bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terrain Variables Based Spatial Mapping of Soil Properties in a Watershed of Himalayan Landscape Using Random Forest Model
Authors: Kalambukattu Justin George , Kumar Suresh
Published: June 2022

Soil information, including their spatial variability is vital for devising various soil and land management policies and strategies as well as assessing the environmental impact of different land use changes. Among the various soil forming factors, terrain plays a vital role in determining the spatial distribution of soil properties especially in hilly terrains due to its impact on soil processes as well as the redistribution of soil materials. The study was carried out for assessing the applicability and efficiency of various terrain parameters for prediction as well as spatial mapping of different soil properties using Random Forest (RF) modeling approach, in a mid-Himalayan watershed located in Tehri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand. Field data collection was done by collecting soil samples from 0-15cm depth (surface layer) at 68 different locations in the study area, following a transect survey method. Collected samples were pre-processed and analyzed in the laboratory for estimating various soil properties such as sand, silt and clay contents as well as soil nutrients such as Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N). Fifteen terrain parameters derived by digital terrain analysis of CartoDEM of 10m spatial resolution were used as predictor variables during RF modeling. Pearson correlation analysis revealed poor linear relationship of soil properties with various terrain parameters. Variable importance ranking revealed that compound topographic index, elevation, heat load index, integrated moisture index and mean curvature are the most important variables, explaining maximum variability in different properties. The performance of RF models for predicting various soil properties were evaluated based on the coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as well as Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC). The models were found to perform well with R2 and CCC values of 0.47 and 0.50 for sand, 0.52 and 0.55 for silt, 0.44 and 0.57 for clay, 0.41 and 0.36 for organic carbon and 0.55 and 0.34 for nitrogen, respectively. The validated models were further employed for generating the spatial distribution maps of various soil properties. Such attempts combining various environmental variables with machine learning based models may aid us in mapping the spatial distribution of various soil properties in the hilly mountainous terrains with considerable accuracies.
Russian-German Political Relations in 1991–2021 in Modern Russian Historiography
Authors: Terekhov O. E.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with modern Russian historiography of the political relations between Russia and Germany in 1991– 2021. Due to the vastness of the research scope, the paper covers only the major trends in the Russian-German political relations in the Russian historiography. The work relied on the problem-chronological method that made it possible to consider the topic in diachronic and synchronic perspective, simultaneously revealing its temporal and problematic components. The research featured works by contemporary Russian historians, political scientists, and economists on the political relations between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany. The thirty-year history of relations between the united Germany and the Russian Federation was full of events and can be divided into several periods. As a result of the historiographical process, the modern Russian historiography consists of three stages, which partially coincide with the chronology of direct political relations between Russia and Germany. The assessment of the Russian-German relations in modern historiography directly depends both on their conjecture and the historical and political context.
European Diplomacy in Times of Crisis: the Approach of the EU High Representative Josep Borrell to Engagement with Russia
Authors: Igumnova L. O.
Published: June 2022

The article explores the EU diplomacy toward Russia since Josep Borrell took oﬃce as EU High Representative for Foreign Aﬀairs and Security Policy. The approach adopted by the European External Action Service (EEAS) in a time of crisis is examined, in the context of the rapidly changing international security environment and the unprecedentedly low level of engagement between Russia and the EU. The research featured the EEAS oﬃcial documents, press releases, and Josep Borrell’s statements issued from late 2019 to early 2022. The analysis revealed some of Borrell’s ideas about the international role of the EU, his image of Russia and his suggestions on the EU’s course of action towards Russia. The author believes that Borrell’s approach clearly failed the reality test. The EU diplomacy demonstrated its inability to adjust to the escalating tensions and the major changes in the bilateral relations, as well as in Russia itself. As a result, the European strategy has proven ineﬀective and unable to address adequately the challenges it faces.
Genesis of the Crisis Response Civil Component in the European Union: Parameters, Problems, and Interaction with Russia
Authors: Semenov O. Yu.
Published: June 2022

The article features the civil component of the crisis response in the European Union, as well as the Russian role in its development. With the new security threats and challenges, the civilian instruments necessary for the post-conﬂict society stabilization are becoming increasingly important. The research was based on the universal evolutionism and included such methods as conceptual and structural modeling, comparative analysis, and historical approach. The methods made it possible to reveal the civil component within the crisis management system of the European Union. The civil component unites and coordinates European national resources, creates platforms and opportunities for experience exchange, increases the motivation and professionalism of experts, etc. The author also focused on the interaction between the European Union and the Russian Federation in this sphere. The key parameters for developing the civil dimension of crisis response include two points: (1) the political will to implement the civilian component of security policy by the European Union institutions and member states, (2) the will to solve the problem of human resources. For the current and foreseeable Russian-European relations, the cooperation potential of the civilian component of crisis response is not included in the security policy. The research makes a signiﬁcant contribution to the study of the European Union development problems, genesis and development parameters of the civil missions, and the Russian-European dialogue.
Relations between Russia and the European Union in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cherkashina T. N.
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in the late 2020, demonstrated that the global community is unable to act eﬀectively in the face of a new enemy, hence the need for a new format of interstate interaction. The present research objective was to explore the impact of the pandemic on the relations between Russia and the European Union, as well as to identify new standards of cooperation in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic. The study revealed the absence of fundamental changes that would improve the political communications between the two parties because no non-politicized dialogue was possible at that stage. The author describes the geopolitical realities that prevented Brussels from building relations with Moscow in the new paradigm. The pandemic did not level the sanctions pressure on Russia. In the context of unilateral restrictive measures against Russia and the geopolitical conjuncture of mutual deterrence, the new formats of interaction included the humanitarian cooperation with Italy and Russia's "vaccine diplomacy" in Hungary and Slovakia. However, the new types of cooperation between individual states in the context of the pandemic can restore a systemic dialogue between Russia and the European Union. Russia’s contribution to the ﬁght against COVID-19 in Europe can hardly be overestimated.
The European Union, the Eurasian Economic Union, and China: Problems and Prospects for Participation in the Greater Eurasian Partnership
Authors: Pakulin V. S.
Published: June 2022

