bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of high-performance and energy-efficient CMOS address decoders
Authors: Μπαλόμπας Δημήτριος
Published: February 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή ανήκει στο πεδίο της full-custom σχεδίασης CMOS, προσφέροντας νέες προοπτικές σχεδίασης για διάφορα ψηφιακά κυκλώματα. Αποτελείται από δύο μέρη, τα οποία καλύπτονται από το κυρίως κείμενο και το παράρτημα, αντίστοιχα. Το πρώτο μέρος της διατριβής είναι αφιερωμένο στους αποκωδικοποιητές CMOS, θεμελιώδεις ψηφιακές διατάξεις που υπάρχουν σχεδόν σε κάθε ολοκληρωμένο κύκλωμα. Οι διατάξεις αποκωδικοποιητών αναλύονται διεξοδικά, επανασχεδιάζονται και βελτιστοποιούνται στο επίπεδο τρανζίστορ, χρησιμοποιώντας μια καινούρια σχεδιαστική τεχνική η οποία ονομάζεται Three Transistor Logic (3TL). Εν συνεχεία, η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία εφαρμόζεται στο φυσικό επίπεδο, όπου και παρουσιάζεται η μέθοδος σχεδίασης 3TL matrix layout. Με τη χρήση τεχνολογίας 15 nm FinFET, πραγματοποιείται η προσομοίωση και σχεδίαση κυκλωμάτων αποκωδικοποιητών διαφόρων μεγεθών, καθώς και η σύγκριση της 3TL με τη συμβατική στατική CMOS και άλλες υλοποιήσεις. Τα αποτελέσματα της επακόλουθης συγκριτικής μελέτης δείχνουν ότι τα κυκλώματα 3TL επιτυγχάνουν τα βέλτιστα αποτελέσματα όσον αφορά τη δυναμική κατανάλωση ισχύος, τη στατική κατανάλωση ισχύος και την καθυστέρηση διάδοσης, λόγω της σχεδίασής τους με γνώμονα τη λογική αποδοτικότητα και την ελαχιστοποίηση του αριθμού των τρανζίστορ. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται η πλήρης σχεδίαση αποκωδικοποιητών διεύθυνσης 8×256 στο φυσικό επίπεδο, η οποία περιλαμβάνει μια πυκνή δομή λογικών πυλών κατάλληλη για ολοκλήρωση σε διατάξεις μνήμης και τη λειτουργικότητα sleep mode για ελαχιστοποίηση των ρευμάτων διαρροής όταν το σύστημα βρίσκεται σε αδράνεια. Το δεύτερο μέρος της διατριβής διερευνά τη σχεδίαση διάφορων συνδυαστικών κυκλωμάτων CMOS, όπως αθροιστής στήλης 5-2, κύκλωμα προσαύξησης/μείωσης 64-bit και κωδικοποιητής προτεραιότητας 256-bit. Επίσης, παρουσιάζονται και υλοποιούνται δύο νέες τεχνικές σχεδίασης, οι multiple-output monotonic CMOS (M2CMOS) και Dynamic Inversion (DI). Όλα τα παραπάνω κυκλώματα, τα οποία υλοποιούνται σε τεχνολογία 32 nm MOSFET, βελτιστοποιούνται με στόχο τη μείωση του αριθμού τρανζίστορ, την υψηλή επίδοση και την υψηλή ενεργειακή απόδοση.
Ο συνδυασμός της μαγνητικής τομογραφίας ελάσσονος πυέλου - περινέου και του τρισδιάστατου ενδοπρωκτικού υπερηχογραφήματος στην προεγχειρητική διαγνωστική προσέγγιση των περιεδρικών συριγγίων
Authors: Βαρσάμης Νικόλαος
Published: February 2024

