bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular models and therapeutic perspectives in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yigit Gökhan , Wollnik Bernd
Published: December 2021

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a clinically heterogeneous cardiac disease that is mainly characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of any additional cardiac or systemic disease. HCM is genetically heterogeneous, inherited mainly in an autosomal dominant pattern, and so far pathogenic variants have been identified in more than 20 genes, mostly encoding proteins of the cardiac sarcomere. Based on its variable penetrance and expressivity, pathogenicity of newly identified variants often remains unsolved, underlining the importance of cellular and tissue-based models that help to uncover causative genetic alterations and, additionally, provide appropriate systems for the analysis of disease hallmarks as well as for the design and application of new therapeutic strategies like drug screenings and genome/base editing approaches. Here, we review the current state of cellular and tissue-engineered models and provide future perspectives for personalized therapeutic strategies of HCM.
Crystal structure of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-aminium 2-(4-acetylphenoxy)acetate, C20H22N2O4
Authors: Yi-Min Feng , Xi-Shi Tai
Published: December 2021

C20H22N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 18.1092(12) Å, b = 8.4026(6) Å, c = 11.6983(8) Å, β = 92.582(7)°, V = 1778.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0456, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1137, T = 200.00(10) K.
Prevalence and causes of unreported needle stick injuries among health care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Behzadmehr Razieh , Balouchi Abbas , Hesaraki Mehran , Alazmani Noodeh Farshid , Rafiemanesh Hosein , J. Nashwan Abdulqadir , Behmaneshpour Fateme , Rahdar Maliheh , Dastres Majid , Atharyan Shahaboddin , Jahantigh Maryam , Malekshahi Frood
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to needle needles daily. Despite individual studies, there is no statistics on the prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries (NSIs) have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and causes of unreported NSIs among HCWs.

Content

In present systematic review and meta-analysis study, three international databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) were searched from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. The random model was used to determine the prevalence of unreported needle stick among HCWs.

Summary and outlook

Forty-one studies performed on 19,635 health care workers entered the final stage. Based-on random effect model, pooled prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries was 59.9% (95% CI: 52.0, 67.7; I2=98.9%). The most common cause of unreported NSIs was: They were not worried about NSIs (n=12). The high prevalence of unreported needle sticks injuries indicates the urgency and necessity of paying attention to strategies to improve reporting among health workers.
“Yo I am Superman, You Kiddo Go Home”: ritual impoliteness in Chinese freestyle rap battles
Authors: Jia Mian , Yao Shuting
Published: December 2021

Introduced by African American communities, Chinese rap battle features an intensive ritual exchange of impoliteness, aggression, and vulgarity, but its linguistic realizations have not been systematically examined. Taking Iron Mic as a case study, this paper explores how advanced and novice rappers perform ritual impoliteness in Chinese underground rap battle competitions. Using mixed methods of discourse analysis and content analysis, we analyze the ritual impoliteness strategies in 51 rounds of Chinese freestyle rap battles. The findings show that advanced and novice rappers employed comparable instances of taboo language, threatening, and insults on their opponents’ superficial qualities and rap skills. Moreover, advanced rappers performed significantly more boasting and ritual insults on the others’ moral qualities. Their use of ritual impoliteness is warranted by hip-hop community norms of authenticity and creativity as well as Chinese social values of reciprocity, filial piety, and moral educators. This paper contributes to the research on Chinese ritual impoliteness and rap battle competitions.
Benefits of vitamin D supplementation to attenuate TBI secondary injury?
Authors: Saadatmand Kiana , Khan Saba , Hassan Quaratulain , Hautamaki Raymond , Ashouri Rani , Lua Josh , Doré Sylvain
Published: December 2021

Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve outcomes for patients suffering from a variety of illnesses such as stroke and cancer. Vitamin D deficiencies have been associated with longer hospital stays, greater severity of symptoms, and death in some complex cases. Due to vitamin D’s burgeoning role in improving patient outcomes, a new sector of research is focusing on the lesser-known implications of vitamin D on health. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects approximately 69 million people worldwide per year. Here, we summarize the current scientific understanding of vitamin D dynamics with TBI to elucidate a potential way to lessen the cascade of secondary damage after an initial insult, with the goal of improving overall patient outcomes. Because vitamin D supplementation has been correlated with better outcomes in other pathologies involving immune and inflammatory molecules, it is important to study the potential effect of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and supplementation on TBI outcomes. Research on vitamin D supplementation in TBI remains in the preliminary stages. There is still much to learn about vitamin D deficiency, dosage, variants of supplementary forms, mechanisms, and its role in TBI.
Asymmetrical Exchange Rates Effect on Indonesia's Trade Balance in Tourism
Authors: Maulana Akbar , Dawood Taufiq Carnegie , Zulham Teuku
Published: December 2021

