bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extracting of Proanthocyanidins from Purple Cabbage and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity In Vitro
Authors: Li Song Lin , Chen Xiao Ming , Lin Jing
Published: March 2012

A central composite rotatable design combined with response surface methodology was employed to study the effect of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) conditions namely microwave power, extraction time, liquid-solid ratio and ethanol proportion on the proanthocyanidins extraction from purple cabbage. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: microwave power, 260 W; extraction time, 54s; liquid to solid ratio, 43; and ethanol concentration, 57%. The results showed proanthocyanidins had a significant effect on scavenging of DPPH radicals. At last, proanthocyanidins were identified by thin layer chromatography.
Properties and Application of Characteristic Polynomial
Authors: Pan Jin Song
Published: March 2012

Through the introduction to the properties of characteristic polynomial, the order reduction theorem of the characteristic polynomial as well as its application in high order matrix is studied, and also a simplified method (characteristic polynomial method), which is used to solve the particular integral of the non-homogeneous linear differential equation with constant coefficients, is proposed in this paper. It is simpler than coefficient comparison and Laplace transform method, and also is of greater realistic significance for the differential equations with high order number and terms number.
Sonochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Bismuth Aluminate Nanocrystals
Authors: Wu Zhi Fu , Li Su Juan
Published: March 2012

Bismuth aluminate is a kind of antacid medicine which is used to treat peptic ulceration and nervous dyspepsia. In our experiment, a simple solution strategy via supersonic method for the synthesis of spherical bismuth aluminate nanoparticles at room temperature is presented. During the procedure, bismuth aluminate was directly precipitated from the solution in the ultrasonic syringe under strong alkaline condition and its chemical empirical formula was defined by inductively coupled plasma(ICP) analysis, element analyzer(EA) and analysis analysis. XRD, FTIR and TEM, have been employed to characterize the obtained nanocrystals. Preparative parameters, such as the pH value, drying temperature and the sonication time were optimized to obtain Bi2(Al2O4)3•10H2O nanomaterials with considerable yield, uniform shape and narrow size distributions.
Preparation and Properties of Chrome-Free Colored Na3AlF6 Conversion Coating on Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Yi Ai Hua , Li Wen Fang , Du Jun , Mu Song Lin
Published: March 2012

By adding tannic acid and film-forming accelerator in the treatment solution containing titanium and zirconium ions, a golden conversion coating on the surface of aluminum alloy was prepared. The main component and corrosion resistance of the conversion coating were characterized by means of EDS, SEM, XRD and electrochemical workstation. The conversion coating was golden and showed as uniform cubical crystal. results also showed that the main component of the conversion coating was Na3AlF6. In potentiodynamic polarization test, the corrosion current density of the aluminum alloy decreases to 0.083 A•cm-2 from 5.894 A•cm-2, which indicated an obvious improvement of corrosion resistance.
Study on Productive Technology of Greensand Mold and Thick-Walled Small Piece for Nodular Cast Iron
Authors: Wang Xue Zheng , Song Xiao Rui , Zhang Ying
Published: March 2012

By intelligent use the casting head and chilling, select the appropriate chemical composition and cast, execute the technical procedure in strict rotation, promptly resolve production problems for production of qualified cast ductile iron.
Study on Photometric Performance Attenuation Law of Retroreflective Materials for Road Traffic
Authors: Li Dan , Sun Chuan Jiao , Su Wen Ying , Wang Xuan , Wang Wei
Published: March 2012

The testing and evaluation of the retroreflective materials are the basic work of the road traffic engineering quality. In this paper, artificial neural networks are used to make the study on the photometric performance attenuation law of retroreflection materials. Through the establishment of photometric prediction models to forecast reflection coefficient of the different types of retroreflective sheeting, compared with the testing values, the results showed that photometric performance attenuation law can predict the coefficient of retroreflection of retroreflective sheeting. This conclusion is important for the application of retroreflective materials.
Study on the ASTM Standard E826 and its Role in Testing Materials Homogeneity
Authors: Ning Ri Bo , Xu Song Ning , Li Qian
Published: March 2012

This paper introduced the outline of ASTM standard E826, elucidated the mathematical model and features of experimental designing of this standard. The advantages and disadvantages of this standard in practical application were clarified. Some supplements and improvements were proposed for the standard. The issue of local inhomogeneity was judged with statistical analysis method.
Study on the Deformation of the Prestress Frame of Open-Die Forging Hydraulic Press with Different Operating Modes
Authors: Gu Rui Jie , Zhang Ying Jie , Fang Zhi Yuan , Fan Yu Lin , Zhou Shao Fan , Wu Liang
Published: March 2012

