bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drivers of Food Security amongst Plantain Producing Households in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Lilian Ozor, Patience , Phillip B. B. , Sanusi A. A.
Published: August 2023

The agricultural sector in many countries continues to be plagued with diverse challenges which often tend to affect agricultural yield, thus posing a threat to food security. This reduced yield has the potential to pose a threat to achieving global food security. Due to the high occurrence of food insecurity, many households are devising strategies through which they can cope with the adverse effect of food insecurity. This study assessed the factors driving food security among plantain-producing households in Edo State, Nigeria. Primary data was collected in 120 plantain-producing households using a multi-stage random sampling technique and analyzed using the food security index and logit regression model. The households’ food security status was estimated at N555 (approx. $1), based on a daily minimum food bundle of 2260 kcal. The study showed that 46.7% of households were food insecure. The regression analysis for factors influencing food security revealed that older household heads tend to be more food insecure as compared to their younger counterpart. With a positive relationship between farm size and food security, the likelihood of being food secure increases with farm size increase. Similarly, female-headed households are more likely to be food secure. To cope with food insecurity, households have used coping strategies which include eating less of their preferred food, limiting the portion of food, and skipping meals.
Determining Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure with Firm Size as Variable Moderation
Authors: Prabandari Ayu Rinelisa , Fatimah Nurul , Rochayatun Sulis , Sartika Farahiyah
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of managerial ownership, profitability, leverage, and tax aggressiveness moderated by firm size on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure.                  The population in this study comprises energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia                       Stock Exchange (IDX), which have a capitalization value of more than 5,000,000,000. Determining the minimum number of samples using Slovin theory shows that 33 minimum samples must                       be met. The method of determining using purposive sampling with the criteria of energy               companies listed on the IDX and issuing annual and sustainability reports in 2019-2021. The results showed that managerial ownership has a significant effect on CSR disclosure. Profitability has no significant effect on CSR disclosure. Leverage has a significant effect on CSR disclosure. Tax aggressiveness has a significant effect on CSR disclosure. Managerial ownership, profitability, leverage, and tax aggressiveness have significant simultaneous effects moderated by firm                        size on CSR disclosure. Future studies are anticipated to use a bigger sample size because                    this research is still only applicable to one industry, allowing the findings to reflect a wider range of businesses. Additionally, institutional ownership or shares as illustrations of effective corporate management can be introduced as additional variable factors, which may affect the company's CSR disclosure.
The Perception of Librarians on Cloud Computing Technology for Library Service Delivery in Public Universities in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Kolawole Ajayi, Joseph
Published: August 2023

The study examined the perception of librarians on cloud computing technology for library service delivery in public universities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The population of the study comprised of all librarians from the three public universities in the state (27). Descriptive research design of the survey type was used while total enumeration sampling technique was adopted to select all the librarians in the study area as respondents. Self-designed questionnaire was used as the research instrument. Face and contact validity of the instrument was carried out while the reliability yielded coefficient of 0.89 at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that librarians generally had positive perception of the advantages of cloud computing technology for library service delivery, including its potential to improve user experience and facilitate collaboration and resource sharing among libraries. The study concluded that though librarians perceived advantages of the technology to be enormous, yet there were concerns about the risks and challenges associated with cloud computing adoption, such as data security and privacy issues. The study recommended among others that libraries should develop adequate policies and strategies to mitigate these risks and enhance cloud computing adoption.
Analysis of Community Participation Level in Aquaculture in Situraja District, Sumedang Regency
Authors: Sonia Mia , Maulina Ine , Herman Roffi Grandiosa , Gumilar Iwang
Published: August 2023

This research aims to analyze the level of community participation in aquaculture in the Situraja District, Sumedang Regency. The method use in this study is a descriptive with a quantitative approach. The data for this study consists of two types: Primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through written questions using a questionnaire distributed to 50 respondents. The research findings regarding the level of community participation in aquaculture in the Situraja District, Sumedang Regency, indicate an average community participation index of 0.55, which is still considered low. The community participation is at the Informing stage, where information is conveyed to the community. At this level, participation is considered Tokenism. In this stage, the community is merely included for formalities, allowing them to hear and have the right to voice their opinions, but they are not yet actively involved in decision-making.
Analysis of Fisheries Production Center Development in Nila Village, Ciamis Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Gumilar Iwang , Nurhoirunisa Kori , Handaka Asep Agus , Maulina Dan Ine
Published: August 2023

Ciamis Regency is one of the areas that has a large enough fishery potential of 51,626 tons. The potential of the area that is owned is able to make a force for the development of the Ciamis Regency area. This study aims to analyze potential problems and issues by providing a strategy that must be applied. This research uses a case study method. Data were obtained from related agencies, the results of interviews and filling out questionnaires directly to cultivators. The analysis used is SWOT analysis. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, the chosen strategy is the SO strategy, which is included in the aggressive strategy, which means that Kampung Nila Kawali can maximize existing strengths and take advantage of opportunities. The chosen strategy for the development of the kawali fishing village includes (1). Carry out or intensify available cultivation land through the use of government assistance, (2). Applying the latest cultivation technology through training activities (3). Perform certification of tilapia broodstock and seeds.
Optimal Weeding Interval for Grevillea robusta Nursery Seedlings
Authors: Inoti Shadrack Kinyua , Ocholla Jemimah Achieng
Published: August 2023

