bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic models to differentiate Takotsubo syndrome from acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Diaz‐Arocutipa Carlos , Hernandez Adrian V. , Benites‐Moya Cesar Joel , Gamarra‐Valverde Norma Nicole , Yrivarren‐Cespedes Rafael , Torres‐Valencia Javier , Vicent Lourdes
Published: January 2025

Aims

Differentiation between patients with Takotsubo syndrome and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a challenge. We performed a systematic review to identify and evaluate diagnostic predictive models to distinguish both conditions.

Methods and results

We performed an electronic search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus until January 2024. Observational studies that developed and/or validated multivariable diagnostic models to differentiate Takotsubo syndrome from ACS were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). We conducted a narrative synthesis of the performance measures of the diagnostic models evaluated in each study. In addition, a random‐effects meta‐analysis of the c‐statistic with its 95% confidence interval (CI) of the InterTAK model was performed. Of 1015 articles, a total of 11 studies (n = 4552) were included. We identified eight new diagnostic models and eight were external validation of existing models. The most frequent model was InterTAK (n = 4). The reported c‐statistic ranged from 0.77 to 0.97 across all models. Calibration plots were reported only for two models. The summary c‐statistic was 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.96) for the InterTAK model. The risk of bias was high for all models and the applicability was of low (50%) or unclear (50%) concern.

Conclusion

Our review identified multiple diagnostic models to diagnose Takotsubo syndrome. Although most models showed acceptable‐to‐good discriminative performance, calibration measures were almost unreported and the risk of bias was a concern in most studies.
Rediscovery of Nepeta koeieana (Lamiaceae): A Presumed Extinct Nepeta From Zagros Mountains, Iran
Authors: Zeraatkar Amin , Shirmardi Hamzehali
Published: January 2025

Nepeta koeieana, an extremely rare and narrowly endemic species, has been rediscovered after 87 years in Kuhrang County, Chaharmahal, and Bakhtiari province. Species identification was conducted through an extensive review of taxonomic literature and comparison with similar species using herbarium specimens under a stereomicroscope. Colored photographs of the habitat and live plants, a table of comparisons, detailed morphological illustrations of closely allied species, and a geographical distribution map are provided. A revised morphological description based on fresh specimens, along with a discussion of the species' taxonomic position, is also included. Additionally, the typification of the species name is addressed. Field surveys evaluated population size, habitat, ecological interactions, and conservation status, and maps were created using Google Earth. The species is assessed as critically endangered (CR) based on its very small and restricted population size.
Analytical Solution and Energy Behavior to a Forced Shock Wave Problem Under Dusty Gas Regime
Authors: Gautam Ram Asrey , Nath Triloki
Published: January 2025

In the presented research work, we have solved a new kind of problem of forced shock waves in a compressible inviscid perfect gas having dirty (dust) particles of small size in a one‐dimensional unsteady adiabatic flow. The approach that we have used is referred to as the generalized geometry approach. Here, we investigated how the density of the zone, which is undisturbed, changes as a function of the position from the point of the source of explosion. In addition, we have obtained analytically a novel solution to the problem in the form of a new rule of power of time and distance. Further, we have investigated the energy behavior of forced shock waves and interaction within the environment containing dust particles. Also, the behavior of the entire energy of a forced shock wave is expounded at different Mach numbers, respectively, for planar geometry, cylindrically symmetric geometry, and spherically symmetric geometry under a dusty gas medium. Furthermore, the findings show that dust particles in a gas produce a more sophisticated representation rather than the standard gas dynamics.
From Stigma to Strength? The Interrelations Between Sexual Identity Stigma, Well‐Being, and Accepting Communities on Instagram Amongst Sexual Minority Youth
Authors: Noon Edward John , Maes Chelly , Karsay Kathrin , Yang Chia‐chen , Pesout Ondra , Stefańczyk Michał Mikołaj
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Initial evidence suggests that engaging with accepting communities on social media such as Instagram may inform sexual minority youths' sense of stigma and well‐being. However, as existing research has predominately drawn upon cross‐sectional or qualitative designs, it is currently unclear whether the positive experiences identified in previous research accumulate, endure, or evolve over time. We also know relatively little about whether engagement with accepting online communities is primarily a compensatory or enhancing behavior. Thus, drawing upon minority stress theory and broaden‐and‐build theory, this study explores the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between perceived stigma, well‐being, and engagement with accepting Instagram communities.

Method

Three‐wave panel data were collected from 460 sexual minority youth in the United States and Poland (M age = 18.58, SD = 1.64), and data were analyzed using a random intercept cross‐lagged panel model.

Results

At the between‐person level, engagement with accepting Instagram communities was positively associated with perceived stigma and negatively associated with well‐being. No significant within‐person associations emerged between perceived stigma and engagement with accepting Instagram networks. However, a positive reciprocal relationship was found between well‐being and engagement with accepting Instagram communities. Cultural context had no moderating effect on the hypothesized model.

