bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulating the metal center in MIL-101 for the piezoelectric catalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Li Yatai , Li Zhi , Lin Xuecong , Lv Hao , Zhu Mingshan
Published: April 2023

By modulating the metal center of MIL-101, more free electrons are released to drive efficient piezoelectric catalytic hydrogen peroxide synthesis.
Handcuffed antisense oligonucleotides for light-controlled cell-free expression
Authors: Hartmann Denis , Booth Michael J.
Published: April 2023

Topologically constraining antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) into a handcuff structure,viaphotocages, silences their activity and opens up the possibility of precise light-controlled regulation of biological systems.
Theoretical and computational methodologies for understanding coordination self-assembly complexes
Authors: Takahashi Satoshi , Iuchi Satoru , Hiraoka Shuichi , Sato Hirofumi
Published: April 2023

Theoretical and computational methods have proven powerful in capturing both the local and the global pictures of molecular self-assembly processes.
A brief review on thermally induced oxidation and oxidative etching of thin MoS2 crystals
Authors: Szoszkiewicz Robert
Published: April 2023

Thin and single MoS2 flakes have already been employed in the world of flexible nanoelectronics, particularly in sensing, optoelectronics and energy harvesting.
Quantitative analysis of cross-talk in partly deuterated samples of nuclear spins hyperpolarized by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in the thermal mixing regime
Authors: Rodin Bogdan A. , Thalakottoor Vineeth , Baudin Mathieu , Birilirakis Nicolas , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V. , Abergel Daniel
Published: April 2023

DNP cross-talk experiments in the thermal mixing regime provide energy transfer rates between the different reservoirs. The dependence of the kinetic parameters on the radical concentration and H/D ratio sheds light onto the nature of “hidden” spins.
Simultaneously improving the efficiencies of photo- and thermal isomerization of an oxindole-based light-driven molecular rotary motor by a structural redesign
Authors: Ma Jianzheng , Zhao Di , Yu Le , Jiang Chenwei , Lan Zhenggang , Li Fuli
Published: April 2023

Operational efficiencies of photo- and thermal isomerization of an oxindole-based light-driven molecular rotary motor are simultaneously improved by a structural redesign, and this design idea sheds light on the future development of more efficient molecular motors.
Magnifying the ESIPT process in tris(salicylideneanilines) via the steric effect – a pathway to the molecules with panchromatic fluorescence
Authors: Gawrys Pawel , Morawski Olaf , Banasiewicz Marzena , Barboza Cristina A.
Published: April 2023

The twist of the phenyl rings of tris(salicylideneanilines) facilitates the ESIPT emission, significantly increases coverage of the visible spectrum and enables spectrally wide tuning of luminescence chromaticity.
Excitation dynamics in photosynthetic light-harvesting complex B850: exact solution versus Redfield and Förster limits
Authors: Novoderezhkin Vladimir I.
Published: April 2023

The exact model of excitation dynamics in photosynthetic B850 antenna allows verification of approaches with simplified treatment of population-to-coherence transfers.
Encapsulation of Astatide by a water cage
Authors: Gómez Sara , Flórez Elizabeth , Acelas Nancy , Hadad Cacier , Restrepo Albeiro
Published: April 2023

A 512cage of (H2O)20consisting of 30 hydrogen bonds encapsulates Astatide with little geometrical distortion.
Rechargeable Li-ion full batteries based on one-dimensional Li-rich Li1.13Mn0.26Ni0.61O2cathode and nitrogen-doped carbon-coated NiO anode materials
Authors: Kim Jong Guk , Noh Yuseong , Kim Youngmin
Published: April 2023

A one-dimensional Li-rich Li1.13Mn0.26Ni0.61O2cathode material and a nitrogen-doped carbon-coated NiO anode material derived from the same one-dimensional Ni(OH)2nanowires were prepared for application in full lithium ion batteries.
Effect of relative humidity, NOx, and ammonia on the physical properties of naphthalene secondary organic aerosols
Authors: Klodt Alexandra L. , Aiona Paige K. , MacMillan Amanda C. , Ji (Julie) Lee Hyun , Zhang Xiaolu , Helgestad Taylor , Novak Gordon A. , Lin Peng , Laskin Julia , Laskin Alexander , Bertram Timothy H. , Cappa Christopher D. , Nizkorodov Sergey A.
Published: April 2023

Relative humidity, NOx, and NH3 can all alter the molecular, optical, and hygroscopic properties of naphthalene SOAs, with a complex synergy between these factors.
Physical, thermal, mechanical, and nutritional properties of bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis L.)
Authors: Grover Rinku , Kargwal Raveena , Singh Punit , Pandiselvam R.
Published: April 2023

The physical, mechanical, thermal, and nutritional properties of bitter apple and their significance in processing, machine designing, and product development are discussed in the present study.
Facile preparation of biodegradable poly(γ-butyrolactone) via base-assisted ring-opening polymerization
Authors: Falconnet Alban , Nicolas Mathieu , Vollgraff Tobias , Konradi Rupert , Bruchmann Bernd , Rodewald Dieter , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas
Published: April 2023

