bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conselhos Ambientais: Uma análise do processo de participação de conselheiros municipais no Território Açu-Mossoró–RN
Authors:   , Morais Lucas Andrade de
Published: January 2025

A Constituição Federal de 1988 ao assegurar a criação de instituições participativas legitimou
a participação popular nos processos de tomadas de decisões da gestão pública. No âmbito
ambiental, os Conselhos Municipais de Meio Ambiente se apresentam como espaço para
tutela ecológica ao promoverem a descentralização do poder decisório, acesso à informação e
controle de ações da gestão e políticas ambientais. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa se propôs a
analisar o processo de participação nos Conselhos Municipais de Meio Ambiente no
Território Açu-Mossoró (RN). Para tanto foi realizado um estudo de natureza qualitativa,
descritiva, bibliográfica, documental e de campo. O local da pesquisa foram os Conselhos
ativos nos municípios do território. Os dados foram coletados através da realização de
entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado, composta por 47 (quarenta e sete) quesitos, junto a
cinco conselheiros titulares. A pesquisa documental foi feita pela análise de atas de reuniões,
resoluções e legislações dos anos de 2009 a 2015. As entrevistas e os documentos foram
analisados pelo: Programa Excel, Software Nvivo e pelo método da técnica interpretativa. Um
levantamento preliminar possibilitou constatar que apenas no município de Mossoró (RN)
havia Conselho Ambiental ativo. Assim, análise da participação nos Conselhos partiu sob três
dimensões a legal, a formal e a concepção dos entrevistados. Na dimensão legal (resoluções e
leis) é concedida uma participação de modo ideal com evidência no controle, parceria, cogestão,
delegação, interativa ou colaborativa. A dimensão formal e a concepção dos
entrevistados corroboram e apresentam um tipo de participação divergente ao que é
estabelecido na dimensão legal, sendo principalmente de controle e funcional. O Conselho
apresentou alguns problemas que precisam ser fortalecidos em seu processo participativo, tais
como: escolha de membros com interesse/vocação para participar do Conselho, a questão
partidária, interesse de grupos, influência do governo no Conselho, domínio da elite local,
assimetrias de representações no processo decisório, formação, estruturação e composição do
Conselho que dá margem ao aparelhamento, descontinuidade das reuniões, desinteresse, falta
de assiduidade e disponibilidade de tempo dos membros, ausência de capacitação e educação
ambiental continuada para os membros, falta de divulgação, publicização e transparência das
ações do Conselho, ausência de espaço físico e ausência de acesso à informação e dados em
tempo hábil. Tais dificuldades e limitações tem prejudicado a atuação dos conselheiros de
forma que proporcione uma participação ideal.
Contribuição ao estudo da percepção da população sobre o comportamento de cães e gatos em 4 comunidades rurais de Mossoró/ RN
Authors:   , Costa Vanessa Kaliane Nunes da Costa
Published: January 2025

Os animais de companhia crescem de forma geométrica e a falta de um controle adequado favorece o aumento desses animais nas ruas. A esterilização cirúrgica é uma alternativa importante e para o controle das populações de cães e gatos, contribuindo para a redução dos animais abandonados, as zoonoses, os maus tratos e muitos agravos com a sociedade. No entanto, existe uma relutância de muitos dos tutores desses animais em castrá-los, pois associam a esterilização a algo negativo, como o surgimento de comportamentos tidos como indesejados. Portanto, o presente trabalho objetivou fazer uma análise da percepção da população sobre as alterações comportamentais dos animais de companhia após o procedimento cirúrgico de esterilização. O trabalho foi realizado em animais de companhia das comunidades rurais de Mossoró/RN, para isso foi feito um levantamento do número de animais de cada comunidade, na ocasião houve a aplicação de um questionário e o cadastramento destes animais, em seguida realizado a castração por esterilização cirúrgica, naqueles animais em que os tutores aceitaram. Após 6(seis) meses os questionários foram reaplicados. Através dos dados obtidos com a reaplicação dos questionários obtivemos que o número de cães sociáveis mudaram de 73,30% para 68,10%, enquanto que os gatos foram de 80,80% para 72,90%; 53,9% dos cães tinham hábito de sair de casa, posteriormente esse valor aumentou para 56,8%, no entanto os gatos mudaram de 73,9% para 58,9%; 90,5% dos cães eram considerados ativos, na reaplicação esse valor mudou para 89,9%,os gatos, inicialmente apresentavam uma porcentagem de 84,3% e mudou para 83,8%. 26,4% dos cães tinham hábito de urinar nos cantos ou aos arredores da casa, mas esse valor mudou para 22,90%, já dos 40% de felinos que tinham essa característica, apenas 14,3% o mantiveram. Quanto ao habito de destruir objetos, 31,6% dos cães tinham esse comportamento, mas após a castração apenas 12,5% permaneceram com ele, para esta característica os gatos mudaram de 22,20% para 6,25%. 20% dos cães se demonstraram agressivos, mas esse percentual mudou para 10,8%, enquanto que dos 20% dos felinos eram agressivos e apenas 12,1% continuaram. Podemos concluir os tutores das comunidades rurais de Mossoró/RN são formados por uma maioria de agricultores de baixa renda financeira, que notaram mudanças no comportamento dos cães e gatos, observando também uma redução no número de gatos presentes nas ruas, mas não notaram mudança das condições ambientais.
Causal Associations of Smoking, Alcohol, Obesity, Sedentary Behavior, Hypertension, and Hyperglycemia With Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li Danyi , Liu Dong , Li Yang , Lai Zhongyan , Cao Wenjie
Published: January 2025

Background:

Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO) is a common and main cause of blindness.
Causal, possible risk variables must be identified to develop preventative strategies for RVO.. Thus,
we decided to evaluate whether smoking, alcohol, obesity, sedentary behaviour, hypertension, and
hyperglycemia are associated with increased risk of RVO.

