bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amoeboid-like migration ensures correct horizontal cell layer formation in the developing vertebrate retina
Authors: Amini Rana , Bhatnagar Archit , Schlüßler Raimund , Möllmert Stephanie , Guck Jochen , Norden Caren
Published: May 2022

Migration of cells in the developing brain is integral for the establishment of neural circuits and function of the central nervous system. While migration modes during which neurons employ predetermined directional guidance of either preexisting neuronal processes or underlying cells have been well explored, less is known about how cells featuring multipolar morphology migrate in the dense environment of the developing brain. To address this, we here investigated multipolar migration of horizontal cells in the zebrafish retina. We found that these cells feature several hallmarks of amoeboid-like migration that enable them to tailor their movements to the spatial constraints of the crowded retina. These hallmarks include cell and nuclear shape changes, as well as persistent rearward polarization of stable F-actin. Interference with the organization of the developing retina by changing nuclear properties or overall tissue architecture hampers efficient horizontal cell migration and layer formation showing that cell-tissue interplay is crucial for this process. In view of the high proportion of multipolar migration phenomena observed in brain development, the here uncovered amoeboid-like migration mode might be conserved in other areas of the developing nervous system.
Ferulic acid attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelium cells and protects retina in db/db mice
Authors: Zhu Dejun , Zou Wenqing , Cao Xiangmei , Xu Weigang , Lu Zhaogang , Zhu Yan , Hu Xiaowen , Hu Jin , Zhu Qing
Published: May 2022

Background

Herein, we aimed to present evidence that Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic acid, can alleviate high glucose (HG)-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis and protect retina in db/db mice.

Methods

ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE cell line) were divided into four groups: control group; HG group (30 mmol/L glucose); HG+FA group (30 mmol/L glucose and 10 mmol/L FA). Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using CCK-8 and Annexin-5 staining, respectively. Apoptosis-related markers including P53, BAX and Bcl2 were examined by RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Totally, 30 male db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db group (5 ml/kg saline) and FA group (0.05 g/kg FA). After treatment for 2 months, retinal samples were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining. Moreover, immunofluorescence was used to detect apoptosis-related markers. Blood samples were collected for measuring cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.

Results

FA treatment markedly increased cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells compared to the HG-exposed group. Furthermore, FA ameliorated the abnormal expression levels of P53, BAX and Bcl2 in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. In animal models, FA attenuated pathological changes in the retina tissues of diabetic mice. Consistent with in vitro models, FA significantly ameliorated the expression of apoptosis-related markers in retina tissues. Biochemical test results showed that FA reduced hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that FA alleviates HG-induced apoptosis in RPE cells and protects retina in db/db mice, which can be associated with P53 and BAX inactivation and Bcl2 activation.
La ambigua clase de “penas facultativas” en la doctrina chilena y de “penas compuestas” en la doctrina española
Authors: Carrasco Jiménez Edison
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo demostrar lo ambiguo de la clasede “penas facultativas” creada por la doctrina chilena, y de la clase de “penascompuestas” creada por la doctrina española. Ello habría de ser así, porque dichas clases de penas no responden a una clase diversa de las llamadas “penasconjuntas” o “copulativas” y las “penas alternativas”, y que en conjunto integran la clasificatoria de “penas plurales” o “pluralidad de penas”, puesto que corresponden a la clase de “penas alternativas”. Tal forma de clasificación se funda en la configuración lógica de las penas, y jurídico-penalmente en el poder discrecional del juez como elemento de distinción en la pluralidad de penas. La importancia del problema radica en que mientras las “penas conjuntas” o “copulativas” pueden producir determinadas consecuencias jurídicas diferenciadas de aquéllas propiasde las “penas alternativas”, las penas “facultativas” y “compuestas” ni producen una consecuencia jurídica diferente de las “alternativas”, ni sugiere valoraciones diferentes. Con lo que la clase de penas “facultativas” y “compuestas” se presta mása confusión que a claridad
Otra mirada en torno a la regla de congruencia en el proceso penal cubano
Authors: López Rojas Dayan Gabriel , Bertot Yero María Caridad
Published: May 2022

El debate en torno a la regla de congruencia en el proceso penal constituye uno de los pilares básicos de las reformas procesales. Siendo una derivación del principio acusatorio, y a partir de su estrecha vinculación con el derecho de defensa, el problema de la correlación penal es un asunto que posee cierto nivel de complejidad, alrededor del cual se tejen variados crite-rios, muchas veces contrapuestos, que dificultan al tiempo que enriquecen el debate sobre el tema. De la mano de una exposición teórica, fundida con valoraciones críticas y referencias jurisprudenciales sobre el desenvolvimien-to del principio de correlación entre la acusación y la sentencia en el modelo procesal cubano, se ofrecen ideas y soluciones que contribuyen a respetar y garantizar esta regla de enjuiciamiento tomando como paradigmas —sólo en lo pertinente— algunas concepciones enarboladas en el rito criminal ale-mán y en algunos códigos procesales de Latinoamérica.
La mediación familiar, una necesidad impostergable para la solución de los conflictos familiares en Cuba
Authors: Suárez Fernández Lisandra , Méndez Trujillo Iris María
Published: May 2022

