bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La visite de Guillaume II à Strasbourg en août 1908
Authors: Uberfill François
Published: April 2016

Guillaume II multiplie les voyages et séjours en Alsace. Ceux-ci se déroulent au milieu d’un déploiement de faste et de démonstrations militaires imposants. La visite de Guillaume II en mai 1908, à l’occasion du vingtième anniversaire de son accession au trône, surpasse toutes les autres par la décoration de la ville transformée en village Potemkine et la mise en scène de la personne de l’empereur et de la famille impériale. Guillaume II apparaît comme le digne successeur du fondateur du Reich, le valeureux chef d’une armée puissante, mais aussi comme le Père de la Patrie qui veille sur une province qui lui est chère. La fête donnée en son honneur se déroule à la fois sur la place impériale, tout le long des artères traversées par les cortèges et sur le champ de parade du Polygone. Le maire Schwander, soucieux de faire aussi bien que ses collègues Oberbürgermeister des autres États, a voulu associer la population à l’hommage rendu au Kaiser. Il a mobilisé près de deux cents associations pour former des haies d’honneur le long du parcours. Mais une bonne partie des Strasbourgeois reste sur sa réserve.
Assessing the effects of air temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence: an epidemiological study across Rwanda and Uganda
Authors: Colón-González Felipe J. , Tompkins Adrian M. , Biondi Riccardo , Bizimana Jean Pierre , Namanya Didacus Bambaiha
Published: April 2016

We investigate the short-term effects of air temperature, rainfall, and socioeconomic indicators on malaria incidence across Rwanda and Uganda from 2002 to 2011. Delayed and nonlinear effects of temperature and rainfall data are estimated using generalised additive mixed models with a distributed lag nonlinear specification. A time series cross-validation algorithm is implemented to select the best subset of socioeconomic predictors and to define the degree of smoothing of the weather variables. Our findings show that trends in malaria incidence agree well with variations in both temperature and rainfall in both countries, although factors other than climate seem to play an important role too. The estimated short-term effects of air temperature and precipitation are nonlinear, in agreement with previous research and the ecology of the disease. These effects are robust to the effects of temporal correlation. The effects of socioeconomic data are difficult to ascertain and require further evaluation with longer time series. Climate-informed models had lower error estimates compared to models with no climatic information in 77 and 60% of the districts in Rwanda and Uganda, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of using climatic information in the analysis of malaria surveillance data, and show potential for the development of climateinformed malaria early warning systems.
Assessment of malaria transmission changes in Africa, due to the climate impact of land use change using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 earth system models
Authors: Tompkins Adrian M. , Caporaso Luca
Published: April 2016

Using mathematical modelling tools, we assessed the potential for land use change (LUC) associated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change low- and high-end emission scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) to impact malaria transmission in Africa. To drive a spatially explicit, dynamical malaria model, data from the four available earth system models (ESMs) that contributed to the LUC experiment of the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project are used. Despite the limited size of the ESM ensemble, stark differences in the assessment of how LUC can impact climate are revealed. In three out of four ESMs, the impact of LUC on precipitation and temperature over the next century is limited, resulting in no significant change in malaria transmission. However, in one ESM, LUC leads to increases in precipitation under scenario RCP2.6, and increases in temperature in areas of land use conversion to farmland under both scenarios. The result is a more intense transmission and longer transmission seasons in the southeast of the continent, most notably in Mozambique and southern Tanzania. In contrast, warming associated with LUC in the Sahel region reduces risk in this model, as temperatures are already above the 25-30°C threshold at which transmission peaks. The differences between the ESMs emphasise the uncertainty in such assessments. It is also recalled that the modelling framework is unable to adequately represent local-scale changes in climate due to LUC, which some field studies indicate could be significant.
A breeding site model for regional, dynamical malaria simulations evaluated using in situ temporary ponds observations
Authors: Asare Ernest O. , Tompkins Adrian M. , Amekudzi Leonard K. , Ermert Volker
Published: April 2016

Daily observations of potential mosquito developmental habitats in a suburb of Kumasi in central Ghana reveal a strong variability in their water persistence times, which ranged between 11 and 81 days. The persistence of the ponds was strongly tied with rainfall, location and size of the puddles. A simple power-law relationship is found to fit the relationship between the average pond depth and area well. A prognostic water balance model is derived that describes the temporal evolution of the pond area and depth, incorporating the power-law geometrical relation. Pond area increases in response to rainfall, while evaporation and infiltration act as sink terms. Based on a range of evaluation metrics, the prognostic model is judged to provide a good representation of the pond coverage evolution at most sites. Finally, we demonstrate that the prognostic equation can be generalised and equally applied to a grid-cell to derive a fractional pond coverage, and thus can be implemented in spatially distributed models for relevant vector- borne diseases such as malaria.
Migration statistics relevant for malaria transmission in Senegal derived from mobile phone data and used in an agent-based migration model
Authors: Tompkins Adrian M. , McCreesh Nicky
Published: April 2016

