bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glutamate Within the Marmoset Anterior Hippocampus Interacts with Area 25 to Regulate the Behavioral and Cardiovascular Correlates of High-Trait Anxiety
Authors: Zeredo Jorge L. , Quah Shaun K.L. , Wallis Chloe U. , Alexander Laith , Cockcroft Gemma J. , Santangelo Andrea M. , Xia Jing , Shiba Yoshiro , Dalley Jeffrey W. , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Roberts Angela C. , Clarke Hannah F.
Published: February 2019

High-trait anxiety is a risk factor for the development of affective disorders and has been associated with decreased cardiovascular and behavioral responsivity to acute stressors in humans that may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Although human neuroimaging studies of high-trait anxiety reveals dysregulation in primate cingulate areas 25 and 32 and the anterior hippocampus (aHipp) and rodent studies reveal the importance of aHipp glutamatergic hypofunction, the causal involvement of aHipp glutamate and its interaction with these areas in the primate brain is unknown. Accordingly, we correlated marmoset trait anxiety scores to their postmortem aHipp glutamate levels and showed that low glutamate in the right aHipp is associated with high-trait anxiety in marmosets. Moreover, pharmacologically increasing aHipp glutamate reduced anxiety levels in highly anxious marmosets in two uncertainty-based tests of anxiety: exposure to a human intruder with uncertain intent and unpredictable loud noise. In the human intruder test, increasing aHipp glutamate decreased anxiety by increasing approach to the intruder. In the unpredictable threat test, animals showed blunted behavioral and cardiovascular responsivity after control infusions, which was normalized by increasing aHipp glutamate. However, this aHipp-mediated anxiolytic effect was blocked by simultaneous pharmacological inactivation of area 25, but not area 32, areas which when inactivated independently reduced and had no effect on anxiety, respectively. These findings provide causal evidence in male and female primates that aHipp glutamatergic hypofunction and its regulation by area 25 contribute to the behavioral and cardiovascular symptoms of endogenous high-trait anxiety.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHigh-trait anxiety predisposes sufferers to the development of anxiety and depression. Although neuroimaging of these disorders and rodent modeling implicate dysregulation in hippocampal glutamate and the subgenual/perigenual cingulate cortices (areas 25/32), the causal involvement of these structures in endogenous high-trait anxiety and their interaction are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that increased trait anxiety in marmoset monkeys correlates with reduced hippocampal glutamate and that increasing hippocampal glutamate release in high-trait-anxious monkeys normalizes the aberrant behavioral and cardiovascular responsivity to potential threats. This normalization was blocked by simultaneous inactivation of area 25, but not area 32. These findings provide casual evidence in primates that hippocampal glutamatergic hypofunction regulates endogenous high-trait anxiety and the hippocampal–area 25 circuit is a potential therapeutic target.
Estocásticos y docencia de la educación especial: distribuciones centradas y uniformes
Authors: López-Mojica José Marcos
Published: January 2019

El presente artículo forma parte de un proyecto más amplio que se interesó en señalar los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje de estocásticos en la educación especial. Aquí se presenta, de manera cualitativa, lo concerniente a la docencia de este nivel educativo. La perspectiva teórica consideró tres ejes rectores: epistemológico, cognitivo y social. De las tres fases de la investigación, en parte de la segunda enfocamos la introducción de la noción de distribución de probabilidad para cuatro docentes en un escenario denominado estudio dirigido, con la instrumentación de guiones de enseñanza y de bitácora; los datos se registraron con videograbación y escritura en papel. Además, se aplicó el órgano operativo y la célula de análisis de la enseñanza. Los resultados conciernen a la adquisición, de manera gradual por parte de las docentes, de las ideas de espacio muestra, medida de probabilidad, variable aleatoria (frecuencias relativas) y distribución y simetría.
“Ayudas y bendiciones”. reciprocidad y economía moral en un barrio de Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Authors: Messa Castany Patricia
Published: February 2019

Este artículo explora etnográficamente cómo se representan y operan las ayudas sociales en dos colonias urbanas empobrecidas de Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Para ello analiza los múltiples significados, moralidades y relaciones que producen sus habitantes frente a una Organización No Gubernamental (ONG ) española de base católica, como eje de los sistemas de reciprocidad de algunos grupos subalternos, la cual produce subjetivaciones, vínculos y obligaciones sociales. Interrogo la articulación entre reciprocidad, economía moral y agencia, más allá de ciertas aproximaciones que limitan a la oposición dominación-resistencia la gestión de la política de las clases populares. También invito a resituar analíticamente el papel de las organizaciones religiosas en contextos de gran desigualdad, que no se restringe a un reducto de viejas estructuras de beneficencia.
El don en la incorporación a un grupo paramilitar. Análisis de un caso emblemático
Authors: Pinzón Ochoa Nelson Mauricio
Published: February 2019

