bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of bird sex chromosomes: a cytogenomic approach in Palaeognathae species
Authors: Setti Príncia Grejo , Deon Geize Aparecida , Zeni dos Santos Rodrigo , Goes Caio Augusto Gomes , Garnero Analía Del Valle , Gunski Ricardo José , de Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa , Porto-Foresti Fábio , de Freitas Thales Renato Ochotorena , Silva Fábio Augusto Oliveira , Liehr Thomas , Utsunomia Ricardo , Kretschmer Rafael , de Bello Cioffi Marcelo
Published: April 2024

Background

Different patterns of sex chromosome differentiation are seen in Palaeognathae birds, a lineage that includes the ratites (Struthioniformes, Rheiformes, Apterygiformes, Casuariiformes, and the sister group Tinamiformes). While some Tinamiform species have well-differentiated W chromosomes, both Z and W of all the flightless ratites are still morphologically undifferentiated. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the ZW differentiation in birds using a combination of cytogenetic, genomic, and bioinformatic approaches. The whole set of satDNAs from the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) was described and characterized. Furthermore, we examined the in situ locations of these satDNAs alongside several microsatellite repeats and carried out Comparative Genomic Hybridizations in two related species: the greater rhea (Rhea americana) and the tataupa tinamou (Crypturellus tataupa).

Results

From the 24 satDNA families identified (which represent the greatest diversity of satDNAs ever uncovered in any bird species), only three of them were found to accumulate on the emu’s sex chromosomes, with no discernible accumulation observed on the W chromosome. The W chromosomes of both the greater rhea and the emu did not exhibit a significant buildup of either C-positive heterochromatin or repetitive DNAs, indicating their large undifferentiation both at morphological and molecular levels. In contrast, the tataupa tinamou has a highly differentiated W chromosome that accumulates several DNA repeats.

Conclusion

The findings provide new information on the architecture of the avian genome and an inside look at the starting points of sex chromosome differentiation in birds.
Integrated analysis of transcriptome and miRNAome reveals the heat stress response of Pinellia ternata seedlings
Authors: Bo Chen , Liu Mengmeng , You Qian , Liu Xiao , Zhu Yanfang , Duan Yongbo , Wang Dexin , Xue Tao , Xue Jianping
Published: April 2024

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Briet., a valuable herb native to China, is susceptible to the “sprout tumble” phenomenon because of high temperatures, resulting in a significant yield reduction. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the response of P. ternata to heat stress are not well understood. In this study, we integrated transcriptome and miRNAome sequencing to identify heat-response genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and key miRNA-target pairs in P. ternata that differed between heat-stress and room-temperature conditions. Transcriptome analysis revealed extensive reprogramming of 4,960 genes across various categories, predominantly associated with cellular and metabolic processes, responses to stimuli, biological regulation, cell parts, organelles, membranes, and catalytic and binding activities. miRNAome sequencing identified 1,597 known/conserved miRNAs that were differentially expressed between the two test conditions. According to the analysis, genes and miRNAs associated with the regulation of transcription, DNA template, transcription factor activity, and sequence-specific DNA binding pathways may play a major role in the resistance to heat stress in P. ternata. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and miRNAome expression data revealed 41 high-confidence miRNA-mRNA pairs, forming 25 modules. MYB-like proteins and calcium-responsive transcription coactivators may play an integral role in heat-stress resistance in P. ternata. Additionally, the candidate genes and miRNAs were subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to validate their expression patterns. These results offer a foundation for future studies exploring the mechanisms and critical genes involved in heat-stress resistance in P. ternata.
Genome-wide identification and evolutionary analysis of the NRAMP gene family in the AC genomes of Brassica species
Authors: Zhao Yuquan , Xie Qijun , Yang Qian , Cui Jiamin , Tan Wenqing , Zhang Dawei , Xiang Jianhua , Deng Lichao , Guo Yiming , Li Mei , Liu Lili , Yan Mingli
Published: April 2024

Background

Brassica napus, a hybrid resulting from the crossing of Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea, is one of the most important oil crops. Despite its significance, B. napus productivity faces substantial challenges due to heavy metal stress, especially in response to cadmium (Cd), which poses a significant threat among heavy metals. Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) play pivotal roles in Cd uptake and transport within plants. However, our understanding of the role of BnNRAMPs in B. napus is limited. Thus, this study aimed to conduct genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of three Brassica species: B. napus, B. rapa, and B. oleracea.

Results

A total of 37 NRAMPs were identified across the three Brassica species and classified into two distinct subfamilies based on evolutionary relationships. Conservative motif analysis revealed that motif 6 and motif 8 might significantly contribute to the differentiation between subfamily I and subfamily II within Brassica species. Evolutionary analyses and chromosome mapping revealed a reduction in the NRAMP gene family during B. napus evolutionary history, resulting in the loss of an orthologous gene derived from BoNRAMP3.2. Cis-acting element analysis suggested potential regulation of the NRAMP gene family by specific plant hormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, gene expression pattern analyses under hormonal or stress treatments indicated limited responsiveness of the NRAMP gene family to these treatments, warranting further experimental validation. Under Cd stress in B. napus, expression pattern analysis of the NRAMP gene family revealed a decrease in the expression levels of most BnNRAMP genes with increasing Cd concentrations. Notably, BnNRAMP5.1/5.2 exhibited a unique response pattern, being stimulated at low Cd concentrations and inhibited at high Cd concentrations, suggesting potential response mechanisms distinct from those of other NRAMP genes.

