bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Borassus flabellifer L. crude male flower extracts alleviate cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney cells
Authors: Tusskorn Ornanong , Pansuksan Kanoktip , Machana Kwanchayanawish
Published: January 2021

Objective:

To investigate the effects of Borassus flabellifer L. extracts on antioxidant activity, maintenance of cellular redox, and mitochondrial function in cisplatin-induced kidney injury.

Methods:

The extracts of Borassus flabellifer were obtained from crude male flowers using ethyl acetate and methanol. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and ferric reducing antioxidant power, and total phenolic content was also determined. Cytoprotective activity of ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts was assessed after kidney cells were treated with cisplatin. Oxidative stress was determined by glutathione (GSH) assay, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) using 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and JC-10 assays, respectively.

Results:

Borassus flabellifer methanolic extract exhibited greater antioxidant activity than the ethyl acetate extract. Cytoprotective effect was demonstrated in both extracts, particularly in the ethyl acetate extract. The extracts showed protection against the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by prevention of the increased GSSG and declined GSH/GSSG ratio. Both extracts also prevented the increase in ROS formation, and loss of ΔΨm.

Conclusions:

Both Borassus flabellifer extracts show antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effect against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity of NRK-52E cells by preventing oxidative stress and maintenance of GSH redox status. Borassus flabellifer extracts may possess beneficial effects on the prevention of oxidative stress- induced cell injury.
Breast cancer in young women: A
retrospective study from tertiary care center of
north India
Authors: Sharma Deepti , Singh Garima
Published: January 2021

Aim: Breast cancer is the most common
cause of cancer in women worldwide. They have more
aggressive clinical behaviour with poor outcomes
in younger patients. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the impact of age on prognosis of breast
cancer in women above and under 40 years of age.
Material and Methods: Medical record of 415
patients with invasive breast cancer were analysed
from January 2011 to December 2014 in our
department.The last was done in December 2015.All
cases diagnosed with breast cancer stages I to IV
were evaluated, and grouped on the basis of age
[less than 40 and above 40 years].Baseline
categorical variables were analysed using the
Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Non
categorical variable were analysed using t-test.
Result: A total of 372 patients were reviewed
because 42 patients defaulted. The median age at
the time of diagnosis was 44.6 years (range 23 to
90 years).Metastasis to distant organs were more
in women with age <40. Tumour relapse occurred
in 131 cases, among which 84 cases died, 35
patients (26.31%) in less than 40 group vs.49
patients (20.50%) in above 40 groups. The
estimated median OS in the two groups are 32 and
41 months respectively. Conclusion: The biological
behaviour of breast cancer in younger age group
has been shown to be associated with aggressive
nature and has a worse clinical outcome as
compared to that in older group.
Completeness of reporting and outcome switching in trials published in Indian journals from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Warrier Kiran , Jayanthi C. R.
Published: January 2021

Context:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are among the cornerstones for generation of high-quality clinical evidence. However, incomplete or biased reporting of trials can hamper the process of review of trials and their results. Outcome switching, intentional, or otherwise leads to biased reporting and can result in false inferences.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to analyze the completeness of reporting Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 checklist items and detect if outcome switching had occurred.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of pharmacology.

Methods:

Online editions of journals published by the Indian association of medical specialties from 2017 to 2019 were accessed, and the full-text versions of the published RCTs in them were downloaded. Reporting of each item in the CONSORT checklist was recorded. The effect of trial registration and CONSORT endorsement on reporting of key methodological parameters was also determined. Protocols of registered trials were accessed, and the outcome switching was assessed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.

Results:

Average completeness of reporting has significantly improved from 2017 to 2019. Major areas of underreporting were generalizability, protocol availability, trial registration, date of recruitment, allocation concealment, and the patient flow diagram. CONSORT endorsing journals had worse, whereas registered trials had better reporting of key methodological indicators. No overt switching of outcomes was observed in 84 out of 86 registered trials where trial protocols were available online for comparison.

Conclusions:

Quality of clinical trial reporting in the Indian medical journals has improved but remains inadequate. CONSORT nonendorsement prevents completeness of trial reporting.
Correlating the treatment outcome with
tumor staging, grading, and various treatment
modalities in patients with
esthesioneuroblastoma
Authors: Singh Shuchita , Singh Lavleen , Ranjan Richa , Singh Manoj Kumar , Thakar Alok , Sharma Suresh Chandra
Published: January 2021

