bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurse's foci of commitment model to decrease turnover intention
Authors: Nursalam Nursalam , Qowi Nurul Hikmatul , Yuswanto Tri Johan Agus , Efendi Ferry
Published: October 2022

The hospital is an organization in the service sector with nurses as the main resource. Increasing the commitment of the nurses was one of the ways to retain nurses. This cross-sectional study explained nurse’s foci of commitment model to decrease turnover intention. Variables in this study included nurse characteristics, job characteristics, work experience, organizational factors, nurse commitment, and turnover intention. The population was nurses who have worked in islamic hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. The 119 nurses selected as sample based on simple random sampling. Data collected using questionnaires and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS). Nurse characteristics influenced nurse commitments (path coefficient=0.252; t=2.953) and turnover intention (path coefficient=-0.239; t=2.458). Job characteristics influenced nurse commitments (path coefficient=0.190; t=2.409) and turnover intention (path coefficient=-0.183; t=2.107). Work experience influenced nurse commitments (path coefficient=0.208; t=2.231) and turnover intention (path coefficient=-0.153; t=1.964). organizational factors influenced nurse commitments (path coefficient=0.218; t=2.170) and turnover intention (path coefficient=-0.174; t=2.330). Nurse commitment influenced turnover intention (path coefficient=-0.226; t=2.084). The nurse's commitment as moderate these factors in reducing turnover intention. The influence of job satisfaction, nurse commitment, and perceived organizational support to turnover intention needs further research.
Effect of Social Environments on Cardiovascular Disease in the United States
Authors: Kim Yeonwoo , Lee Ahyoung , Cubbin Catherine
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aims to examine the effect of time‐variant perceived neighborhood social cohesion, perceived neighborhood physical disorder, and local crime on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence from 2006 through 2016.

Methods and Results

We obtained data from the Health & Retirement Study. Respondents aged ≥50 years and with no recorded history of CVD until 2006 (N=8826) were included and followed for 10 years. Cox proportional hazards models were estimated with CVD incidence as an outcome variable and time‐variant social environment factors (perceived neighborhood social cohesion, perceived neighborhood physical disorder, and local crime) as exposures, after controlling for sociodemographic factors and CVD‐related risk/protective factors. Our results showed that perceived neighborhood social cohesion was associated with CVD among Black respondents, but not Hispanic and White respondents. Perceived neighborhood physical disorder and local crime rates were not associated with CVD incidence across all racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that perceptions of favorable social environments need to be considered to reduce CVD risk among Black adults. Further research is needed to identify different pathways through which living in favorable social environments benefits cardiovascular health by racial and ethnic groups.
Prehospital Blood Pressure and Clinical and Radiological Outcomes in Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Larsen Kristin Tveitan , Selseth Maiken Nordahl , Jahr Silje Holt , Hillestad Vigdis , Koubaa Nojoud , Sandset Else Charlotte , Rønning Ole Morten , Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug
Published: October 2022

Background:

High blood pressure (BP) is associated with poor outcome in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Little is known about the predictive value of prehospital BP in intracerebral hemorrhage. We aimed to investigate the relationship between prehospital BP and clinical and radiological outcomes.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, hospital-based study of all adult intracerebral hemorrhage patients admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset to a large primary stroke centre during 2012 to 2019. The first prehospital and on-admission BP were recorded as systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure. The absolute differences between prehospital and on-admission BP were calculated (BP
change
). Primary outcomes were in-hospital death, early neurological deterioration, and hematoma expansion. Associations between prehospital BP, BP
change
, and outcomes were explored by regression with adjustment for relevant confounders.

Results:

We included 426 patients aged median 76 (interquartile range 67–85) years and 203 (48%) were female. Median prehospital systolic BP was 179 (interquartile range 158–197) and diastolic BP was 100 (interquartile range 86–112) mm Hg. In-hospital death occurred in 121/426 (28%), early neurological deterioration in 107/295 (36%), and hematoma expansion in 50/185 (27%) patients. There were linear associations between 5 mm Hg increment of prehospital systolic BP (odds ratio 1.06, [95% CI, 1.01–1.12]) and mean arterial pressure (odds ratio 1.08, [95% CI, 1.01–1.15]) and in-hospital death, and between 5 mm Hg increment of prehospital diastolic BP (odds ratio 1.10, [95% CI, 1.00–1.21]) and mean arterial pressure (odds ratio 1.09, [95% CI, 1.00–1.18]) and hematoma expansion. There was a nonlinear association between prehospital systolic BP and in-hospital death. No consistent associations between prehospital BP
change
and outcomes were found.

