bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological support for a clade comprising two vermiform mite lineages: Eriophyoidea (Acariformes) and Nematalycidae (Acariformes)
Authors: Bolton Samuel J , Chetverikov Philipp E , Klompen Hans
Published: July 2017

A morphology-based parsimony analysis (50 taxa; 110 characters) focused on relationships among basal acariform mites places Eriophyoidea (formerly in Trombidiformes) within Nematalycidae (Sarcoptiformes). Although both taxa have worm-like bodies, this grouping is unexpected because it combines obligate plant inhabitants (Eriophyoidea) with obligate inhabitants of deep-soil or mineral regolith (Nematalycidae sensu stricto). The Eriophyoidea + Nematalycidae clade, which is strongly supported (Bremer =5; bootstrap =85%), retains moderately good support (Bremer=3; bootstrap=66%) when three ratio-based characters pertaining to body shape are excluded. A total of eleven unambiguous synapomorphies unite all or some of Nematalycidae with Eriophyoidea. These include an annulated opisthosoma, an unpaired vi seta on the prodorsum, fusion of the palp trochanter with the palp femur, and a large relative distance between the anus and the genitalia. Three of the four Triassic genera of eriophyoid-like mites were also included in our analysis. Although all four genera have been tentatively placed within a new superfamily, we found no support for the monophyly of this group.  One other interesting result of the analysis is the placement of a “living fossil”, Proterorhagia oztotloica (Proterorhagiidae), as sister to the rest of Acariformes. However, support for this relationship is weak.
Eriophyoid mites from Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China with descriptions of nine new species (Acari, Eriophyoidea)
Authors: Han Xiao , Xue Xiao-Feng , Hong Xiao-Yue
Published: July 2017

Nine new species of eriophyoid mites from the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China are described and illustrated. They are Cosella delavayi sp. nov. on Castanopsis delavayi Franch. (Fagaceae); Tegonotus fabris sp. nov. on Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib (Pinaceae); Phyllocoptruta hodginsii sp. nov. on Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) Henry et Thomas (Cupressaceae); Calvittacus mollissimus sp. nov. on Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae); Anthocoptes artemisia sp. nov. on Artemisia sp. (Asteraceae); Tetraspinus fabaceae sp. nov. on Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp. (Fabaceae); Neorhynacus molle sp. nov. on Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don (Ericaceae);  Rhyncaphytoptus dielsianus sp. nov. on Trema dielsiana Hand.-Mzt (Ulmaceae) and Konola mollissima sp. nov. on Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae). All these new eriophyoid mite species are vagrants causing no apparent damage to their host plants.
Contribution on Aceria spp. (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) from southwest of East Azerbaijan province in Iran: new records and description of two new species
Authors: Lotfollahi Parisa , De Lillo Enrico , Irani-Nejad Karim Addad
Published: July 2017

During a survey on Eriophyoid Mites in southwest of East Azerbaijan province (Iran), Aceria zygofabae n. sp. and Aceria alkannae n. sp. were found on Zygophyllum fabago L. (Zygophyllaceae) and Alkanna bracteosa Boiss. (Boraginaceae), respectively. They are described and illustrated here. Four further Aceria species were collected and identified as A. eucricotes (Nalepa, 1892), A. cynodonis Wilson, 1959, A. chenopodia Xue, Sadeghi & Hong, 2009 and A. tristriata (Nalepa, 1890) (protogyne and deutogyne). Aceria cynodonis is a new record for Iran Eriophyoid fauna whereas the other species were found for the first time in East Azerbaijan.
Atrial-selective K+ channel blockers: potential antiarrhythmic drugs in atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Ravens Ursula
Published: July 2017

In the wake of demographic change in Western countries, atrial fibrillation has reached an epidemiological scale, yet current strategies for drug treatment of the arrhythmia lack sufficient efficacy and safety. In search of novel medications, atrial-selective drugs that specifically target atrial over other cardiac functions have been developed. Here, I will address drugs acting on potassium (K+) channels that are either predominantly expressed in atria or possess electrophysiological properties distinct in atria from ventricles. These channels include the ultra-rapidly activating, delayed outward-rectifying Kv1.5 channel conducting IKur, the acetylcholine-activated inward-rectifying Kir3.1/Kir3.4 channel conducting IK,ACh, the Ca2+-activated K+ channels of small conductance (SK) conducting ISK, and the two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels (tandem of P domains, weak inward-rectifying K+ channels (TWIK-1), TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channels (TASK-1 and TASK-3)) that are responsible for voltage-independent background currents ITWIK-1, ITASK-1, and ITASK-3. Direct drug effects on these channels are described and their putative value in treatment of atrial fibrillation is discussed. Although many potential drug targets have emerged in the process of unravelling details of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for atrial fibrillation, we do not know whether novel antiarrhythmic drugs will be more successful when modulating many targets or a single specific one. The answer to this riddle can only be solved in a clinical context.
A new approach to exact solutions construction in scalar cosmology with a Gauss–Bonnet term
Authors: Fomin I. V. , Chervon S. V.
Published: July 2017

