bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deeply learning deep inelastic scattering kinematics
Authors: Diefenthaler Markus , Farhat Abdullah , Verbytskyi Andrii , Xu Yuesheng
Published: November 2022

We study the use of deep learning techniques to reconstruct the kinematics of the neutral current deep inelastic scattering (DIS) process in electron–proton collisions. In particular, we use simulated data from the ZEUS experiment at the HERA accelerator facility, and train deep neural networks to reconstruct the kinematic variables $$Q^2$$

Q
2

and x. Our approach is based on the information used in the classical construction methods, the measurements of the scattered lepton, and the hadronic final state in the detector, but is enhanced through correlations and patterns revealed with the simulated data sets. We show that, with the appropriate selection of a training set, the neural networks sufficiently surpass all classical reconstruction methods on most of the kinematic range considered. Rapid access to large samples of simulated data and the ability of neural networks to effectively extract information from large data sets, both suggest that deep learning techniques to reconstruct DIS kinematics can serve as a rigorous method to combine and outperform the classical reconstruction methods.
Superconformal invariants and spinning correlators in 3d $${{{\mathcal {N}}}}=2$$ SCFTs
Authors: Jain Aditya , Nizami Amin A.
Published: November 2022

We construct superconformal invariants in superspace which are used to build 3-point correlators of spinning operators in general $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

superconformal field theories in three dimensions. Our systematic analysis includes various relations between these invariants and provides a minimal set of parity-even and parity-odd invariants which is further used to construct general 3-point functions in any 3d $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

SCFT. For conserved (super)currents, we explicitly compute various 3-point functions using Wick contractions in the free field case, and express them in terms of the constructed parity-even invariants. We give evidence through examples for the claim that the 3-point function of conserved currents generally comprises of two parts – a parity-even piece coming from the free theory, and a parity-odd piece.
Structure and production mechanism of the enigmatic X(3872) in high-energy hadronic reactions
Authors: Cisek Anna , Schäfer Wolfgang , Szczurek Antoni
Published: November 2022

We calculate the total cross section and transverse momentum distributions for the production of the enigmatic $$\chi _{c1}(3872)$$

χ

c
1

(
3872
)

(or X(3872)) assuming different scenarios: $$c \bar{c}$$

c

c

¯

state and $$D^{0*} {\bar{D}}^0 + D^0 {\bar{D}}^{0*}$$

D

0

∗

D

¯

0

+

D
0

D

¯

0

∗

molecule. The derivative of the $$c \bar{c}$$

c

c

¯

wave function needed in the first scenario is taken from a potential model calculations. Compared to earlier calculations of molecular state we include not only single parton scattering (SPS) but also double parton scattering (DPS) contributions. The latter one seems to give smaller contribution than the SPS one. The upper limit for the DPS production of $$\chi _{c1}(3872)$$

χ

c
1

(
3872
)

is much below the CMS data. We compare results of our calculations with existing experimental data of CMS, ATLAS and LHCb collaborations. Reasonable cross sections can be obtained in either $$c \bar{c}$$

c

c

¯

or molecular $$D {\bar{D}}^*$$

D

D

¯

∗

scenarios for X(3872), provided one takes into account both directly produced $$D^0, \bar{D}^0$$

D
0

,

D

¯

0

, as well as $$D^0, \bar{D}^0$$

D
0

,

D

¯

0

from the decay of $$D^*$$

D
∗

. However arguments related to the lifetime of $$D^*$$

D
∗

suggest that the latter component is not active.
New computational optical solitons for generalized complex Ginzburg–Landau equation by collective variables
Authors: Raza Nauman , Jannat Nahal , Gómez-Aguilar J. F. , Pérez-Careta Eduardo
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the paper is to implement the collective variable method to investigate the generalized complex Ginzburg–Landau equation, which characterizes the kinetics of solitons in respect of pulse parameters for fiber optics. The statistical simulations of the interacting system of ordinary differential equations that reflect all the collective variables included in the pulse ansatz have been successfully carried out using a well-known numerical methodology, the fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique. The collective variable method is employed to plot the pulse variation characteristics as a function of propagation distance. The amplitude, temporal position, width, chirp, frequency, and phase of the pulse are all depicted against the propagated coordinate, where the width, phase of soliton, amplitude, and chirp all show a strong periodicity. The numerical dynamics of solitons have also been exhibited against varying values of pulse parameters to highlight differences in collective variables. Other key bits of the current investigation are also determined.
On the ℤ2 topological invariant
Authors: Drissi L. B. , Saidi E. H.
Published: November 2022

We develop a complex fermionic field-based method to model the properties of the filled bands of topological two-dimensional (2D) matter with time reversal (TR)-symmetry. Using this fermionic representation, we give an explicit calculation of the [Formula: see text] index for 2D topological matter invariant under TR and comment on the emergence of Majorana states at the TR-fix points. Moreover, motivated by recent theoretical results on possible signatures of topological supersymmetric matter, we also give the supersymmetric generalization of our TR-invariant construction and calculate the underlying topological [Formula: see text] index. Other features such as the topological obstruction of basis sections in the fermionic determinant bundle are also investigated. Applications for the calculations of the supersymmetric charge [Formula: see text] operator and the super-Hamiltonian [Formula: see text] for the three-dimensional topological class AII are undertaken; these operators are given by Eqs. (5.48)–(5.51).
The Generalized 4‐Connectivity of Cube‐Connected‐Cycle and Hierarchical Hypercube
Authors: Zou Jinyu , Li He , Ren Haizhen
Published: November 2022

