bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining Stress Distribution and Gas Drainage Application of Coal Seam Group under Fault Influence
Authors: Tang Meng , Kang Xiangtao , Ren Jiachi , Gao Lin , Ma Zhenqian , Kong Dezhong
Published: August 2022

The existence of fault structures often seriously endangers the safe production of coal mines. In order to ensure the safe and efficient production of close coal seam group mines under the influence of faults, it is of wide engineering significance to study the gas occurrence and extraction technology between coal seam groups under the influence of faults. In this study, the mining and gas drainage of 13817 working face in Yueliangtian Mine were taken as the research background. Combined with theoretical research, laboratory analysis, and numerical simulation analysis, the pressure relief range of coal seam and the evolution characteristics of surrounding rock stress were studied, the coal and gas comining system under the influence of faults was determined, the gas drainage technology was optimized, and the effect was investigated and analyzed. The results show that the gas pressure reduction zone is formed in the range of 20 m and 6 m of the lower wall of F1 fault, and the pressure relief effect is good in the range of 40 m above the roof of the working face to 20 m below the bottom plate during the advancing process. The optimized gas drainage technology has a good effect on gas control in coal seam group mining under the influence of faults. The absolute gas emission of the working face is reduced to 28~36 m3/min, the gas concentration in the upper corner of the mining face is about 0.6%, and the gas concentration of the return airflow is reduced to less than 0.5%. The gas extraction rate of No. 8 coal seam is 52.9%, and the gas content in the fault zone is reduced by 60%, realizing the safe and efficient comining of coal and gas. The research results have certain reference and application value for mine gas control with similar mining conditions.
[Retracted] The Effects of ERAS Concept Combined with Postoperative Leg Pad Elevation on Knee Enhancement, Quality of Life, and Pain in Sufferers after HTO Surgery
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Qiong , Huang Ju
Published: August 2022

The effects of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept combined with postoperative leg pad elevation on knee enhancement, quality of life, and pain in sufferers after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) are investigated. A total of 98 sufferers who underwent high tibial osteotomy in our hospital from January 2020 to May 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Two sets of sufferers are randomly divided into the study set and the routine set by the random number table method, with 49 cases in each set. The contrast set is given routine nursing intervention, and the ERAS concept combined with self‐made raising leg pad nursing is given to the study set on the basis of the contrast set. Efficacy, joint pain, knee function, SF‐36 fraction, quality of life fraction, and psychological status fraction are observed in 2 sets. Experimental results show that for sufferers after HTO surgery, the application of the ERAS concept combined with leg pad nursing therapy can effectively enhance postoperative knee function and adverse mood, reduce postoperative pain, and enhance postoperative quality of life.
Influence of Compaction, Gradations, and Stress Levels on Fatigue Performance of SMA-13 Mixtures
Authors: Xue Jinshun , Jiang Yingjun
Published: August 2022

The fatigue characteristics of the stone-mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture and pavement structure are the basis of SMA mixture pavement design. However, the fatigue performance of the SMA mixture compacted by a vertical vibration compaction method (VTM) has been rarely studied. This paper presents the indirect tensile fatigue test results of a laboratory investigation focused on the influence of compaction methods (Marshall compaction method, vertical vibration compaction method, and Superpave gyration compaction method), gradations (specification gradation and skeleton dense gradation), and stress levels on the fatigue performance of the SMA mixture with the nominal maximum particle size of 13.2 mm (SMA-13 mixture). Results showed that the fatigue life of the SMA-13 mixtures decreases linearly with the increase of the stress level under the same failure probability. The fatigue life of the SMA-13 mixture was 156% and 310% higher than that of the SGC and Marshall methods under the same loading stress, respectively. Furthermore, the fatigue life of the SMA-13 mixture with skeleton dense gradation was 55% higher than that of specification gradation. Through comparing the fatigue life of SMA-13 mixtures prepared under different compaction methods and gradations, the compaction methods of VTM and the skeleton dense gradation were recommended for SMA-13 mixture design.
Analysis of Fractional Bioconvection with Hybrid Nanoparticles in Channel Flow
Authors: Asjad Muhammad Imran , Ikram Muhammad Danish , Sarwar Noman , Muhammad Taseer , Sivasankaran Sivanandam , Subaihi Sami Ahmed Abdu
Published: August 2022

In this paper, MHD Brinkman-type fluid flow containing titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticle hybrid nanoparticles with generalized Mittag–Leffler kernel-based fractional derivative is investigated in the presence of bioconvection. The governing equations with dimensional analysis and fractional approach are obtained by using the fractional Fourier’s law for heat flux and Fick’s law for diffusion. As a result, the bioconvection Rayleigh number, which is responsible for the declining in the fluid velocity and fractional parameters used to control the thermal and momentum boundary layers thickness of fluid properties. The obtained solutions can be beneficial for proper analysis of real data and provide a tool for testing possible approximate solutions where needed.
The Diagnostic Value of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index for Venous Thromboembolism in Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Lu , Liu Xiangliang , Yang Ruihan , Yang Yi , Chen Xiao
Published: August 2022

