bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Influência Do Reator Eletrônico Com Partida Programada Na Vida Útil Da Lâmpada Fluorescente T5
Authors: Santos Anderson S. , Toss Marcelo , Souza Raphael R. N. , Tonkoski Reinaldo , Reis Fernando S. dos
Published: October 2018

Este artigo relata os resultados de uma parceria de sucesso entre Universidade e Empresa. A motivação inicial desta parceria foi o desejo de disponibilizar aos engenheiros da empresa uma formação em nível de mestrado. Este processo conduziu ao desenvolvimento de um estudo acerca da influência dos reatores eletrônicos de partida programada na vida útil das lâmpadas fluorescentes T5, a partir do qual se fundamentou a concepção de um novo reator eletrônico comercial que garante a vida útil da lâmpada (20.000 h) conforme as especificações do fabricante. Este estudo compreende a discussão de dois tipos de testes rápidos de vida útil descritos na bibliografia e utilizados pelos fabricantes nacionais de reatores eletrônicos, buscando verificar o comportamento das lâmpadas fluorescentes T5 sob diferentes métodos de acionamento. Um novo produto industrial, constituído por um reator eletrônico de partida rápida programada com pré-aquecimento de tensão, é desenvolvido para uma lâmpada fluorescente T5 de 28 W. Os resultados demonstram que a topologia proposta para o reator fornece as condições necessárias para que a lâmpada atinja a sua expectativa de vida bem como para permitir o aumento da eficiência energética.
Prevalence of Sexual Abuse Among Secondary School Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Eissa Majid A. , Saleheen Hassan N. , Al-Wallan Nesreen S. , AlKashan Monera Y. , AlSubaie Norah J. , Almuneef Maha A.
Published: October 2018

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a public health problem that has been found to be linked to negative health outcomes. Data on CSA in Saudi Arabia are limited, and there are many gaps in research in this field. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of sexual abuse among children in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional, national survey (N = 16,010) utilizing International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool Children’s Version was conducted at secondary high schools in Saudi Arabia. Participant’s mean age was 16.8 ± 0.9 years, and 50.8% were boys. Sixteen percent of the participants reported exposure to any type of CSA during their lives. Boys and those who lived with step-parent were more likely to be sexually abused compared to those who didn’t (p < .05). Ordinary least squares regression analysis revealed that gender was the predictor significantly associated with CSA. Evidence-based prevention programs targeting mainly the high-risk groups should be implemented.
Sexual Teen Dating Violence Victimization: Associations With Sexual Risk Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students
Authors: Demissie Zewditu , Clayton Heather B. , Vivolo-Kantor Alana M. , Estefan Lianne F.
Published: October 2018

Adolescent dating violence may lead to adverse health behaviors. We examined associations between sexual teen dating violence victimization (TDVV) and sexual risk behaviors among U.S. high school students using 2013 and 2015 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey data (combined n = 29,346). Sex-stratified logistic regression models were used to estimate these associations among students who had dated or gone out with someone during the past 12 months (n = 20,093). Among these students, 10.5% experienced sexual TDVV. Sexual TDVV was positively associated with sexual intercourse before age 13, four or more lifetime sexual partners, current sexual activity, alcohol or drug use before last sexual intercourse, and no pregnancy prevention during last sexual intercourse. Given significant findings among both sexes, it is valuable for dating violence prevention efforts to target both female and male students.
“She Controlled Everything That I’d Do”: A Qualitative Exploration of Relationship Abuse Experienced by Adolescent Fathers
Authors: Bermea Autumn M. , Toews Michelle L.
Published: October 2018

Adolescent parents are vulnerable to dating abuse, yet few studies have investigated abuse experienced by adolescent fathers. The purpose of the present study was to explore adolescent fathers’ perceptions of the dating abuse victimization they experienced by the mothers of their children. Twelve in-depth interviews with predominately Hispanic fathers were analyzed using thematic analysis methods. The most common themes to emerge from the narratives were emotional abuse, social control, using the children (i.e., threatening to take the child away or refusing to let the fathers see their child), and physical abuse. The fathers outlined a series of subthemes within each larger theme in order to provide rich descriptions of their experiences. Findings suggest that, just as adolescent parents are at a crossroads of developmental tasks, they are also experiencing abusive behaviors found in both adolescent (social control) and adult (using the children) relationships. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
From State Policy to School Practices: Accessibility and Implementation of Teen Dating Violence Awareness Education
Authors: Rueda Heidi Adams , Fawson Peter R.
Published: October 2018

