bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A radical model for the North Atlantic and the Greenland-Iceland-Faroes Ridge
Authors: Schiffer Christian , Petersen Kenni , Foulger Gillian , Geoffroy Laurent
Published: March 2020

A radical model for the North Atlantic and the Greenland-Iceland-Faroes Ridge

Christian Schiffer, Gillian Foulger, Kenni Petersen and Laurent Geoffroy

christian.schiffer@geo.uu.se

Analysis of teleseismic data from a seismological experiment in the East Greenland Caledonides reveals an east-dipping sub-crustal high velocity structure. The observations are consistent with a dipping eclogite layer underlying hydrated serpentinised mantle. The structure is therefore interpreted as a fossil subduction complex and may have radical implications for our understanding of the North Atlantic. 
Comparison with the very similar and well-known “Flannan reflector” in northern Scotland suggests that these two structures were once connected and now separated by the North Atlantic Ocean. Spatial correlation with geodynamic and magmatic events as well as structural peculiarities in the North Atlantic suggests an important control of this pre-existing structure on the plate tectonic evolution. For example, the Greenland-Faroe-Iceland Ridge formed where the North Atlantic rift crossed the proposed structure. The Jan Mayen Microplate formed exactly to the north of this intersection[CS1] .
We propose a new model for the formation of the North Atlantic that involves mainly plate tectonic processes and structural inheritance. The model involves delamination of dense orogenic crustal root and lithosphere triggering lower mantle upwelling and formation of a Large Igneous Province (LIP). Crustal flow and/or exhumation of the initially very thick (e.g. Tibet-like) continental lower-crust beneath extrusives could explain part of the anomalous thickness of the Greenland-Iceland-Faroes Ridge.

Our model explains several features of the North Atlantic, including microplate formation, enhanced magmatism and LIP formation, the formation of magma-rich and magma-poor continental margins, high-velocity lower crustal bodies, rift migration and formation of the Greenland-Faroe-Iceland Ridge.
Unraveling South American spatial precipitation patterns, intensity and variability through a multi-proxy approach for the past 2 kyr
Authors: Briceño-Zuluaga Francisco J. , Nogueira Juliana , Evangelista Heitor , Apaéstegui James , Sifeddine Abdelfettah , Carlo Espinosa Jhan , Neukom Raphael , Von Gunten Lucien , Gonzalez Arango Catalina , Khodri Myriam , Monteiro Hugo Leonardo , Prestes Alan , Pereira de Souza Echer Mariza , Ledru Marie-Pierre , Valdez Jorge , Cruz Francisco W. , Strikis Nicolas , Dias Pedro
Published: March 2020

South America hydrological cycle is highly dependent on the water vapor transport advected from tropical-equatorial Atlantic, Southern Pacific as well as the polar advections. While the Pacific contribution in the continental water budget is basically restricted to the western Andes region, the Atlantic Ocean and others mechanism – as advection in Amazonas basin – play a great role in modulating precipitation over the continent. Besides, modes of climatic variability, such as ENSO, have an important role in pluviosity distribution patterns and respectively intensity, influencing the availability of water resources from mountainous regions, vital to ecosystems and to economy and human wellbeing. Intense droughts and floods observed continentally during the modern epoch have pointed to the need of better understanding the regional climate related issue. Recent paleoclimate advances, especially the creation of high-standard regional proxy record databases, allow describing the South American climate from a new perspective. Here we present an effort of the South American PAGES 2k paleo-community LOTRED-SA to build a South America hydrology robust and unique multiproxy database. We present a spatial and temporal approach of the South American hydro-climate reconstruction based on more than 360 available databases in an attempt to unravel their changes and impacts. Following a multi-proxy approach, we expect to better describe duration and location of wet and dryer climate regimes at most important climate spatial domains, and modes patterns on South America, during each period; as well as their predominant variability base on high resolution records (tree rings, speleothems, lake, marine and ice cores). we combine here the use of different proxy records and spatial-temporal approach, owing to consolidate interpretations of the hydrological cycles in South America.
Heat Pipes and Vertical Tectonics in Terrestrial Planets
Authors: Moore William , Webb Alexander
Published: March 2020

Terrestrial planet mantles cannot transport the very high heat production in their early stages through subsolidus convection and instead produce voluminous melt that makes its way to the surface to transport the heat. This heat-pipe mode of heat transport implies a very different tectonics than either the rigid or mobile-lid tectonics driven by subsolidus convection. Although  similar to rigid-lid convection in that there is relatively little horizontal motion, heat-pipe lithospheres are by no means stagnant. Vertical transport through the continuous eruption of new material on the surface reaches rates of several mm/year (with significant spatial and temporal variations). This strongly impacts the shape of the geotherm, producing a cold and strong lid (despite the high heat flow). In addition, this vertical transport produces global compressional stresses as old surfaces are buried and forced downward to smaller radii. The horizontal variations in burial rates will lead to stress concentrations and ultimately plastic failure and thrusting (see Io’s numerous tectonic uplifts as an example). The transition from the advectively dominated heat-pipe lithosphere to a thin conductive lithosphere reverses this process, resulting in a period of global extension (again with large horizontal variations) as global volcanism wanes. An additional aspect of vertical transport in the heat-pipe lithosphere is the cycling of water and other volatiles into the lithosphere and mantle as surface materials are buried. This material is available for metamorphic reactions and will interact with rocks at the wet solidus, producing evolved rock compositions and volatile by-products (e.g. methane) that will contribute to the early atmospheres of these planets. Evidence of vertical transport in ancient Earth rocks has generally been attributed to subduction but heat-pipe advection provides a more global opportunity for such cycling.
Finite formulation for the computation of sorptivity
Authors: Peyneau Pierre-Emmanuel , Lassabatere Laurent , Pollacco Joseph , Fernández-Gálvez Jesús , Latorre Borja , Moret-Fernández David , Di Prima Simone , Angulo-Jaramillo Rafael
Published: March 2020