Conclusions

In summary, this study indicates complex molecular dynamics within the NRAMP gene family under Cd stress, suggesting potential applications in enhancing plant resilience, particularly against Cd. The findings also offer valuable insights for further understanding the functionality and regulatory mechanisms of the NRAMP gene family.
Systematic characterization of Gossypium GLN family genes reveals a potential function of GhGLN1.1a regulates nitrogen use efficiency in cotton
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Gu Yunqi , Kayoumu Mirezhatijiang , Muhammad Noor , Wang Xiangru , Gui Huiping , Luo Tong , Wang Qianqian , Wumaierjiang Xieraili , Ruan Sijia , Iqbal Asif , Zhang Xiling , Song Meizhen , Dong Qiang
Published: April 2024

The enzyme glutamine synthetase (GLN) is mainly responsible for the assimilation and reassimilation of nitrogen (N) in higher plants. Although the GLN gene has been identified in various plants, there is little information about the GLN family in cotton (Gossypium spp.). To elucidate the roles of GLN genes in cotton, we systematically investigated and characterized the GLN gene family across four cotton species (G. raimondii, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense). Our analysis encompassed analysis of members, gene structure, cis-element, intragenomic duplication, and exploration of collinear relationships. Gene duplication analysis indicated that segmental duplication was the primary driving force for the expansion of the GhGLN gene family. Transcriptomic and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses indicated that the GhGLN1.1a gene is responsive to N induction treatment and several abiotic stresses. The results of virus-induced gene silencing revealed that the accumulation and N use efficiency (NUE) of cotton were affected by the inactivation of GhGLN1.1a. This study comprehensively analyzed the GhGLN genes in Gossypium spp., and provides a new perspective on the functional roles of GhGLN1.1a in regulating NUE in cotton.
Evaluation of respondent-driven sampling in seven studies of people who use drugs from rural populations: findings from the Rural Opioid Initiative
Authors: Rudolph Abby E. , Nance Robin M. , Bobashev Georgiy , Brook Daniel , Akhtar Wajiha , Cook Ryan , Cooper Hannah L. , Friedmann Peter D. , Frost Simon D. W. , Go Vivian F. , Jenkins Wiley D. , Korthuis Philip T. , Miller William C. , Pho Mai T. , Ruderman Stephanie A. , Seal David W. , Stopka Thomas J. , Westergaard Ryan P. , Young April M. , Zule William A. , Tsui Judith I. , Crane Heidi M. , Whitney Bridget M. , Delaney Joseph A. C.
Published: April 2024

Background

Accurate prevalence estimates of drug use and its harms are important to characterize burden and develop interventions to reduce negative health outcomes and disparities. Lack of a sampling frame for marginalized/stigmatized populations, including persons who use drugs (PWUD) in rural settings, makes this challenging. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is frequently used to recruit PWUD. However, the validity of RDS-generated population-level prevalence estimates relies on assumptions that should be evaluated.

Methods

RDS was used to recruit PWUD across seven Rural Opioid Initiative studies between 2018-2020. To evaluate RDS assumptions, we computed recruitment homophily and design effects, generated convergence and bottleneck plots, and tested for recruitment and degree differences. We compared sample proportions with three RDS-adjusted estimators (two variations of RDS-I and RDS-II) for five variables of interest (past 30-day use of heroin, fentanyl, and methamphetamine; past 6-month homelessness; and being positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody) using linear regression with robust confidence intervals. We compared regression estimates for the associations between HCV positive antibody status and (a) heroin use, (b) fentanyl use, and (c) age using RDS-1 and RDS-II probability weights and no weights using logistic and modified Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analyses.

Results

Among 2,842 PWUD, median age was 34 years and 43% were female. Most participants (54%) reported opioids as their drug of choice, however regional differences were present (e.g., methamphetamine range: 4-52%). Many recruitment chains were not long enough to achieve sample equilibrium. Recruitment homophily was present for some variables. Differences with respect to recruitment and degree varied across studies. Prevalence estimates varied only slightly with different RDS weighting approaches, most confidence intervals overlapped. Variations in measures of association varied little based on weighting approach.

Conclusions

RDS was a useful recruitment tool for PWUD in rural settings. However, several violations of key RDS assumptions were observed which slightly impacts estimation of proportion although not associations.
Systematic optimization and evaluation of culture conditions for the construction of circulating tumor cell clusters using breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Zou Jueyao , Chen Qiong , He Yong , Pan Yanhong , Zhao Han , Shi Junfeng , Wei Zhonghong , Yu Suyun , Zhao Yang , Han Xin , Lu Yin , Chen Wenxing
Published: April 2024

Background

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters play a critical role in carcinoma metastasis. However, the rarity of CTC clusters and the limitations of capture techniques have retarded the research progress. In vitro CTC clusters model can help to further understand the biological properties of CTC clusters and their clinical significance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish reliable in vitro methodological models to form CTC clusters whose biological characteristics are very similar to clinical CTC clusters.

