bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coda
Authors: Hulden Vilja
Published: September 2023

The coda returns to the theme of democracy in the workplace raised in the introduction. It argues that the development of a more democratic workplace in the Progressive Era was hampered not just by employer activism but also by middle-class apprehensions about independent worker power. The coda notes that during the New Deal, the state became more responsive to labor, improving workers’ prospects for self-government; but this, too, depended on union strength—the state was never an impartial umpire. The coda links struggles at the workplace to broader democratic aspirations and their dependence on the existence of grassroots organizations with robust mechanisms for bottom-up influence and real societal power.
A Gathering Place
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

Chapter 3 examines placemaking via the creation of shared religious and recreational spaces during the 1940s to the 1970s. Mexican and Puerto Rican exclusion from all white recreational venues and the desire to have places of their own led them to create pan-Latino spaces. From dances to churches to festivals, as a numerical minority, Latinos learned to borrow spaces and use all available financial and human resources to provide venues for Latinos to gather and enjoy each other’s company. This period marks their first attempts to mitigate the discriminatory treatment they faced in Grand Rapids.
Needs of the Community
Authors: Fernández-Jones Delia
Published: September 2023

As chapter 5 shows, the successful fight to receive federal antipoverty money delivered the LAC much needed, albeit limited, resources to provide for the community during the early 1970s. Through an analysis of the Latin American Council’s social service offerings and cultural programming, this chapter argues that the LAC used their available resources in Latino community members, in relationships with non-Latinos, and in antipoverty funds to create social safety net for Latinos as well as a physical and intellectual site of belonging for Latinos in Grand Rapids.
Introduction
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

Pan Americanism, a congeries of economic, political, and cultural objectives that first peaked in the late-nineteenth century and on which Roosevelt based his Good Neighbor policy, was intended to sway Latin American countries flirting with Nazism. Arguing that Aaron Copland’s experience of Latin America goes well beyond his celebrated orchestral work El salón México, this chapter identifies lacunae in Copland scholarship, reviews existing scholarship on music and cultural diplomacy, and describes the political and cultural underpinnings of the various press sources to be interpreted. All impinge on our understanding of Copland’s Latin American critics and in some instances, challenge the composer’s widely accepted status as the affable face of musical Pan Americanism.
Copland in Chile
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

In Santiago, Copland met composer Domingo Santa Cruz who, both at home and in the United States, advanced the idea that Chilean music was fundamentally “occidental” (i.e., European). For Copland nearly all Chilean composers were too indebted to Europe, especially Pedro Humberto Allende, in whose music Copland sensed little more than a “Parisian veneer” and “lack of … vitality.” In an interview with the journalist and jazz enthusiast Pablo Garrido, Copland learned of the capital city’s thriving jazz scene. (Garrido also reported in the Chilean press on Copland’s left-wing activism of the 1930s.) Copland performed several of his works with the Orquesta Sinfónica de Chile, including his jazz-tinged piano concerto, which prompted one Chilean critic to reflect on jazz and its threat to “occidental” identity.
The Early Cold War
Authors: Hess Carol A.
Published: September 2023

In 1947, Copland returned to Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Now a superpower, the United States had begun to set its sights globally, leaving many Latin Americans feeling slighted. In Buenos Aires, Lincoln Portrait was applauded by supporters of Juan Domingo Perón (hardly a U.S. ally), and one critic panned Appalachian Spring for excessive folklorism. In Rio de Janeiro, Copland was distressed that many young composers were studying serialism with the German émigré Hans Joachim Koellreutter, which he considered a threat to national identity. In Montevideo, he honed his conducting skills. Copland also took in plenty of popular music, which he found superior to the academic music imported from Europe that many Latin American composers still favored.
Black Masculinity on Horseback
Authors: Mask Mia
Published: September 2023

Between 1966 and 1972, Sidney Poitier starred in ten films, two of which were westerns: Duel at Diablo (1966) and Buck and the Preacher (1972). Yet many people do not know that these films exist. These motion pictures were not merely star vehicles for the actor, who in 1967 was the most successful Hollywood leading man thanks to three releases (Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, To Sir with Love, and In the Heat of the Night). Both of Poitier’s westerns were meaningful stepping-stones in his career because they led him to make his directorial debut. Poitier was a fan of westerns from childhood onward. The chapter offers a close textual analysis of Duel at Diablo and Buck and the Preacher. Mainstream films and counter-cultural events provided the political and industrial contexts in which he worked. Poitier endeavored to make progressive political change at the level of cinematic ideology and workforce inclusivity.
T.O.B.A. Time
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

