bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eurocentric, Westernized, or Afrocentric curriculum in one university in the Eastern Cape: An entrepreneurship approach
Authors: Ncanywa Thobeka
Published: December 2023

Curriculum transformation in South African universities strives to revive disadvantaged communities to change existing Eurocentric and Westernized curriculums to be Afrocentric.  However, there are debates on whether there should be the adoption of fully Africanized curriculums or infusing African values into the Eurocentric epistemologies. The study sought to bring out the roles of entrepreneurial skills in curriculum transformation in one university in the Eastern Cape. The study adopted a qualitative approach, where university students and lecturers were the key informants. To collect data interviews were used where the interview schedule is attached. It was found that universities are challenged by organizational culture, lack of resources, the existence of colonial systems, and a colonial-caged mentality. The paper illustrated that decolonizing curriculums is useful in resource-constrained institutions if resources are pumped in and if the curriculum transformation works in an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Therefore, the university should invest more resources into the curriculum transformation and African and European epistemology should be fused to come up with strong and vibrant knowledge that will positively change societies. Additionally, for a university entrepreneurship ecosystem, there should be staff empowerment on entrepreneurship education in the curriculum across disciplines.
A dual analysis study of classroom interactions in Japan and South Africa
Authors: Sybing Roehl , Mudau Tshimangadzo Selina
Published: December 2023

The demands of raising education at a classroom level to international standards require a nuanced analytical lens involving multiple perspectives to contribute to the best practices. Most classroom research adopts a singular perspective, usually from researchers who are familiar with the nuances of the classroom context under study. In other words, published studies involving classroom observations are often analyzed by insiders who already have the insight to understand the situated dynamics of the classroom interactions they analyze. While this is an important analytical orientation, this stance may overlook important insights about teaching and learning that outsiders’ perspectives may be able to identify. The study employed a qualitative approach. Which was guided by the dialogic interactive theory. The methodological approach in Japan was face-to-face semi-structured interviews while in the South African context, virtual data generation methods were employed to interview teachers on the classroom interactions with students. The study population was English students, while in South Africa it was health course teachers who taught students from various health professions. A total of eight teachers were purposively recruited in South Africa with one student participant in Japan. Findings revealed similarities and differences in dialogic interactions and the interpretation of such interactions. Participants from both contexts had deliberate silence and reluctance to speak which was interpreted differently by the teachers, and lack of reciprocal and purposive engagements by students. Based on the dialogic interactive theory, it can be concluded that the aspirations to achieve an inclusive quality of education can best be achieved when teachers are transparent about the expected interactions for all the tenets of the dialogic theory to be achieved. It is therefore recommended that broader conversations about the analysis of situated dynamics of classroom interaction be encouraged to yield critical insights for education towards the attainment of inclusive quality education.
Digitization and service delivery in the South African Post Office
Authors: Khotsa Charles , Mabitsela William
Published: December 2023

This article argues that digitization of services is increasingly becoming an international phenomenon. As a case in point, the South African Post Office by its very nature and as part of the global institution requires a serious conversion from traditional service provision to digital and electronic services provision. This article is based on the study that was conducted in the South African Post Office in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Province. From the South African Post Office perspective, Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces are referred to as North Region. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the implications of digitization on service delivery in the South African Post Office, focusing in the Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces (North Region). The study found that service delivery is adversely affected due to non-digitization of postal services. The study recommended interventions that can be employed to improve postal service delivery. The research method employed in the study was of both quantitative and qualitative method. The majority of the respondents strongly agreed that digitization of postal services could improve service delivery and brings more income and service improvement to clients. The article concludes by providing suggestions towards improving service delivery in the South African Post Office by digitizing postal services.
The features and outcome of positive emotions in the Nkangala District municipalities
Authors: Skosana Thulani B. , Maleka Molefe J. , Ngonyama-Ndou Thulile L
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to furnish insights into the features and outcomes of positive emotions in the Nkangala district. The reviewed literature indicated that such a topic is under-researched in the Nkangala region. This study employed the affective events theory (AET). The study's research design was both descriptive and correlational and influenced by the positivism paradigm. The sample size of 808 municipal employees was conveniently selected due to not having a sample frame, and other municipal respondents were unwilling to participate in the study. In addition, other managers did not provide researchers with permission letters; hence, the data were collected from four municipalities. The data were collected using a close-ended questionnaire. A validated and reliable scales were analysed in Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 28. The results showed that autonomy was the highest feature/predictor of positive emotions. In addition, it was determined that positive emotions predicted job satisfaction. This study found that when municipal managers offer their employees autonomy, it yields happy, joyous and proud employees.  Similarly, managers who provide employees with timely feedback and who do not micro-manage employees create a positive working climate. In addition, it is recommended that supervisors and managers should submit their reports/evaluations to their employees in a timely manner and offer constructive feedback. If it is negative, managers should also provide employees with appropriate support to improve their performance. This is vital since job satisfaction is a proxy of productivity or service delivery.
Insecurity of chieftainship and its implication on Botswana’s national security: the case of Bakgatla Ba-Ga-Kgafela
Authors: Rasetshwane Bushy Simon
Published: December 2023

