bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Images for the Inner Eye: The Use of Visually Evocative Techniques in Radio
Authors: Micheti Anca
Published: March 2014

Based on radio’s exclusive reliance on the particular material of sound and its flexibility as an interface, this article argues that the medium presents a great potential for cognitive participation, especially in terms of mental imagery. Several verbal and nonverbal techniques that utilize this potential are analyzed in a series of short documentaries co-produced by National Public Radio and the National Geographic Society. Through the use of linguistic means, such as vivid words, the present tense, metaphors and analogies, rhetorical devices, such as rhythmic patterns, repetitions, and alliterations, as well as the expressive qualities of voices and natural sounds, radio producers are able to evoke a rich, often synesthetic complex of mental images.
Pro-Ana Web Communities: An Amplification of Eating Disorders and Media on the Internet
Authors: Kaiser Suzanne L.
Published: March 2014

The recent proliferation of pro-ana websites, which promote the maintenance of eating disorders, may be fostered by the psychological traits of eating disorders, media bias toward thin female images and discourse of body dissatisfaction, and the characteristics of online communities. This article examines the roles these factors play in the rise of pro-ana websites themselves and the attitudes that they represent. An active, long-term recognition and critique of the thin ideology promoted by negative media images and taken to the extreme by pro-ana sites may stem the growth of pro-ana attitudes and body dissatisfaction among women in general.
Review
Authors: Lippert Paul
Published: March 2014

Desmond, John M. and Peter Hawkes. Adaptation: Studying Film and Literature. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 312 pp. Paper $50.00, ISBN 0-07-282204-X.
Experimental Research on Cohesive Sediment Deposition and Consolidation Based on Settlement Column System
Authors: Zhang Fu-hai , Guo Shuai-jie , Wang Bao-tian
Published: March 2014

Cohesive sediment suspension deposition and consolidation mechanisms are mainly related to weight settlement and nonlinear consolidation processes. With the sediment settlement and suspension interface rate attenuation curves, sediment suspension settlement can be divided into different stages. The excessive pore pressure, void ratio, and saturated bulk density in depth all have nonlinear distributions. Consequently, settlement simulation and deposited layer tests are key in cohesive sediment suspension deposition and consolidation studies. This paper also proposes a new settlement column system recording the sediment interface settlement curves, the interface rate attenuation process, the excessive pore pressure, and the physical property distributions in a deposited sediment layer. Results from this study indicate that the newly developed system can effectively simulate cohesive sediment suspension deposition and consolidation in accordance with nonlinear consolidation characteristics.
Dynamic Fracture Toughness of a Plain Weave Carbon-Epoxy Composite: Validation of Test Results with Finite Element Analyses
Authors: Martínez-Figueroa J. , Rubio-Gonzalez C. , Velasco-Reyes F. , Benseddiq N.
Published: March 2014

This document presents the Dynamic Fracture Toughness (KID) measurement for a plain weave carbon-epoxy composite material. An instrumented Hopkinson bar arrangement is used to perform the tests with pre-cracked specimens loaded on a three point bending configuration. The material behavior obtained by the experimental results is compared with Finite Element simulation of static and idealized Hopkinson bars events. A number of important aspects are approached. Among them, the Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) for fiber-epoxy composites considered as transversely isotropic media, the formulae to obtain this parameter compared with isotropic materials, and the precise follow of the SIF evolution during these events. The Finite Element Analyses (FEAs) suggest loss of contact phenomena not only in the transmitted but also with the incident bar, and according to this, a specimen FEA is used to verify the influence of this loss of contact in the SIF evolution and KID calculations. Accordingly, a novel approach using the incident pulse as input for a FEA of the complete arrangement including contact elements is proposed and implemented, so the new revealed phenomena are taken into account. The experimental results using this approach show that the dynamic fracture toughness varies from 15.45 to 25.6 MPa*m0.5 in the projectile speed range between 10 and 20 m/s.
New Equation for the Plastic Correction Factor η for J-Integral Determination from Test Results of Three-Point-Bend Specimens
Authors: Gintalas Marius , Ziliukas Antanas , Ainsworth Robert A.
Published: March 2014

When material yielding occurs, the stress intensity factor, K, no longer correctly characterizes the magnitude of the stress field around the crack tip. For significant amounts of yielding, the J-integral approach is applied as an advanced tool. In practice, for many engineering applications, the non-linear plasticity effects are of importance and therefore material behavior beyond yield needs an accurate description for input to tools for assessment. This work presents J-integral values of two different steel grades (1006 and 4340) using a newly developed analytical approach for the correction factors ηpl, which takes into account the elastic–plastic properties of the material. The evaluation approach is based on absorbed energies in a Charpy-sized specimen during the elastic and plastic deformation phases. Values of these energy terms were obtained via numerical simulation of 1006 and 4340 steel Charpy-sized specimens loaded in three-point-bending. This work highlights the effect of materials plastic properties on the J-integral. Different steel grades show different amounts of plasticity defined by the strain-hardening exponent and the strain-hardening constant and these influence the fracture parameters. Application of the plastic correction factor ηpl to Charpy-sized specimens, considering the respective plastic properties of the materials, leads to values of ηpl equal to 2.286 for 1006 steel and 2.621 for 4340 steel.
Investigation of Toughening Micro-Mechanisms in Polypropylene/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber Blends at Crack and Notch Tips
Authors: Farhang L. , Bagheri R.
Published: March 2014