El presente estudio se centra en fundamentar la necesidad de in-cluir en el ordenamiento jurídico cubano una regulación sustantiva y pro-cesal que permita emplear la mediación como vía alternativa de solución de los conflictos familiares. Bajo tal pretensión se impone en primer orden sistematizar presupuestos teóricos y conceptuales en relación con la media-ción familiar. Tributando a la esencia de este estudio y dada la ausencia de una regulación en Cuba al respecto es ineludible examinar en igual medida el comportamiento y utilización de métodos alternativos de resolución de conflictos familiares en el ámbito internacional y analizar la problemáti-ca actual cubana desde una perspectiva práctica, que apunta hacia el re-conocimiento legal de la mediación familiar como variante alternativa de conflictos de familia desde las propuestas efectivas de otros ordenamientos jurídicos factibles a aplicar a nuestro sistema.
Giro en materia de recurso de revisión ante la Corte Interamericana
Authors: Paul Díaz Alvaro
Published: May 2022

Recientemente la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos se vio enfren-tada a un escenario poco común. Después de haber fallado que ciertas perso-nas habían muerto en una masacre, algunas de ellas aparecieron vivas. Este error fue motivado, en parte, por un perjurio, y dio lugar a la presentación de un recurso de revisión. La Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos (CADH) no establece explícitamente si procede o no admitir un recurso de este tipo. Ella sólo dispone en su artículo 67 que el fallo de la Corte es «definitivo e inapelable». Sin embargo, esto no obliga a declarar inadmisible la revisión, según se verá en este trabajo
Reflexiones en torno a la relación entre el Estado y los nacionales en el exterior: un análisis del caso colombiano.
Authors: Clavijo Padilla Janneth Karime
Published: May 2022

En el presente artículo analizamos la dimensión política del fenó-meno migratorio en el contexto colombiano en particular durante los perio-dos presidenciales de Álvaro Uribe Vélez (2002-2010), abordando princi-palmente el Programa Colombia Nos Une (CNU), como organismo central en la construcción y ejecución de la política migratoria colombiana. En este sentido, pretendemos aportar a la comprensión de la relación entre las prác-ticas estatales y las concepciones y categorías que sobre las migraciones y los migrantes colombianos se han afianzado en el discurso oficial, determinan-tes al observar hacia dónde y a quienes se dirigen las acciones desarrolladas por CNU. Se busca evidenciar los ejes en los que se enfatiza cuando se habla de migración desde CNU y que revelan una forma particular de comprender los procesos migratorios colombianos fuera del territorio nacional, forma que a su vez condiciona la intervención estatal. Así, en primer lugar haremos referencia al contexto general en el cual surge dicho programa. Poste-riormente y vinculado a lo anterior, plantearemos algunas categorías que frente a los procesos migratorios y los sujetos migrantes emergen desde los discursos estatales, articuladas con las estrategias de vinculación propuestas desde CNU, en línea con las directrices planteadas por el gobierno nacional.
A Rare Case of Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Patient on Longterm Azathioprine Therapy: Cause or Coincidence
Authors: Sudhakar Stephen , Sundareshwaran Gayatri , Arora Neha , Dcruze Lawrence
Published: May 2022

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome (APS) is a cluster of endocrine abnormalities that occur in discreet patterns in subjects with immune dysregulation and that permit treatment and anticipation of associated systemic or other hormonal deficiencies. It is classified into four subtypes based on the extent of autoimmune manifestations. APS type 3 is characterised by the presence of an autoimmune thyroid disease and another autoimmune illness, excluding Addison’s disease. Ocular manifestations of APS include keratoconjunctivitis, dry eye, corneal scarring, cataract, retinopathy and optic atrophy. Here, a case of a 23-year-old male patient with APS has been presented with a growth in the left eye for four months, with no other associated symptoms. The patient was a known case of APS type 3 with Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA) since the age of 5 years. The patient was treated with long-term oral steroids and Azathioprine for 18 years. His visual acuity was 6/6; N6 in both eyes. A gelatinous lesion measuring 8x4 mm was located on the nasal bulbar conjunctiva of left eye, extending 3 mm onto the cornea. The lesion demonstrated intrinsic vascularity, feeder vessels and pigmentation, clinically suggestive of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN). Ultrasonography defined the extension of the lesion to involve the episclera, sclera and posterior cornea. Incisional biopsy established the diagnosis of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in-situ. Surgical excision was deferred in view of good visual acuity and deep scleral and corneal involvement. The patient was treated with topical Mitomycin C 0.04%, and remained on close follow-up for six months. A possible contribution of long-term intake of systemic Azathioprine to the occurrence of conjunctival neoplasia can be considered.
Cargo receptors and adaptors for selective autophagy in plant cells
Authors: Luong Ai My , Koestel Jérôme , Bhati Kaushal Kumar , Batoko Henri
Published: May 2022

