bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modest beginnings, high hopes: The Western Cape Police Ombudsman
Authors: Muntingh Lukas
Published: July 2018

In 2013 the Western Cape legislature passed the Western Cape Community Safety Act (WCCSA) to improve monitoring of and oversight over the police. One creation of the WCCSA is the Western Cape Police Ombudsman, which became operational in 2015. This article reviews its history and context, as well as results from its first year. The Police Ombudsman, the only one in the country, must be seen as one of the results of efforts by the opposition-held province to carve out more powers in the narrowly defined constitutional space, and in so doing to exercise more effective oversight and monitoring of police performance, and improve police–community relations. The Ombudsman must also be seen against the backdrop of poor police–community relations in Cape Town and the subsequent establishment of a provincial commission of inquiry into the problem, a move that was opposed by the national government, contesting its constitutionality. Results from the Ombudsman’s first 18 months in operation are modest, but there are promising signs. Nonetheless, the office is small and it did not do itself any favours by not complying with its legally mandated reporting requirements.
Book Review: Andrew Faull and Sindiso Mnisi Weeks
Authors: Dixon Bill (William)
Published: July 2018

Review of:

Andrew Faull, Police Work and Identity: A South African Ethnography, Abingdon, Routledge, 2018

ISBN: 978-1-138-23329-4

Sindiso Mnisi Weeks, Access to Justice and Human Security: Cultural Contradictions in Rural South Africa, Abingdon, Routledge, 2018

ISBN: 978-1-138-57860-9
Ncedo Ntsasa Mngqibisa and Guy Lamb
Authors: Moult Kelley
Published: July 2018

As anyone with empirical fieldwork experience knows, even best laid data collection plans rarely go off without a hitch. There is often rich learning from these challenges, although we seldom reflect on them in the literature.   This interview asks UCT’s Safety and Violence Initiative (SaVI) Director, Guy Lamb, and Study Coordinator Ncedo Ntsasa Mnquibisa about their experiences carrying out the Gugulethu component of a randomised household survey project that took place in Gugulethu and Manenberg in Cape Town in 2017. Young people between the ages of 12 and 18 years old, and one of their caregivers, were interviewed using a detailed (structured) questionnaire. This project was a partnership between SaVI, Amandla EduFootball and Dr Ian Edelstein (who was based at the Human Sciences Research Council), which focused on youth resilience, deviance and development. The project was funded by the Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport in the Western Cape Provincial Government.
Implementación de un algoritmo para la detección de señales de tránsito del Ecuador: Pare, Ceda el paso y Velocidad
Authors: Flores Calero| Marco Javier , Conlago Cristian , Yunda Jhonny , Aldás Milton , Flores Carlos
Published: July 2018

Este artículo presenta un prototipo de un sistema embarcado en un vehículo para la detección de señales de tránsito (SDST). Por lo tanto, un nuevo enfoque para la construcción de un SDST se presenta usando las siguientes innovaciones, i) un método eficiente de segmentación por color para la generación de regiones de interés (ROI) basado en los algoritmos k-NN, con Km-means, ii) una nueva versión del descriptor HOG para la extracción de características, y iii) el entrenamiento del algoritmo SVM no-lineal para multiclasificación. El enfoque propuesto ha sido probado sobre un subconjunto de las señales de tránsito ecuatorianas de regulación (Pare, Ceda el paso y Velocidad). Varios experimentos han sido desarrollados en condiciones reales de conducción en varias ciudades ecuatorianas, bajo tres condiciones de iluminación: normal, soleado y nublado. Este sistema ha mostrado un desempeño global del 98,7 % para la segmentación, 99,49 % para la clasificación y una precisión global del 96 % en la detección.
iGEM 2018 Interlab Study Protocol: Calibration 1 v1
Authors: Longo Ylenia
Published: July 2018

This year´s interlab study allows participants to fulfil Bronze medal requirements. For this purposes a set of experiments has to be performed, which in the end will be compared and validated with other team´s data. Part of this Challenge are the Calibration protcols.
iGEM 2018 Interlab Study Protocol: Calibration 3 v1
Authors: Longo Ylenia
Published: July 2018

This year´s interlab study allows participants to fulfil Bronze medal requirements. For this purposes a set of experiments has to be performed, which in the end will be compared and validated with other team´s data. Part of this Challenge are the Calibration protcols. For the third calibration, a fluorescein standard curve is prepared and fluorescence (bandpass width: 520nm/30nm bandpass, 25-30nm width; excitation; 485nm; emission: 520-530nm) is measured.
Protocol to measure sealer penetration into dentinal tubules of the root canal and sealer penetration into the perimeter of the root canal walls, by mean of ImageJ program (version 1.51j8) in samples obtained by means of confocal microscopy. v1
Authors: Jardim Del Monaco Rodrigo
Published: July 2018

