bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical and Electrochemical Applications of Li-Doped NiO Nanostructures Synthesized via Facile Microwave Technique
Authors: Bhatt Aarti S. , Ranjitha R. , Santosh M. S. , Ravikumar C. R. , Prashantha S. C. , Maphanga Rapela R. , Silva Guilherme F. B. Lenz e
Published: July 2020

Nanostructured NiO and Li-ion doped NiO have been synthesized via a facile microwave technique and simulated using the first principle method. The effects of microwaves on the morphology of the nanostructures have been studied by Field Emission Spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the nanosize of the particles and favoured orientations along the (111), (200) and (220) planes revealing the cubic structure. The optical band gap decreases from 3.3 eV (pure NiO) to 3.17 eV (NiO doped with 1% Li). Further, computational simulations have been performed to understand the optical behaviour of the synthesized nanoparticles. The optical properties of the doped materials exhibit violet, blue and green emissions, as evaluated using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. In the presence of Li-ions, NiO nanoparticles exhibit enhanced electrical capacities and better cyclability. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results show that with 1% Li as dopant, there is a marked improvement in the reversibility and the conductance value of NiO. The results are encouraging as the synthesized nanoparticles stand a better chance of being used as an active material for electrochromic, electro-optic and supercapacitor applications.
Micromachining of Invar with 784 Beams Using 1.3 ps Laser Source at 515 nm
Authors: Hauschwitz Petr , Stoklasa Bohumil , Kuchařík Jiří , Turčičová Hana , Písařík Michael , Brajer Jan , Rostohar Danijela , Mocek Tomáš , Duda Martin , Lucianetti Antonio
Published: July 2020

To fulfil the requirements for high-resolution organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, precise and high-quality micrometer-scale patterns have to be fabricated inside metal shadow masks. Invar has been selected for this application due to its unique properties, especially a low coefficient of thermal expansion. In this study, a novel cost-efficient method of multi-beam micromachining of invar will be introduced. The combination of a Meopta beam splitting, focusing and monitoring module with a galvanometer scanner and HiLASE high-energy pulse laser system emitting ultrashort pulses at 515 nm allows drilling and cutting of invar foil with 784 beams at once with high precision and almost no thermal effects and heat-affected zone, thus significantly improving the throughput and efficiency.
Joining of Silicon Particle-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites to Kovar Alloys Using Active Melt-Spun Ribbons in Vacuum Conditions
Authors: Gao Zeng , Ba Xianli , Yang Huanyu , Yin Congxin , Liu Shanguang , Niu Jitai , Brnic Josip
Published: July 2020

The vacuum brazing of dissimilar electronic packaging materials has been investigated. In this research, this applies silicon particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (Sip/Al MMCs) to Kovar alloys. Active melt-spun ribbons were employed as brazing filler metals under different joining temperatures and times. The results showed that the maximum joint shear strength of 96.62 MPa was achieved when the joint was made using Al-7.5Si-23.0Cu-2.0Ni-1.0Ti as the brazing filler metal at 580 °C for 30 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the joint indicated that the main phases were composed of Al, Si and intermetallics, including CuAl, TiFeSi, TiNiSi and Al3Ti. When the brazing temperature ranged from 570 °C to 590 °C, the leakage rate of joints remained at 10−8 Pa·m3/s or better. When the joint was made using Al-7.5Si-23.0Cu-2.0Ni-2.5Ti as the brazing filler metal at 580 °C for 30 min, the higher level of Ti content in the brazing filler metal resulted in the formation of a flake-like Ti(AlSi)3 intermetallic phase with an average size of 7 µm at the interface between the brazing seam and Sip/Al MMCs. The joint fracture was generally in the form of quasi-cleavage fracture, which primarily occurred at the interface between the filler metal and the Sip/Al MMCs. The micro-crack propagated not only Ti(AlSi)3, but also the Si particles in the substrate.
A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of TiN Top and Bottom Electrodes on Atomic Layer Deposited Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films
Authors: Kim Si Joon , Mohan Jaidah , Kim Harrison Sejoon , Hwang Su Min , Kim Namhun , Jung Yong Chan , Sahota Akshay , Kim Kihyun , Yu Hyun-Yong , Cha Pil-Ryung , Young Chadwin D. , Choi Rino , Ahn Jinho , Kim Jiyoung
Published: July 2020

The discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO2-based materials in 2011 provided new research directions and opportunities. In particular, for atomic layer deposited Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films, it is possible to obtain homogenous thin films with satisfactory ferroelectric properties at a low thermal budget process. Based on experiment demonstrations over the past 10 years, it is well known that HZO films show excellent ferroelectricity when sandwiched between TiN top and bottom electrodes. This work reports a comprehensive study on the effect of TiN top and bottom electrodes on the ferroelectric properties of HZO thin films (10 nm). Investigations showed that during HZO crystallization, the TiN bottom electrode promoted ferroelectric phase formation (by oxygen scavenging) and the TiN top electrode inhibited non-ferroelectric phase formation (by stress-induced crystallization). In addition, it was confirmed that the TiN top and bottom electrodes acted as a barrier layer to hydrogen diffusion into the HZO thin film during annealing in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere. These features make the TiN electrodes a useful strategy for improving and preserving the ferroelectric properties of HZO thin films for next-generation memory applications.
Impurity Doping in Mg(OH)2 for n-Type and p-Type Conductivity Control
Authors: Ichimura Masaya
Published: July 2020

Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) has a wide bandgap of about 5.7 eV and is usually considered an insulator. In this study, the energy levels of impurities introduced into Mg(OH)2 are predicted by first-principles calculations. A supercell of brucite Mg(OH)2 consisting of 135 atoms is used for the calculations, and an impurity atom is introduced either at the substitutional site replacing Mg or the interlayer site. The characteristics of impurity levels are predicted from density-of-states analysis for the charge-neutral cell. According to the results, possible shallow donors are trivalent cations at the substitutional site (e.g., Al and Fe) and cation atoms at the interlayer site (Cu, Ag, Na, and K). On the other hand, an interlayer F atom can be a shallow acceptor. Thus, valence control by impurity doping can turn Mg(OH)2 into a wide-gap semiconductor useful for electronics applications.
The Study of the Theoretical Size and Node Probability of the Loop Cutset in Bayesian Networks
Authors: Wei Jie , Nie Yufeng , Xie Wenxian
Published: July 2020

Pearl’s conditioning method is one of the basic algorithms of Bayesian inference, and the loop cutset is crucial for the implementation of conditioning. There are many numerical algorithms for solving the loop cutset, but theoretical research on the characteristics of the loop cutset is lacking. In this paper, theoretical insights into the size and node probability of the loop cutset are obtained based on graph theory and probability theory. It is proven that when the loop cutset in a p-complete graph has a size of p − 2 , the upper bound of the size can be determined by the number of nodes. Furthermore, the probability that a node belongs to the loop cutset is proven to be positively correlated with its degree. Numerical simulations show that the application of the theoretical results can facilitate the prediction and verification of the loop cutset problem. This work is helpful in evaluating the performance of Bayesian networks.
Global Stability of Integral Manifolds for Reaction–Diffusion Delayed Neural Networks of Cohen–Grossberg-Type under Variable Impulsive Perturbations
Authors: Stamov Gani , Stamova Ivanka , Venkov George , Stamov Trayan , Spirova Cvetelina
Published: July 2020

The present paper introduces the concept of integral manifolds for a class of delayed impulsive neural networks of Cohen–Grossberg-type with reaction–diffusion terms. We establish new existence and boundedness results for general types of integral manifolds with respect to the system under consideration. Based on the Lyapunov functions technique and Poincarѐ-type inequality some new global stability criteria are also proposed in our research. In addition, we consider the case when the impulsive jumps are not realized at fixed instants. Instead, we investigate a system under variable impulsive perturbations. Finally, examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the obtained results.
Editorial for Special Issue “Geological and Mineralogical Sequestration of CO2”
Authors: Ruggieri Giovanni , Gherardi Fabrizio
Published: July 2020

Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) has been substantiated by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) [...]
Surface Study of CuO Nanopetals by Advanced Nanocharacterization Techniques with Enhanced Optical and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Khan Muhammad Arif , Nayan Nafarizal , Shadiullah Shadiullah , Ahmad Mohd Khairul , Soon Chin Fhong
Published: July 2020

In the present work, a facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis of well-defined stabilized CuO nanopetals and its surface study by advanced nanocharacterization techniques for enhanced optical and catalytic properties has been investigated. Characterization by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed existence of high crystalline CuO nanopetals with average length and diameter of 1611.96 nm and 650.50 nm, respectively. The nanopetals are monodispersed with a large surface area, controlled morphology, and demonstrate the nanocrystalline nature with a monoclinic structure. The phase purity of the as-synthesized sample was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. A significantly wide absorption up to 800 nm and increased band gap were observed in CuO nanopetals. The valance band (VB) and conduction band (CB) positions at CuO surface are measured to be of +0.7 and −1.03 eV, respectively, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which would be very promising for efficient catalytic properties. Furthermore, the obtained CuO nanopetals in the presence of hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2 ) achieved excellent catalytic activities for degradation of methylene blue (MB) under dark, with degradation rate > 99% after 90 min, which is significantly higher than reported in the literature. The enhanced catalytic activity was referred to the controlled morphology of monodispersed CuO nanopetals, co-operative role of H 2 O 2 and energy band structure. This work contributes to a new approach for extensive application opportunities in environmental improvement.
The Importance of Sweet Beverage Definitions When Targeting Health Policies—The Case of Switzerland
Authors: Sousa Angelica , Sych Janice , Rohrmann Sabine , Faeh David
Published: July 2020