Plant selective (macro)autophagy is a highly regulated process where eukaryotic cells spatiotemporally degrade some of their constituents that have become superfluous or harmful. The identification and characterization of the factors determining this selectivity make it possible to integrate selective (macro)autophagy into plant cell physiology and homeostasis. The specific cargo receptors and/or scaffold proteins involved in this pathway are generally not structurally conserved, as are the biochemical mechanisms underlying recognition and integration of a given cargo into the autophagosome in different cell types. This review discusses the few specific cargo receptors described in plant cells to highlight key features of selective autophagy in the plant kingdom and its integration with plant physiology, aiming to identify evolutionary convergence and knowledge gaps to be filled by future research.
Intermittent induction of LEA peptide by lactose enhances the expression of insecticidal proteins in Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Akthar Mahmuda , Shimokawa Tomoko , Wu Yinghan , Arita Taichi , Mizuta Kazuhiro , Isono Yuria , Maeda Minoru , Ikeno Shinya
Published: May 2022

Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been extensively applied in agriculture to substitute the use of chemical insecticides. We have previously reported the use of a coexpression system in which late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) peptides under the control of the lac promoter increase the expression of insecticidal proteins in Bt. The use of lactose to induce the expression of LEA peptides may be a desirable alternative to isopropyl β‐D‐thiogalactopyranoside, the most frequently used inducer for recombinant protein expression. In this study we investigated the use of lactose as an inducer for optimal protein expression. We observed enhanced insecticidal Cry protein expression by applying a simple technique based on intermittent induction, and then optimized concentration and the point of induction time from the 11th h to the 15th h. Our data suggest that intermittent induction of lactose might be a new technique for the enhancement of bacterial protein expression.
Evaluation of the EULAR/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Population‐Based Registry
Authors: Guttmann Allison , Denvir Brendan , Aringer Martin , Buyon Jill P. , Belmont H. Michael , Sahl Sara , Salmon Jane E. , Askanase Anca , Bathon Joan M. , Geraldino‐Pardilla Laura , Ali Yousaf , Ginzler Ellen M. , Putterman Chaim , Gordon Caroline , Helmick Charles G. , Parton Hilary , Izmirly Peter M.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Using the Manhattan Lupus Surveillance Program, a multiracial/ethnic population‐based registry, we aimed to compare 3 commonly used classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to identify unique cases and determine the incidence and prevalence of SLE using the EULAR/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.

Methods

SLE cases were defined as fulfilling the 1997 ACR, the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC), or the EULAR/ACR classification criteria. We quantified the number of cases uniquely associated with each and the number fulfilling all 3 criteria. Prevalence and incidence using the EULAR/ACR classification criteria and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.

Results

A total of 1,497 cases fulfilled at least 1 of the 3 classification criteria, with 1,008 (67.3%) meeting all 3 classifications, 138 (9.2%) fulfilling only the SLICC criteria, 35 (2.3%) fulfilling only the 1997 ACR criteria, and 34 (2.3%) uniquely fulfilling the EULAR/ACR criteria. Patients solely satisfying the EULAR/ACR criteria had <4 manifestations. The majority classified only by the 1997 ACR criteria did not meet any of the defined immunologic criteria. Patients fulfilling only the SLICC criteria did so based on the presence of features unique to this system. Using the EULAR/ACR classification criteria, age‐adjusted overall prevalence and incidence rates of SLE in Manhattan were 59.6 (95% CI 55.9–63.4) and 4.9 (95% CI 4.3–5.5) per 100,000 population, with age‐adjusted prevalence and incidence rates highest among non‐Hispanic Black female patients.

Conclusion

Applying the 3 commonly used classification criteria to a population‐based registry identified patients with SLE fulfilling only 1 validated definition. The most recently developed EULAR/ACR classification criteria revealed prevalence and incidence estimates similar to those previously established for the ACR and SLICC classification schemes.
Patient Acceptable Symptom State Versus Latent Class Analysis Outcome Classification: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Riddle Daniel L. , Dumenci Levent
Published: May 2022

Objective

To determine whether Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), a single‐item deterministic binary measure of pain and function outcome satisfaction, leads to better differentiation of outcome classification versus latent class analysis probability‐based outcome subgroups 1 year after knee arthroplasty (KA).

Methods

We used data from Knee Arthroplasty Skills Training for Pain (KASTPain), a 1‐year no‐effect multicenter randomized clinical trial of participants with KA, along with prior work that developed and externally validated good and poor outcome trajectories. Confirmatory latent class analyses were conducted on 2 exemplar outcome measures (Euroquol visual analog scale single‐item self‐rated health and 4‐item pain ratings) and compared with PASS scores. Separation of trajectories were used to compare good and poor latent class self‐rated health/4‐item pain trajectories and PASS score trajectories.

Results

Prevalence rates for poor outcomes were 10% for self‐rated health and 20% for 4‐item pain and PASS. Probabilistic latent class–derived classifications of self‐rated health and 4‐item pain outcomes outperformed PASS in separating growth trajectories. The effect size point estimates for 12‐month 4‐item pain scale score separation was approximately 3 times larger for latent class analyses as compared with PASS.

