bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CHARACTERISATION OF SEMIGROUPS WITH ONLY COUNTABLY MANY SUBDIRECT PRODUCTS WITH
$\mathbb {Z}$
Authors: CLAYTON ASHLEY , REILLY CATHERINE , RUŠKUC NIK
Published: October 2024

Let

$\mathbb {Z}$

be the additive (semi)group of integers. We prove that for a finite semigroup S the direct product

$\mathbb {Z}\times S$

contains only countably many subdirect products (up to isomorphism) if and only if S is regular. As a corollary we show that

$\mathbb {Z}\times S$

has only countably many subsemigroups (up to isomorphism) if and only if S is completely regular.
Why more and less are never adverbs
Authors: Reynolds Brett
Published: October 2024

I argue that more and less are always determinatives, contrary to the categorization in The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (CGEL), which treats them as adverbs in analytic comparatives. Evidence is presented of contrasts between more/less and much/little in various contexts, challenging CGEL’s empirical claim that such contrasts never occur in analytic comparatives. The observed distributional patterns can largely be explained by the semantics of more/-er and much without positing a category distinction: more/-er establishes a salient scale-internal reference point, while much requires such a point to already be present. Furthermore, mere distributional differences should not be relied upon for category assignment, following arguments by Payne , Huddleston & Pullum (2010). For these reasons, analyzing more and less as adverbs in any context is unnecessary and unparsimonious. The determinative analysis can account for all the relevant data. Beyond the narrow point about categorization, the paper illustrates the contributions of semantic, pragmatic, and distributional evidence in resolving category assignment.
Unvarying Indochinese idea, evolving Indochinese strategies: The Vietnamese thirty-year revolution in Laos, 1945–75
Authors: Shu Quanzhi
Published: October 2024

This article seeks to trace the evolution of North Vietnam's strategy in Laos from 1945 to 1975. I have three points to argue. First, the Vietnamese dealt with Laos on the basis of the Indochinese idea, not only during the immediate anticolonial period as scholars have argued, but also in the decades of struggle against the United States. Second, while the Indochinese idea treated North and South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia as an interconnected entity, different priorities were attached to each component; revolutionary efforts differed from country to country. Third, the Vietnamese communists were flexible in translating this idea to adapt to the changing realities over three decades, from armed to political struggles, or a combination of both at different times.
Influence of perceived harm due to substance use on the relationships between positive psychotic experiences and suicidal experiences in people with non-affective psychosis
Authors: Gooding Patricia , Harris Kamelia , Duxbury Paula , Pratt Daniel , Huggett Charlotte , Emsley Richard , Awenat Yvonne , Haddock Gillian
Published: October 2024

Background

The ways in which perceived harm due to substance use affects relationships between psychotic and suicidal experiences are poorly understood. The goal of the current study was to redress this gap by investigating the moderating effects of harm due to substance use on pathways involving positive psychotic symptoms, the perceived cognitive-emotional sequelae of those symptoms, and suicidal ideation.

Method

The design was cross-sectional. Mediation and moderated mediation pathways were tested. The predictor was severity of positive psychotic symptoms. Cognitive interpretative and emotional characteristics of both auditory hallucinations and delusions were mediators. Suicidal ideation was the outcome variable. General symptoms associated with severe mental health problems were statistically controlled for.

Results

There was evidence of an indirect pathway between positive psychotic symptom severity and suicidal ideation via cognitive interpretation and emotional characteristics of both auditory hallucinations and delusions. Harm due to drug use, but not alcohol use, moderated the indirect pathway involving delusions such that it was most prominent when harm due to drug use was at medium-to-high levels. The components of suicidal ideation that were most strongly affected by this moderated indirect pathway were active intent, passive desire, and lack of deterrents.

Conclusions

From both scientific and therapy development perspectives, it is important to understand the complex interplay between, not only the presence of auditory hallucinations and delusions, but the ensuing cognitive and emotional consequences of those experiences which, when combined with harm associated with substance use, in particular drug use, can escalate suicidal thoughts and acts.
Socioeconomic inequity in the utilization of healthcare among people with eating disorders in Australia
Authors: Ahmed Moin , Maguire Sarah , Dann Kelly M. , Scheneuer Francisco , Kim Marcellinus , Miskovic-Wheatley Jane , Maloney Danielle , Nassar Natasha , Cunich Michelle
Published: October 2024

Background

Little is known about socioeconomic equity in access to healthcare among people with eating disorders in Australia. This study aims to measure the extent of inequity in eating disorder-related healthcare utilization, analyze trends, and explore the sources of inequalities using New South Wales (NSW) administrative linked health data for 2005 to 2020.

Methods

Socioeconomic inequities were measured using concentration index approach, and decomposition analysis was conducted to explain the factors accounting for inequality. Healthcare utilization included: public inpatient admissions, private inpatient admissions, visits to public mental health outpatient clinics and emergency department visits, with three different measures (probability of visit, total and conditional number of visits) for each outcome.

Results

Private hospital admissions due to eating disorders were concentrated among individuals from higher socioeconomic status (SES) from 2005 to 2020. There was no significant inequity in the probability of public hospital admissions for the same period. Public outpatient visits were utilized more by people from lower SES from 2008 to 2020. Emergency department visits were equitable, but more utilized by those from lower SES in 2020.

