bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МИСТЕЦТВО ВИКЛАДАННЯ БІЗНЕС-АНАЛІТИКИ ДЛЯ МЕНЕДЖЕРІВ
Authors: Двуліт Зоряна Петрівна , Мазник Ліана Валеріївна , Кіцера Наталія Іванівна
Published: January 2025

У статті розглядаються сучасні підходи до викладання бізнес-аналітики для менеджерів в умовах цифрової трансформації та глобалізації бізнес-середовища. Основна увага приділяється вдосконаленню методик викладання, які б сприяли формуванню в майбутніх менеджерів ключових технічних та аналітичних навичок, здатності ефективно працювати з великими обсягами даних, застосовувати аналітичні інструменти та приймати обґрунтовані управлінські рішення. У роботі акцентується на важливості розвитку soft skills, таких як критичне мислення, комунікація та креативність, що дозволяють адаптуватися до викликів сучасного бізнесу. Наведено огляд успішних практик у викладанні бізнес-аналітики, включаючи методику storytelling, кейс-методи та практичні завдання з використанням програмних інструментів (Power BI, Tableau, Excel). Результати дослідження допомагають зрозуміти роль інтегрованого підходу в підготовці висококваліфікованих фахівців.
Ключові слова: бізнес-аналітика, менеджери, прийняття рішень, навчання, аналітичні навички, візуалізація даних, стратегічне мислення
ГЕНДЕРНА ПОЛІТИКА У БАГАТОНАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ЕКІПАЖАХ МОРСЬКОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ
Authors: Бойко Анна Дмитрівна
Published: January 2025

Сучасна морська індустрія є однією з найбільш міжнародних галузей, де відбувається тісна взаємодія між людьми різних національностей, культур, мов та гендерів. У контексті глобалізації і сучасних тенденцій розвитку морської сфери важливу роль відіграє гендерна політика в екіпажах, яка стає все більш актуальною через підвищену увагу до прав людини, рівності та інклюзивності. У цьому контексті особливо важливо забезпечити рівність між чоловіками і жінками на борту, усуваючи стереотипи та створюючи умови для продуктивної співпраці.
Ключові слова: морська індустрія, гендерна політика, алгоритм, безпека, морська сфера, безпека на морі, професійна кваліфікація, безпека судноплавства, безпека плавання, морський та річковий транспорт, екіпаж, освіта, наставництво, культура, стать, судно, судноводіння.
РЕЗИДЕНЦІЯ ДАНИХ СУЧАСНИХ БІЗНЕС ПЛАТФОРМ, ЇХ СИСТЕМ АУТЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТЕХНІЧНОЇ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ В ГЛОБАЛЬНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ INTERNET
Authors: Богом’я Володимир Іванович , Черемісіна Любов Олександрівна , Ярмолатій Андрій Вікторович , Бараненко Олександр Олександрович
Published: January 2025

Глобалізація та розвиток мережі інтернет докорінно змінили способи обміну й обробки інформації, ставши рушійною силою сучасного суспільства. Щодня передається величезний обсяг даних у різних форматах —текст, аудіо, відео, що сприяє прогресу в економіці, науці, освіті й інших сферах. Інтернет перетворився на універсальну платформу для інтеграції бізнесів, наукових спільнот і громадян світу, забезпечуючи безпрецедентний рівень взаємодії та доступу до інформації. Проте стрімке поширення інформаційних технологій несе із собою й суттєві ризики. Зокрема, питання захисту чутливих даних користувачів, які можуть бути викрадені, втратити конфіденційність або навіть використані для маніпуляцій, стали центральними у сфері інформаційної безпеки. Це загрожує не лише окремим користувачам, але й підриває довіру до цифрових сервісів у цілому, що перешкоджає їхньому подальшому розвитку. Відсутність єдиних підходів до визначення чутливих даних і механізмів їх захисту створює ситуації, коли особиста інформація користувачів стає вразливою. Розв’язання цих проблем вимагає створення та удосконалення міжнародних стандартів регулювання захисту даних, які будуть враховувати особливості глобального цифрового середовища та сприяти гармонізації національних законодавств. В статті наведено, що питання резиденції даних залишається одним з головних технічних і юридичних викликів сьогодення для сучасного бізнесу, де основним каменем спотикання є сама клієнт-серверна архітектура сучасних веб-платформ та інших додатків цієї ж архітектури, які працюють в глобальній мережі.
Ключові слова: глобалізація, мережа Інтернет, обмін інформацією, обробка даних, безпека інформації, чутливі дані, регулювання даних, конфіденційність, кібербезпека
Formulation of Regional Regulations Based on Laws and Regulations
Authors: Tuasikal Hadi , Homer Yan Piet
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the principles, procedures, and authorities in the formation of Local Regulations (Perda) by local governments in Indonesia in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 32 of 2004. Based on these provisions, local regulations are important instruments that support the implementation of regional autonomy, where the local government and the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) jointly have the legislative authority to formulate local regulations that regulate regional household affairs and the interests of local communities. The research method used is normative juridical with a literature approach, examining primary legal sources such as laws and regulations, as well as secondary literature from relevant journals and articles. The results show that local regulations are formed through joint approval between the DPRD and the regional head, taking into account philosophical, juridical, and sociological foundations that reflect the values of Pancasila and applicable legal norms. The novelty of this research is the emphasis on the importance of the DPRD's control function over the implementation of Perda and APBD, as well as the identification of various challenges in the regional legislative process that are sometimes affected by local political constraints. In conclusion, local regulations play a significant role in supporting regional autonomy, but must be designed so that they do not conflict with the public interest and higher regulations.
POLA ALIRAN BATANG ANAI DI PROVINSISUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Yulius Elma , Darma Eko
Published: January 2025