Since high-sweet beverage intake is associated with health risks, defining what this term encompasses is relevant to the strategies confronting this problem. This study assessed both the sociodemographic factors associated with sweet beverage consumption in Switzerland and the amount consumed. According to the current definition in Switzerland (SB–CUR), sweet beverages include soft drinks, juices with added-sugar, and low-calorie sweet beverages. Using this definition and the representative menuCH survey (n = 2057; ages 18–75), the average daily sweet beverage intake was determined and compared with a new sweet beverage definition (SB–NEW), which included all beverages with free sugars and low-calorie sweeteners. A generalized linear model was used to investigate correlates of sweet beverage consumption. Sweet beverage consumption under the SB–CUR and SB–NEW definition was 240.6 g/day and 329.7 g/day, respectively, with 100% juice consumption accounting for 66% of the difference. Carbonated drinks (sodas), low-calorie sweet beverages, and 100% juices were the highest contributors, each around 60 g/day. SB–NEW intake was higher in individuals who were male, young adults (aged 18–29), from German-speaking regions, obese, or had a lower level of education. As sweet beverage consumption was much higher under the SB–NEW definition, this could have implications for health policies aimed at reducing sugar intake.
Evaluation of Interferon-Gamma Polymorphisms as a Risk Factor in Feline Infectious Peritonitis Development in Non-Pedigree Cats—A Large Cohort Study
Authors: Barker Emi N. , Lait Philippa , Ressel Lorenzo , Blackwell Emily-Jayne , Tasker Séverine , Kedward-Dixon Helen , Kipar Anja , Helps Christopher R.
Published: July 2020

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common infectious cause of death in cats, with heritable host factors associated with altered risk of disease. To assess the role of feline interferon-gamma gene (fIFNG) variants in this risk, the allele frequencies of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.401 and g.408) were determined for non-pedigree cats either with confirmed FIP (n = 59) or from the general population (cats enrolled in a large lifetime longitudinal study; n = 264). DNA was extracted from buccal swabs or tissue samples. A pyrosequencing assay to characterize the fIFNG SNPs was designed, optimized and subsequently performed on all samples. Genotype and allele frequency were calculated for each population. Characterization of the target SNPs was possible for 56 of the cats with FIP and 263 of the cats from the general population. The SNPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium with each other. There was an association between FIP status and genotype (χ2; p = 0.028), with a reduced risk of developing FIP (χ2; p = 0.0077) associated with the genotype TT at both positions. These results indicate that, although fIFNG variants may be associated with altered risk of disease, the prevalence of individual variants within both populations limits application of their characterization to breeding purposes.
First Measurements of Gas Flux with a Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera on the Volcanoes of Northern Chile
Authors: Aguilera Felipe , Layana Susana , Rojas Felipe , Arratia Pilar , Wilkes Thomas C. , González Cristóbal , Inostroza Manuel , McGonigle Andrew J.S. , Pering Tom D. , Ureta Gabriel
Published: July 2020

UV cameras have been used for over a decade in order to remotely sense SO2 emission rates from active volcanoes, and to thereby enhance our understanding of processes related to active and passive degassing. Whilst SO2 column density retrievals can be more accurate/sophisticated using alternative techniques (e.g., Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (DOAS), Correlation Spectrometer (COSPEC)), due to their higher spectral resolutions, UV cameras provide the advantage of high time-resolution emission rates, a much greater spatial resolution, and the ability to simultaneously retrieve plume speeds. Nevertheless, the relatively high costs have limited their uptake to a limited number of research groups and volcanic observatories across the planet. One recent intervention in this regard has been the introduction of the PiCam UV camera, which has considerably lowered instrumental cost. Here we present the first data obtained with the PiCam system from seven persistently degassing volcanoes in northern Chile, demonstrating robust field operation in challenging conditions and over an extended period of time, hence adding credence to the potential of these units for more widespread dissemination to the international volcanic gas measurement community. Small and weak plumes, as well as strongly degassing plumes were measured at distances ranging 0.6–10.8 km from the sources, resulting in a wide range of SO2 emission rates, varying from 3.8 ± 1.8 to 361 ± 31.6 td−1. Our acquired data are discussed with reference to previously reported emission rates from other ground-based remotely sensed techniques at the same volcanoes, in particular considering: resolution of single plume emissions in multi-plume volcanoes, light dilution, plume geometry, seasonal effects, and the applied plume speed measurement methodology. The main internal/external factors that influence positive/negative PiCam measurements include camera shake, light dilution, and the performance of the OpenCV and control points post processing methods. A simple reprocessing method is presented in order to correct the camera shake. Finally, volcanoes were separated into two distinct groups: low and moderate SO2 emission rates systems. These groups correlate positively with their volcanological characteristics, especially with the fluid compositions from fumaroles.
Pilot Measurement of Illuminance in the Context of Light Pollution Performed with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Tabaka Przemyslaw
Published: July 2020

