bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Changes in Cancer Cells Induced by Exposure to a Healing Method
Authors: Beseme Sarah , Bengston William , Radin Dean , Turner Michael , McMichael John
Published: July 2018

Energy healing, or healing with intent, is a complementary and alternative medicine therapy reported to be beneficial with a wide variety of conditions. We are developing a delivery technology for a method previously tested in mouse models with solid tumors (the Bengston method) independent of the presence of a healer. The goal of this study was to assess whether stored or recorded energy has an impact on breast cancer cells in vitro, using energy-charged cotton and electromagnetic recording of healers practicing the method. Expression of genes involved in cancer and inflammation pathways was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Treatment of cells using energy-charged cotton resulted in statistically significant changes <1.5-fold. In cells exposed to an electromagnetic recording, 37 genes of 167 tested showed a >1.5-fold change when compared to the control, and 68 genes showing statistically significant fold changes. Two genes, ATP citrate lyase ( ACLY) and interleukin 1β ( IL-1β), were consistently downregulated at 4 and 24 hours of exposure to the recording, respectively, in 3 independent experiments. Both ACLY and IL-1β were also downregulated in cells exposed to a hands-on delivery of the method, suggesting these 2 genes as potential markers of the healing method.
Winning the mixed team event at major international archery competitions
Authors: Park James L
Published: July 2018

Major international target archery competitions usually include a 72-arrow ranking round, followed by one-on-one knockout matches conducted over a small number of arrows, until one archer or team remains. This article considers the mixed pair team event that includes teams consisting of one male and one female archer, both using the same bow type. The relation between a team’s place in the ranking round and the likelihood of that team finishing in a top position following the one-on-one knockout matches has been modelled and compared to the results from competitions from 2010 to 2017 inclusive. The team’s ranking round score has been used to indicate the ability of each archer in the matches and to calculate the probability of the team winning sufficient matches in succession to succeed in the competition. The study found that the probability of the team winning the competition decreases exponentially with ranking place. Due to the importance of the ranking round, a team must finish in or near the top seven places in the ranking round for the team to have a reasonable chance at winning a medal.
Modelling residential segregation as unevenness and clustering: A multilevel modelling approach incorporating spatial dependence and tackling the MAUP
Authors: Jones Kelvyn , Manley David , Johnston Ron , Owen Dewi
Published: July 2018

Traditional studies of residential segregation use a descriptive index approach with predefined spatial units to report the degree of neighbourhood differentiation. We develop a model-based approach which explicitly includes spatial effects at multiple scales, recognising the complexity of the urban environment while simultaneously distinguishing segregation at each scale net of all other scales. Moreover, this model distinguishes segregation as unevenness and as spatial clustering in the presence of stochastic variation. The modelling approach, unlike traditional index approaches, allows hypothesis evaluation concerning alternative scales and zonation through an accompanying badness-of-fit measure. Ultimately, this permits the identification of the scale and zonation regime where the spatial patterns come into focus thereby directly tackling the modifiable areal unit problem. The model is applied to Indian ethnicity in Leicester, UK, finding segregation as unevenness and as spatial clustering at multiple scales.
Oncogene-specific T cells fail to eradicate lymphoma-initiating B cells in mice
Authors: Hoser Dana , Schön Christian , Loddenkemper Christoph , Lohneis Philipp , Kühl Anja A. , Sommermann Thomas , Blankenstein Thomas , Willimsky Gerald
Published: July 2018

Key Points

Absence of oncogene-specific T cells leads to increased B-cell lymphoma incidence in a new mouse model. Premalignant lymphoma-initiating B cells are not eradicated by the immune system, retaining the risk of lymphoma development.
Pressure behavior of shale-gas flow in dual porous medium based on fractal theory
Authors: Lian Peiqing , Duan Taizhong , Xu Rui , Li Linlin , Li Meng
Published: July 2018

The shale gas reservoir is a complex subject with a multiscale nanopore and fracture system, and the gas flow mechanism indicates an evident difference from the conventional gas reservoir. We have introduced fractal theory to characterize the multiscale distribution of pores and fractures, and we have developed a single-phase radial flow model considering nonequilibrium adsorption to describe the flow characteristics in the shale gas reservoir. The numerical solution of the flow model in Euclidean space is obtained by inversing the analytical solution derived in Laplace space through the Stehfest numerical inversion method, and the log-log curve of the dimensionless bottom-hole pressure (BHP) and its derivative versus dimensionless time are analyzed. The log-log curve of the dimensionless BHP has two distinct straight-line segments: The unit slope line reflects early well-storage effect, and the straight line with slope [Formula: see text] reflects reservoir fractal characteristics. The slope of the straight line will become smaller with the increasing fractal dimension. The adsorption coefficient mainly affects the middle and late period of the log-log curves, and more shale gas will desorb from the matrix with the increasing adsorption coefficient. The wellbore storage coefficient has a significant negative correlation with dimensionless BHP especially at the early and transitional stages. The skin factor mainly affects the transition section; a smaller skin factor generally leads to the earlier appearance of the transition section. In addition, a smaller interporosity flow coefficient also results in an earlier transition stage appearance. The lower storativity ratio means a higher dimensionless BHP and an earlier appearance of the transition stage.
Histone deacetylase activity has an essential role in establishing and maintaining the vertebrate neural crest
Authors: Rao Anjali , LaBonne Carole
Published: July 2018

