bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Mg9Si5: A Potential Non‐toxic Thermoelectric Material for Mid‐Temperature Applications.
Authors: Singh Vijeta , Pulikkotil J. J. , Auluck S.
Published: September 2016

First principles density functional theory based calculations indicate Mg9Si5 to be a potential non‐toxic mid temperature thermoelectric material, operable in the 400—600 K range.
ChemInform Abstract: First 14‐Layer Twinned Hexagonal Perovskite Ba14Mn1.75Ta10.5O42: Atomic‐Scale Imaging of Cation Ordering.
Authors: Tao Fengqiong , Genevois Cecile , Lu Fengqi , Kuang Xiaojun , Porcher Florence , Li Liangju , Yang Tao , Li Wenbo , Zhou Di , Allix Mathieu
Published: September 2016

Polycrystalline Ba14Mn1.75Ta10.5O42 (BMT) is prepared by calcination of a stoichiometric mixture of BaCO3, MnCO3, and Ta2O5 (Al2O3 crucible, 1473 K, 8 h), pelletizing, and further firing in air (1773 K, 12‐24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Fei‐Phos Ligand‐Controlled Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions with Structurally Diverse Nucleophiles: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Xu Jian‐Xing , Ye Fei , Bai Xing‐Feng , Zhang Jin , Xu Zheng , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: September 2016

The allylic etherification of alcohols and the allylic alkylation of activated methylene compounds, indoles, and aromatic amines proceed with good yields and high enantioselectivity (up to 99% e.e.) employing Fei‐Phos as an effective phosphine ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Olefin‐Derived Nucleophiles to Ketones.
Authors: Yang Yang , Perry Ian B. , Lu Gang , Liu Peng , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: September 2016

Enantioenriched alcohols found in an array of bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical agents are often synthesized by asymmetric nucleophilic addition to carbonyls.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2] Cycloadditions of Seven‐Membered‐Ring trans‐Alkenes: Decreasing Reactivity with Increasing Substitution of the Seven‐Membered Ring.
Authors: Santucci John III , Sanzone Jillian R. , Woerpel K. A.
Published: September 2016

The reactivity of trans‐oxasilacycloheptenes in [4+2] cycloadditions depends on the substitution pattern on the seven‐membered ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Acidic and Eco‐Friendly Reagents for Mild and Convenient Conversion of Epoxides to 1,2‐Diacetates.
Authors: Gilanizadeh Masumeh , Zeynizadeh Behzad
Published: September 2016

Na2HPO4·12H2O and NaHSO4·H2O prove to be efficient and eco‐friendly reagents for the highly regioselective ring‐opening of epoxides with Ar2O.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Transfer Hydrogenative Couplings of Unactivated Aldehydes with Simple Alkenes.
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Long , Liu Yan‐Yao , Wu Yi‐Mei , Wang Yin‐Xia , Lin Yu‐Tong , Ye Mengchun
Published: September 2016

A reductive coupling of aldehydes with alkenes provides secondary alcohols through a direct hydride transfer pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Acylation of N‐Nitrosoanilines with α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids: A Convenient Method to Synthesize N‐Nitroso Ketones and Indazoles.
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Zhe , Guo Peiyu , Sun Wei , Li Ya‐Min , Sun Meng , Hua Chengwen
Published: September 2016

Various N‐Nitroso ketones are prepared by decarboxylative ortho‐acylation of N‐Nitroso compounds with α‐oxocarboxylic acids involving a N atom‐directed activation of C—H bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: CO2 Activation and Fixation: Highly Efficient Syntheses of Hydroxy Carbamates over Au/Fe2O3.
Authors: Shang Jianpeng , Guo Xiaoguang , Li Zuopeng , Deng Youquan
Published: September 2016

An efficient route for the synthesis of hydroxy carbamates via reaction of epoxides with amines and CO2 is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Arylboronic Acids with Yagupolskii—Umemoto Reagents.
Authors: Wang Shi‐Meng , Wang Xiao‐Yan , Qin Hua‐Li , Zhang Cheng‐Pan
Published: September 2016

The reaction is applicable to aryl.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Cycloaddition of Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and 1,3,5‐Hexatriynes.
Authors: Sale Anna Chiara , Murray Adrian H. , Prenzel Dominik , Hampel Frank , De Luca Lidia , Tykwinski Rik R.
Published: September 2016

The Diels—Alder reaction of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone with triynes (I) gives fully substituted benzenes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase‐Initiated One‐Pot Synthesis of Spirooxazino Derivatives: Redesign of Multicomponent Reactions to Expand Substrates Scope and Application Potential.
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Yang , Wang Jun‐Liang , Lin Xian‐Fu , Wu Qi
Published: September 2016

An improved enzymatic three‐component coupling reaction of β‐nitrostyrenes, cyclohexanones, and aldols to give hydrospirooxazinoindoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ecological Recycling of a Bio‐Based Catalyst for Cu Click Reaction: A New Strategy for a Greener Sustainable Catalysis.
Authors: Clave G. , Garoux L. , Boulanger C. , Hesemann P. , Grison C.
Published: September 2016

