bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Share Capital or Liability Insurance?
Authors:   Széchenyi István University, Deák Ferenc Faculty of Law, Department of Commercial and Agrarian Law, Győr, Vermes Attila
Published: January 2023

In my opinion, third-party liability insurance contracts could be an appropriate device in the future to replace the damaged reputation of shared capital described in the Hungarian Civil Code. Of course, in the future, it would be necessary to modify the rules of credit practices and creditworthiness assessments. I take the view that in order to make damage statistics more accurate and new insurance products more independent, this new insurance product called third-party liability insurance for share capital should be separated in the function of insurers by way of modifying the Hungarian Insurance Code. The above-mentioned ideas are at the moment theoretical, thoughtprovoking and conversation-generating ideas only, and the detailed new rules and norms should be established and codifi ed following further research.
Is There a Legal Minimum Capital Requirement for an LLC Under the Regulation of Romanian Company Law?
Authors:   Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Department of Legal Science, Cluj-Napoca, Fegyveresi Zsolt ,   Ferenc Mádl Institute of Comparative Law, Budapest
Published: January 2023

The share capital is the investment made by company members, the amount of which must be set out in the articles of association. The company capital is not the same as the total assets of the company, but it is an integral part of the company. Until November 2020, the Romanian Company Law maintained a mandatory minimum capital requirement for limited liability companies, but later the provision was simply deleted from the law with the amendment of the Companies Act. As we will see, this does not mean that a limited liability company can be created with zero share capital.
El derecho de protección de datos personales: un importante desafío
Authors: Arellano López Christian Alberto
Published: January 2023

La presente obra plasma la nueva dimensión otorgada a los datos personales a partir de diversas reformas constitucionales y disposiciones legales que responsabilizan a los sujetos obligados a transitar de un concepto de gestión de datos personales (GDP) al de un sistema de gestión de protección de datos personales (SGPDP). En sus cuatro capítulos, se describen los distintos regímenes de protección de datos, la evolución histórica del derecho a la protección de información personal, los marcos normativos aplicables a cada ámbito y la importancia de la protección de datos en la actualidad. Con esta publicación se pretende promover mejores modelos que ayuden a conciliar los desafíos y nuevos paradigmas de la protección de datos personales.
Inclusión educativa de estudiantes con discapacidad en las instituciones de educación superior
Authors: Norzagaray Benítez Claudia Cecilia , Fraijo Figueroa José Alberto
Published: January 2023

El presente libro ofrece un panorama de la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad en las instituciones de educación superior (IES) bajo las políticas educativas internacionales actuales, las cuales establecen que todos tenemos derecho a una educación de calidad sin importar el sexo, raza, género o condición económica. A través de sus nueve capítulos, se plantea la relevancia de la inclusión educativa de los alumnos con discapacidad, su visibilización, las actitudes ante su incorporación en las escuelas, su participación y los distintos retos que experimentan, así como propuestas de acciones para ofrecer ambientes académicos inclusivos que fomenten la transformación de las IES. Coedición con Editorial Fontamara.
El Corredor Canamex y su tránsito por Sonora y Arizona
Authors: Gómez Vásquez Martín Arturo
Published: January 2023

El corredor CANAMEX abarca la infraestructura y medios de transporte que unen México, Estados Unidos y Canadá. Establecido en la época del TLCAN, es un elemento de integración comercial transfronteriza entre los estados de Sonora y Arizona, ya que estos forman parte de la ruta del corredor. La presente obra describe la función y relevancia del corredor CANAMEX como facilitador del comercio vía terrestre. A lo largo de sus cuatro capítulos, se reflexiona sobre las teorías de comercio internacional, se analizan los corredores económicos a nivel global y regional, y se estudia la integración de la subregión Ari-Son. Dirigido a estudiosos y profesionistas de las ciencias económicas, este libro pretende convertirse en una fuente de referencia para la toma de decisiones en la gestión del corredor Sonora-Arizona, así como fomentar la participación del sector académico en la formación de capital humano que intervenga en la operación del corredor. Coedición con Editorial Fontamara, S.A. de C.V.
Can Group Yoga Therapy Replace Aerobic Exercises in Controlling Obesity in Young Adults?
Authors: Prof. Dr. CK Senthil Kumar  , Prof. R. Balasaravanan
Published: January 2023