Methods:

The data sources of Mendelian Randomization (MR) study included FinnGen consortium
and the original GWAS article. A total of 130,604 cases with RVO from FinnGen consortium and
12,136 cases with RVO from the original GWAS article. The exposures of this MR study included
smoking, alcoholic consumption, obesity, sedentariness, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. The outcome
of this MR study was RVO.

Results:

Genetic predispositions to alcohol consumption (OR (odds ratio), 1.124; 95%CI, 1.007-
1.254; P=0.037) and hyperglycemia (OR, 1.108; 95%CI, 1.023-1.200; P=0.012) were associated
with increased risks of RVO in FinnGen. There were no significant associations of genetically predicted
consumption of smoking (OR, 1.037; 95%CI, 0.341-3.155; P=0.949), obesity (OR, 1.045;
95%CI, 0.975-1.119; P=0.213), sedentariness (OR, 1.022; 95%CI, 0.753-1.38-; P=0.888), or hypertension
(OR, 0.944; 95%CI, 0.848-1.051; P=0.290) with RVO.

Conclusion:

This MR analysis provides genetic evidence that increased alcohol consumption and
hyperglycemia may be causal risk factors for RVO. In addition, no genetic evidence in this MR
analysis supported that there were causal associations between smoking, sedentariness, obesity and
hypertension with RVO.
Using the AP1 Transcription Factor FOSL1 to Assess the Exacerbation of Psoriasis
Authors: Sobolev Vladimir , Soboleva Anna , Katkova Ksenia , Denisova Elena , Zhukova Olga , Potekaev Nikolay , Sakanyia Luiza , Korsunskaya Irina , Mezentsev Alexandre
Published: January 2025

Background:

The transcription factor AP1 plays a crucial role in the
proliferation, apoptosis, and terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes.

Objective:

This study aimed to clarify whether the subunit of AP1, FOSL1 protein, can
be used to assess the exacerbation of psoriasis by evaluating its changes in protein
and mRNA levels in cultured epidermal keratinocytes and skin specimens of the
patients prescribed with bathwater PUVA (Psoralen and UVA) therapy.
This study aimed to investigate FOSL1, a subunit of the transcription factor AP-1, as a
potential biomarker for psoriasis by examining its protein and mRNA expression in skin
specimens from patients undergoing bathwater PUVA (Psoralen and UVA) therapy
and cultured epidermal keratinocytes.

Methods:

The distribution of FOSL1 in patients’ skin was explored by
immunohistochemistry. Changes in gene and protein expression were quantitatively
assessed by qPCR and ELISA, respectively.

Results:

Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that FOSL1 accumulated in lesional
skin. The expression of FOSL1 significantly increased during disease flare-ups but
decreased following the treatment with bathwater PUVA therapy. Furthermore,
silencing FOSL1 led to a marked reduction in the expression of ten FOSL1 target
genes associated with the disease.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that FOSL1 shows potential as a biomarker for
psoriasis. This is supported by two key findings: first, the expression of FOSL1
correlates with disease activity, and second, its expression is linked to changes in the
expression of genes previously implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, namely
MMP1, MMP9, IVL, CCNA2, CCL2, HMOX1, PLAU, PLAUR, and THBD.
Design and Modeling of 4-Anilinoquinazoline Derivatives as Small Molecule Inhibitors of T790M/C797S EGFR Mutations to Abandon the Phenomenon of Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Shah Altaf Ahmad , Khan Mohammad Kalim Ahmad , Akhtar Salman
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

In most types of cancers, specifically, lung cancer, glioblastoma, and breast cancer, the EGFR tyrosine kinase mostly remains in an overactivation state due to the developed mutations in a few specific residues of the kinase domain of protein EGFR.

Methods:

The overexpression of EGFR results in the activation of signaling pathways responsible for the proliferation, growth, metastasis, and neo-angiogenesis in different types of cancers. The different mutations found in cancers expressing the EGFR include L858R, T790, and C797S and other uncommon mutations like S786R, C761X, and L861Q mutations. In the treatment with first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors like erlotinib and gefitinib, cancers have developed secondary resistance due to the development of secondary mutations like T790M.

Results:

It was first proposed that T790M mutations do not block the binding of the inhibitors, but later on, it was found that T790M mutations restore the ATP binding affinity of the kinase domain of EGFR monomers. Therefore, the first-generation inhibitors are not able to bind to T790M mutated EGFR. The second-generation 4-anilino quinazoline-based EGFR inhibitors like dacomitinib and afatinib have shown excellent binding potency with EGFR (T790M) but suffer serious side effects, which urges us to search for new small molecules, which may have the potential to inhibit the tumor angiogenic signals associated with over-activated EGFR.

