bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metode Mengajar Yesus Dalam Injil Matius Dan Penerapannya Dalam Pendidikan Kristen Masa Kini
Authors: Darmadi Daud
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the method of teaching Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew, and its application in the implementation of contemporary Christian education. Through the study of literature, and hermeneutic research on the Gospel of Matthew found the method of teaching Jesus includes: the lecture method, story method, question and answer method, demonstration method, role modeling method, discussion method. The six methods of teaching Jesus can be applied by every lecturer, teacher, and teacher, in the learning process especially in the church and in the theological education environment. Jesus as a great teacher has set an example of creative teaching using varied learning methods. The implementation of Christian education in the Church can use the method of teaching Jesus, in a manner that is in harmony with the conditions of the church so that the maturation of faith can be achieved optimally.

Abstrak Indonesia 

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode mengajar Yesus dalam Injil Matius, dan penerapannya dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan Kristen masa kini. Melalui studi literatur, dan penelitian hermeneutik terhadap Injil Matius ditemukan metode mengajar Yesus yang meliputi: metode ceramah, metode cerita, metode tanya jawab, metode demonstrasi, metode peragaan peran, metode diskusi. Keenam metode mengajar Yesus tersebut dapat diterapkan oleh setiap dosen, guru, pengajar, dalam proses pembelajaran terutama di gereja dan di lingkungan pendidikan teologi. Yesus sebagai guru Agung telah memberikan teladan mengajar yang kreatif dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang bervareasi. Pelaksanaan pendidikan Kristen di Gereja dapat dapat memakai metode mengajar Yesus, secara berfareasi menyesuaikan dengan kondisi jemaat sehingga pendewasaan iman dapat tercapai secara maksimal.
The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0
Authors:   National Institute of Standards and Technology
Published: August 2023

The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 provides guidance to industry, government agencies, and other organizations to manage cybersecurity risks. It offers a taxonomy of high-level cybersecurity outcomes that can be used by any organization — regardless of its size, sector, or maturity — to better understand, assess, prioritize, and communicate its cybersecurity efforts. The CSF does not prescribe how outcomes should be achieved. Rather, it links to resources that provide additional guidance on practices and controls that could be used to achieve those outcomes. This document explains CSF 2.0 and its components and describes some of the many ways that it can be used.
Incidence, Morbidity-Mortality and Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Morales Julio Echarte
Published: August 2023

Background and objective: A decrease in the number of admissions due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. A study is made of the impact of the pandemic upon the incidence, morbidity-mortality and management of ACS. Materials and methods: A retrospective multicenter study was carried out with data from patients admitted due to ACS between 14 February and 24 June 2020. The following groups were established according to the period of admission: A) one month before strict lockdown; B) during lockdown; and C) one month after lockdown. The primary objective of the study was to assess differences in mortality among the three periods. Differences in the time from symptoms onset to the first medical contact (FMC) were also evaluated. Results: A total of 634 patients were included in the study (group A: 205, group B: 303, group C: 126). A 41% decrease in the number of admissions due to ACS was recorded in the first month of lockdown. A diagnostic delay was observed during lockdown (A: 65 minutes (range 38-112) vs B: 120 minutes (60-300) vs C: 120 minutes (60-360), p < 0.001); this period was not associated to increased mortality, however (HR 1.26; 95%CI 0.53-2.97; p = 0.60). Conclusions: A decrease in the number of admissions due to ACS was recorded during lockdown, with an increase in the time from symptoms onset to FMC in patients with STEACS. This was not associated to an increase in mortality during this period, however.
Dislocation reduction mechanism os GaN films on vicinal sapphire substrates
Authors: Xu Shuang , Xu Sheng-Rui , Wang Xin-Hao , Lu Hao , Liu Xu , Yun Bo-Xiang , Zhang Ya-Chao , Zhang Tao , Zhang Jin-Cheng , Hao Yue ,   Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, National Engineering Research Center of Wide Band-gap Semiconductor, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: August 2023

GaN materials are widely used in optoelectronic devices, high-power devices and high-frequency microwave devices because of their excellent characteristics, such as wide frequency band, high breakdown electric field, high thermal conductivity, and direct band gap. Owing to the large lattice mismatch and thermal mismatch brought by the heterogeneous epitaxy of GaN material, the GaN epitaxial layer will produce a great many dislocations in the growth process, resulting in the poor crystal quality of GaN material and the difficulty in further improving the device performance. Therefore, researchers have proposed the use of vicinal substrate to reduce the dislocation density of GaN material, but the dislocation annihilation mechanism in GaN film on vicinal substrate has not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, in this paper, GaN thin films are grown on vicinal sapphire substrates at different angles by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique. Atomic force microscope, high resolution X-ray diffractometer, photoluminescence testing, and transmission electron microscopy are used to analyze in detail the effects of vicinal substrates on GaN materials. The use of vicinal substrates can significantly reduce the dislocation density of GaN materials, but lead to degradation of their surface morphology morphologies. And the larger the substrate vicinal angle, the lower the dislocation density of the sample is. The dislocation density of the sample with a 5º bevel cut on the substrate is reduced by about one-third compared to that of the sample with a flat substrate. The special dislocation termination on the mitered substrate is observed by transmission electron microscopy, which is one of the main reasons for the reducing the dislocation density on the mitered substrate. The step merging on the vicinal sapphire substrate surface leads to both transverse growth and longitudinal growth of GaN in the growth process. The transverse growth region blocks the dislocations, resulting in an abrupt interruption of the dislocations during propagation, which in turn reduces the dislocation density.