The main objective of this research is to analyze the effect of depreciation and real exchange rate appreciation on Indonesia's tourism trade balance bilaterally against Australia, China, Japan, Malaysia, and Singapore. Such analysis on bilateral relations have never been studied for developing markets countries, namely Indonesia. This study uses a linear ARDL approach and a nonlinear ARDL approach with the dependent variable on the tourism trade balance and the real exchange rate as independent variables. Income, foreign direct investment (FDI), and natural disasters as control variables. The empirical results show that Chinese and Japanese tourists respond positively to the depreciation in the real currency rate of exchange, thereby increasing Indonesia's tourism trade balance. Nonlinear ARDL shows that the relation concerning the real rate of exchange plus the balance of trade is non-symmetrical with respect to China and Japan, while Australia, Malaysia, and Singapore are symmetrical. These results suggest that the government should formulate policies to increase tourist visits from China and Japan. Further empirical results also found a J-curve pattern in Indonesia-China and Indonesia-Japan.
The Household Food Insecurity Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Anwar Muhammad , Nasrudin Rus'an
Published: December 2021

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic creates both the demand and supply shocks problem that may affect the households’ food insecurity.  Among mechanisms, it ranges from the limited physical access to food due to social distancing to the drop in economic access to food due to (partial) lockdown. This study aims to lay out an early warning assessment of the food security situation in Indonesia amidst the Covid-19 outbreak. We use the cartogram analysis which visualize the geographical features throughout the Indonesia archipelago, both in the small and big island setting. The analysis involves the use of both the simple score and latent measurement-based scale of the Rasch model for the food insecurity based on the Susenas data from 2017-2019. The finding reveals that there existed a variation of the household proportion that suffers from severe food insecurity across the Indonesia archipelago. The more eastern the island, the worse the measure is. Papua and Maluku suffer more from such condition compared to the other big islands.  As the government has applied any containment measures, the surge in Covid-19 cases may potentially worsen both the existing households under severe food insecurity and even create new households under such conditions.
Convergence Analysis of Economic Growth in South Kalimantan Province 2011-2019
Authors: Yasari Wira
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the convergence of economic growth in South Kalimantan Province in 2011-2019 based on the level of income per capita. The population of this research is the districts in South Kalimantan Province. Subjects take in the form of levels of income per capita with secondary data sourced from BPS. The analytical tools used are economic growth, Theil index, Williamson index, and Klassen typology model. This study also analyzes the relationship between economic growth and income inequality using Pearson correlation analysis. The results of this study indicate that there is a convergence of inequality in South Kalimantan Province in 2011-2019 with an average Williamson Index value at 0.496 and Theil index at 17.928. Based on the Klassen typology classification, only Tapin District is in the category of high developed and fast growing region. The output on the Pearson analysis correlation shows that there is a non-significant positive correlation between economic growth and income inequality. Furthermore, South Kalimantan Province does not support on the Kuznets hypothesis for the period 2011-2019.
Decision Making and Patronage Behaviour in Islamic Co-operatives in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Majid M. Shabri Abd , Faisal Faisal , Fahlevi Heru , Hafasnuddin Hafasnuddin
Published: December 2021

Although the number of Islamic co-operatives' memberships only amounted to 2.51 million people (11.19%) to the total membership of co-operatives in Indonesia nationwide, but it has shown a rising trend in its membership by 76.11% over the last decade (Ministry of Co-Operatives & SMEs, 2019). These figures raise an essential research question: what drives the decision of Indonesian citizens to patronage Islamic co-operatives? Specifically, this study explores pertinent determinants of decision-making made by the members to select Islamic co-operatives in Aceh, Indonesia. A number of 280 members and non-members of Islamic co-operatives were selected as the sample of the study using a purposive sampling technique. Based on the logistic multiple regression technique, the study recorded that the members' decision-making in selecting Islamic co-operatives was mainly determined by their shari'ah compliance and characteristics' uniqueness. Meanwhile, physical facilities and services quality provided by the Islamic co-operatives have insignificant effects on the people's decision-making to become the memberships of Islamic co-operatives. This empirical evidence suggested that to attract more memberships, the Islamic co-operatives should improve their shari'ah compliance and characteristics' uniqueness.
The Effect of Financial Ratio to Financial Distress Mediated by Profitability Ratio in PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero)
Authors: Handayani Sri , Perwitasari Erni Pratiwi , Hermawan M Arif
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyse the effect of ratios of liquidity, solvency and activity on financial distress through ROE, ROA and ROI of PT Angkasa Pura II (Persero) as mediating variable. The decrease in the number of aircraft passengers due to restrictions on human movement due to Covid-19 pandemic affects airport revenues as indicated by deteriorating financial ratios and is thought to lead to financial distress. This study tries to detect the symptoms of financial distress in the state-owned enterprise engaged in airport services by looking at the direct and indirect effects of its financial ratios’ performance. By using secondary data from financial statements, this study tried to build a structural equation model to know the direct and indirect effect. The results of hypothesis testing indicated that the ratio of liquidity, solvency and activity had negative effects on the company’s ROE, ROA and ROI during the period 2001-2020, but only the activity ratio that had a significant effect. Meanwhile, the three ratios of liquidity, solvency and activity had direct negative but not significant on financial distress. Next, ROE, ROA, and ROI had a direct positive but not significant effect on the company’s financial distress during that period. The study concludes that there was no relationship between the three ratios to financial distress mediated by ROE, ROA and ROI of the company.
Recent studies of atomic‐resolution structures of tau protein and structure‐based inhibitors
Authors: Zhu Lili , Qian Zhenyu
Published: December 2021

