bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary school students’ knowledge of physiotherapy as a profession
Authors: Maduagwu Stanley M. , Braimoh Emelda , Muonwe Chidile , Umeonwuka Chuka , Ishaku Cornelius M. , Modu Ali Alhaji , Nwanne Chiamaka Ann , Maduagwu Beatrice C.
Published: March 2022

Background: Physiotherapy plays a significant role in the health care system. The pursuit of a career in any profession by secondary school students depends largely on the availability of information about the practice and prospects of the profession. This study aimed at investigating whether secondary school students know about physiotherapy as a profession.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey involving eight hundred and two senior secondary school students in Maiduguri. Multi-stage and systematic random sampling techniques were used in selecting thirty schools in Maiduguri whose students participated in this study. A 37-item questionnaire from previous literature comprising of socio-demographic characteristics of participants, knowledge of participants about physiotherapy as a course, knowledge of participants about physiotherapists’ tasks and characteristics, and sources of their information about physiotherapy, was adapted for this study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.Results: Responses of eight hundred and two participants, 446 female and 356 males with a mean age of 16.90±2.22 were included in this study. More than half of the participants (59.1%) had a high knowledge of physiotherapy as a career. The most common sources of information about physiotherapy were from a family member (48.5%), a movie (54.7%), and the school career counsellor (54.5%).Conclusions: Half of the participants demonstrated a high level of knowledge of physiotherapy as a profession whereas a good number seemed to have little or no knowledge about the physiotherapy profession. The physiotherapy professional body should work towards increasing the level of knowledge of physiotherapy practice by creating avenues for career talks and awareness programs.
Factors affecting male involvement in the uptake of maternal and child health services in Ndorwa County West, Kabale district
Authors: Kabyemera Edmond , Ainamani Herbert , Byamukama Topher
Published: March 2022

Background: Maternal and Child Health care involves reproductive goals of; preventing unwanted pregnancies, decreasing high risk pregnancies, reducing morbidity and mortality and increasing accessibility to family planning servicesMethods: It was cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Information was captured from 288 men and women aged 18-45 involved in maternal and child health services.Results: Data was analysed using SPSS version 21 to generate both descriptive and regression statistics. The study found out prevalence of male involvement in MCH services low at only 35.8%. Factors such as; level of education [AOR=2.331; (95% CI: 1.011–5.376); p=0.047], marital status [AOR=1.999; (95% CI: 1.026–3.893); p=0.042], cultural beliefs [AOR=0.561; (95% CI: 0.316–0.998); p=0.049], distance to the facility [AOR=0.416; (95% CI: 0.205–0.841); p=0.015] and rudeness of the health workers [AOR=1.942; (95% CI: 0.231–0.955); p=0.037] were significantly associated with low male involvement in MCH services. Shortage of financial resources, poor communication, and harassment by health workers were some of the challenges faced by men who accompanied their spouses for MCH services.Conclusions: The study confirmed the prevalence of male involvement in MCH services low due to various factors such as cultural beliefs, shortage of finance and poor perceptions.
Determinants of prostate cancer screening uptake among men aged 40 years and above in Ruiru sub county, Kenya
Authors: Mureithi Margaret , K'Odhiambo Maurice Onditi , Mureithi James , Murigi Mary
Published: March 2022

Background: The Kenya demographic and health survey in the year 2014 indicated that only two-thirds of Kenyan men age 15-49 have heard of prostate cancer. In addition, only three percent of males aged 40 years and above have ever had a prostate cancer screening. This signifies that prostate cancer screening is still uncommon among Kenyan men despite prostate cancer being ranked third among commonly diagnosed cancers globally.  Methods: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. Quantitative data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Collected data was analysed using Statistical package for data analysis (SPSS). Thereafter, descriptive statistics were presented by the use of mean, percentages and proportions while inferential statistics that is standard deviation and Chi square values were used to determine the statistical significance (p≤0.05).Results: This study shows that most men (87%) were aware of prostate cancer. Marital status p=0.007, occupation p=0.019, fear p=0.005, shyness/embarrassment p=0.034 and the level of education p=0.005 significantly influenced the uptake of cervical cancer screening among males aged 40 years and above. Noteworthy, education about prostate cancer screening did not significantly influence the males under this age brackets decision to get the prostate cancer screening.Conclusions: More efforts are needed to encourage adult male who are highly at risk of prostate cancer to go for voluntary screening as early detection have been shown to improve the disease outcome. In addition, a dire need for increased awareness of prostate cancer screening to demystify fear by the stakeholders that is, the healthcare system, Ministry of Health, faith-based organizations, family as well as friends.
Study of contraceptive use in married women of reproductive age group in urban slum area of Solapur city
Authors: Girase Rupal D. , Haralkar Santosh J. , Mulaje Sanjay M.
Published: March 2022

