bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEGAL REGULATION OF WORKING HOURS: HISTORY AND MODERNITY
Authors: Нинциева Тамила Магомедовна
Published: August 2020

В представленной статье рассматриваются исторические особенности развития правового регулирования рабочего времени, анализируются отдельные нормативные акты, регулирующий данный вопрос.

This article discusses the historical features of the development of legal regulation of working time, analyzes individual regulatory acts governing this issue.
MORPHOLOGY AND LIFE CYCLE OF DIROFILARIA REPENS. DIROFILARIASIS OF DOGS AND HUMANS IN THE VORONEZH REGION
Authors: Федорцов Александр Александрович , Пугачева Екатерина Алексеевна , Пашков Александр Николаевич , Карташова Наталия Михайловна , Чепрасова Анна Александровна , Парфенова Наталья Владимировна
Published: August 2020

В статье рассмотрена морфология такого гельминта, как Dirofilaria repens, и особенности его жизненного цикла в организме основных хозяев, переносчика и человека. Также данная работа раскрывает эпидемиологическую обстановку по дирофиляриозу в Воронежской области.

The article discusses the morphology of such a helminth as Dirofilaria repens, and the features of its life cycle in the body of the main hosts, carrier and human. Also, this work reveals the epidemiological situation of dirofilariasis in the Voronezh region.
FEATURES OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS OF OLDER PRESCHOOLERS WITH PROBLEMATIC FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
Authors: Кобазева Юлия Александровна , Клевядо Валерия Игоревна
Published: August 2020

Статья посвящена изучению особенностей межличностного взаимодействия старших дошкольников с проблемными формами общения и детей, не испытывающих трудности в общении. Выявлены общие особенности и различия во взаимодействии детей со сверстниками с различными формами общения.

The article is devoted to the study of the features of interpersonal interaction of older preschoolers with problematic forms of communication and children who do not experience difficulties in communication. Common features and differences in the interaction of children with peers with different forms of communication are revealed.
ACTUAL PROBLEM OF THE CONSUMER WHEN PURCHASING GOODS OF POOR QUALITY
Authors: Каламбет Денис Александрович
Published: August 2020

Каждый день мы делам покупки в сфере торговли. И зачастую мы видя заманчивые предложение в организациях торговли введемся на их предложения, забывая прежде всего о качестве. Зачастую сталкиваемся с товарами реализуемые с ненадлежащим качеством и появлением в этих товарах недостатков. При осуществлении покупки некачественного товара потребитель не всегда принимает соответствующие меры, а написав претензию и наткнувшись на отказ продавца, обменять товар или вернуть деньги. И в законе, не определена ответственность владельца магазина за продажу недоброкачественного товара, не определена обязанность суда взыскать с продавца штраф за продажу товара ненадлежащего качества, а так же не понятна новая формулировка в законе «О защите прав потребителей» «неопределенный круг лиц», редко обращается в суд.

Every day we do business shopping in the field of commerce. And often when we see a tempting offer in trade organizations, we will introduce ourselves to their offers, forgetting first of all about quality. Often we encounter goods sold with inadequate quality and the appearance of deficiencies in these goods. When making a purchase of low-quality goods, the consumer does not always take appropriate measures, but after writing a claim and stumbled upon the seller’s refusal, exchange the goods or return the money. And in the law, the responsibility of the store owner for the sale of defective goods is not defined, the court’s obligation to recover a fine from the seller for the sale of goods of inadequate quality is not defined, and the new wording in the law “On Protection of Consumer Rights” “an indefinite circle of people” is rarely understood appeals to the court.
FEATURES OF COMMUNICATIVE QUALITIES OF FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS SOCIONOMIC PROFESSIONS
Authors: Травинова Галина Николаевна
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматриваются особенности коммуникативных качеств студентов-первокурсников, обучающихся на психологическом и филологическом факультетах вуза. На основе анализа результатов проведенного эмпирического исследования выявлены общие и специфические коммуникативные качества, присущие студентам как будущим психологам-консультантам и преподавателям иностранного языка.

The article explores the peculiarities of the communicative qualities of first-year students at the psychological and philological faculties of the university. Based on the results of empirical study results, revealed are the general and specific communicative qualities of the future counseling psychologists and foreign language teachers.
TERRITORIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE LEVEL OF POVERTY OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION IN THE PERIOD SINCE 2008 TILL 2018
Authors: Елинсон Мария Альбертовна , Щербина Ирина Васильевна
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматривается дифференциация субъектов Российской Федерации по величине прожиточного минимума в период с 2008 по 2018 гг. Произведена группировка субъектов РФ по уровню бедности населения. Применение методов статистического, картографического анализа позволило выявить концентрацию регионов в области низких значений, рост различий между богатыми и бедными регионами.

The article considers the differentiation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of minimum wage in the period from 2008 to 2018. The grouping of subjects of the country according to the level of poverty of the population is made. The application of statistical and cartographic analysis methods allowed us to identify the concentration of regions within low values, the growth of differences between rich and poor regions.
DIGITALIZATION OF INDUSTRY BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Пудовкина Ольга Евгеньевна
Published: August 2020

В данной статье представлен авторский взгляд к сущности цифровизации экономики. Рассмотрен подход к трансформации промышленного комплекса в условиях глубокого проникновения современных цифровых технологий. Автором анализируется концепция цифровой экосистемы, основанной на теории нового индустриального общества.

This article presents the author's view of the essence of digitalization of the economy. The approach to the transformation of the industrial complex in the conditions of deep penetration of modern digital technologies is considered. The author analyzes the concept of a digital ecosystem based on the theory of a new industrial society.
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SCHOOL OF RUSSIAN MEDIEVAL STUDIES OF THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SILVER AGE CULTURE. HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
Authors: Дозморов Валерий Александрович
Published: August 2020

В статье представлен историографический очерк по изучению культурно-исторической школы русской медиевистики рубежа XIX-XX столетий. Целью данного исследования явилось изучение представленной литературы по данной тематике.

The article presents a historiographical essay on the study of the cultural and historical school of Russian medieval studies at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The purpose of this study was to study the literature presented on this topic.
Heavy Metal Accumulation in Veli Lake Sediments - Kerala Coast of India
Authors: Grace BL
Published: August 2020

Organisms inhabiting in water require little amount of trace elements. At finest level they are favorable and further than that edge it affected fatal to the ecosystem. Continuous dumping of impurities like heavy metals from various supplies in significant quantities are constantly discharged into the rivers reaches estuaries and oceans. For the reason of this unwanted human liberation oceanic biosphere is recognized to hold heaviness of heavy metals. For most of the heavy metals estuarine sediments form the ultimate catch. The metals entering the system through various sources may associate with the sediment particles either by absorption are gradually sink with sediment or they may get released when mixed with marine water due to altered physico-chemical environment. Veli Lake is polluted by different means which is situated in the south west coast of India (Kerala). The additional quantities of heavy metals come from agricultural, industrial and domestic wastes. Hence sediments are indicators of the quality of overlying water, for the present study five different heavy metals were analyzed from the sediments of Veli Lake. Monthly collection of sediments and analysis were carried out for a period of one year (April-2017 to March-2018). The five metals analyzed were copper, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc. Low levels of copper were observed in all the stations while comparing other metals. The seasonal variations were also noted for all the five metals and discussed.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES QUANTIDADES DE HIDROGEL NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE MAMÃO PAPAYA
Authors: Nomura Mirian , Filho José Mendes Pereira , Costa Estevam Matheus , Pereira Leandro Spíndola , Ventura Matheus Vinicius Abadia
Published: August 2020

O trabalho foi desenvolvido na UEMG, na unidade de Ituiutaba, iniciado em setembro e avaliado em outubro de 2018. Avaliou-se a produção de mudas de mamão papaya com diferentes dosagens de hidrogel. Os tratamentos consistem em diferentes dosagens; T1 – testemunha; T2 – 4g; T3 – 6g; T4 – 8g e T5 – 10g. O delineamento experimental foi em Inteiramente ao acaso (DIC) com quatro repetições, sendo dez plantas por parcela experimental. Os resultados avaliados foram número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, altura da parte aérea, comprimento raiz, matéria fresca da parte aérea, matéria fresca raiz, matéria seca da parte aérea e matéria seca raiz. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Na produção das mudas do mamão papaya o uso das dosagens de 4,0 e 6,0 g de hidrogel proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas nas variáveis analisadas.
DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MARACUJAZEIRO-AZEDO SOB DISTINTAS DOSES DE TIAMINA EM DIFERENTES TIPOS DE SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Vieira Junior Wagner Gonçalves , Mendonça Sillas Martins , Matos Diogo Jânio De Carvalho , Mendes Danilo Wanderley , Cunha Matheus Luis Oliveira , Rios Anderli Divina Ferreira
Published: August 2020

O gênero Passiflora possui um grande número de espécies, mais de 400, sendo cerca de 120 nativas do Brasil. A produção comercial de mudas de maracujá é realizada principalmente através de sementes e também através da propagação vegetativa. As plantas de maracujazeiro originadas de sementes são mais vigorosas e precoces do que aquelas provenientes de enxertia. As plantas necessitam de substratos com características físicas, químicas e microbiologia que proporcionem a semente uma germinação adequada, além de garantir o desenvolvimento da planta e de seu sistema radicular. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade Evangélica de Goianésia – Goianésia Goiás, em blocos casualizado em fatorial 4x3 com 6 repetições, sendo o primeiro fator compostos por quatro doses de tiamina (vitamina B1), sendo elas: 0mg L-1, 100mg L-1, 300mg L-1 e 500mg L-1 e o segundo fator constituído por três substratos, sendo eles: esterco bovino (solo, areia e esterco bovino, proporção de 1:2:1), cama de frango (solo, areia e esterco de frango, proporção de 1:2:1) e substrato comercial Tropstrato®. As sementes de maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis) foram plantadas em sacos plásticos pretos de capacidade para 1kg. A semeadura foi realizada com três sementes por saco, posteriormente realizando o desbaste permanecendo apenas uma planta por unidade. Após 40 dias da semeadura as plantas foram retiradas do substrato, limpas e analisadas quanto á: comprimento de planta (caule e parte aérea), comprimento de raiz (final da raiz até a inserção do caule), massa fresca de parte área (folhas) e massa fresca total da planta. Verificou-se que a tiamina tem ligação com o desenvolvimento vegetativo da planta. Doses de 500mg L-1 são eficazes apenas quando utilizada junto a substrato comercial em variáveis quanto ao tamanho de planta e peso de folhas. Ao se utilizar substrato a base de cama de frango, a dose de 300 mg L-1 é a mais eficaz em todas as variáveis avaliadas. Para esterco bovino a dose 100 mg L-1 é mais eficaz com exceção para tamanho de planta.
Adubação Nitrogenada Na Produção De Rúcula
Authors: Guimarães Nádia Rossi , Souza Rodrigo Fernandes de , Silva Ayure Gomes da , Bittar Dyb Youssef
Published: August 2020

A rúcula é uma hortaliça que se destaca pela sua composição nutricional, relevante na alimentação humana, pois é rica em minerais como potássio, enxofre e ferro, além das vitaminas A e C. A cultura em questão necessita de bastante nutrientes para sua produção, e um destes nutrientes o qual a cultura exige em grande quantidade é o nitrogênio sendo o segundo mais utilizado na cultura. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de nitrogênio nas características agronômicas e de produção da rúcula. O experimento foi conduzido na cidade de Goianésia. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados quatro tratamentos 0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 e 200 kg ha-1. As características morfológicas avaliadas foram: altura da planta, número de folhas, comprimento da folha e da raiz, largura da folha, diâmetro do caule, massa seca e fresca da parte aérea, massa seca e fresca da raiz, e peso total da planta seca e fresca. Foi realizada a análise de variância, e quando os parâmetros foram significativos, procedeu-se a análise de regressão. As doses crescentes de nitrogênio pronunciaram-se positivamente sobre número de folhas, comprimento da folha, largura da folha, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca da raiz, peso total de planta seca e fresca. Assim, conclui-se que a maior dosagem de nitrogênio (200 kg ha-1) foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados, sendo então o mais indicado para a produção de rúcula.
PRODUÇÃO DE RÚCULA EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES DOSAGENS DE FÓSFORO
Authors: Magalhães Daniela Vieira , Silva Ayure Gomes da , Souza Rodrigo Fernandes de , Bittar Dyb Youssef
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se com este trabalho de pesquisa foi identificar a dosagem ideal de fósforo para a cultura da rúcula (Eruca sativa Miller), em latossolo. O experimento foi conduzido na área da fazenda escola da Faculdade Evangélica de Goianésia, localizada no Vale São Patrício, O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com 4 doses de Fósforo (P), Cada parcela foi constituída de vaso com capacidade para 5 dm-3. Utilizou-se da cultivar Folha Larga (Sakata ®). As características morfológicas avaliadas foram Altura de Planta (AP), Número de Folhas (NF), Comprimento da Folha (CF), Largura da Folha (LF), Massa fresca da Parte Aérea (MFPA), Massa Seca da Parte Aérea (MSPA), Massa Fresca da Raiz (MFR) e Massa Seca da Raiz (MSR). De forma geral para todas as características avaliadas não houve efeito significativo, a cultura não respondeu à adubação fosfatada, desta forma pela rúcula se tratar de uma cultura bastante rápida, sugere-se que, em solos de alta fertilidade, a adubação desta cultura com fósforo (P₂O₅), pode ser dispensada. Contudo, novos experimentos devem ser realizados, para melhor consolidação acerca da adubação fosfatada da rúcula.
Awareness and practices regarding dental health among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Sri Lanka
Authors: Samarathunga S. M. I. S. K. , Gamage K. G. C. K. , Welahetti S. R. , Lakmali H. K. K. , Hemali I. D. T , Sewwandi K. P. A. , Priyadarshani U. G. N
Published: August 2020

Dental health is an important aspect of health. Further, teeth related dilemmas
are common in pregnancy and thus have influences on the growing fetus. The study
was conducted to assess awareness and practices regarding dental health among
pregnant women, who attended the antenatal clinic at Sri Jayewardenepura General
Hospital, Sri Lanka in 2018. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted
with the participation of randomly selected 150 pregnant women who attended
antenatal clinic, by using pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire.
Knowledge and practices scores were developed based on the maximum and
minimum marks allocated for each section. Pearson Chi-square test was performed
to determine the associations. Of the participants, 70% (n=105) were aware
regarding the fact that hormonal imbalances during pregnancy may affect their
dental health. However, only 21.3% (n=32) had awareness regarding the fact that
frequent vomiting during pregnancy period is a risk factor for dental erosion.
Further, 56.7% (n=85) of the participants were knowledgeable regarding the
influence of mother's dental health on their growing fetus. Most frequent source of
knowledge regarding the importance of dental health during pregnancy was the
family doctor (40%, n=60) in participants, 54% (n=81) had good knowledge
regarding dental health during pregnancy. Regarding overall level of dental care
practices, only 33.3% (n=50) had good dental care practices. Age (p=0.02), level
of education (p=0.01) and monthly income (p=0.01) showed a significant
association with dental care knowledge while, the level of education (p=0.01)
showed significant association with dental care practices among participants.
Although more than half of the participants had good knowledge regarding dental
health, less than one fourth of individuals were following proper dental practices.
This study emphasizes the importance of conducting health education programmes
to reduce the knowledge practice gap and to highlight the importance of dental care
practices during pregnancy for better health outcome towards mother and baby.

Keywords: Awareness, Practice, Dental health, Pregnant women, Patriarchy
In Defense of a Latin Social Trinity: A Response to William Hasker
Authors: Williams Scott M.
Published: August 2020

In “Unity of Action in a Latin Social Model of the Trinity,” I objected to William Hasker’s Social Model of the Trinity (among others) on the grounds that it does not secure the necessary agreement between the divine persons. Further, I developed a Latin Social model of the Trinity. Hasker has responded by defending his Social Model and by raising seven objections against my Latin Social Model. Here I raise a new objection against Hasker on the grounds that it is inconsistent with Conciliar Trinitarianism, and I respond to the seven objections and in so doing further develop the Latin Social Model.
NALISIS PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGES YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2015–2018
Authors: Alifianda Randy , Takarini Nurjanti
Published: August 2020

The company was founded with the aim of getting maximum and sustainable profits. Profitability can be used to assess how well a company can survive in its business. So, the purpose of this research was to find out the effect of liquidity, leverage, and activities in increasing profitability. The sample selection technique used in this research was purposive sampling. Samples obtained were 17 food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2015–2018 period. The data used in this research were secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique used in this research was multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of research that had been investigated, it can be concluded that leverage calculated using Debt to Assets Ratio was not able to contribute to profitability. Liquidity calculated using Current Ratio and Activities calculated using Total Assets Turnover Ratio can contribute to profitability.
The Effect of Water Content on the Gamma-ray Attenuation Factor of the Reactor Shielding Concrete
Authors: Alhajali S. , Boush M.
Published: August 2020

The surrounding conditions of the shielding concrete, (moisture and temperature), affect the water content within it, and therefore, the attenuation coefficient of the concrete. In this study, the impact of changing the amount of water, in four types of local candidate shielding concretes was investigated. The concrete attenuation coefficient of gamma-rays has been identified experimentally and computationally using the MCNP-4C code. The results show a significant decrease in the attenuation coefficient of each the four concrete samples due to the water losses, especially between 20- 100 oC. Acceptable compatibility was noticed between the measured and calculated results of the attenuation coefficient of the studied concrete samples.
Relativistic Reflection and Reverberation in GX 339–4 with NICER and NuSTAR
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Kara Erin , Steiner James F. , García Javier A. , Homan Jeroen , Neilsen Joseph , Marcel Grégoire , Ludlam Renee M. , Tombesi Francesco , Cackett Edward M. , Remillard Ron A.
Published: August 2020

We analyze seven Neutron Star Interior Composition Interior Explorer (NICER) and Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array epochs of the black hole X-ray binary GX 339–4 in the hard state during its two most recent hard-only outbursts in 2017 and 2019. These observations cover the 1–100 keV unabsorbed luminosities between 0.3% and 2.1% of the Eddington limit. With NICER’s negligible pileup, high count rate, and unprecedented time resolution, we perform a spectral-timing analysis and spectral modeling using relativistic and distant reflection models. Our spectral fitting shows that as the inner disk radius moves inward, the thermal disk emission increases in flux and temperature, the disk becomes more highly ionized, and the reflection fraction increases. This coincides with the inner disk increasing its radiative efficiency around ∼1% Eddington. We see a hint of the hysteresis effect at ∼0.3% of Eddington; the inner radius is significantly truncated during the rise (>49R

g
), while only a mild truncation (∼5R

g
) is found during the decay. At higher frequencies (2–7 Hz) in the highest-luminosity epoch, a soft lag is present whose energy dependence reveals a thermal reverberation lag with an amplitude similar to previous findings for this source. We also discuss the plausibility of the hysteresis effect and the debate of the disk truncation problem in the hard state.
Effects of Superthermal Plasmas on the Linear Growth of Multiband EMIC Waves
Authors: Cao Xing , Ni Binbin , Summers Danny , Ma Xin , Lou Yuequn , Zhang Yang , Gu Xudong , Fu Song
Published: August 2020

Observations show that particle velocity distributions in space plasmas generally exhibit a non-Maxwellian high-energy tail that can be well fitted with kappa distributions. To better understand the correlation between realistic particle velocity distributions and plasma wave excitation, we investigate the linear cyclotron instability of multiband electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in a kappa plasma containing hot anisotropic protons, which provides the free energy for the wave growth. We find that the effects of superthermal plasmas on EMIC wave instability have a strong dependence on the emission band, temperature anisotropy A
hp, and parallel beta β
hp of hot protons. For H+ and He+ band EMIC waves, the maximum growth rates exhibit distinct behaviors with the variation of the spectral index κ of kappa distributions for different A
hp values. The maximum growth rates decrease with increasing κ-value for low A
hp and increase with increasing κ-value for high A
hp. For O+ band waves, the effects of superthermal plasmas on the maximum growth rate are strongly controlled by β
hp. For low β
hp, the growth rate decreases monotonically with increasing κ-value for all A
hp. For high β
hp, increase of κ-value tends to enhance the wave growth for intermediate A
hp and to suppress the wave growth otherwise. Our results also indicate that the presence of a high-energy tail tends to decrease the real frequency corresponding to the maximum growth rate for all three bands. While the minimum electron resonant energy for O+ band EMIC waves decreases as the κ-value increases, the minimum electron resonant energies for H+ and He+ band waves remain unaffected.
Designation of a neotype for Mazama americana (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) reveals a cryptic new complex of brocket deer species
Authors: Cifuentes-Rincón Analorena , Morales-Donoso Jorge Alfonso , Sandoval Eluzai Dinai Pinto , Tomazella Iara Maluf , Mantellatto Aline Meira Bonfim , de Thoisy Benoit , Duarte José Maurício Barbanti
Published: August 2020

Mazama americana (red brocket deer) is the genus-type species (first species described for this genus) and the basis for the identity of other Mazama species. Mazama americana is one of the most abundant and widely distributed deer species in the neotropical forest. However, recent studies suggest that this taxon belongs to a species complex. Our goal was to collect an animal at the type locality (topotype) in French Guiana with the aim of characterizing the morphological (biometric, craniometric), cytogenetic (Giemsa, C-banding, G-banding and NOR) and molecular (mitochondrial DNA) features. The comparisons showed that the collected specimen was very similar morphologically to specimens from other South American populations, but it was cytogenetically and molecularly very different from any of the cytotypes already described for this species, corroborating the existence of a complex of cryptic species. The data suggest that the M. americana topotype is a different species from all the cytotypes already described in the literature and which occupy the southern region of the Amazon River. The characterization and designation of the M. americana neotype is the first step toward a taxonomic reorganization of the genus Mazama, with the potential identification of new species.
Trioza turouguei sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Triozidae), a new psyllid species from Taiwan inducing pea-shaped stem galls on Cinnamomum osmophloeum (Lauraceae), with notes on its galling biology
Authors: Tung Gene-Sheng , Liao Yi-Chang , Burckhardt Daniel , Yang Man-Miao
Published: August 2020

Trioza turougueisp. nov., a new species of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera, Triozidae) from Taiwan, is described and illustrated based on adults and immatures. The latter induce pea-shaped galls on the stems ofCinnamomum osmophloeumKaneh. (Lauraceae). The gall phenology of the new species is described. A list of species of Triozidae associated withCinnamomumin the Old World is provided. The following nomenclatorial acts are proposed:Trioza inflataLi, 1992 =Trioza xiangicamphoraeLi, 1992,syn. nov.;Siphonaleyrodes formosanusTakahashi, 1932,stat. rev., is removed from synonymy withTrioza cinnamomi(Boselli, 1931).
Annotated checklist of freshwater molluscs from the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ng Ting Hui , Jeratthitikul Ekgachai , Sutcharit Chirasak , Chhuoy Samol , Pin Kakada , Pholyotha Arthit , Siriwut Warut , Srisonchai Ruttapon , Hogan Zeb S. , Ngor Peng Bun
Published: August 2020

The Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia is a crucial freshwater biodiversity hotspot and supports one of the world’s largest inland fisheries. Within the Tonle Sap basin, freshwater molluscs provide vital ecosystem services and are among the fauna targetted for commercial harvesting. Despite their importance, freshwater molluscs of the Tonle Sap basin remain poorly studied. The historical literature was reviewed and at least 153 species of freshwater molluscs have been previously recorded from throughout Cambodia, including 33 from the Tonle Sap basin. Surveys of the Tonle Sap Lake and surrounding watershed were also conducted and found 31 species, 15 bivalves (five families) and 16 gastropods (eight families), in the Tonle Sap basin, including three new records for Cambodia (Scaphula minuta,Novaculina siamensis,Wattebledia siamensis), the presence of globally invasivePomacea maculataand potential pest species likeLimnoperna fortunei. This study represents the most comprehensive documentation of freshwater molluscs of the Tonle Sap basin, and voucher specimens deposited at the Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Cambodia, represent the first known reference collection of freshwater molluscs in the country. In order to combat the combined anthropogenic pressures, including invasive species, climate change and dams along the Mekong River, a multi-pronged approach is urgently required to study the biodiversity, ecology, ecosystem functioning of freshwater molluscs and other aquatic fauna in the Tonle Sap basin.
A road map to assess critical materials content in boron industrial wastes using sustainable micro-X-ray fluorescence and total reflection X-ray fluorescence instrumentation
Authors: KULA İbrahim , GUTSCHE Christian , ERDOĞAN Yunus , FITTSCHEN Andreas , FITTSCHEN Ursula Elisabeth Adriane
Published: August 2020

Turkey is the leading country in the world in terms of boron production and sale. Increasing boron production goes along with an increasing generation of boron wastes. The pollution of the soil and the air around the waste piles, as well as the occupation of several square kilometers of ground, are major environmental problems. It is, therefore, very important to make use of the wastes to both protect the environment and create revenue. This work presenteda road map for fast screening of boron waste for critical elements followed by determination of the elements using small footprint low power instrumentation. The sample preparation was kept to a minimum. A procedure that allowed an assessment of critical materials in industrial production waste with minimal consumption of hazardous acids, energy, and time was presented. The samples were first screened for valuable and hazardous elements by micro- X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Samples with considerable contents of Cs, Rb, and Aswere then prepared as slurries for the total reflection XRF (TXRF) measurement. To evaluate the TXRF procedure, a standard reference material was analyzed. As a result, Rb and Cs in concentrations up to 420 ± 70 and 1500 ± 200 mg/kg were detected in some of the waste forms. The time savings were in order of a factor of 3 when comparing the prescreening combined micro-XRF and TXRF approach to an all TXRFanalysis approach.
L’enseignement en milieu hospitalier : entre éducation et soins infirmiers
Authors: Garcia Alicia
Published: August 2020

Cet article a pour objectif de révéler le cadre éthique qui entoure l’élève hospitalisé, tout en montrant que, dans le contexte de la maladie, l’éthique traditionnelle ne fonctionne pas. D’un point de vue philosophique. Les publics visés sont des enseignants et bénévoles de l’hôpital. L’élaboration d’un cadre déontologie basé sur l’éthique du care (EoC) permettra aux enseignants de guider leur activité en milieu hospitalier, dès lors que le besoin d’un autre cadre éthique pour une pratique enseignante pleinement responsable et humaine s’exprimera. À partir d’un cadre éthique qui a pour centre l’enfant malade, des concepts tels que le «  care  » et le « bien-être » sont mobilisés dans le sens de leur interrelation avec le bien-être psychologique de l’élève hospitalisé. Selon notre proposition, une attitude pédagogique ancrée dans l’admiration, le respect et l’amour peut guider la pratique enseignante en milieu hospitalier et offrir une alternative aux limitations éthiques des codes déontologiques basés sur une conception universelle de la justice.
Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Véstias Mário Pereira
Published: August 2020

Machine learning is the study of algorithms and models for computing systems to do tasks based on pattern identification and inference. When it is difficult or infeasible to develop an algorithm to do a particular task, machine learning algorithms can provide an output based on previous training data. A well-known machine learning model is deep learning. The most recent deep learning models are based on artificial neural networks (ANN). There exist several types of artificial neural networks including the feedforward neural network, the Kohonen self-organizing neural network, the recurrent neural network, the convolutional neural network, the modular neural network, among others. This article focuses on convolutional neural networks with a description of the model, the training and inference processes and its applicability. It will also give an overview of the most used CNN models and what to expect from the next generation of CNN models.
Design of a Simple and Low-Cost Calculator in the Laboratory Using FPGA
Authors: Mukherjee Debapriya , Das Kaustav , Das Arpita
Published: August 2020

This chapter shows the design guideline of a simple calculator in the laboratory using FPGA board. Since FPGA prototyping is a promising and also challenging alternative for low cost hardware design, the authors have attempted to design some fundamental arithmetic and logical operations using FPGA. Hence, this is also the core of any multiprocessor design. Proposed architecture of the calculator is able to compute any of four basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and some logical operations as specified by the user and the output results are displayed dynamically on the LCD screen of the FPGA board. This architecture may be upgraded for more versatile use such as computation of scientific operations by adding few other sub-modules. Present design of calculator follows very simple algorithm and hardware resource requirement is also minimal. Hence, it can be successfully verified in any laboratory by using even low-level starter FPGA kit.
Use of Grey Numbers for Evaluating a System's Performance Under Fuzzy Conditions
Authors: Voskoglou Michael
Published: August 2020

In the present research, a method using Grey Numbers as tools is developed for assessing a system's mean performance, which is useful when utilizing qualitative grades and not numerical scores for this purpose. Although this new method is proved to be equivalent with an analogous method using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers as tools developed in an earlier work, it reduces the required computational burden, since it requires the calculation of two components only (instead of three in the case of the Triangular Fuzzy Numbers) for obtaining the mean value of the Grey Numbers involved. Examples are also presented on student and athlete assessment illustrating the new method and showing that the system's quality performance, calculated by the traditional GPA index, may lead to different assessment conclusions.
What Is Cyberbullying?
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: August 2020

Children and adolescents spend a great deal of time using and interacting through electronic technologies, including cell phones, gaming consoles, and the internet. Cyberbullying occurs through electronic technologies, including gaming consoles, email, instant messaging, chatrooms, social media, and text messages via mobile phones. The attention given to cyberbullying incidences are due to the nature of electronic communications. Through electronic technologies, children and adolescents can remain anonymous, allowing them to harm their victims without experiencing repercussions. Cyberbullying can also involve multiple bystanders who are also capable of resharing content. The literature in this chapter draws on research from various disciplines, including communication, computer science, education, media studies, psychology, social work, and sociology. Furthermore, the literature involves a variety of different research designs, including cross-sectional and longitudinal methodologies as well as qualitative and quantitative designs.
The Human Rights-Based Approach to Combat Cyberbullying Against Women and Girls
Authors: Luk Sabrina Ching Yuen
Published: August 2020

Cyberbullying against women and girls becomes more prevalent when the internet and mobile technologies become more widely available and accessible in terms of cost. It has led to multifaceted consequences that negatively affect victims' self-esteem, physical and mental health, behaviours, relationships with other people, and motivation to live, study, and work. This study argues that cyberbullying against women and girls is a major impediment to achieving gender equality and the full advancement of women. The adoption of a human rights-based approach to combat cyberbullying against women and girls is to encourage women to claim their rights to privacy and freedom of expression online and to be free from any physical, sexual, or psychological violence while recognizing the obligations of governments, employers, not-for-profit organizations, and social media site providers to respect, protect, and guarantee these rights.
Hexa-Dimension Metric, Ethical Matrix, and Cybersecurity
Authors: Lee Wanbil William
Published: August 2020

Exorbitant spending on cybersecurity continues; hacking proliferates and continues with the aftermath getting more and more damaging, yet data protection must helplessly continue. This is attributable to a vicious circle and culminates in something akin to a chronic disease, aptly called a “chronic problem of data protection.” The situation is complicated by a tripartite relationship, called the “Law-Security-Ethics Connection,” and exacerbated by a muddled view of the key concepts, notably ethics, privacy, and risk, which hinders a wholesome appreciation of the problem. Given the status quo, an ethics-based framework was perceived and developed aiming to lessen the incidence of hacking or make hacking exasperate to mitigate rather than eradicate because hacker-free cyberspace is unrealistic and impossible. This chapter aims to introduce a remedy successively through an exposition of the symptom and cause of the problem, clearing the muddle, and an illustration of the tools: Ethical Matrix and Hexa-Dimension Metric using the Octopus Saga.
An Introduction to Clustering Algorithms in Big Data
Authors: Nair Rajit , Bhagat Amit
Published: August 2020

In big data, clustering is the process through which analysis is performed. Since the data is big, it is very difficult to perform clustering approach. Big data is mainly termed as petabytes and zeta bytes of data and high computation cost is needed for the implementation of clusters. In this chapter, the authors show how clustering can be performed on big data and what are the different types of clustering approach. The challenge during clustering approach is to find observations within the time limit. The chapter also covers the possible future path for more advanced clustering algorithms. The chapter will cover single machine clustering and multiple machines clustering, which also includes parallel clustering.
Classification and Recommendation With Data Streams
Authors: Veloso Bruno , Gama João , Malheiro Benedita
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, with the exponential growth of data stream sources (e.g., Internet of Things [IoT], social networks, crowdsourcing platforms, and personal mobile devices), data stream processing has become indispensable for online classification, recommendation, and evaluation. Its main goal is to maintain dynamic models updated, holding the captured patterns, to make accurate predictions. The foundations of data streams algorithms are incremental processing, in order to reduce the computational resources required to process large quantities of data, and relevance model updating. This article addresses data stream knowledge processing, covering classification, recommendation, and evaluation; describing existing algorithms/techniques; and identifying open challenges.
Intelligent Constructing Exact Tolerance Limits for Prediction of Future Outcomes Under Parametric Uncertainty
Authors: Nechval Nicholas A.
Published: August 2020

The problem of constructing one-sided exact statistical tolerance limits on the kth order statistic in a future sample of m observations from a distribution of log-location-scale family on the basis of an observed sample from the same distribution is considered. The new technique proposed here emphasizes pivotal quantities relevant for obtaining tolerance factors and is applicable whenever the statistical problem is invariant under a group of transformations that acts transitively on the parameter space. The exact tolerance limits on order statistics associated with sampling from underlying distributions can be found easily and quickly making tables, simulation, Monte Carlo estimated percentiles, special computer programs, and approximation unnecessary. Finally, numerical examples are given, where the tolerance limits obtained by using the known methods are compared with the results obtained through the proposed novel technique, which is illustrated in terms of the extreme-value and two-parameter Weibull distributions.
The Structure of DNA Taking Into Account the Higher Dimension of Its Components
Authors: Zhizhin Gennadiy Vladimirovich
Published: August 2020

