bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Census of heat tolerance among Florida's threatened staghorn corals finds resilient individuals throughout existing nursery populations
Authors: Cunning Ross , Parker Katherine E. , Johnson-Sapp Kelsey , Karp Richard F. , Wen Alexandra D. , Williamson Olivia M. , Bartels Erich , D'Alessandro Martine , Gilliam David S. , Hanson Grace , Levy Jessica , Lirman Diego , Maxwell Kerry , Million Wyatt C. , Moulding Alison L. , Moura Amelia , Muller Erinn M. , Nedimyer Ken , Reckenbeil Brian , van Hooidonk Ruben , Dahlgren Craig , Kenkel Carly , Parkinson John E. , Baker Andrew C.
Published: October 2021

The rapid loss of reef-building corals owing to ocean warming is driving the development of interventions such as coral propagation and restoration, selective breeding and assisted gene flow. Many of these interventions target naturally heat-tolerant individuals to boost climate resilience, but the challenges of quickly and reliably quantifying heat tolerance and identifying thermotolerant individuals have hampered implementation. Here, we used coral bleaching automated stress systems to perform rapid, standardized heat tolerance assays on 229 colonies of
Acropora cervicornis
across six coral nurseries spanning Florida's Coral Reef, USA. Analysis of heat stress dose–response curves for each colony revealed a broad range in thermal tolerance among individuals (approx. 2.5°C range in

F
v
/F
m

ED50), with highly reproducible rankings across independent tests (
r
= 0.76). Most phenotypic variation occurred within nurseries rather than between them, pointing to a potentially dominant role of fixed genetic effects in setting thermal tolerance and widespread distribution of tolerant individuals throughout the population. The identification of tolerant individuals provides immediately actionable information to optimize nursery and restoration programmes for Florida's threatened staghorn corals. This work further provides a blueprint for future efforts to identify and source thermally tolerant corals for conservation interventions worldwide.
Natural disturbance impacts on trade-offs and co-benefits of forest biodiversity and carbon
Authors: Mikoláš Martin , Svitok Marek , Bače Radek , Meigs Garrett W. , Keeton William S. , Keith Heather , Buechling Arne , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Kozák Daniel , Bollmann Kurt , Begovič Krešimir , Čada Vojtěch , Chaskovskyy Oleh , Ralhan Dheeraj , Dušátko Martin , Ferenčík Matej , Frankovič Michal , Gloor Rhiannon , Hofmeister Jeňýk , Janda Pavel , Kameniar Ondrej , Lábusová Jana , Majdanová Linda , Nagel Thomas A. , Pavlin Jakob , Pettit Joseph L. , Rodrigo Ruffy , Roibu Catalin-Constantin , Rydval Miloš , Sabatini Francesco M. , Schurman Jonathan , Synek Michal , Vostarek Ondřej , Zemlerová Veronika , Svoboda Miroslav
Published: October 2021

With accelerating environmental change, understanding forest disturbance impacts on trade-offs between biodiversity and carbon dynamics is of high socio-economic importance. Most studies, however, have assessed immediate or short-term effects of disturbance, while long-term impacts remain poorly understood. Using a tree-ring-based approach, we analysed the effect of 250 years of disturbances on present-day biodiversity indicators and carbon dynamics in primary forests. Disturbance legacies spanning centuries shaped contemporary forest co-benefits and trade-offs, with contrasting, local-scale effects. Disturbances enhanced carbon sequestration, reaching maximum rates within a comparatively narrow post-disturbance window (up to 50 years). Concurrently, disturbance diminished aboveground carbon storage, which gradually returned to peak levels over centuries. Temporal patterns in biodiversity potential were bimodal; the first maximum coincided with the short-term post-disturbance carbon sequestration peak, and the second occurred during periods of maximum carbon storage in complex old-growth forest. Despite fluctuating local-scale trade-offs, forest biodiversity and carbon storage remained stable across the broader study region, and our data support a positive relationship between carbon stocks and biodiversity potential. These findings underscore the interdependencies of forest processes, and highlight the necessity of large-scale conservation programmes to effectively promote both biodiversity and long-term carbon storage, particularly given the accelerating global biodiversity and climate crises.
Human density is associated with the increased prevalence of a generalist zoonotic parasite in mammalian wildlife
Authors: Wilson Amy G. , Wilson Scott , Alavi Niloofar , Lapen David R.
Published: October 2021

