bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conserved Quantities for the General Linear Heat Equation
Authors: Jhangeer Adil , Al-Mufadi Fahad
Published: November 2018

In this paper, conserved quantities are computed for a class of evolution equation by using the partial Noether approach [2]. The partial Lagrangian approach is applied to the considered equation, infinite many conservation laws are obtained depending on the coefficients of equation for each n. These results give potential systems for the family of considered equation, which are further helpful to compute the exact solutions.
A FIXED POINT APPROACH TO THE STABILITY OF GENERAL QUADRATIC EULER-LAGRANGE FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS IN INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY SPACES
Authors: Kim Seong Sik , Kim Ga Ya
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we prove the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of a general k-quadratic Euler-Lagrange functional equation:for any fixed positive integerÂ in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces using a fixed point method.
Dust-Charge Variation Effects on Dust ion Acoustic Shock Waves in Four Component Quantum Plasma
Authors: Pishbin Nooshin , Rouhani M. R. , Pajouh H. Hakimi , Alinejad N.
Published: November 2018

The behavior of nonlinear quantum dust ion acoustic (QDIA) shock waves in a collisionless, unmagnetized plasma consisting of inertialess quantum electrons and positrons, classical cold ions and stationary negatively charged dust grains with dust charge variation is investigated using quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) equations. The propagation of small amplitude QDIA shock waves is governed by Burgers equation. It is shown that the dust charge variation plays an important role in the formation of such QDIA shock structures. The dependence of the shock waveâ€™s amplitude and thickness on the chemical potential is investigated. The present theory is applicable to analyze the formation of nonlinear structures at quantum scales in dense astrophysical objects.
A Study of Systemology and Astronomic Atomic Structures
Authors: Ward Jessie Davis
Published: November 2018

This Paper utalizes Universal Expansion to derive the System Laws, rules that govern non-linear behavior. Examples of Systems are Sudoku, the Body, the Brain, and the Universe.
SCINTILLATION EFFECTS AND THE SPATIAL POWER SPECTRUM OF SCATTERED RADIO WAVES IN THE IONOSPHERIC F REGION
Authors: Jandieri George Vakhtang , Zhukova Natalia , Diasamidze Zhuzhuna , Diasamidze Mzia
Published: November 2018

Differential equation for two-dimensional spectral function of the phase fluctuation is derived using the modify smooth perturbation method. Second order statistical moments of the phase fluctuations are calculated taking into account polarization coefficients of both ordinary and extraordinary waves in the turbulent collision magnetized plasma and the diffraction effects. Analytical and numerical investigations in the ionospheric F region are based on the anisotropic Gaussian and power law spectral functions of electron density fluctuations including both the field-aligned anisotropy and field-perpendicular anisotropy of the plasma irregularities. Scintillation effects in this region are investigated for the small-scale ionospheric irregularities. The large-scale background plasma structures are responsible for the double-humped shape in the spatial power spectrum taking into account diffraction effects. Numerical calculations are based on the experimental data of the navigation satellites.Â
Comparison between different boost dose delivery techniques to the tumor bed of right sided breast cancer patients.
Authors: El-Hdidy Aly Mahmoud
Published: November 2018

Comparisons between three different techniques by which the boost dose was delivered to the tumor bed were carried out , aiming to present the best technique of treatment for right breast cancer patients.In this study, ten right sided breast cancer computed tomography (CT) scans were selected for ten early right breast cancer patients. We made three different treatment plans for each patient CT using three different irradiation techniques to deliver a prescribed boost dose of 10 Gy in 5 fractions to the boost PTV. In the first technique, two tangential photon beams were used, in the second technique we, two oblique photon beams were used and in the third technique, a single electron beam was used. The comparative analyses between the three techniques were performed by comparing the boost PTV- dose volume histograms (DVHs), the ipsilateral breast (right breast) DVHs, the ipsilateral lung (right lung) DVHs and the heart DVHs of the three techniques for each patient. Furthermore the dose that covering 100% , 95% of the volume (D100% , D95%) and the volume covered by 95% of the dose (V95%)ofÂ  the boost PTV of all techniques, were calculated for each patient to investigate the dose coverage of the target.Results showed that there were variations of the dose received by tumor bed, right breast and OARs depending on the technique used and the target location and size. A decrease of D100% than 90% of the prescribed dose was observed with the 3rd technique for patients 8, 9 and 10, and was observed with the 2nd technique for patient 5. A reduction of right breast dose was observed when the 3rd technique was use in comparison with the 1st and the 2nd techniques for patients 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8.Â  Also reduction of right breast was observed when the 2nd technique used in comparison with 1st technique. An increase of lung dose was observed with the 3rd technique for patients 1, 2, 5 and 6, also was observed with 2nd technique in patient 3, 5 and 7. A decrease of lung dose was observed with the 1st technique for patients 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9An individualized treatment, several plans using different irradiation techniques should be developed for each patient individually to reach the best boost PTV dose coverage with minimal OARsâ€™ dose.Â
AC-Impedance, Dynamic mechanical analysis and DSC investigations on poly(methyl methacrylate)â€“LiTf polymer electrolyte systems
Authors: Soliman Abdulhamid Mohammed , El. Shafee Ezeldain
Published: November 2018

