bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature analysis of TG FinFET on electrical, RF and distortion parameters for wireless applications
Authors: Ansari Mohd Umer , Jha Pulkit , Sharma Manan , Mishra Varun
Published: September 2023

This article proposes four Triple Gate (TG) FinFET structures with variations in fin height and fin width with 22 nm gate length on SOI substrate. The four different structures are presented in terms of (fin height, fin width) such as D1(20 nm, 22 nm), D2(10 nm and 20 nm), D3(8 nm and 18 nm), and D4(6 nm and 16 nm). The objective is to investigate the effect of fin dimensions on the DC characteristics of the FinFET structures. Upon analyzing the DC characteristics, it is observed that D1 had an order of leakage current of 10−10 A, while D4 had 10−14 A. Additionally, D1 and D4 exhibited a change in subthreshold swing (SS) of 30%, with D1 having a value of 78.1 mV/decade and D4 having 60.0 mV/decade. The RF metric gate-to-gate capacitance reduced from D1 to D4 by 90%, and the threshold voltage of D4 was found to be 0.342 V. Based on these findings, D4 structure had better optimized results. Furthermore, temperature is varied on the D4 structure from 300 K to 500 K; electrical, RF, and distortion parameters were analyzed thoroughly. It is observed that the RF parameters reduced while the temperature increased, with transconductance frequency product (TFP), gain frequency product (GFP), and cut-off frequency (fT) decreasing by 92.1%, 98.5%, and 92.4%, respectively. However, the distortion parameters slightly increased with an increase in temperature. VIP2, VIP3, gm2, gm3, and IMD3 decreased, indicating that the device performance in wireless applications increases with increasing temperature. Overall, findings suggest that the D4 (6 nm and 16 nm) structure is a promising candidate for wireless applications, especially those that require high-temperature operation.
Real-time attribution of the influence of climate change on extreme weather events: a storyline case study of Hurricane Ian rainfall
Authors: Reed Kevin A , Wehner Michael F
Published: September 2023

As the Earth continues to warm due to human greenhouse gas emissions, there is a growing need to efficiently communicate the effect that global warming has on individual extreme weather events. Using a storyline approach, we present a rapid attribution of the increase in rainfall over Florida during Hurricane Ian in 2022 due to climate change as a case study. We find that extreme accumulated rainfall amounts associated with Hurricane Ian increased by 18%, far in excess of what would be expected by Clausius–Clapeyron scaling. The study offers a blueprint for rapid operational climate change attribution statements about extreme storms and other very rare weather events.
The evolution of flower–pollinator trait matching, and why do some alpine gingers appear to be mismatched?
Authors: Wang Bo , Tong Ze-Yu , Xiong Ying-Ze , Wang Xiao-Fan , Scott Armbruster W , Huang Shuang-Quan
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Morphological matching between flower and pollinator traits has been documented in diverse plant lineages. Indeed, the matching of corolla tube length and pollinator tongue length has been cited repeatedly as a classic case of coevolution. However, there are many possible evolutionary routes to trait matching. Our aim here is both to review the evolutionary mechanisms of plant–pollinator trait matching and to investigate a specific case of trait matching/mismatching in a genus of alpine gingers.

Methods

Roscoea gingers with long corolla tubes in the western Himalayas have pollinators with correspondingly long tongues, but the match between corolla tube and pollinator tongue lengths is not seen in the eastern Himalayas. Six floral traits were measured, including corolla tube depth, an internal trait controlling pollinator access to nectar. We calculated coefficients of variation and phylogenetically controlled correlation patterns of these traits in six Roscoea species in order to gain possible insights into stabilizing selection and modularization of these traits.

Key Results

The distal (nectar-containing) portion of the corolla tube exhibited lower coefficients of variations than did the basal portion. This is consistent with the hypothesis that pollinators mediate stabilizing selection on the distal, but not basal, portion of the corolla tube. This result, combined with phylogenetic data, suggests that the elevated liquid level of nectar in the distal tube evolved subsequent to dispersal into the eastern Himalayan region and loss of long-tongue pollinators. After accounting for phylogeny, corolla tube length, anther length, style length and labellum width were all intercorrelated. Corolla-tube depth was not part of this covariational module, however, suggesting separate adaptation to short-tongued pollinators.

Conclusions

The reduction in functional corolla tube depth in the Roscoea appears to be related to the loss of long-tongued pollinators associated with dispersal to the eastern Himalayas and pollination by short-tongued pollinators. The apparent mismatch between floral tubes and pollinator tongues is a case of cryptic trait matching between flowers and pollinators, underscoring the importance of combining floral anatomy with pollination ecology in assessing plant–pollinator trait matching.
The Anatomy of the Frontalis Muscle Revisited: A Detailed Anatomic, Clinical, and Physiologic Study
Authors: Angrigiani Claudio , Felice Fernando , Rancati Alberto O , Rios Hugo , Rancati Agustin , Bressan Melisa , Ravera Karina , Nahabedian Maurice Y
Published: September 2023

Background

There are differing opinions regarding the specific mechanical forces related to contraction of the frontalis muscle and how it exerts its effects on eyebrow motion.

Objectives

The goal of this study was to perform a detailed anatomic and clinical study of the frontalis muscle in cadavers and patients to better define the movement of the frontalis muscle.

