bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared [Fe II] and Dust Emissions from Supernova Remnants
Authors: Koo Bon-Chul
Published: January 2014

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are strong thermal emitters of infrared radiation. The most prominent lines in the near-infrared spectra of SNRs are [Fe II] lines. The [Fe II] lines are from shocked dense atomic gases, so they trace SNRs in dense environments. After briefly reviewing the physics of the [Fe II] emission in SNR shocks, I describe the observational results which show that there are two groups of SNRs bright in [Fe II] emission: middle-aged SNRs interacting with molecular clouds and young core-collapse SNRs in dense circumstellar medium. The SNRs belonging to the former group are also bright in near-infrared H2 emission, indicating that both atomic and molecular shocks are pervasive in these SNRs. The SNRs belonging to the latter group have relatively small radii in general, implying that most of them are likely the remnants of SN IIL/b or SN IIn that had strong mass loss before the explosion. I also comment on the “[Fe II]-H2 reversal” in SNRs and on using the [Fe II]-line luminosity as an indicator of the supernova (SN) rate in galaxies. In the mid- and far-infrared regimes, thermal dust emission is dominant. The dust in SNRs can be heated either by collisions with gas species in a hot plasma or by radiation from a shock front. I discuss the characteristics of the infrared morphology of the SNRs interacting with molecular clouds and their dust heating processes. Finally, I give a brief summary of the detection of SN dust and crystalline silicate dust in SNRs.
Thermal X-ray Spectra of Supernova Remnants
Authors: Slane Patrick
Published: January 2014

The fast shocks that characterize supernova remnants heat circumstellar and ejecta material to extremely high temperatures, resulting in significant X-ray emission. The X-ray spectrum from an SNR carries a wealth of information about the temperature and ionization state of the plasma, the density distribution of the postshock material, and the composition of the ejecta. This, in turn, places strong constraints on the properties of the progenitor star, the explosive nucleosynthesis that produced the remnant, the properties of the environment into which the SNR expands, and the effects of particle acceleration on its dynamical evolution. Here I present results from X-ray studies SNRs in various evolutionary states, and highlight key results inferred from the thermal emission.
Supernovae driven galactic outflows
Authors: Nath Biman B.
Published: January 2014

Outflows from galaxies play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies and also affect the surrounding medium. The standard scenario of explaining these outflows with the help of supernovae driven wind has recently come under criticism, and other processes such as radiation pressure and cosmic-rays have been invoked. We examine the relative importance of supernovae as the driving mechanism of galactic outflows in light of these competing processes.
Fermi-LAT and WMAP observations of the supernova remnant Puppis A
Authors: Grondin Marie-Hélène , Hewitt John W. , Lemoine-Goumard Marianne , Reposeur Thierry ,   for the Fermi-LAT collaboration
Published: January 2014

The supernova remnant (SNR) Puppis A (aka G260.4-3.4) is a middle-aged supernova remnant, which displays increasing X-ray surface brightness from West to East corresponding to an increasing density of the ambient interstellar medium at the Eastern and Northern shell. The dense IR photon field and the high ambient density around the remnant make it an ideal case to study in γ-rays. Gamma-ray studies based on three years of observations with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard Fermi have revealed the high energy gamma-ray emission from SNR Puppis A. The γ-ray emission from the remnant is spatially extended, and nicely matches the radio and X-ray morphologies. Its γ-ray spectrum is well described by a simple power law with an index of ~2.1, and it is among the faintest supernova remnants yet detected at GeV energies. To constrain the relativistic electron population, seven years of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data were also analyzed, and enabled to extend the radio spectrum up to 93 GHz. The results obtained in the radio and γ-ray domains are described in detail, as well as the possible origins of the high energy γ-ray emission (Bremsstrahlung, Inverse Compton scattering by electrons or decay of neutral pions produced by proton interactions).
Probing the effects of hadronic acceleration at the SN 1006 shock front
Authors: Miceli Marco , Bocchino F. , Decourchelle A. , Maurin G. , Vink J. , Orlando S. , Reale F. , Broersen S.
Published: January 2014

Supernova remnant shocks are strong candidates for being the source of energetic cosmic rays and hadron acceleration is expected to increase the shock compression ratio, providing higher post-shock densities. We exploited the deep observations of the XMM-Newton Large Program on SN 1006 to verify this prediction. Spatially resolved spectral analysis led us to detect X-ray emission from the shocked ambient medium in SN 1006 and to find that its density significantly increases in regions where particle acceleration is efficient. Our results provide evidence for the effects of acceleration of cosmic ray hadrons on the post-shock plasma in supernova remnants.
Three-dimensional simulations of the expanding remnant of SN 1987A
Authors: Potter Toby , Staveley-Smith Lister , Kirk John , Reville Brian , Bicknell Geoff , Sutherland Ralph , Wagner Alexander , Zanardo Giovanna
Published: January 2014

SNR 1987A is the expanding remnant from the brightest supernova since the invention of the telescope. The remnant has been monitored extensively in the radio at variety of wavelengths and provides a wealth of data on which to base a simulation. Questions to be answered include estimating the efficiency of particle acceleration at shock fronts, determining the cause of the one-sided radio morphology for SNR 1987A and investigating the gas properties of the pre-supernova environment. We attempt to address these questions using a fully three-dimensional model of SNR 1987A.
Optical observations of supernova 2012aw
Authors: Bose Subhash , Kumar Brijesh , Sutaria Firoza , Roy Rupak , Kumar Brajesh , Bhatt Vijay K. , Chakraborti Sayan
Published: January 2014

