bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Разработка подходов к оценке эффективности маркетинговых акций для участников программ лояльности в розничной торговле (на примере аптечной сети)
Authors: Степанов Алексей Сергеевич , Чемоданов Артём Алексеевич
Published: April 2022

Решение задач, связанных с оценкой эффективности маркетинговых акций, является обязательным условием при планировании маркетинговой стратегии розничной торговой организации и развитии программ лояльности. В статье представлен алгоритм общего подхода к анализу эффективности акций, в том числе принцип формирования контрольной и основной групп с оценкой тождественности средних значений основного целевого показателя в каждой группе с использованием статистических критериев. На примере крупной аптечной сети представлена оценка эффективности двух маркетинговых акций, направленных на участников существующей бонусной программы. Было показано, что прирост целевого показателя не являлся статистически достоверным, при этом для достижения положительного экономического эффекта необходим был прирост выручки на уровне 14 % для четырехнедельной акции, и 21 % для двухнедельной. Использование предложенного подхода при предварительном планировании маркетинговых акций позволит оценить возможность достижения точки безубыточности и принять решение о целесообразности проведения, корректировки длительности и целевой аудитории акции.
Design Feasibility of Solar Power Induced Irrigation System for Agriculture
Sector in Pakistan and Its Impact on the Environment
Authors: Khoso Abdul Qadeer
Published: April 2022

The agriculture sector has become more and more environmentally friendly around the globe by utilizing renewable energy technologies however Agriculture sector in Pakistan is facing a two-pronged problem - water shortage and energy crisis, especially in the context of crop production. Currently, Irrigation in Pakistan is being done by the tube wells mainly run by fossil fuels. The excessive use of fossil fuels in conventional irrigation methods continues to pollute the environment. Also, increasing the cost of fossil fuels greatly enhances the operational cost of the users. This paper provides an alternate solution to existing fossil fuel-based irrigation systems by providing the design feasibility of the Solar Power Induced Irrigation Method for Pakistan. A detailed theoretical comparative analysis is made for this purpose to calculate the total dynamic head, horsepower, no. of solar panels, power rating of solar panels, and the amount of carbon emission saved by utilizing Solar Induced irrigation system, which is otherwise constantly being emitted by conventional fossil fuel-based irrigation system., The data is gathered through various sources mainly through primary data available at official websites using existing mathematical models and calculations via MS Excel. Five major crops that include; Wheat, Maize, Rice Sugarcane, and Cotton, of Pakistan are studied in this paper. In conclusion, design parameters for the Solar Induced irrigation system for all the major crops have been calculated. It is estimated that for a rice field spreading over an area of one hectare; on average 14 no. of Solar panels of 320-Watt capacity each are required to run a 4hp motor pump to maintain the flow rate of 68 m3/day to fulfill the water requirement of the rice crop in Pakistan in a given season. Similar findings of design parameters of five major crops of Pakistan are studied and discussed. The paper stresses the importance of the utilization of renewable energy in agriculture along with reducing carbon emissions in the agriculture sector in Pakistan. The study reveals that around 8960.30 Kilo Tons of carbon emission will be reduced by employing the Solar PV design in rice the fields in replacement of conventional diesel fueled-based irrigation systems.
Role of parent’s education toward female higher education in society (A study of Multan)
Authors: Jepps Jepps , Iqbal Khalid , Ranjha Asif Naveed , Khursheed Bushra
Published: April 2022

Education is a process of simple learning and knowledge process. Education begins on the edge of the mother. Education is very important for all people. The existence of a man without education is similar to earthly. Budget resources for education are very low. There are smaller schools and colleges for women's education and training. The importance of training and developing this conference is a group of students who want to attend school. When it comes to the globalization of primary education, both countries have this problem. The researchers' statement about this problem "constitutes a social and cultural barrier for the higher education of women". To find out what's going on in girl education. Examine the barriers facing women's exposure to higher education. This problem analyzes different problems of women in higher education. Strengthening the position of women can be strengthened through higher education. However, increasing access to education does not only mean the academic achievements of girls. The government should have a bigger barrier. The government should have the right to equal funding for women's higher education.
Early Aging in Bio-Cultural Perspectives: A Qualitative Analysis of District Multan
Authors: Jswd Jswd , Asghar Ushna , Iqbal Khalid , Almas Iqra
Published: April 2022

This qualitative ethnographic study attempts to understand the biological and cultural causes of early aging, the problems generated due to nutrition, traditional and cultural values. This study involves 24 early aging respondents from three Union Councils of Multan city of south Punjab. The data were generated by conducting detailed face-to-face interviews with the participants. The study highlights the bio-cultural causes of early aging through thematic analysis. This study recommends that related institutions could play a significant role in educating the families to help reduce the issues of early aging people and care for them.
Job Crafting and Teacher’s Satisfaction in Public Sector Universities of Multan
Authors: Jswd Jswd , Ghaffar Suleman , Waheed Abdul , Iqbal Khalid
Published: April 2022

