bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping of the central sulcus using non-invasive ultra-high-density brain recordings
Authors: Schreiner Leonhard , Jordan Michael , Sieghartsleitner Sebastian , Kapeller Christoph , Pretl Harald , Kamada Kyousuke , Asman Priscella , Ince Nuri F. , Miller Kai J. , Guger Christoph
Published: March 2024

Brain mapping is vital in understanding the brain’s functional organization. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most widely used brain mapping approaches, primarily because it is non-invasive, inexpensive, straightforward, and effective. Increasing the electrode density in EEG systems provides more neural information and can thereby enable more detailed and nuanced mapping procedures. Here, we show that the central sulcus can be clearly delineated using a novel ultra-high-density EEG system (uHD EEG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs). This uHD EEG records from 256 channels with an inter-electrode distance of 8.6 mm and an electrode diameter of 5.9 mm. Reconstructed head models were generated from T1-weighted MRI scans, and electrode positions were co-registered to these models to create topographical plots of brain activity. EEG data were first analyzed with peak detection methods and then classified using unsupervised spectral clustering. Our topography plots of the spatial distribution from the SSEPs clearly delineate a division between channels above the somatosensory and motor cortex, thereby localizing the central sulcus. Individual EEG channels could be correctly classified as anterior or posterior to the central sulcus with 95.2% accuracy, which is comparable to accuracies from invasive intracranial recordings. Our findings demonstrate that uHD EEG can resolve the electrophysiological signatures of functional representation in the brain at a level previously only seen from surgically implanted electrodes. This novel approach could benefit numerous applications, including research, neurosurgical mapping, clinical monitoring, detection of conscious function, brain–computer interfacing (BCI), rehabilitation, and mental health.
Optimizing ensemble U-Net architectures for robust coronary vessel segmentation in angiographic images
Authors: Chang Shih-Sheng , Lin Ching-Ting , Wang Wei-Chun , Hsu Kai-Cheng , Wu Ya-Lun , Liu Chia-Hao , Fann Yang C.
Published: March 2024

Automated coronary angiography assessment requires precise vessel segmentation, a task complicated by uneven contrast filling and background noise. Our research introduces an ensemble U-Net model, SE-RegUNet, designed to accurately segment coronary vessels using 100 labeled angiographies from angiographic images. SE-RegUNet incorporates RegNet encoders and squeeze-and-excitation blocks to enhance feature extraction. A dual-phase image preprocessing strategy further improves the model's performance, employing unsharp masking and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization. Following fivefold cross-validation and Ranger21 optimization, the SE-RegUNet 4GF model emerged as the most effective, evidenced by performance metrics such as a Dice score of 0.72 and an accuracy of 0.97. Its potential for real-world application is highlighted by its ability to process images at 41.6 frames per second. External validation on the DCA1 dataset demonstrated the model's consistent robustness, achieving a Dice score of 0.76 and an accuracy of 0.97. The SE-RegUNet 4GF model's precision in segmenting blood vessels in coronary angiographies showcases its remarkable efficiency and accuracy. However, further development and clinical testing are necessary before it can be routinely implemented in medical practice.
Optimizing chili production in drought stress: combining Zn-quantum dot biochar and proline for improved growth and yield
Authors: Hareem Misbah , Danish Subhan , Pervez Mahnoor , Irshad Usman , Fahad Shah , Dawar Khadim , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Datta Rahul
Published: March 2024

The reduction in crop productivity due to drought stress, is a major concern in agriculture. Drought stress usually disrupts photosynthesis by triggering oxidative stress and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The use of zinc-quantum dot biochar (ZQDB) and proline (Pro) can be effective techniques to overcome this issue. Biochar has the potential to improve the water use efficiency while proline can play an imperative role in minimization of adverse impacts of ROS Proline, functioning as an osmotic protector, efficiently mitigates the adverse effects of heavy metals on plants by maintaining cellular structure, scavenging free radicals, and ensuring the stability of cellular integrity. That’s why current study explored the impact of ZQDB and proline on chili growth under drought stress. Four treatments, i.e., control, 0.4%ZQDB, 0.1 mM Pro, and 0.4%ZQDB + Pro, were applied in 4 replications following the complete randomized design. Results exhibited that 0.4%ZQDB + Pro caused an increases in chili plant dry weight (29.28%), plant height (28.12%), fruit length (29.20%), fruit girth (59.81%), and fruit yield (55.78%) over control under drought stress. A significant increment in chlorophyll a (18.97%), chlorophyll b (49.02%), and total chlorophyll (26.67%), compared to control under drought stress, confirmed the effectiveness of 0.4%ZQDB + Pro. Furthermore, improvement in leaves N, P, and K concentration over control validated the efficacy of 0.4%ZQDB + Pro against drought stress. In conclusion, 0.4%ZQDB + Pro can mitigate drought stress in chili. More investigations are suggested to declare 0.4%ZQDB + Pro as promising amendment for mitigation of drought stress in other crops as well under changing climatic situations.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 in New Orleans, August 2020 to September 2021
Authors: Drouin Arnaud , Plumb Ian D. , McCullough Matthew , James Gist Jade , Liu Sharon , Theberge Marc , Katz Joshua , Moreida Matthew , Flaherty Shelby , Chatwani Bhoomija , Briggs Hagen Melissa , Midgley Claire M. , Fusco Dahlene
Published: March 2024

