bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SINIRIN YASAL “KAÇAK”LARI: MAKEDONYALI KAÇAK GELİNLER
Authors: ADİLOĞLU Selda
Published: December 2018

Türkiye hedefli Balkan göçlerinin, siyasi
ve ekonomik sebeplere bağlı olarak geliştiği iddiaları, günümüz şartlarında
kapsayıcı bir açıklama olmaktan çıkmıştır. Zira Balkanlardan Türkiye’ye yönelen
göçlerin başlıca motivasyonları arasında artık sosyo-kültürel etmenleri de
saymak gereklidir. Çalışma, Makedonyalı Türk kadınlarının evlilik aracılığıyla
Türkiye’ye göç ettikleri iddiasını ortaya koymaktadır. Buna bağlı olarak da
çalışma, Makedonyalı kadınların göç süreç ve göç kararlarını konu edinmekte,
kaçarak gelin gelme ve sınır aşarak evlenme gibi iki olgu üzerinden de kaçma ve
sınır terimlerine yeni okumaların getirilmesi gerektiği fikrini ileri
sürmektedir.

Tekirdağ İli, Ergene ilçesine evlilik göçü
ile göç etmiş Makedonyalı Türk kadınlar, çalışmanın araştırma topluluğunu
oluşturmaktadır. Kadınlarla yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşülen 31 göçmen gelin içerisinden sekizi ile ise
derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmış, kaçarak gelin gelme süreçleri ve göç
kararları kendi anlatıları üzerinden okunmaya çalışılmıştır. Görüşmelerde elde
edilen başlıca bulgular, Balkanların klasik göç kategorilerine kadın göçlerinin
eklendiğini, birer gelin olarak kadınların kendi başlarına göç edebildiklerini,
göç kararlarında geride bırakılan/gidilen ülkelerin itici/çekici faktörlerinden
ziyade ailevi tavır alışların ve/veya uzun süre alan evlilik süreçlerinin
etkili olabildiğini göstermektedir.
GÖÇMEN ÇOCUK VE ERGENLERİN EĞİTİM ENGELLERİ, PSİKOLOJİK SORUNLARI VE ÇÖZÜM ÖNERİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Karaman Hüseyin Buğra , Bulut Sefa
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacının göç ve travma kavramlarının incelenerek, zorunlu
göçe tabi olan aileler ve çocuklarının yaşadıkları sorunların, eğitim ortamına
nasıl yansıdığı ve bunların nasıl tedavi edilebileceğinin incelenmesidir. Bunun
için daha önce zorunlu göç sonucu eğitimde oluşan problemler ve nasıl tedavi
edilebileceğine ilişkin olan yapılmış araştırmalar incelenmiş ve derlenmeye
çalışılmıştır. Araştırmaların sonuçlarına göre öne çıkan eğitim sorunları ve
nasıl önlemler alınabileceği; tedavi sistemlerinin kullanılmasında önemli olan
faktörler ortaya konulmuştur. Bu tedavi sistemlerinin içeriği anlatılarak, okul
temelli veya ruh sağlığı alanında uygulanabilecek tedaviler açıklanmıştır. Okul
ortamlarında göç etmiş çocuklarla çalışan psikolojik danışmanlar, öğretmenler
ve idareciler olarak ruh sağlığı ile ilgili olarak yapabilecekleri çalışmaların
neler olduğu açıklanmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde çocuk ve ergenlerin göç
öncesi, göç sırası ve sonrası yaşadıkları Travmatik olayların, travma sonrası
stres bozukluğu, anksiyete, depresyon gibi bozukluklara yol açabildiği, eğitim
ortamlarında bu durum ile karşılaşıldığında yapılabilecekler ve yaşanılan
bozukluklarla çalışılırken uygulanabilecek tedavi sistemlerinin nasıl
uygulanabileceği açıklanmıştır.
Ulama Pasca Sunan Gunung Jati: Jaringan Intelektual Islam Cirebon Abad ke-16 sampai dengan Abad ke-18
Authors: Rosidin Didin Nurul
Published: December 2018

This article related to the dynamic of islam intellectual network in Cirebon post Sunan Gunung Jati in the late of 16 century until early of 18 century. This era has been crucial because every dynamic of islam intellectual network happened after the death of Sunan Gunung Jati. Then the implication had headed to the existence of islamic education institution which is held in Keraton, one of the basis where islamic intellectual network in Cirebon, and also to the dominant intellectual discourse that evolved for two centuries. There are three stages of islam intellectual network progress in Indonesia which is related to middle east as a center and also main reference since 13 century untill 20 century. Firts, islamisasi (islamisation). This was when Islam for the first time spreaded by moslem’s traders, travelers, and moslem scholars (ulama). This happened around 13 century. Second, neo-sufism. Neo sufism has occured for 3 centuries, since 16 centuries till 18 centuries. In this era some moslem scholars have had significant roles to disseminate knowledge and movement from middle east to Nusantara. And third, purification of islam. Some moslem scholars that have already finished their study and hajj became active to spread the ideas of purification of islam which developed in middle east.
Membangun Harmoni Sosial: Kajian Sosiologi Agama tentang Kearifan Lokal sebagai Modal Dasar Harmoni Sosial
Authors: Samiyono David
Published: December 2018

