bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyse des erreurs issues de la conjugaison des verbes chez les apprenants en classe préparatoire de Français
Authors: ARSLAN Nahide , BAŞTÜRK Prof.dr. Mehmet
Published: April 2021

La conjugaison des verbes en français exprimant un processus pose un grand problème, du moins pour les apprenants dont la première langue acquise diffère fortement de celle qu’ils apprennent. Le français -langue cible pour les apprenants turcs- est une langue dont la structure et la famille sont entièrement différentes de celles de la langue source, le turc, ce qui crée pour les apprenants une difficulté presque insurmontable concernant l’apprentissage de la conjugaison des verbes. En effet, les verbes en français se manifestent sous des formes différentes selon le groupe auquel ils appartiennent et le sujet dont ils font partie. Dans le premier groupe, il existe des verbes réguliers qui finissent en -er (sauf le verbe aller) et ce groupe représente presque 90% des verbes en français. Le deuxième groupe, dont la conjugaison est encore régulière, implique des verbes qui se terminent par -ir et le troisième groupe se compose de verbes irréguliers qui se terminent par -re, -oir, -ir, et -er. Etant donné que la grande majorité des verbes irréguliers se trouvent dans le troisième groupe, on constate une différentiation dans la conjugaison de ces verbes comparativement à des verbes dans les deux premiers groupes. Dans ce contexte, nous pouvons dire que la difficulté de l’apprentissage de la conjugaison chez les apprenants découle du fait que la conjugaison des verbes en français se composent de trois groupes différents et que le verbe auxiliaire et le participe passé jouent un rôle considérable dans cette conjugaison. Notre étude porte donc sur les conséquences d’une recherche consacrée aux problèmes constatés de la conjugaison du prédicat verbal dans les récits des apprenants en classe préparatoire de français à l’École Supérieure des Langues Étrangères de l’Université Uludağ de Bursa. Pour ce faire, comme le suggère P. Corder (1967), nous allons identifier d’abord les types d’erreurs et ensuite déterminer si les erreurs effectuées sont des erreurs d’origine interlinguale ou intralinguale. À partir des données obtenues, on dirait que les erreurs commises ont en général pour origine l’impact des erreurs intralinguales, ce qui nous amène à réaliser cette étude sur les erreurs intralinguales au niveau de la conjugaison française. En fin de compte, nous allons faire quelques propositions concernant l’apprentissage, au moins, de la conjugaison des verbes en français.
KORONAVİRÜS (COVİD-19) TEDBİRLERİ SÜRECİNDE HAVA KİRLİLİĞİ PARAMETRELERİNDE MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞİMLER: DOĞU AKDENİZ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: TOPUZ Muhammet , KARABULUT Murat
Published: April 2021