The Cu‐based ecocatalyst produced via rhizofiltration of copper‐rich effluents using E.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted C‐2 Direct Alkenylation of Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines: Access to Fluorescent Purine Isosteres with Remarkably Large Stokes Shifts.
Authors: Baladi Tom , Granzhan Anton , Piguel Sandrine
Published: September 2016

The alkenylation reaction is rapid and compatible with various substituents in both partners to give 2‐alkynylimidazopyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5H‐Phthalazino[1,2‐b]quinazoline and Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinazoline Derivatives via a Chemoselective Reaction of 2‐Aminobenzohydrazide and 2‐Formylbenzoic Acid in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Jin Rong‐Zhang , Zhang Wen‐Ting , Zhou Yu‐Jing , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: September 2016

The type of the products depends on the steric effect in the reactant of the aminobenzohydrazides.
ChemInform Abstract: Sesquiterpenes from the Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activity.
Authors: Shen Qin‐Peng , Xu Xing‐Meng , Li Lan , Zhao Wei , Xiang Neng‐Jun , Yang Guang‐Yu , Chen Yong‐Kuan , Miao Ming‐Ming , Liu Chun‐Bo , Liu Zhi‐Hua
Published: September 2016

Two new pterosin‐type sesquiterpenes, nicosesquiterpenes A and B, are isolated along with four known sesquiterpene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Conversion of β‐Glycopyranoside to α‐Glycopyranoside by Photo‐Activated Radical Reaction.
Authors: Lai Yu‐Chen , Luo Chin‐Hung , Chou Hsin‐Chun , Yang Cheng‐Jhang , Lu Le , Chen Chien‐Sheng
Published: September 2016

The halogen‐light‐activated anomeric inversion of glycosides is achieved by using CCl4 as the chlorine radical source and BF3.OEt2 as the Lewis acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Unusual Oxindole Alkaloid Leucolusine.
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Khamrai Jagadish
Published: September 2016

The total synthesis of both diastereomers of the unusual tetracyclic ring‐opened oxindole alkaloid leucolusine (I) is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐Processed Two‐Dimensional Metal Dichalcogenide‐Based Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Cao Xiehong , Tan Chaoliang , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Wei , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2016

Review: [167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Tran T. Thao , Yu Hongwei , Rondinelli James M. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Halasyamani P. Shiv
Published: September 2016

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Activity in the Development of Proton‐Conducting Oxides for High‐Temperature Applications
Authors: Kochetova N. , Animitsa I. , Medvedev D. , Demin A. , Tsiakaras P.
Published: September 2016

Review: 343 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azlactone Reaction Developments
Authors: de Castro Pedro P. , Carpanez Arthur G. , Amarante Giovanni W.
Published: September 2016

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Catalysis: Historic Overview and Current Trends
Authors: Bauer Eike B.
Published: September 2016

Review: 115 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Search for New Bioactive Marine Natural Products and Application to Drug Development
Authors: Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: September 2016

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metabolic Glycoengineering with N‐Acyl Side Chain Modified Mannosamines
Authors: Wratil Paul R. , Horstkorte Ruediger , Reutter Werner
Published: September 2016

Review: 428 refs.
Vegetation structure and photosynthesis respond rapidly to restoration in young coastal fens
Authors: Laine Anna M. , Tolvanen Anne , Mehtätalo Lauri , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina
Published: September 2016

Young coastal fens are rare ecosystems in the first stages of peatland succession. Their drainage compromises their successional development toward future carbon (C) reservoirs. We present the first study on the success of hydrological restoration of young fens. We carried out vegetation surveys at six young fens that represent undrained, drained, and restored management categories in the Finnish land uplift coast before and after restoration. We measured plant level carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) from 17 most common plant species present at the sites. Within 5 years of restoration, the vegetation composition of restored sites had started to move toward the undrained baseline. The cover of sedges increased the most in response to restoration, while the cover of deciduous shrubs decreased the most. The rapid response indicates high resilience and low resistance of young fen ecosystems toward changes in hydrology. Forbs had higher photosynthetic and respiration rates than sedges, deciduous shrubs, and grasses, whereas rates were lowest for evergreen shrubs and mosses. The impact of management category on CO2 assimilation was an indirect consequence that occurred through changes in plant species composition: Increase in sedge cover following restoration also increased the potential photosynthetic capacity of the ecosystem. Synthesis and applications. Restoration of forestry drained young fens is a promising method for safeguarding them and bringing back their function as C reservoirs. However, their low resistance to water table draw down introduces a risk that regeneration may be partially hindered by the heavy drainage in the surrounding landscape. Therefore, restoration success is best safeguarded by managing the whole catchments instead of carrying out small‐scale projects.
Unraveling complex hydrogeological processes in Andean basins in south‐central Chile: An integrated assessment to understand hydrological dissimilarity
Authors: Muñoz Enrique , Arumí José Luis , Wagener Thorsten , Oyarzún Ricardo , Parra Victor
Published: September 2016

