bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reporting of paediatric osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and potential impact on clinical management: the need for standardised and structured reporting
Authors: Martin H. , Henderson A. , Allen R. , Childs A. M. , Dunne J. , Horrocks I. , Joseph S. , Kraft J. K. , Ward K. , Mushtaq T. , Mason A. , Kyriakou A. , Wong S. C.
Published: December 2023

Background

In boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), initiation of bisphosphonate is recommended upon identification of moderate or severe vertebral fractures, even if asymptomatic. Clear radiological reporting is important for consistency of clinical interpretation and management.

Objectives

To audit radiology reports of spine imaging for vertebral fracture assessment in DMD, and assess potential impact on diagnosis and management.

Materials and Methods

Lateral thoracolumbar spine imaging (71 lateral spine radiographs and 13 lateral dual energy absorptiometry spine image) in 84 boys with DMD performed across two centres. Anonymised radiology reports by paediatric radiologists were circulated to two neuromuscular clinicians and two endocrinologists. Clinicians determined if there was vertebral fracture, no vertebral fracture, or unclear interpretation. Endocrinologists also determined if bisphosphonate was indicated. A single observer (a clinician with expertise in vertebral fracture assessment) performed vertebral fracture assessment in 37 images and re-reported using a structured format. Structured reports were re-circulated to the four clinicians to re-evaluate the degree of concordance in clinical diagnosis of vertebral fracture and treatment decisions with bisphosphonate.

Results

The term “fracture” was used in 25/84 (30%) radiology reports and only in 8/43 (19%) with description of vertebral body abnormalities. Fracture grading was included in 7/43 (16%) radiology reports. Diagnostic concordance by the clinicians was noted in 36/84 (43%). Unclear interpretation was noted in 22% to 51% based on radiology reports. No unclear interpretation was noted with structured reports. Complete diagnostic (37/37, 100%) and treatment (37/37, 100%) concordance was noted with the structured reports, whereas complete diagnostic and treatment concordance was noted in only 16/37 (43%) and 17/37 (46%) of the radiology reports, respectively.

Conclusion

Only a third of radiology reports of spine imaging in DMD explicitly used the terminology “fracture”. Grading was only noted in a small percentage. Variability in diagnostic interpretation by clinicians may lead to differing management plans. As identification of vertebral fracture is a trigger for treatment, developing reporting guidelines for paediatric vertebral fracture assessment will improve care. A structured template should be introduced for radiological reporting of paediatric vertebral fracture assessment.
Inverse association between Paleolithic Diet Fraction and mortality and incidence of cardiometabolic disease in the prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer Study
Authors: Rydhög Björn , Carrera-Bastos Pedro , Granfeldt Yvonne , Sundquist Kristina , Sonestedt Emily , Nilsson Peter M. , Jönsson Tommy
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Paleolithic Diet Fraction (PDF) estimates how large a portion of the absolute dietary intake stems from food groups included in the Paleolithic diet. In randomized controlled trials higher PDFs have been associated with healthier levels of cardiometabolic risk markers. Our aim was to build upon these findings by examining associations between PDF and mortality and incidence of cardiometabolic disease in the prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.

Methods

PDF was calculated from an interview-based, modified diet history method, and associations were estimated by using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. The examined cohort consisted of 24,104 individuals (44–74 years, 63% women) without previous coronary events, diabetes, or stroke at baseline (1992–1996). A total of 10,092 individuals died during a median follow-up of 18 years.

Results

Median PDF was 40% (0–90%). The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for PDF as a continuous variable (from 0 to 100%) were for risk of death from all causes 0.55 [95% CI 0.45, 0.66], tumor 0.68 [95% CI 0.49, 0.93], cardiovascular 0.55 [95% CI 0.39, 0.78], respiratory 0.44 [95% CI 0.21, 0.90], neurological 0.26 [95% CI 0.11, 0.60], digestive, 0.10 [95% CI 0.03, 0.30], and other diseases 0.64 [95% CI 0.41, 1.00]. The corresponding HR for risk of coronary event was 0.61 [95% 0.43, 0.86], for ischemic stroke it was 0.73 [95% 0.48, 1.09] and for type 2 diabetes it was 0.82 [95% 0.61, 1.10].

Conclusion

Observational data suggest an inverse association between PDF and all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality and incidence of cardiometabolic disease.
A commentary on Eaves et al. with a special focus on clinical neurorehabilitation
Authors: Schuster-Amft Corina , Behrendt Frank
Published: December 2023

