bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of oxygen in a carbon source (castor oil versus paraffin oil) in the synthesis of carbon nano-onions
Authors: Makhongoana Annah , Matsoso Boitumelo J , Mongwe Thomas H , Coville Neil J , Wamwangi Daniel , Maubane-Nkadimeng Manoko S
Published: December 2020

The role of a carbon source containing oxygen groups on the physicochemical properties of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) was investigated. Two oils, castor oil (with O groups) and paraffin oil (without O groups) were converted to CNOs in gram-scale yields using an open flame pyrolysis procedure. The products were heated under argon at 900 °C for varying times (1 h, 2 h, 3 h), to investigate the temperature dependence on their structural properties. TGA studies indicated different decomposition behaviour for the different samples with the annealed paraffinic CNOs (CNOP) having a higher decomposition temperature (>600 °C) than the castor oil derived CNOs (CNOC) (<600 °C). TEM images revealed formation of typical chain-like quasi-spherical nanostructures with particles size distributions for the CNOP (22–32 ± 7.8 nm) and the CNOC (44–51 ± 9.9 nm) materials. A detailed Raman analysis of the CNOs revealed that the graphicity of the CNOs varied with both the carbon oil source and the annealing time. Deconvolution of the first order Raman spectra revealed changes in the parameters of the major Raman bands that were then correlated with defect density ratios. Finally, bandwidth analysis depicted the dependence of the graphicity of the CNOs with heat treatment. The data thus indicate that the presence of oxygen in the carbon source provides a method for producing different CNOs and that simple procedures can be used to produce these different CNOs.
Impact of target dose inhomogeneity on BED and EUD in lung SBRT
Authors: Kuperman Vadim Y , Lubich Leslie M
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of dose heterogeneity in the treatment target on biologically effective dose (BED) for frequently used hypofractionation regimens in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods. In the case of non-uniform target dose, BED in the planning target volume (PTV) is determined by using the linear–quadratic model. An expression for BED is obtained for an arbitrary dose distribution in the PTV in the case of small variance of the target dose. Another analytical expression for BED is obtained by assuming a Gaussian dose distribution in the target. Results. Analytical expressions for BED as a function of the variance of the target dose have been derived. It is shown that a relatively small dose inhomogeneity (<5%–6%) can cause a significant reduction (i.e. >10%) in the corresponding BED and equivalent uniform dose (EUD) compared to the case of uniform target dose. Conclusions. Small variations in the absorbed dose can significantly reduce BED and EUD in the PTV. The effect of dose non-uniformity on BED increases with increasing dose per fraction. The observed reduction in BED compared to that for uniform target dose can be several times greater for SBRT than for standard fractionation with dose per fraction varying between 1.8 and 2 Gy.
Application of the catalytic probe method for measuring the concentration of oxygen atoms in Ar/O2 plasma of a low-pressure arc
Authors: Kamenetskikh Alexander , Gavrilov Nikolay , Krivoshapko Sergey , Tretnikov Petr
Published: December 2020

The monitoring of the degree of oxygen dissociation in the discharge plasma is critical for various plasma applications associated with the etching and oxidation of surfaces or the reactive deposition of oxide coatings. The use of existing measurement techniques is limited owing to their complexity, significant error rate, or application conditions. This study deals with the development of a catalytic probe method for measuring the degree of oxygen dissociation in dense arc discharge plasma. A method for measuring and processing the experimental results is presented, which allows the determination of the thermal contribution of the heterogeneous recombination of oxygen atoms at a high total heating power of the catalytic probe by particle streams and plasma radiation. The atomic oxygen concentration was measured in low-pressure arc plasma with a self-heating hollow cathode in an Ar/O2 mixture with changes in the discharge current and oxygen partial pressure over a wide range of 30–70 A and 0.2–0.6 Pa, respectively. It has been demonstrated that the maximum degree of oxygen dissociation (up to 25% of the O2 content) is achieved at the maximum discharge current and is practically independent of the oxygen flow, whereas the highest concentration of atomic oxygen is achieved when the maximum current and O2 flow values are combined. This conclusion is important for technologies based on plasma-chemical processes in high-current discharges.
New supercurrent pattern in quantum point contact with strained graphene nanoribbon
Authors: Majidi Leyla , Asgari Reza
Published: December 2020

We theoretically reveal the unusual features of the Josephson effect in a strained zigzag graphene nanoribbon with a small length relative to the superconducting coherence length and an arbitrary width. We find a step-wise variation of the critical supercurrent with the width of the nanoribbon, showing additional small width plateaus placed between the broad steps of an unstrained structure. We further demonstrate the peculiar quantization of the critical supercurrent in terms of the strain, resulted from the coupling of the pseudospin of Dirac fermions with the strain-induced gauge potential, where the height of the steps decreases with growing the strength of the fictitious gauge potential. Moreover, our results determine the potential of the proposed superconducting quantum point contact for the realization of the supercurrent switch under an applied strain. Besides, we find the local density of states of the strained zigzag nanoribbon displays a crossover between the decaying and oscillating behavior with the distance from the edges, by tuning the width and Fermi wavelength of the nanoribbon.
Observation of line emissions from Ni-like W46 + ions in wavelength range of 7–8 Å in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Oishi Tetsutarou , Morita Shigeru , Kato Daiji , Murakami Izumi , Sakaue Hiroyuki A , Kawamoto Yasuko , Goto Motoshi
Published: December 2020

