bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sea urchin Diadema antillarum facilitates recruitment of the Critically Endangered Caribbean coral species Acropora palmata
Authors: Latijnhouwers KRW , van Aalst M , Huckeba J , Miller MW , Vermeij MJA , Chamberland VF
Published: August 2024

The functional extinction of the herbivorous sea urchin Diadema antillarum in the 1980s has contributed to the degradation of Caribbean coral reefs. In the early 2000s, recovering populations of D. antillarum were observed in several locations with mixed consequences for coral recruitment: D. antillarum improved habitat quality for settling coral larvae and recruits, but also contributed to settler mortality through (incidental) predation. To determine the relative importance of both mechanisms, tiles were deployed in the absence and presence of naturally occurring D. antillarum aggregations (2.0-2.8 sea urchins m-2) in Curaçao, after which benthic community composition, ex situ settlement, and long-term (2.5 yr) in situ post-settlement survival of Acropora palmata larvae were quantified. After 3 mo, the presence of D. antillarum resulted in 44% more crustose coralline algae and 52% less turf algae, and a 75% canopy height reduction on the tiles’ exposed habitats. On the cryptic undersides of the tiles, the presence of D. antillarum was linked to lower abundances of sessile invertebrates and macroalgae. Larval settlement was almost 2 times higher on tiles conditioned in the presence of D. antillarum, with a strong preference (>70%) for the cryptic sides of tiles. Settlers returned to areas of reef encompassing D. antillarum populations were twice as likely to survive to the age of 2.5 yr. These findings support the beneficial role of D. antillarum in promoting coral recruitment by creating preferred settlement habitat and by increasing settler survival, and could be leveraged to improve coral restoration practices through dual-species conservation and/or co-culture strategies.
Pendidikan Karakter Perspektif Islam Studi Komparasi Pemikiran Muhammad Nur Suwaid, Ibnu Miskawaih Dan Al Ghazali
Authors: Lutfi Muhammad , Maula Rafikatul , Zainab Iin , Jazilurrahman Jazilurrahman
Published: August 2024

This research wants to know the principles of character education from an Islamic perspective according to the thoughts of Muhammad Nur Suwaid, Ibnu Miskawaih and Al Ghazali. The nature of this research is library research, namely research on literature books related to the topics discussed. The source of the data in this study is the biography of the thoughts of Muhammad Nur Suwaid, Ibn Miskawaih and Al Ghazali. Character education according to the thoughts of Muhammad Nur Suwaid, Ibnu Miskawaih and Al Ghazali is to prepare children to enter a more global era but still hold fast to the teachings of their Lord. The principles of character education are the thoughts of Muhammad Nur Suwaid, Ibnu Miskawaih and Al Ghazali who are oriented towards the nature of the child.
Standarisasi Mutu Musyrif Dalam Menjamin Kualitas Pendidikan di Ma’had Aly Nurul Jadid
Authors: Hidayah Hikmatul , Rohmah Mawadatur , Hefniy Hefniy
Published: August 2024

This research is a qualitative research that aims to find out and evaluate how big the quality standards of musyrif and musyrifah services are as well as the quality of these musyrif musyrifahs in the academic process that exists at Ma'had Aly Nurul Jadid. Where musyrif musyrifah here is the manager and activator who accompanies, helps, motivates, conditions and directs students at Ma'had Aly Nurul Jadid. Musyrif musyrifah is a supervisor and mentor in the learning process both in academic and specialization programs. The results of the study show that the standardization of the quality of musyrif musyrifah can be concluded, namely with musyrif musyrifah services for programs that run in ma'had aly where musyrif musyrifah become parents, supervisors, mentors as well as being a place to seek insight into the turats book. The second standardization is that it can be expressed by the quality of the musyrif musyrifah itself, both in terms of the academic quality that was carried out before becoming a ma'had aly graduate, it can also be seen from the dedication that has been carried out. So in this case, musyrif musyrifah learns as well as applies his knowledge with scientific charity and practical knowledge.
Challenges of Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Madrasah
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the optimization of online learning based on parental involvement in madrasas during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method of case study type. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique is carried out through data collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results of the study show that the challenges of online learning implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic include the readiness that educators must have, student factors and geographical challenges. This research provides implications for the importance of learning designs that teachers in online learning activities must make to perfectly realize educational and learning objectives.
Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru PAI Melalui Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Zainab Iin
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This study aims to describe Principal Leadership in Improving Teacher Performance at MTs Nurul Qadim Paiton. This research uses a qualitative descriptive with a case study research type. The subjects in this study were the principal and teachers. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and document studies. The data analysis technique is by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. While testing the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the principal's leadership in improving teacher performance at MTs Nurul Qadim Paiton is shown in the form of task-oriented and relationship-oriented principal behavior. Task orientation is carried out in the form of supervision and the provision of sanctions and rewards. Meanwhile, relationship orientation is carried out in the form of exemplary, attention to subordinates, and providing training.
Pola Kepemimpinan Kiai dalam Modernisasi Manajemen Pesantren
Authors: Hasan Zainul , Sugiono Sugiono
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to analyze and examine how the figure of the kiai as the head of the Islamic boarding school manages the Islamic boarding school by modernizing management. Which leadership is required to have the ability to carry out innovations that are no longer relevant to the current situation in order to achieve the vision and mission of Islamic boarding schools. The research method used is qualitative research with a case study type. Data collection procedures through observation, interviews, and documentation. As well as data analysis used with data reduction, data display and data verification. The research focus in this study is: How is the kiai's leadership pattern in the modernization of pesantren management. The research method used is qualitative research with a case study type. Data collection procedures through observation, interviews, and documentation. As well as data analysis used with data reduction, data display and data verification. Based on the research that has been done, it is found that: The Kyai's Leadership Pattern in the Modernization of Islamic Boarding School Management consists of three main elements, namely: exemplary nature (Uswah Hasanah), attention to subordinates and service taining.
Analisis Kebijakan Kiai dalam Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Trilogi Santri dan Panca Kesadaran Santri di Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Khoiriyah Rizka , Masruroh Dzurrotul , Jazilurrahman Jazilurrahman , Aisyah Nur
Published: August 2024