Louisiana experienced high morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. To assess possible explanatory factors, we conducted a cohort study (ClinSeqSer) of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in New Orleans during August 2020–September 2021. Following enrollment, we reviewed medical charts, and performed SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing on nasal and saliva specimens. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between patient characteristics and severe illness, defined as ≥ 6 L/min oxygen or intubation. Among 456 patients, median age was 56 years, 277 (60.5%) were Black non-Hispanic, 436 (95.2%) had underlying health conditions, and 358 were unvaccinated (92.0% of 389 verified). Overall, 187 patients (40.1%) had severe illness; 60 (13.1%) died during admission. In multivariable models, severe illness was associated with age ≥ 65 years (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.22–3.56), hospitalization > 5 days after illness onset (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01–2.21), and SARS CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) result of < 32 in saliva (OR 4.79, 95% CI 1.22–18.77). Among patients who were predominantly Black non-Hispanic, unvaccinated and with underlying health conditions, approximately 1 in 3 patients had severe COVID-19. Older age and delayed time to admission might have contributed to high case-severity. An association between case-severity and low Ct value in saliva warrants further investigation.
Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast
Authors: Khawar Masooma , Masood Zubia , Ul Hasan Habib , Khan Wali , De los Ríos-Escalante Patricio R. , Aldamigh Mashael Abdullah , Al-Sowayan Noorah Saleh , Razzaq Wajeeha , Khan Tawseef , Said Mourad Ben
Published: March 2024

Trace metals are naturally occurring metals found in very small concentrations in the environment. In the context of fish flesh, metals such as copper, calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, and manganese are absorbed by fish and play vital roles in various physiological functions. However, if these metals exceed the recommended limits set by WHO/FAO, they are termed 'toxic metals' due to their harmful impacts on both the fish and its consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the levels of protein, lipids, and certain metals—Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) in three commercially important marine fishes i.e. Rastrelliger kanagurta, Sardinella abella, and Otolithes ruber. The study also aims to assess their potential impact on human health. The macro-Kjeldhal method and Soxhlet apparatus were used to estimate protein and lipid contents, while atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to estimate trace metals found in fishes. The study found that these fish species are valuable sources of protein, lipids, and certain essential minerals. The protein content (CP) in these three species ranged from 63.35 to 86.57%, while lipid content was from 21.05 to 23.86%. The overall results of the trace metal concentrations analyzed in the present study revealed that Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) were found in low concentration or traces and also within suitable ranges as set by WHO/FAO. However, Iron (Fe) was absent in all three species. Moreover, both copper and potassium were found in all three species, while Zinc was present in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Sardinella abella, calcium in Sardinella abella, and sodium in Otolithes ruber only. Titanium was recorded for the first time in S. abella. However, the total health risk assessment associated with these fish food consumption was measured by THQ and TTHQ and found to be less than 1, which shows no potential risk related to trace metals found in these fishes on human health upon their consumption. In conclusion, these commercially important marine fish species were found valuable sources of protein, lipids, and essential trace minerals that are necessary for human health. Thus, the current study provides useful information for the local population to make informed decisions about their daily diets and highlights the importance of sustainable fishing practices to maintain these valuable marine resources by periodical monitoring of their ecosystem.
An asynchronous wireless network for capturing event-driven data from large populations of autonomous sensors
Authors: Lee Jihun , Lee Ah-Hyoung , Leung Vincent , Laiwalla Farah , Lopez-Gordo Miguel Angel , Larson Lawrence , Nurmikko Arto
Published: March 2024

Networks of spatially distributed radiofrequency identification sensors could be used to collect data in wearable or implantable biomedical applications. However, the development of scalable networks remains challenging. Here we report a wireless radiofrequency network approach that can capture sparse event-driven data from large populations of spatially distributed autonomous microsensors. We use a spectrally efficient, low-error-rate asynchronous networking concept based on a code-division multiple-access method. We experimentally demonstrate the network performance of several dozen submillimetre-sized silicon microchips and complement this with large-scale in silico simulations. To test the notion that spike-based wireless communication can be matched with downstream sensor population analysis by neuromorphic computing techniques, we use a spiking neural network machine learning model to decode prerecorded open source data from eight thousand spiking neurons in the primate cortex for accurate prediction of hand movement in a cursor control task.
Accelerated nitrogen cycling on Mediterranean seagrass leaves at volcanic CO2 vents
Authors: Berlinghof Johanna , Montilla Luis M. , Peiffer Friederike , Quero Grazia M. , Marzocchi Ugo , Meador Travis B. , Margiotta Francesca , Abagnale Maria , Wild Christian , Cardini Ulisse
Published: March 2024

Seagrass meadows form highly productive and diverse ecosystems in coastal areas worldwide, where they are increasingly exposed to ocean acidification (OA). Efficient nitrogen (N) cycling and uptake are essential to maintain plant productivity, but the effects of OA on N transformations in these systems are poorly understood. Here we show that complete N cycling occurs on leaves of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica at a volcanic CO2 vent near Ischia Island (Italy), with OA affecting both N gain and loss while the epiphytic microbial community structure remains largely unaffected. Daily leaf-associated N2 fixation contributes to 35% of the plant’s N demand under ambient pH, while it contributes to 45% under OA. Nitrification potential is only detected under OA, and N-loss via N2 production increases, although the balance remains decisively in favor of enhanced N gain. Our work highlights the role of the N-cycling microbiome in seagrass adaptation to OA, with key N transformations accelerating towards increased N gain.
Forecasts of fog events in northern India dramatically improve when weather prediction models include irrigation effects
Authors: Smith Daniel K. E. , Reka Srinivas , Dorling Stephen R. , Ross Andrew N. , Renfrew Ian A. , Jayakumar A. , Anurose T. J. , Parde Avinash N. , Ghude Sachin D. , Rumbold Heather
Published: March 2024

