bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychotropic Drugs Prescription and Use among Children with Mental Disorders at a Tertiary Hospital in Vietnam
Authors: Lan Nguyen Thi Phuong , Tam Ngo Thi , Bach Nguyen Xuan , Thien Le Cong
Published: July 2021

Background: Awareness of psychotropic medication and its adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can promote safe and rational use of medications, particularly in children and adolescents with mental problems. This study examined the prescription of psychotropic drugs and actual drug-drug interaction (DDI) and ADR for children with mental disorders under 18 years of age in a tertiary hospital in Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 257 psychiatric inpatients under 18 years of age at the National Mental Health Institute—Bach Mai Hospital in 2017. Information about the course of treatment included prescribed medications, drug interactions, side effects, drug combination, and modifications to the regimen was collected. Results: 14.8% and 59.5% of patients received a single-drug regimen and a 2-drug combination regimen upon admission, respectively. The most used regimen was antipsychotics + tranquilizers, accounting for 38.1%. Haloperidol was the most commonly prescribed drug (40.5%). Most patients were given the recommended dosage of the drug (>90%). There were 20.6% of patients having drug interactions with the largest proportion of the combination of diazepam and olanzapine (62.3%). ADRs of psychotropic drugs were detected in 46.3% of patients, with the highest rate of ADRs from antipsychotic drugs. Antipsychotics had the highest rate of replacement (91.3%), mostly replaced from a first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) to a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA). Conclusion: The appointment of psychotropic drugs to patients under 18 years of age has to comply with the recommendations, and carefully balance the benefits and risks of ADRs as well as the risk of DDI in case of the drug combination.
An experimental approach to reproduce in-plane fiber waviness in thermoplastic composites test coupons using a reverse forming method
Authors: Sitohang RDR , Grouve WJB , Warnet LL , Koussios S , Akkerman R
Published: July 2021

In-plane fiber waviness is one of the defects that can occur from the stamp-forming process of thermoplastic composite (TPC) parts. The influence of this defect on the mechanical performance of multidirectional composites is not yet fully understood. The main challenge in determining the influence on mechanical properties lies in reproducing the waviness in test coupons that can subsequently be subjected to testing. This paper describes an experimental approach to reproduce representative in-plane waviness defects, specific for TPC, by reverse-forming of V-shape parts of various bend angles and inner radii. Characterization results show that this method enables the manufacturing of localized in-plane waviness in flat 24-ply quasi-isotropic C/PEEK composites with no voids. Furthermore, laminates having varying levels of maximum waviness angle ([Formula: see text]), between 14° to 64°, were successfully produced in this work. By comparing the [Formula: see text] value with the examples of industrial stamp-formed parts, it can be concluded that the developed coupon manufacturing method can reproduce waviness from TPC part production reasonably well. Finally, all of the produced laminates have defective region lengths smaller than 20 mm, localized within a predefined location which makes them well suited for standard compression test coupons.
Murderous intent—The attitude of a murderer?
Authors: Leigh Gavin
Published: July 2021

There is a controversy in the definition of murder in England and Wales. This relates to ‘intention’ in the mental element, which can include the defendant’s foresight of death or grievous bodily harm (GBH) as ‘virtually certain’. This ‘oblique’ intent is criticised as morally under-inclusive. In this article, it is argued the crime can better capture those killings that should be categorised as murder by rejecting oblique intent. It is accepted that GBH ought to be a part of the mental element. However, the article proposes murder should capture heinous forms of risk-taking through knowledge of likely death or GBH which, if it were to occur, might be useful in contributing to the defendant’s purpose. This cognitive approach supports a murderous attitude called reconciliation. That attitude is contrasted with the dictionary definition of intention in which death or GBH can be used in pursuit of, or is, the defendant’s purpose.
The Impact of Inclusive Education on Academic Motivation, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Well-Being of Students With Learning Disability
Authors: Kausik Neel Harit , Hussain Dilwar
Published: July 2021

This study explored the impact of inclusive education on academic motivation, academic self-efficacy, and well-being of students with learning disability (LD). Three groups of students (students with LD studying in special schools, students with LD studying in inclusive schools, and students without LD studying in inclusive schools) were compared on these variables. Results revealed that students without LD scored higher on both academic motivation and academic self-efficacy. They also scored higher on well-being than students with LD going to inclusive schools. Implications of the results in the context of students with LD are discussed.
Peers supporting reintegration after occupational stress injuries: A qualitative analysis of a workplace reintegration facilitator training program developed by municipal police for public safety personnel
Authors: Jones Chelsea , Bright Katherine , Smith-MacDonald Lorraine , Pike Ashley D , Bremault-Phillips Suzette
Published: July 2021

