bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Born a Quaker’ (1900–1913)
Authors: King James
Published: January 2018

This chapter details Roland Penrose's early life. Roland was born on 14 October 1900. He had two older brothers Alexander (Alec) and Lionel, born in 1896 and 1898, respectively. His Irish-born father James Doyle Penrose was a painter, very much a traditional, proficient, and popular Royal Hibernian Academician, specialising in portraits and religious and historical themes. His mother Josephine was the daughter of Lord Peckover, an eminently successful East Anglian banker. Piety linked Josephine and James: they were devout Quakers. Like many wealthy women of her generation, Josephine's days were so filled with performing good deeds outside her home that she did not have much time to spend with her offspring. All in all, Roland had a happy childhood. In retrospect, he felt he and his brothers had been too restrained by their parents.
‘This Fascinating Horror’ (1914–1918)
Authors: King James
Published: January 2018

This chapter details events in Roland Penrose's life from 1914–1918. In 1914, at the age of fourteen, Roland was sent to Leighton Park School near Reading, referred to at the time as ‘the Quaker Eton’, where he was further schooled in a fundamental aspect of his parents' religion: self-reliance. While the first fourteen years of Roland's life had been lived during peace, England would be changed forevermore by the Great War. Back home, his family was thrown into a state of quiet despondency because of Quakerism's strong adherence to pacifism. In March 1916, when the Military Service Act became law, conscription was introduced for the first time in Britain. Roland, anxious to be of use, began in 1918 preparing for service three months before he was eligible to enter the fray.
Post-War Blues (1945–1947)
Authors: King James
Published: January 2018

This chapter details events in Roland Penrose's life from 1945 to 1947. Lee and Roland flew to New York City on 19 May 1946. Roland was elated to have the opportunity to rekindle his relationship with the Museum of Modern Art's (MOMA) director Alfred H. Barr, Jr., who likely warned him about the dangers he would face if he backed any kind of proposal to open a museum of modern art in London. Roland was taken with MOMA's collection: ‘Realizing that it was on a far greater scale that anything that could be dreamt of in London, consistently indifferent to all matters concerning the visual arts and still enfeebled by the war, this achievement nevertheless roused in me a longing to attempt some similar kind of folly at home’. Barr would also have expressed his gratitude to Roland for allowing his Picassos to be sent to MOMA during the war.
Life with a Virtuoso (1954–1966)
Authors: King James
Published: January 2018

This chapter details events in Roland Penrose's life from 1954 to 1966. In 1953, Victor Gollancz invited Roland to research and write a life of Picasso. Modestly but accurately, Roland realised that he might indeed be able to write a good biography. That winter, Roland visited Picasso in Perpignan, where Picasso was staying with the Comte and Comtesse de Lazerne at their country mansion. Roland broached the question of a biography with Picasso: ‘I told him that I wanted to write a book about him. His reaction was more encouraging than I had dared to hope.’ Putting aside the important claims surrealism had made upon him personally, Roland attempted to come to a full understanding of all aspects of Picasso's career, especially his cubist and neoclassical periods. The resulting book, narrated from what Roland felt was Picasso's point of view, shows a remarkable understanding of a genius at work.
Gilles Deleuze's Transcendental Empiricism
Authors: Rölli Marc
Published: January 2018

Subjectivity is itself an event that philosophy has tried to situate in an evanescent present as a dominating self-awareness equipped with common sense. But Deleuze insists that it requires a lifetime of effort to extract out of a multitude of potential a particular biography one can call one’s own. Empiricism’s disconnected bits and pieces cannot be arbitrarily separated into subject and object by transcendent laws and logic to assure a single fixed and truthful world running with a dialectical motor. Deleuze suggests a univocity based in difference. Being must be said, in a single and same sense, of all its individuating differences or intrinsic modalities. The plane of immanence coexists with the nomadic, unblocked distribution of things.
Virtuality of Concepts
Authors: Rölli Marc
Published: January 2018

Empiricism is by no means a reaction against concepts, nor a simple appeal to lived experience. Concepts are never ssimple. They are created out of multiple components and as the components change or new components are incorporated, concepts change. The intensional consistency of the concept gets lost if its components are assigned independent values or constant functions, as allowed by Frege. Creating and revising concepts is the philosopher’s transcendental or virtual mode of critique in the face of actualised practices. The problematic character of structures can be defined conceptually as a time problem, whereby the flexible concept appropriates time to interpret the virtual-actual different/ ciation process as a never-ending becoming.
Conclusion: Where Do We Go from Here? Lines of Flight
Authors: Rölli Marc
Published: January 2018

The Deleuzian event, as the sign of an encounter that affects one like a Stoic wound, combines. through a split in time or a meanwhile, a virtual past which was never present with a future still to come. The event provokes a counter-actualisation or life- long exemplifying activity such as performance—the Howl of art— or conceptualisation—the contemplation of philosophy—which in turn generate new lines of flight and the advent of new assemblages.
Troubled Everyday
Authors: Taylor Alison
Published: January 2018