Weeding for young tree seedlings is critical for their growth. Weeds offer stiff competition for water, nutrients, light and space with the companion crops. Most tree nurseries do not have a formal weeding interval, hence the need for the current research. A nursery experiment was set up to investigate the best weeding interval for Grevillea robusta seedlings for a period of 8 months in Njoro, Kenya. The experiment was laid down in a RCBD with 4 treatments replicated 3 times. The treatments were as follows: Continuous weeding, 1-month weeding interval, 2-months weeding interval and non-weeding. Data was analyzed using ANOVA while LSD was applied to separate the significantly different treatments at P<.05. Results showed that survival for non-weeding (83.33%) was significantly lower (P =.04) compared with 1-month and 2-months weeding interval (100.00 and 96.67%) respectively. Continuous weeding and 1-month weeding interval showed significantly higher height (23.00 and 25.27cm) respectively compared with 2-months weeding interval and non-weeding (17.67 and 13.83cm) respectively. On the other hand, 1-month weeding interval showed the highest root length (22.67cm) which was significantly different (P=.05) compared with non-weeding (15.67cm). Root biomass was significantly higher (P=.02) for 1-month weeding interval (4.67g) compared with non-weeding (2.50g). Grevillea robusta seedlings should be weeded at an interval of one month during the nursery period in order to attain favorable growth. Non-weeding compromises the seedling growth due to severe competition from weeds. Even though continuous weeding favors seedling growth, it is not economical due to high labor demand. Further research should be conducted using different soil mixtures and other species.
An Evaluation of Farmers Perception on the Effects of Variability in Rainfall and Temperature on Goat and Finger Millet Farming in Baringo County - Kenya
Authors: Masinde Indiatsy Christopher , Mamboleo Dennis , Nyantika Daniel
Published: August 2023

Climate is subject to variations in many parts of world, exhibited by mainly rainfall and temperature fluctuations. The variability in Africa has resulted in the spread of desert conditions in the Sahel. Kenya experiences great variations of climate annually and considerable uncertainty when rains are expected, impacting negatively on farming activities. The objective of the study was to evaluate the farmer’s perception of the effects of variability in rainfall and temperature on goat and finger millet farming in Baringo County. The study adopted a cross sectional survey which is a descriptive design. The sample size was 384 households derived from a target population of 555,507 using Webster (1995) formulae. Both stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 384 households. Prospect theory guided the study. Primary Data collection tools included questionnaires, Key informants, focus Group discussions, Observation and photography. To ascertain reliability and validity of the research instruments, a pilot study was conducted where a reliability coefficient of 0.7 was deemed acceptable. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and standard deviation were used to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed by coding patterns and themes then evaluating it into useful information. Results indicated that climate variability has severe and adverse effects on finger millet and goat production. Pre-drought planning to cope up or overcome the effects of droughts were highly recommended and measures provided. The study findings are expected to help farmers, the government and economic planners to focus on effective mitigation areas, formulate alternative policies on mitigating the effect of rainfall and temperature variability on activities of farming in Baringo County.
A Comparative Analysis of Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Eight Seeds Used as Native Medicine in West Africa
Authors: Ahajumobi N. E. , Oparaocha E. T.
Published: August 2023

Background: Rising cost of healthcare globally has prompted governments to seek for ways to treat diseases and reduce costs, plants products offers hope.

Aims: To technically conduct a comparative investigation of the nutritional and chemical composition of eight seeds used for treating diseases in West Africa. To determine edibility, suggest new food, prompt suitable choices and provide easy access of consensus evidence to busy healthcare professional.

Place and Duration of Study: Dept of Public Health, College of Health Science, Walden University, Minneapolis, USA, and Dept of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria between September 2022 and June 2023; research collaboration.

Methodology: A systematic review supported by a community approach to intervention services theory was used to determine seeds’ composition. Search engines used, Google, Google scholar, Fire fox, and Safari.

Results: Macro and micronutrients are predominantly present. Only three seeds are consumed as food, the rest are thrashed, and some do not have enough evidence as much as modern medicine is concerned; thus, authors goal is education of both health practitioners and the public about the seeds’ nutritional usefulness. Highest concentration of carbohydrates, 78.49% occurred in Chrysophillum albidum, while Plukenatia conophora ranked last, Tetrapleura tetraptera shows highest protein, while Magnifiera indica scored last, 5.67%. Carica papaya contains the highest fat, 28.3%, with Plukenatia conophora ranking last, 4.28%. Fibre concentration in Annona muricata was high, 35.20%, while Magnifera indica scored the least, 2.35%. Ash level in Tetrapleura tetraptera was highest, 5.59%, least amount occurred in Chrysophyllum albidum, 0.84%. Picralima nitida showed the highest energy level, 1468 Kcal/100 g, Magnifiera indica scored the least, 32.51 Kcal/100 g. Outcome would be beneficial to users.

