bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Total saponins from Rosa laevigata Michx fruit attenuates hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet in rats
Authors: Dong Deshi , Qi Yan , Xu Lina , Yin Lianhong , Xu Youwei , Han Xu , Zhao Yanyan , Peng Jinyong
Published: August 2019

Correction for ‘Total saponins from Rosa laevigata Michx fruit attenuates hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet in rats’ by Deshi Dong, et al., Food Funct., 2014, 5, 3065–3075.
ITO@SiO2 and ITO@{M6Br12}@SiO2 (M = Nb, Ta) Nanocomposite Films for Ultraviolet-Near Infrared Shielding
Authors: Chen Wanghui , Nguyen Ngan Thikimngan , Wilmet Maxence , Dumait Noee , Makrygenni Ourania , Matsui Yoshio , Takei Toshiaki , Cordier stéphane , Ohashi Naoki , Uchikoshi Tetsuo , Grasset Fabien
Published: August 2019

Transparent optical thin films for energy saving application have recently gained substantial prominence for functional window processes. In this study, highly visible transparent nanocomposite films with ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared...
Synthesis and characterisation of [Cu4In(PPh3)3SePh(μ-SePh)3(μ3-SePh)3], and its application as a precursor of a sensitizer for a photocatalyst
Authors: Mello Melina de Azevedo , Rodrigues Jéssica Fonseca , Salgueiro Soares Thiago André , Silva Germana Michelle de Medeiros e , Piquini Paulo Cesar , Tirloni Bárbara , Machado Giovanna , Lang Ernesto Schulz
Published: August 2019

An active and robust photocatalyst for water splitting.
Synthesis, structure, fluorescence and electrochemical properties of a new Zn(ii)–organic framework constructed by a tricarboxylic acid ligand
Authors: Wang Yan , He Yuan-Chun , Zhao Fang-Hua , Zhu Kunlei , Li Jie , Kan Wei-Qiu , Jing Zhihong , You Jinmao
Published: August 2019

A new efficient fluorescent sensor [Zn3(L)(HL)(OH)(H2O)3]·H2O (1) for detecting Cr2O72− anions has been synthesized. Moreover, compound 1 has been calcined to prepare a new electrocatalyst R-C@800 for HER.
Improvement of dye-sensitized solar cell performances through introducing europium dye with multiple excitation: dual enhancement in light absorption
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Wang Xinzhe , Sun Xuhui
Published: August 2019

Europium dyes with multiple excitation effectively enhance battery performance by broadening the light absorption range and secondary light absorption.
A maltoheptaose-decorated BODIPY photosensitizer for photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive bacteria
Authors: Hao Jie , Lu Zhi Song , Li Chang Ming , Xu Li Qun
Published: August 2019

A maltoheptaose-decorated BODIPY with high singlet oxygen generation efficacy was synthesized for photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive bacteria in planktonic forms and biofilms.
Complexation of 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) with trivalent f-cations in an ionic liquid: solvent extraction and spectroscopy studies
Authors: Gujar Rajesh B. , Verma Parveen K. , Ansari Seraj A. , Mohapatra Prasanta K.
Published: August 2019

HTTA forms M(TTA)2+, M(TTA)2+, M(TTA)3° and M(TTA)4− complexes with lanthanides. Complexation is strongly favoured when the salt of TTA− is used.
Fast, quantitative and high resolution mapping of viscoelastic properties with bimodal AFM
Authors: Benaglia Simone , Amo Carlos A. , Garcia Ricardo
Published: August 2019

Quantitative mapping of viscoelastic properties of soft matter with a nanoscale spatial resolution is demonstrated by bimodal AFM.
Photo-adaptable shape memory hydrogels based on orthogonal supramolecular interactions
Authors: Xie Manqing , Wu Chen , Chen Chongyi , Liu Ying , Zhao Chuanzhuang
Published: August 2019

A novel shape memory hydrogel with photo-adaptable permanent shape has been developed on the basis of alginate–Ca2+ coordination and the host–guest interaction between α-cyclodextrin and azobenzene.
Zwitterionic polypeptide nanomedicine with dual NIR/reduction-responsivity for synergistic cancer photothermal-chemotherapy
Authors: Ding Yue , Du Chang , Qian Jiwen , Dong Chang-Ming
Published: August 2019

Dual NIR/reduction-responsive and zwitterionic polypeptide nanoparticles of PMC/DOX-ICG were fabricated, which achieved in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging and synergistic cancer PTT-CT treatment, and effectively ablated the HeLa tumors without recurrence for 30 days.
The synthesis of composite powder precursorsviachemical processes for the sintering of oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys
Authors: Dong Zhi , Hu Weiqiang , Ma Zongqing , Li Chong , Liu Yongchang
Published: August 2019

Chemical methods have significant advantages in preparing high-performance oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys.
Canescones A–E: aromatic polyketide dimers with PTP1B inhibitory activity from Penicillium canescens
Authors: Zang Yi , Gong Yi-Hua , Li Xu-Wen , Li Xiao-Nian , Liu Jun-Jun , Chen Chun-Mei , Zhou Yuan , Gu Liang-Hu , Luo Zeng-Wei , Wang Jian-Ping , Sun Wei-Guang , Zhu Hu-Cheng , Zhang Yong-Hui
Published: August 2019

