bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON TUMORS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM OF RATS INDUCED BY CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS*
Authors: Ito Nobuyuki
Published: December 2008

Tumors in rats were induced in the urinary system of rats with basic lead acetate (BLA), N‐nitrosodimethylamine (DMN), N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN), N‐nitrosodibutylamine (DBN), 3‐methylcholanthrene (3‐MC) and 4‐nitroquinollne 1‐oxide (4NQO). These kidney, ureter and urinary bladder tumors were studied by histopatho‐logy, histochemistry, autoradiography and electron microscopy.

The tumors of the kidney were classified into the following 4 types; renal cell tumors, embryonal cell tumors, transitional cell tumors and hemangioendotheliomas. However, the tumors of all other regions were of one type, transitional cell tumors. Studies by light and electron microscopy and autoradiography and histochemlcal studies on the histogenesis of tumors of the urinary system in rats showed that renal cell tumors may originate from the renal tubular epithelium and from a part of the metanephrogenic tissue, embryonal cell tumors originate from metanephrogenic tissue and hemangioendotheliomas may originate from blood capillaries. Transitional cell tumors of the kidney, renal pelvis, ureter and bladder originate from transitional epithelium.
SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN NORMAL AND TRANSPLANTABLE OSTEOSARCOMA‐BEARING MICE
Authors: Shimokawa Kuniyasu
Published: December 2008

Age variation of mouse serum alkaline phosphatase activity was ascertained with 263 CBAxC57BL/6 F1, hybrid mice 29 to 366 days old, by the Kind and King method. The values were 10.0 to 22.0, 5.2 to 7.9 and 4.0 to 5.1 K.A. units at 30, 80 to 200 and over 200 days of age, respectively. The mean values and their variation ranges gradually declined with age. The activity in females was constantly higher than in males.

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity of 107 Gardner's osteosarcoma‐bearing mice was determined. At 10 to 15 days after transplantation when the grafted tumors were smaller than 3times3 mm, the values were all less than 10.0 K.A. units of those of normal mice. After the tumors had grown to over 3times3 mm in size, the values rose to the extent of 500.0 K.A. units with the increase of tumor size. The increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity was regarded as a marker of tumor growth.
MALIGNANT BRENNER TUMOR ‐A CASE REPORT
Authors: Toriumi Jun , Ijima Yasuhiko
Published: December 2008

A 55‐year‐old female had a partly cystic, partially solid tumor of the left ovary. Histologically, the tumor revealed typical benign features of Brenner tumor mixed with malignant areas showing large epithelial nests composed of marked pleomorphic cells. Only 4 cases of malignant Brenner tumor have been reported including ours to our knowledge in Japan.
GRANULOMATOUS AORTITIS ASSOCIATED WITH NECROTIZING ANGIITIS AND GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Hosoda Yasuhiro , Iri Hisami , Hata Jun‐ichi , Wakasugi Akira
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of granulomatous aortitis associated with necrotizing angiitis and glomerulonephritis were reported. Case 1 was a 31 year‐old female and a diagnosis of typical Takayasu's arteritis was made. Case 2 was a 64‐year‐old female. In the central portion of the aotlc media, granulomatous inflammation surrounding coagulation necrosis was observed. This aortitis is different from classical Takayasu's arteritis and is diagnosed as “unclassified” aortitis.

The significance and inter‐relationship of these lesions were discussed. Clinical and anatomical features of these two cases suggest some common background of Immune abnormalities.
BONE FORMATION AND CALCIFICATION IN GASTRIC CANCER ‐CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Yasuma Tsuguo , Hashimoto Keisuke , Miyazawa Ryuichi , Hiyama Yoshiya
Published: December 2008

A case of ossification in papillotubular adenocarcinoma of the stomach and a case of calcification in mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach have been presented.

The number of cases of ossification and/or calcification in gastric cancer was only 39 cases including our cases in the world literature, in which only three cases of ossification were included. Our first case with ossification is the first one in the Japanese literature. Theories on the pathogenesis of ossification and calcification in carcinomatous foci are discussed.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A TRANSPLANTABLE, MAMMOSOMATO‐TROPIC PITUITARY TUMOR (MtT‐W10)1
Authors: Nakayama Iwao , Nickerson Peter A.
Published: December 2008

The infrastructure of a transplantable, pituitary tumor secreting growth hormone and prolactin has been studied from 1 to 5 weeks of growth. The tumor is a chromophobic cell carcinoma with multiple necrotic areas and numerous atypical mitoses. Invasion into surrounding muscle and skin is seen. Only one type of parenchymal cell could be identified in the tumor despite the production of two different hormones. The cell appeared metabolically active having a well‐developed Golgl apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous polyribosomes. Very few granules were occasionally present in the cytoplasm. Numerous atypical mitoses along with a slight polymorphism of nucleus were observable. Early degenerative changes appeared in the nucleus or cytoplasm of some cells near the periphery of some necrotic areas of tumor. With the nucleus, heterochromatln exhibited periodic margination, enchromat‐in occupying the center of the nucleus. In the cytoplasm of other cells, a sparslty of cytoplasmic organelles was observed.
STUDIES ON TISSUE‐SPECIFIC ANTIGENS AND CELLULAR MEMBRANES
Authors: Okada Shuji
Published: December 2008