Polypropylene (PP) has the highest growth rate among commodity thermoplastics and is widely used in many applications including packaging, auto, and pipe industries. The relatively low impact strength of this polymer has led to the production of rubber-modified polypropylene with higher impact strength. To promote the applications of these blends, it is necessary to establish the relationship between the mechanical performance and fracture micro-mechanism(s). Fracture behavior is different depending on the application where either crack or notch might be present. In this study, a systematic approach is taken with the aim of understanding the toughening micro-mechanisms of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (PP/EPDM) blends at both crack and notch tip using different microscopy techniques. Rubber-modified blends were prepared using a twin screw extruder. The samples were exposed to different mechanical, physical, and microscopic examinations. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to study the crystalline structure. Impact and fracture toughness (JIC) tests were conducted to evaluate toughness of blends. Morphology and fracture behavior of the blends were investigated via transmission optical microscopy (TOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicate that both impact strength and fracture toughness (JIC) increase with increasing EPDM content. The two parameters, however, do not follow the same trend. The microscopic evaluations reveal that massive crazing coupled with particle cavitation is the dominant toughening mechanism in PP/EPDM blends under quasi-static and impact loading. Morphological features of the damage zone are different in these two loading conditions.
A Multiscale Framework for Predicting Fracture Toughness of Polycrystalline Metals
Authors: Li Yan , McDowell D. L. , Zhou Min
Published: March 2014

Microstructure has a strong influence on fracture toughness of materials through the activation of different fracture mechanisms. To tailor the fracture resistance through microstructure design, it is important to establish relations between microstructure and fracture toughness. A multiscale computational framework based on the Cohesive Finite Element Method (CFEM) is introduced to facilitate relations between microstructure and the fracture toughness of ductile polycrystalline materials. This material design framework includes 3D image based microstructure reconstruction, 3D meshing, and finite element implementation. It allows the material fracture toughness to be predicted through explicit simulation of fracture processes involving arbitrary crack paths, crack tip microcracking, and branching. Cohesive elements are embedded both within the grains and along the grain boundaries to resolve the different material separation processes. The calculations carried out concern Ti-6Al-4V alloy and focused on the two primary fracture mechanisms which are correlated with microstructure characteristics, constituent properties, and deformation behaviors. The methodology is potentially useful for both the selection of materials and tailoring of microstructure to improve fracture resistance.
Why Study Chinese Architecture?
Authors: Sicheng Liang
Published: March 2014

Translator’s Note

The article that follows was first published in Zhongguo yingzao xueshe huikan (Bulletin of the Society for Research in Chinese Architecture), volume 7, number 1, in October 1944, when the journal resumed publishing after a seven-year hiatus. The Society for Research in Chinese Architecture had been founded by Zhu Qiqian (1872–1964) in 1930, and its leading members were Liang Sicheng (1901–72), Liu Dunzhen (1897–1968), and Lin Huiyin (1904–55). The war against Japan that officially broke out in 1937 wreaked havoc on ancient buildings in China, an issue that Liang discusses in the article, and also had a direct and drastic impact on the society, whose members were forced to flee Beijing. They went to southwestern inland China, settling first in Kunming, Yunnan province, in 1938, and then in the small village of Li Zhuang, Sichuan province, in the winter of 1940. Amid the severe material and financial hardships caused by the war, the society also had to endure the departure of its most important members and contributors to its research, including Liu Dunzhen in 1943. The handful of remaining scholars decided to resume publication of the bulletin in 1944, probably writing their journal articles by hand and reproducing the pages lithographically for distribution. The article followed a foreword and acknowledgment in the 1944 issue of the journal. During the society’s existence the journal was to publish only one more issue, in October 1945. Although Liang Sicheng was not named as the author of the article (which was signed only “the editor”) it is usually attributed, reasonably, to Liang Sicheng himself.1
Bilateral Segmental Agenesis of Carotid and Vertebral Arteries with Rete Mirabile and the Prominent Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries as Compensations
Authors: Lu Jun , Liu Jiachun , Wang Lijun , Qi Peng , Wang Daming
Published: March 2014

Agenesis of carotid or vertebrobasilar arteries with rete formation is rare. The anterior spinal artery or posterior spinal arteries supplying the posterior circulation with steno-occlusion or agenesis of bilateral vertebral arteries is also uncommon. Here, we describe a very rare case of concomitant segmental agenesis of bilateral carotid and vertebral arteries with collateral compensations from the prominent anterior spinal artery and posterior spinal arteries, as well as some transdural arterial networks which were considered a rete mirabile. We discuss its embryological and anatomic significance.
Not All “Successful” Angiographic Reperfusion Patients Are an Equal Validation of a Modified TICI Scoring System
Authors: Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Mishra Sachin , Desai Jamsheed A , Nambiar Vivek , Volny Ondrej , Goel Ankur , Eesa Muneer , Demchuk Andrew M , Menon Bijoy K , Goyal Mayank
Published: March 2014

Rapid reperfusion of the entire territory distal to vascular occlusions is the aim of stroke interventions. Recent studies defined successful reperfusion as establishing some perfusion with distal branch filling of <50% of territory visualized (Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction “TICI” 2a) or more. We investigate the importance of the quality of final reperfusion and whether a revision of the successful reperfusion definition is warranted.

We retrospectively evaluated a prospective database of anterior circulation strokes treated using stentrievers to assess the quality of final reperfusion using two scores: the traditional TICI score and a modified TICI score. The modified TICI score includes an additional category (TICI 2c): near complete perfusion except for slow flow or distal emboli in a few distal cortical vessels. We compared different cut-off definitions of reperfusion (TICI 2a–3 vs. TICI-2b–3 vs. TICI 2c–3) using the area under the curve to identify their correlation with a favorable 90-day outcome (mRS≤2). In our cohort of 110 patients, 90% achieved TICI 2a-3 reperfusion with 80% achieving TICI 2b-3 and 55.5% achieving TICI 2c-3. The proportion of patients with a favorable 90-day outcome was higher in the TICI 2c (62.5%) compared to TICI 2b (44.4%) or TICI 2a (45.5%) but similar to the TICI 3 group (75.9%). A TICI 2c-3 reperfusion had a better predictive value than TICI 2b-3 for 90-day mRS 0–1.

Defining successful reperfusion as TICI 2c/3 has merits. In this cohort, there was evidence toward faster recovery and better outcomes in patients with the TICI 2c vs. the traditional TICI 2b grade.
Clinical and Angiographic Outcome of Endovascular and Conservative Treatment for Giant Cavernous Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Zhenhai , Lv Xianli , Wu Zhongxue , Li Youxiang , Yang Xinjian , Jiang Chuhan , Xu Ruxiang , Shen Chunsen
Published: March 2014

This study evaluated the outcome of endovascular and conservative treatment for giant cavernous carotid artery aneurysms (CCAAs). We retrospectively reviewed a series of 35 consecutive giant CCAAs treated with endovascular and conservative treatment. All patients were evaluated by balloon occlusion test (BOT) before treatment. Patients who could tolerate BOT were treated by parent artery occlusion (PAO), those who could not tolerate BOT were treated by stent/coil or conservative methods.

Eight patients were treated conservatively, symptoms were worsened in four patients (50%), unchanged in three, and improved in one at 33.6±19.9 months (6∼65 months) follow-up. In 27 aneurysms treated with endovascular methods, 17 aneurysms were treated by PAO, eight aneurysms were treated with stent-assisted coil embolization, and two aneurysms were embolized with coils. The initial post-procedure angiogram revealed complete occlusion, neck remnant, and incomplete occlusion in 81.5%, 11.1%, and 7.4%, respectively. Procedure-related mortality and morbidity were 0 and 7.4%, respectively. At 33.1±17.4 months (4∼71 months) follow-up, a good clinical outcome (mRS 0–1) was observed in 25 (92.6%) patients, symptoms were resolved or improved in 20 (74.1%). Statistical analysis showed that risk factors for poor clinical outcome included age of 60 years and older (P=0.006), and conservative treatments (P=0.038).

Risk factors for poor clinical outcome of giant CCAAs included conservative treatment and age older than 60 years. A symptomatic giant cavernous carotid aneurysm should be treated. The outcome of endovascular treatment of giant CCAAs is promising.
Use of Hydrocoil in Small Aneurysms: Procedural Safety, Treatment Efficacy and Factors Predicting Complete Occlusion
Authors: Williams Amanda , Millar John , Ditchfield Adam , Vundavalli Sriram , Barker Simon
Published: March 2014

Coil technology has been directed to reduce recurrence rates and we have seen the introduction of trials comparing the efficacy of surface modified versus bare platinum coils (BPC). This article reports on one treatment strategy in the treatment of small aneurysms by the placement of Hydrocoil across the neck of the aneurysm. Procedural safety, treatment efficacy and factors which predict complete occlusion are evaluated.

We retrospectively identified a subgroup of small aneurysms treated over a four-year period. Analysis comparing aneurysms treated with Hydrocoil and BPC versus Hydrocoil alone was undertaken.

Eighty-five aneurysms were coiled; 62% with Hydrocoil alone, 38% in combination with BPC. At six-month follow-up, overall 50% were completely occluded, 39.5% had a neck remnant and 10.5% had a residual aneurysm. Complete occlusion was identified in 39% in the Hydrocoil and BPC group compared to 56% in the Hydrocoil alone group. In 56/76 (74%) cases analysed, Hydrocoil loop successfully bridged the neck of the aneurysm in which 38/76 (68%) of these were completely occluded at six-month follow-up. Thirteen procedure-related complications occurred.

Aneurysms treated with Hydrocoil alone resulted in fewer recurrences compared with a combination of Hydrocoil and BPC. These data suggest that the technique of positioning Hydrocoil at the neck of the aneurysm increases the probability of complete occlusion and is therefore a strong predictor of aneurysm occlusion. In our experience, this technique did not demonstrate an increased risk of intra-procedural rupture or thrombo-embolic complications compared to conventional embolization with BPC.
Re-Growth of a Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm after Resection of the Associated Posterior Fossa Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Al-Jehani Hosam , Tampieri Donatella , Cortes Maria , Melançon Denis
Published: March 2014

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)-related aneurysms have been described in the literature. Their behavior varies based on their location in relation to and the activity of the shunting through the index AVM. The intuitive expectation supported by numerous reports is that these aneurysms should regress if the AVM is excluded from the circulation.

