bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portrait de l’auteur en vedette de la télévision dans L’imposture d’Evelyne de la Chenelière 1
Authors: Jacques Hélène
Published: March 2014

Evelyne de la Chenelière oppose dans L’imposture deux figures d’auteurs. Léo, invité dans une émission culturelle, est télégénique, jeune, sympathique, drôle. À l’inverse, Ève, mère de Léo, romancière consacrée, maîtrise peu ses émotions, manque d’humour et de tact. Afin d’éviter le battage médiatique entourant une nouvelle publication, elle orchestre une supercherie littéraire et demande à Léo d’assumer la responsabilité de son roman. Cette pièce souligne et critique l’importance grandissante de la personne de l’auteur dans les médias, où le sujet biographique remplace la discussion sur le livre. Le texte est analysé à partir du concept de la paratopie de Dominique Maingueneau, qui correspond à la situation d’entre-deux dans laquelle se situe l’artiste, à la fois hors de la société et à l’intérieur d’elle, marginal par son occupation « parasitaire » et fonctionnant selon une logique d’opposition à l’ensemble qui l’exclut. Si l’emploi de ce concept a ses limites dans le contexte québécois, il permet néanmoins d’éclairer ce texte mettant en scène une figure d’auteur et interrogeant les contradictions du geste créateur.
Le développement de la littérature pour la jeunesse et l’affirmation de la culture moderne de la fiction au Québec
Authors: Fournier Michel
Published: March 2014

Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière la fonction de la littérature pour la jeunesse dans le processus d’affirmation de la culture moderne de la fiction qui s’effectue dans les années 1930 au Québec. Il montre plus particulièrement comment la littérature pour la jeunesse constitue, en complétant la formation du lecteur et en définissant les frontières de la fiction, une des médiations qui permettent le passage d’une défense « classique » du roman (qui le soumet à une finalité didactique ou morale) à l’affirmation d’un horizon plus moderne, au sein duquel l’expérience fictionnelle accède à une certaine forme d’autonomie.
Phonographie, cinéma et musique rock. Autour d’un impensé théorique chez Walter Benjamin
Authors: Sirois-Trahan Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2014

Cet article a pour objectif de mieux comprendre, dans une perspective critique, la pensée de Walter Benjamin sur l’enregistrement en comparant ces deux dispositifs de reproduction technique que sont la phonographie et le cinéma, et notamment en questionnant ce développement ultérieur de la phonographie qu’a permis la musique rock. Ces dernières années, plusieurs musicologues et théoriciens de la musique populaire ont fait appel au cinéma en tant que dispositif pour décrire celui de la musique rock. L’auteur de cet article propose d’approfondir l’analyse de ces différentes analogies avec le cinéma afin de mieux comprendre ce qui relève de la captation, de la reproduction, de la duplication de masse et du montage/mixage. On aura l’occasion de revisiter les écrits de Walter Benjamin, notamment en scrutant ce qu’il dit sur la phonographie à son époque, dispositif qu’il rapproche du cinéma par la reproductibilité technique. Or, pour Benjamin, le cinéma va plus loin grâce à la réalisation, qui permet de mettre au jour « l’inconscient visuel ». Le rock, que le philosophe ne pouvait pas prévoir, ne donne-t-il pas justement accès à l’inconscient auditif ?
Is DNA methylation of tumour suppressor genes epigenetic?
Authors: Struhl Kevin
Published: March 2014

In colorectal cancer cells, a non-epigenetic transcriptional pathway that is mediated by an oncogene maintains DNA methylation of tumour suppressor genes
Benefits of exercise on cognitive impairment in alcohol use disorder following alcohol withdrawal
Authors: Lyu Zhen , Gong Zhi‐Gang , Huang Min‐Xia , Xin Si‐Ping , Zou Mao‐Zhong , Ding Yu‐Quan
Published: July 2024

Although most cognitive impairments induced by prolonged alcohol consumption tend to improve within the initial months of abstinence, there is evidence suggesting certain cognitive deficits may persist. This study aimed to investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on learning and memory in alcohol use disorder (AUD) mice following a period of abstinence from alcohol. We also sought to assess the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. To this end, we established an AUD mouse model through a two‐bottle choice (sucrose fading mode and normal mode) and chronic intermittent alcohol vapor (combined with intraperitoneal injection) and randomly allocated mice into exercise groups to undergo treadmill training. Learning and memory abilities were assessed through the Morris water maze test and spontaneous activity was evaluated using the open field test. The levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus were quantified using enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. The findings reveal that after cessation of alcohol consumption, learning and memory abilities in AUD mice did not completely return to normal levels. The observed enhancement of cognitive functions in AUD mice through aerobic exercise may be attributed to restoring levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, boosting brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations, and facilitating an increase in hippocampal mass. These results offer empirical evidence to support aerobic exercise as a viable therapeutic strategy to alleviate cognitive deficits associated with AUD.
Exterior design of main houses with regard to building layout in rural house compounds in special preservation areas for historic landscape
Authors: Yamamoto Naohiko , Hirao Kazuhiro , Yoshida Tetsuya , Murosaki Chie
Published: July 2024