Objective: Although till date no
management protocol for esthesioneuroblastoma
(ENB) has been standardized due to tumor rarity,
still multimodality approach shows better
treatment outcomes as compared to surgery alone.
The objective of this study was to analyze the
clinicopathological spectrum of ENB and to
correlate treatment response with tumor staging,
histopathological grading, and various treatment
modalities. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one
consecutive patients with biopsy-proven ENB were
studied and evaluated for response to treatment in
the form of complete tumor resolution. Results
were analyzed and correlated with stage and grade
of tumor and form of therapy received. Results:
There was male preponderance (3.2:1) with age
ranging between 7 and 63 years (median of 25
years). Survival rates significantly dropped with
increasing tumor stage (63.6% in stages A and B
vs. 30% in stages C and D) and grade (100% in
Grades 1 and 2 vs. 31.25% in Grades 3 and 4). The
recurrence rate was 80% in surgery alone group,
which came down to 43.7% if surgery was
supplemented with other modalities. In cases where
multimodality treatment plan was used, endoscopic
procedures fared equally as open surgical
procedures. Conclusion: Hyam’s grade and Kadish
stage are important prognostic indicators of
treatment outcome, with survival rates dropping
with increasing tumor stage and grade.
Multimodality treatment protocols have improved
the disease outcome, making endoscopic surgery
equivalent to radical surgeries regarding result
outcomes and giving other advantages such as
better cosmesis, less treatment-related
morbidities, decreased hospital stay, and better
cost-effectiveness.
First-line management of metastatic
non-small cell lung cancer: An Indian
perspective
Authors: Ghadyalpatil Nikhil Suresh , Pandey Avinash , Krishnamani Iyer , Srinivas Chilukuri , Rafiq Shabnam J. , Hingmire Sachin S. , Maturu Nagarjuna , Reddy Ragotham , Kumar Kiran K. , Sreekanth K. , Gurram Bharath Chandra , Parikh P. M.
Published: January 2021

Lung cancer has been the most common
cancer in the world for several decades. The
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes
approximately about 80% of the total cases of lung
cancer. Therapeutic interventions in NSCLC have
shifted to the target-based approach from
histology-based approach, and this has completely
changed the face of the management of NSCLC.
Developing countries, such as India, have very
limited data compiled about the prevalence and
treatment practices of lung cancer, despite a
large burden of the disease. However, in recent
times, there has been a lot of data generated in
this regard. This article is an attempt to collate
and shine light on the available data for the
first-line treatment of NSCLC in India keeping in
mind the current standards of care in this
area.
Using Information and Communication Technologies in Health Teaching and Learning
Authors: Oliveira Sónia , Vale Costa Liliana
Published: January 2021

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Ritual Process and Symbolic Transformation in Cultural Landscapes of Proto-Urban Bactria
Authors: Ionesov Vladimir I.
Published: January 2021

The focus of this discussion is a recent book on the Bronze Age Proto-Bactrian culture of Southern Uzbekistan. I dare say that there are some books that inspire us to study monuments, and there are some monuments that inspire us to write books. But there are some books that become scientific monuments themselves in documenting the archaeological artefacts in the form of texts, messages, and narratives. Among such academic works is the monograph Buston VI – the Necropolis of Fire-worshippers of Pre-urban Bactria (Samarkand: IICAS, 2016. – 634 pp. ISBN 978-9943-357-36-5), recently published by the International Institute for Central Asian Studies (IICAS).
Neo-Colonialism and alienation in African fiction: Ayi Kwei Armah’s Fragments
Authors: Osei-Nyame, Jnr Kwadwo
Published: January 2021

This article examines the themes of neo-colonialism and alienation in Ayi Kwei Armah’s novel Fragments. It contends that these are two of the most topical subjects within African existence in the contemporary era and are still very directly related to the present African predicament of a seemingly developmentally slow and retrogressing continent. Alienation and neo-colonialism are also inextricably intertwined with the whole question of nation-building and nationalism and directly linked with issues relating to African identity in the aftermath of slavery and colonialism. The discussion suggests that Ayi Kwei Armah’s engagement of the themes of neo-colonialism, alienation, nationalism and nation-building offer some very useful insights into grappling with the present African condition. Ultimately, the point is made that examining and exploring the nature and intricacies of neo-colonialism and alienation of both individuals and community through the experiences of protagonists in the fiction discussed contributes to facilitating an understanding of the project of African self-rehabilitation and reclamation, which are pursued through nation-building and nationalism and which are currently ongoing.
Ethnic undercurrent and macro-level determinants of voter participation in Ghana’s 2012 election: Implications for the 2020 national elections
Authors: Alidu Seidu Mahama , Bukari Gbensuglo Alidu
Published: January 2021

