bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frontoparietal network dynamics impairments in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy revealed by MEG energy landscape
Authors: Krzemiński Dominik , Masuda Naoki , Hamandi Khalid , Singh Krish D , Routley Bethany , Zhang Jiaxiang
Published: July 2019

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy affecting brain activity. It is unclear to what extent JME leads to abnormal network dynamics across functional networks. Here, we proposed a method to characterise network dynamics in MEG resting-state data, combining a pairwise maximum entropy model (pMEM) and the associated energy landscape analysis. Fifty-two JME patients and healthy controls underwent a resting-state MEG recording session. We fitted the pMEM to the oscillatory power envelopes in theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (15-25 Hz) and gamma (30-60 Hz) bands in three source-localised resting-state networks: the frontoparietal network (FPN), the default mode network (DMN), and the sensorimotor network (SMN). The pMEM provided an accurate fit to the MEG oscillatory activity in both patient and control groups, and allowed estimation of the occurrence probability of each network state, with its regional activity and pairwise regional co-activation constrained by empirical data. We used energy values derived from the pMEM to depict an energy landscape of each network, with a higher energy state corresponding to a lower occurrence probability. When comparing the energy landscapes between groups, JME patients showed fewer local energy minima than controls and had elevated energy values for the FPN within the theta, beta and gamma-bands. Furthermore, numerical simulation of the fitted pMEM showed that the proportion of time the FPN was occupied within the basins of characteristic energy minima was shortened in JME patients. These network alterations were confirmed by a significant leave-one-out classification of individual participants based on a support vector machine employing the energy values of pMEM as features. Our findings suggested that JME patients had altered multi-stability in selective functional networks and frequency bands in the frontoparietal cortices.

Highlights

An energy landscape analysis characterises the dynamics of MEG oscillatory activity

Patients with JME exhibit fewer local minima of the energy in their energy landscapes

JME affects the network dynamics in the frontoparietal network.

Energy landscape measures allow good single-patient classification.
Depressive disorder and its associated factors among prisoners in Debre Berhan Town, North Showa, Ethiopia
Authors: Reta Yared , Getachew Ruth , Bahiru Melese , Kale Bethelhem , Workie Keralem , G/Egziabher Yohannes
Published: July 2019

Background

Depression is a commonest mental disorder among prisoners characterized by an intense mood involving a feeling of sadness, lack of interest or hopelessness that lasts for weeks, months, or even longer. In addition to imprisonment, depression is the primary factor leading to suicidal attempt. Therefore, this study revealed the magnitude of depressive disorder and its associated factors among prisoners of Debre Berhan Town.

Methods

We conducted an institution based cross-sectional quantitative study. We collected the data from 336 randomly selected prisoners by using interviewer-administered Patient Health Questioner-9 (PHQ-9). Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors.

Result

Out of the total of 336 prisoners 330 (98%) were males. Using PHQ-9 at the cut of point >5 for caseness, the prevalence of depression found to be 44% (n=148). Widowed (AOR=6.30 CI: 1.09-36.67), those who are educated at college or university level (AOR=5.34 CI:1.59-17.94), a history of suicidal attempt (AOR=2.76 CI: 1.04-7.31), Previously facing severe stressful life event (AOR=2.57 CI: 1.41-4.67), 5-10 years of sentence (AOR=2.51 CI:1.32-4.79) and having chronic medical illness (AOR= 3.32 CI: 1.26-8.75) are found to be independently associated with depression.

Conclusion

In general, there is a high prevalence of depression among prisoners in of Debre Berhan town. Therefore, designing strategies for early screening and treatment of depression at prisons is very crucial.
Geographical origin determines responses to salinity of Mediterranean caddisflies
Authors: Carter Mauricio J. , Flores Matías , Ramos-Jiliberto Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