This protocol was used tomeasure sealer penetration into dentinal tubules of the root canal and sealer penetration into the perimeter of the root canal walls, by mean of ImageJ program (version 1.51j8) in image samples obtained by means of confocal microscopy.
Calibration of a Density-based Model of Urban Morphogenesis v1
Authors: Raimbault Juste
Published: July 2018

This protocol describes the study of a computational model of urban growth, including real data processing, model exploration and calibration. See github repository for code and paper for real and simulation datasets.
Influenza B virus VICTORIA lineage TaqMan 2018 / FluB-VICT-TM2018 v2
Authors: M Mackay Ian , A Northill Judy
Published: July 2018

This protocol was designed and developed at this laboratory. The protocol specifically aims to amplify strains of Influenza B VICTORIA virus lineage and not strains of the YAMAGATA virus lineage or other virus species. The assay targets the haemagglutinin (HA) region and is designed as a qualitative lineage-typing test for human cases of seasonal influenza virus type B infections. FluB-VICT-TM2018 is ideally used alongside its companion protocol, 'Influenza B virus YAMAGATA lineage TaqMan 2018' (FluB-YAMA-TM2018), which aims to target influenza B virus YAMAGATA lineage strains exclusively. The two assays perform best as UNIPLEX protocols; a drop in sensitivity was observed when combined in a DUPLEX format.
Immersion versus Engagement Strategies: Examining the Effects on Conversational Competence amongst Korean Students in an Intensive English Program
Authors: Jones Aaron
Published: July 2018

This study seeks to examine the effect that immersion versus engagement strategies has on the language growth and efficacy of Korean EFL students learning to speak conversational English in an Intensive English Program (IEP) at an American university. This study utilized quantitative research techniques to answer the various questions that arise in regard to the effectiveness of immersion in an intensive English program. Eight Korean students were selected to partake in the research with four currently attending the IEP program and four having since graduated from the same IEP program. The study was conducted through interviews and questionnaires to examine the effectiveness of immersion strategies within the IEP program. The study found that although some engagement strategies remained somewhat effective for Koreans learning conversational English, the students preferred immersion. The Korean students noted that their interaction with native English speakers in environments where they were immersed in English such as in living situations or extracurricular programs increased their retention of English over activities done in the classroom.
Semantic-related Word Root Sets: To Work, or Not to Work
Authors: Chen Li Min
Published: July 2018

The study investigates whether semantic-related word root sets, such as -graph- & -scrib-, meaning to write, assist learning and analysis of morphological complex academic words in the EFL middle high setting. Two intact classes of 88 EFL learners (L1: Mandarin) were treated with two varied word lists grouped under semantic-related word root sets vs. alphabetical-ordered ones individually. Learning gains were measured on two levels of sensitivity, including two form recognition tests (target words and new words) and one form recall test. Although the effect of semantic-related word root sets seems negative on the form recall test, semantic-related word root sets may assist learners with the form recognition of new words. The study provides specific information to researchers, education practitioners and publishers fascinated with form-focused morphological awareness vocabulary instruction.
Can the Reading Construct Be Examined outside the Reading Context? An Investigation of the Construct Validity of an English as a Foreign Language Reading Test
Authors: Katalayi Godefroid B.
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the construct validity of a multiple-choice reading test from the epistemological stance that supports a close relationship between test construct and test context. It aims to evaluate the extent to which the test tasks not only target the reading construct, but also come to grip with the specific test context (Katalayi & Sivasubramaniam, 2013). Fifty (50) multiple-choice items taken from the 2017 English state examination (ESE) were administered to 496 Grade 12 secondary school students and a concurrent strategies questionnaire was used to elicit information on participants’ use of strategies during test writing (Katalayi & Sivasubramaniam, 2014).  The findings indicate that, although the fifty item questions cover the whole range of reading construct by targeting all the processing levels; there is, however, a predominance of items that require text processing at higher level than those items that require text processing at lower level. This is to suggest that since the ESE includes higher level test items it does not reflect the context of the ESE; and therefore, it is untenable in the educational practices of language teaching and testing.
Cognitive Levels in Saudi EFL Teachers’ and Textbook Questions
Authors: Alnofal Abdulaziz Ibrahim S.
Published: July 2018