Conclusion: The seeds are rich in nutrients, which link them to health control.
Performance of Different Varieties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition
Authors: Ashish  , Topno Samir Ebson , Kerketta Anita
Published: August 2023

Eight cucumber varieties were evaluated at SHUATS, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh, in randomized block design with three replications during summer season-2022 for growth, yield and fruit quality traits. The variety AGRI GREEN gave maximum mean value for maximum vine length (217.33cm), number of primary branches (5.67), number of nodes per plant (39.10), Days to first female flower appearance and node to first female flower appearance were minimum and that was about (50.76) and (4.33) respectively, fruit length and weight with (15.83cm) and (126.00gm) respectively), node number at which first female flower appears (4.33), number of female flowers per Plant (16.37),  fruit yield/ha (164.10 q/ha), number of fruits per plant (13.30), TSS (4.20 oBrix), was observed in same variety. The maximum fruit diameter was found in SS-100 (45.50 mm). AGRI GREEN was found superior based on overall performance in terms of growth, yield, and quality parameters. The study revealed that, these varieties of cucumber provide high benefit to the farmers through easy cultivation, better stress tolerance, diseases resistance and higher yields.
Genetic Studies for Determination of Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties under Saline Conditions Pooled Over Seasons
Authors: Anbuselvam Y. , Sruthi S. R. , Kumar N. Laleeth , Ivin J. Johnny Subakar , Williams Greetty , Joshi J. L.
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted on 50 rice genotypes to evaluate the pooled correlation and path analysis of various biometrical traits viz., fifty percent flowering, plant height, panicle length, number of tillers per panicle, number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, 100 seed weight with seed yield per plant of three seasons under salinity. The analysis of variance pooled over seasons revealed that all eight traits were highly significant thus indicating the existence of high genetic variability among the genotypes for all the traits and suggest the possibility of improving yield under saline condition. The pooled correlation analysis indicated that seed yield per plant has exhibited significant positive correlation with total number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length and number of seeds per panicle. Thus, selection pressure could be applied for increasing the seed yield per plant under saline situation. From the path analysis studies, it was understood that the characters viz., number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length and number of seeds per panicle might be applied with selection pressure directly or indirectly to improve seed yield per plant and the characters studied for seed yield per plant is sufficient and sufficiently control the expression of seed yield in rice under saline situation due to their low residual effect.
A Rare Case of Leiomyomatosis Peritonalis Disseminata
Authors: Ezeigwe Chijioke O. , Okudo Uchenna D. , Ekwebene Onyeka C. , Egwuatu Emmanuel C. , Anyiam Daniel C. , Okudo Jerome C. , Ibidapo-Obe Oyetokunbo , Eleje George U. , Oguejiofor Charlotte B. , Obi Nkejesus C. , Nwodo Victor K.
Published: August 2023

Leiomyomatosis Peritonalis Disseminata (LPD), also known as disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis is an extremely rare disease in women and men where there is a rapid increase in peritoneal and subperitoneal nodules mainly of smooth muscle cells. It is a benign condition, however, its diagnosis can mimic or degenerate into peritoneal leiomyosarcoma, making the diagnosis tricky. In addition, clinical manifestations can be very nonspecific.

We discuss the case of a 38-year-old  nulliparous patient  who presented to the clinic with a 2-year history of lower abdominal swelling and a 5-month history of severe menorrhagia. Intraoperative findings showed an enlarged uterus with  subserosal fibroids and several  deposits on the serosa and intestines. The patient had Total hysterectomy and bilateral-salpingoophorectomy. Because malignant transformation has been reported to potentially occur almost 10 years from initial diagnosis, patients should be monitored by repeat ultrasound scans.
Response of Enriched Biochar and Vermicompost on Nutrient and Seed Quality by Sweet Corn
Authors: Singh Shobhana , Chaturvedi Sumit , Dhyani V. C.
Published: August 2023

Sweet corn is a short-season crop, thus it requires a balanced nutrient supply to ensure adequate crop uptake. Enriched biochar with inorganic fertilizer produces a balanced nutrient by maintaining an inorganic nutrient in the soil and enhancing crop return. The study was carried out in 2020-21 at the CRC, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to investigate the effect of enriched biochar or vermicompost with micronutrients and inorganic nutrients on crop nutrition and seed quality. A randomized block design experiment with three replications was carried out consist eight treatments (control, 100% RDF, 75 and 100% RDF + enriched biochar @ 2t/ha, 75% RDF + enriched biochar @ 2t/ha + micronutrient mixture, 75 and 100% RDF with vermicompost @ 4t/ha, and 75% RDF with vermicompost @ 4t/ha + micronutrient mixture). Treatment 4 (100% RDF + EB @ 2t/ha) produced the maximum yield, nutrient absorption, and quality. As a consequence, a combination of enriched biochar and inorganic produced good results in sweet corn. It is advised that sweet corn be grown in a combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers.
Impact of Electronic Banking on Deposit Money Banks Performance in Nigeria: Evidence from Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares Technique
Authors: Ezie Obumneke , Musa Irimiya Christabel , Joshua Jeremiah Dandaura
Published: August 2023