The formation of organ‐specific serum antibodies can be induced by the immunization of animals with Insoluble lipoproteins of various tissues. The present study was carried out with an aim in purifying and analyzing the active component of insoluble lipoprotein preparation. Among various organs, the thyroid gland was found to be the most appropriate material. Lipoprotein particle obtained from either human or bovine thyroid gland contained about 3% lipid and its protein component has a precipitating antigenic activity. The presence of the particle in cellular membranes can be demonstrated by the peroxidase‐antibody technique.
A STUDY ON THE INVASIVE GROWTH OF MALIGNANT TUMORS II. ULTRASTRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE METASTATIC GROWTH OF YOSHIDA ASCITES HEPATOMA 7974 IN THE RAT BRAIN
Authors: Machinami Rikuo
Published: December 2008

Donryu rats were injected into the right common carotid artery with Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 7974 cells and two hundred serial ultra‐thin sections of six small perivascular metastatic nodules of the cerebral cortex were examined under the electron microscope. The nodules were 30 to 68 μ in diameter and consisted of 6 to 12 tumor cells. The capillaries in these metastases were closely surrounded by the tumor cells and perivascular astrocytes were lost. Most of the tumor cells were light and swollen, with only a few dark tumor cells. Pinocytic vesicles were prominent in the tumor cell cytoplasmic projections which were in direct contact with capillary basement membranes and macrophages. Lysosomes could hardly be seen in the tumor cells. At the periphery of the metastatic nodules, several macrophages with prominent phago‐lysosomes were identified. Endothelial mitosis was found in only a larger metastasis.

The findings indicate that most hepatoma cells in the early perivascular metastatic nodules are degenerative, and that the lysosomal enzymes and phagocytosis of tumor cells play only a small role in the destruction of the host tissues. The main response of the host in early metastasis is the appearance of macrophages at the periphery. Endothelial mitosis does not occur until metastases grow to a certain size.
CELL RECOGNITION AND PHAGOCYTOSIS OF SV40 TRANSFORMED CELL
Authors: Kimoto Tetsuo
Published: December 2008

In the course of cell transformation by SV40 the cell membrane undergoes changes, which in turn cause its surface negatively charged, and decrease markedly the phagocytosis of negatively charged substances. The study of the relationship between such transformed cells and allo‐genous hamster red cells as well as lymphocytes has revealed that the rates of adhesion to and ingestion of native cells by the transformed cell, which recognizes the former as self, are low. However, when such native cells are previously treated with half saturated ammonium sulfate and 2.5% glutaraldehyde there occurs a change in the charge of cell membrane and a marked phagocytosis is triggered. In such an instance, when L cells are coated with non‐immune albumin or immune sera (anti‐RBC‐rabbit sera) the phagocytosis is inhibited, but the phagocytosis of transformed cell remains unchanged. The phagocytosis of transformed cells can be inhibited by Concanavalin A treatment of transformed cells and fixed RBC, while be blocking the surface antigen the phagocytosis is enhanced. Therefore, it can be said that the cell recognition of self or non‐self by cancer cell depends upon changes in the cell surface of both cell groups, in other words, upon the changes in cell surface charge due to molecular architecture.
A CLINICO‐PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SPONTANEOUS INTERNAL BILIARY FISTULA
Authors: Shah Modaser , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

Six autopsy cases of cholecysto‐intestinal fistula are reported. Although the hitherto literature states cholelithiasis to be the most frequent cause of this condition, only one out of the six was attributed to cholecystitis with gall stones. The causes of the remaining five cases were carcinoma of gall bladder in two cases, carcinoma of colon in one case, and duodenal ulcer in two cases, respectively. The importance of malignancy as a common factor in the etiology of cholecysto‐Intestinal fistula is stressed.
PINEAL CHANGE IN REESE'S SYNDROME
Authors: Mori Wataru , Okeda Riki
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of Reese's syndrome showing conspicuous retinal dysplasia are reported. Stress Is laid on pineal changes seen in both, one of which was severe devastation assumed to be hypoplasia and the other was inability of its identification at autopsy being explained as aplasia or severe hypoplasia of this particular organ.

Anomalous changes of various degrees have been reported to exist not rarely in various organs including the central nervous system in this syndrome, but the most constant and important one is believed to be retinal dysplasia frequently associated with microphthalmia. On the other hand, the pineal gland is said to be closely related to the eye, which fact seems to have been already accepted with lower animals but only postulated, although with considerable reasonability, in higher animals. Our hypothesis is that the pineal hypoplasia of our cases may not have occurred simultaneously by chance, but, may have resulted from close relation to their ocular hypoplasia.

The moot phenomenon, pineal change in Reese's syndrome, should be confirmed in other cases before being established, and should this be accepted, it would be adequate to add pineal hypoplasia as another Important finding of Reese's syndrome.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MEGAKARYOCYTIC MYELOSIS
Authors: Iizumi Toshio , Ohnishi Yoshihisa , Higuchi Masami
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 55‐year‐old male with so‐called megakaryocyte myelosis and granulocytic proliferation was reported.

This case is different from ordinary leukemia because of massive presence of megakaryocyte and granulocytic proliferations in the bone marrow. The proliferating cells in other organs were different from leukemic infiltrations in nature.

