bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF THE VAT REVERSE-CHARGE MECHANISM ON THE CASH FLOWS OF CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Kútna Angelika , Gyurián Norbert , Šeben Zoltán
Published: November 2018

In 2015, the Slovak Parliament adopted the Law on Amendments to the Law on Value-Added Tax. This law came into force on January 1, 2016. One of the most significant changes was the introduction of a reverse-charge for the provision of construction works. A government statement of its positive influence on the business environment is inconsistent with the two-year experience in the building sector. The main goal of this paper is to establish the reason for the practical effects of the value-added tax reverse-charge mechanism on the construction companies. The hypothesis is that the negative effect on the cash flows of the construction companies increases ‘opportunity costs’ connected to excessive deductions. The paper focuses on evaluating and quantifying such an effect. It presents a comparison of the conditions before and after the adoption of the Act. No. 222/2004 Coll., as amended in 2016 and includes factors that influence costs and cash flows of construction companies. It but does not consider factors related to turnover and the economic situation.  The reverse-charge mechanism affects the total of tax owing, the total deductible tax, the total excessive deduction, and the construction companies’ cash flows. In this study, the data from the information system of the Slovak Republic, under the condition of anonymity, are analyzed for the period 2014–2017. The effect of the value-added tax is quantified by way of financial interest expenses. These expenses depend on time limits for the excessive deduction, total of tax owing, and on the excessive deduction amount. Indicators of ‘Financial Burden 1’ and ‘Financial Burden 2’ are calculated. The results show that the Law on Amendments of Value Added Tax has significantly affected the constructions companies since January 2016. The reverse-charge system has not changed the delay in excessive deduction payments to the taxpayer’s bank account. It has changed the amount of excessive deduction expressed through money and the total tax owing. Based on the study results, this change markedly affects the financial burden of construction companies and provides an ‘opportunity cost’ Value Added Tax payers‘ construction company.
SIMULATION OF NON-LINEAR CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCE DYNAMIC ON VERTICAL RIGID GYRO ROTOR RESONANT OSCILLATIONS
Authors: Iskakov Zharilkassin
Published: November 2018

The influence of viscous linear and cubic nonlinear damping of an elastic support on the resonance oscillations of a vertical rigid gyroscopic unbalanced rotor is investigated. Simulation results show that linear and cubic non-linear damping can significantly dampen the main harmonic resonant peak. In non-resonant areas where the speed is higher than the critical speed, the cubic non-linear damping can slightly dampen rotor vibration amplitude in contrast to linear damping. If linear or cubic non-linear damping increase in resonant area significantly kills capacity for absolute motion, then they have little or no influence on the capacity for absolute motion in non-resonant areas. The simulation results can be successfully used to create passive vibration isolators used in rotor machines vibration damping, including gyroscopic ones.
SODICIDADE E SALINIDADE DE SOLO SUBMETIDO À FERTIRRIGAÇÃO COM ESGOTO BRUTO APLICADO EM SULCOS FECHADOS
Authors: Araújo Marques Marcus Vinícius , Teixeira de Matos Antonio , Pinheiro da Silva Diogo André , Ribeiro Silvério Thiago Henrique
Published: November 2018

O conhecimento de possíveis alterações na sodicidade e salinidade do solo, após fertirrigação com esgoto sanitário bruto (EB) por meio de sulcos fechados, são de suma importância no que se refere à operação desta prática agrícola. O objetivo deste trabalho foi monitorar a sodicidade e a salinidade em solo submetido à fertirrigação com EB, com alternância do sentido de escoamento em sulcos fechados. Para que isso fosse possível, foram estabelecidos 4 tratamentos, sendo o esgoto doméstico disposto com alternância ou não na posição de aplicação nos sulcos, com complementação das necessidades hídricas da cultura com água da rede de abastecimento. Além de duas testemunhas, nas quais as parcelas experimentais receberam adubação química convencional e irrigação com água de abastecimento, sendo realizada amostragem do solo com 26 semanas de operação, com coletas ao longo do comprimento dos sulcos e em profundidade (0-0,2, 0,2-0,4 e 0,4-0,6m). Os resultados demonstraram que a adubação convencional proporcionou capacidade similar de salinização do solo (expressa pela condutividade elétrica), contudo, o solo das parcelas experimentais que receberam EB apresentou sinais de lixiviação do sódio, independente da alternância ou não na posição de aplicação do esgoto doméstico.
‘Professionally we’re definitely in this together’
Authors: Petley Julian
Published: November 2018

