bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Language Teaching: Criticism from Theory to Practice
Authors:   Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco., Boughoulid Mustapha
Published: December 2022

The criticism of any approach should be based on clear regulations. When we criticise any theory, our intention is that this criticism should meet some crucial requirement that should be systematic and not sporadic. “Systematic”, means that it is based on a specific set of principles or criteria, which are the same set of principles that are used in such a way as to evaluate all the existing teaching/learning theories. These principles are described as psychologically motivated principles, which are the richness of the input, the building of the students’ competency, and their involvement in meaningful communicative acts. The exhibition of an approach such as the Audiolingual methodology pushes us to investigate the question, what is problematic with it in the light of the learning criteria? One of the Audiolingual methodology’s apparent weaknesses is the output and the comprehensibility of the input. The Communicative Approach is good, but it is criticised because it does not provide a rich input. How can students communicate if the teachers fail to expose them to some linguistic stimulus? The Total Physical Response is known for the richness of the input, but the performance is poor. This paper is about learning how to criticise any language teaching approach and how to define a good one. The evaluation is not based on the students’ outcome, but on the benefit of finding out why a certain approach did not work in terms of what is taking place in the learners’ mind during the learning process.
Enpresaren Erantzukizun Linguistikoa (EEL): Hizkuntza-aniztasunarekiko kudeaketa-eredu erantzulea.
Authors: GALARRAGA Auxkin , URANGA Belen
Published: December 2022

Enpresaren erantzukizun Linguistikoa kudeatzeko eredua (EEL Eredua). ERALAN5 gida argitaratu
berri du Soziolinguistika Klusterrak 2021. urtean. Gidak baliabideak eskaintzen ditu Enpresaren
Gizarte Erantzukizuneko (EGE) gaien artean Enpresaren Erantzukizun Linguistikoa (EEL Eredua) lantzeko,
hizkuntzak kudeatzeko arau etikoen eta sozialen araberako onurak agerian jarrita. Helburua da
esparru sozioekonomikoan, euskara indargune izango duen hizkuntza-aniztasunaren kudeaketa aurreratua
abian jartzeko tresna eskaintzea enpresa eta erakundeei. Artikulu honen bitartez, egileek gidaren
oinarri teorikoak eta dimentsioak azaltzen dituzte, hala nola, alderdi metodologikoak eta inplementaziorako
kudeaketa-planaren ildo nagusien lerro nagusiak. Hitz gakoak: Esparru sozioekonomikoa,
Enpresaren Erantzukizun Linguistikoa, Enpresaren Gizarte Erantzukizuna, kudeaketa aurreratua, hizkuntza-
aniztasuna.
Hizkuntza-erronkak lanean, hezkuntzan eta osasunean Quebecen
Authors: ALAIN, Laurence , DAVELUY Michelle
Published: December 2022

Frantses Hizkuntzaren Kartak frantsesa "Estatuaren eta Legearen hizkuntza" bihurtzen du
Quebecen, baita "lan, hezkuntza, komunikazio, merkataritza eta negozioen ohiko hizkuntza" ere (GQ 1977).
Hizkuntza-legeek Kanadako probintzia horretako espazio sozioekonomikoan eta lantokietan duten
eragina aztertuko dugu, eta frantsesaren, ingelesaren eta hizkuntza autoktonoen inguruko dinamikei
helduko diegu. Horrek aukera ematen digu erronkak lantzeko, batzuentzat hizkuntza ardatz hartuta
lantzeko eta, beste batzuentzat, kultura hizpide izanda. 96. Lege Proiektuak berriki eragindako garapenen
inguruan eztabaidatuko dugu, zerbitzu publikoetan eta enpresa-munduan Kartaren printzipioak
are gehiago aplikatzeko borondate politikoa erakusten baitu. Aurretik salbuetsita egon diren esparruei
buruz sortu diren eztabaidak dokumentatu ditugu, hala nola zenbait enpresa-kategoria, goi-mailako
irakaskuntza eta etorkinentzako osasun-zerbitzuak. • Hitz gakoak: Quebec, frantsesa, hizkuntza autoktonoak,
101. Legea, 96. Lege Proiektua.
Comparison of PM2.5 Monitoring Data Using Light Scattering and Beta Attenuation Methods: A Case Study in Seoul Metro Subway
Authors: Dinh Trieu-Vuong , Park Byeong-Gyu , Lee Sang-Woo , Park Jae-Hyung , Baek Da-Hyun , Choi In-Young , Seo Ye-Bin , Kim Jo-Chun
Published: December 2022