Background. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered a common complication in lung cancer patients. Despite its widespread use, the Khorana score performed moderately in predicting VTE risk. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic utility of the Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII) and to create a novel nomogram for predicting VTE in patients with pulmonary carcinoma. Materials and Methods. The data, like clinical features and laboratory indicators, of inpatients diagnosed with lung cancer from March 2019 to March 2020 were collected and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed to confirm the risk factors and then construct a nomogram model. The calibration curve and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the model’s fitting performance. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of SII and the nomogram. Results. This study enrolled 369 lung patients with a VTE morbidity rate of 23.33%. The patients with VTE had higher SII levels than the non-VTE group (1441.47 ± 146.28 vs. 626.76 ± 26.04,

P
<
0.001

). SII is the stronger correlator for VTE among inflammatory markers, of which the optimal cut-off value was 851.51. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the age, metastasis, antitumor treatment, hemoglobin<100 g/L, SII>851.51 × 109/L, and D-dimer>2 folds were independent risk factors for lung cancer-related VTE, and a new prediction nomogram model was constructed based on them. ROC curve analysis showed the AUC of the new model and Khorana score were 0.708 (0.643-0.772) and 0.600 (0.531-0.699). Conclusion. The SII was a simple and valuable biomarker for VTE, and the new nomogram model based on it can accurately forecast the occurrence of VTE. They can be utilized in clinical practice to identify those at high risk of VTE in lung cancer patients.
Effect of Electrode Insertion Angle on Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Adult and Children Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Fan Ting , Xiang Meng-Ya , Li Yang , Gong Jia-Min , Wu Tao , Wang Yue , Xu Jin , Wang Yun-Feng , Li Jian
Published: August 2022

Purpose. To determine the role played by electrode insertion angle in cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in adult and children patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods. Adults (

n
=
10

) and children (

n
=
19

) with SNHL undergoing CI in a tertiary specialized hospital were retrospectively enrolled. The measurements were evaluated before and after CI surgery using sound field audiometry and speech recognition tests. Questionnaires were used to assess subjective benefits. Electrode insertion angles were determined using postoperative X-rays. Results. Both adult and children patients showed significant improvements in hearing, speech performance, and audiology and speech-related quality of life after CI. The angular insertion depths of adult and children group were

323.70
±
43.57

° and

341.53
±
57.07

°, respectively, showing no significant difference. In the adult group, deeper insertion depths were found to be strongly linked to lower postoperative pure tone thresholds at 12 months and higher postoperative disyllabic Word Recognition and Sentence Recognition Scores at 6 months (all

P
<
0.05

). In the children group, deeper insertion depth had a positive correlation with postoperative monosyllabic Word Recognition Scores 6 and 12 months after CI surgery (both

P
<
0.05

). Multiple linear regression models were constructed to predict disyllabic Word Recognition Scores at 6 and 12 months postoperatively in the children group, in which insertion angle, duration of hearing loss, and preoperative questionnaire result were identified as dependent variables. Conclusions. Greater angular insertion depths resulted in improved hearing and speech performances after CI. The benefits of greater angular insertion depths can be found in both adult and children patients and last for at least 12 months. Clinicians are expected to determine the optimal implantation direction during CI and ensure the insertion depth to improve the speech rehabilitation of patients.
Family Relationships and Alcohol Consumption: Interaction with the Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR)
Authors: Zareei Farzaneh , Veidebaum Toomas , Harro Jaanus
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The interaction of environmental and inherited factors determines how a young person becomes involved in problem behaviours such as drinking alcohol. We have investigated whether the association of family relationships with early experience with alcohol is related to variation in the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Methods: We used data of the two birth cohorts of the Estonian Personality Behaviour and Health Study (original n = 1,238) at age 15 and 18 years. Data were self-reported in a laboratory setting. Results: Family relationships at age 15 years were significantly related to the frequency of drinking alcohol. Specifically, association of Warmth in Family (closeness and support within family) with consuming alcohol was in a negative, while maltreatment (misprize and abuse) in a positive relationship with alcohol consumption. At age 18 years, the effects of family relationships on consuming alcohol were lower and no longer statistically significant (p values >0.10). The associations between family relations and alcohol use at age 15 years varied by the 5-HTTLPR genotype: at this age, the impact of the family relations, both Warmth and Maltreatment, on the frequency of drinking alcohol was statistically significant among participants with the S/L genotype, and while rather similar results were obtained for the S/S genotype, no relations were apparent between family relations and consuming alcohol in subjects with the L/L genotype. Conclusion: These findings reveal that family relations are related to alcohol consumption, dependent upon the 5-HTTLPR genotype. This is compatible with the hypothesis that the S-allele carriers are more malleable by the environment.
First-Line Systemic Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Patient-Level Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fong Khi Yung , Zhao Joseph Jonathan , Sultana Rehena , Lee Joycelyn Jie Xin , Lee Suat Ying , Chan Stephen Lam , Yau Thomas , Tai David Wai Meng , Sundar Raghav , Too Chow Wei
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Sorafenib was historically the standard of care for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) until it was superseded by the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab. Thereafter, several novel first-line combination therapies have demonstrated favorable outcomes. The efficacies of these treatments in relation to current and previous standards of care are unknown, necessitating an overarching evaluation. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials for phase III randomized controlled trials investigating first-line systemic therapies for aHCC. Kaplan-Meier curves for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were graphically reconstructed to retrieve individual patient-level data. Derived hazard ratios (HRs) for each study were pooled in a random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA). NMAs were also conducted using study-level HRs for various subgroups, according to viral etiology, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, macrovascular invasion, and extrahepatic spread. Treatment strategies were ranked using p scores. Results: Among 4,321 articles identified, 12 trials and 9,589 patients were included for analysis. Only two therapies showed OS benefit over sorafenib: combined anti-programmed-death and anti-VEGF pathway inhibitor monoclonal antibodies (Anti-PD-(L)1/VEGF Ab), including atezolizumab-bevacizumab and sintilimab-bevacizumab biosimilar (HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.53–0.76) and tremelimumab-durvalumab (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.66–0.92). Anti-PD-(L)1/VEGF Ab showed OS benefit over all other therapies except tremelimumab-durvalumab. Low heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) and inconsistency (Cochran’s Q = 0.52, p = 0.773) was observed. p scores for OS ranked Anti-PD-(L)1/VEGF Ab as the best treatment in all subgroups, except hepatitis B where atezolizumab-cabozantinib ranked highest for both OS and PFS, as well as nonviral HCC and AFP ≥400 μg/L where tremelimumab-durvalumab ranked highest for OS. Conclusion: This NMA supports Anti-PD-(L)1/VEGF Ab as the first-line therapy for aHCC and demonstrates a comparable benefit for tremelimumab-durvalumab which also extends to certain subgroups. Results of the subgroup analysis may guide treatment according to baseline characteristics, while pending further studies.
Postoperative Complications of Microscopic Fenestration for Middle Fossa Arachnoid Cysts: A Retrospective Study of 38 Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Lu Zheng , Zheng Wen-Jian , Han Xu , Gong Jian
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Middle fossa arachnoid cyst (MFAC) is one of the most common cranial cysts in children, and the various postoperative complications following cyst fenestration represent a major concern. We conducted a retrospective study in our department and performed a systematic review of the literature to identify the risk factors for complications. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted in 38 patients with MFAC (<14 years) who underwent microscopic fenestration from January 2019 to December 2020. Postoperative complications, including postoperative hemorrhage/hematoma, subdural hygroma (SH), cranial nerve palsy, postoperative central nervous system infection, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, were collected. A systematic PubMed search for cohort studies on surgically treated MFAC published after 1980 was performed. The postoperative complications in the included studies were illustrated. Results: The overall complication rate in our series was 7.9%, among whom, 9 patients (23.7%) developed postoperative SH, one of which required cyst-peritoneal shunting. Patients who developed SH were significantly younger (4.0 ± 1.8 vs. 6.3 ± 3.4 years, p = 0.012). Binary logistic analysis showed that a lower age could be a risk factor for developing SH (odds ratio: 0.738, p = 0.067). One patient developed a subdural hematoma. No cranial nerve palsy or CSF leak was observed. Eighteen studies were included in the systematic review, comprising 649 cases of MFAC. The most common complication was SH (4.9%), and the postoperative complication rates were similar between the microscopic and endoscopic techniques. Conclusion: The complication rate of MFAC fenestration is considerable. SH is the most common postoperative complication, and it mostly occurs in young children. Strict surgical indications should be applied for young children.
Alteplase for Stroke With Unknown Onset Time in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data
Authors: Miwa Kaori , Koga Masatoshi , Jensen Märit , Inoue Manabu , Yoshimura Sohei , Fukuda-Doi Mayumi , Boutitie Florent , Ma Henry , Ringleb Peter A. , Wu Ona , Schwamm Lee H. , Warach Steven , Hacke Werner , Davis Stephen M. , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz , Toyoda Kazunori , Cheng Bastian , Bendszus Martin , Bladin Christopher , Churilov Leonid , Campbell Brunce , Parsons Mark , Yassi Nawaf , Ebinger Martin , Endres Matthias , Fiebach Jochen B. , Kleinig Timothy , Latour Lawrence , Lemmens Robin , Levi Christopher , Leys Didier , Molina Carlos , Muir Keith , Nighoghossian Norbert , Pedraza Salvador , Schellinger Peter D. , Schwab Stefan , Simonsen Claus Z. , Song Shlee S. , Thijs Vincent , Toni Danilo , Hsu Chung Y. , Wahlgren Nils
Published: August 2022

Background:

Although chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with worse stroke outcomes, data regarding the influence of CKD on intravenous thrombolysis outcomes are scarce. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke with unknown onset time in patients with CKD.