Based on the above phenomena, a model of GaN growth on vicinal substrate is proposed to explain the reason why the quality of GaN crystal can be improved by vicinal substrate.
Is competition for cellular resources a driver of complex trait heritability?
Authors: Simons Yuval , Naret Olivier , Fellay Jacques , Pritchard Jonathan K
Published: August 2023

Most human complex traits are enormously polygenic, with thousands of contributing variants with small effects, spread across much of the genome. These observations raise questions about why so many variants–and so many genes–impact any given phenotype. Here we consider a possible model in which variant effects are due to competition among genes for pools of shared intracellular resources such as RNA polymerases. To this end, we describe a simple theoretical model of resource competition for polymerases during transcription. We show that as long as a gene uses only a small fraction of the overall supply of polymerases, competition with other genes for this supply will only have a negligible effect on variation in the gene’s expression. In particular, although resource competition increases the proportion of heritability explained by trans-eQTLs, this effect is far too small to account for the roughly 70% of expression heritability thought to be due to trans-regulation. Similarly, we find that competition will only have an appreciable effect on complex traits under very limited conditions: that core genes collectively use a large fraction of the cellular pool of polymerases and their overall expression level is strongly correlated (or anti-correlated) with trait values. Our qualitative results should hold for a wide family of models relating to cellular resource limitations. We conclude that, for most traits, resource competition is not a major source of complex trait heritability.
Three specific gut bacteria in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer: a concerted effort
Authors: Gong Dengmei , Adomako-Bonsu Amma G , Wang Maijian , Li Jida
Published: August 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC), which develops from the gradual evolution of tubular adenomas and serrated polyps in the colon and rectum, has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. In addition to genetics, lifestyle, and chronic diseases, intestinal integrity and microbiota (which facilitate digestion, metabolism, and immune regulation) could promote CRC development. For example, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, genotoxic Escherichia coli (pks+ E. coli), and Fusobacterium nucleatum, members of the intestinal microbiota, are highly correlated in CRC. This review describes the roles and mechanisms of these three bacteria in CRC development. Their interaction during CRC initiation and progression has also been proposed. Our view is that in the precancerous stage of colorectal cancer, ETBF causes inflammation, leading to potential changes in intestinal ecology that may provide the basic conditions for pks+ E. coli colonization and induction of oncogenic mutations, when cancerous intestinal epithelial cells can further recruit F. nucleatum to colonise the lesion site and F. nucleatum may contribute to CRC advancement by primarily the development of cancer cells, stemization, and proliferation, which could create new and tailored preventive, screening and therapeutic interventions. However, there is the most dominant microbiota in each stage of CRC development, not neglecting the possibility that two or even all three bacteria could be engaged at any stage of the disease. The relationship between the associated gut microbiota and CRC development may provide important information for therapeutic strategies to assess the potential use of the associated gut microbiota in CRC studies, antibiotic therapy, and prevention strategies.
Case Study Analysis of Database Construction for Smoke Control Simulation Experiments Using Scale Model
Authors: Im Hajun , Kim Wonchang , Jeong Keesin , Lee Taegyu
Published: August 2023

Most studies on fire properties, including smoke control, have been based on simulations. However, the results of simulation experiments have an average error rate of approximately 36.7%, and data with low reliability are obtained, compared to theoretical values and actual-scale measurements. In addition, experimental studies using scale models exhibit an average error rate of 6.9%, significantly lower than those of simulation experiments. In this study, a method for decreasing the error rate of simulation experiments was investigated by constructing a database using scale-model smoke control experiments.
Integração da modelagem da informação da construção (BIM) e a avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV)
Authors: Witicovski Lilian Cristine , Tavares Sergio Fernando
Published: August 2023

