bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerating the Rate‐Determining Steps of Sulfur Conversion Reaction for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries Working at an Ultrawide Temperature Range
Authors: Deng Ding‐Rong , Xiong Hai‐Ji , Luo Yu‐Lin , Yu Kai‐Min , Weng Jian‐Chun , Li Gui‐Fang , Lei Jie , Li Yi , Zheng Ming‐Sen , Wu Qi‐Hui
Published: June 2024

Wide operation temperature is the crucial objective for an energy storage system that can be applied under harsh environmental conditions. For lithium‐sulfur batteries, the “shuttle effect” of polysulfide intermediates will aggravate with the temperature increasing, while the reaction kinetics decreases sharply as the temperature decreasing. In particular, sulfur reaction mechanism at low temperatures seems to be quite different from that at room temperature. Here, through in situ Raman and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies, the newly emerged platform at cryogenic temperature corresponds to the reduction process of Li2S8 to Li2S4, which will be another rate‐determining step of sulfur conversion reaction, in addition to the solid‐phase conversion process of Li2S4 to Li2S2/Li2S at low temperatures. Porous bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) spheres are designed as sulfur host material, which achieve the rapid snap‐transfer‐catalytic process by shortening lithium‐ion transport pathway and accelerating the targeted rate‐determining steps. Such promoting effect greatly inhibits severe “shuttle effect” at high temperatures and simultaneously improves sulfur conversion efficiency in the cryogenic environment. The cell with the porous BiVO4 spheres as the host exhibits excellent rate capability and cycle performance under wide working temperatures.
Nature‐Inspired Superhydrophilic Biosponge as Structural Beneficial Platform for Sweating Analysis Patch
Authors: Ding Hanlin , Yang Hao , Tsujimura Seiya
Published: June 2024

Perspiration plays a pivotal role not only in thermoregulation but also in reflecting the body's internal state and its response to external stimuli. The up‐to‐date skin‐based wearable platforms have facilitated the monitoring and simultaneous analysis of sweat, offering valuable physiological insights. Unlike conventional passive sweating, dynamic normal perspiration, which occurs during various activities and rest periods, necessitates a more reliable method of collection to accurately capture its real‐time fluctuations. An innovative microfluidic patch incorporating a hierarchical superhydrophilic biosponge, poise to significantly improve the efficiency capture of dynamic sweat is introduced. The seamlessly integrated biosponge microchannel showcases exceptional absorption capabilities, efficiently capturing non‐sensitive sweat exuding from the skin surface, mitigating sample loss and minimizing sweat volatilization. Furthermore, the incorporation of sweat‐rate sensors alongside a suite of functional electrochemical sensors endows the patch of uninterrupted monitoring and analysis of dynamic sweat during various activities, stress events, high‐energy intake, and other scenarios.
Accelerated Conversion of Polysulfides for Ultra Long‐Cycle of Li‐S Battery at High‐Rate over Cooperative Cathode Electrocatalyst of Ni0.261Co0.739S2/N‐Doped CNTs
Authors: Ji Junhyuk , Park Minseon , Kim Minho , Kang Song Kyu , Park Gwan Hyeon , Maeng Junbeom , Ha Jungseub , Seo Min Ho , Kim Won Bae
Published: June 2024

Despite the very high theoretical energy density, Li‐S batteries still need to fundamentally overcome the sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and low sulfur utilization that limit the practical applications. Here, highly active and stable cathode, nitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanotubes (NPCTs) decorated with NixCo1‐xS2 nanocrystals are systematically synthesized as multi‐functional electrocatalytic materials. The nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix can contribute to the adsorption of LiPSs on heteroatom active sites with buffering space. Also, both experimental and computation‐based theoretical analyses validate the electrocatalytic principles of co‐operational facilitated redox reaction dominated by covalent‐site‐dependent mechanism; the favorable adsorption‐interaction and electrocatalytic conversion of LiPSs take place subsequently by weakening sulfur‐bond strength on the catalytic NiOh2+−S−CoOh2+ backbones via octahedral TM‐S (TM = Ni, Co) covalency‐relationship, demonstrating that fine tuning of CoOh2+ sites by NiOh2+ substitution effectively modulates the binding energies of LiPSs on the NixCo1‐xS2@NPCTs surface. Noteworthy, the Ni0.261Co0.739S2@NPCTs catalyst shows great cyclic stability with a capacity of up to 511 mAh g−1 and only 0.055% decay per cycle at 5.0 C during 1000 cycles together with a high areal capacity of 2.20 mAh cm−2 under 4.61 mg cm−2 sulfur loading even after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. This strategy highlights a new perspective for achieving high‐energy‐density Li‐S batteries.
Investigating historical drivers of latitudinal gradients in polyploid plant biogeography: A multiclade perspective
Authors: Hagen Eric R. , Vasconcelos Thais , Boyko James D. , Beaulieu Jeremy M.
Published: June 2024

Premise

The proportion of polyploid plants in a community increases with latitude, and different hypotheses have been proposed about which factors drive this pattern. Here, we aimed to understand the historical causes of the latitudinal polyploidy gradient using a combination of ancestral state reconstruction methods. Specifically, we assessed whether (1) polyploidization enables movement to higher latitudes (i.e., polyploidization precedes occurrences in higher latitudes) or (2) higher latitudes facilitate polyploidization (i.e., occurrence in higher latitudes precedes polyploidization).