Conclusions

Public hospital and emergency department services were equitably used by people with eating disorders in NSW, but individuals from high SES were more likely to be admitted to private hospitals for eating disorder care. Use of public hospital outpatient services was higher for those from lower SES. These findings can assist policymakers in understanding the equity of the healthcare system and developing programs to improve fairness in eating disorder-related healthcare in NSW.
Beyond IQ: executive function deficits and their relation to functional, clinical, and neuroimaging outcomes in 3q29 deletion syndrome
Authors: Pollak Rebecca M. , Sefik Esra , Aberizk Katrina , Duan Kuaikuai , Espana Roberto , Guest Ryan M. , Goldman-Yassen Adam E. , Goines Katrina , Novacek Derek M. , Saulnier Celine A. , Klaiman Cheryl , Pulver Stormi , Cubells Joseph F. , Burrell T. Lindsey , Shultz Sarah , Walker Elaine F. , Murphy Melissa M. , Mulle Jennifer G.
Published: October 2024

Background

3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del) is a rare (~1:30 000) genomic disorder associated with a wide array of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric phenotypes. Prior work by our team identified clinically significant executive function (EF) deficits in 47% of individuals with 3q29del; however, the nuances of EF in this population have not been described.

Methods

We used the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) to perform the first in-depth assessment of real-world EF in a cohort of 32 individuals with 3q29del (62.5% male, mean age = 14.5 ± 8.3 years). All participants were also evaluated with gold-standard neuropsychiatric and cognitive assessments. High-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a subset of participants (n = 24).

Results

We found global deficits in EF; individuals with 3q29del scored higher than the population mean on the BRIEF global executive composite (GEC) and all subscales. In total, 81.3% of study subjects (n = 26) scored in the clinical range on at least one BRIEF subscale. BRIEF GEC T scores were higher among 3q29del participants with a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and BRIEF GEC T scores were associated with schizophrenia spectrum symptoms as measured by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes. BRIEF GEC T scores were not associated with cognitive ability. The BRIEF-2 ADHD form accurately (sensitivity = 86.7%) classified individuals with 3q29del based on ADHD diagnosis status. BRIEF GEC T scores were correlated with cerebellar white matter and subregional cerebellar cortex volumes.

Conclusions

Together, these data expand our understanding of the phenotypic spectrum of 3q29del and identify EF as a core feature linked to both psychiatric and neuroanatomical features of the syndrome.
The Stuff of Grace
Authors: Gilby Thomas
Published: October 2024

God is too good to be used or fitted into our human schemes, and loving him above all means a complete outgoing from the frets of our creaturely condition. Nevertheless it does not follow that the workings of grace in us have to material or texture, or, if these are present, then that they hold no theological interest. Hence the title is chosen deliberately.

I suppose one of the hydras haunting the spiritual life comes from misunderstanding the all-or-nothing principle. God is recogized as the infinite good, which indeed he is, but this infinity in made both so big and individualized that it elbows out all other goods. This emphatically God does not do, otherwise when we called him creator it would be only of a shadow world. Again, it is feared that if you love things, and especially if you enjoy doing so, you dissipate what should be reserved for him alone.
Seeing adolescents grow from many angles using a multilevel approach: A tribute to the contributions of Dante Cicchetti to the field of developmental psychopathology
Authors: Klimes-Dougan Bonnie , Wiglesworth Andrea , Başgöze Zeynep , Cullen Kathryn R.
Published: October 2024

Dante Cicchetti propelled forward the field of developmental psychopathology by advancing this framework and championing new methods, including emphasizing the central role that multilevel analysis holds for explicating pathways of risk and resilience. His work continues to change the face of existing science. It has also paved the way for the formation of new projects, like the Research Domain Criteria initiative. This paper uses our laboratory’s work on multilevel approaches to studying adolescent depression, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors to shine a spotlight on Dr Cicchetti’s contributions. In addition, we review recent developments, ongoing challenges, and promising future directions within developmental psychopathology as we endeavor to carry on the tradition of growth in the field.
Psychosocial burden and quality of life of parents with children with univentricular hearts compared to ASD parents and parents of heart-healthy children
Authors: Schonath Monia , Arnold Leonie , Haas Nikolaus A. , Fischer Marcus
Published: October 2024

Background:

Patients with univentricular hearts can only be palliated by a staged surgical procedure that carries a high morbidity and mortality risk. The aim of this study was to examine the emotional demands, psychosocial burden, and quality of life of parents with children with univentricular hearts compared to parents of children with a simple heart defect, those with no heart defect and children with chronic diseases.

Methods:

An anonymous questionnaire was created to interview parents about their quality of life, stressors, needs, strategies for coping with illness, and partnership satisfaction.

Results:

73 families participated in the study. Parents of children with univentricular hearts experience a significantly higher psychosocial burden, limitations in daily life, and distress in family interactions, as well as greater emotional distress compared to the other study groups. When comparing the families of children with other chronic diseases (e.g. cystic fibrosis, chronic arthritis and diabetes), these differences remained significant.

