bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Tactical Game Approach and the Direct Teaching Models in the Teaching of Handball: Cognitive – Psychomotor Field and Game Performance
Authors: Dorak Ferudun , Yildiz Lale , Canpolat A.Meliha , Yüzbaşıoğlu Yasin , Vurgun Nilgün
Published: June 2018

It was aimed in the study to compare the Tactical Game Approach and the Direct Learning Models in Handballtraining, to study the effects in detail on development in the cognitive field, psychomotor field and gameperformance of these models. A total of 43 students who were attending at the Department of Physical Education andSports Teaching, participated voluntarily in this study. Since the participants were attending two different classes,one of the classes was determined randomly as the “Tactical Game Group” (n=25) and the other class as the “DirectLearning Group” (n=18). In the study, a 25-question survey form composed by the experts, was used for measuringthe knowledge levels. A Handball test course was used for determining performances of the psychomotordevelopments of the groups. The 16-item form that contained the offensive and defensive criteria, by taking as thebasis the (GPAI), was used at the stage of game performance assessment. The qualitative data were obtained with theindividual interview technique realized with the Standardized Open-ended Interview Form. Analysis methods wereused for data analyses. In the analysis of the qualitative date, the depiction and analysis stages were followed. Studyfindings stated that both of the learning methods provided development, both in the psychomotor and in the cognitivefield. However, in the game performance field, it was determined that the Tactical Game Approach was moreeffective compared to the Direct Learning Model.
The Correlation Between the Creative Thinking Tendency of Mathematics Teacher Candidates and Their Attitudes Towards Instructional Technologies and Material Design Lesson
Authors: Çenberci Selin , Yavuz Ayşe
Published: June 2018

Instructional Technologies and Material Design (ITMD) lesson is a tool that enables Mathematics teacher candidatesto design materials for contributing to lasting learning of their students, and use them most effectively. This lessonhelps students to activate their creative thinking skills, increase their courage and self-confidence, find differentsolutions in the face of problems, and therefore introduce creative products. In this context, firstly, it is aimed toexamine the level of Mathematics teacher candidates' attitudes towards the Instructional Technologies and MaterialDesign lesson and their effects in terms of different variables in this study and then determine whether there is arelationship between creative thinking tendencies of Mathematics teacher candidates and their attitudes towardsInstructional Technologies and Material Design lesson in this study. The sample of the research constitutes of 315Mathematics teacher candidates who are studying in Mathematics Education Department spring semester of the2016-2017 academic year of at Necmettin Erbakan University. The data were obtained by applying Marmara CreativeThinking Tendency Scale (MCTTS) developed by Özgenel and Çetin (2017) and whose validity and reliability studieswere conducted to teacher candidates, and by applying the Attitude Scale towards Instructional Technologies andMaterial Design Lesson (ASITMD) developed by Çetin, Bağçeci, Kınay, Şimşek (2013) and whose validity andreliability studies were conducted. There was no significant difference between the Attitudes towards InstructionalTechnologies and Material Design Lesson and the Creative Thinking tendencies, in terms of gender variable, but it wasfound significant difference in terms of the high school graduation variable. However, it was obtained that there is apositive and non significant relationship between creative thinking tendencies of Mathematics teacher candidates andtheir attitudes towards Instructional Technologies and Material Design lesson.
Representações das mulheres palestinas na perspectiva do jornalista estadunidense Joe Sacco durante a primeira intifada (1992-1996)
Authors: Vieira José Rodolfo
Published: June 2018

Por meio desse artigo, pautamos nossas atenções nas visões de mundo do jornalista estadunidense Joe Sacco acerca das mulheres palestinas durante sua viagem aos Territórios Ocupados da Cisjordânia e da Faixa de Gaza. O período que corresponde sua viagem a Palestina está relacionado com os acontecimentos da Primeira Intifada Palestina iniciada em dezembro de 1987. A hipótese norteadora de nosso trabalho consiste em analisar como Sacco representou as mulheres palestinas no processo de produção de “Palestine”. Levamos em consideração o esforço que o jornalista disponibiliza em reportar uma visão parcial a favor da Palestina e a iniciativa de dar voz a um povo que o próprio autor considera não ter espaço nos meios de comunicação ocidental. Para isso, consideramos o conceito de representações do historiador francês Roger Chartier como roupagem teórica para nossas análises. Como instrumento metodológico, pautamos nossas observações ao trabalho de Edivaldo Pereira Lima sobre o livro-reportagem.
Metáforas mutantes do imaginário: a semiose na arte Amazônida contemporânea
Authors: Lopes Rafael De Figueiredo
Published: June 2018