Public safety personnel (PSP) are at increased risk of developing operational stress injuries. Peer-led reintegration programs (RPs) for PSP, evidence-based research is lacking. This study explored the experiences of PSP participating in a Reintegration Program Facilitator Training (RPFT) program. Participant ( n = 57) responses were collected from surveys, satisfaction and knowledge questionnaires, and a World Cafe. Four themes emerged: (1) traits of an ideal RF; (2) holistic/complementary workplace reintegration approach; (3) necessary features of the reintegration program; and (4) culture-specific considerations. While RPs hold promise, it is essential that evidence-based research be used to guide RPFT and RP spread and sustainability.
Which Promises Actually Matter? Election Pledge Centrality and Promissory Representation
Authors: Mellon Jonathan , Prosser Christopher , Urban Jordan , Feldman Adam
Published: July 2021

Parties make hundreds of campaign promises but not all are seen by voters as central to a party’s offering. Studies of government promise fulfillment accept that not all promises are equivalent but in practice treat all promises equally because they lack an appropriate means of measuring promise centrality. To demonstrate the importance of accounting for pledge fulfillment, we develop a conjoint experiment method to measure public opinion about promise centrality which can be used to construct centrality weights. We demonstrate this approach’s utility by examining the 2017 UK Conservative manifesto. Centrality weighting reduces our assessment of Conservative promise keeping by 21 percentage points (1.3 standard deviations of typical promise-completion rates found in comparative studies). Weighting increases the centrality of EU promises sevenfold and immigration promises sixfold, and reduces the centrality of miscellaneous administrative promises by more than half. These results illustrate that pledge centrality cannot be ignored when assessing pledge fulfillment.
Entropy generation in thermally radiated hybrid nanofluid through an electroosmotic pump with ohmic heating: Case of synthetic cilia regulated stream
Authors: Munawar Sufian , Saleem Najma
Published: July 2021

Synthetic cilia-regulated transports through micro and nanofluidic devices guarantee an efficient delivery of drugs and other biological substances. Entropy analysis of cilia stimulated transport of thermally radiated hybrid nanofluid through an electroosmotic pump is conducted in this study. Joint effects of applied Lorentz force and Ohmic heating on the intended stream are also studied. Metachronal arrangements of cilia field coating channel inner side, are liable to generate current in the fluid. After using the lubrication and the Debye-Huckel estimations, numerical solutions of the envisioned problem are obtained. For pressure rise per metachronal wavelength, the pressure gradient is numerically integrated. The analysis reveals that high electric potential results in reducing the heat transfer effects in the flow system. The enhancement of flow is noticed near the channel surface for higher electroosmotic parameters. The irreversibility in the channel decreases when the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity is applied in the opposite direction of the flow and thus produces the fluid friction irreversibility.
Cognitive mapping as an approach to facilitate organ donation among African Americans
Authors: Locke Jayme E , Reed Rhiannon D , Shewchuk Richard M , Stegner Katherine L , Qu Haiyan
Published: July 2021

Making up 13.4% of the United States population, African Americans (AAs) account for 28.7% of candidates who are currently waiting for an organ donation. AAs are disproportionately affected by end-organ disease, particularly kidney disease, therefore, the need for transplantation among this population is high, and the high need is also observed for other solid organ transplantation. To this end, we worked with the AA community to derive an empirical framework of organ donation strategies that may facilitate AA decision-making. We used a cognitive mapping approach involving two distinct phases of primary data collection and a sequence of data analytic procedures to elicit and systematically organize strategies for facilitating organ donation. AA adults ( n = 89) sorted 27 strategies identified from nominal group technique meetings in phase 1 based on their perceived similarities. Sorting data were aggregated and analyzed using Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses. Among 89 AA participants, 68.2% were female, 65.5% obtained > high school education, 69.5% reported annual household income ≤ $50,000. The average age was 47.4 years (SD = 14.5). Derived empirical framework consisted of five distinct clusters: fundamental knowledge, psychosocial support, community awareness, community engagement, and system accountability; and two dimensions: Approach, Donor-related Information. The derived empirical framework reflects an organization scheme that may facilitate AA decision-making about organ donation and suggests that targeted dissemination of donor-related information at both the individual-donor and community levels may be critical for increasing donation rates among AAs.
Nostalgic neighborhood belongings: Theorizing the interrelationship among nostalgias, belongings and neighborhood changes
Authors: Colin Clément
Published: July 2021

Depending on one’s socio-territorial contexts, age, and time spent residing in the same place, the spatial-temporal experience of belonging is lived differently. Within this framework, this article looks at perspectives of neighborhood belonging in long-term residents aged 65 years and older. Based on the narratives of 51 people from three neighborhoods of Valparaíso, Chile, who participated in the 2019 workshops and/or in-depth interviews, I identify different types of nostalgic senses of belonging; and examine the social and spatial conditions that influence their formation. From this empirical research, I argue that these belongings are based on daily practices that refer to the past neighborhood and that, at the same time, are embodied in their current materialities. The results show, on the one hand, the role of nostalgia in the formation of a belonging, from the past to the present; and, on the other, the influence of place in these experiences. From the above, this article contributes to the conceptualization of the material dimension of nostalgic belongings and their interrelationships among nostalgias, belongings, and changes in social and physical environments.
A Public Safety Compliance Model of Safety Behaviors in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Al-Bsheish Mohammad , Jarrar Mu’taman , Scarbrough Amanda
Published: July 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 has placed a heavy burden on society, threatening the future of the entire world as the pandemic has hit health systems and economic sectors hard. Where time moves fast, continuing curfews and lockdown is impossible. This paper assembles three main safety behaviors, social distancing, wearing a facemask, and hygiene in one model (PSC Triangle) to be practiced by the public. Integrating public safety compliance with these behaviors is the main recommendation to slow the spread of COVID-19. Although some concerns and challenges face these practices, the shifting of public behaviors to be more safety-centered is appropriate and available as an urgent desire exists to return to normal life on the one hand and the medical effort to find effective cure or vaccine that has not yet succeeded on the other hand. Recommendations to enhance public safety compliance are provided.
Living the Experience Before You Go . . . but Did It Meet Expectations? The Role of Virtual Reality during Hotel Bookings
Authors: McLean Graeme , Barhorst Jennifer B
Published: July 2021

Virtual reality (VR) is considered an important technological development to impact the tourism industry. Hotels are constantly attempting to overcome the challenges they face in the presentation of their facilities in the virtual environment. This research has made one of the first attempts to understand VR’s ability to influence tourism consumers’ attitudes and behavioral intentions during the prepurchase phase and postpurchase phase of their purchase journey across three hotel preview styles, namely, (1) VR immersive headsets, (2) 360° VR tour, and (3) a static image website. Through a lab-based experiment with 270-participants, study 1 outlined the positive role of VR on learning about the hotel and visit intentions. Through a questionnaire with 409 actual tourism consumers following a hotel stay, study 2 detailed that VR plays a significant role in managing tourism consumers’ expectations through providing an authentic experience and stimulating the development of detailed mental imagery prior to their visit.
Understanding Emergency Preparedness in Public Agencies: The Key Role of Managerial Perceptions
Authors: Xiang Tianyi
Published: July 2021

A central function of government is to protect citizens from harms of various hazards. Research on governmental emergency preparedness focuses predominantly on emergency management agencies per se but seldom assesses the full range of public sector agencies—nor how public managers specifically shape agency actions. This study addresses these gaps by investigating how perceptions and attitudes of administrators in nonemergency management agencies affect preparedness. Using a survey of U.S. public transit agencies, I demonstrate how managers’ perceived risks and efficacy beliefs shape nonemergency public agencies’ commitment to emergency preparedness. These findings suggest pathways for improved emergency preparedness across public sector agencies overall.
Traumatic Pseudoaneurysm Arising From Proximal Facial Artery: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Achour Imen , Kharrat Ines , Thabet Wadii , Souissi Basma , Mnejja Malek , Hammami Bouthaina , Charfeddine Ilhem
Published: July 2021

Pseudoaneurysms of facial artery usually arise from the distal part of the vessel. Only 4 cases were described in the literature involving the proximal part of facial artery. We present a case of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm involving the proximal part of facial artery. A 50-year-old man was referred to our department for a progressively growing submandibular mass. He was injured by a sharp object during a car crash 30 days ago. After 3 weeks, the patient noted the appearance of a subcutaneous mass in the left submandibular area. Physical examination revealed a freely movable, painful, and pulsatile swelling. Ultrasound and computerized tomography scan showed a nodular lesion in the left submandibular area in continuity with the facial artery. The diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of facial artery was suspected. The patient was treated by surgery. The pseudoaneurysm was resected with ligation of the proximal and distal ends of the facial artery.
Intraparotid Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma After Thyroidectomy Coincident With Declining Thyroglobulin Levels: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Marouf Azmi , Heaphy John C. , Sindi Abdullah Mohammed , Alamri Ahlam Hadi , Sheffah Firas R. Abi , Noorsaeed Ahmed , Al-Tammas Anas H. , Rammal Bilal Issa
Published: July 2021

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid malignancy. Intraparotid recurrence of PTC is, however, rare. Most parotid malignancies are either primary or metastatic from cancer outside the head and neck. We report a case of a 71-year-old man who had undergone lobectomy and completion thyroidectomy for PTC and presented to our clinic with an insidious intraparotid recurrence, for which he underwent a superficial parotidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy. We also present a review of the literature on similar cases. Intraparotid metastasis of PTC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a parotid mass.
Activities to support individual dosimetry of children in Kawamata Town
Authors: Yamanishi Hirokuni , Ito Tetsuo , Hosono Makoto
Published: July 2021