The article features the role of the EU in the Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP), a common geo-economic area in Eurasia proposed by Russian President Vladimir Putin at the St. Petersburg Economic Forum in 2016. The author assessed the prospect of cooperation between the EU, China, and the Russian Federation on a bilateral level, including the GEP concept. The author sees no premises for establishing Greater Eurasia at present: the interactions between China and the EU and between China and Russia as part of The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are independent of each other. If relations between the Russian Federation and the EU ever return to normalcy, the parties can begin a multilateral cooperation in the ﬁeld of infrastructure construction in Eurasia, e.g., multimodal transportation systems, as well as in the investment sector, e.g., the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
Degradation performance of high-concentration coking wastewater by manganese oxide ore acidic oxidation
Authors: Kang Jinxing , Liu Zhiguo , Yu Chen , Wang Yayun , Wang Xin
Published: June 2022

The degradation of coking wastewater using a manganese oxide ore acidic oxidation was investigated. This work was performed in three stages. Firstly, the advantageous degradation conditions were measured by the degradation tests, and under the optimal conditions percentage degradation was obtained of 91.6% chemical oxygen demand measured by potassium dichromate oxidation (CODcr), 94.7% total nitrogen (TN), 98.3% phenols, 98.2% fatty acid, 89.5% tar, and 98.9% sulphide for the oxidized effluent, simultaneously cogenerating a Mn2+concentration of 46.2 g/L for Mn-electrolytic stock solution. Secondly, the transformation analysis of the special chemical group of coking wastewater contaminants illustrated that the employment of manganese oxide ore generated the degradation of low and high molecular weight organics, especially causing polymers to break down into oligomers. Thirdly, the electrochemical characteristics of the interface between wastewater and ore revealed that the contaminant degradation of coking wastewater greatly depended on the oxidation capacity of the surface oxide species, involving a simple answer to the MnO2 oxidation for small-molecule organic materials and a strengthening response to the MnO·OH oxidation for high-weight molecule organic substances. The treatment of coking wastewater using the Mn-oxide ore acidic oxidation process is an effective and value-added method, which is particularly applicable to high-concentration coking wastewater.
Cloning, Sequencing, Expression and Characterization of the Gene Encoding the 3- Phosphoglycerate Kinase- Triosephosphate Isomerase Fusionprotein from Thermotoga Maritima
Authors: Beaucamp Nicola , Ostendorp Ralf , Schurig Hartmut , Jaenicke Rainer
Published: June 2022

The gene encoding 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima has been cloned in E.coli. The gene consists of two overlapping open reading frames. In E.coli, as in Thermotoga maritima, two proteins with corresponding N­ termini are expressed from this gene: a monomeric 43 kDa protein (PGK) and a tetrameric fusionprotein (PGKfus) of 280 kDa. The fusion protein reveals PGK and TIM activity and is synthesized as the result of a
(-1)- frameshift. The nucleotide sequence was confirmed and the fusion protein was expressed and characterized. The recombinant enzymes are authenthic to those in Thermotoga maritima.
Transition Towards Antibiotic Hybrid Vehicles: The Next Generation
Antibacterials
Authors: Kuppusamy Rajesh , Browne Katrina , Suresh Dittu , Do Rosario Romano Maximo , Chakraborty Sudip , Yang Sandy , Willcox Mark , Black David , Chen Renxun , Kumar Naresh
Published: June 2022

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health problem when the discovery and development of novel antibiotics are diminishing. Various strategies have been proposed to address the problem of growing antibacterial resistance. One such strategy is the development of hybrid antibiotics. These therapeutic systems have been designed for two or more pharmacophores of known antimicrobial agents. This review highlights the latest development of antibiotic hybrids comprising of two antibiotics (cleavable and non-cleavable) and combinations of biocidal and novel compounds to treat bacterial infections. The approach of dual-acting hybrid compounds has a promising future to overcome drug resistance in bacterial pathogens.
IGF2BP3 Worsens Lung Cancer through Modifying Long Non-coding
RNA CERS6-AS1/microRNA-1202 Axis
Authors: Yan An , Song Xiaowei , Liu Bao , Zhu Kaibin
Published: June 2022

Background:

Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) can epigenetically regulate lung cancer progression, but its regulatory mechanism in the disease lacks sufficient exploration.