A study on monitoring PM2.5 concentrations at an underground subway station using light scattering and beta attenuation methods was conducted. Six optical particle counters (OPCs), which were representative of the light scattering method and had 16 size channels, were installed at different sampling sites in the waiting room and platforms to compare PM2.5 concentrations, determine PM2.5 /PM10 ratios, and characterize the size distribution based on particle number. In terms of the beta attenuation method, a beta-ray attenuation monitor (BAM) was set up at the platform to compare it with OPCs for one month. It was found that 1h-average PM2.5 concentrations varied at different sampling sites depending on PM composition, while 24h-average PM2.5 concentrations were independent of the sampling sites. There was a significant difference between the means of 1h-average PM2.5 concentrations observed by the BAM and OPC when PM2.5 contributed to less than 50% or higher than 80% of PM10. In contrast, the 24h-average PM2.5 concentrations observed by the BAM and OPC showed the same patterns as each other with an insignificant difference. Therefore, an OPC can be used to monitor the 24h-average PM2.5 concentration in an underground subway station. However, the use of OPC to measure the 1h-average PM2.5 concentration should consider PM composition and other factors. In addition, more frequent calibration is needed on a regular basis.
2022 AMWA Southeast Regional Conference
Authors: Krug Susan
Published: December 2022

In partnership with the Southeast, Florida, and Carolinas chapters, AMWA’s 2022 Southeast Regional Conference took place June 13 and 14 at the Luminary Hotel in Fort Myers, Florida.
The conference featured the highly rated, small group, interactive workshops that are a staple of AMWA annual conferences. The popular moderated AMWA Freelancer Jam Session was also a part of the program, providing a supportive space for freelancers to share their experiences and concerns with other freelancers. Attendees gathered to hear 4 MedWrite Talks (short presentations reminiscent of the popular TEDx Talk) and had the opportunity to network with other members during breakfast, lunch, and an evening reception.
Growth rate, haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers fed diets supplemented with choline chloride
Authors: UGWU Patience C. , UJU Chinelo N. , ARONU Chinwe J. , MORGAN Anne , SUNDAY Glory , AHAMEFULA Chinenye , IDIGOH Obinna , EZEMA Chuka
Published: December 2022

The study evaluated the effect of choline chloride (CC) supplementation on growth rate, haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers. 120-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups of 30 birds each and these were further sub-divided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Group A served as the control while the diets of groups B, C and D were supplemented with 0.5 g/kg, 0.75 g/kg and 1 g/kg of CC respectively. 6weeks post-supplementation, haematology, serum biochemistry, total weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined. Group C (0.75 g/kg choline) had a significantly (p<0.05) higher feed efficiency (49.18%) than other choline-supplemented groups and control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean values of AST, ALT, total protein and creatinine across all groups. However, the ALP and cholesterol values of group D (4.42 U/L and 1.68 mg/dl respectively) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other groups. Lymphocyte counts of Group D was significantly (p<0.05) lower than all other groups. The spleen weight (0.27 g) of group D was significantly (p<0.05) higher than all other groups, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the relative weights of other organs of all four groups. The values of the breast weight/width, drumstick length/width, wing length and carcass length did not vary significantly across the supplemented-groups, but the breast-length, thigh weight/length/width, drumstick-weight, wing weight/width and carcass-weight of the control group were significantly higher than the supplemented-groups. Choline chloride supplementation at 0.75 g/kg may have contributed to improved feed efficiency but not with a corresponding excellent carcass yield.
Tricoepitelioma múltiple familiar. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Salazar Madrigal Kenneth , Alfaro Chaves Hazel Noelia
Published: December 2022

El tricoepitelioma es un tumor benigno poco frecuente que se origina en el folículo piloso, puede ser único o múltiple, siendo la forma múltiple de presentación esporádica o familiar. El tricoepitelioma múltiple familiar se inicia durante la adolescencia y se presenta como neoformaciones múltiples progresivas, confluentes y deformantes sobre el rostro, suelen desencadenar trastornos ansiosos en los jóvenes afectados. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante historia clínica y examen físico, el abordaje siempre debe ser médico quirúrgico.

Se informa el caso de una joven portadora de tricoepitelioma múltiple familiar que se trató de forma conjunta con el servicio de psiquiatría.

Palabras claves: tricoepitelioma múltiple familiar, tumor cutáneo, diagnóstico diferencial, gen CYLD.
Insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria persistente tras tratamiento prolongado con corticoides
Authors: Mañas Martínez Belén , Gómez Aguirre Noelia , Pérez Fernández Leticia , Mañas Martínez Mar
Published: December 2022

Los glucocorticoides son fármacos frecuentemente usados de forma crónica para el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes, hematológicas y neoplasias avanzadas. Sin embargo, representan una causa común de insuficiencia suprarrenal terciaria. Por lo tanto, la terapia de reemplazo corticoidea puede ser frecuente tras la administración crónica de glucocorticoides.

Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 65 años en tratamiento crónico con glucocorticoides debido a una sarcoidosis pulmonar diagnosticada en 2012. A pesar de la reducción gradual del tratamiento, una vez que la patología estaba en remisión, la paciente es diagnosticada de insuficiencia suprarrenal ante la persistencia de clínica de astenia intensa y sudoración profusa y haber descartado una reactivación de su proceso.

Se debe sospechar Insuficiencia suprarrenal en todo paciente que ha estado en tratamiento crónico con tratamiento glucocorticoideo. La retirada gradual del tratamiento con glucocorticoides a lo largo de las semanas es una práctica comúnmente extendida que minimiza el riesgo de Insuficiencia suprarrenal pero no lo anula. La determinación del cortisol basal al menos 18 horas de la última dosis de glucocorticoides puede ser útil para evaluar el eje hipofisario-adrenal y retirar con seguridad el tratamiento con glucocorticoides.