The deformation of the prestress frame of open-die forging hydraulic press is studied in the paper. Firstly, the computing formula of true prestressing force of frame is deduced, and then the finite element model of prestress frame is established. With the model, the deformation of prestress frame is studied when the press works under different operating modes including upsetting, elongating and saddle forging and the effect of different operating modes on the deformation are revealed. The main achievements include: The true prestressing force of frame can be gained with nominal prestressing force, section area and working length of tension rods, section area and length of columns. Under prestress, the stress of the field of up beam and down beam acted by the axial force of tension rods and columns is bigger, that of the other field is very small. Under working loads, up beam and down beam tend to open out, tension rods and columns tend to bend in, and the bending effect cause the stress of inner field of tension rods bigger than that of outer field and the stress of inner field of columns smaller than that of outer field. The deformation of down beam under saddle forging is different with that under upsetting and elongating. The stress of center field of down beam under upsetting and elongating is higher and that of front and back field of down beam under upsetting is higher. The main achievements of the study are useful to design the prestress frame of open-die forging hydraulic press and the research method can be used to study the prestress frame of other equipments.
Study on the Key Technology of Intelligent Energy-Saving Building Glass by Nanometer Method
Authors: Luo Shu Xiang , Li Jun Ling , Song Zhen , Wang Yong Kui
Published: March 2012

At present, doors and windows are still weak parts of building envelope structure in building energy-efficiency, and these energy-saving glasses applied currently do not have the intelligent adjustment function according to temperature, that is not conducive to building energy saving. In this paper, the key technologies to make energy saving glass with intelligent regulatory functions were studied: the preparation of nanopowder with regulatory insulation function and the dispersion of the nanopowder. The results show that: the long-term stable and uniform ATO dispersion can be batch produced by choosing a suitable dispersant, applying of rod mill combined with ultrasound process. Using industrial sulfuric acid oxygen vanadium, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium tungstate as raw material the nanometer VO2 synthesized can undergo phase change at room temperature. During the phase transition it has the obvious hot optical switching characteristics, and so it has the potential to achieve intelligent control functions of building glass.
Synthesis and Deswelling Behavior of Intelligent Thermosensitive Poly(N, N-Diethylacrylamide-Co-Itaconic Acid) Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Nai Yan , Shen Yue Guo , Li Xiao Qi
Published: March 2012

Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) hydrogels possess a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at around 31oC. When the external temperature is raised above the LCST, the hydrogels experience abrupt and drastic shrinkage. This unique property makes them very useful for biomedical applications such as on-off switches for modulated drug delivery and tissue engineering. In this study, itaconic acid (IA) was co-polymerized with N, N-diethylacrylamide (DEA) monomer to improve the LCST to the physiologic temperature about 37oC. These copolymer hydrogels were prepared by changing the initial DEA/IA molar ratio and total monomer concentration. The interior morphologies of hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In comparison with the PDEA hydrogel, the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) and LCST of the hydrogels increase with the increase of IA content in the feed. The deswelling dynamics behaviors of the different composition ratios of the P(DEA-co-IA) hydrogels on the different temperatures was investigated in detail.
Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Using a Bolaform Schiff Base Amphiphile at Liquid-Liquid Interface
Authors: Wang Feng Yan , Jiao Ti Feng
Published: March 2012

Gold nanoparticles were synthesized via a bolaform amphiphile with hydrophilic ethyleneamine spacer at a liquid-liquid interface. By stirring the aqueous solution containing AuCl4- ions with the chloroform solution of bolaform amphiphile, AuCl4- ions were transferred into the oil phase and reduced to gold nanoparticles. UV-vis and FT-IR spectral measurements indicated that the bolaform amphiphile could serve as both capping and reducing agents. Crystalline gold nanoparticles were predominantly obtained if the bolaform amphiphile solutions with appropriate concentrations were applied. The generated gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force spectroscopy (AFM). It is predicted that gold and other novel metal nanostructures may be produced by bolaform amphiphiles whose properties can be well-controlled by designing different headgroups, spacers or substituted groups.
Synthesis, Characterization of Poly(Aryl Ether Sulfone)s Based on Naphthalene Isomers
Authors: Zhang Su Xia , Tang Yi Hong , Lu Yan , Niu Ya Ming
Published: March 2012

Six new poly(aryl ether sulfone)s were synthesized from 1,5-, 2,6- and 2,7- Bis-(4-fluorosulfonyl)naphthalene isomers with different diphenol. The structure of the poly(aryl ether sulfone)s were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, and the results were in good agreement with the expected structures. The glass transition temperatures were found to be in the range 219-236oC by DSC thermal analysis. The WAXD and thermogravimetric analyses revealed amorphous morphology and excellent thermal stability of the polymers.
The Analysis for Evaluation of Ceramic Tile’s Color Difference Based on CIELAB Color Space
Authors: Dai Zhe Min , Li De Sheng , Xie Hu
Published: March 2012

The color difference is one of the important evaluation index in ceramic tiles quality evaluation. So a good color difference evaluation index selecting has a great influence to the ceramic tile’s quality testing. In this paper, by computing and analyzing different color difference evaluation index, it is shown that CIE2000 formula is robust and feasible in ceramic tiles quality evaluation.
Synthesis, Properties and Application in Optical Memory of a Photochromic Diarylethene Bearing Pyrimidine and Pyridine Ring
Authors: Jing Shu Hong , Pu Shou Zhi , Cui Shi Qiang
Published: March 2012