The criteria of neoplastic or neoplasm‐like proliferations of megakaryocytes have not yet been settled. The classification of megaka‐ryocytic myelosis was attempted based on histological findings of the bone marrow in comparison with reported cases in literatures.
ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE HEART – REPORT OF A CASE AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Ohtsuki Yuji , Kobayashi Shoji , Hayashi Takehiko , Ohmori Masaki
Published: December 2008

A 69 years old female had bean clinically CDnsldered as cardiac insufficiency, but autopsy findings revealed angiosarcoma of the heart situated in the right atrial wall. Light and electron microscopic findings of this case were reported, and histopathological and statistical studies were made on 46 cases of angiosarcoma of the heart.

This reported case is the 5th in Japan and the eldest up to date.
TWO AUTOPSY CASES OF “PULSELESS DISEASE”
Authors: Yamashita Kanehiko
Published: December 2008

Two cases of “Pulseless Disease” are reported. The main lesions In this condition are localized to the arteries of elastic type including pulmonary artery. The chief changes in the initial stage are limited to the adventitia and outer portion of media, based on an inflammatory reaction, which in turn brings about several following changes in arterial wall; marked fibrous thickening of adventitia, destruction of media and intimal thickening. In “Pulseless Disease,” the lumen of the affected artery tends to become stenosed or obstructed, but can also be dilated and partially aneurysm‐like. The stenosis of the lumen is chiefly caused by the contraction of the adventitial fibrosis overcoming the pressure on the arterial wall, promoted with the intimal thickening. Dilatation of that may be caused by increased arterial pressure, which exceedes the contracting effect of the wall, and is also influenced by the duration of the disease.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF ALEUKEMIC MEGAKARYOCYTOSIS*
Authors: Kajita Akira , Hirokawa Katsuiku
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of aleukemic megakaryocytosis developing in a 60‐year‐old farmer Is reported. This case was clinically suspected of aplastic anemia and took a rapid fatal course of approximately 3 months. Autopsy revealed a special type of myeloproliferative disorder characterized by diffuse proliferation of unclassified mononuclear blast cells and their selective differentiation toward megakaryocytes, although they were mostly atypical in their appearance and immature in their productive potency of platelets. Difference from myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia was also discussed.
TUMORIGENESIS OF ADENOVIRUS‐SV 40 HYBRIDS IN HAMSTERS
Authors: Chino Fumitoshi
Published: December 2008

Subcutaneous tumors were induced by inoculating adenovirus (Adeno) 7‐SV 40 hybrid or Adeno 12‐SV 40 hybrid into newborn hamsters. The tumors showed two distinct morphological characteristics; one resembled the tumor induced by Adeno 12 and the other that by SV 40. Regardless of such tumor types, the tumor cells contained T antigens derived from both Adeno and SV 40 genomes, as revealed by the fluorescent antibody technique. A portion of Adeno type tumor cells did not show fluorescent T antigen specific for SV 40 genome. These tumors may be originated from the cells infected with complete adenovirus which was included in the hybrid virus population. From the sequential observations of tumor development, it was found that the two tumor types were distinguishable at a stage as early as the onset of tumor formation, and that the tumor cell foci of the two types developed simultaneously in separate places and then grew to contact with each other. The tumor foci of each type induced by either hybrid virus appeared earlier than those induced by parent viruses. It was also observed that a primary site of the tumors induced by Adeno 12 was in the muscle tissue but that of Adeno type tumors induced by the hybrid viruses shifted to the subcutaneous connective or adipose tissue. On the other hand, primary site of SV 40 type tumors induced by the hybrid viruses was in the subcutaneous connective or adipose tissue as well as that of SV 40‐induced tumors. Based on these observations, a possible role of the target cells for the Adeno‐SV 40 hybrid in determining tumor morphology was discussed.
A LIPID METABOLIC DISEASE —“MEMBRANOUS LIPODYSTROPHY”— AN AUTOPSY CASE DEMONSTRATING NUMEROUS PECULIAR MEMBRANE‐STRUCTURES COMPOSED OF COMPOUND LIPID IN BONE AND BONE MARROW AND VARIOUS ADIPOSE TISSUES
Authors: Nasu Tsuyosi , Tsukahara Yoshiharu , Terayama Kazuo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 38‐year‐old man demonstrating numerous peculiar membrane‐structures composed of compound lipid in the meta‐physis and marrow of long bones and various organs, where physiological hyperplasia ex vacuo of adipose tissue has occurred remarkably, is reported. The membranous structure was not observed in the brain while sudanophilic leucodystrophy was prominent.

The cause of this case is assumed to be an abnormality in the process of differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal cell to fat cell in adult age, in which the lipid is combined with mucopolysaccharide in the ground substance of connective tissue, resulting in formation of peculiar membranous structure. ACTA PATH. JAP. 23: 539–558, 1973.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MALIGNANT HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA OF THE BREAST WITH NUMEROUS VISCERAL FOCI
Authors: Watanabe Hisaya , Nakano Satoshi
Published: December 2008

This Is a report of a malignant hemangioendothelioma of the breast with numerous visceral foci which developed mainly near the serosal surface and mucous membrane. The distribution of these lesions was very unique and will give another question to the controversy on the metastasis of vascular tumors.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR OF THE ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
Authors: Kajita Akira , Hirokawa Katsuiku
Published: December 2008

The authors experienced an autopsy case of mediastinal tumor in a 32‐year‐old male. Patho‐hlstological examination of the tumor revealed a peculiar feature of communicating cavities with papillary processes and perivascular arrangement of cylindric epithelium. It could be regarded as Teilum's endodermal sinus tumor and its proper identification from other embryonic tumors was reconfirmed as compared with endodermal sinus structure observed In placentae of rodents. The present case revealed an uncomplicated malignant growth of extra‐embryonic endo‐meso‐dermal elements.
INDUCTION OF A DISEASE RESEMBLING SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN C57BL/6J MICE BY PROLONGED IMMUNIZATION WITH EGG ALBUMIN*
Authors: Okumura Ko
Published: December 2008

G57BL/6J mice were given weekly injections of egg albumin (EA) for up to 27 weeks. Frequent occurrence of degenerative glomerulonephritis was noted in the later stage of the experiment. It appears that the glomerular involvement was mostly due to glomerular deposition of EA and anti‐EA complexes.

