bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of a newborn with congenital hyperinsulinemia:Case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Meiyu , Yin Qigai , Wang Ying , Wu Yanhui , Yuan Yingdi
Published: December 2023

Background: Congenital hyperinsulinemia (CHI) is a condition characterized by abnormal insulin secretion, primarily responsible for persistent hypoglycemia in infants. This study aims to analyze the diagnosis, treatment, and genetic variations in a newborn affected by congenital hyperinsulinemia (CHI), with the goal of enhancing comprehension and diagnostic accuracy of this condition.
Case summary: We gathered clinical data from a child diagnosed with CHI and conducted whole exome gene sequencing on the child's peripheral blood as well as that of the parents. Genetic tests revealed that the child carried a complex heterozygous mutation in the ABCC8 gene, specifically c.2153G > A (p.Gly718Asp) and c.946G > A (p.Gly316Arg). Both parents were carriers of these two heterozygous mutations. Notably, the c.2153G > A (p. Gly718Asp) mutation had not been previously reported. Initial treatment with diazoxide proved ineffective; however, stable blood glucose control was achieved after combining octreotide with nifedipine.
Conclusion: Hypoglycemia resulting from the complex heterozygous mutations in the ABCC8 gene, specifically c.2153G>A (p.Gly718Asp) and c.946G>A (p.Gly316Arg), can be effectively managed through a combination of octreotide and nifedipine. Genetic testing plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and treatment of CHI, facilitating prompt and targeted intervention.
Probiotic bacteria Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L108 and Lacticaseibacillus delbrueckii R2 increase lifespan and influence the expression of Caenorhabditis elegans longevity genes
Authors: Chelombitskaya Daria , Teperin Alexander , Emelyantsev Sergey , Prazdnova Evgeniya
Published: December 2023

of biology and biotechnology Annotation: Numerous studies have shown that probiotics hold great promise in slowing down the aging process and extending life expectancy. Bacteria of the genus Lacticaseibacillus have been found to possess antioxidant, antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the ability to regulate the expression of genes that control signaling defense mechanisms in model objects. In this study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to investigate the impact of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L108(L.rhamnosus L108) and Lacticaseibacillus delbrueckii R2 on nematode lifespan and the expression levels of genes associated with healthy aging. Our results demonstrate that the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L108 strain exhibits antioxidant properties and increases the average lifespan of nematodes by 15%. Lacticaseibacillus delbrueckii R2 also has a positive effect, extending the lifespan of the worms by 21.4%. Furthermore, analysis of longevity gene expression reveals a correlation between increased lifespan and activation of the insulin/insulin-like factor-1 pathway. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the expression of the skn-1 gene, which encodes antioxidant proteins and enhances the antioxidant response. Our findings suggest that the expression of the skn-1 gene and the transcription factor SKN-1 are associated with activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, it seems that probiotic bacteria Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L108 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii R2 have a positive effect on lifespan due to increased expression of genes that underlie the regulation of conserved signaling pathways related to host defense.
Hypoxia related genes modulate in similar fashion in skin fibroblast cells of yak (Bos grunniens) adapted to high altitude and native cows (Bos indicus) adapted to tropical climate during hypoxia stress
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Sodhi Monika , Sharma Manish , Sharma Vishal , Mukesh M.
Published: December 2023

The present study was conducted to understand transcriptional response of skin fibroblast of yak (Bos grunniens) and cows of Bos indicus origin to hypoxia stress. Six primary fibroblast cell lines derived from three individuals each of Ladakhi yak (Bos grunniens) and Sahiwal cows (Bos indicus) were exposed to low oxygen concentration for a period of 24h, 48h and 72h. The expression of 10 important genes known to regulate hypoxia response such as HIF1A, VEGFA, EPAS1, ATP1A1, GLUT1, HMOX1, ECE1, TNF-A, GPx and SOD were evaluated in fibroblast cells of Ladakhi yak (LAY-Fb) and Sahiwal cows (SAC-Fb) during pre- and post-hypoxia stress. A panel of 10 reference genes (GAPDH, RPL4, EEF1A1, RPS9, HPRT1, UXT, RPS23, B2M, RPS15, ACTB) were also evaluated for their expression stability to perform accurate normalization. The expression of HIF1A was significantly (p < 0.05) induced in both LAY-Fb (2.29-fold) and SAC-Fb (2.07-fold) after 24h of hypoxia stress. The angiogenic (VEGFA), metabolic (GLUT1) and antioxidant genes (SOD and GPx) were also induced after 24h of hypoxia stress. However, EPAS1 and ATP1A1 induced significantly (p < 0.05) after 48h whereas, ECE1 expression induced significantly (p < 0.05) at 72h after exposure to hypoxia. The TNF-alpha which is a pro-inflammatory gene induced significantly (p < 0.05) at 24h in SAC-Fb and at 72h in LAY-Fb. The induction of hypoxia associated genes indicated the utility of skin derived fibroblast as cellular model to evaluate transcriptome signatures post hypoxia stress in populations adapted to diverse altitudes.
Direct observation of space charge layers at oxide grain boundaries
Authors: Toyama Satoko , Seki Takehito , Feng Bin , Ikuhara Yuichi , Shibata Naoya
Published: December 2023