Dense wintertime fog regularly impacts Delhi, severely affecting road and rail transport, aviation and human health. Recent decades have seen an unexplained increase in fog events over northern India, coincident with a steep rise in wintertime irrigation associated with the introduction of double-cropping. Accurate fog forecasting is challenging due to a high sensitivity to numerous processes across many scales, and uncertainties in representing some of these in state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction models. Here we show fog event simulations over northern India with and without irrigation, revealing that irrigation counteracts a common model dry bias, dramatically improving the simulation of fog. Evaluation against satellite products and surface measurements reveals a better spatial extent and temporal evolution of the simulated fog events. Increased use of irrigation over northern India in winter provides a plausible explanation for the observed upward trend in fog events, highlighting the critical need for optimisation of irrigation practices.
Radar near-field sensing using metasurface for biomedical applications
Authors: Bagheri Mohammad Omid , Gharamohammadi Ali , Abu-Sardanah Serene , Ramahi Omar M. , Shaker George
Published: March 2024

Metasurfaces, promising technology exemplified by their precise manipulation of incident wave properties and exquisite control over electromagnetic field propagation, offer unparalleled benefits when integrated into radar systems, providing higher resolution and increased sensitivity. Here, we introduce a metasurface-enhanced millimeter-wave radar system for advanced near-field bio-sensing, underscoring its adaptability to the skin-device interface, and heightened diagnostic precision in non-invasive healthcare monitoring. The low-profile planar metasurface, featuring a phase-synthesized array for near-field impedance matching, integrates with radar antennas to concentrate absorbed power density within the skin medium while simultaneously improving the received power level, thereby enhancing sensor signal-to-noise ratio. Measurement verification employs a phantom with material properties resembling human skin within the radar frequency range of 58 to 63 GHz. Results demonstrate a notable increase of over 11 dB in near-field Poynting power density within the phantom model, while radar signal processing analysis indicates a commensurate improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, thus facilitating enhanced sensing in biomedical applications.
Green biomanufacturing of edible antiviral therapeutics for managed pollinators
Authors: Ricigliano Vincent A. , McMenamin Alexander , Martin Ewert Allyson , Adjaye Daniela , Simone-Finstrom Michael , Rainey Victor P.
Published: March 2024

Managed bees are important agricultural pollinators threatened by declines linked to multi-host RNA viruses. Here, we developed a novel antiviral platform for bees using the edible photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973. Cyanobacterial biomass was engineered to induce RNA interference (RNAi) immune responses when fed to bees. Treatments targeting deformed wing virus—a notorious pathogen—suppressed viral infection and improved survival in honey bees. This design presents a versatile and sustainable therapeutic that can be directly incorporated into supplemental feeds for managed pollinators to mitigate viruses and support global food security.
Synthesis of amine derivatives from furoin and furil over a Ru/Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Gao Li , Delle Piane Massimo , Corno Marta , Jiang Fan , Raja Robert , Pera-Titus M.
Published: March 2024

The direct/reductive amination of carbohydrate-based furoin and furil with NH3/H2 was investigated to access amine derivatives.
Theabrownin from Fu Brick tea ameliorates high-fat induced insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in mice by altering the composition and metabolites of gut microbiota
Authors: Lu Zhongting , Zheng Yan , Zheng Juan , Liang Qijian , Zhen Qingcai , Cui Mengjie , Yang Haoru , Wu Haotian , Tian Cuixia , Zhu Kangming , Bian Chunyong , Du Lei , Wu Hao , Guo Xin
Published: March 2024

The composition and metabolites of gut microbiota play important roles in improving insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation by theabrownin from Fu Brick tea.
Ebselen analogues with dual human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory and antiradical activity
Authors: Crocetti Letizia , Catarzi Francesca , Giovannoni Maria Paola , Vergelli Claudia , Bartolucci Gianluca , Pallecchi Marco , Paoli Paola , Rossi Patrizia , Lippi Martina , Schepetkin Igor A. , Quinn Mark T. , Guerrini Gabriella
Published: March 2024

HNE inhibitors with antiradical properties may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of respiratory diseases involving inflammation and oxidative stress.
Effect of computationally designed fragment-based analogs on the RBD–ACE2 complex of the SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant
Authors: Lata Surabhi , Akif Mohd.
Published: March 2024

Modulation of the RBD–ACE2 complex formation and perturbation in their interface by the designed analogs.
Photoinduced cobalt catalyzed site selective alkylation of 2-pyridones
Authors: Li Chenyue , Li Jing , Jiang Zibin , Xu Yiwei , Xiong Hujie , Liu Fei-Long , Liu Tingting , Ye Fei , Wu Chenggui
Published: March 2024

