bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Azerbaijan's Missed Opportunities
Authors: Guliyev Farid
Published: May 2020

The consequences of this missed opportunity are serious and will be felt in the not-so-distant future when the oil deposits have drained away.
The Price of Excluding the ‘Unworthy’
Authors: Wanner Catherine
Published: May 2020

A medical anthropologist explains how a popular view of drug addicts as devoid of morality and autonomy has contributed to an HIV/AIDS epidemic in Ukraine.
How Inmates Help Run Philippine Prisons
Authors: Jones Clarke , Narag Raymund
Published: May 2020

Prison officers and inmates reconcile tensions between formal and informal policies, rules, and practices.
Reconsidering the Iranian Revolution, Forty Years Later
Authors: Ghamari-Tabrizi Behrooz
Published: May 2020

Today it is hard to imagine the connection between the world that revolutionary impulse envisioned and the actuality it generated in the Islamic Republic.
Emotion and Authoritarian Rule in Syria
Authors: Al-Ghazzi Omar
Published: May 2020

Two authors explore the mixture of violence, ideology, fear, and aspiration that the authoritarian regime has relied on to stay in power for several turbulent decades.
A Decoy Library Uncovers U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases That Regulate Flowering Time inArabidopsis
Authors: Feke Ann M , Hong Jing , Liu Wei , Gendron Joshua M
Published: May 2020

The ubiquitin proteasome system plays an essential role in the regulation of flowering time, a precisely timed developmental transition necessary for plant fitness. However, the full impact...

Targeted degradation of proteins is mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases and is important for the execution of many biological processes. Redundancy has prevented the genetic characterization of many E3 ubiquitin ligases in plants. Here, we performed a reverse genetic screen in Arabidopsis using a library of dominant-negative U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligases to identify their roles in flowering time and reproductive development. We identified five U-box decoy transgenic populations that have defects in flowering time or the floral development program. We used additional genetic and biochemical studies to validate PLANT U-BOX 14 (PUB14), MOS4-ASSOCIATED COMPLEX 3A (MAC3A), and MAC3B as bona fide regulators of flowering time. This work demonstrates the widespread importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases in floral reproductive development. Furthermore, it reinforces the necessity of dominant-negative strategies for uncovering previously unidentified regulators of developmental transitions in an organism with widespread genetic redundancy, and provides a basis on which to model other similar studies.
A Family of Auxiliary Subunits of the TRP Cation Channel Encoded by the Complex inaF Locus
Authors: Chen Zijing , Montell Craig
Published: May 2020

TRP channels function in many types of sensory receptor cells. Despite extensive analyses, an open question is whether there exists a family of auxiliary subunits, which could influence localization, trafficking, and function of TRP channels. Here, using Drosophila melanogaster, we reveal a previously unknown TRP interacting protein, INAF-C, which is expressed exclusively in the ultraviolet-sensing R7 photoreceptor cells. INAF-C is encoded by an unusual locus comprised of four distinct coding regions, which give rise to four unique single-transmembrane-containing proteins. With the exception of INAF-B, roles for the other INAF proteins were unknown. We found that both INAF-B and INAF-C are required for TRP stability and localization in R7 cells. Conversely, loss of just INAF-B greatly reduced TRP from other types of photoreceptor cells, but not R7. The requirements for TRP and INAF are reciprocal, since loss of TRP decreased the concentrations of both INAF-B and INAF-C. INAF-A, which is not normally expressed in photoreceptor cells, can functionally substitute for INAF-B, indicating that it is a third TRP auxiliary protein. Reminiscent of the structural requirements between Kv channels and KCNE auxiliary subunits, the codependencies of TRP and INAF depended on several transmembrane domains (TMDs) in TRP, and the TMD and the C-terminus of INAF-B. Our studies support a model in which the inaF locus encodes a family of at least three TRP auxiliary subunits.
Clinico-pathological spectrum of cutaneous sarcoidosis: an experience from a government institute in North India
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Jain Ekta , Dhingra Harshi , Mohan Harsh , Thami GP
Published: May 2020

Background and aims. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology and cutaneous involvement is the second most frequent manifestation in systemic sarcoidosis.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical and pathological spectrum of cutaneous sarcoidosis and compare the same with literature available.

Methods. The present retrospective study was conducted from January 2010–March 2015 and fifteen cases diagnosed as cutaneous sarcoidosis on biopsy were reviewed. The histological spectrum of cutaneous sarcoidosis was evaluated.

Results. The mean age at diagnosis was 46 years. Nine (60%) cases out of 15 were females. Most common cutaneous lesions were nodules (46.6%) followed by papules (40%). Classically, lymphocyte-poor, non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas, was the most common histologic finding. Inclusion bodies were seen in 20% cases with occasional presence of fibrinoid necrosis (13.3%). Peri-adnexal granuloma, seen in one case, raised the possibility of tuberculoid leprosy. Foreign body was seen in one case supporting the opinion that sarcoidosis and granulomatous foreign body reaction are not mutually exclusive. Epidermal changes including atrophy, loss of rete pegs, acanthosis, papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and basal cell vacuolation were seen in 46.6% cases. Reticulin was positive in all the cases while special stains for acid fast bacilli and fungi were negative.