Methods

We reconstructed the ploidy states and ancestral niches of 1032 angiosperm species at four paleoclimatic time slices ranging from 3.3 million years ago to the present, comprising taxa from four well‐represented clades: Onagraceae, Primulaceae, Solanum (Solanaceae), and Pooideae (Poaceae). We used ancestral niche reconstruction models alongside a customized discrete character evolution model to allow reconstruction of states at specific time slices. Patterns of latitudinal movement were reconstructed and compared in relation to inferred ploidy shifts.

Results

No single hypothesis applied equally well across all analyzed clades. While significant differences in median latitudinal occurrence were detected in the largest clade, Poaceae, no significant differences were detected in latitudinal movement in any clade.

Conclusions

Our preliminary study is the first to attempt to connect ploidy changes to continuous latitudinal movement, but we cannot favor one hypothesis over another. Given that patterns seem to be clade‐specific, more clades must be analyzed in future studies for generalities to be drawn.
Aspirin therapy is associated with a lower risk of pregnancy loss in both JAK2‐ and CALR‐mutated essential thrombocythemia—A Mayo Clinic study of 200 pregnancies
Authors: Gangat Naseema , Singh Amritpal , Ilyas Rimal , Loscocco Giuseppe Gaetano , Elliott Michelle , Begna Kebede , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew
Published: June 2024

Two‐hundred pregnancies involving 100 women with essential thrombocythemia (ET) were accessed from Mayo Clinic databases (1990–2023). Median platelet count displayed a decline during pregnancy, nadiring at 48% of baseline, in the third trimester: 704–369 × 109/L. Live birth rate was 72%. Of 53 (27%) unintentional pregnancy losses, 48 (24%) occurred in the first trimester. Other fetal complications included preterm birth 3%, intrauterine growth retardation 3%, and stillbirth 1%. Maternal complications included major hemorrhage (7%), preeclampsia (6%), thrombosis (1%), and placental abruption (0.5%). Antepartum management included no specific therapy in 52 (26%), aspirin alone in 112 (56%), aspirin combined with cytoreductive drugs or systemic anticoagulants in 23 (12%), and other permutations in the remaining. Postpartum systemic anticoagulation was documented in 29 (15%) pregnancies. Unintentional first‐trimester loss was predicted by prior fetal loss (43% vs. 18%; p < .01), diabetes mellitus (DM; 67% vs. 23%; p = .02), and absence of aspirin therapy (45% vs. 14%; p < .01); the salutary effect of aspirin therapy was independent of the other two risk factors and apparent in both high (presence of ≥1 risk factor; 33% vs. 61%; p = .07) and low (absence of both risk factors; 10% vs. 34%; p < .01) risk scenarios. The benefit of aspirin therapy, in preventing first‐trimester loss, was significant in both JAK2‐mutated (18% vs. 50%; p < .01) and CALR‐mutated (8% vs. 43%; p < .01) cases. Aspirin use was also associated with a lower risk of venous thrombosis (0% vs. 3%; p = .03). By contrast, the use of systemic anticoagulation, antepartum or postpartum, did not influence fetal or maternal complication rates. CALR mutation and DM predicted maternal hemorrhage (13% vs. 4%; p = .05) and preeclampsia (33% vs. 5%; p = .03), respectively. The current study demonstrates the protective role of aspirin in preventing first‐trimester loss in ET, independent of driver mutation status or other risk factors.
Bidentate Coordination Structure Facilitates High‐Voltage and High‐Utilization Aqueous Zn−I2 Batteries
Authors: Wang Mingming , Meng Yahan , Sajid Muhammad , Xie Zehui , Tong Peiyan , Ma Zhentao , Zhang Kai , Shen Dongyang , Luo Ruihao , Song Li , Wu Lihui , Zheng Xusheng , Li Xiangyang , Chen Wei
Published: June 2024

The aqueous zinc‐iodine battery is a promising energy storage device, but the conventional two‐electron reaction potential and energy density of the iodine cathode are far from meeting practical application requirements. Given that iodine is rich in redox reactions, activating the high‐valence iodine cathode reaction has become a promising research direction for developing high‐voltage zinc‐iodine batteries. In this work, by designing a multifunctional electrolyte additive trimethylamine hydrochloride (TAH), a stable high‐valence iodine cathode in four‐electron‐transfer I−/I2/I+ reactions with a high theoretical specific capacity is achieved through a unique amine group, Cl bidentate coordination structure of (TA)ICl. Characterization techniques such as synchrotron radiation, in situ Raman spectra, and DFT calculations are used to verify the mechanism of the stable bidentate structure. This electrolyte additive stabilizes the zinc anode by promoting the desolvation process and shielding mechanism, enabling the zinc anode to cycle steadily at a maximum areal capacity of 57 mAh cm−2 with 97 % zinc utilization rate. Finally, the four‐electron‐transfer aqueous Zn−I2 full cell achieves 5000 stable cycles at an N/P ratio of 2.5. The unique bidentate coordination structure contributes to the further development of high‐valence and high capacity aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries.
Airway fire with use of diathermy in conjunction with high‐flow nasal oxygen
Authors: Aldridge M.
Published: June 2024