Conclusions

When used for outcome classification, observed PASS scores consistently underperform relative to probabilistic latent class–derived subgroups of pain and self‐rated health outcome. PASS is a weak substitute for probabilistic classification of other patient‐reported outcome measures of KA outcome. Clinicians and researchers should rely on latent class analyses over PASS to differentiate between outcome subgroups after KA.
Pregnancy Intention Screening in Patients With Systemic Rheumatic Diseases: Pilot Testing a Standardized Assessment Tool
Authors: Pryor Katherine P. , Albert Bill , Desai Sonali , Ritter Susan Y. , Tarter Laura , Coblyn Jonathan , Bermas Bonnie L. , Santacroce Leah M. , Dutton Caryn , Braaten Kari P. , Pace Lydia E. , Rexrode Kathryn , Janiak Elizabeth , Feldman Candace H.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Systemic rheumatic conditions affect reproductive‐aged patients and often require potentially teratogenic medications. We assessed the feasibility and impact of a standardized pregnancy intention screening question (One Key Question [OKQ]) in a large academic rheumatology practice.

Methods

This 6‐month pilot quality improvement initiative prompted rheumatologists to ask female patients aged 18 to 49 years about their pregnancy intentions using OKQ. We administered surveys to assess rheumatologists’ barriers to and comfort with reproductive health issues. We performed chart reviews to assess uptake and impact on documentation, comparing charts with OKQ documented with 100 randomly selected charts eligible for pregnancy intention screening but without OKQ documented.

Results

When we compared 32 of 43 preimplementation responses with 29 of 41 postimplementation responses, the proportion of rheumatologists who reported they were very comfortable with assessing their patients’ reproductive goals increased (31%‐38%) and the proportion reporting obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) referral challenges as barriers to discussing reproductive goals decreased (41%‐21%). During the implementation period, 83 of 957 (9%) eligible patients had OKQ documented in their chart. Female providers were more likely to screen than male providers (odds ratio 2.42, 95% confidence interval 1.21‐4.85). Screened patients were more likely to have their contraceptive method documented (P < 0.001) and more likely to have been referred to OB/GYN for follow‐up (P = 0.003) compared with patients who were not screened with OKQ.

Conclusion

Although uptake was low, this tool improved provider comfort with assessing reproductive goals, the quality of documentation, and the likelihood of OB/GYN referral. Future studies should examine whether automated medical record alerts to prompt screening increase uptake.
Robust multiobjective control of singularly perturbed systems using linear matrix inequality
Authors: Wang Xigen
Published: May 2022

The article investigates the issue of designing H∞ output feedback controller for a fuzzy nonlinear singularly perturbed systems (SPSs). From overall perspective, we design a series of linear matrix inequalities conditions, which provides the optional stability bounds Ɛ0, verifies the existence of Ɛ0 and ensures that the T–S fuzzy SPSs are asymptotic stable for all Ɛ ∈ (0, Ɛ0]. According to the characteristics of SPSs, we design the asymmetric auxiliary matrix P(Ɛ), which reduces the conservatism and expands the application scope of Ɛ in contrast to the previous results. The approach gives the Ɛ‐dependent Lyapunov function and deduces the fuzzy Ɛ‐dependent robust controller. It is not only can be applied to the standard or nonstandard nonlinear systems but also eliminates the ill‐conditioned problems. Finally, a numerical example testifies the feasibility of conclusion.
High Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors and Logic Circuits Manufactured via a Combination of Screen and Aerosol Jet Printing Techniques
Authors: Makhinia Anatolii , Hübscher Kathrin , Beni Valerio , Andersson Ersman Peter
Published: May 2022

This work demonstrates a novel fabrication approach based on the combination of screen and aerosol jet printing to manufacture fully printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and OECT‐based logic circuits on PET substrates with superior performances. The use of aerosol jet printing allows for a reduction of the channel width to ≈15 µm and the estimated volume by a factor of ≈40, compared to the fully screen printed OECTs. Hence, the OECT devices and OECT‐based logic circuits fabricated with the proposed approach emerge with a high ON/OFF ratio (103–104) and remarkably fast switching response, reaching an ON/OFF ratio of >103 in 4–8 ms, which is further demonstrated by a propagation delay time of just above 1 ms in OECT‐based logic inverter circuits operated at a frequency of 100 Hz. All‐printed monolithically integrated OECT‐based five‐stage ring oscillator circuits further validated the concept with a resulting self‐oscillation frequency of 60 Hz.
2D/2D Black Phosphorus/Nickel Hydroxide Heterostructures for Promoting Oxygen Evolution via Electronic Structure Modulation and Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Mei Jun , Shang Jing , He Tianwei , Qi Dongchen , Kou Liangzhi , Liao Ting , Du Aijun , Sun Ziqi
Published: May 2022