Macroecological approaches can provide valuable insight into the epidemiology of globally distributed, multi-host pathogens.Toxoplasma gondiiis a zoonotic protozoan that infects any warm-blooded animal, including humans, in almost every ecosystem worldwide. There is substantial geographical variation inT. gondiiprevalence in wildlife populations and the mechanisms driving this variation are poorly understood. We implemented Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models to determine the association between species’ ecology, phylogeny and climatic and anthropogenic factors onT. gondiiprevalence.Toxoplasma gondiiprevalence data were compiled for free-ranging wild mammal species from 202 published studies, encompassing 45 079 individuals from 54 taxonomic families and 238 species. We found thatT. gondiiprevalence was positively associated with human population density and warmer temperatures at the sampling location. Terrestrial species had a lower overall prevalence, but there were no consistent patterns between trophic level and prevalence. The relationship between human density andT. gondiiprevalence is probably mediated by higher domestic cat abundance and landscape degradation leading to increased environmental oocyst contamination. Landscape restoration and limiting free-roaming in domestic cats could synergistically increase the resiliency of wildlife populations and reduce wildlife and human infection risks from one of the world's most common parasitic infections.
Crystal structure of [{[Ni(C10H24N4)][Ni(CN)4]}·2H2O]n, a one-dimensional coordination polymer formed from the [Ni(cyclam)]2+cation and the [Ni(CN)4]2–anion
Authors: Tsymbal Liudmyla V. , Andriichuk Irina L. , Shova Sergiu , Lampeka Yaroslaw D.
Published: October 2021

The asymmetric unit of the title compound,catena-poly[[[(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-κ4N1,N4,N8,N11)nickel(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2N:C-[bis(cyanido-κC)nickel(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2C:N] dihydrate], {[Ni2(CN)4(C10H24N4)]·2H2O]nor [{[Ni(C10H24N4)][Ni(CN)4]}·2H2O]n, consists of a pair of crystallographically non-equivalent macrocyclic cations and anions. The nickel(II) ions (all with site symmetry \overline{1}) are coordinated by the four secondary N atoms of the macrocyclic ligands, which adopt the most energetically stabletrans-III conformation, and the mutuallytransN atoms of the tetracyanonickelate anion in a slightly tetragonally distorted NiN6octahedral coordination geometry. The [Ni(CN)4)]2–anion exhibits a bridging function, resulting in the formation of parallel polymeric chains running along the [1\overline{1}0] direction. The water molecules of crystallization play a pivotal role in the three-dimensional supramolecular organization of the crystal. Acting as acceptors, they form N—H...Ow(w = water) hydrogen bonds with the secondary amino groups of the macrocycles, forming layers oriented parallel to the (001) plane. At the same time, as donors, they interact with the non-coordinated cyano groups of the anionviaOw—H...Nc(c = cyanide) hydrogen bonds, giving two-dimensional layers oriented parallel to the (100) plane and thus generating a three-dimensional network.
Perceived constraints to sex tourism overseas: scale development and validation
Authors: Ying Tianyu , Wen Jun , Goh Edmund , Yang Shaohua
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The relationship between sex and tourism remains ambiguous in the tourism literature. Few studies have examined the underlying motivations behind sex-driven travel, and little is known about factors inhibiting tourists' procurement of commercial sex when traveling. Therefore, this study explored male Chinese tourists' perceived constraints during decision-making and developed a comprehensive scale to assess constraints to commercial sex consumption overseas.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from male Chinese tourists purchasing commercial sex while traveling overseas. This study involved a four-stage process as recommended by Churchill (1979) for scale development research. In Stage 1, preliminary items were generated through a comprehensive review of the constraints literature and in-depth interviews with 16 sex tourists, which generated an initial 26 items. During the second stage to purify the measurement items, six items were eliminated, resulting in 20 items. Stage 3 involved exploratory factor analysis (N = 275) to extract the scale's underlying factor structure. Results revealed a five-factor structure with sufficient evidence of internal reliability given Cronbach's alpha coefficients between 0.722 and 0.843. The final stage included confirmatory factor analysis (N = 259) to verify the scale's reliability and validity.

Findings

Ultimately, 20 items were developed to measure sex tourists' perceived constraints toward engaging in commercial sex services overseas based on five factors: structural constraints, intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, value conflicts and service supply–related constraints.

Originality/value

This study advances the scope of sex tourism research by verifying how these five constraints are independent, generalized and can influence the procurement of sexual services overseas. This study is the first in sex tourism research to explore the difficulties facing sex tourists. Results offer marketers important insight on how to better address these constraints while providing a safe and legal sex tourism experience.
Off-the-job embeddedness moderates work intensity on employee stress
Authors: Treuren Gerrit J.M. , Fein Erich C.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Work intensity causes employee stress. This paper demonstrates that off-the-job embeddedness (OffJE), a potential source of social support resources, buffers the negative effect of work intensity on employee stress.

Design/methodology/approach

Guided by conservation of resources (COR) and job embeddedness theory (JET), this paper reports on the moderated regression analysis of the survey responses of 385 adult employees from a variety of industries in Queensland, Australia, using a student-recruited sampling strategy.

