bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sedimentation in East Coast Hilly Terrain Reservoirs; Balimela, Odisha
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Mishra Abhisek , Kumar Chandan , Mishra Saswat
Published: March 2022

Globally reservoirs behind dams are changing their hydrologic cycle under a shifting climate. Sediment, the flagship for water resources projects provide negative impact on environment and dam benefits. Sedimentation behind dams is continuous, regular through sequential paths that comprises of erosion, entrainment, transference from upper basin and deposition within the reservoirs. Present study envisages the morphometric study of the Balimela Reservoir active from 1972. The downloading of Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote sensing (RS) data from LANDSATS and making Stream order, Contour, slope and aspect maps by constructing Digital Elevation Model using the various Arc-GIS tools. The average bifurcation ratio is  safe.. Considering the water-spread areas at various elevations of the years 2000, 2002, 2013, 2016, 2019 and 2022, the sediment deposits and reduction of storage volume by 29.945% by Jan 2022 since first impounding. The dam housed in hilly terrains, so there is less increase of catchment erosion except deforestation. The water from the dam optimally used by both the states Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Preparation and strict adherence of concrete reservoir operation rule, upstream proper upstream maintenance and best catchment treatment plans shall increase the dam’s longevity and utilities.
Nutritional Quality Response of Sweet Potato to Different Rates of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers
Authors: Nyarko Albert , Sarkodie-Addo Joseph , Adofo Kwadwo , Addae-Duah Osborn , Odenkey Quaye Michael
Published: March 2022

The effects of organic manure, inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and the combination of the two on the roots of sweet potato were studied under field condition. Two sweet potato varieties, that is, ‘Apomuden’ and ‘Santom Pona’ were used for the experiment. The result indicated that on the average, NPK 15-15-15 + Cow dung (CD) (4 tons per hectare) (t/ha); NPK 15-15-15 + Poultry manure (PM) (3t/ha); and NPK 7.5-7.5-7.5 + CD (6t/ha) produced significantly highest responses (32.6%, 31.1%, and 30.9%) root dry matter content respectively. NPK 22.5-22.5-22.5 +CD (2t/ha); sole poultry manure (6t/ha), and NPK 15-15-15 + CD (4t/ha) recorded the greatest protein content (6.1% each) individually. Integrated application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers (NPK, 15-15-15) is recommended for improved sweet potato production.
Assessment of Genetic Divergence for Hardseededness with Field Emergence and Storage Duration in Mungbean Genotypes [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Paul Debashis , Chakrabarty S. K.
Published: March 2022

Hardseededness in legume crops induces uneven germination or non-synchronous seedling emergence leading to poor and un-uniform plant establishment and uneven maturity, which ultimately reduces the seed yield. An experiment was conducted with 51 mungbean genotypes to assess the influence of hard seeds on field emergence and also to know the effect of storage period on the occurrence of hard seeds. The standard germination test was performed with freshly harvested seeds and also with the seeds after 18 months of ambient storage. The results indicated that percent hard seeds varied significantly across the genotypes. The percent hard seeds showed significant negative correlation with percent normal seedlings and field emergence. More interestingly, the average per cent hard seeds decreased to 5.5% in stored seeds from 18.1% in the fresh seeds. A reduction in seed hardness following storage of 18 months under ambient conditions was recorded in the identified hardseeded genotypes indicating the possibility of increased field emergence using stored seeds for sowing.
Nursing and Clinical Characteristics of Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome
Authors: Yan Xianpeng , Han Wei , Li Ting , Wang Juyan , Zhang Xipin , Zhang Qian , Li Weining , Liu Juan , I Jacek Tabarkiewicz , Jiao Fuyong
Published: March 2022

Kawasaki shock syndrome is a severe disease that seriously affects cardiac in children . We need for early identification, timely and correct processing. This review of reference to eighteen international important literature, for the onset of KDSS, diagnosis and treatment, improve the level of diagnosis and treatment technology for KDSS.
Seroprevalence Pattern of Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 & 2) among STI Vulnerable Women Population
Authors: Thiyagarajan Santhanamari
Published: March 2022

Background: Genital infections caused by Herpes Simplex viruses are viewed as the indicators of sexual network in the society. Most of the infections caused by these viruses are asymptomatic and underdiagnosed.

Aim: To investigate the seroprevalences of HSV-1 and HSV-2 among the STI vulnerable women and correlate them with clinical infections and other co-viral STIs.

Study design: A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted on female contacts of HIV / STI positive male partners, who were consulting the STD clinics of NGOs and OP section of STD department of Government hospital in Chennai, India between October 2006 and September 2008.

Methodology: The study included 138 STI vulnerable women along with age matched control group from whom socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. Serological screening was performed using ELISA for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to HSV types 1 and 2 and co-positivities to HIV, HBV, HCV and CMV. Statistical analysis of results was carried out using Chi-square test.

Results: Overall seroprevalences of 79.71% and 74.32% were recorded respectively for HSV-1 and HSV-2 among the study group. Proportionate increase in symptomatic cases were observed with individuals showing seropositivities to anti-HSV-1/2 IgM, IgM+IgG (combined) and IgG antibodies, which correlated respectively with primary, reactivated and episodic infections. Observation of symptomatic cases among HSV-1 (48.0% vs. 4.05%) and HSV-2 (68.29% vs. 25.0%) IgG positive study and control groups corroborated the sexual transmission of these viruses. Significant percentages of co-positivities to other viral STIs were recorded with higher preponderance among HSV-2 seropositive individuals than those of HSV-1.