Em um projeto integrado as principais decisões são avaliadas pela equipe do projeto na fase conceitual. Com o grande volume de informação necessária para a realização de um empreendimento da indústria da construção civil, é crescente a demanda por processos mais racionais e de melhor desempenho. Como papel estratégico, o modelo BIM aliado à Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) auxiliam na seleção de materiais e técnicas construtivas por projetos mais sustentáveis. As análises geradas possibilitam que as empresas e escritórios de projetos de arquitetura, decidam quais estratégias adotar para a redução dos impactos ambientais. Existe uma grande variedade de softwares disponíveis no mercado para auxiliar nesses estudos. Este artigo apresenta um panorama de produções científicas brasileiras, dentro do intervalo de 2010 a 2017, que utilizam a análise ambiental ligados ao BIM. Analisa-se o perfil evolutivo da produção científica de simulações e o intercâmbio entre a troca de informações para se chegar às análises ambientais. Foi possível concluir que, as simulações BIM+ACV e informações de intercâmbio entre aplicativos e usuários requerem planejamento detalhado e modificações fundamentais no processo de projeto. Outro ponto observado é que, no Brasil, não existem informações geradas por banco de dados nacionais para uma ACV completa, que são fundamentais na tomada de decisões durante o ciclo de vida da edificação.
Meta-Analysis Exploring the Effects of Music Training in Cochlear Implant Users by Age
Authors: Shukor Nor Farawaheeda Ab , Seo Young Joon , Han Woojae
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to explore meaningful change in the musical performance of cochlear implant (CI) users according to age after receiving music training compared to the other CI users who did not receive any music training and normal hearing (NH) listeners.Materials and Methods: Article search was conducted from five journal databases. In accordance with PICOS criteria, 29 articles and 15 articles were included for the CI and NH groups, respectively. A total of 44 articles consisting of 407 CI users and 486 NH participants were then analyzed. Using the data gathered from pre- and post-training, meta-analysis was applied by the random-effects model, and then piecewise meta-regression was employed.Results: CI users with music training showed better performance than those without the training across all ages. The curve change in musical performance when training showed that the CI users was similar to the general pattern of NH performance, indicating that the CI users gained benefits from music training and developed perceptual ability, even though it was not as high as the level of NH counterparts.Conclusions: This finding supports the benefits of active engagement with music for both CI users and NH listeners, while noting the important role of music as one of the primary aural rehabilitation approaches.
Compost Made from Cow Dung and Sawdust Improves the Physicochemical and Biochemical Properties of the Soil, the Production and the Nutritional Quality of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Gérard Lekini Bela Jean , Charles Dakole Daboy , Aristide Molemb Nemeté , Manuela Okala Bouillong Noelly , Martin Fonkoua , Julienne Nguefack
Published: August 2023

The effect of a compost based on cow dung and sawdust on the production and nutritional quality of tomatoes was evaluated. The compost was prepared by mixing the different constituents in variable mass/mass proportions: 25/75, 50/50, 75/25 and 100/0. The experimental device for growing tomatoes in pots was made in completely randomized random blocks with 5 repetitions, and 3 compost/soil mass/mass proportions (5%, 10% and 15%) for each variant. The physicochemical, biological and biochemical parameters of the compost and amended soils, the production and the nutritional quality of the fruits were evaluated. The C3 variant of compost showed the highest pH (9.88 ± 0.01); C4 presented the highest C/N ratio (21.45 ± 0.42); C2 showed the highest contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium, the highest values of bacterial and fungal flora and cellulase, protease, β-glucosidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. Analysis of amended soils showed that: C2 (15%) has the highest pH. C1 (10%) presented the highest C/N ratio (42.12 ± 3.98) and C3 (15%)  the highest contents of nitrogen, magnesium ions and calcium. C4 (15%) presented the highest potassium and sodium content. The compost significantly improved tomato production.    The C2 (15%) compost was the most productive with 154 ± 3.00 fruits, 10 times more than the tomato produced with chemical fertilizer (15.00 ± 1.00 fruits). The Biological tomato showed higher proportions of ash, total sugars, lycopene, vitamin C and polyphenols than the chemical tomato. The results show that the organic treatment improved the physicochemical, biological and biochemical properties of the soil, the production and the nutritional quality of the tomato. The compost constitutes therefore an efficient method for sustainable agriculture.
Factors Associated with Sexual Dysfunction among Married Men in Aba Metropolis, Abia State
Authors: Chinenye Albert Joy , Peter-Kio O. B.
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the factors associated with sexual dysfunction among married men in Aba metropolis, Abia State. Five objectives, five research questions and four hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The descriptive research design was adopted with a population of 473, 940 men in the four local government areas in Aba metropolis, Abia State with a sample size of 400 which was selected using the multi-stage sampling procedure. The instrument for data collection were sphygmomanometer, glucometer and adopted questionnaire from Rosen et al. (2002) with a reliability coefficient of 0.97. The retrieved copies of the questionnaire were coded and analyzed with the aid of SPSS using percentage, contingency value and chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction (67.1%). Sexual dysfunction has a moderately significant relationship with age (c-value = 0.52, p<0.05), history of diabetes (c-value = 0.50, p<0.05), and diastolic blood pressure (c-value = 0.54, p<0.05). However, result showed no statistically significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and number of sexual partners (p>0.05). The study concluded that married men in Aba  metropolis are experiencing sexual dysfunction in varying degrees that require public health attention, with diabetes and hypertension as contributory factors. It was recommended among others that, the Government through its ministry of health should intensify community screening of men on early detection of diabetes and hypertension to minimize the impact of these health challenges on sexual functioning and sexual health of the citizens.
Use and Cost of Sustained-Release Corticosteroids for Cataract Surgery Under the Medicare Pass-Through Program
Authors: Dai Xi , Chang David F. , Chen Ariel , Dun Chen , Saeed Safa , Repka Michael X. , Woreta Fasika Ambachew
Published: August 2023

Importance

Sustained-release corticosteroids offer the potential of improved compliance and greater patient convenience for anti-inflammatory treatment after cataract surgery. However, they are substantially more expensive than postoperative corticosteroid eye drops, which have historically been standard care.