Conclusion:

In this study, new 4-anilino quinazoline inhibitors as small molecule inhibitors were discovered to target T790M/C797S mutations in EGFR using structure-based virtual screening, docking, and metabolic reactivity studies against the phenomenon of tumor angiogenesis.
METODE PENINGKATAN KETAHANAN RETAK RESIN POLYESTER DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PROSENTASE VINYL ESTER
Authors: Nusyirwan Nusyirwan , Hizhar Yul , Malik Adam
Published: January 2025

In previous studies, hybrid crash boxes have been developed because it show better energy absorption characteristics. Circular hybrid crash box combine the advantages of low-density of composite with stable deformation of metal provide a potential energy absorption device. Tests were carried out experimentally and iumerically under frontal load. This study aims to determine the energy absorption characteristics of two different configuration of hybrid material compositions using Aluminum Alloy 6063 and T300-epoxy Carbon Fiber composites. Present two typical configurational schemes, namely Al-Ko (i.e. a metal outer tube internally filled with an inner carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) tube) and Ko-Al (i.e. an outer composite tube internally filled with an inner metal tube). Composite layups arrangement with fiber orientation direction [0,90]10. First, the simulation models were developed and validated by comparing the damage modes and crashworthiness indictors with the dedicated experimental study. Second, the interactive effects of different configuration hybrid tubes were investigated by analyzing the discrepancies in the deformation pattern and internal energy absorption of each material through the validated simulation models. The test results show that the greatest energy absorption occurs in the Al-Ko model of 7401.4 J. This hybrid crash box has an energy absorption value of 11% greater compared to the sum of the energy absorption of aluminum tubes (3746.5 J) and composite tubes (2923.4 J).
UJI KARAKTERISTIK BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF HASIL PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH SAMPAH PLASTIK DENGAN METODE PIROLISASI BERTINGKAT
Authors: Baride La Baride , Achmad Muhamad Iqbal , Tasman
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the characteristics and quantity of oil produced from first and second level pyrolysis. The method in this research is an experiment with a pyrolysis tool designed in two levels. The advantage of this pyrolysis tool compared to other pyrolysis tools is that it is expected to produce two fuels with different physical and chemical properties. The results of the study showed that for the first level of pyrolysis PP plastic, 855.7 grams of oil was produced with the following characteristics: density @15°C = 754 kg/m³, final boiling point = 264.9°C, distillation @200°C = 71.8% v/v. while in the second level pyrolysis for the PP plastic type, it produces 138.5 grams of oil with the following characteristics: density @15°C = 718.5 kg/m³, distillation at 10% evaporation volume = 74.4°C, distillation at 50% evaporation volume = 123°C, and distillation at 90% evaporation volume = 142.1°C, final boiling point = 189.7°C. The first level pyrolysis process on HDPE plastic initially only produced 418 grams of oil with the following characteristics: density @15°C = 751.5 kg/m³, final boiling point = 279.4°C, distillation @200°C = 70.9%v/v. The fuel produced from the first level pyrolysis process has characteristics comparable to kerosene, while the fuel produced in the second level pyrolysis process has characteristics equivalent to 88 octane fuel.
PENGARUH VARIASI BENTUK FLAME HOLDER TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK NYALA API PADA PEMBAKARAN MESO SCALE COMBUSTOR
Authors: Mochammad Khoirul Rosidin  , Yuliati Lilis , Winarto Winarto
Published: January 2025

This study used an experimental method by directly observing the object under study. The independent variables in this study include the geometry of the flame holder on the meso-scale combustor, airflow, and fuel discharge. The research data were analyzed and displayed in graphical form as well as flame visualization. This research concludes that combustion using a flame holder circle has a more stable and even flame compared to a flame holder concentric ring and backward facing step. The shape of the Flame holder circle also produces a higher flame temperature.
The results of this study contribute to the development of MPG based on micro combustion with a better understanding of the interaction between flame holders, reactant velocities and equivalent ratios in achieving stable and efficient combustion in meso-scale combustors. This research can provide important input for the development of high-efficiency micro-combustion-based power generation technology in the future.
KUAT BENDING, FRAKTOGRAFI, DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO HASIL 3D PRINTING BERBAHAN PLA (POLYLACTIC ACID) - TITANIUM
Authors: Darsin Mahros , Ismono Firman Ema , Asrofi Mochamad , Hermawan Yuni , Hardiatama Intan
Published: January 2025

Manufacturing technology has experienced significant progress with various innovations, including 3D printing. In this study, an innovation was made using a filament made of PLA 60% and titanium 40%. Bending tests are carried out to determine the combination of 3D printing parameters that can produce the most optimal bending strength. This study uses the Taguchi method orthogonal matrix L4(23). The data is processed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The parameters that produce optimal bending strength values are a nozzle temperature of 230 ⁰C, a print speed of 20 mm/s, and a layer height of 0.3 mm, with the highest bending strength value of 7.13 MPa and the lowest of 2.16 MPa. The factors that contributed significantly to the bending strength results were nozzle temperature of 52.84 %, print speed of 15.91 %, and layer height of 1.80 %.
PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI DAN STABILITAS DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL (DSSC) ORGANIK DENGAN ELEKTROLIT POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL
Authors: Trihutomo Prihanto , Sholihin Mohammad Riyadhu
Published: January 2025

