bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Neuro-Didactics principles in training students of Additional professional education programs
Authors:   Yurga Technological Institute (branch) of the National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lizunkov Vladislav G.
Published: December 2023

In the process of forming the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities of students, special attention is paid to the approaches and application of modern methods and techniques used in the process of their education. In recent years, many scientists and teachers have begun to pay special attention to the application of Neuro-Didactics principles in the process of conducting classes. Neuropedagogy is a relatively young science, which is an instrument of interaction between cognitive neurosciences and didactics. Its goal is to use the results of research on the characteristics of the human brain in relation to learning and memory for didactics and make them suitable for use in the educational process. Our study is intended to provide insight into the most important findings and thus suggest new ways to effectively teach students in continuing professional education (CVE). The paper presents a description of the brain system, in particular the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. The limbic system of the brain is described and its most important functions related to learning are identified. Descriptions of the influence of age and gender factors on the learning process are presented. The main provisions of Neuro-Didactics are analyzed and author’s Neuro-Didactics principles are developed. The main provisions of Neuro-Didactics of European scientists and practitioners are given. An example of the implementation of neurodidactic principles in the process of preparing students in the direction of “Economics” within the discipline “Informatics” is presented.
Reforms implemented in the field of higher education at the new stage of the development of Uzbekistan
Authors:   Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, Abdullaev Sherkuzi A.
Published: December 2023

Since 2016, large-scale reforms have been implemented in the higher education system, as well as in all other sectors, and significant achievements have been made in Uzbekistan. In particular, great attention was paid to the activities of private higher educational institutions along with state educational institutions. This article analyzes the reforms implemented in the higher education system at the new stage of Uzbekistan’s development and the results achieved.
Социально ориентированные стартапы как перспективное направление студенческого инновационного предпринимательства
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Osipova Olga S. , Burova Elizaveta A. , Sakharova Natalia V.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to offer recommendations for the development of socially oriented student startups in Russian universities based on the results of the author’s original sociological study. The theoretical object of the study is socially oriented startups as a social phenomenon, the empirical object of the study is students of one of the leading economic universities in Russia — the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. The results of in-depth interviews and quantitative research were interpreted. The results of the study showed that students see the commonalities and differences between such key concepts as “entrepreneurship”, “socially oriented entrepreneurship” and “socially responsible business”. A socially-oriented startup, in the students’ opinion, is an enterprise that is created with the goal of solving social problems and improving the well-being of society. Students are interested in creating socially oriented startups, although most of them, by their own self-assessment, do not have a sufficient level of knowledge in the field of socially oriented entrepreneurship. Students are aware of the risks that may arise when creating socially oriented startups. At the same time, students do not have a clear understanding of what the sources of funding for such projects may be, the criteria for assessing their effectiveness, how they differ from socially oriented non-profit organizations (hereinafter referred to as SO NPOs), etc. Respondents are quite pragmatic in their assessment of the opportunities that open up for student startups in the process of interaction with SO NPOs.
Corporate training in modern business
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Pruzhinin Alexander N.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the development of corporate training system in modern Russian business. The results of an expert survey of medium-sized business leaders, in which they were suggested to assess the state and quality of corporate training in the country, are considered. Three stages of development and six conditions of corporate training are distinguished. The main problem areas of corporate training are identified.
The concept of libertarianism in political philosophy
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev, Kudryavtsev Danila A.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to libertarian philosophy and the problem associated with the identification of the essential features and theoretical provisions of this philosophy. An attempt has been made to analyze and compare different perspectives of libertarianism researchers on understanding the concept of libertarianism. The need for such a study is due to the fact that in the domestic research scientific sphere there are no works that would attempt a comprehensive disclosure of the content of the concept of “libertarianism” and the main provisions of this philosophy. The views of various scholars and representatives of libertarianism were studied and summarized — foreign (L. von Mises, A. Rand, F. von Hayek, D. Russell, S.E. Konkin, M. Rothbard, W. Block, F. Friedman, R. Nozick, M. Zvolinski, P. Wallentine) and domestic (S. Strykun, L.M. Pavkin, N.N. Ravochkin, M. Svetov*, M. Pozharsky).
An Experimental Study of Polymer Flooding to Enhance Oil Recovery
Authors: Kadi Abdulrahman. A.
Published: December 2023

