bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of geography in the complex diffusion of innovations
Authors: Lengyel Balázs , Bokányi Eszter , Di Clemente Riccardo , Kertész János , González Marta C.
Published: September 2020

The urban–rural divide is increasing in modern societies calling for geographical extensions of social influence modelling. Improved understanding of innovation diffusion across locations and through social connections can provide us with new insights into the spread of information, technological progress and economic development. In this work, we analyze the spatial adoption dynamics of iWiW, an Online Social Network (OSN) in Hungary and uncover empirical features about the spatial adoption in social networks. During its entire life cycle from 2002 to 2012, iWiW reached up to 300 million friendship ties of 3 million users. We find that the number of adopters as a function of town population follows a scaling law that reveals a strongly concentrated early adoption in large towns and a less concentrated late adoption. We also discover a strengthening distance decay of spread over the life-cycle indicating high fraction of distant diffusion in early stages but the dominance of local diffusion in late stages. The spreading process is modelled within the Bass diffusion framework that enables us to compare the differential equation version with an agent-based version of the model run on the empirical network. Although both model versions can capture the macro trend of adoption, they have limited capacity to describe the observed trends of urban scaling and distance decay. We find, however that incorporating adoption thresholds, defined by the fraction of social connections that adopt a technology before the individual adopts, improves the network model fit to the urban scaling of early adopters. Controlling for the threshold distribution enables us to eliminate the bias induced by local network structure on predicting local adoption peaks. Finally, we show that geographical features such as distance from the innovation origin and town size influence prediction of adoption peak at local scales in all model specifications.
Effects of temperature and intrinsic structural defects on mechanical properties and thermal conductivities of InSe monolayers
Authors: Pham Van-Trung , Fang Te-Hua
Published: September 2020

We conduct molecular dynamics simulations to study the mechanical and thermal properties of monolayer indium selenide (InSe) sheets. The influences of temperature, intrinsic structural defect on the tensile properties were assessed by tensile strength, fracture strain, and Young’s modulus. We found that the tensile strength, fracture strain, and Young’s modulus reduce as increasing temperature. The results also indicate that with the existence of defects, the stress is concentrated at the region around the vacancy leading to the easier destruction. Therefore, the mechanical properties were considerably decreased with intrinsic structural defects. Moreover, Young’s modulus is isotropy in both zigzag and armchair directions. The point defect almost has no influence on Young’s modulus but it strongly influences the ultimate strength and fracture strain. Besides, the effects of temperature, length size, vacancy defect on thermal conductivity (κ) of monolayer InSe sheets were also studied by using none-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The κ significantly arises as increasing the length of InSe sheets. The κ of monolayer InSe with infinite length at 300 K in armchair direction is 46.18 W/m K, while in zigzag direction is 45.87 W/m K. The difference of κ values in both directions is very small, indicating the isotropic properties in thermal conduction of this material. The κ decrease as increasing the temperature. The κ goes down with the number of atoms vacancy defect increases.
Analysis of TabZIP15 transcription factor from Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 and its function under pathogenic toxin stress
Authors: Yu Zeyang , Wang Zhiying , Zhang Yuzhou , Wang Yucheng , Liu Zhihua
Published: September 2020

The TabZIP15 gene encoding a 396 amino acid (aa) polypeptide in the fungus Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 was cloned and characterised. The protein includes a basic region motif (NR-x2-QR-x2-R) and has a pillar-like structure. The 25 basic region/leucine zipper transcription factors (TFs) identified in the T. asperellum genome were divided into YAP (14 TFs), ATF2 (5), GCN4 (2), Zip1 (2), BRLZ (1) and u1 (1) subfamilies based on conserved domains. T. asperellum was cultured in minimal media (MM) control, C-Hungry and N-Hungry medium (to simulate nutrient competition and interaction with pathogens, respectively), and differential expression analysis showed that 14 TabZIP genes (including TabZIP15) were significantly altered under both conditions; TabZIP23 responded strongly to N-Hungry media and TabZIP24 responded strongly to C-Hungry media. However, only YAP genes TabZIP15, TabZIP12 and TabZIP2 were significantly upregulated under both conditions, and expression levels of TabZIP15 were highest. T. asperellum was also cultured in the presence of five fungal pathogenic toxins, and RT-qPCR results showed that TabZIP15 was significantly upregulated in four of the five toxin stress conditions (MM + Rhizoctonia solani, MM + Fusarium oxysporum, MM + Alternaria alternata and MM + Cytospora chrysosperma).
The reliability and heritability of cortical folds and their genetic correlations across hemispheres
Authors: Pizzagalli Fabrizio , Auzias Guillaume , Yang Qifan , Mathias Samuel R. , Faskowitz Joshua , Boyd Joshua D. , Amini Armand , Rivière Denis , McMahon Katie L. , de Zubicaray Greig I. , Martin Nicholas G. , Mangin Jean-François , Glahn David C. , Blangero John , Wright Margaret J. , Thompson Paul M. , Kochunov Peter , Jahanshad Neda
Published: September 2020

