bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced quantum efficiency and Purcell factor of incoherent light-emitting source modulators coupled with nanoantennas: DDA modeling and optimization
Authors: da Mota A. F. , Mosallaei H.
Published: November 2022

Gated tunable materials-based devices have proven efficient structures to dynamically control quantum emitters’ (QEs) photonic density of states. The active permittivity control enabled by these materials allows manipulating the coupling and dissipation of evanescent modes radiated by the QE, hence controlling the emission parameters. In this sense, we propose here the design and optimization of a plasmonic device coupled with nanoantennas capable of dynamically manipulating the QEs’ emission at visible wavelengths using a thin gated doped titanium nitrate layer. We explore the use of metallic cubic and bow-tie antennas and study their unique characteristics related to enhancing the QEs’ emission. For the nanoantenna geometrical parameters optimization, we propose a discrete-dipole-approximation (DDA) method to accurately calculate all the radiation parameters of a QE embedded in a layered medium coupled to a nanoantenna. This technique allows calculating the decay behavior of QEs arbitrarily distributed, which is only feasible with knowledge of the Purcell factor and quantum efficiency mapped for all possible positions, easily achieved with the proposed model. We show that by employing the proposed DDA, the time required for optimizing and building those maps to evaluate the device’s response is drastically reduced (98%) compared to conventional numerical techniques. Using the DDA to optimize the antenna allowed the device’s quantum efficiency to be enhanced from 1.8% (no nanoantenna) to 8% and 10.5% using the cubic and bow-tie nanoantenna, respectively. In addition, the nanoantenna helps decrease the QE lifetime by a factor of approximately 2, allowing faster modulation speeds. Finally, our modeling and findings can be used to pave the way for the design of new gated optical modulators coupled with nanoantennas for applications that require amplitude modulation.
Chiral Photonics : Linear , Nonlinear Optical and Magneto-optic Effects in Chiral Media
Authors: Prasad Paras N.
Published: November 2022

Our theory-guided-design and synthesis of novel chiral polymers with very large optical rotation and nonlinear chiro-optic effects will be presented along with our recent reports of plasmonic, excitonic and structural enhancement of linear and nonlinear optical activity.
Spectroscopy Study in Styryl Imidazo[4,5-b]Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Pelosi André Gasparotto , Zucolotto Cocca Leandro H. , Piguel Sandrine , De Boni Leonardo , Mendonça Cleber R.
Published: November 2022

A study of two-photon absorption cross-section (2PACS) in imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines grafted to different groups was done. A 2PACS of around 150 GM and 10 GM was observed at 540 nm and 700 nm, respectively.
Photosensitizing Potential of Baccharis trimera and Alpinia zerumbet Extracts in the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Ramos Letícia Francine Silva , de Oliveira Mota Cláudia Cristina Brainer , Nascimento Patrícia Lins Azevedo do
Published: November 2022

To determine minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanol extracts different concentrations were used. A 23 factorial design was applied to photodynamic therapy. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity and it was potentiated by the laser light source.
Open Source Electronic Platforms and 3D Printing for Microscopy: a Cost-effective Approach
Authors: Silva Alejandro , Alonso Julia R.
Published: November 2022

In this work we present an overview of open source 3D printing for microscopy and discuss how its versatility and customizability can make it a reasonable alternative to expensive and black box commercial microscopes.
Real-time Air Quality Monitoring Using Optical Sensors to Prevent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS)
Authors: Bezerra Arthur Andrade , Santos Davi Henrique dos , Gonçalves Luiz Marcos Garcia
Published: November 2022

This work presents the development, test, and validation of a system that gathers and analyses data from optical sensors to monitor the air quality of indoor environments to help prevent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS).
Single-beam technique based on nonlinear ellipse rotation measurements for ultrashort pulse characterization
Authors: Moysés R. M. , Barbano E. C. , Misoguti L.
Published: November 2022

We found that the nonlinear refractive index measured by nonlinear-ellipse-rotation in thick sample can be used for ultrafast pulse width and chirp determination. The material’s dispersion value is used as a reference for this measurement.
Multiphoton imaging in cancer biopsies
Authors: Reis Luana A. , Gomes Egleidson F. A. , Paranhos Giovanna , Garcia Ana P. V. , Cassali Geovanni D. , Longford Francis G. J. , Frey Jeremy G. , de Paula Ana M.
Published: November 2022

We show results of multiphoton imaging by second harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy to characterise biological tissue, that together with an image analysis software and machine learning techniques provides an optical tool to help with cancer diagnostic.
Determination of Parameters for Micromachining of Microfluidic Mixers with Complex Geometry in Glass Using ultra-short laser pulse
Authors: Gomes Antonio Arleques , Vianna Ardson dos Santos , de Arruda Morreira Gregori , Landufo Eduardo , Samad Ricardo Elgul , Bernardes Emerson Soares , de Rossi Wagner
Published: November 2022

Femtosecond laser micromachining was adopted to make a glass mixer with complex geometry. This special design promotes more efficient mixing in microreactor with gas-liquid flux at low flow rates, compared to conventional serpentine mixers.
Microstructure and plasma ignition in laser surface hardened AISI 4130 steel substrates
Authors: Furlani Matheus R. , Carvalho Sheila M. , Lima Milton S.F.
Published: November 2022