This study aimed to investigate the thinking levels of questions asked by EFL instructors for first year English Department students at Al-Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU).The study also aimed to analyze the cognitive levels of the comprehension questions demonstrated by the reading and writing textbook (Unlock, Reading and Writing 1) taught for first year English Department students at IMSIU. In addition, the study examined the extent to which the instructors’ questions and the book they taught differ in the proportions of lower- and higher- thinking level questions. The sample of the study consisted of 15 reading and writing classes taught by EFL instructors. Furthermore, all of the questions in the textbook (Unlock, Reading and Writing 1) were classified according to the Revised Bloom’s taxonomy (Anderson et al., 2001). Descriptive and inferential analysis was used to analyze the data. Furthermore, Chi χ2 cross tabulation was used to show the differences among the levels of thinking in the two textbooks. The findings showed that the majority of the first year teachers' questions are lower-cognitive levels (knowledge, comprehension and application). Furthermore, the results of the textbook analysis also showed that there was a tendency towards lower-level cognitive skills in the two textbooks under the study.
Ethics and Translation of Shakespeare’s Dramas —A Case Study on Zhu Shenghao’s Translation of Romeo and Juliet
Authors: Gu Zhiwei
Published: July 2018

Since 1980s, the researchers weren’t bound by the ideal of “faithfulness” in translation, but the ethics of “keeping differences” is advocated. Establishing a code of conduct of the cross-cultural exchanges and the translator will be and should be bound by these guidelines has been advocated. This is the translator's professional ethics called the Ethics of Translation. Ethics of Translation has greatly expanded the view of translation studies and made a great significance in protecting the vulnerable culture from being invaded by the strong culture. As everyone knows, Shakespeare’s plays had a great impact on both the Chinese and Western cultures. So a lot of well-known translators have translated Shakespeare’s plays. Among them, many readers are favor of Zhu Shenghao’s translation of “Romeo and Juliet”, which will be explained in the paper in the perspective of Chesterman’s ethics of translation to find the inherent relationship between Ethics of Translation and the translations of Shakespeare’s plays, so that we can find a new way to study the translation of Shakespeare’s plays and make the ethics of translation into practice.
Use of Technology in the Teaching of Telugu Concepts to Create Enthusiastic Learning Environment—A Case Study among Educators
Authors: Prema Elliah , Kumar Bahadur Goonesh
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of digital technology could create a positive impact in teaching of Telugu concepts. Due to little exposure of the Telugu language in Mauritius, learners face difficulties in learning and understanding the language in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, communication and writing skills. The study focused mainly on how the use of cartoons could cater for all types of learners, how they can be used as a tool to allow a child centred learning and whether they promoted the understanding of concepts easily through the use of technology and brought motivation to learners. A study was conducted with two upper primary schools to find out whether concept cartoons could be advantageous in encouraging them in better understanding concepts. Cartoon Story Maker was used as an educational tool to teach the “Singular- Plural” concept followed by an interactive quiz as assessment to monitor the progress of students. Through both qualitative and quantitative approaches, focus groups, observation, and achievement tests were chosen as convenient methods to collect data. The findings revealed that there has been a slight increase in percentage of scores in class tests and that cartoon concepts have motivated the learners to learn the Telugu concepts and helped to improve their communication skills.
Ethical Consciousness under Totalitarianism —Review on George Orwell’s 1984
Authors: Qin Xuan
Published: July 2018

Since the new president of the United States Trump wield power people began to doubt the political situation, which thus led to the novel 1984 jump to the top in the list of the best seller. Public concern is that whether George Orwell’s allegorical purpose will be realized. Definitely 1984 is known as an anti-totalitarian novel describing the ethical disorder, the revolting principles, the absurd disciplines and ideological deformation of the “Big Ocean” country under the domination of “Big Brother”. People living there are forced to fall into ethical dilemma. They have changed their rational thoughts into irrational ones. Besides, they give up their identity of blood relatives and principles of making friends and empower irrationality to control humanity. This article intends to analyze the trauma made by the totalitarian government from the aspects of ethical consciousness.
Research on Evaluation Model of the Effective EFL Teaching in the Era of Informatization
Authors: Zhang Jinzhu
Published: July 2018

The world is changing with a remarkable speed with the advancement of the informatization, which has revolutionized many fields. EFL teaching in China enjoys great priority. While in the era of IT, traditional teaching mode can no longer satisfy the needs of the globalization and Chinese society. In order to improve the classroom efficiency, the first thing the author believes should be done is the reform of the traditional evaluation system of EFL classroom teaching. In this paper, the author proposes a new framework to evaluate the college EFL classroom teaching in the context of information age, hoping to contribute to the improvement of teaching efficiency at college EFL classroom.
Spelling Errors among Arab English Speakers
Authors: Aloglah Thara Mahmoud Ali
Published: July 2018

This study aims to investigate errors of spelling in English which are made by Arab speakers including those of consonant and vowel errors. Also, the study was carried out by the researcher in order to discover and investigate the factors which lay behind all these problems. The cause for such a phenomenon would be the unawareness of spelling errors and the sound problems. A basic skill which exists in any language and is very crucial and important in communication would be spelling, but it is often seen that students of the English Foreign Language find it very difficult to spell monosyllabic words after a lot of years of being engaged in learning that language. In addition, there is focus on other skills such as reading and speaking by teachers and researchers leading to the ignoring and overlooking of the smaller components.
Research on MTI Theses of Inner Mongolia University—Taking the Theses of the Students of Grade 2011-2013 as a Case
Authors: Mu Huaiyu
Published: July 2018