Çin’in Wuhan kentinde 2019 yılının Aralık ayında görülmeye başlanan Koronavirüs (Covid-19), tüm Dünya’da olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de hayatın sağlık başta olmak üzere eğitim, üretim, ticaret, sosyal vb. pek çok alanını etkilemiştir. Covid-19 kapsamında sokağa çıkma kısıtlaması gibi bazı tedbirler alınmış olup; bunlar da kısmi olarak hava kalitesinde iyileşmeye neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada amaç; Covid-19 kapsamında alınan tedbirlerin hava kalitesine etkisinin Doğu Akdeniz özelinde incelenmesidir. Çalışmada, TC Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı’nın Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı (UHKİA) internet sayfasından Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş ve Osmaniye illerinde bulunan toplam 9 adet ölçüm istasyonun 01.01.2019-01.06.2020 tarihleri arasındaki günlük ölçüm verileri alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde; özellikle 2020’nin Mart ayından itibaren 01.06.2020’ye kadar neredeyse tüm istasyonların PM 10 ve SO2 başta olmak üzere ölçülen tüm kirletici değerlerinde bir önceki yılın aynı dönemine (Mart-Haziran 2019) göre belirgin bir düşüş görülmektedir. Yapılan istatistiksel analizlerin sonuçlarına göre; Kahramanmaraş Merkez, Hatay İskenderun ve Adana Valilik istasyonlarının PM 10 kirleticileri hariç, tüm istasyonların kirletici değerlerinin ortalamalarında 2019 ve 2020 yıllarının Mart-Haziran dönemleri arasında % 99 güven aralığında anlamlı farkların olduğu görülür. Bu durum, günümüzde hızla artan çevre kirliliğine bağlı olarak İnsan-Çevre Geleneği doğrultusunda insan-çevre ilişkisinin yeniden düzenlenmesi gerektiği mesajını vermektedir.
A NEW DEFINITION OF ‘RURAL AREAS’ FOR THE METROPOLITAN CITY OF ANKARA, TURKEY
Authors: ŞEREFOĞLU Coşkun
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to create a new definition of ‘rural area’ for the metropolitan city of Ankara in Turkey by developing a rural index. Two models are employed in the paper. One of them is a logit model which identifies the factors affecting population density, and the second one is principal component analysis. The variables used in this study are population density, the number of businesses, the number of summer cottages, the proportion of the population with university degrees, total asphalt roads, the distance to the nearest administrative centre, the number of agricultural holdings, total agricultural land and the number of points of interests (banks, pharmacies, schools, etc.) for each neighbourhood. According to the principal component analysis, classifications are made at three levels: urban quarter, intermediate quarter and rural quarter. This analysis is made on the basis of existing data at the level of the neighbourhood. There is an important drawback of this study: it does not include data regarding income levels of the people since there was no data at the neighbourhood level. But with 10 variables, this study is quite sufficient for defining the rural and urban Ankara, including socio-economic and spatial characters of neighbourhoods.
MİLAS İLÇESİNİN (MUĞLA) ENTEGRE KIRSAL TURİZM ANALİZİ
Authors: TUNCER Bayram , BAKIRCI Muzaffer
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, kırsal turizmi geniş çerçevede ele alan ve turizm uygulamalarında çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyo-kültürel hassasiyetleri dikkate alan bir yaklaşım olan Entegre Kırsal Turizm (EKT) bileşenlerinin Milas ilçesi örneğinde analiz edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada araştırma metodu olarak “yakınsayan paralel desen” yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede Milas ilçesine gelen 130 ziyaretçiye Entegre Kırsal Turizmin 7 bileşeni çerçevesinde hazırlanan anketler uygulanmış, işletmeciler, tur operatörleri, Kamu/Sivil Toplum kuruluşları çalışanları ve yerel halktan oluşan toplam 32 kişiyle de yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Anket sonucu elde edilen veriler SPSS 16,0 programında 5’li Likert Ölçeği kullanılarak, görüşme verileri ise MAXQDA 12 programı yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonuçlarına göre, ankete katılan ziyaretçilerin en yüksek oranda, Entegre Kırsal Turizmin aktörlerin ortak amaçlar doğrultusunda hareket etmelerini içeren “ağlar” bileşeni konusunda olumsuz görüş belirttiği (X̅=2,97) görülmüştür. Ziyaretçilerin olumsuz görüş bildirdiği diğer bileşen ise, kırsal turizm faaliyetlerinde yerel toplulukların daha fazla söz sahibi olmasını esas alan “yetkilendirme” bileşeni olmuştur (X̅=2,94). EKT’nin diğer bileşenleri olan sürdürülebilirlik (X̅=3,11), yerellik (X̅=4,26) ve özgünlük (X̅=4,33) konularında ise katılımcıların büyük bir bölümü olumlu görüş bildirmiş, ölçek konusunda ise ziyaret edilen kırsal yerleşmelerin hiçbirinde kapasite aşımının olmadığı ifade edilmiştir (X̅=1,81).
OPEN URBAN SPACE AS AN OBJECT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE: METHODS OF DEFINITION AND PRESERVATION
Authors: Oliynyk Olena
Published: April 2021

The article considers the problem of open public spaces preserving – such as streets, squares, parks and other elements of the urban structure. The Council of Europe and UNESCO view urban spaces as a part of the city’s cultural landscape, as bearers of its identity and cultural memory, and their preservation as the key to the sustainable development of historic cities and the foundation of democracy. Therefore, the system of open spaces of the city should, according to the recommendations of UNESCO, be considered as a cultural heritage site, an integral part of the cultural landscape of the city.

We can talk about the preservation of public urban spaces only when they are part of the network of pedestrian spaces of the city and have the appropriate function. However, defining the boundaries of the historical spatial planning system and the principles of its formation is also a problem. Steady fragments of the spatial planning system of the city, which have certain historical characteristics, are not always preserved as a whole urban development and in some places have the form of individual fragments.

Methods of spatial analysis and environmental zoning are used to determine the compositional basis and degree of preservation of the spatial fabric of the city.

The method of spatial analysis allows to formalize a complex multilevel pattern of urban fabric of the city, highlighting only the compositional-spatial aspects of perception; to identify the compositional structure of urban spaces.

The method of environmental zoning is based on the identification of the most established links in its urban structure, namely - systems of open pedestrian urban spaces, of which the transit spaces (streets) determine the compositional structure and historical "ornament" of the street network, and spaces of stay (squares, intra-quarter spaces) - their social role and content, identity of the city.
The Role of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases
Authors: Munir Muneeza , Hussain Shabir , Anwar Rubi , Waqas Muhammad , Ali Jigar
Published: April 2021