T.O.B.A. Time is a business and social history of the Theater Owners’ Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) and chronicles the institution’s significance to the 1920s American entertainment landscape. Between 1920 and 1931, T.O.B.A. was a theater circuit whose African American entertainers performed primarily for black audiences in the Midwest, South, and East Coast. Known to theater historians and fans of black musical theater, jazz, and blues, the circuit was lauded as a black entertainer training ground and decried by contracted performers as an acronym for “Tough on Black Artists” for its grueling pace and pay inequities. Prominent circuit entertainers included musicians, vocalists, and dancers, like Ma Rainey, Cab Calloway, Ethel Waters, Count Basie, and Sammy Davis Jr. This narrative institutional history explores the lived experiences of the circuit’s various stakeholders onstage and off, including managers and producers, entertainers, and audience members. The text’s scope ranges from the early debates on the sociopolitical significance of black entertainment in the early 1900s to the circuit’s decline during the 1930s Great Depression. Ultimately, T.O.B.A. served as an essential vehicle for the promotion and transmission of professional live African American entertainment across much of the segregated nation in the 1920s.
The Multiple Meanings of T.O.B.A.
Authors: Scott Michelle R.
Published: September 2023

Chapter four concentrates on Theater Owners’ Booking Association (T.O.B.A.)’s acts and uses the personal recollections of T.O.B.A. entertainers to investigate why being a theater entertainer was a coveted career. The section probes the meanings of “tough” on black actors. Despite auditions, rehearsals, segregated travel, racial violence, gender discrimination, and censorship battles, T.O.B.A. provided a foundation that sustained “show business crazy” entertainers. Black vaudevillians, like Cab Calloway, Butterbeans and Susie, or the Nicholas Brothers, endured the “tough” of T.O.B.A. because of its potential for fame, fortune, travel, and the “on the job” artistic training that, for African Americans, could not be found anywhere else in the nation.
A Racialized History of the Origins of American Socialism
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

The introduction takes as its point of departure the divide between internationalism and scientific racialism, the two main areas of opinion that animated the Socialist Labor Party (SLP)’s internal debate from 1876 to 1899. It establishes the importance of exploring ideas of race and class during the Gilded Age in the so far unexplored world of the national and local press published by the SLP. It contextualizes the book within the historiography on radicalism, whiteness, race, and ethnicity, explaining why a racialized history of the SLP contributes to a better understanding both of the history of socialism in the US and of Gilded Age ideas of race and class.
“Freedom for All”
Authors: Costaguta Lorenzo
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides a historical introduction on socialist ideas of race before the foundation of the Socialist Labor Party in 1876. Focusing on key German American socialist leaders, it argues that the Civil War was a crucial divide for the development of socialist racial thought. In the antebellum period, socialist abolitionism, rooted in an economic interpretation of slavery, led socialists to achieve prominence in the newborn Republican Party; conversely, after the war socialists lost their position of influence. This was due to the failure of Radical Reconstruction, the problems of the Northern white labor movement, and the inability of socialists to go past class-based conceptions of slavery. Between 1850 and 1876, socialists were builders, supporters, and finally victims of the ephemeral idea that the abolition of chattel slavery in the South could be a prelude to a new epoch of extended workers’ rights in the country.
Introduction
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

The introduction presents the main figures of the book and its argument on how these individuals changed Harvard football and challenged American social rankings. It contextualizes the book in the historical moment, outlines the challenges of New England culture, and draws on a pivotal and energetic moment--namely, the appointment of Arnold Horween as Harvard’s coach. The introduction establishes the broad theme of how outsiders--ethnically, culturally, and religiously--can influence the so-called mainstream.
Winning Isn’t Everything, but It Is Something
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter weaves together Bill Bingham’s arrival at Phillips Exeter Academy and the cultural underpinnings of that premier boarding school. It engages Bingham’s family background and how those around him interpreted his acceptance to Exeter as a fulfilment of a multigenerational American journey. By exploring Bingham’s running and academic career at Exeter, the section diagrams the role of sport and particularly football in socializing young men to elitist American norms and reveals how this culture transitioned many Exeter alumni to Harvard. With the support of a very fine reputation and lobbying by Exeter’s headmaster, Bingham gains a scholarship to Harvard College.
A “Member of the Hebrew Race” to Become Head Coach of Harvard?
Authors: Eleff Zev
Published: September 2023

This chapter tells the story of Bill Bingham’s rise to Harvard’s first athletic director and the immediate search for a new head football coach in 1926. The decision to part ways with Coach Bob Fisher represented a break with a Harvard tradition. This was a very public and contested search process. Eventually, Bingham campaigns to hire Arnold Horween. Detractors, however, insist that Horween is not Harvard material. He is a former professional athlete, has absorbed western ideas of football, and, worst of all, to their minds, is a Jew. Bingham hires Horween despite the objections. The new athletic director announces that the decision to hire Horween represents a change, removing football from the alumni and giving it back to the students.
COSTOS EN UNA CLINICA POLIVALENTE DE LA CIUDAD DE CÓRDOBA: UNIDAD OPERATIVA QUIRÓFANO
Authors: Puebla Micaela , Acosta Rocío Belén , Moresco Marcos Ariel , Gioino Silvia Ruth
Published: September 2023