The connectivity is an important measurement for the fault tolerance of a network. Let G = (V(G), E(G)) be a connected graph with the vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). An S‐tree of graph G is a tree T that contains all the vertices in S subject to S⊆V(G). Two S‐trees T and T′ are internally disjoint if and only if E(T)∩E(T′) = ∅ and V(T)∩V(T′) = S. Denote κG(S) by the maximum number of internally disjoint S‐trees in graph G. The generalized k‐connectivity is a natural generalization of the classical connectivity, which is defined as κr(G) = min{κG(S)|S⊆V(G)and|S| = r}. In this paper, we mainly focus on the generalized connectivity of cube‐connected‐cycle CCCn and hierarchical hypercube HHCn, which were introduced for massively parallel systems. We show that for n = 2m + 2(m ≥ 1), κ4(HHCn) = m and κ4(CCCn) = 2, that is, for any four vertices in CCCn (or HHCn), there exist 2 (or m) internally disjoint S‐trees connecting them in CCCn (or HHCn).
Strong Emergence Arising from Weak Emergence
Authors: Schmickl Thomas
Published: November 2022

Predictions of emergent phenomena, appearing on the macroscopic layer of a complex system, can fail if they are made by a microscopic model. This study demonstrates and analyses this claim on a well‐known complex system, Conway’s Game of Life. Straightforward macroscopic mean‐field models are easily capable of predicting such emergent properties after they have been fitted to simulation data in an after‐the‐fact way. Thus, these predictions are macro‐to‐macro only. However, a micro‐to‐macro model significantly fails to predict correctly, as does the obvious mesoscopic modeling approach. This suggests that some macroscopic system properties in a complex dynamic system should be interpreted as examples of phenomena (properties) arising from “strong emergence,” due to the lack of ability to build a consistent micro‐to‐macro model, that could explain these phenomena in a before‐the‐fact way. The root cause for this inability to predict this in a micro‐to‐macro way is identified as the pattern formation process, a phenomenon that is usually classified as being of “weak emergence.” Ultimately, this suggests that it may be in principle impossible to discriminate between such distinct categories of “weak” and “strong” emergence, as phenomena of both types can be part of the very same feedback loop that mainly governs the system’s dynamics.
“Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy” (MERIT) for the Occupational Therapy Practitioner
Authors: Wasmuth Sally , Horsford Caitlin , Mahaffey Lisa , Lysaker Paul H.
Published: November 2022

Background. Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT) is a manualized, evidence-based approach that supports occupational participation through its focus on the inter-related constructs of meaning making, positionality, and self-definition (Lysaker et al., 2020). MERIT's core tenets parallel the fundamentals of occupational therapy, making it an ideal guiding methodology for mental health occupational therapy practice. Purpose. We outline key constructs of MERIT and detail how occupational therapy practitioners can apply MERIT to support occupational engagement. Key Issues. Few manualized, evidence-based interventions exist to guide occupational therapy mental health practice (Kirsch et al., 2019). Detailing MERIT and its application in occupational therapy is an important first step in future studies of its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness in this context. Implications. MERIT provides a clear methodology for delivering mental health occupational therapy services that is amenable to large-scale hybrid implementation and effectiveness studies, thereby supporting practice and rigour in research.
Biomechanical comparison of proximal, distal, and anatomic tibial tunnel for transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Teng Yuanjun , Jia Gengxin , Lu Fan , Da Lijun , Teng Fei , Zhao Lianggong , Geng Bin , Yun Xiangdong , Han Hua , Xia Yayi
Published: November 2022

No consensus has been reached on the optimal position of PCL tibial tunnel. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of proximal, distal and anatomic tibial tunnel in transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. An in-vitro model of transtibial posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was simulated using porcine tibias and bovine extensor tendons. Two models of biomechanical testing, load-to-failure loading, and cyclic loading, were performed in this study. The load-to-failure loading found that distal tibial tunnel resulted in greater ultimate load and yield load than the anatomic and proximal tunnel group ( p < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences in mean tensile stiffness among three groups ( p > 0.05). The cyclic loading found no differences in the graft displacement at 250, 500, and 1000 cycles among three groups ( p > 0.05). It was found that distal tibial tunnel showed superior ultimate load and yield load in load-to-failure loading testing compared with proximal and anatomic tibial tunnels, whereas no significant difference was found in terms of the mean displacement of the survived grafts in cyclic loading testing among three groups.
Mycotoxins in khadi, A Traditional Non-Cereal Based Alcoholic Beverage of Botswana
Authors: Motlhanka Koketso , Zhou Nerve , Kamakama Malaki , Masilo Monkgogi , Lebani Kebaneilwe
Published: November 2022