Objective

To examine the use and cost of sustained-release corticosteroids in patients with Medicare who underwent cataract surgery in the US during the temporary pass-through reimbursement program period.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study examined Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) claims from beneficiaries with at least 12 continuous months of Medicare enrollment who underwent at least 1 cataract surgery from March 2019 through December 2021. Patients younger than 65 years, those with missing demographic information, those who had more than 1 cataract surgery on each eye, and those who received more than 1 corticosteroid on the day of surgery were excluded. Cataract surgeries with concurrent use of dexamethasone intraocular suspension 9% or dexamethasone ophthalmic insert were identified. Information on surgeon demographic characteristics and costs of surgery and drugs were extracted. Data were analyzed from June 15 to December 4, 2022.

Exposure

Use of dexamethasone intraocular suspension 9% or dexamethasone ophthalmic insert during cataract surgery.

Main Outcome Measures

Utilization rate and cost of dexamethasone intraocular suspension 9% and dexamethasone ophthalmic insert among Medicare FFS beneficiaries who underwent cataract surgery.

Results

A total of 4 252 532 cataract surgeries in Medicare FFS beneficiaries (mean [SD] age, 74.8 [5.8] years; 1 730 811 male [40.7%] and 2 521 721 female [59.3%]) were performed by 12 284 ophthalmologists (8876 male [72.3%], 2877 female [23.4%], and 531 sex unknown [4.3%]). In all, 34 627 beneficiaries (0.8%) received dexamethasone intraocular suspension 9% and 73 430 (1.7%) received a dexamethasone ophthalmic insert; the use of both drugs increased over the study period. The mean (SD) Medicare allowed charges for dexamethasone intraocular suspension 9% and dexamethasone ophthalmic insert were $531.47 ($141.52) and $538.49 ($63.79), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

Despite offering the potential of improved compliance and greater patient convenience, findings of this study suggest that sustained-release corticosteroid use during cataract surgery was low and associated with cost increases to the health care system vs conventional postoperative eye drops. As these new products must be priced high enough to qualify for the Medicare pass-through program, unreasonable cost may have been a deterrent to their use, suggesting that the current Medicare reimbursement rules may not be appropriate for sustained-release postoperative corticosteroids in cataract surgery.
Pharmacological NF‐κB inhibition decreases cisplatin chemoresistance in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer and reduces cisplatin‐induced toxicities.
Authors: Gil da Costa Rui M. , Levesque Christine , Bianchi‐Frias Daniella , Chatterjee Payel , Lam Hung‐Ming , Santos Carlos , Coleman Ilsa M. , Ferreirinha Pedro , Vilanova Manuel , Pinto da Cunha Nazaré , Carvalho Hugo , Moreira‐Pais Alexandra , Faustino‐Rocha Ana , Neto Tiago , Batista da Costa José , Wright Jonathan L. , Ferreira Rita , Oliveira Paula A. , Mendes Joaquim , Bastos Margarida M. S. M. , Colaço Bruno , Lopes Carlos , Black Peter C. , Sweeney Christopher J. , Nelson Peter S.
Published: August 2023

Most patients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are not cured with platinum chemotherapy. Up‐regulation of nuclear factor kappa light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) is a major mechanism underlying chemoresistance, suggesting that its pharmacological inhibition may increase platinum efficacy. NF‐κB signaling was investigated in two patient cohorts. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to correlate NF‐κB signaling and patient survival. The efficacy of cisplatin plus the NF‐κB inhibitor dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) versus cisplatin or DMAPT alone was tested in vitro. Xenografted and immunocompetent MIBC mouse models were studied in vivo. Platinum‐naive claudin‐low MIBC showed constitutive NF‐κB signaling and this was associated with reduced disease‐specific survival in TCGA patients. Chemotherapy up‐regulated NF‐κB signaling and chemoresistance‐associated genes, including SPHK1, PLAUR, and SERPINE1. In mice, DMAPT significantly improved the efficacy of cisplatin in both models. The combination preserved body weight, renal function, and morphology, reduced muscle fatigue and IL‐6 serum levels, and did not aggravate immuno‐hematological toxicity compared with cisplatin alone. These data provide a rationale for combining NF‐κB inhibition with platinum‐based chemotherapy and conducting a clinical trial in MIBC patients.
Comparison of setup accuracy of optical surface image versus orthogonal x‐ray images for VMAT of the left breast using deep‐inspiration breath‐hold
Authors: Lu Wei , Hong Linda X. , Yamada Nelson , Berry Sean L. , Song Yulin , Choi Wookjin , Cerviño Laura I. , Tang Xiaoli , Mechalakos James G. , Romesser Paul B. , Powell Simon , Li Guang
Published: August 2023