Conclusions:

In patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage, elevated prehospital BP parameters were associated with in-hospital death and hematoma expansion. Changes in prehospital BP were not consistently associated with outcome. A possible U-shaped association between prehospital BP and in-hospital death needs further investigation.
Turbulent Transition of a Flow from Small to O(1) Rossby Numbers
Authors: Thomas Jim , Vishnu R.
Published: October 2022

Oceanic flows are energetically dominated by low vertical modes. However, disturbances in the form of atmospheric storms, eddy interactions with various forms of boundaries, or spontaneous emission by coherent structures can generate weak high-baroclinic modes. The feedback of the low-energy high-baroclinic modes on large-scale energetically dominant low modes may be weak or strong depending on the flow Rossby number. In this paper we study this interaction using an idealized setup by constraining the flow dynamics to a high-energy barotropic mode and a single low-energy high-baroclinic mode. Our investigation points out that at low Rossby numbers the barotropic flow organizes into large-scale coherent vortices via an inverse energy flux while the baroclinic flow accumulates predominantly in anticyclonic barotropic vortices. In contrast, with increasing Rossby number, the baroclinic flow catalyzes a forward flux of barotropic energy. The barotropic coherent vortices decrease in size and number, with a strong preference for cyclonic coherent vortices at higher Rossby numbers. On partitioning the flow domain into strain-dominant and vorticity-dominant regions based on the barotropic flow, we find that at higher Rossby numbers baroclinic flow accumulates in strain-dominant regions, away from vortex cores. Additionally, a major fraction of the forward energy flux of the flow takes place in strain-dominant regions. Overall, one of the key outcomes of this study is the finding that even a low-energy high-baroclinic flow can deplete and dissipate large-scale coherent structures at O(1) Rossby numbers.
Gender Variations and Inequity in Health Care Financing: Evidence from Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nchege Johnson , Okpalaoka Chijindu
Published: October 2022

Health care is central to sustainable development, but it is underfunded in many developing countries such as Nigeria. This study empirically examined gender variations and inequity in health care financing in Southeast Nigeria. To decompose the Gini coefficient and analyze inequity by gender and differences in health care financing among states in the region, Dagum's approach for decomposition of the Gini coefficient is used. Empirical results showed that gender inequity exists in health care financing in Southeast Nigeria. In addition, variations in health care financing inequity among states in the Southeast region were found. Based on the foregoing, the study recommends that when implementing health care financing reforms, different population groups be covered in order to achieve the broader equity and effectiveness goals. Furthermore, governments in various states should step up efforts to assist disadvantaged and oppressed communities, such as poor indigenous people, in terms of health care utilization, which could reduce the health care financing burden.
Sociophonetic Variation and Change in Heritage Languages: Lexical Effects in Heritage Italian Aspiration of Voiceless Stops
Authors: Celata Chiara , Nagy Naomi
Published: October 2022

In a previous study on voiceless stop aspiration in Heritage Calabrian Italian spoken in Toronto, we found that the transmission of a sociophonetic variable differed from cross-generational phonetic variation induced by increased contact with the majority language. Universal phonetic factors and the social characteristics of the speakers appeared to influence contact-induced variation much more straightforwardly than the transmission of the sociophonetic variable. In the current study, we investigate further, examining possible alternative explanations related to the lexical distribution of the aspiration phenomena. We test two alternative hypotheses, the first one predicting that the diffusion of a majority language’s phonetic feature is frequency-driven while change in a sociophonetic feature is not (or not that regularly across generations), and the second one predicting that sociophonetic aspiration decreases across generations by being progressively more dependent on the frequency of lexical items. Our results show that sociophonetic aspiration resists lexicalization and applies to both frequent and infrequent words even in the speech of third-generation speakers. By contrast, the progressive introduction of contact-induced phonetic change is led by high-frequency words. These findings add to the complexity of heritage language phonology by suggesting that the pronunciation features of a heritage language can follow different fates depending on their sociolinguistic roles.
Conceptualising Europe from the far right: The mobilisation of intellectual heritage in Germany
Authors: Volk Sabine
Published: October 2022