Every ethnic in Indonesia have an unique local wisdom. This local wisdom is usually used to resolve any problems or conflicts. And most conflict that have happened in Indonesia is SARA. SARA is an acronym for suku (ethnict), agama (religion), ras (race), dan antar golongan (amongst group community). From social economic problem, cultural, religion, or even political problem such as election of head village and presidential election in Indonesia is related to SARA conflict. Local wisdom is every values, norms, rules, that live in society. This local wisdom binds people and become the way of life in society. This paper would try to contribute how local wisdom have significant role to build social harmony in society. And all datas that have been collected for this paper are the collection of research from all over Indonesia to build harmony based on local wisdom.
The combination of novel airlift magnetic separation loop system and an efficient biosorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Li Huidong , Zhang Lin , Huo Kaili , Zhang Zhexin , Li Jing , Xu Hui
Published: December 2018

An efficient biosorbent containing magnetic nanoparticles, walnut shell powder, foam, and alginate (AMWSF) was prepared and used in Pb(II) removal. The adsorption process was performed in an airlift magnetic separation loop system. Optimum adsorption conditions were tested at pH 3–7, biomass dose of 0.03–0.4 g, temperature of 15–35 °C, initial Pb(II) ion concentration of 50–400 mg·L−1, and contact time of 10–480 min. The equilibrium adsorption capacity reached up to 69.45 mg·g−1. The physicochemical properties of AMWSF were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental data were in agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The influences of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) on Pb(II) adsorption showed antagonistic effect strength in the order of Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II). AMWSF was reused seven times and separated rapidly by magnetic field. The results demonstrated the potential of AMWSF in practical applications involving Pb(II).
Degradation and transformation of natural organic matter accountable for disinfection byproduct formations by UV photolysis and UV/chlor(am)ine
Authors: Hirun-Utok Chanathip , Phattarapattamawong Songkeart
Published: December 2018

This research aimed to investigate the degradation of natural organic matter responsible for the formation of trihalomethane (THM), haloacetic acid (HAA) and haloacetonitrile (HAN) during ultraviolet (UV) photolysis and a co-exposure of UV with chlorine (UV/chlorine) and chloramine (UV/chloramine). Low pressure UV (LPUV) and vacuum UV (VUV) lamps were used for photolysis. VUV and LPUV irradiation changed aromatic/unsaturated structures to aliphatic ones, resulting in decreased THM and HAN formation. Following irradiation for 60 min, LPUV decreased THM and HAN by 16% ± 2% and 20% ± 6%, respectively. VUV decreased THM and HAN formation by 23% ± 3% and 20% ± 8%, respectively. HAA formation increased following photolysis. UV/chlorine treatment decreased THM, HAA and HAN. Higher chlorine doses had an inversely proportional relationship with THM and HAN formation. A chlorine dose of 4 mg·L−1 led to the greatest reductions, corresponding to 42% ± 2%, 10% ± 10% and 18% ± 6% for THM, HAA and HAN, respectively. UV/chloramine decreased the formation of THM more than UV/chlorine. With a chloramine dose of 4 mg·L−1, THM, HAA and HAN formation decreased by 74% ± 10%, 10% ± 10% and 11% ± 10%, respectively. This study showed the potential use of UV/chlor(am)ine for controlling the formation of THM, HAA and HAN.
Recent Advancement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Sadaf Asma , Khan Sehroon , Perveen Shagufta , Khan Afsar
Published: December 2018

Background:

Many of the tropical diseases are neglected by the researchers and medicinal
companies due to lack of profit and other interests. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi)
is established to overcome the problems associated with these neglected diseases. According to a report
published by the WHO, leprosy (Hansen's disease) is also a neglected infectious disease.

Methods:

A negligible amount of advancements has been made in last few decades which includes the
tools of diagnosis, causes, treatment, and genetic studies of the bacterium (Mycobacterium leprae) that
causes leprosy. The diagnosis of leprosy at earlier stages is important for its effective treatment. Recent
studies on vitamin D and its receptors make leprosy diagnosis easier at earlier stages. Skin biopsies and
qPCR are the other tools to identify the disease at its initial stages.

Results:

Until now a specific drug for the treatment of leprosy is not available, therefore, Multi-Drug
Therapy (MDT) is used, which is hazardous to health. Besides Mycobacterium leprae, recently a new
bacterium Mycobacterium lepromatosis was also identified as a cause of leprosy. During the last few
years the genetic studies of Mycobacterium leprae, the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptors
(VDR), and the skin biopsies made the treatment and diagnosis of leprosy easier at early stages. The
studies of micro RNAs (miRNAs) made it easy to differentiate leprosy from other diseases especially
from tuberculosis.

