bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Algoritma C4.5 Dalam Mengklasifikasi Status Gizi Balita Pada Posyandu Desa Dames Damai Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors:   Universitas Hamzanwadi, Mahpuz Mahpuz , Muliawan Nur Amri ,   Universitas Hamzanwadi, Samsu L.M. ,   Universitas Hamzanwadi
Published: January 2022

Nutrition is very important for human growth, especially in toddlers. Lack of or excess intake of nutrients in toddlers can affect nutritional status and health status. Children who have poor nutritional status will experience a decrease in body resistance and are susceptible to disease. The problem with Posyandu in Dames Damai Village is that toddler data reports are stored in a notebook containing toddler data along with the results of weighing which is carried out every month. However, the data only becomes a pile in the houses of the cadres. There is a need for data processing which will later produce useful information for the posyandu. The C4.5 algorithm is a classification technique used in this study which consists of 4 attributes used in the classification, namely gender, age, weight and height. The accuracy results obtained are very good or quite perfect, namely 97.02% while the AUC value obtained from the decision tree is 0.928
Analisa Sentimen Kicauan Twitter Tokopedia Dengan Optimalisasi Data Tidak Seimbang Menggunakan Algoritma SMOTE
Authors:   Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika, Andreyestha Andreyestha , Azizah Qudsiah Nur ,   Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika
Published: January 2022

Along with the development of technology, social media is now often used to provide an assessment, one of which is Twitter is one of the most popular microblogging. On Twitter, users don't just review a product, but they often complain or share their experiences about their level of satisfaction while using Tokopedia. Sentiment analysis on tokopeida provides useful indicators for various purposes which can be found in comments, feedback or criticism. This study uses the Naïve Bayes and Random Forest algorithms to provide the expected classification results, the analysis will be carried out by comparing several combinations of algorithms that will be tested on twitter tweets about Tokopedia, including the combination with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) to optimize unbalanced data. In the Tokopedia Twitter tweet test, SMOTE was able to increase the accuracy of the Naive Bayes algorithm to 86.93%, an increase of 3.4% from the previous 83.53%. Meanwhile, Random Forest with SMOTE has an accuracy value of 88.44%, an increase of 1.55% from the previous Random Forest test of 86.89%.
Aplikasi Titip Online Produk UMKM Berbasis Android
Authors:   Universitas Hamzanwadi, Hidayat Febrian , Sadali Muhamad ,   Universitas Hamzanwadi, Sudianto Aris ,   Universitas Hamzanwadi
Published: January 2022

UMKM have a big role in increasing economic growth in the region by increasing the number of UMKM in an area, it will show that buying and selling transaction activities will increase, not least in Selong District, East Lombok Regency. With the presence of the new UMKM, it is able to be a solution to reduce unemployment in East Lombok Regency, but in addition to being able to reduce the unemployment rate, it is very necessary to do how so that the products of UMKM actors can be accessed more widely, because considering the community at this time very active in using smartphones. The purpose of this research is to create an application that will be able to accommodate all forms of products of UMKM actors in Selong District which of course with this application will be able to benefit both parties, namely the community as customers can search for their favorite UMKM products via smartphones, while for UMKM actors can promote their products more broadly so that they can increase the number of sales than before.
Aplikasi Surat Pertanggung Jawaban Kegiatan Dana Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan Pada Puskesmas Bati – Bati Berbasis Web
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut, Noor Agustian , Supriyanto Arif ,   Politeknik Negeri tanah Laut
Published: January 2022

In the national and political unitary body in Tanah Laut district, there is actually a system created to deal with staffing problems in the environment. However, there are still many shortcomings in the system. The first thing is seen in the retirement status of employees, in this information system there is no feature that can know when the employee retires, this is clearly very detrimental to the national and political unitary body of Tanah Laut Regency, because retired employees may still be registered in the system So far, the admin cannot know when the employee will retire, because there is no feature made to find out this information. Based on the description of the explanation, it is necessary to develop a personnel information system that can manage pension data and manage class data on a regular basis. . In developing the application, the author uses the waterfall method using the PHP programming language (Framework CodeiIgniter), HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and is designed using Entity Relationship Diagrams, Data Flow Diagrams and Flowcharts. This application is expected to be able to assist in viewing the data of retired employees.
Role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder disorders in KSA - Asian patients in associated of nationality and occupation
Authors: Sami Elgak  , Yousif Abdallah  , Bahaaedin A Elkhader
Published: January 2022