One year of mobile phone location data from Senegal is analysed to determine the characteristics of journeys that result in an overnight stay, and are thus relevant for malaria transmission. Defining the home location of each person as the place of most frequent calls, it is found that approximately 60% of people who spend nights away from home have regular destinations that are repeatedly visited, although only 10% have 3 or more regular destinations. The number of journeys involving overnight stays peaks at a distance of 50 km, although roughly half of such journeys exceed 100 km. Most visits only involve a stay of one or two nights away from home, with just 4% exceeding one week. A new agent-based migration model is introduced, based on a gravity model adapted to represent overnight journeys. Each agent makes journeys involving overnight stays to either regular or random locations, with journey and destination probabilities taken from the mobile phone dataset. Preliminary simulations show that the agentbased model can approximately reproduce the patterns of migration involving overnight stays.
Один подход к решению основного уравнения магнитостатики для случая неоднородных магнетиков
Authors: Dyakin Viljam Vjacheslavovich , Kudryashova Olga Valer'evna , Raevskii Veniamin Yakovlevich
Published: April 2016

Предлагается общий подход к решению основного уравнения магнитостатики в случае неоднородных магнитных тел, когда их магнитная проницаемость зависит от координат. Поиск напряженности результирующего поля сводится к определению двух скалярных функций из системы, содержащей интегральное и дифференциальное уравнения для этих функций с определенными граничными условиями. С помощью этого подхода получено аналитическое решение магнитостатического уравнения для шара с модельной магнитной проницаемостью в произвольном внешнем поле.
Квазиклассическая асимптотика спектра двумерного оператора Хартри вблизи верхних границ спектральных кластеров
Authors: Pereskokov Alexandr Vadimovich
Published: April 2016

