bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of Online Learning Management Models During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Master of Education Administration, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia, Herliadi Muhammad , Suriansyah Ahmad , Sulistiyana Sulistiyana ,   Master of Education Administration, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin 70123, Indonesia
Published: December 2022

This study tried to outline how the online learning management concept was put into practice during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a phenomenological method and is qualitative. Two elementary schools in the Balangan District with a accreditation served as the study's location. The school principals and teachers that were identified through purposive sampling served as key informants. The data collection techniques were done through interviews, observation and documentation. The data validity was carried out by data triangulation by means of technical triangulation and peer briefing triangulation. The data analysis used interactive analysis of the Huberman model which consisted of data collection, data display, data reduction and verification/conclusion. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the online learning management model during the Covid-19 pandemic was carried out through online learning planning including planned aspects, selection of media and applications used, organizing online learning through balanced lesson scheduling and collaboration between teachers and parents of students, implementation of learning including absence methods, procedures for implementing learning, learning methods and learning time allocation, and learning evaluation includes evaluation methods, evaluation time, standard values and corrective actions.
Navigating the Troop during COVID– 19 Pandemic: The Voice of a Nurse Midwife
Authors:   Principal, PSG College of Nursing, Coimbatore, India, A Jayasudha
Published: December 2022

COVID -19 has presented nurses with unprecedented challenges professionally, socially and psychologically. This article gives a brief overview of the experience of a Nurse Midwife during this period. Because of COVID -19 pandemic, health care professionals and health care system worldwide were working under challenging conditions. In fighting COVID – 19 Nurses held a greater responsibility in providing needed specialized patient care, optimizing resource management, providing psychological support, adequate training for nurses and formulating high quality protocols to tackle the crisis situation.
Assessing Malaysia Marine Fisheries Sustainability Under Climate Change Pressure: A Quintuple Helix Approach
Authors: Mohamad Mohd Fikri , Rahmat Siti Rahyla , Mohd Saidatulakmal
Published: December 2022

Marine fisheries are a major industry in Malaysia fisheries sector, which contributes significant growth in the economy and national food security. Unfortunately, this industry is vulnerable to the threats of climate change in relation to the marine environment such as the rising sea level, water acidity, and sea surface temperature. This study aims to assess the impact of climate change on the sustainability of marine fisheries in Malaysia. This study uses Quintuple Helix model approach which is the expansion of the established Triple Helix sustainability model that includes climate change as one of the important indicators. It involves a time-series analysis from 1989 to 2018 using Auto-Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL). A long and short-run impact from rising in temperature and sea level on marine fisheries sustainability will help to impose a better adaptation and mitigation strategy for this industry. Consequently, the sustainability of marine fisheries will secure national economic prosperity and healthy protein supply.
KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU DI SD NITIKAN MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Yusutria  , Abdul Hopid  , Rina Febriana  , Kholifah Nisa Amalia , Santi Mahmuda  , Abid Dzaky Fauzan
Published: December 2022

The principal's leadership is very effective in increasing teachers' work motivation in carrying out their responsibilities and impacting the quality of education. The study aimed to determine the principal's leadership in improving teacher professionalism and the supporting and inhibiting factors at SD Nitikan Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. This research is descriptive qualitative, data collection through interviews with purposive sampling technique, observation, and documentation. Sand sources of data from school principals and teachers amounted to 25 people. The results of the research on the principal's strategy to improve the quality and professionalism of teachers are to motivate, encourage and organize seminars/training related to knowledge and understanding of the development of information technology, reward, and punishment for teachers. In addition, school principals strive to meet content standards, process standards, graduation capacity standards, facilities and infrastructure standards, management standards, funding standards, teacher and staff standards, and teacher education standards and standards. While the supporting factors are providing equal opportunities for teachers to develop their pedagogical and professional capacities by participating in various teaching and training activities, based on knowledge and adapted to needs and budget allocations. The inhibiting factor is the lack of internal motivation due to busy teaching time for priority reasons.
ANALISIS DIAGNOSTIK FENOMENA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Nafilatul Ain  , Anna Fadilatul Mahmudah  , Susanto Alifia Maghfiroh Putri , Imron Fauzi
Published: December 2022

This journal reviews the Diagnostic Analysis of the Phenomenon of Sexual Violence in Schools. This study aims to describe the portrait, analysis, and prevention of sexual violence in schools. Library research or library research is the method used. Using the literature as a kind of data collection, the materials sought are pre-selected and checked. To collect data in this study from journals, books and other sources about sexual violence against minors in schools. The results of this study are portraits, analysis, and prevention of sexual violence against children. Sexual violence in the world of education is currently being hotly discussed, sexual violence that occurs ranging from violence perpetrated by educators against students, violence perpetrated by students against teachers, and violence among peers. The occurrence of sexual violence is caused by two variables which include internal variables and external variables. Internal variables consist of psychological, biological, moral and revenge factors. Then external variables include cultural, economic, and mass media factors. Prevention of sexual violence against children in schools, namely prevention of sexual violence in schools by providing sexual violence psychoeducational outreach programs to teachers, students and parents. What the government must do to handle sexual violence in schools is to establish strict regulations governing violence against children, imposing sanctions.
Promoting Physical Activity for College and University Students with Disabilities
Authors: Moon Dal-Hyun , Kong Erick
Published: December 2022

