bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Organismos biológicos o individuos darwinianos?
Authors: Alvarado José Tomás
Published: January 2025

Tradicionalmente se ha supuesto que el objeto central de la biología son los ‘organismos’. La expresión “organismo” es relativamente reciente en el uso que se le da hoy día –fue introducida por los autores del idealismo alemán– pero corresponde a una noción muy tradicional. Un ‘organismo’ ha de ser una sustancia compuesta por una pluralidad de materiales organizados por la misma sustancia que actúa sobre sí misma para preservarse en el tiempo, en orden a una finalidad que es el propio organismo. Parece resultar indispensable para hacer inteligible a un organismo su ordenación a un fin. Esta perspectiva teleológica, sin embargo, resulta inaceptable para la perspectiva reductivista de la biología prevalente desde el triunfo de la llamada “síntesis moderna” la primera mitad del siglo pasado. Se ha propuesto, por ello, sustituir la idea tradicional de ‘organismo’ por la de ‘individuo darwiniano’ (cf. Godfrey-Smith, 2009), que ofrecería una perspectiva más adecuada del objeto de la biología. El objeto de esta ciencia no serían los organismos, sino individuos que pueden entrar en el cambio evolutivo darwiniano. En este trabajo se explica porqué subsiste un hiato crucial entre los organismos teleológicamente orientados y un individuo darwiniano. La perspectiva darwiniana deja a un lado el rasgo más central del objeto de la biología: la vida.
Enfoque dialógico de la noción de hipótesis como relación entre dos pruebas
Authors: Redmond Juan , Lopez-Orellana Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

En el presente artículo defendemos la idea de que las hipótesis en ciencia deben ser entendidas como una demostración donde se establece de modo dinámico e interactivo una relación entre dos pruebas. Para ello, apelamos a la noción de demostración por hipótesis que Aristóteles esboza en sus Primeros Analíticos. De este modo, circunscribimos la generación de hipótesis al ámbito de las interacciones dialécticas en las que los seres humanos y sus acciones como agentes argumentativos con propósitos y fines desempeñan un papel central. Esta demostración toma la forma de un condicional y es construida por el acuerdo entre agentes epistémicos. Elegimos la perspectiva del pragmatismo dialógico para capturar formalmente esta relación.
Casimiro Miguel: a“espontaneidade programada”e a (re)configuração da televisão na Cultura da Conexão no Brasil
Authors: Frazon Terra Carolina , Toledo Torres Adeilson
Published: January 2025

The article examines Casimiro Miguel as a media phenomenon in Brazil, highlighting his ability to integrate traditional and digital media. Casimiro is portrayed as a "media hub," connecting platforms and audiences innovatively. The text discusses concepts like "programmed spontaneity" and "programmed ephemerality," describing how he constructs his live broadcasts to create a sense of authenticity and urgency. Casimiro's journey is analyzed as an example of hybridization between Professionally User-Generated Content (PUGC) and Professionally Generated Content (PGC), impacting the television experience in the connection culture. UGC (User-Generated Content) is defined as content created by users for online platforms without profit motives.
Revistas Científicas: Ainda estamos aqui! Ainda vamos estar?
Authors: Tavares Denise , Barsotti Adriana , Paula Goulart de Andrade Ana , Morais Larissa , Henrique Conceição dos Santos Pedro
Published: January 2025

The text briefly discusses the current scenario of evaluation from the perspective of the changes that should occur in the next four years, as already announced by Capes and the coordinator of the Communication and Information area. It points out some concerns about the changes, also commenting on some challenges that scientific journals in the area are already facing. It presents the articles in the issue, highlighting the main contributions of each text.
Media Framing of Rohingya Muslims: A Comparative Analysis of Western, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian Media
Authors: Contesa Yenis , Sahide Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The Rohingya, a Muslim minority group in Myanmar, have long suffered systematic discrimination, persecution, and violence that has culminated since 2017. The Myanmar government refuses to grant citizenship to the Rohingya, considering them illegal immigrants from Bangladesh, even though they have lived in Myanmar for generations. To highlight the complex relationship between media, geopolitics, and public opinion formation, this research seeks to analyze potential biases and contrasting narratives between Western, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian media opinions on Rohingya Muslims. To examine the portrayal of the Rohingya as “refugees”, “victims of violence”, and “rejects”, this study used NVIVO 14 by analyzing 120 news stories, consisting of 40 stories from Western media (CNN and BBC News), 40 from Middle Eastern media (Al Jazeera and Alarabiya News), and 40 from Southeast Asian media (Kompas and The Star). The results showed that Western media tended to frame the Rohingya as victims of violence, Middle Eastern media highlighted the plight of refugees in some countries, while Southeast Asian media highlighted the theme of resistance to their arrival. The analysis also found that the media tended to use neutral sentiments, although bias was detected in certain narrative and framing choices. This research contributes to discourse studies by emphasising the importance of understanding framing biases in shaping public opinion and suggests further analysis that includes levels of semiotics and critical discourse to reveal the depth of media narratives on the Rohingya.
The Concept of Religion-Science Integration: A Comparative Study of Naquib Al-Attas and Nidhal Guessoum
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad , Soleh Achmad Khudori , Cahyati Lia
Published: January 2025