Nanotechnology is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It has shown a good role in regenerating, restoring and repairing damaged body parts, such as the heart, lungs and blood vessels. Nanoparticles (NPs) are helpful in osteoblasts formation and also used in the treatment of bone inflammation, skin infections, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. They also assist the anti-inflammatory drugs in penetrating the skin. Platinum nanoparticles (NP) are used in bone allograft and dentistry while silver NPs possess an excellent potential against viruses, fungi and bacteria. For diagnostic purposes, nanoparticles are mostly used in the form of nanorobots, microchips and biosensors. Quantum dots give information about the tumor; the gold nano-particles are ideal to detect the antibodies of hepatitis and also for RNA and DNA delivery. Nanomaterials play an important role in the management of plant diseases and the activation of their defense mechanisms. The NPs of copper and silver are directly toxic to microorganisms while those of zinc, silicon, manganese, copper and boron have a function in host defense as a fertilizer and alter the nutritional status of the crop. Enzyme-based biosensors coated with Ti, Cu, Ag or Au-NPs greatly enhance the sensitivity of diagnostic probes for the detection of plant infections. The nano-Zn products have been effectively used to control viral, fungal, phytoplasma or bacterial diseases in crop plants. Nanoparticles are also used in packing edible food films.
Categorical Stochastic Processes and Likelihood
Authors: Shiebler Dan
Published: April 2021

We take a category-theoretic perspective on the relationship between probabilistic modeling and gradient based optimization. We define two extensions of function composition to stochastic process subordination: one based on a co-Kleisli category and one based on the parameterization of a category with a Lawvere theory. We show how these extensions relate to the category of Markov kernels Stoch through a pushforward procedure.We extend stochastic processes to parametric statistical models and define a way to compose the likelihood functions of these models. We demonstrate how the maximum likelihood estimation procedure defines a family of identity-on-objects functors from categories of statistical models to the category of supervised learning algorithms Learn.Code to accompany this paper can be found on GitHub (https://github.com/dshieble/Categorical_Stochastic_Processes_and_Likelihood).
Alemania: Revistas e información periodística sobre el mundo comunista
Authors: Schorn Hermann
Published: April 2021

.
La contamination de mots franÃ§ais passÃ©s en anglais
Authors:   , Imbert Louis Ettiene
Published: April 2021

Having noticed in various readings and French translations into English, there are many words in English, originating from French, whose meaning is very different in both languages. The author asks the cause of this and tries to find an explanation.
Cross-cultural coping in a Taiwanese cultural context : a qualitative study of Filipina immigrants' utilization of coping strategies within a cross-cultural transition
Authors:   , Chiao Hung
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] In this study, we aimed to explore the cross-cultural adjustment experiences of Filipina immigrants in Taiwan and their utilization of different coping strategies to intervene with challenges in cross-cultural transitions. Utilizing a feminist paradigm, twelve Filipina immigrants (age range = 29-41 years) who gained their Taiwan citizenship through marriage (duration of stay in Taiwan average = 9.4 years) were interviewed. The Consensual Qualitative Research method (Hill et al., 2005, 1997) was utilized for data analysis. Researchers identified four domains: challenges, coping, strengths, and outcomes, as well as 30 categories within the four domains. Situation-specific coping strategies and outcomes were extracted. Implications for clinical practice and research on cross-cultural coping of immigrant populations were discussed.
Optimal designs for dose-finding in contingent response models
Authors:   , Rabie Huwaida
Published: April 2021

We study D- and c-optimal designs for dose-finding with opposing failure functions. In particular, we study the contingent response models of Li, Durham and Flournoy (1995). In the contingent response model, there are two opposing types of failure. We call one failure type toxicity and the other disease failure, short for failure due to disease. No disease failure is efficacy. No toxicity and no disease failure is a success or cure. We assume disease failures are contingent on toxicity in that they are only observed in the absence of toxicity. We also assume the probability of toxicity increases with the dose, and the probability of disease failure given no toxicity decreases with dose. We find canonical c- and D-optimal designs and show that other designs in the location-scale family can be obtained from a canonical design. For c-optimality, interest is in finding designs for estimating the dose that maximizes the cure probability, which we call the optimal dose. We use the positive-negative extreme value contingent response model to provide a specific illustration of the D- and c-optimal designs. We examine the efficiency of relevant up-and down procedures in the literature for estimating the optimal dose based on the maximum likelihood estimation. We show that these procedures are inefficient for estimating the optimal dose.
Annealing-dependent phenomena in Gaâ‚[-x]Mn[x]As
Authors:   , Kirby Brian J.
Published: April 2021