Experimental investigation of the impact of a synthetic polymer used to enhance oil recovery in an Egyptian oilfield was the goal of the current study. According to the findings of the current study, polymer solutions display non-Newtonian flow behavior under a variety of temperature, salinity, and shear rate conditions. The shear rate, salt level, temperature, and solution concentration all affect the apparent viscosities of polymer solutions. Studying how salinity and temperature affect how polymer solutions of various concentrations flow through porous media revealed that, up to a certain point, the mobility of the solutions increases with the flow rate, after which the mobility decreases with the flow rate. The mobility as a function of water saturation showed that during the tertiary recovery stage as compared to that during the secondary recovery stage, both the water mobility and the total mobility greatly reduced, and the oil mobility somewhat rose. The mobility analysis suggested that motion might be important in understanding how these processes increase oil recovery.
Legal Consequences of Authentic Deed Made by Notary after Declared Bankruptcy
Authors: Nita NurJanah Dian
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis research aims to analyze legal consequences of an authentic deed by Notary after being declared bankruptcy. The research method used is juridical normative. The data source is secondary data. The data analysis method used qualitative nomative. The result of this research are normatively in the Law of Notary Position that Notary declared bankrupt based on court decision that has obtained permanent legal force will dishonorable dismissal. A Notary  is decraled bankrupt has legal consequences against the deed the made to lose authenticity. So, the authentic deed only has strenght evidence the private deed.Keywords: Notary;  Legal consequences; Authentic; bankruptcy.
Legalization Of Cyber Notary-Based Notary Deeds As Authentic Deeds
Authors: Paramita Syafira
Published: December 2023

Legalizing a notarial deed based on a cyber notary as authentic deeds demands the role of notaries in using the concept of a cyber notary to create a fast, precise, and efficient service. However, in this case, the legalization of a cyber-based notary deed does not have perfect proof like authentic deeds. This is because notarial deeds using a cyber notary need to meet the requirements for the authenticity of a deed in Article 1868 of the Civil Code. The problem raised in this study is how authentic the legalization of cyber-based notary deeds is. This research used a juridical normative method. The data collection in this study employed a literature review method and a qualitative method for analyzing the data. The study results show that the legalization of notary deeds using cyber notary does not have perfect proof like authentic deeds because it does not meet the requirements for the authenticity of a deed contained in Article 1868 of the Civil Code. Keywords: Legalization, Authentic Deed, Cyber Notary.
The The Effectiveness of Psychoeducation to Reduce Anxiety and Insomnia among Patients with Chronic Kidney Failure in Hemodialysis Unit
Authors: Sumai Shanty Amalia , Rahmat Ibrahim , Warsini Sri
Published: December 2023

Patients with chronic kidney disease who undergo hemodialysis may feel anxiety and experience insomnia. Anxiety is one of the factors that affects insomnia in patients with chronic kidney disease. One of the nursing interventions to reduce patient anxiety and insomnia is psychoeducation. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of psychoeducation to reduce anxiety and insomnia in patients with chronic kidney failure treated in the hemodialysis unit. This was a quasi-experimental research using pre-test and post-test design with control group. The total sample was 54 respondents using a convenience sampling technique. Insomnia was measured using the Insomnia Severity Index questionnaire and anxiety was measured using the Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale questionnaire. Psychoeducation intervention was carried out within three weeks. The results showed there were differences of anxiety score in the intervention group (p<0.001) and control group (p=0.022). There were differences of insomnia score in the intervention group (p<0.001) and control group (p=0.029). The results of multivariate test showed that the factors significantly related to anxiety were age and comorbidity. Psychoeducation using booklets was effective to reduce anxiety and insomnia of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.
Preparedness of Elementary School Parents for Offline Learning Decisions during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hariati Suni , Andriani Andriani , Nurmaulid Nurmaulid , Erfina Erfina , Kadar Kusrini Semarwati
Published: December 2023

Reopening schools during the COVID-19 pandemic requires the full consideration of parents’ decisions due to the worry of exposure for their children. This study evaluated parents’ preparedness for offline learning decisions among elementary school children during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study with 134 parents as respondents. The consecutive sampling technique was used. The online questionnaire was distributed on social media to collect data from various regions in Indonesia. The finding indicated that 99 (73%) parents sent their children for offline learning from July to November 2021 for one to three times a week (44.8%) and one to three hours a day (46.8%). The significant factor for parents’ decisions was school preparedness for COVID-19 prevention (p < 0.05). However, parents' preparedness for self-protection and the child's mental condition had no significant relationship because almost all parents were already prepared for these factors (> 95%). Therefore, the government and primary health care have a vital role in supervising and providing a safe environment for children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life among Women Living with Cancer
Authors: Pahria Tuti , Yuliana Yuliana , Praptiwi Atlastieka , Atout Maha , Agustina Hana Rizmadewi
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of cancer in Indonesia has increased and is one of the biggest causes of death. Symptom clusters, a collection of symptoms in cancer patients that appear together and are related to one another, can affect the quality of life of cancer patients. This study aims to identify the relationship between symptom clusters and the quality of life of advanced cancer patients. This research used cross-sectional quantitative survey data from a cancer patient care unit at a referral hospital in West Java Province with a total of 140 respondents. Consecutive sampling was conducted for three months in stage III or IV cancer patients who were undergoing therapy. This study used descriptive analysis, factor analysis with the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) approach, and multiple linear regression analysis. Five symptom clusters were identified: the psychological cluster, the gastrointestinal cluster, the numbness cluster, the pain cluster, and the respiratory distress cluster. The results showed that symptom clusters influence the quality-of-life dimension. The symptom clusters’ coefficient of determination (R2) for the physical dimension was 0.231 (weak), the role dimension was 0.191 (very weak), the emotional dimension was 0.484 (moderate), the cognitive dimension was 0.011 (very weak), the social dimension was 0.420 (moderate), and the general-health dimension was 0.202 (weak).
Formulation, Characterization, and Sunscreen Potential Evaluation of Nutmeg Leaf Essential Oil Nanoemulsions (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
Authors: Rastuti Undri , Widyaningsih Senny , Chasani Mochammad , Habibie Ranti Kamila , Elly Vani Fitria Rosita , Zia Sity Khalidah
Published: December 2023