Methods

This study consisted of 4 arms, which included: (1) dynamic ecography to evaluate movement of the frontalis muscle, (2) anatomical study of the relationship between the frontalis muscle and the deep fascia, (3) histological study to define the frontalis muscle attachments, and (4) clinical study to evaluate the action of the frontalis muscle in patients undergoing a temporal facelift.

Results

The frontalis muscle was attached, inserted, and adhered to the deep layer of the fascia in the superior cephalic and middle third of the forehead. In the superior cephalic third of the forehead, loose areolar tissue was observed deep to the frontalis muscle and the deep layer of the fascia. Within the middle third of the forehead, the deep layer of the galea was fused with the periosteum and firmly adhered. In the inferior caudal third of the forehead, the frontalis muscle was separated from the deep galeal aponeurosis and interdigitated with the orbicularis muscle. When the frontal muscle end was dissected free from the deep fascia by approximately 1 cm and pulled upward, no movement of the eyebrows was observed. Eyebrow elevation was only achieved by pulling on the inferior part of the muscle.

Conclusions

Frontalis muscle movement occurs from the inferior caudal end toward the mid-part of the muscle as it contracts centripetally on its superficial layer, sliding over the deep part strongly attached to the deep fascia.

Level of Evidence: 4
Alice in Lizardland: exploring the spatiotemporal speciation and morphological evolutionary rates in the highly diverse microteiid lizards (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)
Authors: Vásquez-Restrepo Juan D , Diago-Toro María F
Published: September 2023

Macroevolutionary analyses can identify patterns associated with the origin and diversification of species. Here, we gathered currently available genetic and morphological information to explore the diversification dynamics in a highly diverse family of squamate lizards, Gymnophthalmidae. We downloaded the available GenBank data for four genetic markers (12S, 16S, ND4, and c-mos) and generated a dated phylogenetic hypothesis to use as an operational framework. Using our time-calibrated tree, we conducted a Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures (BAMM) to explore macroevolutionary patterns for both speciation and phenotypic evolution. For the latter, we included two morphological traits: body size and leg development. We recovered six major clades commonly referred to as subfamilies, whose common ancestor was recovered between 78.15 and 81.68 Myr. Additionally, we found that the major accumulation of extant lineages occurred during the Miocene. Overall, all the evolutionary rates tended to be low, with particular clades exhibiting higher rates and different but not congruent points of acceleration along the tree. These findings indicate that speciation and phenotypic evolution in this lizard group are heterogenic and decoupled, but several pulses of diversification have occurred. Geographically, we found older lineages to be concentrated in the Amazon and the Guiana Shield, whereas higher speciation rates are found in the tropical Andes and its adjacent lowlands.
Effect of home-based prehabilitation on postoperative complications after surgery for gastric cancer: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bausys Augustinas , Luksta Martynas , Anglickiene Giedre , Maneikiene Vyte V , Kryzauskas Marius , Rybakovas Andrius , Dulskas Audrius , Kuliavas Justas , Stratilatovas Eugenijus , Macijauskiene Lina , Simbelyte Toma , Celutkiene Jelena , Jamontaite Ieva E , Cirtautas Alma , Lenickiene Svetlana , Petrauskiene Dalia , Cikanaviciute Evelina , Gaveliene Edita , Klimaviciute Gertruda , Rauduvyte Kornelija , Bausys Rimantas , Strupas Kestutis
Published: September 2023

Background

Recent studies have demonstrated that prehabilitation improves patients’ physical fitness but its impact on postoperative morbidity remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of personalized, multimodal, semisupervised, home-based prehabilitation on postoperative complications after surgery for gastric cancer.

Methods

This RCT was conducted at two centres in Lithuania. Patients (aged at least18 years) with gastric cancer scheduled to undergo elective primary surgery or surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer were randomized (1 : 1) to prehabilitation or standard care. Prehabilitation included exercise interventions focused on endurance, respiratory muscle strength, stretching, and resistance training as well as nutritional and psychological support. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with postoperative complications within 90 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included 90-day mortality rate, physical condition, fitness level, nutritional status, quality of life, anxiety and depression level, and proportion of patients completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

Between February 2020 and September 2022, 128 participants were randomized to prehabilitation (64) or standard care (64), and 122 (prehabilitation 61, control 61) were analysed. The prehabilitation group had increased physical capacity before the operation compared with baseline (mean 6-min walk test change +31 (95 per cent c.i. 14 to 48) m; P = 0.001). The prehabilitation group had a decreased rate of non-compliance with neoadjuvant treatment (risk ratio (RR) 0.20, 95 per cent c.i. 0.20 to 0.56), a 60 per cent reduction in the number of patients with postoperative complications at 90 days after surgery (RR 0.40, 0.24 to 0.66), and improved quality of life compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Prehabilitation reduced morbidity in patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Registration number

