bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the genetic causal relationship between physical activity and migraine in European population based on Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Jinfu , Yang Guan
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous studies have shown a connection between physical activity and migraines, but they don’t prove a cause-and-effect relationship due to potential biases in observational methods.

Methods

Utilizing accelerometer-measured physical activity data from a cohort of 377,234 participants in the UK Biobank and information from 599,356 European migraine patients (including 48,975 cases and 550,381 controls) obtained from 24 cohorts, we performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the genetic bidirectional causal relationship between accelerometer-measured physical activity and migraines.

Results

Research findings indicated a slight negative genetic correlation between “average acceleration” physical activity (rg = −0.091, p = 0.011), overall physical activity (rg = −0.081, p = 0.017), and migraine. Nevertheless, no shared genetic components were observed between migraine and “fraction of accelerations > 425 mg” of physical activity (rg = −0.124, p = 0.076). The study results also demonstrated a lack of genetic bidirectional causality between accelerometer-measured physical activity and migraine (“average acceleration”, OR = 1.002, 95% CI 0.975–1.031, p = 0.855, “fraction of accelerations > 425 mg”, OR = 1.127, 95% CI 0.802–1.583, p = 0.488, overall physical activity, OR = 0.961, 95% CI 0.713–1.296, p = 0.799), and vice versa. Additionally, this lack of causal association persists even after adjusting for obesity (OR = 1.005, p = 0.578), education (OR = 1.019, p = 0.143), and depression (OR = 1.005, p = 0.847), either separately or simultaneously.

Conclusion

The Mendelian randomization results based on genetic data do not provide support for a causal association between physical activity and migraine.
Assessment of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase subunit beta in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Yang Jing , Tian Mei , Zhang Lei , Xin Cheng , Huo Jia , Liu Qi , Dong Hui , Li Rui , Liu Yaling
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Geranylgeranyltransferase Subunit Beta (RABGGTB) was expressed at higher levels in patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared with healthy controls. This study aims to observe the expression of RABGGTB in different cells from patients with ALS and different diseases.

Methods

In this case–control study, we collected peripheral blood from patients with ALS and healthy controls, and compared the expression of RABGGTB in natural killer cells (NK), T cells and B cells between patients with ALS and healthy controls by flow cytometry. And compared the expression of RABGGTB in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with ALS, Parkinson’s disease (PD), acute cerebrovascular disease (ACVD), and healthy controls by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Then flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of RABGGTB in monocytes from SOD1G93A mice and WT mice.

Results

The expression of RABGGTB was not significantly changed in NK cells, cytotoxic T cells (CTL), helper T cells (Th), regulatory T cells (Treg), and B cells from patients with ALS compared to healthy controls. And the expression of RABGGTB in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages was higher in the ALS group than in the PD, ACVD and control group. The expression of RABGGTB was significantly higher in monocytes of SOD1G93A mice compared to WT mice.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that RABGGTB expression was increased in monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with ALS, not in NK, CTL, Th, Treg, and B cells. Future studies are needed to find the clinical implication of RABGGTB in ALS.
Exploring cross-modal plasticity in the auditory–visual cortex post cochlear implantation: implications for auditory and speech function recovery and mechanisms
Authors: Qiao Xiao-Feng , Liu Lu-Dan , Han Ling-Yan , Chen Ying , Li Xin
Published: August 2024

Objective

The aim of this is to explore changes in cross-modal reorganization within the auditory–visual cortex after cochlear implantation, examining their influence on auditory and speech functions along with their underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Twenty prelingually deaf children who received cochlear implantation and rehabilitation training at our hospital between February 2022 and February 2023 comprised the prelingual deaf group. Simultaneously, 20 healthy children served as the control group. The prelingual deaf group underwent brain cortical activity assessment and evaluation of auditory-speech recovery pre-surgery, at postoperative weeks 1 and 2, and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. The control group underwent parallel assessments and evaluations. We analyzed the correlation between cortical activity in the auditory–visual cortex of patients and their auditory-speech functional recovery.

Results

The group with prelingual deafness displayed elevated levels of auditory and visual cortical electromagnetic intensity compared to the control group, both prior to and 9 months after surgery. However, by the 12-month mark post-surgery, there was no discernible distinction between the two groups. Following surgery, the prelingually deaf group exhibited a progressive improvement in both Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rate (SIR), initially lagging behind the control group. Notably, a negative correlation emerged between auditory and visual cortical electromagnetic intensity values and CAP/SIR scores at the 12-month post-surgery assessment.

