bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Geometrical Misplacement of Heat Exchanger Pipe Parallel Configuration in Energy Piles
Authors: Alqawasmeh Qusi I. , Narsilio Guillermo A. , Makasis Nikolas
Published: May 2024

Shallow geothermal or ground source heat pump (GSHP) energy systems offer efficient space heating and cooling, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and electrical consumption. Incorporating ground heat exchangers (GHEs) within pile foundations, as part of these GSHP systems, has gained significant attention as it can reduce capital costs. The design and optimisation of GHEs connected in parallel within energy piles have been researched widely, considering symmetrical placement, while the potential misplacement due to construction errors and the optimal placement remain mostly unexplored. This study utilises 3D finite element numerical methods, analysing energy piles with diameters from 0.5 m to 1.4 m, equipped with parallelly connected U-tube and W-tube GHEs. The impact of GHE loop placement is analysed, considering the influence of the ground and concrete thermal conductivities, pile length, fluid flow rate, GHE pipe diameter, and pile spacing. Results indicate a marginal impact, less than 3%, on the overall heat transfer when loops deviate from symmetry and less than 5% on the total heat transfer shared by each loop, except for highly non-symmetric configurations. Symmetrical and evenly spaced loop placement generally maintains favourable thermal performance and ease of installation. This study underscores the flexibility in GHE design and construction with a low risk of thermal yield variations due to uncertainties, particularly with a separation-to-shank distance ratio between 0.5 and 1.5 in a symmetrical distribution.
Hydrocarbon Accumulation Process and Mode in Proterozoic Reservoir of Western Depression in Liaohe Basin, Northeast China: A Case Study of the Shuguang Oil Reservoir
Authors: Zhao Guangjie , Jiang Fujie , Zhang Qiang , Pang Hong , Zhang Shipeng , Liu Xingzhou , Chen Di
Published: May 2024

The Shuguang area has great oil and gas potential in the Proterozoic and it is a major exploration target in the Western Depression. However, controlling factors and a reservoir-forming model of the Shuguang reservoir need further development. The characteristics of the reservoir formation in this area were discussed by means of a geochemical technique, and the controlling factors of the oil reservoir were summarized. The oil generation intensity of Es4 source rock was 25 × 106–500 × 106 t/km2, indicating that the source rocks could provide enough oil for the reservoir. The physical property of the quartz sandstone reservoir was improved by fractures and faults, which provided a good condition for the oil reservoir. Two periods of oil charging existed in the reservoir, with peaks of 38 Ma and 28 Ma, respectively. A continuous discharge of oil is favorable for oil accumulation. Oil could migrate through faults and fractures. In addition, the conditions of source–reservoir–cap assemblage in the Shuguang area well preserved the oil reservoir. The lower part of the Shuguang reservoir was source rock, the upper part was reservoir, and it was a structure-lithologic oil reservoir. These results are crucial for further oil exploration.
Investigations of Energy Conversion and Surface Effect for Laser-Illuminated Gold Nanorod Platforms
Authors: Radomski Piotr , Zaccagnini Federica , Ziółkowski Paweł , Petronella Francesca , De Sio Luciano , Koulali Aimad , Mikielewicz Dariusz
Published: May 2024

Achieving a quick temperature increase is a burning issue for biophysical applications, like germ inactivation and tumor ablation, and for energy performances, like solar collectors and steam generators. Based on the plasmon resonance phenomenon, noble metallic nanoparticles have emerged as promising weapons due to their very high biocompatibility, optical properties, and high surface-to-volume ratio, increasing energy conversion and allowing the maximum temperature to be reached faster. This work examines the energy conversion in sandwiched glassy platforms with gold nanorods. The platforms are kept vertically in the air and illuminated by a 0.5 W near-infrared laser (808 nm). To describe this aspect theoretically, the size and conversion efficiency of the electromagnetic properties are compromised between the proposed model and the stability of the nanorods. As a research approach, our model of cross-sections and polarizability for the surface effect is proposed, coupled with classical CFD numerical calculations. The results of the proposed model, validated by a thermal camera and spectroscopy measurements, indicate that as long as the energy conversion is visible with relatively low-power lasers (ΔT = 18.5 °C), the platforms do not offer fast heat dissipation. The results indicate that, despite the flow forcing by the air inflow, the entropy generation due to heat conduction is more than three orders higher than the dynamic entropy production. Flow forcing corresponds to the value of the velocity for classical convective motions. Therefore, the delivered heat flux must be distributed via convective transport or the associated high-conductive materials.
Export Constraints Applicable to Renewable Generation to Enhance Grid Hosting Capacity
Authors: Chatzistylianos Evangelos S. , Psarros Georgios N. , Papathanassiou Stavros A.
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates grid export constraints applicable to photovoltaic (PV) and wind farm (WF) installations, both with and without behind-the-meter storage, aimed at enhancing grid hosting capacity. The study focuses on static output power limitations, i.e., simple export constraints that are preventively imposed on renewable energy source (RES) plants regardless of the prevailing network congestion conditions. These constraints are easy to apply, implemented ex ante and out of market, and do not require additional investments in energy storage or advanced devices. They also yield a measurable increase in hosting capacity and grid utilization, with their impact on RES plant operation and return of investment straightforwardly calculable. Analysis defines the level and shape of these constraints assuming an indicative acceptable curtailment level of 5% for each RES technology attributed to the preventing action of the imposed limitations, while the respective implications for RES energy yield and investment viability are explored. The findings indicate that an export power limitation of ca. 68% is effective for stand-alone PVs, while a stepwise static limitation is necessary for stand-alone WFs and WFs with integrated storage to manage midday solar generation peaks. PV plants tightly coupled with storage facilities can handle static limitations as low as 35% with minimal impact on the economic feasibility of the investments.
Evaluation of Efficiency Enhancement in Photovoltaic Panels via Integrated Thermoelectric Cooling and Power Generation
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Abu Bakr Muhammad , Ali Muntazir , Majeed Muhammad Awais , Haider Zunaib Maqsood , Khan Muhammad Omer
Published: May 2024