Ketersediaan data debit (aliran sungai) yang panjang dan lengkap sangat mendukung dalam program perencanaan dan pengelolaan sumberdaya air di suatu wilayah atau Daerah Aliran Sungai. Batang Anai terletak di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini mencoba menganalisis dan membahas kondisi debit di Batang Anai. Analisis debit menggunakan pendekatan kurva durasi aliran untuk debit harian rata-rata, setengah bulanan, dan satu bulanan. Selanjutnya, kondisi debit digambarkan melalui pola tahunan. Hasil analisis kurva durasi aliran untuk estimasi debit andalan (probabilitas 80%) . Hasil analisa kurva durasi aliran untuk estimasi debit andalan (probabilitas 80%) adalah 5.36 m3/s.
Kata kunci : Debit Harian, Debit Andalan, Kurva Durasi Aliran
PERENCANAAN TEBAL PERKERASAN LAHAN PENUMPUKAN CONTAINER DI PT. KBN – MARUNDA
Authors: Mustofa Yogi Arif , Rahmawati Budi , Yulius Elma
Published: January 2025

Pelayanan angkutan container (peti kemas) merupakan sistem pelayanan jasa angkutan barang yang utama dalam proses ekspor dan impor. Dalam penanganan sistem container memerlukan lahan penimbunan. Lahan penimbunan container merupakan tempat usaha yang bergerak dibidang penumpukan peti kemas bagi pelayaran maupun leasing company yang tidak memiliki tempat untuk menyimpan, sedangkan tempat penimbunan yang tersedia di area pelabuhan Tanjung Priok sudah tidak memadai kapasitasnya. Perhitungan perencanaan tebal perkerasan menggunakan tiga metoda, yaitu: NAASRA, AASHTO 1993 dan Pd. XX 2002 Bina Marga, dengan melakukan perbandingan pada metoda tersebut sehingga didapat tebal pelat yang paling optimal dan efisien. Metoda yang digunakan NAASRA dengan mutu beton K 300 tebal 26 cm biaya Rp. 304.740,30, K 400 tebal 24 cm biaya Rp. 295.816,52, K450 tebal 23 cm biaya Rp. 297.384,98 lebih optimal dan efisien dalam perencanaan pembangunan lahan penumpukan container di PT. KBN Marunda, dibandingkan metoda AASHTO 1993 dan Pd. XX 2002 Bina Marga.
Kata kunci: Tebal perkerasan, Lahan penumpukan, Container
PENGARUH BAHAN TAMBAHAN PLASTICIZER TERHADAP SLUMP DAN KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Sylviana Rika
Published: January 2025

Kemajuan pengetahuan tentang teknologi beton telah dapat memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan antara lain mudah pengerjaannya, cepat mengeras/mengering. Salah satunya adalah penggunaan bahan tambah seperti bahan kimia tambahan, serat, sampai bahan buangan non kimia. Bahan tambahan plasticizer jenis Tricosal BV Liquid digunakan untuk meningkatkan workability (kemudahan pengerjaan) dengan mengurangi air beton dapat dikurangi. Metode yang digunakan dalam perencanaan campuran beton adalah metode ACI (American Concrete Institute). Campuran beton digunakan dengan menambah plasticizer sebesar 0,1%, 0,2%, 0,4% dan mengurangi air 2,5%, 5%, 10%, kemudian membandingkan dengan beton normal. Pengujian tekan beton dilaksanakan pada saat benda uji berumur 3, 7, 21 dan 28 hari Hasil penelitian didapat slump dan kuat tekan beton yang menggunakan bahan tambahan plasticizer lebih besar dari pada beton normal. Dengan nilai slump yang tinggi maka workabilitas beton lebih baik, sehingga betonnya menjadi lebih padat. Beton yang menghasilkan kuat tekan rata-rata maksimum (f’cr = 489,83 kg/cm2) yaitu beton yang menggunakan bahan tambahan plasticizer 0,1% tanpa pengurangan air.
Kata kunci: bahan tambahan plasticizer, workability, slump, kuat tekan beton
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN MASSA AMPAS TAHU DAN SEKAM PADI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET
Authors: Tsabitah Amani Muflihah Tsabitah , Azkiya Noor Isnaini
Published: January 2025

