bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stretching of Dynamic Mathematical Symbols Taking Care of Similarity and Geometric Characterization
Authors: Bayar Abdelouahad , Sami Khalid
Published: August 2017

The scientific document industry has undergone an important progress in all steps especially in processing and presentation. However, it is still confronted with major obstacles when it has to manipulate documents containing mathematical formulas which are based on dynamic or variable‐sized mathematical symbols and taking care of optical scaling. Normally, in processing documents, the composition of mathematical formulas is based on static fonts. The support of dynamic mathematical symbols requires, in addition to the choice of adequate type of fonts and text formatting tools, the development of a mathematical model allowing parametrizing the symbols to support optical scaling. In this paper, we present a method to supply stretching of Bézier curves representing symbols without losing the aspect of similarity and the geometric characteristics of the concerned symbols. The curves of dynamic symbols to be parametrized are designed on the basis of a new method that allows measuring similarity. The model can be extended later for the development of dynamic fonts respecting the rules of Arabic calligraphy. The method to evaluate the similarity can also be easily adapted in other fields such as image processing.
Fault Diagnosis of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems with Triangular Form
Authors: Ding Qi , Peng Xiafu , Zhong Xunyu , Hu Xiaoqiang
Published: August 2017

A novel approach to fault diagnosis for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems with triangular form is proposed in this paper. It is based on the extended state observer (ESO) of the active disturbance rejection controller and linearization of dynamic compensation. Firstly, an ESO is designed to jointly estimate the states and the combination of uncertainty, faults, and nonlinear function of nonlinear uncertain systems. It can derive the estimation of nonlinear function via the state estimations and system model. Then, linearization of dynamic compensation is employed to linearize the system by offsetting nonlinear function mandatorily using its estimation. An observer-based residual generator is designed on the basis of the prior linearized model for fault diagnosis. Moreover, threshold treatment technique is adopted to improve the robustness of fault diagnosis. This method is utilizable and simple in construction and parameter tuning. And also we show the construction of ESO and give the corresponding convergence proof succinctly. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed fault diagnosis scheme.
Acute Hypocalcemia and Metabolic Alkalosis in Children on Cation-Exchange Resin Therapy
Authors: Kakajiwala Aadil , Barton Kevin T. , Rampolla Elisha , Breen Christine , Pradhan Madhura
Published: August 2017

Background. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is a chelating agent used for the treatment of hyperkalemia. SPS has a wide range of exchange capacity requiring close monitoring of serum electrolytes. We observed two patients who developed acute hypocalcemia and increased metabolic alkalosis after initiating SPS therapy. We report these cases to draw attention to the potential risk of this medication in pediatric patients. Case Diagnosis/Treatment. Two children with chronic kidney disease on dialysis were started on SPS for hyperkalemia. Within a week after initiation of the medication, both patients developed hypocalcemia on routine labs without overt clinical manifestations. The hypocalcemia was rapidly corrected with oral supplementation and discontinuation of SPS. Conclusions. Severe hypocalcemia can develop after SPS therapy. The metabolic alkalosis in these patients associated with the hypocalcemia put them at increased risk for complications. Hence, careful attention must be paid to the state of calcium metabolism in all patients receiving SPS. Often calcium supplementation is required to maintain normal calcium levels.
Clozapine-Induced Microseizures, Orofacial Dyskinesia, and Speech Dysfluency in an Adolescent with Treatment Resistant Early Onset Schizophrenia on Concurrent Lithium Therapy
Authors: Rachamallu Vivekananda , Haq Ayman , Song Michael M. , Aligeti Manish
Published: August 2017

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. It has a well-known side effect profile, including agranulocytosis, decreased seizure threshold, and tardive dyskinesia. In addition, numerous case reports have described clozapine-induced stuttering in adults. However, there has been only one previous case report describing it in the adolescent population. In addition, concurrent lithium therapy has been shown to enhance the neurotoxic effects of antipsychotics and lower the seizure threshold. Here, we report on the development of clozapine-induced microseizures, orofacial dyskinesia, and stuttering in a 17-year-old adolescent male with treatment of refractory early onset schizophrenia on clozapine and concurrent lithium therapy. The patient’s symptoms of schizophrenia responded well to the clozapine regimen. However, with the escalating dose of clozapine, the patient developed speech dysfluency in the form of stuttering and perioral twitching. An electroencephalogram confirmed seizure activity. Due to similarities with tardive dyskinesia, symptoms of microseizures induced by atypical antipsychotics may not be accurately diagnosed. A multidisciplinary treatment of speech dysfluency is of particular importance in the adolescent schizophrenic patients, who are expected to have longer duration of lifetime exposure to antipsychotics and in whom peer group interaction is crucial for normal personal and social development.
An Attempt to Establish a Common Animal Model for Hepatorenal Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: Limbu Manoj Hang , Lei Liu , Zhengyuan Cheng , Jing Liu , Xiaoyi Zhang , Pingsheng Chen
Published: August 2017

It is already a proven fact that there exists a relationship between CLD (chronic liver disease) and kidney disease but still there is no available combined animal model of liver and kidney fibrosis on the same animal. An animal model is one of the important research tools in the field of medical science because it is important to build a model that can simulate the disease condition so that the particular disease can be studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to build a less expensive, less time consuming, and reproducible model of hepatorenal fibrosis on rats. We administered combined intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (Carbon Tetrachloride) and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) on a female Wistar rats. At the end, the liver and kidney tissues were examined under microscope to see whether we were successful in establishing the model or not. The results show that liver fibrosis was marked but the changes on the kidneys were mild. In this study, we were able to induce significant fibrosis in the liver and early stages of fibrosis in the kidneys. The result also demonstrated that the addition of BSA conferred a liver protective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity, whereas combination of CCl4 and BSA proved to be detrimental for kidneys.
A Truncated Singular Value Decomposition Enhanced Nested Complex Source Beam Method
Authors: Song Lianning , Nie Zaiping
Published: August 2017