A new photochromic diarylethene compound, 1-(2,4-dimethoxy-5-pyrimidine)-2-[2-methyl-5-(3-pyridine)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene(1a), was synthesized, and its photochromic reactivity, fluorescent and electrochemical property were also investigated. Diarylethene 1a changed the color from colorless to pink upon irradiation with UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 520 and 519 nm in hexane and PMMA film, respectively. The the photochromic reaction kinetics indicated that the cyclization processes of 1 belong to the zeroth order reaction and the cycloreversion process belong to the first order reaction. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable fluorescence switching in hexane solution and this new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable optical storage character.
The Damped Eigenfrequency Analysis for an Elastic Disk Clamped by a Water-Filled Cylinder
Authors: Yang Zhi Xi
Published: March 2012

A vibroacoustic testing model in laboratory for the damped eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes is introduced in this paper. The unsymmetric (u, p) variational formulas are implemented for three dimensional structures based on the elastodynamic displacement field u and the fluid acoustic pressure field p. The damping coefficients of materials seem to have no obvious effect on the coupled numerical model. Then the damped eigenfrequencies can alternately be obtained by vibration signal analysis method. The Fast Fourier Transform for the spectrum domain analysis illustrates an effective means to evaluate the damped eigenfrequencies.
The Catalytic Properties of the Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template in Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Cun Jing
Published: March 2012

Both the catalytic property of the pore walls and the catalytic property of the top surface of AAO templates were closely investigated by pyrolizing acetylene at 650°C for 5min and 1h respectively. The conclusion that the top surface of the AAO template with smaller diameters has a stronger catalytic property was drawn. And the effects of the reaction time, the reaction gas flow rate and the location where the AAO template was placed on the properties of AAO templates were discussed. Furthermore, this paper proposed that in the competitive between catalyzes of AAO templates and the transition metal catalysts, the transition metal catalysts will play a dominant role in the formation of CNTs by adjusting the quantity of the transition metal catalysts embedded in AAO templates
The Preparation of O-Carboxymethyl-Chitosan and its Particles
Authors: Shang Xiao Xian , Du Jiao , Zhang Hong Yan
Published: March 2012

The active site of chitosan is protected basing on amino reaction method of reaction between benzaldehyde and chitosan to form Schiff. The O-carboxymethyl chitosan is obtained by the method that taking chloroactic acid to hydroxyl of chitosan as modifier in alkaline conditions to form amino protection and then remove the protection in acid conditions. The O-carboxymethyl chitosan particles with particle size distribution of 15-50μm is prepared by emulsification cross- linking method.
The Numerical Simulation on Steam-Water Two-Phase Flow Field of Car Exhaust Pipe
Authors: Liu Qing Guo , Ma Yan
Published: March 2012

The flow field of car exhaust pipe using ethanol gasoline has been researched, the continuity equation of a mixed two-phase model have been established by means of the mathematical model of two-phase flow field, and the simulation for the velocity distribution of droplets radial slipping in exhaust gas have been achieved. By using the divided grid and setting these four boundary conditions as conditions of the entrance, flow conditions at the end of the export, overflow conditions of the export, solid-wall boundary conditions, the iterative steps of calculation process and the relationship among the residuals of various parameters have been obtained. State of exhaust flow have been calculated using algebraic slip model (ASM) ,obtaining the distribution rule of the internal flow field in exhaust pipe for the disconnection of steam-water ,and the characteristics relationship of separation for two-phase flow field of steam-water. The characteristic relationship among flow, split ratio and separation efficiency have been numerically simulated. The existence of the best range of split ratio for a particular exhaust pipe has been confirmed.
The High Stability Mesoporous MgO-ZrO2 Materials as CO2 Adsorbents
Authors: Fu Xin
Published: March 2012

A novel CO2 absorbent, MgO-ZrO2 nanocomposite was synthesized via appropriate sol-gel process. The structure and surface properties of the as-prepared materials were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption and CO2-TPD techniques. It was found the as-prepared materials showed high thermal stability, and their mesoporous framework was well preserved even after calcinations at 700oC. In addition, the nanocomposites exhibited appropriate basic strength and the basic sites were tightly anchored to the substrate, which greatly improved the stability of the surface basicity. Owing to the advantages of the mesoporous structure and the surface basicity, the as-prepared MgO-ZrO2 nanocomposites showed high CO2 adsorption capacity. Moreover, the high thermal stability of MgO-ZrO2 could greatly increase their performance in high-temperature application, which remarkably overcame the poor thermal stability of those organic group grafted porous silicas.
Synthesis of Carbon Spheres with Controllable Size Distribution by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Chen Lei Shan , Wang Cun Jing
Published: March 2012