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre configurações ecossistêmicas comunicacionais, a partir de aspectos da obra do artista plástico Otoni Mesquita, com ênfase na fase “Ciclos do Eldorado”, na qual o artista discute a forma de ocupação da Amazônia e suas reverberações na contemporaneidade. O objetivo é compreender a dinâmica do trajeto criativo, articulado na interação entre corpo, mente e ambiente. A abordagem é feita pelo viés da semiótica em trama com outras áreas do conhecimento, ressaltando aspectos do imaginário e da sociologia das emergências. O referencial teórico é composto por autores como Lúcia Santaella, Christine Greiner e Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Desse modo, foi possível percebermos o mapeamento de trajetórias ecossistêmicas, por meio de memórias e metamorfoses da arte, configurando ou reconfigurando cartografias sígnicas, em fluxos comunicacionais, com suas inter-relações e interdependências.
A imagem como história, uma leitura do livro didático através dos seus recursos visuais
Authors: Rela Eliana , Troglio Lucas
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo foi produzido a partir das atividades do projeto de pesquisa Leitura de Imagens no Ensino de História: Um estudo sobre mudanças e permanências nas prescrições, livro didático e representações culturais (LIDIHIS). Teve como objetivo analisar os recursos imagéticos de dois livros didáticos de épocas diferentes, a partir do conteúdo de Primeira República Brasileira, e avaliar sua disposição enquanto recurso para construção do conhecimento histórico. No contexto desta análise, a imagem será entendida como texto conforme estudos da pesquisadora Martine Joly. Percebemos, que as imagens são recursos presentes nos livros didáticos há décadas e que demandam propostas de problematizações que consigam extrair o seu valor pedagógico e social.
A Competência comunicativa na administração discursiva de organizações
Authors: Lima Clovis Ricardo Montenegro de , Moreira Fernanda Kempner- , Günther Helen Fischer , Lima José Rodolfo Tenório de
Published: June 2018

Introdução: Discute-se a abordagem discursiva da administração das organizações, uma ciência que é embasada em escolhas racionais de fins e de meios, mas que pode (e deve) ter elementos de crítica.  Objetivos: Desenvolver uma abordagem discursiva da administração para, adiante de deslocar os fundamentos teóricos, também construir referências para uma gestão humanista e eficaz. Metodologia: Parte-se do contraponto metodológico entre a Teoria do Agir Comunicativo de Habermas e a Teoria de Sistemas de Luhmann para evidenciar o potencial do discurso dos participantes dos sistemas entre si e com o entorno. Resultados: Evidencia-se as possibilidades do agir comunicativo dentro dos sistemas através da linguagem e da argumentação e, notadamente, a problematização e a aprendizagem nas organizações que compõe a competência comunicativa. Para a argumentação é necessário vontade e intencionalidade, mas também a competência comunicativa, que possibilitam a reconstrução racional necessária ao desenvolvimento da administração discursiva.  Conclusões: aprofundamos a discussão da administração discursiva e identificamos saídas reconstrutivas para essa prática em prol da humanização das organizações. A competência discursiva fundamenta-se no uso da linguagem e na comunicação que cria vínculos mediante entendimento e acordos e firma o discurso como uma forma especial de interação. A competência comunicativa integra linguagem, gestos e ritualidade.
Atuação do bibliotecário junto a população em situação de rua
Authors: Gonçalves Shirlei Rossato Pelarin , Gracioso Luciana De Souza , Silva Carla Regina
Published: June 2018

Introdução: Muitos direitos são renegados as pessoas que vivem em situação de rua no Brasil, dentre eles, o direito de acesso ao livro e a leitura. Objetivo: Foi objetivo desta pesquisa discutir o lugar do Bibliotecário enquanto promotor e participante de ações de promoção e acesso ao livro e a leitura para pessoas nesta situação. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e observação participante em projeto de extensão intitulado “Memória falada” desenvolvido pela Universidade Federal de São Carlos, junto a Casa de Passagem do município de São Carlos. Resultados: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de uma formação mais crítica a ser ofertada ao profissional bibliotecário de modo que o mesmo possa se sensibilizar e atuar politicamente com questões que envolvem a sociedade. Conclusão: Demonstra como é possível, na prática, que o Bibliotecário atue junto a setores públicos para o desenvolvimento de projetos sociais.
Vocabulários controlados e Linked Open Data: análise dos vocabulários Getty
Authors: Tomoyose Kazumi , Triques Maria Lígia , Simionato Ana Carolina
Published: June 2018

Introdução: Com a maior propagação da iniciativa Linked Open Data e do interesse e relevância da padronização da descrição de recursos informacionais no âmbito digital, surgem novas oportunidades de se aprimorar e atualizar meios de descoberta e recuperação da informação. Objetivo: Explorar e estabelecer a relevância dos vocabulários controlados, em específico os Getty Vocabularies, e dos metadados em Linked Open Data no âmbito da representação e organização da informação. Metodologia: Apresenta-se uma pesquisa teórica, qualitativa e exploratória realizada a partir de análise bibliográfica da literatura científica. Resultados: A utilização dos Getty Vocabularies em Linked Open Data fornece a padronização de metadados descritivos, melhorando na recuperação da informação e promovendo a sustentabilidade aos processos de representação e interligação de dados. Conclusões: Considera-se que a adaptação da Ciência da Informação às inovações informacionais estende a finalidade base da área, contribuindo para o seu aprimoramento, assim como para a atualização da área e aumento das possibilidades de aplicação da representação temática no contexto da Web.
Proposta de um manual de indexação para bibliotecas universitárias
Authors: Silva Rafaela Carolina da , Brito Jean Fernandes
Published: June 2018

Introdução: A eficácia da recuperação depende uma boa indexação e a precisão das linguagens documentárias, que são determinadas neste processo. A indexação é uma atividade que visa não só determinar o assunto de um documento, mas representá-lo por meio de uma linguagem documentária. Objetivos: Assim objetiva-se, neste artigo, propor um guia de indexação para bibliotecas universitárias, a fim de contribuir para com o desempenho das atividades de organização e disseminação da informação já implantados nessas localidades. Metodologia: O estudo caracteriza-se por uma revisão de literatura e pelo estudo do Vocabulário Controlado utilizado pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP), dado à grande replicação desse vocabulário por outras instituições universitárias. Resultados: Temos como resultado dessa pesquisa um manual com recomendações de política de indexação para bibliotecas universitárias. Conclusões: Para um efetivo desempenho no processo de indexação as medidas pré-estabelecidas deverão ser tomadas para a realização de um entrosamento entre o sistema de informação e a relação com os usuários. A eficácia da recuperação depende de uma boa indexação e da precisão das linguagens documentárias, que são determinantes nesse processo.
Adaboost-SVM Multi-Factor Stock Selection Model Based on Adaboost Enhancement
Authors: Zhang Ru , Lin Zi-ang , Chen Shaozhen , Zhao Min , Yuan Mingjie
Published: June 2018

In recent years, the applications of machine learning techniques to perfect traditional financial investment models has gained a widespread attention from the academic circle and the financial industry. This paper takes CSI300 stocks as the object of the research, uses Adaboost to enhance the classification ability of original linear support vector machine, and combines all major factors to build Adaboost-SVM multi-factor stock selection model based on Adaboost enhancement. In the backtesting analysis, the stock selection strategy of original linear support vector machine was compared with the Adaboost-SVM multi-factor stock selection strategy based on Adaboost enhancement. The result shows that the Adaboost-SVM multi-factor stock selection strategy based on Adaboost enhancement possesses stronger profitability and smaller income fluctuation than the original algorithm model.
Transparantie van kwaliteitsoordelen
Authors: Bokhorst Meike , van Erp Judith
Published: June 2018

Transparantie van kwaliteitsoordelen. Van instrumenteel naar responsief toezicht

Veel toezichthouders streven naar ‘transparantie’, maar hoe dit in de praktijk vorm moet krijgen, is niet altijd evident. Bestaand onderzoek naar transparantie heeft zich vooral gericht op de effecten van openbaarmaking van toezichtinformatie op gedrag van ondertoezichtgestelden. Dit artikel presenteert een breder analysekader, waarin we onderscheid maken tussen transparantie (openbaar maken), verantwoording (oordeel mogelijk maken) en responsiviteit (reactie en dialoog). We passen dit kader toe op de openbaarheidsstrategie van de Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd en de Inspectie van het Onderwijs ten aanzien van de openbaarmaking van kwaliteitsoordelen over instellingen. Bij beide inspecties zien we een ontwikkeling in de tijd van transparantie naar verantwoording naar responsiviteit. Het analysekader kan ook voor andere toezichthouders behulpzaam zijn bij het maken van afwegingen ten aanzien van het delen van informatie met hun stakeholders.
Nieuwe bevoegdheden van de Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd in oprichting
Authors: Duijkersloot Ton , Koelewijn Alina , Top Karen
Published: June 2018

Nieuwe bevoegdheden van de Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd in oprichting. Adequate rechtsbescherming voor zorgaanbieders gewaarborgd?

In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de nieuwe aanwijzingsbevoegdheid van de Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd i.o. ten aanzien van de organisatiestructuur van zorgaanbieders op grond van de Wet kwaliteit, klachten en geschillen in de zorg en op de wettelijke grondslag die is gecreëerd in de Gezondheidswet voor het actief openbaar maken van bepaalde toezichtgegevens door de Inspectie Gezondheidszorg en Jeugd i.o. Is bij deze nieuwe bevoegdheden de rechtsbescherming van zorgaanbieders door de bestuursrechter op adequate wijze gewaarborgd? Zijn in het bijzonder de waarborgen van de artikelen 6 en 8 EVRM gerespecteerd? Naar het oordeel van de auteurs kan dit worden betwijfeld en ligt hier een taak voor de wetgever.
Determination of Aflatoxins in Edible Oils from China and Ethiopia Using Immunoaffinity Column and HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Chen Lingyun , Molla Alemu Eshetie , Getu Kassa Metsehet , Ma Ande , Wan Chengsong
Published: June 2018

Background: Aflatoxin (AF) ingestion through contaminated foodstuffs causes at least 250 000 deaths every year from hepatocellular carcinoma in China and sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine the aflatoxin levels of oils in South Gondar, Ethiopia, and oils purchased from retail markets in Guangzhou, China. Methods: We used a rapid, sensitive, and selective HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for the determination of aflatoxins in edible oils from China and Ethiopia using immunoaffinity column cleaning. Results: The level of contamination for Ethiopian oils ranged between 0.07 and 145.59 μg/kg for total aflatoxins. Of the 27 edible oil samples from Guangzhou, China, the total concentration of aflatoxins (AFB1 + AFB2 + AFG1 + AFG2) ranged between 0.03 and 2.23 μg/kg. Conclusions: The study concluded that the peanut oils from Ethiopia were contaminated with aflatoxins higher than the allowable limit set by many countries while the oils from China were safe for human consumption. Highlights: We first describe an HPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of aflatoxins in 48 edible oil samples from China and Ethiopia using immunoaffinity column cleaning. This is the first preliminary study done on Ethiopian edible oils, giving policy-makers and future researchers baseline data. It is also used to assess the aflatoxin levels of the Chinese edible oils from Guangzhou. Therefore, conducting a comparative study points out the severity of the problem and helps to formulate a new national standard for policy-makers, making this study imperative.
Green building: inovação sustentável?
Authors: Martins Daniel Felipe Victor , Da Silva Washington Luiz Martins , Santos Alexandre Rodrigues
Published: June 2018