Among renewable resources, solar energy is abundant and cost effective. However, the efficiency and performance of photovoltaic panels (PVs) are adversely affected by the rise in the surface temperature of solar cells. This paper analyzes the idea of utilizing thermoelectric modules (TEMs) to enhance the efficiency and performance of PV panels. The proposed hybrid solar thermoelectric generation (HSTEG) system employs TEMs as thermoelectric coolers (TECs) to enhance panel efficiency and as thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to convert excess heat into additional electricity. This study includes an extensive evaluation of the proposed idea using MATLAB Simulink and experimental validation in indoor as well as outdoor environments. The use of TECs for the active cooling of the PV system leads to an increase in its efficiency by 9.54%. Similarly, the passive cooling by TECs along with the additional power generated by the TEGs from the excessive heat led to an increase in the efficiency of the PV system of 15.50%. The results demonstrate the HSTEG system’s potential to significantly improve PV panel efficiency and energy generation, offering a promising avenue for advancing solar energy technology.
Efficient Reduction of Carbon Tetrachloride in an Electrochemical Reactor with a Three-Dimensional Electrode
Authors: Molina Víctor M. , Moreno-Toral Esteban , Ramos-Carrillo Antonio
Published: May 2024

A selective electrochemical synthesis of chloroform from carbon tetrachloride (CT) in a laboratory-scale electrochemical reactor using a carbon felt three-dimensional electrode is studied. The characterization of the electrochemical reactor from the point of view of material transport was carried out, obtaining good correlations both in the adjustment to a simple bath reactor model and the adjustment to a piston-flow model, and the operating parameters were obtained, such as the material transport coefficient or the limiting intensity. The galvanostatic electrolysis of CT in the filter-press reactor obtained good values for current efficiency and selectivity, so that only hydrogen was obtained as a by-product. With respect to the use of flat electrodes, the three-dimensional carbon felt electrode improves the results in all the studied parameters under identical experimental conditions.
Precision Forestry Versus Non-Precision Archaeology—Integrating Forest Management and Archaeological Site Protection
Authors: Roiha Johanna , Tanhuanpää Topi , Hyyppä Juha , Holopainen Markus
Published: May 2024

This study examines the precision of spatial data required for archaeological sites in Finland from a forest management perspective, identifies archaeological sites at risk due to forestry activities, and investigates potential collaboration between archaeology and forestry to enhance the preservation and understanding of these sites. Due to outdated methods and the lack of systematic field surveys, challenges in achieving accurate spatial data for archaeological sites are highlighted through a literature review, case studies, and fieldwork. Our findings indicate that a significant portion of sites lack boundary delineation, exposing them to the risk of destruction. Moreover, the study reveals limited collaboration between the archaeology and forestry sectors, despite mutual interests in site preservation. We advocate for improved spatial data accuracy using modern technological methods like precision GPS and enhanced cooperation between archaeologists and forestry professionals. This approach aims to protect Finland’s archaeological heritage while promoting responsible forestry practices. Notably, fieldwork enabled the precise determination of the location of Finland’s first separate plague cemetery, underscoring the value of direct field verification in enriching historical and archaeological understanding.
Floristic Diversity and Green-Tree Retention in Intensively Managed Temperate Forests: A Case Study in Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Pérez-Pardo Brenda E. , Velázquez-Martínez Alejandro , Burgos-Hernández Mireya , Reyes-Hernández Valentín J.
Published: May 2024

