bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WE ONLY USE 10% OF OUR BRAINS AND OTHER NEUROMYTHS – A SURVEY OF TEACHERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Ramic Armin , Cehic Irma , Rustempasic Sanela , Malec Daniel , Memisevic Haris
Published: December 2022

Neuromyths are prevalent in all spheres of life and can be found in all professions. The teaching profession is especially susceptible to neuromyths as teachers want to provide the most effective, science-based instruction to their students. Sometimes these instructions are not based on scientific studies but on a misinterpretation of scientific findings or neuromyths. The goal of the present paper was to examine the prevalence of seven popular neuromyths in teachers in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH).

The sample for this study comprised 300 teachers from all parts of BIH. The research material comprised 300 teachers (232 females and 62 males) from all parts of BIH. Participants were either personally invited to the study or recruited through an online survey sent to schools throughout BIH and teacher organizations. As a method we used the Questionnaire consisting of basic demographic information on the participants (gender, working experience, type of teacher) and 7 neuromyths statements on which participants were asked to answer whether they think the statement is true, not true, or they do not know.

The results of this study indicate a wide prevalence of neuromyths in BIH teachers. The prevalence ranged from 17% to 82%. The most prevalent myth is about learning styles, while the least prevalent was that drinking less than 8 glasses of water causes a brain to shrink. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of neuromyths in relation to the teachers’ gender for every statement. However, the trend is not uniform. Although, overall the neuromyths were more prevalent in female teachers (for 5 items), for two neuromyth statements, male teachers had a higher prevalence. Additionally, the prevalence of neuromyths was more frequent in early-grade teachers. It should be noted that there are also differences in the results obtained for the different types of neuromyths.

Neuroscience is important for education and for the teachers. Thus, more attention should be given to the process of translating neuroscientific findings into useful facts for teachers. One way to improve this process is through the continual professional development of teachers in the field of neuroscience.
Effect of fibre laser welding parameters on the microstructure and weld geometry of commercially pure titanium
Authors: Abdulridha M.M. , Jilabi A.S.J.A.Z.
Published: December 2022

The primary purpose of the study was the metallurgical characterization of laser welds. The weldability of commercial production of pure titanium and titanium alloy (CP-Ti) has also been examined.

In this research, the laser fibre method was used to weld sheets of pure titanium, and then microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the changes in the microstructure, the depth of weld penetration and the width of the weld area with changing welding parameters.

The results proved that increasing the laser power significantly increases the depth of weld penetration and weld width. When the heat input is increased, the shape of the weld pool changes from a V shape to an hourglass shape. It was also observed that the depth of the crater formed increases with the increase in the laser power due to the increase in the melting and evaporation of the weld metal. Increasing the welding speed also has a negative impact on the weld geometry because it reduces the heat input and absorption of laser energy by the weld metal and thus reduces the melting of the metal. The microstructure of the fusion zone consists of acicular α. Fine grains formed in the weld centre at low heat input; the granules became columnar-like. Since commercially pure titanium contains a small amount of beta-phase stabilizers, the cooling rate is extremely high for martensite to occur.

In the future, it is recommended to study the effect of changing welding parameters on the mechanical properties of pure titanium because of its great importance in industrial and medical applications.

Studying the effect of changing laser power and welding speed on the metallurgical properties of pure titanium, and consequently its effect on the mechanical properties of welds.
Badanie związków między testami predyspozycji zawodowych policjantów a umiejętnościami taktycznymi zwartymi w procedurach policyjnych
Authors: Mátés Gábor
Published: December 2022

Ocena predyspozycji zawodowych policjantów jest uwarunkowana m.in. testem kompetencji przeprowadzanym przy przyjęciu do szkoły policyjnej, który powinien zweryfikować, czy policjant będzie w stanie sprostać stawianym mu w późniejszej pracy oczekiwaniom fizycznym i psychicznym. Na Węgrzech od 1 stycznia 2021 r. obowiązuje nowa regulacja w tym zakresie. W niniejszej pracy przedstawione i porównane zostały stare i nowe unormowania, a także starano się ustalić motywy wprowadzonych zmian. Zbadane zostały również związki między testami zdrowotnymi, psychologicznymi i sprawnościowymi a zdolnościami taktycznymi policjantów.
IMPLEMENTACJA PROGRAMÓW WPŁYWAJĄCYCH NA POPRAWĘ BEZPIECZEŃSTWA W RUCHU DROGOWYM
Authors: Kaczyńska Marta
Published: December 2022