This paper has conducted a quantitative investigation and analysis of the selection of research topics and writing models of the MTI theses of the students of Grade 2011 to Grade 2013 at Inner Mongolia University, and had a deep probe into the actual application and acceptance of the current modes of MTI theses. Based on the findings, the author suggests that in procession of writing MTI theses, the students should be required to first select a highly professional translation project which has not been translated before, and then write a research report on the practice of translation. The writing of MTI theses should embody its distinctive characteristics and avoid the convergence with the forms of such academic-oriented theses as those on translation studies, thoroughly removing the “academic” tendency and keeping its “professional” feature, but at the same time, the academic norms that MIT theses should have can’t be reduced.
Analysis of Xi’s Diplomatic Speeches from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory
Authors: Lian Yun
Published: July 2018

From a linguistic perspective, diplomatic speeches contain a wealth of appraisal resources to show the attitude tendency of the speech subject and the government who represents. From the perspective of the construction of national discourse, diplomatic speeches have a positive effect on the transmission of positive energy in a country and have an important value for the construction of national discourse. The research will analyze speeches that president Xi has made at the "Belt and Road" summit and at the BRICS summit. By artificial annotation, the author will use Antconc3.2.4 corpus retrieval software to sum up frequency of appraisal resources appearing in the speech discourse, then combing with quantitative and qualitative analysis method to explore how president Xi used the appraisal resources to transmit the Chinese voice and build the Chinese discourse in the diplomatic speeches from the achievements of international cooperation, the challenges and the contribution made by China.
An Exploration of the Concept and Practice of Co-teaching in Public Secondary School EFL Classes in Benin
Authors: Gbènakpon Sekoubaou Abel
Published: July 2018

Across Asia, in countries such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, and Hong Kong, the practice of the Co- teaching model within English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms has proved beneficial for both educators and learners. In those countries, having both native and non-native EFL teachers to develop and carry out lesson plans offers a great opportunity to build local teachers’ capacities and promote cultural exchange between teachers and within the classroom. For learners, the co-teaching model gives the possibility to hear pronunciation, as well as tones and rhythm, of a native speaker in English. While researchers have noted the benefits of this strategic approach in both teaching and learning English as a foreign language, in those aforementioned Asian countries, they have failed to specify if the practice can be generalized to other EFL countries around the world. To my knowledge, no research has been conducted on co-teaching in Benin. To fill this gap, this study, through qualitative and quantitative methods, aims to shed light on the prospects and challenges of co-teaching in Beninese secondary schools. As the co-teaching practice in Benin is only done by US Peace Corps TEFL Volunteers, the target population has consisted of thirty of them and forty of their counterparts. Valuable data has been collected through class observations, interviews and questionnaires over a six-month period. The findings have shown that even though there are challenges, the approach of co-teaching used in Benin is beneficial to both the team teachers and their learners. Finally, the study suggests ways to maximize the benefits of co-teaching and a few strategies to cope with challenges.
Research Summary of College English Micro-lecture in China
Authors: Wu Yan
Published: July 2018

With the development of information technology, micro-lecture has gradually become the focus in the field of education and aroused extensive attention from educators. It will become a new kind of teaching mode and an approach to learning. Mobile learning, distance learning and online learning which based on the micro-lecture will be more and more popular in education. In this paper, the articles in the aspects of theories and practices of college English micro-lecture were summarized to provide some referential information for college English teaching reform.
Teachers’ Roles in China’s EFL Classes Adopting the PAD Mode
Authors: Qi Xihong
Published: July 2018

This paper reviews the shift of teacher role in light of the development and innovation of EFL instruction in China and analyses the EFL teachers’ roles in classes adopting the PAD (Presentation-Assimilation-Discussion) mode. It points out EFL teachers play a wide range of roles in PAD classes to meet students’ needs and contribute to their language learning.
The Anomie and Norm of Network Language Communication
Authors: Zheng Xin
Published: July 2018

Network language has enriched and promoted language development on the one hand. On the other hand, the randomness of network language has made itself have a lot of irregularities and imperfections. Due to the context of network communication and the characteristics of main users, there exists the anomie from the aspects of language rules and content in network language, such as grammar, vocabulary and pragmatics, which causes the communication barriers in different communicative communities and the negative impact on the young Internet users and the development of modern Chinese. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to strengthen the research on the anomie of the network language and put forward the countermeasures to normalize the network language.
English Language Challenges among Students of Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing & Health Sciences at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University
Authors: Rabea Reem , Almahameed Nusaiba Adel , Al-Nawafleh Ahmad H. , Obaidi Jawad
Published: July 2018

