bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrent natalizumab-related aseptic meningitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Foley Robert W , Tagg Nathan T , Schindler Matthew K , Fenton Kaylan M , Reich Daniel S , Cortese Irene , Mowry Ellen M
Published: June 2017

Natalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that decreases T-cell migration into the central nervous system (CNS) through α4 integrin:adhesion-molecule inhibition, thereby increasing the risk for opportunistic CNS infection. Herein, we report a case of infusion-associated aseptic meningitis in a patient receiving natalizumab.
“Think positively”: Parkinson’s disease, biomedicine, and hope in contemporary Germany
Authors: Metzler Ingrid , Just Paul
Published: June 2017

Narratives of hope shape contemporary engagements with Parkinson’s disease. On the one hand, a “biomedical narrative of hope” promises that biomedical research will help to transform this treatable but incurable disease into a curable one in the future. On the other hand, a more individual “illness narrative of hope” encourages patients to influence the course of Parkinson’s disease by practicing self-care and positive thinking. This article asks how these two narratives of hope interact. It bases its argument on an analysis of data from 13 focus groups conducted in Germany in 2012 and 2014 with patients with Parkinson’s disease and their relatives. Participants were asked to have their say on clinical trials for advanced therapies for Parkinson’s disease and, while doing so, envisioned their biosocial selves in the present and the future. Three “modes of being” for patients were drawn from this body of data: a “users on stand-by” mode, an “unengaged” mode, and an “experimental pioneers” mode. Both narratives of hope were important to all three modes, yet they were mobilized at different frequencies and also had different statuses. While the biomedical narrative of hope was deemed an important “dream of the future” that participants passively supported without having to make it their own, the illness narrative of hope was a truth discourse that took an imperative form: having Parkinson’s disease implied the need to maintain a positive attitude.
The ageing body in Monty Python Live (Mostly)
Authors: Petersen Line Nybro
Published: June 2017

This article analyses representations of the ageing body in the live televised show Monty Python Live (Mostly) (2014). The famous satire group performed in the O2 arena in London, and the show was telecast live in cinemas and aired on television across the world. In the show, the group members, now in their 70s, reprise a series of their most popular sketches and introduce a few new sketches. This analysis focuses on the ways in which representations of the ageing body intersect with representations of gender and sexuality in order to discuss how the boundaries for appropriation and subversion become blurred in the context of the show. This article combines theory of mediatisation with cultural gerontology and feminist theory in order to bring these issues to light. I argue that the show offers an appropriation of the female ageing body – often exemplified through cross-dressing – but also a subversion of sexuality for ageing bodies (both male and female). This article forms part of ‘Media and the Ageing Body’ Special Issue.
Spies like us
Authors: Driscoll Jesse , Schuster Caroline
Published: June 2017

The discipline of anthropology recoils instinctively at the idea that its researchers' labor might contribute to the national security state; other disciplines celebrate the same contributions as evidence of policy impact. In this article, we examine the seductions of espionage for professionally vulnerable (untenured) researchers that employ ethnographic methods but are operating in the shadow of market incentives and the Global War on Terror. We define “extreme fieldwork” as a research design likely to yield the kinds of data that Price identifies as “Dual Use Anthropology.” The bulk of our essay is devoted to providing warrants for the claim that there are strong incentives to brand oneself as an “extreme” fieldworker – which may be the post-9/11 equivalent of chasing what Trouillot called the “savage slot.” We argue that for some topics in certain research settings, uncomfortably, the more care and effort one invests in ethnographic best practices, the more likely it is that the researcher will engage in behaviors that could be confused with spycraft.
Justifying the teaching of the humanities: A new economic approach
Authors: Gilead Tal
Published: June 2017

In recent years much has been written about the declining status of the humanities and the effect this has had on teaching and the curriculum. This article begins by examining some key defenses for teaching and studying the humanities that have been offered in the literature and points to their limitations. It is argued that in a policymaking environment dominated by economic thinking, the justifications for teaching the humanities that are based on identifying its intrinsic and social values are bound to have little appeal for policymakers. It is also maintained that the attempt to justify teaching the humanities based on their possible contribution to increasing production is unconvincing. The article then proposes a new defense for teaching the humanities that stems from recent developments in economic thinking and public policy-making. It is proposed that teaching the humanities can be defended on the basis of its potential contribution to altering consumption patterns and offering ways to convert wealth into happiness more effectively. The article does not suggest that the defense proposed here is the only or best way to defend the humanities, but rather that it can have an important instrumental value in persuading policymakers to invest more in teaching the humanities.
A narratable self as addressed by human rights
Authors: Adami Rebecca
Published: June 2017