This work presents a novel matrix compression algorithm to improve the computational efficiency of the nested complex source beam (NCSB) method. The algorithm is based on the application of the truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) to the multilevel aggregation, translation, and disaggregation operations in NCSB. In our implementation, the aggregation/disaggregation matrices are solved by the truncated far-field matching, which is based on the directional far-field radiation property of the complex source beams (CSBs). Furthermore, the translation matrices are obtained according to the beam width of CSBs. Due to the high directivity of the radiation patterns of CSBs, all the far-field related interaction matrices are low-ranked. Therefore, TSVD can be employed and a new set of equivalent sources can be constructed by a linear combination of the original CSBs. It is proved that the radiation power of the new sources is proportional to the square of the corresponding singular values. This provides a theoretical guideline to drop the insignificant singular vectors in the calculation. In doing so, the efficiency of the original NCSB method can be much improved while a reasonably good accuracy is maintained. Several numerical tests are conducted to validate the proposed method.
Dual Targeting of Insulin Receptor and KIT in Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Chen Weicai , Kuang Ye , Qiu Hai-Bo , Cao Zhifa , Tu Yuqing , Sheng Qing , Eilers Grant , He Quan , Li Hai-Long , Zhu Meijun , Wang Yuexiang , Zhang Rongqing , Wu Yeqing , Meng Fanguo , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Ou Wen-Bin
Published: August 2017

Oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutations are compelling therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and treatment with the KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor imatinib is the standard of care for patients with metastatic GIST. Most GISTs eventually acquire imatinib resistance due to secondary mutations in the KIT kinase domain, but it is unclear whether these genomic resistance mechanisms require other cellular adaptations to create a clinically meaningful imatinib-resistant state. Using phospho-RTK and immunoblot assays, we demonstrate activation of KIT and insulin receptor (IR) in imatinib-resistant GIST cell lines (GIST430 and GIST48) and biopsies with acquisition of KIT secondary mutations, but not in imatinib-sensitive GIST cells (GIST882 and GIST-T1). Treatment with linsitinib, a specific IR inhibitor, inhibited IR and downstream intermediates AKT, MAPK, and S6 in GIST430 and GIST48, but not in GIST882, exerting minimal effect on KIT phosphorylation in these cell lines. Additive effects showing increased apoptosis, antiproliferative effects, cell-cycle arrest, and decreased pAKT and pS6 expression, tumor growth, migration, and invasiveness were observed in imatinib-resistant GIST cells with IR activation after coordinated inhibition of IR and KIT by linsitinib (or IR shRNA) and imatinib, respectively, compared with either intervention alone. IGF2 overexpression was responsible for IR activation in imatinib-resistant GIST cells, whereas IR activation did not result from IR amplification, IR mutation, or KIT phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that combinatorial inhibition of IR and KIT warrants clinical evaluation as a novel therapeutic strategy in imatinib-resistant GISTs. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5107–17. ©2017 AACR.
FBW7 Loss Promotes Chromosomal Instability and Tumorigenesis via Cyclin E1/CDK2–Mediated Phosphorylation of CENP-A
Authors: Takada Mamoru , Zhang Weiguo , Suzuki Aussie , Kuroda Taruho S. , Yu Zhouliang , Inuzuka Hiroyuki , Gao Daming , Wan Lixin , Zhuang Ming , Hu Lianxin , Zhai Bo , Fry Christopher J. , Bloom Kerry , Li Guohong , Karpen Gary H. , Wei Wenyi , Zhang Qing
Published: August 2017

The centromere regulates proper chromosome segregation, and its dysfunction is implicated in chromosomal instability (CIN). However, relatively little is known about how centromere dysfunction occurs in cancer. Here, we define the consequences of phosphorylation by cyclin E1/CDK2 on a conserved Ser18 residue of centromere-associated protein CENP-A, an essential histone H3 variant that specifies centromere identity. Ser18 hyperphosphorylation in cells occurred upon loss of FBW7, a tumor suppressor whose inactivation leads to CIN. This event on CENP-A reduced its centromeric localization, increased CIN, and promoted anchorage-independent growth and xenograft tumor formation. Overall, our results revealed a pathway that cyclin E1/CDK2 activation coupled with FBW7 loss promotes CIN and tumor progression via CENP-A–mediated centromere dysfunction. Cancer Res; 77(18); 4881–93. ©2017 AACR.
Lack of Association for Reported Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer Risk Loci in the PANDoRA Consortium
Authors: Campa Daniele , Obazee Ofure , Pastore Manuela , Panzuto Francesco , Liço Valbona , Greenhalf William , Katzke Verena , Tavano Francesca , Costello Eithne , Corbo Vincenzo , Talar-Wojnarowska Renata , Strobel Oliver , Zambon Carlo Federico , Neoptolemos John P. , Zerboni Giulia , Kaaks Rudolf , Key Timothy J. , Lombardo Carlo , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Gioffreda Domenica , Hackert Thilo , Khaw Kay-Tee , Landi Stefano , Milanetto Anna Caterina , Landoni Luca , Lawlor Rita T. , Bambi Franco , Pirozzi Felice , Basso Daniela , Pasquali Claudio , Capurso Gabriele , Canzian Federico
Published: August 2017

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are rare neoplasms for which very little is known about either environmental or genetic risk factors. Only a handful of association studies have been performed so far, suggesting a small number of risk loci.

