bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐Mendelian Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism Inheritance and Atypical Meiotic Configurations are Prevalent in Hop
Authors: Zhang Dong , Easterling Katherine A. , Pitra Nicholi J. , Coles Mark C. , Buckler Edward S. , Bass Hank W. , Matthews Paul D.
Published: November 2017

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) breeding programs seek to exploit genetic resources for bitter flavor, aroma, and disease resistance. However, these efforts have been thwarted by segregation distortion including female‐biased sex ratios. To better understand the transmission genetics of hop, we genotyped 4512 worldwide accessions of hop, including cultivars, landraces, and over 100 wild accessions using a genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach. From the resulting ∼1.2 million single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), prequalified GBS markers were validated by inferences in population structures and phylogeny. Analysis of pseudo‐testcross (Pt) mapping data from F1 families revealed mixed patterns of Mendelian and non‐Mendelian segregation. Three‐dimensional (3D) cytogenetic analysis of late meiotic prophase nuclei from two wild and two cultivated hop revealed conspicuous and prevalent occurrences of multiple, atypical, nondisomic chromosome complexes including autosomes. We used genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and fixation index (Fst) analysis to demonstrate selection mapping of genetic loci for key traits including sex, bitter acids, and drought tolerance. Among the possible mechanisms underlying the observed segregation distortion from the genomic data analysis, the cytogenetic analysis points to meiotic chromosome behavior as one of the contributing factors. The findings shed light on long‐standing questions on the unusual transmission genetics and phenotypic variation in hop, with major implications for breeding, cultivation, and the natural history of Humulus.
High Dense Gas Fraction in Intensely Star-forming Dusty Galaxies
Authors: Oteo I. , Zhang Z-Y. , Yang C. , Ivison R. J. , Omont A. , Bremer M. , Bussmann S. , Cooray A. , Cox P. , Dannerbauer H. , Dunne L. , Eales S. , Furlanetto C. , Gavazzi R. , Gao Y. , Greve T. R. , Nayyeri H. , Negrello M. , Neri R. , Riechers D. , Tunnard R. , Wagg J. , Werf P. Van der
Published: November 2017

We present ALMA

and VLA

observations of the dense molecular gas tracers HCN, HCO+, and HNC in two lensed, high-redshift starbursts selected from the Herschel-ATLAS survey: H-ATLAS J090740.0−004200 (SDP.9,

) and H-ATLAS J091043.1−000321 (SDP.11,

). In SDP.9 we have detected all

transitions and also HCN(1–0) and HCO+(1–0). In SDP.11 we have detected HCN(3–2) and HCO+(3–2). The amplification factors for both galaxies have been determined from subarcsecond-resolution CO and dust emission observations carried out with NOEMA and the SMA. The HNC(1–0)/HCN(1–0) line ratio in SDP.9 suggests the presence of photon-dominated regions, as happens in most local (U)LIRGs. The CO, HCN, and HCO+ spectral line energy distribution (SLEDs) of SDP.9 are compatible to those found for many local, IR-bright galaxies, indicating that the molecular gas in local and high-redshift dusty starbursts can have similar excitation conditions. We obtain that the correlation between total IR (

) and dense line (

) luminosity in SDP.9 and SDP.11 and local star-forming galaxies can be represented by a single relation. We argue that the scatter of the

correlation, together with the lack of sensitive dense molecular gas tracer observations for a homogeneous sample of high-redshift galaxies, prevents us from distinguishing differential trends with redshift. Our results suggest that the intense star formation found in some high-redshift, dusty, luminous starbursts is associated with more massive dense molecular gas reservoirs and higher dense molecular gas fractions.
Mg ii Absorbers: Metallicity Evolution and Cloud Morphology
Authors: Lan Ting-Wen , Fukugita Masataka
Published: November 2017

Metal abundance and its evolution are studied for Mg ii quasar absorption line systems from their weak, unsaturated spectral lines using stacked spectra from the archived data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. They show an abundance pattern that resembles that of the Galactic halo or Small Magellanic Cloud, with metallicity [Z/H] showing an evolution from redshift z = 2 to 0.5: metallicity becomes approximately solar or even larger at

. We show that the evolution of the metal abundance traces the cumulative amount of the hydrogen fuel consumed in star formation in galaxies. With the aid of a spectroscopic simulation code, we infer the median gas density of the cloud to be roughly 0.3 

, with which the elemental abundance in various ionization stages, in particular C i, is consistently explained. This gas density implies that the size of the Mg ii clouds is of the order of 0.03 kpc, which suggests that individual Mg ii clouds around a galaxy are of a baryonic mass typically

. This means that Mg ii clouds are numerous and “foamy,” rather than a large entity that covers a sizable fraction of galaxies with a single cloud.
Toward the Analysis of JWST Exoplanet Spectra: Identifying Troublesome Model Parameters
Authors: Baudino Jean-Loup , Mollière Paul , Venot Olivia , Tremblin Pascal , Bézard Bruno , Lagage Pierre-Olivier
Published: November 2017