Chieftainship being well anchored to hold the cultural fabric of Botswana together remains an institution of interest to uphold democracy in the country. Despite this important function, political administration misconstrues the strategic function of chiefs, leading to insecurity of the institution of Chieftainship. A case in point in this study is that of the principal chief of Bakgatla-baga-Kgafela. Kgosi Kgafela II was the paramount chief of Bakgatla-baga-Kgafela from 2008 to 2011 when the government of Botswana derecognised him. This is a qualitative study that used documents as the main source of data collection. The study analysed the sequence of events and activities during Kgafela’s tenure as a Chief till he fled the country to South Africa in 2012. While there is existing literature on how chieftainship has posed a threat after democratic consolidation in many African states, not much has been done on Bakgata-ba-ga-Kgafela’s case. Documents were analysed in line with the theory of societal security which states that when a referent object is faced with an existential threat it develops a mechanism to ensure its survival. In this case, the study seeks to evaluate if there are implications for Botswana’s national security as Chiefs respond to such societal threats. Further to determine if tribesmen continue to be loyal to their chiefs. The main findings of this study were that; Kgosi Kgafela, declared that the bogosiinstitution is threatened. The institution still seeks to find itself in the governance structures with power and decision-making. Bakagtla reacted to the threats, through initiatives that the community itself carries out and also moved the matter to the political sphere and put the matter as a state agenda item which is in line with propositions of societal security.
Do executive orders lead to better policy outputs than the traditional policy process? the case of Botswana
Authors: Molokwane Thekiso , Radipodi Kgosi , Bodilenyane Keratilwe
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the effectiveness of Presidential Directives in comparison to the traditional policy process in Botswana. More precisely, the study determines whether the use of Presidential Directives is a more efficient and effective means of achieving policy outputs, as compared to the traditional policy process. To achieve this, the study conducted a comprehensive analysis of policies and Presidential Directives in Botswana, examining the processes through which they were formulated, implemented, and evaluated. The methodological approach adopted includes an intrepretivist research paradigm as well as a qualitative research approach for both data collection and analysis. Results reveals that Presidential directives achieve outputs faster and more effectively than the traditional policy process, Presidential Directives may have some advantages in terms of speed and flexibility, but they are not necessarily more effective than the traditional policy process in achieving their planned outcomes, policy process, which involves stakeholder consultation, evidence-based decision-making and comprehensive analysis of the policy context, is a more reliable and effective means of policy-making in the long term. However, the study also found that there are some areas where Presidential Directives may be more appropriate, such as in emergency situations or when quick decisions are required. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of different approaches to policy-making in Botswana, and its findings have important implications for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers in the field of public policy. The study recommends transparency and accountability; stakeholder engagement; evidence-based policy-making and comprehensive policy evaluation.
Understanding good governance: voices of rural people in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo-Ayibiowu Oluwakemi Damola
Published: December 2023

Scholars and policymakers widely acknowledge the critical role of good governance in rural development and poverty reduction. Unfortunately, decades of good governance reforms have not reduced poverty in Nigeria. But what is good governance? The problem is that the working definition and popularized principles of good governance do not actually emanate from the poor. Moreover, there is a lack of contextualization of the concept of good governance within the Nigerian context. Rather, donors’ institutional understanding is universalized through the imposition of a good governance agenda. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the concept of good governance through the lens of rural communities in south-west Nigeria. Understanding good governance from the viewpoint of local citizens, who are the recipients of governance reforms, is vital for effective targeted reform. The study is based on the premise that communities possess a deep understanding of their own social circumstances and possess the capacity to express their unique insights. Employing Participatory Action Research (PAR) and qualitative methods like semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, the research engaged a purposively selected sample from three rural communities in south-west Nigeria. The findings revealed that, for these communities, good governance primarily involves the government's ability to meet basic needs and provide welfare-enhancing infrastructure. Conversely, bad governance is characterized by declining welfare, economic hardship, and inadequate infrastructure. Interestingly, participants did not prioritize reforms like regular elections or anti-corruption measures as core attributes of good governance, although they did not oppose these aspects. This study underscores the need to incorporate the perspectives of local citizens in defining good governance, allowing for homegrown solutions that might offer quicker and cost-effective strategies for development.
An integrated leadership approach in improving service delivery in health care
Authors: Naidoo Goonasagree , Mafora Puni Peter
Published: December 2023

This study explored the relationship between leadership styles adopted by managers in the district hospital in the Limpopo province in South Africa (SA) and service delivery to rural communities in the area. This study was essential as over 70% of district hospitals in SA are non-compliant with meeting its service delivery commitments. There was a need to investigate whether the challenges associated with the poor service delivery were related to the leadership styles adopted by managers in the district hospital. Both transformational and transactional leadership styles formed the basis of the study. A quantitative research methodology and case study were used. A Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to determine which leadership styles were adopted and the outcomes at the hospital. The survey was completed by seventy managers in the hospital. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that certain leadership styles, as well as attributes impacted on service delivery to communities. The data suggested that, although some transformational leadership traits were exhibited by managers at the hospital, this had not necessarily led to improved service delivery to communities. The study was therefore critical, as it has become evident to policymakers that an expansion in the scope and quality of health care to rural communities in SA is vital. Recommendations were made for the improvement of service delivery by the hospital. An integrated leadership approach is therefore essential with a view to addressing challenges in the hospital and improving service delivery to the community.
Conceptualising a research interrogating of management functions in the South African National Defence Force
Authors: De Ridder Mornay , Wotela Kambidima
Published: December 2023