Εισαγωγή: Σχεδιάσαμε μια προοπτική μελέτη διαγνωστικής ακρίβειας, η οποία συνέκρινε τον συνδυασμό της MRI ελάσσονος πυέλου – περινέου και του 3D-EAUS έναντι της MRI μόνης, όσον αφορά την προεγχειρητική διερεύνηση και τα μετεγχειρητικά αποτελέσματα ασθενών που αντιμετωπίστηκαν για περιεδρικά συρίγγια. Υλικό και Μέθοδοι: Το μέγεθος του δείγματος υπολογίστηκε σε 72 ασθενείς και χωρίστηκε σε δύο ομάδες απεικόνισης. Στην πρώτη ομάδα εφαρμόστηκε μόνο MRI ελάσσονος πυέλου – περινέου. Στη δεύτερη ομάδα διενεργήθηκε MRI ελάσσονος πυέλου – περινέου και 3D-EAUS, ενώ θεωρήθηκε ότι οι δύο απεικονίσεις συνδέονταν παράλληλα μεταξύ τους. Η χειρουργική διερεύνηση και θεραπεία των ασθενών έγινε 2 εβδομάδες αργότερα, και θεωρήθηκε η εξέταση αναφοράς (standard reference). Καταγράφηκαν η ταξινόμηση των περιεδρικών συριγγίων κατά Parks, η παρουσία συνοδού αποστηματικής κοιλότητας ή δευτερεύοντος συριγγώδους πόρου, καθώς και η θέση του έσω στομίου του συριγγίου. Όλοι οι ασθενείς επανεκτιμήθηκαν κλινικά τον 6ο μετεγχειρητικό μήνα, έπειτα από την οριστική χειρουργική θεραπεία της νόσου. Αξιολογήθηκαν και καταγράφηκαν η πλήρης επούλωση του χειρουργικού τραύματος και η ύπαρξη ακράτειας κοπράνων, σύμφωνα με την κλίμακα Wexner. Όλα τα συγκεντρωμένα δεδομένα υποβλήθηκαν στην κατάλληλη στατιστική ανάλυση και επεξεργασία. Αποτελέσματα: Η ομάδα MRI συμπεριέλαβε 36 ασθενείς με 42 συρίγγια. Η ομάδα MRI + 3D-EAUS είχε 36 ασθενείς με 46 συρίγγια. Η προσαρμοσμένη ευαισθησία και η προσαρμοσμένη αρνητική προγνωστική αξία είχαν τιμή 1.00 για τους περισσότερους τύπους περιεδρικών συριγγίων, στην ομάδα της συνδυασμένης απεικόνισης. Η προσαρμοσμένη ειδικότητα βελτιώθηκε σημαντικά για τα μεσοσφιγκτηριακά συρίγγια και ελάχιστα για τα εξωσφιγκτηριακά συρίγγια, στην ίδια ομάδα απεικόνισης. Η τιμή της προσαρμοσμένης ισορροπημένης ακρίβειας αυξήθηκε σε όλους τους τύπους περιεδρικών συριγγίων, εκτός από τα ορθοκολπικά συρίγγια, τα οποία φάνηκε πως απεικονίζονταν καλύτερα μόνο με την MRI. Ο συνδυασμός των απεικονιστικών μεθόδων είχε αυξημένη διαγνωστική ακρίβεια μόνο για τον εντοπισμό πιθανού δευτερεύοντος συριγγώδους πόρου. Το ποσοστό επούλωσης του χειρουργικού τραύματος στους 6 μήνες ήταν 100%. Η ακράτεια κοπράνων δεν παρουσίασε καμία στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων απεικόνισης στου 6 μήνες (Fisher's exact test p-value > 0.9). Οι ασθενείς με σύνθετα περιεδρικά συρίγγια είχαν στατιστικώς σημαντικά μεγαλύτερη πιθανότητα να υποβληθούν σε επαναληπτικό χειρουργείο για την οριστική θεραπεία της νόσου τους (x² test p-value = 0.019). Συμπεράσματα: Ο συνδυασμός της MRI και του 3D-EAUS έδειξε αυξημένα μέτρα διαγνωστικής ακρίβειας και θα πρέπει να χρησιμοποιείται σε όλους τους ασθενείς με περιεδρικά συρίγγια, ειδικά σε αυτούς με σύνθετου τύπου.
Η επίδραση της φυσικής δραστηριότητας στο σύνδρομο επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης και στην ποιότητα ζωής νοσηλευτών που εργάζονται στο τμήμα επειγόντων περιστατικών δημόσιων νοσοκομείων
Authors: Λερίδης Ιωάννης
Published: February 2024

Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να διερευνήσει την επίδραση της φυσικής δραστηριότητας, καθώς και να συγκρίνει, την επίδραση τριών βραχυπρόθεσμων προγραμμάτων άσκησης στο σύνδρομο επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης και στην ποιότητα ζωής των νοσηλευτών που εργάζονται στο τμήμα επειγόντων περιστατικών δημόσιων νοσοκομείων. Δείγμα για την προκαταρκτική έρευνα αποτέλεσαν 476 νοσηλευτές των τμημάτων επειγόντων περιστατικών της 3ης,4ης και 5ης υγειονομικής περιφέρειας. Οι συμμετέχοντες συμπλήρωσαν ερωτηματολόγια στα οποία αξιολογούνταν η επαγγελματική εξουθένωση, η ποιότητα ζωής και η φυσική δραστηριότητα. Όσον αφορά το παρεμβατικό πρόγραμμα άσκησης συμμετείχαν 40 νοσηλευτές του τμήματος επειγόντων περιστατικών του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου Καβάλας. Οι νοσηλευτές χωρίστηκαν σε τέσσερις ισάριθμες ομάδες α) ομάδα γενικών ασκήσεων β) ομάδα pilates γ) ομάδα yoga δ) ομάδα ελέγχου. Έγιναν μετρήσεις για την αξιολόγηση της φυσικής κατάστασης αλλά και για το επίπεδο της επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης και της ποιότητας ζωής πριν την έναρξη καθώς και μετά τη λήξη του προγράμματος. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν οι στατιστικές αναλύσεις Τwo-way Manova, Two-Way repeated measures, One-way Anova και Τ-Test. Από τα αποτελέσματα φάνηκε ότι οι νοσηλευτές με υψηλή και μέτρια φυσική δραστηριότητα έχουν χαμηλότερα επίπεδα επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης και μεγαλύτερα σκόρ στους δείκτες της ποιότητας ζωής σε σχέση με τους νοσηλευτές με χαμηλό επίπεδο φυσικής δραστηριότητας. Συμπερασματικά το επίπεδο της φυσικής δραστηριότητας σχετίζεται σημαντικά με την επαγγελματική εξουθένωση και την ποιότητα ζωής των νοσηλευτών, αλλά το είδος της φυσικής δραστηριότητας σχετίζεται στατιστικά μόνο με τους δείκτες της ποιότητας ζωής.
Η λουτροθεραπεία ως μέσο αποκατάστασης και βελτίωσης της ποιότητας ζωής σε άτομα με μυοσκελετικά προβλήματα
Authors: Ιωαννίδου Μαρία
Published: February 2024