Objective:

The study was conducted to probe the regulatory function of IGF2BP3 in lung cancer via modulating long non-coding RNA CERS6-AS1/microRNA-1202 (CERS6-AS1/miR-1202) axis.

Methods:

Clinical samples were collected to evaluate IGF2BP3, CERS6-AS1, miR-1202 and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5 (GDPD5) levels. The interactions among IGF2BP3, CERS6-AS1, miR-1202 and GDPD5 were assessed. IGF2BP3-, CERS6-AS1-, and miR-1202-related vectors were transfected into lung cancer cells to determine cell biological functions. Cell tumor formation ability was further detected in vivo.

Results:

High expression of IGF2BP3, CERS6-AS1 and GDPD5, and low expression of miR-1202 levels were witnessed in lung cancer tissues. Suppression of IGF2BP3 restrained lung cancer progression. IGF2BP3 positively modulated CERS6-AS1 to regulate miR-1202-targeted GDPD5. Inhibition of CERS6-AS1 or promotion of miR-1202 depressed lung cancer aggravation. CERS6-AS1 silencing or miR-1202 overexpression reversed the impacts induced by IGF2BP3 on lung cancer.

Conclusion:

IGF2BP3 facilitates the development of lung cancer cells via binding to the CERS6-AS1 promoter and down-regulating miR-1202, which may be related to GDPD5 upregulation.
Synthesis of β-Amino Carbonyl 6-(Aminomethyl)- and
6-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidines for DPP-4 Inhibition Study
Authors: Chung Cheng-Yen , Tseng Ching-Chun , Li Sin-Min , Zeng Wei-Zheng , Lin Yu-Ching , Hu Yu-Pei , Jiang Wen-Ping , Huang Guan-Jhong , Tsai Henry J. , Wong Fung Fuh
Published: June 2022

Background:

Type-2 diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disease resulting
in severe vascular complications and mortality risk. Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors
had been conceived as a favorable class of agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes due
to the minimal side effects.

Methods:

Sitagliptin is the first medicine approved for the DPP-4 inhibitor. Its structure
involved three fragments: 2,4,5-triflorophenyl fragment pharmacophore, enantiomerically
β-amino carbonyl linker, and tetrahydrotriazolopyridine. Herein, we are drawn to the
possibility of substituting tetrahydrotriazolopyridine motif present in Sitagliptin with a series
of new fused pyrazolopyrimidine bicyclic fragment to investigate potency and safety.

Results:

Two series of fused 6-(aminomethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine and 6-(hydroxymethyl)
pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives containing β-amino ester or amide as linkers
were successfully designed for the new DPP-4 inhibitors. Most fused 6-methylpyrazolopyrimidines
were evaluated against DPP-4 inhibition and selectivity capacity. Based
on research study, β-amino carbonyl fused 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine possesses
the significant DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 ≤ 59.8 nM) and presents similar with Sitagliptin
(IC50 = 28 nM). Particularly, they had satisfactory selectivity over DPP-8 and
DPP-9, except for QPP.

Conclusion:

β-Amino esters and amides fused 6-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazolopyrimidine
were developed as the new DPP-4 inhibitors. Those compounds with a methyl group or
hydrogen in N-1 position and methyl substituted group in C-3 of pyrazolopyrimidine moiety
showed better potent DPP-4 inhibition (IC50 = 21.4-59.8 nM). Furthermore, they had
satisfactory selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9 Finally, the docking results revealed that
compound 9n was stabilized at DPP-4 active site and would be a potential lead drug.
Cannabinoids and Brain Damage: A Systematic Review on a Frequently
Overlooked Issue
Authors: Scopetti Matteo , Morena Donato , Manetti Federico , Santurro Alessandro , Fazio Nicola Di , D’Errico Stefano , Padovano Martina , Frati Paola , Fineschi Vittorio
Published: June 2022

Background:

Although cannabinoid consumption represents a current social and health
problem, especially in a historical context characterized by an open orientation for recreational and
therapeutic purposes, risks regarding the neurotoxicity of such substances are frequently overlooked.

Objective:

The present systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding the
mechanism of cannabinoids-induced brain damage as a substrate of neurological, psychiatric, and
behavioral effects. Another objective is to provide support for future investigations and legislative
choices.

Methods:

The systematic literature search through PubMed and Scopus and a critical appraisal of the
collected studies were conducted. Search terms were “(("Cannabinoids" OR "THC" OR "CBD")
AND "Brain” AND ("Damage" OR "Toxicity"))” in the title and abstracts. Studies were included
examining toxic effects on the brain potentially induced by cannabinoids on human subjects.