Methods

The assays of immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, EdU incorporation, cell adhension and microfluidic chips were used. The experimental metastasis model in mice was used.

Results

We systematically optimized the culture methods to form in vitro CTC clusters model, and more importantly, evaluated it with reference to the biological capabilities of reported clinical CTC clusters. In vitro CTC clusters exhibited a high degree of similarity to the reported pathological characteristics of CTC clusters isolated from patients at different stages of tumor metastasis, including the appearance morphology, size, adhesive and tight junctions-associated proteins, and other indicators of CTC clusters. Furthermore, in vivo experiments also demonstrated that the CTC clusters had an enhanced ability to grow and metastasize compared to single CTC.

Conclusions

The study provides a reliable model to help to obtain comparatively stable and qualified CTC clusters in vitro, propelling the studies on tumor metastasis.
A novel TCGA-validated programmed cell-death-related signature of ovarian cancer
Authors: Cai Xintong , Lin Jie , Liu Li , Zheng Jianfeng , Liu Qinying , Ji Liyan , Sun Yang
Published: April 2024

Background

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological malignancy tumor with high recurrence and mortality rates. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential regulator in cancer metabolism, whose functions are still unknown in OC. Therefore, it is vital to determine the prognostic value and therapy response of PCD-related genes in OC.

Methods

By mining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Genecards databases, we constructed a prognostic PCD-related genes model and performed Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for its predictive ability. A nomogram was created via Cox regression. We validated our model in train and test sets. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to identify the expression of our model genes. Finally, we analyzed functional analysis, immune infiltration, genomic mutation, tumor mutational burden (TMB) and drug sensitivity of patients in low- and high-risk group based on median scores.

Results

A ten-PCD-related gene signature including protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15 A (PPP1R15A), 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (OGG1), HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 1 (HERC1), Caspase-2.(CASP2), Caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1(CAAP1), RB transcriptional corepressor 1(RB1), Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), CD3-epsilon (CD3E), Clathrin heavy chain like 1(CLTCL1), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPB) was constructed. Risk score performed well with good area under curve (AUC) (AUC3 − year =0.728, AUC5 − year = 0.730). The nomogram based on risk score has good performance in predicting the prognosis of OC patients (AUC1 − year =0.781, AUC3 − year =0.759, AUC5 − year = 0.670). Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ERBB) signaling pathway and focal adhesion were enriched in the high-risk group. Meanwhile, patients with high-risk scores had worse OS. In addition, patients with low-risk scores had higher immune-infiltrating cells and enhanced expression of checkpoints, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3), and were more sensitive to A.443,654, GDC.0449, paclitaxel, gefitinib and cisplatin. Finally, qRT-PCR confirmed RB1, CAAP1, ZBP1, CEBPB and CLTCL1 over-expressed, while PPP1R15A, OGG1, CASP2, CD3E and HERC1 under-expressed in OC cell lines.

Conclusion

Our model could precisely predict the prognosis, immune status and drug sensitivity of OC patients.
Deep learning-assisted diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid tumors based on ultrasound: a retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Tian , Chen Chen , Zhou Yahan , Cai Shenzhou , Yan Yuqi , Sui Lin , Lai Min , Song Mei , Zhu Xi , Pan Qianmeng , Wang Hui , Chen Xiayi , Wang Kai , Xiong Jing , Chen Liyu , Xu Dong
Published: April 2024

Background

To develop a deep learning(DL) model utilizing ultrasound images, and evaluate its efficacy in distinguishing between benign and malignant parotid tumors (PTs), as well as its practicality in assisting clinicians with accurate diagnosis.

Methods

A total of 2211 ultrasound images of 980 pathologically confirmed PTs (Training set: n = 721; Validation set: n = 82; Internal-test set: n = 89; External-test set: n = 88) from 907 patients were retrospectively included in this study. The optimal model was selected and the diagnostic performance evaluation is conducted by utilizing the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic(ROC) based on five different DL networks constructed at varying depths. Furthermore, a comparison of different seniority radiologists was made in the presence of the optimal auxiliary diagnosis model. Additionally, the diagnostic confusion matrix of the optimal model was calculated, and an analysis and summary of misjudged cases’ characteristics were conducted.

Results

The Resnet18 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, with an AUC value of 0.947, accuracy of 88.5%, sensitivity of 78.2%, and specificity of 92.7% in internal-test set, and with an AUC value of 0.925, accuracy of 89.8%, sensitivity of 83.3%, and specificity of 90.6% in external-test set. The PTs were subjectively assessed twice by six radiologists, both with and without the assisted of the model. With the assisted of the model, both junior and senior radiologists demonstrated enhanced diagnostic performance. In the internal-test set, there was an increase in AUC values by 0.062 and 0.082 for junior radiologists respectively, while senior radiologists experienced an improvement of 0.066 and 0.106 in their respective AUC values.

