bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of polishing fluid composition for single crystal silicon carbide by ultrasonic assisted chemical-mechanical polishing
Authors: Ye Linzheng , Wu Jialong , Zhu Xijing , Liu Yao , Li Wenlong , Chuai Shida , Wang Zexiao
Published: October 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC) is renowned for its exceptional hardness, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and wear resistance. However, the existing process is difficult to meet the high standards of uniform corrosion in its polishing process and surface roughness and flatness after polishing, new polishing fluids and technique optimization are crucial for development. The study optimized and validated the composition of the polishing fluid used in ultrasonic-assisted chemical-mechanical polishing (UACMP). Abrasives significantly influenced the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra), contributing 67.63% and 56.43%, respectively. Organic bases and pH buffers significantly affected Ra, accounting for 19.66% and 21.44%, respectively. The optimum composition was determined, consisting of triethylamine (3wt%), potassium hydrogen phthalate (1wt%), a composite of silica and alumina abrasive particles (5wt%), and hydrogen peroxide (6wt%), which reduced the Ra from 95 nm to 3 nm. The MRR achieved 25.96 nm/min. In comparison to the 7 nm minimum roughness from the orthogonal test, the optimal scheme’s Ra was reduced by 57.14%, leading to a significant enhancement in overall surface quality. In this paper, a new type of additive is added to prepare the polishing liquid, which provides a new idea for the UACMP of SiC and has a great impact.
Differential chromatin accessibility and transcriptional dynamics define breast cancer subtypes and their lineages
Authors: Iglesia Michael D. , Jayasinghe Reyka G. , Chen Siqi , Terekhanova Nadezhda V. , Herndon John M. , Storrs Erik , Karpova Alla , Zhou Daniel Cui , Naser Al Deen Nataly , Shinkle Andrew T. , Lu Rita Jui-Hsien , Caravan Wagma , Houston Andrew , Zhao Yanyan , Sato Kazuhito , Lal Preet , Street Cherease , Martins Rodrigues Fernanda , Southard-Smith Austin N. , Targino da Costa André Luiz N. , Zhu Houxiang , Mo Chia-Kuei , Crowson Lisa , Fulton Robert S. , Wyczalkowski Matthew A. , Fronick Catrina C. , Fulton Lucinda A. , Sun Hua , Davies Sherri R. , Appelbaum Elizabeth L. , Chasnoff Sara E. , Carmody Madelyn , Brooks Candace , Liu Ruiyang , Wendl Michael C. , Oh Clara , Bender Diane , Cruchaga Carlos , Harari Oscar , Bredemeyer Andrea , Lavine Kory , Bose Ron , Margenthaler Julie , Held Jason M. , Achilefu Samuel , Ademuyiwa Foluso , Aft Rebecca , Ma Cynthia , Colditz Graham A. , Ju Tao , Oh Stephen T. , Fitzpatrick James , Hwang E. Shelley , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Chheda Milan G. , Veis Deborah J. , Chen Feng , Fields Ryan C. , Gillanders William E. , Ding Li
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is defined by distinct molecular subtypes with different cells of origin. The transcriptional networks that characterize the subtype-specific tumor-normal lineages are not established. In this work, we applied bulk, single-cell and single-nucleus multi-omic techniques as well as spatial transcriptomics and multiplex imaging on 61 samples from 37 patients with BC to show characteristic links in gene expression and chromatin accessibility between BC subtypes and their putative cells of origin. Regulatory network analysis of transcription factors underscored the importance of BHLHE40 in luminal BC and luminal mature cells and KLF5 in basal-like tumors and luminal progenitor cells. Furthermore, we identify key genes defining the basal-like (SOX6 and KCNQ3) and luminal A/B (FAM155A and LRP1B) lineages. Exhausted CTLA4-expressing CD8+ T cells were enriched in basal-like BC, suggesting an altered means of immune dysfunction. These findings demonstrate analysis of paired transcription and chromatin accessibility at the single-cell level is a powerful tool for investigating cancer lineage and highlight transcriptional networks that define basal and luminal BC lineages.
Climate induced microbiome alterations increase cadmium bioavailability in agricultural soils with pH below 7
Authors: Drabesch Sören , Lechtenfeld Oliver J. , Bibaj Esmira , León Ninin José M. , Lezama Pachecco Juan , Fendorf Scott , Planer-Friedrich Britta , Kappler Andreas , Muehe E. Marie
Published: October 2024

Climate change and metals independently stress soil microbiomes, but their combined effects remain unresolved. Here we show that future climate affects soil cadmium through altered soil microbiome and nutrient cycles, with soil pH as critical factor. In soils with pH<7 and during summer temperatures, future climate increased porewater cadmium, shifting total and potentially active taxonomic microbiome structures. Microbial ammonium oxidation released protons liberating cadmium through cation exchange from mineral surfaces. When porewater cadmium levels became toxic to non-cadmium-tolerant bacteria, microbial activity, and nutrient cycling decreased, reducing carbon and nitrogen emissions. In contrast, pH>7 soil show no climate impacts on cadmium mobilization, though imprints on microbiome structure were apparent. Subsequent nutrient cycling increased under future climate, stimulating soil respiration and nitrous oxide release. These findings underscore complex interactions between climate change and soil contaminants affecting the soil microbiome and its activity and highlights potential impacts on crop production, groundwater quality, and climate feedback.
Role of local governments in EU member states’ climate policy and legislation
Authors: Kastelein Robert
Published: October 2024