We very much appreciate the theoretical foundations and considerations of AO, MI, and their combination AO + MI by Eaves et al. In their exploratory review, the authors highlight the beneficial effects of the combined use of AO and MI, with a particular focus on synchronous AO and MI. From a neurorehabilitation perspective, different processes may apply to patients, particularly after a stroke. As suggested by Eaves et al., the cognitive load might prevent the use of synchronous AO + MI and the asynchronous application of AO and MI might be indicated. Furthermore, some aspects should be considered when applying AO + MI in rehabilitation: screening for the patients’ cognitive capabilities and MI ability, and a familiarisation programme for AO and MI, before starting with an AO + MI training. With their review, Eaves et al. propose a number of research questions in the field of neurorehabilitation that urgently need to be addressed: the use of asynchronous vs. synchronous AOMI, observation and imagination with or without errors, or use of different MI perspectives and modes in different learning stages. This commentary provides some additional suggestions on patients’ MI ability and cognitive level, MI familiarisation and detailed reporting recommendations to transfer Eaves et al. findings into clinical practice.
Impact of wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge on the antibiotic resistome in downstream aquatic environments: a mini review
Authors: Su Zhiguo , Chen Lyujun , Wen Donghui
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a significant challenge in human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), acting as a link between human activities and the environment, create ideal conditions for the selection and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Unfortunately, current treatment processes are ineffective in removing ARGs, resulting in the release of large quantities of ARB and ARGs into the aquatic environment through WWTP effluents. This, in turn, leads to their dispersion and potential transmission to human through water and the food chain. To safeguard human and environmental health, it is crucial to comprehend the mechanisms by which WWTP effluent discharge influences the distribution and diffusion of ARGs in downstream waterbodies. In this study, we examine the latest researches on the antibiotic resistome in various waterbodies that have been exposed to WWTP effluent, highlighting the key influencing mechanisms. Furthermore, recommendations for future research and management strategies to control the dissemination of ARGs from WWTPs to the environment are provided, with the aim to achieve the “One Health” objective.
Enhancing Patient Satisfaction in Cross-Regional Healthcare: a Cross-Sectional Study in the Knowledge-Based Healthcare Landscape
Authors: Li Li , Cui Xin , Feng Wei
Published: December 2023

In the wake of China’s monumental achievement in establishing the world’s most extensive social health insurance system, encompassing 1.4 billion individuals, a unique challenge known as the “siphoning effect” has emerged. This effect involves insured individuals seeking medical care predominantly in major urban centers, straining resources and hindering local healthcare service development. A policy innovation of cross-regional direct settlement of medical outpatient expenses has been implemented nationwide to address this. However, increased population mobility and urbanization have introduced new complexities, prompting insured individuals to seek healthcare beyond their home regions. This study explores the determinants of patient satisfaction in the context of cross-regional medical treatment, adopting a comprehensive approach across six independent dimensions. Findings indicate a 70% satisfaction rate, emphasizing room for improvement, particularly in communication and service efficiency. The study reaffirms the significance of medical competence and professionalism as primary determinants of patient satisfaction, highlighting their robustness in diverse healthcare contexts. Sociodemographic factors also play a crucial role, emphasizing the need for tailored services. Also, accessible information within hospital settings proves vital in enhancing patient satisfaction. This research calls for prioritizing investments in enhancing medical competence and professionalism among healthcare staff. It underscores the importance of adapting services to cater to specific patient groups’ characteristics and the need for standardization in medical insurance policies. A patient-centered approach is crucial to ensure comprehensive and easily understandable information, ultimately enhancing overall patient satisfaction in cross-regional medical treatment within China’s evolving healthcare system. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of healthcare management and services.
Impact of an antibiotic stewardship initiative on urgent-care respiratory prescribing across patient race, ethnicity, and language
Authors: Seibert Allan M. , Hersh Adam L. , Patel Payal K. , Hicks Lauri A. , Fino Nora , Stanfield Valoree , Stenehjem Edward A.
Published: December 2023

We conducted a post hoc analysis of an antibiotic stewardship intervention implemented across our health system’s urgent-care network to determine whether there was a differential impact among patient groups. Respiratory urgent-care antibiotic prescribing decreased for all racial, ethnic, and preferred language groups, but disparities in antibiotic prescribing persisted.
RadioGalaxyNET: Dataset and novel computer vision algorithms for the detection of extended radio galaxies and infrared hosts
Authors: Gupta Nikhel , Hayder Zeeshan , Norris Ray P. , Huynh Minh , Petersson Lars
Published: December 2023

