bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Educational Interventions on Physicians’ Exercise Counseling and Prescription Practices
Authors: Courish Molly K. , Shivgulam Madeline E. , Petterson Jennifer L. , Pellerine Liam P. , Kivell Matthew J. , O’Brien Myles W.
Published: January 2024

Context

Physicians report various barriers to providing patients with physical activity (PA) counseling and prescriptions. Implementing educational interventions among physicians could be an effective method for the promotion of PA counseling in primary care.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to review the impact and efficacy of different educational intervention modalities on physicians’ PA promotion outcomes.

Design

Twenty-one articles were included in this systematic review and were of moderate quality (6.8 ± 3.3 of 14 controlled trials and 6.3 ± 2.3 of 12 uncontrolled trials), assessed via the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tools. Studies ranged in sample size from 9 to 12,945 participants (n = 16,283).

Eligibility Criteria

For inclusion, studies had to have had interventional experimental design and performed an educational intervention aiming to improve PA counseling or exercise prescription practice, and most of the sample comprised physicians.

Study Selection

Sources were searched in May 2022 (n = 3422 citations without duplicates) via Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Academic Search Premier (Prospero ID: CRD42022331755).

Main Outcome Measures

Physician PA practice outcomes across studies were categorized in terms of frequency of counseling and prescription, knowledge, and confidence.

Results

Most studies measuring PA counseling (8 of 13 studies) and prescription practices (8 of 10 studies) exhibited an increased frequency of PA prescription before and after the intervention. Physician confidence surrounding PA increased in most studies (10 of 12 studies), as well as knowledge of PA (6 of 7 studies).

Conclusions

Studies that were most effective in increasing physician PA promotion outcomes incorporated a practical component (i.e., hands-on) in addition to a theoretical session (i.e., lecture-based) to meet specific goals (e.g., accredited PA guidelines, prescription strategies). This review outlines the strengths and weaknesses of present educational intervention modalities and provides insight into future directions for education models to promote PA counseling and exercise prescription practices among physicians.
Analyzing Thermal Processes in Laser Welding of Multi- Component Heat-Resistant Alloy Thin-Walled Butt Joints: A Comprehensive Modeling Approach
Authors: Sokolovskyi Mykola , Bernatskyi Artemii , Siora Oleksandr , Bondarieva Valentyna , Yurchenko Yurii , Shamsutdinova Nataliia , Danyleiko Oleksandr
Published: January 2024

Niobium-based alloys are vital in high-temperature environments due to their unique chemical composition, phase structure, high density, and oxidation resistance. These alloys find extensive applications in industries such as medicine, engine manufacturing, and space technology. This study delves into the complexities of modeling laser welding processes, necessitated by the multitude of dynamic parameters specific to each surface configuration. Finite element modeling was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze the heat transfer in butt joints between Nb-15W-5Mo-1Zr alloy plates under 400 W laser radiation power. The research employed finite element modeling to analyze heat transfer in Nb-15W-5Mo-1Zr alloy plates, considering non-uniform movement at the start and end of the welding process, Gaussian heat flux distribution along the laser spot radius, and temperature-dependent reflection coefficient. The models accounted for non-uniform movement, Gaussian heat flux distribution, and temperature-dependent reflection coefficient. The study demonstrated that thin plates of Nb-15W-5Mo-1Zr alloy can be effectively welded using specific laser processing modes, leveraging their high initial cooling rate of 1.2-1.3 s. Successful welding of Nb-15W-5Mo-1Zr alloy plates requires careful consideration of laser processing parameters. While the alloy's thermodynamic properties allow for effective welding, ensuring weld quality mandates additional production processes aimed at preventing potential part failure.
Exploring Lipid Fraction, Aflatoxin Levels and Shelf Life in Industrial Biscuits
Authors: Altemimi Ammar B. , Haider Noor N. , George Saher S. , Haoujar Imane , Cacciola Francesco , Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal , Giuffrè Angelo Maria
Published: January 2024

This study examined the presence of aflatoxins, fatty acid compositions, and storage stability in cookies (BSC), digestive biscuits (BSD), and crackers (BScr) produced in different countries. The findings showed that AFB2 and AFG2 were not found in the studied biscuits, but AFB1 was detected in BSD1-S, BSD1-I, BSC2-U, and BScr1-T, while AFG1 was only found in BSD1-S and BScr1-T. The saturated fatty acid content in BSC, BSD, and BScr samples varied from 20.69% to 45.90%, 10.90% to 47.03%, and 11.35% to 46.88%, respectively. The unsaturated fatty acid content in BSC, BSD, and BScr samples ranged from 11.31% to 59.17%, 12.40% to 74.24%, and from Keywords:
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Pectin From Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) Rags: Optimization, Characterization, and Application in Model Food Gel
Authors: Chan Sook Wah, , Han Ching Enn, , Tan Chin Ping, , Khor Yih Phing, , Lou Zaixiang,
Published: January 2024