Tungsten W46+ lines were successfully observed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range of 7 ∼ 8 Å in the Large Helical Device (LHD). Tungsten ions are distributed in the neutral beam injection (NBI) heated LHD plasma by injecting a pellet consisting of a small piece of tungsten metal wire enclosed by a carbon tube. While the electron temperature has a sudden drop due to the pellet injection, it can be recovered by applying electron cyclotron heating (ECH) together with continuous NBI heating. It is found that a W46+ line at 7.93 Å is emitted when the central electron temperature ranges around 3.4 keV with relatively high intensity and is isolated from other intrinsic impurity lines. The 7.93 Å line consists of two lines of forbidden transitions which are blended with each other; an electric quadrupole (E2) transition at 7.928 Å and a magnetic octupole (M3) transition at 7.938 Å. Observation of W46+ lines in the stellarator experiments is reported for the first time in the present study while the lines have been already observed in several tokamak experiments. The electron temperature dependence of the emission intensity of the 7.93 Å line agreed well with that of the fractional abundance of W46+ ions calculated using the ionization and recombination rate coefficients available in the ADAS database under the assumption of the collisional ionization equilibrium. The 7.93 Å line observed in this study will be used as tools for further spectroscopic researches, such as the measurements of spatial profile of W46+ ions using a space-resolved EUV spectrometer developed in LHD.
Numerical investigation of the Adomian-based methods with w-shaped optical solitons of Chen-Lee-Liu equation
Authors: Mohammed A S H F , Bakodah H O
Published: December 2020

The present paper computationally examines the w-shaped solitary wave solutions for an important type of nonlinear Schrödinger equation that appeared in 1979 called the Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation by proposing two recursive schemes. The schemes are based on the famous Adomian’s efficient decomposition technique. We successfully simulated the two proposed schemes with the aid of mathematical software and established a comparative analysis. It is noted from the present study that the improved method performs better than the classical method at different time levels. This is in fact in conformity with most of the results in the related literature. We finally present tables and a series of figures to support the presented results.
Entanglement created in scattering processes
Authors: Karlsson Erik B
Published: December 2020

Quantum entanglement is a basic ingredient in the formalism of quantum mechanics and was held by Heisenberg as its most emblematic feature. But although all its consequences could be foreseen from the start, it took half a century before experiments were carried out to test its more intriguing predictions. One reason was that sufficiently sensitive tools, like lasers, were not yet available, but there was also a lack of interest and imagination among theoreticians, who did not realize its full potential. When experiments were finally realized and opened a ‘weird and ghostlike quantum world’, they were first met with surprise and doubt. In the first experiments on entanglement it was purposely created (using chain-decays or down-conversion), but entanglement is actually a ubiquitous phenomenon appearing in most physical processes, although surviving over so short time-scales that it is usually not observed. The present work deals with ‘measurement-induced entanglement’ in scattering, and starts with a process where its effects can actually be studied in the sub-femtosecond range in a time-resolved manner, the Compton scattering of neutrons. Based on results from this method, the conditions for observing similar effects in other scattering processes are discussed. First, the mechanisms for entanglement creation by a scattering particle are mentioned, then the conditions for observing measurable consequences of it on scattering cross-sections: a very limited number of scattering centers, large zero-point motions of the scatterers and no strong interaction with environment which leads to decoherence.
Scrutinizing the heterogeneous spreading of COVID-19 outbreak in large territorial countries
Authors: da Silva Rafael M , Mendes Carlos F O , Manchein Cesar
Published: December 2020

After the spread of COVID-19 out of China, the evolution of the pandemic has shown remarkable similarities and differences between countries around the world. Eventually, such characteristics are also observed between different regions of the same country. Herewith, we introduce a general method that allows us to compare the evolution of the pandemic in different localities inside a large territorial country: in the case of the present study, Brazil. To evaluate our method, we study the heterogeneous spreading of the COVID-19 outbreak until May 30th, 2020, in Brazil and its 27 federative units, which has been seen as the current epicenter of the pandemic in South America. Each one of the federative units may be considered a cluster of interacting people with similar habits and distributed to a highly heterogeneous demographic density over the entire country. Our first set of results regarding the time-series analysis shows that: (i) a power-law growth of the cumulative number of infected people is observed for federative units of the five regions of Brazil; and (ii) the distance correlation calculated between the time series of the most affected federative units and the curve that describes the evolution of the pandemic in Brazil remains about 1 over most of the time, while such quantity calculated for the federative units with a low incidence of newly infected people remains about 0.95. In the second set of results, we focus on the heterogeneous distribution of the confirmed cases and deaths. By applying the epidemiological susceptible-infected-recovered-dead model we estimated the effective reproduction number (ERN)