However, three mice, in which anti‐nuclear antibody was detected, showed no definite localization of EA in the glomerulus, despite remarkable granular or lumpy deposition of mouse IgG. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of peculiarly organized structures in the deposits in the mesangium, which resemble those found in human lupus nephritis.

It is thus assumed that, in the later state of prolonged antigenic stimulation, two different types of glomerulonephritis could be induced in animals, i.e., chronic serum sickness nephritis and lupus‐like nephritis.
ROLE OF GERMINAL CENTER IN IMMUNE RESPONSE ENZYME IMMUNO‐HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY USING HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE
Authors: Hirokawa Katsuiku , Esaki Yukiyoshi , Nariuchi Hideo
Published: December 2008

Using enzyme Immuno‐hlstochemlcal method with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a study on the relation between localization of antigen and antibody, and development of germinal center in lymph node after primary and secondary stimulation was made.

Blastic antibody forming cells and intercellular localization of the antibody were noticed in newly formed germinal centers of draining lymph nodes within 7 days after primary antigenic stimulation. With increase of circulating antibodies produced by the draining lymph nodes, it accumulated in ready made germinal centers of generalized non‐draining lymph nodes. At the time of primary stimulation, the HRP antigen was never observed in solid follicles or newly formed germinal centers, and even in ready made germinal centers it became localized only transiently and was never retained. After secondary stimulation, the antigen accumulated quickly in the light zone of germinal centers, being trapped by the previously present antibody. Three days later, antibody forming cells began to be noticed in germinal centers as well as in medullae of non‐draining lymph nodes where no antibody forming cells had been so far observed, and in medullae of draining lymph nodes they increased markedly. Passively injected anti‐HRP antibody accumulated also in germinal centers of non‐primed mice and successively injected antigen was easily trapped in these germinal centers. Passively injected soluble antigen‐antibody‐complexes were localized in germinal centers of non‐primed mice. In both these cases, antibody forming cells appeared only in germinal centers and none in medullae. Blastic cells, proliferating in germinal center and producing 2‐ME sensitive antibody were not considered to be directly related with antibody forming cells in the medulla of lymph node.
PLASMA FREE FATTY ACID and ACUTE VASCULAR INJURY
Authors: Numano Fujio , Kobayashi Masahiko , Moriya Kinya , Numano Fujie , Shimamoto Takio
Published: December 2008

One‐shot treatment of atherogenic substances, such as cholesterol, animal fat, adrenalin or cigarette smoking to animals induces “acute vascular injury” characterized histologically by swollen endothelial cells and edematous changes in subendothelial layer and upper part of media of aorta (Shimamoto et al., 1960), the cause of which is still unknown.

Most of these atherogenic substances or procedures are known to increase the level of free fatty acid (FFA) in serum and the possibility of FFA as a direct attacker to induce this edematous change in arterial wall was studied. Oral administration of oleic acid (2 g/kg), intravenous injection of angiotensin II (10 γ/kg or 1 γ/kg) or heparin (200 unit/kg), intramuscular injection of AGTH (10 unit) or concomitant administration of cholesterol (2 g/kg) and epinephrine (1 γ/kg) or oleic acid (2 g/kg) and epinephrine (1 γ/kg) were performed in 21 rabbits and histological features of aortic wall of each treated rabbit were compared with those of 6 placebo control rabbits, all of which were sacrificed 2 hours after treatment.

All treated rabbits exhibited a statistically significant increase of serum free fatty acid, compared with that before treatment. Serum cholesterol level did not change after these treatments. Histological examination, however, revealed a typical edematous change in aortic wall of rabbits treated with angiotensin II or cholesterol and epinephrine. Those treated with ACTH, heparin or oleic acid, did not exhibit such pathological changes in their aortic wall. These different histological findings suggest that the elevation of plasma FFA was not a direct offender to acute vascular injury in aortic wall.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN WOLMAN'S DISEASE – REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE ACCOMPANIED WITH A LARGE AMOUNT OF MILKY ASCITES –
Authors: Uno Yutaka , Taniguchi Aki , Tanaka Eiichi
Published: December 2008

This is a case of a male infant who suffered from “Primary familial xanthomatosis with involvement and calcification of adrenals” (Wolman's disease). The clinical symptoms were characteristic hepatosplenomega‐ly, abdominal distention and a large amount of milky ascites. The patient died at the age of 2 1/2 months.

