bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Electronic Structure of Tungsten Oxide for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Xu Wei , Ni Xingming‐M. , Zhang Lunjia‐J. , Yang Fan , Peng Zheng , Huang Yifan‐F. , Liu Zhi
Published: January 2022

Engineering the electronic structure of HER catalysts has been suggested to improve the performance of noble metal‐free catalysts in alkaline electrolytes. Herein, we demonstrated that a suitable cation doping in the tungsten oxide catalyst modified the interfacial structure, surface chemical state and band gap value, which enhanced the HER performance. For the experiments, the cation (Ni, Co and Fe) doped tungsten oxide catalysts were synthesized on nickel foam, on which Ni‐based alloy was decorated. The Co doped catalyst (Co−WO) exhibited an extraordinary HER activity, with a low overpotential of 30 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1. In this system, the Ni‐based alloy–tungsten oxide interface facilitated water dissociation. Moreover, the decreased band gap and improved conductivity induced by Co doping, further enhanced the charge transfer ability in the HER process. The regulated metal‐oxide heterostructure coupled with cation doping endowed the catalyst with efficient interface active sites, superior electrical conductivity, and enhanced electron transfer kinetics, facilitating the HER performance.
Single DNA Origami Detection by Nanoimpact Electrochemistry
Authors: Pensa Evangelina , Bogawat Yash , Simmel Friedrich C. , Santiago Ibon
Published: January 2022

DNA has emerged as the material of choice for producing supramolecular building blocks of arbitrary geometry from the ‘bottom up′. Characterisation of these structures via electron or atomic force microscopy usually requires their surface immobilisation. In this work, we developed a nanoimpact electrochemistry platform to detect DNA self‐assembled origami structures in solution, using the intercalator methylene blue as a redox probe. Here, we report the electrochemical detection of single DNA origami collisions at Pt microelectrodes. Our work paves the way towards the characterisation of DNA nanostructures in solution via nanoimpact electrochemistry.
Copper‐Mediated and Catalyzed C—H Bond Amination via Chelation Assistance: Scope, Mechanism and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Ma Jiao‐Li , Zhou Xu‐Ming , Guo Peng‐Hu , Cheng Hui‐Cheng , Ji Hong‐bing
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Nitrogen‐containing compounds are ubiquitously found in the fields of organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, medicinal chemistry and functional materials. The C—H bond amination reaction is one of the most straightforward protocols in the C—N bond formation, showing "step" and "atomic" economy. As a catalyst for C—H amination reaction, copper exhibits its unique catalytic properties due to easily accessible oxidation states. The research progress of copper‐catalyzed C—H amination in recent years is summarized. At the same time, reaction mechanisms are also briefly described in representative aminations to provide insights for the development prospects of highly practical and more environmentally benign processes.
PROTOCOL: Social and behaviour change communication interventions for strengthening HIV prevention and research among adolescent girls and young women in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Bose Devi Leena , Hundal Anhad , Seth Kuhika , Hadi Saif ul , Singh Sabina , Singh Shweta , Saran Ashrita , Goyal Kriti , Joseph Jessy , Salve Solomon
Published: January 2022

Despite progress in several dimensions of the global HIV response, there seems to be a significant gender and age disparity. Numerous organizations consider it a top priority to accelerate HIV prevention programming among Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) as unequal gender norms, limited agency and voice, and reduced access to resources put them at higher HIV risk. Gender and age have also been identified as critical gaps within prevention research to ensure the development of biomedical interventions that are responsive to the biological and social needs of AGYW. Towards this, the objectives of the proposed evidence and gap map are to; identify and map existing evidence and gaps on the use of diverse Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) strategies to strengthen adoption of HIV prevention measures and participation in research among AGYW in LMICs; and, identify areas where more interventions and evidence are needed to inform the design of future SBCC strategies and programs for AGYW engagement in HIV prevention and research.
hERG Optimization of Benzofuro−Pyridine and Pyrazino−Indole Derivatives as MCHR1 Antagonists
Authors: Huszár József , Bozó Éva , Beke Gyula , Katalin Szalai Krisztina , Kardos Péter , Boros András , Greiner István , Éles János
Published: January 2022

Obesity is a global epidemic associated with multiple severe diseases. Several pharmacotherapies have been investigated including the antagonists of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1). The design, synthesis, and biological studies of novel MCHR1 antagonists based on benzofuro−pyridine and pyrazino−indole scaffold was performed. We confirmed that fine‐tuning lipophilicity and basic pKa by modifying the benzyl group and introducing different substituents on the aliphatic nitrogen sidechain decreases both hERG inhibition and metabolic clearance. We have succeeded to develop excellent in vitro parameters in the case of compounds 17 (4‐[(5‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)methoxy]‐1‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐8‐oxa‐4‐azatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]trideca‐1(13),2(7),9,11‐tetraen‐11‐yl]‐1,2‐dihydropyridin‐2‐one monohydrochloride) and 23 g (4‐[(5‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)methoxy]‐1‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrazino[1,2‐a]indol‐8‐yl)pyridin‐2(1H)‐one monohydrochloride), which can be considered as valuable tools for further pharmacological investigation.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) Research: Methods and Approaches
Authors: Ogbogu Ubaka , Ahmed Natasha
Published: January 2022