Conclusions

Results suggest that whilst the interrelations between perceived stigma and engaging with accepting online networks may be short‐lived, engaging with supportive Instagram communities may contribute to an upward spiral of positive emotions. Findings therefore extend the existing literature regarding the potential benefits of social media use amongst sexual minority youth.
Effectiveness of a Novel PLA2R1 Knock‐In Rat Model in Repairing Renal Function Damage
Authors: Huang Bo , Sui Wen‐dong , Zhang Zi‐tong , Zhao Lu , Li Yin‐yin , Yang Dai‐he , Zhou Yun
Published: January 2025

Phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) exists in many animals and plays an important role in membranous nephropathy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a PLA2R1 knock‐in rat model with repaired kidney function to study the molecular mechanisms of membranous nephropathy. We constructed the PLA2R1 knockout [PLA2R1(−)] model and PLA2R1 knock in [PLA2R1(+)] model in rats. Consistent complement C3 and IgA expression was confirmed through colocalization studies. Urinary biochemical indicators were performed using Automatic Biochemistry Analyzer. The complement C3, IgG, and Nephrin were detected by immunofluorescence assay. The expression levels of complement C3, IgA, and PLA2R1 were detected by western blot. The differential expression proteins (DEPs) between control and PLA2R1(+) models were detected by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The PLA2R1(−) model showed proteinuria, complement C3 aggregation, and IgA and IgG deposition in the glomerulus. Comparing with the PLA2R1(−) model, the PLA2R1(+) model, the deposition of complement C3 and IgA in the glomerulus did not completely disappear, and IgG expression weakened. Moreover, the absolute value of urinary protein was much lower in the PLA2R1(+) model than in the PLA2R1(−) model, and some of the humanized PLA2R1 gene fragments repaired some of the kidney functions. Humanized PLA2R1‐insertion in rats can repair part of the renal function and reduce proteinuria, which will help in studying the molecular mechanisms of membranous nephropathy, as well as the entire membranous nephropathy‐related system and complement activation signaling pathway.
Systematic Molecular Influenza A/B Screening Upon Hospital Admission in Belgium, January–April 2022: Positivity Ratios and Viral Loads According to Symptomatology, Age, and Vaccination Status
Authors: Huyghe Evelyne , Abrams Steven , André Emmanuel , Anseeuw Kurt , Bernaert Eva , Bruynseels Peggy , Cuypers Lize , De Schouwer Pieter , Hilkens Petra , Keyaerts Els , Laenen Lies , Maes Justine , Magerman Koen , Van de gaer Otto , Verdonck Ann , Verstrepen Walter , Ombelet Sien , Naesens Reinout
Published: January 2025

Three hospitals implemented molecular point‐of‐care tests (POCTs) to screen patients for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection upon admission during the 2021/2022 influenza season, which in Belgium lasted from January to April 2022. The samples were simultaneously tested for influenza A/B. Influenza positivity at admission was examined in relation to patient characteristics and symptomatology. Influenza POCTs were performed on all patients requiring urgent hospitalization, regardless of the admission reason. A total of 9327 patients were included in the study, of which 411 (4.4%) tested positive for influenza A/B. Asymptomatic infection and mild illness accounted for respectively 11.2% (95% CI: 8.5%–14.6%), and 43.3% (95% CI: 38.6%–48.1%) of the cases. A total of 66% (95% CI: 60%–72%) of all patients in these symptom categories (asymptomatic and mild illness) showed a high viral load (cycle threshold [Ct] < 24). Only in 30 (7.3%, 95% CI: 5.2%–10.2%) of all cases and in two (4.4%, 95% CI: 1.2%–14.5%) of the asymptomatic cases, the symptomatology worsened during hospital stay. Coinfections with both influenza and SARS‐CoV‐2 occurred in 35 patients (8.5% of all influenza positive patients). There was no difference in symptomatology between patients with co‐infections and those with an influenza mono‐infection. Patients could not be reliably categorized into carriers with low versus high viral loads based on symptomatology, age, and vaccination status. More than half of the influenza‐positive individuals were either asymptomatic or had mild symptoms upon admission, while often carrying high viral loads. Our results show that without screening of patients at hospital admission, a considerable number of patients with a high viral load may be incorrectly classified as being not infectious.
Work Engagement in Agile Teams: Extending Multilevel JD‐R Theory
Authors: Junker Tom L. , Bakker Arnold B. , Derks Daantje , Pletzer Jan Luca
Published: January 2025

Teams often fail to mobilize their resources effectively, which can undermine team engagement. Prominent work engagement theories, including Job Demands‐Resources (JD‐R) theory, have not accounted for this conceptually. By taking a closer look at how teams can mobilize resources through their use of agile work practices (AWPs), we develop a multilevel extension of JD‐R theory. First, we propose that agile taskwork (i.e., use of sprint planning and iterative development practices) contributes to team engagement, especially in teams working on complex tasks. Second, we argue that agile teamwork (i.e., frequency of stand‐up and retrospective meetings) promotes team engagement only when team role conflict low. We test our hypotheses in a field study involving 110 teams (N = 694 employees) with multisource ratings of job demands and two different operationalizations of team engagement. Our findings demonstrate which AWPs contribute more (vs. less) strongly to team engagement. Moreover, results evidence the boosting principle of JD‐R theory at the team‐level by showing that resource mobilization through agile taskwork is most engaging in challenging contexts (i.e., high work complexity). We discuss the implications of these findings for JD‐R theory and research on collective work engagement.
hnRNPA2B1 drives colorectal cancer progression via the circCDYL/EIF4A3/PHF8 axis
Authors: Sun Yu‐Kai , Wang Jin‐Fu , Sun Xi‐Wen , Zhang Ming
Published: January 2025