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most popular tauopathies. Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques are widely recognized as the pathological hallmarks of AD, which are mainly composed of tau and β‐amyloid (Aβ) respectively. Recent failures of drugs targeting Aβ have led scientists to scrutinize the crucial impact of tau in neurodegenerative diseases. Mutated or abnormal phosphorylated tau protein loses affinity with microtubules and assembles into pathological accumulations. The aggregation process closely correlates to two amyloidogenic core of PHF6 (306VQIVYK311) and PHF6* (275VQIINK280) fragments. Moreover, tau accumulations display diverse morphological characteristics in different diseases, which increases the difficulty of providing a unifying neuropathological criterion for early diagnosis.

Results

This review mainly summarizes atomic‐resolution structures of tau protein in the monomeric, oligomeric and fibrillar states, as well as the promising inhibitors designed to prevent tau aggregation or disaggregate tau accumulations, recently revealed by experimental and computational studies. We also systematically sort tau functions, their relationship with tau structures and the potential pathological processes of tau protein.

Conclusion

The current progress on tau structures at atomic level of detail expands our understanding of tau aggregation and related pathology. We discuss the difficulties in determining the source of neurotoxicity and screening effective inhibitors. We hope this review will inspire new clues for designing medicines against tau aggregation and shed light on AD diagnosis and therapies.
The long term effects of outdoor air pollution in urban environments on cardiovascular health: a global review
Authors: Kraus Lindsay , Murphy Heather
Published: December 2021

The effect of air pollution on health is listed as a significant cause of death worldwide. Slightly over 3 million deaths per year are due to outdoor air pollution. Studies have shown that short term increases in exposure to particulate matter have increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. However, less is known about the longer term effects of air pollution on various cardiovascular diseases. The American Heart Association formally recognized PM2.5 as a significant cardiovascular risk factor in 2010. Since then, more prolonged term exposure to air pollution has been suggested to cause chronic cardiometabolic and cardiovascular problems. The effects of long term (>3 years) air pollution are significant, but not as much is known about how location affects this exposure. Associations with cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors are often increased in urban settings, which is attributed to a higher concentrations of outdoor air pollution, independent of ethnic groups and seasonal changes. Potential causes of long term air pollution concentrations in cities or metropolitan areas come from traffic exposure and traffic intensity. The Environmental Protection Agency and United Nations have suggested changes in air quality standards, implementation plans, and ways to reduce vehicle emissions specifically to improve human health and reduce the adverse effects of air pollution; however, more work still needs to be done. This review assesses the impact of the global long term (>3 years) air pollution exposure, specifically in urban environments on cardiovascular health and disease.
The Effects of a Single Bout of Soccer Heading of Single and Dual-Task Tandem Gait in Collegiate Recreationally Active Individuals
Authors: Burns Karlee , Lohr Madison , McDevitt Jane
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The understanding of subconcussive impacts is limited with few assessments to determine effects in a recreationally active population due to existing tests being static and unidimensional. Methods: This study investigated the effects of 10 soccer headers on pre and post-test measurements of patient reported outcome measures and single and dual-task tandem gait of 12 recreationally active college-aged participants. Results: No changes due to the heading session were observed; however, there was a detectable learning effect with participants walking faster and committing more gait errors but less cognitive errors. Conclusion: A bout of soccer heading may not pose an immediate risk to dynamic postural control and cognitive function.
Zakażenia dróg oddechowych w mukowiscydozie
Authors: Sands Dorota , Milczewska Justyna , Walicka-Serzysko Katarzyna , Pogorzelski Andrzej , Cofta Szczepan , Skorupa Wojciech
Published: December 2021

Przewlekła choroba oskrzelowo-płucna, której postęp spowodowany jest przewlekłymi zakażeniami, stanowi główną przyczynę hospitalizacji i śmierci osób chorych na mukowiscydozę. Wśród bakterii najczęściej powodujących przewlekłe zakażenia wyróżnia się Staphylococcus aureus oraz Pseudomonas aeruginosa. W celu ustalenia statusu mikrobiologicznego konieczne jest systematyczne wykonywanie badań mikrobiologicznych u każdego pacjenta. Umożliwia to wczesne wykrycie zakażenia patogenami wymagającymi eradykacji (np. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus oporny na metycylinę) i natychmiastowe jej wdrożenie. W przypadku zaostrzenia choroby oskrzelowo-płucnej zawsze konieczne jest rozpoczęcie antybiotykoterapii zgodnie z dostępnym antybiogramem. Ewentualna modyfikacja leczenia może nastąpić po uzyskaniu aktualnego wyniku posiewu i ocenie stanu pacjenta. Zazwyczaj dawki antybiotyków są wyższe niż w populacji ogólnej, a czas leczenia ulega wydłużeniu. Zakażenie prątkami niegruźliczymi jest rzadkim, mogącym doprowadzić do poważnych następstw powikłaniem. Alergiczna aspergiloza oskrzelowo-płucna i inwazyjna aspergiloza płucna stanowią coraz częstszy problem u pacjentów z mukowiscydozą i wymagają specjalistycznego, monitorowanego leczenia. Postępowanie w zakażeniach bakteryjnych i grzybiczych u osób chorych na mukowiscydozę różni się znacząco od postępowania wdrażanego w populacji ogólnej. Lekarz sprawujący opiekę nad pacjentem z mukowiscydozą musi znać podstawowe zasady terapii zakażeń dróg oddechowych, ponieważ ich właściwe zastosowanie w codziennej praktyce wpływa znacząco na długość i jakość życia pacjentów.
CAT Bonds als Anlageinstrument für OGAW-Fonds
Authors: Veil Rüdiger , Wiesner Marc
Published: December 2021