The article provides an overview of select methodologies that are commonly used in ELSI (“ethical, legal, and social implications”) research. ELSI is a field that focuses on the analysis of the societal implications of cutting‐edge biomedical research and technologies. The article aims to provide an accessible reference on well‐established research methods that aspiring and seasoned ELSI researchers can rely on as a starting point for exploring how to design and conduct ELSI studies. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
An enhanced HFPA‐IHS‐ORP‐based optimization mechanism for efficient bandwidth allocation in software‐defined networks
Authors: Paulraj Jeyabharathi , Rajaram Mahalakshmi
Published: January 2022

Nowadays, due to the increased amount of network users and resources, some emerging technologies like big data and cloud have been developed. But managing these types of networks is more complex; in order to solve this issue, a software‐defined network (SDN) is developed for managing the network in a comfortable manner, in which maintaining load balance and energy efficiency of network is highly important to satisfy the requirements of quality of service (QoS). For these reasons, various optimization‐based algorithms are developed in the traditional works, but these lack with the limitations of increased network traffic and energy consumption. In order to solve these issues, an enhanced hybrid flower pollination algorithm (HFPA) with improved harmony search (IHS) is developed in this paper. It intends to obtain an improved resource utilization and reduced network load and delay by efficiently allocating the bandwidth to the network. Moreover, an optimal routing protocol (ORP) is employed to perform the data transmission with condensed network traffic. During experimentation, the performance results of the proposed algorithm are examined and compared with some traditional methodologies. From the results, it is noted that the proposed HFPA‐IHS‐ORP provides the better results than the existing methods.
Integrity is the heart of the accreditation process
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: January 2022

In December 2016, Atlanta Technical College was put on a six‐month warning by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges for “failure to comply with Principle 1.1 (integrity) and comprehensive 3.13.1 (accrediting decisions of other agencies),” (Accreditation Actions taken by the SACSCOC Board of Trustees, Dec. 4, 2016).
Atypical histiocytoid cells in fine‐needle aspiration cytology of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Chen Yun‐An , Lin Shu‐Jiuan , Teng Hsin‐Yu , Yang Chi‐Shun
Published: January 2022

Background

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of cervical lymph nodes is an effective diagnostic tool to detect metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) when typical cytomorphologic features of PTC are observed. However, the presence of atypical histiocytoid cells (AHCs) due to cystic degeneration sometimes poses a diagnostic challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence and cytomorphology of AHCs in metastatic PTC.

Methods

We analyzed a total of 76 FNA cytological samples of cervical lymph nodes from 66 patients with metastatic PTC diagnosed during approximately 10‐year period, from January 2010 to April 2020. Samples were either liquid based preparation (n = 53) or conventional smear (n = 23).

Results

AHCs were present in 38 (50%) of the 76 FNA cases and the remaining 38 cases showed classic PTC features. Among the 38 cases, eight displayed pure AHCs that constituted 10.5% of all the metastatic PTC in the lymph nodes. Pure AHCs were more commonly detected in the liquid based preparation (7/53, 13.2%) than the conventional smear (1/23, 4.3%). The remaining 30 cases had AHCs mixed with the characteristic PTC components. The presence of AHCs was found to be statistically associated with cystic background (p < .002).

Conclusion

Metastatic PTC frequently exhibits cystic degeneration and the FNA cytology may not yield classic cytological features of PTC. Pure AHCs composed 10.5% of all cases and might be a potential pitfall for liquid based preparation in diagnosing metastatic PTC. The finding of AHCs within the cystic background should raise the concern of metastatic PTC.
The iceberg phenomenon of alopecia associated public health ramifications on the quality of life among adults in India
Authors: Kumar Vaibhav , Shome Debraj , Atre Swarali Y. , Nagarsekar Aradhana , Gaunkar Ridhima , Kapoor Rinky , Doshi Komal
Published: January 2022

Background

Psychosocial implications and effect on the quality of life of individuals due to alopecia are underestimated. This article aims at highlighting its public health ramifications by assessing the quality of life and various factors influencing it.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted among 800 adult patients visiting four dermatological clinics in Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata and Bangalore. Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scale and the Hair‐Specific Skindex‐29 (HSS‐29) scale were used. Demographic characteristics affecting alopecia were noted and Hamilton–Norwood and Ludwig's classification was used for baldness classification in males and females respectively. SPSS software analyzed the data. Descriptive analysis through frequency distribution was calculated. χ2 test was computed. Unpaired t‐test compared the responses of males and females. p‐values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results

The mean DQLI score were 14.57 ± 4.15 in females and 13.15 ± 3.18 in males. The mean HSS‐29 score for women (87.81 ± 15. 65) was significantly more than for men (77.81 ± 13. 28). The HSS‐29 index is further categorized into three domains. The “symptom” domain score for women was 19.89 ± 4.13 as opposed to 13.34 ± 2.86 of males. The “function” domain was more in males (34.71 ± 7.31) than females (32.74 ± 3.45). Women (35.18 ± 3.17) scored higher than men (29.76 ± 8. 83) in the “emotion” domain.