Mycotoxin contamination is a major food safety drawback towards the commercialization of food products. The commercialization of khadi, a popular fermented alcoholic beverage of Botswana necessitates the investigation of the presence of mycotoxins. Khadi brewing involves the uncontrolled and unstandardized spontaneous fermentation of sun-dried Grewia flava fruits, which could be a source of mycotoxin-producing filamentous fungi (molds). This study sought to investigate the presence of mycotoxins producing fungi and mycotoxins in 18 samples of khadi collected in Central and Northern Botswana. Periconia thailandica, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus ochraceus, Phoma eupyrena, Setosphaeria turcica, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Chaetomium longiciliata, and Flavodon ambrosius were identified in 10 out of 18 khadi samples. Mycotoxins were detected using the Myco-10 Randox Evidence Investigator biochip kit and confirmed using a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Mycotoxins such as paxilline, ochratoxin A, ergot alkaloids, aflatoxin G1/G2, and zearalenone were detected using the Myco-10 Randox Evidence Investigator biochip kit. The Myco-10 results revealed that the mycotoxins in the khadi samples were lower than the regulatory limits set by FDA or European Commission. Confirmation of results using an UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system involved confirming selected mycotoxins (AFB1, DON. ZEA, FB1, FB2, FB3, NIV, and OTA) from selected khadi samples (Palapye 1, Palapye 2, Letlhakane 2, Maun 3, Mmashoro 3, and Tonota 3). The UPLC results demonstrated that the aforementioned mycotoxins in the selected khadi samples were below the detection thresholds. The study shows that while fungal isolates were present, there is no to minimal danger/risk of exposure to toxic mycotoxins after consumption of khadi. Towards commercialization endeavors, the production process would necessitate minimal mycotoxin monitoring and product preservation but no detoxifying steps.
Applied artificial intelligence in healthcare: Listening to the winds of change in a post-COVID-19 world
Authors: Shaban-Nejad Arash , Michalowski Martin , Bianco Simone , Brownstein John S. , Buckeridge David L , Davis Robert L
Published: November 2022

This editorial article aims to highlight advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in five areas: Collaborative AI, Multimodal AI, Human-Centered AI, Equitable AI, and Ethical and Value-based AI in order to cope with future complex socioeconomic and public health issues.
Brain–Computer Interface-Controlled Exoskeletons in Clinical Neurorehabilitation: Ready or Not?
Authors: Colucci Annalisa , Vermehren Mareike , Cavallo Alessia , Angerhöfer Cornelius , Peekhaus Niels , Zollo Loredana , Kim Won-Seok , Paik Nam-Jong , Soekadar Surjo R.
Published: November 2022

The development of brain–computer interface-controlled exoskeletons promises new treatment strategies for neurorehabilitation after stroke or spinal cord injury. By converting brain/neural activity into control signals of wearable actuators, brain/neural exoskeletons (B/NEs) enable the execution of movements despite impaired motor function. Beyond the use as assistive devices, it was shown that—upon repeated use over several weeks—B/NEs can trigger motor recovery, even in chronic paralysis. Recent development of lightweight robotic actuators, comfortable and portable real-world brain recordings, as well as reliable brain/neural control strategies have paved the way for B/NEs to enter clinical care. Although B/NEs are now technically ready for broader clinical use, their promotion will critically depend on early adopters, for example, research-oriented physiotherapists or clinicians who are open for innovation. Data collected by early adopters will further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of B/NE-triggered motor recovery and play a key role in increasing efficacy of personalized treatment strategies. Moreover, early adopters will provide indispensable feedback to the manufacturers necessary to further improve robustness, applicability, and adoption of B/NEs into existing therapy plans.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nickel-Aluminum Bronze Coating on 17-4PH Stainless Steel by Laser Cladding
Authors: Zhao Lu , Du Baorui , Yao Jun , Chen Haitao , Ding Ruochen , Li Kailun
Published: November 2022

Bimetallic copper-steel composite could be an effective structural material to improve the performance of traditional nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) ship propeller due to its high structural strength and corrosion resistance. In this work, the defect-free NAB coatings has been successfully fabricated by laser direct depositing technique on the 17-4PH stainless steel substrate. The phase constitution, microstructure characteristics and hardness properties were investigated in details. The XRD results showed that the coatings mainly consisted of α-Cu, Fe and intermetallic κ phases despite the diffraction peaks shifted more than 0.5°, which may due to the influence of the Ni, Fe and Al atoms dissolved into Cu-matrix. The microstructures of the coatings were affected significantly by laser energy density according to SEM and EDS results. The top region of the coating was more undercooled during solidification, therefore the grains at this region was much finer than that at the bottom region. The higher energy input would lead to coarser grains. Fe-rich dendrites and spherical particles were found in the Cu matrix, which could be a result of liquid separation. The hardness of the coating is in the range of 204 HV0.2–266 HV0.2 which is higher than traditional as- cast NAB. The uneven distribution of Fe-rich phases as well as the hard κ phases could be the main reasons for the fluctuations of the hardness value. Tensile fracture occurred at bronze side, not at transition zone, which shows there is a good interfacial bonding between the two metals produced by laser cladding.
Exogenous melatonin enhances the growth and production of bioactive metabolites in Lemna aequinoctialis culture by modulating metabolic and lipidomic profiles
Authors: Baek GahYoung , Lee Hwanhui , Ko JuHee , Choi Hyung-Kyoon
Published: November 2022