Las instituciones de salud polivalentes cumplen un rol indispensable en el sistema de salud, por lo que es necesario garantizar que la asistencia brindada a los pacientes sea de calidad y soportada por procesos eficientes y replicables. Los sistemas de información en estas organizaciones aún no logran satisfacer oportunamente las necesidades crecientes de datos para la toma de decisiones. Con respecto al estudio de costos, no hay un acuerdo generalizado acerca de las metodologías a utilizar ni en la determinación del objeto de costos.El presente trabajo propone un modelo para el estudio, cálculo y proyección de los costos institucionales de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. El mismo, establece que el costo de la hora quirúrgica en el periodo de Mayo 2022 es de $20.049,22; utilizando como base los procesos que se realizan, la información contable y de gestión; y los servicios de apoyo que intervienen en la organización de la Unidad Operativa Quirófano.El modelo desarrollado intenta convertirse en una herramienta para la toma de decisiones generando estadísticas de costos confiables y proyecciones bajo distintos supuestos. En relación con el entorno, aporta información útil para comparar los valores de mercado y establecer valores mínimos de negociación con los financiadores.
Austeridad económica y autoritarismo político: El peor escenario posible para la democracia y los derechos
Authors: Dulce Fariñas María José
Published: September 2023

A principios de la década de los ochenta del siglo XX comienza a desarrollarse, especialmente en el mundo anglosajón,el debate académico sobre la globalización. Algo diferente nacía. Un nuevo proceso histórico estaba en marcha, cuyopunto de inflexión fue la revolución informática y la inteligencia artificial, que abrió el escenario mundial a momentosde crisis, cambios socioeconómicos y jurídicos, y tránsitos paradigmáticos, en los que todavía nos encontramos. Lairrupción de este proceso histórico ha ido cambiando algunas coordenadas básicas del mundo moderno. Se están viendoafectados los consensos básicos de las sociedades democráticas que han girado en torno a un equilibrio societario,político y jurídico entre la libertad y la igualdad, por una parte, y la libertad y la seguridad, por otra. Tenemos la certezade que desde comienzos del siglo XXI estamos perdiendo muchos de los elementos éticos y estéticos conquistadosdurante los siglos anteriores. La lógica del beneficio sin límite está destruyendo las bases de la solidaridad social y, loque es peor, del orden moral que lo sustentaba.
El enamoramiento tradicional en proceso de cambio en el distrito de Pilcuyo, Provincia El Collao - Puno
Authors: Apaza Jorge , Yucra Cano Luz Eleana , Machaca Mamani Néstor Richard , Ticona Alanoca Cesario
Published: September 2023

El propósito de la investigación es describir y explicar las características del proceso del enamoramiento como expresión cultural de los jóvenes en el distrito de Pilcuyo. El método etnográfico fue sustancial para el presente estudio, porque nos ha permitido recoger testimonios de los protagonistas, es decir el lenguaje de los pobladores aymaras. Como resultado se vislumbra la utilidad de mecanismos de carácter simbólico, como medios de comunicación para el deseado fin, como el espejo, tocar la quena cerca de la pretendida, uso de radio grabadora y la radio emisora, donde los jóvenes varones saludan a sus enamoradas. Las cartas han sido un medio a través de las cuales mostraban el interés y las frases amorosas. El encuentro cara a cara en las ferias locales y en las fiestas patronales de la zona. Luego por la influencia de la modernidad y las tecnologías de información y comunicación, el uso de celulares para llamar y enviar mensajes por WhatsApp a sus parejas.
La auto percepción de las madres solteras Adolescentes que participan del Programa Vaso de Leche de la ciudad de Puno
Authors: Maquera Maquera Yuselino , Apaza Gómez Fanny , Maquera Maquera Yolynda , Quispe Choque Alex Rodrigo , Quispe Choque Verónica Trinidad
Published: September 2023

Las madres que son al mismo tiempo padres, para esas mujeres que hacen cosas imposibles por sus hijos.  El objetivo fue entender y explicar la auto percepción del significado de ser madre adolescente y soltera de escasos recursos económicos que integran el Programa de Vaso de Leche de la Municipalidad Provincial de Puno.  Un estudio fenomenológico y de casos donde la madre soltera, desesperada, angustiada, que acceden a las estrategias de sobrevivencia, que no tuvo la decisión de abortar, y que decidió salir adelante. En el presente estudio, relataremos testimonios desgarradores sobre el significado de ser madre soltera adolescente. La Metodología corresponde al paradigma cualitativo, método etnográfico, la técnica historias de vida, los testimonios fueron procesados en atlas ti, con la representación de las unidades hermenéuticas. Los criterios de selección de la muestra: Adolescentes entre 15-18 años, focalizadas por el SISFOH, por la condición del embarazo, dejaron de estudiar, que no cuentan con el apoyo familiar, referente a familias monoparentales. Los hallazgos encontrados son la estigmatización de la soledad, la experiencia de ser madre soltera precoz, rechazo de su familia y actitudes de ser madre soltera, realmente es un problema de salud pública.
The Value of Proximity to External Amenities and Mountain Views in the Metropolitan Denver Residential Housing Market
Authors:   , Waldron Tabatha
Published: September 2023

