bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Class of Minimization Problems Lacking Lower Semicontinuity
Authors: Han Shaoning , Cui Ying , Pang Jong-Shi
Published: August 2024

The minimization of nonlower semicontinuous functions is a difficult topic that has been minimally studied. Among such functions is a Heaviside composite function that is the composition of a Heaviside function with a possibly nonsmooth multivariate function. Unifying a statistical estimation problem with hierarchical selection of variables and a sample average approximation of composite chance constrained stochastic programs, a Heaviside composite optimization problem is one whose objective and constraints are defined by sums of possibly nonlinear multiples of such composite functions. Via a pulled-out formulation, a pseudostationarity concept for a feasible point was introduced in an earlier work as a necessary condition for a local minimizer of a Heaviside composite optimization problem. The present paper extends this previous study in several directions: (a) showing that pseudostationarity is implied by (and thus, weaker than) a sharper subdifferential-based stationarity condition that we term epistationarity; (b) introducing a set-theoretic sufficient condition, which we term a local convexity-like property, under which an epistationary point of a possibly nonlower semicontinuous optimization problem is a local minimizer; (c) providing several classes of Heaviside composite functions satisfying this local convexity-like property; (d) extending the epigraphical formulation of a nonnegative multiple of a Heaviside composite function to a lifted formulation for arbitrarily signed multiples of the Heaviside composite function, based on which we show that an epistationary solution of the given Heaviside composite program with broad classes of B-differentiable component functions can in principle be approximately computed by surrogation methods.

Funding: The work of Y. Cui was based on research supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants CCF-2153352, DMS-2309729, and CCF-2416172] and the National Institutes of Health [Grant 1R01CA287413-01]. The work of J.-S. Pang was based on research supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-22-1-0045].
Sharia Banking Efficiency in Developing Countries
Authors: Fuddin Muhammad Khoirul , Wulandari Niken Hesty , Suyono Nur Shabrina Rahmahsari , Adawiah Robiatul
Published: August 2024

Several decades ago, the 1998 financial crisis in ASEAN developing countries had a limited impact on the performance of sharia banking due to its adherence to principles of transparency and fairness in its operations, allowing it to sustain growth under various conditions. This study examines the effect of CAR, ROA, and FDR on the efficiency of Islamic banking in developing countries, specifically the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Kuwait, and Qatar. Employing quantitative methods and panel data regression analysis, the findings reveal that CAR does not have a significant individual effect on Sharia banking efficiency, whereas FDR and ROA significantly enhance banking efficiency. This research contributes valuable insights into the role of these financial ratios in shaping the efficiency of Islamic banks in developing countries, providing practical implications for policymakers and banking professionals aiming to improve sharia banking performance.
Dietary interventions in autism: a critical appraisal and commentary on the findings of a systematic review
Authors: Woods Sharleen , Doherty Alison , Hill James Edward
Published: August 2024

An estimated 1% of the global population is believed to be autistic. Clinical focus is often on interventions that target social functioning, sensory processing and communication. Dietary interventions are often explored as a means of targeting these core symptoms. However, research findings are often inconclusive due to small sample sizes. This commentary article critically examines a meta-analysis focused on dietary interventions, including omega-3, vitamins and other supplements, in the management of autism. It evaluates the studies' findings and contextualises its implications for clinical nursing practice.
Proxy Responses in Research on COVID-19 Among People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lineberry Sarah , Bogenschutz Matthew , Broda Michael
Published: August 2024

Researchers and advocates have long called for improved research methods that better include people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), but challenges to doing so persist. Proxy responses are frequently used to circumvent some of these challenges, but may not fully capture the perspectives of people with IDD. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the possibility of consequences due to a lack of research about health outcomes for people with IDD, with documented disproportionate impact but little understanding about specific experiences for people with IDD. Using exploratory graph analysis (EGA) we explored the use of proxy responses on the COVID-19 Supplement of the National Core Indicators In-Person Survey. Findings suggest significant differences in response patterns between people who answered independently, via proxy, and with a mix of response types beyond what would be expected due to demographic differences in participants.
Perceptions of the Implementation of Women's Rights in Post-Genocide Rwanda
Authors: King Régine Uwibereyeho
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In 1994 an estimated 800,000 people of Rwanda, the majority Tutsi, were murdered in a state-sponsored genocide. Women suffered disproportionately. When the genocide ended, more than 70 percent of the Rwandan population was female and 50 percent of all households were headed by women. Despite their woundedness, women stepped up to rebuild a new Rwanda in which gender equality and women's rights were negotiated. The government of Rwanda recognized their efforts and used the international agreements of the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals to integrate gender equality and women's rights into its Vision 2020 strategy. Questions arise about how these rights have been implemented and translated into day-to-day lives of ordinary Rwandans, specifically women. This paper presents the results of a qualitative pilot study that sought to explore how Rwandans understand women's rights and their implementation at the community level. A total of 37 women and men (32 and 5 respectively) contributed to focus groups and individual interview data. The findings indicate that women possess capacities to spearhead socioeconomic projects when they have strong and supportive social networks, modern infrastructure with accessible technology, and good governance. Rwandan women are also a heterogenous group with varying needs. Gender diverse women, such as poor single mothers and 2SLGBTQIA+ persons may need specific laws and policies to protect their rights as marginalized groups. The support and role modeling of other women may specifically be useful with rural women to overcome intersecting and persistent inequities. Implications for each of these findings are discussed for policy, research, and practice.
Addiction, Autonomy, and Self-Insight
Authors: Maiese Michelle
Published: August 2024