Este artigo propôs investigar o Green Building (GB), enquanto inovação sustentável. O corpus da pesquisa foi orientado a partir de 3 dimensões fundamentais do desenvolvimento sustentável, dentre as quais destacam-se:  a dimensão econômica, a dimensão ambiental e a dimensão social. Para a condução da pesquisa, foram definidas entrevistas com os gestores de uma empresa da construção civil com know-how em obras com certificação verde, denominada ficticiamente de ABC, além de alguns dos seus clientes. Metodologicamente foi utilizada a abordagem de natureza qualitativa, instrumentalizada a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas que vieram a ser interpretadas e analisadas com o apoio da técnica denominada de Análise de Conteúdo (AC). A pesquisa concluiu que o GB pode ser considerado como uma inovação sustentável, visto que engloba as dimensões propostas pela noção de desenvolvimento sustentável, além de propor uma saída para os problemas ambientais causados pela indústria da construção civil.
LE CONTRACTANT DE BONNE FOI ET LA CAUSE ILLÉGALE : RÉFLEXIONS SUR LE MUTISME DU LÉGISLATEUR
Authors: Kouri Robert P.
Published: June 2018

Le nouveau Code civil du Québec, à l’instar de l’ancien Code, énonce le principe de la nullité du contrat dont la cause est contraire à la loi ou à l’ordre public. Sauf lorsque cela aurait pour effet d’accorder à l’une des parties au contrat nul un avantage indu, le droit prône la pleine restitution des prestations. Cet article analyse d’abord la question de savoir si le motif inavouable de l’une des parties doit être connu de l’autre pour donner lieu à l’annulation, et ensuite, si seul le cocontractant de bonne foi peut invoquer cette nullité.
E.P. Thompson et M. Merleau-Ponty : la conscience connue, la conscience vécue
Authors: Lainé Mathieu Joffre
Published: June 2018

Figure phare du marxisme anglo-saxon, l’historien E. P. Thompson (1924-1993) a proposé une définition exceptionnellement riche et féconde des classes sociales dans son livre La formation de la classe ouvrière anglaise (1963). Excédé par les principaux philosophes de son temps — Althusser, Foucault, Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse, etc. — ainsi que par le scientisme, l’économisme et le déterminisme qui caractérisaient alors la théorie marxiste, Thompson a (discrètement) salué la qualité des travaux de Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961) dans un virulent brulot intitulé Misère de la théorie (1978). Les travaux de Thompson ont été abondamment étudiés et commentés, mais on a jusqu’ici négligé de poursuivre cette référence inopinée à la phénoménologie merleau-pontienne. Or cette référence conduit d’elle-même à une série de passages de la Structure du comportement (1942), de la Phénoménologie de la perception (1945), de Sens et non-sens (1948) et des Aventures de la dialectique (1955), qui montrent que Thompson et Merleau-Ponty partageaient la même conception phénoménologique de la conscience de classe.
Otto Von Guericke, physicien et métaphysicien
Authors: Kopacz André
Published: June 2018

L’article se propose de montrer avec le nom d’Otto Von Guericke que, contrairement à la lecture heideggérienne de l’histoire de la philosophie, la métaphysique n’a jamais cessé de penser l’être en tant qu’être. En fait, elle a sondé l’être et la différence ontologique avec beaucoup plus d’acuité et de profondeur que l’heideggerianisme. L’intention revient à montrer l’actualité de la métaphysique et de ses concepts lorsque l’on évoque la problématique de l’ontologie fondamentale. Avant d’être un physicien reconnu en son temps, Von Guericke était un métaphysicien. Ce sont ses préoccupations métaphysiques qui l’ont amené sur la voie de l’expérimentation physique, et non l’inverse.
Conformity and communal decision-making: First-tester effects on acceptance of home-based HIV counseling and testing in Uganda
Authors: Armstrong-Hough Mari , Meyer Amanda J , Katamba Achilles , Davis J. Lucian
Published: June 2018

Background: Individuals’ observation of how group members ahead of them behave can profoundly shape their perceptions, judgements, and subsequent behaviors. Moreover, social influence theories from the sociology of networks suggest that individuals’ social status and social network position determine the scope of their influence on other group members. We set out to examine the role of conformity and communal decision-making in shaping individual decisions to test for HIV during home-based TB contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods: We analyzed the HIV testing decisions of individuals who were offered free, optional, home-based HIV testing during a home visit by community health workers. We used to generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate how the testing decision made by the first individual in a household offered testing influenced the subsequent testing decisions of other household members.

Results: Community health workers visited 55 households with two or more eligible household members and offered 160 individuals HIV testing. Seventy-five (47%) declined the test. Individuals in households where the first person invited declined HIV testing had four times the risk of declining themselves (RR: 3.96, 95% CI: 1.7-9.0, p=0.001) compared to individuals in households where the first person invited agreed to HIV testing, controlling for individual age and gender.

