bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional investors in Russia: problems and prospects
Authors: Salygin Valery , Yarygina Irina , Smirnov Vladimir
Published: October 2021

The objective reasons for assessing the role of institutional investors as valuable participants of the Russian financial market and forecast trends within the framework of various projects is explained by the necessity of optimizing their participation in serving the needs of national and international economy as well as using the tools of environmental policy promotion. The subject of the research is the activity of institutional investors in contemporary environment and possible ways of making them as financial intermediaries more effective in providing the needs of the modern economy, especially in the fuel and energy complex as a key sector of the Russian Economy. The article provides a comparative analysis of the current set of factors and threats that affect the prospects of participation of institutional investors in financial markets. The complex analysis methodology, used in assessing the problems, involves considering the standpoint of the influence of a set of factors, subdivided into internal and external. Internal factors include the national market conditions and environmental issues. External factors reflect the long-term impact of a potentially adverse or favorable impact on the course of projects implementation based on institutional investors’ facility in spite of market turbulence, political sanctions or pandemic conditions.
Relationship of the productivity of forest den-drocenoses with the geomorphological profile of soils and their influence on the ecology
Authors: Khlyustov V.K. , Sedykh V.A. , Naumov V.D. , Ganikhin A.M. , Кamennykh N.L.
Published: October 2021

It is well known that there is a relationship between the productivity of forest phytocenoses and soil fertility, which is largely determined by the terrain and soil geomorphology. An important element of assessing the productivity of forests is the substantiation of the methodology for modeling the age dynamics of the growth of forest stands, depending on soil and ground conditions. The solution of this methodological problem is possible only if there is data on forest objects, represented by permanent sample plots and data from a detailed soil survey.
Comparative effectiveness of preventive medical care when orthopedic pathologies in cows
Authors: Komarov Vladimir , Belkin Boris , Gutsyna Anna
Published: October 2021

The available bibliographic sources on the study of distal limbs diseases in cows were analyzed. The causes and factors that contribute to limb pathology risk in cows at milk production enterprises are emphasized. Lack of active exercise, inadequate feeding rations, insufficient veterinary hygiene, high contamination of premises and low or insufficient level of preventive medical care have an increase in the incidence of animals up to 40% of the herd. Therefore, the problem of cows’ distal limbs pathology treatment and prevention is currently of great importance. In the complex preventive and medical care against the disease of the distal limbs in cows, functional trimming of the hoof horn has an important veterinary hygienic value. The beginning of therapy at an early stage reduces the risk of developing more severe pathologies of the limbs. The use of “EMS-I type A” for the treatment and prevention of distal limb lesions, depending on the degree and size of tissue damage, provides recovery after 2-3 bandages and disease containment in the study groups.
Analysis of ecological tourism in Russia and USA
Authors: Dayneko Dennis , Dayneko Alevtina , Dayneko Victoria
Published: October 2021

The necessity of development and marketing of ecological tourism is substantiated today by requirements for sustainability of entrenched economic activities in specific regions, as well as by problems of environment preservation. The ecological tourism with active involvement of local residents in particular should become an important element for development of the regions promoting both economic development and preservation of natural and cultural heritage of our countries and the regions. The work presents the modern concept and approaches to ecological tourism, as well as the trends of its development in Russia and USA. The method of sociological survey and comparative approach are suggested as the tools to evaluate the role and effectiveness of ecological tourism, which is the most prospective way of tourism development, and is an important component of the socio-economic development too, capable not only to develop, but to protect natural, historic, and cultural heritage. The preliminary conclusions about the importance of the ecological tourism development for the sustainable development of the regions based on the entrenched economic activities of the local population. There is a need to implement modern effective and efficient eco-tourism practices in specific regions of Russia and USA.
Magneto-inductive systems as a method to reduce the environmental risks of the existing systems of incoming quality control of metallurgical raw materials
Authors: Fogel A. A. , Kochemirovskaya S. V. , Mokhorov D. A. , Isayev A. V. , Kochemirovsky V. A.
Published: October 2021

The advantages of automated systems for magnetic inductive incoming quality control of raw materials of large metallurgical enterprises are demonstrated. Environmental risks under the existing visual control system were assessed.
Harm and benefit of Khibiny mining waste
Authors: Krinochkina Olga , Mamina Dinya , Stulov Vladislav
Published: October 2021

The article is focused on the assessment of the impact of mining waste on the environment. Mining waste (MW) is understood as mine (mining) dumps and dumps of processing plants (tailings dumps). The article also suggests considering MW as technogenic deposits of rare earth and precious metals, the development of which will allow solving many environmental, social and economic problems and using natural resources in a sustainable manner. The objects under study are located on the Kola Peninsula, within the Khibiny mountain range, and are the production assets of the Apatit Mining Complex. This enterprise develops the so-called deposits of the Khibiny Tundra, it also owns apatite-nepheline processing plants.
Self-attitude and coping-strategies of children with eating disorders
Authors: Bakaeva Elena Yurievna , Pilishvili Tatiana Sergeevna
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, the topic of eating behavior is becoming more and more popular. People with deviant forms of eating are described as mysterious “THEY” who deceive a lot in order to hide the true form of eating and deep feelings about this, are tyrants in their families, strive for perfection and are extremely difficult to treat. This paper focuses on the attitudes of patients with eating disorders and their habitual strategies for coping with stress behavior. The study is based on the question: are there differences in self-attitudes and coping strategies among adolescents with different eating behaviors?
Trichloroethylene adsorption extraction under kinetic conditions by carbon materials in the processes of water treatment of food production
Authors: Gorelkina Alena , Neverov Evgeniy , Timoshchuk Irina , Altshuler Olga , Ostapova Elena
Published: October 2021

