bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Risk of a Cybersecurity Breach in a Commercial Bank (by the Example of an Attacks “Brute Force” and “Black Box” on ATMS)
Authors:   Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Revenkov Pavel , Berdyugin Alexander ,   Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Makeev Pavel ,   Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Abstract. During the XX–XXI century there was a development of technologies, which resulted in the creation of a global financial system that allows you to quickly make money transactions in opposite points of the Earth. The progress of digital transformation of society and, in particular, financial and economic systems leads to the complication of the problems of information security of competing entities. By focusing on scientific research, we can achieve success in these areas. The purpose of the study: to increase the level of security of banking services for individuals and legal entities in accordance with the recommendations of information security standards by analyzing the risk of information security violations in electronic banking technologies (on the example of the “Brute force” and “Black box” attacks). Research methods: empirical methods of scientific knowledge (observation, measurement, experiment), theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, formalization), graphical interpretation of information, probability theory methods and computer programming. The result of the study: standards for effective management of information security management at the enterprise are considered. The advantage of social engineering methods over the “Brute force” method of PIN codes is shown quantitatively. The time characteristics of its commission and protective measures against attacks of the “Black box” type are analyzed. A method for improving the effectiveness of the response and protection of ATMS from attacks of the “Black box” type is proposed.
Development of a Methodology and Mathematical Model for Quality Assurance of an Integrated Security System for a Credit and Financial Facility
Authors:   Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Kozminykh Sergey
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the work: is to develop a methodology and a mathematical model for ensuring the quality of an integrated security system for a credit and financial facility. The authors used the modern: theory of quality control to determine the quality of the integrated security system of credit-financial sphere, the formalization of analysis and quality control an integrated security system, Markov processes in quality management of the integrated security system of credit-financial sphere as well. The methods of causal analysis are applied in the quality management of the integrated security system of the credit and financial sector object. It is concluded that among the methods of evaluating information measures of causal influence, the method of IH-analysis is preferable. Result: the definition of the quality category of the integrated security system of the credit and financial sector object is given. It is noted that one of the significant problems at present is the problem of developing high-quality projects of standard integrated security systems. It is shown that it is necessary to distinguish between: the quality indicators of the integrated security system itself, that is, the quality indicators of a certain system; the quality indicators of the system functioning process, which are functionally dependent on the quality indicators of the system and its operating conditions; indicators of the quality of the result of the system functioning. The formalization of the analysis and quality management of the integrated security system of the credit and financial sector object is carried out. The hidden and causal mechanisms of quality management of the integrated security system of the credit and financial sphere object are revealed. The main aspects of the application of causal analysis methods in the quality management of the integrated security system of the credit and financial sector object are considered. It is concluded that among the methods of evaluating information measures of causal influence, the method of IH-analysis is preferable. It is noted that the combination of factor and causal analysis methods provides an additional effect. In conclusion observed that the developed methodical approach and a mathematical model to ensure the quality of the integrated security system of credit-financial sphere allow you to create the best integrated security system, which at the lowest cost for their development and implementation provide the highest possible protection of objects of credit-financial sphere.
Tasks of Technical Regulation of Intelligent Information Security Systems
Authors:   Higher School of Economics, Garbuk Sergey
Published: May 2021

Research aim. Improving the efficiency of solving information security tasks by eliminating standard technical barriers that prevent the application of artificial intelligence technologies in advanced information security systems. Research method. The article applies the method of functional decomposition of intelligent tasks of information security, based on the analogy of artificial and natural intelligence. With respect to the proposed functional structure, the intelligent information security system is decomposed according to the processes of its life cycle with the specific tasks of technical regulation identification, that is specific to each of the processes, and the subsequent aggregation of tasks into groups corresponding to the main areas of standardization of such systems is performed. Results obtained. The research presents a structured list of information security tasks, the solution quality of which can be improved with the use of artificial intelligence technologies. It is shown that the main standard technical barriers to the effective creation and application of intelligent information security systems are associated with the shortcomings of metrological support for intelligent systems, also with the peculiarities of ensuring the confidentiality of information processed in such systems. The analysis of the current state of work on the preparation of national and international standards governing the creation and application of intelligent information security systems is carried out, and it is indicated that the work in this direction is of an initial, staged nature. The list of specific standardization tasks aimed at overcoming the identified standard technical barriers in the implementation of individual processes of the intelligent systems life cycle is justified. Specific tasks are grouped by the main standardization areas, for each of which the proposals for the adjustment of existing and the development of new standard technical documents in the field of artificial intelligence and information security are prepared.
Anesthesie voor de correctie van een persisterende ductus arteriosus via chirurgie of transarteriële occlusie bij de hond
Authors: Gozalo-Marcilla M. , Seymour C. J. , Schauvliege S. , Bosmans T. , Gasthuys F.
Published: May 2021