Operating theatre fires are rare but can result in significant morbidity. A 76‐year‐old male with complex airway disease sustained superficial facial burns during an elective airway debulking procedure. His airway was being managed with high‐flow nasal oxygen at 70 l.min−1 and FiO2 1.0 delivered by Optiflow™ (Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand). When suction monopolar diathermy was used to excise hyperkeratotic tissue beside his epiglottis, an arc was created to the tip of the suspension laryngoscope, followed by a jet of flame as the Optiflow circuit ignited. This resulted in burns to the patient's face and shoulder. He required admission to the intensive care unit and had a complicated postoperative course that included the need for surgical tracheostomy to facilitate weaning from mechanical ventilation. This case highlights the dangers of using high‐flow nasal oxygen alongside an ignition source.
Mitigation of experimental ER stress and diabetes mellitus induced peripheral neuropathy by autophagy promoter, 6‐BIO
Authors: Jaiswar Praveen , Bhate Mitali , Surolia Avadhesha
Published: June 2024

Neuropathy occurs due to damage to the peripheral/central nervous system either due to injury, disease, or drug usage. Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is observed in neuropathy. ER stress also leads to a block in autophagy amplifying neuropathic pain. 6‐Bromoindirubin‐3′‐oxime (6‐BIO) is an inhibitor of GSK‐3β which suppresses mTOR activity thereby increasing autophagy. Tunicamycin (TM)‐mediated ER stress and diabetic rat models were used to elucidate the role of ER stress and autophagy in mitigation of neuropathic pain by 6‐BIO. Pain was assessed by behavioral studies in ER stressed/diabetic rats having neuropathy. Western blotting, RT‐PCR, and fluorescence microscopy were used to assess the level of autophagy and ER stress after TM and 6‐BIO treatment in SH‐SY5Y neurons. Intraplantar injection of TM in rats led to peripheral neuropathy which was reduced upon 6‐BIO injection. 6‐BIO also reduced pain in animals exhibiting diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Modulation in the markers of autophagy (p‐mTOR, LC‐3, and SQSTM1/p62) shows that 6‐BIO induces autophagolysosome formation post TM treatment. Concomitantly, 6‐BIO reduces ER stress and c‐Fos expression—a neuronal activity and pain marker. Alleviation of pain by the inhibition of ER stress and increased formation of autolysosomes by 6‐BIO can be harnessed for treating peripheral neuropathy.
Prepare to manage legal issues tied to heightened political activism
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: June 2024

Activism has always been present on campuses, but in the past four years institutions of higher education have experienced more robust engagement of community members concerning social and political issues.
Effective communication in a crisis requires advance planning
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2024

CLEARWATER BEACH, Fla. — From cybercrime, on‐campus violence, student deaths, and natural disasters to academic scandals and faculty/staff misconduct, there's no shortage of potential crises that can hit college campuses. In the midst of a crisis, higher education administrators often find themselves unprepared to manage communications effectively, which only exacerbates the problem, according to James Haggerty, J.D., CEO of PRCG/Haggerty LLC, a strategic crisis communications firm. He spoke at Stetson University's Annual National Conference on Higher Education Law and Policy.
Emerging technologies in dermatopathology
Authors: Goldust Mohamad , Cockerell Clay J.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Advancements in technology have had a major impact on dermatopathology, leading to changes in diagnostic approaches and patient care. This review examines the latest developments that have significantly altered the landscape of dermatopathology.

Methods

The study uses a comprehensive literature review and analysis to examine innovative technologies that are shaping the practice of dermatopathology. Key focus areas include artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology, advanced imaging techniques, and molecular diagnostics.

Results

The review highlights the key role of AI in optimizing diagnostic processes and improving accuracy through pattern recognition and data analysis. Digital pathology is shown to facilitate seamless collaboration, remote consultation, and enhanced accessibility to diagnostic expertise. Advanced imaging techniques enable a deeper understanding of tissue morphology and cellular structures, while molecular diagnostics offer insights into genetic and molecular alterations underlying skin diseases.

Conclusion

The integration of these cutting‐edge technologies introduces a new era in dermatopathology, enabling clinicians to achieve greater precision in diagnosis and treatment selection. By using the power of AI, digital pathology, advanced imaging, and molecular diagnostics, dermatopathologists can tailor personalized treatment strategies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular health: Evidence of causal relationships in a European ancestry population
Authors: Ruan Weiqiang , Zhou Xiaoqin , Li Jing , Liu Huizhen , Wang Ting , Zhang Guiying , Lin Ke
Published: June 2024

Aims

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether T2DM directly causes adverse cardiac remodelling is uncertain. We performed a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relevance of T2DM to CVD outcomes and cardiac structure/function.

Methods and results

Bidirectional two‐sample MR was conducted using summary‐level data from European‐ancestry genome‐wide association studies. The T2DM GWAS data included 80 154 cases and 853 816 controls from the DIAGRAM consortium. Outcomes included coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and various quantitative cardiac imaging traits assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. MR analysis revealed causal associations between genetic predisposition to T2DM and increased risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR] 1.104, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.078–1.130, P = 2.59e‐16), MI (OR 1.129, 95% CI 1.094–1.166, P = 6.02e‐14) and stroke (OR 1.086, 95% CI 1.064–1.109, P = 1.02e‐14). These associations were validated in the FinnGen cohort (CAD: OR 1.117, 95% CI 1.075–1.158, P = 1.56e‐9; MI: OR 1.132, 95% CI 1.083–1.184, P = 4.27e‐8; stroke: OR 1.138, 95% CI 1.107–1.170, P = 3.52e‐20). Multivariable MR show consistent findings (CAD: OR 1.063, 95% CI 1.031–1.097, P = 1.11e‐4; MI: OR 1.088, 95% CI 1.042–1.135, P = 1.12e‐4; stroke: OR 1.066, 95% CI 1.032–1.101, P = 1.18e‐4) after adjusting for cardiometabolic traits. T2DM was causally associated with higher left ventricular mass index (β = 0.473, 95% CI 0.193 to 0.752, P = 0.001), lower indexed right atrial minimum (β = −0.048, 95% CI −0.073 to −0.022, P = 2.1e‐5), and maximum (β = −0.042, 95% CI −0.065 to −0.019, P = 4.12e‐5) areas. The effects on right atrial size remained significant after adjusting for risk factors (minimum area: β = −0.041, 95% CI −0.072 to −0.010, P = 0.009; maximum area: β = −0.039, 95% CI −0.069 to −0.008, P = 0.012). Both apolipoprotein A1 and SBP are important mediators in the causal relationship between T2DM and left ventricular mass index. No reverse causal associations were identified.