Conclusion

Cochlear implantation in prelingually deaf children results in elevated activity within the auditory and visual cortices, demonstrated by heightened electromagnetic intensity readings. Cross-modal reorganization is observed temporarily at 3 months post-surgery, which resolves to baseline levels by 12 months post-surgery. This phenomenon of reversal correlates with the restoration of auditory and speech functions in these children.
Polyphenols in health and food processing: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant insights
Authors: Sun Shengqian , Liu Zhengyang , Lin Mingxia , Gao Na , Wang Xiaojie
Published: August 2024

Polyphenols, as subordinate metabolites of plants, have demonstrated significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant action in scientific learn. These compounds exert their effects through various mechanisms, containing interference with microbial cell structures, rule of host immune responses, and neutralization of free radicals. This multifaceted activity positions polyphenols as promising candidates for maintaining human health and treating related diseases. Notably, in the context of escalating antibiotic resistance, the antibacterial properties of polyphenols offer innovative avenues for the development of new therapeutic agents. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects hold substantial potential for treating inflammatory diseases and mitigating the aging process. This review aims to summarize the latest findings on the biological activities of polyphenols, highlighting their mechanisms of action and potential applications in health and disease management. Furthermore, optimizing polyphenol extraction methods aligns with the goals of sustainable and green processing, reducing environmental impact while enhancing food safety and extending shelf life. Employing advanced analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy and chromatography, can ensure the accurate evaluation of polyphenol content and efficacy. These efforts collectively contribute to the ongoing improvement of food processing practices and product quality, promoting a healthier and more sustainable future in the food industry.
Persistent primary hyperparathyroidism caused by an ectopic adenoma in the piriform sinus: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sardella Chiara , Seccia Veronica , Giambalvo Massimo , Pierotti Laura , Dinoi Elisa , Della Valentina Simone , Pardi Elena , Materazzi Gabriele , Dallan Iacopo , Berrettini Stefano , Cetani Filomena
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder in which surgery is the only curative therapy. Ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the pyriform sinus resulting from a pathological migration of parathyroid glands along the embryological development is a rare cause of PHPT. We describe a case of a persistent primary hyperparathyroidism after previous unsuccessful surgery due to an ectopic parathyroid adenoma within the pyriform sinus and we review the previous reports on this issue.

Case presentation

A 62-year-old woman was referred for persistent hypercalcemia following unsuccessful cervical exploratory surgery. Cervical ultrasound did not detect any parathyroid abnormalities. At variance, 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT and CT scan of the neck identified a parathyroid adenoma in the left pyriform sinus, which was confirmed by endoscopy. The patient was successfully treated by transoral robotic resection and the pathology confirmed a parathyroid adenoma.

Conclusions

The ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the pyriform sinus is so uncommon that only fourteen cases have been reported. However, the pyriform sinus should be considered a possible location of ectopic parathyroid glands, especially in the setting of persistent or recurrent PHPT after parathyroid surgery.
Astaxanthin activated the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway to inhibit ferroptosis and enhance autophagy, ameliorating dry eye disease
Authors: Hou Chenting , Xiao Jie , Wang Youhai , Pan Xinghui , Liu Kangrui , Lu Kang , Wang Qing
Published: August 2024

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common eye disease in clinical practice. The crucial pathogenesis of DED is that hyperosmolarity activates oxidative stress signaling pathways in corneal epithelial and immune cells and, thus, produces inflammatory molecules. The complex pathological changes in the dry eye still need to be elucidated to facilitate treatment. In this study, we found that astaxanthin (AST) can protect against DED through the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. After treatment with AST, the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway was positively activated in DED both in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by enhanced autophagy and decreased ferroptosis. In hyperosmolarity-induced DED corneal epithelial cells, AST increased the expression of ferritin to promote iron storage and reduce Fe2+ overload. It increased glutathione (GSH) and GPX4, scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide, and rescued the mitochondrial structure to prevent ferroptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of ferroptosis by ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), or AST could activate healthy autophagic flux. In addition, in a dry eye mouse model, AST upregulated SLC7A11 and GPX4 and inhibited ferroptosis. To summarize, we found that AST can ameliorate DED by reinforcing the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway, which mainly affects oxidative stress, autophagy, and ferroptosis processes.
Compact freeform near-eye display system design enabled by optical-digital joint optimization
Authors: Xu Huiming , Yang Tong , Cheng Dewen , Wang Yongtian
Published: August 2024

The near-eye display (NED) systems, designed to project content into the human eye, are pivotal in the realms of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), offering users immersive experiences. A small volume is the key for a fashionable, easy-to-wear, comfortable NED system for industrial and consumer use. Freeform surfaces can significantly reduce the system volume and weight while improving the system specifications. However, great challenges still exist in further reducing the volume of near-eye display systems as there is also a limit when using only freeform optics. This paper introduces a novel method for designing compact freeform NED systems through a powerful optical–digital joint design. The method integrates a geometrical freeform optical design with deep learning of an image compensation neural network, addressing off-axis nonsymmetric structures with complex freeform surfaces. A design example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Specifically, the volume of a freeform NED system is reduced by approximately 63% compared to the system designed by the traditional method, while still maintaining high-quality display performance. The proposed method opens a new pathway for the design of a next-generation ultra-compact NED system.
Neurodevelopmental disorders in children seeking obesity treatment- associations with intellectual ability and psychiatric conditions
Authors: Dellenmark-Blom Maria , Järvholm Kajsa , Sjögren Lovisa , Levinsson Anna , Dahlgren Jovanna
Published: August 2024

Background

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive deficits are commonly seen in children with obesity; however, little is known about the overlap between these conditions. This study aimed to examine the undiagnosed and diagnosed frequency of NDDs and explore its association with psychiatric conditions and general intellectual ability (IQ) in children presenting for obesity treatment.