South African Defence Review 2015 found that the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is in significant decline and will lose important military capabilities in the long term if nothing is done. In a shrinking defense budget, general rhetoric blames aging equipment and staff for the decline. However, managerial issues in the SANDF may be to blame for the decline. We examined academic and other literature to find the origin of this problem and found that the SANDF does not use any systems management methodology to manage tasks. This peculiarity hinders SANDF management and prevents it from providing credible defense to South Africa. We found that empirical studies on SANDF management are scarce and failed to explain this oddity. To understand why the SANDF's application inherent management functions fail to provide a genuine defense capacity, this paper proposes a cognitive technique to conceptualize an empirical investigation beyond a literature review. We propose a systems management approach based on the Administrative Theory of Management, Neoclassical Theory of Management, and General Systems Theory frameworks in management education. We believe that empirical public and management research may create defence capabilities management understanding. This premise guides our study conceptualization by outlining the research context and then doing a research problem analysis to find the knowledge gap. To examine the literature, we use thematic summative content analysis. The research conceptualisation—problem statement, purpose statement, research questions, strategy, design, process, and methods, and interpretative frameworks—is based on this analysis. On the latter, we expect to write later.
ВЕРХНІЙ ОДЯГ У ГАРДЕРОБІ ВОЛИНСЬКИХ МІЩАН ЛИТОВСЬКОЇ ДОБИ
Authors: Тарасюк М.
Published: December 2023

У статті описано різновиди верхнього одягу волинських міщан на по-чатку — в середині XVI ст. Додатково авторка перевіряє припущення, щоміщанський та селянський верхній одяг відрізнявся за оздобленням та ма-теріалами, проте його види повторювались у гардеробі обох прошарківсуспільства. Встановлено, що у гардеробі міщан були: серм’яги, сукмани,кожухи, жупани та жупиці, опанчі, гуні, однорядки, рідше шуби та делії.Для пошиття послуговувалися місцевими та імпортними тканинами (делондонські — найпопулярніші), найтиповішим баранячим та овечим хутром,а хутром дичини оздоблювали переважно окремі елементи верхнього одягу.Важливу роль відігравала оздоба.Ключові слова: верхній одяг, гардероб, повсякдення, міщани, селяни, Волинь, Велике Князівство Литовське, пізнє середньовіччя, XVI ст.
ПЕНСІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРАВОСЛАВНОГО ПАРАФІЯЛЬНОГО ДУХОВЕНСТВА У ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХІХ — НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ ст. (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ЄПАРХІЇ)
Authors: Тацієнко В. , Тацієнко Н.
Published: December 2023

У статті на прикладі Київської єпархії простежено механізми нара-хування пенсій православному парафіяльному духовенству як важливогоскладника системи соціального захисту. Зазначено, що започаткували пен-сійне забезпечення священників «Тимчасові правила…» 1866 р. Остаточнож пенсійну систему для православного духовенства було сформовано лишена початку ХХ ст., і вона охоплювала всі категорії парафіяльного кліру.Важливими для забезпечення духовенства були місцеві джерела — Емери-тальна каса, Каса одноразової допомоги.Ключові слова: пенсія, одноразова допомога, православне духовенство, Київська єпархія, Св. Синод.
ЕКОНОМІЧНА ПОЛІТИКА РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ОКУПАЦІЙНОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ В СХІДНІЙ ГАЛИЧИНІ (СЕРПЕНЬ 1914 — ЧЕРВЕНЬ 1915 рр.)
Authors: Кучера І. , Гайналь Т. , Даниляк Р.
Published: December 2023

У статті розкрито заходи російської адміністрації Тимчасового військо-вого генерал-губернаторства Галичини в промисловому секторі економікикраю, вказано матеріальні збитки, завдані йому під час відступу російськихвійськ у ході Горлицької операції. Охарактеризовано фінансову та податко-ву політику окупаційних органів влади, з’ясовано масштаби реквізицій таїх вплив на поглиблення кризи в економіці Східної Галичини.Ключові слова: економічна політика, промисловий сектор економіки, Перша світова війна, російська окупаційна адміністрація, реквізиції, фіскальна політика, фінансова політика, Східна Галичина.
Еволюція політичної участі українців у Другій Речі Посполитій
Authors: Перга Ю. , Пашов Р. , Махно O.
Published: December 2023