Conclusion:

The study confirms a higher psychosocial burden, restrictions in daily life and a lower quality of life of parents with children with univentricular hearts, compared to parents of children with simple heart defects and parents of heart-healthy children or those with other chronic diseases. Since this condition persists until adolescence and adulthood, the families are exposed to special challenges and stresses throughout their lives. This has yet to be adequately addressed in the management of these families.
Implementation and analysis of clinic administered behavioural health screen in an outpatient paediatric cardiology clinic
Authors: Brosbe Micah S. , Zegelbone Phillip , Radtke Sarah , de la Uz Caridad
Published: October 2024

Previous studies investigating behavioural health screening processes have focused on selected diagnoses within paediatric cardiology and focused on a smaller number of potential concerns. We developed and administered a brief survey in our paediatric heart centre to assess the presence of a wider variety of behavioural health concerns and to connect patients with resources. A cohort of 305 patients aged 2–29 years (M = 11.97 years; SD = 6.00 years; 50.49% female), representing a variety of indications for a cardiology clinic visit, or a parent, completed a survey of 14 common behavioural health concerns. Behavioural health concerns were included based on practice patterns within paediatric psychology. Respondents indicated if they were currently receiving behavioural health services and if they were interested in behavioural health follow-up. Surveys were administered during check in and collected by clinic staff. A behavioural health provider attempted to reach all those who indicated interest by phone. Approximately 45% of the sample endorsed one or more behavioural health concerns and 30.16% of the sample endorsed at least one concern but were not already connected to services. Only 27.17% of this group requested follow-up. Most commonly endorsed concerns were anxiety, sleep problems, depressed/irritable mood, and somatic complaints. Survey results converge with existing literature to indicate that behavioural health concerns are common among youth seen in a paediatric cardiology clinic but most patients are not connected to appropriate services. Screening programmes can help meet this need but challenges remain. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Kant on Remorse, Conversion, and the Descent into the Hell of Self-Cognition
Authors: Vilhauer Benjamin
Published: October 2024

Kant’s conception of remorse has received little discussion in the literature. I argue that he thinks we ought to experience remorse for both retributivist and forward-looking reasons. This account casts helpful light on his ideas of conversion and the descent into the hell of self-cognition. But while he prescribes a heartbreakingly painful experience of remorse, he acknowledges that excess remorse can threaten rational agency through distraction and suicide, and this raises questions about whether actual human beings ought to cultivate their consciences in such a way as to experience remorse in the way he conceives it.
Classification of maize inbred lines into heterotic groups based on yield and yield attributing traits
Authors: Bhatla Anshika , Angidi Srushtideep , Thomas Noel , Madankar Kartik , Shahi J. P.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the combining ability, heterosis and heterotic grouping of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines to enhance hybrid performance and productivity. Twenty-four hybrids were developed by crossing eight inbred lines with three testers, and their performance was evaluated for two years at Banaras Hindu University's agricultural research farm. Data on yield and yield-attributing traits were collected from selectively centred competitive plants in each row, avoiding border plants to reduce errors. Biometrical techniques, cluster analysis, and statistical tools were employed to measure general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and standard heterosis, providing insights into hybrid performance. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean square values for GCA and SCA across most traits studied. Various methods were utilized, including SCA effects, HGCAMT (Heterosis Grouping by Combining Ability of Multiple Traits), and HSGCA (Heterotic Grouping based on Specific and General Combining Ability). The study identified HUZM-242 × CML-286 and HUZM-53 × CML-286 as crosses displaying higher grain yield compared to the check line DKC 7074 and exhibiting positive heterosis. The findings offer valuable guidance for maize breeding programmes by accurately identifying heterotic groups, enabling breeders to select inbred lines more likely to produce high-performing hybrids. This targeted selection reduces the number of necessary cross-breeding trials, saving time and resources. Additionally, hybrids derived from crosses between lines from different heterotic groups exhibit superior performance due to higher heterosis. These conclusions support advancements in maize breeding strategies, ultimately contributing to agricultural sustainability through increased productivity, resource efficiency, and economic benefits for farmers.
Wartime Words and World Views: Six Recent Books on Spanish American Independence
Authors: Racine Karen
Published: October 2024

It is a feature of modern nationhood that a declaration of independence is reified as a key inflection point, a specific moment in time during which a region and its people cease to be beholden to something else and begin to chart their own collective course. Independence thus represents both an end and a beginning. It is both a process and a goal. Independence is usually understood as a political act, a metaphorical coming of age, a goal achieved, and an event that brings hope. This collection of six recent books on independence in Age of Revolutions across the Atlantic world fit together to show how wartime worlds and worldviews may not fit as neatly into the textbook national story. They share an intellectual project of moving beyond the usual actors and narrative trajectories to introduce us to new perspectives on the events by looking at different regions and demographics: Austrian diplomats, British Foreign Office bureaucrats, Irish radicals, New England whalers, African traders, Chilean popular classes, Mexico City's night watchmen, and many others. These six authors tug at the standard chronology of Atlantic independence as well, pulling it back to the 1770s and extending its living impact into the 1850s. Taken together, they remind us that independence is a tricky concept, one that can look quite different depending on one's place in a broader matrix. Wars eventually end, but combative words and unreconciled worldviews collide and continue the struggle.
Traffic Bottlenecks: Predicting Atmospheric Blocking With a Diminishing Flow Capacity
Authors: Yan Xingjian , Wang Lei , Gerber Edwin P. , Castañeda Valentina , Ho Ka Ying
Published: October 2024

