bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARAMETERS ON THE BOUNDARY IN PREDICTIVE REGRESSION
Authors: Cavaliere Giuseppe , Georgiev Iliyan , Zanelli Edoardo
Published: February 2025

We consider bootstrap inference in predictive (or Granger-causality) regressions when the parameter of interest may lie on the boundary of the parameter space, here defined by means of a smooth inequality constraint. For instance, this situation occurs when the definition of the parameter space allows for the cases of either no predictability or sign-restricted predictability. We show that in this context constrained estimation gives rise to bootstrap statistics whose limit distribution is, in general, random, and thus distinct from the limit null distribution of the original statistics of interest. This is due to both (i) the possible location of the true parameter vector on the boundary of the parameter space and (ii) the possible non-stationarity of the posited predicting (resp. Granger-causing) variable. We discuss a modification of the standard fixed-regressor wild bootstrap scheme where the bootstrap parameter space is shifted by a data-dependent function in order to eliminate the portion of limiting bootstrap randomness attributable to the boundary and prove validity of the associated bootstrap inference under non-stationarity of the predicting variable as the only remaining source of limiting bootstrap randomness. Our approach, which is initially presented in a simple location model, has bearing on inference in parameter-on-the-boundary situations beyond the predictive regression problem.
‘Out-of-time’ Objects: Commemorating and Forgetting Traditions through Bronze Age Metalwork in Southern Britain
Authors: Knight Matthew G.
Published: February 2025

Earlier objects are frequently identified in later contexts, though rarely form the focus of discussion. This paper presents 34 sites where earlier Bronze Age metalwork has been found in later Bronze Age contexts in southern Britain, including hoards and non-hoard contexts. These ‘out-of-time’ objects follow complex trajectories and can inform us about the potential ways past societies conceived their own pasts, especially when contextualized in broader integrated landscapes. Out-of-time objects might be deposited singly or within hoards to reinforce community boundaries and legitimize links with past communities. The form, wear and treatment of these objects pre-deposition (e.g. curation and/or deformation) as well as the places in which they were buried represent indicators of prehistoric processes of commemoration and/or forgetting.
Mechanisms of Solute Transport in Ice‐Supersaturated Debris: 2. Rock Glacier Hydrology in Alpine Glacial‐Periglacial Systems
Authors: Seelig Simon , Seelig Magdalena , Krainer Karl , Winkler Gerfried
Published: February 2025

Active rock glaciers represent permafrost‐affected aquifers that store freshwater in alpine headwater catchments. Groundwater flow in these aquifers is altered by degrading permafrost and the development of preferential flow paths in the subsurface. Where these pathways connect to form channel networks, they significantly change solute and pollutant transport. This study analyzes the hydraulic properties of such channel networks at two active rock glaciers in the Austrian Alps through tracer tests and inverse transport modeling. At both rock glaciers, tracer clouds traveling down the channel network show fast advection and limited dispersion. Parts of the tracer are retarded in stagnant water zones along the flow paths, such as turbulent eddies and vortices, recirculation in cascades and pools, and dead‐end passages between the blocks of the ice‐debris mixture forming the frozen rock glacier cores. The patterns of water infiltration control the channel network structure: localized recharge strongly concentrates flow along a major channel, diffuse recharge results in a distributed network of smaller channels with diverging and converging flow paths. The hydraulic properties of these channel networks are crucial for assessing the vulnerability of permafrost‐affected aquifers. They permit the rapid transfer and partial retardation of solutes, making them more susceptible to contamination—a growing concern as infrastructure development advances in high alpine environments.
Exploring the principles behind antibiotics with limited resistance
Authors: Maharramov Elvin , Czikkely Márton Simon , Szili Petra , Farkas Zoltán , Grézal Gábor , Daruka Lejla , Kurkó Eszter , Mészáros Léna , Daraba Andreea , Kovács Terézia , Bognár Bence , Juhász Szilvia , Papp Balázs , Lázár Viktória , Pál Csaba
Published: February 2025

Antibiotics that target multiple cellular functions are anticipated to be less prone to bacterial resistance. Here we hypothesize that while dual targeting is crucial, it is not sufficient in preventing resistance. Only those antibiotics that simultaneously target membrane integrity and block another cellular pathway display reduced resistance development. To test the hypothesis, we focus on three antibiotic candidates, POL7306, Tridecaptin M152-P3 and SCH79797, all of which fulfill the above criteria. Here we show that resistance evolution against these antibiotics is limited in ESKAPE pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while dual-target topoisomerase antibiotics are prone to resistance. We discover several mechanisms restricting resistance. First, de novo mutations result in only a limited elevation in resistance, including those affecting the molecular targets and efflux pumps. Second, resistance is inaccessible through gene amplification. Third, functional metagenomics reveal that mobile resistance genes are rare in human gut, soil and clinical microbiomes. Finally, we detect rapid eradication of bacterial populations upon toxic exposure to membrane targeting antibiotics. We conclude that resistance mechanisms commonly found in natural bacterial pathogens provide only limited protection to these antibiotics. Our work provides guidelines for the future development of antibiotics.
Sub-femtomolar drug monitoring via co-calibration mechanism with nanoconfined DNA probes
Authors: Chen Yonghuan , Li Xiuying , Yue Xinru , Yu Weihua , Shi Yuesen , He Zilong , Wang Yuanfeng , Huang Yu , Xia Fan , Li Fengyu
Published: February 2025