Extreme violence in contemporary European art cinema is generally interpreted for its affective potential, but what about the significance of the everyday that so often frames and forms the majority of these films? Why do the sudden moments of violence that punctuate films like Catherine Breillat’s Fat Girl (2001), Gaspar Noé’s Irreversible (2002) and Markus Schleinzer’s Michael (2011) seem so reliant on everyday routines and settings for their impact? Addressing these questions through a series of case studies, and considering notorious films in their historical and philosophical context, Troubled Everyday offers the first detailed examination of the relationship between violence and the everyday in European art cinema. It calls for a re-evaluation of what gives these films such affective force and such a prolonged grip on our imagination.
Looking Back
Authors: Taylor Alison
Published: January 2018

The conclusion pulls together the key arguments presented throughout Troubled Everyday considering the way the melding of violence and the everyday in European art cinema has us reflect upon our own everyday outside of the cinema. In a world fraught with the violent and unexpected disruptions of terrorism, is it any wonder that films that call attention to the potential for sudden rupture to our everyday experience and understanding are so affecting? Examining Gaspar Noé’s reverse-running rape-revenge film Irreversible (2002), the conclusion offers some final reflections upon the relationship between violence and the everyday both in the cinema and outside of it.
The Invention of Palestinian Citizenship, 1918-1947
Authors: Banko Lauren
Published: January 2018

This book situates the evolution of citizenship at the centre of state formation under the quasi-colonial mandate administration in Palestine. The book presents a new understanding of the Arabs' reactions to colonialism and Jewish immigration into Palestine by framing resistance to mandate policies and the early stages of the development of the political project of Palestinian nationalism through the articulated appeals, discussions, ideologies and demands for a political, as opposed to simply legal, identity. It traces how, and to what extent, citizenship became politically linked to nationality and civic identity as a reaction to the legal parameters of the British-created citizenship status in the post-1918 period.
The Diaspora and the Meanings of Palestinian Citizenship, 1925–1931
Authors: Banko Lauren
Published: January 2018

This chapter contextualises the discourses, influences, notions, and political transformations that informed Palestinian Arabs' understanding of nationality and citizenship in the diaspora (particularly in Latin America) and at home in the years leading up to and just after the 1925 Citizenship Order-in-Council. Importantly, it focuses on the impacts of these understandings in Palestinian society and as part of Arab relations with Great Britain as the mandatory power. It offers an entirely new history of the emigrants and their reactions to, and counter-definitions of, the type of legal and apolitical nationality and citizenship that Palestine Mandate and colonial officials attempted to craft during the same time period. The impact of citizenship legislation on the diaspora frames the introduction of debates, discussions and slogans within Palestine, such as the demand for the ‘right to return’ and letters of protest to the British and international community that underscored the grievances of the emigrants who lacked citizenship.
The Palestine Revolt and Stalled Citizenship
Authors: Banko Lauren
Published: January 2018

This chapter chronicles the changes to the various meanings of citizenship and civic identity during the three years of the Palestinian Arab Revolt. Effectively, citizenship claims became rather ‘stalled’ in Palestine upon the outbreak of the nationwide revolt against the British. Rural rebels and revolt commanders co-opted certain claims, which in turn influenced newer meanings of patriotic loyalty and practices of citizenship. In particular, the Peel Commission report, which offered recommendations on policy in Palestine following the initial disturbances, is described in terms of its impact on citizenship in order to offer a historical explanation of the continuities and changes of both the British and the Arabs' perceptions of nationality, citizenship and rights by 1937.
The World of Image in Islamic Philosophy
Authors: van Lit L. W. C.
Published: January 2018

This book traces the notion of a world of image from its conception until today. This notion is one of the most original innovations in medieval Islamic philosophy, and is unique compared to other parts of the history of philosophy. The notion originated out of discussions on the fate of human beings after death; would this be spiritual only or physical as well? The world of image suggests that there exists a world of non-physical (imagined) bodies, beyond our earthly existence. This world may be entered after death and glimpses of it may already be witnessed during sleep or meditation. Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037) was the first to suggest something along these lines, arguing that people could simply imagine their afterlife without the need for it to be actually physical. Suhrawardī (d. 1191) included this suggestion in his innovative thinking on epistemology, known as ‘knowledge by presence’, without fully ontologizing it. Shahrazūrī (d. > 1286), finally, turned Suhrawardī’s thinking into the full-blown notion of a world of image. Notably through Taftāzānī (d. 1390) and Shaykh Bahāʾī (d. 1621), the idea gained wider popularity and continued to be discussed, especially in Shīʿī circles, up to this day. This book gives an insight into late medieval and early modern Islamic philosophy, especially the role of commentary writing. It sets the record straight for the provenance and development of the world of image and reconsiders the importance of Suhrawardī for the development of philosophy in the Islamic world.
Suhrawardī’s Recognition of an Additional Realm
Authors: van Lit L. W. C.
Published: January 2018