Clearcutting has tended to simplify forest structure and species composition, with potential negative consequences for biodiversity. Retention forestry emerged as an alternative to minimize this concern in intensively managed forests. In central Mexico, this approach was first implemented a decade ago in temperate forests, but an examination of its effects on floristic diversity and composition is non-existent. We evaluated and compared richness, diversity, and floristic composition among harvested, retention, and conserved areas in a conifer-dominated forest of central Mexico, with various parametric and non-parametric analyses. Species’ ecological and structural importance was also evaluated. We recorded 138 species, 95 genera, and 44 families of plants. Harvested areas listed the most species (99) with herb dominance, tree homogeneity, and the highest number of exotics. Retention and conserved areas’ floristic composition was similar, with the presence of epiphytes and terrestrial orchids, considered indicators of conservation. The retention areas recorded rare and endangered species, tree heterogeneity, and juveniles of structural species of temperate forests. Conserved areas showed a greater number of structural mature elements and exclusive species, though there was a smaller species number (75). We demonstrated that retention forestry is achieving its goal by maintaining the structural elements, habitats, and plant diversity of the temperate forests analyzed.
Nature-Based Solutions to Reduce Air Pollution: A Case Study from Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Using Trees, Herbs, Mosses and Lichens
Authors: Petrova Slaveya , Velcheva Iliana , Nikolov Bogdan
Published: May 2024

Nature-based solutions (NBSs) are becoming more and more recognized as useful instruments to address the challenges that urban areas are currently facing, i.e., climate change adaptation, flood mitigation, etc. In the present study, we aimed to: (1) compare the efficiency of mosses, lichens, herbs and trees in removing pollutants from the urban air using their biomonitoring potential; (2) assess their efficiency as nature-based solutions to mitigate urban air pollution; and (3) propose a framework for implementing such NBSs in urban areas. The first step involved analyses of the concentrations of 20 potentially toxic elements in eight selected biomonitors. After that, an assessment of their removal capacity was made on the basis of elements accumulation. This is the first complex study in an urban area involving the simultaneous application of organisms of eight different species and four different systematic groups (lichenized fungi, mosses, herbaceous plants, woody species) as well as such a large number of potentially hazardous elements. The present study sheds new light on some well-known biomonitors in the context of their application for air pollution mitigation. The great potential of the eight studied plant species for efficient removal of potentially toxic elements is highlighted and their implementation into NBS frameworks is recommended.
Exploring the Differences in Tree Species Classification between Typical Forest Regions in Northern and Southern China
Authors: Zhang Jia , Li Hao , Wang Jia , Liang Yuying , Li Rui , Sun Xiaoting
Published: May 2024

Focusing on the trend of continuously seeking high-precision tree species classification results in small areas from the perspectives of sensors and classification algorithms. This study aimed to explore the effects of data sources, classifiers, and seasons on classification accuracy in regions with significant environmental variation, examining patterns of tree species classification to enhance the transferability of classification. Considering two typical forest distribution regions in the north and south of China, this study utilized the revisitation cycle and open-source advantages of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8. Leveraging the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study captured spectral features, vegetation indices, and texture features for single seasonal and seasonal combination images. With the assistance of Sentinel-1A and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) DEM (Digital Elevation Model), backscattering coefficient features and topographical features were extracted and input with features captured from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 into three types of classifiers: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient tree boosting (GTB) for major tree species classification. In this research, we discovered that the best classification for single season in the northern study area was spring, whereas, for the southern study area, it was winter. Seasonal combination images effectively improved the classification accuracy of single seasonal images, with Sentinel-2 imagery displaying better classification performance compared to Landsat-8, and the optimal classifier differing between the north and the south. The inclusion of topographical or backscattering coefficient features in the four-season combination imagery contributed to improvements in classification accuracy, with topographical features significantly enhancing the classification performance in the topographically varied southern study area. The evaluation of feature importance indicated that elevation was the most critical feature for classification, while spectral features and vegetation indices were also significant. In the southern study area with large topographical discrepancies, subdividing into different terrain units led to improved tree species classification accuracy in medium-altitude, gentle slope areas. These findings provide insights into the regularity of enhancing tree species classification accuracy in environmentally diverse areas through the use of multi-source remote sensing data and multi-seasonal imagery. Consequently, the results offer a reference for the identification of tree species across large areas and the creation of spatial distribution maps.
In Vitro Gas Production of Common Southeast Asian Grasses in Response to Variable Regrowth Periods in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Huyen Thi Duong , Schonewille Jan Thomas , Pellikaan Wilbert Frans , Nguyen Trach Xuan , Hendriks Wouter Hendrikus
Published: May 2024