Рассматривается задача на собственные значения для двумерного оператора Хартри с малым параметром перед нелинейностью. Найдены асимптотические собственные значения и асимптотические собственные функции вблизи верхних границ спектральных кластеров, которые образуются в окрестности уровней энергии невозмущенного оператора. Вблизи окружности, где локализовано решение, построено асимптотическое разложение.
Exploring atmospheric blocking with GPS radio occultation observations
Authors: Brunner Lukas , Steiner Andrea K. , Scherllin-Pirscher Barbara , Jury Martin W.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Atmospheric blocking has been closely investigated in recent years due to its impact on weather and climate, such as heat waves, droughts, and flooding. We use, for the first time, satellite-based observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) and explore their ability to resolve blocking in order to potentially open up new avenues complementing models and reanalyses. RO delivers globally available and vertically highly resolved profiles of atmospheric variables such as temperature and geopotential height (GPH). Applying a standard blocking detection algorithm, we find that RO data robustly capture blocking as demonstrated for two well-known blocking events over Russia in summer 2010 and over Greenland in late winter 2013. During blocking episodes, vertically resolved GPH gradients show a distinct anomalous behavior compared to climatological conditions up to 300 hPa and sometimes even further up into the tropopause. The accompanying increase in GPH of up to 300 m in the upper troposphere yields a pronounced tropopause height increase. Corresponding temperatures rise up to 10 K in the middle and lower troposphere. These results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of RO to detect and resolve blocking and in particular to explore the vertical structure of the atmosphere during blocking episodes. This new observation-based view is available globally at the same quality so that blocking in the Southern Hemisphere can also be studied with the same reliability as in the Northern Hemisphere.
Aura OMI observations of regional SO2 and NO2 pollution changes from 2005 to 2015
Authors: Krotkov Nickolay A. , McLinden Chris A. , Li Can , Lamsal Lok N. , Celarier Edward A. , Marchenko Sergey V. , Swartz William H. , Bucsela Eric J. , Joiner Joanna , Duncan Bryan N. , Boersma K. Folkert , Veefkind J. Pepijn , Levelt Pieternel F. , Fioletov Vitali E. , Dickerson Russell R. , He Hao , Lu Zifeng , Streets David G.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA's Aura satellite has been providing global observations of the ozone layer and key atmospheric pollutant gases, such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), since October 2004. The data products from the same instrument provide consistent spatial and temporal coverage and permit the study of anthropogenic and natural emissions on local-to-global scales. In this paper, we examine changes in SO2 and NO2 over some of the world's most polluted industrialized regions during the first decade of OMI observations. In terms of regional pollution changes, we see both upward and downward trends, sometimes in opposite directions for NO2 and SO2, for different study areas. The trends are, for the most part, associated with economic and/or technological changes in energy use, as well as regional regulatory policies. Over the eastern US, both NO2 and SO2 levels decreased dramatically from 2005 to 2015, by more than 40 and 80 %, respectively, as a result of both technological improvements and stricter regulations of emissions. OMI confirmed large reductions in SO2 over eastern Europe's largest coal-fired power plants after installation of flue gas desulfurization devices. The North China Plain has the world's most severe SO2 pollution, but a decreasing trend has been observed since 2011, with about a 50 % reduction in 2012–2015, due to an economic slowdown and government efforts to restrain emissions from the power and industrial sectors. In contrast, India's SO2 and NO2 levels from coal power plants and smelters are growing at a fast pace, increasing by more than 100 and 50 %, respectively, from 2005 to 2015. Several SO2 hot spots observed over the Persian Gulf are probably related to oil and gas operations and indicate a possible underestimation of emissions from these sources in bottom-up emission inventories. Overall, OMI observations have proved valuable in documenting rapid changes in air quality over different parts of the world during last decade. The baseline established during the first 11 years of OMI is indispensable for the interpretation of air quality measurements from current and future satellite atmospheric composition missions.
Two global climatologies of daily fire emission injection heights since 2003
Authors: Rémy S. , Veira A. , Paugam R. , Sofiev M. , Kaiser J. W. , Marenco F. , Burton S. P. , Benedetti A. , Engelen R. J. , Ferrare R. , Hair J. W.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) assimilates Fire Radiative Power (FRP) observations from satellite-based sensors to produce daily estimates of biomass burning emissions. It has been extended to include information about injection heights provided by two distinct algorithms, which also use meteorological information from the operational weather forecasts of ECMWF. Injection heights are provided by the semi-empirical IS4FIRES parameterization and an analytical one-dimension Plume Rise Model (PRM). The two algorithms provide estimates for injection heights for each satellite pixel. Similarly to how FRP observations are processed in GFAS, these estimates are then gridded, averaged and assimilated, using a simple observation operator, so as to fill the observational gaps. A global database of daily biomass burning emissions and injection heights at 0.1° resolution has been produced for 2003–2015. The database is being extended in near-real-time with the operational GFAS service of the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). The two injection height datasets were compared against a new dataset of satellite-based plume height observations. The IS4FIRES parameterization showed a better overall agreement against observations, while the PRM was better at capturing the variability of injection heights and at estimating the injection heights of large fires. The results from both also show a differentiation depending on the type of vegetation. A positive trend with time in median injection heights from the PRM was noted, less marked from the IS4FIRES parameterization. This is provoked by a negative trend in number of small fires, especially in regions such as South America. The use of biomass burning emission heights from GFAS in atmospheric composition forecasts was assessed in two case studies: the South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) campaign which took place in September 2012 in Brazil, and a series of large fire events in the Western U.S. in August 2013. For these case studies, forecasts of biomass burning aerosol species by the Composition-Integrated Forecasting System (C-IFS) of CAMS were found to better reproduce the observed vertical distribution when using PRM injection heights from GFAS.
Atmospheric CO2 observations and models suggest strong carbon uptake by forests in New Zealand
Authors: Steinkamp K. , Mikaloff Fletcher S. E. , Brailsford G. , Smale D. , Moore S. , Keller E. D. , Baisden W. T. , Mukai H. , Stephens B. B.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A regional atmospheric inversion method has been developed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of CO2 sinks and sources across New Zealand for 2011–2013. This approach infers air-sea and air-land CO2 fluxes from measurement records, using back-trajectory simulations from the Numerical Atmospheric dispersion Modeling Environment (NAME) Lagrangian dispersion model, driven by meteorology from the New Zealand Limited Area Model (NZLAM) weather prediction model. The inversion uses in situ measurements from two fixed sites, Baring Head on the southern tip of New Zealand’s North Island (41.408°S, 174.871°E) and Lauder from the central South Island (45.038°S, 169.684°E), and ship board data from monthly cruises between Japan, New Zealand and Australia. A range of scenarios is used to assess the sensitivity of the inversion method to underlying assumptions, and to ensure robustness of the results. The results indicate a strong seasonal cycle in terrestrial land fluxes from the South Island of New Zealand, especially in western regions covered by indigenous forest, suggesting higher photosynthetic and respiratory activity than is evident in the current a priori land process model. On the annual scale, the terrestrial biosphere in New Zealand is estimated to be a net CO2 sink, removing 98 (±37) Tg CO2 yr−1 from the atmosphere on average during 2011–2013. This sink is much larger than the reported 27 Tg CO2 yr−1 from the national inventory for the same time period. The difference can be partially reconciled when factors related to forest and agricultural management and exports, fossil fuel emission estimates, hydrologic fluxes, and soil carbon change are considered, but some differences are likely to remain.
How stratospheric are deep stratospheric intrusions? − LUAMI 2008
Authors: Trickl Thomas , Vogelmann Hannes , Fix Andreas , Schäfler Andreas , Wirth Martin , Calpini Bertrand , Levrat Gilbert , Romanens Gonzague , Apituley Arnoud , Wilson Keith M. , Begbie Robert , Reichardt Jens , Vömel Holger , Sprenger Michael
Published: April 2016

