bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foodomics study on the effects of extracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by rosemary polyphenols on the anti‐proliferative activity of rosemary polyphenols against HT‐29 cells
Authors: Valdés Alberto , García‐Cañas Virginia , Koçak Engin , Simó Carolina , Cifuentes Alejandro
Published: February 2016

A number of studies have demonstrated a strong association between the antioxidant properties of rosemary polyphenols and their chemoprotective activity. However, the prooxidant effects of rosemary polyphenols have been rarely reported. In this work, a foodomics study is performed to investigate the in vitro autooxidation of carnosic acid (CA), carnosol (CS) and a polyphenol‐enriched rosemary extract (SC‐RE) in cell culture conditions. The results revealed that rosemary polyphenols autooxidation in culture medium generated H2O2 at different rates. Generated H2O2 levels by SC‐RE and CA, but not CS, were correlated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in HT‐29 cells, and were partially involved in their anti‐proliferative effect in this cell line. These compounds also induced different effects on glutathione metabolism. Results also indicated that high extracellular H2O2 concentrations, resulting of using high (45 μg/mL) SC‐RE concentration in culture media, exerted some artifactual effects related with cell cycle, but they did not influence the expression of relevant molecular biomarkers of stress.
Properties and microstructure of eco‐cement produced from co‐sintered washed fly ash and waste sludge
Authors: Lin Kae‐Long , Lo Kang‐Wei , Shie Je‐Lueng , Le Anh Tuan Bui , Hwang Chao‐Lung , Chang Yu‐Min
Published: February 2016

This study investigated the possibility of recycling washed fly ash, limestone sludge, stone sludge, and iron‐oxide sludge in raw meal for producing Portland cement clinker. All of the major phase components of ordinary Portland cement (OPC)—C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF—were identified in each eco‐cement clinker. The compressive strength development showed that the eco‐cement pastes no contained washed fly ash was similar to commercial OPC products. The exothermic peak at 105°C to 440°C corresponded to the coordination change of C‐S‐H gel in the pastes during curing time. The TG/DTA curves showed that the weight loss of the eco‐cement pastes no contained washed fly ash was higher than that of the eco‐cement pastes contained 1% washed fly ash. The Q0 (−70 ppm) species shifted to the Q1 (−80 ppm) and Q2 (−87 ppm) species during curing time. The degrees of hydration of the eco‐cement pastes contained 2 to 4% washed fly ash were lower than that of the eco‐cement pastes no contained washed fly ash. The results of the physicomechanical tests showed that adding the limestone sludge, stone sludge, and iron‐oxide sludge did not negatively affect the quality of the produced cement. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 764–771, 2016
Prospective Psychosocial Predictors of Onset and Cessation of Eating Pathology amongst College Women
Authors: Dakanalis Antonios , Timko Alix , Serino Silvia , Riva Giuseppe , Clerici Massimo , Carrà Giuseppe
Published: February 2016

The course of college women's eating pathology is variable. Little is known about psychosocial factors prospectively predicting maintenance/cessation or the new onset of clinically significant disordered eating symptoms. This study aimed to address these research gaps. College women (N = 2202) completed an assessment of eating pathology and potential risk/maintenance factors at two time points, 9 months apart. Logistic regression models indicated that elevated body dissatisfaction, thin‐ideal internalization, self‐objectification, negative affectivity and lower self‐esteem at baseline predicted ‘onset’ of clinically significant disordered eating symptomatology at follow‐up. Greater self‐esteem and lower initial levels on the remaining risk factors predicted subsequent ‘cessation’ of clinically significant disordered eating symptoms. Self‐objectification had greater explanatory value with regard to ‘cessation’ and ‘onset’ relative to the remaining traditionally accepted factors that demonstrated half as much predictive power or less. Practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Spatial and temporal variation in microcystin occurrence in wadeable streams in the southeastern United States
Authors: Loftin Keith A. , Clark Jimmy M. , Journey Celeste A. , Kolpin Dana W. , Van Metre Peter C. , Carlisle Daren , Bradley Paul M.
Published: February 2016

Despite historical observations of potential microcystin-producing cyanobacteria (including Leptolyngbya, Phormidium, Pseudoanabaena, and Anabaena species) in 74% of headwater streams in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina (USA) from 1993 to 2011, fluvial cyanotoxin occurrence has not been systematically assessed in the southeastern United States. To begin to address this data gap, a spatial reconnaissance of fluvial microcystin concentrations was conducted in 75 wadeable streams in the Piedmont region (southeastern USA) during June 2014. Microcystins were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (limit = 0.10 µg/L) in 39% of the streams with mean, median, and maximum detected concentrations of 0.29 µg/L, 0.11 µg/L, and 3.2 µg/L, respectively. Significant (α = 0.05) correlations were observed between June 2014 microcystin concentrations and stream flow, total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio, and water temperature; but each of these factors explained 38% or less of the variability in fluvial microcystins across the region. Temporal microcystin variability was assessed monthly through October 2014 in 5 of the streams where microcystins were observed in June and in 1 reference location; microcystins were repeatedly detected in all but the reference stream. Although microcystin concentrations in the present study did not exceed World Health Organization recreational guidance thresholds, their widespread occurrence demonstrates the need for further investigation of possible in-stream environmental health effects as well as potential impacts on downstream lakes and reservoirs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2281–2287. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Fat‐Finger Trade and Market Quality: The First Evidence From China
Authors: Gao Ming , Liu Yu‐Jane , Wu Weili
Published: February 2016