The importance of electronic banking and its performance can never be overemphasized and technology industries made it effective and efficient in carrying out transactions on a daily basis. On this note, the paper investigated the empirical effect of electronic banking on bank performance in Nigeria from 2009Q1 to 2023Q1. The paper adopted Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique and the variables include the dependent variable, return on assets (ROA) while the independent variables include point of sales (POS) and cheque (CHQS). The coefficient of the total number of point of sales transactions (POS) coefficient is directly related to electronic banking on bank performance long-run in Nigeria. The result reveals that there is a statistical and positive effect of electronic banking on bank performance on the return of assets (ROA) in Nigeria.  On the other hand, the coefficient of total transactions carried out on the cheques (CHQS) is positively related to electronic banking on bank performance captured by return on assets (ROA). It means a rise in total transactions carried out on the cheques exerts a positive impact on e-banking on bank performance in Nigeria. The paper recommended that government or financial institutions should deploy the right technology that would model the digital global market and banking sector and that banks should encourage the consumers‟ of electronic ways of banking. On the aspect of cheques, therefore, there is a need to develop effective strategies for customers to shift from traditional to electronic banking and discourage the use of cheques.
Epidemiology and Sensitivity to Antibiotics of Uropathogenic Bacteria in Patients at the CHU Ignace Deen National Hospital in Conakry, Guinea
Authors: Camara Taliby Dos , Makanera Abdoulaye , Rachid Mounaida , Camara Mory
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are caused by the colonisation of the various organs of the urinary tract by microorganisms.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and improve the health care of patients with urinary tract infections.

Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional descriptive study that took place over three months, from 2 February to 2 May 2022.

Results: Bacterial identifications showed a predominance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) with 52%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with 13%, Enteroccus spp., with 9%, Enterobacter cloacae complex (E. cloacae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with 8% each. and the other germs are weakly represented. The antibiogram showed that certain antibiotics were active on the majority of strains, including imipenem (75%), cefoxitin (65%) and ertapenem (64%), amikacin (61%). All age groups were affected by urinary tract infections with a predominance in the age group of 51 years and over (54%), and 25 to 50 years are the most represented in our study with respectively 54% and 28%. The Marital Status shows that Married people were mostly exposed to urinary tract infections with a prevalence of 78%. The distribution according to socio-professional characteristics showed that Housewives were the most represented (30%). The majority of infected patients came from the Commune of Ratoma (35%).

Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are a major public health problem whose health management necessarily involves an antibiogram and possibly the monitoring of hematological parameters.
The Influence of Female Board Member, Political Connections, and Independent Commissioners on Tax Avoidance of Property and Real Estate Companies
Authors: Eoh Tonny Stephanus , Prayoga Nicki Siswandi
Published: August 2023

The objective of this research was to investigate the potential impact of female board member, political connections, and independent commissioners on tax avoidance, with leverage, firm size, and firm age as control variables. The study was carried out on IDX-listed property and real estate firms during the period spanning from 2017 to 2022. The present investigation employs secondary data sourced from property and real estate firms that are indexed on the IDX covering the period from 2017 to 2022. The study utilized a sample of 41 firms operating in the property and real estate sector. The employed methodology involves the utilization of panel data regression analysis through the utilization of the STATA software. The findings of this research indicate that tax avoidance is not influenced by female board member and independent commissioners, whereas political connections have a favorable impact on tax avoidance. Furthermore, it is observed that leverage acts as a control variable and exerts a positive influence on tax avoidance. Conversely, firm size displays a negative impact on tax avoidance, while firm age does not exhibit any significant effect on tax avoidance.
Cuba e Estados Unidos
Authors: Mata Iacy Maia
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:Ferrer, Ada. Cuba: An American History. Nova York: Scribner, 2021. 560 p.
Expectativas e vivências negras no pós-Abolição em Sergipe
Authors: Amaral Sharyse
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:Domingues, Petrônio (org.). Do cativeiro à cidadania: o pós-abolição em Sergipe. São Cristóvão, SE: Editora UFS, 2022. 333 p.
África não é um continente inerentemente pobre
Authors: Santos Eduardo Antonio Estevam
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:RODNEY, Walter. Como a Europa subdesenvolveu a África. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2022. 352 p.
Em busca de Fanon
Authors: Barbosa Muryatan S.
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:FANON, Frantz. Os condenados da terra. São Paulo: Zahar, 2022. 374 p.
Tributo a um legado voltado ao futuro
Authors: Contel Fabio Betioli
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:VASCONCELOS, Pedro de Almeida. O universo conceitual de Milton Santos. Curitiba: Editora CRV. 2020. 216 p.
Banzeiro, rebojo
Authors: Almeida Mauro
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:BRUM, Eliane. Banzeiro Òkòtó: uma viagem à Amazônia Centro do Mundo. São Paulo Companhia das Letras, 2021. 448p
avesso da pele, o luto e a melancolia
Authors: Carvalho Franklin
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:TENÓRIO, Jeferson. O avesso da pele. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2020. 192 p.
Njinga
Authors: Fonseca Mariana Bracks
Published: August 2023

Resenha de:Rainhas africanas: Njinga. Documentário histórico, Netflix. Produção executiva e narração: Jada Pinkett Smith. Direção: Tina Gharavi, Etosheia Hilton, Susannah Ward e Victoria Adeola Thomas. Adesuwa Oni no papel de Njinga. 2023. 4 episódios, 3h 4min
Multiple Long-Standing Papules and Nodules on the Left Lower Leg
Authors: Gonzalez Caldito Elena , Petronic-Rosic Vesna , Mehta Shilpa
Published: August 2023

A woman in her 60s with long-standing thickening and induration of the legs presented with 1 week of left leg pain. Physical examination results revealed multiple firm skin-colored papules and nodules coalescing to form a large plaque on the anterior aspect of the left lower leg, whereas the right lower leg had diffuse induration and hyperpigmentation. What is your diagnosis?
Training in Residency and Provision of Reproductive Health Services Among Family Medicine Physicians
Authors: Strasser Julia , Schenk Ellen , Luo Qian , Bodas Mandar , Anderson Olivia , Chen Candice
Published: August 2023

Importance

Contraception and abortion services are essential health care, and family medicine (FM) physicians are an important part of the workforce providing this care. Residency could inform the reproductive health services FM physicians provide.

Objective

To determine which residency training factors are associated with FM physicians’ provision of reproductive health services to Medicaid beneficiaries.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional, population-based observational study of inpatient and outpatient FM physicians who completed residency between 2008 and 2018 and treated at least 1 Medicaid beneficiary in 2019 was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023. The study used 2019 American Medical Association Masterfile and Historical Residency file, as well as the 2019 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System claims.

Exposures

Residency training in community-based or reproductive health-focused programs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcomes were providing the following to at least 1 Medicaid beneficiary in 2019: prescription contraception (pill, patch, and/or ring), intrauterine device (IUD) and/or contraceptive implant, and dilation and curettage (D&C). Odds of providing each outcome were measured using correlated random-effects regression models adjusted for physician, residency program, and county characteristics.

Results

In the sample of 21 904 FM physician graduates from 410 FM residency programs, 12 307 were female (56.3%). More than half prescribed contraception to Medicaid beneficiaries (13 373 physicians [61.1%]), with lower proportions providing IUD or implant (4059 physicians [18.5%]) and D&C (152 physicians [.7%]). FM physicians who graduated from a Reproductive Health Education in Family Medicine program, which fully integrates family planning into residency training, had significantly greater odds of providing prescription contraception (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07-1.42), IUD or implant (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.28-2.48), and D&C (OR, 3.61; 95% CI, 2.02-6.44). Physicians who completed residency at a Teaching Health Center, which emphasizes community-based care, had higher odds of providing an IUD or implant (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.19-1.91).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of FM physicians providing Medicaid service, characteristics of residency training including community-based care and integration of family planning training are associated with greater odds of providing reproductive health services. With growing reproductive health policy restrictions, providing adequate training in reproductive health is critical to maintaining access to care, especially for underserved populations.
Innovations in Surgical Communication 4—Present the Downsides of Surgery, Not Just Risks
Authors: Zaza Sarah I. , Arnold Robert M. , Schwarze Margaret L.
Published: August 2023

This Viewpoint is the last of a 4-part series discussing ways to improve communication between surgeons and patients.
Optimizing Uptake of Multimodal Pain Management After Surgery Using the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Bongiovanni Tasce , Lancaster Elizabeth , Behrends Matthias , Zhang Li , Wick Elizabeth , Auerbach Andrew , Pletcher Mark J.
Published: August 2023

This quality improvement study evaluates the effect of an electronic health record intervention on multimodal pain management following surgery in 2 randomized clinical trials.
RheuMetric Quantitative 0 to 10 Physician Estimates of Inflammation, Damage, and Distress in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Validation Against Reference Measures
Authors: Rodwell Nicholas , Hassett Geraldine , Bird Paul , Pincus Theodore , Descallar Joseph , Gibson Kathryn A.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To analyze a RheuMetric checklist, which includes four feasible physician 0 to 10 scores for DOCGL, inflammation (DOCINF), damage (DOCDAM), and distress (DOCSTR) for criterion and discriminant validity against standard reference measures.

Methods

A prospective, cross‐sectional assessment was performed at one routine care visit at Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Rheumatologists recorded DOCGL, DOCINF, DOCDAM, DOCSTR, and 28 joint counts for swelling (SJC), tenderness (TJC), and limited motion/deformity (DJC). Patients completed a multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ), which includes routine assessment of patient index data (RAPID3), fibromyalgia assessment screening tool (FAST4), and MDHAQ depression screen (MDS2). Laboratory tests and radiographic scores were recorded. RheuMetric estimates of inflammation, damage, and distress were compared with reference and other measures using correlations and linear regressions.

Results

In 173 patients with RA, variation in RheuMetric DOCINF was explained significantly by SJC and inversely by disease duration; variation in DOCDAM was explained significantly by DJC, radiographic scores, and physical function; and variation in DOCSTR was explained significantly by fibromyalgia and depression.

Conclusion

RheuMetric DOCINF, DOCDAM, and DOCSTR estimates were correlated significantly and specifically with reference measures of inflammation, damage, and distress, documenting criterion and discriminant validity.
Biomechanics, Energetics, and Structural Basis of Rupture of Fibrin Networks
Authors: Ramanujam Ranjini K. , Maksudov Farkhad , Litvinov Rustem I. , Nagaswami Chandrasekaran , Weisel John W. , Tutwiler Valerie , Barsegov Valeri
Published: August 2023

Fibrin provides the main structural integrity and mechanical strength to blood clots. Failure of fibrin clots can result in life‐threating complications, such as stroke or pulmonary embolism. The dependence of rupture resistance of fibrin networks (uncracked and cracked) on fibrin(ogen) concentrations in the (patho)physiological 1–5 g L−1 range is explored by performing the ultrastructural studies and theoretical analysis of the experimental stress–strain profiles available from mechanical tensile loading assays. Fibrin fibers in the uncracked network stretched evenly, whereas, in the cracked network, fibers around the crack tip showed greater deformation. Unlike fibrin fibers in cracked networks formed at the lower 1–2.7 g L−1 fibrinogen concentrations, fibers formed at the higher 2.7–5 g L−1 concentrations align and stretch simultaneously. Cracked fibrin networks formed in higher fibrinogen solutions are tougher yet less extensible. Statistical modeling revealed that the characteristic strain for fiber alignment, crack size, and fracture toughness of fibrin networks control their rupture resistance. The results obtained provide a structural and biomechanical basis to quantitatively understand the material properties of blood plasma clots and to illuminate the mechanisms of their rupture.
Single Doping for Triple Functions: Integrated Theranostic Nanoplatforms for Multimodal Image‐Guided Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wang Hui , Feng Ruxin , Wang Yan , Ma Qian , Wei Jie , Xu Suying , Wang Leyu
Published: August 2023

Accurate location and efficient treatment of diseases by multifunctional nanoplatforms are appealing but face great challenges. Theranostic agents through the physical combination of different functional nanoparticles are demonstrated to be effective. Yet, the complicated biological environment often leads to ambiguous fates of each agent, which fails to keep the behaviors of imaging and therapeutic components in a simultaneous manner. Herein, “integrated” theranostic NPs, Gd‐doped CuWO4 (CWG) with strong near‐infrared (808 nm) absorption, the longest absorption peak of reported CuWO4, located in the biological transparent window, are constructed. The single doping of trace amount of Gd not only endows them with a distinguished magnetic resonance imaging capability (r1 = 12.01 mM−1s−1), but also concurrently imposes great effect on the valence states of matrix ion (Cu), as evidenced by theoretical calculation results. The charge distribution shift of Cu would facilitate ·OH generation, beneficial for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, CWG NPs display remarkable photoacoustic (PA) and computed tomography (CT) imaging capabilities (S = 10.33 HU mM−1). Such integrated theranostics afford a paradigm for multimodal imaging‐guided synergistic therapy with all‐in‐one single nanoparticle.
Antibiofouling Slippery Liquid Impregnated Pulsed Plasma Poly(styrene) Surfaces
Authors: Rawlinson Joe M. , Cox Harrison J. , Hopkins Grant , Cahill Patrick , Badyal Jas Pal S.
Published: August 2023

Biofouling is a major global environmental and economic challenge wherein organisms settle on solid surfaces submerged in natural waters. This leads to the spread of invasive marine species around the globe, accelerates surface deterioration through microbially‐induced corrosion, and inflates maritime vessel fuel consumption which leads to greater greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, pulsed plasma poly(styrene) nanocoatings impregnated with eco‐friendly liquids are produced that yield slippery surfaces through aromatic–aliphatic intermolecular interactions (water droplet contact angle hysteresis and sliding angle values ≈1–2°). The antibiofouling performance of these slippery surfaces is demonstrated using laboratory‐based marine bioassays and real‐world field trials in freshwater (pond water) and seawater (ocean) environments. Low‐cost and substrate‐independent pulsed plasmachemical deposition combined with eco‐friendly liquid impregnation provides a sustainable approach to tackling environmental biofouling.
Soft, Conductive, and Anti‐Freezing Conducting Polymer Organohydrogels
Authors: Zhou Xin , Kateb Pierre , Miquet‐Westphal Floriane , Lodygensky Gregory A. , Cicoira Fabio
Published: August 2023

Soft and conductive materials are highly desirable for wearable electronics. In particular, anti‐freezing, long‐water retention, and highly conductive gels with Young's modulus matching that of biological tissues, show promise in bioelectronics. Herein, soft organohydrogels obtained by mixing poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), ethylene glycol (EG), and tannic acid (TA) are reported. The PEDOT/EG/TA organohydrogels exhibit a low compressive Young's modulus of ≈20 kPa, a conductivity of ≈6 S cm−1, as well as anti‐freezing and water retention properties. Epidermal patch electrodes prepared using the PEDOT/EG/TA gel exhibit low skin–electrode impedance at low frequency (1–100 Hz) and high‐quality electrocardiography (ECG) and electromyography signal recordings. Moreover, these gels demonstrate long‐term stability with high ECG recording quality after being placed under ambient conditions for seven days.
Comprehensive Machine Learning Pipeline for Prediction of Power Conversion Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Mohanty Debasish , Palai Akshaya Kumar
Published: August 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered considerable interest as a viable replacement for conventional silicon‐based solar cells, thanks to their high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE), low manufacturing costs, and ease of adjusting optoelectronic properties. To expedite the development of PSC devices, it is crucial to establish seamless connections between relevant parameters, thereby saving time and reducing the costs associated with actual experimentation. This capability can be achieved through advanced machine learning (ML) models, which are at the forefront of providing such interrelation capabilities. In this investigation, a comprehensive ML pipeline using scientific data from PSCs is established, which includes data processing methods and synthetic data generation. Various ML models such as linear, logic‐tree‐based, gradient‐based, discriminative‐based, and attention‐based neural network regressors are utilized to predict PCE of PSCs. The results indicate that the XG‐Boost ML algorithm displays a minimum mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.52, while the attention‐based neural network model TabNet also demonstrates an MAE as low as 1.62. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination for these models is as high as 0.919 and 0.915, respectively. The findings and developed models can aid in the study of training and evaluation processes and provide insights into correlations within perovskite data for required property prediction.
Metal−Organic Frameworks Nucleated by Silk Fibroin and Modified with Tumor‐Targeting Peptides for Targeted Multimodal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Yuping , Lyu Ruyin , Wang Jie , Cheng Qichao , Yu Yanfang , Yang Shuxu , Mao Chuanbin , Yang Mingying
Published: August 2023

Multimodal therapy requires effective drug carriers that can deliver multiple drugs to specific locations in a controlled manner. Here, the study presents a novel nanoplatform constructed using zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8), a nanoscale metal‐organic framework nucleated under the mediation of silk fibroin (SF). The nanoplatform is modified with the newly discovered MCF‐7 breast tumor‐targeting peptide, AREYGTRFSLIGGYR (AR peptide). Indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin (DOX) are loaded onto the nanoplatform with high drug encapsulation efficiency (>95%). ICG enables the resultant nanoparticles (NPs), called AR‐ZS/ID‐P, to release reactive oxygen species for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and heat for photothermal therapy (PTT) under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, promoting NIR fluorescence and thermal imaging to guide DOX‐induced chemotherapy. Additionally, the controlled release of both ICG and DOX at acidic tumor conditions due to the dissolution of ZIF‐8 provides a drug‐targeting mechanism in addition to the AR peptide. When intravenously injected, AR‐ZS/ID‐P NPs specifically target breast tumors and exhibit higher anticancer efficacy than other groups through ICG‐enabled PDT and PTT and DOX‐derived chemotherapy, without inducing side effects. The results demonstrate that AR‐ZS/ID‐P NPs are a promising multimodal theranostic nanoplatform with maximal therapeutic efficacy and minimal side effects for targeted and controllable drug delivery.
Graphene Quantum Dots as an Oxygen Reservoir for Topotactic Phase Transition‐Based Memristive Devices
Authors: Nallagatla Venkata Raveendra , Sasindra Harisankar , Kim Hyoung Gyun , Yoo Dongha , Yi Gyu‐Chul , Kim Miyoung , Jung Chang Uk
Published: August 2023

A novel class of transition metal oxides, capable of reversible topotactic phase transition between the oxygen‐deficient brownmillerite and oxygen‐rich perovskite, has emerged as a promising material for memristive and magnetoelectric devices. However, the absence of a local oxygen source in the device structure necessitates an oxygen exchange process between the surrounding atmosphere and the switching layer during operation, which can lead to unreliable device performance. In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are introduced into a SrFe0.5Co0.5Ox memristive device as an oxygen reservoir for the nanoscale topotactic redox process. The SrFe0.5Co0.5Ox memristive devices with GQDs exhibit reliable resistive switching performance compared to SrFe0.5Co0.5Ox devices without GQDs. To understand the effect of GQDs on the device structure, a pulse endurance test is carried out in a high vacuum. The devices with GQDs show rather good endurance behavior, while devices without GQDs exhibit endurance failure. These results provide a deeper understanding of the potential use of GQDs in enhancing the performance of SrFe0.5Co0.5Ox memristive devices, with implications for tuning nanoscale topotactic phase transition for multi‐functional properties.
Triazine‐based multicomponent metallacages with tunable structures for SO2 selective capture and conversion
Authors: Zhang Ruoqian , Hu Dingyue , Fu Yu , Feng Qian , Mu Chaoqun , Gao Kai , Ma Heping , Liu Ming , Zhang Mingming
Published: August 2023

The design of novel materials for sulfur dioxide (SO2) capture and conversion with considerable efficiency under mild conditions is of great significance for human health and environmental protection yet highly challenging. Herein, we report a series of triazine‐based multicomponent metallacages via coordination‐driven self‐assembly of 2,4,6‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine, cis‐Pt(PEt3)2(OTf)2 and different tetracarboxylic ligands. As the increase of the length of the tetracarboxylates, the structures of the metallacages change from pyramids to extended octahedrons. Owing to their N‐rich structure, these metallacages are further used for selective SO2 capture, showing good adsorption capacity and remarkable SO2/CO2 selectivity in ambient conditions, suggesting their potential applications toward real flue gas desulfurization. The metallacages are further employed for the conversion of SO2 into value‐added compounds, showing exceptional efficiency even dilute SO2 is used as the reactant. This study represents a type of structure‐tunable triazine‐based metallacages for SO2 capture and conversion, which will pave the way on the applications of metal‐organic complexes for gas adsorption.
Experimental Demonstration of High‐Performance Physical Reservoir Computing with Nonlinear Interfered Spin Wave Multidetection
Authors: Namiki Wataru , Nishioka Daiki , Yamaguchi Yu , Tsuchiya Takashi , Higuchi Tohru , Terabe Kazuya
Published: August 2023

Physical reservoir computing, which is a promising method for the implementation of highly efficient artificial intelligence devices, requires a physical system with nonlinearity, fading memory, and the ability to map in high dimensions. Although it is expected that spin wave interference can perform as highly efficient reservoir computing in some micromagnetic simulations, there has been no experimental verification to date. Herein, reservoir computing is demonstrated that utilizes multidetected nonlinear spin wave interference in an yttrium‐iron‐garnet single crystal. The subject computing system achieves excellent performance when used for hand‐written digit recognition, second‐order nonlinear dynamical tasks, and nonlinear autoregressive moving average (NARMA). It is of particular note that normalized mean square errors for NARMA2 and second‐order nonlinear dynamical tasks are 1.81 × 10−2 and 8.37 × 10−5, respectively, which are the lowest figures for any experimental physical reservoir so far reported. Said high performance is achieved with higher nonlinearity and the large memory capacity of interfered spin wave multidetection.
Clinical and genetic characterization of a Chinese family with pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Feng , Lv Kui‐Lin , Yao Si‐Qi , Li Zhi , Cheng Wang , Zhang Si , Long Xin‐Hai , Guo Hong , Zhang Yu‐Ping
Published: August 2023

We report compound heterozygous variants in TOE1 in siblings of Chinese origin who presented with dyskinesia and intellectual disabilities. Our report provides further information regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 7 syndrome (PCH7). Clinical manifestations were obtained, and genomic DNA was collected from family members. Whole‐exome and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify associated genetic variants. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify and characterize the pathogenicity of the heterozygous variants. Following long‐term rehabilitation, both siblings showed minimal improvement, and their condition tended to progress. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed two unreported heterozygous variants, NM_025077: c.C553T (p.R185W) and NM_025077: c.G562T (p.V188L), in the TOE1 gene mapped to 1p34.1. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the two variants in the proband and her brother were inherited from their parents. The NM_025077: c.C553T (p.R185W) variant was inherited from the father, and the NM_025077: c.G562T (p.V188L) variant was inherited from the mother. Although the two variants in the TOE1 gene have not been reported previously, they were associated with PCH7 based on integrated analysis. Thus, our report contributes to our knowledge regarding the etiology and phenotype of PCH 7.
Assessing the association of skeletal indicators of stress with mean age‐at‐death in sub‐adults
Authors: Wyatt Bronwyn , McFadden Clare , Ward Stacey , Wilson Laura A. B.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The present study investigated the association of skeletal indicator of stress presence with mean age‐at‐death as a means of understanding whether commonly studied indicators are indeed indicative of increased frailty.

Materials and Methods

Using a medieval Gaelic population from Ballyhanna (Co. Donegal), the present study assessed the association between skeletal indicators of stress and mean age‐at‐death using the Kaplan–Meier survival function with log rank test to determine whether these indicators were associated with younger age‐at‐death, and therefore increased frailty, in sub‐adults only (0 to 18 years, N = 139) and through comparison to an all‐ages cohort (N = 318).

Results

Only linear enamel hypoplasia was found to be associated with significantly decreased survivorship across the all‐ages cohort but, conversely, was associated with increased survivorship when analysis was restricted to sub‐adults. All other indicators assessed were associated with increased age‐at‐death for both all‐age cohorts and sub‐adult cohorts (cribra orbitalia), increased age‐at‐death when assessing all ages only (porotic hyperostosis and healed periosteal lesions); or were sufficiently rare in adults to prevent comparative analysis (stunting and micronutrient deficiency). Increased survivorship in individuals with higher numbers of co‐morbid skeletal indicators was observed for both sub‐adults alone and all age cohort.

Discussion

These findings suggest that these commonly recorded skeletal indicators may be more accurately viewed simply as records of stressor exposure and subsequent survival only, rather than providing evidence that these sub‐adults are frailer than their similarly aged‐at‐death peers. Thus, the demographic and sociocultural context is essential to the interpretation of observed skeletal indicators of stress.