Background

Lemna species are cosmopolitan floating plants that have great application potential in the food/feed, pharmaceutical, phytoremediation, biofuel, and bioplastic industries. In this study, the effects of exogenous melatonin (0.1, 1, and 10 µM) on the growth and production of various bioactive metabolites and intact lipid species were investigated in Lemna aequinoctialis culture.

Results

Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the growth (total dry weight) of the Lemna aequinoctialis culture. Melatonin treatment also increased cellular production of metabolites including β-alanine, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, chlorophyll, glutamic acid, phytosterols, serotonin, and sucrose, and intact lipid species; digalactosyldiacylglycerols, monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, phosphatidylinositols, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols. Among those metabolites, the productivity of campesterol (1.79 mg/L) and stigmasterol (10.94 mg/L) were the highest at day 28, when 10 µM melatonin was treated at day 7.

Conclusion

These results suggest that melatonin treatment could be employed for enhanced production of biomass or various bioactive metabolites and intact lipid species in large-scale L. aequinoctialis cultivation as a resource for food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries.
Thyroid hormone, cortisol, interleukin-2, and procalcitonin regulate postoperative delirium in acute type A aortic dissection patients
Authors: Zheng Guo-Zhong , Chen Xing-Feng , Chen Liang-Wan , Luo Zeng-Rong
Published: November 2022

Background

We assessed the relationships between levels of preoperative thyroid hormone (TH), cortisol, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and procalcitonin (PCT) and postoperative delirium (POD) in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) patients receiving modified triple-branched stent-graft (MTBSG) implant surgeries.

Methods

ATAAD patients received MTBSG implant surgeries in our hospital between February 2019 and December 2020 were recruited. We separated them into a POD and non-POD cohort and employed univariable and multivariable regression analysis to establish independent correlations between preoperative THs, cortisol, IL-2, and PCT and POD. In addition, we conducted stratification analyses to examine the link between pre-surgical THs and POD in normal TSH and lower TSH subgroups.

Results

POD occurred in 78 of 224 patients (34.8%). POD patients exhibited markedly reduced preoperative free triiodothyronine (FT3) (P = 0.008) and free thyroxine (FT4) (P = 0.023) levels, while remarkably enhanced preoperative cortisol (P < 0.001), IL-2 (P < 0.001), and PCT (P < 0.001) levels. Based on multivariate regression analysis, reduced preoperative FT3 (P = 0.032), as well as augmented preoperative IL-2 (P = 0.001), cortisol (P < 0.001), and PCT (P = 0.016) were strong stand-alone risk factors for POD. Moreover, subgroup analysis found the association between FT3 (P = 0.029), FT4 (P = 0.042) and POD was both significant in patients with normal TSH levels.

Conclusions

Reduced preoperative FT3 and elevated preoperative cortisol, IL-2, and PCT were strong indicators of POD in ATAAD patients. Hence, we recommend that the thyroid function, cortisol, PCT, and IL-2 should be evaluated prior to surgery in ATAAD patients.
Association between service scope of primary care facilities and prevalence of high-cost population: a retrospective study in rural Guizhou, China
Authors: Li Zhong , Li Yixun , Ding Ziqin , Tao Yunxi , Zhang Liang , He Ruibo
Published: November 2022

Background

High-cost (HC) patients, defined as the small percentage of the population that accounts for a high proportion of health care expenditures, are a concern worldwide. Previous studies have found that the occurrence of HC population is partially preventable by providing a greater scope of primary health care services. However, no study has examined the association between the service scope of primary care facilities and the prevalence of HC populations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the service scope of primary care facilities (PCFs) and the prevalence of HC populations within the same communities.

Methods

A multistage, stratified, clustered sampling method was used to identify the service scope of PCFs as of 2017 in rural Guizhou, China. The claims data of 299,633 patients were obtained from the local information system of the New Rural Cooperation Medical Scheme. Patients were sorted by per capita inpatient medical expenditures in descending order, and the top 1%, top 5% and top 10% of patients who had incurred the highest costs were defined as the HC population. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the service scope of PCFs and the prevalence of the HC population.

Results

Compared with those in the 95% of the sample deemed as the general population, those in the top 5% of the sample deemed as the HC population were more likely to be over the age of 30 (P <  0.001), to be female (P = 0.014) and to be referred to high-level hospitals (P <  0.001). After controlling for other covariates, patients who lived in the communities serviced by the PCFs with the smallest service scope were more likely to be in the top 1%, top 5% and top 10% of the HC population.