To compare the setup accuracy of optical surface image (OSI) versus orthogonal x‐ray images (2DkV) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as ground truth for radiotherapy of left breast cancer in deep‐inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH). Ten left breast DIBH patients treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) were studied retrospectively. OSI, 2DkV, and CBCT were acquired weekly at treatment setup. OSI, 2DkV, and CBCT were registered to planning CT or planning DRR based on a breast surface region of interest (ROI), bony anatomy (chestwall and sternum), and both bony anatomy and breast surface, respectively. These registrations provided couch shifts for each imaging system. The setup errors, or the difference in couch shifts between OSI and CBCT were compared to those between 2DkV and CBCT. A second OSI was acquired during last beam delivery to evaluate intrafraction motion. The median absolute setup errors were (0.21, 0.27, 0.23 cm, 0.6°, 1.3°, 1.0°) for OSI, and (0.26, 0.24, 0.18 cm, 0.9°, 1.0°, 0.6°) for 2DkV in vertical, longitudinal and lateral translations, and in rotation, roll and pitch, respectively. None of the setup errors was significantly different between OSI and 2DkV. For both systems, the systematic and random setup errors were ≤0.6 cm and ≤1.5° in all directions. Nevertheless, larger setup errors were observed in some sessions in both systems. There was no correlation between OSI and CBCT whereas there was modest correlation between 2DkV and CBCT. The intrafraction motion in DIBH detected by OSI was small with median absolute translations <0.2 cm, and rotations ≤0.4°. Though OSI showed comparable and small setup errors as 2DkV, it showed no correlation with CBCT. We concluded that to achieve accurate setup for both bony anatomy and breast surface, daily 2DkV can't be omitted following OSI for left breast patients treated with DIBH VMAT.
A Novel Physical Unclonable Function Based on Silver Nanowire Networks
Authors: Liu Yanming , Jian Ming , Liu Xianzhu , Peng Songang , Li Hao , Ding Liming , Tian He , Ren Tian‐Ling
Published: August 2023

As digital security demands continue to rise, physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as a potential solution for providing unique identifiers and cryptographic keys. However, conventional memory‐based PUFs have limited encoding capacity, which can compromise their security. Herein, an Ag nanowire‐based PUF that offers a high encoding capacity is introduced. The prototype PUF leverages the intrinsic topology of the nanowire network for encoding, which enables to achieve encoding capacities that are on the order of nn−2. The encoding method for a 4‐node PUF is validated and its encoding capacity distribution at binary and ternary bit levels is assessed. The ternary bit encoding method allows for more detailed differentiation of the internal topological connection structure of the PUF, resulting in a larger encoding capacity. Additionally, an authentication system that is proposed. For a 7 × 7 array PUF, the estimated decryption time is ≈1.5*1058 years, demonstrating the PUF's resistance to attacks. The Ag nanowire‐based PUF design offers a promising approach to enhancing authentication system security and overcoming limitations of existing PUFs. Further exploration of this innovative PUF technology in the realm of hardware security can have significant implications for digital security in modern devices.
Sustainable and Circular Management of Perovskite Solar Cells via Green Recycling of Electron Transport Layer‐Coated Transparent Conductive Oxide
Authors: Larini Valentina , Ding Changzeng , Faini Fabiola , Pica Giovanni , Bruni Giovanna , Pancini Lorenzo , Cavalli Silvia , Manzi Matteo , Degani Matteo , Pallotta Riccardo , De Bastiani Michele , Ma Chang‐Qi , Grancini Giulia
Published: August 2023

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO)‐coated glasses are the most expensive and environmentally impacting components of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), comprising 56% of the total cost of a perovskite module and 96% of its carbon footprint. Thus, recycling TCO glasses from end‐of‐life perovskite modules can reduce both their levelized cost of electricity and energy payback time. In this work, tin oxide (SnO2)‐coated indium tin oxide glasses are refurbished from n‐i‐p PSCs employing dimethyl sulfoxide as a green solvent to dissolve the upper layers of the devices. Employing the recovered substrates, new‐generation PSCs are produced, which retain the same champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.6% as fresh samples and display an even higher average PCE. This performance enhancement is investigated through compositional and electrical analyses that demonstrate that the proposed recycling protocol induces beneficial surface modifications on the SnO2/perovskite interface and trap passivation, boosting charge extraction.
Sustainable Sources of Raw Materials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone‐Substituting Biomaterials
Authors: Putra Niko E. , Zhou Jie , Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: August 2023

The need for sustainable development has never been more urgent, as the world continues to struggle with environmental challenges, such as climate change, pollution, and dwindling natural resources. The use of renewable and recycled waste materials as a source of raw materials for biomaterials and tissue engineering is a promising avenue for sustainable development. Although tissue engineering has rapidly developed, the challenges associated with fulfilling the increasing demand for bone substitutes and implants remain unresolved, particularly as the global population ages. This review provides an overview of waste materials, such as eggshells, seashells, fish residues, and agricultural biomass, that can be transformed into biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. While the development of recycled metals is in its early stages, the use of probiotics and renewable polymers to improve the biofunctionalities of bone implants is highlighted. Despite the advances of additive manufacturing (AM), studies on AM waste‐derived bone‐substitutes are limited. It is foreseeable that AM technologies can provide a more sustainable alternative to manufacturing biomaterials and implants. The preliminary results of eggshell and seashell‐derived calcium phosphate and rice husk ash‐derived silica can likely pave the way for more advanced applications of AM waste‐derived biomaterials for sustainably addressing several unmet clinical applications.
Tough and On‐Demand Detachable Wet Tissue Adhesive Hydrogel Made from Catechol Derivatives with a Long Aliphatic Side Chain
Authors: Chen Yiming , Ni Peng , Xu Renfeng , Wang Xueli , Fu Chunhui , Wan Kaixuan , Fang Yan , Liu Haiqing , Weng Yunxiang
Published: August 2023