Conclusion:

Leprosy can be distinguished from sarcoidosis by quantitative study of reticulin fibers present
in skin. The treatment used until now for leprosy is multi-drug treatment. The complete genome
identification of Mycobacterium leprae makes the research easy to develop target specified drugs for
leprosy. Rifampicin, identified as a potent drug, along with other drugs in uniform multi-drug treatment,
has a significant effect when given to leprosy patients at initial stages. These are effective treatments but
a specific drug for leprosy is still needed to be identified. The current review highlights the use of modern
methods for the identification of leprosy at its earlier stages and the effective use of drugs alone as
well as in combination.
Is stotteren een spraak-motorische timingstoornis? Een alternatieve geïntegreerde benadering volgens het SAMI-model
Authors: Van de Vorst Robert , Gracco Vincent L.
Published: December 2018

Stotteren kent vele theorieën die iets trachten te zeggen over de oorzaak en andere verschijnselen verbonden aan de stoornis. Opvallend is dat in Nederland de logopedische praktijk stotteren doorgaans als een "neuromusculaire timingstoornis" duidt en stelt dat de aanleg voor stotteren gerelateerd is aan een mistiming van spraakbewegingen. Naast stotteren als timingstoornis zijn er echter in de loop van de jaren ook andere theorieën geformuleerd. Aangezien de kern van stotteren meestal wordt gezien als een stoornis of verzwakking van spraak-motorische processen zijn in dit artikel specifiek een aantal spraak-motorische modellen besproken. Spraak-motorische theorieën verklaren echter niet altijd de contextuele variabiliteit die vaak gepaard gaat met stotteren; de Speech And Monitoring Interaction (SAMI; Arenas, 2017) hypothese beschouwt naast spraakproductie ook (een verstoorde) monitoring als een belangrijke, mogelijk causale, component van het stotteren. Tot slot is kort belicht welke implicaties de ontwikkeling in theorievorming over stotteren kan hebben voor de klinische praktijk.
Het gebruik van magnetoencefalografie als hersenbeeldvormingstechniek voor het bestuderen van neurale processen bij ontwikkelingsstotteren
Authors: De Nil Luc , Cheyne Douglas , Mersov Anna
Published: December 2018

Hersenbeeldvormingsonderzoek heeft belangrijke functionele en structurele verschillen tussen de hersenen van mensen die stotteren en typisch vloeiende sprekers onthuld. Deze verschillen hebben onderzoekers toegestaan om het ontstaan en de ontwikkeling van stotteren bij kinderen en volwassenen beter te begrijpen. Echter, tot voor kort was het voor hersenonderzoekers moeilijk, zo niet onmogelijk, om neurale processen tijdens de planning en productie van individuele gestotterde of vloeiend gesproken woorden te onderzoeken. Een relatieve nieuwe hersenbeeldvormingstechniek, magnetoencefalografie (MEG), biedt onderzoekers nu de mogelijkheid om subtiele modulaties in neurale processen op het milliseconde niveau te analyseren terwijl een spreker zich voorbereidt op het zeggen van een individueel woord. In dit artikel introduceren we MEG en de wijze waarop het gebruikt kan worden om spraak te bestuderen, gevolgd door een discussie van enkele recente bevindingen omtrent stotteren. Vervolgens illustreren we het gebruik van MEG voor de studie van vloeiende en gestotterde spraakproductie met behulp van voorlopige resultaten van twee recente studies uitgevoerd bij onze onderzoeksgroep. In de eerste studie onderzochten we het tijdsverloop van neurale activatie tijdens zowel een spreek- als een non-spreek (knopdruk) taak. De resultaten onthulden vergelijkbare resultaten voor de spreek- en non-spreekktaken, en lieten zien hoe taakcomplexiteit neurale verwerking kan beïnvloeden. Studie 2 rapporteert resultaten van een studie die stotterende en niet-stotterende sprekers vergeleek tijdens spraakproductie. De resultaten suggereerden dat verschillen in de betrokkenheid van de motorcortex kunnen worden getimed om samen te vallen met spraakplanning voorafgaand aan bewegingsinitiatie. Dergelijk onderzoek toont aan dat MEG veelbelovend is om ons begrip te bevorderen van neurale triggers die geassocieerd worden met het optreden van stotteren in spraak. De bevindingen kunnen klinisch onderzoekers in staat stellen om te zoeken naar manieren om klinische interventie aan te passen teneinde de rol van dergelijke triggers te minimaliseren of te voorkomen.
PARÇACIK BOYUTUNA BAĞLI FÜME SİLİKA BAZLI KESME İLE KALINLAŞAN AKIŞKANLARIN REOLOJİK DAVRANIŞI
Authors: SARAÇ Mehmet Fahri , PEKER Seçil , YAPICI Kerim
Published: December 2018

Üç farklı ortalama parçacık boyutuna sahip (8, 12 ve 18nm) füme
silikaların PEG200 taban akışkanına dört farklı kütlesel fraksiyon aralığında
(%5, 10 ,15 ve 20) dağıtılması ile elde edilen süspansiyon akışkanların
reolojik (viskozite, kritik kesme hızı, depolama modülü ve kayıp modülleri)
davranışları incelenmiştir. Doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan viskoelastik ölçümlerden
elde edilen bulgular da, kütlece %5 fraksiyonda hazırlanan süspansiyonların Newton
kuralına uyduğunu ayrıca artan fraksiyona bağlı olarak viskoziteninde arttığı
gözlemlenmiştir. Düşük kütlesel fraksiyonlarda nanoparçacık boyutu ile kaymadan
dolayı viskozite kalınlaşmasına etki ettiği gözlemlenirken, kütlesel fraksiyon
artışı ile bu etkinin azaldığı da görülmüştür. Ayrıca tüm parçacık boyutu ve fraksiyonlarda
depolama ve kayıp modulüslerinin salınım gerilimleri incelendiğinde
süspansiyonların viskoz davranış özelliği göstermiştir. Bu bulgular daha güçlü
ve hafif kesme ile kalınlaşan süspansiyonların hazırlanmasını ve balistik
esaslı çalışmalarda kullanılması açısından önem arz etmektedir.
Bleeding Complications after Pediatric Kidney Biopsy
Authors: Varnell Charles D. , Stone Hillarey K. , Welge Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2018

Background and objectives

Kidney biopsy is an essential tool for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with kidney disease; however, because of its invasive nature, bleeding complications may arise.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We performed a meta-analysis of prospective or retrospective observational studies and randomized, controlled trials in pediatric patients undergoing native or transplant kidney biopsy in an inpatient or outpatient setting in MEDLINE-indexed studies from January 1998 to November 1, 2017 to determine the proportion of patients who develop hematoma, need blood transfusion, or need an additional intervention due to a complication after kidney biopsy.