Conclusion: Comprehensive serological screening and its correlation with the clinical data would be very helpful in demonstrating the impact of HSV infections. Wide screening of STI vulnerable women is necessary to estimate the actual burden of STIs and to adopt preventive intervention.
Evaluation of Solid and Liquid Medium for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Brochoalveolar Lavage Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India
Authors: Farhana Anjum , Zahoor Danish , Bhat Munazah , Kanth Farhat
Published: March 2022

Aim: Tuberculosis is a global health problem. To control the disease, timely diagnosis is necessary. Both solid and liquid cultures have been used for diagnosis.  Brochoalveolar lavage is used as a specimen for diagnosis of smear negative tuberculosis and in patients who are   unable to expectorate sputum. The study was done to evaluate the performance for the detection of M. tuberculosis from BAL in terms of detection rates, time to positivity and contamination.

Study Design: This was a descriptive cross sectional study.

Methodology: BAL samples of suspected patients were collected in the Department of Microbiology, Government medical college, Srinagar. Samples were processed, decontaminated and subjected to smear microscopy by ZN staining, culture on solid (LJ) and liquid media (BacT Alert.).

Results: Out of 283 BAL specimens, 23 (8.13%) specimens were AFB smear positive and 260 (91.87%) were AFB smear negative.  The detection rate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 8.83% (25/283) on LJ and 12.37% (37/283) on BacT Alert. Overall, detection rate was comparable on smear positive samples but BacT Alert was more sensitive (7.7% detection rate) than LJ (3.46%) in smear-negative specimens. Although detection rates using BacT Alert were greater than LJ, 6 samples were positive exclusively on LJ medium. Time to positivity was significantly lower in liquid media but contamination rates were higher.

Conclusion: BacT/Alert affords rapid diagnosis of infection and therefore prompt institution of treatment for M. tuberculosis. Although BacT/Alert has higher sensitivity particularly in smear negative cases, there still remains a proportion of MTB specimens that may go undetected if not complemented with the solid media. Therefore it would be prudent if both the tests are used simultaneously to improve diagnostic yield.
Microbiological Profile and the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Endotracheal tube tip Culture/ Endotracheal Aspirates of Mechanically Ventilated Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir Valley: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Rashid Omar , Qayoom Jalila , Khurshid Syed , Qadri Rubhana
Published: March 2022

Background: Respiratory infections are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among mechanically ventilated patients. Early diagnosis and prompt institution of appropriate antibiotics play a pivotal role in the management, for which knowing the microbiological profile and the anti-microbial drug susceptibility pattern becomes inevitable. The current study was aimed to study the same.

Objectives: To determine the microbial etiology in endotracheal tip/tracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated patients and study their antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of microbiology, SKIMS, MCH BEMINA for 1 year. Endotracheal tube tip/ aspirate cultures of patients were processed by standard methods and their anti-microbial susceptibility patterns studied.

Results: Out of 63 samples, 53 (84.1%) were positive. Gram negative bacteria 42 (72.9%) were the predominant bacterial isolates. Acinetobacter showed resistance to all antibiotics barring Colistin, tigicycline and polymixin-b. While klebsiella was multidrug resistant, pseudomonas and E.coli were mostly sensitive.  MRSA showed high resistance except to vancomycin and linezolid.

Conclusions: Acinetobacter and klebsiella species were the predominant isolates with high resistance to most of the antibiotics.
Assessment of Soil Fertility of Some Villages of Mahishi Block, Saharsa, Bihar
Authors: Singh Ashutosh , Pandey Amit Kumar , Singh Umesh
Published: March 2022

Assessment of soil fertility is essential to help identify strategies for sustainable agricultural production system that decreases the negative environmental impact. The experiment was conducted to investigate the soil fertility status of soils of five different villages of Mahishi block of Saharsa district, Bihar, India. A total of 100 numbers of surface soil samples (0-15 cm) comprising of 20 composite soil samples from each site were collected. Collected soil samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc, iron, copper and manganese. Results revealed that pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available N, P, K and S ranged with a mean value of (7.20, 7.23, 7.33, 7.41 & 7.45), (0.52, 0.53, 0.54, 0.49 & 0.55 dSm-1), (0.53, 0.48, 0.51, 0.56 & 0.54 per cent), (315, 320, 280, 361 & 325 kg ha-1), (30.92, 30.12, 28.30, 29.08 & 27.53 kg ha-1), (217, 234, 190, 204 & 210 kg ha-1) and (15.79, 16.05, 16.26, 17.37 & 17.89 mg kg-1) under Sonkurthua, Ghoghpur, Baghaud, Naharwar and Maina villages. Hence, various effects viz. use of biofertilizers, organic manure and balanced chemical fertilization were suggested for farmers regarding the benefits of improving soil fertility.
Choriocarcinoma: A Review
Authors: Pandey Gunjan , Acharya Neema , Bhatt Ashish
Published: March 2022