In this paper we analyze the ethnic undercurrent and macro-level determinants influencing voter participation in Ghana based on aggregate district-level data. The paper focuses on the determinants that influenced citizens’ political participation in the 2012 Presidential elections of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and their implications for the December 2020 national elections. The unique approach of this paper is that district-level aggregate data on economic characteristics compiled by the Ghana Statistical Service are synchronised with district-level national presidential election results compiled by the Electoral Commission of Ghana to ascertain the determinants of participation. The analysis is based on the concept of the “Average District Voter” which is analyzed using district-level census data combined with national election results. Statistical analysis was used to complementarily assess the determinants of voter participation in the Ghanaian 2012 presidential elections. The results of the analysis thus established two major points; that ethnic identification with regard to the two major ethnic groups in Ghana (i.e., the Asantes and the Ewes) has clearly influenced voter turnout, and second, that worsening socio-economic conditions played a role in voter turnout in the 2012 presidential elections and these issues will ultimately determine the winner of the 2020 national elections.
A New Testate Amoeba, Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov. (Silicofilosea: Incertae sedis Euglyphida) from Lake Shore Sand of Northern Japan
Authors: Aoki Yoshiyuki , Sogame Yoichiro , Wanner Manfred , Mazei Yuri , Shimano Satoshi D.
Published: January 2021

A new species of a testate amoeba, Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov., is described from Ogawara pond, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. This is the third species in the genus Matsakision. Matsakision ogawaraensis sp. nov. is distinguished from two other species by the specific form of the shell in apertural view, which is triangular (the shells of other species are circular or elliptic). In addition, it has a chitinous lip around the aperture. For the first time, long needle-like pseudopodia have been observed.
Chemia Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego
Authors: Lichocka Halina
Published: January 2021

The chemistry of Jędrzej Śniadecki In Poland, Jędrzej Śniadecki was a continuator and one of the promoters of the French school of chemistry, initiated by the works of Antoine Lavoisier. Śniadecki came into contact with the foundations of this school, which included a new definition of the chemical elements, the principle of mass conservation and the oxygen theory of combustion, while still studying at the university in Kraków. His later studies at European universities and his knowledge of the most recent literature ultimately channelled his views on chemistry. This was reflected in Śniadecki’s academic publications, in particular in his textbook: Początki chemii: stosownie do teraźniejszego tey umiejętności stanu dla pożytku uczniów i słuchaczów ułożony y za wzór lekcyi akademickich służyć mające (The Beginnings of Chemistry: Composed in Accordance with the Current State of This Skill for the Benefit of Students and Auditors to Be Used as a Model for Academic Classes) Vilnius, 1800. It was the first original chemistry textbook in the Polish language. The author used his own chemical terminology, modelled after the new French terminology. The Polish systemic chemical terminology, which conveyed information about the type and composition of a given substance, had been introduced by Śniadecki three years earlier, during his lectures at Vilnius University. The names proposed by Śniadecki caught on and were used in Poland for several decades. Jędrzej Śniadecki’s original contribution to global science was his theory that explained the phenomenon of life and the interdependencies between matter in the animate and inanimate world. This theory, published in the years 1804–1811, in Warsaw in three parts, was translated into German and French. The Polish edition was entitled Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego medycyny doktora Teoria jestestw organicznych ( Theory of Organic Beings by Jędrzej Śniadecki, Medical Doctor). The first part was of great significance for the development of organic chemistry. When this work is compared with later publications by Justus Liebig, it can be shown that Śniadecki’s views had an impact on the writings of this German scholar.
Szable w kontekście badań nad bronią dawną – przyczynek do dziejów bronioznawstwa polskiego
Authors: Chramiec Mateusz
Published: January 2021

Sabres in the context of research on historical weapons – a contribution to the history of Polish hoplology This article is an attempt to provide a comprehensive view on the history of hoplology in relation to the most popular type of weapon used in the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the sabre. The research history addresses the issue of modern weapons, which is motivated by the emergence of various types of sabre at that time. Research on old weapons, inspired primarily by collectors, museologists and members of academia, traditionally uses a range of methods developed by history, art history, archaeology and art restoration. Such research can also enter the field of sociology and cultural studies, provided that we take into account the fact that weapons, sabres in particular, symbolized social standing. The variety of issues, which are generally confined to the above mentioned concepts, also translates into the historiographic sphere. Because of that, it may be surprising that Polish literature on historical weapons only dates back to the second half of the 19th century. However, collectors had shown interest in military items much earlier. The first part of the article presents the most important private collections of weapons from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, with particular focus on the almost entirely preserved collection of Izabela Czartoryska, who founded the first museum in Poland. This layout is the starting point for presenting academic interest in military items, divided into the pre- and post-war periods.
„Porachowanie z Panem Auszpurczaninem”. Specyfikacje kosztów wykonania złotej figury Matki Boskiej z Dzieciątkiem i argenteriów z fundacji Jana Wawrzyńca Wodzickiego dla kościoła Mariackiego w Krakowie oraz historia tych zabytków
Authors: Frontczak Beata
Published: January 2021