Methods:

Patients with an acute stroke of unknown onset time from the EOS trials (Evaluation of Unknown Onset Stroke Thrombolysis) collaboration were evaluated using an individual patient-level database of randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous thrombolysis with placebo/standard treatment. CKD was defined as baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min/1.73m
2
Mixed-effect logistic-regression analysis was performed to evaluate treatment effects. A favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1 at 90 days. Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage at 22 to 36 hours and 90-day mortality.

Results:

Baseline data on renal function were available for 688 of 843 patients. Of these, CKD was present in 146 (21%), including 69 of 351 patients receiving alteplase and 77 of 337 patients receiving placebo/standard treatment. Overall, treatment with alteplase was associated with higher odds of favorable outcome, and CKD did not modify the treatment effect (
P
interaction
=0.834). A favorable outcome was observed in 31 of 69 (46%) patients with CKD in the alteplase group and in 28 of 77 (36%) patients with CKD in the control group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.19 [95% CI, 0.55–2.58]). Among patients with CKD, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 2 patients (3%) in the alteplase group but in none of the controls (
P
=0.133). At 90 days, death was reported in 3 patients (4%) in the alteplase group compared with 2 patients (3%) in the controls (
P
=0.539).

Conclusions:

The present analysis indicates that the benefit of alteplase does not differ between stroke patients with unknown onset time with and without CKD, although the statistical power was lacking to confirm the efficacy in subgroups. This study only applies to mild-to-moderate or predialysis CKD.
How Much Does Lookahead Matter for Disambiguation? Partial Arabic
Diacritization Case Study
Authors: Esmail Saeed , Bar Kfir , Dershowitz Nachum
Published: August 2022

We suggest a model for partial diacritization of deep orthographies. We focus on Arabic, where the optional indication of selected vowels by means of diacritics can resolve ambiguity and improve readability. Our partial diacritizer restores short vowels only when they contribute to the ease of understandability during reading a given running text. The idea is to identify those uncertainties of absent vowels that require the reader to look ahead to disambiguate. To achieve this, two independent neural networks are used for predicting diacritics, one that takes the entire sentence as input and another that considers only the text that has been read thus far. Partial diacritization is then determined by retaining precisely those vowels on which the two networks disagree, preferring the reading based on consideration of the whole sentence over the more naïve reading-order diacritization.

For evaluation, we prepared a new dataset of Arabic texts with both full and partial vowelization. In addition to facilitating readability, we find that our partial diacritizer improves translation quality compared either to their total absence or to random selection. Lastly, we study the benefit of knowing the text that follows the word in focus toward the restoration of short vowels during reading, and we measure the degree to which lookahead contributes to resolving ambiguities encountered while reading.

L’Herbelot had asserted, that the most ancient Korans, written in the Cufic character, had no vowel points; and that these were first invented by Jahia–ben Jamer, who died in the 127th year of the Hegira. “Toderini’s History of Turkish Literature,” Analytical Review (1789)
Of COVID-19 Transmission Control
Authors: Oladejo Abiodun Omotayo , Jack Jackson T. C. B.
Published: August 2022

At the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic, world leaders introduced face masking and tactical urbanism aimed at reducing physical contacts. The goal of these measures, as argued by the proponents, is to curtail community transmission of the virus to enable herd immunity. The enforcement of these measures attracted contradictions related to human rights and citizen duty. In the Global North, the rising cases of COVID-19 have been linked to resistance to regulations aimed at containing the virus. Predominantly, the younger generation perceive these measures as infringements on their freedoms and rights. Conversely, in the Global South, the implementation of COVID-19 measures has been marred by instances of human rights violations and extra-judicial killings in extreme cases. There are reported cases of arbitrary arrests, battery, and extortions consequent upon the enforcement of physical distancing and use of face masks. The paradox of the differential experiences between the Global North and South informed this article. Relying on extant literature and Procedural Justice Theory, the authors submit that rights and duties are not mutually exclusive, but can be blended through a proactive participatory process within a democratic framework. The article recommends a multi-level legislative framework for disaster management.
Justice in International Negotiation Training
Authors: Meerts Paul
Published: August 2022