CAT Bonds (Katastrophenanleihen) verbriefen das Risiko einer (Natur-)Katastrophe in Form eine Anleihe. Dies ermöglicht es insbesondere Versicherungsunternehmen, Risiken über den Kapitalmarkt zu streuen, wodurch zusätzliche, volkswirtschaftlich benötigte Versicherungskapazitäten aufgebaut werden können. Investoren profitieren von Diversifikationsvorteilen und einer vergleichsweise hohen Rendite. Obwohl der Markt für CAT Bonds stetig wächst, spielen CAT Bonds als Vermögensanlage im Asset Management bisher nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Dies hat im Fall von offenen Investmentfonds in Form von Organismen für gemeinsame Anlagen in Wertpapiere (OGAW) regulatorische Gründe. Nach Ansicht der BaFin sollen CAT Bonds keine erwerbbaren Anlageinstrumente für einen OGAW darstellen. Der Beitrag nimmt dies zum Anlass, der Frage nachzugehen, in welche Kategorie von Finanzinstrumenten CAT Bonds im KAGB normativ einzuordnen sind, womit zugleich grundlegende konzeptionelle Fragen der OGAW-Regulierung aufgeworfen werden.
Datenschutzrechtliche Probleme beim Einsatz der Blockchain
Authors: Steinrötter Björn
Published: December 2021

Auch und gerade in der Finanzwirtschaft gelten Blockchain-Anwendungen als taugliches Instrument zur Transaktionsabsicherung sowie Effizienzsteigerung. Wegen ihrer technischen Ausgestaltung, die – zumindest im Ausgangspunkt – eine dezentrale Struktur aufweist und rückwirkende Änderungen sowie v. a. Löschungen grundsätzlich nicht zulässt, was jeweils vertrauensschaffende Wirkungen zeitigen kann, ergeben sich jedoch kaum lösbare Friktionen mit datenschutzrechtlichen Vorgaben. Dies gilt zumindest dann, wenn man die Vorzüge der Blockchain nicht aufgeben bzw. ihr technisches Design nicht stark aufweichen möchte. Die Problematik gipfelt letztendlich in der grundlegenden Frage, ob Recht vor bestimmten Technologien, welche die normativen Vorgaben qua Design nicht umsetzen können, kapitulieren sollte. Damit im engen Zusammenhang steht der noch zu selten diskutierte Aspekt, dass es den bisher erwogenen Anwendungsfällen der Blockchain (v. a. außerhalb von FinTech-Szenarien) womöglich an substantiellem Mehrwert mangelt, der es rechtfertigen würde, etwa bei datenschutzrechtlichen Vorgaben de lege lata und de lege ferenda Milde walten zu lassen.
SPAC-Prospekte in Deutschland und den Niederlanden und das Public Statement der ESMA
Authors: Fuhrmann Ben W.
Published: December 2021

Seit Anfang des Jahres 2021 gewinnt der beispiellose SPAC-Boom aus den USA nun langsam auch in Europa an Boden. Nach langer Zurückhaltung hat sich die ESMA Anfang Juli erstmals mit einem Public Statement zu SPACs geäußert. Darin erklärt sie ihre Erwartungen an SPAC-IPO-Prospekte. Der Wertpapierprospekt ist das zentrale Dokument eines jeden SPAC-Börsengangs. Der Beitrag analysiert, wo die Marktpraxis an den zwei wichtigsten europäischen Finanzmarktplätzen in Bezug auf die neuen Anforderungen der ESMA steht und welche Umsetzung sich für die einzelnen Angaben empfiehlt. Dabei wird auch gezeigt, dass manche Vorstellungen der ESMA in Bezug auf die Vorgaben der ProspektVO deutlich zu weit gehen. Ferner wird die bisher kaum diskutierte Rechtsnatur eines Public Statements erschlossen und der Ansatz der ESMA in das Vorgehen anderer Aufsichtsbehörden eingeordnet.
Erklärung von Aktienrenditen am deutschen Aktienmarkt in Jahren der Krise – Validierung des Dreifaktorenmodells von Fama und French
Authors: Paech Patrick , Portisch Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