(Co)poly-γ-butyrolactone (pGBL) is a thermoplastic material of high interest to replace common plastics with a more sustainable alternative due to its biodegradability, re-monomerizability and opportunity to be obtained from renewable feedstocks.
High-dispersion Co/N/C ultra-thin carbon nanosheets modified with trace Ce as efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqi , Xie Shengnan , Fu Xin , Zhu Sheng , Min Yulin , Xu Qunjie , Li Qiaoxia
Published: April 2023

The adjustment of the electronic structure of Co using Ce allows Ce–Co/N/C to show excellent ORR performance (E1/2 = 0.893 V).
Synthesis of fluorescent boron carbon nitride nanosheets for the detection of Cu2+ ions and epinephrine
Authors: Patel Mayurkumar Revabhai , Park Tae Jung , Kailasa Suresh Kumar
Published: April 2023

Synthesis of fluorescent BCNNSs for sensing Cu2+ ions and EP via a “turn-off” mechanism.
Ru(0)-catalysed cross-dimerisation and -trimerisation of alkynyl- with butadienylheteroarenes
Authors: Kiyota Sayori , Kamakura Kohei , Komine Nobuyuki , Hirano Masafumi
Published: April 2023

Ru(0)-catalysed cross-trimerisation gives triheteroaryl compounds cross-linked with conjugated trienyl groups. The central 5-membered heteroarene contributes the high planarity.
Growth of diazonium-functionalized ZnO nanoflakes on flexible carbon cloth for electrochemical sensing of acetone in the liquid phase
Authors: Abbas Azhar , Mansoor Seemal , Nawaz Mian Hasnain , Chaudhry Aqif Anwar , Ijaz Kashif , Riaz Sara , Hayat Akhtar
Published: April 2023

Growth of diazonium functionalized ZnO Nanoflakes on flexible carbon cloth and evaluation of the synthesised sensor for simple, sensitive and selective detection of acetone in liquid phase. A wide working range (0.1–2000 ppm) and low detection limit (0.03 ppm) were achieved.
Correction: First principles study of electronic and optical properties and photocatalytic performance of GaN–SiS van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Sabir S. S. , Farooq M. , Din H. U. , Alam Q. , Idrees M. , Bilal M. , Amin B.
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘First principles study of electronic and optical properties and photocatalytic performance of GaN–SiS van der Waals heterostructure’ by S. S. Sabir et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 32996–33003, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA06011B.
How chemists handle not-knowing in reasoning about a novel problem
Authors: Button John , Pamuk Turner Diren , Hammer David
Published: April 2023

The most obvious feature of expertise in chemistry is content knowledge, which defines the primary objectives of instruction. Research in chemistry education, and STEM education more broadly, has also devoted attention to students’ developing scientific practices of reasoning, investigation, and learning. In this study, we set out to investigate how expert chemists reason about an unfamiliar question. We conducted semi-structured, think-aloud interviews with fourteen chemists, all of whom found the problem novel. In this article, we focus on how the chemists handled the situation of not-knowing. We analyzed the moments when they said “I don’t know” (IDK), taking that as a clear, systematic marker of their not-knowing. The results elucidate two general dimensions of the chemists’ reasoning and experience. First, their identifying what they do not know served substantive roles in their reasoning, including to mark that they needed to search for insight or information, or to mark a boundary to the problem space. Second, IDK statements served to help the chemists manage what they experienced socially and emotionally, such as to hedge or distance themselves from ideas they considered, or to forestall their own—or the interviewer's—negative judgments. We discuss both aspects of our findings, and we consider possible implications for instruction and for further research.
A covalent crosslinking strategy to construct a robust peptide-based artificial esterase
Authors: Tian Yi , Yang Lijun , Peng Xin , Qi Wei , Wang Mengfan
Published: April 2023

A robust peptide-based artificial esterase with high catalytic activity, stability and reusability was constructed by introducing a covalent strategy.
Visible-light-driven and selective methane conversion to oxygenates with air on a halide-perovskite-based photocatalyst under mild conditions
Authors: Dong Guang-Xing , Zhang Meng-Ran , Su Ke , Liu Zhao-Lei , Zhang Min , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: April 2023

We have elaborately prepared perovskite-based heterojunctions to achieve high-efficiency photocatalytic CH4transformation to oxygenates under mild conditions.
Ferritin nanocages: a versatile platform for nanozyme design
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Liu Qiqi , Huang Xinglu , Zhuang Jie
Published: April 2023

Overview of ferritin nanocage and ferritin nanozyme. The ferritin nanocages hold different modified interfaces of protein structure (upper). Ferritin nanozymes show various enzyme-like activities for different biomedical applications (bottom).
Impact of organic–inorganic wavefunction delocalization on the electronic and optical properties of one-dimensional hybrid perovskites
Authors: Ni Xiaojuan , Nanayakkara Sadisha , Li Hong , Brédas Jean-Luc
Published: April 2023

This work investigates the impact of electronic couplings between the organic and inorganic components of one-dimensional hybrid perovskites on their ground-state and excited-state electronic properties and optical properties.
Electret prevents the formation of bacterial biofilm
Authors: Sun Zhipeng , Wang Hongbao , Guo Xin , Xu Jiajie , Liang Hejuan , Jiang Jian , Liang Yuanyuan
Published: April 2023