The integration of religion and science has garnered significant attention, as evidenced by the contributions of prominent Muslim thinkers such as Naquib Al-Attas, Ismail Al Faruqi, Mehdi Golshani, Ziauddin Sardar, and Nidhal Guessoum. This study aims to compare the perspectives of Naquib Al-Attas and Nidhal Guessoum regarding the integration of religion and science, using a literature review with a comparative descriptive approach and content analysis techniques. The findings reveal that Naquib Al-Attas’s concept of integration emphasizes three key aspects: a paradigm shift from Westernization to Islamization, a focus on language, and fostering ethical-moral values through ta’dīb. In contrast, Nidhal Guessoum highlights three distinct elements: the non-conflictual nature of science and religion, a layered interpretation of the Qur'an, and a theistic-falsification principle. The study identifies common ground between the two thinkers, including critical analysis of the origins of science, layered identification, and the incorporation of religious values. However, their differences lie in Naquib’s critique of the emergence of science versus Nidhal’s critique of the Islamization model, Naquib’s language-based approach versus Nidhal’s multilevel Qur'anic interpretation, and Naquib’s emphasis on Islamic ethics-morals versus Nidhal’s integration of sacred texts and reason under a theistic framework. The study concludes that Muslims should Islamize Western science by embedding ethical-moral ta’dīb, facilitating a harmonious dialectic between religion and science, wherein religion provides foundational values and science incorporates theistic principles.
The Relevance of Abu Bakar Atjeh's Concept of Tazkiyah al-Nafs in Addressing Mental Health Issues
Authors: Ihwan Agustono  , Nur Hadi Ihsan  , Fahmi Habibi Musthofa
Published: January 2025

Mental health issues in today’s world are a major concern that must be addressed. Tazkiyah al-nafs emerges as a significant answer to the problem in this context. Tazkiyah al-nafs is primarily concerned with purifying the soul, cleansing the heart of desire and greed, and bringing one closer to Allah. Abu Bakar Atjeh, a well-known Indonesian scholar, believes that tazkiyah al-nafs is one of the most effective medications for people suffering from mental health conditions. Hence, this article aims to explore the concept of tazkiyah al-nafs by Abu Bakar Atjeh and its relevance in addressing mental health problems. This study is library research with a qualitative approach. Data was obtained using documentation techniques, and the collected data was analyzed using descriptive analysis methods. The research concludes that there are two ways to achieve mental health through the tazkiyah al-nafs method, namely khalwah and żikr. The conclusion in this paper is that tazkiyah al-nafs has a positive and comprehensive impact because of its holistic and spiritual-based approach so that these concepts of khalwah and żikr in tazkiyah al-nafs can be applied to various mental health problems.
Staples, Anne. ¿Dónde estás?, ¿qué haces, Leona Vicario? México: El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Históricos, 2020
Authors: Navarro Mendez Jose María
Published: January 2025

En la guerra de Independencia, son pocas las mujeres novohispanas que figuran en el gran relato histórico. La cultura popular las exalta en las arengas festivas de cada 15 de septiembre, cuando la voz de los políticos recuerda a Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Gertrudis Bocanegra y Leona Vicario. Estas mujeres han ocupado un lugar destacado en las celebraciones patrias; sin embargo, sabemos muy poco sobre sus vidas. En este contexto, se presenta una reseña de la obra de Anne Staples, ¿Dónde estás?, ¿qué haces, Leona Vicario?, un trabajo que explora la figura de Leona Vicario a través de un estudio crítico de la «vida cotidiana» de una mujer novohispana. Este texto destaca su legado político y personal, revelando una faceta poco común en las mujeres de su tiempo: la firmeza en sus convicciones y su dedicación a la causa de la Independencia.
Bolívar y el federalismo
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Edwin
Published: January 2025

Este artículo examina los argumentos de Simón Bolívar contra el federalismo a través de una perspectiva que se sumerge en los discursos que moldearon su praxis política. Para Bolívar, el federalismo no debía evaluarse por su adecuación a principios abstractos, sino en el marco de la ciencia de la legislación, campo de saber desarrollado desde fines del siglo xviii que avalúa las instituciones en función de su eficacia práctica y su correspondencia con las características físicas y morales de cada  pueblo. Al considerar que los pueblos de América hispana, marcados por la opresión colonial, carecían de las virtudes políticas necesarias para el federalismo, Bolívar lo rechazó por considerarlo una forma de gobierno destinada a desorden y disensión internos, que imposibilitaba enfrentar las amenazas externas que desafiaban las naciones recientemente liberadas.
Resilience to Shocks of Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Fiji
Authors:   University of  Sydney, Greenland William , Toth Russell ,   University of  Sydney
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the resilience of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Fiji to economic shocks, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic and climate-related hazards.
Based on original survey data from 2,400 MSMEs, the paper evaluates the impact of government concessional loans on pandemic recovery and explores climate resilience strategies. Findings reveal mixed outcomes from policy interventions and reliance on self-funding by enterprises impacted by disasters. The paper emphasizes integrating financial support with long-term climate adaptation to strengthen MSME resilience.
Machine vision for automated maturity grading of oil palm fruits: A systematic review
Authors: Kamal Afsar , Kamarudin Nur Diyana , Bin Ahmad Khairol Amali , Rahayu Syarifah Bahiyah , Mohd Isa Mohd Rizal , Makhtar Siti Noormiza , Yaakub Zulkifli
Published: January 2025

The maturity of oil palm fruits is a very crucial factor for oil extraction industry in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and other countries to ensure the oil quality and increase productivity. This literature review examines the various machine learning techniques, especially the deep learning techniques used to automate the maturity grading process of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. The crucial advantages of using machine learning approaches were highlighted, and the limitations and prospects of each research article were discussed. This review describes the various image pre-processing techniques utilized to prepare images for model training. CNN is identified as the dominant over all classification techniques of machine learning to classify the oil palm fruits images based on maturity level, due to its ability of learning complex features.
Wpływ wojny na Ukrainie na sytuację ekonomiczno-finansową wybranych branż polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczego
Authors: Zając Adam , Bogisz Marcin
Published: January 2025

Wojna na Ukrainie znacząco wpłynęła na sytuację polskiego sektora rolnego. Wynika to z faktu sąsiadowania Polski z Ukrainą i związanej z tym perspektywie zagospodarowywania przez polski sektor rolno-spożywczy części popytu na towary ukraińskie. Celem artykułu jest próba oceny wpływu wojny na Ukrainie jako przykładu nieprzewidywalnego szoku makroekonomicznego na sytuację ekonomiczno-finansową wybranych branż polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczego. Metodami badawczymi, jakie wykorzystano są analiza statystyczna i porównawcza wybranych wskaźników finansowych w latach 2021-2023. Wpływ wojny na otoczenie makroekonomiczne, a także podaż produktów rolnych w ujęciu globalnym i wzrost cen surowców energetycznych i energii elektrycznej spowodowały istotne zmiany w sektorze. Wpływ wojny na Ukrainie szczególnie widoczny był w kilku branżach, które zwiększyły wolumeny produkcji, przejęły część popytu zagranicznego na produkty tych branż oraz poprawiły poziom swoich wyników finansowych, względem okresu przed wybuchem wojny.
Enhancing energy efficiency: A case study of lighting retrofit systems in Malaysian university environments
Authors: Hasan Md. , Ashikujjaman Md. , Khandaker Sayma , Sulaiman Norizam , Manap Hadi
Published: January 2025

With an enormous potential for demand reduction, lighting is one of the main
variables influencing demand of electricity in the building energy industry.
In this work, laboratory lighting systems for a Malaysian university are
used as a case study to discuss the challenges of designing an efficient
lighting system for educational spaces. Experimental results indicate that
the university laboratories receive more than 300 lux of light from the
present lighting system and natural light during the day, under clear,
average, cloudy, and night circumstances, respectively, for instructional
purposes. The illuminance requirement is exceeded by the presently installed
lighting system. This exceeding illuminance level was discovered to be
mostly caused by the excessive amount of installed light. Based on
simulation results, it is possible to save a significant amount of energy,
money, and greenhouse gas emissions by installing well-arranged light
emitting diode (LED) tube lights with a 0.8 maintenance factor.
Effects of storage temperature on the quality and quantity of DNA extracted from maize leaves
Authors: Kostadinovic Marija , Ristic Danijela , Lucev Milica , Ignjatovic-Micic Dragana , Vancetovic Jelena
Published: January 2025

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature during
storage of maize leaves and extracted DNA on its quality and quantity in
order to be efficiently amplified using PCR. Leaves were collected from the
four-week-old plants and divided into three groups of 20 samples. The first
group of leaves was processed immediately, while the other two were stored
at -20?C or -80?C for 30 days. The DNA extracted from the fresh leaves was
divided into three portions with the first being amplified immediately and
the other two were stored at -20?C or -80?C for 30 days. The DNA quality and
quantity were examined using a biospectrometer, after which the samples were
diluted for the PCR assay. The quality of all DNA samples was at an
acceptable level with their average OD260/280 ratio in the range from 1.85
to 1.87. The concentration of the DNA extracted immediately from fresh leaf
tissue was not statistically different from the stored samples. Both the
quality and quantity of DNA in all samples were sufficient for successful
PCR amplification with two opaque2-specific molecular markers. Phi057
amplified a ~170bp fragment in QPM and ~160bp in non-QPM, while umc1066
amplified a ~150bp fragment in QPM and ~160-170bp in non-QPM. Our results
suggest that appropriate storage conditions do not affect the DNA quality
and quantity. This could be useful in marker-assisted selection of target
genes, when a large number of samples must be processed prior to
pollination, allowing breeders to discard plants lacking the desired alleles
and reduce the size of the breeding population.
Possibility of using the botanical insecticide azadirachtin and synthetic and semi-synthetic insecticides to control Helicoverpa armigera in sweet pepper
Authors: Tamas Nenad , Sretenovic Marko , Miletic Novica
Published: January 2025

During 2019 and 2020, field experiments were performed on sweet pepper crops
to determine the efficacy of chemical insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin,
flubendiamide), semi-synthetic (emamectin benzoate), and biological
pesticide (azadirachtin) in controlling cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa
armigera). The experiments were performed in a randomized complete block
design with four replications according to the standard EPPO method at the
site of Veliko Gradiste (Serbia). Flubendiamide was applied at a rate of 50
g/ha, lambda-cyhalothrin at a rate of 7.5 g/ha, emamectin benzoate at a rate
of 375 g/ha, and azadirachtin at a rate of 0.75 g/ha. The intensity of the
2nd generation cotton bollworm infestation on sweet pepper at this locality
was higher during 2020 compared to 2019. After performing two treatments for
the 2nd generation, flubendiamide showed the highest efficacy, ranging from
92.42% (3 days after treatment - DAT, 2020) to 95.56% (9DAT, 2019).
Lambda-cyhalothrin had a satisfactory efficacy in the range of 81.93% (9DAT,
2020) to 90.63% (3DAT, 2019), and emamectin benzoate showed similar efficacy
from 80.72% (9DAT, 2020) to 90.63% (3DAT, 2019). Azadirachtin could gain a
significant place as a botanical insecticide in integrated pest management
programs for sweet pepper protection from H. armigera. However, it
statistically showed a significantly lower efficacy than other insecticides
(77.27%: 3DAT, 2020 to 86.67%: 9DAT, 2019).
Islet Autoantibody Screening Throughout Australia Using In-Home Blood Spot Sampling: 2-Year Outcomes of Type1Screen
Authors: Wentworth John M. , Sing Anna B. E. , Naselli Gaetano , Huang Dexing , Azidis-Yates Elizabeth , Mandlebe Batsho , Brown James D. , McGorm Kelly , Hall Candice , Redl Leanne , Kludas Renee , Haldar Aniruddh , Healy Felicity , Gilbert Abbey , Watson Kelly , Chiang Cherie , Couper Jennifer J. , Huynh Tony , Davis Elizabeth A. , Craig Maria E. , Cameron Fergus J. , Kay Thomas W. , Harrison Leonard C. , Colman Peter G.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

Type1Screen offers islet autoantibody testing to Australians with a family history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) with the dual aims of preventing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and enabling use of disease-modifying therapy. We describe screening and monitoring outcomes 2 years after implementing in-home capillary blood spot sampling.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data from 2,064 participants who registered between July 2022 and June 2024 were analyzed: 1,507 and 557 chose blood spot and venipuncture screening respectively. We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes for 1,243 participants (967 blood spot and 276 venipuncture) whose samples were tested by June 2024.

RESULTS

One blood spot and five venous participants reported unsuccessful sample collections. The median (quartile 1, quartile 3) age of blood spot registrants was lower (12.1 [7.1, 27.1] vs. 17.2 [9, 38.4] years; P < 0.0001), and a higher proportion lived in regional Australia (39% vs. 29%; P = 0.0037). Among 72 participants (5.9%) with a positive screening test, 5 screened by blood spot and 2 by venipuncture had no autoantibodies on confirmatory testing. Blood spot screening identified the expected 2.1% prevalence of multiple autoantibodies and a 2.5% prevalence of a single autoantibody compared with 1.5% and 4.1%, respectively, for venipuncture screening. Clinical diabetes developed in 12 participants. All had screened positive and none had DKA.

CONCLUSIONS

Type1Screen has national reach. In-home blood spot screening is feasible, particularly for younger participants living regionally, and identifies the expected prevalence of preclinical T1D. The lower cost, increased convenience, and greater reach of blood spot screening could help meet increasing demand for early T1D diagnosis.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment in head and neck cancer management: a systematic review
Authors: Grumstrup Simonsen Malte , Fenger Carlander Amanda-Louise , Kronberg Jakobsen Kathrine , Grønhøj Christian , Von Buchwald Christian
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a need for reorganization in the healthcare systems. First, we aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Second, we aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on tumor stage and changes in treatment regimens used.
Material and methods: A systematic search in PubMed and Embase was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: (1) Studies including patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas; (2) Studies containing a comparison of time to treatment; (3) Studies containing a well-defined time interval with restrictions on health care due to COVID-19 and a well-defined time interval without restrictions.
Results: A total of 19 studies were included comprising 24,898 patients treated for HNC cancer. Six studies (10.1% of the patients) reported an increase in waiting time within at least one interval, while seven studies reported a decrease (83.2% of the patients), and six studies found no significant effect. No changes in treatment modalities were observed. Seven of 15 studies (12.7% of the patients) observed an increase in either overall stage, size, or tumor node and metastasis classification during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among these, two studies reported increased waiting times as well.
Interpretation: The impact of the COIVD-19 pandemic on time to treatment was heterogenous and subject to considerable intercountry and interregional variations. A tendency toward a higher T-classification was observed. In conclusion, otorhinolaryngology departments demonstrated resilience, as the pandemic led to only slight alterations in time to treatment.
The effectiveness of exercise-based interventions on muscle mass, muscle strength, functional performance, aerobic capacity, and health-related quality of life in adults with malignant lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Groenset Charlotte , Bech Magnus N. , Jarden Mary , Høgdal Nina , Hutchings Martin , Suetta Charlotte , Christensen Jan
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study aims to identify and summarize evidence on the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions on muscle mass, muscle strength, functional performance, aerobic capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), feasibility of the interventions, in patients with malignant lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in six electronic databases and trials registers on November 15, 2023. Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing exercise intervention with controls/usual care in adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy were considered for inclusion. All study authors were contacted to obtain unpublished subgroup data. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data and assessed the quality of evidence using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials.
Results: Six RCTs published between 2009 and 2021, with 838 participants, were included. Due to clinical heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not feasible, therefore the results were synthesized narratively. Exercise interventions during treatment were found to be feasible with few adverse events reported. The included studies indicate positive effects of exercise during chemotherapy on muscle mass, muscle strength, functional performance, aerobic capacity, and HRQoL compared to usual care.
Interpretation: Despite extensive search criteria, a limited number of heterogenous studies were eligible, which may explain the very low certainty of evidence for all outcomes. Nonetheless, exercise-based interventions conducted during treatment were feasible, safe and potentially effective. Further studies are needed to guide future exercise recommendations for these patients.
Pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer – real-world single-centre data
Authors: Patachi Bogdana , Jensen Kristian H. , Gothelf Anita , Bernsdorf Mogens , Friborg Jeppe , Kristensen Claus A.
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose: The randomised clinical trial KEYNOTE-048 has demonstrated a significant increase in survival for patients with head and neck cancer treated with pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy. The purpose of the present retrospective study was to investigate whether survival in a group of consecutive patients treated at our department was comparable to the results from KEYNOTE-048.
Patients/material and methods: Seventy-six patients initiated treatment with pembrolizumab ± platinum/5-FU between July 2020 and May 2022. Baseline characteristics were collected, response rates and survival times were calculated and compared to those published from KEYNOTE-048.
Results and Interpretation: Fifty-one percent of patients had locoregional recurrence and 47% had distant metastases. Median progression-free survival was 5.5 months, and median overall survival (OS) was 12.3 months in the total cohort. OS was significantly higher for patients with combined positive score (CPS) ≥20 (14.6 months) than for patients with CPS 1–19 (7.3 months) (p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in survival times between patients ± 65 years of age or between patients with locoregional disease versus distant metastases. In conclusion, the results from KEYNOTE-048 were corroborated in a consecutive cohort of patients treated at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Monasterios femeninos e inquisicion en Chile: una pregunta pendiente. El caso de la agustina Jacoba y el comisario Melchor Calderon (1596)
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes, Instituto de Historia, Chile, Cordero Fernandez Macarena , De La Taille Tretinville Alexandrine ,   Universidad de los Andes, Instituto de Historia, Chile
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo se propone abordar un caso ocurrido a finales del siglo XVI en Santiago de Chile, cuando recien empezaban a instalarse los primeros monasterios femeninos. Concretamente, se trata de las tribulaciones de una joven monja de velo blanco del Monasterio de las Agustinas de la Limpia Concepcion, que corre el riesgo de ser juzgada por la Inquisicion. En este contexto, esta investigacion propone la aproximacion historica a una fuente recientemente descubierta en su totalidad en el Archivo Historico Nacional de Madrid. Asi, se trata de dar a conocer y poner en su valor el registro inquisitorial en su novedad y singularidad, por tratarse de un caso concreto, en el que un comisario de la Inquisicion se relaciona directamente con una monja de clausura: la agustina Jacoba de San Jose. Si bien el historiador Jose Toribio Medina alude al caso en Historia del Tribunal del Santo Oficio en Chile, realiza solo una transcripcion parcial del documento. Por lo mismo, el presente trabajo busca aquilatar su verdadera dimension desde un abordaje en dos niveles convergentes: vida de clausura e Inquisicion. Ademas, el hecho de contar con el documento completo cobra especial relevancia tambien por tratarse de una de las pocas fuentes directas de los primeros anos de vida de las agustinas del Reino de Chile.
Retorica misionera e idolatria en la Maravillosa, reduccion y conquista de la Provincia de San Joseph del Gran Nayar, del jesuita Jose de Ortega (1754)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Jimenez Gomez Ismael
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo propone analizar algunas caracteristicas sobresalientes de la retorica contenida en la obra Maravillosa, reduccion y conquista de la Provincia de San Joseph del Gran Nayar (1754) escrita por el jesuita Jose Ortega, misionero de la sierra nayarita. Esta se ubicaba en las puertas del septentrion novohispano y era administrada, en el ramo espiritual, por la Provincia Mexicana de la Compania de Jesus. Entre las figuras discursivas mas relevantes, destacaba un discurso que daba cuenta del despliegue de algunas estrategias pastorales centradas en el proceso de la extirpacion idolatrica. Dicho argumento, que se sustentaba en la descripcion de las practicas perpetradas por algunos individuos de importante prestigio, buscaba la legitimacion de la labor misionera en dicho territorio.
Del equipamiento politico del territorio a la configuracion de la provincia. Gobierno jurisdiccional y produccion del espacio, Mendoza (Rio de la Plata-Argentina, 1773-1859)
Authors:   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)/Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, Argentina, Molina Eugenia
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo analiza desde el caso de Mendoza, como las practicas de gobierno jurisdiccionales aportaron a la configuracion de las provincias como espacios politicos que, si conservaron herencias coloniales, fueron densamente atravesadas por el legado revolucionario. La hipotesis considera que este estudio puede servir para comprender el proceso de provincializacion en tanto las practicas gubernamentales requerian el desplazamiento de sus agentes, relevamientos de terrenos y resolucion en lo cotidiano de problemas diversos, construyendo espacialidad empiricamente y ofreciendo informacion para la toma de decisiones a las autoridades. Con una metodologia descriptiva se intenta dar cuenta del modo en que la experiencia de gobierno territorial, las modalidades de los vinculos comunitarios y las relaciones con otras espacialidades (eclesiastica) y territorialidades (indigenas), se articularon en diversas coyunturas politicas. Se trabaja con fuentes editas y originales conservadas en el Archivo General de la Provincia de Mendoza.
Ciudades intermedias en Colombia durante el siglo XX: balance bibliografico de historia urbana
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Comunicaciones y Filologia, Jose Cardenas Juan ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellin, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas, Colombia
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo es un balance bibliografico de la historia urbana producida en Colombia sobre el desarrollo de las actuales ciudades intermedias a lo largo del siglo XX. A partir de un corpus compuesto por 41 textos que dan cuenta del desarrollo urbano de 21 ciudades intermedias a lo largo del siglo XX, se construyeron 4 grupos tematicos para categorizar a estos textos en funcion del enfoque que le dieron a su objeto de estudio (el espacio urbano): el primer grupo tenia como principal enfoque la politica, el segundo la economia, el tercero lo social y el cuarto aspectos culturales. Los resultados muestran gran diversidad en los temas y enfoques que se toman desde la historia urbana para dar cuenta del desarrollo urbano de las actuales ciudades intermedias en Colombia durante el siglo XX y como algunas ciudades como Pereira o Manizales son mucho mas estudiadas que otras ciudades intermedias.
Nuevas escalas urbanas, vivienda social e identidades territoriales en el estudio de las periferias del Santiago de Chile desarrollista
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Instituto de Estudios Urbanos y Territoriales, Chile, Alvarez Bravo Paulo , Riquelme Galvez Oscar ,   Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Ciencias Historicas, Chile
Published: January 2025

El articulo aborda la historia urbana de Santiago de Chile a traves de dos dimensiones y enfoques metodologicos en el analisis de espacios metropolitanos especificos. Ambos enfoques se centran en la evolucion de areas de Santiago que, inicialmente consideradas residuales, se han transformado en lugares residenciales con identidades propias. Mientras el primero de los espacios, la zona surponiente de la capital, fue discutido y analizado desde fuentes historicas institucionales, ligadas al constructo socioeconomico que explica su derrotero, el segundo espacio, ubicado en la zona oriente de la capital, contiene una descripcion y corpus analitico proveniente de fuentes ligada primordialmente a los estudios socioculturales. Ambas miradas ofrecen perspectivas complementarias sobre la historia urbana de Santiago, ilustrando como diferentes enfoques metodologicos pueden revelar diversas facetas de la transformacion urbana. Todo ello en medio de una heuristica que consolida el valor y significado de la interdisciplinariedad de fuentes y saberes en que este articulo se inscribe.
De l’instabilite en economie et en gestion
Authors:   Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins/Pantheon-Assas Universite, France, Redslob Alain , Marcu Laura ,   Valahia University of Targoviste, Rumania
Published: January 2025

Si les theories visent a les abstraire, les faits priment toujours, parce qu’ils exhalent la vie, et non ce qu’elle pourrait et/ou devrait etre. En consequence, faits et theories devoilent leurs propres fragilites, les premiers parce que la vie, en particulier economique, n’est que succession alternee d’aleas et de volontes, les secondes parce qu’elles s’echinent a esquisser des structures formelles, mathematisees ou non. Ceci pose, l’instabilite est de tous les instants ; consubstantielle a la vie, elle envahit toutes les disciplines scientifiques, et appelle, par suite, des correctifs qui ne garantissent pas pour autant le retour a la stabilite. Ce sont les circonstances et l’acuite des actions qui en decident la plupart du temps. C’est avouer que les angles d’approche de ce theme de reflexion sont multiples. Amoureux d’histoire et epris de cartesianisme, nous avons ici aborde trois aspects : l’impermanence de l’histoire, les incertitudes contemporaines et l’inexperience manageriale.
Ischemic Stroke with Dissection of Vessel: Features of Course, Diagnosis and Treatment (Case Report)
Authors:   M. P. Konchalovsky City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Health Department, Gritsanchuk Aleksandr M. , Bezlepko Aleksandr V. ,   M. P. Konchalovsky City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Health Department, Muslimov Bagautdin H. ,   M. P. Konchalovsky City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Health Department, Yushkova Anastasiya P. ,   M. P. Konchalovsky City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Health Department, Pchel’nikova Diana A. ,   M. P. Konchalovsky City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow City Health Department
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: The article considers an issue of one of poorly studied mechanisms of initiation, development and treatment of ischemic stroke resulting from dissection of the internal carotid artery. To date, there is no clear sequence of actions to determine indications for surgical treatment of dissections, and the available algorithms are controversial. Absence of universally accepted approaches to the treatment of patients with this pathology stimulates a detailed investigation of the problem and ways to solve it. A clinical example of diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke in the acute period, which occurred in result of dissection and thrombosis of the internal carotid artery, is given. On this example, the sequence of diagnostic process and its role in selection of the pharmaceutical and surgical treatment is considered. The role of the cerebral angiography in the diagnosis of dissection is evaluated.
CONCLUSIONS: The operative and coordinated work of the multidisciplinary team in the examination of a neurologic patient permits to rapidly and fully examine a patient and make a decision on the tactics of his treatment. A timely comprehensive treatment of acute ischemic stroke accompanied by dissection of a cerebral vessel, in turn, permits to reduce the ischemic focus and improve the prognosis of the disease.
Socio-Hygienic Features of Health of Adolescents of Pre-Conscription and Conscription Age
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University, Belyakova Ekaterina V. , Liferov Ruslan A. ,   Ryazan State Medical University
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: Maintaining and strengthening health, forming a healthy lifestyle have always been the key issues in society. The health of the population is an indicator of the civilization of the state, which reflects the level of its socioeconomic development, the main criterion for the reasonability and effectiveness of all spheres of human activity. The state of health of adolescents of pre-conscription and draft age is one of the key problems of medicine, since the health of military personnel is to a large extent a future guarantor of national security. This is relevant not only for the military departments that ensure defense and security, but also for the country as a whole, as the health parameters of pre-conscription youth continue to deteriorate.
AIM: to analyze and highlight the socio-hygienic features of the health of adolescents of pre-conscription and conscription age.
The search for literary sources was conducted in eLibrary.RU and PubMed electronic systems using the main terms of the topic: health of pre-conscripts and conscripts, health; adolescents; conscription age; pre-conscription age, criteria for the socio-hygienic characteristics of conscripts' health. The analysis of publications has been carried out over the past 20 years. The criterion for including the source in the review was the simultaneous mention of several keywords in the article.
CONCLUSION: Thus, the main diseases identified in determining the suitability of adolescent boys for military service are diseases of the respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, endocrine system, diseases of the eye and adnexa. It is advisable that the results of the study of the health status of adolescents of pre-conscription and conscription age be used to analyze the prevalence and dynamics of risk factors for their health disorders, to study their relationship with adverse socio-hygienic factors of vital activity, and to plan priority areas for improving provision of the population with medical care, including preventive and therapeutic one.
Grassroots Key Performance Indicators: A Contribution to the Monitoring and Evaluation of Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Initiatives in Higher Education
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Theory and Fundamentals of Education, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil, Oliveira Ruggi Lennita , Duvvury Nata ,   Senior Lecturer, Director of Centre for Global Women’s Studies, School of Political Science, University of Galway, Ireland
Published: January 2025

This article summarises a frame of grassroots Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that centres on everyday transformation, displacing the opportunistic use of equality, diversity and inclusion (EDI) initiatives as marketing tools. It is based on ethnographic research conducted at the University of Galway (Ireland) from 2018 to 2021. Instead of focusing on the development of KPIs within the policy field or by a panel of experts, the paper fleshes out the collective attempts of rank-and-file staff to judge if, how, and to what extent EDI initiatives have changed the university. Evidence shows that several indicators are effective and already operational amongst staff. Grassroots KPIs serve a dual function: assessing change and expanding EDI goals.
Performative to Transformative: Implementing Authentic Diversity and Inclusion Training in Higher Education
Authors:   “EMPOWER!” Public Health Innovation Program Manager, Kinesiology & Health Promotion, College of Education, University of Kentucky, United States of America, El-Amin Abeni
Published: January 2025

This exploratory conceptual review addresses the challenges between performative diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) in higher education and authentic DEIB training practices. Performative diversity is utilized to express an assurance to DEIB implementation and execution. Conversely, in doing so, performative diversity neglects to provide strategic visioning, planning, investment, policy directives, actions, or empowered individuals to develop and sustain racial equity. Performatives are procedural social practices sanctioned to avoid potential litigation or discontent from clients or stakeholders. A further consideration is how higher education can effectively use online DEIB training strategies to help institutions effectively implement DEIB initiatives and programs. As a result, critical progress has been made in incorporating innovative online DEIB training methods, which are proven to transform learning and DEIB training processes.
Anticipatory Homesickness, Resilience, and Psychological Distress among Commencing Medical Students
Authors:   Associate Professor, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, Bond Malcolm J. , Carr Sandra E. ,   Professor, Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Australia,, Prior Kirsty N. ,   Lecturer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide Australia, Frost Linda K. ,   Student Policy and Integrity Advisor, Academic Quality and Enhancement, Adelaide, Australia, Sladek Ruth M. ,   Senior Lecturer, Prideaux Centre for Research in Health Professions Education, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Published: January 2025

Successful adaptation to new surroundings can be restricted by the experience of anticipatory homesickness. This may be particularly compromising in a high-stake learning environment such as medicine. This study sought to record the prevalence of anticipatory homesickness among commencing medical students, its association with psychological distress, and whether resilience mediates this association. A questionnaire comprising sociodemographic details, and items concerning homesickness, resilience and psychological distress was completed by graduate entry students at two Australian universities who had relocated to commence their medical studies (N = 75, 64% women). Psychological distress was negatively related to resilience and positively related to anticipatory homesickness. Only one resilience measure (Perception of Self) was related to anticipatory homesickness, but it demonstrated full mediation such that psychological distress was evident only in the presence of low Perception of Self. Screening and subsequent preventative programs targeting self-perception may be an appropriate check on wellbeing, enabling timely intervention to reduce psychological distress and potential adverse academic outcomes. Potential programs are discussed through the lens of social inclusion.
El regreso a la lealtad: panorama del empleo público federal en el obradorismo
Authors: Pardo López María del Carmen , Nieto Morales Fernando
Published: January 2025

La llegada de Andrés Manuel López Obrador al poder marcó un quiebre con la trayectoria de reformas administrativas impulsadas por los gobiernos de México desde la alternancia democrática. En el ámbito del empleo público y su profesionalización, este quiebre se manifestó en la profundización del abandono del servicio civil de carrera, la marginación de la burocracia tradicional y la reasignación de recursos hacia programas prioritarios para el gobierno. Los cambios resultaron en un deterioro tanto de las condiciones de trabajo como de las remuneraciones de los servidores públicos federales. Estas cuestiones reflejan, por un lado, una honda desconfianza y un desdén hacia la burocracia federal dentro del proyecto político gobernante y, por otro, una apuesta por retornar a un sistema basado en la lealtad política, priorizándola frente a consideraciones como el mérito profesional y la igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso y la permanencia en el servicio público. Este artículo analiza estos cambios y discute sus implicaciones.
Mixted Optimization With Multi-Peaks Diet for Controlling the Glycemic Profil of the Diabetic Patients
Authors: Moutaouakil Karim El , Ez-Zaiym Mustapha , Ouissari Abdellatif El , Rajafilla Chaymae , Baizri Hicham
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop an efficient glucose management system based on an original control model with mixed constraints (dynamic and static constraints) to manage diets with several thresholds, using Bergman’s minimal model and Fischer’s meal models.
 
Theoretical Framework: Personalized and healthy diets play a significant role in controlling the progression of diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Existing glucose management methods are predominantly based on dynamic mathemati- cal models and focus on diets with a single peak. However, diets with multiple thresholds better reflect realistic dietary patterns and enable more comprehen- sive glucose control.
 
Method: The proposed model combines two key components: an objective function that minimizes the total error between the basic and generated glucose and the quantity of diet, and constraints that incorporate dynamic differential equations (Bergman’s minimal model) and static constraints representing the interval between two sensitive meals. To solve this model, the integral in the objective function is discretized using the trapezoidal rule, and dynamic con- straints are approximated using the Euler-Cauchy method. A genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the resulting static model. Several study cases, including global, partial, and one-off scenarios, are considered.
 
Results and Discussion: Numerical simulations demonstrate that the pro- posed system effectively estimates sufficient personalized diets, grading the glycemic profile within a defined confidence zone. This approach accounts for three critical dimensions: the quantity of food, its distribution, and the intervals between successive meals. Optimal management of these parameters results in maximum dietary intake, low glucose generation, and minimal insulin secretion, enabling diabetics to maintain a near-normal lifestyle.
 
Research Implications: This study provides a realistic and innovative frame- work for glucose management, considering the complexities of real-life dietary patterns. It highlights the significance of integrating dynamic and static con- straints in glucose control systems and contributes to the design of personalized dietary strategies for individuals with diabetes.
 
Originality/Value: This work contributes to the literature by introducing a novel glucose management system that considers diets with multiple thresholds, enabling better control of glycemic profiles and improving the quality of life for individuals with diabetes.