The aim of the current study is to investigate the perceived learning challenges as well as the coping strategies employed by Nursing and Health Sciences (NHS) students at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University (AHU) in dealing with general and medical English as a foreign language in the learning process. Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing & Health Sciences (PAC) at AHU needs to address these challenges to meet the low-level grades of its students. A three-part questionnaire was used for data collection over a time period of three consecutive academic semesters. It is a 26-item self-reported questionnaire with a 5-point Likert-type scale. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for statistical analysis. The reliability of the scale was tested using Cronbach alpha. The outcomes showed that the students struggle with the issue of limited language proficiency. This problem, then, which the study’s outcomes present is twofold: firstly, due to the students’ lack of knowledge and proficiency in general English and secondly, because of students’ lack of proficiency in medical English. Actually, students are not only burdened by the fact that they lack the proficiency of general English but further by their unfamiliarity with medical English.
The Problems and Suggestions on Education of Transition from Kindergarten to Primary School in Zhoushan City
Authors: Guo Nvjie , Lu Jingjing , Chen Zhijie , Xiao Han
Published: July 2018

Education transition from kindergarten to primary school is an educational process, and it is also an important turning point in child development. Physical and mental developments of children are different in kindergarten and primary school. It is important to make a smooth transition from kindergarten to primary school, in order to promote sustainable development and improve education quality. The Learning and Developing Guidelines for 3-6 Child  stipulates Kindergarten should work in close cooperation with family and community, connect with primary school, make good use of all education resources, and create favorable conditions for child development together .Our research group took six months to survey the implementation of education of transition from kindergarten to primary school in Zhoushan. Using the methods of field trips, interview and questionnaire, our group gathered the real, effective information and data to identify the problems about transition, and give some reasonable suggestions.
Applying Output-drive, Input-enabled Hypothesis in College Students’ Intercultural Communication Competence: A Case Study of Sichuan University of Arts and Science
Authors: Wei He
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, globalization has already changed the whole world than anyone could imagine. China adopts an open mind to the change for globalization, and spares no effort to participate in international economic cooperation, which means more opportunities for Chinese students to study and work abroad. Therefore, it is not necessary but a must to cultivate college students’ intercultural communication competence. This paper is to conduct a survey in Sichuan University of Arts and Science, involving 180 non-English Major freshmen. By the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper is to discuss the problems existing in the process of cultivating college students’ intercultural communication competence, such as: insufficient output of students’ language competence, and inadequate input of culture knowledge ,and probe into the reasons for those problems. Meanwhile, this paper also put forward some solutions about how to cultivate college students’ intercultural communication competency with the perspective of output--driven, Input--enabled Hypothesis.
Professional Role of Tour Guides and Theoretical Consequences of Intercultural Communication
Authors: Bahang M. Dahlan , Wello Basri , Akil Mansyur
Published: July 2018

Intercultural communication between tour guides and foreign tourists, taking place in a number of tourist attractions in Tana Toraja, Indonesia, is a form of communication used to share information from various cultures and social groups. This factual condition of intercultural communication proves that; Firstly, none of the five informants (tour guides) selected which duties to perform as explicitly mentioned in the first theoretical consequence of intercultural communication by Sunnafrank (1989, p.44). As mentioned in the first theoretical consequence of intercultural communication, although intercultural communication is difficult, tour guides are unlikely to avoid it because it is assigned by the company hiring them, in addition to the fact that they already have professional competence as a tour guide, mastering international languages, cultural product knowledge and information related to tourist destinations. Secondly, in the communication process, none of the tour guides and foreign tourists reduced their communication intensity despite finding negative results. These two facts are the characteristics of intercultural communication between tour guides and foreign tourists in Tana Toraja, Indonesia. In terms of linguistics, findings lead to verbal forms used, both as the consequences of language relativity as well as the preferences of cultural experiences of each foreign tourist.
On Building a Specialized Chinese-English /English-Chinese Electronic Dictionary for Chinese Business English Learners
Authors: Zhou Zhiyi
Published: July 2018

Based on needs analysis, this paper studies the needs of Business English (BE) learners on acquiring business terms. An online questionnaire was conducted on full-time undergraduate business English majors and international business majors in the School of International Business English at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and 254 valid questionnaires were collected. The finding shows that a customized specialized C-E/E-C electronic dictionary is in great need during the 4-year-learning process of BE learners, while disadvantages of existing C-E/E-C electronic dictionaries are spotted. According to the data collected from the survey, author discuss the disadvantages of existing Chinese-English/English-Chinese (C-E/E-C) electronic dictionaries and tries to put forward improvement suggestions on building a specialized C-E/E-C electronic dictionary from the perspective of BE learners. This research will help business-English- term teaching and specialized C-E/E-C electronic dictionary compiling.
An Analysis of English Vocabulary Learning Strategies
Authors: Bai Zhihong
Published: July 2018