Leadership or leadership has been the study of experts and practitioners from time to time and has always been something interesting to study because the theories and approaches continue to develop and evolve. Trilogy of Santri and Awareness of Santri at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid. researchers used qualitative research. That is a study in which data presentation is in the form of words or sentences. This qualitative approach aims to understand the phenomena that occur through a holistic picture and broaden an in-depth understanding of the formation of inculcation of character values. The results of this study are the founder's background in applying the five awareness of the santri, Religious Awareness For Nurul Jadid's students, religious awareness is a starting point that must be instilled in him; Knowledgeable Awareness, Knowledge definitively means knowing the unknown (idrakul majhul),; National and State Awareness The philosophical foundation that underlies KH. Zaini Mun'im; organizational awareness, kiai policy in instilling the values of the trilogy of santri.the cleric's policies in instilling the values of the santri trilogy.
Manajemen Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas di Sekolah
Authors: Zainuddin Zainuddin , Munif Muhammad
Published: August 2024

This study aims to obtain an overview of management Human Resource Development at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) I Probolinggo which includes: Planning, Organizing, Implementing and Monitoring Programs Human Resource Development. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. The data collected in this study through participatory observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and documentation study. The results showed that: (1) Planning for human resource development programs (teachers) is carried out at the beginning of the new academic year through workshops. The teacher development strategy uses a "make approach", namely education and training. (2) Organizing the HR (Teacher) program is carried out by forming a committee and division of tasks and responsibilities for program implementation. (3) The implementation of the HR (Teacher) development program has been running in accordance with the planning, and (4) Supervision in the implementation of the HR development program (Teacher) is carried out by the principal directly or indirectly through the report of the activity committee.
Analisis Implementasi Kurikulum K-13 di Madrasah
Authors: Ishomuddin Cholid , Maula Rofikatul
Published: August 2024

This research focuses on the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum at Madrasah Aliyah Bahrul Ulum. The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of the 2013 curriculum and identify the factors that influence the implementation of the curriculum. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with three main instruments; observation, interviews and documentation used to collect data. The results we got from research at the Madrasah Aliyah Bahrul Ulum in its implementation went through 3 stages namely facilitation, socialization, and teacher preparation. From the results of the study it was concluded that all components including government, schools, teachers, parents, students, and stake holders must be interested in and support the implementation of K 13 Madrasah Aliyah Bahrul Ulum.
Odontología digital: Estado del arte
Authors: Gallardo YNR
Published: August 2024