R

e

during the pandemic evolution and found that: (i) the mean value of

R

e

for the eight most affected federative units in Brazil is about 2; (ii) the current value of

R

e

for Brazil is greater than 1, which indicates that the epidemic peak is far off; and (iii) Ceará was the only federative unit for which the current

R

e

<
1

. Based on these findings, we projected the effects of increase or decrease of the ERN and concluded that if the value of

R

e

increases 20%, not only the peak might grow at least 40% but also its occurrence might be anticipated, which hastens the collapse of the public health-care system. In all cases, keeping the ERN 20% below the current value can save thousands of people in the long term.
Research on Customer Relationship of Power Marketing Based on Clustering Model of Internet
Authors: Tian Hao Jie
Published: December 2020

After entering the new century, information technology and Internet technology have developed rapidly, and the application of network technology has become more and more widely used. In the power marketing relationship, the adoption of new technologies has become increasingly important for the management of customer relationship. This paper combines the concept of difference degree in data mining clustering analysis algorithm to design an evaluation tool suitable for this model. The degree of difference in cluster analysis of data mining is used to describe the similarity between two objects. When the attribute values of the description object are different, the calculation method of the difference degree is also different. In the field of clustering analysis problems, a method for calculating the degree of difference has been proposed for the problem of two-dimensional variable high-dimensional sparse clustering.
Design of wearable squat booster for automobile assembler based on ergonomics
Authors: Chen Zhewen , Qiao Zhifeng , Bao Tianxu , Dou Fuchao , Chen Xinpu
Published: December 2020

Aiming at the problem that automobile assembler need to squat for a long time, a wearable squatting assistance system with low cost, simple control and easy to squat and walk is designed. Based on ergonomics and finite element theory, UG was used to draw a three-dimensional solid model of the wearable squatting power system for automobile assemblers. With the help of ANSYS software, the statics analysis of key components is carried out to check their strength and stiffness. It is concluded that the wearable squatting power assist device for automotive fitters based on ergonomics has reached the design requirements in terms of function use and strength and stiffness.
Research on Regeneration Technology of Internal Combustion Engine Lubricating Oil
Authors: Yuan Zhong-Da , Li Hang , Cheng Xiu-Quan , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2020

This paper studies the high efficiency regeneration technology of waste lubricating oil and the development of related equipment, to provide the necessary technical support for the high efficiency regeneration of waste lubricating oil, and make the technology obtain the commercial promotion. After the completion of the project, the waste lubricating oil can be purified and recycled to meet the requirements of national standards and actual use needs. The treated recycled lubricating oil can function normally and can be used directly again.
Research on CNC Machining Technology of the Upper Shell of Electro-hydraulic Servo Valve
Authors: Guo Jingjie , Ma Shaojie , Zhang Xiangjin , Han Xianghui
Published: December 2020

The CNC machining technology of the upper shell of electro-hydraulic servo valve is complex, and the machining accuracy is required to be high. According to the existing cutting tools and machine tools, the CNC machining process with CNC lathe and 4-axis machining center is designed. First of all, the aluminum alloy blank is roughened and finished on the CNC lathe. After the processing is completed, the two ends of the blank are processed on the CNC lathe, and rough milling, fine milling, drilling and boring processing are carried out with the 4-axis machining center. After the 3D CAD model of the upper shell is constructed, the tool path of rough machining and finish machining is generated by MasterCAM software, and then the G code is generated by the post processor and input to the machining center for machining. The NC machining technology of the upper shell can effectively improve the machining efficiency and accuracy.
Modified gravitational search algorithm and its application to structural damage detection
Authors: Guo Huiyong , Wei Jiaheng
Published: December 2020

Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is a novel intelligent optimization algorithm, which can be used in damage detection field. Considering it is difficult for the traditional GSA to avoid the problems of early precocity and low computational efficiency, a modified GSA is proposed to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy. First, Newton’s gravity law is described. Then, a gravitational search algorithm is introduced for damage detection and a modified gravitational search algorithm is proposed to enhance the search efficiency and accuracy. Finally, the objective function based on modal flexibility is proposed, and the modified gravitational search algorithm combined with the model updating technique is presented to detect the damage location and severity. A numerical example is given to verity the effectiveness of this algorithm. The calculated results show that the modified gravitational search algorithm can effectively detect the damage location and severity.
Effects of Cu element and heat treatment process on microstructures and properties of 6016 aluminum alloy
Authors: Kong Deming , Li Anmin , Yu Rao , Lu Bo , Wang Linzhong , Zuo Tianchen , Wei Shanjun
Published: December 2020