The high level of environmental pollution currently represent a great danger to ecosystems and human health, since a significant part of the generated industrial wastewater is discharged into reservoirs either insufficiently treated or without treatment. In order to reduce the organic substances concentration in the discharged effluents, the use of carbon sorbents is promising. The sorption process requires a comprehensive study, including the process statics, kinetics and dynamics which allows us to establish the features and extraction mechanism. In this paper a model of the studied sorbents granules structure is determined, the mass transfer mechanism in the adaptive control systems is a trichloroethylene (trilene) aqua solution is established, the external mass transfer coefficients which is necessary for engineering calculations are determined. The research results scientific significance lies in the development of the organic substances adsorption theory on the example of trilen by carbon sorbents that differ in the surface structure and properties. The practical significance lies in obtaining kinetic data which is necessary for calculating the wastewater treatment process technological parameters.
Ernährungsteams in hessischen Akutkrankenhäusern
Authors: Hahn Sigrid Ursula , Ferschke Melanie
Published: October 2021

Mangel- und Fehlernährung spielt in Krankenhäusern nach wie vor eine große Rolle. Multidisziplinäre Ernährungsteams, die sich aus Medizinern, Ernährungstherapeuten (Diätassistenten, Oecotrophologen oder Ernährungswissenschaftlern), Pflegkräften und gegebenenfalls weiteren Berufsgruppen wie Pharmazeuten, Mitarbeiter aus der Küche, Logopäden etc. zusammensetzen, bieten die Chance Ernährungsprobleme frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu therapieren. Daher wird die Etablierung solcher Teams seit Jahren gefordert. Bislang fehlen allerdings Daten, die die Versorgung von Krankenhäusern in Deutschland mit Ernährungsteams aufzeigen und auch über die tatsächliche Zusammensetzung und Aufgaben der Teams fehlen Informationen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, in einer Pilotstudie die Situation in hessischen Akutkrankenhäusern zu erfassen. Es wurde ein Fragebogen als Onlineerhebungstool entwickelt, mit dem die Ausstattung der Häuser mit Ernährungsteams, die Zusammensetzung der Teams und ihre Aufgaben sowie Informationen zur Finanzierung des Supports erhoben wurden. Es wurden 127 Kliniken angeschrieben. An der Studie nahmen 12 Kliniken teil. Acht Häuser verfügen über ein Ernährungsteam. Die Zusammensetzung der Teams ist unterschiedlich und entspricht nicht den Leitlinien der DGEM. Aufgabenschwerpunkt sind: Mangelernährung, Versorgung nach großen chirurgischen Eingriffen, enterale und parenterale Ernährung, Lebensmittelunverträglichkeiten. Die Bedeutung der Ernährungsteams wird insbesondere in der Verbesserung der Ernährungsversorgung und einer damit einhergehenden verbesserten Lebensqualität gesehen. Insgesamt weist die Studie auf eine unzureichende Versorgung hessischer Akutkliniken mit Ernährungsteams hin. Eine bundesweite Erhebung zum Ernährungssupport in deutschen Krankenhäusern ist dringend erforderlich.
Effects of Capsiate Supplementation on Maximal Voluntary Contraction
in Healthy Men
Authors: dos Santos Gomes Willemax , de Freitas Marcelo Conrado , Dutra Yago Medeiros , Rossi Fabrício , Estanislau Thiago Barros , Gonçalves Daniela Caetano , Campos Eduardo Zapaterra
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute capsaicin analog (Capsiate -
CAP) supplementation on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
performance in healthy young men. Thirteen subjects (25.2±3.2 yrs)
participated in the present study. In two different days separated by one week,
the subjects ingested capsiate (12 mg) or placebo (starch: 12 mg) 45 minutes
before a MVIC test. The MVIC test consisted of five 10-second knee extension
maximal isometric contractions with 45 seconds of recovery between efforts. The
peak force, mean force, minimum force, fatigue index, and area under the curve
of each contraction were calculated. Main condition effect was found, with
higher values of peak force (+4.83%, F=6.867,
p=0.02), fatigue index (+8.96%, F=5.228,
p=0.041), and area under the curve (+4.19%,
F=4.774, p=0.04) for CAP compared to placebo, however, no
interaction effect was found for any variable (F=0.090 to 1.356,
p≥0.276). In summary, healthy young men produced higher maximal
isometric force and delayed fatigue in the CAP condition compared to placebo
condition (condition effect) but without significant difference between each
effort.
Von der Beobachtung zur Forschungsfrage – Teil 1: Empirische Forschung in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Nilsson Svenja , Pankrath Natalie
Published: October 2021

Ein fundiertes Clinical Reasoning richtet sich nach den Standards der evidenzbasierten Medizin. Aber wie gewinnen Forschende die Informationen über die bestmögliche Therapie? Unsere zweiteilige Artikel-serie erklärt anhand einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie, wie sich Beobachtungen in der praktischen Arbeit systematisch überprüfen lassen.
Die Rechtsfrage: Wann muss ich mich beim Gesundheitsamt anmelden?
Authors: Schlegel Thomas
Published: October 2021