Jackfruit rags (JR) are an abundant source of pectin, which offers promising health benefits. They can be valorized into a functional ingredient to reduce food waste and supply the local market demand. This research aimed to optimize and characterize the pectin extracted from JR using an ultrasound-assisted method with hydrochloric acid. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the solid-to-solvent ratio (1:25 to 1:35) and extraction time (15 to 45 mins) to obtain high yield of pectin. The optimal conditions for JR pectin extraction were found to be a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:34.97 g/mL and an extraction time of 34.69 min, resulting in a pectin yield of 12.53%. The yielded pectin exhibited ash content of 3.64%, galacturonic acid content of 35.79 µg/mL, equivalent weight of 1950.88, methoxyl content of 1.39, anhydrouronic acid content of 31.12%, and degree of ¬esterification of 70.08%. FTIR analysis showed similar chemical group stretching and vibrations in both commercial pectin and JR pectin. The extracted pectin was then applied into model food gel and compared with commercial pectin. JR pectin formed a firm gel structure at low pH as compared to control pectin,¬ however both are classified as high methoxy pectin. Under optimum conditions, the experimental value was in close proximity to the predicted values with no significant difference, thereby validating the regression model. The potential of JR pectin to emerge as a fresh and sustainable source within the food industry is significant, given its comparable quality to commercially available pectin.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Novel Analog Rice from Fermented Sorghum Flour by Rhizopus oligosporus and Soybean Flour
Authors: Bahlawan Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy , Kumoro Andri Cahyo , Megawati Megawati
Published: January 2024

The need for food in the world is currently increasing, one of high consumption is rice. Analog rice is one of the products for rice substitute consumption to meet staple food with better nutritional value. In this research, the production of analog rice was made from fermented sorghum using Rhizopus oligosporus which has been studied previously with the addition of soybean flour fortification. Raw materials of sorghum grain were fermented using Rhizopus oligosporus to reduce tannin levels of sorghum and the addition of fortified soybean flour aims to increase the nutrition of analog rice. Analog rice production is carried out using the extrusion method with fermented sorghum flour with fortified soybean flour in a ratio of 0 to 50%. Nutritional value of analog rice (carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber, minerals, and water), morphology, water adsorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), hydrophilicity, and consumer acceptance were characterized. The best nutritional of analog rice produced was obtained from the combination of 50% sorghum (red or white sorghum) and 50% soybean flour, which contained carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber of 58.29%, 17.07%, 14.47%, and 7.43% respectively. The increasing portion fortified of soybean flour was reduced the WAI and increased the density of the analog rice structure. These characteristics are friendly to diabetic patients since they are rich in carbohydrates, protein, and fiber. On the other hand, this analog rice has the potential to be consumed as a main food ingredient to replace paddy rice and develop to staple food. Moreover, the insignificant effect of the WSI value and hydrophilicity of the analog rice were observed. However, adding soybean flour as a substitute for analog rice was less attractive to consumers than analog rice without substitutes.
Introduction and Validation of a New Suchitra Scoring System and Determining the Cut off Value for Healthy Lifestyle Among College Students - Kumbakonam Urban Rural Epidemiological Study- KURES- 8
Authors: Suchitra M. R. , Balachandar S. , Govindarajan Priya , Parthasarathy S.
Published: January 2024

College students face a range of problems that might have an impact on their lifestyle, such as academic stress, restricted time, and money, as well as exposure to bad habits. As a result, understanding and promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours is crucial for college students' general health and academic achievement. The development and validation of an instrument (questionnaire) to assess college students' lifestyle practises provides an objective and trustworthy tool for analysing their lifestyle. The intent of this study sought to develop and test a lifestyle questionnaire for college students. The 11-question questionnaire was created to evaluate different areas of a student's lifestyle, including exercise routines, eating habits, sleep quality, stress management, and social behaviour. On a sample of 245 college students, the questionnaire was validated using target population, expert content validity, construct with other known scores, test and retest, alpha, and Pearson correlation analysis. The cut-off value for a good lifestyle was determined to be 21.5, with scores over this amount indicating a good living. Even though most students had poor sleep quality, little physical activity, and poor dietary pattern, we had a low incidence of alcohol and smoking in our sample. The majority were non-vegetarians, and fast-food consumption was much higher. To conclude, the questionnaire (Suchitra score), developed and validated for measuring lifestyle in college students is a reliable and valid tool for assessing various aspects of a student's lifestyle.
Ratio Variation of Maltodextrin and Gum Arabic as Encapsulant on White Jack Bean Tempe Protein Concentrate
Authors: Yarlina Vira Putri , Diva Alisha , Zaida Zaida , Andoyo Robi , Djali Mohamad , Lani Mohd Nizam
Published: January 2024

The physical and chemical properties of encapsulated substance is directly influenced by the choice of the encapsulant. Different ratios of maltodextrin (MD) and Gum Arabic (GA) produce varying material properties. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain the optimal encapsulant ratio for white jack bean tempe protein concentrate based on physical and chemical characteristics. To achieve this, a descriptive method was employed along with One-Way ANOVA. The results showed that varying encapsulant ratio led to distinct protein content, moisture content, encapsulation efficiency, and yield. The treatment with maltodextrin and Gum Arabic ratio of 20:80 showed the highest effectiveness, with protein content, moisture content, encapsulation efficiency, and yield at 26.10 ± 0.45%, 7.93 ± 0.42%, 95.84 ± 0.71%, and 14.27%, respectively.
Changes in Protein-Related Enzyme Activities, Concentrations of GABA and Nitrogen-Containing Constituents of Vigna Radiata L. Seeds Germinated under Different Circumstances
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi Hoang , Hoa Phan Ngoc , Thanh Tien Nguyen Ngoc , Hung Pham Van
Published: January 2024