A selective C3- and C6-alkylation reaction of 2-pyridone by a direct C–H functionalization approach was used to access 2-pyridone derivatives, utilizing a photo-induced cobalt-catalyzed alkyl radical selective addition process.
A review on vegetable oil-based non isocyanate polyurethane: towards a greener and sustainable production route
Authors: Rayung Marwah , Ghani Noraini Abd , Hasanudin Norhafizah
Published: March 2024

The transition from conventional polyurethane (PU) to non isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is driven mainly by safety concerns, environmental considerations, and sustainability issues associated with the current PU technology.
Non-equilibrium defect chemistry in oxygen-rich zinc oxide nano-tetrapods synthesized using atmospheric pressure microplasma
Authors: Padmanaban Dilli babu , Maguire Paul , Mariotti Davide
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoscale tetrapods (nTPs) using an atmospheric pressure microplasma with a metal wire as a sacrificial electrode.
FeHS vacancies in a Prussian white cathode leads to enhanced FeLS activity and electrode kinetics for boosted K+ storage
Authors: Zi Shun , Wang Zixing , Ke Jinlong , Mo Ying , Wang Kexuan , Chen Shi , Tang Rui , Li Yanhua , Gao Peng , Liu Jilei
Published: March 2024

High-spin Fe vacancies are successfully introduced into the lattice structure of Prussian white by adjusting synthesis temperatures, which facilitates K+ diffusion and stabilizes the host structure, thus resulting in enhanced K+ storage capability.
Electrochemical phase transition of ionic hydrogels
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Zhang Lidong
Published: March 2024

A general electrochemistry protocol is proposed which changes the local pH by electrode reactions and enables a spatially patterned phase transition on the surface of hydrogels, showing great potential in informatics, cryptology, and security areas.
Temporal variability and regional influences of PM2.5 in the West African cities of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Accra (Ghana)
Authors: Bahino Julien , Giordano Michael , Beekmann Matthias , Yoboué Véronique , Ochou Arsène , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Liousse Cathy , Hughes Allison , Nimo James , Lemmouchi Farouk , Cuesta Juan , Amegah A. Kofi , Subramanian R.
Published: March 2024

Study uses real-time monitors to analyze PM2.5 in Abidjan & Accra, revealing diurnal & seasonal patterns, highlighting city differences, & showing Saharan dust impact. Emphasizes RAMPs' efficacy & need for robust monitoring in West African cities.
Zeolite catalysts for non-oxidative ethane dehydrogenation to ethylene
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Liang , Xiao Feng-Shou
Published: March 2024

The conversion of ethane to ethylene is crucial for deriving platform chemicals from non-petroleum feedstock.
Modulation of Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles to promote the photocurrent response for light-enhanced pseudocapacitive charge storage
Authors: Xie Jing , Zhong Yuhao , Meng Weiting , Feng Xiaobo , Zhu Ting
Published: March 2024

Bifunctional CC@Cu/Cu2O photoelectrodes are prepared for light-enhanced pseudocapacitive charge storage, and have achieved a high capacitance retention of 92% after 5000 cycles under light irradiation.
Copper supported modified magnetic carrageenan as a bio-based catalyst for the synthesis of novel scaffolds bearing the 1,2,3-triazole unit through the click reaction
Authors: Khaleghi Nima , Esmkhani Maryam , Noori Milad , Dastyafteh Navid , Ghomi Minoo Khalili , Mahdavi Mohammad , Sayahi Mohammad Hosein , Javanshir Shahrzad
Published: March 2024

Design of a novel library of new 1,2,3-triazole-attached phenyl acetamidesviamolecular hybridization of propargyl and phenylacetamide derivatives using copper-supported modified magnetic carrageenan as a green heterogeneous catalyst.
Recycling of metals from LiFePO4 battery cathode material by using ionic liquid based-aqueous biphasic systems
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Benstead Maia , Peeters Nand , Binnemans Koen
Published: March 2024

Lithium and iron were recycled from LiFePO4 battery cathode material via leaching, separation by ionic liquid-based ABS and precipitation.
Comparison of the effectiveness of two piperazine based nano-catalysts in the synthesis of benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles and use of the powerful one in the N-Boc protection of amines
Authors: Mousapour Maryam , Shirini Farhad
Published: March 2024

In this work, a comparison between the catalytic activity of two piperazine based ionic liquids immobilized on ZnO NPs and SiO2 NPs is presented in the synthesis of benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles.
A green bio-organic catalyst (taurine) promoted one-pot synthesis of (R/S)-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine(TDHPM)-5-carboxanilides: chiral investigations using circular dichroism and validation by computational approaches
Authors: Parmar Mehul P. , Vala Disha P. , Bhalodiya Savan S. , Upadhyay Dipti B. , Patel Chirag D. , Patel Subham G. , Gandholi Srinivasa R. , Shaik Althaf H. , Miller Amy Dunne , Nogales Joaquina , Banerjee Sourav , Padrón José M. , Amri Nasser , Kandukuri Nagesh Kumar , Patel Hitendra M.
Published: March 2024

Twenty-three new derivatives of (R/S)-TDHPM-5-carboxanilide have been synthesized with up to 99% yield. All racemates were separated using chiral HPLC (Prep LC) which provided up to 99.99% purity. AC was determined using circular dichroism spectra.
Consecutive π-Lewis acidic metal-catalysed cyclisation/photochemical radical addition promoted by in situ generated 2-benzopyrylium as the photoredox catalyst
Authors: Terada Masahiro , Yazaki Ryohei , Obayashi Ren , Iwasaki Zen , Umemiya Shigenobu , Kikuchi Jun
Published: March 2024