Conclusion. The clinical presentation of cutaneous sarcoidosis may be variable. Presence of naked, reticulin-rich granulomas is the most characteristic histopathological finding. Correlation of clinical history with histologic examination is essential to exclude other granulomatous diseases including leprosy, syphilis, other infectious granulomatous diseases and foreign body reaction.
Rancang Bangun Autonomous Robot Tank dengan Metode Waypoint Berbasis Raspberry Pi
Authors: Rahimatullah Juanda , Muda Nur Rachman Supadmana , Fahmi MHD Iqbal , Akbari Zani
Published: May 2020

Pada era perang modern, robot digunakan untuk melakukan penyerangan terhadap sasaran untuk memperkecil kerugian personel. Autonomous robot tank merupakan robot yang bergerak otomatis dengan menghindari rintangan yang berada didepannya. Sistem Navigasi Waypoint digunakan pada autonomous robot tank untuk menentukan pergerakan robot dari titik kordinat satu ke titik kordinat lain berdasarkan sistem kordinat bumi, menentukan arah, dan jarak dalam mencari sasaran tanpa harus full control. Operator hanya menentukan titik sasaran yang akan dilakukan penyerangan maka robot tank akan dengan sendirinya bergerak menuju sasaran. Modul GPS akan membaca koordinat dimana posisi dari mobile robot berada, dan modul magnetic compass digunakan untuk menentukan arah tujuan robot tank bergerak. Obstacle avoidance system menerima sinyal dari sensor ultrasonic ketika ada benda halangan didepannya untuk menghindari benda tersebut. Hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa sistem navigasi waypoint pada robot dapat menuju tepat ke daerah sasaran musuh serta menghindari halangan di depannya dan selanjutnya kembali pada jalur navigasi menuju titik yang sudah ditentukan. Penelitian ini sangat berguna bagi TNI dalam melaksanakan penyerangan maupun pengintaian pada daerah operasi dengan memanfaatkan autonomous robot tank.
Smart Home System Berbasis IoT dan SMS
Authors: Andrianto Heri , Saputra Gandha Intan
Published: May 2020

Pada umumnya, pemilik rumah merasa cemas ketika meninggalkan rumah dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Kemajuan teknologi pada saat ini memungkinkan pengembangan perangkat IoT untuk melakukan pengawasan dan pengendalian berbagai peralatan elektronik kapan saja dan mana saja. Pada makalah ini, kami telah merancang dan merealisasikan smart home system berbasis IoT dan SMS untuk mengendalikan dan mengawasi peralatan elektronik rumah serta mengirimkan pemberitahuan kejadian penting kepada pemilik rumah melalui SMS. Pengawasan dan pengendalian peralatan elektronik rumah dilakukan melalui web, sedangkan pemberitahuan adanya pencuri dan kebocoran gas dikirimkan kepada pemilik rumah melalui SMS. Perangkat keras yang digunakan pada smart home system terdiri dari arduino mega2560, modul IoT (Esp8266), modul GSM (SIM800L), sensor gerakan (PIR), sensor suhu dan kelembaban (DHT11), sensor cahaya (LDR), sensor gas (MQ2), dan modul RTC (DS1307). Hasil pengujian smart home system secara keseluruhan menunjukan bahwa sistem telah berfungsi dengan baik dan memiliki tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 100%.
Visiones sobre la relación entre el derecho y la fuerza
Authors: Atienza Manuel
Published: May 2020

El tema de la coaccion como elemento central del derecho ha vuelto en el debate contemporaneo. En este ensayo se analizan cinco contribuciones procedentes de la sociologia juridica posmoderna, de la jurisprudence analitica y de la teoria del derecho natural. El fin es valorar la consistencia de las propuestas y de su interes para la comprension del derecho.
El Derecho como instrumento de educación moral
Authors: Contreras Francisco-José
Published: May 2020

La tradicion central de la filosofia moral y politica occidental fue perfeccionista, es decir, entendio que el Derecho y el Estado podian y debian contribuir al perfeccionamiento moral de las personas. Este trabajo examina la argumentacion perfeccionista de Aristoteles, San Agustin y Santo Tomas, asi como el ≪principio del dano≫ de John Stuart Mill, referencia clasica del antiperfeccionismo. Reconstruye tambien la polemica entre Patrick Devlin y H.L.A. Hart sobre la cuestion de las ≪leyes sobre moralidad≫. Finalmente, propone la obra de Rawls como paradigma de antiperfeccionismo contemporaneo, mientras el ≪liberalismo perfeccionista≫ de Joseph Raz y las consideraciones de Robert P. George sobre la ≪ecologia moral≫ son analizadas como exponentes de un perfeccionismo a la altura de los tiempos.
La Corte IDH y su dinamismo institucional a lo largo de sus cuatro primeras décadas
Authors: Santiago Alfonso
Published: May 2020

Este ano se cumplen los cuarenta anos del inicio de la labor de la Corte Interamericana. En el articulo se analizan algunas de las principales tendencias que han caracterizado la actuacion de este tribunal a lo largo de sus primeras cuatro decadas de existencia. Se pone de manifiesto el caracter crecimiento expansivo y se advierte sobre algunos de los riesgos que ello trae consigo.
El derecho a la vida cuando ésta es frágil como una exigencia de justicia: la perspectiva que ofrecen las acciones de "wrongful birth" y "wrongful life" sobre las personas con discapacidad
Authors: Garibo-Peyró Ana-Paz
Published: May 2020