Hace algunas décadas, en función de los notables avances tecnológicos surgió el término de odontología digital. Este término es cada vez más familiar para los estudiantes, docentes, clínicos y técnicos, sin embargo, ¿qué significa realmente odontología digital? Odontología digital significa tener un mapa claro del plan de tratamiento, tener herramientas que mejoran la visualización de los posibles resultados finales permitiendo una mejor explicación al paciente, significa seguridad, reproducibilidad y predictibilidad en los tratamientos odontológicos y, finalmente significa mejorar la comunicación y el trabajo en equipo. Las tecnologías digitales entonces nos ofrecen muchas ventajas que están sustentadas científicamente,1-3 por consiguiente, podemos utilizar estas herramientas de forma segura en nuestra práctica clínica.
Desempeño de la pasta Tri-Antibiótica en un tratamiento de Pulpectomía Convencional
Authors: Estacio Gallegos Adriam Ivan , Alarcón-Calle Catherine Sharlot , Navarro-Betetta Rossmary
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Describir el desempeño de la pasta tri-antibiótica mediante la evaluación clínica y radiográfica en una pulpectomía convencional durante 14 meses. Reporte de caso: Paciente de sexo femenino de 5 años 10 meses acudió a la Clínica Odontológica de la Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima-Perú, junto a su madre, la cual solicitó una evaluación general. Al examen clínico, se observaron múltiples lesiones de caries dental y se diagnosticó pulpitis irreversible en la pieza 75. El plan de tratamiento integral incluyó una pulpectomía convencional en dos citas debido al comportamiento negativo de la paciente. Sin embargo, en la última cita, se optó por realizar la pulpectomía mediante la colocación de la pasta tri-antibiótica solo en la entrada de los conductos y piso de la cámara pulpar de la pieza 75, que ya había sido parcialmente instrumentada. Luego, la pieza 75 fue restaurada con una corona de acero. Posteriormente, la paciente tuvo controles periódicos, y después de 14 meses de seguimiento, la pieza 75, clínicamente no presentó sintomatología y radiográficamente se observó la conservación de los tejidos radiculares. Conclusiones: La utilización de la pasta tri-antibiótica aplicada solo la entrada de los conductos y piso de la cámara pulpar en el tratamiento de pulpectomía convencional demostró buen desempeño clínico y radiográfico a los 14 meses de seguimiento en un paciente de 5 años.
Recomendación del Editor
Authors: Alvarez Vidigal Evelyn
Published: August 2024

Investigaciones realizadas desde el embarazo hasta los primeros años de vida han demostrado que las características socioeconómicas familiares durante el embarazo y los hábitos de la madre durante el período gestacional, puede influir en las preferencias alimentares del niño, lo que a su vez podría facilitar el desarrollo de caries de la primera infancia y otras enfermedades crónicas que tienen factores de riesgo comunes.
Trauma Discourse in Christopher Robin Movie
Authors: Nadia Fadilatul , Putra Ansor , Amstrong Neil
Published: August 2024

This research is based on the trauma of someone in a movie, seen in the movie used trauma discourse theory. The objective of this research is to find out how the trauma discourse appeared in Christoper Robin's movie based on Zaumseil and Indradjaja's theory. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The source of data in this research was taken from the Disney watch page. The researcher found that two elements of trauma discourse seen in two characters are Christoper Robin and Winnie the Pooh in the two aspects such as reasonable fear and worry and culturally specific suffering in terms of the inner and outer realm of trauma discourse. From the several aspects above, the creation of past trauma has an impact on finding out the characteristics of people who experience discourse trauma in their speech both for them and for those around them. This research concludes that someone who has experienced trauma is very influential when he speaks or conveys a message. This can be seen from the language used and the actions taken by the characters in the film Christopher Robin.
LLLT accelerates experimental wound healing under microgravity conditions via PI3K/AKT-CCR2 signal axis
Authors: Ye Rongan , He Yu , Ni Wei , Zhang Yiqiu , Zhu Ying , Cao Muqing , He Ruida , Yao Min
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

The risk of skin injuries in space is increasing with longer space missions and a growing astronaut population. This highlights the importance of understanding the adverse effects of weightlessness on wound healing. The objective of this research was to examine the therapeutic potential of Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) on skin healing processes under simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms, thus providing innovative solutions and a sound theoretical basis for space skin injuries.

Methods

Hindlimb unloading (HU) mice models were used to simulate weightlessness conditions, with or without a complete management of LLLT for 14 days. A systematic testing consisting of HE, Masson and immunohistochemical staining was performed against the standardized mouse tissue specimens. In vitro assessment of cellular biological functions under SMG conditions was carried out in the rotation system of culture (RSOC) using HaCaT and NIH3T3 cell-lines.

Results

Under SMG conditions, LLLT significantly reduced skin wound area in HU mice, especially on Days 10 (p < 0.001), accompanied by increased collagen deposition and elevated levels of Ki67 and CD31. Moreover, LLLT showed impressive anti-inflammatory effects represented by the reduced in pro-inflammatory markers including LY6G, F4/80 and CD86, as well as the decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Conversely, an elevation in the anti-inflammatory marker CD206 was observed. By employing bioinformatics technology, we further found the PI3K/AKT signaling was prominent in the KEGG pathway analysis and CCR2 acted as a hub gene in the interaction network. Therefore, we demonstrated that LLLT could enhance the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and reduce CCR2 expression under SMG conditions, while CCR2 knockdown promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT, suggesting an important role of CCR2/PI3K/AKT signal axis in LLLT-accelerated wound healing under SMG conditions.