We study the cosmological model based on Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity with non-minimal coupling of a scalar field to a Gauss–Bonnet term in four-dimensional (4D) Friedmann universe. We show how constructing the exact solutions by the method based on a confrontation of the Hubble parameter in the model under consideration is achieved with that in a standard scalar field inflationary cosmology.
Membrane‐Tethered Metalloproteinase Expressed by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Limits the Progression of Proliferative Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Barnes Richard H. , Akama Takeshi , Öhman Miina K. , Woo Moon‐Sook , Bahr Julian , Weiss Stephen J. , Eitzman Daniel T. , Chun Tae‐Hwa
Published: July 2017

Background

The MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) family plays diverse and critical roles in directing vascular wall remodeling in atherosclerosis. Unlike secreted‐type
MMP
s, a member of the membrane‐type
MMP
family,
MT
1‐
MMP
(membrane‐type 1 MMP;
MMP
14), mediates pericellular extracellular matrix degradation that is indispensable for maintaining physiological extracellular matrix homeostasis. However, given the premature mortality exhibited by
MT
1‐
MMP
–null mice, the potential role of the proteinase in atherogenesis remains elusive. We sought to determine the effects of both
MT
1‐
MMP
heterozygosity and tissue‐specific gene targeting on atherogenesis in APOE (apolipoprotein E)–null mice.

Methods and Results

MT
1‐
MMP
heterozygosity in the
APOE
‐null background (
Mmp14

+/−

Apoe

−/−

) significantly promoted atherogenesis relative to
Mmp14

+/+

Apoe

−/−

mice. Furthermore, the tissue‐specific deletion of
MT
1‐
MMP
from vascular smooth muscle cells (
VSMC
s) in
SM
22α‐Cre(+)
Mmp14

F/F

Apoe

−/−

(
VSMC
‐knockout) mice likewise increased the severity of atherosclerotic lesions. Although
VSMC
‐knockout mice also developed progressive atherosclerotic aneurysms in their iliac arteries, macrophage‐ and adipose‐specific
MT
1‐
MMP
–knockout mice did not display this sensitized phenotype. In
VSMC
‐knockout mice, atherosclerotic lesions were populated by hyperproliferating
VSMC
s (smooth muscle actin– and Ki67–double‐positive cells) that were characterized by a proinflammatory gene expression profile. Finally,
MT
1‐
MMP
–null
VSMC
s cultured in a 3‐dimensional spheroid model system designed to mimic in vivo–like cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions, likewise displayed markedly increased proliferative potential.

Conclusions

MT
1‐
MMP
expressed by
VSMC
s plays a key role in limiting the progression of atherosclerosis in
APOE
‐null mice by regulating proliferative responses and inhibiting the deterioration of
VSMC
function in atherogenic vascular walls.
Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Cardiac and Kidney Function, Heart Failure, and Dementia in the Very Elderly
Authors: Kuller Lewis H. , Lopez Oscar L. , Gottdiener John S. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Becker James T. , Chang Yuefang , Newman Anne B.
Published: July 2017

Background

Heart failure (HF) and dementia are major causes of disability and death among older individuals. Risk factors and biomarkers of HF may be determinants of dementia in the elderly. We evaluated the relationship between biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and HF and risk of dementia and death. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) higher levels of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N‐terminal of prohormone brain natriuretic peptide, and cystatin C predict risk of death, cardiovascular disease, HF, and dementia; (2) higher levels of cardiovascular disease biomarkers are associated with increased risk of HF and then secondary increased risk of dementia; and (3) risk of dementia is lower among participants with a combination of lower coronary artery calcium, atherosclerosis, and lower high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (myocardial injury).

Methods and Results

The Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study was a continuation of the Cardiovascular Health Study limited to the Pittsburgh, PA, center from 1998–1999 to 2014. In 1992–1994, 924 participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. There were 199 deaths and 116 developed dementia before 1998–1999. Of the 609 participants eligible for the Pittsburgh Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study, 87.5% (n=532) were included in the study. There were 120 incident HF cases and 72% had dementia. In 80 of 87, dementia preceded HF. A combination of low coronary artery calcium score and low high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T was significantly associated with reduced risk of dementia and HF.

Conclusions

Most participants with HF had dementia but with onset before HF. Lower high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T and coronary artery calcium was associated with low risk of dementia based on a small number of events.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00005133.
Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is Mutation Rather Than Disease Specific: A Comparison of the Cardiac Troponin T E163R and R92Q Mouse Models
Authors: Ferrantini Cecilia , Coppini Raffaele , Pioner Josè Manuel , Gentile Francesca , Tosi Benedetta , Mazzoni Luca , Scellini Beatrice , Piroddi Nicoletta , Laurino Annunziatina , Santini Lorenzo , Spinelli Valentina , Sacconi Leonardo , De Tombe Pieter , Moore Rachel , Tardiff Jil , Mugelli Alessandro , Olivotto Iacopo , Cerbai Elisabetta , Tesi Chiara , Poggesi Corrado
Published: July 2017

Background

In cardiomyocytes from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, mechanical dysfunction and arrhythmogenicity are caused by mutation‐driven changes in myofilament function combined with excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling abnormalities related to adverse remodeling. Whether myofilament or E‐C coupling alterations are more relevant in disease development is unknown. Here, we aim to investigate whether the relative roles of myofilament dysfunction and E‐C coupling remodeling in determining the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype are mutation specific.