Clara era una universitaria en Bogotá que tuvo problemas económicos y para solventar su situación encontró ayuda en una persona conocida que le pidió transportar paquetes o encargos a cambio de recibir “regalos” como forma de pago. Jamás pensó que esos encargos y regalos serían la forma de ingresar al grupo paramilitar denominado Bloque Capital de las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC) y tampoco imaginó que la noticia se la daría Carlos Castaño. A partir de este caso emblemático, el artículo analiza un tipo de incorporación desarrollado por el grupo paramilitar, a la luz de la categoría analítica del don propuesta por el antropólogo Marcel Mauss y reconceptualizada por otros autores.
Consensos, conflictos y ambigüedades en torno al territorio: exploración etnohistórica de la lengüeta, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
Authors: Rodríguez Osorio Daniel
Published: February 2019

Ubicada en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, La Lengüeta es un territorio que posee una altísima complejidad económica, sociopolítica y cultural. Además de pertenecer a un Parque Nacional Natural y a un resguardo indígena, ha sido habitado por campesinos de múltiples partes del país y ha experimentado la problemática presencia del Estado y otros actores no estatales. En este artículo presento una primera exploración etnohistórica a partir de la cual analizo cómo las diferentes formas de entender el territorio han modelado la realidad de La Lengüeta durante los últimos 50 años. Específicamente, abordo el proceso de inserción de este territorio en las dinámicas económicas y productivas del país, algunos de sus fenómenos migratorios y las tensiones entre diferentes grupos humanos e instituciones en este sector.
Apuntes etnográficos para una comprensión de las dinámicas identitarias en la isla de San Andrés
Authors: Ortiz Vaca Claudia Katherine
Published: February 2019

En este artículo resumo el proceso de mi trabajo de grado como antropóloga, en el cual analizo la coexistencia y relación entre distintas identidades en la isla de San Andrés. Mediante una incursión etnográfica en la isla, hago una interpretación de las formas como las personas que viven en ella incorporan de distinto modo el concepto de identidad, de base ética. Propongo que en las relaciones corporales, continuas y dinámicas que se dan entre las personas y que posibilitan la vida –denominadas aquí relaciones vitales– se establecen lazos de respeto, confianza y amistad que, a su vez, permiten la coexistencia de diferentes identidades en la isla, coexistencia que igualmente puede identificarse, junto con los habitantes de la isla, como una unidad heterogénea.
A gangorra do amor: paradoxos e singularidades em discursos na instituição MADA (mulheres que amam demais anônimas)
Authors: Brizola da Silva Juliana Ben
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho resulta da pesquisa de campo realizada na instituição terapêutica Mulheres que Amam Demais e se propõe a refletir sobre os paradoxos e as singularidades em discursos no contexto mada. A falas das frequentadoras da instituição nos conduzem às experiências de sofrimento e superação vivenciadas por essas mulheres e também nos informam sobre a dinâmica de tratamento da mada. O recorte de gênero da mada e seu potencial terapêutico são aqui problematizados no sentido de perceber como, por um lado, o discurso institucional, com seus regimes de verdade, produz sujeitos que amam demais e, por outro, abre espaço para a emergência de outros discursos, que expressam as singularidades dos sujeitos em questão.
Voces y paisajes del miedo: una mirada afectiva a la Guerra de los Mil Días (1899-1902)
Authors: Trujillo Daniel H.
Published: February 2019

A partir de un análisis basado en la historia de las emociones, este artículo aborda e interpreta la manera como hombres y mujeres de los sectores más vulnerables experimentaron el miedo durante la Guerra de los Mil Días (1899-1902) en Colombia. Como base documental utiliza diarios de soldados, correspondencia, poemas y parte del rico material levantado por Carlos Eduardo Jaramillo en su exhaustiva investigación sobre las guerrillas liberales titulada Los guerrilleros del novecientos. Mediante la reconstrucción histórica de algunos eventos de la guerra, examina la reconfiguración de la matriz emocional de la población en medio del conflicto.
Gramáticas emocionais e submissão à autoridade: interações entre fiscais e cidadãos em revistas de malas em aeroportos
Authors: Coelho Maria Claudia , Trajano Sento-Sé João , Brum Fernandes Raquel , Rios Fábio
Published: February 2019

Este artigo aborda as gramáticas emocionais suscitadas por experiências de submissão à autoridade. A perspectiva teórica adotada é a sociologia interacionista, em particular a relação entre poder/status/autoridade e a emergência de sentimentos específicos discutida por Theodore Kemper e a análise da vergonha proposta por Thomas Scheff. O objeto analisado é a revista de malas em aeroportos, entendida como uma “cena interacional”. A metodologia utilizada é a entrevista em profundidade com cidadãos do Rio de Janeiro que passaram por essa experiência. A análise aborda os sentimentos de vergonha e humilhação relatados e procura relacioná-los com matrizes conceituais de ordem macro dedicadas à interpretação do lugar da lei na sociedade brasileira.
Presentación
Authors: Zambrano Marta , Durán Margarita , Herrera Tatiana
Published: February 2019

Este número reúne seis trabajos que se inscriben en el reciente giro afectivo de las ciencias sociales; es decir, en el creciente énfasis y producción de conocimiento en torno al papel de las emociones y de los afectos en la vida pública, su relación con el mundo privado y su dimensión política, en un esfuerzo que aspira a descentrar la racionalidad como paradigma explicativo o interpretativo privilegiado de las acciones humanas.
Students’ Perception of the Importance of Using Facebook for Academic Purposes / Percepcije studenata o važnosti upotrebe Facebooka za akademske svrhe
Authors: Đurica Nina , Soleša Dragan , Šimović Vladimir , Đurica Maja
Published: February 2019

AbstractFacebook as the most popular social network, has found great application among students, who, in addition to entertainment and communication use it for the exchange of relevant information regarding their study. Considering Facebook is the most used social network among the student population, the aims of this research were to analyse the key factors that motivate students to use Facebook, identify reasons for using Facebook as well as the potential of its use for academic purposes. The basic research instrument is a structured questionnaire. The survey was conducted at the Belgrade Banking Academy for the purposes of this study. There were 159 participants – students from all years of primary and master studies in September 2016. The results were analysed using the following methods: t-test, correlation coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. The obtained results show that students mostly use Facebook for social purposes. Regarding the use for educational purposes, Facebook is the most respected platform for exchange of materials and information from lectures, communication with colleagues and creating academic groups. In recent years, there has been the growing popularity of social networks among students, who have the potential to become an important source of support for educational communications and cooperation with faculty.Key words: educational use; Facebook; social networks; student; tertiary education.---SažetakFacebook, kao najpopularnija društvena mreža, pronašla je veliku primjenu među studentima koji se njom, osim za zabavu i komunikaciju, koriste i za razmjenu relevantnih informacija o svojim studijima. Facebook je najčešće upotrebljavana društvena mreža među studentskom populacijom. Cilj ovog istraživanja jest ispitati ključne čimbenike koji motiviraju studente da se koriste Facebookom, utvrditi razloge upotrebe Facebooka i potencijal za njegovu upotrebu u akademske svrhe. Osnovni istraživački instrument strukturirani je upitnik. U rujnu 2016. godine intervjuirano je 159 studenata svih godina preddiplomskih i diplomskih studija. U analizi dobivenih podataka koristile su se sljedeće metode: t-test, koeficijent korelacije i analiza faktorske potvrde. Rezultati pokazuju da se studenti uglavnom koriste Facebookom za društvene svrhe. Što se tiče upotrebe u obrazovne svrhe, Facebook je najvrednija platforma za dijeljenje materijala i informacija s predavanja, komunikaciju s kolegama i stvaranje akademskih skupina. Posljednjih godina sve veća popularnost društvenih mreža među studentima ima potencijal da postane važan izvor podrške obrazovnoj komunikaciji i suradnji s fakultetom.Ključne riječi: društvene mreže; Facebook; obrazovna upotreba; student; visoko obrazovanje.
Research into efficiency of pasterization of boiled sausage products in order to improve their storage term
Authors: Pasichnyi Vasil , Ukrainets Anatoliy , Khrapachov Oleg , Marynin Andriy , Svyatnenko Roman , Moroz Olena
Published: January 2019

We present a study into bacteriostatic effects achieved by re­pasteurization at a temperature of 85–90 °C for 20 minutes in the presence of an oxygen absorber. The applied treatment method makes it possible, on day 94 of storage, to obtain the level of contamination of microorganisms, comparable to the background microbiological contamination of sausages, for the sausages produced without pasteurization.The study confirmed the effectiveness of protective barrier properties of multilayer polymeric materials manufactured by LLC Sirius Extruzhen (Ukraine) for the storage of boiled sausages for up to 26 days. We established the possibility of storing sausages for 35 days based on the obtained data on the stability of microbiological indicators and compliance with the requirements to organoleptic indicators.The study presented ways to achieve the shelf life of cooked sausages twice longer than the typical, recommended for sausages with re­pasteurization. We obtained the results for sausages exposed to re­pasteurization at a temperature of 85–90 °C for 15–20 minutes. We packaged the examined samples at the thermoforming lines “Multivac” (Germany) and “Webomatic” (Germany). We performed the pasteurization of products at the “Fessman” (Germany) universal heat chamber.We confirmed the possibility of combination of protein stabilizers and animal proteins based on pig skin, dairy products, and spices in the formulations of samples of pasteurized sausages made from beef, pork, poultry meat, in particular, poultry meat of mechanical boning. In the study, we established that the grade of boiled sausages does not produce a significant effect on the shelf life of sausages when applying re­pasteurization together with an oxygen absorber
The Effect of Bio-Conditioning of Titanium Implants for Enhancing Osteogenic Activity
Authors: Montazeri Mohadeseh , Hashemi Amir , Houshmand Behzad , Faghihi Shahab
Published: January 2019

