bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high-performance porous flexible composite film sensor for tension monitoring
Authors: Feng Yuanyuan , Cai Rui , Zhou Yi , Hu Zonghao , Wang Yanlong , Liu Daiqiang , Han Sensen , Zhao Jiankai , Xu Lisheng , Meng Qingshi
Published: September 2022

A high-performance porous flexible composite film sensor for tension monitoring. The sensor can monitor the strain of the whole field and then use contour maps to locate damage.
A theoretical study based on DFT calculations on the different influence of functional groups on the C–H activation process via Pd-catalysed β-X elimination
Authors: Xiang Xin , Zhao Zeng-Xia , Zhang Hong-Xing
Published: September 2022

The energy decomposition analysis (EDA) results show the quantitative contribution of nucleophile groups in intramolecular interactions.
Nanozyme-based sensors for detection of food biomarkers: a review
Authors: Arshad Fareeha , Mohd-Naim Noor Faizah , Chandrawati Rona , Cozzolino Daniel , Ahmed Minhaz Uddin
Published: September 2022

We present a discussion on different types of sensors used in food biomarker detection and highlight recent studies on nanozyme-based sensors to detect markers like toxins, pathogens, antibiotics, growth hormones, metal ions, additives, small molecules, drug residues.
Hydrothermal synthesis of multi-cationic high-entropy layered double hydroxides
Authors: Knorpp Amy J. , Zawisza Anna , Huangfu Shangxiong , Borzì Aurelio , Clark Adam H. , Kata Dariusz , Graule Thomas , Stuer Michael
Published: September 2022

Expansion of high-entropy materials to high-entropy layered double hydroxide with incorporation of more than 6 cations.
Retraction: Hydroxychloroquine based chemical drug for combination therapy with 5-Fu for inhibiting the pathway of Akt/mTOR in autophagy process on colon cancer
Authors: Liao Zhi , Chen Yan , Han Lizhu , Yu Dongke , Shi Tingting , Liu Zhixi , Xiao Hongtao
Published: September 2022

Retraction of ‘Hydroxychloroquine based chemical drug for combination therapy with 5-Fu for inhibiting the pathway of Akt/mTOR in autophagy process on colon cancer’ by Zhi Liao et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tb00135c.
Semi‐supervised pedestrian and face detection via multiple teachers
Authors: Gu Yu , Lu Tao , Fang Wenhua , Zhang Yanduo
Published: September 2022

Semi‐supervised learning aims to boost the model performance by large amounts of unlabelled data, thereby reducing the overheads of labelling. For joint pedestrian and face detection in real‐world scenarios, the existing semi‐supervised object detection methods rarely focus on the category relevance between samples, resulting in unsatisfied classification performance. And it is not effective for existing semi‐supervised methods to integrate the categories from two datasets to obtain an ensemble network. In this work, a novel approach aiming to fully utilise category‐relevant information is proposed. Firstly, the multi‐teacher distillation for decoupling pedestrian and face categories are introduced to eliminate category unfairness in distillation process. Second, a coupled attention module embedded in classification head of the student network is proposed to better grasp the relevance of different categories from teachers and guide distillation. Moreover, the constraint loss is designed for stabilising the training process and better converging, so as to tailor a versatile student. The experimental results on the CrowdHuman and WiderFace benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of the approach over the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Study on the water‐tree ageing characteristics of polyethylene/organic montmorillonite and crosslinked polyethylene/organic montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Li Xiufeng , Yang Yunmeng , Wang Qiang , Gao Yuan , Zhang Wei , Liu Zhengdi
Published: September 2022

The dispersion state of nanoparticles affects the properties of composites, and the crosslinking process of polymers affects the dispersion state of nanoparticles. In order to investigate the effects of crosslinking behaviour on the water‐tree ageing characteristics of nanocomposite dielectrics at the molecular level, polyethylene/organic‐montmorillonite (PE/organic montmorillonite (OMMT)) and crosslinked polyethylene/organic‐montmorillonite (XLPE/OMMT) nanocomposites were prepared by the melt blending method, after which the accelerated water‐tree ageing experiments were conducted using a needle electrode. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, successive self‐nucleation annealing and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were conducted to characterise the properties of the samples before and after water‐tree ageing. The results indicate that the initiation probability and the length of water trees in XLPE/OMMT are less than those in PE/OMMT. The carbonyl index in the water‐tree area of the two nanocomposites increases, indicating that the water‐tree ageing is the result of electrochemical degradation. The crystallisability of the water‐tree area degrades, decreasing the crystallinity and the lamellar thickness. The growth of water trees destroys molecular chains and crystal structures, which results in local cracks. There are many holes for the water tree growth in the PE/OMMT specimen. However, the crosslinked meshwork not only restricts the movement of macromolecular chains but also increases the stability of the lamellar barrier effect of OMMT. The combination of the two effects significantly improves the water‐tree resistance of the XLPE/OMMT nanocomposite.
High speed protection of medium voltage DC distribution system using modified mathematical morphology
Authors: Shah Maqsood Ahmad , Bukhari Syed Basit Ali , Imran Kashif , Mehmood Khawaja Khalid , Mumtaz Faisal , Abusorrah Abdullah , Kazmi Syed Ali Abbas , Wadood Abdul
Published: September 2022

One of the challenging issues in the realization of medium‐voltage DC (MVDC) distribution system is high‐speed protection scheme design against quickly rising short circuit fault‐DC current. This paper proposes a high‐speed protection scheme based on the processing of energy signals through mathematical morphology (MM). The voltage and current signals measured at a distribution line section (DLS) are used to obtain the energy signal. The proposed scheme develops a modified MM‐based filter to extract the transient information in the energy signal rapidly and distinctly in the form of positive/negative polarity. The polarity detection of any disturbance in the analysed energy signal indicates the occurrence of a sudden disturbance in the system. The sudden disturbance occurrence confirmation triggers the faulty DLS identification and classification algorithms of the proposed scheme. The faulty DLS identification and classification algorithms are based on the detected polarities of the energy signal. The protection scheme requires low bandwidth communication. The proposed protection scheme is evaluated by using a ±2.5 kV radial distribution network containing 4 feeders under different fault conditions in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can isolate the faulty portion within a few milliseconds after fault inception under a variety of fault cases.
Das intimale Sarkom der Pulmonalarterie – Fallbericht einer seltenen Differenzialdiagnose der chronisch thromboembolischen pulmonalen Hypertonie
Authors: Pott Julian , Gräfin zu Reventlow Paulina , Simon Marcel , Steurer Stefan , Harbaum Lars , Henes Frank Oliver , Klose Hans
Published: September 2022

Das Angiosarkom ist eine seltene, maligne Erkrankung, die von den Blutgefäßen ausgeht. Das pulmonale Angiosarkom kann sich diagnostisch initial wie eine chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (CTEPH) darstellen. Die CTEPH ist eine Erhöhung des pulmonal-arteriellen Drucks und Widerstands als Folge einer persistierenden Obstruktion der Lungenstrombahn nach pulmonalen Thromboembolien trotz adäquater Antikoagulation.

In unserer Ambulanz für pulmonale Hypertonie stellte sich ein 76-jähriger Patient mit
anamnestisch vor 7 Monaten erlittener subakuter, links zentraler Lungenarterienembolie (LAE)
vor, die seitdem mit Apixaban therapiert wurde. Bei persistierender Belastungsdyspnoe wurde
der Verdacht auf eine CTEPH gestellt und es erfolgte weitere Diagnostik. Passend zur CTEPH
zeigte sich spiroergometrisch eine ineffektive Ventilation und echokardiografisch eine
Rechtsherzbelastung. Eine Verlaufs-CT des Thorax ergab einen persistierenden und
größenkonstanten Füllungsdefekt der linken Pulmonalarterie mit szintigrafischem Nachweis einer
primären Perfusionsstörung des gesamten linken Lungenflügels. Mit dem Verdacht auf ein
malignes Geschehen veranlassten wir eine PET-CT, in welcher sich die Läsion der
Pulmonalarterie stoffwechselaktiv darstellte. Eine unter endobronchialer Ultraschallkontrolle
durchgeführte Punktion der Läsion ergab histologisch den Nachweis eines sarkomatoiden Tumors
mit Amplifikation des MDM2-Gens. Wir stellten die Diagnose eines Intimasarkoms der linken
Pulmonalarterie und führten den Patienten einer Pneumektomie zu.

Die Intimasarkome der Pulmonalarterie sind selten und führen durch Wachstum und
Thrombusneigung zur Stenose des Gefäßes. Die damit einhergehende klinische und
echokardiografische Präsentation kann eine CTEPH imitieren und stellt somit eine wichtige
Differenzialdiagnose zu dieser dar. 2015 wurden weniger als 300 Fallberichte
beschrieben.

Hinweise auf ein pulmonales Angiosarkom: Kontrastmittel aufnehmende, intraluminale
Gewebsformation mit Dilatation der Pulmonalarterie und Infiltration der Gefäßwand, erhöhte
Stoffwechselaktivität des Befundes in der FDG-PET CT, Größenprogredienz unter Antikoagulation,
anamnestisch keine stattgehabte LAE, B-Symptome.

Die Diagnosesicherung erfolgt durch Biopsie. Das mediane Überleben wird mit 1,5–17 Monaten
beschrieben, welches mit therapeutischen Interventionen um einige Monate mit Symptomreduktion
verlängert werden kann. Als therapeutischer Standard gilt die Resektion des Tumors mit ggf.
Metastasenentfernung. Der Nutzen von Radio- und Chemotherapie ist Bestandteil aktueller
Forschung. Eine Behandlung ist in erfahrenen Zentren anzustreben und es bedarf weiterer
Forschung zur Verbesserung von Diagnostik und Therapie.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Implications
Authors: Gris Jean-Christophe , Guillotin Florence , Chéa Mathias , Bourguignon Chloé , Nouvellon Éva , Bouvier Sylvie
Published: September 2022

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL Abs) have long been associated with the occurrence of certain specific pregnancy morbidities, affecting both mother and fetus. Antithrombotic-based prophylactic regimens are the standard of care. Their intensity is modulated by the thrombotic history and has greatly improved the prognosis related to spontaneous morbidity. Observational studies show that this treatment is still associated with the persistence of excess of late-pregnancy placental diseases, calling for new or complementary developments, yet to be validated. Rigorous prospective multicentric validation of clinical and laboratory parameters capable of identifying those women and fetuses at a risk of pejorative evolution, thus early prognosis, is a priority issue. These will make it possible to develop customized treatments and test them. Furthermore, there are still concerns, particularly neurodevelopmental ones, about children born to aPL Ab-positive mothers, and clarification based on regular, more systematic evaluations is required. Even after pregnancy, women with a pure obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome are at a greater risk of venous and arterial thrombosis over time, and prevention needs to be improved. These women also appear to develop more psychiatric and mood disorders. Central nervous system imaging using high-resolution techniques has shown subtle impairments in the white matter, associated with the most pathogenic aPL Abs and the clinical significance of this is under investigation. These mothers also seem to develop an excess of cancers. The systemic impact of aPL Abs is gradually being suspected, although this requires further evidence, and prevention should be envisaged.
Guiding astronomical observations by understanding vibronic coupling interactions
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: September 2022

Experiments and simulations of ethynyl radical spectra may lead to predictions for larger carbon chains and reveal the molecules responsible for the diffuse interstellar bands.
Creating COVID-19 surge capacity at an elective surgical centre: a model for perioperative care
Authors: Remedios Erica , Adams Joel , Nagappan Leena
Published: September 2022

We provide an initial, brief description of safe relocation of our emergency surgical services from a tertiary teaching hospital to a satellite secondary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. The reconfiguration created increased theatre and critical care bed capacity at the tertiary site, while enabling lower acuity emergency services in a repurposed, designated COVID free hospital. The described model can be applied to situations mandating surge capacity at tertiary hospitals, in high income countries.
Ritualized disbelief in Mexican Spanish talk-in-interaction
Authors: Carranza Ariel Vázquez
Published: September 2022

The present investigation is a conversation-analytic study that examines a particular type of informing sequence
where the new information is received with a turn displaying ritualized disbelief. In this paper, I analyze a range of ritualized
disbelief and news-confirmation turn designs in Mexican Spanish talk: I describe the trajectory that different ritualized
disbeliefs have, the composition of the disbelief they display, and how news-producers deal with ritualized disbelief turns. I
argue that a speaker’s knowledge about the matter at hand relates to the type of disbelief expressed in his or her disbelieving
turn; that is, the social actions involved in this type of sequences show a relationship between turn design, epistemics and
disbelief.
The effects of injury, contextual match factors and training load upon psychological wellbeing in English Premier League soccer players via season‐long tracking
Authors: Grimson Sophie , Brickley Gary , Smeeton Nicholas J. , Abbott Will , Brett Adam
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to track psychological wellbeing (PWB) across two consecutive soccer seasons examining the effects of injury, illness, training load (TL) and contextual match factors (playing status, match selection and individual win rate). Furthermore, examine PWB prior to injury or illness event. Thirty‐two English Premier League (EPL) soccer players completed the “Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale” every two weeks. No differences were found for group averaged PWB across the seasons (52.2 ± 0.3 vs. 51.8 ± 1.1) (p > 0.05). Previous 7‐day TL measured using GPS (session duration, total distance, explosive distance, low‐intensity distance, high‐speed distance (HSD) and sprint distance (SD)) were not related to current PWB (p > 0.05). Yet, previous 14‐day HSD (r (385) = −0.095) and 21‐day SD (r (385) = 0.100) were related to current PWB (p < 0.05). Only 100% (vs. 0%) win rate in the previous 14‐days to the questionnaire revealed a higher current PWB score (52.7 ± 4.7 vs. 50.9 ± 5.6 (p < 0.05)). PWB did not differ prior to an injury or illness event, when players were injured or had low contextual match factors at time of questionnaire or previous match, and the previous 7‐days (p > 0.05). In conclusion, PWB fluctuations across the season are associated with prior TL and multiple negative results. But prior PWB was not linked to injury or illness events. Implications for prioritising interventions to improve PWB during periods of chronic high intensity TLs and losing streaks, monitoring PWB, and use in injury and illness prediction are discussed.
Smooth coarse-graining and colored noise dynamics in stochastic inflation
Authors: Mahbub Rafid , De Aritra
Published: September 2022

We consider stochastic inflation coarse-grained using a general class of exponential filters. Such a coarse-graining prescription gives rise to inflaton-Langevin equations sourced by colored noise that is correlated in e-fold time. The dynamics are studied first in slow-roll for simple potentials using first-order perturbative, semi-analytical calculations which are later compared to numerical simulations. Subsequent calculations are performed using an exponentially correlated noise which appears as a leading order correction to the full slow-roll noise correlation functions of the type 〈ξ(N)ξ(N')〉(n) ∼ (cosh[n(N-N'+1])-1. We find that the power spectrum of curvature perturbations 𝒫
ζ
is suppressed at small e-folds, with the suppression controlled by n. Furthermore, we use the leading order, exponentially correlated noise and perform a first passage time analysis to compute the statistics of the stochastic e-fold distribution 𝒩 and derive an approximate expression for the mean number of e-folds 〈𝒩〉. Comparing analytical results with numerical simulations of the inflaton dynamics, we show that the leading order noise correlation function can be used as a very good approximation of the exact noise, the latter being more difficult to simulate.
Test of the statistical isotropy of the universe using gravitational waves
Authors: Galloni Giacomo , Bartolo Nicola , Matarrese Sabino , Migliaccio Marina , Ricciardone Angelo , Vittorio Nicola
Published: September 2022

Since WMAP and Planck some anomalous features appeared in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) large-angle anisotropy, the so-called anomalies. One of these is the hemispherical power asymmetry, i.e. a difference in the average power on the two hemispheres centered around (l,b) = (221, -20), which shows a relatively high level of significance. Such an anomaly could be the signature of a departure from statistical isotropy on large scales. Here we investigate the physical origin of this anomaly using the Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB) detectable by future GW detectors. Indeed, the CGWB offers a unique window to explore the early universe and we show that it can be used in combination with CMB data to shed light on the statistical isotropy of our universe. Specifically, we study the evolution of gravitons in the presence of a modulating field in the scalar gravitational potentials accounting for the hemispherical power asymmetry and we infer the amplitude of this modulating field through a minimal variance estimator exploiting both constrained and unconstrained realizations of the CGWB. We show that the addition of the CGWB will allow an improvement in the assessment of the physical origin of the CMB power asymmetry. Accounting for the expected performances of LISA and BBO, we also show that the latter is expected to be signal-dominated on large-scales, proving that the CGWB could be the keystone to assess the significance of this anomaly.
Estimating the impact of foregrounds on the future detection of Rayleigh scattering
Authors: Zhu Yijie , Beringue Benjamin , Choi Steve K. , Battaglia Nicholas , Meerburg P. Daniel , Meyers Joel
Published: September 2022

Rayleigh scattering of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by neutral hydrogen shortly after recombination leaves frequency-dependent imprints on intensity and polarization fluctuations. High signal-to-noise observations of CMB Rayleigh scattering would provide additional insight into the physics of recombination, including greater constraining power for parameters like the primordial helium fraction, the light relic density, and the sum of neutrino masses. However, such a measurement of CMB Rayleigh scattering is challenging due to the presence of astrophysical foregrounds, which are more intense at the high frequencies, where the effects of Rayleigh scattering are most prominent. Here we forecast the detectability of CMB Rayleigh scattering including foreground removal using blind internal linear combination methods for a set of near-future surveys. We show that atmospheric effects for ground-based observatories and astrophysical foregrounds pose a significant hindrance to detecting CMB Rayleigh scattering with experiments planned for this decade, though a high-significance measurement should be possible with a future CMB satellite.
Angle robust transmitted plasmonic colors with different surroundings utilizing localized surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Gao Xufeng , Wang Qi , Zhang Shijie , Hong Ruijin , Zhang Dawei
Published: September 2022

Color filters in different surroundings inherently suffer from angular sensitivity, which hinders their practical applications. Here, we present an angle-insensitive plasmonic filter that can produce different color responses to different surrounding environments. The color filters are based on a two-dimensional periodically and randomly distributed silver nanodisk array on a silica substrate. The proposed plasmonic color filters not only produce bright colors by altering the diameter of the Ag nanodisk, but also achieve continuous color palettes by changing the surrounding environment. Due to the weak coupling between the metallic nanodisks, the plasmonic color filters can enable good incident angle-insensitive properties (up to 30°). The strategy presented here could exhibit robust and promising applicability in anti-counterfeiting and imaging technologies.
Quercetin improves rapid endothelialization and inflammatory microenvironment in electrospun vascular grafts
Authors: Gui Yuan , Qin Kang , Zhang Ye , Bian Xiangyu , Wang Zhiguang , Han Dianpeng , Peng Yuan , Yan Hongyuan , Gao Zhixian
Published: September 2022

There is a great need for small diameter vascular grafts among patients with cardiovascular diseases annually. However, continuous foreign body reactions and fibrosis capsules brought by biomaterials are both prone to poor vascular tissue regeneration. To address this problem, we fabricated a polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular graft incorporated with quercetin (PCL/QCT graft) in this study. In vitro cell assay showed that quercetin reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes of macrophages while increased the expressions of anti-inflammatory genes. Furthermore, in vivo implantation was performed in a rat abdominal aorta replacement model. Upon implantation, the grafts exhibited sustained quercetin release and effectively enhanced the regeneration of vascular tissue. The results revealed that quercetin improved endothelial layer formation along the lumen of the vascular grafts at four weeks. Furthermore, the thickness of vascular smooth muscle layers significantly increased in PCL/QCT group compared with PCL group. More importantly, the presence of quercetin stimulated the infiltration of a large amount of M2 phenotype macrophages into the grafts. Collectively, the above data reinforced our hypothesis that the incorporation of quercetin may be in favor of modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and improving vascular tissue regeneration and remodeling in vascular grafts.
Impacts and synergies of weather index insurance and microcredit in rural areas: a systematic review
Authors: Lu Yu , Yu Lu , Li Wen-Jun , Aleksandrova Mariya
Published: September 2022

Weather constitutes a major source of risks facing households in rural areas, which are being amplified under climate change. In this context, two main rural financial services, weather index insurance and microcredit, have been increasingly adopted by farmers worldwide. However, the understanding of the socioeconomic and ecological impacts of these rural finance schemes, including potential maladaptive outcomes, remains ambiguous. We review the recent literature on weather index insurance and microcredit for farmers and find that both rural financial services have positive economic impacts, though benefits to the poorest populations remain controversial. Moreover, their impacts on the ecological systems are less studied and are found to be mainly negative. In addition, considering that both financial instruments have strengths and limitations, we argue that combination schemes (e.g. a hybrid product) may generate positive synergistic effects on building socioeconomic resilience to climate risks in agricultural regions. However, this may also add new economic risk to local financial institutions. This comprehensive review provides a reference for the potential benefits and risks of agricultural finance innovations. Further studies on the ecological impacts of rural financial services and the synergistic effects of the combination on socioeconomic and ecosystem resilience in rural contexts are needed to fill the current research gap.
The nitrogen footprint of Swedish food consumption
Authors: Einarsson Rasmus , Henriksson Maria , Hoffmann Markus , Cederberg Christel
Published: September 2022

Food systems are major drivers of environmental and health impacts. While the emissions and other pressures causing these impacts mainly occur in primary agricultural production, the deeper causes and much of the mitigation potential are distributed throughout food systems, including dietary choices and multiple inefficiencies in the whole chain from agricultural production to consumption and waste management. An environmental indicator based on this systems perspective is the nitrogen (N) footprint, defined as the emissions of reactive N due to the consumption of an individual or other entity. Here, we present a method to estimate the N footprint of Swedish food consumption, using a detailed inventory of agricultural production, food and feed processing, food waste, waste management, and wastewater treatment. Limitations of data sources and methods are discussed in detail. The estimated Swedish food N footprint is 12.1 kg N capita−1 yr−1, of which 42% is emitted in Swedish production, 38% in production abroad, 1% in consumer waste management, and 19% in wastewater treatment. Animal food products account for 81% of the food N footprint and 70% of the protein intake. Average protein intake exceeds nutritional requirements by about 60%, which suggests that at least 35% reduction of food-related reactive N emissions could be achieved through dietary change. Of the apparent food N consumption (6.9 kg N capita−1 yr−1), about 22% is food waste N (1.5 kg N capita−1 yr−1). We estimate that 76% of food waste N is unavoidable (bones and other parts not commonly eaten). Avoidable food waste is about 7% of the edible food supply, implying that a hypothetical complete elimination of food waste would reduce emissions by about 7%. In summary, we present a detailed method, discuss its limitations, and demonstrate possible uses of the N footprint as a complement to existing territorial and sectoral environmental indicators.
Something in the wind: the influence of wind speed and direction on African lion movement behavior
Authors: Wijers Matthew , Trethowan Paul , du Preez Byron , Loveridge Andrew J , Markham Andrew , Macdonald David W , Montgomery Robert A
Published: September 2022

Olfaction is a key sense, enabling animals to locate forage, select mates, navigate their environment, and avoid predation. Wind is an important abiotic factor that modulates the strength of olfactory information detected by animals. In theory, when airflow is unidirectional, an animal can increase odor detection probability and maximize the amount of olfactory information gained by moving crosswind. Given energetic costs inherent to activity and locomotion, behavioral search strategies that optimize the benefit-cost ratio should be advantageous. We tested whether African lions (Panthera leo) modify their movement directionality and distance according to wind speed and direction during hours of darkness when they are most active. We tracked 29 lions in southern Zimbabwe using GPS collars and deployed a weather station to collect detailed abiotic data. We found that when wind speeds increased lions were more likely to move crosswind. We also found that female lions, which tend to hunt more often than males, traveled farther when wind speeds were stronger. The results of our analysis suggest that lions adjust their movement behavior according to wind speed and direction. We inferred that this was a behavioral decision to maximize the amount of olfactory information gained per unit of energy spent. Our findings not only offer one of the first detailed insights on large carnivore anemotaxis (movement direction relative to wind) but also make an important contribution towards understanding the influence of wind on predator ecology in general which remains understudied to date.
Experience Using Adjuvant Bacteriophage Therapy for the Treatment of 10 Recalcitrant Periprosthetic Joint Infections: A Case Series
Authors: Doub James B , Johnson Aaron J , Nandi Sumon , Ng Vincent , Manson Theodore , Lee Myounghee , Chan Benjamin
Published: September 2022

Periprosthetic joint infections are a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery. One novel therapeutic that has potential to change the current treatment paradigm is bacteriophage therapy. Herein, we discuss our experiences with bacteriophage therapy for 10 recalcitrant periprosthetic joint infections and review the treatment protocols utilized to achieve successful outcomes.
Intergovernmental dynamics in responding to COVID-19 in English and Australian cities
Authors: Broadhurst Kate , Steane Edward , Mykhnenko Vlad , Gray Nicholas
Published: September 2022

This comparative study, conducted at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, explores how the contrasting governance systems in Australia and England responded to complex and rapidly evolving problems presented by the crisis. Comparing how national and local governments worked together and alongside other forms of subnational governance, the findings highlight the efficacy of multi-scalar governance arrangement in Australia over the fragmented, overly-centralised and inconsistent arrangements in England. As nations plan their recovery paths from the economic and social challenges of the crisis, the findings encourage a reset of spatial policy towards one that values and resources greater decentralisation and place-based recovery.
When the personal becomes political: Rethinking legal fatherhood
Authors: Margaria Alice
Published: September 2022

Inspired by my personal experience as a working mother during the pandemic, this contribution reflects on the urgent need, and possible ways, to rethink legal fatherhood. If the aim is to make fathers (more) active carers, making family-leave policies more assertive in encouraging fathers’ uptake is certainly an important first step towards bringing men into the care frame. Yet, to counter the multiple negative effects of the pandemic on women, legal fatherhood must undergo a structural rethinking, which extends to legal regulation more broadly. A legal venue where this rethinking is long overdue is filiation law, whose rules function as channels through which notions and arrangements of (child)care are created and can, therefore, also be recreated. Driven by the desire to promote a substantive vision of equality, this article argues for a relational rethinking of legal fatherhood, which is mindful of the interconnectedness between the lives of women, men, and children, and places care at its core.
Liking versus commenting on online news: effects of expression affordances on political attitudes
Authors: Wang Jinping , Sundar S Shyam
Published: September 2022

By performing actions such as “liking” a post, commenting on it, or sharing it with others, we are constantly expressing our opinions about ongoing news and public affairs on online media platforms. How do these acts of expression affect our feelings and opinions? We address this question from an “affordance” perspective, focusing on the effects of both the presence of the expression affordance (cue effects) and users’ actual engagement with it (action effects). We conducted an online experiment (N = 368) on a news website with thumbs-up/down and/or commenting as low-effort and high-effort expression affordances, respectively. Data revealed that the low-effort affordance led to more affective polarization while the high-effort affordance promoted increased interest in deliberation. Merely presenting a commenting cue mitigated affective polarization by increasing perceived interactivity. However, when users engaged the affordance by providing comments, it tended to reinforce pre-existing opinions. These findings have theoretical and practical implications.
Inattentive Inference
Authors: Graeber Thomas
Published: September 2022

This paper studies how people infer a state of the world from information structures that include additional, payoff-irrelevant states. For example, learning from a customer review about a product’s quality requires accounting for the reviewer’s otherwise-irrelevant taste. This creates an attribution problem common to all information structures with multiple causes. We report controlled experimental evidence for pervasive overinference about states that affect utility—a form of “omitted variable bias” in belief updating, providing an explanation for various misattribution patterns. In studying why systematic misattribution arises, we consistently find that errors are not due to deliberate effort avoidance or a lack of cognitive capacity. Instead, people behave as if they form incomplete mental models of the information structure and fail to notice the need to account for alternative causes. These mental models are not stable but context-dependent: Misattribution responds to a variety of attentional manipulations, but not to changes in the costs of inattention.
When “meaningless” means more: biographic resonance and audience appreciation of popular entertainment
Authors: Bonus James Alex , Watts Judy , Francemone C Joseph
Published: September 2022

Integrating predictions derived from the self-memory system and biographic resonance theory, the current project investigated the relationship between media-induced reminiscence and appreciation. In two experiments, undergraduates consumed popular entertainment from either their early adolescence or the present day. Study 1 (N = 406) featured music, and Study 2 (N = 405) featured movies. Both studies found that memory recall was more common in response to older (vs. recent) entertainment, and the memories activated by older entertainment were happier and produced more temporal comparisons. Although appreciation was higher for older entertainment in Study 1, this effect did not replicate in Study 2. However, both studies found that appreciation was higher for content that activated memories, especially memories that were more emotional and immersive. These patterns emerged regardless of when the content was released. These findings clarify why audiences sometimes perceive meaning in lighthearted entertainment, such as pop music or superhero films.
Allosteric activation of CRISPR-Cas12a requires the concerted movement of the bridge helix and helix 1 of the RuvC II domain
Authors: Wörle Elisabeth , Newman Anthony , D’Silva Jovita , Burgio Gaetan , Grohmann Dina
Published: September 2022

Nucleases derived from the prokaryotic defense system CRISPR-Cas are frequently re-purposed for gene editing and molecular diagnostics. Hence, an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of these enzymes is of crucial importance. We focused on Cas12a from Francisella novicida (FnCas12a) and investigated the functional role of helix 1, a structural element that together with the bridge helix (BH) connects the recognition and the nuclease lobes of FnCas12a. Helix 1 is structurally connected to the lid domain that opens upon DNA target loading thereby activating the active site of FnCas12a. We probed the structural states of FnCas12a variants altered in helix 1 and/or the bridge helix using single-molecule FRET measurements and assayed the pre-crRNA processing, cis- and trans-DNA cleavage activity. We show that helix 1 and not the bridge helix is the predominant structural element that confers conformational stability of FnCas12a. Even small perturbations in helix 1 lead to a decrease in DNA cleavage activity while the structural integrity is not affected. Our data, therefore, implicate that the concerted remodeling of helix 1 and the bridge helix upon DNA binding is structurally linked to the opening of the lid and therefore involved in the allosteric activation of the active site.
Mechanism of protein-primed template-independent DNA synthesis by Abi polymerases
Authors: Figiel Małgorzata , Gapińska Marta , Czarnocki-Cieciura Mariusz , Zajko Weronika , Sroka Małgorzata , Skowronek Krzysztof , Nowotny Marcin
Published: September 2022

Abortive infection (Abi) is a bacterial antiphage defense strategy involving suicide of the infected cell. Some Abi pathways involve polymerases that are related to reverse transcriptases. They are unique in the way they combine the ability to synthesize DNA in a template-independent manner with protein priming. Here, we report crystal and cryo-electron microscopy structures of two Abi polymerases: AbiK and Abi-P2. Both proteins adopt a bilobal structure with an RT-like domain that comprises palm and fingers subdomains and a unique helical domain. AbiK and Abi-P2 adopt a hexameric and trimeric configuration, respectively, which is unprecedented for reverse transcriptases. Biochemical experiments showed that the formation of these oligomers is required for the DNA polymerization activity. The structure of the AbiK–DNA covalent adduct visualized interactions between the 3′ end of DNA and the active site and covalent attachment of the 5′ end of DNA to a tyrosine residue used for protein priming. Our data reveal a structural basis of the mechanism of highly unusual template-independent protein-priming polymerases.
Coronary artery calcium and risk of chronic kidney disease in young and middle-aged adults
Authors: Kim Yejin , Kang Jeonggyu , Chang Yoosoo , Hyun Young Youl , Lee Kyu-Beck , Shin Hocheol , Wild Sarah H , Byrne Christopher D , Ryu Seungho
Published: September 2022

Background

The role of the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in asymptomatic young populations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CACSs and CKD development in adults.

Methods

A cohort study of 113 171 Korean adults (mean age 40.6 years) without CKD and proteinuria at baseline who underwent a cardiac tomography estimation of CACSs during health screening examinations was performed (median follow-up 4.2 years). The outcome was CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or the presence of proteinuria. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CKD were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.

Results

A higher CACS was moderately associated with an increased risk of CKD in a dose-dependent manner. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for CKD comparing CACSs 1–100, 101–300 and >300 with a CACS of 0 were 1.15 (95% CI 1.05–1.25), 1.37 (95% CI 1.13–1.66) and 1.71 (95% CI 1.32–2.22), respectively (P for trend <.001). When CKD was defined using low eGFR and proteinuria separately, corresponding HRs for low eGFR were 1.31 (95% CI 1.05–1.62), 1.41 (95% CI 0.95–2.11) and 1.86 (95% CI 1.16–3.00), respectively (P for trend = .001), while the HRs for proteinuria were 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21), 1.32 (95% CI 1.07–1.64) and 1.57 (95% CI 1.16–2.12), respectively.

Conclusions

A higher CACS was progressively associated with an increased risk of CKD, even at low CACSs. Individuals with a CACS >0 appear to have an increased risk of CKD and may benefit from preventive measures to reduce CKD risk.
Refugee return and social cohesion
Authors: Ruiz Isabel , Vargas-Silva Carlos
Published: September 2022

Refugee return often involves the re-encounter of individuals who were separated for years, but we know little about its impact on social cohesion. We explore this impact using data from a nationwide survey that we conducted in Burundi, a country that experienced high levels of repatriation during the 2000s. We find that refugee return has a negative impact on the feeling that community members help each other, could borrow money for emergencies from non-household members, and the feeling that the community is peaceful. The impacts on measures of reconciliation, post-conflict justice, trust, and participation in community groups are mostly statistically insignificant. We also explore how these effects differ across different sub-samples based on ethnic composition, pre-war land scarcity, and attitudes towards return. The results highlight the possible role of new migration-related societal divisions in affecting post-return social cohesion.
The effect of obstructive sleep apnea therapy on cardiovascular autonomic function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dissanayake Hasthi U , Bin Yu Sun , Sutherland Kate , Ucak Seren , de Chazal Philip , Cistulli Peter A
Published: September 2022

Study Objectives

Autonomic function is impaired in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and may mediate the association between OSA and cardiovascular risk. We investigated the effect of OSA therapy on autonomic function through a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies.

Methods

A systematic search using three databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) was performed up to December 9, 2020. Studies of OSA patients ≥ 18 years with autonomic function assessed before and after treatment with positive airway pressure, oral appliance, positional therapy, weight loss, or surgical intervention were included for review. Random effects meta-analysis was carried out for five groups of autonomic function indices. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.

Results

Forty-three eligible studies were reviewed with 39 included in the meta-analysis. OSA treatment led to large decreases in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (Hedges’ g = −1.08; 95% CI −1.50, −0.65, n = 8) and moderate decreases in catecholamines (−0.60; −0.94, −0.27, n = 3) and radio nucleotide imaging (−0.61; −0.99, −0.24, n = 2). OSA therapy had no significant effect on baroreflex function (Hedges’ g = 0.15; 95% CI −0.09, 0.39, n = 6) or heart rate variability (0.02; −0.32, 0.36, n = 14). There was a significant risk of bias due to studies being primarily non-randomized trials.

Conclusions

OSA therapy selectively improves autonomic function measures. The strongest evidence for the effect of OSA therapy on autonomic function was seen in reduced sympathetic activity as assessed by microneurography, but without increased improvement in parasympathetic function. OSA therapy may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in OSA through reduced sympathetic activity.
Risk, Reward, and Resistance: Navigating Work and Family under Hungary’s New Pronatalism
Authors: Glass Christy , Fodor Éva
Published: September 2022

New pronatalist regimes rely on market incentives to increase childbearing and encourage full employment. Few countries have instituted a more extreme version of new pronatalism than Hungary. The current study analyzes how professional women navigate uncertainty and risk under Hungary’s pronatalist regime. Our analysis of twenty-one in-depth interviews with middle-class professional women reveals inherent tensions and contradictions. Respondents perceived two competing imperatives: seek financial security in a highly unstable labor market and privately absorb care burdens associated with larger families. Respondents weighed the potential rewards of accessing various pronatalist benefits against the costs of reproduction in a policy context characterized by risk and uncertainty. Respondents were highly selective regarding which benefits they accessed and which they avoided. Our analysis contributes to research and theory on the substantive impact of formal welfare and work policies, including the ways actors interpret and engage policies in order to limit risk and uncertainty.
Capitellum and Capitellar–Trochlear Shear Injury in Children
Authors: Simanovski Naum , Horowitz Roy S. , Goldman Vladimir , Sharabati Tarek , Lamdan Ron , Zaidman Michael
Published: September 2022

Objectives:

We report our clinical results following surgical intervention for capitellar fractures in a pediatric population, highlighting approaches, surgical instruments, and possible prognostic factors.

Design:

Retrospective descriptive case-series study.

Setting:

A tertiary referral hospital.

Patients:

Twelve pediatric patients with capitellar or capitellar-trochlear injuries were treated between 2017 and 2021.

Intervention:

Open reduction and internal fixation primarily using cannulated headless screws.

Main Outcome Measurements:

The mean follow-up period was 22 months (range: 10–35 months). Functional outcomes were assessed using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. Post-traumatic elbow arthrosis was assessed using the Bromberg and Morrey rating system.

Results:

All fractures healed within 5–7 weeks. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score value was 98 (range, 85–100). Three patients developed arthrosis, and one had capitellar osteonecrosis.

Conclusions:

Based on our experience, the Kocher approach and fixation of 2–3 retrograde cannulated screws together represent an appropriate surgical technique for isolated capitellar fractures, whereas good functional outcomes are attainable for capitellar–trochlear shear fractures using the transolecranon approach with 3 cannulated screw fixations. Further injuries to the osseoligamentous structures around the elbow joint are suspected to be an unfavorable prognostic factor.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of time trends in the incidence of primary liver cancer between China and the United States: an age–period–cohort analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019
Authors: Zou Zhiyong , Zhang Zuofeng , Lu Ce , Wang Hui
Published: September 2022

Background:

China and the United States (US) ranked first and third in terms of new liver cancer cases and deaths globally in 2020. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of trends in the incidence of primary liver cancer with four major etiological factors between China and the US during the past 30 years with age-period-cohort (APC) analyses is warranted.

Methods:

Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019, and period/cohort relative risks were estimated by APC modeling from 1990 to 2019.

Results:

In 2019, there were 211,000 new liver cancer cases in China and 28,000 in the US, accounting for 39.4% and 5.2% of global liver cancer cases, respectively. For China, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) consecutively decreased before 2005 but increased slightly since then, whereas the ASIR continuously increased in the US. Among the four etiological factors of liver cancer, the fastest reduction in incidence was observed in hepatitis B virus-related liver cancer among Chinese women, and the fastest increase was in nonalcoholic steatosis hepatitis (NASH)-related liver cancer among American men. The greatest reduction in the incidence of liver cancer was observed at the age of 53 years in Chinese men (−5.2%/year) and 33 years in Chinese women (−6.6%/year), while it peaked at 58 years old in both American men and women (4.5%/year vs. 2.8%/year). Furthermore, the period risks of alcohol- and NASH-related liver cancer among Chinese men have been elevated since 2013. Simultaneously, leveled- off period risks were observed in hepatitis C viral-related liver cancer in both American men and women.

Conclusions:

Currently, both viral and lifestyle factors have been and will continue to play an important role in the time trends of liver cancer in both countries. More tailored and efficient preventive strategies should be designed to target both viral and lifestyle factors to prevent and control liver cancer.