Gel polymer electrolytes synthesized from Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) as the host, ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC) as plasticizer and LiCF3SO3 (LiTf) as a salt has been prepared using solution casting technique. X-ray characterization confirms the complete dissociation of the LiTf salt in the gel polymer. The effect of LiTfÂ  salt on ionic conductivity, ionic transference number (tion) andÂ  mechanical characteristics were investigated. The ac impedance has been studied to evaluate the ionic conductivity. It was observed that the ionic conductivity of the prepared gel reached the highest value ofÂ  6.60 x 10-5 S/cm at 10.2 wt.% (1M) of LiTf salt. The temperature dependence studies showed that the samples were ionic conductors and seemed to obey the Vogelâ€“Tammanâ€“Fulcher (VTF) rule.Â  Dynamic mechanicalÂ  analysis (DMA) indicates thatÂ  the LiTf salt induces a remarkable increase in the storage modulus of the matrix at temperatures above the glass transition (rubbery plateau region).
Electric Charge transmission through Four Bosons
Authors: Chauca J. , Doria R. , Soares I.
Published: November 2018

A non-Maxwellian model based on four bosons is considered. Based on an enlarged U(1)ï‚´SO(2) abeliansymmetry and preserving the postulates of light invariance and electric charge conservation its aim is to transfer electriccharge ï„Q = 0 and | ï„Q|= 1 . For this, it enlarges Maxwell by associating a fields set { , , } ï‚±ï­ ï­ ï­ A U V . Anelectromagnetic system with four intermediary bosons is proposed. It introduces a new electric charge physics, a newelectromagnetic transmission and a new photon physics.Thus, this work says that, while Maxwell electromagnetism focus on charge distribution and forces, there is stillroom for an electromagnetism based on charge transmission and gauge bosons. A new interpretation on the meaning ofelectric charge flux through gauge bosons is taken. Instead of just mediating different nature forces, the gauge bosonsphysics should be first understood as a mechanism for transferring energy-momentum and quantum numbers as electriccharge. At this way, for electric charge transportation four connected gauge bosons are necessary. They are the photon,massive photon and two charged fields.For this, a whole quantum field theory supported on the set principle is generated. It is based on the fields familymeaning associated to a same Lorentz representation (i, j) and tied up by a common gauge symmetry. Our physical caseare four bosons from )21,21( representation sharing an abelian symmetry. This four set provides the physicity necessaryfor transmitting any electric charge value.A new perception for the electromagnetic phenomena is envisaged. It is generalized for a four fields abelianLagrangian made of with antisymmetric and symmetric fields strengths, producing three and four abelian vertices, andgenerating whole relativistic equations with seven new features. It holds a dynamics carrying spin-1 and spin-0, based ongranular and collective fields strengths, set determinism with directive and chance, quanta network, nonlinearity, neutralcharges, photonics.A new scale for electromagnetic interaction is proposed. New intensities and range are derived through couplednonlinear equations, massive particles and the presence of coupling constants beyond the electric charge. A lightuniversality is obtained. Light becomes an absolute (light invariance), ubiquous (couplings constants diverse from electriccharge), directive (fields set vector), contingencies producer (relativism and chance), inner light (selfinteracting photons).
Magnetic Properties of xCeO2â€¢(50 âˆ’ x) PbOâ€¢50B2O3 Glasses and Glass Ceramics
Authors: Damrawi G.El , Gharghar F.
Published: November 2018

Cerium oxide in borate glasses of composition xCeO2Â·(50 âˆ’ x)PbOÂ·50B2O3 plays an important role in changing both microstructure and magnetic behaviors of the system. The structural role of CeO2 as an effective agent for cluster and crystal formation in borate network is clearly evidenced by XRD technique. Both structure and size of well-formed cerium separated clusters have an effective influence on the structural properties. The cluster aggregations are documented to be found in different range ordered structures, intermediate and long range orders are the most structures in which cerium phases are involved. The nano-sized crystallized cerium species in lead borate phase are evidenced to have magnetic behavior.  The criteria of building new specific borate phase enriched with cerium as ferrimagnetism has been found to keep the magnetization in large scale even at extremely high temperature. Treating the glass thermally or exposing it to an effective dose of ionized radiation is evidenced to have an essential change in magnetic properties. Thermal heat treatment for some of investigated materials is observed to play dual roles in the glass matrix. It can not only enhance alignment processes of the magnetic moment but also increases the capacity of the crystallite species in the magnetic phases. On the other hand, reverse processes are remarked under the effect of irradiation. The magnetization was found to be lowered, since several types of the trap centers which are regarded as defective states can be produced by effect of ionized radiation.
The Klein-Gordon Equation
Authors: Goodman Jim
Published: November 2018