„Ich arbeite neben meiner Tätigkeit als Heilpraktikerin als freie Mitarbeiterin für eine Praxis. Die Patient*innen akquiriere ich selbst, die Therapie findet ausschließlich im Hausbesuch statt. Muss ich diese Tätigkeit beim Gesundheitsamt anmelden?“
Die Alltagscoaches – Mobilitäts- und Ergonomie-Coaching in Senioreneinrichtungen
Authors: Regauer Verena , Stern Michaela
Published: October 2021

Mehr (Er-)Leben – durch bewusstes Bewegen. Unter diesem Motto hat der Caritasverband München-Freising e. V. ein neues Berufsbild in seinen Altenpflegeeinrichtungen etabliert: die sogenannten Mobilitäts- und Ergonomie-Coaches (MEC). In der Regel sind dies Therapierende, die das Ziel verfolgen, Bewohner*innen mobil und Mitarbeitende gesund zu erhalten.
Dehnen versus Krafttraining – Beweglichkeit verbessern
Authors: Scheinost David
Published: October 2021

Möchten Patient*innen oder Sportler*innen ihre Beweglichkeit verbessern, liegt das Dehnen als Maßnahme nahe. Ein Krafttraining erhöht aber genauso, wenn nicht sogar stärker, das Bewegungsausmaß und bringt dazu noch andere positive gesundheitliche Effekte mit sich. Vor allem das exzentrische Training mobilisiert das Muskel- und Bindegewebe.
Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen – alte und neue
Entwicklungen
Authors: Lohmann Lisa , Klotz Luisa , Wiendl Heinz
Published: October 2021

Die Entwicklung der letzten 15 Jahre hat die Diagnostik und Therapie der
Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen (NMOSD) maßgeblich
geprägt – von der Entdeckung der Aquaporin-4-Antikörper
über die Differenzierung der diagnostischen Kriterien bis zur
kürzlichen Zulassung von Eculizumab und Satralizumab als erste
verlaufsmodifizierende Therapien. Dieser Artikel soll einen Überblick
über die bisherigen Erkenntnisse und zukünftigen
Therapiemöglichkeiten vermitteln.
Comparison of Sodium Lactate Infusion and Carbon Dioxide Inhalation Panic Provocation Tests: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Tural Umit , Iosifescu Dan V.
Published: October 2021

Background Sodium lactate (NaL) infusion and carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation are proven to provoke acute panic attacks (PAs) in patients with panic disorder (PD). A systematic literature search and meta-analysis were performed to compare the effect sizes of these methods.

Methods Odds ratios were calculated for each of the original studies and were pooled using the random-effects model.

Results Either NaL or CO2 provocations significantly increased the rates of PAs in individuals with PD compared to those in healthy controls. However, the effect size of NaL infusion (OR=25.13, 95% CI=15.48–40.80) was significantly greater than that of CO2 inhalation (OR=10.58, 95%CI=7.88–14.21).

Conclusion The evidence for the efficacy of the two panic provocation tests is very strong. Yet, the results support the superiority of NaL infusion over CO2 inhalation challenge as a panic provocation test. Thus, lactate seems a much stronger stimulus than CO2 for the brain suffocation detector.
Non–Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Al Said Samer , Ellscheid Michael , Beltsios Eleftherios T. , Frey Norbert
Published: October 2021

The prevention of atherothrombotic events is the primary goal in the treatment of patients with arteriosclerotic disorders. Despite recent improvements in the management of coronary artery disease (CAD) with revascularization techniques and antiplatelet therapy, some patients remain at risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. This could be related to additional thrombin generation. As a result, there has been interest in developing novel therapies to prevent thromboembolic events, targeting thrombin-mediated pathways. These include non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). This article aims to summarize the recent clinical studies that investigated the role of NOACs in CAD.
Die Prophylaxe einer Endoleckage Typ II ist relevant für den
Langzeiterfolg von EVAR
Authors: Tenholt Matthias
Published: October 2021

Einer von 8 Patienten benötigt nach endovaskulärer Ausschaltung eines infrarenalen
Bauchaortenaneurysmas (EVAR) eine Reintervention während der ersten 5 Jahre. Zwei Drittel der
Reeingriffe zielen darauf ab, Endoleckagen zu behandeln. Die Prävalenz von Komplikationen
verdoppelt sich im Fall von Endoleckagen. Stentprothesen der 4. Generation führen nicht zu
einer Abnahme Typ-2-assoziierter Reinterventionen, aber zu einer besseren Typ-I- und
-III-Endoleckage-Prävention. Die Vorbehandlung potenzieller Typ-II-induzierender Arterien mit
Embolisation und die Thrombusinduktion im Aneurysmasack werden diskutiert mit Hinblick auf
eine primäre Prophylaxe späterer Typ-II-Endoleckagen.
Ventralhernienversorgung in endoskopischer total extraperitonealer Technik (eTEP) – Evaluation der postoperativen Ergebnisse und des 1-Jahres-Follow-ups
Authors: Bauer Katrin , Heinzelmann Frank , Büchler Peter , Mück Björn
Published: October 2021

Hintergrund Mehrere in den letzten Jahren publizierte Metaanalysen zeigten, dass der Retromuskulärraum die bevorzugte Netzposition in der Versorgung von Ventralhernien ist. Operationen mit retromuskulärer Netzplatzierung wurde bislang hauptsächlich offen durchgeführt. In den letzten Jahren wurden neue minimalinvasive Verfahren mit total extraperitonealem Zugang und retromuskulärer Netzeinlage beschrieben.

