bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing the Quenching Times of Faint M31 and Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
Authors: Weisz Daniel R. , Martin Nicolas F. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Albers Saundra M. , Collins Michelle L. M. , Ferguson Annette M. N. , Lewis Geraint F. , Mackey Dougal , McConnachie Alan , Rich R. Michael , Skillman Evan D.
Published: October 2019

We present the star formation histories (SFHs) of 20 faint M31 satellites (−12 ≲ M

V
≲ −6) that were measured by modeling sub-horizontal branch depth color–magnitude diagrams constructed from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. Reinforcing previous results, we find that virtually all galaxies quenched between 3 and 9 Gyr ago, independent of luminosity, with a notable concentration 3–6 Gyr ago. This is in contrast to the Milky Way (MW) satellites, which are generally either faint with ancient quenching times or luminous with recent (<3 Gyr) quenching times. We suggest that systematic differences in the quenching times of M31 and MW satellites may be a reflection of the varying accretion histories of M31 and the MW. This result implies that the formation histories of low-mass satellites may not be broadly representative of low-mass galaxies in general. Among the M31 satellite population we identify two distinct groups based on their SFHs: one with exponentially declining SFHs (τ ∼ 2 Gyr) and one with rising SFHs with abrupt quenching. We speculate how these two groups could be related to scenarios for a recent major merger involving M31. The Cycle 27 HST Treasury survey of M31 satellites will provide well-constrained ancient SFHs to go along with the quenching times we measure here. The discovery and characterization of M31 satellites with M

V
 ≳ −6 would help quantify the relative contributions of reionization and environment to quenching of the lowest-mass satellites.
Ion Cyclotron Waves in Field-aligned Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Carbone Francesco , Bruno Roberto , Zank Gary P. , Sorriso-Valvo Luca , Mancuso Salvatore
Published: October 2019

The nature of the solar wind parallel fluctuations is investigated in this Letter by using magnetic helicity to characterize their polarization state at proton scales. Our aim is to assess the role of the proton cyclotron instability as a mechanism for generating ion cyclotron waves (ICWs) in solar wind turbulence. The wave polarization is found to depend strongly on the proton temperature anisotropy and on the power level of magnetic fluctuations at fluid scales. The results indicate a clear link between fluid and kinetic scales in the solar wind turbulence, allowing for a picture in which the resonant dissipation of high-frequency Alfvén waves heats protons in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, increasing their temperature anisotropy. The velocity distribution thus becomes unstable to the proton cyclotron instability, which then drives the local generation of ICWs in the solar wind.
Records of melanistic Tamandua tetradactyla (Pilosa, Myrmecophagidae) from Ecuador
Authors: Ríos-Alvear Gorki , Cadena-Ortiz Héctor
Published: October 2019

In Ecuador, the presence of melanistic individuals of Southern Tamandua Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus (1758) has been recognized but there has not been a formal report written about it. Neither has there been one on the observations or the collected specimens in museums. We present six records of melanism in Tamandua tetradactyla from southern Ecuador and discuss other records in wildlife and from museum collections. Half of the records are recent photographic ones (2018), and the other three are museum specimens collected between 2009 and 2016. Our report of melanistic individuals suggests that dark coloration varieties are frequent mutations in the region. This report can be useful to promote conservation initiatives, based on the Southern Tamandua as a potential flagship-species.
Le choix du symptôme
Authors: Bruno Pierre
Published: October 2019

Ce que j’ai appris de Lacan comme élève et comme lecteur et ses conséquences dans ma propre analyse.
La structure et l’idiolecte. Expérimenter le symptôme de Freud à Lacan
Authors: Assoun Paul-Laurent
Published: October 2019

Comment situer l’expérience du symptôme dans l’horizon ouvert par Freud et repris par Lacan ? D’abord en y voyant l’ouverture d’un champ neuf de l’expérimenter, qui va du réel du symptôme à sa confrontation au symptôme dans l’analyse. Champ neuf d’un empirisme radical soutenu par la conceptualité métapsychologique. Pas d’écoute du symptôme sans écriture structurale : le paradoxe et l’originalité du champ analytique sont de combiner la référence à l’universel concret de la structure et la singularité absolue du sujet, ce que la notion d’idiolecte permet de repérer. Le sujet, comme « parlêtre », est bien unique en son genre. Tel le « perroquet de Humboldt », il est acculé à parler sa propre langue, langue d’un (e) seul(e), tout en témoignant d’une structure, à la fois invisible et active, posture envers la castration. Contre la tendance à noyer le poisson de la structure dans l’océan des désorganisations psychiques et des hybrides psychopathologiques – tendance lourde de la tendance postfreudienne de la psychopathologie –, il s’agit de resituer le sujet de l’inconscient en cette diagonale de la structure à l’idiolecte, au vif de l’expérience analytique.
La demande et le désir de l’analyste dans les derniers séminaires de Lacan
Authors: Hoffmann Christian
Published: October 2019