This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Kawamata Town in Date District, Fukushima Prefecture is located more than 30 km north-west of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, but on 22 April 2011, part of the Yamakiya District of Kawamata Town was designated as a planned evacuation area. The exposure of children was a concern in Kawamata Town. Based on the proposal of Kindai University, Kawamata Town Board of Education took the initiative to measure individual radiation doses with an integrated dosimeter (glass badge) for all kindergarten children, nursery school children, elementary school students, and junior high school students in the town. These measurements were continued for nearly 3 years from June 2011 until the end of March 2014. The total number of measurements was approximately 16,800 across 11-cycle measurement, with 3 months’ accumulation taken as one-cycle measurement. Kindai University provided financial support for the glass badge measurement service, and cooperated in the analysis of measured values and the development of advice based on the results. The main body implementing the measurements was Kawamata Town Board of Education, and the data obtained belong to Kawamata Town. When measurements were starting to be taken, schools got involved in the collection and distribution of dosimeters after explanations were provided to principals and school nurses who were in charge of risk communication. Thanks to the efforts of the schools, the recovery rate exceeded 90%, increasing the reliability of the measurements. It was clear who needed the information – the children and their parents. Kawamata Town Board of Education summarised the cumulative dose results for each measurement and notified parents via personal reports. These were sent to parents with advice on measurement results prepared by Kindai University, and care was taken to ensure that people could understand the measured results. Further briefing sessions were held as appropriate. At the briefing sessions, at the request of Kawamata Town Board of Education, the faculty members of Kindai University explained the measurement results from a professional point of view, and a professor from the Faculty of Medicine provided individual health consultations. Kawamata Town took the lead in using specialists to gain peace of mind, and this was key to the project’s success. The situation was managed by taking measurements by dosimetry, and asking experts to interpret the data and provide advice to help reassure the residents.
Should we conduct correspondence study field experiments with political elites?
Authors: Zittel Thomas , Louwerse Tom , Helboe Pedersen Helene , Schakel Wouter
Published: July 2021

Correspondence study field experiments with political elites are a recent addition to legislative studies research, in which unsolicited emails are sent to elites to gauge their responsiveness. In this article, we discuss their ethical implications. We advance from the viewpoint that correspondence study field experiments involve trade-offs between costs and benefits that need to be carefully weighted. We elaborate this argument with two contributions in mind. First, we synthesize ethical considerations in published work to explore what the specific trade-offs are and how they can be mitigated by experimental design. We conclude that correspondence study field experiments with political elites are worth pursuing given their potential to further good governance. But they also involve distinct trade-offs that are particularly challenging. Second, we draw from our own considerations while designing a comparative correspondence study field experiment and stress challenges resulting from cross-national designs. In sum, we aim to facilitate further reasoned discussion on an important methodological issue.
Sub-Ethnicity and Survivorship Experience: Asian American Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Chee Wonshik , Im Eun-Ok
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study was to explore the associations of sub-ethnicity to the survivorship experience of Asian American breast cancer survivors and identify the multiple factors that influenced their survivorship experience. This was a secondary analysis of the data among 94 Asian American breast cancer survivors from a larger ongoing study. Instruments included: questions on background characteristics, the perceived isolation scale, the Personal Resource Questionnaire, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer. Data were analyzed using hierarchical logistic and multiple regression analyses. After controlling for other factors, being a Japanese American (ref. = being a Chinese American) was significantly associated with pain scores (odds ratio [OR] = −0.32, p < .01), symptom distress scores ( β = −0.27, p < .01), and the quality of life scores ( β = 0.22, p = .03). Sub-ethnic variations in cultural attitudes, values, and beliefs need to be considered in future research/practice with Asian American breast cancer survivors.
A What Works Centre for Probation: Challenges and possibilities
Authors: Sanders Michael , Jones Louise , Briggs Eleanor
Published: July 2021

The What Works Movement in the UK Government has seen the establishment of 12 centres to focus on evidence-based policy in different domains. In this paper, we present the challenges and opportunities posed by a What Works Centre (WWC) for Probation, based on our prior experience of establishing WWCs in other areas. Although there are legitimate and substantial challenges to some of the methodological approaches of ‘What Works’, we conclude that Probation is in an unusually strong starting position for such a centre to thrive.
Using technology to unobtrusively observe relationship development
Authors: Brinberg Miriam , Vanderbilt Rachel Reymann , Solomon Denise Haunani , Brinberg David , Ram Nilam
Published: July 2021

Texting plays an increasingly important role in romantic relationships. Along with the increased use and impact of technology in and on relationships, technology provides new approaches to observe and study relationships. This study demonstrates the potential for using unobtrusive measures of texting obtained through mobile data donation for the study of communication behaviors during relationship development. In particular, we examine how texting behaviors change prior to relationship formation and during a relationship transition. Our analysis of 1+ million text messages that 41 college-age romantic couples sent to each other during their first year of dating demonstrates (a) the utility of digital trace data for studying romantic relationship development, (b) the importance of obtaining and analyzing actual texting behaviors when observing interpersonal communication that is frequent, fast, and variable, and (c) the need for more theoretical specificity in how and why different kinds of communication behaviors change as relationships develop.
Del Nido cardioplegia for myocardial protection in adult cardiac surgery: a systematic review and update meta-analysis
Authors: Zhai Kerong , Cheng Xingdong , Zhang Pengbin , Wei Shilin , Huang Jian , Wu Xiangyang , Gao Bingren , Li Yongnan
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Although the application of del Nido cardioplegia solution (DNC) in adult cardiac surgery is accumulating, the feasibility and safety of this myocardial protection strategy in adults remains controversial. We aimed to update our previous meta-analysis to determine the myocardial protective effect of DNC versus conventional cardioplegia (CC) in adult cardiac surgery.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases through November 2020.

Results:

Thirty-seven observational studies and four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 21,779 patients were identified. The DNC group was associated with decreased postoperative cardiac enzymes [troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB)] [standardized mean differences (SMD): −0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.99 to −0.19, p = 0.004], cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (MD: −9.31, 95% CI: −13.10 to −5.51, p < 0.00001), aortic cross-clamp (ACC) time (MD: −7.20, 95% CI: −10.31 to −4.09, p < 0.00001), and cardioplegia volume (SMD: −1.95, 95% CI: −2.46 to −1.44, p < 0.00001). Intraoperative defibrillation requirement was less in the DNC group [relative risk (RR): 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.75, p = 0.0007]. The pooled analysis revealed no significant difference in operative mortality among the patients assigned to DNC and those undergoing CC.

Conclusion:

In adult cardiac surgery, compared to CC, myocardial protection used with DNC yield similar or better short-term clinical outcomes. More high-quality trials and RCTs reflecting long-term follow-up morbidity and mortality are required in the future to confirm these findings.
Toward an expanded approach on Black mobilities
Authors: Hinger Bradley
Published: July 2021

Mobilities scholars have shown how injustices may arise from forced movement or stillness. However, with notable exceptions, these studies tend to collapse analyses of race into a simplistic binary of immobility as an inherent characteristic of non-white people and the possibility of movement as only granted to white people. In this article, I call for an expanded approach that is inclusive of both the controlling forces of white supremacy and life-affirming resistance against and despite these constraints. Drawing from Black studies and Black Geographies, I argue for a more unified Black mobilities research agenda.
Five-Year Project-Level Statewide Pavement Performance Forecasting Using a Two-Stage Machine Learning Approach Based on Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: Bukharin Alexander W. , Yang Zhongyu , Tsai Yichang (James)
Published: July 2021

An accurate pavement performance forecasting model is essential for transportation agencies to perform pavement maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction (MR&R) in a predictive and cost-effective manner. Although some forecasting methods have been successful in forecasting short-term (e.g., 1–2 year) pavement conditions at either the project level or network level, accurately forecasting long-term (e.g., 3–5 year) pavement conditions at both project level and network level under real-world conditions is still challenging. Thus, the goal of this paper is to propose a two-stage machine learning approach based on long short-term memory (LSTM) to achieve not only the short-term, but also the long-term, forecasting accuracy at both the project level and network level. The proposed method involves LSTM in the first stage and an artificial neural network (ANN) in the second stage, resulting into a two-stage model. The LSTM first learns the pattern of pavement deterioration based on sequential data (e.g., historical pavement conditions). Then, the ANN further learns the impacts of roadway factors (e.g., traffic parameter, pavement surface type, working district) to adjust the final forecasting results. The accuracy of the proposed two-stage model has been compared with baseline machine learning methods in 2016 on a large, statewide Florida dataset at both the project level and network level to demonstrate the superior capability of the proposed method. In addition, the proposed method has been tested further to forecast future (5-year) pavement conditions (2016–2020). Results show a promising forecasting accuracy for both the short-term and long-term in comparison with the ground truth.
Joint Modeling of Access Mode and Parking Choice of Air Travelers Using Revealed Preference Data
Authors: Ge Yanbo , Biehl Alec , Ravulaparthy Srinath , Garikapati Venu , Lunacek Monte , Phillips Caleb
Published: July 2021

Airport ground access mode choice is distinct from everyday mode choice decisions, necessitating context-specific choice model estimation. Understanding airport ground access mode choice decisions is not only important for developing infrastructure planning strategies, but also for assessing the impacts of emerging modes on airport revenues, particularly from parking. However, parking choice is an often-overlooked dimension in airport ground access choice modeling. This paper addresses this gap through the development of a joint model of airport access mode and parking option choice using a passenger survey conducted at Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport in 2015. Compared with a traditional conditional logit model that does not consider parking options available at DFW airport, the joint model of mode and parking decisions was found to generate more realistic values of travel time and was shown to have better predictive performance, both of which are critical for obtaining better airport parking revenue estimates and identifying traveler cohorts who may respond more strongly to potential policies targeting curb congestion and parking demand.
Causal Analysis of Lateral Deviation of Flights in Terminal Airspace
Authors: Szenczuk João B. T. , Souza Wallace S. S. , Guterres Marcelo X. , de Oliveira McWillian , Murça Mayara C. R. , Müller Carlos
Published: July 2021

Aircraft arrival and departure procedures are designed by air navigation service providers to enable the orderly and safe flow of air traffic. However, in actual operations, flights often deviate from standard routes, especially within terminal airspace. In this context, this paper presents an analysis of the determining factors for the lateral deviation (LD) of flight paths compared with the standard aeronautical departure and arrival procedures. For that, aircraft tracking data recorded by surveillance systems were leveraged and a linear regression model was employed to map structural and operational factors into LD. Our results indicate that LD tends to decrease with increased demand and low ceiling or visibility conditions. On the other hand, convective weather tends to increase LDs as additional holdings and rerouting may be necessary. Besides, significant levels of deviation can be associated with some specific arrival and departure procedures.
Incorporating Practical Degree of Saturation in Capacity Estimation of On-Street, Mid-Block, Off-Line Bus Stops
Authors: Hisham Faheema , Bunker Jonathan M. , Bhaskar Ashish
Published: July 2021

The effectiveness of an on-street bus facility depends on the general traffic that shares the lane used by buses. The Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual (TCQSM) methodology was used to estimate facility bus capacity based on critical stop operation. Hisham et al. provided an improved understanding of performance of an on-street, mid-block, off-line bus stop by relating bus stop capacity to the adjacent lane traffic flow rate. Using the TCQSM methodology, bus stop capacity was determined by adopting an estimated operation margin that relates to a design bus stop failure rate. However, failure rate is theoretically ambiguous and difficult to quantify in practice, particularly under high volume traffic conditions. In contrast, degree of saturation is a direct measure of operating conditions experienced by buses using the stop, and by the adjacent lane general traffic, so it directly affects approach delay and queuing. The aim of this study was to better understand performance at on-street, mid-block, off-line bus stops by considering degrees of saturation of loading areas and the adjacent lane rather than design failure rate according to the TCQSM methodology, and to ensure that waiting times upstream of bus stops are kept to acceptable levels by determining bus stop maximum working capacity.
Head Impact Biomechanics in Youth Flag Football: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lempke Landon B. , Johnson Rachel S. , Le Rachel K. , Anderson Melissa N. , Schmidt Julianne D. , Lynall Robert C.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Youth flag football participation has rapidly grown and is a potentially safer alternative to tackle football. However, limited research has quantitatively assessed youth flag football head impact biomechanics.

Purpose:

To describe head impact biomechanics outcomes in youth flag football and explore factors associated with head impact magnitudes.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We monitored 52 player-seasons among 48 male flag football players (mean ± SD; age, 9.4 ± 1.1 years; height, 138.6 ± 9.5 cm; mass, 34.7 ± 9.2 kg) across 3 seasons using head impact sensors during practices and games. Sensors recorded head impact frequencies, peak linear ( g) and rotational (rad/s2) acceleration, and estimated impact location. Impact rates (IRs) were calculated as 1 impact per 10 player-exposures; IR ratios (IRRs) were used to compare season, event type, and age group IRs; and 95% CIs were calculated for IRs and IRRs. Weekly and seasonal cumulative head impact frequencies and magnitudes were calculated. Mixed-model regression models examined the association between player characteristics, event type, and seasons and peak linear and rotational accelerations.

Results:

A total of 429 head impacts from 604 exposures occurred across the study period (IR, 7.10; 95% CI, 4.81-10.50). Weekly and seasonal cumulative median head impact frequencies were 1.00 (range, 0-2.63) and 7.50 (range, 0-21.00), respectively. The most frequent estimated head impact locations were the skull base (n = 96; 22.4%), top of the head (n = 74; 17.2%), and back of the head (n = 66; 15.4%). The combined event type IRs differed among the 3 seasons (IRR range, 1.45-2.68). Games produced greater IRs (IRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.53) and peak linear acceleration (mean difference, 5.69 g; P = .008) than did practices. Older players demonstrated greater combined event–type IRs (IRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12-1.90) and increased head impact magnitudes than did younger players, with every 1-year age increase associated with a 3.78 g and 602.81-rad/s2 increase in peak linear and rotational acceleration magnitude, respectively ( P≤ .005).

Conclusion:

Head IRs and magnitudes varied across seasons, thus highlighting multiple season and cohort data are valuable when providing estimates. Head IRs were relatively low across seasons, while linear and rotational acceleration magnitudes were relatively high.
The Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of the International Hip Outcome Tool–33 (iHOT-33) in Patients With Hip and Groin Pain Treated Without Surgery
Authors: Scholes Mark J. , King Matthew G. , Crossley Kay M. , Jones Denise M. , Semciw Adam I. , Mentiplay Benjamin F. , Heerey Joshua J. , Lawrenson Peter R. , Coburn Sally L. , Johnston Richard T.R. , Bell Emily C. , Girdwood Michael , Kemp Joanne L.
Published: July 2021

Background:

The International Hip Outcome Tool–33 (iHOT-33) was developed to evaluate patients seeking surgery for hip and/or groin (hip/groin) pain and may not be appropriate for those seeking nonsurgical treatment.

Purpose:

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the iHOT-33 total (iHOT-Total) score and all subscale scores in adults with hip/groin pain who were not seeking surgery.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with hip/groin pain who were not seeking surgery were recruited from 2 ongoing studies in Australia. Semistructured one-on-one interviews assessed content validity. Construct validity was assessed by testing hypothesized correlations between iHOT-33 and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) subscale scores. Test-retest reliability was assessed in patients not undertaking treatment and who reported “no change” in their Global Rating of Change (GROC) score at 6-month follow-up. Scores were reliable at group and individual levels if intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were ≥0.80 and ≥0.90, respectively. Scores were responsive if Spearman rank correlations (ρ) between the change in the iHOT-33 score and the GROC score were ≥0.40.

Results:

In total, 278 patients with hip/groin pain (93 women; mean age, 31 years) and 55 pain-free control participants (14 women; mean age, 29 years) were recruited. The iHOT-33 demonstrated acceptable content validity. Construct validity was acceptable, with all hypothesized strong positive correlations between iHOT-33 and HAGOS subscale scores confirmed ( r range, 0.60-0.76; P < .001), except for one correlation between the iHOT-Sport and HAGOS-Sport ( r = .058; P < .001). All scores were reliable at the group level, except for the iHOT-33 job subscale (iHOT-Job) (ICC range, 0.78-0.88 [95% CI, 0.60-0.93]). None of the subscales met the criteria for adequate reliability for use at the individual level (all ICCs <0.90). Minimal detectable change values (group level) ranged from 2.3 to 3.7 (95% CI, 1.7-5.0). All iHOT-33 subscale scores were responsive (ρ range, 0.40-0.58; P≤ .001), except for the iHOT-Job in patients not undertaking treatment (ρ = 0.27; P = .001).

Conclusion:

All iHOT-33 subscale scores were valid for use in patients with hip/groin pain who were not seeking surgery. Acceptable test-retest reliability was found for all subscale scores at the group level, except the iHOT-Job. All subscale scores, excluding the iHOT-Job, were responsive, regardless of undertaking physical therapist–led treatment or no treatment.
The Relationship Between Students’ Writing Process, Text Quality, and Thought Process Quality in 11th-Grade History and Philosophy Assignments
Authors: Holdinga Lieke , Janssen Tanja , Rijlaarsdam Gert
Published: July 2021

Source-based writing is a common but difficult task in history and philosophy. Students are usually taught how to write a good text in language classes. However, it is also important to address discipline-specificity in writing, a topic likely to be taught by content teachers. In order to design discipline-specific writing instruction, research needs to identify which reading and writing activities during the source-based writing process affect students’ thought process quality and text quality, as assessed by content teachers. We conducted a think-aloud study with 15 (11th grade) students who performed two source-based writing assignments, each representative of its discipline. From the data, we derived 11 activities, which we analyzed for duration, frequency, and time of occurrence. Results showed that the disciplines required different approaches to writing. For philosophy, the writing process was dominant and influenced quality, leading us to conclude that philosophical thinking and writing are intertwined. For history, the planning process appeared to be paramount, but it influenced text quality only and not the quality of the thought process. In other words, historical thinking and writing appear to be separate processes. Our findings can be used to develop strategy instruction that reinforces better writing, adapted to discipline-specific writing processes.
Experimental and numerical study on cavitation performances of a turbopump with and without an inducer
Authors: Fu Yanxia , Xie Jiangfeng , Shen Yang , Pace Giovanni , Valentini Dario , Pasini Angelo , D’Agostino Luca
Published: July 2021

The cavitation performances and its internal flows in a centrifugal turbopump with and without a three-bladed axial inducer have been studied both experimentally and numerically. A 3D steady numerical model has been applied to simulate the cavitating flow from the inlet to the outlet ducts of the turbopump with and without an inducer by using ANSYS CFX code. In the present work, to clarify this relationship, we conducted experiments in both cold water ( T = 20°C) and hot water ( T = 80°C) with a focus on the development of vapor volume fraction and head degradation by gradually reducing the inlet pressure from atmospheric conditions to the minimum allowable value at a constant rate of about 3 mbar/s. The measured and predicted cavitation performances of the turbopump with and without an inducer have been compared under different operating conditions and the temperature of the operating fluid.
Cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus is negatively related to social role participation and quality of life: A systematic review
Authors: Mendelsohn Sierra , Khoja Lina , Alfred Sofia , He Jennifer , Anderson Melanie , DuBois Denise , Touma Zahi , Engel Lisa
Published: July 2021

Introduction

At least 38% of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) experience cognitive impairment (CI). Patients report CI impacts their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and social role participation.

Objectives

To synthesize and critically appraise the quantitative literature on the relationship of CI to HRQoL and social role participation in individuals with SLE.

Methods

Six electronic databases were searched in December 2018 and June 2020 by an information specialist. Two reviewers independently completed all screening phases and data extraction; a third reviewer resolved disagreements. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to critically appraise the quality of included studies. Data has been synthesized and analyzed descriptively to present evidence on the relationship of CI to HRQoL and social role participation.

Results

A total of 7182 references were identified and screened, with 14 articles included. Four of the included articles investigated the relationship between CI and HRQoL and all identified a negative relationship. Ten of the 14 studies investigated CI and social role participation, eight identified a negative relationship. There was heterogeneity of measures used between studies to examine CI, HRQoL, and social role participation. As such, results were interpreted descriptively and could not be pooled for meta-analysis.

Conclusion

The presence of CI is negatively related to HRQoL and social role participation in patients with SLE. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this relationship so that it can be addressed in clinical practice. Further research, using consistent methods of quantifying CI, HRQoL and social role participation, is needed to enable data pooling.
“A matter of time”: Evidence-making temporalities of vaccine development in the COVID-19 media landscape
Authors: Harrison Mia , Lancaster Kari , Rhodes Tim
Published: July 2021

This article investigates how evidence of the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines is enacted in news media via a focus on the temporality of vaccine development. We argue that time constitutes a crucial object of and mechanism for knowledge production in such media and investigate how time comes to matter in vaccine evidence-making communication practices. In science communication on vaccine development, the vaccine object (along with the practices through which it is produced) undergoes a material-discursive shift from an imagined “rushed” product to being many years in the making and uninhibited by unnecessarily lengthy processes. In both these enactments of vaccine development, time itself is constituted as evidence of vaccine efficacy and safety. This article traces how time (performed as both calendar time and as a series of relational events) is materialized as an affective and epistemic object of evidence within public science communication by analyzing the material-discursive techniques through which temporality is enacted within news media focused on the timeline of COVID-19 vaccine development. We contend that time (as evidence) is remade through these techniques as an ontopolitical concern within the COVID-19 vaccine assemblage. We furthermore argue that science communication itself is an important actor in the hinterland of public health practices with performative effects and vital evidence-making capacities.
Predictors of healthcare use in community women with eating disorder symptoms: a longitudinal study
Authors: Holtzhausen Nicol , Hay Phillipa , Foroughi Nasim , Mannan Haider
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate associations between eating disorder mental health literacy (EDMHL), defense style, eating disorder (ED) symptom severity, psychological distress and mental-health-related quality of life (MHRQoL) and the likelihood of formal and informal healthcare use (HCU) across multiple time points.

Methods

A community sample of 445 young women with ED symptoms were followed over 7 years. Questionnaires were distributed via email and postal mail across multiple time points; this study includes data from years 2 (baseline in this study), 4 and 9. The inclusion criteria was provision of HCU data at year 2.

Results

ED symptom severity at baseline was significantly associated with greater HCU two and seven years later. Accurate identification of an ED by participants (i.e. EDMHL) at baseline was associated with greater HCU seven years later. Defense style, psychological distress, MHRQoL and other aspects of EDMHL were not significantly associated with HCU over time.

Conclusions

Individuals with more severe ED symptoms, and with greater EDMHL, may be more likely to seek help over time. However, individuals with EDs may not seek help directly for poorer MHRQoL and higher levels of psychological distress. This reinforces the importance of ED screening, particularly in primary care settings.
Party Messaging in the U.S. House of Representatives
Authors: Hughes Tyler , Koger Gregory
Published: July 2021

Both Congressional parties compete to promote their own reputations while damaging the opposition party’s brand. This behavior affects both policy-making agendas and the party members’ communications with the media and constituents. While there has been ample study of partisan influence on legislative agenda-setting and roll call voting behavior, much less is known about the parties’ efforts to shape the public debate. This paper analyzes two strategic decisions of parties: the timing of collective efforts to influence the public policy debate and the substantive content of these “party messaging” events. These dynamics are analyzed using a unique dataset of 50,195 one-minute speeches delivered on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1989 to 2016. We find a pattern of strategic matching—both parties are more likely to engage in concurrent messaging efforts, often on the same issue.