This research will discuss the use of PEG with variations in molecular weight on the stability and efficiency of DSSC. Variations in the molecular weight of PEG used were 4000, 6000 and 10000 which were added to electrolytes containing iodine and potassium iodide using ethanol Pro Analyst as a solvent, then each electrolyte sample was tested for functional groups. Efficiency testing is carried out after the DSSC assembly is complete. Stability testing is carried out by repeated efficiency tests every 5 days after the first efficiency test and is carried out until the third test. The results of the FTIR functional group test showed that there were differences between the electrolyte samples without PEG and the electrolyte samples with PEG addition, but the PEG samples with different molecular weights showed identical functional group readings. The efficiency test results show that the use of PEG increases the efficiency of DSSC compared to DSSC without PEG where the DSSC sample with the lowest PEG molecular weight has the highest efficiency due to the low crystallinity of the polymeric material with low molecular weight thereby increasing ionic conductivity which affects the efficiency increase. The results of the stability test showed that the use of PEG could increase the stability of DSSC where the highest resistance was found in the DSSC with the lowest molecular weight PEG because of its low crystallinity which keeps its ionic conductivity high without being degraded so that efficiency can be maintained.
TECHNO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BIOMASS AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY HOUSEHOLDS AND SMALL INDUSTRIES
Authors: Dewi Rany Puspita , Trisma Jaya Saputra  , Mario Ammar Rasyid
Published: January 2025

Briquetting technology became one appropriate method that can be used to convert biomass waste into a renewable energy source. Sources of biomass raw materials that have promising potential are pine sawdust and coconut shell waste. Sawdust has potential for about 0.78 million m3/year and coconut shell waste around 360 thousand tons/year. The research aim was to analyze the effect of the carbonization temperature to volatile matter and fixed carbon of briquette. The research was done by variating carbonization temperature at 400oC, 500oC, and 600oC. The result showed that at carbonization temperature of 400oC, the volatile matter and fixed carbon was 42.28% and 55.74%. The volatile matter and fixed carbon are 43.19% and 54.96%, found at carbonization temperature 500oC. The highest fixed carbon 55.98% and the lowest volatile matter 42.19% was found from carbonization temperature at 600oC. The carbonization temperature in briquetting process affect the volatile matter and fixed carbon of briquette
PENGARUH INTERLAYER PASTA (ZINC+TAPIOKA) PADA SAMBUNGAN FSSW MATERIAL ALUMUNIUM PADUAN
Authors: Saputra Lingga Arti
Published: January 2025

Aluminum metal is widely applied in the industrial sector because it has many advantages. FSSW welding is a method that can be used to join aluminum. The microstructural test results show the flow distribution of the zinc interlayer in the welding area. The flow of zinc material looks dominant in the steering zone area. The hardness test results for the connection with zinc interlayer had the highest value of 147HV. Highest shear tensile testing on joints using zinc interlayer. The use of zinc interlayer has been proven to significantly improve connection capabilities.
PERANCANGAN ALAT PENCEKAM UNTUK PEMESINAN POLYURETHANE FOAM PADA PROSES FACE MILL CUTTING MESIN CNC ROUTER 3 AXIS DENGAN METODE VDI 2221
Authors: Utomo Archi Kun Cahyo , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Raharjo Wijang Wisnu , Fitrian Imaduddin  , Dikky Kusuma Wijaya
Published: January 2025

Due to the highly brittle structure of polyurethane (PU) foam, a specialized clamping mechanism is required to consider the material's strength and hardness to avoid damaging the workpiece and to withstand the cutting forces during milling and machining. Using a polymer as an alternative for creating clamping tools with characteristics similar to PU foam offers a promising solution. The slightly harder polymer material is expected to address the need for a gripping tool that will not harm the PU foam upon application. The VDI 2221 method, a structured approach to the design and coordination of evolving design techniques, is employed in this study. The advantage of this methodology lies in its ability to adapt continuously through research. A comparative analysis of two design models produced via 3D printing reveals that Design 5 exhibits superior strength under increased stress. Moreover, Design 5 is more effective in gripping the workpiece, as a single gripper can withstand cutting forces from two directions simultaneously, reducing material deformation. This advancement is expected to minimize the risk of material damage during the machining process. This research's novelty lies in applying an optimized polymer clamping device for PU foam, ensuring improved performance and reduced damage during machining.
PERILAKU OKSIDASI ISOTERMAL PADUAN 68,5Fe-14Ni-9Al-7,5Cr-1Mo PADA TEMPERATUR 800, 900, DAN 1000°C
Authors: Muhammad Fadhli , Basuki Eddy Agus
Published: January 2025

