bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breast milk mesenchymal stem cells abate cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in adult male albino rats via modulating the AMPK pathway
Authors: Nageeb Mahitab M. , Saadawy Sara F. , Attia Seba Hassan
Published: October 2022

Myocardial injury influenced by cisplatin (Cis) is a compelling reason to hunt out a treatment modality to overcome such a threat in cisplatin-treated patients. Breast Milk mesenchymal stem cells (Br-MSCs) are a non-invasive, highly reproducible source of stem cells. Herein, we investigate Br-MSCs' role in cardiotoxicity induced by cisplatin. Rats were divided into; control, Cis-treated (received 12 mg/kg single intraperitoneal injection), BrMSCs-treated (received single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml sterilized phosphate-buffered saline containing 2 × 107 cells of Br-MSCs); metformin-treated (received 250 mg/kg/day orally) and BrMSCs + metformin + Cis treated groups. At the experiment end, serum creatine kinase (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) activates were estimated, cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured, cardiac expression of Bax and Bcl-2 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as well as heart histopathology, were evaluated. Study results showed that Cis explored acute cardiotoxicity evidenced by deteriorated cardiac indices, induction of oxidative stress, and inflammation with myocardium histological alterations. Treatment with Br-MSCs restored heart function and structure deteriorated by Cis injection. The antioxidant/anti-inflammatory/anti-apoptotic results of Br-MSCs were supported by AMPK activation denoting their protective role against cisplatin-induced cardiac injury. These results were superior when metformin was added to the treatment protocol.
Transition matrices model as a way to better understand and predict intra-hospital pathways of covid-19 patients
Authors: Foucrier Arnaud , Perrio Jules , Grisel Johann , Crépey Pascal , Gayat Etienne , Vieillard-Baron Antoine , Batteux Frédéric , Gauss Tobias , Squara Pierre , Lo Seak-Hy , Wargon Matthias , Hellmann Romain
Published: October 2022

Since January 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has severely affected hospital systems worldwide. In Europe, the first 3 epidemic waves (periods) have been the most severe in terms of number of infected and hospitalized patients. There are several descriptions of the demographic and clinical profiles of patients with COVID-19, but few studies of their hospital pathways. We used transition matrices, constructed from Markov chains, to illustrate the transition probabilities between different hospital wards for 90,834 patients between March 2020 and July 2021 managed in Paris area. We identified 3 epidemic periods (waves) during which the number of hospitalized patients was significantly high. Between the 3 periods, the main differences observed were: direct admission to ICU, from 14 to 18%, mortality from ICU, from 28 to 24%, length of stay (alive patients), from 9 to 7 days from CH and from 18 to 10 days from ICU. The proportion of patients transferred from CH to ICU remained stable. Understanding hospital pathways of patients is crucial to better monitor and anticipate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on health system.
BDNF/TRKB axis provokes EMT progression to induce cell aggressiveness via crosstalk with cancer-associated fibroblasts in human parotid gland cancer
Authors: Moriwaki Kazumasa , Wada Masaki , Kuwabara Hiroko , Ayani Yusuke , Terada Tetsuya , Higashino Masaaki , Kawata Ryo , Asahi Michio
Published: October 2022

Parotid gland cancer (PGC) is a rare malignancy and its molecular characteristics remain poorly understood, which has precluded the development of effective drug therapies. Given the poor prognosis of many human cancers in which tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB) is highly expressed, we investigated the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TRKB pathway in PGC cells using clinical specimens and observed upregulation of TRKB and BDNF. In primary culture systems of patient-derived PGC cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), PGC cells co-cultured with CAFs exhibited significant upregulation of BDNF and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Similar results were observed in PGC cells treated with conditioned medium from co-cultures of PGC cells with CAFs. Administration of TRK inhibitors suppressed BDNF-induced cell migration in PGC cells. Immunohistochemical and clinicopathological analyses of tumors from patients with PGC revealed that BDNF and TRKB were highly expressed in both tumor cells and stromal cells such as CAFs, and TRKB expression levels in PGC cells were significantly correlated with aggressive features, including vascular invasion, nodal metastasis, and poor prognosis. Collectively, these data suggest that the BDNF/TRKB pathway regulates PGC cell aggressiveness via crosstalk with CAFs and is a potential therapeutic target for PGC harboring invasive and metastatic features.
Assessing Müllerian mimicry in North American bumble bees using human perception
Authors: Wilson Joseph S. , Pan Aaron D. , Alvarez Sussy I. , Carril Olivia Messinger
Published: October 2022

Despite the broad recognition of mimicry among bumble bees, distinct North American mimicry rings have yet to be defined, due in part to the prevalence of intermediate and imperfect mimics in this region. Here we employ a generalization approach using human perception to categorize mimicry rings among North American bumble bees. We then map species distributions on North American ecoregions to visually test for geographic concordance among similarly-colored species. Our analyses suggest that there are five mimicry rings in the North American bumble bee mimicry complex, and one broadly distributed group of mixed and intermediate color forms. We describe the Black Mimicry Ring, Black-cloaked Mimicry Ring, Eastern Yellow Mimicry Ring, Red Mimicry Ring, and Western Yellow Mimicry Ring as well as the mixed group. We then test these hypothesized mimicry rings by examining other insects that participate in these mimicry rings. Describing these mimicry rings is a vital step that will enable future analyses of imperfect mimicry, intermediate mimicry, and additional analyses of other insects that mimic bumble bees.
Efficient achievement of enteral autonomy facilitates resolution of liver injury in necrotizing enterocolitis induced short bowel syndrome
Authors: Mutanen Annika , Pöntinen Ville , Gunnar Riikka , Merras-Salmio Laura , Pakarinen Mikko P.
Published: October 2022

