bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREdiction and Diagnosis using Imaging and Clinical biomarkers Trial in Traumatic Brain Injury (PREDICT-TBI) study protocol: an observational, prospective, multicentre cohort study for the prediction of outcome in moderate-to-severe TBI
Authors: Nasrallah Fatima , Bellapart Judith , Walsham James , Jacobson Esther , To Xuan Vinh , Manzanero Silvia , Brown Nathan , Meyer Jason , Stuart Janine , Evans Tracey , Chandra Shekhar S , Ross Jason , Campbell Lewis , Senthuran Siva , Newcombe Virginia , McCullough James , Fleming Jennifer , Pollard Clifford , Reade Michael
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous condition with a broad spectrum of injury severity, pathophysiological processes and variable outcomes. For moderate-to-severe TBI survivors, recovery is often protracted and outcomes can range from total dependence to full recovery. Despite advances in medical treatment options, prognosis remains largely unchanged. The objective of this study is to develop a machine learning predictive model for neurological outcomes at 6 months in patients with a moderate-to-severe TBI, incorporating longitudinal clinical, multimodal neuroimaging and blood biomarker predictor variables.

Methods and analysis

A prospective, observational, cohort study will enrol 300 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI from seven Australian hospitals over 3 years. Candidate predictors including demographic and general health variables, and longitudinal clinical, neuroimaging (CT and MRI), blood biomarker and patient-reported outcome measures will be collected at multiple time points within the acute phase of injury. The predictor variables will populate novel machine learning models to predict the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended 6 months after injury. The study will also expand on current prognostic models by including novel blood biomarkers (circulating cell-free DNA), and the results of quantitative neuroimaging such as Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI as predictor variables.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained by the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, Queensland. Participants or their substitute decision-maker/s will receive oral and written information about the study before providing written informed consent. Study findings will be disseminated by peer-review publications and presented at national and international conferences and clinical networks.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12620001360909.
Clinicians’ perspectives on planned interventions tested in the Otago MASTER feasibility trial: an implementation-based process evaluation study
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel C , Wilkinson Amanda , Voney Melanie , Sole Gisela , Lamb Sarah E , Abbott J Haxby
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study reports a process evaluation of the Otago MASTER (MAnagement of Subacromial disorders of The shouldER) feasibility trial. This mixed-methods, process evaluation study was conducted parallel to the Otago MASTER feasibility trial. Our aims were to investigate: (1) supervised treatment fidelity of the interventions and (2) clinicians’ perceptions of the trial interventions through a focus group.

Design

Nested process evaluation study using a mixed-methods approach.

Setting

Outpatient clinic.

Participants

Five clinicians (two men, three women) aged 47–67 years, with clinical experience of 18–43 years and a minimum of postgraduate certificate training, were involved with the delivery of interventions within the feasibility trial. We assessed treatment fidelity for supervised exercises through audit of clinicians’ records and compared those with the planned protocol. Clinicians took part in a focus group that lasted for approximately 1 hour. The focus group was transcribed verbatim and focus group discussion was analysed thematically using an iterative approach.

Results

The fidelity score for the tailored exercise and manual therapy intervention was 80.3% (SD: 7.7%) and for the standardised exercise intervention, 82.9% (SD: 5.9%). Clinicians’ perspectives about the trial and planned intervention were summarised by one main theme ‘conflict experienced between individual clinical practice and the intervention protocol’, which was supported by three subthemes: (1) programme strengths and weaknesses; (2) design-related and administrative barriers; and (3) training-related barriers.

Conclusion

This mixed-methods study assessed supervised treatment fidelity of interventions and clinicians’ perceptions on planned interventions tested in the Otago MASTER feasibility trial. Overall, treatment fidelity was acceptable for both intervention arms; however, we observed low fidelity for certain domains within the tailored exercise and manual therapy intervention. Our focus group identified several barriers clinicians faced while delivering the planned interventions. Those findings are of relevance for planning the definite trial and for researchers conducting feasibility trials.

Trial registration number

ANZCTR: 12617001405303.
Does doctors’ personality differ from those of patients, the highly educated and other caring professions? An observational study using two nationally representative Australian surveys
Authors: Ammi Mehdi , Fooken Jonas , Klein Jill , Scott Anthony
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Personality differences between doctors and patients can affect treatment outcomes. We examine these trait disparities, as well as differences across medical specialities.

Design

Retrospective, observational statistical analysis of secondary data.

Setting

Data from two data sets that are nationally representative of doctors and the general population in Australia.

Participants

We include 23 358 individuals from a representative survey of the general Australian population (with subgroups of 18 705 patients, 1261 highly educated individuals and 5814 working in caring professions) as well as 19 351 doctors from a representative survey of doctors in Australia (with subgroups of 5844 general practitioners, 1776 person-oriented specialists and 3245 technique-oriented specialists).

Main outcome measures

Big Five personality traits and locus of control. Measures are standardised by gender, age and being born overseas and weighted to be representative of their population.