Methods and Results

Two hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse models carrying the R92Q and the E163R
TNNT2
mutations were investigated. Echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy, enhanced contractility, and diastolic dysfunction in both models; however, these phenotypes were more pronounced in the R92Q mice. Both E163R and R92Q trabeculae showed prolonged twitch relaxation and increased occurrence of premature beats. In E163R ventricular myofibrils or skinned trabeculae, relaxation following Ca
2+
removal was prolonged; resting tension and resting ATPase were higher; and isometric ATPase at maximal Ca
2+
activation, the energy cost of tension generation, and myofilament Ca
2+
sensitivity were increased compared with that in wild‐type mice. No sarcomeric changes were observed in R92Q versus wild‐type mice, except for a large increase in myofilament Ca
2+
sensitivity. In R92Q myocardium, we found a blunted response to inotropic interventions, slower decay of Ca
2+
transients, reduced SERCA function, and increased Ca
2+
/calmodulin kinase II activity. Contrarily, secondary alterations of E‐C coupling and signaling were minimal in E163R myocardium.

Conclusions

In E163R models, mutation‐driven myofilament abnormalities directly cause myocardial dysfunction. In R92Q, diastolic dysfunction and arrhythmogenicity are mediated by profound cardiomyocyte signaling and E‐C coupling changes. Similar hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes can be generated through different pathways, implying different strategies for a precision medicine approach to treatment.
Prolonged Fever After ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Long‐Term Cardiac Outcomes
Authors: Kawashima Chika , Matsuzawa Yasushi , Akiyama Eiichi , Konishi Masaaki , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Hashiba Katsutaka , Ebina Toshiaki , Kosuge Masami , Hibi Kiyoshi , Tsukahara Kengo , Iwahashi Noriaki , Maejima Nobuhiko , Sakamaki Kentaro , Umemura Satoshi , Kimura Kazuo , Tamura Kouichi
Published: July 2017

Background

The biphasic inflammation after
ST
‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) plays an important role in myocardial healing and progression of systemic atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of fever during the first and second phases of post‐
STEMI
inflammation on long‐term cardiac outcomes.

Methods and Results

A total of 550 patients with
STEMI
were enrolled in this study. Axillary body temperature (
BT
) was measured and maximum
BT
s were determined for the first (within 3 days: max‐
BT
1–3d
) and second (from 4 to 10 days after admission: max‐
BT
4–10d
) phases, respectively. Patients were followed for cardiac events (cardiovascular death, acute coronary syndrome, and rehospitalization for heart failure) for a median 5.3 years. During the follow‐up period, 80 patients experienced cardiac events. A high max‐
BT
4–10d
was strongly associated with long‐term cardiac events (hazard ratio, 95%
CI
) for a 1°C increase in the max‐
BT
4–10d
: 2.834 (2.017–3.828),
P
<0.0001, whereas the max‐
BT
1–3d
was not associated with cardiac events (1.136 [0.731–1.742],
P
=0.57). Even after adjustment for coronary risk factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, infarct size, pericardial effusion, and medications on discharge, fever during the second phase (max‐
BT
4–10d
≥37.1°C) was significantly associated with future cardiac events (hazard ratio [95%
CI
] 2.900 [1.710–5.143],
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

Fever during the second phase but not the first phase of post‐
STEMI
inflammation was a strong associated factor with worse long‐term cardiac outcomes in patients after
STEMI
, suggesting the need to consider the optimal timing for anti‐inflammatory strategies after
STEMI
.
A Schistostega pennata (Bryophyta) spore devourer in flagranti—a troglophyle mite Kunstidamaeus lengersdorfi (Acari, Oribatida: Damaeidae)
Authors: IGNATOV MICHAEL S. , SIDORCHUK EKATERINA A. , IGNATOVA ELENA A.
Published: July 2017

This is the first record of the intentional consumption of moss spores by an arthropod. A moss mite Kunstidamaeus lengersdorfi (Oribatida: Damaeidae) was observed in Moscow Province, Russia, as regularly visiting mature capsules of the moss Schistostega pennata (Schistostegaceae) and eating spores from the opened capsules. The spores of Schistostega are thin-walled, sticky, not dispersed by wind, and exposed at the capsule mouth for easy consumption, being very similar in this respect to the spores of the entomochorous mosses of the Splachnaceae family. Walking through Schistostega population, these mites carry a lot of its spores of their bodies. According to published data, Kunstidamaeus is mostly feeding on saprotrophic fungi and green algae. Behavioral observations as well as the gut content study show that Kunstidamaeus lengersdorfi can also feed on spores of Schistostega pennata. This is the first record of Kunstidamaeus lengersdorfi in Russia. Previously it was known in Central Europe at cave entrances. In a parallel way, Schistostega grows in Central Europe mostly in caves, while it recently explosively spread in boreal, especially spruce-dominated forests in the Central European Russia. The available data indicate that the mite range expansion had followed the expansion of its forage plant.
Serpoleskea minutissima comb. nov., a micro-rheophyte in the Pylaisiadelphaceae
Authors: BUCK WILLIAM R. , ALLEN BRUCE H.
Published: July 2017