Soil sorptivity is one of the key hydraulic parameters for modelling water infiltration into soil. It quantifies the capacity of a soil to infiltrate water by capillarity. Several formulations, based on various models, have been proposed to compute it from the water retention and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity functions. All these formulations use the integration of the product of either the hydraulic conductivity or diffusivity function with the flux concentration function. The integration can be performed either over an interval of water pressure head or water content, yielding two equal values. However, the expression of the integral as a function of water pressure head may involve a huge or even infinite interval, which can be numerically difficult to handle. In opposite, the expression of the integral as a function of water content involves the integration of a diverging function (diffusivity) over a large interval, which is also troublesome from a numerical point of view. In this paper, we provide a new expression for sorptivity by cutting the integral in two parts, in order to involve only the integration of a finite function over a finite interval. The dependency of the integral on the flux concentration function is also investigated.
A machine learning approach to achieve accurate time series forecast of sea-wave conditions
Authors: Cremonini Giulia , Besio Giovanni , Lagomarsino Daniele , Seminara Agnese
Published: March 2020

Reliable forecast of environmental variables is fundamental in managing
risk associated with hazard scenarios. In this work, we use state of the
art machine learning algorithms to build forecasting models and to get
accurate estimation of sea wave conditions. We exploit multivariate time
series of environmental variables, extracted either from hindcast
database (provided by MeteOcean Group at DICCA) or observed data from
sparse buoys. In this way, future values of sea wave height can be
predicted in order to evaluate the risk associated with incoming
scenarios. The aim is to provide new forecasting tools representing an
alternative to physically based models which have higher computational
cost.
Changes in topography of Cracow centre during the last millennium, Poland
Authors: Łajczak Adam , Zarychta Roksana
Published: March 2020

In the investigations on changes of topography of historical town centres the attention is focused on estimation of the thickness of cultural layers and on determination of changes of land topography in selected small areas or along profiles. Less often the attention is focused on determination of spatial differentiation of these changes within larger parts of centres of historical towns. The aim of presentation is to reconstruct differences between paleotopography and modern topography of historical centre of Cracow, Poland, during the last millennium. The paleotopography studied represents situation before the 10th century without any significant human impact. The paleotopography was reconstructed using the published contour-line maps basing on archeological and geoengineering investigations and showing the roof of in situ fossil soil. The preliminary contour-line map represented a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) base map. DEM from aerial laser scanning (ALS DEM) shows the contemporary topography of Cracow centre. The application of selected morphometric indices makes it possible to describe quantitatively changes in spatial aspect in altitude, local relative height, slope, and aspect classes. The analysis of changes of values of the studied elements of topography shows that in the scale of the whole study area, the changes are directed towards the flattening of the area. In more local scale, the areas of flattening trends are adjacent to the areas of undulating trends.

Only few papers discuss the changes in town topography as the consequence of long lasting increase of anthropogenic deposits resulting in land flattening or undulation increase. These papers, however, do not consider the quantitative evaluation of many-sided character of this process. Similar remarks concern the papers on modern development of towns. Revealed in the newest literature positive vertical changes in the topography of Cracow centre which occurred during the last millennium show large spatial differentiation and range to over 10 m. In the older literature the value 5 m was so far suggested in the area of Old Town in Cracow. Other parameters of changes in Cracow topography studied by the Authors have never been considered in literature.
Experimental Determination of the Shale Wettability
Authors: Mukhametdinova Aliya , Bogdanovich Natalia , Cheremisin Alexey , Rudakovskaya Svetlana
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the share of unconventional reserves in global oil production has grown. Exploration and development of unconventional resources require novel effective laboratory methods for characterizing the reservoir properties. The study and analysis of local shale deposits such as Bazhenov Formation (BF) in Western Siberia is a priority among non-traditional reservoirs. Wettability of the reservoir rock is one of the most important factors affecting the residual saturation and filtration properties in the formation. However, as multiple petrophysical studies show, conventional laboratory methods for characterizing the wettability are not applicable for this type of formations.

In this work, the fluid saturation and wettability of BF rock samples were studied utilizing a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the method of determining the wetting contact angle by a surface drop. We have provided the petrographic description of rocks using ultrathin sections for grouping the samples. In addition, we used data on the organic content (TOC) obtained by the Rock-Eval method on a HAWK RW instrument (Wildcat Technologies) and the results of lithological typing on thin sections using an Axio Imager A2m polarizing microscope (Carl Zeiss) for detailed analysis of NMR and contact angle methods results.