Against the backdrop of multiple European crises and the end of the ‘liberal consensus’ on European integration, this article explores the increasing politicisation of ‘Europe’ by the populist far right. As a case study, it focuses on how key far-right actors in Germany deploy a term from the country’s intellectual history, namely the notion of the Abendland (‘Occident’), to construct ‘Europe’ and ‘European civilisation’ according to an exclusionary and populist political agenda. Drawing from the toolboxes of conceptual history and ethnography, the interpretive analysis traces the long-term semiotic shifts of the concepts of Abendland and ‘Europe’ in the context of post-war democratisation, European integration and social liberalisation. Applying a rhetorical lens to original empirical material, the article explains how contemporary far-right players strategically ‘redescribe’ the Abendland to mobilise it in the struggle over the meaning of ‘Europe’.
Agassi’s “Sensationalism” and Popper on the Empirical Basis
Authors: Shearmur Jeremy
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses Agassi’s critique of Popper’s theory of the “empirical basis”. It argues that Popper’s theory should be interpreted with emphasis on its realism and anti-subjectivism, and as stressing a tentative inter-subjective consensus as to what is observed when tests are made. It agrees with Agassi’s critique of “sensationalism”, disagrees that there are residues of “sensationalism” in Popper’s approach, and argues that Popper’s view should be supplemented by a tentative realist metaphysics.
Political Adaptation of Foreign-Born Ethnic Minorities in Britain: The Effects of Pre-Migration Political Learning and Post-Migration Exposure
Authors: Sumino Takanori
Published: October 2022

This article aims to provide additional theoretical insights and empirical evidence for the transferability hypothesis (immigrants’ past political experiences in the origin country affect their subsequent political involvement in the destination country) and the exposure hypothesis (the longer immigrants are in their new land, the more likely they are to adapt their attitudes and behavior to the new political environment). Using data from the Ethnic Minority British Election Study (EMBES), it examines the effects of immigrants’ past political experiences and exposure to the British political system on their confidence in British political institutions. The results show that immigrants from more autocratic countries exhibited greater satisfaction with democracy in the UK than those from more democratic countries but that this relationship gradually diminished as the proportion of life spent in the UK increased. Immigrants from more autocratic origins confronted more severe discontinuities in political systems and expressed disproportionately high levels of confidence in British political institutions. However, these differences in attitudes between immigrants from different systems disappeared over time as immigrants adjusted to the new political environment in Britain. These results suggest that immigrant political adaptation is a “cross-border” interactive process in which immigrants learn to adjust to their new political surroundings by linking their past experiences with their present situation (transferability) and by familiarizing themselves with the new polity (exposure).
Aging together: Dyadic profiles of older couples’ marital quality, psychological well-being, and physical health
Authors: Novak Josh R , Wilson Stephanie J , Ermer Ashley E , Harper James M
Published: October 2022

The current study examined couple-level profiles to reveal systematic patterns of health and well-being in older couples. Using latent profile analysis, dyadic profiles were constructed in a national sample of 535 older, different-sex couples based on couples’ marital quality, psychological well-being, and physical health. Results revealed 4 distinct profiles: Maritally Satisfied and Healthy (63.5%), Maritally Dissatisfied and Moderately Healthy (14.7%), Maritally Satisfied with Unhealthy Wives (12.3%), and Maritally Satisfied with Unhealthy Husbands (9.3%). Husband age and education, wife education, and marriage length were significant predictors of class membership. Within-class partner concordance analyses confirmed that the latter two profiles featured the largest discordance between partners’ health and well-being. Most couples in this sample of older adults belonged to a class who demonstrated successful aging in all domains. A smaller group maintained high marital quality despite physical and psychological difficulties, and other couples were moderately healthy but maritally dissatisfied.
Dying to survive: Ransom piracy and ontologies of death in Coastal Somalia
Authors: Gilmer Brittany , Dewey Susan
Published: October 2022

Interactions between long-term hostages and hostage takers remain undertheorized in criminology, and the present study attempts to fill this gap by utilizing testimonials from long-term hostages held aboard ships. We argue that seafarer hostages’ testimonials depict hijacked vessels as carceral sites that reflect and reproduce the global economic inequalities and racialized patterns of violence undergirding the broader geopolitics of piracy. Utilizing a threefold theoretical framework that unites and builds upon narrative inquiry, narrative criminology and victimology, and thanatopolitics, our analytical energies focus on the centrality of ontologies of death in hostages’ accounts of being held for ransom aboard ships. Our findings emphasize how ontologies of death evident in ransom piracy hostages’ accounts represent the hostage experience as encompassing different states of death, with hostages describing death as a real and ever-present threat that variously encompasses a psychological state of survival, a dehumanizing force, and a disciplinary tactic.
Staff perceptions of organisational performance measurement implementation in a health charity
Authors: Colbran Richard William , Ramsden Robyn , Pepin Genevieve , Toumbourou John W , Stagnitti Karen
Published: October 2022