Yoga and aerobics are the two main protocols used widely for the reduction of weight in obesity management. This study have taken these two as the main variables in analysing their efficiency in reducing weight. Methodology: Only male subjects with an age of 15 to 25 years and BMI value more than 26 participated in this clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups namely group A and B. Group A subjects received a set or aerobic exercises that included elliptical exercises, tread mill walking, cycling in magnetic stationary cycling, floor exercises like squats, jumps and lunges. Group B subjects received a set of kriya, asana, pranayama, mudras and bandha. Observation: Outcome measures used in this study are lipid profile variables namely Triglycerides,Total cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein, High density lipoprotein. Results of this study concluded that both YOGIC practice and aerobic training are effective in reducing the lipid profile abnormalities. Though there is no significant difference between the two groups at the end of the 6th week, the results suggest that YOGA practice results in a constant and steady correction of lipid profile value in obese young adults. So this study concludes that YOGA is an effective way of normalising the lipid profile values in obese young adults
Review on Quality Aspects of Herbal Drugs and its Formulations
Authors: Mr. Jivan Tammaraya Biradar  , Prof. D. A. Patil  , Dr. Sanjay K. Bais
Published: January 2023

To evaluate the quality of pharmaceuticals, it is crucial to consider the quality factors of herbal remedies herbal formulations. The total of all elements that directly or indirectly affect the product’s security, efficacy, and acceptance constitutes the quality of herbal medicines. The absence of formulation criteria, however, is a problem for herbal medications. The primary constraints are the absence of formulation for raw materials, processing techniques, and final goods, dose formulation, and the absence of quality control standards. To assure the quality, safety, and efficacy in herbal medicines using current, appropriate GMP standards.
Review on Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Prof. Shirish B. Nagansurkar  , Dr. Sanjay k. Bais  , Mr. Pradip Daji Shembade
Published: January 2023

Transdermal drug delivery system is an essential part of novel drug distribution system. The topically administered medications in the form of patches which when applied to the skin deliver the drug .For operative TDDS the drug are easily able to penetrate the skin and easily reach the target site. TDDS avoids the first pass metabolism, less frequency of administration, reduction gastrointestinal side effects. Adverse effects are minimized due to steady and optimum blood concentration. It has greater bioavailability and efficacy of drug. The human skin is multi-layered organ composed of many histological layers. Skin is the largest organ in the body. Its major functions are protection of major or vital internal organs for the external influences, temperature regulations, control of water output and sensation. Polymer should be chemically non-reactive, should not decompose on storage, should be non-toxic, cost should not be high. E.g. - cellulose derivatives, zein, gelatin etc. Backing films play a vital role in the transdermal patch and the role of the film is to protect the active layer. Transdermal patches can be evaluated by interaction studies thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, in vitro study,moisture content, swelling index basic component of TDDS.
Beyond Statistical Significance: A Holistic View of What Makes a Research Finding "Important"
Authors: Miller Jane E
Published: January 2023

Students often believe that statistical significance is the only determinant of whether a quantitative result is “important.” In this paper, I review traditional null hypothesis statistical testing to identify what questions inferential statistics can and cannot answer, including statistical significance, effect size and direction, causality, generalizability, and changeability of the independent variable. I illustrate these issues with examples from an empirical study of the association between how much time teenagers spent playing video games and time spent reading. I describe how study design and context determine each of those aspects of “importance,” and close by summarizing how to provide a holistic view of importance when writing about a quantitative analysis. I also include exercises to guide students through applying these concepts to articles in newspapers and scholarly journals.
Artificial Intelligence, Basic Skills, and Quantitative Literacy
Authors: Karaali Gizem
Published: January 2023

The introduction in November 2022 of ChatGPT, a freely available language-based artificial intelligence, has led to concerns among some educators about the feasibility and benefits of teaching basic writing and critical thinking skills to students in the context of easily accessed, AI-based cheating mechanisms. As of now, ChatGPT can write pretty convincing student-level prose, but it is still not very good at answering quantitatively rich questions. Therefore, for the time being, the preceding concerns may not be shared by a large portion of the numeracy education community. However, as Google and WolframAlpha are definitely capable of answering standard and some non-standard quantitative queries, a future generation of artificial intelligence including both types of capabilities is not out of the question. So, the issue is still relevant to the readers of this journal. As we continue to focus on the higher-level skills and habits of mind that make up quantitative literacy (QL) and quantitative reasoning (QR), we should not forget that basic literacy and numeracy are still foundational building blocks. While AI is making advances in these basic realms, our human students seem to be losing ground, as implied by the most recent NAEP scores. Here we encourage our readership to focus on what makes QL/QR so challenging to teach, to human as well as artificial intelligences.
How to wean friends and influence health: Opioid weaning and discontinuation aided by a simple health and wellness coaching program
Authors: McAnally, MD, MSPH Heath B. , Thompson, DO Stormie M. , Okediji, MBChB Paul
Published: January 2023