Cortical folds help drive the parcellation of the human cortex into functionally specific regions. Variations in the length, depth, width, and surface area of these sulcal landmarks have been associated with disease, and may be genetically mediated. Before estimating the heritability of sulcal variation, the extent to which these metrics can be reliably extracted from in-vivo MRI must be established. Using four independent test-retest datasets, we found high reliability across the brain (intraclass correlation interquartile range: 0.65–0.85). Heritability estimates were derived for three family-based cohorts using variance components analysis and pooled (total N > 3000); the overall sulcal heritability pattern was correlated to that derived for a large population cohort (N > 9000) calculated using genomic complex trait analysis. Overall, sulcal width was the most heritable metric, and earlier forming sulci showed higher heritability. The inter-hemispheric genetic correlations were high, yet select sulci showed incomplete pleiotropy, suggesting hemisphere-specific genetic influences.
Synthesis and Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Kurniawan Darwin , Chiang Wei-Hung
Published: September 2020

Owing to their unique fluorescence properties, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), the new zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, have intrigued many research interests due to their quantum confinement and edge effects. In addition to luminescence properties, GQDs also possess some of the special properties of graphene, since their structures are mostly similar, consisting of hybridized sp2 carbon. As a result, GQDs can cover a wide variety of possible applications in many fields, including medical, sensing, light-emitting diodes, catalysis, and energy-related fields. Similarly to other nanomaterials, synthesis methods based on top–down or bottom–up approaches are available, with each having their advantages and disadvantages. In this chapter, we will summarize and discuss the current synthesis methods and applications of GQDs.
Light-emitting Transistors With Ambipolar Materials
Authors: Liu Cheng-Fang , Lai Wen-Yong
Published: September 2020

Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) can incorporate gate-modulated electrical switching functions and light-emitting characteristics in a single device, which has attracted great interest from both academia and industry. Among these, OLETs with ambipolar materials have the capability of transporting both holes and electrons depending on the applied voltages, and they commonly demonstrate higher emission efficiency than unipolar devices. The light emission zone can be adjusted in the channel by modulating the gate and source–drain voltages. Well-balanced carrier mobilities between holes and electrons are thus preferred. Meanwhile, the state of highly efficient OLETs with ambipolar materials and a plausible method to solve some problems have been demonstrated. This chapter mainly concentrates on device physics and architectures in the progression of ambipolar OLETs, including devices made from thin films, single crystals, heterojunction structures and perovskite semiconductors, for the purpose of providing a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms of ambipolar OLETs.
Elucidating the effect of precursor decomposition time on the structural and optical properties of copper(i) nitride nanocubes
Authors: Kadzutu-Sithole Rudo , Machogo-Phao Lerato F. E. , Kolokoto Tshwarela , Zimuwandeyi Memory , Gqoba Siziwe S. , Mubiayi Kalenga P. , Moloto Makwena J. , Van Wyk Juanita , Moloto Nosipho
Published: September 2020

To study the effect of time on the colloidal synthesis of Cu3N nanoparticles, copper(ii) nitrate was thermally decomposed at 260 °C for up to 60 min in octadecylamine as a stabilizing ligand.
A micro passive preconcentrator for micro gas chromatography
Authors: Zhan Changhua , Akbar Muhammad , Hower Robert , Nuñovero Nicolas , Potkay Joseph A. , Zellers Edward T.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate “zero-power” sampling at known rates for up to 24 h, high capacity, and high desorption (transfer) efficiency for downstream separation and detection.
Facile synthesis of a nanorod-like MoS2 nanostructure for sensitive electrochemical biosensing application
Authors: Hu Zhongfang , Xu Rong , Yu Suhua , Li Juan , Yang Zhanjun
Published: September 2020

A novel nanorod-like MoS2 semiconductor nanostructure was synthesized through a simple two-step method, and was then exploited as an electrode material to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx) and for use in electrochemical sensing application.
Bi-Underpotential/PtAu-bulk co-electrodeposition and subsequent Bi dissolution for the electrocatalytic oxidation and amperometric analysis of formaldehyde
Authors: Chen Yingying , Qiao Zhihui , Liu Huan , Yuan Qingqing , Xie Qingji , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: September 2020