En el presente trabajo me propongo reflexionar acerca del incuestionable respeto que merece la vida especialmente vulnerable, como lo es la de los nascituri que padecen algun tipo de discapacidad. Este respeto constituiria una exigencia basica del contenido de la justicia. La reflexion se realiza en el contexto de dos pretendidos nuevos derechos a que han dado lugar las llamadas acciones de wrongful birth y wrongful life originadas en la jurisprudencia anglosajona: se trata del derecho a no nacer (o quiza siendo mas precisos, el derecho a no haber nacido) y del derecho a no nacer con limitaciones fisicas o psiquicas relevantes.
Prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Perú
Authors: Barboza Palomino Edward Eusebio
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial, diabetes, obesidad y dislipidemia y hábitos como tipo de alimentación, actividad física, consumo de alcohol y tabaco, son factores de riesgo para la adquisición de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo, que se encuentran asociados a las enfermedades cardiovasculares, en la población de 18 a 64 años de edad residentes del distrito Ayacucho y establecer su asociación a factores conductuales modificables. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, correlacional. Se aplicó encuesta: “Modelo investigación, Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedades No Transmisibles y medición de calidad de vida en Salud” del Ministerio de Salud, a muestra de 412 personas. Se les tomó muestra de sangre (glicemia y perfil lipídico), antropometría (peso y talla) y presión arterial. Se analizaron los datos mediante prueba de Pearson. Resultados: 64.8 % de la población presentó al menos un factor de riesgo para sufrir de enfermedades cardiovasculares, con prevalencias del 29.9; 29.6; 14.6 y 7.8% para obesidad, dislipidemia, hipertensión arterial y diabetes, respectivamente. Los cuales significativamente (p< 0.05) aumentan con la edad, se presentan con mayor frecuencia en hombres, consumidores de alcohol, tabaco, mal alimentados y de baja actividad física. Conclusiones: Hipertensión arterial, diabetes, dislipidemia y condición de obesidad, están asociadas a factores de riesgo conductuales modificables, de tomarse acciones correctivas, se disminuirá el riesgo de adquirir enfermedades cardiovasculares, esta información debe emplearse en la evaluación del impacto de programas de intervención que se realicen en la Región.
Como citar este artículo: Barboza Palomino Edward Eusebio. Prevalencia de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Perú. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1066
Abordaje de paciente con sospecha de COVID-19 en el entorno quirúrgico: revisión integrativa
Authors: Medina Garzón Mauricio
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La necesidad quirúrgica en el contexto de la pandemia actual ocasionada por la enfermedad COVID-19 puede ser de riesgo para los profesionales de la salud. Por esto, se considera que para las enfermedades urgentes que requieren intervención quirúrgica se deben tomar decisiones según las recomendaciones mundiales para el manejo del virus SARS-CoV2. Esta revisión busca describir y analizar las diferentes recomendaciones para el abordaje de un paciente con sospecha de COVID-19 en el entorno quirúrgico. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de literatura con un alcance descriptivo, publicados en el período comprendido entre noviembre de 2019 y abril de 2020, a través de las bases de datos Pubmed, Medline, Science-Direct, Google Scholar y Scopus. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 12 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y que hacen referencia a las medidas y recomendaciones para el abordaje del paciente con sospecha de COVID-19. En el preoperatorio, se enfatiza preparación del quirófano, medidas de protección personal y traslado del paciente al quirófano. En el intraoperatorio, se destacan las medidas para la anestesia, manejo de la vía aérea, limpieza y desinfección del área quirúrgica y recomendaciones específicas para el postoperatorio. Discusión: se discute el equipo de protección personal y las técnicas para minimizar la probabilidad de infección cruzada. Conclusión: El equipo quirúrgico debe mantener las medidas estándar para el manejo del paciente quirúrgico con sospecha de COVID-19 para evitar la propagación y posible contagio por el virus SARS-CoV-2, garantizando una atención quirúrgica segura.
Como citar este artículo: Garzón Medina Mauricio. Abordaje de paciente con sospecha de COVID-19 en el entorno quirúrgico: revisión integrativa. Revista Cuidarte. 2020; 11(2): e1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1226
Clinical and immunological characteristic of natural course at the early stages of HIV infection
Authors: Manapova E. R. , Fazylov V. Kh. , Beshimov A. T.
Published: May 2020