Results:

At the end of the literature selection process, 30 papers were considered for the present
review. The consumption of cannabinoids is associated with the development of psychiatric, neurocognitive,
neurological disorders and, in some cases of acute consumption, even death. In this sense,
the greatest risks have been related to the consumption of high-potency synthetic cannabinoids, although
the consumption of phytocannabinoids is not devoid of risks.

Conclusion:

The research carried out has allowed to highlight some critical points to focus on, such
as the need to reinforce the toxic-epidemiologic monitor of new substances market and the importance
of information for both medical personnel and general population, with particular attention to
the mostly involved age groups.
ceRNA Network Analysis Reveals AP-1 Transcription Factor Components
as Potential Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wei Rui , Hu Qi , Lu Yanjun , Wang Xiong
Published: June 2022

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting
the elderly, characterized by decreased cognitive function. Non-coding RNAs contribute to AD
pathogenesis.

Objective:

To identify potential therapeutic targets for AD, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)
networks were constructed using the hippocampus of 6-month-old amyloid precursor protein/
presenilin 1 double transgenic (APP/PS1) and wild-type mice.

Methods:

RNA-seq data (GSE158995), generated from the hippocampus of APP/PS1 and wild-type
mice, were analyzed with the limma R package to identify significantly differentially expressed
mRNAs and circRNAs (DEMs and DECs, respectively). DEM Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using Enrichr
(https://maayanlab.cloud/Enrichr/). Correlations between DEMs and DECs were determined using
the ggcorrplot R package. Main clusters and hub DEMs were selected using the STRING database
and Cytoscape software. ceRNA interactions were predicted with the miRTarbase and Starbase tools
and constructed with the ggalluvial R package and Cytoscape software. ceRNA networks were validated
using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western
blot.

Results:

198 DEMs and 90 DECs were differentially expressed in APP/PS1 vs. wild-type hippocampus.
DEM GO analysis revealed significant enrichment in transcription regulation, which was subdivided
into three main clusters: transcription regulation, synaptic plasticity, and protein refolding.
Within the transcription regulation cluster, AP-1 transcription factor components serve as hub genes.
The mmu_circ_0001787(circGLCE)/miR-339-5p/Junb and mmu_circ_0001899(circFAM120C)/
miR-181a-5p/Egr1 ceRNA networks were established based on qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis.

Conclusion:

Two AP-1 transcription factor component-related ceRNA networks, circGLCE/miR-
339-5p/Junb and circFAM120C/miR-181a-5p/Egr1, were constructed using a mouse model of AD.
These ceRNA networks may contribute to transcription regulation in AD and provide potential biomarkers
for AD diagnosis and treatment.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Chalcone Derivatives as
Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Saini Pooja , Rehman Zia Ur , Kumar Sushil
Published: June 2022

Aim:

The present research work aims to prepare a series of 1-(4-(2-(1H-indol-1-yl)-2-
oxoethoxy)phenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives.

Method:

The major compound was achieved by the reaction of indole with chloroacetylchloride in
benzene afforded 2-chloro-1-(indoline-1-yl) ethanone which reacts o- hydroxy acetophenone in presence
of acetonitrile to form 2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-1-(1H-indol-1-yl)ethan-1-one then goes through aldol
condensation to give various final derivatives.

Results and conclusion:

After the synthesis of compounds, the synthesized compounds were characterized
by checking their solubility, melting point, thin layer chromatography, IR, 1HNMR spectral
data and elemental analysis. All of the prepared derivatives were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory
activity on wistar albino rats by following the carrageenan-induced Rat Hind Paw Edema model.
Nano-Based Drug Delivery of Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs Targeting
Breast Cancer
Authors: Behl Akanksha , Chhillar Anil K.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Chemotherapeutic drugs are principally intended to treat breast cancer. However, sooner or later in tumor drug resistance developed. These chemo drugs are effectual, but with numerous side effects. Breast cancer care may be extremely difficult since recurring cancer is frequently pre-treated with powerful agents, and cancer cells acquire high resistance to earlier therapies, necessitating the use of alternative and more powerful drugs. Nanoparticles(NPs) as a medication delivery technology can overcome medication resistance in breast cancer and significantly reduce the effective dose. The off-targeted nature of chemo drugs can be resolved by encapsulating or attaching chemo drugs in nanocarrier which targets specifically breast cancer cells.

Objectives:

In this review, we highlight various chemo drugs for breast cancer and their encapsulation or bioconjugation with nanoparticles for its targeted delivery.