The notion of justice is a vital element in international negotiation training especially if the participants are from the political and diplomatic realms. This is the case not only because trainees need to be aware of existing judicial organizations, but foremost, because of the role that fairness plays in helping negotiation processes develop and conclude agreements that are then implemented successfully. Unfair outcomes are normally ineffective. This article highlights the role of justice in a training environment of growing complexity. It deals with simple bilateral exercises, as well as negotiations that involve constituencies and mediators, multiparty bargaining situations, and complex multilateral diplomatic conferences. Justice in the training environment touches upon issues like positions and interests, power and influence, strategy and tactics, skills and styles, culture and emotions, and above all, on actors and processes in the context of politics, diplomacy and history.
Negotiating in China: Principles of Justice
Authors: Faure Guy Olivier
Published: August 2022

China does not have a unified and consistent ethical understanding. Ethics have to be mostly conceived and applied in personal terms. At the negotiation table, parties bring their own moral principles and values from their cultural background, education, and experience. Justice principles anchored in Chinese moral philosophy clearly take precedence over legal justice principles. For a Chinese negotiator, striking a deal is a process of balancing between two contradictory sets of values: Confucius’ notions of rightness, and those of modern distributive (and procedural) justice. Now, distributive justice implies a whole range of criteria, such as rewards according to efforts, merits, and contribution, as well as need. Equality is still not on the Chinese justice agenda. Fairness has to find its own way between guanxi requirements, traditional nepotism, the influence of symbols, propitious numbers, references to ancestors, feng shui, and astrology.
Negotiating Aspirations in Displacement
Authors: Willmann-Robleda Zubia
Published: August 2022

This article explores women’s aspirations during different stages of seeking asylum and settling in Norway and how their aspirations were influenced by each stage’s characteristics and circumstances. Two ethnographic fieldwork phases involved following nine women during approximately one and a half years through the asylum process and the early stages of settlement in Norway (2017–2019). The data show that while living in an asylum centre, the women’s narratives about their aspirations were permeated primarily by their uncertain circumstances. After settling in the municipalities, they began to encounter multiple limitations to their aspirations, which led them to become demotivated and eventually readjust their aspirations. This article shows the effects that the experience of being an asylum seeker and that of resettling in a new country has on people’s aspirations and motivation, something which can in turn have an influence on how they decide to incorporate into the new society.
Duty of Care: Consular Diplomacy Response of Baltic and Nordic Countries to COVID-19
Authors: Birka Ieva , Kļaviņš Didzis , Kits Roberts
Published: August 2022

Declaring the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 left thousands of travellers stranded, propelling consular work to the forefront, and testing governments’ capacity to aid their nationals abroad. While all consular departments provided assistance and duty of care (DoC) through information and guidance, some were reactive while others were proactive, and some were willing to make exceptions and engage in pastoral care. Analysis of the Baltic and Nordic countries’ reactions to the initial outbreak of COVID-19 shows us how DoC diverged in practice, and to note the transition of consular affairs into consular diplomacy and its interplay with facets of digital, citizen-centric and diaspora diplomacy. The conclusion is that all eight countries exceeded normal consular practice and exhibited some level of pastoral DoC, with Latvia and Lithuania exhibiting high levels of pastoral care. In parallel, Lithuania and Denmark, in their responses, effectively incorporated innovative elements of digital and diaspora diplomacy.
The Agricultural Economics of the Allied Occupation of Iran in the Second World War
Authors: Vahidirad Michael , Borhani Marjan
Published: August 2022

The occupation of Iran in 1941 by the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States and the deposition of Rezā Shāh (r. 1925–41) by the Allied powers involuntarily drew Iran into the Second World War, affecting the country’s politics, economy, and society on multiple levels. In particular, the consequences of Allied involvement affected the agricultural sector. Using contemporary descriptions of events and archived documents, this study examines the occupation force’s quasi-colonization of Iran’s agricultural and pastoral resources, its consequences and, more generally, Allied policies regarding Iran. This paper suggests that, through the Tripartite Treaty of Alliance (29 January 1942), the Allied powers legitimized their presence and direct intervention in Iran’s policies, especially in the realm of agricultural economics. Moreover, support for the Soviet Union during the war appears to have been a higher priority for the United States and United Kingdom than concern for the native Iranian population, resulting in the disruption of the food transportation system, increased food prices, and decreased supplies of the chief crops, leading to food shortages and social unrest in Iran.
A Clarification of the Terms Dakhma and Astodān on the Basis of Literary Records and Archeological Research in Fars Province
Authors: Doroodi Mojtaba , Hajiani Farrokh
Published: August 2022