Nutmeg leaf essential oil (Myristica Fragrans Houtt.) is one of the natural ingredients which have antioxidant activity and potential as a sunscreen. The research aims to formulate nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion, characterize, and determine its potency as a sunscreen. Nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion was formulated with 1; 3; and 5 mL of oil content with two variations of surfactant. The characterization included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, %T, nanoemulsion type, droplet size, thermodynamic and centrifugation stability tests. Evaluation was conducted using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 290-400 nm with ethanol as a blank and non-nano-emulsified as a comparison. The result showed that the nutmeg leaf essential oil nanoemulsion had clear and stable appearance, safe for skin, viscosity values of <200 mPas, %T values of near 100%, nanoemulsions type of o/w, and particles size of <200 nm. The evaluation showed that the sunscreen activities of nutmeg leaf oil nanoemulsion was higher than non-nano-emulsified. The highest sunscreen activity was the formula A nanoemulsion which an oil content of 5 mL and had an SPF value of 1.475; %Te value of 50.571%; and %Tp value of 77.218%. The nanoemulsion sunscreen activity of formula A was categorized as a regular suntan
Immunostimulant Compounds Identification in Indonesian Underutilized Zingiberaceae Spices
Authors: Rosalina Dian , Yuliana Nancy Dewi , Anggraeni Ririn , Prangdimurti Endang
Published: December 2023

Spices are known for its health beneficial effect beside its function as flavouring and condiment. This study aimed to screen immunostimulant activities of 12 underutilized species of Zingiberaceae grown in Indonesia. The compound associated with immunostimulant activity in the most active sample was identified by linking the chromatogram profile of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water fractions of the selected spices to its activity using orthogonal projection to the least square (OPLS) analysis, followed by LC-MS characterization. The result showed that Alpinia malaccensis and Zingiber ottensii had the highest lymphocyte cell proliferation index (SI) at concentrations of 400 ppm. A. malaccensis was chosen for the next step. The results of OPLS analysis showed that the retention time interval which strongly correlated with the immunostimulant activity was 27.0 – 28.5 minutes, which were abundant in methanol fraction. The mass spectra analysis of methanol fraction using UHPLC-HRMS showed that the respective retention time was attributed to flavokawain B. This compound was reported to increase rat splenocyte proliferation in vivo.
Synthesis, Activity Test and Molecular Docking of Novel Nitrophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene Derivatives as Antimalarial Agent
Authors: Nisa Siti Astika , Jumina Jumina , Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Kurniawan Yehezkiel Steven
Published: December 2023

This research involved the synthesis, antimalarial assay and molecular docking of novel nitrophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene derivatives. Calix[4]-2-methylresorcinarene derivatives, i.e., 2N, 3N and 4N, were synthesized in a one-step reaction through the cyclo-condensation reaction between resorcinol and aldehydes, i.e., 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, 3-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, respectively. The reaction was carried out through the reflux method with ethanol and hydrochloric acid 37% as the solvent and catalyst, respectively. The synthetic products were characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LC-MS spectrometers. Furthermore, the in vitro antimalarial assay was carried out against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. The results showed that the 2N, 3N and 4N compounds were successfully synthesized in 86.4, 78.6 dan 95.7% yield, respectively. The antimalarial activity test of 2N, 3N and 4N gave IC50 values of 2.35, 1.68 and 1.79 µM, therefore, these compounds are classified as active antimalarial agents. Molecular docking performed against the PfLDH receptor showed that the 2N, 3N and 4N compounds had negative binding affinity values of -5.1, -6.1, and -6.0 kcal/mol and had specific interactions in the form of hydrogen bonds to the amino acid residues Arg109, Thr101 and Lys102 in the active site of the receptor. The molecular docking results agreed with the experimental antimalarial assay demonstrating the mechanism of action of nitrophenylcalix[4]-2-methylresorcinarenes as active antimalarial agents happened through the inhibition of the PfLDH receptor.
Potential Endophytic Fungi from the Leaves of Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) and Their Secondary Metabolite
Authors: Elfita Elfita , Syarifah Syarifah , Widjajanty Hary , Setiawan Arum , Kurniawati Alfia Rahma
Published: December 2023