This article presents the methodology and results of pilot field illuminance measurements using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The main goal of the study was to quantify the luminous flux emitted in the upper hemisphere (toward the sky) based on obtained measurement data. The luminous flux emitted toward the sky is the source of undesirable light pollution. For test purposes, a height-adjustable mobile park lantern was constructed, at the top of which any type of luminaire can be installed. In the pilot measurements, two real opal sphere-type luminaires were considered. The lantern was situated in an open area located away from a large city agglomeration. To determine the unusable luminous flux, illuminance was measured, placing the necessary measuring equipment on board a UAV. The measurements were supplemented with the registration of illuminance on the ground upon which the lantern was installed. Based on these data, the useful luminous flux was calculated. The findings show that UAVs may be successfully used for the assessment of the influence of lighting on the light pollution effect.
Evaluation of the Effect of Higher-Order Ionospheric Delay on GPS Precise Point Positioning Time Transfer
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Yang Xuhai , Zhang Zhe , Sun Baoqi , Qin Weijin
Published: July 2020

In high-precision GPS precise point positioning (PPP) time transfer, errors caused by the effect of ionosphere delay have to be corrected. Usually the ionosphere-free combinations of the pseudo code and the carrier phase is used in GPS PPP data processing, and it effectively eliminates the effect of the first-order ionospheric delay. This study quantitatively analyzes the errors caused by higher-order ionospheric (Ion2+) delays in precise PPP time transfer. Data of two 7-day test periods, including low and moderate ionospheric conditions, from 20 stations located in middle- and low-latitude, were analyzed. The difference in clock solution with and without the Ion2+ correction, including the receiver clock solution and time-link clock solution, was deeply analyzed and discussed. The difference sequence shows a constant bias plus some variations with a diurnal variation. For the difference of the receiver clock solutions, the mean standard deviation of the variations is 3.92 ps in low-latitude, which is much larger than that of 2.59 ps in mid-latitude due to the influence of the larger ionospheric electron density on the low-latitude. The maximum constant bias reached more than 15 ps and was negative at most stations in the northern hemisphere, while it was positive at most stations located in the southern hemisphere. The difference in the time-link solutions correlates not only with time and region, but also with the length of the time-links. The largest difference in the long time-link SYDN-PTBB, BJNM-SYDN, AMC2-SYDN, etc., reaches more than 25 ps, while that of the short time-link IENG-PTBB, BRUX-PTBB, etc., is less than 3.5 ps. Therefore, the Ion2+ correction is necessary for high-precision PPP time transfer over long time-links, especially time-links made by one station located in the northern hemisphere and another located in the south hemisphere; however, it could be ignored for short time-links.
Attenuation Correction of X-Band Radar Reflectivity Using Adjacent Multiple Microwave Links
Authors: Kim Min-Seong , Kwon Byung Hyuk
Published: July 2020

Rain attenuation can hinder the implementation of quantitative precipitation estimations using X-band weather radar. Numerous studies have been conducted on correcting the attenuation of radar reflectivity by utilizing a dual-polarimetric radar and an arbitrary-oriented microwave link; however, there is a need to optimize the required number of microwave links and their locations. In this study, we tested four attenuation correction methods and proposed a novel algorithm based on the sole use of adjacent multiple microwave links. The attenuation of the X-band radar reflectivity was corrected by performing forward iterations at each link, and the correction coefficients were statistically analyzed to reduce the instability problem. The algorithms of each method were evaluated by studying the cases of convective and stratiform rainfall, and then validated by comparing the corrected reflectivity of the X-band radar with the qualitatively controlled reflectivity of the S-band radar. The new method was as efficient as the conventional method based on the specific differential phase of dual-polarimetric radar. Furthermore, the correction coefficient was more effectively optimized and stabilized using seven microwave links rather than a single link, and no further independent reference data were required. In addition, the attenuation correction also accounted for spatiotemporal differentiation depending on the rainfall type, and could recover the physical structure of the rainfall. The method developed herein can facilitate estimations of quantitative rainfall in developing countries where dual-polarization weather radars are not common. The exploitation of microwave link data is a promising method for rainfall remote sensing.
Communication with Local Officials, Self-Efficacy, and Individual Disaster Preparedness: A Case Study of Rural Northwestern China
Authors: Yu Junlei , Sim Timothy , Qi Wenhua , Zhu Zhe
Published: July 2020

Promoting individual disaster preparedness is one of the most effective ways to reduce disaster risk. Effective disaster risk communication is widely known to motivate individuals to take protective measures. However, the mechanisms underlying the communication of risk, particularly between local officials and individuals, and its effects on individuals’ disaster preparedness are still unclear. This study established a moderated mediation model to investigate the mediating and moderating roles of individuals’ level of disaster preparedness knowledge and self-efficacy, respectively, with a focus on local officials as the disaster information source. To test this conceptual model, 1080 villagers from Weinan city, Shaanxi province, China were randomly selected and interviewed. The results showed that frequent interpersonal communication with local officials enhanced villagers’ disaster preparedness. However, this relationship was mediated by the extent of villagers’ disaster preparedness knowledge. Moderated mediation analysis further indicated that those with a higher level of self-efficacy were more likely to prepare for disasters after receiving disaster risk-reduction information with village officials, but this effect was not significant for villagers with low self-efficacy. These findings indicated that individuals’ preparedness level can be increased if local officials regularly communicate disaster risk reduction knowledge to villagers, and that this effect is stronger for individuals with a higher level of self-efficacy.
Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Alto Barry W. , Civana Ayse , Wiggins Keenan , Eastmond Bradley , Shin Dongyoung
Published: July 2020

Mayaro virus is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus endemic to forests of tropical South America with a sylvatic cycle involving non-human primates and Haemagogus mosquitoes. Human infection with Mayaro virus causes a febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia and cases are often associated with exposure to tropical forest habitats. Human movement between tropical forest habitats and urban settings may allow for imported cases and subsequent local transmission by domestic mosquito Aedes aegypti. The relative importance of Ae. aegypti as a vector of Mayaro virus may depend on the pathogenic effects of the virus on fitness correlates, especially those entomological parameters that relate to vectorial capacity. We performed mosquito infection studies and compared adult survival and fecundity of females from Brazilian and Floridian populations of Ae. aegypti following oral ingestion of uninfectious (control) and Mayaro virus infectious blood. Mayaro virus infected and refractory mosquitoes had similar or 30–50% lower fecundity than control (unexposed) mosquitoes, suggesting a reproductive cost to mounting an immune response or phenotypic expression of refractoriness. Survival of adult female mosquitoes and targeted gene expression in the Toll and IMD pathways were not altered by Mayaro virus infection. Adult lifespan and fecundity estimates were independent of measured viral titer in the bodies of mosquitoes. The lack of adverse effects of infection status on female survival suggests that Mayaro virus will not alter vectorial capacity mediated by changes in this parameter.
West Nile Virus in Slovenia
Authors: Knap Nataša , Korva Miša , Ivović Vladimir , Kalan Katja , Jelovšek Mateja , Sagadin Martin , Zakotnik Samo , Strašek Smrdel Katja , Slunečko Jan , Avšič-Županc Tatjana
Published: July 2020

West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of Culex sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient’s urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia.
Cathepsin B Protease Facilitates Chikungunya Virus Envelope Protein-Mediated Infection Via Endocytosis or Macropinocytosis
Authors: Izumida Mai , Hayashi Hideki , Tanaka Atsushi , Kubo Yoshinao
Published: July 2020

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an enveloped virus that enters host cells and transits within the endosomes before starting its replication cycle, the precise mechanism of which is yet to be elucidated. Endocytosis and endosome acidification inhibitors inhibit infection by CHIKV, murine leukemia virus (MLV), or SARS-coronavirus, indicating that these viral entries into host cells occur through endosomes and require endosome acidification. Although endosomal cathepsin B protease is necessary for MLV, Ebola virus, and SARS-CoV infections, its role in CHIKV infection is unknown. Our results revealed that endocytosis inhibitors attenuated CHIKV-pseudotyped MLV vector infection in 293T cells but not in TE671 cells. In contrast, macropinocytosis inhibitors attenuated CHIKV-pseudotyped MLV vector infection in TE671 cells but not in 293T cells, suggesting that CHIKV host cell entry occurs via endocytosis or macropinocytosis, depending on the cell lines used. Cathepsin B inhibitor and knockdown by an shRNA suppressed CHIKV-pseudotyped MLV vector infection both in 293T and TE671 cells. These results show that cathepsin B facilitates CHIKV infection regardless of the entry pathway.
LEGAL STUDY CONCERNING PROVISION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING STORAGE OF EVIDENCE GOODS AND HOUSEHOLD RESISTANCE OF NORTH SUMATRA AREA
Authors: Junaedi Junaedi
Published: July 2020

BUMN as a red template institution has long carried out a program that has similarities with the vision and mission of CSR which is a translation of the TJSL even though there were no regulations that obliged SOEs to do so. Potential donations to the public through PKBL are expected to provide greater benefits than those carried out by non-SOE corporations. Through the PKBL it is hoped that there will be an increase in the contribution of SOEs to the empowerment of the potential and condition of a synergic economic, social and environmental community so as to create equitable development. Besides having the main function of looking for profit, BUMN also has the duty to pay attention to social issues. In Article 88 paragraph (1) of Law No: 19 of 2003 concerning SOEs it is stated "SOEs can set aside a portion of their net income for the purposes of fostering small businesses / cooperatives and fostering communities around SOEs". But on the other hand, SOE is a form of PT which also has environmental social responsibility (TJSL) or often referred to as CSR, it is specifically regulated in article 74 paragraph (1) of Law No: 40 of 2007 concerning PT, "that the company those who carry out their business in and related to natural resources, are required to carry out corporate social and environmental responsibility activities." The purpose and objectives, based on the background of making this study is the purpose of the preparation of this study is to examine whether the effectiveness of BL assistance programs for the development of public facilities and infrastructure in the form of evidence storage buildings and detention centers of North Sumatra Regional Police. The problem in this paper is whether the grounds or reasons behind PTPN IV provide BL program assistance in the development of public facilities and infrastructure in the form of evidence storage buildings and detention centers of the North Sumatra Regional Police
Sistem Monitoring Kualitas Air Menggunakan Sensor Turbidity Metode Nephelometri Berbasis Raspberry PI 3
Authors: Fernanda Al Fatin
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini telah dirancang suatu sistem pembacaan sensor turbidimeter (turbidity) untuk mengetahui parameter kekeruhan air tanah yang dapat dikonsumsi dengan menggunakan metode nephelometri. Nephelometri merupakan suatu metode dalam pemanfaatan sifat hamburan cahaya, cahaya sumber yang dipancarkan ke media air yang terdapat partikel di dalamnya akan dihamburkan dan dideteksi oleh detektor cahaya yang diposisikan dengan sudut 90o. Pada penulisan ini sumber cahaya menggunakan LED super bright berwarna merah dan detektor cahaya photodiode TSL 250r dengan panjang gelombang 630nm. Kemudian di penulisan ini juga akan dipaparkan pembuatan sensor dan sistem pembacaan sensor turbidimeter dengan basis Raspberry Pi 3. Hasil karakteriasasi sensor turbidimter yang didapat dengan persamaan least square adalah , kemudian nilai digunakan untuk merubah nilai ADC ke NTU(Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). Sensor turbidimter memiliki akurasi nilai minimum 2 NTU dan nilai maksimum 200 NTU dengan error di bawah 5%.
Design Of A Voice Controlled Home Automation System Using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Network (DL-CNN)
Authors: Ramba Lery Sakti
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research is to design home automation system that can be controlled using voice commands. This research was conducted by studying other research related to the topics in this research, discussing with competent parties, designing systems, testing systems, and conducting analyzes based on tests that have been done. In this research voice recognition system was designed using Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks (DL-CNN). The CNN model that has been designed will then be trained to recognize several kinds of voice commands. The result of this research is a speech recognition system that can be used to control several electronic devices connected to the system. The speech recognition system in this research has a 100% success rate in room conditions with background intensity of 24dB (silent), 67.67% in room conditions with 42dB background noise intensity, and only 51.67% in room conditions with background intensity noise 52dB (noisy). The percentage of the success of the speech recognition system in this research is strongly influenced by the intensity of background noise in a room. Therefore, to obtain optimal results, the speech recognition system in this research is more suitable for use in rooms with low intensity background noise.
La autonomía en dilemas. El federalismo y los Territorios Nacionales en el derecho constitucional argentino (1870-1920)
Authors: Gallucci Lisandro
Published: July 2020

Mediante un recorrido por las obras de un conjunto de figuras relevantes del derecho constitucional en Argentina entre 1870 y 1920, este artículo ofrece un estudio sobre las formas en que aquellas concibieron el lugar de los Territorios Nacionales en el régimen federal consagrado en la Constitución de 1853. Sus reflexiones sobre la transformación de esas unidades dependientes del gobierno federal en nuevas provincias, ofrecen algunos indicios acerca de las dificultades que rodearon a ese cambio de estatus. El examen de esas ideas permite además descubrir importantes aspectos sin embargo poco atendidos por la historiografía relativa al federalismo argentino de dicho periodo, tales como la condición jurídico-política de las provincias y los fundamentos de su autonomía. La resolución que tuvieron los debates desarrollados en torno a dichas cuestiones, sugiere la existencia de un régimen federal más resistente ante tendencias centralistas de lo que por lo general se supone.
Una nueva estimación del índice del costo de vida, Argentina 1912-1932
Authors: Lanata Briones Cecilia T.
Published: July 2020