The non-acute health charity sector forms part of the global health services industry. Organisational Performance Measurement (OPM) is fundamental for modern business to achieve sustained excellence yet is under-utilised by non-acute health charities. The Non-Acute Health Charity Performance Implementation Framework (NCPI Framework) was developed to support non-acute health charities undertaking OPM. A non-acute health charity case study undertook a 12-month OPM implementation process using the NCPI Framework. This study had three aims. Firstly, to understand the perceptions of staff employed by the case study organisation regarding their experience of the 12-month NCPI Framework implementation process, secondly to identify whether an interrelationship existed between the NCPI Framework’s implementation elements and the staff’s perspectives, and thirdly, identify areas of strength and improvement which could enhance the NCPI Framework’s effectiveness. Data were collected post implementation and analysed thematically from open-ended question responses from an anonymous survey and semi-structured interviews. Participants supported the introduction of OPM and valued the NCPI Framework’s structured implementation guidelines. Six interrelated themes were identified: clarity, adaptability, alignment, transparent communication, capability and accountability. Participants suggested adaptations to enhance the NCPI Framework’s impact. A culture aligned with organisational learning was identified as potentially having a positive impact on the NCPI Framework’s implementation. The NCPI Framework may also have relevance and application to the non-profit industry beyond non-acute health care and for use in program development and service quality initiatives.
Path planning and obstacle avoidance of multi-robotic system in static and dynamic environments
Authors: Kumar Saroj , Parhi Dayal R , Muni Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2022

Mobile robots have wide applications in challenging real-world scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to have an advanced controller to control the robotic systems smoothly. An artificial bee colony optimization algorithm and recurrent neural network are combined to develop a hybrid controller and implemented for multi-robotic navigational problems in unknown static and dynamic environments. The designed controller is validated through MATLAB simulations coupled with real-time experiments. Results obtained via both the testing platforms are analysed, and found a good agreement between them as the deviation is less than 5.5%. Further, the developed controller is compared with existing controllers, and improvements of 20%, 10.19%, 13.53% is noted in terms of path length.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as a filler in dental composite: Evaluation of micro-hardness and wear properties
Authors: Kumar Shiv Ranjan , Patnaik Amar
Published: October 2022

The present study focuses on evaluating the role of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the chemical, mechanical and wear properties of polymeric dental composites. MTA was added in the dental composite in the range of 0–9 wt. %. LED light curing was used to fabricate the dental composite sample. The performance was assessed in terms of depth of cure, polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion micro-hardness and wear properties. Wear volume was evaluated using a Dental wear simulator after running 20,000 cycles. The result of the study shows that in dry condition, the wear volume of dental material with 9 wt. % MTA was 56.21% less than that of wear volume of dental material without MTA. In artificial saliva condition, the wear volume of dental material with 9 wt. % MTA was 81.86% less than that of wear volume of dental material without MTA. The micro-hardness of dental composite is increased by 60.7% with the incorporation of 9 wt. % of MTA. It can be concluded that the use of mineral trioxide in dental composite can decrease wear rate and improve life of teeth. Therefore, it can be suggested to use MTA as an alternative of costly nanofiller ingredient in dental composite.
Animal waste powder utilization for Al6061/SiC composite using friction stir processing with scroll shoulder hexagonal tool
Authors: Gupta Prateek , Singh Hari , Kumar Sudhir
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, a lot of animal waste is available in the world. To reduce the number of animal waste particles, it is used as reinforcement, reducing the cost of reinforcement without affecting the present qualities. In this research, AA6061 is used because of its lower weight-to-strength ratio whereas to reduce the cost of reinforcement, chicken bone powder (CBP) with varying percentages (2%, 4%, and 6%) and 2% SiC is used. A hexagonal tool with a scroll shoulder is used for the fabrication of AA6061/SiC/CBP hybrid composite. Microstructural analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fractography analysis, tool analysis, tensile strength, and hardness are used for the analysis of AA6061/SiC/CBP hybrid composite. Microstructural analysis shows that the grain size of SiC and CBP particles is reduced from 40 to 4.6 μm. Homogenous distribution of the reinforcement with no agglomeration is observed in SEM analysis. Fractography shows the presence of dimples and micro-dimples which indicates that tensile strength increases whereas XRD analysis investigates that there are no unwanted contaminants present in the AA6061/SiC/CBP hybrid composite which can be harmful during machining. Tensile strength and hardness of AA6061/SiC/CBP hybrid composite increase up to 29.28% and 18.22%, respectively, on increasing the percentage of chicken bone powder in reinforcement.
Breathing pattern and its evaluation by muscle dynamometer md03
Authors: Malátová R , Bahenský P , Rost M , Marko David
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the proportion of engagements of individual breathing sectors during 1-min physically active breathing at rest in 163 healthy, physically active participants (students of Physical Education and Sport). The research analyzed breathing movements through the muscle dynamometer MD03 (Hitron, Plzeň, Czech Republic). The proportion of engagements of the individual breathing sector in the group analyzed was determined based on measurement results. The lower breathing sector was engaged at 29.2%, the middle breathing sector at 31.0%, and the upper breathing sector at 39.8%. The largest observed difference between the involvement of individual breath sectors was 10.6% between the lower and upper breathing sectors. The muscle dynamometer MD03 may be instrumental for practising both localized breathing and full breath.
Can access to company boards improve transnational employee representation? Insights from employee representation in European Companies
Authors: Rosenbohm Sophie , Kuebart Jennifer
Published: October 2022

Ways of strengthening workers’ voice within multinational companies, especially with regard to cross-border restructuring, have been much discussed in recent years. Research shows that European Works Councils (EWCs) are not always informed and consulted in a timely or comprehensive manner, limiting and sometimes entirely preventing employee representatives from exercising early and coordinated influence at transnational level. Against this backdrop, one might ask whether access to bodies such as supervisory and administrative boards, in which economic and strategic decisions are taken, can make a difference to transnational employee representation. Little is known, however, about how institutions for transnational information and consultation are linked to board-level employee representation. This article aims to fill this research gap by analysing the different modes of horizontal articulation between SE Works Councils and board-level employee representation within European Companies (Societas Europaea). Building on evidence from case studies, we identify a number of different modes of articulation and highlight how articulation rests mainly on and is sustained by the overlapping roles of the individuals involved and the holding of multiple mandates.
Industrial restructuring, spatio-temporal fixes and the financialization of the North European forest industry
Authors: Skyrman Viktor
Published: October 2022

Departing from the Regulation Approach and the concept of spatio-temporal fixes, this article analyses how different mechanisms of financialization have ameliorated and accelerated crisis-tendencies in the North European forest industry and its implications for labour, suppliers and corporate R&D. Although wood products can potentially ameliorate the climate crisis by substituting plastics, petrochemicals, polyester and various other applications from fossils, firms have been slow to advance into these higher value-added segments. Instead, under an increasingly financialized accumulation regime, innovation has been undermined through R&D downsizing while dividends have been increased to shareholders at labour’s expense. Meanwhile, amid ultra-low interest rates, the industry’s profitability has been supported by appreciating forest assets that are increasingly treated as a new financial asset class by the financial sector. Evidently, while some mechanisms of financialization are detrimental to firms, the financialization of forests has constituted a profitability-enhancing socioecological fix (McCarthy, 2015; Ekers & Prudham, 2017) not only for financial capital (Ekers, 2019) but also for non-financial firms themselves. In the long run, however, it is highly uncertain if forest asset prices can be kept from depreciating amid the problems of profitability, weakened ecological carrying capacity, rising interest rates and strained supplier relations.
The Prediction of Brain Activity from Connectivity: Advances and Applications
Authors: Bernstein-Eliav Michal , Tavor Ido
Published: October 2022

The human brain is composed of multiple, discrete, functionally specialized regions that are interconnected to form large-scale distributed networks. Using advanced brain-imaging methods and machine-learning analytical approaches, recent studies have demonstrated that regional brain activity during the performance of various cognitive tasks can be accurately predicted from patterns of task-independent brain connectivity. In this review article, we first present evidence for the predictability of brain activity from structural connectivity (i.e., white matter connections) and functional connectivity (i.e., temporally synchronized task-free activations). We then discuss the implications of such predictions to clinical populations, such as patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders or neurologic diseases, and to the study of brain–behavior associations. We conclude that connectivity may serve as an infrastructure that dictates brain activity, and we pinpoint several open questions and directions for future research.
Promoting Medication Management Skills Among Home Health Occupational Therapists: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Frye Sara Kate , Rushanan Scott G.
Published: October 2022

Medication management is a national patient safety goal for home care practice. Medication management is an occupation within the scope of occupational therapy. Occupational therapists are able to assess and provide intervention for cognitive, visual, motor, process, environmental and personal factors that impact an individual’s ability to manage their medication independently. This quality improvement project describes a program developed to promote medication management competence in occupational therapists practicing in a large, academic home health agency. The quality improvement project consisted of an online module providing education on the Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills (PASS) and a 1-hour training session combining didactic education with case-based learning. Pre-post assessment surveys revealed a 25% increase in perceived medication management competence after the intervention. Occupational therapists identified 4 barriers to medication management practice: role ambiguity, documentation challenges, pharmacology knowledge deficit, and reconciliation process barriers.
Expanding Applicability of Presentations at Public Health Conferences
Authors: Brightharp Courtney L. , Mandelbaum Jennifer
Published: October 2022