Briket adalah bahan bakar padat yang berbentuk gumpalan-gumpalan arang yang terbuat dari biomassa (bahan lunak). Namun, biomassa tersebut perlu diolah terlebih dahulu agar menjadi bahan bakar yang memiliki kadar panas lebih tinggi dari arang biasa.  Selain itu, keunggulan briket adalah residu atau sisa hasil pembakaran yang lebih sedikit, asap yang dihasilkan lebih sedikit, ekonomis, dan tidak beracun. Dalam penelitian ini limbah dari ampas tahu dan sekam padi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar dengan cara mengubahnya menjadi briket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan komposisi bahan baku dan persentase perekat tepung tapioka terhadap kualitas briket yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif berdasarkan eksperimen di laboratorium untuk mendapatkan data yang relevan. Variabel bebas yang digunakan yaitu perbandingan massa bahan baku sekam padi dan ampas tahu dengan perbandingan 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 (%b/b). Perekat yang digunakan yaitu tepung tapioka dengan persentase 10% (b/b). Tahapan pembuatan briket dimulai dengan persiapan bahan baku, proses pirolisis, pendinginan, penggilingan dan pengayakan, pencampuran bahan dengan perekat, pencetakan briket, pengovenan dan proses analisis berupa kadar air, kadar abu, vollatile matter, fixed carbon, nilai kalor, dan kuat tekan. Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan hasil pengujian briket dengan komposisi 25% sekam padi:75% ampas tahu dan 10% persentase perekat mempunyai kualitas yang paling baik menghasilkan nilai kadar air sebesar 0,97284%, nilai kadar abu sebesar 17%, nilai volatille matter sebesar 1,12613%, nilai fixed carbon sebesar 80,9010%, nilai kalor sebesar 5478 kal/g, dan nilai kuat tekan sebesar 2,44375 kg/cm2.
KINETIKA REAKSI KOAGULAN ALUMUNIUM CHLOROHIDRAT TERHADAP TOTAL SUSPENDID SOLID PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KRIMER
Authors: Aprilia Fani Wahyu , Chalim Abdul , Dandel Bernardete Ferdinata
Published: January 2025

Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) PT. LNK merupakan pengolahan air limbah dikawasan industri yang ada di Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Proses pengelolaan air limbah pada PT. LNK merupakan sistem pengolahan air limbah dengan menggunakan Integrated Fix Film Activated (IFFAS) atau lumpur aktif yang berfungsi sebagai pengolahan mikro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kinetika reaksi koagulan Alumunium Chlorohidrat (ACH) terhadap Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dalam pengolahan limbah cair industri krimer. Limbah cair industri ini mengandung polutan beracun yang menyebabkan tingginya kekeruhan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung dengan variasi dosis koagulan ACH sebesar 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, dan 2 mL, dengan proses koagulasi flokulasi. Konsentrasi koagulan yang digunakan adalah 32% w/v atau setara dengan 5.498 mol/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TSS influent sebesar 1073,54 mg/L berhasil dikurangi menjadi 24,74 mg/L pada TSS effluent. Penggunaan dosis koagulan ACH terbukti efektif menurunkan TSS dengan pH optimal antara 6 hingga 7, yang memisahkan padatan tersuspensi dari air limbah secara efisien. Kinetika reaksi koagulasi dirumuskan dengan persamaan -rA = (1.8492) CA⁰¹¹³⁹, menunjukkan keefektifan koagulan dalam mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan perairan.
Creative Writing in Foreign Language Learning: Systemic Literature Review
Authors: Hasanah Mamluatul , Sutaman Sutaman , Mubarok Harir , Sari Risna Rianti , Syarofah Alfiatus , Fauzi Firman Nurul
Published: January 2025

Creative competence as one of the transformative competencies in the future education framework 2030 must begin to be realized in foreign language learning, including writing skills. This study aims to map the position of creative writing in existing studies. The method used for tracing is NVivo as a coding tool. The 78 articles found are then selected by inclusion and exclusion categories to produce 25 articles for further coding. The results of the coding are then read and studied with four perspectives, namely the language that is the object of study, the problems for achieving creative competence, the solutions offered and the benefits that can be obtained to overcome emerging foreign language learning problems. The findings from this SLR indicate that the language which is the most dominant object of study is English. Linguistic problems in the context of discourse and demotivating non-linguistics are the dominant problems, while the solutions offered are mostly focused on creative writing strategies. The benefits obtained are the improvement of writing skills, language skills, motivation, and self-quality of foreign language learners. The research gap that can be mapped from the findings above is that attention to foreign languages other than English in creative writing research and discourse-based learning must be increased.
Conversational Silence in Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party: A Pragmatic Perspective
Authors: Abd Aliwie Abdullah Najim
Published: January 2025