Findings

Higher levels of work intensity were found to be associated with higher levels of employee stress. However, this effect was weaker for employees who had higher OffJE. In this sample, work intensity has no relationship with stress for employees who report OffJE beyond the 70th percentile.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates the positive role of outside workplace relationships embodied in OffJE on workplace employee experience, justifies employer work-life balance initiatives and community involvement, demonstrates the potential positive return for employer involvement in helping employees manage the experience of work intensity and contributes to the social support, COR and job embeddedness literature studies.
Exploring relationships between Lean 4.0 and manufacturing industry
Authors: Javaid Mohd , Haleem Abid , Singh Ravi Pratap , Rab Shanay , Suman Rajiv , Khan Shahbaz
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Over the past few decades, lean manufacturing has focussed on being customer-centred and now Lean 4.0 technologies have made it possible for manufacturers to have a deeper view of waste reduction. Technologies such as the internet of things, artificial intelligence, three-dimensional printing, robotics, real-time data, cloud computing, predictive analytics and augmented reality, are helpful to achieve Lean 4.0. This study aims to develop the conceptual understanding of Lean 4.0, related tools and linkage with Industry 4.0. Further, it provides the strategies for implementing Lean 4.0, developing lean culture and highlights the Lean 4.0 application in the manufacturing context.

Design/methodology/approach

This study relates to Lean 4.0 and its technologies. Prominent research is identified through Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar and studied as per the objective of this study. This lean revolution provides customers desire for personalisation, connectedness, high-quality and valuable products. Lean 4.0 provides valuable information on the value chain and production process. This revolution has significantly impacted refining production processes for a greater level of adaptability and cost reduction.

Findings

This paper is brief about Lean 4.0 and its capabilities for the reduction of waste. The authors discussed different tools used in Lean 4.0 and its relationship with Industry 4.0. The classical strategies and progressive features of Lean 4.0 for overall enhancing the manufacturing sphere are discussed diagrammatically. Finally, it identified and discussed 14 significant applications of Lean 4.0 for manufacturing industries.

Originality/value

This study provides a comprehensive understanding of Lean 4.0 and related tools and strategies that help the upcoming manufacturing industries.
A conceptual framework for auditing the physical integrity of historical districts: case studies of Kerman and Shiraz Bazaars in Iran
Authors: Hakimian Pantea , Lak Azadeh
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for defining the notion of “physical integration” regarding the Iranian bazaar as the main component in the structure of traditional Iranian cities. Applying this conceptual framework to the historical bazaars in the cities of Kerman and Shiraz, this study seeks to pave the way for restoring the physical integrity of such historical districts.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted in two phases. First, there was a review of the theoretical background of physical integration followed by the analysis of the corresponding qualitative contents and the validation of the proposed conceptual framework as confirmed by 15 local experts. The second phase tested the validated framework in two case studies based on maps, historical documents and field observations.

Findings

The findings show that the physical integration of historical bazaars can be undertaken in morphological, visual-aesthetic and functional aspects. The proposed conceptual framework is capable of dealing with the different aspects of physical integration in historical districts on a meso-scale.

Research limitations/implications

The theoretical implications of this study concerning the physical integration of traditional bazaars address urban design, urban planning and multi-disciplinary historical geography. The study also has practical implications for the integration of bazaars in historical urban regeneration projects via design guidelines.

Originality/value

This study emphasizes the importance of physical integration as a multi-dimensional concept, facilitating it to deal with the physical quality and the characteristics of historical districts, particularly bazaars. It also highlights the role of the Iranian bazaar as a unifying structure in the historical districts.
Innovating processes and processing innovation: strategic approach to innovation in accounting firms
Authors: Tomo Andrea , Mangia Gianluigi , Canonico Paolo
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper aimed to explore the main strategies and approaches to innovation in professional service firms (PSFs), with a specific focus on accounting firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper relied upon a systematic literature review of previous studies to identify and reconcile the different approaches to innovation processes in accounting firms and further advance a conceptual framework for their discussion.

Findings

The findings, based on the review of 38 papers, revealed four main strategies around two main dimensions: the focus on internal/external features of the firm and the main source of innovation (technology and knowledge). The strategies may enable PSFs finding new opportunities and improving organizational performance.

Practical implications

The paper provides a conceptual framework in the form of a “strategy-innovation” matrix where four strategies emerged to support PSFs identifying possible approaches to innovation for new opportunities and improving their performance and services. In doing so, the paper bridges the main sources of innovation, knowledge and technology with key organizational features, considering structural/organizational aspects, cultural aspects, HR practices, collaborative behaviors, professional autonomy, service diversification and the role of professional networks and external actors.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the literature by deepening understanding of innovation processes in PSFs, suggesting the need to develop a strategic orientation to innovation in these firms. In doing so, the paper also provides useful practical implications for the management of PSFs, suggesting an “innovation/strategy” matrix that might support the positioning of PSFs with reference to its approach to innovation.
Public attitude as a determinant of petty corruption in Egypt: a survey study
Authors: Kamel Iman Ragaei , Abd El Wahab Samir , Ashmawy Iman Karam I.M.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of public attitude on petty corruption.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a survey study on customers of a licenses providing authority (N = 390) in Cairo, Egypt. The authors use Akers social learning theory of crime and deviance and take into consideration criticisms of it. The authors control for individual and organizational level determinants that are identified by scholars as influencing people's attitudes toward corruption and which could be known through the authority customers' experiences. Because the dependent variable is binary, whether a person paid a bribe during last transaction with this authority or not, the authors use binary logistic regression.