The paper extends the critique in earlier research of human rights as exclusive of otherness and difference by introducing the work of Adriana Cavarero (2000) on a narratable self. Hence, the formation of human rights is thus about the relations between different narratable selves, not just Western ones. A narrative learning, drawing on Cavarero (2000) , shifts the focus in human rights learning from learning about the other to exposing one’s life story narrative through relationality.
An Innovative Streaming Video System With a Point-of-View Head Camera Transmission of Surgeries to Smartphones and Tablets: An Educational Utility
Authors: Chaves Rafael Oliveira , de Oliveira Pedro Armando Valente , Rocha Luciano Chaves , David Joacy Pedro Franco , Ferreira Sanmari Costa , Santos Alex de Assis Santos dos , Melo Rômulo Müller dos Santos , Yasojima Edson Yuzur , Brito Marcus Vinicius Henriques
Published: June 2017

Purpose: In order to engage medical students and residents from public health centers to utilize the telemedicine features of surgery on their own smartphones and tablets as an educational tool, an innovative streaming system was developed with the purpose of streaming live footage from open surgeries to smartphones and tablets, allowing the visualization of the surgical field from the surgeon’s perspective. The current study aims to describe the results of an evaluation on level 1 of Kirkpatrick’s Model for Evaluation of the streaming system usage during gynecological surgeries, based on the perception of medical students and gynecology residents. Methods: Consisted of a live video streaming (from the surgeon’s point of view) of gynecological surgeries for smartphones and tablets, one for each volunteer. The volunteers were able to connect to the local wireless network, created by the streaming system, through an access password and watch the video transmission on a web browser on their smartphones. Then, they answered a Likert-type questionnaire containing 14 items about the educational applicability of the streaming system, as well as comparing it to watching an in loco procedure. This study is formally approved by the local ethics commission (Certificate No. 53175915.7.0000.5171/2016). Results: Twenty-one volunteers participated, totalizing 294 items answered, in which 94.2% were in agreement with the items affirmative, 4.1% were neutral, and only 1.7% answers corresponded to negative impressions. Cronbach’s α was .82, which represents a good reliability level. Spearman’s coefficients were highly significant in 4 comparisons and moderately significant in the other 20 comparisons. Conclusions: This study presents a local streaming video system of live surgeries to smartphones and tablets and shows its educational utility, low cost, and simple usage, which offers convenience and satisfactory image resolution, thus being potentially applicable in surgical teaching.
Anticoagulant therapy for recurrent in-stent thrombosis following carotid artery stenting: A case report
Authors: Miyakoshi Akinori , Toda Hiroki , Hayase Makoto , Kawauchi Takeshi , Oichi Yuki , Hattori Etsuko
Published: June 2017

We report a case in which strict anticoagulant therapy management was useful for a recurrent in-stent thrombosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS). An 84-year-old man presented with cognitive decline that progressed rapidly over two months. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed an acute-stage infarct occurring frequently in the right cerebral hemisphere, and he underwent hospitalization and treatment. On neck magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), severe stenosis was found at the origin of the right internal carotid artery. Since he took aspirin, clopidogrel, and a statin after placement of an indwelling coronary stent, we treated him by adding argatroban and edaravone drip therapy to his existing medication. CAS was performed on day 15 of the hospitalization. A small in-stent thrombosis with plaque protrusion was observed on a carotid sonogram performed at the second day after CAS, and re-examination at the seventh day confirmed enlargement of the lesion and an increase in peak systolic velocity; thus, a second CAS procedure was performed on the same day. After the second CAS, oral cilostazol was added for triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT), but as the in-stent thrombosis increased further, we started a continuous infusion of heparin with the goal of an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of 50 to 65 seconds. After starting heparin, the lesion did not progress; after 14 days of continuous heparin infusion, the patient was switched to TAPT, and regression of the plaque was confirmed. This case demonstrated to us that controlled anticoagulation therapy can be an effective treatment for cases in which a thrombus recurs within a stent after CAS.
Assessment of inhibitory effects on major human cytochrome P450 enzymes by spasmolytics used in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Dahlinger Dominik , Aslan Sevinc , Pietsch Markus , Frechen Sebastian , Fuhr Uwe
Published: June 2017

Background:

The objective of this study was to examine the inhibitory potential of darifenacin, fesoterodine, oxybutynin, propiverine, solifenacin, tolterodine and trospium chloride on the seven major human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) by using a standardized and validated seven-in-one cytochrome P450 cocktail inhibition assay.

Methods:

An in vitro cocktail of seven highly selective probe substrates was incubated with human liver microsomes and varying concentrations of the seven test compounds. The major metabolites of the probe substrates were simultaneously analysed using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Enzyme kinetics were estimated by determining IC50 and Ki values via nonlinear regression. Obtained Ki values were used for predictions of potential clinical impact of the inhibition using a static mechanistic prediction model.