In early April 2016, the websites Byline and openDemocracy published a number of articles alleging that the Culture Secretary, John Whittingdale, had been involved in a liaison with a prostitute. Remarkably, given most British national newspapers’ obsession with sex scandals, the national press not only refused to pick up the story but also attacked Byline and openDemocracy for running it, arguing that it was not in the public interest. Byline and openDemocracy responded that the nationals had refused to run the story because they did not want to harm Whittingdale, who was known not to be in favour of putting the recommendations of the Leveson Inquiry into practice. The nationals hit back by accusing Byline and openDemocracy, which supported Leveson, of trying to undermine Whittingdale and so improve the chances of the Leveson recommendations being adopted. But in the course of this extremely bitter battle between different sections of the news media, it soon became apparent that the nationals had in fact been sitting on not only the prostitute story but a number of other scandals as well concerning Whittingdale. This article will utilize the Whittingdale controversy to argue that most of the British national press puts serving its own interests far above serving the public interest, that it will use every means at its disposal to thwart the creation of the kind of system of press self-regulation proposed by the Leveson Inquiry and that it is far too deeply enmeshed in the political system, and in particular, with Conservative interests, to be considered as a Fourth Estate of the realm.
‘Disruption’ in UK journalism education? A study of narratives of resilience
Authors: Steel John
Published: November 2018

This article examines the narratives of journalism relevant to journalism education from the perspective of those who ‘do’ journalism education in the United Kingdom. It draws on interviews with twelve individuals between 2006 and 2016 from within two distinct groups, both of which share a professional interest in journalism education: journalism educators with the UK Higher Education (HE) sector and former practicing journalists from within the industry who have a particular interest in journalism education, either as employers or as trainers within the industry. Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory and Carlson’s theory of metajournalistic discourse the interviews highlight what Mensing describes as ‘industry-centred journalism education’ as being particularly resilient in the English HE sector. Despite reflexive notions of ‘digital disruption’ from within centres of journalism education, the practice-driven, industry-orientated approach to journalism education remains remarkably resilient over time.
Repairing a fractured field: Dynamics of collaboration, normalization and appropriation at intersections of newswork
Authors: Eldridge II Scott A.
Published: November 2018

New patterns of journalistic endeavour have altered the ways in which news and information reach the public, with new technologies enabling new types of journalistic actors to produce news both on their own and in collaborative arrangements with traditional journalists. From these intersections, new questions for understanding journalism amid change ask whether we are facing a fractured or more consolidated journalistic field. This article explores intersections of traditional and emergent news actors as disruptions to the dominant vision of the field. It shows the treatment of autonomous work of digital interlopers in news texts as reinforcing prevailing views of journalism by invoking traditional information authority and paradigmatic news-source relationships. Using field theory and analysis of narratives of journalistic roles in news texts to support its thesis, this article looks at reactions to the emergence of two independent news actors – WikiLeaks and ProPublica – representing distinct approaches to newswork born of a digital age. In its conclusion, this article outlines the initial framework for an ‘appropriation thesis’ that extends paradigm repair in instances when new journalistic actors’ newswork is subsumed under traditional routines, thereby muting narratives of a heterogeneous field that would contradict the field’s dominant vision and authority.
The erasure of female representation in geek spaces as an element for the construction of Geek identity: The case of Warhammer 40.000
Authors: Muñoz-Guerado Alejandro , Triviño-Cabrera Laura
Published: November 2018

In the following article we aim to depict the complex threefold relationship between the phenomenon of the second digital divide that plagues women inside entertainment spaces, the theoretical framework of post-sexism and the construction of Geek identity as a besieged, discriminated space. Our purpose is to highlight how the construction of Geek identity was based on both the exclusion of women from geek spaces and the creation of a melodramatical narrative surrounding such spaces. We do so through the analysis of gender representation within the popular Warhammer 40.000 game. Results show a perfect example of a women-excluding setting, packed with gender representation problems that is trying, as of late, to distance itself from such baggage, taking steps to redefine what it means to be a Warhammer 40.000 fan.
The four board game eras: Making sense of board gaming’s past
Authors: Donovan Tristan
Published: November 2018

The history of board games stretches back into pre-history presenting a challenge for examining the full sweep of the medium’s past. In response this article suggests a way of dividing board gaming’s past into four broad phases or eras. These eras are defined by primarily by shifts in production processes rather than game design choices or player tastes. Drivers of each era discussed include intellectual property law, mass-scale printing, plastics and online developments such as crowdfunding. Examples of what games align with which era are given. The article also explores the relationship between video games and board games. The strong influence of board games on early video games is explored as is the question of why relatively few ideas transfer from video games back into board games.
Future Story Chasers: An experience with co-creation of fiction in the classroom through a collaborative storytelling game
Authors: Roig Antoni , Pires de Sá Fernanda , Cornelio Gemma San
Published: November 2018

In this article, we will outline the co-design process of the Future Story Chasers storytelling game methodology. Future Story Chasers is a research project aimed at fostering the collective creation of stories based on a common fictional premise. A first experience was carried out in late 2017 in three primary and secondary schools in Barcelona, with approximately 200 participants from three different age groups and diverse social backgrounds. Previously, a co-design process was carried out to establish the grounds for the narrative and game experience, with a twofolded aim: to nurture adaptive storytelling strategies through a broadly defined fictional universe set in a near future; and to stimulate reflection around social issues, meaningful for the participants, through fiction and creativity. We will focus on the design process of the board game that served as the starting point for the experience and the challenges for the overall research methodology.
Metaphysical revolt in the face of faith, examined through the play Insular: A contemporary Australian context
Authors: Doran Robert
Published: November 2018