Groundwater storage, drainage, and interbasin water exchange are common hydrological processes but often difficult to quantify due to a lack of local observations. We present a study of three volcanic mountainous watersheds located in south‐central Chile (~36.9 ° S) in the Chillán volcanic complex (Chillán, Renegado, and Diguillín river basins). These are neighboring basins that are similar with respect to the metrics normally available for characterization everywhere (e.g., precipitation, temperature, and land cover). In a hydrological sense, similar (proportional) behavior would be expected if these catchments would be characterized with this general information. However, these watersheds show dissimilar behavior when analyzed in detail. The surface water balance does not fit for any of these watersheds individually; however, the water balance of the whole system can be explained by likely interbasin water exchanges. The Renegado river basin has an average annual runoff per unit of area on the order of 60–65% less than those of the Diguillín and Chillán rivers, which is contradictory to the hydrological similarity among the basins. To understand the main processes that control streamflow generation, two analyses were performed: (a) basin metrics (land cover, geologic, topographic, and climatological maps) and hydro‐meteorological data analyses and (b) a water balance model approach. The analyses contribute to a plausible explanation for the hydrogeological processes in the system. The soils, topography, and geology of the Chillán–Renegado–Diguillín system favor the infiltration and groundwater movements from the Renegado river basin, mainly to the neighboring Diguillín basin. The interbasin water exchanges affect hydrological similarity and explain the differences observed in the hydrological processes of these three apparently similar volcanic basins. The results highlight the complexity of hydrological processes in volcanic mountainous systems and suggest that a simple watershed classification approach based on widely available data is insufficient. Simple local analyses such as specific flow analysis with a review of the geology and morphology can contribute to a better understanding of the hydrology of volcanic mountainous areas.
LOX Fails to Substitute for RANKL in Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Tsukasaki Masayuki , Hamada Koki , Okamoto Kazuo , Nagashima Kazuki , Terashima Asuka , Komatsu Noriko , Win Stephanie J , Okamura Tadashi , Nitta Takeshi , Yasuda Hisataka , Penninger Josef M , Takayanagi Hiroshi
Published: September 2016

Osteoclasts are the exclusive bone-resorbing cells that have a central role in bone homeostasis as well as bone destruction in cancer and autoimmune disease. Both mouse and human genetic studies have clearly proven that receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL; encoded by the Tnfsf11 gene) and its receptor RANK are essential for osteoclastogenesis. Although there have been several reports on RANKL-independent osteoclastogenesis, previous studies have never provided in vivo evidence showing RANKL can be substituted by other molecules using RANKL- or RANK-deficient genetic backgrounds. Thus, to date, there is no clear evidence of RANKL-independent osteoclastogenesis and no molecule has ever been proven capable of inducing osteoclast differentiation more efficiently than RANKL. Recently, lysyl oxidase (LOX), the enzyme that mediates collagen cross-linking, has been shown to induce human osteoclasts in the absence of RANKL and has a stronger osteoclastogenic activity than RANKL. Here, we investigated the effect of LOX on osteoclast differentiation using RANKL- and RANK-deficient cells to strictly explore RANKL-independent osteoclastogenesis. CD14+ human peripheral blood cells as well as osteoclast precursor cells derived from wild-type, RANKL- and RANK-deficient mice were treated with RANKL and/or LOX in short-term (3 days) or long-term (3 weeks) experimental settings. LOX treatment alone did not result in the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)+ cells or resorption pits in either short-term or long-term culture. In combination with RANKL, long-term treatment with LOX synergistically promoted osteoclastogenesis in cells derived from wild-type mice; however, this was abrogated in RANKL-deficient cells. Long-term treatment with LOX stimulated RANKL expression in mouse bone marrow stromal cells via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, LOX injection failed to rescue the phenotype of RANKL-deficient mice. These results suggest that LOX has the ability to induce RANKL expression on stromal cells; however, it fails to substitute for RANKL in osteoclastogenesis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Naringenin‐Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Mediated via the PI3K/AKT and MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Lim Whasun , Park Sunwoo , Bazer Fuller W. , Song Gwonhwa
Published: September 2016

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cause of cancer‐related deaths in men. Although, various drugs targeting the androgen receptor are normally used, the patients frequently undergo recurrence of the disease. To overcome these limitations, natural compounds have been researched for evidence that they suppress progression and metastasis of various cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated effects of naringenin, a natural anti‐oxidant flavonoid derived from citrus, on prostate cancer cells (PC3 and LNCaP). Results of present study with PC3 and LNCaP cells revealed that naringenin inhibited proliferation and migration, while inducing apoptosis and ROS production by those cells. In addition, naringenin‐induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased Bax and decreased Bcl‐2 proteins in PC3 cells, but not LNCaP cells. In a dose‐dependent manner, naringenin decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P70S6K, S6, and P38 in PC3 cells, and reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P53, P38, and JNK proteins in LNCaP cells. However, naringenin activated phosphorylation of AKT in both PC3 and LNCaP cells. Then, targeted signaling proteins associated with viability of PC3 and LNCaP cells were analyzed using pharmacological inhibitors of AKT and ERK1/2 cell signaling pathways. Moreover, we compared the apoptotic effects of naringenin and paclitaxel alone and in combination to find that naringenin enhanced the efficiency of paclitaxel to suppress progression of prostate cancer cell lines. Collectively, these results indicate that naringenin is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of prostate cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1118–1131, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiotrophin‐1 Regulates Adipokine Production in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice
Authors: López‐Yoldi Miguel , Marcos‐Gomez Beatriz , Romero‐Lozano María Asunción , Sáinz Neira , Prieto Jesús , Martínez Jose Alfredo , Bustos Matilde , Moreno‐Aliaga Maria J.
Published: September 2016