Atmospheric blocking is characterized by persistent anticyclones that “block” the midlatitude jet stream, causing temperature and precipitation extremes. The traffic jam theory posits that blocking events occur when the Local Wave Activity flux, a measure of storm activity, exceeds the carrying capacity of the jet stream, leading to a pile up. The theory's efficacy for prediction is tested with atmospheric reanalysis by defining “exceedance events”, the time and location where wave activity first exceeds flow capacity. The theory captures the Northern Hemisphere winter blocking climatology, with strong spatial correlation between exceedance and blocking events. Both events are favored not only by low carrying capacity (narrow roads), but also a downstream reduction in capacity (lane closures causing a bottleneck). The theory fails, however, to accurately predict blocking events in time. Exceedance events are not a useful predictor of an imminent block, suggesting that confounding factors explain their shared climatological structure.
Waves and Instabilities in Saturn's Magnetosheath: 1 Mirror Mode Waves and Their Impact on Magnetopause Reconnection
Authors: Cheng I. , Achilleos N. , Blanco‐Cano X. , Bertucci C. , Sergis N. , Paranicas C. , Guio P.
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive catalog of 1,589 Saturn magnetosheath traversals by Cassini between 2004 and 2012 was used to perform a statistical study of mirror mode (MM) waves and assess their role in influencing magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause (MP). MM waves have been observed in many planetary magnetospheres and magnetosheaths, comets and the solar wind. Understanding the conditions under which they grow and dominate can reveal their role in influencing plasma dynamics. Using a thresholding method on both magnetic field and plasma data, MM wave candidates can be identified. The magnetic field characteristics and occurrence distributions of these waves against different locations and conditions were found. MM waves were found from 4 to 19 hr local time (partly due to data coverage), and distances of 0–12 from the magnetopause (MP). The occurrence of MM dips was more frequent near the MP and magnetosheath flanks, analogous to the Jovian system. MM dips exhibited a minimum field strength saturation 0.5 nT, with the largest dip inferred to be in mirror‐stable plasma. Notably, larger amplitude MM dips were typically found nearer the MP boundary which increases across the boundary thus increasing the magnetic shear necessary for the onset of MP reconnection. Thus, MM waves may be important in plasma dynamics near Saturn's magnetopause.
The Impact of the 8–10 March 2012 Geomagnetic Storm on Inner Zone Protons as Measured by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Li Zhao , Engel Miles , Hudson Mary , Kress Brian , Patel Maulik , Selesnick Richard
Published: October 2024

The Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) instrument on the Van Allen Probes observed a double‐peaked inner zone proton population throughout the 7 year lifetime of the mission. M. Hudson et al. (2023) showed that a strong SEP event accompanied by a CME‐shock in early March 2012 provided the Solar Energetic Proton (SEP) source for the higher L trapped proton population, which then diffused radially inward to be observed by REPT at . The study followed trajectories of SEP protons launched isotropically from a sphere at 7 Re for 2.5 hr in fields calculated by the LFM‐RCM global MHD model, which includes electric fields needed to model the transport and trapping of the protons by the shock, and then a radial diffusion simulation was run for 2 years using the result from the test‐particle simulation as the initial condition. The simulation result was compared with REPT measurement in November 2013 and showed reasonable agreement. However, the simulation overestimated the Phase Space Density by a factor of four due to lack of field line curvature scattering during the storm in the model. In this study, a test‐particle simulation is performed for 2 days following the injection and trapping of protons in March 2012 using TS05 fields to simulate the field line curvature scattering of the trapped SEP due to the buildup of the ring current during the geomagnetic storm. The resulting sample distribution was then weighted using the flux at the end of the two‐hour MHD‐test particle simulation. A radial diffusion simulation is then run using the initial profile that included the loss effect, with improved comparison with REPT measurements after 2 years.
Omnidirectional Energetic Electron Fluxes From 150 to 20,000 km: An ELFIN‐Based Model
Authors: Saint‐Girons Emile , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Mourenas Didier , Artemyev Anton V. , Angelopoulos Vassilis
Published: October 2024

The strong variations of energetic electron fluxes in the Earth's inner magnetosphere are notoriously hard to forecast. Developing accurate empirical models of electron fluxes from low to high altitudes at all latitudes is therefore useful to improve our understanding of flux variations and to assess radiation hazards for spacecraft systems. In the present work, energy‐ and pitch‐angle‐resolved precipitating, trapped, and backscattered electron fluxes measured at low altitude by Electron Loss and Fields Investigation (ELFIN) CubeSats are used to infer omnidirectional fluxes at altitudes below and above the spacecraft, from 150 to 20,000 km, making use of adiabatic transport theory and quasi‐linear diffusion theory. The inferred fluxes are fitted as a function of selected parameters using a stepwise multivariate optimization procedure, providing an analytical model of omnidirectional electron flux along each geomagnetic field line, based on measurements from only one spacecraft in low Earth orbit. The modeled electron fluxes are provided as a function of ‐shell, altitude, energy, and two different indices of past substorm activity, computed over the preceding 4 hr or 3 days, potentially allowing to disentangle impulsive processes (such as rapid injections) from cumulative processes (such as inward radial diffusion and wave‐driven energization). The model is validated through comparisons with equatorial measurements from the Van Allen Probes, demonstrating the broad applicability of the present method. The model indicates that both impulsive and time‐integrated substorm activity partly control electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt and in the plasma sheet.
The Impact of Drought on Terrestrial Carbon in the West African Sahel: Implications for Natural Climate Solutions
Authors: Rigatti Emma , McDermid Sonali S. , Cook Benjamin I. , De Kauwe Martin G.
Published: October 2024