The RNA‐binding protein hnRNPA2B1 acts as an m6A reader and plays a role in tumor development. This study investigates the potential mechanism of hnRNPA2B1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. The expression profiles of hnRNPA2B1, circCDYL, and PHF8 in CRC cell lines were analyzed. Following si‐hnRNPA2B1 transfection, CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were evaluated by CCK‐8 and Transwell. CDYL expression was detected after actinomycin D and RNase R treatment. RIP was conducted to assess the enrichment of hnRNPA2B1 and m6A on circCDYL. RIP and RNA pull‐down assays established the interaction between circCDYL and EIF4A3/PHF8. EIF4A3 expression was evaluated using RT‐qPCR and Western blot techniques. hnRNPA2B1 and PHF8 displayed high expression levels, whereas circCDYL showed low expression levels in colorectal cancer cells. Inhibition of hnRNPA2B1 reduced CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. hnRNPA2B1 mechanistically elevated the m6A level of circCDYL while decreasing its expression, which in turn reduced the binding of circCDYL to EIF4A3 and enhanced PHF8 expression. In summary, hnRNPA2B1‐mediated m6A modification decreases circCDYL expression, which inhibits the interaction of circCDYL with EIF4A3, enhances PHF8 expression, and ultimately facilitates CRC progression.
Higher hospital volume reduces early failure rates in single‐stage revision TKR for infection: An analysis of the United Kingdom National Joint Registry and National Administrative Databases
Authors: Matthews Alexander H. , Gray William K. , Evans Jonathan P. , Knight Ruth , Evans Jonathan T. , Lamb Sarah E. , Briggs Tim , Porteous Andrew , Sabah Shiraz A. , Alvand Abtin , Price Andrew , Toms Andrew D.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Revision knee replacement (RevKR) for infection is rare but increasing. It is hypothesised that higher hospital volume reduces adverse outcomes. The aim was to estimate the association of surgical unit volume with outcomes following first, single‐stage RevKR for infection.

Methods

This population‐based cohort study merged data from the United Kingdom National Joint Registry, Hospital Episode Statistics, National Patient Reported Outcome Measures and the Civil Registrations of Death. Patients undergoing procedures between 1 January 2009 and 30 June 2019 were included. Early outcomes were chosen to reflect the quality of the surgical provision and included re‐revision at 2 years, mortality, serious medical complications, length of stay and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). Adjusted fixed effect multivariable regression models were used to examine the association between surgical unit mean annual caseload and the risk of adverse outcomes.

Results

A total of 1477 patients underwent first‐time single‐stage RevKRs for infection across 267 surgical units and 716 surgeons. Following adjustment for age, gender, American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade, surgeon volume, year of surgery and operation funder and modelling surgical unit volume with restricted cubic spline, a greater mean annual volume was associated with a lower risk of re‐revision at 2 years. The odds of re‐revision in hospitals performing fewer than or equal to 12 cases per year was 2.53 (95% confidence interval = 1.50–4.31) times more likely than hospitals performing three to four cases per month. Annual variation in surgical unit volume was not associated with mortality and serious medical complications within 90 days. Only 99 out of 1477 (7%) of patients had linked PROMs which precluded subsequent analysis.

Conclusion

Overall, higher volume surgical units had lower rates of early re‐revision following the first RevKR for infection. We were unable to provide recommended specific volume thresholds for units; however, the probability of re‐revision appears to be lowest in the highest volume units.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data.
Higher bone cement volume in total knee arthroplasty lowers the risk of postoperative radiolucent lines
Authors: Keintzel Maximilian , Smolle Maria A. , Staats Kevin , Böhler Christoph , Windhager Reinhard , Koutp Amir , Leithner Andreas , Donner Stefanie , Perka Carsten , Reiner Tobias , Renkawitz Tobias , Leica Alexandra , Sava Manuel , Hirschmann Michael , Sadoghi Patrick
Published: January 2025

Purpose

>The aim of this multicenter study was to analyze the potential impact of patient demographics and cementation technique towards the development of radiolucent lines (RLLs) in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It was hypothesized that cementation techniques, including higher cement volume, double‐layer cementation technique and hardening in full extension, reduce RLL incidence by improving stability, whereas demographic factors such as age, BMI and smoking may increase RLL risk by affecting bone quality and mechanical loading.

Methods

Altogether, 776 patients (median age: 70.7 years; 39.2% males) underwent TKA at five tertiary orthopaedic centres between 11/2013 and 04/2023. X‐rays were analyzed retrospectively for the evaluation of RLLs taken between 6 and 36 months from surgery. RLLs on anterior–posterior and lateral X‐rays taken at a median of 14 months (range: 6–36) from primary surgery were evaluated using the Knee Society roentgenographic evaluation and scoring system. Potential associations of demographics and cementation technique on the occurrence of RLLs during follow‐up were analyzed with uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results

The overall incidence of RLLs around the TKA amounted to 37.4% (n = 290), with the tibial component (29.4%) being more commonly affected than the femoral component (15.0%). Patient age, gender, BMI and smoking habits were not significantly associated with higher incidence of RLLs (p > 0.05). The amount of cement used (odds ratio: 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.98–0.99; p = 0.028) was independently associated with a lower incidence of RLLs, irrespective of the double‐ versus single‐layer cementation technique, cement hardening in full extension and time required for the X‐ray.