Results

Doctors are significantly more agreeable (a: standardised score −0.12, 95% CIs −0.18 to −0.06), conscientious (c: −0.27 to –0.33 to −0.20), extroverted (e: 0.11, 0.04 to 0.17) and neurotic (n: 0.14, CI 0.08 to 0.20) than the general population (a: −0.38 to –0.42 to −0.34, c: −0.96 to –1.00 to −0.91, e: −0.22 to –0.26 to −0.19, n: −1.01 to –1.03 to −0.98) or patients (a: −0.77 to –0.85 to −0.69, c: −1.27 to –1.36 to −1.19, e: −0.24 to –0.31 to −0.18, n: −0.71 to –0.76 to −0.66). Patients (−0.03 to –0.10 to 0.05) are more open than doctors (−0.30 to –0.36 to −0.23). Doctors have a significantly more external locus of control (0.06, 0.00 to 0.13) than the general population (−0.10 to –0.13 to −0.06) but do not differ from patients (−0.04 to –0.11 to 0.03). There are minor differences in personality traits among doctors with different specialities.

Conclusions

Several personality traits differ between doctors, the population and patients. Awareness about differences can improve doctor–patient communication and allow patients to understand and comply with treatment recommendations.
Population-based assessment of cardiovascular complications of rheumatic heart disease in Fiji: a record-linkage analysis
Authors: Parks Tom , Narube Litia , Perman Mai Ling , Sakumeni Kelera , Fong James J , Engelman Daniel , Colquhoun Samantha M , Steer Andrew C , Kado Joseph
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine population-based rates of non-fatal complications of rheumatic heart disease (RHD).

Design

Retrospective cohort study based on multiple sources of routine clinical and administrative data amalgamated by probabilistic record-linkage.

Setting

Fiji, an upper-middle-income country, where most of the population has access to government-funded healthcare services.

Participants

National cohort of 2116 patients with clinically apparent RHD aged 5–69 years during 2008 and 2012.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was hospitalisation for any of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke and infective endocarditis. Secondary outcomes were first hospitalisation for each of the complications individually in the national cohort as well as in hospital (n=1300) and maternity (n=210) subsets. Information on outcomes was obtained from discharge diagnoses coded in the hospital patient information system. Population-based rates were obtained using relative survival methods with census data as the denominator.

Results

Among 2116 patients in the national cohort (median age, 23.3 years; 57.7% women), 546 (25.8%) were hospitalised for an RHD complication, a substantial proportion of all cardiovascular admissions in the country during this period in those aged 0–40 years (heart failure, 210/454, 46.3%; ischaemic stroke 31/134, 23.1%). Absolute numbers of RHD complications peaked during the third decade of life with higher population-based rates in women compared with men (incidence rate ratio 1.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.6, p<0.001). Hospitalisation for any RHD complication was associated with substantially increased risk of death (HR 5.4, 95% CI 3.4 to 8.8, p<0.001), especially after the onset of heart failure (HR 6.6, 95% CI 4.8 to 9.1, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Our study defines the burden of RHD-attributable morbidity in the general population of Fiji, potentially reflecting the situation in low-income and middle-income countries worldwide. Hospitalisation for an RHD complication is associated with markedly increased risk of death, re-emphasising the importance of effective early prevention.
Effects of manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise versus routine physical therapy on brain biomarkers in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain in Thailand: a study protocol for a single-blinded randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chaikla Rungtawan , Sremakaew Munlika , Kothan Suchart , Saekho Suwit , Wantanajittikul Kittichai , Uthaikhup S
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Structural brain alterations in pain-related areas have been demonstrated in patients with non-specific neck pain. While manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise is an effective management for neck pain, its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The primary objective of this trial is to investigate the effects of manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise on grey matter volume and thickness in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. The secondary objectives are to assess changes in white matter integrity, neurochemical biomarkers, clinical features of neck pain, cervical range of motion and cervical muscle strength.

Methods and analysis

This study is a single-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Fifty-two participants with chronic non-specific neck pain will be recruited into the study. Participants will be randomly allocated to either an intervention or control group (1:1 ratio). Participants in the intervention group will receive manual therapy combined with therapeutic exercise for 10 weeks (two visits per week). The control group will receive routine physical therapy. Primary outcomes are whole-brain and regional grey matter volume and thickness. Secondary outcomes are white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), neurochemical biomarkers (N-acetylaspartate, creatine, glutamate/glutamine, myoinositol and choline), clinical features (neck pain intensity, duration, neck disability and psychological symptoms), cervical range of motion and cervical muscle strength. All outcome measures will be taken at baseline and postintervention.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval of this study has been granted by Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Chiang Mai University. The results of this trial will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication.

Trial registration number

NCT05568394.
Transcription factor Fli-1 impacts the expression of CXCL13 and regulates immune cell infiltration into the kidney in MRL/lpr mouse
Authors: Sato Shuzo , Zhang Xian K , Matsuoka Naoki , Sumichika Yuya , Saito Kenji , Yoshida Shuhei , Matsumoto Haruki , Temmoku Jumpei , Fujita Yuya , Asano Tomoyuki , Migita Kiyoshi
Published: April 2023

Objective

Friend leukaemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1) regulates chemokine/cytokine expression and thus plays an important role in the development of lupus nephritis. Chemokine CXC ligand 13 (CXCL13) is a chemokine that promotes the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures and has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. The relationship between Fli-1 and CXCL13 is unknown. This study aims to elucidate whether Fli-1 impacts CXCL13 expression and contributes to the progression of lupus-like nephritis in adult MRL/lpr mouse.

Methods

Serum CXCL13 levels were measured in adult wild-type (WT) MRL/lpr mice and Fli-1 heterozygote knockout (Fli-1+/−) MRL/lpr mice (4 months old or older) using ELISA. Renal mRNA expression (CXCL13 and related molecules) was measured using real-time PCR method. Kidneys were removed, stained and evaluated using a pathology scoring system. The grade of CXCL13 or CXC-chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5)-positive immune cell infiltration into the kidney was evaluated using immunostaining with anti-CXCL13 or anti-CXCR5 antibodies. We also used immunofluorescence staining with CXCL13- and CD11b-specific antibodies to detect the infiltration of CXCL13/CD11b double-positive immune cells.

Results

Serum CXCL13 levels in Fli-1+/−MRL/lpr mice were significantly lower than that in WT MRL/lpr mice (545.5 and 960.5 pg/mL, p=0.02). Renal expression of CXCL13 mRNA and SRY-related HMG box4 (Sox4) (an important factor for B-cell development) levels were significantly lower in Fli-1+/−MRL/lpr mice. Renal histology scores in WT MRL/lpr mice revealed significantly increased glomerular inflammation. Despite similar interstitial immune cell infiltration into the kidney, the number of CXCL13- and CXCR5-positive cells was significantly lower in Fli-1+/−MRL/lpr mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining revealed that Fli-1+/-MRL/lpr mice had significantly fewer CXCL13/CD11b double-positive immune cells.

Conclusion

Fli-1 regulates renal Sox4 mRNA expression and infiltration of CXCR5-positive cells as well as CXCL13/CD11b double-positive immune cells into the kidney, which affects CXCL13 expression and lupus-like nephritis.
Performance of the 2022 ACR/EULAR giant cell arteritis classification criteria for diagnosis in patients with suspected giant cell arteritis in routine clinical care
Authors: Molina-Collada Juan , Castrejón Isabel , Monjo Irene , Fernández-Fernández Elisa , Torres Ortiz Gabriela , Álvaro-Gracia Jose María , de Miguel Eugenio
Published: April 2023

Objective

To examine the performance of the new 2022 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/EULAR giant cell arteritis (GCA) classification criteria for diagnosis in routine clinical care.

Methods

Multicentric retrospective observational study of patients referred to two ultrasound (US) fast track clinics. Patients with GCA were compared with unselected controls with suspected GCA. The gold standard for GCA diagnosis has been clinical confirmation after 6 months of follow-up. All patients underwent an US exam of temporal and extracranial arteries (carotid, subclavian and axillary) at baseline. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT was performed according to standard clinician criteria. The performance of the new 2022 ACR/EULAR GCA classification criteria was evaluated in all patients with GCA across different subsets of the disease.

Results

A total of 319 patients (188 cases, 131 controls) were included for analysis (mean age 76 years, 58.9% females). Overall, the 2022 EULAR/ACR GCA classification criteria had a sensitivity of 92.6% and a specificity of 71.8%, using GCA clinical diagnosis as external criterion and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.928 (95% CI 0.899 to 0.957). Isolated large vessel-GCA showed a sensitivity of 62.2% and a specificity of 71.8% (AUC 0.691 (0.592 to 0.790)), while biopsy‐proven GCA showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 71.8% (AUC 0.989 (0.976 to 1)). Overall sensitivity and specificity of the 1990 ACR criteria was 53.2% and 80.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

The new 2022 ACR/EULAR GCA classification criteria showed adequate diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected GCA under routine care, and an improvement on the sensitivity and specificity of the 1990 ACR classification criteria in all patient subsets.
Subcutaneous tranexamic acid for bleeding associated with a mycotic aortic aneurysm
Authors: Kilpatrick Mhairi , Bateman Susan , Baggott Amy , Sutherland Anna
Published: April 2023

We describe the case of a 64-year-old woman with haemoptysis due to a mycotic thoracic aneurysm, with probable fistulation into the lung and oesophagus. Continuous subcutaneous tranexamic acid was used at the end of life to minimise bleeding associated with this, once the oral route was lost. A 1.5 g of tranexamic acid was administered, diluted with 23 mL water for injection in a 30 mL syringe, as a continuous subcutaneous infusion over 24 hours. Bleeding ceased rapidly following administration. There was no further bleeding in the last days before death and no site reaction noted. This case report adds to the growing evidence base for the use of subcutaneous tranexamic acid in a palliative care setting. However, further research is needed to support this practice both in terms of efficacy and safety, but also terms of compatibility and stability when administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion.
Beyond Gradients: Exploiting Adversarial Priors in Model Inversion Attacks
Authors: Usynin Dmitrii , Rueckert Daniel , Kaissis Georgios
Published: April 2023