This research offers a contemporary pragmatic approach toward the analysis of conversational silence in Harold Pinter’s The Birthday Party and fills the void in the analysis of silence as a complex Speech Act in drama. It considers different types of silence and answers the question of whether or not they obey or break Grice’s maxims with regard to dialogue interactions. In extending prior work, this paper aims to explore various aspects of silence as a strategic act that has dramatic performative effects, explore their politeness effects in detail, and explore the kind of situations in which the act of silence is likely to occur. This research employs both qualitative and quantitative analysis with an additional use of text mining and statistical tools for data visualization. It is thus suggested that silence in The Birthday Party has other functions that are more strategic, as it is here indicated: power, in so far as it may be read as the interlocutor’s power off and as a way of turning down or dodging an offer; face, as it has been shown, in so far as it entails the deployment of three different types of silence, namely: internal, interactive, and turn-const Such findings enhance the audience’s understanding of Pinter’s dramatic and pragmatic approach to silence and thus enrich current theoretical analysis of pragmatic speech acts on the stage
Язык как средство коммуникации и репрезентации идентичности этнопрофессиональной группы филологов-удмуртоведов
Authors: Ustyantsev Herman Herman Yu. , Glukhova Galina A. , Ananev Artem A. , Sinitsyna Julia V. , Khomchenkova Irina A.  , Fedorova Olga V.  , Nasyrova Regina R. 
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена изучению русско-удмуртской профессиональной языковой среды: бытованию русского и удмуртского языков, выявлению уровня билингвизма в условиях широкого распространения русского языка, а также выяснению взаимосвязей между языковыми практиками и этнической идентичностью. Статья представляет собой комплексное междисциплинарное этнолого-лингвистическое исследование, что позволяет рассмотреть поставленные проблемы с применением разных методологических подходов. В качестве источниковой базы использованы материалы анкетирования, проведенного на базе опросника Техасского Университета «Bilingual language profile», дополненного несколькими блоками вопросов этносоциальной тематики, а также интервью, проведенные с представителями языковой среды. Для анализа было избрано этнопрофессиональное сообщество филологов-удмуртоведов, что позволило рассмотреть функционирование удмуртского языка в среде с повышенным интересом к удмуртской филологии. Данные для исследования собраны в ходе экспедиции в Республику Удмуртия в декабре 2023 г. В ходе исследования использованы качественные (анализ собранных интервью) и количественные методы (анализ и графическая репрезентация собранных анкетных данных). Проведенное исследование выявило сложившуюся ситуацию сбалансированного билингвизма в изучаемой среде. Анкетирование и анализ данных показали, что в исследуемом сообществе удмуртский язык выполняет функции самоидентификации и репрезентации этнической идентичности, а также используется как основное средство коммуникации.
Marriage and Family Relations among the Udmurts of Russia in the Second Half of the 20th — Early 21st Centuries
Authors: Uvarov Sergey N. 
Published: January 2025

The article examines changes in marital status among the Udmurts of Russia in 1959–2021. Based on population census materials, both published and unpublished, a comparison with the overall Russian population is given. After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the Udmurts experienced a huge imbalance between married men and women, caused by huge human losses at the front. Later, this gap began to narrow, but was not completely overcome. On the other hand, all censuses (except 1979) recorded a higher proportion of married Udmurt men compared to Russian men. The percentage of married Udmurt women also grew higher than that of Russian women since 1989. Another difference was the increased proportion of widowed Udmurt women due to the premature mortality among men. In 1979, the demographic consequences of the Great Patriotic War were still very noticeable. In 1989, the proportion of widows among Udmurt women decreased, which to a certain extent was facilitated by the anti-alcohol campaign. With its end, male mortality rose very quickly, which led to an increase in the proportion of widows. According to a number of indicators, the marital status of the Udmurts was the best in 1989. For example, the proportion of those who were married was at its maximum, the proportion of those who had never been married was decreasing, and Udmurts were less likely to remarry compared to all residents of Udmurtia. There also was a tendency towards a decrease in the proportion of Udmurt widows. Termination of the anti-alcohol campaign, collapse of the USSR, reforms of the 1990s interrupted the positive trends and had a negative impact on the marital status of the Udmurts. Recent data suggests that a registered marriage still is valued among the Udmurts. However, the identified trends look alarming. The proportion of married people is steadily declining, the age of marriage has shifted to older categories, the proportion of widows and divorced people continues to grow.
The Traditional Dwelling of the Mordvins: On the History of Classification and Transformations
Authors: Nikonova Ludmila I.
Published: January 2025

Ethno-cultural tradition has historically determined the type of dwelling to be constructed for a relatively long period of time. However, in response to changing circumstances, the type of residential building can also change significantly. The lack of a comprehensive analysis of the history of classification and transformation of the Mordovian dwellings in the indigenous territory of residence and in other regions of Russia represents a significant obstacle to scientific research in this field. In the context of the current surge in interest in ethnotourism and the preservation of cultural heritage, this scientific research is particularly relevant for younger generations. Information on the history of formation and classification (by the way of its vertical development, by horizontal layout and by the method of construction) of the traditional Mordovian dwelling in the Mordovian Territory / Republic of Mordovia, Volga region, Siberia was collected by the author both in the Republic of Mordovia and in ethnographic expeditions in Tyumen, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan region, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territory and other regions of Russia (1991–2018). By vertical development dwellings of the distant past can be classified as following forms: a hut; a dugout and a semi-dugout; a bathhouse; an izba; wooden and adobe houses. According to the horizontal layout the dwellings can be classified as single-chamber, two-chamber, three-chamber dwellings, etc. According to the material and method of construction they are either made of log (mainly), clay, adobe or bricks, due to natural, economic and other factors. Outside Mordovia, Mordovian dwellings differ by material: wood, clay, stone, adobe houses; and by structure: log cabins and crosses (the latter is most common in the villages of Kalinovka, Pokrovka of the Sorokinsky district of the Tyumen region). Dwelling complexes near Mordovia in settlements in the Mordovian region were constantly changing. This was facilitated by the rise in the material well-being of rural residents. The share of two- and three-chamber housing increased with time. The process was faster in towns, more prosperous settlements, settlements located near highways, railways, industrial centers, while in the villages where the population came into contact with urban culture less often, this transition was slower. It would be inaccurate to speak of original and special Mordovian dwellings these days. The Mordvins have been living in next to the Russians for many centuries, their types of economy and building traditions are very similar. The housing of the Mordovian settlers are now largely indistinguishable from those of the surrounding population. The characteristics identified are more indicative of regional than ethnic differences.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Adult Human Height of Men and Women from Different Regions of Russia in the 1900s–2000s
Authors: Khafizova Ainur A. , Negasheva Marina A.  , Ivanova Elena A.  , Sineva Irina M.  , Gavryushin Mikhail Yu. , Voronina Inna Y. 
Published: January 2025