Asuka village in Nara Prefecture has been designated as one of the “Special Conservation Areas for Historic Landscape” since the 1960s and is known for its richness in historic remains from the Asuka period. This paper aimed to clarify the exterior design composition of rural main houses in six village sections in Asuka village. Based on the data collected in these village sections, an item/category data are compiled. Using this IC data, by performing “multiple correspondence analysis” followed by cluster analysis, samples are classified into 15 clusters. The obtained clusters are further grouped into Townhouse type, Intermediate type between townhouses and farmhouses, Farmhouse type, Conventional construction type, Modern type, Yamato‐mune (thatched roof) type, Single‐storied traditional type, and Single‐storied type. Given that our previous research paper revealed the variation and development process of house compounds, the analysis next explores the relationship between the building layouts in house compounds and the exterior designs of main houses. Finally, the paper tries to find out the characteristics of the dominant typologies of exterior design of main houses in each village section.
Does nationality affect landscape perceptions of urban sacred forests? A Japan–China cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Mizuuchi Yusuke , Nakamura Kazuhiko W.
Published: July 2024

This study explores the cultural ecosystem services of sacred forests in urban areas, focusing on the Meiji‐Jingu Shrine's forest in Japan. We assessed the forest's sublimity and landscape perceptions among Japanese and Chinese visitors using a mixed‐method approach. Data were gathered from 359 geotagged photographs and a questionnaire completed by 30 participants, evaluating sublimity and psychological aspects. GIS analysis identified scenic hotspots, and statistical methods compared landscape perceptions between the two visitor groups. Text mining analyzed differences in their forest evaluation. Key findings include (1) Cultural differences in perceiving landscape hotspots, (2) insights into the sublime nature of Meiji‐Jingu Shrine's forest, and (3) varied perceptions of forest sublimity between Japanese and Chinese visitors. This cross‐cultural study provides valuable insights for sacred forest conservation.
Comparing behavioral measures of aggression in the laboratory: Taylor Aggression Paradigm versus Point‐Subtraction Aggression Paradigm
Authors: Timmins Matthew A. , Berman Mitchell E. , Coccaro Emil F.
Published: July 2024

Aggression refers to a wide range of behaviors with lasting individual and societal consequences. Recurrent, unplanned aggressive behavior is the core diagnostic criterion for intermittent explosive disorder (IED). In this study, we compared two behavioral measures of aggression in the laboratory: the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP) and the Point‐Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP). This sample (n = 528) included community participants who met DSM‐5 criteria for IED (n = 156), met DSM‐5 criteria for a nonaggressive psychiatric disorder (n = 205), or did not meet DSM‐5 criteria for any psychiatric disorder (n = 167). All participants completed the TAP, a single‐session PSAP, and relevant self‐report measures. MANOVA analyses demonstrated differences between IED participants and nonaggressive participants; however, these group differences were no longer significant for the PSAP after including demographic variables. Correlation analyses found that the TAP and PSAP were positively related to one another and the composite variables associated with aggressive behavior (i.e., history of aggression, impulsivity, and propensity to experience anger) and; dependent correlations revealed that past aggression and trait anger were more strongly related to the TAP. Differences in TAP and PSAP outcomes may be partially attributed to operationalizations of aggression and methods of aggression and provocation. Further, as aggressive and nonaggressive participants differed on the PSAP somewhat mirroring the TAP, our results add to growing evidence of the validity of a single‐session PSAP; further research is needed to fully establish single‐session PSAP as a laboratory aggression task compared to the multi‐session PSAP.
Landmark‐based auto‐contouring of clinical target volumes for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Sjogreen Carlos , Netherton Tucker J. , Lee Anna , Soliman Moaaz , Gay Skylar S. , Nguyen Callistus , Mumme Raymond , Vazquez Ivan , Rhee Dong Joo , Cardenas Carlos E. , Martel Mary K. , Beadle Beth M. , Court Laurence Edward
Published: July 2024

Background

The delineation of clinical target volumes (CTVs) for radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer is complex and varies based on the location and extent of disease.

Purpose

The current study aimed to develop an auto‐contouring solution following one protocol guidelines (NRG‐HN001) that can be adjusted to meet other guidelines, such as RTOG‐0225 and the 2018 International guidelines.

Methods

The study used 2‐channel 3‐dimensional U‐Net and nnU‐Net framework to auto‐contour 27 normal structures in the head and neck (H&N) region that are used to define CTVs in the protocol. To define the CTV‐Expansion (CTV1 and CTV2) and CTV‐Overall (the outer envelope of all the CTV contours), we used adjustable morphological geometric landmarks and mimicked physician interpretation of the protocol rules by partially or fully including select anatomic structures. The results were evaluated quantitatively using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean surface distance (MSD) and qualitatively by independent reviews by two H&N radiation oncologists.