This article provides a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges that local governments have in achieving climate objectives, both within EU member states’ national climate policy and national climate law, and how this relates to the literature on multi-level governance. More specifically, the differences and similarities between the national climate plans and national climate legislation of four selected member states (Germany, Ireland, Netherlands and Spain) have been examined. The findings from this can be related to the literature on multi-level governance when it comes to opportunities and challenges regarding the role that local governments fulfill. On the one hand, local governments are often seen as potential key drivers that can successfully work together and whose involvement can lead to more effective climate governance. On the other hand, local governments are legally and financially dependent on higher levels of government in the implementation of their assigned climate-related tasks and responsibilities.
Specific symptom change associated with ecological momentary assessments of intrusive trauma memories
Authors: Pollmann Yara , Clancy Kevin J. , Devignes Quentin , Ren Boyu , Kaufman Milissa L. , Rosso Isabelle M.
Published: October 2024

As the global prevalence of exposure to traumatic events rises, there is a growing need for accessible and scalable treatments for trauma-related disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Intrusive reexperiencing symptoms, such as trauma-related intrusive memories (TR-IMs), are central to PTSD and a target of gold-standard treatments that are effective but resource-intensive. This study examined whether completing a brief ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol assessing the occurrence and phenomenology of TR-IMs was associated with decreases in intrusion symptom severity. Trauma-exposed adults (N = 139) experiencing at least 2 TR-IMs per week related to a DSM-5 criterion A traumatic event completed a 2-week EMA protocol. During this period, they reported on 18 sensory-perceptual and affective qualities of their TR-IMs three times per day and on posttraumatic stress symptom severity at day’s end. Longitudinal symptom measurements were entered into linear mixed-effects models to test the effect of Time on symptom severity. Over the 2-week protocol, intrusion symptom severity decreased, while other symptom cluster scores did not change. Within the intrusion symptoms, this effect was specific to TR-IMs and emotional reactivity to trauma reminders, and was not moderated by survey completion rate, total PTSD symptom severity, ongoing treatment, or time since trauma. This study was quasi-experimental and lacked a control group, therefore no definitive conclusions about clinical utility can be made. Nonetheless, these findings provide preliminary proof-of-principle and warrant future clinical trials assessing the clinical efficacy of EMAs of intrusive trauma memories as a scalable treatment option targeting intrusive memory symptoms.
Aberrant fragmentomic features of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA as novel biomarkers for multi-cancer detection
Authors: Liu Yang , Peng Fan , Wang Siyuan , Jiao Huanmin , Dang Miao , Zhou Kaixiang , Guo Wenjie , Guo Shanshan , Zhang Huanqin , Song Wenjie , Xing Jinliang
Published: October 2024

Fragmentomic features of circulating cell free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) including fragmentation profile, 5’ end base preference and motif diversity are poorly understood. Here, we generated ccf-mtDNA sequencing data of 1607 plasma samples using capture-based next generation sequencing. We firstly found that fragmentomic features of ccf-mtDNA were remarkably different from those of circulating cell free nuclear DNA. Furthermore, region-specific fragmentomic features of ccf-mtDNA were observed, which was associated with protein binding, base composition and special structure of mitochondrial DNA. When comparing to non-cancer controls, six types of cancer patients exhibited aberrant fragmentomic features. Then, cancer detection models were built based on the fragmentomic features. Both internal and external validation cohorts demonstrated the excellent capacity of our model in distinguishing cancer patients from non-cancer control, with all area under curve higher than 0.9322. The overall accuracy of tissue-of-origin was 89.24% and 87.92% for six cancer types in two validation cohort, respectively. Altogether, our study comprehensively describes cancer-specific fragmentomic features of ccf-mtDNA and provides a proof-of-principle for the ccf-mtDNA fragmentomics-based multi-cancer detection and tissue-of-origin classification.
A broad-spectrum peptide screening method using an optimized solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry for doping control in equine urine
Authors: Ohnuma Kohei , Hirano-Kodaira Misato , Bannai Michiko , Shimizu Yoshibumi , Yamada Masayuki , Kinoshita Kenji , Ngai-Wa Leung Gary , Ishii Hideaki
Published: October 2024

The abuse of prohibited peptide-based drugs with a broad spectrum of chemical characteristics poses a significant concern for the horseracing industry.
Recent advances in carrier-free natural small molecule self-assembly for drug delivery
Authors: Sun Yehua , Lei Changyang , Qiao Renzhong , Li Chao
Published: October 2024

Carrier-free self-assembly has emerged as a promising therapeutic means for drug delivery. This review systematically introduces the modes and molecular mechanisms of natural drug self-assembly, and provides an outlook on future research directions.
Dissolution of zirconium–cerium oxide solid solution in an aqueous system
Authors: Kobayashi Taishi , Sato Yutaro , Tonna Ryutaro , Matsumura Daiju , Sasaki Takayuki , Ikeda-Ohno Atsushi
Published: October 2024