The benefits of physical activity (PA) participation are well documented, and yet many students with disabilities remain inactive. Approximately 19 % of U.S. undergraduate students have a disability and this is an 8 % increase since a decade ago. As the number of college/university students with disabilities (CUSD) is consistently increasing, it is important to provide equal opportunities for this population to be physically active. While inactivity raises health concerns for all college students, literature reveals that CUSD are less physically active than those without disabilities and/or CUSD may not know much about college PA opportunities on campus. This suggests that there might not be enough college PA programs available for CUSD. The purpose of this paper is to provide the importance of PA programs/courses for CUSD, college/university students without disabilities, and faculty. In addition, we will identify possible challenges to designing and implementing college PA programs for CUSD and strategies to better manage those challenges based on a review of the existing literature.
A Case Study Applying Lag-Sequential Analysis on Manchester City’s End of Offensive Phase During the UEFA Champions League
Authors: Kerr-Cumbo Renzo
Published: December 2022

End of offensive phase with efficacy is the main aim in soccer. Limited research on Guardiola’s Manchester City, catalysed this diachronic, idiographic, and multidimensional case study which applied lag-sequential analysis. All attacking behaviours of City’s matches from the UEFA Champions League 2019-2020 (group stage) were obtained from INSTAT, recorded on SoccerEye and analysed by SDIS-GSEQ and Microsoft Excel. Findings show that City had a 17.07% efficacy in their attacking sequences. Having the ball in the central offensive zone induced wide shots (Fws z=4.14), shots on target (Fst z=2.34) and goals (Fgl z=4.61), and inhibited loss of ball possession by error of the ball carrier / defender’s intervention (Fled z=-7.74). City’s relative numerical inferiority induced loss of ball possession by error of the ball carrier / defender’s intervention (Fled z=2.49) or loss of ball possession by intervention of the opponent’s goalkeeper (Fgk z=2.52), while numerical equality with no pressure induced wide shots (Fws z=3.77) and throwing the ball out of the pitch (Fo z=2.51). The interactions between forward line and opponents’ midline (FM; z=2.66) and midline with midline (MM; z=4.18), induced loss of ball possession by error of the ball carrier / defender’s intervention. Finally, it was evident that City’s goals (Fgl z=4.63) were induced by the ball being played between the offensive line of the attacking team and the empty zone (opponent goalkeeper) of the defending team. Besides contributing to the existing gap of scientific understanding of patterns of play in Manchester City’s game, these findings shall also provide a benchmark for comparisons in future research and also a scientific foundation to discuss football match analysis.
Therapeutic possibilities and dermatological case studies in the municipality of Mitrovica, for the winter period from 01. 11. 2021 - 31. 01. 2022 and the spring/summer period from 01. 05. 2021 - 31. 07. 2022
Authors: Musa Mexhit
Published: December 2022

Skin diseases are most often caused by microorganisms - bacteria, viruses and fungi. In these cases, the cure is certain and the therapy is based on antibiotics, antifungals or minor interventions. Another group of skin diseases are indicators of an excessive immune response of the body to various influences. Most often we encounter different types of eczema and urticaria. The treatment of such diseases is complex, based on antihistamines and corticosteroids. Tests and analyzes are always carried out to determine the existence of a focal point in the body that leads to the appearance of the skin manifestation of a certain disease. In my research related to two institutions, and in two age periods, I came to the following data: In the Family Medical Center-Dermatology Department in Mitrovica, for the period from November 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022, requested help 714 patients and in the spring/summer period from May 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022, 1,196 patients, suffering from skin eczema, hand and foot eczema, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, fungal diseases, requested help. skin, Fibromas and papilloma’s, Keratoses, Condylomas, Rosacea, facial redness, etc. Of the total number of patients, 36.90% were men, and 63.10% were women. A significant difference was recorded in the number of people suffering from Eczema compared to Psoriasis vulgaris, Acne vulgaris, Erysipelas and Melanoma (p = < 0.001). The highest consumption of medicines was for the treatment of patients with eczema (49.00%), for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris (28.00%), acne vulgaris (11.00%), erysipelas (4.00%) and (7%) other (of the total consumption of medicines, it shows and a significant difference (p = < 0.001).A significant difference was recorded between the two periods 01.11.2021 - 31.02.2022 and from 01. 05. 2022 - 31.08.2022.
Proposed a WebRTC Data Communication Using Effective Signalling Protocol
Authors: Mahmood Sanabil A.
Published: December 2022

Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) is designed to permit the co-occurrence of audio, video, and data communications. However, an effective signalling mechanism that setup, establish and end communication between peers has not been specified in WebRTC. This paper designs and implements an effective WebRTC signalling mechanism for data communication compared with the common existing applications and current reviews. Moreover, it focuses on the limitations of multi-browsers communication and data. As long as no elaboration specifies how the signalling mechanism can be used in WebRTC because it does not understand the concept of sessions but rather that of streams, which create and consumes media flows. In addition, this research will elaborate on the related work and analyse the communication quality of data communications, such as data, audio, and video. Keywords: Web Real-time Communication (WebRTC); Signalling Protocols.
ANALISIS KUALITAS SOAL PREDIKSI UJIAN NASONAL BAHASA INGGRIS HASIL KERJA PESERTA DIKLAT TEKNIS SUBSTANTIF UJIAN NASIONAL BAHASA INGGRIS MADRASAH ALIYAH TAHUN 2019
Authors: Wachidun Wachidun
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Validitas, Reliabilitas, Tingkat Kesukaran, Daya Pembeda, dan Efektivitas Pengecoh soal prediksi Ujian Nasional Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Hasil Kerja Peserta Diklat Teknis Substantif Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris Madrasah Aliyah tahun 2019. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi untuk mendapatkan data yang meliputi soal, kunci jawaban, kisi-kisi soal dan lembar jawab siswa. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ditinjau dari: (1) Validitas, soal yang valid berjumlah 22 butir (44%), dan tidak valid 28 butir (56%). (2) Reliabilitas, soal memiliki Reliabilitas tinggi dengan koefisien Reliabilitas sebesar 0,77 (3) Tingkat Kesukaran, soal yang tergolong sangat sukar berjumlah 3 butir (6%), sukar berjumlah 11 butir (22%), sedang 28 butir (56%), mudah 4 butir (8%), dan sangat mudah 4 butir (8%). (4) Daya Pembeda, butir soal dengan Daya Pembeda sangat jelek 18 butir (36%), Daya Pembeda jelek 4 butir (8%), Daya Pembeda sedang 12 butir (24%), Daya Pembeda baik 12 butir (24%) dan Daya Pembeda sangat baik 4 butir (8%). (5) Efektivitas Pengecoh, Butir soal dengan Efektivitas Pengecoh sangat baik 6 butir (12%), Efektivitas Pengecoh baik 5 butir (10%), Efektivitas Pengecoh buruk 18 butir (26%), dan Efektivitas Pengecoh sangat buruk 21 butir (42%).

This study aims to determine the validity, reliability, level of difficulty, item discrimination, and distracter effectiveness of the prediction of the National Examination for English subjects made by the participants of Substantive Technical Training in the National Madrasah Aliyah English Language Examination in 2019. Data collection methods were carried out using the documentation method to collect the data that includes the test questions, key answers, and student answer sheets. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive technique. The results of this study indicate that in terms of: (1) Validity, valid questions are 22 items (44%), and 28 items are invalid (56%). (2) Reliability, questions have a high reliability with a reliability coefficient of 0.77 (3) Difficulty level, questions that are classified as very difficult amounted to 3 items (6%), difficult amounted to 11 items (22%), moderate were 28 items (56%), easy 4 items (8%), and very easy 4 items (8%). (4) Item discrimination, items with very poor discrimination index are 18 items (36%), poor discrimination index 4 items (8%), moderate discrimination index 12 (24%), good discrimination index 12 (24%) and very good discrimination 4 items (8%). (5) Distracter Effectiveness, items with very good distracter effectiveness are 6 items (12%), the good  ones are 5 items (10%), the poor ones are 18 items (26%), and the poorest ones are 21 items (42%) ).
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH SAWO KECIK (Manilkara kauki) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Nur Fitriana
Published: December 2022