Early and effective integration of titanium-based materials into bone tissue is of vital importance for long-term stability of implants. Surface modification is commonly used to enhance cell-substrate interactions for improving cell adhesion, proliferation, and activity. Here, the surface of titanium substrates and commercial implants were coated with blood (TiB), fetal bovine serum (TiF), and phosphate-buffered saline (TiP) solution using a spin coating process. Surface roughness and wettability of samples were measured using contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. The samples were then exposed to human osteoblast-like MG63 cells in order to evaluate adhesion, growth, differentiation, and morphology on the surface of modified samples. Untreated titanium disks were used as controls. The lowest roughness and wettability values were found in unmodified titanium samples followed by TiP, TiF, and TiB. The percentage of cellular attachment and proliferation for each sample was measured using an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl] 2,5diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide) assay. Cell adhesion and proliferation were most improved on TiB followed closely by TiF. The results of this study revealed an increased expression of the osteogenic marker protein alkaline phosphatase on TiB and the coated commercial titanium implants. These results suggested that precoating titanium samples with blood may improve cellular response by successfully mimicking a physiological environment that could be beneficial for clinical implant procedures.
Recording Vital and Laboratory Parameters and the Risk of Death in Children Admitted to First- and Second-Level Hospitals for Emergency Medical Care: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Prometnoy Dmitry V. , Aleksandrovich Yuriy S. , Pshenisnov Konstantin V. , Teplyakova Helen D. , Razumov Sergey A.
Published: January 2019

Background. Diagnostic mistakes due to incomplete examination of patients are the leading cause of death. The prevalence of such mistakes and their association with treatment outcomes in our country remain uninvestigated.Objective. Our aim was to study the frequency of recording vital and laboratory parameters and its relationship with death in children admitted to a hospital for emergency medical care.Methods. In our case-control study we analysed the data of medical records of an inpatient (Form 003/u) — patients for intensive care at the age of 0–17 years who were admitted to first-level (n = 13) and second-level (n = 5) hospitals of the Rostov Region (except for Rostov-on-Don) in 2006–2017. We considered the frequency of recording vital (heart rate, respiration rate; blood pressure; oxygen saturation of arterial blood; body temperature) and laboratory (blood count, haemoglobin, hematocrit, total protein, glucose, urea, creatinine, pH, pCO2, pO2, BE, sodium and potassium levels) parameters upon admission to in-patient hospital and when transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU). The association of the frequency of recording these parameters with hospital outcome was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for the effect of confounders (consultation by a resuscitationist of the resuscitation and consultation centre; the level of healthcare facility; admission time; the presence of infectious diseases and diseases that occurred in the perinatal period; the level of consciousness; the duration of the underlying disease before admission; the method of admission to a healthcare facility).Results. We studied the data of 61 children with a favourable (discharged from healthcare facilities) and 90 children with a fatal outcome in the in-patient hospital (76 — in the ICU). A fatal outcome in the in-patient hospital was associated with records of BE [odds ratio (OR) 3.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–8.46)], total protein level (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.05–0.79), urea (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06–0.87) and creatinine (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.08–0.67) upon admission. A fatal outcome in the ICU was associated with records of systolic (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.14–0.94) and diastolic (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.12–0.80) blood pressure, SpO2 (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.15–0.93) and body temperature (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.11–0.90) upon admission to the unit.Conclusion. The association of the outcome with recording of vital (blood pressure, SpO2 and body temperature upon admission to the ICU) and laboratory (BE, total protein, urea, creatinine upon admission to a healthcare facility) parameters in children admitted to a hospital for emergency medical care indicates the need to control their clinical and paraclinic examination. A more complete examination of these children may be a reserve for reducing hospital mortality.
Luz à primeira vista: um programa de atividades para o ensino de óptica a partir de cores
Authors: Henrique Franciele Renata , Tomazio Nathália Beretta , Rosa Ramon Gabriel Teixeira , Souza Adélcio Marques de , D'Almeida Camila de Paula , Sciuti Lucas Fiocco , Garcia Marlon Rodrigues , Boni Leonardo De
Published: February 2019

Resumo A implementação de atividades práticas que envolvam cores constitui uma estratégia poderosa para estimular o interesse de crianças e adolescentes para a Ciência. Devido ao seu forte apelo visual e presença no cotidiano, as cores despertam a curiosidade dos estudantes e propiciam o aprendizado de conceitos fundamentais no campo da óptica, tais como reflexão, transmissão e refração. Nesse trabalho, descrevemos um programa de atividades desenvolvido para ensinar conceitos de óptica presentes na formação de cores a partir de materiais simples, baratos e acessíveis. Através de demonstrações abertas e discussões autônomas por parte dos estudantes, elucidamos o processo de formação de cores por reflexão e transmissão, bem como a razão pela qual se pode visualizar objetos incolores. As atividades aqui descritas foram apresentadas num evento de divulgação científica direcionado a crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 8 e 17 anos.
A Generalisation of AGM Contraction and Revision to Fragments of First-Order Logic
Authors: Zhuang Zhiqiang , Wang Zhe , Wang Kewen , Delgrande James
Published: January 2019

AGM contraction and revision assume an underlying logic that contains propositional logic. Consequently, this assumption excludes many useful logics such as the Horn fragment of propositional logic and most description logics. Our goal in this paper is to generalise AGM contraction and revision to (near-)arbitrary fragments of classical first-order logic. To this end, we first define a very general logic that captures these fragments. In so doing, we make the modest assumptions that a logic contains conjunction and that information is expressed by closed formulas or sentences. The resulting logic is called first-order conjunctive logic or FC logic for short. We then take as the point of departure the AGM approach of constructing contraction functions through epistemic entrenchment, that is the entrenchment-based contraction. We redefine entrenchment-based contraction in ways that apply to any FC logic, which we call FC contraction. We prove a representation theorem showing its compliance with all the AGM contraction postulates except for the controversial recovery postulate. We also give methods for constructing revision functions through epistemic entrenchment which we call FC revision; which also apply to any FC logic. We show that if the underlying FC logic contains tautologies then FC revision complies with all the AGM revision postulates. Finally, in the context of FC logic, we provide three methods for generating revision functions via a variant of the Levi Identity, which we call contraction, withdrawal and cut generated revision, and explore the notion of revision equivalence. We show that withdrawal and cut generated revision coincide with FC revision and so does contraction generated revision under a finiteness condition.
Recent peat slide in Co. Antrim extends the known range of weak basal peat across Ireland
Authors: Dykes Alan P
Published: February 2019