Space charge layers (SCLs) formed at grain boundaries (GBs) are considered to critically influence the properties of polycrystalline materials such as ion conductivities. Despite the extensive researches on this issue, the presence of GB SCLs and their relationship with GB orientations, atomic-scale structures and impurity/solute segregation behaviors remain controversial, primarily due to the difficulties in directly observing charge distribution at GBs. In this study, we directly observe electric field distribution across the well-defined yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) GBs by tilt-scan averaged differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. Our observation clearly reveals the existence of SCLs across the YSZ GBs with nanometer precision, which are significantly varied depending on the GB orientations and the resultant core atomic structures. Moreover, the magnitude of SCLs show a strong correlation with yttrium segregation amounts. This study provides critical insights into the complex interplay between SCLs, orientations, atomic structures and segregation of GBs in ionic crystals.
Exploring the Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Literacy: A scoping review
Authors: Patiño-Palma Brayan Esneider , Gómez-Rodas Alejandro , Claros Armando Vidarte
Published: December 2023

Materials and Methods
The study adopted a scoping review approach in order to explore and synthesise the existing scientific literature on the relationship between physical literacy and cardiorespiratory fitness. This methodological approach was selected because of its efficency in quickly gathering and mapping relevant information, following the recommendations of the PRISMA standard for scoping review.
Results
Preliminary findings from this research indicate that there is a dynamic and close interaction between physical literacy and cardiorespiratory fitness. This relationship highlights the holistic nature of physical literacy, whereby knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to physical activity are closely linked and intertwined with cardiorespiratory health. Conclussions: This cycle generates positive outcomes, as physical literacy encourages and inspires individuals to engage in sustainable physical activity.
Forest and forestry in Gondär, (Ethiopia) from 1938 to 1991: utilization, opportunities and constraints
Authors: Derso Tesfamichael
Published: December 2023

Recent investigations on man’s interaction with the natural environment try to show the long-term environmental shift and the challenges faced by people in the respective areas. One of the big issues in the course of the environmental theme of Ethiopia in the sub region of Amhara, Gondär, is the study of forest and forestry. Although there is no study of the different government policies and gradual historical variation of forest and its management in Gondär, from the Italian occupation to the downfall of the socialist government in Ethiopia in 1991, the forest passed several ups and downs, just like human political history. Reforestation and deforestation were the fates of forests interchangeable in Gondär. This essay’s objectives are to review forest and forestry from a historical perspective from 1938 to the 1990s, to equate and counterpoint different governmental decrees on the forest, and to examine socio-economic and environmental opportunities and the constraints they faced for the people of the study area. This study implies a qualitative approach to data gathering. In this regard, both primary and secondary data sources were utilized. It tried to dig out the neglected course of the town’s environmental history. Therefore, it’s believed that the study adds knowledge and understanding about forests and forestry in Gondär and can be a source for future researchers on the topic under study.
Choice and Determinants of Delivery Mode in Pregnant Women with One Cesarean Scar: A Cross-Sectional Study in Two Urban Ugandan Public Hospitals
Authors: Nabawanuka Brenda , Ngabirano Tom , Nankumbi Joyce
Published: December 2023

Background
The number of caesarian sections among women with a previous scar has continued to increase in Uganda. Such women can opt for a trial of labor, and the success rate for spontaneous vaginal delivery is 60–80%. This study assessed the choice and determinants of delivery mode among pregnant women with one cesarean scar.
Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among pregnant women who were attending antenatal care in two public hospitals in Uganda. A total of 169 pregnant women with one previous cesarean scar and a nonrecurring indication for cesarean section were consecutively recruited into the study. A modified Poisson regression was performed to identify factors associated with the preferred choice of mode of delivery.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 28 (4.88) years. Out of 169 women, the majority 137 (81%) preferred a trial of labor. Mothers who preferred to have more than four children were more likely to opt for a trial of labor (aPVR = 0.27, CI;1.01–1.49, p = 0.009). Mothers who were concerned about the cost associated with cesarean section were more likely to choose a trial of labor (aPVR = 1.2, CI;1.01–1.49, p = 0.03), and mothers who perceived that a cesarean section affects body image (aPVR = 3.06, CI;1.39–6.75, p = 0.03) and being employed (aPVR = 0.84, CI:0.74–0.96, p = 0.01) were more likely to prefer a cesarean section.
Conclusion
Trial of labor after cesarean remains the preferred choice of delivery among women. The desire to have more children and concern about medical expenses increased the likelihood of having a vaginal birth preference. Women with body image concerns and being employed increased the likelihood of a caesarian section preference. It is recommended to consider a trial of labor after cesarean section for all women with nonrecurring indications for cesarean section. Empowering women through health education on the risks and benefits of cesarean section helps them make an informed choice.
Cryptic diploid lineage of Betula ermanii at its southern boundary populations in Japan
Authors: Aihara Takaki , Araki Kyoko , Tsumura Yoshihiko
Published: December 2023