Background: According to the national family health survey (NFHS)-3 and 4, the prevalence of modern methods of contraceptive use is 48.5% and 47.8% and by all methods 56%, which is still below the expected rate of 60% to have a stable population. To determine the extent of contraceptive use. To study association of contraceptive use with various socio–demographic factors. To study the sources of information, place of availability and awareness of contraceptives. To study the reasons behind non-use of contraceptives.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in slum area catered by urban health training centre under department of community medicine of Solapur city, Maharashtra, India, with a sample of 420 married women aged between 15 and 45 years considering a prevalence of modern contraceptive use in India 49%. Information was collected on a comprehensive, pre-design, pretested proforma by interviewing the study subjects.Results: In our study 52.14% of women uses the contraception. The limiting method is the preferred method for contraception. 77.14% women were aware of at least one method of contraception. The major source of information were health workers. 63.01% number of users obtained contraceptive services from government health centres.Conclusions: The contraception use was higher than the findings of NFHS-4 among the slum dwellers. Use of spacing methods was low, which needs to be addressed. There is huge knowledge application gap between awareness and use of contraception. Health worker should be suitably equipped to address the challenges in contraceptive use by women in slum area.
A study on knowledge and perception of HPV infection and vaccination amongst medical students, Barabanki
Authors: Verma Vijayshree , Singh Vaibhav , Verma Lawanya , Srivastav Ankur , Mishra Sandhya
Published: March 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is third most common cancer in women worldwide and fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in women.in India it’s a leading cancer in women responsible for more than 74,000 deaths per year. To assess knowledge, attitude towards HPV infection and HPV vaccination. Methods: Cross sectional study which was conducted at Mayo institute of medical sciences, Barabanki in January 2022. 150 medical students aged between 18-23 years were included in study. Results: The survey sample consisted of 150 medical students aged between 18-23 years with a mean age of 20.56±1.67 years. Around 22 (14.66%) of responders achieved a total knowledge score of 15 or higher, meaning that they correctly answered more than 15 out of 20 knowledge questions on HPV.Conclusions: There is an urgent need for educational Intervention both formal and informal, not only for girls and boys but also for parents to change their attitude towards HPV vaccination.
Blood pressure trait in rural Bengal- impact of hard labour, poor economic condition and poor diet
Authors: Adhikari Anup , Bera Shyamali
Published: March 2022

Background: The aim of the present study was to observe the blood pressure trait of male population of rural Bengal, India as a part of community work. Physical characteristics and blood pressure of 699 adult male from a rural area of West Bengal, India were studied. Participants were from poor socioeconomic status, who do hard different manual works on the field for earning to feed their families for survival.Methods: Blood pressure was measured with manual sphygmomanometer in the morning. Physical characteristics were measured for predicting nutritional status in terms of BMI.Results: Nutritional status of 85% male villagers was either underweight or normal. Only 4.6 % were obese. Most of villagers possessed either optimal or normal blood pressure. Very few had hypertension. More than 99% of male villagers were without hypertension. Calorie intake of the villager were nominal due to poverty but had to work hard for economic survival. Nominal intake of calories along with hard labour might be the reason behind optimal or normal blood pressure.Conclusions: It could be concluded that survival efforts of the rural people make them less hypertensive.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on the lifestyle of people in India and its public health concern: an online survey using mHealth
Authors: Eapen Alex , Padmapriya V. M. , Ravi Muthusamy , Nagaraj Jaganathasamy , Kannan Radhakrishnan , Mathiyazhakan Malathi , Santhakumar Aridoss , Elavarasu Govindasamy , Prajitha Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan , Elangovan Arumugam
Published: March 2022