We present optical UBVRI photometric and low-resolution spectroscopic follow-up observations of a type II SN 2012aw in a nearby (~10 Mpc) galaxy M95 during 4 to 270 days post-explosion. The evolution characteristics of optical brightness and color are found to have striking similarity with the archetypal type IIP SN 1999em. The mid-plateau MV is −16.7 mag and the ejected nickel mass is ~0.06 M⊙. The presence and evolution of optical spectral features during 7d to 104d are also similar to SN 1999em as well as other normal type IIP events. The mid-plateau photospheric velocity is around 4200 km s−1 which is same as that of SN 2004et at similar phases, indicating similar energy of explosion i.e. 2 × 1051 erg s−1.
Using the environment to understand supernova properties
Authors: Galbany Lluís , Stanishev Vallery , Mourão Ana
Published: January 2014

We present three studies that use supernova (SN) environments within host galaxies (HGs) to constrain SNe properties. These studies are ordered from an indirect approximation to a direct determination of the environmental parameters of the SN. We find correlations between the galactocentric distance and several parameters measured from both the SN light-curve (LC) and the host galaxy spectroscopy. We are able to recover and strength previous results pointing to a sequence on the progenitor mass of different SN types. We also confirm no significant difference in the elemental abundances of the environment where different SN types exploded, measured with a more powerful technique such as Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS).
Multi-band optical light-curve behavior of core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Kumar Brijesh
Published: January 2014

We present survey results obtained from the UBVRI optical photometric follow-up of 19 bright core-collapse SNe during 2002-2012 using 1-m class optical telescopes operated by the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Science (acronym ARIES), Nainital India. This homogeneous set of data have been used to study behavior of optical light/color curve, and to gain insight into objet-to-object peculiarity. We derive integrated luminosities for types IIP, Ibc and luminous SNe. Two peculiar type IIP events having photometric properties similar to normal IIP and spectroscopic properties similar to sub-lumnious IIP have been identified.
A comparative study of GRB-Supernovae
Authors: Resmi Lekshmi , Misra Kuntal
Published: January 2014

Optical afterglow observations hold the indirect key to type-Ic Supernovae associated with Gamma Ray Bursts. In several cases where there is no spectroscopic confirmation available, presence of the supernova is inferred from the red bump seen in late afterglow light-curves. We do extensive afterglow modeling to extract the supernova contribution as residue. We compare the residual lightcurves of Supernovae associated with GRB041006, GRB030329, GRB050525A and GRB090618.
An XMM-Newton study of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant W28
Authors: Zhou Ping , Safi-Harb Samar , Chen Yang , Zhang Xiao
Published: January 2014

We perform an XMM-Newton study of the mixed-morphology supernova remnant (MMSNR) W28. The X-ray spectrum arising from the northeastern shell consists of a thermal component plus a non-thermal power-law component with a hard photon index (~1.5). Non-thermal bremsstrahlung is the most favourible origin of the hard X-ray emission. The gas in the SNR interior is centrally peaked and best described by a two-temperature thermal model. We found a non-uniform absorption column density and temperature profile for the central gas, indicating that the remnant is evolving in a non-uniform environment with denser material in the east. We argue that the cloudlet evaporation is an indispensable process to explain both the spectral properties and the clumpiness in the X-ray emission.
Kinematic Distances of SNRs W44 and 3C 391
Authors: Su Hongquan , Tian Wenwu , Zhu Hui , Xiang F. Y.
Published: January 2014

We extracted the neutral hydrogen absorption spectra of supernova remnants W44 (G34.7-0.4) and 3C 391 (G31.9+0.0) from the VLA Galactic Plane Survey data. The revised distance of W41 is about 3.3 kpc replacing the previous 3.0 kpc. Further, we confined the distance of G31.9+0.0 to about 7.2 kpc due to its interaction with its surrounding molecular clouds.
A combined GMRT/CLFST image of IC443 at 150 MHz
Authors: Mitra D. , Green D. A. , Rao A. Pramesh
Published: January 2014

IC443 is a relatively large Galactic (≈45 arcmin) SNR with a high radio surface brightness. It has fine scale structure down to arcsec scales, and so is difficult to image on all angular scales with a single instrument. Here observations of IC443 at 151 MHz made with both the GMRT and the CLFST are combined to give a composite image of IC443 on all scales from >45 arcmin down to ≈20 arcsec.
Fast-Expanding Hi Shells Associated with Supernova Remnants in the I-GALFA Survey
Authors: Park Geumsook , Koo Bon-Chul , Gibson Steven J. , Kang Ji-hyun
Published: January 2014

We examine excess emission at high positive and negative velocities toward known Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) in the “Inner-Galaxy Arecibo L-band Feed Array (I-GALFA)” Hi 21-cm survey data. The I-GALFA survey covers ℓ = 32° to 77°, and has a velocity range of ±700 km s−1 with high angular and velocity resolutions (4′ and 0.18 km s−1, respectively) and good sensitivity (0.2 K). The excess emission which is thought to be part of a fast-expanding Hi shell of a SNR is detected from four among 39 SNRs in the I-GALFA area: W44, G54.4–0.3, W51C, and CTB 80. Although the Hi shells of the four SNRs were already reported in low-resolution studies, the first detection of both sides of an expanding Hi shell associated with W44 is very inspiring. We discuss physical properties of these four SNRs and their statistical nature.
Observations of O vi Absorption from the Superbubbles of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Pradhan Ananta C. , Pathak Amit , Murthy Jayant , Ojha D. K.
Published: January 2014