Palabras clave: insuficiencia suprarrenal, glucocorticoides, retirada.
Cryopreservation of Plant Tissues in Poland: Research Contributions, Current Status, and Applications
Authors: Mikuła Anna , Chmielarz Paweł , Hazubska-Przybył Teresa , Kulus Dariusz , Maślanka Małgorzata , Pawłowska Bożena , Zimnoch-Guzowska Ewa
Published: December 2022

Cryopreservation of vegetatively propagated plant material is an increasingly widely used method for the efficient and safe storage of germplasm resources around the world. In Poland, there are currently four cryobanks in use for long-term plant protection programs. However, plant tissues propagated in vitro constitute only a small portion of the accessions stored in them. To date, cryogenic storage techniques have been developed and adopted in this country for ornamental plants (roses, chrysanthemums, and geophytes), crop species (potato and garlic), forest tree species (the genera
Quercus
and
Fraxinus
), and some ferns. Polish researchers have used suspension cultures of
Gentiana
spp. and shoot tips of
Lamprocapnos spectabilis
to improve cryopreservation knowledge. A better understanding of the benefits of cryopreservation and its widespread implementation in plant biodiversity conservation programs is required. The objective of this review is to provide a concise synthesis of the scientific contributions, current status, and applications of cryogenic techniques for the conservation of in vitro culture-derived plant tissues in Poland. First, the results contributing to research that has been achieved using cell suspensions and advances related to the use of nanoparticles and plant extracts to improve cryopreservation efficiency are discussed. Then, the applications and advances in cryopreservation of ornamental plants (roses, radiomutants, plant chimeras,
Lamprocapnos
spp., and geophytes), crop species (potato and garlic), forest trees, and ferns are summarized.
Лечение и профилактика алиментарной анемии поросят при дефиците в кормовом рационе железа, кобальта и меди
Authors: Кузнецов Александр Иванович , Смолякова Наталья Петровна , Гордеева Милана Яковлевна , Давыденко Виктория Витальевна
Published: December 2022

В работе проведены исследования лечения и профилактики алиментарной анемии поросят с применением препарата ферроглюкина-75 в условиях свиноводческой фермы при дефиците в кормовом рационе железа, кобальта и меди. Установлено, что однократное внутримышечное введение ферроглюкина-75 на 4-е сутки жизни в дозе 3 мл к дню отъема животных от матерей повышает показатель гематокрита на 15,2, количества эритроцитов – 5,7, содержания гемоглобина – 8,6, цветного показателя – 2,3, живую массу – 25,7, сохранность – 27,3 %, относительно величин таковых показателей у животных без применения препарата. Однако однократное применение не снимает полностью симптомы алиментарной анемии. Двукратное введение ферроглюкина-75 на 4-е и 15-е сутки жизни и выпаивание с питьевой водой микроэлементов по прописи: 2,5 г сернокислого железа, 1,5 г сернокислой меди и 1 г хлористого кобальта из расчета на 1 л воды повышает показатель гематокрита на 11,5, количества эритроцитов – 20,3, содержания гемоглобина – 11,8, цветного показателя – 19,4, живую массу – 14,1, сохранность – 10,1 % по сравнению с величинами показателей при однократном введении ферроглюкина-75 без применения микроэлементов и снимает клиническое проявление алиментарной анемии.
Comparison of selected aspects of strength conditioning among junior boulderers and speed and lead climbers
Authors: Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof , Gutek Mateusz
Published: December 2022

Background: Comprehensive preparation of climbers for participation in multi-event competitions requires knowledge of the motor characteristics and fitness profiles of successful athletes competing in their individual events. Such knowledge can be used to prepare training programs to prepare for multi-event climbing competitions. The study aimed to compare the fitness profiles of young athletes specializing in different climbing disciplines: lead climbing, speed climbing, and bouldering. Methods: The study included 13 climbers participating in national and international speed climbing, bouldering, and lead climbing competitions. All athletes were members of the junior national team, aged 17.21.9 years. The measurements included: rope climbing power test of the upper limbs, upper limb power test on a campus board, the agonist-to-antagonist ratio of upper body strength, bent arm hang test, core strength test, simple and complex reaction time measurements, Margaria-Kalamen stair climb power test, vertical jump, pull-up shoulder endurance test. Results. There were no significant differences between the groups. However, for effect sizes, large values of Cohen’s d were reported in the campus board power in which speed climbers reached the highest results and in the pull-up test with stops in which boulderers scored highest. Small-to-medium effect sizes were observed also in the rope climb test and simple reaction time measurements in which speed climbers scored higher than lead climbers and boulderers, and in prone plank in which speed climbers scored lowest. Conclusions. Speed climbers generated higher power of the lower limbs and had shorter simple reaction times, while boulderers had greater strength in mixed dynamic-static conditions. However, in most strength and conditioning parameters, juniors specializing in different climbing disciplines did not differ significantly.
A comparison between uterine artery blood flow in fertile and unexplained infertile women by Doppler ultrasound using pulsatility index and resistance index
Authors:   Asst. Prof. Consultant Obstetrics and Gynecology, MBChB, CABOG, FICMSOG, Erbil Maternity Teaching Hospital and college of medicine/University of Salahaddin, Jawad Ariana Khalis , Hama Dastan Hamaali ,   MBChB, KHCMS/ Obstetrics and Gynecology trainee, Sulaymaniyah Maternity Teaching Hospital, Murad Srwa Jamal ,   MBChB, FIBCOG. KBMS supervisor, Sulaymaniyah Maternity Teaching Hospital and college of medicine/University of Sulaymaniyah.
Published: December 2022

