bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Trends in Economic Cybersecurity
Authors: Shitova Yu. Yu. , Shitov Yu. A.
Published: February 2020

This paper is devoted to the analysis of modern trends in economic cybersecurity. We analysed the dynamics of cyber-attacks over the past five years and, particularly, pointed on the main trends of 2018 year. Our analysis showed great diversity and variety of cyber-criminal actions: global espionage, financial attacks, card fraud, information theft and phishing, network attacks and traffic interception, cryptographers and extortionists, crypto-jacking. Further, we attempted to predict cyber threats that await us soon. We expected the main problems come from smart cyber-attacks, based on the latest technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), as well as exploiting the vulnerabilities of the Internet of Things. Therefore, we ought to apply integrated approaches using the same innovative technologies. The cyber-crime industry will increasingly consolidate — the efforts will be focused on automating and streaming criminal cyber activities, and new technologies will further reduce the cost of searching for vulnerabilities. It means development of hacking tools while accelerating the speed and scale of attacks. We must implement an integrated, echeloned approach with the same innovative technologies of AI and MO used by hackers, to fight effectively with future cyber threats. Small and medium businesses will have the opportunity to purchase a cyber-defence service. An improvement of the internal IT culture in the company remains the critical issue, which is still a weak link in the chain and the target of cyber-attacks. We discuss the measures of legislative state support in Europe and Russia against cybercrime in the final section of the paper, followed by conclusion.
Methodology for Defining the Digital Economy
Authors: Belousov Yu. V. , Timofeeva O. I.
Published: February 2020

The digital economy is a new, quite fast developing, social and economic phenomenon. The economic theory lags significantly behind the dynamics of this phenomenon. Until now, the term digital economy has been understood by analytical and empirical specialists as various phenomena and processes. In this article, we propose a new approach to defining the essence of the digital economy. Thus, we analyse available definitions of the term digital economy based mainly on the sectoral approach. Here arise problematic issues when using this approach to the definition of the digital economy. Besides, we make a distinction between the terms the digital economy and the digital sector of economy, as well as a criterion to distinguish the digital and non-digital economy. We pay much attention to new approaches to defining the digital economy. Some researchers based the research and the definition, taking into account the impact of a man as an operator of production processes acting on objects and instruments. On the contrary, in this article we define the digital economy as an economic activity of people focusing on a feature that the impact of a person as a manufacturer of products is not on objects of labour and instruments but management systems of such instruments. So, the non-digital economy is characterised by the impact of a person on objects or instruments. Firstly, the digital sector of the economy is production where a person influences the systems of instrument management. Secondly, the development and design of new systems of instrument management. Results of theoretical studies of the essence of the digital economy have essential applications. First of all, it concerns the issues of state policy development in the digital economy.
The Geek-Culture as the New Youth Sociocultural Phenomenon of Contemporary Russian Society
Authors: Vladimirov I. A.
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of geek-culture as a youth sociocultural phenomenon of contemporary Russian society. The author paid special attention to the ideas of Alvin Toffler, who revealed the trend of fragmentation of society into mini-cultures that eventually turn into subcultures. New modern subcultural associations do not try to isolate themselves from the universal cultural space. They seek to integrate into the world cultural space. The result is the formation of super-subcultures. One of such supersubcultures is the geek-culture, which is actively developing both in Western and Russian societies. The empirical base of the study was the results of B. Sattles’ research, based on data of the social network “Twitter”. The author paid attention to social and journalistic interpretation of this phenomenon. The peculiarity of the work is the author’s definition of geek-culture and specification of its key constituent elements, based on empirical research.
Social Role and Peculiar Features of Military Veterans Social Organizations in the Political Space of the Russian Federation . .
Authors: Kulakova N. N.
Published: February 2020

The study of the problem of the formation of the Russian civil society is accompanied both in practical and theoretical terms by a whole complex of contradictions and complexities that originate in the ambiguous history of this phenomenon and as well in its equally multivariate interpretation by the scientific community and the general public. Admitting as a fact the common weakness of Russian non-governmental relation, the author considered, practically as an exception, the work of military veteran communities as an example of the successful civil activity of the significant part of the population of the Russian state. Social, military veteran organisations act as a social  institute created by the citizens apart from the state based on solidary interests of their members. At the same time, functioning as a structural element of the civil society they simultaneously represent the mechanism of political socialisation of veterans. Modern veteran organisations are founded and presented in the social and political space of Russia widely enough. It is movements, committees, unions, funds, associations. They have an extensive ramified network the local and regional levels, co-operate with similar communities in the countries of CIS and international organisations. Veteran organisations act as intermediaries between an individual and a group on the one hand and between society and the state from the other, contribute to the strengthening of the mechanism of their interaction, and form new systems of partnership. The issue of social protection and adaptation of military personnel, in particular, the combatants, will remain urgent  for the Russian society in the longer term. Modern political practice, mainly counting on the military force in international affairs, promotes further growth of the number of veterans of wars and military service. Over the last few years, more than 50 thousand soldiers and officers participating in the military campaign in Syria became the members of Russian veterans. The quality of interaction of social organisations of military veterans and state structures has a determinant influence on th participation of the former soldier in socio-political processes. Today, powerful potential of these organisations, capable effectively influence state politics, is used by state structures in an insignificant degree. It can be explained by the unwillingness of the Russian elite and Russian business to interact with civil society.
State Financing Policy of the Modern Health Care System on the Example of Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund
Authors: Martynova A. A. , Shorokhov V. E.
Published: February 2020