The dissolution mechanism of zirconium–cerium oxide solid solution containing the redox-active pair of Ce(iii) and -(iv) was investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and solubility measurements.
The mechanism of Mo-nitrogenase: from N2 capture to first release of NH3
Authors: Dance Ian
Published: October 2024

I describe how nitrogenase catalyses N2 → HNNH → HNNH2 → NH3 + NH and how the calculated dynamics explain recent kinetics data.
Unveiling nanoscale fluid miscible behaviors with nanofluidic slim-tube
Authors: Wang Zengding , Zhang Tianjiang , Liu Shanchao , Ding Keli , Liu Tengyu , Yao Jun , Sun Hai , Yang Yongfei , Zhang Lei , Wang Wendong , Jia Cunqi , Delshad Mojdeh , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Zhong Junjie
Published: October 2024

We developed a nanofluidic method to visualize fluid miscible behaviors in nanoscale and multiscale porous media. Nano-confinement reduces MMP, while multiscale structures increase MMP, unveiling distinct miscible stages.
Heavy metal leaching from stormwater control measures – insights into field and lab prestressed media and road-deposited sediments
Authors: Stinshoff Philipp , Henn Yannic , Rommel Steffen H. , Helmreich Brigitte
Published: October 2024

Heavy metals bound to filter media from stormwater control measures can leach out under unfavorable conditions. The potential overestimation due to different prestressing (lab vs. field) was evaluated with respect to the potential mobile fraction.
Synthesis and magneto-dielectric properties of Ti-doped Ni0.5Zn0.5TixFe2−xO4 ferrite via a conventional sol–gel process
Authors: Farzana Alam M. , Atikur Rahman M. , Hossain Md. Sarowar , Khan M. N. I. , Rashid R. , Saiful Islam M. , Ghann William , Alam M. K. , Uddin Jamal
Published: October 2024

Ni–Zn-based ferrites (NZFO) need to possess the ideal ratio of dielectric and magnetic characteristics for uses involving electromagnetic fields.
Twist-angle dependent pseudo-magnetic fields in monolayer CrCl2/graphene heterostructures
Authors: Cheng Zhengbo , Liu Nanshu , Deng Jinghao , Zhang Hui , Pan Zemin , Zhu Chao , Lu Shuangzan , Bai Yusong , Lin Xiaoyu , Ji Wei , Zhang Chendong
Published: October 2024

The realization of twist-angel dependent pseudo-magnetic fields in epitaxial graphene by building a symmetry-breaking monolayer CrCl2/graphene heterostructure.
On the design of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles to treat inflammatory conditions
Authors: Marinho Andreia , Reis Salette , Nunes Cláudia
Published: October 2024

Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CMCNPs) offer targeted and effective treatment for chronic inflammatory conditions by mimicking natural cell interactions and enhancing immune evasion.
In situ synthesis of an Al and V co-doped TiO2 NTA interlayer-enhanced PbO2 composite for efficient zinc electrowinning
Authors: Su Shengyou , Wang Xuanbing , Yang Linjing , Liu Tianyang , Wang Junli , Xu Ruidong
Published: October 2024

The high overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the strong corrosion of the anode are the main problems currently faced by the zinc hydrometallurgical process.
Facile engineering of TiO2@Pd based hybrid heterogeneous nanostructures for enhanced NO2 gas sensing at room temperature under UV activation
Authors: Pham Thi Minh Thu , Pasupuleti Kedhareswara Sairam , Jeong Tae Hyeon , Lee Seung Min , Nguyen Thi Hong Men , Kim Moon-Deock , Kim Young Heon
Published: October 2024

A highly porous TiO2@Pd hybrid HNs are synthesized for selective ppb-level NO2 detection under UV light at room temperature, showing exceptional sensitivity and excellent stability to NO2 across various temperature and humidity conditions.
Advanced strategies for controlling three-phase boundaries in photocatalysis
Authors: Mohapatra Lagnamayee , Paramanik Lekha , Sabnam Subhashree , Yoo Seung Hwa
Published: October 2024

This review highlights the crucial role of TPBs in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency for nitrogen, oxygen, and water reduction. It covers recent progress, challenges, and future directions to optimize TPBs for sustainable energy technologies.
Nanorod structure tuning and defect engineering of MoOx for high-performance SERS substrates
Authors: Vo Huu Trong , Thi Thu Hong Le , Nguyen Hoang Long , Huynh Thuy Doan Khanh , Duy Khanh Nguyen , Anh Tuan Dao , Le Thi Minh Huyen , Huu Ke Nguyen , Le Vu Tuan Hung
Published: October 2024

In recent years, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on metal oxide semiconductors has been an active area of research and development, attracting significant scientific interest.
Correction: Nucleic acid detection with single-base specificity integrating isothermal amplification and light-up aptamer probes
Authors: Baek Jaekyun , Park Jihyun , Kim Youngeun
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Nucleic acid detection with single-base specificity integrating isothermal amplification and light-up aptamer probes’ by Jaekyun Baek et al., Nanoscale, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NR01638F.
Facile synthesis of functionalized quinolinones in a green reaction medium and their photophysical properties
Authors: Keerthana Pari , Suresh Sundararajan , Nawaz Khan Fazlur Rahman
Published: October 2024