Two solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation are found. The existence of a maximum relativistic correction of 2 is thus indicated. The normal relativistic correction is given by the usual solution. A certain Hilbert Space is used to find the solutions using a group theory taught at LSU and the Texas Method of Math also taught at LSU. The usefulness of group theoretical manipulations in Hilbert Space is indicated. A lemma is proved using this group theory that predicts a charge of +/-1 is the only values of charge possible. The usefulness of the second solution to the Klein-Gordon equation of a maximum of 2 for the relativistic correction is basic to the mass predictions in [3]. The fact that the energy reaches mc^2 indicates a dipole spinning at velocity c. The dipole is spinning in a magnetic field created by other particles so it creates charge.
Effect of MWCNT doping on the structural and optical properties of PVC/PVDF polymer blend
Authors: Abdelghany A. M. , Meikhail M.S. , Badr S.I. , Momen A. S.
Published: November 2018

Thin film samples of pristine polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly vinyldine fluoride (PVDF) in combination with their blend in addition to samples containing factorial mass fraction of multi wall carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) in the dopant level were prepared via routine casting technique using tetrahydrofurane (THF) as a common solvent. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depict the nano-scale (15-25 nm) of functionalized MWCNTs with no surface damage results from functionalization process.X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows a semi-crystalline nature of PVDF with evidence for more than one phase namely a and b phases. The fraction of b phase was calculated and correlated to the dopant content. FTIR optical absorption spectra revels a preservation of the main vibrational bands before and after addition of MWCNTs in the doping level with a presence of new small band 1151 cm-1 assigned for the interaction and complexation between constituents.
On the Harmonic Oscillations for the Motion of a Dynamical System
Authors: Amer W. S.
Published: November 2018

This work touches two important cases for the motion of a pendulum called Sub and Ultra-harmonic cases. The small parameter method is used to obtain the approximate analytic periodic solutions of the equation of motion when the pivot point of the pendulum moves in an elliptic path. Moreover, the fourth order Runge-Kutta method is used to investigate the numerical solutions of the considered model. The comparison between both the analytical solution and the numerical ones shows high consistency between them.
New structure induced by elastic anisotropy in cylindrical nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Qian Zhang , Xuan Zhou , Zhidong Zhang
Published: November 2018

Basing on Landauâ€“de Gennes theory, this study investigated the chiral configurations of nematic liquid crystals confined to cylindrical capillaries with homeotropic anchoring on the cylinder walls. When the elastic anisotropy (L2/L1) is large enough, a new structure results from the convergence of two opposite escape directions of the heterochiral twist and escape radial (TER) configurations. The new defect presents when L2/L1â‰¥7 and disappears when L2/L1<7. The new structure possesses a heterochiral hyperbolic defect at the center and two homochiral radial defects on both sides. The two radial defects show different chiralities.
On the Theoretical Possibility to Generate Gravitational Waves Using Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: SANDU Constantin
Published: November 2018

This paper demonstrates that according to a consequence of General Theory of Relativity, a high amount of electromagnetic waves, such as ultraviolet light, injected between two or more parallel reflective surfaces must generate through multiple reflections gravitational waves having a significant power which are radiated into space. The emitted gravitational waves have the same frequency as the incident electromagnetic waves and are directed along the normal  to the reflective surfaces. This papers derives, an equation connecting the radiated gravitational power with the  electromagnetic energy injected between reflective plates. The radiated gravitational power can be enhanced and focused on a point  using multiple reflective calottes.
Green synthesis of mixed metallic nanoparticles using room temperature self-assembly
Authors: Abdelghany A. M. , Oraby A.H. , Hindi Awatif A , El-Nagar Doaa M , Alhakami Fathia S
Published: November 2018

Bimetallic nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) were synthesized at room temperature using Curcumin. Reduction process of silver and gold ions with different molar ratios leads to production of different nanostructures including alloys and core-shells. Produced nanoparticles were characterized simultaneously with FTIR, UV/vis. spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDAX). UV/vis. optical absorption spectra of as synthesized nanoparticles reveals presence of surface palsmon resonance (SPR) of both silver at (425 nm) and gold at (540 nm) with small shift and broadness of gold band after mixing with resucing and capping agent in natural extract which suggest presence of bimetallic nano structure (Au/Ag). FTIR and EDAX data approve the presence of bimetallic nano structure combined with curcumin extract. TEM micrographs shows that silver and gold can be synthesized separately in the form of nano particles using curcumin extract. Synthesis of gold nano particles in presence of silver effectively enhance and control formation of bi-metallic structure.
Growth of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate Single Crystals by Slow Evaporation Technique
Authors: Bakr Nabeel A. , Dhahir Tariq A. Al- , Mohammad Saja B.
Published: November 2018