Theorists commonly maintain that addiction involves compulsion or diminished self-control. Some enactivist theorists have conceptualized this disruption to autonomous agency in terms of embodied habits that become overly rigid, so that an agent enacts this pattern of behavior even in circumstances that call for the activation of a very different set of habits. What is more, because addiction crowds out other goals and priorities, agents may become more one-dimensional and begin to lose a hold on values and commitments that are important to them. Rather than engaging in self-regulation to balance competing priorities and gain a better understanding of how different aspects of their identity relate to one another, agent’s lives become dominated by addictive behavior. I argue that enactivist notions of habit and self-equilibration can help to make sense of how the disruptions to autonomous agency characteristic of addiction are linked to diminished self-insight.
Using TiO2 to capture hot electrons for self-powered position-sensitive photodetection
Authors: Zheng Diyuan , Deng Wenhao , Duan Zhiyong , Dong Lin , Dong Xinyuan
Published: August 2024

As environmental issues arise, the demand for self-powered
position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) is increasing because of their
advantages in miniaturization and low power consumption. Finding
higher efficiency schemes for energy conversion is paramount for
realizing high-performance self-powered PSDs. Here, a surface
plasmon-based approach was used to improve the energy conversion
efficiency, and a plasmon-enhanced lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE)
was observed in PSD with TiO2/Au nanorods (NRs)/Si
structure. The Au NRs convert absorbed light energy into electricity
by generating hot electrons, which are efficiently captured by the
TiO2 layer, and the PSD is capable of generating position
sensitivity as high as 251.75 mV/mm when illuminated by a 780 nm laser
without any external power supply, i.e. about five times higher than
similar sensors in previous studies. In addition, the position
sensitivity can be tailored by the thickness of TiO2 films.
The enhancement mechanism is investigated by a localized surface
plasmon (LSP)-driven carrier diffusion model. These findings reveal an
important strategy for high sensitivity and low energy cost PSDs while
opening up new avenues for energy harvesting self-powered position
sensors.
Difficulty with mobility among the aged in Ghana: Evidence from Wave 2 of the World Health Organization’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health
Authors: Boakye Kingsley , Aidoo Antoinette Ama , Aliyu Mohammed , Boateng Daniel , Nakua Emmanuel Kweku
Published: August 2024

Background

Globally, the population is rapidly ageing, stemming from a recent decline in mortality, and an increase in life expectancy. About 727 million people globally were aged ≥65 in 2020, and 1 in 6 people will be ≥65 years by 2050. About 7% of Ghana’s population was over 60 years in 2010, and projected to be 12% by 2050. However, the aged are confronted with degenerative conditions that translate into difficulty with mobility. The study was conducted to investigate the difficulty with mobility among the aged in Ghana.

Methods

The study utilised a cross-sectional dataset of the 2014/2015 (wave 2) Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health and included 1,856 participants aged ≥50 years. The survey command was applied to adjust for sampling biases and the design of the study. At 5% alpha level, a chi-square test of independence was conducted to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. At 95% confidence interval and 5% alpha level, three-level multilevel logistic regression models were performed. The fixed-effects were presented in odds ratio and the random effects were presented using the Intra-Class Correlation. All analysis were performed using STATA statistical software version 16.0.

Results

Out of the 1,856 participants, 40.3% had difficulty with mobility. Additionally, age (80 and above) [AOR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.78–5.22], self-reported poor/bad health status [AOR = 2.39, 95%CI = 1.35–4.23], having severe/extreme difficulty performing household activities [AOR = 25.12, 95%CI = 11.49–44.91], experienced severe/extreme bodily pains [AOR = 4.56, 95%CI = 2.16–9.64], severe/extreme sleep problems [AOR = 4.15, 95%CI = 1.68–10.29], and participants with difficulty with sight/vision [AOR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.16–2.10] had higher odds of difficulty with mobility.