Background and objectives: Infertility is inability to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse. Unexplained infertility is present if the basic fertility investigations are normal. The objective of this study is to investigate the use of uterine artery blood flow as a cause of unexplained infertility (using pulsatility index, resistance index) and compare them to fertile women. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed on 70 patients (35 fertile and 35 with unexplained infertility patients) in Sulaymaniyah Maternity Teaching Hospital, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, during October 2016 to December 2017. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound was done in the mid luteal phase (day 21 - 24) for uterine artery by using pulsatility index and resistance index. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 20 - 39 years. The uterine artery pulsatility index was significantly higher in the unexplained infertile women (mean ± SD = 2.78 ± 0.615) than fertile women (mean ± SD = 2.42 ± 0.325). The uterine artery blood flow resistance index was significantly higher in unexplained infertile group (mean ± SD = 0.899 ± 0.066) than fertile women (mean ± SD = 0.83 ± 0.054). Conclusions: Unexplained infertility is associated with decreased uterine artery blood flow and increase uterine artery resistance (pulsatility index and resistance index) when compared with fertile women.
Emergency Obstetric Hysterectomy: A Retrospective Study from Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital – Duhok over Three Years 2017 to 2019
Authors:   MBCHB, Salih Awaz Ahmed Mohammed ,   Duhok Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching hospital, Shamdeen Maida Yousif ,   Prof. MRCOG/FRCOG. Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraqi Kurdistan., Yasen Suad Tahar ,   M.B.CH. B, DOG, FICOG; College of Medicine, University of Duhok
Published: December 2022

Background & Objectives: This study aimed to identify the indications and types of emergency obstetric hysterectomy that were applied in obstetrics and Gynecological Duhok Hospital. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the medical records of the patients who underwent emergency obstetric hysterectomy were reviewed for medical indications and outcomes between the 1st of January 2017 and 31st December 2019. Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.81±5.48 ranged from 18 to 42 years old. Most of the patients delivered by cesarean section (89.6%) and the remaining by normal vaginal delivery (10.4%). Some of the patients had a total abdominal hysterectomy ((54.2%) and others had a subtotal hysterectomy (45.8%). The indications of hysterectomy were morbidly adherent placenta (56.3%), atonic postpartum hemorrhage (12.5%), uterine rupture (12.5%), abruptio placentae (8.3%), placenta previa (8.3%). The most common maternal complications were bladder injury (18.8%) followed by intensive care unit admission (8.3%) and mortality (8.3%) and the majority of patients had more than one complication (39.6%) and 25.0% had no complication. The most common fetal complication was mortality (25.0%) followed by neonatal intensive care unit admission (16.7%) and 58.3% had no complication. Conclusion: This study found that morbidly adherent placenta was the most common indication for emergency obstetric hysterectomy. Bladder injury and neonatal intensive care unit admission were the most common maternal and fetal complications, respectively. This study showed that the incidence of previous cesareans section was high in women who underwent a hysterectomy.
Short Tandem Repeat (STR) based assessment of genetic diversity of Alambadi - A draught cattle breed of Tamil Nadu
Authors: M VANDANA C , R SARAVANAN , N MURALI , N RAJA K , K MISHRA A , PICHLE RUDOLF R , PERIASAMY KATHIRAVAN
Published: December 2022

Alambadi is one of the five indigenous draught type cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu. The present study was undertaken to establish baseline genetic diversity information and evaluate its genetic relationship with Bargur cattle. The results suggested moderate levels of allelic diversity and observed heterozygosity with an overall mean of 6.52 and 0.666 respectively. Estimates of FIS showed significant heterozygosity deficit (0.056) indicating relatively higher levels of inbreeding in Alambadi cattle. The test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed 11.1% (3 out of 27) of the investigated loci showing significant deviations due to heterozygosity deficit. Estimation of global F statistics revealed low genetic differentiation between Alambadi and Bargur cattle. The global FST indicated only 3% of the total variation being explained by between breed differences, while the remaining 97% was explained by within breed variability. Principal components analysis revealed separate clustering of Alambadi and Bargur cattle, although admixture was observed among few animals from both the breeds. The test for mutation drift equilibrium revealed no evidences for the occurrence of genetic bottleneck in Alambadi and Bargur cattle in the recent past. Considering the rapid decline in the population of Alambadi cattle, the results of the present study is expected to help planning the strategy for genetic conservation and breed improvement.
Improving shelf-life of raw pork and pork meatballs by starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) powder supplementation
Authors: MAHAPATRA GARGI , BISWAS S , PATRA G , BHATTACHARYA D
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) powder on the storage stability of both raw minced pork and cooked pork meatballs. Starfruit powder was incorporated to raw minced pork as well as pork meatball mixture at the rate of 1.0%,1.5% and 2.0% based on w/w basis. Samples with starfruit powder had lowered Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and improved microbiological quality of the product was observed, when stored at refrigeration temperature (4±1°C) for a period of 21 days. The product had better physico-chemical properties, desirable textural properties and enhanced sensorial characteristics. All these attributes lead to enhancement of the overall acceptability of the treated product. It indicated that starfruit powder can successfully be utilized as additives to raw pork and pork meatball mixtures to obtain products having improved shelf-life and can act as functional foods.
Genetic parameter estimates for growth performance of crossbred piglets
Authors: CHAUDHARY RAJNI , SAILO LALRENGPUII , SINGH AKANSHA , KARTHIKEYAN A , MEHROTRA ARNAV , MONDAL S K , SAHOO N R , KUMAR AMIT
Published: December 2022