Wet adhesion is critical in cases of wound closure, but it is usually deterred by the hydration layer on tissues. Inspired by dopamine‐mediated underwater adhesion in mussel foot proteins, wet tissue adhesives containing catechol with 2–3 carbons side chains are reported mostly. To make wet adhesion of this type of adhesives much tougher, catechol derivatives with a long aliphatic side chain (≈10 atoms length) are synthesized. Then, a series of strong wet tissue adhesive hydrogels are prepared through photoinduced copolymerization of acrylic acid with synthetic monomers. The adhesive hydrogel has a high cohesion strength, that is, tensile strength and strain, and toughness of ≈1800 kPa, ≈540%, and ≈4100 kJ m−3, respectively. Its interfacial toughness on wet and underwater porcine skin is respectively ≈1300 and ≈1100 J m−2, and its adhesion strength to wet porcine skin is ≈153 kPa. These values are much higher than those of dopamine‐based adhesives in the same conditions, demonstrating that the long aliphatic side chain on catechol can greatly improve the wet tissue‐adhesion. Additionally, the tough interfacial adhesion can be broken on demand with 5 wt.% aqueous urea solution. This adhesive hydrogel is highly promising in safe wound closure.
Photodegradable Non‐Drying Hydrogel Substrates for Liquid Metal Based Sustainable Soft‐Matter Electronics
Authors: Fonseca Rita G. , Hajalilou Abdollah , Freitas Marta , Kuster Aline , Parvini Elahe , Serra Arménio C. , Coelho Jorge F. J. , Fonseca Ana C. , Tavakoli Mahmoud
Published: August 2023

The increasing interest in disposable electronics such as wearable patches, e‐textiles, and smart packaging, warns emergence of another man‐made disaster. A paradigm shift toward a more sustainable future through the development of soft material architectures that are robust and durable, but also degradable by external stimuli is proposed. Hydrogels, a class of soft polymers with exceptional properties, and high water content are rarely used as substrates, mainly due to lack of ink‐adhesion and rapid dehydration. Herein, photodegradable hydrogels are tailor‐made that are nondrying, robust, adhesive to ink, and permit triggerable degradation, making them suitable substrates for sustainable electronics. These hydrogels are prepared by reversible ionic crosslinking between sodium alginate and divalent cations (Ca2+) and light‐responsive crosslinking of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) chains through synthesized ortho‐nitrobenzyl (ONB)‐based crosslinkers. By displacing the water molecules in the hydrogels by immersion in glycerol, the drying problem and printability of conductive ink are addressed. It is demonstrated that digital printing of a liquid metal (LM)‐based stretchable ink over the developed substrate, shows several body‐worn printed wearable sensors, and demonstrates their degradation and recycling of the expensive metals. This work lays the foundation for the use of hydrogels as promising substrates for the next generation of environmentally friendly electronics.
Fine‐Tuning Blue‐Emitting Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Martin Stefan , Henke Nina A. , Lampe Carola , Döblinger Markus , Frank Kilian , Ganswindt Patrick , Nickel Bert , Urban Alexander S.
Published: August 2023

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with narrow, bright emission in the visible range are promising candidates for light‐emitting applications. Near‐unity quantum yields have been realized for green and red‐emitting perovskites, but efficient, stable blue‐emitting perovskite materials are scarce. Current methods to synthesize quantum‐confined CsPbBr3 NCs with blue emission are limited to specific wavelength ranges and still suffer from inhomogeneously broadened emission profiles. Herein, anisotropic blue‐green emitting CsPbBr3 NCs are synthesized in ambient atmosphere using a spontaneous crystallization method. Optical spectroscopy reveals a gradual, asymptotic photoluminescence (PL) redshift of pristine colloidal NCs after synthesis. During this process, the emission quality improves notably as the PL spectra become narrower and more symmetric, accompanied by a PL intensity increase. Electron microscopy indicates that the gradual redshift stems from an isotropic growth of the CsPbBr3 NCs in at least two dimensions, likely due to residual precursor ions in the dispersion. Most importantly, the growth process can be halted at any point by injecting an enhancement solution containing PbBr2 and organic capping ligands. Thus, excellent control over NC size is achieved, allowing for nanometer‐precise tunability of the respective emission wavelength in the range between 475 and 500 nm, enhancing the functionality of these already impressive NCs.
Magnitude‐Controlled Phase Based on Euler's Formula
Authors: Sun Zhiwei , Sima Boyu , Xu Ruolei , He Bo , Cao Hailin , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun
Published: August 2023