Bacterial biofilm formation is an important factor in bacterial resistance. The commonly used methods to inhibit bacterial biofilms are synthetic drugs such as antimicrobial peptides, but physical methods are often safe, non‐toxic and simple to prepare. This work proposes an environmentally friendly method to use electret films to provide a stable electric field during the formation of bacterial biofilms, inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms through the action of the electric field and weaken the adhesion of bacterial biofilms. The total amount of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm decreased by 20% compared to the control group after the treatment of positive electret. The distribution of exopolysaccharides showed that the activity of biofilm also decreased. In addition, the negative electret can also inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm. The result can be generalised to other Gram‐positive bacteria and could contribute to reduce the resistance of bacteria, improve the effect of related antibiotics, reduce the dosage of antibiotics and reduce the side effects of drugs.
Hybrid AI model for power transformer assessment using imbalanced DGA datasets
Authors: Wang Lin , Littler Tim , Liu Xueqin
Published: April 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been used widely in power transformer fault diagnosis with notable developments in solutions for big data problems. Training data is essential to accurately train AI models. The volume, scope and variety of data samples contribute significantly to the success and reliability of diagnostic outcomes. This paper provides a comprehensive review and comparison of different augmentation methods used to generate reliable data samples for minority and majority classes to balance the diversity and distribution of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) datasets. The augmentation method presented in this paper combines three common AI models—the Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, and k‐Nearest Neighbour (KNN)—to assess performance for diagnostic fault determination and classification, with comparator assessment using no data augmentation. Comparative analysis of the hybrid models uses evaluation metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F‐score, G‐mean, and the area under receiver operation characteristic (Auc). Experimental results presented in this paper confirm that the data augmentation applied to AI models can resolve difficulties in imbalanced data distribution and provide significant improvements for fault diagnosis, particularly for minority classes.
Research on the strategy of locating abnormal data in internet of things management platform based on improved modified particle swarm optimization convolutional neural network algorithm
Authors: Yuan Liu , Qiang Li , Di Cai , Weizhi Lu
Published: April 2023

The Internet of Things (IOT) management platform is used to manage and transmit data from a variety of terminal devices in the power system. In terms of detecting abnormal data, the existing IOT management platform has a low data processing efficiency and a high error rate. In addition, the optimal selection and determination of the structural parameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN) have a substantial effect on its prediction performance. On this basis, the paper proposes a decision algorithm for locating anomalous data in an IOT integrated management platform using a CNN and a global optimization decision of key structural parameters of a CNN using an improved particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm. Initially, an index model is developed to identify whether the data obtained from the IOT management platform is abnormal. Second, the structure of the CNN‐based anomaly detection approach is investigated. Next, an improved particle swarm optimization approach is designed to optimize the structural parameters of the CNN, and an APSO‐CNN with higher performance for anomalous data localization is constructed. Using the Adam optimizer, the accuracy, feasibility, and efficiency of the established method were assessed. The results demonstrate that the developed APSO‐CNN‐based decision method for anomaly data localization offers significant advantages in terms of precision and execution speed, with potentially intriguing application potential.
Comprehensive model of corporate training development system
Authors: Zinchenko Alla , Neznakhina Elena , Sorokin Sergey , Kornilov Dmitry , Lapaev Dmitry
Published: April 2023

The actualisation of the individual’s role in the development of the organisation and the society enhances the importance of corporate training in the company’s system. Ensuring the efficiency of the corporate training system is one of the major tasks of organisational management. The purpose of the present research is the development of a model for managing the corporate training development system with a view to ensure its efficiency with regard for the ongoing changes. The efficiency of the corporate training system depends on the extent of integration of all its elements. The analysis of the corporate training system in terms of the systemic approach made it possible to reveal the discrepancy between the purpose of the system elements at different levels of the organisational hierarchy: between the goals of the corporate training system and the actual goals of the organisation; between the participants of the educational process (the employee, the customer and the organiser). A comprehensive model of corporate training management system has been proposed, that reflects the integration of its elements and is based on the human capital growth cycle. The growth cycle represents a continuous logical sequence of processes which, if realised, ensure the efficiency of the educational process. The management of a corporate training development system based on the comprehensive model makes it possible to ensure integration of system elements’ objectives and allows a targeted approach to the problem of corporate training system efficiency.
Reducing Defectiveness of the Interphase Layer in Polymer Composite Materials after Exposure to a Microwave Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Zlobina Irina , Bekrenev Nikolay , Shamsutdinov Ruslan
Published: April 2023

The microstructure in the area of the interfacial layer (IFL) of structural carbon and glass-reinforced plastics after exposure to a microwave electromagnetic field in the cured state has been studied. It was found that the IFL of control and experimental samples is characterized by the presence of structural formations of complex shape with granular morphology, the element sizes of which are 10-20 nm. The IFL of control samples is characterized by increased defectiveness, expressed in numerous microcracks of 100-500 nm in size and more, and matrix delaminations from the fiber up to several hundred nanometers in size. In experimental samples, such defects are practically not detected. In the modes of microwave exposure, corresponding to the temperature of the temporary restoration of the plasticity of the matrix, the formation of waviness is noted. The research results allow us to conclude that one of the reasons for the increase in the physical and mechanical properties of cured polymer composite materials as a result of microwave exposure is a significant reduction in defectiveness in the IFL.
Algorithms for the genome median under a restricted measure of rearrangement
Authors: Silva Helmuth O.M. , Rubert Diego P. , Araujo Eloi , Steffen Eckhard , Doerr Daniel , Martinez Fábio V.
Published: April 2023

Ancestral reconstruction is a classic task in comparative genomics. Here, we study thegenome median problem, a related computational problem which, given a set of three or more genomes, asks to find a new genome that minimizes the sum of pairwise distances between it and the given genomes. Thedistancestands for the amount of evolution observed at the genome level, for which we determine the minimum number of rearrangement operations necessary to transform one genome into the other. For almost all rearrangement operations the median problem is NP-hard, with the exception of thebreakpoint medianthat can be constructed efficiently for multichromosomal circular and mixed genomes. In this work, we study the median problem under a restricted rearrangement measure calledc4-distance, which is closely related to the breakpoint and the DCJ distance. We identify tight bounds and decomposers of thec4-median and develop algorithms for its construction, one exact ILP-based and three combinatorial heuristics. Subsequently, we perform experiments on simulated data sets. Our results suggest that thec4-distance is useful for the study the genome median problem, from theoretical and practical perspectives.
Student-led design, development and tests of an autonomous, low-cost platform for distributed space weather observations
Authors: Wright Isaac G. , Solanki Ishita , Desai Anupa , Socola Josemaria Gomez , Rodrigues Fabiano S.
Published: April 2023

Distributed arrays of ground-based instruments can help advance observations and improve understanding of space weather. The implementation of an array of sensors can be constrained, however, by the high cost of commercial instruments and the availability of Internet and power. Additionally, distributed observations require sensors that can be easily deployed and maintained. As part of an effort to expand the breath of skills of physics students while increasing literacy about space weather, a team of undergraduates was formed and tasked with designing, building, and testing an autonomous platform for ionospheric observations using ScintPi 3.0. ScintPi 3.0 is a low-cost ionospheric scintillation and total electron content (TEC) monitor. The design led to a platform that employs cellular-based Internet connectivity as well as solar and battery power. A fully functional prototype was built and deployed near Dallas, USA (32.9° N, 96.4° W). Results show that the platform can run for 232 hours using battery only or indefinitely when connected to the selected solar photovoltaic panel. For system monitoring, LTE functionality enables near real-time updates of the systems’ health and remote shell access. Examples of observations made by the prototype are presented, including the detection of ionospheric effects caused by a space weather event. Additionally, the potential of the system for research, education, and citizen science initiatives are discussed.
Anlässe und Folgen von Raubtierattacken auf Menschen von 1950–2019
Authors: Rieke Burkhard
Published: April 2023

In einer umfangreichen Literaturrecherche, die auch „Graue Literatur“ umfasste, konnte das Autorenteam schließlich 5440 Attacken von Raubtieren auf Menschen identifizieren (Abb. 1) und nach Anlass und Folgen klassifizieren. Die situativen wie die übergreifenden Ursachen des Aufeinandertreffens von Mensch und Raubtier haben Konsequenzen für das Verhalten Reisender in Naturräumen, die ihnen fremd sind.
Psycho-Oncological Care Provision in Highly Distressed Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Schlaiss Tanja , Singer Susanne , Herbert Saskia-Laureen , Diessner Joachim , Bartmann Catharina , Kiesel Matthias , Janni Wolfgang , Kuehn Thorsten , Flock Felix , Felberbaum Ricardo , Schwentner Lukas , Leinert Elena , Woeckel Achim ,   for the BRENDA study group
Published: April 2023

Objective To evaluate the proportion of breast cancer (BC) patients with distress or psychological comorbidity as well as offer and use of psychological support in subgroups of BC
patients with different extents of distress.

Methods 456 patients with BC were evaluated at baseline (t1) and until 5 years after diagnosis (t4) at the BRENDA certified BC centers. Logistic regression was used to analyze if
patients with distress at t1 received offers and actual psychological support more often than patients without distress at t1. Regression analyses were used to examine if acute, emerging or
chronic disease was associated with higher rates of offer and use of psychotherapy as well as intake of psychotropic drugs.

Results In 45% of BC patients psychological affection was detected at t4. The majority of patients with moderate or severe distress at t1 (77%) received the offer for psychological
service, while 71% of those received the offer for support at t4. Patients, who were psychologically affected at t1, have not been offered psychological services more often than those
without, but they significantly more often used services if offered. Especially patients with acute comorbidity received significantly more often an offer for psychotherapy compared to
unimpaired patients, while those patients with emerging or chronic disease did not. 14% of BC patients took psychopharmaceuticals. This mainly concerns patients with chronic comorbidity.

Conclusion Psychological services were offered to and used by a fair amount of BC patients. All subgroups of BC patients should be addressed, in order to improve the comprehensive
supply with psychological services.
Osteoporose-Risikofaktoren
Authors: Baum Erika , Rintelen Bernhard , Siggelkow Heide , Engelke Klaus , Glüer Claus-C. , Thomasius Friederike
Published: April 2023

Ziel Im Rahmen der Überarbeitung der 2017er Leitlinie Prophylaxe,
Diagnostik und Therapie der Osteoporose bei postmenopausalen Frauen und bei
Männern für den Deutschsprachigen Raum sollte das Risiko
für osteoporosetypische Frakturen möglichst präzise und
unter Einbeziehung aktueller Daten quantifiziert werden.

Methoden Anhand einer systematischen Literaturrecherche ermittelte die
Autorengruppe Risikofaktoren für osteoporosetypische Frakturen- in
diesem Falle explizit hüftnahe und Wirbelkörperfrakturen. Die
Ergebnisse wurden zusammengeführt, bewertet und priorisiert in Hinblick
auf ihre Relevanz für die Risikokalkulation, die zukünftig
elektronisch in Form eines Risikorechners möglich sein soll.

Ergebnisse Besonders starke Risikofaktoren für
Hüftfrakturen sind vorausgegangene Frakturen verschiedener
Lokalisationen sowie Typ 1 Diabetes, Glucocorticoid-Therapie und einige
neurologische Erkrankungen. Bei über 75-jährigen bildet ein
timed-up-and-go Test >15 sec. sehr gut das erhöhte
Risiko durch mehrere mit erhöhter Sturzneigung korrelierenden
Erkrankungen ab. Nach Frakturen ist das Risiko weiterer Frakturen im Folgejahr
stark erhöht, weshalb zusätzlich das imminente Frakturrisiko zu
beachten ist. Hier berichten wir den derzeitigen Stand der Bewertung und
Einarbeitung

Schlussfolgerung Wegen der Komplexität der einzelnen
Einflussfaktoren ist die Risikoabschätzung am besten mit einem
validierten, elektronisch verfügbaren Risikokalkulator möglich.
Zwischenergebnisse dazu werden hier genannt, wobei für die
Übergangsphase auch eine Papierversion im Leitlinienupdate zur Anwendung
kommen soll.
Online-Therapie zusätzlich zur Psychoanalyse? Welche Bedarfe
formulieren niedergelassene psychodynamische Psychotherapeut:innen an
Online-Therapie Module für ihre ambulante Arbeit?
Authors: Fenski Friederike , Böttcher Johanna , Hörz-Sagstetter Susanne
Published: April 2023

Ziel der Studie In den letzten Jahren sehen sich Psychotherapeut: innen
verstärkt vor der Herausforderung, bei begrenzten zeitlichen Ressourcen
den Behandlungsbedarf effizient zu decken und gleichzeitig langfristig stabile
Behandlungserfolge zu erzielen. Eine Möglichkeit, sich dem zu stellen,
liegt in der Integration von internetbasierten Interventionen in die ambulante
Psychotherapie. Während es bereits viel Forschung zu
verhaltenstherapeutischen Onlineangeboten gibt, bleiben Vorstellungen und
Haltungen psychodynamischer Psychotherapeut:innen im Dunkeln. Es soll daher die
Frage beantwortet werden, wie spezielle Online-Module aussehen müssten,
die niedergelassene psychodynamische Psychotherapeut:innen in ihrer ambulanten
Praxis zur Unterstützung ihrer regulären
Präsenztherapien anwenden würden.

Methode In dieser Arbeit wurden 20 niedergelassene psychodynamische
Psychotherapeut:innen in halbstrukturierten Interviews nach ihren Anforderungen
an Inhalte möglicher Online-Module befragt. Die transkribierten
Interviews wurden mittels der Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass einige psychodynamische
Psychotherapeut:innen bereits Übungen oder Materialien nutzen, die in
das Online-Format übertragen werden können. Zudem konnten
Voraussetzungen identifiziert werden, die Online-Module erfüllen
müssten, um von den Interviewten in ihrer Praxis verwendet zu werden,
beispielweise eine einfache Handhabung oder ein spielerischer Charakter.
Gleichzeitig wurde deutlich, wann und bei welchen Patient:innen-Gruppen
Online-Module in die psychodynamische Psychotherapie integriert werden
würden.

Diskussion Die befragten psychodynamischen Psychotherapeut:innen
betrachteten es durchaus als einen attraktiven Ansatz, Online-Module als Add-On
zur Psychotherapie und über ein breites inhaltliches Spektrum hinweg
anzubieten. Sie gaben praktische Hinweise zur Ausgestaltung möglicher
Module, sowohl auf der Ebene genereller Handhabung als auch zu konkreten
Inhalten, Wörtern und Ideen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dienten der Entwicklung verfahrens- und
störungsübergreifender Online-Module, deren Einsatz in der
ambulanten psychotherapeutischen Regelversorgung in Deutschland innerhalb einer
randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie untersucht wird.
Leveraging the Electronic Health Record to Implement Emergency Department Delirium Screening
Authors: Chary Anita N. , Brickhouse Elise , Torres Beatrice , Santangelo Ilianna , Carpenter Christopher R. , Liu Shan W. , Godwin Kyler M. , Naik Aanand D. , Singh Hardeep , Kennedy Maura
Published: April 2023

Objective The aim of this study is to understand how emergency departments (EDs) use health information technology (HIT), and specifically the electronic health record (EHR), to support implementation of delirium screening.

Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 23 ED clinician-administrators, representing 20 EDs, about how they used HIT resources to implement delirium screening. Interviews focused on challenges participants experienced when implementing ED delirium screening and EHR-based strategies they used to overcome them. We coded interview transcripts using dimensions from the Singh and Sittig sociotechnical model, which addresses use of HIT in complex adaptive health care systems. Subsequently, we analyzed data for common themes across dimensions of the sociotechnical model.

Results Three themes emerged about how the EHR could be used to address challenges in implementation of delirium screening: (1) staff adherence to screening, (2) communication among ED team members about a positive screen, and (3) linking positive screening to delirium management. Participants described several HIT-based strategies including visual nudges, icons, hard stop alerts, order sets, and automated communications that facilitated implementation of delirium screening. An additional theme emerged about challenges related to the availability of HIT resources.

Conclusion Our findings provide practical HIT-based strategies for health care institutions planning to adopt geriatric screenings. Building delirium screening tools and reminders to perform screening into the EHR may prompt adherence to screening. Automating related workflows, team communication, and management of patients who screen positive for delirium may help save staff members' time. Staff education, engagement, and access to HIT resources may support successful screening implementation.
Correction of Mild-to-Moderate Constricted Ear Abnormality Using Mustardé Suture, Cartilage Onlay Graft, and Transposition Flap: A Case Report
Authors: Nam Ha Jong , Wee Syeo Young
Published: April 2023

Constricted ear has a prevalence of 5.2 to 10% among ear abnormalities, and various surgical methods are suggested for treatment. We introduce a case of a constricted ear treated with a simple method using a novel concept cartilage graft and transposition flap, along with the well-known Mustardé suture, which is used for pediatric patients with mild to moderate constricted ears of Tanzer classification type IIA. A 10-year-old female patient visited the hospital complaining of an abnormality in the congenital right ear. Surgical approach was planned under the diagnosis of Tanzer classification type IIA constricted right ear. Posterior helix onlay graft and perichondrocutaneous transposition flap using excessive helical cartilage were performed along with the Mustardé suture. In the immediate postoperative period, ear contour was improved, and it was well-maintained without recurrence until 6 months' follow-up. In conclusion, the combination of Mustardé suture, and cartilage onlay graft and perichondrocutaneous transposition flap in the mild to moderate constricted ear would be a useful surgical option, producing aesthetically good results in a simple and effective method.
Clinical Significance of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Amedick Lucas Bastian , Martin Pascal , Beschle Judith , Strölin Manuel , Wilke Marko , Wolf Nicole , Pouwels Petra , Hagberg Gisela , Klose Uwe , Naegele Thomas , Kraegeloh-Mann Ingeborg , Groeschel Samuel
Published: April 2023

Background Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal enzyme deficiency disorder leading to progressive demyelination and, consecutively, to cognitive and motor decline. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect affected white matter as T2 hyperintense areas but cannot quantify the gradual microstructural process of demyelination more accurately. Our study aimed to investigate the value of routine MR diffusion tensor imaging in assessing disease progression.

Methods MR diffusion parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] and fractional anisotropy [FA]) were in the frontal white matter, central region (CR), and posterior limb of the internal capsule in 111 MR datasets from a natural history study of 83 patients (age: 0.5–39.9 years; 35 late-infantile, 45 juvenile, 3 adult, with clinical diffusion sequences of different scanner manufacturers) as well as 120 controls. Results were correlated with clinical parameters reflecting motor and cognitive function.

Results ADC values increase and FA values decrease depending on disease stage/severity. They show region-specific correlations with clinical parameters of motor and cognitive symptoms, respectively. Higher ADC levels in CR at diagnosis predicted a disease course with more rapid motor deterioration in juvenile MLD patients. In highly organized tissues such as the corticospinal tract, in particular, diffusion MR parameters were highly sensitive to MLD-associated changes and did not correlate with the visual quantification of T2 hyperintensities.

Conclusion Our results show that diffusion MRI can deliver valuable, robust, clinically meaningful, and easily obtainable/accessible/available parameters in the assessment of prognosis and progression of MLD. Therefore, it provides additional quantifiable information to established methods such as T2 hyperintensity.
Small-Area Analysis of Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism in Denmark: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Johnsen Søren P. , Jensen Martin , Münster Anna Marie , Frost Lars , Harboe Louise , Poulsen Peter Bo , Albertsen Ida E. , Vinter Nicklas , Grove Erik L. , Larsen Torben B.
Published: April 2023

Objectives To investigate geographical variation in initiation and extended treatment with anticoagulants and clinical outcomes among patients hospitalized with first-time venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Denmark between 2007 and 2018.

Methods Using nationwide health care registries, we identified all patients with a first-time VTE hospital diagnosis supported by imaging data from 2007 to 2018. Patients were grouped according to residential region (5) and municipality (98) at the time of VTE diagnosis. Cumulative incidence of initiation of and extended (beyond 365 days) anticoagulation treatment as well as clinical outcomes, including recurrent VTE, major bleeding, and all-cause death, were assessed. Sex- and age-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of the outcomes were computed when comparing across individual regions and municipalities. Overall geographic variation was quantified by computing the median RR.

Results We identified 66,840 patients with a first-time VTE hospitalization. A difference in initiation of anticoagulation treatment of more than 20 percentage points between regions was observed (range: 51.9–72.4%, median RR: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.13). Variation was also observed for extended treatment (range: 34.2–46.9%, median RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14). The cumulative incidence of recurrent VTE ranged from 3.6 to 5.3% at 1 year (median RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.15). The difference remained after 5 years, and variation was also observed for major bleeding (median RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03–1.15), whereas it appeared smaller for all-cause mortality (median RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05).

Conclusion Substantial geographical variation in anticoagulation treatment and clinical outcomes occurs in Denmark. These findings indicate a need for initiatives to ensure uniform high-quality care for all VTE patients.
Modelling maximum cyber incident losses of German organisations: an empirical study and modified extreme value distribution approach
Authors: von Skarczinski Bennet , Raschke Mathias , Teuteberg Frank
Published: April 2023

Cyber incidents are among the most critical business risks for organisations and can lead to large financial losses. However, previous research on loss modelling is based on unassured data sources because the representativeness and completeness of op-risk databases cannot be assured. Moreover, there is a lack of modelling approaches that focus on the tail behaviour and adequately account for extreme losses. In this paper, we introduce a novel ‘tempered’ generalised extreme value (GEV) approach. Based on a stratified random sample of 5000 interviewed German organisations, we model different loss distributions and compare them to our empirical data using graphical analysis and goodness-of-fit tests. We differentiate various subsamples (industry, size, attack type, loss type) and find our modified GEV outperforms other distributions, such as the lognormal and Weibull distributions. Finally, we calculate losses for the German economy, present application examples, derive implications as well as discuss the comparison of loss estimates in the literature.
Parsimonious physics-informed random projection neural networks for initial value problems of ODEs and index-1 DAEs
Authors: Fabiani Gianluca , Galaris Evangelos , Russo Lucia , Siettos Constantinos
Published: April 2023

We present a numerical method based on random projections with Gaussian kernels and physics-informed neural networks for the numerical solution of initial value problems (IVPs) of nonlinear stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and index-1 differential algebraic equations (DAEs), which may also arise from spatial discretization of partial differential equations (PDEs). The internal weights are fixed to ones while the unknown weights between the hidden and output layer are computed with Newton’s iterations using the Moore–Penrose pseudo-inverse for low to medium scale and sparse QR decomposition with L 2 regularization for medium- to large-scale systems. Building on previous works on random projections, we also prove its approximation accuracy. To deal with stiffness and sharp gradients, we propose an adaptive step-size scheme and address a continuation method for providing good initial guesses for Newton iterations. The “optimal” bounds of the uniform distribution from which the values of the shape parameters of the Gaussian kernels are sampled and the number of basis functions are “parsimoniously” chosen based on bias-variance trade-off decomposition. To assess the performance of the scheme in terms of both numerical approximation accuracy and computational cost, we used eight benchmark problems (three index-1 DAEs problems, and five stiff ODEs problems including the Hindmarsh–Rose neuronal model of chaotic dynamics and the Allen–Cahn phase-field PDE). The efficiency of the scheme was compared against two stiff ODEs/DAEs solvers, namely, ode15s and ode23t solvers of the MATLAB ODE suite as well as against deep learning as implemented in the DeepXDE library for scientific machine learning and physics-informed learning for the solution of the Lotka–Volterra ODEs included in the demos of the library. A software/toolbox in Matlab (that we call RanDiffNet) with demos is also provided.
Connected (n,m)-point functions of diagonal 2-BKP tau-functions and spin double Hurwitz numbers
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Yang Chenglang
Published: April 2023

We derive an explicit formula for connected (n, m)-point functions associated with an arbitrary diagonal tau-function of the 2-BKP hierarchy using the computation of neutral fermions and boson–fermion correspondence of type B and then apply this formula to the computation of connected spin double Hurwitz numbers. This is the type B analog of Wang and Yang [arXiv:2210.08712 (2022)].
Laboratory study of the failed torus mechanism in arched, line-tied, magnetic flux ropes
Authors: Alt Andrew , Ji Hantao , Yoo Jongsoo , Bose Sayak , Goodman Aaron , Yamada Masaaki
Published: April 2023

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are some of the most energetic and violent events in our solar system. The prediction and understanding of CMEs are of particular importance due to the impact that they can have on Earth-based satellite systems and, in extreme cases, ground-based electronics. CMEs often occur when long-lived magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) anchored to the solar surface destabilize and erupt away from the Sun. One potential cause for these eruptions is an ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability, such as the kink or torus instability. Previous experiments on the magnetic reconnection experiment revealed a class of MFRs that were torus-unstable but kink-stable, which failed to erupt. These “failed-tori” went through a process similar to Taylor relaxation, where the toroidal current was redistributed before the eruption ultimately failed. We have investigated this behavior through additional diagnostics that measure the current distribution at the foot points and the energy distribution before and after an event. These measurements indicate that ideal MHD effects are sufficient to explain the energy distribution changes during failed torus events. This excludes Taylor relaxation as a possible mechanism of current redistribution during an event. A new model that only requires non-ideal effects in a thin layer above the electrodes is presented to explain the observed phenomena. This work broadens our understanding of the stability of MFRs and the mechanism behind the failed torus through the improved prediction of the torus instability and through new diagnostics to measure the energy inventory and current profile at the foot points.
Chemotaxis of two chiral squirmers
Authors: Maity Ruma , Burada P. S.
Published: April 2023

External gradients can strongly influence the collective behavior of microswimmers. In this paper, under an external linear chemical gradient, we study the behavior of two hydrodynamically interacting self-propelled chiral swimmers in the low-Reynolds number regime. We use the generalized squirmer model called the chiral squirmer, a spherically shaped body with an asymmetric surface slip velocity, to represent the swimmer. We find that the external gradient favors the attraction between the swimmers and, in some situations, leads to a bounded state in which the swimmers move in a highly synchronous manner. Furthermore, due to this cooperative motion, these swimmers reach the chemical target faster than individual swimmers. This study may help in understanding the collective behavior of chiral swimmers and in designing synthetic microswimmers for targeted drug delivery.
Electric field tunable multi-state tunnel magnetoresistances in 2D van der Waals magnetic heterojunctions
Authors: Liu B. , Ren X. X. , Zhang Xian , Li Ping , Dong Y. , Guo Zhi-Xin
Published: April 2023

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based on van der Waals (vdW) magnetic layers has been found to present excellent tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) property, which has great potential applications in field sensing, nonvolatile magnetic random access memories, and spin logics. Although MTJs composed of multilayer vdW magnetic homojunction have been extensively investigated, the ones composed of vdW magnetic heterojunction are still to be explored. Here, we use first-principles approaches to reveal that the magnetic heterojunction MTJs have much more distinguishable TMR values than the homojunction ones. In the MTJ composed of bilayer CrI3/bilayer Cr2Ge2Te6 heterojunction, we find there are eight stable magnetic states, leading to six distinguishable electronic resistances. As a result, five sizable TMRs larger than 300% can be obtained (the maximum TMR is up to 620 000%). Six distinguishable memories are obtained, which is two times larger than that of a four-layered homojunction MTJ. The underlying relationships among magnetic state, spin-polarized band structures, and transmission spectra are further revealed to explain the multiple TMR values. We also find that the magnetic states, and thus TMRs, can be efficiently modulated by an external electric field. This study opens an avenue to the design of high-performance MTJ devices based on vdW heterojunctions.
Numerical investigation of characteristics and excitation effects on discharge properties in an inductively coupled plasma torch
Authors: Bouherine Keltoum , Leroy Olivier
Published: April 2023

This paper focuses on an atmospheric-pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch sustained by an argon discharge. A two-dimensional axisymmetric model is developed for the numerical simulation of the device. Maxwell equations and fluid equations were solved as the governing equations using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The result presents the electromagnetic fields generated by the ICP, plasma parameters (electron density and temperature), and gas characteristics (gas flow and gas temperature). The study of the effects of excitation parameters (coil current, coil geometry, and coil turns) on plasma characteristics is analyzed.
Pulse-by-pulse evolution of surface morphology driven by femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Tani Shuntaro , Kobayashi Yohei
Published: April 2023

Surface morphology is a key factor that determines the quality of laser-based micromachining processes. However, the governing laws of surface morphology in the laser processing process are yet to be clarified, and optimization of processing parameters has to rely on trial and error. Specifically, under multiple-pulse irradiation, it has been difficult to quantify the evolution of the surface morphology because the surface morphology changes with each pulse irradiation, and the ablation process changes accordingly. In this study, we investigated the evolution of surface morphology under femtosecond laser irradiation. Copper and silicon were used as targets, whose surface morphology changes exhibited seemingly opposite behaviors with respect to fluence. Using thousands of datasets, we obtained an evolution equation for surface morphology in terms of surface area, which acts as a good probe of the residual surface energy after ablation. Our model successfully quantifies the cumulative effect of multiple-pulse irradiation on surface morphology changes.
MXene-based metal halide perovskite vertical field-effect transistors: Toward high current-density and high photodetection performance
Authors: Xie Haihong , Chen Ping-An , Qiu Xincan , Liu Yu , Xia Jiangnan , Guo Jing , Wei Huan , Gong Zhenqi , Ding Jiaqi , Hu Yuanyuan
Published: April 2023

Metal halide perovskite field-effect transistors (MHP-FETs) are of great interest due to the fascinating photonic and electronic properties of perovskite semiconductors, and their low-temperature solution processability. However, present MHP-FETs suffer from the low current-density problem due to the low device mobility, which is an obstacle to their applications. Herein, we tackle this problem by adopting the vertical field-effect transistor (VFET) structure for the fabrication of MHP-VFETs. We show MHP-VFETs can be achieved by employing the MXene (Ti3C2Tx) film as perforated source electrodes, which are essential elements in VFETs, via a simple solution process. The MHP-VFETs exhibit high on/off ratio of 105 and, moreover, show large current density of over 6 mA cm−2, thanks to the ultrashort channel length of the VFETs. Furthermore, the devices are found to exhibit excellent photodetection performance with photoresponsivity of 2.1 × 103 A W−1 and detectivity of 7.84 × 1015 Jones. This study not only provides a route to achieve high-performance MHP-FETs but also shows the very promising prospects of MHP-VFETs for applications as backplane thin-film transistors and high-performance phototransistors.