An early-stage infection induces the most powerful reactions of immune system. 137 clinical histories of patients with HIV infection, and HCV/HIV-infected at the early stages of HIV infection were subjected to analysis. Patients and methods: a group of 45 patients at early terms of HIV infection included 25 cases of HCV/HIV-infected patients (first group), and 20 cases with HIV mono-infection (second group). Duration of infection was less than 1 year (with positive ELISA test), with mean terms of HIV immunoblot positivity of 5.5±0.6 months. For comparative analysis, the natural course group was examined, i.e., 43 patients with combined HCV/HIV infection (third group), and 49, with HIV monoinfection (fourth group) with a duration of HIV infection for 4.4±0.21 years. The group of healthy controls included 52 persons. We aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of clinical course and immunological features from the early stages of infection in the patients with combined HCV/HIV and HIV infection. Results: at early stages of infection, clinical pattern in HCV/HIV-infected patients was dominated by purulent-inflammatory, fungal infections and secondary diseases, along with more pronounced inhibition of cellular immunity and increased viral load of RNA HIV, as compared to data on HIV-infected patients.
Dynamics of humoral immunity in gingival fluid during combined immunotherapy in pediatric patients with exacerbation of chronic granulomatous periodontitis
Authors: Agarkov N. M. , Glagoleva Ya. V. , Zamulin D. O. , Gontareva S. N.
Published: May 2020

Chronic granulating periodontitis among children has a high prevalence, which determines the relevance of its research, medical and social significance. The exacerbation of the disease is accompanied by various disorders in the immune system and, above all, at the local level. However, changes in local humoral immunity in children with exacerbation of chronic granulating periodontitis (CGP) have not been studied. Impact of modern immunomodulators and, in particular, Derinat, on pathological changes of local parameters of humoral immunity was not analyzed in pediatric patients with this disorder.

The aim of this work is to study local humoral immunity parameters during CGP exacerbation in children and on the background of combined therapy with Derinat, Unidox-Solutab, and Tycveolum (oil extract from pumpkin seeds).

The analysis of immunological disorders in gingival fluid was performed in 93 children aged 12-14 years with exacerbation of chronic granulating periodontitis, who underwent examination and treatment in Belgorod city pediatric dental clinic, and at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Belgorod State National Research University in 2013-2015. The patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 48), receiving conventional treatment, and the main group (n = 45), who, in addition to standard therapy, were treated with Derinat, Unidox-Solutab and Tycveolum. Contents of immunoglobulins in gingival fluid were determined by turbidimetric method using the Microlab-300 photometer. Lysozyme and lactoferrin were studied by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.

Exacerbation of chronic granulating periodontitis in childhood is associated with a representative decrease of sIgA, IgA, lysozyme and lactoferrin in gingival fluid, and increased levels of IgM and IgG. Upon treatment with innovative therapy, including derinate, as one of the components, in CGP patients, there was a significant improvement of immune parameters on the 14th day of observation. Normalization of all studied parameters of local immunity was noted in the patients of main group by the 30 th day of observation. Meanwhile, only some immunological parameters reached normal reference values in the control group of patients. Conclusion. The identified new mechanisms of Derinat effects upon humoral immunity and it’s effective use during exacerbation of chronic granulomatous periodontitis in children.
Mechanisms of innate immunity in pathogenesis of psoriasis: approaches to targeted therapy
Authors: Merkushova E. D. , Khasanova E. M. , Gankovskaya L. V.
Published: May 2020

Psoriasis is a chronic auto-inflammatory, genetically determined dermatosis, being multifactorial by origin, characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermis, affected keratinocyte differentiation and inflammatory reaction in dermis. The disease is characterized by a tendency to spread over the area of lesion, and involvement of articular tissue in the pathological process, which significantly affects the living standards of patients and causes their disability. There are many provoking factors that contribute to occurrence of psoriasis, or progression of existing psoriatic process in individuals with a genetic predisposition. These factors include adverse climatic conditions, skin trauma, exposure to ultraviolet light, burns, infections, etc.

This review describes the role of innate immunity in pathogenesis of psoriasis, and describes in detail the mechanisms involved into induction of inflammation of PAMPs and DAMPs. In psoriasis, positively charged catelicidin is considered one of the most important DAMPs, which can form a complex with negatively charged cell polyanions-LL-37/auto-RNA and LL-37/auto-DNA. The interaction of PAMP/DAMP ligands with specific PRR receptors leads to signal activation of effector components of immune system, i.e., assembly of inflammasome complex, caspase activation, synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and processing of their immature forms. The review focuses on the role of TLRs under the conditions of physiological norm, which recognize danger signals and provide protection from pathogens and their timely elimination, and in development of pathological process. Activation of TLRs induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferons and antimicrobial peptides, chemokines that support the development of psoriatic inflammation.

In addition to TLRs, the mechanisms of involvement of inflammasomes in the development of psoriasis, which provides processing of mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18, are described in detail. Mature forms of these cytokines mediate the development of inflammation in psoriatic focus. In addition, processing of these cytokines by caspases using the positive feedback mechanism provides an additional signal to activate transcriptional activity of their genes and contributes to perpetuated inflammation.