This contribution aims to determine the final microstructure and plasma ignition during a given laser surface treatment (LST) with or without a carbon coating.
Coupling Efficiency of Radial Whispering Gallery Modes via Finite-Element Simulation
Authors: Couto Filipe A. , Tomazio Nathália Beretta , Mendonça Cleber Renato
Published: November 2022

Through finite-element simulations, we studied the individual coupling efficiency for radial orders of whispering gallery mode resonances in a cylindrical resonator, with respect to the absorption losses in the host material.
localization of light: a power sensing tool
Authors: Jiménez-Villar Ernesto , Wetter Niklaus U. , Dipold Jessica , Marques Francisco. C.
Published: November 2022

Localization of light induced by correlation in the scatterers’ positions is achieved in an ordered photonic colloidal (TiO2@Silica) suspension. A strongly enhanced light-matter coupling is observed as the concentration of TiO2@Silica is increased above threshold.
Impact of Digital Backpropagation in ultrawideband transmission systems
Authors: Paz Esteban , Saavedra Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Ultrawideband transmission can provide increased capacity in single-mode fiber links. Stimulated Raman scattering emerges as a critical effect to manage in such systems. Here we discuss the impact of digital backpropagation in ultrawideband systems.
Hyperspectral microscopy of two-dimensional semiconductors
Authors: Trovatello C. , Genco A. , Cruciano C. , Ardini B. , Li Q. , Zhu X. , Valentini G. , Cerullo G. , Manzoni C.
Published: November 2022

We present wide-field hyperspectral microscopy images of photoluminescence from two-dimensional semiconductors. The microscope exploits Fourier-transform spectroscopy and uses a common-path birefringent interferometer. Our hyperspectral microscope is a fast tool to characterize 2D materials.
Spatial self-phase modulation of optical vortex beams in liquid suspensions of 2D materials and organic solvents
Authors: Campos Cecília L. A. V. , Bautista Jessica E. Q. , Amaral Anderson M. , de Araújo Cid B. , Jawaid Ali M. , Vaia Richard A. , Gomes Anderson S. L.
Published: November 2022

We investigate the physical mechanism responsible for spatial self-phase modulation of optical vortex beams after interaction with suspensions of 2D transition metal dichalco-genides and organic solvents in different spectral regions, showing its origin is thermal.
Effects of Core Localization on the Nonlinear Optical Properties of CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rod Nanostructures
Authors: Cotrino J. , Nagamine G. , Almeida D. B. , Kim D. , Bae W. K. , Lee D. C. , Padilha L. A.
Published: November 2022

The influence of core position and band alignment on the nonlinear optical response of CdSe/CdS Dot-in-Rod heterostructures is investigated in this work. Briefly, we show that it is possible to control the magnitude of the two-photon absorption in these nanostructures by simply changing the core size and its position within the nanorod.
Saturable Absorption Characterization in Mono- to Few-Layers Graphene and Bulk ReS2 With an Automated Balanced Photodetectors Setup
Authors: Rosa Henrique G. , Steinberg D. , de Freitas Filipe P. R. , de Souza E. A. Thoroh
Published: November 2022

We report the saturable absorption characterization of mono- to few-layers graphene and bulk exfoliated ReS2 flakes fiber samples, using an automated balanced photodetectors setup and a 150-fs 1560-nm fiber laser.
Dual-channel full-field OCT using carrier multiplexing
Authors: Valente Denise , Vienola Kari V. , Zawadzkiand Robert J. , Jonnal Ravi S.
Published: November 2022

A dual-channel FF-OCT was implemented using carrier modulation. This can be used to inspect the scattered light of the sample, such as its spectrum, polarization, or directionality. The latter was explored in this work.
Hyperspectral scanning of single-microparticle upconverting thermometers
Authors: Pessoa Allison R. , Galindo Jefferson A. O. , Serge-Correales York E. , Amaral Anderson M. , Ribeiro Sidney J. L. , de S. Menezes Leonardo
Published: November 2022

We employed hyperspectral imaging with nanometric spatial resolution in single NaYF4: Yb3+/Er3+ microcrystals to resolve spatially the luminescence spectrum and to study the temperature distribution at the diffraction limit.
Photophoretic Asymmetry Factor of On-Axis Non-Diffracting Frozen Waves and Dielectric Micro-Spheres
Authors: Maia Ana Victória Araújo , Rocha Beatriz Helena Dias , Ambrosio Leonardo André
Published: November 2022

Photophoretic asymmetry factors are theoretically investigated for on-axis nondiffracting frozen waves illuminating rigid dielectric micro-spheres using the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. The ability to exert positive or negative photophoretic forces is considered for optical trapping applications.
Microcontroller-based nanothermometer with a single nitrogen-vacancy defect in a nanodiamond
Authors: Galindo Jefferson A. O. , Pessoa Allison R. , Amaral Anderson M. , de S. Menezes Leonardo
Published: November 2022

In this work, the characterization of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) defects in nanodiamonds as luminescent nanothermometers is performed. A microcontroller-based system is used to monitor the temperature of a sample using a nanothermometer, reinforcing the multisensing capability of the NV-.
Simulation of a Laser Wakefield Accelerator in Downramp Injection Regime Suitable for High Repetition Rates
Authors: Maldonado Edison Puig , Samad Ricardo Elgul , Zuffi Armando Valter Felicio , Vieira Nilson Dias
Published: November 2022