Endophytic fungi coexist without harms in the host in some parts or all parts of its lifecycle. Endophytic fungi excrete specialized bioactive compounds beneficial for of its host; the compound itself can be different from what can be found on their host. Endophytic fungi are capable to excrete biologically significant secondary metabolites acting as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytostatic agents. Endophytic fungi existence are common across different plants; including Syzygium zeylanicum that can be found in Indonesia. This study aims to isolate endophytic fungi found in leaves of Syzygium zeylanicum, L., to elucidate their characterized morphologically, and to examine its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in addition to their chemical structures. Characterization of endophytic fungi was conducted by their macroscopic and microscopic features, followed by molecular characterization of highly bioactive metabolites. Antimicrobial activities were measured by disc diffusion method. Antioxidant properties were measured with DPPH. Secondary metabolites were chromatographically isolated and identified with spectroscopy techniques (NMR ID and 2D). Four endophytic fungi isolates were obtained: Penicillium citrinum (SZ1), Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (SZ2), Aspergillus nidulan (SZ3), Scopulariopsis asperula (SZ4). Penicillium citrinum (SZ1) showed antimicrobial activities against four different bacteria (71.3% against E. coli; 74.1% against S. aureus; 76.2% against S. typhi; and dan76.9% against B. subtilis). Antioxidant activity ini all ekstrak of endophytic fungi showed very activity (IC50 SZ3 extract = 3.85 µg/mL). Potential endophytic fungi SZ1 was molecularly identified as Penicillium citrinum. Extracts from SZ1 fungi contains bioactive 4-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ɣ-butyrolactone-3-yl) methyl acetate. The newly obtained substance could be developed into antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in further studies.
Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Solid Soap with a Combination of Liquid Cheese Waste, Turmeric (Curcuma longa), and Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel
Authors: Estikomah Solikah Ana , Suranto Suranto , Susilowati Ari , Masykuri Mohammad
Published: December 2023

Yoghurt whey is a product from fermented cheese liquid waste. Yoghurt cheese liquid waste has been known to contain lactoferrin. Lactoferrin functions as an antimicrobial. yoghurt made from whey has not been widely utilized as a solid soap ingredient. This research focuses on producing solid natural soap made of yoghurt whey with added natural dye turmeric and dragon fruit peel, soap quality testing, and analysis of the soap's antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus. The solid soap was processed through the saponification reaction between palm oil, coconut oil, zaitun oil, and canola oil with sodium hydroxide. Variations of yogurt whey used in this study yoghurt 25%,75%,100% whey) was added natural dye (turmeric and dragon fruit peel). The quality test was done by determining free alkali, water content, pH, and foam height. Antibacterial activity test using the well diffusion method. The result shows that the quality test yoghurt soap meets with INS (Indonesia National Standard) 2016, for all the criteria. Performs inhibition against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Yoghurt whey is potently used as an antibacterial agent in the manufacture of natural solid soap.
Production, Characterization, and Toxicity Test of L-asparaginase from Vibrio alginolyticus Bacterial Symbiont of Green Algae Caulerpa lentillifera
Authors: Kasturiasih Ni Putu , Ahmad Ahyar , Arfah Rugaiyah A. , Khairunnur Siti , Soekamto Nunuk Hariani , Taba Paulina , Hala Yusafir , Karim Harningsih
Published: December 2023

L-asparaginase is an enzyme that can be used as an anticancer therapeutic agent. This study aimed to optimize fermentation time for production, optimization, and to test the toxicity of L-asparaginase from Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) bacterial symbiont of green algae Caulerpa lentillifera (C. lentillifera). The activity of L-asparaginase enzyme assay and the toxicity test were done by using the Nessler method and the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method respectively. The results show L-asparaginase with 66 hours of fermentation time indicates the highest enzyme activity. L-asparaginase mentioned has an optimum enzyme activity of 17.99 U/mL for 30 minutes of incubation time at 37 °C, and pH 7.5. The BSLT results show LC50 value of 17.83 μg/mL indicating the enzyme is bio-toxic with high-level toxicity, which can continue for cytotoxicity tests on cancer cells.
Extract of Rhoeo Discolor Leaf as a Reducing and Stabilizing Agent in the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Gusrizal Gusrizal , Sayekti Endah , Radianti Sri
Published: December 2023

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using Rhoeo discolor leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNPs were synthesized by adding silver nitrate to the extract of Rhoeo discolor and incubating it in a boiling water bath. The change in color of the mixture from clear to yellow indicated AgNPs formation. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and showed an absorption peak at around 410-420 nm. The size of particles was distributed from 92 to 485 nm with an average size of 176 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.185. The stability test showed that synthesized AgNPs were stable for three months of storage at ambient temperature. The extract of Rhoeo discolor were responsible for reducing silver ion and stabilizing the synthesized AgNPs.
Instagram @Jakartabiennale Sebagai Media Promosi Dalam Pelaksanaan Exhibition Jakarta Biennale 2021 “ESOK”
Authors: Khotimah Wininda Qusnul , Agustini Vilya Dwi
Published: December 2023

The Use of Instagram as a Promotional Tool for the 2021 “ESOK” Jakarta Biennale Exhibitions. The Jakarta Biennale has been using the Instagram feature to help promote exhibitions by the Museum of Indonesia National Awakening (Museum Kebangkitan Nasional) for some time. The collection was considered a dormant tourist destination that needs to be reactivated. This research elaborates on how the official account @jakartabienalle projects promotional content about the event. Using the content marketing theory, we employ content analysis methods to describe the promotions' narratives spectrum qualitatively. Complementary to that, we also conducted in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation upon the account followers. We found a specific trace of the “ESOK” signature in the upper-left part of every post. Along with that, a two-long paragraph caption also completes the picture-based pieces of information that consist of registration pieces of information and details of the pictures. Finally, we also conclude that hashtags and geotagging features play an essential part in helping audiences locate the event.
Education for All: Study Case World Bank-Cambodia Scholarship for Education
Authors: Sakti Arauf Aji Harindra
Published: December 2023