A glassy carbon electrode after the simultaneous underpotential deposition of Bi and bulk deposition of Pt and Au, followed by the stripping of accessible Bi, shows high performance for the oxidation and amperometric analysis of formaldehyde.
Fighting corrosion with stimuli-responsive polymer conjugates
Authors: Seidi Farzad , Crespy Daniel
Published: September 2020

Macromolecules can be precisely chemically engineered to provide coatings for significantly reducing the corrosion of metals.
In situ immobilization of YVO4:Eu phosphor particles on a film of vertically oriented Y2(OH)5Cl·nH2O nanosheets
Authors: Kang Bora , Kim Hyunsub , Byeon Song-Ho
Published: September 2020

A heterostructured ‘turn-off’ film was developed using vertically oriented LYH:Eu nanosheets as a partial sacrificial layer for isolated YVO4:Eu3+ nanophosphor layers and was used for the convenient detection and removal of Cu2+ ions.
PtCl2 mediated peripheral transformation of carbatriphyrin(3.1.1) into a meso-fused β–β′ dimer and its monomer analogue
Authors: Murugavel M. , Adinarayana B. , Das Mainak , Peruncheralathan S. , Palepu Narasinga Rao , Srinivasan A.
Published: September 2020

meso-Fused β–β′ carbatriphyrin(3.1.1) dimer and its monomer analogue were achieved by a metal assisted strategy.
Organic phosphomolybdate: a high capacity cathode for potassium ion batteries
Authors: Shen Dongyang , Liu Zhaomeng , Fan Ling , Lu Bingan
Published: September 2020

This work firstly introduces tetra-n-butylammonium phosphomolybdate into potassium ion batteries as a high capacity cathode.
Toward lateral heterostructures with two-dimensional MoX2H2 (X = As, Sb)
Authors: Tan Ruishan , Lei Yanzi , Li Luyan , Shi Shuhua
Published: September 2020

Lateral heterostructures with 2D MoX2H2 enable tunable bandgap engineering and type-II band alignment.
Charge regulation of colloidal particles in aqueous solutions
Authors: Bakhshandeh Amin , Frydel Derek , Levin Yan
Published: September 2020

We study the charge regulation of colloidal particles inside aqueous electrolyte solutions.
Plasmon induced enhancement of surface optical phonon modes and magnon properties of NiO nanoparticles: Raman spectral probe
Authors: Sunny Anoop , Balasubramanian Karthikeyan
Published: September 2020

In the present work, the influence of Ag-induced plasmons on the surface optical (SO) phonon modes of NiO nanoparticles was extensively studied using room temperature Raman spectroscopy.
Thermal dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate: physico-geometrical kinetic modeling and the influence of self-generated water vapor
Authors: Iwasaki Shun , Koga Nobuyoshi
Published: September 2020

The reaction pathway and kinetics of thermal dehydration is regulated by the self-generated water vapor.
Redox potentials along the redox-active low-barrier H-bonds in electron transfer pathways
Authors: Saito Keisuke , Mandal Manoj , Ishikita Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

Local proton transfer along redox-active low-barrier H-bonds can alter the driving force or electronic coupling for electron transfer, as the redox potential values depend on the H+ position in low-barrier H-bonds.
Chemiluminescence for bioimaging and therapeutics: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Yang Mingwang , Huang Jiaguo , Fan Jiangli , Du Jianjun , Pu Kanyi , Peng Xiaojun
Published: September 2020

The current progress, design principles in bioimaging and therapeutic applications, and future perspectives of various chemiluminescent platforms are reviewed.
Composite NiCoO2/NiCo2O4 inverse opals for the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline electrolyte
Authors: Hung Pei-Sung , Chung Wei-An , Chou Shih-Cheng , Tso Kuang-Chih , Chang Chung-Kai , Wang Guang-Ren , Guo Wei-Qing , Weng Shih-Chang , Wu Pu-Wei
Published: September 2020

The inverse opals exhibit a 3D ordered macroporous framework, which provides an excessive surface area and facile mass transport. A conformal NiCoOx functional coating further renders these materials with increased reactivity in OER catalysis.
Synthesis of nickel–copper composite with controllable nanostructure through facile solvent control as positive electrode for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Lee Damin , Lee Hyun Woo , Shinde Nanasaheb M. , Yun Je Moon , Mathur Sanjay , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: September 2020