In Krisenzeiten steigt die Volatilität an den Aktienmärkten. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob Kapitalmarktmodelle in diesen Perioden verlässliche Ergebnisse erbringen können. In Konkurrenz stehen das Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) sowie Mehrfaktorenmodelle wie das von Fama und French entwickelte Dreifaktorenmodell. Anhand des Deutschen Aktienindex (DAX) wird untersucht, welches Konzept eine bessere Erklärungskraft für Renditen bietet. Es wird geprüft, ob im vorliegenden Untersuchungszeitraum von 2005 bis 2020 ein Size- und ein Value-Effekt vorliegen und welche Erklärungsansätze für diese Anomalien bestehen. Bei Anwendung des Dreifaktorenmodells lag das korrigierte Bestimmtheitsmaß R
2 für die gebildeten Portfolios deutlich höher als beim CAPM. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse der T-Tests, die Signifikanzniveaus und der F-Tests, dass das Dreifaktorenmodell dem CAPM für die Erklärung der Portfoliorenditen überlegen ist. Der Analysezeitraum umfasst zwei große Wirtschaftskrisen. Zum einen die Finanzmarktkrise mit Ausstrahlungseffekten auf die Weltbörsen und zum anderem eine weltweite Pandemie mit ebenfalls starken Verwerfungen an den Finanzmärkten. Auch in den Krisenjahren konnte das Dreifaktorenmodells im Vergleich zum CAPM brillieren.
Bathymetric components towards ensuring navigable channel along a section of lower river Niger, lokoja, kogi state, Nigeria
Authors: M Oye Olanrewaju , Hart Lawrence , Orupabo Sika
Published: December 2021

Navigation in Lower River Niger is seasonal because of insufficient water depth during the dry season. This is a limitation to economic benefits derivable compared to when the river is navigable throughout the year. Government and stakeholders alike have exerted efforts in the past years to create an unimpeded navigable channel without much success. The need to ensure all-year-round navigation in the Lower River Niger for industrial and commercial purposes necessitated this research work. The main thrust of this work is to determine bathymetric components parameters of the river necessary for the design of an appropriate river training structure to divert river flow from the secondary channel to the main channel. The specific objective hereto is to assess the extent and geometry of the river banks, the configuration of the river bed, the river flow velocity and discharge. The approach deployed in this work is the classical method of acoustic principle premised on Remote Sensing techniques. The shape of the river was obtained through waypoint survey using Garmin eTrex 10 handheld GPS, while the riverbed configuration was determined through bathymetric survey using Odom Echotrack MK III single beam Echo Sounder and the flow velocity data was acquired using Valeport 106 Current Meter. Data processing and analysis were achieved using Garmin Basecamp 4.7.3, Wintopo V7.03, Valeport Datalog X2 and Surfer 13 software. The length of the study area measured along the main channel was obtained as 5.94km while that of secondary channel gave 4.30km. Area occupied by the main channel was found to be 2,636,331.3m2 and 1,759,045.4m2 for the secondary channel. Average depth on the main channel was 0.21m while on the secondary channel was -0.89m, depth figures referred to Lokoja local datum. The average flow velocity was obtained to be 0.449m/s and the cross-sectional area of the river as 1568.75m2, which gave a value of 704.2m3/s for the river discharge. The research produced the digital terrain model (DTM) and bathymetric charts of the study area. The parameters obtained in this study is a useful tool in defining an appropriate embankment dam suitable to divert the flow from the secondary channel to the main channel to enhance depth towards all-season navigation in Lower River Niger.
Evaluation and space representation of the maximum surface runoff in watersheds
Authors: Martínez Alain Paneque , Rodríguez Liber Galbán , Ramírez González Rosana Caridad
Published: December 2021

In Cuba, regardless of the advances made in hydrological and hydraulic investigations related to floods, there are limitations with the detailed knowledge of the true maximum surface runoff or maximum flow that characterizes these phenomena in the season of intense rains, for which it is necessary to carry out complex hydrological study that, with the help of professional software and statistical techniques, help to determine and model spatially with certain reliability, the maximum water surface drained in watersheds. The general objective was pursued: To determine and represent spatially with the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydrological methods, the runoff or maximum flow produced by the intense rains in a watershed, selecting to exemplify the watershed from the Magdalena River to the south east of the Santiago de Cuba municipality. As a result was obtained in the first instance, that it is feasible to apply this procedure to know in a preliminary way what maximum flow is available at any point of a main river or tributary. This approximation constitutes a significant advance for subsequent work in other watersheds of Cuba or internationally.
Seasonal analysis on land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) variations in the Iguatu semi-arid hinterland, ceará
Authors: Gomes Yara Batista , Caracristi Isorlanda
Published: December 2021

The following paper analyzes the seasonal behavior of surface temperature and vegetation conditions from Landsat 8 satellite images in Iguatu, located in South-central Ceará, Brazil. The guiding method was the Urban Climate System (UCS) along with works with specific literature. Concerning the LSTs during the wet season, the urban area recorded 30.8°C, whereas the countryside verified milder thermal conditions than in downtown, especially in the southwestern region (19.2°C to 23.1°C). The NDVI values in April (wet season) for the urban area and part of the suburbs showed (0.00) because of civil constructions and little vegetation present in the area, except for the surroundings of the Bastiana and Cocobó lagoons – ranging between (0.59 and 0.79), which represents a green area. In August (dry season), there was an expressive spatial distribution of surface temperature around 32 °C. The NDVI was (-0.01) in the densely occupied area and (0.67) in the urban lagoons during the same period. The land use and its plant cover reflect significantly in the distribution and intensity of surface temperatures, as verified in the research.
ВПЛИВ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ВАНТАЖНИХ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИХ ТАРИФІВ НА НАЦІОНАЛЬНУ ЕКОНОМІКУ
Authors: СТАСЮК Ольга , ЧМИРЬОВА Лариса , ФЕДЯЙ Наталія
Published: December 2021