A recent collection of Platydictya minutissima from Kentucky, U.S.A., prompted a re-examination of the species. Based on rhizoid placement and pseudoparaphyllium form, the taxon is transferred to Serpoleskea as S. minutissima (Sull. & Lesq.) W.R.Buck & B.H.Allen. The species is restricted to eastern North America. Ecologically the taxon grows on moist rocks in or along streams, becoming submerged at times of high water.
Diversity of the rheophytic condition in bryophytes: field observations from multiple continents
Authors: SHEVOCK JAMES R. , MA WEN-ZHANG , AKIYAMA HIROYUKI
Published: July 2017

Bryophytes occurring in riparian systems where they are seasonally submerged or inundated are poorly documented in many parts of the world. The actual number of rheophytic bryophytes remains speculative but we believe the number could easily exceed 500 taxa. Rheophytic bryophytes generally display highly disjunct populations and adjacent rivers and streams can have considerably different species composition. Water management in the form of flood control, dams, and hydroelectric development can adversely impact many rheophytic bryophyte species and communities due to changes in river ecology, timing of water flow, and water temperature. Specimens of rheophytic bryophytes are underrepresented in herbaria and labels rarely indicate the actual micro-habitat and ecological attributes for bryophytes collected within riparian systems. Many rheophytes are morphological anomalies compared to their terrestrial relatives and the evolution of the rheophytic condition has occurred repeatedly in many bryophyte lineages.
A new riverine species of the liverwort Fossombronia (Pelliales, Fossombroniaceae) from Ecuador
Authors: CRANDALL-STOTLER BARBARA J. , GRADSTEIN S. ROBBERT
Published: July 2017

A large, light green, mat-forming Fossombronia was discovered during explorations in the Río Anzu Reserve in eastern Ecuador in 2008. The plants were found only on scattered limestone boulders along the Río Anzu as it flowed through a narrow limestone gorge. A morphological study of specimens collected in 2008, using a combination of optical and scannning electron microscopy, was conducted. A unique suite of characters of this riverine Fossombronia, when compared with those of currently recognized species, supports its recognition as a new species, which is named and described herein as Fossombronia jostii Crand.-Stotl. & Gradst. The restriction of this species to a limestone, riverine habitat is shared by F. texana and F. wrightii, with which it shares some, but not all morphological characters. The impact of a major flooding event on the taxon is discussed, and a key is provided to the six species of Fossombronia currently known from Ecuador.
Is phenotypic variation reflected in habitat connectivity? A morphometric comparison of two moss species from insular and continuous habitats of the Amazon Basin
Authors: DA SILVA ANNA KELLY N. C. , DAMBROS CRISTIAN DE S. , PEREIRA MARTA R. , ZARTMAN CHARLES E.
Published: July 2017

The influence of habitat connectivity on dispersal limitation and genetic structure in bryophytes is relatively well researched; however, little is known as to how habitat insularity may impact phenotypic divergences on a continental scale. Here we conduct a morphometric analysis of five quantitative gametophytic traits from two Amazonian Calymperaceae (Syrrhopodon helicophyllus and Calymperes lonchophyllum) from contrasting habitats (Amazonian white-sands and terra firme forests) to test whether increased habitat insularity is correlated with greater inter-population divergence in phenotypic variation. We also test how much of the phenotypic variation among the two taxa is explained by three environmental variables (altitude, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation). The Amazonian species endemic to continuous terra-firme forest (C. lonchophyllum) revealed greater geographic structure in phenotypic variation that that of its counterpart (S. helicophyllus) of more insular white-sands forest habitats. Furthermore, environmental variables explained more of the phenotypic variation among populations of S. helicophyllus than for those of C. lonchophyllum. We attempt to explain these patterns as a result of either historical factors, divergent adaptive reproductive strategies, phenotypic plasticity and/or differences in the spatial scales of sampling effort among the two species. Understanding the role of habitat heterogeneity on speciation processes is a priority for understanding the origin and maintenance of floristic richness in the Amazon Basin. We propose that bryophyte studies highlighting morphometric data coupled with population genetic structure would greatly contribute to our understanding of evolutionary processes in this megadiverse Biome.
Resolving two enigmatic distributions in the genus Orthotrichum (Orthotrichaceae): A re-evaluation of Orthotrichum fenestratum and O. sordidum
Authors: VITT DALE H.
Published: July 2017

Orthotrichum fenestratum Card. & Thér, described from St. Paul Island and reported only from a few small islands in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Chain, was considered unique because of perforations in the exostome. Comparisons with the uncommon, but widespread, arctic-montane species, O. pylaisii Brid., indicates that like O. fenestratum, O. pylaisii also has exostomial perforations and these species are conspecific. The distribution of O. pylaisii is mapped for northwestern North America. Orthotrichum sordidum Sull. & Lesq. was described from eastern North America and then reported from East Asia and from scattered locations in Alaska and Greenland. All of the Alaskan specimens are O. pylaisii and also all of the Greenland specimens examined belong to this latter species; consequently O. sordidum should be removed from the floras of these northern regions. Similar to O. pylaisii, O. sordidum also has perforate (and fenestrate) exostome teeth, but differs in a number of features, including 8 vs.16 exostome teeth; deeply ribbed, emergent capsules vs. lightly ribbed, exserted capsules; and 8, well-developed endostome segments vs. rudimentary segments of O. pylaisii. Orthotrichum sordidum occurs almost exclusively on tree trunks, while O. pylaisii occurs on rock.
A Tribute to Janice Glime—A Stalwart Contributor to Bryology
Authors: SLACK NANCY , VITT DALE H.
Published: July 2017

