bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video-based structured interviews to assess managerial candidates
Authors: Brown J. Allen , Vincent Vinod
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Managerial roles require knowledge, skills and abilities that are difficult to assess during the hiring process. Consequently, hiring an unqualified candidate for a managerial position can result in a disastrous outcome for the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a hiring technique that allows a more accurate assessment of a managerial candidate’s overall skills to aid better hiring decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed technique, video-based structured interviews, shows the interviewee a video clip of a work-related scenario and follow-up with standardized questions to assess their ability to both understand the situation and make good decisions.

Findings

Compared with verbal situational questions, using video-based scenarios is a more robust and realistic technique as it requires the interviewee to use multiple senses (seeing and hearing) to observe and then respond to a given situation in a way that is closer to how they would encounter it at work.

Practical implications

The video-based scenarios can be used as a hybrid technique blending elements of both patterned-behavior-description and situational interview. In addition, this technique can be used to measure a potential manager’s compatibility related to key organizational values such as safety first or quality first.

Originality/value

The proposed video-based structured interview technique enhances the preemployment assessment process to identify and select managerial employees that has the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities to be successful in their roles. This interview technique, combined with other relevant assessment tools, provides a clearer picture of the candidate’s capabilities.
Unusual subcutaneous emphysema extending to the limbs following blunt chest injury
Authors: Jadav Devendra , Meshram Vikas P.
Published: June 2022

Subcutaneous emphysema can be traumatic, infectious, iatrogenic, or spontaneous. Traumatic subcutaneous emphysema of the upper limb is not infrequent following trauma to that limb. However, the subcutaneous emphysema of the limbs following trauma to a site other than the limb is seldom reported. A 45‐year‐old male was referred from a private hospital to a tertiary care hospital with right‐sided multiple rib fractures and pneumothorax following chest injury. The patient was having acidotic breathing on examination, and crepitus was present over the bilateral chest and bilateral upper and lower limbs, suggesting subcutaneous emphysema. Right and left intercostal drainage tubes were inserted at our hospital. The patient died in the emergency after a few hours of treatment. The X‐ray performed at the autopsy revealed extensive bilateral upper and lower limb subcutaneous emphysema. The deceased had multiple rib fractures over the right side with fractured ends of the two ribs piercing the pleural cavity, causing tears in the lung parenchyma. The cause of death was attributed to the chest injury and its sequelae. Such rapidly expanding subcutaneous emphysema can be a sign of underlying severe chest injury. Prompt insertion of the intercostal drainage tube could be the lifesaving procedure in such cases.
Impact of molar incisor hypomineralization on oral hygiene and gingival health in 8–15‐years‐old children
Authors: Turkmen E , Ozukoc C
Published: June 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) on oral hygiene and gingival health, and to investigate the relationship between these factors and the severity of MIH.

Methods

A total of 72 children (48 with MIH and 24 healthy controls) were included in the study. MIH severity was categorized into three groups:mild (n = 16), moderate (n = 16) and severe (n = 16).The modified‐Quigley Hein plaque index (m‐QHPI) was used to determine oral hygiene, and the gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probe (BOP) were used to determine the gingival status of each subject. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for binary comparisons and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for multiple comparisons.

Results

The m‐QHPI,GI and BOP were significantly higher in all individuals with MIH compared with the control group. The m‐QHPI increased with the severity of MIH (P < 0.001).The GI of the MIH‐affected teeth had highly significant increases according to MIH severity (P < 0.05). The mean BOP score for the entire mouth was significantly higher in patients with severe and moderate MIH than mild MIH (P < 0.001). The mean BOP for affected teeth with moderate and severe MIH was significantly higher than the mean BOP of mildly affected teeth (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The presence and severity of MIH might be associated with increased plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. © 2022 Australian Dental Association.
Phenology of the semiaquatic caterpillar Paracles klagesi and its response to environmental changes
Authors: De‐Freitas Iasmim , Queiroga Drielly , Stefani Vanessa
Published: June 2022

Phenological patterns can arise as a response to seasonal variation and are closely related to rain regimes and temperature. Organisms living in the water/atmosphere interface receive stimuli from both environments and require adaptations to survive. Paracles klagesi (Rothschild, 1910) is a semiaquatic caterpillar with a terrestrial adult form found in streams in a Brazilian savannah. We hypothesized that the semiaquatic larvae of this species respond to atmospheric environmental changes in rainfall and temperature by synchronizing their development throughout the year, with the highest abundance during the dry season and the lowest in the rainy season. We followed a caterpillar population for 1 year, counted and measured individuals every 15 days and obtained monthly average temperature and rainfall data. Currently, there is no description of P. klagesi instars; therefore, we categorized them into six size classes and a pupal stage. Since phenological and physiological responses are complex and may not be perceived at the time of the stimulus, we used a Pearson's correlation test with a time lag of up to 3 months to investigate the influence of rainfall and temperature. The caterpillars showed synchronized development over time, supporting our first hypothesis. The time‐lag analysis identified an immediate inverse relationship between caterpillar abundance and monthly rainfall, while the temperature had a delayed positive relationship with pupae of 3 months. Our results showed that P. klagesi synchronized its development with time and, as a semiaquatic insect, used atmospheric cues for pupae to complete its development. This is the first study providing information about phenology and the role of temperature and rainfall in the development of a semiaquatic lepidopteran. We believe that unusual strategies by insects may provide data for understanding how evolutionary forces influence adaptations as insects colonize new environments.
Effect of different cow floor mat on the pressure in anterior knees of Holstein dry cows determined using pressure measurement sheet
Authors: Shiiba Yuichiroh , Huricha  , Takeda Ken‐ichi
Published: June 2022

