bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deleuzoguattarian place marketing: becoming, between, beneath and beyond
Authors: Coffin Jack
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the work of Deleuze and Guattari can help place marketers to think differently about places and place brands.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper that draws together a range of resources to develop a Deleuzoguattarian approach to place marketing.

Findings

Deleuzoguattarian thinking helps place marketers to reconceptualise places as “becomings”, which in turn encourages them to look between, beneath and beyond their usual foci. The Deleuzoguattarian spirit of critical-creativity is also noted, encouraging readers to develop the ideas presented here in new directions.

Research limitations/implications

This paper expands the epistemological imagination of place marketing scholars to consider the places between their place brands, the subconscious influences beneath the surface of salience and phenomena beyond the anthroposcale of everyday experience. This enriches existing conceptualisations and extends place marketing with several new areas of enquiry that can be empirically elaborated through future research.

Practical implications

This paper helps place marketing practitioners to consider and respond to the flows of matter–energy that influence their place brands between, beneath and beyond their intentional management practices.

Social implications

This paper develops critical schools of thought within the place marketing literature, providing some suggestions about how to develop and manage more inclusive place brands. This may also have implications for activists and others seeking societal improvements.

Originality/value

This paper develops a Deleuzoguattarian approach to place marketing, stimulating new lines of inquiry and experimental practices.
Reliving the Terror: Victims and Print Culture during the Thermidorian Reaction in France, 1794–1795
Authors: FAIRFAX‐CHOLMELEY ALEX
Published: October 2019

This article analyses the Thermidorian Reaction in France (1794–5), a period when the country and its inhabitants were struggling to deal with the violent legacy of the Terror of the preceding eighteen months. Beginning with the immediate aftermath of the fall of Maximilien Robespierre on 9 Thermidor Year II/27 July 1794, it offers a fresh perspective on this troubled period by focusing on victims of the Terror (both the dead and the living). A lively print culture emerged in which both individual victims and affected communities sought to reframe their past experiences to their own benefit, in particular via campaigns of rehabilitation. They also engaged in acts of denunciation which provided another link back into the Terrorist past. Collectively, these printed outputs and the methods by which they were constructed provide a useful parallel to more well‐known developments on the national stage, where politicians were also grappling with the challenges left by the Terror.
An Analysis of the Published Literature on the Effects of Edible Coatings Formed by Polysaccharides and Essential Oils on Postharvest Microbial Control and Overall Quality of Fruit
Authors: de Souza Evandro L. , Lundgren Giovanna A. , de Oliveira Kataryne Á. R. , Berger Lúcia R. R. , Magnani Marciane
Published: October 2019

Consumers have shown increased concern about the importance of adopting regular fresh fruit consumption. Because fresh fruit are highly susceptible to postharvest decay, several studies have focused on the development of alternative technologies to extend their market period. The application of polysaccharides in combination with essential oils (EOs) to formulate edible coatings has been considered an innovative strategy to reduce postharvest losses in fruit. However, available studies have used different methodological procedures related to the production and application of these coatings on fruit, which could be potential influential factors on the achievement of the desired effects in coated fruit. This review summarized the studies focusing on the application of edible coatings formed by polysaccharides and EOs to preserve fruit, in addition to examine and discuss possible factors affecting their functionalities. The approach given in this review envisages to contribute to research in edible coatings formed by polysaccharides and EOs and help to their optimized application as a postharvest treatment of fruit. Despite of the different methods selected for use in experimental assays, data of available literature demonstrate that coatings formed by polysaccharides (that is, chitosan—the only polysaccharide used as an antimicrobial, cassava starch, flaxseed gum, gum arabic, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, locust bean gum, mesquite gum, pectin, pullulan, and sodium alginate) and different EOs (or their individual constituents) are effective to reduce postharvest losses in fruit and generally do not adversely affected their physicochemical and sensory characteristics during storage.
Combining Ionizing Irradiation and Ultrasound Technologies: Effect on Beans Hydration and Germination
Authors: Miano Alberto Claudio , Sabadoti Viviane Deroldo , Augusto Pedro Esteves Duarte
Published: October 2019

The present work studied, for the first time, the effect of two technologies on the hydration and germination process of beans: ionizing irradiation and ultrasound. In addition, this work proposed a possible biological effect of ultrasound to describe its effect on grain hydration. Carioca beans were irradiated at doses of 2.3 and 3.8 kGy using γ‐rays, establishing different metabolic activities for the beans. Then, they were hydrated with and without the ultrasound technology (91 W/L and 25 kHz) at 25 °C. Both the hydration and germination kinetics were evaluated considering the application of both technologies alone and in combination. As results, irradiation did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) the hydration rate, the equilibrium moisture, or the lag phase time, but ultrasound affected them, reducing 50% of the processing time. On the other hand, only the equilibrium moisture was slightly reduced by the interactive effect of irradiation and ultrasound technology, which was discussed based on different metabolism levels. Furthermore, the germination process of carioca bean was hindered by both the studied variables, reducing its germination capacity to 0% in some cases. Therefore, by studying the effect of ultrasound on beans with different active metabolism (due to different irradiation doses), it was suggested that both physical and biological mechanisms are involved during hydration process and that both can be affected by ultrasound. Further, irradiation could be used on carioca beans with objectives such as avoid germination, insects, and microorganism's growth, without an important effect on the hydration kinetics.