Cardiotrophin‐1 (CT‐1) belongs to the IL‐6 family of cytokines. Previous studies of our group revealed that CT‐1 is a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo effects of CT‐1 on the production of several adipokines involved in body weight regulation, nutrient metabolism, and inflammation. For this purpose, 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were incubated with recombinant protein CT‐1 (rCT‐1) (1–40 ng/ml) for 1 and 18 h. Moreover, the acute effects of rCT‐1 administration (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.) for 30 min and 3 h on adipokines levels were also evaluated in high‐fat fed obese mice. In 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, rCT‐1 treatment downregulated the expression and secretion of leptin, resistin, and visfatin. However, rCT‐1 significantly stimulated apelin mRNA and secretion. rCT‐1 (18 h) also promoted the activation by phosphorylation of AKT, ERK 1/2, and STAT3. Interestingly, pre‐treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reversed the stimulatory effects of rCT‐1 on apelin expression, suggesting that this pathway could be mediating the effects of rCT‐1 on apelin production. In contrast, acute administration of rCT‐1 (30 min and 3 h) to diet‐induced obese mice downregulated leptin and resistin, without significantly modifying apelin or visfatin mRNA in adipose tissue. Furthermore, CT‐1 null mice exhibited altered expression of adipokines in adipose tissue. The present study demonstrates that rCT‐1 modulates the production of adipokines in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the regulation of the secretory function of adipocytes could be involved in the metabolic actions of this cytokine. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2469–2477, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fractional resurfacing in the Asian patient: Current state of the art
Authors: Wat Heidi , Wu Douglas C. , Chan Henry Hin Lee
Published: September 2016

Background and Objective

Fractionated photothermolysis (FP) has revolutionized modern laser technology. By creating selective columns of microthermal damage, fractionated devices allows for greater treatment depths to be achieved without the prolonged downtime and risk of complications seen in traditional fully ablative laser resurfacing. Fractional resurfacing is a proven method to treat a variety of cutaneous conditions. In the Caucasian patient, a wide range of devices and treatment settings can be utilized safely and effectively. However, ethnic skin requires special consideration due to its unique pigmentary characteristics and clinical presentations. In this review article, we detail the current indications and strategies to optimize results and mitigate complications when utilizing fractional resurfacing for the Asian patient.

Methods

A review of the MEDLINE English literature was conducted on fractionated laser devices studied in the Asian population. Articles included describe non‐ablative devices including fractionated erbium glass, thulium fiber, diode, and radiofrequency devices; and ablative devices including fractionated carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, erbium yttrium aluminum garnet and yttrium scandium gallium garnet (YSGG) laser. These data were integrated with the expert opinion of the authors.

Conclusion

Taking into account the unique characteristics and cosmetic concerns of the Asian population, fractional resurfacing can be considered a safe and effective option for the treatment of atrophic and hypertrophic scarring, and photorejuvenation in ethnic skin types. Select cases of melasma may be treated with fractionated non‐ablative devices, but utilized with caution. The predominant complication associated with fractional resurfacing for these conditions is post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and rebound worsening of melasma. A greater number of treatments at lower density settings and wider treatment intervals typically produce the lowest risks of PIH without compromising treatment efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:45–59, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective, randomized, evaluator‐blinded study of the long pulse 532‐nm KTP laser alone or in combination with the long pulse 1064‐nm Nd: YAG laser on facial rejuvenation in Asian skin
Authors: Negishi Kei , Tanaka Shiho , Tobita Saori
Published: September 2016

Background and Objective

Hyperpigmentation is a common concern in Asian patients. Few published studies address overall skin rejuvenation in this group using long‐pulse (LP) laser to target pigmentation and stimulate dermal remodeling. The LP KTP 532‐nm laser (LP 532‐nm) is used primarily to remove epidermal lesions, while the LP Nd: YAG 1064‐nm laser (LP 1064‐nm) is used to stimulate dermal remodeling in Asian patients with varying efficacy. The LP 532‐nm used alone and in combination with LP 1064‐nm to reduce pigmentation and rejuvenate skin was previously evaluated in lighter skin, but not in Asian skin. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of using LP 532‐nm for overall photorejuvenation, with and without LP 1064‐nm.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Four treatments were administered at 3‐week intervals to 22 Japanese females with photodamaged facial skin and bilateral solar lentigines. A direct split‐face treatment with LP 532‐nm was used on the full‐face, and an additional, randomized LP 1064 treatment was administered to one‐half of the face. Patients were not fully aware which side of the face was treated with which treatment. Results were evaluated at each treatment, and at 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up visits.