The present article aimed to study the secular changes in the mean adult human height of males and females across different regions of Russia. Here we present the results of the meta-analysis of a comprehensive data set on the mean heights of males from the 1900–1910s to the 1990–2000s birth cohorts among 63 regions of the Russian Federation (in over 470 groups), and mean heights of females from the 1940–1950s to the 1990–2000s birth cohorts among 54 regions of the Russian Federation (in over 340 groups). The regional secular trends of mean height were illustrated for the adult population in seven federal districts in Russia. We analyzed anthropological data using a combined approach, in which the temporal aspects of variation in body height were studied through retrospective analysis, and the spatial aspects (regional differences in adult height over a long period) were studied using cross-population analysis. The positive secular trend of the adult body height of men and women throughout the 20th century can be observed both at the national and subnational levels. During the last century, adult height of males increased by 9,35 cm (from 166,33 cm to 175,68 cm) at a rate of 0,84 cm/decade. From the 1940–1950s to the present, women’s adult height increased by 3,75 cm (from 160,06 cm to 163,81 cm) at a rate of 0,78 cm/decade. In our study, we found regional trends of secular dynamics and differences in mean height in different time slices. At the early 20th century, men of the Far Eastern Federal District exhibited the highest mean height, and at the end of the observation period this distinction was held by the men of Moscow and Krasnodar Krai. In the middle of the last century, the highest female height was documented in Pskov Oblast and Volgograd Oblast, and in the end of the century — in the Krasnodar Krai and Altai Krai. Regional differences in the spatiotemporal variation in adult human height may be explained by socio-economic differentiation between the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Is the Inca Bone Useful for Racial Identification?
Authors: Movsesian Аlla A.
Published: January 2025

According to embryological data, the interparietal part of the occipital squama develops from one primary and two secondary ossification centers. Inca bones originate from incomplete ossification of these secondary pairs during embryogenesis, resulting in the formation of distinct bones separated by sutures. This study assessed the prevalence and variations of Inca bones across both modern and ancient human populations, analyzing 3,544 crania from contemporary populations in Europe, Siberia, the Americas, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Melanesia, along with 2,038 ancient crania from the Neolithic to the Medieval periods in Siberia, Armenia, Crimea, and Eastern Europe. The highest incidences of Inca bones, exceeding 4%, were observed in isolated groups such as the Orochi (15%), Ainu (8.5%), Melanesians (6.2%), and Malays (4.8%). The results of the study indicate that there is no correlation between the frequency distribution of this trait and specific regions. The presence of the Inca bone, being influenced by genetic factors, suggests that its occurrence in certain small, isolated populations is attributable to genetic drift. Among the structural variants of Inca bones identified, an extremely rare quadripartite type was observed in a Scythian cranium from Crimea. In this specimen, both pairs of secondary ossification centers in the upper part of the occipital squama manifested as separate bones, mirroring the structure found in lower vertebrates. The occurrence of various Inca bone variants in humans may represent atavistic regressions triggered by mutations that change the timing of suture closure and cranial ossification patterns. Given its hereditary nature, the Inca bone could be crucial for establishing kinship in fossil populations and in forensic medical practice. The possibility of encountering Inca bones should also be considered during surgical procedures.
Communication as Part of the Lives of the Seriously Ill
Authors: Popovkina Galina S.
Published: January 2025

The article examines the problem of the role and meaning of communication in the world of seriously ill people, a topic of relevance for medical anthropology. The selected source material comprises autobiographical works that accurately reflect the features of the life of a sick person, including their mood and atmosphere. Memoirs and biographical literary works, which contain descriptions of real hospital everyday life, represent informants’ narratives and give the researcher the opportunity to “get involved” in the observation of the problem under study. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of S.N. Trubetskoy about the conciliar nature of man, which is manifested in the need to contact people and share one’s feelings and ideas. It was revealed that sick people are in dire need of communication. They value attention, equal opportunities, honesty, they barely understand negative attitudes towards themselves, deliberate infliction of emotional pain, but are ready to forgive awkward, thoughtless behavior. The disease makes them defenseless against negative contact. In situations of prolonged and severe pain, normal communication is disrupted; it sometimes becomes fragmentary, compressed, and forced. Communication is of ontological importance; the patient sees it as one of the main values of life, but the disease imposes restrictions on a person that prevent the emergence of his conciliar nature, the ability to contact other people, live and develop among people.
Human Kinetics as a Healing and Magical Remedy in Ethnocultures
Authors: Stadnik Yulia A. 
Published: January 2025

Healers not only reproduce spelling and invocation texts during the healing ritual, but also perform body movements. The article uses the ethnochoreological term “kinetics” to denote the movement component of magical treatment. Traditional medicine has an extensive range of medicinal products. The article aims to show kinetics as one of them. First, based on ethnographic facts from the scientific literature about different ethnocultures, kinetic elements addressed by the healer to the patient are presented. Then, based on the materials from the author’s personal archive about the folk tradition of the Russian Old Believers living in Buryatia (the Semeyskie), the relation between kinetics addressed to the patient and diseases treated with magic is revealed. Further, the possibility of applying knowledge about the kinetics of healing rituals in the ethnological study of the folk medicine is explained. The author concludes that kinetics is used as a healing and magical remedy in ethnocultures. The obtained result can be used to study the variability and universality of the folk medicine based on detailed recorded data on the kinetics of healing rituals.
Transformation of Traditional Oriental Medicine in the Modern World
Authors: Kharitonova Valentina I.
Published: January 2025

The article examines one of the most important modern issues concerning the development of traditional medicines: their transformation into TMS  — traditional medical systems. It is known that in some Asian countries (China, India, Vietnam, etc.) such TMS legitimately exist since the middle or end of the XX century; they are institutionalized and structured similarly to the conventional/biomedical healthcare system. TMS operates there in parallel with and in close interaction with the main medical system, with biomedicine as the primary educational basis for specialist training. Healthcare in these countries includes in its unified system a parallel with a second ministry or department, a complex structure of university training of specialists, specialized hospitals and clinics of various kinds  — either separate or organized on the basis of complementarity, different pharmaceutical bases. At the same time, TMS, primarily from India and China, have long since spread to many other countries of the world and, as complementary or alternative forms of medicine, strive to form global forms (for example, the concept of “global Ayurveda” is already being used).
The article first of all considers the specifics of the terminological apparatus associated with non-conventional medicine. Further the author analyzes the current situation of TM and TMS as it has developed to date in foreign countries, and compares it with what has been happening in the last three decades in the Russian Federation, primarily in the Republic of Buryatia and the Zabaykalsky Krai. Traditional medicine was initially introduced there with the practice of Buddhist lamas and with written sources from Tibet through Mongolia; later the Buryats on the basis of translated sources developed a relatively independent branch of Buryat-Tibetan medicine, which back in the XIX century spread first to St. Petersburg, and then to other cities and regions of the Russian Empire. Nowadays, in the main centers of traditional medicine in Buryatia and the Zabaykalsky Krai, the institutions of a medical system have been formed, making it possible to create a full-fledged TMS  — a parallel, but closely intertwined with biomedicine branch of healthcare, which can easily become an alternative branch of healthcare in the Republic of Buryatia, where the traditional Buryat-Tibetan medicine has been institutionalized within the healthcare system since the 1980s. Currently, the Center for Oriental Medicine and its units are receiving a significant number of combatants for rehabilitation and are actively working in the field of restorative medicine.
Traditional Food, Plant and Animal Products in Bashkir Folk Medicine.
Authors: Migranova Elza V. , Migranova Karina R.
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to the study of the use of foodstuffs, herbal and animal products within the context of traditional Bashkir medicine. These remedies have been widely used both in medical practice and as preventive measures. Often the use of these remedies was accompanied by a complex system of verbal magical rituals and ceremonies. The rational experience of folk healing based on the use of these treatments constituted the foundation upon which official medicine was subsequently formed. The development of science and the interaction of cultures of different peoples gradually expanded the range of traditional healing methods used in Bashkir everyday life. However, to date, the people have preserved ancient methods of treating certain diseases, their own healing techniques, which allows us to speak about the demand for this field of knowledge in our days. This is due to both the availability of the tools used and their time-proven effectiveness.
Was the Virgin Lands Campaign a Venture? To the 70th Anniversary of the New Land Use
Authors: Belov Andrey M. , Rybin Andrey A. 
Published: January 2025

The issue of developing new lands continues to be relevant in our country and around the world. On a global scale, the world’s population is actively growing, people are increasingly bringing undeveloped lands into the agricultural cycle, thus increasing the space for living. On the world stage, Russia ranks first in terms of land resources that need to be further developed. Proper use of vacant land will give our country the opportunity to solve the problem of food security and become independent of food imports from abroad. In addition, it will be possible to increase the export of food products to other countries. The purpose of this work is a comprehensive review of the historical experience of the Soviet Union in the development of the virgin lands in the middle of the 20th century. In particular, the study pays attention to the problem of participation of the Upper Volga economic region in the development of the virgin lands. The study is based on scientific and research literature and on archival data. Using the method of regional research, it was possible to determine the volume of work done by the people of the Upper Volga region in the virgin lands of Kazakhstan in 1954–1956. The results of the study revealed that in the first years of the development of the new lands in the Kazakh SSR, the people of Ivanovo, Kostroma and Yaroslavl managed to organize 13 new grain farms on their own, to staff collective farms and state farms with qualified personnel, thereby laying the foundation for the development of virgin lands infrastructure. We came to the conclusion that the personnel from Upper Volga played a notable role in the development of the regions of Northern Kazakhstan. Today, the Republic of Kazakhstan is the largest producer and exporter of wheat, the gross harvest in 2022–2023 amounted to 16.4 million tons. In many ways, today’s success is based on the economic transformations of the mid-20th century, when agricultural and industrial infrastructure was built in the empty steppe.
Nicolai F. Mokshin on the Ethnic History of the Chuvash
Authors: Salmin Anton K.
Published: January 2025

This is the first time Professor Mokshin’s publications devoted to ethnic history of Chuvash people are analyzed. The article addresses various ethnonymic issues, historical and geographical works, as well as anthropological, archaeological, ethnographic and folkloric passages. The author of these lines recollects Nikolai Fyodorovich as an impetuous man, an uncompromising debater who knew how to raise a new point to clarify any dispute. Thus, so far, Academician M. N. Tikhomirov, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was considered to have put an end to the discussion about whether the ‘Veda’ ethnonym had been applied to the Chuvash. However, N. F. Mokshin noted that there was actually an uncertainty in M. N. Tikhomirov’s observation. When M. N. Tikhomirov spoke of the Chuvash, he meant the Cheremis, the Vedas, or the Burtas. Therefore, N. F. Mokshin provided a clearer historiography of the identity of “the Veda = the Chuvash”. He also undertook expeditions to Mordovia, Chuvashia and the Gorky Region to find out how the ethnonym ‘Veda’ was used by the Mordovians. At the same time, he was the first to show that Mordovian names and surnames were derived from the word ‘veda’. It is probably no coincidence that it is among the Mordovians that one can find people with Chuvashov surname. N. F. Mokshin also wrote about the affinity of the peoples of the Volga and Urals regions in terms of their traditional practices and beliefs, insisting that the Bulgars and Suvars were two different peoples, not one. He used numerous facts to show the process of the Kypchakization of the Tatars and, consequently, the Tatarization of the Chuvash. N. F. Mokshin’s works are distinguished by their topicality and novelty.
Exploring the potential mediating role of systemic antibiotics in the association between early-life lower respiratory tract infections and asthma at age 5 in the CHILD study
Authors: Medeleanu Maria V. , Reyna Myrtha E. , Dai Darlene L. Y. , Winsor Geoffrey L. , Brinkman Fiona S. L. , Verma Rahul , Nugent Ella , Riaz Nashita , Simons Elinor , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Azad Meghan B. , Turvey Stuart E. , Moraes Theo J. , Subbarao Padmaja
Published: January 2025

Objective

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early life are one of the strongest risk factors for childhood asthma and are often treated with systemic antibiotics (IV or oral). We aimed to explore the association between early-life LRTIs and systemic antibiotics on asthma development and the potential mediating role of antibiotics in this relationship.

Methods

Data were collected as part of the longitudinal, general Canadian population CHILD Study. LRTIs during the first 18 months of life were identified through parental symptom report at regular study visits. Systemic antibiotic use was defined as at least one dose of oral/intravenous antibiotics between birth and the 18-month visit and were further categorized by indication as either given for a respiratory indication (upper or lower respiratory symptoms) or non-respiratory indication. Asthma was diagnosed by in-study pediatricians at the 5-year study visit. Adjusted logistic regression models and mediation analyses via systemic antibiotics use were performed.

Results

Among 2,073 participants included in our analysis, 72 (4.9%) had asthma age 5, and 609 (29.3%) used systemic antibiotics before the 18-month visit. Among children who had taken antibiotics, 61.6% also had an LRTI in that period compared to 49.7% among children without exposure to systemic antibiotics (p < .001). Moderate-severe LRTIs before age 18 months were associated with higher odds of 5-year asthma [aOR 4.12 (95%CI 2.04–7.95) p < .001]. Antibiotics taken for respiratory indications were associated with higher odds of asthma at age 5 [aOR 2.36 (95%CI 1.59–3.48) p < .001]. Children who received systemic antibiotics for only non-respiratory indications during the first 18 months of life were not associated with increased odds of asthma [aOR 1.08 (95%CI 0.44–2.30) p = .851]. Using mediation analysis, 21.7% of the association between LRTI and asthma is estimated to be mediated through use of early-life systemic antibiotics. However, a significant direct effect of moderate-to-severe LRTIs on asthma risk remained in adjusted mediation models (p = .014).

Conclusion

Through mediation modeling we estimate that the increased risk of asthma at age 5 that is associated with moderate-severe LRTIs in infancy may be partially mediated by systemic antibiotics taken during the first 18 months of life. This underscores the importance of public health strategies focused on antibiotic stewardship and reducing early life LRTIs to mitigate asthma risk.
Effect of agarose/gelatin gel addition on the pro-angiogenic potential of polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan scaffolds
Authors: Giretová Mária , Medvecký Ľubomír , Demčišáková Zuzana , Luptáková Lenka , Petrovová Eva , Štulajterová Radoslava
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of gel addition to biopolymeric scaffolds on the pro-angiogenic and basic material characteristics of the final composite for use in regenerative medicine. The studied scaffold consisted of natural biopolymers: polyhydroxybutyrate, chitosan, agarose, and gelatin. The final scaffold was characterized by high macroporosity (90%) and wide pore size distribution. As is known, the pore size is a critical factor for cell ingrowth in grafts after implantation in the body and for angiogenic development and creation of new vessels. After 9 days of cultivation in the culture medium, the scaffold retained its physicochemical properties without any tendency of disintegration. The addition of polymeric gels to the scaffold improved the mechanical stability of the composite. In vitro cytotoxicity testing showed good adherence of the seeded L929 fibroblasts on the scaffold and strong ingrowth of cells into the macropores. No sign of cytotoxicity was identified by both the MTS assay and live/dead cell staining. The quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay—as an alternative to in vivo assays—revealed suitable pro-angiogenic properties of the scaffold for the formation and ingrowth of new blood vessels. Moreover, the upregulation of gene expression responsible for the activation of angiogenic cascade clearly demonstrated a positive effect of the prepared composites on angiogenesis as an essential part of new tissue formation and the regeneration process itself.
Placental trophoblast aging in advanced maternal age is related to increased oxidative damage and decreased YAP
Authors: Guo Song , Pan Qihao , Chen Baokang , Huang Yijuan , Li Si , Gou Chenyu , Gao Yu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The advanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancies escalate rapidly, which are frequently linked to higher risks of adverse outcomes. Advanced maternal age (AMA) placenta exhibited premature aging, presumably resulting in trophoblast dysfunction, inadequate placentation. However, the precise reasons and mechanisms of trophoblast aging in AMA placenta remain unclear, posing a significant limitation to provide effective guidance for prenatal healthcare in clinical settings. Notably, the organism shows heightened vulnerability to oxidative damage as it ages. YAP (Yes-associated protein) was reported to play a critical role in regulation of aging and resisting oxidative damage, yet these roles had not been elucidated in the placenta. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between trophoblast cell aging and oxidative injury and YAP in AMA pregnancy, which not only provided an insight into the mechanisms of trophoblast cell aging, but also provide valuable directions for healthcare during AMA pregnancy.

Methods

In this study, human term placentas were collected from AMA and normal pregnancies for the analysis of aging, oxidative damage and YAP level. HTR8/SVneo cells were manipulated with (hydrogen peroxide) H2O2 to explore the effects of oxidative damage on trophoblast cell senescence and YAP levels. YAP expression in HTR8/SVneo cells was manipulated to investigate its role in trophoblastic senescence and oxidative damage.

Results

Compared with the control group, the AMA placenta exhibits increased aging biomarkers, which is coupled with an elevation in oxidative damage within placental trophoblast cells and a notable decline in YAP levels. Cellular experiments demonstrated that oxidative damage from H2O2 triggered trophoblast cell senescence and resulted in a reduction of YAP levels. Furthermore, employing molecular modification to silence YAP expression in these cells led to an induction of aging. Conversely, overexpressing YAP ameliorated both trophoblast cell aging and the associated DNA oxidative damage that arised from H2O2.

Conclusion

The decline of YAP in AMA pregnancy should be responsible for the increased oxidative injury and premature placenta aging, indicating that YAP plays a significant role in combating oxidative damage and delaying aging, thereby providing a new guidance for prenatal care in AMA pregnancies. Maintaining YAP levels or implementing anti-oxidative stress interventions could potentially mitigate the incidence of complications involved AMA pregnancy.
Rapid diagnostic testing combined with an immediate infectious disease consultation increases the rate of septic intensive care unit patients on targeted antibiotic therapy
Authors: Kramme Evelyn , Käding Nadja , Graf Tobias , Schmoll Karolin , Linnen Heidi , Nagel Katharina , Grote-Levi Esther , Hauswaldt Susanne , Nurjadi Dennis , Rupp Jan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) combined with immediate infectious disease (ID) consultation on the treatment of septic patients with positive blood cultures in intensive care units in a setting without 24/7 service.

Methods

Adult ICU patients in a tertiary care hospital with positive blood cultures were included from January 2019 to December 2020. The control group underwent routine laboratory testing, and for the intervention group, RDT was applied with immediate ID consultation.

Results

In 77 out of the 91 patients in the intervention group, the pathogen was identified by RDT. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), genotypic testing (ePlex®) was successful for Gram-positive cocci, but inadequate for Gram-negative rods. Phenotypic resistance testing with the Accelerate PhenoTest® took too long to be successfully integrated into the intervention. Adaptation of empirical antibiotic therapy was recommended for 72.7% of the patients. Adherence to the ID consultation post-RDT results was high at 82.3%. In the control group, adaptation of the initial antibiotic therapy would have been recommended for 81.8% of patients, if the species identification had been available. Overall adherence to the local antibiotic therapy guideline for sepsis was significantly lower in the control than in the intervention group (27.8% versus 89.3%, p<0.001).

Conclusion

Integration of an RDT system in the microbiological workflow for septic patients in ICU combined with a standardized ID intervention led to a significantly higher percentage of adequate antimicrobial treatment and greater adherence to local antibiotic therapy recommendations, even in a setting where 24/7 service is not available.