Creating radio galaxy catalogues from next-generation deep surveys requires automated identification of associated components of extended sources and their corresponding infrared hosts. In this paper, we introduce RadioGalaxyNET, a multimodal dataset, and a suite of novel computer vision algorithms designed to automate the detection and localization of multi-component extended radio galaxies and their corresponding infrared hosts. The dataset comprises 4 155 instances of galaxies in 2 800 images with both radio and infrared channels. Each instance provides information about the extended radio galaxy class, its corresponding bounding box encompassing all components, the pixel-level segmentation mask, and the keypoint position of its corresponding infrared host galaxy. RadioGalaxyNET is the first dataset to include images from the highly sensitive Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope, corresponding infrared images, and instance-level annotations for galaxy detection. We benchmark several object detection algorithms on the dataset and propose a novel multimodal approach to simultaneously detect radio galaxies and the positions of infrared hosts.
Effects of neighborhood disadvantage and peer deviance on adolescent antisocial behavior: Testing potential interactions with age-of-onset
Authors: Goetz Courtney M. , Frick Paul J. , Thornton Laura , Ray James V. , Wall Meyers Tina , Steinberg Laurence , Cauffman Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Research has suggested that childhood-onset conduct problems (CPs) are more strongly related to individual predispositions, whereas adolescent-onset CP is more strongly associated with social factors, such as peer delinquency. Neighborhood disadvantage (ND) increases the risk for associating with deviant peers. Thus, peer delinquency could mediate the relationship between ND and adolescent-onset CP. This mediational hypothesis has not been tested previously. We tested this hypothesis in 1,127 justice-involved adolescent males using self-reported delinquency and official arrest records over 3 years after the youth’s first arrest as outcomes. Predictors were self-reported and census-derived indicators of ND and self-reported peer delinquency. Age of onset moderated the associations between self-reported ND and arrests and between self-report of peer delinquency and arrests. In both cases, the association was stronger for those with adolescent-onset CP. Peer delinquency mediated all relationships between ND and CP. Our results also showed some unexpected differences in associations depending on whether self-reported ND or census-derived indicators were used as predictors. Specifically, census-derived ND was negatively related to self-reported offending, which could be due to the use of an arrested sample and the need for youth in more advantaged neighborhoods to show a more severe pattern of antisocial behavior to be arrested.
Producing a smaller sound system: Acoustics and articulation of the subset scenario in Gaelic–English bilinguals
Authors: Nance Claire , Kirkham Sam
Published: December 2023

When a bilingual speaker has a larger linguistic sub-system in their L1 than their L2, how are L1 categories mapped to the smaller set of L2 categories? This article investigates this “subset scenario” (Escudero, 2005) through an analysis of laterals in highly proficient bilinguals (Scottish Gaelic L1, English L2). Gaelic has three lateral phonemes and English has one. We examine acoustics and articulation (using ultrasound tongue imaging) of lateral production in speakers’ two languages. Our results suggest that speakers do not copy a relevant Gaelic lateral into their English, instead maintaining language-specific strategies, with speakers also producing English laterals with positional allophony. These results show that speakers develop a separate production strategy for their L2. Our results advance models such as the L2LP which has mainly considered perception data, and also contribute articulatory data to this area of study.
Assessing vocabulary of bilingual German-Turkish preschool children
Authors: Mangold Madlen , Lenhard Wolfgang , Schindler Julia , Schulz Daniel , Richter Tobias
Published: December 2023

The vocabulary of bilingual children is determined by various linguistic factors that develop depending on the language input and individual factors of these children. To understand vocabulary development and to be able to support these children accordingly, the assessment instruments essentially need to be adapted to this individual process. The current study examined factors influencing productive vocabulary performance by means of explanatory item-response models on a sample of 126 German monolingual and Turkish—German bilingual preschool children aged between 3 and 6 years. We analyzed item features with respect to lexical category, length, frequency, age of acquisition, and complexity in dependence of the language background of the children. Apart from a general delay in the development and some language specific characteristics, the results indicate a parallel shifted acquisition of vocabulary in bilingual children, which is nonetheless shaped by the same factors as in monolinguals.
Kant’s Derivation of Imperatives of Duty
Authors: Ramsauer Laurenz
Published: December 2023

On the currently dominant reading of the Groundwork, Kant’s derivation of ‘imperatives of duty’ exemplifies a decision procedure for the derivation of concrete duties in moral deliberation. However, Kant’s response to an often-misidentified criticism of the Groundwork by G. A. Tittel suggests that Kant was remarkably unconcerned with arguing for the practicality of the categorical imperative as a decision procedure. Instead, I argue that the main aim of Kant’s derivation of imperatives of duty was to show how his analysis of the form of moral judgement is indeed presupposed in the four types of moral imperative that philosophers of his time recognized.
Multi‐Timescale Variations of δ18O‐δ13C in Stalagmites: Insights Into Isotopic Disequilibrium and Human Activities
Authors: Duan Wuhui , Cai Binggui , Tao Tao , Yang Xiao , Tan Ming
Published: December 2023

The reasons for covariations of speleothem δ13C and δ18O remain controversial, primarily due to the limited high‐resolution stalagmite records that can be compared with meteorological data. This study presents δ13C and δ18O records of two coeval, annually laminated stalagmites (TS9701 and TS9501) spanning the past ∼2000 years from Shihua cave, Beijing, northern China. The low correlation between stalagmite TS9701 records, with annual resolution, and local annual precipitation as well as mean annual temperature on interannual to decadal scales indicates that the positive covariations of δ18O and δ13C in TS9701 are partly attributed to kinetic isotope effects caused by rapid CO2 degassing. Isotopic disequilibrium between HCO3−(aq) and drip water, induced by prior calcite precipitation on cave ceiling and stalactite surface, is another potential contributing factor. δ18O and δ13C exhibits distinct patterns on multidecadal to millennial timescales. δ18O records show notable centennial variability, aligning with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation cycles. In contrast, δ13C profiles reveal a decreasing trend during the first ∼750 years, followed by an increasing trend. Prior to 1588 AD, variations in δ13C broadly correspond to changes in warm season temperature and/or moisture on centennial scale. Both δ13C records show an abrupt enrichment between 1588 and 1654 AD. Historical documents indicate that this anomaly is likely attributed to coal mining and resultant deforestation around Shihua cave during late‐Ming and early‐Qing Dynasties. In summary, while isotopic disequilibrium can cause high‐frequency covariations of speleothem δ18O and δ13C, it does not erase the imprints of climate changes and human activities on multidecadal to millennial timescales.
Therapeutic effect of microRNA-21 on differentially expressed hub genes in gastric cancer based on systems biology
Authors: Kalajahi Hesam Ghafouri , Yari AmirHossein , Amini Mohammad , Catal Tunc , Ahmadpour Youshanlui Mahya , Pourbagherian Omid , Zhmurov Cigdem Sezer , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad
Published: December 2023

Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of mortality for many people. Cancer’s initiating factors are poorly understood. miR-21 has a crucial function in several malignancies, particularly GC. Furthermore, it has been shown that miR-21 is critical for the emergence and advancement of GC. This work intends to identify new genes which expression is associated with the activity of mir-21 in GC and to investigate the effect of downregulation of mir-21 on these genes and gastric tumorigenesis. We utilized the gene expression profiles of GCs from an Array database (GSE13911) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and gastric cancer groups. Using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) in R, the Gene co-expression network was reconstructed. The microRNA–mRNA network was then reconstructed using the miRWalk database, and by investigating the microRNA–mRNA network, the genes that have an association with mir-21 were found. To implement the functional investigation, MKN and AGS cell lines were transfected with anti-miR-21 next. Subsequently, MTT proliferation was utilized to assess the cell's vitality. qRT-PCR was then used to evaluate the anticipated levels of gene expression in both GC cell lines. This study discovered and predicted CCL28, NR3C2, and SNYPO2 as the targets of miR-21 (GC), which are downregulated through gastric tumorigenesis, showing great potential as therapeutic and diagnostic targets. The suppression of miR-21 in gastric GC cells led to the inhibition of cell proliferation and decreased expression of CCL28, NR3C2, and SNYPO2 genes. This study established that miR-21, via downregulating these genes, contributes significantly to the development of GC. In addition, systems biology techniques identified CCL28, NR3C2, and SNYPO2 genes as possible GC surveillance and therapy components.
Changes in phytochemical properties and water use efficiency of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) using superabsorbent polymer under drought stress
Authors: Sepehri Saloome , Abdoli Sima , Asgari Lajayer Behnam , Astatkie Tess , Price G. W.
Published: December 2023

Water consumption management and the application of advanced techniques in the agricultural sector can significantly contribute to the efficient utilization of limited water resources. This can be achieved by improving soil texture, increasing water retention, reducing erosion, and enhancing seedling germination through the use of superabsorbent polymers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Aquasource superabsorbent (AS) on the morphological characteristics, phytochemical properties, antioxidant content, and water use efficiency of peppermint. It was conducted under different irrigation management and using different superabsorbent levels. Therefore, a 3 × 4 factorial design was used to determine the effects of irrigation intervals (2-, 4-, and 6-day) and different levels of AS amount (zero [control], 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%). The effects of these factors on various parameters (morphological characteristics, essential oil percentage, nutrient, protein, proline, carotenoid, antioxidant, and chlorophyll content, leaf area index, relative water content, and water use efficiency [WUE]) were evaluated. The results showed that morphological characteristics and essential oil percentage decreased significantly under drought stress (increasing the irrigation intervals). However, the addition of 0.5 (wt%) AS improved plant growth conditions. Increasing the amount of superabsorbent used to 1 and 2 (wt%) decreased the measured traits, which indicates the creation of unsuitable conditions for plant growth. AS application improved the growth of the root more than the leaf yield of peppermint. A 0.5 (wt%) addition of AS resulted in root length increases of 3, 13, and 15%, respectively, at irrigation intervals of 2, 4, and 6 days, respectively. Additionally, at 0.5 (wt%) AS, root weight increased by 8, 15, and 16% in 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals, respectively. Also, the height of the plant increased by 3, 5, and 17% at 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals when 0.5 (wt%) of AS was used compared to the control. As well, essential oil percentage increased by 2.14, 2.06, and 1.63% at 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals. The nutrient and protein contents decreased as irrigation intervals and AS usage increased, indicating a similar trend. However, compared with the control, the addition of 0.5 (wt%) of AS resulted in some improvements in nutrients and protein. The highest WUE (3.075 kg m−3) was attained in the 4-day irrigation interval and 1 wt% AS addition. This was followed closely by the 2-day irrigation interval with 1 wt% AS addition at 3.025 kg m−3, and the 4-day irrigation interval with 0.5 wt% AS addition, which reached 2.941 kg m−3. Overall, the use of AS in appropriate amounts (0.5 wt%) can reduce water consumption and enhance essential oil yield and WUE in peppermint cultivation in water-scarce arid and semi-arid regions.
Cauchy DMP: Improving 3C industrial assembly quality with the Cauchy kernel and singular value decomposition
Authors: Liu Meng , Zhu Wenbo , Luo Lufeng , Lu Qinghua , Yeh Weichang , Zhang Yunzhi
Published: December 2023

Although Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMP) is an effective tool for robotic arm trajectory generalisation, the application of DMP in the 3C (Computer, Communication, Consumer Electronics) industry still faces challenges such as low precision and high‐time consumption. To address this problem, we propose a novel Cauchy DMP framework. The main improvements and advantages of Cauchy DMP, compared to the original DMP, are (1) since the Cauchy distribution has a simpler model and wider shape, using the Cauchy distribution instead of the Gaussian distribution in the original DMP reduces the complexity of the algorithm and saves time. (2) Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can effectively model the error. To reduce the interference of the rounding and human error on the trajectory, SVD can be used to obtain the weight of each basis function. The proposed Cauchy DMP framework combines the above two points and is validated on a real UR5 robotic arm. The results show that Cauchy DMP retains the learnability of the original DMP and has the advantages of short time consumption and low error rate.
Membrane Oxygenator Exhaust Capnography for Continuously Estimating Arterial Carbon Dioxide Tension During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Potger Kieron C. , McMillan Darryl , Southwell Joanne , Dando Hayden , O’Shaughnessy Killian
Published: December 2023

Typically, the standard practice for measuring the arterial blood carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is to take intermittent blood samples for analysis by a bench blood gas analyzer. Continuous inline blood gas monitors are available but are expensive. A potential solution is the capnograph, which was evaluated by determining how accurately the carbon dioxide tension in the oxygenator exhaust gases (PECO2) predicts PaCO2. A standard capnograph monitoring line was attached to the exhaust port of the membrane oxygenator. During CPB, the capnograph reading and arterial blood temperature were recorded at the same time as routine arterial blood gases were taken. One hundred fifty-seven blood samples were collected from 78 patients. A good correlation was found between the PECO2 and the temperature corrected PaCO2 (r2 = 0.833, P < .001). There was also a reasonable degree of agreement between the PECO2 and the temperature corrected PaCO2 during all phases of CPB: accuracy (bias or mean difference between PaCO2 and PECO2) of −1.2 mmHg; precision (95% limits of agreement) of ± 4.7 mmHg. These results suggest that oxygenator exhaust capnography may be a simple and inexpensive adjunct to the bench blood gas analyzer in continuously estimating PaCO2 of a clinically useful degree of accuracy during CPB.
Stehen die Bewertungen von Individuellen Gesundheitsleistungen (IGeL)
des IGeL-Monitors im Einklang mit Leitlinien?
Authors: Becker Monika , Hansen Ute , Eikermann Michaela
Published: December 2023

Ziel der Studie Der IGeL-Monitor des Medizinischen Dienstes Bund
untersucht Nutzen und Schaden Individueller Gesundheitsleistungen (IGeL). Das
Ziel der Analyse war eine systematische Gegenüberstellung von
Bewertungen aktueller IGeL-Themen und den Empfehlungen aus evidenzbasierten
Leitlinien.

Methodik Zur Identifikation evidenzbasierter Leitlinien wurden Recherchen
in Leitliniendatenbanken (AWMF, Guidelines International Network und Trip
Database) sowie auf Internetseiten von Leitlinienorganisationen
durchgeführt (Februar/März 2022). Es wurden Leitlinien
eingeschlossen, die nicht älter als 5 Jahre waren. Die methodische
Qualität der Leitlinien wurde mit dem AGREE II-Instrument bewertet. Die
Empfehlungen wurden inhaltlich sowie hinsichtlich der Empfehlungsstärke
mit den IGeL-Bewertungen abgeglichen.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 41 LL zu 24 aktuellen IGel-Themen identifiziert. 19
(79%) Bewertungen stimmten (nahezu) mit den Leitlinienempfehlungen
überein. Zu fünf IGeL-Themen war kein Abgleich möglich,
da zum Beispiel die Empfehlungen spezifischer waren. Zehn der 13 IGeL, die
(tendenziell) negativ bewertet wurden, wurden auch in den Leitlinien nicht
empfohlen.

Schlussfolgerung In der Gesamtschau stimmen die Aussagen aus den
IGeL-Bewertungen mit den Empfehlungen aktueller LL überein. Hiernach
scheinen Leitliniengruppen die Evidenz ähnlich einzuschätzen wie
das Team des IGeL-Monitors. Insbesondere zu (tendenziell) negativ bewerteten
IGeL, die auch in Leitlinien nicht empfohlen werden, sollten Versicherte ehrlich
über die Evidenz aufgeklärt werden.
Versorgung von Patient*innen an umweltmedizinischen
Ambulanzen in Deutschland am Beispiel der Universitätskliniken in
Hamburg und München
Authors: Gigl Ramona , Quartucci Caroline , Nowak Dennis , Ochmann Uta , Garrido Marcial Velasco , Preisser Alexandra M. , Harth Volker , Herr Caroline Eva Wella , Heinze Stefanie
Published: December 2023

Menschen können sich durch verschiedene Umweltfaktoren (z. B.
Geruch, Lärm) belästigt fühlen und dadurch Beschwerden
oder Erkrankungen entwickeln. Für Betroffene in Deutschland ist es nicht
leicht, entsprechend qualifizierte Ärztin*innen für die
Beratung oder Behandlung zu finden. Anhand der umweltmedizinischen
Hochschulambulanzen in Hamburg und München soll dieser Bericht
aufzeigen, wie die Versorgung von Patient*innen mit vermuteten
umweltmedizinischen Erkrankungen in Deutschland stattfindet. Für die
exemplarische Darstellung der Arbeitsweise werden die Daten aus dem Zeitraum von
01.01.2019 bis 31.03.2021 der umweltmedizinischen Hochschulambulanzen
München und Hamburg dargestellt und miteinander verglichen. Insgesamt
stellten sich bei beiden Einrichtungen mehr weibliche als männliche
Patient*innen vor. Die vermutete Exposition gegenüber
„Schwermetallen“ wurde am häufigsten seitens der
Patient*innen als Grund für ihre Vorstellung an den
umweltmedizinischen Hochschulambulanzen angeführt. Im Verlauf der
umweltmedizinischen Beratung konnte die vermutete Belastung bzw.
„Intoxikation“ in der überwiegenden Fallzahl durch
entsprechende leitlinien-konforme Untersuchungsmethoden bei der Behandlung der
Patient*innen ausgeschlossen werden. Die zur Verfügung
gestellten Daten der umweltmedizinischen Hochschulambulanzen zeigen, dass der
Versorgungsbedarf an umweltmedizinischer Beratung kontinuierlich gegeben ist.
Ein enger Austausch zwischen dem niedergelassenen Sektor und den
umweltmedizinischen Hochschulambulanzen sollte bei der Versorgung angestrebt
werden.
Maria Theresia und ihre Kinder
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: December 2023

Maria Theresia, Regentin von Österreich, Böhmen und Ungarn und ab
1745 auch Kaiserin des Heiligen Römischen Reichs, hatte kein leichtes Amt.
Als sie 1780 im Alter von 63 Jahren starb, hatte sie ihren Herrschaftsraum –
aus einer feudalen Staatsordnung kommend – im Sinne eines
„aufgeklärten Absolutismus“ umgestaltet. Ihr Mann, Kaiser
Franz, war bereits 1765 im Alter von 57 Jahren gestorben und ihr gemeinsamer Sohn
Joseph II. war als Kaiser und Mitregent an dessen Stelle getreten – er starb
1790 mit 48 Jahren. Von ihren 16 Kindern erreichten nur zwei mit jeweils 65 Jahren
ein höheres Lebensalter als sie selbst. Ein Kind war im ersten Lebensjahr
gestorben, fünf weitere Kinder vor ihrem 18. Geburtstag 1. Für Aufsehen sorgte auch der
frühe Tod ihrer 38jährigen Tochter Marie Antoinette 1793 durch eine
Guillotine der Französischen Revolution: Diese hatte dem dortigen,
unaufgeklärt gebliebenen Absolutismus ein Ende gesetzt. „Media
vita in morte sumus – Mitten im Leben sind wir im Tod“,
singt ein mittelalterlicher gregorianischer Choral.
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and use of psychostimulants in Aotearoa, New Zealand: exploring the treatment gap
Authors: Lillis Steven
Published: December 2023

Introduction Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 7% of those aged up to 12 years, 5% of teenagers and 3% of adults. It is associated with poor academic performance, substance abuse, criminality, poor social functioning and other negative outcomes. Psychotherapeutic treatment is moderately successful, whereas pharmacotherapy with stimulant medication is more efficacious and is recommended in many international guidelines. Anecdotal evidence suggests underuse of these medications in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Aim To estimate how many patients with ADHD are prescribed psychostimulants in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Methods National prescribing data for dexamphetamine and methylphenidate in 2022 were obtained and matched against estimated prevalence of ADHD by age. Results There is a significant treatment gap for which inability to access first-line medication is likely to be the predominant explanation. Discussion The data suggest failure of our health system to provide reasonable health care for a significant number of people with ADHD, and results in inequity in outcomes. New approaches are needed that will increase access to first-line medication, yet maintain appropriateness of diagnosis and limit risk of medication diversion.
Microbially induced precipitation of silica by anaerobic methane-oxidizing consortia and implications for microbial fossil preservation
Authors: Osorio-Rodriguez Daniela , Metcalfe Kyle S. , McGlynn Shawn E. , Yu Hang , Dekas Anne E. , Ellisman Mark , Deerinck Tom , Aristilde Ludmilla , Grotzinger John P. , Orphan Victoria J.
Published: December 2023