Methoden Von September 2018 bis März 2019 wurden 18 Patienten endoskopisch in total extraperitonealer Technik an einer Ventralhernie operiert. In Abhängigkeit der Hernienlokalisation und -größe wurden verschiedene extraperitoneale Zugangswege gewählt und bei allen Patienten ein unbeschichtetes Netz im Retromuskulärraum platziert. Patientencharakteristika, peri- und postoperative Parameter wurden erhoben. Mithilfe des Herniamed-Fragebogens wurden die Patienten 1 Jahr nach Operation nach Rezidiv, Komplikationen und Schmerzen befragt.

Ergebnisse Intraoperative Komplikationen traten nicht auf. Postoperativ wurden ein nicht behandlungsbedürftiges Serom im Bereich des Netzlagers, eine passagere Radialisparese und eine Lungenembolie beobachtet, die alle ohne Langzeitfolgen für die Patienten blieben. 17 von 18 Patienten konnten nachverfolgt werden. Im 1-Jahres-Follow-up zeigte sich kein Hernienrezidiv. Ein Patient hatte behandlungsbedürftige Schmerzen in Ruhe.

Schlussfolgerung: Die total extraperitoneale eTEP-Technik ist eine neue vielversprechende Operationsmethode, mit der sich auch komplexe Ventralhernien mit akzeptablem 1-Jahres-Ergebnis versorgen lassen. Durch diese Technik lassen sich die Vorteile der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie mit denen der extraperitonealen Netzplatzierung kombinieren.
Epidemiology of Injuries in Olympic Sports
Authors: Lambert Christophe , Ritzmann Ramona , Akoto Ralph , Lambert Maxime , Pfeiffer Thomas , Wolfarth Bernd , Lachmann Daniel , Shafizadeh Sven
Published: October 2021

Injuries effect the performance of athletes. Severity of injuries is determined
by time loss and sporting performance reduction. To treat injuries adequately,
it is necessary to get an overview of varied injuries types in different sports
disciplines. In a retrospective study 7.809 athletes from Germany, Switzerland
and Austria competing in competitive or recreational levels of sports were
included. Injury prevalence was highest in team sports (75%), followed
by combat (64%), racquet (54%) and track and field
(51%). Knee (28%) and shoulder (14%) were the most at
risk joints. Time loss in sporting activity after injury was longest in the
region of knee (26 weeks). Of all reported injuries, 48% were
accompanied by a reduced level of performance. The highest injury prevalence
occurred in the year 2016 (45%). More injuries occurred during training
(58%) compared to competition (42%). Across Olympic disciplines,
a large number of injuries occurred during training sessions. Injury frequency
increased as the Olympic games drew closer. Knee and shoulder injuries were the
most severe injuries with respect to time loss and reduction sporting
performance.
Aorta ascendens und Arcus aortae – endovaskuläre Therapie heute und in der Zukunft
Authors: Stana Jan , Peterß Sven , Prendes Carlota Fernandez , Stavroulakis Konsantinos , Rantner Barbara , Pichlmaier Maximilian , Tsilimparis Nikolaos
Published: October 2021

Pathologien im Bereich des Aortenbogens können isoliert auftreten, weit häufiger jedoch sind auch benachbarte Abschnitte der thorakalen Aorta – die Aorta ascendens oder Aorta descendens – mit betroffen. Die ersten operativen Eingriffe zur Behandlung des Aortenbogens wurden vor knapp 6 Jahrzehnten vorgenommen. Trotz zahlreicher Verbesserungen und Innovationen während des 20. und Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts bleiben diese Eingriffe mit einer relevanten operativen Mortalität und neurologischen Komplikationsrate vergesellschaftet. Endovaskuläre Techniken sowie moderne Hybridverfahren erweitern das therapeutische Spektrum im Bereich des Aortenbogens zunehmend, auch wenn das offene operative Vorgehen aktuell noch der Goldstandard ist. Die endovaskuläre Behandlung eines Aortenaneurysmas wurde erstmals im Bereich der infrarenalen Aorta abdominalis in den frühen 1990er-Jahren durchgeführt. Es dauerte nicht lange, bis die ersten endovaskulären Therapieversuche zur Behandlung des
Aortenbogens unternommen wurden. Schon 1996 berichteten Inoue et al. über den Einsatz der ersten gebranchten Endoprothese zur Behandlung von Aneurysmen im Aortenbogen. Fortwährende Verbesserungen und Verfeinerungen der Implantationstechniken und auch des implantierten Materials führten dazu, dass heutzutage im Bereich der deszendierenden thorakalen und abdominellen Aorta die endovaskuläre Therapie eine immer bedeutsamere Option im Vergleich zu den offenen chirurgischen Verfahren darstellt und diese teils als Goldstandard abgelöst hat. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll einen Überblick über Voraussetzungen, Ergebnisse, aber auch Grenzen der endovaskulären Chirurgie des Aortenbogens geben.
Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir + Sofosbuvir + Ribavirin als Reserveregime nach Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir + Voxilaprevir Re-Therapieversagen
Authors: Tergast Tammo L. , Kordecki Nikolaus , Ohlendorf Valerie , Beier Christoph , Sandmann Lisa , Wedemeyer Heiner , Cornberg Markus , Maasoumy Benjamin
Published: October 2021