This qualitative research conducted with the study case method tries to point out the impact of scholarship led by the World Bank and the Government of Cambodia for secondary school in Cambodia. The cycle of poverty have used to understand the importance of program with financial support to provide education for all and elaborates the correlation between the essence of education to deal with poverty. Despite the positive impact of the scholarship program on pupils to access secondary education, the paper also analyzes the part which cannot be covered only by the scholarship program. Students with low financial support are most likely to drop out without finishing their education level and are at high risk to re-enter the cycle of poverty. It is because they have to actively participate in household economic continuity. Therefore, financial support, in form of scholarship, might be able to reduce the financial burden of education toward the household and prevent students from not finishing secondary school. Even though scholarships can increase student's chances to finish secondary school, yet they cannot deal with the issue of quality education which will be elaborated on in the paper
Implementation of Public Services through SI PATAS Innovation Program in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province
Authors: Riyanti Winda Cahya , Perdani Titis , Sobandi Khairu Rooijqien
Published: December 2023

This study discuss the implementation of public services through SI PATAS innovation program in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province by utilizing qualitiave research methods. Using digital democracy theory, bureaucracy must deal with new ways of providing public services. We found that street level bureaucracy (SLB) try to innovate by creating a social media based public services through Whatsapp, the so-called SI PATAS in order to make the services delivered faster and easier. However, we found that the society did not perceived this new technology based public service well as it cannot solved the issues. It imply that the experimentation from SLB through SI PATAS did not meet the demands and needs of society in getting public services easier and faster.
Challenges and Opportunities Facing Public Administration in the 21st Century
Authors: Sarjito Aris
Published: December 2023

In the 21st century, the field of public administration has been challenged by various political and social changes that have transformed the way governments operate around the world. The aim of this study was to examine the challenges and opportunities facing public administration in the 21st century, with a particular focus on the qualitative experiences of practitioners in the field. The research utilized a qualitative method, involving interviews with public administration professionals to gather their insights on the challenges and opportunities facing their field. Secondary data was also collected from relevant literature on the topic. The findings indicated that public administration is facing challenges such as changing public expectations, fiscal constraints, technological disruption, and political changes. On the other hand, there are also opportunities such as increased collaboration, innovation, and citizen engagement.
Steroid profile and ovarian gene expression in Genyatremus luteus (Teleostei, Perciformes: Haemulidae) during sexual maturation
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Luiz dos Santos , Ribeiro Larissa Sarmento dos Santos , Silva João Mandu da , Noleto Katherine Saldanha , Bezerra Nancyleni Pinto Chaves , Souza Fernando Almeida , Carvalho-Neta Alcina Vieira de , Torres Junior José Ribamar de Souza
Published: December 2023

The aim of the present study was to assess histological features, sex steroid profile, and ovarian gene expression throughout the ovarian maturation of Genyatremus luteus in Brazilian Coastal Equatorial Amazon. Specimens were categorized into different gonadal maturation stages–immature (n = 7), maturing (n = 7), mature (n = 7), and spawned (n = 7)–based on histological features of ovarian follicles and on oocyte development. Plasma E2, 11-KT and 17α-OHP levels were measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The gene expression of estrogen (er) and LH (lhr) receptors in the ovary was analyzed through real-time polymerase chain reaction. The highest plasma E2 concentration was found in mature specimens (P< 0.05). Plasma 17α-OHP concentrations have significantly increased from the immature to the final maturation stage (P< 0.05). Maturational reproductive stage did not have any effect on plasma 11-KT concentrations. Er expression in ovaries has significantly increased throughout ovarian maturation (P < 0.05), and it remained high at mature and spawned stages. Lhr expression showed similar trend throughout the maturation process, although its peak was observed at spawned stage (P< 0.05). In conclusion, the gene expression profile of er and lhr and plasma E2 and 17α-OHP concentrations are proportional to oocyte development; they play important role in regulating ovarian development and ovulation in G. luteus.
Kinerja Karbon Aktif Daun Eceng Gondok pada Penurunan Kadar Fosfat Artifisial dan Surfaktan dalam Limbah Detergen
Authors: Wulandari Resa , Riyanto Cucun Alep , Martono Yohanes
Published: December 2023