Conclusion

The psychosocial impact of alopecia was greater in women than men. The mental health relevance and public health concern of alopecia need to be recognized and an inter‐disciplinary approach should be adopted for its resolution.
Evidence of requirement for homologous‐mediated DNA repair during Ambystoma mexicanum limb regeneration
Authors: García‐Lepe Ulises Omar , Torres‐Dimas Esteban , Espinal‐Centeno Annie , Cruz‐Ramírez Alfredo , Bermúdez‐Cruz Rosa María
Published: January 2022

Background

Limb regeneration in the axolotl is achieved by epimorphosis, thus depending on the blastema formation, a mass of progenitor cells capable of proliferating and differentiating to recover all lost structures functionally. During regeneration, the blastema cells accelerate the cell cycle and duplicate its genome, which is inherently difficult to replicate because of its length and composition, thus being prone to suffer double‐strand breaks.

Results

We identified and characterized two remarkable components of the homologous recombination repair pathway (Amex.RAD51 and Amex.MRE11), which were heterologously expressed, biochemically characterized, and inhibited by specific chemicals. These same inhibitors were applied at different time points after amputation to study their effects during limb regeneration. We observed an increase in cellular senescent accompanied by a slight delay in regeneration at 28 days postamputation regenerated tissues; moreover, inhibitors caused a rise in the double‐strand break signaling as a response to the inhibition of the repair mechanisms.

Conclusions

We confirmed the participation and importance of homologous recombination during limb regeneration. The chemical inhibition induces double‐strand breaks that lead to DNA damage associated senescence, or in an alternatively way, this damage could be possibly repaired by a different DNA repair pathway, permitting proper regeneration and avoiding senescence.
Non‐zero‐sum neutrality test for the tropical rain forest community using long‐term between‐census data
Authors: Takeuchi Yayoi , Ohtsuki Hisashi , Innan Hideki
Published: January 2022

For community ecologists, “neutral or not?” is a fundamental question, and thus, rejecting neutrality is an important first step before investigating the deterministic processes underlying community dynamics. Hubbell's neutral model is an important contribution to the exploration of community dynamics, both technically and philosophically. However, the neutrality tests for this model are limited by a lack of statistical power, partly because the zero‐sum assumption of the model is unrealistic. In this study, we developed a neutrality test for local communities that implements non‐zero‐sum community dynamics and determines the number of new species (Nsp) between observations. For the non‐zero‐sum neutrality test, the model distributed the expected Nsp, as calculated by extensive simulations, which allowed us to investigate the neutrality of the observed community by comparing the observed Nsp with distributions of the expected Nsp derived from the simulations. For this comparison, we developed a new “non‐zero‐sum Nsp test,” which we validated by running multiple neutral simulations using different parameter settings. We found that the non‐zero‐sum Nsp test rejected neutrality at a near‐significance level, which justified the validity of our approach. For an empirical test, the non‐zero‐sum Nsp test was applied to real tropical tree communities in Panama and Malaysia. The non‐zero‐sum Nsp test rejected neutrality in both communities when the observation interval was long and Nsp was large. Hence, the non‐zero‐sum Nsp test is an effective way to examine neutrality and has reasonable statistical power to reject the neutral model, especially when the observed Nsp is large. This unique and simple approach is statistically powerful, even though it only employs two temporal sequences of community data. Thus, this test can be easily applied to existing datasets. In addition, application of the test will provide significant benefits for detecting changing biodiversity under climate change and anthropogenic disturbance.
Soluble neprilysin and survival in critically ill patients
Authors: Lenz Max , Krychtiuk Konstantin A. , Brekalo Mira , Draxler Dominik F. , Pavo Noemi , Hengstenberg Christian , Huber Kurt , Hülsmann Martin , Heinz Gottfried , Wojta Johann , Speidl Walter S.
Published: January 2022

Background

Critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) exhibit a high mortality rate irrespective of the initial cause of hospitalization. Neprilysin, a neutral endopeptidase degrading an array of vasoactive peptides became a drug target within the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The aim of this study was to analyse whether circulating levels of neprilysin at ICU admission are associated with 30 day mortality.