Methods: To replicate the best findings, we have selected 16 SNPs suggested in previous studies to be relevant in PNET etiogenesis. We genotyped the selected SNPs (rs16944, rs1052536, rs1059293, rs1136410, rs1143634, rs2069762, rs2236302, rs2387632, rs3212961, rs3734299, rs3803258, rs4962081, rs7234941, rs7243091, rs12957119, and rs1800629) in 344 PNET sporadic cases and 2,721 controls in the context of the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium.

Results: After correction for multiple testing, we did not observe any statistically significant association between the SNPs and PNET risk. We also used three online bioinformatic tools (HaploReg, RegulomeDB, and GTEx) to predict a possible functional role of the SNPs, but we did not observe any clear indication.

Conclusions: None of the selected SNPs were convincingly associated with PNET risk in the PANDoRA consortium.

Impact: We can exclude a major role of the selected polymorphisms in PNET etiology, and this highlights the need for replication of epidemiologic findings in independent populations, especially in rare diseases such as PNETs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1349–51. ©2017 AACR.
Periodontal Disease and Incident Cancer Risk among Postmenopausal Women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Cohort
Authors: Nwizu Ngozi N. , Marshall James R. , Moysich Kirsten , Genco Robert J. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Mai Xiaodan , LaMonte Michael J. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Wactawski-Wende Jean
Published: August 2017

Background: Periodontal pathogens have been isolated from precancerous and cancerous lesions and also shown to promote a procarcinogenic microenvironment. Few studies have examined periodontal disease as a risk factor for total cancer, and none have focused on older women. We examined whether periodontal disease is associated with incident cancer among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Methods: Our prospective cohort study comprised 65,869 women, ages 54 to 86 years. Periodontal disease information was obtained via self-report questionnaires administered between 1999 and 2003, whereas ascertainment of cancer outcomes occurred through September 2013, with a maximum follow-up period of 15 years. Physician-adjudicated incident total cancers were the main outcomes and site-specific cancers were secondary outcomes. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. All analyses were conducted two-sided.

Results: During a mean follow-up of 8.32 years, 7,149 cancers were identified. Periodontal disease history was associated with increased total cancer risk (multivariable-adjusted HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08–1.20); findings were similar in analyses limited to 34,097 never-smokers (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04–1.22). Associations were observed for breast (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.23), lung (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14–1.51), esophagus (HR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.64–6.53), gallbladder (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.01–2.95), and melanoma skin (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02–1.48) cancers. Stomach cancer was borderline (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.94–2.67).

Conclusions: Periodontal disease increases risk of total cancer among older women, irrespective of smoking, and certain anatomic sites appear to be vulnerable.

Impact: Our findings support the need for further understanding of the effect of periodontal disease on cancer outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1255–65. ©2017 AACR.
Bap1 and Pbrm1: Determinants of Tumor Grade and mTOR Activation in VHL-Deficient Mouse Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Leung Janet Y. , Kim William Y.
Published: August 2017

Summary: Large genome sequencing efforts have identified frequent mutations in the histone-modifying and chromatin-remodeling genes BAP1 and PBRM1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Gu and colleagues model these genetic events in mice and report that dual inactivation of Vhl with either Bap1 or Pbrm1 results in faithful genetically engineered murine models of ccRCC. Moreover, their work establishes that Bap1 and Pbrm1 are determinants of tumor grade and mTORC1 activation and provocatively suggests that the cell of origin of ccRCC may lie in PAX8-expressing Bowman capsule cells. Cancer Discov; 7(8); 802–4. ©2017 AACR.

See related article by Gu et al., p. 900.
Role of NOX2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in NK Cell–Mediated Control of Murine Melanoma Metastasis
Authors: Aydin Ebru , Johansson Junko , Nazir Faisal Hayat , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Martner Anna
Published: August 2017

The NADPH oxidase of myeloid cells, NOX2, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate pathogens and malignant cells. NOX2-derived ROS have also been proposed to dampen functions of natural killer (NK) cells and other antineoplastic lymphocytes in the microenvironment of established tumors. The mechanisms by which NOX2 and ROS influence the process of distant metastasis have only been partially explored. Here, we utilized genetically NOX2-deficient mice and pharmacologic inhibition of NOX2 to elucidate the role of NOX2 for the hematogenous metastasis of melanoma cells. After intravenous inoculation of B16F1 or B16F10 cells, lung metastasis formation was reduced in B6.129S6-Cybbtm1DinK (Nox2-KO) versus Nox2-sufficient wild-type (WT) mice. Systemic treatment with the NOX2-inhibitor histamine dihydrochloride (HDC) reduced melanoma metastasis and enhanced the infiltration of IFNγ-producing NK cells into lungs of WT but not of Nox2-KO mice. IFNγ-deficient B6.129S7-Ifngtm1Ts/J mice were prone to develop melanoma metastases and did not respond to in vivo treatment with HDC. We propose that NOX2-derived ROS facilitate metastasis of melanoma cells by downmodulating NK-cell function and that inhibition of NOX2 may restore IFNγ-dependent, NK cell–mediated clearance of melanoma cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(9); 804–11. ©2017 AACR.
Geoquímica e estrutura dos ortognaisses das ilhas do Balneário Barra do Sul e de São Francisco do Sul, litoral norte do Estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Baldin Michelangelo Tissi , Barros Carlos Eduardo de Mesquita , Cury Leonardo Fadel
Published: August 2017