Here in his article, we will learn about choriocarcinoma, a highly malignant tumor arising from the chorionic epithelium. Among 3-5% of all patients with molar pregnancies develop choriocarcinoma. All the types of choriocarcinomas and their defining features are discussed below in a view to you to understand better the basic pathogenesis, histology, etiological factors involved.  The patient may present with persistent ill-health, irregular vaginal bleeding, continued amenorrhea, and when it is metastasized, it forms lesions which present in the lung as cough, breathlessness, hemoptysis whereas in the vagina as irregular and at times as brisk hemorrhage. It can also have lesions in the cerebral region presenting as headache, convulsions, paralysis. Signs include pallor of varying degrees, and in all, the patient looks ill. Various investigations necessary to identify this disease are chest x-ray, pelvic sonography, diagnostic uterine curettage, etc. also, excisional biopsy, the ratio of HCG levels, CT scan, ultrasonography, chest X-ray can also be done. We also talked about staging in the forthcoming article for gestational trophoblastic tumors. Management of the same has also been discussed below to treat the disease better and cure many patients. It can be preventive as well as curative.   Here we have talked about treatment modalities for low-risk and high-risk patients. Also, add treatment for those resistant to the drugs used for low-risk and high-risk patients. Finally, prophylactic chemotherapy and follow-ups are given.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and its Evolution
Authors: Chauhan Aditya , Vagga Anjali
Published: March 2022

The organic process standing of Attentiveness deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is principal to the estimation of whether the fashionable community has generated it, either mundanely or culturally, and is doubtless helpful in the apprehension of biological sciences’ cornerstone and foundation. The high widespread of the syndrome (5–10%) and its intrinsic coalition with the 7-repeat citrons of DRD4, which is entirely elite in advancement, augment the chance that the syndrome will increase the procreative robustness of the individual and the cluster. Nevertheless, preceding recommendations of organic process roles for syndrome haven't reckoned for its restrain to a considerable minority. As a result of one among the pointer options of the syndrome is its divergences, and plenty of edges of diverging community area unit well conceded (as in exemption), we tend to analyze the influence of bands' activity diversification is shown on their health. Diversity happens to several extents, and just for intangibility, we elect unforeseeable (or changeable), way over that may be a well-orthodox attribute of the syndrome. Counterfeit of the dynamic Food cluster charge puts before you the uncertain behavior by the outnumbered optimizing results shown from the cluster. The trait of such cluster inspection chore area unit peril danger-taking, within which prices area unit borne principally by a discrete individual; and statics-sharing, within which edges ensure the complete cluster due to previous knowledge of evolved selflessness. We conclude that even singly impairing combos of genes, like syndrome, will carry particular edges for the community, which may be elite at that stage, instead of simply genetic fortuity with outcomes limited to the individual. The communal edges presented by diversity occur within and outdoors. The ‘normal’ varies, and these could also be definite. This read has the extra advantage of clarifying the usual sexuality and age distribution, asperity dispersal, and no uniformity of syndrome.
Unveiling the Dermatological Manifestations of COVID-19 Infections
Authors: Khanke Sankalp , Bakshi Sanket , Mohale Sandip
Published: March 2022

Background:  There have been over 86 million global confirmed cases to date, and the disease is known to have a 2.2% case fatality rate, having claimed over 1.87 million lives. They were initially regarded as a purely respiratory disease with symptoms of viral pneumonia such as fever, fatigue, dry cough, and lymphopenia. The widespread coronavirus disease is aimed at the Arial route of the tramsmission. Furthermore, the constant mutations in the virulence factors of the virus lead to the effectiveness of the treatment regimens. Covid-19  disease is mainly known to be a pulmonary infection, giving rise to pulmonary fibrosis, focuses and leads to severe pneumonia and ulyimately gives a fatal result iof not treated promptly. The pulmonary but extrapulmonary manifestations of this disease are also seen—cardiovascular, renal, nervous and dermatological, and immune system. The exact pathogensis and the etiology of the extra pulmonary manifestation of covid to the cutaneous prognosis are not yet well known. The virulence factors, the antigens of the virus that exacerbate the dermatological symptoms. The virus causes dermatological symptoms in urticarial rashes, eczematous infections, and mucocutaneous depositions. The exact mechanisms of the disease’s progress to the dermatological variant are not known; however, this review will concentrate on the cutaneous manifestations of Covid-19 disease and the variant nature of the infection. The widespread coronavirus disease is aimed at the Arial route of transmission. Furthermore, the constant mutations in the virulence factors of the virus lead to the in effect ness of the treatment regimens. Covid-19 disease is mainly known to be a pulmonary infection, giving rise to pulmonary fibrosis, focuses and leads to severe pneumonia and ultimately gives a fatal result iof not treated promptly. The pulmonary but extrapulmonary manifestations of this disease are also seen—cardiovascular, renal, nervous dermatological and immune system. The exact pathogenesis and the etiology of the extrapulmonary manifestation of covid to the cutanenous prognosis is not yet well known. The virulence factors, the antigens of the virus that exacerbate the dermatological symptoms. The virus causes dermatological symptoms in urticarial rashes, eczematous infections, and mucocutaneous depositions.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma with Distal Urethra: A Case Report
Authors: Shendre Achal Umesh , Sheikh Shakib H. , Umate Roshan , Patil A. R. Bhagat
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the ureter, also called urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) of the ureter, are uncommon compared to similar tumors elsewhere along the urinary tract but are nonetheless the most common primary tumor of the ureter. Transitional cells can stretch and change form. The lining of the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra is made up of them. In the body, there are many different types of cells, each with its function. Transitional cells can stretch and change form. They are the cells lining line the inside of the renal. When urine is stored in or flowing through these organs, the lining required cells that can stretch to extend. TCC of the kidney begins in the renal pelvis. TCC may begin in the ureters, bladder, or urethra.