Results

Scoring of a modified pigment severity index (mPSI) and measurement of the melanin index (MI) showed that facial skin treated with LP 532‐nm alone and in combination with LP 1064‐nm resulted in improvement at the 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up (P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the two sides of the face. Notably, the three dimensional analysis of skin surface showed improvements for the dual‐wavelength treatments with significant differences between the two sides (P = 0.003). Most patients reported moderate improvement and were extremely satisfied or satisfied with the outcome. Adverse events were minor and rare.

Conclusions

Pigment‐related skin rejuvenation using LP 532‐nm appears to be safe and effective for Asian skin. The addition of LP 1064‐nm showed no clinical difference but the subtle difference was detected by the 3D analyzing device. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:844–851, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensate hypothenar perforator free flap for resurfacing large volar surface defect of the digit
Authors: Seo Bommie Florence , Kwon Byung Yeun , Han Hyun Ho
Published: September 2016

In this report we present a case of large sized volar surface defect of a digit reconstructed by hypothenar perforator free flap coverage. A 57‐year‐old male patient presented with a 5 × 2 cm sized avulsive injury on his left little finger involving near total loss of the volar surface. The perforator arteries of the hypothenar area were identified around 5–15% on the x‐axis and 25–50% on the y‐axis (y‐axis: a line from the pisiform base to the metacarpophalangeal joint, x‐axis: a line perpendicular to the y‐axis.) The hypothenar free flap was designed centered on the anticipated location of the perforator artery. Upon dissection, the perforator artery was found as predicted and a superficial palmar vein was saved for venous drainage. In addition, a neighboring cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve was also saved. The flap survived with satisfactory flap contour, durability, skin color and texture. Five months of follow‐up showed acceptable range of motion for joints of the affected digit and nearly full range of motion for the hand. The sensate hypothenar perforator free flap could be considered as a useful surgical option for large sized volar side defects of finger.
Peroneal perforator‐based peroneus longus tendon and sural neurofasciocutaneous composite flap transfer for a large soft‐tissue defect of the forearm: A case report
Authors: Hayashida Kenji , Saijo Hiroto , Fujioka Masaki
Published: September 2016

We describe the use of a composite flap composed of a sural neurofasciocutaneous flap and a vascularized peroneus longus tendon for the reconstruction of severe composite forearm tissue defects in a patient. A 43‐year‐old man had his left arm caught in a conveyor belt resulting in a large soft‐tissue defect of 18 × 11 cm over the dorsum forearm. The extensor carpi radialis, superficial radial nerve, and radial artery were severely damaged. A free neurofasciocutaneous composite flap measuring 16 × 11 cm was outlined on the patient's left lower leg to allow simultaneous skin, tendon, nerve, and artery reconstruction. The flap, which included the peroneus longus tendon, was elevated on the subfascial plane. After the flap was transferred to the recipient site, the peroneal artery was anastomosed to the radial artery in a flow‐through manner. The vascularized tendon graft with 15 cm in length was used to reconstruct the extensor carpi radialis longus tendon defect using an interlacing suture technique. As the skin paddle of the sural neurofasciocutaneous flap and the vascularized peroneus longus tendon graft were linked by the perforator and minimal fascial tissue, the skin paddle was able to rotate and slide with comparative ease. The flap survived completely without any complications. The length of follow‐up was 12 months and was uneventful. Range of motion of his left wrist joint was slightly limited to 75 degrees. This novel composite flap may be useful for reconstructing long tendon defects associated with extensive forearm soft tissue defects.
Extensive characterization of peptides from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer using mass spectrometric approach
Authors: Ye Xueting , Zhao Nan , Yu Xi , Han Xiaoli , Gao Huiyuan , Zhang Xiaozhe
Published: September 2016

Panax ginseng is an important herb that has clear effects on the treatment of diverse diseases. Until now, the natural peptide constitution of this herb remains unclear. Here, we conduct an extensive characterization of Ginseng peptidome using MS‐based data mining and sequencing. The screen on the charge states of precursor ions indicated that Ginseng is a peptide‐rich herb in comparison of a number of commonly used herbs. The Ginseng peptides were then extracted and submitted to nano‐LC‐MS/MS analysis using different fragmentation modes, including CID, high‐energy collisional dissociation, and electron transfer dissociation. Further database search and de novo sequencing allowed the identification of total 308 peptides, some of which might have important biological activities. This study illustrates the abundance and sequences of endogenous Ginseng peptides, thus providing the information of more candidates for the screening of active compounds for future biological research and drug discovery studies.
Companion planting with white yarrow or with feverfew for squash bug, Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), management on summer squash
Authors: Kahn Brian A , Rebek Eric J , Brandenberger Lynn P , Reed Keith , Payton Mark E
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

The squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer), is a major insect pest of cucurbits. Control of squash bugs with insecticidal chemicals is difficult to achieve. We investigated the potential of companion planting with white yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) or feverfew [Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.] for squash bug management in field plantings of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.).