2D heterostructures provide another exciting opportunity for extending the application of 2D materials in energy conversion and storage devices, due to their flexibility in electronic structure modulations and surface chemistry regulations. Herein, by coupling liquid‐exfoliated and mildly oxidized black phosphorus nanosheets (BP‐NSs) with wet‐chemically synthesized 2D nickel Ni(OH)2 nanosheets (NH‐NSs), 2D/2D heterostructured nanosheets (BNHNSs) are rationally constructed with a favorable transition of electron structure and desired intermediate adsorptions for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis. When used as an OER catalyst, to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the overpotential of 2D/2D BNHNSs is only 297 mV, corresponding to a considerable decrease of 22% and 34% compared with the individual 2D NH‐NSs and 2D BP‐NSs, respectively. The structural tracking at the initial reconstruction stage via time‐dependent Raman spectra confirms that the phosphorus oxidization into the P–OH and the phase transformation into oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) significantly promote the electron transfer and electrocatalytic efficiency and thus endow the 2D/2D BNHNSs with much enhanced OER catalytic activity. This work offers new insights on the electron structure modulation of 2D‐based heterostructures and opens new avenues for regulating the adsorption of emerging phosphorene‐based materials for electrocatalysis.
Education, neighborhood environment, and cognitive decline: Findings from two prospective cohort studies of older adults in China
Authors: Wang Yingzhe , Jiang Yanfeng , Wu Wanqing , Xu Kelin , Zhao Qianhua , Tan Ziyi , Liang Xiaoniu , Fan Min , Xiao Zhenxu , Zheng Li , Ding Saineng , Dong Qiang , Hong Zhen , Jin Li , Chen Xingdong , Ding Ding , Cui Mei
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The impacts of education on cognitive decline across different neighborhood environments (NEs) have rarely been studied.

Methods

We investigated and compared the associations between educational attainment and cognitive decline using data of 1286 participants from the Taizhou Imaging Study (TIS) and the Shanghai Aging Study (SAS).

Results

Compared with low‐educated participants, in TIS with disadvantaged NE, high‐educated participants manifested a significantly slower decline in global cognition (.062 Z score per year, P < .001), memory (.054 Z score per year, P < .05), and attention (.065 Z score per year, P < .01), whereas in SAS with advanced NE, highly educated individuals exhibited a slower decline only in attention (.028 Z score per year, P < .05).

Discussion

We observed the additive effect of educational attainment and NE on cognitive decline in older adults. Education is especially important for maintaining cognitive health in a disadvantaged environment.
Synthesis and Visualization of Entangled 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks with High‐Valency Stereoscopic Molecular Nodes for Gas Separation
Authors: Gong Chengtao , Wang Hao , Sheng Guan , Wang Xiaokang , Xu Xiaoqiu , Wang Jian , Miao Xiaohe , Liu Yikuan , Zhang Yinling , Dai Fangna , Chen Liangjun , Li Nanjun , Xu Guodong , Jia Jianhong , Zhu Yihan , Peng Yongwu
Published: May 2022

The structural diversity of three‐dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are limited as there are only a few choices of building units with multiple symmetrically distributed connection sites. To date, 4 and 6‐connected stereoscopic nodes with Td, D3h, D3d and C3 symmetries have been mostly reported, delivering limited 3D topologies. We propose an efficient approach to expand the 3D COF repertoire by introducing a high‐valency quadrangular prism (D4h) stereoscopic node with a connectivity of eight, based on which two isoreticular 3D imine‐linked COFs can be created. Low‐dose electron microscopy allows the direct visualization of their 2‐fold interpenetrated bcu networks. These 3D COFs are endowed with unique pore architectures and strong molecular binding sites, and exhibit excellent performance in separating C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/CH4 gas pairs. The introduction of high‐valency stereoscopic nodes would lead to an outburst of new topologies for 3D COFs.
Stabilization of Cu+ via Strong Electronic Interaction for Selective and Stable CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Zhou Yixiang , Yao Yebo , Zhao Rui , Wang Xiaoxuan , Fu Zhenzhen , Wang Dewei , Wang Huaizhi , Zhao Liang , Ni Wei , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi‐Ming
Published: May 2022

Copper oxide‐based materials effectively electrocatalyze carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR). To comprehend their role and achieve high CO2RR activity, Cu+ in copper oxides must be stabilized. As an electrocatalyst, Cu2O nanoparticles were decorated with hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets to stabilize Cu+. The C2H4/CO ratio increased 1.62‐fold in the CO2RR with Cu2O−BN compared to that with Cu2O. Experimental and theoretical studies confirmed strong electronic interactions between the two components in Cu2O−BN, which strengthens the Cu−O bonds. Electrophilic h‐BN receives partial electron density from Cu2O, protecting the Cu−O bonds from electron attack during the CO2RR and stabilizing the Cu+ species during long‐term electrolysis. The well‐retained Cu+ species enhanced the C2 product selectivity and improved the stability of Cu2O−BN. This work offers new insight into the metal‐valence‐state‐dependent selectivity of catalysts, enabling the design of advanced catalysts.
Heteronuclear metal–organic framework‐based fluorescent sensor for the detection of tetracycline antibiotics
Authors: Wang Cong , Ren Guojian , Zhou Sihui , Yang Yonghang , Sun Ahui , Fang Yu , Guo Dong‐Yu , Pan Qinhe
Published: May 2022

The residues of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) have caused serious environmental pollution due to the multi‐field application. In order to rapidly detect TCs, there is an urgent need to design new fluorescence sensor. Herein, a heterometallic metal‐organic framework (HNU‐61) is constructed and used as a fluorescence sensor for detecting the TCs. InHNU‐61, both Zn2+and Li+ions are assembled into the crystal structure, in which Zn2+adopts tetrahedral coordination mode, and can be served as the potential coordination site. The 3D structure ofHNU‐61is formed by the connection between Zn2+/Li+and isophthalic acid (m‐BDC2−) ligand with the 1D channel alongaaxis. Among the six categories of antibiotics,HNU‐61can effectively detect TCs, including tetracycline hydrochloride (TCY), chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTE), doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX), and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OXY) with the detection limits of 6.5 × 10−8 M, 9.2 × 10−8 M, 4.5 × 10−7 M, and 3.9 × 10−7 M, respectively. Furthermore,HNU‐61enables a rapid and sensitive detection of TCs with good anti‐interference and circulation. The detection mechanism can be attributed to the interaction between Zn2+inHNU‐61and TCs.
Relationship between the physical properties of butter and water loss during lamination
Authors: Jones Annalisa , Martini Silvana
Published: May 2022

Butter provides ideal flavor and texture in laminated pastries. During industrial production of butter for pastries, the butter structure can break due to shear forces during lamination resulting in water loss (WL). This WL in during lamination can affect the desired qualities of the pastry. There is a need to unveil the physical properties that drive WL in butter processing. The objective of this study was to characterize the physical properties of seven commercial butter products and correlate these properties to WL during processing. The physical properties evaluated included solid fat content (SFC), water content, water droplet size, viscoelastic behavior, melting profile, hardness, and WL. Water content is the only characteristic that was significantly correlated to WL. Regression analysis showed that an increase in water content, high melting fraction enthalpy, and water droplet size, and a decrease in the viscoelastic phase shift angle increased WL. Correlation analysis was also performed in high fat content butter (>83% butterfat) and regular fat content butter (<83% butterfat) separately. The WL in high fat butters had significant negative correlations with G′ and G″ and significant positive correlations with SFC at 5, 10, and 15°C (α = 0.05). The WL of regular fat butters had significant positive correlations with hardness, water droplet size, and SFC at 30°C (α = 0.05). No other significant correlations were identified with WL in these two groups. Overall, these results show that various physical properties can affect butter quality for lamination purposes including water content, water droplet size, viscoelasticity, and melting behavior.
Internal topology and water transport in tetrafunctional epoxy resins
Authors: Morsch Suzanne , Lyon Stuart B. , Gibbon Simon , Irwin Mark
Published: May 2022

Water sorption into epoxy resins limits the performance lifetime of many composites, adhesives, and coatings. One hypothesis for the well‐known hygroscopicity of epoxies is that the well‐known internal nodular topology of epoxy networks enhances permeability. This theory has however remained untested to date, since previous attempts to manipulate the internal topology have been accompanied by changes in the hydrogen bonding capability of resins, which dominates water uptake. Here, the nanostructure of highly cross‐linked network polymers based on tetra glycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane is varied in the absence of significant polarity effects by careful optimization of the cure schedule. The internal morphology of resins cured at 100, 150, and 200°C are characterized using Peakforce tapping mode atomic force microscopy, whilst the cure progression at each temperature is analyzed using in‐situ transmission mode infrared spectroscopy. Distinct nodular morphologies are found to form at high cure temperatures (150 and 200°C), where spectroscopic analysis demonstrates that excess epoxy consumption occurs prior to the gel point, as a result of intra‐cluster cross‐linking and reduced reaction selectivity. Surprisingly, the establishment of an internal nanostructure is, however, found to have negligible effect on the extent and kinetics of moisture sorption.
Meeting malaria elimination targets and remaining challenges: Qualitative research on perceptions of stakeholders in India and Southeast Asia
Authors: Guth Jamie , Lamy Marie , Murali Nikhil , Pankaj Patil , Yuthavong Yongyuth
Published: May 2022

Meeting global and national malaria elimination targets requires identifying challenges as early as possible so that strategies can be modified to stay on track. This qualitative study of stakeholders who have a major influence on malaria programs across the Southeast Asian region, including those at a state level in India and at a national level in Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, shows that most believe Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination targets are attainable, but are less optimistic for meeting Plasmodium vivax targets. Across these countries, stakeholders reported large variations in access to malaria diagnosis and treatment; the effectiveness of strategies for reaching migrants and hard‐to‐serve populations; and securing sufficient numbers of skilled workers for both diagnosis and compliance with artemisinin‐combination treatments and the need to optimise use of insecticides. Additionally, there was optimism about coordinated surveillance and response, but this was counterbalanced with a sense that national and regional collaboration opportunities have been missed. Climate change impacts were seen as a potential threat by all stakeholders in this study and in need of further research.
Demystifying Digital Twins: Definitions, Applications, and Benefits
Authors: Cooper James P. , Jackson Stephen , Kamojjala Sri , Owens Garrett , Szana Kedric , Tomić Saša
Published: May 2022

Key Takeaways

For utilities, digital twins are the next step in their digital transformation.

Digital twins have various functional purposes and levels of maturity.