More trading is algorithmic or computer generated, and in markets where it is allowed, high frequency. However, what happens when there is an algorithmic trading error? This study attempts to answer that question by examining the August 16, 2013, fat‐finger trade in Chinese equity and equity futures markets. We find that both markets were excessively volatile, illiquid, and positively skewed. Moreover, we document that index returns are predictable for a short time, indicating that the fat‐finger event induced an inefficient market. Our results highlight the importance of market surveillance and regulation to lessen the damage of future fat‐finger events. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:1014–1025, 2016
Asymmetric Effects of Volatility Risk on Stock Returns: Evidence from VIX and VIX Futures
Authors: Fu Xi , Sandri Matteo , Shackleton Mark B.
Published: February 2016

First, to separate different market conditions, this study focuses on how VIX spot (VIX), VIX futures (VXF), and their basis (VIX − VXF) perform different roles in asset pricing. Secondly, this study decomposes the VIX index into two parts: volatility calculated from out‐of‐the‐money call options and volatility calculated from out‐of‐the‐money put options. The analysis shows that out‐of‐the‐money put options capture more useful information in predicting future stock returns. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:1029–1056, 2016
An Analysis of the Risk‐Return Characteristics of Serially Correlated Managed Futures
Authors: Elaut Gert , Erdős Péter , Sjödin John
Published: February 2016

We investigate the implications of low but persistent serial correlation in Managed Futures' returns for portfolio management. Using a measure based on the unweighted sum of autocorrelations, we find that more positively autocorrelated Managed Futures exhibit distinctly different risk‐return profiles and outperform, on a risk‐adjusted basis, Managed Futures that exhibit lower degrees of serial correlation. The observed premium is unlikely to be explained by a concentration in certain strategies, fund size and age, attrition or delisting bias, and does not seem to hamper Managed Futures' portfolio benefits as a tail‐risk hedge. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:992–1013, 2016
Somatic mutations of DICER1 and KMT2D are frequent in intraocular medulloepitheliomas
Authors: Sahm Felix , Jakobiec Frederick A. , Meyer Jochen , Schrimpf Daniel , Eberhart Charles G. , Hovestadt Volker , Capper David , Lambo Sander , Ryzhova Marina , Schüller Ulrich , Zheludkova Olga , Kumirova Ella , Lichter Peter , von Deimling Andreas , Jones David T. W. , Pfister Stefan M. , Kool Marcel , Korshunov Andrey
Published: February 2016

Intraocular medulloepithelioma (IO‐MEPL) is an uncommon embryonal neuroepithelial neoplasm of the eye. Little is known about the cytogenetics, molecular biology, and pathogenesis of this tumor. In the present study we investigated the mutational landscape of 19 IO‐MEPL using targeted next‐generation sequencing. Routinely prepared paraffin‐embedded samples were assessed with high‐coverage genome sequencing on the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform using a customized gene panel set covering the coding region of 130 genes. This revealed several notable genomic alterations, including mutations of DICER1 (6 tumors) and KMT2D (also known as MLL2; 5 tumors)—which are frequently recurrent and mutually exclusive molecular events for IO‐MEPL. Non‐recurrent mutations in the cancer‐associated genes BRCA2, BRCA1, NOTCH2, CDH1, and GSE1 were also identified. IO‐MEPL samples harboring a DICER1 mutation disclosed few chromosomal alterations and formed a separate DNA methylation cluster, indicating potential differences in genetic and epigenetic events arising perhaps from the presence of this aberration in the tumor genome. The high proportion of recurrent somatic DICER1 and KMT2D mutations in this series of sporadic IO‐MEPL points to their likely important roles in the molecular pathogenesis of these rare embryonal tumors, and perhaps suggests the existence of distinct molecular variants of IO‐MEPL. Although the precise role of these recurrent mutations in the development of IO‐MEPL, and their relationship to pro‐oncogenic molecular mechanisms, have yet to be determined, unraveling their roles could eventually be exploited for nonsurgical therapies of these neoplasms. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New conodont taxa and biozones from the Lower Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina
Authors: Voldman Gustavo G. , Albanesi Guillermo L. , Ortega Gladys , Giuliano María Eugenia , Monaldi César Rubén
Published: February 2016