Obecnie bezpieczeństwo w ruchu drogowym należy do najważniejszych wyzwań wielu dziedzin: zarówno w zakresie transportu, logistyki, jak i kwestii społecznej i ekonomicznej. Nieustannie wzrastający ruch drogowy oraz rosnąca liczba przewożonych towarów i osób znajdują się w spectrum działalności wielu resortów, instytucji i organizacji społecznych. Zapewnienie odpowiednich warunków bezpieczeństwa, których zadaniem jest ochrona zdrowia i życia ludzi, stanowi aktualnie najistotniejszą wartość. Bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego jest zatem jednym z najistotniejszych aspektów polityki zarówno Polski, jak i Unii Europejskiej. Innowacyjne rozwiązania powinny ograniczać negatywny wpływ ruchu drogowego przede wszystkim na społeczeństwo i środowisko. W tej sytuacji jednym z najistotniejszych narzędzi są programy wpływające na bezpieczeństwo użytkowników ruchu drogowego. W artykule zaprezentowano badania opinii społecznej na zagadnienia związane z bezpieczeństwem ruchu drogowego oraz przedstawiono działania, jakie podejmuje Polska, ale również te działania, które wynikają ze strategii bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego UE.
MŁODZI KIEROWCY A BEZPIECZEŃSTWO RUCHU DROGOWEGO
Authors: Krzewniak Daria
Published: December 2022

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie analizy uczestnictwa młodych kierowców w ruchu drogowym i ich wpływu na poziom bezpieczeństwa w tej sferze życia publicznego oraz wskazanie roli kultury bezpieczeństwa w przygotowywaniu niedoświadczonych kierowców do bezpiecznego poruszania się po drogach. Młodzi kierowcy stanowią szczególną grupę uczestników ruchu drogowego. Szczególność ta wynika z faktu, że stwarzają oni zdecydowanie największe zagrożenie dla siebie, swoich pasażerów i pozostałych użytkowników dróg aniżeli którakolwiek inna grupa. Charakteryzują się najwyższym wskaźnikiem liczby wypadków na 10 tys. populacji, a jednocześnie odnotowuje się wśród nich najwyższy wskaźnik ofiar w skali miliona przypadków. Założono, że taki stan w znacznej mierze wynika z posiadanych przez młodych kierowców cech, które zwiększają ryzyko powstawania zdarzeń drogowych. Wobec powyższego, przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym artykule uczyniono czynnik ludzki z całą jego złożonością. Na potrzeby badań wykorzystano metodę analizy literatury przedmiotu i dostępnych danych statystycznych.
NIELEGALNY HANDEL NARKOTYKAMI: TRENDY I ZAGROŻENIA KRYMINOLOGICZNE DLA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA PUBLICZNEGO
Authors: Larii Iurie , Nucu Marian
Published: December 2022

Treść artykułu odzwierciedla niebezpieczeństwa i tendencje kryminologiczne związane z nielegalnym handlem narkotykami, a także zagrożenia płynące z tego zjawiska dla bezpieczeństwa państw i ludności. Stwierdzono, że zasadnicza tendencja badanego zjawiska przejawia się występowaniem coraz większej liczby przestępstw związanych z nielegalnym obrotem narkotykami. Trend ten jest charakterystyczny zarówno dla Republiki Mołdawii i Rumunii, jak i dla innych państw świata. Handel narkotykami jest nie tylko realnym zagrożeniem dla bezpieczeństwa publicznego, ale także stałym środkiem finansowym, który ułatwia dojście do władzy politycznej. Dlatego walka z nielegalnym handlem narkotykami stanowiła i nadal stanowi złożony problem społeczny na poziomie krajowym i międzynarodowym, którego sposoby przejawiania się, następstwa i sposoby rozwiązywania muszą zainteresować zarówno instytucje państwowe, jak i opinię publiczną. Tezę tę uzasadnia fakt, że jest to zjawisko szczególnie poważne i niebezpieczne zarówno dla zdrowia ludności, jak i dla stabilności społeczno-gospodarczej oraz prawidłowego rozwoju państwowych instytucji demokratycznych.
SYMULATOR DZIAŁAŃ POLICJI W SYTUACJACH KRYZYSOWYCH JAKO NARZĘDZIE KSZTAŁTUJĄCE KOMPETENCJE DOWÓDCZE
Authors: Kacprowicz Łukasz , Świerczewski Łukasz
Published: December 2022

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie podstawowych działań Policji na rzecz przygotowania kadry dowódczej oraz funkcjonariuszy na stanowiskach wykonawczych
do efektywnej realizacji zadań służbowych związanych z prowadzaniem działań w ramach akcji i operacji policyjnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem imprez masowych, także tych o charakterze sportowym, meczów piłki nożnej oraz zgromadzeń. Ponadto, oprócz wskazania katalogu oraz scharakteryzowania systemu szkolenia i doskonalenia zawodowego, zaprezentowano działanie oraz sposób wykorzystania przeznaczonego do prowadzenia opisywanych kursów, nowoczesnego narzędzia dydaktycznego, korzystającego z technologii sztucznej inteligencji — Symulatora działań Policji w sytuacjach kryzysowych.
UMA ANÁLISE QUANTITATIVA SOBRE O USO DE TECNOLOGIAS EDUCACIONAIS NA PRÁTICA DOS ALUNOS DO CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE MINEIROS – GO
Authors: Vaz Nathália Silva , Maia Glenia Arantes , Soares Lorena Karine , De Lima Netto Aristóteles Mesquita
Published: December 2022