The review presents data confirming participation of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Much attention is paid to description of pharmacological inhibitors of inflammasomes, which in the future may be the drugs of choice for treatment of inflammatory diseases. The study of molecular mechanisms of the innate immune system will reveal new approaches to prognosis and development of targeted therapy for psoriasis.
Septic shock: perspective methods of diagnostics and therapy based on immunopathogenesis
Authors: Gomanova L. I.
Published: May 2020

Based on the III International Consensus on the definition of Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3), the modern definition of septic shock was proposed: “Septic shock is a type of sepsis that is accompanied by severe hemodynamic, metabolic and cellular disorders, and these disorders are associated with a higher risk fatal outcome”. Despite the classic idea of septic shock development (proinflammatory, immunosuppressive phases and, finally, multiple organ failure with distinct shock organs), the theory of activation of the caspase, endocannabioid system and system of protein of programmed death-1 in evolving septic shock are promising approaches to development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Lymphopenia is already observed at an early stage of septic shock, which further leads to deep immunosuppression. Previous experimental studies have revealed some treatment methods to reduce the pro-inflammatory stage, which, however, did not show desired results in clinics. Now it is necessary to look for ways to inhibit apoptosis, depletion of lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells in the course of septic shock. It is known that caspases mediate innate detection of pathogenic microorganisms, cause pyroptosis, activation of monocytes. It has been proven that inhibition of caspase-8, caspase-11 leads to decreased monocyte functioning and cytokine release, which plays an important role in immunopathogenesis of septic shock. Associations of PD-1 and PD-2 expression on CD4+  lymphocytes and monocytes are also shown to be connected with immune dysfunctions, decrease in lymphocyte proliferation, and increased interleukin-10 concentration. Stimulation of the cannabinoid receptors is able to reduce inflammation by inhibiting cytopathic and immunosuppressive effects of pathogens. It has been shown that classic septic shock biomarkers (pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines; procalcitonin, lactate, etc.) do not have predictive power in relation to the outcome of the disease. Circulating and citrullated histones, determined by mass spectrometry, may serve as potential diagnostic markers of septic shock, but they require further study. Use of oxidized phospholipid oxPAPC (Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine), hydrogen sulfide and Fasciola hepatica fatty acid binding proteins (hepatic fluke) prevents oxidative stress, synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and provides maturation of macrophages and dendritic cells. Further study of immunological reactions during septic shock is of great importance for substantiation of new approaches to the diagnostics and therapy of septic shock.
Participação consultiva no Brasil: o caso do Conselho da Cidade de São Paulo
Authors: Lima-Silva Fernanda , Abreu Kate , Leblanc Esther
Published: May 2020

Abstract This article analyzed the São Paulo Municipal Advisory Board, an innovative channel of communication between civil society and the local government’s executive branch. This exploratory research is based on an intrinsic case study, aiming to understand the operation of this advisory board and how it relates to other participatory instances in Brazil. The study adopted semi-structured interviews with members of the advisory board and representatives of the local government, participant observation of meetings of the management’s board, and analysis of official documents. Data were analyzed based on the theory of deliberative democracy and studies on participatory bodies. The results indicate that the São Paulo Municipal Advisory Board is partially aligned with the deliberative democracy, and strongly connected to the federal and state-level Economic and Social Development Advisory Boards. Due to the specificities of these instances, we suggest the creation of a new category in the literature on institutional participation - “Governmental Advisory Board.”
Influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos, financeiro-orçamentários e político-eleitorais na transparência dos governos locais
Authors: Baldissera Juliano Francisco , Dall’Asta Denis , Casagrande Luiz Fernande , Oliveira Abdinardo Moreira Barreto de
Published: May 2020

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos, financeiro-orçamentários e político-eleitorais na transparência ativa e passiva dos governos locais brasileiros. A partir de 3.550 municípios brasileiros, realizou-se a reamostragem de 100.000 amostras e, utilizando o método de regressão linear múltipla com dados de seção transversal, obteve-se melhor robustez e confiabilidade dos dados. Os resultados indicam que em municípios maiores existe maior propensão a divulgar informações de modo ativo para diminuir os custos de agência. Uma população com renda per capita elevada exige mais informações, pois busca saber onde seus impostos são aplicados, o que exige uma sociedade mais bem-educada. Os investimentos de capital são de interesse da sociedade, por isso se espera que o nível de transparência seja maior onde houver mais gastos desse tipo. A competição eleitoral exige do gestor público uma postura mais transparente diante de seus adversários e da população para confirmar suas promessas pré-eleitorais.
Corruption and mismanagement in spending on education: socioeconomic and political factors
Authors: Rodrigues Daniele Silva , Faroni Walmer , Santos Nálbia de Araújo , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Diniz Josedilton Alves
Published: May 2020