This research examines how natural amenities, such as views of Colorado’s Front Range mountains and proximity to lakes, parks and recreational areas, as well as proximity to community amenities such as hospitals, active wastewater treatment plants, fire and a police stations impact residential housing prices in Adams, Arapahoe and Denver Counties using a hedonic pricing model. Views of the mountains produced the most impact on home sale value in 2000 followed by proximity to a lake of 250 feet. These results demonstrate the importance of environmental amenities to single-family home buyers and can be used to inform parties involved in the future development of the area.
Using a validated instrument to assess pregnancy planning and preconception care at antenatal booking visits: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Black Kirsten I , Dorney Edwina , Hall Jennifer A , Pelosi Marilena , Khan Saleem Ahmed , Cheney Kate
Published: September 2023

Objective

To determine the completion rate for the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP), a psychometrically validated measure of a woman's intention with regard to a current or recent pregnancy, during booking visits at two metropolitan antenatal care clinics; to identify socio‐demographic characteristics associated with unplanned pregnancy.

Design, setting, participants

Retrospective cohort study; analysis of LMUP data for women attending antenatal care booking consultations as public patients in the Sydney Local Health District, 31 December 2019 – 30 November 2020.

Main outcome measures

Proportions of women with LMUP scores indicating unplanned (0–9) or planned pregnancies (10–12); associations between planned pregnancy and socio‐demographic characteristics, crude and adjusted for age, parity, and socio‐economic status (Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage).

Results

Of 4993 women with antenatal care bookings, the LMUP was completed by 2385 (47.8%; 1142 of 3564 women at the tertiary referral hospital [32.0%], 1118 of 1160 at the secondary hospital [96.3%]). Planned pregnancies were indicated by the total LMUP scores of 1684 women (70.6%); 1290 women (59.1%) reported no health actions in preparation for pregnancy. In multivariable analyses, planned pregnancies were more likely in all age groups than for women aged 24 years or younger (30–34 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–3.66; 35–39 years: aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.95–4.33). The likelihood of planned pregnancy declined with increasing parity (vno previous births: three previous births: aOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.16–0.40; four or more previous births: aOR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05–0.19).

Conclusion

Seven in ten women who completed the LMUP had planned their pregnancies, but fewer than half had undertaken health‐related actions prior to conceiving. Higher parity was associated with unplanned pregnancy, indicating the importance of postpartum contraception advice. Overcoming barriers to implementing the LMUP more widely would enhance preconception health monitoring.
THE ROLE OF PHYSIOTHERAPY METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TB PATIENTS
Authors:   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia,N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Komissarova O.G. , Abdullaev R.Yu. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Siraeva T.V. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2023

The review provides literature data on the use of physiotherapy methods in the complex treatment of pulmonary TB patients along with chemotherapy. The combination of the methods enables to increase treatment effectiveness by more rapid achievement of sputum conversion and cavity closure and, thus, shorten the inpatient phase of treatment. Positive effects of physiotherapy methods are achieved due to anti-inflammatory, desensitizing, bronchodilator, immunecorrective and other actions of physical factors used in phthisiology
FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND EVALUATION OF THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AT THE THIRD LEVEL OF MEDICAL CARE IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Kazan Federal (Volga region) University, Kazan, Russia, Vafina  A.R. , Vizel I.Yu. ,   Kazan Federal (Volga region) University, Kazan, Russia
Published: September 2023

Objective: to study the features of clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma (BA), factors influencing the course of BA, treatment effectiveness, and patient adherence to treatment. Materials and methods. In 2018–2020 we studied 458 BA patients. We conducted physical examination, analyzed case histories and previous treatment, assessed severity of the disease, patient compliance, and asthma control. Laboratory test results were obtained from medical records. Each patient underwent spirometry and the bronchodilator test. We used FAS and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5). Results. Severe course of the disease was observed in 74.5% (341) of patients, controlled asthma was only in 7% (32) of patients, and uncontrolled asthma – in 87.8% (402) of patients. Patient adherence to treatment was 52.6%. Spirometry rates were lower in patients with poor adherence to treatment: FVC – 45.6%, FEV1 – 70.5%. The patients who did not comply with the therapy regimen considered short-acting bronchodilators more effective – 16.6% (χ2 = 21.843; d.f. = 6; p = 0.001). Exacerbations occurred in 93.1% of patients with uncontrolled asthma. The intervals for peripheral blood eosinophil counts did not achieve statistically significant levels of conjunction by any criterion. Fatigue was detected in 83.2% (381) of patients. Conclusion. Our research has revealed the major factors of patient management, which lead to lower asthma control and poor adherence to treatment. Bronchial asthma due to its heterogeneity requires interaction of two professionals. Cooperative work of pulmonologists and allergologists results in optimal patient care, especially at the outpatient stage.
FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND ASSESSMENT OF ONGOING THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE ON THE THIRD LEVEL OF MEDICAL CARE IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia, Salakhova  I.N. , Vizel I.Yu. ,   Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
Published: September 2023