A tecnologia nas instituições de ensino tem ganhado importância para a estratégia de inovação brasileira, além de marcar um novo momento no desenvolvimento da informação e comunicação. Cada vez mais presentes no espaço acadêmico, as tecnologias digitais estão beneficiando a ampliação de novos modos de pensar e de aprender. O objetivo deste artigo inclui identificar o uso de tecnologias educacionais na prática dos alunos do curso de administração, destacando os desafios institucionais e sociais.  Trata-se de um estudo de caráter quantitativo em que, para a coleta dos dados, foi aplicado um questionário contendo dez perguntas aos dezoito estudantes do curso de administração em Mineiros – GO, desenvolvido a partir de leituras do referencial teórico sobre a utilização de tecnologias no ambiente educacional. A pesquisa apontou que, a tecnologia está presente no meio acadêmico dos alunos, assim como também influencia no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos estudantes. Verificou-se também a necessidade de introduzir mais ferramentas digitais no ambiente estudantil e promover, assim, um significado mais abrangente quando o assunto é tecnologia educacional.
Genetic diversity evaluation of Sojat goat population of India
Authors: SHARMA REKHA , SEHRAWAT RENUKA , AHLAWAT SONIKA , GURJAR M L , TANTIA M S
Published: December 2022

Sojat goat forms the part and parcel of the lives of the farmers in the Barmer region of Rajasthan. These are large-sized goats, white in colour, and have dual utility. These goats fetch premium price during the Eid festival. Assessment of diversity is essential for germplasm characterization and management. Genomic microsatellite markers being a valuable tool for estimating genetic diversity were selected for exploring existing genetic variability in the Sojat goat population. The standard metrics of genomic diversity detected moderate variability with a total of 162 alleles across 22 loci in this lesser-known population. The expected number of alleles had a mean value of 3.40±0.39. Similarly, a moderate magnitude of diversity was recorded in the Sojat population as the mean observed heterozygosity was 0.54±0.05. Expected heterozygosity was higher than the observed (0.60±0.06), indicating a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and the possibility of inbreeding due to the non-random mating in the population. Accordingly, significant heterozygote deficiency was noticed (F=0.08±0.03). The population did not suffer a reduction in effective population size in the last few generations. Mutation drift equilibrium did not reveal significant heterozygosity excess under different models of microsatellite evolution and no shift was recorded in the frequency distribution of alleles. To conclude, the results provided the first insights into the genetic diversity of Sojat goats. A moderate genetic variability with heterozygote deficiency within the population warrants immediate attention for scientific management of this unique goat population to conserve the existing genetic variation and to avoid any escalation of inbreeding.
Analysis of Jersey crossbred cows for lactation specific demographic parameters
Authors: LALMUANSANGI  , ROY ISHANI , RAHMAN MOKIDUR , MANDAL AJOY , BEHERA RAJALAXMI
Published: December 2022

In present study, lactation specific demographic analysis was carried out on 1728 records of Jersey crossbred cows maintained at Eastern Regional Station (ERS), ICAR-NDRI, Kalyani, West Bengal over a period of 40 years (1980-2019). The survival rate was 79% in first lactation and followed a decreasing trend with lactation order. The stayability for first lactation was one; decreased in subsequent lactations. Stayability was noted as 0.365, 0.052 and 0.015 at fourth, eighth and eleventh lactation respectively, indicating that only 36.5, 5.2 and 1.5 % of cows remained in the herd in these lactation period. Approximately 79% of total cows present in the herd belonged to first 4 lactations while less than 3% cows belonged to 9 and above parities indicating abundance of younger cows. The expected herd life was observed as 2.75, 2.222 and 1.721 in first, third and fifth lactation and decreased with parity order. The probability of cow being lost from the herd after first lactation was 21%. The present study concluded that the herd comprised of younger cows with a required annual replacement rate of 21% to keep the herd size constant.
Estimation of suitable extractant and critical level of B in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, cv. Sabour Agrim) for the soils of Indo-Gangetic plain of Bihar, India
Authors: MANDAL JAJATI , KUMAR SUNIL , PADBHUSHAN RAJEEV
Published: December 2022

This study is a synthesis of information on suitable extractant, critical level of B in soil and plant using cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) (Variety: Sabour Agrim) as a test crop grown in Inceptisols, Entisols and Alfisols of Indo-Gangetic plain of Bihar,India. A pot experiment was conducted with soils from 15 locations and five levels of B ( 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg B kg-1) and was replicated thrice. Four extractant methodologies were used for determination of B. The critical level of B in soil and plant was 0.55 and 21.15 mg kg-1 respectively. Among the four extractant methodologies, viz. hot-water-soluble (HWS), 0.02M hot-CaCl2 (HCC), 0.5 (M) KH2PO4(PDP) and 0.05 (M) HCl used in the present study. HCC proved to be the suitable extractant depending on the soil properties. Assessment of different B application rates revealed that the application of B should be between 0.4 to 3.0 mg kg-1 to avoid deficiency and toxicity symptoms and 2.0 mg kg-1 of B application emerged as the best treatment.
Influence of applied nitrogen on productivity, profitability and resource-use efficiency in winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) under semi–arid conditions of Afghanistan
Authors: KOHISTANI ABDUL WAHED , CHOUDHARY ANIL K
Published: December 2022