Objective: To evaluate whether a simple health and wellness coaching (HWC) program embedded within routine clinical practice resulted in improved opioid weaning and discontinuation.Design: Retrospective double cohort study comparing longitudinal opioid use data and numeric pain scale ratings for patients in each group.Setting: Single noninstitutional subspecialty pain management practice.Participants: Twenty (daily opioid using) patients undergoing a multifocal HWC program with integrated pain neuroscience education (PNE) compared to 20 age- and gender-matched (daily opioid using) patients undergoing usual care.Intervention: A systematized series of interactive self-management topics/lessons on basic health topics pertinent to chronic pain, eg, posture, mobility, nutrition, sleep, stress management, and PNE.Main outcome measures: Daily morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) trajectory and discontinuation success (hypothesis and outcome measure formulated before data collection); numeric pain scale rating trajectory (hypothesis and outcome measure formulated after data collection).Results: MME decrease was significantly greater among cases (93.5 percent) than controls (50 percent; p = 0.004) as was discontinuation of opioids (30 percent vs 0). Cases reported decreased longitudinal 10-digit pain scale rating (–0.8) compared to controls (+0.1) without statistical significance.Conclusions: Providing simple and salient HWC including PNE within pain management can significantly improve opioid weaning and discontinuation while mitigating pain.
Kratom and opioid use disorder in the perioperative period: A case report on the expanding role of buprenorphine
Authors: Perez, MD Josiah
Published: January 2023

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), an herbal plant gaining popularity as a treatment for chronic pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms, continues to be marketed and sold in the United States in an unregulated fashion. We present a patient with a history of opioid use disorder and taking kratom for chronic pain, who presented for an elective total knee replacement. We experienced challenges as well as successes with using buprenorphine as the primary medication to treat his post-operative pain, adding to the growing body of evidence to consider the use of buprenorphine both for kratom withdrawal and in the perioperative period.
Prospek Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Bandeng Terhadap Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluarga Di Gampong Jangka Mesjid Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Rekarahmah Rekarahmah
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Jangka Mesjid Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen pada Usaha Budidaya Ikan Bandeng pada bulan Mei 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat prospek usaha budidaya ikan bandeng di Jangka Mesjid Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan rumus analisis biaya, penerimaan, keuntungan . Bedasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa total biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk menjalankan usahanya adalah Rp.124.547.325,-/hektar per tahun, dengan penerimaan sebesar Rp. 130.300.000,-/hektar per tahun,  maka diperoleh keuntungan pertahunnya sebesar Rp. 57.526.75,-/hektar per tahun. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha Budidaya ikan bandeng di Desa Jangka Mesjid Kecamatan Jangka Kabupaten Bireuen mempunyai nilai prospek yang layak untuk dikembangkan.

Kata Kunci: Prospek Budidaya Ikan Bandeng, Peningkatan Pendapatan Keluarga.
La doble heterocigosis por la mutación común en el codón 39 (C>T) (β0) y la deleción siciliana (δβ0) 13.4 kb causa una beta-talasemia transfusión dependiente en dos pacientes costarricenses
Authors: Protti-Meléndez Tania , Calderón-Brenes Melissa , Solano-Vargas Mariela , Cartín-Sánchez Wálter
Published: January 2023

Las talasemias son desórdenes autosómicos recesivos de las cadenas de hemoglobina que poseen expresión clínica variable según el tipo de mutación o deleción. Presentamos el caso de dos jóvenes mujeres costarricenses no relacionadas entre sí y ambas diagnosticadas con la mutación común en el codón 39 (C>T) (β0) en combinación con la deleción siciliana (δβ0) 13.4 kb. La caracterización de doble heterocigota no había sido descrita antes en la literatura médica, y discutimos el significado de este genotipo que causa un defecto tipo β0 talasemia transfusión dependiente.
Religion and the American Revolution
Authors: Carté Katherine
Published: January 2023

For most of the eighteenth century, British protestantism was driven neither by the primacy of denominations nor by fundamental discord between them. Instead, it thrived as part of a complex transatlantic system that bound religious institutions to imperial politics. As Katherine Carté argues, British imperial protestantism proved remarkably effective in advancing both the interests of empire and the cause of religion until the war for American independence disrupted it. That Revolution forced a reassessment of the role of religion in public life on both sides of the Atlantic. Religious communities struggled to reorganize within and across new national borders. Religious leaders recalibrated their relationships to government. If these shifts were more pronounced in the United States than in Britain, the loss of a shared system nonetheless mattered to both nations. Sweeping and explicitly transatlantic, Religion and the American Revolution demonstrates that if religion helped set the terms through which Anglo-Americans encountered the imperial crisis and the violence of war, it likewise set the terms through which both nations could imagine the possibilities of a new world.
Britain’s Imperial Protestantism
Authors: Carté Katherine
Published: January 2023

After Britain's seventeenth-century wars of religion, the Glorious Revolution ushered in a new system of religious establishment that, after the 1720s, also came to include most of Britain's North American colonies. Parallel establishments of Anglicans (Church of England), Presbyterians (Church of Scotland) and Congregationalists (New England's establishment) existed in most of the empire. Authorities tolerated politically-loyal protestant dissent, and religious leaders supported the empire's shared fight against Catholic (papist) empires.
Antipopery and the End of the Protestant State
Authors: Carté Katherine
Published: January 2023

This chapter chronicles how Britain ceased to be, and the United States failed to become, protestant polities. In both countries, government leaders relied by necessity on Catholics as political partners during the war. In the United States, that was the search for support from either the Quebecois or, more significantly, from France. In Britain, after the French Alliance, that was the military necessity to draw on Catholic subjects, in Britain as well as in Ireland, for soldiers. American religious leaders largely accepted this fact, depriving the new nation of a language of unity and purpose—the cosmic conflict between protestants and Catholics—that had long dominated early modern international affairs. In Britain, religious leaders made parallel choices, as anti-Catholic riots in Scotland and then, more dramatically in England, set political protestantism and the goals of empire—prosecuting the war with all available resources—at odds. These two related events signal the end of the confessional era in the midst of the Age of Revolutions.
Flight
Authors: Janney Caroline E.
Published: January 2023

This chapter follows soldiers from the Army of Northern Virginia who escaped the surrender at Appomattox or refused to surrender themselves. It surveys the options they had: to continue the fight by heading south to join Joseph E. Johnston, to go home and await further orders, or to quit fighting without ever seeking a parole.
A Rebel Capital No More
Authors: Janney Caroline E.
Published: January 2023

As paroled and unparoled Confederates from Lee's army streamed into Richmond, the limited and evolving meaning of the paroles was becoming apparent. Paroles had not restored the rights of US citizenship. Moreover, the number of both white and Black civilians and soldiers in the former rebel capital was creating a refugee crisis that needed to be addressed immediately.
Epilogue
Authors: Janney Caroline E.
Published: January 2023

The seeds of the Lost Cause had been planted during the war, but it sprouted forth in bloom with the disbanding of the Army of Northern Virginia. Appomattox had not marked the end. It was only the beginning, foreshadowing much of what would play out in the decades to come – a veneration of Lee and his soldiers as righteous and invincible, even in defeat.
The Record of Murders and Outrages
Authors: Blair William A.
Published: January 2023

After the Civil War's end, reports surged of violence by Southern whites against Union troops and Black men, women, and children. While some in Washington, D.C., sought to downplay the growing evidence of atrocities, in September 1866, Freedmen’s Bureau commissioner O. O. Howard requested that assistant commissioners in the readmitted states compile reports of "murders and outrages" to catalog the extent of violence, to prove that the reports of a peaceful South were wrong, and to argue in Congress for the necessity of martial law. What ensued was one of the most fascinating and least understood fights of the Reconstruction era—a political and analytical fight over information and its validity, with implications that dealt in life and death.
Here William A. Blair takes the full measure of the bureau’s attempt to document and deploy hard information about the reality of the violence that Black communities endured in the wake of Emancipation. Blair uses the accounts of far-flung Freedmen's Bureau agents to ask questions about the early days of Reconstruction, which are surprisingly resonant with the present day: How do you prove something happened in a highly partisan atmosphere where the credibility of information is constantly challenged? And what form should that information take to be considered as fact?
Black Lives in the Record
Authors: Blair William A.
Published: January 2023

This chapter does a deep dive into the Records Relating to Murders and Outrages, giving samples of the kinds of racial violence committed in the South. The data have been compiled on nine microfilm reels with 3,981 incident reports from 1865-1868 containing the fate of more than 5,000 victims of crimes—most of which went unpunished. Texas was the worst state for African Americans to live, accounting for 57 percent of all the reported outrages. Women everywhere lacked protection, with some states reporting them as experiencing twenty to thirty percent of the total crimes, including murder and sexual assaults. The chapter argues that southern legal institutions, such as the courts and police, conducted an insurgency against change, encouraging violence to maintain white supremacy even before the Klan emerged.
Epilogue
Authors: Blair William A.
Published: January 2023

Racial violence outlasted the Freedmen’s Bureau; so did the need to prove it happened. Black activists like Ida Wells-Barnett used methodology very similar to her predecessors in by trying to amass data to prove to naysayers that lynching was a problem. In her Red Record (1895) she used sources from a white newspaper deliberately, so that condemnation of the murders came out of “their own mouths.” The chapter also contains a brief comparison of racial violence in Reconstruction and Jim Crow America and traces how long the denial of violence lasted in academic histories. Ultimately, the Records Relating to Murders and Outrages shows the bravery of Black people to seek justice in dark times while providing today’s Americans with evidence essential for a full reckoning of our nation’s history.
Introduction
Authors: Nabhan-Warren Kristy
Published: January 2023

This chapter provides a description of one woman’s migration journey from her homeland of Mexico to the United States. Like many women before her, Rosa is a woman who crosses the border to escape poverty and to work toward a more prosperous future for her family. The rural Midwest is Rosa’s final destination and Iowa is her geographic American Dream. This introductory chapter sets the stage for the remainder of the book which focuses on migrants to the United States who come to work and to raise their families. Like Rosa, many of the new individuals and their families are fortified by their religious faith.
The Discourse of Conflict in the Reconstruction South
Authors: Snay Mitchell
Published: January 2023

Debate over the immigration of workers into the post-Civil War South—who were the desirable outsiders and who were not—became a vital subject in the polemical literature of the Reconstruction South. The political press, especially, was a deeply local, passionate, and inventive voice in this debate, as Mitchell Snay shows. In the pages of periodical literature, the hotly contested issues surrounding immigration not only engaged wide-ranging political visions of how the South would economically survive, but also provided a discourse about larger social and political issues roiling the post-Civil War era. Indeed, the issues raised by immigration became a unique “code” for who belonged in a New South, and which voices should matter in the struggle over land, labor, race, ethnicity, and citizenship.
The Wrecking Crew
Authors: Grammer John
Published: January 2023

Morris, King, and Frady were journalists, all born in the South, who came of age in the 1950’s and began their careers on Southern daily newspapers. John Grammer traces how they came together during Morris’s brief but momentous editorship of Harper’s magazine from 1967 to 1971, with King and Frady among his most important contributors. The owners of the magazine called these young southerners “the wrecking crew” because of their raucous, often alcohol-fueled irreverence toward many conventions but particularly toward those of journalism. Like such contemporaries as Norman Mailer, Tom Wolfe, and Joan Didion, they tested the border between fiction and journalism with deeply reported articles that read like short stories. They were led to these innovations in part by their admiration for literary elders like William Faulkner, Robert Penn Warren, and Thomas Wolfe. But they put this literary inheritance to a new purpose when, as young reporters, they encountered the Civil Rights Movement in the South. As “who-what-when-where” journalism proved inadequate to the unique pressures of the moment, they improvised a literary method and created an important but heretofore under-recognized chapter in the literary history of the South.
The Souls of Womenfolk
Authors: Wells-Oghoghomeh Alexis
Published: January 2023

Beginning on the shores of West Africa in the sixteenth century and ending in the US Lower South on the eve of the Civil War, Alexis Wells-Oghoghomeh traces a bold history of the interior lives of bondwomen as they carved out an existence for themselves and their families amid the horrors of American slavery. With particular attention to maternity, sex, and other gendered aspects of women’s lives, she documents how bondwomen crafted female-centered cultures that shaped the religious consciousness and practices of entire enslaved communities. Indeed, gender as well as race co-constituted the Black religious subject, she argues—requiring a shift away from understandings of “slave religion” as a gender-amorphous category. Women responded on many levels—ethically, ritually, and communally—to southern slavery. Drawing on a wide range of sources, Wells-Oghoghomeh shows how they remembered, reconfigured, and innovated beliefs and practices circulating between Africa and the Americas. In this way, she redresses the exclusion of enslaved women from the American religious narrative. Challenging conventional institutional histories, this book opens a rare window onto the spiritual strivings of one of the most remarkable and elusive groups in the American experience.
Womb Re/membrances
Authors: Wells-Oghoghomeh Alexis
Published: January 2023

Chapter two examines the ways issues around maternity shaped the ethical cultures of enslaved women, consistent with the book’s consideration of reproduction as the primary distinguishing feature of bondswomen’s lives. As a result of the resignification of enslaved women’s wombs as economic spaces for the biological and social reproduction of slavery, issues pertaining to reproduction functioned as points of existential concern and catalysts for theological reflection among enslaved women, men, and children. This chapter considers the reproductive dimensions of dismemberment, or maternal dismemberment, and the conditions under which sexual compromise, abortion, and filicide became just and moral acts within women’s religious cultures.
Sex, Body, and Soul
Authors: Wells-Oghoghomeh Alexis
Published: January 2023

Chapter three explores the effects of sexual dismemberment upon the religious consciousness of enslaved women as expressed in their ethics and social values. Through an examination of bondwomen’s sexual hypervisibility, coercive sexual encounters, and conjugal structures, the propose the existence of gender-specific ethical and “common sense” knowledge cultures that originate from women’s unique social and physiological positions in enslaved society. In response to the culture of sexual dismemberment, women adopted ways of re/membering and narrating trauma, defining sexual relationships, and understanding sexual pleasure that privileged the principles of privacy and consent. Men and children followed suit. Thus, this chapter uses female-specific sexual experiences to make a broader argument about how women’s experiences shaped religious values within enslaved communities.
Spirit Bodies and Feminine Souls
Authors: Wells-Oghoghomeh Alexis
Published: January 2023

Chapter five uses lore surrounding the hag, witches, and other “trans-sense” figures to illuminate the interplay between female-embodied entities in the Black sacred imagination and perceptions of women’s power within the enslaved community. The use of the term “trans-sense” situates hags and similar entities as “of, beyond, and between” the sense and spirit worlds, simultaneously. The chapter argues that the sense world, specifically understandings of bondswomen in the sense world, shaped representations of feminine power in the trans-sense realm. Read together, the sense and trans-sense worlds functioned as mutually-informing realms of gendered signification regarding female power. Therefore, understandings of hags, witches, and other such figures offer a window into enslaved people’s cosmological understandings of the feminine, just as an understanding of enslaved women’s social positions explain certain manifestations of trans-sense feminine power.
A Mormon Among the Lutherans
Authors: Givens Terryl L.
Published: January 2023

England left Stanford to accept a position at the Lutheran college St Olaf as an administrator. Proudly professing his LDS faith, he encountered conflict with colleagues. At the same time, England was called to preside over a Mormon congregation as branch president, which shaped his future preoccupation with pastoral care. England transferred to a teaching position at St Olaf, but failing to receive tenure, applied to Brigham Young University. He failed there, too, but found partial employment at the Church Historical Department and teaching institute again.
J’Accuse! Beginning of the End
Authors: Givens Terryl L.
Published: January 2023

As the church clamped down on dissent and forbade BYU professors from participating in forums deemed hostile to the church, England continued his provocations. These culminated when England publicly denounced a committee charged with monitoring subversive tendencies among LDS intellectuals. When he learned the committee consisted of apostles, he privately and publicly apologized, but he had crossed a line that would not be forgotten. In his English department, the culture wars over feminism and abortion precipitated dismissals, with England defending those sanctioned. National media attention to the issue again left England on the wrong side, as far as leaders were concerned. Then, several high-profile intellectuals were excommunicated, and England’s position became even more precarious. He found some refuge and respite in leading Study Abroads in London.
Rebellion and Radicalism
Authors: Milteer Warren Eugene
Published: January 2023

This chapter investigates the development of the backlash against free people of color. It starts with a detailed discussion of how the Nat Turner Rebellion became an important moment for white radicals to attack free people of color and their position in society. The chapter also highlights some of the failures of this extremist movement. The bulk of the chapter covers the evolution of the proslavery and white supremacist movements from the end of the Turner rebellion to the eve of the Civil War.
Her Cold War
Authors: Roth Tanya L.
Published: January 2023

While Rosie the Riveter had fewer paid employment options after being told to cede her job to returning World War II veterans, her sisters and daughters found new work opportunities in national defense. The 1948 Women’s Armed Services Integration Act created permanent military positions for women with the promise of equal pay. Her Cold War follows the experiences of women in the military from the passage of the Act to the early 1980s.
In the late 1940s, defense officials structured women’s military roles on the basis of perceived gender differences. Classified as noncombatants, servicewomen filled roles that they might hold in civilian life, such as secretarial or medical support positions. Defense officials also prohibited pregnant women and mothers from remaining in the military and encouraged many women to leave upon marriage. Before civilian feminists took up similar issues in the 1970s, many servicewomen called for a broader definition of equality free of gender-based service restrictions. Tanya L. Roth shows us that the battles these servicewomen fought for equality paved the way for women in combat, a prerequisite for promotion to many leadership positions, and opened opportunities for other servicepeople, including those with disabilities, LGBT and gender nonconforming people, noncitizens, and more.
Nixon's War at Home
Authors: Chard Daniel S.
Published: January 2023

During the presidency of Richard Nixon, homegrown leftist guerrilla groups like the Weather Underground and the Black Liberation Army carried out hundreds of attacks in the United States. The FBI had a long history of infiltrating activist groups, but this type of clandestine action posed a unique challenge. Drawing on thousands of pages of declassified FBI documents, Daniel S. Chard shows how America's war with domestic guerrillas prompted a host of new policing measures as the FBI revived illegal spy techniques previously used against communists in the name of fighting terrorism. These efforts did little to stop the guerrillas—instead, they led to a bureaucratic struggle between the Nixon administration and the FBI that fueled the Watergate Scandal and brought down Nixon. Yet despite their internal conflicts, FBI and White House officials developed preemptive surveillance practices that would inform US counterterrorism strategies into the twenty-first century, entrenching mass surveillance as a cornerstone of the national security state.
Connecting the dots between political violence and "law and order" politics, Chard reveals how American counterterrorism emerged in the 1970s from violent conflicts over racism, imperialism, and policing that remain unresolved today.
Caribeños at the Table
Authors: Fuster Melissa
Published: January 2023

Melissa Fuster thinks expansively about the multiple meanings of comida, food, from something as simple as a meal to something as complex as one’s identity. She listens intently to the voices of New York City residents with Cuban, Dominican, or Puerto Rican backgrounds, as well as to those of the nutritionists and health professionals who serve them. She argues with sensitivity that the migrants’ health depends not only on food culture but also on important structural factors that underlie their access to food, employment, and high-quality healthcare. People in Hispanic Caribbean communities in the United States present high rates of obesity, diabetes, and other diet-related diseases, conditions painfully highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both eaters and dietitians may blame these diseases on the shedding of traditional diets in favor of highly processed foods. Or, conversely, they may blame these on the traditional diets of fatty meat, starchy root vegetables, and rice. Applying a much needed intersectional approach, Fuster shows that nutritionists and eaters often misrepresent, and even racialize or pathologize, a cuisine’s healthfulness or unhealthfulness if they overlook the kinds of economic and racial inequities that exist within the global migration experience.
Comidas Back Home and Moving Forward
Authors: Fuster Melissa
Published: January 2023

This final chapter brings the book full circle from the opening in the introduction by examining how cuisines have changed in the Hispanic Caribbean (Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic) and the current economic and political situations shaping the communities in the region and in the United States. The chapter discusses the communities outside of New York City, including other points of encounter in the United States and changes in migratory trajectories. It then outlines key lessons learned from the comparative analysis presented in the book and proposes new ways forward for public health interventions to address existing health inequities using structure-inclusive approaches, including emerging food justice movements in the community and food environment interventions.
Grotesque Touch
Authors: King Amy
Published: January 2023

In this book, Amy K. King examines how violence between women in contemporary Caribbean and American texts is rooted in plantation slavery. Analyzing films, television shows, novels, short stories, poems, book covers, and paintings, King shows how contemporary media reuse salacious and stereotypical depictions of relationships between women living within the plantation system to confront its legacy in the present. The vestiges of these relationships—enslavers and enslaved women, employers and domestic servants, lovers and rivals—negate characters’ efforts to imagine non-abusive approaches to power and agency. King’s work goes beyond any other study to date to examine the intersections of gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, class, ability, and nationality in US and Caribbean depictions of violence between women in the wake of slavery.
I Could Love Them, Too
Authors: Morgan Francesca
Published: January 2023

This chapter attributes the expanding popularity of genealogy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to Americans’ racial thinking that sorted European from European as well as European from non-European, with Anglo-Americans (recently branded as Anglo-Saxons) on top. Such thinking brought white Protestants together who were otherwise divided by gender, class, denomination, and region, in genealogy research, commemorations including monument-raising, and in newly popular hereditary organizations (so-called for their genealogical membership requirements) such as the Daughters of the American Revolution. Genealogical recordkeeping also featured in federal and state laws directed at racial subjugation. These laws ranged from eugenics (compulsory sterilization) to immigration bans and restrictions, to bans on interracial marriage, to voter suppression in the Jim Crow South, and attempted breakdown of Native American tribes. Professional genealogists in the 1920s and afterward were early, among whites, in challenging racist uses of genealogical methods and findings.
“The Whole Debt of the Nation”
Authors: Seeley Samantha
Published: January 2023

Anxious to pay their European and domestic creditors after the conclusion of the American Revolution, eastern legislators in the confederation government presumed that the source of the new nation’s wealth lay in Native land—what they called a great “fund” to pay the war debts of the new United States. In surveys and reports, in the Northwest Ordinance and federal statutes, officials, speculators, and geographers made Native homelands legible as homelands for white Americans. They deployed the category of population, proposing the replacement of Native people with white settlers. All the same, removal was a contest rather than an inevitability. North of the Ohio River—what federal officials called the Northwest Territory—Native Americans resisted dispossession by building the United Indian Nations, a powerful confederacy that evicted interlopers and stymied surveyors.
“A Good Citizen of the Whole World”
Authors: Seeley Samantha
Published: January 2023

Decades before the founding of the American Colonization Society, Black colonization was promoted by people with an array of interests. Hardly an outlier, colonization ideology accompanied the first wave of gradual emancipation that began in the 1780s. But if colonization talk was common, its proponents disagreed about the ends it should serve and whether it should be voluntary or coercive, led by Black emigrationists or white colonizationists. White colonizationists in the Upper South embraced it because they feared that growing numbers of free African Americans would challenge slavery. Black northern proponents believed that a West African venture they controlled themselves could deliver political rights and economic independence. Black emigration plans converged for a time, although fleetingly, with the ideas of white ministers and antislavery reformers who saw colonization in Sierra Leone’s Province of Freedom as a missionary movement to suppress the slave trade. In the post-war period, white colonizationists looked west more often than they looked east, borrowing from the realm of Indian affairs while formulating their ideas.
Conclusion
Authors: Seeley Samantha
Published: January 2023

By the 1830s, activists began to see removal as uniquely American because of the simultaneous rise of the Indian Removal Act and the American Colonization Society’s colony in Liberia. Black, white, and Native American activists used writing, petitioning, lobbying, and public meetings to protest colonization and Indian removal in ways that captured the attention of white activists. Black abolitionists castigated colonization to claim their citizenship, and Cherokee leaders galvanized eastern activists in their fight to preserve their sovereignty. Their activism gave some Native people and African Americans the right to remain in their homes, but the age of removal nonetheless continued long past the antebellum period.
Beginnings
Authors: Link William A.
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses Graham’s early life and influences during his childhood and adolescence. It sets the stage for the remainder of the book by explaining the nature of social change in North Carolina in the post-Reconstruction era, the importance of religion, and the formative experience that began to shape Graham’s life.
The Anti-Communist Attack
Authors: Link William A.
Published: January 2023

The late 1940s saw a furious attack on New Dealers and the aftermath of the New Deal. Frank Graham, as a leading southern liberal, became a target in which anticommunists maintained that his support for social justice enabled Communists to infiltrate organizations and even the federal government. In addition, anticommunism converged with uncertainty about the future of segregation and whether it would survive.
Peacemaker
Authors: Link William A.
Published: January 2023

After Graham’s demoralizing defeat and his rejection as a US Senator by North Carolinians, Graham looked abroad as an arena in which he could use his conciliatory and peacemaking skills. Earlier, in 1947, he successfully mediated the creation of the Indonesian republic and helped to broker its liberation from Dutch colonizers. In 1951, he attempted to mediate the conflict between Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India over the border region of Kashmir. The experience was demoralizing for Graham but also led him to think of race and racism as the dominant challenge in humankind. Increasingly Graham saw a connection between racial justice at home with democratic freedoms of nonwhite nations.
Conclusion
Authors: Foote Lorien
Published: January 2023

Retaliation, the method provided by the customs of war to negotiate the conduct of civilized war, was in the spotlight from 1861-1865. Properly conducting the retaliation ritual preserved honor before a watching civilized world and demonstrated a commitment to a set of rules that guaranteed one’s place in civilization. Confederates used retaliation to express their outrage when the Union armed Black men, bombarded residential areas of cities, and unleashed pillagers who entered the homes of civilized women. Officers of the United States used retaliation to protect the freeborn Black men who wore the Federal uniform and the Union prisoners mistreated by their Confederate captors. The rhetoric of civilization and savagery continued to shape political and social debates during the period of Reconstruction. Americans experienced the Civil War as a crisis of civilization.
Eventually retaliation rituals faded away as the laws of war were formalized and codified through international treaties.
Family, Slavery, and Love in the Early American Republic
Authors: Lewis Jan Ellen
Published: January 2023

One of the finest historians of her generation, Jan Ellen Lewis transformed our understanding of the early US Republic. Her ground-breaking essays defined the emerging fields of gender and emotions history and reframed traditional understandings of the founding fathers and the US Constitution. As significant as her work was within each of these subfields, her most remarkable insights came from the connections she drew among them. Gender and race, slavery and freedom, feelings and politics ran together in the hearts, minds, and lives of the men and women she studied. Lewis’s brilliant research revealed these long-buried connections and illuminated their importance for America’s past and present.
Family, Slavery, and Love in the Early American Republic collects thirteen of Lewis’s most important essays. Distinguished scholars shed light on the historical and historiographical contexts in which Lewis and her peers researched, wrote, and argued. But the real star of this volume is Lewis herself: confident, unconventional, erudite, and deeply imaginative.
Surrender According To Joseph E. Johnston and William T. Sherman
Authors: Cushman Stephen
Published: January 2023

No other memoir-writing generals gave to the Civil War memory market what Joseph E. Johnston and William T. Sherman did with their books and their postwar friendship. Their contribution to public imagination and reconciliationist mythmaking began with the Bennett Place surrender of Johnston to Sherman in North Carolina in April 1865, and it ended with Johnston’s appearance at Sherman’s funeral in February 1891, followed by his own death the next month. Offering public imagination two views of the Bennett Place surrender, Johnston and Sherman published their memoirs with the same New York publisher, D. Appleton and Company, in 1874 and 1875, respectively. This congruence reveals the commercial pragmatism of northern publishers and a new Civil War memory market fueled by popular appetite for reconciliationist mythmaking.