Abstract. A large-scale comparison of water-vapour vertical-sounding instruments took place over Central Europe on 17 October 2008, during a rather homogeneous deep stratospheric intrusion event (LUAMI, Lindenberg Upper-Air Methods Intercomparison). The measurements were carried out at four observational sites, Payerne (Switzerland), Bilthoven (The Netherlands), Lindenberg (North-East Germany) and the Zugspitze mountain (Garmisch-Partenkichen, German Alps), and by an air-borne water-vapour lidar system creating a transect of humidity profiles between all four stations. A high data quality was verified that strongly underlines the scientific findings. The intrusion layer was very dry with minimum mixing ratios of 0 to 65 ppm on its lower west side, but did not drop below 120 ppm on the higher-lying east side (Lindenberg). The dryness hardens the findings of a preceding study (“Part 1”) that, e.g., 73 % of deep intrusions reaching the German Alps and travelling six days and less exhibit minimum mixing ratios of 50 ppm and less. These low values reflect values found in the lowermost stratosphere and indicate very slow mixing with tropospheric air during the downward transport to the lower troposphere. The peak ozone values were around 70 ppb, confirming the idea that intrusion layers depart from the lowermost edge of the stratosphere. The data suggest an increase of ozone from the lower to the higher edge of the intrusion layer. This behaviour is also confirmed by stratospheric aerosol caught in the layer. Both observations are in agreement with the idea that sections of the vertical distributions of these constituents in the the source region were transferred to Central Europe without major change. LAGRANTO trajectory calculations demonstrated a rather shallow outflow the stratosphere from just above the dynamical tropopause, for the first time confirming the conclusions in “Part 1” from the Zugspitze CO observations. The trajectories qualitatively explain the temporal evolution of the intrusion layers above the four stations participating in the campaign.
The detection of carbon dioxide leaks using quasi-tomographic laser absorption spectroscopy measurements in variable wind
Authors: Levine Zachary H. , Pintar Adam L. , Dobler Jeremy T. , Blume Nathan , Braun Michael , Zaccheo T. Scott , Pernini Timothy G.
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) has been used over the last several decades for the measurement of trace gasses in the atmosphere. For over a decade, LAS measurements from multiple sources and tens of retroreflectors have been combined with sparse-sample tomography methods to estimate the 2-D distribution of trace gas concentrations and underlying fluxes from point-like sources. In this work, we consider the ability of such a system to detect and estimate the position and rate of a single point leak which may arise as a failure mode for carbon dioxide storage. The leak is assumed to be at a constant rate giving rise to a plume with a concentration and distribution that depend on the wind velocity. We demonstrate the ability of our approach to detect a leak using numerical simulation and also present a preliminary measurement.
The Lexical Approach as Known and Utilized by Thai EFL Teachers
Authors: Dorkchandra Dentisak
Published: April 2016

This exploratory research was conducted to investigate the knowledge and utilization of the Lexical Approach (LA) of Thai university EFL teachers in the higher educational institutes in the upper North-eastern parts of Thailand. Specifically, it explored to what extent the teachers know about the LA and utilize it in their classroom practices. The samples were 140 EFL teachers selected by convenient sampling from 9 state universities located in 8 provinces in the region. A close-ended questionnaire with a 5-point-Likert scale was used to collect the data which were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that the teachers possessed a moderate level of knowledge about the LA and they utilized the LA in terms of exercises and activities also at a moderate level. The findings were discussed in relation to the LA being unpopular in Thailand due to some factors that might hold back the teachers' interest in utilizing the LA exercises and activities, including other traditional approaches embedded in commercial ELT books and some LA exercises and activities as time-consuming and daunting tasks. Pedagogical implications for the use of the LA in EFL classroom practices and recommendations for future research were provided.
Three-dimensional printing of alginate: From seaweeds to heart valve scaffolds
Authors: Liberski Albert Ryszard
Published: April 2016

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a resourceful technology that offers a large selection of solutions that are readily adaptable to tissue engineering of artificial heart valves (HVs). Different deposition techniques could be used to produce complex architectures, such as the three-layered architecture of leaflets. Once the assembly is complete, the growth of cells in the scaffold would enable the deposition of cell-specific extracellular matrix proteins. 3D printing technology is a rapidly evolving field that first needs to be understood and then explored by tissue engineers, so that it could be used to create efficient scaffolds. On the other hand, to print the HV scaffold, a basic understanding of the fundamental structural and mechanical aspects of the HV should be gained. This review is focused on alginate that can be used as a building material due to its unique properties confirmed by the successful application of alginate-based biomaterials for the treatment of myocardial infarction in humans. Within the field of biomedicine, there is a broad scope for the application of alginate including wound healing, cell transplantation, delivery of bioactive agents, such as chemical drugs and proteins, heat burns, acid reflux, and weight control applications. The non-thrombogenic nature of this polymer has made it an attractive candidate for cardiac applications, including scaffold fabrication for heart valve tissue engineering (HVTE). The next essential property of alginate is its ability to form films, fibers, beads, and virtually any shape in a variety of sizes. Moreover, alginate possesses several prime properties that make it suitable for use in free-form fabrication techniques. The first property is its ability, when dissolved, to increase the viscosity of aqueous solutions, which is particularly important in formulating extrudable mixtures for 3D printing. The second property is its ability to form gels in mild conditions, for example, by adding calcium salt to an aqueous solution of alginate. The latter property is a basis for reactive extrusion- and inkjet printing-based solid free-form fabrication. Both techniques enable the production of scaffolds for cell encapsulation, which increases the seeding efficiency of fabricated structures. The objective of this article is to review methods for the fabrication of alginate hydrogels in the context of HVTE.
Species Harvested, Wood Volume Removed, and a Rare Endemic Tree (Haptanthus) from a Honduran Lowland Forest
Authors: Hazlett Donald L.
Published: April 2016