Currently, 22 states legally require or urge schools to include teen dating violence (TDV) awareness education; yet, little research has examined how school districts are interpreting and implementing these policies. In a state that mandates such education for parents and children, and within a large urban city serving primary Hispanic youth, the present article assessed the types of TDV awareness education being provided in public schools, including the accessibility of this information. Specifically, we contacted independent school districts (ISDs; N= 10, serving over 15,000 youth) directly to assess whether and which TDV education programs were being implemented. We also assessed whether awareness education was being disseminated via school websites in the form of a policy on TDV, as well as whether additional information pertaining to TDV (e.g., resources, programs) was available. Results are discussed, highlighting the need for use of evidence-based programming, awareness accessibility, and culturally appropriate materials for Hispanic parents and youth.
A Phenomenological Inquiry Into Men’s Desistance From Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Giesbrecht Crystal J.
Published: October 2018

This research sought a deeper understanding of the experiences of men who have perpetrated intimate partner violence and subsequently participated in treatment and desisted from perpetrating violence in their intimate relationships. Phenomenological methods were used to conduct in-depth, qualitative interviews with men who had perpetrated intimate partner violence and participated in violence treatment programs to determine what assists individuals to desist from perpetration of intimate partner violence. Few participants who begin intimate partner violence programs successfully complete treatment, making it difficult to learn what helps men to successfully end their use of violence in their intimate relationships. This work adds to the small body of qualitative literature, which examines the ways by which men change their violent behavior and the motivating factors that assist with those changes. Results detail men’s experiences before entering programming, experiences while attending treatment programming, and experiences after attending treatment. Understanding how to help men to end their violent behavior not only increases women’s safety but also improves men’s lives. Future directions for treatment interventions are discussed.
Utilizing Tenets of Social Cognitive Theory to Facilitate Stay–Leave Decision Making in Victims of Partner Abuse
Authors: Steinmetz Sarah E. , Gray Matt J.
Published: October 2018

This article argues for the increased use of tenets of social cognitive theory (SCT) when studying stay–leave decision-making processes for victims of partner abuse. SCT is widely utilized to explain and predict human behavior in a variety of contexts including political reform and social activism against oppressive governments. Further, different conceptualizations of control (e.g., empowerment) are being widely used in partner abuse research. However, self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectancies are rarely utilized to predict how people will try to exercise control over themselves and their surrounding environments within intimate relationships characterized by oppression. The absence of SCT within partner abuse literature is paradoxical given that multilevel systematic oppression of groups of people (e.g., women, racial minorities) contributes to the high prevalence of partner violence. The article reviews the literature on stay–leave decisions to argue that variations in combined self-efficacy and outcome expectancy beliefs may explain variance in victims’ responses to partner abuse. The status of research is critiqued, a future research agenda is presented, and clinical recommendations are suggested to aid the advancement of SCT applications in the context of abusive relationships.
The Evaluation of a Narrative Intervention for Health-Care Professionals in an Urban Oncology Inpatient Unit
Authors: Saint-Louis Nicole M. , Senreich Evan
Published: October 2018

Background:

Oncology professionals in fast-paced urban hospitals are at risk for burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

Objective:

This exploratory study evaluated the effectiveness of a workplace narrative intervention for oncology professionals in regard to reducing burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

Methods:

Thirty-five oncology health-care providers from three inpatient oncology units within an urban medical center completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey before and after four monthly group narrative oncology interventions during the work day.

Findings:

Findings lend tentative support to the effectiveness of this intervention in reducing different aspects of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

Conclusions:

Oncology social workers are in a prime position to take a leadership role in instituting such interventions in urban hospitals.
Kritička informacijska pismenost u akademskom kontekstu
Authors: Špiranec Sonja
Published: October 2018

Unatoč tomu što se informacijska pismenost danas neprijeporno može smatrati konsolidiranim teorijskim konceptom i prepoznatim praktičnim područjem djelovanja u knjižničarstvu, mnoge inicijalne postavke informacijske pismenosti danas se dovode u pitanje. Brojna preispitivanja i kritike koncepta, njegove svrhe i praktičkih manifestacija rezultirale su zaokretom prema kritičkoj informacijskoj pismenosti.Cilj je ovoga rada utvrditi pruža li kritička informacijska pismenost jedinstven teorijski doprinos u suvremenim promišljanjima o informacijskoj pismenosti. U tu svrhu će se primjenom kvalitativnog pristupa analize literature ispitati osnovne ideje i konceptualna polazišta kritičke informacijske pismenosti te kontrastirati prevladavajući instrumentalno-operativni vid tumačenja informacijske pismenosti s kritičkim pristupima. Pritom će se pokušati utvrditi koliko koncepti kritičke informacijske pismenosti refl ektiraju pitanja, dileme i probleme koji su u posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća ustanovljeni u teoriji i praksi informacijskog opismenjivanja i pružaju li zadovoljavajuće uporište za uočene nedostatke, s posebnim osvrtom na visokoškolski kontekst.
European Conference on Information Literacy (ECIL)
Authors: Kurbanoglu Serap
Published: October 2018

The European Conference on Information Literacy (ECIL) aims to bring together researchers, information professionals, employers, media specialists, educators, policy makers and all the other related parties from around the world in order to exchange knowledge and experience and discuss recent developments and current challenges in and related to information literacy (IL). ECIL’s mission is to provide an annual forum for individuals interested in IL, where they would share information about their research and practice. The fi rst conference was organized by Hacettepe University, in Istanbul, Turkey, between 22–25 October 2013. The sixth conference is on its way. It will be hosted by the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, from 24–27 September 2018.Both the international dimension and the research-practice nexus make ECIL diff erent from the other IL-focused events in Europe. As an event rather than an organization, ECIL is also situated in the enviable position of not being subject to bylaws or structure that might restrict its focus or voice.
Преглед публикација у форматима приступачним особама оштећеног вида
Authors: Павловић Ана
Published: October 2018

Рад се бави публикацијама које су приступачне особама оштећеног вида, са посебним освртом на електронска издања. Особе оштећеног вида електронске публикације користе уз помоћ рачунара, који је опремљен говорним софтвером, чиме се кориснику омогућава да се образује, чита, претражује електронске каталоге и несметано ради. Текст се заснива, пре свега, на практичним искуствима библиотекара и корисника оштећеног вида.Приступ информацијама је загарантован Конвенцијом Уједињених Нација о правима особа са инвалидитетом, као и домаћим законодавством. Тако су, поред специјализованих библиотека за ове корисничке групе, неке библиотеке оформиле службе или одељења која особама са оштећењем вида пружају библиотечке услуге.Иако је извесно да је на пољу обезбеђивања несметаног приступа информацијама особама са оштећеним видом са појавом информационих технологија доста урађено, неопходно је да се у будућности усагласе законски прописи, библиотеке и издавачи како би се створила још повољнија клима за развој приступачних библиотека и потпуно доступних публикација за ову категорију корисника.
Lunga risposta al trattamento di II linea con lapatinib in paziente con secondarismi encefalici da carcinoma mammario HER2-positivo
Authors: Prochilo Tiziana
Published: October 2018

L’identificazione del recettore per il fattore di crescita epiteliale (HER2) e l’introduzione nella pratica clinica di diversi farmaci contro questo target hanno nettamente modificato la prognosi delle pazienti con carcinoma mammario metastatico HER2-positivo, portando la sopravvivenza mediana, una volta di poco superiore ai 12 mesi, anche oltre i 5 anni. In questo contesto si riporta il caso clinico di una giovane donna, affetta da recidiva cerebrale di carcinoma mammario HER2-positivo, trattata con approccio multimodale, chirurgico, radioterapico e sistemico con lapatinib + capecitabina, che ha ottenuto con questo trattamento il controllo della malattia per 29 mesi (Oncology).
Van Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Silajlık Mısır (Zea mays L.) ve Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)’nin Verim Parametreleri ve Besin Madde Kompozisyonuna Ait Kalite Özellikleri
Authors: YILDIZ Serhat , ERDOĞAN Sibel
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışma, Van ili Gevaş ilçesi sulu koşullarında yetiştirilen silajlık
mısır (Zea mays L.) ve ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)’nin bazı verim parametreleri ile besin madde
komposizyonuna ait kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada;
OSSK 644 mısır ve KAAN ayçiçeği çeşidi kullanılmış olup, tarla denemesi tesadüf
blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Mısır ve
ayçiçeği bitkilerinin ekimleri, 70 cm sıra aralığı ve 25 cm sıra üzeri
olacak şekilde yapılmıştır. Yeşil ot ve kuru madde verimi bakımından silajlık
mısır (6586.55 kg da-1, 1796.21 kg da-1) ve ayçiçeği (6404.76
kg da-1, 1517.23 kg da-1) arasında farklılık bulunmazken,
bitki boyu ve koçan/tabla oranı bakımından ise istatistik olarak çok önemli (p<0.01)
farklılık saptanmıştır. Çalışmada, ayçiçeği silajında ham kül (HK), ham protein
(HP), ham yağ (HY) ve asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF) içerikleri sırasıyla
% 11.02, % 11.19, % 14.63 ve % 39.74 olarak belirlenmiş olup, bu besin
maddelerine ait kalite özellikleri bakımından mısır silajı için elde edilen
değerlerden (HK % 5.15, HP % 4.80, HY % 6.69 ve ADF % 30.47) daha yüksek olduğu
gözlenmiştir (p<0.05). Araştırma sonucunda; Van ekolojik koşullarında mısır
silajına alternatif olarak ayçiçeğinin silajlık olarak yetiştirilebileceği sonucuna
varılmıştır.
Review: dry hopping in brewing
Authors: Novikova I. V. , Rukavitsyn P. V. , Muravev A. S.
Published: October 2018