We are very happy to dedicate this book to Janice M. Glime, Professor Emerita at Michigan Technological University.  Her name is probably familiar to more bryologists around the world that any other.  This is largely a result of her management (since 1996) of Bryonet (bryonet-L@mtu.edu), a wonderful bryophyte email discussion and news blog.  Under Janice’s management, Bryonet subscribers grew from about 170 in 1996 to 1,379 members as of March 2017 (http://iab-bryologists-website.blogspot.com/p/past.html).  Bryonet was originally established by Swedish bryologist Gillis Een in 1991 and then managed by Jan-Peter Frahm from 1991–1996.  Under Janice’s management, Bryonet has flourished and provides a key resource to graduate students and biologists from many continents, allowing persons to find sources, identify specimens, have questions answered, and have serious conversations on a variety of questions and methods related to bryophytes.  She was also a long-time IAB Council member and its president from 2005–2009.  In addition, Janice (pronounced Janeece) has been and continues to compose a comprehensive treatise on Bryophyte Ecology, (digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/).  Details are updated regularly with new information that anyone can download.  This is the only textbook-style treatment that is available for beginning classes in bryology and thanks to Janice is available free on the internet.
Structure, function and evolution of stomata from a bryological perspective

Authors: MERCED AMELIA , RENZAGLIA KAREN S.
Published: July 2017

Stomata are key innovations for the diversification of land plants. They consist of two differentiated epidermal cells or guard cells and a pore between that leads to an internal cavity. Mosses and hornworts are the earliest among extant land plants to have stomata, but unlike those in all other plants, bryophyte stomata are located exclusively on the sporangium of the sporophyte. Liverworts are the only group of plants that are entirely devoid of stomata. Stomata on leaves and stems of tracheophytes are involved in gas exchange and water transport. The function of stomata in bryophytes is highly debated and differs from that in tracheophytes in that they have been implicated in drying and dehiscence of the sporangium. Over the past decade, anatomical, physiological, developmental, and molecular studies have provided new insights on the function of stomata in bryophytes. In this review, we synthesize the contributions of these studies and provide new data on bryophyte stomata. We evaluate the potential role of stomata in moss and hornwort life histories and we identify areas that will provide valuable data in ascertaining the evolutionary history and function of stomata across land plants.
A new species of Cyclolejeunea (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneaceae) from the Chocó, Colombia
Authors: GRADSTEIN S. ROBBERT , REINER-DREHWALD M. ELENA
Published: July 2017

Cyclolejeunea is a small neotropical genus of six species and a common epiphyllous hepatic in lowland and montane rainforests. We describe the new species Cyclolejeunea glimeana M.E.Reiner & Gradst. from wet lowland rainforest along the Pacific coast of Colombia (Chocó). The new species is characterized by the absence of innovations, entire leaf margins, leaf lobules without any indication of a tooth, and ligulate, thalloid gemmae without rhizoids. The combination of morphological characters seen in C. glimeana sets this species well apart from the remaining members of the genus and warrants its placement in a separate subgenus, C. subg. Chocolejeunea M.E.Reiner & Gradst. subg. nov. Ecologically, the new species stands out by its preference for palm trunks. The new species is a further addition to the unusually rich flora of the Chocó region.
Drepanolejeunea glimeae (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneaceae), a new species from the lowland rainforests of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: ZHU RUI-LIANG , MOHAMED HAJI , PROMMA CHATCHABA , SHU LEI , ZHAO CHAO-XIAN , CHENG XIA-FANG
Published: July 2017

A new species, Drepanolejeunea glimeae (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneaceae), is described and illustrated from Brunei Darussalam. It was discovered in the lowland rainforests in Ulu Temburong. This new species is distinguished by the absence of gynoecial innovations, erectly to obliquely spreading underleaf lobes, large leaf lobule about 1/2 as long as the lobe, acute to obtuse apex of the leaf, occasional occurrence of ribbon-like regenerants at leaf margins, and occasional presence of ocelli in the female bracteole.
The Colorful Phenology of Five Common Terricolous Mosses in London, England
Authors: DUCKETT JEFFREY G. , PRESSEL SILVIA
Published: July 2017