Peat instability and failure became an important topic of study following a series of damaging landslides in 2003. A peat slide in August 2014 at Croaghan, in the Orra Mountains of Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, provided the first opportunity to compare directly estimates of peat shear strength from direct simple shear and tensile strength testing. Physical properties of peat from throughout the depth profile were obtained to provide reference characteristics for the strength test results and to facilitate comparisons with results from locations where detailed botanical compositions have been analysed. Both methods showed that the basal peat at the study site had a shear strength much lower than 6 kPa. The physical properties are the same as at sites 150 km further south-west, so the composition of the peat at the study site is inferred to be dominated by sedges (particularly Eriophorum vaginatum) with some heathers (Ericaceae) and mosses (including Sphagnum). The weak basal layer appears to be similarly lacking fibres, which allowed failure to occur in response to adverse water pressures arising from extreme rainfall. Basal shear strength of <5 kPa is a reasonable starting assumption for planned engineering works on intact blanket peat in Ireland.
Long-term assessment of thermal sustainability of thermoactive geostructures
Authors: Delerablee Yvon , Burlon Sebastien , Reiffsteck Philippe
Published: February 2019

Thermoactive geostructures represent an original and efficient technique for fulfilling the energy demand of buildings and infrastructure, in terms of both cooling and heating. Thermal and mechanical aspects have to be considered to achieve a proper design of such structures. This paper focuses only on thermal aspects and deals with the development of an original approach based on the analysis of thermal flux and volumetric thermal power to assess the thermal sustainability of a thermoactive geostructure. This approach is firstly applied to a simple three-dimensional geometry to validate some numerical implementation issues. A case study based on a Grand Paris Express metro station is then presented and analysed in terms of temperature variations and heat exchanges. The consideration of the groundwater flow and the thermal exchanges by conduction and advection provides a new and better insight on the thermoactive geostructure energy assessment. Furthermore, the obtained numerical results show the zones of the geostructures where the heat exchanges are the most significant and where the risk of temperature drift is the highest. This analysis can be used to improve the design of the thermoactive metro station.
Long-term thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy piles in clay
Authors: Nguyen Van Tri , Wu Nanwangzi , Gan Yixiang , Pereira Jean-Michel , Tang Anh Minh
Published: February 2019

In engineering practice, energy pile foundations are often designed for the lifetime of the building. Thermal exchange between a pile and the surrounding soil depends on the annual energy needs of the building, as heating mode in winter and cooling mode in summer. Thus, energy pile foundations will undergo a heating–cooling cycle per year. In the present work, an experimental method based on a small-scale pile model installed in saturated clay was used to study the thermo-mechanical behaviour of energy piles under thermal cycles. Thirty cycles were applied (to represent a 30-year period if the daily cycles are neglected) while a constant pile head load was maintained. Four tests were performed corresponding to pile head loads equal to 0, 20, 40 and 60% of pile resistance. The results obtained show an increase in irreversible pile head settlement with the thermal cycles. In order to interpret the experimental results better, the finite-element method is used to simulate the experiments numerically. This allows the important role of pile thermal contraction/expansion in the pile–soil interaction under thermo-mechanical loading to be highlighted.
Shear capacity of self-consolidating concrete beams
Authors: Singh Harvinder , Bedi Kanwarjeet Singh
Published: February 2019

An improved analytical model to predict the ultimate shear capacity of a self-consolidating concrete (SCC) flexural member is presented. SCC behaves differently to normal concrete because of its unique composition and mix proportions, which alter the shear resisting mechanisms in the member. SCC has found a wide range of applications due to its excellent deformability and high resistance to segregation and bleeding, but the lack of an adequate model that could help analysts predict the shear capacity of SCC beams is one of the main barriers to its acceptance in routine design practice. The model presented in this paper was developed considering all the factors that influence the shear capacity of SCC beams. The test results of an experimental study conducted to validate the accuracy of the proposed model are also provided in this paper; the model's efficacy was also checked using test results reported by other researchers. The results predicted by the model showed good agreement with the experimental test data.
Imposed loading effects on reinforced concrete walls restrained at their base
Authors: Shehzad Muhammad Kashif , Forth John P. , Bradshaw Adam
Published: February 2019