Persisterende ductus arteriosus (PDA) is een van de meest voorkomende congenitale hartafwijkingen bij de hond. Chirurgische ligatie (SL) en transarteriële occlusie (TO) zijn in de diergeneeskunde twee mogelijke behandelingen en vereisen algemene anesthesie. Bij twee honden van vier maanden oud werd onder algemene anesthesie een PDA behandeld, één via SL en de ander via TO. Twee verschillende anesthesie- en analgesieprotocols, gekozen om potentiële complicaties te voorkomen, werden gebruikt. Deze casereport beschrijft twee mogelijke benaderingen voor de anesthesie van honden voor correctieve PDA-chirurgie (SL en TO).
Het verband tussen het geboortegewicht en de groeiparameters van jongvee en de vruchtbaarheid en melkproductie op latere leeftijd: een retrospectieve longitudinale studie
Authors: Wuyts J. L. J. , Pascottini O. B. , Leroy J. L. M. R.
Published: May 2021

Melkproductie en vruchtbaarheidsresultaten van volwassen melkkoeien worden mede bepaald door de omgeving tijdens de foetale en vroeg-postnatale ontwikkeling. Vooral de nutritionele omstandigheden tijdens deze periode kunnen door epigenetische regulaties leiden tot ‘metabole programmering’. Het doel van deze studie was om op één enkel melkveebedrijf tussen 2012 en 2020 199 vrouwelijke holstein-friesian kalveren op te volgen en hun geboortegewicht en groei in verschillende ontwikkelingsperioden te relateren aan de vruchtbaarheid als nullipare vaarzen en de melkproductie en vruchtbaarheid als primipare koeien. Er werd aangetoond dat kalveren met een hoger geboortegewicht een hoger lichaamsgewicht blijven aanhouden tot het moment van de eerste partus. Voor iedere kilogram die een vaars zwaarder woog op het moment van de eerste partus, produceerde ze 6,1 liter melk extra tijdens de eerste 305 dagen in lactatie. Ook het moment van de eerste inseminatie bij de primipare koeien kon significant gecorreleerd worden met meerdere groeiparameters. De resultaten van deze retrospectieve longitudinale studie bevestigen de relatie tussen de prestaties van melkkoeien op latere leeftijd en verschillende groeiparameters in de vroege ontwikkeling van kalveren.
Variación biológica en las aráceas trepadoras
Authors: Bautista-Bello Alma Patricia , Krömer Thorsten , Acebey Amparo R. , Weichgrebe Leticia , Zotz Gerhard
Published: May 2021

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las especies de Araceae son conocidas por sus distintas formas de vida; sin embargo, la terminología relacionada con este grupo genera confusiones conceptuales dentro de la comunidad científica. Nuestro objetivo fue demostrar la confusión conceptual actual derivada de la literatura y ejemplares de herbario vs. observaciones y datos de campo.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de fuentes de información relevantes sobre las formas de vida de aráceas, incluyendo floras y tratamientos taxonómicos, así como de ejemplares de herbario. Adicionalmente, se llevó a cabo un censo de seis especies de aráceas en la Estación de Biología Tropical “Los Tuxtlas”, Veracruz, México. Para cada individuo se buscaron las conexiones de sus raíces adventicias y tallos con el suelo, además se tomaron medidas de su longitud total y hojas para crear tres clases ontogénicas.
Resultados clave: Se presentan las descripciones de formas de vida de 30 especies de Araceae trepadoras de Veracruz publicadas en nueve publicaciones, mostrando una marcada inconsistencia en el uso de la terminología. El análisis de los datos documentados en los ejemplares de herbario reveló para 17 especies, que todas fueron asignadas con al menos tres de ocho diferentes categorías de hábito, principalmente como epífita, hemiepífita y trepadora. De las seis especies censadas en campo, la mayoría de los individuos tiene conexión con el suelo.
Conclusiones: Las asignaciones de formas de vida basadas en observaciones de campo sin tener datos cuantitativos sobre el contacto de las plantas con el suelo son problemáticas. Más bien, es necesario analizar y aclarar la ontogenia de las aráceas trepadoras, lo que puede contribuir a estructurar adecuadamente nuestros conceptos y evitar ambigüedades en la terminología. Asimismo, también se debería evitar que se agrupen a las especies de Araceae indistintamente en estudios sobre epífitas, lo cual lleva a sobreestimar la riqueza reportada.
Структурные свойства тонких пленок кристаллического топологического изолятора Pb-=SUB=-0.7-=/SUB=-Sn-=SUB=-0.3-=/SUB=-Te на Si(111)
Authors: Кавеев А.К. , Бондаренко Д.Н. , Терещенко О.Е.
Published: May 2021

In this work, the selection and optimization of technological growth parameters of thin Pb0.7Sn0.3Te layers up to 300 nm thick, grown on the Si(111) surface at temperatures of
230−400◦C by the method of molecular beam epitaxy was carried
out. The surface morphology of the films was studied, and the
epitaxial relations were determined. It was shown that, depending
on the growth temperature, the surface morphology ranges from
relatively narrow terraces to smooth micrometer-sized islands with
monoatomic steps on their surface.
Learning From the Experiences of COVID-19 Survivors: Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Prioleau Temiloluwa
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

There are still many unanswered questions about the novel coronavirus; however, a largely underutilized source of knowledge is the millions of people who have recovered after contracting the virus. This includes a majority of undocumented cases of COVID-19, which were classified as mild or moderate and received little to no clinical care during the course of illness.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to document and glean insights from the experiences of individuals with a first-hand experience in dealing with COVID-19, especially the so-called mild-to-moderate cases that self-resolved while in isolation.