To analyze limb pain in tethered dairy cows, we compared three cow floor mat materials (pasture mat® [PM], KKM rubber mat® [RM], and woodchip [WC]) with soil ground considering the pressure applied to the anterior knee of Holstein cows. Three Holstein dry cows (791.3 ± 44.6 kg, 3.8 ± 1.1 years old) moored at the Education and Research Center of Alpine Field Science of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, were tested. Pressure applied to the anterior knee of the cow by four different floor mat materials was compared using a commercially available pressure measurement sheet. The sustained pressures applied to the anterior knee of the test cow were 7.2 ± 1. 5, 29.3 ± 5.1, 17.0 ± 1.4, and 27.7 ± 2.5 MPa in the control, RM, PM, and WC, respectively, showing significant lower values (P < 0.05) than in the control. Sustained pressure was significantly lower in the PM than in the other treatments (P < 0.05). The RM was 41.7% cheaper than the PM. The pressure applied to the anterior knee of cow is lower on PM than on RM and WC. PM was more costly than RM but the sustained pressure was much lower on PM.
Apple polyphenols improve intestinal barrier function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing inflammation in weaning piglets
Authors: Guo Zhongyang , Chen Xiaoling , Huang Zhiqing , Chen Daiwen , Yu Jie , Yan Hui , Chen Hong , He Jun , Zheng Ping , Luo Yuheng , Yu Bing
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to examine the effects of apple polyphenols (APPs) on antioxidant capacity, immune and inflammatory response, and barrier function in weaning piglets. Results showed that APPs improved jejunal barrier function by increasing the villus height, villus height/crypt depth, the mRNA levels of occludin, mucin‐1, and mucin‐4 and up‐regulating the protein expression of occluding (P < 0.05). As for antioxidant capacity, APPs increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity level in jejunum (P < 0.05). Besides, APPs up‐regulated the protein expressions of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), and nuclear‐related factor 2 (NRF2) and down‐regulated the protein expression of kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1). As regard to immune and inflammatory response, APPs increased the immunoglobulin A content in serum and decreased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and IL‐8 in jejunum (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary APPs supplementation improves the jejunal barrier function by enhancing antioxidant capacity and suppressing the mRNA expression related to inflammation, which may be related to the NRF2 signal and TLR4/NF‐κB signal.
Tribal makeup painting mimicking achromic lupus in a Teke tribal chef: icono-diagnosis is a dangerous art
Authors: Charlier Phillipe , Kluger Nicolas , Bourdin Virginie
Published: June 2022

A close-up photograph of a Teke community Chief (Congo, circa 1880–1890) seemed to be of diagnostic interest, as areas of achromic maculae were visible on the hands: the most relevant diagnoses were a Koebner phenomenon on a background of vitiligo, or a diagnosis of lupus. However, examination of the entire photograph showed that the ‘maculae’ were in fact tribal makeup, showing the methodological limits of icono-diagnosis.
A kaposiform haemangioendothelioma successfully treated with topical tacrolimus and compression bandaging
Authors: Nic Dhonncha Eilís , Sadlier Muriel
Published: June 2022

We report a patient with kaposiform haemangioendothelioma successfully treated with topical tacrolimus and compression bandaging.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis developing at the site of COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Rikitake Satona , Kokubu Hiraku , Yamamoto Bunpei , Manabe Toshiaki , Fujimoto Noriki
Published: June 2022

We present a rare case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis due to mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19. Histology of the biopsy specimen was very interesting.
Real-world utilization of Delphi consensus diagnostic criteria for suspected pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Ji-Xu Antonio , Liakos William , Artounian Kimberly , Downing Lauren , Nava Jordan , Toussi Atrin , Le Stephanie T. , Maverakis Emanual
Published: June 2022

We found that the systematic use of Delphi consensus diagnostic criteria resulted in substantial changes in management patterns in cases of suspected pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), including a reduction in systemic corticosteroid use, and significantly improved clinical outcomes. This improvement may have resulted from a combination of reduced misdiagnosis, optimized management and reduced iatrogenic harm. Increased utilization of validated diagnostic criteria for PG could optimize provider heuristics, increase diagnostic accuracy, and optimize management and clinical outcomes.
Distinct neural responses of morningness and eveningness chronotype to homeostatic sleep pressure revealed by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wang Haien , Tian Yun , Wang Yulin , He Qinghua , Qiu Jiang , Feng Tingyong , Chen Hong , Lei Xu
Published: June 2022

Background

Chronotype is an appropriate variable to investigate sleep homeostatic and circadian rhythm. Based on functional MRI, the resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) of insula‐angular decrease with the increase in homeostatic sleep pressure (HSP). However, the distinct neural response of different chronotype remained to be clarified. Therefore, we investigated how HSP influenced insular‐angular neural interaction of different chronotype.

