards models were built using radiomic features alone, clinical data alone, and their combination. Model performance was assessed via the concordance index (C-index). Results: A total of 114 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 56.88 years, a median OS of 382 days, and a median preoperative tumor volume of 32.69 cm3. Complete tumor resection was achieved in 51.8% of the patients. In the testing cohort, the combined model achieved a mean C-index of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76–0.98), outperforming the radiomic model (C-index: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57–0.86) and the clinical model (C-index: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.87). Conclusions: Intraoperative ultrasound relies on acoustic properties for tissue characterization, capturing unique features of glioblastomas. This study demonstrated that radiomic features derived from this imaging modality have the potential to support the development of survival models.
Can We Reinvent the Modern University? A Vision for a Complementary Academic System, with a Life-Affirming and Spiritually Conscious Orientation
Authors: Dal Fiore Filippo
Published: January 2025

The current global academic system, rooted in a reductionist, materialist and westernized worldview, reflects the modern industrial era in which it took shape and is therefore ill-equipped to address the complex challenges of today’s polycrisis. This viewpoint offers a vision for a complementary system aimed at filling this gap, one grounded on an expanded notion of what science and higher education can be and how best they can serve the world. It is part of an independent research and book project on the broad topic of Reimagining Academia, developed in dialogue with pioneering and spiritually oriented scientific and professional networks. Moving from the recognition of the principal limits of today’s universities, the paper describes an alternative home for all those scholars, students, practitioners and social constituencies whose worldviews and knowledge systems are shifting towards more holistic approaches. Grounded on a new ontological framework and on a human-centered modus operandi, the proposed system would aim to revive scientific disciplines from the inside out, by means of new life-affirming assumptions and purposes. The paper concludes by outlining practical steps for the realization of this vision, proposing a global alliance of scientific, cultural, and social actors.
Prof. George Whitesides’ Contributions to Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs): Advancing Biointerface Science and Beyond
Authors: Hayashi Tomohiro
Published: January 2025

Prof. George Whitesides’ pioneering contributions to the field of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have profoundly influenced biointerface science and beyond. This review explores the development of SAMs as highly organized molecular structures, focusing on their role in advancing surface science, biointerface research, and biomedical applications. Prof. Whitesides’ systematic investigations into the effects of SAMs’ terminal group chemistries on protein adsorption and cell behavior culminated in formulating “Whitesides’ Rules”, which provide essential guidelines for designing bioinert surfaces. These principles have driven innovations in anti-fouling coatings for medical devices, diagnostics, and other biotechnological applications. We also discuss the critical role of interfacial water in SAM bioinertness, with studies demonstrating its function as a physical barrier preventing protein and cell adhesion. Furthermore, this review highlights how data science and machine learning have expanded the scope of SAM research, enabling predictive models for bioinert surface design. Remarkably, Whitesides’ Rules have proven applicable not only to SAMs but also to polymer-brush films, illustrating their broad relevance. Prof. Whitesides’ work provides a framework for interdisciplinary advancements in material science, bioengineering, and beyond. The enduring legacy of his contributions continues to inspire innovative approaches to addressing challenges in biomedicine and biotechnology.
Updates in Biliary Atresia: Aetiology, Diagnosis and Surgery
Authors: Davenport Mark
Published: January 2025