Practical Application

Ultrasound technology has demonstrated to accelerate the soaking process of several legume grains. However, sometimes, grains are irradiated for disinfestation purpose to improve their shelf life. Indeed, irradiation can change the grain properties as the cooking time, hydration time, and germination capacity. Therefore, this work verified if irradiation changes the desirable effect of ultrasound on grain processing: soaking and germination. Moreover, this work novelty is also based on describing the phenomena: by proposing a possible biological effect, further approaches to improve the grain processing can be achieved.
ALK‐positive lung cancer diagnosed with abdominal lymph nodes in a patient receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Song Sung H. , Ryu Ji W. , Jwa Hye Y. , Ha Chang W. , Kim Hyun , Jo Jae M. , Han Sang H.
Published: October 2019

There is little consensus in the literature about the administration of crizotinib in patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis. A 69‐year‐old male patient, who was receiving regular hemodialysis due to end‐stage renal disease, visited the hospital with symptoms of repeated abdominal pain. There was no suspicious finding of cancer within the thorax. After biopsy, the abdominal lymph nodes were identified as adenocarcinoma originating from the lung following computed tomography (CT) scan, and ALK rearrangement was confirmed. The patient achieved a partial response following the administration of crizotinib, although treatment was discontinued because of unknown cholestasis. Overall survival was eight months. Although crizotinib has clear efficacy in patients with ALK‐positive lung cancer with end‐stage renal disease, the optimal dose of crizotinib should be identified in patients receiving regular hemodialysis.
Brain anatomy of two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus, Linnaeus, 1758): A comparative gross anatomical study of extant xenarthrans
Authors: Freitas Letícia Menezes , dos Santos Odeony Paulo , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto , de Melo Fabiano Rodrigues , Silveira Leandro , Jácomo Anah Tereza de Almeida , Pereira Kleber Fernando , Lima Fabiano Campos
Published: October 2019

The neural system plays an important role in understanding some features of animals. Anatomical complexity correlates with the increase of functional capacity. Xenarthrans include anteaters (Vermilingua), armadillos (Cingulata) and sloths (Folivora). This group is the base of eutherian mammals, and understanding the anatomy of its neural system could provide data for functional and evolutionary interpretations. The gross anatomy of the xenarthran brain is recorded. Four extant families of Pilosa and two families of Cingulata were sampled. Usual dissection procedures were used, and the brains were analysed macroscopically. The brain of two‐toed sloth, three‐toed sloth, six‐banded armadillo, giant anteater and collared anteater are gyrencephalic. Pygmy anteater, nine‐banded armadillo, great long‐nosed armadillo, southern naked‐tailed armadillo and giant armadillo are lissencephalic. In most species, the rhinal fissure presents two segments, rostral and caudal (except in Vermilingua and three‐toed sloth). The diencephalon and brainstem present similar anatomy. The cerebellum is wide and presents four lobes (rostral, central, caudal and floccular). Its average volume is 12.16% (Folivora), 14.26% (Vermilingua) and 18.61% (Cingulata). Among these groups, there is a statistical difference between Folivora/Cingulata concerning the cerebellum average. The general pattern of the brain of the xenarthrans is similar to that of other mammals.
The emergence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Tada Toshifumi , Yasuda Satoshi , Mizuno Kazuyuki , Sone Yasuhiro , Kaneoka Yuji , Maeda Atsuyuki , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko , Kumada Takashi
Published: October 2019

Background

Intrahepatic non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules (NHHNs) detected during the hepatobiliary phase of gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB‐MRI) have the potential to transition into typical hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the incidence and risk factors for the emergence of these nodules in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are unknown.

Aim

To investigate the incidence and risk factors for NHHNs in patients with chronic HCV infection in a longitudinal follow‐up study

Methods

EOB‐MRI was performed in 608 patients with chronic HCV infection and no history of HCC. The characteristics of patients with and without NHHNs were compared. In patients without NHHNs at baseline, the incidence of NHHN emergence and associated risk factors were analysed.

Results

NHHNs were detected at baseline in 93 of 608 patients (15.3%). Among 515 patients without NHHNs at baseline, the 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year incidence of NHHN emergence was 1.8%, 9.8% and 16.4%, respectively. Only FIB‐4 index was independently associated with the emergence of NHHNs in multivariate analyses. Whereas NHHNs emerged in 24.1% of patients with FIB‐4 index ≥ 3.25 at 5 years, none emerged in patients with FIB‐4 index < 1.45.

Conclusion

In patients with chronic HCV infection, advanced liver fibrosis is an important risk factor for the presence or emergence of NHHNs.
Chlamydial infection and on‐farm risk factors in dairy cattle herds in South East Queensland
Authors: Anstey SI , Quigley BL , Polkinghorne A , Jelocnik M
Published: October 2019

Chlamydial infections in dairy cattle are common and have been sporadically associated with reduced performance and severe disease manifestations. While chlamydial infections are well described in sheep, very little is known about the epidemiology of these infections in dairy cattle in Australia. In this study, we screened for chlamydial infections and assessed on‐farm risks in dairy cattle herds from Southeast Queensland (SE Qld) region of Australia.

In total, 228 paired vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from 114 visually healthy dairy cows from four farms in SE Qld. Risk factors were rated by observational study and included: hygiene and cleanliness of cows, walkway and parlour, incidence of perinatal mortality, external replacements, mode of breeding, calving pen management, heat reduction strategies, and feed ration usage.

Testing for chlamydial pathogens (Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia abortus) was done using species‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Detected rates of chlamydial infection were evaluated against the on‐farm risk factors.

C. pecorum infection was widespread in all four farms, with 56.1% (64/114) of individual animals shedding this organism from vaginal and rectal, or both sites. C. abortus and C. psittaci were not detected in any animals. No association was found to exist with risk factors and C. pecorum infection rates in our study, however the number of Chlamydia positive animals was statistically different between the herds.

This study suggests that subclinical chlamydial infections may impact on dairy herd health at the production level rather than affecting individual animal.
TP53 mutations and relevance of expression of TP53 pathway genes in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Cucchi David G. J. , Bachas Costa , Klein Kim , Huttenhuis Sander , Zwaan Christian M. , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Janssen Jeroen M. W. M. , Kaspers Gertjan L. , Cloos Jacqueline
Published: October 2019

Limited data are available on the incidence and impact of TP53 alterations and TP53 pathway deregulation in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We analysed TP53 alterations in bone marrow samples of 229 patients with de novo paediatric AML, and detected heterozygous missense exon mutations in two patients (1%) and 17p deletions of the TP53 gene in four patients (2%). These patients more frequently had complex karyotype (50% vs. 4%, P = 0·002) or adverse cytogenetic abnormalities, including complex karyotype (67% vs. 17%, P = 0·013), compared to TP53 wild‐type. Differential expression of TP53 pathway genes was associated with poor survival, indicating a role for TP53 regulators and effector genes.
Beyond Dyadic Coordination: Multimodal Behavioral Irregularity in Triads Predicts Facets of Collaborative Problem Solving
Authors: Amon Mary Jean , Vrzakova Hana , D'Mello Sidney K.
Published: October 2019

We hypothesize that effective collaboration is facilitated when individuals and environmental components form a synergy where they work together and regulate one another to produce stable patterns of behavior, or regularity, as well as adaptively reorganize to form new behaviors, or irregularity. We tested this hypothesis in a study with 32 triads who collaboratively solved a challenging visual computer programming task for 20 min following an introductory warm‐up phase. Multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis was used to examine fine‐grained (i.e., every 10 s) collective patterns of regularity across team members' speech rate, body movement, and team interaction with the shared user interface. We found that teams exhibited significant patterns of regularity as compared to shuffled baselines, but there were no systematic trends in regularity across time. We also found that periods of regularity were associated with a reduction in overall behavior. Notably, the production of irregular behavior predicted expert‐coded metrics of collaborative activity, such as teams' ability to construct shared knowledge and effectively negotiate and coordinate execution of solutions, net of overall behavioral production and behavioral self‐similarity. Our findings support the theory that groups can interact to form interpersonal synergies and indicate that information about system‐level dynamics is a viable way to understand and predict effective collaborative processes.
Diffuse dermal angiomatosis associated with calciphylaxis: A 5‐year retrospective institutional review
Authors: O'Connor Heather M. , Wu Qiong , Lauzon Steven D. , Forcucci Jessica A.
Published: October 2019

Background

Although diffuse dermal angiomatosis (DDA), a rare acquired reactive cutaneous vascular disorder, has been previously reported in association with calciphylaxis (CP), the clinical significance of this relationship has not yet been elucidated.

Methods

A total of 24 cases of CP diagnosed from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of associated DDA. Pertinent clinical information for each patient was also collected, and statistical analysis was performed using multivariable logistic regression, Student t test and Fisher exact test.

Results

African American race and comorbid congestive heart failure were the only variables that demonstrated independent, statistically significant association with the presence of DDA. End‐stage renal failure, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppressive and hypercoagulable states, arrhythmia, body mass index, hypertension, coronary artery disease, patient age, duration of CP symptoms, gender, time interval from biopsy to death, anticoagulation therapy and sodium thiosulfate administration at the time of biopsy did not demonstrate a statistically significant association with DDA.

Conclusion

DDA does not appear to be associated with disease severity or prognosis in cases of CP; however, in our population CP with concurrent DDA was more prevalent in African Americans and individuals with congestive heart failure.
Pembrolizumab‐induced pseudoepitheliomatous eruption consistent with hypertrophic lichen planus
Authors: Coscarart Aimee , Martel Julianna , Lee Michael P. , Wang Alun R.
Published: October 2019

Pembrolizumab, an anti‐programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) antibody preparation, has been shown to induce various dermatologic adverse events which may present with delayed onset or even after discontinuation of therapy. We report a 78‐year‐old female patient with a stage II lung adenocarcinoma treated with pembrolizumab, who developed lichenoid eruptions and multiple cutaneous plaque/nodular eruptions as pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, during and up to 2 months after discontinuation of pembrolizumab therapy. Multiple skin biopsies revealed epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, diffuse to patchy lichenoid lymphocyte infiltrate with scattered eosinophils and neutrophils, confluent to scant dyskeratosis of the lower epidermis, minimal to overt invagination, and cystic proliferation of squamous epithelium to papillomatosis with hypergranulosis and keratosis. Overall, multiple patterns were present with similarities to lichenoid drug eruption, lichen planus, early invasive squamous cell carcinoma, early keratoacanthoma, and verruca. However, the findings ultimately supported a diagnosis of hypertrophic lichen planus. All the lesions resolved with oral prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, and topical triamcinolone acetonide ointment 0.1%. In summary, our case shows that pembrolizumab can induce lichenoid eruption with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, and these lesions can clinically and pathologically mimic early invasive squamous cell carcinomas or keratoacanthomas.
Effects of forest‐use intensity on vascular epiphyte diversity along an elevational gradient
Authors: Guzmán‐Jacob Valeria , Zotz Gerhard , Craven Dylan , Taylor Amanda , Krömer Thorsten , Monge‐González María Leticia , Kreft Holger
Published: October 2019

Aim

Understanding patterns of tropical plant diversity and their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance at different spatial scales remains a great challenge in ecology and conservation. Here, we study how the effects of forest‐use intensity on vascular epiphyte diversity vary along a tropical elevational gradient.

Location

3,500‐m elevational gradient along the eastern slopes of Cofre de Perote, Mexico.

Methods

We studied the effects of forest‐use intensity on alpha, beta and gamma diversity of vascular epiphyte assemblages in old‐growth, degraded and secondary forests at eight study sites at 500‐m intervals along the elevational gradient. At each elevation and in each of the three forest‐use intensity levels, we established five 400‐m2 plots yielding a total of 120 plots.

Results

Interactive effects of elevation and forest‐use intensity strongly impacted local‐scale patterns of vascular epiphyte diversity. Species diversity peaked at 500 as well as 1,500 m above sea level, which deviates from the previously reported hump‐shaped pattern. In most cases, alpha diversity did not differ significantly among forest‐use intensity levels. However, gamma diversity was always lower in secondary forests compared to old‐growth forests across the entire elevational gradient. Within each elevational belt, beta diversity was dominated by species turnover along the forest‐use intensity gradient in the lowlands and declined with increasing elevation, where community composition became increasingly nested. Along the elevational gradient, the spatial turnover of vascular epiphyte community composition was similar among forest‐use intensity levels.

Main conclusions

Our results reveal a strong interaction between forest‐use intensity and elevation, making it difficult to extrapolate findings from one elevational belt to another. Our findings highlight the value of old‐growth forest for epiphyte diversity, but also show that degraded and secondary forests—depending on the elevational belt—may maintain a high species diversity and thus play an important role in conservation planning.
Design + Organization Development: Three Steps on the Bridge to the Other Side
Authors: Dunne Alex M. , Peck Tonya M.
Published: October 2019

These organization development specialists offer some ways to make your staff meetings and meetings with clients more interesting, more inclusive, and more productive. You can start the process by taking out some chairs and leaving out the PowerPoint presentation.

In which we learn something about organization development, and how to run a meeting that isn't filled with bored people staring at their laptops.
Differences in swimming performance and energetic costs between an endangered native toothcarp (Aphanius iberus) and an invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
Authors: Rubio‐Gracia Francesc , García‐Berthou Emili , Latorre Dani , Moreno‐Amich Ramon , Srean Pao , Luo Yiping , Vila‐Gispert Anna
Published: October 2019

Swimming performance is a key feature that mediates fitness and survival in many fish species. Using a swim tunnel respirometer, we compared prolonged swimming performance and energy use for two competing species: an endangered, endemic toothcarp (Aphanius iberus) and a worldwide invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Critical (Ucrit) and optimal swimming speeds, standard and maximal metabolic rates, absolute aerobic scope, as well as the minimum cost of transport were estimated and compared between species and sexes. Body streamlining and caudal peduncle depth were also measured to explain the differences in swimming performance and efficiency. Both sexes of A. iberus presented similar swimming capacity and metabolic traits, whereas males of G. holbrooki showed higher critical swimming speeds, maximal metabolic rate and absolute aerobic scope than females. We also found marked differences between species in most of the response variables examined. Aphanius iberus showed lower swimming capacity (Ucrit mean <10 cm s−1), higher maximal metabolic rate and absolute aerobic scope than the invasive species. By contrast, G holbrooki swam faster and had lower cost of transport at a given fish mass and speed, thereby leading to a higher swimming efficiency. The observed differences in swimming efficiency were closely related to differences in morphological characteristics and therefore to drag pressures and propulsion. Our results add a mechanistic basis to the ecological understanding of these two species and suggest that although both are poor swimmers compared to many other similarly sized species, the native species likely has more restricted water flow tolerance and dispersal capacities.
Effects of prey aphid species on the abundance of a parasitoid and two predator species in aphid colonies attended by ants on citrus
Authors: Kaneko Shuji
Published: October 2019

This study focused on three species of enemies, the parasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus japonicus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), the ladybird Scymnus posticalis Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), all of which are able to exploit aphids attended by ants. I experimentally evaluated the effects of prey aphid species on the abundance of each of the three enemy species in ant‐attended aphid colonies on citrus. The aphids compared were Aphis gossypii Glover versus Aphis spiraecola Patch in late spring, and Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy) versus A. spiraecola in late summer (all, Hemiptera: Aphididae). Colonies of the three aphid species were attended by the ant Pristomyrmex punctatus Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The initial number of attending ants per individual aphid did not differ significantly between the colonies of the two aphid species compared in each season. Between A. gossypii and A. spiraecola, there was no significant difference in the number of mummies formed by the parasitoid or foraging larvae of each of the two predators per aphid colony. A significant difference was detected between T. citricidus and A. spiraecola for each of the three enemy species, with a far greater number of L. japonicus mummies in T. citricidus colonies and distinctly more larvae of each of the two predators in A. spiraecola colonies. Thus, the abundance of each of the three enemy species in ant‐attended aphid colonies was significantly influenced by the species of the prey aphids, with the three enemies showing different responses to the three aphid species.
Habitat generalization of a predatory ladybird,Harmonia yedoensis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), in an allopatric area with respect to its sibling speciesHarmonia axyridis
Authors: Noriyuki Suzuki , Sugo Junki , Ohata Masaaki , Osawa Naoya
Published: October 2019

In central Japan,Harmonia yedoensisis a specialist ladybird that is confined to pine tree habitats, whereas its sibling speciesHarmonia axyridisis a generalist that feeds on a wide range of aphid species in nature. Interestingly,H. axyridisis not distributed in the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. We hypothesized that the ecological niche ofH. yedoensisshould be wider in the Ryukyu Archipelago, where its competitor species in central Japan,H. axyridis, is absent. We undertook fieldwork and a survey of published works to examine habitat utilization byH. yedoensisin the Ryukyu Archipelago. We found thatH. yedoensisadults in the Ryukyu Archipelago visited several kinds of deciduous trees, including wild tamarind, Chinese hibiscus, Taiwan cherry and Malayan banyan, as well as pine trees. These observations suggest that habitat generalization has occurred inH. yedoensisin the Ryukyu Archipelago, where it does not compete withH. axyridis.
Ontogenetic colour change signals sexual maturity in a non‐territorial damselfly
Authors: Khan Md Kawsar , Herberstein Marie E.
Published: October 2019

Conspicuous colouration increases male reproductive success through female preferences and/or male–male competition. Despite the advantages of conspicuous colouration, inconspicuous male morphs can exist simultaneously in a population due to genetic diversity, condition dependence or developmental constraints. We are interested in explaining the male dichromatism in Xanthagrion erythroneurum damselflies. We reared these damselflies in outdoor insectaries under natural conditions and showed that this species undergoes ontogenetic colour changes. The younger males are yellow and change colour to red 6–7 days after their emergence. We took red and yellow male reflectance spectra and found that red males are brighter than yellow males. Next, we aimed to determine whether ontogenetic colour change signals sexual maturity with field observations and laboratory experiments. Our field observational data showed that red males are in higher abundance in the breeding territory, and they have a higher mating frequency than yellow males. We confirmed these field observations by enclosing a red and a yellow male with two females and found that yellow males do not mate in presence of red males. To determine whether colour change signals sexual maturity, we measured mating success of males before and after colour changes by enclosing a single male at different age (day 3‐day 7) and colour (yellow, intermediate and red) with a single female in a mating cage. Males did not mate when yellow but the same male mated after it changed colour to red, suggesting the ontogenetic colour change signals sexual maturity in this species. Our study shows that male dichromatism can be age‐dependent and ontogenetic colour change can signal age and sexual readiness in non‐territorial insects.
Too much liquidity? Seemingly excess cash for innovative firms
Authors: He Zhaozhao , Ciccone Stephen
Published: October 2019

We show that more cash allows innovative firms facing financing constraints to undertake more research and development projects and that this phenomenon has been more pronounced since 1980. In contrast to the secular increase in the level of cash holdings, average excess cash has not increased appreciably. We analyze excess cash disposition and document a strong relation between excess cash and research and development spending. Finally, our results suggest that increased difficulty in valuing research and development might be a source of financing frictions. These findings imply that “seemingly excess cash” has played an increasingly important role in mitigating underinvestment in innovation.
Financial crises and the asymmetric relation between returns on banks, risk factors, and other industry portfolio returns
Authors: Högholm Kenneth , Knif Johan , Koutmos Gregory , Pynnönen Seppo
Published: October 2019

We show that the relations between the returns on the banking industry, risk factors, and other industries often are asymmetric. Lagged banking industry returns seem to improve predictability but the positive impact of a 1‐month lag of the return on the banking portfolio is much higher in the lower part of the return distribution. However, after the Dodd‐Frank Act in 2010, the cross‐autocorrelation with banks is changed and becomes negative in the upper part of the distribution. Returns on banks also seem to lead returns on five risk factors. This relation, however, is not robust across the distribution.
Striving to establish a care relationship—Mission possible or impossible?—Triad encounters between patients, relatives and nurses
Authors: Johnsson Anette , Wagman Petra , Boman Åse , Pennbrant Sandra
Published: October 2019

Background

When patients, relatives and nurses meet, they form a triad that can ensure a good care relationship. However, hospital environments are often stressful and limited time can negatively affect the care relationship, thus decreasing patient satisfaction.

Objective

To explain the care relationship in triad encounters between patients, relatives and nurses at a department of medicine for older people.

Design

A qualitative explorative study with an ethnographic approach guided by a sociocultural perspective.

Method

Participatory observations and informal field conversations with patients, relatives and nurses were carried out from October 2015‐September 2016 and analysed together with field notes using ethnographic analysis.

Result

The result identifies a process where patients, relatives and nurses use different strategies for navigating before, during and after a triad encounter. The process is based on the following categories: orienting in time and space, contributing to a care relationship and forming a new point of view.

Conclusion

The result indicates that nurses, who are aware of the process and understand how to navigate between the different perspectives in triad encounters, can acknowledge both the patient's and relatives’ stories, thus facilitating their ability to understand the information provided, ensure a quality care relationship and strengthen the patient's position in the health‐care setting, therefore making the mission to establish a care relationship possible.
A systematic review of community nursing interventions focusing on improving outcomes for individuals exhibiting risk factors of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Tan See M. , Han Emeline , Quek Rina Yu Chin , Singh Shweta R. , Gea‐Sánchez Montserrat , Legido‐Quigley Helena
Published: October 2019

Objective

To examine the role of community‐based nursing interventions in improving outcomes for community‐dwelling individuals exhibiting risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Design

A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Data Sources

Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health, LILACS, Africa‐Wide Information, IMEMR, and WPRIM) were searched from inception to 16 March 2018.

Review Methods

This review included outcomes from studies that were led by or delivered primarily by nurses for individuals exhibiting risk factors of CVD in community settings. At least two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias.

Results

46 studies met the eligibility criteria. Community nursing interventions were found to be effective in improving clinical outcomes of symptom control, symptom awareness, symptom management, and social outcomes. Effective interventions were found to be facilitated by a community‐centric approach, participant empowerment, reinforcement strategies, a targeted approach towards underserved populations, and home visits. These resulted in positive outcomes such as significant reductions in HbA1c for diabetic patients, attainment of blood pressure targets for hypertensive patients and greater improvement in self‐reported dietary intake for patients with hyperlipidaemia.

Conclusion

Community‐based nurse‐led interventions can result in positive outcomes for patients with risk factors of CVD. However, the success of such interventions needs to be facilitated by appropriate funding, thoughtful intervention design and training opportunities for nurses.

Impact

Community‐based nursing interventions are largely effective in improving clinical and social outcomes for community‐dwelling individuals with risk factors of CVD.
Self‐reported competence in female and male nursing students in the light of theories of hegemonic masculinity and femininity
Authors: Carlsson Marianne
Published: October 2019

Background

In most parts of the world, nursing historically has been considered an occupation for women. Gender stereotypes are associated with the nursing profession.