Carbon spheres were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. The products deposited at different zones were separately collected. Furthermore, an anodic aluminum oxide template was used to control the size of carbon spheres. The products were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that carbon spheres with controllable size distribution were obtained and the size distribution of these carbon spheres can be controlled to some degree by deposition zone and anodic aluminum oxide template.
The Research of β-SiCp/Al Electronic Packaging Composites Fabricated by Pressureless Infiltrating
Authors: Wang Xiao Gang , Ren Huai Yan , Zhu Ming , Deng Li Rong , Lu Shu He
Published: March 2012

The β-SiCp/Al electronic packaging composites with excellent performance were successfully fabricated by pressureless infiltration technology in air.The effects of alloying elements, infiltration temperature and time on infiltration process and application of -SiC were studied.The results show that by adding appropriate magnesium to aluminum matrix, a interface reaction between oxide films of SiC and magnesium occurs, and the interface reaction product MgAl2O4 is generated, the interface wettability of Al and SiC and pressureless infiltration are improved.The interface harmful phase Al4C3 can be inhibited by adding silicon to aluminum matrix.Identified 850°C for the best infiltration temperature, and the thickness with infiltration time and larger, infiltration rate is about 10mm/hour.Under the same parameter conditions, the thermal properties of β-SiCp/Al electronic packaging material are 4 ~ 6% higher than that of ɑ-SiCp/Al. The β-SiCp/Al electronic packaging materials with 66% SiC volume ratio has lower coefficiency of thermal expansion than those ɑ-SiCp/Al electronic packaging materials.And the thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of β-SiCp/Al electronic material can satisfy the requirements for electronic packaging materials.
The Constraints on the Parameters in the Decay Process μ → e γ and μ →3e at Tree Level in the Hung Model
Authors: Bu Jian Ping , Jia Bei
Published: March 2012

The smallness of neutrino masses is naturally explained by the seesaw mechanism, which is usually implemented by assuming a small Dirac mass of order charged leptons’ and a large mass of sterile neutrinos of order GUT scale [1]. This makes heavy neutrinos experimentally inaccessible. If heavy neutrinos have a mass of order electroweak scale, they could be detected at high energy colliders. A model with this feature built in has been suggested recently by Hung. We analyze the constraints on the unknown parameters in the decay and .
Data Aggregation with End-to-End Security for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Guo Jiang Hong , Wu Jian Qiang , Wu Xi Hong
Published: March 2012

Secure end-to-end data transmission is an important method to protect the data privacy in wireless sensor networks. Authors proposed a data aggregation scheme with end-to-end security for wireless sensor networks. The plaintext of sensor readings only appeared in source node and remote server, the aggregators completed the data integrity verification, sender identity authentication and data aggregation without the plaintext. Analysis and simulation show that our scheme has higher security in terms of resilient against malicious attacks and reduces the communication overhead effectively
The Influence of the Post-Annealing Temperature on the Crystalline Orientation and the Crystallinity of PZT Films
Authors: Wan Jing , Yang Cheng Tao , Gao Yang
Published: March 2012

In this article, based on nucleation and growth mechanism of films, different process conditions of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) had been investigated to attain different orientation and the crystallinity of PZT film. At first, the PZT films had been fabricated by magnetron sputtering on Si/SiO2/Ti/Pt substrates, then crystallized by different stepped rapid thermal annealing process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the crystal structures of the films and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface morphology of the films. As a conclusion about the research is that it is good for controlling the crystallographic orientation and enhancing the crystallinity of PZT film by different stepped rapid thermal annealing process
The Method Research of Parameter Identification of Li-Ion Battery Base on Least Square Method
Authors: Feng Jin , He Yong Ling , Bao Ran
Published: March 2012

This paper described the theory of parameter identification of Li-ion battery base on least square method. The result of voltage response by HPPC test is discussed. The model parameter is identified through least square method. The battery model is built with Matlab/Simulink and the identified parameter is verified. The result indicated that the least square method is suitable for parameter identification of Li-ion battery equivalent circuit model.
Prediction and Analysis of Tunnel Crown Settlement Based on Grey System Theory
Authors: Deng Tong Fa , Gui Yong , Yan Ji Yang
Published: March 2012

Monitoring measurement is of vital importance in mastering surrounding rocks dynamic, adjusting support parameters and determining reasonable supporting time in road tunnel construction using new Austrian method. The grey system theory can predict the development of surrounding rocks and the time required for the steady state by analysis and processing with a few original data. In this paper, the grey system theory was applied in the prediction of the crown settlement of Jiulianshan Mountain Tunnel and compared with the traditional regression analysis method. The results show that the grey system theory has great advantages in the prediction of the tunnel crown settlement
Movement Mechanism Analysis of Electromechanical Worm Drive
Authors: Guan Xue Mei , Xu Li Zhong
Published: March 2012