Conclusions

Our MR study demonstrates that genetic liability to T2DM plays causal roles in CAD, MI, stroke, and cardiac structure changes including left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced right atrial dimensions. These findings provide genetic evidence supporting glycaemic control in T2DM to mitigate cardiovascular complications and adverse cardiac remodelling.
Neuroendocrine tumor of the liver in pregnancy: A very rare case report
Authors: Lasmi Ramya , Bansal Ramandeep , Suri Vanita , Das Chandan Krushna , Kundu Reetu
Published: June 2024

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the liver represent a rare entity. Amongst this group of uncommon diseases primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PH‐NEN) represent only 0.3% of all NENs. Moreover, PH‐NEN has very rarely been reported in pregnancy. We report a 28‐year‐old young patient with metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver complicated with pregnancy. She was evaluated and managed through a multidisciplinary team approach and received two cycles of chemotherapy with a cisplatin/etoposide regimen during the antenatal period and delivered at 37 weeks period of gestation (POG). This case highlights the importance of major challenges faced during the diagnosis and management of this very rare disease in pregnancy and the successful fetomaternal outcome.
JCVI: A versatile toolkit for comparative genomics analysis
Authors: Tang Haibao , Krishnakumar Vivek , Zeng Xiaofei , Xu Zhougeng , Taranto Adam , Lomas Johnathan S. , Zhang Yixing , Huang Yumin , Wang Yibin , Yim Won Cheol , Zhang Jisen , Zhang Xingtan
Published: June 2024

The life cycle of genome builds spans interlocking pillars of assembly, annotation, and comparative genomics to drive biological insights. While tools exist to address each pillar separately, there is a growing need for tools to integrate different pillars of a genome project holistically. For example, comparative approaches can provide quality control of assembly or annotation; genome assembly, in turn, can help to identify artifacts that may complicate the interpretation of genome comparisons. The JCVI library is a versatile Python‐based library that offers a suite of tools that excel across these pillars. Featuring a modular design, the JCVI library provides high‐level utilities for tasks such as format parsing, graphics generation, and manipulation of genome assemblies and annotations. Supporting genomics algorithms like MCscan and ALLMAPS are widely employed in building genome releases, producing publication‐ready figures for quality assessment and evolutionary inference. Developed and maintained collaboratively, the JCVI library emphasizes quality and reusability.
Assessing the potential role of ChatGPT in spine surgery research
Authors: Herzog Isabel , Mendiratta Dhruv , Para Ashok , Berg Ari , Kaushal Neil , Vives Michael
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Since its release in November 2022, Chat Generative Pre‐Trained Transformer 3.5 (ChatGPT), a complex machine learning model, has garnered more than 100 million users worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine how well ChatGPT can generate novel systematic review ideas on topics within spine surgery.

Methods

ChatGPT was instructed to give ten novel systematic review ideas for five popular topics in spine surgery literature: microdiscectomy, laminectomy, spinal fusion, kyphoplasty and disc replacement. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Cochrane. The number of nonsystematic review articles and number of systematic review papers that had been published on each ChatGPT‐generated idea were recorded.

Results

Overall, ChatGPT had a 68% accuracy rate in creating novel systematic review ideas. More specifically, the accuracy rates were 80%, 80%, 40%, 70% and 70% for microdiscectomy, laminectomy, spinal fusion, kyphoplasty and disc replacement, respectively. However, there was a 32% rate of ChatGPT generating ideas for which there were 0 nonsystematic review articles published. There was a 71.4%, 50%, 22.2%, 50%, 62.5% and 51.2% success rate of generating novel systematic review ideas, for which there were also nonsystematic reviews published, for microdiscectomy, laminectomy, spinal fusion, kyphoplasty, disc replacement and overall, respectively.

Conclusions

ChatGPT generated novel systematic review ideas at an overall rate of 68%. ChatGPT can help identify knowledge gaps in spine research that warrant further investigation, when used under supervision of an experienced spine specialist. This technology can be erroneous and lacks intrinsic logic; so, it should never be used in isolation.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Inter‐laboratory multiplex bead‐based surface protein profiling of MSC‐derived EV preparations identifies MSC‐EV surface marker signatures
Authors: Nguyen Vivian V. T. , Welsh Joshua A. , Tertel Tobias , Choo Andre , van de Wakker Simonides I. , Defourny Kyra A. Y. , Giebel Bernd , Vader Pieter , Padmanabhan Jayanthi , Lim Sai Kiang , Nolte‐'t Hoen Esther N. M. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Bostancioglu R. Beklem , Zickler Antje M. , Hong Jia Mei , Jones Jennifer C. , EL Andaloussi Samir , van Balkom Bas W. M. , Görgens André
Published: June 2024