We describe a case of 46-year-old man who presented with a posterior fossa AVM with an aneurysm on the posterior inferior cerebellar artery feeding the AVM. The nidus of the AVM was successfully excluded by glue embolization, with initial regression of the PICA aneurysm on serial imaging. Five years after the endovascular treatment, the aneurysm showed significant re-growth necessitating endovascular coiling. This case presents the re-growth of an AVM-related aneurysm and emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up of such aneurysms even if the AVM is completely excluded.
The Donut Sign: A New Angiographic Sign for Partially Thrombosed Aneurysms with Flow-Induced Intraluminal Thrombus
Authors: Van Rooij Sanne B , Bechan Ratna S , Markenstein Jeroen E , Sluzewski Menno , Van Rooij Willem Jan
Published: March 2014

Three patients are described with unruptured large partially thrombosed aneurysms with a peculiar donut-shaped remaining lumen.

Observations suggest that the flow geometry of the aneurysm and parent vessels induces a preferential circular laminar flow inside the aneurysm followed by partial intraluminal thrombosis leaving a donut-shaped lumen to accommodate the circular flow. This flow mechanism of thrombus formation inside aneurysms is different from the more common repeated intramural dissections and hemorrhages that cause growth in most large and giant partially thrombosed aneurysms.
Predictors of Hemorrhagic Complications from Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Jordan José A , Llibre Juan Carlos , Vázquez Frank , Rodríguez Raúl , Prince José A. , Ugarte José Carlos
Published: March 2014

Post-embolization hemorrhage is the most severe, dramatic and morbidity-mortality-related complication in the treatment of endovascular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The objective of this study was to determine predictive factors of post-embolization hemorrhage.

This is a retrospective study in 71 patients with cerebral AVMs having undergone 147 embolization sessions with n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA), carried out between 2006 and 2011. Clinical-demographic, morphological and treatment data as well as results were recorded. The relationship of post-procedure hemorrhage with demographic and morphological factors, percentage devascularization per session, venous drainage and whether or not post-procedure hypotension had been induced was investigated.

Six post-embolization hemorrhages occurred, all in sessions characterized by extensive devascularization without the induction of post-procedure hypotension; which disappeared after a limit to the extent of devascularization per session and post-procedure hypotension were introduced. In the multivariate analysis, hemorrhage predictors were: nidus diameter < 3 cm (OR= 45.02; CI=95%:1.17–203.79; P=0.005); devascularization > 40% (OR=32.4; CI=95%: 3.142–518.6; P=0.009) per session; intranidal aneurysms (OR=7.5; CI=95%:1.19–341.3; P=0.041) and lack of post-procedure hypotension (OR=16.51; CI=95%:1.81–324.4; P=0.049) and the association of sessions with devascularization exceeding 40% with lack of post-procedure hypotension, showed an increase in the risk of hemorrhage (OR=36.4; CI=95%:3.67–362.4; P=0.002).

Extensive devascularization and the absence of post-procedure hypotension increase the risk of hemorrhage. We suggest partial, 25–30%, devascularization per session and the induction of post-procedure hypotension, which produces a 20% decrease of the basal mean arterial pressure (MAP).
Transarterial Coil-Augmented Onyx Embolization for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Technique and Experience in 22 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Gao Xu , Liang Guobiao , Li Zhiqing , Wang Xiaogang , Yu Chunyong , Cao Peng , Chen Jun , Li Jingyuan
Published: March 2014

Onyx has been widely adopted for the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, its control demands operators accumulate a considerable learning curve.

We describe our initial experience using a novel injection method for the embolization of AVMs.

We retrospectively reviewed the data of all 22 patients with brain AVMs (12 men, 10 women; age range, 12–68 years; mean age, 43.2 years) treated by the transarterial coil-augmented Onyx injection technique. The size of the AVMs ranged from 25 mm to 70 mm (average 35.6 mm). The technical feasibility of the procedure, procedure-related complications, angiographic results, and clinical outcome were evaluated.

In every case, endovascular treatment (EVT) was completed. A total of 31 sessions were performed, with a mean injection volume of 6.1 mL (range, 1.5–16.0 mL). An average of 96.7% (range 85%-100%) estimated size reduction was achieved, and 18 AVMs could be completely excluded by EVT alone. The results remained stable on follow-up angiograms. A procedural complication occurred in one patient, with permanent mild neurologic deficit.

Our preliminary series demonstrated that the coil-augmented Onyx injection technique is a valuable adjunct achieving excellent nidal penetration and improving the safety of the procedure.
Locking between a Cerebral Protection Device and a Stent-Delivering Catheter during Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Lee Jong Hun , Youn Sung Won , Kim Ho Kyun
Published: March 2014

The cerebral protection device (CPD) itself may cause complications, including locking between the CPD and other devices, that may result in catastrophic outcomes requiring surgical removal of these locked devices. We describe a case of locking between a CPD and the stent-delivering catheter during carotid artery stenting, which was safely rescued by endovascular retrieval. The mechanism underlying locking with the CPD as well as preventive actions and maneuvers for rescuing the situation are discussed.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism in a neonate presenting as life-threatening arrhythmia
Authors: Rajpoot Sudeep K , Maggi Carlos , Bhangoo Amrit
Published: March 2014

Neonatal hyperkalemia and hyponatremia are medical conditions that require an emergent diagnosis and treatment to avoid morbidity and mortality. Here, we describe the case of a 10-day-old female baby presenting with life-threatening hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and metabolic acidosis diagnosed as autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1). This report aims to recognize that PHA1 may present with a life-threatening arrhythmia due to severe hyperkalemia and describes the management of such cases in neonates.

Learning points

PHA1 may present with a life-threatening arrhythmia.

Presentation of PHA can be confused with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Timing and appropriate medical management in the critical care unit prevented fatality from severe neonatal PHA.
Estradiol stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and adiponectin expression in skeletal muscle
Authors: Capllonch-Amer Gabriela , Sbert-Roig Miquel , Galmés-Pascual Bel M , Proenza Ana M , Lladó Isabel , Gianotti Magdalena , García-Palmer Francisco J
Published: March 2014

Sexual dimorphism has been found in mitochondrial features of skeletal muscle, with female rats showing greater mitochondrial mass and function compared with males. Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing adipokine whose expression has been related to mitochondrial function and that is also expressed in skeletal muscle, where it exerts local metabolic effects. The aim of this research was to elucidate the role of sex hormones in modulation of mitochondrial function, as well as its relationship with adiponectin production in rat skeletal muscle. Anin vivostudy with ovariectomized Wistar rats receiving or not receiving 17β-estradiol (E2) (10 μg/kg per 48 h for 4 weeks) was carried out, in parallel with an assay of cultured myotubes (L6E9) treated with E2(10 nM), progesterone (Pg; 1 μM), or testosterone (1 μM). E2upregulated the markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and also of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and L6E9. Althoughin vivoE2supplementation only partially restored the decreased adiponectin expression levels induced by ovariectomy, these were enhanced by E2and Pg treatment in cultured myotubes, whereas testosterone showed no effects. Adiponectin receptor 1 expression was increased by E2treatment, bothin vivoandin vitro, but testosterone decreased it. In conclusion, our results are in agreement with the sexual dimorphism previously reported in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and indicate E2to be its main effector, as it enhances mitochondrial function and diminishes oxidative stress. Moreover, our data support the idea of the existence of a link between mitochondrial function and adiponectin expression in skeletal muscle, which could be modulated by sex hormones.
A lélek, a káosz és a titokzatos Mót: A föníciai sanchuniathón kozmogóniai töredékének platonikus olvasata
Authors: Dávid Molnár
Published: March 2014

A föníciai Sanchuniathóntól alig maradt fent valami, a vele foglalkozó bőséges szakirodalom a konkrétumok helyett inkább a körülötte lévő bizonytalanságok és feltevések miatt terjedelmes. Jelen tanulmány Sanchuniathón állítólagos föníciai kozmogóniáját vizsgálja meg. Lehetséges életrajzi adataira csak vázlatosan térek ki, és ott is csak a személye körüli legáltalánosabb bizonytalanságokra hívom fel a figyelmet.
Histological features, starch accumulation and sprouting in the early root development of Jacaranda ulei (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: SILVA PAULO R.D. DA , STEFENON VALDIR M.
Published: March 2014

The plant species occurring in the savanna region of the Cerrado biome in Brazil present typical morphological and physiological adaptations to a dry climate with seasonal occurrence of wildfires. In this study, the histological features of the root system, the main sites of synthesis and storage of starch and the initial phases of the bud development were characterized in Jacaranda ulei. The anatomical features observed in the root system of J. ulei are related to the needs of the species to survive in the Cerrado. The histochemical analyses demonstrated high synthesis of glucose and glycoprotein after the third day of in vitro culture, in the proximal cells of the cortical parenchyma of the exoderm. Meristematic primordia were observed in the ninth day and the beginning of the meristem formation was observed after 21 days of in vitro culture. Jacaranda ulei displays morphological, anatomical and storage features typical from resprouter species. However, it may be vulnerable to unsustainable exploitation. Considering the importance of this species for local people, more studies regarding its therapeutic properties should be performed, including the planning of appropriate programs for the species management and the production of selected clones through in vitro micropropagation.
Valor do sono natural ou induzido no eletrencefalograma: resultado de 500 observações em pacientes com moléstia convulsiva
Authors: Albernaz José Geraldo , Albernaz Doris Sailer
Published: March 2014

1) Sono natural ou induzido com pequenas doses de Seconal ou Dormison por via enteral foi obtido em 97,8% dos pacientes submetidos à eletrencefalografia em consultório particular, ficando, pois, demonstrado tratar-se de rotina perfeitamente exequível. 2) Em 11,6% dos casos estudados o EEG durante o sono revelou anormalidades em pacientes com traçados de vigília inteiramente normais. 3) Em mais 26% dos casos patentou anormalidades completamente diferentes das observadas em vigília. 4) As anormalidades surgidas nos períodos de sono foram, em grande parte, de tipo paroxístico, revelando, com freqüência, modificações que se correlacionam com diferentes tipos clínicos de epilepsia e oferecem elementos de valor para prognóstico e tratamento. 5) O EEG durante o sono foi particularmente útil no estudo dos focos espiculares das regiões temporais anteriores e na demonstração das descargas de origem tálamo-hipotalâmica descritas por Gibbs e Gibbs 7. 6) Em nossa opinião, sono não deve ser considerado "método de ativação" para ser usado em casos com traçados de vigília normais, mas deve fazer parte do exame eletrencefalográfico de rotina, sem o que o EEG deve ser considerado incompleto.
Crescimento de girassol como flor em vaso em função de doses de paclobutrazol
Authors: Wanderley Christina da Silva , Faria Ricardo Tadeu de , Rezende Roberto
Published: March 2014

O girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), que é comumente cultivado para produção de sementes e óleo, também apresenta potencial de uso como planta ornamental. Entretanto, seu porte elevado dificulta essa utilização, principalmente como flor em vaso. Objetivou-se neste experimento avaliar os efeitos do regulador de crescimento paclobutrazol sobre o crescimento de plantas de girassol em vaso, cultivadas em sistema hidropônico, dentro de estufa, em vasos preenchidos com sílica moída. Os dois genótipos de girassol utilizados foram BRS Oásis, com capítulo marrom e altura média de 1,85 m, e Helio 358, com capítulo amarelo e altura média de 1,45 m. As doses de paclobutrazol avaliadas foram 0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; e 6 mg L-1 , aplicadas diretamente no substrato de sílica moída. A solução nutritiva utilizada foi a de Hoagland, e as plantas foram mantidas sob aeração constante. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial com cinco repetições, totalizando 60 parcelas. Avaliaram-se a altura das plantas e a massa de matéria seca de raiz, caule, folhas e de capítulos. Houve efeito do paclobutrazol sobre o crescimento das plantas. O uso do paclobutrazol na dose de 2mgL-1 reduz a altura do girassol, porém não afeta a qualidade da inflorescência, o que pode viabilizar o seu uso na produção de flores de girassol como ornamentais. A sensibilidade ao paclobutrazol é maior para o genótipo Helio 358 em relação ao genótipo BRS Oásis.
Produtividade de arroz de terras altas em função de reguladores de crescimento
Authors: Alvarez Rita de Cassia Felix , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Nascente Adriano Stephan
Published: March 2014

O uso de irrigação por aspersão e, ou, de níveis elevados de adubação, no arroz de terras altas, pode resultar no aumento da altura de plantas e, consequentemente, em maiores taxas de acamamento. Para resolver esse problema, podem-se utilizar reguladores vegetais, como forma de reduzir a altura da planta. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a eficiência de reguladores vegetais, aplicados no estádio de diferenciação do primórdio da panícula, na redução da altura da planta, e suas consequências nos componentes da produção e da produtividade de grãos do arroz de terras altas, cv. Primavera, irrigado por aspersão. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: cloreto de mepiquat e etil-trinexapac, aplicados nas doses 0, 50, 100 e 200 mg i.a. ha-1, e, o paclobutrazol, nas doses 0, 25, 50 e 100 mg i.a. ha-1. Os reguladores vegetais reduzem a altura da planta e o aumento das doses dos reguladores reduziu os valores dos componentes da produção e da produtividade de grãos; o etil-trinexapac foi o regulador mais prejudicial à produtividade do arroz; não foi identificada uma dose adequada de regulador que aliasse à redução da altura das plantas a capacidade de aumentar a produtividade de grãos.
Estudios etiológicos de la marchitez del aguacate en Antioquia-Colombia
Authors: Gil Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez , Sánchez Darío Antonio Castañeda , Osorio Juan Gonzalo Morales
Published: March 2014

El cultivo de aguacate en Colombia ha presentado un incremento en el área sembrada durante la última década, especialmente en clima frío moderado, entre 1.800 y 2.500 msnm. La variedad Hass se destaca por tener la mayor área sembrada en este clima, en el departamento de Antioquia-Colombia. Este cultivo presenta grandes retos tecnológicos para su expansión; entre ellos el manejo de enfermedades ocupa un lugar predominante por las implicaciones que tiene en costos, impacto en la salud, ambiente y restricciones para exportaciones. La marchitez, ocasiona la muerte de numerosos árboles en todas las etapas del cultivo y presenta la mayor incidencia y severidad de las enfermedades identificadas para este cultivo. El desconocimiento de los agentes causales de esta enfermedad, ha llevado a realizar prácticas de manejo encaminadas principalmente al control del oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, como único agente causal. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los distintos agentes causales de la marchitez del aguacate y la relación de su incidencia con las prácticas de manejo en lotes cultivados en el departamento de Antioquia-Colombia. Los resultados encontrados muestran que la marchitez es el principal problema del cultivo de aguacate. Los microorganismos P. cinnamomi, Phytophthora heveae Thompson, Phytophthora citrícola Sawada, Verticillium sp., y Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinss) Scholten fueron aislados y reprodujeron los síntomas asociados a marchitez. Las condiciones de bajo contenido de oxigeno el suelo también reprodujeron la sintomatología de marchitez, involucrando también un origen abiótico en la etiología.
Genetic divergence of tomato subsamples
Authors: Mattedi André Pugnal , Guimarães Marcelo de Almeida , Nick Carlos , Silva Derly José Henriques da , Puiatti Mário , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza
Published: March 2014