Conclusions

No influence of demographic data on the incidence of RLL was found, yet specific cementation techniques appeared beneficial. Future studies with longer follow‐up periods are required to provide further insight into the herein‐made preliminary findings and to assess potential associations with long‐term aseptic loosening rates.

Level of Evidence

Level III, retrospective observational study.
Comparing Otolaryngology Subspecialties' Changes in Medicare Reimbursement From 2013 to 2024
Authors: Dorius Alexander , Allen Wesley , Bateman Carson , Demke Joshua , Idicula Winslo
Published: January 2025

Objective

Identify differences in Medicare reimbursement changes for general otolaryngology, pediatric otolaryngology, head and neck oncology, laryngology, rhinology, otology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, and sleep surgery subspecialties from 2013 to 2024.

Methods

Subspecialty‐based procedures' facility prices and relative value units (RVUs) were sourced from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Physician Fee Schedule. Prices were adjusted for inflation, and the average percent change in facility price and RVUs for each subspecialty was calculated. Each subspecialty's average inflation‐adjusted, facility price change was compared to general otolaryngology using t‐tests, and differences between subspecialties were assessed using Dunn's test.

Results

From 2013 to 2024, general otolaryngology's average percent change was −29.9% and significantly differed from facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (−26.4% [−5.5 to −0.7%]; p = 0.011) and sleep surgery (−23.7% [−19.2 to −2.2%]; p = 0.016). Rhinology (−32.5% [−1.3 to 6.1%]), otology (−30.2% [−6.5 to 7.6%]), laryngology (−29.3 [−4.2 to 2.1%]), head and neck (−27.4% [−5.7 to 0.2%]), and pediatric otolaryngology (−25.8% [−14.6 to 3.8%]) also decreased drastically but were not significantly different from general otolaryngology. For the multiple comparisons test, rhinology was statistically different from sleep surgery and facial plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Conclusion

General otolaryngology and rhinology were more negatively affected due to changes in work and practice expense RVUs. Universal decreases were due to inflation and legislative reductions to the conversion factor. Medicare's budget constraints, potential effects on access to otolaryngology services, and continuing inflation warrant lobbying efforts to address these changes to maintain financial viability.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2025
The impact of surgical margins in managing regional metastases in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Braude Rachel , Manzie Timothy G.H. , Clark Jonathan R. , Shannon Kerwin , Palme Carsten E. , Elliott Michael , Wykes James , Ch'ng Sydney , Gupta Ruta , Cheung Veronica , Low Tsu‐Hui
Published: January 2025

Background

Regional metastasis occurs in 5% of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The aim of this study is to assess the impact of margin status of regional metastases on survival.

Methods

A retrospective review of 401 patients with nodal metastases from cSCC. Margin status of nodal metastases was classified as clear (>1 mm), close (<1 mm), or involved. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier methods were used to assess associations with overall and disease‐specific survival (OS and DSS).

Results

Of the 401 patients with nodal metastases (median age 75, 85.3% male), 43.6% had involved margins, 27.4% had close margins, and 28.9% had clear margins. Involved margins were significantly associated with reduced OS and DSS on univariable analysis. Multivariable analysis confirmed that involved margins independently predicted worse DSS (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15–3.19, p = 0.01). Other independent prognostic factors included size of deposit (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, p < 0.001), number of deposits (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08, p < 0.001), and the presence of perineural invasion (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.14–2.98, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Clear surgical margins during the removal of regional metastases of cSCC improves survival outcomes. This study highlights the importance of careful preoperative evaluation to achieve a complete (R0) surgical resection.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Prognostic value of inflammation and nutritional indicators for sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Wu Ce , Qi Zhiyu , Chen Jiahong , Yan Xudong , Li Shunke , Wang Lin , Yu Longgang , Jiang Yan
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Systemic inflammatory and nutritional markers are associated with the prognosis of various cancers. However, their association with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify systemic inflammatory and nutritional markers associated with the postoperative prognosis of patients with SNSCC and to clarify the clinical value of these markers.

Materials and methods

Data from 129 patients with SNSCC were included. The optimal prognostic systemic inflammatory and nutritional markers were identified using the area under the curve. The prognostic value was evaluated using COX regression and subgroup analyses; a nomogram was built based on these data.

Results

The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) and systemic immune‐inflammatory index (SII) had higher prognostic values than the other indices; their cut‐off values were 27.80 and 791.35, respectively. The nomogram included tumor stage, ALI, and tumor primary site; the calibration and decision curves indicated that the model had good clinical value.

Conclusion

The ALI and SII have potential prognostic value for postoperative patients with SNSCC. The nomogram constructed in this study could be used as a tool to assist physicians in making clinical decisions.