The current subjective work concerning job satisfaction and teacher’s satisfaction in the public sector universities was conducted in the district of Multan, Pakistan. The subjective work is an exploratory study to know the association among the approaches of job-crafting, relational crafting, and cognitive crafting likewise psychological empowerment of teacher’s satisfaction concerning to their work who are specifically engaged to the public sector universities. The subjective work reveals the utmost positive association between the job crafting and satisfaction of teachers' work. For this purpose, sampling comprised of 300 on-duty teachers from three public sector universities (NUML, BZU, and NFC) to explore the cognitive and psychological impact on job crafting and teachers’ satisfaction in the public universities. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the impact. Furthermore, subjective research work indicates the significant importance of job-crafting towards a higher level of satisfaction for teachers who are engaged in universities. Job happiness is directly linked to issues such as job creation, workplace conflict, and psychological empowerment.
Clinical Evaluation of efficacy of Rasarakta pachak Ghanavati in Hyperlipidaemia (Rasagat sneha vriddhi)
Authors: B. Rohit Khyati , H. Yeola Gunvant , P. Nishane Kalyani , H. Waghmare Amol , Dipankar D. G.
Published: April 2022

Hyperlipidaemia is one such lifestyle disorder which is identified as an impending risk factor for many diseases like hypertension, metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). In Hyperlipidaemia levels of lipoproteins i.e. (cholesterol, triglycerides, or both) are raised in the plasma, which can be co-related to elevated Sneha or Meda Dhatu in the body. As drugs used in modern medicine viz. statins, fibrates etc. to treat hyperlipidaemia has several adverse effects such as myopathy, potential elevation in serum transaminase levels leading to hepatic damage, nausea or vomiting, bowel upset, multiple joint pain etc. Hence, it is very much necessary to have definite and harmless solution to this problem. Apatarpan is the treatment advocated in ayurved for Santarpanjanya Vyadhis and Hyperlipidaemia is one among this group of disease. Taking into consideration all the treatment modalities in Ayurveda, Rasarakta Pachak Ghanavati was given as a line of treatment in Hyperlipidaemia. Methods - 60 patients of Hyperlipidaemia as per the objective criteria of range for lipid profile mentioned in American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine were randomly selected from OPD and IPD of Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Ayurved and Research centre, Pimpri, Pune. Group A (n=30) patients were treated with Rasarakta Pachak Ghanavati (500mg) 2 tabs twice in a day after food for 30 days and Group B (n=30) patients were treated with Tab Atorvastatin (10mg) 1 tab once in a day after food for 30 days. Result- Rasarakta Pachak Ghanavati group showed marked improvement on Serum Total Cholesterol and Serum LDL – Cholesterol and moderate improvement on Serum Triglycerides and Serum HDL – Cholesterol parameters of lipid profile. While Tab Atorvastatin group showed marked improvement on almost all the parameters of lipid profile.
In vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized using Catharanthus roseus leaves
Authors: E Deepika , KS Santhy
Published: April 2022

The green resources which are utilized for the synthesis of nano particles are eco-friendly and helps to evade the practice of elevated use of harmful chemicals. Bio synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Catharanthus roseus leaves was carried out with their characterization including UV spectroscopy, FTIR and SEM analysis. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was done to observe the presence of phyto compounds. The antioxidant assay was done to assess DPPH and Reducing power activities. The in vitro antidiabetic assay (α-Amylase Inhibition Assay) and the in-silico molecular docking were performed to analyze the antidiabetic potential of Catharanthus leaves. Target proteins such as 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11ß-HSD1; PDB ID: 1XU7), Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1; PDB ID: 3IOL), Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B; PDB ID: 4Y14) were chosen for molecular docking against the ligands screened from GCMS data. The colour change, UV-vis spectrum, FTIR and SEM examination supported the characterization of AgNPs. The synthesized nano particles showed a strong in vitro antioxidant activity with good scavenging percentage of 90.88% compared to the standard which was 99.84% in DPPH assay. Similarly, the inhibition of α-Amylase activity increased with increase in concentration of biosynthesized nano particles. The docking study revealed that plant compounds present have the highest binding affinity and good hydrogen bond interactions with active site residues. Hence the activities demonstrated suggest that they could be useful in the preparation of many therapeutic agents.
Formulation and Anti-bacterial Activity Test for Liquid Soap Betel Nut Extract (Areca catechu L.) against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Stiani Sofi Nurmay , Susanti Linda , Danang Indriatmoko Dimas
Published: April 2022

Liquid soap is an important cosmetic product for the community because it is used in everyday life. Liquid soap is made through a saponification reaction from oil or fat which is reacted with alkalis. Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) contains flavonoid compounds that have antiseptic properties and alkaloid compounds that act as bacteria inhibitors. Objective: This study aims to formulate liquid soap with the addition of Areca catechu L. extract to test the antimicrobial activity of formulated soap preparations. Method: The research design was in the form of an experimental method, namely by extracting the simplicia Areca catechu L. with the maceration method to obtain a thick extract of Areca catechu L. Evaluation of the quality of the soap included pH and high foam. Antimicrobial activity testing used the good method against liquid soap formulation and positive control. The microbe tested was Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria). Result: The test results of the quality of the liquid soap formulation showed that the pH of the test soap was 10 and the positive control pH was 9 and the foam height had good results, namely 1-2cm, and had met SNI 06-4085-1996 standards. The results showed that formulation III with an extract content of 10% had great antimicrobial activity on the microbe Staphylococcus aureus with a value of 20.66mm. In the positive control, the antimicrobial activity showed a value of 15.21mm. at a concentration of 5%, the inhibition diameter was 14.77mm and the concentration was 7.5%, the inhibition diameter was 15.77mm. The results of statistical analysis using the One-Way ANOVA method followed by Post hoc analysis showed that the liquid soap extract of Areca catechu L. had greater antimicrobial potential than the positive control. Conclusion: Liquid soap formulation with the addition of thick extract Areca catechu L with a concentration of 10% has the greatest antimicrobial activity compared to the concentration of 5%, 7.5%, and positive control X.
Synthesis, Characterization and Theoretical Study for certain Copper (II) complexes using Organic Chalcone Schiff bases as Ligands
Authors: Khudhur Abdulrazzaq Zeyad , Hamad Ayfan Abdulkareem
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the synthesis of new Cu(II) complexes using copper (II) chloride and four ligands. L1 has been used to synthesize the (M1) complex. Three azomethine ligands have been used to synthesize the (M2, M3, M4) complexes. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, moreover melting point. Molar ratio method has been used to determination of ligand to metal ratio, metal percentage in complexes has been evaluated by atomic absorption technique. Results showed that the complexes were square planar, and these compatibles with the proposed formula. Theoretical study was performed using Gaussian program W09 and AM1 method to evaluate HOMO, LUMO and some physical properties.
Formulation and Evaluation of Ethosomal Gel and Non-ethosomal Gel of S.grandiflora Leaves
Authors: Rajkumar Patekar Rohan , Bholaram Choudhary Heena , Devidas Rede Sachin
Published: April 2022

The numbers of products based on new drug delivery systems have considerably increased in the past few years, and this growth is projected to carry on in the future. These bio-pharmaceuticals present challenges to drug delivery system because of their different nature and difficulty in delivery through conventional routes. Therefore, further research will focus on the delivery of these complex molecules through different routes, including nasal, pulmonary, vaginal, rectal, etc. The intend of the study was to formulate and evaluate ethosomes of Sesbania grandiflora leaves which may transport the drug to targeted site more efficiently than marketed gel preparation and also overcome the problems related with oral administration of drug. Trans-dermal drug delivery is a technique which can be exploited to overcome the variables, which could affect the oral absorption of drugs such as pH, food intake and gastrointestinal motility. As compared to liposome or hydro-alcoholic solution ethosomal systems were much more capable at delivering a fluorescent probe to the skin in terms of quantity and depth. The formulations were prepared with ethanol, lecithin, propylene glycol, and glycerol and were evaluated. The lecithin (phospholipids) used as a vesicles forming component, polyglycol and ethanol used as a skin penetration enhancer. The drug released of formulated ethosomal gel was 4-5 times improved as compared to non ethosomal gel which directly achieves unparalleled flexibility in formulation. Ethosomal gel successfully addresses the issues relating to the drug delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, peptides, potent drugs and the release of multi-drugs.
Dispersed Mountain Settlements: An Evaluation of High Mountain of Settlement of Har ki Dun
Authors: Shahi D K
Published: April 2022

The dispersed habitat and scattered settlements are the most significant element of the mountainous landscape. As the landscape and ecological factors in the mountainous areas, restrict the concentration of population, dispersed settlements are basic adaptations to the mountainous landscape. The purpose of this paper is to provide a geographical account of the dispersed mountain settlements. Employing a case study, it attempts to map the geography of these scattered settlements. The analysis shows different arrangements of these scattered settlements in the high mountain region of Har ki Dun. The evaluation of the spatial distribution of settlement of Har ki Dun is a means to analyse the adaptations of the mountain inhabitants to their environment. In mountainous areas, the dispersed settlements are the product of land and land use diversity. The areas of scattered settlements are an expansion of sedentary life and extension of agriculture and animal husbandry over the diverse mountainous landscape. The scattered location of settlements exist due to less favourable topography, less suitable climatic conditions and restricted availability of soil for agricultural production. It is also a product of the attempts to use every available arable land and grassland. The end product of this extensification is the diversity or the richness of the (agri)cultural landscape and diversity of settlements. This study also presents the spatial distribution of these scattered settlements.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF 70O AND 90O RIGID ENDOSCOPE IN SUCCESSFUL VISUALIZATION OF THE HIDDEN AREAS OF LARYNX
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Roohullah Muhammad , Uddin Israr , Hussain Altaf , Khan Murad Ali
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