In this study, an electromechanical integrated electromagnetism worm drive is proposed and its operating principle is introduced. The equations of electromechanical coupled force and the systematic output torque for the drive are given by means of electromagnetism harmonic drive and permanent magnet worm drive transmission principle . By using an example to analysis the system output moment distribution. This paper lays the theoretic foundation for deeper theoretic analysis on drive and manufacture technologies study.
Research on Electromagnetic Catapult-Oriented Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor
Authors: Liu Ji Zhu , Sun Ming Chong , Chen Tao , Pan Ming Qiang
Published: March 2012

Compared with steam catapult device, electromagnetic catapult device has high catapult energy, low system weight, high efficiency etc., so electromagnetic catapult makes an important developing direction for the aircraft carrier catapult. According to the technical requirements of electromagnetic catapult, the paper analyses the factors that affect the efficiency of electromagnetic catapult, proposes the method of using slotting PMLSM in low-speed segment and non-slotting PMLSM in high-speed segment to drive, which improves the systematic efficiency of the catapult process. The paper designs a structure of PMLSM assembled by stator modules. Also researches on PMLSM using the designing method of finite element, analyses the structural parameters the influences have on the thrust force of slotting and non-slotting motor, presents the optimal motor structural parameters, and at last proves the correctness of the theoretical analysis through experiment.
Structural Optimization Design and Experiment Investigation of Electric-Pneumatic Converter Device Based on the Principle of Nozzle Flapper
Authors: Li Dong Ming , Tian Xiao Jing , Jia Ying , Cui Yun Xian
Published: March 2012

In this paper, a new electric-pneumatic convert device with piezoelectric composite disc as actuator is proposed. The new convert device break through traditional principle of force balance, which the parameters optimization to the whole air course and the structure of piezoelectric actuators were carried on by orthogonal experiment method. Experimental results show that the new device character is effected seriously by original installation site and has the characters of fast response, sensitive reaction, stable performance and meet the requirement of air pressure output between 0.02MPa and 0.1 MPa in industrial field with low voltage, which provides good basis of development of electric-pneumatic convert valve with new piezoelectric structure.
Research on Enhanced of Mine-Underground Picture
Authors: Zhao Meng Ling , Jiang Min Xia
Published: March 2012

Because of the based on S3C6410 Field information recorder mine- underground non-uniform illumination and mine- underground non-uniform illumination that a large of noise collected and transferred,image is low contrast ,dim and dark. Based on the theory of Donoho's wavelet threshold denoising, several typical wavelet threshold denoising methods are compared.the best denoising effect of peak signal to noise ratio is obtained. The image enhancement method that combination of the adaptive thresholding denoising and histogram equalization is proposed. The experiment result shows that the method has a good denoising performance, which removed the readout noise of CCD Camera,at the same time, image quality is improved .So the wavelet enhancement in image processing of mine- underground can improve image quality.
Research on Velocity Servo-Based Hybrid Position/Force Control Scheme for a Grinding Robot
Authors: Zhang Qing Wei , Han Li Li , Xu Fang , Jia Kai
Published: March 2012

In this paper, a velocity servo-based hybrid position/force control scheme for a grinding robot is presented. It simultaneously performs stable force control and exact position control along curved surface for a grinding robot. The force feedback loop changing the force to velocity, which will be used in the velocity servo-based robot, can control the force directly and has a faster response. The position feedback loop controls the grinding tool in a desired trajectory in Cartesian space. An overview of the control algorithm as well as the force data signal processing and the communication between force sensor and robot controller is described.
Temperature Compensation Experiment of Love Wave Sensor
Authors: Hu You Wang , Xiang Ji Wen , Sun Xiao Yan
Published: March 2012

Love wave sensor is one of the most promising SAW sensors for liquid detection, because of acoustic energy can be confined in sensing surface by waveguide layer of Love wave sensor, which resulted in higher sensitivity to surface perturbations. Temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) has deep effect on effective sensitivity of Love wave sensor. In order to improve the performance of Love wave sensor, the theoretical relationship of TCF on substrates and guiding layers temperature properties is researched. It found that reasonable combinations of substrates and guiding layers was a feasible method to obtain effective temperature compensation, and experimental TCF of sensitive element is reduced to 0.75ppm/°C by this method.
The Clutch Engagement Strategy Research Based on the Multi-Condition in the Off-Road Vehicle Starting Stage
Authors: Yang Yao Dong , Zhao Xin Xin , Wang Xiu Tong
Published: March 2012

For the engagement way of the traditional transmission clutch, no matter in the stable situation or dynamic situation, it just can reflect the running status of the off-road vehicle but not the status in the ramp, At the same time, whether the vehicle is in full load or not is neglected either. In this paper, we focus on the changeable complicated road situation to analyze the parameter status in the whole process and make up a reasonable clutch engagement strategy when the car starts up
A Limited Interval Gradient Projection Algorithm for Inverse Kinematics
Authors: Song Wei , Hu Guang
Published: March 2012