Authigenic carbonate minerals can preserve biosignatures of microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the rock record. It is not currently known whether the microorganisms that mediate sulfate-coupled AOM—often occurring as multicelled consortia of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)—are preserved as microfossils. Electron microscopy of ANME-SRB consortia in methane seep sediments has shown that these microorganisms can be associated with silicate minerals such as clays [Chen
et al
.,
Sci. Rep.
4
, 1–9 (2014)], but the biogenicity of these phases, their geochemical composition, and their potential preservation in the rock record is poorly constrained. Long-term laboratory AOM enrichment cultures in sediment-free artificial seawater [Yu
et al
.,
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
88
, e02109-21 (2022)] resulted in precipitation of amorphous silicate particles (~200 nm) within clusters of exopolymer-rich AOM consortia from media undersaturated with respect to silica, suggestive of a microbially mediated process. The use of techniques like correlative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) on AOM consortia from methane seep authigenic carbonates and sediments further revealed that they are enveloped in a silica-rich phase similar to the mineral phase on ANME-SRB consortia in enrichment cultures. Like in cyanobacteria [Moore
et al
.,
Geology
48
, 862–866 (2020)], the Si-rich phases on ANME-SRB consortia identified here may enhance their preservation as microfossils. The morphology of these silica-rich precipitates, consistent with amorphous-type clay-like spheroids formed within organic assemblages, provides an additional mineralogical signature that may assist in the search for structural remnants of microbial consortia in rocks which formed in methane-rich environments from Earth and other planetary bodies.
Advertising translation in social media
Authors: Rodríguez-Arcos Irene
Published: December 2023

In the multimodal era, communication in social media incorporates new codes and elements that challenge
traditional definitions of text and the translation field itself. Integrating semiotics, understanding that modes follow a
particular hierarchical order, and analyzing how they influence the (re)construction of meaning in certain communities is key to
studying transnational hybrid messages, both global and local, in virtual environments. The translation act has proven to be a
particularly useful circumstance to understand that modes should not be regarded as signs that carry meaning across cultures.
Instead, this paper aims to identify which elements act as “prompts,” which (re)activate meaning once the message is repositioned
in an alternative cultural context. Through a contrastive analysis of ten transpositions, in Kress’s terms, of a Burger King
campaign, this work aims to shed light on which elements can be defined as modes and prompts, as well as reflecting upon its
hierarchical status in this particular multimodal ensemble, while considering that, in the virtual space, other factors such as
repetition and simultaneity may condition the impact and reception of global messages.
Patrones relacionales de la expresión de la epistemicidad y la gestión de la imagen en el español
peninsular
Authors: Gancedo Ruiz Marta , Soler Bonafont M.ª Amparo
Published: December 2023

Uno de los recursos más productivos en la gestión de la imagen en interacción es la epistemicidad. Dada su elevada
frecuencia con fines de modificación del compromiso del hablante con lo dicho (Albelda
2016; Figueras 2018; García
2020), el objetivo de este trabajo es determinar qué relación existe entre el uso de unos recursos epistémicos concretos y
la gestión de la imagen que estos provocan en un género específico: la entrevista semidirigida. Para ello, se establece un
repertorio de categorías formales epistémicas y se determinan los patrones relacionales entre la selección de estas y su
afectación a las imágenes de quienes se ven envueltos en los actos comunicativos. El análisis sugiere que existen cuatro esquemas
de comportamiento habituales en la entrevista de nivel sociocultural alto que permiten reconocer una gradualidad en la incidencia
de las imágenes, derivada del foco y orientación que toman los recursos epistémicos.
Long-term outcomes after heart transplantation in adult patients with univentricular versus biventricular congenital heart disease
Authors: Dib Nabil , Iserin Laurence , Varnous Shaida , Guillemain Romain , Hascoet Sebastien , Belli Emre , Cohen Sarah
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES

Heart transplantation (HT) is the only life-extending therapy in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) and end-stage heart failure. HT is considered at high risk in complex CHD given the anatomical complexity and past medical history. Little is known about long-term outcomes after HT in these patients. We aimed to evaluate early and long-term outcomes after HT in adult patients with univentricular versus biventricular CHD.

METHODS

This multicentre retrospective cohort study included all adult CHD patients who underwent HT between 1988 and 2021 in 3 tertiary centres. Factors associated with early (<30 days) and conditional long-term survival were assessed in the entire cohort.

RESULTS

Over a mean follow-up of 10.1 ± 7.8 years, 149 patients were included, of whom 55 (36.9%) had univentricular CHD. Sixty-four patients died during follow-up including 47 deaths before discharge from hospital. In multivariable analysis, univentricular physiology and female recipient gender were independently associated with a higher risk of early mortality (odds ratio 2.99; 95% confidence interval [1.33–6.74] and odds ratio 2.76; 95% confidence interval [1.23–6.20], respectively). For patients who survived the early period, conditional long-term survival was excellent for both groups and was not different between 2 groups (P = 0.764).