Canescones A–E (1–5), aromatic polyketide dimers bearing unprecedented 5/6/6/6/5 heteropentacyclic ring skeletons with novel scaffolds, were isolated from Penicillium canescens.
Two step, one-pot sequential synthesis of functionalized hybrid polyheterocyclic scaffolds via a solid state melt reaction (SSMR)
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Srinivasan Jayakumar , Hussain Mir Ashiq , Sharada Duddu S.
Published: August 2019

A new one pot assembly of highly functionalized benzo[a]phenazinone fused chromene/bicyclic scaffolds via a domino Knoevenagel intramolecular hetero-Diels–Alder (IMHDA) strategy using a solid state melt reaction (SSMR) is reported.
Evaluation of Fe(iii)EDTA reduction with ascorbic acid in a wet denitrification system
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , He Feiqiang , Xia Meng , Liu Honggen , Ding Jianhua
Published: August 2019

Color change during Fe(iii)EDTA reduction by VC ((A) Fe(iii)EDTA color; (B) color of Fe(iii)EDTA solution after reduction by VC; (C) Fe(ii)EDTA-NO color; (D) color of Fe(ii)EDTA-NO solution after reduction by VC).
Facile preparation of superhydrophobic wood surfacesviaspraying of aqueous alkyl ketene dimer dispersions
Authors: Arminger Benjamin , Gindl-Altmutter Wolfgang , Keckes Jozef , Hansmann Christian
Published: August 2019

Surfactant-free aqueous wax dispersions for the novel preparation of self-assembled superhydrophobic alkyl ketene dimer coatings on intrinsically hydrophilic wood substrate.
A reversible, colorimetric, pH-responsive indole-based hydrogel and its application in urea detection
Authors: Wang Yan , Luo Xuan , Zhang Longfei , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Lin
Published: August 2019

A new type of pH-responsive indole-based (4-HINF) hydrogel, fabricated by a sol–gel method, was utilized as a platform for colorimetric detection of urea in aqueous solution.
Facile and rapid synthesis of crystalline quadruply bonded Cr(ii) acetate coordinated with axial ligands
Authors: Song Intek , Koo Jinyoung , Yoon Seok Min
Published: August 2019

Facile ligation of quadruply bonded Cr(ii) acetates at the axial position under the anoxic condition and their rapid crystallization into single crystals with sub-millimeter scale.
Narjatamanins A and B, a pair of novel epimers possessing a 2,3-seco-iridoid skeleton with an unusual 1,10-oxygen bridge from Nardostachys jatamansi and evaluation of their effects on worm paralysis in AD C. elegans
Authors: Zhao Ye , Li Bing , Yu Yi-Fan , Wu Pei-Qian , Yu Chun-Xue , Su Pan-Jie , Zhi De-Juan , Qi Feng-Ming , Fei Dong-Qing , Zhang Zhan-Xin
Published: August 2019

Narjatamanins A (1) and B (2), a pair of epimers possessing a novel 2,3-seco-iridoid skeleton with an unusual 1,10-oxygen bridge, were isolated from the whole plants of Nardostachys jatamansi.
Tunable preparation of highly dispersed NixMn-LDO catalysts derived from NixMn-LDHs precursors and application in low-temperature NH3-SCR reactions
Authors: Hou Benhui , Du Yali , Liu Xuezhen , Ci Chao , Wu Xu , Xie Xianmei
Published: August 2019

The NixMn-LDO catalysts derived from NixMn-LDHs precursors with uniform distribution of active species particles exhibited outstanding DeNOx performance.
Thiophene-containing tetraphenylethene derivatives with different aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and mechanofluorochromic characteristics
Authors: Yin Ya , Chen Zhao , Yang Yue , Liu Gang , Fan Congbin , Pu Shouzhi
Published: August 2019

Four thiophene-containing AIE-active TPE derivatives were synthesized. Furthermore, these luminogens exhibited various mechanofluorochromic phenomena.
Far-red/near-infrared emitting, two-photon absorbing, and bio-stable amino-Si-pyronin dyes
Authors: Kim Kyeong Hwan , Singha Subhankar , Jun Yong Woong , Reo Ye Jin , Kim Hye Rim , Ryu Hye Gun , Bhunia Snehasis , Ahn Kyo Han
Published: August 2019

Far-red/NIR emitting, two-photon absorbing, biostable aminosilapyronin dyes (ASiPj) and their derivatives (NIR-ASiPj) offer novel (ratiometric) bioimaging platforms.
Hyperpolarization of15N-pyridinium and15N-aniline derivatives by using parahydrogen: new opportunities to store nuclear spin polarization in aqueous media
Authors: Jagtap Anil P. , Kaltschnee Lukas , Glöggler Stefan
Published: August 2019

We introduce15N quaternary pyridinium as moiety that can be NMR-signal-enhanced by several orders of magnitudes and allows for long-term storage of the so gained hyperpolarization in water.
Single-atom molybdenum immobilized on photoactive carbon nitride as efficient photocatalysts for ambient nitrogen fixation in pure water
Authors: Guo Xiang-Wei , Chen Shuang-Ming , Wang Hong-Juan , Zhang Zhi-Ming , Lin Hong , Song Li , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: August 2019