Background: Ultrasound is the important imaging investigation used to diagnose gallbladder and bile duct diseases. Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess gallbladder disorders in Asian patients and the correlation of gallbladder disease among Saudis compared to other Asian nationalities in addition to the measurement of GB length, width and volume (cm 3) measured using the ellipsoid formula to assess morphology of biliary in concentration and after fatty meal in in Al-Majmaah Province of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of 103 patients with gallbladder disorders from the Al-Majmaah Province of Saudi Arabia using SPSS statistical software. Results: The gallbladder stone increased in female patient over 40 years (70%) (33 patients out of 47), while the incidence in female patients less than 40 years old (50%) (28 patients out of 56). This study also Reported that 59.2% is incidence of gallbladder stone, 37 patients (60%) out of the 61 patients with gallstones developed Calculous Cholecystitis 40% of the patient had Acalculous Cholecystitis. Symptoms and signs of the patients in study represented in the right upper quadrant RUQ pain 48.5%of patients, was found to be significantly larger in gallbladder stones. Increased incidence of gallstone among Drivers (80%) 8 drivers out of 10 developed gallstones. Also we can notice the increase of gallstones among the 8 female housewives out of 13, and also noticed that 8 out of 12 housemaid patients had incidence of gallstones. Conclusion: The gall stone represent the high incidence disease compared with other gallbladder pathology. The Incidences of sludge polyp, Acalculous cholesystitis and carcinoma of gallbladder are relatively low. In KSA and according to this study the sign and symptoms of cholelithiasis and cholecystitis almost is RUQ pain.
Sistema Analógico para a captura das imagens e as novas possibilidades de reinvenção dos registros
Authors: De Azevedo Ana Laura Menegat , Diegues Frederico Acosta , Caxito Lucas Gabriel da Silva
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir o uso de processos não convencionais de revelação de fotografias analógicas em tempos de instantaneidade e redes sociais. A partir de revisão bibliográfica, foram analisadas as principais características dos processos fotográficos alternativos, caracterizados pelo uso de químicos não convencionais. Em seguida apresentadas algumas visões sobre as possibilidades expressivas desta modalidade a partir de entrevistas e experiências pessoais dos autores.
İslami Duyarlılık Portföy Performansını Etkiler Mi? İslami Hisse Senedi Yatırımlarına Farklı Bir Bakış Açısı
Authors: Guclu Fatih
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, finansal oranlar açısından İslami kurallara daha uygun hisse senetlerinden oluşan hisse senedi portföyünün performansının, Katılım 50 Endeksi (KAT50) ile karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda, Borsa İstanbul’da (BIST) işlem gören ve hem faaliyet alanı hem de finansal oranlar bakımından filtreleme kriterlerini karşılayan 50 hisse senedi ile piyasa değeri ağırlıklı ve eşit ağırlıklı iki portföy oluşturulmuştur. Örneklem dönemi, Temmuz 2014 – Ekim 2021 olarak belirlenmiştir. Performans ölçümünde Sermaye Varlıkları Fiyatlama Modeli (SVFM) ve risk ayarlı performans ölçüm yöntemleri içerisinden Sharpe Oranı, Treynor Oranı, M2 Ölçütü ve Bilgi Oranı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Portföy 1 en düşük sistematik riske (β katsayısı) sahiptir. Risk ayarlı performans ölçüm yöntemlerine göre Portföy 2’nin en başarılı portföy olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Portföy 1’in performansı ise hem Portföy 2’ye hem de KAT50’ye göre daha düşüktür. Çalışmanın sonuçları, filtrelemede kullanılan eşik değerlerin düşük olması ilkesi temel alınarak yapılan bir İslami hisse senedi yatırımının, başarılı bir risk-getiri performansı sunabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Religion and the Parameters for the Modern Understanding of Public Sphere: An Unwanted Association
Authors: Sesli Mutlu , Özkiraz Ahmet
Published: January 2022

The concept of public sphere is a highly controversial term in several disciplines. Dating from ancient Greece, the concept gained its modern definition in the early 18th century. The sense of public sphere was gender and property based and later changed completely through modernity. The concept emerged in a dereligionized area where any topics were discussable after religious and traditional beliefs and values were left in the private sphere.Following the Industrial Revolution, the efforts to understand life and world led to new opinions, including individualism, rationalism, secularism, nation-state and citizenship. The common acceptance of these notions is definable by their rejection of religions. This study examines the unwanted association of religion with some parameters for the modern public sphere that intends to constitute its own beliefs since religion has aimed to orient itself to such changes and obtain a public characteristic, which is today more apparent than ever before.
Osmanlı Devleti’nde Ayanlık Müessesesi Ve Merkez-Çevre İlişkisi
Authors: Parlak Bekir , Çetin Mehmet Şirin , Yanar Halil İbrahim
Published: January 2022

17. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren ortaya çıkan ve 1726 yılında da hükümet tarafından resmen bazı hanedan sahiplerine görev verilmesiyle yerli ailelerin ön plana geçme mücadeleleri sonucunda gelişmeye başlayan ayanlık müessesesine Osmanlı Devleti, birçok eyalete, o eyaletler içindeki güçlü konumdaki kesimlere bazı imtiyazlar vermek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu nedenle güçlü kesimler merkeze karşı, Anadolu ve Rumeli’nin çoğu bölgesinde bağımsız olarak kabul edilebilecek siyasi egemenlik alanları oluşturmuşlardır. Böylece ayanlar, 18. yüzyılın ortalarına doğru ilk önce önemli sancak ve kazalarda daha sonra da Anadolu’nun neredeyse her yerinde görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede ayan tarzı eyalet yönetimi doğmaya başlamış, daha yoğun nüfuslu yaşam alanlarından kasabalara hatta köylere kadar her bölgenin varlık sahibi ve nüfuslu kişilerinin, merkezi hükümetten aldıkları sorumluluk bağlamında kendi içlerinde bir hiyerarşi oluşturmaları sosyal açıdan bir zorunluluk durumuna gelmiştir. Gittikçe artan ayanlık müessesesi merkezi gücü sorgular duruma gelmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti kuruluş yıllarından itibaren merkezi gücü ön planda tutan bakış açısına sahiptir. Bu çalışma da merkez-çevre ilişkisi bağlamında bir döneme damga vuran ayanların ortaya çıkışı, gelişimi ve etkileri üzerinde durulacaktır.
Türkiye’de Subayların Emeklilik Sonrası Sivil Hayata Uyumu1
Authors: Yıldız Ömer , Başpınar Adem
Published: January 2022