As public health practitioners and program evaluators for a state health department, we look forward to public health conferences for the opportunity to hear from leaders in the field and inform our own practice. While we feel that most presentations describe the work and why it matters, many of us leave sessions thinking, “Now what?” In other words, how do we apply what we learned to public health practice? As American Public Health Association (APHA) looks to celebrate its 150th year in 2022, now is an ideal time to focus on expanding the impact of our work. We offer several suggestions for how conference presenters can make their work more applicable to public health practitioners. We ground our recommendations in John Driscoll’s reflective model for health care practitioners. This framework guides the audience through three questions designed to move from a description of what happened (“what?”) to the potential significance of their findings (“so what?”) and finally to the actions we can take as a result (“now what?”). These strategies are meant to help presenters describe processes and implications in addition to outcomes and theory. We hope that public health professionals can continue to look to the APHA Annual Meeting and other public health conferences as not only sources of innovative research but also as forums for practitioners to share the practical applications of their work.
On Digital Reproductive Labor and the “Mother Commodity”
Authors: Ross Lachlan , Craig Lyn
Published: October 2022

Reproductive domestic labor is shifting from its old norm of invisibly creating and maintaining labor power in the highly private and ostensibly non-economic zone of the household. This paper asks whether new forms of complex motherhood, and the means presented to mothers for coping with them in the digital age, should be conceived of as further unpaid labor that sits on top of old forms of exploitation. As mothers increasingly become digital reproductive laborers, the family home is becoming a public and highly economized zone: a workhouse for both standard employers and emerging parties who designate themselves as merely providing online services. In contrast to the frequently posited thesis that mothers are only indirectly drawn into the circuit of capital, this paper argues that the current situation creates the “mother commodity”: a being whose social reproductive labor time is supercommodified via the normative addition of “audience commodity” labor duties.
Does Leader-Follower PsyCap Congruence Cultivate Change-Related Outcomes? A Supervisor-Subordinate Fit Perspective
Authors: Zhu Yu , Tsai Chou-Yu , Wang Yanfei , Guo Zisheng
Published: October 2022

Research shows that follower psychological capital (PsyCap) is essential for positive employee outcomes in organizational change. Nevertheless, scant research has explored the role of a leader's PsyCap in the process of organizational change. Drawing on the person-environment fit literature (specifically, person-supervisor fit theory), this study demonstrates the congruent effects of leader and follower PsyCap on follower change-related outcomes. Results from a three-wave and two-source field survey illustrate that leader-follower PsyCap congruence positively affects follower openness to change. And the high-level leader-follower PsyCap combination has higher follower openness to change than the low-level leader-follower PsyCap combination. Furthermore, we found that follower openness to change mediates the relationship between leader-follower PsyCap congruence and follower change-supportive and creative behaviors. Finally, we explore the moderating effects of salience of change on our proposed model as it is an important contextual factor identified in the prior change literature. Several theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Territorial phantom pains: Third-generation postmemories of territorial changes
Authors: Łukianow Małgorzata , Wells Chloe
Published: October 2022

Forced border changes and population transfers have affected many nation-states. However, memories of these events are usually described as part of a “unique” national memory of cartographic violence, “lost” territories, and victimhood. In popular representations, often reinforced by the personal memories of the wartime resettled, the territories ceded from Poland (Kresy) and Finland (Karelia) to the Soviet Union after World War II are remembered and imagined as “timeless” places which preserve and encapsulate “Polishness” and “Finnishness.” “Territorial phantom pains” is a central framing idea for us. We understand phantom pains as a social emotion related to memories and postmemories that tells members of a community that the body of their nation is not complete without the detached territories. Phantom pains are nostalgic, romanticizing, but also exclusive keeping memories of the territorial loss as not (only) memories of personal loss of home and heimat, but of a national loss.
The autobiographical archive in post-communist Romania: “True” heroes and collective victimization
Authors: Mitroiu Simona , Gradinaru Camelia
Published: October 2022

Considering the emerging field of anti-totalitarian collective memory of communism, this article explores the interplay between the autobiographical archives and the public discourse on memory. It questions the appeal for establishing the “true” history of communism as it is reflected at the autobiographical archive level. Based on Elisabeta Rizea’s relevant case study and using a comprehensive approach addressing the discourse on memory in Romania, the grounding elements of the autobiographical archive are analyzed. Its afterlife is discussed in terms of its reception and through user-generated content specific to online communication platforms. The article argues that while the entanglements between the autobiographical archive and the discourse on memory of the Romanian communist past demonstrate a prevalence of the victimization and heroism narratives, the online engagement indicates both a continuity with these narratives and a (re)working of autobiographical archive in the register of truthfulness and authenticity.
Teachers’ Perceptions of Differentiated Instruction for Academically High-Achieving Secondary School Students in Tanzania
Authors: Milinga Joseph Reginard , Amani Jaquiline , Lyakurwa Suitbert Emil
Published: October 2022