Methods and results

In this single‐centre prospective observational study, 222 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary ICU at a university hospital were included. Blood was drawn at admission and soluble neprilysin levels were measured using ELISA. In the total cohort, soluble neprilysin levels did not differ according to survival status after 30 days as well as type of admission. However, in patients after surgery or heart valve intervention, 30 day survivors exhibited significantly lower circulating neprilysin levels as compared to those who died within 30 days (660.2, IQR: 156.4–2512.5 pg/mL vs. 6532.6, IQR: 1840.1–10 000.0 pg/mL; P = 0.02). Soluble neprilysin predicted mortality independently from age, gender, and commonly used scores of risk‐prediction (EuroSCORE II, STS‐score, and SAPS II score). Additionally, soluble neprilysin was markedly elevated in patients with sepsis and septic shock (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

At the time of ICU admission, circulating levels of neprilysin independently predicted 30 day mortality in patients following cardiac surgery or heart valve intervention, but not in critically ill medical patients. Furthermore, patients suffering from sepsis and septic shock displayed significantly increased circulating neprilysin levels.
Severity Classification of Clinical Signs and Defining the Moribund State as an Experimental Endpoint for Acute Toxicity Testing Using Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Yamagishi Takahiro , Kawano Machi , Watanabe Haruna , Yagi Ayano , Shintaku Yoko , Ohno Koichi , Yamamoto Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

Use of the moribund state as an endpoint for acute toxicity testing in fish is complicated by the lack of consensus about the sublethal signs that define the state or that can predict imminent death. Defining the moribund state in fish requires determination of the association between each observable sublethal sign and transition to imminent death. To establish a criterion for defining the moribund state in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), we determined death/clinical-sign ratios, defined as the proportion of fish with each clinical sign that transitioned to imminent death, for 13 clinical signs observed in individually housed fish exposed to one of two typical toxicants, three pharmaceuticals, two pesticides, and one metal. Also, the time from onset of each clinical sign to transition to imminent death (referred to as the survival time) was determined by continuous monitoring. Three of the observed clinical signs—immobility, lethargy, and immobility at the surface—were found to be indicators of the moribund state, with each of these signs having a death/clinical-sign ratio of 1.0. Evaluation of the survival time after onset of the other 10 signs enabled determination of whether timely euthanasia would be appropriate, thereby providing a means of reducing the suffering of laboratory fish in the period before death. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1089–1095. © 2022 SETAC
Anti‐inflammatory actions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in fetal mouse jejunum cultures ex vivo and immature small intestinal cells in vitro
Authors: Huang Shengnan , Gao Yanan , Wang Ziwei , Yang Xue , Wang Jiaqi , Zheng Nan
Published: January 2022

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that frequently occurs in premature infants. Presently, there is no effective therapy for NEC. Therefore, the key to reduce the incidence rate of NEC is to take effective intervention measures as early as possible. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), the principal terminal products of enterobacteria fermentation, play anti‐inflammatory actions in mature intestinal cells. However, few studies focus on their roles in immature intestine. Here, we evaluated the anti‐inflammatory actions of SCFAs ex vivo with ICR fetal mouse jejunum cultures and explored the potential anti‐inflammatory regulators through RNA‐seq and then verified them in vitro with human fetal small intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int cells. In this study, we found that acetate, propionate, and butyrate decreased IL‐1β‐induced production of CXCL2 ex vivo and IL‐8 and IL‐6 in vitro significantly (p < .05). Furthermore, the inhibitors of NF‐κB p65, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 pathways, which were selected from RNA‐seq and depressed by SCFAs, also significantly decreased IL‐8 and IL‐6 productions induced by IL‐1β (p < .05). Therefore, our results showed that acetate, propionate, and butyrate ameliorated the fetal small intestine inflammatory response induced by IL‐1β through inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway; NF‐κB p65, JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 pathways; or NF‐κB p65 and ERK1/2 pathways, respectively. These findings suggested that SCFAs may be a new therapy agent for NEC.
Perceived diversity norms, cultural identity styles and bicultural identity consolidation in two bicultural groups in Australia
Authors: Ng Tseung‐Wong Caroline , Dandy Justine , Lane Marguerite
Published: January 2022

In this study, we investigate the relationships among contextual variables of perceived diversity norms‐ multiculturalism, assimilation and polyculturalism, identity styles and identity consolidation in bicultural Australians. The Multicultural Identity Styles Scale proposes two identity strategies, hybrid identity style (HIS) and alternating identity style (AIS) as processes through which individuals negotiate their bicultural identities. We test a model whereby perceived diversity norms predict bicultural identity consolidation directly and indirectly via HIS in samples of British (n = 195) and non‐British (n = 181) Australians. Participants (56.9% females, mean age = 41.52) completed an online survey on perceived diversity norms, the MISS and bicultural identity consolidation. Results showed that for non‐British Australians, there was a positive indirect effect of perceived multiculturalism norms on bicultural identity consolidation via HIS. Perceived assimilation was directly (and negatively) linked to bicultural identity consolidation but indirectly via HIS. In British Australians only perceived polyculturalism was directly and indirectly associated to bicultural identity consolidation via HIS, whereas perceived multiculturalism and assimilation norms were negatively associated to bicultural identity consolidation. The results are discussed in terms of the differential roles of perceived diversity norms on bicultural identity processes and consolidation relative to the nature of the cultural group.
Identification of white blood cells for the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Roy Reena M. , Ameer P. M.
Published: January 2022