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the major cereal in majority of global drylands and thus, vital for the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers of such harsh agro-ecologies (Rana et al. 2014). Barley is such an annual cereal crop grown in environments ranging from the deserts of the Middle East to the higher elevation of Himalayas (Hayes et al. 2003). Barley has the ability to replace the wheat as the dominant crop due to its tolerance to drought and salinity in dryland areas (Rana et al. 2014), thus, it is a potential alternate cereal crop for wheat under changing climate scenario. Barley is more productive under adverse environments than other cereals. That's why; the barley is cultivated in all the provinces of Afghanistan in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions. The major barley growing provinces of Afghanistan are Takhar, Balkh, Faryab, Jawzjan and Ghazni (Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook 2016â€“17). According to Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook (2016â€“2017), the area, production and productivity of barley is drastically reducing in Afghanistan year after year due to poor productivity of the crop. At present, the area under barley cultivation is 219208 ha with the production of 301856 metric tons and average productivity of 1.38 t ha-1 (Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook 2016â€“17). The major constraints for low barley productivity in the nation are poor nitrogen (N) management and rainfed agro-ecologies (Omran et al. 2018). Since, the development of irrigation infrastructure needs huge investments in the nation, however, the precise N management strategy may still abridge the production gaps upto some extend and may result in large economic benefits to Afghan farmers. The rate of uptake and partition of N is largely determined by supply and demand during various stages of plant growth. Soil N supply, for example, must be high at tillering, stem elongation, booting, heading and grain filling requiring a greater amount for the development and growth of its reproductive organs and for an enhanced and high accumulation of proteins in the kernel (Choudhary et al. 2010). Moreover, nitrogen is considered as one of the most important factors affecting crop morphology. Thus, keeping in view above facts an investigation was undertaken by in winter barley.
POJOK LITERASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA SISWA KELAS III MI ALMOURKY
Authors: Ni Luh Rini Puspita  , Putri Almaidah  , Witnansih Rahmatya Tanaiyo  , Roswita A Dunggio  , Abdul Rahmat  , Isnanto Isnanto
Published: December 2022

In the process of teaching and learning, one aspect that cannot be separated is the ability to read. Every student has a variety of reading interests, and reading is an entry point for knowledge-based information. The capacity to understand what is written and read is clearly influenced by this interest. To increase students' interest in reading, elementary school students must get used to it. The Literacy Corner in the classroom is an important component that cannot be separated from the activities used for teaching and learning. The second grade students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al Mourky became the focus of this research. The method of collecting data through direct observation and documentation is the subject of research. The information obtained was then subjectively investigated, showing that, first, the proficiency angle is a serious emphasis on adjustment exercises that have just been carried out before teaching and learning exercises begin. Second, students can be more interested in reading if they have access to a literacy corner that they can use every day.
Classroom Discourse in Populated Classes in Tanzania: Questions as Pedagogical Lecturing Strategy at the University of Dar es Salaam
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Shartiely Erick
Published: December 2022

This paper reports the findings of a study on the utilisation of questions by lecturers in facilitating teaching and learning during lectures at the University of Dar es Salaam. Three objectives guided the study: (i) identifying the types of questions that lecturers use to facilitate teaching and learning; (ii) establishing the pattern of lecturers’ use of questions; and (iii) determining why lecturers use questions as a discourse strategy to convey information at a sophisticated level of academic rhetoric to facilitate knowledge delivery. Data used to demonstrate this linguistic practice were collected from eight (8) recorded lectures, and interviews with lecturers teaching first-year students in two departments of the University of Dar es Salaam: Political Science and Public Administration, and Sociology and Social Anthropology. Using the discourse analysis (DA) approach, the study identified and analysed the nature of questions as a discourse strategy for lecturers struggling to cope with rising numbers of undergraduate students, and as part of spoken registers generically applied in university teaching in Tanzania. The study found that lecturers used four types of questions: tag, rhetorical, closed-ended and open-ended questions. It further established that lecturers used the four types of questions as pedagogical strategy to stimulate students, involve them, and to manage a class. These four types of questions played a facilitative role in enabling knowledge transfer during lectures with large numbers of undergraduates being baptised to university teaching methods at the ‘deep-end’. Overall, this question pedagogical strategy proved to be useful at the University of Dar es Salaam that continues to witness a steady growth in the numbers of matriculating undergraduate students. This paper, therefore, broadens the understanding on how university lecturers utilise various discourse strategies to enhance knowledge delivery and understanding.
Judicial Approaches in Plagiarism Litigation: Lessons for Universities in East Africa
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Majamba Hamudi
Published: December 2022

The escalation of plagiarism in universities and subsequent litigations by postgraduate students seeking to challenge universities’ decisions through courts of law worldwide are noticeably increasing. This article reviews trends in plagiarism-related litigations involving postgraduate students in universities in East Africa. The focus is on select universities in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The objective is to determine the approaches that courts of law in the region, and those in other jurisdictions, have adopted in developing legal principles while determining plagiarism-related litigations. The recommendations advanced seek to assist courts in the region to determine cases in accordance with emerging and well-defined legal principles on plagiarism amplified in numerous precedents. The exposition can also inform university authorities to discharge their respective roles more effectively and diligently while dealing with plagiarism-related disciplinary cases. Potential student litigants can also be in a better position to make logical and informed choices with confidence on decisions arrived at by universities.
Sexism in Tanzanian Secondary School English Language Textbooks: Investigation of Adjective Attributions
Authors:   Dar es Salaam University College of Education (UDSM), Pangani Fides , Keya Antoni
Published: December 2022