The restraint of imposed strains in edge-restrained members was investigated. In particular, the influence of vertical steel reinforcement between the restrained member (wall) and the restraining member (base) on the mechanism of restraint development was experimentally examined. Real-scale reinforced concrete (RC) walls on RC bases were constructed and the investigation analysed why previous studies, which have mostly utilised steel members to restrain the imposed strain, are inappropriate for gaining an understanding of edge restraint as they fail to reflect the heat transfer between the wall and the base. The results of this study revealed that the degree of restraint increased in the presence of vertical steel reinforcement from 0·37 to 0·72. It was also found that restraint increased over time due to the steel reinforcement and decreased in its absence. A finite-element analysis of the walls was also conducted to highlight the significance of correctly incorporating real-time boundary conditions.
Mechanical behaviour of angles used to strengthen rectangular steel columns
Authors: Zhao Zhongwei , Wu Jinjia , Liang Bing , Liu Haiqing
Published: February 2019

Welding angles onto the surfaces of steel columns is a commonly used method to strengthen rectangular steel columns in practical engineering. However, continuous welding requires extensive welding work in the field, which increases project costs significantly and extends the construction period. Intermittent welds can reduce both the field welding work and the cost of the reinforcement. The main objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of substituting intermittent welding for continuous welding through an experimental study. The mechanical behaviour of the intermittently welded angles was also investigated. The influences of the use of steel battens, the number of weld zones, the weld length and the intermittent length of the weld seam on loading capacity were examined and a design recommendation is proposed. The findings of this study indicate that intermittent welding can be used as a substitute for continuous welding.
A new model for reinforced concrete columns strengthened with fibre-reinforced polymer
Authors: Isleem Haytham F. , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Daiyu
Published: February 2019

Much work has been published in recent years on the strength benefits of confining rectangular reinforced concrete columns less than 300 mm across and with an aspect ratio less than 3 with fibre-reinforced polymer wraps and anchors. However, there has been little published research on the effects of polymer confinement on larger, flatter columns. This paper provides a new strength-prediction model with a wider scope than those in the existing literature. Test results provided by two independent researchers for 44 specimens were used as a basis for the model expressions. The test database included columns with aspect ratios ranging from 1·5 to 4·0 and depths of section varying from 100 mm to 600 mm. The key parameters influencing the confined strength, including aspect ratio, number of polymer layers, hoop steel reinforcement and cross-sectional area, and configuration of polymer anchors, were all accounted for. For a sufficient amount of polymer confinement, the threshold values of the lightly and heavily confined columns were proposed to be 0·125 and 0·25, respectively. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed model was verified by comparing its predictions with the database, together with the predictions of other existing models.
Hybrid-fibre-reinforced concrete containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Sadeghi Alireza Mohammadjafari , Esmaeili Jamshid
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a hybrid-fibre-reinforced concrete containing different amounts of steel fibres, nanosilica and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. A combination of fibres in different sizes was considered for bridging and closure of cracks in different stages of the crack growth and improving post-fracture behaviour. Moreover, pozzolanic materials such as nanosilica with high surface energy were employed for increasing the strength of the transition zone. First, investigations were carried out to achieve an optimum mix design and evaluate strength properties and energy absorption capability. Second, impact tests with two types of projectiles were conducted on slab specimens of different sizes and types. In conclusion, the addition of nanoparticles and combination of fibres led to a significant increase in toughness and impact strength.
Karl Brunner and U.K. Monetary Debate
Authors: Nelson Edward
Published: February 2019

Although he was based in the United States, leading monetarist Karl Brunner participated in debates in the United Kingdom on monetary analysis and policy from the 1960s to the 1980s. During the 1960s, his participation in the debates was limited to research papers, but in the 1970s, as monetarism attracted national attention, Brunner made contributions to U.K. media discussions. In the pre-1979 period, he was highly critical of the U.K. authorities’ nonmonetary approach to the analysis and control of inflation-an approach supported by leading U.K. Keynesians. In the early 1980s, Brunner had direct interaction with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on issues relating to monetary control and monetary strategy. He was unsuccessful in persuading her to use the monetary base-instead of a short-term interest rate-as the instrument for implementing monetary policy. However, following his interventions, the U.K. authorities during the 1980s assigned weight to the monetary b ase as an indicator and target of monetary policy. Brunner’s imprint on U.K. monetary policy has also been felt in the twenty-first century. Brunner’s analysis, with Allan Meltzer, of the monetary transmission mechanism helped provide the basis for the policy of quantitative easing followed by the Bank of England.
Making P. knowlesi complete media v1
Authors: Sanderson Theo , Coyle Rachael , Verzier Lisa
Published: January 2019

This is a recipe for media for culturing P. knowlesi in vitro. The media is essentially identical to that used in Moon et al. (2013), with the exception that we tend to use horse serum rather than human serum. The resulting media is similar to that used for routine P. falciparum culture, but contains both serum and albumax components.
Immunofluorescence assays for Plasmodium spp. – 96-well plate format v1
Authors: Verzier Lisa , Coyle Rachael , Sanderson Theo
Published: January 2019

This immunofluorescence assay protocol is based on the work of Tonkin et al. (2004). We updated their method and used a 96-well plate format allowing a medium-throughput method.
Preparing single-cell suspension from human embryo/fetus v1
Authors: Linnarsson Sten , Braun Emelie
Published: January 2019

