bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible Light Induced Three‐Component 1,2‐Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Mohar Mrittika , Ghosh Sumit , Hajra Alakananda
Published: June 2023

Harnessing visible‐light in organic synthesis is one of the most effective methods that aligns with green and sustainable chemistry principles and hence skyrocketed in the last two decades. Similarly, three‐component 1,2‐dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes has recently been a great choice to construct complex molecular systems in an easy and rapid manner. Therefore, light‐induced reactions can be an excellent alternative to carry out 1,2‐dicarbofunctionalization reactions, and very recently, organic chemists across the globe have fascinated us with their interesting articles. In this present review, we have summarized the recent advancements in the area of visible light induced three‐component 1,2‐dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes till March 2023. We have categorized the discussion based on the catalysts used to carry out the transformations for better understanding and different important aspects of these transformations have also been covered.
Tumor‐derived exosome ElNF1‐AS1 affects the progression of gastric cancer by promoting M2 polarization of macrophages
Authors: Ma Bo , Wang Jun , Yusufu Paheredini
Published: June 2023

Background

This study attempted to investigate the role of exosome ELFN1‐AS1 in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

The study used various techniques to determine the level of exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 in GC tissue and cells, including quantitative real‐time PCR. Pull‐down assay and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were employed to identify interactions between ELFN1‐AS1 and miR‐4644, as well as miR‐4644 and PKM. Western blot was employed to explore the potential regulatory mechanism. Several in vitro assays were conducted in xenograft models to investigate the impacts of exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 on GC development, metastasis and macrophage polarization.

Results

ELFN1‐AS1 was upregulated in GC tissue and cells, with high enrichment in GC‐derived exosomes. Exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 enhances the cell abilities and stemness of GC. ELFN1‐AS1 targeted and regulated miR‐4644, which triggered PKM expression. Exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 modulated glycolysis via PKM in an HIF‐1α dependent manner in GC, promoting M2 polarization and macrophage recruitment. Furthermore, exosomal ELFN1‐AS1 enhanced GC cell growth, metastasis and M2 polarization in vivo.

Conclusions

The study suggests that ELFN1‐AS1 could be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Indexing body condition of bighorn sheep: potential for concordance among independent investigators?
Authors: Bleich Vernon C. , Wiedmann Brett P.
Published: June 2023

Estimates of body condition or body composition are useful metrics, and consistency among results determined by independent investigators enhances their utility. If concordant, albeit subjective, assessments of body condition can be achieved by personnel possessing differing levels of expertise, there are important implications for generating useful information that otherwise may not be obtained by investigators facing logistic or economic constraints, or difficult field conditions. We used a serendipitous opportunity to explore level of agreement among personnel with disparate levels of anatomical knowledge and familiarity with palpation to index body condition of 55 bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Our preliminary results—albeit affected by sample size—suggested the investigators interpreted and applied scoring criteria similarly, despite their differing backgrounds. Given the potential to gain meaningful information on body condition that otherwise may not be attainable, we encourage further evaluation of concordance among independent investigators whenever body condition of bighorn sheep can be rated independently by >1 individual and, further, that the information be shared widely.
Actualizing Indigenous Knowledge in tribal wildlife management: basic preconditions
Authors: Ciocco Tony , Tangen Stefan , Smith Chad
Published: June 2023

Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is increasingly involved in the contemporary management of natural resources. Tribal wildlife management programs in the United States may be uniquely positioned to effectively and ethically integrate their IK. While a narrow focus on the body of IK and a particular management activity may suffice for project‐level integration efforts, herein we consider how IK integration at the programmatic level may be best supported. We propose a holistic conceptual framework of preconditions including sovereignty, the North American Model management, funding, cultural resources, stakeholder support, and programmatic leadership. We assess the current status and common challenges with each precondition and illustrate their potential roles for a more lasting and pervasive integration of IK into tribal wildlife management programs.
Leadership identity development
Authors: McCarron Graziella Pagliarulo , McKenzie Brenda L. , Yamanaka Aoi
Published: June 2023

This article reviews foundational scholarship related to leadership identity development (LID). The LID grounded theory and resultant model are explained, and subsequent replication and translation studies are overviewed and thematized. The authors also interrogate how issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion shape the development and enactment of leadership identity development, including structured inequalities and barriers to opportunity. We conclude with examples of how institutions of higher education have utilized the LID framework for programs, policies, and institutional transformation.
Social identities and leadership identity development
Authors: Fuselier Nicholas , Beatty Cameron C.
Published: June 2023

This article explores how leadership functions as a form of identity among other multiple and often intersecting social identities. This article reviews emerging scholarship addressing racial identity, gender identity, and LGBTQ+ identities in diverse postsecondary institutional contexts. Finally, the article concludes with examples and implications for centering social identities for leadership educators who study, practice, teach, and develop leadership in higher education.
Student involvement as a catalyst for leadership identity development
Authors: Haber‐Curran Paige , Pierre Darren E.
Published: June 2023

This article explores the connection between college student involvement and leadership identity development (LID), focusing specifically on the cocurricular experiences of student clubs and organizations, student government, sororities and fraternities, and student recreation/athletics. Key considerations for focusing on students’ LID through student involvement opportunities are included.
A Highly Active Nickel Catalyst for the Selective Hydrogenation of Functionalized Nitroarenes
Authors: Klausfelder Barbara , Kempe Rhett
Published: June 2023

The catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes using hydrogen gas as reducing agent to form substituted aniline derivates is an important reaction in industry and academic research. Here, we report on the nitroarene hydrogenation capability of a nanostructured nickel catalyst synthesized from a nickel salen complex and a commercially available porous silica support. Our catalyst allows the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes under mild conditions while tolerating various functional groups and hydrogenation‐sensitive examples such as iodine, nitrile or olefinic groups. The use of the nickel salen complex as metal precursor is crucial for the high activity and selectivity observed.
Introduction: Rethinking Graduate Employability in Context
Authors: Siivonen Päivi , Isopahkala-Bouret Ulpukka , Tomlinson Michael , Korhonen Maija , Haltia Nina
Published: June 2023

This book offers critical multidisciplinary analyses of graduate employability, which have thus far been scarce and often scattered. The book examines employability from macro, meso and micro perspectives: higher education policy, the labour market, higher education institutions, organisations, individuals and social groups. The multinational analyses include chapters that examine employability in European, North American and Australian contexts. Thus, the book aims to provide a multifaceted social and contextual analysis of graduate employability as a theoretical concept, as a discourse and policy imperative, and as a social and discursive practice. The book is divided into three different parts that examine employability from the perspective of theory and discourse, policy and the graduate labour market, and as a career and identity process. Moreover, it introduces novel methodological perspectives to study graduate employability as a process.
Re-Framing Employability as a Problem of Perceived Opportunities: The Case of Internships in a U.S. College Using the Student Perceptions of Employment Opportunities (SPEO) Framework
Authors: Hora Matthew T.
Published: June 2023

The dominant framework of employability focuses on individuals’ acquisition of skills and experiences such as internships as primary drivers of job acquisition. Yet evidence shows that access to internships is not universal, and that employment is shaped by the interaction among individual attributes, structural forces, and the sociocultural milieu in which students perceive opportunities. What is needed is an account of employability where the perspectives of real students and the multidimensional nature of employability are highlighted as actionable knowledge for practitioners. In this chapter I introduce the Student Perceptions of Employment Opportunities (SPEO) framework, which focuses on individual perceptions of constraints within their environments regarding their job prospects. To illustrate the SPEO framework in action, I also report findings from a mixed-methods study of internships in the U.S.
Strategies Undertaken by International Graduates to Negotiate Employability
Authors: Pham Thanh
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to explore how international graduates engaged with different employability approaches. Eighteen international students at several universities in Australia participated in this study. The findings revealed that the graduates engaged with different employability approaches and prioritised the development of different capitals at various stages of their career. They mainly engaged with the possessional approach to build human capital at university. However, after graduation, they were more engaged with the positional and processual approaches through which they had to interact with the labour market contexts and find ways to further enrich and mobilise their employability capitals. This study implies that there is a gap between the intentions and purposes of higher education and expectations in the labour market.
Employability as Self-branding in Job Search Games: A Case of Finnish Business Graduates
Authors: Mutanen Heli , Korhonen Maija , Siivonen Päivi
Published: June 2023

The chapter focuses on self-branding as situated employable identity performance in terms of difference and sameness at the time of labour market entry. The chapter provides rarely adopted critical approach to self-branding and contributes to new theoretical-methodological understandings of current manifestations of employability by introducing an interaction-oriented narrative approach to identities. Drawing from detailed analysis of 27 interviews with Finnish business degree graduates, the study shows the various ways graduates strive to accomplish, reaffirm or contest specific versions of themselves in relation to the ideals around employability and the discourse of self-branding. As the graduates present themselves as credible labour market actors, they also strive to solve the moral dilemmas associated with self-branding, that is, authenticity versus fabrication, in the context of Finnish working life.
Epilogue
Authors: Tomlinson Michael
Published: June 2023

This edited collection has offered conceptually informed and innovative scholarship on graduate employability. The approach developed in these chapters has been informed by sociological, social-psychological and philosophical approaches which recognise the relational dimension of employability across different institutional levels. In shifting analysis away from normative and performative framings of ‘what works’ and ‘how can it be best measured’, the chapters presented here capture the socially constructed nature of employability. In different ways, the authors have applied a range of socio-cultural, social-psychological and philosophical lenses in understanding how employability is enacted and negotiated by different stakeholders. Such approaches offer an advanced and nuanced framing of this problem through the application of diverse conceptual frameworks and methodological approaches.
Graduate Employability and Its Basis in Possessive Individualism
Authors: Holmes Leonard
Published: June 2023