Methods

In this observational study at two outpatient obesity clinics during 2018-2019, 80 children (8-17 years) were consecutively recruited, and screened for NDD unless already diagnosed with an NDD. A psychiatric unit evaluated children who screened positive for NDD. Diagnoses and clinical background factors were collected from medical records. IQ was assessed with the Weschler Intelligence Scales and internalizing symptoms were assessed using the Beck Youth Inventories. Associations between background factors, IQ and internalizing symptoms were explored in relation to having an NDD or not.

Results

We found that 47/80 children had at least one NDD. Children with a diagnosed NDD before study start (n = 30) had significantly more comorbidities than children diagnosed after the study screening (n = 17) (P = .01). Greater cognitive impairment was seen in children with NDD compared with children without an NDD (P = .01). Also, 33/73 participants self-reported substantial internalizing symptoms. At follow-up, 21/79 participants, in addition to NDD, had been diagnosed with another psychiatric disorder. Ten of these were children that had been diagnosed with an NDD before study start.

Conclusion

The overlap between NDD, cognitive deficits and psychiatric conditions in children with obesity is an important consideration for clinical practice. Screening for these conditions may be necessary when providing targeted interventions.
Transcranial direct current stimulation and neuronal functional connectivity in MCI: role of individual factors associated to AD
Authors: Kang Dong Woo , Wang Sheng-Min , Um Yoo Hyun , Kim Sunghwan , Kim TaeYeong , Kim Donghyeon , Lee Chang Uk , Lim Hyun Kook
Published: August 2024

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) encompasses a spectrum that may progress from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to full dementia, characterized by amyloid-beta and tau accumulation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is being investigated as a therapeutic option, but its efficacy in relation to individual genetic and biological risk factors remains underexplored.

Objective

To evaluate the effects of a two-week anodal tDCS regimen on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, focusing on functional connectivity changes in neural networks in MCI patients resulting from various possible underlying disorders, considering individual factors associated to AD such as amyloid-beta deposition, APOE ϵ4 allele, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, and sex.

Methods

In a single-arm prospective study, 63 patients with MCI, including both amyloid-PET positive and negative cases, received 10 sessions of tDCS. We assessed intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) using fMRI and analyzed interactions between tDCS effects and individual factors associated to AD.

Results

tDCS significantly enhanced intra-network FC within the Salience Network (SN) and inter-network FC between the Central Executive Network and SN, predominantly in APOE ϵ4 carriers. We also observed significant sex*tDCS interactions that benefited inter-network FC among females. Furthermore, the effects of multiple modifiers, particularly the interaction of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and sex, were evident, as demonstrated by increased intra-network FC of the SN in female Met non-carriers. Lastly, the effects of tDCS on FC did not differ between the group of 26 MCI patients with cerebral amyloid-beta deposition detected by flutemetamol PET and the group of 37 MCI patients without cerebral amyloid-beta deposition.

Conclusions

The study highlights the importance of precision medicine in tDCS applications for MCI, suggesting that individual genetic and biological profiles significantly influence therapeutic outcomes. Tailoring interventions based on these profiles may optimize treatment efficacy in early stages of AD.
The efficacy and safety of continuous theta burst stimulation for auditory hallucinations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ye Shi-Yi , Chen Chun-Nuan , Wei Bo , Zhan Jin-Qiong , Li Yi-Heng , Zhang Chen , Huang Jing-Jing , Yang Yuan-Jian
Published: August 2024

Objective

Auditory hallucinations are the most frequently occurring psychotic symptom in schizophrenia. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) has been used as an adjuvant treatment for auditory hallucinations. This meta-analysis focused on randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy of adjuvant cTBS on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive search of four international databases from their inception to January 14, 2024, to identify relevant RCTs that assessed the effects of adjuvant cTBS on auditory hallucinations. The key words included “auditory hallucinations”, “continuous theta burst stimulation” and “transcranial magnetic stimulation”. Inclusion criteria included patients with auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB1) were used to evaluate the risk of bias and the Review Manager Software Version 5.4 was employed to pool the data.

Results

A total of 4 RCTs involving 151 patients with auditory hallucinations were included in the analysis. The Cochrane risk of bias of these studies presented “low risk” in all items. Preliminary analysis showed no significant advantage of adjuvant cTBS over sham stimulation in reducing hallucinations [4 RCTs, n = 151; SMD: -0.45 (95%CI: -1.01, 0.12), P = 0.13; I2 = 61%]. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients treated with adjuvant cTBS for more than 10 stimulation sessions and total number of pulses more than 6000 [3 RCTs, n = 87; SMD: -4.43 (95%CI: -8.22, -0.63), P = 0.02; I2 = 47%] had a statistically significant improvement in hallucination symptoms. Moreover, the rates of adverse events and discontinuation did not show any significant difference between the cTBS and sham group.