The direct heritability estimates for piglet weights in pre and post weaning stages were moderate and improvement through mass selection is plausible. In the pre-weaning stage, the piglets had maximum genetic potential at birth (BW) to be exploited through direct selection. The 3 random effects, namely direct additive, maternal additive and litterÂ  permanent environmental effects had significant roles during different phases of pre-weaning growth and all must be included in the model used for formulating a breeding program. For post-weaning traits, the direct additive and permanent litter effects were the predominant factors governing the variability. The non-significance of postweaning maternal influence was as per expectation because the piglets moved away from maternal care after 8thweekof age.
The Effect of Fear of Death in The Elderly Creating FoMO on The Perception of Health News Published on Social Media
Authors: KÖSELİÖREN Mihrali , ÇAKIR Cihan , BEŞİKCİ Sevcan
Published: December 2022

Death anxiety is an anxiety that occurs throughout people's lives and precedes other fears, and is formed by the thought that the person will no longer exist and disappear. This fear can be seen in the minds of people in a severe and painful way, as well as in an emotional and soft way. The main thing here is the anxiety of the person's disappearance or the unknown after death. FoMO, on the other hand, is the concern of people not knowing or missing news, developments and information in daily life. FoMO is increasing with technological developments and advances in communication technology. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to bring a different dimension to the field by focusing on the increase in death anxiety with old age in the follow-up of health news and the effect of this situation on the formation of FoMO. In this sense, the aim of the research is to examine whether the fear of death of the elderly leads to FoMO in monitoring and perceiving health news. The research was carried out by applying a questionnaire to people over the age of 65 in Istanbul. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that the fear of death caused behavioral changes in the follow-up of health news and their belief in health news, and there were positive significant relationships between fear of death and FoMO behaviors.
Angels, Beasts, and Impressive Things
Authors: Hanitsch Melanie
Published: December 2022

following soon
Property Rights of Women Married under Customary Law: Review of Arajulu v. Monday
Authors:   College of Law, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State Nigeria, Ajayi Mary-Ann O.
Published: December 2022

Under customary law, women are regarded as subordinates to husbands and are deprived of equal rights to the matrimonial property where a dissolution marriage occurs. This practice of denying women equal property rights is repugnant to the principles of natural justice. This article adopts the desktop research to examine the decision in Arajulu v. Monday where ownership of property acquired during the subsistence of a customary law marriage was determined. It examines if adequate monetary consideration is sufficient alone to determine the legal ownership of property acquired during the subsistence of marriage. It found that in determining ownership rights under customary law marriage, strict rules of ownership or proofed title should not be adopted. This case addressed for the first time owner of the property for women married under customary law. It concludes by advocating that courts rely on the rules of natural justice when determining ownership of matrimonial property. Keywords: Customary law; Property; Rights; Married women; Marriage
Jus Soli or Jus Sanguinis? Diagnosing Letters of Law and Official Interpretation of Tanzanian Citizenship by Birth
Authors:   Open University of Tanzania, Bernado Mubanga Clement
Published: December 2022

This article examines the controversy underlying interpretation of the letters of law on what constitutes Tanzanian citizenship by birth, particularly after independence. The centre of controversy lies in the choice of the two basic modes of attainment of citizenship by birth, namely jus soli (right of soil or birth right citizenship without the condition of citizenship of parents) and jus sanguinis (right of blood or citizenship conditioned on parents’ citizenship status).Some secondary sources say the letters of law are jus soli based while official interpretation on the ground says they are jus sanguinis based. So far, there is no judicial interpretation of the convoluted letters of law under the Tanzania Citizenship Act Cap 357 R.E 2002. It is argued that the letters of law under the Tanzania Citizenship Act reflect the jus soli mode. The article proposes for amendment of the disputed provisions to align with what is actually obtainable on ground. Keywords: jus soli, jus sanguinis, citizenship by birth, letters of law.
Using Handheld Raman Spectroscopy Equipped with Orbital Raster Technology for Field Detection of Cocaine and its Impurities in Fingernails
Authors: Wilson Megan , Al-Jumeily Dhiya , Birkett Jason , Khan Iftikhar , Abbas Ismail , Assi Sulaf
Published: December 2022

