bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexibilization of Biogas Plants through Intelligent Automation Generates Earning Opportunities
Authors: Böhm Ralf , Schaidhauf Ralph M. , Spanheimer Robert , Erdmann Diana Maria , Franke Jörg
Published: October 2016

Due to guaranteed feed-in tariffs under the Renewable Energy Act and the feed-in precedence of renewable power generation plants the operation of biogas plants in Germany is currently plannable and economically advantageous. However, it is foreseeable that without this subvention biogas plants cannot compete with other regenerative plants such as photovoltaic and wind power plants on the open electricity market. Accordingly, it is of great importance for biogas plant operators to identify and occupy suitable niches to make full use of the unique features of their plants. Because of their predictable availability, those plants can particularly benefit of earning opportunities in times of high demand and contribute to grid stabilization. In order to keep the effort for plant operators as low as possible the automation of existing biogas plants can be extended and enabled to communicate with market platforms or control centers of the distribution system operator. Thus biogas plants can contribute to balancing group compensation not only for accounting purposes but factual by appropriate feed-in into the electrical network in consideration of actual demand.
On the existence and blow-up of solutions for a mean field equation with variable intensities
Authors: Ricciardi Tonia , Takahashi Ryo , Zecca Gabriella , Zhang Xiao
Published: October 2016

We study an elliptic problem with exponential nonlinearities describing the statistical mechanics equilibrium of point vortices with variable intensities. For suitable values of the physical parameters we exclude the existence of blow-up points on the boundary, we prove a mass quantization property and we apply our analysis to the construction of minimax solutions.
Viscosity solutions for junctions: well posedness and stability
Authors: Lions Pierre-Louis , Souganidis Panagiotis E.
Published: October 2016

We introduce a notion of state-constraint viscosity solutions for one dimensional ‘‘junction’’-type problems for Hamilton–Jacobi equations with non convex coercive Hamiltonians and study its well-posedness and stability properties. We show that viscosity approximations either select the state-constraint solution or have a unique limit, and we introduce another type of approximation by fattening the domain. We also make connections with existing results for convex equations and discuss extensions to time and/or multi-dimensional problems.
Пространства нестягиваемых замкнутых кривых в компактных пространственных формах
Authors: Taimanov Iskander Asanovich
Published: October 2016