Conclusions

The DL model based on ultrasound images demonstrates exceptional capability in distinguishing between benign and malignant PTs, thereby assisting radiologists of varying expertise levels to achieve heightened diagnostic performance, and serve as a noninvasive imaging adjunct diagnostic method for clinical purposes.
Interrater reliability of the violence risk assessment checklist for youth: a case vignette study
Authors: Laake Anniken L. W. , Roaldset John Olav , Husum Tonje Lossius , Bjørkly Stål Kapstø , Gustavsen Carina Chudiakow , Lockertsen Øyvind
Published: April 2024

Background

Facilities providing health- and social services for youth are commonly faced with the need for assessment and management of violent behavior. These providers often experience shortage of resources, compromising the feasibility of conducting comprehensive violence risk assessments. The Violence Risk Assessment Checklist for Youth aged 12–18 (V-RISK-Y) is a 12-item violence risk screening instrument developed to rapidly identify youth at high risk for violent behavior in situations requiring expedient evaluation of violence risk. The V-RISK-Y instrument was piloted in acute psychiatric units for youth, yielding positive results of predictive validity. The aim of the present study was to assess the interrater reliability of V-RISK-Y in child and adolescent psychiatric units and acute child protective services institutions.

Methods

A case vignette study design was utilized to assess interrater reliability of V-RISK-Y. Staff at youth facilities (N = 163) in Norway and Sweden scored V-RISK-Y for three vignettes, and interrater reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Results indicate good interrater reliability for the sum score and Low-Moderate-High risk level appraisal across staff from the different facilities and professions. For single items, interrater reliability ranged from poor to excellent.

Conclusions

This study is an important step in establishing the psychometric properties of V-RISK-Y. Findings support the structured professional judgment tradition the instrument is based on, with high agreement on the overall risk assessment. This study had a case vignette design, and the next step is to assess the reliability and validity of V-RISK-Y in naturalistic settings.
Young people’s views on the acceptability and feasibility of loneliness interventions for their age group
Authors: Eager Sharon , Johnson Sonia , Pitman Alexandra , Uribe Manuela , Qualter Pamela , Pearce Eiluned
Published: April 2024

Background

Loneliness is a frequently reported problem for young people aged 16 to 24 years old. A variety of interventions have been developed (but in most cases not extensively evaluated) to try and tackle loneliness in this age group. These include interpersonal, intrapersonal, and social approaches that vary in their content and mechanisms of action. The current study aimed to qualitatively examine young peoples’ views on the acceptability and feasibility of different loneliness interventions.

Methods

Young people from 16 to 24 years old living in the United Kingdom who self-identified as having experienced loneliness were recruited to participate in this study. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews to assess their views on the acceptability and feasibility of loneliness interventions for their age group. Interviews were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Our analysis of 23 individual interview transcripts identified six themes. These related to the appropriate stage for intervention and how different types of strategies may be best suited to particular contexts; the key facilitators and barriers to engaging young people in an intervention; considerations for optimising the delivery of an intervention; divergent views on technology use in strategies to manage loneliness; the scope of an intervention and whether it takes a targeted or general approach; and the idea of combining different options within an intervention to allow tailoring to individual preferences and nature of loneliness.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the need for continued development of individualised interventions designed to help manage loneliness in this age group. Future loneliness strategies should be co-produced with young people to ensure that they suit the varying needs of this population.
Longitudinal association between the dynamic nature of depression with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH)
Authors: Xie Zonglan , Liu Xuebin , Hu Zhigang , Dong Chuanjiang
Published: April 2024

Background

Depression is associated with an increased risk of lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Whether the dynamic nature of depression affects the incidence of LUTS/BPH remains unknown. A four-year cohort study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was conducted to assess their association.

Methods

This study included 3433 Chinese men from the CHARLS 2011, representative of > 95 million individuals. All eligible individuals underwent three assessments of LUTS/BPH and depression in 2011, 2013 and 2015. The dynamic nature of depression was classified as acute depression with remission, acute depression with recurrence, or chronic major depression. Weighted, generalized additive analyses with three binomial models were used to investigate the relationship between LUTS/BPH and the dynamic nature of depression.

Results

During the four-year follow-up, 11.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 9.5-13.3%) of Chinese men were diagnosed with newly incident LUTS/BPH. Meanwhile, there were 60.6% (95% CI = 58.5-62.7%) of the individuals without depression and 8.9% (95% CI = 7.9-10%) of the individuals with chronic major depression. A total of 25.1% (95% CI = 23.4-26.9%) and 5.4% (95% CI = 4.6-6.3%) of the individuals were categorized as acute depression with remission and recurrence. After weighted, adjusted all included confounding risk factors, chronic major depression (RR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.14–2.33, P < 0.01) but not acute depression with remission (RR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.92–1.56, P = 0.18) and recurrence (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.82–2.10, P = 0.26) significantly increased the incidence of LUTS/BPH compared with no depression. The subgroup analysis showed that the above relationships appeared to be evident among Chinese men < 60 years.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the dynamic nature of depression has a different effect on the incidence of LUTS/BPH. The monitoring and treatment of depression are important in preventing LUTS/BPH.
In vitro study examines posterior torque impact on 3D mechanics of anterior teeth in clear aligner treatment
Authors: Fan Yongjie , Zhang Xin
Published: April 2024

Introduction

This study utilizes investigate the impact of posterior torques on the three-dimensional force exerted on the lower anterior teeth during the retraction in orthodontic clear aligners treatment.