A green, one-pot sequential synthesis of functionalized quinolinones from benzhydrol is reported. This method features mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, scalability, and excellent yields. The photophysical properties were also explored.
Interrogating the potential of helical aromatic foldamers for protein recognition
Authors: Kwon Sunbum , Morozov Vasily , Wang Lingfei , Mandal Pradeep K. , Chaignepain Stéphane , Douat Céline , Huc Ivan
Published: October 2024

Exposing a helical foldamer bearing multiple side chains to all the proteins contained in a yeast cell lysate allowed for the identification of protein binders in the nanomolar range.
Gold-catalyzed fluorination of alkynes/allenes: mechanistic explanations and reaction scope
Authors: Roy Deblina Singha , Tanwer Yogesh Bhaskar Singh , Patra Snigdha Rani , Kumar Shivam , Bhunia Sabyasachi , Das Debjit
Published: October 2024

The review focuses on gold-catalyzed nucleophilic and electrophilic fluorination of alkynes and allenes to direct access the valuable fluoroalkanes, fluoroalkenes, α-fluorocarbonyls, and fluorinated carbo- and hetero-cycles.
Dual effects of Ag+ intercalation boosting the kinetics and stability of NH4V4O10 cathodes for enhanced zinc ion storage
Authors: Fang Zhou , Tong Yi , Yang Yue , Hu Anjun , Long Jianping , Zhao Yan , Lai Xin , Gao Daojiang , Liu Mengjiao
Published: October 2024

The present work simultaneously addresses the structural instability and poor diffusion kinetics of NH4V4O10 cathodes using Ag+ intercalation, providing a new perspective on transition metal ion intercalation towards high-performance cathodes for AZIBs.
Design of peptide therapeutics as protein–protein interaction inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ariawan Daryl , Thananthirige Kanishka P. M. , El-Omar Ali , van der Hoven Julia , Genoud Sian , Stefen Holly , Fath Thomas , van Eersel Janet , Ittner Lars M. , Tietz Ole
Published: October 2024

Peptide therapeutics are an emerging class of drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting protein–protein interactions (PPIs).
Dynamic spin reordering in a hybrid layered ferrimagnet with intercalated biferrocenium radicals
Authors: Liu Qingxin , Kosaka Wataru , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: October 2024

A hybrid layered magnet with a free-spin-sandwiched structure was synthesized using biferrocenium cation [bifc]+ as the free-spin component, revealing the characteristic magnetic transition nature of the spin-sandwiched magnetic layer.
Probing decoherence in molecular 4f qubits
Authors: Hansen Steen H. , Buch Christian D. , Petersen Jonatan B. , Rix Michelle , Ubach I Cervera Marc , Strandfelt Asger , Winpenny Richard E. P. , McInnes Eric J. L. , Piligkos Stergios
Published: October 2024

We probe herein the fundamental factors that induce decoherence in ensembles of molecular magnetic materials.
A focus on capacitive cation sensing under flow: play it again SAM
Authors: Gupta Debapriya , Flood Amar H.
Published: October 2024

We highlight an article by Patrick et al. (Chem. Sci., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC05271D) that integrates capacitance spectroscopy with a continuous flow assay to achieve reagentless electrochemical sensing.
Morphology and line tension of twist disclinations in a nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Chen Yihao , Mandić Mina , Slaughter Charlotte G. , Tanaka Michio , Kikkawa James M. , Collings Peter J. , Yodh A. G.
Published: October 2024

This work characterizes twist disclinations in nematic liquid crystals, using confocal microscopy to measure their 3D profile and test theoretical predictions, and using magnetic fields to deform the disclinations and measure their line tension.
Enhanced reduction of CO to C2 products on MoS2 nanoribbons by edge engineering
Authors: Tao Jiangke , Liu Di , Yu Zhichao , Pan Hui
Published: October 2024

Engineering the edge of MoS2 nanoribbons promotes selective CO reduction to C2 products.
Phage diversity in One Health
Authors: Pye Hannah V. , Krishnamurthi Revathy , Cook Ryan , Adriaenssens Evelien M.
Published: October 2024

One Health aims to bring together human, animal, and environmental research to achieve optimal health for all. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that kill bacteria and their utilisation as biocontrol agents in the environment and as therapeutics for animal and human medicine will aid in the achievement of One Health objectives. Here, we assess the diversity of phages used in One Health in the last 5 years and place them in the context of global phage diversity. Our review shows that 98% of phages applied in One Health belong to the class Caudoviricetes, compared to 85% of sequenced phages belonging to this class. Only three RNA phages from the realm Riboviria have been used in environmental biocontrol and human therapy to date. This emphasises the lack in diversity of phages used commercially and for phage therapy, which may be due to biases in the methods used to both isolate phages and select them for applications. The future of phages as biocontrol agents and therapeutics will depend on the ability to isolate genetically novel dsDNA phages, as well as in improving efforts to isolate ssDNA and RNA phages, as their potential is currently undervalued. Phages have the potential to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance, however, we are underutilising the vast diversity of phages present in nature. More research into phage genomics and alternative culture methods is required to fully understand the complex relationships between phages, their hosts, and other organisms in the environment to achieve optimal health for all.
Considerations for prioritising clinical research using bacteriophage
Authors: Edwards Sarah J.L. , Tao Yiran , Elias Rodas , Schooley Robert
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, as it contributes to prolonged illness, higher mortality rates and increased healthcare costs. As traditional antibiotics become less effective, treatments such as bacteriophage therapy offer potential solutions. The question remains, however, on how to set research priorities in the face of a growing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, some common and/or dangerous. One standard way of making decisions about which research to prioritise is by using the disability-adjusted life year metric to estimate the current global impact of a disease or condition, combined with considerations of social justice although decisions made at a national level by governments, especially in low income countries with forecasting potential over future needs may look very different. Another approach is based on the needs of researchers and regulators given what we know about the technology itself. The biological characteristics of bacteriophage therapies set challenges to a universal and standardised prioritisation method. A proof of principle is still arguably needed. With a preliminary discussion of the scope and complexity of AMR and AMR therapeutics, we propose some implications of regulatory frameworks aiming to integrate bacteriophage therapy into mainstream medical practice while gathering scientific data on safety and efficacy, enhancing the collective action needed to combat AMR.
Cultural Perceptions of Language Development in a Population Sample of 54-Month-Old Children From Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Newbury Jayne , White Bridget , Meissel Kane , Panther Noriko , Cook Helena , Cowie Rahera , Reese Elaine
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

There is a dearth of information on cultural perceptions of children's language development for ethnic minorities in New Zealand to guide service provision. The current study explored differences across ethnicities in mothers' report of language concern and child language scores within a complex cultural, social, educational, and political context.

Method:

Data from the antenatal and 54-month waves of Growing Up in New Zealand were utilized. At the 54-month wave interviews, 5,053 mothers were asked if language concerns had been raised and to rate their child's main language proficiency along with other measures.

Results:

Logistic regression models (including influencing variables) indicated Chinese, Indian, and other Asian mothers were less likely to report language concern, whereas Māori, Pacific, other Asian, and Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African children were more likely to score low on the language measure. Higher maternal education was associated with higher child main language scores, but not with language concerns. Child multilingualism was not associated with low language scores, and these mothers were less likely to raise concern.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated differences by ethnicity in mothers' language concern and child main language scores, which are likely to affect access to speech-language pathology services, as these typically rely on parent concern being expressed. Cultural bias in the language measure may also be present. Further research is needed to ask ethnic communities their views on culturally appropriate ways to identify children with communication needs and to develop culturally safe services.
Constrained Emotional Sentence Production in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hazamy Audrey A. , Park Hyejin , Altmann Lori J. P.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Deficits in the processing and production of emotional cues are well documented in the Parkinson's disease (PD) literature; however, few have ventured to explore how impairments may impact emotional language use in this population, particularly beyond the word level. Emotional language is an important multidimensional manner of communicating one's wants and needs; thus, the current study sought to explore how various aspects of language production may be impacted by the emotionality of a stimulus.

Method:

Eighteen persons with PD and 22 healthy adults completed a constrained emotional sentence production task in which the affective target word was either a noun or a verb. Output was analyzed for fluency, grammaticality, completeness, and response initiation times. Cognitive (i.e., working memory [WM], inhibition, and switching) and mood (i.e., depression and apathy) measures were examined as factors influencing performance.

Results:

Individuals with PD produced fewer fluent responses than healthy controls. Furthermore, they had fewer grammatical responses in their production of negative sentences and exhibited reduced information completeness when producing sentences containing positive stimuli. Group differences could not be wholly attributed to individual differences in WM or apathy.

Conclusions:

Our results support those of others that document language production deficits in individuals with PD above and beyond those impairments that can be explained by the select cognitive abilities explored here. Moreover, the emotionality of the topic may impact various aspects of communicative competence in persons with PD. For instance, disease processes associated with degeneration of neural substrates important for processing negative stimuli may also impact the grammaticality of productions containing negatively valenced content. Thus, it is important to consider how individuals in this population communicate during emotional circumstances.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27289413
Executive Function Associations With Audibility-Adjusted Speech Perception in Noise
Authors: Eckert Mark A. , Matthews Lois J. , Vaden Kenneth I. , Dubno Judy R.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Speech recognition in noise is challenging for listeners and appears to require support from executive functions to focus attention on rapidly unfolding target speech, track misunderstanding, and sustain attention. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that lower executive function abilities explain poorer speech recognition in noise, including among older participants with hearing loss who often exhibit diminished speech recognition in noise and cognitive abilities.

Method:

A cross-sectional sample of 400 younger-to-older adult participants (19 to < 90 years of age) from the community-based Medical University of South CarolinaLongitudinal Cohort Study of Age-related Hearing Loss were administered tasks with executive control demands to assess individual variability in a card-sorting measure of set-shifting/performance monitoring, a dichotic listening measure of selective attention/working memory, sustained attention, and processing speed. Key word recognition in the high- and low-context speech perception-in-noise (SPIN) tests provided measures of speech recognition in noise. The SPIN scores were adjusted for audibility using the Articulation Index to characterize the impact of varied hearing sensitivity unrelated to reduced audibility on cognitive and speech recognition associations.

Results:

Set-shifting, dichotic listening, and processing speed each explained unique and significant variance in audibility-adjusted, low-context SPIN scores (
p
s < .001), including after controlling for age, pure-tone threshold average (PTA), sex, and education level. The dichotic listening and processing speed effect sizes were significantly diminished when controlling for PTA, indicating that participants with poorer hearing sensitivity were also likely to have lower executive function and lower audibility-adjusted speech recognition.

Conclusions:

Poor set-shifting/performance monitoring, slow processing speed, and poor selective attention/working memory appeared to partially explain difficulties with speech recognition in noise after accounting for audibility. These results are consistent with the premise that distinct executive functions support speech recognition in noise.
A Computational Model Reveals How Varying Muscle Activation in the Lateral Pharyngeal Wall and Soft Palate Differentiates Velopharyngeal Closure Patterns
Authors: DiSalvo Matthew D. , Blemker Silvia S. , Mason Kazlin N.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Finite element (FE) models have emerged as a powerful method to study biomechanical complexities of velopharyngeal (VP) function. However, existing models have overlooked the active contributions of the lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) in VP closure. This study aimed to develop and validate a more comprehensive FE model of VP closure to include the superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC) muscle within the LPW as an active component of VP closure.

Method:

The geometry of the velum and the lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls with biomechanical activation governed by the levator veli palatini (LVP) and SPC muscles were incorporated into an FE model of VP closure. Differing muscle activations were employed to identify the impact of anatomic contributions from the SPC muscle, LVP muscle, and/or velum for achieving VP closure. The model was validated against normative magnetic resonance imaging data at rest and during speech production.

Results:

A highly accurate and validated biomechanical model of VP function was developed. Differing combinations and activation of muscles within the LPW and velum provided insight into the relationship between muscle activation and closure patterns, with objective quantification of anatomic change necessary to achieve VP closure.

Conclusions:

This model is the first to include the anatomic properties and active contributions of the LPW and SPC muscle for achieving VP closure. Now validated, this method can be utilized to build robust, comprehensive models to understand VP dysfunction. This represents an important advancement in patient-specific modeling of VP function and provides a foundation to support development of computational tools to meet clinical demand.
Design and optimization of photonic crystal fibre THz bio‐sensor for extremely impressible identification of dengue
Authors: Ferdous Abu Hena Mohammad Iftekharul , Miah Mohammad Rasel , Noor Khalid Sifulla , Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Haque Mohammad Azizul , Bani Mosammot Momtahina , Kundu Diponkar , Ali Mohammad Feroz
Published: October 2024

The detection of human diseases is a major application for biosensors. During this work, a 2D photonic crystal fibre (PCF) biosensor design for dengue virus detection has been suggested. This work presents the decagonal hollow core PCF‐based dengue virus bio‐sensor and quantitatively investigates it over the terahertz regime. The suggested biosensor's performance is assessed using COMSOL Multiphysics, a professional tool that uses the Finite Element Method. The simulation's outcomes show that the suggested sensor performed better than earlier research, with a high sensitivity of 98.79%, 97.96%, 97.71%, 98.58%, 96.99% and 97.47% with more less confinement loss 1.2766 × 10−12 dB/m, 1.6385 × 10−12 dB/m, 2.8015 × 10−13 dB/m, 1.1798 × 10−13 dB/m, 7.0336 × 10−12 dB/m and 0.00 dB/m respectively for infected Haemoglobin (Hgb), Normal Haemoglobin (Hgb), Infected Platelets (Plt), Normal Platelets (Plt), Infected Plasma (Psm) and Normal Plasma (Psm) at 3.0 THz using the ideal geometric configuration. Very soon, its remarkable sensitivity and guiding capabilities will be crucial to dengue virus detection technology.
Power consumption state evaluation of important power customers based on AHP‐TOPSIS algorithm
Authors: Zhang Xixiang , Meng Qi , Yang Jun
Published: October 2024

In the construction of a new power system, the identification and evaluation of power consumption status of power customers will become an important basis for them to participate in the emerging businesses such as demand response and virtual power plants. In order to ensure the power safety of important power customers, a new evaluation of power consumption status of important power customers based on the AHP (analytic hierarchy process)‐TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) algorithm is proposed by fully mining and applying the power big data. Firstly, a power consumption big data analysis platform based on the Hadoop architecture is built to provide a high‐performance platform support for big data analysis. Secondly, nine evaluation indexes are constructed from the three dimensions of voltage, load and synthesis, which objectively and scientifically describes the power consumption status of important power customers. Finally, the AHP‐TOPSIS algorithm is used to evaluate and analyse the voltage, load and comprehensive indicators respectively, thus, obtaining the evaluation values of three kinds of indicators. The power consumption status scores of important power customers are determined by the variable weight weighted summation. The rationality and feasibility of the method and algorithm are proved by example analysis and field verification. This method helps to promote the transformation from post fault emergency repair to warning beforehand. It has the multiple effects of ensuring safe power consumption, supporting accurate patrolling and active emergency repair serving.
The Gaia-ESO survey: New spectroscopic binaries in the Milky Way
Authors: Van der Swaelmen M. , Merle T. , Van Eck S. , Jorissen A. , Magrini L. , Randich S. , Vallenari A. , Zwitter T. , Traven G. , Viscasillas Vázquez C. , Bragaglia A. , Casey A. , Frasca A. , Jiménez-Esteban F. , Pancino E. , Worley C. C. , Zaggia S.
Published: October 2024

Context. The Gaia-ESO survey (GES) is a large public spectroscopic survey that acquired spectra for more than 100 000 stars across all major components of the Milky Way. In addition to atmospheric parameters and stellar abundances that have been derived in previous papers of this series, the GES spectra allow us to detect spectroscopic binaries with one (SB1), two (SB2), or more (SBn ≥ 3) components.