The terms dakhma (open-air tomb) and astodān (ossuary) are often used interchangeably despite the fact that they refer to two distinct structures with different meanings in pre-Islamic Iranian burial practices. The present study explores the differences between the two structures, along with burial-related terms used by ancient Persians, by examining ancient and medieval Iranian manuscripts and by conducting a field study of surviving artifacts from ancient times. The results show that dakhma (or dakhmagāh) was a general term referring to the entire burial site and its constituent elements—as opposed to the specific astodān. Both of these structures should be differentiated from small hollowed ledges on the edges or surfaces of mountains, which were engraved as late as the early Islamic period (seventh to ninth centuries), even though the terms dakhma and astodān appear in their inscriptions. Although the latter have led some scholars to conflate the terms, the present study finds that these small stone structures and hollows are neither dakhma nor astodān, but rather served as a symbolic memorial to the departed. Furthermore, other burial-related structures in the environs of the dakhma, including mortar-shaped hollowed stones (sang-ābs) and cascade-like stone grooves (called sor-sor-e hāy-e sangi), which have received scant attention, can be traced back to Zoroastrian rituals in Avestan texts and point to the presence of a dakhma. Finally, the present field study, which explored ancient burial sites in the Marvdasht plain in Fars Province, includes unique information and details that are presented here for the first time.
Odor-Induced Taste Enhancement Is Specific to Naturally Occurring Temporal Order and the Respiration Phase
Authors: Amano Shogo , Narumi Takuji , Kobayakawa Tatsu , Kobayashi Masayoshi , Tamura Masahiko , Kusakabe Yuko , Wada Yuji
Published: August 2022

Interaction between odor and taste information creates flavor perception. There are many possible determinants of the interaction between odor and taste, one of which may be the somatic sensations associated with breathing. We assumed that a smell stimulus accompanied by inhaling or exhaling enhances taste intensity if the order is congruent with natural drinking. To present an olfactory stimulus from the identical location during inhalation and exhalation, we blocked the gap between the tube presenting the olfactory stimulus and the nostril. Participants breathed and ingested the solution according to the instructions on the screen and evaluated the solution’s taste intensity. Vanilla odor enhanced the sweet taste in both retronasal and orthonasal conditions when the order of stimuli was congruent with natural drinking, but it did not do so in either condition when they were incongruent. The results suggest that breathing is a determinant of odor–taste interaction. The methods of presenting olfactory stimuli used in this study were compared and discussed in relation to those used in previous studies. Odor-induced taste enhancement depends on the time order of smell with breathing and taste congruency in natural drinking. Taste enhancement was induced by odor in both conditions by minimizing differences in odor presentation between them.
Gladiolus alanyensis (Iridaceae), a new species from southern Turkey in the eastern Mediterranean basin
Authors: SAĞIROĞLU MEHMET , TEKŞEN MEHTAP , DUMAN HAYRİ , KARAMAN SEHER , ÇAKIR ECE GÖKÇE
Published: August 2022

Gladiolus alanyensis is described and illustrated as a new species from Alanya, Antalya Province in South Anatolia, Turkey. In this study, the diagnostic morphological features, distribution, habitat and ecological characteristics, and conservation status of the new species are reported. It grows in calcareous areas and is morphologically close to G. anatolicus. Affinities and differences to other species such as G. triphyllus and G. humilis are also commented. Seed micromorphological characteristics of G. alanyensis, G. anatolicus and G. humilis are examined and compared using LM and SEM analyses.
Neodigitodesmium, a novel genus of family Dictyosporiaceae from Sichuan Province, China
Authors: TIAN WENHUI , CHEN YANPENG , MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA SAJEEWA S. N.
Published: August 2022

A fungus within the family Dictyosporiaceae was isolated from submerged-decaying wood in Sichuan Province, China. Combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequence data showed that the species represented a new genus and is described here as Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum gen. et sp. nov. Neodigitodesmium distinct from other genera in the family Dictyosporiaceae based on a hyaline and holoblastic basal connecting conidiogenous cell, conical shaped and smaller with fewer rows (1–4) of conidia. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparison showed that the recently introduced genus Paradictyocheirospora is congeneric with Digitodesmium. Based on these results, Paradictyocheirospora is reduced to synonymy under the older generic name Digitodesmium.
Revisiting the taxonomy of Exacum courtallense (Gentianaceae) and recognizing E. courtallense var. laxiflorum at the species rank
Authors: GEETHAKUMARY M.P. , DEEPU S. , KISSLING J. , PANDURANGAN A.G.
Published: August 2022

Morphological, phenological and ecological evidences support the exclusion of Exacum courtallense var. laxiflorum Gamble (synonym: E. courtallense var. bonaccordense M. Mohanan) from E. courtallense Arn. resulting in the establishment of a new species Exacum laxiflorum (Gamble) Geethakumary, Deepu, Kissling & Pandurangan.
Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov. a new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from Hengduan Mountains, China
Authors: LUO FEN , YOU QINGMIN , YU PAN , WANG QUANXI
Published: August 2022