Methods

Four groups of mandibular dental arch light-cured resin models will be created, including: mandibular posterior teeth with standard torque, mandibular posterior teeth with labial torque, and mandibular posterior teeth with lingual torque. Each group will consist of 12 sets of clear aligners. The aligners will be worn, and measurements will be taken using the six-axis measurement platform to evaluate the three-dimensional force exerted on the lower anterior teeth under various initial torques applied to the mandibular posterior teeth. SPSS 26.0 used for ANOVA analysis, α = 0.05 significance level.

Results

Comparing mandibular posterior teeth with standard torque to those with labial torque, no statistically significant changes were observed in buccolingual force. In the mesiodistal direction, mandibular incisors exhibited a significant decrease in distal force, while canines showed a significant increase. Both findings had a significance level of P < 0.05; Lingual torque on mandibular posterior teeth, compared to standard torque, led to a significant increase in lingual force for incisors and a significant increase in labial force for canines in the buccolingual direction (P < 0.05). Additionally, mandibular incisors exhibited a significant decrease in distal force in the mesiodistal direction (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Varying initial torques on mandibular posterior teeth significantly impact force on lower anterior teeth. Labial torque reduces lingual force on incisors and increases distal force on canines. Lingual torque increases lingual force on incisors and labial force on canines.
Optimal lymph node dissection for gastric cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Nico Raphaël , Veziant Julie , Chau Amélie , Eveno Clarisse , Piessen Guillaume
Published: April 2024

The management of gastric cancer has long been debated, particularly the extent of lymph node (LN) dissection required during curative surgery. LN invasion stands out as the most critical prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Historically, Japanese academic societies were the pioneers in defining a classification system for regional gastric LN stations, numbering them from 1 to 16. This classification was later used to differentiate between different types of LN dissection, such as D1, D2 and D3. However, these definitions were often considered too complex to be universally adopted, resulting in wide variations in recommendations from one country to another and making it difficult to compare published studies. In addition, the optimal extent of LN dissection remains uncertain, with initially recommended dissections being extensive but associated with significant morbidity without a clear survival benefit. The aim of this review is to make a case for extending LN dissection based on the existing literature, which includes a comprehensive examination of the current definitions of lymphadenectomy and an analysis of the results of all randomised controlled trials evaluating morbidity, mortality and long-term survival associated with different types of LN dissection. Finally, we provide a summary of the various recommendations issued by organizations such as the Japanese Gastric Research Association, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, the European Society for Medical Oncology, and the French National Thesaurus of Digestive Oncology.
Shared genetic factors and causal association between chronic hepatitis C infection and diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Fu Leihua , Yu Jieni , Chen Zhe , Gao Feidan , Zhang Zhijian , Fu Jiaping , Feng Weiying , Hong Pan , Jin Jing
Published: April 2024

Background

Epidemiological research and systematic meta-analyses indicate a higher risk of B-cell lymphomas in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) compared to non-infected individuals. However, the genetic links between HCV and these lymphomas remain under-researched.

Methods

Mendelian randomization analysis was employed to explore the association between chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and B-cell lymphomas as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Approximate Bayes Factor (ABF) localization analysis was conducted to find shared genetic variants that might connect CHC with B-cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Furthermore, The Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) was utilized to annotate the functional effects of the identified genetic variants.

Results

Mendelian randomization revealed a significant association between CHC and increased diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) risk (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01–1.78; P = 0.0397). Subsequent colocalization analysis pinpointed two noteworthy variants, rs17208853 (chr6:32408583) and rs482759 (chr6:32227240) between these two traits. The annotation of these variants through the VEP revealed their respective associations with the butyrophilin-like protein 2 (BTNL2) and notch receptor 4 (NOTCH4) genes, along with the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TSBP1-AS1.

Conclusion

This research provides a refined genetic understanding of the CHC-DLBCL connection, opening avenues for targeted therapeutic research and intervention.
Case study observational research: inflammatory cytokines in the bronchial epithelial lining fluid of COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Sudo Kazuki , Kinoshita Mao , Kawaguchi Ken , Kushimoto Kohsuke , Yoshii Ryogo , Inoue Keita , Yamasaki Masaki , Matsuyama Tasuku , Kooguchi Kunihiko , Takashima Yasuo , Tanaka Masami , Matsumoto Kazumichi , Tashiro Kei , Inaba Tohru , Ohta Bon , Sawa Teiji
Published: April 2024

Background

In this study, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were measured in the bronchial epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and plasma in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) secondary to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

We comprehensively analyzed the concentrations of 25 cytokines in the ELF and plasma of 27 COVID-19 AHRF patients. ELF was collected using the bronchial microsampling method through an endotracheal tube just after patients were intubated for mechanical ventilation.