Νεότερες έρευνες δείχνουν ότι τα Ιαματικά Λουτρά συμβάλουν στην βελτίωση της Ποιότητα Ζωής των ασθενών με μυοσκελετικά προβλήματα. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να βρεθεί η συσχέτιση της Λουτροθεραπείας με τη θεραπεία και αποκατάσταση από τραυματισμούς και μυοσκελετικά προβλήματα. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη χρήση ερωτηματολογίων, τα οποία δόθηκαν από την ερευνήτρια, σε δείγμα 200 ατόμων, το 2019, δια ζώσης και ακολούθησε τηλεφωνική επικοινωνία έναν χρόνο μετά προκειμένου να συγκριθούν τα αποτελέσματα. Η τηλεφωνική επικοινωνία πραγματοποιήθηκε στα 195 άτομα, καθώς κάποιοι απεβίωσαν και άλλοι άλλαξαν τηλέφωνο. Να σημειωθεί ότι ανάλογα με τα μυοσκελετικά προβλήματα που δήλωσε ο κάθε ερωτώμενος στο βασικό πιλοτικό ερωτηματολόγιο, κλήθηκε μετά να απαντήσει στα εξειδικευμένα ερωτηματολόγια που αφορούσαν το κάθε πρόβλημά του. Για προβλήματα στη μέση συμπληρώθηκε επίσης το ερωτηματολόγιο Roland - Morris. Για προβλήματα και στα γόνατα συμπλήρωνε και το αντίστοιχο ερωτηματολόγιο γόνατος KOOS Greek version LK1.0 October 2012. Κατά τον ίδιο τρόπο συμπληρώθηκαν κατά περίπτωση και τα ερωτηματολόγια. The Quick DASH OUTCOME MEASURE GREEK VERSION που αφορά στα προβλήματα του χεριού, καθώς και το ερωτηματολόγιο WOMAC που αφορά σε προβλήματα οστεοαρθρίτιδας Ισχίου και γόνατος. Η στατιστική επεξεργασία των απαντήσεων πραγματοποιήθηκε με το στατιστικό πρόγραμμα επεξεργασίας στοχείων SPSS 20. Η μελέτη έδειξε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά πριν και μετά τη λουτροθεραπεία. Τα μυοσκελετικά προβλήματα επιφέρουν σημαντικές επιπτώσεις στην υγεία και την Ποιότητα Ζωής των ασθενών. Ειδικότερα, μεταξύ των απαντήσεων των ερωτηματολογίων του 2019 και του 2020 φάνηκε ότι οι απαντήσεις το 2020 έδειξαν καλύτερη υγεία και καλύτερα αποτελέσματα στα επίπεδα δυσκαμψίας και πόνου. Επίσης, τα αποτελέσματά του ερωτηματολογίου DASH έδειξαν ότι το 2020 η επίδραση της λουτροθεραπείας επέφερε καλύτερα αποτελέσματα στην ικανότητα του δείγματος να εκτελεί συγκεκριμένες εργασίες. Οι βαθμολογίες κατά τη διάρκεια της παρακολούθησης του ενός έτους στις διαστάσεις «Συμπτώματα», «Δυσκαμψία», «Πόνος», «Λειτουργία στην καθημερινότητα» και «Ποιότητα Ζωής» βρέθηκαν να μεταβάλλονται σημαντικά κατά τη διάρκεια παρακολούθησης. Όσον αφορά στη διάσταση «Λειτουργία στον αθλητισμό και τις ψυχαγωγικές δραστηριότητες» δεν υπήρξαν στατιστικές διαφορές ανάμεσα στην αρχική μέτρηση και ένα έτος μετά.
Katsambekis, G. and Kioupkiolis, A. (Eds.) (2019). The populist radical left in Europe. Routledge (228 pages). ISBN: 9780367731175.
Authors: Σπυροπούλου Βίβιαν
Published: February 2024

Ν/Α
7.R.1. Desmond, William D. (2006) The Greek praise of poverty: origins of ancient cynicism
Authors: Steinrück Martin
Published: February 2024

Desmond, William D. (2006) The Greek praise of poverty: origins of ancient cynicism. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. XIV, 240 p. ISBN 0-268-02582-7 (pb). Price: £26.00.
7.R.5. Artés Hernández, José Antonio (2005) Pseudo-Demetrio: Tipos de cartas - Pseudo-Libanio: Clases de cartas
Authors: Volt Ivo
Published: February 2024

Artés Hernández, José Antonio (2005) Pseudo-Demetrio: Tipos de cartas - Pseudo-Libanio: Clases de cartas. Amsterdam: Hakkert. (Classical and Byzantine monographs; 59.) 71 p. ISBN 90-256-0638-5, 90-256-1203-2. Price: €18.
9.R.7. Searby, Denis M. (ed.) (2007) The Corpus Parisinum
Authors: Valtin Maris
Published: February 2024

Searby, Denis M. (ed.) (2007) The Corpus Parisinum: a critical edition of the Greek text with commentary and English translation. (A Medieval anthology of Greek texts from the Pre-Socratics to the church fathers, 600 B.C.-700 A.D.) Translated, with commentary and introduction by Denis M. Searby; with a commendatory foreword by Dimitri Gutas. Books 1-2. Lewiston etc.: Mellen. XIII, 1000 p. ISBN-13 978-0-7734-5300-5), ISBN-10 0-7734-5300-8.
10.R.2. Spisak, Art L. (2007) Martial: a social guide
Authors: Raamat Liis
Published: February 2024

Spisak, Art L. (2007) Martial: a social guide. London: Duckworth. VI, 151 p. ISBN 97807156 36206.
10.R.4. Galluzzo, Gabriele; Mariani, Mauro (2006) Aristotle's Metaphysics book Z: the contemporary debate
Authors: Sirkel Riin
Published: February 2024

Galluzzo, Gabriele; Mariani, Mauro (2006) Aristotle's Metaphysics book Z: the contemporary debate. Pisa: Edizioni della Normale. VI, 230 p. ISBN 88-7642-176-9.
Migration as a Tool for Social Resilience: Lessons From Two Case Studies
Authors: Göler Daniel , Krišjāne Zaiga
Published: February 2024

Following the fall of socialism in East and Southeast Europe, widespread destabilisation of living conditions was accompanied by immense skill and cost mismatches. Both of these factors continue to contribute to substantial levels of brain drain, brain waste and de-skilling. We propose and discuss the migration-resilience nexus as a new paradigm that emphasises the instrumental dimension of movements and migrants’ agency in terms of the aspiration-capabilities framework. In this paper, we look at migration-specific contexts in two countries suffering from long-term emigration for different reasons. Migratory movements, including emigration and circular and return migration, are interpreted as “tools for social resilience”.