The diagnosis of hematologic malignancies such as leukemia includes identifying malignant white blood cells. Manual microscopic analysis of white blood cells is time‐consuming and involves the assistance of medical specialists, and its accuracy may be affected by their abilities. Our objective is to develop an automated system that can identify 15 categories of white blood cells to assist medical practitioners in diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia. The proposed approach uses an ensemble model built with transfer learning‐based pre‐trained networks to categorize 15 kinds of white blood cells. An over‐sampling strategy is used to alleviate the problem of class imbalance, followed by data augmentation. For experimentation, a microscopic blood image dataset containing 18 365 cells images from 200 individuals representing 15 different forms of leukocytes is used. For cells with more than 400 images available, the suggested technique achieves an F1 score of more than 91%. Myeloblasts, which are frequent in myeloid leukemias and are detected in the peripheral blood, are recognized with an average precision of 95.74%. This work describes an image processing strategy that employs ensemble learning to assist in diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia by classifying 15 different types of leukocytes. Experiments show that our technique is both practical and effective. Extensive research supports the use of the leukocyte classifier in real‐world medical applications, such as assisting clinicians in diagnosing diseases and decreasing human resource requirements.
Retracted: Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by magnetic chitosan‐salicylaldehyde Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, thermal study and antibacterial activity
Authors: Hachem Kadda , Jasim Saade Abdalkareem , Al‐Gazally Moaed E. , Riadi Yassine , Yasin Ghulam , Turki Jalil Abduladheem , Abdulkadhm Mohammed Mustafa , Saleh Marwan Mahmood , Fenjan Mohammed N. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Dehno Khalaji Aliakbar
Published: January 2022

Retraction: [Kadda Hachem, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Moaed E. Al‐Gazally, Yassine Riadi, Ghulam Yasin, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Mohammed Mustafa Abdulkadhm, Marwan Mahmood Saleh, Mohammed N. Fenjan, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji, Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by magnetic chitosan‐salicylaldehyde Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, thermal study and antibacterial activity, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2022, 69, 512‐521 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jccs.202100507)].

The above article published online on 18 January 2022 in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.202100507), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Jye‐Shane Yang, the Chemical Society Located in Taipei, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH, Weinheim. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party regarding authorship for sale. During the publication process, the authors list was systematically and substantially manipulated. Unambiguous evidence was found that the majority of contributors do not fulfill contributorship criteria for this manuscript.
Effects of behavioural interventions on postpartum retention and adherence among women with HIV on lifelong ART: the results of a cluster randomized trial in Kenya (the MOTIVATE trial)
Authors: Abuogi Lisa L. , Onono Maricianah , Odeny Thomas A. , Owuor Kevin , Helova Anna , Hampanda Karen , Odwar Tobias , Onyango Dickens , McClure Leslie A. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Turan Janet M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction

 Retention in HIV care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy and postpartum for women living with HIV (WLWH) are necessary to optimize health outcomes for women and infants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two evidenced‐based behavioural interventions on postpartum adherence and retention in WLWH in Kenya.

Methods

The Mother‐Infant Visit Adherence and Treatment Engagement (MOTIVATE) study was a cluster‐randomized trial enrolling pregnant WLWH from December 2015 to August 2017. Twenty‐four health facilities in southwestern Kenya were randomized to: (1) standard care (control), (2) text‐messaging, (3) community‐based mentor mothers (cMM) or (4) text‐messaging and cMM. Primary outcomes included retention in care and ART adherence at 12 months postpartum. Analyses utilized generalized estimating equations and competing risks regression. Per‐protocol analyses examined differences in postpartum retention for women with high versus low levels of exposure to the interventions.

Results

 We enrolled 1331 pregnant WLWH (mean age 28 years). At 12 months postpartum, 1140 (85.6%) women were retained in care, 96 women (7.2%) were lost‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU) and 95 (7.1%) were discontinued from the study. In intention‐to‐treat analyses, the relative risk of being retained at 12‐months postpartum was not significantly higher in the intervention arms versus the control arm. In time‐to‐event analysis, the cMM and text arm had significantly lower rates of LTFU (hazard ratio 0.44, p = 0.019). In per‐protocol analysis, the relative risk of 12‐month postpartum retention was 24–29% higher for women receiving at least 80% of the expected intervention compared to the control arm; text message only risk ratio (RR) 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.32, p<0.001), cMM only RR 1.29 (95% CI 1.21–1.37, p<0.001) and cMM plus text RR 1.29 (1.21–1.37, p<0.001). Women LTFU were younger (p<0.001), less likely to be married (p<0.001) and more likely to be newly diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy (p<0.001). Self‐reported ART adherence did not vary by study arm.