Findings

The findings indicate that people are more likely to engage in petty corruption when they see it as acceptable, have previous petty corruption experience and when they use a mediator. Also, of those who dealt with that civil service authority during and directly after the 25th of January Revolution (N = 161) 31% reported that they did not engage in petty corruption in comparison to previous years. They referred this to a change in attitude at the time.

Originality/value

The policy implications of the research are important. Social science theories could generate cultural and policy relevant solutions for petty corruption; however, they have not been taken full advantage of. Also, experience-based country-specific corruption survey studies are important input for an effective anti-corruption policy.
How does knowledge affect IPO pricing? A new approach grounded in the knowledge-based view
Authors: Eom Chanyoung , Kang Hyoung-Goo
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aims to empirically validate that a knowledge-based view (KBV) is an important framework to understand price discovery processes in initial public offerings (IPOs) by emphasizing the unique feature of knowledge creation jointly invoked by underwriters and institutional investors during the book building phase.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors decompose underwriters’ incremental knowledge acquisition into objective knowledge – acquired from premarket bids – and subjective knowledge – which is orthogonal to the objective knowledge. The authors implement a multiplicative heteroscedasticity model to analyze how each knowledge component relates to the level and volatility (as a proxy of pricing uncertainty) of post-issue returns. The authors take the 2007 regulatory change as a quasi-natural experiment in which institutional investors were incentivized to provide true information.

Findings

For Korean IPOs, the authors find that the objective (subjective) knowledge component reduces (increases) both pricing uncertainty and underpricing. The authors also observe that the efficacy of the IPO knowledge creation critically depends on the quality of the information provided by institutional investors, as anticipated by the KBV literature.

Originality/value

Using fine-grained knowledge measures, the authors provide original, compelling evidence that objective (subjective) knowledge formulated from the IPO knowledge-creation processes de facto alleviates (worsens) underwriters’ pricing difficulties. This reinforces the importance of knowledge-based mechanisms in managerial decision-making processes.
Content versus community focus in live streaming services: how to drive engagement in synchronous social media
Authors: Giertz Johann N. , Weiger Welf H. , Törhönen Maria , Hamari Juho
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Social live-streaming services are an emerging form of social media that is gaining in popularity among researchers and practitioners. By facilitating real-time interactions between video content creators (i.e. streamers) and viewers, live-streaming platforms provide an environment for novel engagement behaviors and monetization structures. This research aims to examine communication foci and styles as levers of streaming success. In doing so, the authors analyze their impact on viewers' engagement with the stream.

Design/methodology/approach

This research draws on a unique dataset collected via a multi-wave questionnaire comprising viewers' perceptions of a specific streamer's communications and their actual behavior toward them. The authors analyze the proposed impact of communication foci on viewing and donating behavior while considering the moderating role of communication style using seemingly unrelated regressions.

Findings

The results show that communication foci represent a double-edged sword: community-focused communication drives viewership while reducing donations made to the streamer. By contrast, content-focused communication curbs viewing but drives donating.

Practical implications

Of specific interest for practitioners, the study demonstrates how streaming content providers (e.g. influencers) should adjust their communications to drive engagement in the context of synchronous social media such as social live-streaming services. Beyond that, this research identifies unique characteristics of engagement that can help managers to improve their digital service offerings.

Social implications

Social live-streaming services provide an environment that offers unique opportunities for self-development and co-creation among social media users. By allowing for real-time interactions, these emerging social media services build on ephemeral content to provide altered experiences for users.

Originality/value

The authors highlight the need to distinguish between engagement behaviors in asynchronous and synchronous social media. The proposed conceptualization sheds new light on success factors of social media in general and social live-streaming services specifically. To maximize user engagement, content creators in synchronous social media must consider their communications' focus (content or community) and style (utilitarian or hedonic).
Linkages among automation, job displacement and reshoring: evidence from the Bangladeshi apparel industry
Authors: Hoque Md Aynul , Rasiah Rajah , Furuoka Fumitaka , Kumar Sameer
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of automation on job displacement and reshoring in the apparel industry. It also compares with predictions on the same subject matter by the existing literature and, thus, provides future research agenda for further studies.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data were collected through 27 semi-structured in-depth interviews. The grounded theory was used for thematic and network analyzes, which traced the drivers and barriers, as well as the impact of automation and reshoring.