In Ḥikmat al-ishrāq, Suhrawardī takes Ibn Sīnā’s ideas in an entirely different direction. Whereas Ibn Sīnā was most concerned with how we can have imagination if we do not have a body anymore, Suhrawardī circumvents this problem by insisting that all particular perception is through non-physical images called ‘suspended images’. He makes these images into a fourth ontological category, next to intellects, souls, and bodies. As such, he is able to speak of a ‘world of suspended images’. Previously, scholars have emphasized the role they play in spiritual experience, but Suhrawardī in fact argues that with every act of particular perception, they play a role, whether it is hearing a sound or experiencing something in a dream. At the end of the chapter, some of the possible antecedents other than Ibn Sīnā are considered.
Conclusion
Authors: van Lit L. W. C.
Published: January 2018

It is said that a stanza was found on Suhrawardī’s grave which reads:1

~ the inhabitant of this grave was a pearl ~

~ a hidden one, which God created out of nobility ~

~ the times did not know his value ~

~ so he returned it to the shell for the great care he had for it ~...
Introduction: Tristan Garcia among the Cave Dwellers
Authors: Cogburn Jon
Published: January 2018

The introduction contains (i) an analysis of various metaphysical and epistemological positions with respect to the transcendent and merely immanent realms as suggested by Plato’s myth of the Cave, (ii) how Garcia fits into this tradition, and (iii) a first account of what I, building on Paul Livingston’s notion of “paradoxico-criticism,” call “paradoxico-metaphysics”.
Gender, Technology and the New Woman
Authors: Wånggren Lena
Published: January 2018

This book examines late nineteenth-century feminism in relation to technologies of the time, marking the crucial role of technology in social and literary struggles for equality. The New Woman, the fin de siècle cultural archetype of early feminism, became the focal figure for key nineteenth-century debates concerning issues such as gender and sexuality, evolution and degeneration, science, empire and modernity. While the New Woman is located in the debates concerning the ‘crisis in gender’ or ‘sexual anarchy’ of the time, the period also saw an upsurge of new technologies of communication, transport and medicine.
This book explores the interlinking of gender and technology in writings by overlooked authors such as Grant Allen, Tom Gallon, H. G. Wells, Margaret Todd and Mathias McDonnell Bodkin. As the book demonstrates, literature of the time is inevitably caught up in a technological modernity: technologies such as the typewriter, the bicycle, and medical technologies, through literary texts come to work as freedom machines, as harbingers of female emancipation.
Technologies of Detection
Authors: Wånggren Lena
Published: January 2018

This sixth chapter concludes the monograph by examining the figure of the New Woman detective and the specific technologies of detection employed. While women could not enter the British police force until well into the twentieth century, female detectives had been a part of British crime and detective fiction since the 1860s, culminating in the 1890s with the rise of New Woman detective. Mapping the literary trope of the New Woman detective, and the part played by modern technologies in these narratives, the chapter considers the nature of forensic evidence and the gendered use of technologies in producing this knowledge. Reading M. McDonnell Bodkin’s Dora Myrl, the Lady Detective (1900), the chapter considers New Woman detective fiction as a culmination of the New Woman’s use of technologies at the fin de siècle.
Actuality Without Potentiality
Authors: Das Saitya Brata
Published: January 2018

This chapter offers a reading of some of Schelling's last works, including the first few lectures on positive philosophy and on revelation that he delivered at the University of Berlin in 1841–42. It takes up the intricate and delicate question of actuality without potentiality to show that Schelling attempts to think of an exception without sovereignty that does not allow itself to be thought on the basis of worldly power. Thus, there can be no analogy between the divine monarchy and earthly sovereignty: between them there lies an irreducible caesura where the divine decision happens, and the world opens to us out of this divine decision. The chapter shows how Schelling's exit of/from philosophy is tied up with this task of thinking the radical transcendence of actuality outside worldly potentialities.
Cheap Modernism
Authors: Jaillant Lise
Published: January 2018

Cheap Modernism is the first sustained account of cheap series of reprints that transformed literary modernism from a little-read movement into a mainstream phenomenon – in Britain, Continental Europe and elsewhere. Mrs Dalloway or A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man are often presented as difficult books, originally published in small print runs for a handful of readers. But from the mid-1920s, these texts and others were available in cheap format across Europe. Uniform series of reprints such as the Travellers’ Library, the Phoenix Library, Tauchnitz and Albatross sold modernism to a wide audience – thus transforming a little-read “highbrow” movement into a popular phenomenon. The expansion of the readership for modernism was not only vertical (from “high” to “low”) but also spatial – since publishers’ series were distributed within and outside metropolitan centres in Britain, continental Europe and elsewhere. Many non-English native speakers discovered texts by Joyce, Woolf and others in the original language – a fact that has rarely been mentioned in histories of modernism. Drawing on extensive work in neglected archives, Cheap Modernism sheds new light on the complex relationship between modernism and the marketplace.
Rewriting Tarr Ten Years Later: Wyndham Lewis, the Phoenix Library and the Domestication of Modernism
Authors: Jaillant Lise
Published: January 2018