We discuss the results of simulating a laser wakefield accelerator in the 50 MeV range suitable for repetition rates > 10 Hz using commercial lasers and compare with other approaches for this purpose.
Fragile Topology in Triangular Photonic Crystals
Authors: Silva Daniel Borges , Bezerra Claudionor Gomes , de Oliveira Costa Carlos Humberto , de Carvalho Bruno Ricardo
Published: November 2022

In this work, we propose a 2D topological photonic system of Si rods by using a simple geometric perturbation. We obtained two phases, type A and type B, which are topological and trivial, respectively.
Bimodal Treatment for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Combining Optical and Gamma Radiation
Authors: Silva Camila Ramos , Ribeiro Martha Simoes
Published: November 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer is resistant to chemo and radiation therapy. Light-based technologies have been reported as promising allies to cancer treatment. Herein, we combined photodynamic and gamma therapies to verify their potential to treat TNBC.
68% slope efficiency Nd:YLF laser with 91 W of peak power
Authors: Prado Felipe Maia , de Almeida Vieira Tarcio , Wetter Niklaus Ursus
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate two highly efficient Nd:YLiF4 lasers, achieving the highest efficiencies for Nd:YLF side-pumped at 800 nm.
Femtosecond Production of Gold Nanoparticles Suitable for Nanobrachytherapy
Authors: Machado Noé Gabriel Pinheiro , Rosero Wilmmer Alexander Arcos , de Rossi Wagner , Raele Marcus Paulo
Published: November 2022

The present work approaches the production of AuNPs through femtosecond laser ablation of a solid in a liquid media. Aiming at oncological applications, the stabilization of the colloidal solution was performed with non-cytotoxic material.
Two - photon Brightness is increased in push-pull purines nucleobases
Authors: Zucolotto Cocca Leandro H. , Pelosi André G. , Piguel Sandrine , Mendonça Cleber Renato , De Boni Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, purines nucleobases have received great attention owing their capacity to be employed as fluorescent bioprobes for nucleic acid spectroscopic studies. Here we determine the fluorescence quantum yield and two-photon brightness in four purines nucleobases.
Autler-Townes Splitting in a Doppler-Broadened Four-Wave Mixing: Theoretical Results
Authors: de Souza M. P. M. , de Almeida A. A. C. , Vianna S. S.
Published: November 2022

We present theoretical results on the forward four-wave mixing in Doppler-broadened media. Our results reveal an Autler-Townes splitting in the nonlinear signal re-gardless of which input field, strong or weak, is scanned.
Modeling four-dimensional metamaterials: a T-matrix approach to describe time-varying metasurfaces
Authors: Garg Puneet , Lamprianidis Aristeidis G. , Beutel Dominik , Karamanos Theodosios , Verfürth Barbara , Rockstuhl Carsten
Published: November 2022

Exploring the interaction of light with materials periodically structured in space and time is intellectually rewarding and, simultaneously, a computational challenge. Appropriate computational tools are urgently needed to explore how such upcoming photonic materials can control light on demand. Here, we introduce a semi-analytical approach based on the transition matrix (also known as T-matrix) to analyze the optical response of a spatiotemporal metasurface. The metasurface consists of a periodic arrangement of time-varying scattering particles. In our approach, we depart from an individual scatterer’s T-matrix to construct the effective T-matrix of the metasurface. From that effective T-matrix, all observable properties can reliably be predicted. We verify our semi-analytical approach with full-wave numerical simulations. We demonstrate a speed-up with our approach by a factor of more than 500 compared to a finite-element simulation. Finally, we exemplify our approach by studying the effect of time modulation on a Huygens’ metasurface and discuss some emerging observable features.
Flexible Integration of 3D Optical Resonators inside Fibers
Authors: Yang Shuo , Homa Daniel , Pickrell Gary , Wang Anbo
Published: November 2022

We report a flexible method to integrate 3D optical resonators inside optical fibers. A prism-coupled cylindrical resonator and a free-space-coupled asymmetric resonator cavity are demonstrated in optical fibers with a quality factor up to 3.53×105.
Twenty-fold Enlargement of QDAS Bandwidth Utilizing Orthogonal Codes on the Same Carrier
Authors: Deng Ziwen , Xu Ruobing , Wang Yuyao , Jiang Jialin , Wang Zinan
Published: November 2022

With orthogonal codes on the same carrier as the probing signal, the scan-rate of quasi-distributed acoustic sensing system is enlarged by 20 times, with 10 kHz sensing bandwidth on 99.4 km sensing fiber.
Precision Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Isotope Ratio and Ammonia based on Photo-thermal Spectroscopy in a Hollow-Core Fiber
Authors: Jiang Shoulin , Chen Feifan , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying , Ho Hoi Lut , Jin Wei
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate a hollow-core fiber photo-thermal gas sensor at 2 μm which is capable of detection carbon dioxide isotope ratio with precision of 0.38‰ and ammonia with detection limit of 4.6 ppb.
Experience from Long-term Monitoring of Subsea Cables using Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Waagaard Ole Henrik , Morten Jan Petter , Rønnekleiv Erlend , Bjørnstad Steinar
Published: November 2022