The neural crest, a progenitor population that drove vertebrate evolution, retains the broad developmental potential of the blastula cells it is derived from, even as neighboring cells undergo lineage restriction. The mechanisms that enable these cells to preserve their developmental potential remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in this process in Xenopus. We show that HDAC activity is essential for the formation of neural crest, as well as for proper patterning of the early ectoderm. The requirement for HDAC activity initiates in naïve blastula cells; HDAC inhibition causes loss of pluripotency gene expression and blocks the ability of blastula stem cells to contribute to lineages of the three embryonic germ layers. We find that pluripotent naïve blastula cells and neural crest cells are both characterized by low levels of histone acetylation, and show that increasing HDAC1 levels enhance the ability of blastula cells to be reprogrammed to a neural crest state. Together, these findings elucidate a previously uncharacterized role for HDAC activity in establishing the neural crest stem cell state.
Molecular analysis of enthesopathy in a mouse model of hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Liu Eva S. , Martins Janaina S. , Zhang Wanlin , Demay Marie B.
Published: July 2018

The bone tendon attachment site known as the enthesis comprises a transitional zone between bone and tendon, and plays an important role in enabling movement at this site. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by impaired activation of vitamin D, elevated serum FGF23 levels and low serum phosphate levels, which impair bone mineralization. Paradoxically, an important complication of XLH is mineralization of the enthesis (enthesopathy). Studies were undertaken to identify the cellular and molecular pathways important for normal post-natal enthesis maturation and to examine their role during the development of enthesopathy in mice with XLH (Hyp). The Achilles tendon entheses of Hyp mice demonstrate an expansion of hypertrophic-appearing chondrogenic cells by P14. Post-natally, cells in wild-type and Hyp entheses similarly descend from scleraxis- and Sox9-expressing progenitors; however, Hyp entheses exhibit an expansion of Sox9-expressing cells, and enhanced BMP and IHH signaling. These results support a role for enhanced BMP and IHH signaling in the development of enthesopathy in XLH.
Differential expression of Öbek controls ploidy in the Drosophila blood-brain barrier
Authors: Zülbahar Selen , Sieglitz Florian , Kottmeier Rita , Altenhein Benjamin , Rumpf Sebastian , Klämbt Christian
Published: July 2018

During development, tissue growth is mediated by either cell proliferation or cell growth, coupled with polyploidy. Both strategies are employed by the cell types that make up the Drosophila blood-brain barrier. During larval growth, the perineurial glia proliferate, whereas the subperineurial glia expand enormously and become polyploid. Here, we show that the level of ploidy in the subperineurial glia is controlled by the N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase homolog Öbek, and high Öbek levels are required to limit replication. In contrast, perineurial glia express moderate levels of Öbek, and increased Öbek expression blocks their proliferation. Interestingly, other dividing cells are not affected by alteration of Öbek expression. In glia, Öbek counteracts fibroblast growth factor and Hippo signaling to differentially affect cell growth and number. We propose a mechanism by which growth signals are integrated differentially in a glia-specific manner through different levels of Öbek protein to adjust cell proliferation versus endoreplication in the blood-brain barrier.
A machine vision system for zooplankton behavioural studies: a case study on the phototactic behaviour of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1837) during sound and ultrasound stimulus
Authors: Solvang Torfinn , Hagemann Andreas
Published: July 2018

Machine vision represent an accurate and easily verifiable method for observing live organisms and this technology is constantly evolving in terms of accessibility and costs. Motivated by the complexity of observing small-sized aquatic organisms in experimental systems, and the difficulties related to real-time observation, sampling, and counting without interfering with the organisms, we here present a new method for observing behaviour and dispersion of non-sessile zooplankton organisms using a custom-made tank with an associated machine vision system. The system was used in an experiment where the aim was to assess the effect of sound and ultrasound on the phototactic behaviour of copepodite stages of the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Krøyer, 1837). Hereinafter, the experimental set-up is described, including a triangular test tank designed to create a sound pressure gradient, a mechanized camera movement system and a vision system with dedicated image processing software.
Physical Effects of Anabolic-androgenic Steroids in Healthy Exercising Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Andrews Mary A. , Magee Charles D. , Combest Travis M. , Allard Rhonda J. , Douglas Kevin M.
Published: July 2018