Phase manipulation plays a fundamental role in electromagnetic (EM) and optics research, i.e., the wavefront shaping depends heavily on phase modulation. However, the previous phase manipulation methods are limited to phase‐angle dimensionality, and the magnitude and phase are generally deemed as two distinct characters that should be controlled separately. Herein, a phase manipulation method in which phase is modulated by magnitude is proposed that follows an EM expression of Euler's formula. A rotation phase of linearly‐polarized waves is presented. Using this method, several unique applications in this research are demonstrated. First, a Hall effect of non‐angular‐momentum waves is obtained; second, an interdigital topology model with a unique topological‐charge control strategy is presented; and finally, the method is applied to holographic imaging, of which information of the hologram is recorded as a distribution of magnitude. Furthermore, as this method is applicable to all forms of harmonic waves, it can be potentially applied to other areas of wave phenomena such as acoustics and mechanics.
Fossil evidence for sporeling development of a Mesozoic osmundaceous fern
Authors: Walker Zane , Rothwell Gar W. , Stockey Ruth A.
Published: August 2023

Premise

An anatomically preserved fossil fern sporeling has been discovered in a Lower Cretaceous marine concretion from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, providing an opportunity to characterize rhizome growth from an extinct species.

Methods

The specimen was studied from serial transverse sections prepared by the cellulose acetate peel technique.

Results

The rhizome ranges from ~0.7 to 1.1 mm in diameter, has a sclerenchymatous pith, a stele that attains a dictyoxylic architecture, and sclerenchymatous outer cortex, features that are characteristic of osmundaceous rhizomes. Cauline xylem forms a medullated protostele or solenostele at some levels, but is dissected into discrete xylem bundles at others. Fronds diverge in a helical phyllotaxis, range up to 1.1 mm in greatest dimension, and have a C‐shaped trace and outer cortex of sclerotic cells. Inside the sclerenchyma of the petioles are two lateral sclerotic strands and a sclerotic bundle adaxial to the trace. Together, these characters reveal the occurrence of a new species, Todea minutacaulis and provide evidence for developmental changes that occur in the rhizome as the sporeling increased in size.

Conclusions

Small size of the specimen, medullated protostelic‐dictyoxylic solenostelar vascular architecture, and incompletely sclerified cells apically reveal that osmundaceous sporeling development has remained constant since at least the Early Cretaceous. Together with Todea tidwellii and Osmunda vancouverensis that also are present in the Apple Bay flora, this sporeling documents the occurrence of a multispecies assemblage of osmundaceous ferns and demonstrates that the genus Todea was diversifying rapidly by the Early Cretaceous.
Accessing the Eustachian tube: Conventional nasal spray vs. exhalation delivery system and the impact of targeted endoscopic sinus surgery on topical distribution patterns
Authors: Axiotakis Lucas G. , Spielman Daniel B. , Gudis David A. , Yang Nathan , Yan Carol H. , Soler Zachary M. , Levy Joshua M. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Irace Alexandria L. , Vilarello Brandon J. , Jacobson Patricia T. , Overdevest Jonathan B.
Published: August 2023

Background

Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) may occur distinct from, or in conjunction with, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS+ETD). Intranasal corticosteroid sprays are often prescribed for ETD, although ET distribution may be limited. To date, no anatomic studies compare nasopharynx (NP) distribution between conventional nasal sprays (NS) and exhalation delivery systems (EDS) after surgery. This study utilizes a cadaver model to examine topical NP delivery using EDS vs. NS before and after targeted endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

Sixteen sinonasal cavities were administered fluorescein solution via NS and EDS before and after maxillary antrostomy and anterior ethmoidectomy, followed by nasal endoscopy of the NP and ET orifice. Seven blinded experts submitted staining ratings of endoscopy images on a 0‐ to 3‐point scale, with ratings averaged for analysis.

Results

Interrater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation, 0.956). EDS was associated with significantly greater NP staining vs. NS in a pooled cohort of nonsurgical and ESS specimens (1.19 ± 0.81 vs. 0.78 ± 1.06; p = 0.043). Using a logistic regression model, EDS significantly outperformed NS in nonsurgical (odds ratio [OR], 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–10.09; p = 0.021) and post‐ESS (OR, 9.00; 95% CI, 1.95–41.5; p = 0.005) specimens, with the greatest relative staining observed for EDS after targeted ESS (OR, 18.99; 95% CI, 3.44–104.85; p = 0.001).

Conclusions

EDS is more effective than NS in topical delivery to the NP and ET orifices in cadavers. Targeted ESS may facilitate greater NP penetration by EDS compared with NS, with possible synergism after ESS for augmented delivery. These findings suggest a role for EDS delivery methods for ETD management and in CRS+ETD patients undergoing sinus surgery.
The scope of using pragmatic language tests for early detection of dementia: A systematic review of investigations using figurative language
Authors: Chakrabarty Madhushree , Klooster Nathaniel , Biswas Atanu , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Dementia cases are expected to rise to 81.1 million in 2040. Efforts are underway to develop diagnostic methods to facilitate early detection of the disease. Herein we review research findings focusing on pragmatic dysfunction in patients with dementia and evaluate the usefulness of assessing dementia and its progress with a battery of tests assessing figurative language skills.

METHODS

A total of 74,778 article titles were identified from EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. After systematic screening, 51 journal articles were selected for the final review.

RESULT

The review suggests that impaired figurative language might be a marker for early cognitive decline. Different forms of figurative language may be impaired at different stages of the disease and in different types of dementia involving different neuropathologies.

