bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyponatraemia and confusion in a 70-year-old female when bupropion was added to dothiepin and escitalopram
Authors: Wiggins Aaron , Balasubramanian Thangam , Ferraro Angelo
Published: September 2015

Objective:

Hyponatraemia secondary to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a well-recorded adverse event observed in elderly patients on antidepressant treatment. Bupropion is an antidepressant agent usually reserved as an augmentation strategy for treatment-resistant depression. While hyponatraemia is not a documented side effect of bupropion, there are a few cases outside of Australia reported in the literature. We report on a case of hyponatraemia observed on bupropion initiation in a 70-year-old female patient with treatment-resistant depression. We present a discussion of the possible mechanism of action for the hyponatraemia observed in our case and prior reported cases.

Conclusions:

Our case and review of the available literature highlights the dangers of polypharmacy in the management of treatment-resistant depression. Our findings suggest that the association of hyponatraemia with bupropion in our and subsequent cases was likely the result of medication interaction and not a direct side effect of bupropion. Where bupropion is being used as an augmenting agent in the treatment of depression we would suggest checking of serum sodium prior to commencement of bupropion, and monitoring thereafter. This is especially important in elderly patients where other risk factors for hyponatraemia are likely to be present.
Introducing a competency based Fellowship programme for psychiatry in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Jurd Stephen , de Beer Wayne , Aimer Margaret , Fletcher Scott , Halley Elaine , Schapper Cathy , Orkin Michelle
Published: September 2015

Objectives:

The aim of this paper is to summarise the new psychiatry Fellowship programme and its rationale, highlighting the new inclusions, revised assessment structure, the benefits and structure of the programme.

Conclusions:

The 2012 Fellowship programme is based on the CanMEDs educational framework. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) underwent a comprehensive process, adapting the CanMEDs competencies to a psychiatric framework and mapping the curriculum to Fellowship competencies, learning outcomes and developmental descriptors of the various stages of training. The 2012 Fellowship programme introduced summative entrustable professional activities (EPAs), formative workplace-based assessments (WBAs) and revised external assessments.
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? An audit of records of involuntary detention
Authors: O’Connor Nick , Belford Andrew , Corish John , Olmstead Colleen
Published: September 2015

Objectives:

To determine the appropriateness and utility of the certificates issued under the New South Wales Mental Health Act (MHA) and compliance with the requirements of the MHA. The analysis also compares MHA documentation by different groups of health professionals and police.

Methods:

The MHA certificates associated with 100 consecutive involuntary Emergency Department presentations were audited.

Results:

Considerable variability exists between professional groups in the level of detail, appropriateness, clinical utility and compliance of MHA certificates. Over 10% of Schedule 1s failed to meet the requirements of the MHA, potentially invalidating the involuntary detention of these patients. Information provided by police was typically superior in informing initial risk assessment and emergency management.

Conclusions:

A number of patients are presently being detained under incomplete MHA certificates. Educational initiatives that aim to improve awareness of the MHA’s requirements, and the potential uses of the information contained in MHA certificates, could encourage professionals to complete these certificates in a more appropriate and clinically useful manner.
The Impact of Community Violence on School-Based Research
Authors: Velsor-Friedrich Barbara , Richards Maryse , Militello Lisa K. , Deane Kyle C. , Scott Darrick , Gross Israel M. , Romero Edna
Published: September 2015

Research conducted on youth exposure to violence has generally focused on documenting the prevalence of community violence and its emotional and behavioral implications. However, there is a dearth of information related to the impact of violence on the implementation and evaluation of community and school-based programs. This commentary examines the impact of community violence on a school-based research program. It is also a brief summary of the detrimental effects of exposure to community violence on psychological and academic functioning and health outcomes. An example of the impact of community violence on the implementation of a school-based asthma program will be addressed. Implications for school nurses will be discussed.
Addressing Parental Vaccination Questions in the School Setting
Authors: Luthy Karlen E. , Burningham Jana , Eden Lacey M. , Macintosh Janelle L. B. , Beckstrand Renea L.
Published: September 2015

School nurses work in a unique environment with key opportunities to address parental concerns and questions regarding their child’s health. A common concern for parents during school enrollment is childhood vaccination safety and efficacy. As public health leaders, school nurses are well respected among parents, therefore school nurses are in a prime position to educate parents and promote childhood vaccinations while also dispelling common vaccination myths. The purpose of this integrative literature review is to synthesize evidence-based answers to common parental questions regarding childhood vaccinations.
Dexmedetomidine for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Linn Dustin D. , Loeser Kathryn C.
Published: September 2015

Objective: To review available evidence evaluating dexmedetomidine in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) while identifying gaps in evidence for its use in this setting. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search (1966-August 2015) to identify English-language articles evaluating the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in alcohol withdrawal. Key words included alcohol, withdrawal, delirium tremens, and dexmedetomidine. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language observational studies, retrospective reviews, and clinical trials were included. Case reports and case series describing the use of dexmedetomidine in 10 or fewer patients were excluded. Data Synthesis: One randomized, controlled trial, 1 prospective observational study, and 6 retrospective reviews were identified. The only randomized, controlled trial identified showed that the addition of dexmedetomidine decreases benzodiazepine requirements more than placebo in the first 24 hours after initiation compared with the 24 hours prior to initiation (−56.8 mg vs −8 mg; P = 0.037). Overall, dexmedetomidine appears to lower benzodiazepine requirements in patients with AWS and decreases the sympathomimetic response seen in these patients. There was no convincing evidence that dexmedetomidine improves clinical endpoints in patients with AWS, such as need for mechanical ventilation or intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine reduces hypertension and tachycardia in AWS and also reduces benzodiazepine requirements; however, the impact of these findings on important clinical endpoints is yet to be determined. Dexmedetomidine may be useful as adjunctive therapy; however, it cannot be recommended as a single agent in the management of AWS.
Histology-Driven Therapy
Authors: Noujaim Jonathan , Thway Khin , Sheri Amna , Keller Charles , Jones Robin L.
Published: September 2015

Soft tissue tumors (STTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms accounting for less than 1% of adult cancers. More than 50 different subtypes of STTs have been identified, with this number expected to grow as our understanding of the complex genetic landscape of these diseases improves. As the classification of soft tissue neoplasms continues to diversify, so does the approach to therapy. Accurate histopathologic diagnosis, utilizing the appropriate ancillary immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic platforms, underpins the oncologic management of soft tissue sarcomas. As increasing numbers of reproducible genetic abnormalities in soft tissue neoplasms are defined, molecular genetic and molecular cytogenetic investigations have become a standard part of the ancillary diagnostic repertoire. However, other soft tissue neoplasms lack reproducible genetic abnormalities, and for these, traditional histology and immunohistochemistry remain the cornerstones for diagnosis. Here, we give an overview of histology-driven therapy in STTs, highlighting the critical role of accurate surgical pathology in guiding the systemic treatment of patients with these neoplasms, and the importance of close collaboration between the surgical pathologist and the oncologist. We also summarize what is considered standard practice in nonhistology- and histology-driven therapy.
Comparison of an IgG-Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Cutoff of 0.4 Versus 0.8 and 1.0 Optical Density Units for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ritchie Brianne M. , Connors Jean M. , Sylvester Katelyn W.
Published: September 2015

Background:

Previous studies have demonstrated optimized diagnostic accuracy in utilizing higher antiheparin–platelet factor 4 (PF4) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) optical density (OD) thresholds for diagnosing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). We describe the incidence of positive serotonin release assay (SRA) results, as well as performance characteristics, for antiheparin–PF4 ELISA thresholds ≥0.4, ≥0.8, and ≥1.0 OD units in the diagnosis of HIT at our institution.

Methods:

Following institutional review board approval, we conducted a single-center retrospective chart review on adult inpatients with a differential diagnosis of HIT evaluated by both antiheparin–PF4 ELISA and SRA from 2012 to 2014. The major endpoints were to assess incidence of positive SRA results, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy at antiheparin–PF4 ELISA values ≥0.4 OD units when compared to values ≥0.8 and ≥1.0 OD units. Clinical characteristics, including demographics, laboratory values, clinical and safety outcomes, length of stay, and mortality, were collected.

Results:

A total of 140 patients with 140 antiheparin–PF4 ELISA and SRA values were evaluated, of which 23 patients were SRA positive (16.4%) and 117 patients were SRA negative (83.6%). We identified a sensitivity of 91.3% versus 82.6% and 73.9%, specificity of 61.5% versus 87.2% and 91.5%, PPV of 31.8% versus 55.9% and 63.0%, NPV of 97.3% versus 96.2% and 94.7%, and accuracy of 66.4% versus 86.4% and 88.6% at antiheparin–PF4 ELISA thresholds ≥0.4, ≥0.8, and ≥1.0 OD units, respectively.

Conclusion:

Our study suggests an increased antiheparin–PF4 ELISA threshold of 0.8 or 1.0 OD units enhances specificity, PPV, and accuracy while maintaining NPV with decreased sensitivity.
What Should We Expect? A Comparison of the Community Benefit and Projected Government Support of Maryland Hospitals
Authors: Turner Jason S. , Broom Kevin D. , Goldner Jesse A. , Lee Jen-Fu
Published: September 2015

Designation as a tax-exempt, not-for-profit entity carries with it specific tax benefits. In exchange for tax exemptions, not-for-profit entities are expected to provide benefits to their communities. To evaluate whether hospitals provide community benefits (CBs) equivalent to the financial subsidies and advantages extended to them, tax liabilities and financial support were projected for all Maryland acute care hospitals between 2010 and 2012 and in the aggregate over the 3 years of this study. A comparison was then made between the provision of CBs and the financial support that governments provide to the hospitals. The results indicate that hospitals provide significantly and substantially more CBs than the material financial support they receive. Even after modeling changes in CB activities and the associated tax liabilities that may result from transitioning to taxable status, the benefits that hospitals provide to the communities they serve continue to exceed the potential government tax revenues.
“He Could Scare Me Without Laying a Hand on Me”
Authors: Crossman Kimberly A. , Hardesty Jennifer L. , Raffaelli Marcela
Published: September 2015

Studies demonstrate the negative effects of violent coercive control but few examine coercive control without violence. This study describes the characteristics of nonviolent coercive control among 8 divorcing mothers and compares them with 47 mothers who experienced violent coercive control or no violence/no control. Mothers with nonviolent coercive control reported more coping strategies, risk, harassment, and perceived threat than mothers with no violence/no control; similar levels of fear and control during marriage as mothers with violent coercive control; and more postseparation fear than both groups. Findings highlight the need to include nonviolent coercive control in screening methods and research measures.
Imported Inequality? Immigration and Income Inequality in the American States
Authors: Xu Ping , Garand James C. , Zhu Ling
Published: September 2015

In this article, we use data from the American states from 1996 to 2008 to explore the effects of immigration on income inequality. Empirical evidence from both static and dynamic models shows that the foreign-born population has a strong positive effect on state-level income inequality, even when we control for a range of federal and state political and economic contextual variables. We also find that the positive relationship between immigration and state income inequality is driven primarily by low-skill immigrants (rather than high-skill immigrants), and we provide some evidence that high-skill immigrants lower income inequality for some segments of the income distribution. We conclude that immigration—particularly low-skilled immigration—has an important effect on income inequality in the American states.
Female Membership in the Black-Society Style Criminal Organizations
Authors: Shen Anqi
Published: September 2015

From the 1970s onwards, women’s participation in gangs in the mainstream Western social contexts has been increasingly researched. However, the experiences of women in other cultural settings are rarely discussed. This qualitative study focuses on female members of the black-society style criminal organizations (BSSCO) in China. It starts with reviewing literature on female gang membership and on BSSCO so as to locate its discussions in the international criminological framework. This is followed by a methodology section, and then it analyses the empirical findings. This article seeks to provide some theoretical insights into the construction of female criminal membership in broader social contexts.
The value of the model of a socially integral teaching/learning environment in the classroom from the point of view of learners who tend to socially withdraw
Authors: Kyburiene Laima , Navickiene Gemma
Published: September 2015

The article gives a review of the investigations publicised in the scientific papers of various countries, which reveal the increase in social closure and analyse the problematic conception of social withdrawal; introduces the theoretical (ideal) model of a socially integral teaching/learning environment in the classroom; uncovers its impact on the behaviour of the learners who tend to socially withdraw; discusses their understanding of integral teaching/learning environment as well as the value and possibilities that such an environment provides them to help become active, which is authentically based on their own wording of this understanding and experience acquired while implementing the above-mentioned model in the classroom; and submits their thoughts about socially integral teaching/learning environment, its impact on their state of mind in the classroom and their willingness to learn and participate in class activities.
Brief psychologically informed physiotherapy training is associated with changes in physiotherapists’ attitudes and beliefs towards working with people with chronic pain
Authors: Jacobs Clair M , Guildford Beth J , Travers Warren , Davies Megan , McCracken Lance M
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to investigate the impact of a brief psychologically informed physiotherapy training (PIPT) course on physiotherapists’ attitudes and beliefs towards working with people with chronic pain. Specifically, the training aimed to help the participants better recognise the role of psychosocial factors in chronic pain and to better target the key processes of the psychological flexibility (PF) model in their treatment interactions. A total of 26 physiotherapists working in an outpatient musculoskeletal (MSK) department participated in the 7-hour training session. A total of 25 participants completed self-report questionnaires on attitudes and beliefs, burnout and PF-relevant processes pre- and post-training. The pre- and post-measures were completed on the day of training. PIPT was associated with significant changes in the expected direction in physiotherapists’ attitudes towards treatment of people with chronic pain, including a moderate effect size on the Health Care Provider–Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) (decreased biomedical scores) and a large effect size on the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT) (increased biopsychosocial scores and decreased biomedical scores). In conclusion, brief PIPT could help physiotherapists working in non-specialist centres with complex patients, many of whom present with significant emotional distress and pain-related disability. Further research is required to determine whether the changes in attitudes detected in this study translate into clinical practice and whether changes are maintained over a follow-up period.
Bacterial pericarditis in a cat
Authors: LeBlanc Nicole , Scollan Katherine F
Published: September 2015

Case summary

A 4-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Oregon State University cardiology service for suspected pericardial effusion. Cardiac tamponade was documented and pericardiocentesis yielded purulent fluid with cytologic results supportive of bacterial pericarditis. The microbial population consisted of Pasteurella multocida, Actinomyces canis, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides species. Conservative management was elected consisting of intravenous antibiotic therapy with ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium and metronidazole for 48 h followed by 4 weeks of oral antibiotics. Re-examination 3 months after the initial incident indicated no recurrence of effusion and the cat remained free of clinical signs 2 years after presentation.

Relevance and novel information

Bacterial pericarditis is a rare cause of pericardial effusion in cats. Growth of P multocida, A canis, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides species has not previously been documented in feline septic pericarditis. Conservative management with broad-spectrum antibiotics may be considered when further diagnostic imaging or exploratory surgery to search for a primary nidus of infection is not feasible or elected.
Some results in fixed point theory and application to the convergence of some iterative processes
Authors: Redjel Najeh , Dehici Abdelkader
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of fixed points for a class of self-mappings satisfying certain rational expressions on closed, bounded and convex subsets with normal structures in reflexive Banach spaces. We show that, in particular, this class extends that introduced by Ray and Singh (Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 9:216-221, 1978). As an application, we give an investigation of the convergence and stability of some iterative processes associated to these mappings.
The complete genome, structural proteome, comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis of a broad host lytic bacteriophage ϕD3 infecting pectinolytic Dickeya spp.
Authors: Czajkowski Robert , Ozymko Zofia , Siwinska Joanna , Ossowicki Adam , de Jager Victor , Narajczyk Magdalena , Łojkowska Ewa
Published: September 2015

Plant necrotrophic Dickeya spp. are among the top ten most devastating bacterial plant pathogens able to infect a number of different plant species worldwide including economically important crops. Little is known of the lytic bacteriophages infecting Dickeya spp. A broad host lytic bacteriophage ϕD3 belonging to the family Myoviridae and order Caudovirales has been isolated in our previous study. This report provides detailed information of its annotated genome, structural proteome and phylogenetic relationships with known lytic bacteriophages infecting species of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Calibration of attribute anomalies through prestack seismic modeling
Authors: Verma Sumit , Mutlu Onur , Ha Thang , Bailey William , Marfurt Kurt J.
Published: September 2015

Seismic modeling is commonly used in determining subsurface illumination of alternative seismic survey designs, in the calibration of seismic processing and imaging algorithms, and in the design of effective processing workflows. Seismic modeling also forms the mathematical kernel of impedance inversion and is routinely used to predict the amplitude-variation-with-offset response as a function of rock and fluid properties. However, the use of seismic modeling in seismic attribute studies is less common. We have evaluated four case studies in which 2D synthetic common shot gathers were computed (acoustic or elastic) and processed (including migration) to evaluate possible interpretation hypotheses. The modeling we used in our study shows that the lack of continuous coherence anomalies in a faulted Chicontepec Basin survey was due to overprinting by coherent interbed multiples. Attributes computed from the resulting processed model data revealed that subtle curvature anomalies in a Mississippi Lime survey were due to karst collapse rather than to velocity pushdown related to vertical gas migration. Impedance attributes computed from a Woodford Shale model favored the hypothesis of increased porosity correlated with the occurrence of subtle faults rather than amplitude dimming due to poor fault imaging. Finally, modeling of a fractured basement survey in the Texas Panhandle survey indicated that headwave suppression preserved the basement fracture response while increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. Seismic attribute study on seismic modeling results helped significantly in testing possible interpretation hypotheses in all of our case studies.
Exploring rationality in schizophrenia
Authors: Revsbech Rasmus , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Owen Gareth , Nordgaard Julie , Jansson Lennart , Sæbye Ditte , Flensborg-Madsen Trine , Parnas Josef
Published: September 2015

Background

Empirical studies of rationality (syllogisms) in patients with schizophrenia have obtained different results. One study found that patients reason more logically if the syllogism is presented through an unusual content.

Aims

To explore syllogism-based rationality in schizophrenia.

Method

Thirty-eight first-admitted patients with schizophrenia and 38 healthy controls solved 29 syllogisms that varied in presentation content (ordinary v. unusual) and validity (valid v. invalid). Statistical tests were made of unadjusted and adjusted group differences in models adjusting for intelligence and neuropsychological test performance.

Results

Controls outperformed patients on all syllogism types, but the difference between the two groups was only significant for valid syllogisms presented with unusual content. However, when adjusting for intelligence and neuropsychological test performance, all group differences became non-significant.

Conclusions

When taking intelligence and neuropsychological performance into account, patients with schizophrenia and controls perform similarly on syllogism tests of rationality.
Serotonin transporter polymorphism (5HTTLPR), severe childhood abuse and depressive symptom trajectories in adulthood
Authors: Nguyen Timothy B. , Gunn Jane M. , Potiriadis Maria , Everall Ian P. , Bousman Chad A.
Published: September 2015

Background

Cross-sectional studies suggest that the serotonin transporter promoter region polymorphism (5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region,5HTTLPR) moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and major depressive disorder.

Aims

To examine whether the5HTTLPRpolymorphism moderates the effect childhood abuse has on 5-year depressive symptom severity trajectories in adulthood.

Method

At 5-year follow-up, DNA from 333 adult primary care attendees was obtained and genotyped for the5HTTLPRpolymorphism. Linear mixed models were used to test for a genotype × childhood abuse interaction effect on 5-year depressive symptom severity trajectories.

Results

After covariate adjustment, homozygoussallele carriers with a history of severe childhood abuse had significantly greater depressive symptom severity at baseline compared with those without a history of severe childhood abuse and this effect persisted throughout the 5-year period of observation.

Conclusions

The5HTTLPR s/sgenotype robustly moderates the effects of severe childhood abuse on depressive symptom severity trajectories in adulthood.
Integration of Palliative Care Into Comprehensive Cancer Treatment at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Western Kenya
Authors: Cornetta Kenneth , Kipsang Susan , Gramelspacher Gregory , Choi Eunyoung , Brown Colleen , Hill Adam B. , Loehrer Patrick J. , Busakhala Naftali , Chite Asirwa F.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

The prognosis for the majority of patients with cancer in Kenya is poor, with most patients presenting with advanced disease. In addition, many patients are unable to afford the optimal therapies required. Therefore, palliative care is an essential part of comprehensive cancer care. This study reviews the implementation of a palliative care service based at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya, and describes the current scope and challenges of providing palliative care services in an East African tertiary public referral hospital.

Methods

This is a review of the palliative care clinical services at the only tertiary public referral hospital in western Kenya from January 2012 through September 2014. Palliative care team members documented each patient's encounter on standardized palliative care assessment forms; data were then entered into the Academic Model Providing Access to Health Care (AMPATH)-Oncology database. Interviews were also conducted to identify current challenges and opportunities for program improvement.

Results

This study documents the implementation of a palliative care service line in Eldoret, Kenya. Barriers to providing optimal palliative cancer care include distance to pharmacies that stock opioids, limited selection of opioid preparations, education of health care workers in palliative care, access to palliative chemoradiation, and limited availability of outpatient and inpatient hospice services.

Conclusion

Palliative care services in Eldoret, Kenya, have become a key component of its comprehensive cancer treatment program.
Cancer Care in Africa: An Overview of Resources
Authors: Stefan Daniela Cristina
Published: September 2015

Purpose

According to predictions from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, over the next 5 years, the annual number of new cases of cancer in Africa will grow to more than one million. Together with the immense loss in human life, there is a considerable economic setback attached to this number. However, most African nations are far from adequately scaling up their capacity to control cancer.

Methods

This study reviews the published data on the existing cancer control resources in Africa. It is, to our knowledge, the first combined effort looking at all resources available on the continent regarding cancer care.

Results

The total number of 102 cancer treatment centers, including general oncology centers, gynecologic oncology or other single-organ malignancy units, and pediatric oncology and palliative care establishments, is not sufficient to cover the increasing needs of the African population affected by cancer. In addition, the continental average total health expenditure per capita amounts to only US$82.

Conclusion

This review could serve as a starting point for devising realistic solutions meant to improve the prevention and management of malignant disease on the African continent.
Fetal Leydig Cells Persist as an Androgen-Independent Subpopulation in the Postnatal Testis
Authors: Shima Yuichi , Matsuzaki Sawako , Miyabayashi Kanako , Otake Hiroyuki , Baba Takashi , Kato Shigeaki , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Morohashi Ken-ichirou
Published: September 2015

Two distinct types of Leydig cells emerge during the development of eutherian mammals. Fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) appear shortly after gonadal sex differentiation, and play a crucial role in masculinization of male fetuses. Meanwhile, adult Leydig cells (ALCs) emerge after birth and induce the secondary male-specific sexual maturation by producing testosterone. Previous histological studies suggested that FLCs regress completely soon after birth. Furthermore, gene disruption studies indicated that androgen signaling is dispensable for FLC differentiation but indispensable for postnatal ALC differentiation. Here, we performed lineage tracing of FLCs using a FLC enhancer of the Ad4BP/SF-1 (Nr5a1) gene and found that FLCs persist in the adult testis. Given that postnatal FLCs expressed androgen receptor (AR) as well as LH receptor (LuR), the effects of AR disruption on FLCs and ALCs were analyzed by crossing AR knockout (KO) mice with FLC-specific enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mice. Moreover, to eliminate the influence of elevated LH levels in ARKO mice, LuRKO mice and AR/LuR double-KO mice were analyzed. The proportion of ALCs to postnatal FLCs was decreased in ARKO mice, and the effect was augmented in the double-KO mice, suggesting that androgen signaling plays important roles in ALCs, but not in FLCs. Finally, ARKO was achieved in an FLC-specific manner (FLCARKO mice), but the FLC number and gene expression pattern appeared unaffected. These findings support the conclusion that FLCs persist as an androgen-independent Leydig subpopulation in the postnatal testis.
What’s in a Name? Exploring the Nomenclature of Science Communication in the UK
Authors: Illingworth Sam , Redfern James , Millington Steve , Gray Sam
Published: September 2015

This study, via a consideration of the literature, and a limited survey of active science communicators, presents concise and workable definitions for science outreach, public engagement, widening participation, and knowledge exchange, in a UK context. 

Sixty-six per cent of participants agreed that their definitions of outreach, public engagement, and widening participation aligned with those of their colleagues, whilst 64% felt that their personal definitions matched those of their institute. However, closer inspection of the open-ended questions found the respondents often differed in the use of the nomenclature. In particular, the respondents found it difficult to define knowledge exchange in this context. It is hoped that this initial study will form the foundation of future work in this area, and that it will help to further develop the debate regarding the need for a consistent nomenclature across science communication.
Ensuring capacity meets demand: A case study
Authors: Turner Paul , Kane Ros , Jackson Christine
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this article is to analyse and understand the capacity of a district general hospital to meet its demand for emergency care and achieve the four-hour wait performance target: to ensure that patients should not ‘wait more than four hours in an [Emergency Department] from arrival to admission to a bed in the hospital, transfer elsewhere or discharge’ ( Department of Health, 2001 ). The research adopts a mixed methods case study design. Quantitative data from staff rotas, and resource availability and qualitative data from an ethnographic study are combined to evaluate the effect capacity provided has on performance. The article concludes that the framework adopted by the case site provides insufficient capacity planning to meet patient demand and has contributed to performance levels below target expectation. Departmental and managerial barriers obstruct timely movement of patients and this frequently leads to reactionary activities to meet performance targets.
The SOLO Taxonomy
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: September 2015

The SOLO taxonomy helps to map levels of student understanding, while constructive alignment is a principle used for devising teaching and learning activities. Matt Bromley explains their application in the classroom
The enjoyment of griefing in online games
Authors: Paul Hunter L. , Bowman Nicholas David , Banks Jaime
Published: September 2015

This article expands on the use of self-determination theory (SDT) as an explanation for enjoyment in video games. Two different types of players with contrasting gameplay styles were examined and compared using the theory: griefers, who enjoy engaging in activities meant to disrupt other players’ game experience, and more community-focused players. A two-condition experiment (randomly assigning respondents to complete different survey prompts) was used to examine griefers’ satisfaction of SDT needs compared to their levels of enjoyment when griefing others and if their gameplay style hinders their enjoyment or not when compared to community players. Results support the relationship between SDT need satisfaction and enjoyment, and indicate that griefers enjoy their gameplay style as much as community-based players, despite the antisocial nature of the gameplay style resulting in differing levels of need satisfaction. The results show the relationship between the three SDT needs and enjoyment based on an emphasis on the importance players place on individual needs.
Validación del Cuestionario de Actitudes ante las Intervenciones Asistidas por Perros (CAINTAP) en Estudiantes Universitarios del Sur de España: Beneficios y Temores Percibidos
Authors: López-Cepero Borrego Javier , Perea-Mediavilla María A. , Tejada Roldán Arcadio , Sarasola-Sánchez-Serrano José Luis
Published: September 2015

Introducción: Las intervenciones asistidas por animales (IAA) cuentan con amplia tradición en varios países occidentales, donde diversas revisiones y meta-análisis han demostrado sus ventajas. No obstante, poco se sabe de las expectativas que los y las hispanohablantes mantienen al respecto. El presente estudio aporta una herramienta de evaluación sobre las actitudes hacia IAA. Material y métodos: un total de 474 estudiantes universitarios con edades de X=22,7 años (dt=5,61), en su mayoría mujeres (80%), tomaron parte del estudio. El equipo de investigación desarrolló un instrumento de evaluación denominado Cuestionario sobre Actitudes hacia las Intervenciones Asistidas por Perros (CAINTAP). Resultados: el análisis factorial exploratorio retuvo 20 ítems en dos factores, etiquetados como Actitudes Positivas (N=11) y Actitudes Negativas (N=9), ambos con alphas>0,87. El alumnado refirió mantener buenas expectativas hacia las IAA, mientras que los temores con mayor presencia correspondieron a comportamientos fácilmente modificables mediante adiestramiento. Discusión: este estudio aporta datos psicométricos del primer instrumento de evaluación sobre IAA en español, herramienta de utilidad para anticipar dificultades en centros en los que se desee llevar a cabo programas de intervención con perros.
Towards An Integrated Theory Of The Cyber-Urban
Authors: Forlano Laura
Published: September 2015

Over the past decade, scholars have worked to develop a new lexicon of the cyber-urban in order to express, in a more nuanced and careful way, the hybrid nature of everyday life in cities of the 21st century. Yet, for the most part, our current verbal and visual metaphors and imagined futures along with our theoretical and analytical frames, to a large degree, continue to emphasize the separation of the physical and the digital into discrete and hierarchical layers and ‘stacks.’ Given our limited metaphors, it should come as no surprise that we are unable to traverse socio-economic barriers and build more equitable and pluralistic cities. This paper will discuss the need to move beyond hybrid language and towards a truly integrated theory of digital materiality and the cyber-urban using examples from debates about big data, Smart Cities, the ‘internet of things’ and the quantified self.
Sprzeciw sumienia w życiu Kościoła.
Authors: Derdziuk Andrzej
Published: September 2015

W niniejszym przedłożeniu wskazano na płaszczyzny sprzeciwu sumienia w Kościele, kryteria rozeznawania jego autentyczności oraz miejsce i formę jego wyrażania. Sprzeciw sumienia w Kościele polegający na profetycznej misji wzywania do nawrócenia, obok płaszczyzny indywidualnej w formie czytelnego świadectwa życia ma też swój wymiar społeczny w postaci działań na rzecz wyeliminowania niewłaściwych postaw w łonie Kościoła i na zewnątrz. W rozeznawaniu sytuacji skłaniającej chrześcijanina do okazania sprzeciwu sumienia istotne jest nastawienie na to, by słuchać bardziej Boga niż ludzi. Winno to dokonywać się klimacie wiary i miłości. Postawa sprzeciwu wymaga odwagi, ale też roztropności w dobieraniu narzędzi i form wyrażania niezgody na zło.
Wdzięczność – cnota zaniedbana. Możliwość wykorzystania teorii psychologicznych w katolickiej refleksji teologicznomoralnej nad wychowaniem do wdzięczności.
Authors: Niewiadomski Krzysztof
Published: September 2015

Artykuł prezentuje refleksje nad cnotą wdzięczności podejmowane przez aretologię moralną i psychologię pozytywną. Można mówić o zaniedbaniu tematu wdzięczności we współczesnych naukach humanistycznych i teologii, co próbuje się naprawić na gruncie psychologii. Może to stać się inspiracją także dla teologii moralnej. Teologowie moraliści, za św. Tomaszem z Akwinu, zaliczają wdzięczność do cnót pokrewnych sprawiedliwości, niewdzięczność uznają za grzech. Na polu psychologii pozytywnej podejmuje się szerokie badania wdzięczności, m.in. opisując strategie jej rozwoju, co może być wykorzystane w katolickiej koncepcji wychowania tej cnoty.
Rodzina chrześcijańska w nauczaniu papieża Franciszka
Authors: Sobczyk Adam Józef
Published: September 2015

Papież Franciszek w wielu miejscach swojego pontyfikatu wypowiada się na temat małżeństwa i rodziny. Zagadnienie to jest mu szczególnie bliskie. Celem artykułu było przeanalizowanie jego nauczania pod kątem odnalezienia w nim najistotniejszych, zdaniem papieża Franciszka, zagadnień dotyczących rodziny chrześcijańskiej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań zauważono, że Papież ujmuje małżeństwo jako autentyczne powołanie osoby ludzkiej. Zauważa, że człowiek zakłada rodzinę, która jest środowiskiem wiary, miejscem przekazywania miłości, ikoną miłości Boga do ludzi. Do cech charakterystycznych rodziny chrześcijańskiej zalicza życie modlitwą, wiarą i w radości bycia razem. Dostrzega wiele niebezpieczeństw grożących współczesnej rodzinie. Nazywa je i jako antidotum podaje skuteczne środki rozwoju życia małżeńskiego i rodzinnego. Przygotowuje również synod biskupów w 2015 roku, który zostanie poświęcony rodzinie.
Wizerunek szkoły i nauczycieli w badaniach retrospektywnych
Authors: Gorbaniuk Julia
Published: September 2015

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza jakości wizerunku szkoły i nauczycieli na podstawie skojarzeń byłych uczniów w okresie 5 lat po opuszczeniu ławek szkolnych. Badania retrospektywne przeprowadzono na grupie 127 osób, za pomocą narzędzi Testu Wolnych Skojarzeń pt. „Moja szkoła” oraz wywiadów fokusowych na temat wspomnień z lat szkolnych, w grupach 7-8 osobowych. Uzyskane wyniki badań zostały opracowane za pomocą kategoryzacji poszczególnych skojarzeń. Na podstawie wyników badań opracowano  wymiary wizerunku odnoszące się do szkoły jako instytucji. Wśród nich znalazły się następujące  kategorie: 1) wygląd i wyposażenie szkoły; 2) ocena instytucji; 3) cechy osobowe; 4) nauka i wszechstronny rozwój; 5) rozrywka/koledzy; 6) wartości życiowe; 7) wydarzenia sentymentalne. Skojarzenia związane z opisem „ulubionego nauczyciela” oraz „nauczyciela, którego nie lubiłem”  w dużej mierzy stanowią podobne kategorie do oceny, zmieniło się jednak ich nasilenie i kolejność. Jako najważniejsze wyróżniono: 1) cechy osobowości; 2) cechy zawodowe; 3) relacje z uczniami; 4) ocena sposobu nauczania; 5) ocena zachowania. Istotna zaś różnicą  w ocenie tych dwóch skrajnych typów pedagogów jest fakt, że negatywna postać nauczyciela jest ostro oceniana przez uczniów pod względem wyglądu zewnętrznego, co nie występuje w przypadku nauczyciela pozytywnie postrzeganego. Ten wymiar jest zastąpiony docenieniem lubianych nauczycieli, za ich wszechstronne zainteresowania i dążenie do samorozwoju. Dokonana analiza może stać się podstawą do świadomego i planowego kreowania wizerunku szkoły jako instytucji oraz nauczyciela jako głównej postaci, mającej wpływ na jakość wspomnień uczniów o szkole w dłuższej pespektywie życiowej.
(Dwu)podmiotowość relacji wychowania wobec codzienności edukacji dziecka
Authors: Trzos Paweł Adam
Published: September 2015

Artykuł dotyczy analizy problemów podmiotowości we wczesnej edukacji dziecka. Zagadnienia te, ujęte w perspektywie pedagogicznej, są w opracowaniu tym zogniskowane do procesu wychowania dziecka w rodzinie. Przyjęty kontekst osobowych relacji pomiędzy naturalnymi podmiotami jakim jest rodzic i jego dziecko eksponuje potrzebę interdyscyplinarnej (w tym socjologicznej, pedagogicznej, antropologicznej) refleksji nad rolą „wspólnoty” i „doświadczania siebie” w społecznej praktyce edukacji. Takimi „doświadczającymi siebie” kompetentnymi podmiotami są dziecko i jego rodzic, który często pełni rolę pierwszego nauczyciela. Dlatego mówiąc o rodzicu i pedagogicznym uzasadnieniu jego wychowawczych oddziaływań coraz częściej widzimy w nim rolę także „kompetentnego nauczyciela” dziecka, tłumacza codziennych zdarzeń, ale też i współuczestnika wzajemnych interakcji, które oba te podmioty generują i jakim sami na co dzień są poddawani. Wiedza o procesie edukacji dziecka i rozwoju jego integralnej osobowości staje się wytwarzana właśnie poprzez interpretację wzajemnych doświadczeń i podzielanie wspólnej uwagi o wzorach, potrzebach i komunikacji w na co dzień przeżywanym świecie.
Towarzyszenie wychowawcze według pedagogiki ignacjańskiej
Authors: Dybowska Ewa
Published: September 2015

Współczesna rzeczywistość wychowawcza zdaje się wymagać stale nowych form bycia rodzicem, nauczycielem, wychowawcą, pedagogiem. Szybka zmiana paradygmatów życia społecznego stawia przed wychowaniem nie lada wyzwanie. Towarzyszenie wychowawcze inspirowane pedagogiką ignacjańską może stanowić jedną z odpowiedzi na to wyzwanie. Artykuł prezentuje ideę towarzyszenia wychowawczego wypływające z pedagogiki zakorzenionej w aksjologii chrześcijańskiej, gdzie godność człowieka stanowi istotną wartość. W tym świetle istotne wydaje się być podążanie za uczniem, dostosowywanie się do jego tempa rozwoju a jednocześnie dzielenie się z nim doświadczeniem i wskazywanie tego co prawdziwe, życiodajne i twórcze. Być może trzeba na nowo wymyślić wychowawcę, nauczyciela, rodzica, który towarzysząc dziecku, młodemu człowiekowi będzie potrafił wskazać właściwe zasady i reguły życia w ponowoczesnym świecie, a przede wszystkim przekazać motywy życia i nadziei.
Rola pracownika socjalnego w procesie edukacji
Authors: Młyński Józef
Published: September 2015

Praca socjalna to nadzieja jednostki na lepsze jutro, zaś pracownik socjalny to opiekun ludzi tęskniących za lepszym i sprawiedliwszym życiem. Motto niniejszego artykułu bardzo mocno wpisuje się w dzisiejszą rzeczywistość, w której coraz więcej rodzi się trudności instytucjonalnych. Trudności te w rzeczy samej dotyczą przede wszystkim rodziny oraz procesu wychowawczego dzieci młodzieży. Dlatego też artykuł podejmuje problematykę roli pracownika socjalnego w procesie edukacji.W pierwszej części niniejszego opisu dotknięto teoretycznej analizy: edukacji, wychowania i socjalizacji. W drugiej części ukazano konieczność wsparcia procesu edukacji przez pracownika socjalnego. Ponieważ dzieci są źrenicą każdej rodziny, dlatego też wszelkie problemy poznajemy dopiero wówczas, gdy dziecko uczęszcza do szkoły.  Jest to bardzo korzystny czas, aby w sytuacji zauważenia problemów społecznych i patologicznych udzielić właściwej pomocy nie tylko dziecku, ale również rodzinie, bowiem ona staje się podmiotem trudności dziecka. Potrzeba zatem pracownika socjalnego w przestrzeni szkoły i edukacji, który obok psychologa i pedagoga, będzie wspierał rodzinę w zakresie jej naprawy.
Calculation Of Position And Velocity Of GLONASS Satellite Based On Analytical Theory Of Motion
Authors: Góral W. , Skorupa B.
Published: September 2015

The presented algorithms of computation of orbital elements and positions of GLONASS satellites are based on the asymmetric variant of the generalized problem of two fixed centers. The analytical algorithm embraces the disturbing acceleration due to the second J
2 and third J
3 coefficients, and partially fourth zonal harmonics in the expansion of the Earth’s gravitational potential. Other main disturbing accelerations – due to the Moon and the Sun attraction – are also computed analytically, where the geocentric position vector of the Moon and the Sun are obtained by evaluating known analytical expressions for their motion. The given numerical examples show that the proposed analytical method for computation of position and velocity of GLONASS satellites can be an interesting alternative for presently used numerical methods.
The Contributions To The Study Of Carbon Monoxide Pollution Due To Car Traffic In A Densely Populated Area
Authors: Sorin Borza
Published: September 2015

Air quality monitoring is the most important environmental factor to be considered because it is the fastest way that helps pollutant transport into the environment. The development of human society has led to a negative anthropogenic and technogenic impact on air quality, resulting into a significant series of adverse effects on human health, flora, fauna and ecosystems in general. In this paper it is presentd the research work performed to monitor carbon monoxide emissions from motor vehicles in traffic, in a densely populated area in Sibiu. Also, in the paper it is described, the research findings conducted in accordance with national and European legislation. In our research we used GIS software, Geomedia Professional.
Psychosocial Risks Generated By Assets Specific Design Software
Authors: Remus Furtună , Angela Domnariu , Petru Lazăr
Published: September 2015

The human activity concerning an occupation is resultant from the interaction between the psycho-biological, socio-cultural and organizational-occupational factors. Tehnological development, automation and computerization that are to be found in all the branches of activity, the level of speed in which things develop, as well as reaching their complexity, require less and less physical aptitudes and more cognitive qualifications. The person included in the work process is bound in most of the cases to come in line with the organizational-occupational situations that are specific to the demands of the job. The role of the programmer is essencial in the process of execution of ordered softwares, thus the truly brilliant ideas can only come from well-rested minds, concentrated on their tasks. The actual requirements of the jobs, besides the high number of benefits and opportunities, also create a series of psycho-social risks, which can increase the level of stress during work activity, especially for those who work under pressure.