Level of evidence

4.
4D Bioprinting: Keeping the Technology Alive
Authors: Imrie Patrick , Jin Jianyong
Published: January 2025

4D bioprinting is a groundbreaking technology with potential to revolutionize healthcare. It is based on additive manufacturing technologies, which are used to fabricate dynamic prosthetics and devices from biologically compatible smart materials that respond to stimuli. The ultimate end of 4D bioprinting is the creation of an artificial organ that perfectly mimics the functional movements of a native organ and is fully integrated within the human body. In this perspective, two phases are identified toward this end. The first is minimally invasive surgery (MIS) using shape memory composites stimulated by near‐infrared (NIR) light and/or magnetic fields. The second is dynamic tissue engineering (DTE) with activation by biological stimuli.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation: cause, molecular mechanism, diagnosis, and therapy
Authors: Gong Fangchen , Zheng Xiangtao , Zhao Shanzhi , Liu Huan , Chen Erzhen , Xie Rongli , Li Ranran , Chen Ying
Published: January 2025

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex and serious condition characterized by widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, resulting in both thrombosis and bleeding. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DIC, emphasizing its clinical significance and the need for improved management strategies. We explore the primary causes of DIC, including sepsis, trauma, malignancies, and obstetric complications, which trigger an overactive coagulation response. At the molecular level, DIC is marked by excessive thrombin generation, leading to platelet and fibrinogen activation while simultaneously depleting clotting factors, creating a paradoxical bleeding tendency. Diagnosing DIC is challenging and relies on a combination of existing diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests. Treatment strategies focus on addressing the underlying causes and may involve supportive care, anticoagulation therapy, and other supportive measures. Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of DIC are paving the way for more targeted therapeutic approaches. This review highlights the critical need for ongoing research to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy, ultimately improving patient outcomes in those affected by DIC.
Regularization of the Time‐Fractional Order SchröDinger Problem by Using the Mollification Regularization Method
Authors: Yang Lan , Zhu Lin , He Shangqin , Zhao Bingxin
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the solution of an ill‐posed time‐fractional order Schrödinger equation using a mollification regularization technique of the Dirichlet kernel. The Dirichlet regularized solution is obtained through convolution of the Dirichlet kernel with real measured data. Estimations of convergence are derived based on parameter selection criteria of a priori and a posteriori. The efficiency of the methodology was successfully verified by simulation tests.
Modeling of Data Transmission in Polymer Optical Fibers Using DMT and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Gois Jonathan N. , Sampaio Flavio A. N. , Haddad Diego B. , Neto Luiz Anet , Silva Vinicius N. H. , Ferreira Tadeu N.
Published: January 2025

In local networks and other short links, polymeric optical fiber may be used due to its mechanical properties; however, some undesired and strong effects appear in these environments. This work proposes three different models to fine‐tune the electrical parameters of discrete multi‐tone (DMT) modulation to predict the signal‐to‐noise rate (SNR) over each subcarrier used with a 560 nm central wavelength. Considering the present setup, the devised models achieve some bold results, demonstrating the possibility of explaining more than 99% of the experimental data, in the best scenario. Several models are mathematically fit to obtain distinct adjustments for the nonlinearity present in the link considering the electrical parameters.
Rhabdomyosarcoma Surgical Update
Authors: Rogers Timothy , Schmidt Andreas , Buchanan Amanda F. , Scharschmidt Thomas , Dasgupta Roshni , Onwuka Ekene A. , Rodeberg David A.
Published: January 2025

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumors arise from mesenchymal tissue and represent half of pediatric sarcomas, which in turn make up 7% of pediatric tumors. Advances in local control therapy of RMS have improved outcomes after surgical resection of the primary tumor, either before or after induction chemotherapy, even in the setting of metastatic disease. The utilization of diagnostic core needle and sentinel node biopsy techniques for lymph node staging are becoming more widely used. Over the past several years, refinement of prognostic factors with adoption of fusion status instead of histology, and optimized risk stratification schemas have been developed to assure appropriate therapy. There have been efforts between North American and European surgical oncology cooperative groups to standardize the care we provide, and yet there are still some philosophical differences to overcome.
Visualizing the Spatial Distribution of Metabolites in Angelica sinensis Roots by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Yue Xiaofei , Feng Li , Sun Chenglong , Wang Lu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Angelica sinensis is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and has been extensively used to treat various diseases. Hundreds of endogenous ingredients have been isolated and identified from this herb, but their spatial distribution within the plant root is largely unknown.

Objectives

In this study, we tried to investigate and map within‐tissue spatial distribution of metabolites in Angelica sinensis roots.

Material and Methods

After optimization of experiment conditions, the 1,5‐diaminonaphthalene (1,5‐DAN) was chosen as the matrix and was sprayed on the surface of root sections. Then matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) was employed to perform in situ detection and obtain detail spatial distribution information of metabolites in Angelica sinensis roots.

Results

The spatial distributions of a wide range of metabolites including organic acids, amino acids, oligosaccharides, and phospholipids were characterized and visualized in Angelica sinensis roots. Majority of these metabolites were located in the phloem and xylem, while ferulic acid was mainly present in the cork layer. The results revealed a dramatic metabolic heterogeneity among different regions of the roots and distinct spatial distribution patterns of different metabolites. Additionally, the metabolic pathways involved in the biosynthesis of choline were also successfully localized and visualized.