Given the forthcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which will allow observing exoplanet atmospheres with unprecedented signal-to-noise ratio, spectral coverage, and spatial resolution, the uncertainties in the atmosphere modeling used to interpret the data need to be assessed. As the first step, we compare three independent 1D radiative-convective models: ATMO, Exo-REM, and petitCODE. We identify differences in physical and chemical processes that are taken into account thanks to a benchmark protocol we have developed. We study the impact of these differences on the analysis of observable spectra. We show the importance of selecting carefully relevant molecular linelists to compute the atmospheric opacity. Indeed, differences between spectra calculated with Hitran and ExoMol exceed the expected uncertainties of future JWST observations. We also show the limits of the precision of the models due to uncertainties on alkali and molecule lineshape, which induce spectral effects that are also larger than the expected JWST uncertainties. We compare two chemical models, Exo-REM and Venot Chemical Code, which do not lead to significant differences in the emission or transmission spectra. We discuss the observational consequences of using equilibrium or out-of-equilibrium chemistry and the major impact of phosphine, detectable with the JWST. Each of the models has benefited from the benchmarking activity and has been updated. The protocol developed in this paper and the online results can constitute a test case for other models.
Transition and Electron Impact Excitation Collision Rates for O iii
Authors: Tayal S. S. , Zatsarinny O.
Published: November 2017

Transition probabilities, electron excitation collision strengths, and rate coefficients for a large number of O iii lines over a broad wavelength range, from the infrared to ultraviolet, have been reported. The collision strengths have been calculated in the close-coupling approximation using the B-spline Breit–Pauli R-matrix method. The multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock method in combination with B-spline expansions is employed for an accurate representation of the target wave functions. The close-coupling expansion contains 202 O2+ fine-structure levels of the

,

,

, and

configurations. The effective collision strengths are obtained by averaging electron excitation collision strengths over a Maxwellian distribution of velocities at electron temperatures ranging from 100 to 100,000 K. The calculated effective collision strengths have been reported for the 20,302 transitions between all 202 fine-structure levels. There is an overall good agreement with the recent R-matrix calculations by Storey et al. for the transitions between all levels of the ground

configuration, but significant discrepancies have been found with Palay et al. for transitions to the

1
S
0 level. Line intensity ratios between the optical lines arising from the

 − 1
D
2 transitions have been compared with other calculations and observations from the photoionized gaseous nebulae, and good agreement is found. The present calculations provide the most complete and accurate data sets, which should allow a more detailed treatment of the available measured spectra from different ground and space observatories.
Boxy Orbital Structures in Rotating Bar Models
Authors: Chaves-Velasquez L. , Patsis P. A. , Puerari I. , Skokos Ch. , Manos T.
Published: November 2017

We investigate regular and chaotic two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) orbits of stars in models of a galactic potential consisting of a disk, a halo, and a bar to find the origin of boxy components that are part of the bar or (almost) the bar itself. Our models originate in snapshots of an N-body simulation, which develops a strong bar. We consider three snapshots of the simulation, and, for the orbital study, we treat each snapshot independently, as an autonomous Hamiltonian system. The calculated corotation–to–bar length ratios indicate that in all three cases, the bar rotates slowly, while the orientation of the orbits of the main family of periodic orbits changes along its characteristic. We characterize the orbits as regular, sticky, or chaotic after integrating them for a 10 Gyr period by using the GALI2 index. Boxiness in the equatorial plane is associated either with quasi-periodic orbits in the outer parts of stability islands or with sticky orbits around them, which can be found in a large range of energies. We indicate the location of such orbits in diagrams, which include the characteristic of the main family. They are always found about the transition region from order to chaos. By perturbing such orbits in the vertical direction, we find a class of 3D nonperiodic orbits, which have boxy projections both in their face-on and side-on views.
Rayleigh Scattering in Spectral Series with L-term Interference
Authors: Casini R. , Sainz R. Manso , Alemán T. del Pino
Published: November 2017

We derive a formalism to describe the scattering of polarized radiation over the full spectral range encompassed by atomic transitions belonging to the same spectral series (e.g., the H i Lyman and Balmer series, the UV multiplets of Fe i and Fe ii). This allows us to study the role of radiation-induced coherence among the upper terms of the spectral series, and its contribution to Rayleigh scattering and the polarization of the solar continuum. We rely on previous theoretical results for the emissivity of a three-term atom of the Λ-type, taking into account partially coherent scattering, and generalize its expression in order to describe a “multiple Λ” atomic system underlying the formation of a spectral series. Our study shows that important polarization effects must be expected because of the combined action of partial frequency redistribution and radiation-induced coherence among the terms of the series. In particular, our model predicts the correct asymptotic limit of 100% polarization in the far wings of a complete (i.e.,

) group of transitions, which must be expected on the basis of the principle of spectroscopic stability.
Galaxies with Prolate Rotation in Illustris
Authors: Ebrová Ivana , Łokas Ewa L.
Published: November 2017