Methods

64 morningness‐chronotype (MCPs) and 128 eveningness‐chronotype participants (ECPs) received resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI) scan. HSP was divided into three levels (Low, Medium, and High) based on the elapsed time awake. Insular‐angular rsFC was calculated for MCPs and ECPs on each HSP.

Results

As the levels of HSP increased, the negative rsFC between right insular and bilateral angular increased in MCPs while decreased in ECPs. Specifically, ECPs compared with MCPs showed lower rsFC at medium levels of HSP, but higher rsFC at high levels of HSP. In addition, ECPs compared with MCPs exhibited lower rsFC between right insular and right angular at low levels of HSP.

Conclusion

The distinct modes of rsFC was found in different chronotype in response to HSP. The results provided the foundation and evidence for investigating the processes of circadian rhythm and sleep homeostatic.
Insights from diplomacy for the prevention and resolution of conservation conflicts
Authors: Young Juliette Claire , Young John Robertson , Aubert Béatrice Agathe
Published: June 2022

Conflicts between people over conservation are increasing and are likely to become more acute with global change and increased competition for resources. In this article, we add to the toolbox of conservation practitioners trying to prevent and resolve conflicts, often in a local or regional context, with insights and knowledge from the techniques that diplomats employ. These techniques include conflict prevention such as early‐warning systems and knowledge gathering for in‐depth understanding of conflicts. Conflict resolution is managed through quiet or preventive diplomacy, such as mediation, shuttle diplomacy and arbitration, or the application of external pressures including through media campaigns, legislation and sanctions. We argue that while conservation may in some cases already use these techniques, their application could be more widespread, and conservationists could make greater use of the wealth of resources available to guide the use of those techniques. We conclude with a need for more systematic dissemination and use of these techniques, as well as sharing of experiences of conflict prevention and resolution in conservation to build greater capacity and reduce the negative impacts of conflicts on conservation outcomes and human well‐being.
Second‐line immunotherapy and functional outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Halliday Amy , Duncan Andrew , Cheung Mike , Boston Ray C. , Apiwattanakul Metha , Camacho Ximena , Bowden Stephen , D'Souza Wendyl
Published: June 2022

Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a neurological disorder caused by autoimmune attack on cerebral proteins. Experts currently recommend staged immunotherapeutic management, with first‐line immunotherapy followed by second‐line immunotherapy if response to first‐line therapy is inadequate. Meta‐analysis of the evidence base may provide higher quality evidence to support this recommendation. We undertook a systematic review of observational cohort studies reporting AE patients treated with either second‐line immunotherapy or first‐line immunotherapy alone, and outcomes reported using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS; search date: April 22, 2020). We performed several one‐stage multilevel individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analyses to examine the association between second‐line immunotherapy and final mRS scores (PROSPERO ID CRD42020181805). IPD were obtained for 356 patients from 25 studies. Most studies were rated as moderate to high risk of bias. Seventy‐one patients (71/356, 19%) were treated with second‐line immunotherapy. We did not find a statistically significant association between treatment with second‐line immunotherapy and final mRS score for the cohort overall (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .98–3.08, p = .057), or subgroups with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = .45–2.38, p = .944) or severe AE (maximum mRS score > 2; OR = 1.673, 95% CI = .93–3.00, p = .085). Treatment with second‐line immunotherapy was associated with higher final mRS scores in subgroups with anti‐leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 AE (OR = 6.70, 95% CI = 1.28–35.1, p = .024) and long‐term (at least 12 months) follow‐up (OR = 3.94, 95% CI = 1.67–9.27, p = .002). We did not observe an association between treatment with second‐line immunotherapy and lower final mRS scores in patients with AE. This result should be interpreted with caution, given the risk of bias, limited adjustment for disease severity, and insensitivity of the mRS in estimating psychiatric and cognitive disability.
Fingerprinting of skin cells by live cell Raman spectroscopy reveals melanoma cell heterogeneity and cell‐type‐specific responses to UVR
Authors: Wilkinson Emma L. , Ashton Lorna , Kerns Jemma G. , Allinson Sarah L. , Mort Richard L.
Published: June 2022

Raman spectroscopy is an emerging dermatological technique with the potential to discriminate biochemically between cell types in a label‐free and non‐invasive manner. Here, we use live single‐cell Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) to fingerprint mouse melanoblasts, melanocytes, keratinocytes and melanoma cells. We show the differences in their spectra are attributable to biomarkers in the melanin biosynthesis pathway and that melanoma cells are a heterogeneous population that sit on a trajectory between undifferentiated melanoblasts and differentiated melanocytes. We demonstrate the utility of Raman spectroscopy as a highly sensitive tool to probe the melanin biosynthesis pathway and its immediate response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation revealing previously undescribed opposing responses to UVA and UVB irradiation in melanocytes. Finally, we identify melanocyte‐specific accumulation of β‐carotene correlated with a stabilisation of the UVR response in lipids and proteins consistent with a β‐carotene‐mediated photoprotective mechanism. In summary, our data show that Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine the differentiation status of cells of the melanocyte lineage and describe the immediate and temporal biochemical changes associated with UV exposure which differ depending on cell type, differentiation status and competence to synthesise melanin. Our work uniquely applies Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between cell types by biological function and differentiation status while they are growing in culture. In doing so, we demonstrate for the first time its utility as a tool with which to probe the melanin biosynthesis pathway.
Building the blueprint: Formulating a community‐generated national plan for future research in inherited bleeding disorders
Authors: Valentino Leonard A. , Witkop Michelle L. , Santaella Maria E. , DiMichele Donna , Recht Michael
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Decades of inherited bleeding disorders (BD) research transformed severe haemophilia from a childhood killer to a disorder managed across a full lifespan for many in economically developed countries. Health equity, a life unimpaired by disease complications, however, remains unimaginable for most people with an inherited BD (PWIBD).

Aim

The National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF) and American Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network (ATHN) undertook the development of a community‐driven United States (US) National Blueprint for Inherited Bleeding Disorders Research to transform the experience of all PWIBD and those who care for them.

Methods

Extensive community consultations were conducted to identify the issues most important to PWIBD and those who love and care for them. Expert multidisciplinary teams distilled these key areas of need into prioritised research questions, and identified the resources and infrastructure required to pursue them. A summit was held to gather feedback and inform the detailed blueprint.

Results

Community‐prioritised research areas fell into three broad categories: issues common across inherited BDs, those specific to individual disorders, and issues of infrastructure and capacity. NHF State of the Science Research Summit discussions of the research questions derived from the community priorities by six working groups provided important input for the drafting of the research blueprint for the coming decades.

Conclusion

The inherited BD community came together to develop the US National Blueprint for Inherited Bleeding Disorders Research dedicated to transforming the lives of all PWIBD including innovating solutions for the rarest disorders and under‐represented populations.
Thermal stability of anisotropic bonded magnets prepared by additive manufacturing
Authors: Gandha Kinjal , Paranthaman Mariappan Parans , Wang Haobo , Liu Xubo , Nlebedim Ikenna C.
Published: June 2022

In this research, anisotropic NdFeB + SmFeN hybrid and NdFeB bonded magnets are additively printed in a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) polymer binder. Printed NdFeB + SmFeN PPS bonded magnets displayed excellent magnetic properties (Br[remanence] = 6.9 kG [0.69 T],Hcj[coercivity] = 8.3 kOe [660 kA/m], andBHmax[energy product] = 9.9 MGOe [79 kJ/m3]) with superior corrosion resistance and thermal stability. The anisotropic NdFeB bonded magnet shows a high coercivity of 14.6 kOe (1162 kA/m) with aBHmaxof 8.7 MGOe (69 kJ/m3). The coercivity and remanence temperature coefficients for NdFeB + SmFeN hybrid bonded magnets are −0.10%/K and −0.46%/K, and for NdFeB bonded magnets are −0.14%/K and −0.53%/K in the range of 300–400 K, indicating that the hybrid bonded magnets are thermally stable. The average flux aging loss for hybrid magnets was also determined to be very stable over 2000 h at 448 K (175°C) in air with 2.04% compared to that of NdFeB magnets with 3.62%.
Probiotic potential of GABA-producing lactobacilli isolated from Uruguayan artisanal cheese starter cultures
Authors: Lozano Joaquin , Fernández-Ciganda Sofía , González Revello Álvaro , Hirigoyen Darío , Martínez Marcela , Scorza Cecilia , Zunino Pablo
Published: June 2022

Aims

In this study, we sought to identify and characterize a collection of 101 lactobacilli strains isolated from natural whey starters used in Uruguayan artisan cheese production, based on their capacity to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and their probiotic potential.

Methods and Results

The probiotic potential was assessed using low pH and bile salt resistance assays; bacterial adhesion to intestinal mucus was also evaluated. Selected strains were then identified by 16S sequencing, and their GABA-producing potential was confirmed and quantified using a UHPLC–MS system. Twenty-five strains were identified and characterized as GABA-producing lactobacilli belonging to the phylogenetical groups Lactiplantibacillus (n = 19) and Lacticaseibacillus (n = 6). Fifteen strains of the Lactiplantibacillus group showed a significantly higher GABA production than the rest. They showed the predicted ability to survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract, according to the in vitro assays.

Conclusions

A set of promising candidate strains was identified as potential probiotics with action on the gut-brain axis. Further studies are needed to assess their possible effects on behaviour using in vivo assay.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This study shows the potential of strains isolated from local natural whey starters as probiotics and for biotechnological use in functional GABA-enriched foods formulation.
The effect of virtual reality media characteristics on flow and learning transfer in job training: The moderating effect of presence
Authors: Kang Youn Gu , Song Hae‐Deok , Yun Hyejoo , Jo Yunseong
Published: June 2022

Background

This study aims to establish the mechanism by which virtual reality (VR) media characteristics affect learning transfer in a VR‐based job‐training environment. The two main determinants of learning transfer are the technology and the learner, but not many studies have considered both factors simultaneously.

Objectives

This study aims to ascertain the mechanism by which VR media characteristics affect learning transfer with flow as a mediator, and to explore whether presence moderates the effect of VR media characteristics on flow.

Methods

A survey of semiconductor facilities engineers who received VR‐based job training was conducted. A total of 106 responses were used in the statistical analysis. A path analysis was conducted to determine the promotional mechanism that connects VR media characteristics, flow, and learning transfer.

Results and Conclusions

The results were as follows. First, VR media characteristics had a positive impact on learning transfer. Second, flow acted as a mediator in the relationship between VR media characteristics and learning transfer. Third, presence played a moderating role in the relationship between VR media characteristics and flow.

Key takeaways

This study is significant as it identifies elements to consider in relation to both the technological and learner aspects of VR while designing a VR‐based job‐training programme. A corporation should consider VR media characteristics from a technological perspective, and flow and presence from a learner's perspective.
Cognitive behavioral therapy in perinatal mental health: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Okatsau Aiko , Aoyama Sayaka , Yamaji Noyuri , Kataoka Yaeko
Published: June 2022

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) started in pregnancy can prevent depression and anxiety.

Methods

We conducted an overview review by selecting systematic reviews (SRs) that compared CBT with usual care, no CBT, or interventions other than CBT in perinatal women. We restricted the review to studies that included randomized controlled trials. The results of included SRs were descriptively integrated according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Results

Seven SRs met our eligibility criteria. One SR was limited to CBT interventions, whereas others included psychoeducation and interpersonal psychotherapy. There was some variation in the number of sessions and timing of CBT, and whether there was a postpartum intervention. Five SRs showed that CBT reduced depression compared with usual care, an educational intervention, or no intervention. One SR that analyzed the effect on anxiety found that psychotherapy, including CBT, reduced anxiety compared with usual care or no intervention.

Discussion

CBT starting from pregnancy may be effective as a preventive intervention for postpartum depression and anxiety, although the degree of effectiveness varied.

Conclusions

This overview review aimed to clarify whether CBT is effective in preventing depression and anxiety from pregnancy. CBT may be effective in reducing perinatal depression and anxiety.
Identifying and understanding challenges to inform new approaches to improve vaccination rates: A qualitative study in Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan Joko , Aungsuroch Yupin , Fisher Mary L. , Marzilli Colleen , Nazliansyah  , Sukarna Ade
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to identify and understand challenges to inform new strategies to increase the COVID‐19 vaccination rate according to involved vaccinators' perspectives in Belitung, Indonesia.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study design was used.

Methods

Online interviews and chatting were done among 11 vaccinators for data collection between August 2021 and January 2022. Data were analyzed using a content analysis model.

Findings

Four main themes emerged, including (1) communication strategies (evidence‐based, electronic‐based, and culturally based communication), (2) cross‐sectoral strategies (collaboration with police, religious leaders, customary leaders, heads of village divisions, and non‐governmental organizations), (3) “picking‐up the ball” system (home visits for elderly and people with disability and school visits for children), and (4) setting‐up priorities (between mandatory vaccines and boosters).

Conclusion

Despite making vaccination mandatory, the roles of communication, cross‐sectoral innovations, “picking‐up the ball” system, and priority setting may have useful potential to improve vaccination rates.

Clinical Relevance

The findings may serve as an input to overcome challenges and accelerate the vaccination coverage in Indonesia and beyond. However, further research is needed.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Affect Regulation Checklist: Clinical and Community Samples, Parent‐Reports and Youth Self‐Reports
Authors: Goulter Natalie , Balanji Sherene , Davis Brooke A. , James Tim , McIntyre Cassia L. , Smith Erica , Thornton Emily M. , Craig Stephanie G. , Moretti Marlene M.
Published: June 2022

The Affect Regulation Checklist (ARC) was designed to capture affect dysregulation, suppression, and reflection. Importantly, affect dysregulation has been established as a transdiagnostic mechanism underpinning many forms of psychopathology. We tested the ARC psychometric properties across clinical and community samples and through both parent‐report and youth self‐report information. Clinical sample: Participants included parents (n = 814; Mage = 43.86) and their child (n = 608; Mage = 13.98). Community sample: Participants included independent samples of parents (n = 578; Mage = 45.12) and youth (n = 809; Mage = 15.67). Exploratory structural equation modeling supported a three‐factor structure across samples and informants. Dysregulation was positively associated with all forms of psychopathology. In general, suppression was positively associated with many forms of psychopathology, and reflection was negatively associated with externalizing problems and positively associated with internalizing problems.
Study on flesh quality and physiological response of grass carp cultivated at higher density in‐pond raceway system
Authors: Peng Di , Zhang Yabing , Wang Ganxiang , Zheng Guodong , Zou Shuming
Published: June 2022

In‐pond raceway systems (IPRS) are a high‐density ecological green pond aquaculture mode, which has developed rapidly in China in recent years. This study evaluated the flesh quality and physiological response of grass carp under the IPRS mode. Compared with the traditional earthen pond (EP) mode, the grass carp hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index under the IPRS mode are significantly (p < 0.05) lower. And the water holding capacity of grass carp muscles were significantly (p < 0.05) improved. Compared with EP mode, grass carp muscles under the IPRS mode have more crude protein content and less crude fat content, and have higher muscle fiber density and smaller muscle fiber diameter. In the IPRS mode, the total amount of essential amino acids (∑EAA) in grass carp muscle increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the content of savory amino acids increased significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, the content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the muscle fatty acids of IPRS grass carp was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher than EP mode. At the same time, in order to cope with the high‐density culture mode of IPRS, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in grass carp muscle was significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and the alanine aminotransferase in serum, aspartate aminotransferase, as well as other biochemical indexes, increased significantly (p < 0.05). In the IPRS mode, the mass‐specific lamellae respiratory area of the gill increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the volume of the interlaminar cell mass decreased significantly (p < 0.05) to increase oxygen intake. Taken together, our results show that grass carp will produce relevant physiological response to cope with the IPRS high‐density culture environment, while their flesh yield, flesh quality, and nutritional value is improved.
The influence of probiotic (isolated based on phytase activity) on growth performance, body composition, and digestibility of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Abedi Seyedeh Zeinab , Yeganeh Sakineh , Moradian Fatemeh , Ouraji Hosein
Published: June 2022

In this study, the effect of using bacteria with phytase activity (AM) isolated from traditional dairy products was investigated for use in feeding rainbow trout. For this purpose, 450 rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 6.50 ± 0.43 g were randomly distributed to treatments in a controlled feeding experiment lasting 8 weeks. Experimental diets consisted of treatments with two levels of 20% and 40% soybean meal, each with two levels of AM and the commercial phytase (SP) of 1000 FTU/kg (AMT20, AMT40, SPT20, and SPT40), 2000 (AMS20, AMS40, SPS20, and SPS40), and zero (C20 and C40) as the control treatment. The results showed that the body weight gain, daily growth rate, and nutrient digestibility were higher in C20 treatment than C40 (p < 0.05). The use of SP and AM had a significant effect on body composition in fish fed diets containing 20% and 40% soy (p < 0.05). In the treatment with 40% soybean replacement level, bacteria with phytase activity could significantly increase the protein content (p < 0.05). The addition of bacteria to the AMS40 treatment neutralized the negative effect of 40% soy replacement on growth, protein, fat, and calcium and magnesium digestibility (p < 0.05). The present study showed that using AM (especially at the dose of 2000 FTU/kg) could increase the replacement level of soybean for fishmeal in rainbow trout diet not only without a negative effect on growth, but also for improvement of fish performance.
An automated artifact detection and rejection system for body surface gastric mapping
Authors: Calder Stefan , Schamberg Gabriel , Varghese Chris , Waite Stephen , Sebaratnam Gabrielle , Woodhead Jonathan S. T. , Du Peng , Andrews Christopher N. , O'Grady Greg , Gharibans Armen A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Body surface gastric mapping (BSGM) is a new clinical tool for gastric motility diagnostics, providing high‐resolution data on gastric myoelectrical activity. Artifact contamination was a key challenge to reliable test interpretation in traditional electrogastrography. This study aimed to introduce and validate an automated artifact detection and rejection system for clinical BSGM applications.

Methods

Ten patients with chronic gastric symptoms generated a variety of artifacts according to a standardized protocol (176 recordings) using a commercial BSGM system (Alimetry, New Zealand). An automated artifact detection and rejection algorithm was developed, and its performance was compared with a reference standard comprising consensus labeling by 3 analysis experts, followed by comparison with 6 clinicians (3 untrained and 3 trained in artifact detection). Inter‐rater reliability was calculated using Fleiss' kappa.

Key Results

Inter‐rater reliability was 0.84 (95% CI:0.77–0.90) among experts, 0.76 (95% CI:0.68–0.83) among untrained clinicians, and 0.71 (95% CI:0.62–0.79) among trained clinicians. The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm against experts was 96% (95% CI:91%–100%) and 95% (95% CI:90%–99%), respectively, vs 77% (95% CI:68%–85%) and 99% (95% CI:96%–100%) against untrained clinicians, and 97% (95% CI:92%–100%) and 88% (95% CI:82%–94%) against trained clinicians.

Conclusions & Inferences

An automated artifact detection and rejection algorithm was developed showing >95% sensitivity and specificity vs expert markers. This algorithm overcomes an important challenge in the clinical translation of BSGM and is now being routinely implemented in patient test interpretations.
The Utilization of Dual Second Sacral Alar‐Iliac Screws for Spinopelvic Fixation in Patients with Severe Kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Tang Ziyang , Hu Zongshan , Zhu Zezhang , Qiao Jun , Mao Saihu , Ling Chen , Qiu Yong , Liu Zhen
Published: June 2022

Objectives

As a new pelvic fixation technique, the dual S2AI screws fixation technique could provide highly stable distal strength, and have wide clinical prospect in the correction of severe kyphoscoliosis. However, the ideal trajectory parameters, indications and clinical outcomes of this technique have not been reported so far. This study aimed to determine the anatomical parameters of dual S2AI screws in the normal Chinese adult population, investigating the indications of this technique and evaluating the feasibility and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Fifteen males and 15 females with normal pelvis underwent a pelvic CT scan to determine ideal dual S2AI screws trajectories. Sagittal angle (SA), transverse angle (TA), maximal length (ML), sacral length, and skin distance were measured. Subsequently, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 16 patients (seven males and nine females) who underwent dual S2AI screw fixation and 23 patients who underwent single S2AI screw fixation between January 2014 and December 2019. Preoperative, postoperative, and latest follow‐up measurements of Cobb angle, coronal balance (CB), spinal pelvic obliquity (SPO), and regional kyphosis (RK) were obtained. The mean follow‐up time was 16.7 ± 7.1 months (range: 12–30 months). Independent t‐test was used to determine the difference in the analysis of the trajectories. The paired sample non‐parametric Wilcoxon test was performed to assess the changes in radiographic parameters between different time points and different groups.

Results

For both male and females, the proximal S2AI screws had significantly higher TA and ML, but a lower SA than distal screws. Females showed significantly more caudal (SA: 25.03° ± 2.32° vs. 29.82° ± 2.47°, t = 7.742, P < 0.001) trajectories of distal screw. Additionally, ML in the females were significantly shorter than that in males (106.81 mm ± 6.79 mm vs. 101.63 mm ± 6.55 mm, t = 3.007, P = 0.003, 124.41 mm ± 7.57 mm vs. 116.23 mm ± 7.03 mm, t = 4.337, P < 0.001). Eight had unilateral and eight had bilateral dual S2AI screw placement. Respectively, both the single S2AI and dual S2AI groups showed significant postoperative improvement of Cobb angle, RK angle and SPO angle. In patients with dual S2AI screws fixation, two patients found that screws loosening occurred in one of dual screws at 1‐year follow‐up, and in patients with single S2AI screws fixation, six patients found screw loosing as well as two patients found screw breakage at 1‐year follow‐up. None of all patients had any prominent loss of correction.

Conclusion

The ideal trajectory of dual S2AI screw could be well established. The dual S2AI screw fixation technique is feasible in patients with severe kyphoscoliosis, and provides satisfactory correction of deformity with few postoperative complications.
Genetic architecture of seed glycerolipids in Asian cultivated rice
Authors: Hong Jun , Rosental Leah , Xu Yang , Xu Dawei , Orf Isabel , Wang Wengsheng , Hu Zhiqiang , Su Su , Bai Shaoxing , Ashraf Mohammed , Hu Chaoyang , Zhang Changquan , Li Zhikang , Xu Jianlong , Liu Qiaoquan , Zhang Hui , Zhang Fengli , Luo Zhijing , Chen Mingjiao , Chen Xiaofei , Betts Natalie , Fernie Alisdair , Liang Wanqi , Chen Guanqun , Brotman Yariv , Zhang Dabing , Shi Jianxin
Published: June 2022

Glycerolipids are essential for rice development and grain quality but its genetic regulation remains unknown. Here we report its genetic base using metabolite‐based genome‐wide association study and metabolite‐based quantitative traits locus (QTL) analyses based on lipidomic profiles of seeds from 587 Asian cultivated rice accessions and 103 chromosomal segment substitution lines, respectively. We found that two genes encoding phosphatidylcholine (PC):diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (OsLP1) and granule‐bound starch synthase I (Waxy) contribute to variations in saturated triacylglycerol (TAG) and lyso‐PC contents, respectively. We demonstrated that allelic variation in OsLP1 sequence between indica and japonica results in different enzymatic preference for substrate PC‐16:0/16:0 and different saturated TAG levels. Further evidence demonstrated that OsLP1 also affects heading date, and that co‐selection of OsLP1 and a flooding‐tolerant QTL in Aus results in the abundance of saturated TAGs associated with flooding tolerance. Moreover, we revealed that the sequence polymorphisms in Waxy has pleiotropic effects on lyso‐PC and amylose content. We proposed that rice seed glycerolipids have been unintentionally shaped during natural and artificial selection for adaptive or import seed quality traits. Collectively, our findings provide valuable genetic resources for rice improvement and evolutionary insights into seed glycerolipid variations in rice.
Sensitive and Selective Detection of Enterococcus faecalis Using a New Turn‐on Fluorogenic β‐glucosidase Substrate Combined with a Modified Selective Broth
Authors: Wei Xianhu , Gu Qihui , Feng Ying , Zhang Youxiong , Li Ying , Zhang Shuhong , Zhang Jumei , Wu Shi , Yang Xiaojuan , Ye Qinghua , Ding Yu , Wang Juan , Chen Moutong , Wu Qingping
Published: June 2022

A new, simple‐to‐synthesize and sensitive turn‐on fluorogenic substrate (CFMU‐Glu) for β‐glucosidase activity was developed. This probe was based on a 7‐hydroxycoumarin derivative (CFMU) that could emit green fluorescence and had the low pKa value of 5.61 ± 0.01. CFMU‐Glu could be used for sensitive monitoring of the almond βGLU and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) at the optimal pHs of 6.50 and 7.00, respectively. Moreover, a new sensitive and selective fluorogenic broth (PBF‐B) for E. faecalis, utilizing CFMU‐Glu and polymyxin B, was also developed. Polymyxin B was discovered to can significantly improve the detection selectivity and signal intensity. The proposed 4‐four method using PBF‐B and a microcentrifuge tube could provide fluorogenic detection limits of 5.01 × 104 and 1.0 × 105 CFU mL−1 by fluorescence microplate reader and naked eye, respectively; it could also provide a turn‐on chromogenic detection limit of 1.0 × 106 CFU mL−1 by naked eye. The proposed method could detect 8 CFU mL−1 of E. faecalis in drinking water, Liangcha (herbal tea) and milk samples within 10 h, without pre‐enrichment.
Embracing dynamic tensions: Peacekeeping as a balancing act of complexity
Authors: Paananen Soili , Puustinen Alisa , Raisio Harri , Jalonen Harri
Published: June 2022

The article examines how military leaders serving as peacekeepers navigate complexity and adapt to it. The theoretical underpinnings of the study are linked to adaptive peacebuilding and Complexity Leadership Theory, and specifically to how enabling leadership through adaptive space helps to work with the local conflict dynamics and change to sustain peace. The findings are based on 29 interviews with military leaders with command experience in peacekeeping operations. The findings introduce five dimensions that unpack complexity into structural, functional, security‐related, professional, and steering‐related complexity and provide empirical evidence on balancing actions relating to complexity in a peacekeeping context. The article develops an analytical framework for peacekeeping. It also contributes to Complexity Leadership Theory by unpacking the complexity into dimensions, unpacking the actors into groups and communities with commitments, and addressing power relations and the dark side of their emergence.
Reproductive efficiency of sows inseminated at single dose fixed time with refrigerated, cryopreserved and encapsulated spermatozoa
Authors: Sánchez‐Sánchez Raúl , Pérez‐Garnelo Sonia S. , Martín Lluch Mercedes , de la Cruz Paloma , Falceto Maria V. , Córdova‐Izquierdo Alejandro , Torner Juan Grandía , Mitjana Olga , Suárez Andrés E. , Montull Teresa , Ansó Juan Grandía , Ansó Trinidad , Gómez‐Fidalgo Ernesto
Published: June 2022

The aim was to assess the reproductive efficiency of different techniques used to preserve spermatozoa in artificial insemination semen doses (AI‐doses) by evaluating refrigeration at 15°C, cryopreservation and encapsulation. Forty‐two hyperprolific sows were treated with buserelin and inseminated once at a single fixed time. The fertility rate, embryonic vesicles viability and the early embryonic mortality (arrested conceptuses) evaluated post‐mortem at 24th day of pregnancy, were analysed in order to assess the effectiveness of each proposed technique. Results show an overall reduction on fertility using the three proposal sperm preservation techniques (69.27%, 60.00% and 78.75% for refrigerated, frozen–thawed and encapsulated AI‐doses, respectively). Total number of embryonic vesicles was very similar among the three treatments; yet, the number of viable vesicles was numerically different among groups, and thus, embryonic viability was 79.25%, 80.0% and 87.15% for refrigerated, frozen–thawed and encapsulated AI‐doses, respectively.
China–US economic and trade relations, trade news, and short‐term fluctuation of the RMB exchange rate
Authors: Guo Wei , Chen Zhongfei
Published: June 2022

The trade war between the US and China affects the fluctuation of RMB exchange rate. We collect news on China–US trade policies and talks from January 2017 to July 2020. Results show that China–US dialogue and tariff imposition have the greatest impact on the percentage of RMB appreciation and depreciation. Additionally, tariff relaxation and increasing enterprise restrictions can cause a sharp appreciation and depreciation. “Policies” events and trade news from the US influence RMB fluctuations the most significantly. Finally, positive events cannot significantly cause RMB appreciation, but negative events can significantly cause RMB devaluation.
Prevalence and management of filarial lymphoedema and its associated factors in Lindi district, Tanzania: A community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: John Winfrida , Mushi Vivian , Tarimo Donath , Mwingira Upendo
Published: June 2022

Objective

To determine the burden and management of filarial lymphoedema and its associated factors in Lindi district, Tanzania.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study involving 954 community members who were screened for filarial lymphoedema by using a checklist. Moreover, lymphoedema patients were examined for the presence of entry lesions, staging of disease, and interviewed on acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) attacks, and their current practices on lymphoedema management. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The prevalence of filarial lymphoedema was 7.8%, with the majority in the early stage of lymphoedema (78.4%). The large majority (98.6%) of the patients had lower limb lymphoedema and 46% of lymphoedema patients had entry lesions. More than a half (60.8%) of those lymphoedema patients had experienced ADLA attacks; close to two‐thirds (64.8%) had one or two attacks in the past 6 months. Generally, patients had inappropriate hygiene care practices for filarial lymphoedema management. Inappropriate hygiene care practice for lymphoedema management was associated with an increased risk for the development of advance stage of lymphoedema (adjusted odds ratio = 7.379, 95%, confidence interval: 3.535–16.018, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Though lymphatic filariasis transmission has drastically declined, chronic manifestations of lymphoedema persist in Lindi district. The recommended disease management practices are deficient, which calls for a programmatic approach for mapping the burden of lymphoedema and implementing its management.