Patient Information: A 75 years old male was admitted to Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural hospital sawangi meghe Wardha with chief complaints of low urine output vomiting, loss of appetite, swelling of the abdomen crampy abdominal pain that comes and goes.

Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: The emerging technique of CT urography allows detection of urinary tract tumors and calculi, assessment of perirenal tissues, and staging of lesions; it may offer the opportunity for one-stop evaluation in the initial assessment of hematuria and follow-up of TCC. Similar MR imaging protocols can be used in patients who are not candidates for CT urography, although detection of urinary tract calcifications may be suboptimal.
Antibacterial Activity of Flax Seeds Extract Rinse against Streptococcus mutans Colonies
Authors: Sultana Ulfat , Zaidi Syeda Amber , Iqbal Nasima , Quraishi Faiza , Khan Muhammad Aitmaududdolah , Baloch Faisal Ali
Published: March 2022

Background: Flax seeds has health-potentiating medicinal benefits due to the presence of a remarkable amount of bioactive compounds. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of flax seeds against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae has been documented. Therefore, the current study current aims to investigated the antibacterial activity flax seeds extract rinse against Streptococcus mutans colonies

Methodology: It was a preclinical experimental study and sample size was n = 60. The participants were given an envelope for group randomization. Film of plaque from labial surface of teeth of study participants was collected on sterile strips that was transported to laboratory for culture in sterile containers. For culture S. mutant samples were inoculated in Columbia Agar. The flax seeds extract was diluted in distilled water in 1:4 (Extract: Distilled water) concentration. And participants were divided into 3 groups. (negative control, positive control, flax seed extract group). Diluted flax seed extract was given to experimental group for rinses, distilled water was given to negative control group and positive controls were given a commercially available mouth rinse. Next sample of plaque was collected after two hours to observe the effects of flax seed extract on bacterial colonies.

Results: The growth of colonies was calculated on growth media plates in samples prior to rinsing and samples that were taken after the rinsing. The pre and post samples showed significant (p-value <0.05) decrease in number of colonies in positive control group (conventional rinse) and flax seed extract group.

Conclusion: Flax seeds extract mouth rinse reduced the number of colonies equally as that of commercially available mouth rinse.
Pharmacist Role in Telehealth Practice in Pakistan During 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: The Neglected Link for Patient Safety
Authors: Rehman Atta Ur , Hani Ume
Published: March 2022

Telehealth services have been working for decades to offer health advice at the point of treatment care. The usage of this innovative modern communication technology for the general public is still in its infancy in developing countries including Pakistan. The communities are advised to practice social distancing for safe survival during the corona pandemic. The role of a pharmacist is well recognized Worldwide in the practicing telemedicine models of drug information centers and poison control centers. Telemedicine centers were established by different hospitals and medical universities to provide telephonic consultation regarding any ailment during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus pandemic in Pakistan. The pharmacist’s potential and professional expertise are neglected and unexplored as drug information experts in hospitals and community pharmacies, antidote specialists in poison control centers, patient counselor for treatment compliance in Pakistan. The telemedicine practice in the institutions ensures the inclusion of trained pharmacists for better patient care. Telepharmacy initiation at the community level by the government will also reduce the burden on the hospital level.
Updates in Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Morcy Hesham Mohamed Hamad , Abdullah Luluah Maan Ramadan , Alenezi Maryam Mohammed M. , Sultan F. Almutairi, Fai , Almadani Sama Abdulfattah M. , Raghad Khalid R. Alruwaili,
Published: March 2022

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs when the conceptus becomes embedded and matures beyond the endometrial cavity, resulting in the foetus' mortality.

Ectopic pregnancy can become a lifethreatening issue if it is not diagnosed and treated promptly. The most common symptoms of an unruptured ectopic pregnancy are first-haemorrhage and abdominal pain.

Although these symptoms can also occur in intrauterine pregnancy and spontaneous abortion, when a pregnant woman shows them, clinicians should suspect ectopic pregnancy. Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, has been extensively studied in medicine. Methotrexate inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, causing trophoblastic cells to divide rapidly and reducing tetrahydrofolate levels (a cofactor for deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid formation).
Determination of commissioning criteria for multileaf‐collimator, stereotactic radiosurgery treatments on Varian TrueBeam and Edge machines using a novel anthropomorphic phantom
Authors: Brown Thomas A. D. , Fagerstrom Jessica M. , Beck Caleb , Holloway Connor , Burton Krista , Kaurin Darryl G. L. , Mahendra Saikanth , Luckstead Marcus , Kielar Kayla , Kerns James
Published: March 2022