Conclusion

The aged in Ghana had relatively higher prevalence (40.3%) of difficulty with mobility which is influenced by demographics, health status, and degeneration associated with ageing. This highlights the need to provide social support and strengthen social capital for the aged in Ghana, especially those with difficulty with vision, experiencing bodily pains and had poor health status. Additionally, the Government and stakeholders should provide assistive devices for the aged and geriatric care including recreational fields and care homes to address the health and physical needs of the aged in Ghana.
A protracted cholera outbreak in Nairobi City County accentuated by mass gathering events, Kenya, 2017
Authors: Ngere Philip , Langat Daniel , Ngere Isaac , Dawa Jeanette , Okunga Emmanuel , Nasimiyu Carolyne , Kiama Catherine , Lokamar Peter , Ngunu Carol , Makayotto Lyndah , Njenga M. Kariuki , Osoro Eric
Published: August 2024

Cholera continues to cause many outbreaks in low and middle-income countries due to inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene services. We describe a protracted cholera outbreak in Nairobi City County, Kenya in 2017. We reviewed the cholera outbreak line lists from Nairobi City County in 2017 to determine its extent and factors associated with death. A suspected case of cholera was any person aged >2 years old who had acute watery diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting, whereas a confirmed case was where Vibrio cholerae was isolated from the stool specimen. We summarized cases using means for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. Associations between admission status, sex, age, residence, time to care seeking, and outbreak settings; and cholera associated deaths were assessed using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 2,737 cholera cases reported, we analyzed 2,347 (85.7%) cases including 1,364 (58.1%) outpatients, 1,724 (73.5%) not associated with mass gathering events, 1,356 (57.8%) male and 2,202 (93.8%) aged ≥5 years, and 35 deaths (case fatality rate: 1.5%). Cases were reported from all the Sub Counties of Nairobi City County with an overall county attack rate of 50 per 100,000 people. Vibrio cholerae Ogawa serotype was isolated from 78 (34.8%) of the 224 specimens tested and all isolates were sensitive to tetracycline and levofloxacin but resistant to amikacin. The odds of cholera-related deaths was lower among outpatient cases (aOR: 0.35; [95% CI: 0.17–0.72]), age ≥5 years old (aOR: 0.21 [95% CI: 0.09–0.55]), and mass gathering events (aOR: 0.26 [95% CI: 0.07–0.91]) while threefold higher odds among male (aOR: 3.04 [95% CI: 1.30–7.13]). Nairobi City County experienced a protracted and widespread cholera outbreak with a high case fatality rate in 2017.
Identification and evaluation of deep foundation pit construction risks based on Grey-DEMATEL-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method
Authors: Hao Hu , Jian He , Peiling Liu , Cong Zhu
Published: August 2024

In recent years, foundation pit construction has been rapidly developing in the direction of deep and large-scale, leading to the frequent occurrence of construction accidents. The pit construction process is characterised by a complex environment, high construction risk, and numerous coupling effects between the construction risk factors. In this paper, 23 main accident-causing factors in foundation pit construction are determined based on the six major risk accident types. In addition, the Grey-DEMATEL-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of the risk evaluation model is introduced for better prediction and judgment of risk level, which combines the grey system theory with the method of decision-making experimental analysis, and in the case of inaccurate or incomplete information, the use of less data can achieve the evaluation results with a high degree of reliability, and it will effectively avoid the impact of the lack of information as well as the subjectivity in the process of risk evaluation. Through the Grey-DEMATEL method, the central degree value for each risk indicator factor is calculated, the coupling role and importance of each risk indicator are analysed, and the indicator weights are calculated. Based on the calculated weights, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the overall risk level. The empirical research on the deep foundation pit construction project of Haitangxi subway station in Chongqing reveals that the excessive lateral earth pressure on the pile wall is the most prominent risk factor. The overall risk level of the construction process is medium, and the risk is within the controllable range. On this basis, corresponding preventive measures can be formulated, providing a basis for risk prevention in the construction of deep foundation pit projects.
An international study to investigate and optimise the safety of discontinuing valproate in young men and women with epilepsy: Protocol
Authors: Mbizvo Gashirai K. , Martin Glen P. , Sperrin Matthew , Bonnett Laura J. , Schofield Pieta , Buchan Iain , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Marson Anthony G.
Published: August 2024