Results

The auto‐contouring tool showed high accuracy for nasopharyngeal CTVs. Comparison between auto‐contours and clinical contours for 19 patients with cancers of various stages showed a DSC of 0.94 ± 0.02 and MSD of 0.4 ± 0.4 mm for CTV‐Expansion and a DSC of 0.83 ± 0.02 and MSD of 2.4 ± 0.5 mm for CTV‐Overall. Upon independent review, two H&N physicians found the auto‐contours to be usable without edits in 85% and 75% of cases. In 15% of cases, minor edits were required by both physicians. Thus, one physician rated 100% of the auto‐contours as usable (use as is, or after minor edits), while the other physician rated 90% as usable. The second physician required major edits in 10% of cases.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates the ability of an auto‐contouring tool to reliably delineate nasopharyngeal CTVs based on protocol guidelines. The tool was found to be clinically acceptable by two H&N radiation oncology physicians in at least 90% of the cases.
Exceptionally Low‐Noise Room‐Temperature Shortwave Infrared Photodetector Based on Low‐Frequency Charge Transfer Transition
Authors: Liu Haining , kang Yazhou , Zhang Lingge , Xu Zhice , Qiao Shanlin , Xie Liming
Published: July 2024

Current commercial shortwave infrared (SWIR) photodetectors typically necessitate deep cooling to mitigate random fluctuations induced by carrier thermal excitation. Developing high‐sensitivity SWIR photodetectors operating at room temperature is imperative for reducing equipment size and operational expenses. Leveraging the channel depletion mechanism of 2D semiconductors holds promise in suppressing dark current. Another concern lies in the limited choice of infrared absorbing materials and the difficulty in flexibly adjusting the response wavelength region. Here, a high‐sensitive exceptionally low‐noise SWIR photodetector operated is reported at room temperature based on few‐layer WSe2/TCNQ molecules charge transfer complex. Experiments and Calculations results exhibit the low‐frequency (0.6 eV) SWIR absorption stems from the intermolecular charge transfer transition at the interface of heterojunctions. The hybrid photodetector can achieve response efficiently from visible to SWIR (0.6–1.6 µm) with a decent gain 7.7 × 104 and an ultralow dark current noise spectral density (Sn) 1.95 × 10−16 A/Hz0.5 under a channel deplete state at room temperature. The peak specific detectivity is 2.5 × 1013 Jones at 0.7 µm and 7.4 × 1012 Jones at 1.2 µm, (Vgs = 80 V). This work has opened up a new pathway for the development of high‐sensitivity SWIR photodetectors at room temperature.
The Magic of Spiro‐Epoxy Moiety: An Easy Way to Improve CO2‐Separation Performance of Polymer Membrane
Authors: Wozniak Alyona I. , Bermesheva Evgeniya V. , Petukhov Dmitrii I. , Lunin Artyom O. , Borisov Ilya L. , Shantarovich Victor P. , Bekeshev Valentin G. , Alentiev Dmitry A. , Bermeshev Maxim V.
Published: July 2024

The development of polymers with high separation characteristics for the efficient removal of carbon dioxide from bio‐/natural gases is the key to reducing the environmental impact of CO2. In this work, preparation and gas‐separation properties of novel vinyl‐addition polynorbornenes containing oxirane‐moieties at spiro centers, which combine high CO2‐permeability with remarkable selectivities for separation of CO2 from its mixtures with nitrogen and methane are published. Gas permeability data of the epoxidized polymer based on 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene exceed the Robeson upper bound of 2019 for the CO2/N2 system (CO2 permeability is 1000 Barrer, α(CO2/N2) = 67)). Separation experiments with mixtures of gases confirm the high separation performance of this polymer. In particular, the data for CO2/CH4 separation are above or close to the upper bound of 2018 for mixed gases. A similar effect of introducing oxirane moieties into spiro centers is also shown for another vinyl‐addition polymer derived from 5‐isopropylidene‐2‐norbornene and is not observed for a related polymer bearing oxirane moieties at the ends of side chains. A simple synthesis of the epoxidized polymer from available 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene, combined with high CO2‐permeability and selectivities, may open a window for industrial applications of this polymer in important membrane processes, in particular, for natural/biogas upgrading.
All‐Weather Solar‐Powered Desalination and Synchronous Cs+ Extraction for Salt‐Lake Water Enabled by Crown‐Ether‐Decorated Phase‐Change Microcapsules
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Zhou Shiliang , Liu Huan , Qian Zhiqiang , Wang Xiaodong
Published: July 2024

Solar‐powered interfacial evaporation is recognized as an emerging technology for desalination of salt‐lake water but suffers from insufficient evaporation mass under intermittent sunlight illumination. Meanwhile, salt‐lake water contains abundant noble metal ions; however, there is no effective strategy to extract them during evaporation. Hereby, an interfacial evaporator integrated with crown‐ether‐functionalized phase‐change microcapsules (Crown‐MicPCM) is designed to realize all‐weather desalination and synchronous caesium ion (Cs+) extraction of salt‐lake water. Crown‐MicPCM is constructed with an n‐docosane core for photothermal energy storage, a magnetic SiO2/Fe3O4 composite shell for easy recyclability, a polydopamine inner coat for sunlight absorption, and a crown ether outer coat for selective Cs+ adsorption. Through integrating the functions of solar energy harvest, latent heat storage, and selective Cs+ adsorption within Crown‐MicPCM, such an innovative design boosts the evaporation and adsorption performance of the developed evaporator significantly. The developed Crown‐MicPCM‐integrated evaporator exhibits a considerable improvement in freshwater production and Cs+ extraction, achieving a Cs+ adsorption capacity of 32.6 mg g−1 and an evaporation rate of 1.43 kg m−2 h−1 under one‐sun illumination. Compared with the evaporator without a phase‐change material, the Crown‐MicPCM‐integrated evaporator obtains an increase in freshwater yield by 47% and in adsorption efficiency of Cs+ by 12% under natural sunlight illumination.
Janus Metasurface for Underwater Sound Manipulation
Authors: Li Chen‐Yang , Zhou Hong‐Tao , Li Xiao‐Shuang , Wang Yan‐Feng , Wang Yue‐Sheng
Published: July 2024