Tens of early-type galaxies have been recently reported to possess prolate rotation of the stellar component, i.e., a significant amount of rotation around the major axis, including two cases in the Local Group. Although expected theoretically, this phenomenon is rarely observed and remains elusive. We study its origin using the population of well-resolved galaxies in the Illustris cosmological simulation. We identify 59 convincing examples of prolate rotators at the present time, more frequently among more massive galaxies, with the number varying very little with redshift. We follow their evolution back in time using the main progenitor branch galaxies of the Illustris merger trees. We find that the emergence of prolate rotation is strongly correlated with the time of the last significant merger that the galaxy experienced, although other evolutionary paths leading to prolate rotation are also possible. The transition to prolate rotation most often happens around the same time as the transition to prolate shape of the stellar component. The mergers leading to prolate rotation have slightly more radial orbits and higher mass ratios, and they occur at more recent times than mergers in the reference sample of twin galaxies we construct for comparison. However, they cover a wide range of initial conditions in terms of the mass ratio, merger time, radiality of the progenitor orbits, and relative orientations of progenitor spins with respect to the orbital angular momenta. About half of our sample of prolate rotators was created during gas-rich mergers, and the newly formed stars usually support prolate rotation.
ALMA Detection of Bipolar Outflows: Evidence for Low-mass Star Formation within 1 pc of Sgr A*
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F. , Wardle M. , Kunneriath D. , Royster M. , Wootten A. , Roberts D. A.
Published: November 2017

We report the discovery of 11 bipolar outflows within a projected distance of 1 pc from Sgr A* based on deep ALMA observations of 13CO, H30α, and SiO (5−4) lines with subarcsecond and ∼1.3 km s−1 resolutions. These unambiguous signatures of young protostars manifest as approaching and receding lobes of dense gas swept up by the jets created during the formation and early evolution of stars. The lobe masses and momentum transfer rates are consistent with young protostellar outflows found throughout the disk of the Galaxy. The mean dynamical age of the outflow population is estimated to be

years. The rate of star formation is ∼5 × 10−4

yr−1 assuming a mean stellar mass of ∼0.3

. This discovery provides evidence that star formation is taking place within clouds surprisingly close to Sgr A*, perhaps due to events that compress the host cloud, creating condensations with sufficient self-gravity to resist tidal disruption by Sgr A*. Low-mass star formation over the past few billion years at this level would contribute significantly to the stellar mass budget in the central few parsecs of the Galaxy. The presence of many dense clumps of molecular material within 1 pc of Sgr A* suggests that star formation could take place in the immediate vicinity of supermassive black holes in the nuclei of external galaxies.
De l’ Einfühlung à la sympathie : Lipps et Scheler
Authors: Agard Olivier
Published: November 2017

Cette contribution propose une analyse de la réception de la théorie lippsienne de l’Einfühlung par Scheler. Alors que Lipps élabore une forme de psychologie, Scheler appartient à une génération qui veut refonder la philosophie par une critique du psychologisme et du néokantisme. Sa critique de l’Einfühlung ne peut être séparée de sa théorie réaliste de la connaissance qui refuse de faire du sujet un principe qui construit le monde. Par ailleurs, la conception schélérienne de la sympathie est marquée par la philosophie de la vie, en particulier dans la deuxième version de l’ouvrage sur la sympathie (Wesen und Formen der Sympathie, 1923).
Les réfections chirurgicales de l’hymen en Tunisie. Des techniques de purification et d’absolution ?
Authors: Ben Dridi Ibtissem
Published: November 2017

Du recours aux hymens artificiels « chinois » à la pratique des réfections chirurgicales de l’hymen (hyménorraphie et hyménoplastie), cet article se penche sur les espaces interstitiels permettant de négocier l’impératif social de virginité prénuptiale. Au-delà de la description des usages en vigueur, il s’agit d’analyser la construction sémantique du discours de différents acteurs (jeunes femmes, corps médical, autorités religieuses), en montrant comment s’élabore une logique morale aux réfections d’hymen, qui convoque tour à tour les principes de repentance, protection et bien commun, ainsi que la notion de purification physique et psychique. Il importe en définitive de montrer comment les chirurgies de l’intime posent les techniques médicales à l’intersection de normes culturelles et arrangements individuels, sociaux et religieux, relevant tant du savoir-faire que du savoir-taire.
Effets du stigmate et accès aux soins des femmes prostituées tunisiennes
Authors: Msakni Faten
Published: November 2017

Le présent article se propose de mettre en exergue la situation sanitaire des femmes prostituées dans la ville de Sfax. L’accès aux soins constitue un problème majeur pour celles-ci, du fait de la discrimination et du stigmate dont elles font l’objet au quotidien, notamment de la part des agents de la Santé publique. En dépit du recours au secteur privé par ces femmes, considéré comme plus tolérant moyennant financement, l’accès au soin n’est pas sans risque. Notre travail s’appuie sur des enquêtes de terrain ayant pour thème de recherche la relation entre la prostitution clandestine et la santé, et porte sur des entretiens auprès de femmes prostituées, dont la pratique est formellement autorisée ou clandestine.
Application of Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm for AGC of Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems
Authors: Barisal Ajit Kumar , Lal Deepak Kumar
Published: November 2017