Vocabulary is one of the three elements of language, the building material and the basic of language. To communicate with others fluently, the first premise is that we must have a certain amount of vocabularies. Facing so many words to learn, it’s necessary to investigate the vocabulary leaning strategies. The paper mainly studies the strategies of English vocabulary learning. Firstly it introduces the importance of vocabulary learning. Secondly, it explains the significance and purpose of the study, and does the survey to the current problems of students’ vocabulary learning. Thirdly, it gives the definition and classification about the vocabulary learning strategies. Then, in the paper some factors which affect the strategies of vocabulary learning are listed. Finally, it points out the specific strategies of vocabulary learning and gets some opinion about it. It is hoped that this paper can offer some help for students’ English vocabulary learning, and expand students’ vocabulary. Also, it can improve students’ interest in vocabulary learning and make vocabulary learning easy.
Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Language of Palm Wine Drinkers’ Club (Kegite)
Authors: Tochukwu Okeke Gloria , Monday Mbah Boniface , Onyebuchi Okeke Chukwuma
Published: July 2018

This paper analyses the language of Palm Wine Drinkers’ Club in Nigeria, known as Kegite Club. The paper’s main objective is to examine the pattern and language use of the Kegite club and highlight how it departs from the linguistic pattern found within the general society where the club exists. By using Giles (1971) Communication Accommodation Theory, the paper demonstrates how Kegite members converge with their members by using the Kegite linguistic patterns and diverge from non-members, because non members do not understand the Kegite linguistic pattern, notwithstanding the fact that the English language forms the background of the Kegite language. The oral and documented data collected through interview and participant observation were quantitatively analyzed and categorized in groups based on the different features of the Kegite language observed. The findings of the study show that the formation, structure and language use of the Kegite club exhibit a kind of technical language attributes that are quite peculiar to it. Hence, this study classifies it as a specific type of slang.
A Study of EMP Curriculum Reform Based on the Need Analysis
Authors: Kong Yuan
Published: July 2018

ESP is a sort of English related to a particular profession or subject. ESP courses must be based on the analysis of the needs of the learners. The demand analysis in foreign language teaching is an empirical investigation and research, which is a dynamic diagnosis process for the implementation and improvement of teaching. The needs analysis before the beginning of the course can provide the basis for the setting of the curriculum, and make the curriculum more targeted. In the course of the needs analysis, the educators can adjust the teaching content and teaching methods according to the actual situation. After the needs analysis of the curriculum, teachers can help the teachers collect feedback information through comparative analysis to provide the basis for the follow-up curriculum reform.
Cognitive Motivation for Unaccusative Verbs with Objects in Existential Construction in Chinese
Authors: Wu Haiying , Liang Ye , Tian Liling
Published: July 2018

This study applies conceptual blending and grammatical blending to analyze the meaning and structure construction of the NP1+Vi+NP2 construction in existential construction in Chinese. We found that the NP1+Vi+NP2 construction in existential sentences is the result of conceptual integration and grammatical blending of two subevents with basic grammatical structure of NP1+Vt+NP2 and NP2+Vi respectively. By discussing process of semantic construction and syntactic realization, we derive that the structure of existential sentences is integrated by the input spaces of "the existing object exists (or lies on some status)" and "somewhere exists something". It can concludes that the emergent meaning is "somewhere exists the existing object lying on some status" through analyzing the blending characters. This proves that conceptual integration and grammatical blending theories are animate and have mighty explanatory power in this specific linguistic phenomenon.
PELESTARIAN KONSEP KESETARAAN, KETERBUKAAN DAN RELASI ANTARA MANUSIA DAN LINGKUNGAN DI KALANGAN GENERASI MUDA BATAK TOBA DI JAKARTA
Authors: Siahaan Rita Maria , Darmojuwono Setiawati , Ajie Muhammad Arie Andiko
Published: July 2018

Indonesian society is multicultural and multilingual. Dialects in Indonesia have a lot of indigenous concepts, which are important for the nation building. In a multilingual society, language contact means that languages with small repertoire can be dominated by languages with larger repertoire (Romaine 2000). The Batak Toba language has concepts about egalitarianism, transparency and harmonizes relation between human being and environment.  Most of young Batak  Toba generation, who were born and who are living in Jakarta do not speak well Batak Toba language. There is a language shift among them, although they do not speak Batak Toba language, they still master the world views of Batak Toba culture.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE STATE BORDER GUARD OF LATVIA AND FEDERAL SECURITY SERVICE BORDER GUARD SERVICE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kuprijanova Jekaterina , Livdāns Juris , Arbidāne Iluta
Published: July 2018