METHODS

This web-based survey study called C19 Insider Scoop recruited adult participants aged 18 years or older who reside in the United States and had tested positive for COVID-19 or antibodies. Participants were recruited through various methods, including online support groups for COVID-19 survivors, advertisement in local news outlets, as well as through professional and other networks. The main outcomes measured in this study included knowledge of contraction or transmission of the virus, symptoms, and personal experiences on the road to recovery.

RESULTS

A total of 72 participants (female, n=53; male, n=19; age range: 18-73 years; mean age: 41 [SD 14] years) from 22 US states were enrolled in this study. The top known source of how people contracted SARS-CoV-2, the virus known to cause COVID-19, was through a family or household member (26/72, 35%). This was followed by essential workers contracting the virus through the workplace (13/72, 18%). Participants reported up to 27 less-documented symptoms that they experienced during their illness, such as brain or memory fog, palpitations, ear pain or discomfort, and neurological problems. In addition, 47 of 72 (65%) participants reported that their symptoms lasted longer than the commonly cited 2-week period even for mild cases of COVID-19. The mean recovery time of the study participants was 4.5 weeks, and exactly one-half of participants (50%) still experienced lingering symptoms of COVID-19 after an average of 65 days following illness onset. Additionally, 37 (51%) participants reported that they experienced stigma associated with contracting COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS

This study presents preliminary findings suggesting that emphasis on family or household spread of COVID-19 may be lacking and that there is a general underestimation of the recovery time even for mild cases of illness with the virus. Although a larger study is needed to validate these results, it is important to note that as more people experience COVID-19, insights from COVID-19 survivors can enable a more informed public, pave the way for others who may be affected by the virus, and guide further research.
Adapting a Person’s Home in 3D Using a Mobile App (MapIt): Participatory Design Framework Investigating the App’s Acceptability (Preprint)
Authors: Guay Manon , Labbé Mathieu , Séguin-Tremblay Noémie , Auger Claudine , Goyer Geneviève , Veloza Emily , Chevalier Natalie , Polgar Jan , Michaud François
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Home adaptation processes enhancing occupational engagement rely on identifying environmental barriers, generally during time-consuming home visits performed by occupational therapists (OTs). Relevance of a 3D model to the OT’s work has been attested, but a convenient and consumer-available technology to map the home environment in 3D is currently lacking. For instance, such a technology would support the exploration of home adaptations for a person with disability, with or without an OT visit.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to document the development and acceptability of a 3D mapping eHealth technology, optimizing its contribution to the OT’s work when conducting assessments in which home representations are essential to fit a person’s needs.

METHODS

A user-centered perspective, embedded in a participatory design framework where users are considered as research partners (not as just study participants), is reported. OTs, engineers, clinicians, researchers, and students, as well as the relatives of older adults contributed by providing ongoing feedback (eg, demonstrations, brainstorming, usability testing, questionnaires, prototyping). System acceptability, as per the Nielsen model, is documented by deductively integrating the data.

RESULTS

A total of 24 stakeholders contributed significantly to MapIt technology’s co-design over a span of 4 years. Fueled by the objective to enhance MapIt’s acceptability, 11 iterations lead to a mobile app to scan a room and produce its 3D model in less than 5 minutes. The app is available for smartphones and paired with computer software. Scanning, visualization, and automatic measurements are done on a smartphone equipped with a motion sensor and a camera with depth perception, and the computer software facilitates visualization, while allowing custom measurement of architectural elements directly on the 3D model. Stakeholders’ perception was favorable regarding MapIt’s acceptability, testifying to its usefulness (ie, usability and utility). Residual usability issues as well as concerns about accessibility and scan rendering still need to be addressed to foster its integration to a clinical context.

CONCLUSIONS

MapIt allows to scan a room quickly and simply, providing a 3D model from images taken in real-world settings and to remotely but jointly explore home adaptations to enhance a person’s occupational engagement.
Automated Generation of Personalized Shock Wave Lithotripsy Protocols: Treatment Planning Using Deep Learning (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Zeng Daniel D , Seltzer Ryan G N , Hamilton Blake D
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Though shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has developed to be one of the most common treatment approaches for nephrolithiasis in recent decades, its treatment planning is often a trial-and-error process based on physicians’ subjective judgement. Physicians’ inexperience with this modality can lead to low-quality treatment and unnecessary risks to patients.

OBJECTIVE

To improve the quality and consistency of shock wave lithotripsy treatment, we aimed to develop a deep learning model for generating the next treatment step by previous steps and preoperative patient characteristics and to produce personalized SWL treatment plans in a step-by-step protocol based on the deep learning model.

METHODS

We developed a deep learning model to generate the optimal power level, shock rate, and number of shocks in the next step, given previous treatment steps encoded by long short-term memory neural networks and preoperative patient characteristics. We constructed a next-step data set (N=8583) from top practices of renal SWL treatments recorded in the International Stone Registry. Then, we trained the deep learning model and baseline models (linear regression, logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine) with 90% of the samples and validated them with the remaining samples.