Limbah detergen masuk ke dalam kategori limbah domestik karena limbah ini memiliki potensi membentuk film pada permukaan air dan menurunkan tingkat transfer oksigen ke dalam air. Oleh karena itu, penanganan limbah detergen diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis karbon aktif dari Daun Eceng Gondok (DEG) sebagai adsorben fosfat dalam limbah fosfat artifisial dan surfaktan dalam limbah detergen. Tingginya kandungan selulosa dalam daun eceng gondok membuat tanaman tersebut memiliki potensi untuk diolah menjadi bahan dasar alternatif untuk karbon aktif. Sintesis karbon aktif DEG dilakukan melalui proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400 ℃ selama 60 menit dilanjutkan proses aktivasi dengan rasio karbon: H3PO4 30% yaitu 1:4 (b/b). Selanjutnya, pemanasan dilakukan menggunakan furnace pada suhu 600 ℃ selama 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif DEG memiliki gugus fungsional O‒H, C‒H, C=C, C≡C, dan C‒O serta karakter mikropori (d = 1,10 nm) dan luas permukaan sebesar 726,49 m2/g. Pada kajian kinetika dan isoterm adsorpsi, penjerapan karbon aktif DEG terhadap fosfat dan surfaktan mengikuti pemodelan kinetika Elovich dengan kapasitas adsorpsi masing-masing adalah 11,67 mg/g dan 4,19 mg/g. Efektivitas karbon aktif DEG dalam adsorpsi fosfat dan surfaktan berturut-turut mencapai 78,35% dan 52,99%.

Performance of Activated Carbon from Water Hyacinth Leaves (WHL) for Reducing Artificial Phosphate and Surfactant Levels in Detergent Waste. Detergent waste is classified into the domestic waste category because it forms a film on the water surface and reduce the oxygen level in the water. Therefore, handling detergent waste is necessary to improve water quality. In this research, activated carbon was synthesized from water hyacinth leaves (WHL) as an adsorbent for phosphate in artificial phosphate waste and surfactant in detergent waste. The high cellulose content in water hyacinth leaves gives this plant the potential to be processed into an alternative base material for activated carbon. The synthesis of activated carbon from WHL (ACWHL) was carried out through a carbonization process at 400 ℃ for 60 min followed by an activation process using a weight ratio of carbon: H3PO4 30% = 1:4 (w/w) followed by heating at 600 ℃ for 60 min. The research results show that ACWHL has the functional groups O‒H, C‒H, C=C, C≡C, and C‒O as well as microporous character (d = 1.10 nm) and a surface area of 726.49 m2/g. In the study of kinetics and adsorption isotherms, the adsorption of ACWHL on phosphate and surfactants followed Elovich kinetic modeling with adsorption capacities of 11.67 mg/g and 4.19 mg/g, respectively. The effectiveness of ACWHL in adsorption of phosphate and surfactant reached 78.35% and 52.99%, respectively.
Deoksigenasi Katalitik Metil Ester Asam Lemak Menjadi Biohidrokarbon Menggunakan Katalis Cr2O3/Zeolit
Authors: Aziz Isalmi , Saridewi Nanda , Febriyani Fitri , Adhani Lisa
Published: December 2023

Deoksigenasi katalitik merupakan proses yang dapat mengkonversi metil ester asam lemak (fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) menjadi biohidrokarbon seperti gasolin, kerosin dan diesel. Katalis yang digunakan berupa Cr2O3 dengan penyangga zeolit alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi Cr2O3 terhadap karakteristik dan aktivitas katalitik katalis pada deoksigenasi katalitik FAME menjadi biohidrokarbon. Katalis dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, FTIR DAN SAA. Semua katalis menunjukkan puncak Cr2O3 pada 2θ 24,5°; 33,6°; 36,2°;54,8° dan ukuran kristal 19 ‒ 21 nm. Serapan pada bilangan gelombang 470 ‒ 900 cm-1 mengindikasikan adanya peregangan Cr‒O. Peningkatan konsentrasi Cr2O3 menyebabkan luas permukaan menjadi turun. Katalis Cr2O3/zeolit 1% menunjukkan aktivitas terbesar dengan konversi 60,36% dan selektivitas biohidrokarbon 43,15% yang terdiri dari gasolin 7,23%, kerosin 15,08% dan diesel 20,84%.

Catalytic Deoxygenation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters into Biohydrocarbons using Cr2O3/Zeolite Catalysts. Catalytic deoxygenation is a process that can convert fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) into biohydrocarbons such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel. The catalyst used is Cr2O3 with natural zeolite as support. This study aims to determine the effect of Cr2O3 concentration on the characteristics and catalytic activity in the catalytic deoxygenation of FAME into biohydrocarbons. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SAA. All catalysts show a Cr2O3 peak at 2θ 24.5°, 33.6°, 36.2°, 54.8° and a crystal size of 19 ‒ 21 nm. The Cr‒O stretching is observable at wavenumbers 470 ‒ 900 cm-1. Increasing the concentration of Cr2O3 causes the surface area to decrease. Cr2O3/zeolite 1% catalyst showed the most excellent activity with 60.36% conversion and 43.15% selectivity for biohydrocarbons consisting of 7.23% gasoline, 15.08% kerosene, and 20.84% diesel.
Simulasi Inhibisi Aktivitas Enzim α-Amilase dan α-Glukosidase oleh Senyawa Bioaktif Mikroalga Spirulina platensis
Authors: Syafrizayanti Syafrizayanti , Putri Adetya , Salim Marniati , Kusnanda Arif Juliari
Published: December 2023

Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe 2 merupakan penyakit dengan gejala hiperglikemia dengan jumlah kasus yang meningkat setiap harinya pada populasi dunia. Enzim yang berperan terkait DM Tipe 2 yaitu α-amilase dan α-glukosidase yang bertindak dalam menghidrolisis pati pada pankreas. Target terapi dalam pengobatan DM Tipe 2 yaitu penurunan reabsorpsi glukosa di usus dengan melakukan penghambatan enzim α-amilase dan α-glukosidase. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak Spirulina platensis yang berpotensi menjadi inhibitor α-amilase dan α-glukosidase sebagai antidiabetes secara in silico. Metode yang digunakan berupa skrining senyawa aktif dari literatur, farmakokinetika dengan prediksi ADMET, Lipinski’s Rule of Five dan simulasi penambatan molekul dengan program MOE. Berdasarkan hasil skrining dan simulasi penambatan molekul menunjukkan bahwa senyawa 4-amino-benzoat dapat berikatan dengan enzim α-amilase dengan afinitas pengikatan sebesar -4,16 kcal.mol-1 dengan situs pengikatan dengan asam amino His 299 dan Asp 195, dan berikatan dengan enzim α-glukosidase dengan afinitas pengikatan sebesar -4,08 kcal.mol-1 dengan situs pengikatan dengan asam amino Asn 58 dan Arg 17. Hasil ini menunjukkan senyawa 4-amino-benzoat dari mikroalga Spirulina platensis dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat bahan alami dalam pengobatan antidiabetes.

Inhibition Activity Simulation of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzyme by Bioactive Compounds of Microalgae Spirulina platensis. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 is a disease with symptoms of hyperglycemia, in which its case number is increasing daily in the world population. Enzymes playing a role related to Type 2 DM, namely α-amylase and α-glucosidase, act in hydrolyzing starch in the pancreas. The therapeutic target in treating Type 2 DM is to decrease glucose reabsorption in the intestine by inhibiting the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This study aimed to find bioactive compounds in Spirulina platensis extracts that can become α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors as in silico antidiabetics. The method used was screening active compounds from the literature, pharmacokinetics with ADMET predictions, Lipinski’s Rule of Five, and molecular docking simulations with the MOE program. Based on the screening results and molecular docking simulations, it was shown that the 4-amino-benzoic compound could bind to the α-amylase enzyme with a binding affinity of -4.16 kcal.mol-1 with a binding site with the amino acids His 299 and Asp 195, and bind with the α-glucosidase enzyme with a binding affinity of -4.08 kcal.mol-1 with a binding site with the amino acids Asn 58 and Arg 17. These results show that the 4-amino-benzoic compound from Spirulina platensis microalgae can be a candidate for natural ingredients in antidiabetic treatment.
Molecular Docking and Pharmacophore Analysis of Compounds from Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as Inhibitor for Dengue DEN2 NS2B/NS3 Serine Protease
Authors: Frimayanti Neni , Mora Enda , Rindiyani Rindiyani
Published: December 2023

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Dengue virus can enter the human body through the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still a serious health problem in Indonesia. The type of dengue virus serotype most commonly found to cause infection in the human body is the DENV-2 serotype. This study aims to determine whether Ginger (Zingiber officinale) isolate compounds have potential as dengue DEN-2 NS2B/NS3 inhibitors. Samples used are compounds with IUPAC names (S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) octan-3-one (4-gingerol) and (S)-5-hydroxy-1-(3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl) decan-3-one. The method used is molecular docking and Pharmacophore using the MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) 2022.0901 software package. The results obtained based on the observed parameters of the two compounds isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale) could be estimated as potential dengue DEN2 NS2B/NS3 inhibitors.