Bu makalede; Türkiye’de subayların emekli olduktan sonra sivil hayata uyum durumları, mesleki yaşam koşullarını belirleyen olgular üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Çalışma Bourdieu’nun habitus kavramsallaştırmasına dayalı olarak oluşturulan askerî alan, askerî kültür ve askerî habitus üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri Türkçeye uyarlanan “Zenginleştirilmiş Yaşam Ölçeği” ile elde edilmiştir. 39 madde ve beş boyuttan oluşan Ölçek, emekli 277 subaya uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha katsayısı 0,97 olarak bulunmuştur. Zenginleştirilmiş Yaşam Ölçeği puanlarının emekli subayların muvazzaf sınıfına göre (p > 0,05), mensubu oldukları kuvvet komutanlığına göre (p > 0,05) ve emeklilikteki rütbelerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği (p > 0,05); amaç duygusu (X2(2) = 8,03, p < 0,05), katılımlı vatandaşlık (X2(2) = 8,46, p < 0,05) alt boyut puanları ve Zenginleştirilmiş Yaşam Ölçeği puanlarının (X2(2) = 6,45, p < 0,05) öğrenim/mezuniyet devresine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışma bulguları alanyazında emekli subaylara yönelik diğer çalışma sonuçları ile uyumlu çıkmıştır.
İmalat Sanayi Firmalarında Ürün İnovasyonuna Etki Eden Faktörler: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: Tuncel Cem Okan , Oktay Deniz
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma Türk imalat sanayinde ürün inovasyonunun firma düzeyindeki belirleyicilerini araştırmaktadır. İnovasyon firma performansını ve uzun dönem makro iktisadi büyümeyi doğrudan etkilemektedir. Ürün inovasyonu mal ve hizmet kalitesi ile çeşitliliğini artırmakla birlikte yeni piyasalar açmakta ve yeni iş alanları yaratmaktadır. İnovasyonun firma düzeyindeki kaynaklarının anlaşılması daha yenilikçi endüstriler için gerekli politikaların geliştirilmesine olanak sağlayacaktır. Dünya Bankası’nın 2015 yılına ait Girişim Anketi veri setinden alınan 1.085 firmadan oluşan bir örneklem kullanılarak ulaşılan sonuçlar Türk imalat sanayinde piyasa yapısı ile firmaların ürün inovasyonu yapma olasılıkları arasında ters U ilişkisinin olduğunu, yani olumsuz etkiyi gösteren Schumpeteryan etki ile olumlu etkiyi gösteren rekabetten kaçış etkisinin bir arada gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca verimlilik açığı ile ürün inovasyonu arasında negatif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları Ar&Ge faaliyeti yürüten firmaların ürün inovasyonu yapma olasılıklarının arttığını, patent sahibi firmaların da ürün inovasyonu yapma olasılıklarının daha yükek olduğunu göstermektedir. Kamu desteği almış firmaların inovasyon yapma olasılıklarının %10,6 daha fazla olduğu, ihracat yoğunluğu arttıkça inovasyon olasılığının arttığı görülmektedir.
Determination of the rotation angle of an UAV using the data of a radio anglometer.
Authors:   Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Kremlevskaya, 18, Makridin A.T. , Latypov R.R. ,   Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Kremlevskaya, 18, Skvortsov I.V. ,   Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Kremlevskaya, 18, Sherstykov O.N. ,   Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Kremlevskaya, 18
Published: February 2022