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus with the emergence of new highly transmissible variants at sporadic intervals has bought unparallel damage to global health not only by its direct effect on mortality but also through its impact on lifestyle diseases. This study aimed to understand the lifestyle changes that have occurred among people across India during the period of nationwide lockdown.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among a large cross-section of people across India (n=1559) with mHealth technology using research electronic data capture (Redcap) platform. The online tool was pre-tested and validated and was disseminated through an easily accessible online social media platform. The online survey form was incorporated with a participant information sheet, an informed consent/assent form with an electronic signature capture method.Results: Among the 1559 participants, 292 (18.72%) were of age less than 25 years, 724 (46.4%) were of age between 25 to 39 years, 384 (24.63%) were 40-54 years of age and 159 (10.19%) were of 55 years and above. The study results showed a significant change in weight across different age groups (p=0.041) and gender (p<0.001) during the lockdown period. The sleep pattern was affected during the lockdown period across different age groups (p=0.021) and gender (p=0.021). The level of physical activity has increased across different age groups (p=0.008) and gender (p=0.002) as compared to pre-lock down. A significant increase in the utilization of mobile (p=0.028) and television (p<0.001) was seen and is found to be more in males as compared to females.Conclusions: The findings from this study clearly suggest that comprehensive health recommendations focussing on healthy lifestyle and individual wellbeing need to be implemented along with careful continuous monitoring at the grass-roots level to mitigate the negative impact of continuing pandemic restrictions and possible future lockdowns.
Spatiotemporal distribution of malaria prevalence in the district Anuppur, central India
Authors: Dwivedi Manish Kumar , Bakshi Sanjeev , Sonter Shruti , Mishra Shringika , Singh Prashant Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background: In the current study, 2013±16 medical data were examined to evaluate intervention effects on malaria prevalence in central India. Spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of malaria types (PV, PF, and PV-PF) was also investigated and geographical distribution of malaria prevalence in central India first time.Methods: The data was collected from the primary health centers, sub health centers, community health centers, and district hospital. The data was used for the calculation of annual blood examination rate, annual parasite incidence, blood slide positive rate, blood slide falciparum rate, % PF, % PV, and % PV-PF types of malaria. The rate of malaria was transformed ( ) for carrying out statistical analyses. ANOVA models were considered for analysis of the data. The minimum deviation informatics statistic has been used to compare the spatiotemporal distribution of malaria types. The spatiotemporal distribution maps of malaria prevalence and mosquito breeding sites were generated using the geographic component software ArcGIS 10.3.Results: The results display that space was an important significant factor for malaria prevalence. Kotma, one of the blocks of the study region displayed varying geographic patterns of dominance. The analysis for the presence of malaria types indicated that space was an important source of variation for the rate of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. The distributional patterns of the malaria types, as observed in the empirical data were tested using the MDIS statistic and findings indicate that the distributions of malaria types for the spatial points, namely Pushparajgarh, Kotma, and Anuppur were not the same over the selected time points. The geographical maps mainly displayed the active mosquito breeding sites in river areas and handpump areas namely Karpa, Laidara, Khamraudh, Rajendragram, Sivarichndas, Basaniha, Soniyamar, Kiragi. The maps also displayed 46% high risk, 34% moderate risk, and 20% low-risk area.Conclusions: The prevalence of malaria in this tribal-dominated area shows that was governed by mosquitogenic factors and their transmission.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 among health care workers working in a tertiary care hospital of South India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nelson Vincy , Joy Jomon , Stephen Sabu
Published: March 2022

Background: This study aimed to find out the psychological impact faced by the health care workers in a tertiary care hospital of India which will help in generalizing it to other states of the country as well other countries.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of South Kerala. Study period was from July 2020 to August 2020 during the post lockdown period. Study participants included the staff nurses, interns, post graduate students, doctors, pharmacists, supporting staff. A pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects. The general health questionnaire (GHQ 12) questionnaire was used to find out the mental health of the participants.Results: A total of 200 subjects were included in the study among them 81 (40.5%) were males and 119 (59.5%) were females. Out of 200, doctors 148 (74%), nurses 36 (18%), pharmacist 6 (3%),supporting staff 10 (5%).Mean age of the population was 30.63±7.32 years. A GHQ-12 model questionnaire was used to assess the psychological distress among health care workers. In our study, the average GHQ-12 was 3.48 which was higher than the cut-off.Conclusions: COVID-19 has led to lot of mental health problems and the impact is very huge among health care workers. Main concerns were anxiety, burnout, depression, stress-related disorders, over work, concern about family members and so on. Policies should be made in the international and national levels to help health care workers manage pandemic in the coming days with less stress and anxiety.
Anaphylaxis for COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination in a person with previous allergy to the vaccine: a case report
Authors: Azeez Maktoum bin Abdul , Sheik Sanaulla , Almesallam Maha Saif
Published: March 2022

Protection from COVID-19 infection has been a major challenge and priority to protect the health and life of people around the globe. In clinical trials, vaccination has shown to protect people from severe COVID-19 infection and reduce both morbidity and mortality. At the time of writing this article, mRNA-based vaccines were being used as new form of vaccination against the COVID-19 infection. As this is a new method of vaccination, full information about managing cases with allergy to the vaccine was not clearly available. So, any form of allergic response was considered contraindication for the future doses of the mRNA based COVID-19 vaccines. A 35 years old female received 2nd dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccine as per vaccination plan in a healthcare center. She developed features of allergic reaction and anaphylaxis including urticarial rash, intense itching of whole body, tightness in the chest, hypotension, reduced central pulse volume, decreased level of consciousness and grunting.  Immediate anaphylaxis diagnosis with level 1 certainty of Brighton Anaphylaxis scoring and management with Epinephrin, Hydrocortisone and IV fluids was    undertaken. Patient was stabilized and transferred to secondary care for further management. The use of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 had initial uncertainties about allergic reactions, severity of allergic reactions, the patients for future allergic reaction and dealing with these patients about future vaccine doses. We presented a case with history of previous immediate mild rash to 1st COVID-19 mRNS vaccine dose and subsequent anaphylaxis following 2nd dose of the same mRNS vaccine.
Verapamil ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Eduviere Anthony T. , Otomewo Lily O.
Published: March 2022

Background: Sleep deprivation has drastically increased among varying populations with current sleep polls showing that people are sleeping for fewer hours compared to a century ago. Existing literature have shown that sleep deprivation induces multi-organ injuries through oxidative stress. In view of this, present research was designed to investigate potential benefit of verapamil against liver dysfunction induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation in mice.