Understanding the genetic variability of a species is crucial for the progress of a genetic breeding program and requires characterization and evaluation of germplasm. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate 101 tomato subsamples of the Salad group (fresh market) and two commercial controls, one of the Salad group (cv. Fanny) and another of the Santa Cruz group (cv. Santa Clara). Four experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replications and five plants per plot. The joint analysis of variance was performed and characteristics with significant complex interaction between control and experiment were excluded. Subsequently, the multicollinearity diagnostic test was carried out and characteristics that contributed to severe multicollinearity were excluded. The relative importance of each characteristics for genetic divergence was calculated by the Singh's method (Singh, 1981), and the less important ones were excluded according to Garcia (1998). Results showed large genetic divergence among the subsamples for morphological, agronomic and organoleptic characteristics, indicating potential for genetic improvement. The characteristics total soluble solids, mean number of good fruits per plant, endocarp thickness, mean mass of marketable fruit per plant, total acidity, mean number of unmarketable fruit per plant, internode diameter, internode length, main stem thickness and leaf width contributed little to the genetic divergence between the subsamples and may be excluded in future studies.
Selection of common bean lines with high grain yield and high grain calcium and iron concentrations
Authors: Ribeiro Nerinéia Dalfollo , Jost Evandro , Maziero Sandra Maria , Storck Lindolfo , Rosa Daniele Piano
Published: March 2014

Genetic improvement of common bean nutritional quality has advantages in marketing and can contribute to society as a food source. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability for grain yield, calcium and iron concentrations in grains of inbred common bean lines obtained by different breeding methods. For this, 136 F7 inbred lines were obtained using the Pedigree method and 136 F7 inbred lines were obtained using the Single-Seed Descent (SSD) method. The lines showed genetic variability for grain yield, and concentrations of calcium and iron independently of the method of advancing segregating populations. The Pedigree method allows obtaining a greater number of lines with high grain yield. Selection using the SSD method allows the identification of a larger number of lines with high concentrations of calcium and iron in grains. Weak negative correlations were found between grain yield and calcium concentration (r = -0.0994) and grain yield and iron concentration (r = -0.3926). Several lines show genetic superiority for grain yield and concentrations of calcium and iron in grains and their selection can result in new common bean cultivars with high nutritional quality.
Variabilidade em população base de pimenteiras ornamentais (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Silva Neto João José da , Rêgo Elizanilda Ramalho do , Nascimento Mayana Ferreira , Silva Filho Vital Antônio Lucena , Almeida Neto Jorge Xavier de , Rêgo Mailson Monteiro do
Published: March 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar progênies de uma população base de pimenteiras (Capsicum annuum L.). Foram utilizadas 54 plantas de uma geração F2 de pimenteiras ornamentais, para se avaliarem os seguintes caracteres morfoagronômicos: altura da planta (AP), diâmetro da copa (DDC), altura da primeira bifurcação (APB), diâmetro do caule (DCL), comprimento da folha (CFL), largura da folha (LFL), comprimento da corola (CDC), comprimento de antera (CANT), comprimento do estilete (CES) e largura da pétala (LAP). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância, com posterior agrupamento das médias para o teste de Scott-Knott (p<0,01). Com exceção do CANT, verificaram-se diferenças significativas para os demais descritores, pelo Teste F. O DCL foi o descritor com maior herdabilidade (99,49%), seguido de DDC (96,14%) e APB (94,05%). O caractere DCL apresentou maior variabilidade entre as plantas, formando 13 classes, seguido de DDC, com oito e APB, com seis classes. Quando se utilizaram as técnicas multivariadas, foi possível agrupar as 54 plantas em oito grupos, sendo o grupo 1 o que reuniu maior número de plantas (35). A característica que mais contribuiu para a divergência genética foi o diâmetro do caule (68,97%), seguida pelo diâmetro da copa (9,22%), altura da primeira bifurcação (6,76%) e altura da planta (4,58%). Já as características de flor foram as que menos contribuíram para a variabilidade (10,47%). Houve variabilidade entre as plantas estudadas, sendo possível praticar seleção dentro dessa família, dando continuidade ao Programa de Melhoramento de Pimenteiras.
Aplicação de extrato etanólico de própolis no crescimento e produtividade do feijoeiro comum
Authors: Pereira Cassiano Spaziani , Maia Luiz Fernando Pereira , Paula Francielen Silva de
Published: March 2014

A própolis é uma substância muito utilizada em várias áreas da ciência, porém, os efeitos da sua aplicação em culturas anuais ainda são desconhecidos. Diante disto, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, verificar o efeito da aplicação de extrato etanólico de própolis (EEP) sobre a severidade da antracnose, o crescimento e a produtividade do feijoeiro carioca, cultivar IPR 139. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos no período de outubro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. O delineamento experimental dos experimentos foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, realizando-se três aplicações de EEP nas concentrações: 0; 1; 2; 3 e 4%, quinzenalmente, a partir de 25 dias após a emergência (DAE). O EEP foi preparado com 10% de própolis bruta (originária do litoral paranaense) e 90% de álcool, a 96 ºGL. A altura das plantas, o número de folhas e a área foliar não foram alterados. O EEP na concentração de 4% reduziu a severidade da antracnose em até 63%, aumentou os teores foliares de nitrogênio (N), magnésio (Mg), ferro (Fe), a área foliar/folha e produtividade em até 33%. A redução da severidade da antracnose, obtida com a aplicação do EEP, aumentou a produtividade do feijoeiro.
Carotenoides totais em resíduos do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Seabra Larissa Mont'Alverne Jucá , Damasceno Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves , Silva Camila Ricioli da , Gomes Camila de Carvalho , Pedrosa Lucia Fátima Campos
Published: March 2014