Статтю присвячено викликам, з якими зіткнулися демократичніінституції у 1920-х рр., з особливим акцентом на Другій Речі Посполитій.Досліджено стратегії, які використовували комуністичні сили, щобуникнути обмежень на свою діяльність, використовуючи демократичніпроцеси у власних цілях. Центральне місце в цьому аналізі посідаютьукраїнські громади в регіонах Хелм і Підляшшя, які стали ключовимицілями для комуністичної інтеграції й демократичної підривної діяльності.У дослідженні розглядаються перетворення організаційних осередків натаємні осередки Комуністичної партії Західної України, перетвореннягазети на знаряддя політичної пропаганди та вплив на місцеву думкудля сприяння виборам прокомуністичних посадовців до Сейму й СенатуРеспубліки Польща. У статті висвітлено складну динаміку українськоїполітичної активності в цю епоху та її наслідки для розуміння ширшоїкризи в демократичних інститутах.Ключові слова: політична участь, криза демократії, Друга польська республіка, українська меншина, політична партія, громадська організація.
ПОЗБАВЛЕННЯ ВИБОРЧИХ ПРАВ ПОДІЛЬСЬКОГО СЕЛЯНСТВА ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ РАДЯНСЬКОГО ТОТАЛІТАРНОГО РЕЖИМУ
Authors: Стадник О. , Кузьмінець Н.
Published: December 2023

У статті ретроспективно проаналізовано становлення і еволюцію радян-ської виборчої системи та практики її реалізації в період нової економічноїполітики на прикладі Подільського регіону (сучасні Вінницька і Хмельницькаобл.); показано методи діяльності партійно-радянських органів, спрямованихна позбавлення виборчих прав окремих категорій мешканців як засобу забезпе-чення підконтрольності та передбачуваності виборів та як форми соціальноїдискримінації й нейтралізації значної частини незадоволених більшовицькимрежимом. Автори на основі аналізу виявлених архівних матеріалів як основ-ного джерела розглядають форми і методи державної політики, спрямованіна формування механізму підконтрольності та передбачуваності виборчогопроцесу, важливим інструментом якого було створення інституту позбав-ленців. Простежено тогочасні правові й політичні підстави позбавлення ви-борчих прав у ході виборчих кампаній 1921–1928 рр. З позицій конкретногорегіонального дослідження охарактеризовано специфіку виборчого процесуна Поділлі в контексті становлення радянської виборчої системи.Ключові слова: радянська влада, виборча система, виборчі права, позбавленці, Поділля, нова економічна політика, селянство.
УРЯДОВІ ПОСТАНОВИ НА ШПАЛЬТАХ РАЙОННОЇ ПРЕСИ 1932–1933 рр. ЯК ЗАСІБ ФОРМУВАННЯ ВИКРИВЛЕНИХ УЯВЛЕНЬ ПРО ОРГАНІЗАТОРІВ ГОЛОДОМОРУ (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ ГАЗЕТ КИЇВСЬКОЇ ТА ЧЕРНІГІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛ.)
Authors: Якубовський І. , Старовойт С.
Published: December 2023

Визначаючи коло нормативних документів для публікації в районній пресі,центральна влада в Москві одночасно переймалася формуванням у свідомо-сті селян специфічних уявлень про причетність союзного та республікан-ського центрів до нав’язування українському селянству сценарію Голодо-мору. Вибірковий друк лише тих нормативних актів, які стосувалися усьо-го СРСР й не містили норм, безпосередньо спрямованих на виникнення чиескалацію Голодомору в Україні в очах селян перекладали відповідальністьна владні інституції УСРР.Ключові слова: Голодомор, геноцид, преса, постанови, влада, СРСР, УСРР.
Перший український випробувальний артилерійський полігон: створення і початок діяльності (1931–1941)
Authors: Кушлакова Н. , Савчук В.
Published: December 2023

З перших днів незалежності України воєнна безпека набула актуально-сті, а в сучасних умовах на перший план вийшли й проблеми зміцнення обо-роноздатності. Досвід створення та діяльності провідних підприємствоборонної промисловості України ХХ ст. може стати в нагоді. Одним зтаких підприємств став Павлоградський механічний завод із його випро-бувальним полігоном. За допомогою обраного теоретико-методологічногоінструментарію було зроблено історичну реконструкцію народження таперших років діяльності Павлоградського артилерійського випробувальногополігону. Спираючись на першоджерела, визначено основні завдання поліго-ну — контрольні випробування боєприпасів. У дослідженні з’ясовано, що втой період не існувало жодного навчального закладу, цивільного чи військо-вого, де готували б керівні кадри для полігонів, тому майже все керівниц-тво полігону становили військові, які набиралися відповідного досвіду підчас практичної діяльності. Висвітлено окремі епізоди життя і діяльностіперших начальників Павлоградського випробувального полігону. Дослідже-но діяльність полігону в довоєнний період, оцінено його результативністьза двома основними показниками: кількістю пострілів та тривалістю ви-пробування однієї партії певного виду боєприпасів. Встановлено, що 1938 р.Павлоградський артилерійський полігон набув статусу галузевого з випро-бування авіаційних боєприпасів. З’ясовано, що напередодні Другої світовоївійни полігон загалом відповідав сучасним вимогам й успішно випробову-вав боєприпаси. Випробувальну базу Павлоградського полігону було значнозміцнено, зросли й обсяги випробувань, багато зроблено для випробуванняавіаційних виробів. Доведено, що Павлоградський артилерійський випробу-вальний полігон — перший і єдиний на теренах України у 1930-х рр., ставпотужною випробувальною базою СРСР, яка за обсягами робіт і ефектив-ністю значно перевищувала аналогічні полігони того часу (Софрінський,Чапаєвський, Уральський).Ключові слова: Павлоградський механічний завод, артилерійський полігон, випробування, боєприпаси, Друга світова війна.
ПОГРАБУВАННЯ ЄВРЕЇВ ВІДНЯ, СЛІДИ ЇХ КУЛЬТУРНИХ ЦІНОСТЕЙ І ПРОБЛЕМА РЕСТИТУЦІЇ
Authors: Солошенко В.
Published: December 2023