The surface characteristics of electrodes vary depending on the solvent used.
Neatly arranged mesoporous MnO2 nanotubes with oxygen vacancies for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Shen Man , Wang Yi , Zhang Yu Xin
Published: September 2020

MnO2 nanotubes with a large number of oxygen vacancies and better electrochemical performance were prepared after post-annealing.
Concentration and velocity profiles in a polymeric lithium-ion battery electrolyte
Authors: Steinrück Hans-Georg , Takacs Christopher J. , Kim Hong-Keun , Mackanic David G. , Holladay Benjamin , Cao Chuntian , Narayanan Suresh , Dufresne Eric M. , Chushkin Yuriy , Ruta Beatrice , Zontone Federico , Will Johannes , Borodin Oleg , Sinha Sunil K. , Srinivasan Venkat , Toney Michael F.
Published: September 2020

Direct measurements of concentration and velocity profiles in a polymeric lithium-ion battery electrolyte provide insights into the transference number.
Framework for evaluating the performance limits of membraneless electrolyzers
Authors: Pang Xueqi , Davis Jonathan T. , Harvey Albert D. , Esposito Daniel V.
Published: September 2020

A framework is demonstrated to explore the performance limits and investigate the trade-offs between key performance metrics for membraneless electrolyzers.
Non-catalytic oxidative depolymerization of lignin in perfluorodecalin to produce phenolic monomers
Authors: Hafezisefat Parinaz , Lindstrom Jake K. , Brown Robert C. , Qi Long
Published: September 2020

Increasing the selectivity of lignin oxidation toward phenolic monomers by enhancing oxygen mass transfer using perfluorocarbon media.
Synthesis of Sn4P3/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as highly efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Lu Lu , Guo Weiwei , Chen Chunjun , Zhu Qinggong , Ma Jun , Wu Haihong , Yang Dexin , Yang Guanying , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing
Published: September 2020

Sn4P3/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites exhibit high activity and selectivity for CO2 electroreduction to CO.
Efficient photocatalysts of a tetraphenylporphyrin/P25 hybrid for visible-light photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Gao Hongyi , Jia Mengyi , Chen Siyuan , Zhang Xiaowei , Tan Xi
Published: September 2020

A highly efficient TPP/P25 hybrid for the photoreduction of CO2 was developed and prepared via weak interactions between TPP and P25. The optimized TPP/P25 hybrid shows excellent activity for CO2 reduction. TPP loading has an important influence on the CO2 reduction performance.
A novel near-infrared xanthene-based fluorescent probe for detection of thiophenolin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Wu Yongquan , Shi Aiping , Liu Huiying , Li Yuanyan , Lun Weican , Zeng Hong , Fan Xiaolin
Published: September 2020

A novel near-infrared xanthene-based fluorescent probe for detection of thiophenol in living cells and mice.
An invocation for computational evaluation of isomerization transforms: cationic skeletal reorganizations as a case study
Authors: Schuppe Alexander W. , Liu Yannan , Newhouse Timothy R.
Published: September 2020

This review article describes how cationic rearrangement reactions can be used in natural product total synthesis as a case study for the many productive ways by which isomerization reactions are enabling for synthesis.
Leveraging orthogonal mass spectrometry based strategies for comprehensive sequencing and characterization of ribosomal antimicrobial peptide natural products
Authors: Moyer Tessa B. , Parsley Nicole C. , Sadecki Patric W. , Schug Wyatt J. , Hicks Leslie M.
Published: September 2020

Strategies to accelerate natural product peptide characterization.
Langmuir–Blodgett fabrication of large-area black phosphorus-C60 thin films and heterojunction photodetectors
Authors: Mao Jian , Ortiz Orlando , Wang Junjia , Malinge Alexandre , Badia Antonella , Kéna-Cohen Stéphane
Published: September 2020

Langmuir-Blodgett assembly is used to fabricate centimeter-scale thin films of semiconducting black phosphorus. To demonstrate the technique’s potential, the films are used as active layers in large area solution-processed photodetectors.
Quantitative mechanistic model for ultrasmall nanoparticle–protein interactions
Authors: Ferreira Rodrigo S. , Lira André L. , Sousa Alioscka A.
Published: September 2020

Rapid kinetics characterization reveals multi-step reaction mechanism in ultrasmall nanoparticle–protein interactions.
Graphene oxide sheets and quantum dots inhibit α-synuclein amyloid formation by different mechanisms
Authors: Ghaeidamini Marziyeh , Bernson David , Sasanian Nima , Kumar Ranjeet , Esbjörner Elin K.
Published: September 2020