Valproate is the most effective treatment for idiopathic generalised epilepsy. Currently, its use is restricted in women of childbearing potential owing to high teratogenicity. Recent evidence extended this risk to men’s offspring, prompting recommendations to restrict use in everybody aged <55 years. This study will evaluate mortality and morbidity risks associated with valproate withdrawal by emulating a hypothetical randomised-controlled trial (called a “target trial”) using retrospective observational data. The data will be drawn from ~250m mainly US patients in the TriNetX repository and ~60m UK patients in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). These will be scanned for individuals aged 16–54 years with epilepsy and on valproate who either continued, switched to lamotrigine or levetiracetam, or discontinued valproate between 2014–2024, creating four groups. Randomisation to these groups will be emulated by baseline confounder adjustment using g-methods. Mortality and morbidity outcomes will be assessed and compared between groups over 1–10 years, employing time-to-first-event and recurrent events analyses. A causal prediction model will be developed from these data to aid in predicting the safest alternative antiseizure medications. Together, these findings will optimise informed decision-making about valproate withdrawal and alternative treatment selection, providing immediate and vital information for patients, clinicians and regulators.
“This is you teaching you:” Exploring providers’ perspectives on experiential learning and enhancing patient safety and outcomes in ketamine-assisted therapy
Authors: Argento Elena , Petker Tashia , Vig Jayesh , Robertson Cosette , Jaeger Alexandria , Necyk Candace , Thielking Paul , Walsh Zach
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study explores therapists’ perspectives on experiential learning, competencies, and training in ketamine-assisted therapy (KAT), a form of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT). We aim to understand how therapists’ personal psychedelic experiences influence their self-perceived competency and therapeutic relationships regarding KAT.

Methods

Licensed therapists from Numinus Wellness clinics in Canada and the USA who were trained in KAT were invited to participate in the study. Participation included a 60–90-minute semi-structured interview conducted remotely via secure videoconferencing. The interviews focused on the professional and personal impacts of providing KAT, its mechanisms, and the role of therapists’ personal psychedelic experiences in delivering KAT. Data analysis utilized Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and a mix of deductive and inductive coding with Nvivo software.

Results

Eight therapists (62.5% female, 37.5% male) were interviewed. All had formal training in KAT, with many also trained in other forms of PAT. All respondents endorsed the value of personal psychedelic experience for deepening understanding of clients’ experiences and strengthening the therapeutic alliance. They all also expressed a desire for formal experiential training in KAT, which they viewed as a missing element in their training. Additional themes identified included the importance of relational safety and the therapeutic container, KAT’s impact on professional development, competency, and purpose, and navigating risks and challenges in KAT, particularly with complex trauma clients.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the need for enhanced therapist training and evidence-based standardization of PAT programs that incorporate experiential learning. Such training has the potential to optimize safety and therapeutic outcomes.
Differential induction of defense genes in hexaploid wheat roots by the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei
Authors: Okubara Patricia A. , Sharpe Richard M. , Peetz Amy B. , Li Xianran , Zasada Inga A.
Published: August 2024

Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei are among the most destructive root lesion nematodes of wheat in the Pacific Northwest, United States of America and throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine whether both nematode species were similar in their ability to induce defense genes in roots of wheat genotype Scarlet, and whether a combination of both species induced a different pattern of gene induction than each species alone. The long-term aspect of the research was to identify nematode-inducible promoters for deploying defense genes in roots in breeding programs. The root transcriptomes of genotype Scarlet were obtained after a one-week infection period with each nematode species separately, or both species combined. Root defense gene expression was induced for all three treatments relative to the no-nematode control, but P. thornei affected expression to a greater extent compared to P. neglectus. The species combination induced the highest number of defense genes. This result was not predicted from nematode enumeration studies, in which P. thornei colonization was substantially lower than that of P. neglectus, and the nematode combination did not show a significant difference. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays for Dehydrin2, Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase, 1-cys-Peroxiredoxin, Pathogenesis-related protein 1 and Late embryogenesis-abundant proteins 76 and group 3 authenticated the induction observed in the transcriptome data. In addition, a near-isogenic line of Scarlet harboring genetic resistance to fungal soilborne pathogens, called Scarlet-Rz1, showed similar or higher levels of defense gene expression compared to fungus-susceptible Scarlet in qRT-PCR assays. Finally, transcriptome expression patterns revealed nematode-inducible promoters that are responsive to both P. neglectus and P. thornei.
A modified supraorbital surgical approach for enucleation- exenteration in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius): Clinical study
Authors: Marzok Mohamed , Nazih Mohamed A. , Almubarak Adel I. , . Al-thnaian Thnaian A , Alkhodair Khalid M. , Tharwat Mohamed , El-Sherif Mohamed W.
Published: August 2024

Enucleation and exenteration are widely utilized ophthalmic procedures in veterinary field. Enucleation in camels is like other large animals, typically performed under the influence of heavy sedation and loco-regional analgesia. The aim of the current study was to introduce a new surgical approach to enucleate the eye of camels through supraorbital fossa approach. for that purpose, the technique was applied to seven camels referred to the King-fisal teaching veterinary hospital for unilateral enucleation. Assessment of applicability, safety and feasibility of this technique was done. All procedures were performed in the kush (sitting) position under the influence of heavy sedation with Xylazine HCl in combination with retrobulbar nerve block. A "C" shaped skin incision was made in the skin and fascia of the supraorbital fossa to enter the orbital cavity, after which the periorbital fat was gripped, dissected and removed. Bleeding controlled by electrocautery and visible large blood vessels were ligated. After ligation the optic nerve and ophthalmic blood vessels, the eyeball was dissected sharply and freed from the orbital bony attachment. Finally, the orbital fascia and skin were sutured with simple interrupted pattern separately. The approach proved successful in all camels, with the enucleation procedure being both feasible and easily performed. The mean surgical time was approximately 46.6±12.4 minutes. The minimal occurrence of short and long-term complications was encouraging, and the cosmetic outcomes were notably improved. The supraorbital approach is a safe and effective technique for camel ophthalmic surgery, showing advantages in exposure and minimal complications. Further research is needed for validation and broader clinical applications.
Professional, scholar, or knowledge worker? Identity construction of Chinese management researchers amid the research–practice gap
Authors: Liu Shubo , Lv Mengna , Huang Qiuli , Wang Yiduo
Published: August 2024