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os fatores socioeconômicos e políticos que influenciaram a ocorrência de corrupção e má gestão nos gastos com o ensino básico nos municípios brasileiros. As fontes de dados usadas foram os relatórios das fiscalizações realizadas pela Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU) de 2011 a 2015 e os websites da Federação das Indústrias do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FIRJAN), do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) e da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN). Os dados foram analisados por meio de procedimentos descritivos e regressão Binomial Negativo. De modo geral, os resultados indicaram que a possibilidade de reeleição do prefeito e a atuação dos conselhos municipais afetaram significativamente a incidência de corrupção. Por sua vez, a ocorrência de má gestão apresentou relação significativa com o perfil do eleitor e atuação dos conselhos municipais. Esses achados destacam a relevância dos conselhos municipais como instrumentos de acompanhamento e fiscalização da aplicação dos recursos públicos destinados ao ensino básico nos municípios brasileiros.
A lógica fantasmática do e-government e o discurso da inovação em Cabo Verde
Authors: Fernandes Osíris Luís da Cunha , Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de , Fernandes Nelson da Cruz Monteiro , Costa Marconi Freitas da
Published: May 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo consiste em aprofundar as reflexões sobre o e-government (e-gov) a partir de uma análise do campo discursivo da inovação no setor público em Cabo Verde, sob a ótica da Teoria do Discurso (TD) de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe. Para tanto, por meio de estudo de caso instrumental e usando o método da retrodução proposto por Jason Glynos e David Howarth e a análise do discurso (de matriz francesa) dos sujeitos que constituíram o e-gov, buscamos desvelar a lógica fantasmática da articulação discursiva dessa prática social. Os resultados mostram, por um lado, que, embora, o e-gov seja uma entidade incompleta, vulnerável e contingente, a identidade dos agentes envolvidos em sua articulação discursiva depende de sua capacidade de reiterar os discursos de “aposta na sociedade da informação”, “e-government como opção estratégica para o desenvolvimento” e “reforma do Estado e modernização administrativa” ao longo do tempo. Por outro lado, o e-gov se revelou um sistema discursivo impregnado de demandas relacionadas a um tecnicismo ocasional e à crença implícita dos agentes do setor público cabo-verdiano de que o uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) pelas instituições públicas gera avanços estruturadores na modernização administrativa e na transformação social.
The phantasmatic logic of e-government and the discourse of innovation in Cape Verde
Authors: Fernandes Osíris Luís da Cunha , Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de , Fernandes Nelson da Cruz Monteiro , Costa Marconi Freitas da
Published: May 2020

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo consiste em aprofundar as reflexões sobre o e-government (e-gov) a partir de uma análise do campo discursivo da inovação no setor público em Cabo Verde, sob a ótica da Teoria do Discurso (TD) de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe. Para tanto, por meio de estudo de caso instrumental e usando o método da retrodução proposto por Jason Glynos e David Howarth e a análise do discurso (de matriz francesa) dos sujeitos que constituíram o e-gov, buscamos desvelar a lógica fantasmática da articulação discursiva dessa prática social. Os resultados mostram, por um lado, que, embora, o e-gov seja uma entidade incompleta, vulnerável e contingente, a identidade dos agentes envolvidos em sua articulação discursiva depende de sua capacidade de reiterar os discursos de “aposta na sociedade da informação”, “e-government como opção estratégica para o desenvolvimento” e “reforma do Estado e modernização administrativa” ao longo do tempo. Por outro lado, o e-gov se revelou um sistema discursivo impregnado de demandas relacionadas a um tecnicismo ocasional e à crença implícita dos agentes do setor público cabo-verdiano de que o uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) pelas instituições públicas gera avanços estruturadores na modernização administrativa e na transformação social.
Efecto conjunto de la democracia y libertad económica sobre la corrupción
Authors: Viana Cristian Johan Picón , Ruiz José Luis Ramos , Ramírez Camilo Almanza , Camargo José Luis Ramos
Published: May 2020

Resumen Este trabajo examina el efecto conjunto de la democracia y libertad económica sobre la corrupción. Para ello, se utilizan las bases de datos de 160 países de los años 2010 - 2016, considerando varias fuentes de información para un conjunto de variables económicas, culturales, históricas e institucionales. Las pesquisas señalan que el efecto conjunto de los niveles de libertad económica y democracia es importante para combatir la corrupción. Por lo tanto, las políticas más eficaces para los países objeto de estudio, serán aquellas enfocadas al derecho fundamental que tienen los seres humanos para controlar el fruto de su trabajo, englobando de manera integral las libertades y derechos de producción, distribución o consumo de bienes y servicios.
The role of internal auditing in promoting accountability in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Fonseca Anabela dos Reis , Jorge Susana , Nascimento Caio
Published: May 2020

Abstract This paper discusses the link between accountability and internal auditing, particularly analyzing the extent to which the latter contributes to improve the former, in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This study applied a questionnaire to the management boards of a sample of HEIs, to empirical analyze the relationship between internal auditing and accountability. The main focus was on internal auditing carried out by the offices or departments in those institutions. The paper contributes to understand how management boards perceive internal auditing to foster transparency and accountability in HEIs, allowing to corroborate that auditing, and particularly internal auditing, favors the institutions’ accountability. In effect, it promotes the principles underlying accountability practices. The information provided in the scope of internal audits is acknowledged as contributing to improve management effectiveness and helping in decision-making. HEIs wanting to create an internal auditing office or to enhance the role of an existing one, should develop this office’s activities so that it becomes an instrument to support accountability and good governance of the organization. The sample consisted of Portuguese public HEIs, universities and polytechnics. Despite a certain international convergence regarding this type of public sector organizations, and regarding their purposes and governance, certain contextual specificities might limit the generalization of the findings for other jurisdictions.
Organizational wrongdoing in courts of accounts
Authors: Lino André Feliciano , Aquino André Carlos Busanelli de
Published: May 2020