Une analyse commence toujours par une demande qui véhicule un désir inconscient, d’où l’invention par Lacan du désir de l’analyste et du « sujet-supposé-savoir ». Ce dernier est remplacé dans ses séminaires de la fin de son enseignement, au regard de ses avancées, par un « supposé-savoir-lire autrement » l’écriture de l’inconscient, ce qui serait au plus proche du Réel. Le progrès d’une cure devient ainsi celui d’un savoir sur ce Réel qui empêtre le sujet.
Silence… qui parle ?
Authors: Dasseux Ter Mesropian Anahit
Published: October 2019

Dans ce qu’on appelle la « psychanalyse d’enfant », la problématique de la demande est très particulière. De quelle demande s’agit-il ? L’enfant peut présenter des symptômes de dépression, des troubles du comportement, une baisse scolaire, une hyperactivité. Cette souffrance entendue par les parents les conduit jusqu’à nous, en institution ou dans le privé. L’enfant vient amené par le ou les parents, il souffre, mais ne sait pas pourquoi ou de quoi. Les parents, eux, espèrent que le « problème » sera résolu. Il est nécessaire de créer un espace où l’enfant peut espérer que « ça parle », du côté des parents aussi, là où il y a de la souffrance enfouie, pour que cela puisse être dévoilé et symbolisé, et libérer l’enfant qui s’en fait le porteur à son insu.
Si Lacan m’était conté
Authors: Terral-Vidal Marie
Published: October 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la façon dont la psychothérapie institutionnelle reprend et actualise des concepts issus de l’observation du développement de l’enfant. Transitivisme, constellation transférentielle et partage sont notamment évoqués à partir de la clinique d’une institution pour enfants.
Répondre à la (question de la) structure, en contexte de maladie génétique
Authors: Putois Olivier
Published: October 2019

La spécificité de l’entente freudienne de la structure tient à son inclusion indissoluble de l’Autre, qui la constitue en son adresse subjectivante en contribuant à lui donner forme de demande. Dans un contexte médical avéré comme celui du syndrome de DiGeorge (microdélétion 22q11.2), maladie génétique comprenant un fort versant neurodéveloppemental, l’enjeu matriciel d’une praxis analytique tient d’abord à la préservation de cette adresse, à l’encontre d’une réduction de la structure à un endophénotype, réalité organique autonome introduite pour expliquer ce que l’épidémiologie psychiatrique présente comme risque statistique de psychose associé au syndrome. En pointant les risques d’effets iatrogènes autoréalisants de ce signifiant de risque psychotique jusque dans la demande parentale de prise en charge analytique, on propose des pistes pour soutenir la subjectivation de l’enfant par le désir de l’analyste en désaliénant en parallèle la famille de ce signifiant, jusque dans le travail sur les traitements.
La désindustrialisation en longue durée
Authors: Minovez Jean-Michel
Published: October 2019

La désindustrialisation est un phénomène ancien provoqué par les mutations du système compétitivité-coût, de la qualité des produits et des attentes des consommateurs, dans le contexte constamment mouvant des relations internationales. Plus récemment, la responsabilité des entreprises et de leur direction occupe une place capitale dans son explication et la France fait presque figure d’exception dans l’intensité des mutations touchant l’internationalisation puis l’extraversion des firmes, dans la financiarisation du capital des entreprises, dans le passage sous contrôle étranger de secteurs entiers, et dans le désengagement productif de groupes industriels, phénomènes parfois aggravés par les politiques publiques.
La baraque militaire dans les hôpitaux américains de la Grande Guerre
Authors: Coulaud Alexandre , Perarnau Robin , Charrière avec la collaboration de Guillaume , Mariette Manon
Published: October 2019

Les récentes recherches archéologiques menées sur la logistique américaine durant la Grande Guerre et plus particulièrement sur les hôpitaux de l’American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) soulèvent de nombreux questionnements. L’armée américaine fait preuve de réelles prouesses logistiques pour rendre opérationnelles plusieurs dizaines de structures médicales d’envergure et à la pointe de la technologie afin d’accueillir des centaines de milliers de blessés. Ces immenses camps édifiés en quelques mois au cœur des campagnes françaises se structurent à partir d’un module préfabriqué : la baraque militaire. Ce mode de construction devient le nerf de la stratégie militaire américaine, préfigurant les grandes opérations des xxe et xxie siècles. Les infrastructures, médicales (salles opératoires, pharmacies, morgues, laboratoires, etc.) ou non (approvisionnement, quartiers, loisir, stockages, etc.) se caractérisent par une charpente préfabriquée faite d’un assemblage répétitif de panneaux et de fermes. Cette architecture nomade héritée d’une conception du xixe siècle est également le reflet des pratiques socio-économiques, culturelles et architecturales. Au-delà de la simple baraque militaire, ces structures deviennent le lieu de vie et de travail des soldats et du personnel soignant, à des milliers de kilomètres de leur foyer, dans un pays étranger et en guerre.
Impact Assessment of Textile Industries of Rajasthan Using Geo-Spatial Techniques
Authors: Chaudhary Arpana , Soni Chetna , Sharma Chilka
Published: October 2019