RESULTS

The deep learning models for generating the next treatment steps outperformed the baseline models (accuracy = 98.8%, F1 = 98.0% for power levels; accuracy = 98.1%, F1 = 96.0% for shock rates; root mean squared error = 207, mean absolute error = 121 for numbers of shocks). The hypothesis testing showed no significant difference between steps generated by our model and the top practices (P=.480 for power levels; P=.782 for shock rates; P=.727 for numbers of shocks).

CONCLUSIONS

The high performance of our deep learning approach shows its treatment planning capability on par with top physicians. To the best of our knowledge, our framework is the first effort to implement automated planning of SWL treatment via deep learning. It is a promising technique in assisting treatment planning and physician training at low cost.
On-site Dining in Tokyo During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Time Series Analysis Using Mobile Phone Location Data (Preprint)
Authors: Nakanishi Miharu , Shibasaki Ryosuke , Yamasaki Syudo , Miyazawa Satoshi , Usami Satoshi , Nishiura Hiroshi , Nishida Atsushi
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

During the second wave of COVID-19 in August 2020, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government implemented public health and social measures to reduce on-site dining. Assessing the associations between human behavior, infection, and social measures is essential to understand achievable reductions in cases and identify the factors driving changes in social dynamics.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nighttime population volumes, the COVID-19 epidemic, and the implementation of public health and social measures in Tokyo.

METHODS

We used mobile phone location data to estimate populations between 10 PM and midnight in seven Tokyo metropolitan areas. Mobile phone trajectories were used to distinguish and extract on-site dining from stay-at-work and stay-at-home behaviors. Numbers of new cases and symptom onsets were obtained. Weekly mobility and infection data from March 1 to November 14, 2020, were analyzed using a vector autoregression model.

RESULTS

An increase in the number of symptom onsets was observed 1 week after the nighttime population volume increased (coefficient=0.60, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.92). The effective reproduction number significantly increased 3 weeks after the nighttime population volume increased (coefficient=1.30, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.89). The nighttime population volume increased significantly following reports of decreasing numbers of confirmed cases (coefficient=–0.44, 95% CI –0.73 to –0.15). Implementation of social measures to restaurants and bars was not significantly associated with nighttime population volume (coefficient=0.004, 95% CI –0.07 to 0.08).

CONCLUSIONS

The nighttime population started to increase after decreasing incidence of COVID-19 was announced. Considering time lags between infection and behavior changes, social measures should be planned in advance of the surge of an epidemic, sufficiently informed by mobility data.
Development and Evaluation of a Theory-Based App for Managing Gestational Weight Gain for Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Ching-Fang , Chi Li-Kang , Hsiung Yvonne , Huang Jian-Pei , Chang Chun-Wei
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Overweight and obese women’s excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) may be a health risk for both the mother and the fetus; excessive GWG leads to the retention of weight postpartum and thus obesity. Given the overwhelming number of existing pregnancy-related applications (apps), we lack only a few methodological guidelines for integrating theory, evidence and previously validated apps to help overweight and obese women manage their GWG during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE

This two-phase study aimed to develop the MyHealthyWeight (MHW) app based on social-cognitive theory (SCT) and evaluate its effectiveness for overweight and obese women in helping prevent excessive GWG by enhancing adherence to optimal GWG goals and healthy behavior during pregnancy.

METHODS

First, we constructed and developed the MHW app based on SCT theory, and we later employed a mixed-method study to evaluate the effects of the app on overweight and obese pregnant women.

RESULTS

All participating overweight and obese pregnant women (100%) achieved their optimal GWG through increased self-efficacy and physical activity. Their total and moderate-intensity physical activity expenditures improved, while their sedentary and light-intensity levels of physical activity decreased.

CONCLUSIONS

This theory-based MHW app for weight management was greatly valued by the pregnant users. Its usefulness for health-care professionals in assisting overweight and obese pregnant women in preventing excessive GWG by promoting healthy behavior, in particular through physical exercise and a healthy diet, during pregnancy was also confirmed.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT04553718
SUSTAINABILITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Stanković Jelena Z. , Petrović Evica , Stanković Jovica
Published: May 2021

The problem of sustainable development has become an imperative of globalization, which resolutely sets the request for companies to operate socially responsibly, i.e., to create value in a manner that is sustainable in the future by achieving economic, environmental and social goals. The wave of change, conditioned by digital transformation, is considered an opportunity, but also a challenge for the realization of the concept of sustainable development. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to consider the risks of sustainable business emerging from the implementation of ICT in the business process, with focus on the companies in the Republic of Serbia.
Jornaleros bolivianos en el Cantón Central (1879-1946). El caso de la Oficina Salitrera María
Authors: Galaz-Mandakovic Fernández Damir , Garcés Alejandro
Published: May 2021

From the analysis of the Bolivian records of the Historical Archive of the Catholic University of the North, we characterize the Bolivian presence during the decline of the nitrate expansion cycle in the Central Canton. Based on data related to the places of origin, labor insertion and sociability at the destination, the article gives an account of the magnitude of the phenomenon and the centrality that this day laborer occupied in the deployment of mining operations. In this way, it can be observed how mining capitalism produces a subaltern workforce in a territory where it resists losing its bolivianity.
Contrataciones Públicas Centralizadas. El tránsito de instrumentos de eficacia y eficiencia a instrumentos anti-corrupción.
Authors: Hernández Velázquez Ana Cristina
Published: May 2021