As rochas das ilhas do Balneário Barra do Sul afloram na porção nordeste do Estado de Santa Catarina e estão distribuídas ao longo de uma faixa alongada segundo a direção geral N15-20E. As rochas estudadas compreendem a região norte do Cinturão Dom Feliciano, situam-se a leste da Microplaca Luís Alves e são enquadradas no Complexo São Francisco do Sul (Terreno Paranaguá). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de cartografia detalhada, petrografia, geoquímica e análise estrutural. Nas ilhas dos Remédios e Feia afloram granodiorito e monzogranitomilonitizado de aspecto gnáissico. Duas fases de cisalhamento dúctil foram identificadas: a primeira associada à tectônica de cavalgamento e a segundade natureza transcorrente sinistral. Essas rochas têm assinatura cálcio-alcalina e álcali-cálcica, com termos metaluminosos a fracamente peraluminosos, semelhantes aos granitos do tipo I-Cordilheirano, gerados em arco magmático continental.
Avaliação de suscetibilidade à erosão e movimentação gravitacional de massa no Parque Estadual do Juquery, Franco da Rocha (SP)
Authors: Amorim Danilo Gonçalves de Araújo , Zaine José Eduardo , Rodrigues Flávio Henrique
Published: August 2017

A área de realização do estudo é o Parque Estadual do Juquery (PEJ), localizado no município de Franco da Rocha, Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, caracterizada por uma área de proteção de remanescente de cerrado. Essa unidade de conservação tem registrado problemas causados por processos de inundação, movimentos de massa e erosão hídrica. Baseado nesse histórico, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a suscetibilidade aos processos erosivos lineares (sulco, ravina e boçoroca) e de movimentos de massa, e fornecer subsídios ao planejamento e à gestão do meio físico da unidade. O mapeamento, realizado na escala de 1:20.000, subdividiu a área em 6 unidades geológico-geotécnicas, cujos resultados fomentaram a avaliação da suscetibilidade aos processos geológicos analisados. A avaliação de suscetibilidade considerou a possibilidade de ocorrência de processos morfodinâmicos em relação às características geológico-geotécnicas e foi realizada de forma qualitativa, adotando o método de análise gráfica, fundamentado na análise combinatória de variáveis de interesse. Para tanto, recorreu-se a técnicas de geoprocessamento, levantamentos de campo e análises gráficas. Como resultados, são apresentados os mapas de suscetibilidade aos processos erosivos e aos movimentos gravitacionais de massa. O mapa para processos erosivos aponta que 95% da área possuem moderada suscetibilidade e que 5%, alta suscetibilidade; já para processos de movimentos de massa 88% possuem baixa suscetibilidade e 12%, moderada suscetibilidade. Foram identificados dois pontos de interesse: uma boçoroca no extremo oeste e um trecho da estrada com ravinas. Conclui-se, portanto, que os processos erosivos representam o principal problema geológico-geotécnico do PEJ, visto que são decorrentes das características naturais do meio físico (geologia, geomorfologia e pedologia) e agravados pela ausência de cobertura vegetal e precariedade das estradas e trilhas.
The Proterozoic Guanhães banded iron formations, Southeastern border of the São Francisco Craton, Brazil: evidence of detrital contamination
Authors: Barrote Vitor Rodrigues , Rosiere Carlos Alberto , Rolim Vassily Khoury , Santos João Orestes Schneider , Mcnaughton Neal Jesse
Published: August 2017

The Guanhães banded iron formation (BIF) bearing succession occurs as tectonic slices, juxtaposed to Archean TTG granite-gneissic basement rock, developed during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Brasiliano collage. The succession has a maximum depositional age of ~2.18 Ga, from detrital zircons in quartzite, and consists of quartzites, schists, BIFs, gneiss and amphibolite, all metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions. The Guanhães BIF shows HREE enrichment and consistent positive Eu anomaly (PAAS-normalized REE+Y). Two types of contamination were observed in the samples. The first is contamination by an exotic detrital component, which resulted in low Y/Ho (< 30) and Pr/Yb (SN) ratios. Evidence of such contamination, combined with inferred stratigraphic stacking data, indicates that the Guanhães BIFs were deposited on a shallow marine environment. The second type of contamination resulted in higher Eu-anomalies, positive Ce-anomalies, and higher REE+Y concentrations, possibly due to the interaction between later magmatic fluids and the Guanhães BIF. A strong Cambrian event is recorded in zircon age data. The uncontaminated samples display REE+Y distribution similar to other Precambrian BIFs, particularly those from the Morro-Escuro Sequence and the Serra da Serpentina Group, without true Ce-anomalies and Y/Ho close to seawater values (45). Geochronological and geochemical data presented in this paper strongly suggest a correlation between the Guanhães supracrustal succession and the Serra da Serpentina and Serra de São José Groups.
Modelamento termal de uma auréola metamórfica em torno de uma intrusão básica hipabissal paleógena na Bacia Potiguar, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Valcácio Samir do Nascimento , Souza Zorano Sérgio de , Moreira José Antônio de Morais , Damaceno Juliana Garrido
Published: August 2017