RESULTS

Companion planting with white yarrow had few effects. Companion planting with feverfew tended to reduce squash bug populations, but results often were not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05). Early‐season ventilated row covers (without herbs) neither reduced squash bug populations nor increased squash yields. Herbs reduced marketable squash yields compared with the control only once out of seven experiments.

CONCLUSION

The tested companion planting strategies inconsistently affected squash bug populations on summer squash. Therefore, these strategies are not recommended to commercial producers. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Discovery of the aryl heterocyclic amine insecticides: synthesis, insecticidal activity, field results, mode of action and bioavailability of a leading field candidate
Authors: Dent William H , Pobanz Mark A , Geng Chaoxian , Sparks Thomas C , Watson Gerald B , Letherer Theodore J , Beavers Kenneth W , Young Cathy D , Adelfinskaya Yelena A , Ross Ronald R , Whiteker Greg , Renga James
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

γ‐Amino butyric acid (GABA) antagonists are proven targets for control of lepidopteran and other pests. New heterocyclic compounds with high insecticidal activity were discovered using a competitive‐intelligence‐inspired scaffold‐hopping approach to generate analogs of fipronil, a known GABA antagonist. These novel aryl heterocyclic amines (AHAs) displayed broad‐spectrum activity on a number of chewing insect pests.

RESULTS

Through >370 modifications of the core AHA structure, a 7‐pyrazolopyridine lead molecule was found to exhibit much improved activity on a number of insect pests. In field trial studies, its performance was 2–4 times lower than commercial standards and also appeared to be species dependent, with good activity seen for larvae of Spodoptera exigua, but inactivity on larvae of Trichoplusia ni.

CONCLUSION

An extensive investigational biology effort demonstrated that these AHA analogs appear to have multiple modes of action, including GABA receptor antagonism and mitopotential or uncoupler activity. The limited capability in larvae of T. ni to convert the lead molecule to its associated open form correlates with the low toxicity of the lead molecule in this species. This work has provided information that could aid investigations of novel GABA antagonists. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Active saponins from root of Pueraria peduncularis (Grah. ex Benth.) Benth. and their molluscicidal effects on Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Yang ChunPing , Zhang Min , Lei Bo , Gong GuoShu , Yue GuiZhou , Chang XiaoLi , Sun XiaoFang , Tian Yue , Chen HuaBao
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Pueraria peduncularis (Grah. ex Benth.) Benth., which belongs to the Leguminosae family, exhibits resistance to many crop pests in agricultural production. Pomacea canaliculata is an important invasive snail in rice fields and causes severe yield losses. To evaluate the toxicity of P. peduncularis to P. canaliculata, in this study the molluscicidal activity of root extracts of P. peduncularis was tested against P. canaliculata; the active compounds were isolated, and the structures of these compounds were analysed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and mass spectral analysis.

RESULTS

Our results showed that the molluscicidal activity of the root crude extract differed between P. canaliculata with different shell diameters after treatment for 72 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 5.511 mg L−1 against snails of 1.5 ± 0.2 cm diameter and 12.383 mg L−1 against snails of 2.5 ± 0.2 cm diameter. Furthermore, two active ingredients isolated from root methanol extracts were identified as pedunsaponin A and pedunsaponin C. Both pedunsaponin A and pedunsaponin C showed strong molluscicidal activities, with LC50 values of 3.893 and 4.252 mg L−1, respectively, against snails with shell diameters of 1.5 ± 0.2 cm after treatment for 72 h.

CONCLUSION

Pueraria peduncularis extracts exhibit high molluscicidal activity and have great potential value for exploring a molluscicide to control Pomacea canaliculata. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Iron pnictide thin films: Synthesis and physics
Authors: Haindl Silvia , Kidszun Martin , Kampert Erik
Published: September 2016

Superconducting thin films play a prominent role in applications of superconductivity and provide an essential source for studying physical phenomena. Here, we summarize the activities for iron pnictide thin films with a focus on the German Special Priority Programme from 2009 until today. The quick availability of such films after the discovery of superconductivity in the iron‐based superconductors enabled a number of experiments. After a general introduction and a brief historical overview we focus on film synthesis of iron pnictides by a two‐step method and by pulsed laser deposition, the assessment of their application potential, the upper critical fields in iron oxypnictides of F‐doped LaOFeAs and F‐doped SmLaOFeAs and on superconductivity in Fe/BaFeAs heterostructures.
Emotions and Language Teacher Identity: Conflicts, Vulnerability, and Transformation
Authors: Song Juyoung
Published: September 2016

This study discusses how the shifting teaching context via globalization generates new demands for English language teachers, and how teachers' emotional responses to this shift affect their identity and practice. Based on interviews with five secondary English teachers in South Korea, the study presents these teachers' conflicted stories such as cover and secret stories regarding study abroad returnee students in their classrooms. These stories were analyzed in relation to teachers' emotional experiences of “vulnerability” (Lasky, 2005) to examine how vulnerability affects teachers' orientations to their ongoing professional development—contributing to or preventing their pedagogical and self‐transformation. Teachers who experienced the protective dimension evinced conflicted stories about returnee students, which is grounded in those teachers' own anxiety about their competence and the “sacred story” about the teacher as all‐knowing. The open vulnerability of other teachers, together with their confidence in personal language skills and practice, encouraged attentiveness to individual students and a curriculum of lived experience for both teachers and students. The emotional experiences described in this study allow the subjectivity of language teachers to be traced to its social and institutional contexts.
Disrupting ELL Teacher Candidates' Identities: Indigenizing Teacher Education in One Study Abroad Program
Authors: Kasun G. Sue , Saavedra Cinthya M.
Published: September 2016