Findings

Initially, automation decreases human interactions in any specific production section. However, it increases productivity, quality and cost advantages, which invoke growth and further employment in clothing firms. The employment of unskilled workers decreases in the long run when automation is well adopted in the system. Automation does not stimulate reshoring but may support relocation initiatives of production sites around the centers of global value chains (GVCs). This GVC-based relocation may create job displacement in apparel manufacturing nations in Asia while bringing employment opportunities to Sub-Saharan African countries, Europe and North America.

Originality/value

Little empirical research has been conducted on the impact of automation on the apparel industry. This study predicts that human interventions will dominate the sewing of fashionable and sophisticated apparel products while automation may replace many human workers for basic garment items in the foreseeable future.
Fear of missing out? Linking workplace changes and presenteeism
Authors: Wynen Jan , Boon Jan , Op de Beeck Sophie
Published: October 2021

Why do employees continue to work during illness? So‐called presenteeism behaviour is a topic of great managerial and societal importance as it is connected to a series of negative individual and organisational outcomes. A growing body of research points to the importance of workplace factors in shaping employee stress and uncertainty and, ultimately, presenteeism behaviour. Curiously though, the impact of workplace changes on presenteeism behaviour has not been examined, even though the potential stress‐inducing effects of such change are well‐recognised. Building on a data set from the Australian Public Service, we examine how workplace changes are related to presenteeism behaviour. Our findings show that workplace changes generally provoke presenteeism behaviour. Specifically, cutback‐related changes appear to cause presenteeism. This finding is relevant in times when many organisations are confronted with major budget cuts.

Brief summary

This article explores the link between working during illness, or presenteeism behaviour, and workplace changes. Presenteeism behaviour is a topic of great managerial and societal importance as it is connected to a series of negative individual and organisational outcomes. A growing body of research points to the importance of workplace factors in shaping employee stress and uncertainty and, ultimately, presenteeism behaviour. Curiously though, the impact of workplace changes on presenteeism behaviour has not been examined, even though the potential stress‐inducing effects of such change are well‐recognised. Building on a data set from the Australian Public Service, we examine how workplace changes are related to presenteeism behaviour. Our findings show that workplace changes generally provoke presenteeism behaviour. Specifically, cutback‐related changes appear to cause presenteeism. This finding is relevant in times when many organisations are confronted with major budget cuts.

Employees who experience workplace changes are more likely to go to work sick.

Decreased staffing (cutback‐related change) is the main driver of presenteeism behaviour.

Presenteeism is higher among employees working harder and longer hours – that is performing overtime, likely for the purpose of meeting high job demands.

Fairness of pay reduces the likelihood of presenteeism.

The findings suggest that although change itself is unavoidable and even necessary for organisations adapting to external demands, the potentially negative effects of change may be mitigated by appropriate change management and structures.
Organizational Politics and its Impact on Performance and Deviance Through Authenticity and Emotional Exhaustion
Authors: Castanheira Filipa Vieira da Silva , Sguera Francesco , Story Joana
Published: October 2021

We used a multi‐method approach (i.e. multi‐source survey and two experiments) to investigate the mediating mechanisms that link two distinct facets of organizational politics to employee performance and deviance. Study 1 surveyed 132 employees and their direct supervisors working in a call centre. We found that authenticity mediated the effect of general politics on supervisor‐rated performance and that emotional exhaustion mediated the effect of pay and promotion politics on supervisor‐rated deviance. To address causality concerns from Study 1, Study 2 adopted an experimental design to test the impact of high/low general political behaviour on authenticity and task performance. Authenticity mediated the effect of general politics on task performance. In Study 3, we used a similar experimental design to test if high/low perceptions of politics that are related to pay and promotion influence emotional exhaustion and deviance. Subjects in the condition depicting high politics in pay and promotion reported the highest levels of emotional exhaustion, and emotional exhaustion mediated the effects of pay and promotion politics on deviance. Overall, our findings suggest that distinctive types of perceived political behaviours at work influence individuals in negative ways, eventually inducing employees to lower their performance and engage in deviant practices.
Synchronous microwave ablation followed by core‐needle biopsy via a coaxial cannula for highly suspected malignant lung ground‐glass opacities: A single‐center, single‐arm retrospective study
Authors: Kong FanLei , Bie ZhiXin , Li YuanMing , Li Bin , Guo RunQi , Wang ChengEn , Peng JinZhao , Xu Sheng , Li XiaoGuang
Published: October 2021

Background

This study aimed to retrospectively explore the safety and feasibility of computed tomography (CT)‐guided synchronous microwave ablation (MWA) followed by core‐needle biopsy (CNB) via a coaxial cannula for highly suspected malignant lung ground‐glass opacities (GGOs).

Methods

The clinical data of 66 patients (66 GGOs) treated with CT‐guided synchronous MWA followed by CNB via a coaxial cannula from January 2019 to January 2021 were included in this study. The technical success rate, curative effect, and complications were evaluated.