Many athletes use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) for physical enhancement but the magnitude of these gains and associated adverse effects has not been rigorously quantified. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO were searched to identify randomized placebo-controlled trials of AAS in healthy exercising adults that reported one of the following outcomes: muscular strength, body composition, cardiovascular endurance, or power. Two authors appraised abstracts to identify studies for full-text retrieval; these were reviewed in duplicate to identify included studies. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane method. Data were extracted in duplicate and pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model and to calculate the ratio of mean outcome improvement where possible. Pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) in muscle strength between AAS and placebo was 0.27 (95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.47; I
2 = 12.7%; 21 studies). Change in strength was 52% greater in the AAS group compared to placebo. The SMD for change in lean mass between AAS and placebo was 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.89; I
2 = 26%; 14 studies). Due to missing data, fat mass, cardiovascular endurance, power, and adverse effects were summarized qualitatively. Only 13 of 25 studies reported adverse effects including increased low density lipoprotein (LDL), decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL), irritability, and acne. In healthy exercising adults, AAS use is associated with a small absolute increase in muscle strength and moderate increase in lean mass. However, the transparency and completeness of adverse effect reporting varied, most studies were of short duration, and doses studied may not reflect actual use by athletes.
Effect of Endurance Conditioning on Insulin-mediated Glucose Clearance in Dogs
Authors: DAVIS MICHAEL S. , GEOR RAYMOND J. , WILLIAMSON KATHERINE K.
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Physical activity has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in subjects with insulin resistance, but the effect of athletic conditioning on subjects with normal insulin sensitivity has received less scrutiny. Because strenuous exercise can be limited by the availability of substrates, it is reasonable to hypothesize that conditioning would increase the capacity for muscle uptake of substrates like glucose and to the extent that improvement in this process would include upregulation of the portions of the glucose uptake pathway in muscle, this increased capacity would also be reflected in insulin sensitivity. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that conditioning for endurance exercise would result in increased insulin sensitivity using elite racing sled dogs.

Methods

A frequent-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed on these dogs before and after a full 7-month season of conditioning in preparation for a 1600-km race.

Results

Compared with the results in unconditioned dogs, conditioned dogs rapidly cleared the intravenous glucose bolus through increases in both glucose mediated (7.6%·min−1± 3.4%·min−1vs 3.0%·min−1± 2.2%·min−1,P= 0.008) and insulin-mediated (36.3 ± 18.4 × 10−4L·min−1·mU−1vs 11.5 ± 8.0 × 10−4L·min−1·mU−1,P= 0.007) mechanisms. The more modest increase in serum insulin after the intravenous glucose bolus in conditioned dogs failed to suppress lipolysis and serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids remained constant in the conditioned dogs throughout the 4-h test.

Conclusions

These results, in particular the increase in insulin-independent peripheral uptake of glucose, describe novel alterations in metabolism induced by athletic conditioning that arguably result in near-continuous provision of oxidizable substrates to peripheral muscle in support of sustained muscular work typical of these dogs.
Novos negócios e empreendedorismo
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: July 2018

A GV-executivo, publicação da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), vem conquistando cada vez mais leitores entre o público executivo. Desde o ano passado, a revista ganhou roupagem nova e tem publicado pesquisas aplicadas de administração. Vários temas já foram tratados: varejo, finanças e controladoria, saúde, sustentabilidade, tecnologia de informação, sempre com a participação de professores da FGV EAESP, pesquisadores dos centros de estudo e a contribuição de executivos, com foco em soluções práticas e na antecipação de cenários nos mais diversos setores no país.
Um negócio de impacto
Authors: Wilner Adriana , Santos Aline Lilian dos
Published: July 2018

As pessoas desejam liberdade de escolha. Elas podem querer acessar os médicos diretamente. Quebramos o chamado duopólio SUS-Plano de Saúde. Somos a terceira alternativa.
Quem (e como) investe em startups brasileiras
Authors: Sarfati Gilberto
Published: July 2018

Investidores-anjo e aceleradoras, que até há pouco davam suporte nos estágios iniciais dos empreendimentos, passam a colocar recursos apenas após o modelo de negócio ter se provado viável.
O dilema dos veículos de comunicação
Authors: Rosenthal Benjamin , Brito Eliane , Coelho Magali
Published: July 2018

Ficar ou sair das redes sociais? Permanecer significa ter maior difusão do conteúdo; sair, por outro lado, diminui o risco de que as notícias sejam usadas de forma a prejudicar a reputação.
Me engana que eu gosto
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: July 2018

A contabilidade mental deveria servir para o controle rígido das despesas, mas, com frequência, burlamos as regras para gastar além do que deveríamos.
O blockchain veio para ficar
Authors: Diniz Eduardo Henrique
Published: July 2018

Estamos acostumados com uma autoridade para validar tudo quanto é certificação. No blockchain, as regras são decididas em consenso.
Social and economic transformation of the region in modern conditions
Authors: Махмудова Мухаббат , Mahmudova Muhabbat , Ефремова Вероника , Efremova Veronika
Published: July 2018

The monograph is devoted to the problem of development of social and economic space of the regional system. The paper reveals the essence, content and factors of socio-economic transformation of the regional system. The article presents the social diagnosis and analysis of economic processes in the Tyumen region since 2010.
The purpose of the present study is to determine the resource of growth of economic policy efficiency in the region, taking into account the new economic conditions prevailing in the national economy at the present stage.
Methods and methodology: in the course of the study, the authors used General scientific methods: on the basis of scientific abstraction, a retrospective analysis of the main indicators of the dynamics of socio-economic processes in the Tyumen region was carried out; in addition, the method of expert assessments, the method of data comparison was used; the dynamics and structure of the main indicators characterizing the current trends in the development and functioning of economic phenomena and processes in the regional economy were described by means of graphical interpretation of data and their grouping.
The difference of this publication from the available literature is that in the present work the transformation processes of the economic space of the regional system are systematized. The monograph presents the results of social diagnostics and analysis of current trends in the development of socio-economic phenomena and processes.
The scientific problem solved in the present work is not only in the review of the current situation, but also allows to reveal the regional features of socio-economic processes in order to identify promising areas of development of the economic potential of the region in the new economic conditions.
The importance of this work is the possibility of using the results of the study to justify the future directions of development of the economic potential of the Tyumen region and to justify the basic methods and tools of regional policy.
The publication is of interest to researchers, students, undergraduates, employees of state and municipal authorities and all those interested in the problems of regional economy.In particular, the materials of the publication can be used in the preparation of students of economic areas in the disciplines: "Economic theory", "macroeconomics", "Regional and industrial markets", "Innovative economy".
The Role of Calibration Committees in Subjective Performance Evaluation Systems
Authors: Demeré B. William , Sedatole Karen L. , Woods Alexander
Published: July 2018

We provide the first empirical evidence of the role that calibration committees play in subjective performance evaluation systems. Using proprietary data from a large multinational organization, we begin by showing that calibration committees adjust ratings sparingly (i.e., 25% adjustment rate), but when they do, downward adjustments are significantly more frequent and of greater magnitude than upward adjustments. Calibration committees tend to downward (upward) adjust ratings of supervisors who give higher (lower) than average initial ratings. Taken together, calibration committees improve the consistency of ratings across supervisors and mitigate leniency bias, but exacerbate centrality bias. We also show that calibration committees facilitate the appropriate allocation of decision rights by deferring rating decisions to supervisors who possess a relatively greater information advantage. That is, calibration committees are less likely to adjust the rating of a subordinate who is further removed from committee members in the organizational hierarchy. Finally, we show that calibration committees promote supervisor learning about organizational performance rating expectations through calibration adjustments. This study contributes to the literature on performance evaluation by providing new insights regarding the organizational dynamics of subjective performance evaluation systems when decision rights span hierarchical levels of the organization.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
Heart murmurs: what matters
Authors: Hallowell Gayle
Published: July 2018

Cardiac murmurs are a common finding in the adult horse and the majority are physiological. However, it is necessary to be able to differentiate between variations of normal and abnormal to ensure that potential performance and safety limiting conditions are identified and appropriately evaluated. The most common murmurs vary depending on the predominant horse type and age that is being evaluated. Cardiac examinations, including cardiac auscultation, are a fundamental part of determining the likely diagnosis when a murmur is auscultated, and also form part of the decision-making process to identify what is likely to be significant. Loud (>3/6) and wide-radiating murmurs should undergo further evaluation in horses used for ridden exercise. Differentiation of diastolic from systolic murmurs is extremely important for decision-making. The most common left-sided systolic murmurs are associated with physiological aortic flow, mitral regurgitation, increased pulmonary flow secondary to a ventricular septal defect, and a ‘haemic’ murmur caused by changes in blood viscosity. The most common right-sided systolic murmurs are associated with tricuspid regurgitation and turbulent blood flow through the defect of a ventricular septal defect. Left- and right-sided diastolic murmurs are most commonly associated with aortic regurgitation, although in certain groups short, squeaky diastolic murmurs that are usually intermittent can be physiological in nature.
Simulation of a Gan-Based Optical Diode with Sapphire Sub-Layer Which is Shaped Patterned Hemisphere, using Poynting Vector Analysis
Authors: Abbasi Marjan
Published: July 2018

Creating light source has always been an interesting matter in the field of optical devices. One of the activities in this field is the effort to build optical diodes and High-efficiency lasers. The aim of this study was to use GaN-based diode lasers with Shaped patterned hemisphere algorithm using Poynting vector analysis can cause modification in output light efficiency. In this article we get to know with time-based finite difference method as one of the analyzing and electromagnetic equations solving and also check out parsing method and data analysis by using APSYS simulator. Results of simulation not only infer that PSS can decrease reflexive angle in the form of hemisphere, but also increase the Transmission angle and all this so that light reflection on it to be increased, moreover, increasing cone in its formula causes increase in light performance.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Pomegranate Collected from Patnitop, Jammu & Kashmir
Authors: Kaur Ramanjeet , Aslam Lubna , Kapoor Nisha , Mahajan Ritu
Published: July 2018

Wild pomegranate is an ancient fruit with known medicinal and curative properties, attributing to overall positive health. The present study focuses on phytochemical analysis and the antioxidant potential of the fruits (red and green), leaves and flowers of wild pomegranate. High amount of carbohydrates and proteins were observed in red fruits, followed by green fruit, while they were low in flowers and leaves. However, leaves possessed higher amounts of phenolics and tannins as compared to other tissues and fruit extracts. Highest radical scavenging effect was observed in red fruit with EC50 value 70.33µg/ml as compared to other tissues. The ferric reducing potential was significantly higher in red fruit (310.99 ± 0.98 µmol Fe2+/ g dry matter) in comparison to green fruit extracts of wild pomegranate. The results indicated that methanolic extract of red fruits are pharmacologically more active and can be exploited for studying the pharmacokinetics of various bioactive compounds present in wild pomegranate.
Molecular Evolution of the Negative Regulatory Gene (NIFL) from Azotobacter Chroococcum and its Nitrogenase Activity
Authors: Sellamuthu Gothandapani , Shankar Prabha , Soundarapandian Sekar , Paul Sangeeta , C. Padaria Jasdeep
Published: July 2018

Two isolates of Azotobacter chroococcum (A. chroococcum CBD15 and A. chroococcum W5), were characterized for their atmospheric nitrogen fixing efficiency and ability to produce plant growth promoting hormone. The isolates, A. chroococcum CBD15 and A. chroococcum W5, were observed the production of Indole acetic acid (IAA) and nitrogen fixation in the absence of any inorganic nitrogen source. The ability nitrogen fixation was estimated by acetylene reduction studies revealed that A. chroococcum CBD15 produced 693.3 nmole C2H4 h-1 mg-1 whereas A. chroococcum W5 produced 523.4 nmole C2H4 h-1 mg-1. Nitrogenase activity of both the isolates was reduced when grown in media containing nitrogen source (ammonia or urea), in comparison to media lacking any nitrogen source. The nifL gene, which is one of the most important regulatory gene of nitrogen fixation pathway, was isolated from A. chroococcum CBD15 and A. chroococcum W5. Sequence analysis revealed that both nifL gene sequences have maximum homology with nifL gene of A. vinelandii and Pseudomonas oryzae respectively. The genetic manipulation of nifL gene of A. chrococcum will lead to development of an efficient bioinoculant for sustainable agriculture.
Cytogenotoxic Effects of Ferula asafoetida as Homoeopathic Drug in Vicia faba
Authors: Dayal Sangeeta , Noopur Alka , Kumar Harshal
Published: July 2018

Extract of Ferula asafoetida (Heeng) is commonly used as Homoeopathic drug to cure various stomach related problems. There has been significant controversy associated with the side effects of Homoeopathic drugs. The effects of different concentrations of heeng on the chromosomes of Vicia faba was investigated. 5%, 10%, 20% & 30% of Ferula asafoetida were used for 4hrs, 8hrs, 12hrs and 24 hrs followed by acetocarmine squash procedure. All the concentrations showed mitoinhibitory effect in root tips of Vicia faba and also observed so many chromosomal aberrations (clastogenic). The most observed aberrations were sticky chromosomes, chromatin bridges, chromatin fragments and laggards at every stage of mitotic division . The result of present study clearly established the cytogenotoxic behaviour of heeng as Homoeopathic drug.
A Review on the Biological Resistance of Terricolous Microorganisms
Authors: Abootorabi Mitra
Published: July 2018

The excessive use of chemical pesticides to confront pests causes environmental pollution. Furthermore, plant pathogens resist chemical pesticides. When such pathogens accumulate in plants or soil, they will cause harmful effects on humans. Biological control is an alternative method that reduces or terminates the use of chemical compounds in agriculture. Biological control is also carried out by microorganisms. Bacteria are the main group of these microorganisms. Due to the extensive presence in the soil, tolerating changes of temperature, pH, and salinity as well as producing endospore resistant species, Bacillus bacteria are used in biological control of soil. Bacillus species are often found in soil and rhizosphere. These bacteria help with the control of plant pathogens by producing siderophore, secretion of enzymes, production of antibiotics and inducing systemic resistance. In this study, various biological control mechanisms which are carried out by microorganisms have been reviewed.
Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities of water extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. leaves in diabetic rat
Authors: HERNAWAN UDHI EKO , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to know the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic activities of water extract of bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa [L.] Pers.) leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rat. Phytochemical studies was conducted to determinate the tannin-contents of the water extract (WE). Male Wistar rats (150- 180 9 BW) were used in this study. The rats were divided into six groups: nonnal control; diabetic control; glibenclamide; WE 0.1 g/200 9 BW; WE 0.2 g/200 9 BW; and WE 0.5 g/200 9 BW. Dried leaves of bungur extracted with boiling water (50 g/L) for 30 minutes. The extract administered orally. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were determined at 0, 2, 4, 6 hours after treatment. Total phenol, ellagitannin, gallotannin, and condensed-tannin were determined from the WE. The results showed that WE exhibited hypoglycaemic activity at doses 0.2 g/200 9 BW and 0.5 g/200 9 BW. The last dose showed similar hypoglycaemic activity compared with glibenclamide. All doses showed the hypolipidaemic activity higher than glibenclamide. Phytochemical studies showed that the WE containing total phenol 0.025%; ellagitannin 0.011%; gallotannin 0.0199%; and condensed-tannin 0.0167%.
Synthesis of chitosan from chitin of escargot (Achatina fulica)
Authors: KUSUMANINGSIH TRIANA , MASYKUR ABU , ARIEF USMAN
Published: July 2018

Chitosan has been made from chitin that was deacetylated from escargot (Achatina fulica). The purification of chitin was done by deproteination, demineralization, and depigmentation. Identification of chitin and chitosan was done by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Characterization of chitosan was determined by water and mineral content, molecular weight, polymerization degree and degree of deacetylation. The result of research was obtained chitosan 6,95%, crystal, white brownish color, odorless, 3,26Â±0,45% water content, 10,11Â±0,38% mineral content, 889,78 molecular weight average with degree of polymerization 5 and degree of deacetylation 74,78-77,99%.
REVIEW: The new paradigm of curcumin and its anticancer activity
Authors: NURROCHMAD ARIEF
Published: July 2018

Curcumin, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. is used as a coloring and flavoring additive in many foods and has attracted interest because of its antioxidant activity, antiinflammatory and chemopreventive activities. Various curcumin-related phenols have also been found in edible or medicinal plants, especially in Zingiberaceae. Curcumin has a unique conjugated structure including two methoxylated phenols and an enol form of Î²-diketone, and the structure shows a typical radical trapping ability as a chain-breaking antioxidant. Curcumin has demonstrated anticarcinogenic effects in numerous animal models including skin and gastrointestinal carcinomas. Curcumin also inhibited benzo[a]pyren- or DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene)-induced skin cancer in a mice carcinogenesis model. Curcumin inhibits chemically induced carcinogenesis in the skin, forestomach, and colon when it is administered during initiation and/or postinitiation stages. Curcumin directly inhibited the activity of COX-2. The anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin have been attributed, at least in part, to suppression of PG synthesis. Curcumin also inhibited COX-2 transcription in bile acid and phorbol ester-treated gastrointestinal cell lines. Additionally, administration of curcumin into the rats during the initiation and postinitiation stages and throughout the promotion/progression stage increased apoptosis in the colon tumors. This article provide a mechanistic basis for the antioxidant, chemopreventive and antiinflammatory related-anticancer properties of curcumin.
Growth, nitrogen, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr. leaves at different shade
Authors: PRADNYAWAN SRI WAHYUDYANA HURIP , MUDYANTINI WIDYA , MARSUSI MARSUSI
Published: July 2018

The objectives of this research were to find out the influence and optimal different shading on growth, nitrogen, carotenoid, and chlorophyll content of Gynura procumbens leaf. Research was carried out in the greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture Sebelas Maret University and Central Laboratory Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, in June until October 2003. Completely randomized design with single factor was used as follow: 0%, 40%, and 70% shading with 10 replications each treatment. Observation including growth parameters (plant height, surface leafâ€™s area, dry weight) and the contents of nitrogen, chlorophyll, and carotenoid. Data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by DMRT test at 5% confidence level and regression test. The result indicated that 40% shading had proven to increase growth parameters, 70% shading giving significant effect on nitrogen and chlorophyll content, while 0% shading showed to increase carotenoid content.
The effect of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oils toward quality of Oreochromis niloticus fillet in the cold storage
Authors: WIDATI RIKHAYATI RATIH , SURANTO SURANTO , PANGASTUTI ARTINI
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research was to study the effect of Ocimum basilicum L. essentials oils toward quality of Oreochromis niloticus fillet during cold storage by examining in the physical, chemical, and microbiological treatments respectivelly. The research was conducted using the complete random design of factorial consisting of 2 factors: (i) the variation of O. basilicum essential oils treatment, there were without essential oils, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.075%; (ii) the duration of fish storage: 0, 3, and 6 days. The observed parameters were: the physical freshness of fish, total volatile base (TVB), pH, water value, total plate count and organoleptic test. The data were analyzed by determine treatment effect toward all variable and duncanâ€™s multiple range test (DMRT) on the level 5%. The results showed that based on the physically testing control become deterioration on the third day, while fillet added with O. basilicum essential oils become deterioration in six days. Based on TVB test, the control fillet and fillet treated with 0.075% of O. basilicum essential oils become deterioration on the day of six. Fillet treated with 0.025% and 0.05% of O. basilicum essential oils still fresh in six days. The highest increasing of water value was on the control of fillet. Based on the microbiological test, the addition of O. basilicum essential oils reduced the bacterial number, fillet still fresh on the third day
Reduction of exoprotease production in Aeromonas hydrophila by tomato fruits extract (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: AINI NUR , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: July 2018

Aeromonas hydrophila is pathogenic bacteria in fish. One of its virulence factors is exoprotease. The production of exoprotease is controlled by a quorum sensing system. Quorum sensing is an intercellular communication of bacteria that using a signal molecule of C4-HSL. The exoprotease production of A. hydrophila can be blocked by using quorum sensing inhibitors. The inhibition of quorum sensing of A. hydrophila can be conducted by C4-HSL analogs molecules. In this research, the molecules that predicted as quorum sensing inhibitors and act as C4-HSL analog molecules were furanone from tomato fruits. The inhibition of quorum sensing of A. hydrophila could be shown by a reduction of exoprotease production. The aim of this research was to determine the reduction of exoprotease production of A. hydrophila by extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol of tomato fruits with the concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%, respectively. The qualitative exoprotease assay result showed that n-hexane extract of tomato had no effect on growth and exoprotease production of A. hydrophila. As much as 4% of ethyl acetate extract of tomato fruits could inhibit exoprotease production, but affect A. hydrophilla growth. Meanwhile, 4% methanol extract of tomato fruits could inhibit exoprotease production, without affect A. hydrophilla growth. The quantitative exoprotease assay result showed that 4% of methanol extract could inhibit exoprotease production by 71.68% without affect the growth of A. hydrophila.
The influence of salam leaf (Eugenia polyantha) adding on the microbiological quality, organoleptic quality and salted duck egg shell-life during storage in room temperature
Authors: FITRI ANA , SETYANINGSIH RATNA , SUSILOWATI ARI
Published: July 2018

Fitri A, Setyaningsih R, Susilowati A. 2007. The influence of salam leaf (Eugenia polyantha) adding on the microbiological quality, organoleptic quality and salted duck egg shell-life during storage in room temperature. Biofarmasi 5: 47-54. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of salam leaf (Eigenia polyantha Wight) concentration variation on the microbiological quality, organoleptic quality and the salted duck egg shell-life during storage in room temperature. In this research, the salam leaf concentration that added consisted of four levels. The ratio of salam leaf-water were 1:4, 2:4, 3:4, and control. The analysis of experimental parameters was carried out once in 2 weeks for 4 weeks. The experimental parameters were the presence of Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus number, organoleptic value, and total volatile bases (TVB). The presence of Salmonella sp. and the number of Staphylococcus aureus data were analyzed descriptively, while the organoleptic data were analyzed by using nonparametric test and followed with correlation and regression analysis. Data were analyzed by using a General Linear Model on TVB and followed with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) on the significance level of 5%, correlation and regression analysis. The result of this research showed that there was no Salmonella sp. contained in the salted egg for 4 weeks storage. The highest number of Staphylococcus aureus was found on the salted egg which stored for 4 weeks and ratio 1:4 of salam leaf-water. However, the result of organoleptic test showed that salam leaf addition did not influence on the accepting of salted duck egg significantly and had a negative correlation. Salam leaf concentration influenced on TVB of the salted duck egg in different storage duration at a room temperature and had a positive correlation.
Influence of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour addition in ration to digestibility of dry matter and organic matter on male local lamb
Authors: DAMASTO PRABOWO EDY , SUDIYONO SUDIYONO , SUBAGYO Y.B.P.
Published: July 2018

Damasto PE, Sudiyono, Subagyo YBP. 2008. Influence of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) flour addition in ration to digestibility of dry matter and organic matter on male local lamb. Biofarmasi 6): 52-57. Lamb livestock is one of supplier from animal protein in Indonesia, which potential to be developed, but the management system used was still traditional. One of important factor in lamb livestock productivity is feed, therefore the fulfillment of feed, either from its quantity and quality, is absolutely necessary. Besides that, to increase consumption, growth, digestibility, health, and feed efficiency, the livestock needs the existence of feed additive. Feed additive is a special substance that intending to be enhanced in livestock ration for its certain purpose. In this research, feed additive substance was temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb) flour. The purpose of this research was to find out the influence of temulawak flour addition in ration to the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter on male local lamb. This research had been done from September 13th, 2007 until November 23rd, 2007 on Minifarm of Animal Husbandry Program of Agriculture Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, which located in Jatikuwung, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar, Central Java. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). This research used 16 lambs with 12.07Â±1.11 kg of body weight, divided into four treatments, i.e. P0, P1, P2, and P3, each treatment was consisted of four replications, and each replication used one male local lamb. The treatments were P0 = 0% temulawak flour (as a control), P1 = 0.5% temulawak flour, P2 = 1% temulawak flour, and P3 = 1.5% temulawak flour. The parameters observed were dry matter intake, organic matter intake, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The result of this research for each treatment (P0, P1, P2, P3) on dry matter intake was 681.97, 667.48, 695.72, and 688.04 grams/lamb/day, on organic matter intake were 589.91, 576.64, 600.76, and 595.68 grams/lamb/day, on dry matter digestibility were 64.76, 63.20, 68.27, and 68.39%, and on organic matter digestibility were 70.63, 68.75, 73.15, and 73.44%. Analysis variance showed the different result was not significant at all of parameters and treatments. The conclusion was the addition of temulawak flour until the level of 1.5% from total ration had no effect on dry matter intake, organic matter intake, and dry matter and organic matter digestibility on male local lamb.
Study of phytic acid and protein contents during velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens) tempe production with variation of size reduction and fermentation time
Authors: ROKHMAH LAELA NUR , ANAM CHOIRUL , HANDAJANI SRI , RACHMAWATI DIAN
Published: July 2018