In many cases, migrants do not necessarily have the aspiration to migrate. Nevertheless, they can do so when conditions in their individual situation, such as material income, individual well-being or family status, change. Thus, in contrast to the few studies that have looked at migration and resilience so far, we focus on aspirations, decisions and movements as fundamental elements of a resilience strategy adopted by individuals to cope with permanent existential risk, constant harassment, socio-psychological stress or other threats. Our analysis pursues a comparative empirical approach. To cover the broad scope of this phenomenon, we chose Latvia and Albania as the study’s examples. Data on Albania is gathered using qualitative methods, while a quantitative approach is adopted in Latvia.

* This article belongs to a special issue on “Demographic Developments in Eastern and Western Europe Before and After the Transformation of Socialist Countries”.
EMIGRACYJNE ŚLADY STEFANII KOSSOWSKIEJ
Authors: Supruniuk Anna
Published: February 2024

W artykule opisano działalność Stefanii Kossowskiej, pisarki, dziennikarki i ostatniej redaktor tygodnika „Wiadomości” w latach 1974–1981. Omówiono jej edukację oraz początki drogi dziennikarskiej (pisma „Bluszcz”, „Po prostu”). W czasie II wojny światowej nawiązała współpracę z „Wiadomościami Polskimi, Politycznymi i Literackimi” Mieczysława Grydzewskiego. Po zakończeniu wojny pozostała w Anglii i kontynuowała działalność dziennikarską. Od 1954 r. w tygodniku „Wiadomości” prowadziła stałą rubrykę podpisywaną „Big Ben”. W Londynie połączyła Kossowskich bliska przyjaźń z Mieczysławem Grydzewskim. Po jego śmierci, na zmianę z Michałem Chmielowcem, redagowała „Wiadomości”. Po śmierci tego ostatniego w 1974 r. objęła redakcję tygodnika, który wydawała do kwietnia 1981 r. Po zamknięciu pisma zdeponowała jego archiwum w pomieszczeniach Fundacji z Brzezia Lanckorońskich. W 1994 r. podjęła decyzję o przekazaniu całego archiwum do Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu.
TWÓRCZOŚĆ BOGDANA CZAYKOWSKIEGO NA ŁAMACH „WIADOMOŚCI”
Authors: Szałasta-Rogowska Bożena
Published: February 2024

Artykuł omawia współpracę Bogdana Czaykowskiego, członka londyńskiej grupy poetyckiej Kontynenty, poety, tłumacza, krytyka literackiego, z „Wiadomościami”. Trwała ona w latach 1957–1970, miała charakter okazjonalny i była dość skromna. Obejmuje ona: 18 wierszy, dwa artykuły analityczno-krytyczne, jeden tekst prozatorski i jedną recenzję, siedem przekładów wierszy poetów kanadyjskich, wypowiedź o książce w języku angielskim poświęconej poezji polskiej, nad którą wówczas pracował. W artykule omawiana jest też problematyka Dyskusji o „Kulturze” i „Wiadomościach”, opublikowanej na łamach „Kontynentów – Nowego Merkuriusza” w 1960 r., a więc w czasie, kiedy funkcję redaktora naczelnego pisma pełnił Bogdan Czaykowski.
Más innovación docente en dirección comercial
Authors: Sánchez del Río-Vázquez María-Elena
Published: February 2024

Para la asignatura Dirección Comercial en el curso 22-23 de la Universidad de Sevilla, diseñamos, aplicamos y evaluamos un segundo Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA), que pretende un aprendizaje más profundo de los contenidos seleccionados de la asignatura. La motivación y participación del estudiante en el aula es el camino para este tipo de aprendizaje, donde el estudiante es el protagonista. A fin de superar dificultades encontradas del primer CIMA, realizado en el curso 21-22, he modificado algunos aspectos. También lo he ampliado, alcanzando un total de 14 horas. En este trabajo se expone el diseño del nuevo CIMA, su mapa de contenidos con los problemas clave, su modelo metodológico y la secuencia de actividades, su aplicación y su evaluación. Tras las principales dificultades encontradas y los logros alcanzados, finalizo con los aspectos a mantener en el futuro y los principios docentes a seguir. De nuevo, el planteamiento de problemas comerciales intrigantes para los estudiantes, les hace mantener la mente on y jugar un papel más protagonista en su aprendizaje. Los resultados de la evaluación muestran la mejora en el proceso de aprendizaje tanto a nivel grupal como individual a partir de la mayor motivación, participación e interacción entre los asistentes a clase.
A escrita da história da Farroupilha na 1ª República brasileira: entre as Revoluções Cisplatinas, o PRR e o positivismo
Authors: Antunes Soares Fabrício Antônio
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo examina como a obra historiográfica Revoluções Cisplatinas, de 1915, do político, diplomata e historiador Alfredo Augusto Varella, representa tanto uma disputa política como uma forma de escrita da história sobre a Farroupilha. A partir da hipótese de que na Primeira República, no Rio Grande do Sul, houve uma hegemonia social e política do Partido Republicano Rio-Grandense se quer investigar como a obra de Varella articulouse com o seu contexto. Portanto, o objetivo é analisar como foi construída a narrativa sobre a Farroupilha no contexto de disputas em torno do borgismo. Para atingir tal objetivo, usa-se o conceito de operação historiográfica de Michel de Certeau, isto é, como a partir de uma análise do lugar social, da prática científica e da escrita do texto podem-se perceber as transformações na escrita da história sobre a Farroupilha. Por fim, percebe-se que a obra analisada foi um objeto tanto de luta política como de virada interpretativa na escrita da Farroupilha.
Descolonizaciones equívocas. El caso de los museos antropológicos en España
Authors: Sáhchez Gómez Luis Ángel
Published: February 2024

El artículo revisa los debates generados en la prensa española sobre la presunta descolonización de los museos estatales, una idea presentada en público por el director de un museo nacional en octubre de 2022, pero negada desde el ministerio. Se comentan las reflexiones y actuaciones desarrolladas por el ámbito académico y el activismo político en torno a esa misma idea y se valoran las iniciativas llevadas a cabo por los dos principales museos antropológicos del país: el Museo Nacional de Antropología (Madrid) y el Museu Etnològic i de Cultures del Món (Barcelona). El texto concluye con sendas propuestas de futuro sobre el MNA.
A Imunidade Tributária dos Templos Religiosos – um debate entre o Estado, o Direito e a Religião no Séc. XXI
Authors: Florindo da Silva Heleno
Published: February 2024