Conclusions

Although preliminary analysis did not revealed a significant advantage of adjuvant cTBS over sham stimulation, subgroup analysis showed that specific parameters of cTBS appear to be effective in the treatment of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Further large-scale studies are needed to determine the standard protocol of cTBS for treating auditory hallucinations.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024534045.
National centralized drug procurement and health care expenditure of households—micro-evidence from CFPS
Authors: Li Xin , Tao Ran , Jin Yuning , Li Na
Published: August 2024

Objective

This paper utilizes data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to evaluate the impact of the “4 + 7” National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) on Per Capita Household Health Care Expenditure (PCHHCE).

Methods

The study applies the Differences-in-Differences (DID) methodology to analyze the effects of NCDP. Various robustness tests were conducted, including the Permutation test, Propensity Score Matching, alterations in regression methodologies, and consideration of individual fixed effects.

Results

Research indicates that the implementation of NCDP led to a reduction of 10.6% in PCHHCE. The results remained consistent across all robustness tests. Additionally, the research identifies diversity in NCDP effects among various household characteristics, with a more significant impact on households residing in rural regions of China, enrolled in Basic Medical Insurance for urban and rural residents and urban workers, and having an income bracket of 25–75%.

Conclusion

These findings carry policy implications for the future expansion and advancement of NCDP in China. The study highlights the effectiveness of NCDP in reducing healthcare expenditures and suggests potential areas for policy improvement and further research.
MoveONParkinson: developing a personalized motivational solution for Parkinson’s disease management
Authors: Alves Beatriz , Mota Pedro R. , Sineiro Daniela , Carmo Ricardo , Santos Pedro , Macedo Patrícia , Carreira João Casaca , Madeira Rui Neves , Dias Sofia Balula , Pereira Carla Mendes
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Despite the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions on symptom management and disease progression, many people with Parkinson’s Disease (PwPD) do not exercise regularly. In line with the ubiquitous use of digital health technology, the MoveONParkinson digital solution was developed, comprising a Web Platform and a Mobile App with a Conversational Agent (CA). The interface features were designed based on the principles of Social Cognitive Theory with the goal of fostering behavior change in PwPD for sustained exercise participation and improved disease management.

Methods

Using a mixed methods approach, this study aimed to collect feedback, assess the acceptability of the Mobile App and the Web Platform, and evaluate the usability of the latter. Quantitative data, which included questionnaire responses and the System Usability Scale (SUS) scores, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, heatmaps, and correlation matrices. Qualitative data, comprising semi-structured and thinking-aloud interview transcripts, were subjected to an inductive thematic analysis. A total of 28 participants were involved in the study, comprising 20 physiotherapists (average age: 34.50 ± 10.4), and eight PwPD (average age: 65.75 ± 8.63; mean Hoehn & Yahr: 2.0 (± 0.76)).

Results

Three main themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the interviews, namely: Self-management (Theme 1), User Engagement (Theme 2), and Recommendations (Theme 3). The assessment of the Mobile App and the CA (mean score: 4.42/5.0 ± 0.79) suggests that PwPD were able to navigate this interface without notable difficulties. The mean SUS score of 79.50 (± 12.40%) with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 73.70 to 85.30, reveal good usability.

Discussion

These findings indicate a high level of acceptability of the MoveONParkinson digital solution, serving as a foundation for assessing its impact on exercise engagement and, subsequently, its influence on symptom management and quality of life of PwPD.
The high energy X-ray probe (HEX-P): the most powerful jets through the lens of a superb X-ray eye
Authors: Marcotulli Lea , Ajello Marco , Böttcher Markus , Coppi Paolo , Costamante Luigi , Di Gesu Laura , Errando Manel , García Javier A. , Gokus Andrea , Liodakis Ioannis , Madejski Greg , Madsen Kristin , Moretti Alberto , Middei Riccardo , McBride Felicia , Petropoulou Maria , Rani Bindu , Sbarrato Tullia , Stern Daniel , Vasilopoulos Georgios , Zacharias Michael , Zhang Haocheng ,   the HEX-P Collaboration
Published: August 2024