This chapter examines the basis of the pervasiveness and persistence of the possessive, skills and attributes perspective on graduate employability, despite the well-attested problems with that perspective and the existence of published alternative approaches. It identifies the origins of the perspective in the possessive individualist assumptions about the nature of human persons and society, as explored by the political philosopher C. B. Macpherson. The chapter argues that these assumptions, central to the development of capitalist society and to its current neoliberal form, coupled with conceptual confusion about the key terms (skills, attributes, etc.), sustain flawed and unsustainable approaches to graduate employability.
Relative Employability: Applying the Insights of Positional Competition and Conflict Theories Within the Current Higher Education Landscape
Authors: Isopahkala-Bouret Ulpukka , Tholen Gerbrand
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to expand the understanding of the relativity of graduate employability, applying the insights of a critical sociological tradition. Although various studies have outlined how social and educational backgrounds shape the employability of graduates, very few have systematically outlined the interplay of labour market positioning, educational positioning, and graduates’ social positioning, as this chapter does. Furthermore, the chapter assesses the emerging trends and importance of relative employability within the current higher education landscape. The main argument it puts forward is that employability cannot be understood without considering the actions of others and the social and cultural contexts, which structure the relative chances of graduates in the labour market. Finally, the chapter discusses a new agenda for policy and research on graduate employability.
Grounding Employability in Both Agency and Collective Identity: An Emancipatory Agenda for Higher Education
Authors: Kahn Peter , Lundgren-Resenterra Mariangela
Published: June 2023

Debates on graduate employability are presently dominated by a focus on labour market outcomes that are framed on an individualistic basis. Such a focus is evident not only when attention falls on the skills and experience of individual graduates, but also when analysis highlights the impact of social differences on individual positioning in the labour market. This chapter presents the argument that work itself is determined in fundamental ways on collective considerations. It argues, furthermore, that if graduate employability were to be understood as the capacity of a graduate to exercise agency in ways that contribute to collective agendas within workplaces, then there would be enhanced potential for universities and workplaces to address challenges that matter to society, including those that relate to such concerns as decent work, sustainability and equity. In considering the nature of contributions to collective agendas, the account explores how collective identity underpins both primary and corporate agency within workplaces, drawing on the realist social theory of Margaret Archer.
Are Graduates Working in Graduate Occupations? Insights from the Portuguese Labour Market
Authors: Suleman Fátima , da Conceição Torres Figueiredo Maria , Guimarães Rita Henriques
Published: June 2023

Our study draws on the Portuguese linked employer-employee data (2007–2019) to examine the type of occupations assigned to young bachelor and master graduates. Empirical findings show positive signs but sound some alarms. Postgraduates are assigned to high-skilled jobs that could be done by bachelors, who are more likely to work in skilled non-manual or even elementary occupations. The wage gap across levels of education is increasing, thus devaluing the bachelor’s degree. We found that the wages of all young people declined due to the economic recession. The data show a gap between bachelor’s and master’s after the consolidation of the higher education reform. The expansion of higher education increased the supply of graduates, with the most marked consequences seen at the bachelor level.
The Vocational Drift of French Higher Education and the Employability of Graduates
Authors: Bonnard Claire
Published: June 2023

As in other European countries, the employability of graduates is at the heart of higher education policies in France. The question of the vocational drift of higher education has become an important issue through the creation of new degrees and the implementation of various measures (apprenticeships, etc.) aimed at developing the employability of graduates. The concept of employability promoted by current policies is part of the human capital theory where the aim is to equip students with a set of skills to facilitate their entry into the labour market. Based on a review of French empirical research studies, this chapter presents the effect of the vocational drift of higher education on the employability of graduates and the importance of considering graduates’ perspectives on employability.
Die Χώρα (Leiblichkeit) als die Grundlage der Phänomenologie
Authors: Ekweariri Dominic Nnaemeka
Published: June 2023

In diesem Kapitel wird erstens gezeigt, wie Richir der platonischen χώρα eine phänomenologische Bedeutung verleiht. Die These, der wir also hier nachgehen wollen, ist nämlich, dass die Leiblichkeit als Grundlage der Phänomenologie auf der einen Seite der theoretischen Intuition zur Welterschließung dient, und dass sie auf der anderen Seite im Dienst von Richirs Projekt einer transzendentalen Phänomenologie steht, wo jegliche bestimmenden Objektivierungen des Subjekts und des Objekts ausgeschaltet werden sollen, die das Phänomen als Positionell halten. Ist die Phänomenalisierung – das, was das Phänomen geschehen lässt – das, was Richirs transzendentale Phänomenologie ausmacht, dann soll die Leiblichkeit die Phänomenalisierung artikulieren. Sie soll der Reflexivität des Denkens – dem Bezug zu außen und innen – Rechnung tragen, ohne dabei in eine Objektivierung zu verfallen. Dazu soll erklärt werden, wie die Leiblichkeit im Hinblick auf die aristotelische Toposlehre den unvermeidlichen und spannungsvollen Abstand zwischen Leib und Leibkörper, Nichtdarstellbarkeit und Darstellbarkeit, der Innerlichkeit und der Äußerlichkeit verständlich macht und somit als Übergangsbereich (Winnicott) der transzendentalen Begegnung gilt. Erst dann kann die Leiblichkeit im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes als die Grundlage von Richirs transzendentaler Phänomenologie gelten. Es ist unsere Aufgabe in diesem Kapitel, zu zeigen, wie dies in Richirs Phänomenologie geschieht.
Die Unbestimmtheit Der Wahrnehmungsobjekte Und Der Symbolischen Institution
Authors: Ekweariri Dominic Nnaemeka
Published: June 2023