Polyploidy is thought to enable species diversification and adaptation to extreme environments. Resolving the ecological differences between a taxon’s ploidy levels would therefore provide important insights into local adaptation and speciation. The genus Betula includes many polyploids, but estimates of their phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history are uncertain because of cryptic lineages and species. As one of the southern boundary populations of Betula ermanii in Japan has been shown to have distinctive genetic characteristics and traits, the differences in ploidy levels between three southern boundary and various other Japanese B. ermanii populations were investigated using flow cytometry. Leaf and seed morphologies were also compared. Apart from individuals in southern boundary populations, all those sampled were tetraploid. Individuals from the southern boundary populations were mostly diploid, apart from a few from lower altitude Shikoku populations, which were tetraploid. Leaf and seed morphologies differed between tetraploids and diploids. Diploid individuals were characterized by leaves with a heart-shaped base and many leaf teeth, and seeds with relatively longer wings. The diploid populations could be considered a cryptic relict lineage of B. ermanii, and there is a possibility that this lineage is a diploid ancestor of B. ermanii and a relict population of the Sohayaki element. Further investigation of the Japanese Betula phylogenetic relationships would enable an informed discussion of taxonomic revisions.
Effect of olfactory stimulation from aromatherapy on the autonomic nervous activity during aerobic exercises
Authors: Okada Katsuki , Shimatani Koji
Published: December 2023

Variations in the autonomic nervous system activity during exercise therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases may lead to adverse events. Aromatherapy may reduce these adverse events by enhancing parasympathetic nervous activity (PNA). However, the effects of aromatherapy during exercise remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy on autonomic nervous activity and cardiorespiratory parameters during exercise and recovery. This randomized crossover study included 20 healthy men subjected to both aroma and placebo conditions which involved rest and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer, followed by recovery. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices and cardiorespiratory parameters were measured during the rest, exercise, and recovery phases. Moreover, aroma preferences and emotional changes in response to the aroma were assessed. Under the placebo condition, high frequency (HF), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) indices, and heart rate (HR) showed delayed recovery (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was identified between aroma preference, pleasant emotions induced by aromatherapy, and the HF index (P < 0.05). These results indicate that aromatherapy facilitates the recovery of PNA after exercise. Furthermore, these effects were more pronounced among individuals who exhibited a stronger preference for and more positive emotions toward aromas.
Integrating Molecular Graphs and Fingerprints through Contrastive Learning for Enhanced Molecular Property Prediction
Authors: Long Wei , Ci Lei , Hu Linxi , Xu Jiahao , Peng Sihua , Jiang Linhua
Published: December 2023

The molecular structure is closely linked to its properties. While graph representations of molecules have become popular due to the non-Euclidean nature of compound structures, they may not encompass as rich semantic information as molecular sequence representations. This can lead to potential conflicts in semantic features between different representations within neural networks. To address this issue, we propose a contrastive learning framework that combines molecular graphs with molecular fingerprints. Firstly, we employ clustering algorithms to group molecules and obtain cluster centers. Subsequently, we utilize these cluster centers for contrastive learning, allowing the model to learn molecular structural information on unlabeled data. Additionally, we introduce a self-attention mechanism during the graph pooling process to selectively extract graph features. Experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves an average improvement of 2.04% in ROC-AUC over the previous state-of-the-art models in molecular property classification tasks, validating the effectiveness of our computational framework.
Enhancing Economic/Environmental Dispatch using NS-MJPSO(loc): A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach with Improved Pareto-Optimal Solutions
Authors: Rahman Izaz Ur , Khalil Muhammad Ilyas Khan , Zakarya Muhammad , Zia Ashraf , Khan Ayaz Ali , Qazani Mohammad Reza Chalak , Al-Bahri Mahmood , Haleem Muhammad
Published: December 2023

This work applies the recently developed n th state Markovian jumping particle swarm optimisation algorithm with local search (NS-MJPSOloc) awareness method to address the economic/environmental dispatch (EED) problem. The proposed approach, known as the Non-dominated Sorting Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimisation with Local Best (NS-MJPSOloc), aims to enhance the performance of the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm in multi-objective optimisation problems. This is achieved by redefining the concept of best local candidates within the search space of the multi-objective optimisation. Economic dispatch refers to the systematic allocation of available power resources in order to fulfil all relevant limitations and effectively meet the demand for electricity at the lowest possible operating cost. As a result of heightened public consciousness regarding environmental pollution and the implementation of clean air amendments, nations worldwide have compelled utilities to adapt their operational practises in order to comply with environmental regulations. The (NS-MJPSOloc) approach has been utilised for the resolution of the EED problem, including cost and emission objectives that are not commensurable. Multiple optimisation iterations of the suggested methodology have been conducted on a conventional test setup. The objective of economic dispatch is to minimise the overall expenditure on fuel, without taking into account any limitations related to emissions. The emission dispatch prioritises the reduction of emissions without taking into account economic considerations. The findings illustrate the efficacy of the suggested (NS-MJPSOloc) approach in producing a collection of Pareto-optimal solutions that are evenly dispersed within a single iteration. The comparison of several approaches reveals the higher performance of the suggested (NS-MJPSOloc) in terms of the diversity of the Pareto-optimal solutions achieved. In addition, a measure of solution quality based on Pareto optimality has been incorporated. The findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed (NS-MJPSOloc) approach in addressing the multi-objective EED issue and generating a trade-off solution that is both optimal and of high quality.
Can DNA barcoding reveal predatory mites for biological control against redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor?
Authors: Kang Holly Hyojung , Hoffmann Ary A. , Arthur Aston L. , Seeman Owen D. , Carew Melissa E.
Published: December 2023

Predatory mites have potential to provide biocontrol against invertebrate pasture and crop pests. However, more information is needed on which species are effective as predators of agricultural pest species in a field setting. This study uses DNA barcodes to investigate species diversity of predatory mites associated with the redlegged earth mite (RLEM), Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Trombidiformes; Penthaleidae), a major Australian pasture and crop pest. We also use DNA barcodes to investigate whether these predatory mites ingest RLEM or other invertebrates. Predatory mites from the family Bdellidae were the dominant group across collection sites in southern Australia. DNA barcodes were linked to taxonomic identifications and showed all Bdellidae were from a single genus, Odontoscirus. Barcode diversity was high, particularly at sites from Victoria, Australia. Most species barcodes were not found in published DNA sequence databases. There was little evidence predatory mites frequently fed on RLEM; only three individuals from the Bdellidae species Odontoscirus (Bdelloides) lapidaria (Kramer) (< 2% of Bdellidae predatory mites surveyed) showe evidence of ingesting RLEM, and Collembola formed the main dietary component detected. This study highlights predatory mite biodiversity as revealed by DNA barcoding and the potential use of barcodes in assessing dietary preferences of different mite species under field conditions.
Infrared spectra of the main optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films
Authors: Strugariu Laura Maria , Șerban Sorina Gabriela , Berdie Antonia Maria , Jitian Simion
Published: December 2023

Infrared spectra are presented for the main optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) films. They are obtained from the complex permittivity using the Drude-Lorentz model for permittivity. This approach is original in obtaining the permittivity and then in obtaining the main optical properties of the polymer film. Classical dispersion analysis of the reflection-absorption spectrum of poly(methyl methacrylate) films cast on the metal mirror was used. Subsequently, the complex electric modulus, energy loss function, optical constants, absorption coefficient, penetration depth, dissipation factor, and complex optical conductivity were obtained from the complex permittivity.
Arias intensity Macrozonation and the effect of shear wave velocity on its propagation Case Study of Khoy region
Authors: Dogahe Mohammadreza Javadi , Akasheh Bahram , Pourkermani Mohsen , Gheytanchi Mohammadreza , Dorostian Arezo
Published: December 2023

Earthquakes are one of the natural hazards that have caused many casualties and financial losses around the world. This is why earthquake risk analysis studies need to be conducted more seriously. Iran is located in one of the seismogenic regions of the world, the Himalayan-Alpine belt, which is subject to many earthquakes every year. The Arias intensity, as one of the important seismic parameters, helps in seismic hazard analysis, and can be used to estimate structural performance, slope stability, and liquefaction during an earthquake. In this study, the tectonics and seismotectonics of the region of Khoy in northwestern Iran were investigated, and the location of future earthquake was determined. Next, Arias intensity’s maps ​​for return periods of 475, 975 and 2475 years were prepared. The effect of shear wave velocity (Vs30) was also considered during the analyses. The most dangerous area, who’s located at one of future earthquake locations, and also has the potential of resonance and liquefaction, is the northeast of the Salmas fault. Evidently, other than the distance from the fault, the intensity of the earthquake is affected by changes in Vs30. It means, in some cases, at more distant points from the seismic source, the intensity even increases. This shows the importance of the effects of geological conditions on the estimation of intensity.
A large non-parasitic population of Savalia savaglia (Bertoloni, 1819) in the Boka Kotorska Bay (Montenegro)
Authors: Canessa Martina , Trainito Egidio , Bavestrello Giorgio , Petović Slavica , Đorđević Nikola , Mačić Vesna
Published: December 2023

The golden coral Savalia savaglia is a long living ecosystem engineer of the Mediterranean circalittoral assemblages, able to induce necrosis of gorgonians and black corals coenenchyme and grow on their cleaned organic skeleton. Despite its rarity, in Boka Kotorska Bay (Montenegro) a shallow population of more than 1000 colonies was recorded close to underwater freshwater springs, which create very peculiar environmental conditions. In this context, the species was extremely abundant in two sites, while gorgonians were rare. The abundance and size of S. savaglia colonies and the diversity of the entire benthic assemblage were investigated by photographic sampling in a depth range of 0–35 m. Several living fragments of S. savaglia spread on the sea floor and small settled colonies (< 5 cm height) suggested a high incidence of asexual reproduction and a non-parasitic behaviour of this population. This was confirmed by studying thin sections of the basal portion of the trunk lacking the central core due to the remains of the gorgonian host skeleton. The S. savaglia population of Boka Kotorska Bay forms the unique Mediterranean animal forest of the species. Recent important mitigation measures of anthropogenic impact are now temporary and minimal. Therefore, establishing an MPA is strongly recommended.
Arthroscopic modified trans-osseous rotator cuff repair using the giant needle technique and racking hitch knot
Authors: Hafez Moustafa Raafat Mahmoud , Shewy Mohamed Taha El , El-Singergy Abdel Aziz , Hashem Moataz Osama , Zawam Sherif Hamdy
Published: December 2023

Purpose
This study analyzed the midterm functional outcomes of arthroscopic trans-osseous (TO) rotator cuff repair using special needles called giant needles. The aim of revisiting and modifying a previously described technique is to facilitate the passage of the giant needle, making it easier, and more reliable. We also enhanced the repair construct by passing the sutures through the tendon in a separate step and applying a strong racking hitch knot.
Methods
Sixty-two patients (41 females and 21 males with a mean age of 55.16 years) underwent arthroscopic TO rotator cuff repair for symptomatic full-thickness tears. Pre- and post-operative pain severity, the Constant Shoulder (CS) score of the affected shoulders and the subjective value of the shoulders (SSV) were recorded. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.
Results
The mean pain severity improved from 8.61 preoperatively to 1.73 after two years of surgery. Similarly, the mean preoperative CS score and SSV improved from 41.29 to 88.72 and from 42.85–92.15%, respectively. We recorded two cases with postoperative stiffness and two other cases underwent arthroscopic revision of rotator repair due to traumatic cuff re-tears.
Conclusion
The trans-osseous modified technique with giant needle is a reliable, and safe technique yielding satisfactory midterm outcome scores. This technique combines the minimal invasive advantage of arthroscopic procedures with the cost-effectiveness and biomechanical advantages of the open TO procedures. Further comparative studies are recommended to support our results.
Determinants of Gender Preferences at the Presidential, Parliamentary, Assembly Member, and Unit Committee Member Elections in Ghana
Authors: Dary Stanley Kojo , Yendaw Elijah , Abubakari Kabiru , Abdul-Aziz Suleman
Published: December 2023

The study examines the determinants of gender preferences in representative democratic elections at the presidential, parliamentary, assembly member, and unit committee member levels in Ghana. The study uses the Ghana Living Standards Survey (Round 7) dataset with 13,833 observations. Multinomial Probit (MNP), Heckman Probit, and Binary Probit estimation techniques were employed in the analysis. The study finds that gender preferences of Ghanaian voters in elections are higher at the lower levels of elections and lower at the higher levels of elections. That is, gender preferences increase as one moves from presidential to parliamentary, assembly, and unit committee-level elections. At all levels of elections, voters prefer their own-gender candidates. Other factors found to be significantly associated with gender preferences in elections at various levels are age, religion, literacy status, rally attendance, and location (rural/urban). The study is unique to the extent that it examines gender preferences at all levels of elections in Ghana, which has not been done in previous studies. Policies that focus on reducing gender affinity and encouraging voting based on the abilities of candidates are essential. In general, policies aimed at reducing gender preferences in elections should focus on the correlates of gender preferences identified in this study.
Performance Experiment of Ultra high Temperature Cementing Slurry System
Authors: Zou Qiang , Chen Xu , Zhong Shiming , Yi Dan , Liu Liankai
Published: December 2023