We describe Frustulia hengduanensis sp. nov., a new species of Frustulia from the Hengduan Mountains in China, based on morphological examinations using light and scanning electron microscopy. Frustulia hengduanensis is characterized by elliptico-lanceolate to rhomboid valves with slightly undulate margins, narrowly rounded and moderately protracted apices, slightly curved longitudinal ribs and raphe, wavy striae along the length of the valve, and an absence of striae within the central part of the valve, forming a dumbbell-shaped hyaline area, this is the main feature that distinguishes the new species from others in the genus. We compared F. hengduanensis sp. nov. with similar taxa and discussed its biogeographical distribution.
New species, Coelogyne sondangii (Orchidaceae), and a new national record, C. moi, in Vietnam
Authors: VO DOAN TRUNG , AVERYANOV LEONID V. , MAISAK TATIANA V. , BUI VAN HUONG , NGUYEN VAN CANH , DANG MINH QUAN , NGUYEN QUOC BAO , TRUONG BA VUONG
Published: August 2022

Coelogyne sondangii is described as a species new for science. It allies to the group of former Panisea species with white flowers, namely C. albiflora, C. demissa, C. yunnanensis, C. panchaseensis, and C. sagittata, but differs from them in big flowers, narrowly spatulate lip with erose margin of lobes and irregularly denticulate column wings. In addition, C. moi is firstly recorded and documented for the flora of Vietnam, as well as new nomenclatural combination, Coelogyne sagittata (T.C.Hsu, H.C.Hung & Luu) Vuong & Aver., is proposed.
The Two Blades of the Scissors: Performance Feedback and Intrinsic Attributes in Organizational Risk Taking
Authors: Sobrepere i Profitós Xavier , Keil Thomas , Kuusela Pasi
Published: August 2022

We draw on the behavioral theory of the firm and prospect theory to examine how performance feedback (decision context) and the characteristics of the alternatives (decision content) that decision makers face jointly determine organizational risk-taking choices. While the behavioral theory of the firm has identified performance feedback’s important role in driving organizational risk-taking decisions, it has not considered the intrinsic attributes of alternatives, specifically the magnitude and likelihood of their outcomes, which have been the focus of prospect theory. We argue that these two attributes play a key role in decision makers’ assessment of alternatives, but because achieving organizational goals is the prime objective in organizations, performance feedback drives how decision makers process information regarding these attributes. Analyzing 23,895 fourth-down decisions from the U.S. National Football League, we find that decision makers weigh attainment discrepancy and the magnitude and likelihood of outcomes in their choices, depending on deadline proximity. Furthermore, the size and valence of attainment discrepancy modify the weight of the magnitude and likelihood of outcomes in risky choices. Our arguments and findings suggest extensions to the behavioral theory of the firm and imply modifications to prospect theory when applied to the organizational context.
Beyond Cheering: Football Fandom as a Form of Human Play
Authors: Lebed Felix , Morgulev Elia
Published: August 2022

Lebed formulated play as “other being,” a unique state of escape from reality. If football fans are also “players” and not just spectators, then their interactions with the club are characterized by play-like behaviors. To test this premise, we delivered questionnaires to 488 respondents who identified themselves as football followers or fans. We revealed that the most emotionally involved fans (“hot”) tend to playful behaviors significantly more than others, whereas less involved fans were more inclined to influence their team’s “life.” The obtained results shed light on additional motivations and priorities of fans, motivations that can be overlooked in literature where fans are being considered as “ordinary” customers. Consequently, this realization may assist decision-makers to address the specific groups of fans with adequately designed strategies.
Serial Neurologic Examination in a Child With Acute Flaccid Weakness
Authors: Gordon Danielle M. , Thakkar Kavita
Published: August 2022

A 5-month-old healthy infant presented with acute flaccid weakness, anisocoria, and urinary retention with clinical suspicion of acute flaccid myelitis versus acute transverse myelitis.
How does the government interact with citizens within an electronic governance system? Selective government responsiveness
Authors: Kyeong Kyuwoong , Ra Hana , Park Jongyoon , Im Tobin
Published: August 2022

Democratic governments, owing to limited resources, have no choice but to respond selectively to citizens’ preferences. This study focuses on the characteristic of selective government responsiveness and explores the influencing factors. We argue that institutional and political resources affect selective government responsiveness, and we try to prove this argument through Korea's electronic governance system: the Korean National Petition. Specifically, this article collects and analyzes a unique data set of petitions and government responses in the system between September 2017 and December 2020. The results from multinomial logistic regression showed that government response to petitions differs depending on institutional resources. In addition, in the case of political resources, the influence of the resources on selective responsiveness is different according to incentives to be responsive.