Bajo el enfoque analítico de los instrumentos de política pública, se observa como a partir de los distintos objetivos que atribuyen a los instrumentos de contratación centralizada en México –de eficacia, eficiencia y combate a la corrupción– ha cambiado la política en la materia en los últimos 14 años, para transitar de un modelo de contratación voluntario a uno obligatorio, con resultados distintos a los originalmente esperados.
Reseña. Políticas Públicas. Enfoque estratégico para América Latina, de José Luis Méndez Martínez
Authors: Vargas Hernández Brayant Armando
Published: May 2021

Reseña del texto Políticas Públicas.  Enfoque estratégico para América Latina, de José Luis Méndez Martínez,  editado por el Fondo de Cultura Económica y El Colegio de México
Construcción de ciudadanía en los Consejos de Participación Social (COPACI) en el municipio de Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, 2020.
Authors: González Ibarra Miguel Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar el proceso de estructuración de la agenda política y la construcción de ciudadanía en los denominados Consejos de Participación Ciudadana (COPACI) en el municipio de Ecatepec de Morelos en 2020. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con base en una revisión teórica y documental, así como en el análisis de los datos obtenidos de un estudio de opinión y entrevistas en localidades y grupos específicos en el municipio. El trabajo destaca que los COPACI son espacios importantes para la interacción comunitaria y existe un cierto avance en la organización social para la incidencia en los asuntos públicos, pero su desempeño para generar construcción de ciudadanía y con valores democráticos se estima limitado debido al control político y gubernamental que existe en los procesos de definición de las políticas públicas locales.
Measurement of the sulfuric acid weight percent in the stratospheric aerosol from the El Chichón eruption
Authors: Hofmann D.J. , Rosen J. M.
Published: May 2021

Durante un descenso lento de balón desde los 30 km de altitud sobre el sureste de Texas en octubre de 1982, el tubo de entrada a un contador de partículas capaz de medir las concentraciones de aerosol de r ≥0.15 μm y r ≥0.25 μm fue calentado a 150°c, permitiendo su enfriamiento periódico para determinar la volatilidad del aerosol. Al hacerse la medición, el aerosol inyectado por El Chichón se caracterizaba por dos capas principales centradas a alrededor de 17 y 24 km. La capa superior contenía partículas más grandes (radio modal principal de ~o.3 μm, comparado con ~0.1 μm en la capa inferior). Al calentarlo, el aerosol indicaba una concentración de ~ 1 % de los valores ambientales, sugiriendo que la mayoría de las partículas eran muy volátiles o tenían cubierta muy volátil con núcleos posiblemente no volátiles, de radios < O .15 μm. La distribución vertical del componente restante no volátil podía ser resuelta. Observando la temperatura a la cual podía suprimirse la mayor parte del aerosol (punto de vaporización) a varias altitudes {presiones), se construyó una curva de presión de vapor. Los resultados indican que el material volátil en la capa superior consistía en ~80% H2S04 ° 20% H20 (por peso) mientras que la capa inferior consistía en un 60 - 65% de aerosol ácido. Esta diferencia es distribuida principalmente a las temperaturas más altas en la capa superior. Los porcentajes de ácido sulfúrico medidos en peso concuerdan bien con los valores teóricos según fueron calculados para las temperaturas observadas y las concentraciones típicas del vapor de agua.
Stratospheric impact of El Chichón
Authors: Mroz E. J. , Mason A. S. , Leifer R. , Juzdan Z. R.
Published: May 2021

Se colectaron aerosoles y gases estratosféricos mediante aviones de elevada altitud y balones para determinar el efecto de El Chichón sobre la estraiosfera. El Chichón inyectó compuestos sulfurosos que resultaron en la producción de alrededor de 7 .6 ± 2.3 gT de sulfatos en la estratosfera global. El hecho de que el muestreo por balón se hizo a una latitud única arroja considerable incertidumbre. No se encontraron cantidades importantes de sulfuro de carbonilo en la porción de la pluma estratosférica del volcán en las altitudes accesibles al aeroplano. Esta erupción tuvo sobre la estratosfera un impacto mayor que cualquier otra erupción volcánica desde 1971.
Influence of the El Chichon eruption on the stratosphere after summer 1982
Authors: Quiroz R.S.
Published: May 2021

En Quiroz (1983) se atribuyó un calentamiento de 1 - 3° a 30 mb, entre los 3SºN y el ecuador, a la erupción de El Chichón para el verano de 1982. Dos interrogantes se consideran aquí, una posible influencia' de este calentamiento sobre la oscilación estratosférica cuasibianual (QBO) y la extensión del calentamiento después del verano de 1982 a SO - 10 mb. La distribución meridional del calentamiento deducido para el verano de 1982 no sugiere una influencia importante en el viento sobre el QBO. La aparición de un periodo de contracción en 1982-83 es congruente con tales contracciones después de la máxima solar.previa desde 1951 y no refleja necesariamente una influencia debida a la erupción. Se dan algunas indicaciones de calentamiento máximoa 30 mb para el otoño de 1982. Es diñcil determinar el cambio en la temperatura relacionado con el volcán, a SO y 10 mb, después del verano y el otoño de 1982, debido a la presencia de fuertes influencias no volcánicas.
Sediment depth in the northern Colima Graben from 3-d interpretation of gravity
Authors: Allan J. F.
Published: May 2021