In this paper a device for determining the angles of the UAV position based on a small-sized radio goniometric system with a ground transmitter are presented. We use an antenna system with three mutually orthogonal antennas and a multichannel direct conversion digital receiver. Similar systems can also be used in radio inclinometry.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Berbasis Etnomatematika pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 11 Tapung
Authors: Astuti Astuti , Zulfah Zulfah , Rian Dicky
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat karakteristik Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis etnomatematika pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar kelas VIII SMP N 11 Tapung. Krakteristik LKPD yang diukur adalah kevalidan, kepraktisan dan kefektivan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan Plomp. Produk yang dikembangkan adalah Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis etnomatematika pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar kelas VIII. Subjek uji coba pada penelitian ini adalah ahli isi dan kegrafikan merupakan dosen ahli dibidangnya, ahli bahasa dan kebudayaan merupakan dosen ahli dibidangnya serta peserta didik siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 11 Tapung. Penentuan subjek peserta didik dilakukan secara random sampling, yang terdiri dari 9 orang untuk uji perorangan dan uji kelompok kecil, serta 16 peserta didik untuk uji lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, angket ini digunakan untuk menilai kepraktisan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis etnomatematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, penilaian kevalidan oleh validator isi dan kegrafikan mencapai 85,71% dan penilaian oleh validator bahasa dan kebudayaan mencapai 93,28%, sehingga Lembar Kerja Pesrta Didik ini telah dinyatakan sangat valid oleh validator. Untuk penilaian kepraktisan Lembar Kerja Peserta didik pada tahap perorangan mencapai 83,5% dan pada tahap kelompok kecil mencapai 86,84%, hasil pada tahap perorangan dan kelompok kecil menunjukan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) ini telah dinyatakan praktis digunakan. Pada hasil penilaian keefektivan diperoleh dari nilai pretest dan posttest, dari hasil uji Paired Sample Test diperoleh sig.(2-tailed) yang bernilai .000, dimana jika sig.(2-tailed) < 0,05 maka terdapat pengaruh pada tindakan yang diberikan.
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Berbasis Hots pada Pembelajaran Matematika SD Selama Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Umami Alifia , Ayu Afiani Kunti Dian , Setiawan Fajar
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal berbasis HOTS pada pembelajaran matematika SD selama pandemi covid-19 di SD Muhammadiyah 2 Peneleh, Surabaya . Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas 6 SD yang terdiri dari 2 siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi, 2 siswa dengan kemampuan sedang, dan 2 siswa dengan kemampuan rendah. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1 siswa mencapai tingkat ke-4 (sangat kreatif) pada siswa dengan kemampuan sedang,3 siswa mencapai tingkat ke- 3 (kreatif) pada siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi, 1 siswa mencapai tingkat ke-2 (cukup kreatif) dan 1 siswa mencapai tingkat ke-1 (kurang kreatif) pada siswa dengan kemampuan rendah.
Turn-Taking and Negotiation of Meaning to Construct an Online Conversation Between Two Low-Intermediate Japanese EFL Learners
Authors: Shibata Naoya
Published: February 2022

This illustrative case study aims to explore the use of
turn-taking and negotiation of meaning between two low-intermediate female Japanese
university students and consider pedagogical implications. After a voice-recorded
online conversation between the participants via Zoom was transcribed by an
online automatic transcription tool and the researcher, a conversation analysis
was conducted based on Wong and Waring (2021). The findings illustrated that
the participants utilised various negotiation strategies, especially confirmation
check, clarification requests, and comprehension check, to elicit more
information about the interlocutor and shift from one conversation topic to
another. Furthermore, their first language communicative beliefs might play an
important role in their use of negotiation and turn-taking. Therefore, language
teachers may need to provide learners with many opportunities to learn and use
various negotiation strategies in meaning-driven interactive activities whilst
appreciating the learners’ first language communication cultures.
Elite athlete with rhabdomyolysis after a world extreme conditioning competition: A case report
Authors:   Pharmacology Department, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, 60020181, Brazil, Junior Valden Luís Matos Capistrano ,   Nutrition Department, V Nutrition Clinic Research Institute, Fortaleza, 60811340, Brazil, Caetano Matheus Lima ,   Nutrition Department, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, 60714903, Brazil, Sena Maraline Santos ,   Nutrition Department, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, 60714903, Brazil, de Souza Marcio Leandro Ribeiro ,   Nutrition Department, Faculdade de Minas FAMINAS-BH, Belo Horizonte, 31744007, Brazil, Costa Eder Evangelista ,   CrossFit Gurkha, Fortaleza, 60813820, Brazil
Published: January 2022

Stress rhabdomyolysis is especially common after extreme conditioning exercise programs, such as CrossFit®. This study aimed to better understand the conditions surrounding rhabdomyolysis in elite CrossFit® athlete to prevent new cases. Blood tests, abdominal ultrasound, and urine summary of a 36-year-old CrossFit® athlete were analyzed after an injury during the first match of the last day of a world competition (Reebok CrossFit Games® 2018). On the day of the injury, great abdominal distension was noted. The creatine kinase (CK) values were 42,040 U/L, and after 72 h, these values reached 82,443 U/L. After 6 days, abdominal ultrasound was performed to identify areas of hemorrhage and rupture in the rectus abdominis bilaterally and throughout. After 8 days, blood tests showed elevated levels of enzymes other than CK, such as aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and CK levels were also observed. The urine summary showed an increase in the red blood cell level and the presence of hemoglobin. After 15 days, the examinations were repeated, and the AST, ALT, LDH, and CK levels decreased by 92.6%, 72.7%, 71.7%, and 99.6%, respectively. Thus, suspected rhabdomyolysis was confirmed.
Pattern of congenital eye anomalies in children: A study from rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jain Rakhi , Pathania Vishal , Saini Nishtha
Published: February 2022

