bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrinsically Stretchable Emissive Layer for Green and Red Phosphorescent OLEDs: Small Molecules Blended with SEBS Elastomer
Authors: Ha Hyein , Kim Jaeseung , Shim Young Jae , Irfan Aqsa , Nimbalkar Ajay , Elumalai Ramachandran , Le Thi Na , Kim Hyunjung , Suh Min Chul
Published: September 2023

In the field of stretchable electronics, intrinsically stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (IS‐OLEDs) are considered to be essential units. However, research on stretchable electroluminescent layers for light‐emitting devices is limited. The most common method to obtain an effective stretchable emitting layer is blending a conjugated polymer with an elastomer. In this study, blending small molecules with a thermoplastic styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) elastomer to fabricate a stretchable emitting layer is proposed. The mechanical, electrical, and morphological properties of the blended films are studied. The results show that the blended films can be stretched up to 200% without any morphological change such as cracking or particle shedding. Additionally, an OLED is fabricated with a stretchable electroluminescent layer and demonstrated its functionality.
Performance Optimization of a Thermoelectric‐Water Hybrid Cooling Garment
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Wei‐Di , Sun Wei , Wang De‐Zhuang , Yin Liang‐Cao , Li Meng , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Liu Qingfeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: September 2023

Personal cooling garment can effectively prevent human from heat injury and realize global energy saving. However, it is hard to optimize the system with simultaneously realize thermal comfort and high coefficient of performance. To overcome this challenge, a thermoelectric‐water hybrid cooling garment is designed. The key performance indicators of personal cooling garments and experimentally demonstrate the necessity of hybridizing thermoelectric cooler with the employed water cooling garment is first analyzed . Correspondingly, the influence of inlet temperature and volume flow rate are studied and optimized step by step. Finally, under the optimized inlet temperature of 24 °C and the volume flow rate of 5 L h−1, employing water as the cooling media, a coefficient of performance of 1.31 can be approached at the working time ranging from 10 to 60 min. This study demonstrates that the thermoelectric‐water hybrid cooling garment technology can realize an effective cooling with simultaneously high coefficient of performance and maintain thermal comfort.
Photo‐Controllable Persistent Luminescence in Doped Polymers for Reversible High‐Resolution Patterning and Multiple Stimuli‐Response
Authors: Jin Longming , Chen Jinqing , Sun Jie , Mo Wanqi , Zheng Yuewei , Hong Wei
Published: September 2023

The unique properties of pure organic persistent luminescent materials have inspired extensive research in optoelectronics and biological applications. However, it is still challenging to dynamically manipulate organic persistent luminescence. In this work, a photo‐controllable persistent luminescence system is developed by incorporating an acridone derivative within poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) matrices from aqueous media. The doped polymer shows persistent luminescence consisting of phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence with an afterglow efficiency of 17.6% and a lifetime of 687 ms under ambient conditions. Importantly, the system shows sensitive and reversible photo‐induced attenuation of both steady‐state luminescence and afterglow as a result of radical generations, leading to re‐printable patterning by a mask lithography with a resolution of ≈3.7 µm line width. Moreover, the dual mode afterglow emission and the hydrophilic PVA matrices endow the system time‐, temperature‐ and humidity‐dependent afterglow, enabling multiple stimuli‐response. Given a high‐resolution patterning capability and water‐solubility, the system can not only serve as inks and paints but also as rewritable substrates for micro‐patterning, providing a new perspective to various applications such as optical encryption, data storage, and sensors.
Depolymerization of Polyester and Polycarbonate Waste using HBpin and Cheap Zinc Catalysts
Authors: Branco Tamára A. H. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: September 2023

This work describes a novel method for the efficient reductive depolymerization of polyester and polycarbonate plastic waste using pinacolborane (HBpin) catalyzed by Zn(OAc)2.2H2O and Zn(OTf)2. This method is applied to a variety of plastic waste and has the advantages of combining the use of non‐toxic, cheap, and commercially available catalysts with a mild, easy‐to‐handle reducing agent, with excellent yields, under mild reaction conditions.
Photo‐Chemical Stimulation of Neurons with Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Savva Achilleas , Hama Adel , Herrera‐López Gabriel , Schmidt Tony , Migliaccio Ludovico , Steiner Nadia , Kawan Malak , Fiumelli Hubert , Magistretti Pierre J. , McCulloch Iain , Baran Derya , Gasparini Nicola , Schindl Rainer , Głowacki Eric D. , Inal Sahika
Published: September 2023

Recent advances in light‐responsive materials enabled the development of devices that can wirelessly activate tissue with light. Here it is shown that solution‐processed organic heterojunctions can stimulate the activity of primary neurons at low intensities of light via photochemical reactions. The p‐type semiconducting polymer PDCBT and the n‐type semiconducting small molecule ITIC (a non‐fullerene acceptor) are coated on glass supports, forming a p–n junction with high photosensitivity. Patch clamp measurements show that low‐intensity white light is converted into a cue that triggers action potentials in primary cortical neurons. The study shows that neat organic semiconducting p–n bilayers can exchange photogenerated charges with oxygen and other chemical compounds in cell culture conditions. Through several controlled experimental conditions, photo‐capacitive, photo‐thermal, and direct hydrogen peroxide effects on neural function are excluded, with photochemical delivery being the possible mechanism. The profound advantages of low‐intensity photo‐chemical intervention with neuron electrophysiology pave the way for developing wireless light‐based therapy based on emerging organic semiconductors.
A Photomechanical Film in which Liquid Crystal Design Shifts the Absorption into the Visible Light Range
Authors: Schultzke Sven , Scheuring Nikolai , Puylaert Pim , Lehmann Matthias , Staubitz Anne
Published: September 2023