Conclusion:

Nanoparticles may subsist valuable abet in breast cancer management in this regard. Given that traditional chemotherapy, approaches have been demonstrated to have several side effects and defects during treatment, the NPs-mediated Drug delivery mechanism is a possible contender for replacement as a new technique.
A Comprehensive Review on Journey of Pyrrole Scaffold Against Multiple Therapeutic
Targets
Authors: Mir Reyaz Hassan , Mir Prince Ahad , Mohi-ud-din Roohi , Sabreen Saba , Maqbool Mudasir , Shah Abdul Jalil , Shenmar Kitika , Raza Syed Naeim , Pottoo Faheem Hyder
Published: June 2022

Heterocyclic compounds are that type of substances that are deeply intertwined with biological processes.
Heterocycles are found in about 90% of commercially available medicines. In medicinal chemistry, finding new synthetic
molecules with drug-like characteristics is a regular problem, which triggered the development of pharmacological
molecules, the majority of which are based on N-heterocyclic motifs. Among the heterocycles, the pyrrole scaffold
is the most commonly found heterocycle in both natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. Pyrrole has a fivemembered
heterocyclic ring with a plethora of pharmacophores, resulting in a library of different lead compounds.
Pyrrole derivatives are physiologically active heterocyclic compounds that can be used as scaffolds for antibacterial,
antiviral, anticancer, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, and as enzyme inhibitors. On account of their extensive pharmacological
profile, pyrrole and its various synthetic derivatives have drawn much attention from researchers to explore
it for the benefit of humankind. This review presents an overview of recent developments in the pyrrole derivatives
against multiple therapeutic targets.
Antihypertensive Activity of Prunus armeniaca in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Bouadid Ismail , Akdad Mourad
Published: June 2022

Aims:

The goal of this work was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of Prunus armeniaca.

Background:

Prunus armeniaca is known for its beneficial medicinal properties.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Prunus armeniaca L. (P. armeniaca) leaves (PAAE) on arterial blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

Materials and Methods:

In the in vivo examination, N-omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride( L-NAME)-induced hypertensive and normotensive rats received PAAE (160 and 100 mg/kg) orally for the acute experiment spanning 6 hours and for seven days for the subchronic treatment; their blood pressure parameters were also evaluated. In the in vitro experiment, isolated intact thoracic aortic rings were precontracted with KCl (80 mM) and epinephrine (EP) (10 μM), and vascular dilatation was assessed.

Results:

PAAE lowered blood pressure parameters in L-NAME-induced hypertensive without affecting normotensive rats following oral administration, suggesting that PAAE possesses an antihypertensive effect. In addition, PAAE (0.25-1 mg/mL) revealed a vasorelaxant effect in thoracic aortic rings precontracted by EP (10 μM), and this effect was especially reduced in the presence of glibenclamide or nifedipine. However, PAAE (0.25-1 mg/mL) had only a minimal vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings precontracted by KCl (80 mM).

Conclusion:

The results demonstrate that the P. armeniaca aqueous extract possesses potent antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activity, and its vasorelaxant activity seems to be mediated through the opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels and inhibition of L-type calcium channels.
Small-Signal Stability Improvement of Grid Integrated DFIG and SOFC
System with SSSC-POD Using Coordinated Optimization Approach
Authors: He Ping , Jin Haoran , Fang Qiyuan , Qi Pan , Gong Zhijie , Ji Yuqi
Published: June 2022

Background:

Focusing on the stability problems brought by integrated wind power and fuel cell, the objective of this paper is to analyze small-signal stability and improvement of a hybrid renewable energy system connected with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) energy with the static series synchronous compensator (SSSC) and power-oscillation damper (POD).

Methods:

For this purpose, a SSSC-POD controller is designed and the state-space representation of such a hybrid power system for modal analysis is developed. Then an approach of coordination and optimization of SSSC-POD parameters based on genetic algorithm (GA) and modal analysis is proposed to further improve the power system small-signal stability.

Results:

Several designed scenarios, including changing the tie-line power, POD input signal and SOFC power output, are considered in IEEE two-area system to test the proposed method through small-disturbance eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulations.

Conclusion:

Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively suppress the local and inter-area oscillations and improve power system stability.
Lipid-Based Nanomaterials in Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis
Authors: Obeid Mohammad A. , Qaraghuli Mohammed Al , Ruano Marta , Sangboonruang Sirikwan , Alsaadi Manal , Tragoolpua Yingmanee , Ferro Valerie A.
Published: June 2022

Cancer consists of a wide range of diseases that are mainly driven by the
continuous unregulated proliferation of cancer cells. Current treatment options include
the use of chemotherapies, radiotherapy, and surgery. Recently, there was an increased
interest in applying nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer diagnosis and treatment. NPs are
materials in the size range 1 to 100 nm and can be classified based on their properties,
shape, or size. They have attracted wide attention because of their versatile
physicochemical properties, nanoscale sizes, high surface-to-volume ratios, favourable
drug release profiles, and targeting modifications. Nanotechnology can be used to
improve the personalisation of cancer diagnosis and treatment by enhancing the
detection of cancer-specific biomarkers, imaging of tumours and their metastases,
specific drug delivery to target cells, and real-time observation of treatment
progression. This chapter will highlight the main types of lipid NPs with their
preparation methods. The clinical applications of these lipid NPs in cancer diagnosis
and treatment will be presented along with the currently approved drugs based on these
NPs.
Polymeric Nanomaterials for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Roychoudhury Rajarshi
Published: June 2022