Results:

In this study, 49 IC50 experiments were conducted. In six cases, IC50 values lower than the calculated threshold for drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in the gut wall were observed. In these cases, no increase in inhibition was determined after a 30 min preincubation. Considering a typical dosing regimen and applying the obtained Ki values of 0.72 µM (darifenacin, 15 mg daily) and 7.2 µM [propiverine, 30 mg daily, immediate release (IR)] for the inhibition of CYP2D6 yielded a predicted 1.9-fold and 1.4-fold increase in the area under the curve (AUC) of debrisoquine (CYP2D6 substrate), respectively. Due to the inhibition of the particular intestinal CYP3A4, the obtained Ki values of 14 µM of propiverine (30 mg daily, IR) resulted in a predicted doubling of the AUC for midazolam (CYP3A4 substrate).

Conclusions:

In vitro/ in vivo extrapolation based on pharmacokinetic data and the conducted screening experiments yielded similar effects of darifenacin on CYP2D6 and propiverine on CYP3A4 as obtained in separately conducted in vivo DDI studies. As a novel finding, propiverine was identified to potentially inhibit CYP2D6 at clinically occurring concentrations.
Strangers in a Stadium
Authors: Jackson Joshua Conrad , Bilkey David , Jong Jonathan , Rossignac-Milon Maya , Halberstadt Jamin
Published: June 2017

Social group dynamics are a defining topic of psychological science, yet the field still lacks methods of tracking groups with precision and control. Previous methods have been hampered by limitations either to external validity (e.g., ecologically deficient environments) or to internal validity (e.g., quasi-experimental designs), but a new technique—which we term in vivo behavioral tracking (IBT)—resolves this trade-off. Through IBT, we track large numbers of people in controlled environments over time, while storing precise behavioral data that can be linked to information regarding participants’ attitudes, personality, and demographics. In this article, we describe the fundamentals, assumptions, and challenges of IBT methodology. We also compare IBT to other tracking methods and illustrate some insights it has provided into group formation and cooperation. We argue that IBT is a highly valid and surprisingly feasible method of studying groups that should be used alongside more traditional forms of data collection.
Co-constructed health narratives during a ‘media event’: The case of the first Dutch Twitter heart operation
Authors: Adams Samantha , Schiffers Puck
Published: June 2017

Objective

This article examines the relationship between microblogging and the development of health narrative through the lens of an institution-initiated media event, the first live-tweeted heart operation in the Netherlands. It specifically addresses the question, how does health narrative take shape on a microblog and other (social) media, through the combination of self-initiated status updates, reactions to questions and short conversations with followers?

Methods

A combination of qualitative and quantitative data analysis was used to identify prominent themes in the tweets and trace the complex process by which the narrative took shape. The results presented here are derived from the qualitative analysis.

Results

There are four recurring health narrative themes in the tweets: (a) new challenges to professionalism; (b) mutual exchanges of information, support and advice; (c) increasingly personal (and public) details; and (d) questions about ‘resuming normalcy’. The special nature of this case also reveals interesting features, such as the multiple narrative starting points and the phenomenon of ‘tweeting by proxy’, and raises a number of critical questions regarding this type of use of social media in healthcare.

Conclusions

In the discussion we reflect on whether/how microblogged health narratives are really ‘new’ and on the implications of this single case for understanding the relationship between social media, health narrative and the changing relationships between information technologies, actors and institutions. We further examine this case as an example of what Lupton has deemed the ‘digital patient experience economy’, in reference to patients increasingly being encouraged to post experiences of their illness and encounters with the healthcare system to online platforms, where these shared experiences become valorised and monetised.
Circular external fixation and cemented PMMA spacers for the treatment of complex tibial fractures and infected nonunions with segmental bone loss
Authors: van Niekerk Andries H , Birkholtz Franz F , de Lange Phillip , Tetsworth Kevin , Hohmann Erik
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of combined circular external fixation and cemented polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer application between a cohort of patients with grade 3 open fractures and infected tibial nonunions and concomitant segmental bone loss.

Methods:

The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. All patients who were treated for complex tibial fractures or infected nonunions with segmental bone loss between 2009 and 2013 were included if they were aged between 16 years and 60 years, sustained acute traumatic grade 3 open tibial fractures, presented with infected nonunion, and were followed up for a minimum of 12 months. Patients with a history of ipsilateral tibial fractures, contralateral lower extremity fractures, polytrauma, chest, or abdominal trauma and patients with head injuries were excluded. Both groups were treated with aggressive debridement, circular external fixation, and antibiotic-impregnated PMMA spacer. Outcome measures were the time in the external fixator (EFT) and the external fixation index (EFI).