There has been a great deal of recent research interest in the development of "spintronics" technology. Many potential spintronic devices will require a "spin injector" capable of producing a spin-polarized current. In particular, it would be valuable to develop a ferromagnetic semiconductor spin injector that would be compatible with semiconductor materials common to existing electronic devices. A promising candidate for such a spin-injector is Ga1-xMnxAs, due to its relatively high ferromagnetic transition temperature (TC), and its compatibility with standard GaAs. However, in order to achieve maximum TC, Ga1-xMnxAs must be carefully annealed after growth. While it has been known since 2001 that annealing can increase TC, it has not been understood until very recently exactly how annealing achieves this benefit. With the aim of better understanding the annealing process, this dissertation's primary focus is polarized neutron reflectometry experiments that examine how annealing changes the depth-dependent properties of Ga1-xMnxAs thin films. For several uncapped films, annealing is observed to significantly alter these films' chemical and magnetic depth profiles, while annealing is observed to do little to a sample capped with GaAs. These results provide evidence that annealing enhances Ga1-xMnxAs by ripping ferromagnetically disruptive Mn impurities from the crystal lattice, freeing them to migrate to the surface of the film-corroborating other recent work. ms chemical and magnetic depth profiles, while annealing is observed to do little to a sample capped with GaAs. These results provide evidence that annealing enhances Ga1-xMnxAs by ripping ferromagnetically disruptive Mn impurities from the crystal lattice, freeing them to migrate to the surface of the film-corroborating other recent work.
Women in war work, 1914-1918
Authors:   , Brown Mary Louise Reid
Published: April 2021

Contrary to the popular belief that women in factories are doing men's work, are the facts which are brought to light as the conditions of work when the factory system was established in the United States of America. It is incontestible that when the factory system was first established women were urged to go into factories. Men were engaged in agriculture and the "Friends of Industry" replied to those citizens who declared that manufactures would ruin agriculture that "not one fourth of the employees in manufacture were able-bodied men fit for famring." Economic gains were at first used as an arguement. Gallatin in 1831 "concluded that the surplus product obtained by the employment of owmen in a single cotton mill of 200 employees was $14,000 annually." Another writer in the "Boston Centinel" said "that machinery enables women and children who are unable to cultivate the earth to make us indepdent of foreign supplies." This entrance of women into factories was not a hardhsip because women had done much of the hard work of spinning and weaving in the homes, and later the famer's daughter had worked in the "manufcatures."
The social and political effects of the Spanish Colonial system
Authors:   , Burner Willis J.
Published: April 2021

The Spanish colonies in America were occupied by three races, whose mixture and action upon each other produced a new race and a new society. Of the three race elements, the negro is of no importance, except in the islands and a few districts on the continent. Of the other two elements, the Indian was the most numerous, and the Spaniard the most forceful and energetic. The phenomenon of a blending of concuerors and conquered is common, but the mingling of two races so different as the Indian and the Spaniard, on so large a scale, is unique. In physical structure, in mental endowments, in political, social and religious institutions, there was an immense difference between the most cultured of the Indian tribes and the men of Castile. The fact and manner of the conquest left a permanent inpression of the superiority of the white man. Spanish blood, pure or diluted in greater of less degree with that of the Indian, conveyed through successive generations in the new world something that was characteristically Spanish. It is therefore a matter of importance to know what kind of a man the Conqueror was.
In the silence of her friends: a case study of the intersection of gender, race, age, and leadership in the dismissal of a public school superintendent
Authors:   , Williams Barbara Morrow
Published: April 2021

Research interests in social conditions of women in leadership roles underlie this case study which explores the scarcely published voices of African American women in the superintendency of public education. This case study of the career of Dr. Charlie Mae Knight and her experiences in an urban district in California may contribute to the knowledge and literature of the superintendent's social capital and her ability to exercise political power equally with primary stakeholders in her district and in her community. Interpreting Dr. Knight's experiences may increase knowledge about the challenges faced by African American women, and by women generally as they balance competing roles as educational leaders and as political leaders in urban communities undergoing ecological succession.
Neutron diffraction study of load response and residual stresses in WC-(Ni/Co) composites
Authors:   , Paggett Jon W.
Published: April 2021

The in-situ response of WC-Ni and WC-Co composites under compressive loading was measured using neutron diffraction techniques. These measurements give a clear indication of the elastic strain behavior of both the carbide and metal binder phases in directions both axial and transverse to the applied load. Residual stress measurements were also made on as-produced samples and on those samples which had been mechanically loaded. These measurements show a substantial relaxation in the initial thermal residual stresses of the cemented carbides with high binder content, most of which occurs by the end of the first load-unload cycle. This relaxation in residual stress is also found to be anisotropic, relaxing more in the direction transverse to the loading axis than in the direction parallel to the loading axis. Strain distribution was considered by observing the change in peak widths in the diffraction data. Taken as a whole, the data suggests a profound role for thermal residual stress and the point-to-point variation of residual stress in the response of cemented carbides to applied load. Localized yielding on the scale of the microstructure which acts to absorb energy is proposed as a mechanism for the superior toughness of these materials.
Broadband beamforming and direction finding using concentric ring array
Authors:   , Li Yunhong
Published: April 2021