An anthropomorphic phantom has been developed by Varian Medical Systems for commissioning multileaf‐collimator (MLC), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatments on Varian TrueBeam and Edge linear accelerators. Northwest Medical Physics Center (NMPC) has collected end‐to‐end data on these machines, at six independent clinical sites, to establish baseline dosimetric and geometric commissioning criteria for SRS measurements with this phantom. The Varian phantom is designed to accommodate four interchangeable target cassettes, each designed for a specific quality assurance function. End‐to‐end measurements utilized the phantom to verify the coincidence of treatment isocenter with a hidden target in a Winston‐Lutz cassette after localization using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). Dose delivery to single target (2 cm) and single‐isocenter, multitarget (2 and 1 cm) geometries was verified using ionization chamber and EBT3 film cassettes. A nominal dose of 16 Gy was prescribed for each plan using a site's standard beam geometry for SRS cases. Measurements were performed with three Millennium and three high‐definition MLC machines at beam energies of 6‐MV and 10‐MV flattening‐filter‐free energies. Each clinical site followed a standardized procedure for phantom simulation, treatment planning, quality assurance, and treatment delivery. All treatment planning and delivery was performed using ARIA oncology information system and Eclipse treatment planning software. The isocenter measurements and irradiated film were analyzed using DoseLab quality assurance software; gamma criteria of 3%/1 mm, 3%/0.5 mm, and 2%/1 mm were applied for film analysis. Based on the data acquired in this work, the recommended commissioning criteria for end‐to‐end SRS measurements with the Varian phantom are as follows: coincidence of treatment isocenter and CBCT‐aligned hidden target < 1 mm, agreement of measured chamber dose with calculated dose ≤ 5%, and film gamma passing > 90% for gamma criteria of 3%/1 mm after DoseLab auto‐registration shifts ≤ 1 mm in any direction.
Raman Microspectroscopy Imaging Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis by Filamentous Fungus Penicilium chrysogenum
Authors: Samuel Ashok Zachariah , Horii Shumpei , Nakashima Takuji , Shibata Naoko , Ando Masahiro , Takeyama Haruko
Published: March 2022

The mechanism of production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their molecular contents are of great interest due to their diverse roles in biological systems and are far from being completely understood. Even though cellular cargo releases mediated by EVs have been demonstrated in several cases, their role in secondary metabolite production and release remains elusive. In this study, this aspect is investigated in detail using Raman microspectroscopic imaging. Considerable evidence is provided to suggest that the release of antibiotic penicillin by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum involves EVs. Further, the study also reveals morphological modifications of the fungal body during biogenesis, changes in cell composition at the locus of biogenesis, and major molecular contents of the released EVs. The results suggest a possible general role of EVs in the release of antibiotics from the producing organisms.
2D Pb‐Halide Perovskites Can Self‐Heal Photodamage Better than 3D Ones
Authors: Aharon Sigalit , Ceratti Davide Raffaele , Jasti Naga Prathibha , Cremonesi Llorenç , Feldman Yishay , Potenza Marco Alberto Carlo , Hodes Gary , Cahen David
Published: March 2022

Adding a 2D character to halide perovskite (HaP) active layers in ambient‐protected cells can improve their stability drastically, which is not obvious from the hydrophobicity of the large cations that force the HaP into a 2D structure. Results of two‐photon confocal microscopy are reported to study inherent photo‐stability of 2D Pb iodide HaPs in the interior of single crystals. Compared to 3D HaP crystals, 2D ones have higher photo‐stability and, under a few sun‐equivalent conditions, self‐heal efficiently after photo‐damage. Using both photoluminescence (PL) intensities (as function of time after photo‐damage) and spectra, self‐healing dynamics of 2D HaP (C4H9NH3)2PbI4, 2D/3D (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 and 3D MAPbI3 are compared. Differences in response to photo‐damage and self‐healing ability from different degrees of photo‐damage are found between these HaPs. Based on the findings, a possible chemical mechanism for photo‐damage and self‐healing of the 2D HaPs is suggested: the layered lattice arrangement limits out‐diffusion of degradation products, facilitating damage reversal, leading to better 2D HaP photo‐stability and self‐healing uniformity than for 2D/3D HaPs. One implication of the layered structures’ resilience to photo‐damage is transfer of their increased stability to devices made with them, such as photovoltaic solar cells and light‐emitting diodes.
Recyclable and Reusable Natural Plant‐Based Paper for Repeated Digital Printing and Unprinting
Authors: Zhao Ze , Deng Jingyu , Tae Hyunhyuk , Ibrahim Mohammed Shahrudin , Suresh Subra , Cho Nam‐Joon
Published: March 2022

Although paperless technologies are becoming ubiquitous, paper and paper‐based materials remain one of the most widely used resources, predicted to exceed an annual total of 460 million metric tons by 2030. Given the environmental challenges, deleterious impact on natural resources, and waste associated with conventional wood‐based paper manufacturing, developing more sustainable strategies to source, produce, and recycle paper from natural materials is essential. Here, the development and production of reusable and recyclable paper are reported. This approach offers a pathway for easily producing natural pollen grains via ecofriendly, economical, scalable, and low‐energy fabrication routes. It is demonstrated that the pollen‐based paper exhibits high‐quality printability, readability, and erasability, enabling its reuse. Based on the pH‐responsive morphological responses of engineered pollen materials, a method for hygro stable printing and on‐demand unprinting is presented. The reusability of the pollen paper renders it more advantageous than conventional single‐print wood‐based paper. This study thus provides possible pathways to utilize non‐allergenic pollen, which is renewable and naturally abundant, as a sustainable source of reusable paper. While this work primarily deals with paper, the methods described here can be extended to produce other products such as cartons and containers for the storage and transport of liquid and solid materials.
A Sulfur‐Tolerant MOF‐Based Single‐Atom Fe Catalyst for Efficient Oxidation of NO and Hg0
Authors: Yang Weijie , Liu Xiaoshuo , Chen Xuelu , Cao Yue , Cui Shaoping , Jiao Long , Wu Chongchong , Chen Chuanmin , Fu Dong , Gates Ian D. , Gao Zhengyang , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: March 2022