У статті розкрито особливості віденської моделі експропріації майнаєвреїв у період нацистського панування. Досліджено проблеми пограбуван-ня, переслідування євреїв Відня, конфіскації культурних цінностей, творівживопису та шляхи пошуків слідів їх подальшого розміщення. Проаналізо-вано реальні історії єврейської родини Блох-Бауер — власників і спадкоємцівкартин Густава Клімта «Портрет Аделі Блох-Бауер I» («Золота Адель»)та інших пограбованих мешканців Відня єврейського походження. Встанов-лено, за яких обставин «Портрет Аделі Блох-Бауер I», що залишився цілимі неушкодженим під час Другої світової війни, опинився далеко за межамиАвстрії. Висвітлено значення цих культурних шедеврів для Австрії й ав-стрійців, а також з’ясовуються варіативні можливості їх подальшої долі.Проаналізовано проблеми, пов’язані з пошуками та реституцією приватнихі державних зібрань Республіки Австрія, розграбованих під час пануваннянацистського режиму. Наведено характерні приклади пограбованих творівживопису, окреслено шляхи їх повернення законним власникам або реституціїкраїні походження, розкрито історії вже повернутих культурних об’єктів.Ключові слова: євреї, нацизм, антисемітизм, Відень, пограбування, культурні цінності, реституція, портрет Аделі Блох-Бауер, національний символ, Густав Клімт.
КУРСЬКА СТРАТЕГІЧНА ОБОРОННА ОПЕРАЦІЯ (5–23 ЛИПНЯ 1943 р.): ЗДОБУТКИ ТА ПРОРАХУНКИ ЩОДО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ БРОНЕТАНКОВИХ І МЕХАНІЗОВАНИХ ВІЙСЬК
Authors: Кривизюк Л. , Заболотнюк В.
Published: December 2023

Статтю присвячено дослідженню застосування бронетанкових і меха-нізованих військ під час проведення Курської стратегічної оборонної опера-ції військ Червоної армії. Проаналізовано місце та роль великих танковихоб’єднань під час підготовки й проведення контрударів та дій в обороні у другій смузі й наступних оборонних рубежах, а також окремих танковихбригад і полків у першій смузі оборони для безпосередньої підтримки піхо-ти стрілецьких з’єднань.Ключові слова: Курська стратегічна оборонна операція, Ставка ВГК, фронт, танкова армія, танковий корпус, бригада, противник.
ВЗАЄМОДІЯ МІЖ ПОЛЬСЬКИМИ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКИМИ ДІЯЧАМИ КУЛЬТУРИ У СФЕРІ ВАЖКОЇ Й АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЇ МУЗИКИ (2013–2021 рр.)
Authors: Алексієвець Л. , Стойків А.
Published: December 2023

У статті досліджено українсько-польські відносини в сфері важкоїй альтернативної музики, проаналізовано їх розвиток, визначено етапи з2013 до 2021 рр., у межах яких виокремлено головні елементи та відмінно-сті між культурними контактами Польщі та України. Концептуалізовановідповідність співпраці музикантів до юридично закріплених взаємопова-ги та добросусідських відносин, підсумовано значення співпраці в культурі.Ключові слова: Україна, Польща, музика, культура, фестиваль, турне, концерт, культурна співпраця.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ В ІСТОРИЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ
Authors: Куцька О. , Фурман І.
Published: December 2023

У статті аналізуються віхи впровадження в історичні дослідженняматематичних методів та висвітлюються приклади їх наукового застосу-вання в дисциплінах, що вивчають минуле. Виокремлюється низка проблем,пов’язаних з математичними підрахунками, узагальненням предметів (фак-тів, явищ) за типами (серіями), формуваннями вибірок тощо. Встановлено,що описові й математичні підходи в історичних наукових пошуках повинніперебувати в позиції взаємодоповнення.Ключові слова: квантитативна історія, математизація історичної інформації, історична статистика, історична демографія, історичне моделювання,контент-аналіз, теорія ймовірностей
ADJUSTING THE PARAMETERS OF MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS TO IMPROVE THE SPEED AND ACCURACY OF TRAFFIC CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Astrakhantsev Andrii , Globa Larysa , Davydiuk Andrii , Sushko Oleksandra
Published: December 2023

Background. Telecommunications developments lead to new mobile network technologies and especially 5G, which has only recently been launched, sixth generation of which is already under active development. The development of new technologies influence on both types of mobile traffic (V2V, IoT) and leads to the significant increase in the volume of existing traffic types. Currently, existing methods of traffic processing are not adapted to such changes, which may lead to a deterioration in the quality of service.