Terrestrial ecosystems store more than twice the carbon of the atmosphere, and are critical to climate change mitigation efforts. This has led to a proliferation of land‐based carbon sequestration efforts, such as re/afforestation associated with the Great Green Wall in the West African Sahel (WAS GGW). However, we currently lack comprehensive assessments of the long‐term viability of these ecosystems' carbon storage in the context of increasingly severe climate extremes. The WAS is particularly prone to recurrent and disruptive extremes, exemplified by the persistent and severe late‐20th century drought. We assessed the response and recovery of WAS GGW carbon stocks and fluxes to this late‐20th century drought, and the subsequent rainfall recovery, by leveraging a suite of terrestrial ecosystem models. While multi‐model mean carbon fluxes (e.g., gross primary production, respiration) partly recovered to pre‐drought levels, modeled total (above and below ground) ecosystem carbon stock falls to as much as two standard deviations below pre‐drought levels and does not recover even ∼20 years after the maximum drought anomaly. Furthermore, to the extent that the modeled regional carbon stock recovers, it is nearly entirely driven by atmospheric CO2 trends rather than the precipitation recovery. Uncertainties in regional ecosystem carbon simulation are high, as the models' carbon responses to drought displayed a nearly 10‐standard deviation spread. Nevertheless, the multi‐model average response highlights the strong and persistent impact of drought on terrestrial carbon storage, and the potential risks of relying on terrestrial ecosystems as a “natural climate solution” for climate change mitigation.
Improving the Skill of Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Wind Speed Forecasts Over India Using Statistical and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Das Aheli , Reddy Dondeti Pranay , Baidya Roy Somnath
Published: October 2024

This study demonstrates a framework to improve the skill of raw 10 m wind speed forecasts from numerical models at the subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) time scales. Monthly mean 10 m wind speeds from the ECMWF‐SEAS5 are calibrated using JRA‐55 as reference by employing three statistical methods, bias‐adjustment, quantile‐mapping, and ratio of predictable components (RPC), and four decision tree‐based ML methods, random forest (RF) and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), RF and LGBM with past observations that is, RF_lags and LGBM_lags respectively, for all 12 months of the year at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 months lead time over the homogenous climate zones of India. The quality and skill of raw and calibrated forecasts are evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), ratio of standard deviation, and continuous ranked probability skill score (CRPSS). The raw forecasts have large RMSE values, often >1 m/s and mostly do not have any skill. The calibrated forecasts have an RMSE of ∼0.5 m/s, CRPSS ∼0.4, and RMSE ∼0.3 m/s and CRPSS ∼0.7 from statistical and ML‐based methods respectively. The ML‐based methods therefore produce better S2S wind speed forecasts than the statistical methods. This is a timely study with broad impacts especially for the wind energy industry that requires skillful S2S forecasts for financial planning and decision‐making.
Millennial‐Scale Climate Variability Potentially Shaped the Early Interglacial Optimum in Southern Europe
Authors: Desprat Stéphanie , Guillem Gauthier , Sánchez Goñi Maria Fernanda , Rodrigues Teresa , Yin Qiuzhen , Grimalt Joan O.
Published: October 2024

The seasonal and latitudinal distribution of insolation is considered the main factor controlling the magnitude and timing of interglacial periods. However, despite small differences in insolation forcing, vegetation and hydrology in southern Europe during past interglacials are variable and the gradual change in insolation cannot explain the observed short‐lived forest optimum. Here we focus on vegetation and hydroclimatic changes at orbital‐ and suborbital‐scales in southwestern Europe during two past warm interglacial periods with reduced ice‐sheets, namely Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 9e and 5e. We provide new pollen and sea surface temperatures records for MIS 9e from IODP Site U1385. This pollen record shows a forest expansion in southern Iberia over a 14 ky interval, bracketed by the millennial‐scale cooling events of Termination IV and MIS 9d. Between 334.5 and 332.5 ka, forest expansion reached a maximum, suggesting increased winter moisture during early MIS 9e. Model‐data comparison for MIS 9e and 5e shows that insolation is the main driver of the orbital‐scale vegetation and precipitation changes in Iberia, atmospheric CO2 forcing playing a secondary role. The high‐frequency component of the MIS 9e and 5e forest timeseries highlights the early interglacial forest and precipitation maxima as prominent suborbital events lasting ∼2 ky. We propose that the primarily insolation‐driven forest and precipitation optima were fostered by the non‐equilibrium conditions generated by the millennial‐scale deglacial variability during the early interglacials. Additionally, the early end of these optima may have been favored by a cooling and drying event that is part of the persistent intra‐interglacial variability.
Lidar Network for Temperature and Wind Measurements in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region
Authors: Yang Y. , Li F. , Cheng X. , Yang G. , Lyu D. , Lin X. , Liu L. , Fang X. , Zheng J. , Du L. , Wang W. , Ren L. , Wang J. , Liang J. , Ji K. , Xu L. , Chen Z. , Ji K. , Zheng H. , Wang X. , Wang Y. , Jiao J. , Wang X. , Xue X. , Xia Y. , Li Y. , Lin Z. , Chen L. , Chen Z. , Xu J. , Li G. , Hu L. , Gong S.
Published: October 2024

A sodium lidar (light detection and range) network for the Earth's mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) temperature, wind and sodium density measurements is designed and constructed in the second phase of the Chinese Meridional Project. Five narrowband sodium lidar systems are deployed across various regions in China, designed and developed based on similar principles and structures. They adhere to uniform data processing standards and operate under the same observational protocols. This allows them to form a network of lidar systems capable of detecting temperature and wind fields in the MLT. The preliminary observation results of the lidar near Tibetan plateau is demonstrated in this paper. This lidar network offers horizontal perspectives on large scale that a single‐station lidar system can't provide. Its future observations are expected to advance the understanding of atmospheric waves by studying wave propagation, chemical‐dynamical coupling processes and the horizonal structure of in the MLT region.
Sociodemographic and dietary predictors of maternal and placental mycoestrogen concentrations in a US pregnancy cohort
Authors: Kinkade Carolyn W. , Brinker Anita , Buckley Brian , Waysack Olivia , Fernandez I. Diana , Kautz Amber , Meng Ying , Shi Huishan , Brunner Jessica , Ohman-Strickland Pamela , Groth Susan W. , O’Connor Thomas G. , Aleksunes Lauren M. , Barrett Emily S. , Rivera-Núñez Zorimar
Published: October 2024

Background

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin contaminating grains and processed foods. ZEN alters nuclear estrogen receptor α/β signaling earning its designation as a mycoestrogen. Experimental evidence demonstrates that mycoestrogen exposure during pregnancy is associated with altered maternal sex steroid hormones, changes in placental size, and decreases in fetal weight and length. While mycoestrogens have been detected in human biospecimens worldwide, exposure assessment of ZEN in US populations, particularly during pregnancy, is lacking.

Objective

To characterize urinary and placental concentrations of ZEN and its metabolites in healthy US pregnant people and examine demographic, perinatal, and dietary predictors of exposure.

Methods

Urine samples were collected in each trimester from pregnant participants in the UPSIDE study and placenta samples were collected at delivery (Rochester, NY, n = 317). We used high performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to measure total urinary (ng/ml) and placental mycoestrogens (ng/g). Using linear regression and linear mixed effect models, we examined associations between mycoestrogen concentrations and demographic, perinatal, and dietary factors (Healthy Eating Index [HEI], ultra-processed food [UPF] consumption).

Results

Mycoestrogens were detected in 97% of urines (median 0.323 ng/ml) and 84% of placentas (median 0.012 ng/g). Stability of urinary mycoestrogens across pregnancy was low (ICC: 0.16–0.22) and did not correlate with placental levels. In adjusted models, parity (multiparous) and pre-pregnancy BMI (higher) predicted higher urinary concentrations. Birth season (fall) corresponded with higher placental mycoestrogens. Dietary analyses indicated that higher HEI (healthier diets) predicted lower exposure (e.g., Σmycoestrogens %∆ −2.03; 95%CI −3.23, −0.81) and higher percent calories from UPF predicted higher exposure (e.g., Σmycoestrogens %∆ 1.26; 95%CI 0.29, 2.24).

Impact

The mycotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN), has been linked to adverse health and reproductive impacts in animal models and livestock. Despite evidence of widespread human exposure, relatively little is known about predictors of exposure. In a pregnant population, we observed that maternal ZEN concentrations varied by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and parity. Consumption of ultra-processed foods, added sugars, and refined grains were linked to higher ZEN concentrations while healthier diets were associated with lower levels. Our research suggests disparities in exposure that are likely due to diet. Further research is needed to understand the impacts of ZEN on maternal and offspring health.
Enabling data linkages for rare diseases in a resilient environment with the SERDIF framework
Authors: Navarro-Gallinad Albert , Orlandi Fabrizio , Scott Jennifer , Havyarimana Enock , Basu Neil , Little Mark A. , O’Sullivan Declan
Published: October 2024

Environmental factors amplified by climate change contribute significantly to the global burden of disease, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations, such as individuals with rare diseases. Researchers require innovative, dynamic data linkage methods to enable the development of risk prediction models, particularly for diseases like vasculitis with unknown aetiology but potential environmental triggers. In response, we present the Semantic Environmental and Rare Disease Data Integration Framework (SERDIF). SERDIF was evaluated with researchers studying climate-related health hazards of vasculitis disease activity across European countries (NP1 = 10, NP2 = 17, NP3 = 23). Usability metrics consistently improved, indicating SERDIF’s effectiveness in linking complex environmental and health datasets. Furthermore, SERDIF-enabled epidemiologists to study environmental factors in a pregnancy cohort in Lombardy, showcasing its versatility beyond rare diseases. This framework offers for the first time a user-friendly, FAIR-compliant design for environment-health data linkage with export capabilities enabling data analysis to mitigate health risks posed by climate change.
Switchable protection and exposure of a sensitive squaraine dye within a redox active rotaxane
Authors: Wasternack Janos , Schröder Hendrik V. , Witte J. Felix , Ilisson Mihkel , Hupatz Henrik , Hille Julian F. , Gaedke Marius , Valkonen Arto M. , Sobottka Sebastian , Krappe Alexander , Schubert Mario , Paulus Beate , Rissanen Kari , Sarkar Biprajit , Eigler Siegfried , Resch-Genger Ute , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: October 2024