Conclusion

This study comprehensively characterized the spatial distribution of metabolites in Angelica sinensis roots, which would prompt the understanding of its chemical separation, biosynthesis, and pharmacological activities.
Evaluating the impact of Keep Your Move in the Tube (KYMITT) on patient AM‐PAC scores and discharge disposition
Authors: Mattox Miriah , Ennis Julie , McClain Matthew , Trinidad Jennifer , Bajorek Alexander , Fonseca Tamela , West Katie , King Tonya , Lazensky Rebecca
Published: January 2025

Background

The Sarasota Memorial Health Care System (SMHCS) Acute Care Rehabilitation Team began implementing the Keep Your Move in the Tube (KYMITT) protocol in February 2023 to improve patient mobility and offer an alternative to traditional sternal precautions. The goal of KYMITT is for patients to remain within a safe zone (referred to as “the tube”) rather than complying with time and weight restrictions, which are the cornerstone of traditional sternal precautions. In previous studies, KYMITT was associated with greater independence after surgery without placing patients at an increased risk of experiencing a surgical site infection.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that KYMITT is associated with greater patient mobility and independence, without increasing the risk of surgical complications.

Methods

Researchers at SMHCS analyzed records of 614 open‐heart surgery patients (n = 293 in the traditional sternal precautions group and n = 321 in the KYMITT protocol group) to determine the differences in their Activity Measure for Post‐Acute Care (AM‐PAC) mobility scores.

Results

The average last‐recorded AM‐PAC score for the traditional sternal precautions group was significantly lower than for those receiving the KYMITT protocol (19.2 [95% CI: 18.86–19.62] vs. 20.0 [95% CI: 19.62–20.35], p = .006). For patients with at least two AM‐PAC scores recorded, the difference was calculated for each patient's first to last AM‐PAC score (AM‐PAC delta). There was not a statistically significant difference between groups with an average improvement of 2.7 (95% CI: 2.30–3.09) for the traditional sternal precautions group compared to 3.1 (95% CI: 2.71–3.45) for the KYMITT protocol, p = .16 when comparing average AM‐PAC delta.

Conclusion

Overall, during the 7 months that KYMITT was conducted hospital‐wide, a significant increase in average last‐recorded AM‐PAC scores was observed month to month (slope = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27–0.62, p < .001).
Associations of aged neutrophils with disease activity in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Han Lei , Xiao Chunyuan , Lu Tianlin , Huang Xinfang
Published: January 2025

Background

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects exocrine glands. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between aged neutrophils and disease activity in patients with pSS.

Methods

This study included 21 patients diagnosed with pSS and 32 healthy controls (HCs) at Shanghai East Hospital between September 2021 and May 2023. Peripheral blood samples were collected from them. Neutrophil subsets were identified using cell surface markers (CD62L, CXCR4, CD11b, and CXCR1) and analyzed using flow cytometry. Clinical data, including the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and serum ferritin levels, were also collected at admission.

Results

Serum ferritin levels were associated with the ESSDAI and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in patients with pSS. Our study revealed a significant increase in the frequency of aged neutrophils in patients with pSS compared to HCs (p < 0.05). The frequency of aged neutrophils significantly correlated with ESSDAI and ferritin levels in patients with pSS (p < 0.05). We generated a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the diagnostic utility of aged neutrophils in pSS. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.8036, with a p‐value of 0.0002.

Conclusions

This study confirmed that patients with pSS exhibit a higher percentage of aged neutrophils. Furthermore, aged neutrophils may serve as diagnostic markers of pSS.
Current Knowledge of Fetal Growth Restriction in Relation to Thrombosis at the Maternal‐Fetal Interface–Placenta and Umbilical Cord: A Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Yaxi , Shao Yong
Published: January 2025

Background

Fetal growth restriction (FGR), defined as estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference below the 10th percentile for gestational age, is a common complication of pregnancy. Placental malperfusion is the most common cause of FGR. Thrombosis at the maternal‐fetal interface (placenta and umbilical cord) is closely related to FGR. Failure of spiral artery remodeling in early pregnancy can lead to obstruction of uteroplacental blood flow, contributing to the development of FGR. Umbilical cord thrombosis is rare, with umbilical artery thrombosis being associated with more severe adverse pregnancy outcomes. Virchow's triad of thrombosis–blood stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial damage ‐ are risk factors for thrombosis at the maternal‐fetal interface.

Methods

PubMed database was searched mainly using the terms ‘fetal growth restriction’ and “thrombosis”. Relevant articles retrieved were arranged to write this article.

Results

Umbilical cord abnormalities including intrinsic anatomical abnormalities, potential obstructive anatomical abnormalities, and transient anatomical abnormalities can cause placental thrombosis and fetal vascular malperfusion. Local hypercoagulability at the maternal‐fetal interface may be caused by physiological or pathological hypercoagulation in pregnant women, and abnormality in the placenta itself leading to a tendency for thrombosis is also getting recognized. Besides, vascular endothelial defects and immune reactions can cause damage to placental vascular endothelium, triggering local coagulation reactions.

Conclusion

Thrombosis at the maternal‐fetal interface is a complex process. Further understanding of this process can deepen our knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying FGR and provide guiding opinions to medical practice in treating and preventing FGR.