Germination is one of the most important techniques to enhance the nutrients and functionality of legume seeds. This academic work investigated the effects of pre-treatment with acidifying soaking water and germination time on changes in concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and nitrogenous constituents, and protein-related enzyme activities in mung bean seeds. Higher amounts of crude protein, non-protein nitrogenous, free amino acids, and enzyme activities, but lower protein nitrogenous concentrations were found when soaking in more acidic water and germinating at longer germination time. Steeping water of pH 5.5 and germination duration of 8 h induced mung bean seeds to manifest the highest activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) (60.9 U/g powder, db) and protease (2.81 U/g powder, db), responsible for the highest values of GABA (1.60 g/kg, db), free amino acids (5.92 g/kg, db) and non-protein nitrogen (14.7 g/kg, db), and the lowest amount of protein nitrogen (30.8 g/kg, db). These findings indicate that pre-treatment with acidic soaking water before germinating was more likely to enrich the GABA and amino acid-containing compounds of the mung bean seeds.
LC-MS/MS Targeted Amino Acid Profiling of Edible Beetle Anomala Sp. and its Host Plants
Authors: Muni Nending , Prveen Prveen , Rajashekar Yallappa , Chakravorty Jharna
Published: January 2024

Anomala sp. is a green coleopteran beetle that feeds on the leaves of various fruit trees. It is one of the most preferred and abundantly found edible insects in Arunachal Pradesh, India. People from different countries consume it due to its nutritional and therapeutic value, both in cooked and uncooked form. This study aimed to assess the amino acid content in this edible insect and its host plant, which is still lagging. The method involves targeted metabolomic analysis using LC–MS/MS, producing reliable and reproducible data for quantifying free amino acids using deuterated internal standards without derivatization. Results showed that 0.57% and 0.36% of essential amino acids contributed to the total amino acids content in beetle and host plant’s leaf, respectively, which does not meet the FAO requirement. Still, it has a higher content than related edible scarab beetle analyzed by other techniques. Amino acid content is significantly higher in edible beetle than in the host plant’s leaf (P< 0.001).
Characterization of Phytoconstituents, Total Flavonoids and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Aegle marmelos Correa
Authors: Sharma Pritika , Sharma Vasudha , Agarwal Nidhi
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed at characterization of phytoconstituents, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of different parts of Aegle marmelos Correa. The powders from different parts of Aegle marmelos were analyzed for the phytoconstituents by phytochemical profiling and measurement of total phenolic content and estimation of marmelosin, umbelliferone and luvangetin. Our study would be first ever reported on quantitative analysis, to the best of our knowledge for these relative constituents of the different parts of Aegle marmelos Correa. plant. The total antioxidant activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH %)) varied from 20.8±0.66 to 0.18±0.01, the total phenolic contents (mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g)) varied from 5.74±0.26 to 0.12±0.02 & the total flavonoid contents ranged from 1.58±0.01 to 0.04±.0.01. Luvangetin, marmelosin and umbelliferone (% by weight) for Aegle marmelos Correa. fruit pulp was found to be 1.78± 0.11, 1.61± 0.04 and 1.84± 0.14 respectively. The intent of this research is to focus on the quantitative analysis of these parts which will help in use of Aegle marmelos Correa. plant in future for research in the field of nutraceuticals development, treatment & finding cure for gastrointestinal and other chronic diseases for medicinal purpose.
IoT implemented Osmotic Dehydrator
Authors: Mendoza Lesly C. Flores- , Berru Estrellita M. Calle- , Chero Manuel Sanchez-
Published: January 2024