Single crystals of CuSO4.5H2O (CSP) were grown by slow evaporation solution technique at room temperature from its aqueous solution with molarity (0.25, 0.5 and 1.5) M. The sizes of the crystals were up to (39Ã—12Ã—3) mm3, (33.05Ã—30.5Ã—4.7) mm3 and (19.12Ã—15.3Ã—5.5) mm3 respectively. XRD patterns were recorded for powder of single crystals to find the parameters of crystals. FTIR studies confirm the presence of various functional groups in the crystals. The optical absorption was study by using UV-Vis analysis. The spectra show low absorbance in the range between 300 nm and 550 nm. Energy gap (Eg) of crystals was found to be (4.17, 4.19 and 4.25) eV at the molarity of (0.25, 0.5 and 1.5) M respectively.
The Deformation Structure of the Nuclei 32S and 36Ar
Authors: Kharroube K. A.
Published: November 2018

We applied two different approaches to investigate the deformation structures of the two nuclei S32 and Ar36 . In the first approach, we considered these nuclei as being deformed and have axes of symmetry. Accordingly, we calculated their moments of inertia by using the concept of the single-particle SchrÃ¶dinger fluid as functions of the deformation parameter Î². In this case we calculated also the electric quadrupole moments of the two nuclei by applying Nilsson model as functions of Î². In the second approach, we used a strongly deformed nonaxial single-particle potential, depending on Î² and the nonaxiality parameter Î³ , to obtain the single-particle energies and wave functions. Accordingly, we calculated the quadrupole moments of S32 and Ar36 by filling the single-particle states corresponding to the ground- and the first excited states of these nuclei. The moments of inertia of S32 and Ar36 are then calculated by applying the nuclear superfluidity model. The obtained results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data.
Photocatalytic treatment to inhibit the growth of skin cancerous cells
Authors: Sharon Maheshwar
Published: November 2018

A photocatalytic technique has been applied to study the inhibition of growth of cancerous cell . A suspension of semiconducting carbon (band gap 1.2 eV) in methanol (2 mg/ml in methanol) on administering to C6- Glioma (5 x 106 cells) tumor transplanted in Wistar pups and exposing it with visible light (15 Lux) for 30 min. inhibited the growth of cells while exposure of the cells alone either with light or semiconducting carbon did not show any appreciable inhibition. The mechanism responsible to inhibit of the growth of the cell is discussed. It is proposed that some medical practitioners would adopt this technique to cure skin cancer.Â Walchand Center for Nanotechnology and Bionanotechnology, Walchand College of Arts and Science, Solapur.India
Structural and physical studies of PVC/PVDF doped Nano lithium salt for electrochemical applications
Authors: Abdelghany A. M.
Published: November 2018

Â AbstractPolymer blend of poly (vinyl chloride) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) of nominal composition (30PVC/70PVDF) wt:wt were prepared in the form of thin films using casting technique. Samples of the same composition doped with gradient concentration of nano lithium salt (LTO) were prepared and studied. Proposed filler was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/vis. optical absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron diffraction (ED).Â  Obtained data approve the crystalline nano structure of filler with a cubic structure of average size (25-30 nm). Prepared nano composites were then investigated using different spectroscopic methods. XRD reveals the amorphous nature of the base polymer blend with tendency for increase in crystallinity with increasing the content of lithium salt. FTIR shows a preservation of the main vibrational spectral bands in their position with small variation in the area and intensity of some spectral bands related to the interaction between polymer and filler.
Theory of The Three Fields of Space
Authors: Guimaraes Eduardo S.
Published: November 2018

This article is a logical and rational analysis of the physical phenomena produced by the three fields that are generated in space: gravity field; field of terrestrial nuclear magnetism; and orbital field.

Eduardo Guimarães, through the studies of the three nuclear masses of the Sun's nucleus, the three nuclear masses of the moon's nucleus, and the three nuclear masses of the Earth's nucleus.

We discover the three spatial fields that are generated in the solar system and in the planets.

Then, from the general theory of the three fields of space, we can understand all the mechanics that generate the dynamics and kinematics of celestial bodies.

So now we can understand why the smaller celestial bodies orbit the orbital field of the largest celestial bodies.

So now we can understand why the planets produce orbits of elliptical motions, around the orbital field of the Sun.

Then we understand the orbital mechanics of the little planet Mercury, and its abnormal orbit around the orbiting field of the Sun.

Then Mercury has a perihelion precession of 2 degrees per century, due to an approximation of the perihelion of Mercury which is attracted by the micro-gravity of the Sun, generating an orbital deviation of 2 degrees per century.

In the future the planet Mercury will lose energy from its nucleus and will not be able to make the orbital curve of the perihelion because it will have been attracted by the gravitational field of the Sun's nucleus.

The fall of Mercury on the Sun will generate two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA.

The first thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of the gravity mass attraction of Mercury debris with the Sun's nucleus.

The second thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of attraction of the mass of orbital attraction of Mercury debris with the nucleus of the Sun.