Background: Congenital eye anomalies are an important cause of childhood blindness. Worldwide, there are a lot of variations in the spectrum of congenital eye anomalies. The key to preventing childhood blindness is early detection and intervention of the congenital eye anomalies.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to describe the type and frequency of congenital eye anomalies in children.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on children attending pediatric OPD and the newborn babies born in the hospital in the period of 1 year from June 2019 to May 2020. They were screened for any ocular abnormality and then detailed ocular examination was done by the ophthalmologist. The data were collected for demographic characteristics, clinical diagnosis, age of presentation of anomaly, laterality, involvement of one or both eye, and type of anomaly. Variables were expressed as proportions or percentages.
Results: A total of 32,858 children were screened for ocular abnormalities. Out of these, 1571 (0.047%) children had ocular abnormalities. Among them, 1011 (64.35%) presented in the 1st year of life, 381 (24.25%) in the 2nd year of life, and the remaining 179 (11.4%) were diagnosed after 2 years of life. Among various anomalies, congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was the most common anomaly (65%) followed by coloboma of iris and choroid (13.8%). Congenital ectropion and anopthalmos were found in five and three children, respectively.
Conclusion: The most common anomaly was congenital nasolacrimal duct blockage followed by coloboma of iris, choroid, and cataract. Early detection and intervention of the congenital eye anomalies is necessary to prevent blindness.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on blood donation during 1st wave in India: Understanding regular blood donors and non-blood donor’s perspective, attitudes, and practices
Authors: Chunchu Srinivasa Rao , Bala Sudha , Rajiv Kumar B  , Ushasree Ravula
Published: February 2022

Background: COVID-19 is an emerging and rapidly evolving situation globally, and it poses additional burden for emergency health care services especially the transfusion medicine and the need of an hour to safeguard our regular blood donors.
Aim and Objectives: The study aims to find out the proportion of COVID-19 infection among blood donors and non-blood donors (NBDs) and to assess their behavioral risk factors that predispose to COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted among regular blood donors and non-blood donors at the department of transfusion medicine attached to tertiary care hospital with an objective to find out the proportion of COVID-19 status and the risk factors associated with its occurrence.
Results: Total of 834 participants involved in our study. Accordingly, we found the proportion of COVID-19 to be 9% among regular blood donors and 2% among NBDs. A significant association was noted with regular going out, co-morbidities, B positive blood group and perceived stress as the risk factors in regular blood donors. Moreover, among NBDs maintaining social distancing and regular washing of hands/use of sanitizers were significant factors.
Conclusions: The novelty of this study helps to remake our policies concerned mainly on the protection of our potentially emergency service providers against COVID-19 infection.
Factors contributing to rising cesarean section rates in South Asian countries: A systematic review
Authors: Dhakal-Rai Sulochana , van Teijlingen Edwin , Regmi Pramod Raj , Wood Juliet , Dangal Ganesh , Dhakal Keshar Bahadur
Published: February 2022

Rising cesarean section (CS) rates are a global public health problem. The systematic review investigates key indications for performing CS and factors significantly associated with the rising rate of CS in South Asia. Primary studies in South Asia published between January 2010 and December 2018 were searched using relevant electronic databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, NepJOL, and BanglaJOL. A narrative synthesis of the indications for performing CS and factors significantly associated with the rising CS rates was performed using content analysis. A total of 68 studies were included in this review. The most common medical indication for CS was fetal distress, followed by previous CS, antepartum hemorrhage (including placenta previa/abruption), cephalopelvic disproportion, failed induction, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, oligohydramnios, and non-progress of labor. Maternal request was the most common non-medical indication for conducting CS. Higher maternal age was the most common significant factor associated with the rising CS rate followed by higher maternal education, urban residency, higher economic status, previous CS, pregnancy/childbirth complications, and lower parity/nulliparity. Preference for CS and increasing private number hospital were also factors contributing to the rising rate. Several key indicators and factors significantly associated with rising CS rate are revealed. These key indicators and significant factors reflect the global trend. Reduction in the use of primary CS, unless medically warranted, would help stem rates of CS. Realistic and candid explanation to pregnant women and their families regarding the benefits of vaginal birth for women and babies should form an integral part of maternity care as these are issues of public health.
Long-term combined exercises enhance sweet taste sensitivity and reduce carbohydrate intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Vidanage Dinithi , Wasalathanthri Sudharshani , Hettiarachchi Priyadarshika
Published: February 2022