X‐ray revealed enlarged, well‐shaped, calcified adrenal glands. Foamy cells in different organs which were observed at autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. On histochemical examination, deposition of a triglyceride‐cholesterol mixture was found in mesenchymal and epithelial cells of the liver, adrenals, spleen, lymph nodes and mucosa of the small intestine.
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA WITH HYPERCALCEMIA – A CASE REPORT STUDIED BY ELECTRON‐MICROSCOPE and RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: Kihaea Itaru , Suzuki Toshimitsu , Takamiya Haruo , Hirono Shigeru
Published: December 2008

A case of histologically and immunochemically proven cholangiocar‐cinoma is presented. The patient had elevated serum calcium levels and was found to have increased parathyroid hormone activities in the blood and the extract of the tumor. The tumor of the liver was a type of cholan‐giocarcinoma and electron‐microscopically contained membrane‐limited granules, which were compatible to those of the secretory granules in some endocrine cells of the alimentary tract.
CEREBRAL FORM OF VON WINIWARTER‐BUERGER'S DISEASE – REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE –
Authors: Satodate Kyoichi , Sasou Shunichi , Takahashi Eiji
Published: December 2008

A 35‐year‐old housewife suffered from disorders of the central nervous system since 23 years of age. Autopsy revealed multifocal infarcts distributed widely in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The small pial arteries related to infarctions showed proliferation of loose connective tissue in the intlma and of elastic fibers, and hyperplasia of endothelia, by which the arteries were occasionally occluded. It has been difficult to differentiate this condition from arteriosclerosis or other vascular diseases, but the pathological and clinical features have been found to be a little different in some points.
RADIATION ENCEPHALOPATHY:—AN AUTOPSY CASE and SOME COMMENTS ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF DELAYED RADIONECROSIS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Okeda Riki , Shibata Toshikatsu
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of radiation encephalopathy is reported. This case was bilaterally irradiated for epipharyngeal carcinoma with ,60Go (Total dosis of each side: 6020 r/20 fractions /23 days) and taken ill with the latent period of 2 years after the termination of the irradiation and had a clinical course of 3 years.

The clinical symptoms and pathological findings including the distribution of vascular and parenchymal lesions were similar to other cases of radiation encephalopathy following irradiation to the hypophysis.

From the findings of reconstruction of serial sections, the distribution of the lesions and the comparative study with the findings of reconstruction of serial sections of two autopsy cases of radiation myelopathy, it is considered that the pathogenesis of radiation encephalopathy and myelopathy is identical. Not only endothelial damage, but also circulatory disturbance of the venous system of definite areas, plays an important role for the determination of localisation and character of vascular and parenchymal changes.
STUDIES ON ANIMAL COLLAGENASE
Authors: Usuku Gentaro , Honya Masura , Oyamada Ikuko , Ogata Tomoyuki
Published: December 2008

During metamorphosis, the collagen layer (basement lamella) of the resorbing tail fin of bullfrog tadpole was markedly disintegrated, and was invaded by mesenchymal cells from below, which contained cytoplasmic vacuoles enclosing collagen fibrils. Participation of the locally produced collagenase in the process was discussed.

By use of the tissue incubation method, collagenolytlc activity was found In the wound tissues of the rabbit dorsal skin, and its significance In the wound healing process was discussed. Some of the repairing tissues after incubation were histologically examined.

In the human stomach, high degree of collagenolytlc activity was observed in the mucosa affected by gastritis after Incubation, and there were several evidences that some kinds of cancerous tissues possessed a certain degree of the activity. The collagenolytlc enzyme from the mucosa of gastritis was proved to have the characteristics of animal collagenase, previously obtained from tadpoles or other mammalian tissues.
ELASTOGENESIS IN THE LIVER
Authors: Shikata Toshio , Sakai Takahiro
Published: December 2008

It has been well established that Increase of elastic fibers Is a prominent feature In chronic liver diseases, especially in liver cirrhosis. Little is known, however, about the mechanism of the elastogenesis in liver tissue. As a result of histological examination of the pattern of elastic fiber formation in various kinds of liver diseases, it was concluded that elastogenesis in the liver tissue can be divided into two stages: first stage is proliferation of thin elastic fibers and second step Is remodeling of newly formed and preexistent elastic fibers. It seemed reasonable to conclude that the formation of thin elastic fibers was mainly related to proliferation of arteries and arterioles, from the observation of specimens, which were injected dye from the A. hepatlca. On the other hand, thick elastic fibers found in advanced liver cirrhosis, were supposed as the result of fusion and deformation of preexistent or newly formed thin elastic fibers. Chemical analysis of collagen and elastin of the liver tissues of various conditions showed that the ratio of elastin to collagen increased with the progress of liver fibrosis. These results suggested that elastic fibers in chronic liver diseases were not teleologlcally formed to some pathological condition, but were formed and accumulated as the result of some process.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF EPITHELIOID CELLS INDUCED BY FRACTIONATED SUBSTANCES OF TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: Itoh Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the mechanism of the formation of epithelioid cells (“EG”) some morphological experiments have been done using the rabbits inoculated with several fractions of tubercle bacilli. By fractionation and purification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV, phosphatide, wax‐A, wax‐B, wax‐C, wax‐D and residual component were obtained. Albino rabbits were inoculated with these tubercle bacillary constituents into the lymph nodes and light and electron microscopic observations of popliteal lymph nodes have been made. EC could be classified into three groups and their subgroups in accordance with the ultrastructural features of the phagocytes and of digestion bodies contained in them. Thus “the pre‐ or non‐typical EG” seemed to be derived chiefly from the preexisting mature phagocytes and “the digestosome type EC” from immature phagocytes. “The phago‐digestosome type EC” had the intermediate characteristics. Among many mycobacterial fractions only phosphatide and wax‐D had the ability to form EC.