A novel attempt has been made to use Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm to optimize PI/PID controller parameters for AGC of power system. Four different power systems are considered in the present article. Initially, a two area thermal power system is considered for simulation. The superiority of the proposed MFO optimized PI/PID controller has been demonstrated by comparing the results with recently published approaches such as conventional, GA, BFOA, DE, PSO, Hybrid BFOA-PSO, FA and GWO algorithm optimized PI/PID controller for the same power system model. Then, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the robustness of the system to wide changes in the operating conditions and system parameters from their nominal values. The proposed approach is extended to different realistic multi-area multi-source power systems with diverse sources of power generations for simulation study. The acceptability and efficacy of the proposed technique is demonstrated by comparing with other recently published techniques.
A Hierarchical Hadoop Framework to Handle Big Data in Geo-Distributed Computing Environments
Authors: Tomarchio Orazio , Di Modica Giuseppe , Cavallo Marco , Polito Carmelo
Published: November 2017

Advances in the communication technologies, along with the birth of new communication paradigms leveraging on the power of the social, has fostered the production of huge amounts of data. Old-fashioned computing paradigms are unfit to handle the dimensions of the data daily produced by the countless, worldwide distributed sources of information. So far, the MapReduce has been able to keep the promise of speeding up the computation over Big Data within a cluster. This article focuses on scenarios of worldwide distributed Big Data. While stigmatizing the poor performance of the Hadoop framework when deployed in such scenarios, it proposes the definition of a Hierarchical Hadoop Framework (H2F) to cope with the issues arising when Big Data are scattered over geographically distant data centers. The article highlights the novelty introduced by the H2F with respect to other hierarchical approaches. Tests run on a software prototype are also reported to show the increase of performance that H2F is able to achieve in geographical scenarios over a plain Hadoop approach.
A Risk Management Model for an Academic Institution's Information System
Authors: Dreyfuss Michael , Giat Yahel
Published: November 2017

This article describes a two-step decision support model for investing in information technology security, both development and application. In the first step, the risk level of each of the system's components is mapped, with the aim of identifying the subsystems that pose the highest risk. In the second step, the model determines how much to invest in various technological tools and workplace culture programs to enhance information security. An application of this model to an information system in an academic institution in Israel is described. This system comprises ten subsystems and the authors identify the three that bear the most risk. These findings are used to determine the parameters of the investment allocation problem and find the optimal investment plan. The results of the model's application indicate that hacking for the purpose of cheating is a greater threat than other types of security issues. Additionally, the results support the claim that information security officials tend to overinvest in security technological tools and underinvest in improving security workplace culture.
Massive splenic infarction in a patient with pneumococcal septic shock and unknown celiac disease
Authors: Graziani Alessandro , Casalini Pierpaolo , Mirici Cappa Federica , Albertini Francesco , Fiorini Erica , Ugolini Giampaolo , Rasciti Leonardo
Published: November 2017

Splenic infarction (SI) is a rare event occurring when the splenic artery or its branches become occluded by embolus or by in situ thrombosis. Many SI events are a result of embolic sources either cardiac or aortic. Massive splenic infarction (MSI) results from compromised blood flow to more than half of the spleen. In this paper we describe a case of a previously healthy patient who presented with pneumococcal sepsis who, upon investigation, revealed an unknown celiac disease and a MSI. Abdominal ultrasound with contrast agent was a useful tool for a diagnosis and follow up of this patient.
Multilevel Examination of Job Satisfaction and Career Intentions of Collegiate Athletic Trainers: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Eason Christianne M. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Denegar Craig R. , Pitney William A. , McGarry Jennifer
Published: November 2017

Context: 

Recent employment data from collegiate athletic training settings have demonstrated departure trends among men and women. These trends have been hypothesized to be related to work-life balance. However, work-life balance is only 1 aspect of a myriad of factors. Due to the complex nature of the work-life interface, a multilevel examination is needed to better understand the precipitators of departure.

Objective: 

To quantitatively examine factors that may influence collegiate athletic trainers' (ATs') job satisfaction and career intentions via a multilevel examination of the work-life interface.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Web-based questionnaire.

Patients or Other Participants: 

Athletic trainers employed in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, or III or National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics colleges or universities (N = 299: 56.5% female, 43.5% male). The average age of participants was 33.6 ± 8.3 years, and their average experience was 10.3 ± 7.6 years.

Data Collection and Analysis: 

Participants responded to an online questionnaire consisting of demographic questions, 9 Likert-scale surveys, and open-ended questions. Job-satisfaction Scores (JSSs) and intention-to-leave scores (ITLSs) served as the dependent variables and factors from individual, organizational, and sociocultural levels were the independent variables. Hierarchical regression analysis was run to determine the predictability of factors.