This chapter highlights water quality parameters of Rajasthan state using satellite remote sensing and GIS technology. Water and soil quality indices have been applied to identify and assess the magnitude of contamination due to textile effluents in the surroundings of textile industries. In the resultant indices, variability caused due to presence of textile effluents is prominently visible and interpreted with geo-statistical representations. Visible change in soil and water quality has been observed in surroundings of textile industries all over the Rajasthan state. Significant variations have been observed in Pali, Sanganer, Bhilwara regions due to presence of textile industries. To conclude, remote sensing and GIS technologies along with natural resource parameters as utilized in the study can be performed for generating assessment reports for extended area at regional as well as national level and providing backgrounds in formulation of government policies for sustainable development and management of textile industries.
Removal of Dyes From Wastewater by Adsorption Onto Low-Cost Adsorbents
Authors: Shikuku Victor Odhiambo , Achieng' George Oindo , Kowenje Chrispin O.
Published: October 2019

This chapter describes an up-to-date critique of the use of adsorption as a wastewater treatment technique for the removal of dyes. The topics range from the classification of dyes, their occurrence in water and toxicity, various treatment methods, and dye adsorption dynamics onto agricultural wastes and inorganic adsorbents such as clay and metal oxides and adsorption onto microbial biomass under varying operational conditions. It is demonstrated that the discussed materials form alternative adsorbents for dye adsorption from aqueous solutions with comparable or better removal efficiencies relative to the non-renewable coal-based granular activated carbons; they are cheap and abundant. The relative performance of the adsorbents under different environmental parameters for dye removal has also presented. The deductions made and alluded to from various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models are also discussed. The chapter presents the past, present, and suggestions for future considerations in search of non-conventional adsorbents for dye sequestration from aqueous solution.
Outdoor Pollution Management by Nanotechnology
Authors: Jangid Nirmala Kumari , Yadav Anjali , Jadoun Sapana , Srivastava Anamika , Srivastava Manish
Published: October 2019

Remediation of environmental pollution has become a hot issue in the world. Environmental pollution, mainly caused by toxic chemicals, includes air, water, and soil pollution. This pollution results not only in the destruction of biodiversity, but also the degradation of human health. Textile industrial effluent often contains the significant amount of synthetic and toxic dyes. Some dyes are water-soluble, dyes such as azo dyes, sulfonated azo dyes, etc. Hazardous effect of dyes results in the formation of tumor, cancer, liver or kidney damage, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, dermatitis, chronic asthma, coughing, headaches, and allergies in humans and also inhibit growth of bacteria, protozoan, plants, and different animals. A range of wastewater treatment technologies have been proposed that can efficiently reduce toxic dyes to less toxic forms such as nanotechnology. In this chapter, the authors give an overview of the various aspects of nanotechnology to remediate industrial textile dye effluents.
Optimized Base Station Sleeping and Renewable Energy Procurement Scheme Using PSO
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Hai-Lin
Published: October 2019

Energy efficiency of the wireless networks has drawn more and more attentions due to the requirement of the green communication. The base station sleeping strategy and resource allocation can effectively improve the energy efficiency for the wireless networks. Meanwhile, renewable energy is important to decrease the carbon emission. In this paper, the authors propose a joint BS sleeping strategy, resource allocation and renewable energy procurement scheme to maximize the profit of the network operators and minimize the carbon emission. Then, a joint optimization problem is formulated, which is a mixed integer programming problem. To solve it, they adopt the bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization (BVDPSO) algorithm to optimize the BS sleeping strategy. When the BS sleeping strategy is fixed, the authors propose an optimal algorithm based on Lagrange dual domain method to optimize the power allocation, subcarrier assignment and energy procurement. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of their proposed scheme and algorithm.
Management Efficiency Building Materials
Authors: Ion Ionit ă , Costel Serban
Published: October 2019

The main objectives in the field of construction materials management are closely linked to compliance with increasing population demand son building habitat. In order to meet the highest levels of these trends, managers are looking to select the best development strategy of the process of construction and commissioning work of the diversity of construction materials, facilities, equipment, etc., required to put into operation the investment objectives designed. For successful development strategies in the current conditions of increasing complexity, it is necessary to apply some antithetical principles and to deepen the factors that influence the effectiveness of global economic projects and to use mathematical modeling analytical knowledge multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary to contribute to the project. Based on these requirements, in this article, the authors aim to submit a brief description of these principles.
Integrated Model of Affordable Housing Delivery for the City of Windhoek
Authors: Randa Isaac Okoth
Published: October 2019