2-Benzopyrylium intermediates, generated in situ through a π-Lewis acidic metal-catalysed cyclisation of ortho-carbonyl alkynylbenzenes, were used not only as photoredox catalysts but also as electrophiles to form 1H-isochromene derivatives.
Slide electrification of drops at low velocities
Authors: Hinduja Chirag , Butt Hans-Jürgen , Berger Rüdiger
Published: March 2024

The novelty of our electro drop friction force instrument (eDoFFI) is the simultaneous measurements of the drop discharging current and friction force acting on the sliding drops. With eDOFFI, we measure the surface charge density deposited behind sliding drops.
Quantification of single crystallinity in single crystal cathodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cha Ju-Young , Hong Jinseok , Kim Minki , Jung Yongjo , Chang Joon Ha , Kim Hyunbin , Kim Sojin , Kim Ju Seong , Lee Seon-Hwa , Hong Kijoo , Lee Seung-Yong
Published: March 2024

A novel method for quantifying the degree of single crystallization in single crystal cathodes is proposed based on 4D-STEM-ASTAR.
Rejuvenating manganese-based rechargeable batteries: fundamentals, status and promise
Authors: Bao Weizhai , Shen Hao , Zhang Yangyang , Qian Chengfei , Cui Dingyu , Xia Jingjie , Liu He , Guo Cong , Yu Feng , Li Jingfa , Sun Kaiwen
Published: March 2024

Energy storage devices with advanced rechargeable batteries are highly demanded by our modern society.
Doping engineering of phosphorus-based polyanion-type cathodes for sodium storage: a review
Authors: Wang Xiaoxue , Xu Yuhui , Xi Yukun , Yang Xiaoli , Wang Jingjing , Huang Xing , Li Wenbin , Xu Kaihua , Zhang Kun , Duan Ruixian , Liu Dongzhu , Hou Ningjing , Yang Zihao , Wang Hui , Li Xifei
Published: March 2024

This review addresses four key factors and underlying mechanisms of doping engineering from crystal-field, molecular orbital, and ligand-field theory.
Expanding the scope of self-assembled supramolecular biosensors: a highly selective and sensitive enzyme-responsive AIE-based fluorescent biosensor for trypsin detection and inhibitor screening
Authors: Kaur Jasvir , Mirgane Harshad A. , Patil Vrushali S. , Ahlawat Geetika M. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. , Singh Prabhat K.
Published: March 2024

An innovative ‘Turn-On' detection platform for trypsin using AIE-based fluorescence with S-βCD and TPE-IM for high sensitivity and selectivity.
Alloying strategy for developing a single-band warm white emitting material Cs2NaGdCl6:Bi3+via Ag+ co-doping
Authors: Jin Qianrong , Shi Jinrong , Jin Jianwei , Xu Wenli , Chen Suqin , Pan Yuexiao
Published: March 2024

A single-band warm white light covering almost the entire visible spectrum was obtained via alloying with Ag+ in a rare-earth-based inorganic perovskite crystal CNAGC:Bi3+.
Stimulated-source-independent persistent luminescence phosphor Sr2Ta2O7:Tb3+, Tm3+ for multi-mode anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Li Zexun , Xiang Jinmeng , Chen Changheng , Wu Ziyang , Jin Minkun , Zhao Xiaoqi , Zhao Lei , Guo Chongfeng
Published: March 2024

The multi-mode luminescent anti-counterfeiting materials Sr2Ta2O7:Tb3+, Tm3+ were prepared, which possessed DC, UC, PSL, and PersL modes.
Prognostic and clinical significance of tumor-associated macrophages in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after surgery: do biomarkers and distributions matter?
Authors: Yi Bin , Zeng Jun , Li Linfeng , Zhang Junjie , Chen Yufan , Gao Yang
Published: March 2024

Background: The role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following surgery remains controversial. Hence, we performed the present study to systematically analyze the prognostic and clinical significance of distinct TAMs biomarkers and distributions in ESCC patients underwent surgery.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched up to March 31, 2023. The pooled analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of TAMs on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and clinicopathological characteristics using fixed-effects or random-effect model.

Results: Involving a total of 2,502 ESCC patients underwent surgery from 15 studies, the results suggested that the total count of CD68+ TAMs was inversely associated with OS and DFS in ESCC patients, which was also noticed in the relationship of CD68+ TAMs in tumor islet (TI) with OS (all P<0.05), although no association between CD68+ TAMs in tumor stroma (TS) and OS (P>0.05). Moreover, either islet or stromal CD163+ TAMs density was a prognostic factor ESCC (all P<0.05). Similarly, an elevated CD204+ TAMs density in TI predicted a poor DFS (P<0.05), although CD204+ TAMs in TI had no relationship with OS (P>0.05). Besides, a high CD68+ TAMs density was significantly associated with lymphatic vessel invasion, vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05).

Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the prognostic and clinical significance of TAMs in ESCC patients underwent surgery. TAMs should be considered a target that could improve prognostic stratification and clinical outcomes in ESCC after surgery.
CHEX-MATE: A LOFAR pilot X-ray – radio study on five radio halo clusters
Authors: Balboni M. , Gastaldello F. , Bonafede A. , Botteon A. , Bartalucci I. , Bourdin H. , Brunetti G. , Cassano R. , De Grandi S. , De Luca F. , Ettori S. , Ghizzardi S. , Gitti M. , Iqbal A. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Lovisari L. , Mazzotta P. , Molendi S. , Pointecouteau E. , Pratt G. W. , Riva G. , Rossetti M. , Rottgering H. , Sereno M. , van Weeren R. J. , Venturi T. , Veronesi I.
Published: March 2024

The connection between the thermal and non-thermal properties in galaxy clusters hosting radio halos seems fairly well established. However, a comprehensive analysis of such a connection has only been done for integrated quantities (e.g. LX − Pradio relation). In recent years, new-generation radio telescopes have enabled the unprecedented possibility to study the non-thermal properties of galaxy clusters on a spatially resolved basis. In this work, we performed a pilot study to investigate the mentioned properties on five targets by combining X-ray data from the CHEX-MATE project with the second data release from the LOFAR Two meter Sky survey. We find a strong correlation (rs ∼ 0.7) with a slope less than unity between the radio and X-ray surface brightness. We also report differences in the spatially resolved properties of the radio emission in clusters that show different levels of dynamical disturbance. In particular, less perturbed clusters (according to X-ray parameters) show peaked radio profiles in the centre, with a flattening in the outer regions, while the three dynamically disturbed clusters have steeper profiles in the outer regions. We fitted a model to the radio emission in the context of turbulent re-acceleration with a constant ratio between thermal and non-thermal particles’ energy densities and a magnetic field profile linked to the thermal gas density as B(r) ∝ nth0.5. We found that this simple model cannot reproduce the behaviour of the observed radio emission.
An in-depth analysis of the variable cyclotron lines in GX 301−2
Authors: Zalot Nicolas , Sokolova-Lapa Ekaterina , Stierhof Jakob , Ballhausen Ralf , Zainab Aafia , Pottschmidt Katja , Fürst Felix , Thalhammer Philipp , Islam Nazma , Diez Camille M. , Kretschmar Peter , Berger Katrin , Rothschild Richard , Malacaria Christian , Pradhan Pragati , Wilms Jörn
Published: March 2024

Context.The high-mass X-ray binary system GX 301−2 is a persistent source with a well-known variable cyclotron line centered at 35 keV. Recently, a second cyclotron line at 50 keV has been reported with a presumably different behavior than the 35 keV line.

Aims.We investigate the presence of the newly discovered cyclotron line in the phase-averaged and phase-resolved spectra at higher luminosities than before. We further aim to determine the pulse-phase variability of both lines.

Methods.We analyze aNuSTARobservation of GX 301−2 covering the pre-periastron flare, where the source luminosity reached its peak of ∼4 × 1037 erg s−1in the 5–50 keV range. We analyze the phase-averaged spectra in theNuSTARenergy range from 3.5–79 keV for both the complete observation and three time segments of it. We further analyze the phase-resolved spectra and the pulse-phase variability of continuum and cyclotron line parameters.

Results.We confirm that the description of the phase-averaged spectrum requires a second absorption feature at 51.5−1.0+1.1keV besides the established line at 35 keV. The statistical significance of this feature in the phase-averaged spectrum is > 99.999%. We further find that the 50 keV cyclotron line is present in three out of the eight phase bins.

Conclusions.Based on the results of our analysis, we confirm that the detected absorption feature is very likely to be a cyclotron line. We discuss a variety of physical scenarios that could explain the proposed anharmonicity, but also outline circumstances under which the lines are harmonically related. We further present the cyclotron line history of GX 301−2 and evaluate concordance among each other. We also discuss an alternative spectral model including cyclotron line emission wings.
Phobos photometric properties from Mars Express HRSC observations
Authors: Fornasier S. , Wargnier A. , Hasselmann P. H. , Tirsch D. , Matz K.-D. , Doressoundiram A. , Gautier T. , Barucci M. A.
Published: March 2024

Aims. This study aims to analyze Phobos’ photometric properties using Mars Express mission observations to support the Martian Moons exploration mission (MMX) devoted to the investigation of the Martian system and to the return of Phobos samples.

Methods. We analyzed resolved images of Phobos acquired between 2004 and 2022 by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on board the Mars Express spacecraft at a resolution ranging from ~30 m px−1 to 330 m px−1. We used data acquired with the blue, green, red, and IR filters of HRSC and the panchromatic data of the Super Resolution Channel (SRC). The SRC data are unique because they cover small phase angles (0.2–10°), permitting the investigation of the Phobos opposition effect. We simulated illumination and geometric conditions for the different observations using the Marx Express and the camera spice kernels provided by the HRSC team. We performed photometric analysis using the Hapke model for both integrated and disk-resolved data.

Results. The Phobos phase function is characterized by a strong opposition effect due to shadow hiding, with an amplitude and a half-width of the opposition surge of 2.28±0.03 and 0.0573±0.0001, respectively. Overall, the surface of Phobos is dark, with a geometric albedo of 6.8% in the green filter and backscattering. Its single-scattering albedo (SSA) value (7.2% in the green filter) is much higher than what has been found for primitive asteroids and cometary nuclei and is close to the values reported in the literature for Ceres. We also found a surface porosity of 87%, indicating the presence of a thick dust mantle or of fractal aggregates on the top surface. The SSA maps revealed high reflectance variability, with the blue unit area in the northeast Stickney rim being up to 65% brighter than average, while the Stickney floor is among the darkest regions, with reflectance 10 to 20% lower than average. Photometric modeling of the regions of interest selected in the red and blue units indicates that red unit terrains have a stronger opposition effect and a smaller SSA value than the blue ones, but they have similar porosity and backscattering properties.