To compare the success rate of 700 and 900 rigid endoscope in successful visualization of the hidden areas of larynx.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A randomized control trial at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, was done for a period of 06 months from 22nd May, 2018 to 22nd Nov, 2018. A written informed consent from 582 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled from the outpatient department (291 in each group). They were randomized in two groups using a computer-generated table. Patients in Group A undergone the procedure using 700 rigid telescope and those in Group B using 900 rigid telescopes. The following parameter was evaluated: subglottic area, anterior commissure and laryngeal surface of the epiglottis.

RESULTS

Total 582 patients were included in the study. Mean age (years) of patients was 38.88+12.71. 267 (group A) and 251 (group B) patients whom successful visualized subglottic area, whereas 261 and 239 patients from group A and B respectively, were successfully visualized with anterior commissure. Similarly, successfully visualized laryngeal surface of the epiglottis is 273 and 240 respectively for 700 & 900 scopes.

CONCLUSION

The study findings concluded that rate of success of 700 rigid endoscope was more successful in visualization of the hidden areas of larynx as compared to 900 rigid endoscope.

KEYWORDS

Full Visualization of Subglottic, Anterior Commissure, Laryngeal Surface of

Epiglottis, telescope, 700, 900 endoscope
COMPARISON OF THE ROLE OF EARLY VERSUS DELAYED FIXATION OF INTRACAPSULAR FEMORAL NECK FRACTURE IN YOUNG POPULATION IN TERMS OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
Authors: Khan Muhmmad Shoaib , Khan Muhammad Younas , Sajjad Ahsan , Ullah Hanif , Shah Syed Dil Bagh Ali , Shoaib Farwa
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare the role of early versus delayed fixation of intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck in young population in terms of Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of Femoral Head.                                

Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Peshawar from January 2020 till June 2021 at the Department of Orthopedic Khyber Teaching Hospital and all patients with age 18 to 60 years who had the neck of femur fracture (Garden type 1 and 2 undisplaced and Garden type 3 and 4 displaced fracture) were included who presented within one week of fracture. Group 1 consisted of the early fixation group (fixated within 24 hours) while late group 2 consisted of the late fixation group (those who fixated after 24 hours). The development of AVN was assessed on follow-up X-ray at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Mean and standard deviation was used for quantitative data. Frequency and percentages were used for qualitative data. A p-value of ? 0.05 was taken as significant. Shapiro Wilk’s test was done to find the normality of the data.

Results: The mean age of the 64 included patients was 52 ± 5 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.5. The ratio of displaced to undisplaced fracture was 2:1. A total of 34 patients belonged to group 2 while 30 to group 1. In group 2, 9 patients with displaced fracture and 2 with undisplaced fracture experienced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. While in group 1, 8 patients with displaced fracture and 1 with undisplaced fracture experienced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. No significant effect of time delay on the chances of developing osteonecrosis of the femoral head was noted in group 2 even after a delay of 24 hours with a p-value of 0.201.

Conclusion:  We conclude that there is no significant difference in the outcome of femoral neck fracture whether it was fixed early or late.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF P53 IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, ORAL EPITHELIAL PRECURSOR LESIONS, AND NORMAL ORAL MUCOSA
Authors: Khan Abbas Saleem , Ahmad Sajjad , Iqbal Fatima , Saboor Abdus , Nisar Muhammad , Naushin Tehmina , Khalid Sheikh Ahmareen , Haq Mohsina , Ahmad Tariq , Rehman Basheer
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of p53 in tissue samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral epithelial precursor lesions and normal oral mucosa.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was jointly conducted at the Departments of Pathology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of various medical and dental institutes of the country from April 2016 to March 2017. A total of 180 subjects were included in the study. Oral tissue specimens were collected for lab investigations after obtaining written consent from all subjects. TP53 was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry in tissue samples of 60 cases of OSCC, 60 cases of epithelial precursor lesions and normal oral mucosal samples of 60 healthy individuals. Data was recorded, evaluated and analysed by SPSS version 20.

Results: p53 protein expression was noted in 85%  OSCC and 73% oral epithelial precursor lesions. Among healthy individuals ,one subject showed p53 immunoreactivity in normal oral mucosa.

Conclusion: Raised TP53 overexpression in OSCC and oral precursor lesions, compared to normal oral mucosa make it a probable candidate for potential predictive biomarker in oral premalignancy and malignancy.
MEDICAL COLLEGE STUDENT’S PERCEPTION REGARDING CURRENTLY ADOPTED TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS; A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY FROM RAWALPINDI
Authors: Mahsood Naheed , Mehboob Awan Adeela , Nasre Alam Ali , Kibria Zeeshan , Aleem Saima
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Medical education is based upon innovating teaching strategies to teach more problem-solving attitudes in medical students. Teaching methodologies have evolved over the last few decades with the sole purpose of making teaching and learning interactive for students. This study aimed to evaluate the teaching methodologies and their effectiveness concerning students' perceptions.

Methodology: We conducted this cross-sectional study for six months. We included 115 medical students of Rawalpindi and Islamabad through convenient sampling who were willing to participate in the study. We used a self-structured questionnaire for the data collection, and data were analyzed using SPSS Version 24. 

Result:

In this study, 57% of participants were female, and 43% were male. The majority of the study participants (49%) were from second-year MBBS. Around 91% of students were aware of different teaching methodologies. As per student perception, the most preferred teaching methodology was task-based (27.0%). The most ineffective method for students was self-directed learning (34.78%) and conventional lectures (26.1%).

Conclusion:

Medical students of different medical colleges have various teaching and learning methodologies, and they do have their perceptions regarding other effective and ineffective teaching and learning methods.

 

Key Words: Medical Students, Teaching Methodology, Perception, Learning
Communicating health knowledges across clinic and community: The case of sex characteristics in plurilingual Hong Kong
Authors: King Brian W.
Published: April 2022

The human body displays an array of variations of sex characteristics, ranging from expected, normalized variations (i.e. endosex) to minority ones that do not meet medical and/or social norms of binary male and female (i.e. intersex). Naming and classification systems have material consequences for general access to health care but also mental wellbeing. To date, the small amount of language-focused scholarship on sex characteristics and variation has been epistemologically oriented to the metropole. That is, theories developed in ‘global centres’ have been applied to data in ‘peripheral locales’ rather than being reframed or broadened by the ideas there encountered. This study uses metapragmatic discourse analysis (i.e. analysis of talk about language) to mitigate cultural appropriation and commodification, treating interviewees as collaborators who analyze language in a process of joint discovery with the researcher. The data is drawn from interviews with two Hong Kong Chinese health professionals, one an intersex-bodied Chinese Medicine specialist and the other an endosex-bodied Endocrinology specialist. Discourse analysis of the audio-recorded interviews, following the principles of interactional sociolinguistics, serves to reveal affordances and constraints of the globally circulating yet locally interpreted terminology that is available in English, Cantonese and Mandarin. They both relate the painstaking and cautious process of trying to appropriate or coin terms to refer to ‘intersex’ and 'disorders of sex development' in Cantonese spoken discourse (the latter in the medical domain and the former in other domains). In so doing, the interviewees position English and Mandarin terms, circulating into and around multilingual Hong Kong, as requiring a great deal of pondering. Stances are taken on the need for localized terms that are not socially stigmatizing regardless of domain. Another stance taken is that a term’s written and spoken forms must take equal precedence, and the distinct features of Cantonese homophones, tonalities and semantic prosodies must be considered. Terms circulating in from the English-speaking ‘world’ and from mainland China must be scrutinized by Cantonese-speaking insiders so as to anticipate and avoid social pitfalls. Links are drawn to findings in other geopolitical regions, not to create a tally of ‘cases’ that prompt further universalizing discourses, but in hope of contributing to a co-mediation of knowledges. It is a focus that more respectfully brings Asian and multilingual perspectives into the conversation.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Blood Gases and Hemogram Parameters in the Diagnosis of non Neurogenic Distemper and Parvoviral Enteritis in Dogs with Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Gülersoy Erdem , Balıkçı Canberk , Günal İsmail , Şahan Adem
Published: April 2022

Canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), which are seen mostly in dogs younger than 6 months (mos) old with high mortality despite early diagnosis and treatment, cause various hematological abnormalities and clinical symptoms accompanied by gastroenteritis findings. Since the methods developed for definitive ante-mortem diagnosis are time-consuming and require expertise and equipment, routine laboratory tests such as blood gases and hemogram analyzes still maintain their importance in the diagnosis and monitoring the complications associated with the viruses. The animal material of the study was consisted of a total of 50 dogs: 40 dogs (Experimental Group; 24 male, 16 female) aged between 2-6 mos, from medium to large breeds such as Anatolian shepherd, Boxer and mixed breed with gastroenteritis symptoms; 10 healthy dogs (Control Group; 8 male, 2 female) aged between 2-6 mos, from similar breeds. All were brought to the hospital either for diagnosis/treatment or for routine check-up. Based on the results of rapid antigen tests performed following the clinical and laboratory analyzes, the Experimental Group was divided into two subgroups: Canine Parvovirus Group (CPV Group, n=22) and Canine Distemper Virus Group (CDV Group, n=18). As a result of laboratory analyzes, differences in respiratory rate, capillary refill time and body temperature (P=0.000) in the clinical examinations; leukocyte (WBC) (P=0.003), granulocyte (P=0.000) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P=0.001) levels in the hemogram; pH (P=0.001), lactate (P=0.004) and HCO3 (P=0.001) levels in the blood gases analysis were detected in the CPV and CDV groups. Based on the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) evaluation of the parameters, which were determined to vary in the Experimental Group, it was concluded that low pH and HCO3 with high lactate levels in blood gases along with low WBC, granulocyte and high MCV levels in the hemogram may be useful parameters in establishing a routine laboratory test panel for diferentiation between CPV and CDV.
Unvaulting “Disney Plus Pop” in 2021: Romance, Melodrama, and Remembering in Taylor Swift’s All Too Well, McCartney’s Lyrics, and The Beatles: Get Back
Authors: Kapurch Katie
Published: April 2022

The congruous timing of Taylor Swift’s and the Beatles’ 2021 multiplatform media is an occasion to investigate comparable generic storytelling strategies, especially as they related to gender. Identifying the melodramatic romance of Swift’s All Too Well opens up similar dimensions of the Beatles’ media narrative, especially as articulated in Paul McCartney’s contributions to the marketing surrounding Get Back’s Disney Plus premiere on the streaming platform. More genre and Disney dynamics begin to emerge when I unravel a selection of correlations between Swift and McCartney and the Beatles. In doing so, I probe the gendered nature of mediated stories about musicians’ romances, melodramas, and remembering in 2021, a year that witnessed the ongoing coalescence of a phenomenon I term “Disney Plus Pop.”
Wild Strategies: Women and Music Research
Authors: Lopez Tara
Published: April 2022

In the twenty-first century, women continue to be marginalized in music and music communities. Lopez explores these issues via the lens of her current research on El Paso punk rock. She not only highlights the obstacles in documenting women’s experience in music, but she develops a track list of relevant songs and a manifesto to remind researchers of ways to illuminate the multitude of roles women play in music. Lopez concludes that seeking out and documenting women’s voices is not merely a useful practice, but it is essential to fueling social change.
Infectious Disease Control and Human Health Investment: Learning by Controlling
Authors: Gibson Mark J. , Houenou Boris , Marsh Thomas L.
Published: April 2022

This article develops a model that allows for two-way interaction between infectious disease dynamics and economic dynamics. The motivating application is the 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa, where purposeful investments in disease control played an important role. The authors, therefore, unlike other papers in the literature, model two types of investments: investments in general health and investments in disease control. Investments in disease control lead to learning by controlling, which reduces the transmission rate of the disease. Model simulations show that an endemic disease can have dramatic negative effects on population and output. Importantly, allowing for disease-control investments ameliorates these effects without crowding out consumption and general health investments. Moreover, the simulations varying the discount factor suggest that societies with substantial disease burdens are likely to prefer leaders and planners who are more impatient and therefore more willing to strongly invest in disease control. The model can help analyze the economic impacts of disease, guide disease preparedness, and responsiveness, and develop public health policies in countries that are severely and recurrently affected by infectious diseases.
Role of Media in Securitisation of Terrorism: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Atique-ur-Rehman and Nazir Hussain
Published: April 2022

This paper explains the media process in reporting political communications in the securitisation dialogue. Securitisation is the process of declaring an issue a security challenge and requires an urgent and existential cause which is too important to be put to a normal political process and merits to be dealt decisively by the top leaders on priority basis. This paper also explores media agenda and framing practices along with their ensuing effects on the process of securitisation of terrorism in Pakistan. Media has always been inclined to highlight the sellable story line, using the propaganda and interests of dominant groups in the society. Defining the relevance of media in securitisation process, this paper takes the Army Public School (APS) attack in Peshawar in 2014 as a watershed event to examine the impact on media and evaluates its contribution to securitising terrorism as a threat to the country. Two influential newspapers, Dawn and Jang were examined through content and discourse analysis. A comparison of media framing and agenda setting, before and after the APS attack, highlights the level of securitisation of terrorism in the country and the role media plays in this process.
Naknadno sticanje osnovnog obrazovanja u BiH
Authors: Leho Azra
Published: April 2022

''Subsequent acquisition of primary education'' is one of six operating lines of the project ''Support to Adult education'' which is organised by GIZ - Deutsche Gesellshaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (German society for international cooperation), with the financial support of Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). This activity is aimed at strengthening the competencies of teachers in the filed of adult education through vocational training and also to raise awareness of the need for subsequent acqusition of primary education in BiH. In the period from 2011-2016 GIZ implements the project in three pilot regions: Banja Luka, Zenica-Doboj Canton and Sarajevo region.
Epistemološke osnove istraživanja u obrazovanju odraslih
Authors: Ljujić Bojan , Nikolić Maksić Tamara , Maksimović Maja
Published: April 2022