O Estado brasileiro vivencia momentos conturbados em vários aspectos de suas estruturas, sejam elas normativas, sociais ou políticas. Com tal constatação, damos início ao presente estudo com o intuito de contribuir com o debate da normatividade e jurisprudência tributária pátria, sobretudo, acerca do papel do Estado como arrecadador de tributos (especialmente impostos) e a relação que mantém, neste ponto, com a Religião (leto senso), na realidade sócio-política do século XXI. A partir de uma leitura inerente à perspectiva metodológica do múltiplo-dialético, buscaremos, com o presente estudo, alcançar resposta ao presente problema de pesquisa: a partir de uma análise histórico-normativa da relação entre os fundamentos do Estado moderno e a Religião (Cristianismo), com a construção normativa constitucional e jurisprudencial de imunidade tributária para os Templos Religiosos, é possível compreendermos a necessidade de revisitarmos a referida hipótese imunitária, adequando-a ao objetivo fundamental da República de formação de uma sociedade livre, justa e, sobretudo, solidária?
Discursos, políticas y percepciones frente a la inmigración judía a Colombia en las primeras décadas del siglo XX
Authors: Alba Cuéllar Angélica
Published: February 2024

Los grandes flujos migratorios globales que tuvieron lugar entre mediados del siglo XIX e inicios del XX vieron a cientos de millones de personas en todo el mundo cruzar la frontera de su país para ir a otro. En ese escenario, y a diferencia de otros países suramericanos, Colombia no fue un gran receptor de inmigrantes. Sin embargo, algunos de quienes llegaron, entre ellos judíos de distintos orígenes, enfrentaron restricciones para su ingreso al país, que fueron incrementándose particularmente en la década de los años treinta, todo ello bajo gobiernos, en principio, de distintas vertientes ideológicas. Este artículo tiene el propósito de caracterizar los discursos, políticas y percepciones alrededor de la inmigración judía en Colombia durante las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo pasado, en el marco de una serie concepciones sobre cuestiones como la raza y la nación y sus supuestas vinculaciones con las posibilidades de progreso.
De la credulidad a la incredulidad. Las críticas de Feijoo
Authors: Zazo Jiménez Eduardo
Published: February 2024

En este artículo se explica la concepción de Feijoo sobre la crítica. En primer lugar, se describe su proyecto filosófico como un proyecto de crítica de la credulidad y de desengaño de los errores comunes. Frente al modelo de crítica de textos capitaneado por Mayans, se analiza la defensa que Feijoo hace de la crítica entendida no como arte sino como sano empleo del entendimiento. En segundo lugar, su proyecto filosófico es puesto en relación con los elementos reformadores de la administración de los reinados de Felipe V, Fernando VI y Carlos III. En tercer y último lugar se explica la crítica de la incredulidad de los últimos textos de Feijoo, mostrando la unidad del proyecto crítico de Feijoo.
Bien común como fundamento y bienes comunes como posibilidad para una justicia cosmopolita en Francisco Suárez. Una Modernidad alternativa a la Modernidad liberal
Authors: Senent-De Frutos Juan Antonio , Font-Oporto Pablo
Published: February 2024

En el presente artículo tratamos algunos de los desafíos que un constitucionalismo global tiene actualmente respecto a la consecución de una justicia cosmopolita: pluralismo jurídico más allá del monismo jurídico y cultural del Estado moderno, sociodiversidad e interculturalidad, y sostenibilidad socioecológica de los modos de vida legitimados jurídicamente. Para ello consideraremos cómo entiende la tradición escolástico-católica de la Modernidad temprana las exigencias de lo común que atraviesan todo fenómeno jurídico en la vida colectiva y entre los pueblos, atendiendo específicamente a algunas contribuciones clave de Francisco Suárez. De otra parte, como contrapunto del humanismo escolástico católico trataremos la visión de la Modernidad liberal, la cual plantea un modelo racional unívoco y ahistórico de configuración tanto de las exigencias de justicia entre los pueblos, como del modo de propiedad, el cual se identifica con una única forma de propiedad individual desvinculada de las exigencias del bien común.
A case of amyloid goitre in heavy chain amyloidosis: diagnostic challenges and clinical implications
Authors: Laranjeira Francisco , Neves Bernardo , Bernardo Paulo , do Rosário Francisco , Fernandes Otília , Mendonça Evelina , Catarino Ana
Published: February 2024

Immunoglobulin heavy chain amyloidosis (AH amyloidosis) is an extremely rare subtype of immunoglobulin-derived amyloidosis and there is limited literature on how to diagnose and manage this disorder. We describe a rare case of AH amyloidosis with amyloid goitre and the importance of mass spectrometry in the identification of the different types of amyloids. While additional studies are needed, several observations suggest important practical implications, including differences in clinical picture, prognosis, and pathologic diagnosis.
Nutritional management of critically ill and hospitalised patients
Authors: Lenox Catherine E
Published: February 2024

Nutrition plays an important role in the management of critically ill and other hospitalised patients, such as patients undergoing routine post-operative care. However, nutrition is often overlooked as an important part of patient care. Identifying patients at risk for malnutrition, addressing malnutrition, considering medical aspects of a case that contribute to malnutrition, completing a nutritional assessment, determining how much to feed and what to feed a hospitalised patient and monitoring a patient after implementation of nutritional support are all important components of managing critical care and hospitalised patients. Creating a customised nutritional support plan is integral to supporting these dogs and cats.
Review of Thermal Spray Coatings Perform in Protecting Boiler Steels Against Corrosion at High Temperatures
Authors: Bhagria Binu Kumar , Goyal Khushdeep , Deepak Dharampal
Published: February 2024