Results

Technical success rates were 100%. The pneumothorax rate was 36.4% (24/66). 72.7% (48/66) patients had the bronchopulmonary hemorrhage, 81.3% of hemorrhage was attributable to CNB. 24.2% (16/66) patients had varying degrees of pleural effusion. The pathological results were adenocarcinomas (n = 44), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (n = 2), chronic inflammation (n = 3) and indeterminate pathological diagnosis (n = 17) with a 69.7% (46/66) positive diagnosis rate. The therapeutic response rate was 100.0% (66/66).

Conclusions

Synchronous MWA followed by CNB via a coaxial cannula has a satisfactory ablation effectiveness and an acceptable biopsy positive rate, which is an alternative treatment for highly suspected malignant GGOs.
The influence of a composite resin adhesive on microleakage into the implant screw access chamber
Authors: Walipoor M , Dudley J
Published: October 2021

Background

The sealing of implant screw access chambers can influence prosthesis success, peri‐implant health and patient comfort. The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of single implant crown screw access chambers sealed with and without a composite resin adhesive.

Methods

Twenty milled lithium disilicate crowns were luted to titanium‐base abutments, attached to implants and randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group had the screw access chamber sealed with polytetrafluoroethylene tape, a 10‐methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate containing adhesive, and composite resin. The second group used the same procedure but without an adhesive. All samples were sealed at the implant‐abutment interface and subjected to thermocycling then immersed in a ferrous sulphate contrast media for 48 h. Infiltration and microleakage was measured using a microcomputed tomography scanner.

Results

All samples demonstrated high resistance to microleakage with no significant contrast media diffusion in either of the two groups.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the use of a composite resin adhesive for sealing the screw access chamber for single implant crowns provided no additional sealing capacity compared with composite resin alone. Composite resin restorations placed in the traditional manner without sealing provided excellent resistance to microleakage.
Effects of the Australian 2019–2020 megafires on a population of endangered broad‐headed snakes Hoplocephalus bungaroides
Authors: Webb Jonathan K. , Jolly Chris J. , Hinds Meagan , Adams Craig , Cuartas‐Villa Santiago , Lapwong Yingyod , Letnic Mike
Published: October 2021

The 2019–2020 Australian megafires were unprecedented in their intensity and extent. These wildfires may have caused high mortality of adult broad‐headed snakes Hoplocephalus bungaroides which shelter inside tree hollows during summer. We evaluated the impacts of two high‐intensity wildfires (2002 Touga Fire and 2020 Morton Fire) on a broad‐headed snake population in Morton National Park, south‐eastern Australia. We analysed a 29‐year mark–recapture data set to estimate survival rates of adults in years with and without wildfires, and with and without human disturbance to rock outcrops. To examine the short‐term effects of fire on occupancy, we analysed presence–absence data collected from 25 sites during 2019 and 2020. Estimates of occupancy were higher for 2020 (0.93 ± 0.09) than for 2019 (0.66 ± 0.14), while detection rates were constant (0.40 ± 0.06). Over the period 1992–2020, the best supported Cormack–Jolly–Seber model was one in which adult survival rates were high and stable (0.81 ± 0.04), but were 23% lower in years when humans disturbed rocks (0.63 ± 0.08). A model in which adult mortality was 20% higher in years with human disturbance and 14% higher in years with wildfires was also supported. Estimates of abundance revealed that the population declined by 34% after the Touga Fire, and 26% after the Morton Fire. Over the 29‐year study, the population has declined by 60%. Our results highlight how mortality events from wildfires need to be evaluated in the context of other threatening processes. For this population, the removal of snakes and associated habitat disturbance poses a more serious threat to population viability than infrequent wildfires.
Demonstrating the general structure and cell types of the fat body in Blatta orientalis (Oriental Cockroach)
Authors: Zülfikaroğlu Tuğba , Turgay‐İzzetoğlu Gamze , Yikilmaz Mehmet Salih , İzzetoğlu Savaş
Published: October 2021

The fat body is a tissue that originates from mesoderm in insects. It consists of several cell types. The basic cell of the fat body is trophocyte. Glycogen, protein and lipid which are required for energy are stored in these cells. Mycetocyte, urocyte, chromotocyte and haemoglobin cells are the other cell types which originate from differentiated trophocytes. Of the cells found in cockroaches, mycetocytes contain an endosymbiont species of bacteria while urocytes are specialized cells for storing and discharging uric acid. Oenocyte, which is not the fat body cell type but associated with epidermis and the fat body cells, is also found in cockroaches. In this research, the fat body distribution was shown for the first time in three selected sections (thorax, beginning and end of abdomen) in all stages of Blatta orientalis (Linnaeus, 1758). In addition, the fat body cell types and distribution were determined by histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies. As a result, trophocytes, mycetocytes, urocytes of the fat body and oenocytes which are related to the fat body were determined in B. orientalis. Also, it was revealed that the fat body content increased in the selected regions of the stages depending on the development. We hope that these findings will contribute to data about the fat body and give some directions to insecticide studies.
Survival and morbidity outcomes after pelvic exenteration for pelvic sarcoma: an institutional series
Authors: Lee Peter J. , Meshkat Babak , Sasidharan Prashanth , Zahid Assad , Coker David J. , Solomon Michael J.
Published: October 2021

Background

To describe our institutional experience in the management of locally advanced primary, and recurrent pelvic sarcoma through pelvic exenteration (PE).