Synthetic drugs fundamentally reshape the illicit drug market due to their low cost, ease of production, and rapid manufacturing processes. However, current drug detection methods, which rely on complex instruments, have limited applicability and often neglect the influence of pH fluctuations, leading to potential bias and unreliable results. Herein, we propose co-calibration DNA probes on a nanoconfined biosensor (NCBS), covering the range of sweat pH 3–8 to achieve significantly enhanced target signal recognition. The NCBS exhibits a linear response range of 103-108 fM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.58 fM in artificial sweat. Compared to the single-aptamer NCBS, the dual-aptamer NCBS offers a broader linear response range, primarily due to the synergistic effects of changes in surface wettability and the capture of hydrion, which together reduce signal interference in proton transport. The linear response range doubles, and its detection sensitivity improves by 4–5 orders of magnitude compared to existing drug detection methods. This sensing strategy expands the application scope of aptamer-based composite probes, offering an approach for ultra-sensitive drug detection and demonstrating significant potential in sweat sensing and drug monitoring fields.
Intermediate-range solvent templating and counterion behaviour at charged carbon nanotube surfaces
Authors: Di Mino Camilla , Headen Thomas F. , Basma Nadir S. , Buckley David J. , Cullen Patrick L. , Wilding Martin C. , Shaffer Milo S. P. , Skipper Neal T. , Clancy Adam J. , Howard Christopher A.
Published: February 2025

The ordering of ions and solvent molecules around nanostructures is of profound fundamental importance, from understanding biological processes to the manipulation of nanomaterials to optimizing electrochemical devices. Classical models commonly used to describe these systems treat the solvent simplistically, an approach that endures, in part, due to the extreme difficulty of attaining experimental measurements that challenge this approximation. Here we perform total neutron scattering experiments on model systems—concentrated amide solutions of negatively charged carbon nanotubes and sodium counterions—and measure remarkably complex intermediate-range molecular solvent ordering. The charged surface orders the solvents up to ∼40 Å, even beyond its dense concentric solvation shells. Notably, the molecular orientation of solvent in direct contact with the nanotube surface itself is distinct, lying near-parallel and not interacting with desolvated sodium counterions. In contrast, beyond this layer the ordering of solvent is perpendicular to the surface. Our results underscore the critical importance of multibody interactions in solvated nanoscale systems and charged surfaces, highlighting competing ion/surface solvation effects.
Perinatal obesity primes the hepatic metabolic stress response in the offspring across life span
Authors: Stegmann Sarah K , Vohlen Christina , Im Nam Gyu , Niehues Jana , Selle Jaco , Janoschek Ruth , Kuiper-Makris Celien , Lang Sonja , Demir Münevver , Steffen Hans-Michael , Quaas Alexander , Lackmann Jan-Wilm , Nierhoff Dirk , Neumann-Haefelin Christoph , Dötsch Jörg , Alejandre Alcazar Miguel A , Kasper Philipp
Published: February 2025

Perinatal obesity is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases and hepatic dysfunction in offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms of this metabolic programming remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of maternal obesity and early life exposure to high-fat diet on offspring liver phenotype, hepatokine profile, and key components of hepatic metabolism. To this end, we employed a murine high-fat diet-induced perinatal obesity model, investigating the offspring in early life and late adulthood. After exposure to perinatal obesity, the offspring showed a significantly increased body weight in early life with no histological signs of steatosis, but a dysregulated hepatokine profile. Proteomic profiling, followed by molecular analyses, revealed a decreased lipogenesis and increased fatty acid oxidation, suggesting a protective mechanism against the development of steatosis. These changes were accompanied by increased markers of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, indicating increased oxidative stress. Concomitantly, the antioxidative enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 were significantly reduced and oxidative phosphorylation was impaired, implying an altered oxidative stress response. While changes in oxidative stress level were only detected in early life, the lipid metabolism was altered across life span. This metabolic programming could determine the resilience and susceptibility to chronic liver disease later in life.
Optimizing spatial normalization of multisubject inner ear MRI: comparison of different geometry-preserving co-registration approaches
Authors: Gerb Johannes , Kirsch Valerie , Kierig Emilie , Brandt Thomas , Dieterich Marianne , Boegle Rainer
Published: February 2025

