bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperbaric oxygenation helps you live comfortably history of hyperbaric oxygenation
Authors:   GBUZ SO «Novokuibyshevskaya Central City Hospital»,Novokuibyshevsk, Russia, Kondratieva T. N. , Kutalova N. A. ,   GBUZ SO «Novokuibyshevskaya Central City Hospital»,Novokuibyshevsk, Russia
Published: September 2024

The article highlights historical aspects and conducts a retrospective analysis of the use of hyperbaric oxygenation, presents types of pressure chambers, pays attention to the use of hyperbaric oxygenation, analyzes the method, preparation and conduct of a hyperbaric oxygenation session.
First results of the work of the department of palliative medical care for children
Authors:   Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V. D. Seredavin,Samara, Russia, Golysheva O. A. , Yakovleva O. D. ,   Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V. D. Seredavin, Samara, Russia
Published: September 2024

This article describes the experience of the department of palliative medical care for children, opened on the basis of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after. V. D. Seredavin» Samara.
Organization of the work of the educational and methodological office for middle and junior medical staff
Authors:   SBHI of the city of Moscow «City Clinical Hospital named after S. P. Botkin» Department of Healthcare of the City of Moscow, Ekimova N. А. , Trunova-Feduleeva N. V. ,   FSBEI HE «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia
Published: September 2024

The article presents the organization of the work of the educational and methodological office, emphasizing the importance of a well-structured adaptation program.
Current state of research in the field of buccal dosage forms and possibility of using dipyridamole as a subbuccal gel (Review article)
Authors:   FSBEI HE Dagestan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Abdurakhmanov A. M. , Ogay M. A. ,   FSBEI HE Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute — branch of the Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Akhmedov F. A. ,   Research Pharmaceutical Center of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan, Zavadskiy S. P. ,   Institute of Pharmacy named after A. P. Nelyubin, FSAEI HE I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Published: September 2024

Buccal route of drug administration (from Latin «bucca» — the cheek) is the introduction of drugs into the body through the mucous membrane of the inner side of the cheek. The oral mucosa, including the cheeks, has a high absorption capacity. In this case, the absorbed drug substance enters directly into the systemic bloodstream, bypassing the liver, which ensures the rapid development of the effect with high bioavailability of the drug. To hold the medicine on the buccal mucosa, special dosage forms are used, i.e. cheek plates with the medicinal substance. Purpose of the work: to summarize the available literature data on buccal dosage forms and the possibilities of their use. Materials and methods. We conducted a literature review of scientific papers over the last 20 years in the resources of the PubMed and eLIBRARY search engines using the key words below. For this meta-analysis, we used articles that provided evidence on the most current issues related to buccal dosage forms. Results. It has been established that the buccal route of administration is promising and has undeniable advantages. The list of available drugs included in this dosage form is limited. The introduction of dipyridamole into a subbuccal gel is a promising way to expand the range of dosage forms (DF) of dipyridamole, represented only by film-coated tablets and a suspension for oral administration (Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd, UK). Conclusion. The result of the research has been the establishment of prospects for expanding the range of dosage forms through the development of a subbuccal gel with dipyridamole.
Major problems of primary substance production in world pharmacy industry
Authors:   RUDN University, Arianpoor M. H. , Chernikov S. Yu. ,   RUDN University
Published: September 2024

It should be clarified that nowadays in the rapidly developing world a great number of different countries all over the world are aiming to work out high-tech strategies in the development of pharmaceuticals. The fact is that this industry today is actively and dynamically developing even in view of the significant economic growth of multifunctional pharmaceuticals. To substantiate the relevance of the study it will also be important to note that the pharmaceutical industry today is being characterized by the highly pragmatic and also life-sustaining healthcare system itself for the people. Certainly, it will be essential to specify that the pharmaceutical industry is now particularly important for science because its progress in this direction can help to develop the investment potential of any state, and further this factor can affect the economic component of the state. A very today promising direction represents a unique opportunity for development both in science itself and in the field under consideration — pharmaceuticals. Among other things, it is the steadily increasing demand for the products themselves in this area that has also created a high demand among investors. The organization of knowledge-intensive work to create new drugs requires very high costs. Also, in addition to a significant monetary equivalent, the labor of hundreds of specialists is required, while the period of passing through all stages, from scientific research work to the introduction of drugs, followed by numerous inspections, is counted in tens of years. In this regard, the most powerful, economically developed countries have a large pharmaceutical industry. In addition to all other factors, it will be important to note that the pharmaceutical industry also requires the presence of really valuable and worthy personnel. Naturally, specialists should perfectly understand the key issues in this area, know everything necessary to create the desired product. Most often, thousands of people work on such a development, who should definitely be professionals in their field. Just for all the above-mentioned reasons, it is the large pharmaceutical industry that the most powerful, economically developed countries should have today.
Survival Disparities among Cancer Patients Based on Mobility Patterns: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wen Fengyu , Zhang Yike , Yang Chao , Li Pengfei , Wang Qing , Zhang Luxia
Published: September 2024

Background:
Cancer is a major health problem worldwide. A growing number of cancer patients travel to hospitals outside their residential cities due to unbalanced medical resources. We aimed to evaluate the association between patterns of patient mobility and survival among patients with cancer.
Methods:
Data of patients hospitalized for cancer between January 2015 and December 2017 were collected from the regional data platform of an eastern coastal province of China. According to the cities of hospitalization and residency, 3 mobility patterns including intra-city, local center, and national center pattern were defined. Patients with intra-city pattern were sequentially matched to patients with the other 2 patterns on demographics, marital status, cancer type, comorbidity, and hospitalization frequency, using propensity score matching. We estimated 5-year survival and the associations between all-cause mortality and patient mobility.
Results:
Among 20,602 cancer patients, there were 17,035 (82.7%) patients with intra-city pattern, 2,974 (14.4%) patients with local center pattern, and 593 (2.9%) patients with national center pattern. Compared to patients with intra-city pattern, higher survival rates were observed in patients with local center pattern [5-year survival rate, 69.3% versus 65.4%; hazard ratio (HR), 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77 to 0.95] and in patients with national center pattern (5-year survival rate, 69.3% versus 64.5%; HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.97).
Conclusions:
We found significant survival disparities among different mobility patterns of patients with cancer. Improving the quality of cancer care is crucial, especially for cities with below-average healthcare resources.
The Effectiveness of the Project of White Schools Free from Drugs and Vices for Prevention of Substance Abuse Among University Students, Mahasarakham Province, Thailand
Authors: Thongseeluang Watcharin , Promarak Terdsak , Yangyuen Suneerat
Published: September 2024