To assess wettability by NMR, T2 relaxation curves were constructed for extracted (cleaned), kerosene-saturated and water-saturated samples. A comparison of the relaxation spectra for kerosene and water enabled evaluation of the wettability for each by T2 log mean values. The calculation of the wetting angle was carried out for samples before and after the extraction, which revealed minor changes in the nature of the rock wettability because of cleaning. Thus, for this type of rock, the drop method for determining wettability turned out to be significantly sensitive to the shape of the OM distribution in the rock. Correlations built on wettability (by NMR results and calculated wetting angle) vs. TOC and lithotyping illustrated the dependence of rock wettability behavior on both the lithotype and the TOC content.

The calculation of the wetting angle provided an initial assessment of the surface wettability of the rock and made it possible to establish the relationship between the wetting angle and the content of organic carbon (TOC), which is relevant for BF rocks. The lithological description of thin sections was used to highlight groups with a similar wettability of the rock. For the integral characteristics of the samples wettability, the NMR relaxometry method was proposed.
Exploring Gender Differences in the Use of Hedges in Pakistani Engineering Research
Authors: Gul Sanam , Ilyas Rosy , Lohar Shoukat Ali , Ahmed Mansoor
Published: March 2020

Previous studies suggest significant differences in academic writing between gender-based studies and various disciplines. As, English for Academic Purpose (EAP) is used as the source of communication as “an international language” which not only reflects on readers and writers but its professional, social, cultural, linguistic and educational settlements also (Canagarajah, 2002). Hedges play important role in academic writing. For this, the aim of present study was to investigate the use of hedges in Pakistani engineering research articles on gender-based level. The present study examined Pakistani research articles from two disciplines of Civil engineering and Electrical engineering to find out the frequencies and functions of hedges on gender-based level. For this reason, Hyland and Tse’s (2004) Interpersonal model of metadiscourse was employed to identify the list of hedges and to see the similarities and differences in the use of hedges on gender-based level. The corpus was built of 100 research articles. The total number of articles was 100 from Civil engineering and Electrical engineering discipline consisting on male and female writers. For this study, mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) strategy was employed. Sampling of the study was probability and stratified sampling. For analysis, Anconc.3.4.4 (a concordance tool) was applied to find out the frequencies and differences in the use of hedges.
Modelo práctico para la detección y manejo de las anormalidades del progreso del parto
Authors: Amaya Galindo Alex Benjamín
Published: March 2020

El objetivo principal es presentar un modelo teórico práctico en el manejo de las anormalidades del progreso del parto. Se describen los conceptos sobre trabajo de parto normal y anormal a utilizar; el instrumento grafico a aplicar con sus respectivas curvas de alerta, la evaluación sistemática de la anomalía y la conducta clínica a seguir: Es un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 250 parturientas en las cuales se ha utilizado el modelo de trabajo en el manejo de la evolución anormal del parto. Entre sus objetivos se menciona el conocimiento de la evolución del parto ya sea normal o anormal, la frecuencia y el tipo de anomalías en el progreso del parto, la vía del parto, la conducta clínica y el resultado perinatal obtenido con la aplicación del modelo de trabajo propuesto. El perfil clínico de las parturientas es similar a la población que atiende la Maternidad del Hospital Nacional Zacamil. Se detectó que las anomalías en el progreso del parto se presentan con una frecuencia del 28%; prolongación y detención de la fase activa en la misma proporción aproximadamente (45% urs 46%). En todos los casos se realice la evaluación sistemática del parto con un resultado de use de oxitocina en el .56% de las casos a cause de contractilidad uterina inadecuada El índice de cesárea file del 5% pare la muestra en general y en gestantes con fase activa anormal file del 17%. Todos los neonatos fueron catalogados como vigorosos a los 5 minutos de nacidos a través del puntaje de APGAR
Una preocupación auténtica por la lectura
Authors: Hernandez Escobar Norma Estela
Published: March 2020

Las Universidades de El Salvador, están colmadas frecuentemente con estudiantes de menor edad que en la década anterior, su ingreso oscila entre los 15 y 17años; muchos de estos jóvenes enfrentan dificultades serias en su nuevo rol, -estudiantes de Educación Superior -, porque se encuentran en la necesidad de ser lectores frecuentes. Lugar donde queda evidenciada su apatía y rechazo al hábito de la lectura; lo cual debe ser inherente a toda carrera universitaria, ya que solo de esta forma conocemos, aprendemos, creamos y nos formarnos como profesionales integrales. ¿Qué pasa con este desamor hacia la lectura?, ¿Es un problema personal del estudiante?; ¿Qué acciones se están tomando al respecto de acuerdo a los responsables de la Educación, llamase esta publica o privada?; exigimos profesionales coda die con mayores competencias y capacidad de analizar para resolver problemas; ¿Por qué es urgente que nuestros niños-jóvenes y no tan jóvenes seamos buenos lectores?
ROSEN, BULGARIA: A NEWLY RECOGNIZED IRON OXIDE-COPPER-GOLD DISTRICT
Authors: Sillitoe Richard H. , Magaranov Georgi , Mladenov Veselin , Creaser Robert A.
Published: March 2020