NCT04223401 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Human Leukocyte Antigen Signatures as Pathophysiological Discriminants of Microscopic Colitis Subtypes
Authors: Zheng Tenghao , Roda Giulia , Zabana Yamile , Escudero-Hernández Celia , Liu Xingrong , Chen Ye , Camargo Tavares Leticia , Bonfiglio Ferdinando , Mellander Marie-Rose , Janczewska Izabella , Vigren Lina , Sjöberg Klas , Ohlsson Bodil , Almer Sven , Halfvarson Jonas , Miehlke Stephan , Madisch Ahmed , Lieb Wolfgang , Kupčinskas Juozas , Weersma Rinse K , Bujanda Luis , Julià Antonio , Marsal Sara , Esteve Maria , Guagnozzi Danila , Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Ferrer Carmen ,   MC-Europe GETECCU GWAS group, Zabana Yamile , Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Esteve Maria , Piqueras Marta , Busquets David , Iglesias Eva , Lucendo Alfredo J , Peter Inga , Ludvigsson Jonas F , Pardi Darrell , Verhaegh Bas , Jonkers Daisy , Pierik Marieke , Münch Andreas , Franke Andre , Bresso Francesca , Khalili Hamed , Colombel Jean-Frederic , D’Amato Mauro
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Microscopic colitis [MC] is currently regarded as an inflammatory bowel disease that manifests as two subtypes: collagenous colitis [CC] and lymphocytic colitis [LC]. Whether these represent a clinical continuum or distinct entities is, however, an open question. Genetic investigations may contribute important insight into their respective pathophysiologies.

Methods

We conducted a genome-wide association study [GWAS] meta-analysis in 1498 CC, 373 LC patients, and 13 487 controls from Europe and the USA, combined with publicly available MC GWAS data from UK Biobank and FinnGen [2599 MC cases and 552 343 controls in total]. Human leukocyte antigen [HLA] alleles and polymorphic residues were imputed and tested for association, including conditional analyses for the identification of key causative variants and residues. Genetic correlations with other traits and diagnoses were also studied.

Results

We detected strong HLA association with CC, and conditional analyses highlighted the DRB1*03:01 allele and its residues Y26, N77, and R74 as key to this association (best p = 1.4 × 10-23, odds ratio [OR] = 1.96). Nominally significant genetic correlations were detected between CC and pneumonia [rg = 0.77; p = 0.048] and oesophageal diseases [rg = 0.45, p = 0.023]. An additional locus was identified in MC GWAS analyses near the CLEC16A and RMI2 genes on chromosome 16 [rs35099084, p = 2.0 × 10-8, OR = 1.31]. No significant association was detected for LC.

Conclusion

Our results suggest CC and LC have distinct pathophysiological underpinnings, characterised by an HLA predisposing role only in CC. This challenges existing classifications, eventually calling for a re-evaluation of the utility of MC umbrella definitions.
Prevalence and prognostic value of atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Fujimoto Yudai , Matsue Yuya , Maeda Daichi , Dotare Taishi , Sunayama Tsutomu , Iso Takashi , Nakamura Yutaka , Singh Yu Suresvar , Akama Yuka , Yoshioka Kenji , Kitai Takeshi , Naruse Yoshihisa , Taniguchi Tatsunori , Tanaka Hidekazu , Okumura Takahiro , Baba Yuichi , Nabeta Takeru , Minamino Tohru
Published: September 2023

Aims

The prognostic value of the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients at the time of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) diagnosis is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between AF at the time of CS diagnosis and patient prognosis.

Methods and results

This study is a post-hoc analysis of Illustration of the Management and Prognosis of Japanese Patients with CS, a multicentre, retrospective observational study that evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with CS. The primary endpoint was the combined endpoint of all-cause death and hospitalization due to heart failure. After excluding patients with missing data about AF status, 445 patients (62 ± 11 years, 36% males) diagnosed with CS according to the Japanese current diagnostic guideline were analysed. Compared to patients without AF, patients with AF (n = 46, 10%) had higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide and a higher prevalence of heart failure hospitalizations. During a median follow-up period of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 1.7–5.8 years), 80 primary endpoints were observed. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis indicated that concomitant AF at the time of diagnosis was significantly associated with a high incidence of primary endpoints (log-rank P = 0.002). This association was retained after adjusting for known risk factors including log-transformed brain natriuretic peptide levels and left ventricular ejection fractions [hazard ratio, 1.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.65); P = 0.035].

Conclusion

The presence of AF at the time of CS diagnosis is associated with higher incidence of all-cause death and heart failure hospitalization.
Preoperative Frailty Is an Independent Risk Factor for Postinduction Hypotension in Older Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Youn Jin , Woo Jae Hee , Oh Hye-Won
Published: September 2023

Background

Intraoperative hypotension is a risk factor for perioperative adverse outcomes and is highly prevalent in older patients. Frailty has been associated with hemodynamic instability but its impact on postinduction hypotension is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the association between frailty and postinduction hypotension in older patients.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated electronic medical records of patients aged ≥65 years who were assessed for preoperative frailty and underwent noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia. Reported Edmonton Frail Scale (REFS) scores were used to stratify patients into a nonfrail (REFS scores 0–5), prefrail (6–7), and frail (8–18) groups. Postinduction hypotension was defined as a mean blood pressure below 65 mmHg or 20% from baseline occurring within the first 20 minutes after anesthesia induction and evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Independent factors related to postinduction hypotension in our sample (421 patients) were status of frail (REFS score ≥8) compared to nonfrail (odds ratio [OR], 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–5.18; p = .002), lower baseline mean blood pressure in the operating room (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.999; p = .034) and at the presurgical center (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99; p = .003), and orthopedic (compared to urologic) surgery (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.14–4.30; p = .019).