Aims. The present paper discusses the statistics of GES SBn ≥ 2 after analysing 160 727 GIRAFFE HR10 and HR21 spectra, amounting to 37 565 unique Milky Way field targets.

Methods. Cross-correlation functions (CCFs) have been re-computed thanks to a dozen spectral masks probing a range of effective temperatures (3900 K < Teff < 8000 K), surface gravities (1.0 < log g < 4.7), and metallicities (−2.6 < [Fe/H] < 0.3). By optimising the mask choice for a given spectrum, the newly computed, so-called NACRE (NArrow CRoss-correlation Experiment) CCFs are narrower and allow more stellar components to be unblended than standard masks. The DOE (Detection Of Extrema) extremum-finding code then selects the individual components and provides their radial velocities.

Results. From the sample of HR10 and HR21 spectra corresponding to 37 565 objects, the present study leads to the detection of 322 SB2, ten SB3 (three of them being tentative), and two tentative SB4. In particular, compared to our previous study, the NACRE CCFs allowed us to multiply the number of SB2 candidates by ≈1.5. The colour-magnitude diagram reveals, as expected, the shifted location of the SB2 main sequence. A comparison between the SB identified in Gaia DR3 and the ones detected in the present work was performed and the complementarity of the two censuses is discussed. An application to the mass-ratio determination is presented, and the mass-ratio distribution of the GES SB2 is discussed. When accounting for the SB2 detection rate, an SB2 frequency of ≈1.4 % is derived within the present stellar sample of mainly FGK-type stars.

Conclusions. As primary outliers identified within the GES data, SBn spectra produce a wealth of information and useful constraints for the binary population synthesis studies.
Calibration of the JAGB method for the Magellanic Clouds and Milky Way from Gaia DR3, considering the role of oxygen-rich AGB stars
Authors: Magnus E. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Girardi L. , Pastorelli G. , Marigo P. , Boyer M. L.
Published: October 2024

The JAGB method is a new way of measuring distances in the Universe with the use of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) that are situated in a selected region in a J versus J − Ks colour–magnitude diagram (CMD), and relying on the fact that the absolute J magnitude is (almost) constant. It is implicitly assumed in the method that the selected stars are carbon-rich AGB stars (carbon stars). However, as the sample selected to determine MJ is purely colour based, there can also be contamination by oxygen-rich AGB stars in principle. As the ratio of carbon-rich to oxygen-rich stars is known to depend on metallicity and initial mass, the star formation history and age–metallicity relation in a galaxy should influence the value of MJ . The aim of this paper is to look at mixed samples of oxygen-rich and carbon-rich stars for the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and Milky way (MW) using the Gaia catalogue of long-period variables (LPVs) as a basis. The advantage of this catalogue is that it contains a classification of O- and C-stars based on the analysis of Gaia Rp spectra. The LPV catalogue is correlated with data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and samples in the LMC, SMC, and the MW are retrieved. Following methods proposed in the literature, we report the mean and median magnitudes of the selected sample using different colour and magnitude cuts and the results of fitting Gaussian and Lorentzian profiles to the luminosity function (LF). For the SMC and LMC, we confirm previous results in the literature. The LFs of the SMC and LMC JAGB stars are clearly different, yet it can be argued that the mean magnitude inside a selection box agrees at the 0.021 mag level. The results of our analysis of the MW sample are less straightforward. The contamination by O-rich stars is substantial for a classical lower limit of (J − Ks)0 = 1.3, and becomes less than 10% only for (J − Ks)0 = 1.5. The sample of AGB stars is smaller than for the MCs for two reasons. Nearby AGB stars (with potentially the best determined parallax) tend to be absent as they saturate in the 2MASS catalogue, and the parallax errors of AGB stars tend to be larger compared to non-AGB stars. Several approaches have been taken to improve the situation but finally the JAGB LF for the MW contains about 130 stars, and the fit of Gaussian and Lorentzian profiles is essentially meaningless. The mean and median magnitudes are fainter than for the MC samples by about 0.4 mag which is not predicted by theory. We do not confirm the claim in the literature that the absolute calibration of the JAGB method is independent of metallicity up to solar metallicity. A reliable calibration of the JAGB method at (near) solar metallicity should await further Gaia data releases, or should be carried out in another environment.
An interferometric search for SiO maser emission in planetary nebulae
Authors: Cala Roldán A. , Gómez José F. , Miranda Luis F. , Imai Hiroshi , de Gregorio-Monsalvo Itziar , Placinta Mitrea Florin , Osorio Mayra , Anglada Guillem
Published: October 2024

Context. Maser emission of SiO, H2O, and OH is widespread in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars with oxygen- (O-) rich envelopes. This emission quickly disappears during the post-AGB phase and is extremely rare in planetary nebulae (PNe). So far, only eight PNe have been confirmed to show OH and/or H2O maser emission, and none have ever been found to show SiO maser emission.