Failure of boilers can cause huge economic loss to the power plants. In high temperature and aggressive working conditions erosion, hot corrosion and abrasions are most responsible factors for failure of boiler steels. Thermal spray coatings are the preferable method to minimize the cause of failures of the boiler steels due to these problems. Among different thermal spray techniques. By utilizing the HVOF process, it is possible to produce coatings with high micro-hardness and low porosity, making it an advanced and effective method that is currently undergoing rapid development. In this paper a review study regarding the performance of thermal spray coatings deposited on boiler steels against the hot corrosion has been presented. The outcomes of this research have the potential to assist in identifying the optimal coating combination and application technique to prevent the deterioration of boiler steels.
Postoperative hypotension following acute hip fracture surgery is a predictor of 30-day mortality
Authors: Donald Neil , Eniola Grace , Deierl Krisztian
Published: February 2024

Aims

Hip fractures are some of the most common fractures encountered in orthopaedic practice. We aimed to identify whether perioperative hypotension is a predictor of 30-day mortality, and to stratify patient groups that would benefit from closer monitoring and early intervention. While there is literature on intraoperative blood pressure, there are limited studies examining pre- and postoperative blood pressure.

Methods

We conducted a prospective observational cohort study over a one-year period from December 2021 to December 2022. Patient demographic details, biochemical results, and haemodynamic observations were taken from electronic medical records. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Cox proportional hazards model, and the effects of independent variables estimated with the Wald statistic. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were estimated with the log-rank test.

Results

A total of 528 patients were identified as suitable for inclusion. On multivariate analysis, postoperative hypotension of a systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 90 mmHg two to 24 hours after surgery showed an increased hazard ratio (HR) for 30-day mortality (HR 4.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3 to 8.9); p < 0.001) and was an independent risk factor accounting for sex (HR 2.7 (95% CI 1.4 to 5.2); p = 0.003), age (HR 1.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.1); p = 0.016), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (HR 2.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 4.6); p < 0.001), time to theatre > 24 hours (HR 2.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 4.2); p = 0.025), and preoperative anaemia (HR 2.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 5.2); p = 0.043). A preoperative SBP of < 120 mmHg was close to achieving significance (HR 1.9 (95% CI 0.99 to 3.6); p = 0.052).

Conclusion

Our study is the first to demonstrate that postoperative hypotension within the first 24 hours is an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery. Clinicians should recognize patients who have a SBP of < 90 mmHg in the early postoperative period, and be aware of the increased mortality risk in this specific cohort who may benefit from a closer level of monitoring and early intervention.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(2):189–194.
The characteristics and predictors of mortality in periprosthetic fractures around the knee
Authors: Nasser Ahmed A. H. H. , Sidhu Manpreet , Prakash Rohan , Mahmood Ansar
Published: February 2024

Aims

Periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) around the knee are challenging injuries. This study aims to describe the characteristics of knee PPFs and the impact of patient demographics, fracture types, and management modalities on in-hospital mortality.

Methods

Using a multicentre study design, independent of registry data, we included adult patients sustaining a PPF around a knee arthroplasty between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. Univariate, then multivariable, logistic regression analyses were performed to study the impact of patient, fracture, and treatment on mortality.

Results

Out of a total of 1,667 patients in the PPF study database, 420 patients were included. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6.4%. Multivariable analyses suggested that American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, history of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), history of rheumatic disease, fracture around a loose implant, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) during hospital stay were each independently associated with mortality. Each point increase in ASA grade independently correlated with a four-fold greater mortality risk (odds ratio (OR) 4.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19 to 14.06); p = 0.026). Patients with PVD have a nine-fold increase in mortality risk (OR 9.1 (95% CI 1.25 to 66.47); p = 0.030) and patients with rheumatic disease have a 6.8-fold increase in mortality risk (OR 6.8 (95% CI 1.32 to 34.68); p = 0.022). Patients with a fracture around a loose implant (Unified Classification System (UCS) B2) have a 20-fold increase in mortality, compared to UCS A1 (OR 20.9 (95% CI 1.61 to 271.38); p = 0.020). Mode of management was not a significant predictor of mortality. Patients managed with revision arthroplasty had a significantly longer length of stay (median 16 days; p = 0.029) and higher rates of return to theatre, compared to patients treated nonoperatively or with fixation.

Conclusion

The mortality rate in PPFs around the knee is similar to that for native distal femur and neck of femur fragility fractures. Patients with certain modifiable risk factors should be optimized. A national PPF database and standardized management guidelines are currently required to understand these complex injuries and to improve patient outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(2):158–165.
Comparison of survival prediction models for bone metastases of the extremities following surgery
Authors: Park Jay H. , Won Juneseok , Kim Han-Soo , Kim Yongsung , Kim Shin , Han Ilkyu
Published: February 2024

Aims

This study aimed to compare the performance of survival prediction models for bone metastases of the extremities (BM-E) with pathological fractures in an Asian cohort, and investigate patient characteristics associated with survival.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 469 patients, who underwent surgery for BM-E between January 2009 and March 2022 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Postoperative survival was calculated using the PATHFx3.0, SPRING13, OPTIModel, SORG, and IOR models. Model performance was assessed with area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, Brier score, and decision curve analysis. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the factors contributing to survival.

Results

The SORG model demonstrated the highest discriminatory accuracy with AUC (0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 to 0.85)) at 12 months. In calibration analysis, the PATHfx3.0 and OPTIModel models underestimated survival, while the SPRING13 and IOR models overestimated survival. The SORG model exhibited excellent calibration with intercepts of 0.10 (95% CI -0.13 to 0.33) at 12 months. The SORG model also had lower Brier scores than the null score at three and 12 months, indicating good overall performance. Decision curve analysis showed that all five survival prediction models provided greater net benefit than the default strategy of operating on either all or no patients. Rapid growth cancer and low serum albumin levels were associated with three-, six-, and 12-month survival.