Conclusions: The decision of the first individual offered HIV testing seems to influence the decisions of subsequent household members when they are also offered testing. Even when results are confidential, individual decisions may be shaped by the testing behavior of the first household member offered the test.
Conformity and communal decision-making: First-tester effects on acceptance of home-based HIV counseling and testing in Uganda
Authors: Armstrong-Hough Mari , Meyer Amanda J , Katamba Achilles , Davis J. Lucian
Published: June 2018

Background: Individuals’ observation of how group members ahead of them behave can profoundly shape their perceptions, judgements, and subsequent behaviors. Moreover, social influence theories from the sociology of networks suggest that individuals’ social status and social network position determine the scope of their influence on other group members. We set out to examine the role of conformity and communal decision-making in shaping individual decisions to test for HIV during home-based TB contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda.

Methods: We analyzed the HIV testing decisions of individuals who were offered free, optional, home-based HIV testing during a home visit by community health workers. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate how the testing decision made by the first individual in a household offered testing influenced the subsequent testing decisions of other household members.

Results: Community health workers visited 55 households with two or more eligible household members and offered 160 individuals HIV testing. Seventy-five (47%) declined the test. Individuals in households where the first person invited declined HIV testing had four times the risk of declining themselves (RR: 3.96, 95% CI: 1.7-9.0, p=0.001) compared to individuals in households where the first person invited agreed to HIV testing, controlling for individual age and gender.

Conclusions: The decision of the first individual offered HIV testing seems to influence the decisions of subsequent household members when they are also offered testing. Even when results are confidential, individual decisions may be shaped by the testing behavior of the first household member offered the test.
Distinctive facial features in idiopathic Moyamoya disease in Caucasians: a first systematic analysis
Authors: Kraemer Markus , Huynh Quoc Bao , Wieczorek Dagmar , Balliu Brunilda , Mikat Barbara , Boehringer Stefan
Published: June 2018

Background

Craniofacial dysmorphic features are morphological changes of the face and skull which are associated with syndromic conditions. Moyamoya angiopathy is a rare cerebral vasculopathy that can be divided into Moyamoya syndrome, which is associated or secondary to other diseases, and into idiopathic Moyamoya disease. Facial dysmorphism has been described in rare genetic syndromes with associated Moyamoya syndrome. However, a direct relationship between idiopathic Moyamoya disease with dysmorphic facial changes is not known yet.

Methods

Landmarks were manually placed on frontal photographs of the face of 45 patients with bilateral Moyamoya disease and 50 matched controls. After procrustes alignment of landmarks a multivariate, penalized logistic regression (elastic-net) was performed on geometric features derived from landmark data to classify patients against controls. Classifiers were visualized in importance plots that colorcode importance of geometric locations for the classification decision.

Results

The classification accuracy for discriminating the total patient group from controls was 82.3% (P-value = 6.3×10−11, binomial test, a-priori chance 50.2%) for an elastic-net classifier. Importance plots show that differences around the eyes and forehead were responsible for the discrimination. Subgroup analysis corrected for body mass index confirmed a similar result.

Discussion

Results suggest that there is a resemblance in faces of Caucasian patients with idiopathic Moyamoya disease and that there is a difference to matched controls. Replication of findings is necessary as it is difficult to control all residual confounding in study designs such as ours. If our results would be replicated in a larger cohort, this would be helpful for pathophysiological interpretation and early detection of the disease.
Mitochondrial diversity of Bulgarian native dogs suggests dual phylogenetic origin
Authors: Marinov Miroslav , Teofanova Denitsa , Gadjev Dimitar , Radoslavov Georgi , Hristov Peter
Published: June 2018

The dog has been the first domesticated animal to have a central role in human society from ancient times to present day. Although there have been numerous investigations of dog phylogeny and origin, genetic data of dogs in the region of the Balkan Peninsula (South-Eastern Europe) are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform phylogenetic analysis of three native Bulgarian dog breeds. A total of 130 samples were analyzed at HVR1 (hypervariable region, D-loop region). The samples were taken from two hunting dog breeds (Bulgarian Hound Dog: Barak,n = 34; Bulgarian Scenthound Dog: Gonche,n = 45) as well as from a Bulgarian Shepherd Dog (n = 51). The first two breeds are reared in a flat region of the country (the Northern part of Bulgaria, the Danubian Plain), while the last breed is a typical representative of the mountainous part of the country. The results have shown the presence of almost all main clades—A, B, C and D—in the three dog breeds taken together, except clades E and F, as expected. With regard to haplogroups distribution, there are clear differences among investigated breeds. While hunting breeds exhibit a prevalence of clade C, the mountainous Shepherd dog shows presence of the D2 haplogroup but absence of the C clade. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to investigate the mitochondrial DNA diversity of native dog breeds in Bulgaria. The results have revealed a clear difference of haplogroups dissemination in native hunting and shepherd dogs, which suggests a dual independent phylogenetic origin, without hybridization events between these dogs.
Triple stable isotope analysis to estimate the diet of the Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Morkūnė Rasa , Lesutienė Jūratė , Morkūnas Julius , Barisevičiūtė Rūta
Published: June 2018

This study quantifies contributions of different food sources in the winter diet of the Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) in coastal waters of the Lithuanian Baltic Sea using non-lethal avian sampling. We highlight the application of stable sulphur isotope ratios as complementary to stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis in order to discriminate sandy bottom macrozoobenthos organisms as potential food sources for the Velvet Scoter. Selection of the most relevant trophic enrichment factors and Monte Carlo simulations in order to choose the best fitted model were undertaken. The stable isotope mixing model revealed the main contributions of a group of bivalves, Mya arenaria and Cerastoderma glaucum, to be 46–54%, and while the crustacean, Saduria entomon, comprised 26–35% of the diet.
The antimicrobial action of polyaniline involves production of oxidative stress while functionalisation of polyaniline introduces additional mechanisms
Authors: Robertson Julia , Gizdavic-Nikolaidis Marija , Nieuwoudt Michel K. , Swift Simon
Published: June 2018

Polyaniline (PANI) and functionalised polyanilines (fPANI) are novel antimicrobial agents whose mechanism of action was investigated.Escherichia colisingle gene deletion mutants revealed that the antimicrobial mechanism of PANI likely involves production of hydrogen peroxide while homopolymer poly(3-aminobenzoic acid), P3ABA, used as an example of a fPANI, disrupts metabolic and respiratory machinery, by targeting ATP synthase and causes acid stress. PANI was more active againstE. coliin aerobic, compared to anaerobic, conditions, while this was apparent for P3ABA only in rich media. Greater activity in aerobic conditions suggests involvement of reactive oxygen species. P3ABA treatment causes an increase in intracellular free iron, which is linked to perturbation of metabolic enzymes and could promote reactive oxygen species production. Addition of exogenous catalase protectedE. colifrom PANI antimicrobial action; however, this was not apparent for P3ABA treated cells. The results presented suggest that PANI induces production of hydrogen peroxide, which can promote formation of hydroxyl radicals causing biomolecule damage and potentially cell death. P3ABA is thought to act as an uncoupler by targeting ATP synthase resulting in a futile cycle, which precipitates dysregulation of iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, acid stress, and potentially the fatal loss of proton motive force.
Review of airflow and transport analysis in building using CFD and network model
Authors: Kato Shinsuke
Published: June 2018

This paper reviews computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and simulation of a network model of airflow and transport scenarios, as well as their coupled simulation. The network model is a tool to describe the whole and macroscopic characteristics of airflow transport in buildings, where airflow is modeled as a network of one‐dimensional flow elements. The flow network model can be solved with comparatively less computational cost; however, all the airflows between nodes should be modeled as one‐dimensional. The airflows and their transports in a room are not one‐dimensional but three‐dimensional. CFD is a convenient tool for analyzing such three‐dimensional flows and transports. The equations are non‐linear, and their solutions are usually obtained numerically. The CFD analysis requires considerable computation resources and computational time. To analyze the whole and macroscopic characteristics of airflows and their transports in buildings including the space distribution features in a certain room, the two simulations should be carried out simultaneously. In this work, the author reviews the conduction of CFD in a room, network simulation in a whole building, and simulation of their coupling. Further, the author's previous works pertaining to this subject are explained.
Actinide Borohydrides
Authors: Daly Scott R.
Published: June 2018

Actinide borohydrides, first discovered during the Manhattan Project, are broadly defined as complexes that form B–H–M bonds, where M is a 5f metal. The earliest examples were discovered during the search for volatile uranium complexes to separate fissile U‐235 for atomic weapons. After World War II, it was reported that simple borohydride complexes such as U(BH4)4, U(BH4)3(BH3Me), and U(BH3Me)4were extremely volatile, setting into motion efforts to discover new actinide borohydride complexes and understand their exceptional properties. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the synthesis, properties, and structures of actinide complexes bearing the most common types of borohydride ligands, namely tetrahydroborates (BH4−), methyltrihydroborates (BH3Me−), and their Lewis base adducts. Thorium and uranium complexes containing the chelating borohydride ligandN,N‐dimethylaminodiboranate (H3BNMe2BH3−) and less‐common hydroborate, dihydroborate, and trihydroborate complexes of the actinides are also discussed.
Supramolecular and Macrocyclic Chemistry of the Actinides
Authors: Mei Lei , Lan Jianhui , Hu Kongqiu , Shi Weiqun
Published: June 2018

Supramolecular chemistry is the field of chemistry beyond molecules, and mainly focuses on systems made up of a number of discrete molecular subunits or components assembled through noncovalent forces such as electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, halogen bonds, andπ–πinteractions. Supramolecular chemistry deals with issues related to self‐assembly processes, a major issue in actinide‐related supramolecular chemistry. Metal–ligand coordination in which the bonds are of moderate bonding strength is essentially also one of the noncovalent interactions that are suitable for constructing supramolecular systems. Similar to transition metal and lanthanide‐based systems, there are many kinds of supramolecular assembly architectures actinide polyrotaxanes, actinide‐coordination‐driven closed or circular architectures as well as supramolecular systems involving weak interactions based on actinide–ligand interactions. In the field of supramolecular chemistry, macrocyclic compounds take up quite a large portion of research concerning with self‐assembly and metal coordination. The excellent complexation capacity of these macrocyclic compounds has made them promising candidates for the construction of actinide‐macrocyclic assemblies and the extraction and separation of actinides.
Laser‐Based Spectroscopic Studies of Actinide Complexes
Authors: Jung Euo Chang , Cho Hye‐Ryun , Kim Hee‐Kyung , Cha Wansik
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this article is to introduce laser spectroscopic studies for the chemical speciation of actinide complexes to those who are interested in the highly sensitive analytical techniques used in the nuclear industry. The chemical speciation of actinide complexes is considered to be a key concept for the safe management of spent nuclear fuels in the back‐end of a nuclear fuel cycle. Time‐resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and laser‐induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) are accepted as very effective techniques to analyze trace amounts of actinide complexes in aqueous solutions. In the present case study, TRLFS and LPAS are primarily used for the chemical speciation of U(VI)‐ and Pu(VI)‐hydroxo complexes, respectively. For the practical application of TRLFS, the chemical speciation of trace amounts of Ca–U(VI)‐carbonate species dissolved in groundwater is described. A spectrophotometry coupled with a liquid waveguide capillary cell is applied for the chemical speciation of U(IV)‐hydroxo complex as an alternative technique to LPAS. The absorption and luminescence characteristics of Am(III) species are also described.
Actinides in Medicine
Authors: Birnbaum Eva R. , Fassbender Michael E. , Ferrier Maryline G. , John Kevin D. , Mastren Tara
Published: June 2018

A summary of actinides and their past, present, and future applications in medicine is provided herein. Details associated with the role that actinides play in medical imaging and therapy is captured along with modes of production, medically relevant decay chains, principles of chelation, and target vectoring. Summaries of preclinical and clinical studies with specific emphasis on the field of targetedαtherapy are also provided for Ac‐225, Th‐227, U‐230, Th‐226, and Bi‐213 (daughter of Ac‐225).
Actinide Elements in Catalysis
Authors: Batrice Rami J. , Karmel Isabell S.R. , Yardeni Guy , Eisen Moris S.
Published: June 2018

The chemistry of the f‐elements has been marked in recent years by the impressive use of actinides in catalysis. These advances have allowed the actinide community to tailor organoactinide complexes for specific reactivities accomplishing a high level of sophistication. It is important to note that when comparing the actinides to transition or lanthanide block complexes, the actinides will sometimes exhibit complementary reactivities; however, most often, distinctive chemistries are displayed for similar organic transformations. Based on their unique electronic and steric characteristics, it is now possible to design new catalytic transformations. This article highlights the catalytic processes including the activation of small molecules, hydroelementations, coupling reactions, and polymerization/oligomerization of cyclic esters and epoxides.
Deoxyhypusine Hydroxylase
Authors: Lindae Antje , Han Zhenggang , Hilgenfeld Rolf
Published: June 2018

Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH) is a monomeric monooxygenase that catalyzes a critical reaction step of the unique protein modification called hypusination. Modified at a specific lysine residue, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5a (eIF‐5A) is the only protein known to be hypusinated. The presence of the noncanonical amino acid hypusine in eIF‐5A is not only crucial for the activity of the protein and vital for eukaryotic cells, but is also involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as cancer, AIDS, and diabetes. DOHH is therefore considered a novel target for the design of drugs against these major health threats. DOHH is a nonheme diiron enzyme that activates oxygen for substrate hydroxylation. Featuring a blue chromophore, the peroxo‐diiron(III) intermediate of human DOHH is unusually stable, allowing its crystallization and the first elucidation of a three‐dimensional structure of this intermediate in its native biological environment. The overall structure of DOHH comprises two pseudosymmetric domains, each consisting of four HEAT repeats. The structural information, in combination with spectroscopic analyses and comparison to other nonheme diiron enzymes, has been used to suggest a putative catalytic mechanism for DOHH. Compounds shown to inactivate DOHH include ciclopirox, mimosine, deferiprone, and zileuton.
Formyl‐Methanofuran Dehydrogenase
Authors: Wagner Tristan , Ermler Ulrich , Shima Seigo
Published: June 2018

Formyl‐methanofuran dehydrogenase reversibly catalyzes under anoxic conditions the reductive fixation of CO2onto the one‐carbon carrier methanofuran (MFR) forming formyl‐MFR according to the equation: CO2+ MFR + 2[H] ⇌ CHO‐MFR + H2O. The soluble multisubunit formyl‐MFR dehydrogenase complex is basically built up of an Mo/W‐bis pyranopterin guanosine dinucleotide (Mo/W‐pterin) containing formate‐dehydrogenase unit catalyzing the CO2reduction to formate and a dinuclear Zn2+containing amidohydrolase unit catalyzing the condensation of formate with MFR. In many family members, electron‐supply units as (poly)ferredoxin domains carrying iron–sulfur clusters are associated with the two catalytic units. Mo‐ and W‐pterin‐dependent enzymes occur as two distinct isoenzymes abbreviated as Fmd and Fwd, respectively.
tRNAModification by Elongator Protein 3 (Elp3)
Authors: Lin Ting‐Yu , Glatt Sebastian
Published: June 2018

Elongator 3 (Elp3) represents the enzymatically active subunit of the multisubunit Elongator complex that catalyzes the first step of the 5‐methoxycarbonylmethyl and 5‐carbamoylmethyl modification reaction at uridine bases in the wobble position of tRNAs. These modifications are essential for accurate protein translation rates and proteome homeostasis, and their loss is detrimental, leading to cellular dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. The electron microscopy structure of the Elongator and the crystal structure of Elp3 have recently been resolved, but details of the enzymatic reaction still remain elusive. One copy of Elp3 is located in each center of the two Elp123 lobes, and unlike other known modifying enzymes, Elp3 consists of two functional domains, namely radicalS‐adenosyl methionine and lysine acetyltransferase domains. The SAM domain harbors an iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster, which is essential for the integrity and activity of the complex. In addition, Elp3 coordinates zinc and interacts with Kti11, a regulatory factor that coordinates iron and zinc, most likely acting as an electron donor for the respective Fe–S cluster of Elp3. Through the unique combination and interplay of its two domains, Elp3 is able to cleave SAM, generate necessary deoxy radicals, and transfer an acetyl radical from acetyl‐CoA to C5 of U34.
Assembly of a Functional Triiron(
III
) Cluster in
L
‐Ferritin
Authors: Ciambellotti Silvia , Pozzi Cecilia , Mangani Stefano , Turano Paola
Published: June 2018

