bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma Presenting with Choroidal Metastasis Simulating Primary Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Everett Lesley , Damato Bertil E. , Bloomer Michele M. , Palmer James D. , Kao Andrew A. , Stewart Jay M. , Afshar Armin R.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To report a case of metastatic cutaneous melanoma presenting with choroidal metastasis simulating primary uveal melanoma. Design: Case report. Method: Presentation of clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and tumor genetic findings in a patient with cutaneous melanoma with choroidal metastasis. Results: A 50-year-old man with a remote history of stage 1A cutaneous melanoma presented with eye pain, peripheral vision loss, floaters, red eye, and choroidal mass that was originally diagnosed as a primary uveal melanoma at an outside institution; however, subsequent imaging and clinical evaluation demonstrated that this choroidal mass was the first manifestation of widely metastatic cutaneous melanoma (liver, pancreas, lung, bone, brain, and orbit lesions). Histopathologic analysis of the tumor after enucleation was consistent with cutaneous melanoma, and tumor genetic testing was positive for BRAF V600E mutation, confirming the choroidal lesion to be a cutaneous melanoma metastasis rather than a primary choroidal melanoma. Conclusions: Metastatic cutaneous melanoma to the orbit or globe occurs rarely. Tumor genetic testing may help differentiate metastatic cutaneous melanoma from primary uveal melanoma in cases where the diagnosis is uncertain, and can also inform therapy and prognostic counseling.
Sarcopenia as a Predictive Factor for Response to Upfront Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer
Authors:   Stangl-Kremser, Mari Andrea , D’Andrea David , Kimura Shoji , Resch Irene , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Klatte Tobias
Published: August 2018

Purpose: We hypothesized sarcopenia as predictive factor as a response to upfront chemotherapy of muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods: We retrospectively studied 30 patients who received upfront cisplatin-based chemotherapy for MIBC (pT2–4 N0/+ M0) before planned radical cystectomy. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated by CT at study baseline and following completion of chemotherapy. Patients were stratified according to the presence of sarcopenia. Endpoints included clinical and pathological response. Results: Sixteen of the 30 patients (53.3%) had sarcopenia at baseline. The median SMI was 51.2 cm2/m2 (IQR 45.6–57.9). Throughout the course of chemotherapy, 22 patients (73.3%) experienced a decline in SMI, which ranged from 1 to 20% (median decline 3%, p < 0.01). All 16 patients with baseline sarcopenia persisted, while 5 of 14 patients (35.7%) without baseline sarcopenia became sarcopenic (p = 0.06). None of the clinical variables were predictive of clinical or pathological response, including SMI (p = 0.78 and p = 0.59), sarcopenia (p = 0.65 and p = 0.16) and SMI kinetics (p = 0.54 and p = 0.77). Conclusion: Sarcopenia is present in a considerable proportion of patients with MIBC undergoing upfront cisplatin-based chemotherapy before planned RC. SMI decreases during treatment, but neither baseline SMI nor its kinetics is associated with response to chemotherapy.
Sugar Restriction for Caries Prevention: Amount and Frequency. Which Is More Important?
Authors: van Loveren Cor
Published: August 2018

The World Health Organization guideline to use less sugar may be an opportunity and support for dentistry in its goal to get the message of using less sugar across to the public. Two ways (with all the combinations of these) to achieve a reduction of sugar consumption are the reduction of the amount of sugar in products or the reduction of the frequency of consumption of sugar-containing products. Which sugar-reducing strategy is best for caries prevention? To answer this question, this manuscript discusses the shape of the dose-response association between sugar intake and caries, the influence of fluoridated toothpaste on the association of sugar intake and caries and the relative contribution of frequency and amount of sugar intake to caries levels. The results suggest that when fluoride is appropriately used, the relation between sugar consumption and caries is very low or absent. The high correlation between amount and frequency hampers the decision related to which of both is of more importance, but frequency (and stickiness) fits better in our understanding of the caries process. Reducing the amount without reducing the frequency does not seem to be an effective caries preventive approach in contrast to the reciprocity. Goals set in terms of frequency may also be more tangible for patients to follow than goals set in amount. Yet, in sessions of dietary counselling to prevent dental caries, the counsellor should not forget the importance of quality tooth brushing with fluoride toothpaste.
The Prognostic Role of the Non-Canonical Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Lua Joanne , Qayyum Tahir , Edwards Joanne , Roseweir Antonia K.
Published: August 2018

Background: In the United Kingdom, 8,000 cases of renal cancer are diagnosed each year, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Treatment options are limited; a potential therapeutic target is the non-canonical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. This pathway plays a role in multiple oncogenic processes in solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-canonical nuclear factor pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: NIK, IKKα, and RelB were investigated via immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 192 patients with clear cell renal cancer. Results: High cytoplasmic NIK was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival (p = 0.006) and 10-year survival stratified from 85% (low) to 65% (high, p = 0.005). Similarly, high cytoplasmic RelB was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival (p = 0.041) and 10-year survival stratified from 88% (low) to 73% (high, p = 0.030). When clinicopathological characteristics were assessed, cytoplasmic NIK was associated with survival (p = 0.014), whereas cytoplasmic RelB was associated with increased tumor grade (p = 0.020) and decreased inflammation (p = 0.019). Upon multivariate analysis, it was found that cytoplasmic NIK was independently associated with cancer-specific survival (p = 0.009). Conclusions: The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is associated with poorer cancer-specific survival in RCC patients, making it a viable target for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, cytoplasmic NIK is a potential prognostic biomarker for this disease.
Could Dissimilar Phenotypic Effects of ACTB Missense Mutations Reflect the Actin Conformational Change Two Novel Mutations and Literature Review
Authors: Sandestig Anna , Green Anna , Jonasson Jon , Vogt Hartmut , Wahlström Johan , Pepler Alexander , Ellnebo Katarina , Biskup Saskia , Stefanova Margarita
Published: August 2018

The beta-actin gene encodes 1 of 6 different actin proteins. De novo heterozygous missense mutations in ACTB have been identified in patients with Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS) and also in patients with developmental disorders other than BRWS, such as deafness, dystonia, and neutrophil dysfunction. We describe 2 different novel de novo missense ACTB mutations, c.208C>G (p.Pro70Ala) and c.511C>T (p.Leu171Phe), found by trio exome sequencing analysis of 2 unrelated patients: an 8-year-old boy with a suspected BRWS and a 4-year-old girl with unclear developmental disorder. The mutated residue in the first case is situated in the actin H-loop, which is involved in actin polymerization. The mutated residue in the second case (p.Leu171Phe) is found at the actin barbed end in the W-loop, important for binding to profilin and other actin-binding molecules. While the boy presented with a typical BRWS facial appearance, the girl showed facial features not recognizable as a BRWS gestalt as well as ventricular arrhythmia, cleft palate, thrombocytopenia, and gray matter heterotopia. We reviewed previously published ACTB missense mutations and ascertained that a number of them do not cause typical BRWS. By comparing clinical and molecular data, we speculate that the phenotypic differences found in ACTB missense mutation carriers might supposedly be dependent on the conformational change of ACTB.
Repensar a universidade: desempenho acadêmico e comparações internacionais
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Marcovitch Jacques , Goldemberg José ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Axel-Berg Justin ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Righetti Sabine ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Santos Solange Maria dos ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Oliveira Luiz Nunes de ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Grácio Maria Cláudia Cabrini ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Rosas Fábio Sampaio ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Ranieri Nina ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Pedrosa Renato ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Pereira Micael Waldhelm ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Cruz Carlos Henrique de Brito ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Shimizu Karen ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Ferreira João Eduardo ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Machado Raul ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Segurado Aluisio Cotrim ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Beppu Marisa Masumi ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Holland Helber ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Guimarães José Augusto Chaves ,   Universidade de São Paulo
Published: August 2018

Alexis de Tocqueville, contemplando a tecnologia emergente na América, em meados do século 19, resumiu uma boa premissa de governança: “um novo mundo pede novas políticas”. Hoje, para usarmos uma referência bem próxima, o movimento de adequação das universidades estaduais paulistas às exigências dos novos tempos não poderia vir apenas de uma instituição, isoladamente. Foi unânime, destarte, a decisão de seu Conselho de Reitores (Cruesp), no sentido de empreender um estudo conjunto, das três universidades, sobre políticas a serem adotadas e definir qual a base digital ideal para aferição, registro e difusão de seu desempenho acadêmico. Este livro mostra conteúdos orientadores do projeto “Indicadores de Desempenho nas Universidades Estaduais Paulistas”, ora em andamento. O desafio central do estudo é ampliar e consolidar mecanismos para uma efetiva prestação de contas aos contribuintes. Os ensaios desta coletânea foram aceitos por seus méritos, e não em razão de posicionamentos. Esse, em suma, será o critério a inspirar os reitores aqui reunidos, diante da oportuna e valiosa contribuição que os autores desta obra oferecem à governança acadêmica.
Escalation through Entanglement: How the Vulnerability of Command-and-Control Systems Raises the Risks of an Inadvertent Nuclear War
Authors: Acton James M.
Published: August 2018

Nonnuclear weapons are increasingly able to threaten dual-use command, control, communication, and intelligence assets that are spaced based or distant from probable theaters of conflict. This form of “entanglement” between nuclear and nonnuclear capabilities creates the potential for Chinese or Russian nonnuclear strikes against the United States or U.S. strikes against either China or Russia to spark inadvertent nuclear escalation. Escalation pressures could be generated through crisis instability or through one of two newly identified mechanisms: “misinterpreted warning” or the “damage-limitation window.” The vulnerability of dual-use U.S. early-warning assets provides a concrete demonstration of the risks. These risks would be serious for two reasons. First, in a conventional conflict against the United States, China or Russia would have strong incentives to launch kinetic strikes on U.S. early-warning assets. Second, even limited strikes could undermine the United States' ability to monitor nuclear attacks by the adversary. Moreover, cyber interference with dual-use early-warning assets would create the additional danger of the target's misinterpreting cyber espionage as a destructive attack. Today, the only feasible starting point for efforts to reduce the escalation risks created by entanglement would be unilateral measures—in particular, organizational reform to ensure that those risks received adequate consideration in war planning, acquisition decisions, and crisis decisionmaking. Over the longer term, unilateral measures might pave the way for more challenging cooperative measures, such as agreed restrictions on threatening behavior.
High Stakes and Low Bars: How International Recognition Shapes the Conduct of Civil Wars
Authors: Landau-Wells Marika
Published: August 2018

When rebel groups engage incumbent governments in war for control of the state, questions of international recognition arise. International recognition determines which combatants can draw on state assets, receive overt military aid, and borrow as sovereigns—all of which can have profound consequences for the military balance during civil war. How do third-party states and international organizations determine whom to treat as a state's official government during civil war? Data from the sixty-one center-seeking wars initiated from 1945 to 2014 indicate that military victory is not a prerequisite for recognition. Instead, states generally rely on a simple test: control of the capital city. Seizing the capital does not foreshadow military victory. Civil wars often continue for many years after rebels take control and receive recognition. While geopolitical and economic motives outweigh the capital control test in a small number of important cases, combatants appear to anticipate that holding the capital will be sufficient for recognition. This expectation generates perverse incentives. In effect, the international community rewards combatants for capturing or holding, by any means necessary, an area with high concentrations of critical infrastructure and civilians. In the majority of cases where rebels contest the capital, more than half of its infrastructure is damaged or the majority of civilians are displaced (or both), likely fueling long-term state weakness.
Wayward Leadership and the Breakdown of Reform on the Failed Jesuit Mission to the Maronites, 1577-1579
Authors: Clines Robert John
Published: August 2018

In 1578, at the behest of Syriac Maronite Patriarch Mihail ar-Ruzzy, Pope Gregory XIII sent three Jesuits to Lebanon to assist the Maronites in ecclesiastical reform. However, the mission’s superior, Tommaso Raggio, desired to leave Lebanon, insulted Mihail, and did little to help the Maronites. Within a year of arriving, Raggio was recalled. The mission’s failure due to Raggio’s actions, especially when compared to subsequent successful missions, illuminates three aspects of Catholic missionary activity. First, missionaries and their superiors had to agree on a given mission’s specific objectives. Second, successful missions required missionaries who understood the world in which they found themselves. Third, evangelization was a negotiated process between the clergy and the faithful that often hinged on whether communities felt that missionaries were serving their needs. These three issues point to early modern missionary Catholicism’s need to be conciliatory rather than rigid in its evangelizing and reform efforts.
A Chemical Compound in a Capitalist Commodity Chain: The Production, Distribution and Industrial Use of Alum in the Mediterranean and the Textile Centers of the Low Countries (Thirteenth-Sixteenth Centuries)
Authors: Dumolyn Jan , Lambert Bart
Published: August 2018

According to Immanuel Wallerstein, the sixteenth century saw the emergence of a capitalist world economy in which labor was organized on a global scale, and the production, distribution and use of goods and services were integrated across national boundaries. This article argues that, though exceptional, an integrated, hegemonic division of labor on an international scale did occur before 1500. Adopting one of Wallerstein’s conceptual tools, the commodity chain approach, it analyzes the production, distribution and industrial use of alum, a chemical compound, from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries. The high-quality cloth industry of the Low Countries, the most prominent artisanal sector of the period in Europe, strongly relied on alum as a mordant to fix colors. Yet the best varieties of alum could only be won in Asia Minor until the middle of the fifteenth century and in central Italy after 1450. The combination of the inflexible demand structure and the mineral’s limited supply resulted in the creation of commodity chains that crossed national and even continental boundaries and allowed those in control of the alum mines to establish exactly those dependency relations that were particular to Wallerstein’s world economy of the sixteenth century. If the aim is to study the conditions in which economic actors lived and worked and the ways in which they organized their labor, a focus on the production contexts of specific commodities, rather than on comprehensive world systems, might therefore be more revealing.
Foliar architecture of some members of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) with a key for identification of the Mexican genera
Authors: ROJAS-LEAL ALICIA , TERRAZAS TERESA , VILLASEÑOR JOSÉ LUIS
Published: August 2018

The foliar architecture of 18 genera (Barkleyanthus, Digitacalia, Erechtites, Nelsonianthus, Packera, Pentacalia, Pippenalia, Pittocaulon, Psacaliopsis, Psacalium, Pseudogynoxys, Robinsonecio, Roldana, Senecio, Telanthophora, Tetradymia, Villasenoria and Werneria) of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) distributed in Mexico is described. The aim was to identify leaf characters to be used in the taxonomy and phylogenetics of the tribe, as well as a source to identify at the generic rank the genera distributed in Mexico. More than 400 specimens were revised and several leaves were cleared to analyze leaf venation patterns. Four patterns of primary venation (actinodromous suprabasal, paralelodromous, pinnate and radiate-palmate) and five patterns of secondary venation (brochidodromous, weak-brochidodromous, craspedodromous, mixed-craspedodromous and festooned-semi-craspedodromous) were identified. Terminal tracheids were observed only in veinlets of Pentacalia, Pseudogynoxys and Werneria. In addition, secretory canals and crystals occurred in several genera. Foliar architecture showed to be a useful tool to identify genera, an identification key based mostly on leaf architecture characters is provided.
A new species of Tingidae from Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Hemiptera, Heteroptera)
Authors: HEISS ERNST , GUILBERT ERIC
Published: August 2018

From the Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber, only three genera and species of Tingidae, (Spinitingis ellenbergeri and Burmacader multivenosus Heiss & Guilbert, 2013; Tingiometra burmanica Heiss et al. 2015), are reported to date. A new species Burmacader lativentris sp.nov. is described and illustrated.
Dietary practices of school children in Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Aziz Ayesha , Pervaiz Mehak , Khalid Ayesha , Khan Ayesha Zahid , Rafique Ghazala
Published: August 2018

Background:

Malnutrition in Pakistan has remained an unresolved issue for decades. Data on nutrient intake and variety in children’s diet is lacking.

Aim:

This paper describes the dietary practices of school children across eight districts of Sindh.

Methods:

A school-based survey of dietary practices among 1109 students from classes 2–5 in 36 schools was conducted using a pre-tested interviewer-completed questionnaire.

Results:

Descriptive and comparative analysis of data showed that more than 75% school children ate breakfast, lunch and dinner regularly. However, 10% children skipped breakfast and nearly one-third of them skipped mid-morning and evening snacks. Skipping breakfast and snacks was related to low socio-economic status and rural residence. Children’s intake of protein-rich food items and fruits also illustrated that urban residence and better socio-economic status have a positive effect on the frequency and variety of daily protein and fruit intake. Though affordability and geographic location were key determinants of children’s dietary practices, significantly higher percentages of children studying in class 2, 3 and 4 consumed different kinds of protein-rich food items, fruits and vegetables more frequently as opposed to children studying in class 5. Junk food consumption was more common in urban areas and better socio-economic strata.

Conclusion:

Development of school-based nutrition education programmes and behavior change strategies emphasizing the regular intake of meals and nutrient-rich snacks, and encouraging consumption of easily available and affordable food items such as dried seeds, fruits, vegetables, milk and its derivatives is essential for addressing nutrient deficiencies.
Effects of MOTOmed movement therapy on the mobility and activities of daily living of stroke patients with hemiplegia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shen Cuiling , Liu Fang , Yao Liqun , Li Zhongyuan , Qiu Li , Fang Suzhu
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To estimate the effectiveness of MOTOmed® movement therapy in increasing mobility and activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Design:

Systematic review.

Data sources:

English- and Chinese-language articles published from the start of database coverage through 20 June 2018 were retrieved from the Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, Wanfang, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Chinese Biomedicine databases. Articles were also retrieved by manual searches of Rehabilitation Medicine and Chinese journals.

Methods:

Randomized control trials examining MOTOmed movement therapy interventions for patients with post-stroke hemiplegia were included in this review. The risk of bias assessment tool was utilized in accordance with Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0. All included studies reported mobility effects as primary outcomes. Standardized mean differences or mean differences with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Review Manager 5.3 was utilized for meta-analysis.

Results:

In total, 19 trials involving a total of 1099 patients were included in the analysis. All studies were of moderate quality, based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention: Part 2:8.5. MOTOmed movement therapy resulted in a merged mean difference in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment score of 5.51 (95% CI: 4.03 to 6.98). Comparison of groups treated with and without MOTOmed movement therapy yielded the following mean differences: Modified Ashworth Scale, −1.13 (95% CI: −1.37 to −0.89); Berg Balance Scale, 13.66 (95% CI: 10.47–16.85); Functional Ambulation Category Scale, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.68–1.03); 10-m walk test, 10.15 (95% CI: 5.72–14.58); Barthel Index, 14.82 (95% CI: 12.96–16.68); and Modified Barthel Index, 11.49 (95% CI: 8.96–14.03).

Conclusion:

MOTOmed movement therapy combined with standard rehabilitation improves mobility and activities of daily living in stroke patients with hemiplegia.
Large thrombus-in-transit within a patent foramen ovale in a patient with pulmonary embolism: a case report
Authors: Lu Changhong , Li Junfang , Wang Wugang , Gong Kun , Zhao Liang , Fu Xiuxiu
Published: August 2018

Objective

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is detected frequently by echocardiography. However, a thrombus trapped in a PFO is relatively rare. We herein describe a rare case of a 51-year-old patient with pulmonary embolism in which a large thrombus-in-transit through a PFO was found by echocardiography and disappeared after treatment.

Methods

A 51-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of chest tightness, unspecified chest pain, and shortness of breath. Echocardiography revealed a large thrombus trapped in a PFO with increased pulmonary artery pressure, which is a very rare and critical condition.

Results

The patient was treated with thrombolysis and anticoagulation and discharged from the hospital with an uneventful recovery.

Conclusion

Our treatment of the present patient achieved a satisfactory result, but it may not be applicable to every patient. Echocardiography is a readily available and safe tool for demonstrating the size, location, and extent of a thrombus, and it plays an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment evaluation for patients with a thrombus trapped in a PFO with concurrent pulmonary embolism.
Migraine-related disability, impact, and health-related quality of life among patients with episodic migraine receiving preventive treatment with erenumab
Authors: Buse Dawn C , Lipton Richard B , Hallström Yngve , Reuter Uwe , Tepper Stewart J , Zhang Feng , Sapra Sandhya , Picard Hernan , Mikol Daniel D , Lenz Robert A
Published: August 2018

Background

We evaluated the effect of erenumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the canonical calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, on migraine-related disability, impact, and health-related quality of life among patients with episodic migraine.

Methods

Patients enrolled in a phase 3, 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of once-monthly erenumab 70 and 140 mg for migraine prevention (STRIVE) used an eDiary during the baseline and double-blind treatment phases to complete validated, specific questionnaires, including the modified (monthly) Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire; Headache Impact Test; and Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire-role function-restrictive (MSQ-RFR), -role function-preventive (MSQ-RFP), and -emotional function (MSQ-EF).

Results

A total of 955 patients were randomized to receive erenumab 70 mg (n = 317), erenumab 140 mg (n = 319), or placebo (n = 319). Erenumab versus placebo resulted in significantly greater improvements in all patient-reported outcomes; changes from baseline were numerically higher with 140 mg erenumab. Improvements occurred rapidly and were maintained over 6 months of treatment. Between-group differences from placebo over months 4–6 for the 70- and 140-mg dose groups were, respectively, −2.1 and −2.8 for modified (monthly) Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire, −2.1 and −2.3 for Headache Impact Test, 5.1 and 6.5 for MSQ-RFR, 4.2 and 5.4 for MSQ-RFP, and 5.2 and 6.7 for MSQ-EF ( p < 0.001 for all). Erenumab also significantly reduced the proportion of patients with severe and very severe migraine-related disability and increased the proportion of patients with clinically meaningful improvements in migraine-related impact and health-related quality of life.

Conclusion

Erenumab reduced migraine disability and impact and improved patients’ health-related quality of life, reinforcing its role as a promising new therapy for migraine prevention.
Objective Eye Tracking Deficits Following Concussion for Youth Seen in a Sports Medicine Setting
Authors: Howell David R. , Brilliant Anna N. , Storey Eileen P. , Podolak Olivia E. , Meehan William P. , Master Christina L.
Published: August 2018

Quantification of visual deficits may help to identify dysfunction following concussion. We evaluated eye-tracking measurements among adolescents within 10 days of concussion and healthy control participants. Patients who reported to 2 tertiary care sport concussion clinics within 10 days of concussion completed an objective eye tracking assessment. Seventy-nine participants completed the study, 44 with concussion (mean age = 14.1 ± 2.2 years, 39% female) and 35 controls (mean age = 14.3 ± 2.4 years, 57% female). Right eye skew along the bottom of the screen was significantly higher for the concussion group compared to controls (median = 0.022 [interquartile range = –0.263, 0.482] vs 0.377 [interquartile range = –0.574, –0.031]; P = .002), but not the left eye. Among the variables investigated, right eye skew was altered for adolescents with a concussion. Visual function is an important component in the postconcussion evaluation, and identifying deficits soon after injury may allow for earlier specialist referral and intervention.
Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy
Authors: Wood Alex J , Graham Mark , Lehdonvirta Vili , Hjorth Isis
Published: August 2018

This article evaluates the job quality of work in the remote gig economy. Such work consists of the remote provision of a wide variety of digital services mediated by online labour platforms. Focusing on workers in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, the article draws on semi-structured interviews in six countries ( N = 107) and a cross-regional survey ( N = 679) to detail the manner in which remote gig work is shaped by platform-based algorithmic control. Despite varying country contexts and types of work, we show that algorithmic control is central to the operation of online labour platforms. Algorithmic management techniques tend to offer workers high levels of flexibility, autonomy, task variety and complexity. However, these mechanisms of control can also result in low pay, social isolation, working unsocial and irregular hours, overwork, sleep deprivation and exhaustion.
Reciprocity in Social Support: An Advantage for the Aging Family
Authors: Stevens Ellen S.
Published: August 2018

A sample of 108 community residents, ages 60 through 90, participated in an empirical study of family relationships and later-life satisfaction. Findings indicate that reciprocity in the giving and receiving of familial support is associated with later-life satisfaction. Further, older adults who are givers of support are more likely to express greater life satisfaction.
Clinicians' Reasons for Rejecting Private Practice
Authors: Strom Kimberly
Published: August 2018

Much attention has been focused on the attractions of independent social work practice and the motivations of individuals who choose to enter private practice on either a part-time or full-time basis. The author presents the findings of a study of a national sample of social workers eligible by their training and experience to engage in private practice but who for various reasons chose not to do so. Their reasons for not entering private practice are examined in light of previous research on the attractions of private practice as well as current challenges of private practice. The implications of these findings for structuring rewarding work experiences in agency contexts are discussed.
Bone Loss at HIP Resurfacing: A Comparison with Total HIP Arthroplasty
Authors: Crawford J.R. , Palmer S.J. , Wimhurst J.A. , Villar R.N.
Published: August 2018

Resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip has been advocated as a bone-conserving procedure although concerns have been raised as to whether this is truly the case. We therefore compared bone loss during hip resurfacing with bone loss at total hip arthroplasty under controlled conditions using dry pelvic and femoral Sawbones (DePuy Leeds, UK).

Ten sets of femoral and pelvic Sawbones were included in the study. Five sets were prepared for implantation of a hybrid total hip arthroplasty and five sets were prepared for insertion of hip resurfacing components. The Sawbones were weighed before and after preparation and the amount of dry bone loss was determined.

During preparation of the femur for a resurfacing arthroplasty we resected 51.4% less Sawbone than for a total hip arthroplasty (mean 12.3g vs 25.3g, p<0.001). More bone (311.1%) was removed, however, during acetabular preparation for a resurfacing arthroplasty than for a total hip arthroplasty (mean 5.6g vs 1.8g, p<0.001). The total amount of Sawbone removed was 33.9% less for a resurfacing arthroplasty compared with a total hip arthroplasty (mean 17.9g vs 27.1g, p=0.001). We conclude that although reduced resection of femoral bone may be an advantage of hip resurfacing arthroplasty, the increased amount of bone that is removed from the acetabulum may prove problematic should patients require future revision surgery.
Negative Urgency Is Correlated With the Use of Reflexive and Disengagement Emotion Regulation Strategies
Authors: King Kevin M. , Feil Madison C. , Halvorson Max A.
Published: August 2018

Negative urgency predicts both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Although it is hypothesized that urgency is characterized by reflexive responses to negative emotion that focus on immediate relief from distress, little research has addressed this hypothesis. Using data from four independent samples of adolescents and college students ( n = 1,268), we estimated the association between trait negative urgency and emotion regulation strategies that reflect either reflexive responses or disengagement. We verified these effects in two ecological momentary assessment samples (EMA; n = 198). In retrospective data, negative urgency was correlated with using more disengagement or reflexive emotion regulation strategies relative to engagement strategies, r = .39, .38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.30, 0.49], [0.18, 0.57]. This finding replicated in EMA data, r = .24, 95% CI = [0.11, 0.38]. Emotion regulation may be a key mechanism of the effects of urgency on psychopathology. Interventions targeting emotion regulation among those high on urgency may be warranted.
Hyperflexion and Femoral Interference Screw Insertion in ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Steiner Mark E. , Wing David , Walley Kempland C. , Manoukian Ohan , Perez-Viloria Miguel , Okajima Stephen , Nazarian Ara
Published: August 2018

Background:

In anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions produced with flexible reamers and no knee hyperflexion, it is unknown whether knee hyperflexion is necessary for femoral interference screw insertion.

Purpose:

To compare femoral screw-graft divergence in anatomic ACL reconstructions with endoscopic interference screws placed without knee hyperflexion and with the use of flexible versus rigid screwdrivers.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Ten matched pairs of cadaveric knees had bone-tendon-bone graft ACL reconstructions with anatomic femoral tunnels. The knees were flexed to 90°. Femoral interference screws (7 × 20 mm) were placed in pairs of knees: in 1 knee with a flexible screwdriver and in the opposite knee with a rigid screwdriver. Graft-screw divergence was imaged with computed tomography scans and tested with cyclic and static biomechanical tests.

Results:

The mean screw-graft divergence was 12.07° ± 4.04° with the rigid screwdriver and 10.68° ± 3.23° with the flexible screwdriver ( P = .35). The cyclic tests with screws placed by a rigid screwdriver had a mean increase in displacement of 0.56 ± 0.20 mm. For screws placed with the flexible screwdriver, the mean increase in displacement was 0.58 ± 0.32 mm ( P = .66). Yield load was 393.3 ± 95.1 N for screws placed by a rigid screwdriver and 408.2 ± 119.0 N for screws inserted with the flexible screwdriver ( P = .78). Maximum load was 523.1 ± 88.7 N for screws placed by a rigid screwdriver and 467.1 ± 107.3 N for screws inserted with the flexible screwdriver ( P = .09).

Conclusion:

With either a rigid or a flexible screwdriver, there were no significant effects on screw divergence or fixation strength.

Clinical Relevance:

Knees can be kept at 90° during endoscopic femoral interference screw insertion. The use of a traditional rigid or flexible screwdriver will not affect screw-graft divergence or fixation strength.
Use of Dexmedetomidine in a Parturient With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A Undergoing Adrenalectomy and Thyroidectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Faulkner Amanda L. , Swanson Eric , McLarney Thomas L. , Lee Cortney Y. , Rebel Annette
Published: August 2018

Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2-agonist, frequently used in perioperative medicine as anesthesia adjunct. The medication carries a Food and Drug Administration pregnancy category C designation and is therefore rarely used for parturients undergoing nonobstetric surgery. We are reporting the use of dexmedetomidine in the anesthetic management of a parturient undergoing minimally invasive unilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma during the second trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, because of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A constellation with diagnosis of medullary thyroid cancer, the patient underwent a total thyroidectomy 1 week after the adrenalectomy.
Biochemical and histological evidence of deteriorated bioprosthetic valve leaflets: the accumulation of fibrinogen and plasminogen
Authors: Sakaue Tomohisa , Nakaoka Hirotomo , Shikata Fumiaki , Aono Jun , Kurata Mie , Uetani Teruyoshi , Hamaguchi Mika , Kojima Ai , Uchita Shunji , Yasugi Takumi , Higashi Haruhiko , Suzuki Jun , Ikeda Shuntaro , Higaki Jitsuo , Higashiyama Shigeki , Izutani Hironori
Published: August 2018

Calcification of bioprosthetic valves (BVs) implanted in aortic position can result in gradual deterioration and necessitate aortic valve replacement. The molecular mechanism of calcium deposition on BV leaflets has been investigated, but remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to identify explanted bioprosthetic valve (eBV)-specific proteins using a proteomics approach and to unveil their biochemical and histological involvements in calcium deposition on BV leaflets. Calcification, fibrosis, and glycosylation of the valves were histologically assessed using Von Kossa, Masson's Trichrome and Alcian Blue staining, as well as immunostaining. Protein expression in the explanted biological valves was analysed using proteomics and western blotting. In a histological evaluation, αSMA-positive myofibroblasts were not observed in eBV, whereas severe fibrosis occurred around calcified areas. SDS-PAGE revealed three major bands with considerably increased intensity in BV leaflets that were identified as plasminogen and fibrinogen gamma chain (100 kDa), and fibrinogen beta chain (50 and 37 kDa) by mass analysis. Immunohistochemistry showed that fibrinogen β-chain was distributed throughout the valve tissue. On the contrary, plasminogen was strongly stained in CD68-positive macrophages, as evidenced by immunofluorescence. The results suggest that two important blood coagulation-related proteins, plasminogen and fibrinogen, might affect the progression of BV degeneration.
Impact of different light colors in behavior, welfare parameters and growth performance of Fayoumi broiler chickens strain
Authors: HESHAM M. H. , EL SHEREEN A. H. , ENAS S. N.
Published: August 2018

Light is considered one of the most managerial factors affecting poultry well-being. Therefore, the current study was conducted to investigate the effects of different light colors in behaviour, welfare and growth performance of Fayoumi chickens. A total of 300 one-day old chicks of Fayoumi broiler breed were weighed and randomly divided into 4 environmentally controlled chambers with different artificial light color (yellow, red, green and blue) until the end of the experimental period (12 weeks); each was divided into five replicate brooders (15 birds for each replicate). A scanning technique was used to report the chicken’s behaviors. Moreover, the plumage condition, foot and toe hyperkeratosis, foot and toe lesions (foot pad dermatitis) and growth performance were evaluated. Light colors had significant (P < 0.05) effects of the impose of different light colors in all kinds of behavior of Fayoumi chickens. It was found that eating frequency was the highest in blue light. Preening, dust bathing and drinking frequencies were the highest in green light. Birds reared in red light were more active, as expressed by greater walking, flying, head movement, litter scratching, body shaking, wing flapping, wing/leg stretching, feather pecking and aggression. While, birds in blue light were calmest, evidenced by more intense sleeping, sitting and idling behaviors. In spite of the fact that the light colors had no significant effect on plumage condition, health status of the foot and toe and growth performance, those parameters were better in birds kept in blue light than other light colors. We conclude that the blue light colour may improve the birds’ welfare.
Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Regarding Circadian Rhythm, Age, Sex and Eye Side in Awassi Sheep
Authors: KULUALP K. , KILIҪ S. , ÇAKIR S. , ORHAN C.
Published: August 2018

Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) in domestic animals has become a part of routine eye examination with advent of applanation tonometer. Delayed control of high IOP may lead to permanent blindness due to retinal ganglion cells dysfunction and optic nerve degeneration. This study aimed at evaluating IOP of Awassi sheep with respect to circadian rhythm, age, sex and eye sides and finally to establish a reference (baseline, normal) IOP value for this particular species. A total of 24 healthy sheep with different ages and sexes were used. The animals were divided into 2 equal groups, <1 (6 male, 6 female, n = 12) and ≥1 (6 male, 6 female, n = 12) years old. IOP measurements were performed twice, in the morning (6:00 a.m.) and in the evening (8:00 p.m.) with Tono-pen Vet® applanation tonometer. Mean IOP in the animals decreased from 16.21 mmHg in the morning to 12.65 mmHg in the evening with an approximately rate of 22% (P <0.0001). Comparison of mean IOP values of right eyes (n=12) to the left (n=12), male (n=48) to female (n=48), and ages < 1 (n=48) to ≥ 1 (n=48) showed no difference (P >0.05). The reference IOP for this animal was calculated as 14.43±2.72 mmHg notwithstanding any variable. It was concluded that in this breed IOP values can vary significantly as far as circadian rhythm is concerned and Tono-pen Vet® can be used for sheep IOP measurement as an alternative to other applanation tonometry.
Consumer Protection and Food Safety in Greece: Sanctions imposed by Hellenic Food Authority, in the years 2005-2013
Authors: GRINTZALI G. , PEXARA E. , CARAYANNI V. , BOSKOU G.
Published: August 2018

The enforcement of food safety legislation consists of a number of procedures, that may lead in certaincases in imposing administrative penalties and fines, in an effort to alter the nonconformity status of certain food establishments, according to the predefined legislative standards. The aim of this study is to evaluate data upon nonconformity of food establishments in Greece, in order to define trends and frequencies in the general framework of food safety and consumer protection. Hellenic Food Authority (EFET), the competent authority for food safety in Greece, during the period 2005-2013, imposed fines to food establishments that mount to 17,513,900€ for food safety violations. Most of the fines were imposed at mass catering establishments (21.6%) followed by supermarkets (16.2%), food industry (15.1%) and food manufacture establishments (10.7%). Moreover Attica Prefecture is the region with the highest, in number, imposed fines (32.4%), followed in descending order by the Prefecture of Central Makedonia (31.5%) and of Crete (9.6%). Significant difference, in imposing fines (χ2 test, p≤0.05), was observed between mass catering establishments and violations concerning: i. Good Hygiene Practice (GHP) ii. infrastructure, iii. consumer misleading, iv. sale of unsuitable foods, v. preservation temperatures, vi. lack of food handlers training in food safety, vii. lack of food handlers booklet and viii. traceability systems. Moreover significant differences were observed between the level of the imposed fine and the type of violations (t-test, p≤0.05) concerning: i. only or and GHP, ii. only or and the sale of unsafe foods and iii. only or and issues of consumer misleading. According to Pearson coefficient there is a weak negative although significant (p≤0.001) correlation between years and the level of the imposed fines (r=- 0.079). In addition violations related to HACCP system, that resulted in imposing fines to food establishments by EFET in 2012, corresponded to 31.8% of the total delinquency concerning HACCP system ascertained by the Prefectural Directorates, that are in charge of official control in the field of food hygiene.
ΤΑΥΤΟΠΟΙΗΣΙΣ TΩN ΤΥΠΩΝ Β, C ΚΑΙ D TOY ΓΕΝΟΥΣ WELCHIA ΔIA TOY ΠΡΟΣΔΙΟΡΙΣΜΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΤΙΓΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΣΥΝΘΕΣΕΩΣ ΑΥΤΩΝ
Authors: ΦΡΑΓΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ ΑΔΑΜΑΝΤΙΟΣ Γ.
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
AI ΙΟΝΙΖΟΥΣΑΙ ΑΚΤΙΝΟΒΟΛΙΑI ΚΑΙ Η ΣΠΟΥΔΑΙΟΤΗΣ ΑΥΤΩΝ ΕΝ ΤΗ ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΑ
Authors: ΑΝΔΡΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ A.
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΠΕΡΙΠΤΩΣΙΣ ΣΠΕΙΡΟΚΕΡΚΩΣΕΩΣ ΕΙΣ ΑΛΩΠΕΚΑ (Spirocerca lupi Sanguinolentis)
Authors: ΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ ΕΥΘΥΜΙΟΣ
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΚΤΗΝΙΑΤΡΙΚΗ ΥΓΕΙΟΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΙΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΡΟΣ ΤΥΡΟΠΟΙΗΣΙΝ ΠΡΟΟΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΥ ΓΑΛΑΚΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΕΞ' ΑΥΤΟΥ ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΖΟΜΕΝΟΥ ΤΥΡΟΥ
Authors: ΤΑΡΛΑΤΖΗΣ Κ. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α.
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
ΛΕΥΚΕΡΓΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΟΙΚΙΑΚΩΝ ΖΩΩΝ
Authors: ΚΑΤΣΟΓΡΙΑΔΑΚΗΣ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
back matter
Authors: Εταιρεία Ελληνική Κτηνιατρική
Published: August 2018

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ΜΙΚΡΟΣΚΟΠΙΚΗ, ΜΙΚΡΟΧΗΜΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΜΙΚΡΟΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΙΣ ΙΧΘΥΑΛΕΥΡΩΝ
Authors: ΤΑΡΛΑΤΖΗΣ Κ. , ΚΑΛΑΪΣΑΚΗΣ Π. , ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α.
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Η ΕΝΤΕΡΟΤΟΞΙΝΑΙΜΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΑΙΓΟΠΡΟΒΑΤΩΝ ΕΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΙ
Authors: ΤΑΡΛΑΤΖΗΣ Κ. , ΦΡΑΓΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ Α. , ΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΣ Ε.
Published: August 2018

NO ABSTRACT AVAILABLE
Audit cycle of the provision of compression garments on prescription
Authors: Woods Mary
Published: August 2018

The wearing of compression garments is an essential aspect of the management of lymphoedema. Patients however, do not always receive the requested garment on an NHS prescription from their general practitioner (GP). Through an audit cycle over 3 years, necessary changes in clinical practice were identified and introduced. The aim was to improve the number of patients obtaining the correct garment on an NHS prescription. The audit standard was not met in any of the audits and the conclusion made is that compression garments are difficult to find on NHS electronic prescribing systems leading to a delay in patients receiving their prescription and a risk of error due to the wide range of options available. Further work is necessary to ensure that electronic prescribing systems address the problem of product recognition for compression garments so that the process of obtaining compression garments is smooth, accurate and timely for patients and their GPs.
Alcohol-related harm: developing a drug and alcohol liaison team
Authors: Musgrave Carolyn , Timms Adele , Georgiou George , Glover Simon , Sque Magi , Black Doreen , Perry Ian
Published: August 2018

The City of Wolverhampton has much higher rates of accident and emergency (emergency department) attendance and hospital admission for alcohol-related harm than in neighbouring health authorities and double the national death rate from alcohol-related liver disease. Recovery Near You, the local addiction service, in partnership with The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, initiated a nurse-led drug and alcohol liaison team to address these health issues. This resulted in a tenfold increase in screening and engagement with patients in the acute hospital, the creation of guidelines, protocols and training available for staff in the Trust and an accessible service that has impacted positively on patient experience. This article describes the development of the team, outlining the challenges, successes and outcomes.
Reflections of a student nurse on an Erasmus placement in Germany
Authors: Baker Suzannah
Published: August 2018

Suzannah Baker, Second Year Student Nurse, Northumbria University, Newcastle, describes her experience of being an Erasmus student, undertaking a placement in a German hospital
Understanding Mental Capacity Act 2005, section 49 reports
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: August 2018

In this article Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the purpose of and requirements for section 49 reports under the Mental Capacity Act 2005