For at least a century, the area of tropical American lowland forests has been in decline. One reason for this decline is logging. Logging operations in Honduras are rarely associated with botanical expeditions that identify the timber and non-timber species. This article documents the common and scientific names of trees harvested from a north-coast Honduran lowland forests from 1972-1979. During these nine years more than 50 tree species were harvested and more than 68,900 m3 of wood was extracted. The origins of the common names for many of the utilized timber trees are discussed. The most exploited trees were two species of Virola (V. koschnyi and V. guatemalensis), which comprised more than 54% of the total extracted wood volume. In second place was Ceiba pentandra with more than 23% of the extracted wood. Huertea cf. cubensis and Sterculia mexicana trees were cut and utilized before they were known to occur in Honduras. A previously unknown endemic tree was collected from this logged area in 1980. This species has primitive angiosperm traits and was described as Haptanthus hazlettii (Buxaceae) in 1989. It was presumed to be extinct several decades, but was rediscovered in 2010. The original discovery, subsequent interest, and the current status of 44 known individuals of this endemic and endangered species are discussed. Primitive traits and the first complete taxonomic description (with fruits) for this taxon are included. Other little known native and endemic plants that occur in this region, especially species with ethnobotanical uses are discussed. The forest area removed in the 1970s is now very fragmented, which threatens the survival of endemic tree species.Ceiba, 2012. Vol. 53(2):81-94
Vacíos para la Explotación Legal de Huevos de la Tortuga Lora (Lepidochelys olivacea) en el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Ostional, Costa Rica
Authors: López Lucia Isabel , Mora José Manuel
Published: April 2016

La tortuga marina Lepidochelys olivacea anida solitaria o dispersa, en arribada y en condición mixta. Las arribadas son eventos de anidación masiva y sincronizada que solo ocurren en algunas playas, una de las más importantes del mundo es Ostional en el noroeste de Costa Rica. Esta playa es parte del Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre de Ostional (RNVSO) que fue creado para proteger a las tortugas marinas en anidación y regular la extracción de huevos. A partir de ahí se emitió un decreto que permite la explotación legal de los huevos de la tortuga lora por la comunidad de Ostional mediante un aprovechamiento que es manejado por la Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de Ostional (ADIO). Este aprovechamiento es un gran ejemplo del uso de la biodiversidad por las comunidades nativas según los lineamientos de la CBD (Convenio sobre Diversidad Biológica). No obstante, hay varios vacíos para la explotación de huevos y la protección de la tortuga lora. En este trabajo analizamos varios factores relacionados con las tortugas marinas en Ostional y la explotación de sus huevos. Tratamos de identificar los vacíos principales que existen para que esta explotación tenga los resultados pretendidos con el decreto de aprovechamiento y con la creación del RNVSO. El primer vacío es la falta de un plan general de manejo oficializado para el refugio. La efectividad de manejo de un área protegida depende en primer lugar de su plan de manejo. Asociado a este punto está uno de los vacíos principales del refugio, su definición como tal. Al momento no se sabe si el refugio es estatal o mixto. Esa falta de definición crea gran inestabilidad al refugio y a la comunidad de Ostional. Otro vacío es la falta de información del estado poblacional de la tortuga lora. Aparentemente, las metodologías usadas no han sido adecuadas para el monitoreo de la población. Aunque se argumenta que la población que anida ha aumentado, no hay publicaciones científicas que respalden este argumento. Tampoco hay respaldo comprobado que la explotación de huevos beneficie directamente a la población de la tortuga lora que anida en Ostional. Tampoco se han investigado los aspectos relacionados a posibles zoonosis por las interacciones con las tortugas ni debidas al consumo de huevos. Aunque el ecoturismo es una alternativa económica para Ostional, tiene el vacío de un manejo adecuado. En todos estos aspectos el MINAE (Ministerio del Ambiente y Energía), como ente responsable de la vida silvestre del país, debe tomar el liderazgo que le corresponde. Sus acciones deben asociarse con la ADIO y las instituciones responsables para garantizar el bienestar de la comunidad de Ostional y la conservación de la tortuga lora.Ceiba, 2012. Vol.53(2):95-108
Characterizing the thermal ablation of cells for silicon biosensors
Authors: Leahy Stephane , Banavali Amey , Kong Wei , Lai Yongjun
Published: April 2016