Fingernails can accumulate drugs as a result of chronic exposure. This work employed Raman spectroscopy for detecting cocaine hydrochloride (HCl) and its impurities within fingernails, utilizing orbital raster scanning (ORS) technology, where the laser beam hits multiple positions within the sample. Doing so maintained sensitivity and ensured that more of each sample’s components were represented. Fingernails were spiked with powder and solution forms of cocaine HCl and its impurities, including benzocaine HCl, levamisole HCl, lidocaine HCl, and procaine HCl. The strong Raman scattering observed for these substances indicated a high drug accumulation in the fingernails. Key cocaine HCl bands were seen at 848, 874, and 898 cm-1 (C-C stretching-tropane ring), 1004 cm-1 (symmetric stretching-aromatic ring), 1278 cm-1 (C-N stretching), 1453 cm-1 (asymmetric CH3 deformation), and 1605 and 1712 cm-1 (C=C and C=O stretching). Principal components analysis (PCA) confirmed that 90% (nails spiked with drug powders) and 77.2% (nails spiked with drug solutions) were accounted for in the variance among the data. The findings showed that Raman spectroscopy identified the presence of cocaine HCl and its impurities within fingernails.
Lignocellulose Determination and Categorization Analysis for Biofuel Pellets Based on FT-IR Spectra
Authors: He Liu , Hu Wenjun , Wei Yuzhen
Published: December 2022

Lignocellulose determination and categorization analysis are critical to the treatment of biofuel pellets. For lignocellulose determination, partial least square (PLS) regression models based on full-range spectra, feature intervals, and feature bands were established. The models that were based on feature bands displayed the best performance, with the determination coefficients of 0.956, 0.864, and 0.926 for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, respectively. For the categorization analysis issue, two specific cases were studied. First, linear discriminant analysis and random forest were used for biofuel pellet classification. Second, fuzzy clustering based on transitive closure was adopted to implement the hierarchical clustering of biofuel pellets without the label information. Excellent categorization results were obtained. This paper provides an effective auxiliary means for the pretreatment and storage of biofuel pellets with the utilization of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra.
Online ATR-FT-IR for Real-Time Monitoring of the Aspirin Esterification Process in an Acid-Mediated Reaction
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Yang Hongda
Published: December 2022

The process of aspirin synthesis was studied using in situ real-time attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR) from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride accompanied by a sulfuric acid catalyst. The data collected from the IR analysis process showed that there were obvious changes in the position, shape, and intensity of the carbonyl characteristic peaks in the three-dimensional (3D) spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) followed by target transformation of the resulting factors was used to analyze the spectra and the relationship of the absorbance and time trendlines of raw materials and products in the reaction system. This method would be enough to monitor reaction progress and determine the end point without further separation and purification of the reaction mixture. The results demonstrated that the acetylation of salicylic acid catalyzed by sulfuric acid was a complicated process, and the conversion rate was high. The reaction was a rapid reaction mechanism and could be divided into two stages with different reaction rate. The ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy technique can monitor and analyze the changes of raw materials and products with time, which is more reliable to determine fundamental data for process analysis and optimization using real-time monitoring of the reaction process.
Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ nda Oksitetrasiklinle İndüklenen Toksisiteye Karşı Polenin Koruyuculuğu
Authors: SAFİ Abdullah Emre , MİŞE YONAR Serpil
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ nda oksitetrasikline karşı polenin koruyuculuğunun araştırılması amaçlandı. Balıklara 60 mg/kg balık dozunda oksitetrasiklin tek doz olarak enjekte edildi. Oksitetrasiklin enjekte edilen balıklara 30 ppm polen eş zamanlı olarak uygulandı. Deneme 96 saat sürdü ve bu sürenin sonunda balıklardan doku (karaciğer, böbrek ve solungaç) örnekleri alındı. Doku örneklerinde malondialdehit düzeyi, glutatyon peroksidaz, katalaz ve glutatyon-S-transferaz aktiviteleri ile redükte glutatyon düzeyleri analiz edildi. Oksitetrasiklin enjekte edilen grubun doku malondialdehit düzeylerinin kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek olduğu görüldü. Yalnız oksitetrasiklin uygulanan gruba kıyasla oksitetrasiklinle eş zamanlı polen uygulanan grubun doku malondialdehit düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğu tespit edildi. Kontrol grubuna göre oksitetrasiklin enjekte edilen grubun doku glutatyon peroksidaz, katalaz ve glutatyon-S-transferaz aktiviteleri ile redükte glutatyon düzeyinin istatistiksel olarak daha düşük olduğu görüldü. Oksitetrasiklinle eş zamanlı polen uygulanan grupta doku glutatyon peroksidaz, katalaz ve glutatyon-S-transferaz aktiviteleri ile redükte glutatyon düzeyinin yalnız oksitetrasiklin uygulanan gruba göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi.
Is there any relationship between child labour, crime rates and country income per capita?
Authors: Wagué Cheick , Warrier Nandakumar
Published: December 2022