A Bacia Potiguar possui um volume considerável de rochas básicas alcalinas. Os efeitos térmicos associados a essas rochas em bacias sedimentares podem ocasionar um tipo peculiar de metamorfismo de contato, o pirometamorfismo, capaz de fundir parcialmente as rochas encaixantes e gerar novas rochas. Este trabalho reporta o efeito térmico dessas intrusões cenozoicas, conhecidas como Magmatismo Macau, em rochas cretáceas da Bacia Potiguar, com auxílio de dados de campo, petrografia e petrofísica. Para isso, foi simulado o arrefecimento térmico por meio de modelos matemáticos no entorno do plug São João, localizado a nordeste de Pedro Avelino (estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil), correlacionando-o a mudanças mineralógicas identificadas nas rochas encaixantes. As modificações físicas e texturais mais expressivas na evolução de altas para baixas temperaturas são a fusão parcial e recristalização das rochas encaixantes, compactação e fraturamento hidráulico. O modelamento térmico indica que a auréola metamórfica pode atingir até 150 m do contato. Além disso, as associações minerais relacionadas ao metamorfismo de contato (cordierita, tridimita e espurrita, além de vidro) permitem estimar condições de temperaturas mínimas da ordem de 1.000 °C e pressões de 0,5 kbar. O modelamento térmico sugere que as mudanças mineralógicas e texturais foram efetivas com temperaturas a partir de 400 °C. O tempo de resfriamento estimado para o plug São João é de aproximadamente 10 mil anos. Tais dados são relevantes para entender o efeito do magmatismo na remobilização de hidrocarbonetos e sua influência nos sistemas petrolíferos da Bacia Potiguar.
Granulito Uyarani – uma janela estrutural Pré-Cambriana no Altiplano Boliviano: petrogênese e significado tectônico
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Rezende de , Sousa Maria Zélia Aguiar de , Ruiz Amarildo Salina , Salinas Gerardo Ramiro Matos
Published: August 2017

O embasamento pré-andino é formado por terrenos paleoproterozoicos, como o terreno Arequipa-Antofalla, e entre suas unidades destaca-se o Granulito Uyarani, parcialmente recoberto por sedimentos quaternários e por um ignimbrito pliocênico. Neste trabalho, o Granulito Uyarani é caracterizado como granulito félsico que apresenta enclaves máficos de granulito máfico, que tiveram como protólitos, respectivamente, sienogranitos, granodioritos e quartzo monzodioritos, enquanto o protólito do enclave tem composição gabroica. A análise estrutural demonstra seu caráter polideformado, com três fases de deformação (F1, F2 e F3) e tectônica rúptil marcada por fraturas e falhas na F3. A fase F1 é ligada ao metamorfismo M1, que alcançou condições de fácies granulito para o Granulito Uyarani, já na fase F2 ocorre o M2, responsável por um retrometamorfismo para fácies xisto verde. A litoquímica do granulito félsico revela que o protólito foi gerado por magmatismo cálcio-alcalino, metaluminoso a peraluminoso, magnesiano; já os enclaves de granulito máfico mostram a existência de um magma básico associado, em ambiente de arco magmático com ocorrência de mistura de magmas. As idades de cristalização do granulito félsico de 1.859 ± 200 Ma e 2.020 ± 130 Ma, disponíveis na literatura, obtidas, respectivamente, pelos métodos Rb/Sr, em rocha total e U/Pb (TIMS) em zircão, são contraditórias e têm erros elevados. A análise geocronológica realizada neste trabalho revelou uma idade de cristalização, U/Pb (SHRIMP) em zircão, de 1.736 ± 5.1 Ma para o granulito félsico. A idade de 1.157 ± 60 Ma, admitida até então como pico metamórfico, considerando o intercepto inferior do diagrama concórdia da análise U/Pb em zircão, também é contestável. Portanto, consideram-se, neste trabalho, as idades estabelecidas a partir dos métodos Ar/Ar em hornblenda com um platô de 982 ± 2 Ma e Sm/Nd, em isócrona mineral, de 1.008 ± 16 Ma, que indicam a atuação de um episódio termal regional, associado à evolução da Orogenia Grenvilliana-Sunsás, também nas rochas granulíticas estudadas, sugerindo sua conexão com as faixas móveis da Província Geocronológica Sunsás do SW do Cráton Amazônico.
SUMOylation Negatively Regulates Angiogenesis by Targeting Endothelial NOTCH Signaling
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , Ding Sha , Qiu Cong , Shi Yanna , Song Lin , Wang Yueyue , Wang Yuewen , Li Jinying , Wang Yiran , Sun Yi , Qin Lingfeng , Chen Jun , Simons Michael , Min Wang , Yu Luyang
Published: August 2017

Rationale:

The highly conserved NOTCH (neurogenic locus notch homolog protein) signaling pathway functions as a key cell–cell interaction mechanism controlling cell fate and tissue patterning, whereas its dysregulation is implicated in a variety of developmental disorders and cancers. The pivotal role of endothelial NOTCH in regulation of angiogenesis is widely appreciated; however, little is known about what controls its signal transduction. Our previous study indicated the potential role of post-translational SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification (SUMOylation) in vascular disorders.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SUMOylation in endothelial NOTCH signaling and angiogenesis.

Methods and Results:

Endothelial SENP1 (sentrin-specific protease 1) deletion, in newly generated endothelial
SENP1
(the major protease of the SUMO system)–deficient mice, significantly delayed retinal vascularization by maintaining prolonged NOTCH1 signaling, as confirmed in cultured endothelial cells. An in vitro SUMOylation assay and immunoprecipitation revealed that when SENP1 associated with N1ICD (NOTCH1 intracellular domain), it functions as a deSUMOylase of N1ICD SUMOylation on conserved lysines. Immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analyses and dual-luciferase assays of natural and SUMO-conjugated/nonconjugated NOTCH1 forms demonstrated that SUMO conjugation facilitated NOTCH1 cleavage. This released N1ICD from the membrane and stabilized it for translocation to the nucleus where it functions as a cotranscriptional factor. Functionally, SENP1-mediated NOTCH1 deSUMOylation was required for NOTCH signal activation in response to DLL4 (Delta-like 4) stimulation. This in turn suppressed VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor signaling and angiogenesis, as evidenced by immunoblotted signaling molecules and in vitro angiogenesis assays.