The continuous development of oil and gas exploration and development to deep and ultra deep wells in China, the formation temperature is also getting higher and higher, which has brought huge problems to the drilling and completion work. When the formation temperature is higher than 180 ℃, the cementing operation is defined as ultra-high temperature cementing. The working condition of ultra-high temperature cementing is complex, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance of cementing cement slurry. Cementing cement slurry should not only meet the requirements of high temperature thickening time, but also maintain a certain slurry stability and mechanical strength under high temperature conditions to improve the cementing quality. With the increasing number of ultra deep wells and ultra-high temperature wells, ultra-high temperature has put forward higher requirements for the temperature resistance of cement slurry. In order to solve this problem, based on the requirements of ultra-high temperature cementing operation on the performance of cement slurry, this paper configures high-temperature resistant fluid loss reducer DRF-1S, high-temperature resistant retarder DRH-2L and other supporting high-temperature resistant cement additives to form ultra-high temperature conventional density cement slurry, and carries out indoor test research to evaluate the settlement stability, water loss performance, thickening performance and mechanical performance of ultra-high temperature cement slurry, An ultra-high temperature cementing slurry system is established for oil and gas well cementing. The research results show that: based on the design idea of high temperature cement slurry system, fluid loss additive DRF-1S, retarder DRH-2L, stabilizer DRK-3L, anti fading agent DRB-3S, etc. have been developed under high temperature conditions. Strength tests of cement pastes with different silica sand dosage have been carried out, and the optimal dosage of silica sand is determined to be 50%; The conventional density cement slurry system with fluid loss reducer DRF-1S and retarder DRH-2L as the main agents can meet the cementing needs under the high temperature conditions of 180 ~ 210 ℃, and achieve a new breakthrough in the high-temperature resistance of cement slurry. At the same time, the API water loss of cement slurry is controlled within 100mL, the thickening time can be adjusted, and the high-temperature settlement stability is less than 0.04g/cm3; The anti decay material DRB-3S ensures that the 28d compressive strength of the water debris at 210 ℃ is higher than 50MPa, effectively solving the problem of the compressive strength decline of the cement paste at ultra-high temperatures. The cementing quality of the cement slurry is high, providing technical support for the exploration and development of cementing. The research results provide theoretical data support for ultra-high temperature cement slurry cementing technology.
VI-NeRF-SLAM: A Real-time Visual-Inertial SLAM with NeRF Mapping
Authors: Liao DaoQing , Ai Wei
Published: December 2023

In numerous robotic and autonomous driving tasks, traditional visual SLAM algorithms estimate the camera's position in a scene through sparse feature points and express the map by estimating the depth of sparse point clouds. However,practical applications require SLAM to create dense maps in real-time, overcoming the sparsity and occlusion issues of point clouds. Furthermore,it is advantageous for SLAM map to possess an auto-completion capability, where the map can automatically infer and complete the remaining 20% when the camera observes only 80% of an object. Therefore, a more dense and intelligent map representation is needed. In this paper, we propose a Visual-Inertial SLAM with Neural Radiance Fields reconstruction to address the aforementioned challenges. We integrate traditional rule-based optimization with NeRF. This approach allows for the real-time update of NeRF local functions by rapidly estimating camera motion and sparse feature point depths to reconstruct 3D scenes. To achieve better camera poses and globally consistent map, we address the issue of IMU noise spikes resulting from rapid motion changes, along with handling pose adjustments due to loop closure fusion. Specifically, we employ a form of widening the static noise covariance to refit the dynamic noise covariance. During loop closure fusion, we treat the pose adjustment between pre- and post- loop closure as a spatiotemporal transformation, migrating NeRF parameters from pre- to post- to expedite loop closure adjustments in NeRF mapping. Moreover, we extend this method to scenarios with only grayscale images. By expanding the color channels of grayscale images and conducting linear spatial mapping, we can rapidly reconstruct 3D scenes with only grayscale images. We demonstrate the precision and speed advantages of our method in both RGB and grayscale scenes.
A cross-sectional study of the association of hyperuricemia and sarcopenia in Chinese adults using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Luo Kang , Xia Wenjing , Zhang Yingxiao , Yu Jing , Shu Yue , Yang Hong , Zhou Min , Chen Pan , Xiao Qian
Published: December 2023

Background
Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and systemic skeletal muscle disorder, leading to accelerated loss of muscle mass and function. It is associated with adverse outcomes such as falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia involves oxidative stress and uric acid (UA), a crucial antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals and plays a vital role in maintaining stability against oxidative stress. The present study investigated the correlation between hyperuricemia and sarcopenia in Chinese individuals aged 45 and above, with a particular focus on age-related differences. The analysis was conducted using nationally representative data.
Methods
The present study involved 11,048 participants of the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The associations between sarcopenia (including its components) and hyperuricemia were evaluated using binary logistic and linear regression models. After dividing the participants into two subgroups—those aged 45–65 and those aged 65 and older—and conducting subgroup analysis, prospective age-related variations were investigated more deeply.
Results
In the overall population, adjusted analyses revealed an inverse relationship between sarcopenia and hyperuricemia. The prevalence of this phenomenon was particularly notable within the demographic of adults aged 65 years and older. The results of the linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between hyperuricemia and hand grip strength (HGS), including in the 45−65 age bracket. Furthermore, this study found a positive correlation between hyperuricemia and skeletal muscle index (SMI) among the population aged 45 and older.
Conclusion
The results indicated a noteworthy correlation between hyperuricemia and elevated muscle mass with HGS among Chinese individuals aged 45 years and above. Elevated levels of blood uric acid may potentially exert a safeguarding influence against the onset of sarcopenia, particularly in individuals aged 65 years and above.
Cretaceous to Early Paleogene Evolutionary Records of the Paleo-Kuril Arc: Sediment Provenance Transition from Continental to Magmatic Arc Systems
Authors: Harisma Harisma , Sota Niki , Hirata Takafumi , Naruse Hajime
Published: December 2023

