bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Discussion on Sovereignty through World Society Concept
Authors: Ndoj Dorina
Published: July 2017

Nowdays sovereignty is a very intensely contested and controversial concept. The changes in international realm had an increasing impact upon the sovereignty of states. For more than two decades scholars have shown a growing interest to adress the emerging challenges to sovereignty concept. After all, the question about how could genuinely be possible to respond to challenges toward sovereignty is still vibrant. This paper aims to discuss the challenges to state sovereignty within the English School Theory, particularly focusing in the debate between society of states and world society concepts. The main English School paradigm argues that society of states is the most effective social construction that promotes friendly coexistence between political communities, and therefore its main principles are already worldwide accepted. New events on international realm, such as humanitarian interventions, globalization and the growth of the international institutions and organizations, have affect the activity of the society of states, which is mainly based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality. Contemporary theorists of the English School have responded to challenges to state-centrism through the concept of world society, which emphasizes the importance of individual and transnational actors in world politics. The thesis of this paper argues that there is an overlapping between society of states and world society caused by impact these changes has on the sovereignty of states. In order to address the challenges to sovereignty, the paper seeks to provide a new theoretical framework through world society concept to a better explaination the current international practice and the need to redefine sovereignty. World Society is very helpful concept in addressing the issues of human rights agenda, globalization, non-state actors and deterritorialization, which have undeniable impact on sovereignty of state.
« Ce n'est pas Politique » - An Anthropological Approach of the Cognitive Relation Media/Politic
Authors: Myzeqari Irena , Dhima Aleksander
Published: July 2017

This article is part of a research project conducted by Prof.Dr. Aleksander Dhima, senior researcher and PhD candidate Irena Myzeqari, who are working together on behalf of the scientific projects organized and funded by the European university of Tirana. The aim of this project is to put light on some aspect of the medial reality in Albania regarding the sphere of public information, the political communication and with the absent democratic culture of transmitting this information. In this study are treated some theoretical and practical issues that are related with main features and elements of the political communication and with the handicap of communitarian communication that is completely absent in the Albanian cultural reality. Through a detailed anthropological analysis of actual performance of the political actors, this study tries to find some knots between their cultural “model” and the so called transparent “regime” of the political messages, especially during the electoral campaign. Based on a detailed analysis of the cultural indicators that cause the problematic actual co- dependence between media and politics in this country, this study aims to reassess whether is any real chances for an effective change in the field of collaboration between media and politics, and if so, which would be some of the possible mechanisms that would make this change possible. The impact of the findings, could serve as a methodological basis for answering why we have this state of collaboration between these two actors, an answer that could lead to other vectors of investigation in the future. In the study become clear the principal medial elements, that have influenced the political communication in the Albanian reality such as the fragility of the democratic process during transition; the centralizing motivation for public (non) engagement in decision making; limited freedom of thought and speech especially when referring to opinions articulated by scientific voices on political behaviour and ethics, as indicators conditioned by culture and other traditional factors of the social structure. Thanks to works conducted on the Albanian tradition, in the study are identified primary resources that generate authoritarian effects and negative consequences on these indicators.
Aggression and antisocial behaviors of Teenagers
Authors: Kruti Ida
Published: July 2017

Adolescence, is a period of life that is knowing and studying by many researchers for many years, has always been and remain the subject for many sciences. The adolescence is recognized as one of the most rapid moments of life, full of strong emotions and it is considered as the process of individuals maturing regard to the individual development. In this period of life teenagers will be accompany of the main phenomena as Aggressive and Antisocial behavior, that moment is a disturbing phenomena that is shacked and troubled Albanian family and society, which can appear in the form of verbal or physical. The object of my research is based on literature review of the adolescent aggression and antisocial behavior during development , including theoretical and empirical data in the Albanian society. During valuation is important to identify the functions and forms of aggression and Antisocial Behavior. At the time of dictatorship was talk very little about adolescence, about their desires and emotions. This kind of state cared to grow up the new man, worthy and the service of communist society. While teens studies today are getting more and more spread in our country. The methodology used in this analysis focus on articles, dissertations and current scientific studies of known as well as can the reality and trends of adolescent aggressive behavior in Albanian. Selection criteria include 1. Topics 2. Type of paper (books, magazine, dissertation) 3. Papers methodology 4. Year of publication. Were included in this study 10 books, 30 articles, 30 work degree. Eventually were selected from all of them 5 books, 5 articles and 10 Bachelor and Master degree to be included in this summary. Conclusions: This study is sheds light clearly on the lack of empirical scientific studies on understanding this phenomenon of adolescence Aggression and Antisocial in Albanian society, while these studies are very detailed in the world. The selected current studies have methodological problems and may not be comprehensive for whole Albania areas, where many lifestyle aspects are different. This summary allows raising questions that in the future research may guide right studies in this field
Italian Language in the Adult Class - Didactic Unit for Adults
Authors: Gjinali Aida
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to address foreign language and Italian respectively of the adult classes. Teaching in classes with adults is radically different from teaching in classrooms with children and teenage, this occur because students typology to teach is quite another. Teaching adults is a topic which is not studied enough because the teaching for this age group is often taken for granted. So, while teaching children and adolescents we can find countless of studies that adults age does not enjoy this privilege. The branch that deals with the study of teaching adults is Andragogy. Teaching adults depends on many factors, as an adult that has a formative his own bag round which certainly we cannot overlook. Adults also need to be clarified about the objectives of teaching, because they need to know the values that will have the information that they would take in a certain course. In a language class with adults it has a great importance the role of teacher too. He is not the pedagogical teacher but andragogic hence its formation must be such that it should recognize quite well each method, technique of teaching adults. Our paper aims to provide also a didactic unit in order to provide a practical approach to language teaching, near adult classes taking into account the psychology age their requirements and their needs
The protection of the rights of Roma community, social policies and Albanian legal and institutional framework for their implementation
Authors: Baraku Irma , Hoxhaj Entela
Published: July 2017

A considerable number of minorities, including Roma, live in Albania. The improvement of legislation and policies on minorities is one of the measures that our country has projected to take within the five priorities of the European Commission to Albania. Albania has approved legislation in conformity with international acts and has established mechanisms for the protection from discrimination of Roma people. The protection of minorities is guaranteed by the Albanian Constitution and the laws that provide for the respect of their rights. Albania has a large institutional framework for the protection of the rights of Roma people. The recognition of these institutions has a fundamental importance in realizing the protection of their rights. Each institution has its part of responsibility but the cooperation and coordination between them is essential to providing the best possible results. For the implementation of strategic documents that were adopted in our country is required cooperation and coordination of actions between central and local government. The issue of housing, the access to the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights, the promotion of the employment of Roma, remain significant problems. The equality bodies face three challenges in dealing with cases of discrimination against Roma: (i) positive measures, (ii) strengthening of NGOs in decision-making, (iii) service respect to diversity and promoting equality
The Analysis of Interpersonal Conflict Resolution Approaches of University Students by Grade Level and Gender
Authors: Avcı Abdülkadir , Aydaş Bilge , Arlı Özgür
Published: July 2017

Purposes of this study are to examine the interpersonal conflict solving approaches of university students and to detect whether these preferences changes according to grade level and gender. The sample of the study involves data obtained from 200 students from Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Education in 2009-2010 academic year spring term. Survey is used as data collection method of the study and "conflict communication scale" made by Goldstein (1999) is revised to Turkish by Arslan,2005 as "interpersonal conflict solving approach scale" is used as scale instrument. According to this, interactions in conflict process consist of Confrontation, Public/Private Behavior, Emotional Expression, Conflict Approach/ Avoidance, Self- Disclosure approaches which focus on communication styles in communication process. ANOVA and t-test statistics analysis are made to investigate the alteration of students interpersonal conflict management approaches according to grade level and gender. Study results point out that "confrontation" approach scores are the highest and "Public/Private Behavior" approach scores are the lowest according to others. There are significant differences between "conflict approach/avoidance" approach scores of first and fourth grade students and "Public/Private Behavior" approach scores between second and third grade and third and fourth grade students. When it was analyzed with the perspective of gender, it is concluded that there is a significant differences in favor of male students in approach scores of "Public/Private Behavior" and "confrontation".
Investigating the Twin Deficits in Albania
Authors: Kalaj Ermira , Mema Mithat
Published: July 2017