Aim

The aim was to describe and compare the self‐reported competence in female and male nursing students. The students were also compared according to their different background college educations. The theoretical framework of hegemonic masculinity and femininity was used.

Design

A cross‐sectional design with a questionnaire was used at two points in time, 2012 and 2017.

Methods

Nursing students completed a questionnaire on graduation from a 3‐year university nursing program from 12 universities/university colleges in Sweden. In total, 1810 students were participating, 1577 female and 227 male students. The Nurse Professional Competence scale was used for data collection.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in the self‐reported competence between female and male students (t tests and ANOVAs). These differences are in agreement with the patterns of hegemonic masculinity and femininity. Female students estimated their competence in giving value‐based nursing care as higher than males. Male students estimated their competence in development and leadership higher than females.

Conclusion

The pattern of hegemonic masculinity and femininity could be identified. This indicates a difference in power between female and male students.

Impact

The study addresses the self‐reported competence of female and male nursing students. The results indicated that male students possibly looked on themselves as superior to the female students. In order to change the image of nursing as a woman´s work, the self‐images should be discussed in nursing education as well as in college education. Women interested in development, research, and leadership and men interested in nursing care and administration must feel that nursing is a suitable profession for them. The stereotypical image of nursing as a women’s work is a barrier to nurses’ professional development.
Patient and family engagement as a potential approach for improving patient safety: A systematic review
Authors: Park Myonghwa , Giap Thi‐Thanh‐Tinh
Published: October 2019

Aims

To obtain a comprehensive insight of the impact of patient and family engagement on patient safety and identify issues in implementing this approach.

Background

Patient and family engagement is increasingly emerging as a potential approach for improving patient safety.

Design

Mixed method multilevel synthesis.

Data sources

PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrance Library (January 2009–April 2018).

Review methods

The review was conducted according to the principles recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review and in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Forty‐two relevant studies were identified. Common intervention groups included ‘direct care’ and ‘organization’ levels with ‘consultation’ and ‘involvement’ approaches, while the ‘health system’ level and ‘partnership and shared leadership’ approaches were rarely implemented. Findings revealed positive effects of the interventions on patient safety. Most study participants expressed their willingness to engage in or support patient and family engagement. However, existing gaps and barriers in implementing patient and family engagement were identified.

Conclusion

Future research should further focus on issuing consensus guidelines for implementing patient and family engagement in patient safety, extending the research scope for all aspects of patient and family engagement and patient safety and identifying priority areas for action that is suitable for each health facility.

Impact

Policymakers should issue guidelines for implementing patient and family engagement in healthcare systems which would enable healthcare providers to implement patient and family engagement and improve patient safety appropriately and effectively.
Part II—Clinical presentation, electrophysiologic characteristics, and when and how to ablate atriofascicular pathways and long and short decrementally conducting accessory pathways
Authors: Soares Correa Frederico , Lokhandwala Yash , Cruz Filho Fernando , Sánchez‐Quintana Damián , Mori Shumpei , Anderson Robert H. , Wellens Hein J. J. , Back Sternick Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Recognition of the presence, location, and properties of unusual accessory pathways for atrioventricular conduction is an exciting, frequently difficult, challenge for the clinical cardiac arrhythmologist. In this second part of our series of reviews relative to this topic, we discuss the steps required to achieve the correct diagnosis and appropriate management in patients with the so‐called “Mahaim” variants of pre‐excitation. We indicate that, nowadays, it is recognized that these abnormal rhythms are manifest because of the presence of atriofascicular pathways. These anatomical substrates, however, need to be distinguished from the other long and short accessory pathways which produce decremental atrioventricular conduction. The atriofascicular pathways, along with the long decrementally conducting pathways, have their atrial components located within the vestibule of the tricuspid valve. The short decremental pathways, in contrast, can originate in the vestibules of either the mitral or tricuspid valves.

As a starting point, careful analysis of the 12‐lead electrocardiogram, taken during both sinus rhythm and tachycardias, should precede any investigation in the catheterization room. When assessing the patient in the electrophysiological laboratory, the use of programmed electrical stimulation from different intracardiac locations, combined with entrainment technique and activation mapping, should permit the establishment of the properties of the accessory pathways, and localization of its proximal and distal ends. This should provide the answer to the question “is the pathway incorporated into the circuit underlying the clinical tachycardia”. That information is essential for decision‐making with regard to need, and localization of the proper site, for catheter ablation.
Safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cosmetics
Authors: Dréno B. , Alexis A. , Chuberre B. , Marinovich M.
Published: October 2019