The 6016 aluminum alloy was artificially aged at different aging temperatures and time. The effects of Cu on microstructures, hardness, tensile properties and corrosion resistance of 6016 aluminum alloy were studied. The results show that the grains of the alloy added Cu are refined and new phase Q (AlCuMgSi) appears, and the mechanical properties of the alloy in T4p state are improved and the time to reach the strength peak is shortened. The intergranular corrosion resistance of the alloy decreases with the aging time, and turns to pitting corrosion in the later stage, and it suggests that the intergranular corrosion resistance of 6016 aluminum alloy added Cu is reduced.
Design of Fractional-Order PID for Stabilized Sight System via Internal Model Control Approach
Authors: Zhang Yaqiong , Guo Jiandu , Zhou Jing , Liu Yi
Published: December 2020

This paper aims at the problem of accuracy reduction of stabilized sight system caused by uncertain factors and disturbances under complex working conditions. Here, a fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller design method based on internal model control (IMC) approach is proposed for stabilized sight system. First, the IMC-PID is constructed by IMC approach, and then the fractional order is added to its differential and integral terms to obtain the FOPID. The traditional FOPID requires five parameters for tuned, while the proposed FOPID has only three tuning parameters, which can be obtained through the CRONE control technology. The optimal rational approximation algorithm (ORAA) with a high degree of fit is used to approximate the fractional-order calculus operator. Matlab simulation experiments show that the proposed controller outperforms other controllers and can obtain good robustness, disturbance rejection and tracking performance.
A New Design Of Navigation Light Using Wave Energy
Authors: Li Yuze
Published: December 2020

Numerous floating beacon lights are distributed along the coast and inland waterways. Beacon light is a kind of traffic light that is installed on some beacon to provide safety for ships traveling at night. Beacon lights mostly use batteries as power sources, and some use wind and mechanical energy to convert into electrical energy. Large lighthouses mostly use diesel engines. As a renewable and clean energy, wave energy provides a new solution to the continuous power supply needs of floating beacon lights. We have designed a new beacon light device using wave energy. The device uses low-frequency irregular wave energy to convert to high-frequency stable mechanical vibration required for power generation, and then uses piezoelectric power generation technology to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and store it to power the floating navigation light.
Design of Robot System for Cleaning Glass Curtain Wall
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Meng Fanzhao , Yang Yonghai
Published: December 2020

The glass curtain wall has good heat preservation and moisture-proof performance and beautiful appearance. It is used as exterior wall decoration in high-rise buildings, its cleaning work is difficult and dangerous. In this paper, the design research of the glass curtain wall cleaning robot is carried out, and a rail-type glass curtain wall cleaning robot is designed, which is mainly composed of a detachable rail and a robot, and is controlled by a 51 microcomputer. The three-dimensional design of the cleaning robot was performed using NX software, and a model prototype was produced. This robot is light in weight and flexible in control. It is suitable for cleaning operations of large glass curtain walls and can reduce the risk factor and labor intensity of cleaning operations.
Research Into The Failure By A Brake Accumulator of A Civil Aircraft to Release Pressure
Authors: Jia Zhou
Published: December 2020

This document, based on a specific type of aircraft, analyzes the incomplete pressure release by the brake accumulator when the brake pedal performs the brake during the flight test, identifies the root cause, as well as finding the final solution. It can be viewed as a significant guide in flight testing or airline operations.
A review on the effect of microstructure on hydrogen induced cracking behaviour in pipeline and pressure vessel steels
Authors: Fan Yanqiu , Ma Changwen , Li Shaopo , Ding Wenhua , Zhang Hai
Published: December 2020

Recently, the demand for energy is increasingly higher, and to meet the demand, more pipeline and pressure vessels are used to transport and store energy. Steels served in such environment need to have basic mechanical property, as well as excellent hydrogen induced cracking performance. Because hydrogen induced cracking failure will not only cause huge economic losses, but also have a harmful impact on the environment, it is necessary to study the impact of hydrogen induced cracking on steel and how hydrogen induced cracking occurs and expands. In this paper, the most important factor affecting hydrogen induced cracking, microstructure, was introduced.
Vehicle Exhaust Gas Treatment And Energy Recovery And Utilization Device Based On Turbine Dynamic And Static Cascade
Authors: Wu Yihao
Published: December 2020

At present, the energy utilization efficiency of automobile engines is generally low. Only about 1/3 of the chemical energy released by engine fuel is effectively used. Most of the energy is lost or discharged into the atmosphere in the form of waste heat, which causes a great waste of energy. Based on the above problems, this work proposes a device for the purification of automobile exhaust gas and the efficient use of automobile residual energy. This design effectively increases the contact area of the harmful gas and the catalyst and improves the catalytic efficiency. At the same time, a thermoelectric power generation system is arranged in the electrostatic precipitator room, which converts the heat energy of automobile engine exhaust into electrical energy, and realizes energy recovery and utilization. The device of the invention realizes the recycling of the exhaust energy of the engine exhaust, effectively solves the defects existing in the traditional three-way catalyst, and reduces the pollution and harm caused by the exhaust gas.
Prediction Model and Simulation Analysis of the Speed of the Curve Based on the Cooperation of People and Vehicle
Authors: Yu Qiqi , Wang Jianfeng , Wang Yanxia
Published: December 2020

Curve is the accident road section, reducing the speed of vehicles in curve is an effective measure to reduce traffic accidents. How to predict the speed of vehicles in the safe curve is the basis of vehicle active control. In this paper, the vehicle dynamics model and the curve speed prediction model based on the cooperation of people and vehicles are established. Based on this model, the simulation analysis of the curve speed prediction is carried out, and the safe speed of the vehicle under different loading mass and road adhesion coefficient is obtained. (Abstract)
Corrosion Behavior of AlN-MgO Composite in High Temperature Lithium Vapor
Authors: Wen Bo , Chen Haozhi , Li Baorang
Published: December 2020

The corrosion behavior of lithium vapor on AlN composites with three different compositions prepared via plasma assisted sintering in lithium vapor was studied at 550°C. Depending upon the SEM&XRD observations, it is inferred that both MgO and Y2O3 have influences on the corrosion resistance of the composites. The presence of Y2O3 in the composites can adjust the distribution of precipitation phase on the sample surface while the increased content of MgO contributes to a relatively weak corrosion resistance. Among the three composites, the sample with AlN-25%wt MgO-3%wt Y2O3 has the worst corrosion ability.
Effect of the arc profile roll gap on forming results in flexible rolling process
Authors: Yang Yi-xue , Wang Tian-peng , Li Yi
Published: December 2020

Flexible rolling is a new-style process, it is suitable to produce the small batch and various size forming parts. In this paper, a new design scheme of roll gap was applied to form spherical surface. Two arc with different curvature radius are used as the upper and lower profile of the roll gap. Theoretically, the smooth and continuous arc can’t cause instability and wrinkling in the local area of sheet metal. Based on the process of flexible rolling, the finite element model was established, and the boundary conditions were determined. The forming process of spherical surface formed by arc profile roll gap was simulated. The results show that: By simulating forming process, the forming part is smooth without forming defects, the forming quality is better, it verifies the feasibility of the application.
Study on abnormal noise of leather of car shift mask based on FAT
Authors: Zhang Weizhong , Zhang Jun , Li Hongling
Published: December 2020

Shift cover problem is one of the hot issues of car interior trim. Based on the theory of fault tree analysis, a fault tree model of a family car was established, and various influencing factors were analyzed in detail. By optimizing the leather production process, the NVH performance of the whole vehicle is improved, which provides a reference basis for solving similar problems in engineering.
Study on the correlation of key indicators of P.O42.5 cement
Authors: Su Zhonghua , Fan Lichang , Liang Bo , Deng Xiaodong , Deng Xipeng
Published: December 2020

The development history and social contribution of cement were briefly described. The physical and chemical indexes of P.O42.5 cement were tested according to GB 175-2007 standard. The correlation of coagulation time, strength and chemical index was analyzed. The results showed that the final coagulation time was closely and positively correlated with the initial coagulation time, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9572. The 28-day compressive strength doesn’t have obvious correlation with final setting time, loss on ignition, MgO content and SO3 content.
Study on Mechanical Properties of PVA Modified Cement-based Composites Mixed with Silane Emulsion after Temperature Effect
Authors: Li Li
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the basic performance of PVA modified cement-based composite materials, including mechanical properties, durability, and interface bonding issues. The purpose of this article is to clarify the mechanical properties of the modified material and lay the foundation for further optimization of the material ratio. Therefore, the main points of preparation of PVA modified cement-based composite material mixed with silane emulsion in this paper include testing raw materials, design of material mixing ratio, processing of specimen forming process, determination of slump of materials, pouring and maintenance of specimens, etc. the study. And through the study of the material’s flexural strength, load-displacement curve, material’s compressive strength, material’s toughness index, splitting tensile strength, specimen failure form and other mechanical properties analysis.
Numerical simulation and experiment of dimple for flexible clamp multi-point stretch forming of spherical part
Authors: Peng Heli , Liu Haijian , Chen Xu , Han Xing
Published: December 2020

The structural character of flexible clamp stretch forming machine is introduced. The real stress and strain curve of Aluminium alloy 2024-O is tested by uniaxial tensile. Numerical simulation of dimple for spherical part with flexible clamp multi-point stretch forming (FCMPSF) is carried out by ABAQUS, and the generated result of dimple is elaborated. The effects of transitional length, sheet thickness and spherical radius on dimple are investigated by lots of numerical simulations, and the thickness strain of spherical part along the objective line ef with different forming suitation is extracted. Then polyurethane sheet is chosen as elastic cushion to depress dimple, and series of numerical simulations are put forward for spherical part of FCMPSF with different thicknesses of polyurethane sheet. Finally, FCMPSF experiment is done and forming precision is measured. Consequently, the spherical part has good forming shape and surface accuracy, which illustrates that the FCMPSF technology is feasible and practional to forming three-dimensional surface part.
Method of simulation modeling and computing analysis for tube bending
Authors: Hong Liu , Gao Juntao , Chen Haojie , Hu Wenhao
Published: December 2020