Methods

Patients undergoing PE for locally advanced primary or recurrent pelvic sarcoma between 2003 and 2017 were identified from a prospectively maintained database at a single quaternary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia were eligible for review. The primary outcomes measured were surgical resection margin and survival. Secondary outcome measures included 30‐day morbidity, in hospital length of stay (LOS) and return to theatre.

Results

There were 29 patients who underwent PE for pelvic sarcoma during the study period, with 55% (n = 16) having advanced primary tumours and 45% (n = 13) having recurrent disease. The R0 resection rate was 52% (n = 15); and five‐year‐survival of 38% (n = 11). The R0 resection was noted to be higher in patients having primary advanced tumours (56%) compared to those with recurrent disease (46%), however this failed to reach statistical significance in this cohort. There was no recorded 30‐day mortality. Grade 3 or higher Clavien‐Dindo complications were uncommon (14%), but more likely in patients undergoing surgery for recurrent disease (75%).

Conclusion

In our cohort of patients with locally advanced and recurrent disease, more than 50% achieved an R0 resection. Recurrent disease makes R0 resection more difficult and can lead to higher morbidity, need for 30‐day re‐intervention and longer in hospital LOS. PE surgery remains the only curative option for locally advanced, and recurrent sarcoma in the pelvis, and can be performed with acceptable survival and morbidity outcomes.
Caregiver social support and child toilet training in rural Odisha, India: What types of support facilitate training and how?
Authors: Sclar Gloria D. , Mosler Hans‐Joachim
Published: October 2021

Studies show positive impacts of social support on childcare practices, but there is limited research on child toilet training. Social support with toilet training may be especially important for rural Indian caregivers as this is a new childcare practice for many and mothers face an already demanding workload. The aim of this study was to examine the role of social support in toilet training using mediation and conditional process analyses. We surveyed 570 caregivers of children <5 years old living in rural Odisha, India. We found certain types of support aid toilet training through three mechanisms: directly, by improving self‐efficacy, and by buffering against stress. Informational and instrumental support had a positive direct effect on toilet training while emotional support had no effect. Instrumental support also aided toilet training indirectly through bolstering a caregiver's perceived self‐efficacy. These effects of instrumental support were not moderated by the caregiver's support network size. Additionally, we found perceived stress had a negative indirect effect on caregivers' toilet training efforts through diminishing self‐efficacy, but this effect was buffered (i.e. moderated) by social support. These findings offer useful programmatic insights and expand the evidence‐base on how social support functions to another childcare practice and cultural context.
Inference in response‐adaptive clinical trials when the enrolled population varies over time
Authors: Russo Massimiliano , Ventz Steffen , Wang Victoria , Trippa Lorenzo
Published: October 2021

A common assumption of data analysis in clinical trials is that the patient population, as well as treatment effects, do not vary during the course of the study. However, when trials enroll patients over several years, this hypothesis may be violated. Ignoring variations of the outcome distributions over time, under the control and experimental treatments, can lead to biased treatment effect estimates and poor control of false positive results. We propose and compare two procedures that account for possible variations of the outcome distributions over time, to correct treatment effect estimates, and to control type‐I error rates. The first procedure models trends of patient outcomes with splines. The second leverages conditional inference principles, which have been introduced to analyze randomized trials when patient prognostic profiles are unbalanced across arms. These two procedures are applicable in response‐adaptive clinical trials. We illustrate the consequences of trends in the outcome distributions in response‐adaptive designs and in platform trials, and investigate the proposed methods in the analysis of a glioblastoma study.
Histamine in murine narcolepsy: What do genetic and immune models tell us?
Authors: Melzi Silvia , Morel Anne‐Laure , Scoté‐Blachon Céline , Liblau Roland , Dauvilliers Yves , Peyron Christelle
Published: October 2021