Collaborative machine learning settings such as federated learning can be susceptible to adversarial interference and attacks. One class of such attacks is termed
model inversion attacks
, characterised by the adversary reverse-engineering the model into disclosing the training data. Previous implementations of this attack typically
only
rely on the shared data representations, ignoring the adversarial priors, or require that specific layers are present in the target model, reducing the potential attack surface. In this work, we propose a novel context-agnostic model inversion framework that builds on the foundations of gradient-based inversion attacks, but additionally exploits the features and the style of the data controlled by an in-the-network adversary. Our technique outperforms existing gradient-based approaches both qualitatively and quantitatively across all training settings, showing particular effectiveness against the collaborative medical imaging tasks. Finally, we demonstrate that our method achieves significant success on two downstream tasks: sensitive feature inference and facial recognition spoofing.
Faster Supervised Average Consensus in Adversarial and Stochastic Anonymous Dynamic Networks
Authors: Kamenev Aleksandar , Kowalski Dariusz R. , Mosteiro Miguel A.
Published: April 2023

How do we reach consensus on an average value in a dynamic crowd without revealing identity? In this work, we study the problem of average network consensus in Anonymous Dynamic Networks (ADN). Network dynamicity is specified by the sequence of topology-graph isoperimetric numbers occurring over time, which we call the isoperimetric dynamicity of the network. The consensus variable is the average of values initially held by nodes, which is customary in the network-consensus literature. Given that having an algorithm to compute the average one can compute the network size (i.e., the counting problem) and vice versa, we focus on the latter.

We present a deterministic distributed average network consensus algorithm for ADNs that we call isoperimetric Scalable Coordinated Anonymous Local Aggregation, and we analyze its performance for different scenarios, including worst-case (adversarial) and stochastic dynamic topologies. Our solution utilizes supervisor nodes, which have been shown to be necessary for computations in ADNs. The algorithm uses the isoperimetric dynamicity of the network as an input, meaning that only the isoperimetric number parameters (or their lower bound) must be given, but topologies may occur arbitrarily or stochastically as long as they comply with those parameters.

Previous work for adversarial ADNs overestimates the running time to deal with worst-case scenarios. For ADNs with given isoperimetric dynamicity, our analysis shows improved performance for some practical dynamic topologies, with cubic time or better for stochastic ADNs, and our experimental evaluation indicates that our theoretical bounds could not be substantially improved for some models of dynamic networks.
Sequence Generation Model Integrating Domain Ontology for Mathematical question tagging
Authors: Huang Tao , Hu Shengze , Lin Keke , Yang Huali , Zhang Hao , Song Houbing , Lv Zhihan
Published: April 2023

In online learning systems, tagging knowledge points for questions is a fundamental task. Automatic tagging technology uses intelligent algorithms to automatically tag knowledge points for questions to reduce manpower and time costs. However, the current knowledge point tagging technology cannot satisfy the situation that mathematics questions often involve a variable number of knowledge points, lacks the consideration of the characteristics of the mathematics field, and ignores the internal connection between knowledge points. To address the above issues, we propose a Sequence Generation Model Integrating Domain Ontology for Mathematical question tagging (SOMPT). SOMPT performs data augmentation for text and then obtains intermediate text based on domain ontology replacement to facilitate deep learning model to understand mathematical question text. SOMPT is able to obtain dynamic word vector embedding to optimize the textual representation for math questions. What’s more, our model can capture the relationship between tags to generate knowledge points more accurately in the way of sequence generation. The comparative experimental results show that our proposed model has an excellent tagging ability for mathematical questions. Moreover, the sequence generation module in SOMPT can be applied on other multi-label classification tasks and be on par with the state-of-the-art performance models.
Many-Body Effects in Aqueous Systems: Synergies Between Interaction Analysis Techniques and Force Field Development
Authors: Heindel Joseph P. , Herman Kristina M. , Xantheas Sotiris S.
Published: April 2023

Interaction analysis techniques, including the many-body expansion (MBE), symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, and energy decomposition analysis, allow for an intuitive understanding of complex molecular interactions. We review these methods by first providing a historical context for the study of many-body interactions and discussing how nonadditivities emerge from Hamiltonians containing strictly pairwise-additive interactions. We then elaborate on the synergy between these interaction analysis techniques and the development of advanced force fields aimed at accurately reproducing the Born–Oppenheimer potential energy surface. In particular, we focus on ab initio–based force fields that aim to explicitly reproduce many-body terms and are fitted to high-level electronic structure results. These force fields generally incorporate many-body effects through ( a) parameterization of distributed multipoles, ( b) explicit fitting of the MBE, ( c) inclusion of many-atom features in a neural network, and ( d) coarse-graining of many-body terms into an effective two-body term. We also discuss the emerging use of the MBE to improve the accuracy and speed of ab initio molecular dynamics.
Investigating the Clinical Characteristics and PITX3Mutations of a Large Chinese Family with Anterior Segment Mesenchymal Dysgenesis and Congenital Posterior Polar Cataract
Authors: Dang Hui , Peng Min , Gu Weiyue , Ding Gang , Sun Yuqin , Hao Zhongkai , Wei Ning , Wang Xu , Zhang Chenming , Deng Aijun
Published: April 2023

Objective. To investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogenic genetic mutations of a Chinese family with anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis and congenital posterior polar cataract. Methods. Through family investigation, the family members were examined via slit lamp anterior segment imaging and screened for eye and other diseases by eye B‐ultrasound. Genetic test was performed on the blood samples of the fourth family generation (23 people) via whole exome sequencing (trio‐WES) and Sanger sequencing. Results. Among the 36 members in four family generations, there were 11 living cases with different degrees of ocular abnormalities, such as cataracts, leukoplakia, and small cornea. All patients who received the genetic test had the heterozygous frameshift mutation c.640_656dup (p.G220Pfs∗95) on exon 4 of the PITX3 gene. This mutation was cosegregated with the clinical phenotypes in the family and thus might be one of the genetic factors that cause the corresponding ocular abnormalities in this family. Conclusion. The congenital posterior polar cataract with or without anterior interstitial dysplasia (ASMD) of this family was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and the frameshift mutation (c.640_656dup) in the PITX3 gene was the cause of ocular abnormalities observed in this family. This study is of great significance for guiding prenatal diagnosis and disease treatment.
Analysis of Turberculosis‐COVID‐19 Coinfection Using Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Okyere Samuel , Ackora-Prah Joseph , Abdullah Saleem , Adarkwa Samuel Akwasi , Owusu Frank Kofi , Bonsu Kwame , Fokuo Mary Osei , Yeboah Mary Ann
Published: April 2023

Fractional‐order derivative modeling continues to receive great interest among researchers across the globe. In this study, Tuberculosis‐COVID‐19 coinfection is studied using Atangana–Baleanu fractional‐order derivatives defined in Caputo sense. We confirmed the existence and singularity of the solution and investigated the model’s equilibrium points. Additionally, we examined the model’s stability in terms of the Ulam–Hyers and generalized Ulam–Hyers stability criteria. The basic reproduction number R0 was calculated using the next‐generation matrix approach. We also looked into the model’s disease‐free equilibrium point’s regional stability. Numerical scheme for simulating the fractional‐order system with Mittag–Leffler Kernels are presented. Numerical simulations are given to validate the model. Results of the simulation showed a decline in the number of COVID‐19 infections within the population when the fractional operator was reduced.
Hotspot Spatial Patterns Using SNNP-VIIRS for Fire Potential Monitoring
Authors: Kumalawati Rosalina , Yuliarti Astinana , Ali Syamani D. , Murliawan Karnanto Hendra , Rijanta Rijanta , Susanti Ari , Saputra Erlis
Published: April 2023

The province of East Kalimantan is officially designated as the State Capital because the area has the least risk of disaster, even though it cannot be separated from disasters such as forest and land fires. This study aims to determine the spatial pattern of hotspots using SNPP-VIIRS for monitoring potential fires. The research used the descriptive-analytic method to identify the research area and collect secondary data. Secondary data is spatial and nonspatial data consisting of hotspot data from the recording of the SNPP -VIIRS image, including frequency and distribution of hotspots. The data usage from 2012–2021 using SNPP-VIIRS morning and evening recordings. The study results show that the spatial pattern of potential hotspots in the capital city of a new country is quite varied. The spatial pattern of hotspots shows that Kutai Kartanegara Regency as one of the locations for the new State Capital, has the highest number of hotspots, namely 38,970 with the highest accuracy in East Kalimantan Province, namely, 1,616 (low), 36,253 (nominal), and 1,101 (high). The potential for fire disasters in Kutai Kartanegara Regency as an IKN location is high, so planning is urgently needed for future fire prevention, mitigation, and prevention strategies. The spatial pattern of hotspots is known, so it can be used to monitor potential fires and minimize fire occurrences.
Assessment of Silicone Oil Emulsification: A Comparison of Currently Applied Methods
Authors: Zhao Hongmei , Chen Qian , Yu Jian , Wu Kaicheng , Zong Yuan , Jiang Chunhui , Zhu Haohao , Xu Gezhi
Published: April 2023