This research paper investigates sexism in Tanzania’s secondary school English language textbooks with a focus on the adjectives used to describe women and men in textbooks published between 2005 and 2014. The paper aims to reveal how women and men are described, uncover gender ideologies conveyed by adjective descriptions and characterise the gender ideologies as hegemonic or deviant. Data were collected through a critical textual review of eight (8) textbooks. This paper is anchored on the Feminist CDA theory; and Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework was used as the analytic tool whereby data were described, interpreted and explained. The findings indicate that women and men are perceived differently in terms of number and types of adjectives attributed to them despite some similar attributions. In particular, there are more adjectives describing men than women. It is also found out that women are described mostly by physical property adjectives than other personalities. The study also revealed that some ideologies conveyed by adjectives are hegemonic, while others are deviant. Generally, the adjectives used to represent women and men in Tanzania’s secondary English language textbooks portray a sexist attitude about women and men since many adjectives still indicate gender stereotypes despite some positive changes.
Virtuell virkelighet (VR) i tannlege-utdanning
Authors: Øilo Marit , Gjerdet Nils Roar
Published: December 2022

Hovedbudskap

Simulering ved hjelp av virtuell virkelighet («Virtual Realty simulators» VRS) er godt egnet som læringsverktøy i flere odontologiske prosedyrer og kan gjøre overgangen fra preklinisk til klinisk undervisning lettere.

Simulering i odontologisk undervisning kan gi økt pasientsikkerhet ved at studentene blir øvet i ulike behandlingssituasjoner på forhånd.

Det er ingen VRS-systemer i dag som kan erstatte alle aspekter ved preklinisk ferdighetstrening, men den hurtige teknologisk utviklingen gjør VRS stadig mer anvendelig og klinisk relevant.
Virtuell mikroskopi i oral patologi på tannlegestudiet
Authors: Johannessen Anne Christine , Warfvinge Gunnar , Reibel Jesper
Published: December 2022

Hovedbudskap

Digital patologi gir nye muligheter for undervisning i oral patologi

Histopatologiske vevssnitt kan vises uten bruk av mikroskop

Studentene kan laste opp vevssnittene på egen datamaskin

Gir bedre muligheter for integrert undervisning med kliniske fag som oral kirurgi og oral medisin
Aspek Integrasi Penginjilan Paulus dalam 1 Tesalonika 1:5-6
Authors: Steven Silalahi Bonnarty
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif atas nas 1 Tesalonika 1:5-6 untuk melihat penginjilan yang dilakukan oleh Paulus dan menemukan aspek integrasi dalam penginjilan, yakni aspek verbal, aspek substansial, aspek spiritual dan aspek testimonial. Aspek-aspek yang dilakukan dalam sebuah integrasi ini memberikan kritik terhadap praktek-praktek penginjilan yang hanya mengutamakan kata-kata serta kelihaian menyampaikan Injil dan  mengabaikan aspek spiritual, atau mengutamakan aspek-aspek spiritual dan mengabaikan aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan.
Soundboard Scholar no. 2: Cover
Authors:   Soundboard Scholar, Eakins Thomas
Published: December 2022

The painting Home Ranch, by Thomas Eakins (1844–1916), executed in 1892, visually captures some of the atmosphere that must have prevailed in Henry Worrall’s frontier world. The singing guitarist has been identified as Franklin Schenck. Might he have been singing Home on the Range, first published in Kansas in 1873? His friend Samuel Murray sits on the right. Now part of the permanent collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Home Ranch was donated by the artist’s widow and by Miss Mary Adeline Williams in 1929. This reproduction is in the public domain, according to the Wikimedia Foundation. —Thomas Heck
Por um modelo forte de proteção jurídica à participação política da mulher : propostas de concretização imediata e de modificações estruturais
Authors: Machado Raquel , Almeida Jéssica , Ferreira Desirée , Viana Flávia
Published: December 2022

Apresenta os resultados colhidos no âmbito do subgrupo de trabalho voltado à participação feminina na política, no projeto de Sistematização das Normais Eleitorais do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral, realizado em 2021, para, a partir dos dados coletados, apresentar proposições de medidas imediatas e estruturantes para a promoção de um sistema forte de proteção jurídica da participação das mulheres. As conclusões são fruto de análises de documentos, discussões e levantamentos realizados em amplo diálogo acadêmico, social e institucional, a fim de proporcionar mais eficiência aos diferentes níveis de proposições. O modelo proposto considera a necessidade de modificações legislativas, mas também de interpretação das normas jurídicas já existentes. Desse modo, o trabalho busca contribuir para a formação de um sistema forte e eficaz de estímulo e proteção da participação política das mulheres.
DETERMINING PATTERNS OF INTEREST IN THE THEME OF STATE REGULATION OF ECONOMIC RISK IN SMALL ENTERPRISES ACTIVITY
Authors: ACHKASOVA S. , WU C. , ALFIMOVA A.
Published: December 2022

In the course of the intensification of globalization and integration processes in the world economy, activities of small enterprises are becoming increasingly exposed to new economic risks. This accounts for the necessity to determine the level and dynamics of interest in the theme of economic risk as well as for the emerging need to improve the system of its state regulation. The purpose of the research is to model the processes of assessing the level of interest and making decisions to improve the mechanisms of state regulation of economic risk. The research methodology is based on the use of the method of Internet resources analysis, the method of forecasting, the method of exponential smoothing, the decision support system (hereinafter DSS) Decision Making Helper, etc. In determining the level of interest in the theme of economic risk and conducting an analysis of it, Google Trends web application tools were used based on search queries for the category “economic risk” in Ukrainian, Spanish, Chinese and English. Based on the obtained data, trend line models were constructed for the distribution diagrams of search queries for the concepts of “riesgo económico” and “economic risk”, which have a satisfactory value of approximation reliability and can be used for forecasting. At the same time, the trend models for analysing user interest trends in Ukraine are of low quality. With the use of the DSS Decision Making Helper, the assessment of alternative options for state regulation of economic risk in small enterprises activities was carried out. In particular, the priority of improving the taxation process as the most effective and relevant mechanism was determined. The practical significance of the research findings suggests that the developed proposals can be applied in assessing the level and dynamics of interest in the theme of economic risk as well as in making decisions on its state regulation.
PREDICTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF MULTIGLAND PARATHYROID DISEASE USING THE METHOD OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, Ilyicheva E.A. , Bersenev G.A. ,   Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology
Published: December 2022

Background. Multigland parathyroid disease remains an unresolved problem in endocrine surgery. This is caused by the complexity of clinical and laboratory prediction, insufficient sensitivity of imaging methods and intraoperative monitoring of intact parathyroid hormone. The aim. To develop a predictive scale for multigland parathyroid disease in primary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and methods. We conducted a single-center prospective study which included 126 cases of surgical treat-ment of primary hyperparathyroidism (2019–2021). The main objective of the study was to develop a scale for predicting multigland parathyroid disease in primary hyperparathyroidism using the method of mathematical analysis. Results. The developed scale includes determination of serum levels of albumin-corrected calcium and parathy-roid hormone, glomerular filtration rate, measurement of parathyroid glands parameters according to ultrasound and/or scintigraphy and assessment of the consistency of these results and determination of the KIB coefficient. The results are appraised by points. If the total score is less than 2 points, multigland parathyroid disease is diagnosed; if the total score equals to or more than 2 points – single-gland parathyroid disease. Conclusion. Mathematical prediction of multigland parathyroid disease allows us to clarify the preoperative diagnosis and to plan the scope of surgical treatment.
Distinguishing Defective Anchor Bolts with Features Extracted from Ultrasonic Signal
Authors:   Singapore Institute of Technology, Talib Abdul Azziz Abd ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Lim Chun Yee ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Liew Chin Kian
Published: December 2022

Regular inspection on the condition of civil structure is critical to ensure structural integrity, prevent catastrophic failure and minimize downtime for emergency repair. Hitherto, the inspection on the anchor bolts relies on visual observation, which does not provide sufficient information to distinguish between normal and defective bolts. This paper aims to explore the classification of different types of defective anchor bolts based on ultrasonic signal through discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Multiple features are extracted from the ultrasonic signal to identify defective anchor bolts, thus improving the reliability of the inspection process.
Detection of Cut Notches and Corrosion on Anchor Bolts
Authors:   Singapore Institute of Technology, Yeo Dan Ker Ming ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Soh Chew Beng ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Liew Chin Kian ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Sampath Prakash ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Khan Rajkumar Abdul Rasheed ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Ang Barbara Ting Wei ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Talib Abdul Azziz Abd ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Lim Chun Yee ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Kurbanhusen Mustafa Shabbir
Published: December 2022