S. aureus merupakan flora normal pada kulit dan membran mukosa. Akan tetapi, tingginya persentase bakteri ini pada tubuh menyebabkan beragam infeksi yang dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Pengobatan infeksi bakteri hingga saat ini dilakukan dengan pemberian antibiotik pada penderita. Namun, antibiotik yang digunakan memerlukan biaya relatif mahal dan menimbulkan efek samping. Pengobatan alternatif dengan memanfaatkan bahan alam menjadi langkah mudah yang dapat dilakukan, biaya relatif murah, dan minim efek samping. Sawo kecik merupakan tanaman yang banyak ditemukan di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Secara empiris dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional, seperti obat penurun panas, obat cacing, antileprotik, dan obat diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol buah sawo kecik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan maserasi buah sawo kecik, skrining fitokimia, uji total fenol, dan uji aktivitas antibakteri. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa sampel mengandung senyawa alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin. Total fenol dari 100 g sampel yaitu sebesar 88,320 mgGAE, dan diketahui memiliki aktivitas kuat dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa ekstrak etanol sawo kecik berpotensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar ilmiah dalam pengembangan agen antibakteri, terutama pada bakteri gram positif.
PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN BLOG INTERAKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Ambarita Jenri
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui proses pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan blog interakti; 2) Mengetahui efektivitas pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan terhadap peningkatan kreativitas guru melalui pembuatan blog interaktif. Dalam kegiatan ini peneliti menggunakan metode action research yaitu metode yang digunakan dengan cara melakukan kegiatan sambil memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi oleh setiap peserta. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, pretest dan postest. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis tematik dan analisis deskriptif  kuantitatif. Dari kegiatan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa proses kegiatan dilaksanakan secara online menggunakan zoom, youtube dan telegram. Proses kegiatan melalui 8 tahapan, yaitu: Pembuakaan, Materi umum, pretest, pelatihan, pendampingan, penugasan, postest, dan penutupan. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan selama 4 hari dengan melibatkan 214 orang guru PAK telah terlaksana dengan kategori efektif dengan persentase keberhasilan 89,7%.
Pelatihan Budidaya Cacing Sutera (Tubifex sp.) Ramah Lingkungan di Talang Rimbo Lama, Kabupaten Rejang Lebong
Authors: Hamka Muhammad Subhan , Rahmadiah Triayu , Nafsiyah Ikromatun , Ketaren Cyrum Barnike Beru , Sriyanti Asih , Sumarni NetI , Hadi Sadisman
Published: December 2022

Silkworm culture media (Tubifex sp.) are very important because it can be affected on growth and nutrient content of silkworm, such as fruit and vegetable waste. The waste disposal of fruit and vegetable in Rejang Lebong Regency have not been used properly, therefore this counseling aims of management of the waste of fruit and vegetable as and environmentally friendly silkworm culture media in Talang Rimbo Lama, Rejang Lebong Regency. The approach used includes meeting with the partnership, counseling, demonstrating, and evaluating. The counseling was interactive and communicative, and participants showed that considerable interest on materials presented. This counseling can improve knowledges and skills about silkworm cultivation and the use of the waste of fruit and vegetable as a silkworm culture media.
Flavour chemistry of dehydrated exotic fruits
Authors: Lasekan Ola , Hashim Norhashila , Lasekan Adeseye
Published: December 2022

Dehydrated fruit pieces and purées are commonly used in many food formulations and toppings for food products like yogurts, ice creams, and cereals. However, one of the biggest problems in fruit dehydration is the prevention of the development of unpleasant off-flavour that can negatively impact on the sensory quality of the final dried fruit products. In recent years, fruit dehydration has been conducted using either thermal or non-thermal drying techniques. Therefore, the present review examines how the different dehydration technologies, namely conventional hot air-drying, ultrasonic-assisted hot air-drying, sun-drying, spray-drying, Refractance WindowTM drying, cast-tape drying, thin-layer catalytic far-infrared radiation drying, withering, freeze-drying, microwave-drying, and osmotic dehydration impact on the volatile constituents of the final dried fruit products. Drying processes result in noticeable losses/reduction of several impact odorants. Moreover, some compounds are produced either via: (1) hydrolysis of relevant glycosides under high temperatures, or (2) thermal degradation of volatile and non-volatile precursors as well as oxidation and Maillard reactions which result in the production of heterocyclics, and saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. Of significance is the Refractance WindowTM drying which exhibits high retention potential (~ 90%) of volatile compounds present in fresh fruits. Refractance WindowTM drying technology ensures rapid drying of food products at very low temperature.
Characteristics and anti-inflammatory effects of the enzymatically extracted polysaccharides of Sargassum fulvellum using crude enzyme from Shewanella oneidensis PKA 1008
Authors: Xu Xiaotong , Jeong So-Mi , Lee Ji-Eun , Kang Woo-Sin , Ryu Si-Hyeong , Kim Kwangwook , Byun Eui-Hong , Cho Young-Je , Ahn Dong-Hyun
Published: December 2022

Alginic acid is a polysaccharide obtained from brown algae, and its oligosaccharide has various functions such as antiviral, antitumor, immunoregulation, and antioxidant. However, because of its high viscosity, numerous studies have degraded the alginic acid by enzymes to improve its utilisation. In the present work, we characterised Sargassum fulvellum enzymatic extract (SFEE) using polysaccharide-degrading enzyme obtained from Shewanella oneidensis PKA 1008, and investigated its anti-inflammatory potential. S. fulvellum powder and crude enzyme were mixed at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v), and reacted at 30°C for 0 - 48 h to obtain the optimum degrading time. The changes in pH, colour, reducing sugar, and viscosity of SFEE were determined. The anti-inflammatory activity of SFEE was confirmed by measuring the expression level of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and L-1β) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. The reducing sugar content was found to increase 2.75-fold at 24 h as compared to that at the initial reaction point, but pH and viscosity decreased significantly with increasing reaction time. SFEE showed a high inhibitory effect on the levels of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines. SFEE thus has great potential for development as a functional food and therapeutic material owing to its anti-inflammatory effect.
Chemical composition, glycaemic index, and antidiabetic property of analogue rice made from composite tubers, germinated legumes, and cereal flours
Authors: Nugraheni Mutiara , Purwanti Sutriyati , Ekawatiningsih Prihastuti
Published: December 2022