One of the main State Border Guard priorities is to maintain and develop the state border guarding system, according to the European Union external borders requirements, by fulfilling the conditions of the Schengen acquis. Schengen acquis provides that international cooperation in the field of border security can have multilateral, bilateral and local dimensions. In this context, an agreements concluded with bordering countries on cooperation in the field of border management is an effective tool to strengthen border security (EU Schengen Catalogue, 2002). In research as methodology are used scientific literature in the field of international law, treaties and agreements, the law of the Republic of Latvia, the State border guard of the internal regulations and the State border guard of unpublished materials. The Republic of Latvia and the Russian Federation cooperate in the field of development and implementation of coherent measures for the border control. Cooperation with RF is executed based on treaties and agreements concluded, as well, maintaining contacts between competent representatives of both countries at various management levels. The extensive cooperation between neighbouring countries on maintenance of security at the border results in the elucidation of the incidents occurring at the state border and other relevant issues, at the same time providing stability and security at the common border.
COMMUNITY POLICING IN BORDER COMMUNITIES
Authors: Boluža Inese
Published: July 2018

Community orientated policing is widely held as the relatively new and interesting philosophy for Latvian policing. For the fifteen years the community policing movement has been gaining momentum acquiring the support of politicians, reformers, and the society. Unfortunately there are problems that continually plague the philosophy of community policing. Some of the largest obstacles that police organizations face with the community policing program are the initial implementation and understanding of community policing, the ability to change and adapt to the new format of policing, and the acceptance.As part  reform programs, State police of Latvia seek to introduce community policing. There is no clear or consistent definition of what constitutes a community policing programme. However, most community policing initiatives aim to improve relations between the police and residents, engage community members or civic organizations in evaluation of police services, and expand information sharing. Community policing control activities are not always linked to police reform initiatives; somestimes the two activities occur simultaneously in isolation on each other. There have been more increasing attempts to link or find synergies between control initiatives and realised programs, especially (community-based) weapons collection programs and disarmament and demobilization projects. Policing reform has been a rather neglected area of security sector reform that has been addressed on an ad hoc basis. Some analysts see the need to reduce the number of firearms in circulation as a way to improve public security, and thus training in the management of safeguarding police stockpiles, keeping accurate inventories of weapons and appropriate weapons handling need to be reinforced.Public safety cannot be taken for granted. It can only be achieved not only through the professionalism of our finest, but through successful collaboration with their neighboring counterparts as well. They all deserve our respect and gratitude, and not calumny and frivolous criticisms.
EFFECT OF COOPERATION WITH THE EUROPEAN AGENCY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OPERATIONAL COOPERATION AT THE EXTERNAL BORDERS OF THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (FRONTEX) ON THE FACILITATION OF TRAINING PROCESS OF THE LATVIAN STATE BO
Authors: Arbidāne Iluta , Lobanovs Aleksejs , Pokule Viktorija , Liepiņš Arvīds
Published: July 2018

The research focuses on major cooperation directions established between the State Border Guard of Latvia and the European Agency FRONTEX. It deals with the legal regulation of SBG and FRONTEX cooperation, depicts and analyses SBG and FRONTEX cooperation in the field of training as well as explores the main pillars of SBG and FRONTEX cooperation development perspectives. The aim of the research is to investigate how SBG cooperation with the Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union (Frontex) influences the increase of SBG officers’ capacity regarded in carrying out their functions. The main tasks that were brought up are as follows: to investigate the legal regulation of SBG and FRONTEX cooperation as well as to analyse the main directions of SBG and FRONTEX cooperation in the training process of the officers, finally, to study perspectives of SBG and FRONTEX cooperation development aiming at officers’ capacity building.  The key methods employed in the framework of this research are: descriptive method, analysis and synthesis, clustering, graphical method.
PRINCIPLES OF LEGAL RIGHTS IN OPERATIONAL POWERS OF THE STATE BORDER GUARD
Authors: Gaveika Artūrs
Published: July 2018

The current Border Guard Law which came into force in 1998, from jurisdictional perspective and in terms of content, is out-dated since it only reflects some of the legal principles the State Border Guard as a national regulatory authority must apply in its activities. The novelty of the article is that the author proposes the development of the Border Guard Law in a new version which would include specific principles of the Border Guard, in close conjunction with the authority's powers, rights and responsibilities. The aim of the study is to develop and propose a number of special Border Guard operational principles to be included into the regulatory framework of the Border Guard. The research tasks are to investigate the current normative regulations, legal practices, the conclusions of Latvian and foreign law researchers by using analytical, historical and comparative methods. The principles of the law are reflected in many regulatory enactments and they must be observed and applied to each state administration institution, including the State Border Guard, and their repetition is not required by the special laws binding on the State Border Guard. The application of the principles of law is closely related to the fulfilment of the tasks, rights and obligations assigned to the State Border Guard, therefore the author seeks to investigate their development in historical dynamics. The main achievement of the research is that the author has tried to define the main special principles of the State Border Guard.
Ansiedad idiomática en Español como Lengua Extranjera y rendimiento académico en la Enseñanza Superior || Foreign language anxiety in Spanish as a Foreign Language and language achievement in Higher Education
Authors: Rabadán Mercedes , Orgambídez Alejandro
Published: July 2018