The Rosen copper veins in southeastern Bulgaria are recognized for the first time as an iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) district. The veins are located in the East Srednogorie segment of the Carpathian-Balkan calc-alkaline volcano-plutonic arc and were formed during an end-stage interval of extreme slab rollback and intra-arc rifting, which gave rise farther east to seafloor spreading in the Western Black Sea basin. The resulting submarine volcano-sedimentary rift basin is dominated by intermediate to mafic shoshonitic to ultrapotassic volcanism and subsidiary gabbro to syenite intrusion. The E- to NE-striking veins define a NW-striking alignment along the western contact of the syenite-dominated Rosen pluton, inferred to be part of a large ring dike. More than 40 veins, the most important formerly mined to depths as great as 1,000 m, contain an early, pegmatoidal, calcic-potassic assemblage followed by predominant magnetite (including the mushketovite variety), chlorite, and carbonates but also quartz, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and numerous other metallic minerals, which combine to give an unusual Fe-Cu-Au-Mo-Co-Ni-U-light rare earth element (LREE)-W-Bi-Zn-Pb geochemical signature. The close correlation between Fe, Cu, U, and LREEs is evident even in the flotation tailings. Vein molybdenite was dated during this study at 80.6 ± 0.4 Ma, which is similar to a U-Pb zircon age for monzosyenite from the Rosen pluton. The mineralogic and compositional features of the Rosen district are comparable to those of well-known IOCG deposits worldwide and geometrically similar to the vertically extensive IOCG veins in the Coastal Cordillera province of northern Chile. The subsidiary granitophile signature that accompanies the characteristic siderophile IOCG suite was also recognized recently at the giant Olympic Dam deposit in South Australia and elsewhere. Although no exposed intrusion is definitively implicated in the genesis of the Rosen veins, coexisting gabbro and syenite fluid sources may be hypothesized at depth in or beneath the coeval ring dike.
Yew (Taxus baccata L.) population dynamics in the Iberian Mediterranean Mountains: natural regeneration and expansion in East Central System (Spain)
Authors: Balaguer-Romano Rodrigo , Sainz-Ollero Helios , Vasco-Encuentra Fernando
Published: March 2020

Aim of study: To evaluate demographical dynamics of yew populations in the Iberian Mediterranean mountains in order to assess population trends and a hypothetical natural regeneration of the species.Area of study: Ayllón Mountain Range, Eastern end of Central Mountain Range, Spain.Material and methods: Afield survey was conducted on three yew groves, taking data of altitude, orientation, companion woody species, UTM coordinates, height, perimeter (at breast height, 120cm) and sex. Individuals were classified in four age groups, considering height and trunk perimeter: AgeGroup1, Seedling; AgeGroup2, Juvenile; AgeGroup3, Adult and AgeGroup4, Old. Finally Recruitment rate was calculated for each population.Main results: Surveyed yew populations include more than 1600 trees, showing elevated Recruitment rates, which indicates that there are more seedling and juvenile individuals (Group1 and Group2) than adult and old ones (Group3 and Group4).Research highlights: Surveyed yew populations show vigorous regeneration. These results lead us to reconsider the relictic character assigned to the species in the Iberian Mediterranean mountains.Key words: Ayllón; microclimatic; regeneration rate; relictic; survey.
Nationwide use, challenges, facilitators, and impact of preceptors in prelicensure clinical nursing education
Authors: Novotny Nancy L. , Stark Debbie
Published: March 2020

Background and objective: Preceptor-facilitated clinical nursing education prevalence information is dated. Information is most often limited to regional baccalaureate programs and provides sparse evidence of its education-related outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe the nationwide use, structures, facilitators, and challenges of using preceptors in prelicensure clinical education; compare its use by program characteristics; and explore its impact on education-related outcomes.Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, prelicensure programs in randomly selected jurisdictions in all four regions of the US were identified and official pass rates obtained.  Program administrators completed an online questionnaire about preceptor use, incentives used, challenges, facilitators, and perceived impact on program capacity.Results: Preceptors were used in 73% of the 366 responding programs. Prevalence rates ranged from 25% to 87% by program type and from 64% to 86% by region. Programs’ NCLEX-RN® pass rates and perceived impact on program capacity did not differ by use of preceptors. Most respondents indicated there was no impact although one-fifth perceived moderate to high impact. The top five challenges and facilitators to preceptor use were identified. Programs used a variety of preceptor incentives, ranging from 62% using informal recognition to 7% providing some type of financial compensation.Conclusions: Most programs use preceptors with differences by program type and region. Designating resources to enhance preceptor orientation and preceptor-student-faculty communications may be useful, as well as identifying the challenges and facilitators. While a variety of preceptor incentives are available, few offer direct monetary compensation. Regional preceptor incentive data provide useful benchmarks. With high rates of use in some sectors and yet no demonstrable influence on pass rates, closer scrutiny of the quality of preceptor-facilitated educational experiences and associated outcomes are warranted.
A biblioteca escolar e os contos de fada
Authors: Silva Raquel Aparecida Ribeiro , Bortolin Sueli
Published: March 2020