Results:

Twenty-four patients with a mean age of 32 ± 14.7 years were included. Twelve patients with a mean age of 32 + 14 years and a mean bone defect of 82 + 36 mm were treated for acute complex grade 3 open tibial fractures, and 12 patients with a mean age of 35.1 + 15.7 years and a mean bone defect of 50 + 26 mm were treated for infected nonunions. There was no significant difference ( p = 0.44) between the groups for EFT (249 ± 99 days—tibial fractures; 255 ± 142 days—infected nonunion). There were significant between group differences ( p = 0.027) for EFI (37.3 ± 9.1 cm/days—tibial fractures; 56 ± 14.5 cm/days—infected nonunion).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study suggest that patients were treated for infected nonunion with segmental bone loss using circular external fixation, distraction osteogenesis, and antibiotic-impregnated PMMA spacers, and the spacers may not offer any advantage over a conventional approach using the principles of osteogenesis only. In contrast, antibiotic-impregnated spacers for open tibial trauma were advantageous and reduced the EFI considerably.
The Economics of Climate Mitigation: Exploring the Relative Significance of the Incentives for and Barriers to Low-carbon Investment in Urban Areas
Authors: Colenbrander Sarah , Sudmant Andrew H. , Gouldson Andy , Albuquerque Igor Reis de , McAnulla Faye , Sousa Ynara Oliviera de
Published: June 2017

Achieving net zero emissions by 2050, as envisioned in the Paris Agreement, will require radical changes to urban form and function. Securing the necessary commitments and resources will be easier in the presence of a compelling economic case for mitigation. Focusing on Recife in Brazil, this article evaluates a wide range of low-carbon measures under different discount rates and energy prices. It finds that under less favourable conditions (high discount rates, constant energy prices), the city could reduce its emissions by 15 per cent, relative to business-as-usual (BAU) trends, through investment which would generate returns at market interest rates. Under more favourable conditions (low discount rates, increasing energy prices), the city could reduce emissions by 25 per cent with market-rate returns. That these opportunities have not been exploited indicates that barriers to low-carbon investment, including poor provision of information, transaction costs and capacity deficits may be of greater importance than the scale of direct incentives for raising climate investment. Decision makers therefore need to prioritise the dismantling of these obstacles to low-carbon investment and fostering of norms of environmental citizenship within cities.
An aptamer-based targeted delivery of miR-26a protects mice against chemotherapy toxicity while suppressing tumor growth
Authors: Tanno Toshihiko , Zhang Peng , Lazarski Christopher A. , Liu Yang , Zheng Pan
Published: June 2017

Key Points

miR-26a is a key regulator for apoptosis of cancer cells and hematopoietic toxicity of chemotherapy. A novel chimera with an anti-KIT aptamer and miR-26a can selectively deliver microRNA to cancer cells and HSPCs.
Diffuse Infiltrating Oligodendroglioma and Astrocytoma
Authors: van den Bent Martin J. , Smits Marion , Kros Johan M. , Chang Susan M.
Published: June 2017

The new 2016 WHO brain tumor classification defines different diffuse gliomas primarily according to the presence or absence of IDH mutations ( IDH-mt) and combined 1p/19q loss. Today, the diagnosis of anaplastic oligodendroglioma requires the presence of both IDH-mt and 1p/19q co-deletion, whereas anaplastic astrocytoma is divided into IDH wild-type ( IDH-wt) and IDH-mt tumors. IDH-mt tumors have a more favorable prognosis, and tumors with low-grade histology especially tend evolve slowly. IDH-wt tumors are not a homogeneous entity and warrant further molecular testing because some have glioblastoma-like molecular features with poor clinical outcome. Treatment consists of a resection that should be as extensive as safely possible, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Trials of patients with newly diagnosed grade II or III glioma have shown survival benefit from adding chemotherapy to radiotherapy compared with initial treatment using radiotherapy alone. Both temozolomide and the combination of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine provide survival benefit. In contrast, trials that compare single modality treatment of chemotherapy alone with radiotherapy alone did not observe survival differences. Currently, for patients with grade II or III gliomas who require postsurgical treatment, the preferred treatment consists of a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Low-grade gliomas with favorable characteristics are slow-growing tumors. When deciding on the timing of postsurgical treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, both clinical and molecular factors should be taken into account, but a more conservative approach can be considered initially in some of these patients. The factor that best predicts benefit of chemotherapy in grade II and III glioma remains to be established.
Brain Tumor Imaging
Authors: Brindle Kevin M. , Izquierdo-García José L. , Lewis David Y. , Mair Richard J. , Wright Alan J.
Published: June 2017

Modern imaging techniques, particularly functional imaging techniques that interrogate some specific aspect of underlying tumor biology, have enormous potential in neuro-oncology for disease detection, grading, and tumor delineation to guide biopsy and resection; monitoring treatment response; and targeting radiotherapy. This brief review considers the role of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography in these areas and discusses the factors that limit translation of new techniques to the clinic, in particular, the cost and difficulties associated with validation in multicenter clinical trials.
Genomic Analysis of Childhood Brain Tumors: Methods for Genome-Wide Discovery and Precision Medicine Become Mainstream
Authors: Mack Stephen C. , Northcott Paul A.
Published: June 2017