An increased number of histaminergic neurons, identified by labeling histidine‐decarboxylase (HDC) its synthesis enzyme, was unexpectedly found in patients with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). In quest for enlightenment, we evaluate whether an increase in HDC cell number and expression level would be detected in mouse models of the disease, in order to provide proof of concepts reveling possible mechanisms of compensation for the loss of orexin neurons, and/or of induced expression as a consequence of local neuroinflammation, a state that likely accompanies NT1. To further explore the compensatory hypothesis, we also study the noradrenergic wake‐promoting system. Immunohistochemistry for HDC, orexin, and melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) was used to count neurons. Quantitative‐PCR of HDC, orexin, MCH, and tyrosine‐hydroxylase was performed to evaluate levels of mRNA expression in the hypothalamus or the dorsal pons. Both quantifications were achieved in genetic and neuroinflammatory models of narcolepsy with major orexin impairment, namely the orexin‐deficient (Orex‐KO) and orexin‐hemagglutinin (Orex‐HA) mice respectively. The number of HDC neurons and mRNA expression level were unchanged in Orex‐KO mice compared to controls. Similarly, we found no change in tyrosine‐hydroxylase mRNA expression in the dorsal pons between groups. Further, despite the presence of protracted local neuroinflammation as witnessed by the presence of reactive microglia, we found no change in the number of neurons nor the expression of HDC in Orex‐HA mice compared to controls. Importantly, no correlation was found in all conditions between HDC and orexin. Our findings indicate that, in mice, the expression of histamine and noradrenalin, two wake‐promoting systems, are not modulated by orexin level whether the lack of orexin is constitutive or induced at adult age, showing thus no compensation. They also show no recruitment of histamine by local neuroinflammation. Further studies will be needed to further define the role of histamine in the pathophysiology of NT1.
The role of howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya) in the primary succession of the Paraná flooded forest (Argentina)
Authors: Bravo Susana Patricia
Published: October 2021

In disturbed forests, Atelidae primates, such as howler monkeys, are known to play a key role in the dynamics of secondary succession. However, little is known about their role in primary succession. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the howler monkey Alouatta caraya in the primary succession dynamics of the Paraná flooded forest, in northeastern Argentina. This was achieved by studying the recruitment of saplings in the latrines of A. caraya groups inhabiting the forest in the first stages of succession and the distribution of plant species in relation to the age of the forest. The results showed that: (a) young forest areas were dominated by tree species dispersed by water, wind, birds, bats and fishes, whereas older forest areas were dominated by species dispersed by A. caraya, with individuals of some species present in young forests; (b) the floristic composition of saplings growing in A. caraya latrines of young forest areas was similar to that of old forest areas; and (c) saplings growing in young forest areas were heavily associated with A. caraya latrines and corresponded to species from older forest areas. The results allow the conclusion that A. caraya plays a role in the last phase of primary succession of the Paraná flooded forest, as well as in contributing to an increase in the structural complexity and species diversity in the young areas of the Paraná islands.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Implementation in Pakistan of the US Integrated Cargo Container Control program: Trade‐facilitating or not?
Authors: Ali Salamat , Kneller Richard , Milner Chris
Published: October 2021

Using novel firm‐level data, we examine the trade effect of the changed security arrangements for Pakistan's exports to the US following 9/11. The pre‐shipment scanning facility introduced by the Integrated Cargo Container Control (IC3) program, following the 100% scanning requirement, affected the beyond‐the‐border and behind‐the‐border costs of exporting. We exploit the exogenous nature of this shock and its specificity to one export market in the identification strategy. The estimates show Pakistan's exports dropped by between 8% and 11% because of IC3 but that the effect was heterogeneous across firms depending upon their pre‐IC3 port of departure and whether they switched following IC3. We also show that the export fall would have been even greater if 100% scanning had been introduced without a pre‐shipment scanning facility.
Input quality and speech perception development in bilingual infants’ first year of life
Authors: Kalashnikova Marina , Carreiras Manuel
Published: October 2021

Individual differences in infants’ native phonological development have been linked to the quantity and quality of infant‐directed speech (IDS). The effects of parental and infant bilingualism on this relation in 131 five‐ and nine‐month‐old monolingual and bilingual Spanish and Basque infants (72 male; 59 female; from white middle‐class background) were investigated. Bilingualism did not affect the developmental trajectory of infants’ native and non‐native speech perception and the quality of maternal speech. In both language groups, vowel exaggeration in IDS was significantly related to speech perception skills for 9‐month‐olds (r = −.30), but not for 5‐month‐olds. This demonstrates that bilingual and monolingual caregivers provide their infants with speech input that assists their task of learning the phonological inventory of one or two languages.
Mini managers: Children strategically divide cognitive labor among collaborators, but with a self‐serving bias
Authors: Baer Carolyn , Odic Darko
Published: October 2021

Strategic collaboration according to the law of comparative advantage involves dividing tasks based on the relative capabilities of group members. Three experiments (N = 405, primarily White and Asian, 45% female, collected 2016–2019 in Canada) examined how this strategy develops in children when dividing cognitive labor. Children divided questions about numbers between two partners. By 7 years, children allocated difficult questions to the skilled partner (Experiment 1, d = 1.42; Experiment 2, d = 0.87). However, younger children demonstrated a self‐serving bias, choosing the easiest questions for themselves. Only when engaging in a third‐party collaborative task did 5‐year‐olds assign harder questions to the more skilled individual (Experiment 3, d = 0.55). These findings demonstrate early understanding of strategic collaboration subject to a self‐serving bias.