This paper focuses on the direction of causality between budget deficit and current account deficit in Albania based on Granger causality tests. We use annual macroeconomic data for the period from 1992 to 2014. Before proceeding with the empirical analysis we test for unit root, the non-parametric Phillips-Peron test is conducted. The classical Granger test is extended including control variables such as private investment and savings, exchange rates, inflation rate, and interest rate. Empirical results support the evidence of a causal link between the twin deficits. In this sense fiscal budget cannot be considered as a fully controlled variable. A fiscal policy has important macroeconomic implications in the foreign trade indicators. To further investigate on the robustness of our results we examined the causal link between budget deficit and current account deficit based on the simultaneous equation. Results still persist in the bidirectional relationship between these two deficits.
Teaching Contemporary and the Role of the Teacher in the Classroom with the Student Centered
Authors: Vadahi Fatmir , Ceka Dritan , Jaku Anila
Published: July 2017

Major changes occurring in the last session in the field of technical and technological tools and recent International Development in the field of education have made a fundamental change in contemporary teaching. Traditionally in Albania education is conducted in the traditional manner teacher was the one who had the main burden while the students were told otherwise spectator or regular headphones. Various changes and reforms in the education field has necessitated changing the way of teaching and have made changes. Today education conditions have changed and taking into account the various investment funds, whether from government or various international organizations have made the traditional method has been implemented to date in Albania be replaced with modern teaching method or the method with different spoken teacher in class with the student center. Today modern teaching techniques have made teaching more attractive for students but also for teachers. Work instructional techniques develop students' creativity, freedom in expression, convenience class. Also classroom setting has a special significance, because it helps to escort students among themselves and work in groups through modern techniques and learning is more productive for students. Modern techniques are very important factor in the work of teachers today they assist their learning except that they also help influence the creativity of the students in the classroom, or otherwise the students to feel the comfort of the people in the class.
Creative Thinking -Perception of Teachers in Relation to its Importance
Authors: Haxhihyseni Shqipe
Published: July 2017

Creative thinking is an important element in the process of education and social development, but little treat in teaching practice. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the factors that encourage creativity of the child and the factors that constrain it, mainly in the educational environment, thinking that the way the teacher perceives creative mind plays an important factor in the development or diminishing its . Drawing on contemporary literature review on the topic provided the theoretical foundations that support the development of creative thinking and through surveys of teachers will emerge problems with the perception of teachers about creative thinking and its importance in the development of students. Results of the study show that the perception of teachers for the form of thinking that should encourage the students is an important factor to help students increase their chances to get in the right way at teaching knowledge and use it productively creative in their future.
Issues of Small States in the Age of Globalization
Authors: Llunji Venera
Published: July 2017

The twentieth century has been characterized by the rise of nationalism in many parts of the world especially in the countries which lived under socialism and/or communism. Under socialism and/or communism, countries comprising of multi- ethnic groups lived in peace and cooperated and as such decreasing the possibility for any conflict. The collapse of communism and socialism in these countries of the Eastern Europe created opportunities for different forces to mobilize and capture state power mainly because these states turned into ineffective and weakened ones, as was the case with the former Yugoslavia where the ethno-national forces rose and caused ethnic strife and civil war which completely destroyed the society. The question which arises is why? Why did the destruction happen? Being a multiethnic and multinational society of different cultures, languages, history and religions, it entered into a war causing thousands of dead people, thousands of injured, destruction of properties and suffering of the people. Civil war in former Yugoslavia resulted with the partition of Yugoslavia into small independent states. But over the past few years, several changes have exposed difficulties upon these small independent states to recover fully from the harshness of the war: economic crisis, immigration, integration. IN addition, European countries have opened the doors to a new era of development, that of globalization which has been accepted mainly as the free movement of goods, services and people. Thus, this paper will deal with issues that small states face in the age of globalization.
Philosophy of Peace as a Developmental Alternative of Society
Authors: Baça Ferit
Published: July 2017