Catalytic oxidation of NO and Hg0 is a crucial step to eliminate multiple pollutants from emissions from coal‐fired power plants. However, traditional catalysts exhibit low catalytic activity and poor sulfur resistance due to low activation ability and poor adsorption selectivity. Herein, a single‐atom Fe decorated N‐doped carbon catalyst (Fe1‐N4‐C), with abundant Fe1‐N4 sites, based on a Fe‐doped metal–organic framework is developed to oxidize NO and Hg0. The results demonstrate that the Fe1‐N4‐C has ultrahigh catalytic activity for oxidizing NO and Hg0 at low and room temperature. More importantly, Fe1‐N4‐C exhibits robust sulfur resistance as it preferably adsorbs reactants over sulfur oxides, which has never been achieved before with traditional catalysts. Furthermore, SO2 boosts the catalytic oxidation of NO over Fe1‐N4‐C through accelerating the circulation of active sites. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the Fe1‐N4 active sites result in a low energy barrier and high adsorption selectivity, providing detailed molecular‐level understanding for its excellent catalytic performance. This is the first report on NO and Hg0 oxidation over single‐atom catalysts with strong sulfur tolerance. The outcomes demonstrate that single‐atom catalysts are promising candidates for catalytic oxidation of NO and Hg0 enabling cleaner coal‐fired power plant operations.
Ligand Modulation of Active Sites to Promote Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Huang Wenzhong , Li Jiantao , Liao Xiaobin , Lu Ruihu , Ling Chaohong , Liu Xiong , Meng Jiashen , Qu Longbing , Lin Mengting , Hong Xufeng , Zhou Xunbiao , Liu Shanlin , Zhao Yan , Zhou Liang , Mai Liqiang
Published: March 2022

Rationally designed catalysts hold the key to address the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, engineering the active sites of such catalysts still faces grand challenges. This study proposes a feasible ligand modulation strategy to boost the OER catalytic activity of cobalt‐iron oxyhydroxide ((Fe,Co)OOH). The 2‐methylimidazole (MI) ligand coordination on (Fe,Co)OOH reduces the orbital overlap between the Fe/Co 3d and O 2p, which weakens the adsorption to oxygen‐containing intermediates and thus facilitates the unfavorable O2 desorption. As a result, the MI ligand modulated (Fe,Co)OOH achieves an excellent OER performance with low overpotentials (230/290 mV at 10/100 mA cm‐2) and excellent durability (>155 h). This study provides a novel ligand modulation strategy for the design of OER catalysts.
A Hierarchically Encoded Data Storage Device with Controlled Transiency
Authors: Wei Shuai , Jiang Jianjuan , Sun Long , Li Jianxing , Tao Tiger H. , Zhou Zhitao
Published: March 2022

In the era of information explosion, high‐security and high‐capacity data storage technology attracts more and more attention. Physically transient electronics, a form of electronics that can physically disappear with precisely controlled degradation behaviors, paves the way for secure data storage. Herein, the authors report a silk‐based hierarchically encoded data storage device (HEDSD) with controlled transiency. The HEDSD can store electronic, photonic, and optical information simultaneously by synergistically integrating a resistive switching memory (ReRAM), a terahertz metamaterial device, and a diffractive optical element, respectively. These three data storage units have shared materials and structures but diverse encoding mechanisms, which increases the degree of complexity and capacity of stored information. Silk plays an important role as a building material in the HEDSD thanks to its excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties and controlled transiency as a naturally extracted protein. By controlling the degradation rate of storage units of the silk‐based HEDSD, different degradation modes of the HEDSD, and multilevel information encryption/decryption have been realized. Compared with the conventional memory devices, as‐reported silk‐based HEDSD can store multilevel complex information and realize multilevel information encryption and decryption, which is highly desirable to fulfill the future demands of secure memory systems and implantable storage devices.
Thermally Drawn Highly Conductive Fibers with Controlled Elasticity
Authors: Marion Juliette S. , Gupta Nikhil , Cheung Henry , Monir Kirmina , Anikeeva Polina , Fink Yoel
Published: March 2022

Electronic fabrics necessitate both electrical conductivity and, like any textile, elastic recovery. Achieving both requirements on the scale of a single fiber remains an unmet need. Here, two approaches for achieving conductive fibers (107 S m−1) reaching 50% elongation while maintaining minimal change in resistance (<0.5%) in embedded metallic electrodes are introduced. The first approach involves inducing a buckling instability in a metal microwire within a cavity of a thermally drawn elastomer fiber. The second approach relies on twisting an elastomer fiber to yield helical metal electrodes embedded in a stretchable yarn. The scalability of both approaches is illustrated in apparatuses for continuous buckling and twisting that yield tens of meters of elastic conducting fibers. Through experimental and analytical methods, it is elucidated how geometric parameters, such as buckling pre‐strain and helical angle, as well as materials choice, control not only the fiber's elasticity but also its Young's modulus. Links between mechanical and electrical properties are exposed. The resulting fibers are used to construct elastic fabrics that contain diodes, by weaving and knitting, thus demonstrating the scalable fabrication of conformable and stretchable antennas that support optical data transmission.
Cell/Tissue Adhesive, Self‐Healable, Biocompatible, Hemostasis, and Antibacterial Hydrogel Dressings for Wound Healing Applications
Authors: Suneetha Maduru , Rao Kummara Madhusudana , Han Sung Soo
Published: March 2022