Limited access to affordable and decent housing for the low-medium income households of Namibia, especially in Windhoek, is a major concern. This is evident as nearly 70 percent of the population are unable to access affordable housing. This situation is exacerbated by lack of an integrated framework for affordable housing delivery strategy. Adopting an interpretivist perspective, in depth literature review of published records, and using hybrid value chain model; this paper aims to identify an effective and efficient strategy for the delivery of affordable housing in Windhoek through the application of the stakeholder approach. Also, the paper intends to determine the appropriate division of roles between public, private and community institutions, and to suggest possible policy interventions necessary for a viable affordable housing delivery strategy. Though several non-integrated initiatives are operational in Windhoek, the joint Public-Private-Social-Sector Partnership model represents a new business model in the affordable housing sector.
Mapping the Commons in Istanbul
Authors: Ergüder Başak
Published: October 2019

In the study, bids for Üçüncü Köprü (The Third Bridge), Üçüncü Havalimanı (The Third Airport), and link roads in Northern Forests will be examined to map urban commons in Istanbul. Two coordinates will be followed for mapping urban commons. First coordinate is the conceptual one which regulates the differences of fundamental conceptions relating to urban commons. At this level, use value will be analyzed in terms of public benefit which is in regard to basic features of urban commons. In second coordinate, urban spaces including exchange value and privately owned such as bridges, roads, airports and highways will be analyzed in terms of infrastructure finance. The aim of the study is discussing the “tragedy of commons” within the context of investments to be made for the urban commons and bringing into question the future of urban commons upon the basis of Istanbul example.
Polymer Consumption, Environmental Concerns, Possible Disposal Options, and Recycling for Water Treatment
Authors: Saleh Tawfik A. A. , Danmaliki Gaddafi I.
Published: October 2019

The increasing awareness of the environment has raised so much concerns in the way we live and the manner to which we dispose our waste. The rapid growth in polymer production has resulted in increasing concerns about the consumption of nonrenewable resources and the environmental impacts associated with its production and disposal. Polymer waste is one of the major components in municipal solid waste and is increasingly becoming a huge burden in industrialized nations. The rise in the use of plastic, coupled with increasing concerns about its disposal, has led to a renewed interest in its recycling and recovery. The technologies involved in the recovery and recycling of polymers are rapidly growing, however, there is no specific pattern of treating polymer waste. The technology depends on the type of material used in the production and consumption pattern. This chapter, therefore, discusses the patterns of polymer consumption, the environmental concerns, and different modes of recycling polymer waste.
A Mathematical Model for Demand Distribution in An Air Transport Network
Authors: Devoto R. , Fantola M. , Olivo A. , Rassu N.
Published: October 2019

This article describes the great distance that separates Sardinia from mainland Italy has made the island – the second largest island of the Mediterranean – a marginal and remote region. Its system of ferry links for people travelling to and from Sardinia has such long journey times (8-12 hours) that it is clearly in no way a valid alternative to air transport. It was mainly on the basis of these reasons and with a view to protecting and ensuring the mobility of Sardinian residents that Public Service Obligations (PSO) were imposed on some of the main air routes starting from 2002. Our study is set against this background. It aims to resolve one of the main critical factors that distinguish the PSO network: the shortage of flights on certain routes and the concomitant over-scheduling of others. More specifically, the insufficient scheduling of weekly flights to certain airports, such as Verona and Turin, forces a number of passengers to decide not to travel at all and another part to use connecting flights to Rome/Milan airports or to travel using more than one route, via air or ground transport, with inevitably higher transport costs. The problem was addressed by using a linear scheduling model applied to a network of nodes and arcs representing, respectively, the airports and their connecting routes, and the airport of Cagliari. The decision variables identified were the number of passengers travelling on all of the arcs and the impedance measures associated with the distance travelled by the arcs, represented by the generalized cost of transport. The objective is to determine a network structure which corresponds to the distribution of passengers on the various branches capable of minimizing the total cost. This cost was considered as a useful parameter for comparing the various network scenarios which were obtained by changing the passenger load coefficient and the number of flights. Our study demonstrates that a simple intervention, aimed at the internal reallocation of the flights on the various routes, is able to guarantee categories of users (here divided into business and non-business users) greater access to air transport services. The scenario that more than others is able to improve service efficiency, granting undeniable benefits for all users without having an impact on the costs of air carriers, particularly stands out because it: • Allows access to all network airports through direct flights; • Decongests the Rome and Milan routes
Loneliness, Disclosure, and Facebook Usage
Authors: Lee Fung Yin , Webb Lynne M.
Published: October 2019