Simulation of thin-walled tube bending process not only results in a large amount of calculation due to its high nonlinearity, but also leads to its non-uniqueness in simulation modeling because of the particularity and diversity of the mandrel structure. The paper proposes a method for the simulation analysis of molding process of tube bends, which combines coordinate translation with mass scaling and is called the equivalent method, and gives out super-elastic mandrel model describing working state of mandrel more reasonable. It deduces the basic formula of the equivalent method which takes transformation of time coordinate, meanwhile keeps spatial coordinates not transform, and controls the calculation amount by controlling the time of banding molding and time step of recursive solving. It validates correctness and validity of the equivalent method and the mandrel model, which shows that the super-elastic mandrel models could avoid blindness, and the equivalent method greatly raises the simulation efficiency, and has enough analysis precision.
Determination of Methimazole by Potassium Permanganate Spectrophotometry
Authors: Tu Changqing , Wen Xinrong
Published: December 2020

In H2SO4 medium, oxidation-reduction reaction can be happened between methimazole and potassium permanganate, which results in the fading of potassium permanganate solution. The Beer’s law is obeyed between the concentration of methimazoletea and the decrease value of absorbance, and the content of methimazoletea can be indirectly measured by measuring the decrease value of absorbance. A new method for the determination of methimazoletea by potassium permanganate spectrophotometry is established. The optimum conditions for the determination of methimazoletea is confirmed. The maximum absorption wavelength of the discoloring system is 525 nm. In the range of 0.001600-0.009600 mg/mL, the linear regression equation is ΔA=-0.0061+34.518C (mg/mL), and the linear correlation coefficient of 0.9992. This method is applied to the determination of methimazole in drugs, and the results are satisfactory.
A Study on rational well spacing for Producing Evaluation and Solution Scheme of the Water Injection in Northern Daqing Blocks
Authors: Zhang Yanyan
Published: December 2020

The inter of daqing oil field has already entered the period of high water cut,with the deepening of oil and gas field development technology,the current water flooding development objects in the high and moderate permeableness layers gradually transformed into poor thin layers, such reservoirs with the complicated structure have poor development benefits, but the remaining reserves of several million tons of the demonstrated reserves mainly exist in low permeability poor thin layers. The development well pattern deployment of thin and poor pay zones still have the problems of the imperfectly injection-prodction relation, poor water flooding wells driving, and low producing degree,and it is still difficult to employ the reservoirs with poor development. In order to improve the effect of oil development,and enhance the producing degree of low poor thin reservoirs with permeability,so that it can establish the effective driving energy system,the research on effective producing limitation and technology policy limitation of thin and poor pay zones need to strengthen. Through a lot of research abroad effective producing and rational development technology policy limitation research results on the thin and poor pay zones, based on the basis of previous word, the paper study the microscopic pore structure of thin and poor layers, and compares with the thick reservoirs, while carrying out the research on effective producing limitation and development technology policy limitation of thin and poor layers. On the basis of the standard model fitting the paper analyzed the plane and vertical distribution characteristics of the remaining and also discussed the rational well spacing for producing evaluation.
A study on the Mechanical Stability of Strings of Thermal Production Wells in Steam Injection
Authors: Shao Bing , Wang Xiaomei , Yan Yifei , Yan Xiangzhen
Published: December 2020

Considering the complex conditions in the thermal production wells with steam injection and the stress variation of the casing strings during the operation which is not fully taken into account in strings design, a study on mechanical stability of strings with complex constraints in well completion is conducted. A stress computing model for the strings under the complex constraints is deduced and built. Making the real horizontal-thermal well B05-P2 as an example, the effects from the intricate conditions including well structure and high temperature steam on the stability of the pipe string are studied.
R&D Investment Strategies for New Energy Vehicles Firm Based on Consumers’ Preference and Government Subsidy
Authors: Wang Y , Meng W D , Li Y Y , Huang B , Wang C Y
Published: December 2020

Under the assumption that the emergence and expansion of the new energy vehicles market is due to consumer groups entering market sequentially, and the size and characteristics of each consumer group are different, this paper proposes the R&D investment model of a new energy vehicles firm based on product subsidy. The firm’s optimal R&D investment and pricing strategies are given through theoretic analysis. It is found that when the initial value of the firm’s marginal profits is positive, the optimal R&D investment strategy is to make its marginal profits equal zero if its R&D funds is sufficient enough, otherwise, the optimal R&D investment strategy is its whole R&D funds. And when the initial value of the firm’s marginal profits is non-positive, its optimal R&D investment strategy is zero. It is also found that there is a crowding-in effect of product subsidy on the firm’s R&D investment under two conditions: only if the unit product subsidy is large enough when the firm doesn’t conduct R&D without subsidy, and if only the firm has surplus R&D funds when the firm has conducted R&D without subsidy.
China’s Development on New Energy Vehicle Battery Industry: Based on Market and Bibliometrics
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Yingqi , Pang Beibei
Published: December 2020