Results: 

No sex differences in ITLS or JSS were found in our sample. Independent variables explained 68.5% of the variance in JSS and 28.8% of the variance in ITLS. Additions of factor levels increased the percentage of explained variance in both scores.

Conclusions: 

A combination of individual-, organizational-, and sociocultural-level factors was able to best predict JSS and ITLS among collegiate ATs.
A New L2 Projection Method for the Oseen Equations
Authors: Bai Yanhong , Feng Minfu
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a new type of stabilized finite element method is discussed for Oseen equations based on the local L2 projection stabilized technique for the velocity field. Velocity and pressure are approximated by two kinds of mixed finite element spaces, Pl2–P1, (l = 1,2). A main advantage of the proposed method lies in that, all the computations are performed at the same element level, without the need of nested meshes or the projection of the gradient of velocity onto a coarse level. Stability and convergence are proved for two kinds of stabilized schemes. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.
An Extrapolation Cascadic Multigrid Method for Elliptic Problems on Reentrant Domains
Authors: Pan Kejia , He Dongdong , Chen Chuanmiao
Published: November 2017

This paper proposes an extrapolation cascadic multigrid (EXCMG) method to solve elliptic problems in domains with reentrant corners. On a class of λ-graded meshes, we derive some new extrapolation formulas to construct a high-order approximation to the finite element solution on the next finer mesh using the numerical solutions on two-level of grids (current and previous grids). Then, this high-order approximation is used as the initial guess to reduce computational cost of the conjugate gradient method. Recursive application of this idea results in the EXCMG method proposed in this paper. Finally, numerical results for a crack problem and an L-shaped problem are presented to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed EXCMG method.
Convergence Analysis for the Chebyshev Collocation Methods to Volterra Integral Equations with a Weakly Singular Kernel
Authors: Liu Xiong , Chen Yanping
Published: November 2017

In this paper, a Chebyshev-collocation spectral method is developed for Volterra integral equations (VIEs) of second kind with weakly singular kernel. We first change the equation into an equivalent VIE so that the solution of the new equation possesses better regularity. The integral term in the resulting VIE is approximated by Gauss quadrature formulas using the Chebyshev collocation points. The convergence analysis of this method is based on the Lebesgue constant for the Lagrange interpolation polynomials, approximation theory for orthogonal polynomials, and the operator theory. The spectral rate of convergence for the proposed method is established in theL∞-norm and weightedL2-norm. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hyperbêtaglobulinémies et sous-classes d’IgG chez le chien. Etude sur 50 cas
Authors: Foulon Thérèse , Groulade Paul , Groslambert Martine , Groslambert Paule , Cadoré Jean-Luc
Published: November 2017

Sur 50 cas d’élévation isolée et en bloc des globulines bêta du sérum de chien en électrophorèse sur acétate de cellulose, l’immunoélectrophorèse fait la preuve d’une augmentation de la sous-classe IgG 1. Pour la majorité, 32 sujets, cette réaction évoque un dysfonctionnement de l’immunité cellulaire : affections cutanées de mauvais pronostic, maladies systémiques. Dans d’autres cas (6 parasitoses), il pourrait s’agir d’une réponse plus spécifique à certains antigènes.
Gammapathie monoclonale dans la leishmaniose canine : à propos d’un cas
Authors: Beaufils Jean-Pierre , Martin-Granel Jean , Jumelle Philippe
Published: November 2017

Une chienne caniche, présentée pour polyuro-polydipsie, était atteinte de leishmaniose. La protidémie était très élevée (135 g/l), avec une hypo-albuminémie, une hyperglobulinémie et un pic monoclonal important. La taille du pic a diminué, et l’albumine est revenue dans les valeurs usuelles au fil des mois, sous l’action du traitement étiologique de la leishmaniose. Ce cas illustre l’importance d’un dosage systématique de la protidémie, et de l’exploration des gammapathies monoclonales qui ne sont pas forcément synonymes de myélome.
La tularémie chez le lièvre en France. Bilan des cas répertoriés (1994 à juin 1996)
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Dufrêne Mireille , Le Doujet Claudine , Mendy Christiane , Chevalerias Hervé
Published: November 2017

The authors described the number of tularemia cases in the hares during three years (1994-1996) in France. The isolation of bacteria is not easily depending the samples freshness. Cases of human tularemiae had been found with some cases of hares tularemiae.
L’association primo-vaccination éradication est-elle de nature à prévenir l’extension de la fièvre aphteuse en cas d’apparition de la maladie en France ?
Authors: Fleckinger Robert
Published: November 2017