Results

Compared with those in healthy volunteers, the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 (median 27.6 pmol/L), IL-8 (1045.1 pmol/L), IL-17A (0.8 pmol/L), IL-25 (1.5 pmol/L), and IL-31 (42.3 pmol/L) were significantly greater in the ELF of COVID-19 patients than in that of volunteers. The concentrations of MCP-1 and MIP-1β were significantly greater in the plasma of COVID-19 patients than in that of volunteers. The ELF/plasma ratio of IL-8 was the highest among the 25 cytokines, with a median of 737, and the ELF/plasma ratio of IL-6 (median: 218), IL-1β (202), IL-31 (169), MCP-1 (81), MIP-1β (55), and TNF-α (47) were lower.

Conclusions

The ELF concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-25, and IL-31 were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. Although high levels of MIP-1 and MIP-1β were also detected in the blood samples collected simultaneously with the ELF samples, the results indicated that lung inflammation was highly compartmentalized. Our study demonstrated that a comprehensive analysis of cytokines in the ELF is a feasible approach for understanding lung inflammation and systemic interactions in patients with severe pneumonia.
Comparison of the effects of core stability and whole-body electromyostimulation exercises on lumbar lordosis angle and dynamic balance of sedentary people with hyperlordosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shalamzari Mohammad Hamzeh , Henteh Mohammad Amin , Shamsoddini Alireza , Ghanjal Ali
Published: April 2024

Background

Hyperlordosis is an excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine that affects spinal function. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of core stability exercises (CSE), Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), and CSE Plus on the Lumbar lordosis angle and dynamic balance in sedentary people with hyperlordosis.

Methods

In a parallel randomized controlled trial study, seventy five untrained male adults with hyperlordosis, recruited from clinics of sports medicine and corrective exercise centers in Tehran, were randomly assigned to four groups: CSE (n = 19), WB-EMS (n = 18), CSE Plus (n = 18), and control Group (CG) (n = 20). The CSE group performed Core stability exercises, the WB-EMS group followed a Whole-body electromyostimulation combined training protocol, and the CSE Plus group engaged in a combined program protocol (CSE with the WB-EMS vest), and the control group only participated in activities of daily living. Anthropometric parameters and outcomes, including the lordosis angle and dynamic balance, were assessed before and after a six-week training program. A flexible ruler was used to measure the angle of lordosis, and the Y balance test was employed to evaluate the dynamic balance.

Results

The results indicated that the lordosis angle improved in both the CSE and CSE Plus groups compared to the CG in the post-test (P = 0.017, P = 0.024). However, there were no significant differences observed between the other group pairs. Additionally, a significant difference in dynamic balance was found between the CSE Plus group and the CG in the post-test (P = 0.001), while no significant differences were observed between the other group pairs. Furthermore, within-group test results demonstrated that lumbar lordosis angle and dynamic balance variables significantly improved in the post-test compared to the pre-test stage (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The two CSE and CSE Plus training protocols are effective as training methods for correcting certain parameters and physical deformities, including lumbar lordosis. Furthermore, the CSE Plus group demonstrated a positive impact on improving dynamic balance. Consequently, it is highly recommended that individuals with hyperlordosis can benefit from the exercises of the present study, especially CSE Plus exercises along with other rehabilitation exercises.

Trial registration

The trial was registered at Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20221004011, registration date: 04/10/2022).
Menstrual and reproductive factors associated with risk of breast cancer among Indian women: a cross sectional study from National Family Health Survey, 2019-21
Authors: Das Ujjwal , Soren Sabita , Kar Nishamani
Published: April 2024

Background

The breast cancer is common cancer in women globally. The risk of breast cancer is strongly associated with women’s menstrual and reproductive factors that have been established in different countries. Therefore present study was aim to explore the association between menstrual and reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer screening in Indian women.

Methods

The present study data has been used fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-V) with 724,115 women in aged 15–49 in 2019-21. The self-reported ever screened of breast cancer for women aged 30–49 was the main outcome variable of the study. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer by menstrual and reproductive factors adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Late menarche (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.48–3.28), irregular menstrual cycle (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08–3.53)), delay age at first birth (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11–3.04) and contraceptive pill used (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.74–2.10) were significantly associated to increases the uptake of screening breast cancer. While, a higher number of birth (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.10–1.03), and long duration of breast-feeding practice (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63–0.91) were reduced to participate for screening breast cancer.