Purpose. To compare ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), Coulter counter, and B‐scan ultrasonography in the evaluation of silicone oil (SO) emulsification. Methods. Patients who underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy with SO tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and SO removal were included. UBM images were acquired before the SO removal, and B‐scan images were taken after removal. The number of droplets in the first and last 2 mL of washout fluid was analyzed using a Coulter counter. The correlations between these measurements were analyzed. Results. Thirty‐four eyes received both UBM and Coulter counter analysis for the first 2 mL of washout fluid, and 34 underwent B‐scan and Coulter counter analysis of the last 2 mL washout fluid. The mean UBM grading was 26.41 ± 9.71 (range: 1–36); the mean SO index obtained with B‐scan was 5.25 ± 5.00% (range: 0.10–16.49%), and the mean number of SO droplets was 1.26 ± 2.45 × 107/mL and 3.34 ± 4.22 × 106/mL in the first and last 2 mL of washout fluid, respectively. There were significant correlations between UBM grading and SO droplets in the first 2 mL and between B‐scan grading and SO droplets in the last 2 mL (all P < 0.05). Conclusions. UBM, Coulter counter, and B‐scan ultrasonography could all be used in the evaluation of SO emulsification, and their findings were comparable.
Mitophagy Promotes Resistance to BH3 Mimetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Glytsou Christina , Chen Xufeng , Zacharioudakis Emmanouil , Al-Santli Wafa , Zhou Hua , Nadorp Bettina , Lee Soobeom , Lasry Audrey , Sun Zhengxi , Papaioannou Dimitrios , Cammer Michael , Wang Kun , Zal Tomasz , Zal Malgorzata Anna , Carter Bing Z. , Ishizawa Jo , Tibes Raoul , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Andreeff Michael , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Aifantis Iannis
Published: April 2023

BH3 mimetics are used as an efficient strategy to induce cell death in several blood malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Venetoclax, a potent BCL-2 antagonist, is used clinically in combination with hypomethylating agents for the treatment of AML. Moreover, MCL1 or dual BCL-2/BCL-xL antagonists are under investigation. Yet, resistance to single or combinatorial BH3-mimetic therapies eventually ensues. Integration of multiple genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens revealed that loss of mitophagy modulators sensitizes AML cells to various BH3 mimetics targeting different BCL-2 family members. One such regulator is MFN2, whose protein levels positively correlate with drug resistance in patients with AML. MFN2 overexpression is sufficient to drive resistance to BH3 mimetics in AML. Insensitivity to BH3 mimetics is accompanied by enhanced mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum interactions and augmented mitophagy flux, which acts as a prosurvival mechanism to eliminate mitochondrial damage. Genetic or pharmacologic MFN2 targeting synergizes with BH3 mimetics by impairing mitochondrial clearance and enhancing apoptosis in AML.

Significance:

AML remains one of the most difficult-to-treat blood cancers. BH3 mimetics represent a promising therapeutic approach to eliminate AML blasts by activating the apoptotic pathway. Enhanced mitochondrial clearance drives resistance to BH3 mimetics and predicts poor prognosis. Reverting excessive mitophagy can halt BH3-mimetic resistance in AML.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501
Data from Whole-genome and Epigenomic Landscapes of Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Harboring KIT Exon 11 557–558 Deletion Mutations
Authors: Ohshima Keiichi , Nagashima Takeshi , Fujiya Keiichi , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Watanabe Yuko , Morimoto Kimiko , Kamada Fukumi , Shimoda Yuji , Ohnami Sumiko , Naruoka Akane , Serizawa Masakuni , Ohnami Shumpei , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Shiomi Akio , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Bando Etsuro , Sugiura Teiichi , Sugino Takashi , Terashima Masanori , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Urakami Kenichi , Akiyama Yasuto , Yamaguchi Ken
Published: April 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) with KIT exon 11 deletions involving in codons 557–558 (KIT Δ557–558) exhibit higher proliferation rates and shorter disease-free survival times compared with GISTs with other KIT exon 11 mutations. We analyzed 30 GIST cases and observed genomic instability and global DNA hypomethylation only in high-risk malignant GISTs with KIT Δ557–558. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the high-risk malignant GISTs with KIT Δ557–558 (12 cases) had more structural variations (SV), single-nucleotide variants, and insertions and deletions compared with the low-risk, less malignant GISTs with KIT Δ557–558 (six cases) and the high-risk (six cases) or low-risk (6 cases) GISTs with other KIT exon 11 mutations. The malignant GISTs with KIT Δ557–558 showed higher frequency and significance in copy number (CN) reduction on chromosome arms 9p and 22q, and 50% of them had LOH or CN-dependent expression reduction in CDKN2A. In addition, SVs with driver potential were detected in 75% of them, in which AKT3 and MGMT were recurrently identified. Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression analyses showed global intergenic DNA hypomethylation, SNAI2 upregulation, and higher expression signatures, including p53 inactivation and chromosomal instability, as characteristics of malignant GISTs with KIT Δ557–558 that distinguished them from other GISTs. These genomic and epigenomic profiling results revealed that KIT Δ557–558 mutations are associated with increased genomic instability in malignant GISTs.
Significance:
We present genomic and epigenomic insights into the malignant progression of GISTs with KIT exon 11 deletions involving in 557–558, demonstrating their unique chromosomal instability and global intergenic DNA hypomethylation.
Freud sobre a enunciação
Authors: Todorov Tzvetan , Souza Pedro Fernandez de
Published: April 2023