Considerando-se o possível aproveitamento dos resíduos, provenientes do beneficiamento do camarão, realizouse, neste trabalho, a determinação da concentração de carotenoides totais dos resíduos do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei e da farinha obtida após secagem. As análises foram realizadas nos resíduos in natura e na farinha recémprocessada (dia 0) e aos 60, 120 e 180 dias de armazenamento sob congelamento. Os resíduos frescos apresentaram, no dia 0, teores de 42,74 µg/g de carotenoides totais e, a farinha recém-processada, de 98,51 µg/g. Após 180 dias de armazenamento, sob congelamento, os teores de carotenoides totais diminuíram significativamente, quando comparados com os do dia 0 (p < 0,05).
DECREASING PREVALENCE OF THE ACUTE/SUBACUTE CLINICAL FORM OF PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: Fabris Larissa Rodrigues , Andrade Úrsulla Vilella , Santos Aline Ferreira Dos , Marques Ana Paula da Costa , Oliveira Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de , Mendes Rinaldo Pôncio , Paniago Anamaria Mello Miranda
Published: March 2014

With the objective to evaluate the behavior of paracoccidioidomycosis in the last three decades, clinical and epidemiological data of 595 patients admitted to clinical services of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul from 1980 to 2009 were investigated. Gender, age distribution, clinical form, comorbidity with tuberculosis or AIDS, and mortality were compared by decades of clinical admission. It was shown that during the three decades there was a decrease in women percentage, and the same manner occurred a reduction in participants in the age group of 20 to 39 years. Moreover, the acute/subacute forms have been diminished in the period. These fluctuations are closely related and can be simultaneously analyzed. Increased AIDS co-infection prevalence from the first to the second decade was also revealed, coinciding with the appearance of the retroviral epidemic and stabilizing during the third decade. No change in the tuberculosis co-infection rate was observed (overall = 6.9%). It reinforces the importance of this co-morbidity. The overall mortality rate remained steady at 6.7%, not varying significantly from one decade to another. The persistent mortality rate calls attention to the importance of this neglected disease.
Recent changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in an ecological reserve in Federal District, Brazil
Authors: Santos Carlos Antônio Costa dos
Published: March 2014

The main objective of this study is to provide information on trends, in local scale, using records of daily temperature and precipitation of a single weather station in an ecological reserve of the savanna biome in Federal District/Brazil, analyzing different extreme climatic indices. The extreme temperature indices have identified that the days are getting warmer and the nights are cooler at local scale. Thus, the local diurnal temperature range is increasing. The results also evidence that the number of days with heavy precipitation is decreasing, but the precipitation indices presented high variability and suggest the importance of further studies related to changes in land use and urbanization. The locally obtained temperature results point to changes in South America.
Missing data imputation of climate datasets: implications to modeling extreme drought events
Authors: Ferrari Gláucia Tatiana , Ozaki Vitor
Published: March 2014

Time series from weather stations in Brazil have several missing data, outliers and spurious zeroes. In order to use this dataset in risk and meteorological studies, one should take into account alternative methodologies to deal with these problems. This article describes the statistical imputation and quality control procedures applied to a database of daily precipitation from meteorological stations located in the State of Parana, Brazil. After imputation, the data went through a process of quality control to identify possible errors, such as: identical precipitation over seven consecutive days and precipitation values that differ significantly from the values in neighboring weather stations. Next, we used the extreme value theory to model agricultural drought, considering the maximum number of consecutive days with precipitation below 7 mm for the period between January and February, in the main soybean agricultural regions in the State of Parana.
Influência dos jatos em médios e baixos níveis nos processos de nuvem: estudo numérico de uma linha de instabilidade amazônica
Authors: Alcântara Clênia Rodrigues , Souza Enio Pereira de , Dias Maria Assunção Faus da Silva , Biezato Bruno
Published: March 2014

As linhas de instabilidade (LI) são tempestades multicelulares e é bem conhecido que fatores como o cisalhamento vertical do vento podem agir para organizar a convecção, porém há poucos indícios de como jatos de médios e baixos níveis podem alterar os processos de nuvens e, por sua vez, interferir na intensidade, duração e propagação desses sistemas. Este trabalho tenta mostrar esse papel utilizando um caso de LI amazônica simulada a partir de um perfil atmosférico do vento em Belém - PA às 12:00 UTC do dia 30 de maio de 2008. Para isso, uma série de 8 experimentos numéricos, alterando-se o perfil do vento e utilizando-se o BRAMS, foi realizada. Os resultados mostraram que com a ocorrência de um jato profundo e intenso até os médios níveis pode haver uma maior ventilação nas nuvens, implicando em mais evaporação e secagem, ou seja, maior entranhamento. O entranhamento sendo maior pode interferir nas correntes descendentes, nas piscinas frias, na convergência à frente do sistema e nas correntes ascendentes, de forma que mais energia pode estar disponível para o sistema. Assim, as LI têm maior possibilidade de se propagarem com maior velocidade e perdurarem por mais tempo.