Some of the many existing activities of the state are characterised by their special social significance. These areas are associated with the implementation of the fundamental social functions of the state, as a result of which they require a special order of financing. Health care financing is a type of financial activity associated with the formation of centralised funds of financial resources, as well as their distribution and redistribution through specialised insurance funds and organisations, carried out within the framework of financial relations regulated by law and based on payments when an insured event occurs by a medical organisation. This article discusses the modern system of financing health care in terms of government policy. A detailed analysis is carried out, and the special status of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund as an actor in this field is determined, the powers and activities of which are not limited to financial components. It emphasises the need to clarify the existing scientific ideas about the regulation of the modern system of financing health care as one of the mandatory state functions.
Political Risk Distribution of Chinese Outward Direct Investment — an Empirical Study from 2006 to 2017
Authors: Qiuyu G.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is driven by the author’s desire to contribute to the ongoing debate as to whether the internationalisation of Chinese Transnational corporations (TNCs) in foreign direct investment is due to conventional logic. The author selected 15 indirect variables from the data of the ‘Coordination and Resource Group’ (CRG) and the ‘International Heritage Foundation’ and applied the principal component analysis (PCA) method to develop a new Political Risk Index (PRI). It could assess the multiple dimensions of political risks for 139 countries. Using this index as a fundamental criterion, the author investigated the changes in Chinese Outward FDI in terms of directions and volumes of investments, annual investment flows and their distribution by sectors of the economy from 2006 to 2017. As a result of the study, the author found that the vast majority of Chinese Outward FDI during this period was concentrated in countries with medium and low levels of political risks.
Social Advertising as Instrument of Social Marketing and Way of Formation of the Positive Image of the Brand
Authors: Rebrova V. V.
Published: February 2020

The relevance of the brought-up subject consists that in this paper I considered work social marketing as a part of the global strategy of a brand, emphasised differences between social and commercial marketing, and described social advertising as the instrument of social marketing on the creation of a positive image of a brand. As the argument in favour of our statements, I attracted gave materials of research of the international network advertising agency McCann Erickson, and also gave real examples of socially responsible brands. The purpose of work is the identification of opportunities for social advertising for the formation of a positive image of a brand. My tasks consist of defining differences between social and commercial marketing, of reviewing examples of socially responsible brands, of analysing results of a research of the international advertising agency. The object in the article is social advertising as the instrument of social marketing. The practical importance of work is that materials of the article can be used by experts of social work in is information — the preventive purposes and to be useful to marketing specialists. The analysis of social advertising allowed to assume that in modern society, the new phenomenon — along with actually social advertising gained development, arose and successfully the social component of commercial develops.
“Nationalization of the Russian Elite” as a Political Project
Authors: Rastorguev S. V.
Published: February 2020

The article explores the process of “nationalisation of the Russian elite”. “Nationalization of the elite” is presented as a reorientation of assets, business practices, the production of meanings of the political and economic elite into the contour of the Russian fields of interaction. The author characterised the Russian political system as a “state of limited access”, where actors of the political and economic field compete for rent distribution. The turn from the legitimate offshore practices of the pre-sanctions period to the mobilisation version of the formation of elite consensus in the context of “new normality” is analysed. The author considered political protests of 2012 and sanctions against Russia in 2014–2019 as factors of the “nationalisation of the elite”. The author proved that the interests of the state-apparatus and the state-nation in the issue of “nationalisation of the elite” have points of contact. An analysis of the assets of the Russian business elite in comparison with the business elites of other countries shows their privatisation and rental nature. The amount of assets held outside the Russian jurisdiction indicates a lack of trust in the business elite towards the stability of the “rules of the game” in Russia. These factors legitimise the process of “nationalisation” in public space. Within the framework of the concept of the bundle of property rights by A. Honore and the concept of communication codes, the theoretical aspects of the nationalisation of the business elite and the political elite are analysed. Finally, the author points to the problem of the possibility of “nationalisation of the nation” as a continuation of the mobilisation scenario.
Interaction of Party Structures of The EU and the Russian Federation in a Discourse of the Russian Left Forces on the Example of “A Just Russia” Party
Authors: Mitrakhovich S. P.
Published: February 2020