In nature, molecular environments in proteins can sterically protect and stabilize reactive species such as organic radicals through non-covalent interactions. Here, we report a near-infrared fluorescent rotaxane in which the stabilization of a chemically labile squaraine fluorophore by the coordination of a tetralactam macrocycle can be controlled chemically and electrochemically. The rotaxane can be switched between two co-conformations in which the wheel either stabilizes or exposes the fluorophore. Coordination by the wheel affects the squaraine’s stability across four redox states and renders the radical anion significantly more stable—by a factor of 6.7—than without protection by a mechanically bonded wheel. Furthermore, the fluorescence properties can be tuned by the redox reactions in a stepwise manner. Mechanically interlocked molecules provide an excellent scaffold to stabilize and selectively expose reactive species in a co-conformational switching process controlled by external stimuli.
Coupling nanoscopic tomography and micromagnetic modelling to assess the stability of geomagnetic recorders
Authors: Donardelli Bellon Ualisson , Williams Wyn , Trindade Ricardo Ivan Ferreira , Diaz Ana , Galante Douglas
Published: October 2024

The recording of planetary magnetic fields is often attributed to uniformly-magnetised nanoscopic iron oxides, called single-domain. Yet, the main magnetic constituents of rocks are more complex, non-uniformly magnetised grains in single or multi-vortex states. We know little about their behaviour due to limitations in defining their precise shape and internal magnetic structure. Here we combine non-destructive Ptychographic X-ray Computed Nano-tomography with micromagnetic modelling to explore the magnetic stability of remanence-bearing minerals. Applied to a microscopic rock sample, we identified hundreds of nanoscopic grains of magnetite/maghemite with diverse morphologies. Energy barrier calculations were performed for these irregularly shaped grains. For some grains, these morphological irregularities near the transition from single-domain to the single-vortex state allow for multiple domain states, some unstable and unable to record the field for significant periods. Additionally, some other grains exhibit temperature-dependent occupancy probabilities, potentially hampering experiments to recover the intensity of past magnetic fields.
Rapid response of stream dissolved phosphorus concentrations to wildfire smoke
Authors: Fernandez Nicole M. , Jamison Hunter T. , Gold Zoë
Published: October 2024

Wildfires can produce large plumes of smoke that are transported across vast distances, altering nutrient cycling of undisturbed watersheds exposed downwind. To date, wildfire smoke influence on stream biogeochemical signatures remains an important knowledge gap. Here we evaluate the impacts of wildfire smoke on phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycling in a temperate watershed in the Finger Lakes Region of Central New York located downwind from record setting Canadian forest fires during the summer of 2023. Daily sampling of stream and rainwaters was conducted over the 2 month smoke period, generating a robust geochemical dataset. Stream dissolved P showed high sensitivity to smoke events, attaining concentrations 2–3 × greater than the pre-smoke period. Subsequent rain events after smoke deposition were identified as a potentially important factor in magnitude and timing of dissolved P responses. These findings demonstrate the capacity for wildfire smoke to trigger rapid, observable changes to stream P chemistry.
Colossoma macropomum, the “Tambaqui”, (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae): A Natural Heritage of the Amazon Threatened by Contamination With Organophosphorus Compounds
Authors: da Silva Hallana Cristina Menezes , Matoso Daniele Aparecida , Silva-Gomes Ana Lúcia , Artoni Roberto Ferreira
Published: October 2024

Colossoma macropomum, the “tambaqui”, (Characiformes, Serasalmidae), is the most consumed and produced native fish in the North of Brazil. Coupled with the intense aquaculture productivity, high rates of parasites are observed in the breeding tanks. To minimize this problem, fish farmers use a wide range of antiparasitic agents, among which trichlorfon stands out, an organophosphate with a high capacity for contamination in fish and humans. In this work, we describe the main consequences of the use of this chemical agent in the tambaqui population from aquaculture.
Screen printed 3D microfluidic paper-based and modifier-free electroanalytical device for clozapine sensing
Authors: Ghanbari Mohammad Hossein , Biesalski Markus , Friedrich Oliver , Etzold Bastian J. M.
Published: October 2024

Screen printing was employed for the first time to examine the effect of electrode size and arrangement on the performance of a microfluidic paper-based electroanalytical device for clozapine sensing.
Correction: Selective fluorescence detection of acetylsalicylic acid, succinic acid and ascorbic acid based on a responsive lanthanide metal fluorescent coordination polymer
Authors: Chen Guo-Ying , Luo Mao-Ling , Chen Li , Wang Jia-Li , Chai Tong-Qing , Wang Dan , Yang Feng-Qing
Published: October 2024