Extensive research has been conducted on high-temperature alloys for power generation, with chromium-forming ferritic iron as the primary basis for these materials. However, the practical applications of these materials are limited to temperatures below 800°C. This study addresses the development of an alumina-forming 68.5Fe-14Ni-9Al-7.5Cr-1Mo austenitic iron-based alloy, isothermally oxidized at 800, 900, and 1000°C for 1, 10, 50, and 150 h, respectively. The formation of the protective layer was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) attached in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thickness of the oxide layer was quantified using the ImageJ software. XRD analysis of the sample that had been oxidized for 150 h at various temperatures revealed the presence of Al2O3. The clustered grain morphology was observed at the sample's surface oxidized for 150 h at 800°C. In contrast, the sample oxidized at 900°C exhibited a hair morphology, and the sample oxidized at 1000°C exhibited a wrinkled morphology. EDS mapping of all samples revealed that O and Al dominated the oxide scales. Measurements of oxide thickness indicated an accelerated growth phase during the first 10 hours of exposure, which was subsequently followed by a gradual slowing down in growth rates over more extended periods of time
STUDI IDENTIFIKASI PASANGAN COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM DAN UHMWPE UNTUK APLIKASI MATERIAL IMPLAN LUTUT
Authors: Rusdi Firman Maulana , Cahyani Arini Dwi
Published: January 2025

Orthopedics is a science that studies the human body skeleton. This field of science helps patients who experience joint and skeletal problems. One of the problems faced is the need for body frame components to be replaced, for example the knees. This replacement requires a man-made component, namely an implant. Implants can be made from metal, polymer, and ceramic. The biomaterial implant identification process includes X-Ray Diffraction analysis, hardness and tensile testing. XRD testing of CP–Titanium and UHMWPE using the Rigaku XRD tool. CP–Titanium hardness testing uses Vickers micro hardness, while for UHMWPE uses Shore D. CP–Titanium tensile testing uses a universal test machine with JIS Z2201 standards. Another material, namely UHMWPE, is tested using the same equipment as the ASTM D638 standard. The XRD test results for CP - Titanium show peaks of 35.3˚, 38.6˚, 40.2˚, namely the hexagonal structure of the compound element α - Ti. Meanwhile, UHMWPE material shows peaks (110) at 21.66˚ and (200) at 24.16˚. The peak data is an orthorhombic crystal structure, which is characteristic of polyethylene. The CP – Titanium hardness test results show an average hardness of 360.47 VHN. The hardness value of UHMWPE shows an average hardness of 48.5 Shore D. CP - Titanium tensile testing shows a maximum stress value of 534.4 MPa and a maximum strain value of 0.022. The UHMWPE tensile test showed an average maximum stress value of 23.87 MPa and an average maximum strain value of 1.36. The data above shows that the materials tested are CP - Titanium and UHMWPE. Hardness data indicates that these CP – Titanium and polyethylene materials are too soft for applications requiring wear resistance.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COOLING FLUID VARIATION ON THE THERMOELECTRIC HOT SIDE ON THERMOELECTRIC VACCINE COOLER BOX PERFORMANCE
Authors: Pratama Novreza , Rosyadi Imron , Wahyudi Hadi , Fasya M. Haykal
Published: January 2025

The advanced countries make health a high priority and collaborate to create a better quality of life. Vaccination is a critical component of global health. Vaccines must be stored at a constant temperature of 2-8℃, to maintain the viability of the vaccine cold chain. Thermoelectric cooling systems (TECs) are a solution that is simple, lightweight, low cost, and portable. Excessively high hot-side temperatures can be detrimental to operators and the environment during distribution processes. The application of fans and circulating fluid can reduce the TEC hot-side temperature. The lowest TEC temperature difference of 30.26℃ is achieved by using only a fan. The minimum hot side of 31.28℃ is achieved with the fan and circulating water model. The minimum cold side can be increased to 0.53℃ with the fan and circulating radiator coolant model. All tests were at vaccine-eligible temperatures. The best COP of 0.14 can be reached in this study.
GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF CROWN WORM GEAR WITH STRAIGHT-LINED BLADE PROFILE
Authors: Andrianto Moeso , Litaay Christina , Harun Suryadiwansa , Burhanuddin Yanuar , Arifin Achmad
Published: January 2025

Applications for worm gear drives are common in industry. The crown worm drive is a new kind of inventive worm drive that has just been proposed. Nevertheless, no prior research has been done on the geometric design of crown worm gears with straight-lined blade profiles. On the other hand, designing the cutting tool depends on the geometric design of the workpiece surface modeling. As a result, this study proposed a geometric design for the straight-lined blade shape of the crown worm gear. Numerical examples are used to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the suggested mathematical model. Furthermore, the modeling of a variable center-distance crown worm gear is completed. It is also feasible to model the crown worm gear using different tool profiles, such as concave and convex profiles.
DEVELOPMENT OF LOCOMOTIVE CC 203 MAINTENANCE STRATEGY USING RISK-BASED RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE (RCM 3) METHOD
Authors: Arfiansyah Oky , Wiratmaja I Gusti Nyoman
Published: January 2025

Trains play a vital role in Indonesia's transportation system as they help reduce exhaust emissions and are one of the most environmentally friendly modes of transportation. PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT KAI) as the largest train operator in Indonesia has an important role in providing reliable and efficient train services. This research analyzes the maintenance strategy applied to locomotive CC 203 and provides recommendations to improve reliability and maintenance cost efficiency using the Risk-Based Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM 3) method. The RCM analysis results show that by changing the maintenance interval from P24 to P12, P24, and P48 the reliability of the diesel engine system can be improved from 66,3% to 80,2%. In addition, the risk of failure mode occurrence decreases. Although the cost of the proposed maintenance increases, the benefits obtained are much greater including increased system reliability, decreased risk, and potential reduction in corrective maintenance costs. Therefore, this new maintenance recommendation is expected to assist PT KAI in maintaining reliable and efficient operations, as well as anticipating the risks associated with corrective maintenance costs.
Consolidants in Salt-Weathered Masonry: Retention and Efficiency of DAP and TEOS
Authors: Anupama V A , Sassoni Enrico , Santhanam Manu
Published: January 2025