Child labour exists in varying degrees in virtually all countries aspiring to reach high income status. The prevalence of child labour and associated criminal activities have been portrayed in the 19th century novels of Charles Dickens, perhaps most vividly in the character ‘Fagin’ in the novel ‘Oliver Twist’. It seems clear that the early years of the industrial revolution in Britain gave rise to demand for increased child labour and also provided fertile ground for criminal activities. However, it is also evident from the experience of the high-income countries that the hallowed peaks of the development process witness an end to such activities representing the dark side of income creation. This paper examines whether there is a definite relationship between country income per capita and the prevalence of crime and child labour. The presumption is that as incomes grow there is an increase in the use of child labour as well as in crime, with a tapering- off after a certain income level. This paper presents evidence for such an inverted ‘U’ relationship between child labour and income per capita as well as between the crime index and income. These findings may also throw some light on the puzzle of the sudden fall in U.S crime rates in the 1990s.
Consumer Attitude and their Purchase Intention: A Review of Literature
Authors: Shastry Venkatesh S. , Anupama Dr
Published: December 2022

The objective of the paper is to bring spotlight on literature related to consumer attitude and purchase intention. The Paper attempts to identify and segregate factors which are vital and critical antecedents to formation of consumer attitude consequently “Intention to purchase”. For this purpose over 200 Journal articles were scrutinized on pre-set parameters, while 25 of them that are relevant research papers presented here. The factors considered include social media, traditional media, Word of mouth, message process involvement and trust. The findings of the study include a gamut of research objectives and aims, host of pertinent scales, commonly adopted methodologies, variety of variables and opportunity for conducting impactful research.
Can Blended Learning Address Indian Academic Issues?
Authors: Joshi Vijay , Baral Sukanta K.
Published: December 2022

Over the years, India has implemented social reforms aimed at providing education to all. This is observed from the growth in GER (Gross Enrollment Ratio) over the years that has resulted in a decrease in the number of students absent in schools. Coronavirus, nonetheless, has disturbed this scenario and is testing the functions, efficiencies, and practices of India's schooling framework. This research paper, written for stakeholders in government, and the education sector, anticipate the extent to which there is a need of continuing the imparting of education. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the newer ways that may help continue the process of learning and teaching amidst this lockdown situation that is prevailing across the world. This disruption of education has forced pushed the policymakers to consider another way of imparting quality education (both primary and secondary). This has resulted in the use of a ‘blended (mixed) learning methodology’ that incorporates one-to-one learning (classroom) as well as one-to-many (e-learning). In this context, the authors would like to emphasize the need of strengthening the basic education framework that imparts education to all.
ՋՈՒՐ ԵՎ ԱՌՈՂՋՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ
Authors: Քոթանյան Ա․Հ. , Գյուլումյան Գ․Տ.
Published: December 2022

Public health surveys spanning decades have studied the nutritional status and its association with the health promotion and disease prevention․ Water is a nutritional component. Water is essential for digestion, circulation of nutrients, movement of substances across cell membranes, metabolism, and regulation of intracellular-extracellular concentration. These processes are optimized by the stringent defense of the central nervous system of body, water and fluid concentration. Recent scientific studies presented in this article show that low volume water intake is associated with adverse health outcomes. According to these studies, low daily water consumption activates the body’s homeostatic mechanisms with the participation of AVP to maintain the water-osmotic balance, contributes to the increased risk of developing chronic diseases. In different countries 25-33% of all adult population intakes less than 1.5 L of water (total intake) per day, which is significantly less than adequate water intake levels. To ensure optimal hydration, it is proposed that the optimal total water intake for healthy adults in temperate climates with mild to moderate physical activity should be from 2.5 to 3.5 liters per day․ Studies provide convincing evidence of the need for adequate fluid intake as a safe, simple preventive measure against various diseases.
The Clinical Profile and Outcome of Children with Dengue Encephalitis at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center: A Retrospective Study From January 2011-June 2017
Authors: Alvarado-Dela Cruz Kristine , Pascual Madelyn , Luna- Dizon Maria Eva
Published: December 2022

Background: Dengue, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is hyperendemic in the Philippines. One of its rare complication is dengue encephalitis, characterized by altered sensorium, elevated liver enzymes, and high dengue-specific antibody titers. Previously known as non-neurotropic, dengue presents with an increasing incidence of neurologic manifestations. Objective: To describe the clinico-demographic profile and outcome of laboratory-confirmed dengue encephalitis patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study that used purposive sampling to describe laboratory-confirmed dengue encephalitis cases aged 0-18 years. The clinico-demographic profiles and outcomes were collected using chart review, and variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 14 laboratory-confirmed cases were reviewed. Most (57%) were males aged 3 days-15 years. Fever lasted 3-11 days. Following nonspecific signs and symptoms, neurological manifestations developed within 1-5 days, the most common being seizures (71%). Majority (57%) had anemia. All, except one, exhibited leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Elevated liver enzymes, bleeding parameter derangements, electrolyte, and glucose imbalances were noted. All were seropositive for dengue IgM, and 5 dengue IgM in the CSF. Most common EEG findings showed generalized slowing. Neuroimaging reports were normal in some or showed cerebral edema in the others. Half of the patients recovered fully, 3 showing partial recovery from neurologic changes, and 3 others had neurologic sequelae. One infant expired. Conclusions and Recommendations: Dengue encephalitis should be considered in patients living in an endemic country, presenting with fever with neurologic changes or elevated liver enzymes, with a risk for developing neurologic sequelae or death.
Intraventricular Antimicrobial Therapy in Children with Multi-Drug Resistant Ventriculitis: A Tertiary Hospital Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Pantig Francesca Mae , Ong-Lim Anna Lisa
Published: December 2022