Conclusion

State-of-art survival prediction models for BM-E (PATHFx3.0, SPRING13, OPTIModel, SORG, and IOR models) are useful clinical tools for orthopaedic surgeons in the decision-making process for the treatment in Asian patients, with SORG models offering the best predictive performance. Rapid growth cancer and serum albumin level are independent, statistically significant factors contributing to survival following surgery of BM-E. Further refinement of survival prediction models will bring about informed and patient-specific treatment of BM-E.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(2):203–211.
Migration and clinical outcomes of a novel cementless hydroxyapatite-coated titanium acetabular shell: two-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial using radiostereometric analysis
Authors: van der Lelij Thies J. N. , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J. , Kaptein Bart L. , Koster Lennard A. , Ljung Peter , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Toksvig-Larsen Sören
Published: February 2024

Aims

The objective of this study was to compare the two-year migration and clinical outcomes of a new cementless hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium acetabular shell with its previous version, which shared the same geometrical design but a different manufacturing process for applying the titanium surface.

Methods

Overall, 87 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) were randomized to either a Trident II HA or Trident HA shell, each cementless with clusterholes and HA-coating. All components were used in combination with a cemented Exeter V40 femoral stem. Implant migration was measured using radiostereometric analysis (RSA), with radiographs taken within two days of surgery (baseline), and at three, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Proximal acetabular component migration was the primary outcome measure. Clinical scores and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected at each follow-up.

Results

Mean proximal migrations at three, 12, and 24 months were 0.08 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03 to 0.14), 0.11 mm (95% CI 0.06 to 0.16), and 0.14 mm (95% CI 0.09 to 0.20), respectively, in the Trident II HA group, versus 0.11 mm (95% CI 0.06 to 0.16), 0.12 mm (95% CI 0.07 to 0.17), and 0.14 mm (95% CI 0.09 to 0.19) in the Trident HA group (p = 0.875). No significant differences in translations or rotations between the two designs were found in any other direction. Clinical scores and PROMs were comparable between groups, except for an initially greater postoperative improvement in Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Symptoms score in the Trident HA group (p = 0.033).

Conclusion

The Trident II clusterhole HA shell has comparable migration with its predecessor, the Trident hemispherical HA cluster shell, suggesting a similar risk of long-term aseptic loosening.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(2):136–143.
Cochrane Corner
Authors: Marson Ben A.
Published: February 2024

This edition of the Cochrane Corner looks at the three reviews that were published in the second half of 2023: surgical versus non-surgical interventions for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures; cryotherapy following total knee arthroplasty; and physical activity and education about physical activity for chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents.
Leg length discrepancy should be assessed based on the whole length of the lower limb in patients with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Sato Ryuichi , Hamada Hidetoshi , Uemura Keisuke , Takashima Kazuma , Ando Wataru , Takao Masaki , Saito Mitsuru , Sugano Nobuhiko
Published: February 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the incidence of ≥ 5 mm asymmetry in lower and whole leg lengths (LLs) in patients with unilateral osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH-OA) and primary hip osteoarthritis (PHOA), and the relationship between lower and whole LL asymmetries and femoral length asymmetry.

Methods

In total, 116 patients who underwent unilateral total hip arthroplasty were included in this study. Of these, 93 had DDH-OA and 23 had PHOA. Patients with DDH-OA were categorized into three groups: Crowe grade I, II/III, and IV. Anatomical femoral length, femoral length greater trochanter (GT), femoral length lesser trochanter (LT), tibial length, foot height, lower LL, and whole LL were evaluated using preoperative CT data of the whole leg in the supine position. Asymmetry was evaluated in the Crowe I, II/III, IV, and PHOA groups.

Results

The incidences of whole and lower LL asymmetries were 40%, 62.5%, 66.7%, and 26.1%, and 21.7%, 20.8%, 55.6%, and 8.7% in the Crowe I, II/III, and IV, and PHOA groups, respectively. The incidence of tibial length asymmetry was significantly higher in the Crowe IV group (44.4%) than that in the PHOA group (4.4%). In all, 50% of patients with DDH-OA with femoral length GT and LT asymmetries had lower LL asymmetry, and 75% had whole LL asymmetry. The incidences of lower and whole LL asymmetries were 20% and 42.9%, respectively, even in the absence of femoral length GT and LT asymmetries.

Conclusion

Overall, 43% of patients with unilateral DDH-OA without femoral length asymmetry had whole LL asymmetry of ≥ 5 mm. Thus, both the femur length and whole LL should be measured to accurately assess LL discrepancy in patients with unilateral DDH-OA.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(2):79–86.
The 'Lost Book' of Conor Cruise O'Brien
Authors: Hanley Hugh
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: This article reconstructs the context in which the manuscript of Conor Cruise O'Brien's 'lost book' came to be written and the unfruitful effort to get it into the public domain. Through an examination of documentary evidence held in the National Archives of Ireland, it is shown that previous accounts have been wide of the mark. The attribution of sole authorship of the manuscript to O'Brien is challenged, replacing it with the idea that the text was a collective endeavour. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Joseph Brennan, a counsellor at the Irish Embassy in Washington, DC, rather than O'Brien was the driving force behind the supposed 'lost book of O'Brien', and especially in later efforts to revive the work. It is hoped that future scholars will make claims about O'Brien's 'lost book' and its potential implications for his early thought with greater circumspection than has hitherto been the case.
Ireland's Foreign Relations in 2022
Authors: McDonagh Kenneth
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: This review examines Ireland's foreign relations in 2022. As Ireland emerged from the final period of Covid pandemic restrictions it faced an unstable world. Russia's illegal escalation of its war in Ukraine would be the main focus of Ireland's engagement with the world. The EU agenda was dominated by the response to the conflict and Ireland demonstrated solidarity with its partners. 2022 was also the second and final year of Ireland's membership of the UN Security Council and saw Ireland take up the Presidency of the Council of Europe. Relations with the UK were strained by ongoing tensions over the Northern Ireland Protocol, not helped by political instability at Westminster. The review outlines how Ireland managed its foreign relations in this period and concludes by noting some significant deaths during the year.
Māyā and Mokṣa : Krishnachandra Bhattacharyya's Spiritual Philosophy as a Vedāntin Critique of Kant
Authors: Bhushan Nalini , Garfield Jay L.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Subject As Freedom (1930) is correctly regarded as Krishnachandra Bhattacharyya's magnum opus. But this text relies on a set of ideas and develops from a set of concerns that KCB develops more explicitly in essays written both before and after that text, which might be regarded as its intellectual bookends. These ideas are important and fascinating in their own right. They also illuminate KCB's engagement with Kant and with the Vedānta tradition as well as his understanding of freedom itself, including its soteriological dimension. These two essays are "Sankara's Doctrine of Māyā" (1930) and "The Advaita and Its Spiritual Significance" (1936). We explore KCB's conception of philosophy and its relation to spiritual practice through a close reading of these two essays.
Intelligent scoring system based on dynamic optical breast imaging for early detection of breast cancer
Authors: Li Yaoyao , Zhang Yipei , Yu Qiang , He Chenglong , Yuan Xiguo
Published: February 2024