El graben de Colima, con un rumbo N-S, es uno de tres sistemas grandes de graben, los cuales se intersectan a 50 km SSO de GuadalaJara, México. Los resultados de una investigación gravimétrica en la parte norte del Graben de Colima indican una anomalía de Bouguer de 20 mgal, asociada con los sedimentos que rellenan el graben. Dicha anomalía se obtiene con respecto a las medidas de gravedad en las planicies en ambos lados del graben. Los modelos usando tres dimensiones y dos cuerpos indican que la profundidad de los sedimentos es tanto como 900 m. Se obtiene una estimación de 2.5 km de cambio aparente de posición vertical dentro de la parte norte del Graben de Colima, cuando se combina la profundidad de los sedimentos con el relieve topográfico.
Contemporaneous eruptions of calc-alkaline and alkaline magmas along the volcanic front of the Mexican Volcanic Belt
Authors: Luhr J. F. , Carmichael I. S. E.
Published: May 2021

De acuerdo con los modelos generales para los arcos volcánicos relacionados con la subducción, las composiciones del magma se hacen progresivamente más ricas en K20 y los elementos incompatibles, a medida que aumentan la distancia desde la trinchera y el frente volcánico, y la profundidad de la zona de Benioff. Los magmas típicos de los arcos son característicamente normativos de hiperesteno y cuarzo. Los basaltos alcalinos normativos de nefelino se supone que son expulsados, si acaso, sólo a grandes distancias de la trinchera. Sin embargo, a lo largo del frente del Eje Volcánico Mexicano han hecho erupción magmas básicos alcálicos hídricos, normativos de nefelino en dos diferentes sitios durante el Período Cuaternario Tardío: en el graben del sur de Colima y en el campo volcánico del sur de Michoacán y Guanajuato. En ambos lugares hicieron erupción contemporáneamente magmas calcalcalinos normativos de hiperesteno y cuarzo, característicos de los frentes volcánicos. Estas secuencias contrastantes de magmas no pueden ser correlacionadas mediante un mecanismo simple; parecen registrar distintos episodios de fusión dentro del manto superior.
Volcanic activity and climates of the Earth and Mars
Authors: Kondratyev K. Ya , Moskalenko N. L. , Parzhin S. N. , Skvortsova S. Ya.
Published: May 2021

Se considera un impacto climático del volcanismo sobre la Tierra y Marte y se hace su análisis comparativo. Se analiza la influencia de los componentes gaseosos y aerosoles -de la nube .volcánica en evolución sobre el efecto de invernadero y el clima de la Tierra y Marte. En relación con las variaciones esporádicas de la intensidad de la actividad volcánica tiene lugar una modulación temporal del clima, con períodos calientes y fríos. Se revela un papel importante del S02 y de los aerosoles volcánicos en la formación del clima en los procesos de evolución de la Tierra y Marte.
Acerca del cálculo de las características del campo de radiación dispersado por partículas de Mie
Authors: Leyva A. , Muhlia A. , Vasiliev O.B.
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo se describe un algoritmo computacional •para el cálculo de la intensidad de la radiación dispersada y las secciones de extinción y dispersión de una partícula esférica y químicamente homogénea. Se calculan las propiedades radiacionales para diferentes valores de los parámetros físicos involucrados, característicos de las partículas que forman el aerosol atmosférico. Se deduce una nueva expresión para uno de los coeficientes angulares de las series funcionales de Míe. Los cálculos demuestran que el algoritmo es aplicable a los casos más comunes de sistemas de partículas atmosféricas; su rango de aplicabilidad es significativamente más amplio que el de otros trabajos. En el Apéndice se describen las características fundamentales del campo de radiación dispersado por partículas esféricas y químicamente homogéneas.
Frictional damping of the tide in the Gulf of California
Authors: Godin G.
Published: May 2021

Se presenta una estimación del efecto de la fricción del fondo sobre la marea en el Golfo de California, suponiendo que su cuenca es un canal con profundidad y anchura variables. Se de.muestra que el efecto es pequeño. Esto permite incluir la interacción de las componentes de marea inferida por el modelo cuadrático de fricción suponiéndola como una perturbación sobre el movimiento base. Permite también reescribir la ecuación de movimiento en forma lineal pero en la que el coeficiente de fricción depende en cada punto, de la velocidad máxima y la amplitud relativa de la componente armónica que se esté considerando, además del valor dado al coeficiente de fricción r= g/C2 • Usando el valor de r= .0036, este modelo reproduce adecuadamente los registros que se tienen de las componentes diurna y semidiurna de la marea en el Golfo de California.
Bosquejo sismotectónico del sur de Mexico
Authors: Mota Palomino R. , Andrieux J. , Bonnin J.
Published: May 2021