Osmotic dehydration is a dehydration technique that allows the preservation of the organoleptic characteristics of the food and its nutritional properties compared to other preservation methods, such as hot air drying or solar drying. Studies on this dehydration process are usually carried out on a laboratory scale and with the constant presence of the evaluator, interrupting the process for sampling. That is why the main objective of this research was to build an automated osmotic dehydration equipment implementing the Internet of Things (IoT). The measurable factors involved in the process were determined, and the necessary sensors and actuators were chosen along with the best IoT alternative for the process. A prototype was built, which allows for controlling the agitation of the osmotic solution, temperature control, and remote monitoring of concentration and temperature variables. The equipment was tested by evaluating its performance in the dehydration of melon and apple, where the ANOVA tests demonstrated the significance (p < 0.05) of the factors chosen as part of the equipment design and their interaction with the process. In the apple samples, a weight loss of up to 44.007% and a water loss of 53.234% were obtained. For melon, the process showed greater efficiency in dehydration, with values of 75.259% for weight loss and 75.979% for water loss.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Essential Oils from Four Spices against Salmonella typhimurium: Mathematical Modelling and Application in Enhancing Salad Cream Safety
Authors: Lertchirakarn Phattaraporn , Muangrat Rattana
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to investigate the inhibitory effects of certain natural substances (finger root, clove, lemongrass, cardamom, and the combination of lemongrass with cardamom) against Salmonella typhimurium, a type of bacteria known to cause foodborne illnesses. The result showed that finger root, clove, lemongrass, cardamom, and the combination of lemongrass with cardamom exhibited strong inhibitory effects against S. typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated. MIC values ranged from 0.049 to 0.781 µl/ml, and MBC values ranged from 0.049 to 6.250 µl/ml. Furthermore, the study aimed to develop mathematical models that accurately describe S. typhimurium survival in the presence of these essential oils. By understanding how the S. typhimurium respond to the oils over time, it was found that the mathematical models accurately described bacterial survival, with the modified Gompertz model fitting for finger root essential oil and the Weibull and modified Gompertz models suitable for the other oils. Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the practical viability of incorporating these essential oils into salad cream formulations, primarily aiming to assess their potential in reducing S. typhimurium counts and ensuring compliance with established quality standards. Specifically, the inclusion of finger root, clove, lemongrass, cardamom, and the combination of lemongrass with cardamom in salad cream formulations, maintained at a controlled temperature of 4 °C, yielded positive outcomes, meeting the required quality standards. Importantly, the presence of S. typhimurium was rendered undetectable, and an overall reduction in microbial count was observed when compared to cream formulations lacking these essential oils. This study effectively underscores the potential of the examined essential oils as natural antimicrobial agents suitable for incorporation in food products
Physical, Mechanical Barrier, Antibacterial Properties, and Functional Group of Carrageenan-Based Edible Film as Influenced by Pectin from Dillenia Serrata Fruit Peel and Curcumin
Authors: Sultan Reza Arianto , Rahman Andi Nur Faidah , Dirpan Andi , Syarifuddin Adiansyah
Published: January 2024

The use of carrageenan-based edible film has increased since it can be functionalized with other biopolymers and active ingredients. Dillenia serrata peel pectin and curcumin were mixed at various proportions to form a carrageenan-based edible film by casting method. In this work, the main objectives are to utilize the peel of Dillenia serrata fruit as a source of pectin combined with curcumin for carrageenan-based edible film production and to assess the effect of various concentrations of pectin and curcumin on the physical, mechanical, barrier, antibacterial properties, and functional group of films. Nine carrageenan-based edible films produced by the casting method were designed on the basis of a complete factorial design with three concentrations of pectin and curcumin. Tensile strength, thickness, WVTR, swelling, colour, antibacterial activity, and FTIR analysis were measured. The results revealed that the concentration of pectin significantly influenced the thickness, WVTR, and swelling, while the addition of curcumin presents significantly influenced the WVTR and colour of films. The edible film containing high pectin and curcumin gave the lowest thickness and WVTR. All films showed a lower inhibitory zone for Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus when higher curcumin was incorporated into the biopolymer matrix. FTIR analysis revealed that curcumin can be used along with Dillenia serrata pectin to form a good-quality carrageenan-based edible film. These findings suggested that carrageenan-based edible film with addition of pectin and curcumin improved overall performance. This approach can be a good strategy to encourage sustainable utilization of endemic fruit wastes (Dillenia serrata fruit peel) for development of edible packaging film.
Microbiological, Physicochemical, and Sensory Characters of Synbiotic Ice Cream from Fermented Milk Using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. Plantarum Dad-13 Combined with Inulin
Authors: Saputro Asepto Edi , Yanti Rini , Rahayu Endang Sutriswati
Published: January 2024

Ice cream, which includes dairy product, is a good carrier of addition probiotics and prebiotics. This study was designed to assess the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory properties of the ice cream. The characteristics of ice cream made from fermented milk using L. plantarum Dad-13 combined with inulin (0%, 1%, and 2%) were evaluated such as cell viability, pH, titratable acidity, overrun, melting rate, sensory evaluation with hedonic test, microstructure using scanning electron microscopy, and volatile organic compounds using HS-GC-MS. The results showed that cell viability in synbiotic ice cream with 2% inulin decreased by 1 log cycle, which showed the most stable value during storage until the 12th week was still 1.03 x 107 CFU/g. Synbiotic ice cream with 2% inulin showed the highest overrun value of 35.72% and the slowest melting rate of 40.71% of ice cream melted in 20 minutes. Overall attributes in the hedonic test of synbiotic ice cream with 2% inulin showed a value of 4, which means the most preferred by panelists. Hence, this research showed that ice cream containing 2% inulin, in particular, has a better microstructure due to the prevention of ice recrystallization, which results in smaller ice crystals. The ketone volatile organic compound only found in ice cream with 1% inulin was cyclopentadecanone, 2-hydroxy- with percentage of area 10.25% while for ice cream that contains 2% inulin, it was oxacyclotetradecan-2-one with percentage of area 9.31%. Furthermore, several volatile organic compounds, such as 2-trifluoroacetoxydodecane, 4-propionyloxytridecane, and anthracene, 9-butyltetradecahydro, were only found in the synbiotic ice cream. This study has the potential to be a novel functional food containing probiotic indigenous L. plantarum Dad-13 and prebiotic inulin.
Training of A Sensory Panel and its Correlation with Instrumental Methods: Texture of a Pseudo Plastic
Authors: Paredes Julio Palmay- , Paz-Yépez Carolina , Galarza Grace Medina- , Vera Richer Guerra , Vera Ana Campuzano , Hernandez Cesar
Published: January 2024