The upper strata of the Santa Rosita and the Acoite formations (Lower Ordovician) exposed at Chulpíos Creek in the Santa Victoria study area of the Cordillera Oriental, NW Argentina, are analysed by means of conodont biostratigraphy. Four conodont zones are analysed for the referred formations, i.e. theAcodus apex,Acodus triangularis,Gothodus vetusandGothodus andinuszones, on the basis of a collection withca. 2800 conodont specimens that includes new conodont taxa.Acodus apexAlbanesi and Zeballo,Acodus triangularis(Ding),Acodus zeballusn. sp.,Gothodus andinus(Raoet al.),Gothodus vetusn. sp., andPaltoduscf.inaequalis(Pander) are described herein. The conodont genusZentagnathusis diagnosed including two previously known species:Zentagnathus argentinensis(Raoet al.) andZentagnathus primitivus(Voldmanet al.). TheTetragraptus akzharensisandBaltograptuscf.deflexusgraptolite zones were identified as well in the ∼1800‐m‐thick stratigraphic section. Theincertae sedis Phosphannulus universalisMülleret al.is discussed for the Cordillera Oriental for the first time. The lower part of the Chulpíos section that involves the contact between the Santa Rosita and the Acoite formations is not able to be dated with precision either as upper Tremadocian or lower Floian because the ranges of the index taxa recorded in that interval of the study section span the stage boundary. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase mediates mouse liver injury through a novel Sab (SH3BP5)‐dependent pathway leading to inactivation of intramitochondrial Src
Authors: Win Sanda , Than Tin Aung , Min Robert Win Maw , Aghajan Mariam , Kaplowitz Neil
Published: February 2016

Sustained c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation has been implicated in many models of cell death and tissue injury. Phosphorylated JNK (p‐JNK) interacts with the mitochondrial outer membrane SH3 homology associated BTK binding protein (Sab, or SH3BP5). Using knockdown or liver‐specific deletion of Sab, we aimed to elucidate the consequences of this interaction on mitochondrial function in isolated mitochondria and liver injury models in vivo. Respiration in isolated mitochondria was directly inhibited by p‐JNK + adenosine triphosphate. Knockdown or liver‐specific knockout of Sab abrogated this effect and markedly inhibited sustained JNK activation and liver injury from acetaminophen or tumor necrosis factor/galactosamine. We then elucidated an intramitochondrial pathway in which interaction of JNK and Sab on the outside of the mitochondria released protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 6 (SHP1, or PTPN6) from Sab in the inside of the mitochondrial outer membrane, leading to its activation and transfer to the inner membrane, where it dephosphorylates P‐Y419Src (active), which required a platform protein, docking protein 4 (DOK4), on the inner membrane. Knockdown of mitochondrial DOK4 or SHP1 inhibited the inactivation of mitochondrial p‐Src and the effect of p‐JNK on mitochondria. Conclusions: The binding to and phosphorylation of Sab by p‐JNK on the outer mitochondrial membrane leads to SHP1‐dependent and DOK4‐dependent inactivation of p‐Src on the inner membrane; inactivation of mitochondrial Src inhibits electron transport and increases reactive oxygen species release, which sustains JNK activation and promotes cell death and organ injury. (Hepatology 2016;63:1987‐2003)
Oncogenic driver genes and the inflammatory microenvironment dictate liver tumor phenotype
Authors: Matter Matthias S. , Marquardt Jens U. , Andersen Jesper B. , Quintavalle Cristina , Korokhov Nikolay , Stauffer Jim K. , Kaji Kosuke , Decaens Thomas , Quagliata Luca , Elloumi Fathi , Hoang Tanya , Molinolo Alfredo , Conner Elizabeth A. , Weber Achim , Heikenwalder Mathias , Factor Valentina M. , Thorgeirsson Snorri S.
Published: February 2016

The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma develops in the background of chronic liver inflammation caused by viral hepatitis and alcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, the impact of different types of chronic inflammatory microenvironments on the phenotypes of tumors generated by distinct oncogenes is largely unresolved. To address this issue, we generated murine liver tumors by constitutively active AKT‐1 (AKT) and β‐catenin (CAT), followed by induction of chronic liver inflammation by 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC) and carbon tetrachloride. Also, the impact of DDC‐induced chronic liver inflammation was compared between two liver tumor models using a combination of AKT‐CAT or AKT‐NRASG12V. Treatment with DDC and carbon tetrachloride significantly facilitated the adenoma‐to‐carcinoma conversion and accelerated the growth of AKT‐CAT tumors. Furthermore, DDC treatment altered the morphology of AKT‐CAT tumors and caused loss of lipid droplets. Transcriptome analysis of AKT‐CAT tumors revealed that cellular growth and proliferation were mainly affected by chronic inflammation and caused up‐regulation of Cxcl16, Galectin‐3, and Nedd9, among others. Integration with transcriptome profiles from human hepatocellular carcinomas further demonstrated that AKT‐CAT tumors generated in the context of chronic liver inflammation showed enrichment of poor prognosis gene sets or decrease of good prognosis gene sets. In contrast, DDC had a more subtle effect on AKT‐NRASG12V tumors and primarily enhanced already existent tumor characteristics as supported by transcriptome analysis. However, it also reduced lipid droplets in AKT‐NRASG12V tumors. Conclusion: Our study suggests that liver tumor phenotype is defined by a combination of driving oncogenes but also the nature of chronic liver inflammation. (Hepatology 2016;63:1888‐1899)
Valorization of polyethylene degradation products by blending with PHB biopolyester
Authors: Kwiecień Michał , Musioł Marta , Sobota Michał , Marek Adam A , Zawadiak Jan , Adamus Grazyna
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND

The biodegradation process of conventional plastics is very slow and can take dozens of years to achieve complete degradation. In order to improve current plastic waste management, research has been focused on identifying the possible routes for using oligomers and degradation products obtained from enzymatic depolymerization/transformation of conventional plastics as building blocks to produce eco‐friendly polymeric materials with improved biodegradability and good mechanical properties.