Results

Twenty-three studies of 5504 biopsies met inclusion criteria. The proportion of patients developing hematoma after biopsy was between 11% (95% confidence interval, 7% to 17%) and 18% (95% confidence interval, 9% to 35%) using two analyses that included different time periods. The proportion needing blood transfusion was 0.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.5% to 1.4%). The proportion needing an additional intervention due to postbiopsy complication was 0.7% (95% confidence interval, 0.4% to 1.1%). Secondary analysis was not possible due to lack of data in the original manuscripts on laboratory values, needle gauges, number of needle passes, age of patient, or performer (attending versus trainee). Analysis with metaregression found that use of real-time ultrasound during biopsy did not modify the risk for hematoma, requirement of a blood products transfusion, or requirement of an additional procedure after biopsy. Analysis with metaregression comparing native biopsies with transplant biopsies did not reveal that biopsy type (native kidney biopsy versus transplant kidney biopsy) was associated with the need for a blood transfusion or requirement of an additional intervention after biopsy.

Conclusions

The development of perinephric hematoma after kidney biopsy is not an infrequent finding. The proportion of patients requiring blood transfusion or needing an additional intervention as a result of kidney biopsy in pediatric patients is significantly smaller.
Traditional Rulers, Electoral Process, and Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Exploring Relevance
Authors: Ihemeje Godwin C.
Published: December 2018

This study examines the role of traditional rulers in the Nigerian electoral process with a view to revealing perceptions arising from such engagement, specifically in democratic transitional process. The study also explores opinions of selected traditional ruler ship councils. It adopts a structural-functionalism approach and qualitative method of data analysis. Thus, the paper argues that there are various controversies surrounding the institution of the traditional rulers in Nigeria showing mix of conspiracy, corruption, dictatorship, and disrespect for the rule of law with incumbent political leaders; which suggests that such alignment indices by some traditional rulers are borrowed from modern democratic leaders. Thus, study concludes that the continuous contributions of the traditional rulers in electoral process will further guarantee their relevance in modern democratic governance.
Heat flow map and geothermal resources in Mexico
Authors: Prol-Ledesma Rosa Maria , Carrillo-de la Cruz Juan Luis , Torres-Vera Marco Antonio , Membrillo-Abad Alejandra Selene , Espinoza-Ojeda Orlando Miguel
Published: December 2018

Heat flow maps are a powerful tool for regional exploration of geothermal resources. Mexico is one of the main producers ofgeothermal energy and the search for undiscovered resources at a regional level should be based on heat flow values. Here, we

present a heat flow map at 1:4,000,000 scale, produced with heat flow data compiled from open data bases and previously unpub-lished data. The compiled heat flow data includes bottom hole temperature, temperature logs, transient temperature measurements

and measured temperature logs. The new data were calculated from temperature gradient information and estimating a mean con-ductivity value characteristic for the type of rock present in the stratigraphic column or assigning the mean conductivity value for

the crust. Geothermal gradient and the thermal resistivity (inverse thermal conductivity) were plotted and heat flow was calculatedusing the Bullard method. The map covers the whole continental territory of Mexico and shows that most of the country has valueshigher than the world average. The highest heat flow values are concentrated in two provinces: the Gulf of California extensionalprovince and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt.
Digital geologic map and geochronologic, geochemical and geothermal database of the south-eastern part of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico
Authors: Ferrari Luca , Castillo-Reynoso Juan Carlos , Orozco-Esquivel Teresa , Silva-Fragoso Argelia
Published: December 2018

We present a first interactive digital geological map of the southeastern part of the Sierra Madre Occidental at its borders with the Mesa Central. The area of the geological cartography covers approximately 120,000 km2 that includes part of the states of Jalisco, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes and Durango. The geology has been compiled in ArcGIS through an interpretation of all the information available in the literature, integrated with our own geological mapping. Published maps were georeferenced and, as far as possible, the traces of the geologic limits and structures with a clear morphological expression were refined using digital elevation models and satellite images available in Google Earth. The map includes 15 geological units and the main tectonic structures. The informal geological units used in the map are chronostratigraphic and lithological and are designed to highlight the main magmatic episodes that shaped the region. The age assignment for each unit has been compared with a geochronological database that includes 304 ages. The lithological classification of each polygon has been compared for consistency with a geochemical database compiled from the literature that includes 313 samples. We also added a layer of information with the main hot springs of the region and their temperature.
Digital Geologic Cartography and Geochronologic Database of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and Adjoining Areas
Authors: Ferrari Luca , Orozco Esquivel Teresa , Navarro Mario , López-Quiroz Penélope , Luna Laura
Published: December 2018

We present the first interactive digital geologic map of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). The area covered by the cartography span 10° of Longitude (106°- 96° W) and 2°45’ of Latitude (19°-21°45’ N). The geology has been compiled in ArcGIS through an interpretation of all the information available in the literature and integrated with our own geologic mapping. Published maps were digitized from printed copies; when possible, the location of features with clear morphological expression was corrected using digital elevation models within the GIS. The map includes 36 geologic units, faults, volcanic vents, and calderas. The informal geologic units used in the compilation are chronostratigraphic and lithologic and were designed to emphasize the main volcanic episodes that make up this volcanic province. The age assignment for each unit has been cross-checked with a geochronologic database that includes 2009 ages, which can be displayed on the map with access to their attributes. Lithology of each polygon has been also checked against a large geochemical database compiled from the literature.
Paisajes físico-geográficos de humedales costeros continentales en dos áreas naturales protegidas del Golfo de México
Authors: Troche Carlos , Priego-Santander Ángel Guadalupe , Bollo Manent Manuel , Ressl Rainer
Published: December 2018

Los humedales costeros de Pantanos de Centla y Laguna de Términos en el Golfo de México, constituyen parte del complejo ecológico de la planicie costera más importante de Mesoamérica por su productividad natural. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de clasificar y cartografiar, a escala 1:250 000, los paisajes naturales de estos humedales a partir del análisis de los componentes naturales del territorio. El enfoque utilizado para esta aproximación es el de la geografía física compleja que permite un arreglo tipológico y clasificación jerárquica del territorio. El mapa resultante presenta la distribución espacial de los paisajes físico-geográficos de la parte terrestre de la Reserva de la Biósfera Pantanos de Centla, del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Laguna de Términos y el sitio prioritario de manglar Sabancuy-Chen Kan de la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO). La falta de cartografía precisa de los componentes naturales del territorio condicionó a un extenso trabajo de campo. En el área se definieron geocomplejos a nivel de Localidades, Parajes complejos y Parajes simples. En el territorio existe un predominio de los geocomplejos de planicies fluvio-biógenas. Los resultados son importantes para estudios de ordenamiento territorial y evaluaciones de servicios ecosistémicos.
Laktik Asit Bakterilerinin Balıklarda Büyüme Performansı Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: YİĞİT Nalan Özgür , DİDİNEN Behire Işıl , BAHADIR KOCA Seval , DEMİR Tülay
Published: December 2018

Probiyotikler
sindirim kanalında mikroflora dengesini düzenlemek, patojenik
mikroorganizmaların gelişimini önlemek, bu yolla yemden yararlanmayı artırmak
için hayvan beslenmesinde kullanılan alternative biyoteknolojik ürünlerdir. Probiyotik mikroorganizmaların en önemli gruplarından
birini laktik asit bakterileri oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, gerek
karasal hayvanlarda gerekse su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde probiyotik olarak
tercih edilmektedirler.  Bu derlemede,
farklı laktik asit bakterisi türlerinin balıkların büyüme performansı
üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmalar
değerlendirildiğinde, genel olarak Pediococcus acidilactici türünün büyüme üzerinde olumlu etkisinin
görülmediği saptanmıştır. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus ve Enterococcus cinslerine ait türlerin ise balıkların büyüme performansında olumlu
etkileri olduğu görülmüştür.
Apresentação
Authors: Machado Júlio , Can Nazir
Published: December 2018

Apresentação à Abril 21.
Retinopathy and RAAS Activation: Results From the Canadian Study of Longevity in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lovshin Julie A. , Lytvyn Yuliya , Lovblom Leif E. , Katz Alexandra , Boulet Geneviève , Bjornstad Petter , Lai Vesta , Cham Leslie , Tse Josephine , Orszag Andrej , Keenan Hillary A. , Paul Narinder , Bril Vera , Wong David T. , McReelis Kylen D. , Brent Michael H. , Perkins Bruce A. , Cherney David Z.I.
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVE

The importance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation in retinopathy for long-standing diabetes is not well understood. We determined retinopathy stage and evaluated associations with other vascular complications before and after physiological RAAS activation in adults with long-standing (≥50 years duration) type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants underwent retinal examination by digital funduscopic photography and optical coherence tomography and were classified as having nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), or no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) with or without diabetic macular edema (DME). Neuropathy was measured by clinical neuropathy examination scores, electrophysiologically, and by corneal confocal microscopy. Renal function was measured by inulin and para-aminohippurate clearance methods. Arterial stiffness was measured by applanation tonometry. Renal function, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness were measured before and after RAAS activation with angiotensin II (ANGII). Associations were determined using linear regression.

RESULTS

Twelve (16%) of the 75 participants had NDR, 24 (32%) had NPDR, and 39 (52%) had PDR. A low overall prevalence of DME (4%) was observed. Those with PDR had worse nerve function and reduced corneal nerve density, were more likely to have macrovascular disease, and had increased arterial stiffness in response to ANGII compared with those with NPDR or NDR. Prevalence of kidney disease or renal hemodynamic function did not differ by retinopathy status.

CONCLUSIONS

PDR was associated with neuropathy severity and cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease. In those with PDR, RAAS activation may be linked to vascular stiffening, an effect that persists in long-standing type 1 diabetes.
Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk and Improved Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate by SGLT2 Inhibitors, Including Dapagliflozin, Is Consistent Across the Class: An Analysis of the Placebo Arm of EXSCEL
Authors: Clegg Lindsay E. , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Penland Robert C. , Tang Weifeng , Boulton David W. , Bachina Srinivas , Fox Robert D. , Fenici Peter , Thuresson Marcus , Mentz Robert J. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Holman Rury R.
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVE

The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) empagliflozin and canagliflozin reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause mortality (ACM), and renal events in cardiovascular outcomes trials, with observational real-world evidence suggesting class effect benefits that include dapagliflozin. We examined the placebo arm of the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) to determine whether the effects of drop-in open-label dapagliflozin on MACE, ACM, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were consistent with the SGLT2i class as a whole.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

SGLT2i drop-in therapy occurred in 10.6% of EXSCEL participants, with 5.2% taking dapagliflozin. Propensity-matched cohorts of SGLT2i users and nonusers (n = 709 per group) were generated on the basis of their characteristics before open-label SGLT2i drop-in or at baseline for participants taking SGLT2i at enrollment and an equivalent study visit for non-SGLT2i users. Time to first adjudicated MACE and ACM was analyzed using Cox regression. eGFR slopes were compared between matched cohorts using a mixed-model repeated-measures analysis.

RESULTS

In adjusted analyses, SGLT2i users (compared with nonusers) had a numerically lower risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio 0.79 [95% CI 0.49–1.28]), as did dapagliflozin users (0.55 [0.26–1.15]). SGLT2i users had a significantly lower ACM risk (0.51 [0.27–0.95]; dapagliflozin: 0.66 [0.25–1.72]). Compared with nonusers, eGFR slope was significantly better for SGLT2i users overall (+1.78 [95% CI 0.87–2.69] mL/min/1.73 m2 per year) and for dapagliflozin users (+2.28 [1.01–3.54] mL/min/1.73 m2 per year).

CONCLUSIONS

This post hoc analysis of the placebo arm of EXSCEL supports a beneficial class effect for all SGLT2i, including dapagliflozin, for reduced ACM and less eGFR decline.
Estimation of Tire–Road Contact Features Using Strain-Based Intelligent Tire
Authors: Lee Hojong , Kim Min Tae , Taheri Saied
Published: December 2018

Sensors attached inside the tire near the contact area can provide crucial information on contact characteristics, e.g., slip, forces, and deformation of tires. Vehicle control systems such as antilock braking systems (ABS) and vehicle-stability control (VSC) can be enhanced by leveraging this information, since control algorithms can be updated based on directly measured parameters from intelligent tires rather than estimated parameters based on complex vehicle dynamics and on-board sensor measurement. Moreover, tire characteristics can be investigated by scrutinizing the sensor measurements on the basis of well-defined physical theories on tire mechanics. In this article, estimations of tire contact features have been studied with the circumferential strains measured inside the tire. These parameters were imported to physical tire models to finally predict lateral force, which plays the crucial role in algorithms of vehicle control systems, as well as in analysis of tire performance.
Effects of Copolymer Sequence on Adsorption and Dynamics Near Nanoparticle Surfaces in Simulated Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Trazkovich Alex J. , Akyuz Tarik H. , Hall Lisa M.
Published: December 2018

We study a simple nanocomposite, consisting of a single spherical nanoparticle in a dense melt of coarse-grained copolymer chains, using molecular dynamics simulations. The polymers contain equal amounts of two monomer types, which differ only in their monomer-nanoparticle interaction (adsorption) strengths, and are placed in a random sequence or in a sequence of alternating blocks with various block lengths. This model is motivated by a need to understand copolymer sequence effects relevant to designing tire tread compounds, given the synthetic ability to adjust copolymer architecture (e.g., amount of blockiness) in styrene-butadiene rubbers and the ability to choose fillers and covering agents that functionalize the filler particles to give them different affinities for the styrene and butadiene monomers (it is also possible to use coupling agents, which form covalent bonds between filler particles and polymer chains). Our simple, generalized model considers linear polymers of uniform length that are not cross-linked, and thus we do not attempt to capture the overall mechanical properties of tire tread materials. Instead, we focus our analysis on how copolymer sequence impacts polymer adsorption on the nanoparticle, known to be a significant factor in determining polymer nanocomposite properties. We find that copolymer sequence impacts both the range and magnitude of the interphase of slowed dynamics surrounding the nanoparticle, with longer block lengths yielding a greater reduction in mobility over a wider region.
Diferencias en la percepción de peligros múltiples entre los habitantes de una ciudad fronteriza de México
Authors: Ley García Judith , Ortega Villa Luz María , Denegri de Dios Fabiola Maribel
Published: December 2018

En este documento se exploran las diferencias en la percepción del riesgo que presentan los habitantes de la ciudad de Mexicali, a partir de la clasificación de información obtenida mediante una encuesta que involucra variables relacionadas con el tipo de peligro, las características sociales de los sujetos, la vía de adquisición del conocimiento y las acciones preventivas que se realizan. Entre los resultados se obtuvieron cuatro grupos perceptuales: dos extremos (amplificadores y atenuadores) y dos intermedios (de percepción focalizada o selectiva), cuyas características particulares ameritan ser consideradas en materia de prevención de desastres.
Familia y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
Authors: Losada Analia Veronica , Bidau Carola
Published: December 2018