These two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA will generate two immense thermonuclear shockwaves that will devastate the entire fragile geo-biome of the solar system.
Study The Properties of Sintered Al-Composites Matrix Reinforced With Nano-Al Oxide And/Or Carbon Nano Tubes
Authors: Hammad A. E. , Amin M. , Ragab M. , AboelMagd Yasser M. R.
Published: November 2018

The present work is concerned with studying the synthesis and characterization of hybrid aluminum bronze matrix strengthened with nano-aluminum oxide particles (n-Al2O3), and carbon nano tubes (CNTs). The selected matrix composite was successfully incorporated with different weighted percentages of CNTs (i.e. 1.0 and 2.0 wt.%) and/or n-Al2O3 (i.e. 1.0 and 2.0 wt.%) by sintering process. From the microstructure analysis, n- Al2O3 particles was dispersed uniformly and holding over the surface of aluminum bronze. Furthermore, some agglomeration was found due to reinforced CNTs into aluminum bronze matrix. From hardness tests, it was found that incorporated n- Al2O3 and CNTs into matrix increased the hardness of composites to be equal 230 HV, which is around 2.3 times higher than that of an aluminum bronze matrix. Moreover, the wear loss of CNTs - Al2O3/aluminum bronze composites diminished because of the impact of homogeneous circulation of CNTs in aluminum bronze and low corrosion coef?cient of uncovered CNTs on the well-used surface. Notable from the results, the electrical resistivity of the hybrid composites are lower than the matrix. Hopefully, the findings are expected to provide profound knowledge and further reference towards the studied composites of the miniaturised electronic package
Preparation and Characterization of Polyacrylamide – Silver Nanocomposite
Authors: Ahmed Samira
Published: November 2018

The preparation of polyacrylamide (PAAM)/silver (Ag) nanocomposites, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and vibrational structure were studied in this work. TEM results showed that the Ag particles were in sphere shape with 12 nm and 13 nm diameter. The X-ray diffraction results showed that, silver nanoparticles are present in the prepared nanocomposites 10 nm and 11 nm. The vibrational modes were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy.
Physical Mathematics and The Fine-Structure Constant
Authors: Sherbon Michael A.
Published: November 2018

Research into ancient physical structures, some having been known as the seven wonders of the ancient world, inspired new developments in the early history of mathematics. At the other end of this spectrum of inquiry the research is concerned with the minimum of observations from physical data as exemplified by Eddington's Principle. Current discussions of the interplay between physics and mathematics revive some of this early history of mathematics and offer insight into the fine-structure constant. Arthur Eddington's work leads to a new calculation of the inverse fine-structure constant giving the same approximate value as ancient geometry combined with the golden ratio structure of the hydrogen atom. The hyperbolic function suggested by Alfred Landé leads to another result, involving the Laplace limit of Kepler's equation, with the same approximate value and related to the aforementioned results. The accuracy of these results are consistent with the standard reference. Relationships between the four fundamental coupling constants are also found.
Optimal Density Determination of Bouguer Anomaly Using Fractal Analysis (Case of study: Charak area,IRAN)
Authors: Samadi Hamid Reza
Published: November 2018

In exploration geophysics the main and initial aim is to determine density of under-research goals which have certain density difference with the host rock. Therefore, we state a method in this paper to determine the density of bouguer plate, the so-called variogram method based on fractal geometry. This method is based on minimizing surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. The fractal dimension of surface has been used as surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. Using this method, the optimal density of Charak area insouth of Hormozgan province can be determined which is 2/7 g/cfor the under-research area. This determined density has been used to correct and investigate its results about the isostasy of the studied area and results well-coincided with the geology of the area and dug exploratory holes in the text area
On Spectral-Homotopy Perturbation Method Solution of Nonlinear Differential Equations in Bounded Domains
Authors: A. Khidir Ahmed
Published: November 2018

In this study, a combination of the hybrid Chebyshev spectral technique and the homotopy perturbation method is used to construct an iteration algorithm for solving nonlinear boundary value problems. Test problems are solved in order to demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of the new technique and comparisons are made between the obtained results and exact solutions. The results demonstrate that the new spectral homotopy perturbation method is more efficient and converges faster than the standard homotopy analysis method. The methodology presented in the work is useful for solving the BVPs consisting of more than one differential equation in bounded domains.Â
Modified Eccentric Connectivity Polynomial of Circumcoronene Series of Benzenoid Hk
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2018

Let G=(V,E) be a molecular graph, where V(G) is a non-empty set of vertices/atoms and E(G) is a set of edges/bonds. For vV(G), defined dv be degree of vertex/atom v and S(v)is the sum of the degrees of its neighborhoods. The modified eccentricity connectivity polynomial of a molecular graph G is defined as Â where Îµ(v) is defined as the length of a maximal path connecting v to another vertex of molecular graph G. In this paper we compute this polynomial for a famous molecular graph of Benzenoid family.
Magnetic Field Mental Representations of 15-16 Year Old Students
Authors: Nertivich Dimitri
Published: November 2018