Sensory analysis is a scientific discipline with specific purposes, which measures and explores the stimuli perceived by the senses against different variants and whose results can be validated through instrumental methods. In the present study, the target was established utilizing convocation, selection, and training of a group of semi-trained judges to serve as a basis for the correlation of sensory analysis with instrumental analysis at the Agrarian University, Ecuador. The study was carried out in 2023 at the Agrarian University of Ecuador. A general call was made, where finalists were trained twice a week for one month as sensory judges in terms of hedonic scale and texture (adhesiveness, homogeneity, and viscosity) to determine different texture parameters, using as a preliminary test of capabilities, the evaluation of 3 different formulations of a dressing based on passion fruit juice and babaco. Once the treatment with the highest sensory acceptability was determined, an instrumental, microbiological, and physical-chemical analysis was conducted. The results were tabulated through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Tukey 5% method with the RStudio statically data program. The research results from the call, 150 participants entered, of which 30 final panelists were determined who, through training, fulled the established requirements and, in turn, chose the second formulation of the dressing as the best treatment, which employs back extrusion test as an instrumental validation parameter, provided an overview of the relationship between sensory and instrumental analysis and its correlation. The correlation of the analyses to the texture profile evidenced the variability presented by the different treatments. Based on this, the present study emphasizes the importance of developing a comparison between sensory training with semi-trained judges and instrumental analyses, presenting a significant impact on the evaluation within the product development process. Assessing the strategic correlation of both approaches can provide a more comprehensive and balanced assessment of sensory quality, leveraging the strength of human subjectivity and the precision of instrumental measurements.
Polyamide 66 hybrid TiO2–pectin flat-sheet membrane applied to wetland water ultrafiltration
Authors: Zahratunnisa  , Elma (contact) Muthia , Aisyah Ermila Ramadani , Hastati  , Subkhan Rahmat , Widiawardani Santi , Rahma Aulia , Syauqiah Isna
Published: January 2024

This article describes a study in which a hybrid, polyamide 66 flat-sheet membrane is fabricated and then used to eliminate turbidity in wetland water in an area of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The membrane was prepared by the phase inversion technique, using nylon 66, formic acid solvent, titanium dioxide and pectin as additives. Results show that the pure water flux of the membrane produced is extremely high – reaching 418.04 Lm-2h-1 – but decreased to 311.97 Lm-2h-1 with the addition of TiO2–pectin. When applied to wetland water the PA–TiO2–pectin membrane showed 100% turbidity rejection.
Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. and Oxyresveratrol Inhibits Interleukin 6 Secretion Related with Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand, Yomlar Saowalak , Trisat Kanittaporn ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand, Limpeanchob Nanteetip ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacological Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
Published: January 2024

Chronic low-grade inflammation plays an important role in insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes in obese people. Adipocytes, the most abundant cell type in adipose tissue, could produce various types of cytokines responsible for chronic inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the preventive effect of oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad, which is the oxyresveratrol-enriched aqueous extract from Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., on the inflammation and insulin resistance demonstrated by adipocytes. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were monitored to evaluate the inflammatory status of the adipocyte cells during the 3T3-L1 adipocytes maturation period. Intracellular lipid accumulation and glucose uptake were measured to assess adipogenicity and insulin sensitivity status of mature adipocytes, respectively. The results showed that 3T3-L1 adipocytes substantially secreted IL-6 but not TNF-α, IL-1β. Further, IL-6 secretion was correlated with lipid quantity accumulated in the adipocytes. Oxyresveratrol and Puag-Haad predominantly exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting IL-6 release but showed less effect on lipid accumulation. 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with Puag-Haad (40 µg/mL) for 15 days showed significant decreases in fat accumulation and IL-6 secretion and promoted the glucose uptake. These outcomes indicate an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Taken all together, the data indicates that Puag-Haad is an interesting natural substance that should be further studied for its preventive effect on obese-mediated inflammation and the consequences of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Keywords: Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb., Oxyresveratrol, Pro-inflammatory cytokine, Insulin resistance, Adipocyte
A population-based epidemiological and health economic analysis of fracture-related infection
Authors: Foster Andrew L. , Warren Jacelle , Vallmuur Kirsten , Jaiprakash Anjali , Crawford Ross , Tetsworth Kevin , Schuetz Michael A.
Published: January 2024

Aims

The aim of this study was to perform the first population-based description of the epidemiological and health economic burden of fracture-related infection (FRI).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of operatively managed orthopaedic trauma patients from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016, performed in Queensland, Australia. Record linkage was used to develop a person-centric, population-based dataset incorporating routinely collected administrative, clinical, and health economic information. The FRI group consisted of patients with International Classification of Disease 10th Revision diagnosis codes for deep infection associated with an implanted device within two years following surgery, while all others were deemed not infected. Demographic and clinical variables, as well as healthcare utilization costs, were compared.