The knowledge of history, the knowledge for the lives of people of the world and especially the knowledge of our people, the knowledge of the viewpoints of philosophers, politicians and theoreticians about peace, as a spiritual and universal value, even today remains the orientation compass towards it. On the one hand, the aspiration of these people and nations creates the existential condition for a long lasting and a permanent peace. From the other hand, the existence of wars, regional and global conflicts in different times brings in the tables of philosophers, diplomats and statesmen the need of engagement in theoretical, political, juridical and practical level. The idea that “Peace is a concept that refers to the lack of a conflict, but at the same time represents a wider concept that refers to security in social relations or economic welfare, the equality and justice in political relations of a state, in lack of war or in lack of a conflict”, witnesses the complex nature of peace. Another definition of peace even refers to keeping balances in human relations, tolerance and solving problems through dialog and deals. But above all this rationalizing and paradigms, peace is a dominating element in democracy because it is related to honor and guarantee of freedom and basic human rights. The concept of peace, couldn’t escape from different interpretations, varying on the historic-cultural level of society. That’s why the topic “Philosophy of peace – developmental alternative of society” aims to bring into light the role and the importance of peace in the development of human society.
A Current Overview of the Anatolian Bathroom Culture and Equipment in Terms of Design
Authors: Pekşen Selahattin
Published: July 2017

Physical hygiene has been of importance since the existence of human being. Human being has tried to solve this problem as the problems of nourishment, housing, making life easy against nature, and making life meaningful. Human being has developed an important culture for thousands of years. Human being learning how to make a fire in the Stone Age (Neolithic age) started to worship smoke and water vapor. Human being believed in purifying with vapor or smoke. We see that people started to allocate space to bathing areas in their residences after they began permanent settlement.1 Thanks to the obtained findings, we know that they produced solutions to wet spaces and established transportation systems for clean and waste water. We see the first examples of those in Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and in Hittite in Anatolia. We see that spaces functioning as “bath rooms” or bathing places in gymnasiums in Ionia and Greece were converted into multipurpose social building societies in Rome; and they came to be “bathhouses” having social function and forming bathhouse cultures in Seljuk and Ottoman cultures. At the present time, general bathrooms (bathhouses) lost their importance and acquired new usage functions and approaches. They are one of the absolute must units of the spaces, particularly of residential spaces. They are special and elaborate spaces where the individual prepares himself for the day. Surface covering of bath spaces is ceramic. It is natural that equipments of special and elaborate spaces are also special and elaborate, which is the case at the present time. It has many dimensions from quality safety to aesthetical variety; and these phenomena are main problematic side of design of bath space, its materials and equipments.
The Religious Cults of the Albanian Faith during the Early 20th Century
Authors: Stavre Benita , Papa Erinda
Published: July 2017

During the early twentieth century, Albania was visited by various British and American people who were eager to know about the curious features of this little country’s particular life. They had heard of it in their homeland and chose to trace a reality that was much different from the one they were used to. The materials they wrote and published, constitute a reliable source of information, whose analysis from the modern perception draws a picture of the life almost a century ago. This paper aims to describe the particular context of the relation that Albanian people had created with God and the way the religious life was shaped through the traditional rituals of the country. A few of the arguments that will be analyzed are: the way the religious faith was integrated in the daily activities, the religious tolerance in the state policies and the way it was reflected in the life context, religious attitudes due to the historical development of the past centuries, the influence of the new entries of the ‘30s, the restricted intercourse of the northern Albanians due to their geographical isolation and the pagan rituals and symbols of the traditional ceremonies. The Albanian way of worshiping seems to have been shaped by life pragmatism, social equilibrium and personal honesty. Nothing can describe it better than the people who lived with it for some time and were able to define it from a different mental perception. The description may supply modern insight of the particular attitude that this country reflected in early in the past century.
Muslim Father's Rights in Determining His Minor Child's Conversion to Islam in Malaysia
Authors: Kusrin Zuliza Mohd , Hamjah Salasiah Hanin , Sham Fariza Md
Published: July 2017

Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Federal Constitution of Malaysia. For children, their rights to freedom of religion are mentioned in Article 12(4) of the Federal Constitution. However, there is conflict of law, i.e. between the civil law and Sharia Law, in some cases involving the child's conversion to Islam, following the conversion of his or her parents. This article aims to discuss on provisions of the Federal Constitution on the child's right to the freedom of religion. The discussion also elucidate on the father's right in determining his minor child's conversion to Islam. The methodology used in gathering relevant data is content analysis. Data was gathered from Sharia Laws, legal provisions, law journals and reported cases relevant to the issue. The data has been analyzed descriptively. The discussion discovered that civil court has competent jurisdiction in hearing cases that involves issues of conversion of children following the conversion of only his/her father or mother. In earlier cases of conversion to Islam, it was decided that the minor child's religion is following the religion of his or her converted father/mother. However, in the later cases the court has decided that the religion of the children is remain as the religion of their parents, before the conversion to Islam.
Albanian Universities and e - Learning
Authors: Bekteshi Luan
Published: July 2017

Today’s society is undergoing great transformations in every sector. One of the most important transformations of the social life is the making of technology and internet available to masses. The technology and internet have also visibly transformed the education sector. The society is facing continuous challenges related to the competition, globalisation and the demand from the job market for qualified employees. These challenges go by side by side with the transformation of the education sector, where a great deal is being invested on the use of ICT, mass education, and the introduction of new methods and tools of teaching. The use of ICT and e-Learning is an important challenge faced by Albanian universities in the mission to improve the quality of teaching, students’ results, and mass education, and achieve the necessary standards. Priorities like equal access to education and lifelong learning would be only slogans without the use of ICT and e-Learning. Polls and interviews were conducted for this study, to obtain a view of the use of e-Learning and the approach to e-Learning in Albanian universities, and also of the government and universities policies. Conclusions of this study are obtained by processing data from questionnaires filled by lecturers in some of the main Albanian universities.
ABA Based Intervention Implemented by a Mother of a Child with ASD
Authors: Sulaj Migen
Published: July 2017

Over the past 15 years there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of autism. In 2014 the American Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network reported estimated prevalence rates for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to be 1 in 68. At the same time, the number of professionals qualified to coordinate effective behavioral interventions has been limited and often prohibitively expensive. Several recent studies that include randomized trials have shown very promising results for involving parents of very young children with autism to integrate evidence-based strategies into daily routines with positive effects on core symptoms of the disorder. The present article shows that additional to staff treatment outcomes, positive treatment outcomes provided by parent involved in therapy are possible. The purpose of this case study article is to promote parent involvement in early intervention programs for children with autism. The objective is to open a new discussion on potential ways for better treatment outcomes hoping to propose a more economic model for a poor country like Albania.
Institutional Work in Total Institutions and the Perspective of the Persons that Have Lived in Residential Treatment Institutions
Authors: Krajnčan Mitja , Bajželj Boštjan
Published: July 2017

Institutional work includes all kinds of psychosocial assistance that offers, to people that need them, living environments and immediate environments adapted to their age, problems, disorders, and state. The diversity and dilemmas of institutional work represent the central theoretical discourse that the authors are researching in the explanations of the total institution, the exact answers regarding the help the youth that involuntarily find themselves in such institutions receive. The continued development of the discourse logically proceeds into deinstitutionalisation. Semi-structured interviews of adults that have spent their youth in such institutions represent the empirical part of the research. Extreme psychosocial pressures make the youth deviate away from goal orientation and the purpose of the institutions’ operations. So, additionally, the authors have gathered a collection of good and bad experiences to bring attention to the many imperfections that should not be self-evident. The key problems that people that have stayed in such institutions a decade ago would like to give light to are the non-existence of logic and specific learning and practical competences that would benefit them in the life outside of the institution. They also stressed the lack of using the quality relations that had been established in the institution as support in post-treatment.
Gender Equity at Work and the Role of the Legal Factors in Albania
Authors: Hoti Alma
Published: July 2017