The study of studentsâ€™ mental representations of Natural Sciences concepts and phenomena constitutes a central part of Physics Education research, as they play a decisive role in teaching. In the study presented here, we investigate 112 15-16 years old studentsâ€™ mental representations of the magnetic field, after they were taught about it in school. The empirical data was gathered through an interview using 3 tasks which involved the evaluation of actual or hypothetical situations. The research data included mental representations that cause difficulty in the comprehension of the properties of the magnetic field.
Systems Theory and Cybernetics in Chemistry and Physics
Authors: Kuric Lutvo
Published: November 2018

The modern science mainly treats the biochemical basis of sequencing in macromolecules and processes in chemistry and physics. One can ask weather the language of chemistry and physics is the adequate scientific language to explain the phenomenon in these sciences. Is there maybe some other language, out of chemistry, that determines how the chemical processes will function and what the? The research results provide some answers to these questions. They reveal to us that the process of sequencing in macromolecules is conditioned and determined not only through chemical, but also through cybernetic and informationÂ principles.Â
Formulation of Mathematical Modeling to Characterize The Aluminium Metals Using Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Techniques
Authors: Golhar Arti R , Sawadh P.S. , Choudhari N. K.
Published: November 2018

Predicting the type of aluminium metals and composition of elements present in the aluminium samples through Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a matter of very importance for aluminium Industry. The unique method to determine grade of the aluminium sample is required to characterize the aluminium metals. The Nondestructive Technique (NDT) and determination of characteristics and mechanical properties of aluminium metals are used to identify the grade of aluminium metals so that accordingly it can be used for the specific applications. Therefore a technique is required to predict the percentage of aluminium, Iron, Copper, Manganese of aluminium metals so as to categorize into different grades and applications. In Aluminium samples percentage of Aluminium plays very important role which may help to decide the grade of the aluminium metals hence its applications. The present work is focused on how the percentage of aluminium in aluminium samples can be calculated by adopting the mathematical modeling technique. Â 

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There are various parameters which generally affect the percentage of aluminium in aluminium samples, and play a very major role. Therefore through this investigation an attempt is being made to formulate an approximate mathematical model which will certainly predict the percentage of aluminium in aluminium samples. In advent of this a dimensionless pie terms of various prominent parameters or variables have been taken to form a mathematical model. Some of these variables used to formulate this model are given as follows (i) physical properties of the aluminium samples like hardness, density, modulus of elasticity etc (ii) Signal analysis properties like Peak amplitude of Time signal, FFT, PSD and (iii) both the properties. The data of such types of variables have been recorded and calculated and thus the formulation of model is being done by multiple regression analysis. The model is then optimized and the reliability of the model has also been estimated. In fact this type of model will be helpful to estimate the aluminium percentage.
Ground Magnetic Survey for The Investigation of Mineral Deposit at Itesi Village in Orile Ilugun, Odeda , South West Nigeria
Authors: S. O Sedara , E. O Joshua , O.I Popoola
Published: November 2018

Advances in technique development and data interpretation have greatly improved our ability to visualize the subsurface. A Magnetic survey was carried out at a site in Itesi village, Ilugun, Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria using a portable proton precession magnetometer (G-856 AX). A total of ten profiles were established in an E-W direction in the study area. The acquired magnetic field data were corrected for drift. Qualitative and quantitative interpretations were adopted to obtain negative peak value and the maximum positive peak value. The depth to top of basement rock was estimated using Peterâ€™s Half slope. Likewise the depth to centre of basement rock was estimated using the Half width rule. The contour maps, 3-D surface map and the 1-grid vector map present the subsurface image.

The whole survey area has a total length of 100 m at a line spacing of 10 m and a breadth of 45 m at 5 m spacing. The whole area was characterized by complete varying negative amplitudes from a very low peak value of about -9.9 nT and a maximum positive peak value of about 17.4 nT respectively. The closely spaced, linear sub-parallel orientations of contours from the South western part of the map suggest the possibility of faults or local fractured zones.
Evaluation of The Existing State of Geothermal Exploration and Development in Nigeria
Authors: Omosule Sedara Samuel , E.O Joshua
Published: November 2018

Relatively little expenditure for hydroelectricity and fossil fuels have had a restraining influence on levels of exploration and development for geothermal energy resources in Nigeria for the past several years. The focus of development has been in the areas of low temperature geothermal energy involving the exploration and assessment of hot spring resources primarily for recreational applications – although possibly for other direct uses depending on local infrastructure and access to appropriate energy markets. The geological structure of Nigeria influences geothermal exploration extent within each geological province. Sedimentary basins in Nigeria have been explored for hydrocarbons for several decades, thus the oil companies collected large subsurface temperature data basis. But not much is known about geothermal conditions within Nigerian Precambrian crystalline province. On the basis of BHT data from oil wells it has been found that geothermal gradient in Niger Delta ranges from 1.5 to 4.9°C/100m and in Anambra Basin (directly to the north) it can reach 5.7°C/100m. Exploration for geothermal energy in northern Nigeria based on shallow water wells (down to 600 m deep) was carried out over 20 years ago. The other aspect of geothermal exploration in Nigeria is investigating of the thermal springs and seepages, which occur mainly within sediments of the Middle and Upper Benue Trough. The water of the warmest springs in that area: Akiri and Ruwan Zafi have the temperature about 56°C and it suggests the occurrence of some geothermal anomalies. So far, there are probably only three (direct) geothermal energy utilisation sites in Nigeria. The Ikogosi warm spring (37°C) located in south-western part of the country, in Ekiti state, the Wikki warm spring (39°C) located in Bauchi (North-eastern) part of Nigeria and the Rafin Rewa spring (42°C) located in Plateau (North-central) state of Nigeria. Hence this paper reviews the current status of the geothermal industry (both high and low temperature) in Nigeria.
Detection of Pb in Whitening Creams via Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
Authors: Bidin Noriah B
Published: November 2018