Background: The link between sweet taste perception and carbohydrate intake in diabetics who perform regular combined exercises has not been explored.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed at determining the impact of combined exercises on taste perception for sucrose and carbohydrate intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: A clinical trial was conducted with 225 patients with T2DM, aged 35–60 years assigned randomly into three groups; aerobic, combined, and a control group. Outcomes of the aerobic group were not reported. Combined group performed brisk walking 4–5 days/week and resistance exercises 2–3 days/week for 6 months. Supra-threshold intensity ratings, preference for sucrose, and carbohydrate intake assessed at baseline, at 3 and 6 months were measured using “general Labeled Magnitude Scale,” “Monell 2-series-forced choice method,” and a 3-day diet diary, respectively.
Results: Ratings for the highest (combined vs. control: +3.15±0.57 vs. −7.96±0.40 mol/L, P=0.022) and the second-highest sucrose concentrations (combined vs. control: +7.79±4.49 vs. −8.98±0.99 mol/L, P=0.003) in the combined group were significantly higher with significant time × group interaction (2.02M: P=0.002, 0.64M: P=0.003). Preference for sucrose was lower in the combined group (combined vs. control: −0.08±0.14 vs. +0.01±0.03 mol/L, P=0.002), and the time × group interaction was not significant. Carbohydrate intake (combined vs. control: −46.97±21.60 vs. −6.30±9.36 g, P=0.001) and HbA1c level (combined vs. control: −0.66±1.81 vs. +0.33±1.84%, P=0.008) were reduced in the combined group, and taste sensitivity significantly predicted the carbohydrate intake with combined exercises (R2=0.64, P=0.01).
Conclusion: Regular combined exercises increase sweet taste sensitivity for higher concentrations of sucrose. Taste sensitivity, not the preference determines the carbohydrate intake in exercising diabetics.
A retrospective study on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the affected pediatric population attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Biswas Tanusri , Chaudhury Nabamita , Mondal Raston , Chatterjee Aroni , Chattopadhyay Saswati
Published: February 2022

Background: Novel coronavirus infections cause major morbidity and mortality globally in the all age groups, including the pediatric population. Viral respiratory infections in children may act as a source of infection especially those with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Aims and Objectives: The aim is to analyze the SARS-CoV-2 characteristics in pediatric age group.
Materials and Methods: Ninety seven children neonate to 5 years age tested positive by RT-PCR were included in the study. Detailed data on socio-demography, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, comorbidities, management, and outcome of the study population were collected.
Results: Sex distribution showed 47 (48.4%) male and 50 (51.5%) female. Among these 97, 5 children (5.1%) were <28 days of age, 30 children were (31%) neonate to infant age, and 62 children were (63.9%) above 1 year but <5 years of age. The group was divided into two---one with 56 children (57.7%) who were discharged, 2nd with 41 (42.3%) hospitalized children. 1st group was asymptomatic (64.3%)/mildly symptomatic (35.7%). In 2nd group 36.5% were moderately symptomatic, 29.2% were with severe complications, and 34.3% of children were critical--22 (52.6%)required PICU admission--17 children (41.4%) required mechanical ventilation and 36 (87.8%) required respiratory support.
Conclusion: Reports state that COVID-19 infection is mild in the pediatric population but our findings suggest that some children can develop severe/critical infection requiring hospitalization, respiratory support, and mechanical ventilation.
Impact of the second wave of COVID-19 on cancer care at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Sulav , Priyadarshini Mona
Published: February 2022

Background: The second wave of COVID-19 has plunged Nepal into a public health disaster and has also impacted cancer service to our department of Oncology.
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 second wave on outpatient department, inpatient department of oncology, Cancer screening, Cancer patients and Healthcare staffs of oncology department respectively.
Materials and Methods: We did a prospective descriptive study from April 15, 2021 to June 14 2021 in our Oncology Department at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital. All the histopathologically proven cancer patients attending the oncology unit during the specific study periods were taken as study population. Proforma comprising patient details were maintained in excel sheet and the collected data were analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences.
Results: We have 78% decrement in outpatient visits and 30% decrement in admissions during the study period. We had 89% reduction in the newly diagnosed cases and total fourteen COVID positive cases. About 50% of the COVID-positive cases expired due to desaturation caused by COVID lung while 50% survived with the medical support. Majority of the infection was due to community spread. PCR test was advised for all the COVID suspects with features of fever and separate isolation ward was implemented for such patients. All of the healthcare staffs of oncology unit were immunized with vaccines as per the government protocol and none of them contractedCOVID during the pandemic.
Conclusion: Second wave of COVID-19 had a severe impact on cancer service at our Institution. With the decrement in COVID cases and ease of lockdown, slowly we are trying to gain our momentum with utmost COVID precautions.
Knowledge power nexus in Nepal's community forest planning
Authors: Baral Srijana , Rana Prabal Bir Jung
Published: January 2022

The forest management plans started as simple document turned to complex silviculture based plans that included compartmentalization and detailed mapping of the forests. Several researches focused on the community forestry outcomes, but there is a paucity of studies on the implications GIS based mapping of small patches of community forests from the users perspectives. The plans have switched the users from adopting local knowledge to technical scientific knowledge. Thus, this paper explores the understanding of local communities about the forests and implications of complex GIS tools in community forestry. Taking a case study approach, this study compared participatory maps produced by the local communities with the maps produced through Landsat Image classification in terms of accuracy, acceptability by the local users and associated costs. Semi-structured interviews of community forest user groups and forest bureaucracy and focus group discussions with the users were carried out to analyse the significance of the role of GIS based mapping in community forest management. The findings revealed that participatory maps performed better in terms of accuracy, cost and acceptability by the users. The local communities found it difficult to interpret the GIS-based maps. The users considered that the forest bureaucracy is using these GIS-based maps as a means of controlling the users from a distance. Hence, blending of local and scientific knowledge will yield better results and increase the ownership of technical interventions in community forestry.
A comparative study of carbon stocks in the Sal forest (Shorea robusta) in core and buffer zones of Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Sushila , Poudel Animesh , KC Yam Bahadur
Published: January 2022