The article using “A Just Russia” case deals with the party strategies of the Russian left political forces for the creation of the relations with party structures of the European Union. Similar party strategy is at the same time a part of domestic policy and development of the Russian political processes, and at the same time, they are a part of the relationship with the European Union which is built up by Russia. Consequently, that is de facto a part of foreign policy activity. The novelty of the research consists in a combination of the research approaches used in a “partology” while considering a party to be a rational actor acting in conditions of a country political environment and the research approaches accepted in modern European studies. Parties act as internal political players, but at the same time and as contractors of foreign elite, in this case — party elite of the European Union, members of party groups of European Parliament, party Internationals, “the European parties” (earlier known under the term of “party at the European level”). From the Russian parliamentary political forces of several last electoral cycles “A Just Russia”, using a discourse of modern socialism, could establish more actively than others cooperation with European left, including influencing adoption of significant decisions in the EU, for example, on reform of the EU Gas Directive and the Third Energy Package of the EU. The party, through the prism of socialist ideology, is trying to bring together certain positions of the party elites of the Russian Federation and the EU, bringing differences on social avant-garde and identity politics out of the brackets. Therefore, it focuses recently on the problems of sanctions issues, considering its communication with the Party of European socialists and socialist groups in the European Parliament as another potentially popular diplomatic track for the country.
Russia’s Role in the Formation of the Conceptual Provisions of the Eurasian security
Authors: Kurylev K. P. , Danyuk N. S. , Semibratov E. V. , Nikulin M. A.
Published: February 2020

The article analyses the main concepts in the field of security that Russia proposed in the space of “Greater Eurasia” . By “Greater Eurasia” the author’s team means the area of the entire Eurasian continent from Western Europe to Southeast Asia . The most challenging problems to the formation of a unified security system, the authors include the presence within these limits of a large number of diverse macro-regions, as well as features of the political situation at the current historical stage . Therefore, the authors consider the basics of security in Eurasia through the prism of security of two continents of the same continent-Europe and Asia . If we make a comparative analysis between these two regions, we can see that the institutions for regional security in Europe are at a higher institutional level, but the Asian part of the continent is entirely free from various kinds of moral consequences of the “cold war” . These circumstances make this region more promising in terms of the basis for building a unified security system capable of covering the entire continent . This trend is a logical continuation of the fact that the centres of gravity of global politics and the economy in the last two decades began to move towards South-East Asia .
NATO and Arctic security: Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects
Authors: Glotov V. I. , Arzhanov I. A.
Published: February 2020

In this article, the authors analyse the current policy of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO) in the Arctic . The article emphasises that the new challenges in the Arctic, related to climate change, the participation of non-Arctic states in the development of the territory and the growth of Russia’s military activity, have put before NATO the question of forming a task and official strategy . So far, member states have not reached consensus in this direction . The article identifies the main steps of the Alliance, which confirm the thesis about the growth of tension in the Far North . We identified the factors that may affect the prospects of the Alliance in the region . Taking into account the fact that the Arctic in contemporary circumstances has entered the global agenda of international politics, the authors conclude the growth of NATO activity, as evidenced by the practical steps of the organisation . Little attention has been paid to this in official documents, although the importance of cooperation in the region has already been stressed .
Academic Mobility of Foreign students in Humanities and social studies as a Component of the “soft Power” Policy of the Russian Federation
Authors: Shatilov A. B.
Published: February 2020

The article analyses the characteristic features of “incoming” academic mobility as a component of the “soft power” policy of modern Russia. The author pays attention to the fact that in recent years the attraction of foreign applicants and students to domestic universities has become more systematic and differentiated. However, the author thinks that in such policy does not pay due attention to the development of social studies and humanities, which allow preparing specialists of “strategic” features (political scientists, sociologists, PR, analysts, ideologists, journalists). They, after a reasonably short time, will sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly affect the political and economic situation in their countries. It is especially important if we take into account the emerging trend in the early XXI century of virtualisation and humanisation of social and public life. Accordingly, the article discusses the main effects that Russia can get from the training of international students in humanities and social studies. The author also presents recommendations on working with international students in the framework of academic mobility and attracting foreign applicants to the humanitarian and social studies educational programs of Russian universities.
Russian-Chinese Relations: Temporary Companions or Anti-American Entente?
Authors: Mirzayan G. V.
Published: February 2020

Today, China is perhaps one of the leading Russian partners in the international arena. However, there is still no general opinion in Russia about what kind of partner it is. Some call him a good friend, a pillar of Moscow, almost a Savior against the background of the Russian-Western conflict. Others position China as an aggressive predator interested in maximising Russia’s weakness, either for further plunder or further absorption — even territorial. Still, others urge not to rush from extreme to extreme. China is not Russia’s friend. Our interests are too different — not contradictory, but different. On the other hand, it is precise because of the absence of such contradictions that China is not an enemy. We have practically nothing to share — we do not threaten each other. So, China is more of an opportunity. Cooperation with Beijing (to which we are so pushed by Washington) will strengthen Russian foreign policy, balance its Western direction. However, all the positive aspects of such cooperation will be only manifested if Moscow does not forget its national interests. And, he would not sacrifice them for a ghostly friendship — or a ghostly conflict.
Europeanization and Modernization of the Discourse of Civil society and Political Parties
Authors: Mitrakhovich S. P.
Published: February 2020

The article examines the evolution at the present stage of theoretical and normative ideas about the role of civil society and political parties in their relationship with the state and their influence on social processes and the economy. Most concepts, offering theoretical reflexion on this issue, appeared in the West, and due to Western influence was borrowed by Russia and other countries, where the discourse of civil society and political parties itself was Europeanized. However, the formal adherence to European intellectual fashion in the most ambitious BRICS countries has now led to the formation of its own analytical and regulatory views on the subject, only externally resembling Western primary sources. At the same time, the use of rethought European views in modernising the own discourse of civil society and political parties allows to give this discourse a respectable image and to be effectively used by the state both for domestic political purposes and in conceptual foreign policy disputes with Europe itself.
Domestic and Foreign Approaches to Working with Foreign students: “Personnel Reserve” vs “soft Power”
Authors: Osinina D. D.
Published: February 2020

The goal of this study is to reveal the country-specific features of approaches to working with international students, as well as to determine their key strategies. In the modern world, education is becoming a new platform for competition between states, because its function is not only to provide knowledge but also to form the consciousness and outlook of a young person. Accordingly, states seek through educational institutions to promote around the world their national development models, value systems and cultural elements. The ultimate goal of such a policy is the creation of a pool of staunch supporters around the world who after return to their homeland will relay the “gained knowledge” upon the society. However, are states only driven by this goal? Of course not — a lot of countries are focused on attracting foreign students to include the most talented and gifted of them in the national “personnel reserve”. The danger of the latter approach lies in the formation of constant dependence on “external brains”.
Intercultural Communication: Challenges of Global Transformation of Lifeworld
Authors: Bolshunov A. Y. , Bolshunova S. A. , Tyurikov A. G.
Published: February 2020

A call for a “New Enlightenment” sounds in the last report of the Club of Rome named “Come On!” It claimed that “New Enlightenment” should not be the continuation of rationalism and Eurocentrism of “Voltaire’s Enlightenment”. The article discusses two issues. Firstly, what challenges the “New Enlightenment” should answer on. Ecological and socioecological challenges are at the top of the agenda. The last one comes from large-scale socio-technical and anthropotechnical experiments with unpredictable consequences. The so-called epoch of “reassembly of the social” is expressed in the deculturation and dehumanisation of social reality. It has adverse consequences for humanity, including the lifeworld destruction and human existence. An alternative to these trends may be hermeneutics, phenomenology and understanding sociology. Second discussed question is science willingness for the “New Enlightenment”. The dominant scientific discourses continue the traditions of “Voltaire’s Enlightenment” and do not respond to time challenges.
Isolation of Bifidobacterium from Infant’s Feces and Its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Kusharyati Dyah Fitri , Hendrati Pancrasia Maria , Ryandini Dini , Manshur Tsani Abu , Dewi Meilany Ariati , Khatimah Khusnul , Rovik Anwar
Published: February 2020

Bifidobacterium is a group of Lactic Acid Bacteria
(LAB) that commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and vagina. LAB has
many health benefits, such as produce an antimicrobial substance against a
pathogen. This research aims to isolate Bifidobacterium from an infant’s
feces and know its antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Candida
albicans. A total of 5 isolates Bifidobacterium
spp. were isolated from the sample. The largest inhibitory activity against E.
coli was shown by isolate Bb3F, with the inhibitory zone of 10.80 mm. While
the largest inhibition activity against C.
albicans was shown by isolate Bb1B and Bb3F with the inhibitory zone of
9.70 mm.
Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Legume Soaking Water of Tempeh Productions
Authors: Yudianti Neysa Fitri , Yanti Rini , Cahyanto Muhammad Nur , Rahayu Endang Sutriswati , Utami Tyas
Published: February 2020

The aims of this study were to isolate
lactic acid bacteria from legume soaking water and to examine their ability to
grow and produce acid in jack bean milk. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated
from legume soaking water in five tempeh productions in Special Province of
Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The identification of LAB
was carried out based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical
characteristics. Twenty-nine LAB
were obtained, and twelve isolates considered to be homo-fermentative types. Four
of these homofermentative isolates which be able to grow at pH 4.4 were further
examined of their ability to grow and produce acid in jack bean milk.
Biochemical identification using API
50 CH and 50 CHL identified them
as Lactobacillus sp. KKNB1, L. plantarum WGK3, L. plantarum WGK4, and L.
paracasei WGK5. All those isolates were able to ferment jack bean milk
which was marked by an increase of the number of cells (1.07-1.76 log cycle)
and decrease of pH value in jack bean milk after fermentation at 37oC
for 24 hours. It means that they could utilize carbon sources and other
nutrients in jack bean milk for their growth and metabolic activities. Further
study should be done to evaluate the possibility of these isolates for starter
cultures in fermentation of jack bean milk.
Viability and Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 Oven Dried Culture during Storage
Authors: Marwati Tri , Djaafar Titiek F. , Setiawan Evelyn E. , Utami Tyas , Rahayu Endang S.
Published: February 2020

Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 has the ability to inhibit the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi. To support the application of the use of these cultures, a study was carried out aimed at producing dry L. plantarum HL-15 and observing its stability during storage. Production of dry culture begins with fermentation of L. plantarum HL-15 then centrifugation is carried out to obtain pellets. Pellets were mixed with fillers (rice flour or tapioca) with a ratio of pellets: fillers (10%) = 1: 1 (v / v) and then dried. The drying machine used is an oven with a temperature of 45 ° C for 20 hours. The dry culture was packaged in aluminum foil and sealed and then stored at 4 ° C. The result showed that viable cells of oven-dried L. plantarum HL-15 with rice filler was <4log CFU/g and oven-dried culture with tapioca filler was 8,94 log CFU/g. The viability of oven-dried L. plantarum HL-15 decreased during two-month storage. 
Antioxidant Activity, Fiber, Acidity (pH), and Population of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Green Juice as Functional Beverages
Authors: Nursini Ni Wayan , Venti Komang Lina , Wita I Gusti Ayu
Published: February 2020

Bok choy (Brassica
rapa L) is a vegetable group of Brassicaceae which still a family with Chinese
vegetables. It contains phytochemical substances such as carotenoids, β-carotene, and glucosinolates which are a source of antioxidant. Bok choy can
be processed into juice. The purpose of this research
is to determine the content of the antioxidant activity, fiber, acidity (pH) and population of
lactic acid bacteria in each formulation. The other ingredients added in making
this green juice are yogurt and honey made into 5 formulations. The analysis of
this research was the analysis of antioxidant
activity content using DPPH method (2.2, -diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl), crude
fiber contents analysis using gravimetric method, pH analysis using pH meter
and analysis of lactic acid bacteria using spread plate method. The result obtained is the highest content of the
antioxidant activity was found in formulation 5 consist of 30 g yogurt, 15 g
honey and 50 g bok choy with 35,198 ± 0,057%. The content of crude fiber ranged
from (0,447 ± 0,046) g to (0,507 ±
0,058) g. The highest of acidity (pH) is in formulation 1 which consists of 10
g of yogurt, 15 g of honey and 50 g of bok choy at 5,50 ± 0,040. The highest
population content of lactic acid bacteria in formulation 5 consists of 30 g
yogurt, 15 g honey and 50 g bok choy at 2,8 x 106cfu/mL. Therefore, green juice
can be used as functional drinks.
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS
Authors: Andriyanova Mariya , Aslanli Aslanli , Basova Nataliya , Bykov Viktor , Varfolomeev Sergey , Gorbunov Konstantin , Gorelenkov Valentin , Grigorenko Bella , Gudkov Denis , Zavialov Vasiliy , Zavialova Nataliya , Zlobin Alexander , Eremenko Arkadiy , Eremin Sergey , Ermakova Inna , Efremenko Elena , Inozemcev Valeriy , Komissarenko Sergey , Kurochkin Il'ya , Leontievsky Alexey , Lushchekina Sofya , Lyagin Il'ya , Maslova Olga , Masson Patrick , Mahaeva Galina , Mahlis Tat'yana , Medveckiy Igor , Moralev Sergey , Nelga Igor , Nechaeva Nataliya , Novichkova Dana , Nemuchin Alexander , Rozengart Evgeniy , Sviridov Alexey , Sen'ko Ol'ga , Stepanov Nikolay , Tretyakov Sergey , Frolov George , Tsybenova Svetlana , Sherstyuk Artem , Shushkova Tatyana , Epiktetov Dmitriy
Published: February 2020

The collective monograph is devoted to discussing the history of creation, studying the properties, neutralizing and using organophosphorus neurotoxins, which include chemical warfare agents, agricultural crop protection chemical agents (herbicides and insecticides) and medicines. The monograph summarizes the results of current scientific research and new prospects for the development of this field of knowledge in the 21st century, including the use of modern physicochemical methods for experimental study and theoretical analysis of biocatalysis and its mechanisms based on molecular modeling with supercomputer power. The book is intended for specialists who are interested in the current state of research in the field of organophosphorus neurotoxins. The monograph will be useful for students, graduate students, researchers specializing in the field of physical chemistry, physicochemical biology, chemical enzymology, toxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, biotechnology, nanotechnology and biomedicine.
Enzymatic detection of organophosphorous compounds
Authors: Efremenko Elena , Lyagin Il'ya
Published: February 2020

Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) are capable of affecting a wide variety of biological targets, including enzymes. At the same time, there is a large group of enzymes that modify these OPC, mainly by hydrolysis. In total, both those and other enzymes can be involved in determining the content of various OPC. This chapter presents the latest scientific developments in the field of enzyme biosensors for the analysis of OPC in a wide variety of environmental objects. For these purposes, soluble and immobilized forms of enzymes, their various combinations, as well as crude enzymes as a components of microorganisms’ cells can be used. Modern methods make it possible to reach the detection limits of OPC of 10–12 g/L with optical or electrochemical registration of the signal, which opens up enormous prospects for the use of such biosensors in practice. Special examples of commercially available enzyme biosensors for OPC determining are provided
İŞLETME FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYE DÜZEYLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KILINÇ Erhan , KANAYIRAN Billur
Published: February 2020

Beşeri ilişkiler yaklaşımı sonrasında yönetim biliminde ortaya çıkan pozitif yaklaşım olgulardan biri de psikolojik sermaye kavramıdır. Psikolojik sermaye kısaca, çalışanların işyerindeki olumlu psikolojik durumunu ve durumun yarattığı etkiyi ifade etmektedir. Girişimcilik ise üretim faktörlerini bir araya getiren, riskleri göze alabilen, değişim ve yenilik üzerine kurulu dinamik insan kaynağı potansiyelidir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin girişimcilik eğilimleri üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığının saptanmasıdır. Bu amaç kapsamında bir kamu üniversitesi işletme fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilere üzerinde anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmaya toplam 182 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma verileri Ekim 2019 tarihinde toplanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan anket formu, üç bölüm ve 46 sorudan oluşmaktadır.
Araştırma sonucuna göre; öğrencilerin psikolojik sermaye düzeyi ile girişimcilik eğilimi arasında pozitif yönlü ve düşük düzeyde (r=0,180) bir ilişki saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Ayrıca öğrencilerinin psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin girişimcilik eğilimlerinin %3,2’sini açıkladığı ve araştırma modelinin anlamlı olduğu görülmektedir (p<0,05).
Sonuç olarak, üniversiteler yeni fikir, ürün, hizmet üretimi ve işletme kurulması ve iş dünyasının istediği nitelikli iş gücünün temininde son derece önemli bir yere sahiptir. Üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin ve girişimcilik eğilimlerinin artırılması; müfredat ve ders içeriklerinde bu konulara hem teorik hem de uygulamalı olarak daha fazla yer verilmesi ve eğiticilerin öğrencilerin girişimcilik fikirlerini ortaya çıkarıcı, gerçekçi ve olumlu söylemlerle desteklemesiyle sağlanabilir.
KLASİK KAMU YÖNETİMİNDEN YENİ KAMU İŞLETMECİLİĞİ VE POST-YKİ'YE KAMU HİZMETLERİNİN DEĞİŞİMİ VE DÖNÜŞÜMÜ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: UYSAL Yusuf
Published: February 2020

Kamu hizmetleri ilk çağlardan itibaren toplum ve devlet algısındaki değişim ve dönüşüme paralel olarak dinamik bir süreç izlemişlerdir. Değişim ve dönüşüm daha çok kamu hizmetlerinin kapsamı, yürütme modelleri ve hizmeti yürüten aktörlerle ilgili olmuştur. Özellikle, 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren, bu konulara odaklı farklı yaklaşımlar dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı, kamu hizmetlerinin Klasik Kamu Yönetimi’nden (KKY) Yeni Kamu İşletmeciliği’ne (YKİ) ve Post-YKİ yaklaşımlara geçirdiği değişim ve dönüşümün incelenmesidir. Çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde kamu hizmetinin tanımı, ilkeleri, özellikleri ve önemi incelenmektedir. İkinci bölümde kamu yönetimi ve kamu hizmetlerinde paradigma değişimi ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, KKY’de kamu hizmeti anlayışı, YKİ'nin ortaya çıkmasında rol oynayan faktörler, YKİ'nin kamu hizmetinin dönüşümü üzerindeki etkileri ve Post-YKİ yaklaşımlarda kamu hizmeti değerlendirmeleri incelenmektedir. KKY'den YKİ ve Post-YKİ'ye devam eden süreçte kamu hizmetlerinin kapsamı, yürütme şekli ve hizmetlerde devletin rolü konularında dikkate değer değişimler söz konusu olmuştur.
Padrões Espaciais e Temporais de Episódios de Seca no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: De Lima Santana Livia , Silva Madson Tavares , De Sousa Welinagila Grangeiro , De Siqueira Mariana da Silva , De Andrade Antônia Silânia , Silva Melo Maria Monalisa Mayara
Published: February 2020