Objective: to identify clinical data and treatment methods for COPD patients on the third level of medical care, and assess their correlations with exacerbations, the fatigue syndrome, and patient adherence to treatment. Materials and methods. We examined 330 patients with diagnosed COPD. We collected case records, assessed drugs and routes of administration, established results of clinical and laboratory studies, smoking status, and compliance. Results. GOLD-III and type D spirometry disorders prevailed. Frequent exacerbations were typical for patients with high mMRC and CAT scores and low FEV1 values. The proportion of adherent patients was 29.4%. Patients with frequent exacerbations, decreased FEV1, and pronounced symptoms were more adherent to treatment. COPD patients received short-acting bronchodilators (85.5%), ICS/LABA (54.5%), and dual long-acting bronchodilators (18.8%). The fatigue syndrome was established using the FAS questionnaire in 61.9% of patients. Patients with significant levels of fatigue were predominantly of the older age, often with FEV1 of 50% or less of the due value, more pronounced clinical symptoms by the CAT and mMRC scale, two or more exacerbation episodes, and concomitant diseases. Conclusion. COPD patients treated on the third level had lower adherence to treatment, poor skills in inhalation technique and control, and they excessively used short-acting bronchodilators. The present study confirmed the expediency of simultaneous use of two classifications of COPD and the necessity to assess fatigue levels during management of COPD patients.
THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUALS WITH INFILTRATIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors:   Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia, Vasilenko T.D. , Smirnov N.V ,   Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia, Lebedev I.Yu. ,   Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia, Novikova S.N. ,   Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia, Lebedev Yu.I. ,   Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
Published: September 2023

In order to improve psychological assistance to male patients with newly diagnosed infiltrative pulmonary TB we studied associations between patient adherence to treatment and personal features of these patients. We supplemented a standard clinical study of hospitalized patients with the author’s method of screening of patient adherence (Lebedev Yu.I. et al., patent no. RU2611398C1). Its results were matched to psychological personal features of 62 male patients with infiltrative pulmonary TB at the time of diagnosis. We established that negative associations between patient adherence and such features as tension, confrontation, distancing, escape-avoidance, aggression, hostility, and negativism might be considered as predictors of unfavourable course of TB and should be targets for psychological impact during treatment. On the other hand, positive associations between patient adherence and such coping strategies as decision-making, positive reassessment, general internality, and the indicators of health, mood, and resilience might be considered as positive predictive signs.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF PULMONARY TB PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOLERANCE TO TB DRUGS
Authors:   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Zolotova  N.V. , Kharitonova N.Yu. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Streltsov V.V ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Baranova G.V. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Komissarova O.G. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Published: September 2023

Objective: a comparative study of psychological features of patients with different types of tolerance to TB chemotherapy. Materials and methods. We studied psychological features of 68 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB aged 34.0 ± 10.1 years, out of them were 53 female (77.9%) and 15 male (22.1%) patients. Psychological features and life quality was studied before TB chemotherapy using the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) and the SF-36 questionnaire. Tolerance to TB drugs was assessed by the attending physician using standard clinical and laboratory studies. Results. Adverse reactions to TB drugs were observed in 52 out of 68 patients (76.5%), and 16 patients (23.5%) had satisfactory tolerance to TB drugs. Different psychological disorders were diagnosed in 25 out of 68 patients (36.8%), a positive psychological status was observed in 43 out of 68 patients (63.2%). The matching of psychological features and TB drug tolerance revealed that patients with the positive psychological status prevailed in the group without adverse reactions to TB drugs as compared to those with adverse reactions (87.5% vs 55.8%, р < 0.01). The number of patients with the negative psychological status in the first group was significantly less as compared to the group with adverse reactions (12.5% vs 44.2%, р < 0.01). The level of physical, emotional functions, life activity, and mental health was significantly lower in patients with adverse reactions. Conclusion. The present study has demonstrated psychological aspects of tolerance to TB drug. Patients with the negative psychological status should be referred to the potential risk group for adverse reactions to TB drugs. The complex of basic therapeutic activities for this category of patients should include psychological rehabilitation aimed to recover psychological resources and adaption potential of the personality
Die Real-Utopie soziokratischer und demokratischer Wirtschaftsorganisationen – Ergebnisse einer qualitativ-explorativen Untersuchung
Authors: Kalff Yannick
Published: September 2023