На основі світового досвіду обґрунтовано необхідність удосконалення аналізу регуляторного впливу нормативно-правових актів, який є основним інструментом забезпечення якості державного регулювання. Протягом останніх років спостерігається тенденція до періодичного підвищення тарифів на вантажні залізничні перевезення у внутрішньому сполученні. Останнє підвищення затверджено відповідним Наказом Міністерства інфраструктури України від 11 серпня 2021 р., який відноситься до регуляторних актів, щодо яких обов'язковим є проведення аналізу регуляторного впливу відповідно до прийнятої на державному рівні Методики.Вітчизняна методика не передбачає оцінки впливу на національну економіку. Саме тому здійснено оцінку можливого впливу дії регуляторного акта на національну економіку відповідно до розробленого в ДУ «Інститут економіки та прогнозування НАН України» методичного підходу, сутність якого полягає в більш детальній та комплексній кількісній оцінці прямого впливу регулювання на сфери економічних інтересів як громадян, суб’єктів господарювання, держави, так і суспільства в цілому (національної економіки). Оцінку впливу підвищення тарифів вантажних залізничних перевезень на національну економіку було здійснено з двох позицій: можливого впливу на ВВП і на конкуренцію в межах транспортної системи України.Розраховано внесок АТ «Укрзалізниця» у ВВП України від підвищення вантажних залізничних тарифів. Доведено, що дія Наказу Міністерства інфраструктури України матиме вплив на внутрімодальну конкуренцію в межах транспортної системи України через перерозподіл вантажних перевезень, з одного боку, для деяких позакласних вантажів на користь автомобільного та річкового транспорту, а з іншого – для окремих вантажів 3-го тарифного класу на користь залізничного. Такий перерозподіл позитивно вплине на конкурентні позиції залізничного транспорту на внутрішньому ринку вантажних перевезень, оскільки втрата деяких позакласних вантажів, перевезення яких є нерентабельними, не матиме негативного впливу на залізницю.
Activated aluminum for hydrogen generation from water
Authors:   Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Manilevich F. , Pirskyy Yu. ,   Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kutsyi A. ,   Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Berezovets V. ,   Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, Yartys V. ,   Institute for Energy Technology
Published: December 2021

Al-based alloys and mechanochemically activated aluminum powders were prepared in this study, and the regularities of their hydrolysis reaction with water were studied. Aluminum alloys were prepared by melting aluminum with additions of Ga–In–Sn eutectic (5 wt.%), bismuth (3 wt.%), antimony (3 wt.%), or zinc (3 wt.%). The temperature-dependent kinetics of their hydrolysis in a temperature range 25–70 °C was studied by using a volumetric technique. The most efficient activation of the hydrolysis process was achieved for the Al–Ga– In–Sn-Zn alloy, particularly at low temperatures (5 and 25° C). The addition of bismuth to the Al–Ga–In–Sn alloy significantly decreases the hydrolysis rate, whereas the addition of antimony has only a weak effect on the process, despite the fact that the standard electrode potentials of bismuth and antimony have rather close values. Commercially available aluminum PA-4 and ASD-1 powders were mechanochemically activated by Ga–In–Sn or Ga–In–Sn–Zn eutectic alloys (5 wt.%) and graphite (1–3 wt.%) in a mixer type ball mill. Subsequently, they were pressed (P = 4 MPa) into the pellets, which were used to generate hydrogen from water via the hydrolysis process. X-ray diffraction study of the milled PA-4 powder revealed the presence of four phases, including aluminum, graphite, and two In–Sn intermetallic compounds (In3Sn and In1–xSnx, were x ≈ 0.04). The quantitative analysis by EDX showed a uniform distribution of the activating additives over the pellet surface, while the graphite was partly aggregated. Studies on the hydrolysis kinetics when utilizing Al-based pellets demonstrated that the process readily proceeds at temperatures ≥ 5° C. At the same time, the efficiency of hydrogen generation depends on the amount of the added graphite, particle size of aluminum powders, duration and medium of their mechanochemical treatment, and the hydrolysis temperature.
«И доконцавъ с нимъ миръ до своего живота»: on the Question of the Context of the Opava Meeting in 1289, its Participants and the “Eternal” Czech-Galician Union
Authors:   Ivan Krypyakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kozak Solomiya
Published: December 2021