We move beyond discussing the desirability and feasibility of bridging the research–practice gap to introducing an identity perspective to explore how Chinese management researchers make sense of the research–practice gap and what kinds of career identities are constructed. We conducted a qualitative study among 34 Chinese management researchers working at or studying for a PhD at research-oriented business schools in China. The findings show that management researchers in typical Chinese higher education institutions prefer constructing a single identity (i.e., professional, scholar, or knowledge worker identity) rather than a hybrid identity such as "academic-practitioner" as studies of their Western counterparts suggest. Moreover, before seeking and emulating role models to construct their desired career identities, researchers in China studying management reflexively search for referent groups by identifying either with a narrow disciplinary group (US mainstream management researchers or traditional intellectuals) or a broad group of knowledge workers. Furthermore, this study delineates how researchers with varying career identity narratives adopt corresponding identity work strategies (i.e., redefinition, defense, and distance) suggesting that identity work strategies do not always lead to achieving or preserving positive identity.
Virtual reality vs. Tablet video for venipuncture education in children: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lee Jiyoun , Ryu Jung-Hee , Seo Soo Hyun , Han Sunghee , Park Jin-Woo
Published: August 2024

Pediatric patients usually experience high levels of pain and distress due to venipuncture. This randomised study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality-based preprocedural education in comparison with video-based education in terms of pain and distress experienced by children scheduled to undergo venipuncture. Ninety children aged 4–8 years who were scheduled to undergo venipuncture surgery were randomly assigned to either a video or virtual reality group. Children in the video group received preprocedural education on venipuncture via a video displayed on a tablet and those in the virtual reality group received the same education via a head-mounted virtual reality display unit. The educational content for the two groups was identical. An independent assessor blinded to the group assignment observed the children’s behavior and determined their Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale scores, parental satisfaction score, procedure-related outcomes, venipuncture time, number of repeated procedures and difficulty score for the procedure. The virtual reality group experienced less pain and distress, as indicated by their Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale scores compared with the video group (5.0 [5.0–8.0] vs. 7.0 [5.0–9.0], P = 0.027). There were no significant intergroup differences in parental satisfaction scores or procedure-related outcomes. For pediatric patients scheduled to undergo venipuncture, preprocedural education via a head-mounted display for immersive virtual reality was more effective compared with video-based education via a tablet in terms of reducing pain and distress.
Evolutionary game and simulation analysis of construction waste recycling from the perspective of stakeholders
Authors: Wang Yingchen , Liu Yan , Wang Tao , Xing Xiumin , Geng Xiaoxiao
Published: August 2024

In current construction waste resource management processes, the effect of government supervision is unclear, and illegal treatment and low-quality reproduction of recycling and reprocessing enterprises by construction units are common. To improve the degree of resource utilization of construction waste and deeply explore the role of its key influencing factors, a tripartite evolutionary game model of construction waste resource treatment in which the government, construction units, and recycling and reprocessing enterprises are the research objects that considers public participation factors to be established. MATLAB is used to simulate the sensitivity of relevant parameters. The results show that: (1) An increase in government fines can regulate the behavior of enterprises; (2) Low government subsidies are conducive to the development of a tripartite stability strategy; and (3) An increase in the cost difference between the two strategies of the enterprise will weaken its willingness to carry out green operations (and after the cost difference exceeds the threshold, the enterprise will refuse to carry out green operations); (4) The reputation value brought by the public and the additional value added by reputation under the contrast effect have an incentive effect on the enterprise and the government; and (5) The peak value of the inverted U-shaped curve of government strategy choice is affected by the degree of public participation. Therefore, the government should propose rectifications in terms of fines and subsidies, and both companies can use technological innovation to reduce costs. At the same time, it is necessary to raise stakeholders’ awareness of resource utilization and encourage the public to actively participate in supervision. The research conclusions can provide a decision-making reference for improving the utilization of construction waste resources and the efficient treatment of construction waste resources.
Comparison of early and fully expanded blastocysts on pregnancy and birth outcomes in patients with fresh IVF/ICSI cycles: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pan Xiaoqin , Zhou Yuanping , Shen Liwen
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the effect of the early blastocyst on pregnancy and birth outcomes in patients in vitro fertilization/(early rescue) intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer [IVF/(early rescue)ICSI-ET] cycles.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, 289 patients with single-blastocyst transfer within IVF/(early rescue)ICSI-ET treatment cycle were included and divided into the early (n = 48, Gardner stage = 1 or 2) and the fully expanded blastocyst (n = 241, Gardner stage ≥ 3) groups. The differences in pregnancy and birth outcomes between the two groups were compared.