Eu me proponho resumir aqui, para o uso daqueles que estudam a linguagem, algumas observações de Freud, dispersas em diversos escritos, e consagradas aos problemas da enunciação (termo do qual Freud não se serve).
Filosofia, humanidades clássicas e ciências humanas e sociais: atualidade de uma agenda no Brasil de hoje
Authors: Domingues Ivan
Published: April 2023

O artigo trata da relação entre Humanidades, Ciências Humanas e Sociais e Filosofia, considerada à luz dos projetos pedagógico e epistêmico das humanidades clássicas, tendo por fio condutor a Renascença italiana e os Studia Humanitatis, com a Filosofia como disciplina-piloto.  Ao fazer o trânsito para a modernidade, com o surgimento das ciências humanas e sociais e o descentramento da filosofia, haverá o colapso dos projetos pedagógico e epistêmico dos Studia dos renascentistas, num ambiente de pesada cultura disciplinar, tendo por resultado a ultrafragmentação do conhecimento, levada a cabo sem qualquer perspectiva de unificação. O resultado é o mal-estar epistemológico, que vai junto com a ideia de perda de relevância da filosofia, ao se ver afastada dos processos pedagógico e epistêmico das ciências, e, paralelamente, das próprias disciplinas científicas, impedidas, em razão da ultrafragmentação, de nos dar uma visão unificada da humanidade e da realidade humana circundante. Tal situação levará ao questionamento acerca da oportunidade de relançamento do projeto pedagógico-epistêmico das Humanidades Clássicas, visando vencer o mal-estar epistemológico e a síndrome da irrelevância da filosofia e das ciências empíricas do homem. Contudo, como mostraremos, tal relançamento não poderá consistir numa volta aos Studia ou em sua retomada pura e simples, mas deverá dar-se em novas bases científicas e filosóficas, levado a cabo em bases interdisciplinares, e não mais holísticas, com a filosofia como disciplina-piloto, como na Renascença. Neste cenário, o Brasil será considerado e uma proposta condizente com o nosso contexto acadêmico e a realidade nacional nos dias de hoje será feita.
Filosofia e humanidades, normatividade crítica e virada linguística, de um ponto de vista materialista prático-poético
Authors: Souza José Crisóstomo de
Published: April 2023

O texto trata de filosofia e humanidades críticas pelo lado de sua virada linguística das últimas décadas, em especial do seu encontro no terreno das ‘teorias críticas’ em sentido bem amplo. A propósito da normatividade com que elas se têm envolvido, discute-as em sua relação com Marx e com o pragmatismo, que são hoje, possivelmente, junto com a virada linguística, suas influências mais determinantes. E discute-as ainda em relação ao próprio ponto de vista prático-material, não-linguocêntrico, do autor, incluindo aí acenos a seus antecedentes brasileiros de pensamento. Tudo isso tendo em consideração as consequências de alcance prático-político, quiçá problemáticas, daquele desenvolvimento ‘linguistificante’, que hoje se estende mundo afora para muito além da academia. Por fim, tem também em vista um empenho de descolonização e uma disposição fazedora para a filosofia e as humanidades no Brasil.
O cinema do terceiro mundo e a hegemonia política: o papel social do cinema
Authors: Marques Nelson
Published: April 2023

O cinema é mais um dos variados modos de expressão cultural da sociedade industrial e tecnológica contemporânea. Desde os seus primórdios, produtores e diretores de cinema o consideravam como uma poderosa ferramenta para instrução, educação e reflexão humanas. O empenho em impressionar a plateia pode ser entendido inclusive como uma operação de caráter ideológico. Destacamos no comentário quanto o cinema pode ser e é político, através da análise de três momentos na produção cinematográfica: a propaganda ideológica feita pela mídia tendo orientação ideológica, tanto nazista, do Partido Nazista de 1934, em Nuremberg, quanto socialista russa de 1929; os filmes produzidos de forma maciça por Hollywood; o embate de dois institutos de pesquisa brasileiros, o CPC e o IPES, às vésperas do golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil.
Memes e a banalização da violência: reflexões sob a luz da Teoria Crítica Frankfurtiana
Authors: Ferri Gregory Alves , Morais Kesi Line de , Souza Luís César de
Published: April 2023

O estudo teve como objetivo compreender a forma de produção e reprodução da violência explícita e implícita na linguagem memética e refletir sobre os motivos que levam os indivíduos a receberem e replicarem os memes que apresentam conteúdo violento. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico e as buscas ocorreram nas plataformas do Google acadêmico, Scielo e BDTD. As análises foram realizadas a partir dos pressupostos da teoria crítica frankfurtiana e pôde-se averiguar que os memes são produtos da indústria cultural que, utilizando as mídias como veículos, se propagam a partir da repetição e da padronização. Notou-se também que eles se apresentam por meio de uma linguagem simples e infantilizada, isto é, a linguagem “lúdica” dos memes faz com que os indivíduos se identifiquem com o seu conteúdo e com sua forma de propagação. Com isso, a representatividade dos memes se revela não apenas em seu conteúdo/forma, mas também na própria subjetividade dos indivíduos.
Super Mario Meets AI: Experimental Effects of Automation and Skills on Team Performance and Coordination
Authors: Dell'Acqua Fabrizio , Kogut Bruce , Perkowski Patryk
Published: April 2023