Objective. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms to solve the task of traffic classification in mobile networks in real time.

Methods. The method of solving the problem of increasing the efficiency of information processing is the introduction of new algorithms for traffic classification and prioritization. In this regard, the paper presents the urgent task of analyzing the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms to solve the task of traffic classification in mobile networks in real time.

Results. Comparison indicated the best accuracy of the ANN algorithm that was achieved with the number of hidden layers of the network equal to 200. Also, the research results showed that different applications have different recognition accuracy, which does not depend on the total number of packets in the dataset.

Conclusions. This proceeding solves the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of the mobile communication system through the use of machine learning algorithms for traffic classification. In this regard, it can be concluded that the most promising is the application of algorithms based on ANN. In future the aspect of anomaly detection based on traffic classification and traffic pattern preparation should be investigated, as this process allows detecting attacks to network infrastructure and increase mobile network security.
INDICATORS OF INFORMATION FEATURES FOR RECOGNISING THE STATE OF SOURCES AND OBJECTS OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS
Authors: Ilnytskyi Аnatolii , Oleg Tsukanov
Published: December 2023

Background. The majority of modern procedures for the recognition of radio sources and objects are based on the use of binary and multivalued logic, which have low specific features. The essence of the issues is to compare a priori knowledge and a posteriori data coming from the surveillance means and to make a decision on the recognition of a radio emission object. A priori knowledge and a posteriori data are formed both before and during the recognition process on the basis of sets of information features or information signatures. At the same time, when constructing an integral indicator for determining the affiliation and status of sources and objects, it is necessary to know the weighting coefficients of information features, the determination of which is a rather difficult task. Therefore, the issue of determining the weighting coefficients that characterise information features remains an urgent task in the field of statistical radio engineering.

Objective. The purpose of the paper is to select and substantiate a simple and effective method for calculating the weighting coefficients of information features for the implementation of the methodology for recognising radio sources and objects.

Methods. Decision-making on the value of the weighting coefficients of information features of the recognition objects belonging to a certain class is based on the results of calculations using one of the three Fishburne formulae, which, in comparison with the known methods of expert assessments, are very simple and understandable, do not require any additional research and complex calculations.

Results. The procedure is proposed and an example of using the Fishburne method (three formulae) in calculating the value of the weighting coefficients of information features for recognising sources and objects of radio monitoring is considered.

Conclusions. Comparison of the method of calculating the weighting coefficients using Fishburne's formulae with other known methods of expert assessments shows that there is no need to interview experts and process their analysis results; there are no restrictive implementation conditions; it is easy to take into account additional information about the indicators, if necessary; no software implementation with a complex search algorithm is required; it is easy to make any changes as additional information indicators.
AUTOMATED WORKFLOWS FOR ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF FUNCTIONING OF SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Novogrudska Rina , Siemens Eduard , Pidnebesnyy Andrii , Shelest Yegor
Published: December 2023

Background. The effectiveness of functioning is a particularly important characteristic for organizations involved in the field of science and education, since the future level of state development and the life of its citizens depends on the quality of the services they provide. There are certain generally accepted principles of such organizations evaluation that is set by relevant normative documents. Nowadays important tasks are optimization and automatization of such processes.

Objective. The aim of the paper is to propose and develop a workflow model for automating and optimizing the procedure for evaluating scientific and educational institutions.

Methods. We use approaches to business process modelling and basic principles of workflow modelling, namely BPMN notation was chosen as the notation to model elements of workflows for assessing the quality of scientific and educational institutions functioning, and Camunda Modeler was used as the development environment.

Results. Conceptual model of the work process for assessing the quality of scientific and educational institutions functioning was proposed, which made it possible to generalize and formalize such an assessment process. Developed using BPMN models of workflow were used to test proposed conceptual model and prove its effectiveness for automating the process of assessing the quality of scientific and educational institutions functioning.

Conclusions. Mechanism of modelling the process of assessing the quality of scientific and educational institutions functioning proposed in the paper gave basis and means for such process optimization and automatization.
POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVING THE VOICE SERVICES QUALITY IN 5G NETWORKS
Authors: Ivan Vetoshko , Kravchuk Serhii
Published: December 2023

Background. The introduction of fifth-generation (5G) networks creates new opportunities for fast and continuous data exchange, but there are still some problems with the quality of voice services in such networks. With the rapid development of technology and the further spread of 5G, there is a need to understand the impact of key aspects of 5G on voice quality. This requires research that can systematically analyse the features of 5G networks that affect the quality of voice services.