Methods: Thirty adult male Albino Swiss mice were divided into 5 groups, each consisted of six mice: group 1 was considered the vehicle group; group 2 was considered the model control which was sleep-deprived. Group 3 and 4 received verapamil (25 and 50 mg/kg; PO) and group 5 was given Astaxanthin (50 mg/kg; PO) in addition to being sleep-deprived. Samples of the liver were subjected to histopathological examinations after the restricted times (72 hours sleep deprivation). Serum biochemical parameters and relative weights of some organs were also assessed. One-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls tests were used for statistical evaluation.

Results: The results showed that mice subjected to only sleep deprivation showed signs of liver injury indicated by: increased activity of liver enzymes, alteration of lipid profile parameters as well as an increase in pro-oxidants and a reduction in antioxidant biomarkers. However, verapamil caused a reduction in hepatocytes degeneration and delayed the occurrence of oxidative stress.

Conclusions: The present findings suggest that treatment with verapamil significantly reversed sleep deprivation-induced hepatic dysfunctions via its antioxidant mechanism.
Lower limb peripheral arterial diseases: diagnosis, management and the effect of pedal arch reconstruction on the overall outcomes
Authors: Dalai Sibasankar , Datla Aravind V. , Matcha Sreekanth , Parikh Noopur , Rongali Swetha N.
Published: March 2022

Peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) are a significant cause of morbidity and limb loss. PAD is estimated to affect 237 million people worldwide. Atherosclerosis accounts for 95% of the cases of PAD. The progression of atherosclerosis gradually narrows the vascular lumen and leads to ischemia. Of the several risk factors implicated in PAD, smoking is most significant. The diagnosis of PAD requires a high index of suspicion. Over 50% of the patients are asymptomatic. A sizeable portion attributes their mild to moderate symptoms to general ageing rather than PAD and fails to seek medical advice. Claudication is a classical symptom of PAD. With the progression of the disease, rest pain, ulcerations, or gangrene can develop. PAD can be diagnosed by thorough history-taking, detailed physical examination (including objective measures like an ankle-brachial index) and imaging modalities such as duplex ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography angiography, and digital subtraction angiogram. Early identification and risk factor modification are crucial for improving the outcomes in PAD patients. Treatment strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy and revascularisation (surgical or endovascular). With the recent technological advances, coupled with its minimally invasive nature, the popularity of Endovascular therapy (ET) is increasing. However, the procedure of pedal arch reconstruction and the role ET can play in improving the outcomes of patients with poor pedal vascularity is still debated. The aim of the study was to find answer some of the queries on the topic of ET for the management of PAD of the lower limbs.
Clinicoradiological correlation of type 1 tympanoplasty in wet and dry ears
Authors: Sachdeva Sarthak , Vaid Divya , Vaid Lakshmi , Bhatt Shuchi
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic otitis media patients can present with a dry or wet ears (which means those ears which have a mild mucoid discharge and are negative on culture). Preoperative HRCT scans done in these patients show either a normal or an opacified mastoid cavity. This creates a dilemma in the mind of an otologist as whether doing a tympanoplasty in a patient with an active mucoid ear discharge would be beneficial or not. The goal of this study is to compare results of type 1 tympanoplasty in wet and dry mucosal COM ears and correlate between preoperative CT findings and postoperative outcomes.

Methods: A comparative study was done where a total of 30 wet and 30 dry ears respectively were included based on a preset clinical criterion. After a detailed history, otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry (PTA) and a HRCT scan of temporal bone, all patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty followed by PTA assessment 2 months postoperatively.

Results: The graft uptake rates and hearing outcomes after surgery were found to be similar in both wet and dry ears. Also, the graft uptake rates in patients with opaque mastoids were similar to those with normal mastoids on HRCT scans.

Conclusions: This study concludes that success of type 1 tympanoplasty surgery is not adversely affected by the presence of mucoid discharge at the time of surgery. For achieving good surgical success, meticulous graft placement is more important rather than status of the operated ear.
Comparative study between conventional dissection method versus bipolar cautery as a method of tonsillectomy
Authors: Chaudhary Meenu , Kushwaha Khyati , Parmar Sandip , Sood Abhey
Published: March 2022

Background: Aim of the study was to compare the conventional dissection versus bipolar cautery as method of tonsillectomy.