Background: Adolescent substance use in Thailand is a serious problem that has adverse effects on their physical and mental health and social life. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective interventions to improve substance abuse outcomes among adolescents. Methods: A mixed-methods research was conducted on 1392 university students in Mahasarakham Province, Thailand, from May to September 2023 to assess the predictors of drug abuse prevention behaviours. Additionally, action research was used to develop and evaluate the project for the prevention of substance use. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 25.0. Multiple linear regression analysis and an independent samples t-test were applied to analyze the data. Results: Most students (46.84%) had a moderate level of drug prevention behaviour. Additionally, social support from the university, peer groups, family relationships, and self-control were significant predictors of substance abuse prevention behaviours. In terms of the effectiveness of white school free from drugs and vice, most subjects reported high levels of substance abuse prevention behaviours. The most effective factors in preventing drug abuse and solving drug-related problems included support from the university, friends, family, self-esteem, and stakeholders. Conclusion: Self-control, family relationships, peer group support, and social support from the university were correlated with substance abuse prevention behaviour among university students. The project of White School Free from Drugs and Vices was found to be an effective intervention in preventing substance abuse, encouraging students to promote drug abuse prevention behaviours.
Unveiling the Path to Healthy Habits: The Effect of School-Led Total Sanitation Intervention on Sanitation and Hygiene Knowledge and Practices Among School-Going Children (Grade 4–7) in Baringo County, Kenya
Authors: Omari Phanice Kerubo , Karanja Simon Muturi , Mambo Susan Njoki
Published: September 2024

Background: Poor hygiene and sanitation knowledge and practices pose serious health risks to vulnerable populations, such as school-going children. Kenya is among the 26 countries worldwide that account for 90% of open defecation. School-led total sanitation (SLTS) is a novel intervention that has been successfully implemented in South African countries to improve sanitation and hygiene outcomes among school-going children. Despite the intervention’s success elsewhere, it has not been implemented in Kenya. The main aim of this study was to assess SLTS’ effectiveness in improving sanitation and hygiene knowledge and practices among school-going children in Baringo County. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 434 pupils divided into intervention and control groups across three schools in each study group. A six-month intervention included triggering, forming health clubs, training sessions, and distributing information, education, and information materials. Thereafter, an evaluation was performed 3 months post-intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS V18. The Chi-square test was used to compare knowledge and practices in both groups, while the difference in differences (DID) method assessed intervention effectiveness. Results: Compared to the control group (15.2%), children in the intervention group (63.2%) showed significantly high knowledge levels (χ2=104.67, df=1, P<0.0001). There was a 52.3% mean increase in knowledge among children in the intervention group. A more considerable number of pupils (85.6%) in the intervention schools washed their hands with soap compared to 65.5% (χ 2=23.57, df=1, P<0.0001) in the control group, demonstrating an increase of 19.6%. In the intervention group, there was a significantly lower proportion of pupils who practiced open defecation at home (16.3%) compared to 35.4% in the control group (χ 2=25.0, df=1, P<0.0001). Conclusion: The SLTS intervention led to an increase in knowledge on sanitation and hygiene but a reduction in open defecation at home among school-going children. These findings revealed that SLTS is an effective approach that can be adopted by regional governments, national governments, and other stakeholders as an additional intervention to address the problem of poor hygiene and sanitation in Kenya.
XIX. Yüzyılda Cesaretin, Uykusuzluğun ve Cesetlerin Gezindiği Osmanlı Mahalleleri
Authors: Bingöl Sedat
Published: September 2024

Osmanlı insanı ve onun sosyal hayatını anlama gayretleri içerisindeki araştırmacılar için, “Osmanlı Mahallesi” temel bir birim olarak kabul edilir. Pek çok araştırmacı, klasik diyebileceğimiz şer’i sicilleri, normatif düzenlemeler vb. kaynaklara dayanarak, bu yaşam hakkında değerli araştırmalar sunmuştur.

Osmanlı sosyal yaşamını çözümlemeye yönelik çalışmamızda ise, Osmanlı mahallelerinde yaşanan, klasik kaynakların bize hiçbir şey söylemediği, cesaret ve genel uykusuzluk ve fail-i meçhul cinayetlerde bireylerin tutumları incelendi. Mevcut Osmanlı Hukuku’nun toplumsal hayat içerisinde bireyleri, günümüz insanı için garip denilebilecek hallere yönelttiği görülmektedir. Osmanlı Hukukuna göre fail-i meçhul sayılabilecek adli olaylarda, hem kamu yetkilileri hem de mahalle sakinlerince izlenen davranış biçimleri analiz edilmiştir.
Riesgo crediticio y la estabilidad financiera de las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito del Ecuador
Authors: Toapanta-Freire Adriana Alejandra , Vásconez-Acuña Lenyn Geovanny
Published: September 2024

En el contexto del sistema financiero nacional, este estudio se enfoca en examinar el impacto del riesgo crediticio en la estabilidad financiera de las COAC del segmento uno en Ecuador, con el fin de comprender cómo estas instituciones gestionan los riesgos asociados a sus operaciones crediticias, a través de un análisis detallado de la literatura existente y datos relevantes, se ha observado que estas entidades desempeñan una misión primordial en el fortalecimiento del sistema financiero ecuatoriano al generar confianza, fomentar el ahorro y promover la inversión. Sin embargo, se identificó riesgos crediticios persistentes que pueden afectar su estabilidad financiera. Se concluye que es imperativo fortalecer la supervisión y regulación, fomentar la transparencia y adoptar estrategias financieras prudentes para asegurar tanto la estabilidad como el desarrollo económico sostenible, preservando de esta manera la función esencial de las COAC en el entorno financiero del país.
Auditoría de Gestión: identificación de riesgos en empresas
Authors: Ullaguari-Pizarro Jessenia Katherine , Montero-Cobo Miryam Alejandra
Published: September 2024

La gestión proactiva de riesgos es esencial para anticipar y mitigar amenazas potenciales que puedan afectar el éxito a largo plazo de las organizaciones. Este estudio se propuso evaluar la efectividad de dicha gestión, destacando la importancia de una cultura organizacional orientada a la identificación, evaluación y mitigación de riesgos financieros, operativos, estratégicos, de cumplimiento y reconocimiento. Se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de investigaciones sobre gestión de riesgos empresariales, analizando estrategias como la diversificación de operaciones, flexibilidad organizativa y tecnológica, y la implementación de controles internos. Los resultados indican que una cultura organizacional adaptada en la gestión proactiva de riesgos fortalece la resiliencia empresarial y mejora la eficiencia operativa. En conclusión, la gestión efectiva de riesgos es esencial para proteger activos, mantener la confianza de stakeholders y garantizar la sostenibilidad del negocio, destacando la necesidad de adoptar medidas proactivas en todos los niveles de la empresa.
Auditoría continua, monitorización, optimización de la detección y mitigación de riesgos en empresas comerciales
Authors: Cabrera-Célleri Sonia Gabriela , Reyes-Cárdenas Narciza Azucena
Published: September 2024

El estudio examinó la implementación de sistemas de auditoría continua en departamentos de Auditoría Interna en España, Honduras y Ecuador. Se buscó comprender la tendencia hacia prácticas más automatizadas para evaluar riesgos y controles, así como la creación de departamentos específicos de auditoría continua. Se emplearon encuestas para recopilar datos sobre la adopción de estas prácticas, la diversidad en el uso de herramientas de auditoría y la identificación de riesgos. Los resultados indicaron una creciente conciencia sobre la importancia de la auditoría interna para fortalecer el ambiente de control y reducir riesgos. Se destacó la necesidad de establecer estructuras sólidas y concientizar sobre la importancia de la auditoría continua. La diversidad de orientaciones recalcó la necesidad de adaptar las prácticas de auditoría continua a las necesidades específicas de cada organización.
Eficacia del impuesto a consumos especiales en el control de productos nocivos para la salud
Authors: Sánchez-Vintimilla Tito Geovanny , Peñaloza-López Verónica Leonor
Published: September 2024

Este estudio investiga como el impuesto a los consumos especiales ICE se ha utilizado en Ecuador para desincentivar el consumo de productos perjudiciales para la salud. El objetivo del estudio consiste en analizar y evaluar la eficiencia del ICE en la regulación de productos perjudiciales para la salud en Ecuador. De tipo descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta a 31 contadores de la Ciudad de Cuenca. Los resultados de la encuesta revelan que la mayoría de los contadores se consideran bien informados (96.77%) y ven su contribución en regular productos nocivos como positiva, aunque enfrentan desafíos como la falta de personal capacitado y cooperación de la industria. Las conclusiones destacan la eficiencia para generar ingresos estatales y la baja reducción del consumo de los productos perjudiciales para la salud con relación al ICE
Dinámicas del emprendimiento en regiones con presencia de industrias extractivas. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Manobanda-Pinto Paúl Marcelo , Zambrano-Vera David Agapito , Carrera-Sánchez Karina María Elena , Suntasig-Negrete Edison Roberto
Published: September 2024

El objetivo general de la investigación fue analizar las dinámicas del emprendimiento en regiones con presencia de industrias extractivas: Una revisión Sistemática. Se ejecutó a partir del paradigma cuantitativo, de tipo descriptiva y se complementa con un diseño documental-bibliográfico, lo que permitió la recolección de la información extraída de los artículos arbitrados, abordando el método analítico, orientando y complementando el estudio de aspectos particulares. Además, se apoyó, en la revisión sistemática, fue llevada a cabo siguiendo las directrices del marco PRISMA 2020.En conclusión, las industrias extractivas, como la minería y el petróleo, generan un entorno económico favorable para ciertos tipos de emprendimientos, principalmente aquellos relacionados con la cadena de suministro y servicios especializados, siendo su impacto ambivalente. Aunque crean oportunidades para algunos sectores, la dependencia regional en estos recursos tiende a generar economías mono-especializadas, limitando la diversificación económica.
The Kenyan Parastatal, a Few Yugoslav Experts, Two European Development Agencies, and a Variety of Interests: The Dawa Pharmaceutical Factory in Nairobi
Authors: Ramšak Jure
Published: September 2024

Although Kenya was not among the closest Yugoslav allies within the Non-Aligned Movement, Nairobi was chosen as the location for the establishment of the largest and most advanced pharmaceutical factory in Eastern and Central Africa in the mid-1970s, in cooperation with the Yugoslav pharmaceutical manufacturer Krka. With the latter seeing Africa as its launchpad to international markets, this joint venture with Kenyan parastatal ICDC and several private investors was far from being an example of assistance motivated by socialist solidarity. As such, the Nairobi factory Dawa, provides an excellent case study with which to discuss the de-politicized fabric of Yugoslav economic entanglements with its Non-Aligned co-members, in particular some of the least economically developed African countries. Contrary to preposterous attempts to export Soviet socialist modernity into the Global South, the logic behind the Yugoslav cooperation in the industrial sector was to display that such (modest) examples could thrive in an environment where capitalism still prevailed and could possibly be replicated by other, much more potentially progressive actors. Building upon archival funds from the Yugoslav/Slovenian federal and republican foreign policy bodies that provide detailed insight into different stages of this project, from pre-investment plans from the early 1970s to the challenging daily operation in the 1980s, my paper will point to specificities of the early forms of South-South cooperation and its troublesome embeddedness in the global financial and technological hierarchies. Considering that economic projects such as Dawa were strategically positioned to facilitate the establishment of postcolonial self-centred industrial production while also being experienced as a meeting place for experts from Africa and (socialist and non-aligned part of) Europe, my analysis will provide an opportunity to discuss the challenges connected with the implementation of the two flagship projects of the Non-Aligned Movement at the time: the New International Economic Order and Collective Self-Reliance. In this regard, the significance of technology transfer and capacity building provided by the more developed developing country, as Yugoslavia defined itself during the sensitive period of African postcolonial state-building, will be discussed in particular.
مصفوفة الاحتمالات والتحول المعاصر في ترميم الخزف
Authors: بنت صالح الصالح منال
Published: September 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى ايجاد حلول معاصرة لترميم القطع الخزفية من خلال الاستعانة بمصفوفة الاحتمالات والتي تحمل جوانب فلسفية تتعدى مسألة الحفاظ على الأثر الخزفي وعلاجه وصيانته، باستخدام تقنيات الترميم لإخفاء الضرر الذي وقع على العمل الخزفي وتحويل هذا الضرر إلى قيمة جمالية مضافة، متخذه المنھج الوصفي التحلیلي .
واهم ماتوصلت له الدراسة من النتائج أن ترميم الأشكال الخزفية الحديثة تختلف من حيث البعد الفلسفي والجمالي عن الترميم للشكل الخزفي الاثري ومن خلال الاحتماليات المطروحة في مصفوفة الترميم يمكن  تقديم حلولاً تشكيلية وفنية تؤدي إلى ابتكار مجسمات خزفية معاصرة، وانتاج اشكال خزفية ذات بعد فلسفي وجمالي.وبنا ًء على نتائج الدراسة تم إدراج توصيات منها تطبيق احتمالية المصفوفة المقترحه من قبل الفنانين والمختصين بالآثار لاتساع دائرة الافق الفكري والفلسفي، كما أنه لابد من تزويد المكتبات والجهات المختصة لمدى اهمية النظر باحتمالية تحويل الفكر للاتجاه المعاصر بمعطياته المختلفة من خلال المصفوفة لايجاد حلول ابتكارية وحديثة في مجال الترميم، اما مجال الترميم فانه لابد من تنظيم دورات تدريبية في مجال الترميم ومدى امكانية الاستفادة من الدراسات البينية لاعادة الاشكال المرممة واظهارها بفكر معاصر.
Parametric design and its role in designing building facades (An analytical study)
Authors: Saleh Matar Alsawat Kholood
Published: September 2024

يُعد التصميم البارامتري الوسيلة الأساسية لخلق تصاميم لها طابع حر وحديث تتناسب والعمارة الحالية وما تسعى له من تحقيق سبل التهوية والإضاءة الطبيعية في المباني، إضافة إلى إمكاناته في خلق العديد من الأفكار؛ لذلك تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن دور التصميم البارامتري في تصميم واجهات المباني، وقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفيّ التحليليّ لعدد (3) واجهات لمباني تم اختيارها كعينة قصديّة وفق معايير محدّدة.
وأسفرت الدراسة عن نتائج عدة؛ أهمها: توافق التصميم البارامتري مع الطبيعة أدى لوجود واجهات معمارية تلامس المجتمع فكريًا وثقافيًا وحضاريًا، وأن الشبكات المثلثة للتصميم البارامتري تساعد على عبور الرياح، وتجعل المبنى أكثر كفاءة. وأوصت الدراسة بإجراء المزيد من الأبحاث التي تركز على التصميم البارامتري؛ لما له من بناء تصميمي متعدد ومتنوع. وتشجيع المصممين على استخدام التصميم البارامتري في تصميم واجهات المباني؛ لحل المشكلات التصميمية المرتبطة بوظيفة المبنى.
Application Of SMOTE To Address Class Imbalance In Diabetes Disease Classification Utilizing C5.0, Random Forest, And SVM
Authors: M. Khairul Rezki  , Mazdadi Muhammad Itqan , Indriani Fatma , Muliadi Muliadi , Saragih Triando Hamonangan , Athavale Vijay Annant
Published: September 2024

The implementation of SMOTE to tackle class imbalance in classification frequently results in suboptimal outcomes, owing to the intricacy of the dataset and the multitude of attributes at play. Consequently, alternative classification models were explored through experimentation to gauge their precision. This research aims to compare the precision of C5.0, Random Forest, and SVM classification models both with and without SMOTE. The methodology encompasses dataset selection, an overview of classification algorithms (C5.0, Random Forest, SVM), SMOTE technique, validation via split validation, preprocessing involving min-max normalization, and execution evaluation utilizing confusion matrices and AUC analysis. The dataset was sourced by Kaggle, specifically to rectify class imbalance in a diabetes dataset using SMOTE, consisting of 768 instances, with 268 samples for diabetic cases and 500 samples for non-diabetic cases. Prior to SMOTE application, the classification precision for C5.0, Random Forest, and SVM were 0.714, 0.733, and 0.746 respectively, with corresponding AUC values of 0.745, 0.824, and 0.799. Post-SMOTE, the precision depicts for the same techniques were 0.603, 0.727, and 0.727, with AUC values of 0.734, 0.831, and 0.794 respectively. It can be inferred that there's minimal impact post-SMOTE across the three classification models due to potential overfitting on the dataset, leading to excessive reliance on synthesized data for minority classes, resulting in diminished model execution, precision, and AUC scores.
KLAIDINGI ĮSITIKINIMAI APIE PRADINĮ GAIVINIMĄ
Authors: Lisauskaitė Gabrielė
Published: September 2024

Tikslas. Nustatyti ir aptarti Lietuvos studentų dažniausius klaidingus įsitikinimus apie pradinį gaivinimą.Metodai. 2019 metų rudenį įvairiuose socialiniuose tinkluose buvo paskelbta anoniminė apklausa. Joje respondentams pa­teikti įvairūs klausimai apie pradinį gaivinimą, sudaryti pagal Europos gaivinimo gaires (angl. European Resus­citation Guidelines). Duomenys apdoroti MS Excel pro­grama. Rezultatai: iš viso tyrime dalyvavo 283 respon­dentai, 222 (78,4%) moterys bei 61 (21,6 %) vyras. 99 (35,1 %) respondentai buvo medicinos studentai, o 184 (64,9 %) − kitų specialybių studentai. Vienas iš klau­simų respondentams buvo „Kas gali naudoti automatinį išorinį defibriliatorių?“ Į šį klausimą beveik visi medi­cinos studentai atsakė tiksliai (97 % teisingų atsakymų), tačiau kur kas mažiau kitų specialybių studentų (60,9 %) žinojo teisingą atsakymą. Respondentų buvo paklausta „Kokia dalis pacientų, kuriems prireikia gaivinimo, visiš­kai pasveiksta (t.y. išrašomi iš ligoninės)?“ Į šį klausimą teisingai atsakė mažiausia dalis respondentų – vos 9,5 procento. Medicinos studentų dažniausias atsakymas buvo 46-60 proc., o kitų sričių studentų – 61-75 procen­tai. Išvados. Trečdalis studentų nežino, jog patys gali naudoti išorinį automatinį defibriliatorių. Lietuvoje visų sričių studentai pervertina pradinio gaivinimo sėkmę.
DRESS SINDROMO DIAGNOSTIKA IR GYDYMAS
Authors: Marcinkevičiūtė Rugilė , Marcinkevičius Martynas
Published: September 2024

Vaistų sukeltos reakcijos, pasireiškiančios eozinofilija ir sisteminiais simptomais, vadinamos anglišku akronimu DRESS (angl. Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Sys­temic Symptoms). Sindromas kliniškai pasireiškia odos bėrimu, veido edema, karščiavimu, limfadenopatija ir organų pažeidimu. Laboratorinių tyrimų rezultatai rodo leukocitozę, netipinius limfocitus, eozinofiliją ir kepenų bei inkstų funkcijos tyrimų pakitimus. Diagnozę nusta­tyti padeda diagnostiniai kriterijai pagal klinikiniais ir laboratoriniais duomenimis pagrįstą balų sistemą bei papildomi tyrimai, priklausomai nuo paciento simptomų. Pagrindinis gydymas yra sukėlusio ligą vaisto nutrau­kimas, simptominis gydymas ir uždegimo slopinimas. DRESS sindromu sergančių pacientų mirtingumas sie­kia iki 10 procentų.
LOKALIZUOTA ARGYRIJA: KLINIKINIS LIGOS PASIREIŠKIMAS, DIAGNOSTIKOS IR GYDYMO YPATUMAI
Authors: Bariza Edvardas
Published: September 2024

Argyrija yra reta įgyta gerybinė odos liga, kurią sukelia sidabro nusėdimas audiniuose. Išskiriamos trys argyrijos formos – generalizuota, lokalizuota ir argyrozė. Loka­lizuotą argyriją sukelia tiesioginis kontaktas su sidabru. Diagnostika dažniausiai apima anamnezę ir fizinį išty­rimą bei odos biopsiją. Diagnozei patvirtinti vis dažniau siūloma atlikti energinę dispersinę rentgeno spindulių spektroskopiją dėl jos jautrumo ir specifiškumo. Tikslinga atlikti ir dermatoskopiją. Negydant pigmentacija tampa nuolatinė, todėl lokalizuotą argyriją reikia diagnozuoti greitai ir diferencijuoti su kitomis odos spalvos pokyčius sukeliančiomis ligomis. Pacientams rekomenduojama vengti tolesnio sąlyčio su sidabru ir saugotis nuo saulės, o ateityje tikimasi lokalizuotą argyriją gydyti lazeriu.
NEUROSIFLIO EPIDEMIOLOGIJA IR NEUROINVAZIJA
Authors: Katutytė Martyna , Vaivadaitė Urtė
Published: September 2024

Neurosifilis yra lytiniu būdu plintančios sifilio infekcijos apraiška, žinoma dėl neurologinių komplikacijų. Nuo 2000 m. sifilio atvejų skaičius didėja, o kartu didėja ir neurosifilio dažnis. Apie sifilio neuroinvaziją buvo ži­noma dar prieš penicilino erą, plitimo greičiai ir likvoro pokyčiai buvo tiriami iki pat XX amžiaus pabaigos, bet dėl galutinių išvadų nesutariama net iki šiol. Treponema pallidum neuroinvaziją sąlygoja bakterijos struktūrinės ypatybės ir sąveika su kraujagyslėmis. Svarbų vaidmenį plitimo procesui turi treponemos padermės ir žmogaus organizmo biožymenys. Neurosifilio riziką didina vy­riška lytis, ŽIV, vyresnis amžius ir gyvenimas su ŽIV sergančiu asmeniu.
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE VAIDMUO UŽDEGIMINIŲ ŽARNYNO LIGŲ EIGAI, KOMPLIKACIJŲ IŠSIVYSTYMUI IR GYDYMO TAKTIKOS PARINKIMUI
Authors: Kriukas Mantas , Jankevičiūtė Adelė , Kupčinskas Juozas
Published: September 2024

Clostridium difficile infekcija (CDI) yra didėjanti gas­troenterologijos problema. CDI dažnai pasitaiko paci­entams, sergantiems uždegiminėmis žarnyno ligomis (UŽL), tokiomis kaip opinis kolitas ir Krono liga. CDI susijusi su ilgesne hospitalizacijos trukme, didesnėmis išlaidomis sveikatos priežiūrai ir pacientų mirtingumu. Rizikos veiksniai apima plataus spektro antibiotikų var­tojimą, vyresnį amžių ir imunosupresinę būklę. Ypač pa­žeidžiami sergantieji UŽL, CDI jiems diagnozuojama net 5 kartus dažniau nei bendroje populiacijoje.

CDI žymiai pablogina UŽL eigą, didina komplikacijų riziką ir reikalauja agresyvesnio gydymo. Sergančiųjų UŽL ir CDI gydymo strategija apima fidaksomiciną ir vankomiciną, bei mikrobiotos transplantaciją recidyvo prevencijai. Gydant UŽL sergančius pacientus, kuriems diagnozuota ir CDI, kyla iššūkių, ypač dėl imunosupre­sinės terapijos, kuri gali didinti CDI riziką ir pabloginti ligos eigą.

Tyrimo rezultatai pabrėžia būtinybę kiekvieno UŽL pa­ūmėjimo atveju atlikti CDI diagnostiką, nes ši infekcija gali smarkiai pabloginti ligos eigą ir jos baigties pro­gnozę.
VITAMINO B PREPARATŲ VEIKSMINGUMAS ESANT DIABETINEI NEUROPATIJAI
Authors: Lukoševičius Justas Adomas , Kerežius Laurynas , Karnaševičiūtė Milda
Published: September 2024

Diabetinė neuropatija yra dažna liga, paveikianti iki 50 proc. diabetu sergančių pacientų. Diabetinės neuropati­jos gydymas yra komplikuotas dėl galimo gydymo ne­veiksmingumo ir vaistų nepageidaujamo poveikio. Pirmo pasirinkimo vaistai yra duloksetinas, gabapentinas, ami­triptilinas ir pregabalinas. Alternatyvūs gydymo metodai, tokie kaip B grupės vitaminų vartojimas, yra nepakan­kamai ištirti. Atliktų klinikinių tyrimų metu stebėtas sta­tistiškai reikšmingas simptomų bei gyvenimo kokybės pagerėjimas ir sumažėjęs skausmas pacientams, varto­jantiems vitamino B12 preparatus, lyginant su placebo grupe. Kombinuotų vitaminų B1, B6 ir B12 preparatų sinergistinis poveikis gali turėti nervus regeneruojan­čių savybių ir teigiamą poveikį diabetinės neuropatijos simptomams. Tikslingi tolesni klinikiniai tyrimai, sie­kiant patvirtinti B grupės vitaminų efektyvumą diabeti­nės neuropatijos gydymui.
Deciduous fruit trees and grapevines as alternative crops in Demathophora necatrix (syn. Rosellinia necatrix) infested soils
Authors: DAFNY-YELIN Mery , KOHAVI-MOY Jehudith Clara , ZHAVI Tirtza , DOR Shlomit , HILL Amber , KFIR Shlomi
Published: September 2024

White root rot, caused by Dematophora necatrix (syn. Rosellinia necatrix), affects deciduous trees. A D. necatrix infection-distribution survey found widespread disease in apple and cherry orchards in northern Israel bordering a Mediterranean forest, although the forest trees were unaffected. Because cherry and apple orchards must be abandoned due to long fungal survival in infested soils, alternative deciduous fruit trees and grapevines were assessed for growth in these D. necatrix-infested orchards. In the field, grapevine rootstocks and the almond–peach rootstock GF-677 were most tolerant to D. necatrix-infested soil. Apple was the most sensitive crop, with the rootstock Hashabi being more tolerant than PI80 or MM104. The Mediterranean forest tree Pistacia atlantica, which can serve as a rootstock for pistachio, was as sensitive as kiwifruit and apple, and persimmon rootstock sensitivity was not different from grapevine. Those results show that beside the above mentioned crops, vineyards can also replace apple orchards in D. necatrix-infested soils and so broadens the list of possible crops for the local farmers in a Mediterranean climate at altitudes above 440 m above sea level. This has also been observed in a commercial 10-year-old vineyard of ‘Shiraz’ grapevines grafted on SO4 rootstock. The almond-peach rootstock GF-677 can also be grown in infested soil, but in commercial orchards requires additional treatment for adequate disease control.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Produk Inovasi Olahan Ikan Asin pada Kelompok Nelayan RT 48 Kelurahan Manggar
Authors: Handoyo Ugroseno Damara Prasadhana , Agustina Shofa , Effendy Nazhiifah Oktavia , Saputra Ade Riyan , Patiasari Suci , Pagau Annisa Tahir
Published: September 2024

Pengembangan Inovasi (PI) merupakan kegiatan pengabdian mahasiswa STIE Madani Balikpapan kepada pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) yang berada di salah satu kelurahan yang ada di kota Balikpapan. Target sasaran UMKM yang dituju oleh kelompok 7 PI mahasiswa STIE Madani Balikpapan yaitu Kelompok Nelayan di RT 48 Kelurahan Manggar, Kecamatan Balikpapan Timur. Program dilaksanakan dengan kerja sama POKJA II Kelurahan Manggar, Kelompok PKK dan PT Pamapersada Nusantara Balikpapan. Tujuan kegiatan Pengembangan Inovasi yaitu: 1) Membantu dalam pendampingan pengolahan produk inovasi dari ikan asin; 2) Membantu dalam pembuatan desain stiker kemasan produk; 3) Membantu dalam memberikan pengetahuan kewirausahaan melalui kegiatan seminar kewirausahaan; serta 4) Membantu dalam proses pembentukan dan peresmian kelompok UMKM baru bagi masyarakat Kelompok Nelayan RT 48 Kelurahan Manggar. Hasil dari Pengembangan Inovasi pada kelompok nelayan RT 48 Kelurahan Manggar adalah membentuk UMKM dan menghasilkan produk inovasi berupa basreng ikan asin, dimana ikan asin merupakan hasil tangkapan para nelayan di RT 48 Kelurahan Manggar.
Penguatan Praktik Pemberian Makanan pada Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) Melalui Simulasi dan Demonstrasi Pemberian MP-ASI
Authors: Yudianti Yudianti , Hapzah Hapzah , Nurliah Nurliah , Nurbaya Nurbaya
Published: September 2024

West Sulawesi Province is the highest province with stunting above the WHO cut-off (20%), where the incidence of stunting in West Sulawesi is 39.7%. One of the causes of growth and development disorders for babies and children aged 6 to 23 months in Indonesia is the low level of knowledge and practice of providing exclusive breastfeeding, the low quality of complementary feeding. This activity aimed to train and strengthen the practice of giving complementary foods to toddlers by simulating and demonstrating giving complementary foods in accordance with WHO standards. The methods used are counseling, simulation and demonstration of complementary feeding patterns. The target was 30 mothers of toddlers and 5 posyandu cadres. There was an increase in participants' knowledge from 60% to 97% and participants were able to demonstrate the practice of providing MP-ASI based on local food well. It is important to frequently refresh the pattern of giving complementary foods to mothers in groups so that mothers can share knowledge and support each other in practicing the right pattern of giving complementary foods.
Penyuluhan CTPS Kepada Siswa/i SDN 013 di Makroman Kelurahan Sindang Sari
Authors: Setiawan Fikal , Yanti Devi , Anggara Muhammad Wisnu Dwi , Salsabila Azzahra Shafa , Afifah Nur Annisa , Rusdi Rusdi , Habibi Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS) dianggap sebagai metode mendasar yang paling penting untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit menular dengan tingkat efektivitas sebesar 80% dalam mengatasi infeksi umum dan 45% untuk mencegah penyakit yang lebih serius. Mencuci tangan dengan benar dapat menghindari berbagai penyakit seperti Diare dan ISPA, Hepatitis, Thypus, dan Flu Burung dimana penyakit tersebut sering menyebabkan kematian pada masyarakat terutama anak-anak. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa-siswi kelas IV SDN 013 di Makroman Kelurahan Sindang Sari Kota Samarinda melalui penyuluhan Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS). Metode pengabdian yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan secara demonstrasi dan pengukuran menggunakan rancangan One group Pre-test dan post-test. Kegiatan dilaksanakan secara langsung yang disampaikan secara informal kepada siswa/i kelas IV SDN 013 Makroman. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan pada siswa/i kelas IV-A & IV-B tentang perilaku CTPS yang dapat diliat dari nilai mean pretest 41.82 & 44.00 meningkat menjadi 73.64 & 81.60 dengan melihat (2-tailed) < 0,05 yang menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara pengetahuan sebelum penyuluhan dengan pengetahuan sesudah penyuluhan. Diharapkan pihak sekolah mampu menyosialisasikan secara berkala dan keluarga dapat memantau keberlanjutan siswa/i dalam membiasakan diri untuk cuci tangan dengan baik dan benar sesuai langkah-langkah CTPS dengan tujuan menjadi kebiasaan sehari-hari.
Workshop “Short Story Writing on Family and Friend Theme” untuk Mengurangi Kecemasan Menulis Berbahasa Asing
Authors: Harida Ratri , Mustikasari Rizki , Munifah Siti , Kartikasari Fitriana
Published: September 2024

Kecemasan berbahasa Inggris pada pembelajar EFL bisa terjadi karena kurangnya pengalaman dan kepercayaan diri dalam menggunakan bahasa. Menulis cerpen juga dapat menjadi media untuk menyampaikan pesan moral atau nilai-nilai kehidupan kepada pembaca. Workshop/Pelatihan pengabdian yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang pembuatan cerita pendek berbahasa Inggris bagi mahasiswa di Karisidenan Madiun diikuti oleh 23 mahasiswa. Workshop “Short Story Writing on Family and Friend Theme untuk Mahasiswa se-Karisidenan Madiun” dilaksanakan di STKIP PGRI Ponorogo dalam tiga sesi: pemaparan materi, demonstrasi, dan sesi klinis pembuatan cerita pendek. Berdasarkan hasil pascakuesioner yang diberikan di akhir workshop, sebagian besar peserta (84%) menyatakan pelatihan ini membantu peningkatan kepercayaan diri dalam menggunakan bahasa Inggris untuk menulis tentang keluarga dan teman. Workshop ini juga dianggap cukup membantu (51%) mengurangi kecemasan menulis cerita pendek dalam bahasa Inggris. Dari segi kinerja siswa, 76% peserta menilai performance para pemateri ini baik, 24% menilai baik, dan hanya 2% yang menyatakan kurang baik. 82% peserta juga menyetujui pelatihan lanjutan mengenai penulisan cerita pendek berbahasa Inggris dengan tema yang berbeda.
Pengabdian Masyarakat dalam Bidang Hukum: Program Pendidikan Hukum untuk Anak-anak Muda di Kelurahan Gersik
Authors: Zainul L. M. , Pratama Muhammad Firdaus , Tanjung Ronaaziyyah , Putri Sophia Diana , Udhma Ziad Nazila Nakil , Alamsyah Dhani , Lathifa Muftya Ul , Al Mutawaqil M. Irsyad , Jalanidi Narendra , Sari Selvia Indah , Allo Welem Yahya Tarul
Published: September 2024

Artikel ini membahas tentang suatu program kemasyarakatan yang dilakukan di wilayah Kelurahan Gersik dalam bidang hukum sebagai solusi bagi persoalan yang dihadapi oleh anak-anak muda di wilayah tersebut. Artikel ini menjelaskan dasar pemilihan program pengabdian yang dilakukan, metodologi yang dipilih dalam pelaksanaannya, serta persiapan yang diperlukan sebelum program dimulai. Program ini bertujuan mengenalkan aspek-aspek pendidikan hukum kepada anak-anak muda di Kelurahan Gersik sebagai upaya untuk memecahkan persoalan hukum yang mereka hadapi. Pelaksanaan program ini dilakukan melalui berbagai kegiatan yang meliputi pemberian materi, diskusi kelompok, dan simulasi kasus hukum. Setelah program selesai, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap hasil yang dicapai untuk mengevaluasi keberhasilan program pengabdian ini dalam memecahkan persoalan hukum di Kelurahan Gersik. Artikel ini disusun berdasarkan fakta di lapangan serta pengalaman dari pelaksanaan program pengabdian masyarakat di Kelurahan Gersik. Meskipun tidak sempurna, artikel ini memberikan gambaran ringkas, faktual, dan lugas mengenai program tersebut. Hasil dari program ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat nyata bagi anak-anak muda di Kelurahan Gersik serta menjadi inspirasi bagi program-program serupa di wilayah lainnya.
Sosialisasi Peningkatan Kesadaran dan Keselamatan Berkendara di Kalangan Remaja SMA Negeri 2 Kelurahan Waru, Penajam Paser Utara
Authors: Matyani Matyani , Sofyan Orland Diadema Garibaldi , Wati Nurini Aprilia , Putri Vinny Cahya Wulan , Jhodelyn Khezya Cartila , Chayrunisa Nurmila , Nurhasan Wahyu , Nursella Nursella , Anindra Rhendy , Alfaridzi Muhammad Fatahila , Hadayati Nur
Published: September 2024

Keselamatan berkendara merupakan isu yang mendesak di seluruh dunia, dengan kecelakaan lalu lintas terus menjadi ancaman bagi masyarakat. Faktor-faktor seperti peningkatan jumlah kendaraan, kurangnya kesadaran akan aturan lalu lintas, serta kurangnya infrastruktur yang aman telah menyebabkan tingginya angka kecelakaan dan korban jiwa. Studi ini menyelidiki berbagai aspek keselamatan berkendara, termasuk peran teknologi dalam mengurangi risiko kecelakaan, pendidikan tentang kesadaran lalu lintas, dan peran pemerintah dalam menyediakan infrastruktur yang aman. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pentingnya kesadaran mengenai keselamatan berkendara pada pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Penajam Paser Utara. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan berupa pengajaran dan diskusi interaktif mengenai pentingnya keselamatan berkendara untuk para pelajar. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan yaitu terwujudnya peningkatan kesadaran dan keselamatan berkendara pada remaja pelajar SMA Negeri 2 Penajam Paser Utara.  Disarankan pemerintah dan pihak terkait untuk lebih sering memberikan sosialisasi  dan  edukasi  kepada siswa/i maupun masyarakat terkait  keselamatan  berkendara.  Bagi  pengendara  disarankan tetap berkendara dengan aman dan disiplin mematuhi peraturan lalu lintas.
Penyuluhan dan Sosialisasi Hukum: Gratifikasi Dalam Perspektif Hukum di SMA Swasta APIPSU Medan
Authors: Siregar Dahris , Fadhilah Cut Rafyqa , Mahasari Jamaluddin , Ndruru Maria Fransiska , Laoli Albert Christianwan , Lase Wezdi Damai , Laia Primasali
Published: September 2024

Legal counseling and socialization activities for APIPSU Medan High School students are gratification from a legal perspective. This exercise aims to educate pupils about the law and inspire them to take part in forming moral character and abstaining from immoral behaviour. To achieve this goal, in addition, it called on the Indonesian government to take firmer measures to reduce the level of corruption. To accomplish this task, the resulting material on corruption crimes is presented. Next, students talk and ask questions to the speaker. In general, the purpose of this extension is to identify two things intended to determine the level of understanding and sensitivity of students to law enforcement in handling gratuities that occur in their surrounding environment and point out other options that researchers use to increase students' awareness and understanding of law enforcement in handling gratuities around them. This activity goes well, anti-corruption learning can help students develop good and honest character. Although the country's economy is not directly affected by anti-corruption education, a sustainable one can lower the level of corruption in the Indonesian government and society.
Providing Authentic Assessments for SMPN 03 Lebong and MAN Rejang Lebong Teachers in Support of the Merdeka Curriculum Implementation
Authors: Nursa'adah Euis , Ruyani Aceng , Karyadi Bhakti , Fitri Elsi Adelia
Published: September 2024

All schools, both middle and high school levels, are preparing to implement the Merdeka Curriculum in the following year. Learning innovations in the Merdeka Curriculum must be accompanied by the ability to assess learning outcomes and processes appropriately. Assessments are no longer based on paper and pencil tests but must authentically assess student skills. Through authentic assessment as an alternative assessment, students are accustomed to carrying out work according to job demands, where tasks are designed to follow real-world replication. Authentic assessment has the potential to improve learning for students ready to work in the real world. The ability to design authentic assessments is provided in this activity through the I-CARE design at SMPN 03 Lebong and MAN Rejang Lebong. This activity was attended by 30 teachers from both schools. The results show that the majority of teachers can distinguish between diagnostic, formative, and summative assessment functions, besides being able to understand the types of authentic assessment and being able to design authentic assessments to support student-centered learning by the character of the Merdeka Curriculum.
Pendampingan Identifikasi Kecacatan Kualitas Produk Melalui Review Pelanggan di E-commerce
Authors: Habyba Anik Nur , Marie Iveline Anne , Maulidya Rahmi , Sari Indah Permata , Dewayana Triwulandari Satitidjati
Published: September 2024

E-commerce terbukti mampu meningkatkan penjualan produk. PT TIJ memanfaatkan e-commerce dengan sangat baik dan mampu menaikkan penjualan produk tas wanita. Selama tahun 2023, PT TIJ mampu meningkatkan sampai tiga kali lipat produksi tas dan penjualan online melalui beberapa e-commerce. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kapasitas produksi, berbagai masalah juga ditemui terutama terkait produk retur dari pelanggan. Pelanggan menerima produk dengan kecacatan produk pada tas yang dibeli melalui e-commerce. Kecacatan ini dapat terjadi akibat proses pengiriman atau saat proses produksi. Data review pelanggan banyak mengandung data kecacatan produk yang belum dianalisis oleh PT TIJ. Data ini dapat diakses secara luas oleh pesaing. Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini memberikan pendampingan identifikasi kecacatan produk melalui data review pelanggan di e-commerce. Selain itu, bagaimana seharusnya komunikasi antardepartemen dilakukan. Peserta pendampingan terdiri dari 14 karyawan dan mewakili masing-maisng departemen Produksi, Quality Control, dan Pemasaran. Temuan analisis ulasan pelanggan PT TIJ dapat melakukan identifikasi kecacatan produk pada penilaian rating 1-3 yang paling banyak memiliki ulasan. Selain itu, e-commerce Shopee menjadi prioritas utama data identifikasi kecacatan karena memiliki jumlah penilaian produk terbanyak dibanding platform yang lain. Setelah pendampingan dilakukan, terdapat peningkatan pemahaman peserta terhadap manajemen kualitas produk. Namun ke depannya program perlu dilakukan lebih intensif dan disesuaikan dengan jobdesk peserta.