In this paper we want to consider the underlying assumptions on which the research work is based in adult education and learning: our beliefs about cognition within that reality (epistemology). These beliefs inevitably shape human decisions which direct the activities and general engagement in the world that surrounds us, thus in the planning and realisation of scientific research. In this context, to understand at least some of these beliefs is crucial to effective critique and application of research results, with the aim to improve educational practice and theoretical consideration of its eligibility.
Mentorstvo u organizacijama
Authors: Miljković Jovan , Dobrić Tanja
Published: April 2022

Mentoring is a very effective way of transmitting professional wisdom that is under-utilized in our organizations. With this work we tried to point out the importance of mentoring in organizations, research opinion of the employee about mentoring programes that is implemented in organizations, as well as some factors that influence on their opinion. This paper analyzes some conditions tjat should be met in order to optimize the effect of mentoring relationships.
Characterization of the agricultural and livestock holdings in the Spanish region of Castilla y Léon and in the Portuguese Central region
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Horta Carmo , Sánchez Durán Silvia ,   Observatorio de la Dehesa, Banco de Germoplasma e Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE). Universidad de Salamanca., Coutinho José ,   Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Gil Perez Berta ,   Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León., Almeida Celestino ,   Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Sánchez Sánchez José ,   Observatorio de la Dehesa, Banco de Germoplasma e Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE). Universidad de Salamanca., García-González María Cruz ,   Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL): Valladolid, Castilla y León, ES
Published: April 2022

The objective of this work was to characterize agricultural and livestock holdings in the regions of Castilla and León (Salamanca and Zamora) in Spain and the Centro Region in Portugal. In order to carry out this work, the available statistical databases were used, according to the themes related to the social, economic, environmental and technological structure. Thus, it was intended to deepen aspects such as the use of energy, use/treatment of agricultural wastes, soil fertilization systems, management of water resources, mobilization practices, among others, in order to have a comprehensive view of these regions as a background information to find agronomic sustainable solutions. This characterization was carried out based on the NUT III, as it offers greater availability of statistical data. In the case of Spain, the NUT III territorial base is considered to be very vast, and it was preferable to carry out this work with some data obtained from agricultural areas. However, statistical data are not available for all these areas under consideration. Even so, in some cases municipal data are presented, which are considered to be more representative. This book consists of two parts, the first describes the state of the art in the cooperation area of Castile and León and the second part in the Central Region of Portugal. The present work was supported by the Interrreg projects 0340_SYMBIOSIS_3_E and 0745_SYMBIOSIS_II_3_E. Thus, the publication is bilingual with texts written in Portuguese or Spanish.
Effects of Dexamethasone on Trophoblastic, IDO, and Macrophage Cells in Domestic Pregnant Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Alabedi Amal Faisal , Hassan Alaa Jawad , Yasear Akram Yousif
Published: April 2022

The healthy pregnancy requires a healthy fetal-maternal placental development that depends not only on invasion of fetal trophoblast but also on the presence of immune cells, such as macrophages. Dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat several diseases, but exceed exposure to exogenous DEX may impair placental and fetal development and subsequent fetal loss. The current study investigates the effects of high dose of DEX (HD) (1.125 mg) and low dose of DEX (LD) (0.562 mg) on trophoblastic (T), IDO, andCD68 macrophage (M) cells in domestic pregnant rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Forty-eight pregnant does were caged in the animal house and divided into six groups, eight for each. These groups are treated as follows: groups A and B (as an experimental groups) were daily injected by (1ml) from day 5 to 9 of gestation (dG) with HD and LD, respectively; whereas group C was injected by (1 ml) of sodium chloride (0.9%) (as a control group). Then, all the groups (A, B and C) were dissected at 10 and 28 dG.
Covid-19 pandemic – a new challenge for the national security of the Republic of Moldova on the transnistrian conflict settlement dimension
Authors:   Institute of Legal, Political and Sociological Research, Republic of Moldova, Ungureanu Veaceslav
Published: April 2022

Ensuring national security of the Republic of Moldova on the Transnistrian conflict settlement dimension during the COVID-19 global pandemic determined the need to create and implement a new paradigm for tackling the settlement process of the conflict in the Eastern districts of the Republic of Moldova in the context of reshaping the geopolitical architecture of the security environment in the South-East Europe. The lack of substantial results of the talks concerning the identification of feasible and sustainable solutions for the Transnistrian conflict is due to Moldovan authorities’ mistaken vision concerning the real interests of the actors involved in these talks that diff er from the preferences referred to in the offi cial rhetoric. COVID-19 pandemic tempered the actions of all political actors involved in the „5+2” format negotiation process that have been limited only to some sporadic declarations on the need to settle the confl ict from the Eastern districts of the Republic of Moldova and on the importance to carry out the provisions of the initiative to enhance the confi dence-building measures between the two banks of the Nistru river, integrated in the „small steps” policy, actions that do not produced tangible results on the Transnistrian confl ict settlement. The research of the issue of the Transnistrian confl ict settlement process in the condition of the COVID-19 pandemic, which brought about the decrease of the level of stability in the security area, emphasizes the reduced geopolitical potential of the Republic of Moldova in the current negotiation format that defi nes the insuffi cient level of the institutional capacity of the national security system to ensure the territorial integrity jeopardized by the geopolitical confl ict in the Eastern districts.
National security policy of the Republic of Moldova: conceptual and practical aspects
Authors:   Institute of Legal, Political and Sociological Research, Republic of Moldova, Albu Natalia
Published: April 2022