The process of formation of spirals (right and left) in the DNA molecule is described for the first time. Representations of the higher dimensionality of the constituent DNA molecules (D-ribose and phosphoric acid ion), developed in the previous works of the author, are used. Images of a DNA molecule with elements of higher dimension are presented. The higher dimensionality of the constituent DNA molecules, which allows to describe mathematically the structure of DNA, requires reconsidering the issues of tight packing of DNA molecules in cells, viruses and bacteria, provided that the DNA chains necessary for the preservation and transfer of genetic information are complementary.
Methods and Techniques of Data Mining
Authors: Funes Ana , Dasso Aristides
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, there is an increasing number of applications where artificial intelligence has fuelled the research and development of new methods, techniques, and tools related to knowledge acquisition and data mining. The development of data mining and other related disciplines has benefited from the existence of large volumes of data proceeding from the most diverse sources and domains. KDD process and methods of data mining allows for the discovery of knowledge in data that is hidden to humans, presenting this knowledge under different ways. In this chapter, the relation of data mining with other disciplines is analyzed, an overview of data mining tasks and methods is presented, and also a possible classification of them is given. Finally, a brief discussion on issues associated to the discipline and future research directions are also given.
Big Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: Govindarajan M.
Published: August 2020

Big data mining involves knowledge discovery from these large data sets. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an analysis of different machine learning algorithms available for performing big data analytics. The machine learning algorithms are categorized in three key categories, namely, supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised machine learning algorithm. The supervised learning algorithms are trained with a complete set of data, and thus, the supervised learning algorithms are used to predict/forecast. Example algorithms include logistic regression and the back propagation neural network. The unsupervised learning algorithms starts learning from scratch, and therefore, the unsupervised learning algorithms are used for clustering. Example algorithms include: the Apriori algorithm and K-Means. The semi-supervised learning combines both supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms. The semi-supervised algorithms are trained, and the algorithms also include non-trained learning.
New Trends in Databases to NonSQL Databases
Authors: Sarasa-Cabezuelo Antonio
Published: August 2020

The appearance of the “big data” phenomenon has meant a change in the storage and information processing needs. This new context is characterized by 1) enormous amounts of information are available in heterogeneous formats and types, 2) information must be processed almost in real time, and 3) data models evolve periodically. Relational databases have limitations to respond to these needs in an optimal way. For these reasons, some companies such as Google or Amazon decided to create new database models (different from the relational model) that solve the needs raised in the context of big data without the limitations of relational databases. These new models are the origin of the so-called NonSQL databases. Currently, NonSQL databases have been constituted as an alternative mechanism to the relational model and its use is widely extended. The main objective of this chapter is to introduce the NonSQL databases.
N-Clustering of Text Documents Using Graph Mining Techniques
Authors: Rao Bapuji
Published: August 2020

The chapter is about the clustering of text documents based on the input of the n-number of words on the m-number of text documents using graph mining techniques. The author has proposed an algorithm for clustering of text documents by inputting n-number of words on m-number of text documents. First of all the proposed algorithm starts the selection of documents with extension name “.txt” from m-numbers of documents having various types of extension names. The n-number of words are input on the selected “.txt” documents, the algorithm starts n-clustering of text documents based on an n-input word. This is possible by way of creation of a document-word frequency matrix in the memory. Then the frequency-word table is converted into the un-oriented document-word incidence matrix by replacing all non-zeros with 1s. Using the un-oriented document-word incidence matrix, the algorithm starts the creation of n-number of clusters of text documents having the presence of words ranging from 1 to n respectively. Finally, these n-clusters based on word-wise as well as 1 to n word-wise.
Migrating Software Towards Mobile Technologies
Authors: Favre Liliana Maria
Published: August 2020

New paradigms such as pervasive computing, cloud computing, and the internet of things (IoT) are impacting the business world. Smartphones are at the core of these paradigms by allowing us interaction with the world around us. In light of this, it is imperative to migrate a lot of existing non-mobile software to adapt it to the new technological reality. The main challenge to achieve this goal is the proliferation of mobile platforms. An integration of ADM (Architecture Driven Modernization), cross-platform development and formal metamodeling to face this kind of migration is described. The proposal was validated with the migration of object-oriented software to different mobile platforms through the multiplatform language Haxe. A comparison of the approach with traditional migration processes and the description of existing challenges in real projects of the scientific and industrial field are included.
Interaction Speed as Nonverbal Cues in Text Messaging via Smartphone
Authors: Usuki Kiminori , Kato Shogo , Kato Yuuki
Published: August 2020

In text messaging with mobile phones and smartphones, many users face pressure to rapidly reply. Despite the increasing importance of mobile text-messaging, few studies have examined reply speed. This article focused on the speed of interaction in text messaging via smart phone applications (especially those with read receipt functions). It was suggested that the speed of exchange and read receipt status can serve as operable nonverbal cues to the sender of the message. Toward the aim of effective communication via text messaging using smartphones, we propose future directions in examining the strategic use of speed of interaction and read receipts.