Objective. Identification of ways to improve the quality of voice services in 5G networks. Assessment of key indicators of voice service quality in 5G networks. Determination of the best option for the gradual transition to the Standalone mode and the use of VoNR technology in the fifth generation networks.

Methods. Analysis of factors affecting the quality of voice services in fifth-generation networks. Analysis of well-known publications on the implementation of 5G networks. Comparison of the implementation of Non-Standalone and Standalone modes in the 5G network. Testing of the modern EVS codec, which provides an opportunity to improve the customer experience.

Results. Confirmation that 5G networks can significantly improve the quality of voice services compared to previous mobile communication technologies such as 4G and 3G. Certain factors that may affect the quality of voice services and require additional attention when planning and deploying 5G networks are identified. The optimal steps for the transition to the Standalone mode and the use of VoNR technology in fifth-generation networks are determined. The main differences in the QoS architecture between LTE and 5G are identified, and the purpose of DRB flows for separating traffic types and services is established.

Conclusions. It has been confirmed that 5G networks can significantly improve the quality of voice services compared to previous technologies such as 4G and 3G. This is possible due to the broadband capabilities of 5G networks, improved data transmission, low latency, the use of an advanced EVS codec and reduced response time. However, certain factors, such as network coverage, optimisation level and traffic characteristics, can affect the quality of voice services and require additional attention when planning and deploying 5G networks. The QoS management architecture consists of QoS flows, which allow separating packet assignment to flows (managed by the CN) from the assignment of DRB flows (managed by the RAN). As 5G networks are being rolled out gradually, it is important to properly integrate the 5G domain into the existing telecoms provider's network. The transition from Non-Standalone to Dual connectivity is a necessary step for the implementation of VoNR technology in Standalone mode. Using the modern EVS codec allows not only improving the customer experience, but also introducing new voice services.
Study of the modernized single-screw extruder body energy efficiency
Authors: Vytvytskyi Viktor , Vytvytskyi Vladyslav , Mikulionok Ihor , Sokolskyi Oleksandr , Shylovych Tetiana
Published: December 2023

The subject of the study is the energy efficiency of the polymer extrusion process in a single-screw extruder for the polymer materials processing.

The purpose of the research is to improve the design of the feeding section of the single-screw extruder cylinder, which consists in placing thermal paste in the gap between the connecting cylindrical surfaces of the removable cylindrical sleeve and the channel of the feeding section cylinder, which reduces the thermal resistance of the section wall and improves heat transfer from the processed material to the cooling water, and therefore, it makes it possible to reduce its consumption.

To check the energy efficiency of the proposed technical solution, thermal calculation of the basic and modernized structures of the feeding section cylinder was performed in the Steady Thermal model of the Ansys program. Polyvinyl chloride brand SorVyl G 2171/9005 11/01 was chosen as a recyclable polymer, alloy steel as the material of the feeding section elements, and thermal paste with a thermal conductivity of 4 W/(m·K) as a filler for the annular space between the cylinder and the sleeve.

The analysis of the calculations showed that the use of thermal paste instead of air in the gap between the cylinder and the removable cylindrical sleeve reduces the thermal resistance of the cylinder wall by 9 %, while with the traditional method of assembling the extruder body, the temperature on the inner surface of the sleeve was 67.5 °C, and under the condition application of thermal paste – 61.5 °C. At the same time, the temperature field along the length of the feeding section of the cylinder is also equalized. In addition, it is worth noting that the type of thermal paste used has almost no effect on the thermal resistance of the section wall, so in the proposed design it is possible to use low-cost thermal paste (replacing the thermal paste with a thermal conductivity of 4 W/(m·K) with a more effective one with a thermal conductivity of 8.4 W/(m·K) reduced the temperature on the inner surface of the sleeve by only 1 K).

The proposed improvement of the feeding section of the cylinder of a single-screw extruder can be applied not only in the polymer processing industry, but also in the food and processing industries in the construction of screw machines for various purposes.

Reducing the thermal resistance of the cylinder section wall of the single-screw extruder ensures a reduction in the flow of cooling water circulating in the cylinder channel and equalizes the temperature field along the length of the feeding section of the cylinder, and therefore prevents premature melting of the polymer and ensures reliable generation of pressure in the working channel of the extruder.
The control problem of the burning process carbonaceous products
Authors: Putiatin Redrikh , Zhuchenko Аnatolii
Published: December 2023

Feasibility of model predictive control is shown based on the analysis of the existing control systems for carbonaceous products burning of the carbon graphite production. The considered restrictions that should be imposed on the control to ensure, on the one hand, the required duration of the burning process to achieve the required conditions by all the blanks and, on the other hand, to prevent overheating of the blanks, which leads to an excess of the permissible temperature difference in the blanks and, therefore, to product defects. The mathematical formulation of the control problem is shown, the purpose of which is to increase the energy efficiency of the burning process, considering structural and technological limitations.
Biochemical indicators used in ecological monitoring of surface waters
Authors: Vember Valeriia , Hlushko Olena , Lavrynenko Olena , Isniuk Sofiia
Published: December 2023

The work is devoted to the search for promising test systems for ecological monitoring of surface waters by comparing the effectiveness of detecting low concentrations of various types of pesticides in the aquatic environment by traditional morphological and biochemical research methods.