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in a variety of products including cosmetics. TiO2 in its nanoparticle form (nano‐TiO2) is now the only form used as an ultraviolet (UV) filter in sunscreens, but also in some day creams, foundations and lip balms. While its efficacy as a UV filter is proven in the prevention of skin cancers and sunburns, some concerns have been raised about its safety. Indeed, considering its small size, nano‐TiO2 is suspected to penetrate dermal, respiratory or gastrointestinal barriers, disseminate in the body and therefore constitute a potential risk to the consumer. At the skin level, most studies performed in humans or animals showed that nano‐TiO2 did not penetrate beyond the outer layers of stratum corneum to viable cells and did not reach the general circulation, either in healthy or in compromised skin. The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) considers nano‐TiO2 as a non‐sensitizer and as mild‐ or non‐irritant to skin and concludes in no evidence of carcinogenicity (supported by the European Chemicals Agency), mutagenicity or reproductive toxicity after dermal exposure to nano‐TiO2. According to the SCCS, nano‐TiO2 from sunscreens does not present any health risk when applied on the skin at a concentration up to 25%. However, the SCCS does not recommend the use of nano‐TiO2 in formulations that may lead to exposure of the consumer's lungs by inhalation (sprayable products and powders). Indeed, even if human data are sparse and inconsistent, lung inflammation was reported in animals. In 2016, the EU Cosmetic Regulation made nano‐TiO2 as an authorized UV filter, except in products that could lead to exposure of the lungs. After oral exposure, nano‐TiO2 absorption and toxicity are limited. The incidental oral exposure to nano‐TiO2 contained in lip balms is thus not expected to induce adverse health effects.
Delayed consequences of the influence of simulated geomagnetic storms on roach Rutilus rutilus embryos
Authors: Krylov Viacheslav V. , Chebotareva Yulia V. , Izyumov Yuri G.
Published: October 2019

This study presents data collected over a 3 year period on the effects of simulated geomagnetic storms (SGMS) on Eurasian roach Rutilus rutilus embryos. Effects were studied during different stages of early development. Rutilis rutilus were raised in ponds for 4 months after exposure to SGMS. The mass, standard length and morphological characteristics of under‐yearlings exposed as embryos were recorded. A decrease in length–mass indices in under‐yearlings was noted after they had been exposed to SGMS during the first 2 days or during the third and fourth days of early development. Near the time point of 48 h post fertilisation, either no effect or an increased size was observed. In addition, exposure to SGMS led to a redistribution of the vertebral number between the sections of the vertebral column as well as changes in the number of seismosensory system openings in the mandibular and praeoperculum bones of under‐yearlings. Observed effects are similar to previously published data on the influence of anthropogenic magnetic fields on roach, namely changes in linear‐mass indices, number of vertebrae and number of seismosensory system openings in the mandibular bones of under‐yearlings exposed as embryos. Possible mechanisms of magnetic influence on early development of fish are discussed.
Ultrasound assisted encapsulation of peppermint flavor in gum Arabic: Study of process parameters
Authors: Sangolkar Rohit D. , Kawadkar Dilip K. , Bhanvase Bharat A. , Sonawane Shirish H. , Potoroko Irina
Published: October 2019

In the present study, ultrasound assisted encapsulation of peppermint flavor (core material) in gum Arabic (GA; wall material) was carried out in the presence of Tween 80 surfactant. It is well known that the intense environment generated due to cavity collapse in the presence of ultrasonic irradiations help in the preparation of fine emulsion which enhances the encapsulation efficiency of flavor. In this work, the use of ultrasound during encapsulation of peppermint flavor in GA, enhances the encapsulation efficiency to 87%. The effect of various parameters such as flavor concentration, GA concentration, and inlet temperature and feed rate during spray drying on encapsulation efficiency, product yield and particle size was studied. Also, the encapsulation of peppermint flavor in GA was confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The particles size of obtained nanoparticles after spray drying is in the range of 45.2–255.7 nm. This encapsulation process is believed to enhance the shelf life and stability of flavors that may be protected from outside environment by reducing its reactivity.

Practical applications

Components of the peppermint flavor are first of all mono and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives, and also phenylpropanoids. These are volatile substances sensitive to oxygen, light, moisture, and heat. Stability and shelf life of peppermint flavor will be lower when it is in liquid state because it is very sensitive to outside environment. This ultrasound assisted encapsulation process improves the processing time and encapsulation efficiency in lesser time which improves its stability and shelf life. Upon investigation of effect of direct exposure of peppermint oil to acoustic cavitation with bath and probe type and obtained FTIR patterns, its properties were found to be unaffected with acoustic cavitation. Further, in the present work, the effect of ultrasonication is little after encapsulation of peppermint flavor in gum Arabic wall material. Further the produced encapsulated materials are having uniform particle size distribution which can be prepared at industrial scale.