bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural flavonoids as promising lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors: Comprehensive in vitro and in silico analysis
Authors: Yırtıcı Ümit
Published: July 2024

The inhibitory potential of 17 flavonoids on lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a key enzyme in the downstream process of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, is investigated. Fisetin exhibited excellent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.066 µM). Quercetin 3‐β‐D‐glucoside, quercetin 3‐galactoside, luteolin, neoeriocitrin, and luteolin 7‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside showed good inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.397–15.730 µM). Biochanin A, baicalein, quercetin, scutellarein‐7‐glucuronide, diosmetin, baicalein 7‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronide, and apigenin 7‐apioglucoside demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 33.007–86.643 µM). Eriodictyol, quercetin 7‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, apigenin 7‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, and epicatechin were inactive. The Lineweaver–Burk plot showed that fisetin competitively inhibits NADH binding (Ki = 0.024 µM). Ki values for other compounds were calculated using the Cheng–Prusoff equation (Ki = 0.2799–2.1661 µM). The study revealed that the inhibitory effect of flavonoids varies with the number and position of OH groups and bound sugars. Molecular docking analyses indicated that flavonoids exhibited strong interactions with the NADH binding site of LDHA through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamic simulations tested the stability of the fisetin‐LDHA complex over 100 ns and showed fisetin's high binding affinity to LDHA, maintaining strong hydrogen bonds. The binding energy of fisetin with LDHA was −33.928 kcal/mol, indicating its effectiveness as an LDHA inhibitor. Consequently, flavonoids identified as strong inhibitors could be potential cancer treatment sources through LDHA inhibition.
Multilayer Porous Fe/Co‐N‐MWCNT Electrocatalyst For Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ma Lijuan , Wang Han , Zang Jing , Wang Xinna , Li Hao , Li Yanwei , Li Yanhui
Published: July 2024

The design of efficient, stable, low‐cost non‐precious metal‐based electrocatalysts with enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity has garnered significant attention in the scientific community. This study introduces a novel electrocatalyst, Fe/Co‐N‐MWCNT, synthesized through the in‐situ growth of ZIF‐8 and Fe/Co‐Phen on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), followed by pyrolysis at varying temperatures to optimize its properties. The inclusion of Fe and Co during the pyrolysis process facilitated the creation of metal active sites and Fe−Co, enhancing electron transfer and ORR activity. Compared to Pt/C (E1/2=0.854 V, JL=4.90 mA cm−2), Fe/Co‐N‐MWCNT exhibited a similar half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.812 V) and an improved limiting current density (JL=5.37 mA cm−2). Moreover, Fe/Co‐N‐MWCNT displayed remarkable stability, showing only a 7 mV negative shift in E1/2 after 2000 cycles. Ampere response testing indicated a current decay of only 7.8 % for Fe/Co‐N‐MWCNT after 10000 s, while Pt/C experienced a decay of about 18.4 %. The exceptional catalytic stability of Fe/Co‐N‐MWCNT positions it as a promising candidate for rechargeable zinc‐air batteries, attributed to its high pyridinic nitrogen content, unique structure, and abundant metal active sites.
An Azaryl‐Ketone‐Based Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorophore with Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Slow Efficiency Roll‐Offs
Authors: Chen Wen‐Cheng , Su Yaozu , Wu Xiaohui , Wang Ruicheng , Jin Jia‐Ming , Zheng Fan , Liu Xiao‐Long , Zhang Yuzhen , He Nian , Sun Yuxi , Zeng Qingming , Huo Yanping
Published: July 2024

Achieving the concurrent manifestation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) within a single molecular system is highly sought after for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), yet remains rare. In this study, we present a novel TADF‐AIE dye, named PQMO‐PXZ, which has been designed, synthesized, and systematically characterized. Our comprehensive investigation, which includes structural analysis, theoretical calculations, and optical studies, evaluates the potential of PQMO‐PXZ for integration into OLEDs. Unlike existing azaryl‐ketone‐based emitters, PQMO‐PXZ exhibits red‐shifted emission and enhanced luminescence efficiency, due to its rigid structure and strong intramolecular charge transfer characteristics. Significantly, PQMO‐PXZ demonstrates pronounced AIE properties and TADF with a short delayed lifetime. When utilized as the emissive core, OLED devices based on PQMO‐PXZ achieve a respectable external quantum efficiency of up to 11.8 % with minimal efficiency roll‐off, underscoring PQMO‐PXZ's promise as a highly efficient candidate for OLED applications.
Statistical Analysis of Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation: Correlation of Gas Composition, Electrochemical Data and Performance
Authors: Klick Sebastian , Graff Karl Martin , Stahl Gereon , Figgemeier Egbert , Sauer Dirk Uwe
Published: July 2024

The SEI is a crucial yet little understood component of lithium‐ion batteries. The specific formation processes creating the SEI are still a matter of current research. In our paper, we analyse the electrochemical processes by incremental capacity analysis (ICA) and correlate these results with the evolved gas species and subsequent performance of the cells. 101 cells in total divided in three groups with different electrolytes performed a formation cycle. Afterwards gas‐samples of half of the cells were extracted for analysis. We found a good correlation between variations of gas composition and noticeable ICA‐data. Furthermore we explore correlations between formation and initial cell performance after a total of 10 cycles. Our results open new possibilities for a better understanding of formation processes.
On the Selection of the Current Collector for Water Processed Activated Carbon Electrodes for Their Application in Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Luís Paulo , Martin‐Fuentes Silvia , Arnaiz María , Ajuria Jon
Published: July 2024