Conclusion

Preoperative frail status based on REFS scores is associated with postinduction hypotension. Frailty screening tool for older patients may enhance traditional risk calculators and improve patient selection for noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia.
3. Towards a global comparative criminology
Authors: Eisner Manuel
Published: September 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the achievements and challenges of comparative criminology in the field. It elaborates on the development of comparative criminology, which is the study of crime and crime control across two or more larger social contexts to describe differences, testing theories, and drawing practically valuable inferences from comparisons. Due to the data revolution in global criminology, it is becoming possible to broadly describe levels and trends in crime across most parts of the world. Comparative research of criminal justice and penal institutions benefits from adopting a multi-layered ecological framework to understand the effects of social contexts on crime. Overall, comparative criminology aims to become an integrative framework for explaining crime globally along two dimensions.
Forging an African Union Identity: The Power of Experience
Authors: Witt Antonia
Published: September 2023

Pan-Africanism and references to a shared African cultural identity have an important function in the way the African Union (AU) seeks to mobilize a sense of belonging among African citizens. However, we know very little about how African citizens, in turn, relate to and identify with the AU and what shapes their sense of belonging as political subjects of the AU. In addressing this lacuna, this article takes a bottom-up perspective on the formation of an AU identity among African citizens, placing citizens’ own sense-making practices about the relevance and value of the AU in their everyday lives center stage. Drawing on focus group discussions among citizens in Burkina Faso and The Gambia, I show that the way research participants relate to the AU is based on and mediated through experiences. Rather than a vague Pan-African identity, what shapes the way citizens relate to the AU are concrete experiences with the organization’s norms and policies and their tangible effects on everyday life, which are conditioned by people’s (different) exposure to AU policies and their positioning within existing social, political, and economic structures. The importance of experience in forging a sense of belonging among African citizens does not preclude the existence of a shared Pan-African identity, but it offers important cues for both how to study the formation of an AU identity and how it can be shaped in the future.
PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) presenting as isolated macrodactyly
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kritika , Edema Ukuemi , Ustun Berrin , Villanueva-Siles Esperanza , Koehler Steven M , Naeem Rizwan , Wang Yanhua , Goldstein Doctor Y
Published: September 2023

PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, with varied clinical presentations ranging from isolated segmental overgrowths to megalencephaly and vascular malformations, all resulting from post-zygotic activating mutations in PIK3CA. Isolated macrodactyly of upper limb is extremely rare, accounting only for 0.9%–1% of all congenital anomalies of the upper limb. This report describes a case of congenital, isolated, nonprogressive macrodactyly of the right index finger and thumb, in an adult patient that was treated with debulking surgery. The microscopic features were compatible with lipomatosis of nerve. Due to the prompt and pertinent molecular testing, which identified a somatic PIK3CA variant, c.3140A > G, p.H1047R., the case was classified as a PROS. The availability of mTOR inhibitors offers additional treatment possibilities in cases with progressive disease. This case report highlights the importance of molecular testing to identify PROS, to further the knowledge of this continually expanding entity.
Identifying the unmet physical and psychological intimacy and sexual needs of partners of patients with terminal cancer
Authors: Kusakabe Akihiko , Mawatari Hironori , Hirano Kazue , Ohta Mitsuyasu , Inamori Masahiko , Morita Tatsuya
Published: September 2023

Background

Palliative care aims to improve the quality of life of patients who are terminally ill, but support for the sexuality of these patients is often inadequate.

Aim

To identify factors related to the unmet needs of bereaved partners whose significant others died of cancer during hospitalization.

Methods

Bereaved individuals in Japan aged >50 years who had lost their partners to cancer in a hospital in the last 5 years answered a questionnaire on the support desired for “time to nurture love with your partner.”

Outcomes

We used 3 sexual questions in the 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey–Short Form (SCNS-SF34) and measured the unmet needs of partners of patients with terminal cancer.

Results

We obtained 290 responses (equal number of males and females). Respondents’ age distribution was as follows: 50 to 59 years, 34.8%; 60 to 69 years, 44.5%; 70 to 79 years, 19.3%; ≥80 years, 1.4%. In total, 81% had children. Most partners died in the general ward (59.3%). Frequency of time to nurture love with one’s partner before the illness was as follows: none at all, 44 (15.2%); very little, 84 (29.0%); once in a while, 76 (26.2%); occasionally, 45 (15.5%); and often, 41 (14.1%). Roughly 20% of participants reported experiencing unmet sexual needs across all 3 selected questions in the SCNS-SF34. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (P = .00097) and a higher frequency of time to nurture love with one’s partner before illness (P = .004) were positively associated with unmet needs for sexuality during hospitalization.

Clinical Implications

The study may help health care workers identify patients who are seeking sexual support.

Strengths and Limitations

This study identified the unmet needs and underlying factors regarding sexuality during hospitalization for partners of patients with terminal cancer. However, differences by cancer type could not be analyzed. Additionally, the modified version of the supportive care needs measure used in this study (SCNS-SF34) may have decreased validity owing to the alterations made for its use.

