bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manganelli, o dell´ironia: a proposito di Hilarotragoedia
Authors: Lombardi Andrea
Published: July 2016

Seguindo um percurso retroativo, são identificadas três leituras, entre infinitas outras possíveis, deste romance republicado nos anos oitenta, mas com raízes no experimentalismo dos anos sessenta: a intertextualidade, a ironia e a mentira. Como a Comédia divina, a tragédia hilária representa um oxímoro, emblemático e auto-referencial da literatura.
Le pietre di Pantalica de Vincenzo Consolo
Authors: Amoroso Maria Betânia
Published: July 2016

Le Pietre di Pantalica de Vincenzo Consolo foi interpretado como uma reflexão literária sobre a origem e condição da cultura e existência humana, comum a escritores que tem a Sicília como esse espaço original.
A nau do adeus
Authors: Amicis Edmondo De
Published: July 2016

O trecho proposto foi extraído de Sull´oceano (1890), um clássico sobre a emigração italiana.
Mamma mia, dammi cento lire che in America voglio andar
Authors: Fabris Mariarosaria
Published: July 2016

Breve panorama da emigração italiana para o Brasil.
A crítica modernista à cultura do ecletismo
Authors: Fabris Annateresa
Published: July 2016

Apresentação do ecletismo como expressão arquitetônica da burguesia ascendente, símbolo da modernização do País, contra o qual se posicionam os modernistas, em busca de um estilo nacional.
O paisagismo: contribuições italianas à visão brasileira
Authors: Tarasantchi Ruth Sprung
Published: July 2016

Presença de artistas italianos em São Paulo na virada do século e sua contribuição à pintura brasileira.
Roma, 16 de outubro de 1943
Authors: Fabris Mariarosaria
Published: July 2016

Relato de dois autores sobre a razia nazista no gueto de Roma em 1943.
Um encenador judeu no teatro da Renascença italiana
Authors: Guinsburg Jacó
Published: July 2016

Itinerário da vida e da obra do escritor judeu Leone de´Sommi.
Ebraismo e psicanalisi: uno scritto sul ghetto di Trieste di Umberto Saba
Authors: Lombardi Andrea
Published: July 2016

A figura do poeta triestino Umberto Sabá é vista à luz de sua dupla ligação: a origem judaica (que motiva a escolha do pseudônimo hebraico) e seu vínculo com a psicanálise, que marca sua biografia e constitui uma natural chave de leitura de sua produção poética.
Exílios cotidianos
Authors: Toschi Maria do Rosário
Published: July 2016

O texto procura demonstrar como, através da autobiografia do exílio, Natalia Ginzburg lida com extrema sensibilidade tanto com fatos da vida cotidiano, como com a dramaticidade do período da Segunda Guerra. Ao eleger temas como a solidão, a morte, o amor, Natalia desperta em nós as vicissitudes às quais todos estamos submetidos.
Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in a Dutch Middle-Aged and Elderly Population
Authors: Praagman Jaike , de Jonge Ester A.L. , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C. , Beulens Joline W.J. , Sluijs Ivonne , Schoufour Josje D. , Hofman Albert , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Franco Oscar H.
Published: July 2016

Objective—

We assessed whether the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) depends on the food source, the carbon chain length of SFA, and the substituting macronutrient.

Approach and Results—

From the Rotterdam Study, 4722 men and women (≥55 years) were included. Baseline (1990–1993) SFA intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. CHD (nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD) was ascertained by medical records. Using multivariable Cox regression analysis, we calculated CHD risks for higher intakes of total SFA, SFA from specific food sources, SFA differing in carbon chain length, and substituting other macronutrients instead of SFA. During a median follow-up of 16.3 years, 659 CHD events occurred. Total SFA intake was not associated with CHD risk (hazard ratio [HR] per 5 en%, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.22), and neither was SFA from specific food sources. A higher CHD risk was observed for palmitic acid (16:0) intake (HR
SD
, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.15) but not for SFA with other chain lengths. Except for a higher CHD risk for substitution of SFA with animal protein (HR
5en%
, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.51), substitution with other macronutrients was not associated with CHD.

Conclusions—

In this Dutch population, we observed that a higher intake of palmitic acid, which accounts for ≈50% of the total SFA intake, was associated with a higher CHD risk, as was substitution of total SFA with animal protein. Nevertheless, we found no association between total SFA intake and CHD risk, which did not differ by food source.
Lipoprotein Apheresis for Lipoprotein(a)-Associated Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Roeseler Eberhard , Julius Ulrich , Heigl Franz , Spitthoever Ralf , Heutling Dennis , Breitenberger Paul , Leebmann Josef , Lehmacher Walter , Kamstrup Pia R. , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Maerz Winfried , Noureen Asma , Schmidt Konrad , Kronenberg Florian , Heibges Andreas , Klingel Reinhard , Schettler Volker , Benzing Thomas , Christ Hildegard , Wehner Sabine , Schulz-Merkel Ines , Kuehn Ralf , Wagner Albrecht , Dschietzig Wilfried , Ernst Claudia , Koziolek Michael , Bunia Johannes , Kulzer Peter , Kraenzle Klaus-Dieter , Toelle Markus , Riechers Gerhard , Kuehnel Christine , Marsen Tobias , Saehn Christina , Ringel Jens , Messner Harald , Oehring Andreas , Schuerfeld Carsten , Wintergalen Michael , Schettler Volker , Neumann Falko , Kaul Harald , Haesner Martin , Passfall Juergen , Benschneider Andrea , Heidenreich Stefan , März Winfried , Klaes Ruediger , Binner Priska , Dieplinger Hans , Erhart Gertraud , Fassbender Cordula , Christ Hildegard
Published: July 2016