Many freshwater ecosystems worldwide, and particularly Mediterranean ones, show increasing levels of salinity. This changes in water conditions could affect abundance and distribution of inhabiting species as well as the provision of ecosystem services. In this study we conduct laboratory experiments using the macroinvertebrate Smicridea annulicornis as a model organism. Our factorial experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of geographical origin on organisms and salinity levels on survival and behavioral responses of caddisflies. The experimental organisms were captured from rivers belonging to three hydrological basins along a 450 Km latitudinal gradient in the Mediterranean region of Chile. Animals were exposed to three conductivity levels, from 180 to 1400 μS/cm, close to the historical averages of the source rivers. We measured the behavioral responses to experimental stimulii and the survival time. Our results showed that geography origin shaped the behavioral and survival responses to salinity. In particular, survival and activity decreased more strongly with increasing salinity in organisms coming from more dilute waters. This suggests local adaptation to be determinant for salinity responses in this species of benthic invertebrate. In the current scenario of fast temporal and spatial changes in water levels and salt concentration, the conservation of geographic intra-specific variation of aquatic species is crucial for lowering the risk of salinity-driven biodiversity loss.
The TIR-domain containing effectors BtpA and BtpB fromBrucella abortusblock energy metabolism
Authors: Coronas-Serna Julia María , Louche Arthur , Rodríguez-Escudero María , Roussin Morgane , Imbert Paul R.C. , Rodríguez-Escudero Isabel , Molina María , Gorvel Jean-Pierre , Cid Víctor J. , Salcedo Suzana P.
Published: July 2019

Brucellaspecies are facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacteria relevant to animal and human health. Their ability to establish an intracellular niche and subvert host cell pathways to their advantage depends on the delivery of bacterial effector proteins through a type IV secretion system.BrucellaToll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR)-domain-containing proteins BtpA (also known as TcpB) and BtpB are among such effectors. Although divergent in primary sequence, they interfere with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling to inhibit the innate immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms implicated still remain unclear. To gain insight into the functions of BtpA and BtpB, we expressed them in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeas a eukaryotic cell model. We found that both effectors were cytotoxic and that their respective TIR domains were necessary and sufficient for yeast growth inhibition. Growth arrest was concomitant with actin depolymerization, endocytic block and a general decrease in kinase activity in the cell, suggesting a failure in energetic metabolism. Indeed, levels of ATP and NAD+were low in yeast cells expressing BtpA and BtpB TIR domains, consistent with the recently described enzymatic activity of some TIR domains as NAD+hydrolases. In human epithelial cells, both BtpA and BtpB expression reduced intracellular total NAD levels. In infected cells, both BtpA and BtpB contributed to reduction of total NAD, indicating that their NAD+hydrolase functions are active intracellularly during infection. Overall, combining the yeast model together with mammalian cells and infection studies our results show that BtpA and BtpB modulate energy metabolism in host cells through NAD+hydrolysis, assigning a novel role for these TIR domain-containing effectors inBrucellapathogenesis.
Reporting animal research: Explanation and Elaboration for the ARRIVE guidelines 2019
Authors: Percie du Sert Nathalie , Ahluwalia Amrita , Alam Sabina , Avey Marc T. , Baker Monya , Browne William J. , Clark Alejandra , Cuthill Innes C. , Dirnagl Ulrich , Emerson Michael , Garner Paul , Holgate Stephen T. , Howells David W. , Hurst Viki , Karp Natasha A. , Lidster Katie , MacCallum Catriona J. , Macleod Malcolm , Pearl Esther J , Petersen Ole , Rawle Frances , Reynolds Penny , Rooney Kieron , Sena Emily S. , Silberberg Shai D. , Steckler Thomas , Würbel Hanno
Published: July 2019

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting are vital to this process; it allows readers to assess the reliability of the findings, and repeat or build upon the work of other researchers. The NC3Rs developed the ARRIVE guidelines in 2010 to help authors and journals identify the minimum information necessary to report in publications describingin vivoexperiments.

Despite widespread endorsement by the scientific community, the impact of the ARRIVE guidelines on the transparency of reporting in animal research publications has been limited. We have revised the ARRIVE guidelines to update them and facilitate their use in practice. The revised guidelines are published alongside this paper. This Explanation and Elaboration document was developed as part of the revision. It provides further information about each of the 21 items in ARRIVE 2019, including the rationale and supporting evidence for their inclusion in the guidelines, elaboration of details to report, and examples of good reporting from the published literature.
Numerical investigation on operation characteristic of ramjet projectile
Authors: Zhuo Chang-Fei , Wang Ming-Xiao , Yao Wen-Jin , Xu Wen-ke
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the operation performance of the high-speed ramjet kinetic energy projectile using solid fuel ramjet as power plant that is a new short-range and small caliber projectile.

Design/methodology/approach

The numerical investigation on combustion characteristic of polyethylene in high-speed ramjet kinetic energy projectile is carried out in this paper. The flow characteristics’ differences are analyzed when ramjet works or do not work, and both the combustion characteristics and propulsive performance are analyzed when ramjet works.