The continuous deterioration of environmental problems and the energy crisis has prompted countries and regions to increase research and development and support for new energy vehicles (NEV). NEV’s battery as the core components play an essential role in the cruising range and manufacturing cost in terms of energy, specific power, new materials, and battery safety. In order to know the development of NEV’s batteries, as well as research hotspots and technology trends, this paper analyses the market performance and technology trend of China NEV’s battery industry. Firstly, this paper analyses the policy and market, then clarify the macro environment of China’s NEV battery industry development. Secondly, this paper uses CITESPACE software to analyze the scientific knowledge of the literature data, such as research hotspots, research institutions, and technology development trends. In the end, this paper proposes policy recommendations for the future development of China’s NEV’s battery industry from the perspectives of technology, market, and industrial chain.
Characterization of Electrical Quantities of a Grape Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: See S C , Mercado M M , Corpuz J Z , Balbin J , Chua E
Published: December 2020

A significant solution to the current global energy demand worldwide is the advancement of renewable energy, and one of these major renewable resources is the conversion of solar energy to electricity that is made possible by solar cells. In this study, the electrical quantities of a dye-sensitized solar cell were characterized to determine its efficiency, which is usually the main basis for this prototype. The researchers used a grape dye-sensitized solar cell composed of conductive glass as the photo-electrode, titanium dioxide (TiO2) sensitized with grape anthocyanin ethanol-based dye, KI3 electrolyte, and conductive glass with carbon as the counter-electrode. In characterizing the electrical quantities, the room temperature, lux level, and cell size were held constant at 23°C, 1500 lux, and 2.032cm x 1.524cm as controlled testing parameters. The researchers determined the voltage (Voc) and current (Isc) by using open and short circuit tests. The measured values were: 0.43 V; 0.40 V; 0.40 V; 0.45 V; 0.41 V and 41 µA; 38 µA; 35µA; 41µA; 39µA respectively. The computed efficiency of the cells were 1.22%, 1.05%, 0.94%, 1.29%, and 1.11% respectively.
Using High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor for Seawater Desalination: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Al-Saud Mishari , Chao Fang
Published: December 2020

Freshwater availability is a global concern. Thus seawater desalination became a variable solution to that issue. However, most desalination plants are powered by fossil-based energy. That fact drove many countries to find an alternative solution in which nuclear desalination became a consideration for many countries like Japan and Saudi Arabia. Different approaches were considered regarding nuclear-desalination, one of which using a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTR) as an energy source. This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of using HTR as an energy source for commercial-scale desalination. The findings show the most critical challenges and opportunities related to the technological, economic, social, environmental, regulatory, and infrastructural aspects of HTR-Desalination.
Study of Climate Effect on the Atmospheric Conversion in Coal Mine: A Case Study of Lignite Coal Mine in Thailand
Authors: Inta Thanyalak , Somprasong Komsoon , Huttagosol Panlop
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to simulate the climate effect on the atmospheric conversion in an open pit coal mine during 2016. Climate data, including wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, surface pressure, ceiling height and cloud cover, was collected in order to determine the daily mixing height over the pit area. The model was simulated, using CALMET metrological diagnostic model with 50 x 50 m. resolution grid scale. In this study, the mixing height 225 km2of the operating area in the mine was simulated based on 50x50 resolution). Three meteorological monitoring stations were set up, and upper air data were simulated by WRF model. The simulation assigned 11 vertical layers ranging from 0 to 4,000 m. According to the results of this study, the lowest of mixing height could be detected in the winter season with a downward trend starting from 07.00 PM to 07.00 AM. Conversely, the mixing height varied and gradually increased during daytime, depending on the temperature in that period. The low mixing height indicated air blockage could reduce pollution’s circulation rate in the pit area. This directly affected the health of the people who worked in this mine.
A new approach to the criterion of the liquid-glass transition
Authors: Sanditov D S , Sangadiev S Sh , Darmaev M V
Published: December 2020

A liquid transforms into a frozen glassy state when its cooling rate q = (dT/dt) reaches a certain fraction of Cg of the characteristic cooling rate qg = (Tg/τg), which is closely related to the structure relaxation time τg at the glass transition temperature Tg.
Determination of nanoscale layer thickness adsorbed water liquid by acoustoelectric methods
Authors: Simakov I G , Gulgenov Ch Zh , Bazarova S B
Published: December 2020