Being able to restore the surface of biosensors to their initial material-free state after immobilization of the biological target can facilitate biosensor development and reduce measurement costs. Thermal ablation has been recently proposed as a new method to conveniently accomplish this using high temperature heating with a hot plate. Key variables related to chip heating are characterized to optimize the effectiveness of thermal ablation. Testing was performed using Poly-L- Lysine-functionalized silicon-on-insulator chips and E. coli. An analysis based on image processing demonstrates that the maximum temperature reached by the chip and the length of time the chip is held at the maximum temperature significantly affect cell removal, while the heat rate at which the chip goes from room temperature to the maximum temperature does not affect cell removal. It was found that nearly all cells can be removed by heating the chip at 425°C for 10 s or by heating the chip at 375°C for 100 s.
Comparison of the Adhesive Performances of Soy Meal, Water Washed Meal Fractions, and Protein Isolates
Authors: He Zhongqi , C. Chapital Dorselyn , N. Cheng H.
Published: April 2016

Adhesive bonding of wood plays an increasing role in the forest products industry and is a key factor for efficiently utilizing timber and other lignocellulosic resources. In this work, we obtained five soy meal products through commercial sources or in-house preparations. The protein content was 49.6%, 56.9%, 66.2%, 86.3%, and 91.9% for untreated defatted soy meal, pH 8.5 water washed meal, neutral water washed meal, commercial protein isolate, and in-house prepared protein isolate. The adhesive performances measured by the maximal dry and soaked shear strength of the bonded maple veneers at break were not exactly in the same order of the protein content, indicating that other components (e.g. carbohydrates, metals) might also have played certain roles in the adhesive ability of these products. Data at two press temperatures (i. e. 100, and 130 oC) with or without the addition of tung oil revealed that water washed soy meals behaved more like untreated meal than soy protein isolates. This observation is different from a recent report on the effect of water washing on cottonseed meal products. Thus, further elucidation of the mechanisms or causes of the differing effects of water washing would shed light on the adhesive mechanisms of the two types of oilseed meal materials, thus optimizing use of these materials and their fractions for wood bonding.
The Performance & Flow Visualization Studies of Three dimensional (3-D) Wind Turbine Blade Models
Authors: . Sutrisno , . Prajitno , . Purnomo , Setyawan B.W.
Published: April 2016

The researches on the design of 3-D wind turbine blades have been received less attention so far even though 3-D blade products are widely sold. In the opposite, advanced researches in 3-D helicopter blade have been studied rigorously. Researches in wind turbine blade modeling are mostly assumed that blade span wise sections behaves as independent two dimensional (2-D) airfoils, implying that there is no exchange of momentum in the span wise direction. Further more flow visualization experiments are infrequently conducted.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of 3-D wind turbine blade models with backward-forward swept and verify the flow patterns using flow visualization. In this research, the blade models are constructed based on the twist and chord distributions following Schmitz’s formula. Forward and backward swept are added to the wind turbine blades. It is hoped that the additional swept would enhance or diminish outward flow disturbance or stall development propagation on the span wise blade surfaces to give better blade design.

The performance of the 3-D wind turbine system models are measured by a torque meter, employing Prony’s braking system, and the 3-D flow patterns around the rotating blade models are investigated applying “tuft-visualization technique”, to study the appearance of laminar, separated and boundary layer flow patterns surrounding the 3-dimentional blade system.
For low speed wind turbines, Dumitrescu and Cardos (2011) have identified that stall spreads from the root of the rotating blade. In this study, it is found that for blades with (i) forward swept tip and backward swept root, the initial stall at the blade bottom would be amplified by concurrent strengthening flow due to  the backward swept root to create strong stall spreading outward, and therefore the blades gives lower performance. For blades with (ii) backward swept tip and forward swept root, the initial stall at the blade bottom would be weakened by opposite weakening flow due to the forward swept root, generate weak stall that tend to deteriorate. These blades have better performance.
On Experiments in Empirical Legal Research
Authors: van den Bos Kees , Hulst Liesbeth
Published: April 2016

On Experiments in Empirical Legal Research

The current paper presents some observations on experiments in empirical legal research. The paper notes some strengths and weakness of the experimental method. The paper distinguishes between experiments run in controlled laboratory settings and experiments conducted in field settings and notes the different goals the different types of experiments generally have. The paper identifies important stumbling blocks that legal researchers who are new to setting up experiments may face and proposes that focusing the research in a constructive and independent way is important to overcome these problems. The necessity of running multiple studies to overcome other problems are discussed as well. When conducted in this way, experiments may serve an important role in the field of empirical legal studies and may help to further explore the exciting issues of law, society, and human behavior.
MARTON, Scarlett (ed.): Nietzsche em chave hispânica, São Paulo, Edições Loyola, 2015.
Authors: Lavernia Biescas Kilian
Published: April 2016

Reseña del libro MARTON, Scarlett (ed.): Nietzsche em chave hispânica, São Paulo, Edições Loyola, 2015.
La escala Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) como predictora del TDAH: comportamiento de los índices SDQ respecto a las dimensiones “hiperactividad/Impulsividad” e “inatención” en una muestra clínica.
Authors: Fenollar-Cortés Javier , Calvo-Fernández Agustín , García-Sevilla Julia , Cantó-Díez Tomás J.
Published: April 2016