“Getting even with Mr. Augsburgian”. Cost estimates for making the silverware and gold statue of Madonna and Child by Jan Wawrzyniec Wodzicki and donated to Saint Mary’s Basilica in Kraków Until 1794, silverware and gold statue of Madonna and Child funded as a votive offering for blessings received by Jan Warzyniec Wodzicki, the Deputy Cup-bearer of Warsaw, was kept in Saint Mary’s Basilica in Kraków. Wodzicki donated several items to his parish church: in 1690 he made a gift of six altar candlesticks, in 1692 a gold statue of a Madonna and Child on a gilt silver pedestal and a pair of kneeling angels on pedestals identical to the pedestal of the Madonna statue, and on 12 July 1694 a five-piece silver antependium. In the Archive of the Wodzicki Family from Kościelniki, kept in the Ossolineum Library in Wrocław, the author of this article has found two cost estimates for making the above mentioned silverware, except for the antependium, issued in Warsaw on 9 May 1694 by Rad & Hößlin, a trading house from Augsburg. Christopher von Rad I and Bartholomäus Hößlin (Hösslin), jewellers and goldsmiths from Augsburg, established their company in 1690. The documents found by the author are the first ones to confirm that the above mentioned jewellers from Augsburg operated in Poland. The first cost estimate (Annex I) tells us that Wodzicki gave 1,100 ducats (1,114 Augsburg ducats) for the figure of Madonna and Child. The labour cost of both figures, a case and a travelling bag was 559 imperial thalers and 11 kreutzers (the cost of a wax model and forming the body out of gold sheet cost 35 imperial thalers, whereas the repoussage of the body cost 498 imperial thalers and 11 kreutzers). In accordance with the second specification (Annex II), the goldsmith was paid 1,847 imperial thalers and 30 kreutzers for the candlesticks. The labour cost of making two statues of angels on pedestals was 536 imperial thalers and 22½kreutzers, whereas making the pedestal for the statue of the Madonna and Child cost 182 imperial thalers and 78 kreutzers. The cost estimate of the silver antependium for the main altar has not survived. The inventory of Saint Mary’s Basilica in Kraków shows that the five-piece antependium weighed 206 grzywnas (ancient Polish measure of weight) and cost 14,856 tymf (Polish silver coins). The works were most probably the result of one workshop, and were perhaps by Abraham II Drentwett (1647–1729), a goldsmith, wax sculptor and draughtsman from Augsburg. During the Kościuszko Uprising in 1794, the above mentioned silverware, except for the statues of angels, were taken from the treasury of the basilica by the Order Committee established by Tadeusz Kościuszko and melted down to support the uprising. In 1807, the two statues of angels funded by Wodzicki were sold to goldsmiths from Kraków.
The Physics Cabinet of the University of Padua. At the crossroads between Veneto and Europe
Authors: Marcon Fanny , Peruzzi Giulio , Talas Sofia
Published: January 2021

At the beginning of the eighteenth century, new lectures in natural philosophy based on direct and immediate demonstrations began to spread through Europe. Within this context, a chair of experimental philosophy was created at the University of Padua in 1738, and the new professor, Giovanni Poleni, established a Cabinet of Physics, which became very well known in eighteenth-century Europe. In the following two centuries, Poleni’s successors continued to acquire thousands of instruments used for teaching and research, which today are held at the Museum of the History of Physics of the University of Padua. The present paper describes the main peculiarities of the collection, comprising instruments from the Renaissance to the twentieth century. We also discuss the current acquisition policy of the museum, aimed at collecting material evidence of the research and teaching activities in physics that are carried out in Padua today. We will outline both the local peculiarities of the collection and its international dimension, based on the contacts that have been established throughout the centuries between Padua and the international scientific community. Some aspects of the circulation of scientific knowledge in Europe and beyond will thus also emerge.
Between an object and a tale: Strategies of local narratives construction in semi-peripheral museums
Authors: Porczyński Dominik , Vargova Lenka
Published: January 2021

The primary aim of this article is to single out and interpret the processes of constructing images of locality in regional museums in the Podkarpackie Province and in the Košice Region, as well as to indicate phenomena which affect these processes. We are interested primarily in discussing individual components of legacy (local, national, material, immaterial, etc.) and using them to build a sense of identity in museum visitors. Relying on the principles of the new museology: “protect –examine –inform”, we focus on the last of these spheres, which refers directly to the practice of creating meanings that engage both museologists and the public. When we single out the field of research, we position the subject of our inquiry in the context of the theory of globalisation, which means that we regard the specified areas as peripheral within semi-peripheral countries. This specification of the field is supposed to help us determine whether local museums in Central Europe still function within the framework of the traditional (modernist) paradigm or whether they have fully or partially implemented the principles of the “new museology”. In the course of the analysis, we show that the process of constructing locality is a matter of control over legacy and its interpretations. However, it is not an action which depends solely on a museologist, who has to deal with time pressure and the availability and completeness of a collection when creating his or her narrative. It means that in reference to educational museum activities, we should rather talk about multiple images of locality, the construction of which is affected by various factors. The material was gathered from in-depth interviews conducted in selected Polish and Slovak museums, thanks to which this article reflects primarily the museologists’perspective on the problems in question.
Plany ścieżki muzealnej Uniwersytetu Medycznego we Wrocławiu
Authors: Pluta Dominika , Król Magdalena , Dobosz Tadeusz
Published: January 2021