It is shown to determine the thickness of the adsorbed liquid layer, it is proposed to use surface acoustic waves (SAW). The relative change in the SAW velocity is proportional to the thickness of the adsorption layer. The constant of proportionality is depending on the acoustic parameters of the solid (adsorbent) and the liquid in the layer. The velocity of sound in an adsorbed liquid depends on the thickness of the layer. For the determination of the velocity of sound in the liquid of the adsorption layer, it is proposed to use an original method based on comparing the parameters of bi-directional (differing in velocity) SAW.
Material Balances Design in the Al2Yb-Al-Al4Sr Subsystem
Authors: Lutsyk V , Zelenaya A , Parfenova M
Published: December 2020

The vertical mass balances - for the given center of masses, and the horizontal ones - for the isothermal state of isopleth, have been analyzed. These results are used for the different purposes: microstructures characterization, solidification paths confirmation, phase regions 3D-prototyping for the exploded diagram. It is once more showed, that a computer assembled model of the T-x-y diagram is a useful tool to solve different fundamental and applied tasks of the materials science.
Terahertz photoconductive antenna with embedded electrodes: simulation and experiment
Authors: Nomoev S , Vasilevskii I , Klochkov A , Vinichenko A , Khartaeva E
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of a terahertz (THz) photoconductive antenna with embedded electrodes by the finite element method. The simulation results indicate the fact that the proposed THz antenna has a higher photocurrent than the conventional photoconductive antenna with conventional electrode contacts. Higher THz power can potentially be obtained using the proposed photoconductive antenna with embedded electrodes. The simulation results show that the electric field strength at the surface is higher for conventional PCA, however, the PCA depth with embedded contacts has a higher electric field strength. The simulation results show that the increase in the photocurrent is directly proportional to the thickness of the embedded contacts. The results of the performed experiments are consistent with the conclusions of the simulation.
Cardiovascular disease prediction using deep learning techniques
Authors: Pasha Syed Nawaz , Ramesh Dadi , Mohmmad Sallauddin , Harshavardhan A. , Shabana
Published: December 2020

Cardiovascular Disease or coronary illness is one of the significant dangerous infections in India as well as in the entire world. It is estimated that 28.1 % of deaths occur due to heart diseases. It is also the major cause for significant number of deaths which as more than 17.6 million in the year 2016. So proper and timely diagnosis, treatment of such diseases require a system that can predict with precise accuracy and reliability. Intensive research is carried out by various researchers using diverse machine learning algorithms to forecast the heart disease taking different datasets which consists of different attributes that result in heart attack. In this paper we analyzed the dataset collected from kaggle which consists of attributes related to heart disease such as age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol and so on. We have also investigated the accuracy levels of various machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Trees (DT). The performance and accuracy of above algorithms is not so well when executed using large dataset, so here we tried to improving the prediction accuracy using Artificial Neural Network(ANN), Tensor Flow Keras.
A Novel Approach for Detection of Counterfeit Indian Currency Notes Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Naresh Kumar S , Singal Gaurav , Sirikonda Shwetha , Nethravathi R.
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the Indian economy has shown rapid growth among all other major economies. India has been tragically reviled with issues like corruption and black currency, fake money notes is additionally major issues to it, in spite of a strong security feature are endorsed by RBI to print original currency. The advancement of color printing technology helped local racketeers and foreign racketeers to print a large amount of counterfeit Indian currency notes in the market. Albeit counterfeit money is being printed with accuracy, it likely is distinguished with some effort. In this paper, the proposed model efficiently detect the counterfeit Indian currency notes by adapting three-layered Deep Convolutional Neural Network (Deep ConvNet), and achieved an accuracy of 96.6%.
Portable manure dispenser machine
Authors: Korra Seena Naik , Sudarshan E , Venkatesulu S , Pramod Kumar P , Yadav Bonthala Prabhanjan
Published: December 2020

In Indian agriculture, farmers usually use the traditional method of transporting manure to the farm by a bullock cart or tractor. Thereafter, agriculture labour’s manually spread the manure through their shovels. This traditional method could take more time, expensive, and moreover it’s unhealthy. These problems can be overcome by automatic fertilizer spraying system using electric motor blades and allowing it to spread uniformly. It’s a portable unit and easily Plug and Play. Here, if the manure must be at least partially dry or completely dry, then it will be easy to spread over there and this manure will be made into smaller particles by the suppressor blades, which will facilitate the spreading mechanism. A special adjustments mechanism has given to spreading blades which can adjustable as per the material. Where the materials are would be either cattle manure or chemical fertilizers or douche. By using this, agricultural manure spreading time, mixing time and making as small particles time and human efforts are reduced greatly and resulting in cost reduction. The goal of this project is to reduce the time and effort required to spread manure on the farm. Most farmers in India, in particular, have adopted the old traditional methods of farming. Here we have found a solution to simplify their work. This makes the farmer feel more comfortable, relaxed and less tired by reducing human efforts due to the constantly spreading activity.