Integrating multifunctional properties (physiological and biological) within a hydrogel poses a great challenge in wound dressing applications. The present study develops cell/tissue adhesive, hemostasis, self‐healing, and antibacterial properties of hydrogel wound dressings composed of polydopamine‐quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose‐polyacrylamide (PDA‐QHEC‐PAM) using mussel‐inspired chemistry. The hydrogel is obtained by the prepolymerization of dopamine (DA) in a QHEC solution subsequently radical polymerization during the formation of covalently cross‐linked PAM chains. The QHEC‐PDA‐PAM hydrogels have a good swelling ratio, and biodegradable properties. The hydrogel exhibits tissue‐adhesive behavior, e.g., the strength of hydrogel adhesion to porcine skin is 29.3 ± 1.2 kPa. The incorporation of PDA‐QHEC in a covalent cross‐linked PAM network exhibits good mechanical properties. For example, the QHEC‐0.4PDA‐PAM hydrogel exhibits a tensile strength of 55.7 kPa with high stretchability (1828%) and a compressive strength of 36.3 kPa at 80% strain. The hydrogel also shows good self‐recovery and self‐healing properties. The hydrogels also maintain highly interconnected porous structures and PDA microfibrils, significantly enhancing the cell proliferation, attachment, and spreading of keratinocyte and skin fibroblasts cells. Moreover, both QHEC and PDA chains exhibit rapid blood coagulation and antibacterial property toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Hence, the synthesized hydrogel with multiple properties has great potential for wound dressing applications.
Living Bacteria‐Based Immuno‐Photodynamic Therapy: Metabolic Labeling of Clostridium butyricum for Eradicating Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Shi Leilei , Liu Xiaoxiao , Li Yuzhen , Li Sha , Wu Wenbo , Gao Xihui , Liu Bin
Published: March 2022

Due to the complexity, aggressiveness, and heterogeneity of malignant melanoma, it is difficult to eradicate the whole tumor through conventional treatment. Herein, a strategy of metabolic engineering labeled anaerobic oncolytic bacteria (Clostridium butyricum) is demonstrated to achieve the ablation of melanoma. In this system, the metabolic substrate of C. butyricum d‐alanine (d‐Ala) is first conjugated with a photosensitizer (TPApy) showing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). The yielded metabolic substrate of d‐Ala‐TPAPy can be metabolically incorporated into bacterial peptidoglycan to form engineered C. Butyricum. Once the engineered C. butyricum is injected into melanoma, the bacteria can only proliferate in an anaerobic zone, stimulate the tumor immune microenvironment, and ablate the tumor hypoxia region. Following that, the relatively rich oxygen content in the peripheral area can induce the death of C. butyricum. The photosensitizer (PS) on the bacteria can subsequently exert a photodynamic effect in the oxygen‐rich region and further remove the melanoma residue under light irradiation. Prominent in vivo melanoma ablation results revealed that the engineering oncolytic bacteria can provide a promising regime for solid tumor eradication.
Optical Indicators based on Structural Colored Polymers
Authors: Foelen Yari , Schenning Albert P. H. J.
Published: March 2022

Polymer indicators are autonomous responsive materials that provide an optical signal of a specific exposure in time. This review describes the different polymer systems utilized to obtain indicators based on structural color. Structural color originates from the interaction of light with a periodic nanostructured polymer which causes a specific wavelength to be reflected. This reflected light can be used for fabricating battery‐free indicators that show visible structural color changes upon exposure to a stimulus or analyte. In this review, the typical structural color response types categorized by stimulus are discussed and compared. Furthermore, the steps toward possible applications of optical indicators based on structural colored polymers are outlined.
Advanced Oxygen‐Vacancy Ce‐Doped MoO3 Ultrathin Nanoflakes Anode Materials Used as Asymmetric Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density
Authors: Xu Liming , Zhou Weiqiang , Chao Shixing , Liang Yanmei , Zhao Xueqian , Liu Congcong , Xu Jingkun
Published: March 2022

Asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) meet the high power and energy demand in energy storage devices; however, the low capacitance of the anode materials severely hinders the development of ASCs. MoO3 with its high theoretical capacity is an ideal anode material, but its low electrical conductivity limits the application of capacitive energy storage. Herein, abundant oxygen vacancies Ce‐doped MoO3 (OV‐MoO3/Ce) ultrathin nanoflakes anode materials with a thickness of 1.51‐2.01 nm are constructed by a simple hydrothermal method. It is found that the nanostructure of MoO3 can be controllably changed from thick nanobelts into ultrathin nanoflakes by adjusting the Ce doping concentration. And Ce doping in the OV‐MoO3 lattice can additionally introduce abundant oxygen vacancies without introducing Ce oxide and other impurities. Benefiting from the synergy of ample oxygen vacancies, high specific surface area, and accelerated ion diffusion and charge mobility, the optimized OV‐MoO3/Ce electrode achieves a high specific capacitance (1439.0 F g‐1 at 2 mV s‐1 and 1446.3 F g‐1 at 5 A g‐1) and good cycle stability. More impressively, the ASC assembled using optimized OV‐MoO3/Ce as anode materials can provide an ultrahigh energy density of 150.0 Wh kg‐1 at a power density of 800 W kg‐1, and the practical demonstration of the assembled ASC device highlights its great potential for high energy storage.
Bioinspired Self‐Supporting Phthalocyanine@ZnIn2S4 Foam for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: She Ping , Qi Yuanyuan , Bao Tengfei , Rui Hongbang , Guan Buyuan , Rao Heng , Qin Jun-Sheng
Published: March 2022