Digital twins can be used to transfer knowledge from a retiring workforce, support increased customer trust and satisfaction, and optimize operations.
A new molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor based on CuCo2O4/N‐doped CNTs/P‐doped GO nanocomposite for detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in serum samples
Authors: Sheikh Beig Goharrizi Mohammad Ali , Kazemi Oskuee Reza , Aleyaghoob Ghazaleh , Mohajeri Taraneh , Mohammadinejad Arash , Rezayi Majid
Published: May 2022

25‐Hydroxyvitamin D3 as a main circulating metabolite of vitamin D is usually measured in serum to evaluate the vitamin D status of humans. So, developing an accessible, fast response, sensitive, and selective detection method for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 is highly important. In this study, we designed a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on the modification of glassy carbon electrode by nanocomposite of CuCo2O4/nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes and phosphorus‐doped graphene oxide. Then 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3‐imprinted polypyrrole was coated on the electrode surface through electropolymerization. Moreover, ferricyanide was used as a mediator for the creation of a readable signal, which was considerably decreased after rebinding of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 on the electrode. The proposed sensor successfully detected 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in the range of 0.002–10 μM, with a detection limit of 0.38 nM, which was highly lower than deficiency concentration (20 ng/ml; 49.92 nM). Finally, the proposed sensor was checked for detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in serum samples with recovery in the range of 80%–106.42%. The results demonstrated the applicability of the designed sensor for the detection of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in biological samples.
The moderating role of state ownership in between product market competition and firm value: findings from GMM and fsQCA
Authors: Thu Phung Anh , Minh Mai Thi Hoang
Published: May 2022

The study explores the link between product market competition (PMC) and firm value (FV) and examines the moderating role of the state ownership (SOE) variable in this relationship by using data from 555 listed firms on Vietnam's stock market from 2011 to 2019 on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) and Ha Noi Stock Exchange (HNX). The System Generalized Method of Moments (SysGMM) is used to consider the relationship between variables. The findings from SysGMM indicate that product market competition has an effect on firm value. Firms with a high proportion of state ownership have a stronger correlation between product market competition and firm value than firms with a low proportion of state ownership. Additionally, we use fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to consider the causal relationship of variables in the model. The fsQCA results show that FV increased when the combination of lower product market competition, higher state ownership, higher firm, and lower debt ratio, which is a common trend to help clarify the evidence in emerging markets. The research is significant for investors, listed companies, and particularly organizations with state ownership, since it enables them to develop specific strategies for enhancing corporate value as the competitive market grows more challenging. Simultaneously, the study concentrated on examining the causal relationships between the variables while utilizing the FSQCA approach in order to contribute to the literature review in the emerging market.
The uncomfortable relationship between business and biodiversity: Advancing research on business strategies for biodiversity protection
Authors: Panwar Rajat , Ober Holly , Pinkse Jonatan
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to stimulate research on business strategies for biodiversity protection. To that end, we first dispel a common misperception among business scholars that biodiversity loss is caused by only a few industries, clarifying that it is driven by practically all. Further, we organize corporate biodiversity protection strategies into four categories based on temporal and spatial dimensions, namely, conservation, restoration, compensation, and reparation. Finally, we illustrate the unsettled nature of the field and the continuing debates among conservation biologists about the best approaches to biodiversity management. We argue that (i) a firm's biodiversity protection strategy should aim to mitigate the primary driver through which the firm causes biodiversity loss; (ii) firms should report performance in each of the four biodiversity protection strategies separately; and (iii) interdisciplinary collaborations among corporate sustainability scholars and conservation biologists are critical to developing effective biodiversity protection strategies.
Benefits of gamification in medical education
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kandamaran , Selvaraj Nikil , Gupta Palak , Cyriac Benitta , Dhurairaj Puvin , Abdullah Adnan , Krishnapillai Ambigga , Lugova Halyna , Haque Mainul , Xie Sophie , Ang Eng‐Tat
Published: May 2022

Medical education is changing at a fast pace. Students attend medical school with a high degree of technological literacy and a desire for a diverse educational experience. As a result, a growing number of medical schools are incorporating technology‐enhanced active learning and multimedia education tools into their curriculum. Gamified training platforms include educational games, mobile medical apps, and virtual patient scenarios. We provide a systematic review of what is meant by gamification in this era. Specific educational games, mobile apps, and virtual simulations that may be used for preclinical and clinical training have been discovered and classified. The available data were presented in terms of the recognized platforms for medical education's possible benefits. Virtual patient simulations have been shown to enhance learning results in general. Gamification could improve learning, engagement, and cooperation by allowing for real‐world application. They may also help with promoting risk‐free healthcare decision‐making, remote learning, learning analytics, and quick feedback. We account for Preclinical training which included 5 electronic games and 4 mobile apps, while clinical training included 5 electronic games, 10 mobile applications, and 12 virtual patient simulation tools. There were additionally nine more gamified virtual environment training products that were not commercially accessible. Many of these studies have shown that utilizing gamified media in medical education may confer advantages. This collection of hyperlinked resources may be utilized by medical students, practitioners, and instructors at all levels.
Antioxidant‐enriched gluten‐free bread made with buckwheat flour: Evaluation of technological and nutritional quality
Authors: Brites Lara T. G. F. , Rebellato Ana P. , Meinhart Adriana D. , Godoy Helena Teixeira , Steel Caroline J.
Published: May 2022