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising regenerative therapeutics that primarily exert their effects through secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs – being small and non‐living – are easier to handle and possess advantages over cellular products. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of MSC‐EVs is increasingly investigated. However, due to variations in MSC‐EV manufacturing strategies, MSC‐EV products should be considered as highly diverse. Moreover, the diverse array of EV characterisation technologies used for MSC‐EV characterisation further complicates reliable interlaboratory comparisons of published data. Consequently, this study aimed to establish a common method that can easily be used by various MSC‐EV researchers to characterise MSC‐EV preparations to facilitate interlaboratory comparisons. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive inter‐laboratory assessment using a novel multiplex bead‐based EV flow cytometry assay panel. This assessment involved 11 different MSC‐EV products from five laboratories with varying MSC sources, culture conditions, and EV preparation methods. Through this assay panel covering a range of mostly MSC‐related markers, we identified a set of cell surface markers consistently positive (CD44, CD73 and CD105) or negative (CD11b, CD45 and CD197) on EVs of all explored MSC‐EV preparations. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed distinct surface marker profiles associated with specific preparation processes and laboratory conditions. We propose CD73, CD105 and CD44 as robust positive markers for minimally identifying MSC‐derived EVs and CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD45 and CD79 as reliable negative markers. Additionally, we highlight the influence of culture medium components, particularly human platelet lysate, on EV surface marker profiles, underscoring the influence of culture conditions on resulting EV products. This standardisable approach for MSC‐EV surface marker profiling offers a tool for routine characterisation of manufactured EV products in pre‐clinical and clinical research, enhances the quality control of MSC‐EV preparations, and hopefully paves the way for higher consistency and reproducibility in the emerging therapeutic MSC‐EV field.
Retracted Publications in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: What Mistakes Are Being Made?
Authors: Choudhry Hannaan S. , Anur Sugosh M. , Choudhry Hassan S. , Kokush Emily M. , Patel Aman M. , Fang Christina H.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Retraction of publications is critical to maintaining scientific integrity, yet there is a lack of research on its occurrence in Otolaryngology. This study investigates characteristics, trends, and reasons for retraction of publications in otolaryngology journals.

Study Design

Bibliometric analysis.

Setting

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science.

Methods

A PubMed search for publications retracted during 1990 to 2022 from the top 60 journals with the subject “Otorhinolaryngology” using Scopus' CiteScore was performed. Publications were excluded if they were not in English, had missing information or did not have available abstracts or full‐text. Publication and retraction dates, journal, country of origin, citation counts, journal impact factor (JIF), topic, and reason for retraction were recorded. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to identify potential associations in the data.

Results

Fifty‐three publications were included. The 2020s had the highest number of retractions per year (4.33), with publications being retracted on average, 35 months after initial publication. The most common retracted topic and country of origin were head and neck (26.4%) and China (17.0%), respectively. Most publications were retracted because of plagiarism or duplicate publication (52.8%). Mean citation count was 6.92 ± 8.32 and mean JIF was 2.80 ± 1.35. Citation count was positively associated with months until retraction (r = .432, P = .001). There was no significant correlation between months to retraction and JIF (r = .022, P = .878).

Conclusion

The most cited reasons for retraction were plagiarism and duplicate publication. An understanding of the reasons for retraction can better position journals to enforce more meticulous review standards and reduce such publications from being published.

Level of Evidence

Level 4.
Pulmonary Mycobacterium shinjukuense infection with cavitary lesion
Authors: Sueda Yuriko , Tokuyasu Hirokazu , Sakai Hiromitsu , Yamasaki Akira
Published: June 2024

Key message

We report a rare case of pulmonary Mycobacterium shinjukuense infection with cavitary lesion. Chemotherapy with rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin was effective for the lesion.
Algebraic Bethe ansatz approach to the correlation functions of the one-dimensional bosons with attraction
Authors: Slavnov N. A.
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We consider a model of a one-dimensional Bose gas with attraction. We study ground state equal-time correlation functions in this model using the algebraic Bethe ansatz. In cases of strong interaction or/and large-volume systems, we obtain very simple explicit formulas for correlations.
A holographic entanglement entropy at spi
Authors: Ghosh Abir , Krishnan Chethan
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Defining finite entanglement entropy for a subregion in quantum field theory requires the introduction of two logically independent scales: an IR scale that controls the size of the subregion, and a UV cut-off. In AdS/CFT, the IR scale is the AdS lengthscale, the UV cut-off is the bulk radial cut-off, and the subregion is specified by dimensionless angles. This is the data that determines Ryu-Takayanagi surfaces and their areas in AdS/CFT. We argue that in asymptotically flat space there exists the notion of a “spi-subregion” that one can associate to spatial infinity (spi). Even though geometrically quite different from an AdS subregion, this angle data has the crucial feature that it allows an interpretation as a bi-partitioning of spi. Therefore, the area of the RT surface associated to the spi-subregion can be interpreted as the entanglement entropy of the reduced density matrix of the bulk state under this bi-partition, as in AdS/CFT. For symmetric spi-subregions, these RT surfaces are the waists of Asymptotic Causal Diamonds. In empty flat space they reduce to Rindler horizons, and are analogues of the AdS-Rindler horizons of Casini, Huerta & Myers. We connect these results to previous work on minimal surfaces anchored to screens in empty space, but also generalize the discussion to the case where there are black holes in the bulk. The phases of black hole RT surfaces as the spi-subregion is varied, naturally connect with those of black holes (small and large) in AdS. A key observation is that the radial cut-off is associated to an IR scale in flat space — and in fact there are no UV divergences. We argue that this is consistent with previous suggestions that in sub-AdS scales the holographic duality is an IR/IR correspondence and that the degrees of freedom are not those of a local QFT, but those of long strings. Strings are of course, famously UV finite.
Generalized permutohedra in the kinematic space
Authors: Early Nick
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In this note, we study the permutohedral geometry of the singularities of a certain differential form introduced in recent work of Arkani-Hamed, Bai, He and Yan. There it was observed that the poles of the form determine a family of polyhedra which have the same face lattice as that of the permutohedron. We realize that family explicitly, proving that it in fact fills out the configuration space of a particularly well-behaved family of generalized permutohedra, the zonotopal generalized permutohedra, that are obtained as the Minkowski sums of line segments parallel to the root directions ei − ej.