This article studies the effects of the introduction of artificial intelligence into teams in a laboratory experiment. We randomly assign automated co-workers into “laboratory firms” who are playing a team-based game on the Nintendo Switch console. We demonstrate that even in a task where AI outperforms humans, automation decreases overall team performance and increases coordination failures. These effects are especially large in the short-term and in low- and medium-skilled teams. Moreover, automation reduces team trust and individual effort provision. Our results support the implication that improving collaborative human-machine teams is key to the positive transformation that AI may bring to organizations.
Heuristics in Self-Evaluation: Evidence from the Centralized College Admission System in China
Authors: Li Hongbin , Qiu Xinyao
Published: April 2023

Using administrative data on the Chinese National College Entrance Examination, we study how left-digit bias affects college applications. We find strong discontinuities in students' admission outcomes at 10-point thresholds. Students with scores just below multiples of 10 make more conservative college application choices that place them into less selective colleges and majors. In contrast, students who score at or just above multiples of 10 aim and achieve higher but are at greater risk of overshooting. The discontinuity reveals that, despite the educational and labor market consequences, students' self-evaluation based on exam scores is subject to information-processing heuristics.
Status of professional identity as a factor of person’s psychological adaptation in adolescence
Authors: Karabanova Olga A. , Molchanov Sergey V.
Published: April 2023

Background. `e diaculties of professional self-determination in a modern transitive society determine the relevance of studying the connection between psychological adaptation and the status of a person’s professional identity, regarded as an indicator of success in solving the key task of development in adolescence. `e value core of professional self-determination poses the issue of the relationship between individual’s value orientations, the level of professional identity, and basic beliefs as an indicator of the level of psychological adaptation. Objective. `e paper aims to study the relationship between the status of a person’s professional identity in adolescence and the characteristics of psychological adaptation. Objectives include studying (1) the relationship between the status of professional identity and the basic beliefs of the individual as an indicator of psychological adaptation; (2) the characteristics of the value orientations of an individual in connection with the status of professional identity and the level of psychological adaptation. Methods. `e World Assumptions Scale (WAS) by R. Yanob-Bulman in the adaptation of M. Padun and A. Kotelnikova; a technique to determine the status of identity in the celd of professional self-determination by D. Marcia, modiced by O. Karabanova and V. Orestova; Portrait Values Questionnaire-Revised (PVQ-R) by Sh. Schwartz were used. Sample. 102 respondents participated in the study: 35.4% are boys, 54.4% are girls aged 16 to 18. Results. `e K-means method was applied. 2 clusters were identiced, dibering in the level of psychological adaptation. Diberences in the level of basic beliefs and value orientations were revealed in groups with the status of dibusion and moratorium, dibusion and achieved identity (Mann-Whitney test, p ≤ 0.05). Diberences in value orientations were revealed between groups with diberent levels of psychological adaptation (Mann — Whitney test, р ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. `e status of professional identity in adolescence is associated with the level of psychological adaptation of the individual. High statuses of identity (achieved identity and moratorium) correspond to a high level of psychological adaptation, identity dibusion corresponds to a low level of it. A high level of psychological well-being and adaptation is determined by the balance of the values of autonomy and self-aarmation and the universal values of social interests and public well-being.
Contribution of trait mindfulness in countering acute and chronic stress in medical professionals during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Blinnikova Irina V. , Matiushin Vadim V. , Gushchin Maxim V. , Lange Michael D.
Published: April 2023

Background. In extreme conditions the quality of work tasks performed by professionals depends on their ability to control their own states. One of these control instruments is mindfulness. Ye pandemic has created a unique opportunity to explore the potential of mindfulness in preventing the stressful states in healthcare workers. Objective of this study was to identify the contribution of trait mindfulness as a self-regulating ability to the overall level and manifestations of acute and chronic stress. Sample. Ye study involved 66 employees of one of the Moscow medical centers that was converted to provide care for patients with COVID-19. Methods. Ye respondents Zlled in on-line questionnaires, aimed to assess the severity of acute and chronic stress manifestations (by A. Leonova), as well as the general level and facets of trait mindfulness (FFMQ). Results. Low and medium degree of acute and chronic stress severity in specialists working with COVID-patients was revealed. SigniZcant negative correlations were established between indicators of acute (r = –0.423; p < 0.01) and chronic stress (r = –0,581; p < 0,01) with a composite score of trait mindfulness. Regression analysis revealed the counteracting contribution of individual components of mindfulness to the severity of acute and chronic stress. Conclusion. Ye trait mindfulness puts barriers to the acute and chronic stress. Yerefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of this personality trait to prevent the occurrence of negative states in medical professionals.