bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biodiversitas Belalang (Acrididae : Ordo Orthoptera) pada Agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan Ekosistem Hutan Tanaman
Authors: Prakoso Bagas
Published: September 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman belalang (Acrididae: Ordo Orthoptera) pada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman serta menentukan peran belalang pada kedua ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survai lapangan. Parameter yang diamati pada setiap lokasi meliputi keanekaragaman vegetasi tumbuhan, pengumpulan belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera dan pengamatan langsung terhadap belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera. Keanekaragaman belalang yang ditemukan pada ekosistem dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman meliputi: indeks keanekaragaman (H’), kemerataan (E) dan indeks kesamaan sorensen (C) serta analisis korelasi dan regresi. Sampel diambil dari agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman yang selanjutnya diulang sebanyak empat kali. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April s/d Juli 2014. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 3.097 individu Orthoptera yang termasuk dalam Famili Tetrigidae, Acrididae dan Pyrgomorphidae yang terdiri dari 7 genus yaitu Atractomorpha, Criotettix, Gesunola, Hesperotettix, Miramella, Oxya, dan Valanga dengan 7 spesies. Pada agroekosistem ditemukan 3 spesies dengan 1.030 individu sedangkan pada hutan tanaman ditemukan 5 spesies dengan  2.067 individu. Hasil nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Weinner pada ekosistem hutan tanaman nilai keanekaragamannya lebih tinggi (0,6307) jika dibandingkan dengan agroekosistem (0,5325). Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka ekosistem hutan tanaman memiliki biodiversitas belalang yang lebih tinggi daripada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.).
Multi-path Data Distribution Mechanism Based on RPL for Energy Consumption and Time Delay
Authors: Zhu Licai , wang Ruchuan , Yang Hao
Published: September 2017

The RPL protocol is a routing protocol for low power and lossy networks. In such a network, energy is a very scarce resource; so many studies are focused on minimizing global energy consumption. End-to-end latency is another important performance indicator of the network, but existing research tends to focus more on energy consumption and ignore the end-to-end delay of data transmission. In this paper, we propose a kind of energy equalization routing protocol to maximize the surviving time of the restricted nodes so that the energy consumed by each node is close to each other. At the same time, a multi-path forwarding route is proposed based on the cache utilization. The data is sent to the sink node through different parent nodes at a certain probability, not only by selecting the preferred parent node, thus avoiding buffer overflow and reducing end-to-end delay. Finally, the two algorithms are combined to accommodate different application scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed three improved schemes improve the reliability of the routing, extend the lifetime of the network, reduce the end-to-end delay, and reduce the number of DAG reconfiguration.
Principal Mismatch Patterns across a Simplified Highly Renewable European Electricity Network
Authors: Raunbak Mads , Zeyer Timo , Zhu Kun , Greiner Martin
Published: September 2017

Due to its spatio-temporal variability, the mismatch between the weather and demand patterns challenges the design of highly renewable energy systems. A principal component analysis is applied to a simplified networked European electricity system with a high share of wind and solar power generation. It reveals a small number of important mismatch patterns, which explain most of the system's required backup and transmission infrastructure. Whereas the first principal component is already able to reproduce most of the temporal mismatch variability for a solar dominated system, a few more principal components are needed for a wind dominated system. Due to its monopole structure the first principal component causes most of the system's backup infrastructure. The next few principal components have a dipole structure and dominate the transmission infrastructure of the renewable electricity network.
Special Issue on Cutting Edge of Reinforcement Learning and its Hybrid Methods
Authors: Takadama Keiki , Miyazaki Kazuteru
Published: September 2017

Machine learning has been attracting significant attention again since the potential of deep learning was recognized. Not only has machine learning been improved, but it has also been integrated with “reinforcement learning,” revealing other potential applications, e.g., deep Q-networks (DQN) and AlphaGO proposed by Google DeepMind. It is against this background that this special issue, “Cutting Edge of Reinforcement Learning and its Hybrid Methods,” focuses on both reinforcement learning and its hybrid methods, including reinforcement learning with deep learning or evolutionary computation, to explore new potentials of reinforcement learning.

Of the many contributions received, we finally selected 13 works for publication. The first three propose hybrids of deep learning and reinforcement learning for single agent environments, which include the latest research results in the areas of convolutional neural networks and DQN. The fourth through seventh works are related to the Learning Classifier System, which integrates evolutionary computation and reinforcement learning to develop the rule discovery mechanism. The eighth and ninth works address problems related to goal design or the reward, an issue that is particularly important to the application of reinforcement learning. The last four contributions deal with multiagent environments.