Sensor arrays have been used widely in applications including radar, sonar, seismology, biomedicine, communications and imaging. A very popular type of sensor array is circular array, which has almost invariant array pattern in azimuthal plane. This dissertation considers beamformer design and direction finding for a broadband source using concentric ring array (CRA) that contains many concentric rings of different radii. The multi-ring structure of a CRA has several advantages including the flexibility in array pattern synthesis and adaptive array design. We first proposed three CRA array pattern synthesis techniques, which can be used to control the side lobe and/or main lobe width of the array pattern of a deterministic broadband beamformer. We then proposed a flexible partially adaptive broadband beamformer design based on element-space approach. Finally, we proposed an efficient direction finding technique for broadband source using CRA. The proposed design techniques are corroborated by experiments from simulated as well as measured data.
Multimedia data transmission for mobile wireless applications
Authors:   , Wu Min
Published: April 2021

In this dissertation, we first address robust multimedia data transmission for mobile application. The first topic is proxy-based handheld device access to live NASA satellite weather images. The second topic is a real time easy-to-use 3D volume visualization system on mobile handheld devices. We also address energy efficient transmission for mobile application. We proposed two image transmission schemes. The first scheme is a collaborative image transmission scheme. The second scheme is multiple bit stream image encoding and small fragment burst transmission system. Finally, we address the research of applying distributed source coding in image and video coding. We show that applying distributed source coding in multiple description image coding improves the error resilience, and our syndrome-based video encoding scheme provides low complexity video encoder that is very desirable for mobile wireless application.
Eye-tracking investigations of lexical ambiguity
Authors:   , Meyer Aaron M.
Published: April 2021

The visual world paradigm was used to investigate the time course of ambiguity resolution. Typically, the visual stimuli consisted of one picture that was semantically related to the dominant meaning of an ambiguous word, one subordinate-related picture, and two unrelated pictures. The auditory stimuli contained an ambiguous word in an initially neutral or prior biasing context. Fixation probabilities revealed that the dominant meaning was activated more strongly and rapidly with a neutral context, but reordered access occurred with a prior biasing context. The pattern of results was affected by individual differences in awareness and strategy use, the type of visual stimulus (pictures or words), the type of instructions (passive viewing or active fixation), and the number of related targets (two or one per trial).
The military vici of Noricum
Authors:   , Flynt Shannon Rogers
Published: April 2021

This dissertation examines the civilian settlements that developed next to the auxiliary forts on the Danube frontier of the Roman province of Noricum. Chapter one of this study provides a brief consideration of the history of Roman frontier studies, a field in which the vici generally have been overlooked. Chapter two gives a short history of the Norican limes in particular. Chapter three includes descriptions of the fourteen Norican auxiliary forts and their vici, relying on archaeological material as the main basis for information about the sites. Chapter four provides an analysis of the character and development of the vici during the Roman occupation of Noricum (1st through the 5th centuries CE), including their location, layout, physical structures and the role that they played on the frontier. Chapter five considers the later history of the vici and the possibility of their survival into the early Middle Ages.
The effects of animated agents with verbal audio on mathematics comprehension and attitudes towards mathematics and computers
Authors:   , Lodree Anika W.
Published: April 2021

This doctoral study investigated the effect of animated agents with verbal audio in WBI on mathematics achievement and attitudes toward mathematics and computers using a pretest-posttest control group design model among eighty-one college students who enrolled in Pre-Calculus courses a at doctoral/research-extensive university. It verified quantitatively that the presence of animated agents with verbal audio in WBI can improve students' mathematics achievement and attitudes toward mathematics, but not their attitudes toward computers. In particularly, students in the experimental group practice effect improved, but not their application effect. In addition, this study verified that there exist a positive association between a student's attitude toward mathematics and his attitude towards computers and vice versa, and there exist a positive association between a student's satisfaction with WBI and her attitudes toward mathematics. Designers and developers of WBI can use these findings to better design, develop, and implement a web-based tutorial that promotes positive attitudes toward learning and long-term mathematics achievement in the postsecondary mathematics arena.
Effects of ischemic metabolites and chronic exercise on cardiac myocyte function
Authors:   , Hinken Aaron C.
Published: April 2021

During times of low blood flow (ischemia), concentrations of wastes increase in tissues, which can lead to decreased striated muscle contractile function. Acute cardiac contractile dysfunction during ischemia is likely mediated by build-up of inorganic phosphate (P[i]) and protons (i.e., decreased pH). The focus of this dissertation is examination of the myofibrillar mechanisms by which ischemic metabolites alter the work capacity of cardiac myocytes, which ultimately comprise ventricular pump function. In addition, contractile properties and changes thereto with metabolite concentration were investigated in myocytes expressing either of the two isoforms of myosin heavy chain (ÃŒ-MyHC and Î³-MyHC), that show altered expression in response to chronic ischemia. Studies demonstrated differential response to metabolites with P[i] and Hâº alone and together decreasing power generating capacity of ÃŒ-MyHC while only in combination did they diminished Î³-MyHC myocyte power. The greater tolerance toward ischemic conditions in Î³-MyHC myocytes was attributed to a P[i] and Hâº induced increase in the velocity of loaded shortening. In contrast to ischemia, changes following exercise training are thought to improve cardiac function. A pig model of exercise training was examined to determine if changes intrinsic to the myofilaments were partially responsible for changes in global cardiac function. Increased peak power generating capacity was observed in myocytes from exercise trained animals as compared to sedentary controls, which coincided with an increase in PKA-induced phosphorylation of myofibrillar proteins. Overall, these results provide evidence for myofibrillar mechanisms that, in part, underlie changes in myocardial performance associated with acute and chronic ventricular stress.
Alkene-oxo and alkene-alkene coupling on Pt(II)
Authors:   , Szuromi Endre
Published: April 2021

Tetranuclear Pt(II) oxo-complex [(COD)4Pt4([mu]3-O)2Cl2](BF4)2 (1) (COD = 1,5- cyclooctadiene) was found to readily react with a variety of alkenes (ethylene, norbornene, propylene and cyclopentene). The most significant discovery resulted from the norbornene reaction, which gave platinaoxetane [(COD)2Pt2(OC7H10)Cl]BF4 (4), the first metallaoxetane obtained from the direct reaction of an oxo complex and an alkene. A facile alkene-exchange reaction was observed between platinaoxetane 4 and norbornene-derivative 5 giving a new platinaoxetane and free norbornene. Kinetic studies revealed that the reaction is catalyzed by possibly more than one electrophilic catalyst.We describe two probable mechanisms for the reaction.Cationic Pt(II) complexes (COD)Pt(OTf)2 and [(COD)Pt(THF)(OTf)]OTf were found to readily react with alkenes such as norbornenes, cyclopentene, propylene and ethylene.Two common features of these reactions were alkene C-H bond cleavage and triflic acid elimination. Norbornenes, cyclopentene and ethylene gave alkene-coupled products, while propylene resulted in a simple allyl complex.
Proteomic identification of the differentially expressed and phosphorylated proteins in 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signal transduction pathway in salivary gland of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors:   , Sun Yaning
Published: April 2021

Protein kinase C (PKC) plays important role in 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signal transduction, however, little is known about the exact role of PKC in this process. In my research, PKC-regulated phosphorylation in 20E signal transduction is investigated in the salivary gland of Drosophila melanogaster. Our experiments demonstrate that PKCregulated phosphorylation is responsible for the intracellular localization of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and its heterodimeric partner, ultraspiracle protein (USP), which is possibly due to the forming of receptor complex with chaperons. We also confirmed PKC-regulated phosphorylation is required in 20E induced protein expression and identified 14 proteins induced by 20E but inhibited by PKC inhibitor. Using 2D Western blot and phospho-(Ser) PKC substrate, we were able to identify four phosphorylated PKC substrates in 20E signal transduction process, which may function in 20E-induced gene transcription/translation process or in ecdysteroid transporting. In addition, PKC isoforms in the salivary gland were also investigated by RNA interference (RNAi). For the first time, we showed the successful application of RNAi technology by soaking the salivary glands of D. melanogaster with dsRNAs.
Refined repetitive searches and long identical multi-species elements in mammals and plants : Insights into structure, function and evolution
Authors:   , Reneker Jeff
Published: April 2021

All of the information necessary to reproduce a living organism is contained in the DNA of its genome. Within the genomic sequence, there are subsequences called genes that are transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins which control cellular function. The genomes of many different organisms, including human, have already been sequenced and many more are currently in progress. Also, there are concurrent projects to annotate the genes from these genomes. Once annotated, cross-species comparisons of both gene sequence and gene annotation terms are possible, which can facilitate knowledge discovery. This dissertation introduces our work in this area. For example, our newly-developed refined repetitive sequence searches were used to identify a potentially new phase-variable site in Haemophilus influenzae based on information previously reported from Helicobacter pylori. The genome of an organism is inherited from its parents and is, in turn, passed on to its descendants. Determinative DNA sequences, both intragenic and intergenic, are often very highly conserved between diverging species over time. In fact, many of these sequences have been exactly conserved in multiple species throughout evolution. Once these sequences can be comprehensively identified in a set of genomes, they can be studied in more detail. This dissertation introduces our work in this area as well. For instance, several previously unreported long identical multi-species elements (LIMEs) were identified and studied in mammals. Also, the comprehensive set of LIMEs in six large plant genomes are identified and extensively characterized in terms structure, function and evolution.
On the role of cytokines and route of antigen delivery on the modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors:   , Cascio Jason Allen
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of the human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis and is caused by myelin-reactive T lymphocytes that recognize antigens embedded within the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Herein, we describe two aspects of immune modulation that can be utilized to suppress self-reactive T cell activity and reverse the disease. Oral tolerance to protein antigens is a well-established phenomenon that has received recent attention for its potential to induce non-reactivity to self-antigens. We have previously shown that intra-peritoneal injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in the context of an immunoglobulin chimera (Ig-MOG) is effective for modulation of myelin-reactive T cells and reversal of EAE. In this study, we sought to determine whether Ig-MOG could reverse EAE when administered as an orally fed regimen. The results show that oral Ig-MOG is able to suppress both MOG peptide and CNS homogenate induced EAE, and does so by down-regulating both Th1 and Th17 responses. The therapeutic effects of Ig-MOG were found to be mediated by antigen presenting cells of the lamina propria, which acquired Ig-MOG induced tolerogenic function that was dependent on antigen-driven T cell contact. This tolerogenic function was mostly mediated by the up-regulation of the suppressive molecule PD-L1, and inhibition of PD-L1 abrogated the ability of oral IgMOG to induce tolerance. In sum, this study provides a novel oral treatment regimen for EAE that offers insight for improved treatments for human multiple sclerosis. It has long been known that Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, can suppress inflammation and modulate EAE. However, the mechanisms by which these cytokines exert their suppressive functions are poorly understood. To better elucidate how Th2 cytokines regulate CNS inflammation, we generated IL-13R[alpha]1[superscript -/-] mice and induced EAE. Intriguingly, IL-13R[alpha]1[superscript -/-] mice developed early onset and more severe EAE compared to their WT counterparts. The exacerbated disease was characterized by enhanced Th17 and Th1 responses in the lymph nodes and CNS, respectively. The enhanced T cell activity was mediated by IL-13R[alpha]1-deficient APCs that secreted greater amounts of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and induced enhanced T cell proliferation. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that the sole APCs responsible for disease exacerbation were the CNS-resident microglia, which displayed enhanced MHC II and CD86 expression upon EAE induction. In sum, this study reveals a novel mechanism for the control of CNS inflammation, in which microglia utilize IL-13R[alpha]1 to modulate inflammation and control EAE.
An evaluation of the Missouri public high school personal finance course graduation requirement : is there a transfer of knowledge?
Authors:   , Simmerman James
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This researcher performed an evaluation of the Missouri public high school personal finance graduation requirement. Sophomore, junior, and senior students at a Missouri public high school were given a pre-test and post-test consisting of 31 questions related to financial literacy topics. The students consisted of treatment group that was completing a personal finance class and a control group of students taking other business classes. The testing instrument used was the Jumpstart Coalition Survey of Personal Financial Literacy and the 31 questions were broken into four sub-scores within the realm of financial literacy (income, money management, credit and spending, and savings and investing). The study showed that the treatment group had a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in the areas of money management, credit and spending as well as the overall score with the post-test scores being higher than the pre-test scores. There was also a statistically significant difference in the knowledge gained between the treatment group and the control group in the area of credit and spending as well as the overall score. There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge gained found in the demographic areas of gender, socioeconomic status (measured by how students paid for lunch), or grade level. These findings help support the idea that the current personal finance class is working across all demographics in most areas of financial literacy and could be implemented as a model for other school districts. Future research in this area should consider various items such as expanding the sample base, performing a longitudinal study, and considering the effects of age on one's ability to comprehend financial knowledge.
Sequence and secondary structural analysis of a novel class of RNA aptamers that inhibit reverse transcriptase
Authors:   , Whatley Angela
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] RNA aptamers are synthetic RNAs selected for their ability to bind a molecular target. Reverse Transcriptase (RT) is the major target of antiretroviral therapy used in the treatment of HIV. RNA aptamers were selected to bind to RT of HIV-1 subtype B. Previous work showed aptamers from this selection inhibited various RT enzymatic activities, and have also been shown to inhibit viral replication in cellular assays. Most of the aptamers from this selection have predicted pseudoknot structures. The aptamers were classified into Pseudoknot families. Family 1 Pseudoknots (F1Pk) have a conserved UCCG sequence in stem one. Family 2 Pseudoknots (F2Pk) aptamers have CYGG (Y is pyrimidine either C or U). Aptamer secondary structural families are correlated with inhibitory behavior. F2Pk aptamers inhibit a broader range of RT subtypes compared to F1Pk. In the present work we present results of a screen into the inhibitory behavior of a novel family of anti RT aptamer from a previously well- studied pool. We found a group of aptamers that inhibit RT from subtype B very well and have novel secondary structure. These aptamers fold into stem loops with a highly conserved UCAA bulge. Aptamers in the UCAA family inhibit RT very well in primer extension assays and have IC50 values as low as 1.6nM. This work highlights the diversity of RNA secondary structures that are able to bind to a single target.
La poesia testimonial Womanista de Excilia SaldaÃ±a, Nancy MorejÃ³n y Georgina Herrera
Authors:   , Zapata-Calle Ana
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] My Ph.D thesis, entitled "The Womanist Testimonial Poetry Written by Excilia Saldana, Nancy Morejon and Georgina Herrera," is a post-colonial, sociological, and historiographical analysis of the testimonial poetry written by three Afro-Cuban women poets. The theoretical framework applied is the social theory of womanism from Kemberle Crenshaw, Patricia Hill Collins and Clenora Hudson-Weens, among others. This theory received its name from Alice Walker, who proposed it for the first time in her book In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens (1983), and fills a gap that previously existed between western feminism and ethnic studies. The poems of these three authors describe not only the simultaneous oppression of gender and race that the Afro-Cuban women suffer within their society, but also celebrate the tradition, history, beauty, spirituality, arts and accomplishments of black women as a collective and cultural group. Thus, Excilia Saldana's, Nancy Morejon's and Georgina Herrera's work emerge from a different perspective than the poetry of Nicolas Guillen and the testimonial novel of Miguel Barnet, which had previously provided the main Afro-Cuban representation in the literary canon of the twentieth century. In particular, these three poets write from the female gender approach and about the social reality of Afro-Cuban peoples in the contemporary historical period. The dissertation is composed of an introduction, three chapters, one for each writer, and a conclusion. The first chapter is about Excilia Saldana's poems "Mi Nombre (Antielegia familiar)" and "Monologo de la esposa". Her work portrays a society full of violence and contradictions that causes the fragmentation of the black woman's identity. The phenomena of alienation, endoracism, gender and racial oppression, as well as the sexual trade in Cuba, are included in the analysis. The writer uses her poetry to ask for respect for the Afro-Cuban woman, considering her as a full human being and citizen. The s
Effects of prescribed fire and timber harvest on terrestrial salamander abundance, behavior, and microhabitat use
Authors:   , O'Donnell Katherine M.
Published: April 2021