L’auteur, constatant le caractère strictement ponctuel de l’abattage des malades et des contaminés au foyer, la situation entièrement réceptive des espèces sensibles ainsi que l’avancement de nos connaissances en matière de diffusion de la contagion, souligne, apportant le témoignage d’une longue expérience sur le terrain, la nécessité d’être organisé et de se tenir prêt à associer, en temps utile, la stratégie offensive de primo-vaccination des espèces sensibles périfocales, voire de masse, afin de prévenir, autant que possible, dans le plus court délai, et au moindre coût, l’extension de la fièvre aphteuse en cas d’apparition de la maladie en France.
Joint Modeling of Mixed Plasmodium Species Infections Using a Bivariate Poisson Lognormal Model
Authors: Colborn Kathryn L. , Mueller Ivo , Speed Terence P.
Published: November 2017

Infectious diseases often present as coinfections that may affect each other in positive or negative ways. Understanding the relationship between two coinfecting pathogens is thus important to understand the risk of infection and burden of disease caused by each pathogen. Although coinfections with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are very common outside Africa, it is yet unclear whether infections by the two parasite species are positively associated or if infection by one parasite suppresses the other. In this study, we use bivariate Poisson lognormal models (BPLM) to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between the incidence of infections (as measured by the force of blood-stage infections, molFOI) and clinical episodes caused by both P. falciparum and P. vivax in a cohort of Papua New Guinean children. A BPLM permits estimation of either positive or negative correlation, unlike most other multivariate Poisson models. Our results demonstrated a moderately positive association between P. falciparum and P. vivax infection rates, arguing against the hypothesis that P. vivax infections protect against P. falciparum infections. Our findings also suggest that the BPLM is only useful for counts with suitably large means and overdispersion.
“Mit Herz und Hand fürs Vaterland”: Staging the Fighting Heroes for Propagandistic Purposes
Authors: Szabó-Knotik Cornelia
Published: November 2017

In retrospect the First World War is considered the first instance of modern warfare in the sense of technology being decisive for its outcomes. Even if it may be less obvious the same is true on the level of mass media and means of propaganda. It is therefore the aim of this paper to reflect on the implications of the battling troops being confronted with sound recording (the gramophone) and film (movies).
Folksongs as “Jack of all Trades”: About the Meanings of Singing Folksongs in the First World War in Austria
Authors: Mayer-Hirzberger Anita
Published: November 2017

During the First World War the singing and collecting of folksongs obviously had importance. There even were projects of collecting them on the front, in prisoner of-war camps and in the hinterland. The functions of that practice were different. Folksongs in their traditional interpretation as a symbol of an innocent idyll could be used for producing a counterword to a problematic reality, and as an expression of a nation they were good for creating identities in varying forms. There are different forms of practicing and publications, which can be regarded as a mirror of desires and utopias of the then protagonists.
Cantata Ode to Soča and the Recluse Trapped in the Ruins of His World
Authors: Nagode Aleš
Published: November 2017

Article is a reflection upon f. Hugolin Sattner’s cantata “Ode to Soča”, which was created in the time of First World War and great battles of Isonzo. It outlines composer’s ideological, political and aesthetic outlook as a basis for his creativity thus applying methods of history of mentalities.
The Imperial History Wars
Authors: Kennedy Dane
Published: November 2017

The history of the British Empire, a subject that had slipped into obscurity when the empire came to an end, has since made a stunning comeback, generating a series of heated debates about the causes, character, and consequences of empire. In this volume Dane Kennedy offers a wide-ranging assessment of the main schools of thought that have transformed the way we view the British Empire and the world it helped to create

Navigating a clear course through these intellectual waters requires an awareness of their shifting currents and a commitment to tracking their changing character over time. Dane Kennedy has contributed to the imperial history wars for more than thirty years, and in this volume he brings his most important writings, along with brand new material, together for the first time to provide a sweeping overview of the subject and the debates that have shaped it. The Imperial History Wars is essential reading for any student or scholar of the British Empire.
Aggressiveness, social support and school experiences as dimensions differentiating negative and positive adaptation among adolescents
Authors: Farnicka Marzanna Agnieszka
Published: November 2017

Background
 The study results presented below lie within a field of study which seeks to identify appropriate risk indicators for risky behaviours in the group of adolescents. The study drew on the tenets of developmental psychopathology. Adaptation assessment was performed on the basis of an objective indicator which comprised adolescents’ problems with social functioning.

 Participants and procedure
 The main determinants of the observed changes in behaviour and the development of adaptation pathways during the period of adolescence were considered to include bio-psycho-social temperamental factors (Buss & Plomin, 1984), attachment patterns (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), trait of aggressiveness (Buss & Perry, 1992), conditions created by the environment (support of family members, peers and teachers [Malecki & Demaray, 2002]) as well as previous experiences such as being a victim of violence (Osterman & Bjorqvist, 2008) or the level of school success. The final study group comprised a total of 140 positively and 140 negatively adapted teenagers (N = 280) between the ages of 12 and 19. The study was carried out in Poland.

 Results
 The study confirmed the gender effect, demonstrating a higher frequency of involvement in risky behaviours among boys. The results from searching for differences between positively and negatively adapted teens showed that in the negatively adapted group there were lower grades at school and more frequent aggressive behaviour.