The dependence on rice as a source of carbohydrates in Indonesia is among the highest in Asia. Innovations to develop products that can be used as a carbohydrate source, and have functional values beneficial to health are currently needed. The present work thus aimed to determine the chemical composition, glycaemic index, and antidiabetic property of three analogue rice types. The formulation of three types of analogue rice was done by combining natural tuber flour, modified tuber flour, germinated cereals, and germinated legumes. The glycaemic index was assessed using experimental animal. The antidiabetic properties of three types of analogue rice were assessed by food efficiency ratio, glucose profile, lipid profile, and atherogenic index. Results showed that analogue rice had high dietary fibre, resistant starch, and protein, and low fat and carbohydrate. The three types of analogue rice were classified as low glycaemic index based on glycaemic response tests. The glycaemic index of analogue rice I, II, and III were 41.23 ± 3.39, 42.55 ± 3.21, and 40.19 ± 3.34, respectively. The ability of analogue rice to decrease glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index; and increase high-density lipoprotein in diabetic mice was affected by its low glycaemic index and chemical composition benefits. The ability to improve the characteristics of glucose and lipids should support the development of analogue rice as a functional food.
Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on fermentation of Monascus vinegar from rice pasta by-product
Authors: Chantarot Saowalak , Nopharatana Montira , Jirasatid Sani
Published: December 2022

In the present work, rice pasta by-product (RPBP) was used as a raw material for the production of Monascus vinegar. Alcoholic fermentation using RPBP and red yeast rice koji were carried out, and the fermentative characteristics based on the yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5169, TISTR 5196, and TISTR 5197) were investigated. The compositional changes and functional properties of Monascus vinegar were examined. S. cerevisiae TISTR 5169 produced a higher yield of alcohol in a shorter time as compared to other strains, in which 10% alcohol was observed after four days of fermentation. Descriptive sensory evaluation showed that Monascus wine fermented by S. cerevisiae TISTR 5169 (W5169) showed the highest result of intensity in cereal, fruit, and alcohol aroma. Therefore, W5169 was selected for subsequent acetous fermentation. During fermentation for 39 days, the titratable acidity (acetic acid) increased, associated with the decrease in alcohol contents and pH values. Acetification increased total phenolic content in accordance with an increase of antioxidant activity. Moreover, Monascus vinegar contained functional ingredients including Monascus pigments; yellow (0.17 OD unit/mL), orange (0.08 OD unit/mL), red (0.06 OD unit/mL), monacolin K (0.0141 ppm), and total phenolic content (71.70 µg GAE/mL). Monascus vinegar exhibited potential for antioxidant activity (58.8%) and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (73.7%), and in particular, was without the mycotoxin citrinin.
Skill, dwelling, and the education of attention
Authors: Salö Linus , Norrman Gunnar
Published: December 2022

This paper endeavours to take stock of academic writing not merely as an activity that precedes publishing but as an art and a craft in its own right. We also draw attention to some of the conditions that affect writing in academia today, notably second language userhood in the production of text. In order to do that, we invoke the reasoning of British social anthropologist Tim Ingold, particularly his perspective on dwelling, skill, and the education of attention. From this emerges a view of academic writing as a practice founded in skill, developed through the dweller’s practical involvement with his or her everyday tasks and influenced by different constraints. Because no one is born a skilled writer, attentive dwelling lies at the core of the writer’s education of attention as a situated mode of perceptual engagement with the environments in which he or she dwells, be it through reading, co-authorship or textual response.
Regimes of comprehensibility
Authors: Helgesson Stefan
Published: December 2022

This brief conceptual essay addresses the fundamental antinomy between, on the one hand, promoting a multilingual approach to reading and, on the other, deconstructing linguistic boundaries and identifications as such. While the concept of multilingualism pragmatically challenges monolingual habits of thinking, it fails to take account of the porousness of linguistic boundaries. Multilingualism, in this respect, is still beholden to the monolingual paradigm. Conversely, however, the deconstruction of the unity of a language risks playing fast and loose with sedimented institutional and textual histories that not only give “a” language tremendous authority but also add continuously to its qualities as a conceptual and aesthetic resource. Drawing on two examples from Kiran Desai’s novel The Inheritance of Loss (2006), the article discusses author-, text- and reader-oriented approaches to literary multilingualism, in order to arrive at a more contextualising and socially oriented notion that draws on current world literature scholarship. With “English” as its central case, a key claim here is that a regimes-approach makes it possible to speak of the multilingualism of “one” language.
CoolSkin
Authors: Greiner Andreas , Böckmann Olaf , Weber Simon , Ostermann Martin , Schaefer Micha
Published: December 2022