We have presented the observations of O VI absorption at 1032 Å towards 22 sightlines in 10 superbubbles (SBs) of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using the data obtained from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). The estimated abundance of O VI in the SBs varies from a minimum of (1.09 ±0.22)×1014 atoms/cm2 in SB N206 to a maximum of (3.71±0.23)×1014 atoms/cm2 in SB N70. We find about a 46% excess in the abundance of O VI in the SBs compared to the non-SB lines of sight. Even inside a SB, O VI column density (N(O VI)) varies by about a factor of 2 to 2.5. These data are useful in understanding the nature of the hot gas in SBs.
Heavy Elements Produced in Supernova Explosion and thier Propulsion in the ISM
Authors: Baruah Rulee
Published: January 2014

We study the r-process path at temperatures from 1.0–3.0 × 109K and neutron number density from 1020-1030cm−3. At low density of 1020 cm−3 and T9 = 2.0, the path contains all the elements as given by experimental data of Wapstra et al. (2003). The element 98Cf254 shown by supernova light curves is found in our results. We take iron (Z = 26) as seed for calculation of abundances for supernova.
Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT): case reports from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alatiq Yousra
Published: January 2014

Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) focuses on the processes shared across disorders and can be applied to a wide range of mental health problems or comorbid conditions. The transdiagnostic approach provides the potential opportunity to improve access to CBT, particularly in countries such as Saudi Arabia, where the number of well-trained therapists is limited. This study aims to examine the feasibility and potential benefit of transdiagnostic CBT for Saudi patients. Case reports describe the outcome of transdiagnostic CBT for four female patients who presented a wide range of symptoms and conditions without conducting any specific diagnostic assessments. The results support the positive effect of this treatment method on depression, anxiety symptoms, and general functioning. Patient feedback and observable improvements also supported these outcomes. However, the results are limited by the small sample size and simple study design. Transdiagnostic CBT is a feasible treatment approach for patients in Saudi Arabia. However, to confirm this preliminary finding, more studies are required.
Design of multi-layered bandpass filter with independently controllable triple-passband response
Authors: Chen Yung-Wei , Wu Hung-Wei , Su Yan-Kuin
Published: January 2014

In this paper, a new multi-layered triple-passband bandpass filter using embedded and stub-loaded stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) is proposed. The filter is designed to have triple-passband at 1.8, 2.4, and 3.5 GHz. The 1st and 2nd passbands (1.8/2.4 GHz) are simultaneously generated by controlling the impedance and length ratios of the embedded SIRs (on top layer). The 3rd passband (3.5 GHz) is generated by using the stub-loaded SIR (on bottom layer). Using the embedded SIR, the even modes can be tuned within very wide frequency range and without affecting the odd modes. Therefore, the design of multi-band filters with very close passbands can be easily achieved and having a high isolation between the passbands. The filter can provide the multi-path propagation to enhance the frequency response and achieving the compact circuit size. The measured results are in good agreement with the full-wave electromagnetic simulation results.
Spatial Distribution of Perfusion Abnormality in Acute MCA Occlusion is Associated with Likelihood of Later Recanalization
Authors: Siemonsen Susanne , Forkert Nils Daniel , Hansen Anne , Kemmling Andre , Thomalla Götz , Fiehler Jens
Published: January 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate whether different spatial perfusion-deficit patterns, which indicate differing compensatory mechanisms, can be recognized and used to predict recanalization success of intravenous fibrinolytic therapy in acute stroke patients. Twenty-seven acute stroke data sets acquired within 6 hours from symptom onset including diffusion- (DWI) and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (PWI) were analyzed and dichotomized regarding recanalization outcome using time-of-flight follow-up data sets. The DWI data sets were used for calculation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and subsequent infarct core segmentation. A patient-individual three-dimensional (3D) shell model was generated based on the segmentation and used for spatial analysis of the ADC as well as cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow, time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (MTT) parameters derived from PWI. Skewness, kurtosis, area under the curve, and slope were calculated for each parameter curve and used for classification (recanalized/nonrecanalized) using a LogitBoost Alternating Decision Tree (LAD Tree). The LAD tree optimization revealed that only ADC skewness, CBV kurtosis, and MTT kurtosis are required for best possible prediction of recanalization success with a precision of 85%. Our results suggest that the propensity for macrovascular recanalization after intravenous fibrinolytic therapy depends not only on clot properties but also on distal microvascular bed perfusion. The 3D approach for characterization of perfusion parameters seems promising for further research.
Regional Neurovascular Coupling and Cognitive Performance in Those with Low Blood Pressure Secondary to High-Level Spinal Cord Injury: Improved by Alpha-1 Agonist Midodrine Hydrochloride
Authors: Phillips Aaron A , Warburton Darren ER , Ainslie Philip N , Krassioukov Andrei V
Published: January 2014