Dry hopping defined as the addition of hops or hops-products at the cold stage of the brewing process. The practice of dry hopping is currently used in many American styles of beer (IPA, APA, Imperial Stout), Belgian (Ali and Tripoli), traditional British (IPA, Extra Special Bitter), as well as other styles of beer with a developed aromatic component. The main volatile bitter and aromatic components of hops include terpenes (myrcene, humulene and betacarotene), which are characterized by “herbaceous” aroma. There are also linalool and geraniol, which give floral and fruity notes. Terpineol and pinene are making a resinous character. Currently developed special technology, the introduction of hops and the appropriate equipment for dry hopping: flower hops; hop suspension; hop pellets; semi-automatic methods. Dry hopping carried out to increase the “hoppy” aroma of beer and found application due to the increased popularity of small brewing in the world. Since dry hopping performed at relatively low temperatures thermal decomposition and volatilization of aromatic compounds is significantly reduced. This results in a higher concentration of these compounds in the finished product. The source of the aromatic properties of the beer is the polyphenols. In the process of dry hopping about 80-90% of polyphenols extracted during the first 12 hours. Flavan-3-ols increases perceived bitterness and astringency. Monomers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol play a role in the stability of taste, colloidal stability and foam resistance of the drink, have antiradical and antioxidant properties.
Influence of the parameters processes of cultivation of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in simple periodic culture on the yield and biosynthesis of some cellular components
Authors: Meledina T. V. , Ivanova V. A. , Razan H. , Golovinskaya O. V. , Novikova I. V. , Korostelev A. V.
Published: October 2018

The growth and multiplication of the industrially significant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is primarily determined by the balance of the composition of the nutrient medium used. In order to prevent a decrease in the speed of the biotechnology process and to achieve the optimal yield of the desired biosynthesis product (biomass), it is necessary to introduce such nutrient deficiencies as vitamins and trace elements into the nutrient medium. At present, there is much information about the influence of different environmental factors on the growth and multiplication of microorganisms. However, the potential possibilities of microbial cultures have not been fully used. Researchers during the preparation of nutrient media until recent time mainly use the methods of establishing one-factor dependence that are based on the principle of alternating change of each nutrient media factor with the others being constant. In this work, the impact on the biomass yield of various process parameters in their interactions is investigated. A multifactor dependence is established using the methods of mathematical design of an experiment. These methods allow both to study the effects of a large number of factors and to construct a mathematical model of the process revealing the quantitative value of each individual factor and to take into account the interfactor interactions in the system .The cultivation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was conducted in a simple periodic culture. The factors used were: the amount of inoculum, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and biotin in the medium. Using experimental data and multifactor analysis, it was found that under these conditions, the content of biotin in the medium mostly affects the biomass synthesis. It was established that, in an optimally composed media, the economic coefficient was independent of the size of the seeding. Moreover, it was shown that the size of the fund of free amino acids is inversely related to the consumption of the seeding: with an increase in the initial density of the population, the number of amino acids in cells decreases.
Technological solutions for intelligent data processing in the food industry
Authors: Nikitina M. A. , Pchelkina V. A. , Kuznetsova O. A.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the possibilities of application of artificial neural networks (ANN), which are a mathematical model, as well as its software or hardware implementation, built on the principle of organization and functioning of nerve cell networks of a living organism. Convolutional neural networks are arranged like the visual cortex of the brain and have achieved great success in image recognition, they are able to concentrate on a small area and highlight important features in it. The widespread use of ANN in medicine for the evaluation of radiographs, blood pressure and body mass index of patients on the analysis of their retina is noted. The use of ANN in the food industry for input quality control of raw materials is promising. In the world practice, various methods of remote control of raw materials are used, for this purpose ultrasonic scanning devices are mainly used. Such devices and analysis systems control raw materials by the ratio of meat tissues (muscle, connective, fat) in the carcass or half-carcass, without affecting the tissue structure, do not lead the quality at the cellular (microstructural) level. It is established that the structure of muscle (diameter of muscle fibers, the safety of the cellular elements, the porosity of the tissue, integrity of muscle fibers) reflects the quality of the raw material, its thermal state. Our work has begun on the creation of an expert system for quality control of meat raw materials at the microstructural level using modern intelligent technologies as ANN and computer vision. This direction is relevant and socially significant in the development of the meat industry, as it will significantly speed up the process of analysis of the quality of raw meat in the research laboratories of meat processing enterprises and testing centers and improve the objectivity of the results.
Research of the technology for the production of modified sulfur bituminous binders
Authors: Djimasbe R. , Ivanov V. B. , Kemalov A. F. , Kemalov R. A. , Valeev T. F. , Nerobov N.
Published: October 2018

In this article, a review of the literature on the technology for producing elemental sulfur-based paving material was reviewed, and a laboratory test of this technology was conducted at the Department of Highly Viscous Crude Oil and Bitumen. Natural. Attempts to mix sulfur with bitumen to reduce the cost of road construction and sulfur use were undertaken earlier, but the resulting blends did not provide the appropriate quality and the process was difficult to implement. The article proposes a unique technology to obtain not a physical mixture, but the formation of a chemical bond between sulfur and bitumen with the formation of bitumen polymers. This technology becomes possible with the use of a catalyst specially developed by the initiators of the project and has no equivalent in the world practice. And we add that the subject of the production of sulfur bitumen is not a question of actuality on the one hand since 1970, many researchers are interested in this subject but as with the abundance of oil and no one question about alternative solutions, and today with the reduction of traditional oil this theme is really soliciting.
Complex-modified basalt plastics
Authors: Kadykova Y. A. , Bredikhin P. A. , Arzamastsev S. V. , Kalganova S. G.
Published: October 2018

In view of the fact that the creation and development of the production of new polymers practically does not occur, the modification of known materials, the creation of polymer composites filled with various substances is today one of the priority directions in the creation of new polymeric materials. In this paper, the possibility of increasing the reactivity by processing corona discharge of large-capacity polymer-polyethylene when filled with modified basalt. The method of full factorial experiment, regression equations, analysis of which showed a prevailing influence of DC corona discharge on the physico-mechanical characteristics of polymeric composite materials. The optimal ratio of the components of the composite material and the current during the processing of polyethylene corona discharge were chosen by gradient method. The prospects and expediency of obtaining complex-modified basalt plastics on the basis of low-pressure polyethylene treated with corona discharge are proved, since all physical, chemical and mechanical properties of polyethylene composites are increased. The method of infrared spectroscopy shows that in a complex-modified basalt plastic there are practically no groups of hydroxyl groups, the intensity of peaks of methylol groups and peaks –Si-O-Si-is significantly reduced, which indicates the chemical interaction of polyethylene treated with corona discharge and modified basalt.
Osmotic dehydration of berries: study of mass transfer parameters
Authors: Gribova N. A. , Berketova L. V.
Published: October 2018

Osmotic dehydration, due to its advantages related to energy and quality, is gaining popularity as an additional stage of processing in the chain of complex processing of products. As a rule, osmotic dehydration is a slow process, so there is a need for additional methods to increase mass transfer without adversely affecting the quality of the product. This has provided the necessary motivation for many recent achievements in the field. Minimal processing methods, such as osmodehydration, find a significant place in the processing industry to increase the shelf life of fruit and berry raw materials. The overall efficiency of the process is determined by the process parameters affecting the phenomenon of mass transfer. Therefore, in this work the parameters of mass transfer in osmotic dehydration of berry raw materials: strawberry, raspberry, blackcurrant, BlackBerry are studied. The process of mass transfer has been modeled effectively, as evidenced by the results obtained. Berries, previously dehydrated at 70°Brix solution of sucrose, have the cryoscopy temperature lower (-1.7°C)–(-4.8°C), dehydrated at 60°Brix solution of sucrose from (-1.1°C) to (-2,6°C).The number of crystallized water in berries, dehydrated in 60°Brix solution of sucrose made up from 8.6–10.1 %, and in 70°Brix solution from a 13.9–12.9 %.The amount of frozen water in berries, dehydrated 70 ° Brix sucrose solution from 7.5–40.4%, dehydrated 60°Brix sucrose solution from 2.3–10.1%. Reducing the activity of water in berries treated with 70°Brix solution was 2.8–0.8 %, 60°Brix sucrose solution from 1.4–0.3%. The obtained data show that due to osmotic dehydration of berries with a solution of sucrose, followed by freezing, the activity of water decreases, which allows extending the shelf life and limits the access of microorganisms to growth in the environment.
Innovation as a factor of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Kozlobaeva E. A. , Glotova I. A. , Yablonovskaya S. I. , Litovkin A. N.
Published: October 2018

The competitiveness of various economic entities is an actual topic of economic research. For agro-industrial enterprises, innovation in the field of industrial technologies is an important condition for competitiveness. Practical interest in the development and implementation of innovative products is the creation of reserves for the renewal and further development of the reproductive process. From this point of view, it is necessary to assess the feasibility of introducing proposed technological innovations, based, inter alia, on the use of the SWOT analysis method and the investment evaluation of the competitiveness of project solutions. When carrying out the SWOT-analysis method, the competitive environment of the functioning of the agro-industrial enterprise is considered as an object of research. The subject of the study is the process of increasing the competitiveness of the agro-industrial enterprise for the processing of poultry products by developing and introducing high technology technological innovations, in which the authors position new recipe-component solutions for paste based on the use of secondary collagen-containing slaughter and poultry products, in particular chickens, broilers. The importance of these innovations is emphasized to strengthen the competitive positions of enterprises in the agroindustrial complex. The economic efficiency of introducing technological innovations is substantiated from the point of view of obtaining an investment effect and having comparative advantages over an alternative variant of financial investments in the form of a bank deposit. In the selected range of bank rates (12–20%), the production variant of investments is more stable than the possible income in the form of interest on deposits, in particular by criteria, internal profitability and the payback period of investments.
Key directions of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in the forest sector of economics
Authors: Grigoryeva V. V. , Sokolinskaya Yu. M.
Published: October 2018

The significant role of small business in the development of the national economy is manifested not only in ensuring the development of its separate spheres of activity, but also in the historical, legal and economic aspects. The history of the formation of national economies shows that the development of the economies of countries recognized as highly developed was accompanied by a significant economic growth in the share of small business, which is the basis of the economy. Today, the basis for the growth of socio-economic indicators of the economies of developed countries are entrepreneurs. Small business makes it possible to create equilibrium conditions in Russia for integration into a virtual economy that is developing all over the world. This is due to the fact that in crisis conditions of functioning small business tries to make the most effective use of real and innovative means for development, which can attract large initial investments for the development of the virtual economy. At present, ensuring economic stability is one of the key components of the development of the national economy. And in this connection it should be noted that small business plays a key role in ensuring economic sustainability. Of particular interest is not all small entrepreneurship in general, but in certain sectors of the economy that play a strategically important role in ensuring a stable and balanced development of the national economy.
Features of ultrafiltration purification of industrial solutions of starch and treacle production
Authors: Lazarev S. I. , Kovaleva O. A. , Shestakov K. V. , Polyanskii K. K.
Published: October 2018

The paper examines the specific output stream and the rate of detention of a semi-permeable ultrafiltration membranes, UPM, UAM150, UAM200 in the separation process, waste starch and syrup production JSC., the company "Krakhmaloprodukt" low-pressure baromembrane method. As a result of the analysis of experimental data, the dependence of the retention factor of ultrafiltration membranes UPM-K, UAM150, UAM20 at different concentrations of the dissolved substance was obtained and analyzed. For the theoretical calculation of the process of ultrafiltration separation technology solutions of starch and syrup production modified mathematical expression for the factor of detention and the specific output stream and the numerical values of the empirical coefficients. Ultrafiltration for the separation of waste starch and syrup production the technological scheme of purification, separating the main elements of which was the pre-filter, biofilter, cascade ultrafiltration apparatus, centrifugal and plunger pumps, as well as the adsorption column.The application expediency of the selected apparatus with flat chambers lies in the simplicity of their production technology and in the self-selection possibility of optimum type membranes. It is possible in the presented apparatuses to usemembranes of different types and in the course of the evaluation experiment to establish to what extent they correspond to the most important technological parameters of the process, such as specific output flow, retention factor and resistance to pollution. It is noted that the specific output flow of ultrafiltration membranes decreases with the increase of the initial concentration of the dissolved substance, as the viscosity of the solution increases and its osmotic pressure increases, and the decrease in the retention factor of ultrafiltration membranes is caused by the formation of diffusion boundary layers on the active layer of membranes.
Organizational and economic features of the functioning of small enterprises of the forest sector of economics and the causes of strengthening the deformation of enterprise activity
Authors: Kolesnichenko E. A. , Sokolinskaya Yu. M.
Published: October 2018

In modern Russian conditions of economic management, it is important to analyze deformations in the development of small business in those sectors of the economy that are strategically important for the development of the economy of the whole country. So, for Russia strategic resources, determining the vector of development of its economy, among others are forestry. This is due to the fact that Russia is the world's largest country with forest resources. It ranks first in the world in terms of forest area and the volume of timber reserves. In addition, the development of entrepreneurship in forestry, including small business, is the most problematic in the current economic conditions. Due to the specific scope and the lack of financial capacity of small businesses in this sector demonstrates the lack of effectiveness in its development, which is reflected in the increase in arrears to the budgets of all levels, increasing the size of the shadow work and others. The results of the survey of small business leaders revealed that businesses can to lead a part of the activity into the shadow, first of all, with the goal of reducing costs. According to the estimates of the World Wide Fund for Nature, the extent of deforestation in the informal sector in Russia is more than 30%, and in the surplus regions up to 59-70%. According to expert estimates, federal and regional budgets are losing every year in this connection from 1 to 1.5 billion rubles. forest payments. The reasons for the deforming activities in small business are inadequate state, legal and economic policies and the lack of effective measures to support small business. This necessitates a more careful study of the implemented instruments of state support for small business in the forest sector of the economy, taking into account the currently existing factors of business deformation.
Strategi Pemberdayaan Komunitas Perempuan Miskin Berbasis Agribisnis
Authors: Haryono Dedi , Wisadirana Darsono , Chawa Anif Fatma
Published: October 2018

The feminization of poverty is one of the major issues in the implementation of development in the Provincial Government of East Java. The main problem is centered on the helplessness and vulnerability in groups of poor and very poor. Approach to empowering the female head of households to develop productive business by utilizing local potential is expected to be one of the alternative solutions to solve the problem of poverty. Various problems that arise later in the implementation to running empowerment of female households head is starting from limited access to working capital, low levels of formal education members, lack of knowledge (soft skills and hard skills), time constraints in dividing roles in the family and work, lack of trust for women doing self actualization, and low self reliance in the decision making process is a real obstacle faced in developing empowerment. The results of this study are as follows; the pattern of the active participation of poor women is needed to overcome the inhibiting factors and optimize a contributing factor in the empowerment process, the strategy of community empowerment of poor women by establishing the Agribusiness Microfinance Institutions (LKMA) and overall support of stakeholders for members of the group community empowerment consisting of poor female head of households.

 

Feminisasi kemiskinan merupakan salah satu isu utama dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan di lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur. Masalah utama difokuskan pada ketidakberdayaan dan kerentanan pada golongan penduduk miskin dan sangat miskin pada kelompok kepala rumah tangga perempuan. Pendekatan pemberdayaan kelompok kepala rumah tangga perempuan tersebut untuk mengembangkan usaha produktif dengan memanfaatkan potensi lokal diharapkan menjadi salah satu alternatif pemecahan masalah kemiskinan. Berbagai permasalahan yang muncul kemudian pada pelaksanaan pemberdayaan kelompok kepala rumah tangga perempuan adalah dimulai dari keterbatasan akses terhadap modal kerja, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan formal anggota, keterbatasan pengetahuan (soft skill) dan keterampilan (hard skill), keterbatasan waktu dalam membagi peran dalam keluarga dan pekerjaan, kurangnya rasa percaya diri perempuan dalam beraktualisasi, dan rendahnya kemandirian dalam proses pengambilan keputusan merupakan hambatan yang nyata dihadapi dalam mengembangkan usaha pemberdayaan. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa bentuk dan pola partisipasi aktif perempuan miskin sangat diperlukan untuk mengatasi faktor penghambat dan mengoptimalkan faktor pendukung dalam proses pemberdayaan, strategi pemberdayaan komunitas perempuan miskin dengan mendirikan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Agribisnis (LKMA) dan dukungan menyeluruh pihak pemangku kepentingan (stakeholders) kepada anggota kelompok pemberdayaan yang terdiri dari kepala rumah tangga perempuan miskin.
Research on dynamic responses of incompletely water-filled cylindrical shell subjected to explosion impact
Authors: Gao Fuyin , Ji Chong , Liu Ying , Cheng Liangyu , Yu Yang
Published: October 2018

Numerical simulation on the deformations and damages of incompletely water-filled cylindrical shells subjected to explosion impacts were carried out. The Research shows that the degree of deformation and failure of the incompletely liquid-filled cylindrical shell is smaller than that of the empty cylindrical shell in the same condition. The dynamic response of the completely water-filled cylindrical shell subjected to 75gTNT explosion impact is the same with the one of partially water-filled cylindrical shell. The anti-explosion performance of the 95 % volume water-filled cylindrical shell subjected to 200gTNT explosion impact is better. The explosion direction greatly influenced the dynamic response of partially filled-water cylindrical shell. The dynamic response of a partially water-filled cylindrical shell is approximately the same as that of the fully water-filled cylindrical shell, when the explosion direction is on one side of the water. The results show that internal pressure of water will increase when subjecting to impact loading, the anti-blast ability of tube structure significantly enhanced.
Improve the performance of full-scale continuous treatment of municipal wastewater by combining a numerical model and online sensors
Authors: Chen Qiuwen , Wang Qibin , Yan Hanlu , Chen Cheng , Ma Jinfeng , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2018

Mathematical models based on instant environmental inputs are increasingly applied to optimize the operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for improving treatment efficiency. This study established a numerical model consisting of the activated sludge module ASM3 and EAWAG bio-P module, and calibrated the model using data from a full-scale experiment conducted in a WWTP in Nanjing, China. The calibrated model was combined with online sensors for water temperature, chemical oxygen demand, -N and -P to optimize and dynamically adjust the operation of the WWTP. The results showed that, compared to the original default operation mode, the effluent water quality was significantly improved after optimization even without supplementation of external carbon or alkalinity, and the required aeration rate in spring, summer, autumn, and winter was reduced by 15, 41, 33 and 11%, respectively. The study indicated that there was the potential for application of closed-loop automatic control to regulate operating parameters to improve wastewater treatment processes through the integration of data on influent characteristics and environmental conditions from sensors, and results from simulation models.
“ATOMIC LAW” OR “NUCLEAR LAW”? AN ACADEMIC DISCUSSION REVISITED
Authors: Handrlica J.
Published: October 2018

The terms “atomic law” and “nuclear law” are regularly being (to a certain part as synonyms) used in both scientific and popular literature to refer to a body of legal norms, governing peaceful uses of nuclear energy and ionizing radiation, as provided by sources of international law (“international atomic law,” or “international nuclear law”), national legislation and a complex body of unbinding norms (soft law). Further, several other variations of these terms are also regularly used (such as “atomic energy law,” “nuclear energy law,” “international nuclear law,” “law of the atomic/nuclear energy,” etc.). This contribution aims to identify the origins of this terminological labyrinth and to deal with the perception of these terms in the legal scholarship. Further, this contribution deals with the recent perception of these terms in the legal science of major States, using nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. This article aims to clarify the existing terminology, which is to large extent being used in the literature without an appropriate explanation. The author pleads for a consequent use of the term “nuclear law” (droit nucléaire, yadernoe pravo, Nuklearrecht, derecho nuclear, diritto nucleare) and presents arguments for such conclusion.
THE “JUSTICE INDEX” IS A STEP TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL GOAL 16 OF THE U.N. AGENDA
Authors: Alekseevskaya E. , Treskina L.
Published: October 2018

This paper proposes a method for measuring sustainable development as a means of the implementation of the Global Goal 16 of the United Nations Agenda. This method is the primary attempt to quantify the quality of the rules of the judiciary and access to a court in order to monitor sustainable development in the area of justice. In the recent years, the U.N. drew attention to the fact that qualitative changes should be evaluated through quantitative indicators.

The authors’ methodology is based on the fair trial standard formulated by the European Court of Human Rights based on the interpretation of Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as well as the public services standard of the Russian Federation. This indexing method helps to assess the current level of legal guarantees in the rules of legal proceedings and draft legislation, and to establish their compliance with the fair trial principles. Indexing the access to justice has another positive effect – it helps to monitor the local situations and every level of the judicial system.

Putting this method into practice will encourage avoidance of the adoption of bills that might reduce the level of legal guarantees and will assist attempts to monitor its dynamics. It could promote the introduction of effective procedures and better access to court, ensure the improved accountability of all public justice institutions at all levels and support overall societal wellbeing.
Primera época - Año II, Número 5, mayo-agosto del 2000
Authors: De San Luis Revista de El Colegio
Published: October 2018

Este número corresponde a la primera época de la Revista de El Colegio de San Luis, denominado VETAS.
Estrogen Receptor Alpha and its Ubiquitination in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Tecalco-Cruz Angeles C. , Ramírez-Jarquín Josué O. , Cruz-Ramos Eduardo
Published: October 2018

More than 70% of all breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ERα). ERα is a member of the nuclear receptor family, and its activity is implicated in the gene transcription linked to the proliferation of breast cancer cells, as well as in extranuclear signaling pathways related to the development of resistance to endocrine therapy. Protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications of ERα underlie critical mechanisms that modulate its activity. In this review, the relationship between ERα and ubiquitin protein (Ub), was investigated in the context of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, Ub can bind covalently or non-covalently to ERα resulting in either a proteolytic or non-proteolytic fate for this receptor. Thereby, Ub-dependent molecular pathways that modulate ERα signaling may play a central role in breast cancer progression, and consequently, present critical targets for treatment of this disease.
A Structural Chemistry Perspective on the Antimalarial Properties of Thiosemicarbazone Metal Complexes
Authors: Summers Kelly L.
Published: October 2018

Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease, affecting approx. 214 million people worldwide. Malaria is caused by a protozoan, Plasmodium falciparum, which is transmitted through the Anopheles mosquito. Malaria treatment is becoming more challenging due to rising resistance against the antimalarial drug, chloroquine. Novel compounds that target aspects of parasite development are being explored in attempts to overcome this wide-spread problem. Anti-malarial drugs target specific aspects of parasite growth and development within the human host. One of the most effective targets is the inhibition of hematin formation, either through inhibition of cysteine proteases or through iron chelation. Metal-thiosemicarbazone (TSC) complexes have been tested for antimalarial efficacy against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of P. falciparum. An array of TSC complexes with numerous transition metals, including ruthenium, palladium, and gold has displayed antiplasmodial activity. Au(I)- and Pd(II)-TSC complexes displayed the greatest potency; 4-amino-7-chloroquine moieties were also found to improve antiplasmodial activity of TSCs. Although promising metal-TSC drug candidates have been tested against laboratory strains of P. falciparum, problems arise when attempting to compare between studies. Future work should strive to completely characterize synthesized metal-TSC structures and assess antiplasmodial potency against several drug-sensitive and drugresistant strains. Future studies need to precisely determine IC50 values for antimalarial drugs, chloroquine and ferroquine, to establish accurate standard values. This will make future comparisons across studies more feasible and potentially help reveal structure-function relationships. Investigations that attempt to link drug structures or properties to antiplasmodial mechanism(s) of action will aid in the design of antimalarial drugs that may combat rising drug resistance.