Metaphysical revolt arises from conscious awareness of the divorce between the experience of life and the emptiness of reason for it. To explore this, the play Insular is situated within the philosophical framework of Albert Camus’ approach of atheistic absurdism. The first part of this volume is an exegesis of qualitative practice-led research that applies a hybrid methodology of performative, bricolage and hermeneutic praxes. It includes a literary review of Islam, tragicomedy, metaphysics and Camus. This study demonstrates distinct correlations in applying tragicomedy to investigate the experience of the absurd in a twenty-first century Australian context with theatrical conventions of Brecht’s twentieth-century Epic Theatre. The creative practice of writing the play Insular (the second part of this volume), explores metaphysical revolt through framing a tragicomic narrative around experiences of an Australian Muslim character living in a contemporary Australian context. This volume undertakes a comparative examination of the contrast between the concepts of the ideal of God and hegemonic corruptions of versions of the ideal by all too human societal and theological practices.
Macronutrient contents in rose crops under salinity levels and nitrogen:potassium ratios
Authors: Da Silva Everaldo Moreira , Souza Lima Carlos José Gonçalves , De Miranda Jarbas Honorio , Ribeiro Aureliano Albuquerque , Duarte Sérgio Nascimento
Published: November 2018

Rose crops under fertigation in a protected environment is an alternative for production increase. However, the high dosages of fertilizers can lead to the salinization of soils in this environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity caused by the excess of fertilizer application through fertigation associated with different nitrogen: potassium (N: K) ratios on macronutrient contents in rose crops. The study was performed in a randomized block design, arranged in a factorial scheme (5 x 3 + 1), with four repetitions, totaling 64 plots. The treatments were formed by combination of five initial levels of electrical conductivity (EC: 1.2; 2.3; 3.3; 4.3 e 5.5 dS m-1), three nitrogen: potassium (N: K) ratios (2:1; 1:2 and 1:3) and a control with N: K ratio (1: 1). Contents of N, K, Ca, Mg and S were evaluated in the stem, leaves and flowers. The levels of N, K, P, Ca and Mg in plant tissues are affected by the treatments at 245 days after transplanting. Leaves presented the highest levels of macronutrients, mainly nitrogen. TDR probe is a satisfactory tool in the management of fertigation.
Irrigation and organic and mineral fertilization in sunflower crop
Authors: Gomes Krishna Ribeiro , Viana Thales Vinícius De Araújo , Sousa Geocleber Gomes de , Costa Fellype Rodrigo Barroso , Azevedo Benito Moreira de
Published: November 2018

The amount of available water to certain crops can play a direct influence on the expected effect of the application of fertilizers, whether mineral or organic origin. Thus, this work was performed in order to evaluate the effects of the application of different irrigation depths and organic and mineral fertilizers in the development and production of sunflower plants in Ceará state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in full sun in pots containing Alfisol, in a completely randomized experimental design with a 5 x 3 factorial, five irrigation depths (L1 = 50%, L2 = 75%, L3 = 100%, L4 and L5 = 125% = 150% of the Class-A Tank evaporation ECA) and three fertilizations (F1 = organic, using aerobic fermentation of Bovine biofertilizer, F2 = mineral fertilizers, NPK-based and F3 = control without an addition of fertilizers with five replications. At 65 days after sowing (DAS), the following characteristics were analyzed: number of leaves, stem diameter, and plant height. In the maximum development of achenes (about 90 DAS), the plants were harvested to determine the head diameter, dry mass of 1000 seeds, dry mass of sunflower head, seed dry mass and crop yield. The different depths applied causing a significant effect in all the sunflower crop yield parameters being as low as the effect of the applied lower depth. The application of biofertilizers in plants provided increments similar to those provided by the application of mineral fertilizers in stem diameter, dry mass of the sunflower head, the head diameter and seed dry mass under different irrigation depths. Since most applied irrigation depth (150% of the ECA), combined with the mineral fertilizer and bovine biofertilizer provided higher results in sunflower production.
Infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv.viticola under temperature increase and carbon dioxide concentrations
Authors: Conceição Jaime Luiz Albuquerque , ANGELOTTI FRANCISLENE , Peixoto Ana Rosa , Ghini Raquel
Published: November 2018