Kinetic analysis shows that graphene oxide nanoparticles can be tuned to inhibit different mechanistic steps in α-synuclein aggregation.
Guest-induced supramolecular chirality transfer in [2]pseudorotaxanes: experimental and computational study
Authors: Wang Hui-Juan , Zhang Hao-Yang , Zhang Heng-Yi , Liu Guoxing , Dai Xianyin , Wu Huang , Liu Yu
Published: September 2020

We constructed several [2]pseudorotaxanes via chiral binaphthalene crown ethers and achiral ammonium salts, and found that the binaphthalene groups can induce new CD signals only in the [2]pseudorotaxane between the hosts and the guest with anthryl.
Study of the magnetic interface and its effect in Fe/NiFe bilayers of alternating order
Authors: Nayak Sagarika , Das Sudhansu Sekhar , Singh Braj Bhusan , Charlton Timothy R. , Kinane Christy J. , Bedanta Subhankar
Published: September 2020

We deposited Fe/NiFe bilayers using magnetron sputtering and studied their static and dynamic properties. We performed PNR measurements and investigated whether the interfacial exchange coupling is responsible for the tuning of the magnetic properties.
Quinazoline-Schiff base conjugates: in silico study and ADMET predictions as multi-target inhibitors of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) proteins
Authors: Mansour Mostafa A. , AboulMagd Asmaa M. , Abdel-Rahman Hamdy M.
Published: September 2020

Design of 2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)one-trihydroxyphenyl Schiff base conjugates as COVID-19 therapy.
Donor–acceptor duality of the transition-metal-like B2 core in core–shell-like metallo-borospherenes La3&[B2@B17]− and La3&[B2@B18]−
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Yun , Yan Miao , Wei Zhihong , Li Si-Dian
Published: September 2020

The smallest core–shell-like metallo-borospherenes C2v La3&[B2@B17]− and D3h La3&[B2@B18]− have been predicted at first-principles theory level which contain a transition-metal-like B2 core with unique donor–acceptor duality.
New titania-based photocatalysts for hydrogen production from aqueous-alcoholic solutions of methylene blue
Authors: Markovskaya Dina V. , Zhurenok Angelina V. , Kurenkova Anna Yu. , Kremneva Anna M. , Saraev Andrey A. , Zharkov Sergey M. , Kozlova Ekaterina A. , Kaichev Vasily V.
Published: September 2020

Simultaneous presence of ethanol and methylene blue was shown to provide the most efficient hydrogen production and methylene blue removal.
Prelithiated perfluoro-ionomer as an alternative binder for the state-of-the-art Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2cathode of next-generation lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Vadivel Selvamani , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: September 2020

A highly flexible and ionically conductive pre-lithiated perfluoro ionomer has been employed as a promising binder for the state-of-the-art Ni-rich (LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, NCA) cathode.
Effects of a solid electrolyte coating on the discharge kinetics of a LiCoO2 electrode: mechanism and potential applications
Authors: Charles-Blin Youn , Nemoto Kazune , Zettsu Nobuyuki , Teshima Katsuya
Published: September 2020

The application of a Li+-conductive amorphous Li2B4O7 coating on a LiCoO2 electrode enhanced its discharge kinetics by increasing the local concentration of Li+ at the surface of LiCoO2 particles.
Effect of fluorination and Li-excess on the Li migration barrier in Mn-based cathode materials
Authors: Jadidi Zinab , Chen Tina , Xiao Penghao , Urban Alexander , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: September 2020

Computational study on effect of F and Li-excess on Li migration finds fluorination has no significant detrimental effect on Li barrier.
MOF-aided topotactic transformation into nitrogen-doped porous Mo2C mesocrystals for upgrading the pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Gu Tengteng , Sa Rongjian , Zhang Linjie , Zhou Feng , Wang Ruihu , Li Xiaoju
Published: September 2020

A MOFs topotactic transformation strategy for synthesis of N-doped porous Mo2C mesocrystals on carbon fiber paper has been proposed. High crystallinity, porosity and no carbon residues make the hydrogen evolution reaction have excellent performance.
Non-doped organic light-emitting diodes based on phenanthroimidazole-triphenylamine derivatives with a low efficiency roll-off of 9% at a high luminance of 10 000 cd m−2
Authors: Du Chunya , Liu Futong , Liu Hui , He Xin , Jiang Dongyan , Feng Zijun , Gao Lei , Lu Ping
Published: September 2020

The “hot exciton” material TPPI-BZPCN is successfully achieved by fine-tuning the T1 features of acceptor. The non-doped device based on TPPI-BZPCN exhibits a maximum EQE of 3.33%, and remains 3.03% at a high luminescence of 10 000 cd m−2.
Effects of Physiological Arousal on Speech Motor Control and Speech Motor Practice in Preschool-Age Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Tumanova Victoria , Woods Carly , Wang Qiu
Published: September 2020

Purpose

We examined the effects of physiological arousal on speech motor control and speech motor practice effects in preschool-age children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS).