A 92 km section of a subsea telecom cable has been monitored using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) throughout one year. Real-time processing detects cable threats from bottom-trawl fishing and ship anchoring, and we analyze seismic events including a magnitude 1.0 earthquake.
EDF Laser-Based Strain Sensor Using Cascaded-Chirped Long-Period Fiber Grating in Sigma-Type Laser Cavity
Authors: Fukushima Koken , Okano Makoto , Wada Atsushi , Tanaka Satoshi , Ito Fumihiko
Published: November 2022

An EDF-sigma laser for a strain sensor is devised using a double-pass cascaded-chirped LPG with a polarization compensation effect. In the experiment, the stable measurements and sensor operations with suppression of polarization-induced fluctuations are demonstrated.
Quasi-distributed Vibration Analysis of a Cantilever Beam Using OFDR and Weak Reflectors
Authors: Leandro Daniel , Zhu Mengshi , Wada Daichi , Kasai Tokio , Igawa Hirotaka , Lopez-Amo Manuel , Murayama Hideaki
Published: November 2022

This work evaluates the performance of a quasi-distributed in-line velocimeter based on OFDR and weak reflectors to measure vibration every 10 cm, using a cantilever beam under free-end damping and during an impact-hammer test.
Closed-loop technique using gain balance for fast Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Correa-Mena Ana Gabriela , Yang Zhisheng , Sauser Florian , Le Floch Sébastien , Thévenaz Luc
Published: November 2022

A closed-loop servo control based on the gain ratio of two probing frequencies is proposed for fast BOTDA, where the feedback is independent of probe and pump loss, making it robust in harsh environment.
Machine learning method of phase extraction in distributed acoustic sensing scheme based on optical frequency domain reflectometry
Authors: Aitkulov Arman , Palmieri Luca , Chiuso Alessandro , Galtarossa Andrea
Published: November 2022

The paper describes the use of machine learning to enhance the extraction of phase information from a distributed acoustic sensor based on optical frequency domain reflectometry. RMSE reduction by about 5 dB is reported.
Integration Method of Fabrication and Packaging of Long Period Fiber Gratings Based on Composite Material
Authors: Mai Jiancong , Zhu Pingyu , Lu Huanlang , Zhang Shuai , Soto Marcelo A.
Published: November 2022

A method to fabricate and package long period fiber gratings using glass fiber-reinforced composites is proposed. Experimental results validate the capabilities of the manufactured sensor to measure lateral pressure applied to the optical fiber.
Dense Fiber Bragg Gratings Array Inscription During Fiber Drawing Process
Authors: Dudoux Bertrand , Monteville Achille , Landais David , Legoffic Olivier , Provino Laurent
Published: November 2022

We report in the present paper the manufacturing of dense Fiber Bragg Grating Arrays directly during the fiber drawing with a spacing down to 150µm and global regularity of ± 50µm.
Incorporating pulse compression into complementary frequency approach in FDM-based sampling-rate-enhanced Φ-OTDR distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Wakisaka Yoshifumi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Ishimaru Takahiro , Iida Daisuke , Koshikiya Yusuke
Published: November 2022

We observe the waveform distortion in FDM-based sampling-rate-enhanced Φ -OTDR with pulse compression for the first time. We demonstrate that our complementary frequency approach is compatible and effective in suppressing the waveform distortion.
Distributed acoustic sensing with linear phase measurement at 49.1 km by dual-pulse φ-OTDR
Authors: Yildiz Muhammed Kaan , Uyar Faruk , Kartaloglu Tolga , Ozbay Ekmel , Ozdur Ibrahim
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the performance of dual-pulse φ-OTDR system at nearby and far-away distances, i.e. at 1.2 km and 49.1 km, in detecting and linearly retrieving the acoustic signal with proper dual-pulse probe lengths.
Thin–Film–Modified Optical Fiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer for Refractive Index Sensing
Authors: Burnat Dariusz , Kochanowska Olga , Sezemsky Petr , Stranak Vitezslav , Koba Marcin , Śmietana Mateusz
Published: November 2022

A sensor formed on the fiber tip by deposition of two films showing high-refractive-index contrast results in well-defined reflection minimum shifting in wavelength independently as a response to refractive index change and film growth.
Magnetic Sensor Based on Terfenol-D Materials and a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Lou Minggan , Huang Wenzhu , Li Huicong , Wu Qiong
Published: November 2022

A fiber magnetic sensor based on terfenol-D materials and a mach-zehnder interferometer is proposed and experimentally tested. The terfenol-D is coupled with an arm of the interferometer.
Integrable Architecture for Time expanded Phase-sensitive OTDR based on PRBS
Authors: Preciado-Garbayo Javier , Soriano-Amat Miguel , Sevillano Pascual , Izquierdo David , Martins Hugo F. , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel , Fernández-Ruiz María R. , Martínez Juan J.
Published: November 2022

Low-cost, integrable PRBS boards are used for generating the dual frequency combs in a portable time-expanded phase-sensitive-OTDR. A spatial resolution <2 cm is achieved over hundreds of meter of fiber with 3 Hz acoustic sampling.
Forward Brillouin Point Sensor in a Multi-Core Fiber
Authors: Shemer Keren , Bashan Gil , Zehavi Elad , Diamandi Hilel Hagai , Bernstein Alon , Sharma Kavita , London Yosef , Barrera David , Sales Salvador , Zadok Avi
Published: November 2022