These works cover a wide range of studies, from the expansion of techniques incorporating simultaneous learning to applications in multiagent environments. All works are on the cutting edge of reinforcement learning and its hybrid methods. We hope that this special issue constitutes a large contribution to the development of the reinforcement learning field.
Approach to Clustering with Variance-Based XCS
Authors: Zhang Caili , Tatsumi Takato , Nakata Masaya , Takadama Keiki ,   The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan,   Yokohama National University 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Japan
Published: September 2017

This paper presents an approach to clustering that extends the variance-based Learning Classifier System (XCS-VR). In real world problems, the ability to combine similar rules is crucial in the knowledge discovery and data mining field. Conventionally, XCS-VR is able to acquire generalized rules, but it cannot further acquire more generalized rules from these rules. The proposed approach (called XCS-VRc) accomplishes this by integrating similar generalized rules. To validate the proposed approach, we designed a bench-mark problem to examine whether XCS-VRc can cluster both the generalized and more generalized features in the input data. The proposed XCS-VRc proved to be more efficient than XCS and the conventional XCS-VR.
Reinforcement Learning Approach for Adaptive Negotiation-Rules Acquisition in AGV Transportation Systems
Authors: Nagayoshi Masato , Elderton Simon J. H. , Sakakibara Kazutoshi , Tamaki Hisashi ,   Niigata College of Nursing 240 Shinnan-cho, Joetsu, Niigata 943-0147, Japan,   Toyama Prefectural University 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan,   Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we introduce an autonomous decentralized method for directing multiple automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in response to uncertain delivery requests. The transportation route plans of AGVs are expected to minimize the transportation time while preventing collisions between the AGVs in the system. In this method, each AGV as an agent computes its transportation route by referring to the static path information. If potential collisions are detected, one of the two agents chosen by a negotiation-rule modifies its route plan. Here, we propose a reinforcement learning approach for improving the negotiation-rules. Then, we confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach based on the results of computational experiments.
A Social Network Analysis of the Financial Links Backing Health and Fitness Apps
Authors: Grundy Quinn , Held Fabian , Bero Lisa
Published: September 2017

Objectives. To identify the major stakeholders in mobile health app development and to describe their financial relationships using social network analysis.

Methods. We conducted a structured content analysis of a purposive sample of prominent health and fitness apps available in November 2015 in the United States, Canada, and Australia. We conducted a social network analysis of apps’ developers, investors, other funding sources, and content advisors to describe the financial relationships underpinning health app development.

Results. Prominent health and fitness apps are largely developed by private companies based in North America, with an average of 4.7 (SD = 5.5) financial relations, including founders, external investors, acquiring companies, and commercial partnerships. Network analysis revealed a core of 41 sampled apps connected to 415 other entities by 466 financial relations. This core largely comprised apps published by major technology, pharmaceutical, and fashion corporations. About one third of apps named advisors, many of whom had commercial affiliations.

Conclusions. Public health needs to extend its scrutiny and advocacy beyond the health messages contained within apps to understanding commercial influences on health and, when necessary, challenging them.
Development of a Statewide, Publicly Accessible Drug Overdose Surveillance and Information System
Authors: Marshall Brandon D. L. , Yedinak Jesse L. , Goyer Jonathan , Green Traci C. , Koziol Jennifer A. , Alexander-Scott Nicole
Published: September 2017

In response to Rhode Island’s overdose epidemic, we developed a collaborative, statewide online “dashboard” to provide the public with timely overdose surveillance data. The Web site— www.PreventOverdoseRI.org (PORI)—offers user-friendly data visualizations, plain language education, and interactive resource maps.

Development of the site has improved overdose data sharing and transparency in Rhode Island. Preliminary results suggest a successful site launch.

Future research will evaluate the effectiveness of PORI in terms of informing strategic initiatives to reduce overdoses in affected communities.
Legacies of 1917 in Contemporary Russian Public Health: Addiction, HIV, and Abortion
Authors: Rivkin-Fish Michele
Published: September 2017

I examine the legacies of Soviet public health policy and the socialist health care system and trace how the Soviet past figures in contemporary Russian policymaking and debates about drug use, HIV, and abortion. Drug policies and mainstream views of HIV reflect continuities with key aspects of Soviet-era policies, although political leaders do not acknowledge these continuities in justifying their policies.

In abortion policy, by contrast, which is highly debated in the public realm, advocates represent themselves as differing from Soviet-era policies to justify their positions. Yet abortion activists’ views of the past differ tremendously, reminding us that the Soviet past is symbolically productive for arguments about Russia’s present and future.

I describe key aspects of the Soviet approach to health and compare how current drug policy (and the related management of HIV/AIDS) and abortion policies are discursively shaped in relation to the Soviet historical and cultural legacy.
Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Distal Humeral Fractures
Authors: Barco Raul , Streubel Philipp N. , Morrey Bernard F. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin
Published: September 2017

Background:

Total elbow arthroplasty is commonly considered for elderly patients with comminuted distal humeral fractures. Satisfactory short-term outcomes have been reported, but long-term outcomes are unknown. Our purpose was to assess the long-term outcomes of total elbow arthroplasty after distal humeral fracture and to determine differences between elbows with or without inflammatory arthritis at the time of fracture.

Methods:

Forty-four total elbow arthroplasties were performed after distal humeral fracture; those patients were followed for a minimum of 10 years and were evaluated with regard to pain, motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Scores, complications, and reoperations. The outcomes in elbows with and without inflammatory arthritis were compared. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed.