Plans for the museum path of the Medical University in Wrocław People have always been interested in discovering their past and seeking answers to their existential questions. Therefore institutions like museums, which collect exhibits related to the history and development of humans, have been known since antiquity. However, museology today has changed and is no longer confined to establishments related to popular fields like painting, sculpture and archaeology. Nowadays, there are also museums dedicated to medical sciences, which present the history of humanity in the sphere of its biological development. The Medical University in Wrocław can boast of several such establishments, although so far they have been treated as separate institutions. For this reason, the idea was created to combine them all into a single museum route, and to make it available to a broader visitor base. Thanks to this, people can view items from old and modern medicine practice located in many different sites, allowing them to deepen their knowledge and expand their interests. To make it easier for visitors to navigate through such a diverse complex, a special museum path has been created, along with a description of each location.
Mokre preparaty muzealne – konserwacja i receptury
Authors: Pluta Dominika , Siuta Jędrzej , Czerbak Mikołaj Jan , Dobosz Tadeusz
Published: January 2021

Wet museum exhibits – conservation and recipes Due to the uniqueness of wet museum exhibits, there is often a shortage of adequately trained people to carry out conservation work in museum units. Unfortunately, in many cases, the museum exhibits require immediate work. There is usually a visible loss of preservative fluid, or no fluid at all if it has evaporated. Moreover, chipped lids and damaged jars frequently occur. Some exhibit labels are damaged or torn off. Some items have been exhibited incorrectly, but when they are transferred to a new vessel or the fluid is replaced, they gain added value. Although there is a great need for conservation work, many museologists fail to carry it out. A significant problem is the absence of unified conservation procedures or guidelines which could be applied for these types of cases. This paper includes conservation formulas and recipes used at the Molecular Techniques Unit. The authors of this paper hope that it will be helpful to all those who deal with preserving wet museum exhibits.
Autoportret z antybohaterką. Negatywne postacie kobiece w powieściach o studentkach
Authors: Górny Justyna
Published: January 2021

Self-portrait with an Anti-heroine. Women as Negative Figures in the Novels about Female University Students The article discusses the relations between protagonists and episodic figures on the pages of late 19th and early 20th century novels thematising female students. As shown in the analysis, episodic characters, most of all those with negative attributes, are most informative in the context of the novel’s discursive and ideological underpinnings. Besides, negative episodic characters contrast with the idealised protagonists. The transfer of negative features onto the episodic figures turns them into vehicles of social criticism. Their contrast to the protagonists is instrumental in placing the novel inbetween the utopia and critique, creating both a fairytale and literary representation of oppression.
Missionary Action of the Orthodox Church among Greek Catholics in the Recovered Territories as Part of the Religious Policy of the State in the People’s Republic of Poland
Authors: Dudra Stefan
Published: January 2021

The aim of the article is to analyze the missionary action of the Orthodox Church undertaken among Greek Catholics in the Recovered Territories of Poland following World War II. As a result of “Operation Vistula” the Orthodox and Greek Catholic population was settled in the Recovered Territories. As a result of the communist policy implemented by the communist authorities, the Orthodox Church took action to provide religious care to Greek Catholics. This policy was aimed at significantly weakening the Greek Catholic Church. It was also hoped that it would be liquidated. Despite the attempts made, the Greek Catholics preserved their identity, and after 1956 they began the process of building their own parish structure.
Zgromadzenia zakonne we współczesnym protestantyzmie. Zarys problematyki na przykładzie żeńskiej wspólnoty z Grandchamp
Authors: Grzywacz Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

Christian Orders in Contemporary Protestantism. Outline of the Problem on the Example of the Female Community from Grandchamp The article concentrates on the renewal of monastic life in the European evangelical churches after 1945. The Reformation, initiated by the speech of Martin Luther (1483–1546), brought about great changes in this respect, questioning the current principles of the presence of the monk’s life in the Christian community. Criticism of religious life, formulated by the father of the Wittenberg Reformation, was undertaken by both Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531) and John Calvin. Until the 19th century, monasticism had not seen rehabilitation of the churches that emerged in the wake of the Reformation. This did not mean, however, that it was completely forgotten. Due to renewal movements, including radical Pietism, which in the 17th and 18th centuries became popular in Protestant Europe, monastic issues returned. Eminent figures in the history of Christianity were discovered. Their world of faith and personal experience was mediated through community life, based on prayer rules and practices known since the time of the original church. At the same time in France, Germany and England a return to the abandoned ways of implementing Christian life began. The article analyses the inspiring community of Grandchamp to indicate the way tradition in the churches deriving from the Reformation has been discovered and re-read.
Everything in Its Right Place: A Study on the Field of Ritual in a Gauḍīẏa Vaiṣṇava Temple
Authors: Huspeková Tereza
Published: January 2021