The Jacobian inverse(JI) method is a well-known algorithms used for inverse kinematics solutions in motion generation. JI algorithm can be easily implemented, but it can generate singularity problems and it is not straight forward to implement constraints in the JI method. This paper presents a novel gradient projection algorithm that can convert the inverse kinematics problem to a constraint nonlinear programming problem. Meanwhile, by changing the programming time of each frame, local linearization of the nonlinear function and limited interval computing can be achieved simultaneously. Experimental results are presented to show the performance benefits of the proposed algorithm over JI methods.
The Lightning Current Measurement Based on Wavelet Transform
Authors: Liu Xin
Published: March 2012

The current model of the lightning process is established and simulated in this article, and aiming at the disadvantage that the hardware filtering de-noising method adopted in the general lightning measurement system can not effectively separate signals and noises in same one frequency channel, this article uses the wavelet transform to replace the usual hardware filtering method in the lightning measurement system in order to overcome the disadvantage, and simulate this method. The result shows that this method is feasible and effective, with certain theoretical and practical values.
The Research of City Walkthrough System Based on Voice Navigation
Authors: Zheng Gang , Xu Ping , Xin Huan
Published: March 2012

Digital walkthrough technology has been widely applied in the city planning in resent years, while the existing techniques of digital walkthrough has the disadvantage of unitary operation and speech interaction deficiency. Based on the above analysis, aimed to overcome the conventional techniques disadvantage, the paper introduces the novel theory of virtual technology and voice control technology, researching the application of voice navigation in digital walkthrough designed and studied by combining the actual need of the city planning.
The Study on Dual Excitation Synchronous Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machines for Electrical Vehicle
Authors: Wang Bing
Published: March 2012

In this paper we presented the study of a dual excitation synchronous machine designed for dual electrical or full electrical vehicle application. This machine combines two excitation flux sources: permanent magnets and DC excitation coils that are situated in the stator and the rotor is fully passive. For the studied application, the considered driving cycle was presented and it was shown that the required performances are highly variables. We presented with details the Dual Excitation Synchronous Machine Flux Switching (DEFSSM) for witch control parameters were optimized in order to optimize power losses for each operating point of the considered driving cycle.
Theoretical Analysis of Granularity Control of Particles
Authors: Deng Yuan Chao , Chen Pei Jun
Published: March 2012

Splintering substance while using particle screening or grading equipment for screening of particle processing at the same time can meet the needs of the production process Cost-effectively .With screening or grading equipment with mill use, we can use a single parameter,two-parameter and multi-parameter three ways respectively. In this article, we report our theoretical analysis on the conditions of a single parameter, two-parameter and multi-parameter control.
Vision-Based Deformation Measurement of Loaded Three-Ring Chain
Authors: Peng Yin , Wang Lei , Jiang Xiao Feng , Zhang Feng Ling , Xiao Gui Xiang
Published: March 2012

The deformation measurement of loaded Three-Ring Chains is of great significance for production safety. In this study, a machine vision system for measuring deformation of loaded Three-Ring chains is developed. The measuring system uses a back diffuse light illumination and a CMOS industrial camera. A measurement algorithm based on sub-pixel edge extraction, contour segmentation, contour fitting is designed. The system can measure the long axis length of outer diameter (OLL) of the each ring of loaded three-ring chains. For the visual system, the absolute error is 0.004 mm, the standard deviation is 0.0024 mm. For the whole system, the absolute error is less than 0.015 mm, the relative error to the full-length of chain is less than 0.25 ‰, the relative error to the total amount of the stretching deformation is less than 2‰.
One Kind of Flight Control System Design for Separation Section in Cruise Missile
Authors: Yuan Xiao Dong , Gao Shi Qiao
Published: March 2012

Separation section is the most complex and dramatic stage in disturbing the cruise missile during the entire flight trajectory. The characteristic of low-altitude, low-speed, non-aileron flight separation of the missile propelled by rocket was analyzed in this paper. Classic engineering methods and neural network dynamic inversion methods was used to design control system, and two different control methods were compared.
A New Algorithm for Tracking a Maneuvering Target
Authors: Quan Hong Wei , Peng Dong Liang , Xue An Ke
Published: March 2012

A new algorithm for tracking a maneuvering target in presence of clutter or false measurements is addressed. Due to the availability of feature or attribute information in measurement vector, a joint probability density function description of the target state and target class is given. Using the joint state-class description the predictive measurement pdf can be proven to be a Gaussian mixture distribution. A Gaussian mixture Kalman filter is used for state estimation, where maneuver detection can also be avoided. In simulation the results with three tracking algorithms are compared, which have shown that proposed method here is more effective.
Application of SVM Classifier and Fractal Feature in Circuit Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Mao Jing Kui , Mao Xian Bai
Published: March 2012

Combining SVM and fractal theory, a novel fault diagnosis method for analog circuits based on SVM using fractal dimension is developed in this paper. Simulation results of diagnosing the Sallen-Key band pass filter circuit have confirmed that the proposed approach increases the fault diagnosis accuracy, thereby it may be considered as an alternative for the analog fault diagnosis.
Measurement of Axial Impact Force of Pipeline Transporting Thick Pastes
Authors: Hao Xue Di , Xin Chen , Cheng Xin , Wu Miao
Published: March 2012