Objective—

Lipoprotein(a)-hyperlipoproteinemia (Lp(a)-HLP) along with progressive cardiovascular disease has been approved as indication for regular lipoprotein apheresis (LA) in Germany since 2008. We aimed to study the long-term preventive effect of LA and to assess hypothetical clinical correlations of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) by analyzing genotypes and phenotypes.

Approach and Results—

This prospective observational multicenter study included 170 patients with Lp(a)-HLP and progressive cardiovascular disease (48.9 years median age at diagnosis) despite other cardiovascular risk factors, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had maximally been treated (mean baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: measured, 2.56 mmol/L [98.9 mg/dL] and corrected, 1.72 mmol/L [66.3 mg/dL]). Patients were prospectively investigated during a 5-year period about annual incidence rates of cardiovascular events. In addition, apo(a) isoforms and polymorphisms at the apo(a) gene (
LPA
) were characterized. One hundred fifty-four patients (90.6%) completed 5 years of follow-up. Mean Lp(a) concentration before commencing regular LA was 108.1 mg/dL. This was reduced by a single LA treatment by 68.1% on average. Significant decline of the mean annual cardiovascular event rate was observed from 0.58±0.53 2 years before regular LA to 0.11±0.15 thereafter (
P
<0.0001); 95.3% of patients expressed at least 1 small apo(a) isoform. Small apo(a) isoform (35.2%) carrying phenotypes were not tagged by single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs10455872 or rs3798220.

Conclusions—

Results of 5 years of prospective follow-up confirm that LA has a lasting effect on prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with Lp(a)-HLP. Patients clinically selected by progressive cardiovascular disease were characterized by a highly frequent expression of small apo(a) isoforms. Only Lp(a) concentration seemed to comprehensively reflect Lp(a)-associated cardiovascular risk, however.
Monocyte Adhesion and Plaque Recruitment During Atherosclerosis Development Is Regulated by the Adapter Protein Chat-H/SHEP1
Authors: Herbin Olivier , Regelmann Adam G. , Ramkhelawon Bhama , Weinstein Erica G. , Moore Kathryn J. , Alexandropoulos Konstantina
Published: July 2016

Objective—

The chronic inflammation associated with atherosclerosis is caused by lipid deposition followed by leukocyte recruitment to the arterial wall. We previously showed that the hematopoietic cell–specific adaptor protein Cas- and Hef1-associated signal transducer hematopoietic isoform (Chat-H)/SHEP1 regulated lymphocyte adhesion and migration. In this study, we analyzed the role of Chat-H in atherosclerosis development.

Approach and Results—

Using Chat-H–deficient bone marrow transplantation in low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient mice, we found that Chat-H regulated atherosclerotic plaque formation. Chat-H deficiency in hematopoietic cells associated with lower plaque complexity and fewer leukocytes in the lesions, whereas myeloid-specific deletion of Chat-H was sufficient for conferring atheroprotection. Chat-H deficiency resulted in reduced recruitment of classical Ly6c
high
and nonclassical Ly6c
low
monocytes to the plaques, which was accompanied by increased numbers of both monocyte subsets in the blood. This associated with defective adhesion of Chat-H–deficient Ly6c
high
and Ly6c
low
monocytes to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vitro and impaired infiltration of fluorescent bead–loaded monocytes to atherosclerotic plaques. In contrast, Chat-H was dispensable for CX3CL1 and CCR1/CCR5-dependent migration of monocytes.

Conclusions—

Our findings highlight Chat-H as a key protein that regulates atherosclerosis development by controlling monocyte adhesion and recruitment to the plaques and identify a novel target that may be exploited for treating atherosclerosis.
Genotype-Dependent Effects of Dalcetrapib on Cholesterol Efflux and Inflammation
Authors: Tardif Jean-Claude , Rhainds David , Brodeur Mathieu , Feroz Zada Yassamin , Fouodjio René , Provost Sylvie , Boulé Marie , Alem Sonia , Grégoire Jean C. , L’Allier Philippe L. , Ibrahim Reda , Guertin Marie-Claude , Mongrain Ian , Olsson Anders G. , Schwartz Gregory G. , Rhéaume Eric , Dubé Marie-Pierre
Published: July 2016

Background—

Dalcetrapib effects on cardiovascular outcomes are determined by adenylate cyclase 9 gene polymorphisms. Our aim was to determine whether these clinical end point results are also associated with changes in reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation.