Results

There was no significant differences between the two groups in baseline indicators, including demographic characteristics and clinical treatment (P> 0.05).The clinical outcomes indicators in the early and the fully expanded blastocyst groups were compared, including the number of transferable embryos on the third day (D3)5.0 (4.0, 6.8) vs. 6.0 (5.0, 8.0) (P = 0.001), the number of remaining embryos frozen per cycle 1.0 (0.3, 2.0) vs. 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) (P<0.001); the number of cycles of unfrozen embryos 13/48 (27.1%) vs. 12/241 (5.0%) (P<0.001); the pregnancy outcome including the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) 20/48 (41.7%) vs. 129/241 (53.5%) (P>0.05); the live birth rate (LBR)15/48 (31.3%) vs.106/241 (44.0%) (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in birth outcomes, such as gestational week of labor, mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, height, Apgar score, sex ratio, and birth defects between the two groups (P>0.05).Multivariate binary logistic regression showed the same result, i.e., early blastocyst transfer in fresh cycle was not a risk factor for clinical pregnancy (OR = 0.516, 95% CI = 0.260–1.022) and live birth (OR = 0.521, 95% CI = 0.252–1.079).

Conclusion

Compared with the fully expanded blastocyst group, the CPR and LBR in the early blastocyst group of the fresh transfer cycles were relatively ideal, and there were no significant differences in birth outcomes and neonatal status between the two groups.
Characterization of acute effects of football competition on hamstring muscles by muscle functional MRI techniques
Authors: Mechó Sandra , Palomar-Garcia Alicia , Wong Manuel , Gallego Juan C. , López Francesc , Valle Xavier , Ruperez Ferran , Pruna Ricard , González Juan R. , Rodas Gil
Published: August 2024

Muscle functional MRI identifies changes in metabolic activity in each muscle and provides a quantitative index of muscle activation and damage. No previous studies have analyzed the hamstrings activation over a football match. This study aimed at detecting different patterns of hamstring muscles activation after a football game, and to examine inter- and intramuscular differences (proximal-middle-distal) in hamstring muscles activation using transverse relaxation time (T2)–weighted magnetic resonance images. Eleven healthy football players were recruited for this study. T2 relaxation time mapping-MRI was performed before (2 hours) and immediately after a match (on average 13 min). The T2 values of each hamstring muscle at the distal, middle, and proximal portions were measured. The primary outcome measure was the increase in T2 relaxation time value after a match. Linear mixed models were used to detect differences pre and postmatch. MRI examination showed that there was no obvious abnormality in the shape and the conventional T2 weighted signal of the hamstring muscles after a match. On the other hand, muscle functional MRI T2 analysis revealed that T2 relaxation time significantly increased at distal and middle portions of the semitendinosus muscle (p = 0.0003 in both cases). By employing T2 relaxation time mapping, we have identified alterations within the hamstring muscles being the semitendinosus as the most engaged muscle, particularly within its middle and distal thirds. This investigation underscores the utility of T2 relaxation time mapping in evaluating muscle activation patterns during football matches, facilitating the detection of anomalous activation patterns that may warrant injury reduction interventions.
We choose: Adolescent girls and young women’s choice for an HIV prevention product in a cross-over randomized clinical trial conducted in South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe
Authors: Atujuna Millicent , Williams Kristin , Roberts Sarah T. , Young Alinda , Browne Erica N. , Mangxilana Nomvuyo T. , Tenza Siyanda , Shapley-Quinn Mary Kate , Tauya Thelma , Ngure Kenneth , van der Straten Ariane
Published: August 2024

With new pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) modalities for HIV prevention becoming available, understanding how adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) navigate through PrEP options is essential, including factors underlying their choice. Through 16 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 52 in-depth interviews (IDIs) from REACH, an open-label crossover study in which AGYW were allocated 1:1 (between 06 February 2019 and 18 March 2020) to receive oral PrEP for six months and the dapivirine ring for six months, in a randomized sequence, followed by a 6-month period where either product (or neither) could be chosen, we explored decision-making process and product choice, using a mixed inductive-deductive analytical approach. Key themes included the desire to remain HIV-negative and weighing product attributes through experiential learning. Product triability appeared important in informing product choice as individual circumstances changed or assuaging side effects with a given product. Approved biomedical prevention innovations may also benefit from hands-on experience to help with adoption and use during real-world implementation. Furthermore, support from trusted providers will remain critical as AGYW contemplate navigating through PrEP options and choice.
A new system of phosphorus and calcium requirements for lactating dairy cows
Authors: Oliveira André Soares de , Soares Suziane Rodrigues
Published: August 2024