Conclusions

Behavioural interventions using peer support and text messages did not appear to improve 12‐month postpartum retention and adherence in intention‐to‐treat analyses. Higher levels of exposure to the interventions may be necessary to achieve the desired effects.
The design sourcing choice and technological performance in the upscale and downscale markets of an architectural innovation
Authors: Park Woo‐Yong , Tangpong Chanchai , Ro Young K. , Kim Namwoon
Published: January 2022

In this study, we investigate the performance impacts of design sourcing choices in addressing an architectural innovation from its originating market to subsequent markets. We maintain that the effects of design internalization and externalization on the technological performance of firms' products may vary across the originating and subsequent markets with different requisite technological demands due to the dynamics of knowledge spillovers and knowledge exchange hazards in those markets. We hypothesize that design internalization is likely to outperform design externalization when facing an architectural innovation in a subsequent upscale market with a higher technological performance requisite than in the originating market. The case is then reverse in a subsequent downscale market with a lower technological performance requisite. We test our hypotheses in the empirical contexts of the US bicycle markets in which the index gear‐shifting technology (i.e., an architectural innovation) originated in the road bicycle market in 1985 and subsequently traversed to the mountain bicycle market (i.e., an upscale market) in 1987 and the city bicycle market (i.e., a downscale market) in 1988. The results are largely in line with our hypotheses. The contributions of our study to the current literature as well as its managerial implications are also discussed.
Improving care transitions with standardized peer mentoring: Evidence from intervention based research using randomized control trial
Authors: Chun Yeojun , Harris Shannon L. , Chandrasekaran Aravind , Hill Kristen
Published: January 2022

We investigate how patients can co‐create value when transitioning care between the hospital and home after a major life altering surgery such as kidney transplant. Collaborating with health care providers at a large U.S. hospital, we adopted an intervention‐based research approach to develop a standardized peer‐mentoring program where former patients mentor current patients for 30 days postdischarge. We assessed the impact of the program on patient anxiety and 30‐day readmissions through a randomized control trial that recruited 80 transplant patients. Our analyses of patient anxiety indicated that patients in the treatment arm experienced 3.42 points greater decrease in anxiety score over 30 days, suggesting that care transitions using mentors decreases anxiety levels among patients. Our analyses of readmissions led to an unexpected but explainable result. We found that patients in the treatment arm were at 12.6 times greater risk of readmission during the first 30 days. Exploratory analysis suggests that increased readmission may have been due to patients reporting complications sooner, which allowed them to get treated earlier. Overall, our study informs healthcare operations on how to design effective transition of care programs using cost‐effective resources and offers new insights on using patient‐centric metrics.
Theabrownin isolated from Pu‐erh tea regulates Bacteroidetes to improve metabolic syndrome of rats induced by high‐fat, high‐sugar and high‐salt diet
Authors: Yue Suijuan , Peng Chunxiu , Zhao Dan , Xia Xuechao , Tan Chao , Wang Qiuping , Gong Jiashun
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Theabrownin (TB), a high macromolecular compound and a characteristic component of Pu‐erh tea, is able to markedly regulate blood lipid and glucose metabolism. We hypothesized that TB could ameliorate metabolic syndrome induced by high‐fat, high‐sugar and high‐salt diet (HFSSD).

RESULTS

To test these hypotheses, we fed rats with HFSSD and administered a gavage of TB. HFSSD successfully induced metabolic syndrome in rats. TB significantly improved serum lipid status, prevented obesity and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHbAIc) in rats. After TB intervention, Firmicutes/Bacteroides (F/B) ratio was greatly reduced and showed a dose‐effect relationship. TB promoted the reproduction of Bacteroidetes such as prevotella_sp._CAG:1031, prevotella_sp._MGM2 and Bacteroides_sartorii, and inhibited the reproduction of Firmicutes such as roseburia_sp._1XD42‐69 and roseburia_sp._831b.

CONCLUSION

In HFSSD mode, prevotella_sp._CAG:1031 was one of the main dominant characteristic bacteria of TB targeting regulation, while roseburia_sp._1XD42‐69 mainly inhibitory intestinal bacteria, which help to reduce body weight, TG and blood sugar levels of HFSSD rats. Glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance were the critical pathway. TB has a high application potential in reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Disaster recovery responses of transnational tour operators to the Indian Ocean tsunami
Authors: Derham Jess , Best Gary , Frost Warwick
Published: January 2022

This article examines how transnational operators respond to crisis management and disaster recovery. An adapted model of Faulkner and Vikulov's (2001) six‐stage framework was applied to Australian‐based tour operators, in the context of how they responded to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The findings suggest that the tour operators coped well through having reactionary crisis management responses; however, insights into the impacts their decisions had on the tourism generating regions provide opportunities for improving future preparedness mechanisms.
Augmented reality filters on social media. Analyzing the drivers of playability based on uses and gratifications theory
Authors: Ibáñez‐Sánchez Sergio , Orús Carlos , Flavián Carlos
Published: January 2022