The overhead catenary system (OCS) comprises of the pantograph which presses against the underside of the lowest overhead wire or the contact wire. Current collectors are electrically conductive and allow current to flow through to the train and back to the feeder station through the steel wheels on one or both running rails. With water seepage due to occurrence of monsoon rain and porosity of the cement material, the mineral rich rock structure can undergo much more rapid degradation under an electrochemical process due to the potential of the OCS. SEM images of the corroded bolts segment show high porosity surface with corroded voids. EDX study shows the presence of high oxide, chloride, and iron elements as indicative of a corroded bolt. The first backwall echo of the ultrasonic peak amplitude provides an understanding of the length of a bolt. Comparative study can provide a signature of the bolts which have been corroded with less fringe peaks due to the presence of bolts’ threads which tends to wear out with the duration of corrosion. Fatigue cracks are mimicked and modelled with cut notches of varying depths on bolts followed by immersion in corrosive peroxide solution for accelerated corrosion. A good clear distinction of the presence of such peak signal amplitudes due to cut notches with the referenced backwall echo peaks of the corroded bolts could be registered by the ultrasonic tests. The height of the signal peak amplitudes could give an indication of the depth of cut at the notch and the quantity of such peaks provide an indication of the number of cut notches. The ultrasonic test provides an effective means for non-destructive testing of such bolts which are embedded in concretized underground tunnel.
Design and Fabrication of an Ultrasonic Testing Probe Holder to Inspect Overhead Anchor Bolts
Authors:   Singapore Institute of Technology, Sampath Prakash ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Talib Abdul Azziz Abd ,   Singapore Institute of Technology, Liew Chin Kian
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to study the design and fabrication of a novel ultrasonic testing probe holder for inspecting different types of carbon steel anchor bolts in an overhead position. There are many factors impacted by the new design of the probe holder, including test results quality, operating cost, inspection time, test efficiency, and inspection safety. The test consistency and time saved to inspect overhead bolts are the most important benefits for the new probe design, as it can obtain high-quality inspection results almost immediately with minimum manual operation required.
Approach to Determine the Characteristic Dimensions of Clinched Joints by Industrial X-ray Computed Tomography
Authors:   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Busch Matthias ,   Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Köhler Daniel ,   University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hausotte Tino ,   Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Kupfer Robert ,   Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Troschitz Juliane ,   Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Gude Maik
Published: December 2022

Destructive micrograph analysis (MA) is the standard method for the assessment of clinched joints. However, during the joint preparation for the MA, geometric features of the joint can change due to elastic effects and closing cracks. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a promising alternative to investigate the joint non-estructively. However, if the material properties of similar joining partners are the same, the CT is not able to correctly resolve surfaces in the joint that are close to or pressing onto each other. These surfaces are relevant for the determination of characteristic dimensions such as neck thickness and undercut. By placing a thin, highly radiopaque tin layer between the joining partners, the interfacial area in the reconstructed volume can be highlighted. In this work, a method for the localisation of the tin layer inside the joint as well as threshold value procedures for the outer joint contour in cross section images are investigated. The measured characteristic dimensions are compared with measured values from MA of the same samples and of samples without tin layer. In addition, possible effects of the tin layer on the joining point characteristics as well as problems of the MA are discussed.
Reflectivity Curves and Distance Gain Size (DGS) for Ultrasonic Discontinuity Sizing
Authors:   ATTAR, Grosser Paul
Published: December 2022

The use of Reflectivity Curves and the Distance Gain Size (DGS) method are useful techniques for the sizing of discontinuities using Ultrasonics.
The principal works on the theoretical relationship between the signal of a reflector at a specific distance and amplitude when compared to a known reflector.

These assessments are typically carried out in two ways:
• Use of Reflectivity Curves
• DGS Software or Calculations

This paper will cover the basis behind the development of these curves and the DGS system.
Dynamic Inspection of Surface-Breaking Defects using Induction Thermography
Authors:   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Vinod Kumar ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Manzano Carlos ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Unnikrishnakurup Sreedhar ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Zheng Jonathan ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Ngo Andrew CY
Published: December 2022

In comparison to other active thermography techniques, induction thermography can provide instantaneous results, is not affected by material emissivity/reflectivity and is indifferent to surface geometry. These advantages make it a promising technique to be applied for in-line/dynamic inspections. In this work, the thermal signatures from a titanium sample under different excitation parameters and moving speeds will be studied. To simulate surface-breaking cracks, electrical discharge machining (EDM) notches of varying lengths, widths and depths were made on the titanium sample. As with most applications, only a single side is accessible for inspection. Therefore, induction thermography in the reflection mode will be utilized in this work. After evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under various conditions and inspection speeds, the optimized configuration will be presented. The findings will be beneficial to researchers interested in implementing induction thermography in an in-line/dynamic inspection setting.
Towards Automation of Subsurface Defects Detection in Composites Through Analysis of Thermal Images Using a Hybrid Approach
Authors:   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Manzano Carlos ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Zheng Jonathan ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Kumar Vinod ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Ngo Andrew CY
Published: December 2022

Active thermal imaging has been attracting a lot of interest as a promising non-destructive technique since it allows the detection of subsurface defects in composites, as well as in other materials. Thermal images captured using this inspection method enable the visualization and localization of structural defects existing within a material. However, determining whether a feature captured in thermal images corresponds to structural defect is not always straightforward, it depends on an inspector’s experience. There is the need to automate the interpretation of thermal image datasets to enhance detection, identification’s accuracy and expedite the inspection of components in several industries making used of thermal imaging methods.