The article covers the circumstances of the meeting that took place in Opava in 1289 with the participation of the Czech king Wenceslaus II Přemyslid, Galician-Volynian suzerain Lev Danylovych and some Polish princes. As the Polish participants in the meeting are not named in the sources, there are still doubts in historiography as to who they were. An attempt was made to substantiate the version that one of the unnamed Polish participants in the meeting was Prince Władysław I Łokietek of Piast dynasty. This assumption is based on an analysis of the eventful context of the Opava meeting, which was part of the struggle for the Cracow heritage, as well as the matrimonial and dynastic ties that played a very important role in medieval international communication. It is noted that the union of Wenceslaus II, Lev Danylovych and Władysław I Łokietek repeatedly manifested itself shortly after the meeting in Opava and was based on existing dynastic ties and the conclusion of new marriage agreements. At the same time, the assumption that Prince Henryk IV Probus of Silesia may also have been present at the talks cannot be completely ruled out, although this hypothesis is currently less plausible. Lack of sources does not allow to definitively refute any of the versions. It is concluded that the Opava meeting was one of the key episodes of the Galician-Czech political union of the late XIIIth century and clearly demonstrated how relevant international communication was in the struggle for the Kraków throne. Lev Danilovych’s participation in the vicissitudes of the struggle for the Kraków throne is considered to be inextricably linked with the orientation towards an alliance with the Czech king and is connected with the importance of an ally of the Galician-Volynian ruler ruling in Kraków
Leon Wasilewski at the Treaty of Riga Negotiations: to the Centenary of the Peace of Riga (1921)
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vialova Iuliia
Published: December 2021

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Riga (1921), discussions about the significance of which do not stop today. What significance did this treaty have for the history of Europe, and especially for its political architecture of the interwar period? What were the consequences of this agreement for Poles, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians? Estimated of the agreement signed a hundred years ago still differ – some believe that the document then established the borders of Poland almost within the Second Partition of Poland (1793) was the defeat of the then Polish elite, others – that it was an expression of the real state of affairs. This article focuses on the course of Polish-Soviet negotiations during the signing of the treaty, the struggle within the Polish delegation between supports of two state geopolitical concepts (National Democracy “incorporative” and “federal” J. Pilsudski) and establishment of the Eastern border of the Polish state. The well-known Polish diplomat and politician Leon Wasilewski played one of the key roles during these negotiations, and the study of his activities will help to clarify several controversial points during the negotiations. The Treaty of Riga (1921) put an end to the Polish-Bolshevik war, defined the Polish border in the East and the same time cancelled the Petliura-Pilsudski Agreement, which testified to the defeat of the federalist program of J. Pilsudski. Further, the Polish government’s policy towards national minorities later proved to be almost discriminatory, weakening the Polish state from within. For Ukraine and Belarus, this agreement proved to be a national catastrophe, depriving them of the prospects of statehood. This peace can be called a “situational compromise”, which in the short term solved the problem of ending the war, but did not solve any of the geopolitical problems of Poland: neither guaranteed security nor guaranteed the stability of Poland’s Eastern border. The violation of this peace by Soviet Russia was a matter of time, as it happened in 1939
Cooperation of the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Belarusian SSR in the UN during the Perestroika Period
Authors:   the Belarusian State University, Snapkouski Uladzimir
Published: December 2021

The article examines the main directions of activity and forms of interaction between the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Belarusian SSR in the UN and its specialized institutions during the years of perestroika (1985 - 1991). To disclose the topic, materials from the journal “International Affair” were used (reviews of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the foreign policy of the USSR, articles by the foreign ministers of the Union republics, primarily Ukraine and Belarus), book and journal publications of Union / Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian scientists, documents of the United Nations and foreign policy of the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Belarusian SSR. The author’s conscious emphasis on the union level reflects the real situation in relations between the Union Center and the republics in the Soviet federation during the perestroika period, when these relations rapidly evolved from the foreign policy dictate of the Center to greater autonomy of the republics in the international arena, which ultimately has led to the collapse of the USSR and the proclamation of independence all union republics. The article analyzes such issues as the new approach of the Soviet Union to the UN in the years of perestroika, the formation of new relations between the Union republics and the Center, diplomatic cooperation of Soviet delegations and representatives of socialist countries in the UN, Belarusian initiatives at the 45th session of the UN General Assembly (1990). During the years of perestroika, the Soviet leadership and the union Foreign Ministry did a tremendous job of clearing the rubble of the Cold War, developing broad international cooperation and integration the USSR into the world economy. The Belarusian and Ukrainian diplomatic services have made a significant contribution to this activity within the framework of the UN and its specialized agencies and have received much broader opportunities for realizing the national interests and needs of their peoples within the framework of radically renewed relations between the Union Center and the republics. The article is one of the first attempts in post-Soviet historiography to investigate the activities of the USSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the BSSR in the UN and its specialized institutions during the period of perestroika
Theoretical Foundations and Methodological Problems of the Semiotics of History
Authors:   the Institute of History of Ukraine, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Martynov Andriy
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the theoretical and methodological problems of the semiotics of history. Semiotics is the science that studies the sign system. This system is used by people to transfer knowledge and information. Modern governance is semiotic. A separate fact can turn into a sign-symbol. The sign lives its own life in the virtual space, leaving the information space. The modern world is governed by language. The revolution starts with the language. Semiotics changes the epistemological regime. The code provides a communication system. Any code requires decoding. Cultural space codes are ambiguous. The semiotics of history actively interacts with the history of ideologies. The question of the truth of the nationalism doctrine cannot be solved by science, because it belongs to ideology. The name is the essence. In psychiatry, there is the concept of semiotic dementia, when the patient does not understand the meaning of words. Information is distributed among people, therefore it acquires its social significance when it is perceived by people, only under this condition it becomes knowledge. Knowledge helps to act. A prerequisite for this is correct information. Concepts of the information society can be distinguished in the format of semiotics of history. Images have a stronger effect on people than texts. Negative information spreads faster than texts. Virtuality creates the image of the desired world. The images of the future are not neutral. A certain image of the future is set by the present. No one can escape the human prejudice. The semantics of history develops in the general line of the linguistic turn in historical science. In this sense, the methodological and theoretical problems of the semiotics of history are associated with the linguistic problems of consciousness, caused by the imperfection of any language and the ways of its public use
“The Sacrificed Army” – the Hungarian 2nd Army Between Memory and History
Authors:   Eötvös Loránd University, Fóris Ákos
Published: December 2021