 
Effectiveness of a Core Stability Exercise Program on Pain and Function in Musicians with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mirshahi Maryam , Najafi Rezvaneh , Golbakhsh Mohammadreza , Mirshahi Afsaneh , Pishkuhi Ahmadi
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE: Low back pain (LBP) is relatively common among the musician population. Few studies have looked at the usefulness of a core stability exercise program in musicians suffering from LBP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a core stability exercise
program on pain and improvement of function in musicians with LBP. METHODS: A total of 41 university-level instrumental musicians with nonspecific LBP who played piano, violin, or cello were randomly allocated to one of two groups in a randomized controlled trial. One person from the control
group was lost to follow-up. Thus, 40 participants (23 females and 17 males) completed the study. The intervention group received education and a 12-week core stability exercise program. The control group only received an educational brochure. A visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry
Disability Index (ODI) were used to determine the severity of pain and functional status, respectively. Data were collected by an independent, blinded evaluator at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks after baseline. RESULTS: The intervention group showed a significant improvement in pain severity
on the VAS and functional status on the ODI during all times of follow up, whereas the scores of pain and function worsened in the control group at 24 weeks. Between-group analysis showed significant difference in pain intensity at both weeks 12 and 24 of follow-up. However, for functional
status, the difference was only significant after 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: A structured core stability exercise program supplemented with an educational brochure was effective to manage LBP in musicians.
Intramuscular Oxygenation and Muscle Activity of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis During Piano Performance: An Observational Study
Authors: Clijsen Ron , Baeyens Jean-Pierre , Baeyens Rens , Hohenauer Erich , Daems Walter , Veekmans Katia , Tassignon Bruno , Van Glabbeek Francis , Goossens Maggie
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Repetitive piano movements have been associated with playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) such as forearm myalgia and symptoms of lateral epicondylopathy. Despite the high prevalence of PRMDs among pianists, there is poor understanding regarding the underlying
physiological mechanisms. Intramuscular oxygenation may play a role in the development of PRMDs. Therefore, this observational study aimed to explore the effect variability of playing piano repertoire on the oxygenation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). METHODS: Surface electromyography
(EMG) activity and intramuscular oxygenation data (using near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) of the left and right ECRB were recorded in 13 conservatory piano students (8 female, 5 male, mean age 23.54 ± 3.24 years) while playing piano repertoire (virtuoso piece or études) for
20 minutes. From the oxygenation data, relative changes (in the percentage of the baseline measurements at rest) were calculated. RESULTS: For all participants, the oxygenated hemoglobin of the left ECRB over the piano play presented an averaged decline to the baseline resting value, with
a sample mean for left ECRB of –7.48% and –11.88% for the right ECRB, ranging from –15.53% to –2.00% and –19.12% to –3.93%, respectively. The deoxygenated hemoglobin ranged in the left ECRB from –5.39% to 39.14% and from –9.37% to 54.01% in the
right ECRB. The change in total hemoglobin ranged from –5.35% to 16.80% for the left ECRB and –12.10% to 10.37% for the right ECRB. EMG activity (in % maximal voluntary contraction) presented a mean of 16.85% (range 11.86 to 24.43) for the left ECRB and 23.65% (range 14.46 to 37.91)
for the right ECRB. This pilot study presented a Pearson’s r between the averaged oxygenated hemoglobin and EMG of –0.60 for the right ECRB and –0.48 for the left ECRB. CONCLUSION: Piano performance induced an average decline in oxygenated hemoglobin in the left and right
ECRB, which differed largely between the specific pieces played. The EMG activity can partially explain these differences. Further research is needed to explore the impact of a ‘dynamic index’ reflecting the piece’s dynamic characteristics and the individual oxygenation characteristics.
Mark-recapture validates the use of photo-identification for the widely distributed blue-spotted ribbontail ray, Taeniura lymma
Authors: McIvor Ashlie J. , Williams Collin T. , Rich Walter A. , Knochel Anna M. , Burns Neil M. , Berumen Michael L.
Published: December 2023

The ability to identify individual animals can provide valuable insights into the behaviour, life history, survivorship, and demographics of wild populations. Photo-identification (photo-ID) uses unique natural markings to identify individuals and can be effective for scalable and non-invasive research on marine fauna. The successful application of photo-ID requires that chosen distinguishing markings are unique to individuals and persist over time. In this study, we validate the use of dorsal spot patterns for identifying individual blue-spotted ribbontail rays (Taeniura lymma) in conjunction with traditional tagging methods. Spot patterns were unique among T. lymma with 90.3% of individuals correctly identified using I3S photo-matching software from images taken up to 496 days apart. In comparison, traditional physical tagging methods showed a tag loss rate of 27% and a maximum tag retention period of only 356 days. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of photo-ID as a tool to monitor populations and better understand the ecology of the blue-spotted ribbontail ray without the need for physical tagging. The validation of photo-ID for this widespread species is important as it enables behavioural and demographic changes to be easily tracked in relation to coastal threats such as human development and habitat degradation.
Influence of Hardness and Grain Size of the SS431 Material on the Slurry Erosion Wear through the Pot Tester at Higher Slurry Concentrations
Authors: BAGHEL YATISH KUMAR , PATEL VIVEK KUMAR
Published: December 2023

One of the most crucial considerations when developing any slurry transportation system is evaluating slurry erosion because it significantly contributes to the system's many component's ineffective operation and eventual failure. In the present work, the impact of the thermal-mechanical process (TMP) on the resistance of the slurry erosion wear of the target material has been investigated at a high slurry concentration (50% − 70% concentration by weight) and different rotational speeds (300–600 rpm) of the specimen. SS431 was used as the target material, and the Gleebles® 3800 simulator was used to perform the TMP on the target material. In the Gleebles® 3800 simulator, four strain rates (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 s− 1) were used for the deformation at two temperatures (950°C and 1050°C). A slurry pot tester was used to evaluate the slurry erosion wear for 15 hours at room temperature. TMP specimens have been shown to have more excellent resistance to slurry erosion as compared to the without-processed specimen (as-received material). The best resistance to slurry erosion was observed in specimens that had been TMP at 1050°C with a strain rate of 1 s− 1. Correlations had been found between various target material properties (hardness and grain size) as well as flow properties (solid concentration and rotational speed of the specimens) and the slurry erosion wear, all of which contribute to the erosion mechanism.