Herein, it is described the development of an automated subsurface defect detection system which makes use of a hybrid approach based on two models: a neural network based deep learning model and a signal processing method making use of thermal transport characteristics in solids. This complementary approach aims to reduce the identification of false positives as well as to provide a reliable identification of structural defects based on the thermal properties of composites. The implementation of the defect detection system into a portable infrared imaging device is also discussed.
A Review of Effectiveness on Quality Management System for Calibration Activity (ISO 9001:2015, ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and Conventional Method)
Authors:   C. Melchers GmbH & Co. - Malaysia Branch, Aslam Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Non-destructive test (NDT) is well-known testing and acts as an important and mandatory part of the quality system for the automotive, aerospace, and oil & gas industry. There are several available non-destructive tests (NDT) methods such as ultrasonic, magnetic, eddy current, and radiographic that intend to provide a measurement for the NDT inspector to interpret the reading of the equipment. The result of interpretation will determine the quality and defect detection. The calibration process of NDT equipment is a major element to make sure the equipment is precise and accurate. The calibration process will help to detect any failure of components in the NDT equipment. However, the current normal practice in the industry does not follow the best quality management system to perform calibration activities. Therefore, this paper (review) aims to extract the resulting traceability, competency of the calibrator, and calculation of measurement uncertainty. The 3 main procedures as reference are ISO 9001:2015, ISO/IEC 17025:2017, and the conventional method. All the 3 mentioned quality management systems will be compared, and the best quality management system will be identified to support the calibration activity.
Internal Surface Roughness Measurement of Metal AM Channels via X-ray Computed Tomography: A Case Study
Authors:   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Lifton Joseph J. ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Muhammad Adri Abu ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Tan Zheng Jie ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Malcolm Andrew A. ,   A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Malcolm Andrew A.
Published: December 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) is able to create engineering components with internal features that are unmeasurable using conventional tactile and optical methods; new methods for measuring internal inaccessible features in a non-destructive manner are required. In this work a metal additively manufactured (AM) component with an internal channel is fabricated and scanned via X-ray computed tomography (XCT) before and after undergoing internal surface polishing by means of abrasive flow machining (AFM). The internal surface roughness of the AM channel is characterised in 3D to better understand and control the AFM process. The results show that XCT is able to reveal the complex internal surface texture of metal AM components and to quantify the changes caused by the AFM process.
Field Applications for Multi-Frequency Microwave Imaging
Authors:   Applied Inspection Systems, Haigler Terry
Published: December 2022

The global composite materials market is expected to reach 128.82 billion by 2028. This leads to a 7.52% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) during the forecast period from 2021 to 2028. Composite materials are used to serve customers with a variety of highly complex engineered parts, design patterns, and structures. History shows the glass fiber and carbon fiber composites industry have been fueled by Japan, North America, and Europe. In recent years, there has been a shift toward Asia Pacific increasing the demand for glass and carbon fibers in the aerospace and wind energy sectors.

With the rapidly expanding use of non-metallic materials for piping, vessels and aircraft, laminates, polyethylene, and composite materials often pose examination challenges not typical of metallics in the multiple industries. These range from physical damage to chemical attack and either could occur in the layup or construction or as service induced damage. In this paper, employing multi-frequency advanced microwave technology, proprietary antennas, and software, we discuss the process as applied to Polyethylene piping, Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Fiberglass, Fiberglass overwrap repairs on steel pipe substrate, and other non-laboratory applications. Though field deployable microwave examination is just emerging as an NDT method, it has seen rapid development for materials where variations in dielectric constants can be imaged and displayed as A-, B-, and C-scan images then related to a change in condition of the material and its ability to perform as designed. Future work remains in improving the scanning apparatus for the vast variety of materials, deploying the technology on UAVs, and cataloging the MW responses to various materials and their specific deficiencies.

Discussions will be made, and case studies will be covered to inform the audience of manufacturing and service-related defects and failures related to various types of composite materials. This paper will discuss the how, when, where, and why of FRP blistering, cracking, debonding, fiber fracture, wrinkles, voids, delaminations, etc.
Higher Order Mode Cluster ( HOMC) Guided Waves - A novel technique for accurate detection and quantification of hidden corrosion
Authors:   ESCON Technologies Int. Pte Ltd,, Venkataraman K.S. ,   ESCON Technologies Int. Pte Ltd,, Vivekanand K.S. ,   ESCON Technologies Int. Pte Ltd,, Iyer Aditya Ramamurthi
Published: December 2022

Corrosion happening at the support regions, under sleeves, in interfaces of the pipes are severe and need reliable assessment. These hidden corrosion vary in nature based on the type of hidden region such as in resting supports, welded sacrificial pads or clamp supports just pipes wrapped in protective wrapping.
Ultrasonic NDT plays a major role in the inspection of these supports. Several NDE Techniques exist for such inspection but quantifying the wall loss in an accurate manner depends on the nature and extent of corrosion.

A new concept for the improved inspection of corrosion at the support region of pipelines using a short-range ultrasonic guided wave technique that uses a collection of Higher Order Modes Clusters, called here as HOMC* has been developed and verified at several field sites. Ultrasonic guided waves  (circumferential or axial modes), once generated will be reflected or transmitted from corrosion and other features on the pipe. Inspection can be carried out from the accessible portion of the pipe . This could be done as an in-service inspection without emptying the pipe. HOMC guided waves are unaffected by the point of incidence of the probe. Accurate Wall loss estimation is possible together with cross sectional profile of maximum thickness loss. Using this information an accurate remaining wall thickness assessment is achieved. The technique has been deployed from pipes 2inches and above and upto 20mm wall thickness.