Previous research supporting differentiated instruction (DI) has led to its adoption in different countries as a promising pedagogical framework for addressing diverse learners’ needs. To date, there exists little information on DI from Tanzania especially when competence-based education and inclusion are being embraced. To address this gap, this study explored how Tanzanian teachers perceived DI in their working with academically high-achieving secondary school students. The study was strongly informed by a constructivist research tradition, adopting a multiple case study design. Focus group discussions and interviews were used as data sources and thematically analyzed. The analysis revealed teachers’ limited perceptions of DI, although consonance with the existing literature on DI practices for high-ability learners. After discussing the findings, as conclusion, the article stresses the importance of training teachers on DI to enhance their instructional practices for high-ability learners in Tanzania, along with setting the grounds for future research.
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking of Shiwei Qingwen Decoction Reveal TNF as a Potential Target for Alleviating Mild COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: Yang Chen-xiong , Ma Shang-zhi , Zhang Qian , Guo Shu-yun , Hu Xiao-di , Liu Yan-ju , Wen Li , Zhou Zhong-shi
Published: October 2022

Objective: Shiwei Qingwen decoction (SWQWD) is effective in preventing COVID-19. This study examined the active components of SWQWD and its potential targets for preventing COVID-19. The study used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to verify the role of SWQWD targets through animal experiments and explored the mechanisms that enhance immunity to alleviate mild COVID-19 symptoms. Methods: First, SWQWD- and COVID-19-related targets were retrieved from TCMSP, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. Second, protein–protein interaction networks were established using the String database. The drug active ingredient target network was constructed in Cytoscape to identify the core target proteins. Third, Gene Ontology (GO) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the SWQWD mechanism of action. Finally, the targets were validated by molecular docking in an acute lung injury (ALI) rat model. Results: The SWQWD compound target network contained 79 compounds and 277 targets, coinciding with the 73 targets of COVID-19. The most important gene in the core subnetwork was a tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The 3 most potent compounds, quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin, can enter the active pockets of TNF and have potential therapeutic roles in COVID-19. Conclusion: Quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin in SWQWD may enhance immunity by regulating multiple TNF signal pathways. After administering SWQWD, the content of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ALI rats in comparison to the model group. We believe SWQWD is able to prevent and control COVID-19 through the target of TNF.
Pachymic Acid Inhibits the Migration and Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Luo Yuanyuan , Chu Zewen , Wang Zhefeng , Huang Jiayi , Wang Haibo , Zhu Hong
Published: October 2022

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common cancer of the urinary system. Chinese medicine is being extensively used in the treatment of various cancers. Recent studies found that Poria cocos, a widely used Chinese medicine, has an anti-tumor effect. Pachymic acid (PA) is a triterpenoid compound of P. cocos, and the present study investigated whether PA is a main anti-tumor active ingredient of this fungus. Methods: The effects of PA on cell viability, proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazole bromide, colony formation, cell adhesion, wound healing, and Transwell assays. High-content imaging was used to dynamically observe and verify the inhibitory effect of PA on cell motility, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-related proteins and epithelial–mesenchymal transformation proteins. Result: The in vitro assays demonstrated that PA was able to reduce the viability, proliferation, adhesion number, wound healing rate, and transmembrane number of the RCC cells. In addition, high-intensive imaging indicated that PA shortened the traveling distance and slowed the movement of the RCC cells. Western blots showed that in the PA-treated RCC cells, E-cadherin expression was increased, whereas N-cadherin and Vimentin expression was decreased. Furthermore, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were all decreased by the PA administration. Conclusion: PA inhibited the invasion and metastasis of RCC, and these results suggest that PA may be an effective anti-tumor component of P. cocus.
Reduction Mammoplasty in the Pediatric Population: An Analysis of Pediatric NSQIP Data From 2012 to 2019
Authors: Bien Erica M , Rich Matthew D , Zargari Pedram , Sorenson Thomas J , Barta Ruth J
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Reduction mammoplasty is becoming more commonly performed in the pediatric population yet the risk factors for complications have not been well-studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between preoperative patient characteristics and postoperative complications in a large population of pediatric patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty. Methods: Pediatric patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty were identified within the 2012 to 2019 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for cross-sectional study. The predictor variables were age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, chronic steroid use, time under anesthesia, and operative time, and the primary outcome was a 30-day postoperative surgical site-related complication. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify a relationship between predictor variable and primary outcome. Results: A total of 1216 pediatric patients were identified with a mean age of 16.6 years and mean BMI of 30.8 kg/m2. The incidence of overall postoperative complications was 4.6%. Superficial surgical site infection (SSI) was the most common complication (29/1216; 2.4%). BMI was significantly associated with superficial SSI (odds ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.05, P = .02) . Sixteen patients (1.32%) underwent a second operation, most commonly to address hematoma/seroma (7/16; 43.8%). Conclusion: In a large series of patients, pediatric reduction mammoplasty is a safe procedure with a low complication rate. BMI was significantly associated with the incidence of superficial SSIs with the most common cause for reoperation being a hematoma/seroma. This study can help guide the discussion between physicians and patients regarding potential risks associated with pediatric reduction mammoplasty.
Effects of Joint Immobilization and Treadmill Exercise on Articular Cartilage After ACL Reconstruction in Rats
Authors: Kaneguchi Akinori , Ozawa Junya , Yamaoka Kaoru
Published: October 2022

Background:

The development of osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is an important issue. However, the appropriate rehabilitation protocol to prevent cartilage degeneration due to postoperative osteoarthritis is unclear.

Purpose:

To examine the effects of joint immobilization and treadmill exercise on articular cartilage after ACLR.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 55 rats received unilateral knee ACL transection and reconstruction surgery using tail tendon autografts. After surgery, rats were reared without intervention, with joint immobilization, or with daily treadmill exercise (12 m/minute, 60 minutes/day, 6 days/week). Treadmill exercise was initiated at 3 or 14 days postoperatively. After 2 weeks of immobilization, the fixation device was removed from some of the immobilized rats, and the knee was allowed to move freely for 2 weeks. Untreated, age-matched rats (n = 8) were used as controls. At 2 or 4 weeks after starting the experiment, cartilage degeneration in the medial tibial plateau was histologically assessed using a modified Mankin score, cartilage thickness, chondrocyte density, and immunohistochemistry for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions.

Results:

After ACLR, cartilage degeneration in the anterior region characterized by increased Mankin score, accompanied with increased COX-2 expression, was detected. Joint immobilization after ACLR facilitated cartilage degeneration, which is detected by histological changes such as reductions in cartilage thickness, chondrocyte density, and high Mankin scores. Enhanced COX-2 expression in all degenerated cartilage regions was also detected. It was found that 2 weeks of remobilization could not restore cartilage degeneration induced by 2 weeks of immobilization after ACLR. Treadmill exercise after ACLR did not affect most articular cartilage parameters, regardless of the timing of exercise.

Conclusion:

Our results indicated that (1) immobilization after ACLR accelerates cartilage degeneration, even when applied only for 2 weeks, and (2) mild exercise during early phases after ACLR does not facilitate cartilage degeneration.

Clinical Relevance:

To reduce cartilage degeneration, periods of joint immobilization after ACLR should be minimized. Mild exercise during the early phases after ACLR will not negatively affect articular cartilage.
Corticosteroid-induced remission and mycophenolate maintenance therapy in granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease: long-term, longitudinal change in lung function in a single-centre cohort
Authors: Bintalib Heba M. , Lowe David M. , Mancuso Gaia , Gkrepi Georgia , Seneviratne Suranjith L. , Burns Siobhan O. , Hurst John R.
Published: October 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the response in lung function to different treatment regimens for common variable immunodeficiency patients with granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD).

Method

A longitudinal retrospective cohort study was carried out. Patients were divided into three groups. To assess the response to different treatments, we compared baseline lung function with post-treatment tests.

Results

14 patients with GLILD were included, seven of whom were treated with acute corticosteroids for a mean duration of 132±65 days. Spirometry results were unchanged, but there was a significant improvement in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO)% and transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (KCO)% (median change inDLCO%=7%, p=0.04, andKCO%=13%, p=0.02). Relapse occurred in three out of seven patients. Five patients were treated with long-term mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with/without corticosteroids for a mean duration of 1277±917 days. No changes were found in spirometry; however, there was a significant increase inDLCO% andKCO% (median change in each ofDLCO% andKCO%=10%, p=0.04). Four patients on steroids with MMF successfully weaned the prednisone dose over 12 months. Four patients never received immunosuppression therapy. A significant decline was found in their lung function assessed over 7.5 years. The median reduction in the forced vital capacity (FVC)%, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)% andDLCO% was 15%, 7% and 15%, equivalent to 2%, 1% and 2% per year, respectively.

Conclusion

Corticosteroids improve gas transfer in GLILD, but patients often relapse. The use of MMF was associated with long-term effectiveness in GLILD and permits weaning of corticosteroids. A delay in initiating and continuing maintenance treatment could lead to disease progression.