A fraction of the active supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies in our Universe are capable of launching extreme kiloparsec-long relativistic jets. These jets are known multiband (radio to γ-ray) and multimessenger (neutrino) emitters, and some of them have been monitored over decades at all accessible wavelengths. However, several open questions remain unanswered about the processes powering these highly energetic phenomena. These jets intrinsically produce soft-to-hard X-ray emission that extends from E>0.1keV up to E>100keV, and simultaneous broadband X-ray coverage, combined with excellent timing and imaging capabilities, is required to uncover the physics of jets. Indeed, truly simultaneous soft-to-hard X-ray coverage, in synergy with current and upcoming high-energy facilities (such as IXPE, COSI, CTAO, etc.) and neutrino detectors (e.g., IceCube), would enable us to disentangle the particle population responsible for the high-energy radiation from these jets. A sensitive hard X-ray survey (F20−80keV<10−15ergcm−2s−1) could unveil the bulk of their population in the early Universe. Acceleration and radiative processes responsible for the majority of their X-ray emission would be pinned down by microsecond timing capabilities at both soft and hard X-rays. Furthermore, imaging jet structures for the first time in the hard X-ray regime could unravel the origin of their high-energy emission. The proposed Probe-class mission concept High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P) combines all these required capabilities, making it the crucial next-generation X-ray telescope in the multi-messenger, time-domain era. HEX-P will be the ideal mission to unravel the science behind the most powerful accelerators in the Universe.
Maximizing farm resilience: the effect of climate smart agricultural adoption practices on food performance amid adverse weather events
Authors: Tunio Raza Ali , Li Dongmei , Khan Nawab
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Global climate change (CC) significantly impacts sustainable food systems and the agricultural sector, primarily through increasing adverse weather events. This study aims to explore the adaptation strategies farmers use to address these challenges and evaluate the effectiveness of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices on food performance.

Methods

We collected data from 720 crop farmers located in three provinces of Pakistan using a random sampling method. To address potential biases, this study employed the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model. This model effectively addresses endogeneity and selection bias by considering both observable and unobservable characteristics.

Results

Study findings indicate that CSA practices substantially enhance net farm returns, reduce volatility, and mitigate downside risks. The analysis also highlights key features affecting the acceptance of CSA practices, including higher education, age, climate information, and availability of agricultural extension services.

Discussion

These insights are essential for policymakers, offering a framework for informed decision-making to tackle CC’s effects on food production, improve living standards, and enhance global food security.
Flow cytometric-based detection of CD80 is a useful diagnostic marker of acute myeloid leukemia in dogs
Authors: Stokol Tracy , Thomas Sophie Isabella , Hoffman Martha , Zhao Shay
Published: August 2024

Introduction

CD80, a co-stimulatory molecule required for optimal T cell activation, is expressed on antigen-presenting cells, including monocytes and dendritic cells, in dogs and humans. We hypothesized that CD80 would be expressed on tumor cells in dogs from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but not dogs with lymphoid neoplasms.

Methods and results

We first evaluated the cellular staining pattern of a hamster anti-murine CD80 antibody (clone 16-10A1, ThermoFisher Scientific Cat# 17–0801-82, RRID: AB_469417) in blood and bone marrow aspirates from healthy dogs. Using flow cytometric analysis and examination of modified Wright’s-stained cytologic smears of unsorted and flow cytometric or immunomagnetic bead-sorted leukocytes, we show that the antibody binds to mature and immature neutrophils and monocytes, but not lymphocytes or eosinophils, in blood and bone marrow. We then added the antibody to routine flow cytometric panels for immunophenotyping hematopoietic neoplasms in dogs. We found that the antibody labeled tumor cells in 72% of 39 dogs with AML and 36% of 11 dogs with acute leukemia expressing lymphoid and myeloid markers (“mixed lineage”) but none of the dogs with B (n = 37) or T (n = 35) lymphoid neoplasms. A higher proportion of tumor cells in dogs with AML were labeled with the anti-CD80 antibody vs antibodies against other myeloid-associated antigens, including CD4 (36%, p = 0.003), CD11b (44%), CD11c (46%), CD14 (38%, p = 0.006) and CD18 (59%, clone YFC118). In contrast, antibodies against CD11b and CD11c bound to tumor cells in 8–32% of the lymphoid neoplasms.

Discussion

We show that CD80, as detected by antibody clone 16-10A1, is a sensitive and specific marker for AML and would be useful to include in flow cytometric immunophenotyping panels in dogs.
The Historical Building and Room Acoustics of the Stockholm Public Library (1925–28, 1931–32)
Authors: Fleming Patrick H.
Published: August 2024