Conclusion

The results of the study confirm the role of menstrual and reproductive factors in breast cancer in Indian women. Therefore, our findings are imperative for developing breast cancer prevention strategies and better preparedness. Creating awareness and providing knowledge on cancer could be key strategies for the reduction of breast cancer in Indian reproductive age group women.
Cultural heritage characteristics and damage analysis based on multidimensional data fusion and HBIM–taking the former residence of HSBC bank in Xiamen, China as an example
Authors: Zhuo Lingchen , Zhang Jiahao , Hong Xinyu
Published: April 2024

In the context of digitalizing cultural heritage, HBIM is garnering increasing attention from heritage conservationists for its advantages. In conservation practices for cultural heritage, expressing regional characteristics and documenting in HBIM has become increasingly crucial, and these needs are inextricably linked to the need for models with a high level of detail (LOD). This paper presents a combination of Terrestrial Laser Scanning surveys, UAV photogrammetry, and handheld laser scanning to scan cultural heritage. The scan data obtained from multiple digital surveys serves as the foundation for modelling HBIM. For the regional characteristics, the HBIM model was built with detailed geometric shapes, configurations, materials, and colors of each element, as well as complex patterns and damage using the parametric models and mesh models. The information of the building and its components stored in the HBIM model. Consequently, obtained a highly detailed HBIM that not only captures the intricate details of the ideal state and real-world damage and degradation with minimal error but also serves as a repository for a multitude of information types. It has been concluded that a high LOD is essential to representing the regional geometric feature of a building and recording the damage of cultural heritage.
Validation and Safety Profile of a Novel, Noninvasive Fiducial Attachment for Stereotactic Robotic-Guided Stereoelectroencephalography: A Case Series
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Song Ryan , Sarmey Nehaw , Harasimchuk Stephen , Bulacio Juan , Pucci Francesco , Rammo Richard , Bingaman William , Serletis Demitre
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

We developed, tested, and validated a novel, noninvasive, Leksell G frame–based fiducial attachment, for use in stereotactic registration for stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG). Use of the device increased the number of fixed reference points available for registration, while obviating the need for additional scalp incisions. We report here on our experience and safety profile of using the device.

METHODS:

We collected registration data using the fiducial device across 25 adult and pediatric patients with epilepsy consecutively undergoing robotic-guided sEEG for invasive epilepsy monitoring, treated between May 2022 and July 2023. ROSA One Brain was used for trajectory planning and electrode implantation. Postoperative clinical and radiographic data were computed and quantified, including mean registration error for all patients. Entry point, target point (TP), and angular errors were measured. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients for error were calculated.

RESULTS:

Twenty-five patients underwent robotic-guided sEEG implantation (11 patients, bilateral; 10 patients, left unilateral; 4 patients, right). The mean number of electrodes per patient was 18 ± 3. The average mean registration error was 0.77 ± 0.11 mm. All patients were implanted with Ad-Tech depth electrodes. No clinically relevant complications were reported. Analysis of trajectory error was performed on 446 electrodes. The median entry point error was 1.03 mm (IQR 0.69-1.54). The median TP error was 2.26 mm (IQR 1.63-2.93). The mean angular error was 0.03 radians (IQR 0.02-0.05). There was no significant correlation between root mean square error and lead error. Root mean square error did not appreciably change over time, nor were there any significant changes in average angular, entry point, or TP error metrics.

CONCLUSION:

A novel, noninvasive, Leksell G frame–based fiducial attachment was developed, tested, and validated, facilitating O-arm–based stereotactic registration for sEEG. This simple innovation maintained an excellent accuracy and safety profile for sEEG procedures in epilepsy patients, with the added advantages of providing additional reference points for stereotactic registration, without requiring additional scalp incisions.
Resistance Exercise and Skeletal Muscle–Related Outcomes in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: KANG DONG-WOO , DAWSON JACQUELINE K. , BARNES OSCAR , WILSON REBEKAH L. , NORRIS MARY K. , GONZALO-ENCABO PAOLA , CHRISTOPHER CAMI N. , FICARRA SALVATORE , DIELI-CONWRIGHT CHRISTINA M.
Published: April 2024

Background

Skeletal muscle loss is prevalent throughout the cancer continuum and correlated with morbidity and mortality. Resistance exercise has been trialed to mitigate skeletal muscle loss. This systematic review summarizes and qualitatively synthesizes the effects of resistance exercise on muscle-related outcomes in adult cancer populations, including skeletal muscle mass, performance and muscle-related biomarkers.

Methods

The systematic review protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We searched electronic databases including AMED, CENTRAL, CINAHL, CIRRIE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PEDro, REHABDATA, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus from inception to December 2021. We included randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of resistance exercise on muscle-related outcomes in adult cancer populations. Interventions that involved any resistance exercise were included. Muscle-related outcomes were categorized as skeletal muscle mass (e.g., lean mass, appendicular muscle mass), muscle performance (e.g., muscle strength, physical function), and muscle-related biomarkers (e.g., muscle cells, metabolic/inflammatory markers). Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane ROB tool.