Die antivirale Erstlinientherapie mit direkt antiviral wirkenden Medikamenten (DAA) bei Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Virus-Infektion (HCV) führt in >90% der Fälle zu einer Ausheilung der Erkrankung. Selbst nach Versagen der Erstlinientherapie gibt es eine etablierte und gut wirksame Behandlungsoption mit Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir + Voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX). Allerdings gibt es einige Patienten, die selbst nach einer zweiten antiviralen Therapie keine Ausheilung erreichen. Oftmals gibt es Faktoren wie das Vorliegen einer Leberzirrhose oder einer Virusvariante, die mit einem Therapieversagen assoziiert sind. Zurzeit empfehlen europäische und amerikanische Leitlinien den Einsatz von SOF in Kombination mit Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (G/P) + Ribavirin (RBV) als Reservetherapie. Jedoch gibt es derzeit nur unzureichende Evidenz, um die Wirksamkeit bei diesen schwer zu behandelnden Patienten zu bestätigen. Im Folgenden wird über 2 Patienten mit HCV-Infektion (Genotyp 3 mit Y93H-Variante) und Leberzirrhose berichtet, bei denen mit einer Kombination von SOF + G/P ± RBV eine dauerhafte HCV-Ausheilung erzielt werden konnte. Bei einem Patienten lag zum Zeitpunkt des Therapiestarts bereits eine Child-B-Zirrhose vor, es kam zu keinerlei schweren Nebenwirkungen. Diese Daten unterstützen also einen Einsatz von SOF + G/P ± RBV bei Patienten mit Re-Therapieversagen nach SOF/VEL/VOX-Therapie.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (–)-Heliannuol E by α-Selective ­Propargyl Substitution
Authors: Ogawa Narihito , Uematsu Chihiro , Kobayashi Yuichi
Published: October 2021

This paper describes a stereoselective synthesis of (–)-heliannuol E through intramolecular cyclization of a phenol mesylate. The introduction of the aromatic group was achieved by α-selective propargyl substitution of a propargylic phosphate.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 in the Management of Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical Study
Authors: Pandav Gaurav , Pandav Sakshi , Jain Sanjeev , Saxena Divya , Aggarwal Ridhi , Gulati Prerna
Published: October 2021

Aim The present study was aimed to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the management of chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods A total of 60 patients aged between 30 and 60 years with bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth (PPD) of 3 to 5 mm were selected and divided into three groups, with group I receiving scaling and root planing, group II CoQ10 formulation for 6 weeks, and group III receiving both scaling and root planning, followed by coenzyme Q10 administration for 6 weeks. PPD, relative attachment level (RAL), and gingival index were recorded in all the groups at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months, respectively. The data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

Result Intragroup comparison showed statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the clinical parameters of all the groups at all time intervals, whereas intergroup comparison of all the parameters showed high statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) in group III at various time intervals followed by group I and group II.

Conclusion It was concluded from the study that CoQ10 is a useful adjunct in treating chronic periodontitis by boosting the host resistance to periodontal disease.
Effect of Eugenol on Streptococcus mutans Adhesion on NiTi Orthodontic Wires: In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions
Authors: Fatene Nassiba , Mounaji Khadija , Soukri Abdelaziz
Published: October 2021

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of two types of Eugenol against Streptococcus mutans and then assess the effect of different concentrations of two types of Eugenol on S. mutans adhesion on Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires in comparison to in vivo wires with fluoride-based hygiene regimen.

Materials and Methods Culture of Streptococcus mutans with NiTi orthodontic wires was done. Different media were prepared by adding 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5% of two origins of Eugenol (one biological obtained by hydrodistillation of Syzygium aromaticum and one chemical already prepared available in drugstores for dental use (Idental, MOROCCO, lot number: UAN/17–211/1). Three sizes of NiTi wires (0.016 inch, 0.016 × 0.022 inch, 0.017 × 0.025 inch) were retrieved from adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment after 1 month of setting them up in the mouth. After incubation, colony forming unites were calculated and a SEM analysis was done to the surface of each wire. ANOVA test was done between all groups to find statistical differences and post-hoc t-test with Bonferroni analysis was performed to elucidate differences between all groups with α = 0.05.

Results Eugenol has an anti-bacterial effect against S. mutans. The biological Eugenol has greater effect than the chemical one. The same observations were done for anti-adherent effect, the biological Eugenol demonstrated the highest anti-adherent effect at all concentrations while the effect of the chemical Eugenol was the lowest.

Conclusions The origin and the extraction mode of Eugenol have a crucial role in its antimicrobial and anti-adherent effect. Eugenol might constitute an alternative to Fluoride because it has an anti-adherent effect, limiting the incidence of white spot lesions.
Modification of Enamel Surface Morphology and Strength Using Nd:YAG Laser with Proper and Safe Parameters
Authors: Alkaisi Amera , Abdo Salma B.A.
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a Nd:YAG laser on enamel surface morphology and hardness using different energies and pulses.