The authors conducted an online survey of 241 emerging adults in Hong Kong, China to assess potential associations between loneliness, Facebook usage, and self-disclosure on Facebook. Loneliness was not associated with Facebook usage, but rather inversely related with negative disclosure; the lonelier the Facebook user, the less he/she disclosed negative information. The pattern of associations between Facebook usage and self-disclosure indicted that the more time users spent on Facebook, the more they revealed positive disclosures and the less they revealed negative disclosures. The authors argue that these findings may provide evidence of a “remain positive” norm among emerging adult Facebook users in Hong Kong. They note that their findings may be unique to their cultural context.
Investigation of Smartphone Use Addiction in Generation Y
Authors: Güvenç Salabğir Zeynep , Nasır Süphan
Published: October 2019

In recent years, rapidly developing of communication technology, increasing of internet and social networking applications usage have led to an increase in the level of smartphones dependence. Transformation of smartphone use from habit to addiction and spread of this addiction especially among young adults emphasize seriousness of the matter. In this context, the main purpose of this research is the investigation of smartphone use and addiction in Generation Y that are a part of the digital world. An online survey was conducted with 887 respondents who own a smartphone from Turkey. Five dimensions of smartphone addiction were extracted from the factor analysis, namely tolerance, accompany/fellowship, withdrawal, social network dependence, and health problems. In order to classify smartphone addiction groups, K-means cluster analysis was used on the extracted factors. Four groups named “nonaddicts,” “heavy addicts,” “realistic addicts,” and “emotional addicts” were determined.
Benefits and Risks Associated With Use of Social Media by People With Health Issues
Authors: Imai Tatsuya
Published: October 2019

Previous studies have found that individuals with various health issues use social media for various purposes. Social media help them obtain support from other users and manage identity. However, past research also pointed out risks and challenges associated with the use of social media by those with health issues. One of the risks is stigmatization they could experience when using social media. Even though previous studies revealed serious issues related to stigma in face-to-face settings, the negative effects of stigmatization on social media are left unexplored. To facilitate research on the issues, first, this chapter reviews past works focusing on the use of social media by those with various health issues. Next, previous studies on stigma associated with these illnesses and disabilities are reviewed. Finally, this chapter proposes future directions of research on the issues.
Sociotechnical and Pedagogical Barriers to Technology Integration
Authors: Wilson Nicholas
Published: October 2019

This chapter explore barriers to technology integration in school-based learning environments. Recent research suggests that such barriers play a significant role in reproducing digital education inequities, otherwise known as the “Educational Digital Divide” (Hohlfeld, Ritzhaupt, Barron, & Kemker, 2008). Indeed, barriers to integration significantly impact the frequency and purpose of technology use in the classroom, as well as students' opportunities to develop critical 21st century skills that can be utilized for the betterment of their personal and academic lives. From a sociocultural perspective, many of these barriers implicate elements of institutional structures, as well as teachers' attitudes and beliefs about technology and learning.
The Challenges of Using Zero-Rating (Free Basics) for Addressing the Affordability of ICT Access in Developing Countries
Authors: Walubengo John N. , Takavarasha Jr. Sam
Published: October 2019

As the body of evidence on the usefulness of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for poverty reduction and development continues to grow, mobile network operators (MNOs), development agencies, and regulators are employing various measures to increase universal access. These measures are motivated by corporate social responsibility, pro-poor ideologies, and regulatory requirements imposed by regulators. While regulators have employed price controls and infrastructure sharing, MNOs have employed free basics to provide internet access to those who could not afford it. The introduction of free basics seems plausible, but it is fraught with implementation challenges. This article discusses such challenges with a view to clarifying how the steps taken to foster affordability affect the conflicting interests of different stakeholders on the ICT data and voice eco-system.
A Comparison of the Digital Divide Across Three Countries with Different Development Indices
Authors: Chang Younghoon , Kim Hyerin , Wong Siew Fan , Park Myeong-Cheol
Published: October 2019

The digital divide between countries is a critical phenomenon that places developing countries in a disadvantaged position economically, politically, and socially. While the phenomenon has drawn the attention of many, a theoretical account using empirical test of primary data is lacking. Building on a three-level digital divide framework, this study tested the effect of country development index on three levels of the digital divide. Survey data from university students in Cambodia, Iran, and South Korea show that country development index has a significant effect on all three levels of the digital divide. While the countries differ on the hedonic values of IT use, there is no significant difference in the utilitarian values of IT use. Korea, being a developed country also differs significantly from Cambodia and Iran in the digital access divide, digital capability divide, and digital usage divide. The results have important implications for companies as well as government policy-making and intervention programs.
ICT for Development in Nigeria
Authors: Longe Olumide B. , Bolaji Adefolarin A. , Boateng Richard
Published: October 2019