Allium cepa L. and the hydatophyte plant Elodea canadensis Michx. were used as test objects because it is immersed in the aquatic environment during its entire life cycle and is in the most complete contact with all the toxicants present in the water.

It was found that the traditionally used test reactions of plants cannot always reflect a potentially dangerous exceedance of the MPC of toxicants in the aquatic environment.

The possibility of using catalase activity as a sensitive bioassay for the presence of low concentrations of herbicides with different mechanisms of action in the water environment was investigated.

Correlation analysis has been conducted, and Pearson's coefficients have been calculated to quantify the relationship between the concentration of herbicides present in water and the degree of manifestation of test reactions by the research objects.

The highest level of correlation between the increase in the concentration of herbicides in water and the test reactions of elodea was demonstrated by biochemical indicators, and the higher significance of the correlation was observed at 4-day exposure of plants in the presence of the herbicide.
Determination of the efficiency of oxygen removal from water from the ratio of the concentrations of sodium sulfite and the iron catalyst
Authors: Gomelya Mykola , Holiaka Andrii
Published: December 2023

The main issue of corrosion activity is the removal of oxygen from water. Under certain conditions, inhibitors-passivators are effective. Other methods based on thermal and vacuum deaeration of water. These methods are energy-consuming and do not provide the necessary quality of water, so chemical reagents are used for deep deoxidation of water regardless of secondary pollution.

In this work, distilled water with a certain concentration of oxygen was placed in a hermetic container. The calculated amount of sodium sulfite solution (sodium metabisulfite) was added to the water and after certain intervals the oxygen concentration in the water was recorded using an oxygen meter, the sensor of which was placed in the container before. In another series of experiments, calculated amounts of sodium sulfite and iron sulfate solutions were added to the water, the container was quickly closed and the oxygen concentration in the water was recorded at certain intervals.

It has been shown that in distilled water at room temperature, sodium sulfite interacts very slowly with oxygen. In 1 hour, the rate of oxygen recovery increases from 27.7 % to 56.9 % when the sulfite concentration increases from 50 to 300 mg/dm3. It was established that iron (II) ions significantly accelerate the rate of oxygen reduction by sulfite already at an iron concentration of 0.1 mg/dm3 at a sulfite concentration of 50-300 mg/dm3. According to the integral kinetic curves of the 0th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd orders, kinetic models of sulfite oxidation in distilled water with oxygen in the presence of iron ions were determined.

It is shown that when the concentration of sulfite increases to 200, 300 mg/dm3, with an iron concentration of 0.5‑1.0 mg/dm3, the oxidation processes follow first-order reactions and their speed is determined by the oxygen concentration. When the concentration of iron and sulfite is reduced, the realization of oxidation processes according to the reactions of the 2nd and 3rd orders was noted, when the speed of the process depends not only on the concentration of oxygen, but also on the concentration of sulfite (2nd order) and iron ions (3rd order) .

This work is aimed at solving the relevance of the problem of water deoxidation for water preparation in cooling systems. The direction of the research is very promising considering the satisfactory and effective results obtained and the inexpensive chemical reagents used. Further research will be aimed at finding ideal conditions for the reaction and finding optimal concentrations of reagents while ensuring maximum efficiency of the process, which in turn will bring mankind a solution to the problem of spending large amounts of money, chemical reagents and environmental pollution.
Photocatalytic destruction of organic dyes by titanium dioxide particles doped with gold
Authors: Lavrynenko Olena , Zahornyi Maksim , Vember Valeriia
Published: December 2023

Nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide doped with gold in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.8 wt.% were obtained by the sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide and chlorauric acid. Thermal treatment of precipitates at T = 600 °C led to the formation of highly dispersed anatase powders and increasing the temperature to 1000-1200 °C contributed to the formation of well-crystallized rutile particles. The gold in the structure of the powders is heterogeneously distributed. The size of the primary particles of anatase did not exceed 10 nm, and that of rutile reached 35-46 nm, gradually increasing with increasing processing temperature. The photocatalytic properties of TiO2&Au structures were studied during the decolorization of solutions of organic dyes (Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Methyl Orange, Orange G) with a concentration of 20 mg/dm3. The resulting structures did not show significant sorption activity, and visible light caused a slight desorption of the dyes. At the same time, under the influence of UV irradiation for 60 minutes, the decolorization process took place effectively and was subject to a pseudo-first-order reaction. The biggest photocatalytic activity was shown by the sample of anatase with a gold content of 0.8 wt.%. When it was added into the solution, the degree of decolorization of Rhodamine B reached up to 50%, Methyl Orange - up to 81.5%, Methylene Blue - up to 91%, and Orange G - up to 95.2%. Increasing the efficiency of the destruction of dyes can be achieved by supplementing the photo-catalytic process with a catalytic one.

 

Аcknowledgements : Olena Lavrynenko is supported by the PAUSE program, a national emergency program for scientists and artists in exile, run by the Collège de France