The L‐subunits of mammalian ferritins are generally accepted to facilitate iron biomineral formation by providing nucleation sites. The formation of a μ
3
‐oxo trinuclear iron cluster on the inner cage of homopolymeric recombinant human L ferritin and natural horse spleen ferritin has been observed upon diffusion of ferrous ions through metal‐free ferritin crystals. Three glutamate side chains (Glu60, Glu61, and Glu64) act as bridging ligands between iron pairs, thus driving the cluster assembly. In the fully formed cluster, observed after 60′ diffusion in the human L ferritin, the iron ions are also bridged by peroxide anions, which could originate from ferrous iron oxidation by dioxygen. Substitution of Glu60, Glu61, and Glu64 by alanine residues significantly reduces the iron biomineralization rates, thus suggesting that the observed cluster represents the biomineral nucleation site.
Manganese‐Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents
Authors: Liu Hanlin , Zhang Xiao‐An
Published: June 2018

The contrast agent (CA) has become an essential component of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) practices, routinely applied to enhance the visualization of various diseases that are otherwise hard to detect. The majority of commercial CAs are based on small Gd(III) complexes, which have been widely used in diagnostic medicine for more than three decades, benefiting tens of millions of patients worldwide. Recently, however, Gd‐based CAs have been identified as the cause of a severe adverse effect known as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). In addition, increasing evidence suggest that release of toxic free Gd(III) ions from the MRI CAs lead to the deposit of Gd in the brain and other organs. Development of non‐Gd‐based MRI CAs, therefore, is increasingly important. As an essential micronutrient, Mn is a preferred element of choice in this regard and, therefore, has regained attention in research over recent years. In this article, we will first summarize the key elements for the design and evaluation of MRI CAs. Three types of Mn‐based agents, including small ionic Mn(II) agents, Mn(III) complexes, and Mn‐containing nanoparticles will then be reviewed, according to these key elements. Finally, the recent advances in developing Mn‐based MRI probes as molecular imaging sensors will be highlighted. Throughout the review, the advantages and limitations of Mn‐based agents for MRI, in comparison with the conventional Gd‐based CAs, are the focus of the discussions. Overall, certain types of Mn complexes, such as new water‐soluble MnPs, have shown unique benefits over their Gd counterparts. This includes high sensitivity at high clinical magnetic fields, better biocompatibility of Mn in comparison to Gd, high stability, flexible structure/function, and tunable pharmacokinetics. Some of the new Mn agents have demonstrated potential for future clinical applications, as well as for advanced sensor development.
Divalent Actinides and Transactinides: Inorganic and Organometallic Complexes
Authors: Maria Leonor , Marçalo Joaquim , Gibson John K.
Published: June 2018

This article presents an overview of the chemistry of divalent actinide molecular compounds, as well as a brief discussion about prospects for divalent chemistry of transactinide elements. In the introduction, a survey of the stability of the +2 oxidation state for actinides and transactinides is presented, the scope of the article is elucidated, and previous review publications related to the subject are identified. The main body concisely covers experimental results that have provided evidence for formation of divalent actinide molecular species. The initial section reviews some studies performed in the relatively “exotic” realms of gas phase and noble gas matrices. The majority of the article is devoted to the more characteristic territory of coordination chemistry in solutions and solids. An emphasis is on recent experimental developments that led to the first syntheses of complexes of divalent thorium, uranium, neptunium, and plutonium. Speculation on potential future developments in divalent actinide and transactinide chemistry is presented in closing.
Metal Deposition on a Self‐Generated Microfibril Network to Fabricate Stretchable Tactile Sensors Providing Analog Position Information
Authors: Moon Sungmin , Park Hyung Keun , Song Jun Hyuk , Cho Sunghwan , Kim Jong Chan , Kim Junghoon , Hwang Heesun , Kim Hyoung Seop , Jeong Unyong
Published: June 2018

Stretchable conductors and sensors have attracted great attention for use in electronic skin and healthcare monitoring. Despite the development of many stretchable conductors, there are still very few studies that utilize the conventional methods making electrodes and circuits used in current industry. A method is proposed to fabricate a stretchable electrode pattern and a stretchable tactile sensor by simply depositing linear metal lines through a mask on a stretchable substrate. A method is developed of a self‐generating microfibril network on the surface of stretchable block copolymer substrates. The formation mechanism of the microfibril network is studied with finite element method simulations. Metals (Au and Ag nanowires) are deposited directly on the substrate through a patterned mask. This study shows that strain‐insensitive circuit and strain‐sensitive sensor can be fabricated in a controlled way by adjusting the thickness of the deposited metal, which makes it easy to fabricate a tactile sensor by metal deposition. Also, by using the characteristic that the sensor has different sensitivity depending on the line pattern width, a novel sensor structure simultaneously providing analog‐type position information and pressure value is proposed.