Recent breakthroughs in next-generation sequencing technology and complementary genomic platforms have transformed our capacity to interrogate the molecular landscapes of human cancers, including childhood brain tumors. Numerous high-throughput genomic studies have been reported for the major histologic brain tumor entities diagnosed in children, including interrogations at the level of the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome, many of which have yielded essential new insights into disease biology. The nature of these discoveries has been largely platform dependent, exemplifying the usefulness of applying different genomic and computational strategies, or integrative approaches, to address specific biologic and/or clinical questions. The goal of this article is to summarize the spectrum of molecular profiling methods available for investigating genomic aspects of childhood brain tumors in both the research and the clinical setting. We provide an overview of the main next-generation sequencing and array-based technologies currently being applied in this field and draw from key examples in the recent neuro-oncology literature to illustrate how these genomic approaches have profoundly advanced our understanding of individual tumor entities. Moreover, we discuss the current status of genomic profiling in the clinic and how different platforms are being used to improve patient diagnosis and stratification, as well as to identify actionable targets for informing molecularly guided therapies, especially for patients for whom conventional standard-of-care treatments have failed. Both the demand for genomic testing and the main challenges associated with incorporating genomics into the clinical management of pediatric patients with brain tumors are discussed, as are recommendations for incorporating these assays into future clinical trials.
Chemical genetics and strigolactone perception
Authors: Lumba Shelley , Bunsick Michael , McCourt Peter
Published: June 2017

Strigolactones (SLs) are a collection of related small molecules that act as hormones in plant growth and development. Intriguingly, SLs also act as ecological communicators between plants and mycorrhizal fungi and between host plants and a collection of parasitic plant species. In the case of mycorrhizal fungi, SLs exude into the soil from host roots to attract fungal hyphae for a beneficial interaction. In the case of parasitic plants, however, root-exuded SLs cause dormant parasitic plant seeds to germinate, thereby allowing the resulting seedling to infect the host and withdraw nutrients. Because a laboratory-friendly model does not exist for parasitic plants, researchers are currently using information gleaned from model plants like Arabidopsis in combination with the chemical probes developed through chemical genetics to understand SL perception of parasitic plants. This work first shows that understanding SL signaling is useful in developing chemical probes that perturb SL perception. Second, it indicates that the chemical space available to probe SL signaling in both model and parasitic plants is sizeable. Because these parasitic pests represent a major concern for food insecurity in the developing world, there is great need for chemical approaches to uncover novel lead compounds that perturb parasitic plant infections.
Accessibility to health services among migrant workers in the Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Khongthanachayopit Suprawee , Laohasiriwong Wongsa
Published: June 2017

Background. There is an increasing trend of trans-border migration from neighboring countries to Thailand. According to human rights laws, everyone must have access to health services, even if they are from other nationalities.  However, a small minority of health personnel in Thailand discriminate against immigrant workers, as they are from a lower financial bracket.

Methods. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of accessibility to health services and factors associated with access to health services among migrant workers who work along the Northeast border of Thailand. A total of 621 legal migrant workers were randomly selected to respond to a structured questionnaire about the satisfaction of health services, using the 5As of health services: availability; accessibility; accommodation; affordability; acceptability.  Associations between independent variables and access to health services were analysed   using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results. The results indicated that the majority of these registered migrant workers were female (63.9%) with an average age of 29± 8.61 years old, and were married (54.3%). Most of the workers worked at restaurants (80%), whereas only 20% were in agricultural sectors. Only 14% (95% CI: 11-17%) of migrant workers had access to health services. The factors that were significantly associated with accessibility to health service experienced ill health during the past one year (OR = 2.48; 95%CI; 1.54–3.97; p-value<0.001); have been married (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.40 – 3.90; p-value <0.001).

Conclusions. Most of the migrant workers could not access health services. The ones who did access health services were married or ill.
No evidence for clonal transmission of urogenital carcinoma in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)
Authors: Ní Leathlobhair Máire , Gulland Frances M.D. , Murchison Elizabeth P.
Published: June 2017

Urogenital carcinoma is a highly metastatic cancer affecting California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). The disease has high prevalence amongst stranded animals, and is one of the most commonly observed cancers in wildlife. The genital localisation of primary tumours suggests the possibility that coital transmission of an infectious agent could underlie this disease. Otarine herpesvirus type 1 has been associated with lesions, however a causative role for this virus has not been confirmed. We investigated the possibility that urogenital carcinoma might be clonally transmissible, spread by the direct transfer of cancer cells. Analysis of sequences at the mitochondrial DNA control region in seven matched tumour and host pairs confirmed that tumour genotypes were identical to those of their matched hosts and did not show similarity with tumours from other individuals. Thus our findings suggest that urogenital carcinoma in California sea lions is not clonally transmitted, but rather arises from transformed host cells.
Comercio interregional de bienes manufacturados en los países de la Alianza del Pacífico desde la Teoría de Linder
Authors: Ovando Aldana Wendy , Canales García Rosa Azalea , Munguía Vázquez Gabriela
Published: June 2017