Conclusion

A greater PCF service scope was associated with a reduction in the prevalence of the HC population, which would mean that providing a broader PCF service scope could reduce some preventable costs, thus reducing the prevalence of the HC population. Future policy efforts should focus on expanding the service scope of primary care providers to achieve better patient outcomes.
Effect of a multimodal non-pharmacological intervention on older people with dementia: a single-case experimental design study
Authors: Yorozuya Kyosuke , Tsubouchi Yoshihito , Kubo Yuta , Asaoka Yoshihiro , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Fujita Takashi , Hanaoka Hideaki
Published: November 2022

Background

Older people with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes (NHs) tend to have decreased cognitive function, which may cause behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs) and hinder activities of daily living (ADLs). Therefore, taking measures against the cognitive decline of PWD in NH and, in turn, the decline of BPSDs and ADLs is crucial. The purpose of this study was to test whether a multimodal non-pharmacological intervention (MNPI) is effective in maintaining and improving global cognitive function, BPSDs, and ADLs in PWD in NHs.

Methods

An intervention study using a single-case AB design was conducted in three subjects in NHs. During the non-intervention phase, participants underwent follow-up assessments, and during the intervention phase, they participated in an MNPI. The ABC Dementia Scale (which concurrently assesses ADLs [“A”], BPSDs [“B”], and cognitive function [“C”]) was used for the assessment.

Results

One of the three patients showed improvement in dementia severity, global cognitive function, ADLs, and BPSDs. However, the other two participants showed no improvement following the MNPI, although the possibility of a maintenance effect remained.

Conclusion

Although there is room for improvement of the MNPI, it may be effective in maintaining and improving cognitive function, ADLs, and BPSD, in PWD in NHs.

Trial registration

The University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.umin.ac.jp/, No. UMIN000045858, registration date: November 1, 2021).
Barefoot walking is more stable in the gait of balance recovery in older adults
Authors: Ren Xiping , Kebbach Maeruan , Bruhn Sven , Yang Qining , Lin Huijie , Bader Rainer , Tischer Thomas , Lutter Christoph
Published: November 2022

Background

Perturbation-based balance training on a treadmill is an emerging method of gait stability training with a characteristic task nature that has had positive and sustained effects on balance recovery strategies and fall reduction. Little is known about the effects produced by shod and barefoot walking. We aimed to investigate which is more appropriate, shod or barefoot walking, for perturbation-based balance training in older adults.

Methods

Fourteen healthy older adults (age: 68.29 ± 3.41 years; body height: 1.76 ± 0.10 m; body mass: 81.14 ± 14.52 kg) performed normal and trip-like perturbed walking trials, shod and barefoot, on a treadmill of the Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab. The marker trajectories data were processed by Human Body Model software embedded in the Gait Offline Analysis Tool. The outcomes of stride length variability, stride time variability, step width variability, and swing time variability were computed and statistically analyzed by a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on gait pattern (normal gait versus perturbed recovery gait) and footwear condition (shod versus barefoot).

Results

Footwear condition effect (p = 0.0310) and gait pattern by footwear condition interaction effect (p = 0.0055) were only observed in swing time variability. Gait pattern effects were detected in all four outcomes of gait variability.

Conclusions

Swing time variability, independent of gait speed, could be a valid indicator to differentiate between footwear conditions. The lower swing time variability in perturbed recovery gait suggests that barefoot walking may be superior to shod walking for perturbation-based balance training in older adults.
Monitoring the progress towards the elimination of hepatitis B and C in Sweden: estimation of core indicators for 2015 and 2018
Authors: Colombe Soledad , Axelsson Maria , Aleman Soo , Duberg Ann-Sofi , Lundberg Ederth Josefine , Dahl Viktor
Published: November 2022

Introduction

To monitor Sweden’s progress towards the WHO goal of eliminating viral hepatitis, we estimated the prevalence, notification rate, and liver-related morbidity and mortality for diagnosed hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in 2015 and 2018.

Methods

We identified cases of hepatitis B and C within the National System for Notifiable Diseases and obtained data on treatment and whether the case was deceased or not. We calculated prevalence, notification rates per 100,000, and proportion of newly diagnosed cases of hepatitis with liver disease at the time of diagnosis, and proportion of all deceased cases who died from liver disease. We calculated Poisson 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around the notification rates and Wilson 95% CIs around prevalence and mortality estimates.

Results

In 2015 and 2018, the prevalence of diagnosed HBV infections was 0.20% [95% CI: 0.19–0.20] and 0.21% [0.20–0.21]. Notification rates per 100,000 for HBV infections were 13.02 [12.32–13.76] and 7.71 [7.18–8.27]. HBV liver-related morbidity was 2.65% [1.90–3.68] and 2.16% [1.35–3.43]. HBV liver-related mortality was 20.00% [14.81–26.44] and 17.95% [13.20–23.94]. In 2015 and 2018, the prevalence of diagnosed HCV-infections was 0.24% [0.24–0.25] and 0.18% [0.18–0.19]. Notification rates per 100,000 for HCV infections were 15.92 [15.14–16.73] and 13.05 [12.36–13.77]. HCV liver–related morbidity was 8.14% [6.89–9.60] and 3.90% [2.99–5.08]. HCV liver–related mortality was 27.08% [24.54–29.77] and 26.90% [24.12–29.88].