Despite global efforts for decades, the number of cancer cases is still on the
rise. Although in recent times there has been significant improvement in
immunotherapy, chemotherapy remains standard care for cancer patients alongside
radiation and surgery. Chemotherapeutic drugs and diagnostic agents (MRI, PET,
Ultrasound) lack specificity and often suffer from poor solubility and unwanted
biodistribution. This results in unnecessary high dose requirements, systemic toxicity,
and compromised quality of life for the patients. Beside therapy, early diagnosis is
essential for the successful treatment and cure of cancer patients, just like any other
disease. Therefore, a suitable delivery vehicle is always needed for the theranostic
agents. Viral vectors are routinely used for the delivery of genetic material. But
parallelly, nanoparticles made with biodegradable, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic
polymers are often used as a carrier of chemotherapy drugs, diagnostic agents as well
as genetic materials. Once decorated with specific ligands, these nanocontainers can
deliver cargo molecules to target tissue and organs with high precision.
Conclusion, Outlook, and Prospects: Bionanomaterials in Clinical Utilization
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A A , Pal Kaushik , Bashatwah Rasha M. , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: June 2022

Nanomaterials have contributed to significant advancements in the realms of
biotechnology and medicine. A holistic examination of the different biocompatible
nanocomposites is discussed in this chapter. Their compatibility with state-of-the-art
engineering techniques, such as additive manufacturing to design practical surgical
implants, is also discussed. The importance and potential of nanocomposites and
manufacturing processes in implantable medical device industries are also thoroughly
considered. Nanomaterials' unique characteristics contrast with their large counterparts,
such as high surfaces, reactivity, and reproducibility. Their incorporation in matrices
has shown that the resultant composites' mechanical, chemical, and physical properties
can be improved.Consequently, a wide variety of technical technologies, such as energy products,
biomedical applications, micro-electrical equipment etc., have been intensively
researched. Furthermore, the foundation for many new medicines and surgical
instruments, including nanorobots, has been built on nanobiotechnology. It has been
utilized in almost every medical sector, and its usage in the treatment of different
diseases, such as cancer, neurobiology, cardiovascular disorders, joint and bone
disorders, eye diseases, and infectious diseases, has been evident through different
studies. Nanobiotechnology can promote diagnostics and the advancement of
customized medicine, i.e., prescribing unique therapeutics that are tailored to an
individual's needs. Many advances have already begun, and a definite effect on
medicine practice will be felt in a decade.
ESTIMATION OF THE FREQUENCY OF GENETIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN D LEVELS AND OSTEOPOROSIS IN THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE
Authors: Shchubelka Khrystyna , Wolfsberger Walter , Oleksyk Olga , Oleksyk Taras
Published: June 2022

Circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of osteoporosis have significant inheritance. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GC, DHCR7/NADSYN1, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, and SEC23A genes have shown significant association with these conditions in previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Objective: to study the frequency of alleles associated with circulating levels of vitamin D and osteoporosis in the cohort of Ukrainians, as well as to compare the frequencies of these variants with individuals of Western and Northern European origin.
Materials and Methods. This paper presents the results of the study of the frequencies of genomic variants associated with vitamin D levels and osteoporosis in a cohort of 97 Ukrainians based on genome data obtained by whole genome sequencing (WGS), as well as comparing their frequencies with the combined European population (CEU) of the "1000 genomes" project (persons of Western and Northern European ancestry). Files with the primary publicly available genomic data of Ukrainians were annotated using ANNOVAR and SNPEff software using the reference database of the human genome version hg38. Comparison of allele frequencies between populations was performed using Fisher's exact test using the number of alleles in the two studied populations and the construction of conjugated 2x2 tables.
Results. It was found that of the 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms included in the analysis, 10, namely rs2282679; rs4855; rs10033936; rs3755967; rs17467825; rs12639968; rs1155563; rs17216707; rs10745742; rs180119, significantly differ in the Ukrainian cohort comparatively to CEU. Using correlation analysis, we also found that the genotypes of SNPs rs3755967, rs17467825, rs2282679 and rs4855 in Ukrainians are completely correlated with each other (r = 1), which means that they are in a state of complete linkage in Ukrainians of the given cohorts.
Conclusion. Such findings may be the evidence of evolutionary and adaptation processes in the regulation of vitamin D levels and bone mineral density in the population of Ukraine and requires further studies of phenotype-genotype relationship.
Associations Between Family Member Involvement and Outcomes of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gray Tamryn F , Kwok Anne , Do Khuyen M , Zeng Sandra , Moseley Edward T , Dbeis Yasser M , Umeton Renato , Tulsky James A , El-Jawahri Areej , Lindvall Charlotta
Published: June 2022

Background

Little is known about family member involvement, by relationship status, for patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objective

Using documentation of family interactions in clinical notes, we examined associations between child and spousal involvement and ICU patient outcomes, including goals of care conversations (GOCCs), limitations in life-sustaining therapy (LLST), and 3-month mortality.

Methods

Using a retrospective cohort design, the study included a total of 858 adult patients treated between 2008 and 2012 in the medical ICU at a tertiary care center in northeastern United States. Clinical notes generated within the first 48 hours of admission to the ICU were used with standard machine learning methods to predict patient outcomes. We used natural language processing methods to identify family-related documentation and abstracted sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients from the medical record.