O indivíduo tem, em qualquer faixa etária, o direito à fantasia. Na infância ela favorece a integridade física e emocional, portanto quanto mais cedo a criança tiver contato com os contos de fada, melhor. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a relevância dos contos de fada na biblioteca escolar para crianças. Acredita-se que os contos de fada ajudam a criança a compreender que a vida é feita de adversidades, sendo necessário enfrentá-las com determinação para que se possa superá-las. O procedimento metodológico escolhido foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, pois ela além de aflorar conhecimentos diversificados, possibilitou a reunião de discursos de diferentes áreas, proferidos, entre outros, por Bortolin (2010) e Caldin (2004), de Biblioteconomia; Bussato (2003) e Carvalho (1984), de Letras; Estés (2000) e Radino (2004), de Psicologia e Rezende (2011); e Silva (2001), de Educação. Conclui-se que, por ser a biblioteca escolar um espaço também de literatura, os profissionais que nela atuam precisam buscar subsídios teóricos e pedagógico ao mediar os contos de fada para que com eles as crianças possam lidar melhor com atribulações e angústias. Demonstra-se, portanto, a imprescindibilidade dos contos de fada.
Screening Diabetes Mellitus Patients for Tuberculosis in Southern Nigeria: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ekeke Ngozi , Aniwada Elias , Chukwu Joseph , Nwafor Charles , Meka Anthony , Alphonsus Chukwuka , Ezeakile Okechukwu , Ajayi Adeyemi , Soyinka Festus , Bakpa Francis , Uwanuruochi Victoria , Aniekwensi Ezechukwu , Eze Chinwe
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are of great public health importance globally, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Tuberculosis is the third cause of death among subjects with non-communicable diseases. DM increases risk of progressing from latent to active tuberculosis. The study aimed to ascertain yield of TB cases and the number needed to screen (NNS) among DM patients. Material and methods: Across-sectional study was conducted at 10 health facilities with high DM patient load and readily accessible DOTS center in 6 states of southern region of Nigeria over aperiod of 6 months under routine programme conditions. All patients who gave consent were included in the study. Yield and NNS were calculated using an appropriate formula. Results: 3 457 patients were screened with amean age (SD) of 59.9 (12.9) years. The majority were male, 2 277 (65.9%). Overall prevalence of TB was 0.8% (800 per 100 000). Sixteen (0.5%) were known TB cases (old cases). There were 221 presumptive cases (6.4%) out of which 184 (83.3%) were sent for Xpert MTB/Rif assay. Eleven (0.3%) new cases of TB were detected, giving additional yield of 40.7% and the number needed to screen (NNS) of 315. All the 11 patients were placed on anti-TB treatment. Conclusions: The prevalence of TB among DM patients was higher than in the general population. The yield was also good and comparable to other findings. This underscores the need for institute active screening for TB among DM patients. Further stu-dies are recommended to identify associated factors to guide policy makers in planning and development of TB-DM integrated services.
Hardness assessment of induction hardened layers based on the analysis of eddy current signal
Authors: Kukla Dominik , Wyszkowski Mirosław
Published: March 2020

The work concerns the assessment of the possibility of identifying changes in hardness of carburized and induction hardened layers using the eddy current method. The tests were carried out on three sets of samples, made of AMS 6414 steel, with different layer thickness, subjected to induction hardening and tempering in a wide temperature range, to obtain differences in layer hardness for each set. The samples of each set, with the layers with a hardness in the range of 760–920 HV, were subject to testes using eddy currents which consisted in the assessment of phase angle changes obtained as a result of the lift – off effect. Standard hardness measurements on the surfaces of the hardened layers were also carried out, and microhardness profiles were made on the cross-sections of the samples. The results of hardness measurements were subject to comparative analysis with the results of non-destructive tests and on this basis it was possible to identify changes in the hardness of layers, based on the results of non-destructive tests.
Kinetics of nitrided layers formation on low-alloy steels in the gas nitriding process
Authors: Wójcik Grzegorz , Kucharska Barbara , Wach Piotr
Published: March 2020

The study examined cylindrical samples made of low-alloy structural steel 42CrMo4 (40HM) and 41CrAlMo7 (38HMJ) subjected to the nitriding process at 540oC during 2, 7, 12 and 17 hours. During the first 2 hours of the process, the atmosphere was ammonia, while the rest of the process was carried out in the atmosphere consisting of 50% ammonia and 50% dissociated ammonia. After the process, surface hardness, hardness distribution at the depth of 50 µm from the surface up to the hardness of the core, and microstructure of the nitrided layer produced were examined. It has been shown that along with the extension of the duration of the nitriding process on 40HM steel, the surface thickness of the layer of nitrides increases from 6 µm after 2 hours to 14 µm after 17 hours of the process and this layer has a two-phase structure (+’), while the thickness of the diffusion layer was from 0.15 to 0.44 mm (depending on the process time). In the case of 38HMJ steel, the thickness of the layer of nitrides increased from 1 µm after 2 hours to 9.5 µm after 17 hours. The thickness of the diffusion layer was from 0.08 to 0.35 µm (depending on the process time).
Smelly Art and the Hierarchy of Senses
Authors: Elias Borbala
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay deals with the visual bias and the historical privileging of visuality in the Western culture and the ways in which it translates into the valorization of different forms of art, in particular olfactory art, which is still not being taken seriously and remains undervalued, akin more to a form of entertainment. The essay uses the case of the Viennese artist Bernhard Weber.
Etnogeomorfologia, uma possibilidade didática no ensino de Geomorfologia
Authors: Ferreira Bruno , Silva Thiago Cavalcante Lins , Azevedo Andrei Gomes de , Pinheiro Davi Almeida
Published: March 2020