Finally we interpret Mizera’s formula for the biadjoint scalar amplitude m(𝕀n, 𝕀n), restricted to a certain dimension n − 2 subspace of the kinematic space, as a sum over the boundary components of the standard root cone, which is the conical hull of the roots e1 − e2, … , en−2 − en−1.
Approaching Argyres-Douglas theories
Authors: Bharadwaj Sriram , D’Hoker Eric
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The Seiberg-Witten solution to four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 super-Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(N) and without hypermultiplets is used to investigate the neighborhood of the maximal Argyres-Douglas points of type $$ \left({\mathfrak{a}}_1,{\mathfrak{a}}_{N-1}\right) $$

a
1

a

N
−
1

. A convergent series expansion for the Seiberg-Witten periods near the Argyres-Douglas points is obtained by analytic continuation of the series expansion around the ℤ2N symmetric point derived in arXiv:2208.11502. Along with direct integration of the Picard-Fuchs equations for the periods, the expansion is used to determine the location of the walls of marginal stability for SU(3). The intrinsic periods and Kähler potential of the $$ \left({\mathfrak{a}}_1,{\mathfrak{a}}_{N-1}\right) $$

a
1

a

N
−
1

superconformal fixed point are computed by letting the strong coupling scale tend to infinity. We conjecture that the resulting intrinsic Kähler potential is positive definite and convex, with a unique minimum at the Argyres-Douglas point, provided only intrinsic Coulomb branch operators with unitary scaling dimensions ∆ > 1 acquire a vacuum expectation value, and provide both analytical and numerical evidence in support of this conjecture. In all the low rank examples considered here, it is found that turning on moduli dual to ∆ ≤ 1 operators spoils the positivity and convexity of the intrinsic Kähler potential.
Obstetric factors and neonatal outcomes of depressed skull fractures in newborns
Authors: Choi Jihyun , Cho Iseop , Kim Tae Eun , Kim Hyeon Ji , Park Jee Yoon , Kim Chae-Yong
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To determine the obstetric factors affecting the development of depressed skull fracture in neonates.

Materials and methods

This was a retrospectively cohort study on neonates born between July 2016 and August 2021. Neonates diagnosed with depressed skull fractures within one week of birth through X-ray and/or brain ultrasonography were included, and their mothers' obstetric characteristics were reviewed.

Results

There were 12 cases in 6791 live births. Five women were over 35 years old. All except two were nulliparous. Five cases were delivered from labor induction and others presented with spontaneous labor. Except for two cases, delivery occurred within an hour after full cervical dilatation. Two cases were assisted by vacuum. None displayed fetal distress signs such as low Apgar scores below 7, meconium staining, and umbilical cord pH under 7.2. All depressed fractures were found in the right parietal area. Three cases resulted in focal hyperechoic lesion in brain ultrasonography and two of them showed small hemorrhage-like lesion in magnetic resonance imaging. All depressed skull fractures improved within 6 months in followed X-rays or ultrasonography.

Conclusions

There was no definitely associated obstetric condition for depressed skull fracture of neonates although nulliparous women were majority of the affected cases.
Fatigue and associated factors in myasthenia gravis: a nationwide registry study
Authors: Funke Mattea , Eveslage Maria , Zschüntzsch Jana , Hagenacker Tim , Ruck Tobias , Schubert Charlotte , Schroeter Michael , Meisel Andreas , Wiendl Heinz , Hoffmann Sarah , Lünemann Jan D.
Published: June 2024

Fatigue is commonly associated with myasthenia gravis (MG), but factors contributing to fatigue development in MG are incompletely understood. This nationwide cross-sectional registry study included 1464 patients diagnosed with autoimmune MG, recruited between February 2019 and April 2023. Frequency and severity of fatigue was assessed at study inclusion using the patient-reported Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ). Frequency of fatigue was 59%. Fatigue severity strongly correlated with both patient-reported and physician-assessed MG outcome measures (MG-ADL, MG-QoL15, QMG and MGFA classes) and was associated with a history of myasthenic exacerbation and/or myasthenic crises and a delay in diagnosis of more than 1 year after symptom onset. Fatigue was more prevalent in women and coincided with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep dissatisfaction. Differences in fatigue severity were observed between antibody (ab) subgroups, with highest fatigue severity in LRP4-ab-positive patients and lowest fatigue severity in AChR-ab-positive patients. Fatigue is a frequent and clinically highly relevant symptom of MG. Early diagnosis and prevention of MG crises may limit the long-term burden of fatigue in patients with MG.
Online Unit Profit Knapsack with Predictions
Authors: Boyar Joan , Favrholdt Lene M. , Larsen Kim S.
Published: June 2024