The Stockholm Public Library was realized in two distinct phases of construction in the 1920s and early 1930s, and remains a well-known work in twentieth-century architecture, with a heritage status today. While previous studies have focused on the library’s architectural design, particularly its lighting, acoustics were also an important aspect of the building’s design and construction. This study marks the first detailed investigation of the library’s architectural acoustics, with a suite of standard measurements performed to assess and characterize the library’s historical room and building acoustics. Reverberation time measurements in the library’s reading rooms yielded results of about 1.5–2 s for frequencies associated with speech. A significantly longer reverberation time of 5–6 s was measured in the library’s central rotunda, confirming a prominent acoustic issue in the library, where appropriate heritage discussions are needed in the future as the library undergoes a major renovation in the coming years. A comparison of the measured airborne and impact sound insulation of the 1920s and 1930s reading room ceilings also yielded interesting results. While the materials in library’s two construction periods are notably different, the airborne sound insulation performance of the 1920s and 1930s floors or ceilings was comparable and in line with contemporary standards. Impact sound insulation results from the 1920s and 1930s floors, however, differed significantly, with the latter displaying a relatively poor performance. Flanking transmission effects related to historical construction details and deviations from archival plans were investigated and discussed. This work emphasizes the practical and academic importance of conducting on-site measurements, and the close mutual development of modern architecture, construction, and architectural acoustics.
The Crop Phosphorus Uptake, Use Efficiency, and Budget under Long-Term Manure and Fertilizer Application in a Rice–Wheat Planting System
Authors: Liu Donghai , Xiao Zhuoxi , Zhang Zhi , Qiao Yan , Chen Yunfeng , Wu Haicheng , Hu Cheng
Published: August 2024

Little is known about the effect of the long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on P-use efficiency, P budget, and the residual effect of P fertilizer. To clarify the effect of different fertilization on soil P balance in a rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system is helpful to promote the sustainable development of agriculture. Thus, a thirty-five-year fertilizer experiment was conducted with eight treatments, including an unfertilized control (CK); chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers; and organic manure (M) either alone or in combination treatments (N, NP, NPK, M, MN, MNP, and MNPK). The results indicated that crop yields and P uptake were higher in the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer treatments than in the manure or chemical fertilizer alone treatments. Soil P budget indicated a 23.4–55.4 kg P ha−1 yr−1 surplus in the organic combined with or without mineral fertilizer treatments, but the soil P budget indicated a 20.0 and 21.9 kg P ha−1 yr−1 deficit in the control and N treatments. The proportion of residual fertilizer P converted to soil available P in NP, NPK, M, MN, MNP, and MNPK treatments was 4.5%, 4.8%, 19.1%, 19.0%, 11.5%, and 13.3%, respectively, over a 35-year period. Furthermore, according to the higher P content and crop uptake in organic manure treatment compared with chemical P fertilizer alone, an organic addition could effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and become an effective way of sustainable development in practice. Therefore, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer will be a practical method to increase crop yields and soil P status in a rice–wheat planting system.
On the Digestibility of Mulberry Leaf Fed to Bombyx mori Larvae
Authors: Doliș Marius Gheorghe , Pânzaru Claudia , Usturoi Marius Giorgi , Usturoi Alexandru , Radu-Rusu Cristina-Gabriela , Davidescu Mădălina Alexandra
Published: August 2024

Considering that sericulture is an important branch of animal husbandry, not only for the production of silk but also as a valuable source of protein, it is necessary to constantly study the possibilities for its improvement as a branch of this domain. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to assess the nutritional value and digestibility of mulberry leaves from the Kokuso 21 and Eforie varieties, as consumed by silkworms (Bombyx mori L., Bombicidae Family, Lepidoptera Order) during a summer study, in 2021. The Japanese variety (Kokuso 21) and the Romanian variety (Eforie) were used as food sources for the Triumf hybrid, developed in Romania; the larvae were divided in two batches of 300 larvae and each set was subdivided into six groups of 50 larvae, which were raised in paper trays based on their age and size. The research indicated that mulberry leaves have an average digestibility value of 54.46%; the aging process of the leaves altered their chemical composition, with most nutrients showing a decreasing trend in digestibility throughout the larval growth period, except for crude fiber, which remained unchanged in the early larval stages and increased to 26.78% towards the end of the experiment. Overall, the Kokuso 21 variety demonstrated superior nutrient digestibility compared to Eforie. An important finding from this study is the need for future research to determine the degree of nutrient metabolism and conversion into silk.
Assessing the Effect of Factor Misallocation on Grain Green Production Capacity: A Case Study of Prefecture-Level Cities in Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Zhou Sishu , Chen Hong
Published: August 2024