The experiments were carried out under controlled conditions to evaluate the impact of increased temperature and concentration of carbon dioxide on infection of Xanthomonas campestris pv viticola, the causal agent of bacterial canker in Vine seedlings. It proceeded the evaluation of the following epidemiological components: incubation period (PI), severity (SEV) and using that data were calculated the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). It used grape seedlings (Italia, Crimson Seedless, Sugraone and Selection 8) inoculated with bacterial suspension (108 CFU mL-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial arrangement 4x4 (cultivar x temperature) and 4x2 (cultivar x carbon dioxide concentration) which was carried out twice. The data were subjected to variance analysis. Increasing temperature reduced bacterium’s incubation period with significant differences between genotypes. For Selection 8 and Crimson temperature increase caused enhancement on severity and AUDPC. For Seleção 8 the incubation period (PI) was extended from 7.93 to 30.18 days when the concentration changed from 390 to 770 µmol/mol. The increased CO2 concentration reduced AACPSD and SEV for Sugraone and Selection 8. The results show that the temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration of the air may have different effects on bacterial canker of grapevine.
Fitness costs of susceptible and resistant radish biotypes to ALS-inhibitor herbicides
Authors: Cechin Joanei , Vargas Leandro , Agostinetto Dirceu , Zimmer Vinicius , Pertile Mariane , Dal Magro Taisa
Published: November 2018

Radish is an important weed that causes yield reduction in winter crops in southern Brazil. The control chemical of radish is an important and essential step to prevent damage on crops. However the intensive use of ALS-inhibitors herbicides favors the selection resistant biotypes. The selection can influence the adaptive traits of biotypes with physiological changes and growth variables and plant reproduction. The objective of the study was compare the fitness costs of susceptible and resistant radish biotypes to ALS-inhibitors herbicides. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse using completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were arranged in factorial arrangement corresponding to susceptible and resistant biotypes (B1 and B4) and nine sampling times (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 126 days after emergency), respectively. The variables evaluated were plant height, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, leaf area, growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, number of siliques and seeds produced per plant. The results showed that the resistant biotype (B4) had no fitness costs when compared to the susceptible biotype (B1).
Growth and yield of lettuce cultivars under organic fertilization and different environments
Authors: Silva Alisson Franco Torres da , Avelino Rodrigo Cirqueira , Brito Leonardo Pereira da Silva , Anjos João Carlos Rocha dos , Silva Júnior José Valdenor da , Beckmann-Cavalcante Márkilla Zunete
Published: November 2018

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a leafy vegetable that could be grown under mineral or organic fertilizing, being also very influenced by environmental conditions. This study evaluated the growth and yield of lettuce cultivars submitted to different doses of organic fertilization and environmental conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Sector of the Campus Cinobelina Elvas, at the Federal University of Piauí (CPCE/UFPI), Brazil. The experimental was carried out in a completely randomized block design, with the treatments distributed in split-split-plot, according to cultivation systems in the plots (with 50% of shading and outdoor cultivation), organic fertilization rates in subplots (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t ha-1) and lettuce cultivars in the sub-subplots (‘Delícia’, ‘Babá de Verão’ and ‘Itapuã 401’) with three repetitions and with eighteen plants per experimental unity and four useful plants per plot. Plant height, number of leaves, head circumference, stem length, leaf area, leaves chlorophyll content, commercial fresh mass, shoot dry matter and lettuce yield were evaluated. For the conditions in which the present study was carried out, the use of doses of organic fertilization with cattle manure influenced lettuce growth and yield using 50% of shading and is also suggested the use of the cultivars ‘Delícia’ and ‘Babá de Verão’, in a protected environment (50% of shade).
Rootstock influencing the quality and biogenic amines content on Syrah tropical wines
Authors: Resende Nassur Rita de Cássia Mirela , Pereira Giuliano Elias , Glória Maria Beatriz Abreu , Lima Luiz Carlos Oliveira
Published: November 2018

The São Francisco Valley, in Brazil, is a region with harvest of grapes more than once a year due to the peculiar climate condition, being important to evaluate new agronomic variables for the vines and elucidade its influence on wine quality and nutritional compounds. Syrah vines grafted on different rootstocks (IAC-313 and Paulsen 1103) were cultivated in semi-arid conditions in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, and the quality of the wine was evaluated for color, sugars, acidity, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and the presence and contents of eight biogenic amines by HPLC (putrescine (PUT) dihydrochloride, spermidine (SPD) trihydrochloride, spermine (SPM) tetrahydrochloride, agmatine (AGM) sulfate, cadaverine (CAD) dihydrochloride, serotonine (SRT) hydrochloride, histamine (HIM) dihydrochloride, tyramine (TYM), tryptamine (TRM) and 2-phenylethylamine (PHM) dihydrochloride). For total sugars, color and antocyanins content in the evaluated wines, no effect from the rootstock was observed. For the wine produced with grapes from Syrah wines grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, was observed the presence of putrescine, agmatine and phenylethylamine with the contents of 8.04, 0.15 and 0.22 µg mL-¹, respectively. The use of the rootstock IAC-313 on Syrah vines at the São Francisco Valley semi-arid conditions, Brazil, resulted in wines with a statistical lower pH and soluble solid contents and higher antioxidant activity and phenolic contents, with only the presence of putrescine of the studied biogenic amines.
Production of phosphate biofertilizer through composting and vermicomposting process
Authors: Guimarães Ricardo Neves , Damin Virgínia , Fernandes Paulo Marçal , Leandro Wilson Mozena , De Melo Aniela Pilar Campos , Rosa Juliano Queiroz Santana
Published: November 2018