Protocol for human embryo/fetal tissue handling and dissociation, suitable for subsequent single-cell RNA sequencing and in situ hybridization.
Mirror Macro-Imagineering Water Supply Megaprojects: Pipedream Chile-California Complementarity? (Macro-Imagenharia de Megaprojetos Espelhados para Abastecimento de Água: Aquedutos Chile/California como Soluções Complementares Sonhadas?)
Authors: Cathcart Richard Brook
Published: February 2019

Abstract: Two tractable New World west-coast Mediterranean climate zones, burdened with increasing urbanized populations, must each be transformed by humans because of inherent North-South variances of natural precipitation. In other words, each politically-defined landscapes must technically devise its own anthropogenic dimension for future prosperity induced by the prospect of a plentiful freshwater supply. Both the nation of Chile, as well as the State of California (USA), have investigated the hypothetical use of gigantic offshore buoyant freshwater pipelines to serve their coastal and inland population’s needs. This report is meant to inspire and engage the next generation of Macro-Imagineering experts.

Key words: Submarine pipeline, freshwater transport, Chile, State of California, geographical similarities.

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Duas zonas de clima Mediterrâneo na costa oeste do Novo Mundo, sobrecarregadas com o aumento das populações urbanizadas, devem ser transformadas por seres humanos devido às variações inerentes de precipitação natural entre o Norte e o Sul. Em outras palavras, cada cenário politicamente definido deve tecnicamente conceber sua própria dimensão antropogênica para a prosperidade futura, induzida pela perspectiva de um suprimento abundante de água doce. Tanto o Chile como o Estado da Califórnia (EUA) investigaram o uso hipotético de dutos de água doce flutuantes (offshore) gigantescos para atender às necessidades de suas populações costeiras e interiores. Este relatório tem como objetivo inspirar e engajar a próxima geração de especialistas em Macro-Imagineering.

Palavras-chave: Aqueduto submarino, transporte de água doce, Chile, Estado da Califórnia, semelhanças geográficas.
Simulação de um detector flat panel utilizando o código de Monte Carlo MCNPX
Authors: Souza Edmilson Monteiro , Santos Ana Paula Gonçalves , Silva Ademir Xavier , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Correa Samanda Cristine Arruda , Oliveira Davi Ferreira
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é modelar, através do código MCNPX e de dados experimentais, a resposta de um detector Flat Panel por conversão indireta. Para tal, aspectos como a curva de sensibilidade do Cintilador, o Ruido, bem como a calibração do valor dos pixels simulados por dados experimentais serão abordados. A comparação entre resultados experimentais e os simulados mostraram diferenças inferiores a 10%, mostrando que o sistema de detecção simulado consegue reproduzir valores de pixels próximos aos obtidos com sistema de detecção digital do tipo Flat Panel de 16 bits.
A Teoria Ator-Rede e a Formação do Educador Ambiental
Authors: RIBEIRO SANDRO JORGE TAVARES , ALVES MARCELO PARAÍSO , MARTINS CÁSSIO
Published: February 2019

Essa pesquisa configurou-se a partir de uma perspectiva investigativa entre dois campos do saber: Educação e Meio Ambiente. Educação porque procurou descrever como se deu a tecitura de conhecimentos entre docente e discentes mediante as controvérsias de uma rede sociotécnica. E, Meio Ambiente porque teve como objetivo descrever, sob a ótica da Teoria Ator-Rede, os agenciamentos sobre o tema Educação Ambiental em um curso de formação de professores. Como escopo teórico e metodológico o estudo se aproximou da Teoria Ator-Rede, de cunho qualitativo e com abordagem descritiva. O estudo desenvolveu-se com um grupo de sessenta e cinco estudantes de graduação em Educação Física, mais especificamente na disciplina de Esportes de Aventura de um Centro Universitário localizado na cidade de Volta Redonda, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para a produção dos dados utilizamos as narrativas dos atores humanos advindas de construções audiovisuais compartilhadas no ambiente digital de aprendizagem Edmodo. Concluímos que a tecitura de conhecimentos sob o tema Educação Ambiental se deu de maneira não linear, rizomática e por meio das controvérsias e dos agenciamentos advindos dos movimentos na rede sociotécnica. Considerando ser este estudo uma pesquisa de campo, salientamos que o mesmo foi submetido ao comitê de ética de pesquisa do Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, sendo aprovado sob o registro - CAAE 66153617.3.0000.5237.
Seasonal effect on Euphorbia tirucalli L. cytotoxicity
Authors: Caxito Marina Letícia Do Carmo , Gattass Cerli Rocha , Kuster Ricardo Machado , Victório Cristiane Pimentel
Published: February 2019

Many studies have reported on the use of Euphorbia species against cancer. Tinctures of Euphorbia tirucalli L., popularly known as aveloz, have been widely used in Brazilian traditional medicine to treat cancer. However, the influence of seasonal variations on the cytotoxic activity of E. tirucalli ethanolic extracts (tinctures) has not been investigated. To accomplish this in the present work, aerial parts of E. tirucalli were collected each month in an experimental garden in Rio de Janeiro City. Effects of seasonality on the in vitro cytotoxic activity of E. tirucalli were evaluated. Tinctures were prepared by maceration in ethanol 70%, and qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV/DAD). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro against human lymphoma cells (Daudi) by MTT assay. The presence of triterpenes, hydrolysable tannins and flavonoids was detected in the tinctures. Tinctures prepared from plants collected seasonally showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against the analyzed cell line. Therefore, it can be concluded that environmental conditions based on seasonal changes did induce variability in phenolic compounds content and, hence, cytotoxic activity of aveloz on tumor cells.
Quais fatores influenciam a riqueza de espécies de formigas na serapilheira: frequência ou riqueza de plantas?
Authors: Vargas Andre Barbosa , Amaral Gustavo Correiro , Almeida Fábio Souto
Published: February 2019