Introduction: Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is an international screening tool widely used for research and clinical practice on child and adolescents. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between SDQ indices and “Hyperactivity/Impulsivity" and "inattention" domains of specific ADHD scale. Method: The SDQ and ADHD-RS-IV were administered to parents and teachers of a sample of 212 children aged between 6 and 16 years old with a prior diagnosis of ADHD. Results: A significant relationship between "Hyperactivity/inattention" Scale (SDQ) and "hyperactivity/impulsivity" and "inattention" ADHD dimensions was confirmed. However, other SDQ scales were also related, depending of informant and ADHD domain. For the family, "hyperactivity/impulsivity" domain was related with high scores on "behavior problems" scale, while the "inattention" was related with "emotional symptoms" scale. Conclusions: This results suggest the possibility of to take into account rating scores on SCT scales to increase the sensitivity of the scale to discriminate ADHD clinical subtypes.
Implicaciones recíprocas de la edad y el país de pertenencia en la relación entre apoyo emocional percibido y depresión.: Un estudio transcultural.
Authors: Riquelme Marín Antonio , Martín Carbonell Marta , Ortigosa Quiles Juan-Manuel , Meda Lara Rosa-Martha , Pérez Díaz Raquel , López Navas Ana I.
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study has been to analyze the implications that the age and the cultural factors associated with the nationality, to submit to the relationship between social support and depression. With this goal, has interviewed a total sample of 1503 persons of adult age (young people, adults and elderly) belonging to Spain, Cuba and Mexico.

For the evaluation of the depression, has been used the questionnaire CES-D, while for the assessment of emotional support perceived and satisfaction with the same we applied a formal model of self-evaluation report prepared by us which gathers the perception of availability of emotional support from various sources (partner, family members, friends, colleagues, neighbors) and their satisfaction with the same.
The results obtained indicate that the relationship obtained between emotional support according to different sources and values in depressive symptomatology is subject to changes depending on the cultural influences associated to the country of origin of those interviewed, and his age, as well as the interaction between both variables
Multicomponent cognitive-behavioral therapy for intermittent explosive disorder by videoconferencing: a case study
Authors: Osma Jorge , Crespo Elena , Castellano Cristian
Published: April 2016

Cognitive-behavioral Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) has proved to be effective, with moderate to large effect sizes both in individual and group interventions. Videoconferencing has been used effectively to treat different mental disorders but its use for IED patients is as yet unknown. The aim of this study is to provide preliminary evidence of the possibility of treating IED by videoconference. We present a case-study experiment of a Spanish male, aged 33 years, living and working in China. After the intervention, the patient’s aggressive episodes decreased dramatically, as well as his negative affect. In contrast, he showed an important increment in positive emotions and self-esteem. There were also positive changes in some personality dimensions and facets measured by NEO-PI-R, specifically in neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness. The benefits were maintained at 3-, 8- and 18-month follow-ups. These preliminary results reveal that CBT by videoconference oriented to increasing emotion regulation skills was effective when implemented in a case study of a person suffering from IED.
Fatalismo, atribuciones causales y rendimiento académico en estudiantes chilenos mapuches y no mapuches
Authors: Otzen Tamara , Betancourt Hector , González-Plitt María-Elena , Martella Diana
Published: April 2016

This study investigated the role of fatalism as a cultural value orientation and causal attributions for past failure in the academic performance of high school students in the Araucania Region of Chile. Three thousand three hundred and fourty eight Mapuche and Non-Mapuche students participated in the study. Consistent with the Culture and Behavior model that guided the research, the test of causal models based on the analysis of structural equations show that academic performance is in part a function of variations in the level of fatalism, directly as well as indirectly through its influence in the attribution processes and failure-related emotions. In general, the model representing the proposed structure of relations among fatalism, attributions, and emotions as determinants of academic performance fit the data for both Mapuche and non-Mapuche students. However, results show that some of the relations in the model are different for students from these two ethnic groups. Finally, according to the results from the analysis of causal models, family SES appear to be the most important determinant of fatalism.
Proposition de protocole pour l’analyse des données textuelles : pour une démarche expérimentale en lexicométrie
Authors: Leblanc Jean-Marc
Published: April 2016

Cette contribution présente une réflexion méthodologique consistant en la comparaison des approches et des méthodes en matière de traitement automatisé des données textuelles, le croisement des outils logiciels, voire l’utilisation des résultats des uns pour les soumettre aux autres, et défend une démarche expérimentale en lexicométrie ou textométrie.
Analyse de données textuelles informatisée : l’articulation de trois méthodologies, avantages et limites
Authors: Paindorge Martine , Kerneis Jacques , Fontanieu Valérie
Published: April 2016

Nous nous interrogeons sur les méthodologies à utiliser pour analyser le contenu des programmes et documents d’accompagnement publiés par le ministère de l’Éducation Nationale en France. Ce corpus textuel présente une forme particulière dans la mesure où les paragraphes de texte sont complétés de tableaux et graphismes variés. L’article présente une étude exploratoire et précise d’abord pourquoi et comment nous articulons deux méthodologies d’analyse logicielle (Alceste et Tropes) et une analyse dite « manuelle ». Les résultats obtenus indiquent des fonctions similaires et une complémentarité. Nous précisons enfin les conditions à respecter pour mener à bien ce travail, les avantages et les limites inhérentes.
Analyse de données textuelles informatisée. Comment la pensée complexe et l’approche relationnelle peuvent nourrir quelques considérations méthodologiques
Authors: Gervais Roger
Published: April 2016