Spatial normalization of multisubject inner ear imaging data is challenging, due to both substantial intraindividual differences and the small size of the organ compared to other intracranial structures. Automatic whole brain co-registration to standard space can only roughly co-align the peripheral vestibular endorgan, and complemental manual registration is highly time-consuming. Here, we compared the accuracy of four geometry-maintaining co-registration methods (one semi-manual method and three automatic methods). High-resolution structural T2-MRI of 153 inner ears from patients and healthy participants were co-registered to an inner-ear atlas. The semi-manual method used a three-point landmark-based approach (3P), two automatic methods were based on unassisted standard algorithms (Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs), Elastix (EL)), while the fourth automatic method utilized a volumetrically dilated, atlas-based mask (thick inner ear, TIE) for probabilistic inner ear masking. Registration accuracy was evaluated by neurotologists blinded to the respective registration paradigm, and the resulting median volumes were quantified using colocalization analyses. The mask-aided automatic approach showed the best ratings, followed by the semi-manual three-point landmark-based registration (mean ratings (lower: better) TIE 2.21 ± 1.15; 3P 2.58 ± 0.61; EL 3.42 ± 1.06; ANTs 3.49 ± 1.26). The semi-manual method had the lowest rate of insufficient registrations, followed by TIE (3P: 3.70%; TIE: 8.28%; EL: 22.66%; ANTs: 27.02%). TIE showed the highest colocalization metrics with the atlas. Only TIE and 3P allowed for sufficient semicircular canal visualization in method-wise average volumes. Overall, geometry-preserving spatial normalization of multisubject inner ear imaging data is possible and could allow groupwise examinations of the bony labyrinth or temporal bone morphology in the future.
Different Ras isoforms regulate synaptic plasticity in opposite directions
Authors: López-Merino Esperanza , Fernández-Rodrigo Alba , Jiang Jessie G , Gutiérrez-Eisman Silvia , Fernández de Sevilla David , Fernández-Medarde Alberto , Santos Eugenio , Guerra Carmen , Barbacid Mariano , Esteban José A , Briz Víctor
Published: February 2025

The small GTPase Ras is an intracellular signaling hub required for long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus and for memory formation. Genetic alterations in Ras signaling (i.e., RASopathies) are linked to cognitive disorders in humans. However, it remains unclear how Ras controls synaptic plasticity, and whether different Ras isoforms play overlapping or distinct roles in neurons. Using genetically modified mice, we show here that H-Ras (the most abundant isoform in the brain) does not promote LTP, but instead long-term depression mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR-LTD). Mechanistically, H-Ras is activated locally in spines during mGluR-LTD via c-Src, and is required to trigger Erk activation and de novo protein synthesis. Furthermore, H-Ras deletion impairs object recognition as well as social and spatial memory. Conversely, K-Ras is the isoform specifically required for LTP. This functional specialization correlates with a differential synaptic distribution of the two isoforms H-Ras and K-Ras, which may have important implications for RASopathies and cognitive function.
Seasonal variations in groundwater chemistry, quality, and associated health risks from domestic wells and crucial constraints in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Sun Jia , Yi Hulong , Ye Tiancai , Zhao Yanping , Yang Yuzhong , Liu Zijun , Liang Changhang , Huang Jiawei , Chen Jingcheng , Xiao Tangfu , Cui Jin-Li
Published: February 2025

Groundwater quality is strongly compromised by polluted surface water recharge in rapidly developing urban regions. However, gaps still remain in the understanding of the critical contaminants controlling water quality and...
The reaction of glyoxylic acid with lysine chemically protected on the α- amine group studied using mass spectrometry
Authors: Wrobel Katarzyna , Corrales Escobosa Alma Rosa , Acevedo Aguilar Francisco Javier , Enciso Donis Israel , Wrobel Kazimierz
Published: February 2025

Glyoxylic acid (GA) is a human metabolite potentially involved in glycation processes and is considered a precursor of Nε-carboxymethyl lysine (CML). Different mechanisms of GA reaction with chemically protected at...
Temperature and electron concentration dependences of 1/f noise in Hg1−xCdxTe – evidence for a mobility fluctuations mechanism
Authors: Rehman Adil , Petriakov Volodymyr , Yahniuk Ivan , Kazakov Aleksandr , Rogalska Iwona , Grendysa Jakub , Marchewka Michał , Haras Maciej , Wojtowicz Tomasz , Cywiński Grzegorz , Knap Wojciech , Rumyantsev Sergey
Published: February 2025

Temperature and gate voltage dependences of the 1/f noise in Hg1−xCdxTe and HgTe QW provide a strong argument for mobility fluctuations (δμ) as the dominant noise mechanism.
Fabrication of pitch-derived hard carbon via bromination-assisted pyrolysis strategy for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Mengke , Zhang Zhe , Han Xinghua , Wu Jihao , Yang Juan
Published: February 2025

Pitch-derived hard carbon materials have been regarded as one of the most promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low cost and high carbon yields, but are largely...
Synthesis of pyrrole derivatives via ordered isocyanide insertion reaction driven by ring strain mediated by non-covalent bond interactions
Authors: Liu Shan-Shan , Zheng Jiang-Nan , Zhao Zhi-Wen , Zhang Yi , He Ping , Wu Yong-Jie , Feng Jiang-Tao , Wang Long , Ren Zhi-Lin
Published: February 2025

An efficient synthesis of pyrrole derivatives is achieved via ordered isocyanide insertion, driven by ring strain and mediated by non-covalent bonds. Notably, α,β-unsaturated ketone acts as both a directing group and substrate.
Valence Activity of SO-Coupled Atomic Core Shells in Solid Compounds of Heavy Elements
Authors: Wei Shiru-ru , Hu Han-Shi , Schwarz W. H. Eugen , Li Jun
Published: February 2025

An alert look reveals chemically relevant changes from light to heavy elements of the atomic orbital-energy patterns, relevant for both chemical theory and material applications. We have quantum-chemically investigated the...
Multifunctional broadband emitters based on rare earth phosphors for all-weather and efficient radiative cooling and energy saving
Authors: Hu Qinglong , Tan Ruiming , Zhong Pengjie , Han Keyu , Li Yinyan , Xue Peng , Bai Gongxun
Published: February 2025

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) presents an effective strategy for mitigating the global greenhouse effect.
Enhanced ultra-broadband electromagnetic wave absorption using liquid metal-coated carbonyl Fe/Ni microspheres with dual dielectric polarization
Authors: Chen Feng , Fu Qiang , Zhang Qin , Xie Kang
Published: February 2025

Advanced broadband electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers are crucial for reducing EM interference and radiation. However, achieving efficient attenuation across a wide range of frequencies remains challenging. A novel approach for...
Poly[(N-acryloyl glycine)-co-(acrylamide)] induced cell growth inhibition in heparanase driven malignancies
Authors: Wasnik Kirti , Singh Gurmeet , YADAV DESH DEEPAK  Deepak , Pareek Divya , Patra Sukanya , Kumar Sandeep , Alagu Oviya , Paik Pradip , Gupta Premshankar
Published: February 2025

In the present work, glycine, N-acryloylglycine monomer (NAG), and polymeric units of poly[(N-acryloylglycine)-co-(acrylamide)] p(NAG-co-Ac) are rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) and experimental evidences have been provided for their uses...
Aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE), pH sensing and selective detection of sulfuric acid of novel imidazole-based surrogates made via microwave-assisted synthesis
Authors: Baig Noorullah , Shetty Suchetha , Parikh Anuvasita , Sah Ajay K. , Alameddine Bassam
Published: February 2025

Novel imidazole derivatives were made exhibiting Aggregation Induced Enhanced Emission with strong luminescence (435–453 nm). The compounds also disclosed pH sensing properties, especially towards sulfuric acid at concentrations as of 16.5 μM.
The Evolution of Chinese Architecture in the 21st Century
Authors: Yao Tiantian
Published: February 2025

With the opening of five ports in 1843, there was a collision of Chinese and Western architecture in terms of design ideas, concepts and styles. However, Chinese architecture in the 20th century introduced a large number of Western architectural styles. While nothing stands still, not even architectural design. In the 21st century, Chinese architecture has gradually evolved into a design concept based on Chinese traditional culture, which dominates the evolution of architectural forms. At the same time, with the global sustainable development and green ecological concepts, the combination of traditional culture and architectural design has formed a unique Chinese architectural style, showing a diversified development. This article will mainly explore the expression and integration of traditional culture in early Chinese architecture, as well as the new concepts of contemporary Chinese architecture in the 21st century.
Comprehensive Performance Evaluation for Sustainable Development of Small Towns: A Case Study of Tianhuangping Town, Anji County
Authors: Li Chao , Yang Feng , Yan Maomao , Qu Ying
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, a large number of small towns have emerged. These small towns face problems such as limited resources, backward industries, and aging infrastructure. How to achieve the sustainable development of small towns is crucial for China to implement its sustainable development goals. Based on the status and existing research of small towns, this paper develops a performance evaluation index system encompassing five key dimensions, and employs the evaluation index system, along with the maturity assessment, to appraise the sustainable development of small towns. Applying this process to Tianhuangping Town, the results highlight key areas for improvement and provide targeted suggestions for sustainable growth. Our findings contribute to the understanding of sustainability metrics in small towns and offer practical recommendations for policymakers.
Transplantationsversorgung: Neues Organ – und was dann?
Authors: Hummel Christian , Kathagen-Buhmann Annegret , Meyer Michael , Ollrog Annika , Liebhardt Franziska , Marks Lara , Döblitz Ralf
Published: February 2025

Bei der Organtransplantation behindern Versorgungsengpässe entlang des gesamten Behandlungspfads eine optimale Betreuung. Mit gezielten Maßnahmen können die Lücken geschlossen werden.
Multifrequency-resolved Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect
Authors: Ferrantini Joseph , Crawford Jesse , Kulkov Sergei , Jirsa Jakub , Mueninghoff Aaron , Lawrence Lucas , Vintskevich Stephen , Milanese Tommaso , Burri Samuel , Bernasconi Ermanno , Bruschini Claudio , Marcisovsky Michal , Svihra Peter , Nomerotski Andrei , Stankus Paul , Charbon Edoardo , Abrahao Raphael A.
Published: February 2025

The Hanbury Brown–Twiss (HBT) effect holds a pivotal place in intensity interferometry and gave a seminal contribution to the development of quantum optics. To observe such an effect, both good spectral and timing resolutions are necessary. Most often, the HBT effect is observed for a single frequency at a time due to its limitations in dealing with multifrequencies simultaneously, halting and limiting some applications. Here, we report a fast and data-driven spectrometer built with a one-dimensional array of single-photon-sensitive avalanche diodes. We report observing the HBT effect for multiple frequencies at the same time. In particular, we observe the HBT effect for up to five lines of the Ne spectrum, but this can be improved upon to include more lines. Our work represents a major step in making spectral binning and multifrequency HBT more widely available. The technology we present can benefit both classical and quantum applications.
Impact of carbon emissions trading on green total factor productivity of China's power industry: A green technology innovation perspective
Authors: Xin-gang Zhao , Xi Xu , Shuran Hu , Haowei Chen
Published: February 2025

Improving green total factor productivity (GTFP) in the power industry is crucial for achieving China's clean and low-carbon transition and sustainable economic growth. Green technological innovation (GTI) is a key factor driving carbon emissions reduction and improving economic efficiency in the power industry. Therefore, this study utilizes data from 30 provinces in China covering the period 2005–2021 and employs a multiple period difference-in-difference (DID) model to investigate the impact of the carbon trading pilot policy (CTPP) on GTFP in the power industry from the perspective of GTI. The results indicate the following: First, CTPP significantly enhances GTFP in the pilot regions of the power industry. Second, GTI plays a positive mediating role in the relationship between CTPP and GTFP in the power industry, validating the existence of Porter effect in China's power industry carbon emission trading system. Third, there are heterogeneities in the policy effects across the pilot regions, with Beijing and Guangdong achieving outstanding results in improving GTFP compared to other carbon trading pilots. Finally, relevant policy recommendations are provided for carbon market development and improving GTFP in the power industry.
Decoding the effects of mutation on protein interactions using machine learning
Authors: Xu Wang , Li Anbang , Zhao Yunjie , Peng Yunhui
Published: February 2025

Accurately predicting mutation-caused binding free energy changes (ΔΔGs) on protein interactions is crucial for understanding how genetic variations affect interactions between proteins and other biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA/RNA, and ligands, which are vital for regulating numerous biological processes. Developing computational approaches with high accuracy and efficiency is critical for elucidating the mechanisms underlying various diseases, identifying potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, and developing targeted therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in predicting the impact of mutations on protein interactions across different interaction types, which are central to understanding biological processes and disease mechanisms, including cancer. We summarize recent progress in predictive approaches, including physicochemical-based, machine learning, and deep learning methods, evaluating the strengths and limitations of each. Additionally, we discuss the challenges related to the limitations of mutational data, including biases, data quality, and dataset size, and explore the difficulties in developing accurate prediction tools for mutation-induced effects on protein interactions. Finally, we discuss future directions for advancing these computational tools, highlighting the capabilities of advancing technologies, such as artificial intelligence to drive significant improvements in mutational effects prediction.
An experimental study of the existence regions and non-linear interactions of drift wave and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities in a linear magnetized plasma
Authors: Roy Rosh , Karmakar Tanmay , Lachhvani Lavkesh , Chattopadhyay Prabal , Sen Abhijit , Bose Sayak
Published: February 2025

Experimental observations of the intrinsic excitation and non-linear interactions of drift wave (DW) and Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instabilities in a linear magnetized plasma column are presented. The experiments are carried out in the inverse mirror plasma experimental device (IMPED)—a cylindrical, magnetized, linear plasma machine designed to study low-frequency waves and instabilities in plasma. A novel feature of IMPED is the ability to control plasma profiles, such as the density n(r), electron temperature Te(r), and plasma potential Vp(r) by varying the ratio Rm of the magnetic field in the main chamber to that in the source chamber. At high values of Rm, higher-density gradient scale length promotes the drift wave (DW) instability while lower Rm value results in a higher radial electric field, inducing a sheared poloidal flow that enhances the dominance of the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) mode. The background and fluctuating plasma parameters are characterized using various configurations of multiple in situ electric probes at different spatial locations to quantify the local gradients that excite the low-frequency primary instabilities. Statistical, spectral, and bispectral analysis of the density and potential signals help identify these modes in terms of wave number, frequency, phase, and amplitude and also delineate the nature of their non-linear interactions.
Shear-induced orientation distribution in fibrinogen adsorption
Authors: Wu Xiao , Chen Kuiliang , Zhang Xiwen , Wei Ronghan
Published: February 2025

The adsorption characteristics of fibrinogen on blood-contacting materials, as a critical factor in the coagulation process, have been extensively studied. However, while these materials are typically exposed to flow conditions, such as in artificial hearts, vessels, and valves, the adsorption of fibrinogen under shear flow remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we conduct experimental and simulation investigations into fibrinogen adsorption on surfaces under shear flow. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations on smooth surfaces, as well as nanorod-based Brownian dynamics simulations, indicate that shear flow has no effect on the orientation distribution of fibrinogen. In contrast, experimental results align with DPD simulations on rough surfaces, showing that fibrinogen under shear flow tends to orient either parallel or orthogonal to the direction of shear, which is attributed to the spin of fibrinogen.
Propagation and heat release characteristics of rotating detonation in a ramjet engine with a divergent combustor
Authors: Chen Yuting , Liu Shijie , Peng Haoyang , Zhong Shenghui , Zhang Hailong , Yuan Xueqiang , Fan Weijie , Liu Weidong
Published: February 2025

Three-dimensional numerical simulations with detailed chemistry were conducted on a rotating detonation ramjet engine (RDRE) fueled by ethylene. The study compared the basic structure, combustion characteristics, and performance of the rotating detonation wave (RDW) between isometric and divergent combustors with varying divergent angles. The results reveal that the RDW propagates with a slight inclination relative to the circumferential direction in the divergent combustor, whereas it propagates with a larger inclination in the isometric combustor. The resultant velocity perpendicular to the RDW in the divergent combustor exceeds that in the isometric combustor and remains consistent across different divergent angles. Furthermore, the inclination angle adapts to variations in incoming flow velocity. In the divergent combustor, the incoming flow accelerates, depressurizes, and exhibits a lower static temperature, significantly suppressing the parasitic combustion caused by backward pressure perturbations. Additionally, the divergent combustor minimizes non-ideal heat release in the recirculation zone near the ramp corner. Consequently, the proportion of ethylene consumption associated with high heat release rates in the divergent combustor is significantly higher than in the isometric combustor. The suppression of parasitic combustion also enhances RDW propagation stability in the divergent combustor. Notably, the total pressure loss in the divergent combustor is reduced by 7.25% at the outlet compared to the isometric combustor, attributed to the absence of a recirculation zone at the ramp corner. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of RDRE configurations.
Robustness and uniqueness of equilibrium states for certain partially hyperbolic systems*
Authors: Mongez Juan Carlos , Pacifico Maria José
Published: February 2025

We prove that if f is a

C

1
+

partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism satisfying certain conditions then there is a C
1-open neighborhood

A

of f so that every

g
∈

A

∩

Diff

1
+

⁡
(
M
)

has a unique equilibrium state.
A Finite Element Analysis Model for Magnetomotive Ultrasound Elastometry Magnet Design with Experimental Validation
Authors: Nyakunu Jacquelline , Piatnichouk Christopher T. , Russell Henry Chase , van Duijnhoven Niels Jacob , Levy Benjamin E
Published: February 2025

Objective. Magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) using magnetic nanoparticle contrast agents has shown promise for thrombosis imaging and quantitative elastometry via magnetomotive resonant acoustic spectroscopy (MRAS). Young’s modulus measurements of smaller, stiffer thrombi require an MRAS system capable of generating forces at higher temporal frequencies. Solenoids with fewer turns, and thus less inductance, could improve high frequency performance, but the reduced force may compromise results. In this work, a computational model capable of assessing the effectiveness of MRAS elastometry magnet configurations is presented and validated.Approach. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model the force and inductance of MRAS systems. The simulations incorporated both solenoid electromagnets and permanent magnets in three-dimensional steady-state, frequency domain, and time domain studies.Main results. The model successfully predicted that a configuration in which permanent magnets were added to an existing MRAS system could be used to increase the force supplied. Accordingly, the displacement measured in a magnetically labeled validation phantom increased by a factor of 2.2 ± 0.3 when the force was predicted to increase by a factor of 2.2 ± 0.2. The model additionally identified a new solenoid configuration consisting of four smaller coils capable of providing sufficient force at higher driving frequencies.Significance. These results indicate two methods by which MRAS systems could be designed to deliver higher frequency magnetic forces without the need for experimental trial and error. Either the number of turns within each solenoid could be reduced while permanent magnets are added at precise locations, or a larger number of smaller solenoids could be used. These findings overcome a key challenge toward the goal of MMUS thrombosis elastometry, and simulation files are provided online for broader experimentation.
Observing decreasing snow cover and increasing surface temperature across the Andes with remotely sensed and reanalysis data
Authors: Kim Kyung Y , Rajaram Harihar , Lakshmi Venkataraman
Published: February 2025