Gender equity in general, and gender equity in the context of workand work relations, has been and remains an important issue, which is sensitive and open for debate.For many scholars the gender equity is the product of social nature factors and those of economic nature . There are also many scholars who associate the degree of gender equity to the role of national or international legal factors, which consist in the role of instruments, actors, and legal institutions. What could explain the upward-downward dynamics of Gender Equity at Work (GEW) observed in Albania? The extent at which the legal factors have determined the dynamics of GEW in Albania reflects the role and degree of influence of the legal instruments, the legislative, the executive, and judiciary. What we observed in the case of Albania are two realities: 1) the availability of the necessary tools guaranteeing the GEW and 2) the active role of the legislature, the judiciary and the executive. This paper analyzes the role of instruments, legislative laws, acts of the executive, and the judiciary decisions for the period 2006-2014, and it concludes that although legal factors have a positive impact in guaranteeing GEW, the latter and its upward-downward trends in Albania, more than with the role and influence of legal factors can and should be explained with the role and influence of social and cultural factors. Gender equity at work in Albania, more than a matter of instruments, laws of the legislative, acts of the executive, or judicial decisions, it remains at a considerable degree a matter of culture and behavior of the individual on a personal level, of the social group , or that of the state institutions.
The Fragmentation of the Ethnic Segments in Plural Societies –the Macedonian Case
Authors: Bakiu Qashif , Sela Ylber
Published: July 2017

In cases where different parts of society live in geographical proximity, but in social aspect separated, the appearance of segmentation is one of the characteristics. Establishing the segments is done mainly on the ethnic grounds, but there are religious, linguistic, and racial based cases as well. Such a social phenomenon is present in Macedonia, wherein this phenomenon is more reflected in the relation between two major communities, the Macedonian and Albanian communities. If merely on social indicators researched so far, we can conclude that the ethnic communities are fragmented to a very high degree, that the same have no common ground, especially the one of political – party common ground. The previous conclusion is the presence of ethno-party pluralism. In this paperwork, in practical terms, our aim is to prove the high degree of fragmentation of ethnic segments in political action plan, respectively that of political party, as well as to determine the lines of expectations of the process flow, in view of the partisan multi-ethnic interaction or inaction. The measurement level of the fragmentation of segments is done by two sociological surveys (with approximately 1,000 respondents) specific to this case, for both ethnic communities, having involved the other ethnicities as well. Meanwhile, apart from other age groups, a special approach is made to the youngest age group, defining the two target groups of 18-25 and 25-30 years. Other reasons influencing the stagnation of partisan inter-ethnic cooperation have been part of this treatment as well.
Should a Human Right Discourse be Applied to Labour Standards?
Authors: Shirzad Morteza
Published: July 2017

Whether a rights discourse should be applied to labour standards, entails addressing two issues. Firstly, what are the philosophical grounds for labour rights and whether they are human rights at all? Even if they cannot be regarded as human rights, should they be applied strategically? While, there is no single comprehensive theory identified to provide sufficient grounding for all labour rights, this paper argues, firstly, that labour rights certainly lack characteristics of universal human rights since they are time-bound and place-bound. Secondly, while recognising the relatively large strategic turn to human rights discourse by labour scholars and labour organisations, this paper argues that this is not a universally applicable strategy and in fact in some contexts application of human rights discourse is counterproductive. The paper, thus, concludes that not only deploying human rights approaches when it comes to countries authoritarian contexts are not effective, but also it is highly likely to be counterproductive, since human rights discourse needs public rights awareness public and authoritarian contexts lack this awareness.
The Indices of Creative Cities: the Global and Local Aspects
Authors: Kačerauskas Tomas
Published: July 2017

The paper deals with the indices of creative cities. Author analyses the different creativity indices suggested by both the followers and the critics of R. Florida. The author criticizes the Florida’s indices such as Bohemian, Melting pot, Gay, High tech, Innovation, Talent indices, as well as Minor integrative (diversity) and Major integrative indices. The indices of other authors presuppose the questions about the role of the region in defining certain creativity indices. The author makes conclusion that the uniform formula of creativity indices is impossible for two reasons. First, the creativity indices depend on the region of a city. Second, the very strategy to have the uniform creativity indices makes the cities similar to each other and no more unique, consequently, no more creative; as result, this strategy is anti-creative.
Jalabi Practice: a Critical Appraisal of a Socio-Religious Phenomenon in Yorubaland, Nigeria
Authors: Musa Afiz Oladimeji , Ibrahim Hassan Ahmad
Published: July 2017