Results:

Total elbow arthroplasty provided good pain relief and motion; the mean visual analog scale for pain was 0.6, the mean flexion was 123°, and the mean loss of extension was 24°. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 90.5 points, with 3 patients scoring <75 points. Five elbows (11%) developed deep infection, treated surgically with component retention (3 acute) or resection (2 chronic). Implant revision or resection was performed in 8 elbows (18%): 3 for infections (1 reimplantation and 2 resections), 3 for ulnar loosening (associated with periprosthetic fracture in 1), and 2 for ulnar component fractures. Additional periprosthetic fractures were observed in 5 elbows. The survival rates for elbows with rheumatoid arthritis were 85% at 5 years and 76% at 10 years, and the survival rates for elbows without rheumatoid arthritis were 92% at both 5 and 10 years. The most relevant risk factor for revision was male sex (hazard ratio, 12.6 [95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 93.6]).

Conclusions:

Selective use of total elbow arthroplasty to treat fractures of the distal part of the humerus for infirm, less active older patients and patients with inflammatory arthritis has acceptable longevity in surviving patients, but at the cost of a number of major complications.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Vascular Injury on Functional Outcome in Knees with Multi-Ligament Injury
Authors: Sanders Thomas L. , Johnson Nicholas R. , Levy Nathan M. , Cole Peter A. , Krych Aaron J. , Stuart Michael , Levy Bruce A.
Published: September 2017

Background:

Multi-ligament knee injury (MLKI) associated with knee dislocation can result in vascular injury. The purpose of this study was to compare knee function after MLKI between patients with a vascular injury requiring popliteal artery bypass grafting and patients without vascular involvement. Additionally, factors associated with poor knee function in patients who had MLKI with vascular injury were evaluated.

Methods:

This retrospective study identified patients with an MLKI between 1992 and 2014. Each patient who had a concomitant vascular injury requiring bypass grafting (vascular cohort, n = 16; mean age, 30.3 years) was matched to 2 patients without a vascular injury (control cohort, n = 32; mean age, 31.4 years) on the basis of age, knee dislocation (KD) grade, and peroneal nerve status. Fifteen patients in the vascular cohort and 26 patients in the control cohort had an isolated knee injury. Functional outcomes were assessed with physical examination of range of motion and ligamentous stability as well as patient-reported outcome scores.

Results:

The vascular cohort had a mean Lysholm score of 62.5 points (range, 16 to 100 points) and a mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score of 59.7 points (range, 14.9 to 100 points) at a mean (and standard deviation) of 8.3 ± 5.0 years after surgery. The control cohort had a mean Lysholm score of 86.4 points (range, 51.0 to 100.0 points) and a mean IKDC score of 83.8 points (range, 35.6 to 100.0 points) at a mean of 6.0 ± 4.0 years. The vascular cohort had significantly lower Lysholm (p = 0.001) and IKDC (p = 0.002) scores than the control cohort. A body mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/m2 was predictive of lower IKDC (p = 0.0009) and Lysholm (p = 0.0008) scores.

Conclusions:

Patients who sustain an MLKI with an associated popliteal artery injury requiring bypass grafting have significantly lower knee function scores than patients without vascular involvement. This information can be used to help counsel patients with combined multiple ligament and popliteal artery injuries.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Weed control in soybean with preemergence‐ and postemergence‐applied herbicides
Authors: Oliveira Maxwel C. , Scott Jon E. , Knezevic Stevan Z. , Feist Dave , Eskelsen Steve
Published: September 2017

The addition of effective herbicide sites of action in preemergence (PRE)‐ and postemergence (POST)‐applied programs could improve the effectiveness of weed control in soybean. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of several herbicides and herbicides premixes applied PRE‐only and POST‐only for control of 11 troublesome weed species in eastern Nebraska. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/497.
Low soil phosphorus and potassium limit soybean grain yield in Ohio
Authors: Brooker Aaron P. , Lindsey Laura E. , Thomison Peter R. , Culman Steven W. , Subburayalu Sakthi K.
Published: September 2017

A soil survey was conducted in Ohio with the following objectives: (i) to assess the status of soil fertility; (ii) to examine soybean grain yield in areas with fertility levels in the build‐up range, where soil test levels were less than the critical level (CL); the maintenance range, where soil test levels were between the CL and maintenance limit (ML); and the drawdown range, where soil test levels were greater than the ML; and (iii) to determine if the soil test and yield data collected support the state‐established fertility recommendations. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/496.
Climate considerations for cover crops: Recent research from the U.S. Northeast and Canadian Prairies
Authors: Hmielowski Tracy
Published: September 2017

While cover crops have been shown to be beneficial in many systems, they may not work everywhere for everyone. Climate may be one predictor of how well cover crops will work. In temperate climates, cover crops can reduce runoff in snowmelt and spring rains by scavenging excess nutrients in the soil. In dry regions, where there is less concern of nutrient loss, cover crops could have negative impacts, such as reducing soil moisture and not decomposing rapidly enough for cash crops to benefit. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/507.
Effect of vertical stratification of soil phosphorus on Phosphorus loading into Lake Erie
Authors: Hmielowski Tracy
Published: September 2017

With the help of CCAs, a recent study in the Sandusky River watershed in Ohio was conducted to determine the extent of phosphorus (P) stratification, or the accumulation of P in the upper level of the soil, in area soils and its potential contribution to increased dissolved reactive P loading to Lake Erie. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/493.
Ammonium removal by native microbes and activated sludge within the Jialu River basin and the associated microbial community structures
Authors: Zhang Guangyi , Yu Luji , Liu Panlong , Fan Zheng , Li Tingmei , Chen Tao , Zhang Xiaojing
Published: September 2017