Biliary atresia (BA) is an obliterative disease of the bile ducts affecting between 1 in 10,000–20,000 infants with a predominance in Asian countries. It is clinically heterogeneous with a number of distinct variants (e.g., isolated, Biliary Atresia Splenic Malformation syndrome, Cat-eye syndrome, cystic BA, and CMV-associated BA). Facts about its aetiology are hard to encounter but might include genetic, developmental, exposure to an environmental toxin, or perinatal virus infection. However, the cholestatic injury triggers an intrahepatic fibrotic process beginning at birth and culminating in cirrhosis some months later. Affected infants present with a triad of conjugated jaundice, pale stools, and dark urine and may have hepatosplenomegaly upon examination, with later ascites coincident with the onset of progressive liver disease. Rapid, efficient, and expeditious diagnosis is essential with the initial treatment being surgical, typically with an attempt to restore the bile flow (Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE)) or primary liver transplantation (<5%) if considered futile. Failure to restore bile drainage or the onset of complications such as recurrent cholangitis, treatment-resistant varices, ascites, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and occasionally malignant change are usually managed by secondary liver transplantation. This issue summarises recent advances in the disease and points a way to future improvements in its treatment.
Stress and Traditional Support: The Role of Orphans’ and Vulnerable Children’s Primary Caregivers in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Aweke , Li Kenan , Helton Jesse
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Orphans’ and Vulnerable Children’s (OVC) primary caregivers (PCGs) in Ethiopia live with multiple social and emotional problems stemming from extreme poverty, war, environmental disasters, and the HIV pandemic. Family and community supports are strained, leaving OVC’s PCGs dependent on inconsistent humanitarian aid. This aid is typically focused on OVCs and does not address PCG well-being. This study aimed to assess PCG well-being and explore their perceived stress and the traditional family and community coping mechanisms. Method: Participants from the Oromia region of Ethiopia were recruited, and a mixed-methods design was employed. Six cases were included using a criterion sampling technique. An explanatory data analysis technique was used, and data were triangulated from interviews, focus group discussions, archival information, and surveys. A 36-item Well-being Measuring Tool (WMT) Likert scale was employed to measure well-being domains. Result: The results indicated that none of the PCGs reported the desirable and average summative well-being domain mean scores [25 and 23]. Among the ten well-being domains, only “spirituality” and “community cohesion” were above the average score [2.3]. The “economy” domain had the lowest score, indicating a critical deficiency [1.3]. A lack of community support could exasperate perceived stress, and well-being deficiencies were linked. Conclusions: Lack of family and community support could exacerbate feeling overlooked, unwelcome, and lonely. A policy that promotes a supportive community environment and safeguards the most vulnerable OVCs and their PCGs should be in place. This study recommends further rigorous research examining the well-being determinants of OVCs’ PCGs in Ethiopia and the role of traditional support systems in rural settings.
Perch Hydrolysates from Upcycling of Perch Side Streams Accelerate Wound Healing by Enhancing Fibroblasts to Secrete Procollagen I, Fibronectin, and Hyaluronan
Authors: Chang Jia-Feng , Hsieh Chih-Yu , Chen Ling-Ni , Lee Mao-Hsiang , Ting Yi-Han , Yang Chi-Yu , Lin Chih-Cheng
Published: January 2025

Wound healing incurs various challenges, making it an important topic in medicine. Short-chain peptides from fish protein hydrolysates possess wound healing properties that may represent a solution. In this study, perch hydrolysates were produced from perch side steams using a designed commercial complex enzyme via a proprietary pressure extraction technique. The average molecular weight of the perch peptides was 1289 kDa, and 62.60% of the peptides had a low molecular weight (≤1 kDa). Similarly to the beneficial amino acid sequence FPSIVGRP, FPSLVRGP accounted for 6.21% abundance may have a potential antihypertensive effect. The concentrations of collagen composition and branched-chain amino acids were 1183 and 1122 mg/100 g, respectively. In a fibroblast model, active perch peptides accelerated wound healing mainly by increasing the secretion of procollagen I, fibronectin, and hyaluronan. In an SD rat model established to mimic human wounds, orally administered perch hydrolysates with a molecular weight below 2.3 kDa accelerated wound healing, which mainly resulted from collagen-forming amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, and matrikine. Collectively, the residue of perch extract can be upcycled via a hydrolysis technique to produce not only bioactive sequences but also short-chain peptides. Considering the therapeutic potential to promote wound healing, such by-products are of great value and may be developed as dietary nutraceuticals.
Ferritin as an Effective Prognostic Factor and Potential Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Szymulewska-Konopko Katarzyna , Reszeć-Giełażyn Joanna , Małeczek Monika
Published: January 2025

Ferritin is found in all cells of the body, serving as a reservoir of iron and protecting against damage to the molecules that make up cellular structures. It has emerged as a biomarker not only for iron-related disorders but also for inflammatory diseases and conditions in which inflammation plays a key role, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infection. Oxidative stress, which can cause cellular damage, is induced by reactive oxygen species generated during the Fenton reaction, activating signaling pathways associated with tumor growth and proliferation. This review primarily emphasizes basic studies on the identification and function of ferritin, its essential role in iron metabolism, its involvement in inflammatory diseases, and its potential as an important prognostic factor and biomarker for cancer detection.
Shear Thickening Polishing of Rotary Workpieces with Large Curvature Edges
Authors: Shang Zhendong , Tang Zewei , Zhang Weiwei , Wu Liqiang , Wang Jiahuan , Lyu Binghai
Published: January 2025

The polishing of rotary workpieces, which were characterized by large curvature edges, presents considerable challenges due to the difficulty of applying uniform polishing forces. Numerous solutions have been proposed to address this issue. However, none have successfully achieved an optimal balance between efficiency and surface quality. To this end, a “gentle” but effective method known as shear thickening polishing (STP) has been developed, which can improve the surface roughness to less than Ra 30 nm within a matter of minutes and without any surface abnormality. Influences of the STP were systematically investigated by single factor experimental designs, including abrasive type, abrasive concentration, installation angle, and polishing speed. And an illustrative case study involving the polishing of a rotary workpiece with a large curvature edge was presented, wherein the surface roughness can be reduced to Ra 25 nm within a mere 15 min and without the occurrence of burns or scratches typically associated with conventional polishing techniques. In contrast, traditional cashmere ball polishing requires approximately 30 min to achieve a similar surface quality, which often results in residual burns and scratches. The findings confirm that shear thickening polishing is an effective and efficient approach for enhancing the surface quality of rotary workpieces with significant curvature.
The Damage Evolution of a Cr2O3-TiO2 Coating Subjected to Cyclic Impact and Corrosive Environments and the Influence of a Nickel Intermediate Layer
Authors: Yang Huaxing , Zhao Yang , Qin Xudong , Jin Yixin , Zhao Xinyang , Tian Kailin , Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Zhao
Published: January 2025

Cyclic impacts in corrosive environments significantly affect the service life of ceramic coatings, greatly increasing their susceptibility to cracking and delamination. This study investigated the damage evolution behavior of Cr2O3-TiO2 (CT) coatings under cyclic stress in a corrosive medium, and analyzed the effects of the nickel layer on coating stress, corrosion current, and crack propagation. The variations in corrosion potential and current were analyzed, and the formation patterns of interfacial corrosion cracks were observed. Pre-cracks were introduced on the ceramic coating surface using a Micro-Nano mechanical testing system, and cyclic impacts were applied to the samples in 5% diluted hydrochloric acid using SiC balls to induce damage evolution. The results indicate that the presence of the nickel interlayer reduced the corrosion current density from 9.197 × 10−6 A/cm2 to 8.088 × 10−6 A/cm2 and significantly decreased the stress between the coating and the substrate. The surface cracks gradually extended toward the interface under the coupling effect of corrosion and SiC ball impact. When cracks reached the interface, they provided channels for corrosive media, leading to stress corrosion cracking at the interface. The Ni intermediate layer suppressed the formation of interface cracks and greatly enhanced the impact damage resistance of the CT coating–substrate system in corrosive media.
Density Collective Modes of Exciton Superfluidity in Bilayer Systems
Authors: Pascucci Filippo , Conti Sara , Neilson David , Perali Andrea , Tempere Jacques
Published: January 2025

We propose a new way to establish the existence of a superfluid phase in an exciton bilayer system by exploiting the properties of its collective modes. We focus on the density collective modes and treat them within Random Phase Approximation. By comparing results for the normal and superfluid states, we are able to identify unambiguous fingerprints of the exciton superfluid phase. We compare the collective modes of the exciton system and cold atom systems, and we discuss the collective modes of the exciton superfluid order parameter.
Development and Assessment of a Water-Based Drilling Fluid Tackifier with Salt and High-Temperature Resistance
Authors: Gao Yue , Wang Xiaobo , Cheng Yun , Qi Xuan , Yan Hao
Published: January 2025

A high-temperature-resistant copolymer thickener (DT) was synthesized through free radical polymerization, utilizing monomers such as N-vinylformamide (NVF), divinylbenzene (DVB), and acrylamide (AM) as the primary raw materials. The polymer system’s structure was characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR, while its thermal properties were analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis. The viscosity changes of the polymers were evaluated before and after high-temperature aging at various temperatures. The results indicated that the viscosity retention rate of the thickener DT in the base slurry at 240 °C and 15% NaCl was 87.1%. Additionally, it exhibited varying anti-aging cycles between 200 °C and 240 °C. In a slurry with 25% NaCl, the viscosity retention rate reached 130% at 200 °C. High-temperature and high-pressure rheological tests demonstrated that drilling fluids containing DT exhibit consistent rheological behavior within the temperature range of 150 °C to 180 °C, which aids in stabilizing the viscosity and strength of drilling fluids at elevated temperatures.
Impact of Laser Power on Electrochemical Performance of CeO2/Al6061 Alloy Through Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
Authors: Sun Fengyong , Han Jitai
Published: January 2025

As a type of additive manufacturing technology, SLM has made significant progress in the aerospace sector because of its capacity to swiftly and effectively form metals and their composites. This work investigates the impact of laser power (260, 280, 300, 320, 340 W) on the performance of a 1.0 wt.% CeO2/Al6061 alloy prepared by SLM, including the forming quality (surface morphology and density), self-corrosion rate (SCR), and electrochemical behavior. The experimental outcomes suggest that as the laser power rises, the surface roughness exhibits an initial decline followed by an increase, whereas the density undergoes an initial increase and subsequently decreases. The SCR demonstrates a pattern of initial decrease followed by an increase as the laser power is incremented. When the laser power increases, the electrochemical activity shows the same trend. When the laser power is 280 W, the density of the sample is 98.63%, and the SCR is 2.243 × 10−4 g/cm2·min. The induced resistance of the sample caused by hydrogen evolution is small, at 7.827 × 10−20 Ω·cm2, and the polarization resistance reaches 8.048 × 10−1 Ω·cm2, suggesting superior resistance to corrosion on the part of the sample. The laser power affects the SCR and electrochemical performance of the sample by influencing its molding quality. At the laser power of 280 W, the formation quality of the sample is optimal, and the sample exhibits lower SCR and more stable electrochemical activity.
Exploring Brannerite-Type Mg1−xMxV2O6 (M = Mn, Cu, Co, or Ni) Oxides: Crystal Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: Hsu Hua-Chien , Lakshminarasimhan Narayanan , Li Jun , Ramirez Arthur P. , Subramanian Mas A.
Published: January 2025

Environmentally benign, highly stable oxides exhibiting desirable optical properties and high near-IR reflectance are being researched for their potential application as pigments. Mg1−xMxV2O6 (M = Mn, Cu, Co, or Ni) oxides with brannerite-type structures were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method to study their optical properties. These series exhibit structural transitions from brannerite (C2/m) to distorted brannerite (P1¯) and NiV2O6-type (P1¯) structures. The average color of Mg1−xMxV2O6 compounds varies from reddish-yellow to brown to dark brown. The L*a*b* color coordinates reveal that Mg1−xCuxV2O6 and Mg1−xNixV2O6 show more red hues in color with x = 0.4 and x = 0.5, respectively. The UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra indicate a possible origin for these results include the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (O2− 2p-V5+ 3d), metal-to-metal charge transfer (from Mn2+ 3d/Cu2+ 3d/Co2+ 3d/Ni2+ 3d to V5+ 3d), band gap transitions, and d–d transitions. Magnetic property measurements revealed antiferromagnetic behavior for the compounds Mg1−xMxV2O6 (M = Mn, Cu, Co, and Ni), and an oxidation state of +2 for the M ions was deduced from their Curie–Weiss behavior. The system Mg1−xMnxV2O6 has a NIR reflectance in the range between 40% and 70%, indicating its potential to be utilized in the pigment industry.
Reimagining Venom Harvesting: Practical Electrostimulation on Vespa velutina Nest in Nature
Authors: Feás Xesús , Cabadas Daniel J. , Vidal Carmen
Published: January 2025

The growing interest in Vespa velutina venom stems primarily from its impact on human health due to stings and its potential pharmacological applications. Traditionally, venom extraction methods have relied on capturing individual hornets or removing and euthanizing entire nests, followed by dissection of venom sacs—a labor-intensive and disruptive process. In this work, we present a novel, non-invasive approach to venom harvesting. Using a portable electrostimulation device, venom was extracted directly from active Vespa velutina nests in their natural habitat. This method eliminates the need for nest manipulation, significantly reducing disturbance and improving efficiency. These visuals highlight the practicality and potential of this groundbreaking technique, opening new avenues for sustainable and scalable venom collection.
A Review of Artificial Intelligence Interventions for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kotsi Sofia , Handrinou Spyridoula , Iatraki Georgia , Soulis Spyridon-Georgios
Published: January 2025

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with challenges in social communication and interaction as well as stereotyped and repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities. Students with ASD often prefer to engage with technology because of its predictability and limited social demands. In recent years, the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has gained considerable attention. The present study aims to reveal the research trends regarding the design and development of AI teaching interventions in special education, especially for students with ASD, who often face significant challenges in academic, cognitive, and social domains. A search of the research literature from 2018 to 2024 in three electronic databases identified 1762 records. After applying eligibility criteria, 13 empirical studies were finally included, which were coded and analyzed in detail. The results demonstrated the potential of AI technology in supporting students with ASD in their learning, while also identifying gaps that warrant further investigation. This article concludes with future considerations for how AI could support students with ASD, emphasizing there are still gaps in the research, particularly in terms of long-term effectiveness and the standardization of methodologies for AI-based educational practices.
Targeting Soluble Amyloid Oligomers in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Hypothetical Model Study Comparing Intrathecal Pseudodelivery of mAbs Against Intravenous Administration
Authors: Menendez-Gonzalez Manuel
Published: January 2025

Background/Objective: Neurotoxic soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are key drivers of Alzheimer’s pathology, with evidence suggesting that early targeting of these soluble forms may slow disease progression. Traditional intravenous (IV) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) face challenges, including limited brain penetration and risks such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). This hypothetical study aimed to model amyloid dynamics in early-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and compare the efficacy of IV mAn with intrathecal pseudodelivery, a novel method that confines mAbs in a subcutaneous reservoir for selective amyloid clearance in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) without systemic exposure. Methods: A mathematical framework was employed to simulate Aβ dynamics in patients with early-to-moderate AD. Two therapeutic approaches were compared: IV mAb and intrathecal pseudodelivery of mAb. The model incorporated amyloid kinetics, mAb affinity, protofibril size, and therapy-induced clearance rates to evaluate the impact of both methods on amyloid reduction, PET negativity timelines, and the risk of ARIA. Results: Intrathecal pseudodelivery significantly accelerated Aβ clearance compared to IV administration, achieving amyloid PET scan negativity by month 132, as opposed to month 150 with IV mAb. This method demonstrated no ARIA risk and reduced amyloid reaccumulation. By targeting soluble Aβ species more effectively, intrathecal pseudodelivery emerged as a safer and more efficient strategy for early AD intervention. Conclusions: Intrathecal pseudodelivery offers a promising alternative to IV mAbs, overcoming challenges associated with blood–brain barrier penetration and systemic side effects. Further research should focus on optimizing this approach and exploring combination therapies to enhance clinical outcomes in AD.
Green Dentistry: State of the Art and Possible Development Proposals
Authors: Speroni Stefano , Polizzi Elisabetta
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The objective of this narrative literature review was to highlight all dental procedures attributable to sectoral waste and to consider possible alternatives in line with the concept of sustainable development. Methods: An extensive search of electronic databases, including the Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Search words included ‘Green Dentistry’, ‘Dental Pollution’, ‘Pollutants and Dentistry’, ‘Disinfectants and Dentistry’, and ‘High-tech Dentistry’. All of them allowed an assessment of the impact of dental practice on the external environment, and new frontiers currently applied or possibly applicable for green dentistry were included in the study. Non-full-text papers, animal studies, studies in languages other than English, and studies not related to the topic under consideration were excluded. Results: According to the inclusion criteria, 76 papers were selected for the study. The topics analyzed were the impact of dental practice on the outdoor environment, currently applied and potentially applicable principles of green dentistry, and the ‘Four Rs’ model (Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle). Conclusions: With the limitations of the present study, the concept of green dentistry could be applicable provided that the measures already taken to reduce indoor and outdoor risk factors are continued and improved.
Robust Consensus Tracking Control for Multi-Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV) System Subjected to Measurement Noise and External Disturbance
Authors: Zheng Zhiyuan , Tong Shiji , Wang Erquan , Zhu Yang , Shao Jinliang
Published: January 2025

In practice, the consensus performance of a multi-UAV system can degrade significantly due to the presence of measurement noise and disturbances. However, simultaneously rejecting the noise and disturbances to achieve high-precision consensus tracking control is rather challenging. In this paper, to address this issue, we propose a novel distributed consensus tracking control framework consisting of a distributed observer and a local dual-estimator-based tracking controller. Each UAV’s distributed observer estimates the leader’s states and generates the local reference, functioning even under a switching communication topology. In the local tracking controller design, we reveal that classic uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based control can magnify the noise. By combining the measurement error estimator (MEE) with UDE, a local robust tracking controller is designed to reject noise and disturbances simultaneously. The parameter tuning of MEE and UDE is unified into a single parameter, and the monotonic relationship between this parameter and system performance is revealed by the singular perturbation theorem. Finally, the validity of the proposed control framework is verified by both simulation and comparative real-world experiments.
Transferring Results of Professional Development into Practice: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nīmante Dita , Kokare Maija , Baranova Sanita , Surikova Svetlana
Published: January 2025

The paper aims to map available evidence regarding the transfer of learning from professional development (PD) into practice. The scoping review is based on an analysis of the key characteristics of effective PD, drawing from 60 meta-analyses and various types of reviews (e.g., systematic, integrative, etc.) regarding PD both in general and in various professional fields published from 2009 to 2024. Three research questions are put forward: What characterises effective PD? Which theoretical concepts in the scientific literature represent the transfer of adult PD into practice? And what processes and indicators show effective ways of transferring PD and learning outcomes into practice? The methodology of the review is organised into three steps—preliminary study, the main study, and conceptualisation—by selecting publications and deriving concepts and conclusions relevant to the research questions, as well as identifying knowledge gaps for further exploration. The research literature uses various concepts to characterise the transfer of PD into practice as it is determined by different contexts, research traditions, and practices. Although effective PD has been defined and several theoretical models have been developed, research on PD effectiveness indicators and processes related to the transfer of PD into practice is still ongoing. However, not all evaluations take these models as bases to evaluate the existing PD practices, so the different indicators proposed by different researchers make it difficult to compare the results. The main problem is insufficient evidence in terms of measurable and comparable effectiveness criteria in all fields. The scoping review reveals a variety of controversial or incompletely researched aspects of transferring PD results into practice.
Numerical Simulation Study of Electromagnetic Pulse in Low-Altitude Nuclear Explosion Source Regions
Authors: Li Zhaomin , Dong Jiarong , Wei Bing , He Xinbo
Published: January 2025

A nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) is the fourth effect of a nuclear explosion, characterized by a strong electromagnetic field that can instantly damage electronic devices. To investigate the spatial field value distribution characteristics of the source region of low-altitude NEMPs, this study employed a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method based on a rotating ellipsoidal hyperbolic coordinate system. Due to intense field variations near the explosion center, non-uniform grids were employed for both spatial and temporal steps, and an OpenMP parallel algorithm was utilized to enhance computational efficiency. Analysis focused on the following two scenarios: varying angles at a constant distance and varying distances at a constant angle, considering both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waves. The results indicate that the spatial field value distribution characteristics differ between the two wave types. For TM waves, the electric and magnetic fields share the same polarity, but their waveform polarities are opposite above and below the explosion center. A TE wave is exactly the opposite. Compared with a TM wave, a TE wave has stronger peak electromagnetic fields but narrower pulse widths and lower overall energy. This research provides significant support for the development of nuclear explosion detection technology and offers theoretical foundations for the protection of surrounding environmental facilities.
A Study on Reducing the Noise Using the Kalman Filter in Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM)
Authors: Ono Taishi , Kim Hyun-Woo , Cho Myungjin , Lee Min-Chul
Published: January 2025

Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) is a technique that uses the phase information of light to generate a three-dimensional (3D) profile of an object. Recently, it has been utilized in various fields such as disease diagnosis and research on microorganisms. In the process in DHM, a narrow region around one of the sidebands from the frequency domain is windowed to avoid noise caused by the direct current (DC) term. However, it may not obtain the high-frequency information about the object. On the other hand, windowing a wide region increases the noise caused by the DC term, and generates the noise in the 3D profile. To solve this trade-off, we propose a noise reduction method using Kalman filter. From the recorded hologram image, we can create the frequency domain. It obtains multiple windowed sidebands centered on multiple pixels at random from the frequency domain. This creates a group of data in which noise is generated randomly. This is regarded as frequency series data, and Kalman filtering is performed. This method can reduce the noise caused by the DC term while acquiring high-frequency information. In addition, this method has the advantage that only one image is needed for frequency series data in the Kalman filter. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparison with conventional filtering methods and general image processing methods. The validation results prove the usefulness of the proposed method, and the proposed method is expected to have a significant effect on improving the accuracy of disease diagnosis techniques using DHM.
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Passive Façade and Proposals for Improving Its Energy Performance
Authors: Iavorschi Eugen , Milici Laurențiu Dan , Atănăsoae Pavel , Ungureanu Constantin
Published: January 2025

The double-skin façade (DSF), referred to hereinafter as a passive façade, represents an alternative technology aimed at improving the energy performance of buildings with glass envelopes. A passive façade consists of a traditional façade supplemented on the interior by a secondary layer, which is separated by a ventilated cavity with a variable width. Numerous studies have been conducted to optimize the control of passive façades with the aim of improving building energy performance. This study focuses on comparing experimental data for the passive façade with numerical simulations conducted in ANSYS Fluent 17, proposing optimization options based on the analysis of temperature and velocity fields within the façade. The results reveal the dynamics of natural free convection within the passive façade, the presence of recirculation zones in the experimental model, and the manifestation of the “chimney effect” observed in the temperature analysis of the façade’s interior in both experimental and numerical models. ANSYS Fluent 17 is a numerical simulation software used extensively in engineering and research to provide precise and comprehensive solutions for complex fluid dynamics problems. Although there is a body of existing research, the need for further investigation into façade design, control, and optimization continues.
Analysis of Techno–Economic and Social Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging Ecosystem in the Distribution Network Integrated with Solar DG and DSTATCOM
Authors: Bonela Ramesh , Roy Ghatak Sriparna , Swain Sarat Chandra , Lopes Fernando , Nandi Sharmistha , Sannigrahi Surajit , Acharjee Parimal
Published: January 2025

In this work, a comprehensive planning framework for an electric vehicle charging ecosystem (EVCE) is developed, incorporating solar distributed generation (DG) and a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), to assess their long-term techno–economic and environmental impacts. The optimal locations and capacities of the EVCE, solar DG, and DSTATCOM are determined using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the success rate technique. The study aims to maximize the technical, financial, and social benefits while ensuring that all security constraints are met. To assess the financial viability of the proposed model over a 10-year horizon, a detailed economic analysis comprising installation cost, operation, and maintenance cost is conducted. To make the model more realistic, various practical parameters, such as the inflation rate and interest rate, are incorporated during the financial analysis. Additionally, to highlight the societal benefits of the approach, the study quantifies the long-term carbon emissions and the corresponding cost of emissions. The proposed framework is tested on both a 33-bus distribution network and a 108-bus Indian distribution network. Various planning scenarios are explored, with different configurations of the EVCE, solar-based DG, and DSTATCOM, to assist power system planners in selecting the most suitable strategy.
Wind–Wave Misalignment in Irish Waters and Its Impact on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Shanahan Thomas , Fitzgerald Breiffni
Published: January 2025

This study examined the impact of wind–wave misalignment on floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) in Irish waters, analysing average weather and extreme events, including hurricane conditions. Using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset validated against Irish Marine Data Buoy Observation Network measurements, the results showed a satisfactory accuracy with an average wind speed error of −0.54 m/s and a strong correlation coefficient of 0.92. Wind–wave misalignment was found to be inversely correlated with wind speed (correlation coefficient: −0.41), with minimum misalignment occurring approximately seven hours after a change in wind direction. The study revealed that misalignment could exceed 30∘ during hurricanes, contradicting standard assumptions of alignment under extreme conditions. The investigation highlighted that in western coastal areas, average misalignment could reach 57.95∘, while sheltered Irish Sea regions experienced lower values, such as 23.06∘. Numerical simulations confirmed that these misalignment events amplified side-to-side turbine deflections significantly. This research underscores the need to incorporate misalignment effects into industry testing standards and suggests that current methodologies may underestimate fatigue loads by up to 50%. This work emphasizes improved design and testing protocols for FOWTs in complex marine environments and highlights the suitability of ERA5 for climate analysis in Ireland.
Bi-Level Game Strategy for Virtual Power Plants Based on an Improved Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
Authors: Liu Zhu , Guo Guowei , Gong Dehuang , Xuan Lingfeng , He Feiwu , Wan Xinglin , Zhou Dongguo
Published: January 2025

