bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic factors and suicidal behavior among the patients with psychiatric disorder attending outpatient department of a tertiary level hospital
Authors: Parveen Shahana , Bhowmik Avro Das , Sarkar Mekhala , Alam Mohammad Tariqul , Akteruzzaman Mohammad , Acharjee Panchanan
Published: April 2021

The majority of suicides worldwide are related to psychiatric disorders. Overall, suicide rates vary concerning the age, gender, and socioeconomic status of the individual and the method of suicide. The objectives of the study were to find the socio-demographic factors and suicidal behavior associated with suicidal attempts in patients with psychiatric disorders. A cross-sectional, hospital-based, descriptive study was conducted among the patients attending the psychiatry outpatient departments (OPD) of the National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 98 consecutive cases were included those who were at and above18year, have a definite psychiatric disorder and history of suicidal attempt. The data were collected by face-to face interview using semi structured questionnaire. The study identified that most of the patients were in the age group 21-30 years (53.1%), mean age± SD was 27.02±8.42, more in female (66.2%), housewives (35.7%), 57.1% were from an urban background and 35.7% of them studied up to SSC. The vast majority (73.5%) came from a nuclear family. Suicidal behavior revealed that mean suicidal attempt was 2.63±2.84, Communication intent was 20.4%, Suicidal note was put by10.2%, at home (90.8%),59.2%, sample choose day time and common method were hanging (25.5%) and medicine (22.4%). Help nearby in 72.4%, precaution against rescue was 18.4%, intent to die was 65.3% and hospitalization needed for 34.7% cases. Suicides can be prevented by early identification, diagnosis and proper intervention of psychiatric disorder among risk groups. Restricting access to means of suicide, by training caregivers, provide adequate follow-up care may reduce impulsive suicidal attempts.

Bang J Psychiatry June 2018; 32(1): 14-18
A case of factitious disorder presenting with hematohidrosis: a rare case report
Authors: Hossain Rubina , Afroz Nadia , Sarkar Mekhala , Alam Mohammad Tariqul
Published: April 2021

Factitious disorder is described as the patient’s intention to produce fake symptoms to play a sick role and gain medical attention.1 The symptoms could be physical, psychological or mixed. The wide spectrum of symptoms makes the diagnosis and management challenging. This is a case report of a 17 year old girl who was referred to us with history of recurrent bleeding from left side of her forehead. Detailed hematological investigations revealed no abnormal causes of bleeding but on clinical examination, we found multiple scar marks on the affected site. The history was suggestive of hematohidrosis but the patient had scar marks on the affected area which indicated that the bleeding was self-inflicted. This was the most important diagnostic and differentiating point in this patient. Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy were followed by complete remission.

Bang J Psychiatry June 2018; 32(1): 19-21
Parenting style in a schizophrenic patient: a case report
Authors: Arifuzzaman Mohammad , Acharjee Panchanan
Published: April 2021

Both genetic and environmental factors including parenting style are responsible for the causation of schizophrenia. A young adult developed delusion regarding alien as well as some characters of the computer games he used to play. Later he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. There was evidence of intrafamilial conflict with lack of good relationship with father. His introverted nature, lack of social interactions and some irrelevant behavior were found as being reinforced by her mother. There may be an association of schizophrenia with parenting style which may be modifiable.

Bang J Psychiatry June 2018; 32(1): 22-23
A Comparative Study of Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha and Alvarado Scores to Diagnose Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Pachya Uttam , Shrestha Sita Ram , Pokharel Yagya Raj , Thapa Ambika
Published: April 2021

Background: Acute Appendicitis is a clinical diagnosis with atypical presentation in young, elderly, females, genitourinary and gynecological conditions. Delayed appendectomy increases the risk of appendicular perforation, sepsis morbidity and mortality. Literature reports as high as 20-40% negative appendectomy. Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha score has come with higher sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy than Alvarado score in Asian population. This study aims to compare RIPASA and Alvarado score for diagnostic accuracy.Methods: Appendectomy patients at Patan Hospital from April to September 2014 were compared on raja isteri pengiran anak saleha (cut-off value 7.5 out of 15) and Alvarado score (cut-off value 7 out of 10). Final diagnosis was histopathology based. Microsoft Excel and SPSS 17 were used for analysing sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of both scores. The study included patients who underwent appendectomy with histopathology report and excluded those with conservative management, generalized peritonitis, appendicular lump and abscess.Results: There were 88 appendectomy patients with median age 26 (18.25, 35) years, and male 52 (59.1%). Negative appendectomy was 10 (11.36%). Sensitivity and specificity of Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha 98.71% and 80.00% respectively, and for Alvarado 52.56% and 70%.The Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha score had statistically significant sensitivity (p=0.000). Positive Predictive value, Negative Predictive Value and diagnostic accuracy were 97.46%, 88.89% and 96.6% for RIPASA and 93.18%, 15.19% and 54.4% for Alvarado respectively.Conclusions: The Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha score had better diagnostic accuracy compared to Alvarado score for diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis.Keywords: Acute appendicitis; alvarado score; RIPASA score
Domestic and Family Violence and its Association with Mental Health Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in a Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Diksha , Anderson Debra , Saito Amornrat , Baird Kathleen
Published: April 2021

Background: Pregnancy has been identified as a vulnerable period for both the initiation and escalation in severity of domestic and family violence. There is a significant dearth of scholarly literature documenting the relationship of domestic and family violence with the mental health and quality of life among pregnant women of Nepal.Methods: Baseline data of 140 women enrolled in a trial of a psychosocial intervention for abused pregnant women were analysed. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using standardised scales. Prevalence of domestic and family violence and mental health conditions were estimated and inferential statistics were used to assess the association of domestic and family violence with mental health, quality of life, social support, and use of safety behaviours.Results: The lifetime prevalence of domestic and family violence was found to be 27.7% (n = 173), followed by 17.1% of women (n = 107) fearing someone in their family. Domestic and family violence in the last 12 months was significantly associated with anxiety (p = 0.001), depression (p = 0.005), quality of life (p < 0.05), and perceived social support (p = 0.001). Use of safety behaviours (p = 0.037) was significantly low among women reporting domestic and family violence in the past year as well as during the current pregnancy (p = 0.017).Conclusions: There exists a high psychological morbidity among pregnant women exposed to domestic and family violence. The findings support the need of implementing a screening and support intervention for abused women seeking antenatal services. Keywords: Association; domestic violence; mental health; observational study; prevalence
”Pohjoisen teksti” – kirjallisuudentutkimus kansallisen eetoksen rakentajana?
Authors: Rosenholm Arja , Trubina Elena
Published: April 2021

Artikkeli käsittelee venäläisten kirjallisuuden- ja kulttuurintutkijoiden 2000-luvulla kehittämää ”pohjoisen tekstin” (Severnyj tekst) kulttuurista konseptia. Aineistona ovat artikkelikokoelmat (2014–2017), joissa erityisesti Arkangelin Pohjoisen (arktisen) federaatioyliopiston tutkijat esittelevät pohjoisen tekstin konseptia ja sen soveltamista kaunokirjallisuuteen. Artikkeli tarkastelee konseptia geopoetiikan ja geokulttuurin näkökulmista ja kysyy, mikä on kirjallisuudentutkimuksen rooli alueellisen identiteetin luomisessa ja kansakuntaa rakentavien ideologisten merkitysten synnyttämisessä. Kulttuurisemioottinen konsepti yhdistää kielen, kirjallisuuden, filosofian ja tilan tutkimuksen. Kyse on pohjoista kartoittavasta metatekstistä (sverhtekst), joka esittää pohjoisen alueen ”sakraalin maantieteen” mytopoeettisena tilana ja jonka retoriikka luodessaan kansallista ja etnistä yhtenäisyyttä sulauttaa toisiinsa alueellisia ja valtion rajoja.

The “Northern Text” – literary studies creating a national ethos?

Regional narratives are actively examined in area studies and Slavic studies, but it is less-known how artistic renderings of spatial belonging and regional identity become included in current state ideologies. Drawing on cultural semiotics, geopoetics and geoculture, we highlight how the concept of the Northern text is applied to the text corpus of Russian literature on the North. Having examined the collections of articles published by Russian scholars based in Arkhangelsk in Northwest Russia in 2014–2017, we show, first, that the concept of the Northern Text combines language, literature, philosophy and space-oriented research in cultural semiotics; second, that the image of the northern region has been read through “sacred geography”; and third, that the rhetoric of the concept creates national and ethnic unity in the nation by merging the borders of the region and the state.
Orta Öğretim Öğrencilerinin Dijital Okuryazarlık ve Bilgi Güvenliği Farkındalığı Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: TALAN Tarık , AKTÜRK Cemal
Published: April 2021

Dijital teknolojilerin gelişmesiyle, insanların bilişim teknolojilerine erişimlerinin artmasına paralel olarak siber suç ve tehditler de artmıştır. Dijital yerli olarak dünyaya gelen Z kuşağı, dijital teknolojileri öğretmenlerinden ve ebeveynlerinden daha fazla kullanmakta ancak bu konuda karşılaşabileceği riskler ve olumsuzluklar konusunda aynı şansa sahip olmamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada, TRC1 bölgesindeki Gaziantep ve Kilis illerinde yaşayan lise öğrencilerinin dijital okuryazarlık ve bilgi güvenliği farkındalık seviyeleri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin yaşadıkları şehir, cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyine göre bilgi güvenliği farkındalıkları detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin dijital okuryazarlık seviyeleri ile bilgi güvenliği farkındalıkları arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca erkek öğrencilerin kadın öğrencilerden bilgi güvenliği farkındalığı konusunda daha yüksek seviyede olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Reflective Tools in an English Language Teaching Context: Contributions, Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: TUNCER Hülya , ÖZKAN Yonca
Published: April 2021

Learning and teaching are the essential inseparable components of any educational contexts, both of which can be facilitated by the utilization of reflective tools. Such tools enhance learners' reflective thinking skills which constitutes a solid base for constructivist learning settings. Constructivist language learning environments require teachers and learners to reflect on classroom dynamics utilizing appropriate tools. There are numerous reflective teaching tools to encourage the learners to learn more, research more, and be more open and curious about learning elements. Once these tools are utilized at an optimum level, the educational settings would yield fruitful and constructive outputs. From a constructivist stance, this study reviews four reflective tools -diaries, videos, portfolios/e-portfolios, and blogs- concerning ELT and language teacher education. This study involves a descriptive and comprehensive look by highlighting each reflective tool's impact on the partakers of the targeted educational settings. The study also presents some guidelines on how to utilize and integrate those reflective tools in ELT contexts.
A Model for Academics' Perceptions of Organizational Structure, Individual Performance and Turnover Intention
Authors: ZİNCİRLİ Muhammed , TURHAN Muhammed
Published: April 2021

The study aims to develop a model for the relationship between the current organizational structure, along with some variables, in universities, which are an educational organization, and the perceptions of academics' individual performance and turnover intention. While the population of research is composed of all universities carrying out educational activities in Turkey, the sample of research consists of a total of 37 universities selected by quota sampling method by taking into account certain criteria. Analyses were performed on the data obtained from a total of 1242 academics working at these universities. Following the analyses, it was determined that there was a positive interaction between the enabling organizational structure and the academics' perceptions of individual performance and other positive variables, and that a positive interaction existed between the coercive organizational structure and the academics' perceptions of the turnover intention and other negative variables. Moreover, it was found that the positive relationship of the coercive organizational structure with the turnover intention and other negative variables was stronger than the negative relationship of the enabling organizational structure. Based on these results, it was concluded that it is necessary, but not sufficient, to have an enabling organizational structure in order to increase the positive feelings, attitudes and behaviours of academics.
BİLSEM Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Oyun Temelli Öğretim Yöntemine Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: METE Gülşah
Published: April 2021

Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri (BİLSEM) Türkçe öğretmenlerinin oyun temelli öğretim yöntemi üzerine görüşlerinin değerlendirildiği bu araştırma nitel desende tasarlanmıştır. Görüşme tekniğinin kullanıldığı araştırmanın amacı, BİLSEM’lerde çalışan Türkçe öğretmenlerinin eğitsel oyunlara yönelik görüşlerini belirlemek ve bu görüşlerden hareketle Türkçe derslerinde eğitsel oyunun yeri ve derse katkısı ile ilgili değerlendirme yapmaktır. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak eğitsel oyunları derslerinde kullanan, BİLSEM’lerde çalışan Türkçe öğretmenlerinden seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde görev yapan dört kadın, dört erkek Türkçe öğretmeninden toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler içerik analizi ile yorumlanarak sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Türkçe öğretmenleri, öğrencilerin bizzat öğrenme sürecinin içerisinde olduğu, öğrencilerin yaparak ve yaşayarak öğrenmelerine olanak sağlayan oyun temelli eğitim yönteminin Türkçe dersleri için en etkili yöntem olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Buluş yoluyla öğrenme, gösterip yaptırma, beyin fırtınası, tartışma, problem çözme, soru cevap, oyunlaştırma Türkçe öğretmenlerince Türkçe derslerinde en sık kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Türkçe öğretmenleri eğitsel oyunları, oyunlarla iç içe olan öğrencilerde konuyu pekiştirmek, konuları güncel yaşamla ilişkilendirmek, kalıcı, etkili ve eğlenceli Türkçe öğretimi yapmak için kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Türkçe öğretmenleri kelime oyunlarını, kart ve kutu oyunlarını, sözel zekâ oyunlarını, hikâye kartlarını, atasözü ve deyim kartlarını, hikâye küplerini, tabu oyununu ve pandomim gibi eğitsel oyunları derslerde kullandıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Eğitsel oyunlar dört temel dil becerisinde de kullanılmakta ve gerekli görülmektedir. Eğitsel oyunların derslerde etkili olup olmaması; BİLSEM Türkçe Öğretim Programının esnekliğine, öğretmen ve öğrencinin hazır bulunuşluğuna, konuların uygunluğuna ve grupların kalabalık olup olmaması durumlarına bağlıdır. Eğitsel oyunlar hem öğretmen hem öğrenci hem de sınıf yönetimi açısından faydalı bulunmuştur. Türkçe öğretmenleri, eğitsel oyunlara ulaşmak için gerek eğitsel oyun kitaplarından gerekse İnstagram, Facebook, Youtube gibi sosyal ortamlardan yararlanmaktadır. Türkçe öğretmenleri hem eğitsel dijital oyunları kullanmada hem de oluşturmada yeterli donanıma sahip olduklarını bunun için eğitim aldıklarını, araştırma yaptıklarını, güncel bilgileri takip ettiklerini, eğitsel oyunlar ile ilgili akademik çalışmalar yaptıklarını, TUBİTAK projeleri hazırladıklarını belirtmişlerdir.
Violências sofridas pelas mulheres torcedoras de arquibancada
Authors: Nascimento Vanessa Egla Rocha do , Araújo Adrillayne dos Reis
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo científico tem por objetivo detectar, compreender e discutir as violências que as mulheres torcedoras de arquibancada sofrem nos estádios de futebol. A metodologia empregada na construção deste estudo foi exploratória a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, com investigação do assunto em jornais e revistas eletrônicas, livros, artigos científicos e matérias desportivas constantes em sites e blogs futebolísticos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que tem aumentado paulatinamente o interesse das mulheres pelo futebol e que o número de torcedoras que frequentam arquibancadas tem acompanhado o crescimento. Contudo, o referido esporte continua sendo um ambiente impregnado de masculinidades e de estereotipação das mulheres, o que resulta na não aproximação ou mesmo no afastamento delas dos jogos dos times de coração. Concluiu-se que urge a necessidade de união entre os agentes envolvidos na organização das partidas, quais sejam: Clubes de Futebol, Torcidas Organizadas, Federações de Futebol, Secretarias de Segurança Pública, Polícias Militares, Ministério Público e Confederação na construção, na participação e no incentivo à criação de campanhas permanentes, preventivas e educativas de combate ao machismo, ao assédio e demais violências vivenciadas pelas mulheres nos estádios, tudo isso aliado a atitudes concretas e céleres de aplicabilidade das medidas legais existentes, com vistas a conferir eficácia à punição, na forma da lei, dos agressores.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with Maedi-Visna infection in sheep in the State of Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Vargens Michelle Lemos , Prazeres Margarida Paula Carreira de Sá , Barros Rosiane de Jesus , Cavalcante Erlin Cely Cotrim , Cavalcante Analy Castro Lustosa , Torres Mylena Andréa Oliveira , Teófilo Tiago da Silva , Chaves Daniel Praseres
Published: April 2021

In order to determine Maedi-Visna virus (MVV) seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection in sheep, 445 animals of both sexes and different ages were tested using the Agarose Gel Immunodiffusion technique (IDGA). The animals were divided into two groups: group 1 composed of exhibition animals (n=70) and group 2 composed of animals from properties from the north, east and central mesoregions of the state of Maranhão (n=375). The general prevalence of MVV infection was 2.02%; 1.42% in group 1 and 2.13% in group 2. In the north mesoregion the prevalence was 2.20%, while a total of 40% of the animals living in municipalities for MVV. It was observed that 1.15% of males and 2.23% of females were seropositive (p> 0.20). Regarding breeds, the Dorper (1.66%); Santa Inês (1.67%); White Dorper (33.33%) and Texel (4.34%) were the most affected. This was the only variable among all the risk factors studied that had a significant association in multivariate analysis (p <0.05). MVV infection is present regardless of the purpose of breeding, and the animals are exposed to the same risk of infection. This demonstrates the need to implement public policies for the prevention, control, and eradication of this disease.
Avaliação do nível de conhecimento das prescrições na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Silva Marcelo da , Oliveira Ana Paula Melo , Pereira Kayco Damasceno , Amaral Karoline Maria Mendes , Sousa Marcos Roberto Nascimento , Barros Sabrina Sousa , Leal Evaldo Sales , Souza Carliane Maria de Araújo , Nery Sabrina Beatriz Mendes , Araújo Sara Samara Ferreira de , Freitas Anderson Pereira , Magalhães Maria Vitória Frota , Ramos Gabrielly Silva , Nascimento Amanda Silva do , Melo Iasmim Escórcio de Brito
Published: April 2021

A prescrição medicamentosa é uma ferramenta fundamental que pode evitar o uso irracional de medicamentos minimizando os riscos e favorecendo os seus benefícios, portanto, deve ser compreendida pelo usuário para que os seus objetivos sejam alcançados.Com o intuito de responder à problemática desta pesquisa, objetivou-se avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos usuários da Atenção Básica (AB) sobre as suas prescrições, assim como traçar o perfil sociodemográfico da população, caracterizar e discutir os principais fatores que influenciam com esse problema. O estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo com abordagem quantitativa realizada no contexto da AB. Os dados foram coletados através de uma entrevista realizada com 210 participantes que possuíam uma prescrição medicamentosa emitida por um enfermeiro, médico ou cirurgião dentista. A pesquisa teve início após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética, assegurando os direitos dos participantes de acordo com os aspectos éticos e legais. Os resultados evidenciaram que a população estudada é em sua maioria do sexo feminino, idosa e de baixa renda. Em relação à compreensão, foi possível observar uma grande deficiência no conhecimento sobre possíveis interações medicamentosas e reações adversas, seguido do tempo do tratamento e nome do medicamento, revelando os ricos que os usuários estão expostos devido ao entendimento ineficaz das suas prescrições. Desta forma, conclui-se que há a necessidade de preparar os profissionais prescritores a realizarem uma prescrição racional, instruindo de forma mais efetiva os usuários sobre o seguimento da sua terapia medicamentosa que possibilite minimizar os seus riscos e promover o Uso Racional de Medicamentos.
Alterações da forma e tamanho da mandíbula em pacientes com terceiros molares impactados
Authors: Pereira Jennifer Santos , Silva Yvina Santos , Assis Wagner Couto , Casotti Cezar Augusto , Nunes Lorena Andrade
Published: April 2021

Os terceiros molares quando desalinhados, podem provocar complicações para o paciente, e na prática oral especialmente no campo cirúrgico e ortodôntico. Esse estudo objetiva analisar alterações na forma e tamanho da estrutura óssea da mandíbula associadas a impactação de terceiros molares a partir da morfometria geométrica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 110 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com idade de 18 a 25 anos, atendidos no Módulo de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. Após obtenção das imagens de radiografias panorâmicas foram realizadas as medições, em seguida a análise generalizada de Procrustes, Função discriminante, validação cruzada e a distância de Mahalanobis. Não houve diferença significativa no tamanho da mandíbula entre os sexos dos grupos com e sem terceiros molares impactado (p>0.05). Para o formato da mandíbula, identificou-se diferenças significativas (p<0.05) entre os grupos. Radiografias panorâmicas de indivíduos com dentes impactados foram classificados corretamente em 67,1 % das vezes, enquanto no grupo controle 52,4%. A distância de Mahalanobis apresentou diferenças significativas (p< 0,05) entre radiografias de indivíduos com e sem terceiros molares impactados. Com base no outline, as radiografias de pacientes com dentes impactados apresentam expansão na região mentual e compressão na região do côndilo da mandíbula. Conclui-se que há alterações no formato da mandíbula, especialmente na região mentual e do côndilo, e isto, pode estar associado a impactação de terceiros molares.
Vitamina C e a relação com a imunidade e como Agente Preventivo da COVID- 19 (Sars -Cov2)
Authors: Jesus Michelle Nogueira de , Rocha Aline Cristine Ferreira Felipe , Campos Stéphani Borges , Santana Tâmara Fabíola Vieira , Plácido Geovana Rocha
Published: April 2021

A vitamina C também denominada ácido ascórbico é um antioxidante, cuja função está relacionada a melhora do sistema imune, proteção contra doenças cardiovasculares, auxilia no combate ao estresse, além de proteção de unhas, cabelos e olhos. Sabendo de sua importância para imunidade e levando em consideração sua atuação como agente preventivo de doenças, o objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a atuação da vitamina C em relação a imunidade e como ela age contra a doença COVID – 19 também conhecida como Corona vírus, apresentando a importância dessa vitamina e seus mecanismos de ação no organismo humano. A partir da revisão realizada, notou-se que a vitamina C é essencial para o sistema imunológico e que a falta dessa leva a uma doença chamada de escorbuto, além disso notou-se que o ácido ascórbico se encontra modo natural em alguns alimentos, principalmente cítricos, e o mesmo ainda é adicionado em outros suplementos. Com relação a vitamina C como agente preventivo da COVID-19 mostrou que pacientes tratados com alta dose tiveram melhora significativas tanto em adultos quanto crianças. Sendo assim e considerando os estudos realizados conclui-se que a vitamina C possui que a vitamina C melhora o sistema imunológico estando associada na regulação de uma vida saudável.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ni-Zr-Ti Bulk Metallic Glass Composites by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Shin Da Woon , Min Hong , Lee Jin Kyu
Published: April 2021

In the present study, Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 bulk metallic glass composites were developed by spark plasma sintering(SPS) using gas atomized Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 metallic glass powders and Ta powders. Metallic glass composites with Ta phase were fabricated by SPS. The successful consolidation of Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 metallic glass matrix composites with the Ta phase was achieved through the strong bonding due to the plastic deformation of the Ta powder and the super-plastic behavior of the metallic glass powder in the supercooled liquid state during SPS. The deformed Ta phases were well distributed in the Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 metallic glass matrix. The compressive fracture strength and total strain were 1770 Mpa and 10.2%, respectively, for the Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 bulk metallic glass composite with 40 wt% Ta phases. The uniformly dispersed deformed Ta phase in the Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 metallic glass matrix effectively impedes the propagation of the first shear band and generates a second shear band, causing a crossing of the shear bands, resulting in an improvement in plastic strain. This increase in plastic deformation is related to the fact that the deformed Ta phase, uniformly distributed in the Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 metallic glass matrix, acts as a source of shear bands and at the same time effectively suppresses the movement of the shear bands, dispersing the stress and causing wide plastic deformation.
Microstructure and Sintering Behavior of Fine Tungsten Powders Synthesized by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Jo Hyeonhui , Kim Jeong Hyun , Lee Young-In , Jeong Young-Keun , Oh Sung-Tag
Published: April 2021

The powder microstructure and sintering behavior of W prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and spark plasma sintering were investigated. Fine-grained W powders were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis using an ammonium metatungstate hydrate solution and hydrogen reduction. The XRD analysis of the powder, pyrolyzed below 600 oC, showed tungsten oxide hydrate and WO3 peaks, while the powder pyrolyzed at 700 oC was composed of only the WO3 phase. As the precursor concentration increased, the particle size of the WO3 powder increased, which was interpreted to be due to an increase in the amount of solute in the droplet. The hydrogen-reduced powder showed a spherical shape with fine pores inside. XRD and XPS analysis revealed that the WO3 powder was completely reduced to metallic W by hydrogen reduction, and some oxide layers existed on the powder surface. The consolidated specimen prepared by spark plasma sintering of hydrogen-reduced W powder exhibited a relative density of 94.1% and a Vickers hardness value of 3.89 GPa. The relative density and hardness of the specimens prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis showed relatively lower values than when commercial W powder, with an average particle size of 1.22 μm, was sintered under the same conditions. These results were explained by the formation of agglomerates in the W powder prepared by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method.
Dispersion Behavior of Blast Furnace Sludge for Valuable Metal Recovery
Authors: Jung Jae-Heon , Lee So-Yeong , Choi Joo , Sohn Ho-Sang
Published: April 2021

Blast furnace sludge, which comes from the iron making process, contains many valuable materials including iron, carbon, and zinc, etc. Because a cohesive agent is added during filtration, fine sludge particles are agglomerated together. Therefore, This makes it necessary to disperse the sludge in solution before separating or recovering valuable materials. In this study, the effects of solid/liquid (g/L) ratio, ultrasonic dispersion conditions, the pH of solvent, and the concentration of dispersant on the dispersion of sludge were investigated by measuring the interfacial properties (zeta potential and hydrodynamic size) of sludge particles. High absolute value of zeta potential and small hydrodynamic size suggests that the sludge particles in the solution presents good dispersion. The absolute value of zeta potential increased gradually at high solid/liquid ratio and ultrasonic dispersion intensity. But when the sludge in solution was dispersed for more than 30 minutes, the absolute value of the zeta potential decreased due to increasing contact and interaction between the particles. Optimal dispersion operations were conducted and when the pH of the solution was adjusted to 11, the zeta potential value was measured to be -44.8 mV. This means that the sludge formed the most stable dispersed phase. The lowest zeta potential was measured to be -46.4 mV with the addition of sodium hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6 in the solution. It is thought that the sodium hexametaphosphate reduced ionic strength by removing alkali metal ions from the solution of sludge.
TO EVALUATE KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF THE

PARENTS FOR THEIR CHILD'S ORAL HEALTH AND DENTAL CARE IN THE POPULATION
Authors: Nabi Shazia , SHAH FAROOQ AHMAD , Ahmed Tahir
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Oral cavity has an essential role in the initiation of a child’s physical, mental, social functioning. Immediately after eruption of teeth they are susceptible to dental caries. During this phase of life parents play main role in prevention of occurrence of any dental issues.Aim: aim of the study was to evaluate parents’ knowledge, attitude and practice for their child’s dental health.

Materials and methods: A total of 150 parents were selected who visited the sub district hospital in Seer, Kashmir for their child’s dental treatment. Children in 2 to 12 year age group were included.

Result:According to resultsobtained, it was concluded that 68.9% of the participants were having poor knowledge, 39% exhibited poor attitude and 71% showed poor practices.Conclusion:most of the parents were lacking dental knowledge, though most of them showed positive attitude but few were following the dental practices.

Key Words : Children, parents, health
Correlation between alveolar bone level and mandibular trabecular Pattern In Periodontitis Patients Of Belgaum: A Radiological Survey
Authors: Khulbe Gitanjali , Tantradi Praveena , Ammanagi Renuka , Singha Jinkimoni
Published: April 2021

Introduction – Bone is a living, dynamic tissue, which undergoes remodelling throughout life, especially in adults. Deterioration of bone microarchitecture involves changes in the thickness and number of trabeculae, separation of trabeculae, and morphometric changes in the trabecula. Some studies suggest that changes in bone metabolism are reflected more so in the trabecular pattern rather than the bone mineral density. To further explore this, a short-study was carried out to investigate radiographically the relationship between the alveolar bone level and different trabecular bone patterns in periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods – A set of panoramic radiographs of 30 subjects was taken from radiology section, which included both males and females. Average alveolar bone level in a quadrant was calculated for each patient. Trabecular bone in the mandibular premolar area was categorised using Taguchi et alcriteria. The two variables were analysed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis models.

Result – A significant positive correlation was found between alveolar bone loss and density of trabecular pattern.

Conclusion–With increasing grade of trabeculation, a larger alveolar bone loss can be expected. This may prove to be useful in preventing tooth loss as well as in implant planning.

KeyWords: alveolar bone, trabecular bone pattern, panoramic radiographs.
Interplay Between Glucose Metabolism and Chromatin Modifications in Cancer
Authors: Ma Rui , Wu Yinsheng , Li Shanshan , Yu Xilan
Published: April 2021

Cancer cells reprogram glucose metabolism to meet their malignant proliferation needs and survival under a variety of stress conditions. The prominent metabolic reprogram is aerobic glycolysis, which can help cells accumulate precursors for biosynthesis of macromolecules. In addition to glycolysis, recent studies show that gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle play important roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review about the role of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and TCA cycle in tumorigenesis with an emphasis on revealing the novel functions of the relevant enzymes and metabolites. These functions include regulation of cell metabolism, gene expression, cell apoptosis and autophagy. We also summarize the effect of glucose metabolism on chromatin modifications and how this relationship leads to cancer development. Understanding the link between cancer cell metabolism and chromatin modifications will help develop more effective cancer treatments.
Zebrafish Cancer Predisposition Models
Authors: Kobar Kim , Collett Keon , Prykhozhij Sergey V. , Berman Jason N.
Published: April 2021

Cancer predisposition syndromes are rare, typically monogenic disorders that result from germline mutations that increase the likelihood of developing cancer. Although these disorders are individually rare, resulting cancers collectively represent 5–10% of all malignancies. In addition to a greater incidence of cancer, affected individuals have an earlier tumor onset and are frequently subjected to long-term multi-modal cancer screening protocols for earlier detection and initiation of treatment. In vivo models are needed to better understand tumor-driving mechanisms, tailor patient screening approaches and develop targeted therapies to improve patient care and disease prognosis. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a robust model for cancer research due to its high fecundity, time- and cost-efficient genetic manipulation and real-time high-resolution imaging. Tumors developing in zebrafish cancer models are histologically and molecularly similar to their human counterparts, confirming the validity of these models. The zebrafish platform supports both large-scale random mutagenesis screens to identify potential candidate/modifier genes and recently optimized genome editing strategies. These techniques have greatly increased our ability to investigate the impact of certain mutations and how these lesions impact tumorigenesis and disease phenotype. These unique characteristics position the zebrafish as a powerful in vivo tool to model cancer predisposition syndromes and as such, several have already been created, including those recapitulating Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, RASopathies, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, and several other pathogenic mutations in cancer predisposition genes. In addition, the zebrafish platform supports medium- to high-throughput preclinical drug screening to identify compounds that may represent novel treatment paradigms or even prevent cancer evolution. This review will highlight and synthesize the findings from zebrafish cancer predisposition models created to date. We will discuss emerging trends in how these zebrafish cancer models can improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms driving cancer predisposition and their potential to discover therapeutic and/or preventative compounds that change the natural history of disease for these vulnerable children, youth and adults.
Formation and Application of Core–Shell of FePt-Au Magnetic–Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Wei Da-Hua , Lin Tei-Kai , Liang Yuan-Chang , Chang Huang-Wei
Published: April 2021

Monodispersed FePt core and FePt–Au core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) have been chemically synthesized in liquid solution and with controllable surface-functional properties. The NP size was increased from 2.5 nm for FePt to 6.5 nm for FePt–Au, which could be tuned by the initial concentration of gold acetate coated onto FePt seeding NPs via a seed-mediated formation of self-assembled core–shell nanostructures. The analyses of the interplanar spacing obtained from the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selective electron diffraction pattern (SAED), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that both FePt core and Au shell belong to the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. FePt–Au NPs have a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 528 nm in the visible optical band region, indicating the red shift compared with the typical theoretical value of 520 nm of pure Au NPs. The surface modification and ligand exchange of FePt–Au was using mercaptoacetic acid (thiol) as a phase transfer reagent that turned the NPs hydrophilic due to the functional carboxyl group bond on the surface of presented multifunctional magnetic–plasmonic NPs. The water-dispersible FePt-based NPs conjugated with biomolecules could reach the different biocompatibility requirements and also provide enough heating response that acted as a potential agent for magnetic fluid hyperthermia in biomedical engineering research fields.
Immune Landscape of Thyroid Cancers: New Insights
Authors: Menicali Elisa , Guzzetti Martina , Morelli Silvia , Moretti Sonia , Puxeddu Efisio
Published: April 2021

Immune system plays a key role in cancer prevention as well as in its initiation and progression. During multistep development of tumors, cells must acquire the capability to evade immune destruction. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that thyroid tumor cells can avoid immune response by promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The recruitment of immunosuppressive cells such as TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages), TAMCs (tumor-associated mast cells), MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cells), TANs (tumor-associated neutrophils) and Tregs (regulatory T cells) and/or the expression of negative immune checkpoints, like PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4), and/or immunosuppressive enzymes, as IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1), are just some of the mechanisms that thyroid cancer cells exploit to escape immune destruction. Some authors systematically characterized immune cell populations and soluble mediators (chemokines, cytokines, and angiogenic factors) that constitute thyroid cancer microenvironment. Their purpose was to verify immune system involvement in cancer growth and progression, highlighting the differences in immune infiltrate among tumor histotypes. More recently, some authors have provided a more comprehensive view of the relationships between tumor and immune system involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) delivered a large amount of data that allowed to combine information on the inflammatory microenvironment with gene expression data, genetic and clinical-pathological characteristics, and differentiation degree of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Moreover, using a new sensitive and highly multiplex analysis, the NanoString Technology, it was possible to divide thyroid tumors in two main clusters based on expression of immune-related genes. Starting from these results, the authors performed an immune phenotype analysis that allowed to classify thyroid cancers in hot, cold, or intermediate depending on immune infiltration patterns of the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and updated view of the knowledge on immune landscape of thyroid tumors. Understanding interactions between tumor and microenvironment is crucial to effectively direct immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of thyroid cancer, particularly for those not responsive to conventional therapies.
10-Year Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis in Children Aged Less Than 16 Years From a Large Regional Center (Hangzhou, China)
Authors: Peng Wei , Yuan Jinna , Chiavaroli Valentina , Dong Guanping , Huang Ke , Wu Wei , Ullah Rahim , Jin Binghan , Lin Hu , Derraik José G. B. , Fu Junfen
Published: April 2021

Background

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and a leading cause of death in children aged <15 years with new-onset T1D.

Aims

i) to assess the incidence of DKA in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with T1D over a 10-year period at a large regional center in China; and ii) to examine the clinical symptoms and demographic factors associated with DKA and its severity at diagnosis.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective audit of a regional center, encompassing all youth aged <16 years diagnosed with T1D in 2009–2018 at the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China). DKA and its severity were classified according to ISPAD 2018 guidelines.

Results

681 children were diagnosed with T1D, 50.1% having DKA at presentation (36.0% mild, 30.0% moderate, and 33.9% severe DKA). The number of patients diagnosed with T1D progressively rose from approximately 39 cases/year in 2009–2010 to 95 cases/year in 2017–2018 (≈2.5-fold increase), rising primarily among children aged 5–9 years. DKA incidence was unchanged but variable (44.8% to 56.8%). At T1D diagnosis, 89% of patients reported polyuria and 91% polydipsia. Children presenting with DKA were more likely to report vomiting, abdominal pain, and particularly fatigue. DKA was most common among the youngest children, affecting 4 in 5 children aged <2 years (81.4%), in comparison to 53.3%, 42.7%, and 49.3% of patients aged 2–4, 5–9, and ≥10 years, respectively. Children with severe DKA were more likely to report vomiting, fatigue, and abdominal pain, but less likely to report polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia than those with mild/moderate DKA. Rates of severe DKA were highest in children aged <2 years (51.1%).

Conclusions

The number of children diagnosed with T1D at our regional center increased over the study period, but DKA rates were unchanged. With 9 of 10 children reporting polyuria and polydipsia prior to T1D diagnosis, increasing awareness of this condition in the community and among primary care physicians could lead to earlier diagnosis, and thus potentially reduce rates of DKA at presentation.
Imprinted Genes Impact Upon Beta Cell Function in the Current (and Potentially Next) Generation
Authors: Villanueva-Hayes Chelsie , Millership Steven J.
Published: April 2021

Beta cell failure lies at the centre of the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the epigenetic control of the expression of critical beta cell genes appears to play a major role in this decline. One such group of epigenetically-controlled genes, termed ‘imprinted’ genes, are characterised by transgenerational monoallelic expression due to differential allelic DNA methylation and play key functional roles within beta cells. Here, we review the evidence for this functional importance of imprinted genes in beta cells as well as their nutritional regulation by the diet and their altered methylation and/or expression in rodent models of diabetes and in type 2 diabetic islets. We also discuss imprinted genes in the context of the next generation, where dietary overnutrition in the parents can lead to their deregulation in the offspring, alongside beta cell dysfunction and defective glucose handling. Both the modulation of imprinted gene expression and the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood are susceptible to the impact of nutritional status in early life. Imprinted loci, therefore, represent an excellent opportunity with which to assess epigenomic changes in beta cells due to the diet in both the current and next generation.
Optical Imaging of Pancreatic Innervation
Authors: Makhmutova Madina , Caicedo Alejandro
Published: April 2021

At the time of Ivan Pavlov, pancreatic innervation was studied by looking at pancreas secretions in response to electrical stimulation of nerves. Nowadays we have ways to visualize neuronal activity in real time thanks to advances in fluorescent reporters and imaging techniques. We also have very precise optogenetic and pharmacogenetic approaches that allow neuronal manipulations in a very specific manner. These technological advances have been extensively employed for studying the central nervous system and are just beginning to be incorporated for studying visceral innervation. Pancreatic innervation is complex, and the role it plays in physiology and pathophysiology of the organ is still not fully understood. In this review we highlight anatomical aspects of pancreatic innervation, techniques for pancreatic neuronal labeling, and approaches for imaging pancreatic innervation in vitro and in vivo.
Modeling Interprovincial Cooperative Carbon Reduction in China: An Electricity Generation Perspective
Authors: Zeng Lijun , Du Wenjing , Zhao Laijun , Sun Zhimei
Published: April 2021

As the world faces great challenges from climate change, carbon reduction has become China’s basic national policy. However, as the main model for carbon reduction in China, the non-cooperative carbon reduction model (NCCRM) is a simple regulation mode, which is not beneficial for optimization of electricity generation capacity structure and cannot effectively motivate carbon reduction at the provincial level. Therefore, we propose an interprovincial cooperative carbon reduction model (CCRM) from the perspective of electricity generation, which provides a mechanism integrating two fundamental principles of efficiency and fairness. The CCRM consists of two parts: (1) an optimal model of carbon reduction with the object of minimizing the carbon emission of the cooperation union to determine the optimal annual electricity generation for each participating province and (2) a model that distributes the economic benefits of the cooperation among the provinces in the cooperation based on the Shapley value method. We applied the CCRM to the case of an interprovincial union of Shanghai, Sichuan, Shanxi, and Gansu in China. The results, based on the data from 2014 to 2017, show that cooperation can significantly reduce the carbon emission of the union by 425.78 × 108 kg, 11.06%; meanwhile, Shanghai, Sichuan, Shanxi, and Gansu can, respectively, get 2.79 × 108, 11.11 × 108, 4.07 × 108, and 3.19 × 108 CNY of extra benefits from carbon reduction. To test the impact of different parameter values on the results of the CCRM, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. Some policy recommendations are proposed to promote the implementation of the CCRM.