Al ser concebidas como reflejos o aproximaciones a la realidad, las estadísticas ayudan a comprender hechos porque objetivan fenómenos. Esta idea se basa en la premisa de que las herramientas estadísticas son hechos incontestables y apolíticos. Sin embargo, la cuantificación y sus resultados no son objetivos. Para determinar el fenómeno a medir y el objetivo de la cuantificación primero se necesitan definiciones. Por lo tanto, las estadísticas están sujetas a debates en torno a sus métodos, interpretación y uso. Utilizando la primera estimación del índice de costo de vida (ICV) argentino y siguiendo la metodología de de-construcción/construcción/re-construcción de estadísticas, este artículo estudia cómo se generan las mismas. En la fase de de-construcción, el trabajo analiza varios informes para determinar cómo se estimó dicho ICV, elaborado por Alejandro Bunge. La etapa de construcción analiza la metodología del índice y determina los problemas del mismo, que son consecuencia de las suposiciones y los métodos utilizados, en base a los datos disponibles en ese entonces. Por último, el ICV se re-construye corrigiendo sus principales problemas, utilizando la información disponible para Bunge, con el fin de demostrar cómo diferentes supuestos resultan en diferentes series. Por ello, se genera una nueva estimación del ICV para el período 1912-1932.
Finanzas públicas y administración en la provincia de Corrientes (1850-1889)
Authors: Schaller Enrique César
Published: July 2020

Con la vigencia de la Constitución de 1853, la Confederación Argentina, asociación de provincias unidas por pactos, fue sustituida por una república federal, alianza permanente en la que se creaban nuevas instancias de gobierno con atribuciones y recursos propios. Esta reforma implicó para las provincias una redefinición de sus funciones y estructuras estatales. En el ámbito de la hacienda pública el cambio fue profundo porque se modificaron las bases sobre las que se sustentaba el sistema rentístico provincial. En el presente artículo se analizan las reformas fiscales que tuvieron lugar en la provincia de Corrientes a partir de la organización nacional hasta las vísperas de la crisis económica de 1890. El período se caracteriza por la lenta construcción del nuevo régimen fiscal en un inestable contexto institucional. El estudio examina la evolución de los ingresos y gastos de la provincia y destaca los cambios más importantes que se produjeron en las diversas áreas del Estado.
Literatura na Educação Infantil: modos de trabalho com textos e possibilidades do desenvolvimento da capacidade criativa
Authors: Brito Larissa Elizabeth Barros , Rocha Maria S. Pinto de Moura Librandi da
Published: July 2020

Apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida junto a uma turma de Educação Infantil, com objetivo de investigar as formas de trabalho pedagógico com a literatura infantil, perscrutando seus possíveis efeitos no desenvolvimento da capacidade criativa das crianças. A pesquisa foi realizada através dos seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: (i) entrevistas semiestruturadas com a professora da turma e com a bibliotecária da escola; (ii) observação das leituras de histórias; e (iii) entrevista semiestruturada em grupo com as crianças. Todos os procedimentos foram videofilmados; parte das entrevistas com as crianças foi também audiogravada. As análises realizadas foram qualitativas, com especial destaque para o material empírico produzido nas entrevistas com as crianças, contrastado com as (im)possibilidades de desenvolvimento criativo a partir do trabalho com apostilas. Os resultados apontam para distintas formas de elaboração das crianças sobre e a partir de histórias narradas e permitem identificar práticas pedagógicas e o lugar da literatura infantil nas escolas.
Crítica literária na escola: caminhos e descaminhos
Authors: Valle Neto Júlio de Souza
Published: July 2020

Este artigo pretende discutir o papel da Crítica Literária em contexto escolar, investigando as razões de seu uso relativamente pequeno em sala de aula e propondo uma abordagem específica para o Ensino Médio.
Kontribusi Usahatani Kedelai Terhadap Pendapatan Petani (Studi Kasus di Desa Sambueja Kecamatan Simbang Kabupaten Maros)
Authors: Pata Abdul Asis
Published: July 2020

Tanaman kedelai mempunyai arti penting dalam kehidupan antara lain : untuk mempertahankan tingkat kesuburan tanah, memperbaiki komposisi makanan rakyat, sebagai bahan ekspor, dapat dijadikan pengganti bahan makanan pokok, dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani, dan juga digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga makan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pendapatan petani dari usahatani kedelai di Sambueja Kecamatan Simbang Kabupaten Maros, dan menganalisis kontribusi usahatani kedelai terhadap pendapatan total petani di Kecamatan Simbang Kabupaten Maros. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Sambueja Kecamatan Simbang Kabupaten Maros pada bulan Agustus - September 2017. Populasi berasal dari 3 kelompok tani yang berjumlah 80 petani. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 44 responden yang diambil secara proportional random sampling berdasarkan jumlah sampel dari 3 kelompok tani. Kemudian sampel dari masing-masing kelompok tani diambil dengan cara simple rendom sampling. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah observasi dan wawancara (interview) langsung ke petani sampel. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis pendapatan usahatani kedelai, dan analisis kontribusi usahatani kedelai terhadap total pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan petani dari usahatani kedelai adalah sebesar Rp. 147.031.500, dan kontribusi usahatani kedelai terhadap pendapatan total adalah sebesar 24,81%.
Kualitas Fisik daging Persilangan Ayam Kampung Broiler pada Kepadatan Kandang yang Berbeda
Authors: Fausiah Andi , Rab Samsu Alam , Astuti Andi Tenri Bau
Published: July 2020