Forests play a significant role in sequestering carbon and regulating the global carbon and energy cycles. The amount of carbon in different carbon pools also varies at regional to local scales depending upon the environmental factors and forest management practices. This study was carried out to quantify and compare the carbon stocks in the Sal (S. robusta) forest in the core and buffer zones of Shuklaphanta National Park in Kanchanpur district of Nepal. A total of 50 sample plots with 25 in each core and buffer zone were laid in the field. The total carbon stock in the core zone was estimated to be 258.56 t/ha with 75.64% in biomass and 24.36% in the soil. In the buffer zone, the total carbon stock was almost 25% lower than that at the core zone but a slightly higher composition of biomass (i.e, 80.41% of 193.3 t/ha). These differences are likely due to the effect of the differences in management practice in the core and buffer zones. These estimates suggest that national parks have the great potential to sequester more carbon than the buffer zones. Findings from this study provide useful information on how different management practices could alter forest carbon stocks in Nepal.
Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Use Land Cover Change in Phewa watershed, Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Sudip Raj , Thapa Mahendra Singh , Adhikari Rabindra , Regmi Raju Raj
Published: January 2022

Geospatial tools play an important role in monitoring Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). This study assessed the extent of LULCC during 1990, 2007 and 2020 using temporal satellite imageries, and estimates LST during the study periods in relation to LULCC and explores various adaptation practices adopted in response to LST change in Phewa watershed. Landsat imageries were used for LULC classification and LST estimation. Purposive household survey (N=150), key informant survey (N=4), focus group discussion (N=4) and direct field observations were carried out to explore various adaptation practices. LULC maps was generated by using supervised classification followed by post classification change detection technique for LULCC analysis. Agricultural land and urban areas were found to have increased by 6.6% and 0.32% respectively while forest area, barren land and water bodies were found to have decreased by 1.88%, 4.41% and 0.63%, respectively, between 1990 and 2007. Forest area, urban areas and barren land had increased by 5.54%, 1.32% and 1.48%, respectively, while agricultural land and water bodies were observed to have decreased by 8.2% and 0.13%, respectively, between 2007 and 2020. The mean LST were 22.59° C, 22.81° C and 24.56° C in March-April and 14.65° C, 14.97° C and 15.27° C in January-December, respectively. Urban areas and water bodies exhibit highest and lowest mean values of LST, respectively, during study periods. LULCC due to urban growth and infrastructural developments had contributed to increase in LST. The highest rank to adaptation practices were for changes in cropping patterns and species, followed by agroforestry, use of improved seeds, shift to other income generation activities, use of more fertilizers, irrigation practices and growing vegetables in poly house which were statistically significant. This study provides scientific insights for policy makers and urban planners in improving urban planning and management.
Status and types of Chiuri (Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J.Lam) owned by Indigenous Chepang Communities in Makwanpur, Nepal
Authors: Chikanbanjar Roshan , Pun Umed K , Bhattarai Bhola
Published: January 2022

Chiuri (Diploknema butyracea) is a medium-sized tree that inhabits in sub-Himalayan tracks of steep slopes and cliffs at an elevation of 400 to 1400 meters from west to east of Nepal. It belongs to Sapotaceae family of plant kingdom. This study was conducted to assess status of Chiuri tree in Raksirang Rural Municipality (RRM) with particular interest to location, khoria aspect, age and types. Primary data were collected through questionnaire survey, interviews, informal discussion, etc. whereas secondary data were collected through desk review. Biometric data such as seed size and seed count per kg of seeds were measured using measuring scale and weighing balance. Four types of Chiuri namely Wayo, Lanyo, Titiya and Tomyo were found in RRM depending on ripening time of fruit. Most of them have Chiuri older than 30 years of age and their khoria facing south direction. Chiuri takes 6-10 years to start fruiting from seedling. Based on survey, Wayo and Lanyo were found in lower elevation whereas Titiya and Tomyo were found in higher elevation. The timing of fruit ripening was different but followed a pattern of types located in lower elevation fruiting earlier. However, defoliation timing was different and was not influenced by elevation.
Knowledge Management Enablers and Faculty’s Knowledge Sharing Behavior in Academic Institutions of Nepal
Authors: Poudel Bishwash Raj
Published: January 2022

Uncovering the factors that propel knowledge sharing behavior of faculty members in the context of Nepal shall have some practical implication. First it is a high time to move forward the discourse of implementing formalized knowledge management system in Nepal. For this, the study has identified training and development, monetary reward system, trust as significantpredictors of knowledge sharing behavior. Moreover, it is a bitter paradox of knowing and not doing. There exists knowing-internalizing-doing-being gap in knowledge management context of Nepal. The core job responsibilities of faculty members may be redefined in the contemporary period where academicians have to transform their students from knowing to doing to being state of excellence.
Topp-Leone Fréchet Distribution with Theory and Application
Authors: Sapkota Laxmi Prasad
Published: January 2022

We have defined a new distribution as a generalization of Frechet distribution called the Topp-Leone Frechet distribution. Some properties and characteristics of the proposed distribution are presented. The hazard rate function can have the shape of the reverse-j, right-skewed and unimodal. The parameters of the proposed model are estimated by employing the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method and asymptotic confidence intervals for MLEs are also provided. R software is used for computational purpose. The application of the Topp-Leone Frechet distribution is presented by considering a real dataset and found that the proposed model provided a good fit as compared with some competing models
Forecasting International Tourists Arrival to Nepal Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)
Authors: Upadhayaya Rajendra Prasad
Published: January 2022

This paper analyses the tourist arrival in Nepal during the last 56 years using various quantitative techniques. By the use of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model in projecting the tourist arrival in Nepal based on historical data. Box & Jenkins methodology has been employed to forecast a variable using a database of international tourist arrival. Autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) have been used along with Ljung-Box Statistics for the test of stationary. Parameters p, d, q has been identified based on different diagnostic test statistics such as stationary R2, MAPE, Normalized BIC, ACF, and PACF. Conclusively, the model ARIMA (1, 1, 1) has been selected with the least BIC and tourist arrival forecasted to be 1,322,000 (LCL: 919,090 and UCL: 1,724,909) in the year 2025.
Medicinal Plants and their Uses in Begnas-Rupa Lake Area Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Dwa Om Prasad
Published: January 2022

Medicinal plants contain important phytochemicals and can be used for therapeutic functions. These plants were used and inherited to the people of Nepal from generations. Such plants have been used for health care by many people in rural area and deep rooted in villages of Nepal. Therefore, these plants are valuable assets of natural vegetation.
Management Accounting Practices in Nepalese Co-operative Organizations
Authors: Neupane Mukti Prasad
Published: January 2022

Management accounting is concerned with providing both financial and non-financial information that will help decisions. An understanding of accounting therefore requires an understanding of the decision-making process and an awareness of the users of accounting. The major objective of the study will be to examine the Management accounting practices among Nepalese co-operative organizations. While analyzing the application of management accounting tools practiced in Nepalese co-operative organization for planning, controlling and decision making, it was found that Ratio Analysis, Cash flow statement and capital Budgeting are widely practiced representing. All the co-operative organizations of Nawalpur district a number of co-operatives have been considered as the total population. Till this date there are organizations in Nawalpur in existence. To make the research more reliable, 21 co-operative organizations has been considered for sample population. In average, two techniques were practiced to measure and control overall performance of Nepalese co-operative organization at the end of the year. It seems that 57.15% Nepalese cooperative organization used below average no. of year ending overall performance measuring and controlling techniques.
Effect of Biological Organic Fertilizers and Growth Regulators for Yield of Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Asrijal A.
Published: January 2022

Shallot production and productivity of Indonesia is still low; thus, needs to be increased by providing biological organic fertilizers (POH) and growth regulators (ZPT). The research was carried out in the Covid-19 Pandemic Area from December 2019 to March 2020 in Talotenreng Village, Wajo Regency. The aim of this study was to determine the shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) productivity by using POH and ZPT. Two experimental factors with the Randomized Block Design were used as method for this study. The first factor was the POH (P) concentration of 0 ml liter of water-1, 10 ml liter of water-1, 20 ml liter of water-1, and 30 liter of water-1. The second factor was the ZPT concentration (Z) of 0 ml liter of water-1, 1.0 ml liter of water-1, 1.5 ml liter of water-1, and 2.0 ml liter of water-1. The experimental results showed that the POH concentration significantly affected the weight of fresh blubs per plot and the concentration of growth regulators had a significant effect on the number of bulbs per plot and the productivity of shallots as much as 8.09 t ha-1.
Soil Characteristics on Sustainable Food Agriculture Land (LP2B) In Sawerigadi Sub-District, Muna Barat Regency
Authors: Embe Wa , Asriani A.
Published: January 2022

The research was conducted in Sawerigadi Subdistrict on Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) consisting of five profiles. The research objectives were to determine soil characteristics in physics, chemistry, biology, and to determine the level of soil fertility on it. The research method that is; 1) Land Survey, 2) Research implementation includes the both preparation stage and data collection stage (field implementation), 3) Soil analysis includes analysis of physics, chemistry and biology. Observation and carried out soil sampling were by making soil profiles at the each point. The results of the observation physical properties from the five profiles were almost the same, which had a reddish yellow to brownish yellow color with the texture of loam, clay, clay loam to silty clay. Soil structure is angular blocky and rounded blocky and has a slightly sticky to very sticky consistency. The results of laboratory analysis of the five research profiles have slightly acidic to neutral pH, very low to low C-Organic and NTotal, very low to moderate CEC, very low to very high alkali saturation, P-available is low to very high, K-available is low to moderate, and very low to high base cations (Mg, Ca, Na, K). The value from the results of laboratory analysis of the five profiles at each layer tended to decrease with soil depth. The biological characteristics of the five research profiles are related to macro and micro activity of soil fauna, a little to a lot, the existence of macro and micro activity of soil fauna depending on vegetation conditions on the soil surface. The soil fertility level of the five research profile is in the low to medium category