Conclusion

LLLT induced activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through suppression of CCR2 expression, which significantly enhanced skin wound healing under SMG conditions.s.
Application of CRISPR/Cas-based gene-editing for developing better banana
Authors: Tripathi Leena , Ntui Valentine O. , Tripathi Jaindra N.
Published: August 2024

Banana (Musa spp.), including plantain, is one of the major staple food and cash crops grown in over 140 countries in the subtropics and tropics, with around 153 million tons annual global production, feeding about 400 million people. Despite its widespread cultivation and adaptability to diverse environments, banana production faces significant challenges from pathogens and pests that often coexist within agricultural landscapes. Recent advancements in CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing offer transformative solutions to enhance banana resilience and productivity. Researchers at IITA, Kenya, have successfully employed gene editing to confer resistance to diseases such as banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) by targeting susceptibility genes and banana streak virus (BSV) by disrupting viral sequences. Other breakthroughs include the development of semi-dwarf plants, and increased β-carotene content. Additionally, non-browning banana have been developed to reduce food waste, with regulatory approval in the Philippines. The future prospects of gene editing in banana looks promising with CRISPR-based gene activation (CRISPRa) and inhibition (CRISPRi) techniques offering potential for improved disease resistance. The Cas-CLOVER system provides a precise alternative to CRISPR/Cas9, demonstrating success in generating gene-edited banana mutants. Integration of precision genetics with traditional breeding, and adopting transgene-free editing strategies, will be pivotal in harnessing the full potential of gene-edited banana. The future of crop gene editing holds exciting prospects for producing banana that thrives across diverse agroecological zones and offers superior nutritional value, ultimately benefiting farmers and consumers. This article highlights the pivotal role of CRISPR/Cas technology in advancing banana resilience, yield and nutritional quality, with significant implications for global food security.
The second extended model of consumer trust in cryptocurrency payments, CRYPTOTRUST 2
Authors: Zarifis Alex , Fu Shixuan
Published: August 2024

Cryptocurrencies’ popularity is growing despite short-term fluctuations. Peer-reviewed research into trust in cryptocurrency payments started in 2014. While the model created then, is based on proven theories from psychology and supported by empirical research, a-lot has changed in the past 10 years. This research finds that the original model is still valid, but it is extended to capture the current situation better. A quantitative methodology is used to validate the updated model proposed. The results from the quantitative survey show that (1) personal innovativeness in technology and (2) finance, influence (3) disposition to trust. Disposition to trust influences six variables from the specific context of the payment. Three variables related to the cryptocurrency itself are (4) stability in the value, (5) transaction fees, and (6) reputation. Institutional trust is influenced by (7) regulation, and (8) payment intermediaries. The last contextual factor is (9) trust in the retailer. The six variables from the context influence (10) trust in the payment which, finally, influences (11) the likelihood of making the cryptocurrency payment.
Bactericidal, anti-hemolytic, and anticancerous activities of phytofabricated silver nanoparticles of glycine max seeds
Authors: Kumar K. B. Vijendra , Varadaraju Kavitha Raj , Shivaramu Prasanna D. , Kumar C. M. Hemanth , Prakruthi H. R. , Shekara B. M. Chandra , Shreevatsa Bhargav , Wani Tanveer A. , Prakasha K. C. , Kollur Shiva Prasad , Shivamallu Chandan
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Soybean is a rich source of bioactive components with good nutritional support and is easily available. In the treatment of cancer, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from plant-based samples has gained attentions due to its potency and feasibility. In the present study, using soybean extracts (GM), silver nanoparticles are synthesized and analyzed for their anticancer potency.

Methods

The synthesized GM-AgNPs were characterized via UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques for further analysis. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc method and anti-hemolysis activity using the in vitro method, followed by anticancer property evaluation by cytotoxicity, cell migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle.

Results and discussion

Our results showed that the synthesized GM-AgNPs were spiral-shaped with a size range of 5–50 nm. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the maximum zone of inhibition at 250 μg/mL in comparison with gentamicin. On exploring the anti-hemolysis efficiency, at 200 μg/mL, GM-AgNPs showed no hemolysis in comparison to the extract which showed 40% hemolysis. On analysis of GM-AgNPs against the breast cancer cell line, the nanoparticles displayed the IC50 value of 74.04 μg/mL. Furthermore, at the IC50 concentration, cancer cell migration was reduced. The mechanism of action of GM-AgNPs confirmed the initiation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the sub-G0/G1 (growth phase) phase by 48.19%. In gene expression and protein expression analyses, Bax and Bcl-2 were altered to those of normal physiology.
Diagnostic and prognostic potential of the intra-tumoral microbiota profile in HPV-independent endocervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xin , Chen Lili , Lin Wanrun , Zheng Wenxin , Zhang Huijuan , Zhou Feng
Published: August 2024

Background

Microbial community dynamics have been involved in numerous diseases, including cancer. The diversity of intertumoral microbiota in human papillomavirus independent endocervical adenocarcinoma (HPVI ECA) is not well-characterized.

Objective

Our objective is to delineate the intratumoral microbiota profile in HPVI ECA and investigate its potential influence on oncogenesis.

Methods

We analyzed 45 HPVI ECA cases, comprising 36 gastric-type ECA (GEA) and 9 clear cell carcinomas (CCC). We compared the microbial composition within cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples using 5R-16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Further, we investigated the correlation between specific microbes and clinical-pathological metrics as well as patient outcomes.

Results

Our findings demonstrate notable differences in the microbial spectra between cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Amongst HPVI ECA subtypes, GEAs exhibit more microbial variations compared to CCCs. Using the Random Forest algorithm, we identified two distinct microbial signatures that could act as predictive biomarkers for HPVI ECA and differentiate between GEA and CCC. Varied microbial abundances was related to clinical characteristics of HPVI ECA patients. In addition, high levels of Micrococcus and low levels of unknown genus75 from the Comamonadaceae family were associated with poorer outcomes in HPVI ECA patients. Similarly, an abundance of Microbacterium correlated with reduced overall survival (OS), and a high presence of Streptococcaceae family microbes was linked to reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS) in GEA patients. Intriguingly, a high abundance of Micrococcus was also associated with a worse OS in GEA patients.

Conclusion

The study reveals distinct microbial signatures in HPVI ECA, which have potential as biomarkers for disease prognosis. The correlation between these tumor-associated microbiota features and clinicopathological characteristics underscores the possibility of microbiome-based interventions. Our research provides a foundation for more in-depth studies into the cervical microbiome’s role in HPVI ECA.
Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for 3- and 5-year new-onset atrial fibrillation in HFpEF patients
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Xie Zhonglei , Wang Fengjiao , Zhang Wenzhong
Published: August 2024

Background

Patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are more prone to atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Nevertheless, a risk prediction model for new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in HFpEF patients remains a notable gap, especially with respect to imaging indicators.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 402 HFpEF subjects reviewed at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2017 to 2023. Cox regression analysis was performed to screen predictors of NOAF. A nomogram was constructed based on these factors and internally validated through the bootstrap resampling method. A performance comparison between the nomogram and the mC2HEST score was performed.

Results

Out of the 402 participants, 62 (15%) developed atrial fibrillation. The risk factors for NOAF were finally screened out to include age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hyperthyroidism, renal dysfunction, left atrial anterior–posterior diameter (LAD), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), all of which were identified to create the nomogram. We calculated the bootstrap-corrected C-index (0.819, 95% CI: 0.762–0.870) and drew receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves [3-year areas under curves (AUC) = 0.827, 5-year AUC = 0.825], calibration curves, and clinical decision curves to evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical adaptability of the six-factor nomogram. Based on two cutoff values calculated by X-tile software, the moderate- and high-risk groups had more NOAF cases than the low-risk group (P < 0.0001). Our nomogram showed better 3- and 5-year NOAF predictive performance than the mC2HEST score estimated by the Integrated Discriminant Improvement Index (IDI) and the Net Reclassification Index (NRI) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The nomogram combining clinical features with echocardiographic indices helps predict NOAF among HFpEF patients.
Contents of exosomes derived from adipose tissue and their regulation on inflammation, tumors, and diabetes
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Li Qingfeng , Zhou Shuangbai , Tan Pohching
Published: August 2024

Adipose tissue (AT) serves as an energy-capacitive organ and performs functions involving paracrine- and endocrine-mediated regulation via extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, contain various bioactive molecules with regulatory effects, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. AT-derived exosomes (AT-exos) include exosomes derived from various cells in AT, including adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. This review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of different AT-exos on the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The contents and functions of adipocyte-derived exosomes and ADSC-derived exosomes are compared simultaneously, highlighting their similarities and differences. The contents of AT-exos have been shown to exert complex regulatory effects on local inflammation, tumor dynamics, and insulin resistance. Significantly, differences in the cargoes of AT-exos have been observed among diabetes patients, obese individuals, and healthy individuals. These differences could be used to predict the development of diabetes mellitus and as therapeutic targets for improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential applications of AT-exos.
Construction of a new tool for predicting cancer-specific survival in papillary thyroid cancer patients who have not received surgery
Authors: Chen Sanjun , Tan Yanmei , Huang Xinping , Tan Yanfei
Published: August 2024

Background

The prevalence of papillary thyroid cancer is gradually increasing and the trend of youthfulness is obvious. Some patients may not be able to undergo surgery, which is the mainstay of treatment, due to physical or financial reasons. Therefore, the prediction of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with non-operated papillary thyroid cancer is necessary.

Methods

Patients’ demographic and clinical information was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. SPSS software was used to perform Cox regression analyses as well as propensity score matching analyses. R software was used to construct and validate the nomogram. X-tile software was used to select the best cutoff point for patient risk stratification.

Results

A total of 1319 patients were included in this retrospective study. After Cox regression analysis, age, grade, T stage, M stage, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were used to construct the nomogram. C-index, calibration curves, and receiver operating characteristic curves all verified the high predictive accuracy of the nomogram. The decision curve analysis demonstrated that patients could gain clinical benefit from this predictive model. Survival curve analysis after propensity score matching demonstrated the positive effects of radiotherapy on CSS in non-operated patients.

Conclusion

Our retrospective study successfully established a nomogram that accurately predicts CSS in patients with non-operated papillary thyroid cancer and demonstrated that radiotherapy for operated patients can still help improve prognosis. These findings can help clinicians make better choices.
Dynamic microbiome and mobile resistome are revealed in river biofilms from a multi-use watershed through long-read sequencing
Authors: Mills Molly , Wittum Thomas , Lee Jiyoung
Published: August 2024

The dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) through various environments and the role of AR hotspots in public health crises are gaining increasing attention. Aquatic biofilms are speculated to play a significant role in AR spread due to their collection of diverse microorganisms and facilitation of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). However, few studies have characterized the AR genes (resistome) present in natural river biofilms. The goal of this study was to use MinION long-read sequencing to analyze the microbiome, resistome, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in periphyton (epilithic biofilms) (n = 56) from a multiuse watershed in Ohio, to elucidate the role of periphyton in clinically relevant AR. Key members of the periphyton microbiome included Flavobacterium and Aeromonas. Overall, periphyton microbial communities shifted with season and location. Specifically, species of Porphyrobacter and Cyanobacteria were more abundant in biofilms during the summer season. Potentially pathogenic bacteria, including the family Enterobacteriaceae, the fish pathogen Pseudomonas koreensis, and the human pathogen Shigella flexneri, were more abundant in sites downstream of the large city, Columbus, OH, than upstream. The periphyton resistome carried diverse AR genes for a variety of classes, but had minimal clinical relevance. Escherichia, Escherichia coli, and Muvirus were common hosts of AR genes (ARGs) and MGEs. Pseudomonas and Cyanobacteria were frequently MGE hosts, but not AR genes, indicating the potentially important role of these taxa in HGT within and around biofilms. While the sequencing depth in this study was relatively shallow, these findings highlight the mobility potential for the transmission of ARGs in river biofilms.
Data-driven novel deep learning applications for the prediction of rainfall using meteorological data
Authors: Li Hongli , Li Shanzhi , Ghorbani Hamzeh
Published: August 2024

Rainfall plays an important role in maintaining the water cycle by replenishing aquifers, lakes, and rivers, supporting aquatic life, and sustaining terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate prediction is crucial given the intricate interplay of atmospheric and oceanic phenomena, especially amidst contemporary challenges. In this study, to predict rainfall, 12,852 data points from open-source global weather data for three cities in Indonesia were utilized, incorporating input variables such as maximum temperature (°C), minimum temperature (°C), wind speed (m/s), relative humidity (%), and solar radiation (MJ/m2). Three novel and robust Deep Learning models were used: Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN), Deep Gated Recurrent Unit (DGRU), and Deep Long Short-Term Memory (DLSTM). Evaluation of the results, including statistical metrics like Root-Mean-Square Errors and Correction Coefficient (R2), revealed that the Deep Long Short-Term Memory model outperformed DRNN and Deep Gated Recurrent Unit with values of 0.1289 and 0.9995, respectively. DLSTM networks offer several advantages for rainfall prediction, particularly in sequential data like time series prediction, excelling in handling long-term dependencies important for capturing weather patterns over extended periods. Equipped with memory cell architecture and forget gates, DLSTM networks effectively retain and retrieve relevant information. Furthermore, DLSTM networks enable parallelization, enhancing computational efficiency, and offer flexibility in model design and regularization techniques for improved generalization performance. Additionally, the results indicate that maximum temperature and solar radiation parameters exhibit an indirect influence on rainfall, while minimum temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity parameters have a direct relationship with rainfall.
Novel WFS1 variants are associated with different diabetes phenotypes
Authors: Wu Lei , Zhang Juan , Li Danjie , Zhang Zhongyun , Ni Qicheng , Han Rulai , Ye Lei , Zhang Yifei , Hong Jie , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Gu Weiqiong
Published: August 2024

Background

The WFS1 gene encodes the protein wolframin, which is crucial for maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Variants in this gene are predominantly associated with Wolfram syndrome and have been implicated in other disorders such as diabetes mellitus and psychiatric diseases, which increases the rate of clinical misdiagnosis.