The production of organic mineral fertilizers enriched with natural phosphates may increase the solubility of phosphorus, minimizing the dependence of acidulated phosphate fertilizers. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the bioavailability of nutrients due to the incorporation of phosphate sources through vermicomposting and composting. It was used a completely randomized design in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with five replicates and four sources of P (1 - Ammonium single superphosphate, 2 - Itafós phosphate, 3 - Araxá phosphate and 4 - termophosphate) and three methods of phosphorus sources addition in the production of organo-mineral fertilizer process: 1 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the beginning of the vermicomposting process (VPB), 2 - Vermicompost produced adding the P sources at the end of the vermicomposting process (VPE) and 3 - Compound, non-vermicomposting, produced with addition of the P sources at the beginning of the composting process (CP). The addition of Araxá or Itafós natural phosphate in composting or after vermicomposting process leads to the production of an organo-mineral fertilizer with good availability of nutrients, such as calcium and phosphorus.
Production components, grain yield and water use efficiency of irrigated cowpea
Authors: Irene Filho João , Andrade Júnior Aderson Soares de , Ferreira José Orlando Piauilino , Blanco Flávio Favaro , Cardoso Milton José
Published: November 2018

Cowpea cultivars, which are indicated for irrigated cropping, are recommended without proper assessment of their productive potential and water use efficiency in response to water regimes in the soil from different production environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production components, the yield performance and the efficiency of water use of cowpea cultivars in response to the application of irrigation depths under the soil and climate conditions of Bom Jesus, PI. The experiment was performed from June to August 2011 in a soil classified as sandy-textured Fluvic Neosol. The study was conducted in a randomized blocks design, with four replicates. The treatments were arranged in subdivided plots (irrigation depths in plots and cultivars in subplots). The cultivars BRS Aracê (semi-prostrate) and BRS Tumucumaque (semi-erect) were submitted to five irrigation depths (108.2, 214.7, 287.9, 426.1 and 527.7 mm). The number of pods per plant and the weight of one hundred grains are the main components related to grain yield. The cultivar BRS Tumucumaque presented a better yield performance (1697.2 kg ha-1) than the cultivar BRS Aracê (1233.8 kg ha-1), with the application of the irrigation depths of 527.7 and 522.4 mm, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (0.420 kg m-3) is obtained with the application of the irrigation depth of 108.2 mm in both cultivars.
Enzyme production by soil filamentous fungi under solid-state fermentation in banana stalk
Authors: Castro Pires dos Santos Fernanda , Barbosa Cunha Joice Raísa , Do val de Assis Fábia Giovana , Lopes Leal Patrícia
Published: November 2018

The adequate disposal of agricultural waste is one of the major concerns of public officials and a research challenge to obtain sustainable solutions to the problem. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the banana leaf stalk use as substrate in solid-state fermentation (SSF) for production of amylolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by Penicillium spp. LEMI A11 strain grown under different substrate concentrations, pH and temperature. Effects of different pH conditions (5.0 and 6.0), temperature (30 and 35 °C) and substrate concentration 70 and 90% (in relation to the final volume) of the fermentation were evaluated over 120 hours of fermentation. The results indicated that Penicillium spp. LEMI A11 was able to use the banana stalk as substrate under SSF. The maximum activities for amylase dextraining, amylase saccharifying and CMCase were 0.18; 0.13 and 04 U.g-1, respectively. The effect of environmental factors related to the substrate concentration was significant for saccharifying amylase and CMCase activity only. The interaction between the environmental factors tested was significant for the dextrinizing amylase activity only. It was verified enzyme activity reduction after 96 hours of fermentation for all enzymes. It concluded that banana stalk is an alternative carbon source to be used in SSF for enzyme production by of Penicillium spp. LEMI A11.
Ethylene degreening treatment of ‘Ponkan’ tangerine in the north of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Authors: Dos Santos da Costa Marcio Gama , Chamhum Salomão Luiz Carlos , Lopes de Siqueira Dalmo , Cecon Paulo Roberto , Fernandes Aquino César , Rosa de Lins Leila Cristina , Ribeiro Alves Robson
Published: November 2018