RESULTS

We report a possible route for the utilization of polyethylene (PE) oligomers obtained from the degradation of polyethylene to produce new eco‐friendly polymeric materials. Polyethylene oligomers containing functional groups such as carboxylic, aldehyde, ketone, ether or ester were used to prepare polymeric blends with poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) biopolyester. Polymeric blends of PHB which contained 10, 20 and 30% of oxidized polyethylene oligomers with different acidic numbers were prepared and characterized .

CONCLUSIONS

The results obtained show that the addition of oxidized PE oligomers to PHB biopolyester improves the mechanical properties of the prepared polymeric materials. A beneficial composition was found for the blend: PHB/oxPE 90/10 (w/w). Moreover, biodegradation tests indicated that the polymeric blends undergo biodegradation, which shows their potential application as new, eco‐friendly polymeric materials with a predicted biodegradation rate. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Histological data in a combined phylogenetic analysis of scleractinian reef corals
Authors: Cordie David R. , Budd Ann F.
Published: February 2016

Scleractinian systematics have undergone rapid changes due to increased use of molecular phylogenetics and new perspectives on skeletal morphology from micromorphology and microstructure. Despite this increase in characters there are still unresolved clades in the phylogeny, indicating that more characters are needed. This study investigates a new source of morphological data within the soft tissue of Indo‐Pacific scleractinian corals. Features of tissue layers, especially cnidocytes, are described in hematoxylin and eosin stained thin sections. Based on this new histological data source, a combined analysis with mitochondrial DNA and skeletal data is performed using parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Parsimony analysis yields three most‐parsimonious trees similar to trees based on Bayesian analysis. Character maps are also produced that show origination of histomorphological traits at deep nodes within the phylogeny. In general, both analyses retain the previously designated families Lobophylliidae and Merulinidae, but some genera are found to be paraphyletic. Nonetheless, the combined analysis produces a highly resolved and well‐supported phylogeny, which could lead to more effective use of biological conservation metrics based on evolutionary distinctiveness. These results show for the first time that inclusion of histomorphological characters improves the resolution of phylogenetic analyses of reef corals. J. Morphol. 277:494–511, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of bias correction and climate model resolution on wheat simulations forced with a regional climate model ensemble
Authors: Macadam Ian , Argüeso Daniel , Evans Jason P. , Liu De Li , Pitman Andy J.
Published: February 2016

Regional climate model (RCM) simulations are often used with agricultural models to assess the impact of climate change on agriculture. This study assesses the suitability of climate data sets from an RCM ensemble for forcing simulations of wheat yields for New South Wales, Australia, performed using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM). Differences in yields between APSIM simulations forced with RCM output for the 1990–2009 period and APSIM simulations forced with observations are examined, as are simulated changes in yields between 1990–2009 and 2060–2079. The RCM ensemble downscales four global climate models (GCMs) using three different RCMs, firstly to a horizontal resolution of approximately 50 km, and then to approximately 10 km. All of the RCM simulations, 50 and 10 km, are able to simulate the spatial pattern of yields across the study region. However, some simulations have biases in yields. The largest of these are due to biases in rainfall during the growing season inherited from the GCMs. If the RCM output is bias‐corrected, the largest positive yield biases are reduced because the underlying biases in growing season rainfall are reduced. Simulated future changes in yields are affected because there is a non‐linear relationship between simulated yields and growing season rainfall. Downscaling to 10 km, rather than 50 km, is only beneficial when bias correction is used. The bias‐correction technique used does not eliminate all biases in growing season rainfall and increases some of the smaller biases. Nonetheless, because of the potentially large effect of the rainfall biases on simulated future yield changes, this study supports the use of bias correction in assessments of the impacts of climate change that use RCM output to force APSIM. Indeed, our findings suggest that bias correction may be necessary to obtain reliable future changes in other outputs of other biophysical models that respond non‐linearly to climate inputs.
Colorectal cancer surgery for obese patients: Financial and clinical outcomes of a Dutch population‐based registry
Authors: Govaert Johannes A. , Lijftogt Niki , van Dijk Wouter A. , Tseng Larissa N. L. , Liem Ronald S. L. , Tollenaar Rob A. E. M. , Fiocco Marta , Wouters Michel W. J. M. ,   On behalf of the Dutch Value Based Healthcare Study Group
Published: February 2016

Background and Objectives

The objective of this study was to explore the association among adverse events, body mass index (BMI), and hospital costs after colorectal cancer surgery in a country with an intermediate BMI distribution.

Methods

All colorectal cancer procedures in 29 Dutch hospitals listed in a 2010–2012 population‐based database and with a BMI > 18.5 were included (n = 8687). Hospital costs were measured uniformly and based on time‐driven activity‐based costing. The BMI classification of the World Health Organization was used.