Conclusion

Some hospitalized patients with terminal cancer could need support for time to nurture love with their partners. Health care providers can play a crucial role by anticipating the needs of patients, preparing them mentally, and offering counseling and information to help them maintain an intimate connection with their loved ones.
The provability logic of all provability predicates
Authors: Kurahashi Taishi
Published: September 2023

We prove that the provability logic of all provability predicates is exactly Fitting, Marek, and Truszczyński’s pure logic of necessitation $\textsf{N}$. Moreover, we introduce three extensions $\textsf{N4}$, $\textsf{NR}$ and $\textsf{NR4}$ of $\textsf{N}$ and investigate the arithmetical semantics of these logics. In fact, we prove that $\textsf{N4}$, $\textsf{NR}$ and $\textsf{NR4}$ are the provability logics of all provability predicates satisfying the third condition $\textbf{D3}$ of the derivability conditions, all Rosser provability predicates and all Rosser provability predicates satisfying $\textbf{D3}$, respectively.
Type Ia supernovae in NS+He star systems and the isolated mildly recycled pulsars
Authors: Guo Yun-Lang , Wang Bo , Wu Cheng-Yuan , Chen Wen-Cong , Jiang Long , Han Zhan-Wen
Published: September 2023

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are successful cosmological distance indicators and important element factories in the chemical evolution of galaxies. They are generally thought to originate from thermonuclear explosions of carbon–oxygen white dwarfs in close binaries. However, the observed diversity among SNe Ia implies that they have different progenitor models. In this article, we performed the long-term evolution of NS+He star binaries with different initial He star masses ($M_{\rm He}^{\rm i}$) and orbital periods ($P_{\rm orb}^{\rm i}$) for the first time, in which the He star companions can explode as SNe Ia eventually. Our simulations indicate that after the He stars develop highly degenerate oxygen–neon (ONe) cores with masses near the Chandrasekhar limit, explosive oxygen burning can be triggered due to the convective Urca process. According to these calculations, we obtained an initial parameter space for the production of SNe Ia in the $\rm log\,$$P^{\rm i}_{\rm orb}{\text {--}}M^{\rm i}_{\rm He}$ plane. Meanwhile, we found that isolated mildly recycled pulsars can be formed after He stars explode as SNe Ia in NS+He star binaries, in which the isolated pulsars have minimum spin periods ($P_{\rm spin}^{\rm min}$) of ∼30–110 ms and final orbital velocities of ${\sim} \rm 60{\!-\!}360\, km\, s^{-1}$, corresponding to initial orbital periods of 0.07–10 d. Our work suggests that the NS+He star channel may contribute to the formation of isolated mildly recycled pulsars with velocity $\rm {\lesssim} 360\, km\, s^{-1}$ in observations, and such isolated pulsars should locate in the region of pulsars with massive white dwarf companions in the $P_{\rm spin} {\!-\!}\dot{P}_{\rm spin}$ diagram.
The early evolution of magnetar rotation – II. Rapidly rotating magnetars: implications for gamma-ray bursts and superluminous supernovae
Authors: Prasanna Tejas , Coleman Matthew S B , Raives Matthias J , Thompson Todd A
Published: September 2023

Rapidly rotating magnetars have been associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). Using a suite of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations at fixed neutrino luminosity and a couple of evolutionary models with evolving neutrino luminosity and magnetar spin period, we show that magnetars are viable central engines for powering GRBs and SLSNe. We also present analytical estimates of the energy outflow rate from the proto-neutron star (PNS) as a function of polar magnetic field strength B0, PNS angular velocity Ω⋆, PNS radius R⋆, and mass outflow rate $\dot{M}$. We show that rapidly rotating magnetars with spin periods P⋆ ≲ 4 ms and polar magnetic field strength B0 ≳ 1015 G can release 1050 to 5 × 1051 erg of energy during the first ∼2 s of the cooling phase. Based on this result, it is plausible that sustained energy injection by magnetars through the relativistic wind phase can power GRBs. We also show that magnetars with moderate field strengths of B0 ≲ 5 × 1014 G do not release a large fraction of their rotational kinetic energy during the cooling phase and, hence, are not likely to power GRBs. Although we cannot simulate to times greater than ∼3–5 s after a supernova, we can hypothesize that moderate field strength magnetars can brighten the supernova light curves by releasing their rotational kinetic energy via magnetic dipole radiation on time-scales of days to weeks, since these do not expend most of their rotational kinetic energy during the early cooling phase.
Timing properties of the X-ray accreting pulsar RX J0440.9+4431 studied with Insight-HXMT and NICER
Authors: Li P P , Tao L , Tuo Y L , Ge M Y , Kong L D , Zhang L , Bu Q C , Ji L , Qu J L , Zhang S , Zhang S N , Huang Y , Ma X , Ye W T , Zhao Q C , Ma R C , Zhao S J , Hou X , Yang Z X , Wang P J , Jia S M , Shui Q C , Guan J
Published: September 2023