Early detection of breast cancer can significantly improve patient outcomes and five-year survival in clinical screening. Dynamic optical breast imaging (DOBI) technology reflects the blood oxygen metabolism level of tumors based on the theory of tumor neovascularization, which offers a technical possibility for early detection of breast cancer. In this paper, we propose an intelligent scoring system integrating DOBI features assessment and a malignancy score grading reporting system for early detection of breast cancer. Specifically, we build six intelligent feature definition models to depict characteristics of regions of interest (ROIs) from location, space, time and context separately. Similar to the breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS), we conclude the malignancy score grading reporting system to score and evaluate ROIs as follows: Malignant (≥ 80 score), Likely Malignant (60−80 score), Intermediate (35−60 score), Likely Benign (10-35 score), and Benign (<10 score). This system eliminates the influence of subjective physician judgments on the assessment of the malignant probability of ROIs. Extensive experiments on 352 Chinese patients demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system compared to state-of-the-art methods.
M-type refractive index profile erbium-doped fiber for high-efficiency multicore EDFA
Authors: Gu Zhimu , He Le , Yin Xiaoke , Liu Shaokun , Li Wenzhen , Xing Yingbin , Dai Nengli , Li Jinyan
Published: February 2024

Cladding-pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber is an important element for future spatial division multiplexing (SDM) amplification. We propose an M-type erbium-doped multicore fiber to achieve high-efficiency SDM amplification. The performance of cladding-pumped erbium-doped fiber with a central refractive index depression has been investigated, and the M-type fiber has better amplification performance than conventional fibers by reducing the signal mode overlap with the doped region. The experiment results show that the M-type 4-core erbium-doped fiber has a gain improvement of 2.8 dB compared with conventional 4-core fiber. The pump conversion efficiency (PCE) has been enhanced from 4.47% to 8.01%. For a 7.0 W pump power at 976 nm, the M-type fiber exhibits an average gain of 20.0 dB and an average noise fiber of 6.8 dB at the L-band. The core-to-core gain variation is less than 1.6 dB.
Light pulse storage in Pr:YSO crystal based on the revival of silenced echo protocol
Authors: Liu Jiachen , Liu Jianji , Cui Jian , Wang Liang , Zhang Guoquan
Published: February 2024

We report on the light pulse storage in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal based on the revival of silenced echo protocol, which has the advantage of being immune from the spontaneous emission noise. We optimized the echo retrieval efficiency of the light pulse by employing complex hyperbolic secant rephasing pulses and by finely tuning the optical depth in the inhomogeneous broadening of the crystal. An echo retrieval efficiency of 24.4% was demonstrated, and an optical coherence time of 34.6 μs was extracted from the measured decay dynamics of the echo retrieval efficiency at a cryogenic temperature of 3.4 K. These results could be useful for potential applications in quantum memory and related applications.
Biexcitons-plasmon coupling of Ag@Au hollow nanocube/MoS2 heterostructures based on scattering spectra
Authors: You Qingzhang , Zhang Congcong , Wang Yiru , Bi Xinxin , Li Ze , Zhang Lisheng , Zhang Duan , Fang Yan , Wang Peijie
Published: February 2024

The strong interaction between light and matter is one of the current research hotspots in the field of nanophotonics, and provides a suitable platform for fundamental physics research such as on nanolasers, high-precision sensing in biology, quantum communication and quantum computing. In this study, double Rabi splitting was achieved in a composite structure monolayer MoS2 and a single Ag@Au hollow nanocube (HNC) in room temperature mainly due to the two excitons in monolayer MoS2. Moreover, the tuning of the plasmon resonance peak was realized in the scattering spectrum by adjusting the thickness of the shell to ensure it matches the energy of the two excitons. Two distinct anticrossings are observed at both excitons resonances, and large double Rabi splittings (90 meV and 120 meV) are obtained successfully. The finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method was also used to simulate the scattering spectra of the nanostructures, and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, the local electromagnetic field ability of the Ag@Au hollow HNC was proved to be stronger by calculating and comparing the mode volume of different nanoparticles. Our findings provides a good platform for the realization of strong multi-mode coupling and open up a new way to construct nanoscale photonic devices.
Fiber Bragg grating inscription assisted by a spatial light modulator
Authors: Dostovalov A. , Kokhanovskiy A. , Golikov E. , Revyakin A. , Munkueva Zh. , Kharenko D. , Babin S.
Published: February 2024

In this Letter, we proposed a new technique for point-by-point fiber Bragg grating (FBG) writing in a static fiber by using a spatial light modulator to control the position of the focal point inside the fiber core. Various types of short-length FBGs (uniform, phase-shifted, and apodized) were demonstrated by this inscription technique. Moreover, the capability to tailor the transverse dimension of a grating pitch from a single point to more complex shapes, such as a wide plane covering a whole fiber core or a transverse ring, was shown.