Conclusions. The HRSC data provide a unique investigation of the Phobos phase function and opposition surge, which is valuable information for the MMX observational planning. The Phobos opposition surge, surface porosity, phase integral, and spectral slope are very similar to the values observed for the comet 67P and for Jupiter family comets in general. Based on these similarities, we formulate a hypothesis that the Mars satellites might be the results of a binary or bilobated comet captured by Mars.
An approximation method for exact controls of vibrating systems with numerical viscosity
Authors: Cîndea Nicolae , Micu Sorin , Rovenţa Ionel , Tudor Mihai
Published: March 2024

We analyze a method for the approximation of exact controls of a second order infinite dimensional system with bounded input operator. The algorithm combines Russell’s “stabilizability implies controllability” principle and a finite elements method of order θ with vanishing numerical viscosity. We show that the algorithm is convergent for any initial data in the energy space and that the error is of order θ for sufficiently smooth initial data. Both results are consequences of the uniform exponential decay of the discrete solutions guaranteed by the added viscosity and improve previous estimates obtained in the literature. Several numerical examples for the wave and the beam equations are presented to illustrate the method analyzed in this article.
Microstructural and corrosion behaviours of dissimilar friction stir welded aluminium alloys
Authors: Attah Benjamin I. , Medupin RASAQ O. , Ipilakyaa Tertsegha D. , Okoro Uzoma G , Adedipe Oyewole , Sule Gowon , Ikumapayi Omolayo Michael , Bala Katsina C. , Akinlabi Esther T. , Lawal Sunday A. , Abdulrahman Asipita S.
Published: March 2024

In this study, the friction stir welding (FSW) process was employed to investigate the effect of tool geometry on the corrosion behaviour and microstructure of friction stir welded AA7075-7651 and AA1200-H19 using Central Composite Design. The workpieces were machined and welded, and the interfaces were milled. A 2-level full factorial experimental design was deployed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A rotational speed of 1500 rpm, welding speed of 30, 60, and 90 mm/min, and a 2° tilt angle of the tool with a plunge force of 7 kN were utilized. The results show that regardless of the tool geometry, multi-response optimum weldment can be achieved at 60 mm/min welding speed and a tilt angle. The microstructure of the optimal weldments presents an ‘onion ring’ pattern, indicating proper mixing of the alloys during FSW. Analysis of the corrosion behaviour revealed a decrease in the polarization resistance when the transverse speed increased from 30 to 90 mm/min, as polarization resistance has a direct relationship with corrosion rate. It can be concluded that FSW ensures excellent weldment, as evident in the microstructural evolution of the resulting weldments, and that tool geometry plays a significant role in the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the alloys.
Can an educational video improve the adequacy of bowel preparation for patients undergoing their first colonoscopy? Results of the EBOPS RCT
Authors: Archer Thomas , Corfe Bernard , Dear Keith , Cole Andy , Foley Stephen , Andreyev H Jervoise N , Fateen Waleed , Baxter Andrew , Riley Stuart , Parra-Blanco Adolfo , Thoufeeq Mo ,   The EBOPS study group
Published: March 2024

Background and study aims The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an educational video on the quality of bowel preparation of patients from a UK population attending for their first colonoscopy.

Patients and methods A prospective, endoscopist-blinded trial with 1:1 allocation was performed. Patients referred for their first colonoscopy were recruited between February 2019 and December 2019. All participants were prescribed Moviprep and received the trial site’s standard written bowel preparation instructions, with the intervention group also receiving a bespoke educational video. Adequacy of bowel preparation (defined as a Boston Bowel Preparation Scale of ≥2 in each segment of the bowel) and polyp detection rates (PDRs) were compared. Fisher’s chi squared test was utilized with P <0.05 as the threshold for significance.

Results A total of 509 participants completed the trial from six centers; 251 were randomized to the intervention group. The mean age was 57 years and 52.3% were female. The primary endpoint was met with an adequacy rate of 216 of 251 (86.1%) in the intervention group, compared with 205 of 259 (79.1%) in the control group (P <0.05, odds ratio [OR] 1.626, 95% CI 1.017–2.614). The PDR was significantly higher in the intervention group (39% vs 30%, OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04–2.19, P <0.05).

Conclusions An educational video leads to improved bowel preparation for patients attending for their first colonoscopy, and is also associated with greater detection of polyps. Widespread adoption of an educational video incurs minimal investment, but would reduce the number of inadequate procedures, missed pathology, and the cost that both these incur.
Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) interventions to improve real-world endoscopy unit productivity
Authors: Bradley Christopher , Sumethasorn Matt , Kim Jin Sun , Wang Sarah , Martinez Leslie , Chang Megan , Lemus Lillian , Katebian Behrod , Bruce Dara , Lee Andy , Baden Rachel , Yee Hal , Buxbaum James
Published: March 2024

Background and study aims The Plan-Do-Study Act (PDSA) ramp is a framework that uses initial small changes to build consensus and momentum for subsequent, iterative process improvement. Our aim was to study its impact on endoscopy unit efficiency and throughput.