Molecular catalysis for photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCR) has recently attracted much attention, whereas its scaled practical application is usually limited by the difficulty of recycling and its photochemical instability in homogeneous solutions. Immobilization of molecular catalysts on solid matrices, that is, covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions, provides a great blueprint to tackle this issue. Herein, a bioinspired self‐supporting phthalocyanine@ZnIn2S4 (Pc@ZnIn2S4) foam by growing ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on the commercialized polyurethane foam (PF) followed by loading amino‐modified cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc–NH2) is developed. The self‐supporting Pc@ZnIn2S4 PF carrier can be directly taken out of the reaction system for the next reaction cycle without any other procedures. The optimized Pc@ZnIn2S4 PF demonstrates superior PCR efficiency under visible light (λ = 420 nm), achieving 474.65 μmol CO g−1 catalyst after 8 h. The superior PCR performance is attributed to the elevated light‐harvesting ability induced by the porous foam structure and the enhanced charge separation efficiency facilitated by the dimension‐matched interface between ZnIn2S4 and Pc. The special design of the immobilization molecular catalyst on solid supporters presented herein develops an efficient strategy for solar‐driven energy conversion.
Organic Branched Heterostructures with Optical Interconnects for Photonic Barcodes
Authors: Su Yang , Wu Bin , Chen Song , Sun Ji‐Hao , Yu You‐Jun , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Wang Zuo‐Shan , Wang Xue‐Dong
Published: March 2022

Optical interconnects exhibit superior potential in the precise regulation of photon transmission for organic photonic circuits. However, the rational design of well‐defined organic heterostructures toward active optoelectronics remains challenging. Herein, we designed organic branched heterostructures (OBHs) with accurate spatial organization for optical interconnection. Notably, the precise regulation of OBHs has been controllably achieved including the trunk morphologies and the branched microwire number. Significantly, these as‐prepared OBHs inherently exhibit the multichannel coupling outputs and the excitation position‐dependent waveguide characteristics, leading to various outcoupling signals with tunable intensity and emission colors. The optical interconnects are realized due to the occurrence of exciton conversion and photon propagation between branch and trunk at the heterojunction, benefiting the application possibilities of two‐dimensional (2D) optical barcodes.
Concise Synthesis of (±)‐Myrioneurinol Enabled by Sequential [2+2] Cycloaddition/Retro‐Mannich Fragmentation/Mannich Reaction
Authors: Zhang Nanping , Jiang Huanfeng , Ma Zhiqiang
Published: March 2022

A concise total synthesis of (±)‐myrioneurinol has been achieved in 14 steps. An efficient AgSbF6/t‐BuCl‐catalyzed intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of the alkynone‐tethered enamine was developed to prepare the highly strained cyclobutene. It was used in combination with a subsequent retro‐Mannich fragmentation/Mannich reaction to efficiently construct the tricyclic core of myrioneurinol.
Nature of the Active Sites of Copper Zinc Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction
Authors: Zhen Shiyu , Zhang Gong , Cheng Dongfang , Gao Hui , Li Lulu , Lin Xiaoyun , Ding Zheyuan , Zhao Zhi‐Jian , Gong Jinlong
Published: March 2022

The electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2ER) to multi‐carbon chemical feedstocks over Cu‐based catalysts is of considerable attraction but suffers with the ambiguous nature of active sites, which hinder the rational design of catalysts and large‐scale industrialization. This paper describes a large‐scale simulation to obtain realistic CuZn nanoparticle models and the atom‐level structure of active sites for C2+ products on CuZn catalysts in CO2ER, combining neural network based global optimization and density functional theory calculations. Upon analyzing over 2000 surface sites through high throughput tests based on NN potential, two kinds of active sites are identified, balanced Cu−Zn sites and Zn‐heavy Cu−Zn sites, both facilitating C−C coupling, which are verified by subsequent calculational and experimental investigations. This work provides a paradigm for the design of high‐performance Cu‐based catalysts and may offer a general strategy to identify accurately the atomic structures of active sites in complex catalytic systems.
Isolation of Stable Borepin Radicals and Anions
Authors: Hollister Kimberly K. , Yang Wenlong , Mondol Ranajit , Wentz Kelsie E. , Molino Andrew , Kaur Aishvaryadeep , Dickie Diane A. , Frenking Gernot , Pan Sudip , Wilson David J. D. , Gilliard Robert J.
Published: March 2022

Borepin, a 7‐membered boron‐containing heterocycle, has become an emerging molecular platform for the development of new materials and optoelectronics. While electron‐deficient borepins are well‐established, reduced electron‐rich species have remained elusive. Herein we report the first isolable, crystalline borepin radical (2 a, 2 b) and anion (3 a, 3 b) complexes, which have been synthesized by potassium graphite (KC8) reduction of cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene‐dibenzo[b,d]borepin precursors. Borepin radicals and anions have been characterized by EPR or NMR, elemental analysis, X‐ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the bonding features have been investigated computationally using density functional theory.