Correction for ‘Selective fluorescence detection of acetylsalicylic acid, succinic acid and ascorbic acid based on a responsive lanthanide metal fluorescent coordination polymer’ by Guo-Ying Chen et al., Anal. Methods, 2024, 16, 4981–4994, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ay00696h.
Supramolecular palladium complexes based on guanidinium pillar[5]arene for cancer therapy
Authors: Wen Yafei , Di Xiaojiao , Chen Zelong , Zhang Xuxu , Pei Zhichao , Pei Yuxin
Published: October 2024

A supramolecular palladium complex (G-Pd) is formed through the self-assembly of the Pd-complex obtained by the coordination of guanidinium pillar[5]arene with Pd2+, which was used to encapsulate DOX (G-Pd@DOX) for cancer therapy.
Robust and efficient reranking in crystal structure prediction: a data driven method for real-life molecules
Authors: Anelli Andrea , Dietrich Hanno , Ectors Philipp , Stowasser Frank , Bereau Tristan , Neumann Marcus , van den Ende Joost
Published: October 2024

We present a novel machine learning crystal structure prediction reranking algorithm and demonstrate its robustness across pharmaceutical molecules.
Self-assembly of Cu-glutathione nanoparticles on WO3 nanorods: amelioration of charge transfer and photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhan Er-da , Liang Zhi-yu , Wang Ying , Zhang Lin-zhu , Zhuang Guo-xin
Published: October 2024

Under visible light irradiation, the Cu GSH/WO3 photocatalyst demonstrated excellent degradation performance for organic pollutants, achieving the degradation of 99.8% of Rh B and 98.6% of TC within 60 minutes.
Complete kinetic and photochemical characterization of the multi-step photochromic reaction of donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts
Authors: Mallétroit Julien , Djian Aurélie , Nakatani Keitaro , Xie Juan , Métivier Rémi , Laurent Guillaume
Published: October 2024

Donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) are negative photochromic compounds exhibiting a multi-step photoisomerization mechanism.
Simulations of photoinduced processes with the exact factorization: state of the art and perspectives
Authors: Ibele Lea Maria , Sangiogo Gil Eduarda , Villaseco Arribas Evaristo , Agostini Federica
Published: October 2024

This perspective offers an overview of the applications of the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wavefunction in the simulations of ultrafast processes in molecules with main focus on photochemistry.
A promising high temperature 2D thermoelectric material: novel single-layer ZrHfS4
Authors: Yun Won Seok , Han Sang Wook , Lee Hyeon-Jun , Kim June-Seo , Lee Myoung-Jae
Published: October 2024

The novel 2D single-layer ZrHfS4 possesses promising applications as a thermoelectric material, particularly excelling at high temperatures.
Intramolecular interaction induced C–C cleavages in fructose conversion in polar aprotic solvents—origin of the formation of excess formic acid and oligomers
Authors: Ge Chenyu , Sun Qianxin , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhu Liangfang , Hu Changwei
Published: October 2024

Aprotic solvents with low β and π*, such as THF, DIO, and MTHF, led to the conversion of fructose to excess formic acid via the assistance of intramolecular OH groups.
Reactive oxygen species-mediated organic long-persistent luminophores light up biomedicine: from two-component separated nano-systems to integrated uni-luminophores
Authors: Li Zhe , Liu Hongwen , Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: October 2024

An overview of the recent advances in reactive oxygen species-mediated organic long-persistent luminophores, including their history, working mechanisms, design strategies, and biomedical applications.
A uranium-bridged dimeric Keggin-type polyoxometalate and its proton conductive properties
Authors: Wei Yuting , Du Weixin , Wang Haiying , Wang Xiaoyue , Shen Keqin , Xiong Minghui , Zhang Dongdi
Published: October 2024

A novel dimeric structure based on trilacunary Keggin-type [SbW9O33]9− was synthesized, featuring two additional Sb3+ cations. This compound exhibits significant proton conductivity, reaching up to 2.50 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 85 °C and 85% RH.
Interplay of intercalation dynamics and lithium plating in monolithic and architectured graphite anodes during fast charging
Authors: Mijailovic Aleksandar S. , Waag-Swift Seth , Wang Guanyi , Zhou Bingyao , Luo Mei , Lu Wenquan , Wu Qingliu , Sheldon Brian W.
Published: October 2024

Fast charging of high-capacity anodes is challenging due to lithium plating reactions, which lead to poor cycling performance and safety concerns.
Hot carrier organic solar cells
Authors: Viji Priya , Tormann Constantin , Göhler Clemens , Kemerink Martijn
Published: October 2024

Slow thermalization of photogenerated charge carriers in organic solar cells leads to an electronic temperature that is much larger than that of the lattice and to significantly enhanced open-circuit voltages.
Anti-dissolving Fe2N6 site-based carbon fiber membranes for binder-free Zn–air batteries with a 200-day lifespan
Authors: Xu Zian , Zhu Jian , Shao Jingze , Xia Yu , Liu Pengfei , Li Guangshe , Chen Rouxi , Chen Shaoqing , Wang Jiacheng , Chen Shi , Huang Fuqiang , Wang Hsing-Lin
Published: October 2024

The anti-dissolving Fe2N6 structure enables ZABs to operate over 200 days (record-breaking 14 500 cycles).