Forward Brillouin point sensing is demonstrated in a multi-core fiber. Acoustic waves are stimulated by light in one core and monitored using a grating in another. Measurements distinguish between ethanol and water outside the cladding.
Optical Fiber Sensor for the Detection of Decarboxylation Products of Amino Acids
Authors: Vasconcelos Helena , de Almeida José M. M. M. , Mendes João , Dias Bernardo , Jorge Pedro A. S. , Saraiva Cristina , Coelho Luís C. C.
Published: November 2022

Long period fiber gratings coated with TiO2 and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA), a polymeric structure permeable biogenic amines found in foodstuff, were used to detect these compounds through the wavelength shift of its attenuation band.
Optical fiber Meta-tips as valuable platforms for enhanced biological sensing
Authors: Vaiano P. , Quero G. , Spaziani S. , Micco A. , Principe M. , Consales M. , Cusano A.
Published: November 2022

Here we report on a novel biosensing platform based on the integration of a plasmonic metasurface on the optical fiber tip, able to detect biomolecular interactions with very high sensitivity.
Modal Distribution in Polymer Optical Fibers as Sensor for Load Monitoring in Semi-Structural Adhesive Bonds
Authors: Engelbrecht R. , Rostan K. , Weiland J. , Luber M. , Schiebahn A. , Reisgen U.
Published: November 2022

PMMA polymer optical fibers embedded in semi-structural polyurethane adhesive bonds serve as economical load sensor for structural health monitoring by evaluating load-dependent optical transmission as well as modal distribution measured by a far-field camera. Scaling of sensor quantities by the sensitive fiber length is shown.
Induction and monitoring of spectroelectrochemical processes with a lossy-mode resonance probe
Authors: Lechowicz Katarzyna , Warszewski Jakub , Pituła Emil , Koba Marcin , Śmietana Mateusz
Published: November 2022

A sensing system with indium tin oxide-based lossy-mode resonance optical fiber sensors as a working electrode inducing spectroelectrochemical interactions and additionally capable for optical monitoring of electrochemical processes is reported.
Strain transfer modeling of distributed optical fiber sensors under any arbitrary strain distribution: a general solution
Authors: Chapeleau Xavier
Published: November 2022

This paper is concerned with the strain transfer modeling of distributed optical fiber sensors. A general solution describing the strain transfer for any arbitrary strain distribution is introduced. Then, experimental results of validation are presented.
Leakage detection at a borehole simulator using distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Lu Xin , Schukar Marcus , Weege Sebastian , Roske Thomas , Krebber Katerina
Published: November 2022

A distributed acoustic sensing system is used to detect the leakage in a borehole simulator by measuring the leakage induced vibration. The leakage location can be clearly determined by frequency spectrum analysis.
Low-noise φ-OTDR for Distributed Acoustic Sensing of a Survey Well
Authors: Rossi L. , Cheng L. K. , De Jong W. , Jansen R. , Bolognini G.
Published: November 2022

A low-noise φ-OTDR sensor is implemented as a distributed acoustic sensing system for monitoring a survey well in Cottessen. The characterization shows strain noise levels below 1 nε for a 10 kHz sampling rate.
Distributed multi-parameter sensor for Impact wave detection in I-Steel beam structure
Authors: Wang Yuan , Tatel Gerard , Tovar Pedro , Chen Chen , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: November 2022

A distributed multi-parameter sensor for acoustic wave, dynamic strain and static strain sensing is demonstrated on weak FBG array fiber. Time dependent impact response of I-steel beam is successfully detected with high accuracy at 1kHz.
Fluorescence based Polymer Optical Fiber Cortisol Sensor for Aquaculture
Authors: Semwal Vivek , Højgaard Jonas , Møller Emil , Janting Jakob
Published: November 2022

Our aim is an efficient online cortisol sensor for aquaculture. We present a polymer optical fiber sensor design for cortisol using a competitive assay consisting of fluorophore tagged cortisol and a cortisol aptamer.
Dynamic Strain Measurements on Spallation Neutron Targets Using Distributed Fiber Sensor
Authors: Zhao Kehao , Li Yuqi , Jiang Hao , Sangrey Robert L. , Liu Yun , Winder Drew E. , Barbier Charlotte , Chen Kevin P.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents dynamic strain measurements of a target in the Spallation Neutron Source facility during proton bombardments using multiplexable fiber Bragg gratings and intrinsic Fabry–Pérot interferometer sensor arrays.
Fiber optic hydrophones for geophysical and volcanological monitoring
Authors: Janneh M. , Bruno F. A. , Guardato S. , Donnarumma G. P. , Iannaccone G. , Gruca G. , Werzinger S. , Gunda A. , Rijnveld N. , Cutolo A. , Pisco M. , Cusano A.
Published: November 2022