Jalabi is an extant historical phenomenon with strong socio-religious impacts in Yorubaland, south-western part of Nigeria. It is among the preparatory Dawah strategies devised by the Yoruba Ulama following the general mainstream Africa to condition the minds of the indigenous people for the acceptance of Islam. This strategy is reflected in certain socio-religious services rendered to the clients, which include, but not limited to, spiritual consultation and healing, such as petitionary Dua (prayer), divination through sand-cutting, rosary selection, charm-making, and an act of officiating at various religious functions. In view of its historicity, the framework of this research paper revolves around three stages identified to have been aligned with the evolution of Jalabi, viz. Dawah, which marked its initial stage, livelihood into which it had evolved over the course of time, and which, in turn, had predisposed it to the third stage, namely syncretism. Triangulation method will be adopted for qualitative data collection, such as interviews, personal observation, and classified manuscript collections, and will be interpretively and critically analyzed to enhance the veracity of the research findings. The orality of the Yoruba culture has greatly influenced the researcher’s decision to seek data beyond the written words in order to give this long-standing phenomenon its due of study and to help understand the many dimensions it has assumed over time, as well as its both positive and adverse effects on the socio-religious live of the Yoruba people of Nigeria.
The Copyright in Albania and its Legal Protection under National Law
Authors: Spahiu Artan , Spahiu Fatma
Published: July 2017

It is a fact that the entire history of existence and development of human society has been founded on products of intellectual creativity of the human mind, which have been used to solve different problems of the time.We all have witnessed how the human imagination in the world has made possible the development in the field of science, technology and especially in Arts. Scientific innovations and the artistic activities, such as the music, painting or literature are created by individuals who have the ability to see and to express things in new and innovative ways.Intellectual property is a legal term that refers to the special protection, reserved by the law to the product shaped by human ideas, such as scientific and technological inventions or the artistic works. First of all, the intellectual property is considered a non-material asset that can be sold, bought, exchanged, licensed, etc., as well as any other property. On the other hand, it is considered as a personal exclusive right of the owner. Under intellectual property laws, the owner of intellectual property is granted the right to stop any infringement, unauthorized intervention or activities in relation to his property. One of the most important intellectual property rights is the copyright, which is the object of study of this article. The Copyright and the related intellectual rights, specially provided by the domestic normative framework, constitute relatively new legal institutes to Albanian reality. The Copyright in Albania presents special features because on the one hand it’s facing a normative regulation which aspires to get closer to international standards, but in practice it’s facing a insufficient and ineffective protection by the competent state authorities.
The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Selmani Bashkim , Maksuti Bekim
Published: July 2017

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.
The Role of Human Resources, Respectively Employment in the Sustainability of the Pension System in Kosovo
Authors: Shaqiri Nexhmedin
Published: July 2017

The study will focus on the evaluation of social indicators (indicators of population, unemployment rate, employment rate, etc.) and economic development in view of the socio-economic stability of Kosovo. The impact of the financial resources of pension funds in the quality of payment of pension annuities will be presented as key factors in the socio-economic stability of Kosovo. The research question is "How does the human potential, respectively employment or economic development in pension funds, impact on the sustainability of Kosovo's pension system". The theoretical basis of this study will focus on the study of human resources, employment theories and theories of economic development. Methods that help the study of this problem include the extraction of indicators to provide information which serves to measure the factors that indicate the point of crossing the threshold of socio-economic stability. The key finding of the analysis is the impact of human resource potential in the economic development of Kosovo and its impact on the sustainability of the pension system in Kosovo. From the results obtained conclusions will be drawn on the assessment of current economic development, the proper use of human resources, the assets of pension funds and employment requirements. From a critical evaluation connected to this theme, the findings will serve to make the necessary suggestions for changes and improvement of the problem.
Media in the Education of Children
Authors: Elmazi Rovena , Koci Ledina
Published: July 2017