Methods and Results—

Participants of the dal-OUTCOMES and dal-PLAQUE-2 trials were randomly assigned to receive dalcetrapib or placebo in addition to standard care. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured at baseline and at end of study in 5243 patients from dal-OUTCOMES also genotyped for the rs1967309 polymorphism in adenylate cyclase 9. Cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoproteins from J774 macrophages after cAMP stimulation was determined at baseline and 12 months in 171 genotyped patients from dal-PLAQUE-2. Treatment with dalcetrapib resulted in placebo-adjusted geometric mean percent increases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein from baseline to end of trial of 18.1% (
P
=0.0009) and 18.7% (
P
=0.00001) in participants with the GG and AG genotypes, respectively, but the change was −1.0% (
P
=0.89) in those with the protective AA genotype. There was an interaction between the treatment arm and the genotype groups (
P
=0.02). Although the mean change in cholesterol efflux was similar among study arms in patients with GG genotype (mean: 7.8% and 7.4%), increases were 22.3% and 3.5% with dalcetrapib and placebo for those with AA genotype (
P
=0.005). There was a significant genetic effect for change in efflux for dalcetrapib (
P
=0.02), but not with placebo.

Conclusions—

Genotype-dependent effects on C-reactive protein and cholesterol efflux are supportive of dalcetrapib benefits on atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in patients with the AA genotype at polymorphism rs1967309.

Clinical Trials Registration—

ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique Identifiers: NCT00658515 and NCT01059682.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Lindsay Alistair C. , Harron Katie , Jabbour Richard J. , Kanyal Ritesh , Snow Thomas M. , Sawhney Paramvir , Alpendurada Francisco , Roughton Michael , Pennell Dudley J. , Duncan Alison , Di Mario Carlo , Davies Simon W. , Mohiaddin Raad H. , Moat Neil E.
Published: July 2016

Background—

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can provide important structural information in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Although CMR is considered the standard of reference for measuring ventricular volumes and mass, the relationship between CMR findings of right ventricular (RV) function and outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation has not previously been reported.

Methods and Results—

A total of 190 patients underwent 1.5 Tesla CMR before transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Steady-state free precession sequences were used for aortic valve planimetry and to assess ventricular volumes and mass. Semiautomated image analysis was performed by 2 specialist reviewers blinded to patient treatment. Patient follow-up was obtained from the Office of National Statistics mortality database. The median age was 81.0 (interquartile range, 74.9–85.5) years; 50.0% were women. Impaired RV function (RV ejection fraction ≤50%) was present in 45 (23.7%) patients. Patients with RV dysfunction had poorer left ventricular ejection fractions (42% versus 69%), higher indexed left ventricular end-systolic volumes (96 versus 40 mL), and greater indexed left ventricular mass (101 versus 85 g/m
2
;
P
<0.01 for all) than those with normal RV function. Median follow-up was 850 days; 21 of 45 (46.7%) patients with RV dysfunction died, compared with 43 of 145 (29.7%) patients with normal RV function (
P
=0.035). After adjustment for significant baseline variables, both RV ejection fraction ≤50% (hazard ratio, 2.12;
P
=0.017) and indexed aortic valve area (hazard ratio, 4.16;
P
=0.025) were independently associated with survival.

Conclusions—

RV function, measured on preprocedural CMR, is an independent predictor of mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. CMR assessment of RV function may be important in the risk stratification of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Metformin Irrespective of Diabetes Status
Authors: Cameron Amy R. , Morrison Vicky L. , Levin Daniel , Mohan Mohapradeep , Forteath Calum , Beall Craig , McNeilly Alison D. , Balfour David J.K. , Savinko Terhi , Wong Aaron K.F. , Viollet Benoit , Sakamoto Kei , Fagerholm Susanna C. , Foretz Marc , Lang Chim C. , Rena Graham
Published: July 2016

Rationale:

The diabetes mellitus drug metformin is under investigation in cardiovascular disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying possible benefits are poorly understood.

Objective:

Here, we have studied anti-inflammatory effects of the drug and their relationship to antihyperglycemic properties.

Methods and Results:

In primary hepatocytes from healthy animals, metformin and the IKKβ (inhibitor of kappa B kinase) inhibitor BI605906 both inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α–dependent IκB degradation and expression of proinflammatory mediators interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and CXCL1/2 (C-X-C motif ligand 1/2). Metformin suppressed IKKα/β activation, an effect that could be separated from some metabolic actions, in that BI605906 did not mimic effects of metformin on lipogenic gene expression, glucose production, and AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Equally AMP-activated protein kinase was not required either for mitochondrial suppression of IκB degradation. Consistent with discrete anti-inflammatory actions, in macrophages, metformin specifically blunted secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, without inhibiting M1/M2 differentiation or activation. In a large treatment naive diabetes mellitus population cohort, we observed differences in the systemic inflammation marker, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, after incident treatment with either metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy. Compared with sulfonylurea exposure, metformin reduced the mean log-transformed neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio after 8 to 16 months by 0.09 U (95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.17;
P
=0.013) and increased the likelihood that neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio would be lower than baseline after 8 to 16 months (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–2.75;
P
=0.00364). Following up these findings in a double-blind placebo controlled trial in nondiabetic heart failure (trial registration: NCT00473876), metformin suppressed plasma cytokines including the aging-associated cytokine CCL11 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 11).