Here, we report on the development and field test of a fiber optic seismic hydrophone. The sensing configuration exploits a fiber coil interferometer in Michelson configuration, wrapped around a sensitive composite cylinder. The materials and the size of the hydrophone were selected by numerical analysis in order to offer performance suitable to operate with resolution down to the sea state zero in underwater environments. The sensing system was integrated in the seismological monitoring system of the Campi Flegrei caldera. During the field trials, we detected several earthquakes occurred in the area and compared the results with a reference piezoelectric hydrophone. The seismic sequence was used to retrieve the sensor responsivity in the frequency range 1-80Hz. The sensing system exhibited a responsivity of about -300nm/Pa and an average noise floor level down to 100µPa/√Hz. The reported field trial demonstrated the capability of optical fiber hydrophones to operate for geophysical and volcanological monitoring.
Electrical potential sensing with fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated lossy-mode resonance probe
Authors: Śmietana Mateusz , Janczuk-Richter Marta , Sezemsky Petr , Stranak Vitezslav , Koba Marcin , Niedziółka-Jönsson Joanna
Published: November 2022

Optical fiber probe based on fluorine-doped tin oxide thin film has been applied for electric potential measurements in electrochemical configuration. The sensitivity reaches up to 35 nm/V in potential range -0.6 V to 0.6 V.
Thermal Analysis of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ during Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy with FDTD method
Authors: Escobar B. Perez , Patiño G. , Adriano R.
Published: November 2022

In this work, the thermal effects of doses in a ductal carcinoma in situ exposed to photothermal therapy are analyzed by FDTD, in order to have a dose analyzer software.
Brillouin gain spectrum in 98 mol% Germania-doped few-mode fiber for multi-parameter sensing
Authors: Xu Pengbai , Wang Xiaolong , Peng Yihao , Wen Kunhua , Dong Yongkang , Dong Xinyong , Yang Jun , Qin Yuwen
Published: November 2022

we investigated the Brillouin gain spectrum of 98 mol% Germania-doped few-mode fiber (FMF), and characterized its coefficients of temperature, strain and curvature, which are largely suppressed in contrast to those of standard FMF, respectively.
Hermetic Fiber Sensor Packaging through Pressure Boundary for Harsh Environment Applications
Authors: Zhong Shuda , Zhao Kehao , Fan Zhichun , Jingyu Wu , Li Yuqi , Wang Qirui , Chen Kevin P.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a hermetic fiber sensor packaging technique using glass sealants through pressure boundaries for harsh environment applications. The embedded fiber sensors are leak-proof at 1MPa at temperatures up to 220oC.
Fiber-optic Temperature Sensor based on Cholesteric Liquid Crystals using 1250 nm band, >220 nm Wideband Wavelength-swept Laser
Authors: Ahn Soyeon , Lee Gi Hyen , Kim Yeong Seo , Kim Min Su , Kim Ji Su , Choi Byeong Kwon , Pagidi Srinivas , Jeon Min Yong
Published: November 2022

We present a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC)-based optical fiber temperature sensor using a 1250 nm band wavelength-swept laser (WSL). The WSL is implemented using two semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) with different center wavelengths connected in parallel in the form of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in a laser resonator. At 3.6 kHz scanning frequency, the 10 dB bandwidth was about 223 nm from 1129 nm to 1352 nm. As the temperature of the CLC cell increased, the long-wavelength edge of the reflection band shifted to shorter wavelengths. The relationship between the temperature change and the central wavelength change of the reflection band was obtained to be almost linear.
A biocompatible hydrogel-coated fiber-optic probe for monitoring pH dynamics in brains of freely moving mice
Authors: Zhou Bingqian , Fan Kuikui , Kong Lingjie
Published: November 2022

The pH dynamics in the brain microenvironment is related to a variety of brain diseases, so it is critical to develop pH probes with great efficiency for in vivo detection of brain. Here, we report a biocompatible hydrogel-coated fiber optic probe (HCFOP) for monitoring pH dynamics in the brains of freely-moving mice. The novel pH probe was prepared by combining hydrogel coated silica multimode fiber with pH-sensitive microspheres embedded in hydrogel fiber, and the pH calibration is based on fluorescence ratio detection. The sensor has a dynamic range of pH from 3.0 to 9.0, and a resolution of 0.0014 pH units with good reproducibility, reversibility, and time stability. We tested the capability of our proposed sensor in dynamically detecting pH in the brains of free moving mice, and the biocompatibility for long-term implantation. We implanted the fiber-optic probes into the striatum and hippocampus of mouse brains. During cerebral ischemia, we detected a decrease in pH of about 0.5 after ~15 mins. During epilepsy induced by kanic acid (KA), we found that pH in the hippocampus decreased by about 0.2 after ~80 mins, in relation to the dynamical concentrations of adenosine. This biofriendly and easy-to-manufacture HCFOP provides a unique solution for assessing small changes in the pH of the brain microenvironment, thus holds great promises in neuroscience study.
All-fiber nonvolatile optical switch
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jin Wei , Liu Shuai , Chen Jiming , Cheng Siying , Zhang Yaxun , Liu Zhihai , Zhang Jianzhong , Yuan Libo
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate a nonvolatile multilevel optical switch used by GST integrated on a graded-index multimode fiber. This optical switch works by the crystalline state and the amorphous state of the GST. The present experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of 11 multilevel states in the field of optical fibers commonly used in communications.
Frequency conversion in pressurized hydrogen
Authors: Aghababaei Alireza , Biesek Christoph , Vewinger Frank , Stellmer Simon
Published: November 2022

State-preserving frequency conversion in the optical domain is a necessary component in many configurations of quantum information processing and communication. Thus far, nonlinear crystals are used for this purpose. Here, we report on an approach based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) in a dense molecular hydrogen gas. This four-wave mixing process sidesteps the limitations imposed by crystal properties, it is intrinsically broadband and does not generate an undesired background. We demonstrate this method by converting photons from 434 nm to 370 nm and show that their polarization is preserved.
Toward Lighter, Thinner AR/VR Systems
Authors: Lu Lu , Masood Taha , Silverstein Barry
Published: November 2022

Liquid-crystal polarization holograms promise to transform
head-mounted displays.
Did Leonardo da Vinci Invent the Telescope?
Authors: Bettini Alessandro
Published: November 2022

An analysis of one of the Italian master’s
early-16th-century notebooks suggests that his experiments may
have extended to combining lenses to achieve a better view of the
moon.
Adverse effects of ayahuasca: Results from the Global Ayahuasca Survey
Authors: Bouso José Carlos , Andión Óscar , Sarris Jerome J. , Scheidegger Milan , Tófoli Luís Fernando , Opaleye Emérita Sátiro , Schubert Violeta , Perkins Daniel
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Ayahuasca is a plant-based decoction native to Amazonia, where it has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Contemporary ritual use of ayahuasca has been expanding throughout the world for mental health purposes, and for spiritual and personal growth. Although researchers have been conducting clinical trials and observational studies reporting medical and psychological benefits, most of these do not report ayahuasca’s immediate or medium-term adverse effects, so these are underrepresented in the literature. With the expansion of ayahuasca ceremonies from their traditional contexts to countries around the world, there is an important public health question regarding the risk/benefit balance of its use.

Methods

We used data from an online Global Ayahuasca Survey (n = 10,836) collected between 2017 and 2019 involving participants from more than 50 countries. Principal component analysis was performed to assess group effects. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for adverse effects associated with history of ayahuasca use, clinical, context of use and spiritual effect variables.

Results

Acute physical health adverse effects (primarily vomiting) were reported by 69.9% of the sample, with 2.3% reporting the need for subsequent medical attention. Adverse mental health effects in the weeks or months following consumption were reported by 55.9% of the sample, however, around 88% considered such mental health effects as part of a positive process of growth or integration. Around 12% sought professional support for these effects. Physical adverse effects were related to older age at initial use of ayahuasca, having a physical health condition, higher lifetime and last year ayahuasca use, having a previous substance use disorder diagnosis, and taking ayahuasca in a non-supervised context. Mental health adverse effects were positively associated with anxiety disorders; physical health conditions; and the strength of the acute spiritual experience; and negatively associated with consumption in religious settings.

Conclusions

While there is a high rate of adverse physical effects and challenging psychological effects from using ayahuasca, they are not generally severe, and most ayahuasca ceremony attendees continue to attend ceremonies, suggesting they perceive the benefits as outweighing any adverse effects. Knowing what variables might predict eventual adverse effects may serve in screening of, or providing additional support for, vulnerable subjects. Improved understanding of the ayahuasca risk/benefit balance can also assist policy makers in decisions regarding potential regulation and public health responses.
Feeling low and unhappy together? An actor-partner-interdependence model uncovering the linkage between different operationalizations of relationship quality and depression in different-sex couples
Authors: Aguilar-Raab Corina , Winter Friederike , Jarczok Marc N. , Ditzen Beate , Warth Marco
Published: November 2022

Some studies suggest a bi-directional association between low relationship quality and depression. However, the social impact of depression and the potential preventative effects of healthy relationships are not yet sufficiently understood, as studies have shown heterogenous results for effects in both directions. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to differentiate the actor and partner effects of this association more comprehensively using two measures to capture characteristics of relationship quality–firstly regarding general aspects of social system quality and secondly considering specific aspects of the romantic relationship. 110 different-sex couples were included, being separated in partners with highly pronounced depressive symptoms in women (Cw/DW) versus partners with low depressive symptoms (LDCs). We investigated effects cross-sectionally using multi-group analyses to predict relationship (couple specific questionnaire: PFB) versus system quality (general system quality questionnaire: EVOS) in a step-by-step approach, modelling actor and partner effects with variation within and across both groups and then comparing the results to models with equal actor and partner effects. Depression was measured with the PHQ-9. With regard to the relationship between depressive symptoms and system quality, the model that constrained actor and partner effects to be equal across both groups was preferred and showed negative significant actor effects across gender and groups. Concerning the association between depressive symptoms and relationship quality, the model constraining actor and partner effects to be equal within groups had the best fit to the data and revealed a negative partner effect in LDCs.