Background and Objectives

Buckwheat is a pseudocereal that has been considered a potential ingredient in bakery products, mainly due to its composition. Many bioactive compounds are found in the outer layers of the grain. This study aimed to produce gluten‐free breads using refined buckwheat flour (RBF) and whole‐grain buckwheat flour (WBF). Three formulations were developed: F1 (100%‐RBF); F2 (70%‐RBF and 30%‐WBF); and F3 (55%‐RBF and 45%‐WBF). The flours were evaluated for pasting, thermal, and thermomechanical properties. The breads were characterized for specific volume, color, moisture content, water activity, firmness, total reducing capacity, antioxidant capacity, rutin and quercetin levels, protein content, in vitro protein digestibility, in vitro starch digestibility, and sensory acceptance.

Findings

RBF presented superior results for pasting and thermomechanical properties, with no significant difference for thermal properties. Breads from formulation F1 had greater specific volume, lower firmness, higher protein digestibility, and better sensory acceptance, when compared to F2 and F3. However, the incorporation of WBF to F2 and F3 led to an increase in rutin and quercetin levels, total reducing capacity, antioxidant capacity, and total protein content. Principal components analysis showed a clear distinction between formulations with and without WBF, and how the parameters evaluated were dependent on the composition of the buckwheat flour used for bread preparation.

Conclusions

RBF and WBF flours proved to be promising ingredients for the preparation of gluten‐free breads with nutritional improvement.

Significance and Novelty

Data on the use of WBF and nutritional characteristics of breads were obtained. Future studies should evaluate the presence of antinutritional compounds.
Modeling and optimization of phycoremediation of heavy metals from simulated ash pond water through robust hybrid artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Sarkar Biswajit , Dutta Susmita , Lahiri Sandip Kumar
Published: May 2022

In thermal power plants, ash pond water is being polluted with heavy metals such as Lead (II), Nickel (II), Manganese (II), Cadmium (II), Chromium (VI), and so on, through leaching from coal ash and this can eventually contaminate the groundwater. In the present study, a consortium consisting of a cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. and green algae Chlorella sp. was used for phycoremediation of such heavy metals from simulated ash pond water. The concentrations of metals, pH and days were varied during experimentation. An accurate data‐driven artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed with the experimental data to find a relation between the input variables of the phycoremediation process with the percentage removal of the pollutants and amount of biomass produced. The optimum ANN design and ANN algorithm were evaluated using an automatic exhaustive search technique. To maximize metal removal and biomass production, a hybrid artificial neural network‐simulated annealing (ANN‐SA) optimization technique was applied to determine optimal values of input parameters. The established modeling and optimization technique is generic and can be applied to any other experimental study.
Real‐Space Interpretation of Interatomic Charge Transfer and Electron Exchange Effects by Combining Static and Kinetic Potentials and Associated Vector Fields**
Authors: Shteingolts Sergey A. , Stash Adam I. , Tsirelson Vladimir G. , Fayzullin Robert R.
Published: May 2022

Intricate behaviour of one‐electron potentials from the Euler equation for electron density and corresponding gradient force fields in crystals was studied. Channels of locally enhanced kinetic potential and corresponding saddle Lagrange points were found between chemically bonded atoms. Superposition of electrostaticand kineticpotentials and electron densityallowed partitioning any molecules and crystals into atomic‐ and potential‐based‐basins;‐basins explicitly account for the electron exchange effect, which is missed for‐ones. Phenomena of interatomic charge transfer and related electron exchange were explained in terms of space gaps between zero‐flux surfaces of‐ and‐basins. The gap between‐ and‐basins represents the charge transfer, while the gap between‐ and‐basins is a real‐space manifestation of sharing the transferred electrons caused by the static exchange and kinetic effects as a response against the electron transfer. The regularity describing relative positions of‐,‐, and‐ basin boundaries between interacting atoms was proposed. The position of‐boundary between‐ and‐ones within an electron occupier atom determines the extent of transferred electron sharing. The stronger an H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond is, the deeper hydrogen atom's‐basin penetrates oxygen atom's‐basin, while for covalent bonds a‐boundary closely approaches a‐one indicating almost complete sharing of the transferred electrons. In the case of ionic bonds, the same region corresponds to electron pairing within the‐basin of an electron occupier atom.
Selective [2+1+1] Fragmentation of P4by heteroleptic Metallasilylenes
Authors: Schoening Juliane , Gehlhaar Alexander , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: May 2022

Small‐molecule activation by low‐valent main‐group element compounds is of general interest. We here report the synthesis and characterization (1H,13C,29Si NMR, IR, sc‐XRD) of heteroleptic metallasilylenes L1(Cl)MSiL2(M=Al1, Ga2, L1=HC[C(Me)NDipp]2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; L2=PhC(NtBu)2). Their electronic nature was analyzed by quantum chemical computations, while their promising potential in small‐molecule activation was demonstrated in reactions with P4, which occurred with unprecedented [2+1+1] fragmentation of the P4tetrahedron and formation of L1(Cl)MPSi(L2)PPSi(L2)PM(Cl)L1(M=Al3, Ga4).