Results

There were 111,402 patients operatively managed for orthopaedic trauma, with 2,775 of these (2.5%) complicated by FRI. The development of FRI had a statistically significant association with older age, male sex, residing in rural/remote areas, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander background, lower socioeconomic status, road traffic accident, work-related injuries, open fractures, anatomical region (lower limb, spine, pelvis), high injury severity, requiring soft-tissue coverage, and medical comorbidities (univariate analysis). Patients with FRI had an eight-times longer median inpatient length of stay (24 days vs 3 days), and a 2.8-times higher mean estimated inpatient hospitalization cost (AU$56,565 vs AU$19,773) compared with uninfected patients. The total estimated inpatient cost of the FRI cohort to the healthcare system was AU$156.9 million over the ten-year period.

Conclusion

The results of this study advocate for improvements in trauma care and infection management, address social determinants of health, and highlight the upside potential to improve prevention and treatment strategies.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):77–85.
Diagnostic challenges in low-grade central osteosarcoma
Authors: Khal Adyb A. , Aiba Hisaki , Righi Alberto , Gambarotti Marco , Atherley O'Meally Ahmed O. , Manfrini Marco , Donati Davide M. , Errani Constantino
Published: January 2024

Aims

Low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCOS), a rare type of osteosarcoma, often has misleading radiological and pathological features that overlap with those of other bone tumours, thereby complicating diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to analyze the clinical, radiological, and pathological features of patients with LGCOS, with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 49 patients with LGCOS (Broder’s grade 1 to 2) treated between January 1985 and December 2017 in a single institute. We examined the presence of malignant features on imaging (periosteal reaction, cortical destruction, soft-tissue invasion), the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy, surgical treatment, and oncological outcome.

Results

Based on imaging, 35 of 49 patients (71.4%) exhibited malignant features. Overall, 40 of 49 patients (81.6%) had undergone a biopsy before en-bloc resection: 27 of 40 patients (67.5%) were diagnosed on the first biopsy, which was more accurate when carried out by open rather than needle biopsy (91.3% vs 35.3% diagnostic accuracy, respectively; p < 0.001). Of the 40 patients treated by en-bloc resection, surgical margins were wide in 38 (95.0%) and marginal in two (5.0%). Furthermore, nine of 49 patients (18.4%) underwent curettage (intralesional margin) without previous biopsy. All patients with a positive margin developed local recurrence. Distant metastases occurred in five of 49 patients (10.2%). The mean five-year overall survival (OS) and distant relapse-free survival (D-RFS) were 89.3% (SD 5.1%) and 85.7% (SD 5.5%), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the occurrence of distant metastasis was a poor prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio 11.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92 to 69.17; p < 0.001). Local recurrence was a poor prognostic factor for D-RFS (HR 8.72, 95% CI 1.69 to 45.0; p = 0.002).