Conclusions:

These results establish reversible NOTCH1 SUMOylation as a regulatory mechanism in coordinating endothelial angiogenic signaling; SENP1 acts as a critical intrinsic mediator of this process. These findings may apply to NOTCH-regulated biological events in nonvascular tissues and provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases and tumors.
Vitamin D, Hypertension, and Ischemic Stroke in 116 655 Individuals From the General Population
Authors: Afzal Shoaib , Nordestgaard Børge G.
Published: August 2017

Observational studies indicate that low concentrations of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with high blood pressure, hypertension, and ischemic stroke. However, whether these associations are causal remain unknown. A total of 116 655 white individuals of Danish descent from the general population were genotyped for genetic variants in
DHCR7
and
CYP2R1
affecting plasma 25(OH)D concentrations; 35 517 had plasma 25(OH)D measurements. Primary outcomes were blood pressure, hypertension, and ischemic stroke. Median follow-up for incident ischemic stroke was 9.3 years (range, 1 day–33.6 years).
DHCR7/CYP2R1
allele score was as expected associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration (F=328 and
R
2
=1.0%). A genetically determined 10 nmol/L lower 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20–1.17) mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure and a 0.36 (95% CI, 0.08–0.63) mm Hg higher diastolic blood pressure with corresponding observational estimates of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.50–0.68) and 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35–0.45) mm Hg. The odds ratio for hypertension was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.97–1.08) for a genetically determined 10 nmol/L lower 25(OH)D with a corresponding observational odds ratio of 1.06 (95% CI, 1.05–1.07). The odds ratio for ischemic stroke was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.86–1.13) for a genetically determined 10 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D with a corresponding observational odds ratio of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01–1.05). Genetic and observational low 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with higher blood pressure, as well as with hypertension consistent with causal relationships. Because observational but not genetic low 25(OH)D concentration was associated with ischemic stroke, and as the CIs overlapped, we can neither support nor exclude a causal relationship.
Visit-to-Visit Office Blood Pressure Variability and Cardiovascular Outcomes in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial)
Authors: Chang Tara I. , Reboussin David M. , Chertow Glenn M. , Cheung Alfred K. , Cushman William C. , Kostis William J. , Parati Gianfranco , Raj Dominic , Riessen Erik , Shapiro Brian , Stergiou George S. , Townsend Raymond R. , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Whelton Paul K. , Whittle Jeffrey , Wright Jackson T. , Papademetriou Vasilios
Published: August 2017

Studies of visit-to-visit office blood pressure (BP) variability (OBPV) as a predictor of cardiovascular events and death in high-risk patients treated to lower BP targets are lacking. We conducted a post hoc analysis of SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial), a well-characterized cohort of participants randomized to intensive (<120 mm Hg) or standard (<140 mm Hg) systolic BP targets. We defined OBPV as the coefficient of variation of the systolic BP using measurements taken during the 3-,6-, 9-, and 12-month study visits. In our cohort of 7879 participants, older age, female sex, black race, current smoking, chronic kidney disease, and coronary disease were independent determinants of higher OBPV. Use of thiazide-type diuretics or dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers was associated with lower OBPV whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blocker use was associated with higher OBPV. There was no difference in OBPV in participants randomized to standard or intensive treatment groups. We found that OBPV had no significant associations with the composite end point of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events (n=324 primary end points; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.69, highest versus lowest quintile) nor with heart failure or stroke. The highest quintile of OBPV (versus lowest) was associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.92; confidence interval, 1.22–3.03) although the association of OBPV overall with all-cause mortality was marginal (
P
=0.07). Our results suggest that clinicians should continue to focus on office BP control rather than on OBPV unless definitive benefits of reducing OBPV are shown in prospective trials.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01206062
Managing the Health of Chosŏn Kings: Illness and Treatment in the Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat
Authors: Cha Wung Seok
Published: August 2017

TheSŭngjŏngwŏn ilgi (Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat)is one of the major chronicles of the events of the Chosŏn Dynasty (1392–1910). Although the records prior to the year 1622 are no longer extant, the remaining records from the years 1623 to 1910 meticulously recount the daily activities of the reigning Chosŏn kings, including copious information on their physical and mental status. Because the king’s health was considered as important as other official affairs in many respects, detailed records were kept of royal ailments and how court doctors treated them. This article surveys the state of Korean-language scholarship on the medical content of theDaily Recordsand presents selected translations to demonstrate how this valuable historical source can shed light on both the social history of Chosŏn medicine and the political importance of kingly health at the Chosŏn court.
Cases from Ujam’s Miscellaneous Writings (ca. 1833–56) by Chang T’ae-gyŏng
Authors: Suh Soyoung
Published: August 2017