Conclusions

All indicators decreased or remained stable between 2015 and 2018, indicating progress in the elimination of viral hepatitis, especially for HCV infection.
Vertical head rotation as major source of differences between time-separated digital cephalometric radiographs of patients acquired in one cephalostat X-ray device
Authors: Schulze Ralf K. W. , Linnerth Lea K. M.
Published: November 2022

Background

The purpose of the retrospective study was to analyze the reliability and repeatability of specific landmark-positions used in cephalometry to determine the major sources of absolute landmark position differences for repeated, time-separated (time-point I and II) digital cephalometric radiographs (CEPH) of the same patients.

Methods

100 pairs of CPEHs from the database of a sample of adult patients (18 to 28 years) were analyzed by one calibrated observer and three landmark points (Sella: S, Nasion: N, Subspinale: A) were digitally marked using ImageJ-software. The coordinates of these points entered the evaluation using displacement vectors as primary endpoints between the coordinates of the landmarks in the two images as well as SNA-angles and the angle ω of SN relative to the floor.

Results

Displacement vectors between CEPHI and CEPHII were rather large (N: 7.95 ± 4.85 mm, S: 5.34 ± 3.50 mm, A: 4.81 ± 3.95 mm. SNA was rather stable between the two sequential radiographs (mean difference: 0.002° ± 1.85°). and did not correlate with age of the patient (SNAI: spearman-Rho: 0.0239, p = 0.8134; SNAII : spearman-Rho: 0.0244, p = 0.8096). Although the vertical angle ω did not differ between CEPHI and CEPHII (mean difference: 0.4° ± 4.7°, pwilcoxon = 0.8155), it showed a quadratic relationship (pF−statistic: < 2.2e−16) with the length of the displacement vector N.

Conclusion

The significantly varying location of the reference points S, N and A between time-separated CEPHs of one patient can largely be explained by different angulation (head rotation within the sagittal plane) of the Frankfurt plane to the floor (horizontal plane).
Diversities in the place of delivery choice: a study among expectant mothers in Ghana
Authors: Baba Mahama Ibrahim , Kyei Kofi Adesi , Kyei Justina Baaba , Daniels Joseph , Biney Isaac Justice Kobina , Oswald John , Tschida Patrick , Brunet Michael
Published: November 2022

Background

In this study, the factors that influence the choice of place of delivery among expectant mothers in both rural and urban settings in the northern part of Ghana were identified and compared using the conceptual framework provided by Thaddeus and Maine.

Methods

A mixed-method study was used to examine expectant mothers and their responses related to factors that affect their choice of place of delivery through a concurrent triangulation using health professional interviews and a detailed participant survey. The sample consisted of 552 expectant mothers between the ages of 15 and 49 years. Individual interviews were conducted with 8 health professionals. There was also a focus group discussion with randomly selected pregnant women and lactating mothers. Themes were generated through open coding of the interview data, while multiple regression was performed to identify the factors associated with choice of place of delivery.

Results

Major preference (60.1%) was for home delivery among rural dwellers compared to 20.7% for urban participants. Statistically significant variables affecting the choice of place of delivery among study participants were found to be educational background, the experience of previous deliveries, the attitude of hospital staff toward pregnant women during labor, and frequency of accessing antenatal care.

Conclusion

Majority of rural women prefer home delivery to facility delivery which is the opposite of the trend observed among urban women. The study’s implications may lead to positive change where stakeholders develop and implement policies to promote health facility delivery for expectant mothers in Ghana.
Diagnostic value of circN4BP2L2 in type I and type II epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Ning Li , Lang Jinghe , Long Bo , Wu Lingying
Published: November 2022

Background

CircN4BP2L2 was previously identified to be significantly decreased in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and was associated with disease progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of plasma circN4BP2L2 using the unifying model of type I and type II EOC.

Methods

A total of 540 plasma samples were obtained from 180 EOC patients, 180 benign ovarian cyst patients, and 180 healthy volunteers. CircN4BP2L2 was assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Receiver operating curve (ROC), the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were estimated.

Results

Low level of circN4BP2L2 was associated with advanced tumor stage (p < 0.01) in type I EOC. Decreased circN4BP2L2 was associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (p = 0.04) in type II EOC. The expression level of circN4BP2L2 in type I was similar to that in type II. CircN4BP2L2 could significantly separate type I or type II from benign or normal cohort (p < 0.01). Early-stage type I or type II EOC vs. benign or normal cohort could also be distinguished by circN4BP2L2 (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

CircN4BP2L2 might serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for both type I and type II EOC. The diagnostic safety for circN4BP2L2 in early-stage type I or type II EOC is also acceptable. Further large-scale well-designed studies are warranted to investigate whether circN4BP2L2 is specific for all histologic subgroups.
Effect of peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy on macular morphology and optic nerve fiber layer thickness; a prospective case series
Authors: Johari Mohammadkarim , Khani Salman , Amini Abdulrahim , Bolkheir Alireza
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The goal of the research was to determine the incidence of microstructural alterations in the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) occurred in eyes treated with peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy.

Methods

Patients with retinal breaks, retinal holes, retinal dialysis, and lattice degenerations who required peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy were recruited in this prospective case series investigation. We performed preoperative and postoperative evaluations, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, funduscopic examination, and macular and ONH optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results

Thirty-three eyes of the twenty-three patients enrolled in this study, 14 of which were female. The mean age of the sample was 45.12 ± 9.12 years. The mean refractive error was − 2.45 ± 1.12 Diopters (D). The most prevalent reason for peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy was retinal thinning with symptomatic lattice degeneration (90%), followed by retinal hole and break (7%) and retinal dialysis (3%). Between preoperative and postoperative (6-month) evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA (P = 0.82), IOP (P = 0.54), central foveal thickness in macular OCT (P = 0.39), or global retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P = 0.51). There was no association between changes in central foveal thickness and global RNFL thickness and total laser spot numbers (r = − 0.17 P = 0.21, r = 0.06 P = 0.60, respectively). None of patients developed cystoid macular edema (CME) or macular epiretinal membrane (ERM) .

Conclusion

We found that OCT parameters were not significantly affected by laser retinopexy in patients with high-risk peripheral retinal lesions, also none of our patients had developed ERM, vitromacular traction or CME at 6 months follow up periods.
Monitoring European data with prospective space–time scan statistics: predicting and evaluating emerging clusters of COVID-19 in European countries
Authors: Xue Mingjin , Huang Zhaowei , Hu Yudi , Du Jinlin , Gao Miao , Pan Ronglin , Mo Yuqian , Zhong Jinlin , Huang Zhigang
Published: November 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic infectious disease and become a serious public health crisis. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, it is of vital importance to detect COVID-19 clusters to better distribute resources and optimizing measures. This study helps the surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic and discovers major space–time clusters of reported cases in European countries. Prospective space–time scan statistics are particularly valuable because it has detected active and emerging COVID-19 clusters. It can prompt public health decision makers when and where to improve targeted interventions, testing locations, and necessary isolation measures, and the allocation of medical resources to reduce further spread.

Methods

Using the daily case data of various countries provided by the European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we used SaTScan™ 9.6 to conduct a prospective space–time scan statistics analysis. We detected statistically significant space–time clusters of COVID-19 at the European country level between March 1st to October 2nd, 2020 and March 1st to October 2nd, 2021. Using ArcGIS to draw the spatial distribution map of COVID-19 in Europe, showing the emerging clusters that appeared at the end of our study period detected by Poisson prospective space–time scan statistics.

Results

The results show that among the 49 countries studied, the regions with the largest number of reported cases of COVID-19 are Western Europe, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. Among the 49 countries studied, the country with the largest cumulative number of reported cases is the United Kingdom, followed by Russia, Turkey, France, and Spain. The country (or region) with the lowest cumulative number of reported cases is the Faroe Islands. We discovered 9 emerging clusters, including 21 risky countries.

Conclusion

This result can provide timely information to national public health decision makers. For example, a country needs to improve the allocation of medical resources and epidemic detection points, or a country needs to strengthen entry and exit testing, or a country needs to strengthen the implementation of protective isolation measures. As the data is updated daily, new data can be re-analyzed to achieve real-time monitoring of COVID-19 in Europe. This study uses Poisson prospective space–time scan statistics to monitor COVID-19 in Europe.
Incorporating movement breaks into primary school classrooms; a mixed methods approach to explore the perceptions of pupils, staff and governors
Authors: Chorlton Rebecca A. , Williams Craig A. , Denford Sarah , Bond Bert
Published: November 2022

Background

Public health guidelines for children advocate physical activity (PA) and the restriction of continuous sedentary time. Schools offer an attractive setting for health promotion, however school-based interventions to increase PA typically fail, and primary school children may spend most of the school day sitting down. Classroom movement breaks have been identified as an attractive opportunity to address this concern and may positively influence behaviour, but little is known about the barriers to implementing movement within lessons from a multi stakeholder perspective. The purpose of this study was to explore (1) the perceptions of primary school pupils, staff members and governors regarding classroom movement breaks, and (2) their perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing PA into the classroom.

Methods

Thirty-four pupils (Key Stages 1 and 2, ages 5–7 y) took part in a focus group discussion. Sixty-four staff members and twenty governors completed a questionnaire and an optional follow up semi-structured telephone interview. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Pupils, staff members and governors expressed an enthusiasm for movement breaks provided that they were short, simple, pupil-guided and performed at the discretion of the teacher. Time and concerns regarding transitioning back to work following a movement break were identified as key barriers by pupils and staff. Governors and some staff expressed that favourable evidence for movement breaks is needed to facilitate their adoption, particularly regarding the potential for improvements in cognitive functioning or classroom behaviour.