A variant of the online knapsack problem is considered in the setting of predictions. In Unit Profit Knapsack, the items have unit profit, i.e., the goal is to pack as many items as possible. For Online Unit Profit Knapsack, the competitive ratio is unbounded. In contrast, it is easy to find an optimal solution offline: Pack as many of the smallest items as possible into the knapsack. The prediction available to the online algorithm is the average size of those smallest items that fit in the knapsack. For the prediction error in this hard online problem, we use the ratio $$r=\frac{a}{\hat{a}}$$

r
=

a

a
^

where a is the actual value for this average size and $$\hat{a}$$

a
^

is the prediction. We give an algorithm which is $$\frac{e-1}{e}$$

e
-
1

e

-competitive, if $$r=1$$

r
=
1

, and this is best possible among online algorithms knowing a and nothing else. More generally, the algorithm has a competitive ratio of $$\frac{e-1}{e}r$$

e
-
1

e

r

, if $$r \le 1$$

r
≤
1

, and $$\frac{e-r}{e}r$$

e
-
r

e

r

, if $$1 \le r < e$$

1
≤
r
<
e

. Any algorithm with a better competitive ratio for some $$r<1$$

r
<
1

will have a worse competitive ratio for some $$r>1$$

r
>
1

. To obtain a positive competitive ratio for all r, we adjust the algorithm, resulting in a competitive ratio of $$\frac{1}{2r}$$

1

2
r

for $$r\ge 1$$

r
≥
1

and $$\frac{r}{2}$$

r
2

for $$r\le 1$$

r
≤
1

. We show that improving the result for any $$r< 1$$

r
<
1

leads to a worse result for some $$r>1$$

r
>
1

.
Protracted magmatism and crust–mantle interaction during continental collision: insights from the Variscan granitoids of the external western Alps
Authors: Fréville Kévin , Jacob Jean-Baptiste , Vanardois Jonas , Trap Pierre , Melleton Jérémie , Faure Michel , Guillot Stéphane , Janots Emilie , Bruguier Olivier , Poujol Marc , Lach Philippe , Révillon Sidonie
Published: June 2024

Variscan granitoids and associated mafic rocks exposed in the External Crystalline Massifs (ECM) of the Western Alps document the Variscan stages from the early Carboniferous collision to the early Permian post-collisional setting. Our study focuses on the Central part of the ECM, synthesizing newly acquired and existing geochronological, whole-rock geochemical and isotopic data. We identified two distinctive magmatic series: (i) high-K calc-alkaline granitoids, which range from magnesian (MgG) to ferro-magnesian (FeMgG) rocks; (ii) ultra-high-K metaluminous (UHKM) rocks (“durbachites”). These series were emplaced roughly simultaneously between ca. 350 and 300 Ma, with two main episodes during the Visean (ca. 348–335 Ma) and the late Carboniferous (305–299 Ma), with a more limited activity in between. A younger Permian event at ca. 280–275 Ma has also been identified in one granitoid pluton. Contemporaneous emplacement of these two series reflects concomitant crustal anatexis and melting of LILE–LREE-rich metasomatized lithospheric mantle. Trace elements and Nd–Sr isotopes reveal significant hybridization between these two magmatic end members, by magma mixing, or assimilation of crystallized mafic ultrapotassic enclaves in the high-K calc-alkaline granitoids. Granitoid composition evolves over time, especially SiO2, Mg#, Sr/Y, La/Yb and Nb/Ta, possibly explained by increasing differentiation of magmas over time, changes in the crust versus mantle sources mass-balance, and decrease in melting pressure due to the orogenic collapse. The εNdi values of both high-K calc-alkaline granitoids and durbachites decreases from [− 3.8; − 2.9] to [− 6.4; − 5.2] between 345 and 320 Ma, possibly indicating an increasing influence of subducted/relaminated crustal material contaminating the lithospheric mantle source. εNdi values then rise to [− 3.7; − 0.5] during the late Carboniferous, possibly due to progressive exhaustion of the enriched mantle source, or advection of the asthenosphere during the post-collisional stage.

Graphic abstract

Possible geodynamic scenario along the central-eastern segment of the Variscan Belt, which may account for the temporal evolution of Variscan magmatism in the External Western Alps.
Study draft: “UVC—You Will See” study: longer vs. shorter umbilical venous catheter (UVC) dwell time (6–10 vs. 1–5 days) in very premature infants with birth weight < 1250 g and/or gestational age < 30 weeks
Authors: Meyer Sascha , Hess Steffi , Poryo Martin , Papan Cihan , Simon Arne , Welcker Silvia , Ehrlich Anne , Ruckes Christian
Published: June 2024

Background

Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) are often used in preterm infants. Their use is associated with complications (infections, clot formation, organ injury). Very preterm infants with acquired bloodstream infection are at a higher risk for death and important morbidities (e.g., adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes). It is standard clinical practice to remove UVCs in the first days of life. Replacement of intravenous access is often performed using percutaneously inserted central catheters (PICCs). It is unclear whether serial central line use affects the rates of catheter-related complications.

Methods

A multicenter randomized controlled trial (random group assignment) was performed in 562 very premature (gestational age < 30 weeks) and/or very low birth weight infants (< 1250 g) requiring an UVC for administration of parenteral nutrition and/or drugs. Group allocation was random.