RX J0440.9+4431, a Be/X-ray binary, had its brightest outburst in 2022 since its discovery, with a peak X-ray flux of 2.25 Crab (as recorded by Swift/BAT, 15–50 keV). We analyze the timing properties of this giant outburst using data from Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope and Neutron Star Interior Composition Exlporer, focusing on the evolution of the pulse profile and pulse fraction. We observe that when the luminosity reached around ~$3\times 10^{37}\ {\rm erg\ \rm s^{-1}}$, a transition from double-peaked to single-peaked pulse profiles occurred across the energy range, with the peak of the low-energy profile aligning gradually with the peak of the high-energy profile. This change indicates a transition from subcritical to supercritical accretion. Additionally, we found a concave in the pulse fraction as a function of energy around 20–30 keV throughout the entire outburst period. Compared to the low luminosity, the concave becomes weaker in high luminosities, and overall, the pulse fraction is higher. We propose that this concave could be caused by the scattering of high-energy photons by the atmosphere of a neutron star, leading to a dilution of the pulse fraction. As the accretion reaches the supercritical state, the accretion column height increases, resulting in a larger direct component of strongly beamed X-ray flux, and an elevated pulse fraction.
A case of atypical IgG4-related disease presenting hypereosinophilia, polyneuropathy, and liver dysfunction
Authors: Mukoyama Hiroki , Murakami Kosaku , Onizawa Hideo , Shirakashi Mirei , Hiwa Ryosuke , Tsuji Hideaki , Kitagori Koji , Akizuki Shuji , Nakashima Ran , Onishi Akira , Yoshifuji Hajime , Tanaka Masao , Morinobu Akio
Published: September 2023

Ig (immunoglobulin) G4-related disease (Ig4-RD) affects several organs, including salivary glands, lacrimal glands, pancreas, biliary ducts, and retroperitoneum. A 72-year-old woman was examined for hypereosinophilia, high levels of IgG4, polyneuropathy, liver dysfunction, enlargement of lymph nodes and lacrimal glands, and beaded dilation of the bile ducts. We diagnosed Ig4-RD based on biopsies of the lymph nodes, liver, and submandibular gland. The symptoms of the patient improved after glucocorticoid treatment. This was a novel and atypical case of Ig4-RD that was difficult to differentiate from other diseases, including eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, and polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, skin changes syndrome. This case report highlights the importance of biopsies in differentiating Ig4-RD.
Molecular Characterization of Genital and Extragenital Lesions With the PlexPCR VHS Assay in Patients Diagnosed With Syphilis
Authors: Eguiluz Maria , Qquellon Jazmin , Vargas Silver K , Reyes-Diaz Michael , Konda Kelika A , Caceres Carlos F , Klausner Jeffrey D
Published: September 2023

Background

Syphilis diagnosis relies on immunologic markers and clinical protocols. However, syphilitic lesions can be confused with other genital ulcer diseases.

Methods

Using a PlexPCR VHS assay, we analyzed lesion DNA samples from 87 individuals who were clinically diagnosed with early syphilis infection and had at least 1 positive serologic test result. DNA was detected by the PlexPCR VHS multiplex assay and β-globin genes.

Results

Among the participants, 99% (86/87) had a positive rapid treponemal test result. DNA was successfully detected in 91% (79/87) of the lesion samples. PlexPCR VHS identified 5 herpes simplex virus (HSV)/Treponema pallidum coinfections (2 HSV-1 and 3 HSV-2), only T pallidum DNA in 62% (49/79), and only HSV-2 in 12.7% (10/79). While 19% (15/79) were negative for all pathogens, none were varicella zoster virus positive. The PlexPCR VHS had 68.4% agreement with the clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions

Since the PlexPCR VHS detects multiple organisms simultaneously, it can help to confirm actual syphilis and identify other pathogen coinfections or the pathogen causing the ulcer.
Macrodynamics and climate: reformulation
Authors: Giraud Gaël , Valcke Paul
Published: September 2023

Designing policy for global warming requires an integrated analysis of the interplay between the economy and the environment. The consensus is growing that, despite their dominance in the economics literature and their influence in public discussion and policymaking, the methodology employed so far by most Integrated Assessment Models (iams) ‘rests on flawed foundations’ (Stiglitz et al. 2016). This is particularly worrisome in the face of the immense risks and challenges of global warming and the radical changes in our economies that an effective response requires. This paper introduces an alternative paradigm, idee (Integrated Dynamic Environment-Economy), based on coupling a medium-size climate model with nonlinear, out-of-equilibrium, stock-flow-consistent macroeconomic dynamics in continuous time. Idee allows for multiple economic steady states, endoRgenous business cycles, endogenous growth, corporate default, and the short- and long-run assessment of various mitigation and adaptation policies. We argue that this approach is suitable for providing insights into managing the transition to net-zero emissions and coping with damages induced by the ecological crisis.
Genetic Mapping, Identification, and Characterization of a Candidate Susceptibility Gene for Powdery Mildew in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Stack George M. , Cala Ali R. , Quade Michael A. , Toth Jacob A. , Monserrate Luis A. , Wilkerson Dustin G. , Carlson Craig H. , Mamerto Allen , Michael Todd P. , Crawford Seth , Smart Christine D. , Smart Lawrence B.
Published: September 2023