O conjunto de material orgânico em decomposição no solo de ecossistemas terrestres, relacionado a fatores ambientais, como a temperatura e umidade, proporcionam um ambiente favorável que abriga mais da metade das espécies de formigas conhecidas. Assim, a riqueza de espécies de formigas na serapilheira foi avaliada, em dois ambientes, através da frequência e do morfotipo de folhas. O estudo foi realizado em duas trilhas distintas na Ilha Grande, RJ. Nestas trilhas foram dispostos três tipos de isca (sardinha, solução açucarada e biscoito) em dois pontos ao longo das trilhas, as quais foram recolhidas após 30 minutos de exposição. Foi observado que a riqueza de formigas está diretamente correlacionada a riqueza de espécies plantas. As duas trilhas mostraram diferenças para ambos os fatores, corroborando a idéia de que uma serapilheira mais heterogênea abriga maior riqueza de espécies.
Influence of reaction time and carbon disulfide amount on sulfophosphorylation reaction of phosphorylated resins
Authors: Souza Marcelo Augusto Vieira , Santa Maria Luiz Claudio , Costa Luciana da Cunha , Costa Marcos Antonio da Silva , Merçon Fabio
Published: February 2019

In this work, we studied the sulfophosphorylation reaction of phosphorylated resins by varying the reaction time and CS2 amount and characterized these materials thoroughly by thermogravimetry (TG) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal stability and the FTIR spectra of the Sty-DVB copolymers were significantly changed after the phosphorylation and sulfophosphorylation reactions. The unmodified copolymers presented one degradation stage while the sulfophosphorylated copolymers showed two degradation stages, due to the presence of phosphorous and sulfur in the polymeric matrix. There was a tendency for increasing content of sulfophosphoryl groups incorporated into the Sty-DVB copolymers with increasing CS2 amount and reaction time. However, for high CS2 amounts, a long reaction time was not necessary to transform the phosphoryl groups into sulfophosphoryl groups. The best conversion degree of phosphoryl into sulfophosphoryl groups was obtained by using reaction time of 144 h and 0.25 mol of CS2.
Desenvolvimento de biorreatores de bancada para Biorremediação de solo contaminado com diesel B5
Authors: Monticeli Francisco Maciel , Rodrigues Denise Celeste Godoy de Andrade , Corrêa Sergio Machado
Published: February 2019

Derivados de petróleo são uma das principais fontes de energia e, ao mesmo tempo, uma fonte de poluição de elevado impacto mundial. O uso crescente de automóveis fez com que ocorresse um proporcional aumento do número de postos de abastecimento. Tendo-se em vista a introdução da mistura diesel/biodiesel na matriz energética brasileira, faz necessário estudar a remediação deste contaminante no solo. Os biorreatores são sistemas fechados de tratamento e de biorremediação onde ocorre um maior controle sobre as variantes do sistema. Apresentam também, a possibilidade de coleta e tratamento de gases produzidos durante a degradação dos agentes contaminantes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo projetar biorreatores de bancada e avaliar a capacidade de remediação de diferentes condições experimentais de solo contaminado com diesel B5. Os biorreatores foram construídos de garrafa de 1 litro de capacidade, provido de dreno inferior, entrada de ar lateral, camada de brita para espalhamento do ar de entrada, tela fina de nylon e vedação de silicone. A vazão de ar injetada no sistema foi controlada por rotâmetros, com injeção de ar durante intervalos de tempo contínuo. O solo foi artificialmente contaminado com 5% de diesel B5 e a umidade controlada em 50% da capacidade de campo estimada (30,5%). Os nutrientes foram adicionados a fim de se estabelecer relação nutricional C:N:P de 100:10:1 e o microcosmo recebeu o consórcio microbiano. Os tratamentos empregados foram atenuação natural monitorada (sem nutrientes); bioestímulo (com nutrientes) e bioestímulo com bioaumento (com nutrientes e consórcio) realizados em duplicata, com e sem aeração. Considerando os resultados encontrados, conclui-se que os biorreatores projetados podem ser empregados em estudos de biorremediação de solo. Foi demonstrado que a descontaminação do solo naturalmente apresentou baixo nível de remediação, comprovando a necessidade de metodologias de biorremediação de solo com maior eficiência. O sistema de aeração foi um fator primordial na contribuição da remediação do solo contaminado em todas as condições experimentais. Conclui-se que o sistema com ajuste nutricional, com bioaumento e com sistema de aeração dos biorreatores proporcionaram a biorremediação dos n-alcanos em mais de 80% durante 120 dias, sendo o melhor sistema de biorremediação.