Methods

Patients were diagnosed with early-onset unclassified diabetes according to their clinical and laboratory data. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 165 patients, interpreting variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) 2015 guidelines. Variant verification was done by Sanger sequencing. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of WFS1 compound heterozygous variants.

Results

We identified WFS1 compound heterozygous variants (p.A214fs*74/p.F329I and p.I427S/p.I304T) in two patients with Wolfram Syndrome-Like disorders (WSLD). Both WFS1 compound heterozygous variants were associated with increased ER stress, reduced cell viability, and decreased SERCA2b mRNA levels. Additionally, pathogenic or likely pathogenic WFS1 heterozygous variants were identified in the other three patients.

Conclusion

Our results underscore the importance of early genetic testing for diagnosing young-onset diabetes and highlight the clinical relevance of WFS1 variants in increasing ER stress and reducing cell viability. Incorporating these genetic insights into clinical practice can reduce misdiagnoses and improve treatment strategies for related disorders.
Comparison of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and repeated intensified immunosuppressive therapy as second-line treatment for relapsed/refractory severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Zhang Lining , Li Jianping , Liang Weiru , Zhang Xiaoyu , Chen Shulian , Shi Yuanyuan , Hao Mengze , Zhao Xiaoli , Gong Ming , Wei Jialin , He Yi , Jiang Erlie , Han Mingzhe , Zhang Fengkui , Feng Sizhou
Published: August 2024

The optimal treatment for patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who fail an initial course of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) plus cyclosporine has not yet been established. We compared the effectiveness of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) (n = 36) with repeated immunosuppressive therapy (IST) (n = 33) for relapsed/refractory SAA between 2007 and 2022. In the IST group, patients were retreated with ATG (n = 16) or high-dose cyclophosphamide (n = 17). The overall response rate was 57.6% at 6 months and 60.6% at 12 months. In the allo-HSCT group, patients received a transplant from a matched sibling donor (n = 6), matched unrelated donor (n = 7), or haploidentical donor (n = 23). All patients achieved neutrophil engraftment, and there were no cases of primary graft failure. The cumulative incidences (CIs) of grades II–IV and III–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 36.1% ± 0.7% and 13.9% ± 0.3% at day +100, respectively. The 4-year CI of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 36.2% ± 0.7%, with moderate to severe cGVHD at 14.9% ± 0.4%. Compared with IST, HSCT recipients showed much higher hematologic recovery rate at 3, 6, and 12 months (63.9%, 83.3%, and 86.1%, respectively, p < 0.001). The estimated 4-year overall survival (OS) (79.8% ± 6.8% vs. 80.0% ± 7.3%, p = 0.957) was similar; however, the failure-free survival (FFS) was significantly better in the HSCT group (79.8% ± 6.8% vs. 56.6% ± 8.8%, p = 0.049). Of note, children in the HSCT cohort were all alive without treatment failures, exhibiting superior OS (100% vs. 50.0% ± 17.7%, p = 0.004) and FFS (100% vs. 50.0% ± 17.7%, p = 0.004) than children in the IST cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed that younger patients (age ≤ 35 years), especially children, and those with refractory SAA benefited more from HSCT. Therefore, for these patients, salvage HSCT may be more preferable than a second course of IST.
Chronic endometritis and recurrent reproductive failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ticconi Carlo , Inversetti Annalisa , Marraffa Serena , Campagnolo Luisa , Arthur Jephtah , Zambella Enrica , Di Simone Nicoletta
Published: August 2024

Background

The endometrium holds a crucial role in reproduction by supporting blastocyst adhesion, cytotrophoblast invasion and fetal development. Among the various uterine disorders, endometritis, particularly chronic endometritis (CE), has gained attention due to its association with adverse reproductive outcomes (recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), recurrent implantation failure (RIF), and infertility). The association between CE and adverse reproductive outcomes stresses the necessity for comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to optimize fertility outcomes and support individuals in their journey towards parenthood.

Aim

To explore the relationship between CE and reproductive disorders.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis using published data from 1990 to 2024 were carried out.

Results

A population of 1,038 women was included. Regarding CE-infertility association, a positive correlation was found, with 19.46% CE rate in infertile women compared to 7.7% in controls (OR: 2.96, 95% CI 1.53-5.72, p 0.001). No significant association was observed between RIF and CE (OR: 1.10, 95% CI 0.26-4.61, p 0.90), CE rates in both groups were relatively comparable, with 6.35% in women with RIF and 5.8% in controls. On the opposite, a strong association between CE and RPL was found, reporting a CE rate of 37.6% in RPL cases compared to 16.4% in controls (OR: 3.59, 95% CI 2.46-5.24, p < 0.00001).