Children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are at high risk for intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). The aim of this retrospective follow-up study was to compare weaning off parenteral nutrition (PN) and IFALD between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and non-NEC induced SBS. Altogether, 77 patients with neonatal SBS treated by our multidisciplinary intestinal failure unit (NEC n = 38, non-NEC SBS n = 39) were included and followed-up at least for 2 years until median age of 10 years (interquartile range, 6.0–16). Occurrence and characteristics of IFALD was assessed with liver biopsies obtained at median age of 3.2 (1.0–6.7) years (n = 62) and serum liver biochemistry. Overall, NEC patients had less end-jejunostomies and autologous intestinal reconstruction surgeries performed compared to non-NEC patients (< 0.05), while remaining small bowel anatomy was comparable between groups. Cumulative weaning off PN was more frequent and duration of PN shorter among NEC patients (P < 0.05). Overall cumulative probability of histological IFALD was lower among NEC patients during whole follow-up period (P = 0.052) and at 10 years (P = 0.024). NEC patients had lower ALT and GGT levels at last follow-up (P < 0.05 for all). In univariate Cox regression analysis, absence of end-jejunostomy, NEC diagnosis, longer remaining small bowel length, multidisciplinary treatment and prematurity were predictive for weaning off PN, while NEC diagnosis and lower birth weight in addition to multidisciplinary care protected from histological IFALD. Neonates with NEC induced SBS reached enteral autonomy earlier than those with non-NEC SBS, which associated with more efficient resolution of histological IFALD among long-term survivors.
Investigation of the ionic conditions in SiRNA-mediated delivery through its carriers in the cell membrane: a molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Darvishi Mohammad Hasan , Allahverdi Abdollah , Hashemzadeh Hadi , Javadi Hamid Reza
Published: October 2022

SiRNA is a new generation of drug molecules and a new approach for treating a variety of diseases such as cancer and viral infections. SiRNA delivery to cells and translocation into cytoplasm are the main challenges in the clinical application of siRNA. Lipid carriers are one of the most successful carriers for siRNA delivery. In this study, we investigated the interaction of siRNA with a zwitterionic bilayer and how ion concentration and lipid conjugation can affect it. The divalent cation such as Mg2+ ions could promote the siRNA adsorption on the bilayer surface. The cation ions can bind to the head groups of lipids and the grooves of siRNA molecules and form bridges between the siRNA and bilayer surface. Our findings demonstrated the bridges formed by divalent ions could facilitate the attachment of siRNA to the membrane surface. We showed that the divalent cations can regulate the bridging-driven membrane attachment and it seems the result of this modulation can be used for designing biomimetic devices. In the following, we examined the effect of cations on the interaction between siRNA modified by cholesterol and the membrane surface. Our MD simulations showed that in the presence of Mg2+, the electrostatic and vdW energy between the membrane and siRNA were higher compared to those in the presence of NA+. We showed that the electrostatic interaction between membrane and siRNA cannot be facilitated only by cholesterol conjugated. Indeed, cations are essential to create coulomb repulsion and enable membrane attachment. This study provides important insight into liposome carriers for siRNA delivery and could help us in the development of siRNA-based therapeutics. Due to the coronavirus pandemic outbreak, these results may shed light on the new approach for treating these diseases and their molecular details.
The Latin America Early Career Earth System Scientist Network (LAECESS): addressing present and future challenges of the upcoming generations of scientists in the region
Authors: Yáñez-Serrano Ana María , Aguilos Maricar , Barbosa Cybelli , Bolaño-Ortiz Tomás Rafael , Carbone Samara , Díaz-López Stephanie , Diez Sebastián , Dominutti Pamela , Engelhardt Vanessa , Alves Eliane Gomes , Pedraza Jenniffer , Saturno Jorge , Tzompa-Sosa Zitely A.
Published: October 2022

Early career (EC) Earth system scientists in the Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC) have been facing several issues, such as limited funding opportunities, substandard scientific facilities, lack of security of tenure, and unrepresented groups equality issues. On top of this, the worsening regional environmental and climatic crises call for the need for this new generation of scientists to help to tackle these crises by increasing public awareness and research. Realizing the need to converge and step up in making a collective action to be a part of the solution, the Latin America Early Career Earth System Scientist Network (LAECESS) was created in 2016. LAECESS’s primary goals are to promote regional networking, foster integrated and interdisciplinary science, organize soft skills courses and workshops, and empower Latin American EC researchers. This article is an initial step towards letting the global science community grasp the current situation and hear the early career LAC science community’s perspectives. The paper also presents a series of future steps needed for better scientific and social development in the LAC region.
Continuous exchange of nectar nutrients in an Oriental hornet colony
Authors: Bouchebti Sofia , Bodner Levona , Levin Eran
Published: October 2022

Nutritional exchanges play a fundamental role in the evolution of animal societies. In higher animal societies, while adult individuals can be both food donors and receivers, the offspring usually only receive food from the adults. Hornets and wasps are fierce insect hunters that feed their larvae with prey. However, although the adults also consume floral nectar, the role of nectar in vespid nutrition has remained largely unknown. We provided experimental colonies of the Oriental hornet with artificial nectar enriched with a 13C-labeled amino acid, and found that a continuous cycle of nutrition took place, in which nectar nutrients were used and exchanged back and forth between adults and larvae. We posit that this continuous cycle of nutrients constitutes a mechanism contributing to social cohesion. In an additional experiment, we found that nectar consumption was essential for adult and larval survival, suggesting the importance of wasps and hornets as pollinators in natural ecosystems.
Discovery, nuclear properties, synthesis and applications of technetium-101
Authors: Johnstone Erik V. , Mayordomo Natalia , Mausolf Edward J.
Published: October 2022