The relationship between DM yield/cutting and the fermentable organic matter (FOM) content of tropical grasses was appropriately investigated to re-assess optimal grass maturity to feed dairy cattle. Nine different grass species belonging to the genera Brachiaria spp. (Mulato II, Ruzi), Panicum spp. (Guinea, Hamil, Mombasa, TD58), and Pennisetum spp. (King, Napier, VA06) were chemically analysed and subjected to an in vitro gas production (IVGP) test. For 72 h, gas production (GP) was continuously recorded with fully automated equipment. A triphasic, nonlinear, regression procedure was applied to analyse GP profiles. Across all the grasses, it was found that the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents increased with increasing maturity of the grass while the CP contents decreased with increasing NDF contents. In all nine grasses, digestible organic matter (dOM) was significantly affected by the week of cutting but IVGP was similar between the weeks of cutting in Ruzi, Hamil, Mombasa, and Napier grasses. Except for Guinea grass, the lowest dOM values were found when the grasses were cut after ≥5 weeks of regrowth. Harvesting grass one or two weeks earlier than the normal cutting time is a practically relevant intervention in increasing forage quality and productivity of dOM and fermentation potential.
Variation in Activation Parameters for the Preparation of Cellulose-Based Porous Carbon Fibers Used for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Unterweger Christoph , Gavrilov Nemanja , Breitenbach Stefan , Fürst Christian , Pašti Igor A.
Published: May 2024

Porous carbon fibers play a pivotal role in electrochemistry due to their unique structural and textural properties, offering a promising avenue for diverse applications ranging from energy storage to electrocatalysis. In this study, we investigate the intricate relationship between the electrochemical responses of porous carbon fibers synthesized using the Design of Experiments protocol and their textural properties, aiming to elucidate key insights for material design and optimization. Through comprehensive correlation analyses, we uncover notable associations between oxygen reduction reaction mass activities and capacitances measured at different polarization rates, highlighting the significance of pore accessibility in dictating electrochemical performance. While direct correlations with specific surface area and total pore volume for mass activities were not observed, our findings reveal significant trends regarding capacitance retention. Specifically, materials with an elevated specific surface area and total pore volume demonstrate enhanced capacitance retention, particularly under varying charging and discharging rates. These results underscore the importance of optimizing specific surface area and pore volume to maximize capacitive performance across diverse operating conditions. Our study provides valuable guidance for developing porous carbon fibers tailored for superior electrochemical performance in various applications.
The Impact of Different Ventilation Conditions on Electric Bus Fires
Authors: Yao Haowei , Xing Mengyang , Song Huaitao , Zhang Yang , Luo Sheng , Bai Zhenpeng
Published: May 2024

Once a fire breaks out in an electric bus, it can easily lead to mass casualties and severe injuries, resulting in significant property damage and social impact. The high-temperature smoke and toxic gases in an electric bus fire are key factors that cause a large number of casualties, both of which are closely related to ventilation conditions. In view of this, this study utilized the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS 6) software to establish a three-dimensional experimental model of an electric bus. Numerical simulations of the fire combustion process in the electric bus under different ventilation conditions were conducted. Multiple fire scenes were established based on varying ventilation areas, different wind speeds, and diverse window opening positions. This study specifically analyzed the temperature and CO concentration variations under different fire scenes. By comparing the simulation results under different ventilation conditions, it can be concluded that when an electric bus catches fire, opening 100% of the windows, the wind speed is 8 m/s, and opening the rear window of the electric bus first can minimize the fire risk. Through the numerical simulation of electric bus fires under various conditions, this study analyzed the impact of different ventilation conditions on electric bus fires, providing a theoretical basis for firefighting and rescue efforts as well as personnel evacuation in electric bus fire incidents, with the ultimate goal of maximizing public safety.
Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Seafood Discards for Juvenile Penaeus japonicus: Effects on Growth, Flesh Quality, Chemical and Fatty Acid Composition
Authors: Ragni Marco , Colonna Maria Antonietta , Di Turi Laura , Carbonara Claudia , Giannico Francesco , Cariglia Michela , Palma Giuseppe , Tarricone Simona
Published: May 2024

The present study was designed to assess the influence of fishmeal replacement with increasing percentages of fresh seafood discards (0, 25, 50 and 75%) in diets for Penaeus japonicus on growth performance, physical characteristics and the chemical and fatty acid composition of shrimp flesh. Each diet was administered for 108 days, and the trial was assayed in triplicate. The final body weight and the specific growth rate were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in shrimps fed with 75% fishmeal replacement as compared to 25%, while the abdomen weight and the total length were the highest (p < 0.01). Moreover, 75% replacement showed a significantly (p < 0.05) lower value of hardness and a greater crude protein and lipid content as compared to the 0% replacement. The shrimps fed with high levels of seafood discards (50 and 75%) showed a lower saturated fatty acid concentration and, in turn, a greater amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in shrimp meat significantly (p < 0.05) affected the lower atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. In conclusion, replacing 75% of fishmeal with seafood discards provided satisfactory results. An economic analysis based on ESG indicators and PESTLE methodology is provided in order to show the socio-economic and governance impacts affecting the replacement of shrimps’ diet with fish discard.
Protective Effects of Roselle Aqueous Extracts against UV-Induced Damage in Zebrafish Fins
Authors: Lee I-Ting , Huang Ching-Yuan , Su Wei-Lin , Truong Tran M. , Wen Chi-Chung , Wang Bo-Chang , Chen Yau-Hung
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a flowering plant reported to have anti-obesity, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to evaluate the UV-absorbing and antioxidant activities of roselle aqueous extracts (RAE) and test the protective effects of RAE against UV radiation in zebrafish embryos. (2) Methods: DPPH assay and UV-spectrum methods were applied to evaluate the antioxidant and UV-absorbing activities, respectively. The protective effects of RAE were evaluated using fin morphology recording, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression. Real-time PCR experiments were also applied to detect both the UV- and RAE-induced gene expressions. (3) Results: Our results show that (i) RAE had UV-absorbing abilities and significantly reduced ROS production in vitro; (ii) the mean times of malformed fins in the UV + RAE (36 and 48 ppm) groups were 3.56 and 4.44 days, respectively, and were prolonged compared to those in the UV-only group (3.36 days); (iii) zebrafish in the UV + RAE (36 and 48 ppm) groups were 0.963 and 0.496 (p < 0.001) times more likely to develop to malformed fins, respectively, than those in the UV-only group; and (iv) the RAE treatment led to the 0.19- to 0.62-fold downregulation of the p53, p21, mdm2, and bcl2 gene expressions, compared to the UV-only group. (4) Conclusions: The UV-protective effects of RAE might derive from both the in vitro UV-absorbing activity and in vivo regulation of the p53, p21, mdm2, and bcl2 gene expressions.
Assessing Economic Contributions of the Virginia Seafood Industry: An Estimation Framework Utilizing Primary Data
Authors: Gonçalves Fernando H. , van Senten Jonathan , Schwarz Michael H. , Hegde Shraddha
Published: May 2024