Unraveling the Paleo-Kuril Arc's (PKA) origins is key to understanding northwest Pacific tectonics. The PKA is viewed as an intraoceanic arc from trench subduction between the Izanagi and Pacific Plates. Alternatively, several studies suggest the PKA as a continental magmatic arc, hypothesizing the existence of a mid-oceanic ridge and Paleogene subduction, placing the PKA near the Okhotsk Block's southern edge. This study clarifies these hypotheses, previously clouded by limited geochronological data on deposits in the PKA. We conducted U-Pb dating to examine the origins of detrital zircons from the Cretaceous-Paleogene Tokoro and Nemuro Belts of the PKA. Cluster analysis, merging new and existing data, identified two unique detrital zircon age clusters. The abundance of Precambrian zircons in Cretaceous-Paleocene PKA sandstones (Type 1 Cluster) suggests a continental magmatic origin, supporting the ridge subduction model. However, an early Eocene shift to a consistent local volcanic source (Type 2 Cluster) highlights a significant provenance change. This geochronological evidence, indicating a separation from continental sources, calls for further research to decode the simultaneous development of sediment sources in different geological belts, potentially tied to the ridge subduction event.
Individual, host-vector interactions and environmental risk factors for Plasmodium knowlesi malaria among at-risk communities in Peninsular Malaysia: A case-control study
Authors: Pasi Hafizah , Mohamad Emma , Azlan Arina Anis , Hamzah Mohammad Rezal , Sulong Mohd Rahim , Isa Affendi , Genapathy Sivasangari , Damanhuri Hazwani
Published: December 2023

The uncertainties surrounding P. knowlesi’s ability to be zoonotic have caused it to be “left out”. Highlighting the individual, host-vector interactions and environmental risk factors for this disease were consequential towards more focused and effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to identify the individual, host-vector interactions, and environmental risk factors for P. knowlesi malaria among at-risk communities in Peninsular Malaysia. A case-control study was conducted involving laboratory-confirmed cases of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria, registered and notified to the online vector disease reporting system, Vekpro Online System, and primarily resided in the study areas for a minimum of three weeks. A locality-matched individual with no history of fever and tested negative for malaria through blood slide and polymerase chain reaction, PCR of the same duration was taken as control. Univariate and multiple logistic regression was applied to evaluate the potential individual, host-vector interactions, and environmental risk factors for knowlesi malaria among respondents using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Results showed notably higher cases among males as compared to females (76.1% versus 23.9%). Multiple logistics regression analysis showed being male is 3.51 higher risk (p values < 0.001) to become a case. Respondents whose place of work or study is near the forest edge have 44.0% lower risk (p = 0.030), while those living in the Orang Asli village was 56.0% lower risk as compared to the organized village to become a case (p-value 0.035). These findings demonstrated that gender emerges as an independent individual risk factor, while residing near a forest edge, living in an Orang Asli village, or occupying a brick or wooden workers' longhouse situated in hilly areas reduces the interactions between hosts and vectors, thereby lowering the environmental risk. These attested to different views and approaches aimed at mitigating the risk of knowlesi malaria within this specific population. Thus, all relevant agencies must consider alternative directions in addressing the known risk factors associated with this type of malaria by acknowledging that a one-size-fits-all approach cannot be universally applied, but rather the design of prevention and control programs should be tailored to the unique characteristics of each population.
Follow-up study of a Colombian family with a novel MEN1 variant and rare ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Riaño-Moreno Julián C. , González-Clavijo Angélica María , Torres-Jara William C. , Medina-Boada Vilma L. , Romero-Rojas Alfredo Ernesto , Vieda-Celemin Isabella , Avila-Moya Jordan A. , Baron-Cardona Johan A. , Bravo-Patiño Juan P. , Torres-Zambrano Oscar S. , Fierro-Maya Luis Felipe
Published: December 2023