Individuals with high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) experience low blood pressure (BP) and cognitive impairments. Such dysfunction may be mediated in part by impaired neurovascular coupling (NVC) (i.e., cerebral blood flow responses to neurologic demand). Ten individuals with SCI > T6 spinal segment, and 10 age- and sex-matched controls were assessed for beat-by-beat BP, as well as middle and posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv, PCAv) in response to a NVC test. Tests were repeated in SCI after 10 mg midodrine (alpha1-agonist). Verbal fluency was measured before and after midodrine in SCI, and in the control group as an index of cognitive function. At rest, mean BP was lower in SCI (70 ± 10 versus 92 ± 14 mm Hg; P<0.05); however, PCAv conductance was higher (0.56 ± 0.13 versus 0.39 ± 0.15 cm/second/mm Hg; P<0.05). Controls exhibited a 20% increase in PCAv during cognition; however, the response in SCI was completely absent ( P<0.01). When BP was increased with midodrine, NVC was improved 70% in SCI, which was reflected by a 13% improved cognitive function ( P<0.05). Improvements in BP were related to improved cognitive function in those with SCI ( r2 = 0.52; P<0.05). Impaired NVC, secondary to low BP, may partially mediate reduced cognitive function in individuals with high-level SCI.
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Enhances Microglial Cell Recruitment after Stroke in Mice
Authors: Lenglet Sébastien , Montecucco Fabrizio , Denes Adam , Coutts Graham , Pinteaux Emmanuel , Mach François , Schaller Karl , Gasche Yvan , Copin Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2014

The effect of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) on neuroinflammation after stroke remains largely unknown. Here, we tested the effect of rtPA on expression of cellular adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines, and compared those with levels of inflammatory cell recruitment, brain injury, and mortality over 3 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Mortality was dramatically increased after rtPA treatment compared with saline treatment during the first day of reperfusion. Among the animals that survived, rtPA significantly increased CCL3 expression, microglia recruitment, and cerebral infarction 6 hours after MCAO. In contrast, the extent of neutrophils and macrophages infiltration in the brain was similar in both saline- and rtPA-treated animals. Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator induced II 1b and Tnf expression, 6 and 72 hours after MCAO, respectively, and dramatically reduced interleukin 6 (IL-6) level 24 hours after reperfusion. A dose response study confirmed the effect of rtPA on CCL3 and II1b expressions. The effect was similar at the doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg. In conclusion, we report for the first time that rtPA amplified microglia recruitment early after stroke in association with a rapid CCL3 production. This early response may take part in the higher susceptibility of rtPA-treated animals to reperfusion injury.
Constraint-induced sound therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss – behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes
Authors: Okamoto Hidehiko , Fukushima Munehisa , Teismann Henning , Lagemann Lothar , Kitahara Tadashi , Inohara Hidenori , Kakigi Ryusuke , Pantev Christo
Published: January 2014

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by acute, idiopathic hearing deterioration. We report here the development and evaluation of “constraint-induced sound therapy”, which is based on a well-established neuro-rehabilitation approach and which is characterized by the plugging of the intact ear (“constraint”) and the simultaneous, extensive stimulation of the affected ear with music. The sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients who received the constraint-induced sound therapy in addition to the standard corticosteroid therapy showed significantly better recovery of hearing function compared to those who had only received corticosteroid treatments. Additionally, the brain activity obtained in a subgroup of patients suggested that the constraint-induced sound therapy could have prevented maladaptive auditory cortex reorganization. Constraint-induced sound therapy thus appears to be an effective, practical and safe treatment option for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Multiple technical routes to obtain a proteomics expression profile of French liver samples
Authors: Jin Hong , Zhang Yang , Xie Liqi , Shen Huali , Fang Caiyun , Lu Haojie , Gao Mingxia , Fan Huizhi , Yang Penyuan
Published: January 2014

In order to maximize protein identification and to compare different analyses, multiple technical routes were used for proteome profiling of French liver samples.
A novel example of double 6-exo-trig heterocyclization: nitrile conversion to new anticancer active (HeLa cells) primary amine ionic liquids
Authors: Prodius Denis , Shah Hamid Saeed , Iqbal Jamshed , Macaeva Anastasia , Dimoglo Anatoli , Kostakis George E. , Zill Nicolas , Macaev Fliur , Powell Annie K.
Published: January 2014

Conversion of nitriles under mild conditions leads to a new class of primary amine ionic liquids, acting as efficient anticancer agents.
Syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of five coordination polymers constructed from biphenyl-3,4′,5-tricarboxylic acid and (bis)imidazole linkers
Authors: Zhang Xiutang , Fan Liming , Zhang Wei , Fan Weiliu , Sun Liming , Zhao Xian
Published: January 2014

Five coordination polymers (CPs) based on biphenyl-3,4′,5-tricarboxylic acid and bis(imdizole) bridging linkers were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions.
Functionalized aminocarboxylate moieties as linkers for coordination polymers: influence of the substituents in the dimensionality of the final structure
Authors: Fernández-Palacio Francisco , Restrepo Jimmy , Gálvez Santos , Gómez-Sal Pilar , Mosquera Marta E. G.
Published: January 2014

The OH group in the ring hampers the generation of CPs due to the formation of strong intermolecular interaction motifs.
Microkinetics of oxygenate formation in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction
Authors: van Santen Rutger A. , Ghouri Minhaj , Hensen Emiel M. J.
Published: January 2014

Selective formation of long chain oxygenates from synthesis gas comes at the cost of increased methane formation.
Gadolinium-containing endohedral fullerenes: structures and function as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents
Authors: Ghiassi Kamran B. , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L.
Published: January 2014

The structures and properties of gadolinium-containing endohedral fullerenes as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are reviewed here.
Synthesis of 6-substituted phenanthridines by metal-free, visible-light induced aerobic oxidative cyclization of 2-isocyanobiphenyls with hydrazines
Authors: Xiao Tiebo , Li Linyong , Lin Guoliang , Wang Qile , Zhang Ping , Mao Zong-wan , Zhou Lei
Published: January 2014

Irradiation of hydrazines and 2-isocyanobiphenyls with visible-light in the presence of organic dye eosin B generates various 6-substituted phenanthridines in good yields.
The structure based design of dual HDAC/BET inhibitors as novel epigenetic probes
Authors: Atkinson Stephen J. , Soden Peter E. , Angell Davina C. , Bantscheff Marcus , Chung Chun-wa , Giblin Kathryn A. , Smithers Nicholas , Furze Rebecca C. , Gordon Laurie , Drewes Gerard , Rioja Inmaculada , Witherington Jason , Parr Nigel J. , Prinjha Rab K.
Published: January 2014

DUAL946 (1) inhibits BET and HDAC proteins in chemoproteomic cell lysate experiments and in immune and cancer cells.
Tunable multiferroic and bistable/complementary resistive switching properties of dilutely Li-doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles: an effect of aliovalent substitution
Authors: Shirolkar Mandar M. , Hao Changshan , Dong Xiaolei , Guo Ting , Zhang Lei , Li Ming , Wang Haiqian
Published: January 2014

Multiferroic and resistive switching properties of BiFeO3 nanoparticles were improved by dilute aliovalent Li1+ doping.
Synthesis and optimizable electrochemical performance of reduced graphene oxide wrapped mesoporous TiO2 microspheres
Authors: Yan Xiao , Li Yanjuan , Du Fei , Zhu Kai , Zhang Yongquan , Su Anyu , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin
Published: January 2014

A facile synthesis method for reduced graphene oxide wrapped mesoporous TiO2 mircospheres, which show excellent electrochemical performance, at 60 C rate, and a high discharge capacity of 83.6 mA h g−1.
o-Benzenedisulfonimide as a recyclable cationic organocatalyst for the controlled/living ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone
Authors: Jin Yu , Ji Yufeng , He Xiaojiang , Kan Suli , Xia Haidong , Liang Binqi , Chen Jia , Wu Hao , Guo Kai , Li Zhenjiang
Published: January 2014

A safe, recyclable, and water-tolerant Brønsted acid o-benzenedisulfonimide (OBS) catalyzed ROP of lactones in a living/controlled manner.
Mg-doped TiO2 nanorods improving open-circuit voltages of ammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Manseki K. , Ikeya T. , Tamura A. , Ban T. , Sugiura T. , Yoshida T.
Published: January 2014

Mg-doped TiO2 nanorods were synthesized from colloidal titanate by a microwave hydrothermal reaction. Use of such TiO2 having an elevated conduction band edge as an electron extracting material for ammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells resulted in a marked improvement of Voc.
The ON/OFF switching by metal ions of the “Sergeants and Soldiers” chiral amplification effect on helical poly(phenylacetylene)s
Authors: Bergueiro Julián , Freire Félix , Wendler Edison P. , Seco José M. , Quiñoá Emilio , Riguera Ricardo
Published: January 2014

Chiral amplification can be switched ON/OFF to both helical senses by the presence/absence of metal ions in copolymers of poly(phenylacetylene)s.
SnO2 nano-rods with superior CO oxidation performance
Authors: Wang Xiang , Xiao Lihong , Peng Honggen , Liu Wenming , Xu Xianglan
Published: January 2014

SnO2 with a nano-rod morphology shows a superior catalytic performance over SnO2 with other morphologies for CO oxidation. The SnO2-rods’ catalytic behavior is very similar to that of a noble metal catalyst.
The influence of microstructure on charge separation dynamics in organic bulk heterojunction materials for solar cell applications
Authors: Scarongella M. , Paraecattil A. A. , Buchaca-Domingo E. , Douglas J. D. , Beaupré S. , McCarthy-Ward T. , Heeney M. , Moser J.-E. , Leclerc M. , Fréchet J. M. J. , Stingelin N. , Banerji N.
Published: January 2014

We show a strong correlation of the charge separation dynamics by electron and hole transfer with the solid-state microstructure of organic bulk heterojunction materials.
AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles decorated on graphene nanosheets: their green synthesis, growth mechanism and high catalytic ability in 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Cai Zhixiong , Chen Xi , Oyama Munetaka
Published: January 2014

Clean and ultrafine AuPdNPs on GNs are prepared by a spontaneous redox method and used as a catalyst for 4-nitrophenol reduction.
RuO2/rutile-TiO2: a superior catalyst for N2O decomposition
Authors: Lin Qingquan , Huang Yanqiang , Wang Yong , Li Lin , Liu Xiao Yan , Lv Fei , Wang Aiqin , Li Wen-Cui , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2014

RuO2/rutile-TiO2, with a structure of RuO2 thin film coating on rutile-TiO2, displays a remarkable activity and stability in N2O decomposition.
An organic nanowire waveguide exciton–polariton sub-microlaser and its photonic application
Authors: Liao Qing , Xu Zhenzhen , Zhong Xiaolan , Dang Wei , Shi Qiang , Zhang Chao , Weng Yuxiang , Li Zhiyuan , Fu Hongbing
Published: January 2014

We demonstrate a waveguide exciton–polariton (WGEP) sub-microlaser from a built-in Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity based on self-assembled organic nanowires (ONWs) of 1,4-chloride-2,5-di[4′-(methlthio)styryl-benzene (CDSB).
Influence of elastase on alanine-rich peptide hydrogels
Authors: Castelletto V. , Gouveia R. J. , Connon C. J. , Hamley I. W. , Seitsonen J. , Ruokolainen J. , Longo E. , Siligardi G.
Published: January 2014

The self-assembly of the alanine-rich amphiphilic peptides Lys(Ala)6Lys (KA6K) and Lys(Ala)6Glu (KA6E) with homotelechelic or heterotelechelic charged termini respectively has been investigated in aqueous solution. The latter forms enzyme-degradable hydrogels.
Fluorous enzymatic synthesis of phosphatidylinositides
Authors: Huang Weigang , Proctor Angela , Sims Christopher E. , Allbritton Nancy L. , Zhang Qisheng
Published: January 2014

Fluorous enzymatic synthesis is used to synthesize multiple phosphatidylinositides, which are directly immobilized on a microarray to probe protein–lipid interactions.
Self-organization of calcium oxalate by flow-driven precipitation
Authors: Bohner Bíborka , Schuszter Gábor , Berkesi Ottó , Horváth Dezső , Tóth Ágota
Published: January 2014

In the calcium-oxalate system fast kinetics with flow leads to the enrichment of the thermodynamically unstable dihydrate crystalline form.
Complexation-induced inversion of helicity by an organic guest in a dynamic molecular propeller based on a tristerephthalamide host with a two-layer structure
Authors: Katoono Ryo , Fujiwara Kenshu , Suzuki Takanori
Published: January 2014

A tristerephthalamide host exhibited two helical geometries with (M)- and (P)-helicity, respectively, in terms of the twisting direction of a two-layer structure, and the helical preference switched upon complexation with a ditopic guest.
Electron transfer through coordination bond interaction between single molecules: conductance switching by a metal ion
Authors: Bui Phuc Tan , Nishino Tomoaki
Published: January 2014

Metal-coordination bond interaction within molecular junctions was revealed to significantly facilitate electron transfer between single molecules. Such facilitation was utilized to construct bistable molecular switches activated by a single metal ion.
Fluorescent conjugated polymers based on thiocarbonyl quinacridone for sensing mercury ion and bioimaging
Authors: Qu Yi , Zhang Xinran , Wu Yongquan , Li Fuyou , Hua Jianli
Published: January 2014

Highly sensitive FRET-based thiocarbonyl quinacridone fluorescent conjugated polymers for the sensing and bioimaging of mercury ion have been developed.
Self-assembled ultra-small zinc stannate nanocrystals with mesoscopic voids via a salicylate templating pathway and their photocatalytic properties
Authors: Kumari Vandana , Patra Astam K. , Bhaumik Asim
Published: January 2014

Self-assembled ultra small zinc stannate nanocrystals with mesoscopic void spaces show high photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of Rhodamine B.
Environmentally friendly biomaterials as an interfacial layer for highly efficient and air-stable inverted organic solar cells
Authors: Nie Riming , Li Aiyuan , Deng Xianyu
Published: January 2014

Peptides present a low cost and environmentally friendly route to facilitate the fabrication of organic solar cells.
Simple scheme to increase hold voltage for silicon‐controlled rectifier
Authors: Hung Chung‐Yu , Kao Tzu‐Cheng , Lee Jian‐Hsing , Gong Jeng , Huang Tsung‐Yi , Su Hung‐Der , Chang Kuo‐Cheng , Huang Chih‐Fang , Lo Kuo‐Hsuan
Published: January 2014

A simple scheme is proposed to increase the hold voltage and not change the original trigger voltage of a silicon‐controlled rectifier (SCR) to enhance its latch‐up immunity without changing the device dimensions. It is found that using the lightly doped P‐diffusion instead of the highly doped P+ diffusion as the P emitter of the anode can increase the hold voltage of an SCR.
Efficient ℓq regularisation algorithm with range–azimuth decoupled for SAR imaging
Authors: Jiang C.L. , Zhang B.C. , Fang J. , Zhe Z. , Hong W. , Wu Y.R. , Xu Z.B.
Published: January 2014

The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging methods based on compressive sensing endure great computational complexity since they have to deal with a large measurement matrix when processing the raw data. An efficient ℓq regularisation algorithm for SAR imaging is proposed, which uses a decoupling operator constructed by means of chirp scaling. It can reduce the computational complexity from the square order to the linear logarithm order compared with the conventional ℓq regularisation‐based imaging algorithm while preserving the equivalent imaging quality. The proposed algorithm is efficient in the sense that it allows reconstruction of the sparse scenes with the sub‐sampling data.
CDS circuit with 0 to 18 dB, 9‐bit VGA functionality
Authors: Zhuang Haoyu , Zhu Zhangming , Yang Yintang , Liu Lianxi
Published: January 2014

For processing charge coupled device (CCD) signals, a correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit must be used to eliminate noise. Usually, the amplitude of the CCD signals is uncertain, either too small or too large, hence a variable‐gain amplifier (VGA) is also needed to amplify the CCD signals. Traditionally, the CDS and the VGA are separated, each of which consumes much energy and large area. If only the CDS and the VGA would be combined together, much energy and area could be saved. Hence, a CDS with VGA functionality is proposed to achieve this goal. Besides, the VGA functionality provides a gain range of 0–18 dB, programmable with a 9 bit resolution, which is far better than the traditional ones. Also, the VGA gain curve follows a linear‐in‐dB characteristic, hence the VGA functionality has rather good linearity. Finally, the VGA gain curve demonstrates the good performance of the VGA functionality.
Memcapacitive neural networks
Authors: Pershin Y.V. , Di Ventra M.
Published: January 2014

It is shown that memcapacitive (memory capacitive) systems can be used as synapses in artificial neural networks. As an example of the proposed approach, the architecture of an integrate‐and‐fire neural network based on memcapacitive synapses is discussed. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity can be simply realised with some of these devices. Memcapacitive synapses are a low‐energy alternative to memristive synapses for neuromorphic computation.
Low‐power 77–81 GHz CMOS LNA with excellent matching for automotive radars
Authors: Lin Y.‐S. , Lee G.‐L. , Wang C.‐C.
Published: January 2014

A low‐power and wideband three‐stage 77–81 GHz low‐noise amplifier (LNA) using standard 90 nm CMOS technology is reported. The T‐match technique is utilised to achieve simultaneously wideband input and output impedance matching, wideband power gain (S21) and a wideband noise figure (NF). The LNA consumes 21.1 mW, achieving S11 better than −10 dB for the frequencies 62.3–82.4 GHz, S22 better than −10 dB for the frequencies 62.8–84.6 GHz, S12 better than −29 dB for the frequencies 72–84 GHz and a group delay variation smaller than ±4 ps for the frequencies 77–81 GHz. In addition, high and flat S21 of 13.1 ± 1.5 dB is achieved for the frequencies 72–84 GHz, which means the corresponding 3 dB bandwidth is 12 GHz. Furthermore, the LNA achieves a minimum NF of 6.2 dB at 78 GHz and a NF of 6.8 ± 0.6 dB for the frequencies 75–82 GHz, one of the best NF results ever reported for a CMOS LNA for 77–81 GHz automotive radar applications.
AlN/AlGaN HEMTs on AlN substrate for stable high‐temperature operation
Authors: Yafune N. , Hashimoto S. , Akita K. , Yamamoto Y. , Tokuda H. , Kuzuhara M.
Published: January 2014

An AlN/AlGaN high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) fabricated on a free‐standing AlN substrate is demonstrated. A metal stack, composed of Zr/Al/Mo/Au, was found to show low contact resistivity for source and drain ohmic contacts. The fabricated AlN/AlGaN HEMT exhibited a maximum drain current of 38 mA/mm with a threshold voltage of −3.4 V. Negligible drain current degradation was observed at temperatures from 300 to 573 K, demonstrating that an AlN/AlGaN approach on an AlN substrate is promising for stable high‐temperature operation.
Activation of Mg implanted in GaN by multicycle rapid thermal annealing
Authors: Anderson T.J. , Feigelson B.N. , Kub F.J. , Tadjer M.J. , Hobart K.D. , Mastro M.A. , Hite J.K. , Eddy C.R.
Published: January 2014

A long‐standing goal of GaN device research has been the development of a reliable, well‐controlled process for p‐GaN formation by ion implantation. Results to date have indicated an activation of 1% or less using high‐temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA) techniques and coimplantation. Although Mg is a relatively deep acceptor, this is still much less than the theoretically achievable value (8.2% based on the 160 meV acceptor level). A multicycle RTA process is presented that is capable of achieving up to 8% activation of the Mg‐implanted GaN. This approaches the theoretical value, and represents a significant step in GaN device research.
Perfect symbol recovery and NBI suppression in MIMO‐OFDM systems
Authors: Darsena D. , Gelli G. , Verde F.
Published: January 2014

It is shown that by exploiting the degrees of freedom arising from the use of multiple antennas and/or insertion of virtual carriers in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, perfect symbol recovery and complete narrowband interference (NBI) cancellation can be achieved in the absence of noise by means of constrained minimum mean‐output‐energy linear filtering. Moreover, a nonlinear iterative scheme is proposed to improve NBI rejection in realistic operative conditions.
MASH ΣΔ modulator with highly reduced in‐band quantisation noise
Authors: Khazaeili B. , Yavari M.
Published: January 2014

A novel class of multi‐stage noise‐shaping ΣΔ modulators is presented. The proposed structure achieves a one‐order higher noise‐shaping than the modulator's order only by using two extra analogue paths. The noise transfer function zero optimisation is achieved by adjusting a single coefficient in the proposed modulator. Hence, with a minimal extra circuit, the signal‐to‐noise and distortion ratio is significantly increased compared with the conventional cascaded modulator. Analytical calculations and simulation results are provided to verify the usefulness of the proposed modulator.
Performance of channel adaptive random access with imperfect channel reciprocity
Authors: Ryu In‐gil , Moon Hichan
Published: January 2014

The performance of channel adaptive random access is investigated with imperfect channel reciprocity between the forward channel gain at the measurement time and the reverse channel gain at the random access packet transmission time.
LDO compensation with variable Miller series resistance
Authors: Hinojo J. , Luján‐Martínez C. , Torralba A.
Published: January 2014

A new compensation method for low dropout (LDO) voltage regulators is proposed, where the series resistor of the conventional Miller compensation changes with the load current to track the variations in the first non‐dominant pole.
Ferroelectret film‐based patch‐type sensor for continuous blood pressure monitoring
Authors: Noh S. , Yoon C. , Hyun E. , Yoon H.N. , Chung T.J. , Park K.S. , Kim H.C.
Published: January 2014

A thin, flexible and skin‐attachable sensor for continuous monitoring of blood pressure is reported. The sensor was fabricated as a layered structure of ferroelectret film, specially designed electrodes and a flexible electronic circuit, which together enable simultaneous measurement of ballistocardiogram and an electrocardiogram on the human chest with minimal discomfort. To investigate the feasibility of continuous blood pressure monitoring, systolic blood pressure was estimated using the RJ interval, which is computed as the time delay between the R peak of the electrocardiogram and the J peak of the ballistocardiogram. The results indicate that the estimated systolic blood pressures are in excellent agreement with the reference values, achieving an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95 (P < 0.01), and complying with the recommended guidelines from the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation in the United States and the British Hypertension Society.
Design of dual‐band microwave duplexers
Authors: Zhou Rongguo , Zhang Zhongxiang , Chen Chang , Zhang Hualiang
Published: January 2014