With a focus on seafood industries, this study provides a framework for economic contribution assessments, outlines Virginia’s seafood supply chain components, and evaluates the direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts of Virginia’s seafood industry in 2019. Utilizing an analysis-by-parts method in IMPLAN, primary expenditure data from watermen, aquaculture farmers, processors, and distributors were collected through surveys. The efficacy of obtaining primary data through stakeholder surveys heavily relies on the investigator’s interpersonal skills to establish trust and elucidate the study’s benefits, particularly its potential to inform policy decisions. In 2019, the Virginia seafood industry’s estimated total economic contributions amounted to USD 1.1 billion, supporting 7187 individuals. This impact encompasses 6050 direct jobs, 523 indirect jobs, and 614 induced jobs, primarily benefiting watermen and coastal communities. Furthermore, the industry’s influence extends beyond its immediate economic sphere, supporting diverse sectors such as polystyrene foam manufacturing, boat building, sporting and athletic goods, and commercial and industrial machinery. Wages and salaries disbursed throughout the seafood supply chain ripple to Virginia’s economy, benefiting nondepository credit intermediation, owner-occupied dwellings, and real estate sectors. Future research focusing on seafood sales in restaurants and retail outlets will complete the understanding of the seafood industry’s broader economic impact on the state.
Simulation on the Separation of Breast Cancer Cells within a Dual-Patterned End Microfluidic Device
Authors: Dutta Diganta , Palmer Xavier , Lim Jung Yul , Chandra Surabhi
Published: May 2024

Microfluidic devices have long been useful for both the modeling and diagnostics of numerous diseases. In the past 20 years, they have been increasingly adopted for helping to study those in the family of breast cancer through characterizing breast cancer cells and advancing treatment research in portable and replicable formats. This paper adds to the body of work concerning cancer-focused microfluidics by proposing a simulation of a hypothetical bi-ended three-pronged device with a single channel and 16 electrodes with 8 pairs under different voltage and frequency regimes using COMSOL. Further, a study was conducted to examine the frequencies most effective for ACEO to separate cancer cells and accompanying particles. The study revealed that the frequency of EF has a more significant impact on the separation of particles than the inlet velocity. Inlet velocity variations while holding the frequency of EF constant resulted in a consistent trend showing a direct proportionality between inlet velocity and net velocity. These findings suggest that optimizing the frequency of EF could lead to more effective particle separation and targeted therapeutic interventions for breast cancer. This study hopefully will help to create targeted therapeutic interventions by bridging the disparity between in vitro and in vivo models.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in Different Raw Food from Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: Guel-García Paulina , García De León Francisco Javier , Aguilera-Arreola Guadalupe , Mandujano Antonio , Mireles-Martínez Maribel , Oliva-Hernández Amanda , Cruz-Hernández María Antonia , Vasquez-Villanueva Jose , Rivera Gildardo , Bocanegra-García Virgilio , Martínez-Vázquez Ana Verónica
Published: May 2024

Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and animals, reaching up to 30% case mortality. There are only a few reports in Mexico about the L. monocytogenes strains found in various foods. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes, serogroups, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance in different foods from Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. L. monocytogenes strains were characterized by microbiological and molecular methods. Susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was determined according to CLSI and EUCAST. A total of 300 samples of seafood, pasteurized and raw milk, cheese, beef, and chicken were collected from supermarkets and retail markets. The presence of L. monocytogenes was detected in 5.6% of the samples. Most strains belonged to serogroups 4b, 4d, and 4e (68.4%). All strains presented a minimum of four virulence genes; the most common were actA, hly, and plcB (92.1%). A high percentage of antimicrobial susceptibility was observed, with resistance only to STX-TMP (78.9%), STR (26.3%), MEM (21.0%), and E (2.6%). These results show that the foods in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, are a reservoir of L. monocytogenes and represent a potential health risk.
Antioxidant Activity, Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Stingless Bee Honey from Australia
Authors: Mello dos Santos Mariana , Khan Nazim , Lim Lee Yong , Locher Cornelia
Published: May 2024