The objective of the study was to elucidate the best combination of ethylene dose and exposure time aiming the degreening of ‘Ponkan’ tangerines. Fruits harvested with fully green peel were placed in airtight boxes, exposed during 24, 48 and 96 h to ethylene gas at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 µL L-1, at a temperature of 20 ± 1°C and 90 ± 5% of relative humidity. On every 24 h the fruits were evaluated for color, Hue angle, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the peel, solutes leakage, soluble solids, titrable acidity, CO2 production and fresh fruit weight loss. The degreening was more pronounced in fruits exposed to ethylene for 96 h, independently the concentration. The electrolytes leakage peel increased linearly in fruit-control and those exposed to ethylene for 24 h. In fruits treated for 48 and 96 h, electrolyte leakage was observed only during ethylene exposure. The accumulated fresh mass loss did not exceeded 1% in the fruits. The ethylene dose did not affected the fruit respiratory behavior. The best combination aiming fruit degreening was the exposure during 96 h with 5 μL L-1 of ethylene, followed by 48 to 72 hours of storage after treatment.
Edaphic attributes and loss of soil and nutrients according to the management systems for horticultural crops
Authors: Freitas de Souza José  Mário Piratello , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha dos , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Guareschi Roni Fernandes , Gaia-Gomes João Henrique
Published: November 2018

The effects of conventional tillage (CT), level cultivation (LC), minimum cultivation (MC) and a plot without a cover crop (WC) in the contents of soil nutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg), total organic carbon (TOC), bulk density (Bd), soil water infiltration rate (BIR) and losses of TOC and nutrients (P and K) by erosion were evaluated in areas with the cultivation of horticultural crops. Wischmeier plots were installed in an Oxisol with 30% of slope. Soil samples were collected at 0.0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m depths to physical and chemical characterization. The WC plot reduces soil SWIR values and lead to a higher losses soil, TOC and macronutrients (Ca, P, Mg and K). The CT resulted in higher losses of soil, TOC, P and K by erosion, contributing to reduce the TOC, P, Ca, Mg and SWIR of the soil. The MC was the most indicated management, since it helps to reduce losses of soil, TOC, P and K by erosion, and increase the TOC, BIR, P, K, Ca and Mg of the soil. The LC when compared to the CT reduces the losses of soil TOC, P and K by erosion, and increase the BIR values.
Susceptibility of pear cultivars to entomosporiosis
Authors: Marchi Thiago , Ribeiro Oliari Ires Cristina , Oliveira Anna Claudia , Maia Aline José , Piva Rafael , Vasconcelos Botelho Renato
Published: November 2018

The entomosporiosis is considered a major disease of pear in Brazil, one of the most responsible for premature defoliation in plants. The objective of this study was to characterize the susceptibility of pear tree cultivars Housui, Cascatense, Packam’s Triumph and Rocha for the intensity of leaf spot entomosporiosis. The experiment was conducted at the experimental orchard of the State University of the Midwest (Unicentro), Paraná State, Guarapuava County, Brazil during the 2013/2014 season. The incidence and severity were monitored during 77 days from the beginning of the symptoms in 25 leaves of 8 plants per cultivar. With these data the following variables were calculated: early onset of symptoms (EOS), maximum incidence and severity (Imax and Smax) and the Area Under the Incidence Progress Curve (AUIPC) and Severity (AUSPC). In addition, the data were checked for severity and the best adjustments for the monomolecular, logistic and exponential models were tested. From these results it is clear that all the studied cultivars are susceptible to leaf spot entomosporiosis, however, Housui pear cultivar presented higher endurance while Rocha and Cascatense cultivars presented greater susceptibility to this disease.
Initial development of Physalis seedlings in substrates and containers
Authors: Villa Fabíola , Silva Daniel Fernandes da , Peron Thiago Augusto , Mezzalira Éder Junior
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Physalis peruviana and Physalis pubescens in containers and substrates, as well as the growth of transplanted P. pubescens seedlings into different containers and substrates. It was used for transplanting experiment (E1) plastic bags, disposable plastic glasses and plastic tubes containing four substrates: oxisol; commercial substrate; commercial substrate + fine washed sand; and commercial substrate + oxisol + fine washed sand. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E2) it was used polystyrene and polypropylene trays, both with 200 cells containing two substrates: vermiculite + commercial substrate and vermiculite + oxisol. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E3), it was used polystyrene trays with 128 and 200 cells and plastic tubes containing four substrates: commercial substrate, oxisol, fine washed sand, oxisol + fine washed sand and oxisol + fine washed sand + commercial substrate. The experimental design used in E1, E2 and E3 was randomized blocks in factorial 3x4, 2x2, and 3x5, respectively, containing 4 replicates and 10 plants per plot. The use of commercial substrate Húmus Fértil® for P. pubescens seedlings transplanted from seedbed to containers such as plastic glasses or plastic bags provides better seedling growth. For Physalis peruviana, better results are verified in the use of polypropylene tubes containing washed fine sand + commercial substrate Húmus Fértil® + oxisol or washed fine sand + oxisol. Better results for formation of P. pubescens seedlings were verified by using expanded polystyrene trays containing oxisol + vermiculite mixture.
Survival and establishment in field of mangaba seedlings transplanted at different ages
Authors: Santos Marcos Paulo dos , Siqueira Ana Paula Silva , Garcia Lismaíra Gonçalves Caixeta , Vasconcelos Luís Henrique Costa , Souza Eli Regina Barboza de
Published: November 2018