Conclusions

Controlling for the moderating variable of clinically relevant depressive symptoms, we found evidence for actor and partner effects, which differed between the two relationship measures. This underlines the importance to reflect how relationship quality is operationalized. The negative partner effect on relationship quality in LDCs emphasizes that even in a non-clinical context, depressive symptoms negatively impact the perceived relationship quality of both women and men. This suggests that addressing the relationship is important in non-clinical preventive contexts and calls for integrating the partner into counselling or trainings.
Thermoregulatory heat-escape/cold-seeking behavior in mice and the influence of TRPV1 channels
Authors: Masuda Yuta , Sakai Riho , Kato Issei , Nagashima Kei
Published: November 2022

The present study assessed heat-escape/cold-seeking behavior during thermoregulation in mice and the influence of TRPV1 channels. Mice received subcutaneous injection of capsaicin (50 mg/kg; CAP group) for desensitization of TRPV1 channels or vehicle (control [CON] group). In Experiment 1, heat-escape/cold-seeking behavior was assessed using a newly developed system comprising five temperature-controlled boards placed in a cross-shape. Each mouse completed three 90-min trials. In the trials, the four boards, including the center board, were set at either 36˚C, 38˚C, or 40˚C, while one corner board was set at 32˚C, which was rotated every 5 min. In Experiment 2, mice were exposed to an ambient temperature of 37˚C for 30 min. cFos expression in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) was assessed. In Experiment 1, the CON group stayed on the 32˚C board for the longest duration relative to that on other boards, and intra-abdominal temperature (Tabd) was maintained. In the CAP group, no preference for the 32˚C board was observed, and Tabd increased. In Experiment 2, cFos expression in the POA decreased in the CAP group. Capsaicin-induced desensitization of TRPV1 channels suppressed heat-escape/cold-seeking behavior in mice during heat exposure, resulting in hyperthermia. In conclusion, our findings suggest that heat sensation from the body surface may be a key inducer of thermoregulatory behaviors in mice.
Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy has a distinct serum profile, including greater complement activation and dysregulation of serum lipids
Authors: Altendahl Marie , Mok Thalia , Jang Christine , Yeo Seungjun , Quach Austin , Afshar Yalda
Published: November 2022

Background

Pregnancies complicated by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at an increased risk of severe morbidity due to physiologic changes in immunologic, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. There is little is known about how severity of COVID-19 changes protein and metabolite expression in pregnancy.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the pathophysiology behind various clinical trajectories in pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using multi-omics profiling.

Study design

This is a prospective cohort study of 30 pregnant patients at a single tertiary care center. Participants were categorized by severity of COVID-19 disease (control, asymptomatic, mild/moderate, or severe). Maternal serum samples underwent LC-MS-based multiomics analysis for profiling of proteins, lipids, electrolytes, and metabolites. Linear regression models were used to assess how disease severity related to analyte levels. Reactome pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on differential analytes.

Results

Of 30 participants, 25 had confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (6 asymptomatic (one post-infection), 13 mild/moderate (all post-infection), 6 severe), and 5 participants were controls. Severe COVID-19 was associated with distinct profiles demonstrating significant proteomic and lipidomic signatures which were enriched for annotations related to complement and antibody activity. (FDR < 0.05). Downregulated analytes were not significantly enriched but consisted of annotation terms related to lipoprotein activity (FDR > 0.2). Post-infection mild/moderate COVID-19 did not have significantly altered serum protein, metabolite, or lipid metabolite levels compared to controls.

Conclusions

Pregnancies with severe COVID-19 demonstrate greater inflammation and complement activation and dysregulation of serum lipids. This altered multiomic expression provides insight into the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 in pregnancy and may serve as potential indicators for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The association between number and ages of children and the physical activity of mothers: Cross-sectional analyses from the Southampton Women’s Survey
Authors: Simpson Rachel F. , Hesketh Kathryn R. , Crozier Sarah R. , Baird Janis , Cooper Cyrus , Godfrey Keith M. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Westgate Kate , Inskip Hazel M. , van Sluijs Esther M. F.
Published: November 2022

Background

Physical activity (PA) has many health benefits, but motherhood is often associated with reduced PA. Considering that ages and number of children may be associated with maternal PA, and that PA patterns may change as children transition to formal schooling, we aimed to investigate the associations between ages and number of children and device-measured maternal PA.

Methods

Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from 848 mothers from the Southampton Women’s Survey at two different timepoints. Two-level random intercept linear models were used to investigate associations between ages (≤4y(ears) (“younger”), school-aged, both age groups) and number (1, 2, ≥3) of children, and their interaction, and accelerometer-assessed minutes of maternal moderate or vigorous PA (log-transformed MVPA) and light, moderate or vigorous PA (LMVPA).

Results

Women with any school-aged children engaged in more MVPA than those with only ≤4y (e.g. % difference in minutes of MVPA [95% confidence interval]: 46.9% [22.0;77.0] for mothers with only school-aged vs only ≤4y). Mothers with multiple children did less MVPA than those with 1 child (e.g. 12.5% [-1.1;24.3] less MVPA for those with 2 children). For mothers with multiple children, those with any school-aged children did less LMVPA than those with only ≤4y (e.g. amongst mothers with 2 children, those with only school-aged children did 34.0 [3.9;64.1] mins/day less LMVPA). For mothers with any ≤4y, those with more children did more LMVPA (e.g. amongst mothers with only ≤4y, those with 2 children did 42.6 [16.4;68.8] mins/day more LMVPA than those with 1 child).

Conclusions

Mothers with multiple children and only children aged ≤4y did less MVPA. Considering that many of these women also did more LMVPA than mothers with fewer or older children, interventions and policies are needed to increase their opportunities for higher intensity PA to maximise health benefits.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04715945.