Results

Patients in obesity classes 1 (23.6% [after risk‐adjustment OR 1.245, CI 1.064–1.479, P = 0.007]) and ≥2 (28.1% [after risk‐adjustment OR 1.816, CI 1.382–2.388, P < 0.001]) were associated with more severe complications and higher hospital costs (€14,294, +9.6%, after risk‐adjustment +7.9%, P < 0.001; and €15,913 +22.0%, after risk‐adjustment +21.2%, P < 0.001, respectively) than normal weight patients (20.8% and €13,040, respectively). Pre‐obese patients had significantly lower mortality rates (2.7%, after risk‐adjustment, OR 0.756, CI 0.577–0.991, P = 0.042) than normal‐weight patients (3.9%).

Conclusions

Obese surgical colorectal cancer patients in a country with an intermediate BMI distribution are associated with a significant increase in hospital costs because these patients suffer from more severe complications. This is the first study to provide evidence for the “obesity‐paradox” for mortality in colorectal cancer surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:489–495. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of the chemical composition of white chrysanthemum flowers of Hangzhou by using high‐performance ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhou Xiahui , Chen Xiaocheng , Wu Xin , Cao Gang , Zhang Junjie
Published: February 2016

In this study, high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with amaZon SL high‐performance ion trap mass spectrometry was used to analyze the target components in white chrysanthemum flowers of Hangzhou. Twenty‐one components were detected and identified in both white chrysanthemum flowers of Hangzhou samples by using target compound analysis. Furthermore, seven new compounds in white chrysanthemum flowers of Hangzhou were found and identified by analyzing the fragment ion behavior in the mass spectra. The established method can be expedient for the global quality investigation of complex components in herbal medicines and food.
Distribution and characteristics of slow‐cycling cells in rat vocal folds
Authors: Kawai Yoshitaka , Kishimoto Yo , Suzuki Ryo , Tsuji Takuya , Hiwatashi Nao , Tateya Ichiro , Yamamoto Norio , Nakamura Tatsuo , Kanemaru Sin‐ichi , Hirano Shigeru
Published: February 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Stem cells are known to proliferate at a slow rate in adult organs, and thus slow‐cycling cells exhibiting pluripotency are considered tissue‐specific stem cells in some organs. Slow‐cycling cells in the vocal fold (VF) have not been well documented. Here we sought to clarify the distributions and characteristics of slow‐cycling cells in rat VFs.

Methods

We applied double‐labeling technique to detect the distribution of slow‐cycling cells. We injected the exogenous proliferation marker 5‐bromo‐2'‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) into Sprague‐Dawley rats. After a chasing period, VFs were immunostained with antibodies to BrdU and the second endogenous proliferation marker, Ki‐67. BrdU (+) Ki‐67(+) cells were regarded as slow‐cycling cells and counted by VF regions. To reveal slow‐cycling cells' characteristic, their immunophenotypes were histologically investigated and their kinetics in injured VFs were evaluated.

Results

Most slow‐cycling cells were detected in the basal layer of the epithelium. Slow‐cycling cells in the epithelium displayed a low positive ratio of E‐cadherin and CK5 and a high positive ratio of vimentin and CD31 as compared with the other epithelial cells. The expression of S100A4 was low in slow‐cycling cells of the lamina propria and the macula flava. FGFR1, HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3 were not detected in the slow‐cycling cells. A time‐dependent reduction of slow‐cycling cells was observed in injured VFs.

Conclusion

Most slow‐cycling cells resided in the epithelium, exhibiting various phenotypes in a relatively undifferentiated condition, and they are suspected to contribute to the tissue repair of the injured VFs.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 126:E164–E170, 2016
Orthovoltage for basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Excellent local control and low toxicity profile
Authors: Duinkerken Charlotte W. , Lohuis Peter J. F. M. , Heemsbergen Wilma D. , Zupan‐Kajcovski Biljana , Navran Arash , Hamming‐Vrieze Olga , Klop W. Martin C. , Balm Fons J. M. , Al‐Mamgani Abrahim
Published: February 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Evaluation of treatment results of orthovoltage X‐rays for a selection of previously untreated favorable basal cell carcinomas (BCC) in the head and neck area concerning local control, cosmetic and functional outcome, and toxicity profile.

Methods

A consecutive series of patients with primarily treated BCCs who were irradiated by means of orthovoltage X‐rays in the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam between January 2000 and February 2015 were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

Two hundred fifty‐three BCCs in 232 patients were primarily treated with orthovoltage X‐rays. The local control rates at 1, 3, and 5 years for this selection of basal cell carcinomas were 98.9%, 97.5%, and 96.3%, respectively. Tumor size was the only significant predictor for local control because BCCs < 20 mm had a significantly higher 5‐year local control rate than lesions ≥ 20 mm (96.8% vs. 89.4%, P = 0.041). Acute toxicity healed spontaneously without medical intervention, and late toxicity rates were low. Functional impairments were negligible, and the cosmetic outcome was excellent.

Conclusion

Orthovoltage therapy for well‐selected favorable BCCs in the head and neck area resulted in excellent local control rates, a low toxicity profile, and apparently satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcomes. Orthovoltage irradiation is a good alternative for surgery for BCCs with favorable histologic prognosis at locations that are at risk for postoperative functional or cosmetic changes, such as the nose or canthus.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:1796–1802, 2016
Ocean pH time‐series and drivers of variability along the northern Channel Islands, California, USA
Authors: Kapsenberg Lydia , Hofmann Gretchen E.
Published: February 2016

Eastern boundary current systems (EBCSs) experience dynamic fluctuations in seawater pH due to coastal upwelling and primary production. The lack of high‐resolution pH observations in EBCSs limits the ability to relate field pH exposures to performance of coastal marine species under future ocean change (acidification, warming). This 3‐yr study describes spatio‐temporal pH variability across the northern Channel Islands, along a persistent temperature gradient (1–4°C) within the eastern boundary California Current System. pH and Conductivity, Temperature, Depth, and Oxygen sensors were deployed on island piers in eelgrass and kelp habitat and on a subtidal mooring. Due to event‐scale primary production, the temperature gradient across the islands did not manifest in a pH gradient. We resolved spatial pH variability on diel (ΔpHT 0.05–0.2: photosynthesis), event‐scale (ΔpHT <0.1–0.2: upwelling, phytoplankton blooms, wind relaxation), and seasonal (ΔpHT 0.06: warming) time frames. In the kelp forest, summer mean pHT (8.01–8.02) and magnitude of diel pHT cycles (ΔpHT 0.12–0.10) were comparable year‐to‐year, despite 2.1°C warming from 2012 to 2014. Compared to nearby mainland sites, the northern Channel Islands experienced few low pH events. The majority of pHT observations were >7.9. The lowest pH observations (>1 SD below mean pHT) occurred under either warm (respiration during warm nights) or cold (advection of upwelled water) temperatures. We emphasize the importance of incorporating site‐specific environmental variability in studies of ocean change biology, particularly in the design of multistressor experiments.
Influence of lee waves and rotors on the near‐surface flow and pressure fields in the northern foreland of the Tatra Mountains
Authors: Szmyd Jakub
Published: February 2016

This study presents the results of a field campaign aimed at observing near‐surface flow and pressure fields downwind of the Tatra Mountains. The general objective was to study low‐level turbulence associated with lee waves and rotors and to improve weather forecasts for aviation. The main instrumentation consisted of a network of nine weather stations arranged as a transect perpendicular to the Tatra Mountains. The stations recorded the wind speed and direction (at 10 m), atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity (at 2 m) for ∼2 years. Gliding flights and cloud cover observations using two digital sky cameras also formed part of the campaign. The measurements were supported by data from atmospheric soundings in Poprad (Slovakia) and satellite images provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). During a stable southerly flow, episodes of flow separation were observed, which are associated with lee‐wave and rotor activity aloft. Based on data from the selected period, surface‐pressure perturbations arranged as alternate positive and negative anomalies with extreme values of up to ∼0.7 hPa were detected. Positive (negative) anomalies are assumed to be a response of the surface‐pressure field under the influence of descending (ascending) wave or rotor currents because of the downward (upward) component of the air movement in the atmosphere. The relationship between the decreasing magnitudes of the pressure perturbations with the distance from the Tatra Mountains was exposed. It was also possible to demonstrate the dependence of the position and intensity of pressure anomalies in relation to changes in wind conditions.
Mapping immune cell infiltration using restricted diffusion MRI
Authors: Yeh Fang‐Cheng , Liu Li , Hitchens T. Kevin , Wu Yijen L.
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Diffusion MRI provides a noninvasive way to assess tissue microstructure. Based on diffusion MRI, we propose a model‐free method called restricted diffusion imaging (RDI) to quantify restricted diffusion and correlate it with cellularity.

Theory and Methods

An analytical relation between q‐space signals and the density of restricted spins was derived to quantify restricted diffusion. A phantom study was conducted to investigate the performance of RDI, and RDI was applied to an animal study to assess immune cell infiltration in myocardial tissues with ischemia‐reperfusion injury.

Results

Our phantom study showed a correlation coefficient of 0.998 between cell density and the restricted diffusion quantified by RDI. The animal study also showed that the high‐value regions in RDI matched well with the macrophage infiltration areas in the H&E stained slides. In comparison with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), RDI exhibited its outperformance to detect macrophage infiltration and delineate inflammatory myocardium.

Conclusion

RDI can be used to reveal cell density and detect immune cell infiltration. RDI exhibits better specificity than the diffusivity measurement derived from DTI. Magn Reson Med 77:603–612, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites modified with graphene oxide in the interphase
Authors: Jiang Dawei , Liu Li , Wu Guangshun , Zhang Qingbo , Long Jun , Wu Zijian , Xie Fei , Huang Yudong
Published: February 2016

The surface topographies of carbon fibers treated by sizing agents with different graphene oxide (GO) content were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The surface elements compositions of carbon fibers were determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer. The interfacial properties of composites were studied by interfacial shear strength. The thermo‐mechanical properties of two typical specimens (CF‐G0 and CF‐G1 composites) were investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed the introduction of GO sheets on carbon fibers surfaces effectively improved the mechanical properties of carbon fibers/epoxy composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2425–2432, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Using eshelby–mori–tanaka scheme for 3D free vibration analysis of sandwich curved panels with functionally graded nanocomposite face sheets and finite length
Authors: Tahouneh Vahid , Naei Mohammad Hasan
Published: February 2016

This article deals with free vibration analysis of thick nanocomposite laminated curved panels with finite length resting on two‐parameter elastic foundations, based on the three‐dimensional elasticity theory. The main objective of this research paper is to present a 3D elasticity solution for free vibration analysis of thick laminated curved panels with continuously graded carbon nanotube‐reinforced sheets. The structure is supported by an elastic foundation with Winkler's (normal) and Pasternak's (shear) coefficients. The volume fractions of oriented, straight single‐walled carbon nanotubes are assumed to be a three‐parameter power‐law distribution which is graded in the radial direction of the panels. An equivalent continuum model based on the Eshelby‐Mori‐Tanaka approach is employed to estimate the effective constitutive law of the elastic isotropic medium (matrix) with oriented, straight carbon nanotubes. Because of using two‐dimensional generalized differential quadrature method, the present approach makes possible vibration analysis of cylindrical panels with two opposite axial edges simply supported and arbitrary boundary conditions including Free, Simply supported and Clamped at the curved edges. The convergence of the method is demonstrated and comparisons are made between the present results and results reported by well‐known references and have confirmed accuracy and efficiency of the present approach. This study serves as a benchmark for assessing the validity of numerical methods or two‐dimensional theories used to analysis of laminated curved panels. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E563–E576, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Evaluation of quantum dot immunofluorescence and a digital CMOS imaging system as an alternative to conventional organic fluorescence dyes and laser scanning for quantifying protein microarrays
Authors: Jain Aarti , Taghavian Omid , Vallejo Derek , Dotsey Emmanuel , Schwartz Dan , Bell Florian G. , Greef Chad , Davies D. Huw , Grudzien Jennipher , Lee Abraham P. , Felgner Philip L. , Liang Li
Published: February 2016

Organic fluorescent dyes are widely used for the visualization of bound antibody in a variety of immunofluorescence assays. However, the detection equipment is often expensive, fragile, and hard to deploy widely. Quantum dots (Qdot) are nanocrystals made of semiconductor materials that emit light at different wavelengths according to the size of the crystal, with increased brightness and stability. Here, we have evaluated a small benchtop “personal” optical imager (ArrayCAM) developed for quantification of protein arrays probed by Qdot‐based indirect immunofluorescence. The aim was to determine if the Qdot imager system provides equivalent data to the conventional organic dye‐labeled antibody/laser scanner system. To do this, duplicate proteome microarrays of Vaccinia virus, Brucella melitensis and Plasmodium falciparum were probed with identical samples of immune sera, and IgG, IgA, and IgM profiles visualized using biotinylated secondary antibodies followed by a tertiary reagent of streptavidin coupled to either P3 (an organic cyanine dye typically used for microarrays) or Q800 (Qdot). The data show excellent correlation for all samples tested (R > 0.8) with no significant change of antibody reactivity profiles. We conclude that Qdot detection provides data equivalent to that obtained using conventional organic dye detection. The portable imager offers an economical, more robust, and deployable alternative to conventional laser array scanners.
Binding of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and N‐desmethylthiamethoxam to nicotinic receptors of Myzus persicae: pharmacological profiling using neonicotinoids, natural agonists and antagonists
Authors: Kayser Hartmut , Lehmann Katrin , Gomes Marilyne , Schleicher Wolfgang , Dotzauer Karin , Moron Margarethe , Maienfisch Peter
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND

The increasing structural diversity of the neonicotinoid class of insecticides presently used in crop protection calls for a more detailed analysis of their mode of action at their cellular targets, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

RESULTS

Comparative radioligand binding studies using membranes of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and representatives of the chloropyridyl subclass (imidacloprid), the chlorothiazolyl subclass (thiamethoxam), the tetrahydrofuranyl subclass (dinotefuran), as well as the novel sulfoximine type (sulfoxaflor), which is not a neonicotinoid, reveal significant differences in the number of binding sites, the displacing potencies and the mode of binding interference. Furthermore, the mode of interaction of [3H]thiamethoxam and the nicotinic antagonists methyllycaconitine and dihydro‐β‐erythroidine is unique, with Hill values of >1, clearly different to the values of around unity for [3H]imidacloprid and [3H]N‐desmethylthiamethoxam. The interaction of [3H]N‐desmethylthiamethoxam with the agonist (−)nicotine is also characterised by a Hill value of >1.