Bidirectional controllable propagation of waterborne sound holds significant importance in developing multifunctional underwater acoustic and mechanical devices. However, the existing waterborne acoustic metasurfaces have rarely explored the bidirectional sound modulations. Here, a class of Janus waterborne acoustic metasurface, enabling two‐faced arbitrarily asymmetric wavefront manipulations is reported. A three‐degree‐of‐freedom mechanical system facilitated by acoustic‐structure interaction underwater is proposed to introduce bianisotropic responses of unit cells. Monolayer ultrathin Janus metasurface is inversely designed by utilizing a function‐structure integrated topology optimization framework. Distinct underwater acoustic functionalities, including axial and oblique focusing, beam splitting, and sound diffusion, are successfully demonstrated. Underwater experiments are further conducted to validate the concept of Janus metasurface. The good consistency between experimental and simulated results confirms the excellent two‐faced asymmetric acoustic focusing performance. The proposed Janus metasurface opens up a new dimension for designing advanced waterborne acoustic devices with two‐faced multifunctional wavefront manipulations.
Reinforcement of Polyimine Covalent Adaptable Networks with Mechanically Interlocked Derivatives of SWNTs.
Authors: Isasti Ion , Miranda Silvia , Jiménez David M. , Parzyszek Sylwia , Martín Sabanés Natalia , Pedersen Henrik , Pérez Emilio M.
Published: July 2024

There is an urgent need for new approaches to reduce the environmental impact of plastics. One approach is to enhance recyclability. Covalent adaptable networks (CANs), where crosslinks are chemically reversible, offer an attractive alternative to thermoset materials. Another option is to strengthen polymers using nanofillers, to reduce the amount of material needed. In this regard, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are excellent candidates as fillers due to their extreme strength‐to‐weight ratio and dimensionality. Here, SWNTs functionalized as mechanically‐interlocked derivatives (MINTs) are shown to significantly improve the mechanical properties of polyimine (PI) CANs, with close to optimal efficiency. Enhancements in both stiffness and ultimate strength, approaching 100% load transfer considering the SWNT loading, are observed for PI MINT, while composites made with pristine SWNTs exhibit poor improvement. The PI MINT CANs can be recycled both thermally and chemically without compromising their mechanical properties. Finally, prototype carbon fiber PI MINT laminar composites are also fabricated and characterized, demonstrating a significant increase in their mechanical properties.
Modified Chitosan for Highly Efficient Non‐Invasive Transdermal Delivery of Catalase to Repair and Prevent Skin Photodamages
Authors: Yan Xiaoying , Xu Yuchun , Wei Ting , Chai Yu , Li Yuxuan , Wang Chunjie , Li Mingkang , Zhang Shuai , Zhu Wenjun , Liu Zhuang
Published: July 2024

Oxidative stress induced by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a significant role in the onset and progression of numerous skin disorders, necessitating effective antioxidant defenses to prevent and repair oxidative damage. However, existing systemic antioxidant therapies for skin diseases often fall short in efficiently delivering antioxidants to the diseased lesions. In this study, a novel non‐invasive transdermal delivery platform utilizing chitosan grafted with salcaprozate sodium (SCS) is designed for highly efficient delivery of biomolecular enzymes, such as catalase (CAT). After self‐assembling with catalase, the obtained SCS‐CAT nanocomplexes if topically applied in a cream demonstrate highly efficient skin penetration and accumulation. Owing to the ability of CAT to effectively scavenge ROS, topically applied SCS‐CAT nanocomplexes enable remarkable repair and protection effects against ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)‐induced skin photodamages by inhibiting cell apoptosis and inflammation. Moreover, such SCS‐CAT delivery platform holds promise for long‐term skin care applications due to its great biocompatibility. This research presents a simple yet transformative platform for the intradermal delivery of biological enzymes, presenting a promising avenue for treating various inflammatory skin disorders.
Glucose Sensing in Saliva
Authors: Giaretta Jacopo , Zulli Riccardo , Prabhakar Theja , Rath Ronil J. , Naficy Sina , Spilimbergo Sara , Weiss Paul S. , Farajikhah Syamak , Dehghani Fariba
Published: July 2024

Glucose plays critical roles in many human body functions, above all as a source of energy. Abnormal levels of glucose are correlated to different diseases, importantly including diabetes. As such, quantification of glucose levels in body fluids is essential for health monitoring. Blood tests and, more recently, portable interstitial fluid tests, currently represent the benchmarks for glucose detection. Inconvenient invasive methods such as blood tests pose burdens on both patients and the healthcare system. In this review, noninvasive approaches to measure glucose levels in the human body are discussed, utilizing saliva as an alternative to conventional blood samples. Techniques explored and with the potential to enhance accuracy and their associated challenges are discussed.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Deposition of Sepia Melanin and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Carbon Cloth: Toward Sustainable Surface Engineering for Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Hoseinizadeh Molood , Davari Nila , Gouda Abdelaziz , Hyat Hamza , Sain Mohini , Boffito Daria C. , Santato Clara
Published: July 2024

The rising global demand for energy requires, among others, sustainable energy storage devices. Biosourced redox‐active molecules are interesting for eco‐designed electrochemical energy storage as they increase the energy density of the electrodes adding the Faradaic (redox) storage mechanism to the electrostatic one. The engineering of the electrode surface and electrode surface/molecule interface is key to optimizing storage. Here, (i) electrodes prepared by ultrasound‐assisted modification of carbon cloth in the presence of Sepia melanin, a quinone macromolecule, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and (ii) their use in flexible symmetric electrochemical capacitors assembled with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based hydrogel electrolyte is reported. Electrodes exhibit an areal capacitance as high as 274 mF cm−2. Corresponding semi‐solid‐state symmetric supercapacitors feature high energy density of 18 Wh kg−1, power density up to 221 W kg−1 (evaluated at 0.5 A g−1), outstanding cycling stability (100% capacitance retention, and 100% Coulombic efficiency after 10 000 cycles) along with excellent flexibility. This work contributes to the development of sustainable surface engineering approaches for environmentally benign electrochemical energy storage devices.
Enhanced Efficient Solar Evaporation of Co/CoO Loaded on the Tobacco Stem Under Visible Light
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Chunyan , Zhang Anlong , Zhang Jindi , Zhang Lili , Huang Mengyang , Wang Jiaqiang
Published: July 2024

Solar‐driven water evaporation is an emerging technology in green technology of seawater desalination and sewage treatment. However, the quality of high cost, complex manufacturing, and a small amount of synthetic materials is the main obstacle to large‐scale applications. Biological carbon‐based materials have a large and efficient heat exchange area due to the naturally abundant pore structure, which plays an important role in regulating convection and radiant heat loss. However, single‐component carbon materials have limited photothermal conversion performance, which limits their large‐scale application. In this work, tobacco stem (TS) organisms loaded with Co/CoO nanoparticles are successfully prepared by one‐step pyrolysis. The synergistic effect of Co/CoO nanostructures and biocarbon materials enhances water evaporation performance, widening the absorption range of the material across the entire solar spectrum, and expanding the range of energy that can be converted into heat. Specifically, the water evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency of TS ‐Co/CoO (0.20) reached 2.22 kg m−2 h−1 and 139.4%, respectively, and its evaporation rate is 1.7 times the direct carbonized tobacco and 4.35 times the pure water. This work provides a research idea for the multifunctional and effective utilization of waste biomass materials and the construction of bionic structure solar photothermal materials.
Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Mediated Multimodal Cancer Therapy: Hyperthermia, Controlled Drug Release, and Antibody‐Based Precision
Authors: Pawar S. S. , Selyshchev O. , Rasabathina L. , Hellwig O. , Kedage V. V. , Zahn D.R.T. , Stephan V. , Kersting B. , Salvan G. , Chougale A. D. , Patil P.B.
Published: July 2024

Research in cancer therapies is rapidly advancing and demands the exploration of innovative approaches to further improve the efficacy of treatment. Here a multimodal approach for cancer therapy is reported which combines bioactive targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, and controlled drug release. For this, a nanoformulation MNP‐Chi‐Dox‐Ab, is bioengineered by conjugating CA 15‐3 antibodies to doxorubicin‐loaded functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Solvothermally synthesized MNPs of uniform spherical shape and size are functionalized with thermo‐pH‐responsive chitosan. The nanoformulation showed higher drug release of ≈65% at pH 5 and 42 °C temperature compared to the release at physiological pH and temperature. Furthermore, in an alternating magnetic field drug release is enhanced to 74%. Cytotoxicity studies in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells confirm the active targeting potential of the nanoformulation. For the nanoformulation without bioactive molecule (anti‐CA 15‐3) only 18% cancer cell death is noted whereas with the conjugation of anti‐CA 15‐3, 43% cell death is recorded. Flow cytometry studies revealed an increased apoptotic population at hyperthermic temperature (42 °C) compared to the physiological temperature. These results suggest that MNP‐Chi‐Dox‐Ab nanoformulation represents a promising multimodal platform for synergistic breast cancer therapy by combining active targeting, controlled drug release, and hyperthermia.
Crop advisors in the intermountain west and the challenges of soil health
Authors: Petrzelka Peggy , Ulrich‐Schad Jessica D. , Yost Matt , Barnett Matthew J.
Published: July 2024

Both agricultural lands and the role of crop advisors remain comparatively understudied in the Intermountain West (IMW) when it comes to the topic of soil health. Data from a survey of crop advisors in Utah is used to understand current and future soil health work in the region. Not all crop advisors engage in soil health work, but more are discussing it with clients than in the past. Respondents noted that information and costs are key barriers for farmers to managing soil health. Advisors also do not always feel they have the information and answers about soil health practices that farmers need. While crop advisors are one option for promoting producer understanding about soil health in the IMW, work is needed to better prepare them, and farmers will need other options and support to be successful in managing soil health.
Advancement in Carbon Nanotubes Optoelectronic Devices for Terahertz and Infrared Applications
Authors: Wang Yue , Sun Guangcheng , Zhang Xiaoju , Zhang Xiang , cui Zijian
Published: July 2024

Benefiting from the outstanding optical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hold significant potential in the fields of materials, physics, chemistry, biology, as well as emerging disciplines such as electronics and optoelectronics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments of CNTs optoelectronic devices operating in the terahertz (THz) and infrared (IR) wave range. At the beginning of this review, the unique structural characteristics of CNTs are introduced, overviewing their fundamental electronic structure, and emphasizing their impact on optoelectronics behavior. Further, on various synthesis techniques are discussion employed for the growth of single nanotube and the preparation of CNTs films. The penultimate section, the optical properties of CNTs are analyzed within the THz and IR spectral region and overview the application of THz time‐domain spectroscopy in extracting key material parameters of CNTs, and further discuss the theoretical models describing THz conductivity in CNTs. In the end, the most promising CNTs‐based device concepts are highlighted for sources, detectors, modulators, absorbers, and sensors within in THz and IR frequency band. This comprehensive review provides a valuable insight into the utilization of CNTs across various aspects of THz and IR optoelectronic devices.
Modeling and simulation of bi‐continuous jammed emulsion membrane reactors for enhanced biphasic enzymatic reactions
Authors: Ghoreishee Aref , Lee Daeyeon , Papavassiliou Dimitrios , Stebe Kathleen , Soroush Masoud
Published: July 2024

Bi‐continuous jammed emulsion (bijel) membrane reactors, integrating simultaneous reaction and separation, offer a promising avenue for enhancing membrane reactor processes. In this study, we present a comprehensive macroscopic‐scale physicochemical model for tubular bijel membrane reactors and a numerical solution strategy for solving the governing partial differential equations. The model captures the co‐continuous network of two immiscible phases stabilized by nanoparticles at the liquid–liquid interface. We present the derivation of model equations and an efficient numerical solution strategy. The model is validated with experimental results from a conventional enzymatic biphasic membrane reactor for oleuropein hydrolysis, already reported in the literature. Simulation results indicate accurate prediction of reactor behavior, highlighting the potential superiority of bijel membrane reactors over current technologies. This research contributes a valuable tool for scale‐up, design, and optimization of bijel membrane reactors, filling a critical gap in this emerging field.
Autonomous Robotic Ultrathin Laser‐Scribed Microheater for Effective Insect Control
Authors: Poon Wing Yan , Zhong Haosong , Xu Yang , Kim Minseong , Lin Jing , Yang Rongliang , Lee Kong Wai , Yuan Qiaoyaxiao , Tam Wan Hin , Li Mitch Guijun
Published: July 2024

Insects such as ants and termites have always been a common household hazard, closely correlated to various health risks causing allergies or infections. Present‐day chemical insecticides pose carcinogenic threats to human health and the environment, according to the World Health Organisation. Herein, a novel autonomous robotic ultrathin laser‐scribed microheater is presented as a safe, efficient, and cost‐effective alternative for insect control. A microheater is fabricated using an array of laser‐scribed micro‐wires and an autonomous robotic module, allowing for rapid and uniform heat transfer in less than 3 s. The integrated robotic microheater successfully (100%) eradicates household ants at 60 °C within 30 s. Such results significantly advance insect control, reducing treatment time from hours to seconds while attenuating chemical insecticides’ critical safety and health risks. Ultimately, this innovative approach demonstrates the promise of autonomous robotic microheaters for broader agriculture, healthcare, and manufacturing applications, where insect control is crucial.
Clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging profiles of autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 caused by novel VPS13D variants in Chinese
Authors: Dong Yue , Jia Milan , Tan Shuang , Li Xu‐Ying , Song Yang , Wang Xianling , Wang Zhanjun , Wang Chaodong
Published: July 2024

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxias (SCARs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. VPS13D gene is currently the only gene associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 (SCAR4), also known as VPS13D dyskinesia. SCAR4 is a rare inherited disease, with only 34 reported cases reported worldwide. In this study, we reported three independent SCAR4 cases with adolescent onsets caused by five novel variants of the VPS13D gene. Each patient carried one frameshift and one missense variant: Patient 1 with c.10474del and c.9734C > A (p.Leu3492Tyrfs*43 and p.Thr3245Asn), Patient 2 with c.6094_6107delGTTCTCTTGATCCC and c.9734C > A (p.Val2032Argfs*7 and p.Thr3245Asn), and Patient 3 with c.11954_11963del and c.9833 T > G (p.Phe3985Serfs*10 and p.Ile3278Ser). Two of the three patients shared nystagmus with an identical variant c.9734C > A. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated thoracic spinal atrophy in all three patients and corpus callosum atrophy in one patient, along with other typical manifestations of white matter degradation, cerebral atrophy, and cerebellar atrophy. These findings expanded the genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging spectrum of SCAR4, and provided new insights into the genetic counseling, molecular mechanisms, and differential diagnosis of the disease.
Cognitive performance of grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) during a discrimination learning task: Effect of the emotional valence of stimuli
Authors: Mortessagne E. , Bovet D. , Nozières C. , Pouydebat E. , Pifferi F.
Published: July 2024

Emotions are omnipresent in many animals' lives. It is a complex concept that encompasses physiological, subjective, behavioural and cognitive aspects. While the complex relationship between emotion and cognition has been well studied in humans and in some nonhuman primates, it remains rather unexplored for other nonhuman primate species, such as lemurs. In our study, we evaluated the performance of N = 48 grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) in a discrimination learning task using visual emotional stimuli. We tested whether the type of visual stimulus (positive, negative or neutral) influenced the cognitive performance of mouse lemurs. Individuals had to learn to discriminate between two platforms according to the associated visual stimuli and to jump to the target platform (leading to a reward). Our main finding was that emotional stimuli, whether positive or negative in valence, impaired cognitive performance when used as a target. Specifically, the lowest success rate occurred when the target was associated with the emotional stimuli, and the highest success rate occurred when it was associated with neutral stimuli. Our results show a similar pattern to that found in other primate species and support the adaptive role of emotion. Our results also support that individual differences could be a factor impacting the relation between emotion and cognition. This study is the first to explore how emotions interfere with the cognitive abilities of a lemur species and highlights the importance of acknowledging emotion in mouse lemurs as well as studying the emotion‐cognition interaction in a wider range of primate species.
Ultrasound imaging of the femoral and saphenous nerves
Authors: Fenech Michelle , Roche Bridie , Boyle Jerome
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Iatrogenic and traumatic injuries to the femoral and saphenous nerves, and their branches are uncommon but can be a cause of clinically pertinent lower limb dysfunction and neuralgia. Despite this, direct sonographic imaging of these nerves is not commonly requested or performed.

Methods

A review of the literature regarding the detailed relative anatomy, sonographic technique to image these nerves and their branches and their normal and abnormal appearances was conducted.

Discussion

These nerves are often in the direct imaging field of many ultrasound examinations including the assessment of the groin and lower limb vasculature and musculoskeletal studies. They can become entrapped at certain points throughout their path, where particular attention should be provided to these nerves.

Conclusion

Improved knowledge regarding the sonographic imaging of the femoral and saphenous nerves and their branches can assist identification and discrimination between normal and abnormal appearances, and subsequent ultrasound‐guided nerve blockades or radiofrequency ablations for pain management where required.
Acute aortic occlusion: A point‐of‐care ultrasound case report
Authors: Newman Erin
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Acute aortic occlusion (AAO) is a rare vascular emergency with significant associated morbidity and mortality

Methods

This case report discusses a 39‐year‐old gentleman with methamphetamine‐associated cardiomyopathy (MACM) who presented with bilateral lower limb ischaemia. A POCUS was performed to rapidly evaluate the patient on arrival, which demonstrated AAO. A literature review was conducted to identify similar cases where AAO was detected by POCUS.

Results

POCUS showed a left ventricular thrombus (LVT), an embolus in the distal abdominal aorta and no flow distal to the embolus, which is consistent with AAO. The patient was successfully reperfused and had a good outcome after a timely diagnosis and management.

Discussion

This case report outlines a rare pathology in an uncommon age group where POCUS can expedite diagnosis and management.

Conclusion

POCUS is a valuable tool, which can expedite and facilitate rapid revascularisation of AAO.
SRPK3 Is Essential for Cognitive and Ocular Development in Humans and Zebrafish, Explaining X‐Linked Intellectual Disability
Authors: Roychaudhury Arkaprava , Lee Yu‐Ri , Choi Tae‐Ik , Thomas Mervyn G. , Khan Tahir N. , Yousaf Hammad , Skinner Cindy , Maconachie Gail , Crosier Moira , Horak Holli , Constantinescu Cris S. , Kim Tae‐Yoon , Lee Kang‐Han , Kyung Jae‐Jun , Wang Tao , Ku Bonsu , Chodirker Bernard N. , Hammer Michael F. , Gottlob Irene , Norton William H. J. , Gerlai Robert , Kim Hyung‐Goo , Graziano Claudio , Pippucci Tommaso , Iovino Emanuela , Montanari Francesca , Severi Giulia , Toro Camilo , Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Cha Hyo Sun , Choi Cheol Yong , Kim Sungjin , Yoon Je‐Hyun , Gilmore Kelly , Vora Neeta L. , Davis Erica E. , Chudley Albert E. , Schwartz Charles E. , Kim Cheol‐Hee
Published: July 2024

Objective

Intellectual disability is often the outcome of neurodevelopmental disorders and is characterized by significant impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning. X‐linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a subset of these disorders caused by genetic defects on the X chromosome, affecting about 2 out of 1,000 males. In syndromic form, it leads to a broad range of cognitive, behavioral, ocular, and physical disabilities.

Methods

Employing exome or genome sequencing, here we identified 4 missense variants (c.475C > G; p.H159D, c.1373C > A; p.T458N, and c.1585G > A; p.E529K, c.953C > T; p.S318L) and a putative truncating variant (c.1413_1414del; p.Y471*) in the SRPK3 gene in 9 XLID patients from 5 unrelated families. To validate SRPK3 as a novel XLID gene, we established a knockout (KO) model of the SRPK3 orthologue in zebrafish.

Results

The 8 patients ascertained postnatally shared common clinical features including intellectual disability, agenesis of the corpus callosum, abnormal eye movement, and ataxia. A ninth case, ascertained prenatally, had a complex structural brain phenotype. Together, these data indicate a pathological role of SRPK3 in neurodevelopmental disorders. In post‐fertilization day 5 larvae (free swimming stage), KO zebrafish exhibited severe deficits in eye movement and swim bladder inflation, mimicking uncontrolled ocular movement and physical clumsiness observed in human patients. In adult KO zebrafish, cerebellar agenesis and behavioral abnormalities were observed, recapitulating human phenotypes of cerebellar atrophy and intellectual disability.