Four years before his death, Wyndham Lewis wrote to the modernist scholar Hugh Kenner: “In Tarr I had in view a publique d’élite.” This image of a difficult, uncompromising novel for an élite could well apply to the first version of Tarr – completed in 1915 and published by the Egoist Press in Britain and by Knopf in the United States in 1918. But in 1928, Lewis accepted an offer to reprint his novel in the newly created Phoenix Library, sold for only 3 shillings and 6 pence. Lewis decided to re-write the entire novel for this edition. At that time in his career, Lewis was eager to address not a “publique d’élite,” but a large audience who had never read Tarr before. Writing for the large audience that would read his novel in a cheap format, Lewis made his style much more accessible and less confusing for the common reader. Drawing on archival research in the Chatto & Windus records, this chapter takes the example of Tarr to argue that the Phoenix Library not only made available modernism to a much wider audience, but also transformed the modernist text itself.
‘Classics behind plate glass’: The Hogarth Press and the Uniform Edition of the Works of Virginia Woolf
Authors: Jaillant Lise
Published: January 2018

In her letter on the Middlebrow collected in The Death of the Moth, Virginia Woolf wrote: “I dislike bound volumes of the classics behind plate glass.” Despite her proclaimed mistrust of the “middlebrow” sphere, Woolf was aware that cheap series of reprints could widen her readership and consolidate her literary reputation. In 1928, she wrote the introduction to Laurence Sterne’s Sentimental Journey for the Oxford World’s Classics edition (as explained in Chapter 1). And in 1929, the Hogarth Press started publishing Uniform Editions of her work. As J. H. Willis has argued, “to put a living novelist’s works into a standard edition is to make a claim for the permanence and importance of the writer’s work, to establish a canon, to suggest the classic.” This chapter, based on extensive research in the Hogarth Press archive, argues that the Uniform Editions published by the Hogarth Press achieved at least three things: (1) they reached a wide audience of common readers in Britain; (2) they encouraged Harcourt Brace to issue a similar edition in the United States; and (3) they presented Woolf as a canonical writer whose work deserved to be “collected.” In short, thanks to the Uniform Editions, Woolf’s texts became “classics behind plate glass.”
Chaste Value
Authors: Gillen Katherine
Published: January 2018

Chaste Value reassesses chastity’s significance in early modern drama, arguing that presentations of chastity inform the stage’s production of early capitalist subjectivity and social difference. Plays invoke chastity—itself a quasi-commodity—to interrogate the relationship between personal and economic value. The economic imagery surrounding chastity ranges from romantic evocations of treasure to more quotidian references to usury, counterfeiting, and commodity exchange. Attending to such discourse in late Elizabethan and Jacobean plays, Chaste Value argues that representations of chastity (married fidelity as well as virginity) figure centrally within the early modern theatre’s interrogation of early capitalism, particularly with regard to the incorporation of people into commercial exchange. Through chastity discourse, the stage disrupts pre-capitalist ideas of intrinsic value while also reallocating such value according to emerging hierarchies of gender, race, class, and nationality. Chastity, therefore, emerges as a central category within early articulations of humanity, determining who possesses intrinsic value and, conversely, whose bodies and labour can be incorporated into market exchange.
Commercial Chastity and Aristocratic Value in Troilus and Cressida, the White Devil and the Changeling
Authors: Gillen Katherine
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the significance of intrinsic chastity to aristocratic selfhood and to the social and metaphysical hierarchies that support it. Whereas chastity is often depicted as an intrinsic good, characterized by an identity of essence and representation, Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida, Webster’s The White Devil, and Middleton and Rowley’s The Changeling deploy economic discourses to dismantle ideologies of intrinsic chastity, revealing it to be a social construct whose worth is determined by outside forces. Conclusions reached about chastity ultimately influence the plays’ presentations of aristocratic men, suggesting that their personal worth may rest not in class-based virtue but rather in the more relativistic dynamics of the marketplace. In these tragedies, performative identity arises through resistance to discourses of intrinsic chastity.
Immanence and Micropolitics
Authors: Gilliam Christian
Published: January 2018

Christian Gilliam argues that a philosophy of ‘pure’ immanence is integral to the development of an alternative understanding of ‘the political’; one that re-orients our understanding of the self toward the concept of an unconscious or ‘micropolitical’ life of desire. He argues that here, in this ‘life’, is where the power relations integral to the continuation of post-industrial capitalism are most present and most at stake.
Through proving its philosophical context, lineage and political import, Gilliam ultimately justifies the conceptual necessity of immanence in understanding politics and resistance, thereby challenging the claim that ontologies of ‘pure’ immanence are either apolitical or politically incoherent.
Introduction
Authors: Gilliam Christian
Published: January 2018

The introduction begins by arguing that political theory has been driven by base assumptions concerning the agency and transparency of the subject. Such assumptions are what were challenged by Marxist thinking, which, through the failure of the revolution to materialise in industrialised nations, instigated a more refined turn to ideology in the works of the neo-Marxists. Arguing this turn is limited in its focus on pre-conscious interests, I outline post-Marxism as an attempt to move towards an analysis of unconscious libidinal investments, which also signifies a turn to human ontology. The ontological turn faces a split, however, been transcendence on the one hand an immanence on the other. In exploring the two positions, it is argued that immanence has been rejected to the point of vindicating of transcendence as a necessary position in order to conceptualise the political. The chapter ends by arguing that this rejection and the related vindication, is premised a gross misreading and misunderstanding of immanence; that immanence is the ontological centre of micropolitics as that which precedes the politics of identity and representation. Moreover, this is an ontology that, at least insofar as it concerns the political, starts with Sartre and is developed by Merleau-Ponty, Foucault and Deleuze.
Think Tanks and the Washington Consensus on Hegemony
Authors: Löfflmann Georg
Published: January 2018

This chapter investigates the grand strategy proposals by some of the leading think tanks operating in Washington DC, demonstrating how their nominally impartial, and independent research reveals a dominant, bipartisan neoconservative/liberal-internationalist consensus on hegemony that further underlines the intertextual and practical interconnection between research expertise, professional knowledge and policymaking. The think tanks examined in this chapter were selected to assess those formally independent research outputs with the greatest policy impact under the Obama presidency, while also reflecting the widest range of political views on American grand strategy. The chapter examines how organisations supporting deviant grand strategy discourses of libertarian restraint (Cato) and liberal-progressive cooperative security (CAP) have attempted to shift the public policy debate and how the stigma of isolationism underwrites a powerful status quo in Washington DC.
Agonistic Mourning
Authors: Athanasiou Athena
Published: January 2018

Drawing on a wide range of contemporary social and political thought, the book engages with a feminist dissident movement: namely, former Yugoslavia’s “Women in Black” (Žene u Crnom orŽuC) and its practices of performative mourning for the abjected other. This agonistic mourning involves standing still in public, wearing black, and holding vigils to acknowledge the victims of the “other side.” In performatively occupying the position of the internal enemy, these political actors respond to those estranged as external enemies. By re-positioning their political bodies at the centre of the polis as a means of embodying their own and others’ ambivalent and precarious belonging vis-à-vis its demarcation lines, the activists bring intolerable memories into public view. Hence, they actualize the multilayered modalities of stasis as standing still but also taking the stand as embodied traces of those who had been stripped of their capacity to testify within the nationalist and militarist banality that led to ethno-nationalist violence in what has become the former Yugoslavia. In commemorating those socially instituted as impossible to commemorate, and in upsetting the grounds of mourning as a founding scene of maternal properness in nationalism, these dissident political subjects contest the idealized mourning inscribed in the genealogies of biopolitical normalization and ethno-national militarism. The book addresses agonistic mourning as a critical practice of contesting the power assemblage of sovereignty, biopolitics and nationalism.
Mourning Otherwise
Authors: Athanasiou Athena
Published: January 2018

This chapter engages the discursive conditions that made ethno-nationalist ideologies and armed conflicts of the 1990s possible and probable. Indeed, the question of how to recall the late twentieth-century history of former Yugoslavia constitutes a central aspect of the Women in Black labour of memory. The dissolution of Yugoslavia, especially the normalization of nationalist military violence in the mid-1990s, has manifested gendered norms as constitutive of nationalist discourses. Drawing on the ways in which the movement performatively brings forth an alternative public to embody the potentiality of displaced memory, this chapter argues in favor of breaking through the universalist, moralist, and humanist scripts of mourning. It seeks to make sense of the politically enabling ways in which these activists stage mourning as a site of agonistic resignification in order to interrogate the injustices and foreclosures which sustain dominant regimes of grievability, in Judith Butler’s terms.
Modernisation, Globalisation and Citizenship in Israel
Authors: Suleiman Camelia
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the difficult position of the Arabic language from the point of view of the ‘volatile conditions’ of Arab citizenship in Israel. Azmi Bishara’s political career is a good example of the limits of citizenship for the Arabs in Israel. The chapter also discusses the meaning of ‘official’ languages, the role of language academies, the language arrangement in bilingual schools, and lastly the new imagined nationality of ‘Aramean’ and its genealogical connection to Aramaic. This new identity is in line with the state’s continuous attempts to fracture the Palestinian community in Israel, but at the same time it is drawing inspiration from the fragmentation of Arab communities in surrounding states such as Syria, Lebanon and Iraq.
Joseon Cinema, Cinematic Joseon: on some Critical Questions of Joseon Cinema
Authors: Kim Dong Hoon
Published: January 2018

This chapter looks into the varied efforts of filmmakers to develop Joseon film culture and to define what constituted Joseon film from the early 1920s up to the late 1930s. Specifically, it explores filmmakers’ endeavours to find a way to develop cinematic aesthetics that reflected something uniquely Korean but at the same time integrated Joseon’s colonial status into their filmic representation of the colony Joseon. The inquiry begins with a discussion of the cinematic tropes and aesthetics developed by the 1926 film Arirang that laid the foundation for Joseon film production. The author discusses the film’s role in the discursive formation of Joseon cinema and cinematic representation of Joseon. Then the chapter analyses a wide variety of films, recurring stylistic patterns, and critical questions Joseon filmmakers considered when they tried to cinematize their respective versions of a Joseon image.
Migrating with the Movies: Japanese Settler Film Culture
Authors: Kim Dong Hoon
Published: January 2018

To adequately analyse Joseon cinema’s dual nature as a colonial and pseudo-national cinema against the colonial backdrop, it is indispensable to not only examine Korean elements but also consider the Japanese elements embedded in Joseon cinema. This chapter, therefore, brings to light the film culture of the Japanese settlers, a completely marginalized history in both Korean and Japanese film histories. As the author endeavours to integrate Japanese setters into my account of Joseon cinema, he makes a conscious effort to unearth some key figures from historical obscurity and narrate their stories in order to describe their seminal role in the advancement of Joseon film practices. As the chapter progresses, the discussion gradually expands to probe the overall settler film culture, including movie theatres, film programs, film criticism, and spectators, and its interactions with both Japanese film culture and the film practices of the local Koreans.
Colonial Film Spectatorship: Nationalist Enough?
Authors: Kim Dong Hoon
Published: January 2018

In the last two chapters, my critical and historiographical concerns draw on theories of film spectatorship and reception in order to further extend the topography of Joseon cinema. The forth chapter considers film-viewing as a political domain in which various forms of colonial tensions were represented and mediated. Taking the dearth of local productions and the predominance of Hollywood productions into consideration, the author argues any attempt to limit Korean spectators’ movie-going and film-viewing patterns only to Joseon films is bound to be a reductionist understanding of Joseon film culture. Thus, the chapter explores the issues in colonial spectatorship in relation to not only local but imported films. It focuses particularly on how Korean spectators’ engagement with American films emerged as the main subject of political tensions and hegemonic struggles with regard to the colonial situation, detailing a variety of receptions and interpretations of the dominance of Hollywood film in the Joseon film.
Conclusion: Integrating into the Imperial Cinema
Authors: Kim Dong Hoon
Published: January 2018

The conclusion looks into the manner in which Joseon cinema lost its autonomy and became subsumed into the imperial cinema from the late 1930s onward. I discuss how the increasing influx of Japanese film capital and changing political climate jointly redefined Joseon cinema’s role and function within the empire and radically altered the entire practice of film culture to elucidate the transformation of Joseon cinema in the final stage of colonial occupation.
Ant and Empire: Myrmetic Writing, Simulation and the Problem of Reciprocal Becomings
Authors: Horton Zach
Published: January 2018

This chapter considers the ant as a limit case of becoming-animal in order to problematize a troubling reciprocity of becoming. For the ant, already multiple, already molecularized, adapts to every niche on earth, constitutes its territory through a limitless processural colonization of the other that involves endless becomings, endless deterritorializations and reconstitutions as a species body at multiple scales. In short, the ant is the perfect Deleuzean animal, and yet as H. G. Wells captures so astutely in his story, “The Empire of the Ants,” it is also the most imperial and hierarchized. If the human becomes animal so that the animal can become something else, becoming-ant affords the potential for the ant to, alarmingly, become human. In addition to discussing Wells’ story, the chapter explores Bernard Werber’s 1991 novel Les Fourmis as well as Google’s game interface, Swarm!, which allows for a more robust engagement with the dynamics of scale for Deleuzean philosophy, which often (though not always) engages scale as a continuum when in fact all becomings make use of scalar quanta. By jumping scales rather than “scaling,” a molecularization is able to generate new degrees of freedom which would engage the alterior dynamics of other scales.
Becoming-shewolf and the Ethics of Solidarity in Once Upon a Time: Feminist and Posthumanist Re-assembling of Little Red Riding Hood
Authors: Ozgenalp Nur
Published: January 2018

The continuing television series Once upon a time (2011 – present) proposes unconventional politics of ‘becoming’ and engages in a discussion on the limits of body and soul, and those of females and animals in particular. The fairy-tale drama pushes fixed definitions of body and presents narratives of continuously inter-transforming characters. In the traditional telling of the story, through the act of cutting her way out of the wolf’s stomach, we see resistance in the character of Red Riding Hood. Once upon a time takes this resistance a step further by putting the wolf inside the girl. This brings out a question which serves as the focus of this chapter: What happens when the wolf is inside the girl? And, additionally: What kind of affects are born from this particular serial and televisual version of Red Riding Hood? Using Deleuze and Guattari’s notions ‘becoming-animal’ and ‘becoming-woman’, the analysis covers the story of mental transformation and corporeal mutation as developed in the episode, Red Handed in order to understand its political and ethical potential as well as its limits in relation to the twenty-first century mental, cultural and socio-political transformation.
Hannibal aux aguets: On the Lookout for New Rencontres
Authors: Stivale Charles J.
Published: January 2018

In L’Abécédaire de Gilles Deleuze, a 1988-9 video interview, Deleuze discusses with Claire Parnet the crucial link between creativity, the very possibility of thinking, and animality, through the practice of “être aux aguets” (being on the lookout) for rencontres. This chapter considers how this constitutes the essential practice of the character of Hannibal Lecter, created by Thomas Harris in several novels (Red Dragon, Silence of the Lambs, Hannibal, Hannibal Rising) and, more recently, portrayed in the commercial television series “Hannibal” by Mads Mikkelsen. Hannibal is portrayed as a highly refined individual who not only can sense physically the presence of any threat through extraordinary olfactory powers, but can also categorize, store and then recall any such scents/essences through a Memory Museum. In the television series, Hannibal as highly skilled culinary artist combines the results of his being “on the lookout” with an efficient and often gruesome taste for fine dining, with strategically selected guests usually uninformed about the courses on the menu. The chapter thus considers the concepts of the animal, “être aux aguets” and “refrains” in the light of fictional production, both in print and televisual form, in order to open the Deleuzian concepts to an alternate, creative reading.
Interpassivity
Authors: Pfaller Robert
Published: January 2018

Interpassivity is a widespread, but mostly unacknowledged form of cultural behavior. It consists in letting others (other people, or animals, machines etc.) not work, but consume in one’s place. When certain people, for example, take care that others drink their beer for them, fotocopy or print texts out instead of reading them, let recording devices watch TV programmes in their place, use ritual machines that pray or believe for them vicariously, or are happy that certain TV-comedies already laugh about themselves, we have to speak of interpassivity. These actions are based on certain subjects’ preference to delegate their enjoyment instead of having it themselves. This, obviously, raises a number of quite uncanny, fundamental questions: Why do certain people do not want to have their enjoyment? And why do they, if the do not want to enjoy, go to such great pains in order to ensure that somebody else enjoys in their place? The theory of interpassivity has had considerable impacts on several disciplines such as philosophy, art theory, psychoanalysis, media theory, political theory, anthropology, theory of religion etc. This volume assembles essays that reach from the fundamental philosophical questions, concerning the paradoxical pleasure gained from delegated enjoyment, to their most current consequences: for example concerning interactivity and participation in the arts and in politics, generosity in culture, the status of belief, ritual and magic, cultural capitalism, civilized urban role-play etc.
The Work of Art that Observes Itself: The Aesthetics of Interpassivity
Authors: Pfaller Robert
Published: January 2018

This chapter starts with the example that triggered the discovery of interpassivity: TV-SitComs with ‘canned laughter’ - such as Two and a Half Men, The Munsters, Golden Girls and so on. Is it possible that some observers prefer not laughing themselves and seeing their pleasure vicariously fulfilled by the TV program? What can this tell us about pleasure? Why do some people not want to have their pleasure themselves? And if so, why are they still so interested in seeing it experienced by some vicarious agent (a TV program, a friend, an animal, a machine and so on)? The chapter investigates the ethic and aesthetic questions that follow from this, with some guidance from psychoanalysis and philosophy - for example, the necessity of the other in Kant's aesthetics of the sublime, or Ludwig Wittgenstein’s famous investigation whether one can feel pain in someone else’s leg.
Matters of Generosity: On Art and Love
Authors: Pfaller Robert
Published: January 2018

Even the most ordinary people become artists when they try to create proofs of love: be it to a beloved adult person, or a child, a grandmother, or some close relative or friend. The gift and the generosity can be seen as the prototypes of art and its ethics in everyday culture. Many features of the gift, therefore, reappear in the artwork: its exemption from the everyday use (i.e. its typical lack of usefulness), the stroke of genius, and the subtle uncanniness that makes it difficult to establish and maintain a non-ambivalent, entirely benign relationship with the artwork just as with the gift. These features should not be forgotten when today, under neoliberal efficiency fetishism, museums are increasingly forced to lure more people more often into their halls. The generosity of the museum party thus seems to become a strange double (or caricature) of the generosity that characterizes the very nature of art.
Speaking Up: Veterinary Ethical Responsibilities and Animal Welfare Issues in Everyday Practice
Authors: Hernandez Elein , Fawcett Anne , Brouwer Emily , Rau Jeff , Turner Patricia
Published: January 2018

Although expectations for appropriate animal care are present in most developed countries, significant animal welfare challenges continue to be seen on a regular basis in all areas of veterinary practice. Veterinary ethics is a relatively new area of educational focus but is thought to be critically important in helping veterinarians formulate their approach to clinical case management and in determining the overall acceptability of practices towards animals. An overview is provided of how veterinary ethics are taught and how common ethical frameworks and approaches are employed—along with legislation, guidelines and codes of professional conduct—to address animal welfare issues. Insufficiently mature ethical reasoning or a lack of veterinary ethical sensitivity can lead to an inability or difficulty in speaking up about concerns with clients and ultimately, failure in their duty of care to animals, leading to poor animal welfare outcomes. A number of examples are provided to illustrate this point. Ensuring that robust ethical frameworks are employed will ultimately help veterinarians to “speak up” to address animal welfare concerns and prevent future harms.
Interplay between Selenium Levels and Replicative Senescence in WI-38 Human Fibroblasts: A Proteomic Approach
Authors: Hammad Ghania , Legrain Yona , Touat-Hamici Zahia , Duhieu Stéphane , Cornu David , Bulteau Anne-Laure , Chavatte Laurent
Published: January 2018

Selenoproteins are essential components of antioxidant defense, redox homeostasis, and cell signaling in mammals, where selenium is found in the form of a rare amino acid, selenocysteine. Selenium, which is often limited both in food intake and cell culture media, is a strong regulator of selenoprotein expression and selenoenzyme activity. Aging is a slow, complex, and multifactorial process, resulting in a gradual and irreversible decline of various functions of the body. Several cellular aspects of organismal aging are recapitulated in the replicative senescence of cultured human diploid fibroblasts, such as embryonic lung fibroblast WI-38 cells. We previously reported that the long-term growth of young WI-38 cells with high (supplemented), moderate (control), or low (depleted) concentrations of selenium in the culture medium impacts their replicative lifespan, due to rapid changes in replicative senescence-associated markers and signaling pathways. In order to gain insight into the molecular link between selenium levels and replicative senescence, in the present work, we have applied a quantitative proteomic approach based on 2-Dimensional Differential in-Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to the study of young and presenescent cells grown in selenium-supplemented, control, or depleted media. Applying a restrictive cut-off (spot intensity ±50% and a p value < 0.05) to the 2D-DIGE analyses revealed 81 differentially expressed protein spots, from which 123 proteins of interest were identified by mass spectrometry. We compared the changes in protein abundance for three different conditions: (i) spots varying between young and presenescent cells, (ii) spots varying in response to selenium concentration in young cells, and (iii) spots varying in response to selenium concentration in presenescent cells. Interestingly, a 72% overlap between the impact of senescence and selenium was observed in our proteomic results, demonstrating a strong interplay between selenium, selenoproteins, and replicative senescence.
Motion Planning for Bipedal Robot to Perform Jump Maneuver
Authors: Jiang Xinyang , Chen Xuechao , Yu Zhangguo , Zhang Weimin , Meng Libo , Huang Qiang
Published: January 2018

The remarkable ability of humans to perform jump maneuvers greatly contributes to the improvements of the obstacle negotiation ability of humans. The paper proposes a jumping control scheme for a bipedal robot to perform a high jump. The half-body of the robot is modeled as three planar links and the motion during the launching phase is taken into account. A geometrically simple motion was first conducted through which the gear reduction ratio that matches the maximum motor output for high jumping was selected. Then, the following strategies to further exploit the motor output performance was examined: (1) to set the maximum torque of each joint as the baseline that is explicitly modeled as a piecewise linear function dependent on the joint angular velocity; (2) to exert it with a correction of the joint angular accelerations in order to satisfy some balancing criteria during the motion. The criteria include the location of ZMP (zero moment point) and the torque limit. Using the technique described above, the jumping pattern is pre-calculated to maximize the jump height. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations. In the simulation, the bipedal robot model achieved a 0.477-m high jump.
Hierarchical Colored Petri Nets for Modeling and Analysis of Transit Signal Priority Control Systems
Authors: An Yisheng , Wu Naiqi , Zhao Xiangmo , Li Xuan , Chen Pei
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we consider the problem of developing a model for traffic signal control with transit priority using Hierarchical Colored Petri nets (HCPN). Petri nets (PN) are useful for state analysis of discrete event systems due to their powerful modeling capability and mathematical formalism. This paper focuses on their use to formalize the transit signal priority (TSP) control model. In a four-phase traffic signal control model, the transit detection and two kinds of transit priority strategies are integrated to obtain the HCPN-based TSP control models. One of the advantages to use these models is the clear presentation of traffic light behaviors in terms of conditions and events that cause the detection of a priority request by a transit vehicle. Another advantage of the resulting models is that the correctness and reliability of the proposed strategies are easily analyzed. After their full reachable states are generated, the boundness, liveness, and fairness of the proposed models are verified. Experimental results show that the proposed control model provides transit vehicles with better effectiveness at intersections. This work helps advance the state of the art in the design of signal control models related to the intersection of roadways.