As secas representam o tipo mais complexo e prejudicial de desastre natural e, vem afetando o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte há muitos anos. O índice SPEI é determinado para diferentes escalas de tempo, com caráter multi escalar permitindo caracterizar condições secas ou úmidas em diferentes climas. Os valores do índice (SPEI) são calculados usando dados meteorológicos de estações do INMET coletados de 1950 a 2018. Nesse estudo o índice SPEI foi associado à estatística multivariada por meio da análise de agrupamento utilizando o método de K-means para a definição de regiões homogêneas de seca, onde foram identificados 05 grupos distribuídos pelas microrregiões do Estado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar os tipos de seca que ocorrem no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte através do índice SPEI e da análise de agrupamento no período de 1950 a 2018.  Os resultados mostram que os valores de SPEI refletem variações complexas nas condições de seca de acordo com sua classificação. Observou-se seca para todos os grupos, sendo que houve uma maior atuação da seca moderada, presente de forma significativa em todos os 05 grupos. A maior concentração da seca, de acordo com sua duração ocorreu no grupo G4, já a seca severa foi identificada nos grupos G1 e G5 e, a extrema, nos grupos G3 e G5, com maior intensidade, porem com menor duração. As secas severas e extremas foram registradas nos anos de 1951-1960, 1983, 1993, 1996-1999, 2004-2006, 2010-2015 e 2017-2018 para todos os grupos. Portanto, este estudo pode fornecer uma base para o governo mitigar os efeitos da seca para o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte com ênfase para o grupo G4.
Strategi Pengembangan Ekonomi Mualaf di Kota Padang
Authors: Lubis M. Zaky Mubarak
Published: February 2020

This study aims to find the economic development strategies of converts in the city of Padang. The research approach was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method by collecting data through interviews, documentation and focus group discussions. The research explains that the economic problems of converts to cities in the city are caused by the severance of family relations, lack of ability, lack of converts, lack of assistance and lack of community awareness. The strategy in the economic development of converts in the city of Padang is happy with four processes. First, the making of converts as a means of gathering converts and becomes problem solving for all converts in the city of Padang. Second, capacity building is carried out by conducting trainings that provide theability of converts so that converts have the opportunity to make a business. Third, the provision of financial assistance aims to enable the ability of entrepreneurs who have been trained to be implemented in the form of business through financial assistance from both the government and the private sector. Fourth, supervision and assistance to the business carried out by converts in order to survive and be developed so that they can help other converts. To see the effects of the concept of this strategy it is necessary to implement all of these strategies so that they can be assessed and evaluated in an effort to improve the economy of converts.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa dalam Mengembangkan Kemandirian Pelaku Industri Kreatif melalui Desain Grafis pada Pendidikan Lingkungan di Bogor
Authors: Oktaviani Vina , Rahmayanti Henita , Putra Ferdi Fauzan
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This course should be done to develop the independence of creative industry with graphic design for Pasir kuda village society that will be one of effort for developing potency improvement Pasir kuda village. And also it will help to carry out the mission from the village to optimize the village’s potency and resource within the society economy enhancement, Improve human resource quality, skillful, knowledgeable, also realize a safe society with environmental knowledge. The used method for problem solving includes analytical method. The step to resolve partner’s problem are: 1) Field Observation; 2) Identify partner weakness and problems; 3) Offering solution to partner; 4) System designing; 5) System implementation; 6) Integrating the system with previous system that already exist. The result of this course showed skill improvement of Youth organization of Galuh Pakuan in the amount of 80% in graphic design product creating, based on presentation result that every course participant had understood the course matery.Keywords: Graphic Design; Pasir Kuda; Region Potency Improvement Abstrak. Pelatihan ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengembangkan kemandirian pelaku industri kreatif melalui desain grafis kepada masyarakat kelurahan Pasir Kuda yang akan menjadi salah satu upaya pengembangan peningkatan potensi wilayah Pasir Kuda. Selain itu juga dapat membantu menjalankan misi dari kelurahan itu sendiri yaitu mengoptimalkan potensi dan sumber daya yang ada dalam peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat, meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang beriman, berketerampilan dan berpengetahuan, serta mewujudkan pemukiman yang aman dengan berwawasan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pemecahan permasalahan termasuk metode analisis. Tahapan-tahapan yang dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra adalah sebagai berikut: 1) observasi lapangan; 2) identifikasi permasalahan dan kelemahan mitra;  3)  penawaran solusi pada mitra;  4) perancangan sistem;  5)  implementasi sistem;  6)  integrasi sistem tambahan pada sistem yang telah ada pada mitra. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan anggota Karang Taruna Galuh Pakuan sebesar 80% dalam membuat produk design grafis yang ditunjukkan berdasarkan hasil presentasi bahwa secara prinsip semua peserta pelatihan sudah memahami materi pelatihan.Kata Kunci: Design Grafis; Pasir Kuda; Peningkatan Potensi Wilayah
ANALISA PERUBAHAN DEBIT TERHADAP KEHILANGAN TEKANAN PADA PERUBAHAN PENAMPANG ALAT UJI SISTEM ALIRAN FLUIDA MENGGUNAKAN PIPA GALVANIS SKALA LABORATORIUM
Authors: , Zulhadi , Julianto Eko , Zulyan M
Published: February 2020