Chang T’ae-gyŏng 張泰慶 (1809–87) recorded the details of 47 medical cases and 130 prescriptions in his medical treatiseUjam’s Miscellaneous Writings (Ujam chapchŏ愚岑雜著).1 As a scholarly physician, Chang treated people of all ages and both sexes in what is today Kwangju, South Chŏlla, the south-western province of Korea. In the hope of documenting his knowledge and experience for the benefit of later generations, Chang collated the various cases and prescriptions together with some brief associated writings, such as his own theory of acupuncture, parts of a poem that he had composed, his friend’s poem in response, an explanation of the meaning of his sobriquet ‘Ujam’ (ho號), and a ‘written prayer’ (ch’ukmun祝文) for the text. Although they were circulated locally, it appears that Chang’s cases were not officially published during his lifetime. Chang’s descriptions of his healing activities not only exemplify scholarly medicine in practice, but in them are also found his dialogic interaction with various patients and folk healers.
The Menstruating Womb
Authors: Wu Yi-Li
Published: August 2017

This paper analyses body and gender in East Asian medicine through a case study of Hŏ Chun’s 許浚Precious Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Tongŭi pogam東醫寶鑑, first ed. 1613). While Hŏ Chun’s Chinese sources classified menstrual ailments as a disease of women, Hŏ created a new nosological model that defined menstrual ailments as maladies of the ‘womb’, an internal body part found in men and women alike. I read back and forth between thePrecious Mirrorand the Chinese sources that Hŏ Chun cites to analyse the textual and intellectual processes by which he constructed his androgynous, menstruating womb. My findings engage with scholarship on the history of East Asian medical exchanges as well as with scholarship on menstruation, sex, and gender in world medicine.
True or False: Japonisme and the Historiography of Modern Design
Authors: Tornier Etienne
Published: August 2017

While most of the artistic trends of the late nineteenth century were indebted to the arts of Japan, their influence on western decorative arts – unlike painting – has only been acknowledged in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Early design historians, such as Nikolaus Pevsner (1936), hardly mentioned Japan in their works, although they recognized the importance of Christopher Dresser and the Arts & Crafts movement. Though this absence has been most commonly attributed to this authors’ involvement in contemporary design, this paper argues that their studies relied on many of their predecessors’ biased view on the artistic phenomenon. By drawing a distinction between a “good” vs. “bad” interpretation of Japanese art, their writings participated in the formation of a certain history of modern design.
مفهوم البِرّ والمنظومة الأخلاقية القرآنية: البنية والسياق
Authors: الرحمن حللي عبد
Published: August 2017

‫تتناول هذه الدراسة "البِّر" بوصفه مفهوماً أخلاقياً مركزياً في القرآن، من خلال منهج يعتمد الدراسة اللغوية والدراسة السياقية في بعديهما التاريخي والبنيوي، فتثبت مدلوله الأخلاقي الإيجابي؛ بما هو ارتقاء نحو الكمال مع استلزام معنيين مصاحبين هما: الصدق والسعة في الفعل، وذلك بعد الاستقراء والتحليل لتطور معناه في موارد ذكره في الآيات المكية والمدنية وما قدمه مختلف المفسرين من شروح لمفهوم البر. ينتهي الباحث إلى أن البرّ شأنٌ ديني مشترك بين الرسالات الدينية السابقة على الإسلام، ثم أصبح "البِّر" أساس التكاليف التي خوطب بها المؤمنون، متجاوزاً ما استقر لدى الأمم الأخرى من اهتمام بشكليات التكاليف ووسائطها دون اعتبار لجوهرها ومقاصدها، ويؤكد أن البرّ رتبة أعلى من المفهومات القرآنية الحافة به مثل التقوى والطاعة والصدق في فعل الخير. ويرى الباحث أن ما ذهب إليه عموم المفسرين—عند تحديد دلالة مفهوم البر في مجمل السياقات القرآنية—يفتقر إلى الدقة ويوقع في الغموض والخلط؛ رغم اتفاقهم على شمول مفهوم البر لكل الأفعال الإيجابية المحمودة دينيًّا وخلُقيًّا.‬
الدرس الأخلاقي للقرآن: قراءة في بعض المقاربات الحديثة
Authors: رشواني سامر
Published: August 2017

‫حفل التراث الإسلامي بما لا حصر له من الدراسات الأخلاقية التي اتخذت من القرآن مستندًا أساسيًّا لبنيانها النظري، إلا أن هذا التراث الأخلاقي بقي حتى عهد قريب متناثرًا في فروع معرفية متنوعة: كالفقه والكلام والتفسير. ولم نشهد—في الجملة—تكريسًا نظريًّا، أو تأطيرًا للرؤية الأخلاقية القرآنية إلا في العصر الحديث. وقد كانت دراسة الأستاذ محمد عبد اللّٰه دراز رائدة الدراسات القرآنية في هذا المجال (دستور الأخلاق في القرآن 1947)، وتَتَابعت بعدها دراسات عديدة قدمت إسهامات فلسفية ومنهجية رائدة: كالدراسة الفلسفية لداود رهبر (رب العدالة 1953) والتحليل اللغوي الفلسفي لتوشيهيكو إيزوتسو (المفهومات الأخلاقية الدينية في القرآن 1959) ودراسات عديدة لفضل الرحمن وجورج حوراني وآخرين. وإذْ لم تَلق هذه الجهود بعدُ حظَّها من التحليل والنقد والمراجعة، فإن هذه الدراسة ترمي إلى تقديم رصد وتقييم للتطور النظري والمنهجي لبعض المقاربات الأخلاقية للنص القرآني في العصر الحديث، عسى أن تستفتح بذلك آفاقًا للبحث والنظر الفلسفي والمنهجي في أخلاق القرآن.‬
Contributions to the knowledge of the genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae) in the Central-West region of Brazil
Authors: HASSEMER GUSTAVO
Published: August 2017