Results

Most of the 858 patients were White (n=650, 75.8%); 437 (50.9%) were male, 479 (55.8%) were married, and the median age was 68.4 (IQR 56.5-79.4) years. Most patients had documented GOCC (n=651, 75.9%). In adjusted regression analyses, child involvement (odds ratio [OR] 0.81; 95% CI 0.49-1.34; P=.41) and child plus spouse involvement (OR 1.28; 95% CI 0.8-2.03; P=.3) were not associated with GOCCs compared to spouse involvement. Child involvement was not associated with LLST when compared to spouse involvement (OR 1.49; 95% CI 0.89-2.52; P=.13). However, child plus spouse involvement was associated with LLST (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.02-2.52; P=.04). Compared to spouse involvement, there were no significant differences in the 3-month mortality by family member type, including child plus spouse involvement (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.91-2.09; P=.13) and child involvement (OR 1.47; 95% CI 0.9-2.41; P=.12).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that statistical models derived from text analysis in the first 48 hours of ICU admission can predict patient outcomes. Early child plus spouse involvement was associated with LLST, suggesting that decisions about LLST were more likely to occur when the child and spouse were both involved compared to the involvement of only the spouse. More research is needed to further understand the involvement of different family members in ICU care and its association with patient outcomes.
Utilization of Coffee Pulp Waste Composted with Cellulolytic Actinomycetes to Enhance Chili Plant Growth
Authors: Fatmawati Umi , Sari Dewi Puspita , Indrowati Meti , Santosa Slamet , Wiraswati Sri Martina , Harlita Harlita
Published: June 2022

The abundant volume of coffee bean pulp as a  by-product of the post-harvest processing is an important source of soil organic matter if it is properly handled. The alternative way to use coffee bean pulp waste to reduce the impact of environmental pollution is composting. This study aims to determine the ability of actinomycetes to degrade coffee pulp, to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of coffee pulp compost, and to evaluate the effect of coffee pulp compost on chili plant growth. The results showed that 7 isolates of actinomycetes were able to hydrolyze coffee pulp in vitro with a hydrolytic index of 1.7-3.81. The treatment of coffee pulp compost with the addition of a starter of cellulolytic actinomycetes (P2) at the end of the three-week incubation period showed the highest organic N (25 mg/kg), P (7.05 mg/kg), and K (33 mg/kg), t compared to other treatments. The effect of giving coffee pulp compost towards the growth of chili plants shows that  the coffee pulp composted with zeolite 5% (w/w) increased the height of the chili plants by 37.6%, while in coffee pulp composted by cellulolytic actinomycetes 5% (v/w) increased the number of leaves by 96% and plant biomass by 25%.  Based on the results of this research, coffee pulp compost has the potential to be used as biological fertilizer to increase plant growth, both composted by zeolite and cellulolytic actinomycetes
The Protective Effect of Gynura procumbens Adventitious Root against Lead Acetate Toxicity in Mice
Authors: Sugiharto Sugiharto , Winarni Dwi , Islamatasya Ufairanisa , Muhsyi Abdul Hakim , Merpati Ahimsa Buena , Manuhara Yosephine Sri Wulan
Published: June 2022

Lead induced oxidative stress contributes to increase the productivity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to disrupt the antioxidant balance. Gynura procumbens adventitious root (GPAR) methanol extract contains abundant phenolic and flavonoids compounds as antioxidants and can be used as traditional medicinal plants. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of GPAR against lead acetate toxicity in mice to haematological parameter, histological of hepatic cells, and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The data obtained from five groups of treatment: P1 (control), P2 (Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P3 (GPAR-100 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P4 (GPAR-200 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P5 (GPAR-300 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L). The results indicated that administration of methanol extract of GPAR can prevent the decreasing of haematological parameter, maintain the percentage of normal hepatic cells, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) due to lead acetate treatment. The effective dose of GPAR extract was 300 mg/L. This study provides that methanol extract of G. procumbens adventitious root exerts protective effects against lead acetate toxicity in mice.
Strategi Adaptasi Masyarakat selama masa Pandemi Covid-19: Studi di Desa Tegaltirto Kecamatan Berbah Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Rahman Fathin Aulia , Ruslanjari Dina , Giyarsih Sri Rum
Published: June 2022