Method

Participants included 18 CWS (Mage= 4 years 5 months) and 18 age- and gender-matched CWNS. The participants repeated a phrase “buy bobby a puppy” interspersed with viewing pictures from the International Affective Picture System under two experimental conditions speaking after viewing pictures with (a) negative and (b) neutral valence. Participants' lip movements were tracked using Optotrak system. The spatiotemporal index and mean utterance duration were calculated to examine speech motor control and speech motor practice effects. Skin conductance level was measured during the experimental conditions to assess participants' physiological level of arousal.

Results

Preschool-age CWS demonstrated greater speech movement variability across all conditions and trials than CWNS. Furthermore, the younger participants produced more variable articulatory movements than the older participants. Participants' speech movement variability did not significantly differ between the negative and neutral experimental conditions, and the level of physiological arousal did not have a significant effect on it. There was a nonsignificant trend of decrease in speech movement variability across the repeated trials in both groups. Last, CWS and CWNS did not differ in their mean utterance duration, suggesting that their articulation rate was similar across all conditions and trials.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that, compared to preschool-age CWNS, CWS demonstrate less mature speech motor control. However, present findings do not support the hypothesis that CWS benefit less from motor practice relative to CWNS. Given that our conditions elicited similar levels of arousal in the participants, future research is needed to examine whether physiological arousal disrupts speech motor control in preschool-age children potentially contributing to disruptions of speech fluency and the development of stuttering.
Active area optimisation of film bulk acoustic resonator for improving performance parameters
Authors: Patel R. , Adhikari M.S. , Boolchandani D.
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, an active area optimisation technique to improve the performance parameters of the film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is proposed. The active area of the back trench membrane‐based FBAR is optimised to remove the spurious modes, higher harmonic modes, and to confine the acoustic signal at its central part during the resonance. The effect of thickness variation of SiO2 layer on the performance parameters was studied using finite‐element analysis (FEA) simulation. The SiO2 film, on silicon substrate, was used as the support layer and zinc oxide was used as the piezoelectric film for the resonator. The authors have successfully demonstrated the FBAR through FEA for an optimised active area of 320 × 320 µm2, series resonance frequency (f s ) 1.249 GHz, and parallel resonance frequency (f p ) 1.273 GHz with an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of 4.65%.
Fixed‐time event‐triggered consensus of second‐order multi‐agent systems with fully continuous communication free
Authors: Zhou Ding , Zhang An , Yang Pan
Published: September 2020

This study deals with fixed‐time consensus problems of second‐order multi‐agent systems with uncertain bounded disturbances. Instead of the time‐triggered control algorithm, a distributed event‐triggered control algorithm is developed in the presence of uncertain disturbance. By designing a novel threshold, a triggering function is proposed, which is fully distributed and does not require continuous communication. To tackle the chattering problem, a saturation function is defined to improve the control algorithm. Several conditions are derived and the rigorous proof is given by using Lyapunov stability theory and fixed‐time stability theory. Then, to reduce the disturbance effect, an event‐triggered control algorithm is proposed by using a disturbance observer. Finally, two simulation examples are given to verify the efficiency of the proposed control method.
Optimisation‐based algorithm for constructing first zone of distance protection for flexible power lines
Authors: Davydova Nadezhda , Shchetinin Dmitry , Hug Gabriela
Published: September 2020

The conventional first zone characteristic of distance protection is constructed mainly based on engineering experience, which limits its coverage of internal faults. The zone coverage is also adversely affected by the installation of series compensation devices with over‐voltage protection. Despite research efforts to overcome these problems, developing an algorithm for constructing an optimal first zone characteristic that encloses only all separable internal faults remains a challenging task. This study addresses this issue by presenting an optimisation‐based algorithm for constructing an adaptive optimal first zone characteristic for power lines. The algorithm takes into account different locations of the compensation devices along the line, their non‐linear protection, and the inaccuracies in measurements and considered grid model. The proposed and conventional zone construction algorithms are compared using a grid model in MATLAB Simulink. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is robust to input parameters and thus able to construct an optimal zone characteristic for a specified range of grid operating points and fault parameters. Moreover, the first zone obtained by the proposed algorithm covers substantially more internal faults than the conventional zone with optimised settings.
Stochastic economic dispatch of power system with multiple wind farms and pumped‐storage hydro stations using approximate dynamic programming
Authors: Lin Shunjiang , Fan Guansheng , Jian Ganyang , Liu Mingbo
Published: September 2020