CONCLUSIONS

Adult CHD patients have a high incidence of overall mortality due to a high rate of early mortality. Univentricular physiology was associated with a significant increased risk of early death compared to biventricular physiology. However, late mortality was excellent and no longer different between the 2 physiologies.
A Polyvalent Tool for Detecting Coguviruses in Multiple Hosts Allowed the Identification of a Novel Seed-Transmitted Coguvirus Infecting Brassicaceae
Authors: Minutolo Maria , Nicoloso Vittorio , Cinque Maria , Chiumenti Michela , Simeone Giuseppe Di Rauso , Serio Francesco Di , Alioto Daniela , Navarro Beatriz
Published: December 2023

The genus Coguvirus, a recently established genus in the family Phenuiviridae, includes several species whose members infect both woody and herbaceous hosts, suggesting a broader host range and wider distribution than previously. To gain insights into the epidemiology and biology of coguviruses, a polyvalent reverse transcription-PCR assay using degenerate primers was developed. The specificity of the assay for coguviruses was confirmed by testing citrus and apple plants infected by previously reported coguviruses and/or several unrelated viruses. The expected 236-bp amplicon was obtained from citrus, apple, pear, watermelon, and several species of the family Brassicaceae. Sequencing of the PCR amplicons allowed the identification, for the first time in Italy and/or Europe, of several coguviruses in multiple hosts, confirming the effectiveness of the assay. Moreover, a new virus, tentatively named Brassica oleracea Torzella virus 1 (BoTV1), was detected in several plants of Torzella cabbage. The complete +genome of BoTV1, determined by high-throughput sequencing and 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, revealed that it has the typical molecular features of coguviruses and fulfils the current criteria to be classified as a member of a new species, for which the tentative name Coguvirus torzellae is proposed. The same polyvalent assay was also used to investigate and confirm that BoTV1 is transmitted through seeds in black cabbage, thus providing the first evidence on the relevance of this natural transmission mode in the epidemiology of coguviruses.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Adaptive Time–Location Sampling for COMPASS: A SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence Study in Fifteen Diverse Communities in the United States
Authors: Zangeneh Sahar Z. , Skalland Timothy , Yuhas Krista , Emel Lynda , Tapsoba Jean De Dieu , Reed Domonique , Amos Christopher I. , Donnell Deborah , Moore Ayana , Justman Jessica ,   and the CoVPN 5002 Study Team
Published: December 2023

Background:

COVID-19 has placed a disproportionate burden on underserved racial and ethnic groups, community members working in essential industries, those living in areas of high population density, and those reliant on in-person services such as transportation. The goal of this study was to estimate the cross-sectional prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (active SARS-CoV-2 or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection) in children and adults attending public venues in 15 sociodemographically diverse communities in the United States and to develop a statistical design that could be rigorously implemented amidst unpredictable stay-at-home COVID-19 guidelines.

Methods:

We used time–location sampling with complex sampling involving stratification, clustering of units, and unequal probabilities of selection to recruit individuals from selected communities. We safely conducted informed consent, specimen collection, and face-to-face interviews outside of public venues immediately following recruitment.

Results:

We developed an innovative sampling design that adapted to constraints such as closure of venues, changing infection hotspots, and uncertain policies. We updated both the sampling frame and the selection probabilities over time using information acquired from prior weeks. We created site-specific survey weights that adjusted sampling probabilities for nonresponse and calibrated to county-level margins on age and sex at birth.

Conclusions:

Although the study itself was specific to COVID-19, the strategies presented in this article could serve as a case study that can be adapted for performing population-level inferences in similar settings and could help inform rapid and effective responses to future global public health challenges.
Peritoneal Dialysis Complicated by Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report
Authors: Fang Lyugui , Li Qiang , Mu Shujuan , Wang Xiujuan
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to explore the diagnosis and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicating peritoneal dialysis. We conducted this retrospective analysis of the clinical data of one patient with SAP complicating peritoneal dialysis and thoroughly reviewed the pertinent literature. In this case, acute pancreatitis in the patient on peritoneal dialysis was accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia. Treatment included fasting, fluid rehydration support, gastrointestinal decompression, anti-infective measures, and combined hemodialysis. Despite these interventions, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate. She eventually opted to discontinue treatment and died at home. Peritoneal dialysis complicated by SAP represents an acute and severe condition necessitating prompt recognition and appropriate treatment.
Hyperuricemia-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in the Context of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Du Yating , Li Jinpu , Ye Ming , Guo Chuan , Yuan Bo , Li Shen , Rao Xiangrong
Published: December 2023

Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Hyperuricemia-induced acute kidney injury most commonly occurs in patients who experience tumor lysis syndrome. Herein, we report an unusual case of hyperu-ricemia-induced acute kidney injury via a crystal-dependent mechanism in a patient with chronic kidney disease. A 30-year-old Asian male patient was transferred to our hospital presenting with acute kidney injury and elevated blood uric acid level. The patient had a 5-year history of gout and 2-year history of chronic kidney disease. The pathological results of renal biopsy supported the diagnosis of focal proliferative immunoglobulin A nephropathy and subacute tubulointerstitial nephritis due to urate crystal deposition. After supportive treatment with prednisone acetate and febuxostat, the patient's proteinuria, serum creatinine, and uric acid levels decreased rapidly in the subsequent 2 months. Urate crystallization-induced acute kidney injury in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease is unusually detectable in the clinic unless there are timely renal biopsy findings. In this case, the patient's condition improved and his renal function and serum uric acid levels recovered rapidly with prednisone acetate and febuxostat treatment. Early identification and close monitoring of uric acid levels and renal function are highly recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease. Renal biopsies should also be performed in a timely manner to identify the cause and initiate targeted therapy. We also briefly review the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury caused by hyperuricemia.