Conclusion

The diagnosis of LGCOS can be challenging because it may present with non-malignant features and has a low diagnostic accuracy on biopsy. If precisely diagnosed, LGCOS can be successfully treated by surgical excision with wide margins.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(1):99–106.
Osteonecrosis of the Humeral Head Following Arthroscopic Repair of Rotator Cuff Tears: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia., Aicha Karim Ben , Hassini Lassaad ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia., Mhiri Amir ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia., Hanafi Aymen ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia., Mtaoumi Mourad ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia., Bouattour Karim ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sahloul Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The osteonecrosis and the collapse of the humeral head may have many risk factors such as trauma, alcoholism, metabolic diseases, and corticosteroid therapy. Otherwise, it was described as a rare complication of shoulder arthroscopy in the past few years. Case Report: We report the case of a 65-year-old right-handed woman who had a rotator cuff tear of the right shoulder. She underwent a double-row arthroscopic repair. Six months later she had an intense shoulder pain, with radiological and MRI signs of humeral head osteonecrosis. The patient had a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Conclusion: The aim of this case report is to underline the diagnostic particularities of this complication, and to shed light on the pathogenesis of the interruption of blood supply in the humeral head following rotator cuff repair. We also discuss the management of this complication with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Keywords: Shoulder, rotator cuff, arthroscopy, humeral head, osteonecrosis.
Successful Outcome Following Limb Conservation Surgery for a Recurrent Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Port of Spain General Hospital, Port of Spain, Trinidad, West Indies,, Mencia Marlon M , Moonsie Reena ,   Department of Surgery, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad, West Indies.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and complete surgical excision are the fundamental principles of treatment. A benign presentation and low clinical suspicion often delay definitive diagnosis, and en bloc excision may not be feasible depending on the size and location of the tumor. We describe a rare case of a recurrent MPNST successfully treated by surgical excision. Case Report: A 35-year-old woman presented with a rapidly growing painful mass 3 months following incomplete removal of a MPNST from her forearm. Staging investigations showed no evidence of metastasis. The patient underwent en-bloc surgical excision, split skin grafting, and adjuvant radiation therapy. Histology and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a MPNST. Five years after having surgery, the patient shows no evidence of recurrence and has excellent function. Conclusion: MPNST are rare soft tissue sarcomas that can masquerade as benign lumps. There is a paucity of literature on the outcome of surgically-treated recurrent disease. Notwithstanding local recurrence of the tumor, complete surgical excision can yield excellent clinical results. Keywords: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, soft-tissue sarcoma, en bloc excision, recurrence, radiation therapy.
Low-Energy Trauma-Induced Bilateral Isolated Posteromedial Tibial Plateau Fracture in a Healthy Young Adult: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Anadolu Medical Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey,, Şanel Selim , Demiröz Serdar ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kocaeli University, Izmit, Turkey,, Coskun Tamer ,   Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Maltepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures account for average 1% of all fractures in adults. They mostly related to high-energy trauma in young adult and milder traumatic injuries in elderly due to osteoporosis. Case Report: In this case, we reported a 28-year-old male patient who admitted to the emergency room with painful and swollen bilateral knees who had fallen on his knees while playing leapfrog. When his friend jumped on his back, he fell on his knees with the forced flexion and valgus of the knee. Plain radiographs of the knees revealed bilateral posterior tibial plateau fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation were the choice of treatment. Full range of motion was allowed but not weight-bearing for 2 months. At 6 months of follow-up, the patient had full range of motion and weight-bearing with no complaint. Conclusion: We present bilateral posteromedial tibial plateau fracture in a healthy young adult which is not mentioned in the literature before and we want to emphasize that posteromedial approach in the supine position, even for both knees in the same operation session, is appropriate to reach the fracture and reduce it easily. Keywords: Plateau fracture, bilateral, posteromedial approach, isolated.
Rare Case of Dematiaceous Fungal Infection in the Olecranon Bursa of a 75-year-old Diabetic Male – A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, St Joseph Hospital, Kannur, Kerala, India,, Mohan Sandeep , Krishna Rahul ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Co-operative Hospital, Kannur, Kerala, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Dematiaceous fungi are a group of fungi characterized by the presence of melanin in their cell walls. These fungi are known to cause a wide range of infections in humans, including skin and soft-tissue infections, sinusitis, and meningitis. Infections caused by dematiaceous fungi are typically seen in immunocompromised hosts and manifest most commonly as cutaneous or subcutaneous disease. Systemic infections are exceedingly rare and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Case Report: Here is a case study of a 75-year-old diabetic male with a rare case of dematiaceous fungal infection in the olecranon bursa. The patient presented with a painless swelling of 3-year duration over the right elbow which started draining pus for 1 month. Surgical excision of the bursa was performed, and histopathological examination and culture confirmed the diagnosis of dematiaceous fungal infection. We discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and management of this rare fungal infection. Conclusion: Although dematiaceous fungal infections are a rare cause of olecranon bursitis, the clinician must send a fungal culture in every case for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Dematiaceous fungi, olecranon bursitis, Exophiala, diabetes, immune compromised.
Bendaiana in Dresden
Authors: Tanaka Nobuaki
Published: January 2024

In der Musikaliensammlung „Schrank No. II“, deren Bestand heute in der sächsischen Landes- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (D-Dl) hinterlegt wurde, sind insgesamt 32 Abschriften der zu F. Benda zugeschriebenen Kompositionen zu finden, die hauptsächlich von J. G. Pisendel gesammelt wurden. Zur Entstehung dieser zwischen ca. 1740 bis 1755 abgeschriebenen Quellen trug die freundliche Beziehung zwischen Benda und Pisendel, die sich schon um 1720 kennengelernt haben müssten, bestimmt bei. Spuren des häufigen Gebrauchs lassen sich in den Abschriften zwar nicht deutlich aufweisen, sie sollen jedoch gewiss zum praktischen Gebrauch abgeschrieben worden sein: Belege dafür sind einige Zusätze auf originale Kompositionen und die relativ zahlreich befindlichen Ausdrucks- und Vortragsbezeichnungen. Bei der Abschreibung musste Pisendel nicht nur vom aufführungsmäßigen Anspruch, sondern auch davon motiviert werden, am Stil jüngerer Generation zu gewöhnen.
Einblick von außen
Authors: Hein Susanne
Published: January 2024

Einblick
Moderní metody dokumentace a analýzy poškození vozidla
Authors: Bucsuhazy Katerina , Bilík Martin , Moravcová Pavlína , Belák Michal , Semela Marek , Mikulec Roman , Křižák Michal , Motl Jakub , Bradáč Albert , Malinková Tereza , Sedláčková Martina , Rak Martin , Kovařík Tomáš , Dlugoš Jozef , Zůvala Robert
Published: January 2024

Úvod

Hlavním cílem tohoto článku je představit odborné veřejnosti výstupy projektu „Moderní metody dokumentace a analýzy poškození vozidel“, řešeného Centrem dopravního výzkumu v.v.i. a Ústavem Soudního inženýrství VUT v Brně v rámci programu DOPRAVA 2020+, kterými jsou odborná monografie „ANALÝZA POŠKOZENÍ VOZIDEL: Průvodce metodami dokumentace a kvantifikace deformační energie“ a Specializovaná veřejná databáze – Katalog poškození vozidel.

Podklady a metody

V rámci řešení projektu byl realizován výzkum využitelnosti různých tradičních, ale i moderních metod dokumentace a následné analýzy poškození vozidel, které jsou důležitými podklady pro účely analýzy nehodového děje. Následně byla provedena validace použitelnosti vybraných metod dokumentace a analýzy poškození, v závislosti na rozsahu a charakteru poškození. Získaná data pak byla využita jako podklad pro vytvoření hlavních výstupů tohoto projektu.