Results

A total of 102 studies from 101 randomized controlled trials were included. The majority of studies focused on breast cancer (46%) and those who completed treatment (43%). Resistance exercise interventions were largely 3–4 months long (48%), combined with aerobic exercise (56%), at a vigorous intensity (25%), and in-person/supervised settings (57%). Among the studies assessing muscle mass, performance, and biomarkers (n = 42, 83, and 22, respectively), resistance exercise interventions improved upper/lower body or appendicular muscle mass (67%–100%), muscle strength (61%–68%), and physical function (74%–100%). Most biomarkers did not show significant changes (75%–100%) or showed inconsistent results.

Conclusions

Generally, resistance exercise had positive effects on skeletal muscle mass and performance with no negative effects compared to controls. Our findings demonstrated that resistance exercise may be an effective strategy to attenuate deterioration or exert improvements in muscle mass and performance outcomes.
Η αξιοποίηση της συνδυασμένης μάθησης στη θρησκευτική αγωγή με αρωγό τις τεχνολογίες της πληροφορίας και των επικοινωνιών στην πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση
Authors: Καρακωσταντάκη Ευαγγελία
Published: April 2024

Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν να διερευνήσει την επίδραση των διδακτικών παρεμβάσεων μέσω της συνδυασμένης μάθησης με την βοήθεια των Τεχνολογιών της Πληροφορίας και των Επικοινωνιών (ΤΠΕ) στην Εκπαίδευση, όσον αφορά το μάθημα των Θρησκευτικών (ΜτΘ) και πιο συγκεκριμένα τη διδασκαλία των θεματικών ενοτήτων από το βιβλίο της Γ΄ Δημοτικού «Διηγήσεις από την Καινή Διαθήκη» και «Μέρες γιορτής των Χριστιανών». Το δείγμα που συμμετείχε ήταν δέκα τμήματα αυτούσια, ηλικίας 8 έως 9 ετών, της τρίτης τάξης του Δημοτικού σχολείου σε διαφορετικά σχολεία του νομού Ηρακλείου Κρήτης. Για τη διεξαγωγή της έρευνας χρησιμοποιήθηκε ποσοτικός σχεδιασμός και πιο συγκεκριμένα πειραματική έρευνα. Αυτό το δείγμα χωρίστηκε σε δύο ομάδες, τα πέντε τμήματα ήταν η πειραματική ομάδα και τα άλλα πέντε τμήματα η ομάδα ελέγχου. Η πειραματική ομάδα διδάχτηκε συνδυασμένες διδασκαλίες με τεχνολογικά μέσα, χρησιμοποιώντας τις ΤΠΕ ως αρωγό των διδασκαλιών. Από την άλλη, η ομάδα ελέγχου διδάχτηκε σύμφωνα με το πρόγραμμα σπουδών του Υπουργείου Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι υπήρξε βελτίωση στην κατανόηση του μαθήματος των Θρησκευτικών στην πειραματική ομάδα από την βελτίωση στην ομάδα ελέγχου. Επιπρόσθετα, τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η άποψη των μαθητών της πειραματικής ομάδας, διαφοροποιήθηκε αρκετά και πιο θετικά μετά τις διδακτικές παρεμβάσεις με ΤΠΕ. Αναφορικά με τις απόψεις των δασκάλων για τις ΤΠΕ τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι δάσκαλοι δεν ήταν ούτε υπέρ ούτε κατά.
A compilation of histidine kinase genes in the genome of a tissue macerating Pectobacterium brasiliense isolated from potato in South Africa
Authors: Otun Sarah Oluwatobi , Ntushelo Khayalethu
Published: April 2024

Background: A compilation of kinase genes of Pectobacterium brasilense is presented.  The genes were mined from a complete genome sequence of strain BD163 isolated from potato in Tshwane, South Africa.  This work is an effort to collate knowledge on P. brasiliense which has become a worldwide pathogen of potatoes and other vegetables such as tomato.  Histidine kinases of P. brasiliense can be targets of bacterial control agents to limit the growth, spread and pathogenicity of P. brasiliense. 

Methods: The whole genome sequence of strain BD163 of P. brasiliense deposited on www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov was downloaded and individual kinase genes were searched and listed with their properties, namely, locus tag, protein accession number and annotation. 

Conclusions: This is the only compilation of histidine kinase genes for P. brasiliense.
High-speed camera system for efficient monitoring of invasive plant species along roadways
Authors: Dyrmann Mads , Skovsen Søren Kelstrup , Christiansen Peter Hviid , Kragh Mikkel Fly , Mortensen Anders Krogh
Published: April 2024

Invasive plant species pose ecological threats to native ecosystems, particularly in areas adjacent to roadways, considering that roadways represent lengthy corridors through which invasive species can propagate. Traditional manual survey methods for monitoring invasive plants are labor-intensive and limited in coverage. This paper introduces a high-speed camera system, named CamAlien, designed to be mounted on vehicles for efficient invasive plant species monitoring along roadways. The camera system captures high-quality images at rapid intervals, to monitor the full roadside when following traffic speed. The system utilizes a global shutter sensor to reduce distortion and geotagging for precise localistion. The camera system makes it possible to collect extensive data sets, which can be used for a digital library of the invasive species and their locations, but also subsequent training of machine learning algorithms for automated species recognition.