The focus of this article is on the spatial aspect of the daily temple rites of Gauḍīẏa Vaiṣṇavism. The study is a contribution to theoretical reflection on rituals and their role within religious systems. Studies on rituals as multi-media entities have tended to concentrate on “visible”aspects of ritual such as objects, actors or symbols, while ritual space has often been neglected. However, in this essay, I would like to show that ritual space may operate as an interactive “field of ritual,”which structures the conduct of practitioners and is subsequently structured by them. The text is modelled as an interpretative case-study grounded in field research performed in a Gauḍīẏa Vaiṣṇava temple in Kolkata. The goal of the article is to develop a theoretical approach appropriate for this particular set of data which, nevertheless, could serve as an inspiration for theorizing in analogical cases.
Komunikacja wizualna w nauce o zarządzaniu na przykładzie posteru naukowego
Authors: Caban-Piaskowska Katarzyna , Chmielewski Łukasz
Published: January 2021

Visual communication in management science based on the example of scientific poster The article describes the essence of visual communication and the tools for its design, including the reason for addressing these issues in management sciences. The scientific poster is presented as an example of the use of visual communication presents. The results of research on critical analysis of the literature in the field of management and applied arts, including graphics and related sciences covering issues related to visual communication design, were presented. The research shows that in the literature on scientific posters there are publications which only describe the correct substantive structure, i.e. the content, and when it comes to the issues of visual communication (tools), they are very inaccurate and unreliable, or even misleading.
Muzeum i nowe media. Rozwój oferty cyfrowej w czasie pandemii
Authors: Gaweł Łukasz
Published: January 2021

Museum and new media. Development of the digital offer in the time of the pandemic This article outlines the results of studies analysing the activity of museums around the world during the period of limited cultural activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of these unprecedented circumstances, virtually all activities of museums have been transferred to the digital reality of the Internet and premised on the functionalities offered by the new media. Even though the existence of relationships between museums and the media is not a new development, its intensity during the pandemic reached unprecedented levels. Furthermore, during the pandemic, there emerged new types of services offered by museums, and they will likely remain a permanent fixture of their offer. Notably, such a broadened offer significantly increases the educational potential of museums and directly relates to the demand for lifelong learning.
Kulisy rosyjskiej polityki wobec Republiki Czeczenii i jej konsekwencje
Authors: Szklarski Artur
Published: January 2021

The Backstage of the Russian Policy towards the Chechen Republic and its Consequences The Russians lost the First Chechen War. Russia’s federal security service (FSB) organised kidnappings of western citizens to change the real image of the Chechen people in Russia and the West. The FSB agent Adam Deniyev founded the first Wahhabi organisation in Chechnya. Shamil Basayev, who collaborated with Russia’s military intelligence Service (GRU), carried out a series of terrorist attacks in Russia. Gradually, the Chechen national liberation movement was transformed into a jihadist movement. The FSB carried out the infamous bomb attacks in Russia, which, together with Basayev’s land offensive in Dagestan, became the reason for starting the Second Chechen War, won by the Russians. After the attack on the president of Chechnya Akhmad Kadyrov, power was taken over by his son, the dictator Ramzan Kadyrov, who is still ruling today, and is Vladimir Putin’s right-hand man in the North Caucasus.
Transformacja społeczna i polityczna w Niderlandach w latach 1967–1971
Authors: Zweiffel Łukasz
Published: January 2021

Social and Political Transformation in the Netherlands in 1967–1971 The author deals with the subject of social and political transformation that took place in the Netherlands at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. This was a key transformation for the existence of the now tolerant and open Netherlands. It entailed permanent changes, not only in the cultural and social spheres, but also reflected in Dutch politics.
Inne niż członkowskie statusy uczestnictwa w organizacji międzynarodowej – studium prawnomiędzynarodowe
Authors: Kubas Sabina
Published: January 2021

Other than Membership Statuses of Participation in International Organisations Today, the status of international organisations no longer raises much controversy and is so deeply rooted that their activities are often the subject of separate analyses, included in the framework of the law of international organisations as an independent scientific discipline. With their tasks they even enter areas previously reserved only for states. Common tasks for a given international organisation are implemented once membership status is obtained. This status may be full, and therefore based on the full rights and obligations of a given entity. It may also be incomplete, and thus somewhat limited, where these rights are not vested in that entity as a whole but still give the opportunity to cooperate with an international organization and implement its statutory objectives.
Media we Francji w kontekście czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej Klausa Schwaba. Wybrana problematyka
Authors: Gajlewicz-Korab Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