Methods: This hospital based prospective study consists of total 50 patients with chronic tonsillitis who were 5-18 years of age. Each patient randomly underwent tonsillectomy using the conventional dissection on one side and bipolar cautery on the other side. The patients were followed up on 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th post operative day. Statistical analysis was done using paired-t test.

Results: In this study maximum number of patients were found in the age group of 11-15 years. The study showed that males were affected more than the females. Duration of surgical technique was significantly more in Bipolar cautery method than that in conventional dissection method. Intra-operative blood loss was more in Conventional dissection method. Post-operative pain was assessed using VAS (Visual analogue scale) and was significantly more in Bipolar cautery method as compared to the dissection method. Slough formation was more in Bipolar cautery method than dissection method on Day 1st, 3rd, 7th, and similar on both sides on 14th post-operative day. There was no post-operative bleeding seen in any of the methods in this study.

Conclusions: Intra-operative blood loss was more in Conventional dissection method. Duration of surgery, post-operative pain and slough formation was more in Bipolar cautery method.
Supraglottic laryngectomy for endoscopic resection: proposal of a new classification
Authors: Luna-Ortiz Kuauhyama , Gomez-Pedraza Antonio , Garcia-Ortega Dorian Y. , Pasche Philippe
Published: March 2022

Proposal of a new classification, which includes six types of resections, for supraglottic laser surgical treatment. Our classification defines precisely Type Ia excision as an en bloc procedure. Aside, the lateral supraglottic resections are described in detail, with type Ib, II and III modalities, which encompass excision of lateral supraglottic structures and partial paraglottic space excision, due to the potential for extension to this space present on laterally located tumors. Type IV resection refers to a complete supraglotic laryngectomy, which addresses the preepiglottic spread potential of midline supraglottic lesions. Type Va resection or arytenoidectomy is introduced, leaving types Vb and Vc as previously described cordectomies. A new concept of palliative procedures types VIa and VIb is presented, according to invasion to supraglottic structures and/or tongue base extension in T3-T4 lesions. A classification should be understandable, reproducible and easy to interpret, so that it facilitates comparison of results and potentially translates into better oncologic outcomes. Laser resection of the supraglottis must not be consider curative for all patients, objective are different according to the stage, so the present classification include: Partial,, Extended and Palliative Delbulking Resection.
Phaeoacremonium cinereum: an uncommon microorganism causing rare occurence of isolated right sphenoid fungal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Wong Chyau Hong , Chew Shiun Chuen
Published: March 2022

Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) can be either invasive or non-invasive, with the later characterized by the disease confined to the paranasal sinuses, mucous membrane, and bone wall without fungal invasion, including fungus ball (FB) and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Infection involving sphenoid sinus usually provokes headache or involvement of the surrounding cranial nerves due to its unique and posterior location in the nasal cavity. We encountered a case of right isolated sphenoid non-invasive fungal sinusitis caused by rare microorganism namely Phaeoacremonium cinereum. The disease was diagnosed based on clinical, endoscopy, radiological findings as well as specimen culture and sensitivity. Computed tomography (CT) scan provides information regarding the extension of sinusitis to dental, orbit, cranial bones and intracranial region. Once the diagnosis of sphenoid fungal rhinosinusitis is made, endoscopic sphenodotomy is the treatment of choice.
A study of the role of locking plates in management of fracture of scapula in adults at tertiary health care center
Authors: Chandge Abhijit M , Chandge Ashish M
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcome of displaced scapular neck, glenoid and body fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation by locking plate.

In this study 10 patients of scapular fracture (neck, glenoid and body) were treated with locking plate at Dr. Hedgewar hospital, Aurangabad from January 2014 to December 2020 with age from 18 to 60 years. Functional outcome was evaluated by Constant-Murley scoring system.

Total 10 patients were included in present study. Mean age of the patients was 44.9±11.06 years. Male patients (80%) were common than female patients (20%). Road traffic accident (80%) was most common mode of injury. In fracture type distribution, neck and body of scapula (90%) fracture was most common. Assessment of shoulder function was done using Constant and Murley scoring system. Good function was noted in 80% patients, followed by excellent function in 10% patients and fair function was noted in 10%.

Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced scapular (neck, glenoid or body) fracture with locking plate provides good functional outcome.
Inclusions bodies in blood dyscrasias: A diagnostic aid
Authors: Singh Arora Karandeep , Joshi Sonia , Gautam Swati , Sankhyan Nishat
Published: March 2022

The analysis of inclusions includes a detailed study of cellular and nuclear structures and their modified presentation in a given pathology. This is done using a lot of staining procedures and various very small procedures. Among the many cases that can be encountered with the oral cavity, those in the field of hematological diseases should represent, at the dentist, the area with the highest load. The presence of implants is often an important diagnostic aid in diagnosing an underlying disease. Therefore, the current article is an attempt to incorporate the distinct implants seen in blood dyscrasias.
Osteochondroma of the temporomandibular joint: Condylectomy and “Swing-back” of the mandible
Authors: Irom Urmila , M Dimple Vasvani , S Ram Chaulagain , Ashi Chug
Published: March 2022