Clinical Trial Registration

This study does not contain clinical trials.
The Impact of Social Investment and Green Finance on Sustainable Development: Evidence From Emerging Market Economies
Authors: Solangi Yasir Ahmed , Alyamani Rakan , Asghar Muhammad , Ali Sharafat , Magazzino Cosimo
Published: January 2025

This study examines how social investment and green finance affect sustainable development (SDE) in 16 emerging market economies from 2014 to 2022. Truncated regression, Prais‐Winsten regression, and single‐equation instrumental variables (IV) regression models were applied for the empirical analysis. The findings reveal that social investment and green finance have positive effects, whereas poverty and ecological footprint negatively affect SDE. Social investment reduces the negative impact of poverty on SDE by enhancing human development and reducing economic vulnerability, confirming the moderation impact. The Juodis‐Karavias‐Sarafidis (JKS) panel's non‐causality analysis confirms the causal relationship between variables. This study recommends that emerging markets allocate more resources for social and green initiatives and limit their consumption of natural resources to avoid the negative consequences of a high ecological footprint. This study implies that doing and going green is essential for meeting sustainability challenges in the post‐modern era in emerging market economies.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole Derivatives Bearing Furan Moiety by CAN as a Catalyst Under Ultrasonic Irradiation and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Mashhadi Elahe , Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Yahya Misagh
Published: January 2025

A practical method for the synthesis of 2‐(5‐arylfuran‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole and 2‐(5‐arylfuran‐2‐yl)benzothiazole using cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an inexpensive and readily available catalyst, under ultrasonic conditions is described. With the help of molecular docking studies, the anticancer properties of these compounds were studied and investigated for the first time. The docking study results revealed that the synthesized compounds significantly interacted with the target protein 5WS1. The synthesized compound 2‐(5‐(4‐chlorophenyl) furan‐2‐yl)‐5‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole achieved the highest docking score. Finally, the MTT assay was conducted on the best compound identified through molecular docking, revealing an IC50 value of 44.5 µg/mL. The results showed that the benzimidazole derivatives bearing furan are useful as a template for the future design of potent inhibitors against breast cancer cell lines (MCF7).
Donor‐Interacting Arylated Carbazole Self‐Assembled Monolayer Enables Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Jiang Wenlin , Mei Le , Chen Xiankai , Sun Min , Lin Chieh‐Ting , Zhang Rui , Du Gengxin , Qiu Weiming , Yang Xi , Fan Qunping , Yip Hin‐Lap , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: January 2025

Carbazole‐derived self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are promising materials for hole‐extraction layer (HEL) in conventional organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Here, a SAM Cbz‐2Ph derived from 3,6‐diphenylcarbazole is demonstrated. The large molecular dipole moment of Cbz‐2Ph allows the modulation of electrode work function to facilitate hole extraction and maximize photovoltage, thus improving the OPV performance. Additionally, the flanking aryls of Cbz‐2Ph help establish CH‐π interactions for forming a dense and well‐organized SAM HEL and exhibit stronger van der Waals interactions with the donor PM6 than acceptor BTP‐eC9. The stronger SAM‐donor interactions modulate the PM6 distribution in PM6:BTP‐eC9 bulk‐heterojunction film, leading to PM6 enrichment near HEL to facilitate efficient hole extraction to the ITO anode in conventional p–i–n OPVs. Consequently, binary PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based devices incorporating the Cbz‐2Ph HEL demonstrate an impressive efficiency of 19.18%. These cells also showcase excellent operational stability, with a T80 lifetime of ≈1260 h at the maximum power point, over 10 times longer than those using the traditional PEDOT:PSS HEL (T80 ≈96 h). Furthermore, the universal applicability of Cbz‐2Ph as a HEL is evident through its successful implementation in PM6:BTP‐eC9:L8‐BO‐F‐based ternary devices and PM6:BTP‐eC9‐based printed OPV devices, achieving a PCE of 19.30% and 16.96%, respectively.
Effective One‐for‐All Phototheranostic Agent for Hypoxia‐Tolerant NIR‐II Fluorescent/PA Image‐Guided Phototherapy
Authors: Xi Simin , Xiao Huichun , Duan Zeyu , Li Lie , Chen Jian , Hu Tianze , Li Xiang , Hu Liwen , Liu Ruiyuan
Published: January 2025