In this article, the researchers describe and theorize the challenges and promises of exposing preservice teachers' identities to indigenous, critical second language teaching experiences in one study abroad program in Mexico. The eight teacher candidates who participated in this 4‐week program were predominantly white, like the majority of teachers of English language learners in the United States today. By analyzing teacher candidates' self‐assessments, course work samples, class discussions, focus group sessions, and ethnographic field notes, the researchers found three main themes of identity shifts: becoming socially aware, becoming empaths, and becoming creators of loving classroom spaces. These tentative changes appear to be the result of a carefully crafted curriculum, including the extracurricular activities organized in concert with the social justice language institute with whom the researchers partnered. At the same time, the teacher candidates' identities worked in tensions with former identities already created, such as being excellent “classroom managers.” The researchers show these tensions and realistic hopes regarding the teacher candidates. This program—and other alternatives to preparing preservice teachers attempting to work with culturally and linguistically minoritized communities—can serve as examples of beginning efforts to decolonize curricula. This critical approach to teacher preparation creates cracks between worlds (Anzaldúa, 2002) that allow preservice teachers to rethink their identities as second language teachers in local and global contexts.
A Quality Assessment Framework for Large Datasets of Container-Trips Information
Authors: Makridis Michail , Fidalgo-Merino Raúl , Cotelo-Lema José-Antonio , Tsois Aris , Checchi Enrico
Published: September 2016

Customs worldwide are facing the challenge of supervising huge volumes of containerized trade arriving to their country with resources allowing them to inspect only a minimal fraction of it. Risk assessment procedures can support them on the selection of the containers to inspect. The Container-Trip information (CTI) is an important element for that evaluation, but is usually not available with the needed quality. Therefore, the quality of the computed CTI records from any data sources that may use (e.g. Container Status Messages), needs to be assessed. This paper presents a quality assessment framework that combines quantitative and qualitative domain specific metrics to evaluate the quality of large datasets of CTI records and to provide a more complete feedback on which aspects need to be revised to improve the quality of the output data. The experimental results show the robustness of the framework in highlighting the weak points on the datasets and in identifying efficiently cases of potentially wrong CTI records.
A journal club for peer mentorship: helping to navigate the transition to independent practice
Authors: MacMillan Thomas E. , Rawal Shail , Cram Peter , Liu Jessica
Published: September 2016

The transition from residency to independent practice presents unique challenges for physicians. New attending physicians often have unmet learning needs in non-clinical domains. An attending physician is an independent medical practitioner, sometimes referred to as a staff physician or consultant. Peer mentorship has been explored as an alternative to traditional mentorship to meet the learning needs of new attendings. In this article, the authors describe how a journal club for general internal medicine fellowship graduates helped ease the transition by facilitating peer mentorship. Journal club members were asked to bring two things to each meeting: a practice-changing journal article, and a ‘transition to practice’ discussion topic such as a diagnostic dilemma, billing question, or a teaching challenge. Discussions fell into three broad categories that the authors have termed: trading war stories, measuring up, and navigating uncharted waters. It is likely that physicians have a strong need for peer mentorship in the first few years after the transition from residency, and a journal club or similar discussion group may be one way to fulfil this.
Peer attachment and class emotional intelligence as predictors of adolescents' psychological well‐being: A multilevel approach
Authors: Balluerka Nekane , Gorostiaga Arantxa , Alonso‐Arbiol Itziar , Aritzeta Aitor
Published: September 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze whether gender, age, peer attachment, and class‐level emotional intelligence could predict adolescents' psychological well‐being by applying a multilevel approach. The sample comprised 2182 secondary school students from the Basque Country (northern Spain) (from 118 classrooms, 51.6% girls), aged between 12 and 18 years. A two‐level model (with students nested into classes) was used to analyze the influence of three level‐one covariates (gender, age, and peer attachment) and one level‐two covariate (class‐level emotional intelligence) on the positive affect component of psychological well‐being. The results showed an overall decrease in well‐being as adolescents grow older, and an increase linked to a higher peer attachment. Furthermore, class‐level emotional intelligence showed a positive relationship with students' well‐being. This group‐level covariate also strengthened the effect of peer attachment on the well‐being. The advantages of using a multilevel approach for predicting mental health and psychological adjustment are discussed.
Brief report: Agreement between parent and adolescent autonomy expectations and its relationship to adolescent adjustment☆
Authors: Pérez J. Carola , Cumsille Patricio , Martínez M. Loreto
Published: September 2016