Hypothesis

A UVC dwell time of 6–10 days (281 infants) is not associated with an increased rate of central venous catheter (UVC, PICC)-related complications compared to 1–5 days (281 infants), and a longer UVC dwell time will significantly reduce the number of painful, invasive procedures associated with the need for vascular access as well as radiation exposure, use of antibiotics, and medical costs.

Primary outcome parameter

The number of catheter-related bloodstream infections and/or catheter-related thromboses and/or catheter-associated organ injuries related to the use of UVC/PICC was the primary outcome.

Conclusion

Extending the UVC dwell time may significantly reduce the number of painful invasive procedures, with the potential to positively impact not only long-term pain perception but also important social competencies (attention, learning, and behavior). Thus, the “UVC—You Will See” study has the potential to substantially change current neonatal intensive care practice.
Intelligent analysis of android application privacy policy and permission consistency
Authors: Tu Tengfei , Zhang Hua , Gong Bei , Du Daizhong , Wen Qiaoyan
Published: June 2024

With the continuous development of mobile devices, mobile applications bring a lot of convenience to people’s lives. The abuse of mobile device permissions is prone to the risk of privacy leakage. The existing detection technology can detect the inconsistency between the declared authority and the actual use authority. But using the third-party privacy policy as the analysis basis for SDK permissions will result in a large set of extracted declaration permissions, which will lead to identifying risky applications as normal applications during consistency comparison. The prevailing approach involves utilizing models based on TextCNN to extract information from privacy policies. However, the training of TextCNN relies on large-scale annotated datasets, leading to high costs. This paper uses BERT as the word vector extraction model to obtain private phrases from the privacy policy. And then we use cosine similarity to automatically filter permission phrase samples, reducing the workload of manual labeling. On the other hand, existing methods do not support the analysis of Chinese privacy policies. In order to solve the problem of consistency judgment between Chinese privacy policy and permission usage, we implement a BERT-based Android privacy policy and permission usage consistency analysis engine. The engine first uses static analysis to obtain the permission list of Android applications, and then combines the BERT model to achieve consistency analysis. After functional and speed testing, we found that the engine can successfully run the consistency analysis function of Chinese declaration permissions and usage permissions, and it is better than the existing detection methods.
“Mom Just Forgot Me at a Gas Station”: A Qualitative Study of Parental ADHD in the Home
Authors: Alvey Hailey M. , Walters Andrew S. , Noll Laura K.
Published: June 2024

Existing literature suggests that the symptomatology for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have serious implications for parenting behavior. Although presentation of symptoms for adults with ADHD may negatively impact ability to successfully and confidently fulfill parenting responsibilities (e.g., involvement and responsiveness, timeliness, organization, routine), far less is known about how the disorder affects children in the home. The few qualitative studies identifying this issue are limited in breadth and include either unclear interpretations of analyses or a sample consisting of children under the age of 18. The current study addressed this chasm by assessing retrospective experiences of emerging adults who grew up with a parent with ADHD. The study included 16 semi-structured interviews with emerging adults aged 18 to 25 and used thematic analysis to examine themes across individuals. Analyses revealed that individuals often felt an inherent responsibility for their parent’s ADHD symptoms, and subsequent feelings of guilt and resignation. Additionally, individuals identified a lasting, existential impact on the way they viewed the world and the persons around them resulting from their experiences with ADHD parents. Finally, a large aspect of growing up with ADHD parents was navigating assumptions about parenting responsibilities which were perceived as shattered as a direct result of ADHD symptomatology. By advancing our understanding of ADHD and its impact on the home environment from these children’s perspectives, this project has implications for family science and the broader behavioral health field, placing an emphasis on family-based approaches to disorder education and advocacy.
Legacy effects of historical gold mining on floodplains of an Australian river
Authors: Colombi Francesco , Holland Aleicia , Baldwin Darren , Lawrence Susan , Davies Peter , Rutherfurd Ian , Grove James , Turnbull Jodi , Macklin Mark , Hil Greg , Silvester Ewen
Published: June 2024

The gold rush at the end of the nineteenth century in south-eastern Australia resulted in the mobilization and re-deposition of vast quantities of tailings that modified the geomorphology of the associated river valleys. Previous studies of contamination risk in these systems have either been performed directly on mine wastes (e.g., battery sand) or at locations close to historical mine sites but have largely ignored the extensive area of riverine alluvial deposits extending downstream from gold mining locations. Here we studied the distribution of contaminant metal(loids) in the Loddon River catchment, one of the most intensively mined areas of the historical gold-rush period in Australia (1851–1914). Floodplain alluvium along the Loddon River was sampled to capture differences in metal and metalloid concentrations between the anthropogenic floodplain deposits and the underlying original floodplain. Elevated levels of arsenic up to 300 mg-As/kg were identified within the anthropogenic alluvial sediment, well above sediment guidelines (ISQG-high trigger value of 70 ppm) and substantially higher than in the pre-mining alluvium. Maximum arsenic concentrations were found at depth within the anthropogenic alluvium (plume-like), close to the contact with the original floodplain. The results obtained here indicate that arsenic may pose a significantly higher risk within this river catchment than previously assessed through analysis of surface floodplain soils. The risks of this submerged arsenic plume will require further investigation of its chemical form (speciation) to determine its mobility and potential bioavailability. Our work shows the long-lasting impact of historical gold mining on riverine landscapes.