Here, I present contributions to the knowledge of the genus Plantago (Plantaginaceae) in the Central-West region of Brazil, including the first records of P. australis (more specifically: P. australis subsp. hirtella), P. commersoniana and P. napiformis in this Brazilian region, and the first records of P. major in Mato Grosso state. I also typify here the name P. hirtella, which is the basionym of P. australis subsp. hirtella, and also its heterotypic synonyms P. galeottiana, P. leptophylla, P. schiedeana and P. veratrifolia. Furthermore, I provide an identification key to the five species of Plantago recorded in the Central-West region of Brazil.
NEW COMBINATIONS IN LOMATIUM (APIACEAE, SUBFAMILY APIOIDEAE)
Authors: FEIST MARY ANN E. , SMITH JAMES F. , MANSFIELD DONALD H. , DARRACH MARK , MCNEILL RICHARD P. , DOWNIE STEPHEN R. , PLUNKETT GREGORY M. , WILSON BARBARA L.
Published: August 2017

Molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses indicate that many of the perennial endemic genera of North American Apiaceae are either polyphyletic or nested within paraphyletic groups. In light of these results, taxonomic changes are needed to ensure that ongoing efforts to prepare state, regional, and continental floristic treatments of Apiaceae reflect recent findings. Thus, six new combinations are made to accommodate the movement of five taxa from their current assignment into the genus Lomatium and the elevation of one variety of Lomatium to the level of species; Lomatium lithosolamans, Lomatium tenuissimum, Lomatium fusiformis, Lomatium linearifolium, Lomatium multifidum, and Lomatium planosum.
Anthurium idimae—a new species of Araceae from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: VALADARES RODRIGO THEÓFILO , COELHO MARCUS ALBERTO NADRUZ
Published: August 2017

Anthurium idimae is described from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, in Southeastern Brazil. During the floristic survey of Araceae family in the Atlantic Forest, we found an unknown species with an intriguing combination of intermediate characteristics among A. cleistanthum, A. truncatum, A. molle, and A. cachoeirense. We described and illustrated the new species, including a comparative analysis of characters that distinguishes it from similar species, and also provide comments about its ecology, distribution and conservation.
Urban Heat Island and Urban Dry Island in Moscow and Their Centennial Changes
Authors: Lokoshchenko Mikhail A.
Published: August 2017

The long-term dynamics of both urban heat island (UHI) and urban dry island (UDI) intensities over the city of Moscow, Russia, has been analyzed for the period from the end of the nineteenth century until recent years using data of the ground meteorological network. Besides traditional maximum heat/dry island intensity, an additional parameter—station-averaged intensity as a mean difference between the data of all urban and rural stations—has been used. The traditional maximum (mean annual) UHI intensity in Moscow was nearly 1.0°C at the end of the nineteenth century, 1.2°C one century ago, 1.5°–1.6°C both in the middle and at the end of the twentieth century, and 2.0°C in recent years. The station-averaged UHI intensity was equal to 0.7°–0.8°C in the second half of the twentieth century and increased up to 1.0°C in recent years. It is probable that stabilization of both parameters from the 1950s to the 1990s was connected with the extensive city growth at that time (mass resettlement of inhabitants from the overpopulated city center to the new urban periphery since the 1960s). The new increase of UHI intensities is the result of the new intensive city growth. The relative humidity in Moscow significantly decreased during the last 146 years (mostly because of warming), unlike water vapor pressure. The UDI is closely connected with the UHI; the absolute value (modulus) of its intensity is increasing in time from −4% at the end of the nineteenth century to −9% now. During the last two decades, the UDI as well as the UHI became much stronger than before.
Bypassing the Enemy: Distributive Politics, Credit Claiming, and Nonstate Organizations in Brazil
Authors: Bueno Natália S.
Published: August 2017

How do incumbents prevent the opposition from claiming credit for government programs? The received scholarly wisdom is that central government authorities favor copartisans in lower tiers of government to reward allies and punish opponents. Yet this depiction ignores the range of strategies available to incumbents at the center. I argue that another effective strategy is to channel resources through nonstate organizations, thus bypassing the opposition and reducing “credit hijacking.” Using a regression-discontinuity design with data from Brazil, I show that mayors from the president’s party receive more resources, but that the election of an opposition mayor induces the central government to shift resources to nonstate organizations that operate in the locality. Original survey data, fieldwork, and data on organizations’ leaders support the claim that opposition mayors do not hijack credit from government spending through nonstate organizations.
Paradigm Shifts in Gifted Education: An Examination Vis-à-Vis Its Historical Situatedness and Pedagogical Sensibilities
Authors: Lo C. Owen , Porath Marion
Published: August 2017

After nearly a century of development, gifted education has evolved into a complex educational discipline with well thought out pedagogy and research agendas. However, while the number of studies escalates, the field as a whole has been criticized for producing fragmented and piecemeal results. One of the reasons for these shortfalls is that the field has invested little in meta-theoretical aspects, such as historical perspectives and philosophical foundations. This article is a comprehensive review and analysis of the conceptual changes and paradigm shifts in gifted education. Three major paradigm shifts in gifted education were identified— demystification (i.e., giftedness as manifested wonders), identification (i.e., giftedness as measurable predictions), and transaction (i.e., effectuation of human possibilities). Presently, there is still an implicit focus on the identification paradigm despite considerable efforts to shift the focus to creating and sustaining appropriate developmental niches for all individuals. Debates in the field are highlighted to provoke discussion of future directions.