A series of single-atom Mo-PCN photocatalysts were facilely and large-scale prepared. The two-coordinated Mo center can serve as active site for N2 chemisorption and activation, first achieving solar-driven N2 reduction in pure water under ambient conditions.
Superfast high-energy storage hybrid device composed of MXene and Chevrel-phase electrodes operated in saturated LiCl electrolyte solution
Authors: Malchik Fyodor , Shpigel Netanel , Levi Mikhael D. , Mathis Tyler S. , Mor Albert , Gogotsi Yury , Aurbach Doron
Published: August 2019

Development of high power devices with improved energy density is a highly desired target for advanced energy storage applications.
Oxime-based 19-nortestosterone–pheophorbideaconjugate: bimodal controlled release concept for PDT
Authors: Pavlíčková Vladimíra , Jurášek Michal , Rimpelová Silvie , Záruba Kamil , Sedlák David , Šimková Markéta , Kodr David , Staňková Eliška , Fähnrich Jan , Rottnerová Zdeňka , Bartůněk Petr , Lapčík Oldřich , Drašar Pavel , Ruml Tomáš
Published: August 2019

Nandrolone–pheophorbideafluorescent conjugate exhibiting promising potential in targeting of androgen receptor-positive cancer cells and their destruction by photodynamic therapy.
Top dielectric induced ambipolarity in an n-channel dual-gated organic field effect transistor
Authors: Bairagi Kaushik , Zuccatti Elisabetta , Calavalle Francesco , Catalano Sara , Parui Subir , Llopis Roger , Ortmann Frank , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E.
Published: August 2019

The realization of both p-type and n-type operations in a single organic field effect transistor (OFET) is critical for simplifying the design of complex organic electronic circuits.
Impact of new skeletal isomerization in polymer semiconductors
Authors: Ji Jingjing , Wu Xiaomin , Deng Ping , Zhou Dagang , Lai Dengxiao , Zhan Hongbing , Chen Huipeng
Published: August 2019

A new skeletal isomerization strategy for achieving high-performance polymer semiconductors based on asymmetric aromatic group-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole units for application in organic field-effect transistors was highlighted.
Multidirectional biomimetic deformation of microchannel programmed metal nanowire liquid crystal networks
Authors: Zhang Lanshan , Pan Jingkai , Gong Chenxu , Zhang Aimin
Published: August 2019

A facile, microchannel-based method is shown to induce arrangement of liquid crystal molecules, programming alignment patterns into azobenzene liquid-crystalline dynamic networks doped with silver nanowires (AgNW-AZO/LCN).
Basement membrane collagens and disease mechanisms
Authors: Gatseva Anna , Sin Yuan Yan , Brezzo Gaia , Van Agtmael Tom
Published: August 2019

Basement membranes (BMs) are specialised extracellular matrix (ECM) structures and collagens are a key component required for BM function. While collagen IV is the major BM collagen, collagens VI, VII, XV, XVII and XVIII are also present. Mutations in these collagens cause rare multi-systemic diseases but these collagens have also been associated with major common diseases including stroke. Developing treatments for these conditions will require a collective effort to increase our fundamental understanding of the biology of these collagens and the mechanisms by which mutations therein cause disease. Novel insights into pathomolecular disease mechanisms and cellular responses to these mutations has been exploited to develop proof-of-concept treatment strategies in animal models. Combined, these studies have also highlighted the complexity of the disease mechanisms and the need to obtain a more complete understanding of these mechanisms. The identification of pathomolecular mechanisms of collagen mutations shared between different disorders represent an attractive prospect for treatments that may be effective across phenotypically distinct disorders.
Unequally excited generalised random binned antenna arrays
Authors: Buonanno Giovanni , Solimene Raffaele
Published: August 2019

It has been recently shown that random arrays paired with a proper excitation strategy can be used to shape the array factor. These random arrays were termed unequally excited totally random arrays (TRAs). This scheme allows to greatly enlarge the class of obtainable patterns, well beyond the classical single beam. However, its main disadvantage is a reduction of the achievable performance, the latter measured in terms of the deviation from the average array factor. In this contribution, a strategy for remedying (even only partially) to such a loss of performance by retaining the same flexibility in shaping the pattern is addressed. To this end, a new scheme for generating random arrays that merges unequal excitations and a suitable generalised binned procedure is introduced. It is shown that this new model of generalised binned arrays always outperforms unequally excited TRAs. In particular, the study is focused on symmetric arrays (for which the elements are deployed symmetrically with respect to the array aperture centre) which allows to get closed‐form expressions without invoking some common assumptions that in general do not hold true in practice. The theoretical findings are assessed by several numerical examples for the case of multi‐beam array factors.
Deformation analysis of deep foundation pit in soft soil area considering space–time effect
Authors: Shi Lide , Yu Wanrong , Fu Lei
Published: August 2019

Taking the deep foundation pit project of Taojiazhai in Shanghai as the background, combined with the real‐time monitoring data, the data variation law of several monitoring items during the excavation of foundation pit are analysed. The results show that the axial force of the support, the lateral displacement of the retaining structure and the uplift of the column increase greatly during the excavation of the foundation pit, and tend to be stable after the floor starts to work. The maximum lateral displacement and the depth of the maximum lateral displacement of the maintenance structure increase with the increase of the excavation depth, and the extremum has a definite relationship with the excavation depth. The lateral displacement of maintenance structure and adjacent pipelines are small at the corner of foundation pit and large at the centre of pit wall. Ground settlement around the foundation pit increases first and then decreases along the direction away from the wall. The calculation formula of the settlement of the soil can be revised by introducing the stiffness correction function to predict the settlement of the pipeline.
Heavy metals in intermediate He-rich hot subdwarfs: the chemical composition of HZ 44 and HD 127493
Authors: Dorsch M. , Latour M. , Heber U.
Published: August 2019

Context. Hot subluminous stars can be spectroscopically classified as subdwarf B (sdB) and O (sdO) stars. While the latter are predominantly hydrogen deficient, the former are mostly helium deficient. The atmospheres of most sdOs are almost devoid of hydrogen, whereas a small group of hot subdwarf stars of mixed H/He composition exists, showing extreme metal abundance anomalies. Whether such intermediate helium-rich (iHe) subdwarf stars provide an evolutionary link between the dominant classes is an open question.

Aims. The presence of strong Ge, Sn, and Pb lines in the UV spectrum of HZ 44 suggests a strong enrichment of heavy elements in this iHe-sdO star and calls for a detailed quantitative spectral analysis focusing on trans-iron elements.

Methods. Non-local thermodynamical equilibrium model atmospheres and synthetic spectra calculated with TLUSTY/SYNSPEC were combined with high-quality optical, ultraviolet (UV), and far-UV (FUV) spectra of HZ 44 and its hotter sibling HD 127493 to determine their atmospheric parameters and metal abundance patterns.

Results. By collecting atomic data from the literature we succeeded in determining the abundances of 29 metals in HZ 44, including the trans-iron elements Ga, Ge, As, Se, Zr, Sn, and Pb and providing upper limits for ten other metals. This makes it the best-described hot subdwarf in terms of chemical composition. For HD 127493 the abundance of 15 metals, including Ga, Ge, and Pb and upper limits for another 16 metals were derived. Heavy elements turn out to be overabundant by one to four orders of magnitude with respect to the Sun. Zr and Pb are among the most enriched elements.

Conclusions. The C, N, and O abundance for both stars can be explained by the nucleosynthesis of hydrogen burning in the CNO cycle along with the stars’ helium enrichment. On the other hand, the heavy-element anomalies are unlikely to be caused by nucleosynthesis. Instead diffusion processes are evoked, with radiative levitation overcoming gravitational settlement of the heavy elements.
Extreme gas kinematics in an off-nuclear HII region of SDSS J143245.98+404300.3
Authors: Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , Arribas Santiago , Piqueras López Javier , Crespo Gómez Alejandro , Vílchez José M.
Published: August 2019

We present and discuss the properties of an ionized gas component with extreme kinematics in a recently reported off-nuclear HII region located at ∼0.8−1.0 kpc from the nucleus of SDSS J143245.98+404300.3. The high-velocity-gas component is identified by the detection of very broad emission wings in the Hα line, with full width at half maximum (FWHM)  ≥ 850−1000 km s−1. Such gas kinematics are outstandingly high compared to other HII regions in local galaxies and are similar to those reported in some star-forming clumps of galaxies at z ∼ 2. The spatially resolved analysis indicates that the high-velocity gas extends at least ∼90 pc and it could be compatible with an ionized outflow entraining gas at a rate between approximately seven and nine times faster than the rate at which gas is being converted into stars. We do not detect broad emission wings in other emission lines such as Hβ, perhaps due to moderate dust extinction, nor in [N II]λλ6548, 6584 or [S II]λλ6717, 6731, which could be due to the presence of turbulent mixing layers originated by the impact of fast-flowing winds. The lack of spectral signatures associated to the presence of Wolf–Rayet stars points towards stellar winds from a large number of massive stars and/or supernovae as the likely mechanisms driving the high-velocity gas.
A Convenient Synthesis of 1,5-Fused 1,2,4-Triazoles from N-Arylamidines via Chloramine-T Mediated Intramolecular Oxidative N–N Bond Formation
Authors: Bhatt Ashish , Singh Rajesh K. , Kant Ravi , Sarma Bhupendra K.
Published: August 2019

A convenient synthesis of 1,5-fused 1,2,4-triazoles from readily available N-arylamidines is reported. The reaction is efficiently promoted by chloramine-T to afford the desired products mostly in high yields and in relatively short time, through direct metal-free oxidative N−N bond formation. The mild nature of the synthesis and short reaction time are notable advantages of the developed protocol. This protocol is effective toward various substrates having different functionalities.
Locked-In Syndrome after Trauma—A Rare Case in the Literature
Authors: Chaves Jennyfer Paulla Galdino , Mezadri Pedro Henrique , Suzuki Thiago , Twardowsky Carlos Alexandre , Oliveira Tatiana Von Hertwig Fernandes
Published: August 2019

The present report is about a 25-year-old woman who had a motorcycle accident with brain trauma injury. Although she was admitted at another institution disoriented but alert, she progressively evolved to an altered level of consciousness and required orotracheal intubation. She was then transferred to our hospital sedated, and the admission head computed tomography showed signs of posterior fossa ischemia. The angiography demonstrated a vertebral artery dissection with subsequent embolization to the basilar artery, which provoked its complete occlusion. After drug withdrawal, the patient recovered level of consciousness but was aphasic and did not exhibit purpose movements apart from eye blinking, as expected in patients with locked-in syndrome.
Field-effect transistors with the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal cadmium arsenide
Authors: Shoron Omor F. , Schumann Timo , Goyal Manik , Kealhofer David A. , Stemmer Susanne
Published: August 2019

Cadmium arsenide (Cd3As2) is a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal with many unique electronic properties that are of interest for future device applications. Here, we demonstrate field effect transistors using Cd3As2 as the channel material. We show that current densities exceed 5 A/mm and that very low contact resistances can be achieved even in unoptimized device structures. These properties make Cd3As2 of great interest for future high-speed electronics. We report on the current modulation characteristics of field effect transistors as a function of temperature. At low temperatures, the modulation exceeds 70%. We discuss material and device engineering approaches that can improve the device performance at room temperature.
Fuel-shell interface instability growth effects on the performance of room temperature direct-drive implosions
Authors: Miller S. C. , Knauer J. P. , Forrest C. J. , Glebov V. Yu. , Radha P. B. , Goncharov V. N.
Published: August 2019

Performance degradation in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions is caused by several effects, one of which is Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability growth during the deceleration phase. In room-temperature plastic target implosions, deceleration-phase RT growth is enhanced by the density discontinuity and finite Atwood number at the fuel–shell interface. In this paper, the Atwood number of the interface is systematically varied by altering the ratio of deuterium to tritium (D:T) within the DT gas fill. It is shown that the stability of the interface is best characterized by the effective Atwood number, which is primarily determined by radiation heating of the shell and not by the composition of the fuel. Both simulation and experimental data show that yield performance scales with the fraction of D and T present in the fuel and that the observed inferred ion temperature asymmetry (ΔTi=Timax−Timin), which indicates the presence of long-wavelength modes, has a small sensitivity to the different D:T ratios.
Real-space laser-induced fluorescence imaging applied to gas-liquid interfacial scattering
Authors: Bianchini Robert H. , Roman Maksymilian J. , Costen Matthew L. , McKendrick Kenneth G.
Published: August 2019

We describe the real-space imaging of the products of molecular scattering, applied to collisions of hydroxyl radicals with low-vapor-pressure-liquid surfaces. A pulsed molecular beam of OD (for technical reasons) with a mean laboratory-frame kinetic energy of 29.5 kJ mol−1 was directed at continually refreshed surfaces of the representative liquids perfluoropolyether, squalane, and squalene. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) was excited by pulsed laser light shaped into a planar sheet, tuned to selected rovibronic transitions in the OD A–X band. The LIF emission was imaged and intensified before being captured by an external camera. Sequences of images allowed the evolution of the incident packet and scattered plumes of OD molecules to be observed. The results confirm previous observations of the internal-state distributions of the scattered OD and its differential survival probability on different liquid surfaces. New measurements of the angular distributions found them all to be broad and approximately symmetric, independent of the angle of incidence. This is interpreted as implying a high degree of atomic-scale roughness, rather than a predominant trapping-desorption mechanism, because of the other observed signatures of impulsive scattering; these include the degree of OD rotational excitation, superthermal speeds, and the correlation of speed with scattering angle. This approach has considerable potential to be applied in related gas-surface scattering experiments. It is immune from the difficulties of some other imaging methods that involve charged-particle detection and allows a spatially extended region of the scattering plane perpendicular to the surface to be imaged.
Mass sensing using a virtual cantilever virtually coupled with a real cantilever
Authors: Kasai Y. , Yabuno H. , Ishine T. , Yamamoto Y. , Matsumoto S.
Published: August 2019

Mass measurements based on the eigenmode shift of coupled cantilevers provide much higher sensitivity than the method based on the natural frequency shift of a single cantilever. The essence of the former method is that the two cantilevers are identical and are weakly coupled. However, in practical coupled cantilevers, these requirements cannot be satisfied completely because of the limitations of machining accuracy. To realize the advantages of this method fully, we propose the concepts of a “virtual cantilever” and “virtual coupling.” In the proposed method, one of the real cantilevers is replaced with a virtual cantilever that is virtually coupled with the remaining real cantilever. The virtual cantilever dynamics and the effect of coupling on the real cantilever are thus calculated in real-time using a digital computer, and the real cantilever is also actuated in real-time based on the coupling effect obtained. By adjusting the virtual cantilever's physical parameters to match those of the real cantilever while tuning the virtual coupling stiffness to be low in the digital scheme, identical real and virtual cantilevers and the weak coupling required can be realized. Additionally, to produce self-excitation with a steady-state amplitude, we apply the linear and nonlinear velocity feedback control technique that was proposed in our previous study for the above system. We confirm the validity of the virtual cantilever and virtual coupling concepts proposed for mass sensing experimentally using a real single macrocantilever and a virtual cantilever virtually coupled with the real cantilever as a prototype.
A visible channel core and the channel structure below the connection point for natural cloud-to-ground lightning
Authors: Liu Guorong , Yuan Ping , An Tingting , Cen Jianyong , Wang Xuejuan
Published: August 2019

The channel core of natural negative cloud-to-ground lightning was recorded using a high-speed slitless spectrograph, which confirms the corona sheath model of the lightning channel. By analyzing the channel spectra and images at different stages, it is corroborated that the ionic lines in spectra are mainly due to the channel core. Based on the luminescence and spectral characteristics, the connection point of the downward moving leader and the upward connecting leader was located, and it is concluded that the current is the highest at the connection point. Above all, it is discovered that there is no obvious channel core below the connection point, which means that the current is transmitted over the whole channel cross section. This feature is an important basis for investigating the lightning connection process and the physical mechanism of a lightning strike.
Study on characterization and application of novel Ni-Ga based catalysts in conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol
Authors: Dieu Nguyen Hong Khanh , Dang Toan Hong , Dinh Ngo Thi , Duy Nguyen Hoang Huu
Published: August 2019

Novel Ni-Ga based catalysts including Ni-Ga alloy, Ni-Ga/mixed oxide and Ni-Ga/mesosilica were prepared through metal melting, co-condensation-evaporation and impregnation methods, respectively. These three methods, by the above order, were established at temperatures of 1500 °C for 3 hours, 70 °C for 24 hours and room temperature overnight, respectively. The activity of these catalysts were studied in methanol synthesis from CO2. Results showed that the Ni-Ga alloy, Ni-Ga/mixed oxides and Ni-Ga/mesosilica catalysts mostly contained the multiple crystal phases, the active sites of crystalline δ-Ni5Ga3 distributed on Ni-Ga mixed oxide, and the active sites of crystalline δ-Ni5Ga3 distributed on mesosilica support, respectively. The Ni-Ga/mesosilica catalyst showed the highest activity in the conversion of CO2 to CH3OH. The catalyst structures and properties were characterized by SAXRD, WAXRD, SEM, TEM and XPS techniques. Gas products were determined by GC coupled with either TCD or FID for inorganic or organic compound, respectively.
Dynamics of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria with heterocysts: a stoichiometric model
Authors: Grover James P. , Scott J. Thad , Roelke Daniel L. , Brooks Bryan W.
Published: August 2019

A simulation model for nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria was formulated to predict population and nutrient dynamics in water quality studies. The model tracks population biomasses of nitrogen and phosphorus, which potentially limit population growth. Lack of intracellular nitrogen cues the differentiation of specialised heterocysts for nitrogen fixation. Ecoevolutionary analysis presented here predicts that natural selection optimises heterocyst differentiation in relation to external supplies of nitrogen and phosphorus. Modelling the production of N-rich toxins (e.g. anatoxins, saxitoxins) suggests that both total biomass and the biomass N:P ratio can predict concentrations of toxins. The results suggest hypotheses that major taxa of nitrogen-fixing, nuisance cyanobacteria are differentially adapted to varying nitrogen and phosphorus supplies, and that biomass stoichiometry is related to toxins production in this major group of harmful algae. This approach can be extended into models of community and ecosystem dynamics to explore implications of nitrogen fixation for cyanobacterial biomass and toxins production.
Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex
Authors: Edwards Frank , Lee Hedwig , Esposito Michael
Published: August 2019

We use data on police-involved deaths to estimate how the risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States varies across social groups. We estimate the lifetime and age-specific risks of being killed by police by race and sex. We also provide estimates of the proportion of all deaths accounted for by police use of force. We find that African American men and women, American Indian/Alaska Native men and women, and Latino men face higher lifetime risk of being killed by police than do their white peers. We find that Latina women and Asian/Pacific Islander men and women face lower risk of being killed by police than do their white peers. Risk is highest for black men, who (at current levels of risk) face about a 1 in 1,000 chance of being killed by police over the life course. The average lifetime odds of being killed by police are about 1 in 2,000 for men and about 1 in 33,000 for women. Risk peaks between the ages of 20 y and 35 y for all groups. For young men of color, police use of force is among the leading causes of death.
Restructuring in heritage grammars
Authors: Meir Natalia , Polinsky Maria
Published: August 2019

This study investigates restructuring in heritage language (HL) grammars with a special focus on the driving forces behind changes in the underlying grammar. We evaluate the effect of Age of Onset of bilingualism (AoO) on possible grammatical restructuring. Relatedly, we assess whether HL grammar divergence from the baseline can be attributed to the Age of Acquisition of a particular linguistic phenomenon and/or to the structural properties of the dominant language, under transfer.

With these general questions in mind, we conducted an auditory acceptability judgement task evaluating sensitivity to form (mis)matches in adjective-noun and numeral-noun expressions in adult Russian-Hebrew speakers: HL-speakers with AoO before age 5, HL-speakers with AoO between 5–13, and the Russian-dominant bilinguals.

The results demonstrate a robust effect of AoO: HL speakers with earlier AoO are less accurate in detecting ungrammaticalities across the board. We argue that similarities in the structures in the heritage and dominant language allow HL speakers to maintain properties of monolingual grammars; dissimilarities, on the other hand, may lead to reanalysis in the HL grammar. However, the newly-built representations in the HL do not match those of the dominant language, suggesting that changed representations do not result from direct transfer.
Inflammation potentiates miR‐939 expression and packaging into small extracellular vesicles
Authors: Ramanathan Sujay , Shenoda Botros B. , Lin Zhucheng , Alexander Guillermo M. , Huppert Arthur , Sacan Ahmet , Ajit Seena K.
Published: August 2019

Extracellular RNA in circulation mediates intercellular communication in normal and pathological processes. One mode of circulating miRNA transport in bodily fluids is within 30–150 nm small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) or exosomes. Uptake of sEVs can regulate gene expression in recipient cells enabling circulating miRNAs to exert paracrine and systemic effects. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating pain disorder characterized by chronic inflammation. Our previous investigations identified a significant decrease of hsa‐miR‐939 in whole blood from CRPS patients compared to control; we also observed that overexpression of miR‐939 can negatively regulate several proinflammatory genes in vitro. Though downregulated in whole blood, miR‐939 was significantly upregulated in sEVs isolated from patient serum. Here we investigated miR‐939 packaging into sEVs in vitro under inflammation induced by monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), a chemokine that is upregulated in CRPS patients. Stimulation of THP‐1 monocytes by MCP‐1 led to elevated levels of miR‐939 in sEVs, which was abrogated using inhibitors of exosome secretion. miRNAs loaded into exosomes largely contain short miRNA sequence motifs called EXOmotifs. Mutation analysis of miR‐939 showed that EXOmotif is one of the possible cellular mechanisms responsible for packaging miR‐939 into sEVs. We confirmed gene expression changes in recipient cells following the uptake of sEVs enriched in miR‐939 using RNA sequencing. Additionally, our data from primary immune cell‐derived sEVs of CRPS patients and controls demonstrate that while the relative expression of miR‐939 is higher in sEVs derived from B cells, T cells and NK cells relative to monocyte‐derived sEVs in controls, only the B cell‐derived sEVs showed a significantly higher level of miR‐939 in CRPS patients. Differential miRNA sorting into exosomes and its functional impact on recipient cells may contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of CRPS.
Quantum optical interferometry via general photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed states*
Authors: Hou Li-Li , Xue Jian-Zhong , Sui Yong-Xing , Wang Shuai
Published: August 2019

We investigate the sensitivity of phase estimation in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states. Our results show that, for given initial squeezing parameter, both symmetric and asymmetric photon subtractions can further improve the quantum Cramér–Rao bound (i.e., the ultimate phase sensitivity), especially for single-mode photon subtraction. On the other hand, the quantum Cramér–Rao bound can be reached by parity detection for symmetric photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states at particular values of the phase shift, but it is not valid for asymmetric photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states. In addition, compared with the two-mode squeezed vacuum state, the phase sensitivity via parity detection with asymmetric photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states will be getting worse. Thus, parity detection may not always be the optimal detection scheme for nonclassical states of light when they are considered as the interferometer states.
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors*
Authors: Li Xiao-Li , Xu Xiao-Hong
Published: August 2019

Magnetic oxide semiconductors are significant spintronics materials. In this article, we review recent advances for homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors. In the homogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors, we focus on the various doping techniques including choosing different transition metals, codoping, non-magnetic doping, and even un-doping to realize homogeneous substitution and the clear magnetic origin. And the enhancement of the ferromagnetism is achieved by nanodot arrays engineering, which is accompanied by the tunable optical properties. In the inhomogeneous magnetic oxide semiconductors, we review some heterostructures and their magnetic and transport properties, especially magnetoresistance, which are dramatically modulated by electric field in the constructed devices. And the related mechanisms are discussed in details. Finally, we provide an overview and possible potential applications of magnetic oxide semiconductors.
National security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region: geopolitical challenges and strategic decisions
Authors: Kulik S V , Travkina E V , Fedorov A S , Rubtsova A V
Published: August 2019

This article aims to highlight the international situation in the Arctic region. The national strategies of the Arctic states studied by the authors lead to the fact that all these program documents have five general directions of state policy in the Arctic: state sovereignty, socio-economic development, infrastructure and communication support, environmental safety, research activities. The authors consider international relations as a separate direction that develops around the Arctic region. In official rhetoric discourse of peaceful interstate political and economic cooperation, openness to dialogue with all international players, both state and commercial dominate. However, in all documents of strategic planning of the Arctic countries, without exception, the prevalence of national interests, its decisive importance in public policy, determination to defend and protect them both by diplomatic and military means are emphasized. Disputes of a territorial nature and regulatory aspects of its joint development have been around the Arctic region for more than a decade. As we see, in practice, these debates are rarely resolved quickly and does not satisfy all parties. It indicates the passive conflict in the region. The participating countries are trying to strengthen their presence in the Arctic territories, but today other players, including the eastern countries, see the Arctic region as very attractive for government projects and public policy. The multiplicity of players in the Arctic complicates the process of negotiation, finding points of contact and building a constructive dialogue. The buildup of military presence in the Arctic threatens not only the participants of the new arms race, but also the entire international community.
Development of fish soups technology with using food supplements from fish remaining feedstock
Authors: Brazhnaia I E , Tifanyuk A V , Kulik O M , Sudak C N
Published: August 2019

This article describes the technology for the whiting cream puree production using food supplement from fish remaining feedstock. The sociological survey results and analysis of consumer preferences of Murmansk population regarding enriched food are presented, the degree of public awareness of the food effect quality to the general health state, interest in a balanced diet to maintain health is studied, and the population attitude to the enrichment of traditional products with natural nutrients such as like calcium and phosphorus. A basic recipe for puree soup has been developed and has been optimized by computer simulation. To search for a near-optimal mineral composition and consistency of soup, has been used the planning and experiment method with processing non-linear regression of the results by the Datafit 9.0 computer program. The chemical composition experimental results of the puree soup and its caloric content are presented, and the content of calcium and phosphorus in one portion is determined with analysis of the results. It is ascertained that the course belongs to high-protein, medium-calorie and is a source of calcium and phosphorus. Optimal for the absorption and assimilation of the ratio of phosphorus to calcium in the diet according to various sources ranges from 1: 1 to 1: 1.5. The ratio of phosphorus to calcium in haddock bones flour is 1: 1.3, in the prepared soup-puree 1: 1, and, therefore, can be considered optimal. The prepared course has excellent organoleptic characteristics, high nutritional value and can be used as an additional source of calcium and phosphorus.
Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances of activated sludge and their application for wastewater treatment
Authors: Vasilieva Zh , Gaponenkov I , Vasekha M , Ivanova T
Published: August 2019

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are efficient and environmentally friendly bioflocculants in wastewater pollution that are free from the shortcomings typical of traditional coagulants and flocculants which can pose direct threat to human health and life as well as to the environment. In this paper, the authors have investigated the possibilities of extracting EPS from excess activated sludge and subsequent use of the obtained fractions as reagents for wastewater treatment. The study analyzes the existing methods for extracting EPS, with further selection and implementation of four biopolymer extraction methods. As part of the work, soluble, loosely bound and tightly bound activated sludge EPS fractions were generated using each method. The study of EPS chemical composition demonstrated a significant difference in the obtained fractions from each other; moreover, all the fractions showed the prevailing content of EPS protein components over polysaccharides and humic acids. The most efficient method for extracting proteins from the excess activated sludge biomass is the NH4OH/EDTA method; the one for extracting polysaccharides – the HCHO/NaOH method, and the one for extraction of humic acids – the CH3NO/EDTA method. The study of efficiency of wastewater treatment with the use of obtained fractions has shown that EPS extraction method has an impact not only on the extraction performance, but also on the feasibility of using extracted biopolymers for wastewater treatment. The efficiency of wastewater treatment ranged from 0.2 to 62.6%, depending on the EPS fraction used as a reagent.
The relaxation processes calculation of fish dehydrated surface layer during drying and smoking
Authors: Ershov M A
Published: August 2019

In this work the methods of study of relaxation processes that are applicable during fish dehydration based on the influence of the chemical composition, geometric size of the processing object and regime parameters of the dehydration processes are developed. The numerical methods of calculation on the basis of solution of the second-order differential equation with boundary conditions of the third type allow with sufficient for engineering practice accuracy to model the various conditions of the dehydration process conducting with periodic restoration of hydraulic conductivity properties of dehydrating objects. The proposed calculation methods applicable to dehydration processes consisting of a continuous initial period and the following combined periods of drying fish and surface layer relaxation of the object of dehydration. The importance of applying the relaxation is determined by the firming the upper layers which have lost part of the moisture during dehydration. The size of capillaries for the moisture pathway through the upper surfaces reduce. Thus, near the upper layer a free of major moisture mass zone appears, which also has low diffusion properties. As a result, the dehydration process of the entire object slows down. Applying the relaxation enables the hydraulic conductivity features of fish upper layer. During the relaxation the supply of electric power to the heating elements stops. The rate of circulation of the drying agent slows down. The drying installation is supplied with air of lower temperature and higher relative humidity than the drying agent. In the drier such conditions are created that constrain external mass transfer and enables moisture redistribution in the thickness of the fish. During the relaxation the moisture is gradually shifting from the central layers where dehydration has not yet come to the dehydrated surface layers.
Anthropogenic pollution of the southern part of the Khibiny mountain massif and foothills
Authors: Slipenchuk M , Kirillov S , Vorobievskaya E , Sedova N
Published: August 2019

The article deals with the problems associated with the anthropogenic impact of the mining and consentrating of apatite-nepheline ores on the environment in the Khibiny mountain massif, located in the central part of the Murmansk region. Mining company is one of the largest enterprises of the region and the largest European producer of phosphate raw materials for production of mineral fertilizers, but it is necessary to remember the fact that the activity of this enterprise causes significant damage to the environment, and the impact is complex. This impact is compounded by the low resilience of local ecosystems to human impacts. Mining leads to mechanical disturbance of soils, pollution of groundwater and surface water, atmosphere, soil and vegetation, and affectes negatively on the health of the local population. Negative features of production are low level of integrated use and consentrating of extracted ores, the presence of large amounts of unused waste of mining and consentrating industries. Priority pollutants are dust particles, strontium, lead, zinc, phosphorus, iron, etc. In this paper special attention is paid to bioindication research methods using Baltic sphagnum (Sphagnum balticum) and brown sphagnum (Sphagnum fuscum), due to their ability to accumulate aerotechnogenic pollutants.