To explore the availability of native microbes and activated sludge for ammonium removal, the native microbes and activated sludge in Jialu River basin were investigated in terms of ammonium-removing activities and their microbial communities using spectrophotometry and high-throughput sequencing. NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN) in the targeted river ranged from 2.45 ± 1.76 to 8.56 ± 2.54 mg/L and from 3.42 ± 2.79 to 13.49 ± 5.06 mg/L, respectively. Both the native microbes and activated sludge had strong ammonium-removing activities with the removal efficiencies of more than 94%. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that, after five batches of operation, the class Gammaproteobacteria (28.55%), Alphaproteobacteria (14.55%), Betaproteobacteria (13.89%), Acidobacteria (8.82%) and Bacilli (7.04%) were dominated in native community, and there was a predominance of Gammaproteobacteria (21.57%), Betaproteobacteria (16.33%), Acidobacteria (12.41%), Alphaproteobacteria (10.01%), Sphingobacteriia (6.92%) and Bacilli (6.66%) in activated sludge. These two microbial sources were able to remove ammonium, while activated sludge was more cost-effective.
A Comparative Study of Synthetic Approaches Towards Total Synthesis of Mandelalide A, An Anti-Lung Cancer Metabolite From Lissoclinum Ascidian
Authors: Shabir Ghulam , Saeed Aamer
Published: September 2017

The aim of this review is to provide a detailed account of the total synthetic approaches
toward glycosylated Macrolide A. Mandelaide A was isolated from Lissoclinum
Ascidian species found in Algoa Bay, South Africa and has been reported to exhibit potent
cytotoxicity against a human lung cancer and a mouse neuroblastoma cell line. We have
summarized the maneuvers in each paper by graphically detailing the synthesis, and associated
reaction niceties, of only the key intermediates prepared by each research group.
Fascinating structural feature of mandelalide A is a 24-membered α,β-unsaturated macrolactone,
which contains a conjugated diene, a trisubstituted tetrahydrofuran (THF) segment,
and a trisubstituted tetrahydropyran (THP) moiety attached to an unusual carbohydrate
unit, 2-O-methyl-α-L-rhamnose. The macrolide is decorated with twelve challenging
stereocenters being the part of oxygen containing heterocyclic rings. The total synthesis of mandelalide A involves
a variety of renowned reactions which include Prins cyclization for the diastereoselective construction
of tetrahydropyran subunit, Rychnovsky-Bartlett cyclization for the diastereoselective construction of tetrahydrofuran
moiety, construction of the tetrahydropyran segment, Suzuki coupling, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons
(HWE) macrocyclization, Shiina-type macrolactonization, Sonogashira cross-coupling, Silver catalyzed cyclizations,
alkyne metathesis and glycosylation to append the L-rhamnose-derived pyranoside. This review provides
a critical account along with a comparison of the synthetic efforts directed to this important natural product
and its analogues.
Beverages Consumption is not Related to Weight Status Among Adolescents Living in the Capital of Jordan
Authors: Al-Awwad Narmeen J. , Tayyem Reema F. , Allehdan Sabika S. , Agraib Lana M. , Al-Mannai Mariam , Musaiger Abdulrahman O.
Published: September 2017

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents has increased
dramatically during the past decades, in most developing and developed countries. This study aimed to
evaluate the beverage intake among Jordanian adolescents and to investigate the possible associations
between beverage consumption and weight status.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted at government and private schools in Amman city,
the capital of Jordan. Seven hundred and ninety five adolescent students (400 boys and 395 girls) aged
15-18 years were recruited using a multistage stratified sampling method. Students were asked to
complete a validated questionnaire to assess their beverage consumption during school year 2013-
2014. Students' body weight was categorized as non-obese and obese according to the International
Obesity Task Force standard.

Results:

The average beverage consumption was found to be significantly higher in Jordanian adolescent
boys than in girls. However, both boys and girls had similar beverage consumption frequencies
except for whole milk and sweetened coffee with or without milk or non-dairy coffee creamer. The
boys consumed 1-2 cups of whole milk and sweetened coffee with or without milk or non-dairy coffee
creamer/day (58.5% and 55.5% respectively), while the girls consumed less than one cup/ day of
whole milk and sweetened coffee with or without milk or non-dairy coffee creamer/day (57.7% and
49.9% respectively). No significant associations were established between the investigated beverage
consumptions and the weight status for Jordanian adolescents.

Conclusion:

Although beverage consumption was significantly higher in Jordanian adolescent boys
than girls, it was not associated with the obesity among Jordanian adolescents.
Pareto Optimal Design of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of NDCo3O4 Nanofluids by MOPSO and NSGA II Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Esfe Mohammad Hemmat , Hajmohammad Mohammad Hadi , Wongwises Somchai
Published: September 2017

Background:

Achieving a nanofluid with optimal thermal conductivity and viscosity is
one of the main problems of applications of nanofluids in industries.