Osteochondroma (OC) is a common long bone tumor, which rarely affects the cranio-maxillofacial region. They present with cartilage-capped bony protuberances that present themselves on the external bony surface, with asymmetry of face and malocclusion being their most common presentations. There is no definite protocol for its management, although treatment is directed towards the rectification of the facial asymmetry to provide pleasant esthetics and functional occlusion. It is usually managed by the surgical removal of the tumor i.e condylectomy, and second stage orthognathic surgery if required. We hereby represent two OC cases with the aim to revisit the long known concept of “swing-back” of mandible post condylectomy, which was performed along with mandibular lower border shaving, thus proving it to be an effective management option in patients not willing for later gnathic surgeries, as mandible attains near-normal position along with adequate function with such single-stage management.

Osteochondroma (OC) rarely affects the cranio-maxillofacial region, with condyle and the coronoid process being the most affected facial bones. There is still uncertainity about its pathogenesis and etiology, hence a definitive diagnosis should be made after a combined clinical and radiological examination.
Noticias del BID - Vol. 7 No. 3 - Mayo 1980
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Digital Technologies and Globalization: A Survey of Research and Policy Applications
Authors: Chen Maggie , Volpe Martincus Christian
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the world has witnessed the rise of multiple specific digital technologies, including online trade platforms, robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), 3D printing, cloud computing, blockchain, and financial technology (fintech). These digital technologies are fundamentally transforming the ways that firms and individualsas both workers and consumerscommunicate, search, trade, and invest. They are also substantially changing how governments design and implement trade and investment policies and programs and, in so doing, how they interact with firms, individuals, and each other. This paper reviews the growing empirical literature on the trade, investment, and broader development effects of the adoption of specific digital technologies. It also describes the policy applications of these technologies and discusses the incipient empirical literature on the impacts thereof. Based on this review, it identifies several open questions and avenues of future research that may be useful for deepening our understanding of digital technologies and their policy implications.
Noticias del BID: Vol. 12, no. 10, octubre 1985
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2022

Noticias del BID, publicación mensual que tiene por objetivo informar acerca de las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
Estrategias privadas y públicas para el éxito en los mercados agroalimentarios modernos: el caso de la cadena del garbanzo en Argentina
Authors: Garzón Juan Manuel , Rossetti Valentina , Torre Nicolás
Published: March 2022

Este documento describe y analiza el recorrido realizado por la cadena del garbanzo en Argentina para lograr su éxito productivo y comercial, en un abordaje que incluye referencias del contexto prevaleciente en los años del despegue de la cadena (en materia de precios internacionales y condiciones internas), de los sistemas de producción y los ambientes característicos de las regiones en las que se hizo fuerte el cultivo, y finalmente de los actores que han protagonizado el caso, particularmente de aquellas empresas que, a fuerza de innovaciones, acuerdos de cooperación y toma de riesgo, han sido pioneras y líderes del proceso.
Association between labor force participation rates and the total fertility rate in Iran: gender aspect
Authors: Afzali Mehdi , Rostovskaya Tamara K.
Published: March 2022

The influence of economic growth on the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has been widely discussed and demonstrated in many research papers. The labor force participation rate and the unemployment rate as economic indicators play an important role in the TFR dynamics. Different studies have shown that fluctuations in female and male labor force participation rates have either positive or negative impacts on the TFR. In this study, we aim to investigate if there is any positive or negative correlation between female and male labor participation rates and the TFR in Iran. We applied time-series analysis for the period 1991-2019. We used secondary data from official bodies such as Iran’s Ministry of Cooperatives Labor and Social Welfare, the World Bank data, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, the Statistical Center of Iran, and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Dynamics to explain the trends in labor force participation rates, unemployment rates, and the TFR. We also applied Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis to measure the strength and direction of these relationships. The results of the study show that the female labor force participation rate has a negative correlation (r = -0.783, sig. = 0.000), and the male labor force participation rate has a positive correlation with the TFR (r = 0.827, sig. = 0.000). Men’s unemployment seems to have a negative correlation (r = -0.366, sig. = 0.050), and women’s unemployment seems to have no correlation with the TFR. Considering the economic problems in Iran, more women will enter the labor market in the nearest future, therefore they postpone their marriage and the TFR will continue to decline.
Model Predictive Control for Three-Phase Three-Level NPC Inverter Based APF Interfacing Single Stage Photovoltaic System to the Grid
Authors: Lakhdari Abdelkader , Benlahbib Boualam , Abdelkrim Thameur
Published: March 2022

A finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) based controller has a fast dynamic response and robustness. furthermore, the presence of a cost function gives designers a degree of freedom to include system control targets, constraints and system non-linearities. On the other hand, Multilevel inverter (MI) topologies are becoming a strong alternative in distributed power generation system (DPGS), among these topologies is the three-phase three-level NPC (TTLNPC) inverter. Generally, to properly operate this topology, the applied current control ensures the achievement of two main objectives. First, the output current must be controlled to track its reference. Second, the two dc-link capacitor voltages have to be equal and balanced. In this paper, FCS-MPC is proposed to control the TTLNPC inverter based parallel active power filter (APF) adopted to connect a photovoltaic system (PVS) to the grid and perform a harmonic mitigation. The proposed FCS-MPC exploit the model of the system to predict the future values of the inverter currents by selecting the best voltage vector that aims to minimize a predefined cost function. Instead of using the popular redundant vectors algorithms to balance the two-split dc-link capacitor voltages, another term will be added to the expression of the cost function to achieve this goal. The PV panel is coupled directly to the inverter without DC/DC converter, the P&O MPPT algorithm is responsible to generate the capacitor reference voltage whatever the climatic conditions are. Simulations using Matlab/Simulink were performed to prove the efficiency of the proposed technique to mitigate the grid current harmonics, and to ensure a continuous power injection and perform a load power sharing.
Research on Agricultural Logistics Efficiency Based on DEA and Tobit Regression Models
Authors: Hao Huicheng , Yin Sixuan , Liu Ziyu , Liu Zemin
Published: March 2022

As the link between production and consumption, urban and rural areas, industry and agriculture, agricultural logistics plays a vital role in optimizing the rural industrial structure and developing the rural economy. However, the efficiency of agricultural logistics has been less studied. This paper launched a study on the evaluation of agricultural logistics performance based on DEA model, constructed an input-output index system, collected and collated data on relevant indicators of agricultural logistics in 30 provinces and municipalities (excluding Tibet) in 2018 and 2019, and applied DEAP2.1 software to evaluate the efficiency, and the research results showed that 7 provinces and municipalities showed strong agricultural logistics efficiency in 2018, 5 provinces and municipalities have efficiencies between 0.8 and 1, and 18 provinces and municipalities have efficiencies below 0.8. In 2019, 7 provinces and municipalities showed strong agricultural logistics efficiency, 6 provinces and municipalities had efficiency between 0.8 and 1, and 17 provinces and municipalities had efficiency below 0.8. Based on this, a regression analysis study was conducted on the influencing factors affecting agricultural logistics efficiency through the Tobit model, and the study concluded that the level of rural goods turnover, the level of agricultural logistics operation, the level of education of the labor force is the main factor affecting the efficiency of agricultural logistics, while the regional living standard and the level of construction of transport facilities have shown a significant uncorrelated.
HE-Cool V1.0: Control Model of Hybrid Evaporative Cooler Prototype
Authors: Rahmadewi Reni , Hanifi Rizal , Padilah Tesa N. , Amalia Rizka , Sya’bani Rizki , Maulana Asep
Published: March 2022

During the summer in Indonesia, the climatic conditions continually facilitate the development of one from developing the use of an evaporation-based air cooler to more effective use for sustainable users over long distances. Therefore, this research developed an evaporative cooler prototype system based on HE-COOL V1.0 control model with a design for speed regulation control. The design was conducted with an Arduino microcontroller with various buttons: button 1 represents a low speed, button 2 represents a medium speed, and button 3 represents a high speed. The voltage used in the control model was 9 volts which is a voltage drop from the power supply unit of 220 V, and the port on the Arduino pinout has a 5 V supply. Humidity was detected by a DHT11 sensor with an average percentage of 56% usage factor monitored during an air-conditioning tests process. In addition, the input uses an application installed on an Android smartphone that makes users control the Arduino (device) from a distance of 0 to 21 meters without barriers and 19 meters with barriers using Bluetooth communication between devices. Users can also store and observe the humidity output data through a real-time firebase web database system feature.
Enhanced Control of Wind Energy Conversion System Based on DFIG Using Adaptive Super Twisting Controllers
Authors: Amara Mostefa , Mazouar Abdelkader , Sayah Haouari
Published: March 2022

In the control of Wind Energy System (WES), the most serious disturbances to occur are the variations of wind speed which can affect the quality and continuity of the generated power. In this research paper, an enhanced control strategy is proposed for a wind turbine (WT) system equipped with a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) connected to the grid network. The proposed strategy design is based on an amended formula of the Super Twisting Control with adaptive gains that can be implemented to the cascaded system scheme comprising the speed and power control loops. This method is effective in reducing and smoothing the control effort by developing a simple formulation of sliding gain despite disturbance regarding variation on the parameters, and the random nature of wind speed. By comparison with the conventional Super Twisting Control, simulation results are given to illustrate the improvements of the use of adaptive Super Twisting Control based controllers in a WES Control.
Sliding Mode Control of a Wind Power System Based on a Self-Excited Asynchronous Generator
Authors: Benabbas Abderrahmane , Zaidi Elyazid , Abdessemed Rachid
Published: March 2022