Aims. We intend to obtain the first detection of a SiO maser from a PN. Such a detection would provide us with a useful tool to probe mass loss in PNe at a scales of a few AU from the central star, much shorter than the scales traced by H2O or OH masers.

Methods. We compiled two different samples. The first one comprises all known PNe with confirmed OH and/or H2O maser emission, as well as two candidate PNe showing OH masers. For the second sample, we compiled single-dish SiO maser detections in the literature, and compared them with catalogs of PNe and radio continuum emission (which could trace photoionized gas in PNe). We identified five targets (either PN or radio continuum sources) within the beam of the single-dish SiO maser observations. We then carried out interferometric observations of both samples with the Australia Telescope Compact Array, to confirm the spatial association between continuum and SiO maser emission.

Results. We find no SiO maser emission associated with any confirmed or candidate PN. In all targets, except IRAS 17390–3014, there is no spatial coincidence between SiO masers and radio continuum emission. While in IRAS 17390–3014 we cannot completely rule out a possible association, it is unlikely that the radio continuum emission arises from a PN.

Conclusions. The absence of SiO maser emission in PNe showing OH or H2O masers is of special interest, since thermal SiO emission has been reported in at least one of these targets, indicating that SiO molecules can be present in the gas phase. Since some maser-emitting PNe show evidence of having O-rich outer envelopes, and carbon- (C-) rich central stars and inner envelopes, we speculate that SiO abundance could be very low in the central regions where physical conditions are optimal for maser pumping, and C-bearing molecules may be dominant in the gas phase at those locations.
Les petits réacteurs calogènes de « France 2030 »
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: October 2024

France 2030 a récompensé douze projets (dont deux concernant la fusion) à travers l’appel à projets « Réacteurs innovants » notamment. Tous les porteurs de projets de fission nucléaire envisagent la production de chaleur seule ou en cogénération. Passage en revue.
Treatment Modifications in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Treated with Ticagrelor: Insights from the FORCE-ACS Registry
Authors: van der Sangen Niels M.R. , Azzahhafi Jaouad , Kikkert Wouter J. , ten Berg Jurriën M. , Chan Pin Yin Dean R.P.P. , Zaaijer Lucas J.G. , van den Broek Wout W.A. , Walhout Ronald J. , Tjon Joe Gin Melvyn , Pisters Ron , Nicastia Deborah M. , Langerveld Jorina , Vlachojannis Georgios J. , van Bommel Rutger J. , Appelman Yolande , Henriques José P.S.
Published: October 2024

Aims Patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are frequently treated with the P2Y12-inhibitor ticagrelor. Some patients prematurely discontinue ticagrelor, but the incidence of reasons for and clinical implications of treatment modification are relatively unknown.

Methods and Results Data from 4,278 ACS patients (mean age: 63.6 years, 26.1% women) who were discharged on ticagrelor and enrolled in the FORCE-ACS registry between 2015 and 2020 were used. Treatment modifications were categorized as physician-recommended discontinuation, alteration, interruption, or disruption and occurred in 26.7, 20.1, 2.8, and 3.1% of patients within 12 months of follow-up (Visual Summary). Underlying reasons for treatment modification differed per type of modification. Overall, the rate of ischemic events defined as all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke was 6.6% at 12 months of follow-up. Cox regression analysis using time-updated modification variables as independent variables showed that treatment interruption (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–5.79, p < 0.01) and disruption (adjusted HR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.07–5.07, p = 0.03) were associated with an increased risk of ischemic events even after adjustment for relevant confounders. Discontinuation and alteration were not associated with increased ischemic risk.

Conclusion In clinical practice, treatment modifications in ACS patients discharged on ticagrelor are common, although type and reasons for modification are heterogeneous. Treatment interruption and disruption are associated with excess cardiovascular risk.
Comparison of the Activity for Theaflavin Production by a Recombinant Polyphenol Oxidase and a Commercial Enzyme
Authors: Zeng Jun , Li Yajie , Li Feiyan , Zhou Sisi
Published: October 2024

Theaflavins (TFs) contribute greatly to the color and flavor of black tea, and have various bioactivities beneficial to human health. This research compared the activity for TF production from tea polyphenols of recombinant polyphenol oxidase (Malus domestica, GenBank login number LT718523.1, MdPPO2) with that of commercial polyphenol oxidase (Agaricus bisporus, AbPPO) in both free and immobilized forms. Enzyme assays by LC-MS revealed that the production of TFs by the commercial enzyme AbPPO was almost five times as high as that of free recombinant MdPPO2. When immobilized on mesoporous silica, however, the activity of recombinant MdPPO2 increased significantly, whereas AbPPO almost lost its activity. In terms of the relative enzyme activity, the immobilized recombinant MdPPO2 had the highest relative enzyme activity, which was more than six times higher than that of free AbPPO. Among the TFs that were produced, TF3 was the most abundant, followed by TF2a, TF1, and TF2b.