CONCLUSIONS

There is no single conserved site or mode of binding of neonicotinoids and related nicotinic ligands to their target receptor, but a variety of binding pockets depending on the combination of receptor subunits, the receptor subtype, its functional state, as well as the structural flexibility of both the binding pockets and the ligands. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of NICE Medicines and Prescribing Associates
Authors: Ogden Joy
Published: February 2016

NICE Medicines and Prescribing Associates support and promote highquality, safe, cost‐effective prescribing and medicines optimisation within their local area. Joy Ogden speaks to practising Associates to find out more about what they do and the rewards associated with the role.
Electron–phonon correlation in cubic zirconia: @DFPT scheme
Authors: Dabiri Zohreh , Kazempour Ali , Sadeghzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2016

The indirect carrier–phonon vertex function is evaluated for cubic zirconia by employing the many‐body perturbation theory on top of the frozen phonon model. The phonon‐induced renormalizations are illustrated for each individual lattice vibronic mode. Our results show that for the indirect electron–phonon scattering, optical phonons make up the dominant contribution. Furthermore, it is observed that, despite the phonon–phonon interaction, there is a substantial polaronic character for all the activated optical vibration modes that is in accordance with the previous experimental and theoretical findings. In addition, a small to large polaron transition is observed in the presence of the optical phonons.
Characteristics analysis of traveling wave for boundary protection in distribution system
Authors: Zhang Xin , Mu Longhua
Published: February 2016

Since there is no significant difference in the transient component spectral energy between the internal and external faults in a distribution line, it is difficult to apply the boundary protection theory in the single‐ended protection of a distribution line. Based on the analysis of the traveling wave of internal and external faults in the distribution line by the grid method, we propose a new method by connecting band‐pass filters at line boundaries in parallel to strengthen the difference of transient voltage spectrum energy between internal and external faults. The results of PSCAD/EMTDC simulation and physical test prove that when external faults happen, great attenuation occurs after the traveling wave in passband goes through the band‐pass filter. But for internal faults, the traveling wave just suffers little attenuation since it does not go through the band‐pass filter, thus the difference of transient voltage spectrum energy in the frequency band between internal and external faults is obvious. This method can distinguish internal and external faults, and provides an effective theoretical basis and solutions for distribution line single‐ended boundary protection. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Morphofunctional study of the tongue in the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica, Anatidae): LM and SEM study
Authors: Skieresz-Szewczyk Kinga , Jackowiak Hanna
Published: February 2016

The domestic duck, as a representative of birds living in the water, is considered as a specialist filter-feeder. Behavioral observations of foraging revealed that these birds also use a terrestrial feeding mechanism such as grazing and pecking. This study examined the entirety of the lingual mucosa in relation to the structural adaptations required for this range of feeding activities. The structures on the lateral surfaces of the tongue, the conical and filiform papillae, constitute the food filtration apparatus. The process of pecking involves the spatula-shaped apex of the tongue and a specific horny plate—the lingual nail. In the grazing mechanism, large conical papillae and lamellae in the beak are required. Structures engaged in intra-oral transport include the median groove, lingual combs, the rostral border of the lingual prominence and distinct rows of conical papillae on the lingual prominence. Two types of keratinized epithelia, the ortho- and parakeratinized epithelium, as well as nonkeratinized epithelium cover individual areas of the tongue. The rostral and caudal lingual glands present in the lamina propria of the body, lingual prominence and root of the tongue produce mucus. The specific arrangement of Grandry and Herbst corpuscles form so-called bill-tongue organ monitoring food transportation. Our research confirm that the lingual mucosa in domestic duck is characterized by microstructural species-specific modifications of particular areas of the tongue, which is formed not only under the influence of the filtering mechanism, but also by terrestrial feeding mechanisms such as grazing or pecking.
Successful quantification of 4′-methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP) in human urine using LC–TOF-MS in an autopsy case
Authors: Shintani-Ishida Kaori , Kakiuchi Yasuhiro , Ikegaya Hiroshi
Published: February 2016

The toxicological detection of the new synthetic cathinone 4′-methyl-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MPHP) in urine samples has been impossible, because much of MPHP is metabolized before its excretion into urine. In this study, we successfully quantified unmetabolized MPHP in urine of an autopsy case using a sensitive method by liquid chromatography–time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The quantification method showed good linearity in the range of 1.00–100 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 0.5 ng/mL in human urine. In the autopsy case, the concentrations of MPHP in urine, plasma, and liver tissue samples were determined to be 60.1, 32.9 ng/mL, and 63.1 ng/g, respectively.
Histological examination of the right atrial appendage after failed catheter ablation for focal atrial tachycardia complicated by cardiogenic shock in a post‐partum patient
Authors: Mizukami Akira , Suzuki Makoto , Nakamura Rena , Kuroda Shunsuke , Ono Maki , Matsue Yuya , Iwatsuka Ryota , Yonetsu Taishi , Matsumura Akihiko , Hashimoto Yuji
Published: February 2016

A 26‐year‐old woman in her first pregnancy presented with persistent atrial tachycardia (AT). AT was resistant to medications, cardioversions, and the first attempt of catheter ablation. Two months after delivery she developed severe systolic dysfunction and circulatory collapse. Emergent catheter ablation was performed with the support of percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass and intraaortic balloon pump. The AT originated in the apex of the right atrial appendage (RAA). Repeated attempts at ablation were unsuccessful, prompting surgical RAA resection, which terminated the tachycardia and improved the cardiac function. Histological examination of resected RAA provided insights into mechanism of resistance to catheter ablation.