The article investigates the dependencies of façade design and construction in the integration of a sustainable solar-powered cooling system based on closed adsorption. The presented work focuses on the possible design variants of the envelope surface of the façade -integrated adsorber. The principle of adsorption cooling is presented and, based on this, architectural options for façade integration are investigated. This is done both constructively and visually. For each variant, the solar gains are summed up and compared with each other. A functionally designed adsorber, similar to a flat plate collector, serves as a reference and starting point for the modifications. It provides the comparative value for the energy evaluation. The modification is limited to the visible surface of the absorber. The texture of the solar adsorbing sheet was changed and the glazing used was replaced by ETFE cushions and by a novel ETFE vacuum panel. Finally, the solar simulation results were integrated into the higher-level system simulation to evaluate the resulting gain in cooling capacity. The results show that the system could generate more than 100 W per installed square metre of adsorber façade. Furthermore, higher solar gains compared to the reference case can be obtained at particular times of the day due to geometry and material changes. However, the modifications always lead to a reduction of the total cooling power. In conclusion, the simulation results reveal that design flexibility is possible, but currently the studied design variants have a lower cooling capacity compared to the solely functionally designed adsorber.
A Pragmatic Study of Apology Strategies in Akan (Twi)
Authors: Anane Job
Published: December 2022

As human interact with each other there is propensity of stepping on the toes of one another,  when this happens it is incumbent on the parties involved to try as much as possible to sort out  their differences. One of the most effective ways of breaking this barrier is apologizing. The  person apologizing creates the impression that he is remorseful for the harm caused. The purpose  of the study is to examine the realization of apology speech act, which inclines to be more  situation-dependent and less frequently occurring than other speech acts. It also examines how  the patterns of apology strategies are varied in relation to contextual factors (social status, social  distance, and severity of offence) as used by the Akan (Twi) speakers. Discourse completion  Task (DCT) in a form of interview and role play was chosen for the current study. The  researcher created scenes for the DCT that required apologies based on situations occurring in  real life. The researcher explained the DCT thoroughly to the participants and told them to put  themselves in the situation and render an apology. The findings revealed that some Akan (Twi)  speakers acknowledge responsibility, some tried to justify their actions whilst others shift the  blame on others. It was revealed that some people also combine different strategies when  apologizing.
Securing Elections Through International Law: A Tool for Combatting Disinformation Operations?
Authors: IŞIK İrem , BİLDİK Ömer , Molla Tayanç
Published: December 2022

According to the U.S. Department of Justice, in 2014, the Russian government-connected Internet Research Agency (IRA) initiated an information operation on social media platforms to manipulate the U.S. population concerning the 2016 U.S. presidential elections. This has revealed that social media platforms enable the spread of fake news among the masses globally and can thus become a means of disrupting the electoral process for foreign actors. This article addresses state-sponsored disinformation operations on social media that target foreign voters. It considers it crucial to counter such operations to protect the security and integrity of the elections in the digital age, which is a vital national interest. Despite some mitigation efforts given after 2016, social media platforms continued to be exploited by the States seeking to influence the outcome of foreign elections through the dissemination of false information. This article argues that international law could play an essential role in combating state-sponsored disinformation operations. In this regard, it elaborates on sovereignty and non-intervention principles, and the right to self-determination.
COLISTIN AGAR; EVALUATION OF A NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO DETECTION OF COLISTIN RESISTANCE
Authors: Ali Saad , Hussain Wajid , Ahmad Farooq , Afzal Raja Kamran , Mirza Irfan Ali , Sarwar Mariam
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Colistin agar for detection of Colistin resistance in clinical isolates of MultiDrug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli.

Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Aug 2019.

Methodology: A total of 100 Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in clinical isolates were included. Isolates were identified using Gram stain, Catalase, Oxidase, API 20E, and API 20NE. After approval from the institutional ethical review committee, Colistin susceptibility was determined simultaneously by Colistin agar and Broth Micro Dilution Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method as per CLSI. For susceptibility criteria, EUCAST guidelines were followed. Results were validated with the gold standard test, i.e., Broth Micro Dilution.

Results: Out of 100 Multi-Drug Resistant clinical isolates, the distribution was K. pneumoniae n=60, E.coli n=16, A. baumannii n=11, C. freundii n=8, and E. cloacae n=5. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of Colistin agar for detection of Colistin resistance, keeping Broth Micro Dilution Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method as the gold standard was 96.67%, 97.14%, 93.55%, 98.55%, and 97%, respectively.

Conclusion: Colistin agar has excellent diagnostic accuracy for the detection of colistin resistance with standardized inoculum density. Due to its ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and accurate results, it can be used in lab setups deficient in manpower and advanced equipment for Broth Micro Dilution or genetic sequencing.
Red Cell Antibodies Against High Frequency Antigens, A Two Year Experience At A Regional Transfusion Institute
Authors: Khurshid Ayesha , Alam Maqbool , Mahmood Asad , Khan Aysha , Khan Nabeela , Yazdani Sajid
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the clinicohaematological presentation and outcome of patients with antibodies to high frequency antigen(HFA) in our setup.Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2016 to Jan 2018.

Methodology: We diagnosed 29 cases of uncommon red cell antibodies including antibodies to HFA, in a span of two years (2016-2018). Information regarding patient’s age, diagnosis, transfusion history, incompatible cross match and history of pregnancy was obtained. Venous blood sample of 3ml was taken in EDTA for grouping, red cell phenotyping and Direct AntiGlobulin Test (DAT) and 5 ml venous blood was taken for Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT), antibody screening and identification. Tube method was used for forward and reverse blood grouping, DAT and IAT. Column Agglutination Technique (CAT) was used for antibody screening, identification and red cell phenotyping.

Results: Out of a total of 29 cases, 24 (83%) were of anti H antibody (Bombay blood group). Rest of 5 (17%) included one each of anti Rh 17, anti Rh 29 (Rh null), anti P1Pk, anti-ENA/WRB and anti P antibodies. Anti H Lectin (Ulexeuropaeus) was used for confirmation of H antigen absence, while rest of antibodies were confirmed by IBGRL Bristol, UK.

Conclusion: The sources of antigen negative blood are family members, rare donor registry, autologous donations and frozen blood banks. Finding compatible blood for patients with an antibody to HFA may be a challenge.
Review of Level III Maternal Care in The Patients of Placenta Previa and Its Optimal Outcome: One-Year Experience at Combined Military Hospital Lahore
Authors: Sajjad Rabia , Ashraf Viqar , Ali Chaudhry Amjad
Published: December 2022

Objective: To review the cases of placenta previa with its optimal outcome, presented at Combined Military Hospital Lahore.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jun 2019.

Methodology: Total forty-six women, with singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation were included. Women with placental abruption, having some local cause of antepartum haemorrhage, bleeding disorders, with severe medical disorder were excluded. Doppler ultrasound and MRI pelvis were performed to confirm the placenta previa and morbid adhered placenta (MAP).

Results: Mean age of patients was 31.6 ± 3.5 years. Risk factors like previous scar and curettage was observed in 41 (89.1%) and 15(32.6%) patients respectively. On antenatal examination, placenta previa was diagnosed in 38 patients. Obstetrical hysterectomy was performed in 30 (65.2%) cases whereas lower segment caesarean was performed in 16 (34.7%) cases.

Conclusion: Placenta previa is leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Tremendous increase in the cesarean section rate is responsible for increased frequency of abnormally implanted placenta and such cases should be managed at tertiary care hospital to get optimal outcome.
Histopathological Evaluationof Appendectomy Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Noreen Fozia , Ghazal Lubna , Ambreen Salma , Malik Tariq Masood , Iqbal Anjum , Tehseen Tahira
Published: December 2022

Objective: To find out the histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens, negative appendectomy rate (NAR) and the association of gender and age groups which underwent negative appendectomies in our set up.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: POF Hospital, Wah Cantt, from Jan to Aug 2017.

Methodology: The records of 1050 patients were assessed for the relevant clinical history, age, gender and date of their presentation in hospital. The appendectomy specimens were classified as positive specimens which contained fecoliths, worms, granulomatous inflammation, foreign body reaction, mucocele, or appendiceal tumors. All the data were entered and analyzed in SPSS-21.

Results: Among the 1050 patients with suspicion of acute appendicitis, 458 (43.6%) were cases of acute appendicitis followed by acute suppurative appendicitis 100 (9.5%) and fecolith 79 (7.5%) in appendiceal lumen. The negative appendectomy rate was calculated as 248 (23.6%). A significant association of normal appendices was found with female gender (p=0.002) and young age group (p=0.02).

Conclusion: Acute appendicitis was the most frequent histopathological finding in our study. The negative appendectomy rate was significantly associated with the females of young age.
Prevalence of Blood Group A2 in Northern Pakistan
Authors: Yazdani Muhammad Sajid , Khalid Zeeshan , Rathore Muhammad Ali , Fatimah Sarah
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the prevalence of A1 and A2 subgroups of blood group A in healthy blood donors of northern Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep to Dec 2017.

Methodology: The blood samples of donors reported during the study period at Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion were collected. ABO typing was performed and those in group A and AB were further subtyped using anti-A1 lectin and thus the individuals were labelled as A1 (and A1B) or A2 (and A2B). The serum of individuals with groups A2 and A2B was tested for anti-A1 based on the reaction with A1 red cells.

Results: Out of total 4485 donors, 1116 (24.88%) were of blood group A and 422 (9.41%) individuals were of AB group. Out of 146 (13.08%) individuals among 1116 blood group A donors were of subgroup A2. While out of 422 of blood group AB, 80 (18.95%) were A2B. 21 (14.38%) out of 146 individuals of A2 blood group, had anti-A1 antibody while among 80 individuals with A2B blood group only 2 (2.50%) had anti-A1 antibody in their serum.

Conclusion: Blood group A2 is quite prevalent in our population. Although anti-A1 is present in significant fraction of A2 blood group individuals, the routine testing is not needed to identify the A2 group and cross match compatibility is the only requirement as anti-A1 is rarely active at 37° C.
Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Rafique Babar , Amir Muhammad , Khaskheli Abdul Jabbar , Arshad Abdul Rehman , Aslam Ayaz , Irfan Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Study Design: Case control study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Jun 2017 to Jun 2018.

Methodology: After fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 190 patients were enrolled in the study and divided into two equal groups. The patients of either gender with positive anti-hepatitis C antibodies/PCR for HCV, ribonucleic acid (RNA) were included as cases and apparently healthy individuals reporting for blood donation were included as controls. Plasma glucose was tested by hexokinase enzymatic method using Advia 1800 after 8 hours fast. Then the association between the two major diseases was observed.

Results: Patients in the case and control groups had the mean age of 40.26 ± 8.05 and 40.29 ± 8.89 years respectively whereas body mass index in the case group was 26.60 ± 1.67 kg/m2 and 26.05 ± 1.49 kg/m2 in the control group. Mean duration of HCV infection was 7.03 ± 2.21 months in the case group. Mean serum ALT level was 46.81 ± 7.25 U/L in the case group and 28.43 ± 4.66 U/L in the control group. A total of 76.8% of patients in case group had been treated for HCV infection previously. Type 2 diabetes was seen in 38 (40%) cases and 19 (20%) controls (Odd Ratio=2.60; p=0.002).

Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more frequent amongst HCV positive patients as compared to HCV negative patients.
Association of Abnormal Coagulation Tests in Dengue Fever with Clinical Outcomes of The Patients
Authors: Irshad Zareen , Jaffar Nazish , Zehra Talat , Zeeshan Faiza , Tashfeen Sunila , Sheikh Asma
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the coagulation test abnormalities (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin degradation products) in dengue fever patients and its impact on clinical outcomes of the patient.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Hematology Department, Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, Karachi Pakistan, from Aug 2016 to Feb 2017.

Methodology: A total of 135, serologically proven positive dengue-infected IgM cases, based on enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay, were included in the study. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrin degradation products levels were measured on STA Compact Max® (STAGO) and SysmexCA-1500. Clinical Outcomes of the patient were noted.

Results: At the time of admission, elevated prothrombin time was observed in 8(5.6%) cases and remained high at the time of discharge (p-value 0.008). Elevated activated partial thromboplastin time was observed in 57 (42.2%) cases at admission whereas, at discharge, it was observed in 56 (41.5%) cases. Increased level (>5) of fibrin degradation products was seen in 30 (22.2%) cases while at the time of discharge increased level of fibrin degradation products was observed in 25 (18.5%) cases (pvalue 0.007). Out of 135 patients, mortality was observed in two cases and the remaining 133 (98.52%) survived and were discharged.

Conclusion: In conclusion, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrin degradation products can be labeled as early predictors of disease severity and their derangements are associated with clinical outcome in dengue infection.
Comparison of Effect of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors on HBA1c Level in Type 2 Diabetes in Pakistani Population
Authors: Amir Misbah ul Qamar Muhammad , Sumreen Tahira , Khan Andaleeb , Butt Kamil Rehman , Ali Ejaz , Rehman Ayesha
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors with DPP-4 inhibitors as the add on therapy to Metformin on HBA1c level in type 2 diabetes patients in Pakistani population.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Sialkot, Pakistan from Nov to Apr 2020.

Methodology: The study population comprised of 300 type-II diabetes patients with poorly controlled diabetes on Metformin managed at Combined Military Hospital Sialkot, Pakistan. Patients were divided into two groups via lottery method. GroupA received the SGLT-2 inhibitors at standard dose while group-B received the DPP-4 inhibitors at the usual standard does as recommended by the consultant medical specialist. Values of glycosylated hemoglobin were compared three months after the start of study.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 44.31 ± 5.841 years. Mean duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the study participants was 4.18 ± 6.369 years. HBA1c after three months of treatment in the SGLT-2 inhibitors-group was 7.01 ± 0.14 mmol/L while in the DPP-4 inhibitors-group was 7.89 ± 0.99 mmol/L. Difference between the two groups was statistically significant (pvalue <0.01). The result showed SGLT-2 inhibitors as the better option for add on therapy to Metformin as compared to DPP-4 inhibitors.

Conclusion: SGLT-2 inhibitors emerged as better option to lower the HBA1c level as compared to DPP-4 inhibitors as the add on therapy to Metformin as there was statistically significant difference in HBA1c levels after three months of therapy in both the groups.