bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Descriptions of final instar larvae of six species of the genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) in Japan
Authors: ITO TOMIKO
Published: January 2021

Final instar larvae of six species of the genus Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) belonging to three species groups are described based on Japanese specimens. These are H. phenianica Botosaneanu 1970, H. dampfi Ulmer 1929 and H. oguranis Kobayashi 1974 of the H. pulchricornis Species Group, H. kakidaensis Nozaki & Tanida 2007 and H. botosaneanui Kumanski 1990 of the H. tineoides Species Group, and H. nanseiensis Ito 2011 (in Ito et al. 2011), which is unplaced to species group. They can be distinguished from each other by the color patterns of the head and thoracic nota, relative lengths of the longest head setae to the width of the head, and number of setae on the thorax. For discrimination of species groups, the arrangement of chloride epithelia of abdominal segments is likely to be useful, since it differs in the three species groups studied here.
New species and new records of Hydropsychinae (Insecta: Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from India
Authors: PANDHER MANPREET SINGH , KAUR SIMARJIT , GARIMA DEEPTI
Published: January 2021

Two new species of genus Hydromanicus Brauer 1865 are described and illustrated: Hydromanicus religiosus sp. nov. and Hydromanicus sikkimensis sp. nov. (both from Sikkim). Potamyia phaidra Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 (from Meghalaya) and Cheumatopsyche chrysothemis Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1997 and Hydromanicus inferior Chantaramongkol & Malicky 1995 (both from West Bengal) are also reported for the first time from India. Further, the species Potamyia trenhona Oláh & Barnard 2006 (in Oláh et al. 2006) is considered a synonym of P. phaidra based on the similarity in wing venation, male genitalic appendages, and phallic structure.
The Role of Surface Heat Fluxes on the Size of Typhoon Megi (2016)
Authors: Shen Li-Zhi , Wu Chun-Chieh , Judt Falko
Published: January 2021

This study attempts to understand how surface heat fluxes in different storm regions affect tropical cyclone (TC) size. The Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) Model (version 3.5.1) is used to simulate Typhoon Megi (2016). A series of numerical experiments are carried out, including a control simulation and several sensitivity experiments with surface heat fluxes suppressed in different TC regions [to mimic the reduction of the wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) feedback in the inner and/or outer core]. The results show that with surface heat fluxes suppressed in the entire domain, the TC tends to be smaller. Meanwhile, the TC size is more sensitive to the surface heat flux change in the outer core than to that in the inner core. Suppressing surface heat fluxes can weaken the rainbands around the suppressed area, which in turn slows down the secondary circulation. When the surface heat flux is suppressed in the inner-core region, the weakening of the secondary circulation associated with the diminished inner rainbands is limited to the inner-core region, and only slightly affects the absolute angular momentum import from the outer region, thus having negligible impact on TC size. However, suppression of surface heat fluxes in the outer-core region leads to less active outer rainbands and a more substantial weakening of secondary circulation. This results in less absolute momentum import from the outer region and in turn a smaller TC.
Mid-Infrared Scattering in γ-Al2O3 Catalytic Powders
Authors: Blaisdell-Pijuan Paris , Chen Zhe , Zhang Yiteng , Sundaresan Sankaran , Koel Bruce , Gmachl Claire
Published: January 2021

The energy efficiency of heterogeneous catalytic processes may be improved by using mid-infrared light to excite gas-phase reactants during the reaction, since vibrational excitation of molecules has been shown to increase their reactivity at the gas-catalyst interface. A primary challenge for such light-enabled catalysis is the need to ensure close coupling between light-excited molecules and the catalyst throughout the reactor. Thus, it is imperative to understand how to couple infrared light efficiently to molecules near and inside catalytic material. Heterogenous catalysts are often nanoscale metal particles supported on high surface area, porous oxide materials and exhibit feature sizes across multiple scattering regimes with respect to the mid-infrared wavelength. These complex powders make a direct measurement of the scattering properties challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of directional hemispherical measurements along with the in-line transmission measurement allow for a direct measurement of the scattered light signal. We implement this technique to study the scattering behavior of the catalytic support material γ-Al2O3 (with and without metal loading) between 1040 and 1220 cm−1. We first study how both the mean grain size affects the scattering behavior by comparing three different mean grain sizes spanning three orders of magnitude (2, 40, and 900 µm). Furthermore, we study how the addition of metal catalyst nanoparticles, Ru, or Cu, to the support material impacts the light scattering behavior of the powder. We find that the 40 µm grain size scatters the most (up to 97% at 1220 cm−1) and that the addition of metal nanoparticles narrows the scattering angle but does not decrease the scattering efficiency. The strong scattering of the 40 µm grains makes them the most ideal support material of those studied for the given spectrum because of their ability to distribute light within the reactor. Finally, we estimate that less than 100 mW of laser power is needed to cause significant excitation for testing mid-infrared catalysis in a Harrick Praying Mantis diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reactor, a magnitude easily available using commercial mid-infrared lasers. Our work also provides a mid-infrared foundation for a wide range of studies of light-enabled catalysis and can be extended to other wavelengths of light or to study the scattering behavior of other complex powders in other fields, including ceramics, biomaterials, and geology.
Superdiversity re-imagined: Applying superdiversity theory to research beyond migration studies
Authors: Kirwan Gloria
Published: January 2021

Superdiversity, as a concept, has assisted researchers to reveal heretofore hidden phenomena in society and to illuminate the nuanced subjectivity of migrant flows and the multidimensionality of migratory experiences. This article argues that the core tenets of superdiversity theory can help address epistemological questions in relation to issues beyond the parameters of migration studies. The topic of mental illness is used as an example through which to contemplate or ‘imagine’ the potential of superdiversity theory to assist researchers to break through limiting perspectives and to engage in innovative enquiry. Drawing on Mills’ call for sociological curiosity, this article proposes that a superdiversity lens can be used to think imaginatively in research on mental illness and potentially many other topics. Superdiversity theory has been influential in shaping new ways of understanding migration and population diversity but the question addressed here is whether this lens carries the potential to produce a similar disruptive impact in a wider research sphere.
Oliceridine
Authors: Craft Brittany M. , Baker Danial E.
Published: January 2021

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are available online to subscribers. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service, contact Wolters Kluwer customer service at 866-397-3433.
Method of personalized educational resource recommendation based on LDA and learner’s behavior
Authors: Lin Qi , He Shan , Deng Yu
Published: January 2021

With the popularization of online education and the rapid increase of network learning resources, it is urgent to provide high-quality personalized resource recommendation services for learners. Collaborative filtering recommendation is one of the most commonly used recommendation methods. This paper calculates the importance of courses by analyzing the external attribute tolerance and internal attribute quality value, and then constructs LDA user interest model to calculate the user's preference for topics, so as to complete the recommendation of personalized learning resource. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the effect of personalized learning resource recommendation. The proposed algorithm has higher accuracy and effectively improves the management efficiency of online course resources. The proposed method provides the reference to the personalized educational resource recommendation.
Sibling Transmission of Gang Involvement
Authors: Hashimi Sadaf , Wakefield Sara , Apel Robert
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

The processes driving gang entry and disengagement are central to classic and contemporary criminological research on gang involvement. Yet, the role of delinquent peer friendship networks in contouring gang membership has driven much of criminological research, with little empirical research devoted to understanding sibling influences on the gang career.

Method:

The study uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to examine the transmission of gang membership among similar-aged siblings. These data offer the opportunity to use siblings’ self-report of gang involvement as a determinant of focal youths’ self-report of gang involvement while treating gang entry, persistence, and exit (and reentry) as unique transitions with potentially asymmetric determinants.

Results:

Results from the event history models indicate that gang involved siblings increase the hazard of entry and re-entry into the gang but have little influence on exit decisions. Sibling configurations with respect to sex and age-order further conditions these relations, with brothers and older siblings most influential.

Conclusion:

Ties to siblings serve as a salient and intimate type of social tie with siblings serving multiplex roles in each other’s lives. Findings lend additional insight on crime concentration in family networks and advance our understanding of continuity and change in gang involvement
Impact of poor evidence management on DNA profiling in sexual assault and homicide: A case report
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Puri Pooja , Shukla SK , Verma Deepa
Published: January 2021

Increasing numbers of female victims of violent sexual assaults are being murdered with the aim of concealing the identity of the perpetrator. Proper handling and analysis of evidence is very important in gaining a conviction in many criminal cases. After evidence is collected, due precautions must be taken to ensure that the integrity of the sample is maintained, and chances of contamination are minimised. This paper presents a case study where improper handling of biological evidence led to loss of evidentiary value, and the semen could not be located on the vaginal swabs and victim’s garments due to improper preservation of samples. However, the DNA from the nail of a decomposed finger helped identify the victim, and the suspect was apprehended based on the clues given by her family.
Cardiac tamponade and its medicolegal aspects: A case report
Authors: Chhabra Harvinder S , Kumar Ashwini , Kaur Navdeep , Chhabra Darshpreet Singh
Published: January 2021

Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening emergency having both acute and a delayed presentation. In the latter there is a potential for medical practitioners to miss the diagnosis as happened in our case resulting in allegations of medical negligence. Before starting the autopsy in such cases, the forensic pathologist should try to obtain the complete treatment record and be ready to request ancillary investigations as required. We report a case of death due to cardiac tamponade caused by a penetrating injury to the heart. A feature of this case was the failure of our medical system to diagnose the condition and the legal system due to failure of the police to register the first information report under appropriate legal sections.
The Vision of God: Kenneth Kirk – a critical appreciation
Authors: Platten Stephen
Published: January 2021

A critical assessment of Bishop Kenneth Kirk’s classic book The Vision of God and its reception within, and influence upon, Anglican moral theology.
Orbital tumour or a retained foreign body? An uncommon case of missed diagnosis
Authors: Rastogi Anju , Gaonker Tanvi , Dhiman Shweta , Rajurkar Ketaki
Published: January 2021

We report a case who presented with decreased vision, significant hypotropia, proptosis and gross limitation of extraocular motility for one year. Suspecting an orbital tumour, we asked for a computed tomography of the orbit which revealed a mass lesion in the inferior orbit. However, incisional biopsy reported inflammatory infiltration. Diagnosing it as orbital inflammatory disease, a course of oral steroids was given for four weeks. It was only after the reduction in inflammation that a foreign body was palpable in the inferior fornix. Surgical exploration revealed a large wooden foreign body measuring 3.3 × 1 × 0.3 cm. Though intraorbital foreign bodies are not rare, ambiguous history, delayed presentation and nonspecific CT findings made this case diagnostically challenging.
Immigrant believers from Muslim backgrounds and factors that facilitate a positive Christian identity
Authors: Totire Alan
Published: January 2021

Ministry to Muslims has increasingly focused attention on the retention and discipleship of believers from Muslim backgrounds within the Christian community, and is often framed as issues pertaining to identity formation. This article is based on a dissertation completed in 2015 where 20 immigrant believers from Muslim backgrounds in North America were interviewed, and their experiences were interpreted according to Henri Tajfel and John Turner’s social identity theory and self-categorization theory. Interpreted as “walking out of Islam and walking Christianity out,” this article sheds light on believers from Muslim backgrounds’ post-conversion processes as they seek to find the ideal Christian community to walk their faith out, with implications for ministries reaching out to the diaspora and issues pertaining to globalization and cultural hybridization.
TG and DSC as tools to analyse the thermal behaviour of EVA copolymers
Authors: Díez E , Rodríguez A , Gómez JM , Galán J
Published: January 2021

This paper analyses the thermal behaviour of six EVA copolymers supplied by REPSOL Company. In relation to crystallization and melting temperatures, both of them decrease when the vinyl acetate percentage increases, in agreement with the fact that polyethylene is a semi-crystalline material, whereas polyvinylacetate is an amorphous polymer. Actually, when the vinyl acetate percentage reaches 30%, the copolymer is practically amorphous. The non-isothermal crystallization was modelled with the modified Avrami model that showed, with the exception of EVA-460 (the material with higher vinyl acetate percentage), the presence of a secondary crystallization due to spherulite impingement in the later stage of the non-isothermal crystallization. The TG analysis indicated two weight loss stages, the first one due to acetic acid loss and the second one due to fragments of polymer backbone, which appear as two separate peaks in the DTG plots. Finally, due to the linear dependence of melting and crystallization temperatures and of the minimum value of DTG peaks on vinyl acetate percentage, it can be concluded that both TG and DSC techniques can be employed to determine the vinyl acetate percentage of a certain copolymer.
Training Structural Awareness with StatHand: A 1 Year Follow-Up
Authors: Allen Peter J. , Fielding Jessica L. , Westermann Annabel H. , Lafratta Amelia M.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Allen, Fielding, East, et al. demonstrated experimentally that structural awareness, or the ability to disregard a research problem’s topic and instead focus on its structural features, can be trained using StatHand ( https://stathand.net ). Most training benefits persisted for 1 week.

Objective:

The objective was to assess the longer-term effects of training.

Method:

One year after training (or control activities), 54 participants were re-administered 5 measures of structural awareness and 1 statistic selection measure.

Results:

Trained participants continued to reliably out-perform control participants on 4 measures of structural awareness, though no longer on the 5th. Over the year, decrements in trained participants’ performance on the 5 structural awareness measures were mostly small. However, 1 year after training, the trained participants’ statistic selection advantage had largely disappeared.

Conclusion:

Brief structural awareness training can have long-term benefits, though selecting an appropriate statistical test for common research scenarios without assistance remains a difficult task.

Teaching Implications:

Structural awareness can be trained. However, even structurally aware students cannot reliably select appropriate statistics without assistance. Training plus easy access to a decision-making aid should maximize statistic selection accuracy. Our evidence-based training methods and materials, including StatHand, can be freely used and adapted for these purposes.
Associations between Diet and Sleep Duration in Different Menopausal Stages
Authors: Zhu Bingqian , Grandner Michael A. , Jackson Nicholas J. , Pien Grace W. , Srimoragot Manassawee , Knutson Kristen L. , Izci-Balserak Bilgay
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine which dietary factors were associated with habitual sleep duration in pre/peri- and post-menopausal women. Data from the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used ( N = 1,783). Habitual sleep duration was categorized as very short (<5 h), short (5–6 h), normal (7–8 h), and long (≥9 h). Diet assessment was performed following validated procedures. In pre/peri-menopausal women ( n = 1,116), controlling for the confounders, fewer number of foods, less intake of protein, carbohydrates, thiamin (B1), food folate, total choline, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and selenium were significantly associated with a higher risk for very short sleep. Being on a low-salt diet was related to a lower risk for long sleep. In comparison, in post-menopausal women ( n = 667), controlling for the confounders, more sugar intake, less intake of phosphorus and zinc were related to a higher risk for short sleep. There were novel associations between diet and sleep duration, particularly among pre/peri-menopausal women. Future research is needed to confirm those causal relationships.
Geriatric Depression and Cognitive Impairment—An Update
Authors: Mukku Shiva Shanker Reddy , Dahale Ajit Bhalchandra , Muniswamy Nagalakshmi Rajavoor , Muliyala Krishna Prasad , Sivakumar Palanimuthu Thangaraju , Varghese Mathew
Published: January 2021

Background:

Depression and cognitive impairment often coexist in older adults. The relation between depression and cognitive impairment is complex. The objective of this article is to review recent literature on cognitive impairment in older adults with depression and provide clinicians an update.

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Psych Info for the articles published in the English language related to late-life depression (LLD)/geriatric depression and cognitive impairment. We considered original research articles, relevant systematic reviews, chapters, and important conceptual articles published in the last 9 years (2011–2019). We selected relevant articles for this narrative review.

Conclusion:

The concept pseudodementia, indicating depression with cognitive impairment mimicking dementia, is now seen only as a historical concept. The current literature strongly agrees with fact that cognitive deficits often exist in LLD. The cognitive deficits in depression were initially seen as trait marker; however, some recent studies suggest that cognitive deficits persist even in the remission phase. There is heterogeneity among the studies in terms of the nature of the cognitive deficits, but higher number of studies reported impairment in attention and executive function. LLD with cognitive deficits is at a higher risk of progression to dementia. In older adults, depression with cognitive impairments requires a comprehensive evaluation. Electroencephalography, event-related potentials, fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography, amyloid positron emission tomography, and CSF amyloid will supplement clinical evaluation in differentiating functional depressive disorder with cognitive impairment from depression with an underlying degenerative condition.
Candida pelliculosa sepsis in a neonate: a case report
Authors: Cai Zeyu , Wei Wei , Cheng Zhongle
Published: January 2021

Candida pelliculosa is a rare fungal cause of neonatal sepsis. Premature and very low birthweight infants are at especially high risk of neonatal fungal infections. There have been no reports of C. pelliculosa infection in Anhui Province, China. Here, we report a case of C. pelliculosa fungemia in a newborn boy admitted 30 minutes after delivery with grunting, cyanosis, and asphyxia. C. pelliculosa was identified as the causative organism using blood culture, DNA sequencing, and mass spectrometric analysis. After 20 days of fluconazole therapy, the patient’s symptoms stabilized. Together with other relevant literature, this report provides evidence that premature neonates are at increased risk of fungal infections and that C. pelliculosa fungemia should be diagnosed early using blood cultures to enable effective treatment. Fluconazole may be effective for treating neonates with C. pelliculosa infection.
Use of non-contact infrared thermometers in rehabilitation patients: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Chen Zhen , Wang Hui , Wang Yi , Lin Hongmei , Zhu Xiuping , Wang Yaqin
Published: January 2021

Objective

In this randomized controlled study, we aimed to determine whether non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) are more time-efficient and create less patient distress than mercury axillary thermometers (MATs) and infrared tympanic thermometers (ITTs).

Methods

Forty-five rehabilitation inpatients were randomly assigned to one of three groups (NCIT, MAT, and ITT). Time required to measure body temperature with an NCIT, MAT, and ITT was recorded. We examined associations between time required to take patients’ temperature and measuring device used. Patient distress experienced during temperature measurement using the three thermometers was recorded.

Results

A significantly longer average time was required to measure temperatures using the MAT (mean 43.17, standard deviation [SD] 8.39) than the ITT (mean 13.74, SD 1.63) and NCIT (mean 12.13, SD 1.18). The thermometer used influenced the time required to measure body temperature (t = 33.99). There were significant differences among groups (NCIT vs. ITT, NCIT vs. MAT, and ITT vs. MAT) regarding patient distress among the different thermometers. Most distress arose owing to needing help from others, sleep disruption, and boredom.

Conclusion

The NCIT has clinically relevant advantages over the ITT and MAT in measuring body temperature among rehabilitation patients, including saving nurses’ time and avoiding unnecessary patient distress. Clinical trial registration number ( http://www.chictr.org.cn ): ChiCTR1800019756.
A Rare Case of Adult Aortopulmonary Window Combined with Anomalous Origin of the Right Pulmonary Artery from the Aorta Leading to Eisenmenger Syndrome
Authors: Cui Mingyue , Xia Binfeng , Wang Heru , Liu Haihui , Yin Xia
Published: January 2021

Aortopulmonary window is a rare congenital heart disease that can increase pulmonary vascular resistance, exacerbate left-to-right shunt and lead to heart failure and respiratory tract infections. Most patients die during childhood. We report a 53-year-old male patient with a large aortopulmonary window combined with anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the aorta, with Eisenmenger syndrome and without surgery.
Challenging the financialization of remittances agenda through Indigenous women’s practices in Oaxaca
Authors: Smyth Araby
Published: January 2021

Remittances, money sent by migrants to their communities of origin, are increasingly being linked to global financial inclusion in what is being called the “financialization of remittances.” This is the most recent attempt to divert remittances from “non-productive” money to savings and investments that can be mobilized for economic development. The literature that accompanies this strategy focuses on the responsibility of individuals to use remittances productively and invest wisely, and there is often an implied – and gendered - social component: if women link remittances to financial services, they will become empowered and lift themselves out of poverty. Based on ethnographic research in an Indigenous village in Oaxaca, Mexico, this paper offers empirics on the effects of remittance flows in women's everyday lives. Feminist scholars have long critiqued the universalism and abstractness of global development agendas, particularly those that preclude gender, and emanate from the Global North. Joining these critical voices and mobilizing postcolonial and feminist scholarship, this paper challenges the individualist logics and dichotomies underpinning the financialization of remittances agenda: that remittance spending is either productive or not and that women are empowered or not through linking remittances to finance.
The geography of business angel investments in the UK: Does local bias (still) matter?
Authors: Cowling Marc , Brown Ross , Lee Neil
Published: January 2021

Business angels (BAs) - high net worth individuals who provide informal risk capital to firms - are seen as important providers of entrepreneurial finance. Theory and conventional wisdom suggest that the need for face-to-face interaction will ensure angels will have a strong predilection for local investments. We empirically test this assumption using a large representative survey of UK BAs. Our results show local bias is less common than previously thought with only one quarter of total investments made locally. However, we also show pronounced regional disparities, with investment activity dominated by BAs in London and Southern England. In these locations there is a stronger propensity for localised investment patterns mediated by the ‘thick’ nature of the informal risk capital market. Together these trends further reinforce and exacerbate the disparities evident in the UK’s financial system. The findings make an important contribution to the literature and public policy debates on the uneven nature of financial markets for sources of entrepreneurial finance.
Automotive regions in transition: Preparing for connected and automated vehicles
Authors: Trippl Michaela , Baumgartinger-Seiringer Simon , Goracinova Elena , Wolfe David A
Published: January 2021

The advent of ‘connected and automated vehicles’ (C/AV) is posing substantial transformation challenges for traditional automotive regions across the world. This article seeks to examine both conceptually and empirically how automotive regions reconfigure their industrial and support structures to promote new path development in the C/AV field. Drawing on recent conceptual advances at the intersection of evolutionary economic geography and innovation system studies, we develop an analytical framework that casts light on how regional preconditions provide platforms for asset modification that underpin different routes of transformation. We distinguish between a reorientation route and an upgrading route. The framework is applied to a comparative analysis of industrial path development and system reconfiguration towards C/AV in two automotive regions, namely Ontario (Canada) and the Austrian automotive triangle.
A method for spatio-temporal process assessment of eco-geological environmental security in mining areas using catastrophe theory and projection pursuit model
Authors: Shao Huaiyong , Sun Xiaofei , Lin Ying , Xian Wei , Zhou Yingzhi , Yuan Linguo , Qi Jiaguo
Published: January 2021

It is a universal problem that the eco-geological environment has been damaged by mineral resources exploitation. The accurate evaluation of eco-geological environmental security (EES) in mining areas is essential for restoring the environment of the mining area. However, a robust approach to obtaining an accurate evaluation of ESS has not yet been produced due to the complex spatio-temporal process of EES. Here, we developed a new method for enabling the quantitative evaluation of the EES spatio-temporal process. The EES evaluation index system of mining areas was established from both natural and anthropogenic aspects. The EES evaluation method was developed by combining the catastrophe theory and projection pursuit model (PPM). Then, with the support of remote sensing (RS) and a geographic information system (GIS), the method was applied to evaluate the spatio-temporal process of EES in Panxi mining area. The bifurcation curve and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to verify the developed method. The results showed that this method could accurately evaluate the spatio-temporal process of EES in a mining area and could successfully recognise the threshold value to distinguish the safe status and unsafe status. Strong spatio-temporal variations of EES in Panxi area were found, which may be the result of the combined effect of multiple factors (e.g. mineral resource exploitation, soil erosion, and ecological restoration). In summary, the combination of catastrophe theory and PPM with RS and GIS to quantitatively evaluate the spatio-temporal process of EES in mining areas is a robust method.
Prevalence of pre-cluster symptoms in episodic cluster headache: Is it possible to predict an upcoming bout?
Authors: Pedersen Adam Sebastian , Snoer Agneta , Barloese Mads , Petersen Anja , Jensen Rigmor Højland
Published: January 2021

Background

Early symptoms prior to a cluster headache bout have been reported to occur days or weeks before the actual beginning of the cluster headache bouts. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of pre-cluster (premonitory) symptoms and examine the predictability of an upcoming cluster headache bout.

Methods

100 patients with episodic cluster headache were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. All patients underwent a semi-structured interview including 25 questions concerning pre-cluster symptoms.

Results

Pre-cluster symptoms were reported by 86% of patients with a mean of 6.8 days (interquartile range 3–14) preceding the bout. An ability to predict an upcoming bout was reported by 57% with a mean 4.6 days (interquartile range 2–7) before the bout. Occurrence of shadow attacks was associated with increased predictability (odds ratio: 3.06, confidence interval: 1.19–7.88, p-value = 0.020). In remission periods, 58% of patients reported mild cluster headache symptoms and 53% reported occurrence of single shadow attacks.

Conclusions

The majority of episodic cluster headache patients experienced pre-cluster symptoms, and more than half could predict an upcoming bout, suggesting the significant potential of early intervention. Furthermore, the experience of mild cluster headache symptoms and infrequent shadow attacks in remission periods is common and suggest an underlying pathophysiology extending beyond the cluster headache bouts.
Clinical Effectiveness of Intraoperative Tranexamic Acid Use in Shoulder Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hartland Alexander W. , Teoh Kar H. , Rashid Mustafa S.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used across surgical specialties to reduce perioperative bleeding. It has been shown to be effective in spinal surgery and lower limb arthroplasty. Among all languages, there are no systematic reviews or meta-analyses investigating its clinical effectiveness for all types of shoulder surgery.

Purpose:

To investigate the clinical effectiveness of TXA in all types of shoulder surgery, including open and arthroscopic procedures. To investigate the effect of TXA on bleeding and non–bleeding-related outcomes.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A protocol for the study was designed and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020185482). The literature search included the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. All randomized controlled trials evaluating the use of TXA against placebo, in all types of shoulder surgery, were included. Assessments were undertaken for risk of bias and certainty of evidence. The primary outcome was total blood loss. Secondary outcomes included those not directly related to bleeding. Data from comparable outcomes were pooled and analyzed quantitatively or descriptively, as appropriate.

Results:

Eight randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review, and data from 7 of these studies were pooled in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in 2 of 3 outcomes measuring perioperative bleeding with TXA compared with controls: estimated total blood loss (mean difference, −209.66 mL; 95% CI, −389.11 to −30.21; P = .02) and postoperative blood loss as measured by drain output (mean difference, −84.8 mL; 95% CI, −140.04 to −29.56; P = .003). Hemoglobin reduction was reduced but not statistically significant (mean difference, –0.33 g/dL; 95% CI −0.69 to 0.03; P = .07). This result became significant with sensitivity analysis excluding arthroscopic procedures.

Conclusion:

This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that TXA was effective in reducing blood loss in shoulder surgery. Larger randomized controlled trials with low risk of bias for specific surgical shoulder procedures are required.

Clinical Relevance:

TXA can be used across shoulder surgery to reduced perioperative blood loss. The use of TXA may have other beneficial features, including reduced postoperative pain and reduced operative time.
Impact of anatomical position of the inflow cannula on stroke in patients with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Takada Takuma , Nishinaka Tomohiro , Ichihara Yuki , Saito Satoshi , Imamura Yasutaka , Kikuchi Noriko , Hattori Hidetoshi , Suzuki Atsushi , Ashihara Kyomi , Shiga Tsuyoshi , Nunoda Shinichi , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Niinami Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

Stroke is a substantial complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The relationship between stroke and the anatomical position of the inflow cannula of patients who underwent LVAD implantation was investigated.

Methods:

We enrolled 15 patients with advanced-stage heart failure who underwent implantation of continuous-flow-LVAD. Data of patients who suffered a stroke within 6 months after LVAD implantation were retrospectively compared to those who remained free of stroke. The distance between the inflow duct and left ventricular (LV) septum (duct-sep distance) and its ratio to LV diastolic diameter (LVDd) were measured from echocardiography at 1 month after LVAD implantation. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the endpoint of stroke using the duct-sep distance to LVDd ratio was created and the cut-off value was calculated. The incidence of stroke during the 6 months after LVAD implantation according to this ratio was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results:

At 1 month after LVAD implantation, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics and echocardiography parameters between the stroke and stroke-free groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for the endpoint of stroke using the duct-sep distance to LVDd ratio revealed 0.217 as a cut-off value (sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 80%, area under the curve: 0.72). Stroke was more frequent in patients with a duct-sep distance to LVDd ratio ⩾0.217 at 1 month than in those with a lower ratio.

Conclusion:

The duct-sep distance to LVDd ratio was associated with the occurrence of stroke, suggesting that inflow cannula position influences the incidence of stroke.
Solving the bin location–allocation problem for household and recycle waste generated in the commune of Renca in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Letelier Carina , Blazquez Carola , Paredes-Belmar Germán
Published: January 2021

In the commune of Renca in Santiago, Chile, the household waste is currently collected on the kerbside and then thrown in the rear of a compactor truck. This system becomes inefficient when not all citizens are always serviced, yielding high overall collection costs and negative impacts on the environment and the society. Recently, recyclable waste collection sites have been situated throughout the commune, which need to be examined with respect to population coverage and average travel distances to these sites. This study employs mixed-integer linear programming models and geographic information systems to solve the bin location–allocation problem for household and recyclable waste separately. The results are shown for different values of waste generation, bin capacities, and travel distances, in addition to considering the users’ and municipality’s preferences in the decision-making process. The proposed recyclable waste bin locations present a more efficient solution than the existing collection sites in the commune of Renca since more users are serviced within a shorter travel distance to dispose of their recyclable waste.
Cognitive Instrumental Processes of Flipped Learners: Effects of Relevance for Learning, Quality of Learning Outcomes, and Result Demonstrability
Authors: Doo Min Young , Bonk Curtis J.
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the influence of students’ cognitive instrumental processes (i.e., relevance for learning, the quality of learning outcomes, and result demonstrability) on students’ perceived usefulness and intention to use flipped learning. An extension of the technology acceptance model (TAM2) was employed in this study. A total of 277 undergraduate students enrolled in flipped classes at a Korean university completed an online survey for this study. The results of the cognitive instrumental processes revealed that the quality of learning outcomes influenced students’ perceived usefulness and intention to use flipped learning. This finding emphasizes that it is necessary to deliver high-quality classes using a flipped learning approach to satisfy students’ expectations of improving learning outcomes. The relevance for learning also affected students’ perceived usefulness of flipped learning classes and indirectly influenced their future intention to use flipped learning. The results emphasize that students should be given opportunities to recognize the relevance of flipped learning based on their expected learning achievement. Finally, result demonstrability did not influence perceived usefulness nor intention to use flipped learning. The research findings of this study have practical implications and recommendations for flipped class instructors to persuade students to enroll in flipped learning courses from the perspective of cognitive instrumental processes.
Added Value of CT Pelvic Bone Unfolding Software to Radiologist Performance in Detecting Osteoblastic Pelvic Bone Lesions in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cerit Mahinur , Kılıç Koray , Fetullayeva Turkane , Zengin Hatice Yağmur , Erdoğan Nesrin , Şendur Halit Nahit , Cindil Emetullah , Aslan Aydan Avdan , Erbaş Gonca
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the contribution of CT Bone Unfolding software to the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency for the detection of osteoblastic pelvic bone lesions in patients with prostate cancer.

Methods:

A total of 102 consecutive (January 2016-September 2019) patients who underwent abdominopelvic CT with prostate cancer were retrospectively evaluated for osteoblastic pelvic bone lesions, using commercially available the post-processing-pelvic bone flattening-image software package “CT Bone Unfolding.” Two radiologists with 3 and 15 years of experience in abdominal radiology evaluated CT image data sets independently in 2 separate reading sessions. At the first session, only MPR images and at the second session MPR images and additionally unfolded reconstructions were assessed. Reading time for each patient was noted. A radiologist with 25 years of experience, established the standard of reference.

Results:

In the evaluations performed with the MPR-Unfold method, the diagnostic accuracy were found to be 2.067 times higher compared to the MPRs method ( P < 0.001). The location of the lesions or the reader variabilities did not show any influence on accuracy ( P > 0.05) For all readers the reading time for MPR was significantly longer than for MPR-Unfold ( P < 0.05). For both methods substantial to almost-perfect inter-reader agreement was found (0.686-0.936).

Conclusions:

The use of unfolded pelvic bone reconstructions increases diagnostic accuracy while decreasing the reading times in the evaluation of pelvic bone lesions. Therefore, our findings suggest that utilizing unfolded reconstructions in addition to MPR images may be preferable in patients with prostate cancer for the screening of osteoblastic pelvic bone lesions.
Prospects of pulsed current arc welding on aerospace grade Hastelloy X
Authors: Sathishkumar M , Manikandan M , Arivazhagan N
Published: January 2021

The conventional constant current arc welding of Hastelloy X (Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo) leads to the solidification and liquation cracks in the weldment. The higher heat supplied in constant current weldment develops the secondary carbide precipitates. It promotes the development of hot cracks in the weldment. In this study, joining of Hastelloy X plates was carried out by constant current gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) with C263 filler wire. The result discovered that no hot cracks were formed in the weldment. In constant current mode, Cr-rich and Mo-rich Cr23C6 (M23C6), Fe2MoC, Fe3Mo3C (M6C), and Cr2Ti precipitates were observed. Whereas, in pulsed current mode, Ni3(Al, Ti), Ni3Ti, Co3Ti, Cr2Ti precipitates are found due to the segregation of Co, Al, and Ti. No Cr-rich and Mo-rich carbide phases identified in pulsed current weldment due to rapid cooling rate and higher thermal gradient observed during solidification. The tensile results revealed that 8.23% increase in the ultimate tensile strength and a 29.62% increase in elongation of pulsed current mode welding compared to constant current welding. Further, the microhardness and impact toughness of PCGTAW is 3.32% and 5.45% higher than GTAW, respectively. In pulsed current welding, better mechanical properties were identified compared to constant current welding. The nonappearance of Cr and Mo-rich phases and refined microstructure in the weldment are the main reason for better strength.
Coronavirus 2020: From lockdown to resumption at the National Library of Scotland
Authors: Scally John
Published: January 2021

Pandemics are nothing new to libraries. Our collections contain many works on epidemics and pestilence through the centuries. The Covid-19 pandemic forced the National Library of Scotland to deal with a public health crisis that went beyond the experience and policies of the institution. This account describes the measures taken to close the Library rapidly and to set up a staff of over 300 to homeworking. It is then explained how the Library continued working under lockdown and provided a digital service to the public. In the final section, the Library’s approach to reoccupying the buildings and resuming public services is discussed, emphasising the complex administrative and human issues involved. Finally, a short assessment of the ‘new normal’ for the National Library is posited.
The National Library of Lithuania: Lively, innovative and creative
Authors: Gudauskas Renaldas
Published: January 2021

We live in a constantly transforming society, and, therefore, the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania, which celebrated its centenary last year, is also constantly transforming. By adapting to constant change, we continue our core mission, which in today’s digital age is to preserve and manage what has been created in this country over the centuries. We are actively developing a unique library model, live library. In other words, it is the living space of living people. Our field of activity is very wide. We are not only the custodians of the national documentary treasure but also a cultural institution, open to all, a scientific library and a parliamentary library that cultivates community, public spirit and democracy. Never before has the National Library been as popular, needed and even as fashionable as it is today. We work to meet the professional, intellectual and spiritual needs of today’s people, whether they are library visitors, readers, employees, partners or just those who want to improve themselves.
Holocene fire history reconstruction of a mid-elevation mixed-conifer forest in the Eastern Cascades, Washington, USA
Authors: Rushton Zoe A , Walsh Megan K
Published: January 2021

Fire histories of mid-elevation mixed-conifer forests are uncommon in the eastern Cascades, limiting our understanding of long-term fire dynamics in these environments. The purpose of this study was to reconstruct the fire and vegetation history for a moist mid-elevation mixed-conifer site, and to determine whether Holocene fire activity in this watershed was intermediate to fire regimes observed at higher and lower elevations in the eastern Cascades. Fire activity and vegetation change was reconstructed using macroscopic charcoal and pollen analysis of sediment core from Long Lake. This site is located ~45 km west of Yakima, WA, and exists in a grand fir-dominated, mixed-conifer forest. Results show low fire activity from ca. 9870 to 6000 cal yr BP, after which time fire increased and remained frequent until ca. 500 cal yr BP. A woodland environment existed at the site in the early Holocene, with the modern coniferous forest establishing ca. 6000–5500 cal yr BP. A mixed-severity fire regime has existed at the site for the past ~6000 years, with both higher- and lower-severity fire episodes occurring on average every ~80–100 years. However, only one fire episode occurred in the Long Lake watershed during the past 500 years, and none within the past ~150 years. Based on a comparison with other eastern Cascade sites, Holocene fire regimes at Long Lake, particularly during the late Holocene, appear to be intermediate between those observed at higher- and lower elevation sites, both in terms of fire severity and frequency.