Resumo Os tribunais de contas brasileiros como organizações de auditoria governamental têm sido historicamente questionados pela continua revelação de práticas socialmente contestadas atribuídas aos conselheiros. Este artigo analisa a manutenção dessas más práticas (organizational wrongdoing), sustentadas e apoiadas pela atuação de conselheiros, assessores, diretores de auditoria e apoiadores do escalão técnico, os quais detém maior influência e poder em uma organização tipicamente permeada por lógicas institucionais incompatíveis e conflitantes. Utilizou-se o caso do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro para analisar as práticas ilegítimas largamente utilizadas que se tornaram públicas recentemente. O caso foi analisado em uma abordagem qualitativa, a partir de entrevistas (com auditores e conselheiros da organização) trianguladas com documentos públicos. A análise conclui que a lógica institucional elite-patrimonialista que opera naquela organização induziu o amplo uso de más práticas naquele tribunal, as quais foram legitimadas por estratégias de poder (episódico e sistêmico) e por trocas recíprocas em todos os níveis organizacionais. Ainda, a análise identificou más práticas de suporte que surgem ao longo da hierarquia, operadas sob influência de poder sistêmico em geral, que são desdobramentos de estratégias para sustentar as más práticas embrionárias.
Insulated and undemocratic: the (im)possibility of social accountability in Brazilian courts of accounts
Authors: Rocha Diones Gomes da , Zuccolotto Robson , Teixeira Marco Antonio Carvalho
Published: May 2020

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a permeabilidade dos Tribunais de Contas (TCs) brasileiros à sociedade, por meio de 3 perspectivas: a) transparência dos portais; b) transparência da atividade de fiscalização; e c) participação cidadã. Para tanto, foi estruturado um roteiro de observações, a partir de recomendações de organismos internacionais, e foram coletadas informações dos 32 TCss existentes no Brasil. Em seguida, foram elaborados mapas perceptuais para cada uma das perspectivas analisadas, por meio da técnica de escalonamento multidimensional. As evidências sugerem que os TCs não são transparentes, o que limita a social accountability, e são muito resistentes à participação social, limitando-se a disponibilizar os mecanismos de ouvidoria, portal da transparência e serviço de atendimento ao cidadão. Essas práticas evidenciam que os TCs são, ainda, muito insulados, burocratizados e, apesar de terem um relevante papel no contexto republicano, pouco democráticos. Identificou-se, entretanto, forte influência da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) e da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) sobre os TCs. Isso pode significar futuras mudanças, ainda que incrementais, na direção da atuação dos TCs como fortes aliados para o aprimoramento da accountability vertical.
Padrões funcionais de saúde em adultos com COVID-19 na terapia intensiva: fundamentação aos diagnósticos de enfermagem
Authors: Taets Gunnar , Barbosa Jefferson , Bitencourt Graziele , Taets Christian Carelli
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: identificar os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes adultos confirmados com o novo coronavírus internados em unidades de terapia intensiva à luz dos padrões funcionais de saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo análise reflexiva da literatura à luz da teoria de Padrões funcionais de saúde. Resultados: Os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem de acordo com a NANDA-Internacional são: Nutrição desequilibrada menor do que as necessidades corporais(00002), Risco de volume de líquido desequilibrado(00025), Diarreia(00013), Troca de gases prejudicada(00030), Mobilidade no leito prejudicada(00091), Risco de perfusão tissular periférica ineficaz(00228), Risco de infecção(00004), Risco de aspiração(00039), e Risco de lesão por pressão(00249). As ações de enfermagem são relacionadas aos diagnósticos apresentados, embasados no conforto, redução de danos e medidas preventivas ao paciente com conformação do novo coronavírus. Entretanto, não há identificação de estudos clínicos na área com a especificidade desses diagnósticos ou com a efetividade dessas intervenções propostas. Conclusão: A enfermagem pode apresentar estratégias com base nas respostas do paciente com o novo coronavírus, traduzidas nos diagnósticos de enfermagem que são a base para as intervenções. Sugere-se, portanto, estudos clínicos para a identificação de qual a acurácia de cada um desses diagnósticos e efetividade dessas intervenções.
Process Intensification: Activated Carbon Production from Biochar Produced by Gasification
Authors: Erdem Ahmet , Dogru Murat
Published: May 2020

The recent increase in the number of policies to protect the environment has led to a rise in the worldwide demand for activated carbon, which is the most extensively utilised adsorbent in numerous industries and has a high probability to be used in the energy and agriculture sectors as electrodes in supercapacitors and for fertiliser production. This paper is about the production of activated biochar from oak woodchips char generated by an updraft fixed bed gasifier reactor. Following this, using steam as activating agent and thermal energy from produced synthesis gas (syngas), the resulting highly microporous carbonaceous biomaterial was subjected to physical activation at 750ºC. The properties of activated biochar include adsorption or desorption of nitrogen to identify the physical adsorption and surface area measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biochar surface area, generated as a result of the gasification process, showed substantial improvement after steam activation. Also, significant discrepancies were obtained from the surface volume and areas of biochar byproducts from the gasifier and activated biochar obtained by steam activation after the gasification treatment (total pore volume 0.022 cm3g−1and 0.231 cm3g−1, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area 21.35 m2g−1and 458.28 m2g−1, respectively). The two samples also yielded noteworthy differences in performance. As a consequence, it may be concluded that the kinetics of steam gasification is quicker and more efficient for the conversion of biochar to activated carbon. The pore sizes of the carbon produced by steam activation were distributed over a wide spectrum of values, and both micro- and mesoporous structures were developed.
Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Amazonian Pachyptera (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Carvalho Francisco Jessica Nayara , Lohmann Lúcia G.
Published: May 2020