The fate of the Hungarian 2nd Army has a significant role in the Hungarian memory. The army was sent to the Eastern Front in 1942 suffered one of the great defeats of the Hungarian military history during the Soviet counter-offensive in January 1943. During the past almost 80 years, different narratives have emerged about it were evolved in the Hungarian public. In the paper the author shall analyse the most significant elements of these narratives. Firstly, there will be examined the genesis and underlying causes of the decision to send the 2nd Army to the Eastern front. The author counter a popular post-war myth that the Hungarian leadership sent out the Hungarian soldiers and labour servicemen with the intention of sacrifice that it could limit Hungary's involvement in the German war effort. Although the Hungarian military leadership discriminated against various social groups (primarily of individuals of Jewish descent, non-Hungarian nationalities) in military service, they did not aim to destroy them. Similarly, the higher proportion of reserve officers and lower social classes (peasantry, workpeople) in the army was misinterpreted. In the second part of the paper the author will examine the interpretations of the defeat in January 1943. As a part of this topic there will be shown how the public opinion and survivors overstated the loss data and the temperature conditions of “the Russian winter.” In addition, the author scrutinize the fighting and withdrawal in January 1943 from the viewpoint of the military discipline. Finally, he analyse the interpretations of two orders. The army commander, Colonel General Jány wrote in his order on 24 January that “the 2nd Army has lost its honour.” Although later he withdrew this order, it became the symbol of the barbarity and betrayal of the Hungarian military elite against the Hungarian soldiers. It received a different opinion on the order of the commander of the III Corps of 1 February 1943, in which Major General Stomm disbanded his formation - which was unprecedented in Hungarian history
Hemicorporectomía y equipamiento protésico. Reporte de un caso a los 15 años de seguimiento
Authors: Cerrutti Walter , Gallucci Gerardo Luis , Freire† José David
Published: December 2021

La hemicorporectomía o amputación translumbar es una cirugía radical indicada en casos de tumores, osteomielitis crónicas y traumas graves de la pelvis, y también, en pacientes parapléjicos con úlceras por decúbito intratables. La tasa de mortalidad por este procedimiento es del 50% y la gran mayoría de los pacientes que sobreviven quedan confinados a una silla de ruedas. El equipamiento de todo el hemicuerpo inferior es sumamente complejo. Comunicamos el caso de un paciente con una hemicorporectomía, secuela de una osteomielitis pélvica, su equipamiento completo posterior y su evolución a los 15 años de seguimiento.
Datos epidemiológicos de lesiones en accidentes de tránsito. Encuesta del período enero 2017-julio 2020
Authors: Gamarra Débora , Sierto Mónica N. , Garabano Germán , Cubecino Adriana , Robador Nicolás , Simesen de Bielke Harold , Olivetto Javier Martín
Published: December 2021

El aumento progresivo y constante de las muertes y la discapacidad por accidentes de tránsito es, en la actualidad, reconocida como un problema epidémico de salud pública nacional y global. La Organización Mundial de la Salud y múltiples organismos trabajan mancomunadamente para consolidar un registro sistemático de los siniestros viales y sus consecuencias en términos de morbimortalidad. Se busca generar información que contribuya a la toma de decisiones en la gestión y la coordinación de estrategias para el abordaje de esta problemática. La Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología, a través de la creación del Comité de Morbimortalidad hace ya una década, ha impulsado la generación de un registro nacional de lesiones traumatológicas. Este segundo informe sobre las encuestas acumuladas desde 2017 hasta julio de 2020 tiene como objetivo general presentar los datos recopilados sobre las lesiones traumatológicas provocadas por accidentes de tránsito. El objetivo específico es promover la incorporación de estas encuestas en nuestros Servicios como un instrumento de registro. Convocamos a renovar el compromiso de todas las instituciones del país, nucleadas en esta Asociación, en la tarea de recopilar datos epidemiológicos que finalmente nos permitan mejorar la validez científica de nuestra práctica y, por ende, de las publicaciones de nuestra especialidad.