The media in France in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution by Klaus Schwab. Selected issues The article describes transformation of the French media in the context of Fourth Industrial Revolution by Klaus Schwab. The focus of the article is on technological, social and cultural issues. Analyzed changes have an impact on evolution of the media system on an unprecedented scale. They determine not only the media market landscape, but also the entire mindset of the French. On the other hand, social and cultural factors can slow down the progress in the media sector.
Rynek prasy kobiecej we Francji w XXI wieku. Charakterystyka na podstawie wybranych tytułów – wstęp do badań
Authors: Walkowiak Natalia
Published: January 2021

Women’s press market in France in 21st century based on selected titles. Introduction to research Reading magazines is still one of the favourite activities of French society. Despite the general decline in press readership, they have a relatively stable market position. Women’s press, which is a huge segment of the magazine market, deserve a special attention. There are both exclusive and fashion magazines as well as tip magazines, which show French women how to live, dress, cook, raise children or make money. These types of magazines achieve such high sale, that many information newspapers (such as “Le Figaro”) have decided to create women’s addition to the newspaper to increase their entire print – run. The women’s press is also attractive for advertisers, because many global companies in the clothing or cosmetics industry are from France. It all makes up the magazines addressed to the female customer are still an attractive sector of the media market, bringing profits to their owners and constituting an important source of knowledge for their readers.
Rynek prasy drukowanej w Turcji w latach 2012–2020
Authors: Nowosad Andrzej , Turanli Umit , Grigoriva Margreta
Published: January 2021

Press market in Turkey in 2012–2020 In this paper, we analyse the press market in Turkey between 2012 and 2020. We focus on the change in the ownership structure and ownership networks of media groups, the decline in newspaper and magazine readership, and the socio-political factors which led to the collapse of independent media in Turkey: protests in Istanbul in 2013 and the failed coup in 2016, corruption.
Komunikowanie lokalnej instytucji kultury na przykładzie Elbląskiego Towarzystwa Kulturalnego w Elblągu
Authors: Lusińska Anna
Published: January 2021

Communicating a local cultural institution on the example of Elbląg Cultural Society in Elbląg The article joins the discussion on marketing communication of Polish cultural institutions that are also public benefit organizations. The aim of the article is to identify and analyse selected forms and tools used by the Elbląg Cultural Association – a Public Benefit Organization in Elbląg to communicate with the local community and an assessment of this communication. Research methods such as face-to-face interview, case study, desk research and participant observation were used. Research has shown that the majority of Polish local cultural institutions conduct marketing communication in an inept manner, without preparation, without a strategy of action, implementing most often broadly defined Internet promotion. The Elbląg Cultural Association communicates correctly, in a well-planned and efficiently organized manner with its local community. Using various communication tools, it implements many cultural projects, informing the public about them well in advance. It does not remain indifferent to comments and ideas obtained in the form of feedback from participants of cultural events.
The fourth power? Women in media and in the journalistic profession – equality contexts
Authors: Balczyńska-Kosman Alina
Published: January 2021

Starting from the mid-nineteenth century, along with technological progress and the pursuit of equality between women and men, the processes of feminization of the press market has intensified. The issue of gender equality and the separation of powers in the media sector is closely related to the activity of women in the public sphere. These days, despite the apparent equality in the media of mass communication, the participation of women in the key decision-making processes in the media, or their presence on the boards of media companies, remains lower than in the case of men. This paper deals with the concept of ”the fourth power”, relating it to the contemporary journalistic activity of women. The article spotlights the diverse dimensions of women’s activities in the media and their real impact on the audience. In conclusion, the need for equal participation of women and men in media communication processes was accentuated.
Wizerunek starszych konsumentów – wstępne wyniki badań empirycznych studentów kierunków ekonomicznych
Authors: Bałandynowicz-Panfil Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

The image of older consumers in the opinion of students of economic studies – preliminary results of empirical research The image of elderly changes much slower than the actual meaning of older people in societies. Highly rooted stereotypes persist in the general consciousness, what limits opportunities arising from the aging process in both social and economic dimensions. An example of this is the belief that the older consumers are less attractive to the market of goods and services. To verify this thesis, the results of the research on the image of older consumers among economic students were analysed. As future managers and people responsible for shaping a company’s market policy, students should have a properly shaped image of older consumers. Conclusions: (1) the stereotypical image of the older consumer among students is maintained, (2) still a high degree of discrepancy between the consciousness of the border age of older consumers and those depicted by their image and purchasing behaviour.
Religious behaviors as form of cultural identification. The case of Polish circular migrants in Iceland
Authors: Dziekońska Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