While disagreement in autonomy expectations between parents and their adolescent children is normative, it may also compromise adolescent adjustment. This study examines the association between parents' and adolescents' agreement on autonomy expectations by cognitive social domains and adolescent adjustment. A sample of 211 Chilean dyads of adolescents (57% female, Mage = 15.29 years) and one of their parents (82% mothers, Mage = 44.36 years) reported their expectations for the age at which adolescents should decide on their own regarding different issues in their life. Indexes of parent–adolescent agreement on autonomy expectations were estimated for issues of personal and prudential domains. Greater agreement in the prudential than in the personal domain was observed. For boys and girls, higher agreement in adolescent–parent autonomy expectations in the personal domain was associated with lower substance use. A negative association between level of agreement in adolescent–parent autonomy expectations in the prudential domain and externalizing behaviors and substance use was found.
Prognostic Importance of C-KIT Mutations in Core Binding Factor Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ayatollahi Hossein , Shajiei Arezoo , Sadeghian Mohammad Hadi , Sheikhi Maryam , Yazdandoust Ehsan , Ghazanfarpour Masumeh , Shams Seyyede Fatemeh , Shakeri Sepideh
Published: September 2016

Objective/background:

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is defined as leukemic blast reproduction in bone marrow. Chromosomal abnormalities form different subgroups with joint clinical specifications and results. t(8;21)(q22;q22) and inv(16)(p13;q22) form core binding factor- AML (CBF-AML). c-kit mutation activation occurs in 12.8–46.1% of adults with CBF leukemia. These mutations occur in 20–25% of t(8;21) and 30% of inv(16) cases.

Methods:

In this systematic review, we searched different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Selected articles were measured based on the inclusion criteria of this study and initially compared in terms of titles or abstracts. Finally, articles relevant to the subject of this review were retrieved in full text. Twenty-two articles matched the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review.

Results:

In this study, c-kit mutations were associated with poor prognosis in AML patients with t(8;21) and inv(16). In addition, these mutations had better prognostic effects on AML patients with inv(16) compared with those with t(8;21).

Conclusion:

According to the results of this study, c-kit mutations have intense, harmful effects on the relapse and white blood cell increase in CBF-AML adults. However, these mutations have no significant prognostic effects on patients.
The influence of cavity's diamond pattern on the performance of gas dynamic lasers
Authors: Tahsini A.M.
Published: September 2016

The gas dynamic laser is numerically studied using quasi-1D and 2D simulations to investigate the effect of diamond pattern of the supersonic flow field (inhomogeneities in density field) on the laser's performance. The system of governing equations is solved with a finite volume approach using a structured grid in which the AUSM+ scheme is used to calculate the convective fluxes. Vibrational temperature of different modes, population inversion and the small signal gain are studied, and the effect of the divergent nozzle's geometry at the maximum gain is analysed.
Hemorrhagic shock primes for lung vascular endothelial cell pyroptosis: role in pulmonary inflammation following LPS
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhao Yanfeng , Zhang Peng , Li Yuehua , Yang Yong , Yang Yang , Zhu Junjie , Song Xiao , Jiang Gening , Fan Jie
Published: September 2016

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) often renders patients more susceptible to lung injury by priming for an exaggerated response to a second infectious stimulus. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following HS and regularly serves as a major cause of patient mortality. The lung vascular endothelium is an active organ that has a central role in the development of ALI through synthesizing and releasing of a number of inflammatory mediators. Cell pyroptosis is a caspase-1-dependent regulated cell death, which features rapid plasma membrane rupture and release of proinflammatory intracellular contents. In this study, we demonstrated an important role of HS in priming for LPS-induced lung endothelial cell (EC) pyroptosis. We showed that LPS through TLR4 activates Nlrp3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains containing protein 3) inflammasome in mouse lung vascular EC, and subsequently induces caspase-1 activation. However, HS induced release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which acting through the receptor for advanced glycation end products initiates EC endocytosis of HMGB1, and subsequently triggers a cascade of molecular events, including cathepsin B release from ruptured lysosomes followed by pyroptosome formation and caspase-1 activation. These HS-induced events enhance LPS-induced EC pyroptosis. We further showed that lung vascular EC pyroptosis significantly exaggerates lung inflammation and injury. The present study explores a novel mechanism underlying HS-primed ALI and thus presents a potential therapeutic target for post-HS ALI.
Time distortions in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and theoretical integration
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Kapogiannis Dimitrios
Published: September 2016

Time perception is an essential function of the human brain, which is compromised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review empirical findings on time distortions in AD and provide a theoretical framework that integrates time and memory distortions in AD and explains their bidirectional modulation. The review was based on a literature survey performed on the PubMed and PsycInfo databases. According to our theoretical framework, time distortions may induce decline in the ability to mentally project oneself in time (i.e., mental time travel), and consequently may contribute to an episodic memory compromise in AD. Conversely, episodic memory compromise in AD may result in a loss of the ability to retrieve information about time and/or the ability to project oneself in subjective time. The relationship between time distortions and memory decline in AD can be jointly attributed to hippocampus involvement, as this brain area supports both time perception and memory and is preferentially targeted by the neuropathological processes of AD. Clinical implications of time distortions are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.