Findings

The results show that with the increase of the abscissa x, the flame front is close to solid fuel surface at first and then keeps away from solid fuel surface. With the increase of the abscissa x, the temperature of solid fuel surface and regression rate of solid fuel continues to increase before re-attachment point and then decreases, which a maximum locate at the re-attachment point. Both the average temperature and the regression rate on the surface of the solid fuel tend to rise as the increase of inflow Mach number. As the inflow of Mach number increases, the mass flow rate of gaseous fuel increases.

Practical implications

The research results can provide useful database for the subsequent research on high-speed ramjet kinetic energy projectile.

Originality/value

This paper studies the operation characteristics of the ramjet projectile, especially the effect of the change of the flight velocity on the performance of high-speed ramjet projectile.
Calculations of eddy currents in electrical steel sheets taking into account their magnetic hysteresis
Authors: Szular Zbigniew , Mazgaj Witold
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the method which relatively easily allows to approximate the hysteresis loop of the dynamo or transformer steel sheets. The paper also looks into the formulation of an equation allowing determination of distribution of the flux density and eddy currents in cross-section of these sheets.

Design/methodology/approach

An exponential function was applied in the presented method relating to the approximation of the hysteresis loop. When the field strength changes its value, then, the flux density are the sum or difference of a function, describing the lower or upper hysteresis curve and some “ransient” component. On the basis of Maxwell’s equations and Amper’s law, one non-linear differential equation was formulated which allows to calculate the flux density and eddy currents in a cross-section of a transformer sheet.

Findings

The method which relatively easily allows approximation of the hysteresis loop of ferromagnetic material is presented in the paper. The paper presents the derivation of one non-linear differential equation, allowing calculation of the flux density and eddy currents in the cross-section of the transformer sheets, taking into account the hysteresis phenomenon.

Practical implications

The paper presents the method that can be used in modeling of the hysteresis loops of dynamo or transformer sheets, and the final non-linear differential equation can be applied in calculations of the magnetic field and eddy currents in cross-section of the transformer sheets.

Originality/value

The paper refers to important issues of modeling and calculations of the magnetic and eddy current field distribution in transformer steel sheets.
Multilevel safety culture affecting organization safety performance: a system dynamic approach
Authors: Qayoom Abdul , H.W. Hadikusumo Bonaventura
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Previous research studies have testified that safety culture positively affects safety performance. However, the progression by which safety culture affects safety performance has not yet been examined. Also, how safety culture affects the overall safety performance at different levels of the organization is yet to be explored. In order to address this issue, the purpose of this paper is to study the effect of multilevel safety culture upon safety performance over time.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual causal-loop diagram is constructed using the group model building approach to establish the relationship between safety culture components (e.g. psychological, behavioral and situational) and the factors associated with safety performance (e.g. risk level, safety behavior, unsafe conditions, unsafe acts and incident rate). Considering the dynamic nature and intricacy of the safety management system, the system dynamics approach has been employed to develop the model.

Findings

The results indicate that the safety culture at the tactical level (middle management) and operational level is much more effective than strategic level (top management) in ameliorating the safety performance of the organization.

Research limitations/implications

The scope of this study is limited to the effect of multilevel safety culture on safety performance. The focus is on the dynamics of personal, behavioral and situational factors of top management, middle management and workers to reinforce the safety performance of the organization. Future research can be protracted to build other models of safety.

Practical implications

First and foremost, the findings summarized in this paper can be implemented by organizations to achieve the total safety culture to upgrade safety performance.

Originality/value

This paper presents the holistic view of multilevel safety culture in an organization’s hierarchy. It shows how multilevel level safety culture in an organization interacts with the safety management system to enhance the safety performance of the organization.
Boom or bust? Embedding entrepreneurship in education in Australia
Authors: Maritz Alex , Nguyen Quan , Bliemel Martin
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the status of entrepreneurship education (EE) in Australia, replicating and expanding a similar study in 2015. The aim is to review neoteric global best practice EE initiatives, enabling the examination and embedding of EE offerings and initiatives at all 40 higher education institutions (HEIs) in Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors introduce a review of prominent and recent global EE scholarship, enabling an iterative and emergent inquiry perspective aligned to inductive and nascent multi-method empirical research associated with theoretical underpinnings of symbolic and substantive management theory.

Findings

This paper highlights the sparse and inconsistent distribution of EE programs and initiatives across all 40 Australian HEIs, particularly against the backdrop of rapidly expanding start-up and entrepreneurship ecosystems. Furthermore, outcomes provide best practice EE initiatives, which included staff mobility and transferability of skills. HEIs in Australia are experiencing a moderate EE boom, albeit marginally down on global EE transformation initiatives.