In this work, the modeling and the sliding mode control of a self-excited asynchronous generator integrated in a wind energy conversion system is studied. The dc-link voltage and frequency output by the wind turbine depend on the wind intensity applied to the turbine and load. The goal of the study is to increase energy quality and to achieve a stabilization of dc-link voltage and frequency values based on sliding mode control. This method offers stability and robustness against external disturbances. However, this method is based in the power converter to improve the excellent dynamic of wind energy conversion system to meet the connection to the main grid. The simulation results show the efficiency and reliability of the proposed control method.
Image Description Using the Relation Between Color and Texture in Retrieval Task
Authors: Aguilar-Domínguez Kevin Salvador , Pinto-Elías Raúl , González-Serna Juan Gabriel , Magadán-Salazar Andrea
Published: March 2022

In the past years, significant efforts have been made for new theories and models of descriptors for Content-Based Image Retrieval systems and many effective descriptors, which use color and texture, have been established. This article presents the analysis and modifications of descriptors that use color and texture for the image retrieval task. To provide a complete detailed, and fair analysis, exposing weaknesses in descriptors and ideas to correct them. We evaluated descriptors that use color and texture, with image sets and metrics found in the literature. We compared classical descriptors that only use one low-level characteristic with descriptors that use color and texture. The analysis showed discrepancies between the model and the implementation of one of the descriptors, as well as the descriptors with the best performance, their main weaknesses, and complications when we trying to correct them. likewise, we present variants that improve the image retrieval in some cases.
A Closed-Loop Detection Algorithm for Indoor Simultaneous Localization and Mapping Based on You Only Look Once v3
Authors: Jiang Fuchun , Zhang Hongyi , Feng Chenwei , Zhu Chen
Published: March 2022

This paper designs a deep learning-based closed-loop detection algorithm for indoor space. You only look once (YOLO) v3 was adopted to detect the objects in the scene, extract the semantic and position information of the non-dynamic objects contained in the current frame, and solve the similarities between the current frame and key historical frame, thereby completing closed-loop detection. In our network structure, the prior static semantic library is employed to differentiate and eliminate the dynamic objects in the scene, such that the network can apply to most indoor scenes. In addition, the closed-loop detection was made immune to the disturbance of dynamic objects. The extracted semantic information can be applied to modules like visual odometer and semantic maps.
Downlink Processing of Massive MIMO-NOMA Networks Using Cell Sectored Approach for 5G Communication
Authors: Bhardwaj Lokesh , Mishra Ritesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

This article shows the heterogeneous network of Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (mMIMO) system and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) scheme in Downlink (DL) scenario. The performance of mMIMO systems using Maximal Ratio Transmission (MRT) and Zero-Forcing (ZF) precoding techniques has been investigated and compared with mMIMO-NOMA systems. The problem of Pilot Contamination (PC) arises when the channel is estimated at the Base Station (BS) due to the reuse of the same pilot matrix in co-channel cells. To reduce the co-channel interference, it has been shown that the Cell Sectoring (CS) of 120 degree and 60 degree can be employed. Sum-Rate (SR) capacities have been derived for the mMIMO and the mMIMO-NOMA systems for un-sectored and sectored cells considering both Perfect Channel State Information (PCSI), and Imperfect Channel State Information (ICSI). In a multi-cell scenario, it has been shown that the mMIMO-NOMA system exploits the precoding advantage along with successive interference cancellation and outperforms the standalone mMIMO system. Further, the ZF precoded mMIMO-NOMA system with 60 degree CS has been observed to be the most appropriate candidate amongst all three systems viz. 120 degree CS, 60 degree CS, and un-sectored system in terms of reduced interference.
A Novel Deep Learning Algorithm for Optical Disc Segmentation for Glaucoma Diagnosis
Authors: Rakes Geethalakshmi , Rajamanickam Vani
Published: March 2022

In India, first major cause of blindness is the cataract and the next major cause of blindness is the glaucoma which is approximately 11.9 million per yearly. The Optical Nerve Head (ONH) misalignment is the initial symptom which helps in predicting glaucoma in early stage. The optic cup and optic disc misalignment cause variation in Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR). Accurate segmentation of optic disc and cup is needed in order to calculate CDR properly. Manual segmentation can be automated to improve accuracy. Several deep learning algorithms are proposed to improve segmentation of optic cup and disc, still segmentation becomes difficult because of intersection of cup and disc. Here a Modified U-net model is proposed, which locate the optic disc in retinal fundus image, after that disc and cup segmentation is performed to calculate the CDR also the existing algorithm like adaptive thresholding, U-net model results are compared with the proposed model. The proposed and the existing methods are evaluated on three different publicly available dataset RIM-ONE, DRIONS-DB and Drishti-GS1.