Derivadas de la restructuración económica de finales del siglo XX, la lógica del mercado y la apertura comercial se han convertido en los ejes rectores del sistema capitalista. La disminución de las barreras al comercio internacional y los acuerdos comerciales son mecanismos que permiten la promoción del libre comercio. La Alianza del Pacífico representa una iniciativa de integración regional de reciente creación y a cinco años de su firma es necesaria una evaluación. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la evolución del comercio de bienes manufacturados entre las naciones de la Alianza del Pacífico. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, esta investigación se basa en la Teoría de Linder que establece que el comercio de bienes manufacturados será más intensivo entre países de similar ingreso per cápita. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con datos de la United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) y posteriormente se empleó un modelo gravitacional modificado. Con base en la evidencia empírica se establece que el comercio de bienes manufacturados entre las nacionesde la Alianza del Pacífico es marginal. Los países signatarios presentan mayor comerciocon otras naciones, principalmente Estados Unidos y China, aun cuando las distancias geográficas con estos países son mayores.
The Norm Prohibiting the Chewing of Coca Leaf: From the International System to the Colombian State
Authors: Fernandez Lopez Julian Andres
Published: June 2017

Este artículo trata sobre el proceso de adopción de los tratados internacionales de drogas en el orden jurídico interno colombiano. La ley internacional establece que los únicos usos lícitos para las substancias que son objeto de vigilancia, como es elcaso de la hoja de coca, son los medicinales y científicos. Por lo tanto, la masticación de hoja de coca realizada por las comunidades indígenas andinas debe ser eliminada. El Estado colombiano ha firmado y ratificado estos tratados internacionales y tiene la responsabilidad de respetar sus compromisos internacionales. Sin embargo, siendo una nación multicultural con dos sistemas formales e igualitarios de derecho (el indígena y la jurisdicción ordinaria) y con el incremento de la participación de las comunidades indígenas en la política colombiana la tarea produce una confrontación. El Estado colombiano se encuentra frente a un dilema: por un lado, cumplir con sus obligaciones jurídicas internacionales y por el otro respetar los derechos de las comunidades indígenas.
De Walter White a Heisenberg: el camino del (anti)héroe en la sociedad del riesgo
Authors: Aguado Peláez Delicia
Published: June 2017

El nuevo milenio revitaliza las tesis de ulrich beck (2008) y su sociedad del riesgo a través de dos grandes acontecimientos que golpean a Estados unidos en el arranque del siglo XXI: los atentados del 11 de septiembre —y sus consecuencias— y la gran recesión. Precisamente en este ambiente de incertidumbre se desarrolla uno de los momentos de mayor esplendor para las producciones dramáticas estadounidenses conocida como la tercera Edad Dorada de la televisión. Este doble contexto es el punto de partida de la presente investigación que se centra en el papel de la ficción en la reproducción de la sensación de miedo. Así pues, el estudio se centra en Breaking Bad (AMC, 2008-2013), uno de los grandes éxitos de esta época de calidad e innovación. De esta forma, y haciendo uso del análisis de contenido cualitativo, se estudia la influencia de la sociedad del riesgo a partir del impacto del miedo en la trama, prestando especial atención a la construcción del personaje principal y su consecuente evolución hacia el antiheroísmo. Una investigación que revela la importancia de la ficción a la hora de explicar y reproducir el presente ambiente de incertidumbre.
Ciudades inteligentes y apps para la ciudadanía. Análisis de casos pioneros en España
Authors: Cabezuelo-Lorenzo Francisco , Barceló Ugarte Teresa , Barceló Ugarte Teresa , Sánchez Martínez María , Sánchez Martínez María
Published: June 2017

Las ciudades inteligentes (smart cities) representan la evolución natural de la urbe tradicional gracias a la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación a sus procesos de funcionamiento cotidiano. En la actualidad, se están implantando infraestructuras y dispositivos dirigidos a un amplio marco de acción de muy variada influencia en donde eficiencia energética, accesibilidad, movilidad, reducción de la contaminación o recursos sostenibles son los ítems más repetidos. En este proceso de transformación integral de la ciudad, los ciudadanos y los contenidos que van dirigidos a ellos deberían ser prioritarios, sin embargo parecen estar ausentes en la gran mayoría de estudios e investigaciones al respecto. Este trabajo centra su atención en el análisis de las aplicaciones digitales de las ciudades españolas de Valencia, A Coruña y Burgos, pioneras en el área de las smart cities y sus contenidos, así como en las innovaciones que mejoran su integración en el nuevo ecosistema digital.
Do nurse staffing levels affect patient mortality in acute secondary care?
Authors: Hill Barry
Published: June 2017