The propagation of mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) occurs mainly by seeds, a lower cost method that guarantees genotypic diversity. The great barrier is the lack of knowledge of the proper transplanting time of these seedlings. This way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the development of mangaba seedlings transplanted at different ages during the summer in Goiânia, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, with two mangaba subspecies (gardneri and cuiabenses) and four transplanting ages [45, 60, 75 and 90 days after sowing (DAS)], with four replications. Before transplanting, a destructive analysis was carried out on three plants of each subspecies to determine the biometric characteristics as a function of seedling age. The field evaluations initiated at120 DAS, evaluating monthly the seedling survival (%), plant height, stem diameter and number of live leaves per plant until 210 DAS. The biometric characteristics were not affected by the mangaba subspecies. The plant survival decreased linearly throughout the experimental period, regardless of the subspecies. The interaction age transplanting x DAS showed that at 210 DAS the seedlings transplanted later presented greater growth in height and number of live leaves. Regardless of the subspecies, the mangaba presents limitations for establishment in the field, and it is recommended the transplantio of seedlings with 90 days of age.
Development And Grain Quality Of Soybean Cultivars Treated With Pyraclostrobin And Biostimulant
Authors: Machado Fellipe Goulart , Menezes Carlos César Evangelista , Campos Gabriela Wilk Baião , Takano Hudson Kagueyama , Oliveira Jr Rubem Silvério de , Braz Guilherme Braga Pereira
Published: November 2018

Products with physiological effects on plants to optimize agricultural production is increasingly used; they can change the development of plants and the chemical characteristics of seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of soybean cultivars and the protein and oil contents of soybean grains after treatment with pyraclostrobin and biostimulant. The experiment was carried out with soybean crops without irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with five replications, using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of three cultivars of different maturation times (very early, M6952IPRO; early M7739IPRO; and medium, ST797IPRO), and three treatments with products that cause physiological effects (control, pyraclostrobin, and control + biostimulant). The pod, leaf, and stem dry weights, number of pods, 100-grain weight, grain yield, and oil and protein contents of the soybean plants were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The effects of the products used (pyraclostrobin and biostimulant) vary according to the cultivar and may increase the soybean leaf and pod dry weights, and grain protein contents.
Biochemical alterations of red rice cultivated at soil water levels and organomineral fertilization
Authors: Dutra Katia Otilia Gomes , Irineu Toni Halan da Silva , Véras Mário Leno Martins , Figueredo Janailson Pereira de , Silva Josimar Nogueora da , Andrade Raimundo , Meneses Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadelha
Published: November 2018

Red rice is cultivated mainly by small farmers in the northeastern region of Brazil, a region characterized by water scarcity, that is why studies like those are needed aiming to save water without undermining crop cultivation. In this context, the objective was to evaluate in the red rice crop with application of silicon and biofertilizer: soil water levels, growth, productivity and biochemical parameters. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the State University of Paraíba, in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha-PB. The design was completely randomized, in the factorial arrangement 4 x 2 x 2, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four levels of water in the soil (70, 80, 90 and 100%), with silicon and without silicon application, with biofertilizer and without biofertilizer application. Rice responded significantly to available water levels in the soil for all variables studied. Silicon and biofertilizer contributed to a better tolerance of rice to water stress. Organomineral fertilization increased the concentrations of the Proline, Glycine betaine and Trehalose osmoregulators. The lowest availability of water provided an increasement in the red rice osmoregulators concentration, that act as a plants protector against cell damages.
Soil fauna changes across Atlantic Forest succession
Authors: Correia Maria Elizabeth Fernandes , Camara Rodrigo , Ferreira Claudia Reis , Resende Alexander Silva , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha dos , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: November 2018

The soil fauna can be used as a bioindicator of soil quality and ecosystem functioning. The present study aimed to assess the effect of the Atlantic Forest secondary succession on the structure and composition of the soil fauna community in Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro. We selected five areas along a gradient of forest succession: pasture (PA) and four forest fragments (FF1, FF2, FF3, FF4), which are in a toposequence. Thus, we divided the areas in upper, middle and lower thirds and delimitated a transect (20 m) in each third. In the dry season 2010, a metalic square (0.25 m x 0.25 m) was released in five points spaced 5 m apart, in each transect. The soil fauna was manually captured on samples of the litter standing stock and blocks of the topsoil (0.00-0.10 m), circumscribed to the square, in the forest fragments. In PA, we colected only the topsoil blocks. The complexity of the structure and composition of the soil fauna community increased in the topsoil and litter standing stock, along the successional gradient. However, the similarity among the areas was much greater in the litter standing stock, in comparison to the topsoil.
Safflower genotypes submitted to soil density levels
Authors: Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , Paludo Juliana Tertezinha Sasso , Silva Tonny José Araújo da , Fenner William , Zanotto Maurício Dutra
Published: November 2018