Consolidants are widely used to improve grain cohesion in monuments and sculptures under degradation. The porosity and pore size distribution of the substrate and the consolidant properties play a pivotal role in the efficient absorption and retention of the compounds. The substrate mineralogy is critical in product formation and essential for the substrates' long-term durability. In this study, the masonry components – brick, mortar and brick-mortar sandwiches – are consolidated by brushing with two different consolidants – phosphate-based DAP and silane-based TEOS. The accelerated salt weathering of specimens in chloride and sulphate solution simulated their deteriorated stage closer to reality before consolidation. The short-term and long-term effects of carbonation condition, pore size distribution, mineralogy and hygric resistance on the consolidation are investigated through microstructural analysis. The results highlight the importance of pore size distribution and porosity in the initial consolidant uptake and the significance of the compositional similarity between the substrate and the consolidant in the long-term retention amount of the consolidants. The observations indicate that TEOS consolidation's higher efficiency is at the expense of pore occlusion, which could adversely affect the systems' durability under salt weathering and freeze-thaw.
Students’ Cognitive Load on Computer Programming Instructional Process Using Example-Problem-Based Learning and Problem-Based Learning Instructional Model at Vocational High School
Authors: Herlambang Admaja Dwi , Ramadana Muhammad Rifqy , Wijoyo Satrio Hadi , Phadung Muneeroh
Published: January 2025

This paper fills an essential gap in applying cognitive load theory in teaching computer programming within vocational settings. It is an important area to consider for improving students' learning processes who intend to enter the rapidly changing technology sector. This study assessed the distinct impacts of the instructional paradigms, specifically Example-Problem-Based Learning (EPBL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL), on students’ cognitive loads upon framing an iterative structure lesson on computer programming. Vocational programming education is chosen for this purpose because vocational education faces unique challenges in integrating practical skills development with theoretical understanding, and programming tasks involve high cognitive demands. In a quasi-experimental design, 68 vocational high school students were assigned to an EPBL (n = 34) and a PBL (n = 34) group. The measurement of ICL was operationalized by RPI, the ECL by ME, and the GCL by LO. The relationship among the various components of the cognitive load was tested using the Spearman correlation test. There are significant differences in the profile of cognitive load between the two groups: the EPBL group was always associated with the lower ECL and higher GCL. In other words, the present study is original because it systematically compares EPBL with PBL in the context of vocational programming education and provides empirical evidence based on instructional design decisions. These findings suggest a further refinement of the CLT within domain-specific contexts and practical guidelines for optimizing instructional strategies in computer programming education in vocational schools.
Implementation of 48V/350W BLDC Motor Speed Control With PID Method Using Microcontroller-Based Sensorless Techniques
Authors: Maula Nurizka Fitra , Ilman Sofyan Muhammad , Yahya Sofian
Published: January 2025

A brushless direct current (BLDC) motor is widely used in automotive and industrial applications due to its low noise and high performance. However, traditional BLDC motor control relies on Hall-effect sensors, which increase costs, enlarge motor dimensions, and risk errors from sensor failures. This research focuses on implementing a sensorless control system for a 350W, 48V BLDC motor. The goal is to achieve stable operation at a set speed of 250 rpm, with a steady-state error ≤3%, under varying loads from 0 Nm to 2.7 Nm. Using the Ziegler-Nichols PID tuning method, the study was conducted in the Electrical Machinery Laboratory at Bandung State Polytechnic. The results show that the sensorless control system effectively maintains setpoint speeds of 90 rpm, 120 rpm, 200 rpm, and 250 rpm. At 250 rpm, the system achieved an average steady-state error of 2.44% using PID parameters Kp = 3.13, Ki = 8.69, and Kd = 0.25. The motor’s output power ranged from 136.88W at minimum load to 297.92W at maximum load, demonstrating improved efficiency and system performance
Design of Automatic Security System Based Internet of Things at the Museum
Authors: Yuwana Rahmat Ageng , Fajaryati Nuryake , Jie Ferry
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the procedures for developing an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Automatic Security System as a security device for museum objects and to test its feasibility based on user feedback in museums. The Design Thinking model used consists of five stages: Empathize (understanding the user’s perspective), Define (gathering information on the encountered problems), Ideate (generating innovative ideas), Prototype (creating a prototype of the obtained ideas, ensuring the functionality of each device feature, and validating the product through expert judgment for feedback and product revision), and Testing (evaluating the system’s feasibility using Usability standards based on ISO/IEC 9241-11, focusing on Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Satisfaction with user involvement). The research results indicate that the IoT-based Automatic Security System has met optimal outcomes based on Usability aspects, namely: the Effectiveness analysis showed a ratio above 100% with a Very Effective level of achievement; the Efficiency aspect analysis received user feedback with a device usage rate of 1.35 goals per second; and the Satisfaction analysis, using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire, scored 78.25, indicating an Excellent level, suggesting that the system is worthy of use.
Evaulation of varicocelectomy efficacy in primary and secondary infertile men
Authors: Akilov F. A. , Muxtarov Sh. T. , Shomarufov A. B. , Abbosov Sh. A. , Giyasov Sh. I. , Mirkhamidov D. H. , Gulomov Sh. X.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Varicocele is one of the main causes of subfertility in men with primary and secondary infertility.