Výsledky

Hlavní výstup projektu Specializovaná veřejná databáze: Katalog poškození obsahuje dvě základní části – katalog charakteristických poškození a EES katalog. Tento nástroj může sloužit jako kvalitní podklad pro nezanedbatelnou součást analýzy nehodového děje, kterou je validace vzájemné korespondence poškození vozidel po střetu. Databáze může být nedocenitelnou pomůckou při analýze nehodového děje zejména v případech, kdy jsou podklady z předmětné nehody nedostatečné (například manipulované škodní události) nebo se jedná o specifická poškození, k nimž zpravidla není v dostupných databázích nárazových testů mnoho dostupných údajů (například poškození vzniklá při nízkých rychlostech).
Vývoj cen nemovitostí v Divišově čtvrti a v Kamenné čtvrti v Brně
Authors: Pokorná Sofie
Published: January 2024

Článek se zaměřuje na ekonomické projevy gentrifikace a ověřuje hypotézu existence těchto projevů ve dvou brněnských lokalitách. Popisovaný výzkum se zabývá vývojem realizovaných cen rodinných domů v bývalé nouzové a dělnické kolonii. Tyto kolonie v městě Brně vznikaly ve 20. a 30. letech 20. století a některé se zachovaly dodnes.

Gentrifikace je proces socio-kulturně-ekonomické transformace deprivované lokality. Jde primárně o jev sociologický, kdy do čtvrti přijdou noví obyvatelé tzv. průkopníci a začnou lokalitu měnit z pohledu jak sociálního, tak kulturního. O takovéto lokalitě začne veřejnost smýšlet pozitivněji a začne ji navštěvovat. Díky této atraktivitě se do čtvrti stěhuje často nová střední třída, která má jiný způsob života a demografické chování než původní obyvatelé či průkopníci. Více poptávky po bydlení zvyšuje nájmy i tržní hodnotu nemovitostí, a tak se lokalita mění i z pohledu ekonomického.  Běžně je užíváno rozdělení gentrifikace do čtyřech stádií, které mají své charakterové rysy. Tyto rysy jsou v závěru práce využívány pro časové zařazení jedné z lokalit do procesu gentrifikace.

První výzkumnou lokalitou je Divišova čtvrť, což je bývalá dělnická kolonie v katastrálním území Lesná. Svažité pozemky na severním okraji Brna odkoupilo několik soukromníků z řad dělníků zaměstnaných v nedalekých strojírnách a vystavěli si zde domy. Od počátku vzniku kolonie měli vlastníci rodinných domů v soukromém užívání pozemky pod nimi. Druhou výzkumnou lokalitou je Kamenná čtvrť, která byla založena jihozápadně od centra Brna jako nouzová kolonie s vědomím vedení města. Pozemky vlastnilo město Brno a soukromníci, kteří však v kolonii nebydleli. Původní výstavba byla často jen v základním vzorci „kuchyně + pokoj“ a použitý materiál na výstavbu byly zmetky z nedalekých cihelen či zbytky z bouraček.

Data pro výzkum byla získána z kupních smluv z archivu Českého úřadu zeměměřického a katastrálního, které obsahovaly cenové údaje. Následně byla data zpracována do grafů popisující množství transakcí a do grafů popisujících vývoj zrealizovaných cen rodinných domů od roku 1970 do roku 2020.

Sledovány byly ekonomické projevy gentrifikace patrné na vývoji cen rodinných domů a počtu uskutečněných transakcí v průběhu let 1970–2020. Počet transakcí v obou lokalitách má od 90. let klesající tendenci a v Kamenné čtvrti tomuto poklesu předcházel prudký nárůst. Vývoj cen nemovitostí ukazuje jasný začátek tržního hospodářství s koncem komunistického režimu. V obou lokalitách se začátkem 21. století růst cen nemovitostí umírnil, má však kontinuálně stoupající charakter. Zmiňované výsledky poukazují na možnou existenci gentrifikace v Kamenné čtvrti. V Divišově čtvrti na základě vývoje cen nemovitostí se proces gentrifikace tímto výzkumem neprokázal.
January 2024 Critical Care Case of the Month: I See Tacoma
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ USA, Wesselius Lewis
Published: January 2024

No abstract available. Manuscript truncated after first 150 words. History of Present Illness An 80-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for exacerbation of COPD. He has a history of emphysema and has been on Breo Ellipta and Spiriva Respimat. He became increasingly short of breath although he had no productive cough. Past Medical History, Social History and Family History He has a past medical history of right upper lobe resection for an adenocarcinoma of the lung and a history of coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement done about 5 years ago. He smoked ½ pack/day of cigarettes but quit 5 years ago. Medications He takes Warfarin for a history of atrial fibrillation and prosthetic aortic valve replacement. Physical Examination Other than dyspnea with tachypnea and decreased air movement on auscultation, as well as the expected right thoracic scar, his physical examination is unremarkable. Laboratory His arterial blood gases showed a PaO2 of 58, a PaCO2 of …