It is essential to have knowledge of changes in soil structure, as a result of agricultural use and its relationship with crop development, especially those with potential for use in new regions, such as the cultivation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in the Cerrado. In view of this dynamics, the objective was to evaluate the phytometric components of safflower genotypes submitted to levels of soil densities in Cerrado Oxisol. Ten safflower genotypes were then submitted to compaction (five densities: 1.0, 1, 2, 1.4, and 1.8 Mg m-3) in a completely randomized design with four replications under greenhouse conditions. The plots consisted of an overlap of three rings of polyvinylidene chloride of 0.01 m height each, and the treatments were applied in the intermediate layer. The phytometric components (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter) and shoot dry mass of the crop were evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. There was no significant interaction between safflower genotypes and soil densities, with the effects being isolated for genotypes and/or densities when significant. For the phytometric characteristics evaluated, the genotypes PI250196, PI301049, PI305173, and PI305205 are more stable about the variations of soil density in comparison to the others. The phytometric components and dry mass of safflower shoot are impaired from the mean density of 1.2 Mg m-3.
Growth of cut roses under application of products with physiological effects
Authors: Almeida Higor Mcarter Senra , Sabino João Henrique Ferreira , Silva Maria de Lourdes Neres da , Freitas Victoria Jéssica Galvão de , Ramos Anamaria Ribeiro Pereira , Beckmann-Cavalcante Márkilla Zunete
Published: November 2018

The cultivation of cut roses can be compromised when cultivated in regions where climatic conditions are limiting for their adequate growth and development, so it is necessary to use appropriate technologies and inputs for their production. The application of products that promote physiological changes in the plant, such as fungicides or plant regulators might be viable technologies for rose production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of cv. Carola under application of products with physiological effects cultivated in the Valley of the submedium São Francisco. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 6 factorial design, with 6 products with physiological action (control - application of water, boscalid, pyraclostrobin, boscalid + pyraclostrobin, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin and plant growth regulator) and 6 periods of analysis (40, 68, 124, 180, 236 and 292 days after transplantation, DAT) with four replicas of 12 plants each. Throughout the dates were evaluated the number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, dry mass of leaves, stems, flowering branches, total dry mass, production of stems per plant and the biomass partition. There were significant differences for all variables studied except for the production of stems per plant. Regarding the biomass partition, a variation of values among applied products was observed over time, however, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin and the growth regulator presented a balance among the dry mass of leaves, stem and flowering branches. The application of products belonging to the group of strobilurins as well as growth regulators is promising for the cultivation of cut roses in the semiarid.
Induction of callus and adventitious shoots on epicotyl and hypocotyl segments of cumaru (Dipteryx odorata)
Authors: Sampaio Paulo Tarso Barbosa , Jardim Lyana Silva , Blind Ariel Dotto , Bruno Flavio Mauro Souza
Published: November 2018

Somatic embryogenesis from callus induced in epicotyl and hypocotyl segments can be viable native species in order to better -benefit ratio costs, and rates of clonal multiplication. In this sense, two trials were established to induce callus and adventitious buds on hypocotyl and epicotyl segments of cumaru bean seedlings germinated in vitro in different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. At first, we used the MS medium supplementwith ANA (0.0, 1.5 mg.L-1) and TDZ (0.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg.L-1) distributed in factorial 2 x 3 x 2 (x auxin cytokinin x explant) with eight replications. In the second, it was used the WPM medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg L-1) and plus 2,4-D (2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) in a factorial 2 x 2 (auxin x explant) with 15 repetitions each. They were evaluating callus formation and the average number of adventitious shoots during the period of 90 days. The results indicated that the highest average for callus formation was observed when the explants were subjected to concentrations of 8.0 mg L-1 TDZ combined with 1.5 mg L-1 ANA in MS medium. For the formation of buds, the WPM medium plus 2.0 mg L-1 2,4-D in the second experiment, induced higher number of shoots, being significant the use of auxin, and its interaction with the type of explant.
Sources and doses of organic substrates in the production of tamarind rootstock
Authors: Costa Jose Maria , Pereira Eduardo Castro , Camara Francisco Mickael , Mendonça Vander , Farias Wagner , MENDONÇA Luciana
Published: November 2018

In order to evaluate the performance of different organic sources, the composition of the substrate to produce rootstocks of tamarind and nutritional status, an experiment was carried out in the seedling nursery at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Mossoró, RN. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a 3x4 factorial design with four replications. The first factor consisted of three organic sources (bovine manure, goat manure and commercial organic compound) and the second factor of four ratios of these sources (0, 20, 40 and 60% v v-1) mixed with soil. As a control was used only soil were 12 treatments with 10 plants per plot, totaling 480 plants. Morphological and nutritional characteristics were evaluated. The goat manure source provided the best results for the evaluated morphological characteristics. The proportion of 40% of organic matter, regardless of the organic source added to the substrate, favored the better development of tamarind seedlings.