The design and implementation of dual‐band duplexers is presented. The proposed method works well for duplexers with narrow bandwidths and it gives the designers the flexibility to achieve desired return loss levels at different frequency bands. To verify the design concept, dual‐band duplexers based on cavity‐type resonator topologies are designed, fabricated and tested. Good agreement is achieved between the theoretical synthesis results, the simulation results and the measurement results of the duplexer prototype.
Wideband probe‐type microstrip‐to‐waveguide transition integrated in LTCC
Authors: Tajima T. , Song H.‐J. , Yaita M.
Published: January 2014

A wideband probe‐type microstrip‐to‐waveguide transition integrated in a low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) is presented and experimentally verified. To enhance the bandwidth, an air‐hole matching structure besides the probe is buried in an LTCC substrate, which is implemented by drilling square holes on different substrate layers. The microstrip‐to‐waveguide transition is fabricated to verify a design with compact size. The measured results show a good agreement with simulated results.
Differential orthogonal space‐time block codes for four transmit antennas
Authors: Ben Slimane E. , Jarboui S. , Bouallègue A.
Published: January 2014

A new high‐order differential space‐time block code (DSTBC) is introduced as an attractive alternative to the well‐known coherent space‐time block code (STBC) by providing both full space‐time diversity and blind detection. A differential detection based on the orthogonal STBC scheme is proposed. The proposed differential scheme is a generalisation of the recent DSTBC already designed for two transmit antennas. The proposed differential encoder consists of a specific trellis diagram that creates a positive correlation between successive differential data. At the receiver side, the well‐known Viterbi algorithm is applied using a specific metric that nearly compensates for the 3 dB penalty commonly introduced by the symbol by symbol differential schema, and shows a 0.5 dB performance loss only from the coherent STBC scheme.
Small electrical metamaterial antenna based on coupled electric field resonator with enhanced bandwidth
Authors: Bala B.D. , Rahim M.K.A. , Murad N.A.
Published: January 2014

A small electrical metamaterial (MTM) antenna, based on a modified electrical coupled resonator for bandwidth enhancement, is presented. The bandwidth enhancement is achieved using a modified electric coupled (MELC) resonator as the antenna's main radiating element. This modification is achieved using two strip lines placed below a conventional electric coupled (CELC) resonator. The measured impedance bandwidth at −10 dB is 20.7% at a resonance frequency of 2.62 GHz. The design is validated by experimental results, and the proposed antenna is suitable for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMax) applications (2.5–2.69 GHz).
Identification of p.W246L As a Novel Mutation in the GP1BA Gene Responsible for Platelet-Type von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Woods Adriana , Sanchez-Luceros Analia , Bermejo Emilse , Paiva Juvenal , Alberto Maria , Grosso Silvia , Kempfer Ana , Lazzari Maria
Published: January 2014

Platelet-type von Willebrand disease (PT-VWD) and type 2B von Willebrand disease (2B-VWD) are rare bleeding disorders characterized by increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) at low concentrations of ristocetin. Diagnosis of either condition is not easy and the differential diagnosis between the two entities is especially challenging as evidenced by high levels of misdiagnosis of both conditions, but particularly PT-VWD. Five mutations in the GP1BA gene related to PT-VWD and less than 50 patients are currently reported worldwide. We herein describe a patient with severe bleeding symptoms, macrothrombocytopenia, mild spontaneous platelet aggregation, positive RIPA at 0.3 and 0.4 mg/mL, von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo) to antigen (VWF:Ag) < 0.2, normal VWF propeptide/VWF:Ag ratio, and RIPA mixing tests and cryoprecipitate challenge positive for PT-VWD. GP1BA gene was studied in the patient, in his mother, and in 100 healthy control subjects. We identified a heterozygous substitution G > T located at nucleotide 3805 in the g.DNA of the patient's GP1BA gene, resulting in a Trp to Leu amino acid change at residue 246 (p.W246L). This mutation was absent in his unaffected mother and also in the 100 controls, and was predicted as damaging by in silico analysis. The residue W246 is located within the VWF-binding region and exists in a strongly conserved position in the phylogenetic tree, which is expected to be unable to tolerate substitutions without changing its functional characteristics. These findings argue strongly in favor of the view that this substitution does not represent a polymorphism and is therefore responsible for the PT-VWD phenotype of the patient.
Reactive ZnO/Ti/ZnO interfaces studied by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Knut Ronny , Lindblad Rebecka , Grachev Sergey , Faou Jean-Yvon , Gorgoi Mihaela , Rensmo Håkan , Søndergård Elin , Karis Olof
Published: January 2014

The chemistry and intermixing at buried interfaces in sputter deposited ZnO/Ti/ZnO thin layers were studied by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The long mean free path of the photoelectrons allowed for detailed studies of the oxidation state, band bending effects, and intrinsic doping of the buried interfaces. Oxidation of the Ti layer was observed when ZnO was deposited on top. When Ti is deposited onto ZnO, Zn Auger peaks acquire a metallic character indicating a strong reduction of ZnO at the interface. Annealing of the stack at 200 °C results in further reduction of ZnO and oxidation of Ti. Above 300 °C, oxygen transport from the bulk of the ZnO layer takes place, leading to re-oxidation of ZnO at the interface and further oxidation of Ti layer. Heating above 500 °C leads to an intermixing of the layers and the formation of a ZnxTiOy compound.