Conclusion:

We conclude that anti-inflammatory properties of metformin are exerted irrespective of diabetes mellitus status. This may accelerate investigation of drug utility in nondiabetic cardiovascular disease groups.

Clinical Trial Registration:

Name of the trial registry: TAYSIDE trial (Metformin in Insulin Resistant Left Ventricular [LV] Dysfunction). URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00473876.
Prestroke Vascular Pathology and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Poststroke Dementia
Authors: Portegies Marileen L.P. , Wolters Frank J. , Hofman Albert , Ikram M. Kamran , Koudstaal Peter J. , Ikram M. Arfan
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—

Improved short-term survival after stroke has necessitated quantifying risk and risk factors of long-term sequelae after stroke (ie, recurrent stroke and dementia). This risk may be influenced by exposure to cardiovascular risk factors before the initial stroke. Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, we determined the long-term risk of recurrent stroke and dementia, and the proportion of recurrent strokes and poststroke dementia cases that are attributable to prestroke cardiovascular risk factors (ie, the population attributable risk).

Methods—

We followed up 1237 patients with first-ever stroke and 4928 stroke-free participants, matched on age, sex, examination round, and stroke date (index date), for the occurrence of stroke or dementia. We calculated incidence rates in both groups and estimated the individual and combined population attributable risk of prestroke cardiovascular risk factors for both outcomes.

Results—

Beyond 1 year after stroke, patients retained a 3-fold increased risk of recurrent stroke and an almost 2-fold increased risk of dementia compared with people without stroke. In total, 39% (95% confidence interval, 18%–66%) of recurrent strokes and 10% (95% confidence interval, 0%–91%) of poststroke dementia cases were attributable to prestroke cardiovascular risk factors. These percentages were similar for first-ever stroke and dementia in the matched stroke-free population.

Conclusions—

Long-term risks of recurrent stroke and poststroke dementia remain high and are substantially influenced by prestroke risk factors, emphasizing the need for optimizing primary prevention.
Governing Oligopolies: Global Regimes and Market Structure
Authors: Ovodenko Alexander
Published: July 2016

Historically, governments have adopted legalized, integrated, and global rules to govern oligopolistic industries, such as shipping, chemicals, and industrial production. By contrast, they have adopted nonbinding and unintegrated rules and institutions to govern competitive industries, such as energy, agriculture, and mining, at the national or subnational scale. Considering that competitive producers face greater barriers to political collective action, what explains the form of global governance across these sectors? This article demonstrates that oligopolistic producers are more intensively and extensively regulated than competitive markets because producers in oligopolistic industries can more cost-effectively alter markets to meet environmental goals. Therefore, despite their political influence, oligopolies are regularly called upon to initiate and sustain market transformation on a global scale. New qualitative evidence from two treaty regimes governing different types of markets supports this theory, as well as new quantitative data on the full range of global environmental treaty regimes since World War II.
Decompositional Representation of Morphological Complexity: Multivariate fMRI Evidence from Italian
Authors: Carota Francesca , Bozic Mirjana , Marslen-Wilson William
Published: July 2016

Derivational morphology is a cross-linguistically dominant mechanism for word formation, combining existing words with derivational affixes to create new word forms. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the representation and processing of such forms remain unclear. Recent cross-linguistic neuroimaging research suggests that derived words are stored and accessed as whole forms, without engaging the left-hemisphere perisylvian network associated with combinatorial processing of syntactically and inflectionally complex forms. Using fMRI with a “simple listening” no-task procedure, we reexamine these suggestions in the context of the root-based combinatorially rich Italian lexicon to clarify the role of semantic transparency (between the derived form and its stem) and affix productivity in determining whether derived forms are decompositionally represented and which neural systems are involved. Combined univariate and multivariate analyses reveal a key role for semantic transparency, modulated by affix productivity. Opaque forms show strong cohort competition effects, especially for words with nonproductive suffixes (ventura, “destiny”). The bilateral frontotemporal activity associated with these effects indicates that opaque derived words are processed as whole forms in the bihemispheric language system. Semantically transparent words with productive affixes (libreria, “bookshop”) showed no effects of lexical competition, suggesting morphologically structured co-representation of these derived forms and their stems, whereas transparent forms with nonproductive affixes (pineta, pine forest) show intermediate effects. Further multivariate analyses of the transparent derived forms revealed affix productivity effects selectively involving left inferior frontal regions, suggesting that the combinatorial and decompositional processes triggered by such forms can vary significantly across languages.
Morphological variations among populations of Monochoria vaginalis s.l. (Pontederiaceae) in Thailand
Authors: TUNGMUNNITHUM DUANGJAI , BOONKERD THAWEESAKDI , ZUNGSONTIPORN SIRIPORN , TANAKA NORIO
Published: July 2016

Monochoria vaginalis s.l. is an annual aquatic herb belonging to the family Pontederiaceae and having an extensive distribution in tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. The taxon is extremely variable and morphologically complicated. In Thailand, it is recognized as a monotypic species but displays great variations not only in vegetative but also in reproductive structures. Because of these variations, its taxonomic status and species boundary remain uncertain. Morphological investigation was conducted on 244 living specimens of M. vaginalis s.l. covering the current distribution in Thailand together with a detailed observation of 80 herbarium specimens. The holotype of M. vaginalis var. angustifolia and its related specimens were also re-examined. The present study points out that M. vaginalis can be separated into 2 morphological forms: based on leaf shapes, leaf base, number of flowers/raceme, flower arrangements, seed shapes and its longitudinal ridges. Furthermore, the living specimens were used for two cluster and one canonical discriminant analyses in a phenetic study to collect additional data for new taxonomic insights. A total of 22 quantitative and 12 qualitative characters were employed. The first cluster analysis using only quantitative characters and the second cluster analysis using both quantitative and qualitative characters displayed the same trends. The specimens separated into two distinct groups. Likewise, canonical discriminant analysis also indicated that there were two groups. The two groups can be distinguished by the petiole length of floral-leaf and peduncle length. In conclusion, the results from morphological and phenetic studies support the segregation of M. vaginalis s.l. in Thailand into two taxa.
Rediscovery of the 220-year-old holotype of the Banded Iguana, Brachylophus fasciatus (Brongniart, 1800) in the Paris Natural History Museum
Authors: INEICH IVAN , FISHER ROBERT N.
Published: July 2016

The Paris Natural History Museum herpetological collection (MNHN-RA) has seven historical specimens of Brachylophus spp. collected late in the 18th and early in the 19th centuries. Brachylophus fasciatus was described in 1800 by Brongniart but its type was subsequently considered as lost and never present in MNHN-RA collections. We found that 220 year old holotype among existing collections, registered without any data, and we show that it was donated to MNHN-RA from Brongniart’s private collection after his death in 1847. It was registered in the catalogue of 1851 but without any data or reference to its type status. According to the coloration (uncommon midbody saddle-like dorsal banding pattern) and morphometric data given in its original description and in the subsequent examination of the type in 1802 by Daudin and in 1805 by Brongniart we found that lost holotype in the collections. Another MNHN-RA specimen has Horn Islands (Wallis and Futuna) as the collection location but we show that most of the collections given to MNHN-RA by its collector, Louis Arnoux, have mixed localities in the MNHN-RA catalogues. We thus conclude that the locality is wrong and that the species never inhabited those islands located west of Western Samoa and north-east of Fiji.
Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Aeroppia (Acari, Oribatida, Oppiidae)
Authors: ERMILOV SERGEY G.
Published: July 2016

Two new species of the genus Aeroppia (Oribatida, Oppiidae) are described from upper soil and leaf litter in the primary evergreen lowland rainforest in Peru. Aeroppia friedrichi sp. nov. differs from A. nasalis Mahunka, 1984 by the absence of striate ornamentation on the notogaster and notogastral setae h1, and the presence of setiform adanal setae ad1. Aeroppia longisensilla sp. nov. differs from A. adjacens Mahunka, 1985 by the smaller body size and long bothridial setae. The supplementary descriptions of Aeroppia consimilis (Banks, 1910) and A. magnipilosa (Ewing, 1909) are presented, based on material from U.S.A. A new generic diagnosis for Aeroppia is given. The taxonomic status of the subgenus Aeroppia (Paraeroppia) Sanyal, 2009 is discussed, resulting in the following taxonomic proposal: Aeroppia Hammer, 1961 (=Aeroppia (Paraeroppia) Sanyal, 2009 syn. nov.)
Two new species and new records of Stilicoderus Sharp from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae)
Authors: YU TING-TING , HU JIA-YAO , PAN ZHAO-HUI
Published: July 2016

Two new species of the genus Stilicoderus Sharp, 1889 from China are described and illustrated: S. maolini sp. nov. (Jiangxi, Hunan) of the S. variolosus group and S. chengrani sp. nov. (Xizang) of the S. signatus group. Additional records of eleven described species of Stilicoderus are given.
Orographic Influence on Basic Flow and Cyclone Circulation and Their Impacts on Track Deflection of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Lin Yuh-Lang , Chen Shu-Hua , Liu Liping
Published: July 2016

A series of idealized numerical experiments and vorticity budget analyses is performed to examine several mechanisms proposed in previous studies to help understand the orographic influence on track deflection over a mesoscale mountain range. When an idealized tropical cyclone (TC) is embedded in a uniform, easterly flow and passes over a mountain with a moderate Froude number, it is deflected to the south upstream, moves over the mountain anticyclonically, and then resumes its westward movement. The vorticity budget analysis indicates that the TC movement can be predicted by the maximum vorticity tendency (VT). The orographic effects on the above TC track deflection are explained by the following: 1) Upstream of the mountain, the easterly basic flow is decelerated as a result of orographic blocking that causes the flow to become subgeostrophic, which advects the TC to the southwest, analogous to the advection of a point vortex embedded in a flow. The VT is primarily dominated by the horizontal vorticity advection. 2) The TC passes over the mountain anticyclonically, mainly steered by the orographically generated high pressure. This makes the TC move southwestward (northwestward) over the upslope (lee slope). The VT is mainly contributed by the horizontal vorticity advection with additional contributions from vorticity stretching and the residual term (which includes friction and subgrid turbulence mixing). 3) Over the lee slope and downstream of the mountain, the northwestward movement is enhanced by asymmetric diabatic heating, making the turning more abrupt. 4) Far downstream of the mountain, the VT is mainly contributed by the horizontal vorticity advection.
Quantifying Agulhas Leakage in a High-Resolution Climate Model
Authors: Cheng Yu , Putrasahan Dian , Beal Lisa , Kirtman Ben
Published: July 2016

The leakage of warm and salty water from the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas system into the South Atlantic may play a critical role in climate variability by modulating the buoyancy fluxes associated with the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). New climate models, such as the Community Climate System Model, version 3.5 (CCSM3.5), are now able to resolve the Agulhas retroflection and constrain the inertially choked Agulhas leakage to more realistic values. These ocean-eddy-resolving climate models are poised to bolster understanding of the sensitivity and influence of Agulhas leakage in the coupled climate system. Here, a strategy is devised to quantify Agulhas leakage in CCSM3.5 by applying an offline Lagrangian particle-tracking approach, finding a mean interbasin transport of 11.2 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). It is shown that monthly mean outputs can be used to produce a reliable time series of Agulhas leakage variability on longer-than-seasonal time scales (correlation coefficient r = 0.88; p < 0.01) by comparing to a parallel simulation that archives daily mean fields every 5 days. The results show that Agulhas leakage variability at longer-than-seasonal time scales is less sensitive to the temporal resolution of the velocity fields than is the mean leakage transport.
Modulation of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations over the Western North Pacific by ENSO
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Tim , Wang Hui , Deng Li , Zhang Yuanwen
Published: July 2016

The authors investigate the effects of El Niño and La Niña on the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the boreal summer (May–October) over the western North Pacific (WNP). It is found that during El Niño summers, the ISO is dominated by a higher-frequency oscillation with a period of around 20–40 days, whereas during La Niña summers the ISO is dominated by a lower-frequency period of around 40–70 days. The former is characterized by northwestward-propagating convection anomalies in the WNP, and the latter is characterized by northward- and eastward-propagating convective signals over the tropical Indian Ocean/Maritime Continent. The possible mechanisms through which El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-induced background mean state changes influence the ISO behavior are examined through idealized numerical experiments. It is found that enhanced (weakened) mean moisture and easterly (westerly) vertical wind shear in the WNP during El Niño (La Niña) are the main causes of the strengthened (weakened) 20–40-day northwestward-propagating ISO mode, whereas the 40–70-day ISO initiated from the Indian Ocean can only affect the WNP during La Niña years because the dry (moist) background moisture near the Maritime Continent during El Niño (La Niña) suppresses (enhances) the ISO over the Maritime Continent, and the ISO propagates less over the Maritime Continent during El Niño years than in La Niña years.
Best Practices for Postprocessing Ensemble Climate Forecasts. Part I: Selecting Appropriate Recalibration Methods
Authors: Sansom Philip G. , Ferro Christopher A. T. , Stephenson David B. , Goddard Lisa , Mason Simon J.
Published: July 2016

This study describes a systematic approach to selecting optimal statistical recalibration methods and hindcast designs for producing reliable probability forecasts on seasonal-to-decadal time scales. A new recalibration method is introduced that includes adjustments for both unconditional and conditional biases in the mean and variance of the forecast distribution and linear time-dependent bias in the mean. The complexity of the recalibration can be systematically varied by restricting the parameters. Simple recalibration methods may outperform more complex ones given limited training data. A new cross-validation methodology is proposed that allows the comparison of multiple recalibration methods and varying training periods using limited data.

Part I considers the effect on forecast skill of varying the recalibration complexity and training period length. The interaction between these factors is analyzed for gridbox forecasts of annual mean near-surface temperature from the CanCM4 model. Recalibration methods that include conditional adjustment of the ensemble mean outperform simple bias correction by issuing climatological forecasts where the model has limited skill. Trend-adjusted forecasts outperform forecasts without trend adjustment at almost 75% of grid boxes. The optimal training period is around 30 yr for trend-adjusted forecasts and around 15 yr otherwise. The optimal training period is strongly related to the length of the optimal climatology. Longer training periods may increase overall performance but at the expense of very poor forecasts where skill is limited.
Climatological Annual Cycle of the Salinity Budgets of the Subtropical Maxima
Authors: Johnson Benjamin K. , Bryan Frank O. , Grodsky Semyon A. , Carton James A.
Published: July 2016

Six subtropical salinity maxima (Smax) exist: two each in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean basins. The north Indian (NI) Smax lies in the Arabian Sea while the remaining five lie in the open ocean. The annual cycle of evaporation minus precipitation (E − P) flux over the Smax is asymmetric about the equator. Over the Northern Hemisphere Smax, the semiannual harmonic is dominant (peaking in local summer and winter), while over the Southern Hemisphere Smax, the annual harmonic is dominant (peaking in local winter). Regardless, the surface layer salinity for all six Smax reaches a maximum in local fall and minimum in local spring. This study uses a multidecade integration of an eddy-resolving ocean circulation model to compute salinity budgets for each of the six Smax. The NI Smax budget is dominated by eddy advection related to the evolution of the seasonal monsoon. The five open-ocean Smax budgets reveal a common annual cycle of vertical diffusive fluxes that peak in winter. These Smax have regions on their eastward and poleward edges in which the vertical salinity gradient is destabilizing. These destabilizing gradients, in conjunction with wintertime surface cooling, generate a gradually deepening wintertime mixed layer. The vertical salinity gradient sharpens at the base of the mixed layer, making the water column susceptible to salt finger convection and enhancing vertical diffusive salinity fluxes out of the Smax into the ocean interior. This process is also observed in Argo float profiles and is related to the formation regions of subtropical mode waters.
Frelimo's Socialism in the 1980s
Authors: Serapiao Luis B.
Published: July 2016

This article emphasizes that contrary to earlier statements by Frelimo's leadership, which virtually condemned moderation and realism, Frelimo now accepts moderation and realism as guidelines for domestic and foreign policies. This attitude will be interpreted also as a modification of Frelimo's approach to socialism. The main variables in the article will be the concept of “new man” in the post-colonial state in Mozambique, nationalization and its meaning, the theory of non-alignment in Frelimo's politics, and Mozambique internationalism.
Contention, consensus, and memories of communism: Comparing Czech and Slovak memory politics in public spaces, 1993–2012
Authors: Tomczuk Sara Jean
Published: July 2016

Memorial spaces can reinforce consensus or deepen conflict over the past. Memories of communism in Europe are particularly fraught mnemonic landscapes. Although they experienced the communist regime as a single country, Czechs and Slovaks now manifest very different political memories in public spaces with different levels of contention surrounding them. Through a media analysis (1993–2012) of events surrounding the 12 memorials addressing the communist past in the capital cities of Prague and Bratislava, this study generates a theory of differing levels of contention between societies with similar ‘difficult’ pasts. The Czech case is characterized by official and unofficial actors, who are cooperative or noncooperative, presenting often competing versions of the past through an individualistic, human rights-focused mnemonic frame. Slovak memory politics are less contentious, dominated by official memory actors, and interpreted through religion and nationalism. The collective memory literature lacks a way to understand when contention is more or less expected over a problematic past. I propose that when official memory actors privilege an individualistic mnemonic frame, contention becomes likely through the interpretations of unofficial memory actors, while a more collectivistic frame results in less contentious memory politics. In other words, the variation in mnemonic frame helps to explain why unofficial actors sometimes contest official representations of the past and other times leave them unchallenged.
Attempted suicide by snake bite: A case study
Authors: Mallik Subhendu , Singh Sudipta Ranjan , Mohanty Manoj Kumar , Padhy Niranjan
Published: July 2016

Snake bite is an important public health issue in India and is almost always accidental in manner. Suicide by snake bite or injection of snake venom is extremely rare. Suicidal ideation and behavior is known to be influenced by various socio-economic and psychological factors. The method employed for suicide is also influenced by the occupation of the victim. We report a case where a snake charmer had attempted suicide by inflicting a bite by a monocled cobra.
Association Between Attitude Toward Death and Completion of Advance Directives
Authors: Lynn Theresa , Curtis Amy , Lagerwey Mary D.
Published: July 2016

Advance directives provide health-care instruction for incapacitated individuals and authorize who may make health-care decisions for that individual. Identified factors do not explain all variance related to advance directive completion. This study was an analysis of an association between advance directive completion and death attitudes. Surveys that included the Death Attitude Profile—Revised were completed anonymously. Comparisons of means, chi-square, and logistic regression tests were conducted. Among individuals who did not consider themselves religious, the mean death avoidance attitude scores differed significantly among those with advance directives (mean = 1.93) and those without (mean = 4.05) as did the mean approach acceptance attitude scores of those with advance directives (mean = 5.73) and those without (mean = 3.71). Among individuals who do consider themselves religious, the mean escape acceptance attitude scores differed significantly among those with advance directives (mean = 5.11) and those without (mean = 4.15). The complicated relationships among religiosity, advance directives, and death attitudes warrant further study.
Late-Life Bereavement
Authors: Mercan Murat Anil , Barlin Hande , Cebeci Ali F.
Published: July 2016

Healthy aging is critical for the elderly to be independent and enjoy at least a satisfactory quality of life. However, late-life bereavement threatens healthy aging, as it may lead to adverse health effects. Using data from the Health and Retirement Survey, this study investigates the relationship between weight—specifically, body mass index (BMI)—and the loss of a parent, sibling, or spouse at an older age. It is the first attempt to investigate this relationship among the elderly population in the United States and makes the following notable contributions to the literature: (a) use of a large longitudinal dataset, (b) estimation of the effects of a familial death on a person’s BMI, and (c) investigation of the consequences of the bereavement for older people. Our results suggest that losing a family member at an older age results in a decrease in BMI.
Comparing Facilitator Priorities of Suicide Survivor Support Groups
Authors: Feigelman William , Feigelman Beverly , Kawashima Daisuke , Shiraga Keisuke , Kawano Kenji
Published: July 2016

A total of 56 Japanese and 59 American survivor of suicide support group facilitators were asked to rank the mutual aid objectives of their groups following Shulman’s scheme in terms of their frequency and importance. Both American and Japanese facilitators showed an emphasis on personal adaptation goals (such as helping bereaved feel less isolated in their grief or encouraging bereaved to share their coping with loss experiences) over collective goals (such as raising monies for more research on mental illness or trying to combat societal suicide stigma in their local communities). Differences were also noted with American facilitators evaluating helping with problem solving, sharing different ways of coping, viewing personal issues as societal problems, and advocating for promoting social change as significantly higher than the Japanese did. We believe some of these contrasts reflect differences in American and Japanese cultural values.
In What Ways Do Bereaved Parents After Terror Go on With Their Lives, and What Seems to Inhibit or Promote Adaptation During Their Grieving Process? A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dyregrov Kari , Dyregrov Atle , Kristensen Pål
Published: July 2016

The aim of this article was to identify the ways in which bereaved parents go on with their lives following terror killings and to discuss what appears to inhibit or promote adaptation during their grieving process. The results of the study are aimed at presenting advice to professional helpers. From 22 in-depth interviews with parents bereaved by the 2011 terror attack in Norway, four main themes concerning coping were identified: (a) decisions, mindsets, and cognitions; (b) proactive and confronting activities; (c) avoidant and protective activities; (d) coping through support and assistance. A variety of coping strategies were employed: avoidance, protection and distraction, adaptive and maladaptive rumination, thought control, and confrontation. Most parents used several strategies to varying degrees and interchangeably over time, likely more or less adaptive and functional. The importance of helping the bereaved flexibly regulate the oscillation between loss-oriented and restoration-orientated life-tasks is emphasized for helping them cope effectively.
Emotion Knowledge and Attentional Differences in Preschoolers Showing Context-Inappropriate Anger
Authors: Locke Robin L. , Lang Nichole J.
Published: July 2016

Some children show anger inappropriate for the situation based on the predominant incentives, which is called context-inappropriate anger. Children need to attend to and interpret situational incentives for appropriate emotional responses. We examined associations of context-inappropriate anger with emotion recognition and attention problems in 43 preschoolers (42% male; M age = 55.1 months, SD = 4.1). Parents rated context-inappropriate anger across situations. Teachers rated attention problems using the Child Behavior Checklist-Teacher Report Form. Emotion recognition was ability to recognize emotional faces using the Emotion Matching Test. Anger perception bias was indicated by anger to non-anger situations using an adapted Affect Knowledge Test. 28% of children showed context-inappropriate anger, which correlated with lower emotion recognition (β = −.28) and higher attention problems (β = .36). Higher attention problems correlated with more anger perception bias (β = .32). This cross-sectional, correlational study provides preliminary findings that children with context-inappropriate anger showed more attention problems, which suggests that both “problems” tend to covary and associate with deficits or biases in emotion knowledge.
Effects of Social Support and Volunteering on Depression Among Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
Authors: Jang Heejung , Tang Fengyan
Published: July 2016

Guided by a stress-buffering model, this study examined the effect of the caregiver stress on depressive symptoms, specifically the moderating effects of social support and volunteering on the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms among grandparent caregivers. The 2010 Health and Retirement Survey included a sample of 1,973 grandparent caregivers who reported their stress scores. Findings suggest that positive social support and volunteering significantly moderated the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms. In particular, the study revealed that perceived quality of relations may help grandparent caregivers cope with their ongoing stress and enlarged social interaction may buffer the increase of negative stressor outcomes.
What Doesn’t Get Measured Does Exist: Improving the Accuracy of Computer-Aided Text Analysis
Authors: McKenny Aaron F. , Aguinis Herman , Short Jeremy C. , Anglin Aaron H.
Published: July 2016

Computer-aided text analysis (CATA) is a form of content analysis that enables the measurement of constructs by processing text into quantitative data based on the frequency of words. CATA has been proposed as a useful measurement approach with the potential to lead to important theoretical advancements. Ironically, while CATA has been offered to overcome some of the known deficiencies in existing measurement approaches, we have lagged behind in regard to assessing the technique’s measurement rigor. Our article addresses this knowledge gap and describes important implications for past as well as future research using CATA. First, we describe three sources of measurement error variance that are particularly relevant to studies using CATA: transient error, specific factor error, and algorithm error. Second, we describe and demonstrate how to calculate measurement error variance with the entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, and organizational ambidexterity constructs, offering evidence that past substantive conclusions have been underestimated. Third, we offer best-practice recommendations and demonstrate how to reduce measurement error variance by refining existing CATA measures. In short, we demonstrate that although measurement error variance in CATA has not been measured thus far, it does exist and it affects substantive conclusions. Consequently, our article has implications for theory and practice, as well as how to assess and minimize measurement error in future CATA research with the goal of improving the accuracy of substantive conclusions.