Other than general statements about ‘fruiting’ seasons, published floras provide little or no instructive information on moss phenology. Moreover, detailed primary data on reproductive cycles are limited to a very few mosses and remain unknown for the majority of the commonest species. Thus we recorded, over a three year period, the reproductive stages of five very common mosses (Bryum capillare, B. radiculosum, Grimmia pulvinata, Schistidium crassipilum and Tortula muralis) growing on walls in London, England, relying throughout on freshly observed materials rather than dried specimens used in most previous studies. In addition to all the stages visible to the naked eye, which we photographed at regular intervals, specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of viable gametangia, young embryos and the condition of the stomata.         Each species had its own distinct phenology and an unique sequence of capsule colour changes. In the two Bryum species, gametangium ontogeny, followed by fertilization, takes place in the spring but the embryos remain dormant until the autumn whereas these stages are autumnal in Grimmia pulvinata, Schistidium crassipilum and Tortula muralis with sporophyte development following immediately. Most stages in sporophyte ontogeny occur over the winter months. The time from embryo formation to spore release ranges from over fifteen months in the two Bryum species down to eight months in Schistidium. In all but this last species there is a delay of up to several months between sporophyte maturation and spore release. In Bryum, hygroscopic movements of the annular cells following heavy rain eventually leads to lid shedding. Over the three years of this study the reproductive cycles were generally the same except that damp weather in the autumn promoted capsule expansion in Grimmia and Schistidium and warm dry weather in the spring hastened capsule maturation in Bryum. Whatever the weather conditions, the stomata of the two Bryum species, Grimmia and Tortula were always open suggesting a primary role in capsule desiccation leading to spore discharge rather than the regulation of gaseous exchange.
Ptychomitrium standleyi H.A.Crum, an interesting and new record to Brazil
Authors: COSTA DENISE PINHEIRO , ZANDER RICHARD H.
Published: July 2017

The genus Ptychomitrium is represented in Brazil by four species, with Ptychomitrium standleyi being reported for the first time. Ptychomitrium standleyi is only known from the type material from Guatemala and here is reported to the Atlantic rainforest.
Visions of the great mystery: Grounding the Algonquian manitow concept
Authors: Westman Clinton N , Joly Tara L
Published: July 2017

This article provides an overview of the Algonquian manitow concept. Manitow is often translated as spirit, god or mythical being, but reflects more complex and culturally grounded ideas about power in animist ontologies. The article suggests that manitow should be translated with care, with attention to a range of meanings. The authors refer primarily to Cree examples from Alberta, Canada, but also take a broader view to consider examples from other Algonquian contexts. Beginning with a discussion of definitions, the article then turns to the concept’s theoretical career. The article provides data on the contemporary dynamics of the manitow in the context of Cree religious pluralism, as well as on the emplacement of manitow relations through toponymy, particularly as seen around lakes named manitow sâkahikan.
Visualizing Latent Class Models with Analysis-of-distance BIPLOTS
Authors: Bakk Zsuzsa , le Roux Niel J.
Published: July 2017

The authors propose using categorical analysis-of-distance biplots to visualize the posterior classifications arising from a latent class (LC) model. Using this multivariate plot, it is possible to visualize in two (or three) dimensions the profile of multiple LCs, specifically both the within- and between-class variation, and the overlap or separation of the classes together with the class weights. Furthermore, visualization of the relative density of each of the data patterns associated with a class is possible. The authors illustrate this approach with real data examples of LC models with three and more classes.
Robust L1 filtering for a nonlinear system described by a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model with distributed delay and probabilistic interval delay
Authors: Li Yanhui , Li Yulong
Published: July 2017

This study concentrates on investigating the robust [Formula: see text] filtering problem for a nonlinear system described by a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model with distributed delay and time-varying delay. The stochastic distribution characteristic of the network-induced delay is considered, and the Bernoulli distributed sequence is utilized to represent the probability distribution of the delay appearing in certain intervals. Firstly, according to parallel distributed compensation, an augmented system with stochastic variable is established. Next, the [Formula: see text] performance criterion guaranteeing the mean-square asymptotic stability of the fuzzy filtering error system is formulated, by taking advantage of a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii function and the integral inequality method. Thirdly, the robust [Formula: see text] filtering problem is converted into a convex optimization problem and solved using the linear matrix inequality technique. Finally, the results are provided by numerical simulation to certify the effectiveness of the designed filter.
Clinical outcome prediction after thrombectomy of proximal middle cerebral artery occlusions by the appearance of lenticulostriate arteries on magnetic resonance angiography: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kaesmacher Johannes , Kreiser Kornelia , Manning Nathan W , Gersing Alexandra S , Wunderlich Silke , Zimmer Claus , Kleine Justus F , Wiestler Benedikt , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias
Published: July 2017

Post-ischemic vasodynamic changes in infarcted brain parenchyma are common and range from hypo- to hyperperfusion. In the present study, appearance of the lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs) on postinterventional 3T time-of-flight (TOF)-MRA suggestive for altered post-stroke vasodynamics following thrombectomy was investigated. Patients who underwent thrombectomy for a proximal MCA occlusion and for whom postinterventional 3T TOF-MRA (median at day 3) was available, were included in this retrospective analysis (n=98). LSA appearance was categorized into presence (LSA-sign+) or absence (LSA-sign−) of vasodilatation in the ischemic hemisphere. Functional outcome was determined using the modified Rankin scale (mRS). LSA-sign+ was observed in 64/98 patients. Hypertension (adjusted OR: 0.171, 95% CI: 0.046–0.645) and preinterventional IV rtPA (adjusted OR: 0.265, 95% CI: 0.088–0.798) were associated with absence of the LSA-sign+. In multivariate logistic regression, LSA-sign+ was associated with substantial neurologic improvement (adjusted OR: 10.18, 95% CI: 2.69–38.57) and good functional outcome (discharge-mRS ≤ 2, adjusted OR: 7.127, 95% CI: 1.913–26.551 and day 90 mRS ≤ 2, adjusted OR: 3.786, 95% CI: 1.026–13.973) after correcting for relevant confounders. For all clinical endpoints, model fit improved when including the LSA-sign term (p<0.05). Asymmetrical dilatation of LSAs following successful thrombectomy indicates favorable neurologic and mid-term functional outcomes. This may indicate preserved cerebral blood flow regulatory mechanisms.
Agricultural robot dataset for plant classification, localization and mapping on sugar beet fields
Authors: Chebrolu Nived , Lottes Philipp , Schaefer Alexander , Winterhalter Wera , Burgard Wolfram , Stachniss Cyrill
Published: July 2017