Cet article explore deux préoccupations méthodologiques liées à la méta-analyse de données textuelles : 1) le danger de la « décontextualisation » des idées comme conséquence d’une quantification des données textuelles; et 2) le principe selon lequel il importe de déterminer le cadre historique et l’origine du document avant de procéder à l’analyse. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur le traitement de 11 020 articles de périodiques parus au Canada et en France en 2005 effectué par le logiciel SPAD. Nous concluons que ce logiciel répond bien à la première préoccupation. SPAD produit des analyses de facteurs des données lexicales tout en offrant au chercheur la possibilité de retourner au texte et de vérifier le « sens » des mots. Toutefois, notre étude de cas montre aussi comment un échantillon de cette taille rend difficile la prise en considération a priori du cadre historique et de l’origine du document. Pour montrer comment il est possible de réaliser des méta-analyses en dépit de cette difficulté, nous nous référons à des principes proposés par les études relationnelles et par la systémique complexe.
La parole inversée ? Marine Le Pen et son identité-ressource langagière
Authors: Baider Fabienne
Published: April 2016

Cette étude fait le point sur des recherches informatisées d’analyse de discours politique, et en particulier du discours populiste. La perspective adoptée est celle de l’étude de la construction de l’identité empathique de Marine Le Pen, conformément à des stéréotypes féminins, et ayant pour objectif des positionnements politiques précis et conformes aux fondamentaux du Front national. Des outils informatiques permettent de détecter des tendances discursives par le repérage de mots-clefs tels quesolidarité, souffrances, tendances qui peuvent ensuite être affinées par des études qualitatives. D’une part, ce travail confirme la performativité politique des émotions lorsqu’elles sont conformes à des stéréotypes sexués. D’autre part, il atteste la présence de particularités rhétoriques d’un parti anti-système (avec des notions-clefs restant présentes au fil des années) qui sont adaptées aux nouvelles donnes politiques (le point de vue et la focalisation sont retravaillés). Ainsi le style d’intervention de Marine le Pen ferait-il basculer rhétoriquement un discours focalisé sur le ressentiment, le mépris et la nostalgie (celui de Jean-Marie Le Pen) en un discours que nous analysons comme jouant sur des émotions positives, notamment, ici, l’empathie plus conforme à un ethos féminin.
La complexité aux limites de la rationalité. Proposition de définition de la structure de base de la complexité du couple actions-attitudes par la critique du principe du tiers-exclu
Authors: Martouzet Denis
Published: April 2016

Cet article vise la définition d’une structure de base de la complexité dans le couple attitude cognitive/action par la remise en cause du principe de tiers exclu. Prenant pour point de départ la volonté humaine, il est montré que, celle-ci faisant preuve de faiblesse (akrasie aristotélicienne et objectifs que l’on se fixe relevant des effets essentiellement secondaires de Jon Elster), la personne met en oeuvre des stratégies d’autocontrainte (comme l’engagement) irrationnelles mais efficaces. Leur efficacité découle de la capacité humaine à être de mauvaise foi, au sens sartrien du terme : une mauvaise foi en toute bonne foi. La structure de cette mauvaise foi est fondée sur le résultat de la coprésence contradictoire entre croyances incompatibles et, même, leur renforcement réciproque, malgré le fait que se forcer à croire est un exemple d’effet essentiellement secondaire, soit un objectif que l’on ne peut vouloir. C’est le mécanisme de cette contradiction qui est décrit, remettant en cause ce principe du tiers exclu. Le résultat de ce mécanisme peut être pensé comme la « brique élémentaire » de la complexité humaine.
Fragments d'una obra perduda
Authors: Hernàndez Francesc J.
Published: April 2016

Fragments d'una obra perduda
Homogeneity improvement of N-polar

InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells by using c-plane sapphire substrate with off-cut-angle toward a-sapphire plane
Authors: Shojiki Kanako , Hanada Takashi , Tanikawa Tomoyuki , Imai Yasuhiko , Kimura Shigeru , Nonoda Ryohei , Kuboya Shigeyuki , Katayama Ryuji , Matsuoka Takashi
Published: April 2016

To improve the homogeneity of the N-polar

(−c-plane) InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), the growth of GaN and MQW on two c-plane sapphire substrates with an off-cut angle of 0.8° toward the a-plane (sub-A) and the m-plane (sub-M) was performed. The effects of the off-cut direction on the structural properties and surface morphologies of −c-plane GaN films were elucidated. It was found that the step bunching and meandering of −c-plane GaN were significantly suppressed on sub-A. The spatial homogeneity of the −c-plane InGaN/GaN MQWs along the off-cut direction was observed in the submicrometer scale using microbeam X-ray diffraction. By inhibiting the step bunching of the GaN template using sub-A, the thickness homogeneity of the MQWs on sub-A has been significantly improved in comparison with that on sub-M.