Materials and Methods Twenty freshly extracted mature teeth were collected and sectioned. An Nd:YAG laser operating at 1,064 nm wavelength and providing up to 9 nanosecond laser pulses (1 J), with a laser spot diameter of 0.8 mm and irradiated surface area of 3 × 3 mm2, was applied to carbon black-coated teeth. The samples were randomly divided into two main groups; each group comprised 20 samples, according to the treatment parameters. The first group was further divided into subgroups A, B1, C1, and D1 using the different energies of 0, 350, 450, and 550 mJ, respectively, with 1 pulse for B1, C1, and D1. The second group was subdivided into A, B2, C2, and D2 and treated with 200 mJ, 3, 4, and 6 pulses for subgroups B2, C2 and D2, respectively. Subgroup A was the same sample for both groups as control with 0 pulses and 0 energy. Morphological features and microhardness were evaluated after laser exposure.

Statistical Analysis Analysis of variance (Kruskal–Wallis test) was used to compare all subgroups, followed by the Scheefy significant difference post hoc test to determine the highest significance of the subgroups. Alpha < 0.05 was set as significant.

Results The changes in the surface morphology of the enamel included increased crystal sizes, cracks, fissures, and voids with increasing energies and pulses. In group 1, the microhardness was 405.6, 562.7, 612, and 637 for energies of 0, 350, 450, and 550 mJ, respectively. In group 2, the microhardness was 405.6, 673, 866, and 1,050 for 0, 3, 4, and 6 pulses, respectively.

Conclusion The Nd:YAG laser is efficient for increasing the microhardness of the enamel surface with minimum morphological damage by applying low energy with more pulses.
Oncologic Head and Neck Reconstructive Microsurgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Dharmais Cancer Hospital-National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mukarramah Dewi Aisiyah , Rini Irena Sakura , Sofyan Rian Fabian , Kiat Muhammad Irsyad , Iskandar Iskandar , Ritana Azmi , Brahma Bayu
Published: October 2021

Background Head and neck cancer is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Complex head and neck procedures are potentially aerosol-generating and considered high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission between the patients, surgeons, and other health-care workers (HCWs). Several adjustments in the microsurgery procedure were needed. The COVID-19 protocol was developed and applied to minimize the COVID-19 transmission. The study objectives were to describe the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols applied and the characteristics of patients who underwent head and neck reconstructive microsurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dharmais Cancer Hospital-National Cancer Center.

Methods This study was a retrospective descriptive study of patients who underwent head and neck reconstructive microsurgery between March 2020 and December 2020 in the plastic surgery department and surgical oncology department, Dharmais Cancer Hospital-National Cancer Center, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients' characteristics including sex, age, location of the defects, the flap type, flap survival, and complications were obtained from medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results There were 55 patients, 30 (54.54%) patients were female, and 25 (45.45%) patients were male. The mean age at the time of surgery was 51.32 ± 1.85 years. The most common cancer type was squamous cell carcinoma for 49.09% (n = 27/55). The most frequent location was tongue for 25.45% (n = 14/55). Anterolateral thigh flap was also the most used flap in this study for 50.91% (n = 14/55). The overall survival rate of this study was 83.64% (n = 46/55). There were nine patients (16.36%) who were found with postoperative complications. There was no nosocomial infection with COVID-19 for patients, surgeons, and other HCWs.

Conclusion Microsurgery can be performed even in the COVID-19 pandemic as the gold standard for oncologic head and neck reconstruction by applying protocols to protect the patients, surgeons, and other HCWs.
A Multistate Decomposition Analysis of Cesarean Rate Variations, Associated Health Outcomes, and Financial Implications in the United States
Authors: Symum Hasan , Zayas-Castro José L.
Published: October 2021

Objectives Cesarean rates vary widely across the U.S. states; however, little is known about the causes and implications associated with these variations. The objectives of this study were to quantify the contribution of the clinical and nonclinical factors in explaining the difference in cesarean rates across states and to investigate the associated health outcome of cesarean variations.

Study Design Using the Hospital Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, this retrospective study included all nonfederal hospital births from Wisconsin, Florida, and New York. A nonlinear extension of the Oaxaca–Blinder method was used to decompose the contributions of differences in characteristics to cesarean variations between these states. The risk factors for cesarean delivery were identified using separate multivariable logistic regression analysis for each State.

Results The difference in clinical and nonclinical factors explained a substantial (~46.57–65.45%) proportion of cesarean variations between U.S. states. The major contributors of variation were patient demographics, previous cesareans, hospital markup ratios, and social determinants of health. Cesarean delivery was significantly associated with higher postpartum readmissions and unplanned emergency department visits, greater lengths of stay, and hospital costs across all states.

Conclusion Although a proportion of variations in cesarean rates can be explained by the differences in risk factors, the remaining unexplained variations suggest differences in practice patterns and imply potential quality concerns. Since nonclinical factors are likely to play an important role in cesarean variation, we recommend targeted initiatives increasing access to maternal care and improving maternal health literacy.

Key Points
Mild Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy: Can Neurophysiological Monitoring Predict Unfavorable Neurological Outcome? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Sciuto Sarah , Gioè Daniela , Sciuto Laura , Pisani Francesco , Pavone Piero , Ruggieri Martino
Published: October 2021

Objective Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the second cause of neonatal deaths and one of the main conditions responsible for long-term neurological disability. Contrary to past belief, children with mild HIE can also experience long-term neurological sequelae. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the predictive value of long-term neurological outcome of (electroencephalogram) EEG/amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in children who complained mild HIE.