The problem under investigation in this text is the role of religious celebrations and practices in the mobile livelihoods of Polish circular migrants in Iceland. The phenomenon is discussed on the basis of qualitative research conducted among the migrants. The study participants are 18 men who work in a 2/2 rotation system for an Icelandic company. The basic findings of the case study analysis show that religious holidays and celebrations are important points of reference in circular migrants’ work calendar as they help to arrange their schedule to meet work and family responsibilities. They go through Sunday rituals like they do at home. Living their lives according to the Polish Catholic calendar migrants celebrate their national identities and better understand their relation to the host society even if their migration is not a permanent one. The implications of the study are also that religious celebrations have great social and cultural significance for circular migrants.
Polish return migrants. Analysis of selected decision-making processes
Authors: Kijonka Justyna , Żak Monika
Published: January 2021

The scale and size of post-accession migration of Poles, especially to the British Isles, was surprising not only for the Polish side. The countries that opened their labour markets for the citizens of the new member states also failed to predict such a massive inflow of Polish nationals. Returning to the home country, however, does not get as much media attention as emigrating. This type of migration was not the subject of such heated discussions and analyses as emigration. The objective of the article is to sociologically describe the re-emigrants and answer questions concerning the motives for emigrating and returning, as well as how the emigration decision is assessed in retrospect. The paper is based on in-depth interviews conducted with individuals who had emigrated from Poland following the enlargement of the European Union and decided to return to their home country after a few years. Importantly, in order to detect readaptation problems, the respondents were selected from amongst those remigrants who had already been living in Poland for one to three years. The article shall present the results of these studies and the classifications of emigration, returns and remigrants.
Support Online: Case of Russian-speaking Women’s Online Network in Warsaw
Authors: Homel Kseniya
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this paper is to study the mechanisms of online networking and exchange of social support among members of a migrant virtual group of Russian-speaking women in Poland on Facebook. The research was based on content analysis and non-participant observation during two weeks in November and December 2019. I also had two online conversations with the moderator of the group based on a prepared list of questions. It appeared, that members of the group used networking to improve communication on a wide range of issues. Conversations available online provide insight on how migration determines daily issues and social life but also as a source of socially-reproducing precarity. Informality as a social model of inter-group relations prevails among members of the Russian-speaking community. Four main types of social support emerged from communication on the forum – informational, instrumental, emotional and community building. Russian-speaking women use Facebook group to share information, empower each other, boost self-esteem and find companionship. The findings allow to consider the role of the online group as a complementary mechanism for adaptation and improvement of well-being of migrants in Poland.
Regulacje prawa polskiego mające znaczenie dla działalności archiwalnej
Authors: Konstankiewicz Marek
Published: January 2021

Provisions of Polish law of significance to archival activities Legal provisions significantly affect archival activities, including the state of preservation and availability of archival materials. This article presents the provisions of generally applicable law in Poland as of 1 September 2020, taking into account provisions directly related to the structure of archival institutions, the protection of archival materials and the processes of shaping, developing and sharing of archival resources. These provisions can be found in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the Act on National Archive Resources and Archives of 1983 with secondary legislation, a range of other acts and secondary legislation to them, numerous international agreements and legal acts of the EU. It is particularly interesting that there is an increase in the number of regulations which treat archives together with other cultural assets, which locate the activities of archives in the area of general access to information. A major challenge is the dispersion of these norms across many legal acts, as well as frequent and fragmentary amendments to them. Some areas of legal regulations require more in-depth research, especially in terms of their actual impact on the activities of archives. This reflection may be useful in methodological discussions, educating archive staff at all levels and formulating proposals for legislative amendments.
Próba likwidacji statusu „archiwów państwowych wyodrębnionych” w projekcie ustawy – Prawo archiwalne z 1995 r.
Authors: Borysiuk Piotr
Published: January 2021

An attempt to remove the status of “separated state archives” in the bill on archives 1995 The objective of the article is to present the processing of the Bill on Archives of 1995 by focusing on the removal of the “separated state archive” status (currently “separated archives”), especially in the context of the resistance of the Ministry of the Interior. The conflict was related to an issue that was especially important at the time: the introduction of non-ministry supervision and control over separated archives, especially archives of the department of the interior (including special services), by the General Director for Polish Archives. The study shows the scale and the dynamics of the cross-institutional dispute, which involved the Ministry of Education and the Head Office of State Archives on one side and the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of National Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the other. Ultimately, despite attempts at mediation within the Office of the Council of Ministers and the Social and Political Committee of the Council of Ministers, no compromise was reached and the bill was never enacted. The study also identifies the dissents, related in particular to homeland security, between the circles representing national archives and the environment of the separated archives, and presents how they perceived each other.