The arrival of augmented reality (AR) on social networks in the form of filters is generating new user experiences. Despite their potential as interactive marketing tools, previous research analyzing the impact of AR filters has focused mainly on shopping‐based or personal‐based variables. Conceiving AR filters to be entertainment products, this research follows the theory of uses and gratifications to examine the playability of AR filters, that is, the satisfaction that users derive from the experience and their making of electronic word‐of‐mouth recommendations. The results of two studies combining quantitative and qualitative techniques showed the key role played by perceived entertainment and, to a lesser extent, perceived interactivity, in the playability of AR filters. Perceived curiosity and compatibility also affected users' satisfaction. The findings contribute to the literature on AR filters by analyzing users' experiences from an entertainment perspective, examining a comprehensive set of hedonic, utilitarian, social and personal uses and gratifications that users might derive when interact with AR filters on social media. Practitioners should incorporate appropriate features when designing the filters so that users obtain fun and entertaining experiences, interact with others, and get fresh content. All these may foster the consumer's storytelling through images.
Migration networks and subsidiary survival of EMNCs: The mediating effect of entry mode
Authors: Yi Changjun , Zhao Xiaoyang , Huang Ying , Yu Jie , Zhang Jipeng
Published: January 2022

In this study, the overseas subsidiaries of A‐share listed Chinese companies that engaged in overseas ventures between 2007 and 2018 are used as samples. Social network theory is adopted in combination with the Cox proportional hazards model to examine the mechanism of how migration networks affect subsidiary survival of EMNCs. The results reveal that migration networks effectively promote the survival of the overseas subsidiaries owned by EMNCs; entry mode mediates the relationship between migration networks and the survival of the overseas subsidiaries in regions with abundant migration networks; the overseas subsidiaries are inclined to be sole ventures, which promotes their survival.
Clinical course and outcome of an outpatient clinic population with myasthenia gravis and COVID‐19
Authors: Gungor Tuncer Ozlem , Deymeer Feza
Published: January 2022

Introduction/Aims

Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) may have a more severe course in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). We aimed to assess severity of the infection and factors contributing to its severity in a group of MG patients, most of whom were not hospitalized.

Methods

One hundred forty outpatients with MG followed between March 2020 and April 2021 were included in our study. Patients were asked to respond to a brief questionnaire in person, by telemedicine, or through electronic messages.

Results

Nineteen patients tested positive for COVID‐19 by polymerase chain reaction. Two were asymptomatic. Of the 17 symptomatic patients, 11 had mild symptoms. They either had no treatment or received antivirals, antibiotics, and anticoagulants. Their myasthenia was well‐controlled before infection and was unaffected by COVID‐19. Three patients with moderate COVID‐19 required hospitalization, but not intensive care, and had full recovery. Three other patients, the oldest in the cohort, had severe disease: One patient with a postsurgery myasthenic exacerbation before the infection needed intensive care without intubation, but recovered completely; two morbidly obese patients with comorbidities required intubation and died. Corticosteroids were increased in four of the six moderate/severely affected patients. Immunosuppressive (IS) agents were generally continued. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID‐19 was used in one patient.

Discussion

Most patients had mild COVID‐19 and all but two patients recovered. The design of the study made it possible to capture mild cases. Having well‐controlled MG before infection and absence of comorbidities likely affected the course of the infection favorably. IS did not influence the progression.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of 12 medicinal plant ethyl acetate extracts using LC–MS feature‐based molecular networking
Authors: Yang Zi , Li Li , Chen Chen‐Hui , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Yang Yi , Zhang Peng , Bao Guan‐Hu
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Widespread use of antibiotics has led to an increase in bacterial multiple drug resistance, thereby searching for natural antimicrobial agents from plants becomes an effective and alternative approach. In the present study, we selected six foodborne bacteria to evaluate the antibacterial activities of 12 medicinal plants ethyl acetate (EA) extracts.

Objective

This study aims to search for natural antibiotic substitutes from plant extracts. The antibacterial components were further discussed through chemometric and mass spectroscopic analyses.

Methodology

Agar well diffusion and the microdilution methods were used to test the antibacterial activity. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were used to judge the active phytochemicals. To further characterise the potential antibacterial components, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) coupled with Pearson correlation and feature‐based molecular network (FBMN) were proposed.

Results

Most of the plant extracts possessed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Toona sinensis shoots and Firmiana simplex barks showed high inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Escherichia coli strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1.56, 0.78, and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. Salmonella typhi was highly sensitive to Firmiana simplex barks with an inhibitory diameter up to 21.67 ± 0.95 mm, and MIC at 0.78 mg/mL. Moreover, Toona sinensis shoots and Firmiana simplex barks had the highest TPCs.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that Toona sinensis shoots, Koelreuteria paniculate seeds, and Firmiana simplex barks could be supplied as potential sources of antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, 36 potential bioactive compounds were identified mainly as polyphenols, glycosides, and terpenoids.
Psychometric properties of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale in Chinese typical, subthreshold, and clinically depressed adolescents
Authors: Xiao Wen‐Yi , Zhu Rui‐Zhen , Lv Zhao‐Xi , Fan Juan , Yi Zheng‐hui , Chen Jue , Ju Kang , Yan Chao
Published: January 2022

The Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale measures state anhedonia in multiple domains, such as hobbies, food and drink, social activities, and sensory experience, and it has good reliability and validity in adult samples. However, no study has examined the psychometrical properties of this scale in adolescents. The present study examined its reliability and validity in adolescents with and without depression. In Study 1, 988 high‐school students completed the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale; 915 completed the second‐round survey 3 months later. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure. Additionally, internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity were assessed in typical adolescents. In Study 2, the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale was administrated to 108 patients with major depressive disorder, 108 adolescents with subthreshold depression, and 108 healthy controls. Factor structure and convergent validity were assessed in the clinical and subclinical groups. Finally, a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the effect of depression severity on the scale scores. The results of Study 1 indicated that a four‐factor model (i.e., hobbies, food and drink, social activities, and sensory experience) best fit the data. Meanwhile, the scale also yielded good concurrent, convergent, and divergent validity, as well as high internal consistency and test–retest reliability, in typical adolescents. In Study 2, goodness‐of‐fit statistics also suggested a good fit for the four‐factor model in the two depressed groups. The one‐way ANOVA revealed significant group differences in the total and factor scores, whereby the major depressive disorder group had lower scores than the subthreshold depression group, whose scores were lower than the healthy controls, indicating excellent eligibility of the scale in depressed adolescents. The Chinese version of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale is a reliable and valid instrument to comprehensively measure state anhedonia in Chinese typical and depressed adolescents.
Molecular imprinted polymer for tramadol: Absorption and drug release studies
Authors: Morsi Samir M. M. , Youssef Ahmed M. , Kamal Kholod H. , Abd El‐Aziz Mahmoud E.
Published: January 2022

Smart polymeric matrices based on 2‐vinyl pyridine (2‐VPY) and three different crosslinkers: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), divinylbenzene (DVB), and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) were prepared either by the imprinting technique of the tramadol molecule or conventionally by the free radical polymerization process. The polymers were used as sorbent materials for tramadol from its solutions. The polymers prepared by the imprinting technique demonstrated superior absorption of tramadol molecules than those prepared by the conventional method. The two sorbent materials constructed from TMPTMA, regardless of the method, achieved the highest absorption capacity compared with those prepared from EGDMA or DVB. It was found that loaded imprinted polymer released more tramadol than loaded nonimprinted polymer in all media. In the acidic medium, the protonation of the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring ionized the chains and expanded the loaded pores leading to the rapid release over the neutral and alkaline media. Additionally, the isothermal studies of MIP3 and NIP3 were extremely fitted to Freundlich adsorption and the (D–R) isotherm, respectively, while the kinetic studies of both sorbents were fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order model.
Thermal regime variability of islands in the Lena River near Yakutsk, eastern Siberia
Authors: Costard François , Gautier Emmanuèle , Konstantinov Pavel , Bouchard Frederic , Séjourné Antoine , Dupeyrat Laure , Fedorov Alexander
Published: January 2022

Recent evidence has shown that Arctic regions have warmed about twice as much as elsewhere on the planet over the last few decades, and that high‐latitude permafrost–periglacial processes and hydrological systems are notably responsive to rising temperatures. The aim of this paper is to report on the thermal regime of islands located along the Lena River floodplain, upstream of the city of Yakutsk (eastern Siberia). Four islands were monitored using waterproof dataloggers and continuous monitoring of frozen soil in contact with ice breakup of the Lena River. For each of these islands, we measured: (a) ground surface temperature, air and frozen soil temperatures at different depths; and (b) submersion duration during the flood. Our results show that within a zone of thick and continuous permafrost, the Lena floodplain is notably heterogeneous, with a combination of permanently and seasonally frozen islands. The ice breakups seem to have a negligible impact on the ground thermal regime. Our study confirms that relatively young (<30 years old) islands, composed of fine sand material, appear less prone to permafrost formation compared to older islands with ice‐rich silty material.
Distribution and characteristics of Pleistocene ground thermal contraction polygons in Europe from satellite images
Authors: Bertran Pascal
Published: January 2022

The study of Pleistocene polygons in Europe carried out using the collection of satellite images available in Google Earth™ provides new data on the distribution of ground cracking by thermal contraction during glacial periods and sheds light on some factors controlling their formation. The distribution map shows that thermal contraction cracking affected terrain between latitude 43.5°N and the southern limit of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet at 15 ka, with a concentration of polygons north of latitude 51°N. A clear asymmetry exists in relation to longitude, with a greater southward extension of polygons in France (43.5°N) than in central Europe (47°N). Analysis of the characteristics of polygons at the European scale reveals an association with lithology, latitude, and the age of the sediments in which they formed. The morphological evolution over time reconstructed from observations of polygons of contrasting ages indicates that a stable mature phase, characterized by small (mean size 15 m), regular polygons with numerous Y‐junctions, is reached after ca. 4 ka of thermal contraction cracking activity.