Mountain environments are at risk of water insecurity and ecosystemic disruption due to elevation dependent warming (EDW) and its impact on the cryosphere. Although past studies have investigated temperature and snow cover trends independently across the Andes, none have established their inter-relationship based on both remotely sensed and reanalysis datasets. This study leverages the available temperature and snow cover records from ERA5-Land (1950–2023) and a suite of remotely sensed data (primarily MODIS) from the past two decades (2003–2023) to highlight warming hotspots across the Cordillera and spatiotemporal relationships between temperature (air and surface) and snow cover by elevation band. Particular attention is given to the extratropical Southern Andes (25°S–38°S), whose snow-dominated mountain hydrology is uniquely vulnerable—confirmed by in-situ discharge gauges for sampled catchments in its eastern slopes. Results reveal the strong dependence of discharge on snow cover in the summertime, but more variability with respect to its relationship to year-round temperatures. Snow cover area appears to be especially sensitive to temperatures in the wintertime at higher elevations (3–5 km); however, the most significant trends in concurrent snow cover decrease and temperature increase emerge for the austral fall and spring (May and September – November). Trends with greater magnitudes for the modern period (2003–2022/3) compared to the historical climatology (1950–2000) demand greater attention with significant implications for future water management across the Andes.
Surface morphology, electronic defects and passivation strategies at the p-n junction of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells
Authors: Elizabeth Amala , May Andreas , Volkamer Finnegan , Giesl Florian , Elanzeery Hossam , Dalibor Thomas , Abou-Ras Daniel , Mönig Harry
Published: February 2025

Based on the high power conversion efficiencies and compatibility toward large-area deposition techniques, Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) phototvoltaic absorbers are currently at the forefront of chalcopyrite thin-film solar cell technology. The performance of these solar cells is critically dependent on the properties of the interface between the p-type chalcopyrite absorber and the n-type buffer and window layers. Due to the complex defect physics of the chalcopyrites in general, the defect-electronic properties of the absorber surface is of particular concern. In this regard, the CIGSSe surfaces are considerably less understood compared with their S-free counterparts (e.g. Cu(In,Ga)Se2). In the present work, by applying high-resolution scanning probe techniques such as atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), combined with electron backscatter diffraction, the morphology, the crystallographic orientation, and the defect electronic properties of CIGSSe thin-film surfaces were investigated. Our work highlights distinct differences as well as similarities between S-containing and S-free chalcopyrite thin films. Three types of features were found on the CIGSSe surface, which were found to be exclusively made of polar facets. This is different from S-free absorbers that are known to facet in both, polar and non-polar planes with distinct electronic properties. Defect density mapping using STS revealed a highly defective surface with significant lateral inhomogeneities. Furthermore, grain boundary band bending detected in S-free absorber surfaces was absent. However, similar to S-free absorbers, annealing under ultra-high vacuum conditions was found to electronically passivate the CIGSSe surface. Our results shed light on the fundamental properties of these S-containing chalcopyrite-type surfaces and demonstrate a valuable platform for further optimization of this promising solar cell technology.
The effect of air-blowing method and blending method in bitumen production on the performance of bitumen and asphalt mixture
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Foroutan Sara , Vamegh Mostafa
Published: February 2025

Although the amount of bitumen compared to aggregates in asphalt mixtures is low, it plays an important role in the properties and durability of the asphalt mixture. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the bitumen production process in the performance of bitumen and asphalt mixtures. In this regard, three different 60-70 bitumen were prepared with different processes including 1) air blowing of light VB, 2) blending heavy VB and Heavy Vacuum Slops (HVS), 3) blending heavy VB and Vacuum Residue (VR). The physical, chemical, and rheological tests were performed on bitumen. Also, the properties of HMA made with these bitumens, such as resilient modulus, dynamic creep, rutting by wheel track, and tensile strength have been investigated. The results showed that VR bitumen causes greater temperature sensitivity and poorer high and low-temperature properties in bitumen and negatively affects the performance of asphalt mixtures against permanent deformation and fatigue. HVS bitumen, due to its oily structure, provides greater flexibility in bitumen and HMA, especially intermediate temperatures. The results of asphalt mixture tests indicated improved rutting performance (43-86%), fatigue cracking (about 48% and 60%), and moisture sensitivity (7% and 10%) in asphalt mixtures made with bitumen produced by the air-blowing process.
BioModTool: from biomass composition data to structured biomass objective functions for genome scale metabolic models
Authors: Dupont Thibert Clémence , Roy Sylvaine , Curien Gilles , Durot Maxime
Published: February 2025

BioModTool is a Python program allowing easy generation of biomass objective functions for genome scale metabolic models from user data. BioModTool loads biomass composition data in the form of a structured Excel file completed by the user, normalizes these data into model compatible units (mmol.gDW−1), and creates a structured biomass objective function to update a metabolic model. Aimed at a wide range of users, BioModTool can be run as a Python module compatible with COBRApy but also comes with an interface allowing its use by non-modelers. By providing easy definition of new biomass objective functions, BioModTool can accelerate new genome scale metabolic reconstructions, improve existing ones, and facilitate biomass-specific experimental datasets analyses with genome-scale models.

Availability and implementation

BioModTool is publicly available on PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/BioModTool/) under a GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). Installation instructions and source code are available on GitHub (https://github.com/Total-RD/BioModTool). BioModTool is compatible with Windows, Linux and MacOS operating systems.
Conditional Fluorescent Changes of Azaylides with Fluorescent Chromophores
Authors: Hamada Mayo , Yoshida Suguru
Published: February 2025

We found conditional fluorescent changes of azaylides bearing fluorescent chromophores. Azaylide formation and their stability were examined using electron-deficient aromatic azides and triarylphosphines having fluorescent chromophores. Turn-on fluorescence was realized under the acidic conditions using a non-fluorescent azaylide prepared by nonhydrolysis Staudinger reaction from 2,6-dichloro-substituted aryl azide and 1-pyrenyl phosphine.
Diabetic complications in women with type 2 diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Ollila M M , Hautakoski A , Arffman M , Morin-Papunen L , Koivikko M , Ebeling T , Sund R , Piltonen T T
Published: February 2025

Objective

To investigate whether increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) translates into increased risk of diabetic complications.

Design

A cohort study based on the nationwide Diabetes in Finland database. The main analysis included 1288 women with PCOS and T2DM and 177,555 women with T2DM without PCOS (controls). Moreover, a sub-analysis that compared each woman with PCOS and T2DM to five controls with matching diagnosis date of T2DM and the age at onset of T2DM was conducted.

Methods

The risk for diabetic complications (i.e. a composite variable including retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or foot complications, and all-cause death) during the period 1996–2017 was analysed using Cox regression with PCOS as the time-dependent variable and adjustment for education level, year of T2DM diagnosis, and age at T2DM diagnosis. The unadjusted cumulative incidence of diabetic complications was calculated among women with PCOS and matched controls.

Results

The median age at T2DM diagnosis was significantly lower in women with PCOS compared to controls (33 [25th; 75th percentiles: 25;41] versus 62 [53;71] years). The 20-year cumulative incidence of diabetic complication after T2DM diagnosis was 35% in women with PCOS and 48% in matched controls. Women with PCOS had a smaller adjusted hazard ratio (0.70, 95% CI: 0.60–0.82) for diabetic complication.

Conclusions

The findings of the present register study suggest that PCOS does not seem to increase the risk of diabetic complications. However, studies with longer follow-up and clinical data, such as BMI, are needed to verify this.
Reconstruction of segmental duplication rates and associated genomic features by network analysis
Authors: Abdullaev Eldar T , Haridoss Dinesh A , Arndt Peter F
Published: February 2025

Segmental duplications (SDs) are long genomic duplications that are fixed in a genome. SDs play an important evolutionary role because entire genes can be duplicated along with regulatory sequences. The ancestral segmental duplications of the human lineage gave rise to genes that are involved in the development of the human brain and provided sites for further genomic rearrangements. While some duplicated loci have been extensively studied, the universal principles and biological factors underlying the spread of SDs remain unclear. Here we represent segmental duplications in a network, with edges corresponding to duplication events and nodes corresponding to affected genomic sites. This representation allowed us to estimate how many duplications had occurred at each locus, and thereby enabling the prediction of genomic features associated with increased duplication rates. Our comprehensive study of genomic features associated with duplications and those associated with increased duplication rates allowed us to identify several biological factors affecting a segmental duplication process. In our study, we describe genomic features associated with increased duplication rates, three signatures of the duplication process and associations of SDs with different classes of high-copy repeats. Furthermore our method is readily implemented and can easily be applied to segmental duplications of other genomes to build a network of SDs or to predict real duplication events.
Implementation of a complex eHealth intervention by a public–private partnership in clinical practice: a qualitative multicentre analysis using CFIR
Authors: IJzerman R V H , van der Vaart R , Breeman L D , Kraaijenhagen R A , Evers A W M , Scholte op Reimer W J M , Janssen V R
Published: February 2025

Complex eHealth interventions—featuring multiple components within dynamic systems—are used for healthcare improvement. Public–private partnerships (PPPs), combining resources, expertise, and technology, are crucial in this context. Yet, integrating these interventions into practice remains challenging. This study identifies barriers and facilitators affecting implementation of the BENEFIT programme, a complex eHealth intervention targeting cardiovascular disease patients, by PPP within practice. A qualitative study design was employed. Ten key stakeholders from four cardiac rehabilitation (CR) sites, who were all PPP partners involved in developing and implementing the BENEFIT programme, were interviewed semistructured. Transcripts were analysed using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Facilitators included programme adaptability, communication and planning within teams, digital healthcare needs, dedicated PPP leadership, PPP meeting structure and PPP’s ability to quickly modify the implementation strategy. Barriers involved specific PPP challenges (frequently changing roles, unclear roles and responsibilities and limited staffing), workplace disruptions, poor information technology (IT) integration, and ambiguous implementation goals amongst CR sites. This case study highlights challenges in implementing complex eHealth interventions by PPPs within practice. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive implementation approach considering specific PPP dynamics, including combined expertise and resources, transparent role definition, sufficient staffing, clear goal communication and adaptable strategies for sustainable implementation.