Purpose This article reports on a 12-year follow-up of a Colombian family with a novel MEN1 gene variant (c.698dup, p.Met233IlefsTer4), identified through cascade genetic screening. The index case involved a rare type of tumor, an ACTH-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.Methods The index case underwent MEN1 testing after presenting with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and hyperparathyroidism. Cascade genetic screening of relatives revealed four additional carriers. Biochemical and imaging surveillance was conducted as per clinical guidelines.Results All affected family members first showed signs of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in their 20s to 50s. Notably, the index case developed a rare type of tumor known as ACTH-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, which, to our knowledge, is the first instance reported in a MEN1-affected family. Due to proactive screening, pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) were identified as microadenomas in two carriers.Conclusion This study demonstrates the value of cascade screening for early diagnosis and tailored management in MEN1 families. It also reports a unique ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma in MEN1. Systematic documentation of cases is critical to elucidating geographical and phenotypic variation and devising genotype-based management approaches.
Knowledge and Willingness Towards Corneal Donation: Medical verses Social Science Students in Wolkite University, South-West Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Temesgen Teka , Teshome Addisu Worku
Published: December 2023

Background
Corneal blindness is the cause of 4.9 bilateral blind persons globally and accounts for 19.3% of blind patients in Ethiopia. As a result, corneal transplant demand is anticipated to be significant. Despite the significance of corneal donation, there is a scarcity of corneal tissue. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and willingness to donate corneas among both medical and social science students, as there is a lack of data on how their differing characteristics may influence awareness and willingness.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on medical and social science students at Wolkite University, southwest Ethiopia. Using stratified random sampling, data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, were employed to compare the differences between medical and social science students in terms of their willingness and knowledge of corneal donation.
Results
The study had 200 medical and 210 social science students with response rates of 96% and 73% respectively. Most participants (72.7%) were aged 21–25, and 69.0% were male. The findings show similar cornea donation willingness between medical (47.5%) and social science students (52.9%).The medical student group showed varied knowledge levels: 22.0% good, 26.5% moderate, and 21.5% poor. Among social science students, 32.4% had moderate knowledge, and 67.6% had poor knowledge. Knowledge improves as students progress (p = 0.034).
Conclusions
The study found a similar level of willingness to donate corneal among both medical and social science students. However, there are notable differences in knowledge levels between the two groups. Medical students demonstrated varying levels of knowledge, with a significant proportion having poor knowledge. Social science students also had a high percentage of poor knowledge about corneal donation. The results emphasize the necessity for targeted awareness campaigns among university students to increase corneal donation willingness.
Caldomycin, a new guanidopolyamine produced by a novel agmatine homocoupling enzyme involved in homospermidine biosynthesis
Authors: Kobayashi Teruyuki , Sakamoto Akihiko , Hisano Tamao , Kashiwagi Keiko , Igarashi Kazuei , Takao Koichi , Uemura Takeshi , Furuchi Takemitsu , Sugita Yoshiaki , Moriya Toshiyuki , Oshima Tairo , Terui Yusuke
Published: December 2023

An extreme thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus produces more than 20 unusual polyamines, but their biosynthetic pathways, including homospermidine, are not yet fully understood. Two types of homospermidine synthases have been identified in plants and bacteria, which use spermidine and putrescine or two molecules of putrescine as substrates. However, homospermidine synthases with such substrate specificity have not been identified in T. thermophilus. Here we identified a novel agmatine homocoupling enzyme that is involved in homospermidine biosynthesis in T. thermophilus. The reaction mechanism is different from that of a previously described homospermidine synthase, and involves conjugation of two molecules of agmatine, which produces a diamidino derivative of homospermidine (caldomycin) as an immediate precursor of homospermidine. We conclude that there is a homospermidine biosynthetic pathway from agmatine via caldomycin synthase followed by ureohydrolase in T. thermophilus. Furthermore, it is shown that caldomycin is a novel compound existing in nature.
The Employment Effect of the Customised Care Service for Community Dwelling Elderly in South Korea: An Input-Output Model Analysis of Secondary Data
Authors: Kwon Hyunjeong
Published: December 2023

Background
Given the increasing focus on ageing in place (AIP), the importance of caring for older individuals living alone is rising. In Korea, the government has reformed community care services by integrating the previously separated social, health and support services into a single service and expanding its coverage.
Methods
An input-output analysis was employed to estimate the employment effect of the newly integrated community care service policy targeting older people living alone.
Results
The customised care service for the elderly generated a total of 77.8 employments per 1 billion KRW. Among them, the direct employment effect was 47.5 persons, and the indirect employment effect was 30.3 persons for every 1 billion KRW. Notably, the total employment effect of the customised care service for the elderly policy in Korea is 6.0 times higher compared to the health care and social work industry sector and 10.5 times higher compared to all industries.
Conclusion
The customised care service for the elderly not only meets the care needs of elderly individuals residing in the local community but has also proven to be a highly effective initiative in creating employment opportunities for middle-aged women who have been marginalised in the workforce. However, beneath the quantitative employment effects, challenges such as low wages and job insecurity highlight the need for policy alternatives to address the underlying issue of insufficient improvement in working conditions.