Methods:

There are experimental and theoretical methods to reach an applicable nanofluids with
mentioned characteristics. Surely, experimental methods are not optimal in time and cost($) aspects.
So, in the present study multi-objective optimization of nanofluids ND-Co3O4 is done to find the
optimal solid volume fraction for having maximum thermal conductivity and minimum viscosity.
The response surface methodology (RSM) is used to model target functions using empirical data.
The improved non- dominated sorting method and multi-objective particle swarm optimization are
used as powerful tools for optimization. In order to implement the optimization process, the obtained
target function model is joined to multi-objective particle swarm algorithm and it is used in each step
of the target function evaluation.

Results:

The obtained results of these two algorithms are presented in the form of Pareto front. Also,
a comparison between them is provided. According to the optimal results, MOPSO has a better performance
that the other one.

Conclusion:

It will be shown that the highest thermal conductivity and the lowest viscosity occur at
the maximum temperature. By investigating obtained optimum results, the optimal point with highest
thermal conductivity and lowest viscosity was found at about 60 °C and 0.1 to 0.11 of solid volume
fraction.
Measuring the Monetary Value of Dental Implants for Denture Retention: A Willingness to Pay Approach
Authors: Sendi Pedram , Bertschinger Nadine , Brand Christina , Marinello Carlo P. , Bucher Heiner C. , Bornstein Michael M.
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

Two interforaminal dental implants in is a common treatment option for denture retention in edentulous patients. Economic methods to assess the patient’s quality of life include the willingness to pay (WTP) for implant treatment and willingness to accept (WTA) to forgo implant treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the monetary value of implant retained complete dentures using WTP and WTA.

Methods:

We included a convenience sample of 16 patients from a previously published cohort study on the survival of immediately loaded implants in edentulous patients to assess WTP and WTA for this treatment option.

Results:

The average maximum WTP for implant treatment was 4606 (95% CI: 2991-6222) Swiss Francs. Out of the 16 patients, only 5 were willing to trade their implants for money, with a mean WTA of CHF 33'500 (range: 3000-100'000). All patients would agree to undergo the implant surgery procedure again.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study show that most patients are not willing to trade the increase in quality of life after implant surgery against money, suggesting that WTA exceeds by large WTP for the same health condition.
Diversidad y estructura genética de Quercus crassifolia en sitios de manejo forestal y uso local en Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca
Authors: Gorgonio Ramírez Montserrat , Clark Tapia Ricardo , Campos Contreras Jorge , Montalvo Reyes Alejandro , Alfonso Corrado Cecilia Liana
Published: September 2017

Los encinos desempeñan un importante papel ecológico, social y económico, no obstante, son escasos los estudios que evalúan el efecto de las actividades humanas sobre las poblaciones de especies del género Quercus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad genética en poblaciones en sitios con aprovechamiento de leña para uso local y sitios de manejo forestal de Quercus crassifolia en Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca, para brindar información básica para la conservación y manejo de la especie. Se emplearon ocho microsatélites nucleares en 12 poblaciones (seis de aprovechamiento para uso local y seis sometidas a manejo forestal). Los resultados obtenidos indican que la especie presenta en promedio una moderada diversidad genética (He = 0.764 ± 0.014), sin diferencias significativa entre los sitios con uso local y manejo. Se encontró una baja diferenciación genética entre poblaciones (FST = 0.025 ± 0.047 y RST = 0.157 ± 0.135) debido a un flujo génico moderado (Nem = 6.7) que favorece la ausencia de loci bajo selección direccional. El aprovechamiento excesivo de individuos afecta la retención y regeneración de la especie, que a futuro puede incidir negativamente en la variación genética y en los procesos de diferenciación entre poblaciones. Este estudio aporta información esencial que será útil para la toma de decisiones en actividades de conservación y planes de manejo para Q. crassifolia en Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca.
On the Optimal Use of Revenues from a CO2 Tax and the Importance of Labor Market Conditions
Authors: Pereira Alfredo Marvão , Pereira Rui Marvão
Published: September 2017

This paper focuses on the environmental, economic and budgetary impacts of a carbon tax in the presence of mixed recycling strategies and a detailed modelling of labor market conditions, both employment and involuntary unemployment. This focus matches the terms of the policy debate in many small energy-importing economies. The revenue-recycling policies that appear most promising are those that use carbon tax revenue to finance investment tax credits, reductions in social security contributions and reductions in personal income taxes. Although none of these mechanisms would individually lead to simultaneous improvements in the three margins, a mixture of the three would. Our sensitivity analysis suggests that labor markets conditions are a critical factor in determining the possibility of generating these positive effects. Ignoring labor supply responses, employment and unemployment effects leads to systematic underreporting of the three dividends and thereby undermines the political viability of environmental tax reform. 
Analysis of the Energy Sector in Paraguay. Energy Balance in terms of Useful Energy 2011
Authors: Buzarquis Enrique , Amarilla Raúl , Riveros Estela , Fernández Félix
Published: September 2017