Rokhmah LN, Anam C, Handajani S, Rachmawati D. 2009. Study of phytic acid and protein contents during velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens) tempe production with variation of size reduction and fermentation time. Biofarmasi 7: 1-9. Velvet bean is one species of Leguminoceae containing phytic acid. The advantage of phytic acid is for antioxidant. Nevertheless, phytic acid has shortage, i.e. antinutritional. Phytic acid has characteristic that it can be provided from protein to form insoluble complex of phytate and protein. The formation of phytate-protein complex causes decreasing protein availability for human body so reducing the nutrition value of the food product. The aims of this research were to determine the influence of size reduction of velvet beans seed (Mucuna pruriens) and the fermentation time on the contents of phytic acid and soluble protein on the production of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) tempe. This research is a factorial experiment that arranged in a Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with two experimental factors including size reduction (3 kinds) and the time of fermentation (5 kinds). Every 12 hours fermentation time for three kinds of velvet beans seed size, the lowest phytic acid and the highest soluble protein were showed by velvet bean tempe from grinded seeds. On the fermentation time of 36 hours for three kinds of seeds size resulted in a lowest phytic acid during fermentation, i.e. 3.32 mg/g, 1.98 mg/g, and 1.16 mg/g, respectively. The contents of highest soluble protein during fermentation obtained on fermentation for 36 hours were 19.51 mg/g, 23.73 mg/g, and 24.89 mg/g. The fermentation time and the size of velvet bean seeds affected on phytic acid and soluble protein contents of velvet bean tempe. The longer fermentation time of velvet bean tempe caused a lower phytic acid content and a higher soluble protein content. The smaller size of velvet bean seeds on tempe caused a lower phytic acid content and a higher soluble protein content. The velvet bean tempe of grinded seeds with 36 hours fermentation had the lowest of phytic acid content and the highest of soluble protein content of all samples with the variation of reducing size and the duration of fermentation. The optimally time fermentation was recommended at 36 hours prior to solid texture, and the soluble protein and the phytic acid content on 48 fermentation were not significant.
The effect of koro glinding (Phaseolus lunatus) flour addition on chemical and organoleptic properties of wheat flour-made wet noodle substituted with purple sweet potato flour
Authors: RINI ARI WIDYAS , HANDAJANI SRI , AFFANDI DIAN RACHMAWANTI
Published: July 2018

Rini AW, Handajani S, Affandi DR. 2009. The effect of koro glinding (Phaseolus lunatus) flour addition on chemical and organoleptic properties of wheat flour-made wet noodle substituted with purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flour. Biofarmasi 7: 31- 41. So far, the wheat flour used widely in Indonesia is entirely exported from foreign countries. An exploration of local resources needs to be done to save the foreign exchange. One of the alternative tubers that can substitute for flour is purple sweet potato. This tuber is not only containing high carbohydrate, but also contains coarse fibre and anthocyanin natural dye, including antioxidant. Wet noodle is a wheat flour-made processed food and the materials rich in protein such as beans. This research aimed to find out the chemical and organoleptic properties of noodle wet substituted with 20% purple sweet potato and koro glinding at various concentrations. The treatments in this research included koro glinding flour addition (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) and purple sweet potato 20% into flour wheat. The analysis conducted consisted of water, ash, protein and crude fibre contents and organic analysis (color, smell, taste, texture and whole properties). This research used a completely randomized design, and each treatment was repeated for three times. Furthermore, the data were analyzed statistically by using Anova. If the result showed the significant difference, it would be followed with DMRT test. The results of research showed the increases of water, ash, protein and crude fibre contents with koro glinding flour addition. Meanwhile, the results of organoleptic test on color, smell, taste, texture and whole properties of wet noodle indicated the decreased consumer reception level with koro glinding flour addition. The organoleptic test also indicated that panelists still like and can receive wet noodle with 20% purple sweet potato and 5% koro glinding flour addition. This wet noodle contained 40.26% water, 2.11% ash, 8.18% protein, and 2.43% crude fibre.