Research limitations/implications

Limitation of the data is subject to availability and accuracy of online documents and material resources, although implications have been mitigated using multi-method research design.

Practical implications

The findings provide critical grounding for researchers, practitioners and HEIs wishing to enhance EE within ever-expanding entrepreneurship ecosystems.

Originality/value

This study is the first multi-methods inquiry into the status of EE in Australia, consisting of quantitative, qualitative and algorithmic methods.
Gender disparities and positioning in collaborative hospitality and tourism research
Authors: Koseoglu Mehmet Ali , King Brian , Rahimi Roya
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to explore gender disparities in the production of tourism knowledge with particular reference to academic journals.

Design/methodology/approach

Authorship and co-authorship analyses were conducted of data extracted from articles and research notes published between 1965 and 2016 in 25 hospitality and tourism journals.

Findings

Gender imbalances are evident in the production of knowledge, though the disparities appear to be decreasing. While heterophilic research collaborations (those between men and women) show some evidence of higher productivity, homophilic collaborations (between males) have greater impact. The findings highlight gender imbalances in international collaborations, in SSCI listed journals, in first authoring and by country. There is evidence of higher collaborative levels among male authors and the differences have increased over time. The positioning of men and women within tourism scholarly networks shows no marked differences.

Practical implications

This data-driven analysis provides decision makers and policymakers with evidence to support well-targeted programs that advance female contributions in hospitality and tourism research collaborations. For example, senior academics and University administrators might offer support for female researchers to become more actively involved in hospitality and tourism research groups and projects. Universities or schools might also seek to encourage collaborations between male and female researchers in their performance indicators.

Originality/value

This study is one of the first to examine gender disparities and positioning in collaborative hospitality and tourism research.
Talent pool exclusion: the hotel employee perspective
Authors: Kichuk Aliaksei , Brown Lorraine , Ladkin Adele
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of employees excluded from a talent pool and to identify what career development is provided for them.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was adopted, and narrative inquiry was selected as the optimum route to obtaining detailed and rich accounts of the experiences of employees excluded from a talent pool. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted with eight employees and seven managers in a small hotel chain in the south of England.

Findings

The study shows that employees who are excluded from a talent pool feel frustration, mistrust in the organisation, have low expectations of career development and show an intention to leave the organisation.

Research limitations/implications

The study was conducted in a chain of hotels where talent management (TM) strategies are one of the key priorities in the organisation. The results may be different in hotels where TM strategies are less formal and talent pool segmentation is not clearly identified.

Practical implications

Hotel managers should consider employees who are excluded from a talent pool and build effective TM strategies and provide career development to minimise adverse reactions and improve commitment and motivation.

Originality/value

This research contributes to understanding talent pool exclusion and its consequences for the hotel sector. Narrative interviewing is used in this context for the first time.
Cultural essentialism and tailored hotel service for Chinese: the moderating role of satisfaction
Authors: Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang , He Hongwei , Chao Melody Manchi , Leandro Galli , King David
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand Chinese consumers’ responses to ethnically tailored hotel services from the theoretical perspective of cultural essentialism.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collection was conducted through an online survey with Chinese respondents. Hierarchical moderated regression was performed to analyze the data.

Findings

The results show a positive relationship between cultural essentialism and consumer responses to hotel services that are tailored to their culture. Furthermore, the findings show that prior service satisfaction does not only positively influence the consumer responses, but also amplifies the link between cultural essentialism and the consumer responses.

Practical implications

Hoteliers are recommended to consider the cultural essentialism of Chinese consumers when adaptive services are introduced. Hotel services that are tailored to Chinese culture is a viable strategy if most Chinese customers are cultural essentialists.

Originality/value

This study adds knowledge to the hospitality scholarship by introducing cultural essentialism and demonstrating its role in influencing consumer preferences for familiarity as opposed to exotic hotel services. Furthermore, the moderating role of service satisfaction extends the consumer behavior literature.
Home prices and fundamentals: solving the mystery for the G-7 by accounting for nonlinearities
Authors: Miles William
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to determine whether house prices and income share a stable, stationary relationship in the G-7 countries. This stable relationship has been clearly implied by theory but has been difficult to uncover empirically in previous studies.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis entails using nonlinear tests for a stationary relationship between home prices and per-capita income for the G-7 countries, whereas most previous papers on the topic have used linear methods.

Findings

When the standard linear ADF test is used, no stationary relationship for home prices and income is found for any of the G-7 countries. When the more powerful (but still linear) Ng–Perron test is used, the USA, but no other G-7 country, exhibits a stable relationship between the two variables. When the nonlinear Enders–Granger test is used, stationarity between home prices and income is found for five of the remaining six G-7 states.