The stochastic economic dispatch problem of power system with multiple wind farms and pumped‐storage hydro stations is formulated as a specific stochastic dynamic programming (DP) model, i.e. stochastic storage model, it is impossible to obtain an accurate solution due to the curse of dimensionality. Based on the approximate DP (ADP) method, the stochastic storage model can be transformed into a series of mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) models by describing the approximate value functions (AVFs) as convex piecewise linear functions in post‐decision states. The AVFs are first initialised using the results of the deterministic model under a forecast scenario of wind farm output and then trained by scanning stochastic sampling scenarios consecutively with the successive projective approximation routine algorithm. To obtain a near‐optimal day‐ahead dispatch scheme, the forecast scenario is substituted into the MILP models expressed by the trained AVFs and is solved forward through each time interval. The network constraints are incorporated by the while‐loop detection of critical lines. Test results on an actual provincial power system and the modified IEEE 39‐bus system, including the comparison among the ADP, DP, scenario‐based and chance‐constrained programming methods, demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm.
Sulphur and carbon isotopes towards Galactic centre clouds
Authors: Humire P. K. , Thiel V. , Henkel C. , Belloche A. , Loison J.-C. , Pillai T. , Riquelme D. , Wakelam V. , Langer N. , Hernández-Gómez A. , Mauersberger R. , Menten K. M.
Published: September 2020

Context. Measuring isotopic ratios is a sensitive technique used to obtain information on stellar nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution.

Aims. We present measurements of the carbon and sulphur abundances in the interstellar medium of the central region of our Galaxy. The selected targets are the +50 km s−1 Cloud and several line-of-sight clouds towards Sgr B2(N).

Methods. Towards the +50 km s−1 Cloud, we observed the J = 2–1 rotational transitions of 12C32S, 12C34S, 13C32S, 12C33S, and 13C34S, and the J = 3–2 transitions of 12C32S and 12C34S with the IRAM-30 m telescope, as well as the J = 6–5 transitions of 12C34S and 13C32S with the APEX 12 m telescope, all in emission. The J = 2–1 rotational transitions of 12C32S, 12C34S, 13C32S, and 13C34S were observed with ALMA in the envelope of Sgr B2(N), with those of 12C32S and 12C34S also observed in the line-of-sight clouds towards Sgr B2(N), all in absorption.

Results. In the +50 km s−1 Cloud we derive a 12C/13C isotopic ratio of 22.1−2.4+3.3, that leads, with the measured 13C32S/12C34S line intensity ratio, to a 32S/34S ratio of 16.3−2.4+3.0. We also derive the 32S/34S isotopic ratio more directly from the two isotopologues 13C32S and 13C34S, which leads to an independent 32S/34S estimation of 16.3−1.7+2.1 and 17.9 ± 5.0 for the +50 km s−1 Cloud and Sgr B2(N), respectively. We also obtain a 34S/33S ratio of 4.3 ± 0.2 in the +50 km s−1 Cloud.

Conclusions. Previous studies observed a decreasing trend in the 32S/34S isotopic ratios when approaching the Galactic centre. Our result indicates a termination of this tendency at least at a galactocentric distance of 130−30+60 pc. This is at variance with findings based on 12C/13C, 14N/15N, and 18O/17O isotope ratios, where the above-mentioned trend is observed to continue right to the central molecular zone. This can indicate a drop in the production of massive stars at the Galactic centre, in the same line as recent metallicity gradient ([Fe/H]) studies, and opens the work towards a comparison with Galactic and stellar evolution models.
Research on Influence of Soil Moisture Content of Farmland on Infiltration Model Parameters
Authors: Zheng Zhiwei , Gao Zhuozhuo
Published: September 2020

In order to study the influence of the initial moisture content on the parameters of the infiltration model using an indoor soil column test method, and the relationship between the initial moisture content and each model parameter was analyzed by using the Green-Ampt model, the Kostiakov model, and the Horton model. The results show that there is a certain relationship between the initial water content and the parameters of the infiltration model. Based on comprehensive considerations, the Kostiakov model is the best surface irrigation infiltration model, and the Kostiakov model has the best effect when the observation time is not less than 80 minutes to simulate the soil infiltration process.
Application of Data Science in China’s Sustainable Agriculture System
Authors: Liu Qiyuan
Published: September 2020