Accurately predicting phosphorous (P) and calcium (Ca) dietary requirements is critical for optimizing dairy cattle performance, and minimizing mineral excretions and ecosystems eutrophication. This study provides a new factorial system to determine net and dietary P and Ca requirements for maintenance and lactation, derived from a meta-regression of mineral trials involving lactating dairy cows. A comprehensive global database was constructed from 57 peer-reviewed articles of mineral balance trials, with a wide range of dietary and animal performance data. We estimated the net requirements for maintenance from the intercept of a nonlinear equation between mineral intake and the sum of total fecal and urinary excretions, which is an estimate of endogenous mineral loss. Mineral secreted in milk was used to obtain net requirements for lactation. The mineral metabolizable coefficient was quantified through observed (treatment means) mineral intake and total fecal and urinary excretions, discounting the estimated endogenous excretions from our proposed models. The nonlinear models of total fecal and urinary mineral excretion were evaluated (observed versus predicted values) using a 5-fold cross validation approach. The models to estimate the sum of endogenous fecal and urinary excretions of P (0.135±0.043 g P/kg BW0.75) and Ca (0.360±0.144 g Ca/kg BW0.75) exhibited suitable precision and accuracy; r = 0.89 and 0.79, concordance correlation coefficient = 0.85 and 0.77, and root mean square prediction error = 24.1 and 20.5% observed means, respectively. Dietary variables (forage level, fiber, starch, crude protein, and ether extract) did not affect the metabolizable coefficient (MC) of P and Ca; therefore, an overall dietary MC of P (0.69±0.01) and Ca (0.65±0.02) were proposed. Our new system estimates lower net and dietary P requirements for lactating dairy cows compared to the NASEM-2021 and NRC-2001 models, but slightly higher Ca requirements than NASEM-2021.This proposed system holds potential to reduce the use of phosphorus in diets for dairy cows, and thus to enhance economic efficiency and environmental sustainability of the dairy industry.
Sensorimotor functioning changes in response to global exercise versus handwriting upper limb exercise training in Parkinson’s disease, results from a phase II randomised controlled trial
Authors: Moraes Íbis Ariana Peña de , Collett Johnny , Silva Talita Dias da , Franssen Marloes , Mitta Surabhi , Zalewski Paweł , Meaney Andy , Wade Derick , Izadi Hooshang , Winward Charlotte , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello , Dawes Helen
Published: August 2024

Introduction

People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) present motor alterations which can impact daily life tasks that require speed and/or accuracy of movement.

Objective

A sub analysis of NCT01439022, aiming to estimate the extent to which two different exercise training protocols (global and handwriting upper limb exercise training) impact reaction time, travel speed, and accuracy in PwPD.

Methods

Seventy PwPD, right-side dominant were randomised 1:1 into two six-month training protocol groups; 35 PwPD performed global exercise training and 35 performed specific training (handwriting upper limb exercise movements). Assessments of speed-accuracy and trade-off were carried out at baseline, after 3 and 6 months of training, and at a 12-month follow-up. The current study used data from a previous publication of a randomised controlled trial that included a 6-month self-managed community exercise programme for PwPD. For the present study we included only the participants who completed the Fitts’ task during the baseline assessment.

Results

In the upper limb assessments, no main effects were found for the number of touches, but the exercise group showed a marginal increase over time on the left side. Error averages on the left side decreased significantly for the exercise group from baseline to 6 and 12 months. The exercise group also presented a lower Error CoV and the Reaction Time CoV increased on the right side. Significant findings for Fitts r on the left side indicated lower values for the exercise group, with improvements continuing at 12 months.

Conclusion

We report the potential of global exercise interventions to facilitate improvements in reaction time and travel speed, as well as other motor control metrics, with lasting effects at 12 months, particularly on the non-dominant side.
Studying the dynamics of the drug processing of pyrazinamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Requena David , Supo-Escalante Rydberg R. , Sheen Patricia , Zimic Mirko
Published: August 2024

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a key drug in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although not completely understood yet, the bactericidal mechanism of PZA starts with its diffusion into the cell and subsequent conversion into pyrazinoic acid (POA) after the hydrolysis of ammonia group. This leads to the acidification cycle, which involves: (1) POA extrusion into the extracellular environment, (2) reentry of protonated POA, and (3) release of a proton into the cytoplasm, resulting in acidification of the cytoplasm and accumulation of intracellular POA. To better understand this process, we developed a system of coupled non-linear differential equations, which successfully recapitulates the kinetics of PZA/POA observed in M. tuberculosis. The parametric space was explored, assessing the impact of different PZA and pH concentrations and variations in the kinetic parameters, finding scenarios of PZA susceptibility and resistance. Furthermore, our predictions show that the acidification cycle alone is not enough to result in significant intracellular accumulation of POA in experimental time scales when compared to other neutral pH scenarios. Thus, revealing the need of novel hypotheses and experimental evidence to determine the missing mechanisms that may explain the pH-dependent intracellular accumulation of POA and their subsequent effects.
Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among key and vulnerable populations in hotspot settings of Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Reta Melese Abate , Asmare Zelalem , Sisay Assefa , Gashaw Yalewayker , Getachew Ermias , Gashaw Muluken , Dejazmach Zelalem , Jemal Abdu , Gedfie Solomon , Kumie Getinet , Nigatie Marye , Abebe Wagaw , Ashagre Agenagnew , Misganaw Tadesse , Kassahun Woldeteklehaymanot , Tadesse Selamyhun , Geteneh Alene , Kidie Atitegeb Abera , Abate Biruk Beletew , Maningi Nontuthuko Excellent , Fourie P. Bernard
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite the decline in tuberculosis (TB) incidence across many regions worldwide, including Ethiopia, the disease remains highly concentrated among vulnerable or socially marginalized populations and in high-risk settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among key and vulnerable populations (KVPs) residing in hotspot settings in Ethiopia.

Methods

Potential papers were searched systematically in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect databases, Google Scholar search engine, and institutional electronic repositories/registrars. A total of 34 potential articles that provide necessary information on the prevalence of PTB were reviewed and data were analyzed to determine the pooled prevalence of PTB among KVPs. The relevant data were recorded and analyzed using STATA 17.0. Cohen’s kappa was computed to determine the agreement between reviewers, the Inverse of variance (I2) to evaluate heterogeneity across studies, and Egger’s test to identify publication bias. A random effect model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of PTB, subgroup analysis was computed by types of hotspot settings and year of publication.

Results

This meta-analysis demonstrates that the pooled prevalence of PTB among populations residing in hotspot settings in Ethiopia was 11.7% (95% confidence interval (95CI): 7.97–15.43) with an I2 of 99.91% and a p< 0.001. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis unveiled the pooled prevalence of PTB among KVPs residing in different hotspot settings as follows: Prison inmates 8.8% (95CI: 5.00–12.55%), University students 23.1% (95CI: 15.81–30.37%), Refugees 28.4% (95CI: -1.27–58.15%), Homeless peoples 5.8% (95CI: -0.67–12.35%), Healthcare settings 11.1% (95CI: 0.58–21.63%), Spiritual holy water sites attendees 12.3% (95CI: -6.26–30.80%), and other high-risk settings 4.3% (95CI: 0.47–8.09%). Besides, the subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of PTB post-2015 was 10.79% (95CI: 5.94–15.64%), whereas it stood at 14.04% (95CI: 10.27–17.82%) before 2015.

Conclusion

The prevalence of PTB among KVPs residing in the hotspot settings in Ethiopia remains significant, with a weighted pooled prevalence of 11.7%. Thus, the national TB control programs should give due attention and appropriate control measures should be instituted that include regular systematic TB screening, compulsory TB testing for presumptive TB cases among KVPs, and tightened infection control at hotspot settings.
Mycotoxin production in different varieties of Dactylis glomerata L. silage in response to biological and chemical additives
Authors: Alba-Mejía Jhonny E. , Domínguez-Rodríguez Gloria , Středa Tomáš , Středová Hana , Lojková Lea , Horký Pavel , Skaličková Sylvie , Skládanka Jiří
Published: August 2024

Silage has been identified as a source of different microbial toxins, that may impair farm animal health and productivity as human health can also be compromised. In this sense, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of silage additives on the concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) mycotoxins and, eventually, to evaluate the hygienic quality of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage based on the concentration of them compared to control silage. This study evaluated the influence of biological and chemical additives used in six different varieties of orchardgrass silage on DON and ZEN mycotoxin contents for the first time. The content of both fusariotoxins (DON and ZEN) in fresh matter and grass silage were below the threshold stipulated by the European Commission. The concentration of DON ranges from ~21.86 to 37.26 ng/kg, ~10.21 to 15 ng/kg, ~20.72 to 29.14 ng/kg; and ZEN range from ~3.42 to 7.87 ng/kg, ~3.85 to 8.62 ng/kg and ~2.15 to 5.08 ng/kg, in control, biological and chemical silages, respectively. In general, the biological additive was more efficient for preventing DON contamination, whereas the chemical additive was more efficient for preventing ZEN contamination in grass silage. In summary, the results obtained in this work demonstrate that biological and chemical additives can inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production on Dactylis glomerata L. silage and whose use could prevent animal and human diseases.