Tujuan Penelitian Ini untuk menganalisis Kualitas Fisik daging persilangan ayam kampung broiler terhadap tingkat kepadatan yang berbeda. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai PH persilangan daging ayam kampung broiler nilai PH terendah di kepadatan kandang 12 ekor 5,70 dan tertinggi kepadatan kandang 8 ekor 6,21. Daya ikat air  untuk kepadatan kandang 8 ekor 33,71 menurun di kepadatan kandang 8 ekor 32,75 dan kembali meningkat di kepadatan kandang 12 ekor 34,93 daya ikat air dipengaruhi oleh nilai pH. Nilai susuk masak tertinngi pada kepadatan kandang 12 ekor yaitu 1,30 dan terendah 1,19 pada kepadatan 10 ekor  Daging yang berkualitas mempunyai susut masak yang rendah. Nilai keempukan daging ayam kampung broiler terendah di kepadatan kandang 8 ekor  hal ini menyebabkan semakin tinggi kepadatan kandang akan semakin tinggi susuk masak yang capai. Kesimpulan Persilangan ayam kampung dengan ayam broiler dengan kepadatan kandang memberikan pengaruh terhadap PH, Daya Ikat Air dan Tidak berpengaruh Terhadap Keempukan dan Susuk Masak..
Pengaruh Berbagai Metode Aplikasi Pupuk Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Makmur Makmur , Zainuddin Dian Utami
Published: July 2020

Masalah yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan tanaman jagung adalah masalah pemupukan dan cara pemupukan di tingkat petani. Hal ini mendorong dilakukan penelitian cara aplikasi pupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi pupuk terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi tanaman jagungn. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan metode aplikasi pupuk Urea dan NPK Phonska, meliputi metode aplikasi pupuk dengan cara ditugal dan ditutup (P1), pupuk ditugal tidak ditutup (P2), pupuk diletakkan dekat pohon (P3) dan pupuk ditabur dekat pohon tanaman (P4) yang diulang sebanyak 10 kali sehingga terdapat 40 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun tidak berpengaruh nyata dan memberikan rata-rata hasil tertinggi pada perlakun P1 dengan nilai 235 Cm terhadap tinggi tanaman, 15,7 helai terhadap jumlah daun dan   12,6  unit terhadap jumlah baris terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman, sedangkan.  Parameter panjang tongkol, jumlah biji per tongkol, berat tongkol, berat 100 biji dan berat biji pertongkol berpengaruh sangat nyata pada taraf Uji BNT 0,01 pengamatan setelah panen, dengan perlakuan berbagai metode aplikasi pupuk Urea dan NPK Phonskah dengan metode aplikasi pupuk ditugal tidak ditutup memberikan hasil rata-rata tertinggi dengan nilai 20,40 cm terhadap panjang tongkol, dan perlakuan metode aplikasi pupuk ditugal dan ditutup, memberikan hasil rata-rata tertinggi terhadap  jumlah biji per tongkol dengan nilai 508,20 unit, berat tongkol dengan nilai 43 gr, berat 100 biji dengan nilai 37,75 gr dan berat biji pertongkol dengan nilai 189,27 gr.
Analisis Proses Perencanaan Program Pendidikan Nonformal bagi Anak Jalanan di Klinik Jalanan Samarinda
Authors: Mustangin Mustangin
Published: July 2020

Street children become one of the problems that exist today, so it needs non-formal education efforts through its programs to overcome these problems. To get maximum educational results, a non-formal education program planning strategy is needed for these street children. This study aims to analyze the planning process of non-formal education programs for street children in Klinik Jalanan Samarinda. This study uses a qualitative approach because it will reveal how the non-formal education program planning process is for street children. This type of research is a descriptive study that will produce a description of the focus of the research conducted. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and study of documents. While the data analysis technique uses data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The analyzing the validity of the data using data triangulation. The results of the study revealed that the planning process carried out by the Klinik Jalanan Samarinda was divided into several processes including the approach to street children as a means of learning citizens. The next process is identifying the learning needs of street children to design non-formal education programs such as what is suitable for street children. Next is the preparation of learning to get an agreement with street children because street children have their preoccupations, so the need for an agreement on the time and place for the implementation of learning.
Relevansi Kurikulum Hospitality Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar terhadap Restoran di Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Arifin Muhammad , Badollahi Muh. Zainuddin
Published: July 2020

This study aims to see where the relevance of the spatial management study program curriculum to restaurants in South Sulawesi specifically chooses 3 regencies/cities that have a 3A visit level and tourism concept. By using quantitative descriptive. Based on research results found in the existing curriculum relevant to restaurants this can be used from the absorption of alumni who work in the hotel and restaurant sector as much as 98.94%. Besides that the waiting time for alumni to get an average job is 3-6 months.