Practical implications

Previous research has shown that as house prices have risen far above the income, especially over bubble periods, income has done a poor job in predicting home values. The findings show that income has a clear long-run stationary relationship with home values. This implies income could be helpful in providing home price forecasts.

Originality/value

Where previous studies have failed to find a long-run relationship between home prices and income while using linear methods, results in this paper show this theoretical asset–pricing relationship holds once the adjustment process is allowed to exhibit nonlinearity.
The effect of negative information on the volatility of real estate residential prices in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Alkali Musa , Sipan Ibrahim , Razali Muhammad Najib
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of negative information on the volatility of real estate residential prices in Abuja, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical research covers a sample period of 17 years from the first quarter of 2000 to the fourth quarter of 2017. The leverage effect of Abuja’s real estate residential price volatility is determined. Exponential generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity is used to determine the ARCH shock, GARCH persistence and the leverage effect of the volatility of residential prices in Abuja.

Findings

The research found that the volatility of real estate prices varies from one category of residential property to another. The leverage effect was found only in the price of two and three bedroom flats in Abuja.

Originality/value

The findings provide useful information on the volatility of real estate prices for real estate investors. The study has policy implications for the regulation of measures that gradually checkmate the patterns of volatility in the Nigerian real estate market. It also controls negative information (such as a fall of crude oil prices, high costs of building materials, inconsistency of macro-economic policies and insecurity and political uncertainty) which mainly raises the level of uncertainty in the market and exposes investors to risk.
Agility and resource dependency in ramp-up process of humanitarian organizations
Authors: Lu Qing , Wu Jie , Goh Mark , De Souza Robert
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The ramp-up in humanitarian logistics operations is a stage when the demand surges, often at the start of an emergency. In response, agility is a key strategy used by the humanitarian organizations (HOs). However, the HOs are constrained by their existing resources and have to respond in the ramp-up process under their resource dependency. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework on agility-building strategies used by HOs for the ramp-up.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies both the dynamic capabilities perspective and resource dependence theory to humanitarian relief operations, and develops four testable propositions to explore the agility-building strategies of the HOs for the ramp-up process. A multiple-case study is conducted on six international HOs operating in Indonesia to verify them, in addition to an extensive literature search.

Findings

The case study shows that the human resource management, pre-positioning, standardization and supplier management of the HOs are all related to their resources and environment in the ramp-up process. The authors highlight the practical differences between the few super large, resource rich and centralized HOs with the second-tier HOs.

Research limitations/implications

Given the small sample size and single country as the site of study, some findings may not be applicable to the other HOs or in other regions.

Practical implications

The propositions could be applicable to other HOs operating under similar environments, and potentially to the commercial enterprises operating in a highly volatile environment with severe resource scarcity.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights into ramp-up operations and into how HOs build their agility and reduce their resource dependencies. Theoretically, the paper applies two established theories in the strategic management literature to a new field.
Contribution of the three-dimensional model to the reliability allocation of multiphase systems
Authors: Saadi Saadia , Djebabra Mébarek , Roudies Ounsa , Boulagouas Wafa
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the allocation requirements of the dependability of the multiphase systems.

Design/methodology/approach

It consists of a proposal for a combined methodology based on the simultaneous use of decomposition systems and reliability allocation method.

Findings

In the developed methodology, the authors use the principles of risk assessment and propose a new formulation of weight allowance with reference to the structural‒functional dependence.

Practical implications

The suggested methodology provides invaluable help to implementation process analysis.

Originality/value

The adopted allocation approach is based on the use of a three-dimensional model: temporal, structural and functional decomposition of systems.
Social reports of an Italian provincial government: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Farneti Federica , Guthrie James , Canetto Marcello
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the non-financial information disclosed in social reports by an Italian provincial government over time to determine its relevance, contribution and evolution.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a case study analysis, the authors examine 10 years of social reports by one “best practice” Italian provincial government. The authors use content analysis to quantify the level of social and environmental disclosures and use a coding instrument based on the GRI guidelines. The authors use legitimacy theory as a framework.

Findings

The level of disclosure increased over the 10-year period, and the type of disclosures became more detailed. However, many of the economic, social and environmental elements set out in the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines were not disclosed. Moreover, the social report was contingent on a few key factors. The authors find that there has been a decline in interest in social reports by local governments in Italy, suggesting that voluntary disclosure was perhaps a fad that no longer is of interest in Italian local government.