Prior studies have x-rayed the potentials and impetus for development that can be resultant from a full scale adoption of ICT in Africa particularly in Nigeria. Current challenges relating to infrastructures, cybercrime, government policies and so on that mitigate the benefits accruable from a virile ICT growth have also been highlighted. However, research also needs to really address possible areas of developmental benefit of ICT to rural target groups such as farmers, extension officers, health and social workers This paper explores possible alignment of ICT4D2.0 goals to ICT development in Nigeria. It posited that the digital divide that ICTD1.0 sets to bridge are still very evident at grassroots level. Adding computing and Internet functionality to technologies that already penetrate the grassroots such as mobiles phones, radios and televisions will enhance ICT4D2.0 goals in Nigeria. This will in turn increase productivity among this target group with attendant contribution to national development.
Foreign Direct Investment as a Tool for Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Rossi James , Dupont Genevieve
Published: October 2019

It has been argued that “Absolute poverty can be alleviated if at least two conditions are met. First, economic growth must occur—or mean income must rise—on a sustained basis. Second, economic growth must be neutral with respect to income distribution or reduce income inequality.” By way of reference to current and previous literature on economic development, this chapter aims to investigate the relationship between poverty, economic growth, and income distribution, as a means of mitigating gaps in the literature on the topic, as well as contributing to the literature of Foreign Direct Investment as a tool for poverty alleviation.
The Social Impact of the Financial Crises in the Recent Past and Evidence Thereof
Authors: Karmakar Asim Kumar , Jana Sebak Kumar
Published: October 2019

Financial crises have significant short-term and long-term social costs. As a result, economic and social indicators have dwindled significantly since 2007. The soar in the unemployment rate has been most marked in so called advanced economies, reaching alarming levels in the tangential Europe with more than half of the young labour force unemployed in Greece and Spain. What is more, the crises, one global and another Euro zone financial crisis, have inexplicably hurt the poor. The progress in poverty alleviation has been not smooth across regions, and the pace has slowed since 2007 across the board. The crisis has also created challenges to the achievement of other development targets, including reduction of the occurrence of malnutrition and mortality rates, and civilizing gender equality in education and access to hygienic water and sanitation. This also suggests a significant loss or a reversal of the progress in development. In the above background, this paper presents evidence on the extent to which the global financial crisis and other crises since 2007 has been associated with deteriorating economic and social well-being indicators with a special focus on India. The results clearly indicate that poverty levels have been falling before the pre-crisis period but the post-crisis period witnessed a jump in the poverty rates across India.
Digital Entrepreneurial Charity and Solidarity for Social Change
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez José Manuel , Colvin-Díez Jorge
Published: October 2019

Microcredit has been studied from many perspectives. In this chapter, we analyze KIVA, the most important Person-to-Person microfinance organization from the perspective of social change, and we study how it has impacted on the nascent of a new wave of entrepreneurs known as digital entrepreneurial charity. Applied to KIVA, we analyze the impact of the digital space and its Internet-based Peer-to-Peer Lending to create social change in the poor, while alleviating the poverty thanks to solidarity and charity. This work concludes affirming that banking the poor and education, with the intensive use of Internet-based devices, is the best way to alleviate poverty in our digital and globalized economic world.
Financial Inclusion in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Rohit
Published: October 2019

The concept of Financial Inclusion is not a new one. It has become a catchphrase now and has attracted the global attention in the recent past. Lack of accessible, affordable and appropriate financial services has always been a global problem. It is estimated that about 2.9 billion people around the world do not have access to formal sources of banking and financial services. India is said to live in its villages, a convincing statement, considering that nearly 72% of our population lives there. However, a significant proportion of our 650,000 odd villages does not have a single bank branch to boast of, leaving swathes of the rural population in financial exclusion. RBI has reported that the financial exclusion in India leads to the loss of GDP to the extent of one per cent (RBI, Working Paper Series (DEPR): 8/2011). Financially excluded people, consistently, depend on money lenders even for their day to day needs, borrowing at excessive rates to finally get caught in a debt trap. In addition, people in far-off villages are completely unaware of financial products like insurance, which could protect them in adverse situation. Therefore, financial inclusion is a big necessity for our country as a large chunk of the world's poor resides here. Access to finance by the poor and vulnerable groups is a prerequisite for poverty reduction and social cohesion. Present paper is an attempt to highlight the present efforts of financial inclusion in India its future road map, its challenges etc.
Non-State SMEs in Vietnam
Authors: Uyen Nguyen Thi , Zainal Siti Rohaida Mohamed
Published: October 2019