The goal of my dissertation was to assess how terrestrial salamanders respond to two common forest management practices -- prescribed fire and timber harvest. Previous studies have reported that timber harvest adversely affects terrestrial salamanders, but there is not enough information to draw conclusions about the effects of prescribed fire. It is important to understand how prescribed fire affects wildlife, as it is increasingly being used to decrease wildfire risk and restore fire-adapted ecosystems. However, many fire management decisions are currently based on predicted plant responses, since there is more data available on plants than wildlife. To estimate terrestrial salamander population size (abundance) prior to treatments, I conducted surveys for three years and used a statistical modeling approach that accounted for the tendency of terrestrial salamanders to be belowground and unavailable for surveys. I found that terrestrial salamander density at our Missouri Ozark study site ranged from 0.4 to 1.6 salamanders per square meter. I found that salamanders were most likely to be on the forest floor surface during or following rainfall, and that they were more likely to be in leaf litter than under cover objects if it had recently rained. Following timber harvest and prescribed fire, salamanders were less likely to be on the surface. It appears that terrestrial salamander abundance is more adversely affected by timber harvest than by prescribed fire. I also tracked individual salamanders before and after a prescribed burn, and found that they stayed belowground much more frequently in burned areas than non-burned areas. However, I did not find evidence of direct salamander mortality due to the fire. My results indicate that terrestrial salamanders respond to post-fire and post-harvest conditions by spending more time belowground to avoid increased physiological stress. Though it appears that terrestrial salamanders can generally avoid direct consequences of prescribed fire, behavioral responses to post-fire micro-environmental conditions could affect salamander populations in ways that are not yet apparent.
Longitudinal analysis of the role of early head start services in the emotion regulation-achievement link
Authors:   , Taylor John M.
Published: April 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Emotion regulation is one aspect of self-regulation that may be particularly important to early childhood educational interventions for addressing the income-based achievement gap (Raver, 2002). Unfortunately, the effects of emotion regulation on academic achievement are relatively unknown. Since Early Head Start (EHS) implements services designed to promote healthy emotion regulation development, EHS is one opportunity to study the emotion regulation-achievement link through an early childhood educational intervention purported to target the income-based achievement gap (Administration for Children and Families, 2003b; Raikes, Brooks-Gunn, and Love, 2013). Data for these analyses are from the Early Head Start Research Evaluation (EHSRE) study. The EHSRE study is a large-sample program evaluation of EHS effects on a wide array of cognitive, academic, social, and physical variables (Vogel, Brooks-Gunn, Martin, and Klute, 2013). At baseline the original sample was comprised of 3,001 participants with 1,513 children randomized to the EHS group and 1,488 to the control group (Faldowski, Chazan-Cohen, Love, and Vogel, 2013). Approximately 48.6% of the target children identified as female, 37.1 % of the participants identified as White, 34.7% identified as African American, and 23.7% identified as Hispanic. Findings from latent variable model analyses suggest that emotion regulation is influential to the income-based achievement gap, even though EHS services do not influence emotion regulation or academic achievement. Specifically, emotion regulation ability at 36 months of life predicted academic achievement eight years later with some of the effects mediated through attention skills. Overall, findings suggest early childhood educational interventions should target the emotion regulationachievement link in order to ameliorate the income-based achievement gap.