Electrode manufacturing for electrochemical energy storage technologies often relies on hazardous fluorine‐containing compounds and toxic organic solvents. To align with sustainability goals and reduce costs, there is a pressing need for water‐processable alternatives. These alternatives can halve electrode processing costs and ease regulatory burdens. While progress has been made with water‐processed graphite electrodes using eco‐friendly binders, challenges persist for high‐mass loading activated carbon (AC) electrodes. This study investigates the impact of modified aluminium current collectors on water‐processed AC electrodes, focusing on compatibility, processability, and electrochemical performance. Various aluminium foils, including etched and carbon‐coated types, were evaluated. The results show that modifications at the interface significantly improve the wetting properties and mechanical stability. Electrochemical tests revealed that carbon‐coated aluminium provided the lowest internal resistance and highest rate capability due to intimate contact between the electrode components. In contrast, etched aluminium foil exhibited higher contact resistance and poorer performance. Ageing studies demonstrated that carbon‐coated foils maintained better electrochemical performance over time, as the carbon layer reduced degradation reactions and contact resistance. These findings suggest that uniformly carbon‐coated aluminium current collectors are the optimal choice for high‐power electrochemical capacitors, balancing performance, sustainability, and cost‐efficiency.
Exploitation of erythrosine B as a fluorometric marker for lurasidone determination through electrostatic attraction; application to content uniformity test
Authors: Elhamdy Hadeer A. , Oraby Mohamed , Derayea Sayed M. , Badr El‐Din Khalid M.
Published: July 2024

A recently developed antipsychotic drug, lurasidone, was determined using a simple, sensitive, and eco‐friendly spectrofluorimetric approach. The suggested approach was based on the quantifiable quenching impact of lurasidone on the inherent fluorescence of erythrosine B in an acidic environment employing a Teorell–Stenhagen buffer (pH 4). Following excitation at 530 nm, the quenching of erythrosine B fluorescence was monitored at 552 nm. The system variables were systematically optimized to enhance the formation of the lurasidone‐erythrosine B ion pair for analytical purposes. A linear calibration graph was built in the range of 20–600 ng mL−1 with 0.9998 as a coefficient of correlation. The quantitation and detection limits were 13.5 and 4.5 ng/mL, respectively. The analytical validity of the designed approach was assessed with respect to International Council on Harmonization (ICH) guiding principles. The proposed methodology was employed with high recoveries for assessing lurasidone in bulk powder and its therapeutic tablet dosage form. Additionally, the uniformity of tablet formulations was tested using the developed approach. Finally, the established approach was assessed for its greenness using various tools.
Advancements in nanobody generation: Integrating conventional, in silico, and machine learning approaches
Authors: Reddy D Jagadeeswara , Guntuku Girijasankar , Palla Mary Sulakshana
Published: July 2024

Nanobodies, derived from camelids and sharks, offer compact, single‐variable heavy‐chain antibodies with diverse biomedical potential. This review explores their generation methods, including display techniques on phages, yeast, or bacteria, and computational methodologies. Integrating experimental and computational approaches enhances understanding of nanobody structure and function. Future trends involve leveraging next‐generation sequencing, machine learning, and artificial intelligence for efficient candidate selection and predictive modeling. The convergence of traditional and computational methods promises revolutionary advancements in precision biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and diagnostics. Embracing these technologies accelerates nanobody development, driving transformative breakthroughs in biomedicine and paving the way for precision medicine and biomedical innovation.
Molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer in the era of precision oncotherapy: Current inspirations and future challenges
Authors: Dang Qin , Zuo Lulu , Hu Xinru , Zhou Zhaokai , Chen Shuang , Liu Shutong , Ba Yuhao , Zuo Anning , Xu Hui , Weng Siyuan , Zhang Yuyuan , Luo Peng , Cheng Quan , Liu Zaoqu , Han Xinwei
Published: July 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most hackneyed malignancies. Even patients with identical clinical symptoms and the same TNM stage still exhibit radically different clinical outcomes after receiving equivalent treatment regimens, indicating extensive heterogeneity of CRC. Myriad molecular subtypes of CRC have been exploited for decades, including the most compelling consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification that has been broadly applied for patient stratification and biomarker‐drug combination formulation. Encountering barriers to clinical translation, however, CMS classification fails to fully reflect inter‐ or intra‐tumor heterogeneity of CRC. As a consequence, addressing heterogeneity and precisely managing CRC patients with unique characteristics remain arduous tasks for clinicians.

Review

In this review, we systematically summarize molecular subtypes of CRC and further elaborate on their clinical applications, limitations, and future orientations.

Conclusion

In recent years, exploration of subtypes through cell lines, animal models, patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs), organoids, and clinical trials contributes to refining biological insights and unraveling subtype‐specific therapies in CRC. Therapeutic interventions including nanotechnology, clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), gut microbiome, and liquid biopsy are powerful tools with the possibility to shift the immunologic landscape and outlook for CRC precise medicine.
Characterizing multi‐PIK3CA mutations across cancer types: Toward precision oncology
Authors: Nakamura Kohei , Ishikawa Marin , Kawano Ryutaro , Aimono Eriko , Mizuno Takaaki , Nohara Sachio , Tanishima Shigeki , Hayashi Hideyuki , Nishihara Hiroshi ,   The Keio PleSSision Group
Published: July 2024

Background

PIK3CA mutations are implicated in various cancers, but the implications of multiple concurrent mutations and their orientations within the gene have not been fully explored.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed multi‐PIK3CA mutations across a diverse pan‐cancer cohort comprising 3564 tumors.

Results

Multi‐PIK3CA mutations were present in 10.3% of all PIK3CA‐mutant tumors, predominantly occurring in breast and gynecological cancers. Notably, mutations within the helical domain (E542:E545) exclusively occurred in the trans‐orientation, contrasting with mutations in the kinase ABD and C2 domains, which mainly appeared in the cis orientation.

Conclusions

The distinct pattern of mutation orientations in PIK3CA suggests variable oncogenic potential, with helical domain mutations in the trans‐orientation potentially being less oncogenic. These findings highlight the importance of mutation orientation in the PIK3CA gene as potential biomarkers for targeted therapy. This understanding is crucial for designing clinical trials that leverage PI3K inhibitors, aiming for more effective and precise cancer treatment.
Sulfur Vacancies are the Active Sites in the Iron Sulfide Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Naphthalene
Authors: Bai Yang , Yao Yahui , Tian Lei , Yang Yong , Zhang Cuijuan , Guo Qiang , Liu Yuan
Published: July 2024

Iron sulfide catalysts could boost the hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and have been widely employed in direct coal liquefaction owing to their low price and good activity. In the past, the Fe deficient structure on Fe1−xS was normally considered as the active site. Herein, the promotion effect of S vacancies on the performance in the naphthalene hydrogenation reaction was revealed. Additional S vacancies on the prepared Fe1−xS catalyst were introduced by a heat‐treatment under H2. Multiple characterization techniques verified that the density of S vacancies on catalyst surface increased with the prolonged H2 treatment time, while the Fe deficient structure displayed an opposite trend. The performance in the hydrogenation of naphthalene to tetralin was used to evaluate the catalyst activity. It was found that the sequence of naphthalene conversion over catalysts was consistent with the corresponding content of S vacancies, indicating that S vacancies were more efficient active sites. DFT calculation results revealed that both molecular H2 and naphthalene exhibited a pronounced inclination towards adsorption on S vacancies as compared to intact surface of Fe1−xS. The increasing amount of S vacancies facilitated the adsorption of reactants and the weakening of naphthalene C−C bonds.
New Test Setup for On‐Site Testing of Gas Cleaning Catalysts
Authors: Girod Kai , Wiesmann Thomas , Suh Sung Youn , Zeidler‐Fandrich Barbara
Published: July 2024

A new catalyst test setup on miniplant‐scale was planned and built. The setup enables the use of real process gases in the environment of a steel mill or related application and the utilization of synthetic gases with a wide range of gas compositions including trace compounds to investigate the operational limits of gas cleaning catalysts. First investigations focus on oxygen removal from real coke oven gas (COG). The concept not only addresses effects of scale and heat management but also emphasizes the use of real process gases for application‐oriented catalyst development in industrial settings.
A holistic approach for assessing occupational health risk due to fugitive emissions in petrochemical processes: Inherent health hazard level index (IHHLI)
Authors: Alhamdani Yousef A. , Hassim Mimi H. , Shaik Salim M.
Published: July 2024

Fugitive emissions from petrochemical facilities have become a major concern due to their impact on plant productivity, the environment, and health. In regard to health, petrochemical workers are at higher occupational health (OH) risk due to their continuous exposure to these harmful emissions. Inherent OH and safety indexes are the most common methods used for assessing OH risk due to fugitive emissions. These methods usually focus on the sources of health hazards, such as chemical substances, process conditions, and process equipment. Therefore, these methods are considered good for measuring the severity of the OH risk. However, based on the source, pathway, receptor (SPR) model, the OH risk due to fugitive emissions is also dependent on the pathway and receptor, where leak and exposure hazards may take place, respectively. For a holistic OH risk assessment, these hazards need to be considered. This was achieved by developing an OH risk assessment methodology that provides an effective assessment that takes into consideration hazards at the source, pathway, and receptor. This paper focuses on the source part of the SPR model, while the pathway and receptor parts will be covered in future publications. This paper presents an index‐based method named the inherent health hazard level index (IHHLI) developed for evaluating the severity of the fugitive emission‐induced OH risk. The IHHLI is developed by an expert‐based selection of the most common and relevant health hazard indicators published in the literature. Based on industry testing, the IHHLI can provide a reliable OH hazard evaluation.
Printing organic‐field effect transistors from semiconducting polymers and branched polyethylene
Authors: Mason Gage T. , Skaf Daniella , Roy Anindya L. , Hussein Rahaf Nafez , Gomes Tiago Carneiro , Landry Eric , Xiang Peng , Walus Konrad , Carmichael Tricia Breen , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon
Published: July 2024

Organic electroactive materials, particularly semiconducting polymers, are at the forefront of emerging organic electronics. Among the plethora of unique features, the possibility to formulate inks out of these materials is particularly promising for the large‐scale manufacturing of electronics at lower cost on a variety of soft substrates. While solution deposition of semiconducting materials is promising for developing printed electronics, the environmental footprint of the materials and related devices needs to be considered to achieve sustainable manufacturing. Towards the development of greener printed electronics, this work investigates the utilization of a non‐toxic, environmentally‐friendly solvent, namely branched polyethylene (BPE), to formulate semiconducting inks. Focusing on a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based (DPP) semiconducting polymer, shellac as dielectric, and BPE as the solvent, solutions were prepared in different concentrations and their rheological properties were characterized. Then, printing on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using two different techniques was performed to fabricate organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Both printing techniques yielded OFETs with good performance and device characteristics, averaging approximately 10−2 and 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, for slot‐die coating and direct‐ink writing deposition. Notably, despite some difference in threshold voltages, OFETs produced via slot‐die coating and direct‐ink writing showed comparable charge mobilities to previously reported OFETs prepared from similar materials, particularly those prepared on silicon dioxide wafers. Overall, this work confirms the suitability of BPE to formulate semiconducting inks to develop printed electronics in a greener manner. The printing methodology developed in this work also open new avenues for the design of functional printed electronics and related technologies.
Comparative Analysis of PCI Strategies in Aortic Stenosis Patients Undergoing TAVI: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fallahtafti Parisa , Soleimani Hamidreza , Ebrahimi Pouya , Ghaseminejad‐Raeini Amirhossein , Karimi Elaheh , Shirinezhad Amirhossein , Sabri Mahshad , Mehrani Mehdi , Taheri Homa , Siegel Robert , Shah Neeraj , Nanna Michael , Hakim Diaa , Hosseini Kaveh
Published: July 2024

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been increasingly used in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Since coronary artery disease (CAD) is common among these patients, it is crucial to choose the best method and timing of revascularization. This study aims to compare different timing strategies of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI to clarify whether PCI timing affects the patients' outcomes or not.

Methods

A frequentist network meta‐analysis was conducted comparing three different revascularization strategies in patients with CAD undergoing TAVI. The 30‐day all‐cause mortality, in‐hospital mortality, all‐cause mortality at 1 year, 30‐day rates of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and major bleeding, and the need for pacemaker implantation at 6 months were analyzed in this study.

Results

Our meta‐analysis revealed that PCI during TAVI had higher 30‐day mortality (RR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.40–4.32) and in‐hospital mortality (RR = 1.70, 95% CI = [1.08–2.69]) compared to no PCI. Post‐TAVI PCI was associated with higher 1‐year mortality compared to other strategies. While no significant differences in major bleeding or stroke were observed, PCI during TAVI versus no PCI (RR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.27–10.43) showed a higher rate of 30‐day MI.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that among patients with severe AS and CAD undergoing TAVI, PCI concomitantly with TAVI seems to be associated with worse 30‐day outcomes compared with no PCI. PCI after TAVI demonstrated an increased risk of 1‐year mortality compared to alternative strategies. Choosing a timing strategy should be individualized based on patient characteristics and procedural considerations.
An efficient multi‐scale large asymmetric‐kernel network for lightweight image super‐resolution
Authors: Fang Jinsheng , Lin Hanjiang , Zhao Jianglong , Zeng Kun
Published: July 2024

Recently, lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on single image super‐resolution (SISR) tasks have received impressive improvement with delicate structures. However, numerous lightweight methods may reduce the representation capacity of the network due to decreasing the model size and computational complexities, leading to unsatisfactory performance. In this paper, we propose an efficient multi‐scale large asymmetric‐kernel network (MLAN) for lightweight SISR. Specifically, MLAN is built with a succession of feature cross extraction blocks (FCEBs), which better models local and long‐range interactive information of features for SR. Each of the FCEB contains a multi‐scale asymmetric large‐kernel attention block (MACAB) by using multiple convolutional kernels to extract features in different receptive fields and a gated mechanism to preserve the useful information for SR. Extensive experimental results on five public benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of MLAN over the other advanced lightweight SISR competitors. The average PSNR values are about 0.12, 0.17 and 0.11 dB greater than the second‐best competitors under scaling factors of ×2, ×3 and ×4, respectively. The proposed efficient blocks enable our MLAN to make a better balance between model size and performance and achieve comparable performance with Transformer‐based methods at a similar level of parameters.
Inheritance of seed, flower, and anther colors and their linkage in diverse flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes
Authors: Hoque Ahasanul , Shaikh T. M. , Rahman Mukhlesur
Published: July 2024

Breeders need to mine the underlying genes of target traits for their improvement before the inception of the breeding program. We conducted this research to decipher the number of genes along with their interactions and linkage for seed color, flower color, and anther color, and to show the reflection of genetic divergence on phenotypic variations in segregating populations by crossing diverse flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes. Seed color showed maternal effect and appeared to be controlled by two and three independent genes having dominant, duplicate, and dominant epistatic interactions varying according to cross combinations. The flower and anther color were controlled by one and two independent genes showing dominant and duplicate interactions. We observed a strong genetic linkage among seed, flower, and anther color genes. We also found that the incorporation of diverse parents in crossing resulted in more phenotypic variation, which included new phenotypic classes other than parents in the segregating population for seed color. This research will facilitate indirect selection and help in developing markers for marker‐assisted selection in flax breeding program.
Sox21 homeologs autoregulate expression levels to control progression through neurogenesis
Authors: Damuth Dillon L. , Cunningham Doreen D. , Silva Elena M.
Published: July 2024

The SRY HMG box transcription factor Sox21 plays multiple critical roles in neurogenesis, with its function dependent on concentration and developmental stage. In the allotetraploid Xenopus laevis, there are two homeologs of sox21, namely sox21.S and sox21.L. Previous studies focused on Sox21.S, but its amino acid sequence is divergent, lacking conserved poly‐A stretches and bearing more similarity with ancestral homologs. In contrast, Sox21.L shares higher sequence similarity with mouse and chick Sox21. To determine if Sox21.S and Sox21.L have distinct functions, we conducted gain and loss‐of‐function studies in Xenopus embryos. Our studies revealed that Sox21.S and Sox21.L are functionally redundant, but Sox21.L is more effective at driving changes than Sox21.S. These results also support our earlier findings in ectodermal explants, demonstrating that Sox21 function is dose‐dependent. While Sox21 is necessary for primary neuron formation, high levels prevent their formation. Strikingly, these proteins autoregulate, with high levels of Sox21.L reducing sox21.S and sox21.L mRNA levels, and decreased Sox21.S promoting increased expression of sox21.L. Our findings shed light on the intricate concentration‐dependent roles of Sox21 homeologs in Xenopus neurogenesis.
Underwater soundscape in Seaview Bay, Antarctica, and triple ascending trill of the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) underwater vocalizations
Authors: Han Dong‐Gyun , Choi Jee Woong , Kim Jong‐U , Kim Jeong‐Hoon , La Hyoung Sul
Published: July 2024

The underwater soundscape was recorded in Seaview Bay off Inexpressible Island, Ross Sea region Marine protected area, for 3 days in December 2021. Leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx vocalizations were a prominent sound source that led to variations in ambient sound pressure levels in a frequency range of approximately 150–4500 Hz. Among the 14 call types previously identified, except ultrasound vocalizations, six types of broadcast calls were classified, and their acoustic characteristics were analyzed. We focused on the acoustic characteristics of four low‐frequency calls, clustered in a relatively narrow bandwidth, which have been relatively less studied. We identified a new call type of a triple ascending trill consisting of three trill parts, expanding upon the findings of previous studies. The audio data extracted from leopard seal vocalization videos, recorded by a monitoring camera on sea ice, enhanced the reliability of identifications of the underwater triple ascending trill. We present the unique results of underwater passive acoustic monitoring conducted at Seaview Bay, designated as Antarctic Specially Protected Area No 178. Our results could contribute to the development of detection and localization algorithms for leopard seal vocalizations and can be used as fundamental data for studies related to the vocalization and behavior of this species.
Non‐invasive prediction of pulmonary vascular disease‐related exercise intolerance and survival in non‐group 1 pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Reddy Yogesh N.V. , Dubrock Hilary , Hassoun Paul M. , Hemnes Anna , Horn Evelyn , Leopold Jane A. , Rischard Franz , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Hill Nicholas S. , Erzurum Serpil C. , Beck Gerald J. , Mathai Stephen C. , Mukherjee Monica , Tang W.H. Wilson , Borlaug Barry A. , Frantz Robert P. ,   and the PVDOMICS Study Group
Published: July 2024

Aims

The clinical utility of pulmonary hypertension (PH) risk scores in non‐group 1 PH with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) remains unresolved.

Methods and results

We utilized the prospective multicenter PVDOMICS cohort with group 2, 3, 4 or 5 PH‐related PVD and calculated group 1 PH risk scores (REVEAL 2.0, REVEAL Lite 2, French registry score and COMPERA 2). The c‐statistic to predict death was compared separately in (i) pre‐capillary PH groups 3/4/5, and (ii) combined post‐ and pre‐capillary PH group 2. Exercise right heart catheterization reserve, ventricular interdependence and right ventricular–pulmonary artery (RV‐PA) coupling were compared across risk categories. Among 449 individuals with group 3/4/5 PH, the REVEAL 2.0 risk score had the highest c‐statistic for predicting death (0.699, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.660–0.737, p < 0.0001) with comparable performance using the simpler REVEAL Lite 2 score (0.695, 95% CI 0.656–0.734, p < 0.0001). The French and COMPERA 2 risk scores were also predictive of mortality, but performance of both was statistically inferior to REVEAL 2.0 (c‐statistic difference −0.072, 95% CI −0.123 to −0.020, p = 0.006, and −0.043, 95% CI −0.067 to −0.018, p = 0.0007, respectively). RV function and RV‐PA coupling measures were prognostic in isolation, but did not add incremental value to REVEAL (p > 0.50 for all). Findings were similar in patients with group 2 PH (n = 239). Stratification by the REVEAL Lite 2 score non‐invasively identified non‐group 1 PH with more advanced PVD with worse exercise capacity, RV‐PA uncoupling, ventricular interdependence and impaired cardiac output reserve (p < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions

Non‐invasive REVEAL risk predicts mortality in non‐group 1 PH without incremental prognostic value from detailed RV function or RV‐PA coupling assessment. Baseline REVEAL Lite 2 risk stratification non‐invasively identifies greater pulmonary vascular dysfunction and right heart‐related exercise limitation, which may help guide patient selection for targeted pulmonary vascular therapies in non‐group 1 PH.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Regioselective Selenohydroxylation of Enamine Amides with Diaryl Diselenides
Authors: Jiang Shiliang , Leng Yuting , Wang Panpan , Sui Kaixia , Ma Ning , Wu Yangjie
Published: July 2024

This article reports the synthesis of alpha‐hydroxy‐beta‐seleno amides containing intramolecular hydrogen bonds by selective oxyselenization and selective double bond cleavage reactions of enamine amides with diaryl diselenides under visible light irradiation. This protocol proceeds well to provide the 30 desired products with yields of 37 %–80 % using the 12 W blue LED as light source under room temperature conditions. Moreover, diaryl diselenides plays a dual role as a substrate and a photoactive reagent, as well as oxygen in the air participates in the reaction, thus avoiding the extra addition of environmentally unfriendly photoctalysts and oxidants.
Does environmental regulation matter for healthcare utilisation in China? An interrupted time series study
Authors: He Wen
Published: July 2024

In recent years, China has implemented a series of environmental regulation policies to improve air quality, but the health effects of these policy changes need to be accurately clarified and quantified. The objective of this study was to empirically examine the effects of levying construction dust pollution fees on healthcare utilisation in a southern city of China. The study used a unique administrative insurance claim dataset from the city's Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance scheme between 2013 and 2015. The sample included 69,961 enrolees. An interrupted time series design was employed to investigate whether and how the healthcare utilisation of enrolees changed after the policy change. The results showed that this environmental regulation policy did not affect the inpatient utilisation of enrolees but did negatively impact outpatient utilisation. In addition, outpatient utilisation of chronic disease coverage decreased for patients with chronic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension. This study provides evidence that enhancing environmental regulations helps reduce medical costs, which can benefit China and other developing countries to improve environmental quality and promote public health.
A randomized controlled trial of povidone‐iodine application after skin closure for prevention of surgical site infection in emergency cesarean section
Authors: Thaisriwong Chantakarn , Chaithongwongwatthana Surasith
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of povidone‐iodine application after skin closure to prevent surgical site infection after an emergency cesarean section and to assess risk factors associated with surgical site infection.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial enrolled 352 pregnant women who required emergency cesarean delivery at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, from August 2018 to March 2019. Participants were randomly assigned to receive the povidone‐iodine application at the incision after skin closure (n = 176) or without application (n = 176). Thirty‐day surveillance of complications and adverse effects was performed. The primary outcome was the incidence of surgical site infection, which was compared between groups using the chi‐squared test. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of the factors associated with surgical site infection were determined by logistic regression analysis.

Results

There were no significant differences in the incidence of surgical site infection and adverse effects between the povidone‐iodine and control groups (9.5% vs 7.1%, P = 0.430). The significant factor associated with surgical site infection was a long interval (≥60 min) from the administration of prophylactic antibiotics to the incision (adjusted OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.49–11.03).

Conclusion

The application of povidone‐iodine after skin closure in an emergency cesarean section did not have the advantage of reducing the incidence of surgical site infection.

Clinical Trial Registration

This study was registered in TCTR registry on March 10, 2018 with trial identification number: TCTR20180310002 (https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20180310002). The first participant was recruited on August 2, 2018.
Locality‐based social media: The impact of content consumption and creation on perceived neighborhood crime, safety, and offline crime prevention
Authors: Zahnow Renee , Smith Naomi
Published: July 2024

Locality‐based social media (LBSM) allow members of the community to exchange news, connect with local people, and raise awareness of problems such as crime. This study aims to better understand the influence of LBSM on perceptions of community crime, safety, and crime prevention. Drawing on survey data from 1000 Australians, we assess the extent to which frequency of exposure to crime on LBSM and intensity of engagement on LBSM influence perceptions of crime, safety, and offline crime prevention behaviors. LBSM content creators perceive less crime and feel safer compared to individuals who only consume content on LBSM. Creators of content are also more likely than consumers to engage in offline crime prevention action. Our findings highlight the need to encourage more balanced engagement across all members of community social media. Smaller groups that contain only local residents may be best suited to achieve this outcome.
Photoactivated rose bengal‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles modified fifth‐generation adhesive on the survival rate of Streptococcus mutants and mechanical properties of tooth‐colored restorative material to carious dentin
Authors: Alanazi Amer M. , Khan Azmat Ali , Siddiqui Yusra Tus Saleha , Leemani Manisha Jagdesh , Shabbir Tooba , Ali Sadia
Published: July 2024

Assessment of the antimicrobial, micro tensile bond strength (μTBS), and degree of conversion (DC) of fifth‐generation adhesive modified using photoactivated 0.5% rose bengal (RB) and photoactivated RB‐doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) in different concentrations (2% and 5%) as compared with the unmodified adhesive bonded to the carious affected dentin (CAD). Forty mandibular molars with caries progression up to the middle third of the dentin, as per the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score of 4 and 5 were included. Specimens were divided into four groups based on etch and rinse adhesive (ERA) modification group 1: unmodified ERA, group 2: photoactivated 0.5% RB photosensitizer (PS) modified ERA, group 3: photoactivated RB‐doped 2 wt% TiO2NPs adhesive, group 4: photoactivated RB‐doped 5 wt% TiO2NPs adhesive. Followed by adhesive and composite restoration on the CAD surface. All the specimens were thermocycled and an assessment of μTBS and failure pattern analysis was performed. The antibacterial potency of RB and RB‐doped TiO2NPs (2% and 5%) followed by their activation using visible light against Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) were tested. The survival rate of S.mutans was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The analysis of μTBS involved the use of ANOVA, followed by a post‐hoc Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) multiple comparisons test. Group 1 (Unmodified ERA) (0.52 ± 0.31 CFU/mL) treated samples unveiled the highest means of bacterial survival and lowest μTBS (11.32 ± 0.63 MPa). Nevertheless, group 4: photoactivated RB‐doped 5 wt% TiO2NPs adhesive displayed the lowest outcomes of S.mutans survival (0.11 ± 0.02 CFU/mL) and highest bond strength (18.76 ± 1.45 MPa). The photoactivated RB‐doped 2 wt% TiO2NPs in adhesive demonstrated promising enhancements in both μTBS and antibacterial efficacy against S.mutans. However, it is noteworthy that this modification led to a decrease in the DC of the adhesive.

Research Highlights

Unmodified ERA‐treated samples unveiled the highest bacterial survival and the lowest μTBS.

Photoactivated RB‐doped 5 wt% TiO2NPs adhesive displayed the lowest S.mutans survival rate and highest bond strength.

DC decreased with an increase in concentration of TiO2.
Clinical impact of pancreatic invasion in T1‐stage distal bile duct cancer and prognostic factors associated with long‐term survival: A multicenter study
Authors: Jeon Ye Won , Kang Chang Moo , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Kwon Wooil , Han Sung‐Sik , Park Yejong , Kwak Bong Jun , Lee Woohyung , Song Ki Byung , Lee Jae Hoon , Kim Song Cheol , Shin Sang Hyun , Hwang Dae Wook
Published: July 2024

Background/Purpose

The eighth edition of the AJCC staging system introduced a shift in the staging of distal bile duct cancer (DBC), emphasizing the depth of invasion over adjacent organ invasion. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of pancreatic invasion in pT1‐stage DBC and identify prognostic factors for long‐term survival.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective analysis encompassed DBC patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2009 and 2019 in six Korean tertiary centers, specifically those with final pathology confirming AJCC eighth edition T1 stage and intrapancreatic bile duct tumor origin. Primary endpoints were five‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary objectives included the identification of prognostic determinants.

Results

This study involved 287 patients, comprising 190 without and 97 with pancreatic invasion. Pancreatic invasion did not significantly influence five‐year OS and RFS rates (OS: without pancreatic invasion 69.9% vs. with pancreatic invasion 54.1%, p = .25; RFS: 56.3% vs. 55.4%, p = .97). Multivariate analysis highlighted male gender, age, lymphovascular invasion, and N stage as significant OS determinants. Notably, male gender, ampulla of Vater invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and N1 stage were also associated with RFS.

Conclusions

In pT1 DBC, pancreatic invasion demonstrates no substantial impact on long‐term prognosis, in accordance with the depth‐based paradigm of the eighth edition AJCC staging system. The prognostic factors influencing OS were identified as male gender, age, lymphovascular invasion, and nodal metastasis.
Professional opportunities, gender obstacles, and narrowed progression: The case of the first Social Science Research Council female fellows (1925–1934)
Authors: Linos Marie
Published: July 2024

Between the years 1925 and 1934, the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) awarded 198 postdoctoral research fellowships to early‐career social scientists, among which 29 were awarded to women. This article, which is based on the SSRC directory and Rockefeller institutions' records, examines the professional paths of these female fellows to shed light on the presence of women in the social sciences and to probe the peculiarities of their professional trajectories. The SSRC fellowships represented a significant professional prospect for brilliant young female graduates who were often denied similar opportunities in other fields. Nonetheless, they did not eradicate all gender discrimination that remained prevalent, not only in the vertical sense by preventing women from progressing in the academic hierarchy, but also in the horizontal sense by retaining them in designated spaces (specific disciplines or institutions) that were underrecognized. Ultimately, the analysis of women's professional paths underscores the importance of examining the private or intimate lives of scientists to gain a more in‐depth understanding of the social structure of science and its impact on its protagonists.
Manipulating the masses? Right‐wing populist messages, political ideology, and public support for multilateral development aid in Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Bayram A. Burcu , Schneider Sebastian H. , Faust Jörg , Thomson Catarina
Published: July 2024

How does right‐wing populism affect public preferences for foreign development aid spending across the liberal/conservative ideological spectrum? This research examines the complex interplay between exposure to right‐wing populist messages targeting aid and political ideology at the mass level in Germany, the United States (U.S.), and the United Kingdom (UK) with data from original survey experiments. First, the experiments indicate that populist rhetoric reduces public support for foreign aid across all countries albeit to varying degrees. Second, the moderating role of political ideology is variable and complex across the different countries. In Germany, populist anti‐aid messages reduce support among voters on the center of the ideological spectrum and among those without clear ideological preferences. In the U.S., anti‐aid messages affect those on the left. In the UK, the effect of populist anti‐aid rhetoric surprisingly does not vary cross ideological groups. Our results have implications for the prospects of public support for development cooperation in the shadow of populism.
Development of a unit conversion tool for five quantitative anti‐spike assays and agreement analysis of three qualitative anti‐nucleocapsid assays for SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ouoba Serge , Sugiyama Aya , Ko Ko , Mirzaev Ulugbek Khudayberdievich , Abe Kanon , E Bunthen , Phyo Zayar , Khalilov Kobiljon Khusniddin , Kurisu Akemi , Akita Tomoyuki , Takahashi Kazuaki , Sasaki Hiroshi , Yamamoto Tadashi , Tanaka Junko
Published: July 2024

Commercially available assays for measuring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) anti‐spike (S) or anti‐nucleocapsid (N) antibodies differ in units, making results comparisons challenging. This study aimed to develop conversion equations between five quantitative anti‐S antibody tests and to assess the agreement over time between three qualitative anti‐N antibody tests. Blood samples from 24 216 vaccinated healthcare workers in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, were analyzed for anti‐S antibodies using five quantitative tests (Abbott, Fujirebio, Ortho, Sysmex, Roche) and for anti‐N antibodies using three qualitative tests (Abbott, Sysmex, Roche). Geometric mean regression was performed to establish equations for converting measured values between the five quantitative tests. Fleiss κ statistic was used to assess the agreement between the three qualitative tests. A strong correlation (Pearson's coefficient r > 0.9) was found for each pair of the five quantitative tests measuring anti‐S antibodies, enabling the development of equations to convert values between each pair. Using these equations, which are based on the original output unit of each test, values obtained from one test can be transformed to be equivalent to the corresponding values in another test. For the three tests for anti‐N antibodies, the agreement was substantial in the total sample (Fleiss' κ, 0.74) and moderate among those with self‐reported past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection (Fleiss' κ, 0.39). The agreement decreased with time after infection. Reduced agreement between anti‐N antibodies tests over time suggests caution in comparing seroepidemiological studies of COVID‐19 exposure based on anti‐N antibodies measurement. The findings could help improve antibody measurement systems and inform public health decision‐makers.
Molecular epidemiology and characterization of enteroviruses detected in cerebrospinal fluid and respiratory samples in Slovenia, 2014–2023
Authors: Berginc Nataša , Lunar Maja M. , Šramel Nina , Poljak Mario
Published: July 2024

Enterovirus (EV) infections have various symptoms and severe complications, including death. To determine EV prevalence and EV types in Slovenia, data on over 25 000 EV RNA tests for diagnostics and surveillance from 2014 to 2023 were analyzed. Altogether, 3733 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 21 297 respiratory (sentinel and clinical) samples were tested for EV RNA. EV typing was performed on all residual EV‐positive CSF samples and on subset of respiratory specimens. Altogether, 1238 samples tested positive for EV RNA: 238 (6.4%) CSF and 1000 (4.7%) respiratory samples. EV‐positive patients were predominantly male (p < 0.001). Many EV‐positive CSF samples were from infants under 3 months (33.1%), whereas most EV‐positive respiratory samples were from children 1 to 2 years old (49.2%). Echovirus 30 (E‐30) was most frequent in CSF (33.0%), followed by CV‐B5 (13.8%) and E‐6 (13.8%). CV‐A6 was most frequent in respiratory samples (16.0%), followed by EV‐D68 (7.6%) and CV‐A5 (7.4%). EV types in CSF and respiratory samples show diverse dynamics, with some outbreaks indicated. A significant difference was found in the EV detection rate between CSF and respiratory samples by age. Various EV types were characterized, showing that some EV types are more neurotropic or cause more severe infections.
A shield against ageism: Self‐affirmation mitigates the negative effects of workplace age discrimination on well‐being and performance
Authors: Spoelma Trevor M. , Marchiondo Lisa A.
Published: July 2024

Although an increasingly age‐diverse workforce offers many potential advantages for organizations, it also presents unique challenges. Namely, bringing together people of different ages produces an environment ripe for age‐based discrimination. In this study, we integrate the transactional model of stress with self‐affirmation theory to propose the effectiveness of a brief personal values affirmation for shaping the effect of age discrimination on stress appraisals. In turn, we expect this intervention to weaken the indirect effects of age discrimination on somatic complaints, emotional exhaustion, and task performance. We test our model using four multi‐wave field experiments among full‐time employees (total N = 629). We find robust support for the utility of the intervention for mitigating the effects of age discrimination on outcomes via threat appraisal. Our findings have implications for managing experiences of ageism in organizations and complement existing techniques to reduce the adverse effects of this pernicious form of mistreatment.