Fluid mechanics is a subdiscipline of continuum mechanics that studies fluid (can be liquid and gas). Fluid itself is a substance that can undergo changes in shape continuously / continuously when exposed to pressure / shear force even though it is relatively small or can also be said to be a substance that flows, whereas such as rocks and hard objects or all solid substances are not classified into the fluid because it cannot flow, this study aims to determine the pressure loss that occurs in the cross section of galvanized pipe with a discharge that is varied using a valve opening 90 °, 60 °, 30. From the research conducted in the test results can be obtained at valve opening 90 with discharge 0 , 00072 m³ / s loses its pressure He 0.4523 (m), valve opening 60 discharge 0,00072 m³ / s loses its pressure He 0,3673 (m), valve opening 30 discharge 0,00051 m³ / s loses its pressure HE 0.1954 (m).
Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph
Authors: Safitri Andriani Arisa , Ningrum Alvi Dwi , Utama Muhammad Rizky , Yaqin M. Ainul
Published: February 2020

Quality schools are schools that are able to implement 8 Standards of National Education Standards set by the Government. These standards are made so that schools are capable of conducting good and qualified teaching and learning activities in all fields of education. Until the school can achieve maximum results from the standards given. In achieving that there are things that need to be done beforehand, namely school needs analysis. From the analysis it can be seen the growth of school needs. Growth in school needs is needed as a key to achieving quality schools. This research uses graphs to illustrate every growth that occurs in a school with the criteria for increasing students. The method used for data processing uses AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process).
Utilization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Therapy in the Oral Cavity
Authors: Sugiaman Vinna Kurniawati
Published: February 2020

Terapi dengan memanfaatkan sel punca belakangan ini dianggap menjadi terobosan ilmiah untuk dunia kedokteran dan kedokteran gigi, serta dianggap sebagai senjata penting dalam memerangi berbagai macam penyakit. Sel punca mesenkimal merupakan sel yang memiliki kemampuan untuk memperbaharui dirinya sendiri, bersifat multipoten, mampu berdiferensiasi dan berproliferasi, serta bersifat immunosupresif, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan dalam memperbaiki dan meregenerasi berbagai jaringan melalui terapi regenerative. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran singkat mengenai berbagai sumber sel punca dan temuan terbaru serta implikasinya untuk meningkatkan kesehatan rongga mulut melalui regenerasi berbagai jaringan di rongga mulut. Pemanfaatan sel punca mesenkimal di bidang kedokteran gigi dianggap bahwa era baru kedokteran gigi sedang dimulai dan diharapkan dapat merubah paradigma dalam melakukan perawatan terhadap penyakit di rongga mulut. Sel punca mesenkimal dapat diisolasi dari berbagai jaringan yang dapat digunakan dalam terapi regenerative melalui teknologi rekayasa jaringan untuk memperbaiki dan meregenerasi jaringan di rongga mulut. Pada pemanfaatan teknologi ini, diperlukan sel punca, regulator, dan matriks sebagai kerangka yang dapat memfasilitasi sel untuk melekat, berdiferensiasi, berproliferasi, membentukan matriks, dan meningkatkan interaksi spesifik antar sel. Simpulan, sel punca mesenkimal dapat dimanfaatkan dalam terapi regenerative di rongga mulut untuk memperbaki dan meregenerasi jaringan yang rusak melalui teknologi rekayasa jaringan.
Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis dan Self-Confidence Siswa SMK Melalui Pembelajaran Sinektik dan Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah
Authors: Saputri Veni
Published: February 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dan pencapaian self-confidence matematika antara siswa yang belajar melalui model pembelajaran sinektik dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan pretest-postest design. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh dua kelas eksperimen. Kelas eksperimen 1 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran sinektik, sedangkan kelas eksperimen 2 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis dan angket self-confidence matematika. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji statistik perbedaan rerata dua sampel yang independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tidak terdapat perbedaan pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis yang signifikan antara siswa yang memperoleh model pembelajaran sinektik dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan (2) tidak terdapat perbedaan pencapaian self-confidence matematika yang signifikan antara siswa yang memperoleh model pembelajaran sinektik dengan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah.Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah, Pemecahan Masalah, Self-Confidence, Sinektik.
Me and My Robot Smiled at One Another: The Process of Socially Enacted Communicative Affordance in Human-Machine Communication
Authors: Rodríguez-Hidalgo Carmina
Published: February 2020

The term affordance has been inconsistently applied both in robotics and communication. While the robotics perspective is mostly object-based, the communication science view is commonly user-based. In an attempt to bring the two perspectives together, this theoretical paper argues that social robots present new social communicative affordances emerging from a two-way relational process. I first explicate conceptual approaches of affordance in robotics and communication. Second, a model of enacted communicative affordance in the context of Human-Machine Communication (HMC) is presented. Third and last, I explain how a pivotal social robot characteristic—embodiment—plays a key role in the process of social communicative affordances in HMC, which may entail behavioral, emotional, and cognitive effects. The paper ends by presenting considerations for future affordance research in HMC.