La zona sísmica del sur de México se puede dividir en cuatro regiones de características diferentes, aun cuando la actividad se considera como el resultado de la interacción de las placas Pacífico, Norteamericana, cocos, Caribe y Rivera. En este trabajo se consignan algunas de esas diferencias. La región mejor diferenciada es la correspondiente al Istmo de Tehuantepec y Costa de Chiapas. Para las otras regiones: la de Oaxaca, Guerrero-Michoacán y Jalisco Colima, se indican las particularidades que resultan de la sismicidad y de algunos mecanismos focales. La zona Istmo de Tehuantepec-Chiapas parece ser la transición entre una parte de la zona de subducción normal (Centroamérica) y una zona con anomalías (Oaxaca) comparables a la región de Perú central en Sudamérica. La zona de Guerrero-Michoacán presenta algunas complicaciones que se pueden atribuir a la proximidad del punto de intersección entre la cordillera del Pacífico Oriental con la Trinchera de Acapulco y la zona de falla de Rivera. La zona Jalisco-Colima presenta una marcada reducción en la frecuencia de ocurrencia de la actividad sísmica.
Acid rain over México City valley and surrounding rural areas
Authors: Báez A. P. , Padilla H. G. , González O. G. de
Published: May 2021

Durante el período de junio a septiembre de 1983, se llevó a cabo la determinación del pH en 173 muestras de lluvia colectadas en forma secuencial por fracciones, en la ciudad de México y áreas circundantes. Los resultados indican valores ácidos del pH en la mayoría de las muestras colectadas en el área urbana y aun en aquellas muestras que fueron obtenidas en lugares montañosos (valores de pH menores de 4.5).La variabilidad en los valores del pH pueden deberse a: mecanismos de transporte, las condiciones meteorológicas que prevalecieron, la situación geográfica y el número de la fracción colectada en el evento.
Modelo probabilístico de pronostico por punto
Authors: Castro T. , Moyne L. le , Villanueva E.
Published: May 2021

Tratamos un modelo en estrategia secuencial adaptiva, con estadística Bayesiana y función de costos de mínimo cuadrado. Se utilizan los datos de isohipsas de a lo más diez días en secuencia y se pronostica el valor que tomará la isohipsa exactamente encima de la estación que reporta los datos, lográndose una buena aproximación en el pronóstico a cualquier nivel atmosférico, con un mínimo esfuerzo computacional.
Crustal thickness, heat flow, arc magmatism, and tectonics of Mexico-preliminary report
Authors: Urrutia Fucugauchi J.
Published: May 2021

Se presentan mapas preliminares de espesor cortical y de flujo térmico y una discusión breve sobre la estructura cortical, tect6nica y provincias magmáticas en México. Las isopacas siguen aproximadamente la línea de la costa en el margen Pacifico y en el Golfo de México. La corteza es más gruesa (>- 40 km) en la porción central-sur del Altiplano y en la porción central-este de la Faja Volcánica Trans-Mexicana.El flujo térmico es generalmente mayor que 1.5 UFT, excepto sobre los terrenos precámbricos-Paleozoicos del sur de México y en la porción norte de Ia planicie costera del Golfo de México (-1.0 UFT). Se observan valores altos de flujo térmico en la Sierra Madre Occidental y en la Faja Volcánica Trans-Mexicana, las cuales representan provincias magmáticas del Mesozoico-Cenozoico Temprano y del Cenozoico, respectivamente.
Fundamentos de control estadístico de procesos para gestores y administradores tecnológicos
Authors: Uribe Gómez Julián Alberto
Published: May 2021

El control estadístico de procesos es un conjunto de herramientas para gestionar y controlar datos cuantitativos de los procesos empresariales y administrativos. Este libro presenta las herramientas de control estadístico para ayudar a los gestores y administradores de tecnología a ser más competitivos en cuanto a la calidad y oportunidad de sus productos o servicios. La obra se desarrolla en cinco partes: «Conceptos de control estadístico», «Fundamentos básicos de estadística», «Cartas de control para variables y atributos», «Capacidad de proceso» y «Garantía de calidad». Mediante ejercicios teóricos y prácticos, con la ayuda de Microsoft Excel, se busca que el profesional en administración tecnológica, gestión administrativa y carreras afines genere capacidades cuantitativas para la toma de decisiones encaminadas al mejoramiento de la calidad de los procesos de producción.
Respiratory muscle training and exercise ventilation while diving at altitude
Authors:   CTR for Research and Education in Special Environments, Dept of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Univ at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York U.S, Wheelock Courtney E. , Hess Hayden W. , Stooks Jocelyn , Schwob Jacqueline , Johnson Blair D. , Schlader Zachary J. , Clemency Brian M. , St. James Erika , Hostler David
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Pre-dive altitude exposure may increase respiratory fatigue and subsequently augment exercise ventilation at depth. This study examined pre-dive altitude exposure and the efficacy of resistance respiratory muscle training (RMT) on respiratory fatigue while diving at altitude. Methods: Ten men (26±5 years; V̇ O2peak: 39.8±3.3 mL• kg-1•min-1) performed three dives; one control (ground level) and two simulated altitude dives (3,658 m) to 17 msw, relative to ground level, before and after four weeks of resistance RMT. Subjects performed pulmonary function testing (e.g., inspiratory [PI] and expiratory [PE] pressure testing) pre- and post-RMT and during dive visits. During each dive, subjects exercised for 18 minutes at 55% V̇ O2peak, and ventilation (V̇ E), breathing frequency (ƒb,), tidal volume (VT) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Results: Pre-dive altitude exposure reduced PI before diving (p=0.03), but had no effect on exercise V̇ E, ƒb, or VT at depth. At the end of the dive in the pre-RMT condition, RPE was lower (p=0.01) compared to control. RMT increased PI and PE (p<0.01). PE was reduced from baseline after diving at altitude (p<0.03) and this was abated after RMT. RMT did not improve V̇ E or VT at depth, but decreased ƒb (p=0.01) and RPE (p=0.048) during the final minutes of exercise. Conclusion: Acute altitude exposure pre- and post-dive induces decrements in PI and PE before and after diving, but does not seem to influence ventilation at depth. RMT reduced ƒb and RPE during exercise at depth, and may be useful to reduce work of breathing and respiratory fatigue during dives at altitude.
The Alcohol Catalytic Mechanism for Schiff Base 1,3-Proton Transfer
Authors: Shi Yibo , Xing Junde , Li Jie , Zhu Fang , Fan Xiaojun , Zhang Yuchao
Published: May 2021