Conclusion

There is a wide appeal for classroom-based activity breaks, when delivered in a manner that is not disruptive. Future research which examines the potential benefits of such activity breaks is warranted.
The SLC6A19 gene mutation in a young man with hyperglycinuria and nephrolithiasis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Pan Yang , Wang Shangren , Liu Li , Liu Xiaoqiang
Published: November 2022

Background

Hyperglycinuria is a rare disorder, with few reported cases, caused by either a defect in glycine metabolism or a disturbance in renal glycine reabsorption. Genetic findings of hyperglycinuria are rare and have not previously been reported in Chinese young men.

Case presentation

A 24-year-old man presented with a compliant of bilateral lumbago for 1 month. Abdominal computed tomography revealed bilateral kidney stones and right upper ureteral dilatation. The 24-h urine analysis showed high urine oxalate levels of 63 mg/day. Analysis of amino acids in urine revealed that his urinary glycine levels were abnormally high (2.38 µmol/mg creatinine). Whole-exome sequencing detected the SLC6A19 variant c.1278 C > T p. (Cys426). Flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy was conducted twice to remove his bilateral nephrolithiasis. Postoperative stone biochemical composition analysis revealed that the stones were composed of approximately 70% calcium oxalate monohydrate and 30% calcium oxalate dihydrate. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with hyperglycinuria. Three months after the stone surgery, ultrasonography revealed one nodule under the right thyroid lobe during a health checkup. His serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels increased to 392.3 pg/mL. Resection of the right parathyroid nodule was performed, and the histopathological examination confirmed right parathyroid adenoma. During the 2-year follow-up period, nephrolithiasis did not relapse, and serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels were normal.

Conclusion

The SLC6A19 gene may have been significant in the development of hyperglycinuria in a Chinese young man. Further evaluation for the possibility of a glycine excretion disorder could be considered when encountering nephrolithiasis.
Effect of diode low level laser and red light emitting diode irradiation on cell proliferation and osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla
Authors: Rahmati Afsaneh , Abbasi Roshanak , Najafi Rezvan , Rezaei-soufi Loghman , Karkehabadi Hamed
Published: November 2022

Background

This experimental study aimed to assess the effect of irradiation of red light-emitting diode (LED) and Diode low-level laser (LLL) on osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs).

Materials and methods

SCAPs were isolated from the human tooth root. The experimental groups were subjected to 4 J/cm2 diode low level laser and red LED irradiation in osteogenic medium. The control group did not receive any irradiation. Cell viability/proliferation of SCAPs was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay on days 1 and 2 (n = 9). Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by alizarin red staining (ARS) (n = 3), and expression of osteogenic genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (n = 12) on days 1 and 2. SPSS version 18 was used for data evaluation. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the groups at each time point.

Results

The MTT assay showed no significant difference in cell viability/proliferation of SCAPs in the low level laser, red LED, and control groups at 24 or 48 h (P < 0.001). The ARS assessment showed that low level laser and red LED irradiation enhanced osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. low level laser and red LED irradiation both induced over-expression of osteogenic/dentinogenic genes including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in SCAPs. Up-regulation of genes was significantly greater in low level laser irradiation group than red LED group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Diode low level laser irradiation with 4 J/cm2 energy density and red LED irradiation enhanced osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs without adversely affecting cell viability.
Level of women-friendly care provision among mothers in immediate post-partum period at public hospitals of Southeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kene Chala , Tekalegn Yohannes , Dibaba Diriba , Abdella Mujib , Fikadu Genet , Atlaw Daniel , Gomora Degefa , Geta Girma , Seyoum Kenbon , Hailu Sintayehu , Ejigu Neway , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Tasew Alelign
Published: November 2022

Background

The women-friendly care approach focuses on women’s rights to have access to quality care for themselves as individuals, as mothers, and for their infants. However, access to quality health services is not guaranteed for many women, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of women-friendly care provision and associated factors among mothers in the immediate post-partum period at public hospitals of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia 2021.

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was employed among mothers in the immediate post-partum period in public hospitals of Bale Zone from March 1–30, 2021. A total of 363 mothers were recruited by systematic random sampling technique in this study. Data was collected through pre-tested structured questionnaires. A 21-verified questionnaire was used to measure the outcome variable. The data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6.2.0 and exported to the statistical package of social science version 26.0 for analysis. A variable with a P value of less than 0.25 in the bi-variable binary logistic regression model was transferred to a multivariable binary logistics regression model. Hosmer and Lemeshow’s goodness of fit model was checked. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the strength of association between the outcome variable and independent variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significantly associated.

Results

The level of women-friendly care provision among mothers in immediate post-partum at public hospitals of Bale Zone was found to be 61% [95% confidence interval (55.73–66.04)]. Being prim para mother [Adjusted odds ratio = 1.88(1.07–3.33)], having planned pregnancy [Adjusted odds ratio = 1.94(1.04–3.63)] and staying at a health facility after delivery [Adjusted odds ratio = 4.8(1.71–13.39)] were found to be statistically significant predictors of level of women-friendly care provision.

Conclusion

The women-friendly care provision among mothers in the immediate post-partum period in this study area was found to be low against most of the pre-existing findings. Strong counseling on planned pregnancy and staying at a health facility after delivery is recommended.