Improving the efficiency of factor allocation in food production is the foundation for accelerating the formation of new quality productivity and achieving an agricultural green transformation. However, there has been no scholarly focus on their mechanisms and the interactions involved. This exploration is an important reference for enhancing the green production capacity of major grain-producing areas. In this study, 13 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province, China’s largest grain production base, were selected as the research samples. A model for identifying factor misallocation and grain green total factor productivity (AGGTFP) was constructed to identify the spatiotemporal differences in factor misallocation and green total factor productivity. A fixed effects model was used to explore the impact of single-factor misallocation and the interaction of dual-factor misallocation with AGGTFP. The results show that from 2004 to 2022, the AGGTFP in 13 prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province has shown a slow growth trend. The inhibitory effects of single-factor misallocation of land, labor, and capital on green total factor productivity are sequentially enhanced. The interaction effects of capital misallocation and labor misallocation and labor misallocation and land misallocation strengthen the inhibitory effects of misallocation on the AGGTFP. Therefore, it is necessary to further promote the optimization of production factors and improve the green production capacity for grain.
Enhanced Agricultural Vehicle Positioning through Ultra-Wideband-Assisted Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Bayesian Integration Techniques
Authors: Xie Kaiting , Zhang Zhaoguo , Zhu Shiliang
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces a cooperative positioning algorithm for agricultural vehicles, which uses the relative distance of the workshop to improve the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), to improve the positioning accuracy and stability. Firstly, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) fuses the vehicle motion state data with GNSS observation data to improve the independent GNSS positioning accuracy. Subsequently, vehicle state and observation models are formulated using Bayesian theory, incorporating GNSS/UWB data with UWB tag network ranging and with GNSS positioning data among agricultural vehicles and Inter-Vehicular Ranges (IVRs). This integration addresses the significant drift issue in GNSS elevation positioning by employing a high-dimensional decoupling algorithm, standardizing the discrete elevation data, and improving the data’s continuity and predictability. A particle filter is used to refine the vehicle’s position estimation further. Finally, experiments are carried out to verify the robustness of the proposed algorithm under different working conditions.
Experimental Research on Breakage Characteristics of Feed Pellets under Different Loading Methods
Authors: Kong Xianrui , Cao Qing , Niu Zhiyou
Published: August 2024

Particle breakage is a common phenomenon during the processes of production, storage, and transportation. Because of the requirements for pellet integrity in poultry farming, research on the breakage characteristics of feed pellets is necessary. In this paper, repeated compression tests under different loading forces and repeated impact tests under different air pressures were carried out with feed pellets as the research object. The breakage behaviors were described, and the particle size distribution of feed pellets was analyzed quantitatively. The results revealed a positive correlation between crack density in feed particle beds and loading force. The compression process was divided into three stages based on force–displacement curves. The size of the feed pellets during repeated impacts decreased continuously and was negatively correlated with air pressure. The Weibull function accurately described the particle size distribution, with R2 values exceeding 0.97 and 0.96. The Weibull parameters showed a steady breakage degree in compression tests and a growing breakage degree in impact tests. The variation in energy and pulverization rate under different loading conditions was examined as the number of loading cycles increased. The relationship between energy and pulverization rates was fitted, showing that both parameters increased with loading cycles in different loading methods. The model of Vogel and Peukert could describe the relationship between energy and pulverization rate well, with R2 values exceeding 0.94. The minimum energy required for pellet breakage was higher in compression than in impact due to the compaction of the feed particle bed during repeated compression. The results can provide basic theory and data support for breakage characteristics and quality evaluation of feed pellets.
H-QNN: A Hybrid Quantum–Classical Neural Network for Improved Binary Image Classification
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad Asfand , Munir Arslan , Ullah Hayat
Published: August 2024

Image classification is an important application for deep learning. With the advent of quantum technology, quantum neural networks (QNNs) have become the focus of research. Traditional deep learning-based image classification involves using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from the image and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network to create the decision boundaries. However, quantum circuits with parameters can extract rich features from images and also create complex decision boundaries. This paper proposes a hybrid QNN (H-QNN) model designed for binary image classification that capitalizes on the strengths of quantum computing and classical neural networks. Our H-QNN model uses a compact, two-qubit quantum circuit integrated with a classical convolutional architecture, making it highly efficient for computation on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices that are currently leading the way in practical quantum computing applications. Our H-QNN model significantly enhances classification accuracy, achieving a 90.1% accuracy rate on binary image datasets. In addition, we have extensively evaluated baseline CNN and our proposed H-QNN models for image retrieval tasks. The obtained quantitative results exhibit the generalization of our H-QNN for downstream image retrieval tasks. Furthermore, our model addresses the issue of overfitting for small datasets, making it a valuable tool for practical applications.
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Biological Effects and Safety of a Polyphenol Supplement on Healthy Ageing
Authors: Chong Joyce Ruifen , de Lucia Chiara , Tovar-Rios Diego Alejandro , Castellanos-Perilla Nicolas , Collins Christopher , Kvernberg Silje Meihack , Ballard Clive , Siow Richard C. , Aarsland Dag
Published: August 2024

DailyColors™ is a supplement made up of several phytonutrients that aims to replicate elements from the Mediterranean diet. These include fruit, berry and vegetable extracts that are rich in key phytochemicals such as Quercetin, Catechins, Phloretin, Ellagic Acid, and Anthocyanins. Here, we determined the effects of DailyColors™ on the blood biomarkers associated with the diverse mechanisms implicated in ageing and age-related diseases, including mitochondrial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as on saliva’s DNA methylation pattern. Thirty adult participants (mean (SD) age = 67.0 (7.5) years) with a body mass index over 25 were recruited into this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial (two one-week treatment periods, separated by a one-week washout period). During the placebo period, we observed a significant increase in blood CD38 concentrations from the baseline to 24 h (p-value = 0.019). This was not observed in the active period. Increased CD38 is reportedly associated with subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Next, there was a decreasing trend of plasma 4-HNE levels, an oxidative stress biomarker, after a one-week intake of DailyColors™. Furthermore, following a one-month open-label follow-up in 26 participants, we observed hypermethylation of the candidate CpG site cg13108341 (q-value = 0.021), which was against the observed trend for this site during ageing. Taken together, while minimal effects were observed in this study, DailyColors™ supplementation may be beneficial by altering and alleviating age-related changes. Longer and larger scale trials of DailyColors™ supplementation are warranted.
Antioxidant Functions of Vitamin D and CYP11A1-Derived Vitamin D, Tachysterol, and Lumisterol Metabolites: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions
Authors: Vázquez-Lorente Héctor , Herrera-Quintana Lourdes , Jiménez-Sánchez Laura , Fernández-Perea Beatriz , Plaza-Diaz Julio
Published: August 2024