Technetium-101 (101Tc) has been poorly studied in comparison with other Tc isotopes, although it was first identified over ~80 years ago shortly after the discovery of the element Tc itself. Its workable half-life and array of production modes, i.e., light/heavy particle reactions, fission, fusion-evaporation, etc., allow it to be produced and isolated using an equally diverse selection of chemical separation pathways. The inherent nuclear properties of 101Tc make it important for research and applications related to radioanalytical tracer studies, as a fission signature, fusion materials, fission reactor fuels, and potentially as a radioisotope for nuclear medicine. In this review, an aggregation of the known literature concerning the chemical, nuclear, and physical properties of 101Tc and some its applications are presented. This work aims at providing an up-to-date and first-of-its-kind overview of 101Tc that could be of importance for further development of the fundamental and applied nuclear and radiochemistry of 101Tc.
HypoMap—a unified single-cell gene expression atlas of the murine hypothalamus
Authors: Steuernagel Lukas , Lam Brian Y. H. , Klemm Paul , Dowsett Georgina K. C. , Bauder Corinna A. , Tadross John A. , Hitschfeld Tamara Sotelo , del Rio Martin Almudena , Chen Weiyi , de Solis Alain J. , Fenselau Henning , Davidsen Peter , Cimino Irene , Kohnke Sara N. , Rimmington Debra , Coll Anthony P. , Beyer Andreas , Yeo Giles S. H. , Brüning Jens C.
Published: October 2022

The hypothalamus plays a key role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Despite recent progress in single-cell technologies, a unified catalog and molecular characterization of the heterogeneous cell types and, specifically, neuronal subtypes in this brain region are still lacking. Here, we present an integrated reference atlas, ‘HypoMap,’ of the murine hypothalamus, consisting of 384,925 cells, with the ability to incorporate new additional experiments. We validate HypoMap by comparing data collected from Smart-Seq+Fluidigm C1 and bulk RNA sequencing of selected neuronal cell types with different degrees of cellular heterogeneity. Finally, via HypoMap, we identify classes of neurons expressing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (Glp1r) and prepronociceptin (Pnoc), and validate them using single-molecule in situ hybridization. Collectively, HypoMap provides a unified framework for the systematic functional annotation of murine hypothalamic cell types, and it can serve as an important platform to unravel the functional organization of hypothalamic neurocircuits and to identify druggable targets for treating metabolic disorders.
Comment on “Structural, electrical, and multiferroic characteristics of lead-free multiferroic: Bi(Co0.5Ti0.5)O3–BiFeO3 solid solution” by N. Kumar, A. Shukla, N. Kumar, R. Choudhary and A. Kumar, RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 36939”
Authors: Tomaszewski Paweł E.
Published: October 2022

The significant errors in the crystallographic part of the commented paper are described. The new chemical formula of the studied crystal is proposed: Bi25FeO39 : Co,Ti. The coexistence of two sillenite type phases is evidenced.
Push–pull amino-nitro helicenes: synthesis, (chir)optical properties and self-assembly into thin films
Authors: Šámal Michal , Rybáček Jiří , Holec Jan , Hanus Jan , Vacek Jaroslav , Buděšínský Miloš , Bednárová Lucie , Fiedler Pavel , Slušná Michaela Šrámová , Stará Irena G. , Starý Ivo
Published: October 2022

A series of regioisomeric push–pull amino-nitro [6]helicenes and a related [7]helicene derivative were prepared and their racemates resolved into enantiomers.
Facile synthesis of heterogeneous macrocycles for intramolecular energy transfer
Authors: Liu Ao , Meng Xin , Shen Chen-Chen , Zhang Zhi-Yuan , Li Chunju
Published: October 2022

Heterogeneous macrocycles with fluorenone and fluorenol functional groups are synthesized by two facile methods involving post-modification on the macrocycles and one-pot co-cyclization from different monomers.
In situ lead oxysalt passivation layer for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hou Wenjing , Guo Mengna , Chang Yunzhen , Zhu Sheng , Bi Huan , Shen Qing , Xiao Yaoming , Han Gaoyi
Published: October 2022

Rb2SO4 can passivate defects and enhance device stability by reacting with Pb2+ to form hydrophobic PbSO4in situ.
Coordination polymers and molecular complexes of group 13 metal halides with bis-pyridylethane: comparison with rigid N-containing ligands
Authors: Gugin Nikita Y. , Virovets Alexander V. , Peresypkina Eugenia , Davydova Elena I. , Timoshkin Alexey Y.
Published: October 2022

Cationic 1D coordination polymers based on complexes of aluminium and gallium trihalides with 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane featuring double bridged bpa in gauche conformation.
Facet-dependent electrochemical performance and electronic structure of LiCoO2 polyhedral particles revealed by microscopic resonant X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Wenxiong , Hosono Eiji , Asakura Daisuke , Tanaka Shingo , Kobayashi Masaki , Nagamura Naoka , Oshima Masaharu , Miyawaki Jun , Kiuchi Hisao , Harada Yoshihisa
Published: October 2022

The Co 3d electronic structure of each facet of a layered LiCoO2 cathode particle was selectively extracted by microscopic resonant photoelectron spectroscopy to elucidate the surface stability of each facet.
Construction strategies to modulate the photocatalytic efficiency of Cd(ii) MOFs to photodegrade organic dyes
Authors: Xiong Min , Wu Jian , Lu Lu , Wang Jun , Zhang Wei , Guo Jian , Singh Amita , Kumar Abhinav , Muddassir Mohd.
Published: October 2022

Two new tuned 3D Cd(ii) MOFs were synthesized and used as photocatalysts for dye degradation.
Gas-phase oxidation and nanoparticle formation in multi-element laser ablation plumes
Authors: Kautz Elizabeth J. , Zelenyuk Alla , Gwalani Bharat , Phillips Mark C. , Harilal Sivanandan S.
Published: October 2022

Interaction of a multi-element laser produced plasma with air leads to formation of fractal agglomerates of nanoparticles consisting of multiple elements and their oxides.
The activated reaction of dichlorocarbene with triplet molecular oxygen
Authors: Wagner J. Philipp
Published: October 2022

The reaction of dichlorocarbene and molecular oxygen in their respective ground states is hindered by a considerable barrier rendering a diffusion controlled formation of the resulting Criegee intermediate unlikely.
Directed gas phase preparation of ethynylallene (H2CCCHCCH; X1A′) via the crossed molecular beam reaction of the methylidyne radical (CH; X2Π) with vinylacetylene (H2CCHCCH; X1A′)
Authors: He Chao , Yang Zhenghai , Doddipatla Srinivas , Thomas Aaron M. , Kaiser Ralf I. , Galimova Galiya R. , Mebel Alexander M. , Fujioka Kazuumi , Sun Rui
Published: October 2022

The elementary reaction of the methylidyne radical with vinylacetylene leading to the predominant formation of ethynylallene and atomic hydrogen via indirect scattering dynamics.
Improved emission of Yb(iii) ions in triazacyclononane-based macrocyclic ligands compared to cyclen-based ones
Authors: Kiraev Salauat R. , Mathieu Emilie , Kovacs Daniel , Wells Jordann A. L. , Tomar Monika , Andres Julien , Borbas K. Eszter
Published: October 2022

Yb(iii) complexes were synthesised from ligands with a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) macrocyclic core. Tacn-based compounds equipped with 2 picolinate arms were more emissive than their tricarboxamide-cyclen analogues carrying the same antenna.
Fabrication and enhanced photoelectric properties of a novel Bi9O7.5S6/CdS composite film
Authors: Fang Yongzheng , Wang Jing , Liu Zhanqiang , Zhao Guoying , Huang Yanwei , Hou Jingshan , Zhang Ganghua
Published: October 2022

A novel Bi9O7.5S6/CdS composite film with a type-II heterojunction was presented with a superior photoelectric response and photostability under visible-light irradiation.
In situ growth of CoNi bimetallic alloys inside polyetheretherketone-derived hierarchical porous carbon as a broadband and efficient electromagnetic wave absorber
Authors: Xu Pan , Meng Lingcheng , He Hongru , Qi Desheng , Wang Shan , Fang Jiyong , Yue Xigui
Published: October 2022

A polyetheretherketone-derived hierarchical porous carbon/CoNi bimetallic alloys composite has demonstrated great potential for application in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption.
An integrated self-healing anode assembled via dynamic encapsulation of liquid metal with a 3D Ti3C2Tx network for enhanced lithium storage
Authors: Zhang Hanning , Chen Pengyu , Xia Huan , Xu Gang , Wang Yaping , Zhang Tengfei , Sun Wenwen , Turgunov Muhammadali , Zhang Wei , Sun ZhengMing
Published: October 2022

A facile “one-step” strategy was developed for in situ encapsulating liquid metal (LM) though 3D Ti3C2Tx–MXene skeleton. The “inside–outside” design endows the LM-MXene anode with enhanced lithium storage performance.
Concluding remarks
Authors: Calvo Florent
Published: October 2022

The field of nanoalloys has evolved a lot since the first Faraday Discussions on this topic. These concluding remarks highlight these changes and try to extrapolate what future research directions might be.
Coupling photocatalytic overall water splitting with hydrogenation of organic molecules: a strategy for using water as a hydrogen source and an electron donor to enable hydrogenation
Authors: Guo Yinggang , An Wankai , Tian Xinzhe , Xie Lixia , Ren Yun-Lai
Published: October 2022

A strategy for using green water as a hydrogen source and electron donor to enable the hydrogenation of aryl bromides is reported.
Substituent-controlled selective synthesis of 1,2-diketones and internal alkynes from terminal alkynes and arylboronic acids via α-stilbene radicals obtained from heteroleptic Cu(i) complexes under visible light
Authors: Neerathilingam Nalladhambi , Prasanth Kesavan , Anandhan Ramasamy
Published: October 2022

Herein, we report a substituent-controlled synthesis of 1,2-diketones and internal alkynes from terminal alkynes and arylboronic acids via α-stilbene radicals obtained from heteroleptic Cu(i) complexes under visible-light irradiation.
Integrating energy-environmental functions into multifaceted lignocellulose valorization: high-performance supercapacitors and antibiotic decomposition
Authors: Guo Jun , Xu Jikun , Xiao Xiao , Dai Lin , Zhang Chuntao , Huo Kaifu
Published: October 2022

From a multipronged chemical perspective, rationally-designed lignocellulose valorization that promotes the “biomass–energy–water” value is proposed to encompass supercapacitor electrodes and antibiotic decomposition.
Tolerance of metal halide perovskites to mechanical treatment enables the fabrication of patterned luminescence nano- and microstructures
Authors: Li Jun , Yangui Aymen , Jafari Jam Reza , An Qingzhi , Vaynzof Yana , Unger Eva , Maximov Ivan , Scheblykin Ivan G.
Published: October 2022

The ancient technology of colouring by mechanical rubbing of a dry pigment onto surfaces can be applied to metal halide perovskites, enabling the fabrication of highly luminescent templated micro and nano arrays.
Numerical modeling investigations of the impact of a thin p-type cocatalyst modifier on an n-type photon absorber for unbiased overall solar water splitting
Authors: Huang HanHsuan , Obata Kesiuke , Kishimoto Fuminao , Takanabe Kazuhiro
Published: October 2022

Surface modifications of semiconductor photoelectrodes are effectively introduced to enhance charge separation and reaction kinetics during solar-driven water splitting.
Preparation, biological evaluation and QSAR analysis of urea substituted 2,4-diamino-pyrimidine anti-malarials
Authors: Toviwek Borvornwat , Riley Jennifer , Mutter Nicole , Anderson Mark , Webster Lauren , Hallyburton Irene , Gleeson Duangkamol , Read Kevin D. , Gleeson M. Paul
Published: October 2022

Twenty six new phenylurea substituted 2,4-diamino-pyrimidines active against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) 3D7 are reported.
Revisiting a challenging p53 binding site: a diversity-optimized HEFLib reveals diverse binding modes in T-p53C-Y220C
Authors: Stahlecker Jason , Klett Theresa , Schwer Martin , Jaag Simon , Dammann Marcel , Ernst Larissa N. , Braun Michael B. , Zimmermann Markus O. , Kramer Markus , Lämmerhofer Michael , Stehle Thilo , Coles Murray , Boeckler Frank M.
Published: October 2022

Fragment screening of the challenging drug target T-p53-Y220C with our diversity optimized HEFLib leads to diverse reversible and covalent binding modes.
Transition metal dichalcogenide magnetic atomic chains
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wu Xiaojun , Yang Jinlong
Published: October 2022

This study reveals the diverse magnetic properties of MX2 atomic single-chains and provides a promising building block for nanoscale electronic and spintronic devices.
Role of ligand spacer length of a tripodal amide on uranium(vi) and plutonium(iv) complexation: synthesis, solvent extraction, liquid membrane transport and theoretical studies
Authors: Karak Ananda , Mahanty Bholanath , Mohapatra Prasanta K. , Musharaf Ali Sk. , Egberink Richard J. M. , Sathe Darshan B. , Bhatt Raj B. , Valsala Thisur P. , Huskens Jurriaan , Verboom Willem
Published: October 2022

Liquid–liquid extraction of several actinide and lanthanide ions,viz., U(vi), Pu(iv), Am(iii) and Eu(iii) was investigated from nitric acid feed solutions employingN,N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′-hexa-n-octyl nitrilotripropamide (HONTP) in 90%n-dodecane + 10% isodecanol.
Synthesis and characterization of a new phenothiazine-based sensitizer/co-sensitizer for efficient dye-sensitized solar cell performance using a gel polymer electrolyte and Ni–TiO2as a photoanode
Authors: Devadiga Dheeraj , Selvakumar M. , Devadiga Deepak , Ahipa T. N. , Shetty Prakasha , Paramasivam Selvaraj , Kumar S. Senthil
Published: October 2022

Efficiency enhancement of a DSSC using a metal-free co-sensitizer, Ni–TiO2photoanode, and blend gel polymer electrolyte.
Black phosphorus coupled bismuth chloride oxide nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Ma Jin , Hu Miaomiao , Li Daozheng , Fan Jinchen , Bi Qingyuan
Published: October 2022

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to useful CO and CH4 is significantly boosted by black phosphorus (BP) coupled bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanocomposites, presenting an efficient and reliable approach to green and sustainable solar energy conversion.
High water permeance and ion rejection through F-graphene oxide membranes
Authors: Maimuli Wuerkaixi , Yang Rujie , Wang Shuai , Liu Junfan , Dai Fangfang , Wang Jun , Li Lu , Chen Liang , Liang Shanshan
Published: October 2022

F-GO membranes with enlarged interlayer spacings and F-functioned channels exhibited an excellent water permeance of ∼219.7 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, while still maintained 99.9% ion rejection for wastewater treatment.
Silicon-based hydrophobic tags applied in liquid-phase peptide synthesis: protected DRGN-1 and poly alanine chain synthesis
Authors: Wu An , Ramakrishna Isai , Hattori Tomohiro , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: October 2022

Two types of silicon-based hydrophobic tags, including a siloxy group containing tag and an arylsilyl group containing tag, were developed for applying them in tag-assisted liquid-phase peptide synthesis (Tag LPPS) to synthesize long peptides.
Formation of kinetically trapped small clusters of PEGylated gold nanoparticles revealed by the combination of small-angle X-ray scattering and visible light spectroscopy
Authors: Szekrényes Daniel P. , Hamon Cyrille , Constantin Doru , Deák András
Published: October 2022

Combined SAXS and spectroscopy study of PEGylated gold nanoparticle clusters shows the formation of small clusters with compact geometry.
The early Japanese books reorganization by combining image processing and deep learning
Authors: Lyu Bing , Li Hengyi , Tanaka Ami , Meng Lin
Published: October 2022

Many early Japanese books record a large amount of information, including historical politics, economics, culture, and so on, which are all valuable legacies. These books are waiting to be reorganized at the moment. However, a large amount of the books are described by Kuzushiji, a type of handwriting cursive script that is no longer in use today and only readable by a few experts. Therefore, researchers are trying to detect and recognise the characters from these books through modern techniques. Unfortunately, the characteristics of the Kuzushiji, such as Connect‐Separate‐characters and Many‐variation, hinder the modern technique assisted re‐organisation. Connect‐Separate‐characters refer to the case of some characters connecting each other or one character being separated into unconnected parts, which makes character detection hard. Many‐variation is one of the typical characteristics of Kuzushiji, defined as the case that the same character has several variations even if they are written by the same person in the same book at the same time, which increases the difficulty of character recognition. In this sense, this paper aims to construct an early Japanese book reorganisation system by combining image processing and deep learning techniques. The experimentation has been done by testing two early Japanese books. In terms of character detection, the final Recall, Precision and F‐value reaches 79.8%, 80.3%, and 80.0%, respectively. The deep learning based character recognition accuracy of Top3 reaches 69.52%, and the highest recognition rate reaches 82.57%, which verifies the effectiveness of our proposal.
Non‐linear electrical conductivity of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer‐based composite dielectrics by tuning inorganic fillers
Authors: Zhang Tiandong , Li Hao , Zhang Changhai , Tang Chao , Li Zhonghua , Chi Qingguo
Published: October 2022

In this study, three kinds of inorganic fillers are chosen and filled into ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) matrix, including silicon carbide, copper calcium titanate (CCTO), and vanadium dioxide (VO2). The electrical properties of the three modified composites at different temperatures have been systematically studied. The intrinsic conductance behaviours of different inorganic fillers on the direct current conductance and electric breakdown strength of the composite dielectrics are also analysed, and the possible mechanism for non‐linear conductivity is revealed. The electrical conductivity increases with the increase of fillers content, where 30 wt.% CCTO/EPDM composite dielectric has a high non‐linear coefficient of 5.71. The increase in temperature can further increase the conductivity of the composites, accompanying a lower breakdown strength. When the temperature rises to 70°C, the VO2/EPDM composite has a higher conductivity, but the electric breakdown strength degrades seriously. The simulation results show that the composites with non‐linear electrical conductivity characteristics can effectively uniform the electric field and solve the problem of electric field concentration at the root of the stress cone, which is beneficial to improving the safe operation of the cable accessories.
Application of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet in a rat model of ischaemic stroke: Design, optimisation, and characteristics
Authors: Chen Ye , Yang Bingyan , Liu Yuqing , Xu Lixin , Shi Zhongfang , Liu Yixiao , Han Ruoyu , Yuan Fang , Ouyang Jiting , Yan Xu , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: October 2022

Recent studies have shown the in vitro neuro‐protective functions of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) against multiple pathological injuries during ischaemic stroke (IS). However, whether APP treatment exerts a therapeutic effect on a rat IS model remains unclear. Here, on the basis of needle‐to‐ring dielectric barrier discharge, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was designed, with the Helium as the working gas which was driven by a sinusoidal voltage. Then, the treatment conditions were optimised for IS rat model treatment and the characteristics of this APPJ were further diagnosed. Subsequently, the rat IS model was established through 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and plasma was intermittently inhaled by rats via the nasal cavity for a 2 min period at 60 min of MCAO process. The therapeutic effects of this plasma jet device were then evaluated using biomedical analyses. According to our results, intermittent APP inhalation in the MCAO rats increased the serum NO content, improved the neurological function, enhanced regional cerebral blood flow, lowered brain infarction, and reduced the cell apoptosis in brain tissues of MCAO rats. Collectively, our data provides a novel potential strategy for IS treatment by using atmospheric‐pressure plasma inhalation.
Improvement of partial discharge resistance of polypropylene under AC voltage by blending elastomer
Authors: Gao Yu , Peng Jinjing , Li Jing , Song Zheng , Xu Xuri , Han Tao , Xiao Meng
Published: October 2022

This paper reports on the partial discharge (PD) erosion characteristics of polypropylene (PP)/elastomer blends where ethylene‐octene copolymer elastomer (EOC) and propylene‐based elastomer are involved. The PD erosion is performed through a pair of needle‐to‐plane electrodes by applying 5 kV AC voltage for 2 h. A high‐frequency current transformer, optical recorder, and ozone sensor are used to capture the information released during the PD erosion process. In addition, a 3D optical profilometer is employed to record the erosion profile, from which the erosion depth and the surface roughness can be extracted. Carrier trap distribution is derived from the isothermal surface potential decay measurement. The influences of elastomer type and content on the PD resistance are analyzed. The results show that the resistance is improved with the addition of elastomer, and the blend containing EOC of 20 wt% has the best PD resistance among all samples, which is 61.9% higher than that of the pure PP. It is proposed that the carrier trap characteristics, the property of elastomer, and the free volume in the material play important roles in the improvement of the PD resistance. This work provides a potential method to enhance the PD resistance of PP by blending elastomer with proper type and content.
Frequency regulation of off‐grid system with battery energy storage system using deep Q‐network
Authors: Takayama Satoshi , Sawabe Takeshi , Ishigame Atsushi , Hashikawa Kazuyuki , Kuwashita Yukiyasu
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a model‐free decision algorithm for battery energy storage system (BESS) charging/discharging using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to regulate off‐grid frequency fluctuation. This method is novel since the frequency regulation problem is cast in an off‐grid system to a deep Q‐network framework, which avoids directly solving a specific optimization model or model‐based control. The advantage of the proposed method is that the agents learn to comprehensively make short‐term forecasts of demand and PV output, analyse trends in forecast errors, and create control signals within the framework of DRL. A reward function with two criteria, frequency target value and frequency constraint value, guides the agent to suppress the frequency fluctuation by adjusting the weight coefficient. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using computational simulations with the off‐grid system model and actual power consumption data. The proposed method enables controlling the BESS to satisfy the balance of supply and demand on the off‐grid, thus realizing a control method that does not require predictive information. Moreover, the frequency control can be achieved more accurately in a short computation time than the prediction‐based method using the seasonal auto‐regressive integrated moving average.
Properties of shock waves in the quiet-Sun chromosphere
Authors: Mathur Harsh , Joshi Jayant , Nagaraju K. , van der Voort Luc Rouppe , Bose Souvik
Published: October 2022

Context.Short-lived (100 s or less), sub-arcsec to a couple of arcsec sized features of enhanced brightenings in the narrowband images at the H2Vand K2Vpositions of the Ca IIH&K lines in the quiet Sun are known as bright grains. These bright grains are interpreted as manifestations of acoustic shock waves in the chromosphere.

Aims.We aim to study time-varying stratified atmospheric properties, such as the temperature, line-of-sight (LOS) velocity, and microturbulence inferred from observations of the bright grains during such acoustic shock events.

Methods.With simultaneous observations of a quiet-Sun internetwork region in the Fe I6173 Å, Ca II8542 Å, and Ca IIK lines acquired by the CRisp Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter and the CHROMospheric Imaging Spectrometer instruments on the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope, we performed multi-line non-local thermodynamic equilibrium inversions using the STockholm inversion Code to infer the time-varying stratified atmosphere’s physical properties.

Results.The Ca IIK profiles of bright grains show enhancement in the K2Vpeak intensities with the absence of the K2Rfeatures. At the time of maximum enhancement in the K2Vpeak intensities, we found average enhancements in temperature at lower chromospheric layers (at log τ500≃ −4.2) of about 1.1 kK, with a maximum enhancement of ∼4.5 kK. These temperature enhancements are co-located with upflows, as strong as −6 km s−1, in the direction of the LOS. The LOS velocities at upper chromospheric layers at log τ500< −4.2 show consistent downflows greater than +8 km s−1. The retrieved value of microturbulence in the atmosphere of bright grains is negligible at chromospheric layers.

Conclusions.This study provides observational evidence to support the interpretation that the bright grains observed in narrowband images at the H2Vand K2Vpositions of the Ca IIH&K lines are manifestations of upward propagating acoustic shocks against a background of downflowing atmospheres.
Gesundheit und berufliche Zufriedenheit von freiberuflichen und
angestellten Hebammen: Ergebnisse einer Hebammenbefragung in
Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Kohler Stefan , Bärnighausen Till , Eichenauer Jutta , Scheichenbauer Christel , Paul Nicolas
Published: October 2022

Hintergrund Seit einigen Jahren wird in Deutschland vielerorts ein Mangel
an Hebammen diskutiert. In dieser Studie befragten wir freiberufliche und
angestellte Hebammen in Baden-Württemberg zu ihrer Gesundheit sowie
beruflichen Zufriedenheit.

Methode In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Hebammenverband
Baden-Württemberg wurde vom 16. Oktober bis 10. Dezember 2017 eine
Online-Hebammenbefragung durchgeführt. Mithilfe einer visuellen
Analogskala (0–100 Punkte), dem WHO-5-Fragebogen (0–100 Punkte)
und dem Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (0–100 Punkte) wurden Daten zum
Gesundheitszustand, Wohlbefinden und Burnout erhoben. Berufliche Zufriedenheit
wurde über eine 7-stufige Likert-Skala erfragt.
Siebenhundertzweiundzwanzig Hebammen nahmen an der Befragung teil. Für
diese Studie wurden 545 bis 608 Datensätze ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Von den untersuchten Hebammen schätzten 78,1%
ihren Gesundheitszustand als gut oder sehr gut ein (≥60 Punkte).
Zwischen freiberuflichen Hebammen, angestellten Hebammen und Hebammen, die in
beiden Berufsformen tätig waren, wurde kein statistisch signifikanter
Unterschied beobachtet (P=0,12). Hebammen, die ausschließlich
(15,0%) oder teilweise (12,6%) angestellt tätig waren,
hatten häufiger ein sehr niedriges Wohlbefinden (≤25 Punkte) als
freiberufliche Hebammen (7,3%; P=0,023). Zudem hatten Hebammen,
die ausschließlich (41,5%) oder teilweise (39,4%)
angestellt tätig waren, häufiger ein moderates oder hohes
Burnout-Risiko (≥50 Punkte) als freiberufliche Hebammen (20,6%;
P<0,001). Ein niedrigerer Gesundheitszustand, ein niedrigeres
Wohlbefinden oder ein höheres Burnout-Risiko gingen mit höherer
beruflicher Unzufriedenheit in einem oder mehreren Bereichen einher. In
multiplen Analysen war vor allem ein höheres Burnout-Risiko mit einer
höheren beruflichen Unzufriedenheit in verschiedenen Bereichen
verbunden.

Schlussfolgerungen Ein großer Teil der in unserer Studie
untersuchten Hebammen zeigte Symptome von Depression und/oder Burnout.
Der Gesundheitszustand von Hebammen scheint im Mittel über dem
Gesundheitszustand von Frauen aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung in
Deutschland zu liegen, das Wohlbefinden von Hebammen jedoch darunter. Wir
empfehlen weiter zu untersuchen, wie die Belastungen von Hebammen im Zuge der
Fortentwicklung der Versorgungsstrukturen in der Geburtshilfe verringert werden
können.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraosseous Ganglion in the Ankle
Region
Authors: Mei Zhengfeng , Lei Wentao , Huang Donghui , Ma Wei , Pan Guobiao , Ni Lingzhi , Han Zhiwei
Published: October 2022

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of intraosseous
ganglion cyst in the ankle region.

Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the diagnosis and
treatment of 18 patients with intraosseous ganglion in the ankle region from
January 2005 to March 2016. There were 11 males and 7 females, with an average
age of 40.4 years (22–74 years). Thirteen of these had mild intermittent
localized pain in the ankle and five were asymptomatic and fortuitously found on
images. According to the location of the intraosseous ganglion cyst, nine were
located in the distal end of tibia, seven were in the distal end of the fibula,
and two were in the talus. After curettage of intraosseous ganglion, 15 cases
were filled with autogenous iliac bone and 3 cases with artificial bone.

Results Fifteen cases were diagnosed with radiographs and CT scans, two
cases with MR images, and one case was confirmed by postoperative pathology. The
cyst contents were jelly-like material with sclerotic bone margins. The mean
size of the intraosseous ganglion cyst was 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 1 cm. Hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining of the tissue showed fibrous tissue, collagenous
fiber, mucoid, and a few fibroblasts. Eighteen cases were followed up for 11
months to 10 years, with an average of 5.4 years. No recurrence was found.
Sixteen patients were asymptomatic after surgery. Two cases of ankle pain
occurred at 1 year and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. According to the
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale, the
mean AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score improved from 78.2 ± 13.7 points preoperatively
to 97.3 ± 4.5 points at the final follow-up.

Conclusion For the intraosseous ganglion cyst in the ankle region, whether
there are clinical symptoms or not, the cyst should be curettaged and the cavity
should be filled with bone graft. The operation result is satisfactory.
Recent Advances on Radical-Mediated Cyanoalkylation/Cyanation using AIBN and Analogues as the Radical Sources
Authors: Zhou Han , Liu Yin-Ling , Tang Shi
Published: October 2022

AIBN (2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile) and analogues are readily available chemical reagents that are widely used as free-radical initiators of polymer chemistry. Importantly, AIBN and derivatives are also safe and efficient (alkyl)cyano sources for synthesizing cyano-containing scaffolds. In the past decades, synthetic strategies using AIBN and derivatives as radical sources have attracted increasing attention from the synthetic community. This review will provide a valuable tool for understanding the importance of AIBN and derivatives in the area of synthetic chemistry. In this context, we present a comprehensive review that guides readers through the developments in AIBN chemistry over the past five years from several aspects.

1 Introduction

2 Radical Addition onto Alkenes or Alkynes using AIBN as Cyanoalkyl Radical

3 Dehydrogenated, decarboxylated cyano-alkylation by using AIBN and analogues

4 Synthesis of Ketone and its Derivatives with AIBN and Analogues as Carbonyl Source

5 Construction of Multi-ring Skeletons in the Presence of AIBN and Analogues

6 Direct Application as Cyano (CN) Source in Cyanation Reactions

7 Conclusions
Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Health Care-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in North India
Authors: Verma Sheetal , Kalyan Raj Kumar , Gupta Prashant , Khan Mohd Danish , Venkatesh Vimala
Published: October 2022

Background Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) caused by gram-negative pathogens have emerged as a global concern. So far, little is known about the epidemiology of extended-spectrum β lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in HAUTIs in India. The study was carried to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and ESBL-producing genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from HAUTIs in a tertiary institute in North India.

Methods A total of 200 consecutive, nonduplicate clinical isolates of E. coli and 140 isolates of K. pneumoniae from hospitalized patients with UTI were collected during a period of 1 year. Strains were studied for the presence of ESBL genes (blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M9, blaCTX-M15, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaVEB, blaPER-2, and blaGES) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using gene-specific primers.

Results ESBL was detected in 82.5% (165 out of 200) isolates of E. coli and 74.3% (104 out of 140) isolates of K. pneumoniae by phenotypic confirmatory testing. From 269 phenotypically positive ESBL isolates, blaTEM (49.4%) was the most common genotype followed by blaCTX-M1 (31.97%), blaOXA-1 (30.1%), and blaSHV(11.9%) either alone or in combination. In the present study, blaCTX-M-15 (84.89%) was the most common blaCTX-M1-type ESBL. In total, 2.6 and 5.2% of the isolates were positive for PER-2 and VEB genes, respectively.

Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on ESBL resistance patterns and ESBL-producing genes in HAUTIs in North India. Our study reports high occurrence with ESBL types CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, TEM, and SHV. Minor ESBL variants OXA-1, VEB-type, and PER-2-type β-lactamase are also emerging in HAUTIs infections in North India.
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: Evaluation, Management, and Interventions
Authors: Kaufman Claire S.
Published: October 2022

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a dreaded, highly morbid pathology. Often this is due to acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. This can be from thrombus or embolism; however, AMI can also be the result of mesenteric venous thrombus or nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. There have been many recent advances in diagnosis and treatment including endovascular therapies. While there is increasing data to support an endovascular first approach, with improved 30-day mortality rates and in-hospital mortality, many patients will still require surgical intervention at some point. This article will review AMI for the interventional radiologist including etiologies, diagnosis, and management.