 Conclusions
 The main conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that the potential prophylactic and therapeutic interventions require consideration of factors such as age, educational success, aggressiveness and social support.
Long-path measurements of pollutants and micrometeorology over Highway 401 in Toronto
Authors: You Yuan , Staebler Ralf M. , Moussa Samar G. , Su Yushan , Munoz Tony , Stroud Craig , Zhang Junhua , Moran Michael D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Traffic emissions contribute significantly to urban air pollution. Measurements were conducted over Highway 401 in Toronto, Canada, with a long-path Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer combined with a suite of micrometeorological instruments to identify and quantify a range of air pollutants. Results were compared with simultaneous in situ observations at a roadside monitoring station, and with output from a special version of the operational Canadian air quality forecast model (GEM-MACH). Elevated mixing ratios of ammonia (0–23 ppb) were observed, of which 76 % were associated with traffic emissions. Hydrogen cyanide was identified at mixing ratios between 0 and 4 ppb. Using a simple dispersion model, an integrated emission factor of on average 2.6 g km−1 carbon monoxide was calculated for this defined section of Highway 401, which agreed well with estimates based on vehicular emission factors and observed traffic volumes. Based on the same dispersion calculations, vehicular average emission factors of 0.04, 0.36, and 0.15 g km−1 were calculated for ammonia, nitrogen oxide, and methanol, respectively.
Spatiotemporal patterns of the fossil-fuel CO2 signal in central Europe: results from a high-resolution atmospheric transport model
Authors: Liu Yu , Gruber Nicolas , Brunner Dominik
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuel is a prime determinant of variations in atmospheric CO2. Here, we simulate this fossil-fuel signal together with the natural and background components with a regional high-resolution atmospheric transport model for central and southern Europe considering separately the emissions from different sectors and countries on the basis of emission inventories and hourly emission time functions. The simulated variations in atmospheric CO2 agree very well with observation-based estimates, although the observed variance is slightly underestimated, particularly for the fossil-fuel component. Despite relatively rapid atmospheric mixing, the simulated fossil-fuel signal reveals distinct annual mean structures deep into the troposphere, reflecting the spatially dense aggregation of most emissions. The fossil-fuel signal accounts for more than half of the total (fossil fuel + biospheric + background) temporal variations in atmospheric CO2 in most areas of northern and western central Europe, with the largest variations occurring on diurnal timescales owing to the combination of diurnal variations in emissions and atmospheric mixing and transport out of the surface layer. The covariance of the fossil-fuel emissions and atmospheric transport on diurnal timescales leads to a diurnal fossil-fuel rectifier effect of up to 9 ppm compared to a case with time-constant emissions. The spatial pattern of CO2 from the different sectors largely reflects the distribution and relative magnitude of the corresponding emissions, with power plant emissions leaving the most distinguished mark. An exception is southern and western Europe, where the emissions from the transportation sector dominate the fossil-fuel signal. Most of the fossil-fuel CO2 remains within the country responsible for the emission, although in smaller countries up to 80 % of the fossil-fuel signal can come from abroad. A fossil-fuel emission reduction of 30 % is clearly detectable for a surface-based observing system for atmospheric CO2, while it is beyond the edge of detectability for the current generation of satellites with the exception of a few hotspot sites. Changes in variability in atmospheric CO2 might open an additional door for the monitoring and verification of changes in fossil-fuel emissions, primarily for surface-based systems.
Maximizing Ozone Signals Among Chemical, Meteorological, and Climatological
Variability
Authors: Brown-Steiner Benjamin , Selin Noelle E. , Prinn Ronald G. , Monier Erwan , Tilmes Simone , Emmons Louisa , Garcia-Menendez Fernando
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The detection of meteorological, chemical, or other signals in modeled or observed air quality data – such as an estimate of a temporal trend in surface ozone data, or an estimate of the mean ozone of a particular region during a particular season – is a critical component of modern atmospheric chemistry. However, the magnitude of a surface air quality signal is generally small compared to the magnitude of the underlying chemical and meteorological variabilities that exist both in space and in time. This can present difficulties for both policy-makers and researchers as they attempt to identify the influence or signal of climate trends (e.g. any pauses in warming trends), the impact of enacted emission reductions policies (e.g. United States NOx State Implementation Plans), or an estimate of the mean state of highly variable data (e.g. summertime ozone over the Northeastern United States). Here we examine the scale-dependence of the variability of simulated and observed surface ozone data within the United States and the likelihood that a particular choice of temporal or spatial averaging scales produce a misleading estimate of a particular ozone signal. Our main objective is to develop strategies that reduce the likelihood of overconfidence in simulated ozone estimates. We find that while increasing the extent of both temporal and spatial averaging can enhance signal detection capabilities by reducing the noise from variability, a strategic combination of particular temporal and spatial averaging scales can maximize signal detection capabilities over much of the Continental US. We recommend temporal averaging of at least 10–15 years combined with regional spatial averaging over several hundred kilometer spatial scales. These results are consistent between simulated and observed data, and within a single model with different sets of parameters. The strategies selected in this study are not limited to surface ozone data, and could potentially maximize signal detection capabilities within a broad array of climate and chemical observations or model output.
Interannual Variability in the Tropical Atlantic from the Last Glacial Maximum into Future Climate Projections simulated by CMIP5/PMIP3
Authors: Brierley Chris , Wainer Ilana
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Tropical Atlantic Variability (TAV) plays an important role in driving year-to-year changes in rainfall over Africa and South America. In this study, its response to global climate change is investigated through a series of multi-model experiments. We explore the leading modes of TAV during the historical, last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene and future simulations in the multi-model ensemble known as PMIP3/CMIP5. Despite their known sea surface temperature biases, most of the models are able to capture the Tropical Atlantic's two leading modes of SST-variability patterns – the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) and the Atlantic zonal mode (also called the Atlantic Niño or ATL3). The ensemble suggests that AMM amplitude was less during the mid-Holocene and increased during the last glacial maximum; but is equivocal about future changes. ATL3 appears stronger under both the last glacial maximum and future climate changes, with little consistent message about the mid-Holocene. The patterns and the regions under the influence of the two modes alters under climate change – in concert with changes in the mean climate state. Both modes demonstrate a coupling with the equatorial Pacific that depends on the climate period being considered – especially for the ATL3 mode of equatorial Pacific. In the future climate experiment, the equatorial mode weakens, the whole northern hemisphere warms up while the south Atlantic displays an hemisphere-wide weak oscillating pattern. For the LGM, the AMM projects onto a pattern that resembles the Pan-Atlantic Decadal Oscillation. No robust relationships between the amplitude of the zonal and meridional temperature gradients and their respective variability was found.
The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations
Authors: Walters David , Baran Anthony , Boutle Ian , Brooks Malcolm , Earnshaw Paul , Edwards John , Furtado Kalli , Hill Peter , Lock Adrian , Manners James , Morcrette Cyril , Mulcahy Jane , Sanchez Claudio , Smith Chris , Stratton Rachel , Tennant Warren , Tomassini Lorenzo , Van Weverberg Kwinten , Vosper Simon , Willett Martin , Browse Jo , Bushell Andrew , Dalvi Mohit , Essery Richard , Gedney Nicola , Hardiman Steven , Johnson Ben , Johnson Colin , Jones Andy , Mann Graham , Milton Sean , Rumbold Heather , Sellar Alistair , Ujiie Masashi , Whitall Michael , Williams Keith , Zerroukat Mohamed
Published: November 2017