This systematic literature review explores and considers whether registered nurse staffing levels affect patient mortality in acute secondary care settings. A discussion makes particular reference to the philosophical foundations of contrasting research approaches used within the literature. At the time of writing, the author was a modern matron for surgery, managing the ear, nose and throat; head and neck; airway; and reconstructive plastic surgery services in a large acute teaching hospital in central London. Effective management and leadership of acute clinical areas requires appropriate nurse:patient ratios. In practice settings, patient to staff ratios are based on care being provided by highly skilled and competent nurses providing best-quality, evidence-based practice.
From staff nurse to nurse consultant
Authors: Fowler John
Published: June 2017

John Fowler, educational consultant and part-time university chaplain, examines the role of clinically based nurses in caring for the spiritual needs of patients who are Buddhists
Rape within heterosexual intimate relationships in Iran: legal frameworks, cultural and structural violence
Authors: Aghtaie Nadia
Published: June 2017

Rape and sexual assault are widespread but significantly under-reported worldwide. This is more so in countries where the legal system and the cultural context provide impunity for the perpetrators of sexual violence, and which sometimes blame victims for provoking the assault. Secondary victimisation of rape and sexual assault victims through the responses of individuals and institutions are prevalent globally. However, this silence might be enforced further by the patriarchal legal system and long-established traditional cultures. This article aims to theorise rape within the Iranian context employing the concepts of cultural and structural violence from a feminist perspective. Such conceptualisation will facilitate a demonstration of the interplay between victims, perpetrators, the culture and the state.
Patient safety culture as perceived by intern-ship nursing students
Authors: Mohamed Safaa , Rushdy Fatma
Published: June 2017

Background: Patient Safety Culture is a relatively new concept in health management. Highly reliable health care providers have a patient safety culture incorporated in them. Aim: To assess perception of internship nursing students about patient safety culture during their work-ing at Minia and Assiut Universities Hospitals. Subjects and methods: Descriptive correlation design was utilized for this current study. A convenience sample of nurses' intern, equal both to participate 200 nurse intern from Minia and Assiut Universities Hospitals. The data collected through self-administered questionnaire which includes personal characteristics data and patient safety culture questionnaire. Re-sults: Illustrated the positive correlation between all factors of patient safety culture among internship nursing students in Minia and patient safety level with highly statistically significant differences. There were positive correlations between hospital work area / unit and residence with statistically significant differences. Conclusions: There were positive correlations among studied internship nursing students as regard to the level of patient safety and all factors of patient safety cultures (Hospital work area, your supervisor, Communication, Frequency of events reported, Patient safety at your hospital). Recommendations: Study the association between patient safety culture and quality of care from patients’ perspectives.
Oldest fruit of Phyllanthaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Singpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Kapgate Dashrath , Manchester Steven R. , Stuppy Wolfgang
Published: June 2017

A permineralized fruit from the latest Cretaceous of central India is recognized as a member of the malpighialean family Phyllanthaceae. The fruit is a tricarpellate, septicidal capsule 2.8 mm in diameter possessing two ellipsoidal seeds per locule. The pericarp includes two main layers, each uniseriate and composed mainly of columnar cells. This fruit, namedPhyllanthocarpon singpurensisgen. et sp. nov., confirms the presence of Phyllanthaceae in India ca 66 million years ago, well prior to its tectonic fusion with Eurasia, and is an early record for the euphorbioid clade in Malpighiales.
Comparison of Corrosion Resistance in Physiological Saline Solution of Two Austenitic Stainless Steels – 316LV and REX734
Authors: Romańczuk Eliza , Oksiuta Zbigniew
Published: June 2017

In this work two austenitic stainless steels, REX734 and 316LV were tested in terms of their microstructure and corrosion properties. The REX734 is a newer generation stainless steel, with modified chemical composition, in comparison to the 316LV grade. Potentiodynamic study of corrosion resistance was conducted in physiological saline solution (0.9% NaCl solution). In spite of the similarities of microstructure, grain size and phase structure in both materials, the corrosion tests revealed that the REX734, with lower nickel and higher nitrogen content, had better corrosion resistance than 316LV. Repassivation potential in the REX734 was almost six times higher than for the 316LV steel. Superior corrosion resistance of the REX734 steel was also confirmed by surface observations of both materials, since bigger and more densely distributed pits were detected in 316LV alloy.
Frictional Heating with Time-Dependent Specific Power of Friction
Authors: Topczewska Katarzyna
Published: June 2017

In this paper analytical solutions of the thermal problems of friction were received. The appropriate boundary-value problems of heat conduction were formulated and solved for a homogeneous semi–space (a brake disc) heated on its free surface by frictional heat fluxes with different and time-dependent intensities. Solutions were obtained in dimensionless form using Duhamel's theorem. Based on received solutions, evolution and spatial distribution of the dimensionless temperature were analyzed using numerical methods. The numerical results allowed to determine influence of the time distribution of friction power on the spatio-temporal temperature distribution in brake disc.
Application of Finite Element Method for Analysis of Nanostructures
Authors: Bocko Jozef , Lengvarský Pavol
Published: June 2017