Powdery mildew (PM) in Cannabis sativa is most frequently caused by the biotrophic fungus Golovinomyces ambrosiae. Based on previously characterized variation in susceptibility to PM, biparental populations were developed by crossing the most resistant cultivar evaluated, ‘FL 58’, with a susceptible cultivar, ‘TJ's CBD’. F1 progeny were evaluated and displayed a range of susceptibility, and two were self-pollinated to generate two F2 populations. In 2021, the F2 populations ( n = 706) were inoculated with PM and surveyed for disease severity. In both F2 populations, 25% of the progeny were resistant, while the remaining 75% showed a range of susceptibility. The F2 populations, as well as selected F1 progeny and the parents, were genotyped with a single-nucleotide polymorphism array, and a consensus genetic map was produced. A major effect quantitative trait locus on C. sativa chromosome 1 (Chr01) and other smaller-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) on four other chromosomes were identified. The most associated marker on Chr01 was located near CsMLO1, a candidate susceptibility gene. Genomic DNA and cDNA sequencing of CsMLO1 revealed a 6.8-kb insertion in FL 58, relative to TJ's CBD, of which 846 bp are typically spliced into the mRNA transcript encoding a premature stop codon. Molecular marker assays were developed using CsMLO1 sequences to distinguish PM-resistant and PM-susceptible genotypes. These data support the hypothesis that a mutated MLO susceptibility gene confers resistance to PM in C. sativa and provides new genetic resources to develop resistant cultivars.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Enhanced Resistance to Viruses in Nicotiana edwardsonii ‘Columbia’ Is Dependent on Salicylic Acid, Correlates with High Glutathione Levels, and Extends to Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria and Abiotic Stress
Authors: Király Lóránt , Zechmann Bernd , Albert Réka , Bacsó Renáta , Schwarczinger Ildikó , Kolozsváriné Nagy Judit , Gullner Gábor , Hafez Yaser Mohamed , Künstler András
Published: September 2023

Our earlier research showed that an interspecific tobacco hybrid ( Nicotiana edwardsonii ‘Columbia’ [NEC]) displays elevated levels of salicylic acid (SA) and enhanced resistance to localized necrotic symptoms (hypersensitive response [HR]) caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), as compared with another interspecific hybrid ( Nicotiana edwardsonii [NE]) derived from the same parents. In the present study, we investigated whether symptomatic resistance in NEC is indeed associated with the inhibition of TMV and TNV and whether SA plays a role in this process. We demonstrated that enhanced viral resistance in NEC is manifested as both milder local necrotic (HR) symptoms and reduced levels of TMV and TNV. The presence of an adequate amount of SA contributes to the enhanced defense response of NEC to TMV and TNV, as the absence of SA resulted in seriously impaired viral resistance. Elevated levels of subcellular tripeptide glutathione (GSH) in NEC plants in response to viral infection suggest that in addition to SA, GSH may also contribute to the elevated viral resistance of NEC. Furthermore, we found that NEC displays an enhanced resistance not only to viral pathogens but also to bacterial infections and abiotic oxidative stress induced by paraquat treatments.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Metabolites from Lysobacter gummosus YMF3.00690 Against Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Zhou Zhifan , Wang Ting , Pu Xuejuan , Su Yinling , Shi Tingting , Zhao Peiji , Yang Zixiang , Li Guohong
Published: September 2023

The strains in Lysobacter spp. have the potential to control plant-parasitic nematodes. In our experiment, L. gummosus YMF3.00690 showed antagonistic effects against plant root-knot nematode. Nine metabolites were isolated and identified from cultures of L. gummosus YMF3.00690, of which compound 1 was identified as a new metabolite tetrahydro-4,4,6-trimethyl-6-[(tetrahydro-6,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-4(1 H)-pyrimidinylidene) methyl]-2(1 H)-pyrimidinone. The activity assay showed that two compounds, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1 H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (2) and 1 H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (3), had nematicidal activities against Meloidogyne javanica with mortalities of 69.93 and 90.54% at 400 ppm for 96 h, respectively. These two compounds were further tested for the inhibition activity of eggs hatching, and compound 3 showed a significant inhibition rate of 63.36% at 50 ppm for 48 h. In the chemotactic activity assay, three compounds (1 to 3) were found to have concentration-dependent chemotactic activity, of which compound 1 showed attractive activity. This experiment explored the active metabolites of L. gummosus YMF3.00690 against M. javanica and laid the foundation for biopesticide development.
Aerial Mapping of the Peruvian Chira Valley Banana Production System to Monitor the Expansion of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Tropical Race 4
Authors: Tagami Giuliana Nakasato , van Westerhoven Anouk C. , Seidl Michael F. , van der Sluis Jaap , Cozzarelli Mario , Balarezo Camminati Diego , Pflücker Rafaël , Márquez Rosillo Claudio , Clercx Luud , Kema Gerrit H. J.
Published: September 2023