   Objective. In this study, we compared the initial semen parameters and the effectiveness of varicocelectomy in men with primary and secondary infertility.

   Materials & methods. 100 men suffering from primary infertility (PI) and secondary infertility (SI) and having varicocelectomy were recruited. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 58 men with PI and the group 2 42 men with SI. Preoperative clinical characteristics and semen parameters before and after varicocelectomy were analyzed and compared between groups.

   Results. Analysis revealed that the mean age of patients of the group 1 was significantly lower (p < 0,001) and duration of infertility was accurately shorter (p < 0,01) than those of group 2. Main semen parameters increased significantly in group I (e. g., sperm concentration increased by 50 %, from 62,2 ± 8,7 to 93,5 ± 10,0 M/ml and total motile sperm count increased by 113 %, from 76,7 ± 17,1 to 163,4 ± 27,8 M p < 0,05), while in group 2 only % of progressive motile sperm increased significantly (by 107 %, from 13,5 ± 2,6 to 28,0 ± 5,2 % p < 0,05). We identified significant difference in varicocelectomy efficacy between group 1 and group 2 in change of total motile sperm count (by 113 % vs. 74 % respectively, p < 0,01). We also revealed discrepancy between groups in correlation ratio (r) between initial and post-surgical percentage of progressive motile sperm.

   Conclusions. Patients with SI were older and had longer infertility period. Varicocelectomy resulted in significant semen parameters improvement in patients with PI. In patients with SI only a percent of progressively motile sperm improved significantly. It shows that male age and infertility duration may negatively affect varicocelectomy outcomes in male subfertility treatment.
Bladder ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of variably-aetiologic chronic recurrent cystitis
Authors: Ibishev Kh. S. , Paleny A. I. , Mezhidova A. D. , Mamedov V. K. , Goncharov I. D. , Ilyash A. V. , Sizyakin D. V. , Kogan M. I.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. In recent years, there has been a shift in the perspective on the pathogenic basis of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the lower urinary tract. This change is due to the paradigm of non-sterility of urine and the urinary tract. As a result, the long-held view of the etiological structure, pathogenesis, and methods of diagnosis and treatment is being revised.

   Objective. To study ultrasound changes in the bladder wall of patients with chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC) depending on the etiologic factor.

   Materials & Methods. The prospective study involved 177 sexually active women aged 20 – 45 years who had previously been diagnosed with CRC during an exacerbation. Depending on the etiologic factor, they were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 96) — papillomavirus CRC (PV-CRC), Group 2 (n = 70) — bacterial CRC (B-CRC), and Group 3 (n = 11) — candidal CRC (C-CRC). To perform a bladder ultrasound, scanner «Philips En Visor» CHD was used using in the B-mode.

   Results. The study data analysis on the bladder volume in patients of groups 1 and 2 showed significant differences from the results of group 3. When assessing the ultrasound data for residual urine, no clinically significant deviations were found in any of the groups. Regarding the bladder wall thickening, there are reliable differences between the studied groups: in most patients from group 1 and almost all patients in group 3, the bladder wall thickness exceeded standard values.

   Conclusion. CRC is a multi-causal disease, and the etiological factor determines its pathogenetic basis. Ultrasound examination of the bladder can serve as a screening method for CRC, providing clues about the nature of infectious and inflammatory processes in the bladder.
Doppler-controlled microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy: a single centre experience
Authors: Ryzhkov A. I. , Sokolova S. Yu. , Shormanov I. S.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Injury to the testicular artery during microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV) results in testicular atrophy in 20 – 40% of cases. The use of techniques that improve visualization of the testicular artery could increase the efficacy and safety of MSV.

   Objective. To evaluate the effect of intraoperative Doppler control (IDC) on the outcomes of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy.

   Materials & methods. Retrospective cohort study. The study included 101 patients with clinical left-sided varicocele who underwent surgical treatment at the «Mother and Child Yaroslavl» clinic between January 2022 and November 2023. Fifty-two patients underwent standard microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy (MSV group), while 49 patients had MSV with intraoperative Doppler control (MSV + IDC group). The intraoperative Doppler control was performed using the Minimax-Doppler-K 20 MHz («SP Minimax», St. Petersburg, Russia). Intraoperatively, the number of preserved arterial and ligated venous stems was counted. Three months after the surgery, the presence of postoperative complications and changes in pain syndrome were assessed.

   Results. The average surgery time was 79.5 ± 11.3 minutes in the MSV group and 75.4 ± 12.1 minutes in the MSV + IDC group (p = 0.083). Multiple branches of the testicular artery were observed in 77.6 % of patients in the MSV + IDC group compared to 36.5 % in the MSV group (p < 0.001). The mean number of ligated veins was 16.7 ± 2.9 in the MSV + IDC group versus 15.0 ± 3.8 in the MSV group (p = 0.014). No differences were found in the number of preserved lymphatic vessels between the groups. Three months after surgery, no complications such as varicocele recurrence, hydrocele, or testicular atrophy were reported. Pain relief three months post-surgery was noted in 66.7% and 91.7 % of patients with preoperative pain syndrome in the MSV and MSV + IDC groups, respectively (p = 0.047).

   Conclusion. The utilisation of intraoperative Doppler control during microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy permits the preservation of a greater number of branches of the internal testicular artery, the ligation of a larger number of veins, and the attainment of superior outcomes with respect of post-operative pain relief.
Efficiacy of Prostatex Plus in the prevention of prostate biopsy complications
Authors: Aboyan I. A. , Grachev S. V. , Pakus S. M. , Badyan K. I.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The most frequent complications after fine-needle biopsy of the prostate gland are infections and inflammations, which can occur in up to 17 % of cases. Currently, there is no standardised protocol for preventing infectious complications, including the choice of medication, duration, and timing of administration.

   Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of Prostatex Plus in combination therapy after prostate biopsy compared with the generally accepted approach to patient management.

   Materials and methods. A prospective study involved 62 men undergoing examination and treatment at the Regional Clinical and Diagnostic Centre «Zdorovie». Transrectal biopsy was performed using a Philips HD 11 ultrasound scanner with an endfire transrectal probe. All patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 — 30 people who received antibacterial therapy plus Prostatex Plus for 20 days. Patients completed standard urological questionnaires IPSS and NIH-CPSI preoperatively, on day 7 and 30.

   Results. Group 1 patients showed worsening of symptoms at 7 and 30 days after biopsy compared to preoperative values according to IPSS. Aggravation of symptoms severity according to the NIH-CPSI questionnaire was observed on the day 7, by the day 30 the worsening of symptoms levelled out. Similar results were obtained when analysing the indicators of group 2: both IPSS and NIH-CPSI questionnaire showed worsening of the patients' condition by the post-op day 7, and on the post-op day 30 it was statistically significantly higher in comparison with the primary indicators (p = 0,001). Patients with a history of abacterial prostatitis showed a difference in IPSS scores 30 days after biopsy (p = 0.020). A similar situation was observed regarding pain syndrome according to the NIH-CPSI.

   Conclusion. Patients with abacterial prostatitis who received Prostatex Plus showed statistically significant improvement in the symptomatology of urinary disorders and pain syndrome than patients who received antimicrobial therapy alone.
Kidney cancer in a 14-year-old child: a rare clinical case description
Authors: Kuznetsov S. A. , Sizonov V. V. , Belousov I. I. , Podrezova A. S.
Published: January 2025

Kidney tumours are among the most common solid malignant pathologies in children, accounting for 6 % of all childhood malignancies. About 89 % of these tumors are nephroblastomas (Wilms' tumors). Renal cell carcinoma in children is extremely rare, representing less than 1 % of all renal tumor pathologies in childhood and adolescence. Given the rarity of this pathology in children and the small size of neoplasms in the renal parenchyma, differential diagnosis between renal cancer and cystic renal lesions can be challenging. This clinical case describes a successful treatment case of a 14-year-old patient with a detected renal parenchymal mass, subsequently diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma.
Robotic cystprostatectomy in a 13-year-old child with prostate rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Mosoyan M. S. , Kagantsov I. M. , Dinikina Yu. V. , Kashina E. A. , Gilev E. S. , Fedorov D. A. , Rutkovskiy R. V. , Komlichenko E. V. , Kopylov V. V. , Pervunina T. M.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. R Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common type of sarcoma in children, which can affect the genitourinary system. Treatment protocols for patients with rhabdomyosarcomas of the prostate and bladder differ, particularly regarding the need, extent, and timing of surgical treatment. Currently, there are two main treatment protocols for rhabdomyosarcomas of the bladder and prostate: the European (SIOP), approved by the International Society of Pediatric Urology, and the North American one, supported by the Children's Oncology Group (COG). Both protocols share the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy after biopsy of the lesion to clarify the diagnosis. However, the North American protocol recommends further radiotherapy to prevent dysfunction of pelvic organs after surgery, while the European protocol advocates for surgical correction after chemotherapy. Moreover, there is no unified approach to selecting the surgical treatment method. Specialists use both organ-preserving and organ-sparing operations.

   Objective. To describe a clinical case of using robotic cystoprostatectomy as a radical treatment method for a patient with prostate rhabdomyosarcoma.

   Clinical case. The paper describes a clinical case of a 13-year-old boy with prostate rhabdomyosarcoma who received staged chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Since residual tumor tissue remained, the child underwent radical surgery, including robotic cystoprostatectomy with the creation of bilateral ureterostomy.

   Conclusion. In this case, it was decided to opt for a radical surgical treatment method — cystoprostatectomy with removal of the bilateral ureterostomy. This decision was based on the presence of residual tumor tissue according to MRI data, as well as after numerous blocks of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This approach allowed the patient to undergo an adjuvant course of chemotherapy without the risk of postoperative complications, such as infection of the intestinal reservoir in cases where it is created simultaneously with cystoprostatectomy.