The Republic of Moldova is facing a period with multiple risks and threats, either old or new, both internally and externally, such as the existence of an unresolved conflict or the risk of regional aggression, or the existence of the specific elements of a hybrid war. In this context, there is a growing discussion about the need to revise the National Security Policy (NSP), and other documents related to the security and defense sector, for several objective reasons. Th us, in this article are analyzed views regarding the necessity of the revision of the National Security Strategy (NSS) and presented the key issues of the process of the development of a NSS, considering certain lessons that have to be learned. From a conceptual perspective, the necessity of the elaboration of a mechanism for monitoring, evaluation, prioritization and answer to the risks and threats towards the national security of the Republic of Moldova. From a practical perspective, the citizen’s security needs must be reflected in the NSP, and the authorities responsible for the security sector have to also be concerned about what is important for the citizens in order to feel safe, and for the increase of the confidence level in the sustainability of the undertaken reforms and policies in order to ensure the national security.
Human capacity development in the conditions of global change
Authors:   Academy of Philosophy, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Lazarevich Natalia
Published: April 2022

Among the priorities for the development of countries, the determining one is the development of human potential and the growth of the quality of life of the population. ThTh e main provisions of the concept of human development as a theory and methodology of complex economic, social and political development are based on the fact that people are not only a means, but also the main goal of development. ThTh e article examines the socioeconomic, environmental and technological criteria for human development. It is concluded that an important indicator of the success (failure) of socio-technical co-evolution is the worldview of people, which represents a system of values, beliefs and orientations of subjects, the integration of which determines a common understanding of the new socio-technical reality, and also performs the functions of assessing the progress (regression) of technical and technological and social and cultural development. Adequate human development activities are required on the basis of ecological culture, thinking and worldview.
Establishment and development of small and medium business in the Republic of Moldova in the context of independence
Authors:   Institute of Legal, Political and Sociological Research, Republic of Moldova, Calchei Gheorghe
Published: April 2022

The independence of the Republic of Moldova in 1991 had both positive and negative consequences. It has contributed to the severance of many economic ties between the former Soviet republics and regions of the former USSR, to the supply of raw materials, heaters, many markets have been lost, a large part of the able-bodied population has lost source of income etc. On the other hand, the privatization of public patrimony has taken place, the number of owners has increased signifificantly, now the state of the Republic of Moldova guarantees to all citizens the respect of social, economic, cultural rights, political freedoms, etc. It is the foundation of the market economy. A special place in the formation of the market-based economy belongs to small and medium-sized enterprises, which are the main sector of the national economy and the most important factor in the absorption of labor.
Common Ground: Securing land rights and safeguarding the earth
Authors: Pearce Fred ,   Rights and Resources Initiative,   Land Rights Now,   International Land Coalition,   Oxfam
Published: April 2022

Up to 2.5 billion people depend on indigenous and community lands, which make up over 50 percent of the land on the planet; they legally own just one-fifth. The remaining land remains unprotected and vulnerable to land grabs from more powerful entities like governments and corporations. There is growing evidence of the vital role played by full legal ownership of land by indigenous peoples and local communities in preserving cultural diversity and in combating poverty and hunger, political instability and climate change. The importance of protecting and expanding indigenous and community ownership of land has been a key element in the negotiations of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on climate change, and is central to their successful implementation. This report launches a Global Call to Action on Indigenous and Community Land Rights, backed by more than 300 organizations all over the world. It is a manifesto of solidarity with the ongoing struggles of indigenous peoples and local communities seeking to secure their land rights once and for all.
Using International Law to Advance Women’s Tenure Rights in REDD+
Authors: Silverman Allison
Published: April 2022

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an international initiative to mitigate climate change in the forest sector. It is intended to incentivize developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as promote sustainable management of forests, and conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. REDD+ has significant implications for land and resource rights, and raises particular concerns for women. These concerns arise from discrimination that women already face in resource management processes, largely due to unclear, unsecure and unequal tenure rights. Women represent a large percentage of the world’s poor, and they are often directly dependent on natural resources. As a result, there are significant risks that REDD+ could exacerbate existing inequalities for women if it fails to respect women’s tenure rights. This paper makes a case for advancing women’s tenure rights and how international law can be used to promote those rights in the context of REDD+.