Points for practitioners

This article reveals that the government shows selective government responsiveness to citizens’ preferences within the electronic governance (e-governance) system according to its resources. This result provides practical lessons for practitioners who are concerned about an e-governance system as a space for communication between the government and citizens. In addition, this article suggests a new direction for scholars by presenting empirical evidence for government responsiveness in governance, which has been primarily conceptually studied because it is difficult to measure directly.
Effect of saltwater on the mechanical properties of basalt/carbon/glass-epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Esleman Esmael A , ÖNAL Gürol
Published: August 2022

The impact of environmental conditions on the mechanical properties of composites is critical for various industries, particularly marine. The paper examines the effect of saltwater conditions on the mechanical properties of basalt, carbon, and glass fibers/epoxy hybrid composites. The composite samples were manufactured using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) and then immersed in saltwater solution before tests. The tests were performed using Instron 8801 with 100 kilonewtons (kN) capacity. The environmental effects on the mechanical properties were supported by the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis of the water. The ICP-OES analysis result shows a transfer of ions from the fiber to the saltwater solution. As a result, the mass gain of all the samples increases with the conditioning period, while the tensile and flexural properties show degradation. Moreover, the hybrid composites show a gradual failure mode compared with non-hybrid composites. In addition, the failure modes and morphological analysis of the failed test samples were presented. Delamination, explosive failure, and fiber breakage characterize the tensile failure mode of basalt/epoxy (BE) and its hybrids. However, the glass/epoxy (GE) and carbon/epoxy (CE) show fractures in two or three sections. In addition, compressive failure, tensile failure, shear failures, delamination, and fiber breakage were detected in the flexural samples.
Artificial Intelligence for Caries Detection: Value of Data and Information
Authors: Schwendicke F. , Cejudo Grano de Oro J. , Garcia Cantu A. , Meyer-Lueckel H. , Chaurasia A. , Krois J.
Published: August 2022

If increasing practitioners’ diagnostic accuracy, medical artificial intelligence (AI) may lead to better treatment decisions at lower costs, while uncertainty remains around the resulting cost-effectiveness. In the present study, we assessed how enlarging the data set used for training an AI for caries detection on bitewings affects cost-effectiveness and also determined the value of information by reducing the uncertainty around other input parameters (namely, the costs of AI and the population’s caries risk profile). We employed a convolutional neural network and trained it on 10%, 25%, 50%, or 100% of a labeled data set containing 29,011 teeth without and 19,760 teeth with caries lesions stemming from bitewing radiographs. We employed an established health economic modeling and analytical framework to quantify cost-effectiveness and value of information. We adopted a mixed public–private payer perspective in German health care; the health outcome was tooth retention years. A Markov model, allowing to follow posterior teeth over the lifetime of an initially 12-y-old individual, and Monte Carlo microsimulations were employed. With an increasing amount of data used to train the AI sensitivity and specificity increased nonlinearly, increasing the data set from 10% to 25% had the largest impact on accuracy and, consequently, cost-effectiveness. In the base-case scenario, AI was more effective (tooth retention for a mean [2.5%–97.5%] 62.8 [59.2–65.5] y) and less costly (378 [284–499] euros) than dentists without AI (60.4 [55.8–64.4] y; 419 [270–593] euros), with considerable uncertainty. The economic value of reducing the uncertainty around AI’s accuracy or costs was limited, while information on the population’s risk profile was more relevant. When developing dental AI, informed choices about the data set size may be recommended, and research toward individualized application of AI for caries detection seems warranted to optimize cost-effectiveness.
Impact of Demographic Characteristics on Workplace Friendship: A Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Wang Zhenyuan , Wang Yan , Zhao Liming
Published: August 2022

Although demographic characteristics are the most analyzed variables in the literature on workplace friendship, their effects on its formation and development remain unclear, owing to conflicting results. To draw generalizable conclusions, this study employed meta-analytical techniques to examine the relationships between employees’ demographic characteristics and their workplace friendship, and investigated whether collectivism and year of data collection moderated this relationship. Seventy-seven empirical pieces of literature and 219 correlations (N = 34,856) were included in the final meta-analysis. Our findings revealed that male employees acquired more workplace friendships than female employees, and that organizational tenure, hierarchical position, and education were positively related to workplace friendships. However, employees’ age and marital status had no significant effect on workplace friendships. Furthermore, the results of the moderating effects analysis suggested that, as collectivism diminished and data collection was delayed, the impact of certain demographic characteristics on workplace friendships became weaker.
Risk Attitudes in Late Adulthood: Do Parenthood Status and Family Size Matter?
Authors: Ho Christine , Teerawichitchainan Bussarawan , Tan Joanne , Lie Tan Eugene Rui
Published: August 2022

How older persons react to high-stakes decisions concerning their finance and healthcare depends a great deal on their orientation towards risk-taking. This study examines the associations between parenthood status, family size, and risk attitudes in late adulthood based on nationally-representative data from the Singapore Life Panel. Multivariate analyses are employed to estimate how older adults’ willingness to take risks in the general, financial, and health domains varies by gender and among childless individuals and parents of different family size. Older mothers are found to be less risk tolerant than their childless counterparts across the three risk domains. Conversely, mothers with more children demonstrate greater risk tolerance than mothers with fewer children. We find no evidence that older men’s risk attitudes vary by parenthood status and family size. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding individual and societal well-being in the context of rapid fertility decline and population aging.