Research limitations/implications

This research is one case study so the findings are not generalisable. The findings suggest that there is a need for regulation in non-financial information disclosures, as the disclosures in the case study organisation were very much at the discretion of the organisation. This has implications for policymakers.

Originality/value

Unlike prior studies, this study takes a longitudinal approach to voluntary disclosure of non-financial information and focusses on the under-explored context of public sector organisations.
European emission allowance and equity markets: evidence from further trading phases
Authors: Harasheh Murad , Amaduzzi Andrea
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the value relevance of the European Emission Allowance (EUA) return and volatility on the equity value of the top listed European Power Generation Firms for the three trading phases of the European Emission Trading Scheme.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the multifactor financial market model over the period 2005-2016 on daily basis for the return relevance relationship, whereas time series models such as autoregression moving average and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity are applied on a weighted average portfolio of the sample firms to test serial correlation and volatility of returns.

Findings

The findings are novel in which a positive and significant relevance of EUA return on equity return is shown; however, a vanishing effect is seen as one moves to further trading phases. Another remarkable finding is that the return relationship remains constant until a certain level in EUA price then inverts. Finally, the authors present that EUA is considered a systematic factor as firm and country-specific features are not statistically significant.

Practical implications

At policy level, these findings signal policymakers for an appropriate design of the future trading phases in which they achieve the balance between public interests, as climate risk mitigation by reducing emissions, and the private interests of the market players to support innovative changes.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, this study would be the first to offer recent and comprehensive findings on the economic and financial implications of the European Emission Trading Scheme for the three trading phases. Additionally, the research offers time series robustness check besides the standard regression analysis and shows that there is an optimal EUA price that triggers polluters’ decision on emission and generation.
Sources of value co-destruction: Uber customer perspectives
Authors: Sthapit Erose , Björk Peter
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study aims to explore the antecedents that generate value co-destruction, the negative outcomes resulting from interactive value formation, in the sharing economy context, particularly taxi services. The focus of the study is on customers’ Uber reviews that are written in English and posted online. Three keywords, “bad”, “terrible” and “awful”, were used to capture online narratives linked to customers’ negative experiences with Uber. Out of the 758 online reviews, 75 negative reviews were analysed in this study.

Design/methodology/approach

A grounded theory approach was used for data analysis.

Findings

Two distinct themes resulted in value co-destruction: Uber drivers’ bad behaviour and poor customer service. The managerial implications include that Uber clearly should invest more resources to minimise the negative experiences of its customers by clearly defining the taxi drivers’ tasks and responsibilities. In addition, when customers report their dissatisfaction, they should be dealt with promptly and effectively through good customer service.

Research limitations/implications

First, the netnography study, by its nature, was restricted to those customers who shared their reviews online. The study did not consider those customers who have not posted their reviews online. Second, the focus of the study was on customer reviews that were written in English. Third, only three keywords (“bad”, “terrible” and “awful”) were used in the data selection process, limiting the number of review posts (75) that were analysed in this study. In addition, even if this study does not produce statistically generalizable findings, the findings are valuable in an analytical sense.

Practical implications

From a managerial perspective, Uber clearly should invest more in resources to minimise the negative experiences of its customers (both domestic customers and tourists) by clearly defining the taxi drivers’ tasks and responsibilities. If the drivers’ tasks are unclear, then customers cannot be served in an effective manner and with consistent service quality. The taxi drivers, regardless of their full-time or part-time work shifts, should ensure that quality services are offered to customers. Providing high-quality service might reduce the number of complaints and result in positive comments and compliments.

Originality/value

This study addresses the gap in previous literature by examining customers’ negative experiences during the overall service encounter and antecedents of value co-destruction in the context of Uber. This study contributes to a better understanding of value co-destruction within the sharing economy.
Modeling and optimization of sand crushing plant using experimental design methodology
Authors: Benyessad Djamel , Arkoub Hamid , Seghir Abdelghani
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present results of an experimental program conducted on manufacturing process of crushed sand. The aim of the research is to propose an optimized approach which allows to fix, directly at the process stage, the rate of fines in the produced crushed sand.

Design/methodology/approach

In the first step of the study, samples of crushed sand are collected in situ, at each adjustment of the identified operating parameters. They are then analyzed in laboratory to retrieve especially the fines contents for each adjustment. These adjustments are conducted for all possible combinations of the extremum operating conditions of the parameters. In the second step of the study, the experimental design technique is applied to study the influence of the different factors, and to model the interaction between them. An expression is obtained and subjected to statistical tests, and then it is confronted to other experimental measures.

Findings

Parameters influencing the fines rates are identified and their effects are analyzed. The domain of variation of three predominant parameters is defined allowing to conduct in situ experiments with minimal incidence on the manufacturing disturbance. A mathematical model is proposed to quantify the crushed sand fines by analytical expression that takes into account the interaction between influencing parameters.

Practical implications

The conducted experiments provided new data that will help to enhance and to better set up the settings of the parameters influencing the rate of filler. The proposed expression constitutes a practical tool for the manufacturer to fix the operating parameters values that results in a desired target fines contents.

Originality/value

Modeling and optimization of the sand crushing plant, considered here as a case study, has not been attempted previously. The conducted experiments and the proposed mathematical model constitute an original work of this study.
Federal Decentralization and Adaptive Management of Water Resources: Reservoir Reallocation by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Authors: Doyle Martin W. , Patterson Lauren A.
Published: July 2019

Reservoir operations must respond to changing conditions, such as climate, water demand, regulations, and sedimentation. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) can reallocate reservoir storage to respond to such changes. We assembled and analyzed a database of reservoir reallocations implemented and proposed by the Corps. While only a small portion of total reservoir storage nationwide has been reallocated, there are substantial differences in reallocation frequency and magnitude across the nation: some Corps Districts and Divisions use reallocation while others do not, relying more on discretion and small‐scale adaptation of operations. This difference illustrates how water resource agencies like the Corps decentralize management decisions to allow responding to disparate conditions. Decentralized decision‐making provides a responsive approach to water management, while centralized and hierarchical decision‐making is a slower, more deliberative approach. Decentralized decision‐making may lead to the accumulation of short‐term, local decisions over time to the point that the system is managed differently than anticipated. Reallocation, which is a form of planned adaptive management, can be accommodating of multiple competing demands and different stakeholders, yet expensive and less temporally responsive. The challenge for any large water resource management agency is to balance between local‐level, responsive discretion vs. centralized, planned decision‐making.
Association between opioid use disorder and fractures: a population‐based study
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Yu , Lin Cheng‐Li , Kao Chia‐Hung
Published: July 2019

Aims

To test whether fractures and osteoporosis are more prevalent among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) than patients without OUD in Taiwan.

Design

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan.

Setting

Taiwan.

Participants

The number of adult patients with OUD and without OUD was 3695 and 14 780, respectively. We established both cohorts from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2011 to observe the incidence of fracture. The occurrence of fracture was followed‐up until the end of 2011.

Measurements

The primary measure was incidence of fracture. The relative risk of fracture was estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for age, sex, index year and comorbidities. Comorbidities included diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, alcohol‐related illness, osteoporosis, end‐stage renal disease, obesity and rheumatoid arthritis, using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification.

Findings

Patients with OUD were 4.13 times more likely to suffer fractures than patients without OUD [incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person‐years = 23.0 versus 5.47, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.27–4.29]. Compared with the control group, the risk of fracture was higher among the patients with OUD. Risk of fracture was higher in male elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, alcohol‐related illness or osteoporosis. The cumulative incidences of fracture over 14 years of patients with OUD and without OUD differed significantly.

Conclusions

Taiwanese patients with opioid use disorder appear to have a higher adjusted hazard ratio for fracture than Taiwanese patients without opioid use disorder.
Characterization of metabolic changes in the phenotypes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in a large Mediterranean population from Sicily
Authors: Carmina Enrico , Nasrallah Mona P. , Guastella Ettore , Lobo Rogerio A.
Published: July 2019

Objective

To better characterize the metabolic alterations in various phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a large homogeneous (Sicilian) Mediterranean population with a low prevalence of obesity.

Design

Retrospective study.

Patients

A total of 1215 consecutively evaluated women with PCOS divided into four Rotterdam phenotypes (A, B, C and D) and in 108 matched ovulatory, nonhyperandrogenic women.

Measurements

BMI, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and an oral glucose tolerance test.

Results

The overall prevalence of obesity was 31%, metabolic syndrome 6.6%, diabetes 2.1%, altered glucose metabolism 13.1%, and abnormal lipid profile 60%. Phenotype B had the highest prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, altered glucose metabolism and lipid abnormalities compared to other PCOS phenotypes and controls. Phenotype A was more obese and more women had metabolic syndrome compared to phenotypes C and D but phenotype C had a similar prevalence of altered glucose metabolism and lipid abnormalities compared to phenotype A which had a higher BMI. These metabolic abnormalities in A and C were higher compared to phenotype D and controls. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI predicts only abnormalities in fasting glucose and triglycerides, while there was no association with androgens.