This study reports on the physicochemical and sensory attributes, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of 36 honey samples produced by two different stingless bee species (Tetragonula carbonaria and Tetragonula hockingsi) from Australia. The findings reveal moisture content across all samples ranges from 24.9% to 30.8% (w/w), electrical conductivity from 1.02 to 2.15 mS/cm, pH levels between 3.57 and 6.54, soluble solids from 69.2 to 75.1 °Brix, trehalulose concentrations from 6.20 to 38.2 g/100 g, fructose levels from 7.79 to 33.4 g/100 g, and glucose content from 3.36 to 26.8 g/100 g. Sucrose was undetectable in all investigated samples. In a sensory analysis involving 30 participants, Australian stingless bee honey was perceived as having a more pronounced sourness compared with New Zealand Manuka honey. The study reveals considerable variability in the composition of Australian stingless bee honey, influenced by factors such as floral availability, geographical origin, and time of harvest. It also demonstrates the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in stingless bee honey, underlining their potential as a natural source of antioxidants. All investigated samples contain trehalulose, which supports the findings of other recent studies that propose this unusual disaccharide as a marker compound of stingless bee honey.
Progress in Multisensory Synergistic Salt Reduction
Authors: Liu Shujing , Gu Yuxiang , Zheng Ruiyi , Sun Baoguo , Zhang Lili , Zhang Yuyu
Published: May 2024

Excessive salt intake, primarily from sodium chloride prevalent in modern food processing, poses a significant public health risk associated with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Researchers worldwide are exploring approaches to reduce salt consumption without compromising food flavor. One promising method is to enhance salty taste perception using multisensory synergies, leveraging gustatory, olfactory, auditory, visual, tactile and trigeminal senses to decrease salt intake while preserving food taste. This review provides a comprehensive overview of salt usage in foods, mechanisms of salty taste perception and evaluation methods for saltiness. Various strategies for reducing salt consumption while maintaining food flavor are examined, with existing salt reduction methods’ advantages and limitations being critically analyzed. A particular emphasis is placed on exploring the mechanisms and potential of multisensory synergy in salt reduction. Taste interactions, olfactory cues, auditory stimulation, visual appearance and tactile sensations in enhancing saltiness perception are discussed, offering insights into developing nutritious, appealing low-sodium foods. Furthermore, challenges in current research are highlighted, and future directions for effective salt reduction strategies to promote public health are proposed. This review aims to establish a scientific foundation for creating healthier, flavorful low-sodium food options that meet consumer preferences and wellness needs.
Improving the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fermented Milks with Exopolysaccharides-Producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains
Authors: Prete Roberta , Dell’Orco Francesca , Sabatini Giusi , Montagano Federica , Battista Natalia , Corsetti Aldo
Published: May 2024

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) producing lactic acid bacteria have been claimed to confer various health benefits to the host, including the ability to face oxidative and inflammatory-related stress. This study investigated the ability of food-borne Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum to improve the antioxidant activity of fermented milks by producing EPSs. Two Lpb. plantarum strains, selected as lower and higher EPSs producers, have been applied in lab-scale fermented milk production, in combination with conventional starters. Antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays while the ability to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated in an intestinal healthy model, subjected to both oxidative and inflammatory stress. Furthermore, to verify whether digestion affects functionality, fermented milks were evaluated before and after in vitro-simulated INFOGEST digestion. The results showed an improved antioxidant activity of fermented milk enriched with Lpb. plantarum LT100, the highest EPSs producer. Furthermore, the data showed a different ROS modulation with a protective anti-inflammatory effect of samples enriched with Lpb. plantarum strains. Our data suggest the use of selected EPS-producing strains of Lpb. plantarum as a natural strategy to enrich the functionality of fermented milks in terms of ROS modulation and inflammatory-related stress.
Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition and Volatile Profile of Powder from Edible Crickets (Acheta domesticus) Reared on Apple By-Products
Authors: Umebara Io , Akutsu Keiko , Kubo Misako , Iijima Akihiro , Sakurai Ren , Masutomi Hirofumi , Ishihara Katsuyuki
Published: May 2024

Edible crickets have recently been used as a new alternative protein source with high nutritional value. The nutritional and flavor-related value of edible crickets varies greatly depending on the species, growth conditions and processing conditions. However, few studies have investigated the effects of the diet fed to crickets during their growth phase on flavor. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the flavor-related factors of powder from crickets reared on apple by-products (ACP) by comparing them with those of powder from crickets reared on a control diet (CCP). The fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of each powder were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, followed by sensory analysis and color measurement. A decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, specifically γ-linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, was observed in ACP. A total of 50 volatile compounds were identified, of which 11 were present in only ACP, while 39 were found in both powders. The sensory analysis showed that the overall balance score of ACP was higher than that of CCP, and according to the color measurements, ACP was darker than CCP. These differences between CCP and ACP might have been due to the differences in the chemical composition of the diets fed to the crickets during their growth phase. The results of this study suggest that one of the factors determining the food value of edible crickets, especially in terms of flavor, is the diet they are fed during their growth phase.
Breadmaking Quality Parameters of Different Varieties of Triticale Cultivars
Authors: Ghendov-Mosanu Aliona , Popa Nicolae , Paiu Sergiu , Boestean Olga , Bulgaru Viorica , Leatamborg Svetlana , Lupascu Galina , Codină Georgiana Gabriela
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research is to investigate the quality of different triticale cultivars (Ingen 35, Ingen 33, Ingen 93, Ingen 54, Ingen 40, Fanica and Costel) cultivated in the Republic of Moldova from the point of view of the flour, dough, and bread quality characteristics. This research may be of great importance for producers and consumers due to the high production capacity, wide adaptability, economic significance in human foods and nutritional value of triticale cultivars. The triticale flours were analyzed for moisture, ash, protein, wet gluten, fat, carbohydrates, acidity and color parameters (L*, a* and b* values). According to the chemical values, the triticale flours were suitable for breadmaking. The moisture content was less than 14% for all triticale varieties, indicating a long shelf life during its storage and the lowest protein content of 13.1%. The mixing, pasting and fermentation characteristics of triticale dough were analyzed using Mixolab, falling number, dynamic rheometer, alveograph and rheofermentometer devices. All triticale flours presented high levels of α-amylase, with falling number values being less than 70 s. The bread quality characteristics analyzed were the loaf volume, porosity, acidity, and sensory characteristics, and the textural parameters examined were the hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness, and resilience. Our data showed large differences in breadmaking quality parameters. However, according to the sensory data, all the bread samples except those obtained from the Costel variety were of a very good quality, being within a total sensory range of 25.26–29.85 points. According to the relationships between flour, dough and bread characteristics obtained through principal component analysis, it may be concluded that the triticale varieties Costel, Ingen 33, Ingen 93 and Fanica, and Ingen 35 were more closely associated with each other. Significant differences were found between the triticale variety samples Ingen 40, Fanica, and Ingen 35 and between Ingen 54, Ingen 33, Costel, and Ingen 93.
Food Choices, Sustainability and Australian Native Foods: Perceptions among University Students
Authors: Lopes Carla Vanessa Alves , Dharmayani Putu Novi Arfirsta , Ronto Rimante , Hunter John , Mihrshahi Seema
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: Urgent changes in our food choices are needed for more sustainable, resilient and equitable food systems. Australian native plant-based foods have both environmental and health benefits. Including these foods in our diet may reduce both the risk of chronic diseases and the impact of climate change. This study explored the perceptions and attitudes towards food choices, sustainability and Australian native plant-based food among university students. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 212 university students in Australia from October to December 2022. Questions included information about sociodemographic characteristics, food choices, Australian native foods and the impact on sustainability. Logistic regression was used for analyses. (3) Results: Most participants recognised the impact of food choices on sustainability. There was a significant association between recognition of the impact of food choices on sustainability and the environmental and nutritional benefits of Australian native foods (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.29, 6.46, p = 0.010). Students who were familiar with or had tried Australian native plant-based foods were significantly more likely to recognise their environmental and nutritional benefits (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Students who recognise the impact of food choices on sustainability and the benefits of Australian native foods are more likely to include native foods in their diet. More studies are needed to investigate the specific native foods consumed and the barriers and facilitators to the intake of these foods.
Development of Oleogel-Based Fat Replacer and Its Application in Pan Bread Making
Authors: Kim Sung-Huo , Jo Yeon-Ji , Lee Sung Ho , Park Sung-Hoon
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the bakery industry has been exploring alternative fats to replace traditional solid fats. Shortening, a common baking ingredient, is produced through the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, resulting in high levels of saturated and trans fatty acids, despite its vegetable oil origin. The excessive consumption of these fats has been associated with negative health effects, including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular issues. Oleogels, incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum (XG), and olive oil, were utilized to replace shortening in the production of white pan bread. The substitution of shortening with oleogel in the white pan bread preparation demonstrated potential reductions in saturated fat, trans fat, and the ratio of saturated fat to unsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, with the complete substitution of shortening with oleogel, saturated fatty acids decreased by 52.46% and trans fatty acids by 75.72%, with unsaturated fatty acids increasing by 57.18%. Our findings revealed no significant difference in volume between bread made with shortening and bread with up to 50% shortening substitution. Moreover, when compared to bread made with shortening and 50% oleogel substitution, no adverse effects on the quality characteristics of volume and expansion properties were observed, and the retrogradation rate was delayed. This study suggests that incorporating oleogels, formed with hydrocolloids such as HPMC and XG, to replace shortening in bread, in conjunction with traditional solid fats, provides positive effects on the quality and nutritional aspects of the bread compared to using oleogel alone. Through this study, we demonstrate the use of oleogels as a healthier alternative to shortening, without reducing the bread’s quality, thus offering a practical solution to reduce unhealthy fats in bakery products.
Artificial Rainfall on Grain Quality and Baking Characteristics of Winter Wheat Cultivars in Korea
Authors: Park Hyeonjin , Cha Jin-Kyung , Lee So-Myeong , Kwon Youngho , Choi Jisu , Lee Jong-Hee
Published: May 2024

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stands as a significant cereal crop globally, including in Korea, where its consumption reached 35.7 kg per capita in 2023. In the southern regions of Korea, wheat cultivation follows paddy rice, with harvesting typically occurring during the rainy season in mid-June. This timing, coupled with the high humidity and unpredictable rainfall, often leads to pre-harvest sprouting and subsequent deterioration in flour quality. To assess the impact of rain on flour quality, an artificial rain treatment was administered 45 days after heading in an open field greenhouse, followed by flour quality analysis. The color measurement revealed an increase in the L* parameter, indicative of enhanced kernel vitreousness, attributed to endosperm starch degradation via alpha-amylase activation induced by water absorption. Moreover, significant changes were observed in ash content and the gluten index within the wetted group, resulting in decreased dough strength and stability, ultimately leading to a reduction in loaf volume. Consequently, it is recommended that wheat be harvested 4–7 days after reaching the physiological maturity stage to avoid the rainy season and ensure the production of high-quality wheat.
Effect of Roasting on the Chemical Composition and Oxidative Stability of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Seed Oil
Authors: Niu Zhiya , Zhu Zhongyan , Zhou Jing , Xu Chengjian , Wei Changqing , Liu Wenyu , Liu Zhanxia , Wang Ting , Xiao Hang
Published: May 2024

In this study, tomato seed (TS) samples were subjected to different roasting conditions (90–170 °C and 10–30 min) to compare their effects on the chemical composition and oxidative stability of tomato seed oil (TSO). Unroasted TS was considered as a control sample. Our results revealed that moderate roasting (130 °C/20 min) can significantly increase the content of linoleic acid (54.01–54.89%), linolenic acid (2.17–2.41%), phytosterols (2789.56–3037.31 mg/kg), squalene (5.06–13.10 mg/kg), total phenols (22.37–22.67 mg GAE/100 g), and other functional components (p < 0.05) in TSO, while the antioxidant activity (via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays) also increased. In addition, the tocopherol content decreased significantly (758.53–729.50 mg/kg). Accelerated oxidation experiments showed that roasting (170 °C/30 min) increased the oxidative stability index (OSI) of TSO from 5.35 to 7.07 h (p < 0.05). Furthermore, roasting gradually increased the content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (0–1.74 mg/kg), which indicates that the oxidative stability and the degree of the Maillard reaction increased upon roasting. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that moderate roasting (130 °C/20 min) improved the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and oxidative stability of TSO. Furthermore, this work provides a useful theoretical basis for the processing and wide application of TSO in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Deep Survival Models Can Improve Long-Term Mortality Risk Estimates from Chest Radiographs
Authors: Liu Mingzhu , Nagpal Chirag , Dubrawski Artur
Published: May 2024

Deep learning has recently demonstrated the ability to predict long-term patient risk and its stratification when trained on imaging data such as chest radiographs. However, existing methods formulate estimating patient risk as a binary classification, typically ignoring or limiting the use of temporal information, and not accounting for the loss of patient follow-up, which reduces the fidelity of estimation and limits the prediction to a certain time horizon. In this paper, we demonstrate that deep survival and time-to-event prediction models can outperform binary classifiers at predicting mortality and risk of adverse health events. In our study, deep survival models were trained to predict risk scores from chest radiographs and patient demographic information in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial (25,433 patient data points used in this paper) for 2-, 5-, and 10-year time horizons. Binary classification models that predict mortality at these time horizons were built as baselines. Compared to the considered alternative, deep survival models improve the Brier score (5-year: 0.0455 [95% CI, 0.0427–0.0482] vs. 0.0555 [95% CI, (0.0535–0.0575)], p < 0.05) and expected calibration error (ECE) (5-year: 0.0110 [95% CI, 0.0080–0.0141] vs. 0.0747 [95% CI, 0.0718–0.0776], p < 0.05) for those fixed time horizons and are able to generate predictions for any time horizon, without the need to retrain the models. Our study suggests that deep survival analysis tools can outperform binary classification in terms of both discriminative performance and calibration, offering a potentially plausible solution for forecasting risk in clinical practice.