Abstract—The Amazon houses a large proportion of the overall biodiversity currently found on Earth. Despite that, our knowledge of Amazonian biodiversity is still limited. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogeny of Pachyptera (Bignoniaceae), a genus of neotropical
lianas that is centered in the Amazon. We then use this phylogenetic framework to re-evaluate species limits and study the biogeographic history of the genus. We sampled three molecular markers (i.e. ndhF, rpl32-trnL, and PepC) and 51 individuals representing the breadth of morphological
variation and geographic distribution of all species recognized in the genus. We used this information to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among individuals of Pachyptera using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. The resulting molecular phylogeny was used as a basis to
test species limits within the P. kerere species complex using a cpDNA coalescent approach (GMYC). GMYC identified five potential species within the P. kerere species complex that were subsequently evaluated in the light of morphology. Morphological data supported the recognition
of four of the five potential species suggested by GMYC, all of which were also supported by a multispecies coalescent model in a Bayesian framework. The phylogeny of Pachyptera was time-calibrated and used to reconstruct the biogeographical history of the genus. We identified historically
important migration pathways using our comprehensive cpDNA dataset and a Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (BSSVS) framework. Our results indicate that the genus originated in lowland Amazonia during the Middle Eocene, and subsequently occupied Central America and the Andes. Most
of the diversification of Pachyptera occurred in the Miocene, a period of intense perturbations in South America.
In Reply
Authors: Raber Inbar , Peters Mary Linton , Asnani Aarti
Published: May 2020

In response to the letter to the editor by Lestuzzi et al., results of a recently published article on fluoropyrimidine-associated cardiotoxity are clarified.
Are Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors Without Future in Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Authors: Pusceddu Sara , Corti Francesca , Milione Massimo , Centonze Giovanni , Prinzi Natalie , Torchio Martina , de Braud Filippo
Published: May 2020

This letter to the editor remarks on recently reported results of the PALBONET study and describes reasons why it may be too early to eliminate CDK4/6 inhibitors as an option for the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
In Reply
Authors: Grande Enrique , Molina-Cerrillo Javier , Alonso-Gordoa Teresa
Published: May 2020

This letter to the editor responds to commentary on the recently reported PALBONET trial results, which focused on the role of Palbociclib in patients with low-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Case studies on best practices in construction of long-span bridge projects in India
Authors: Muneeswaran G , Manoharan P Devadas , Vijayakumar T
Published: May 2020

This paper describes the key challenges faced in three recent long-span bridge projects in India and explains how they were overcome through the application of novel construction methods. They include constructability changes in the precast works for the Barapullah elevated corridor phase 3 in New Delhi, a temporary bamboo pile jetty system for Bihar’s New Ganga Bridge project near Patna and a combined precast yard with a load-out facility for the Durgam Cheruvu Bridge in Hyderabad. The new approaches adopted in these case studies resulted in considerable cost and time savings compared with the original plans.
Habitat use and food habitats of a gecko population in a west African suburban area
Authors: Amadi Nioking , Gladstone Golden Chizi , Wala Chimela , Vignoli Leonardo , Ugbomeh Adaobi , Dendi Daniele , Luiselli Luca
Published: May 2020

1.The spatial and trophic ecology of Afrotropical gecko populations are poorly known. Here, we report ecological observations on Brook’s House Gecko (Hemidactylus angulatus), a widespread gekkonid species, in the Rivers State University of Science and Technology campus, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.2. A total of 488 gecko individuals were recorded during the present study, in two surveyed habitat types: (i) plantationm trees (PTH) and (ii) buildings (BDH). In PTH, they were observed in 13 out of 15 species of trees present in the study area, with their (log) frequency of sightings being positively correlated to the (log) frequency of surveyed trees per species.3. The geckos used substantially the non-native ornamental trees of the PTH habitat. Pinus ponderosa and Elaeis guineensis were significantly preferred by geckos over all the other tree species.4. Geckos also used frequently the buildings (BDH habitat) at the university campus. There was no correlation between (log) area of each building and (log) number of observed lizards.5. We collected faeces from 51 gecko individuals in dry season and 66 in wet season. There were no significant dietary differences between seasons, with Diptera and adult Lepidoptera dominating in the diet.6. Dietary habits of geckos differed significantly between habitat types, with Araneae and Lepidoptera (larvae) being eaten much more frequently in BDH, and in Coleoptera and Isopoda that were eaten much more frequently in PTH The diversity dietary metrics (Shannon and Dominance indices) were very similar either between seasons or between habitats.7. Our independent set of analyses (diet diversity metrics; contingency tables on taxonomic dietary composition and rank-abundance diagrams) showed that lizards exhibited a same feeding strategy in both wet and dry seasons as well as in the two habitat types, although the diet composition differed significantly between habitats.8. A “mixed” foraging strategy was apparently used by Hemidactylus angulatus at the study area, as also observed in other gekkonid species from elsewhere.