Study Design From a first search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicalTrials.gov databases, only five articles were considered suitable for this study review. A statistical meta-analysis with the evaluation of odds ratio was performed on three of these studies.

Results No correlation was found between the characteristics of the electrical activity of the brain obtained through EEG/aEEG in infants with mild HIE and subsequent neurological involvement.

Conclusion EEG/aEEG monitoring in infants with mild HIE cannot be considered a useful tool in predicting their neurodevelopmental outcome, and its use for this purpose is reported as barely reliable.

Key Points
Change the coefficients of conditional entropies in extensivity
Authors: Takatsu Asuka
Published: October 2021

The extensivity of a functional on the space of probability measures is interpreted as the property that for any random variables (X, Y) taking finitely many values in N, the difference between the value of the functional at the joint law of (X, Y) and that at the law of X coincides with the linear combinations of the values at the conditional laws of Y, given X = n with coefficients given by the probabilities of each event X = n. We prove the impossibility to replace the coefficients with a non-power function of the probabilities of the events X = n. For a general functional, we estimate the difference between the value at the joint law of (X, Y) and that at the law of X.
Estimation of the information contained in the visible matter of the universe
Authors: Vopson Melvin M.
Published: October 2021

The information capacity of the universe has been a topic of great debate since the 1970s and continues to stimulate multiple branches of physics research. Here, we used Shannon’s information theory to estimate the amount of encoded information in all the visible matter in the universe. We achieved this by deriving a detailed formula estimating the total number of particles in the observable universe, known as the Eddington number, and by estimating the amount of information stored by each particle about itself. We determined that each particle in the observable universe contains 1.509 bits of information and there are ∼6 × 1080 bits of information stored in all the matter particles of the observable universe.
Building blocks for autonomous computing materials: Dimers, trimers, and tetramers
Authors: Wei Xingfei , Zhao Yinong , Zhuang Yi , Hernandez Rigoberto
Published: October 2021

Autonomous computing materials for data storage and computing offer an opportunity for next generation of computing devices. Patchy nanoparticle networks, for example, have been suggested as potential candidates for emulating neuronal networks and performing brain-like computing. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to show that stable dimers, trimers, and tetramers can be built from citrate capped gold nanoparticles (cit-AuNPs) linked by poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) chains. We use different lengths of PAHs to build polymer-networked nanoparticle assemblies that can emulate a complex neuronal network linked by axons of varying lengths. We find that the tetramer structure can accommodate up to 11 different states when the AuNP pairs are connected by either of two polymer linkers, PAH200 and PAH300. We find that the heavy AuNPs contribute to the assembly’s structure stability. To further illustrate the stability, the AuNP–AuNP distances in dimer, trimer, and tetramer structures are reduced by steering the cit-AuNPs closer to each other. At different distances, these steered structures are all locally stable in a 10 ns MD simulation time scale because of their connection to the AuNPs. We also find that the global potential energy minimum is at short AuNP–AuNP distances where AuNPs collapse because the -NH3+ and –COO− attraction reduces the potential energy. The stability and application of these fundamental structures remain to be further improved through the use of alternative polymer linkers and nanoparticles.
Widefield quantum microscopy with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: Strengths, limitations, and prospects
Authors: Scholten S. C. , Healey A. J. , Robertson I. O. , Abrahams G. J. , Broadway D. A. , Tetienne J.-P.
Published: October 2021

A dense layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers near the surface of a diamond can be interrogated in a widefield optical microscope to produce spatially resolved maps of local quantities such as magnetic field, electric field, and lattice strain, providing potentially valuable information about a sample or device placed in proximity. Since the first experimental realization of such a widefield NV microscope in 2010, the technology has seen rapid development and demonstration of applications in various areas across condensed matter physics, geoscience, and biology. This Perspective analyzes the strengths and shortcomings of widefield NV microscopy in order to identify the most promising applications and guide future development. We begin with a brief review of quantum sensing with ensembles of NV centers and the experimental implementation of widefield NV microscopy. We then compare this technology to alternative microscopy techniques commonly employed to probe magnetic materials and charge flow distributions. Current limitations in spatial resolution, measurement accuracy, magnetic sensitivity, operating conditions, and ease of use are discussed. Finally, we identify the technological advances that solve the aforementioned limitations and argue that their implementation would result in a practical, accessible, high-throughput widefield NV microscope.
Nonvolatile resistive switching memory based on monosaccharide fructose film
Authors: Xing Yuan , Sueoka Brandon , Cheong Kuan Yew , Zhao Feng
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we report resistive random access memory (RRAM) based on a monosaccharide—fructose for nonvolatile memory in biocompatible and “green” electronics. Fructose thin film acts as the resistive switching layer with Al and Ag top electrodes for comparison. Both devices demonstrated highly reproducible nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching behaviors with a large on/off ratio of ∼106 for the Al electrode and ∼105 for the Ag electrode. The forming voltage, set voltage, and memory window are also larger for the Al electrode than the Ag electrode, but the reset voltages are comparable. Dominant conduction mechanisms of fructose films were proposed. At a high resistance state, both electrodes reveal space charge limited conduction, while at a low resistance state, the governing mechanism is Ohm's law, and in addition, the Ag electrode also shows trap-fill limited conduction when approaching the reset voltage. This observation has yet to be reported in RRAM based on natural bio-organic materials.
A perspective on light sheet microscopy and imaging: Applications across the breadth of applied physics and biophysics
Authors: Mondal Partha Pratim
Published: October 2021