Recently whitening creams have been widely used to protect UV light exposure due to the depletion of ozone layer. The demand attracts the rapid growth of various whitening creams in the market. The detection is required in order to determine the constituent of the whitening cream, whether it contains dangerous element like heavy metal (Pb, Hg or Cr). In this attempt, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was deployed to analyse the existence of heavy metal. Several whitening creams available in retail shop and open market were investigated. Cryogenically frozen technique was utilized to convert the emulsion into solid form. Lead Pb was detected in all the tested samples in the range of 2 - 5 ppm.  The LIBS results were validated by Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) technique.  The high sensitivity, portable and in-situ LIBS system allow simple, faster and easy heavy metal detection.  This enhances the procedure of inspection in cosmetic industries
Computing a Counting Polynomial of an Infinite Family of Linear Polycene Parallelogram Benzenoid Graph P(a,b)
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2018

Omega polynomial was defined by M.V. Diudea in 2006 as Â where the number of edges co-distant with e is denoted by n(e). One can obtain Theta Î˜, Sadhana Sd and Pi Î  polynomials by replacing xn(e) with n(e)xn(e), x|E|-n(e) and n(e)x|E|-n(e) in Omega polynomial, respectively. Then Theta Î˜, Sadhana Sd and Pi Î  indices will be the first derivative of Î˜(x), Sd(x) and Î (x) evaluated at x=1. In this paper, Pi Î (G,x) polynomial and Pi Î (G) index of an infinite family of linear polycene parallelogram benzenoid graph P(a,b) are computed for the first time.
Fifth Geometric-Arithmetic Index of Polyhex Zigzag TUZC6[m,n] Nanotube and Nanotori
Authors: Farahani Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2018

Among topological descriptors, connectivity indices are very important and they have a prominent role in chemistry. The geometric-arithmetic index (GA) index is a topological index was defined as GA (G) in which degree of a vertex v denoted by dv. A new version of GA index was defined by A. Graovac et al recently, and is equale to GA (G) where GA (G) In this paper, we compute this new topological connectivity index for polyhex zigzag TUZC6[m,n] Nanotube and Nanotori.
The Yukawa Potential Function and Reciprocal Univalent Function
Authors: Pishkoo Amir , Darus Maslina
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a mathematical model that provides analytic connection between four fundamental forces (interactions), by using modified reciprocal theorem,derived in the paper, as a convenient template. The essential premise of this work is to demonstrate that if we obtain with a form of the Yukawa potential function [as a meromorphic univalent function], we may eventually obtain the Coloumb Potential as a univalent function outside of the unit disk. Finally, we introduce the new problem statement about assigning Meijer's G-functions to Yukawa and Coloumb potentials as an open problem.
Dielectric and Electrical Properties of LaGaO3 Ceramics
Authors: Das Piyushranjan , Mekap Anita , Choudhary R. N. P.
Published: November 2018

LaGaO3 â€based perovskite oxides doped with Sr and Mg exhibit high ionic conductivity over a wide range of oxygen partial pressure and found to be very stable in reducing, oxidizing, and CO2 atmospheres. In this study, the polycrystalline sample of LaGaO3 was prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. Preliminary X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of powder sample of LaGaO3 showed the formation of single-phase compound at room temperature. The surface morphology of the pellet sample of LaGaO3 was recorded at room temperature using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Detailed studies of dielectric properties (Îµr, tan Î´) and impedance parameters of the material provide an insight into the electrical properties and understanding of types of relaxation process occurred in the material. Temperature variation of dc conductivity shows that this compound exhibits negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) and frequency dependence of ac conductivity suggests that the material obeys Jonschera's universal power law.
A Study of Disaster Management System with View of Manet Application
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Srivastava Ashutosh
Published: November 2018

In the modern era, Disaster Management has become an important field of study. With the advent of telecommunication system and their possible integration with the existing disaster management system, it is possible to minimize the after effects of disaster. In this paper we present a study of available and possible disaster management system based on wireless mobile telecommunication. In order to use such a system in the actual world security requirements such as availability, accountability, integrity and confidentiality must be ensured by the disaster management system.Â
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co0.5Ni0.5-xMnxFe2O4(x=0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.5) Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared via Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method
Authors: Amirabadizadeh Ahmad , Rasouli Mohammad , Sarhaddi Reza
Published: November 2018