A partir da segunda metade do século XX, começou-se a utilizado a terminologia “etnociência” para designar conhecimentos de populações tradicionais e suas classificações a respeito dos fenômenos naturais. A popularização da etnociência permitiu a ação de várias disciplinas e áreas do conhecimento científico, interessando-se pelo conhecimento dos povos tradicionais e conectando-os a seus conhecimentos acadêmicos. A Geomorfologia, por apresentar íntima relação com o ser humano em seu cotidiano, possibilita o uso de ferramentas que aproximem a realidade do dia a dia das pessoas à linguagem científica, o que acabou por se denominar, a partir de estudos recentes, de “etnogeomorfologia”. No entanto, é necessário que se reconheça o exercício educativo como sendo o elo mediador desta ligação, uma vez que o uso da etnogeomorfologia em sala de aula pode levar o aluno a uma aprendizagem significativa, considerando suas próprias experiências e ações. O presente trabalho propõe a utilização da etnogeomorfologia como uma possibilidade didática no ensino de Geomorfologia, na intenção de promover uma alternativa pedagógica que aproxime o conhecimento científico tradicional ao conhecimento popular e ao cotidiano das pessoas.
Bausteine einer politischen Friedensordnung im Christentum
Authors: Jäggi Christian J.
Published: March 2020

Neben einer ganzen Reihe alter, ungelöster politischer Konflikte wie dem Palästinakonflikt, dem Afghanistankrieg, dem Bürgerkrieg in Syrien, dem Jemenkonflikt oder dem gespaltenen Korea gibt es eine Vielzahl bewaffneter Auseinandersetzungen, eingefrorener Kriege oder drohender Konfliktherde wie die Ukraine, den Konflikt um den Iran, die Krisenherde im Sahelgebiet oder die Auseinandersetzungen im südchinesischen Meer, für die bis heute keine Lösung abzusehen ist. Nicht selten sind darin auch religiöse oder weltanschauliche Akteure verwickelt. Religionen können sowohl gewaltfördernd als auch friedensstiftend sein. Deshalb sollten insbesondere Friedensvisionen und gewaltlose Ansätze der Religionen Raum in der internationalen Politik erhalten. Der vorliegende Band trägt Friedensvisionen und politische Vorstellungen des biblischen Christentums zusammen und analysiert, diskutiert und hinterfragt neuere und neueste Texte der christlichen Kirchen sowie christlicher Theologinnen und Theologen zur Friedensthematik und zur politischen Ethik.

Dieser Band ist Bestandteil einer fünfbändigen Reihe. Bereits erschienen sind Frieden, politische Ordnung und Ethik. Fragestellungen – Erklärungsmodelle – Lösungsstrategien (2018) und Bausteine einer politischen Friedensordnung im Judentum (2019).
Response to Van Inwagen and Welty
Authors: Craig William Lane ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: March 2020

In response to my critics, I argue that Peter van Inwagen, despite his protestations, is an advocate of an indispensability argument for Platonism. What remains to be shown by van Inwagen is that his version of the argument overcomes his own presumption against Platonism and survives defeat by besting every anti-Platonist alternative. While acknowledging Greg Welty’s helpful responses to my worries about divine conceptualism as a realist alternative to Platonism, I express ongoing reservations about some of those responses.
Anti-Theism, Pro-Theism, and Gratuitous Evil
Authors: Lougheed Kirk ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: March 2020

Ebrahim Azadegan recently argues that personal anti-theism, the view that it’s rational for a particular individual to prefer that God not exist, is a form of gratuitous evil. He justifies this evil by arguing that the anti-theist is uniquely positioned to bargain, implore, and plea to God. I argue that Azadegan faces a paradox. Once the anti-theist recognizes that God plus anti-theism makes the world better, she should convert to pro-theism. But then there can be no reflective anti-theists who could add value to the world. Ignorance is a requirement of the anti-theist who can offer these unique goods.
Eliminative Materialism and Ordinary Language
Authors: Lorca Daniel , LaRock Eric ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: March 2020

Advocates of eliminative materialism (EM) assure us that our current, ordinary approach to describing the mind (dubbed “folk psychology”) will eventually be eliminated, instead of reduced, by a matured neuroscience. However, once we take into account the flexibility, explanatory power, and overall sophistication of ordinary language, then the promissory note offered by eliminative materialism (EM) loses all credibility. To bolster the preceding claim, we present three original problems for EM: (1) the accountability problem, (2) the substitution problem, and (3) the discourse dependence problem.
Recovering Our Knowledge of the Good Person
Authors: Bogosian Chad ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: March 2020

Have you wondered how your students or friends simultaneously deny moral facts yet accept the universal wrongness of bullying, sexual assault, or greed? Dallas Willard’s much anticipated final philosophical work offers an incisive analysis of and solution to this phenomenon. Here I provide a brief overview of Willard’s main argument for how moral knowledge disappeared and has thereby become publicly unavailable for teaching it to emerging generation. We first look at what caused this “disappearance” at a social level, and then consider how have contributed to the problem. Finally, we look at Willard’s proposal for how we might recover moral knowledge, and I offer three lingering questions that may provide a springboard for those interested in extending his important project.
Učinkovitost ultrazvočne slikovne preiskave prsnega koša
Authors: Kocijančič Igor
Published: March 2020