Liquid crystalline polymer networks (LCN) with azobenzene monomers bend reversibly under UV‐light irradiation, combining photomechanical and photothermal effects. However, the harmful nature of UV‐light limits their use in biology and soft robotics. Although visible light‐absorbing tetra‐ortho‐fluoro‐substituted azobenzenes exist, liquid crystalline monomers have never been prepared. Previously, such azobenzenes were added as photoactive additives (up to 10%) to otherwise passive liquid crystalline polymer networks. In this work, a molecular design of a liquid crystalline, polymerizable azobenzene switchable by visible light is presented. The monomer assembles in a highly fluid nematic phase, but polymerizes in a layered smectic C phase. The films are produced solely from the monomer without additional liquid crystalline components and are actuated with visible light. Bending experiments in air and under water differentiate photomechanical and photothermal effects. Remarkably, a 60 µm splay aligned film maintains its deformation for hours, slowly reverting over days. Monomer liquid crystallinity is characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and polarized optical microscopy (POM); polymer films are analyzed using WAXS and DSC on a homogeneously aligned film. The synthetic procedure is high yielding and polymer film fabrication is scalable, which enables the use of safe and efficient photomechanical LCNs in soft robotics, engineering and biology.
Near‐Field Photodetection in Direction Tunable Surface Plasmon Polaritons Waveguides Embedded with Graphene
Authors: Wu Chia‐Hung , Ku Chih‐Jen , Yu Min‐Wen , Yang Jhen‐Hong , Wu Pei‐Yuan , Huang Chen‐Bin , Lu Tien‐Chang , Huang Jer‐Shing , Ishii Satoshi , Chen Kuo‐Ping
Published: September 2023

2D materials have manifested themselves as key components toward compact integrated circuits. Because of their capability to circumvent the diffraction limit, light manipulation using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is highly‐valued. In this study, plasmonic photodetection using graphene as a 2D material is investigated. Non‐scattering near‐field detection of SPPs is implemented via monolayer graphene stacked under an SPP waveguide with a symmetric antenna. Energy conversion between radiation power and electrical signals is utilized for the photovoltaic and photoconductive processes of the gold‐graphene interface and biased electrodes, measuring a maximum photoresponsivity of 29.2 mA W−1. The generated photocurrent is altered under the polarization state of the input light, producing a 400% contrast between the maximum and minimum signals. This result is universally applicable to all on‐chip optoelectronic circuits.
Controllable Friction on Graphene via Adjustable Interfacial Contact Quality
Authors: Wang Wen , Zhang Yu , Li Zhihong , Qian Linmao
Published: September 2023

Despite the numerous unique properties revealed through tribology research on graphene, the development of applications that utilize its rich tribological properties remains a long‐sought goal. In this article, a novel approach for reversible patterning of graphene's frictional properties using out‐of‐plane mechanical tapping is presented. The friction force between the atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and the graphene film is increased by up to a factor of two, which can be attributed to variations in the interfacial binding strength between the graphene and substrate through the tapping process. The reversible and repeatable frictional properties of graphene make it a promising material for information storage applications with a high storage capacity of ≈1600 GB inch−2, allowing for direct writing and erasing of information, akin to a blackboard. These findings highlight the potential for friction tuning in lamellar materials and emphasize the significance of understanding nanoscale friction on graphene surfaces.
Constructing Efficient Mg(CF3SO3)2 Electrolyte via Tailoring Solvation and Interface Chemistry for High‐Performance Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Duo , Wang Yaru , Yang Yang , Zhang Yang , Zhao Yazhen , Pan Ming , Sun Yukun , Chen Shaopeng , Liu Xiaoshuo , Wang Jiulin , NuLi Yanna
Published: September 2023

Non‐passivating and chlorine‐free electrolytes are crucial for making rechargeable magnesium batteries practically feasible. Rational design of a brand‐new electrolyte should balance both Mg salt and solvent considering that the interfacial reactions occurring at electrolyte/electrode interface involve with ion solvation structure. Herein, nitrogenous 2‐methoxyethylamine (MOEA) is employed as co‐solvent to regulate the coordination behavior of cations/anions in Mg(CF3SO3)2‐G2 electrolyte after a series of screenings, which enables significantly ameliorated physiochemical properties. In‐depth insight on the mechanism of MOEA participating in the solvation structure formation and interfacial reactions is deduced via density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The decompositions of MOEA‐tailored cationic/anionic complexes shield Mg anode and Mo6S8 cathode with Mg3N2 and CxNy‐rich layers, respectively, which enable to suppress side reaction and accelerate Mg2+ transportation with competing desolvation at the interfacial layer. All the merits endow remarkable performances of symmetric/asymmetric cells with ultralong‐cycle lives over 5000 h and a remarkable average Coulombic efficiency of 98.3% after 8200 cycles (≈11 months), respectively. Additionally, a cheerful discharge capacity of ≈59.3 mAh g−1 is obtained over 1000 cycles at 0.5 C in Mo6S8||Mg full cell.
Logic‐Compatible Charge‐Trapping Tunnel Field Effect Transistors for Low‐Power, High‐Accuracy, and Large‐Scale Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Woo Jae Seung , Jung Chae Lin , Nam Ki Ryung , Choi Woo Young
Published: September 2023

Charge‐trapping tunnel field effect transistors (CT‐TFETs) are experimentally demonstrated, and their array operations are discussed for low‐power large‐scale neuromorphic applications. CT‐TFETs cointegrated with charge‐trapping metal–oxide–semiconductor FETs (CT‐MOSFETs) through complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor logic process exhibit ≈2,000× lower on‐current (Ion) and ≈3,000× lower off‐current (Ioff) than CT‐MOSFETs, rendering them suitable for high‐accuracy large‐scale neuromorphic systems. According to the experimental and simulation results, CT‐TFETs outperform CT‐MOSFETs in terms of more accurate analog vector‐matrix multiplication than that of CT‐MOSFETs due to the following two reasons: first, CT‐TFETs feature a lower voltage (IR) drop resulting from lowerIonthan that of CT‐MOSFETs. Second, the former is more robust to the IR drops than the latter due to weak channel length modulation. For example, unlike CT‐MOSFETs, the proposed CT‐TFETs exhibit ignorable weight degradation in spite of the 1 Ω wire resistance. CT‐TFET arrays show ≈700× lower power consumption and ≈10% higher MNIST classification accuracy than CT‐MOSFET arrays, making CT‐TFET arrays promising for extensive and versatile neuromorphic computing applications.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with myeloid malignancies and DDX41 variants
Authors: Bataller Alex , Loghavi Sanam , Gerstein Yoheved , Bazinet Alexandre , Sasaki Koji , Chien Kelly S. , Hammond Danielle , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo , Borthakur Gautam , Short Nicholas , Issa Ghayas C. , Kadia Tapan M. , Daver Naval , Tang Guilin , Quesada Andres , Patel Keyur P. , Ravandi Farhad , Fiskus Warren , Mill Cristopher P. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Bhalla Kapil , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Oran Betul , DiNardo Courtney D.
Published: September 2023

DDX41 is the most frequently mutated gene in myeloid neoplasms associated with germline predisposition including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed 3795 patients with myeloid neoplasms and identified 151 (4%) with DDX41 variants and a diagnosis of AML (n = 96), MDS (n = 52), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 3). The most frequent DDX41 variants were the somatic variant p.R525H, followed by the germline variants p.M1I and p.D140fs. Most neoplasms had a normal karyotype (59%) and the most frequent co‐mutations were TP53 (16%) and ASXL1 (15%). 30% of patients had no concomitant mutations besides DDX41 mutation. Patients with myeloid malignancies and DDX41 variants responded well to therapy, with an overall response rate for patients with treatment naïve AML and MDS of 87% and 84%, respectively. The median overall survival (mOS) of patients with treatment‐naïve AML or MDS was 49 and 71 months, respectively. Patients with AML treated with low‐intensity regimens including venetoclax had an improved survival (2‐year OS 91% vs. 60%, p = .02) and lower cumulative incidence of relapse compared to those treated without venetoclax (10% vs. 56%, p = .03). In the 33% of patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the 2‐year OS was 80% and 85% for AML and MDS, respectively.
A globally applicable “triple A” risk model for essential thrombocythemia based on Age, Absolute neutrophil count, and Absolute lymphocyte count
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Loscocco Giuseppe G. , Farrukh Faiqa , Szuber Natasha , Mannelli Francesco , Pardanani Animesh , Hanson Curtis A. , Ketterling Rhett P. , De Stefano Valerio , Carobbio Alessandra , Barbui Tiziano , Guglielmelli Paola , Gangat Naseema , Vannucchi Alessandro M.
Published: September 2023

We examined the individual prognostic contribution of absolute neutrophil (ANC), lymphocyte (ALC), and monocyte (AMC) counts, on overall (OS), leukemia‐free (LFS), and myelofibrosis‐free (MFFS) survival in essential thrombocythemia (ET). Informative cases (N = 598; median age 59 years; females 62%) were retrospectively accrued from a Mayo Clinic database: JAK2 59%, CALR 27%, triple‐negative 11%, and MPL 3%; international prognostic scoring system for ET (IPSET) risk high 21%, intermediate 42%, and low 37%; 7% (37/515) had abnormal karyotype and 10% (21/205) adverse mutations (SF3B1/SRSF2/U2AF1/TP53). At median 8.4 years, 163 (27%) deaths, 71 (12%) fibrotic, and 20 (3%) leukemic transformations were recorded. Multivariable analysis resulted in HR (95% CI) of 16.5 (9.9–27.4) for age > 70 years, 3.7 (2.3–6.0) for age 50–70 years, 2.4 (1.7–3.3) for ANC ≥8 × 109/L, and 1.9 (1.4–2.6) for ALC <1.7 × 109/L. The corresponding HR‐based scores were 4, 2, 1, and 1, resulting in an new 4‐tiered AgeAncAlc (AAA; triple A) risk model: high (5–6 points; median survival 8 years; HR 30.1, 95% CI 17.6–54), intermediate‐2 (4 points; median 13.5 years; HR 12.7, 95% CI 7.1–23.0), intermediate‐1 (2–3 points; median 20.7 years; HR 3.8, 95% CI 2.3–6.4) and low (0–1 points; median 47 years). The AAA model (Akaike Information Criterion [AIC] 621) performed better than IPSET (AIC 647) and was subsequently validated by an external University of Florence ET cohort (N = 485). None of the AAA variables predicted LFS while ALC <1.7 × 109/L was associated with inferior MFFS (p = .01). Adverse mutations (p < .01) and karyotype (p < .01) displayed additional prognostic value without disqualifying the prognostic integrity of the AAA model. This study proposes a simple and globally applicable survival model for ET, which can be used as a platform for further molecular refinement. This study also suggests a potential role for immune‐related biomarkers, as a prognostic tool in myeloproliferative neoplasms.
The impact of fever as a testing indication on the detection rate of deep vein thrombosis in neurocritically ill patients
Authors: Henson Theresa , Velasquez Ricardo , Martin Alvaro , Kozlova Natalya , Chandy Dipak , Epelbaum Oleg
Published: September 2023

Aim

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is considered a possible source of non‐infectious, non‐central fever in the intensive care unit (ICU). In the neurocritically ill, it is unknown whether lower extremity venous Doppler ultrasonography (LEVDUS) for DVT in the setting of fever leads to a higher detection rate than the baseline detection rate of DVT in this population. The aim of this study was to compare the DVT detection rate of LEVDUS performed for the indication of fever to LEVDUS performed for other indications in a neurosciences ICU.

Methods

Requisition forms for all LEVDUS performed in a referral neurosciences ICU were reviewed and separated into those with “fever” as the stated reason for request and those with other stated reasons. The DVT detection rate was compared between these two categories of indications.

Results

Five hundred eleven LEVDUS were analyzed, of which 422 had been ordered for indications other than fever. Sixteen of these tests were positive, a detection rate of 3.8%. The remaining 89 LEVDUS had “fever” as the ordering indication. Six of these tests were positive for DVT, a detection rate of 6.7%. The likelihood of positivity of a test obtained as part of fever evaluation relative to one obtained for non‐fever indications was not significantly different (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.570–5.11; P = 0.246).

Conclusion

LEVDUS triggered by fever detected DVT at a numerically, but not statistically significantly higher rate than did LEVDUS performed for other indications in a neurocritically ill population. More rigorous investigation of this question is needed.
Nucleophilic Carbenes Derived from Dichloromethane
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Le Nguyen , Uyeda Christopher
Published: September 2023

Nickel PyBox catalysts promote nucleophilic cyclopropanation reactions using CH2Cl2 as a methylene source and Mn as a stoichiometric reductant. The substrate scope includes a broad range of alkenes bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents, including esters, amides, ketones, nitriles, sulfones, phosphonate esters, trifluoromethyl groups, and electron‐deficient arenes. Enantioselective cyclopropanations of α,β‐unsaturated esters have been developed using chiral PyBox ligands. Mechanistic studies suggest the intermediacy of a (PyBox)Ni=CH2 species, which adds to the alkene by a stepwise [2+2]‐cycloaddition/C−C reductive elimination mechanism. DFT models provide a rationale for the nucleophilic character of the nickel carbene and the sense of enantioinduction.
Boosting Electrocatalytic Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia via Tuning of N‐Intermediate Adsorption on a Zn−Cu Catalyst
Authors: Wu Limin , Feng Jiaqi , Zhang Libing , Jia Shunhan , Song Xinning , Zhu Qinggong , Kang Xinchen , Xing Xueqing , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing
Published: September 2023

The renewable‐energy‐powered electroreduction of nitrate (NO3−) to ammonia (NH3) has garnered significant interest as an eco‐friendly and promising substitute for the Haber–Bosch process. However, the sluggish kinetics hinders its application at a large scale. Herein, we first calculated the N‐containing species (*NO3 and *NO2) binding energy and the free energy of the hydrogen evolution reaction over Cu with different metal dopants, and it was shown that Zn was a promising candidate. Based on the theoretical study, we designed and synthesized Zn‐doped Cu nanosheets, and the as‐prepared catalysts demonstrated excellent performance in NO3−‐to‐NH3. The maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of NH3 could reach 98.4 % with an outstanding yield rate of 5.8 mol g−1 h−1, which is among the best results up to date. The catalyst also had excellent cycling stability. Meanwhile, it also presented a FE exceeding 90 % across a wide potential range and NO3− concentration range. Detailed experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the Zn doping could modulate intermediates adsorption strength, enhance NO2− conversion, change the *NO adsorption configuration to a bridge adsorption, and decrease the energy barrier, leading to the excellent catalytic performance for NO3−‐to‐NH3.
Development of dual stage solvent fractionation as an approach to concentrate carotenoids from crude palm oil with high recovery: The potential use of molecular simulation as a pre‐screening tool
Authors: Tong Shi‐Cheng , Lee Yee‐Ying , Tang Teck‐Kim , Chan Eng‐Seng , Phuah Eng‐Tong
Published: September 2023

Crude palm oil (CPO) is highly abundant in carotenoids. Previous findings found that dry fractionation can concentrate carotenoids from CPO but resulted in a significant loss of carotenoids. Therefore, the present study aimed to utilize solvent fractionation, which offers a better separation efficiency, to concentrate carotenoids from CPO with improved recovery. Computational study revealed a high binding affinity of phytonutrient towards unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) species in olein fraction due to similar polarity. This prediction was further verified with evidence showing strong, positive correlation between the iodine value and carotenoids concentrations of fractionated oil. The difference in binding affinity of saturated and unsaturated TAG towards different solvents can be used as a guide for screening and selection of solvent suitable for recovery of phytonutrient during solvent fractionation. Subsequently, a lab‐scale single‐ stage fractionation study disclosed that crystallization temperature of 15°C, oil to acetone ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 4 h under agitation at 100 rpm produced olein with the highest carotenoid concentration (637 ppm) and recovery (94%). Subsequent double‐stage fractionation successfully concentrated the carotenoids up to 125% with a recovery of >93%. Conclusively, solvent fractionation provides an effective way to concentrate valuable carotenoids from CPO while minimizing the lost.
Polymer/LMPA for manufacturing deformable structure by coaxial printing
Authors: Yu Yuan , Li Zhen , Gao Xiaodong , Liu Junfeng , Jiao Zhiwei , Kang Jingxin , Wang Pengfei , Yang Weimin , Liu Mengyue
Published: September 2023