Nowadays media has developed broadly and it consists of several television networks, press, radio, etc. On the one side, such media development has positive impact, but on the other side, it has negative impact which affects education and formation of new generations. As a basketballer and trainer of young ages I will focus in the role of media in the education of children from the sports point of view. Technological and economic development after the ‘90s brought with it a new approach: - unequal broadcasting of television programmes for all the sports disciplines, because in our country, for economic interests, only football is covered and such abuse goes to the point of using the term “sports news” and the only news is about football, or even Albanian sports newspaper in which the only information is about football. Wouldn’t it be better to say “Albanian football” instead?! The contrary one finds in the “Albanian sports” which pages cover all sports. Moreover, such phenomenon has negative impact on the education of generations that increasing are dreaming about football, spend money about football, avoid other alternatives thinking that football is the only way to have a luxury living, being rich and famous.
The Effect of Formative Assessment on Students' Success
Authors: Kondri Besarta Zhaku
Published: July 2017

Assessment is an important part of teaching and learning process. Moreover, it is a dynamic process which changes continuously. Formative assessment is a part of the assessment process in general. This paper studies the effect of formative assessment in students’ success. This study took place in the primary school Nuri Mazari, Struga, Macedonia. In the study participated 115 students who learn English as a foreign language. They are not the same grade, they are sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grade students. The participants will be divided into two groups based on their gender. In order to see the effect of formative assessment, students' success before the application of formative assessment will be compared with their success after the application of formative assessment. After the first month, the teacher will take notes about the students’ grades, which will be considered as initial data for this study, during the next two months, the teacher will apply the formative assessment. Then, the teacher will give them a final grade based on students’ success during the application of formative assessment. The difference in students' grades before and after the study took place makes the effect of formative assessment more obvious. The data gathered in this study will be analyzed with SPSS program.
THE REAL POWER OF THE SOCIAL MEDIA, THE INTERPRETATION OF THE ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION WAYS, AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE TURKISH ASSISTANCE DURING THE KOSOVO
CRISES
Authors: Krasniqi Njomza
Published: July 2017

As it is always with new inventions in human history the role they play in their early stages is mostly none acknowledged before they make a more widespread impact. The social media is one of them. Due to the new aspects that this relatively new kind of media its role is mostly negligee in favors of the more vastly popular other forms. In the kind of era that we live technology means that the place where we get the information is irrelevant in the grand scheme of the things, however that does not mean that the impact is lesser or higher. To make the example more clear even though a news that the currency is going to raise or lower in the USA- for example its mostly limited to the USA citizens it has a dire impact in the rest of the world, but even though the means for this news is the generic media, the ones to give the means to understand and make amends to prepare for the consequences to the rest of the world. Due to this kind of functionality is always difficult to separate where the generic forms of the media begin and where the social media begin. What is interesting is that this function of social media begins since the first forms of the internet and it’s just more pronounced nowadays. As an example of this functionality the more prominent one is the way Turkey interfered in the Kosovo Crises. More than the generic news and political affiliation at the time the most impact in the public opinion did the social media. This paper is a research in this regard. It’s not very detailed and it shows a general picture of the situation and only deal with the main aspects of the behavior of the social media, however is a beginning which shows the great impact all forms of communications, especially the social media.
The Civil War in Syria and the International Response
Authors: Kodra Luljeta
Published: July 2017

Both parties involved in the civil war in Syria, reached to secure the support of other states and the control over considerable parts of the territory, but none of them could trigger a comprehensive military defeat against the other. The cost of the conflict where government forces as well as armed rebels continue to commit atroccities has been shocking. Security Council with regard to the problem of Syria was divided between a majority who wanted a strong response to implement the Responsibility to Protect and some who did not want. The debate between Western democracies was based on the fact if foreign governments should militarily intervene in Syria, being that they thought military intervention could aggravate the conflict and could increase the sufferings of ordinary Syrians. However individual countries and regional organizations took actions to maintain their responsibility to protect. The use of the veto by the permanent members of the Security Council to prevent the implementation of the "Responsibility to Protect " which aims to end the massive atrocities is inconsistent with the goals of the United Nations and makes the Security Council inappropriate on the situation when his involvement to resolve conflict situations is an urgent need. State sovereignty can no longer constitute an unrestricted license to mass killings and other atrocity crimes.