Soziokratische und demokratische Organisationen sind Real-Utopien, die umfassende Entscheidungs- und Gestaltungskompetenzen in die Hände aller Beschäftigter legen. Der Artikel fragt anhand der Ergebnisse einer qualitativ-explorativen Studie mit 13 Expert:innen- und Beschäftigteninterviews, wie das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Realität und Utopie praktisch aufgelöst wird. Die Beschäftigten betreiben durch Selbstorganisation commoning und gestalten Strukturen, Regeln und Prozesse reflexiv nach ihren Bedürfnissen. Organisation wird zum Commons, das von allen Beschäftigten genutzt wird und ihre Tätigkeiten rahmt. Das Konzept der Real-Utopie verdeutlicht, dass neben progressiven Erwartungen auch reale Bedingungen und Grenzen reflexiv gelöst werden müssen.
Religiöse Impulse und weltlicher Pragmatismus – Zur Verkettung von Transformationsmechanismen am Beispiel von Bio-Lebensmitteln
Authors: Gruber Sabine
Published: September 2023

Woher kommen wirkungsvolle Impulse für eine gesellschaftliche Transformation? Der erste Gedanke fällt heutzutage wahrscheinlich nicht auf die Religion. Anhand der Verbreitung von Bio-Lebensmitteln wird jedoch nachgewiesen, dass die Anthroposophie ein wichtiger Impulsgeber ist. Für die Verbreitung der neuen Produktionsweise ist wiederum weltlicher Pragmatismus erforderlich. Denn einen wichtigen Beitrag leistet die Vereinfachung der Handhabung. Sie stellt einen zentralen Transformationsmechanismus dar, sofern sie den Bio-Standard nicht zu sehr verwässert. Der Prozess wird als vielschichtig mit verzahnten Mechanismen dargestellt. Eine besondere Stellung nimmt die Solidarische Landwirtschaft als reale Utopie ein.
Kunqu Institutions, Practitioners, Terminology, and Theories
Authors: Lam Joseph S. C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces kunqu institutions, practitioners, their discursive keywords, and international theories for examining the genre in twenty-first-century contexts. Currently, there are eight state/city supported kunqu troupes in mainland China, each of which presents shows on a regular basis, and operates with a large staff of librettists, composers, actor-singers, instrumentalists, make-up and costume artists, sound and light designers, and other production specialists. Many semi-professional troupes and amateur institutions operating inside and/or outside mainland China mount kunqu shows, entertaining themselves and their audience. Kunqu performers and audience actively communicate with one another, expressing their views with an insider’s vocabulary. Its keywords and tropes, like qingchun dianya (being youthful, cultivated, charming and productive) and yanhuole (bringing characters alive on stage), encapsulate kunqu aesthetics, social-political functions, production goals, performance values, and appreciation paradigms. When they are theoretically defined and nuanced with international theories on world cultures and performing arts, the keywords and tropes constitute practical paradigms for examining kunqu performance and discourse.
Kunqu
Authors: Lam Joseph S. C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses Chinese idealization of kunqu as a heavenly opera, explains its virtuoso performance practices and materials, and analyzes three scenes from the Palace of Everlasting Life (Changsheng dian) as representative shows of kunqu performance and expressive excellence. Kunqu practitioners cherish the genre for its dramatic telling of Chinese stories and for its actor-singers’ dedicated pursuit of performative excellence. Continuously, they fine-tune their creative skills of writing literary libretti, composing and performing ornate vocal and instrumental music, choreographing visually elegant and kinetically informative shenduan (bodily actions/dances), designing dramatically meaningful make-up and costumes and stage props, and promoting the genre with verifiable facts and promotional claims. A prime example of kunqu expressive and performative excellence is Hong Sheng’s (1645-1704) Palace of Everlasting Life (Changshendian) and its many stage realizations. Since its premiere in 1688, three scenes of the opera have been popularly staged as masterpieces of kunqu performance and expression—all three are comprehensively analyzed in this chapter.
Kunqu Lives, Dreams, Documents, and Character Models
Authors: Lam Joseph S. C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter introduces kunqu resources, artistic genealogies, and characters derived from fictional and/or historical Chinese personages. Kunqu operas and their compositional and performance practices and materials are orally transmitted from mentors to disciples, and/or profusely documented by verbal writings, paintings, and other material objects. As a result, kunqu embodies and is defined by dynamic interactions among individualistic practitioners, continuous artistic genealogies, canonized repertory, codified performance practices and materials, preserved material objects, and writings on idealistic aesthetics and technical prescriptions. To understand kunqu as an expression of Chinese lives and dreams as culturally and historically constructed and transmitted, one only needs to contrast popular kunqu stories and characters with what one can trace from performers’ artistic genealogies and learn from the genre’s historical sources of performance scripts, notated sources, visual illustrations, material evidence, and theoretical treatises. Boundaries separating kunqu practitioners’ life experiences and the dramatic shows that they stage are permeable, a fact that this chapter’s analyses of several culturally and historically representative kunqu scenes attest..
Kunqu Operations
Authors: Lam Joseph S. C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents twenty-first-century kunqu not as a national and unified phenomenon but as a conglomerate of regional institutions and competing stakeholders. To mount artistically and commercially successful shows, kunqu practitioners have to operate in yuescapes, namely dynamic times and sites that shape and are shaped by stakeholders’ artistic talents, social-political identities, performance agendas and contexts, and access to nationally and locally available resources. In these yuescapes, such as those found in the cities of Suzhou and Taipei, and in mainland China as a nation, localized kunqu operations would produce unique shows, such as the 1699 Peach Blossom Fan that Shengkun of Nanjing premiered in 2006. Featuring the troupe’s young and handsome actor-singers who don spectacular costumes tailor-made by Nanjing clothing shops, the show tells a love story that took place in Nanjing while Ming China (1368-1644) collapsed. As such, the show makes a revealing manifesto on not only kunqu operations and products, but also Nanjing as a historical and contemporary site of Chinese lives and dreams..
Kunqu as Yue Performance and Discourse
Authors: Lam Joseph S. C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines debates about kunqu instrumental music: what it was, is, or should be, and how it can be played with traditional and/or modernized Chinese, or even Western, musical instruments, generating sounds that are representative of kunqu aesthetics and performance practices. There are no simple answers to the questions, because kunqu instrumental music has continuously evolved since Ming and Qing China, and because arguments about the music have become entangled with diverse historical facts and competing social-political agendas. Debates about kunqu instrumental music can, however, be meaningfully examined with the hypothetical categories of contemporary and traditional kunqu instrumental musics, and analytical method of yue performance and discourse with which kunqu practitioners compose, perform, interpret, and negotiate their works in specific yuescapes, advancing personalized agendas. To illustrate this phenomenon, this chapter comparatively analyses the sounds of four different renditions of the “Dark Silk Robe” (“Zaoluopao”), a kunqu composition that defines the “Dreaming; Strolling” (“Youyuan jingmeng”) scene of the Peony Pavilion.
A Contemporary History of the Chinese Zheng
Authors: Silverberg Ann L.
Published: September 2023