Dalam berbagai studi sering menunjukkan bahwa dalam situasi krisis berbagai bentuk kemampuan manusia dalam beradaptasi atau strategi bertahan hidup untuk keluar dari kesulitan. Hal ini terbukti ketika pandemi Covid-19  telah menyerang masyarakat seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Studi ini akan membahas dan menganalisis bagaimana strategi dan bentuk adaptasi masyarakat selama pandemi Covid-19, secara khusus di Desa Tegaltirto,Kecamatan Berbah, Kabupaten Sleman. Desa Tegaltirto menarik untuk diteliti karena desa ini menjadi akses utama dan jalur perdagangan antar kecamatan dan kabupaten. Sebagian besar masyarakatnya bekerja pada sektor informal yang rentan terhadap perubahan dan krisis. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode survei dengan sampel populasi diambil di Dusun Kadisono, Sompilan dan Semoya dengan teknik sampling menggunakan stratified random sampling, jumlah sampel proporsional dengan jumlah populasi.Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh rumah tangga di Desa Tegaltirto menerapkan strategi bertahan hidup, bentuk strategi paling banyak dilakukan yaitu melakukan kontrol terhadap pemasukan dan pengeluaran. Pada strategi konsolidasi mayoritas rumah tangga menerapkan strategi menyesuaikan pengeluaran antar waktu dengan cara mengambil tabungan, mencari pinjaman, menggadai barang dan/atau menjual aset yang dimiliki. Sedangkan rumah tangga yang lainnya menerapkan strategi akumulasi dengan meningkatkan pemasukan melalui peningkatan produksi usaha yang dimilikinya
Tourist Preferences in Culinary during Covid-19 Pandemic in Bandung
Authors: Baharta Edwin , Achmad Suryana Heryawan , Wulandari Astri , Marcelino Dandy
Published: June 2022

Tourism is one of the areas that is badly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic and this includes culinary tourism. However, shifts in culinary preference during the pandemic also give a new life in culinary tourism. Bandung, one of Indonesia’s major tourist destination, shows a potential to develop further in its culinary tourism during the pandemic. This however requires a proper strategy through identifying the preferences of tourists in choosing culinary tourism during the pandemic. This research provides a knowledge base for culinary tourism business people regarding tourist preferences in a pandemic situation like today. Data about the preferences of tourists can help culinary tourism business people to develop the right strategy to serve tourists in future and can design the right policies and strategies to respond the expectations and desires of tourists, especially culinary tourism in Bandung. With a sample size of 400 respondents, this study is a descriptive quantitative study employing the conjoint analysis approach, which is the most popular methodology to analyzing tourist preferences. This research found that the possibilities of travelers preferences when travelling Bandung as culinary vacation spot in pandemic are as follows. The aspect of selecting culinary products based on tourist facilities is the preference of tourists in COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the location of culinary with consideration of easy access or reach becomes choice of tourists in pandemic, in addition to the important of health protocols the cleanliness of locations. Finally, the priority score analysis found that the culinary product selection element has the greatest importance level among the other features.
Health-Seeking Behavior of People in Five Sub-Districts in Karawang Regency
Authors: Azis Iqbal Ainnun , Arisanti Nita , Mariani Helni , Agustian Dwi , Mayasari Wulan , Sujatmiko Budi
Published: June 2022

Background: Health-seeking behavior is an individual’s action to maintain and improve their degree of health and/or search for treatment, and it is influenced by many factors. The objectives of this study were to identify the preferences and reasons of people to visit healthcare facilities.Methods: This study was a descriptive study, conducted on November 5th 2019 at five sub-districts in Karawang Regency. Data were collected from all respondents using a guided questionnaire by trained enumerators. The respondents who did not complete the questionnaire were excluded from this study. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and presented in percentages.Results: Out of 430 subjects, 18.6% were male and 81.4% were female, who were mostly in the age range of ≥ 18 years (99.5%). The sub-district health community center (Puskesmas) was the healthcare facilities most frequently visited and most preferred (39.7% and 40.9%), followed by a private clinic (21.3% and 22.3%) and a midwife (18.1% and 17.9%). Additionally, accessibility, affordability of the treatment cost, and waiting time were the main factors that influence people’s decision in using the healthcare facilities.Conclusion: The sub-district health community center was the healthcare facilities most frequently visited and most preferred by respondents. Accessibility, cost affordability, and waiting time were the factors that influence people’s decision in using the healthcare facilities.
Sharing Management of COVID-19 in America as well as Public Health Centers and Primary Clinics in Indonesia
Authors: Marlina Siti , Kusnanto Hari , Graber Mark Alan
Published: June 2022

Since the Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020, and then Indonesia declared COVID-19 a national disaster on March 14, 2020, COVID-19 cases in Indonesia and the world have increased rapidly. Puskesmas and clinics are at the forefront of handling and preventing the transmission of COVID-19. Puskesmas and clinics must prepare their own resources and service protocols in order to serve the community without neglecting the safety and health of patients and health workers from the risk of transmission of COVID-19. Health workers meet with patients and visitors to health facilities every day, sometimes even with inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE), so they are very much at risk of being exposed to COVID-19, from patients or vice versa. With the increase in COVID-19 cases, a comprehensive effort is needed in case management and efforts to break the chain of transmission and keep health workers protected in conducting their duties. Modification of health service facilities in Puskesmas and clinics, changes in service flow, standard operating procedures for health services must be adjusted by paying attention to the safety of health workers and patients/visitors to avoid COVID-19 transmission. Preparedness of Puskesmas and clinics in facing the COVID-19 pandemic should be done by strict management according to the patient's condition by paying attention to PPE principles, conducting strict surveillance of suspected and positive COVID-19 cases, case reporting system within 1x 24 hours to the District/City Health Office, conducting epidemiology investigations and providing risk communication to the community as well as improving networks with stakeholders, across sectors and local community leaders.