Вычислены рациональные группы эквивариантных когомологий пространств нестягиваемых замкнутых кривых в компактных пространственных формах и показано, как применять результаты этих вычислений для доказательства существования замкнутых геодезических.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Improved Observations of Turbulence Dissipation Rates from Wind Profiling Radars
Authors: McCaffrey Katherine , Bianco Laura , Wilczak James M.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Observations of turbulence in the planetary boundary layer are crucial for validation of parameterizations in numerical weather prediction models. However, these observations are sparse. For this reason, demonstrating the ability of commonly-used wind profiling radars (WPRs) to measure turbulence dissipation rates would be greatly beneficial. During the XPIA field campaign at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory, two WPRs operated in an optimized configuration, using high spectral resolution for increased accuracy of Doppler spectral width, specifically chosen to measure turbulence from a vertically-pointing beam only. Multiple post-processing techniques, including different numbers of spectral averages and peak-processing algorithms for calculating spectral moments, were analyzed to determine the most accurate procedures for measuring turbulence dissipation rates using the information contained in the Doppler spectral width, and compared to sonic anemometers mounted on a 300-meter tower. The optimal settings were determined, producing a constant low bias, which was later corrected. Resulting measurements of turbulence dissipation rates correlated well (R2 = 0.57) with sonic anemometers, and profiles up to 2 km from the 449-MHz WPR and 1 km from the 915-MHz WPR were observed.
Young People's Burden: Requirement of Negative CO2 Emissions
Authors: Hansen James , Sato Makiko , Kharecha Pushker , von Schuckmann Karina , Beerling David J , Cao Junji , Marcott Shaun , Masson-Delmotte Valerie , Prather Michael J , Rohling Eelco J , Shakun Jeremy , Smith Pete
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The rapid rise of global temperature that began about 1975 continues at a mean rate of about 0.18 °C/decade, with the current annual temperature exceeding +1.25 °C relative to 1880–1920. Global temperature has just reached a level similar to the mean level in the prior interglacial (Eemian) period, when sea level was several meters higher than today, and, if it long remains at this level, slow amplifying feedbacks will lead to greater climate change and consequences. The growth rate of climate forcing due to human-caused greenhouse gases (GHGs) increased over 20 % in the past decade mainly due to resurging growth of atmospheric CH4, thus making it increasingly difficult to achieve targets such as limiting global warming to 1.5 °C or reducing atmospheric CO2 below 350 ppm. Such targets now require "negative emissions", i.e., extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere. If rapid phasedown of fossil fuel emissions begins soon, most of the necessary CO2 extraction can take place via improved agricultural and forestry practices, including reforestation and steps to improve soil fertility and increase its carbon content. In this case, the magnitude and duration of global temperature excursion above the natural range of the current interglacial (Holocene) could be limited and irreversible climate impacts could be minimized. In contrast, continued high fossil fuel emissions by the current generation would place a burden on young people to undertake massive technological CO2 extraction, if they are to limit climate change. Proposed methods of extraction such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) or air capture of CO2 imply minimal estimated costs of 104–570 trillion dollars this century, with large risks and uncertain feasibility. Continued high fossil fuel emissions unarguably sentences young people to either a massive, possibly implausible cleanup or growing deleterious climate impacts or both, scenarios that should provide both incentive and obligation for governments to alter energy policies without further delay.
Total energy and potential enstrophy conserving
schemes for the shallow water equations using
Hamiltonian methods: Derivation and Properties
(Part 1)
Authors: Eldred Christopher , Randall David
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The shallow water equations provide a useful analogue of the fully compressible Euler equations since they have similar characteristics: conservation laws, inertia-gravity and Rossby waves and a (quasi-) balanced state. In order to obtain realistic simulation results, it is desirable that numerical models have discrete analogues of these properties. Two prototypical examples of such schemes are the 1981 Arakawa and Lamb (AL81) C-grid total energy and potential enstrophy conserving scheme, and the 2007 Salmon (S07) Z-grid total energy and potential enstrophy conserving scheme. Unfortunately, the AL81 scheme is restricted to logically square, orthogonal grids; and the S07 scheme is restricted to uniform square grids. The current work extends the AL81 scheme to arbitrary non-orthogonal polygonal grids and the S07 scheme to arbitrary orthogonal spherical polygonal grids in a manner that allows both total energy and potential enstrophy conservation, by combining Hamiltonian methods (work done by Salmon, Gassmann, Dubos and others) and Discrete Exterior Calculus (Thuburn, Cotter, Dubos, Ringler, Skamarock, Klemp and others). Detailed results of the schemes applied to standard test cases are deferred to Part 2 of this series of papers.
Implementation of the biogenic emission model MEGAN(v2.1) into
the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ chemistry climate model. Basic results
and sensitivity tests
Authors: Henrot Alexandra-Jane , Stanelle Tanja , Schröder Sabine , Siegenthaler Colombe , Taraborrelli Domenico , Schultz Martin G.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. A biogenic emission scheme based on the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) version 2.1 (Guenther et al., 2012) has been integrated into the ECHAM6-HAMMOZ chemistry climate model in order to calculate the emissions from terrestrial vegetation of 32 compounds. The estimated annual global total for the simulation period (2000–2012) is 634 Tg C yr−1. Isoprene is the main contributor to the average emission total accounting for 66 % (417 Tg C yr−1), followed by several monoterpenes (12 %), methanol (7 %), acetone (3.6 %) and ethene (3.6 %). Regionally, most of the high annual emissions are found to be associated to tropical regions and tropical vegetation types. In order to evaluate the implementation of the biogenic model in ECHAM-HAMMOZ, global and regional BVOC emissions of the reference simulation were compared to previous published experiment results with the MEGAN model. Several sensitivity simulations were performed to study the impact of different model input and parameters related to the vegetation cover and the ECHAM6 climate. BVOC emissions obtained with the biogenic model are within the range of previous published estimates. The large range of emission estimates can be attributed to the use of different input data and empirical coefficients within different setups of the MEGAN model. The biogenic model shows a high sensitivity to the changes in plant functional type (PFT) distributions and associated emission factors for most of the compounds. The global emission impact for isoprene is about −9 %, but reaches +75 % for α-pinene when switching to PFT-dependent emission factor distributions. Isoprene emissions show the highest sensitivity to soil moisture impact, with a global decrease of 12.5 % when the soil moisture activity factor is included in the model parameterization. Nudging ECHAM6 climate towards ERA-Interim reanalysis has impact on the biogenic emissions, slightly lowering the global total emissions and their interannual variability.
The role of forest maturity on catchment hydrologic stability
Authors: Belmar Oscar , Barquín José , Álvarez-Martínez Jose Manuel , Peñas Francisco J. , Del Jesus Manuel
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Land cover and soil properties largely determine how climatic and hydrological regimes interact and produce hydrological stress in aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to clarify the influence of forests, as well as other majoritarian land cover types, on hydrological regime through an experimental design without the main limitations associated with traditional paired-watershed studies. With this aim, we use more catchments and an additional forest descriptor: forest maturity. We focus on flood and drought regimes, as they constitute the extremes of hydrological variability. Specific objectives were to isolate the relative contribution of precipitation and land cover composition to such flow extremes and to contrast the effectiveness of forests (surface and maturity) and other land cover types to predict them. The study was developed in a heterogeneous region located in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain) with different vegetation types and a long history of human disturbance and land use change that allowed a robust experimental design. Regression and partial correlation analyses were developed using hydrological and meteorological data combined through hydrological modelling using IHACRES. Land cover characteristics showed ability to predict both flood regimes and low flows, although low flows were explained mainly by precipitation regimes. Forests showed a stabilization effect on flow regime (lower floods and greater base flows), but the effect was more evident with forest maturity than with surface. Other land cover types showed different effects. Evaluating the role of land cover on hydrological stability requires the use of comprehensive information involving different descriptors and their temporal changes, not only the current surface occupied by each land cover type.
Parametric resonance in the dynamics of an elliptic vortex in a
periodically strained environment
Authors: Koshel Konstantin V. , Ryzhov Eugene A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The model of an elliptic vortex evolving in a periodically strained background flow is studied in order to establish the possible unbounded regimes. Depending on the parameters of the exterior flow, there are three classical regimes of the elliptic vortex motion under constant linear deformation: (i) rotation, (ii) nutation, and (iii) infinite elongation. The phase portrait for the vortex dynamics features critical points, which correspond to the stationary vortex not changing its form and orientation. We demonstrate that, given superimposed periodic oscillations to the exterior deformation, the phase space region corresponding to the elliptic critical point experiences parametric instability leading to locally unbounded dynamics of the vortex. This dynamics manifests itself as the vortex nutates along the strain axis while continuously elongating. This motion continues until nonlinear effects intervene near the region associated with the steady-state separatrix. Next, we show that for specific values of the perturbation parameters, the parametric instability is effectively suppressed by nonlinearity in the primal parametric instability zone. The secondary zone of the parametric instability, on the contrary, produces an effective growth of the vortex's aspect ratio.
The Kenya Rift revisited: insights into lithospheric strength through data-driven 3D gravity and thermal modelling
Authors: Sippel Judith , Meeßen Christian , Cacace Mauro , Mechie James , Fishwick Stewart , Heine Christian , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Strecker Manfred R.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. We present 3D models that describe the present-day thermal and rheological state of the lithosphere of the greater Kenya Rift region aiming at a better understanding of the rift evolution, with a particular focus on plume-lithosphere interactions. The key methodology applied is the 3D integration of diverse geological and geophysical observations using gravity modelling. Accordingly, the resulting lithospheric-scale 3D density model is consistent with (i) reviewed descriptions of lithological variations in the sedimentary and volcanic cover, (ii) known trends in crust and mantle seismic velocities as revealed by seismic and seismological data, and (iii) the observed gravity field. This data-based model is the first to image a 3D density configuration of the crystalline crust for the entire region of Kenya and northern Tanzania. An Upper and a Basal Crustal Layer are differentiated, each composed of several domains of different average densities. We interpret these domains to trace back to the Precambrian terrane amalgamation associated with the East African Orogen and to magmatic processes during Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting phases. In combination with seismic velocities, the densities of these crustal domains are indicative of compositional differences. The derived lithological trends have been used to parameterize steady-state thermal and rheological models. These models indicate that crustal and mantle temperatures decrease from the Kenya Rift in the west to eastern Kenya, while the integrated strength of the lithosphere increases. Thereby, the detailed strength configuration appears strongly controlled by the complex inherited crustal structure, which may have been decisive for the onset, localisation, and propagation of rifting.
The Anatomy of Sick Banks in Nigeria: Evidences from Multidiscriminate Analysis Models on Selected Nigerian Commercial Banks
Authors: Odewole Philip Olawale , Salawub Rafiu Oyesola
Published: October 2016