La ansiedad idiomática es reconocida como uno de los elementos afectivos que mayor influencia tiene sobre el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. No obstante, se han realizado pocos estudios sobre el papel de la ansiedad en el contexto de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE), y apenas existen investigaciones con estudiantes portugueses de la enseñanza superior. Este estudio explora el papel de la ansiedad idiomática como predictor del rendimiento académico en estudiantes portugueses universitarios. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y correlacional con una muestra de 249 participantes. La ansiedad fue evaluada utilizando la escala Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) y el rendimiento académico fue medido utilizando la nota final obtenida en la asignatura de español como lengua extranjera. Los resultados mostraron que mayores puntuaciones en la aprensión comunicativa, la ansiedad durante la evaluación y el miedo a una evaluación negativa se asociaron a peor rendimiento académico. El modelo de regresión identificó el miedo a una evaluación negativa como el predictor significativo más importantes de la calificación. Ambientes de clases libres de ansiedad facilitan la adquisición y el aprendizaje de ELE.
Predictores de la felicidad y el rendimiento académico en una muestra multicultural de adolescentes || Predictors of happiness and academic performance in a multicultural sample of adolescents
Authors: Pulido-Acosta Federico , Herrera-Clavero Francisco
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo ha tenido como objetivo fundamental analizar los predictores de Felicidad y Rendimiento Académico, considerando la edad, género, cultura y estrato socioeconómico, así como contemplar las relaciones que se pudieran dar entre las variables, para una población adolescente multicultural. Para ello, se ha contado con 811 participantes. Considerando la cultura, el 71.6% de la muestra fueron musulmanes, mientras que el 28.4% de la misma pertenecía a la cultura-religión cristiana, siendo el 46.1% varones y el resto de la muestra (53.9%) mujeres. Como instrumentos de evaluación se emplearon un cuestionario elaborado para evaluar la Felicidad, así como las calificaciones de los estudiantes. Los resultados reflejan que los predictores de la Felicidad son todas las variables sociodemográficas: edad, cultura, estatus y género. En Rendimiento Académico los predictores son el estatus, la cultura/religión y la edad. Se ha halló relación estadísticamente significativa entre Felicidad y Rendimiento Académico, estableciéndose una relación directamente proporcional.
Academic goals in blind and partially sighted students: a differential analysis and goal profiles
Authors: Jover Irene , Navas Leandro , Holgado-Tello Francisco Pablo
Published: July 2018

The present work was based on goal orientation theory, that represent the reasons to perform a task and the criteria to evaluate it. However, few studies have explored goal orientations in students with visual impairment. The objective of this study was to determine whether the goals pursued by blind students different from those of partially sighted students. Participants comprised 171 students, from different stages of the education system (from Primary Education to University Education) with ages between 8 and 27 years old, of which 109 were blind, and 62 partial visual impairment, which respond to an adaptation of the Achievement Goal Tendencies Questionnaire. The results indicate that students with total visual impairment have lower average scores on social reinforcement goals, not in contrast to learning goals, achievement goals and performance goals, where no significant differences were found. Three different goal orientation profiles were obtained. The first stands out for obtaining high scores in learning goals; the subjects of the second group are defined by obtaining high scores in learning goals, social reinforcement goals and  performance goals; and the subjects of the third group are characterized by their low scores on learning goal, social reinforcement goals and achievement goals. The results of the discriminant analyses show that there are differences in these profiles depending on the degree of visual disability and that the achievement goals do not have discriminating power. These findings have educational implications as regards motivation.
Reseña del libro: La escuela activa y el entorno. Una aproximación a través de los paseos, visitas y excursiones durante la segunda república || Review of the book: The active school and the surroundings. An approximation through the walks, visits and excursions during the Second Republic
Authors: Diz-López María Julia
Published: July 2018

Presentamos una reseña de la última obra que nos han brindado el profesor Ángel Serafín Porto Ucha y la profesora Raquel Vázquez Ramil: La escuela activa y el entorno. Una aproximación a través de los paseos, visitas y excursiones durante la segunda república. Ambos autores son estudiosos de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza, sobre la que han realizado sus tesis de doctorado y numerosos estudios posteriores. En este libro profundizan en el estudio de la escuela rural republicana a partir de dos figuras: el maestro de A Cañiza (Pontevedra), José Benito González Álvarez y el inspector de primera enseñanza de Pontevedra, José Muntada Bach, autores de “Paseos, visitas y excursiones de la escuela activa” (1934), que Porto y Vázquez descubren para nosotros.