Structures with variable stiffness during deformation are of great importance in many fields. The solid–liquid transformation method using low melting point alloys (LMPA) is a promising method to control structural deformation. In this study, a coaxial filamentary feature consisting of pure LMPA surrounded by thermoplastic polymer (TP) is three‐dimensionally printed and deformable structure can be constructed. The Polymer/LMPA structure can reveal special and valuable performances: The flexural modulus of the printed TPU/LMPA unit is about 1152 MPa, which is almost 330 times that of TPU and it can achieve large‐scale stiffness changes by regulating temperature. Due to its reversibility and variable stiffness, the structure can achieve drive response perturbations under large bias loads. The maximum output force of the TPU/LMPA composite structure is 8.5 N and the maximum driving displacement is 18.5 mm. The fundamental frequency variation of the structure is achieved during the heating of the structure and the change of temperature can change the damping effect according to adjusting the frequency. This study has an important role in the future design of controllable stiffness structures.
Kiribatiʼs graduation from Least Developed Country status: An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
Authors: Monaco Edoardo , Abe Masato
Published: September 2023

The Pacific Small Island Developing State (SIDS) of Kiribati has met the formal, minimal criteria for graduation from the Least Developed Country (LDC) category of the United Nations on multiple occasions from 2003 to 2018. Nevertheless, in light of both structural, long‐standing constraints and severe more recent challenges – such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Russia‐Ukraine conflict and the exacerbation of the climate crisis – that past assessments took into only partial consideration, the country still appears, at present, unready to lose the support measures that come with the LDC inclusion and to graduate, once and for all, with sustained “momentum.” The analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats conducted in this paper suggests the need to further delay any decisions on graduation until more holistic, thorough readiness assessments can be conducted on the basis of new, additional indicators closely reflecting the full range of vulnerabilities that Kiribati, and other similar SIDS, currently face.
Synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazole and 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives as inhibitors for STAT3 enzymes of breast cancer
Authors: Fawzy Sherif M. , Loksha Yasser M. , El‐Sadek Mohamed , Ibrahim Samy M. , Beshay Botros Y. , Shamaa Marium M. , Kothayer Hend
Published: September 2023

Disubstituted five‐membered heterocycles (1,2,4‐triazole and 1,3,4 oxadiazole) were synthesized and investigated as inhibitors for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) enzyme of breast cancer. 3‐(Benzylthio)‐5‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐amine (12d) was found to be the most active among the synthesized compounds with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 1.5 µM on MCF7 cells and was found to show a great inhibitory effect on the STAT3 enzyme. Compounds 9a,b,d,e,f, 11, and 12a,b,f,e show IC50 values in the range of 3–12 µM for the MCF7 cell line. Molecular modeling was used to investigate the biological results of the synthesized compounds.
Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Reaction of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with Quinolones and Isoquinolones
Authors: Pandey Shivam , Parveen Sabiha , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: September 2023

Herein, we developed an efficient approach to access biologically relevant 2‐aminoquinolines and 1‐aminoisoquinolines from readily available N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and 2‐quinolones or 1‐isoquinolones. This transformation involves the selective O−H insertion of these derivatives onto the in situ generated Rh‐azavinyl carbenes (Rh‐AVC) followed by rearrangement. The reaction proceeds smoothly under operationally simple conditions and the protocol was found to be scalable.
Combination of microbial and chemical synthesis for the sustainable production of β‐elemene, a promising plant‐extracted anticancer compound
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Mai Jie , Lin Lu , Zhang Zhi‐Gang , Ledesma‐Amaro Rodrigo , Dong Weiliang , Ji Xiao‐Jun
Published: September 2023

Beta‐elemene, a class of sesquiterpene derived from the Chinese medicinal herb Curcuma wenyujin, is widely used in clinical medicine due to its broad‐spectrum antitumor activity. However, the unsustainable plant extraction prompted the search for environmentally friendly strategies for β‐elemene production. In this study, we designed a Yarrowia lipolytica cell factory that can continuously produce germacrene A, which is further converted into β‐elemene with 100% yield through a Cope rearrangement reaction by shifting the temperature to 250°C. First, the productivity of four plant‐derived germacrene A synthases was evaluated. After that, the metabolic flux of the precursor to germacrene A was maximized by optimizing the endogenous mevalonate pathway, inhibiting the competing squalene pathway, and expressing germacrene A synthase gene in multiple copies. Finally, the most promising strain achieved the highest β‐elemene titer reported to date with 5.08 g/L. This sustainable and green method has the potential for industrial β‐elemene production.
An overview of extracellular matrix and its remodeling in the development of cancer and metastasis with a glance at therapeutic approaches
Authors: Afshar Kimiya , Sanaei Mohammad‐Javad , Ravari Mehrnaz Sadat , Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi Atieh , Bashash Davood
Published: September 2023

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an inevitable part of tissues able to provide structural support for cells depending on the purpose of tissues and organs. The dynamic characteristics of ECM let this system fluently interact with the extrinsic triggers and get stiffed, remodeled, and/or degraded ending in maintaining tissue homeostasis. ECM could serve as the platform for cancer progression. The dysregulation of biochemical and biomechanical ECM features might take participate in some pathological conditions such as aging, tissue destruction, fibrosis, and particularly cancer. Tumors can reprogram how ECM remodels by producing factors able to induce protein synthesis, matrix proteinase expression, degradation of the basement membrane, growth signals and proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting the ECM components, their secretion, and their interactions with other cells or tumors could be a promising strategy in cancer therapies. The present study initially introduces the physiological functions of ECM and then discusses how tumor‐dependent dysregulation of ECM could facilitate cancer progression and ends with reviewing the novel therapeutic strategies regarding ECM.
Electrically stimulated in vitro heart cell mimic of acute exercise reveals novel immediate cellular responses to exercise: Reduced contractility and metabolism, but maintained calcium cycling and increased myofilament calcium sensitivity
Authors: Costa Ana Da Silva , Ghouri Iffath , Johnston Alexander , McGlynn Karen , McNair Andrew , Bowman Peter , Malik Natasha , Hurren Johanne , Bingelis Tomas , Dunne Michael , Smith Godfrey L. , Kemi Ole J.
Published: September 2023

Cardiac cellular responses to acute exercise remain undescribed. We present a model for mimicking acute aerobic endurance exercise to freshly isolated cardiomyocytes by evoking exercise‐like contractions over prolonged periods of time with trains of electrical twitch stimulations. We then investigated immediate contractile, Ca2+, and metabolic responses to acute exercise in perfused freshly isolated left ventricular rat cardiomyocytes, after a matrix‐design optimized protocol and induced a mimic for acute aerobic endurance exercise by trains of prolonged field twitch stimulations. Acute exercise decreased cardiomyocyte fractional shortening 50%–80% (p < .01). This was not explained by changes to intracellular Ca2+ handling (p > .05); rather, we observed a weak insignificant Ca2+ transient increase (p = .11), while myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity increased 20%–70% (p < .05). Acidic pH 6.8 decreased fractional shortening 20%–70% (p < .05) because of 20%–30% decreased Ca2+ transients (p < .05), but no difference occurred between control and acute exercise (p > .05). Addition of 1 or 10 mM La− increased fractional shortening in control (1 mM La−: no difference, p > .05; 10 mM La−: 20%–30%, p < .05) and acute exercise (1 mM La−: 40%–90%, p < .01; 10 mM La−: 50%–100%, p < .01) and rendered acute exercise indifferent from control (p > .05). Intrinsic autofluorescence showed a resting NADstate of 0.59 ± 0.04 and FADstate of 0.17 ± 0.03, while acute exercise decreased NADH/FAD ratio 8% (p < .01), indicating intracellular oxidation. In conclusion, we show a novel approach for studying immediate acute cardiomyocyte responses to aerobic endurance exercise. We find that acute exercise in cardiomyocytes decreases contraction, but Ca2+ handling and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity compensate for this, while acidosis and reduced energy substrate and mitochondrial ATP generation explain this.
Pituitary apoplexy associated with bacterial meningitis: Diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Kharel Manish , Hossain Md Fahad
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Pituitary apoplexy is a rare entity, which is characterized by severe neurological, ophthalmological, and endocrinological complications, with acute adrenal crisis being a major concern. The diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy is challenging, particularly in cases where it coexists with bacterial meningitis, leading to a diagnostic dilemma and delay in treatment. We report a case of a 23‐year‐old female diagnosed with pituitary apoplexy with concurrent bacterial meningitis.
Industrially Promising β‐Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets Self‐Supported Electrode for Highly Efficient Electrooxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Liu Fang‐Bing , Lin Nan , Cong Lin‐Chuan , Li Xin‐Xin , Han Fu‐Yu , Xin De‐Yuan , Lin Hai‐Bo
Published: September 2023

The electrocatalytic selective oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) presents a highly efficient and eco‐friendly method for biomass utilization. Herein, we synthesized pure β‐Ni(OH)2 and amorphous Ni(OH)2 on nickel foam (NF) using a facile stepwise electrodeposition technique and evaluated their catalytic performances for the oxidation of HMF to 2,5‐furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets‐decorated electrode (β‐NiNS/NF) exhibited excellent interfacial lattice matching with the substrate nickel, resulting in enhanced electron transfer at the catalyst‐substrate interface, as confirmed by electrochemical analysis. Consequently, the β‐NiNS/NF electrode displayed improved intrinsic electrocatalytic activity and interfacial stability. Additionally, it demonstrated effective HMF adsorption capability. These advantageous properties led to enhanced HMF conversion, selectivity, and structural stability. Notably, the β‐NiNS/NF electrode achieved an unprecedented FDCA yield of 80.6 % under relatively large current density galvanostatic electrolysis commonly used in industry. Moreover, our investigation identified a novel possible oxidation pathway during HMF electrocatalysis. This study not only showcases an efficient and scalable synthetic approach but also highlights the potential of the β‐NiNS/NF electrode for industrial HMF electrocatalytic oxidation under conditions involving relatively large applied currents.
Food Waste Gasification to Produce Hydrogen for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications: Comparison of Fixed‐Bed and Fluidized‐Bed Gasifiers Models
Authors: Alouani Younes , Saifaoui Dennoun , Alouani Mohamed-Amine , Alouani Abdelkader
Published: September 2023

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been expected to play a pivotal role in energy corridors within the next few years. The gasification of biomass sources is used to produce hydrogen. Many researchers have simulated the biomass gasification model through Aspen Plus to generate hydrogen. However, they have not been targeting the purification of hydrogen gas which is the product of biomass gasification. Thus, the Aspen gasification models for both the fixed and fluidized‐bed gasifiers integrated with the hydrogen purification system to produce hydrogen for PEMFC applications are developed in this work. Food waste is selected as biomass feedstock. The gasifiers have been modeled on Gibbs free minimization energy. Shift reactors along with the preferential oxidation reactor have been employed to limit the amount of CO in the syngas. The validated models were then employed to estimate the performance of both the fixed‐bed food waste gasifier and fluidized‐bed food waste gasifier in terms of syngas produced and hydrogen obtained after purification.
Synthesis and Additive Manufacturing of Hydrazone‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework Aerogels
Authors: Ajnsztajn Alec , Harikrishnan Vijay Vedhan Jayanthi , Alahakoon Sampath B. , Zhu Dongyang , Barnes Morgan , Daum Jeremy , Gayle Jessica , Tomur Gulnihal , Lowenstein Jacob , Roy Soumyabrata , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Verduzco Rafael
Published: September 2023

Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, porous organic materials. Recent studies have demonstrated novel processing strategies for COFs to form adaptable architectures, but these have focused primarily on imine‐linked COFs. This work presents a new synthesis and processing route to produce crystalline hydrazone‐linked COF gels and aerogels with hierarchical porosity. The method was implemented to produce a series of hydrazone‐linked COFs with different alkyl side‐chain substituents, achieving control of the hydrophilicity of the final aerogel. Variation in the length of the alkyl substituents yielded materials with controllable form factors that can preferentially adsorb water or nonpolar organic solvents. Additionally, a method for additive manufacturing of hydrazone‐linked COFs using hydroxymethylcellulose as a sacrificial additive is presented. This work demonstrates an effective and simple approach to the fabrication of hydrazone COF aerogels and additive manufacturing to produce hydrazone COFs of desired shape.
Mechanochemical Solvent‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Poly‐Functionalized 5‐(Arylselanyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles Through a Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Click Reaction
Authors: Karmakar Pintu , Karmakar Indrajit , Mukherjee Debojyoti , Bhowmick Anindita , Brahmachari Goutam
Published: September 2023

A mechanochemistry‐driven practical and efficient synthetic protocol for accessing diverse series of biologically relevant poly‐functionalized 5‐(arylselanyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazoles through copper(I)‐catalyzed click reaction between aryl/heteroaryl acetylenes, diaryl diselenides, benzyl bromides, and sodium azide has been accomplished under high‐speed ball‐milling. Advantages of this method include operational simplicity, avoidance of using solvent and external heating, one‐pot synthesis, short reaction time in minutes, good to excellent yields, broad substrate scope, and gram‐scale applications. Furthermore, synthesized organoselenium compounds were synthetically diversified to biologically promising selenones.
Recent Advances in Nickel Catalyzed Carbonylative Reactionsviathe Insertion of Carbon Monoxide†
Authors: Chen Xinzhou , Chen Gang , Lian Zhong
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Carbonyl compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their extensive applications in drug discovery. Furthermore, they are important synthetic intermediates for the construction of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylation via the insertion of CO is one of the most efficient and straightforward strategies to access carbonyl compounds. However, most of the transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylative reactions require expensive and toxic noble‐metal catalysts. Therefore, there is a growing demand for the exploration of nickel‐catalyzed carbonylative reactions via the insertion of CO due to the earth abundance and low cost of nickel. Compared with the well‐established palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative reactions, nickel‐catalyzed analogous transformations have been relatively underdeveloped. This is primarily because CO strongly binds to nickel, often resulting in catalyst poisoning. In recent years, some research groups have focused on using CO surrogates or NN2pincer nickel catalyst to circumvent the formation of Ni(CO)4. Nickel‐catalyzed carbonylation has been applied in the construction of carbonyl‐containing compounds, such as ketones, carboxylic acids, thioesters, acyl chloride and carboxamides.
Recent Advances in Domino Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic N‐Heterocycles Based on Intramolecular Alkyne Hydroamination under Copper Catalysis
Authors: Jin Zefeng , Shen Guodong , Lv Xin
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Fused polycyclic N‐heterocycles are very important scaffolds in biomedicinal chemistry and materials science. Intramolecular alkyne hydroamination is a powerful method for the construction of N‐heterocycles. In the last two decades, copper‐catalyzed domino reactions based on intramolecular alkyne hydroamination has emerged as a robust strategy for assembling various fused polycyclic N‐heterocycles. Great progress has been achieved in this area. This short review covers the advances made in copper‐catalyzed domino synthesis of fused polycyclic N‐heterocycles based on the strategy from 2008 to 2023, and will hopefully serve as an inspiration towards the exploration of new copper‐catalyzed versions of the transformation. The domino transformations are introduced and discussed from five aspects according to the different key processes involved in these reactions.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tetrapyridine‐Type N‐Heteroarenes Using Phosphine‐Free Ruthenium Diamine Catalysts†
Authors: Li Chenghao , Zhang Shu‐Xin , Feng Yu , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Chiral ruthenium‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of tetrapyridine‐type N‐heteroarenes was firstly developed. The partial reduction of adjacent tetraheteroaromatic substrates proceeded smoothly in the presence of phosphine‐free chiral cationic ruthenium diamine complexes, affording unprecedented high reactivity, enantioselecitivity and diastereoselectivity (up to 93% yield, >99% ee and 92 : 8 dr). The potential application of chiral tetradentate pyridine‐amine products as chiral ligands has been demonstrated in the Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction between indoles and nitroalkenes.
Mental health of help‐seeking outpatients pre and post COVID‐19: A real‐world data, multicentre study
Authors: Probst Greta Helene , Miller Scott D. , Bargmann Susanne , Flückiger Christoph
Published: September 2023

Objective

A great deal of research addresses the mental health implications of the COVID‐19 pandemic for the general population. Little is known about the implications for mental health of help‐seeking outpatients and for the effectiveness of mental health services. The present study investigated the mental health and treatment response of help‐seeking outpatients before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Method

Routine outcome monitoring data from 3706 clients in the United States and Northern Europe was analysed using multilevel modelling with global subjective well‐being as the dependent variable.

Results

As opposed to before the pandemic, during the pandemic, well‐being scores were significantly higher at intake and improvement throughout treatment was significantly smaller in the US sample, while both were comparable in the EU sample.

Conclusion

Although there is also evidence of less effective treatments since the pandemic, no conclusive picture emerges that portrays the impact of the pandemic on mental health as uniform. More research is needed to elucidate the impact of the pandemic on the help‐seeking population.
Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of Stable and Metastable Polymorphs of Vanillin
Authors: Sundareswaran Supriya , Karuppannan Srinivasan
Published: September 2023

The intermolecular interactions and the properties of voids present in the stable Form‐I and metastable Form‐II polymorphs of vanillin, a significant pharmaceutical and food material, are investigated through Hirshfeld surface analysis. Form‐I and Form‐II polymorphs of vanillin are separately grown through a template‐induced heterogeneous nucleation process from aqueous solution in the absence and presence of nickel foam as template and their structural parameters are obtained through single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. With this SCXRD data as input, the intermolecular interactions within the grown polymorphs are analyzed by Hirshfeld surface analysis with detailed finger print plot and the area, volume, and percentage of voids present inside the polymorphic structures are identified through the isosurface of the spherical promolecular electron density. The 2D finger print analysis of each of the polymorphs reveals that besides the (H─H) interaction, the (O─H) interaction contributes more to the generation of polymorphs. Furthermore the percentage of volume occupied by the voids in the Form‐I and Form‐II are found to be 11.55% and 19.92%, respectively.
Corporate social responsibility disclosure: Mediating effects of the economic dimension on firm performance
Authors: Escamilla‐Solano Sandra , Fernández‐Portillo Antonio , Sánchez‐Escobedo Mari Cruz , Orden‐Cruz Carmen
Published: September 2023

This research aims to determine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on the firm performance (FP) of Spanish‐listed companies considering the mediation produced by the economic dimension. Using their sustainability reports, partial least squares structural equation modeling is employed for a content analysis. This study provides evidence on the mediating role of the disclosure of economic dimension practices and the intensity shown in the relationships between social and environmental dimensions and FP, allowing for a deeper understanding of the relationships between the various CSR dimensions. Findings show that the disclosure of social and environmental actions, aligned with appropriate standards in the economic dimension, can lead to an improvement in the FP of the company.
Conjoint belief adaption functionality for statistically secure communication paradigm for CR‐IIoTs
Authors: Indra Gaurav , Dhurandher Sanjay Kumar , Raj Richa
Published: September 2023

In an infrastructure‐critical manufacturing industry, continuous monitoring of the assembly lines with internet‐integrated sensors in an unforeseeable, stochastic, and harsh environment becomes indispensable for real‐time fault detection, location, and isolation. State‐of‐the‐art literature suggest that the Cognitive Radio‐based Industrial Internet of Things (CR‐IIoTs), a spectrum aware wireless communication paradigm, is best suited for monitoring as they are proficient in overcoming spectrum scarcity in a 2.4‐GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and guarantee a threshold Quality of Service (QoS) in hostile environs. Nonetheless, CR‐IIoTs and the Cognitive Radio‐based network archetype are susceptible to internal and external security threats at the application layer and vulnerable to Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification (SSDF) at Data Link Layer (DLL). In CR‐IIoTs, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is a competent technique to ameliorate the performance of Primary User (PU) detection and optimizes the idle licensed spectrum bands access management. In this paper, a novel belief adaption framework in conjunction with an optimized secure communication scheme (termed as CBAF) based on the Certificateless‐Public Key Cryptography (CL‐PKC) is proposed for robust CSS in CR‐IIoTs. CBAF proficiently provides full‐Perfect Forward Secrecy, Ephemeral Secret Leakage‐Resilience, Public Key Replacement‐Resilience Malicious but Passive KGC‐Resilience, and Key Escrow Resilience. Simulation analysis pertaining to network performance indices ascertains the efficacy of CBAF, as it outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in throughput, packet delivery ratio, and communication overhead by 8.5%, 6.7%, and 19.9% respectively. Under internal attacks, CBAF outperforms the best from state‐of‐the‐art by 11.3% in On‐Off attack, 19.7% in Data Tampering attack, 21.1% in SDF attack, and 13.4% in DDoS attack.