To address the issue of economic dispatch imbalance in virtual power plant (VPP) systems caused by the influence of operators and distribution networks, this study introduces an optimized economic dispatch method based on bi-level game theory. Firstly, a bi-level game model is formulated, which integrates the operational and environmental expenses of VPPs with the revenues of system operators. To avoid local optima during the search process, an enhanced reinforcement learning algorithm is developed to achieve rapid convergence and obtain the optimal solution. Finally, case analyses illustrate that the proposed method effectively accomplishes multi-objective optimization for various decision-making stakeholders, including VPP and system operators, while significantly reducing curtailment costs associated with the extensive integration of distributed renewable energy. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm achieves fast iteration and yields superior dispatch outcomes under the same modeling conditions.
Media Education
Authors: Todino Michele Domenico , Di Tore Stefano
Published: January 2025

Media Education is an educational discipline focused on critical and conscious engagement with media and their languages. Regarded as complex cultural artifacts, it serves as a preparatory phase aimed at developing interpretative and critical skills regarding the media themselves. The objective is to promote a deep understanding of media as cultural and social phenomena, emphasizing that they are not merely technical tools but carriers of meanings and values that shape perceptions of reality and identity formation. This entry explores the evolution of Media Education, from the 1982 UNESCO Grünwald Declaration to recent international initiatives, highlighting the role of the Media Educator as a facilitator in integrating digital technologies into educational contexts. Key aspects include the rejection of an “apocalyptic” vision of the new media (quoting Umberto Eco), the focus on media as carriers of meaning, and the promotion of critical and creative skills essential for navigating the complexities of contemporary digital culture.
How Can State-Owned Forest Farms Promote Sustainable Forest–Village Cooperation? A Configuration Analysis Based on the Resource Orchestration Perspective
Authors: Weng Diyao , Huang Yan , Dai Yongwu
Published: January 2025

Cooperative afforestation, reforestation, and forest management initiatives between state-owned forest farms and village collectives serve as pivotal strategies for restoring degraded ecosystems, establishing new forested areas, and revitalizing collective forestland resources. These collaborations offer a practical pathway to enhance forest resource utilization while contributing to rural revitalization in forest-dominated regions. Despite their significance, achieving the sustainability of Forest–Village Cooperation through efficient resource allocation remains a critical challenge. This study investigates Forest–Village Cooperation cases in Fujian Province, employing resource orchestration theory to develop an analytical framework for sustainable resource allocation in these partnerships. By integrating Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the research examines how policy resources, human resources, natural resources, economic resources, grassroots connectivity capability, and technological innovation capability collectively influence sustainability. The findings reveal that no single resource factor is necessary for Forest–Village Cooperation Sustainability (FVCS). However, economic resources, human resources, and technological innovation capability emerge as key drivers of high sustainability. State-owned forest farms with weaker grassroots connectivity capability can offset this limitation through natural resource advantages, while those with stronger connectivity achieve cooperation upgrades via efficient economic resource allocation. Furthermore, this study identifies three pathways for FVCS: “Resource Integration-Driven”, “Technology Innovation-Enabled”, and “Capability–Resource Synergy”, each tailored to specific resource endowment contexts. This research not only extends the application of resource orchestration theory in the forestry cooperation domain but also provides actionable policy recommendations for optimizing collaborations between state-owned forest farms and village collectives.
Bile Imprint on Parietal Peritoneum of Gilthead Seabream and Red Seabream: Effects of Fasting Duration, Stress, and Ice Storage
Authors: Bougali Sofia Brinkmann , Karakatsouli Nafsika , Balaskas Christos , Petropoulos Konstantinos , Trampouli Despoina , Batzina Alkisti , Laskari Pinelopi-Paraskevi
Published: January 2025

The Mediterranean aquaculture industry has recently been confronted with the appearance of a bile imprint on fish filets, which to-date remains of unknown etiology. This study investigates the involvement of common procedures applied before (fasting), during (confinement), and after (ice storage) fish harvesting. Two experiments were designed, one for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and one for red seabream (Pagrus major). The fish were grouped according to fasting duration (1, 2, 3 days), harvesting method (stressed, unstressed), and ice storage (0 h, 48 h). In both species, the imprint appeared in all ice-stored fish for 48 h but not in fresh fish (0 h), the color of the imprint became darker as Days of Fasting increased, stressed fish had darker imprints than unstressed fish, and plasma and bile osmolality and cholesterol were significantly affected by treatments. The histological examination of the gallbladder in red seabream showed great variability in the muscularis thickness and appearance, regardless of treatment. These results are not conclusive as to the cause of the bile imprint appearance. However, they offer a first insight into an issue that bears significant impact in the marketing of aquaculture products and may foster further investigation in the search of the underlying causes of this reoccurring issue.