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which are dominated by non-state SMEs play an important role in economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction in Vietnam. However, most of non-state SMEs in Vietnam are young and contain several limitations in performance. Therefore, finding solutions and strategic orientations to enhance SMEs performance becomes the major concern of the policy makers and business practitioners. To generate the implications pertinent to firms for sustaining high organizational performance in long run, understanding the strategic situation of the firms is a vital step. Thus, based on strategic theory of SWOT and strategy formulation, this chapter aims to: (1) Explore the characteristics of dynamic macro environment for development of non-state SMEs in Vietnam; (2) identify the key firm's features; (3) examine firm performance to identify achievements and constraints; (4) suggest strategic implications for enhancement of SMEs performance toward long-run development of non-state SMEs in Vietnam.
Green Growth Intervention on Employment Generation in India
Authors: Goswami Anandajit , Chaudhury Saswata
Published: October 2019

This article highlights the possible impacts of green growth strategies and interventions on skilled and unskilled employment generation in India. Additionally, it indicates how income generation from selected green growth-related potential interventions can have a ripple effect on selected development indicators, like literacy rates, infant mortality rates, poverty. Job creation might translate to an economic gain for households of different income class across rural and urban India both in the short and long-term. This economic gain can thereafter reduce the level of inter-household and intra-household inter-temporal inequality levels with complementary and effective wealth distribution policies. In the long run, this reduction in the inequality level can create a positive impact on the social sustainability.
Expanding Notions of Access
Authors: Ehlinger Emily
Published: October 2019

This chapter focuses on disability access in higher education and the role that Universal Design has played in improving meaningful participation and inclusion of students with disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of several frameworks of Universal Design that are specific to the context of instruction and learning, as well as the scholarship and theory related to implementation of these frameworks in postsecondary classroom environments. Scholarship on how current Universal Design frameworks might be expanded to address a broader set of access and equity issues, as well as the limitation of the current research about its application and effectiveness are also discussed. The chapter closes with a synthesis of opportunities and future directions for research, scholarship, and practice related to the development and implementation of Universal Design frameworks in higher education.
Coping Strategies of Primary School Students With Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Bagnato Karin
Published: October 2019

This article focuses on proving whether there are differences among children with or without learning disabilities when choosing coping strategies that may be functional to solve problematic situations. The participants were 32 children with learning disabilities and 32 children without learning disabilities aged between 8 and 11. Results show that children with learning disabilities have less often coping behaviour rather than their peers with typical development. This demonstrates the need to opt for educational actions as soon as possible fostering suitable strategies in order to face problematic situations.
School Bullying and Students with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: October 2019

School bullying research began in the 1970s through seminal research conducted on these experiences among Norwegian boys. From this initial research, multiple studies have been conducted over the past forty years, revealing the nature, extent, causes, and consequences of school bullying. More recent investigations have also focused on cyberbullying, bullying using information and communication technologies (e.g., cell phones). Little attention has been given to school bullying involvement among students with disabilities, particularly those with intellectual disabilities. These studies suggest that these students experience internalizing (e.g., depression, anxiety, loneliness) and externalizing (e.g., aggression, antisocial behaviors) difficulties associated with their involvement in school bullying. The aim of this chapter is to review multidisciplinary research concerning school bullying among students with intellectual disabilities and to make recommendations for public policy and prevention programs as well as future research.
Handmade Content and School Activities for Autistic Children with Expressive Language Disabilities
Authors: Ikuta Shigeru , Ishitobi Ryoichi , Nemoto Fumio , Urushihata Chiho , Yamaguchi Kyoko , Nakui Haruka
Published: October 2019

Original teaching materials with dot codes, which can be linked to multimedia such as audio, movies, Web pages, html files, and PowerPoint files were created for use with autistic children with intellectual and expressive language disabilities. A maximum of four audio recordings can be linked to one dot code icon. One of the authors (S. I.) also created “Post-it” icons, on which dot codes were printed, and shared these with teachers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). As part of this project, many activities using dot code materials were successfully conducted at special needs and general schools. Basic information on the creation of these materials and their use in schools are presented in this paper.
Addressing Accessibility of MOOCs for Blind Users
Authors: Robles Teresita de Jesús Álvarez , González Alfredo Mendoza , Gaona Alma Rosa García , Rodríguez Francisco Alvarez
Published: October 2019

The concept of universal access to information society stands for the guaranteed access for all people in the world to internet services, online learning including. Blind users have been benefited by accessible tools such as screen readers, auditory interfaces, etc., nevertheless this kind of external software would not be required if the blind user's requirements were taking into account since the design process. This chapter presents a set of guidelines for designing hearing messages that help blind students to navigate in a MOOC's interface.
Preparing Urban Educators to Address Diversity and Equity through Field-Based Teacher Education
Authors: Kennedy Adam S. , Heineke Amy J.
Published: October 2019