A Contemporary History of the Chinese Zheng traces the twentieth- and twenty-first-century development of an important Chinese musical instrument in greater China. The zheng was transformed over the course of the twentieth century, gaining an identity as primarily a solo instrument with virtuosic capacity. In the past, the zheng had most typically appeared in small instrumental ensembles and supplied improvised accompaniments to song. Zheng music became a means of nation-building, and was eventually promoted as a marker of Chinese identity in Hong Kong. Ann L. Silverberg uses evidence from the greater China area to show how the narrative history of the zheng created on the mainland did not represent zheng music as it had been in the past. Silverberg ultimately argues that the zheng’s older repertory was poorly represented by efforts to collect and promote zheng music in the twentieth century. This book contends that the restored “traditional Chinese music” created and promulgated from the 1920s forward—and solo zheng music in particular—is a hybrid of “Chinese essence, Western means” that essentially obscures rather than reveals tradition.
The Zheng in Hong Kong, 1949–1979
Authors: Silverberg Ann L.
Published: September 2023

The zheng was present in Hong Kong by the early decades of the twentieth century. It was played by musicians such as Dou Wun, a blind man from Guangzhou who specialized in singing naamyam while accompanying himself with the zheng and clappers. Many Chinese came to Hong Kong from surrounding areas; the British colony was also a sanctuary for refugees fleeing war zones and economic hardship. After the Second World War, the zheng and its music became more prominent and the instrument was promoted as a marker of Chinese culture on Hong Kong radio and television. Dou Wun and Chen Lei-shi (also known as Louis Chen) were among the musicians who contributed to these broadcasts. So Chun-bo and Choi Ngar-si are among the zheng experts who performed, recorded, assembled pedagogical materials, and established zheng teaching studios with associated zheng ensembles in Hong Kong.
Working the System
Authors: He Qiliang
Published: September 2023

This book focuses on a pantheon of preeminent Shanghai-based filmmakers to investigate the making of the new citizenry in Mao-era China (1949-1976). Their checkered careers and stressful personal experiences in post-1949 China provided compelling case studies on how individuals’ subjectivities took shape under a new sociopolitical system. While the existing scholarship on the state-artists relationship tends to underscore the artists’ accommodation of and/or resistance to the Party-state’s domination, the present book argues that the resistance/accommodation binary was oftentimes retrospective constructions and, therefore, differed markedly from those filmmakers’ lived experiences during the early years of the PRC. Rather than offering another historical account of the filmmakers’ self-conscious embracing of the Party’s ideologies or bitter struggles with them, hence, this study examines how the volatile political situations and unstable Party policies in Mao’s China contributed to creating, maintaining, and adjusting those film directors’ newfound subjectivities in Mao’s China.
“Putting New Wine into Old Bottles”
Authors: He Qiliang
Published: September 2023

This chapter centers on Sun Yu (1900-1990), a seasoned director whose film career peaked as early as the 1930s. In post-1949 China, Sun Yu made great efforts to revitalize his career by producing a few movies but hardly won the acclaim of the Party authorities. This chapter focuses on Sun Yu’s only color film in his long career, Braving the Wind and Waves (1957), to highlight his recourse to his familiar filmic technique that invoked the image of the female body to metaphorize the fate of the nation. Hence, director Sun Yu brought back his interpretation of the connectedness between women and the Chinese nation in his 1934 film Queen of Sports. However, Sun’s strategy of “putting new wine into old bottles” could hardly convince the political authorities and fell short of helping him reestablish his status as a star filmmaker.
Conclusion
Authors: He Qiliang
Published: September 2023

This chapter wraps up the entire book by discussing the “double meaning” of an individual’s subjectivity—namely a person as “free agent, instigator of its activity” and as someone “subject to political rule.” Hence, the filmmakers’ quest for their subjectivities in post-1949 China and their subjection to the Party-state in Mao-era China were implicated in each other in an irreducible way, as two sides of the same coin. This chapter thus points out that memoirists and (auto)biographers in post-Cultural Revolution China tended to portray them as victims or even martyrs in Mao-era China. Such retrospectively constructed “facts” usually deviated from the lived experiences of those film directors. As a matter of fact, filmmakers strove to turn their public services into their private gains but still managed to toe the Party lines in their filmmaking activities. Those two were not mutually contradictory. Instead, the intertwining of the two constituted the very essence of those filmmakers’ everyday life in Mao-era China, and it is futile to disentangle the two. By resorting to their most essential and most skillful subjectivizing practice—that is, filmmaking—the filmmakers tried their best to work the system to maximize the benefits and minimize the damages.
Queer Vocals and Stardom on Chinese TV
Authors: Jiang Linshan
Published: September 2023

Chapter 7 offers a critical reading of gendered representations of and self-performances by Wu Tsing-Fong from Taiwan and Zhou Shen from mainland China—two Chinese-speaking pop singers—on TV. Both Wu and Zhou possess “androgynous” voices as male singers. Although their appearances and personalities correspond to popular inter-Asian imageries of “soft masculinity,” the author argues that their vocal queerness further destabilizes the mainstream’s assumed univocal masculinity and adds to the diversity of male gender subject positions. Her examination focuses on the two singers’ negotiations with the state and the market based on their queer masculinities within the dissimilar social-political environments and gendered histories of mainland China and Taiwan. She argues that Wu and Zhou continue to seek room for existence between sissyphobia, homophobia, transphobia, and voyeurism on Chinese-language TV. As they gain popularity and find a broad audience in the Chinese-language mainstream media and public spaces, Wu and Zhou not only maintain queer voices and personae but also form affective bonds with audiences to elicit queer sociocultural transformation.
Gay Men in/and Kangsi Coming
Authors: Zhou Oscar Tianyang
Published: September 2023

Chapter 8 analyzes the ways in which gay men are (mis)represented on Chinese-language entertainment TV. The author interrogates two dominant gay types represented in two top-rated Mandarin talk shows—Kangsi Coming and U Can U Bib—namely, the “sissy” and the “macho,” which both signify a gay male subject and object of desire. He suggests that media representations play a crucial role in establishing cultural understanding of what it means to be gay in Taiwan and mainland China today. Zhou points out that the televised gay representations in question promise to enhance the visibility of gay men in the Chinese-speaking world. Yet, when gay visibility and cultural practices become good business prospects in a digital age, they also create and sustain disappointing stereotypes and hierarchies in TV representations.
Experiences Related to the Injection of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rahmatian Aryoobarzan , Jamshidbeigi Yousef , Molavi Ali , Salimi Ebrahim
Published: September 2023

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common debilitating chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Compared to the general population, MS patients are at a higher risk of contracting various diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the challenges related to the injection of COVID-19 vaccines in people with MS. Methods: In this qualitative research that was conducted on patients with MS, the data were collected in a secure environment through semi-structured interviews. We continued the interviews until data saturation, which was reached after 10 interviews, but 2 more interviews were conducted to make sure of data saturation. The duration of each interview was 30 - 45 minutes, depending on each patient's condition. The data were managed in MAXQDA 10. Results: Of the participants, 66% were female, and the average age of the patients was 47 years. After analyzing the interviews, 4 main categories and 19 subcategories were extracted: mental concerns (hearing rumors, hearing news of death due to COVID-19, worrying about the unknowns of new vaccines, and worrying about side effects and treatment interactions), quarantine suffering (movement complications, depression, weak immune system, social distancing, and compliance with health protocols), educational resources (doctors, clinic staff, national media, cyberspace, and family) and personal experiences (effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, reduction of symptoms compared to unvaccinated people, and having no complications). Conclusions: It is essential to take measures to decrease the existing challenges. For example, the patients were afraid of drug interactions and the lack of full understanding of the disease by doctors. In general, they had many questions, while they did not know a reliable source of information. They chose doctors as the most reliable source; this choice shows the importance and capacity of the doctor's position in relation to vaccination, which can be used to explain and promote vaccination in schools, offices, factories, and other parts of society. Besides, in relation to research on new diseases, a task force should be formed for each disease, and the mutual impacts of diseases and their drug interactions should be investigated; in this way, fewer concerns and problems arise during vaccination and treatment.