In comparison with the case of non‐ sensitized animals, emergence of EC was generally more prompt and massive in animals which had been slightly or moderately sensitized with any antigen previously.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MALIGNANT HEMANGIOENDOTHELIOMA OF THE LIVER
Authors: Tanimuba Akira , Tanaka Tatsuo , Yamamoto Hideo , Nakashima Teruyuki , Hamada Masayuki , Tsuzi Yoshihiko , Kaku Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Primary malignant hemangioendothelioma of the liver of a 21‐year‐old male, was reported. Microscopically the formation of vascular lumen was indistinct.

From the findings of silver impregnation stain which showed delicate reticulum fibers intimately encircling the tumor cells, it was suggested that the tumor cells had the nature of the endothelium.

A review of the literatures was made on intraabdominal malignant hemangioendotheliomas from 1960 to 1971 in Japan which showed the liver to be the most frequently involved.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL THROMBOSIS IN PULMONARY MUSCULAR ARTERIES OF RABBITS
Authors: Horie Akio , Kurozumi Takeshi , Morimatsu Minora , Tanaka Kenzo
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the ultrastructural change of initial phase of thrombosis, an autologous clot Injection or one shot of thrombin was performed via an auricular vein of each rabbit.

In the groups of clot injection, platelets located between an inserted thrombus and endothelial cells show viscous metamorphosis. Degeneration and disappearance of the endothelial cells are followed by invasion of platelets and dense liquid materials into the subendothelial space and the media of the muscular arteries in both experimental groups. There is no detectable morphological difference between thrombosis in rivo induced by an injection of thrombin and thromboembolism induced by an injection of autologous whole blood clots coagulated in vitro.

Phagocytosis in the course of thrombosis is mainly derived from the activity of subendothelial cells and partly from that of endothelial cells. Ultrastructural features of the subendothelial edema are based on the detachment of endothelial cells from the elastic lamina or on the edematous swelling of subendothelial cell cytoplasm. The initial stage of the organization of thrombus, showing smooth muscle cells arranged in the vertical position towards the thrombus, is noted three days after a clot or thrombin administration. Myofilamentous structures with dotted density are detected in the endothelial cells of muscular artery, not only of experimental groups but also of control ones.
HISTOLOGY AND HISTOGENESIS OF EARLY GASTRIC CARCINOMAS WITH FLAT MUCOSAL ELEVATIONS
Authors: Nagayo Takeo
Published: December 2008

Circumscribed, sessile and flatly elevated early carcinomas were found in 5.5% out of 648 cases of early gastric carcinoma and their histological features were described. Most of the lesions showed highly differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas composed of columnar epithelia and were accompanied by severe intestinal metaplasia in the cancer‐bearing pyloric mucosae.

From analysis of the histological structures of the elevated lesions, it was concluded that elevations of the affected mucosae were, regardless of their sizes and shapes, not due to primary growth of the carcinomas but due to reactive growth of the non‐neoplastic gastric mucosae in response to the carcinomas developing In the mucosae between “area gastricae”.

Based upon these findings, differences of histological features of the carcinomas from atypical border‐line lesions, which had similar macro‐and microscopical appearances, were also described.
EXPERIMENTAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE ADOPTIVE TRANSFER OF PERITONEAL EXUDATE CELLS IN YOSHIDA SARCOMA RATS
Authors: Kato Jutaro , Terui Yoshihiko , Katsura Sukemoto
Published: December 2008

Peritoneal exudate cells of rats with experimentally acquired antl Yoshlda sarcoma were intravenously transferred Into Yoshida sarcoma bearing rats. The mode of growth of subcutaneous nodules in the back of these recipient rats as well as the histological picture were studied.

Transfer of 5 × 106 peritoneal exudate cells of rats with anti‐Yoshida sarcoma resulted in temporary growth inhibition of tumor nodules in 50% of the rats. Transfer of 8 × 106 cells resulted in the disappearance of tumor nodules in 60× of the rats. Histological picture obtained daily revealed marked inntration of large mononuclear cells and lymphocytes in tumor nodules especially in the peripheral portion. In the sections stained with silver impregnation, amoeboid and branching metallophillc cells were abundantly found in the peripheral portion of the subcutaneous nodule. Round and amoeboid metallophillc cells corresponded to large mononuclear cells. In the rats in which the tumor disappeared, scarring was noted. Follow‐up studies of the peritoneal exudate cells labeled with 3H‐thymidine of rats with anti‐Yoshida sarcoma revealed that very little remained of the portion in the interstitium tissue around the tumor on the second day and none at all in the tumor on the 5th day.
CHORDOMA – REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE WITH FIBROSARCOMA
Authors: Kishikawa Hideki , Tanaka Kenzö
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of sacrococcygeal chordoma associated with metastasizing fibrosarcoma developing adjacent to a recurrent chordoma was described.

The fibrosarcoma developed within one year after radiotherapy with 5,400 rads for the chordoma, but this is too short of a period for development of fibrosarcoma as a result of the irradiation.