Evidence is increasing that vitamin D and CYP11A1-derived vitamin D, tachysterol, and lumisterol metabolites play a significant antioxidant role beyond its classical functions in bone health and calcium metabolism. Several recent studies have linked these elements to reduced oxidative stress as well as improved immune, cardiovascular, and neurological functions as a result of chronic kidney disease and cancer. Additionally, supplementation with this vitamin has been shown to be one of the most cost-effective micronutrient interventions worldwide, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic approach. The underlying mechanisms and implications of this antioxidant function of vitamin D or CYP11A1-derived vitamin D, tachysterol, and lumisterol metabolites are not well understood. This comprehensive and narrative review is aimed at summarizing the current evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms implicated in this antioxidant function of vitamin D, as well as to provide a general overview and to identify key research areas for the future, offering an extensive perspective that can guide both researchers and clinicians in the management of diseases associated with oxidative stress and/or insufficient vitamin D status.
Dermal Injection of Recombinant Filaggrin-2 Ameliorates UVB-Induced Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction and Photoaging
Authors: Li Lu , Liu Yuan , Chang Ruxue , Ye Tao , Li Ziyi , Huang Rufei , Wang Zhaoyang , Deng Jingxian , Xia Huan , Yang Yan , Huang Yadong
Published: August 2024

The epidermal barrier is vital for protecting the skin from environmental stressors and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Filaggrin-2 (FLG2), a critical protein in the stratum corneum, plays a significant role in maintaining skin barrier homeostasis. However, the precise role of FLG2 in mitigating the adverse effects of UV-induced barrier disruption and photoaging remains poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that UVB exposure resulted in a decreased expression of FLG2 in HaCaT keratinocytes, which correlated with a compromised barrier function. The administration of recombinant filaggrin-2 (rFLG2) enhanced keratinocyte differentiation, bolstered barrier integrity, and offered protection against apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by UVB irradiation. Furthermore, in a UV-induced photodamage murine model, the dermal injection of rFLG2 facilitated the enhanced restoration of the epidermal barrier, decreased oxidative stress and inflammation, and mitigated the collagen degradation that is typical of photoaging. Collectively, our findings suggested that targeting FLG2 could be a strategic approach to prevent and treat skin barrier dysfunction and combat the aging effects associated with photoaging. rFLG2 emerges as a potentially viable therapy for maintaining skin health and preventing skin aging processes amplified by photodamage.
Photobiomodulation Mitigates PM2.5-Exacerbated Pathologies in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma
Authors: Park Jisu , Kim Bo-Young , Park Eun Jung , Shin Yong-Il , Ryu Ji Hyeon
Published: August 2024

Exposure to particulate matter (PM), especially PM2.5, is known to exacerbate asthma, posing a significant public health risk. This study investigated the asthma-reducing effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) in a mice model mimicking allergic airway inflammation exacerbated by PM2.5 exposure. The mice received sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) and were subsequently treated with PM2.5 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg every 3 days, for 9 times over 3 weeks during the challenge. PBM, using a 610 nm wavelength LED, was applied at 1.7 mW/cm2 to the respiratory tract via direct skin contact for 20 min daily for 19 days. Results showed that PBM significantly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-specific IgE, airway inflammation, T-helper type 2 cytokine, histamine and tryptase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and goblet cell hyperplasia in PM2.5-exposed asthmatic mice. Moreover, PBM alleviated subepithelial fibrosis by reducing collagen deposition, airway smooth muscle mass, and expression of fibrosis-related genes. It mitigated reactive oxygen species generation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptotic cell death, ferroptosis, and modulated autophagic signals in the asthmatic mice exposed to PM2.5. These findings suggest that PBM could be a promising intervention for PM2.5-induced respiratory complications in patients with allergic asthma.
Correction: Feng et al. Photobiomodulation Inhibits Ischemia-Induced Brain Endothelial Senescence via Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 633
Authors: Feng Yu , Huang Zhihai , Ma Xiaohui , Zong Xuemei , Tesic Vesna , Ding Baojin , Wu Celeste Yin-Chieh , Lee Reggie Hui-Chao , Zhang Quanguang
Published: August 2024

In the original publication [...]