Ultrazvočna slikovna preiskava prsnega koša (UZ) je koristna za prikaz mehkih tkiv prsnega koša, plevralnega prostora in procesov v okolnem pljučnem parenhimu. To neionizirajočo slikovno metodo nasprotno od CT in MRI preiskav izvaja preiskovalec sam. Je zelo uporabna pri bolnikih v enotah intenzivne terapije (EIT) zaradi svoje preprostosti in ponovljivosti. Bolnike v EIT lahko pregledujemo v ležečem položaju na hrbtu, na boku in v polbočnem položaju s konveksnimi ultrazvočnimi sondami majhnega premera, pri čemer medrebrne prostore uporabimo kot akustično okno. Z analizo sprednje stene prsnega koša v ležečem položaju izključimo pnevmotoraks, medtem ko z bočnim pristopom zaznamo klinično pomemben plevralni izliv in parenhimske zgostitve. UZ je metoda izbire za odkrivanje, ocenjevanje in izračunavanje prostornine proste in ujete plevralne tekočine. Po rezultatih lastnih raziskav je manjši plevralni izliv z UZ lažje prikazati in izmeriti v fazi izdiha. Pri nekaterih posameznikih je fiziološke tekočine po lastnih opažnjih več, česar pa ne smemo ovrednotiti kot patološko stanje plevralnega prostora. Z UZ prsnega koša preiskujemo in ocenjujemo zgostitve v pljučih takrat, ko le-te dosežejo visceralno plevro. UZ prsnega koša je lahko poveden tudi pri kritično bolnih s pljučno embolijo. Z UZ preiskavo trebušne prepone lahko realno ocenimo njeno pomičnost, potrebno za dihanje, saj tudi obsežnejši plevralni izliv ne deluje na amplitudo njenih premikov.
Kakovost dela v kateterizacijskih laboratorijih, ki izvajajo perkutane koronarne posege
Authors: Klemenc Matjaž , Bunc Matjaž , Kranjec Igor
Published: March 2020

V preteklih 40 letih smo bili priče izjemnemu razvoju intervencijske kardiologije. Strmo naraščajoče število posegov na koronarnih arterijah je dokaj hitro privedlo do potrebe po vnaprej določenem, strukturiranem beleženju intervencijskega dela kateterskih laboratorijev (KL) in vzpostavitvi mehanizmov za kontrolo kakovosti opravljenega dela. Nacionalna kardiološka združenja so zato osnovala registre posegov, ki omogočajo primerjavo dela med posameznimi KL, prav tako tudi na mednarodni ravni. Združenja so objavila tudi številna priporočila, katerih izpolnjevanje zagotavlja primerno kakovost in varnost posegov. V prispevku so opisani različni pristopi zagotavljanja kakovosti dela KL, priporočila Evropskega kardiološkega združenja in opis stanja v Sloveniji.
Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 1913-2013
Authors: Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Anmeldelse af Inger Marie Sunde: Automatisert Inndragning.
Authors: Lavonen Heli
Published: March 2020

Review of Inger Marie Sunde: Automatisert Inndragning.
Svensk miljöstraffrätt – bister men näbblös hök?
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Anmeldelse af Forældreansvarsloven – når der er vold i familien
Authors: Grøvdal Yngvil
Published: March 2020

Review of: Forældreansvarsloven – når der er vold i familien
Straffrättssystemets funktion vid familjevåldsbrott mot barn: Problem, utgångspunkter, perspektiv och svar
Authors: Gröning Linda
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Nekrolog: Inkeri Anttila 1916-2013
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

In memory of Inkeri Anttila 1916-2013
Virtuelle ting – Kan virtuelle ting strafferetligt karakteriseres eller sidestilles som rørlige ting?
Authors: Mathiasen Peter Dueholm
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Årsberetning
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Årsberetning fra De Nordiske Kriminalistforeninger 2013
Fengslenes innsats overfor innsatte med rusproblemer: Ansattes perspektiv
Authors: Giertsen Hedda , Kolind Torsten
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Anmeldelse af Annika Suominen: The Principle of Mutual Recognition in Cooperation in Criminal Matters. A study of the principle in four framework decisions and in the implementation legislation in the Nordic Member State.
Authors: Asp Petter
Published: March 2020

Review of Annika Suominen:The Principle of Mutual Recognition in Cooperation in Criminal Matters. A study of the principle in four framework decisions and in the implementation legislation in the Nordic Member State.
Brottslighet och brottskontroll i Finland och de andra Nordiska länderna: Banbrytare eller eftersläntrare?
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Positiv kriminologi bør gi nye krav til programvirksomhet
Authors: Hansen Gunnar Vold
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Humanitär verksamhet eller organiserad brottslighet? - Ordnande av olaglig inresa i Finland
Authors: Kimpimäki Minna
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Prisonisering - en ubekreftet "jernlov" om sosialt liv bak murene
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Träskman Per Ole , Larsson Paul , Aarli Ragna , Hansen Helén Örnemark , Holmboe Morten
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Boganmeldelser
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

N/A
Indhold 2015
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

Den årlige indholdsfortegnelse over NTFK fra forhenværende år.
Strafbar passivitet – ansvarsgrundlag og den alternative handling
Authors: Holst Nicolaj Sivan
Published: March 2020