Interpretation

Overall, these results suggest a crucial role of SRPK3 in the pathogenesis of syndromic X‐linked intellectual disability and provide new insights into brain development, cognitive and ocular dysfunction in both humans and zebrafish. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:914–931
Diagnostic MRI Score to Differentiate Susac Syndrome from Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Marrodan Mariano , Calandri Ismael L. , Bocancea Diana I. , Ysrraelit Maria C. , Gomez Figueroa Enrique , Massó Páez Montserrat , Flores José D.J. , Rojas Juan I. , Ciampi Ethel , Ioli Pablo , Zanga Gisela , Ardohain Carolina , Fracaro Maria E. , Amaya Mariela , Tkachuk Verónica , Fernandez Victoria C. , José Gustavo , Silva Emanuel , Luetic Geraldine , Carnero Contentti Edgar , Köhler Eduardo , Pagani Cassara Fatima , Moran Dolores , Seimandi Carla , Paviolo Juan P. , D'elio Brenda , Da Prat Gustavo , Gatto Emilia , Cristiano Edgardo , Pujol Lereis Virginia , Ameriso Sebastian F. , Fiol Marcela P. , Correale Jorge
Published: July 2024

Objective

Susac syndrome (SuS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical features. We aimed to enhance diagnostic precision by developing the SPAMS (SuS, PACNS, MS) score, a practical radiological tool.

Methods

This multicenter study included 99 patients (43 SuS, 37 MS, 19 PACNS) from South American countries. Relevant MRI features were identified through an elastic‐net model determined key variables.

Results

The SPAMS score assigned 2 points for snowball lesions, 1 point for spokes‐like lesions, or if there are more than 4 lesions in the corpus callosum, corpus callosum involvement, or cerebellar involvement. It subtracted 1 point if gadolinium‐enhancing lesions or 4 points if Dawson's fingers are present. Bootstrapping validated the optimal cutoff at 2 points, exhibiting a diagnostic performance of area under the curve = 0.931, sensitivity = 88%, specificity = 89%, positive predictive value = 88%, negative predictive value = 89%, and accuracy = 88%.

Interpretation

When specific MRI findings coexisted, the SPAMS score differentiated SuS from MS and PACNS. Access to MRI and standard protocol sequences makes it a valuable tool for timely diagnosis and treatment, potentially preventing disability progression and severe clinical outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:846–854
Chemisch regulierte dynamische kombinatorische Peptid‐Bibliotheken
Authors: Späth Fabian , Soria‐Carrera Héctor , Stasi Michele , Sastre Judit , Kriebisch Brigitte A. K. , Boekhoven Job
Published: July 2024

In der dynamischen kombinatorischen Chemie (DCC) werden Bibliotheken von Molekülen erzeugt, die sich in einer dynamischen kombinatorischen Bibliothek ständig verändern. Wenn sich ein Mitglied der Bibliothek selbst zusammenlagert, kann es die Gleichgewichte verschieben, was zu neuen Phänomenen wie Selektion oder sogar Replikation führt. Solche dynamischen kombinatorischen Bibliotheken arbeiten jedoch in der Regel im oder nahe am Gleichgewicht. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue dynamische kombinatorische Chemie vorgestellt, die durch einen katalytischen Reaktionszyklus angetrieben wird, der transiente Makrozyklen auf Peptidbasis außerhalb des Gleichgewichts bildet. Die Produkte in dieser Bibliothek existieren außerhalb des Gleichgewichts auf Kosten eines Energieträgers und werden daher durch Kinetik und Thermodynamik reguliert. Durch die Schaffung einer chemisch regulierten dynamischen kombinatorischen Bibliothek mit dem riesigen Strukturangebot der Aminosäuren haben wir das Flüssig‐Flüssig‐Phasentrennungsverhalten der Bibliotheksmitglieder untersucht. Diese Studie bringt DCCs hervor, deren Peptidstrukturen so gestaltet werden können, dass sie das Verhalten der dynamischen Bibliothek steuerbar machen. Die Arbeit ebnet den Weg für neuartige, kontrollierbare Materialsysteme, die Verhalten und Eigenschaften zeigen, die an biologische Systeme erinnern. Diese Erkenntnisse sind relevant für die Entwicklung neuartiger Materialien und für das Verständnis über die Chemie des Lebens.
Alder‐Ene Reaction‐Mediated Suppression of Tin(II) Oxidation for Efficient Tin‐Lead Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yan Wenjian , Zhu Mingzhe , Xin Feifei , Zhou Zhongmin
Published: July 2024

Despite numerous studies have reported the inhibition of tin (II) oxidation in mixed tin‐lead halide perovskite, there remains a dearth of mechanistic information regarding how tin (II) undergoes oxidation in the precursor solution, particularly in terms of the involvement of DMSO. We here take advantage of density functional theory (DFT) to uncover that SnI2 can coordinate with DMSO and react with singlet oxygen, resulting in the generation of Sn (IV). Moreover, our DFT simulations reveal that benzaldehyde oxime (BZHO) competes with SnI2 in reacting with oxygen through the Alder‐ene reaction, hence effectively restraining the oxidation of tin (II), which is further verified by several experimental characterizations. Besides, the introduction of BZHO has also regulated the crystallization of the perovskite film and modified the electronic structure of the perovskite surface. As a result, the perovskite solar cells with the addition of BZHO demonstrate superior performance and operational stability, retaining 82 % of the initial PCE under continuous 1‐sun illumination for 800 hours. Furthermore, the efficiency of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells treated with BZHO reached 26.76 %. Therefore, this work presents a promising strategy for designing high‐performance and stable all‐perovskite tandem solar cells.