The recent incursion of Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) caused by TR4 threatens banana production in the Chira Valley of Peru. To develop a management strategy, we mapped the entire production area from the air. During 12 flights at an altitude of 610 m (2,000 ft), we gathered 133,700 images in a timeframe of 2 weeks and constructed an orthomosaic map of 73,000 ha. This unveiled the complex logistic network across the banana-producing region, comprising 150 km of primary roads, as well as numerous secondary and tertiary unpaved paths through and bordering banana plantations. Moreover, the Poechos reservoir—with a total length of 450 km—feeds the entire Chira Valley irrigation system, which could further exacerbate TR4 expansion. Using georeferenced landscape details (digital terrain model), we determined areas prone to flooding, which is also relevant for disseminating TR4. Analyses of the maps resulted in the identification of many suspect areas for direct sampling and subsequent analyses to study the expansion of TR4. At four locations, we confirmed two cases, and by June 8, 2023, a total of 207 cases were reported. We conclude that TR4 is a serious threat to the entire region, which exports approximately 25% of the global organic bananas.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Telomere-to-Telomere Genome Assembly Resource of Bipolaris sorokiniana, the Fungal Pathogen Causing Spot Blotch and Common Root Rot Diseases in Barley and Wheat
Authors: Leng Yueqiang , Du Yang , Fiedler Jason , Haridas Sajeet , Grigoriev Igor V. , Zhong Shaobin
Published: September 2023

Bipolaris sorokiniana ( Cochliobolus sativus) is a fungal pathogen that causes spot blotch, common root rot, and kernel blight in barley and wheat. Four pathotypes (0, 1, 2, and 7) of the fungus were previously identified based on their virulence on three barley differential lines (Bowman, ND 5883, and NDB 112). Although several genome assemblies have been reported for B. sorokiniana, a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly is still lacking for this fungus. In this study, we assembled the genome of a pathotype 0 isolate (ND93-1) of B. sorokiniana using both PacBio HiFi reads and ultralong Oxford Nanopore Technology reads corrected with Illumina paired-end 100-bp short reads. The combined genome assembly of ND93-1 has an estimated size of 35.7 Mb and consists of 16 scaffolds, each having two telomeres. A total of 11,564 protein-coding genes were predicted, including 1,633 genes encoding for secretory proteins and 473 genes for effectors. This telomere-to-telomere genome assembly provides an important resource for comparative genomics and understanding molecular biology of B. sorokiniana and related Bipolaris species.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Public experience with and perspectives on medical care provided by PAs
Authors: Kozikowski Andrzej , Morton-Rias Dawn , Quella Alicia , Puckett Kasey , Jeffery Colette , Mauldin Sheila , Goodman Joshua
Published: September 2023

Objective:

We sought to assess public experiences with and perspectives about physician associates/assistants (PAs), who are taking on increasingly important roles in healthcare.

Methods:

We conducted a survey using a Qualtrics panel assessing whether participants (N = 1,388) received care from PAs, their perceptions of the care received, and their intentions of seeking care from PAs in the future.

Results:

About 67% of participants reported receiving care from PAs; 61.7% believed PAs have more time to communicate with patients. Most respondents were satisfied with the care received, said they were likely to see a PA again, and recommended PAs. Of those not treated by PAs, 30.6% were willing to receive care from PAs, 43.8% were willing to receive care from PAs for minor medical needs, 21.3% were unsure, and 4.3% were unwilling. Older participants and those with more education had consistently more favorable views.

Conclusions:

Public experiences with and perceptions of PAs are positive. Future research should employ longitudinal designs to assess trends as the PA workforce continues to grow.
The effect of psychosocial stress on prenatal care among Hispanic immigrant women
Authors: Ahmed Sarah , Pablo Nicole , Mui Sammie , Verdeyen Elyse , Robinson Terri , Gillette Chris , Hussaini Sobia Shariff
Published: September 2023

This article explores the effect of psychosocial stress on Hispanic immigrant women, including access to and use of prenatal care and birth outcomes. In addition to highlighting the health effects for this growing population, the article outlines strategies for clinicians to improve access to adequate prenatal care and to cultivate a supportive environment to promote use of prenatal services.
Perceptions of Addiction Medications Within Collegiate Recovery Communities
Authors: Tuliao Antover P. , Tuliao Minerva D. , Lewis Lauren E. , Mullet Natira D. , North-Olague Justin , Mills Devin , Kimball Thomas , Shumway Sterling
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Addiction medications (AM) are effective in improving recovery outcomes, but many barriers still exist that reduce their implementation among young adults. While the perception of AM has been explored within clinicians and counselors in many settings, it has not yet been documented within collegiate recovery communities (CRC). The aim of this brief report is to assess the acceptability and intent to use AM among students in recovery, and to evaluate the effect of attitudes, perceived AM effectiveness, and social norms on these outcomes.

Methods

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior, CRC students (N = 162; 44% female) within the United States completed an online survey.

Results

Results from a hierarchical linear model indicated that the perceived acceptance of AM use by important others was significantly related to the intent to use AM (β = 0.47, P < 0.01) and encourage others to use AM (β = 0.16, P < 0.05). Positive attitudes about AM predicted acceptability of AM use (β = 0.42, P < 0.01) and encouraging other CRC students to use AM (β = 0.38, P < 0.01). Perceived AM effectiveness was positively associated with acceptability (β = 0.36, P < 0.01) and encouragement of others (β = 0.27, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Results highlight the importance of promoting effectiveness, improving attitudes, and tapping social networks to increase AM use and acceptability among CRC students. Implications for CRC policy and programming are discussed.