There is an increasing interest in agricultural robotics and precision farming. In such domains, relevant datasets are often hard to obtain, as dedicated fields need to be maintained and the timing of the data collection is critical. In this paper, we present a large-scale agricultural robot dataset for plant classification as well as localization and mapping that covers the relevant growth stages of plants for robotic intervention and weed control. We used a readily available agricultural field robot to record the dataset on a sugar beet farm near Bonn in Germany over a period of three months in the spring of 2016. On average, we recorded data three times per week, starting at the emergence of the plants and stopping at the state when the field was no longer accessible to the machinery without damaging the crops. The robot carried a four-channel multi-spectral camera and an RGB-D sensor to capture detailed information about the plantation. Multiple lidar and global positioning system sensors as well as wheel encoders provided measurements relevant to localization, navigation, and mapping. All sensors had been calibrated before the data acquisition campaign. In addition to the data recorded by the robot, we provide lidar data of the field recorded using a terrestrial laser scanner. We believe this dataset will help researchers to develop autonomous systems operating in agricultural field environments. The dataset can be downloaded from http://www.ipb.uni-bonn.de/data/sugarbeets2016/ .
The Development and Validation of a Subjective Assessment Tool for the Hip in the Athletic Population
Authors: Papaliodis Dean N. , Banffy Michael B. , Limpisvasti Orr , Mohr Karen , Mehran Nima , Photopoulos Christos D. , Kvitne Ronald , ElAttrache Neal S.
Published: July 2017

Background:

No validated functional assessments are available that are designed specifically to evaluate the performance and function of the athletic hip. Subsections of some validated outcome assessments address recreation, but a full assessment dedicated to athletic hip function does not exist. Current hip scoring systems may not be sensitive to subtle changes in performance and function in an athletic, younger population.

Hypothesis:

The patient-athlete subjective scoring system developed in this study will be validated, reliable, and responsive in the evaluation of hip function in the athlete.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Based on the results of a pilot questionnaire administered to 18 athletic individuals, a final 10-item questionnaire was developed. Two hundred fifty competitive athletes from multiple sports completed the final questionnaire and 3 previously validated hip outcome assessments. Each athlete was self-assigned to 1 of 3 injury categories: (1) playing without hip/groin trouble; (2) playing, but with hip/groin trouble; and (3) not playing due to hip/groin trouble. The injury categories contained 196, 40, and 14 athletes, respectively. Correlations between the assessment scores and injury categories were measured. Responsiveness testing was performed in an additional group of 24 injured athletes, and their scores before and after intervention were compared.

Results:

The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Athletic Hip Score showed high correlation with the modified Harris Hip Score, the Nonarthritic Hip Score, and the International Hip Outcome Tool. The new score stratified athletes by injury category, demonstrated responsiveness and accuracy, and varied appropriately with improvements in injury category after treatment of injuries.

Conclusion:

The new KJOC Athletic Hip Score is valid, reliable, and responsive for evaluation of the hip in an athletic population. The results support its use for the functional assessment of the hip in future studies.
A Prospective Study on the Effect of Sport Specialization on Lower Extremity Injury Rates in High School Athletes
Authors: McGuine Timothy A. , Post Eric G. , Hetzel Scott J. , Brooks M. Alison , Trigsted Stephanie , Bell David R.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Sport specialization is associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal lower extremity injuries (LEIs) in adolescent athletes presenting in clinical settings. However, sport specialization and the incidence of LEIs have not been investigated prospectively in a large population of adolescent athletes.

Purpose:

To determine if sport specialization was associated with an increased risk of LEIs in high school athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Participants (interscholastic athletes in grades 9-12) were recruited from 29 Wisconsin high schools during the 2015-2016 school year. Participants completed a questionnaire identifying their sport participation and history of LEIs. Sport specialization of low, moderate, or high was determined using a previously published 3-point scale. Athletic trainers reported all LEIs that occurred during the school year. Analyses included group proportions, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, and days lost due to injury (median and interquartile range [IQR]). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were calculated to investigate the association between the incidence of LEIs and sport specialization level.

Results:

A total of 1544 participants (50.5% female; mean age, 16.1 ± 1.1 years) enrolled in the study, competed in 2843 athletic seasons, and participated in 167,349 athlete-exposures. Sport specialization was classified as low (59.5%), moderate (27.1%), or high (13.4%). Two hundred thirty-five participants (15.2%) sustained a total of 276 LEIs that caused them to miss a median of 7.0 days (IQR, 2.0-22.8). Injuries occurred most often to the ankle (34.4%), knee (25.0%), and upper leg (12.7%) and included ligament sprains (40.9%), muscle/tendon strains (25.4%), and tendinitis/tenosynovitis (19.6%). The incidence of LEIs for moderate participants was higher than for low participants (HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.04-2.20]; P = .03). The incidence of LEIs for high participants was higher than for low participants (HR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.12-3.06]; P = .02).