Conclusions

CE appears to be associated to infertility and RPL, while no significant association was noted in cases of RIF.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails PROSPERO, identifier CRD42024541879.
Constructing bilingual input safe spaces at home: rethinking exposure to language from a multilingual and multisite perspective on literacy practices
Authors: Costa Wätzold Juliane , Melo-Pfeifer Sílvia
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This article analyses parents' and children's attitudes toward the different literacy practices across three different contexts (at home, in a community project, and, indirectly, at school) and how they perceive the interaction between these practices and the development of competences in the Heritage Language (HL). We investigate the relevance of family and community, and how mainstream school influences the co-construction of literacy practices that affect the development of HL, while at the same time supporting the development of the majority language, and especially in broadening the understanding of the notion of language exposure.

Methods

Semi structured interviews with parents and focus groups with children (aged 4–14) were carried out in Munich, Germany, between May 2018 and February 2020. Data from the verbal interactions, in a total of 12 h of recorded audio with the parents and 8h with the children, was transcribed and the excerpts were coded in Nvivo. In a first moment, a data and theory driven thematic analysis with open data coding was undertaken; subsequently, discourse analysis was used to analyze selected excerpts individually and reconstruct the meaning the participants were attaching to their literacy practices. Three thematic strands were identified.

Results

We make the case that exposure to literacy practices in the majority language is interpreted and (re)appropriated by families and communities to support the development of complex and integrated literacy practices involving the different languages of children's repertoires. We shed light on how families construct bilingual input safe spaces at home, i.e., spaces where continuities between formal, informal and non-formal literacy practices in both German and Portuguese are assured.

Discussion

The results bring a critical perspective on the ecology of literacy practices and highlight the added value of seeing those practices interconnected holistically from a co-developmental viewpoint. Such interconnectedness has a potential positive impact not only in children's HL but also in the majority language, and possibly in the languages learnt at school.
Climate change and its impact on health: a global collaborative learning model
Authors: Okatch Harriet , Remshifski Patricia A. , Fennessey Anita , Campbell Haley , Barnoy Sivia , Friedman Jason , Kern Stephen B. , Frasso Rosemary , Sorensen Cecilia , Bar-Shalita Tami , Hunter Louis N.
Published: August 2024

To address the health effects of climate change, leaders in healthcare have called for action to integrate climate adaptation and mitigation into training programs for health professionals. However, current educators may not possess sufficient climate literacy and the expertise to effectively include such content in their respective healthcare curricula. We, an international and interprofessional partnership, collaborated with experts to develop and deploy curriculum to increase health educators’ and graduate health profession students’ knowledge and competencies on climate change. In a tri-step process, the first phase included recruiting interested faculty members from two institutions and varying health professions. In phase two, faculty members collaborated to develop a faculty symposium on climate change including educational competencies required of health professions, practice standards, guidelines, and profession-specific content. Symposium outcomes included broader faculty member interest and commitment to create an interprofessional climate change course for healthcare graduate students. In phase three, course development resulted from collaboration between faculty members at the two institutions and faculty members from the Global Consortium on Climate and Health Education (GCCHE), with course objectives informed by GCCHE competencies. Climate experts and faculty members delivered the course content over a 10-week period to 30 faculty members and students representing seven health professions, who were surveyed (n = 13) for feedback. This course can serve as an example for international collaborators interested in developing climate change courses for health profession students. Lessons learned in this process include: climate change novice faculty members can develop impactful climate change courses; students and faculty members can be co-learners; diverse representation in course attendees enriches the learning experience; and collaboration is key.
In vitro digestive properties and the bioactive effect of walnut green husk on human gut microbiota
Authors: Zhao Xiaolan , Ying Jiabao , Wang Zhuochen , Wang Yulu , Li Zhen , Gu Tianyi , Liu Shujun , Li Yulong , Liu Bing , Xin Fengjiao , Wen Boting
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Walnut green husk (WGH) is a waste byproduct from walnut industry. However, it is not well-known about its bioactive effect on human gut health.

Methods

This study conducted in vitro digestion and fermentation experiments to study the bioactive effect of WGH.

Results

Microbial fermentation was the primary mechanism to efficiently release phenolics and flavonoids, resulting in more excellent antioxidant capacities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays), which reached a highest value with 14.82 ± 0.01 mg VcE/g DW, 3.47 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g DW, and 0.96 ± 0.07 mmol FeSO4·7H2O/g DW, respectively. The surface microstructure of WGH became loose and fragmented after microbial fermentation. The analytical results of gut microbiota demonstrated that WGH could significantly increase the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in phylum level and Phascolarctobacterium in genus level while certain pro-inflammatory bacteria (such as Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Dorea, Alistipes, and Bilophila) was inhibited. Additionally, 1,373 differential metabolites were identified and enriched in 283 KEGG pathways. Of which some metabolites were significantly upregulated including ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, umbelliferone, scopolin, muricholic acid, and so forth.

Discussion

These results indicated that WGH could have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the human gut, which could improve the economical value of WGH in the food industry.