Once in a while, a field of research comes across a technological breakthrough that drives it forward. This is something that seems apparent in optical fluorescence microscopy and imaging with the advent of light sheet technology. Over a span of a few years, this technology has revolutionized the field and has brought in the concept of sheet-based plane-selective imaging with near-diffraction-limited resolution. The technology has progressed further by its integration with existing imaging methods and super-resolution techniques. Unlike existing techniques that are predominantly point-illumination-based, light sheet technology offers selectivity, single-shot interrogation, a large field-of-view, and high-speed data acquisition. Qualitatively, this has resulted in an improved signal-to-background ratio, reduced scattering, improved contrast, and the ability to interrogate a large spectrum of specimens (from cells to mammals). Recent advances have shown the reach of this emerging technology in biological sciences (developmental biology and imaging flow cytometry) and applied physics (nanolithography, beam shaping, and optical traps). The growth and adaptability of this technique are well received by the research community. The technique is expected to grow at a steady rate and has the ability to overcome the issues faced by the existing point-based techniques. In this perspective, we look at the challenges of live imaging (for mammals and plants), the methods in applied physics, and the opportunities presented by recent advances.
The membrane-linked adaptor FRS2β fashions a cytokine-rich inflammatory microenvironment that promotes breast cancer carcinogenesis
Authors: Takeuchi Yasuto , Kimura Natsuko , Murayama Takahiko , Machida Yukino , Iejima Daisuke , Nishimura Tatsunori , Terashima Minoru , Wang Yuming , Li Mengjiao , Sakamoto Reiko , Yamamoto Mizuki , Itano Naoki , Inoue Yusuke , Ito Masataka , Yoshida Nobuaki , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Akashi Koichi , Saya Hideyuki , Fujita Koji , Kuroda Masahiko , Kitabayashi Issay , Voon Dominic , Suzuki Takeshi , Tojo Arinobu , Gotoh Noriko
Published: October 2021

Significance

Human breast cancer develops after a long period of latency under premalignant conditions. Strategies to target the premalignant conditions have yet to materialize since the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we discovered that FRS2β, expressed in a subset of mammary epithelial cells, directly activates nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) and drives the initiation and promotion of the stroma-rich premalignant conditions. The FRS2β-triggered activation of NF-κB takes place in the early endosomes, the organelles, which have not been believed to be a major place for NF-κB signaling. The endosome signaling should be a novel focus for targeting therapy for prevention of breast cancer. This work paves a new way to develop preventive strategies of breast tumor development.
Early warm-season mesoscale convective systems dominate soil moisture–precipitation feedback for summer rainfall in central United States
Authors: Hu Huancui , Leung L. Ruby , Feng Zhe
Published: October 2021

Significance

Soil moisture can significantly influence precipitation through soil moisture–precipitation feedback. Previous studies of soil moisture–precipitation feedback focused on the total precipitation, confounding the distinct roles of different storm types. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are the largest form of deep convective storms, contributing 30 to 70% of warm-season rainfall in the central United States. Using unique datasets of MCS and non-MCS rains and soil moisture sourced from these rains, analyses revealed the dominant role of early warm-season (April to June) MCS rainfall in summer (July) MCS and non-MCS rainfall through positive and negative soil moisture–precipitation feedback, respectively. These results underscore the importance of understanding and modeling MCSs in the significant grain growing region of the central United States.
Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation
Authors: Pittman Michael , Barlow Luke A. , Kaye Thomas G. , Habib Michael B.
Published: October 2021

Pterosaurs were the first vertebrate flyers and lived for over 160 million years. However, aspects of their flight anatomy and flight performance remain unclear. Using laser-stimulated fluorescence, we observed direct soft tissue evidence of a wing root fairing in a pterosaur, a feature that smooths out the wing–body junction, reducing associated drag, as in modern aircraft and flying animals. Unlike bats and birds, the pterosaur wing root fairing was unique in being primarily made of muscle rather than fur or feathers. As a muscular feature, pterosaurs appear to have used their fairing to access further flight performance benefits through sophisticated control of their wing root and contributions to wing elevation and/or anterior wing motion during the flight stroke. This study underscores the value of using new instrumentation to fill knowledge gaps in pterosaur flight anatomy and evolution.
Digital printing of shape-morphing natural materials
Authors: Zhao Ze , Kumar Jatin , Hwang Youngkyu , Deng Jingyu , Ibrahim Mohammed Shahrudin Bin , Huang Changjin , Suresh Subra , Cho Nam-Joon
Published: October 2021

Significance

Most shape-morphing materials rely on nonrenewable fossil resources or finely extracted biomaterials, which need strict reaction control, elaborate processing equipment, or prefabricated templates to achieve controllable transformation. To circumvent these challenges, we developed an eco-friendly and scalable strategy for programmable shape evolution that integrates easy-to-process pollen biomass with cost-effective digital printing. Using this approach, specific geometrical features and architectures were customized to build complex materials with user-defined, shape-morphing abilities. These fabrication efforts were complemented by computational simulations to build quantitative and mechanistic insights into the biomaterial’s characteristics for creating complex shapes with methods that are suitable for scalable manufacturing.