Conclusions

In Mediterranean women with PCOS from Sicily with a lower prevalence of obesity, the prevalence of diabetes, altered glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome were much lower than reported in US studies. Phenotype B was the most metabolically affected phenotype, followed by phenotype A. Phenotype C had an intermediate disorder but with a high prevalence of altered glucose metabolism and lipid alterations. Only the normoandrogenic phenotype D had no metabolic abnormalities.
Comparison among different presentations of venous thromboembolism because of lung cancer
Authors: Guo Jian , Deng Qin‐Fang , Xiong Wei , Pudasaini Bigyan , Yuan Ping , Liu Jin‐Ming , Zhou Cai‐Cun
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) because of lung cancer has been sufficiently studied, nevertheless, little is known regarding the discrepancy of clinical characteristics and predictive factors among different presentations of VTE because of lung cancer.

Objectives

This study was designed to investigate the distinction of clinical characteristics and predictive factors among different presentations of VTE because of lung cancer.

Methods

All patients concomitant lung cancer and VTE were stratified into three groups: pulmonary embolism (PE) group in which patients had sole PE, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) group with sole DVT and concomitance group with both PE and DVT.

Results

Concomitance of PE and DVT (28.2 days) mostly occurred at the early stage after the diagnosis of lung cancer, by contrast with DVT (63.6 days) which did at the latest stage, whereas PE (36.7 days) generally developed intermediately in between (P = .02). In a Kaplan‐Meier analysis, the cumulative survival rate of DVT group was higher than that of concomitance group, whereas the rate of PE group lied in between. (P = .002) The strongest correlated factors with the development of DVT, PE and concomitance were adenocarcinoma (HR 3.27, P = .003), chemotherapy (HR 2.62, P = .005) and D‐Dimer (HR 3.88, P < .001), respectively. The strongest correlated factors with the mortality of DVT, PE and concomitance were comorbidity (HR 2.32, P = .003), metastasis (HR 3.12, P < .001), and metastasis (HR 4.29, P < .001), respectively.

Conclusion

Concomitance of DVT and PE represents the severest state of lung cancer, the earliest occurrence of VTE, and the worst survival rate, whereas DVT stands for the mildest condition of lung cancer and stablest pattern of VTE.
Neurath onVerstehen
Authors: Uebel Thomas
Published: July 2019

This paper argues for a broadened understanding of the social scientific thought of a leading logical empiricist and advocate of the unity of science. Often portrayed as a reductive physicalist on account of his temperamental interventions againstgeisteswissenschaftlicheobscurantists in the time of the Weimar Republic, Otto Neurath in fact was a defender and practitioner of interpretive methods who warned against their abuse inside and outside of academic social science and history. After placing Neurath's efforts in the context of the Vienna Circle, his talk of “social behaviorism” and his criticisms of Max Weber are clarified (both represent prominent stumbling blocks for an appreciation of Neurath's views) and his view on the role of empathetic understanding is reconstructed. Further support for this interpretation is then adduced from various instance of his pre‐Vienna Circle work (incl. his critique of Spengler and his own work in economic history and history of ideas). Having been trained in the Historical School, Neurath never abandoned his hermeneutic insights but sought to integrate them in a non‐dichotomous conception of science.
Marine recreational fishing and the implications of climate change
Authors: Townhill Bryony L. , Radford Zachary , Pecl Gretta , van Putten Ingrid , Pinnegar John K. , Hyder Kieran
Published: July 2019

Marine recreational fishing is popular globally and benefits coastal economies and people's well‐being. For some species, it represents a large component of fish landings. Climate change is anticipated to affect recreational fishing in many ways, creating opportunities and challenges. Rising temperatures or changes in storms and waves are expected to impact the availability of fish to recreational fishers, through changes in recruitment, growth and survival. Shifts in distribution are also expected, affecting the location that target species can be caught. Climate change also threatens the safety of fishing. Opportunities may be reduced owing to rougher conditions, and costs may be incurred if gear is lost or damaged in bad weather. However, not all effects are expected to be negative. Where weather conditions change favourably, participation rates could increase, and desirable species may become available in new areas. Drawing on examples from the UK and Australia, we synthesize existing knowledge to develop a conceptual model of climate‐driven factors that could impact marine recreational fisheries, in terms of operations, participation and motivation. We uncover the complex pathways of drivers that underpin the recreational sector. Climate changes may have global implications on the behaviour of recreational fishers and on catches and local economies.