In this study, Co0.5Ni0.5-xMnxFe2O4 (x=0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.5) ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion method. Structural, magnetic and morphology properties of obtained nanoparticles were investigated with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM), respectively. The XRD results show that the most dominant peaks for samples is related to the Spinel phase. Crystalline size using Scherrer's equation for different values of x were obtained between 44 to 64 nm. VSM results showed that the saturation magnetization and coercivity values changed with increasing Mn. TEM images obtained results are in good agreement with the XRD results.
The Second Law, Gibbs Free Energy, Geometry, and Protein Folding
Authors: Fang Yi
Published: November 2018

The fundamental physical law of protein folding is the second law of thermodynamics. The key to solve proteinfolding problem is to derive an analytic formula of the Gibbs free energy. It has been overdue for too long. Let U be a monomeric globular protein whose M atoms 1 M a are classified into hydrophobicity classes H H , ,H 1H 2.
Energy Spectra of CdS/Cd1-xZnx S Nano Dot Under The Influence of Magnetic Field
Authors: Elangovan P. , Balakumari M. , Franklin Benial A. Milton
Published: November 2018

We present a theoretical study on shallow donor binding energies of CdS/ CdZnS nano dot as a strength of  applied magnetic field along Z direction for various Zn concentration. Calculations are carried out by using the technique of variational ansatz within the frame work of effective mass approximation. Our results show that the binding energies are drastically affected by the dot radius, the strength of magnetic field and concentrations.
Is Gravity, The Curvature of Spacetime or A Quantum Phenomenon?
Authors: Guillen Gomez Alfonso Leon
Published: November 2018

Gravity is the curvature of spacetime, the structural property of static gravitational field, a geometric field, in curved coordinates, according the functions guv, that express geometric relations. Course, general relativity is a relational theory, however, gravity, a thinking category, has symetric physical effects with matter. Throught of relativist aether was attempted transform spacetime in a substantia without succes, the consequence was return to problematic geometric field. The philosophy of the science intervenes, and according the substantialist theory spacetime is a inmaterial, geometric substantia. Then, the metaphysics arrives to a full solution in the super-substantivalist theory, that affirms: matter arises from geometric spacetime. Thus, it explains consistently the symetric physical effects between spacetime and matter. Surely, this solution is a medieval speculation. Our goal is driver the debate on gravity, to the arena of the quantum physics, but without the ballast of the general relativity. Â Â
Preliminary Investigation of The Attenuation of Solar Radation in The Atmosphere Over Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Isikwue Bernadette Chidomnso , Aiji Ada Amedu , Echi Mathias Idugba
Published: November 2018

The attenuation of solar radiation in the atmosphere over Makurdi (Latitude 7o 7’ N and longitude 8o 6’ E) was investigated by measurements of direct solar radiation (I) carried out using a digital sun photometer that measured in Wm- 2. The measurements were made at 9:00hrs, 12:00 hrs and 15: 00hrs daily for six months. Global solar radiation, (IG) was calculated for the six months using Gun Bellani measurements from Air Force Base, Makurdi. The diffuse component of solar radiation (ID) was evaluated and the extraterrestrial solar radiation (Io) was obtained by calculation using the equation of Duffie and Beckman (1983) and Liou (1980). The variation of attenuation with clearness index Ki was found. The attenuation in the atmosphere over Makurdi was found to be highest in the month of August with a value of 0.975 and lowest in December with a value of 0.427. There was good agreement in the pattern of variation of attenuation in Makurdi when compared with that of Ilorin that lies in the same geographic latitude.
Gravity Quantized In Dimension 4
Authors: Torbrand Beyram
Published: November 2018

This is a sequel to the article 'A More or Less Well-Behaved Quantum Gravity Lagrangean in Dimension 4?' in Advanced Studies in Theoretical Physics, Torbrand Dhrif[6]. We give a simple Quantum Gravity Lagrangean that behaves well, up to the standards of particle physics. Feynman calculus for cross-sections, and the diagrams involved, should behave good. The action is naively renormalizable, has critical dimension and is invariant under scalings in dimension 4. It implies standard Einstein gravity for a massless graviton.
AC Conductivity and Mechanism of Conduction Study of ?-Sr2P2O7 Using Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Megdiche Makram , Gargouri Mohamed
Published: November 2018

The ceramic sample Sr2P2O7 was prepared by a solid-state reaction technique at high temperature. Electrical properties and modulus analysis were studied using complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 200 Hz–5 MHz and temperature range 602-714 K. The difference of the value of activation energy for the bulk obtained from analysis of equivalent circuit (0.81 eV) and modulus relaxation (0.69 eV) confirms that the transport is not due from a simple hopping mechanism. The average of the power law exponent s is reasonably interpreted by the overlapping large polaron tunneling (OLPT) model. The mechanism of conduction is probably due from the displacements of the Sr2+ ion in the tunnel-type cavities along the b axis.