Due to alternating work mode of twin-cylinder of solid pump during high pressure pipeline transporting thick pastes, largde axial impact force is exerted on the pipeline, which makes pipe clamps, supports and bolts of flange damage to failure. By using twin dynamic force transducers and designing coresponding installation components for the transducers, impact forces at different flow rates, positions of the pipeline and transportation pressures were measured. Conclusions can be drawn as following: impact force increases with increasing flow rate, and decreases with increasing distance from the outlet of pump. The increased amount of impact force with increasing flow rate is larger under larger transportation pressure than that under samller transportation pressure. It is better to transport thick pastes at low system pressure, and to install more pipe clamps in the front part, and reverse in the back part of pipeline.
Mobile Robot Dynamic Path Planning Based on Artificial Potential Field Approach
Authors: Shi Pu , Hua Jian Ning
Published: March 2012

Artificial potential field based mobile robot path planning approaches have been widely used. However, most methods are applied in the static environment where the target and the obstacles are stationary. In this paper, a potential field approach used in dynamic situation is proposed. Its major characteristics include a new attractive potential function as well as a repulsive potential function. The former takes the relative position and velocity between the robot and the target into consideration; the latter takes into account the relative position and velocity between the robot and the obstacles. The proposed approach guarantees the robot can track the moving target while escape from moving obstacles. Simulation experiments are carried out and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new potential field method.
Feed-Forward Compensated PD Controller and PD Robust Controller Simulation Comparison on Uncertain Single-Manipulator
Authors: Wang Ji Yan , Xu Tian , Ni Zheng Yin
Published: March 2012

2D rotary robotic manipulator is an ordinary mechanical structure of industrial robot. PD control is an ever-developing method for the dynamic characteristics controlling. By the co-simulation on ADAMS and Matlab/Simulink, the paper designs a feed-forward compensation PD controller and PD robust controller based on single-manipulator model and completes track and velocity control trial respectively. Through result comparison and analysis, the superiority of PD robust controller for uncertain single-manipulator is verified.
Heat and Mass Transfer at High Speed Filtration in Porous Media and Packed Beds
Authors: Gorin Alexander
Published: March 2012

Packed beds composed of spherical balls are used for the study of transfer processes in porous media at turbulent filtration. The paper summarizes the development of a physical modelling of transfer processes in packed beds. It is shown that the available quantitative measurements of structural characteristics of infiltrated flow in packed beds such as the near-wall zone velocity and temperature profiles and velocity pulsation spectra follow the similarity laws of turbulent separated flows that have been developed by the author and are represented in the first part of the paper. These facts supported by visual observations of flow patterns in packed beds from various authors allow implementing the analogy between transfer processes mechanism in turbulent separated flows and convective transfer processes in near-wall zone of surfaces embedded in grainy layers, or ducts filled with packed bed, at high Reynolds numbers. This approach has resulted in the asymptotic heat and mass transfer law. The universal character of the heat and mass transfer law for the surfaces embedded in grainy layer is confirmed by the authors data and data from many other studies.
The Coke and Iron Ore Materials Kinetic Characteristics and Quantitative Indicators of Blast Furnace Process
Authors: Dmitriev A.N. , Chesnokov Yu.A. , Arzhadeeva G.Yu.
Published: March 2012

The most important problem at the blast furnace process developing is the great coke consumption decreasing at the minimization of the general energy costs. One of the most effective ways of iron-making technical progress is the iron ore materials and coke physicochemical properties improvement which allows to increase the iron productivity and decrease the specific coke rate without construction of new blast furnaces and concentrating mills. Some of the quality indicators of iron ore raw materials and coke and their influence on the main parameters of a blast furnace smelting are considered in the paper.
Cadmium Sulfide and Zinc Sulfide Nanostructures Formed by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Vázquez Alejandro , López Israel , Gómez Idalia
Published: March 2012

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanostructures were formed by means of electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles with mean diameter of 6 nm and 20 nm, respectively. Nanoparticles were prepared by a microwave assisted synthesis in aqueous dispersion and electrophoretically deposited on aluminum plates. CdS thin films and ZnS one-dimensional nanostructures were grown on the negative electrodes after 24 hours of electrophoretic deposition at direct current voltage. CdS and ZnS nanostructures were characterized by means of scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopies analysis. CdS thin films homogeneity can be tunable varying the strength of the applied electric field. Deposition at low electric field produces thin films with particles aggregates, whereas deposition at relative high electric field produces smoothed thin films. The one-dimensional nanostructure size can be also controlled by the electric field strength. Two different mechanisms are considered in order to describe the formation of the nanostructures: lyosphere distortion and thinning and subsequent dipole-dipole interactions phenomena are proposed as a possible mechanism of the one-dimensional nanostructures, and a mechanism considering pre-deposition interactions of the CdS nanoparticles is proposed for the CdS thin films formation.
Electrochemical Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Films Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Pilan Luisa , Raicopol Matei , Damian Celina , Ioniţă Mariana
Published: March 2012