The present work focuses on the analysis of the Paraguayan energy sector starting from the first Energy Balance in Useful Energy of Paraguay, elaborated through a joint project between Itaipu Binacional and the Itaipu Technological Park Foundation - Paraguay, with the collaboration of the Bariloche Foundation - Argentina, taking as base year 2011. The analysis examines the situation of the Paraguayan energy sector in hydroelectric energy, as well as the other components of the Energy Mix. Through the study of the different sectors of energy consumption, these being Residential, Industrial, Transportation, Agriculture and Forestry, and Commercial, Services and Public. The paper also summarizes the energy efficiency initiatives that have been implemented in some sectors, as well as other measures that are expected to be implemented to encourage the rational use of energy in all its sources. Finally, as a complement, the main results of the update to the year 2013 of the Energy Balance in Useful Energy used for the elaboration of National Energy Prospective, basis for the formulation of the Energy Policy Paraguay 2040.
Planeacion y ejecucion de trayectorias en un robot Delta
Authors: Florez Vergara Diego Edisson , Castro Riveros Fabian Camilo , Castillo Estepa Ricardo Andres
Published: September 2017

Este documento explica como implementar un algoritmo matematico adecuado en un manipulador paralelo (Robot Delta) de gran uso en la industria para facilitar su uso en las distintas tareas que este tenga que ejecutar.
Generalización de un método de integración a través de factorizaciones
Authors: Castro Pérez Jaime
Published: September 2017

Como se sabe, cada método de integración sólo funciona para ciertos tipos o clases de funciones y no existe un método capaz de expresar la integral indefinida de cualquier función en términos de funciones elementales. En este artículo, mostramos una alternativa, basada en factorizaciones, para integrar cierta clase de funciones que, en ciertos casos, puede resultar una mejor herramienta que los métodos comúnmente usados. Como una aplicación de esa técnica resolvemos una clase particular de ecuaciones diferenciales del tipo                           , donde   es la tasa de crecimiento relativa de  respecto a . También resolvemos ejemplos para ilustrar este método y compararlo con los resultados que se obtienen utilizando  Wolfram Alpha y una calculadora TI.
Control Global del Péndulo con Rueda de Reacción Empleado Redes Neuronales Artificiales y Linealización Extendida
Authors: Montoya Giraldo Oscar Danilo , Ramírez Vanegas Carlos Alberto , Grisales Noreña Luis Fernando
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se presenta el diseño y la simulación de un controlador híbrido de dos etapas para el péndulo invertido con rueda de reacción (RWP). En la primera fase se realiza el modelado general del brazo pendular a través de un modelo no lineal que determina la energía almacenada en la planta, y usando una estrategia de balance conocida como regulación de energía (RE), se obtienen los datos necesarios para el entrenamiento de una red neuronal artificial (RNA). En la segunda etapa, por medio de un sistema de conmutación suave, se intercambia el control neuronal por un controlador basado en la linealización extendida de las variables de estado (LEVE), con lo cual se garantiza la permanencia del péndulo en la región de operación. La estrategia de control propuesta, muestra un excelente desempeño ante fenómenos de perturbación externa y garantiza la operatividad global del sistema físico.
Diseño, construcción y simulación de la automatización de una máquina selectora de tuercas según su tamaño.
Authors: Villada Molina Oscar Ferney , Hincapié Marin Omar Andres , Henao Castaño Francisco Javier
Published: September 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo  el diseño y construcción de una máquina clasificadora de tuercas, centrándose principalmente en la separación de acuerdo a su tamaño, empleando un sistema de clasificación por medio de planos inclinados y aplicando principios básicos de vibraciones mecánicas junto con la fuerza de la gravedad. Teniendo en cuenta, algunos parámetros previamente establecidos tales como ángulo de inclinación, separación entre planos y la frecuencia de vibración.
Necesidad de conceptos básicos para investigar en Matemática Financiera.
Authors: PLAZA GALVEZ LUIS FERNANDO
Published: September 2017

Por medio de esta propuesta, se presenta una reflexión sobre los procesos de enseñanza de Matemática Financiera, en los diversos programas de Ciencias Sociales,y la forma como los profesores que tienen la dirección del curso, brindan las herramientas necesarias para llevar a cabo una investigación en el área, luego de detectarse ausencia de conceptos básicos. La Matemática Financiera, debe ser mirada como un curso de origen en las ciencias exactas y no como un instrumento del formulismo, y dar la oportunidad a que sus instructores tengan formación académica de pregrado y/o posgrado en Matemática.
Investigación de las Concepciones Alternativas sobre Ácidos y Bases en Estudiantes de Secundaria
Authors: CARRIAZO José G. , Jiménez Aponte Flor María , Molina Caballero Manuel Fredy
Published: September 2017

Este trabajo presenta la exploración de las concepciones alternativas, sobre los conceptos de ácido y base, en estudiantes de grados octavo y noveno de educación secundaria.  La información establece de manera concreta la necesidad de intervenir la ejecución del currículo con estrategias que mejoren la integración del conocimiento cotidiano con el saber científico alrededor de los conceptos de ácido y base. Se observó el aislamiento de los conceptos estudiados con el lenguaje químico, la reactividad química y los procesos biológicos fundamentales.
Medición del impacto en la rentabilidad dada la implementación de un sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la empresa americana de curtidos LTDA. & CIA. S.C.A
Authors: Vasquez Artunduaga Santiago , Correa Ruiz Juan Carlos , Hincapié Palmezano Luis Eduardo
Published: September 2017