Near‐infrared (NIR)‐triggered type‐I photosensitizers are crucial to address the constraints of hypoxic tumor microenvironments in phototherapy; however, significant challenges remain. By selecting an electron‐deficient unit, a matched energy gap in the upper‐level state is instrumental in boosting the efficiency of intersystem crossing for the type‐I electron transfer process. 2‐Cyanothiazole, an electron acceptor, is covalently linked with N, N‐diphenyl‐4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)aniline to yield a multifunctional photosensitizer (TTNH) that exhibits intrinsic NIR absorbance and compatible T2 energy levels, facilitating both radiative and nonradiative transitions. The prepared nanoparticles (TTNH NPs) assembled from TTNH are activated by an 808 nm laser and generated the O2•− for hypoxia‐tolerant type‐I photodynamic therapy under both normoxia and hypoxic conditions. TTNH NPs emitted NIR‐II fluorescence with an impressive NIR‐II fluorescence quantum yield of 2.08%. With a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 51.8% under 808 nm laser stimulation, TTNH NPs exhibit photothermal therapy performance, accompanied by enhanced photoacoustic imaging capability owing to their strong NIR absorption. These characteristics make TTNH an effective NIR‐wavelength‐triggered phototheranostic agent that outperforms NIR‐II fluorescence/photoacoustic dual‐model imaging‐guided type‐I photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy against hypoxic tumors. This results provide valuable insight for developing high‐performance NIR‐II‐emissive superoxide radical phototheranostic agents.
Self‐Reconstruction of High Entropy Alloys for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jin Yao , Fan Xing , Li Qiming , Guo Mingrui , Bai Jiangdong , Lin Haiping , Pi Yecan , Cao Shuang , Hou Chun‐Chao , Bai Shuxing
Published: January 2025

Alkaline water (H2O) electrolysis is currently a commercialized green hydrogen (H2) production technology, yet the unsatisfactory hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance severely limits its energy conversion efficiency and cost reduction. Herein, PtRu2.9Fe0.15Co1.5Ni1.3 high entropy alloys (HEAs) is synthesized and subsequently exploited electrochemically induced structural oxidation processes to construct self‐reconfigurable HEAs, as an efficient alkaline HER catalyst. The optimized self‐reconstructed PtRu2.9Fe0.15Co1.5Ni1.3 HEAs with the HEAs and cobalt rutheniate interface (HEAs‐Co2RuO4) exhibits excellent alkaline HER performance, requiring just 11.8 mV to obtain a current density (j) of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. And the j on HEAs‐Co2RuO4 is 41.8 mA cm−2 at 0.07 VRHE, 2.0 and 6.1 times higher than PtRu2.9Fe0.15Co1.5Ni1.3 HEAs and 20% Pt/C. Mechanism studies reveal that the improved alkaline HER performance of HEAs‐Co2RuO4 is due to the formation of HEAs‐Co2RuO4, which significantly shrinks the Helmholtz layer, provides a new fast material transport channel, boosts H2O adsorption, and reduces hydrogen adsorption, and thus accelerates the alkaline HER. This research not only throws new light on the self‐reconstruction of catalysts but also provides guidance for the rational design of efficient electrocatalysts.
What Is the Mechanism by which the Introduction of Amorphous SeOx Effectively Promotes Urea‐Assisted Water Electrolysis Performance of Ni(OH)2?
Authors: Chen Qiuyan , Chen Jinwei , Dong Xinran , Dong Changxue , Zhou Yunzhe , Zhang Jie , Wang Gang , Wang Ruilin
Published: January 2025

Nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) is considered to be one of the most promising electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) under alkaline conditions due to its flexible structure, wide composition and abundant 3D electrons. However, its slow electrochemical reaction rate, high affinity for the reaction intermediate *COOH, easy exposure to low exponential crystal faces and limited metal active sites that seriously hinder the further improvement of UOR activities. Herein it is reported electrocatalyst composed of rich oxygen‐vacancy (Ov) defects with amorphous SeOx‐covered Ni(OH)2 (Ov‐SeOx/Ni(OH)2). Surprisingly, at 100 mA cm−2, compared with Ni(OH)2 (1.46 V (vs RHE)), Ov‐SeOx/Ni(OH)2 has a potential of 1.35 V. Meanwhile, Ov‐SeOx/Ni(OH)2 catalyst also showed good hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, so it is used as the electrolytic cell assembled by UOR and HER bifunctional catalysts and only 1.57 V could reach 100 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) study revealed that introduce of amorphous SeOx optimizes the electronic structure of the central active metal, amorphous/crystalline interfaces promote charge‐carrier transfer, shift d‐band center and entail numerous spin‐polarized electrons during the reaction, which speeds up the UOR reaction kinetics.
Unveiling the Dual Active Sites of Ni/Co(OH)2‐Ru Heterointerface for Robust Electrocatalytic Alkaline Seawater Splitting
Authors: Yu Xinhui , Jiang Wei , Wu Yuanyuan , Chu Xianyu , Liu Bo , Zhou Shi , Liu Chunbo , Che Guangbo , Liu Guojie
Published: January 2025

Constructing bifunctional electrocatalysts through the synergistic effect of diverse metal sites is crucial for achieving high‐efficiency and steady overall water splitting. Herein, a “dual‐HER/OER‐sites‐in‐one” strategy is proposed to regulate dominant active sites, wherein Ni/Co(OH)2‐Ru heterogeneous catalysts formed on nickel foam (NF) demonstrate remarkable catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Meanwhile, the potentials@10 mA cm−2 of Ni/Co(OH)2‐Ru@NF for overall alkaline water and seawater splitting are only 1.36 and 1.41 V, respectively, surpassing those of commercial RuO2@NF and Pt/C@NF. The Ru site is identified as the primary active site for HER by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, while the Co(OH)2 site displays the minimal rate‐determining step energy barrier (RDS) and functions as the main active site for OER. This study offers novel perspectives on the rational utilization of diverse metal species’ catalytic capabilities for developing dual active sites multifunctional electrocatalysts.