Background: Intraventricular antimicrobial therapy (IVT), defined as the direct installation of antimicrobial agents into the lateral ventricles has been utilized as the last therapeutic option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant ventriculitis. The aim of this case series is to report our institution’s experience with IVT in pediatric patients with ventriculitis. Material and Methods: Retrospective chart review was done. The demographic data, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture isolates, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes of these patients were collected and described. Results: Between 2016 to 2018, seven (7) pediatric patients diagnosed with ventriculitis caused by multidrug-resistant organisms underwent intraventricular antimicrobial therapy in combination with intravenous therapy. The median age was 1 year (range 1 month to 17 years old, mean: 4.4 years). Fifty-seven (57) percent of the patients were females. The isolated pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii MDRO (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae MDRO (n = 2), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1), and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2).One patient had mixed isolates on CSF culture (Acinetobacter baumannii and MRSE). The antimicrobial agents for IVT used were colistin (n = 4), vancomycin (n = 2), and gentamicin (n = 1). The mean time to initiation of intraventricular therapy from the diagnosis of ventriculitis was 19 days. The mean duration of IVT therapy was 15 days. The survival rate was 57%. Conclusion: Ventriculitis caused by drug-resistant organisms is an emerging concern. Optimal therapy is not yet established and experience with IVT is limited. This series showed that there were no adverse effects related to IVT thus it may be considered an option for MDRO ventriculitis. Gram negative organisms are more common causes of ventriculitis in our institution.
The Socio-economic and Demographic Determinants of Resistant Hypertension Compared to Conventional Hypertension among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital
Authors:   Kisii University, Mueni Mbithi Mary , Nguka Gordon ,   Masinde Muliro University, Wanjau Tabitha ,   Kisii University
Published: December 2022

Diabetes and high blood pressure represent the most common comorbidities. Resistant hypertension is high blood pressure (blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg) despite therapy with at least three antihypertensive drugs, one being diuretic at tolerated doses, and has been common among type 2 diabetes patients. This study determined the association of socio-economic and demographic determinants of resistant hypertension compared to conventional hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients attending Kisii teaching and referral hospital (KTRH). The descriptive study design was used, and 96 adult study participants with type 2 diabetes were selected consecutively, where 48 study participants recruited had conventional hypertension, and the other 48 had resistant hypertension for the last year. The descriptive analysis component was included in the socio-demographic components. Inferential statistics took two forms; correlation coefficient statistics and Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Pearson’s Chi-Square test analyzed categorical variables. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS Version 21. Study results indicated age, gender, and physical activity at P=0.007, P=0.033, and P=0.002 values, respectively. However, education level, occupation, and income levels were insignificant determinants of resistant hypertension compared to conventional hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients attending KTRH. The results expanded our understanding of risk factors of resistant hypertension among people with type 2 diabetes, hence effectively managing this condition. In conclusion, the study observed significant and insignificant determinants of resistant hypertension, as shown by the p values above. This study recommends health education to increase knowledge and awareness of these key determinants of resistant hypertension compared to conventional hypertension among type 2 diabetes patients.
Penerapan Pressure Control Valve (PCV) pada Main Gas HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) Di PT. MCTN Kota Duri
Authors: Firdaus Agung Ridhatullah
Published: December 2022

In this era of globalization, science and technology has developed so rapidly. No exception to industrial technology, which has developed according to the times. One important component commonly used in industrial production processes is the Control Valve, a tool used to modify fluid flow or pressure rate in a process system. In a powerplant unit, especially PLTGU, the role of the control valve is very important. Not only in regulating the amount of gas entering the combustion in the turbine, it is also needed in supplying gas in the duck burner to the HRSG so that steam can be produced with the desired amount and quality. Based on observations in the field, at PT MCTN regarding the utilization of the control valve, it is known that its use is almost in all control systems, especially in the duck burner, precisely on the main gas HRSG. In this section the gas that will enter the duck burner has a large pressure, between 350-450 psi. This gas, which will be controlled in accordance with the production target, will be made a control system known as a Pressure Control Valve (PCV) 1/3 whose value will be adjusted using the PLC from DCS by the operator. The stages in completing this research are conducting field surveys, discussions, taking and processing data and make a conclusions. The conclusions from the implementation of this research are where the gas entering the duck burner the number or value is controlled by Pressure Control Valve 1/3 subsequently used as fuel in the steam production process, so that steam can be produced with the optimum amount and quality.