El presente artículo, resultado de la investigación titulada: MEDICION DEL IMPACTO EN LA RENTABILIDAD DADA LA  IMPLEMENTACION DE UN SISTEMA DE GESTION EN SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO EN LA EMPRESA AMERICANA DE CURTIDOS LTDA. & CIA. S.C.A,  desarrolla una metodología completa que permite identificar los aspectos que mayor generan costos por el pago de conceptos relacionados con la gestión de salud y seguridad en el trabajo en la empresa antes relacionada, dado que no cuentan con la implementación del Sistema de Gestión en Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional en la Norma OSHAS 1800:2007 hasta el año 2013, se pronostican estos costos al 2014, así como también se proyectan Los Estados Financieros de la empresa; posteriormente y a partir de una tasa de reducción[1] aplicada a estos estados financieros atribuible a la implementación del Sistema de Gestión en Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, recalculados estos estados financieros (Simulando la implementación del SG-SYSO[2]) para el año 2014, se comparan y se concluye en función de la rentabilidad de la empresa antes de la implementación del SG-SYSO y después de esta, así mismo se analiza en particular el comportamiento de los Gastos Operacionales (Pues en estos están los costos debidos al SG-SYSO).
Solución del problema de ruteo capacitado considerando efectos ambientales mediante una técnica híbrida
Authors: Galindres Guancha Luis Fernando , Toro Ocampo Eliana Mirledy , Escobar Zuluaga Antonio
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se propone el uso de una metodología híbrida para resolver el problema de ruteo de vehículos capacitado CVRP (Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem) considerando efectos ambientales. El problema se resuelve bajo la estrategia de rutear primero y asignar después. La etapa de ruteo se resuelve de forma exacta mediante un modelo lineal entero. La etapa de asignación se realiza aplicando un algoritmo genético modificado que considera la secuencia encontrada en la etapa anterior como punto de partida para generar la población inicial. La función objetivo a optimizar corresponde a la minimización de distancia-peso recorrido a lo largo de la ruta, como indicador de impacto ambiental. La metodología se valida con casos de prueba de la literatura especializada
Determinación de la resistencia a la corrosión de los biomateriales Ti6Al4V y 316L, mediante análisis gravimétrico.
Authors: Tristancho Reyes José Luis , Holguín Patiño María Paulina , Peña Ballesteros Darío Yesid
Published: September 2017

Al ser considerado un biomaterial como un material de aplicación biológica que debe ser capaz de entrar en contacto directo con tejidos vivos durante largos periodos de tiempo con la finalidad de completar una estructura específica, mejorando su funcionalidad, sin deteriorarse ni afectar al organismo que lo recibe y que además los fluidos corporales son extremadamente hostiles con ellos, se comparó, durante el desarrollo de la presente investigación, el comportamiento ante el ataque corrosivo de los biomateriales Ti6Al4V y 316L al ser expuestos en solución salina (3,5%W), lactato de ringer y una solución fisiológica simulada compuesta de NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-MgCl2.6H2O-K2HPO4-NaHCO3-(CH2OH)3CNH2, mediante análisis gravimétrico,  determinando que después de 3600 horas de ensayo no se observó cambio notorio el peso de los especímenes sometidos a ensayo.
Planeación de la Expansión de la Transmisión con Reforzamiento de la red a partir de la evaluación de la confiabilidad
Authors: Gonzalez cabrera Nestor , Fuerte Ledezma L. Fernando , Alcaraz Guillermo Gutiérrez
Published: September 2017

Uno de los principales factores para la planeación de la transmisión se establece a partir de diversos criterios como la minimización de los costos de inversión, operación o ambos, además de criterios de confiabilidad en la generación, en el sistema de transmisión o en el sistema compuesto generación-transmisión. En este trabajo se resuelve el problema de expansión de la transmisión (PET) estático, el problema de expansión es formulado mediante Programación Entera Mixta (MIP, Mix Integer Programming). El problema se resuelve en dos fases secuenciales: la primera fase resuelve el PET mediante GAMS la segunda fase evalúa la confiabilidad del plan de expansión óptimo y se adicionan nuevas líneas a fin de reducir los índices de confiabilidad hasta un valor definido o cero. La principal aportación en este trabajo es la implementación en Matlab-GAMS para la solución al PET considerando la evaluación de la confiablidad. Para mostrar la efectividad de la metodología se utiliza el sistema de 6 nodos de Garver y el sistema escandinavo de 12 nodos..
Estudio de la energía superficial y hemocompatibilidad del Ti y TiN sintetizados por Magnetron Sputtering para aplicaciones médicas
Authors: Gomez Diana Alexandra , Ruden Muñoz Alexander , Gonzalez Juan Manuel , Sequeda Federico
Published: September 2017

Se simularon computacionalmente  y sintetizaron los materiales Ti hexagonal y TiN fase cubica, para mostrar su posible aplicaciones como biomaterial. Las simulaciones computacionales realizadas utilizando Teoría de Funcionales de Densidad (DFT) muestran la tendencia hidrofóbica de estos materiales lo que los hace candidatos para una aplicación biomédica, por la facilidad de interacción con el tejido humano. Por medio de la técnica Magnetron Sputtering DC, se sintetizaron los recubrimientos de Ti y TiN sobre sustratos biocompatibles de acero inoxidable AISI 316L, analizando la hemocompatibilidad; se demostró que el recubrimiento de Ti posee mayor energía interfacial lo cual promueve alta probabilidad de formación de trombos respecto al sustrato biocompatible 316L y el recubrimiento de TiN.
Tipos de trabajo en las medianas empresas: estudio teórico y empírico
Authors: Zapata Rotundo Gerardo José
Published: September 2017