In this paper, we report an electrode coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) thin-film prepared by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. SWCNTs electrodes are fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates using a mixture of CNTs and a cationic detergent tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by applying a negative voltage to the ITO glass plate. The functionalization of these nanotubes is then achieved via electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts, in a manner similar to that employed for functionalization of other carbon surfaces. A variety of diazonium salts have been used, including those that provide moieties conducive to further elaboration after attachment to the nanotubes.
Fabrication of Polyaniline/Carbon Nanotubes Composites Using Carbon Nanotubes Films Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Pilan Luisa , Raicopol Matei , Ioniţă Mariana
Published: March 2012

In this study, we report a facile electrochemical method to obtain polyaniline/single-wall carbon nanotubes (PANI/SWCNTs) composite electrodes by combining the electroreduction of diazonium salts and electropolymerization of conductive polymers. In a first step, the SWCNTs are covalently functionalized with diphenyl amine through the electrochemical reduction of the 4-aminodiphenylamine diazonium salt in order to provide anchors for the subsequent polymer electrodepostion. The aniline oxidation remains possible on this grafted layer and PANI can easily be deposited on the diphenyl amine-modified electrodes. The electrochemically deposited PANI/SWCNTs composites exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties making them promising electrode materials for high power supercapacitors.
Electrophoretic Deposition of PEEK-TiO2 Composite Coatings on Stainless Steel
Authors: Seuss Sigrid , Subhani Tayyab , Kang Min Yi , Okudaira Kenji , Aguilar Ventura Isaac E. , Boccaccini Aldo Roberto
Published: March 2012

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been successfully used to deposit composite coatings composed of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on 316L stainless steel substrates. The suspensions of TiO2 nanoparticles and PEEK microparticles for EPD were prepared in ethanol. PEEK-TiO2 composite coatings were optimized using suspensions containing 6wt% PEEK-TiO2 in ethanol with a 3:1 ratio of PEEK to TiO2 in weight and by applying a potential difference of 30 V for 1 minute. A heat-treatment process of the optimized PEEK-TiO2 composite coatings was performed at 335°C for 30 minutes with a heating rate of 10°Cminto densify the deposits. The EPD coatings were microstructurally evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was demonstrated that EPD is a convenient and rapid method to fabricate PEEK/TiO2 coatings on stainless steel which are interesting for biomedical applications.
Corrosion Resistance Study of Electrophoretic Deposited Hydroxyapatite on Stainless Steel for Implant Applications
Authors: Chew Kean Khoon , Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein , Latif Ahmad Abdul , McPhail David S. , Boccaccini Aldo Roberto
Published: March 2012

Stainless steel (SS) is often used for orthopaedic and dental implants because of its excellent mechanical characteristics. However, from an electrochemical perspective, SS can be susceptible to corrosion-related problems. Inorganic bioactive coatings on SS surfaces are reported to impart corrosion resistance and enhance biocompatibility. In this paper, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were developed on SS 316L by an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique at applied deposition voltages from 10 to 60 V in an acidic aqueous solution. The present study was performed to optimise the applied voltage required to produce stable HA coatings on SS 316L. Their corrosion resistance in simulated body conditions were investigated using the potentiodynamic polarisation curves. The results of the electrochemical studies revealed that the optimal applied voltage for EPD of HA on SS 316L was 40 V. The polarisation parameters, such as the corrosion potential, breakdown potential and repassivation potential of HA coated materials demonstrated nobler behaviours than the uncoated SS 316L. These results validated the successful formation of stable and protective HA coatings on SS 316L.
EPD of Reverse Micelle Pd and Pt Nanoparticles onto InP and GaN for High-Response Hydrogen Sensors
Authors: Zdansky Karel , Yatskiv Roman , Cernohorsky Ondrej , Piksova Katerina
Published: March 2012

We investigated properties of nanolayers electrophoretically deposited (EPD) onto semiconductor indium phosphide (InP) or gallium nitride (GaN) single crystals from colloid solutions of metal palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) or bimetallic Pd/Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in isooctane. Colloids with metal NPs were prepared by reaction of metal compounds with the reducing agent hydrazine in water confined to reverse micelles of surfactant AOT.. Chopped DC electric voltage was applied for the time period to deposit metal NPs, only partly covering surface of the wafer. The deposits were image-observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)..Diodes with porous Schottky contacts were made by printing colloidal graphite on the NPs deposited surface and making ohmic contact on the blank side of the wafer. The diodes showed current-voltage characteristics of excellent rectification ratio and barrier height values close to Schottky-Mott limit, which was an evidence of negligible Fermi level pinning. Large increase of current was observed after switching on a flow of gas blend hydrogen in nitrogen (H2/N2). The diodes were measured with various H2/N2in the range from 1000 ppm to 1 ppm of H2. Current change ratios about 106and about 10 were achieved with 1000 ppm and 1 ppm H2/N2.