La diversidad y la complejidad de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria se debe a la interacción entre los factores socioculturales, psicológicos, biológicos y familiares. Los grupos familiares pueden intervenir en el desarrollo de los trastornos alimentarios. Esta investigación de revisión teórica busca analizar asimismo el rol de las familias en los procesos de superación, conformándose como una herramienta de los tratamientos. Se concluye el articulo ponderando y alentando a la participación de estos grupos primarios reduciendo los tiempos de procedimiento.
Perspectivas neurobiológicas para explicar el autismo: una revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: Sosa Martín , Alessandroni Nicolás , Piro María Cristina
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se abordan las perspectivas neurobiológicas para explicar el autismo a partir de una revisión sistemática de literatura académica. Partimos de considerar a la neurobiología como un campo complejo que estudia los aspectos anátomo-fisiológicos del sistema nervioso central. En vinculación con el autismo, reconocemos dentro de este campo cuatro perspectivas principales: i) la perspectiva neuroanatómica, ii) la perspectiva neurosocial, iii) la perspectiva genética y iv) la perspectiva neuroquímica. Luego de desarrollar cada una, analizamos posibles compatibilidades, yuxtaposiciones y contraposiciones entre ellas.
Atividade física de lazer e indicadores de acesso a serviços de saúde em idosos / Physical activity leisure and indicators of access to health services in the elderly
Authors: Renken Évely , Wathier Clair Antônio , Balbé Giovane Pereira
Published: December 2018

Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar os indicadores de morbidade, o acesso a serviços de saúde e a prática de atividade física de lazer em idosos. Houve também verificação do padrão de morbidade referida nestes idosos entrevistados, identificando a prevalência da prática de atividades físicas no lazer. Para isso, foram analisados os dados sociodemográficos da amostra pesquisada, identificando o acesso aos serviços de saúde. A coleta das informações necessárias à apuração dos resultados ocorreu por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e Questionário Internacional de Atividades Físicas (IPAQ). Os questionários foram aplicados em 213 idosos de ambos os sexos, com 60 anos de idade ou mais, residentes na zona urbana da cidade de Rio do Sul - Santa Catarina. Percebe-se que pouco mais de 80% dos idosos foram classificados como inativos nas atividades de lazer, a maioria das mulheres auto avaliaram sua saúde de forma positiva, e cerca de 37% dos idosos procuraram acesso e uso regular dos serviços de saúde nas semanas anteriores à realização da pesquisa, tendo ainda valores significativos em relação ao plano de saúde, onde a maioria dos idosos foi inativa. Conclui-se que a associação da prática de atividades físicas aos indicadores de morbidade de acesso a serviços de saúde está ligada de maneira a impedir que os idosos sejam ativos no lazer. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the indicators of morbidity, access to health services and the practice of leisure physical activity in older adults. For this, the demographic data of the studied sample were analyzed by identifying access to health services. There was also checking the pattern of morbidity in these elderly respondents, identifying the prevalence of physical activity at leisure. The collection of information necessary for the determination of the results was through sociodemographic questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The questionnaires were applied in 213 elderly men and women, aged 60 and older living in the urban area of the city of Rio do Sul - Santa Catarina. It can be seen that just over 80% of the elderly were classified as inactive in leisure activities, most women self rated their health positively, and about 37% of the elderly sought access and regular use of health services in the weeks prior to the survey. In conclusion, it can be seen that the association of physical activity with access to health services is on morbidity indicators in order to prevent the elderly are active during leisure.
As principais motivações e preocupações dos dependentes acolhidos em uma comunidade terapêutica / The main motivations and concerns of dependents received in a therapeutic community
Authors: Nóbrega Andréa Hofmeister da , Lacerda Fabiane de Jesus , Salmon Vania Regina Ribeiro , Borges Beatriz Essenfelder
Published: December 2018

Pesquisa desenvolvida com objetivo de identificar as principais motivações e preocupações dos dependentes de crack acolhidos em uma Comunidade Terapêutica (CT) localizada na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Estudo transversal com amostra de 30 usuários de crack, maiores de 18 anos, em tratamento sob regime de abstinência. Coleta de dados realizada por meio de entrevista individual e aplicação de um questionário estruturado. Os dependentes em tratamento na CT são na maioria do sexo masculino, com idade entre 30 a 44 anos e nível de escolaridade médio. Dentre os entrevistados 60% residem em meio familiar, onde 93,4% não possuem vínculo empregatício. A maior parte da amostra revelou que o inicio do uso de crack ocorreu na adolescência e a curiosidade e migração de outras drogas se destacaram como os principais motivadores para o uso. A busca por tratamento foi movida pelo desejo pessoal em 80% dos casos, sendo que a 56,7% dos indivíduos apresentaram a recaída como principal preocupação. Valorizar o discurso do dependente, considerando suas motivações e temores, possibilita o fomento de políticas públicas mais efetivas de prevenção ao uso e abuso e a personalização do cuidado, além de contribuir para futuros estudos sobre o tema. ABSTRACTThis research was developed to identify the main motivations and concerns of crack addicts in a Therapeutic Community (CT) located in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 30 crack users, over 18 years of age, undergoing abstinence treatment. Data collection through individual interview and application of a structured questionnaire. The dependents in TC treatment are mostly males, aged between 30 and 44 years and average schooling level. Among the interviewees, 60% live in a family environment, where 93.4% do not have an employment relationship. Most of the sample revealed that the onset of crack use occurred in adolescence and the curiosity and migration of other drugs stood out as the main motivators for the use. The search for treatment was driven by personal desire in 80% of the cases, and 56.7% of the individuals presented relapse as the main concern. Valuing the dependent's discourse, considering their motivations and fears, allows the promotion of more effective public policies to prevent the use and abuse and personalization of care, as well as contribute to future studies on the subject.
Etiological and Pathomorphological Investigations in Calves with Coronaviral Pneumoenteritis
Authors: Kalkanov Ismet , Dinev Ivan , Zarkov Ivan
Published: December 2018

The aim of the present study was to report the primary gross and microscopic lesions, as well as etiological agents of field cases of pneumoenteritis in neonate and juvenile calves. The research was done with 370 calves from 6 cattle farms in 4 regions of the country. The age of the animals was from 24 hours to 25 days. Clinical and epidemiological studies were carried out with newborn and growing calves in all farms. For rapid antigenic and viral detection of pathogens, Rainbow calf scour 5 BIO K 306 Detection of Rota, Corona, E.coli F5, Crypto and Clostridium perf. in bovine stool (BIOX Diagnostics, Belgium), and Monoclonal Antibody anti-bovine Coronavirus FITC conjugated) 0,5 ml (20X), BIO 023, (BIOX Diagnostics, Belgium) were used. Eighteen carcasses of calves with signs of pneumoenteritis syndrome (PES) were submitted to gross anatomy and histopathological studies. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) was the main etiological agent involved in calf pneumoenteritis. The macro- and micro lesions in the lung and the ileum of calves affected by PES are relevant with regard to the differential diagnosis of the syndrome and its differentiation from respiratory (IBR, BVD, BRSV, M. haemolytica etc.) and intestinal (Cryptosporidium parvum, bovine rotaviruses, bovine coronaviruses and Escherichia coli K99 (F5) diseases in this category of animals.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent polyphenols anchored Schiff bases via oxidative polycondensation
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Kolcu Feyza , Satilmiş Sabriye , Yazicioglu Zeynep
Published: December 2018

A series of polyimines, bearing phenolic groups were successfully synthesized in aqueous alkaline solution via chemical oxidative polycondensation. Polymeric Schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-hydroxy-4-metoxybenzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol and 3-aminophenol. The molecular structures of the synthesized Schiff bases and their corresponding polymers were studied by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. Thermal stability of the imine polymers was evidenced by their initial degradation temperatures found in the range of 170 °C to 271 °C without any sign of melting. The results of UV-Vis and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were coherent with the optical Eg and the electrochemical E′g band gaps of the polyimines which were lower than those of their corresponding Schiff bases. Fluorescence spectral analysis of P4 (Schiff base polymer P4 derived from 3-aminophenol and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde) revealed a bicolor emission with blue and green light. Electrical conductivity of the synthesized imine polymers was measured by four-point probe technique. P4 showed the highest electrical conductivity as a result of iodine vapor contact time. Morphology characterization of the synthesized polyimines was carried out using a scanning electron microscope SEM at different magnifications. The study revealed that P4 is a promising candidate for both blue and green light emitters which could be used in the production of photovoltaic materials and solar cells.
Influence of modulation frequency on the synthesis of thin films in pulsed magnetron sputtering processes
Authors: Strzelecki G.W. , Nowakowska-Langier K. , Chodun R. , Okrasa S. , Wicher B. , Zdunek K.
Published: December 2018

The research on the influence of modulation frequency on the properties of films synthesized using a unique pulsed power supply combined with a standard unbalanced circular magnetron was conducted in the process of pulsed magnetron sputtering (PMS). It was shown that by using different levels of modulation, the composition of plasma (measured by optical emission spectroscopy, OES) as well as film growth rate and morphology (observed with scanning electron microscope, SEM), can be changed. The impact of modulation is related to the used materials and gases and can vary significantly. It was concluded that modulation frequency can greatly influence the synthesis of materials and can be used as an additional parameter in PMS. Specific relations between modulation frequency and synthesized material require further investigation.
Public Procurement in the Systemic Corruption Environment: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Authors: Langr Ivan
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with the problem of systemic corruption in public procurement and, on the example of the Czech Republic, defines its risks, the role of informal structures and the way of failure of public institutions. Th e paper proposes the new methodological possibilities of exploration of systemic corruption and empirically verifies its signs on examples of bid rigging, illegal and non-standard ways of tendering by Czech ministries and in some court cases.
Axiological aspects of human body, spirit and soul composition
Authors: Radoš Jovo
Published: December 2018

The theme presented is aimed at attempting to perceive the fundamental qualities of the man's personality (body, soul and spirit) from the philosophical, anthropological and theological point of view and, at the same time, to establish the value reflections towards its (current and universal) existential orientations. Namely, today's experience shows us that tendencies with notable prevailing of corporality over the other constitutive properties of the human being are constantly getting stronger. The body cult is vigorously stressed: body building and fitness clubs, as well as special gyms and wellness facilities (saunas, hydro massage baths, tepidariums are advertised, which should satisfy the increased corporal-hedonistic and corporal-aesthetic motives. This disturbing of the essential and human structure established by God demands the return to the original settings of Christian trichotomy (not serving the body but serving of the body), whereby a balanced and harmonious relationship between the body, the soul, and the spirit is developed by equally bearing in mind all three areas on which all three "gymnastics" are tuned and effectively performed, which leads to overall development and fulfilment of a human being.