El presente trabajo de carácter cuantitativo, ofrece los resultados parciales de una investigación llevado a cabo en una población de medianas empresas del estado Lara, Venezuela, y que abarcó un grupo de variables de diseño organizativo[1]. En este caso, correspondió determinar los tipos básicos de trabajo que están presentes en las empresas objeto de estudio. Se parte de una revisión bibliográfica que permitió describir las características del trabajo y que luego se hicieron operativas mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario diseñado para tal fin. Los datos obtenidos en el trabajo de campo, fueron procesados a través de estadística multivariante. Entre los resultados se destaca la presencia de tres tipos básicos de trabajo: (a) complejo y sometido a cambios frecuentes, (b) complejo y no sometido a cambios frecuentes, y (c) sencillo y no sometido a cambios frecuentes[1]Centralización, formalización, especialización de tarea, sistema de incentivos y tipos básicos de trabajo.
Diseño, control y gestión de un Interconectado entre medellín y Bogotá a través de una red de fibra Dwdm Óptica de última tecnología
Authors: Sánchez Céspedes Juan Manuel , Ramos Moyano Camilo , Herrera Cubides Jhon Francined
Published: September 2017

En este artículo se describe el diseño de una red de fibra óptica entre Bogotá y Medellin, cuyo objetivo principal es optimizar el ancho de banda por la tecnología DWDM. El diseño fue realizado con equipos de transmisión óptica OSN 6800 con la última tecnología, que puede manejar hasta 80 longitudes de onda. Además, esta red utiliza nodos de control y software de gestión de red a través de T2000, que se utiliza en la prestación de servicios en las redes ópticas reales. La contribución más importante de este artículo es su carácter práctico, ya que puede ser utilizado por los lectores como una herramienta para orientar el diseño de las redes ópticas para la transmisión de datos, el uso de dispositivos comerciales y los principales parámetros que se consideran en cualquier diseño.
Los Comité de Ética de la Investigación y las publicaciones científicas
Authors: Góngora Orjuela Agustín
Published: September 2017

Una vez finalizada la segunda guerra mundial y ante los horrores vividos, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, proclamó la Declaración Universal de los derechos humanos, que en el artículo 27 consagra "La participación en la vida cultural y del progreso científico y de los beneficios derivados del mismo, de igual manera "de la protección de los derechos morales y materiales que le correspondan por las producciones científicas". A lo anterior, se sumaría la declaración de Helsinki de la Asociación Médica Mundial, que definía las bases para que el protocolo de una propuesta de investigación se sometiera a un órgano independiente para su "consideración, comentario, y orientación", dando así nacimiento a lo que se conoce hoy en día como "Comités de Ética de la Investigación".
Resultados preliminares de la fecundidad y fertilidad del camarón de agua dulce Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862)
Authors: Aya - Baquero Elizabeth , Betancourt Katerine
Published: September 2017

Título en ingles: Preliminary results of the fecundity and fertility of freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862)Título en portugues: Resultados preliminares da fecundidade e fertilidade de água doce camarão Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) Resumen: Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), es un camarón de la familia Palaemonidae. Vive en zonas litorales de ríos, caños y lagunas. En Colombia no se han realizado investigaciones en esta especie, por tal motivo el presente trabajo tiene como propósito estudiar la fecundidad y fertilidad para conocer sus ventajas como especie acuícola. Se monitorearon manualmente hembras ovígeras de M. amazonicum en la estación piscícola los guayabos ubicada en la vereda el medio del municipio de Restrepo-Meta con el fin de determinar su fecundidad y fertilidad. Para el estudio de la fecundidad se tuvo en cuenta el estadío de desarrollo II utilizado por Wehrtmann (1990), los huevos fueron retirados de los pleopodos con una pinza y colocados en solución Gilson, durante 10 días luego fueron contados manualmente. Para la determinación de la fertilidad se tuvo en cuenta la coloración de los huevos y el avanzado estado de desarrollo del embrión. Para los dos parámetros evaluados se registraron datos de longitud total (mm) y peso (g) de cada hembra. El valor máximo de fecundidad y fertilidad observado por hembra fue de 519 huevosy 458 larvas respectivamente; los cuales son muy bajos comparados con los reportados por Sampaio et al, 2004 que fueronde 2193huevos y 2194 larvas. Aunque los resultados preliminares muestren estos valores por debajo de los encontrados por otros autores, esta especie presenta una ventaja como es, la de encontrársele en reproducción durante todo el año, lo cual podría compensar su baja fecundidad y fertilidad y hacerla viable para cultivo.Palabras clave: Biología reproductiva; fecundidad; fertilidad; Macrobrachium amazonicum.Key words: Reproductive aspects; reproductive biology; fecundity; fertility; Macrobrachium amazonicum.