In order to explore the catalytic effect of alcohols on the 1,3-proton
transfer of 1,1-diphenyl-N-(1-phenylethylidene) methylamine, the
reaction potential energy surface was systematically studied at the
theoretical level of ωB97-MV / def2-QZVPP // PBE0(D3BJ) / 6-31G**. The
results show that the catalytic mechanism of benzyl alcohol can be
divided into the acid channel and basic channel, in which the acid
channel is the dominant one. In the first step, benzyl alcohol
protonated the nitrogen atom of imine to form imine cation and benzyl
alcohol anion, and the newly formed benzyl alcohol anion preferentially
combined with the proton on C1; in the second step, benzyl alcohol
continued to protonize the C3 atom, and the newly formed benzyl alcohol
anion combined with the hydrogen on nitrogen, thus completing the whole
proton migration process. By means of wave function analysis, it is
proved that the stronger the hydrogen bond (O–H···N) is, the lower the
free energy barrier is. When alcohols with lower pKa values are used as
catalysts, the reaction barrier will be lower.
A Fast Protection Scheme for TCSC Compensated Transmission Line Using Wavelet-Alienation-Neural Technique
Authors: Rathore Bhuvnesh , Gangwar Amit , Mahela Om Prakash , khan baseem , *Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a security algorithm based on
thewavelet-alienation-neural technique for detecting, classifying, and
locating faults on Thyristor-Controlled Series compensator (TCSC)
compensated lines. A fault index has been calculated using wavelet
transform and alienation coefficients with post-fault current signals
measured/ sampled for quarter cycle time at both near and far end buses
for fault detection and classification. The location of the fault is
predicted using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) after the fault has
been diagnosed. Approximate coefficients (quarter cycle time) of both
voltage and current signals, from both buses, were provided as input to
ANN. Various case studies, such as variations in TCSC position, fault
location, sampling frequency, power flow path, incipient angle of fault,
TCSC control strategy, fault resistance, and load switching conditions,
have verified the robustness of the proposed safety system.
High efficiency preparation of standard grade γ-tocopherol in plant-scale and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Li Yaping , Zhang Linshang , Wang Zhide , Bi Yanlan , Peng Dan
Published: May 2021

Natural standard grade γ-tocopherol are of great interest due to its
good antioxidant activity and special pharmacological functions. This
study separated and purified γ-tocopherol from mixed tocopherols using
eco-friendly and low toxicity solvents. 0.28 g γ-tocopherol was obtained
per performance with a purity of 98.89 ± 0.68% and a recovery yield of
93.23 ± 0.89%. The purification conditions were as follows: elution
solvent n-hexane/ethyl acetate 94.5:5.5 (v/v), sample load size 0.5 g, a
column height to diameter ratio of 16:1 and an elution rate of 2 mL/min.
The purity and structure of γ-tocopherol was confirmed by HPLC, GC/MS
and NMR. The adsorption isotherm of γ-tocopherol on silica gel (200-300
mesh) fitted the Langmuir isotherm model well. The antioxidant activity
analysis showed that γ-tocopherol had the strongest antioxidant activity
followed by δ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol. This study provides an
economically attractive solution for the production of natural standard
grade γ-tocopherol.
Following the Curve?
Authors: Kirkby Mike , Cerda Artemi
Published: May 2021

Output from a runoff generation models is compared here with information
from field measurements, making use of 11 years data from rainfall and
runoff events at the Sierra de Enguera Soil Erosion Experimental Station
in Eastern Spain.. The model presented simulates overland storm flow on
a sloping rough and unvegetated surface, representing an area of 320x320
m. Green-Ampt infiltration constants are randomly assigned to each cell
in a 128x128 grid, and rectangular storms applied at a range of total
amounts and intensities to simulate runoff at each transect across the
area. A simple algebraic expression is developed to estimate total
runoff and storage in terms of storm size and duration, and plot length,
with parameters that reflect infiltration behaviour, and this expression
is compared with the SCS curve number approach. Output of these
simulations is compared with measured storm runoff data on bare runoff
plots at the Sierra de Enguera experimental Station in SE Spain and
gives further support to the proposed expression for storm runoff.