Conclusion:

Athletes with moderate or high sport specialization were more likely to sustain an LEI than athletes with low specialization. Sports medicine providers need to educate coaches, parents, and interscholastic athletes regarding the increased risk of LEIs for athletes who specialize in a single sport.
Meta-analysis of the Risk of Infections After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by Graft Type
Authors: Bansal Anchal , Lamplot Joseph D. , VandenBerg James , Brophy Robert H.
Published: July 2017

Background:

An infection after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a relatively rare but challenging complication. There are no meta-analyses comparing the incidence of infections after ACL reconstruction with the various available graft choices.

Purpose:

To compare the incidence of infections after ACL reconstruction with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autografts compared with hamstring autografts, with a secondary aim of comparing the incidence of infections after reconstruction with autografts compared with allografts.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed to identify level 1 and 2 studies that reported the incidence of infections by graft type after ACL reconstruction. Studies that evaluated patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with an autograft, allograft, or combination of autograft and allograft and reported the number of postoperative infections by graft type utilized were considered for inclusion. Studies were excluded if they included revision ACL reconstruction or did not specify the number of infections by graft type. Study findings were reviewed, and meta-analysis was performed when data were sufficiently homogeneous.

Results:

Twenty-one studies meeting criteria were identified from the literature review. Meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in the incidence of deep infections between BPTB autografts and hamstring autografts, with the BPTB group displaying a 77% lower incidence of infections compared with the hamstring group (relative risk [RR], 0.23; 95% CI, 0.097-0.54). The incidence of infections was 66% lower with BPTB autografts compared with all other graft types, with a pooled RR of 0.33 (95% CI, 0.15-0.71). There was no significant difference in the incidence of infections after ACL reconstruction with autografts compared with allografts (RR, 1.035; 95% CI, 0.589-1.819).

Conclusion:

The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate a significantly lower incidence of deep infections after ACL reconstruction with BPTB autografts compared with hamstring autografts but not compared with allografts.

Clinical Relevance:

Although the overall infection rate after ACL reconstruction is relatively low, the significantly higher rate of infections with hamstring autografts compared with BPTB autografts should be a consideration when discussing graft choices for ACL reconstruction.
Disparities in the Prevalence of Unmet Needs and Their Consequences Among Black and White Older Adults
Authors: Berridge Clara , Mor Vincent
Published: July 2017

Objective:We document differential prevalence of need for assistance with personal, instrumental, and mobility tasks and adverse consequences of unmet needs, nursing home relocation, and mortality among Black and White older adults. Method: Data are from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Using logistic and multinomial logistic regression, we determine whether race is predictive of reporting need or adverse consequence and test the role of race as a moderator of the relationship between baseline need and three 1-year outcomes. Results: Black older adults are more likely to experience a consequence of unmet need (35.33% vs. 29.97%, p = .028) in unadjusted models. In adjusted models, we find no moderating effect of race on baseline need on nursing home placement (0.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−2.43, 2.42], p = .991), mortality (0.73, 95% = [−1.58, 0.11], p = .089), or a Round 2 consequence of unmet (−0.51, 95% CI = [−1.15, 0.14], p = .121). Discussion: This work highlights the complex relationship between race, need, unmet need, mortality, and nursing home entry.
As You Sow, So Shall You Reap: Gender-Role Attitudes and Late-Life Cognition
Authors: Bonsang Eric , Skirbekk Vegard , Staudinger Ursula M.
Published: July 2017

Some studies have found that women outperform men in episodic memory after midlife. But is this finding universal, and what are the reasons? Gender differences in cognition are the result of biopsychosocial interactions throughout the life course. Social-cognitive theory of gender development posits that gender roles may play an important mediating role in these interactions. We analyzed country differences in the gender differential in cognition after midlife using data from individuals age 50 and above ( N = 226,661) from 27 countries. As expected, older women performed relatively better in countries characterized by more equal gender-role attitudes. This result was robust to cohort differences as well as reverse causality. The effect was partially mediated by education and labor-force participation. Cognition in later life thus cannot be fully understood without reference to the opportunity structures that sociocultural environments do (or do not) provide. Global population aging raises the importance of understanding that gender roles affect old-age cognition and productivity.
Sound power level and sound pressure level characterization of a small unmanned aircraft system during flight operations
Authors: Papa Umberto , Iannace Gino , Del Core Giuseppe , Giordano Giovanna
Published: July 2017

Unmanned aerial vehicles, actually Federal Aviation Administration calls them unmanned aircraft systems, have aroused a great deal for many applications in the scientific, civil, and military sectors. The goal of this article is to evaluate the acoustic emissions of some small unmanned aircraft systems during normal flight operations (e.g. take off, landing, turning, and hovering) related to electric engines and propellers. This analysis will be useful for developing a system (unmanned aircraft systems Tracking and Reconnaissance System), which will be able to locate a small unmanned aircraft system using its sound power level, in a prefixed area. The investigation on sound power levels and sound pressure level is based on EN ISO 3745, which specifies measurement method. The acoustic measurements were carried out in an anechoic room, and the results of each unmanned aircraft system have been presented and discussed.