The paper deals with application of the finite element method in modelling and simulation of nanostructures. The finite element model is based on beam elements with stiffness properties gained from the quantum mechanics and nonlinear spring elements with force-displacement relation are gained from Morse potential. Several basic mechanical properties of structures are computed by homogenization of nanostructure, e.g. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio. The problems connecting with geometrical parameters of nanostructures are considered and their influences to resulting homogenized quantities are mentioned.
Failure of Physical Vapour Deposition Coating Zirconium Nitride on the Punch of Clinching Tool
Authors: Džupon Miroslav , Kaščák Ľuboš , Németh Dušan , Kubík Réne
Published: June 2017

A tool with a punch of ø5 mm and a die with a specially formed circular cavity and an annular gap was used for mechanical joining of thin hot-dip galvanized steel sheets. The active parts of punch and die were covered by PVD coating of ZrN type with LARC technology. The punches and the dies were tested in a complex tool by joining thin hot-dip galvanized steel sheets with the pressing force of 7,000 N. Decohesion of coating with width of 100 – 200 μm was observed in the perimeter of cylindrical part of ø5×4 mm in the in edge of punch radius R = 0.5 mm with deposited ZrN coating after the creation of 150 mechanical joints. The decohesion of PVD coating occurred mainly in the surroundings of the radius R = 0.5 mm on the front plane of ø15 mm part.
Bandwidth Assessment for MultiRotor UAVs
Authors: Ferrarese Gastone
Published: June 2017

This paper is a technical note about the theoretical evaluation of the bandwidth of multirotor helicopters. Starting from a mathematical linear model of the dynamics of a multirotor aircraft, the transfer functions of the state variables that deeply affect the stability characteristics of the aircraft are obtained. From these transfer functions, the frequency response analysis of the system is effected. After this analysis, the bandwidth of the system is defined. This result is immediately utilized for the design of discrete PID controllers for hovering flight stabilization. Numeric simulations are shown to demonstrate that the knowledge of the bandwidth is a valid aid in the design of flight control systems of these machines.
Research advances in reactivation of hepatitis virus after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma-combined hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Ma Shujun
Published: June 2017

Infection rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in our country remains high. Many patients showed combined HBV infection; the most common blood system disease is non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)-combined HBV infection. Drugs used in treating lymphoma may induce different degrees of HBV reactivation. Such condition may lead to hepatic failure or death. Currently, scholars pay increasing attention to reactivation of HBV by rituximab and/or chemotherapy for NHL-combined HBV patients. This study summarizes research advances in this topic, with a view of providing background information for further research.
Review of Research on Immunotherapy of Severe Surgical Infection
Authors: Liang Quan
Published: June 2017

Severe surgical infection refers to infection after surgical treatment or surgical operation, accounting for approximately 30% of surgical diseases. This type of infection can cause extensive inflammation and tissue injury and reduce success rate of surgical treatments. Immune defense plays an important role in antiinfection treatment of hosts. Infection immunity is a series of physiological defense mechanisms for recognition of immune system and removal of pathogens. As for severe surgical infection, immunotherapy becomes an important and promising therapy for severe surgical infection. This study summarizes recent progresses achieved in immunization and immunotherapy of surgical infection.
Research Progress on Effects of Regulatory B Cells in Infection Immunity
Authors: Miao Ting
Published: June 2017

B cells play immunomodulatory roles mainly by presenting antigens and producing antibodies. In recent years, some B cells were shown to exhibit regulatory functions. This type of B cell was named regulatory B cells (Bregs). Bregs can mediate immune tolerance to inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and to accelerate recovery of inflammation by producing interleukin 10 and/or transforming growth factor β1 and other inhibitory cytokines. Studies showed that Bregs play important roles in parasites, bacteria, and viral infections. This study reviews biological characteristics, functions, and microsignal regulation of Bregs and their mechanism in infectious diseases and related research progress.
Re-shaping King Lear: Space, Place, Costume, and Genre
Authors: Hattaway Michael
Published: June 2017

Performance studies must enjoy parity of esteem with critical studies because they remind us of the plurality of “readings” that are generated by a Shakespearean text. Shakespeare seems to have apprehended this when, in Othello, he used a nonce-word, “denotement”, which applies to Othello’s reading of his wife in his mind’s eye. I examine other sequences in which we watch a character “reading” on-stage or imagined action, in Hamlet, Titus Andronicus, Cymbeline, Richard II, and Troilus and Cressida. In Hamlet this involves re-reading as well as generic displacement, which, I argue, is a way of rendering inwardness. As I test case, I analyse a production of King Lear by Shakespeare’s Globe, on a fairground stage, in which the king reshaped himself, became a folkloric figure, like a figure in Nashe’s Summer’s Last Will and Testament. The play itself was thus, indecorously, reshaped as “The Tale of King Lear”. “Dramatic truth”, therefore, in no way depends upon theatrical “realism”.