CONCLUSION

The use of pragmatic tests in combination with the existing diagnostic protocols might increase the probability of early diagnosis.

HIGHLIGHTS

Pragmatic impairment could be a marker of early cognitive impairment.

Figurative language—an important pragmatic aspect—is disrupted in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Figurative language impairment might precede literal language impairment.

Pragmatic tests could be more sensitive than standard neuropsychological tests.

Inclusion of pragmatic tests in diagnostic guidelines might bolster early detection.
Plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau217 inform on tau tangles aggregation in cognitively impaired individuals
Authors: Ferreira Pamela C. L. , Therriault Joseph , Tissot Cécile , Ferrari‐Souza João Pedro , Benedet Andréa L. , Povala Guilherme , Bellaver Bruna , Leffa Douglas T. , Brum Wagner S. , Lussier Firoza Z. , Bezgin Gleb , Servaes Stijn , Vermeiren Marie , Macedo Arthur C. , Cabrera Arlec , Stevenson Jenna , Triana‐Baltzer Gallen , Kolb Hartmuth , Rahmouni Nesrine , Klunk William E. , Lopez Oscar L. , Villemagne Victor L. , Cohen Ann , Tudorascu Dana L. , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Karikari Thomas K. , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Gauthier Serge , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Pascoal Tharick A.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) biomarkers have been recently proposed to represent brain amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathology. Here, we evaluated the plasma biomarkers' contribution beyond the information provided by demographics (age and sex) to identify Aβ and tau pathologies in individuals segregated as cognitively unimpaired (CU) and impaired (CI).

METHODS

We assessed 138 CU and 87 CI with available plasma p‐tau231, 217+, and 181, Aβ42/40, GFAP and Aβ‐ and tau‐PET.

RESULTS

In CU, only plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau217+ significantly improved the performance of the demographics in detecting Aβ‐PET positivity, while no plasma biomarker provided additional information to identify tau‐PET positivity. In CI, p‐tau217+ and GFAP significantly contributed to demographics to identify both Aβ‐PET and tau‐PET positivity, while p‐tau231 only provided additional information to identify tau‐PET positivity.

DISCUSSION

Our results support plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau217+ as state markers of early Aβ deposition, but in later disease stages they inform on tau tangle accumulation.

Highlights

It is still unclear how much plasma biomarkers contribute to identification of AD pathology across the AD spectrum beyond the information already provided by demographics (age + sex).

Plasma p‐tau231 and p‐tau217+ contribute to demographic information to identify brain Aβ pathology in preclinical AD.

In CI individuals, plasma p‐tau231 contributes to age and sex to inform on the accumulation of tau tangles, while p‐tau217+ and GFAP inform on both Aβ deposition and tau pathology.
A Flexible Theory for Catalysis: Learning Alkaline Oxygen Reduction on Complex Solid Solutions within the Ag−Pd−Pt−Ru Composition Space**
Authors: Clausen Christian M. , Krysiak Olga A. , Banko Lars , Pedersen Jack K. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Ludwig Alfred , Rossmeisl Jan
Published: August 2023

Compositionally complex materials such as high‐entropy alloys and oxides have the potential to be efficient platforms for catalyst discovery because of the vast chemical space spanned by these novel materials. Identifying the composition of the most active catalyst materials, however, requires unraveling the descriptor‐activity relationship, as experimentally screening the multitude of possible element ratios quickly becomes a daunting task. In this work, we show that inferred adsorption energy distributions of *OH and *O on complex solid solution surfaces within the space spanned by the system Ag−Pd−Pt−Ru are coupled to the experimentally observed electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction. In total, the catalytic activity of 1582 alloy compositions is predicted with a cross‐validated mean absolute error of 0.042 mA/cm2 by applying a theory‐derived model with only two adjustable parameters. Trends in the discrepancies between predicted electrochemical performance values of the model and the measured values on thin film surfaces subsequently provide insight into the alloys’ surface compositions during reaction conditions. Bridging this gap between computationally modeled and experimentally observed catalytic activities, not only reveals insight into the underlying theory of catalysis but also takes a step closer to realizing exploration and exploitation of high‐entropy materials.
Access to Trifluoromethylketones from Alkyl Bromides and Trifluoroacetic Anhydride by Photocatalysis
Authors: Du Hai‐Wu , Du Yi‐Dan , Zeng Xian‐Wang , Shu Wei
Published: August 2023

Aliphatic trifluoromethyl ketones are a type of unique fluorine‐containing subunit which play a significant role in altering the physical and biological properties of molecules. Catalytic methods to provide direct access to aliphatic trifluoromethyl ketones are highly desirable yet remain underdeveloped, partially owing to the high reactivity and instability of trifluoroacetyl radical. Herein, we report a photocatalytic synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones from alkyl bromides with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The reaction features dual visible‐light and halogen‐atom‐transfer catalysis, followed by an enabling radical‐radical cross‐coupling of an alkyl radical with a stabilized trifluoromethyl radical. The reaction provides straightforward access to aliphatic trifluoromethyl ketones from readily available and cost‐effective alkyl halides and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA).