bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harmonising or politicising: Youth sector peacebuilding in contested societies
Authors: Hamilton Andy , Hammond Mark
Published: December 2022

Peacebuilding in contested societies is a cross-sectoral enterprise in which young people are primary stakeholders. Multilateral state-sponsored programmes and philanthropic agencies have resourced a vibrant youth sector delivering peacebuilding initiatives in Northern Ireland and the border counties. Despite billions in investment and a rich tapestry of transformative practice, a visionary peacebuilding strategy co-created with young people has remained elusive. As a result, youth sector peacebuilding in Northern Ireland is inhibited by an obstacle facing civil society peacebuilding across the globe – an ill-articulated vision resulting in pockets of disparate practice. Based on empirical research involving 43 youth work practitioners, this article offers a novel and rigorous methodological framework and sociological analysis to support researchers, policymakers and practitioners in contested societies to advance conceptualisations of peacebuilding. Freeden's framework of morphological analysis is operationalised through Q methodology leading to the identification of four distinctive orientations to peacebuilding. Bourdieu's concepts of capital and field are drawn upon to analyse the four perspectives, framed within a new sociopolitical model of youth sector peacebuilding. Tensions between harmonising versus politicising propensities are discussed as a substantial divergence variously incentivised or neglected by powerful actors within the field with significant implications for the trajectory of practice.
Pragmatism in Evidence-Based Practice – Not to the Extreme, Please
Authors: Florczak Kristine
Published: December 2022

Over the years, I have written many articles on the subject of evidence-based practice (EBP). At times, the writing has been entirely derogatory; at others, it has been a bit more forgiving. In attempting to crystalize my notion of evidence in practice, I have concluded that pragmatism is a central driver of the process and that such pragmatism may attempt to whitewash the problem of bias in order to make findings useful for clinicians. To further clarify my position, the ideas of pragmatism, EBP, and bias are considered here.
The Paradoxical Tensions of Speaking–Being Silent: An Ethical Perspective
Authors: Milton Constance L.
Published: December 2022

Choosing whether or not to speak or be silent is a paradoxical experience that emerges in the moment. For the discipline of nursing, it is an important value priority found in nurse-person, nurse-group, and nurse-community situations. The discipline of nursing is at a crossroad when contemplating what its place and status will be in the chaotic and ever-changing healthcare and higher educational arenas. The author in this article sheds new light on the future direction for what it means to articulate meaning as a nurse and the ethical consequences of choosing to speak–not speak up for the ever-changing priorities and purposes of the healthcare disciplines.
Patient Abuse in Healthcare: A Theoretical Synthesis
Authors: Alzyoud Fatima A. , McCurry Mary K. , Hunter Revell Susan M.
Published: December 2022

Patient abuse in healthcare is an emerging phenomenon in need of explanation and further analysis. Preventing abusive incidents in healthcare requires identifying structural imbalances that make mistreatment of vulnerable individuals possible. A theory synthesis of the vicious violence triangle and the socioecological model provides a framework to investigate factors that influence nurses’ abusive behavior toward patients in hospitals. Concepts include direct violence, structural violence, cultural violence, and intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational factors. The patient abuse in healthcare theory supports empowerment and transformation of nursing and nursing science and offers a blueprint for research that promotes health equity.
A Glimpse of Einstein’s Living Quality: Humanbecoming Hermeneutic Sciencing
Authors: Parse Rosemarie Rizzo
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this humanbecoming hermeneutic sciencing was to discover the emergent meanings in the living quality of humanuniverse, Albert Einstein. The author’s dialogue with various media centered on the question: What are the emergent meanings in the living quality of the legendary figure, Albert Einstein? For this humanbecoming hermeneutic sciencing, the works investigated by the author were limited to only three media sources: Einstein Revealed, a public television production; the book that inspired the work, Einstein: His Life and Universe, by Walter Isaacson; and the BBC-DVD video, Einstein and Eddington. There are hundreds of books, essays, films, and other works about Einstein that were not included in this hermeneutic investigation.
The American Academy of Nursing 50th Anniversary of the Nursing Theory Guided Practice Expert Panel (NTGPEP): Exploring the Past—Re-envisioning the Future
Authors: Jones Dorothy A. , Flanagan Jane , Fawcett Jacqueline , Sousa Karen , Willis Danny , Wolf Zane , Turkel Marion , Smith Marlaine
Published: December 2022

The Nursing Theory-Guided Practice Expert Panel (NTGP-EP), one of the 14 Expert Panels, is officially designated to advance the mission and strategic goals of the American Academy of Nursing. The NTGP-EP has created a forum for dialogue among nurse scholars interested in advancing nursing theory to promote health and wellbecoming. The purpose of this paper is to share the important work of the NTGP-EP and its history, contributions, and accomplishments, and to propose a member-driven agenda to re-envision our preferred future and the impact of the use of nursing theory to guide nursing education, research, practice, and policy.
Development and characterization of cotton fabrics by dipping in solutions of chitosan and ZnO-nanoparticles as promising environmentally friendly reinforcements for polymer composites
Authors: Alharbi Najlaa D , Amer Hanan H , El-Zaher Nabawia A , Guirguis Osiris W
Published: December 2022

The goal of this study is to improve the qualities of Saudi cotton fabrics to be used in a variety of industrial and medicinal applications. Cotton fabrics were treated by dipping in chitosan/ZnO-NPs solutions with various ZnO-NPs concentrations. XRD and SEM of crystal and morphological structure, thermal analysis (TG and DSC) of fabric stability for heat assessment, were used to characterize the fabrics. The produced textiles were tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli (bacteria), and Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans (fungus) using agar diffusion method. According to the XRD data, the fabrics treated with chitosan and by increasing the concentration of ZnO-NPs had increased crystallinity. The successful deposition and strong binding of chitosan and ZnO-NPs to the fabric surface, and the obvious change in fabric morphology, were confirmed by SEM micrographs. The pyrolysis peak positions were changed to a higher temperature. The creation of the inhibitory zone indicated that the treated fabrics had bactericidal effects. The results could be useful in an open innovation approach to improving the qualities of treated textiles that point to their use in medical applications.
Validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28) in India
Authors: Singh Kamlesh , Bandyopadhyay Shilpa , Raina Mahima
Published: December 2022

Background:

The Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28) is one of the few measures based on a contextually and culturally embedded understanding of resilience. However, its psychometric properties have not been examined in India which is home to the largest proportion of adolescents worldwide. The present study was conducted to address this gap.

Aims:

This study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the English and Hindi translated version of the CYRM-28 in the Indian context. Additionally, it investigated the role of select sociodemographic factors on the resilience levels of Indian school-going adolescents.

Method:

Using convenience sampling, data were collected from 1281 adolescents (mean = 15.28 years; SD = 1.08) enrolled in private and government schools in rural and urban parts of Northern India. Three measures were used in this study: CYRM-28, Warwick-Edinburg mental well-being scale (WEMWBS) and PERMA. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation, and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted to validate the scale and to study the effect of sociodemographic factors on resilience levels of India adolescents.

Results:

A 16-item (English and Hindi) version of the CYRM-28, with a three factor-structure was found to be the most adequate fit for the Indian context. It demonstrated good reliability and convergent validity with the WEMWBS and PERMA. Further, the multivariate results, albeit with a small effect size, showed a significant main effect for place of residence and age, with urban and older adolescents obtaining higher resilience scores than their rural and younger counterparts.

Conclusion:

The present research shows that a shorter 16-item version of the CYRM with a three-factor structure is a reliable and valid tool for use among Indian adolescents. The CYRM is a robust resilience measure being used across varied cultures—its validation in the Indian context widens the scope for resilience research in the Indian adolescent population.
Potential Sociodemographic Predictors of Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mustaffa Mohamed Sharif , Bafghi Zahra Ramazanian , Ahmadi Atefeh , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Mansor Mohamed Shafeq
Published: December 2022

Background:

Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of anxiety among primary school students in rural areas is relatively high. Also, this stage is a critical developmental stage of academic life. Childhood anxiety disorders lead to significant disruption and interference with other aspects of life, including behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and academic achievement.

Aims:

This study aimed to find the frequency of 6 subtypes of anxiety disorders and to determine the potential sociodemographic factors of anxiety disorders among primary school students in a rural area of Malaysia.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study in which 411 students answered the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Child version (SCAS-C). Descriptive analyses elucidated at-risk students, and multivariate analysis of variance and multiple linear regression presented potential predictors of anxiety disorders.

Results:

The most common abnormal level was for social phobia (SP) (n = 109/18.6%), and the least common were panic/agoraphobia (n = 85/14.1%) and physical injury fears (PIF) (n = 82/13.6%). Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that age ( P < .05), gender ( P < .05), father’s employment ( P < .05), and mother’s educational level (EL) P < .05) were predictors of overall anxiety. A Tukey post-hoc test revealed that older children are more likely to suffer from overall anxiety, separation anxiety (SA), SP, and obsessive-compulsive problems. Children of low-income families were less likely to suffer from SA than those of middle-income families. Children of stay-at-home mothers were less likely to suffer from overall anxiety, SA, and SP than mothers who worked more than 8 h per day. Multiple linear regression could predict 6 models of anxiety based on sociodemographic factors.

Conclusion:

According to our findings in this study, promoting mental health by providing preventive strategies and screening programs is more recommended for students with sociodemographic risk factors for anxiety disorders.
The Prognostic Value of Hematologic Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Fan Wenjun , Wei Chen , Liu Yixiang , Sun Qiyu , Tian Yanan , Wang Xinchen , Liu Jingyi , Zhang Ying , Sun Lixian
Published: December 2022

The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte*platelet ratio (NLRP) are novel indices that simultaneously reflect the inflammatory and immune status. However, the role of these indices in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the predictive value of AISI, SIRI, and NLRP in patients with ACS undergoing PCI. A total of 1558 patients with ACS undergoing PCI were consecutively enrolled from January 2016 to December 2018. The AISI, SIRI, NLRP, systemic immune-inflammatory index, derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio cutoff values for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were calculated using receiver-operating characteristic curves, and Spearman's test was used to analyze correlations between these indices. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models were used for survival analyses, and the endpoint was a MACE, which included all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for severe heart failure during the follow-up period. The Kaplan–Meier curves showed that higher AISI, SIRI, and NLRP values were associated with a higher risk of MACE (all P < .001). The association between AISI, SIRI, and NLRP and ACS prognosis was stable in various subgroups according to sex, age, smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, history of stroke, and heart failure ( P for interaction > .05). Increasing tertiles of AISI, SIRI, and NLRP significantly increased the MACE risk ( P for trend < .05). AISI, SIRI, and NLRP may be suitable laboratory markers for identifying high-risk patients with ACS after PCI.
A hybrid sliding mode controller design for vibration suppression in a hydraulic suspension system with vertical load disturbance
Authors: Gu Jinheng , Xue Xianyang , Yang Wenjuan , Lu Gang
Published: December 2022

Anti-disturbance vibration control is a crucial component in a hydraulic suspension system. However, random input excitation and prolonged service can cause hydraulic suspension system parameters to drift, leading to system vibration with suppression failure. The resulting states of nonlinearity and disturbance will lead to a gradual deterioration of pressure control. Therefore, designing a viable controller for a hydraulic suspension system that considers system nonlinearity, computing capacity, and sensor configuration is essential. To address this need, we present a double-layer control strategy in this work. A hybrid sliding mode control algorithm based on the reference skyhook and groundhook model is proposed to regulate the expected force of reverse compensation. An output controller is then applied based on the expected force observer to mitigate low-frequency vibrations to realize a steady state. A logic rule is designed to ensure that the two controllers work to suppress sprung mass vibration, and a comprehensive system model is derived to help characterize system nonlinearities and design the hybrid sliding model controller. Numerical and physical validations are then carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the strategy and test the performance of the controller. The experimental results show that the hybrid sliding mode controller can suppress vibration under disturbance excitation and reduce the vibration acceleration to a 2.3 m/s2 random response when system parameters vary.
Evaluation of Racial Disparities in Suspected Child Abuse among Insured Children with Head Injury
Authors: Jones Milissa U. , Banaag Amanda , Nafea Shamim S. , Koehlmoos Tracey Perez
Published: December 2022

Previous studies demonstrate racial disparities in child abuse evaluations even after controlling for health insurance coverage. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) of Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries born between fiscal years 2016 and 2018 to evaluate racial disparities and other factors in the suspicion of child abuse. We observed beneficiaries for 2.5 years after birth and assessed the incidence of head injury using diagnostic codes. Among children with head injury codes, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to measure the association between race and the concurrent use of the diagnostic code for suspected child abuse (SCA) or for the performance of a skeletal survey. There were 195,893 infants included and 45,269 (23.1%) underwent evaluations for head injury. Less than one percent ( n = 424) concurrently had the diagnostic code for SCA or a skeletal survey performed within 2 weeks of the head injury evaluation. When controlling for other factors, race was not associated with SCA. Higher military rank was independently associated with decreased odds of SCA. Racial disparities in SCA may be mitigated in the MHS, and further evaluation is needed. Military rank could be a factor in SCA disparities and warrants further study.
Information Diffusion or Deviation? An Exponential Random Graph Model of Activism Against Discrimination on Airbnb
Authors: Li Yao-Tai , Cheng Mingming , Mkono Muchazondida
Published: December 2022

This study examines the information diffusion of “Airbnb discrimination” and related digital activism on Twitter. The model-based inferential network analysis shows a hub-and-spoke network that is loosely connected, indicating that the diffusion network of Airbnb discrimination includes various issues (e.g., antisemitism). The retweet network mirrors the existing offline relationship of users (e.g., those who support opinion leaders of antisemitism), demonstrating a core–periphery structure during the information diffusion process. This study not only empirically tested the retweet relationships but also provided theoretical explanations on how these relationships form through the notion of curative logic and two step information flow theory. The findings of this research challenge the widely accepted assumption about social media that “the more users share, the more people will see.”
A Peek at LVADs Pumping to Recovery
Authors: Arshad Samiullah , Cutting Rachel D , Stephens Daniel J , Goldberg Ythan H , Mahr Claudius , Vyasabattu Mahender , Abdelfattah Ahmed H , Vaidya Gaurang N
Published: December 2022

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have revolutionized the management of patients with advanced heart failure refractory to medical therapy. Current indications of LVADs include Bridge to Transplantation (BTT), Destination Therapy (DT) for long-term use, Bridge to the Decision (BTD) used as a temporary measure, and lastly Bridge to Recovery (BTR). Here, we briefly review the clinical evidence and the molecular mechanisms behind myocardial recovery following LVAD placement. We also share institutional protocols used at 2 major medical centers in the USA.
Beliefs of general classroom and music specialist teachers in Hungarian primary schools regarding the development of musical abilities in children
Authors: Asztalos Andrea
Published: December 2022

One of the most important issues in music education is the development of children’s musical abilities, which are in turn impacted by teachers’ beliefs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the beliefs of general classroom and music specialist teachers in Hungary about the development of the musical abilities of children. A total of 176 general classroom teachers and 272 music specialist teachers participated in the research process. Data were collected using an online questionnaire method. SPSS was used to process data using quantitative methods. The researcher used descriptive statistical methods (frequencies, means, standard deviations) for data analysis, and inferential statistics—independent samples t test, Pearson’s correlation, and factor analysis (Maximum Likelihood method, Oblimin rotation)—to examine differences and correlations between variables. The results indicated that teachers cognitively organize musical abilities differently from the Hungarian National Core Curriculum content. Moreover, the study observed several differences among the beliefs of general classroom and music specialist teachers regarding the level of development of musical abilities of primary school children. A significant correlation was noted between the teachers’ qualifications, practice, and length of instrumental learning, and their beliefs about developing musical abilities in children. One main educational implication emerged from the results was the importance of modification of beliefs for educating teachers in university courses, which poses a major problem because changing teachers’ beliefs is a complex process.
National Institutes of Health pathways to prevention workshop: Improving rural health through telehealth-guided provider-to-provider communication
Authors: Wakefield Mary , Sankaranarayanan Jayashri , Conroy Joanne Mather , McLafferty Sara , Moser Robert , Murry Velma McBride , Slifkin Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Rural communities often face chronic challenges of high rates of serious health conditions coupled with inadequate access to health care services—challenges exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. One strategy with the potential to mitigate these problems is the increased use of telehealth technology. A feature of telehealth applications—collaboration between health care providers for consultation and other purposes—referred to herein as Rural Provider-to-Provider Telehealth (RPPT), introduces important expertise that may not exist locally in rural communities. Literature indicates that RPPT is operationalized through many methods with an array of purposes. While RPPT is a promising strategy that brings additional expertise to patient-centered rural care delivery, there is limited evidence addressing important considerations, including how patient access and outcomes, provider satisfaction and performance, and payment may be affected by its use.

Methods

Recognizing the significant potential of RPPT and the need for more information associated with its use, the National Institutes of Health convened a Pathways to Prevention (P2P) workshop to further understand RPPT's effectiveness and impact on improving health outcomes in rural settings. The P2P initiative, supported by several federal health agencies, engaged rural health stakeholders and experts to examine four key questions, identify related knowledge gaps, and provide recommendations to advance understanding of the use and impact of RPPT.

Results

Included in this report is a description of the process used to generate information about RPPT, the identification of key knowledge gaps, and specific recommendations to further build needed evidence.

Discussion

The emerging use of RPPT is an important tool for bridging gaps in access to care that impacts rural populations. However, to fully understand the value and effects of RPPT, new research is needed to fill the knowledge gaps identified in this report. Additionally, this report should help engage providers, payors, and policymakers interested in supporting evidence-informed RPPT practice, policy, and payment, with the ultimate aim of improving access to health care and health status of rural communities in the United States and worldwide.
Cigarette smoking and mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral artery disease
Authors: Guo Michelle , McDermott Mary M , Dayanidhi Sudarshan , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Wohlgemuth Stephanie , Ferrucci Luigi , Peterson Charlotte A , Kosmac Kate , Tian Lu , Zhao Lihui , Sufit Robert , Ho Karen , Criqui Michael , Xu Shujun , Zhang Dongxue , Greenland Philip
Published: December 2022

Background:

This study evaluated the association of smoking with mitochondrial function in gastrocnemius muscle of people with peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods:

Participants were enrolled from Chicago, Illinois and consented to gastrocnemius biopsy. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was measured in muscle with respirometry. Abundance of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) (mitochondrial membrane abundance), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC-1α) (mitochondrial biogenesis), and electron transport chain complexes I–V were measured with Western blot.

Results:

Fourteen of 31 people with PAD (age 72.1 years, ABI 0.64) smoked cigarettes currently. Overall, there were no significant differences in mitochondrial oxidative capacity between PAD participants who currently smoked and those not currently smoking (complex I+II-mediated oxidative phosphorylation: 86.6 vs 78.3 pmolO2/s/mg, respectively [ p = 0.39]). Among participants with PAD, those who currently smoked had a higher abundance of PGC-1α ( p < 0.01), VDAC ( p = 0.022), complex I ( p = 0.021), and complex III ( p = 0.021) proteins compared to those not currently smoking. People with PAD who currently smoked had lower oxidative capacity per VDAC unit (complex I+II-mediated oxidative phosphorylation [137.4 vs 231.8 arbitrary units, p = 0.030]) compared to people with PAD not currently smoking. Among people without PAD, there were no significant differences in any mitochondrial measures between currently smoking ( n = 5) and those not currently smoking ( n = 63).

Conclusions:

Among people with PAD, cigarette smoking may stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis to compensate for reduced oxidative capacity per unit of mitochondrial membrane, resulting in no difference in overall mitochondrial oxidative capacity according to current smoking status among people with PAD. However, these results were cross-sectional and a longitudinal study is needed.
Cultural adaptation considerations of a comprehensive housing outreach program for Indigenous youth exiting homelessness
Authors: Lund Jessie I. , Toombs Elaine , Mushquash Christopher J. , Pitura Victoria , Toneguzzi Kaitlyn , Bobinski Tina , Leon Scott , Vitopoulos Nina , Frederick Tyler , Kidd Sean A.
Published: December 2022

Generalist health interventions that aim to reduce chronic health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations can be culturally adapted to better meet the needs of Indigenous people in Canada; however, little is known regarding best practices in implementing these adaptations. The present study first provides a review of the research process used to adapt a previous evidence-based housing initiative for Indigenous youth in Northwestern Ontario. Second, it includes an overview of the adaptations that were made and the associated rationale for such adaptations. Third, it examines the experiences of participants and staff involved in the cultural adaptation of the Housing Outreach Program Collaborative (HOP-C), a health intervention re-designed to improve physical and mental health outcomes, wellbeing, and social support for formerly homeless Indigenous youth as they secure housing. Qualitative feedback from interviews with 15 participants and eight program staff, in addition to one focus group with an additional six frontline workers, described perceived outcomes of the program's cultural adaptations. Modifications to the overall program structure, specific roles within the program (including counseling services, peer mentorship, cultural services, and case management), and adaptations to general implementation within the health organization providing the intervention were described by participants and staff as effective and helpful adaptations. The focus of Indigenous values at an organizational level led to consistent adaptations in counseling and case management to best meet the unique needs of the youth involved. Based upon participant interviews, recommendations to future adaptations are provided.
Advances in simulation and experimental study on intermetallic formation and thermomechanical evolution of Al–Cu composite with Zn interlayer: Effect of spot pass and shoulder diameter during the pinless friction stir spot welding process
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Amin , Bagheri Behrouz , Vaneghi Alireza H. , Shamsipur Ali , Mirsalehi Seyyed E.
Published: December 2022

In this study, the pinless friction stir spot welding of aluminum–copper composite with Zn interlayer was analyzed under experimental measurement and finite element method. The role of shoulder diameter, 16, 18, and 20 mm, and the number of spot pass, one to three pass, on microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal history of weld samples were investigated. Based on the obtained results, there is a good agreement between numerical data and experimental analyses. It was shown that the heat source, due to plastic deformation and friction, increased as the shoulder diameter was increased, whereas the stress distribution in the weld samples was reduced. In addition, the thickness of the Zn interlayer at the joint interface changes when shoulder size increases from 16 to 20 mm, due to high temperature and intermixing between materials. From the microstructure analysis, the grain size in the joint zone gradually decreases as the spot pass increases from 1 to 3. It was concluded that the shoulder diameter of 16 mm with three spot passes showed the best result of 7.45 kN. Depending on X-ray diffraction analyses of the fracture surfaces, three primarily intermetallic phases including the Al2Cu, CuZn5, and CuZn2 were determined in the weld interfaces. Based on finite element method analysis, the axial compressive stresses showed the lowest profile as the shoulder diameter of the tool is 16 mm. Finally, the ductile fracture was detected as the main fracture mechanism for the joint sample with optimal joining conditions.
Qualification of distributed optical fiber sensors using probability of detection curves for delamination in composite laminates
Authors: Falcetelli Francesco , Cristiani Demetrio , Yue Nan , Sbarufatti Claudio , Troiani Enrico , Di Sante Raffaella , Zarouchas Dimitrios
Published: December 2022

Despite the promising application of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors (DOFS) in monitoring damage in composite structures, their implementation outside academia is still unsatisfactory due to the lack of a systematic approach to assessing their damage detection performance. The existing tool developed for non-destructive evaluation, Probability of Detection (POD) curves, needs to be adapted for structural health monitoring applications to account for spatial and temporal dependency. Damage detection performance with DOFS is deeply related to the inherent variability sources of the system, the strain transfer properties of the optical fiber, and the loading conditions, which determine the damage-induced strain on the structure. This paper establishes a systematic approach based on the Length at Detection (LaD) method to qualify DOFS for damage detection in composites under different scenarios. Specifically, this study considers two DOFS with different strain transfer properties for monitoring delamination in carbon fiber reinforced polymers double-cantilever beam specimens under mode I quasi-static and fatigue loading. The POD curves derived from the LaD method confirm that this methodology can quantify the change in the detection performance due to the DOFS type and the loading conditions. The study also proposes a practical solution to compare POD curves obtained with different sample sizes, by introducing the concept of virtual specimens to simulate the lower confidence bound convergence.
Development and evaluation of remote supervision in clinical ethics consultation training
Authors: Takimoto Yoshiyuki , Udagawa Makoto
Published: December 2022

During clinical ethics consultation training, hands-on practice after acquiring the necessary knowledge under an experienced clinical ethics consultant's supervision is an effective method of obtaining technical and practical skills. However, in regions where clinical ethics consultation is still nascent, few experienced clinical ethics consultants exist. The number of clinical ethics consultation cases is small, making on-the-job training significantly difficult. To address this problem, this study developed a remote supervision program using e-mail and ZOOM and evaluated its effectiveness using Kirkpatrick's learning effectiveness model. The findings confirmed the good learning effects of both programs. In particular, ZOOM's learning effectiveness was greater than e-mail's in Level 2 learning effects. Nevertheless, remote supervision may be an effective method when in-person training is difficult, such as in countries with developing clinical ethics consultations or during the outbreak of infection.
Validation of Belonging among Underrepresented Undergraduates in STEM Majors: Comparison of Former Transfer and non-Transfer Students
Authors: Holland Zahner Dana G. , Harper Raquel P.
Published: December 2022

The transfer pathway from community college to university holds promise for advancing equity in STEM because it is followed by disproportionately high numbers of underrepresented students. Among the challenges these students face is cultivating belonging in multiple institutional settings. By combining belonging and validation theories, this qualitative study investigated how underrepresented students’ belonging developed in their STEM majors, highlighting differences between students who transferred and those who began as first-time in college (FTIC) students. The findings revealed that for each type of belonging experience a smaller proportion of transfer students than FTIC students experienced validation and a higher proportion experienced invalidation. Department-based transfer student orientation and ongoing programming were uniformly validating to STEM transfer students. The study provides evidence that major belonging is an academic phenomenon that is within the scope of institutional responsibility to improve. Practical implications for administrators and faculty are included as are suggestions for future research.
Evaluating Mobius3D Dose Calculation Accuracy for Small-Field Flattening- Filter-Free Photon Beams
Authors: Kim Changhwan , Kim Jihun , Lee Young Kyu , Shin Han-Back , Han Min Cheol , Kim Hojin , Kim Jin Sung
Published: December 2022

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the dose calculation accuracy of Mobius3D for small-field flattening-filter-free x-rays, mainly utilized for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). The accuracy of beam modeling and multileaf collimator (MLC) modeling in Mobius3D, significantly affecting the dose calculation is investigated. Methods: The commissioning procedures of Mobius3D were performed for unflattened 6 MV and 10 MV x-ray beams of the linear accelerator, including beam model adjustment and dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) optimization. An experimental study with artificial plans was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of small-field modeling. The dose calculation accuracy of Mobius3D was also evaluated for retrospective SBRT plans with multiple targets. Results: Both studies evaluated the dose calculation accuracy through comparisons with the measured data. Relatively large differences were observed for off-axis distances over 5 cm and for small fields less than 1 cm field size. For the study with artificial plans, the maximum absolute error of 9.96% for unflattened 6 MV and 9.07% for unflattened 10 MV was observed when the field size was 1 cm. For the study with patient plans, the mean gamma passing rate with 3%/3 mm gamma criterion was 63.6% for unflattened 6 MV and 82.6% for unflattened 10 MV. The maximum of the average dose difference was −19.9% for unflattened 6MV and −10.1% for unflattened 10MV. Conclusions: The dose calculation accuracy uncertainties of Mobius3D for small-field flattening-filter-free photon beams were observed. The study results indicated that the beam and MLC modeling of Mobius3D must be improved for use in SBRT pretreatment QA in clinical practice.
Applications of electrochemical biosensors based on 2D materials and their hybrid composites in hematological malignancies diagnosis
Authors: Sun Caixia , Huang Hao , Wang Jiahong , Liu Wenxin , Yang Zhigang , Yu Xue-Feng
Published: December 2022

Hematological malignancies encompass a wide variety of severe diseases that pose a serious threat to human health. Given the fact that hematological malignancies are difficult to treat due to their unpredictable and rapid deterioration and high rates of recurrence, growing attention has been paid to their early screening and diagnosis. However, developing a rapid and effective diagnostic tool featuring a noninvasive sampling technique is still extremely challenging. In recent years, novel nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors have attracted great interest because of such advantages as simple operation, low cost, fast response, etc. As a kind of rising nanomaterials, two-dimensional materials have excellent electronic and chemical properties, which have been proven to improve the performance of electrochemical biosensors. This review summarizes the applications of different types of electrochemical biosensors (nucleic acid sensors, immunosensors, aptamer biosensors, and cytosensors) based on two-dimensional materials in the detection of biological molecules related to hematological malignancies. Two-dimensional materials-based electrochemical biosensors designed for the diagnosis of leukemia could rapidly detect the target biomolecules at a trace level and show great merits such as wide linear range, low detection limit, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and cost-effectiveness. In addition, these biosensors have also achieved satisfactory results in the diagnosis of lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Thus, two-dimensional materials-based electrochemical biosensors are attractive for the early diagnosis of hematological malignancies in clinical practice. Nevertheless, more efforts are still required to further improve the performance of electrochemical biosensors. In this review, we propose the possible main concerns in the design of future two-dimensional materials-based electrochemical biosensors, involving the development of sensors for synchronous detection of diverse target biomolecules, the exploration of other superior two-dimensional materials, the simplification of the sensors fabrication process, the construction of new hybrid structures and how to avoid possible environmental issues.
Anterior Pathway for Epicardial Left Atrial Appendage Clip Occlusion During Minimally Invasive Atrioventricular Valve Surgery
Authors: Vondran Maximilian , Rose Frank , Treede Hendrik , Liebold Andreas , Doll Nicolas , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Kaminski Alexander
Published: December 2022

The left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) by endocardial suture is sometimes inadequate and thrombogenic with uncertain electrical competence. Moreover, epicardial LAAO clip placement through the transverse sinus can be technically challenging during minimally invasive atrioventricular valve surgery. Here, we describe our new endoscopic technique via an anterior access pathway in 5 patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation using an epicardial clip device (AtriClip Pro 1 or AtriClip Pro 2, AtriCure, Mason, OH, USA) for LAAO. The LAAO was successful in all patients without residual perfusion and surgical complications. Epicardial LAAO by clip via the anterior access pathway represents a novel and feasible endoscopic technique for minimally invasive atrioventricular valve surgery.
How Littoral Slovenians Viewed the Idea of a South Slavic Unit in the Habsburg Monarchy
Authors: Ivašković Igor
Published: December 2022

The article presents the idea of a third unit in the Habsburg Monarchy prior to World War I as seen through the eyes of Slovenian liberals. The author presents the broader political context in which the concept emerged and then analyses the reactions of various political groups amid national tensions in the Balkans. Extracts of two liberal Slovenian newspapers, Edinost (Trieste) and Soča (Gorizia), are examined with respect to the key geopolitical dilemmas and interests of different stakeholders affected by the new geopolitical construct. It is argued that trialism was chiefly an attempt by Austria to curtail the power of Hungary. The majority of Slovenians and Croatians initially supported the idea because it implied their political emancipation. On the other side were the Hungarians, Italians and Serbs who saw the idea as a threat to their national interests. In terms of South Slavic relations, trialism represented a new battlefield for the Catholic and Orthodox visions of Yugoslavism. With further development of the concept, first and foremost due to Austria's ambitions to satisfy the Italians and leave Trieste and Gorizia outside of the imagined third unit, the idea introduced tension into Croatian–Slovenian relations and led to a fresh dispute in the Slovenian political sphere between liberals and conservatives. Finally, the advocates of trialism were unable to gain sufficient internal support within the Habsburg Monarchy, which thereby preserved the status quo and the dual regime until the monarchy's collapse during war.
Improving solar photovoltaic installation energy yield using bifacial modules and tracking systems: An analytical approach
Authors: Yakubu Rahimat O , Mensah Lena D , Quansah David A , Adaramola Muyiwa S
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we present the results of a simulation of a 3 MWp photovoltaic plant in Nigeria using four case study scenarios: ground-mounted fixed inclined monofacial, and bifacial photovoltaic installation, as well as monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic installations with trackers. The bifacial gains, tracker gains, and bifacial-tracker gains were calculated for each configuration. The fixed ground-mounted inclined bifacial PV system gained 12% annual average bifacial gain over a fixed ground-mounted monofacial system, while the bifacial system with a solar tracker gained 8.9% over a monofacial system with a solar tracker. A monofacial PV system with a tracker over a fixed inclined monofacial system has a tracker gain of 16%, while a bifacial PV system with a tracker over a fixed inclined bifacial system has a tracker gain of 13.2%. The monofacial system with a solar tracker outperforms a fixed inclined bifacial system by about 4%. The sensitivity analysis performed to determine the effect of system parameters such as albedo and ground clearance height on bifacial PV systems reveals that the increase in specific energy production per kilowatt-hour per year is directly proportional to the albedo of the surface area on which the bifacial PV systems are installed, and adequate ground clearance height is required between the ground and the installed bifacial PV plants.
The ethics review and the humanities and social sciences: disciplinary distinctions in ethics review processes
Authors: Carniel Jessica , Hickey Andrew , Southey Kim , Brömdal Annette , Crowley-Cyr Lynda , Eacersall Douglas , Farmer Will , Gehrmann Richard , Machin Tanya , Pillay Yosheen
Published: December 2022

Ethics review processes are frequently perceived as extending from codes and protocols rooted in biomedical disciplines. As a result, many researchers in the humanities and social sciences (HASS) find these processes to be misaligned, if not outrightly obstructive to their research. This leads some scholars to advocate against HASS participation in institutional review processes as they currently stand, or in their entirety. While ethics review processes can present a challenge to HASS researchers, these are not insurmountable and, in fact, present opportunities for ethics review boards (ERBs) to mediate their practices to better attend to the concerns of the HASS disciplines. By highlighting the potential value of the ethics review process in recognising the nuances and specificity across different forms of research, this article explores the generative possibilities of greater collaboration between HASS researchers and ERBs. Remaining cognisant of the epistemic and methodological differences that mark different disciplinary formations in turn will benefit the ethical conduct of all researchers.
Pregnancy in women with cystic fibrosis and diabetes: An audit of outcomes at two tertiary obstetric hospitals in Australia in the pre-cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator era
Authors: Davidson Sarah J , France Megan , Callaway Leonie K , Lust Karin , Chambers Daniel , Hopkins Peter , Bell Scott C , Burr Lucy , Keating Rebecca , Barrett Helen L
Published: December 2022

Background

Pregnancy in women with cystic fibrosis (CF) is becoming more common. Long-term metabolic issues such as diabetes are also becoming more common and have potentially important impacts on pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to assess the impact of diabetes on pregnancy outcomes for women with CF.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective chart audit of pregnancies to women with CF at the two tertiary obstetric hospitals in Southeast Queensland associated with CF and transplant management clinics between 2006 and 2016.

Results

A total of 38 pregnancies among 26 women were identified. Four women (five pregnancies) had cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) diagnosed prior to pregnancy, and 12 women (15 pregnancies) developed gestational diabetes (GDM) complicating pregnancy. CFRD and GDM were associated with higher rates of delivery complications, prematurity, and the need for neonatal intensive care unit admission.

Conclusion

Diabetes is common during pregnancy in women with CF and impacts pregnancy outcomes.
Efficacy and safety of high-dose esomeprazole and amoxicillin dual therapy versus bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mei Hao , Guo Yan , Zhao Jing-Tao , Yang Jun , Sun Wen-jing , Zhang De-kui , He Ping , Shi Gang , Su Na-yun , Han Ran , Lan Chun-Hui
Published: December 2022

Background:

A high-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-amoxicillin dual therapy has been investigated for treatment of patients with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection. Currently, the efficacy of this dual therapy remains inconclusive, with controversial findings from various single-center clinical trials.

Objectives:

To assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) compared with the bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) in treatment-naive patients with H. pylori infection.

Design:

A multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial.

Methods:

Three hundred and forty treatment-naïve patients with H. pylori infection were prospectively recruited from seven participating hospitals. The enrolled patients were randomized into one of two treatment groups: the HDDT group (esomeprazole, 20 mg four times daily; amoxicillin, 750 mg four times daily) and the BQT group (esomeprazole, 20 mg, twice daily; bismuth potassium citrate, 600 mg, twice daily; amoxicillin, 1 g, twice daily; metronidazole, 400 mg, four times daily). The primary outcome was eradication rate, and secondary outcomes were safety and patient compliance.

Results:

The eradication rates in the HDDT group versus the BQT group were 86.47% versus 87.06% on intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, 91.88% versus 92.50% on modified ITT (MITT) analysis, and 91.77% versus 93.04% on per-protocol (PP) analysis, with no significant differences between the two groups. The patient compliance rates in the HDDT group versus the BQT group were 97.02% versus 95.86%, and no significant difference was found between the two groups. Notably, the HDDT group exhibited significantly lower incidence in the drug-induced adverse events (AEs) compared to the BQT group (16.67% versus 47.94%).

Conclusion:

HDDT is equally efficacious in eradicating H. pylori infection and resulted in good patient compliance and safety compared with BQT. These findings provide evidence in support of HDDT as a first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.

Registration:

This clinical trial was registered at The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (trial registration number: ChiCTR2000039096).