Abstract. We describe Global Atmosphere 7.0 and Global Land 7.0 (GA7.0/GL7.0): the latest science configurations of the Met Office Unified Model and JULES land surface model developed for use across weather and climate timescales. GA7.0 and GL7.0 include incremental developments and targeted improvements that between them address four critical errors identified in previous configurations: excessive precipitation biases over India, warm/moist biases in the tropical tropopause layer, a source of energy non-conservation in the advection scheme and excessive surface radiation biases over the Southern Ocean. They also include two new parametrisations, namely the UKCA Glomap-mode aerosol scheme and the JULES multi-layer snow scheme, which improve the fidelity of the simulation and were required for the coupled climate models and Earth system models that will use these configurations in submissions to CMIP6. In addition, we describe the GA7.1 branch configuration, which reduces an overly negative anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing in GA7.0, whilst maintaining the quality of simulations of the present-day climate. GA7.1/GL7.0 will form the physical atmosphere/land component in the HadGEM3-GC3.1 and UKESM1 climate models.
The challenge of forecasting impacts of flash floods: test of a simplified hydraulic approach and validation based on insurance claim data
Authors: Le Bihan Guillaume , Payrastre Olivier , Gaume Eric , Moncoulon David , Pons Frédéric
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Up to now, flash flood monitoring and forecasting systems, based on rainfall radar measurements and distributed rainfall–runoff models, generally aimed at estimating flood magnitudes – typically discharges or return periods – at selected river cross sections. The approach presented here goes one step further by proposing an integrated forecasting chain for the direct assessment of flash flood possible impacts on inhabited areas (number of buildings at risk in the presented case studies). The proposed approach includes, in addition to a distributed rainfall–runoff model, an automatic hydraulic method suited for the computation of flood extent maps on a dense river network and over large territories. The resulting catalogue of flood extent maps is then combined with land use data to build a flood impact curve for each considered river reach, i.e. the number of inundated buildings versus discharge. These curves are finally used to compute estimated impacts based on forecasted discharges. The approach has been extensively tested in the regions of Alès and Draguignan, located in the south of France, where well-documented major flash floods recently occurred. The article presents two types of validation results. First, the automatically computed flood extent maps and corresponding water levels are tested against rating curves at available river gauging stations as well as against local reference or observed flood extent maps. Second, a rich and comprehensive insurance claim database is used to evaluate the relevance of the estimated impacts for some recent major floods.