Methods Following a granular time-and-motion analysis to evaluate baseline performance (phase 1) we instituted successive interventions and measured their impact on core efficiency metrics including procedure volume and turnover time (phases 2–3).

Results We identified that inefficiency in turnover of anesthesia-supported endoscopy was the most crucial issue. Implementation of a pre-procedure anesthesia visit in phase 2 reduced turnover time by 15.5 minutes (95% confidence interval 3.9–27.1 minutes). Subsequent changes (phase 3) including front-loaded procedure scheduling and parallel in-room preparation resulted in an 18% increase in procedure volume.

Conclusions The PDSA ramp model is an effective means of assessing operational processes, developing novel interventions, and building consensus to improve the real-world productivity in a resource-conscious manner.
Novel treatment with double scope technique for disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome with external pancreatic fistula
Authors: Singla Vikas , Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Singh Pankaj , Bopanna Sawan , Shawl Muzaffer Rashid , Soni Harish , Goel Akash , Madan Kaushal , Garg Pallavi , Bhargava Richa
Published: March 2024

Background and study aims External pancreatic fistula in association with disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome is a common sequelae of the percutaneous step-up approach for infected pancreatic necrosis and is associated with significant morbidity. The present study aimed to report the initial outcome of a novel technique of two-scope guided tractogastrostomy for management of this condition.

Patients and methods The present study was a retrospective analysis of data from patients with external pancreatic fistula and disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome, who underwent two-scope-guided tractogastrostomy. All the patients had a 24F or larger drain placed in the left retroperitoneum. Transgastric echo endoscopy and sinus tract endoscopy were performed simultaneously to place a stent between the gastric lumen and the sinus tract. Technical success was defined as placement of the stent between the tract and the stomach. Clinical success was defined as successful removal of the percutaneous drain without the occurrence of pancreatic fluid collection, ascites, external fistula, or another intervention 12 weeks after the procedure.

Results Three patients underwent two scope-guided tractogastrostomy. Technical and clinical success were achieved in all the patients. No procedure-related side effects or recurrence occurred in any of the patients.

Conclusions Two-scope-guided tractogastrostomy for treatment of external pancreatic fistula due to disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome is a feasible technique and can be further evaluated.
A Cadaveric Study on Perforator Anatomy of the Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Titus Helen Mary , Sreedevi Sarath Radhakrishnapillai , Parameswaran Sabu Chaniveliyil , Malathi Lekshmi
Published: March 2024

Background The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap was described by Cavadas et al in 2001. The aim of this study was to analyze the flap characteristics in the regional population and was planned as a cadaveric dissection study.

Methods Thirty-three legs of fresh cadavers were studied for perforator characteristics, length, and origin of pedicle and skin paddle thickness. Observations were documented and analyzed.

Results Seventeen right legs (51.5%) and sixteen left legs (48.5%) were studied. Twenty-five pedicles originated from popliteal artery (86.2%) and four (13.8%) from the common sural trunk. No perforators were seen in four legs. The mean number of perforators is 2 (0–6). The mean distance of perforator from midpoint of popliteal fossa was 10.7 cm (8–13 cm) and from posterior midline it was 3.2 cm. The mean size of the perforator was 1.1 ± 0.8 mm (0.8–1.5 mm). The mean pedicle length was 9.3 ± 1.3 cm. The mean flap thickness was 4.3 ± 0.7 mm (3.0–5.5 mm). There was no correlation for flap or perforator characteristics with side of leg.

Conclusion This study concludes that MSAP is a good flap in terms of perforator characteristics, pedicle length, and flap thickness, when a medium sized thin flap with long pedicle is needed. The location of perforator on calf varies in different population. Being a perforator flap, anatomical variability is common and should be thought of while choosing this flap.
The Impact of Social Vulnerability on Substance Use Detection Practices in Pregnancy
Authors: Lijewski Virginia A. , Aldrich Heather , Straub Heather L.
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to synthesize current literature regarding the impact of social vulnerability on pregnancy-related substance use detection in the United States and highlight disparities in substance use detection practices. Clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, PubMed (includes MEDLINE), and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): ([“pregnancy” or “prenatal”] AND [“substance use screening” or “urine toxicology testing” or “toxicology testing” or “urine drug screening” or “CRAFFT” or “4P's” or “4P's Plus” or “NIDA Quick Screen” or “DAST-10” or “SURP-P” or “WIDUS”], AND (“bias” or “disparities” or “social vulnerability”]). The search included systematic reviews, prospective and retrospective studies, randomized controlled trials, case studies, and qualitative and quantitative research from January 2014 through November 2023. Selected literature was limited to studies published in English, which included a study population of either pregnant individuals or pregnancy health care providers in the United States, and that were focused on inequities in pregnancy substance use detection. Using Covidence, three authors screened abstracts, and two screened full articles for inclusion. The included studies were evaluated for quality of evidence using the mixed methods appraisal tool. The search yielded 4,188 manuscripts; 37 were eligible for full review. A total of 18 manuscripts were included based on the relevancy of the topic. The most common social vulnerability domain identified was minority status (17/18), followed by socioeconomic status (11/18), household characteristics (8/18), and housing type (1/18). Social vulnerability plays a role in substance use detection among pregnant individuals. Most notably, race and ethnicity, age, and public insurance lead to increased rates of detection, though most individual factors need to be studied in greater depth. This study was registered with PROSPERO (PROSPERO ID CRD42022352598), the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

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