English title: Criminal passivity: Basis for liability and alternative actions.Criminal passivity is characterized by punishment not for something one did, but for omitting a certain act. This means that one has to be concerned with both the criteria for liability by omission and with the alternative actions one should have taken to avoid punishment. The article focuses on the specific problems that present themselves when dealing with criminal passivity under Danish law including questions concerning legal bases and the consequences thereof. When examining criminal passivity, it is important to distinguish between crimes of omission within and outside the scope of complicity, and between different types of criminal offences. The most relevant area of criminal passivity in case law concerns passive complicity. A new case from the Danish Supreme Court has set out some general criteria for liability in this area. In regards to crimes against children, case law shows that there is an obligation for parents to protect children and that demands regarding alternative actions are strict. Outside the scope of complicity there are cases of criminal omission regarding possession of narcotics and firearms.
Ska strängare straff dömas ut vid återfall? - Allmänhetens inställning till återfallsstraff enligt en nationell vinjettstudie
Authors: Jerre Kristina
Published: March 2020

English title: Harsher punishments for repeat offenders? The public's opinion according to a Swedish vignette study The principle of punishing repeat offenders more severely is widespread. A recurring justification in the public debate for this principle is that »public sentiment« demands harsher punishments for recidivists. In this study survey participants are asked to propose appropriate sanctions for five different criminal cases described in vignettes. The offender in each case is described as either having or not having previous convictions. There is little difference in the sanctions given to previously convicted and non-convicted offenders. According to the results, »public sentiment« does not come across as sufficiently homogeneous, on its own, to legitimize a system where repeat offenders are systematically and consistently punished more severely than offenders with no previous convictions. If we are to justify enhanced punishments for repeat offenders, we should seek a more solid basis for doing so than simply relying on routine referrals to public opinion
Replik till Per Ole Träskman
Authors: Lindstedt Jukka
Published: March 2020

N/A
Boganmeldelse: Paula Wahlgren: De laglydiga. Om skolans brottsförebyggande fostran, Stockholms Universitet, 2014
Authors: Gundhus Helene O.I.
Published: March 2020

Boganmeldelse skrevet af Helene O.I. Gundhus (af Wahlgrens "De lagydiga: Om skolans brottsförebyggande fostran".
Boganmeldelse: Elholm & Feldtmann (ED.): Criminal Jurisdiction. A Nordic Perspective, DJØF Publishing 2014
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

Boganmeldelse skrevet af Per Ole Träskman (af Elholm & Feldtmanns "Criminal Jurisdiction. A Nordic Perspective".
Gärningsmannaskap och medgärningsmannaskap i svensk rätt
Authors: Svensson Erik
Published: March 2020

English title: Perpetration and co-offending in Swedish criminal lawThe article presents an overview of the conclusions from my dissertation, Gärningsmannaskap vid fleras deltagande i brott, defended at Uppsala University in May 2016. The dissertation examines the concept of perpetration under Swedish law, specifically as the concept concerns the involvement of two or more actors. Three distinct questions are discussed: (i) how the distinction between perpetration of a crime and aiding and/or abetting a crime is to be drawn; (ii) how the distinction between different forms of perpetration should be made in Swedish criminal law; and (iii) in what cases two or more actors can be held criminally liable for having committed a crime together as perpetrators.
Fangers opplevelser av skam og stolthet etter soning
Authors: Svennevig, Haukland, Tallaksen Diverse:
Published: March 2020

English title: Prisoners’ self-perceived shame and pride after imprisonmentThe aim of this study is to examine former prisoners’ experiences of shame in life after imprisonment, and how processes of change from shame to pride take place.  Qualitative in-depth interviews are conducted with seven former prisoners affiliated with the self-help organization WayBack. The empirical material is processed using content analyses. A hermeneutic phenomenological framework inspired the study.  The study shows that the movement from shame to pride is closely related to empowerment and to a change from marginalization to integration.  The analysis reveals that shame is activated by society’s limited acknowledgement of ex-prisoners. Social arenas of equals can be experienced as essential to create new identities and a sense of empowerment. Acknowledging that change requires acceptance of help from others – as well as provision of help to others, appears to be an important facilitator of change from shame to pride.   The individual's opportunity to put words into feelings is central. Likewise, the achievement of coherence in the world (SOC) is of crucial importance. The importance of being recognized and achieving social value are also key findings of the research.
Hvad er retfærdighed?
Authors: Kelsen Hans
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Svensk förslag till en ny brottsbalk.
Authors: Beckman Nils
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Litteratur
Authors: Johnsen Jon , Hurwitz Stephan , Waaben Knud
Published: March 2020

Book reviews
Priotiterade och negligerade offer. Reflektioner över den ekonomiska brottslighetens viktimologi.
Authors: Lindgren Sven-Åke
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Mellom profitt og moral: Regulering og kontroll av ulovlig, urapportert og uregulert fiske (UUU Fiske)
Authors: Christophersen Jan Georg
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Ikke kun strenghed - Replik om de nordiske retsbevidsthedsundersøgelser
Authors: Balvig Flemming , Gunnlaugsson Helgi , Tham Henrik
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Automatisert rettshåndhevelse på nettet
Authors: Sunde Inger Marie
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Likhet inför lagen - lika inför straffet? - För och nackdelar med individanpassad rättssäkkerhet
Authors: Hansen Helen Ornemark
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.