In several literatures chordomas accompanying sarcoma or sarcomatous growth as malignant change have been reported. In this case both tumors were separated distinctly from each other by a connective tissue. Since no findings suggesting that chordoma had developed into fibrosarcoma could be obtained, we considered these as primary unrelated neoplasms.
LEPRECHAUNISM (DONOHUE'S SYNDROME) – TWO AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Uematsu Kunio , Morimura Yoshiyuki , Matsumoto Keishi , Koto Kiyoshi , Tsujino Giichi , Minagawa Junnosuke , Miyaji Toru
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of female newborns with numerous morphologic and metabolic abnormalities were reported. These were considered Identical with a disorder which has been called leprechaunism or Donohue's syndrome, and were believed to be the first and second autopsy cases reported in this country. Although it has been presumed that these might be abnormalities of endocrine system or of metabolism, the authors could not find any factors which caused the disorder in spite of minute analysis of steroid hormones In urine, investigation of laboratory data as well as autopsy findings.
CEROID‐LIKE PIGMENT IN AGE CHANGES OF HUMAN CARTILAGE
Authors: Tsukahara Yoshiharu , Nasu Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2008

Cartilage cells of human trachea contain a large quantity of fat droplets, which become smaller and less regular with ageing. Yellowishbrown pigmentation develops with ageing, especially to a marked extent after the age of 50. Histochemically, this pigmentation is compatible to a ceroid‐like substance, which electron microscopically consists of alternate lamellar arrangement of layers with high and low electron density, altogether forming a fingerprint‐like or lattice‐like pattern. This substance is present surrounding fragmented, tiny fat granules. The ultramicroscopic crystalloid structure of the substance may be of great significance in pigmentation of cartilage. Although the ceroid‐like substance detected in this study may be classified histochemically into the category of ceroid, it is reasonable to designate it as “paraceroid”, since it is unstable in structure.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF CONGENITAL HEPATIC CELL TUMOR
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Mori Wataru , Hatanaka Mitsugu
Published: December 2008

A case of congenital hepatic cell tumor found In a female newborn autopsled 4 hours after birth is presented. The tumor was small hen‐egg sized, whitish grey in color, rather soft in consistency, and located at the middle part of the right lobe of the liver. The tumor cells had morphological resemblance to the fetal hepatic cells from both view points of individual cell character and their cord‐like arrangement. Moreover, extramedullary hematopoiesis in the tumor tissue was quite remarkable, and was even higher than in the adjacent normal liver tissue. The most conventional diagnosis for this tumor must be hepatoblastoma. However, the above described findings of this tumor urge us to reconsider the nature and classification of the congenital hepatic cell tumor of this kind.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF TAY‐SACHS' DISEASE
Authors: Yutani Chikao , Miyaji Torn
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 2‐year‐old male Infant with Tay‐Sachs' disease (TSD) was reported. Histological examination under the light and electron microscopes as well as histochemical and biochemical analysis were carried out. Histologically there was a marked and ubiquitous distortion of the cytoarchitecture, so‐called “ballooned neurons” in the cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord and autonomic nervous system. Electron microscopically these intracellular deposits contained membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MGB). Accumulation of ganglioside GM2, because of deficiency of hexosaminidase A, was proved by thin layer chromatography of the autopsy material.
MEDIASTINAL TUMOR OF THYMIC ORIGIN AND RELATED TO CARCINOID TUMOR
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Tanaka Satoshi , Kimuea Hozumi , Ito Jishu
Published: December 2008

A 32‐year‐old male was found, by a routine x‐ray examination, to have a mediastinal tumor protruding Into the thoracic cavity from the right hilus. The presence of a rosette formation and argyrophil and neurosecretory granules Indicated a carcinoid. The thymic residues adhering to the tumor suggested that this tumor originated from the thymus. Based on the literatures previously published, this case will be the third case reported in this country; importance of the entity of such a tumor was emphasized.
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIPORTAL BILE DUCTS OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO
Authors: Enzan Hideaki , Ohkita Takeshi , Fujita Hisao , Iijima Soichi
Published: December 2008

In order to clarify the development of periportal bile duct in the human embryo, the liver tissue of a 13 week‐old human embryo was studied using the electron as well as light microscope.

The findings observed in this study lead to the following conclusions: The biliary epithelial cell originates from the periportal hepatoblast under certain influences of the connective tissue. The periportal bile duct is formed by the proliferation of the biliary epithelial cells surrounding the biliary space. The so‐called intermediate cell between the biliary epithelial cell and the hepatoblast is not recognized in the human fetal liver of 13 weeks gestation.
A CASE OF ALPORT'S SYNDROME
Authors: Nishimori Issei , Moriyama Nobuo , Tsuda Nobuo , Shimomura Akira
Published: December 2008

A 19‐year‐old female belonging to a family of Alport's syndrome was autopsied and her kidneys were examined in detail light and electron microscopically. The basement membrane was examined chiefly and the laminated thickening and/or splitting, looseness, irregularity and rail‐like appearance of lamina densa were found in the glomerular, Bowman's capsular, tubular and interstitial capillary basement membranes. These findings were strongly suggestive of Alport's syndrome, whether or not the particles are seen in the basement membrane. In addition, Japanese reports on Alport's syndrome (total 48 families) were summarized and renal lesions were examined in comparison. It has been said that the prognosis is worse in the male than in the female, but according to our Investigation on case reports in Japan, the prognosis showed no difference between male and female.
HISTOLOGICAL and HISTOAUTORADIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES ON THE FETAL ADRENAL CORTEX IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Taira Yoshitsugi
Published: December 2008

Cell differentiation in the fetal adrenal cortex of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR, Okamoto and Aoki) and normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto Rats was studied histologically and histoautoradiographically at the 19th, 20th, 21st and 22nd day of gestation. The average body weight of the fetuses of SHR was statistically lower than that of the control fetuses but no significant differences were found in the adrenocortical histology. The labeling index of each fetal cortical zone of SHR on the 20th, 21st and 22nd day of gestation was significantly higher than that of normotensive control rats. Only the adrenals on the 19th day of gestation showed a higher labeling index In the control.

The results of the present investigation suggest the close relationship between active cell proliferation and DNA synthesis of the adrenal cortex and functional stimulation of the anterior pituitary during the late embryonic life in SHR fetuses.
A HISTOCHEMICAL and ELECTRON MICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF SO‐CALLED INTRAVENOUS FAT PIGMENT
Authors: Okayasu Isao , Mori Wataru
Published: December 2008

Eighteen autopsy cases which were intravenously administered with fat emulsion (Intrafat) during their clinical course are presented and analysed. The so‐called intravenous fat pigment was seen in the Kupffer cells of the liver, more or less, in ten cases forming brown granules of considerable variety in size, quantity, and quality. Besides, the same kind of granules were found in the cells of the reticulo‐endothelial system, systematically.

An analytical study comparing their clinical data and microscopic findings was made. Histochemical and electron microscopical characteristics of the pigment were described, and possible mechanism of its deposition was also proposed. A part of the discussion was extended to the early change due to intravenous infusion of the fat.
HISTOMETRICAL and HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE IN NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS – AN AUTOPSY STUDY
Authors: Murakami Toshikazu
Published: December 2008

Systemic hlstometrical and histological examinations of major skeletal muscles were performed by using autopsy cases with simple atrophy, neurogenic muscular atrophy, Duchenne type progressive muscular dystrophy, myositis of myasthenia gravis, and autopsy control cases. In hlstometrical studies, the shortest diameters of muscle fibers were measured and arranged in histograms. Volume ratio of stroma to muscle was measured by point‐counting method.

Histometrical studies revealed the following results: (1) averages of muscle fiber diameters in controls showed the largest value In the muscles of the upper and lower extremities, and the smallest value in the lingual muscle; (2) in simple atrophy, neurogenic muscular atrophy, progressive muscular dystrophy and myositis, a decrease in muscle fiber diameters was more prominent in the muscles of the lower extremities than those of the upper extremities; (3) patterns of histograms of muscle fiber diameters were classified into six types, and in simple atrophy, almost one‐half of muscles examined belonged to type 3 histogram, which had the mode situated at a relatively small diameter and a not so high kurtosls; (4) volume ratios of stroma to muscle Increased most in both muscular dystrophy and long‐standing neurogenic muscular atrophy, moderately in myositis, and mildly in simple atrophy; and (5) hlstometrical changes In myasthenia gravis were minimal.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF GLOMERULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS IN EXPERIMENTAL RENAL AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Kimuba Kakuhei , Kihaba Itaru , Kitamuba Shirou
Published: December 2008

The fine structure of the three types of glomerular cells, especially glomerular epithelial cells was studied In experimental renal amyloidosis induced by both prolonged sensitization of focus antigens and casein.

The presence of cytoplasmic invaginations which contained a bundle of amyloid fibrils in almost parallel array and intracytoplasmlc membrane‐surrounded amyloid fibrils were observed in the glomerular epithelial cells. They are quite comparable to those which were demonstrated in reticuloendothelial cells In other reports. The intracytoplasmlc invaginations opened at the plasma membrane either in the urinary space or in the basement membrane. By processing serial sections on the minimal deposition of amyloid, some of the Intracytoplasmlc membrane‐surrounded amyloid fibrils were found to be connected with parallel arrayed extracellular amyloid fibrils.

Amyloid accumulated usually In large amount In mesangial matrix and along the basement membrane adjacent to the mesangium, but isolated depositions of amyloid, minimal though definite, were sometimes observed in the subepithelial and subendothelial areas, and in the epithelial cells far from the mesangium.
FINE STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF RAT ADENOHYPOPHYSIS —EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH HORMONE AND HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS ON SOMATOTROPHS
Authors: Nakayama Iwao , Nickerson Peter A. , Bernardis Lee L. , Matsuo Takeshi
Published: December 2008

The response of rat pituitary somatotrophs to transplantation of the MtT‐W10 pituitary tumor and prolonged treatment with large doses of purified bovine growth hormone was examined. The effects of hypo‐thalamic lesions on the somatotrophs were also studied.

Involution occurred in somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary of rats bearing a transplantable tumor. The changes in the somatotrophs were observable at 4 weeks and consisted of smaller cells and fewer secretory granules.

Administration of growth hormone produced a triphasic response; (1) increased cross‐sectional area of cell, increased size and number of secretory granule, (2) return of parameters to normal levels, and (3) suppression of somatotrophs by exogenous growth hormone.

Following destruction of ventromedial nucleus (VMN), the number of secretory granules per somatotroph increased. Concomitantly, there was an enlargement of the mean diameter as well as an increase in the mean surface area of the somatotrophs. After destruction of dorsomedid nucleus (DMN), the number of secretory granules decreased rapidly and reached the lowest level. Two days after the operation, the secretory granules re‐accumulated very slowly in the cytoplasm but remained below control level. Accompanying the decreased granule count, the mean diameter of the largest granule was smaller than that of the controls during all experimental periods.