Die Analyse von Heideggers Konzepten des Zuhandensein und Vorhandensein vermittelt den Eindruck, dass Objekte – selbst innerhalb der Wechselhaftigkeit und Schwankung der Zeit – stabil sind. Dies würde implizieren, dass Dinge, mit denen man in der Welt wahrnehmend zu tun hat, absolut festgelegt sind und somit eine feststehende Sinnhaftigkeit haben. Wenn diese Art, mit Dingen in der Welt in Beziehung zu stehen wahr wäre – dass die Dinge also einen festgelegten Sinn haben – würde das dann nicht heißen, dass diese Beziehung gewohnheitsmäßig durch eine Art von kodierter Institutionalisierung vollzogen wird, die dem Sinn zu einer Art Sättigung verhelfen könnte? Husserls Begriff der äußerlichen Wahrnehmung besagt jedoch etwas Gegenteiliges – nämlich die Unbestimmbarkeit von Wahrnehmungsobjekten, die auf der Vorstellung von Abschattungen beruht. Richir wiederum scheint das Thema sogar noch zu vertiefen, indem er diese Unbestimmbarkeit von Wahrnehmungsobjekten durch die Vorstellung von anderweitiger Abschattung begründet: Die Möglichkeit von Wahrnehmung durch Abschattung selbst liegt in der unendlich potentiellen Pluralität anderer Blicke (Phantasia, Leiblichkeit) in einem sehenden Blick. Diesen Gedanken ergänze ich durch die Vorstellung, dass die Lebendigkeit der symbolischen Institution selbst durch die leibliche und phantastiemäßige Zirkulation aufrechterhalten wird. Die symbolische Institution bleibt also unbestimmt, insofern sie offen für die Phantasia und die Leiblichkeit bleibt. Am Ende dieses Kapitels werde ich darlegen, dass die obige Vorstellung Richirs mit der Transpassibilität von Leiblichkeit zusammenhängt, ohne welche es niemals irgendeine sinnvolle Kommunikation mit der Welt geben würde, und die die Unbestimmtheit von Wahrnehmungsobjekten noch radikaler begründet.
Die Betrachtung von Kunstwerken: die Leiblichkeit und die „perzeptive“ Phantasia
Authors: Ekweariri Dominic Nnaemeka
Published: June 2023

In Ursprung des Kunstwerks erläutert Heidegger, dass das Kunstwerk uns das Ereignis der Wahrheit, die Wahrheit des Seienden, also eine Öffnung der Welt, und das Sein des Seienden eröffnet. Offensichtlich haben wir es hier mit einer Metaphysik der Kunst zu tun. Die Fragen, mit denen wir in dieser Arbeit konfrontiert werden, lauten daher: Kann die Wahrheit des Seins uns in der Erfahrung gegeben sein? Und wenn ja – auf welche Weise ist diese Erfahrung möglich? Hierzu werden wir mindestens drei Arten erörtern, wie Kunstwerken in der Geschichte der Kunstphilosophie betrachtet wurden. Die drei Arten entsprechen für uns den drei Leibbegriffen: Körperlichkeit, Phantomleiblichkeit und Phantasieleiblichkeit. Innerhalb eines polemischen Kontextes, der die ersten zwei Arten anzweifelt und durch die revolutionäre Entdeckung der perzeptiven Phantasia, profiliert Richir seine eigene Position, indem er phänomenologisch demonstriert, wie einer metaphysisch verstandene Wahrheit des Seins in Kunstwerken als „Sache“, als „Phänomen“ erfahren werden kann. Somit erweckt er Heideggers phänomenologische Intuitionen zum Leben, die wir zitieren werden und die unsere Überlegung begleiten sollten. Daneben zeigt Richir auf, wie die uns durch Kunstwerke offenbarte Weltnie gewesen ist und nie sein wird (es sei denn durch eine Transposition, die die Erstere verzerrt). Kunstwerke erschließen eine virtuelle Welt, die sehr weit von unserer natürlichen Seinsweise entfernt ist: Ontologie. Somit hätten wir eine Antwort auf eine frühere Frage des vorausgehenden Kapitels geliefert: ob die Virtualität der absoluten Transzendenz bei Richir eine universelle Struktur für die Erfahrung ist. Während wir erkunden, wie Richir dies in Bezug auf Theater, Literatur, darstellende Kunst und Musik vollzieht, schlagen wir das Konzept der Partizipation als eine phänomenologische Herangehensweise vor, die sowohl Heideggers, als auch Richirs Intuition verständlich macht.
Affektivität Und Weltbezüglickeit (Heidegger Und Richir)
Authors: Ekweariri Dominic Nnaemeka
Published: June 2023

Unsere Untersuchung hat gezeigt, dass Heideggers Darstellung von Affektivität – obgleich seine programmatische Behandlung dieser Thematik eine ontische Dimension oder gelebte, persönliche Erfahrung begrifflich enthält – von einer dichten Ontologie überschattet ist. So haben wir bei Heidegger ein klassisches Beispiel, wie die Stimmung (Affektivität), nichts anderes als eine Art und Weise zeigt, in der das Dasein direkt, unmittelbar in seine Welt involviert ist. Wir stellten fest, dass dieser ontologische Aspekt für Richir phänomenale Erfahrungen verdeckt und unmöglich macht. Deshalb hat Heidegger keine Erklärung für andere mentale, affektive Dispositionen, Emotionen, Gefühle und die Rolle des Leibes in der Affektivität. Zusätzlich macht diese Darstellung es uns unmöglich, die Frage zu beantworten, ob es sich bei der Stimmung um „eine“ oder „viele“ („mehrere“) handelt. Unser Ziel ist es daher herauszustellen, wie diese Defizite bezüglich Heideggers Stimmungslehre durch Richirs Beschreibung der Affektivität überwunden werden können, in der aus unbestimmten Hintergrundgefühlen (Affektionen) durch eine architektonische Umsetzung bestimmte Emotionen (Affekte) entstehen könnten. Der Vorteil dieses Vorgehens ist eine reichhaltige ontische Darstellung der Affektivität, bei der der Leib im Kontext der Weltbezüglichkeit eine fundamentale Rolle spielt. Wenn Richir Heidegger also einen existenzialen Solipsismus vorwirft – und wir werden uns von diesem Vorwurf kritisch distanzieren – so lässt sich die Frage stellen, ob man umgekehrt Richir nun einen existenziellen Solipsismus vorwerfen kann. Am Ende lege ich nahe, dass diese beiden entgegengesetzten Kernaspekte der Affektivität (das Ontologische und das Ontische) der gleichen Realität zugehörig sind. Dieser Vorschlag versucht darzulegen, wie Gegensätze miteinander kompatibel sein könnten: Dasein ist nicht nur in der Welt, sondern die Welt ist auch im Dasein, da letzteres von innen bewegt werden und an der Welt teilhaben kann.
Massive vector particle tunneling from Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole under generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Singh Yenshembam Priyobarta , Singh Telem Ibungochouba
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The quantum tunneling of charged massive vector boson particles across the event horizon of Kerr-Newman-de Sitter black hole is investigated under the influence of quantum gravity effects. The modified Hawking temperatures and heat capacities across the event horizon of KNdS black hole are derived in 3-dimensional and 4-dimensional frame dragging coordinates. It is found that due to quantum gravity effects the modified Hawking temperatures and heat capacities depend on the mass and angular momentum of the emitted vector boson particles. For 3-dimensional KNdS black hole, the modified Hawking temperature is lower than the original Hawking temperature but the modified heat capacity is higher than the original heat capacity due to quantum gravity effects. In the case of 4-dimensional KNdS black hole, the modified Hawking temperature and heat capacity are lower or greater than the original Hawking temperature and heat capacity depending upon the choices of black hole parameters due to quantum gravity effects. We also discuss the remnant and graphical analysis of the modified Hawking temperatures and heat capacities.
N-particle irreducible actions for stochastic fluids
Authors: Chao Jingyi , Schäfer Thomas
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We construct one- and two-particle irreducible (1PI and 2PI) effective actions for the stochastic fluid dynamics of a conserved density undergoing diffusive motion. We compute the 1PI action in one-loop order and the 2PI action in two-loop approximation. We derive a set of Schwinger-Dyson equations and regularize the resulting equations using Pauli-Villars fields. We numerically solve the Schwinger-Dyson equations for a non-critical fluid. We find that higher-loop effects summed by the Schwinger-Dyson renormalize the non-linear coupling. We also find indications of a diffuson-cascade, the appearance of n-loop correction with smaller and smaller exponential suppression.
Die Versorgungslandschaft der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie in Deutschland: Strukturen, Herausforderungen und Entwicklungen
Authors: Schepker Renate , Kölch Michael
Published: June 2023

Für die psychiatrische und psychotherapeutische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen gibt es in Deutschland ambulante, teilstationäre und stationäre Einrichtungen. Eine neue Entwicklung ist die stationsäquivalente Behandlung (StäB), bei der die Patientinnen und Patienten durch ein multiprofessionelles Team in ihrem sozialen Umfeld versorgt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Überblick über die Versorgungslandschaft für psychisch erkrankte Kinder und Jugendliche gegeben. Dabei wird auf geschichtliche Hintergründe sowie auf strukturelle, versorgungspolitische und ökonomische Zusammenhänge eingegangen.

Bis zum Jahr 2014 herrschte im ambulanten Sektor Niederlassungsfreiheit, was dazu führte, dass ländliche Gegenden und sozioökonomisch benachteiligte Stadtteile bis heute teilweise unterversorgt sind. Im Krankenhaussektor nahm zwischen 1991 und 2004 die Bettenzahl stark ab und danach zugunsten besserer Regionalisierung mit kleinen Einheiten und kleinen Stationen wieder deutlich zu, ergänzt durch überproportional gewachsene Tagesklinikplätze. Stationsäquivalente Behandlungen sind ebenso effektiv, aber noch nicht flächendeckend etabliert, Modellvorhaben nur wenige verhandelt. Regionale Vernetzungen aller Hilfesysteme bis hin zu anzustrebenden jugendpsychiatrischen Verbünden erfahren in der Versäulung des Sozialsystems liegende Begrenzungen. Als Fazit wären ein Kooperationsgebot über die Sozialgesetzbücher hinweg und die Ermöglichung wahrer sektorenübergreifender Versorgung wünschenswert.
Friendly AI will still be our master. Or, why we should not want to be the pets of super-intelligent computers
Authors: Sparrow Robert
Published: June 2023

When asked about humanity’s future relationship with computers, Marvin Minsky famously replied “If we’re lucky, they might decide to keep us as pets”. A number of eminent authorities continue to argue that there is a real danger that “super-intelligent” machines will enslave—perhaps even destroy—humanity. One might think that it would swiftly follow that we should abandon the pursuit of AI. Instead, most of those who purport to be concerned about the existential threat posed by AI default to worrying about what they call the “Friendly AI problem”. Roughly speaking this is the question of how we might ensure that the AI that will develop from the first AI that we create will remain sympathetic to humanity and continue to serve, or at least take account of, our interests. In this paper I draw on the “neo-republican” philosophy of Philip Pettit to argue that solving the Friendly AI problem would not change the fact that the advent of super-intelligent AI would be disastrous for humanity by virtue of rendering us the slaves of machines. A key insight of the republican tradition is that freedom requires equality of a certain sort, which is clearly lacking between pets and their owners. Benevolence is not enough. As long as AI has the power to interfere in humanity’s choices, and the capacity to do so without reference to our interests, then it will dominate us and thereby render us unfree. The pets of kind owners are still pets, which is not a status which humanity should embrace. If we really think that there is a risk that research on AI will lead to the emergence of a superintelligence, then we need to think again about the wisdom of researching AI at all.
Exploring the mechanics of adhesion in metal cutting
Authors: Svenningsson Inge , Tatar Kourosh
Published: June 2023

The deterioration of the cutting edge during machining influences production cost and productivity. The adhesion is one of the main wear mechanisms. This study delves into the adhesive mechanism in the context of turning, milling, and drilling, focusing on three different cutting materials: 34CrNiMo6, 1.437 stainless steel, and ductile iron. Building upon previous research on the adhesive process in turning, a dynamic model was developed to understand the mechanism further. The results showed that adhesion is a general phenomenon occurring in all tested work materials, but with varying intensity levels. Intermittent cuts did not greatly impact the adhesive mechanism, and cutting data, coolant, and chip breaking also showed little effect. However, the presence of graphite in ductile iron temporarily inhibited adhesion. The source of the adhesive sound was found to be the pivoting movement of the chip as it binds and rips off the cutting tool, leading to a frequency shift upon detachment. The adhesive wear was found to be a thermal mechanism, where chemical reactions between the SiO2 in the work material with the cutting tool caused thermal cracks and low-frequency fatigue.
Model structures on finite total orders
Authors: Balchin Scott , Ormsby Kyle , Osorno Angélica M. , Roitzheim Constanze
Published: June 2023

We initiate the study of model structures on (categories induced by) lattice posets, a subject we dub homotopical combinatorics. In the case of a finite total order [n], we enumerate all model structures, exhibiting a rich combinatorial structure encoded by Shapiro’s Catalan triangle. This is an application of previous work of the authors on the theory of $$N_\infty $$

N
∞

-operads for cyclic groups of prime power order, along with new structural insights concerning extending choices of certain model structures on subcategories of [n].
Revisiting the Anatomical Landmark‐Guided Central Venous Access Device Insertion: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kaul Pallvi , Tiwari Ajeet Ramamani , Kaul Priyanka , Kumar Rahul , Garg Pankaj Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background

Ultrasound (USG) guidance is superior to blind and open cut‐down techniques for accurate puncture of the internal jugular vein (IJV) or subclavian vein, but it increases the cost and duration of the procedure. Here, we report our experience with the reliability and consistency of anatomic landmark‐guided technique for Central Venous Access Device (CVAD) insertion in a low‐resource setting.

Material and methods

A retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing CVAD insertion through one of the jugular veins was performed. Central venous access was achieved using a standardized anatomic insertion landmark (apex of Sedillot’s triangle). Ultrasonography (USG) and/or fluoroscopy assistance was taken as and when required.

Results

Over 12 months (October 2021 to September 2022), a total of 208 patients underwent CVAD insertion. Central venous access was successfully achieved using anatomic landmark‐guided technique in all but 14 patients (6.7%), in whom USG guidance or C‐arm was used. Eleven out of 14 patients who needed guidance for CVAD insertion had body mass index (BMI) of more than 25, one had thyromegaly while the remaining two had an arterial puncture during cannulation. CVAD insertion‐related complications included deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in five, extravasation of chemotherapeutic agent in one, spontaneous extrusion related to a fall in one, and persistent withdrawal‐related occlusion in seven patients.

Conclusion

Anatomical landmark‐guided technique of CVAD insertion is safe and reliable, and can reduce the need for USG/C‐arm in 93% of the patients.
Projected ocean acidification and seasonal temperature alter the behaviour and growth of a range extending tropical fish
Authors: Mitchell Angus , Hayes Chloe , Booth David J. , Nagelkerken Ivan
Published: June 2023

Climate-driven invasions of ecosystems by range-extending animals are often mediated by behavioural modifications that increase their chances of establishment in foreign biological communities. This creates novel ecological interactions that can affect the behaviour of native species in recipient ecosystems. However, this question has seldom been addressed in marine systems, in particular with the additive effect of ocean acidification and the mediating effects of seasonal climate variability. Here, we performed a laboratory experiment to evaluate how novel species interactions, ocean acidification, and projected future summer versus winter temperatures could affect the behaviour and growth of a range-extending tropical and co-shoaling temperate fish. Compared to current-day summer temperatures, tropical fish became 4% more active, 90% more aggressive, and increased their growth rates (standard length: +42%) during future summers in their novel poleward ranges, but reduced their aggression by 64%, boldness by 52%, feeding by 45% and growth rates (wet weight: −70%, standard length: −26%) during future winters compared to current-day summer temperatures. Additionally, tropical fish became 3% more active under ocean acidification compared to no ocean acidification. Conversely, temperate fish behaviour was unaffected by climate treatments but their growth rates were > 200% faster under future winter versus current and future summer temperatures. We conclude that projected future winter conditions in temperate ecosystems may reduce the performance of range-extending fishes in temperate fish communities and slow down tropicalisation of higher latitudes.
Incidence of fracture hospitalization and surgery during pregnancy in Finland—1998–2017: a retrospective register-based cohort study
Authors: Nyrhi Lauri , Kuitunen Ilari , Ponkilainen Ville , Huttunen Tuomas T. , Mattila Ville M.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of all major fractures and surgery during pregnancy and the outcomes of pregnancy in Finland between 1998 and 2017.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cohort study using nationwide data from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care and the Finnish Medical Birth Register. As participants we included all women aged between 15 and 49 years from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2017 and their ≥ 22-week pregnancies.

Results

Of a total 629,911 pregnancies, 1813 pregnant women were hospitalized with a fracture diagnosis, yielding an incidence of 247 fractures/100,000 pregnancy-years. Of these, 24% (n = 513/2098) were treated operatively. The most common fractures were fractures of the tibia, ankle, and the forearm, which made up half of all fractures. The incidence of pelvic fractures was 6.8/100,000 pregnancy-years, with an operation rate of 14%. The stillbirth rate of all fracture patients was low at 0.6% (n = 10/1813), although this was 1.5-fold the overall stillbirth rate in Finland. Lumbosacral and comminuted spinopelvic fractures resulted in preterm delivery in 25% (n = 5/20) of parturients, with a stillbirth rate of 10% (n = 2/20).

Conclusion

The incidence of fracture hospitalization during pregnancy is lower than in the general population, and fractures in this population are more often treated conservatively. A higher proportion of preterm deliveries and stillbirths occurred in women with lumbosacral and comminuted spinopelvic fractures. Maternal mortality and stillbirth rates remain low among women with fractures leading to hospitalization or surgery during pregnancy.
Prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia after complete remission with fertility-sparing therapy
Authors: Ga Hiromi , Taguchi Ayumi , Honjoh Harunori , Nishijima Akira , Eguchi Satoko , Miyamoto Yuichiro , Sone Kenbun , Mori Mayuyo , Osuga Yutaka
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Although many patients with endometrial cancer (EC) or atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) achieve complete remission (CR) after high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment, no consensus has been reached on management after CR. Currently, patients receive estrogen-progestin maintenance therapy, but no recommendations exist regarding the duration of maintenance therapy or whether hysterectomy should be considered. This study aimed to provide insights into the management of EC/AEH after achieving CR.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated the prognosis of 50 patients with EC or AEH who achieved CR after MPA therapy. We assessed the association between disease recurrence and clinicopathological features and the pre- and post-operative histological diagnoses of patients who underwent hysterectomy.

Results

The median follow-up duration was 34 months (range: 1–179 months). Recurrence was observed in 17 patients. Among the clinical characteristics investigated, only the primary disease was significantly associated with disease recurrence; patients with EC had a higher risk of recurrence than those with AEH (p = 0.037). During the observation period, 27 patients attempted pregnancy, and 14 pregnancies resulted in delivery. Patients who gave birth had significantly longer relapse-free survivals than those who did not (p = 0.031). Further, 16 patients underwent hysterectomies, and AEH was detected postoperatively in 4 of 11 patients (36.4%) with no preoperative abnormalities.

Conclusions

We identified several clinical features of patients with EC and AEH after CR. Given the high probability of endometrial abnormalities detected postoperatively, hysterectomy may be considered for patients who no longer want children.
Extreme image transformations affect humans and machines differently
Authors: Malik Girik , Crowder Dakarai , Mingolla Ennio
Published: June 2023

Some recent artificial neural networks (ANNs) claim to model aspects of primate neural and human performance data. Their success in object recognition is, however, dependent on exploiting low-level features for solving visual tasks in a way that humans do not. As a result, out-of-distribution or adversarial input is often challenging for ANNs. Humans instead learn abstract patterns and are mostly unaffected by many extreme image distortions. We introduce a set of novel image transforms inspired by neurophysiological findings and evaluate humans and ANNs on an object recognition task. We show that machines perform better than humans for certain transforms and struggle to perform at par with humans on others that are easy for humans. We quantify the differences in accuracy for humans and machines and find a ranking of difficulty for our transforms for human data. We also suggest how certain characteristics of human visual processing can be adapted to improve the performance of ANNs for our difficult-for-machines transforms.
The Asymptotic Number of Score Sequences
Authors: Kolesnik Brett
Published: June 2023

A tournament on a graph is an orientation of its edges. The score sequence lists the in-degrees in non-decreasing order. Works by Winston and Kleitman (J Comb Theory Ser A 35(2):208–230, 1983) and Kim and Pittel (J Comb Theory Ser A 92(2):197–206, 2000) showed that the number $$S_n$$

S
n

of score sequences on the complete graph $$K_n$$

K
n

satisfies $$S_n=\Theta (4^n/n^{5/2})$$

S
n

=
Θ

(

4
n

/

n

5
/
2

)

. By combining a recent recurrence relation for $$S_n$$

S
n

in terms of the Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv numbers $$N_n$$

N
n

with the limit theory for discrete infinitely divisible distributions, we observe that $$n^{5/2}S_n/4^n\rightarrow e^\lambda /2\sqrt{\pi }$$

n

5
/
2

S
n

/

4
n

→

e
λ

/
2

π

, where $$\lambda =\sum _{k=1}^\infty N_k/k4^k$$

λ
=

∑

k
=
1

∞

N
k

/
k

4
k

. This limit agrees numerically with the asymptotics of $$S_n$$

S
n

conjectured by Takács (J Stat Plan Inference 14(1):123–142, 1986). We also identify the asymptotic number of strong score sequences, and show that the number of irreducible subscores in a random score sequence converges in distribution to a shifted negative binomial with parameters $$r=2$$

r
=
2

and $$p=e^{-\lambda }$$

p
=

e

-
λ

.
An ultrasound-based radiomics model for survival prediction in patients with endometrial cancer
Authors: Huang Xiao-wan , Ding Jie , Zheng Ru-ru , Ma Jia-yao , Cai Meng-ting , Powell Martin , Lin Feng , Yang Yun-jun , Jin Chu
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To establish a nomogram integrating radiomics features based on ultrasound images and clinical parameters for predicting the prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer (EC).

Materials and methods

A total of 175 eligible patients with ECs were enrolled in our study between January 2011 and April 2018. They were divided into a training cohort (n = 122) and a validation cohort (n = 53). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were applied for selection of key features, and a radiomics score (rad-score) was calculated. Patients were stratified into high risk and low-risk groups according to the rad-score. Univariate and multivariable COX regression analysis was used to select independent clinical parameters for disease-free survival (DFS). A combined model based on radiomics features and clinical parameters was ultimately established, and the performance was quantified with respect to discrimination and calibration.

Results

Nine features were selected from 1130 features using LASSO regression in the training cohort, which yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.823 and 0.792 to predict DFS in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Patients with a higher rad-score were significantly associated with worse DFS. The combined nomogram, which was composed of clinically significant variables and radiomics features, showed a calibration and favorable performance for DFS prediction (AUC 0.893 and 0.885 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively).

Conclusion

The combined nomogram could be used as a tool in predicting DFS and may assist individualized decision making and clinical treatment.
Beyond the Inclusion–Exclusion Binary: Right Mindfulness and Its Implications for Perceived Inclusion and Exclusion in the Workplace
Authors: Vu Mai Chi , Burton Nicholas
Published: June 2023

This study examines non-Western perceptions of inclusion and exclusion through an examination of right mindfulness practitioners in Vietnam. It contributes to the critical inclusion literature that problematizes inclusion by showing how right mindfulness practitioners rejected the concepts of inclusion and exclusion, and moreover, resisted attachments to feelings of inclusion or exclusion, treating both states as empty and non-enduring. Surprisingly, our study shows how inclusion can generate fear at fulfilling others’ collective expectations, whereas exclusion generated a sense of freedom arising from a release from those expectations. Further, our study traces these counter-intuitive findings to right mindfulness practitioners’ moral reasoning based upon Buddhism’s canonical philosophical ideas. We conclude by highlighting the pressing need for critical perspectives and for further non-Western perspectives to inclusion that contribute to a body of cross-cultural work.
A role for Penicillium rubens strain 212 xylanolytic system in biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease in tomato plants
Authors: Requena Elena , Carreras María , Espeso Eduardo A. , Larena Inmaculada
Published: June 2023

Penicillium rubens strain 212 (PO212) is an effective inducer of resistance mechanisms in tomato plants against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. During the interaction of PO212 with the plant, different classes of molecules may act as elicitors such as certain secreted endo-xylanases. The aim of this work was to elucidate the possible role of the xylanolytic system of PO212 in its biocontrol activity. We identified potential genes coding for xylanases (xlnA, xlnE, xylP), β-xylosidase (xlnD) and their transcriptional regulators (xlnR and araR) in PO212, and evaluated their transcriptional patterns in response to tomato root extracts or synthetic medium containing xylan as main carbon source. For this work we compared data from biocontrol strain PO212 with those of two strains of Penicillium, P. rubens S27, and P. chrysogenum IPLA33001, lacking the biocontrol efficacy. Time-course experiments showed the effect of these carbon sources on the expression rates of xylanase genes. To achieve a strong reduction in expression of xylanolytic genes, we generated a null allele of XlnR, as the specific regulator of the xylanase pathway. Absence of XlnR function prevented growth of PO212 on media containing xylan as main carbon source and consequently, expression levels of xylanases were downregulated. The relationship of the xlnR gene regulated pathway to the efficacy of PO212 as a biological control agent was evaluated. Null xlnR strains did not reduce either disease severity or incidence as wild-type PO212 does. Thus, there is a relationship between a correct expression of xylanolytic system and the capability of these enzymes as effective elicitors to trigger of plant defense systems in tomato plants against F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici.