bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of highly ordered hBN in presence of group I/IIA carbonates by solid state reaction
Authors: Öz Muhammed , Saritekın Namık Kemal , Bozkurt Çetin , Yildirim Gürcan
Published: June 2016

This comprehensive study declares experimentally the effects of IA/IIA metal carbonates on the formation of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with the aid of the available experimental methods as regards Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). hBN is synthesized in the existence of the metal carbonates at the low temperature by modified O'Connor method. The experimental findings of FT‐IR and XRD investigations show that the addition of metal carbonates affects considerably the crystallization of hBN powder during the synthesis process. The presence of the high concentration level of the additions improves harshly the crystallinity. In this respect, the graphitization index deduced from the XRD patterns reduces with the enhancement in the amount of the dopant content. At the same time, the differentiation between the products is analyzed by the SEM surveys. According to the results, the materials synthesized by the Li2CO3powder exhibit both the tubular form and rod‐like while the other samples prepared by the CaCO3chemical dopant display the homogeneous plates. Even, the TEM images confirm the nanowires and nanotubes structures such as multi‐walled cylindrical, bamboo nanotubes in all the materials studied in this work.
Size and morphology controlled synthesis of barium sulfate
Authors: Akyol Emel , Cedimagar Murat Alper
Published: June 2016

In this work submicron barium sulfate (BaSO4) particles were synthesized successfully by chemical precipitation technique. We focused on the effects of pH and additives on the size and morphology of BaSO4 crystals. Polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl sulfonic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were used as crystal growth modifiers. BaSO4 crystals were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared resonance techniques. The results show that the submicron BaSO4 particles have been synthesized successfully and the particle size of the barium sulfate was effectively controlled under the experimental conditions. Experimental studies revealed that the additive concentration and pH had great effect on the morphology and size of barium sulfate.
Large‐scale production of well‐dispersed submicro ZrB2 and ZrC powders
Authors: Bai Liuyang , Wang Yongwei , Chen Huayi , Yuan Fangli
Published: June 2016

ZrB2 and ZrC powders were synthesized via metallothermic reduction route using ZrO2, B/C, and Mg as raw materials. Low packing density of the green mixture and high heating temperature of the furnace are crucial for the formation of well‐dispersed submicro powders. Optimum reaction time helped achieve good crystallization and high purity. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, and particle size analyzer. Results showed that well‐dispersed ZrB2 powders with mean particle size of 0.534 μm and ZrC powders with mean particle size of 0.376 μm can be obtained. Oxygen content can be controlled lower than 1.0 wt%. The bench‐scale output is about 10 kg/d.
Synthesis of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 solid electrolyte by a proteic sol‐gel green method
Authors: Macedo Daniel A. , Dutra Ricardo P. S. , Nascimento Rubens M. , Sasaki José M. , Cesário Moisés R. , Rajesh Surendran , Figueiredo Filipe L. , Marques Fernando M. B.
Published: June 2016

The present study reports the synthesis of Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 solid electrolyte by a novel proteic sol‐gel method which uses gelatin as polymerizing agent. The as‐synthesized powder material was calcined at 700 °C for 2 h, with X‐ray diffraction revealing a single cubic phase with lattice parameter a = 0.5435 nm and theoretical density of 7.144 gcm‐3. The average crystallite size is 12 nm, as determined by the Scherrer equation. Impedance spectroscopy revealed a larger resistive contribution of the grain boundaries than that from grain bulk, which, due to its lower activation energy, tends to dominate the total conductivity above 650 °C. The total conductivity is in line with literature data for ceramics of the same composition prepared by various methods, thus confirming the potential of the proteic sol‐gel method as a green, low cost alternative synthetic route to prepare ceria‐based solid electrolytes.
Consider an ADA compliance audit
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2016

William D. Goren, Esq., of Decatur, Georgia, is a licensed attorney in Georgia, Texas, and Illinois. His practice focuses on understanding the Americans with Disabilities Act/Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and related laws and includes but is not limited to ADA compliance auditing, counseling, consulting, and training.
Conservation hotspots for marine turtle nesting in the United States based on coastal development
Authors: Fuentes Mariana M. P. B. , Gredzens Christian , Bateman Brooke L. , Boettcher Ruth , Ceriani Simona A. , Godfrey Matthew H. , Helmers David , Ingram Dianne K. , Kamrowski Ruth L. , Pate Michelle , Pressey Robert L. , Radeloff Volker C.
Published: June 2016

Coastal areas provide nesting habitat for marine turtles that is critical for the persistence of their populations. However, many coastal areas are highly affected by coastal development, which affects the reproductive success of marine turtles. Knowing the extent to which nesting areas are exposed to these threats is essential to guide management initiatives. This information is particularly important for coastal areas with both high nesting density and dense human development, a combination that is common in the United States. We assessed the extent to which nesting areas of the loggerhead (Caretta caretta), the green (Chelonia mydas), the Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii), and leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in the continental United States are exposed to coastal development and identified conservation hotspots that currently have high reproductive importance and either face high exposure to coastal development (needing intervention), or have low exposure to coastal development, and are good candidates for continued and future protection. Night‐time light, housing, and population density were used as proxies for coastal development and human disturbance. About 81.6% of nesting areas were exposed to housing and human population, and 97.8% were exposed to light pollution. Further, most (>65%) of the very high‐ and high‐density nesting areas for each species/subpopulation, except for the Kemp's ridley, were exposed to coastal development. Forty‐nine nesting sites were selected as conservation hotspots; of those high‐density nesting sites, 49% were sites with no/low exposure to coastal development and the other 51% were exposed to high‐density coastal development. Conservation strategies need to account for ~66.8% of all marine turtle nesting areas being on private land and for nesting sites being exposed to large numbers of seasonal residents.
Adult nutrition, but not inbreeding, affects male primary sexual traits in the leaf‐footed cactus bug Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Authors: Joseph Paul N. , Sasson Daniel A. , Allen Pablo E. , Somjee Ummat , Miller Christine W.
Published: June 2016

Adverse conditions may be the norm rather than the exception in natural populations. Many populations experience poor nutrition on a seasonal basis. Further, brief interludes of inbreeding can be common as population density fluctuates and because of habitat fragmentation. Here, we investigated the effects of poor nutrition and inbreeding on traits that can be very important to reproductive success and fitness in males: testes mass, sperm concentration, and sperm viability. Our study species was Narnia femorata, a species introduced to north‐central Florida in the 1950s. This species encounters regular, seasonal changes in diet that can have profound phenotypic effects on morphology and behavior. We generated inbred and outbred individuals through a single generation of full‐sibling mating or outcrossing, respectively. All juveniles were provided a natural, high‐quality diet of Opuntia humifusa cactus cladode with fruit until they reached adulthood. New adult males were put on a high‐ or low‐quality diet for at least 21 days before measurements were taken. As expected, the low‐quality diet led to significantly decreased testes mass in both inbred and outbred males, although there were surprisingly no detectable effects on sperm traits. We did not find evidence that inbreeding affected testes mass, sperm concentration, and sperm viability. Our results highlight the immediate and overwhelming effects of nutrition on testes mass, while suggesting that a single generation of inbreeding might not be detrimental for primary sexual traits in this particular population.
Assessment of a judgment‐based hydrogeomorphic wetland classification using long‐term hydrologic data
Authors: Cole C. A.
Published: June 2016

Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) wetland classifications are becoming increasingly common but lack substantial review of assumptions behind those classifications. In this paper, I compare an HGM classification of wetland sites developed by best professional judgment with a classification developed using long‐term hydrologic data over those same sites. Forty‐two wetlands, covering five HGM subclasses, were sampled for over a decade in central Pennsylvania. Using median depth to water as the metric, four groups were identified through cluster analysis (created, riparian depression/slope, and two combinations of headwater/mainstem floodplains). The groundwater‐fed sites (riparian depressions and toe‐of‐slopes) were clearly separated by their more consistent source of water, whereas other slopes and floodplain sites were less clearly defined. Long‐term assessment of hydrology generally supported an HGM classification scheme developed under less stringent conditions and produced by best professional judgment, but improvements in the assessment of drier sites are needed.
Millisecond Coulometry via Zeptoliter Droplet Collisions on an Ultramicroelectrode
Authors: Dick Jeffrey E. , Lebègue Estelle , Strawsine Lauren M. , Bard Allen J.
Published: June 2016

We show that discrete collisions of zeptoliter emulsion droplets on an ultramicroelectrode (UME) can be used as individual controlled potential coulometry experiments, lasting between 100 and 500 milliseconds. By loading a highly hydrophobic toluene droplet with a hydrophobic analyte of interest and knowing the volume of the droplet to a high degree of precision, Faraday's Law can be employed to calculate the number of electrons passed during the electrolysis. Monodisperse (±15 % of the average size) emulsion systems were created by ultrasonication followed by filtering through a 200 nm porous filter. Discrete droplet collision events were observed in the amperometric i‐t curve. Each of these collisions are interpreted as individual coulometry experiments, implying that several bulk electrolyses can be carried out over the course of one collision experiment. Herein, we show calculations of the electron stoichiometry for the ferrocene oxidation reaction, which agrees well with the expected value of 1 electron. We further extend the methodology to more complicated systems, such as the oxidation of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), tertiary aliphatic amines, such as tripropylamine (TPrA), and a 1,2‐diphenylhydrazine (DPH) molecule. This electroanalytical methodology allows for fast, nanoscale electrolysis in low dielectric media.
(1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate) Based Sensor for Quantification of Eugenol Antioxidant
Authors: Verma Alka , Jain Rajeev
Published: June 2016

A simple, ultrasensitive and convenient electrochemical method has been developed for quantification of antioxidant eugenol, at multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) ionic liquid (1‐Butyl 3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) glassy carbon based sensor. The electrochemical behavior of eugenol at the sensor was studied using square wave voltammetry as a function of concentration of eugenol. The voltammetric studies of eugenol at MWCNT‐IL‐Gel/GC sensor exhibited a well defined anodic peak for its oxidation in Britton‐Robinson buffer at pH 10.5.Under optimized experimental condition the square wave oxidation peak current was linear over concentration range of 250 nM L−1 to 4000 nM L−1 with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification of 87.6 nM L−1 and 292.2 nM L−1 respectively. The results indicate that the electrode coated with MWCNT‐IL‐Gel possess high sensitivity towards eugenol. Developed MWCNT‐IL‐Gel/GC sensor was successfully employed for the analysis of eugenol in real samples.
Multivariate density estimation for interval‐censored data with application to a forest fire modelling problem
Authors: Braun W. J. , Stafford J. E.
Published: June 2016

Local likelihood‐based density estimation methods are developed for multivariate interval‐censored data. An extension of the Nadaraya–Watson local regression estimator to the interval‐censored data context arises in a natural way. The conditional density estimation scheme is used to study the holdover distribution of lightning‐caused wildfire ignitions in Northern Ontario. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross‐border Insolvency and the Rule of Law
Authors: Deane Felicity , Mason Rosalind
Published: June 2016

The rule of law is a concept that was often considered in the context of national legal systems. However, it is now commonly being promoted as significant in the transnational context. This paper addresses its importance within the transnational economic and commercial context, in particular in response to cross‐border insolvencies. It examines how the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross‐border Insolvency and its Guide to Enactment and Interpretation promote key tenets of the rule of law in transnational disputes arising out of businesses in financial distress. In particular, some examples are provided of cases from the Asia‐Pacific region in which the Model Law has been applied to demonstrate how the rule of law may be promoted in an insolvency context. Finally, the paper concludes that the adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross‐border Insolvency promotes transparency, accountability and predictability, which in turn support stability in financial systems and credit relationships and thus trade within a global market. This is a direct result of adherence to elements of the rule of law principle. Copyright © 2016 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effects of therapeutic plasma exchange on early allograft dysfunction after liver transplantation
Authors: Choe Wonho , Kwon Seog‐Woon , Kim Sung‐Soo , Hwang Shin , Song Gi‐Won , Lee Sung‐Gyu
Published: June 2016

Background:

Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a serious complication of liver transplantation (LT) and is associated with graft failure, which can result in patient mortality. Due to the shortage of organs for retransplantation, only a small proportion of EAD patients undergo retransplantation. Thus, liver support is needed for most patients with EAD.

Methods:

We evaluated the effects of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in EAD patients. EAD was defined as a sustained hyperbilirubinemia (≥10 mg/dL) within 30 days of LT without concurrent biliary complications. In a 13‐year period, 107 EAD patients underwent TPE while 36 EAD patients did not. We investigated the laboratory and clinical outcomes of TPE and non‐TPE groups.

Results:

The TPE group showed 1‐month and 1‐year survival rates of 82.2% and 53.8%, respectively, whereas the non‐TPE group showed 58.3% and 22.2%, respectively. In TPE group, statistically significant decreases (P < 0.05) in total bilirubin (15.2 ± 5.2 to 13.1 ± 5.4 mg/dL), and INR (1.72 ± 1.04 to 1.38 ± 1.14), were seen after the final TPE session. TPE responder groups with age <51 years, total bilirubin <11.1 mg/dL, or INR <1.15 after final TPE showed better prognosis. TPE decreased the hazard risk of death in EAD patients whereas older age, male gender, and higher INR on the day of EAD onset increased the risk.

Conclusions:

TPE effectively removed plasma bilirubin and improved coagulation function in EAD patients, with higher survival in the TPE group than in the non‐TPE group. TPE may be an effective liver support for EAD patients. J. Clin. Apheresis 32:147–153, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pancreatic Endoderm‐Derived From Diabetic Patient‐Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generates Glucose‐Responsive Insulin‐Secreting Cells
Authors: Rajaei Bahareh , Shamsara Mehdi , Amirabad Leila Mohammadi , Massumi Mohammad , Sanati Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2016

Human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can potentially serve as an invaluable source for cell replacement therapy and allow the creation of patient‐ and disease‐specific stem cells without the controversial use of embryos and avoids any immunological incompatibility. The generation of insulin‐producing pancreatic β‐cells from pluripotent stem cells in vitro provides an unprecedented cell source for personal drug discovery and cell transplantation therapy in diabetes. A new five‐step protocol was introduced in this study, effectively induced hiPSCs to differentiate into glucose‐responsive insulin‐producing cells. This process mimics in vivo pancreatic organogenesis by directing cells through stages resembling definitive endoderm, primitive gut‐tube endoderm, posterior foregut, pancreatic endoderm, and endocrine precursor. Each stage of differentiation were characterized by stage‐specific markers. The produced cells exhibited many properties of functional β‐cells, including expression of critical β‐cells transcription factors, the potency to secrete C‐peptide in response to high levels of glucose and the presence of mature endocrine secretory granules. This high efficient differentiation protocol, established in this study, yielded 79.18% insulin‐secreting cells which were responsive to glucose five times higher than the basal level. These hiPSCs‐derived glucose‐responsive insulin‐secreting cells might provide a promising approach for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2616–2625, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Review of current understanding of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis resulting from sports injuries
Authors: Carbone Andrew , Rodeo Scott
Published: June 2016

Certain types of joint injuries, common in athletes, are known to have a high association with the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is especially debilitating due to its earlier onset than traditional OA, and its predisposition to affect a younger and more active population. Five common athletic injuries have been demonstrated to be risk factors for the development of OA. These include ACL rupture, meniscus tear, glenohumeral instability, patellar dislocation, and ankle instability. Though the mechanisms responsible for the development of PTOA are not entirely clear, certain kinematic, biologic, and mechanical factors have been implicated. In addition, there has been an increased emphasis on development of new methods to detect early OA changes in patients with known risk factors, as early intervention may prevent the development of end‐stage OA. New imaging modalities as well as the identification of specific biomarkers may allow earlier detection. Though these developments hold promise, it is not entirely known what steps we can take today to prevent the future development of OA, even with early detection. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:397–405, 2017.
Voltage‐programming‐based capillary gel electrophoresis for the fast detection of angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with high sensitivity
Authors: Woo Nain , Kim Su‐Kang , Kang Seong Ho
Published: June 2016

A voltage‐programming‐based capillary gel electrophoresis method with a laser‐induced fluorescence detector was developed for the fast and highly sensitive detection of DNA molecules related to angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, which has been reported to influence predisposition to various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, and Alzheimer's disease. Various voltage programs were investigated for fast detection of specific DNA molecules of angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism as a function of migration time and separation efficiency to establish the effect of voltage strength to resolution. Finally, the amplified products of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism (190 and 490 bp DNA) were analyzed in 3.2 min without losing resolution under optimum voltage programming conditions, which were at least 75 times faster than conventional slab gel electrophoresis. In addition, the capillary gel electrophoresis method also successfully applied to the analysis of real human blood samples, although no polymorphism genes were detected by slab gel electrophoresis. Consequently, the developed voltage‐programming capillary gel electrophoresis method with laser‐induced fluorescence detection is an effective, rapid analysis technique for highly sensitive detection of disease‐related specific DNA molecules.
A Unique Double Percolated Polymer Composite for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Jia Li‐Chuan , Yan Ding‐Xiang , Cui Cheng‐Hua , Ji Xu , Li Zhong‐Ming
Published: June 2016

This study has developed a carbon nanotube (CNT)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite with a unique double percolated conductive structure, in which only 20 wt% of CNT enriched EVA is needed to form a continuous conductive network. Compared with conventional double percolated conductive polymer composites (CPCs) which require filler‐enriched polymer content up to 50 wt%, the low CNT/EVA content gives rise to an unprecedentedly increased effective CNT concentration in the CNT/EVA/UHMWPE composite. The double percolated composite exhibits electrical conductivity comparable to that obtained in CNT‐loaded single EVA composite with five times of CNT content. Only 7.0 wt% CNT gives the composite an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 57.4 dB, much higher than that of mostly reported CNT and graphene based CPCs. Absorption is demonstrated to be the primary shielding mechanism due to the numerous interfaces between UHMWPE domains and CNT/EVA layers facilitating multiple reflection, scattering, and absorption of the incident microwaves. The construction of unique double percolated structure in this work provides a promising strategy for developing cost‐effective and high‐performance CPCs for use as efficient EMI shielding materials.

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ABCBA Pentablock Copolymers Consisting of Poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA: A), Poly(d‐lactide) (PDLA: B), and Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS: C): Effects of Semicrystalline PBS Segments on the Stereo‐Crystallinity and Properties
Authors: Lee Chan Woo , Na Chao , Kimura Yoshiharu , Masutani Kazunari
Published: June 2016

A new stereo pentablock copolymer consisting of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA: A), poly‐d‐lactide (PDLA: B), and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS: C) is synthesized by two‐step ring‐opening polymerization of d‐ and l‐lactides in the presence of bis‐hydroxyl‐terminated PBS prepolymer that has been prepared by the ordinary polycondensation. The pentablock copolymers (PLLA‐PDLA‐PBS‐PDLA‐PLLA) as well as the triblock copolymers (PLLA‐PBS‐PLLA) obtained as the intermediates show different properties depending on the polymer compositions. In the pentablock copolymers, the direct connection of the PLLA and PDLA blocks allows easy formation of the stereocomplex crystals, while the introduction of the semicrystalline PBS block is effective not only for changing the crystallization kinetics but also for imparting an elastomeric property.

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Connecting Linear Polymers Molecular Structure to Viscoelastic Properties and Melt Flow Index
Authors: Touloupidis Vasileios , Wurnitsch Christof , Albunia Alexandra , Galgali Girish
Published: June 2016

A modeling pathway and software tool for linking entangled linear polymer molecular properties to linear viscoelasticity and melt index (MI) values is presented. A reptation model links molecular properties to the flow curve, and then, an ANSYS Polyflow model calculates MI values based on the flow curve predicted. The method is thoroughly tested and validated for uni‐ and bimodal, low‐ and high‐density polyethylene grades. An overall accuracy level in the range of 90% on average is exhibited, considering both model prediction steps: (i) molecular weight distribution to flow curve and (ii) flow curve to MI.

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Quasi‐subdifferential operator approach to elliptic variational and quasi‐variational inequalities
Authors: Kubo M. , Murase Y.
Published: June 2016

We prove an existence theorem for an abstract operator equation associated with a quasi‐subdifferential operator and then apply it to concrete elliptic variational and quasi‐variational inequalities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Periodic solutions of Weyl fractional order integral systems†
Authors: Wang JinRong , Chen Qian , Zhu Chun
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we show the existence and uniqueness results for periodic solutions of Weyl fractional order integral systems. A numerical example is given to illustrate our theoretical results. Our results show that periodic orbits can be obtained by putting the periodic conditions to some certain fractional order integral systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finding exact solutions of nonlinear PDEs using the natural decomposition method
Authors: Rawashdeh Mahmoud , Maitama Shehu
Published: June 2016

In this work, we implement the natural decomposition method (NDM) to solve nonlinear partial differential equations. We apply the NDM to obtain exact solutions for three applications of nonlinear partial differential equations. The new method is a combination of the natural transform method and the Adomian decomposition method. We prove some of the properties that are related to the natural transform method. The results are compared with existing solutions obtained by other methods, and one can conclude that the NDM is easy to use and efficient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large time behavior for the non‐isentropic Navier–Stokes–Maxwell system
Authors: Liu Qingqing , Su Yifan
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we are concerned with the system of the non‐isentropic compressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the Maxwell equations through the Lorentz force in three space dimensions. The global existence of solutions near constant steady states is established, and the time‐decay rates of perturbed solutions are obtained. The proof for existence is due to the classical energy method, and the investigation of large‐time behavior is based on the linearized analysis of the non‐isentropic Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations and the electromagnetic part for the linearized isentropic Navier–Stokes–Maxwell equations. In the meantime, the time‐decay rates obtained by Zhang, Li, and Zhu [J. Differential Equations, 250(2011), 866‐891] for the linearized non‐isentropic Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations are improved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increase services, program offerings to boost enrollment, find new students
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2016

Utah Valley University, the largest public university in Utah, has undergone six name changes during the 75 years since it was founded. UVU has been reclassified from its original status as a community college to a state college to, in 2008, a university. These reclassifications have brought both marketing challenges and opportunities. The university continues to offer the services of a community college. And officials have expanded offerings for adult learners. UVU, which is in the process of adding five new master's programs to its three current master's degrees, also offers extensive certification and noncredit courses. Mike Walker, assistant director of professional education, described enrollment strategies and initiatives UVU has undertaken to boost offerings for adult students. Consider whether UVU's approaches would work at your institution.
Boost retention with support for student‐veterans with disabilities
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2016

The student population at Brandman University is 25 percent military or veteran. And 81.4 percent of student‐veterans are retained through graduation, said Loren O'Connor, Ph.D., assistant vice chancellor, Office of Accessible Education and Counseling Services. Many students have been so pleased with the institution as they earned their bachelor's degree that they stayed for their master's degree, he added.
Build, grow, cultivate effective work groups
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2016

ST. PETERSBURG BEACH, FLA. — To successfully manage your adult learner unit in a changing environment, you'll need to cultivate high‐functioning work teams that communicate a shared vision.
Prepare students for the future with education about diversity
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2016

By the year 2050, the population of the United States will be less than 50 percent white. Our graduates will work in a very diverse world, said Tom Loper, Ed.D., associate provost and dean of the School of Science and Management at Bay Path University.
Toward ab initio potential energy surface for paclitaxel: a baccatin III conformational study
Authors: Janicki Maciej , Lozynski Marek
Published: June 2016

The ab initio conformational energy profile of baccatin III, the diterpene part of paclitaxel, a natural, taxoid anticancer agent, has been investigated using medium‐size basis sets including an electron correlation method (MP2/DFT). By exploiting the internal coordinates using random search methods, 39 conformers of baccatin III were found. The most stable conformer, competing with its 13‐C rotamers, was shown to have three intramolecular hydrogen bonds of 1, 7 and 13 hydroxyls to the carbonyl oxygen atoms of 2‐benzoate and 10‐ and 4‐acetate ester groups, respectively. The results of the polarizable continuum model (PCM) used to account for the dielectric effect of the environment show that in water, the delicate balances between intramolecular hydrogen bridges and general conformational preferences are conserved, at least in the absence of explicit solvent molecules. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What are the differences between Hantzsch ester and H2 as two‐hydrogen‐atom donors in acetonitrile on the thermodynamics of elementary steps?
Authors: Yuan Lin , Shen Guang‐Bin , Fu Yan‐Hua , Zhu Xiao‐Qing
Published: June 2016

Thermodynamic driving forces of eight possible elementary steps for Hantzsch ester and six possible elementary steps for H2 to release two hydrogen atoms (2H•) or ions (H− and H+) in acetonitrile were examined using experimental method or the available related thermodynamic data for the first time, which can facilitate chemists to choose a suitable reducing agent between Hantzsch ester and H2 to reduce a given organic unsaturated compound in acetonitrile and make a rational diagnosis on the detailed reaction mechanisms. The focus of this paper is to compare the differences between Hantzsch ester and H2 to release two hydrogen atoms (or ions) on the thermodynamics of elementary steps in acetonitrile. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Links between personality, time perspective, and intention to practice physical activity during cancer treatment: an exploratory study
Authors: Villaron Charlène , Marqueste Tanguy , Eisinger François , Cappiello Maria‐Antonietta , Therme Pierre , Cury François
Published: June 2016

Objective

The purpose of the study was to analyze links between personality, time perspective, and intention to practice physical activity during cancer treatment.

Method

One hundred forty‐three patients participated in survey by questionnaire. Intention to practice physical activity, time perspective using Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and personality with the Big Five Inventory were measured. Structural equation models using Lisrel were developed to examine hypothetical links between the variables.

Results

The adjusted model evidenced an excellent fit (comparative fit index = 0.92; root‐mean‐square error of approximation = 0.076; P = .014). Results showed that intention to practice exercise was positively linked with openness to experience and negatively with present fatalist time perspective. Moreover, conscientiousness and neuroticism were found to be linked with future time perspective, which was positively related with intention to practice physical activity.

Conclusion

The present exploratory study with patients suffering from cancer underlined the importance of considering jointly time perspective dimensions and personality factors for health behavior recommendations. Based on our results, we propose some reflections on practice to help nurses and physicians increase patient's motivation to be physically active. Taking into account patients' personality and time perspective, we would be able to propose specific awareness messages and offer short interventions to have an impact on patients' motivation to practice.
Unraveling the pharmacokinetic interaction of ticagrelor and MEDI2452 (Ticagrelor antidote) by mathematical modeling
Authors: Almquist J , Penney M , Pehrsson S , Sandinge A‐S , Janefeldt A , Maqbool S , Madalli S , Goodman J , Nylander S , Gennemark P
Published: June 2016

The investigational ticagrelor‐neutralizing antibody fragment, MEDI2452, is developed to rapidly and specifically reverse the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor. However, the dynamic interaction of ticagrelor, the ticagrelor active metabolite (TAM), and MEDI2452, makes pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis nontrivial and mathematical modeling becomes essential to unravel the complex behavior of this system. We propose a mechanistic PK model, including a special observation model for post‐sampling equilibration, which is validated and refined using mouse in vivo data from four studies of combined ticagrelor‐MEDI2452 treatment. Model predictions of free ticagrelor and TAM plasma concentrations are subsequently used to drive a pharmacodynamic (PD) model that successfully describes platelet aggregation data. Furthermore, the model indicates that MEDI2452‐bound ticagrelor is primarily eliminated together with MEDI2452 in the kidneys, and not recycled to the plasma, thereby providing a possible scenario for the extrapolation to humans. We anticipate the modeling work to improve PK and PD understanding, experimental design, and translational confidence.
Stress‐dislocation management in MOVPE of GaN on SiC wafers
Authors: Rudinsky M. E. , Yakovlev E. V. , Lundin W. V. , Sakharov A. V. , Zavarin E. E. , Tsatsulnikov A. F. , Velikovskiy L. E.
Published: June 2016

A combined experimental and modeling study of stress and curvature evolution during (0001) GaN growth on (0001) 4H‐SiC wafers is presented. It is shown that the GaN layers are under the compressive stress, whose magnitude depends on the composition of the AlGaN buffer that is used to accommodate the epitaxial strain between GaN and SiC. Processing of in situ curvature measurements suggests fast relaxation of the mismatch stress in GaN when the Al content is increased. At that, nucleation of new dislocations is possible, but the dislocation density decreases rapidly over a narrow part of the GaN layer due to large inclination and annihilation of the threading dislocations. Eventually, correlations between the curvature/stress/dislocation evolution and AlGaN buffer composition can be established and optimal strategy for the growth of crack‐free structures can be suggested.
Surface‐enhanced infrared spectroscopy on boron‐doped diamond modified with gold nanoparticles for spectroelectrochemical analysis
Authors: Izquierdo Javier , Mizaikoff Boris , Kranz Christine
Published: June 2016

Boron‐doped diamond (BDD) has gained increasing importance as transparent electrode material in spectroelectrochemistry due to its broad spectral window ranging from the near UV to the far‐infrared regime. However, spectroelectrochemistry in the mid infrared (IR) region may suffer from low signal intensity in particular if experiments are conducted with a single bounce attenuated total reflection (ATR) crystal. Here we report surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) IR‐ATR measurements in combination with electrochemical studies. The electrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles was characterized in situ via the absorption changes of water molecules, which progressively increased as a result of the SEIRA effect induced by the deposited Au nanoparticles at the ATR crystal surface. The surface morphology and coverage was examined with AFM. The application of the enhanced IR‐ATR measurements was illustrated with KSCN.
Hyperbaric oxygen brain injury treatment (HOBIT) trial: a multifactor design with response adaptive randomization and longitudinal modeling
Authors: Gajewski Byron J. , Berry Scott M. , Barsan William G. , Silbergleit Robert , Meurer William J. , Martin Renee , Rockswold Gaylan L.
Published: June 2016

The goals of phase II clinical trials are to gain important information about the performance of novel treatments and decide whether to conduct a larger phase III trial. This can be complicated in cases when the phase II trial objective is to identify a novel treatment having several factors. Such multifactor treatment scenarios can be explored using fixed sample size trials. However, the alternative design could be response adaptive randomization with interim analyses and additionally, longitudinal modeling whereby more data could be used in the estimation process. This combined approach allows a quicker and more responsive adaptation to early estimates of later endpoints. Such alternative clinical trial designs are potentially more powerful, faster, and smaller than fixed randomized designs. Such designs are particularly challenging, however, because phase II trials tend to be smaller than subsequent confirmatory phase III trials. The phase II trial may need to explore a large number of treatment variations to ensure that the efficacy of optimal clinical conditions is not overlooked. Adaptive trial designs need to be carefully evaluated to understand how they will perform and to take full advantage of their potential benefits. This manuscript discusses a Bayesian response adaptive randomization design with a longitudinal model that uses a multifactor approach for predicting phase III study success via the phase II data. The approach is based on an actual clinical trial design for the hyperbaric oxygen brain injury treatment trial. Specific details of the thought process and the models informing the trial design are provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival trial design and monitoring using historical controls
Authors: Wu Jianrong , Xiong Xiaoping
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we propose a multistage group sequential procedure to design survival trials using historical controls. The formula for the number of events required for historical control trial designs is derived. Furthermore, a transformed information time is proposed for trial monitoring. An example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed methods to survival trial designs using historical controls. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The computation of reference state and APE production by diabatic processes in an idealized tropical cyclone
Authors: Wong K. C. , Tailleux Rémi , Gray Suzanne L.
Published: June 2016

This study investigates the energetics of tropical cyclone intensification using the Available Potential Energy (APE) theory. While the idea is now well accepted that tropical cyclones (TCs) intensify as the result of the conversion into kinetic energy of the APE generated by the release of latent heat extracted from the warm tropical ocean surface, its rigorous theoretical formalization has remained elusive owing to the complexity of constructing a suitable reference state for defining and quantifying APE in a moist atmosphere. Yet the construction of such a reference state is a key fundamental issue, because the magnitude of the APE reservoir and of its temporal evolution, as well as the values of the thermodynamic efficiencies controlling the rate at which diabatic processes generate or destroy APE, depend on its specification. This issue is illustrated in the idealized context of an axisymmetric TC model by comparing the energetics of TC intensification obtained by using two different sorting‐based approaches to compute the reference state defining APE. It is found that the thermodynamic efficiency controlling the APE generation by surface latent heat fluxes is larger when the reference state is constructed using a ‘top‐down’ sorting method, as the APE thus defined absorbs all the CAPE present in the system. However, because a large fraction of the overall CAPE is never released during the TC's lifetime (e.g. in regions dominated by subsidence), there is a better agreement between the production of APE by surface fluxes and its subsequent conversion into kinetic energy when a ‘bottom‐up’ reference state is used. These results suggest that, contrary to what is usually assumed, the reference state in APE theory should be constructed to minimize, rather than maximize, the total APE, so that the introduction of dynamically inert APE is minimized.
Role of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in pulmonary fibrosis following pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Sha Joy , Langton David
Published: June 2016

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare diffuse lung disease characterized by accumulation of lipoproteinacious material in alveoli, with distinct features on high resolution computed tomography and biopsy. Its association with pulmonary fibrosis is infrequently encountered, and a clear understanding of the underlying pathogenesis is yet to be established. We report the case of a 48‐year‐old woman with known autoimmune PAP (aPAP) first diagnosed 20 years ago, who presented with worsening hypoxemia and radiological features consistent with pulmonary fibrosis, after many years of stable disease. We present a review of previously considered mechanisms of causation behind such changes, and in particular, postulate the role of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor deficiency in pulmonary fibrosis seen in aPAP.
Exercise‐induced endobronchial hemorrhage: a rare clinical presentation
Authors: Kruavit Anuk , Jain Mukesh , Fielding David , Heraganahally Subash
Published: June 2016

The phenomenon of exercise‐induced hemoptysis is still relatively underrecognised in humans. We report a case of recurrent hemoptysis brought on by vigorous exercise. A 33‐year‐old male presented with several episodes of intermittent fresh small‐volume hemoptysis reproducible on vigorous exercise. There was no other significant medical history other than a past history of testicular tumor, treated with orchidectomy and adjuvant Bleomycin‐based chemotherapy 1 year prior to onset of symptoms. Computed tomography scan showed no major abnormalities other than few small bilateral non‐specific nodules. Computed tomography aortogram and pulmonary angiogram, ventilation/perfusion scan, and echocardiography yielded no significant abnormalities. Infectious, autoimmune disease, coagulopathy, vasculitis, and malignant causes were excluded. Bronchoscopy showed possible endobronchial bleeding. This phenomenon is thought to be due to vulnerability of pulmonary capillaries to stress or mechanical failure during strenuous exercise at high cardiorespiratory workload.
PM2.5 forecasting with hybrid LSE model‐based approach
Authors: Chen Yunliang , Li Fangyuan , Deng Ze , Chen Xiaodao , He Jijun
Published: June 2016

PM2.5 time series have the features of non‐stationary and nonlinear. Existing forecasting methods for PM2.5 cannot achieve high accuracy for they have ignored the potential characteristics of PM2.5 time series. Aiming at this problem, a hybrid approach using local mean decomposition and Support Vector Regression (SVR)‐Elman (LSE) is firstly proposed in this paper to analyse 5days ahead PM2.5 concentrations for forecasting in Wuhan, China: (1) the meaningful PF1‐PF5 components are extracted from original PM2.5 time series by local mean decomposition; (2) the first high‐frequency product function is managed by using the SVR model, such that the relationship between PM2.5 and other air quality data can be revealed accurately; (3) the other components are trained by Elman model with the sliding window method. Experimental results show that, compared with multiple linear regression, autoregressive integrated moving average, BP neural network, and SVR models, the proposed hybrid LSE model‐based approach exhibits the best performance in terms of R2, MAE, MAPE, RMSE, while it is applied for forecasting in real datasets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a learning progression for sea level rise, a major impact of climate change
Authors: Breslyn Wayne , McGinnis J. Randy , McDonald R. Christopher , Hestness Emily
Published: June 2016

We present research from an investigation on developing a learning progression (LP) for sea level rise (SLR), a major effect of global climate change. We began our research by drafting a hypothetical LP for sea level rise, informed by extant knowledge of the topic in the scientific community, in science education literature, and in science education policy documents such as the Next Generation Science Standards. Causes and mechanisms, scale and representations, and impacts made up the three components of the LP. Our confidence in our hypothetical LP was greater for the lower and upper anchors than for the levels between them. For all levels, however, we remained tentative due to the limitation of empirical data from learners. We next developed an assessment instrument as well as an online activity as a way to elicit learners’ thinking about sea level rise. These instruments were administered to middle school students (N = 95) and undergraduate pre‐service teachers (N = 77). An analysis of the data suggested that our hypothetical LP for sea level rise was a necessary first step, but it underscored the necessity of probing learners’ thinking of the construct to develop a robust understanding of learners’ conceptual understanding overtime of SLR. The assessment data provided essential information about learner understanding of the construct of sea level rise that assisted us in moving our SLR LP from a hypothetical state to a more stable state, which we term as “conditional.” The development of a conditional SLR LP, along with the accompanying assessment instruments, contributes to research and thinking about learning progressions and climate change education. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 1471–1499, 2016
Save time and money by implementing secure electronic transcript requests
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2016

PHOENIX — Moving transcript requests from paper forms to an electronic format can improve the transcript fulfillment experience for your staff members and your students. With electronic ordering, you can provide quick turnaround and 24‐hour access to transcript ordering. But making the change can seem like a daunting task for any office.
Cover Image, Volume 5, Issue 4
Authors: Talbot Jared , Maves Lisa
Published: June 2016

The cover image, by Lisa Maves and Jared Talbot, is based on the Focus Article Skeletal muscle fiber type: using insights from muscle developmental biology to dissect targets for susceptibility and resistance to muscle disease, DOI: 10.1002/wdev.230.

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