This chapter presents a case for field-based teacher preparation through mutually beneficial community partnerships in diverse urban contexts. Such models are a response to calls for change in teacher education, as well as to current policies and research on the central role of field experiences. Extant research is shared on partnerships as a key context for developing programs with depth, effectiveness, and sustainability. Next, information is presented about the development and implementation of one field-based teacher education program designed around mutually beneficial partnerships to prepare effective urban educators. Key themes and practices are demonstrated through data-based vignettes of collaborative field experiences with urban educators. These cases involve unique preparation experiences, stakeholders, and roles, but also serve as illustrations of the ways in which partnerships aimed at achieving mutual benefit must undergo continuous evaluation and redesign. Recommendations for iterative design and implementation of field-based models are offered.
Impact of Nature-Inspired Algorithms on Localization Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Gupta Govind P. , Mittal Sangeeta
Published: October 2019

In wireless sensor networks, localization is one of the essential requirements. Most applications are of no use, if location information is not available. Based on cost, localization algorithms can be divided into two categories, namely range-based and range-free. Range-free are cost-effective, but they lack accuracy. In this chapter, the role of nature-inspired algorithms in enhancing the accuracy of range-free algorithms has been investigated. Inferences drawn from exhaustive literature survey of recent research in this area establishes the importance of these algorithms in sensor localization.
Two-Sided Assembly Line Balancing Optimization With Spider Monkey Optimization
Authors: Yadav Ashish , Agrawal Sunil
Published: October 2019

Growing interests from customers in customized products and increasing competition among peers necessitate companies to configure and balance their manufacturing systems more effectively than ever before. Two-sided assembly lines are usually constructed to produce large-sized high-volume products such as buses, trucks, automobiles, and some domestic products. Since the problem is well known as NP-hard problem, a mathematical model is solved by an exact solution-based approach and spider monkey optimization (SMO) algorithm that is inspired by the intelligent foraging behavior of fission-fusion social structure-based animals. In this chapter, the proposed mathematical model is applied to solve benchmark problems of two-sided assembly line balancing problem to minimize the number of mated stations and idle time. The experimental results show that spider monkey optimizations provide better results.
Leverage and Family Firms
Authors: Camisón-Haba Sergio , Clemente José Antonio , Forés Beatriz , Grueso-Gala Melanie
Published: October 2019

This chapter analyses the relationship between ownership structure and leverage, providing an integrated theoretical approach that combines traditional financial theories, agency theory, and recently developed theories relating to non-financial preferences. The results show that, after controlling for endogeneity, being a family firm has a positive effect on the propensity to incur debt. These findings add to the existing body of literature and underline the need for a multi-theoretical approach when explaining the capital structure of family firms. The authors apply panel data methodology to control for individual heterogeneity of family firms. The chapter uses a sample of Spanish firms operating in the tourism industry.
Ownership and Operating Performance of Spanish Family IPO Firms
Authors: Martínez Lobato Fuencisla , García Martín C. José , Farinós Viñas José Emilio
Published: October 2019

Previous studies have shown the existence of a relationship between the ownership structure of a company and its operational performance. In this context, the empirical evidence reveals that after an initial public offering (IPO), companies experience a decline in their operational performance. In this research, the authors investigate whether the characteristics of Spanish family firms led to a different operating behavior with respect to non-family companies when they go public through an IPO. The results show that the particularities of the family firm do not turn into significant differences in operational performance after the listing process.
Understanding Family Firm Profitability Heterogeneity
Authors: Martínez-Romero María J. , Martínez-Alonso Rubén , Rojo-Ramírez Alfonso A. , Diéguez-Soto Julio
Published: October 2019

Understanding family firm heterogeneity has become a topic of critical importance among academics and practitioners in the family business research field. This chapter aims to provide new insights into this theme by examining the differences in profitability within the pool of family firms. Furthermore, this chapter introduces an exceptional strategic element, namely innovative effort, to analyse when and to what extent the deployed innovative effort influences the family involvement in management-firm profitability relationship. Using a panel dataset on 3,164 observations of Spanish private manufacturing firms over the 2000–2015 period, the findings reveal significant differences in the profitability of family firms depending on the degree of family involvement in the firm's management. The findings also show that innovative effort reinforces the positive effect that family involvement in management exerts on firm profitability.
Classification of Territory on Forest Fire Danger Level Using GIS and Remote Sensing
Authors: Yankovich Elena Petrovna , Yankovich Ksenia S.
Published: October 2019

The vegetation cover is the most important factor in forest fires, because it reflects the presence of forest fuels. The study of the variability of the vegetation cover, as well as observation of its condition, allows estimating the level of fire danger of the forest quarter. The work presents a geo-information system containing a set of tools to determine the level of fire danger of the forest quarter. The system is able to predict (determine the probability) and classify forest quarters according to the level of fire danger. The assessment of forest fire danger of Tomsk forestry of Tomsk region has been carried out. Fire probability maps of forest quarters were created based on remote sensing data and ArcGIS software.