This study investigates the banks’ signs and symptoms of sickness and susceptibility to corporate failure using multidiscriminate modeling approach with panel data of 14 commercial banks in Nigeria over the periods 2005 – 2012.  The study also employed corporate failure prediction models to generate the parameters used to predict the banks’ susceptibility to corporate failure and determination of weakness and sickness.  The results of the business failure models revealed that five (5) out of the fourteen (14) banks were strong with their z-score values ranging from 2.99 to 3.05 which were the minimum bench marks for strong, sound and healthy banks while five (5) out of the fourteen samples banks were on the border line of average performance with their z-score figures reported at 1.88 to 2.04 and four (4) of the banks are already sick and weak and susceptible to failure with z-scores of 1.55 to 1.72 which fall below the cut-offs for average performance as prescribed by Altman.  The study suggests that government should examine with all seriousness the genuineness of the claim of N25 billion minimum capital base for the Nigerian banks as a follow up to what banks claimed they had in year 2005.
Diagnosis and management of immune thrombocytopenia in childhood
Authors: Kühne Thomas
Published: October 2016

Evidence-based medicine is growing in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but solid clinical data are still lacking in many areas. A majority of children has self-limited ITP, but chronic symptomatic ITP exists also in pediatrics. Management includes a watch-andwait strategy for children with newly diagnosed ITP and no or mild bleeding, and immunoglobulins and corticosteroids, if more bleeding and mucous membrane involvement is present. Treatment endpoints differ in clinical research and in clinical practice. The requirement of platelet enhancing drugs needs to be better defined in guidelines. Second-line therapies for children are rarely required and include thrombopoietin-receptor agonists, rituximab, dexamethasone and immunosuppressants. Thrombopoietin-receptor agonists are successful in adult but also in pediatric ITP. The strategical position of splenectomy differs from that in adults. Although effective in children it is less frequently used because of its life-long cumulative risk of infectious diseases and a higher potential of spontaneous remission in ITP, providing a strong argument to defer splenectomy. The rarity of ITP makes clinical research expensive.
Artikel 50 VEU en Brexit: de juridische contouren voor een politiek drama
Authors: Cuyvers A.
Published: October 2016

Artikel 50 VEU en Brexit: de juridische contouren voor een politiek drama

Deze bijdrage geeft een initiële analyse van de juridische kaders die artikel 50 VEU neerlegt voor de terugtrekking van het VK. Welke regels gelden er en welke beperkingen leggen deze regels, in principe, op aan dit proces? Hiertoe focust de analyse op enkele essentiële elementen van artikel 50 VEU: het indienen en eventueel intrekken van een kennisgeving, de termijn voor het bereiken van een akkoord, de positie van het VK in de EU tijdens het onderhandelingsproces, het aantal en soort akkoorden dat gesloten dient te worden, en de eventuele noodzaak van een wijziging van de EU-verdragen. De bijdrage sluit af met enkele meer algemene observaties over Brexit en enkele suggesties voor de eventuele aanpassing van artikel 50 VEU zelf.

Artikel 50 Verdrag betreffende de Europese Unie (VEU), Maastricht, 7 februari 1992, PbEG 1992, C 191
De EU-Richtlijn procedurele waarborgen minderjarige verdachten en het Nederlandse jeugdstrafprocesrecht
Authors: Kempen M.A.H. , uit Beijerse J.
Published: October 2016

De EU-Richtlijn procedurele waarborgen minderjarige verdachten en het Nederlandse jeugdstrafprocesrecht

Op 11 mei 2016 is de Richtlijn betreffende procedurele waarborgen voor kinderen die verdachte of beklaagde zijn in een strafprocedure vastgesteld. Het in november 2013 gepresenteerde richtlijnvoorstel had geen zachte landing. De regering beoordeelde de proportionaliteit negatief en de Tweede Kamer liet de Europese Commissie weten het voorstel ook nog strijdig te achten met het beginsel van subsidiariteit. In deze bijdrage zullen de voornaamste punten van discussie in het Nederlandse parlement en in Brussel worden geïnventariseerd en worden bezien hoe daaraan tegemoet is gekomen. De auteurs concluderen dat de richtlijn zoals deze er nu ligt, niet alleen toegevoegde waarde kan hebben bij de internationale samenwerking maar vooral ook voor de inrichting van het Nederlandse jeugdstrafprocesrecht.

Richtlijn (EU) 2016/800 van 11 mei 2016, PbEU 2016, L 132.
Meer zeggenschap van burgers en organisaties over regulering
Authors: Bokhorst A.M.
Published: October 2016

Meer zeggenschap van burgers en organisaties over regulering

De centrale vraag in dit artikel is hoe de wetgever de zeggenschap van burgers, organisaties en belanghebbenden kan versterken en onbedoelde gevolgen van technocratie daarbij kan tegengaan. De inzet van alternatieve reguleringsstijlen, zoals beter reguleren, verbetert de kwaliteit van regelgeving. Zo maakt internetconsultatie het wetgevingsproces transparanter en responsiever, maar door het beperkte bereik neemt de collectieve zeggenschap van burgers er niet substantieel door toe. Dereguleren lijkt zoals beoogd de individuele zeggenschap van belanghebbenden te versterken. Maar niet iedereen waardeert die individuele zeggenschap evenzeer of kan er even goed mee omgaan. Om sociale zeggenschap van organisaties te versterken zet de overheid in op meer ruimte voor co- en zelfregulering. Het verschilt sterk per dossier in hoeverre de sociale zeggenschap is toegenomen. Als onbedoeld gevolg blijkt bij alternatieve reguleringsstijlen dat technocraten zoals toezichthouders in het gat springen dat de wetgever achterlaat. Vervolgens kan het parlement als medewetgever met een initiatiefwet proberen om de autonomie van burgers, organisaties en belanghebbenden te bewaken, zoals geïllustreerd wordt met de casus van de initiatiefwet Bisschop. Deze casus roept wel de vraag op of de regering en het parlement niet systematischer kunnen reflecteren op de (dis)balans tussen participatieve, technocratische en representatieve democratie.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for EGFR- and ALK-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Thompson Jonathan R. , Menon Smitha P. , Dy Grace K.
Published: October 2016

Discovery of the epidermal growth receptor (EGFR) activating mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements has expanded the therapeutic landscape in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Survival outcomes for patients with these mutations have improved dramatically with EGFR and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Multiple generations of EGFR and ALK TKIs have been rapidly developed, and patients and clinicians now have several options for first- and second-line treatments. While these small molecule TKIs have some similarities in therapeutic and pharmacologic profiles, the differences can be clinically substantial, allowing tailored treatment for each unique patient. This review details the clinical efficacy, pharmacology, safety profiles, CNS penetration, and mechanisms of resistance of the four EGFR TKIs and three ALK TKIs that are currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA).
Ética Econômica das Religiões Mundiais - Resenha
Authors: Noronha Adriene Dos Anjos
Published: October 2016

Resenha do livro

WEBER, Max. Ética econômica das religiões mundiais: ensaios comparados de sociologia da religião. V. 1: Confucionismo e Taoísmo. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2016. 410p.

 
Entre o “empoderamento espiritual” e a “ecoespiritualidade”: um estudo da Seicho-no-Ie do Brasil.
Authors: Silveira João Paulo De Paula
Published: October 2016

O artigo discute nuances contemporâneas da identidade religiosa dos adeptos da Seicho-no-Ie (Lar do Progredir Infinito, em português). Considera-se dois aspectos marcantes dessa identidade: o “empoderamento espiritual” e a ecoespiritualidade. Ambos são percebidos enquanto desdobramentos das interpelações feitos pela modernidade tardia à imaginação religiosa da mulher e do homem contemporâneo. Os dados do qual fizemos uso foram coletados junto aos adeptos da cidade de Goiânia ao longo de 2015, além daqueles oriundos das publicações religiosas com o qual tivemos contato. Esse trabalho está em afinidade com as discussões que situam as novas religiões e espiritualidades como respostas as contingências sociais e culturais modernas, em especial as reflexões de Lorne L. Dawson (2004; 2006) e Christopher Partridge (2005). Ambos chamam a atenção para a importância da compreensão sociológica das novas religiões e espiritualidades alternativas enquanto fenômeno específico da contemporaneidade que não devem ser reduzidos aos esquemas compreensivos que trivializam esse tipo de sensibilidade religiosa.
Igreja e Estado, casamento, família e divórcio (Belém-Pará, 1916-1940)
Authors: Campos Ipojucan Dias
Published: October 2016

Igreja Católica, Estado, casamento e divórcio são palavras-chave das reflexões que seguem. Mas o caráter central das interpretações é o de compreender, nas primeiras décadas novecentistas, as estratégias da Igreja Católica e as do Estado aquando dos diálogos em torno do Código Civil Brasileiro de 1916. Mais especificamente, o estudo procurou interpretar o casamento, a família e o divórcio quando se buscava firmá-los mais uma vez à lei do Estado. Sobre o esforço e o interesse deste, a Igreja Católica esteve bastante atenta dialogando e influenciando em suas decisões, pois a legislação de 1916 em muito expressava anseios católicos e por isso o Clero não deixou o Estado à vontade frente aos assuntos que passavam pela nova lei secular. Em conformidade com isso, a respeito das temáticas em pauta, ficou-se atento à compreensão das teses elaboradas pelas instâncias de poder voltadas ao convencimento dos sujeitos sociais que construíam a sociedade belenense da época.
How many tickets?
Authors: Riddell Claire
Published: October 2016

This article introduces a task designed around SMP 7: Look for and make use of structure, and it encourages students to explore structure through multiple representations. Each month, elementary school teachers are presented with a problem along with suggested instructional notes and asked to use the problem in their own classrooms and report solutions, strategies, reflections, and misconceptions to the journal audience.
Is there an app for that?
Authors: Olson Travis A. , Olson Melfried
Published: October 2016

This regular department of the journal features collections of short activities focused on a monthly theme. These articles aim for an inquiry or problem-solving orientation that includes four activities each for grade bands K–2, 3–4, and 5–6. Perhaps thinking of the more than fifty national food days that are celebrated in the month of October has tickled your students' taste buds enough to work up an appetite with these word problems and learn about all the foods that our nation celebrates this month.
Math smarts in Wordles
Authors: Goffney Imani Masters
Published: October 2016

Postscript items are designed as rich grab-and-go resources that any teacher can quickly incorporate into his or her classroom repertoire with little effort and maximum impact. Increase mathematical confidence by creating ways for students to show they are “smart” in math through Smartness Wordles™, collections of words in graphic representation.
El moviment per l’okupació i el moviment per l’habitatge: semblances, diferències i confluències en temps de crisi
Authors: González García Robert
Published: October 2016

Les pràctiques d’okupació que sorgeixen a mitjans dels 80 al nostre país son considerades un moviment social per múltiples autors (Calle, 2005; Pruijt, 2004; Martínez, 2002). L’any 2006 apareix arreu de l’Estat un nou moviment social diferenciat, el moviment per l’habitatge. Aquest moviment organitzà joves d’arreu de l’Estat espanyol i, els anys posteriors, consolidà centenars de plataformes d’afectats per les hipoteques de totes les edats. Les seves propostes i demandes han estat un full de ruta en l’aterratge pràctic del moviment del 15-M. L’objectiu d’aquest article és comparar aquests dos moviments urbans que es poden entendre també com a pràctiques emancipadores de la joventut i noves formes de participació dels joves en la societat civil.The practical of squatting that arrived to our country in the 80’s is considered a social movement by multiple authors (Calle, 2004; Pruijt, 2004; Martínez, 2002). The year 2006 appears a new and differentiated social movement, the housing movement. This movement organized young people of all over the country, and therefore consolidated hundreds of platforms of affected by the mortgages of different ages. Their proposals and demands have been a rate routing coming from the 15-M movement. The aim of this article is to compare these two urban movements that could be also understood as emancipation practices and new shapes of participation of the civil society.
Perspectivas actuales de la filosofía y la pedagogía del deporte
Authors: Chiva Bartoll Oscar , López-Frías Francisco Javier
Published: October 2016

La filosofía del deporte, al igual que la pedagogía, la historia y otros estudios humanísticos alrededor del fenómeno deportivo, ha permanecido tradicionalmente en un segundo plano en facultades e instituciones educativas, incluso en aquellas cuyo fin es, precisamente, comprender adecuadamente cómo y por qué jugamos del modo que lo hacemos y con qué finalidades (Kretchmar, 2005). En una reciente editorial de la revista Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, Michael McNamee (2015) hace un repaso de la actualidad, exponiendo cómo a pesar de que la disciplina no para de crecer y ganar protagonismo, sobre todo en el ámbito editorial, no acaba de hacerse el hueco pertinente en la academia.
Sports and Disciplined Movement – Paths To Stimulating Strivings
Authors: Ilundáin Agurruza Jesús
Published: October 2016

The focus of this article is the relation between life, sport, and disciplined movement. How do these enhance life? This means looking at sports in terms of the qualitative experiences they afford and considering the role of disciplined movement. Phenomenological description helps explore the normative paths that heighten said experiences. At their best, such paths result in skillful strivings to excel within communitarian frameworks, of which the Japanese practices of self-cultivation are exemplary. Sheets-Johnstone’s forays into kinesthesia, Ortega y Gasset’s meditations, and Husserl’s historical lifeworld (lebenswelt) animate this account. The aim is to show how sports and movement, in bridling an exuberant temperament, cultivate our abilities, creativity, and excellence, ultimately encouraging stimulating lives.El artículo examina la relación entre la vida, los deportes, y el movimiento disciplinado. ¿Cómo mejoran éstos la vida? Esto implica evaluar a los deportes acorde a las experiencias cualitativas que hacen posibles y considerar el papel del movimiento disciplinado. La descripción fenomenológica ayuda a explorar los caminos normativos que mejoran tales experiencias. En los mejores casos, éstos conllevan esfuerzos hábiles de superación dentro de marcos comnunitarios. Las prácticas japonesas de autocultivo destacan a este respecto. Las indagaciones de Sheets-Johnstone sobre la kinestesia, las meditaciones de Ortega y Gasset, y las ideas de Husserl sobre el Lebenswelt histórico animan el análisis. El objetivo es mostrar cómo deportes y movimiento, al embridar un temperamento exuberante, cultivan nuestras destrezas, creatividad, y excelencia, fomentando, en ultimo término, vidas estimulantes.
Los nuevos despotismos: imaginando el fin de la democracia
Authors: Keane John
Published: October 2016

Este ensayo se propone plantear una nueva perspectiva acerca de una tendencia inquietante que  está configurando nuestro mundo en estos primeros años del siglo XXI: el auge del despotismo. Nos preguntamos si los regímenes de poder que se ponen de manifiesto en países como Rusia, Vietnam, Arabia Saudita, Turkmenistán, China y Brunéi, y los Emiratos Árabes Unidos tienen características en común, a pesar de ser a su vez tan diferentes en otros aspectos. La respuesta es afirmativa; empezando por su concentración geográfica en la región Euroasiática, definida ampliamente de tal suerte que incluya el espacio territorial que se extiende a lo largo de Rusia, Turquía, las monarquías del Golfo e Irán en el oeste, atravesando las repúblicas de Asia central, China y Japón, hasta Indonesia, Australia, Nueva Zelanda y Fiji en el extremo este. Esta región es el nuevo centro gravitacional geopolítico del planeta. Este ensayo explica por qué el despotismo, término en desuso, merece ser retomado, y porqué los regímenes despóticos de nuestro tiempo no deben considerarse simplemente como un tipo de estado territorial.This essay sets out to make new sense of a disturbing trend shaping our world in these early years of the 21stcentury: the rise of despotism. It asks whether the regimes of power displayed in countries otherwise as different as Russia, Vietnam, Iran; Saudi Arabia; Turkmenistan; China and Brunei, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates share things in common. It answers that they do, beginning with their geographic concentration in the Eurasian region, broadly defined to include the territorial spaces stretching from Russia, Turkey, the Gulf states and Iran in the west through to the central Asian republics, China and Japan, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand and Fiji in the far east. The region is the new geo–political centre of gravity of our planet. It is also the heartland of the new despotisms, which are proving to be powerful actors, both in the region and within a wide range of global settings. The essay explains why the old–fashioned term despotism deserves to be revived, and why the new despotisms of our time should not be thought of simply as a type of territorial state.
Vertical force analysis in dogs with hip osteoarthritis undergoing treatment with chondroprotectors
Authors: Navarro Alves Souza Alexandre , Matera Julia Maria
Published: October 2016

This study was aimed at evaluating vertical forces generated during locomotion in dogs affected with hiposteoarthritis (OA) submitted to chondroprotective treatment with chondroitin sulphate and lucosamine(CS-GLU). Eighteen dysplastic dogs suffering from secondary bilateral hip OA and treated with CS-GLU(200mg and 300mg/10kg/SID respectively) for 60 days (treated group), and 18 lameness free dogs withnormal hip joints (healthy group) were evaluated. A pressure sensitive walkway was used to measure peakvertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI) and stance phase (SP) duration. Data collection was performed prior to and within 30 and 60 days of treatment (treated group), or on a single occasion (healthy group). Longitudinal and intergroup comparisons were made using repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-hoc test and the unpaired t-test respectively, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Mean peak vertical force did not differ significantly within the treated group. However, mean PVF and VI were lower in the treated compared to the control group. A slight increase in mean VI was documented in one treated limbat time points 30 and 60. Results of this study suggest hip OA leads to decreased weight bearing and treatmentwith CS-GLU does not improve PVF in the short term.
Uso de óleos essenciais como anestésico para manejo de camarões marinhos Litopenaeus schmitti e Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis
Authors: Matelli Matulovic Felipe , Miyako Yoshii Oshiro Lídia
Published: October 2016

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência dos óleos essenciais de lavanda, sândalo, menta e cravo sobre os tempos de indução aos estágios anestésicos e, fisiologicamente, sobre glicemia e concentração total de proteínas no músculo dos camarões Litopenaeus schmitti e Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis. Para a análise estatística foram aplicados os testes de normalidade Shappiro-Wilk, não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e múltipla comparação de Dunn. A comparação dos tempos de exposição foi efetuada induzindo-se os estágios anestésicos I (sedação) e II (anestesia profunda), assim como o tempo de recuperação. Os animais (n=10)foram expostos individualmente aos óleos em banhos na concentração de 0,5 mL/L, previamente diluídos em etanol na proporção de 9:1. Os testes bioquímicos tiveram como controle banho com etanol, totalizando cinco tratamentos subdivididos em três tempos de exposição, e um grupo controle geral, sem exposição a banho nenhum (todos, n=4). O óleo de cravo apresentou resultados superiores em todos os testes de tempo,também na maioria dos testes bioquímicos, sendo o único tratamento considerado satisfatório para uso como anestésico. Existe a sugestão de que o óleo de sândalo possa ser útil como agente otimizador de transporte.
A formação de professores em Portugal: lutas, valores e reivindicações na construção da profissão docente ao longo da 1ª República Portuguesa
Authors: Guerra Henriques Helder Manuel
Published: October 2016

Neste texto discutimos a construção da profissão docente, em Portugal, tomando como ponto de partida a formação de professores para o ensino primário, com particular incidência no período da 1ª República Portuguesa (1910-1926). Procuramos demonstrar, por meio da Escola Distrital de Habilitação do Magistério Primário de Castelo Branco, como a profissão de professor foi se construindo a partir de um conjunto de valores incorporados por influência do Estado; e, por outro lado, assumir a importância das causas, lutas e reivindicações do grupo, ainda em processo de formação, como mecanismo de socialização e consolidação da profissão de professor ao longo do arco temporal em análise. Para o efeito, ancoramos o trabalho na História da Educação e na Sociologia das Profissões estabelecendo um diálogo entre estes dois campos científicos. O corpus documental analisado divide-se entre documentação legal e institucional e a imprensa pedagógica produzida pelos alunos-mestres. A crítica histórica foi a abordagem metodológica escolhida uma vez que permite colocar em crise as próprias fontes e interpela-las de um modo válido.keywords: Formação. Profissão. Professor. Portugal.
Relationship and performance: sociometric and bibliometric study of the scientific production of the graduate program in accounting at Unisinos
Authors: Morais Aires Otávio Augusto , Zdziarski Alaís Daiane , Westarb Cruz June Alisson , Citadin Michael Willian , Torres da Rocha Daniela
Published: October 2016

The relationship between the ability to relate social actors and their performance has achieved great attention recently, indicating the need for respect among various stakeholders and their environments. Accordingly, following Torres et al. (2013), this article analyzes the scientific publications of the researchers at the Graduate Program in Accounting at Vale do Rio dos Sinos University (Unisinos) from 2007 to 2012 based on their relational perspectives and performance. Based on an analysis of curriculum lattes of those surveyed, and through sociometric methods, bibliometrics, social network analysis, and other statistical approaches, the program was identified and studied. The program has 13 researchers who presented 605 scientific publications distributed among the Annals of Congress and periodicals. These publications represent a score of 1.620 in the first three years (2007-2009) and 3.260 in the second (2010-2012), and were analyzed individually (perresearcher) with indicators of the centrality of networks. A descriptive analysis was based on the performance points of the researchers and their relational perspectives, noting, as a final consideration, a predominant direct and persistent association between indicators of relationship researchers and their performance in points (Qualis score).
Stochasticity in the miR-9/Hes1 oscillatory network can account for clonal heterogeneity in the timing of differentiation
Authors: Phillips Nick E , Manning Cerys S , Pettini Tom , Biga Veronica , Marinopoulou Elli , Stanley Peter , Boyd James , Bagnall James , Paszek Pawel , Spiller David G , White Michael RH , Goodfellow Marc , Galla Tobias , Rattray Magnus , Papalopulu Nancy
Published: October 2016

Recent studies suggest that cells make stochastic choices with respect to differentiation or division. However, the molecular mechanism underlying such stochasticity is unknown. We previously proposed that the timing of vertebrate neuronal differentiation is regulated by molecular oscillations of a transcriptional repressor, HES1, tuned by a post-transcriptional repressor, miR-9. Here, we computationally model the effects of intrinsic noise on the Hes1/miR-9 oscillator as a consequence of low molecular numbers of interacting species, determined experimentally. We report that increased stochasticity spreads the timing of differentiation in a population, such that initially equivalent cells differentiate over a period of time. Surprisingly, inherent stochasticity also increases the robustness of the progenitor state and lessens the impact of unequal, random distribution of molecules at cell division on the temporal spread of differentiation at the population level. This advantageous use of biological noise contrasts with the view that noise needs to be counteracted.
A near atomic structure of the active human apoptosome
Authors: Cheng Tat Cheung , Hong Chuan , Akey Ildikó V , Yuan Shujun , Akey Christopher W
Published: October 2016

In response to cell death signals, an active apoptosome is assembled from Apaf-1 and procaspase-9 (pc-9). Here we report a near atomic structure of the active human apoptosome determined by cryo-electron microscopy. The resulting model gives insights into cytochrome c binding, nucleotide exchange and conformational changes that drive assembly. During activation an acentric disk is formed on the central hub of the apoptosome. This disk contains four Apaf-1/pc-9 CARD pairs arranged in a shallow spiral with the fourth pc-9 CARD at lower occupancy. On average, Apaf-1 CARDs recruit 3 to 5 pc-9 molecules to the apoptosome and one catalytic domain may be parked on the hub, when an odd number of zymogens are bound. This suggests a stoichiometry of one or at most, two pc-9 dimers per active apoptosome. Thus, our structure provides a molecular framework to understand the role of the apoptosome in programmed cell death and disease.
An electrostatic selection mechanism controls sequential kinase signaling downstream of the T cell receptor
Authors: Shah Neel H , Wang Qi , Yan Qingrong , Karandur Deepti , Kadlecek Theresa A , Fallahee Ian R , Russ William P , Ranganathan Rama , Weiss Arthur , Kuriyan John
Published: October 2016

The sequence of events that initiates T cell signaling is dictated by the specificities and order of activation of the tyrosine kinases that signal downstream of the T cell receptor. Using a platform that combines exhaustive point-mutagenesis of peptide substrates, bacterial surface-display, cell sorting, and deep sequencing, we have defined the specificities of the first two kinases in this pathway, Lck and ZAP-70, for the T cell receptor ζ chain and the scaffold proteins LAT and SLP-76. We find that ZAP-70 selects its substrates by utilizing an electrostatic mechanism that excludes substrates with positively-charged residues and favors LAT and SLP-76 phosphosites that are surrounded by negatively-charged residues. This mechanism prevents ZAP-70 from phosphorylating its own activation loop, thereby enforcing its strict dependence on Lck for activation. The sequence features in ZAP-70, LAT, and SLP-76 that underlie electrostatic selectivity likely contribute to the specific response of T cells to foreign antigens.
Evidence for evolutionary divergence of activity-dependent gene expression in developing neurons
Authors: Qiu Jing , McQueen Jamie , Bilican Bilada , Dando Owen , Magnani Dario , Punovuori Karolina , Selvaraj Bhuvaneish T , Livesey Matthew , Haghi Ghazal , Heron Samuel , Burr Karen , Patani Rickie , Rajan Rinku , Sheppard Olivia , Kind Peter C , Simpson T Ian , Tybulewicz Victor LJ , Wyllie David JA , Fisher Elizabeth MC , Lowell Sally , Chandran Siddharthan , Hardingham Giles E
Published: October 2016

Evolutionary differences in gene regulation between humans and lower mammalian experimental systems are incompletely understood, a potential translational obstacle that is challenging to surmount in neurons, where primary tissue availability is poor. Rodent-based studies show that activity-dependent transcriptional programs mediate myriad functions in neuronal development, but the extent of their conservation in human neurons is unknown. We compared activity-dependent transcriptional responses in developing human stem cell-derived cortical neurons with those induced in developing primary- or stem cell-derived mouse cortical neurons. While activity-dependent gene-responsiveness showed little dependence on developmental stage or origin (primary tissue vs. stem cell), notable species-dependent differences were observed. Moreover, differential species-specific gene ortholog regulation was recapitulated in aneuploid mouse neurons carrying human chromosome-21, implicating promoter/enhancer sequence divergence as a factor, including human-specific activity-responsive AP-1 sites. These findings support the use of human neuronal systems for probing transcriptional responses to physiological stimuli or indeed pharmaceutical agents.
Ação de herbicidas inibidores da PROTOX sobre o desenvolvimento, acamamento e produtividade da soja
Authors: Gallon Mateus , Buzzello Géderson Luiz , Trezzi Michelangelo Muzell , Diesel Francielli , Silva Henrique Luis Da
Published: October 2016

A soja é a espécie leguminosa mais importante mundialmente e por isso investimentos em tecnologia são necessários para o aumento da produtividade e redução de fatores adversos à cultura. Na região Sul do Brasil, são frequentes os problemas ocasionados pelo acamamento de plantas de algumas cultivares de soja. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de herbicidas inibidores da enzima Protoporfirinogênio Oxidase (PROTOX) sobre o desenvolvimento, rendimento de grãos e componentes e sobre o acamamento das plantas do cultivar de soja CD 214 RR. O experimento foi conduzido a campo, em delineamento blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema bifatorial. O fator A foi constituído por cinco tratamentos herbicidas:  carfentrazone nas doses 6, 10 e 22 g ha-1 de i.a., lactofen 144 g ha-1 de i.a. e testemunha sem aplicação. O fator B foi constituído por seis épocas de avaliação de injúria e sete épocas para altura de planta e acamamento. Foram determinadas a injúria, altura, acamamento, componentes e rendimento de grãos de soja e rendimento biológico aparente. Os herbicidas lactofen e carfentrazone reduziram a altura e, consequentemente, o acamamento das plantas de soja. Carfentrazone foi mais fitotóxico e mais eficaz em reduzir a altura de plantas de soja do que lactofen. Lactofen resultou em rendimento de grãos de soja mais elevados do que as diferentes concentrações de carfentrazone, embora ambos não tenham diferido do rendimento de grãos da testemunha sem herbicidas.
Sustained High Level of Healthcare Worker Adherence With Hand Hygiene Practice Recommendations Using the Patient-as-Observer Approach in the Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Lee Rachael A. , Cutter Gary R. , Pate Janet L. , Boohaker Emily , Camins Bernard C.
Published: October 2016

We report on a quality improvement initiative for hand hygiene adherence using the patient-as-observer method in the ambulatory setting. There were 604,661 observations recorded with improvement of adherence from 88% to 95% or greater; alcohol-based hand sanitizer purchasing correlated with this increase. This sustainable method effectively ensures hand hygiene adherence.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1496–1498