The presented article focuses on demonstrating the application of data science and its prospect in China’s agriculture system. Applying machine learning in atmospheric science, data scientists could recreate the historical data, building relationships between the available data and the relative predictors. Therefore, inputting the relative variables like climate data, wind, and pollution, scientists could forecast the incoming weather and accurately predict the future yield. Moreover, data science helps farmers detect the soil quality, seeking for feasible ways to improve it. Thus, Data science is of great practical significance to the sustainable development and stable high yield of China’s agricultural system.
Variability in Nutritional Profile and Textural Properties of Differe nt Cuts of Lamb Meat from Subei Gansu
Authors: Zhu Hong , Qiu Ju , Liang Ke-hong , Wang Jing
Published: September 2020

The nutritional profile and textural properties of Subei lamp from Gansu province, as an emerging area of high-quality lamp meat production area in northwest of China, were evaluated. Protein, lipid, amino acid, mineral content, vitamin content as well as texture character of nine different cuts from Subei lamp were determined. Significant difference was found in most nutrition components and textural traits. The protein content ranged from 7.71 to 29.50 g/100g. The lipid content ranged from 2.18 to 11.95 g/100g. Total amino acid content varied from 13.10 to 19.45 g/100g, and content of l-carnitine was between 851.48 to 2019.91 mg/kg. The K and Fe content ranged from 2797.50 to 3783.00 mg/kg and 10.73 to 20.44 mg/kg, respectively. The vitamin B2 content varied from 0.177 to 0.438 mg/100g; vitamin E content ranged from 0.201 to 0.438 mg/100g. The scope of vitamin B3 content was between 5.746 to 8.560 mg/100g, and Subei lamp was also a dietary source of folic acid, which ranged from 2.820 to 6.852 ug/100g. Short loin chop was considered as a high-quality lamp meat, as it was high in protein, vitamin E and low in lipid. Subei lamp considered are significant sources of Fe, Zn and K. Variations in nutritional profiles observed in various cuts of lamp can help the dietary assessment, and also the product’s nutritional labelling.
Structural Design of Household OLED Modular Combination Lamp
Authors: Li Ruikun , Ji Xiaoming , Wang Xupeng
Published: September 2020

With the improvement of people’s life quality, the design of household lamps is not only limited to its function and practicability, but also has a higher exploration and pursuit in the expression of “home” culture in the shape of lamps. However modern lamps and lanterns is designed seldom according to the consistent that installs a style to come to put forward integral illume plan, it is difficult to satisfy human nature greatly, individuation, bedroom style diversity, and with a unity of modularity requirements. In this paper, the new lighting technology of OLED is studied in depth. Then, the method of modular design is applied to carry out innovative design of OLED household lighting fixtures, and a concrete design example is given. It not only enriches the design style of lamps and lanterns, but also pays attention to the independent demand of users’ emotion.
The design and reconstruction of the geographical landscape is realized in the rural fragile space
Authors: Fanzhuo Ding , Jixiao Zhang
Published: September 2020

In the face of the two-way threat of the deteriorating natural environment and accelerating urbanization progress, the countryside has obvious landscape fragile characteristics, such as water and soil erosion, land desertification and industrial ruins left, some of spaces are even harder to remedy. It is of great significance and value for the planning and construction of rural areas to study the fragile space of rural landscape, identify the cause of its fragile and carry out landscape design and reconstruction.
Visual form beyond traditional media——On the expression and construction of watercolor art in digital painting
Authors: Li Shan
Published: September 2020

In the context of the development of digital image era and digital media art, watercolor art, as a traditional form of painting, will inevitably experience a subversive change and transformation of painting methods and ideas. By analyzing the artistic expression and construction process of watercolor art in digital painting, this paper finds out the aesthetic value and significance of watercolor art in digital painting, discusses the relationship between traditional watercolor painting and digital painting and the new space of watercolor development in the future.
Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Sports Engineering for Colleges and Universities in China
Authors: Gao Jianxin , Li Liya , Shu Yuan
Published: September 2020

The construction and development of sports engineering subject is based on its special subject knowledge system and structure. Based on the analysis of the research field of sports engineering, this paper analyzes and constructs the knowledge system of sports engineering from many aspects of basic theory, such as methodology, engineering application and technical system. The discipline construction of sports engineering is a process of continuous improvement from knowledge to organization. The three main factors affecting its development are discipline knowledge, discipline organization and discipline soft, hard environment. Taking these three factors as the first level indicators and combining with the characteristics of the development of sports engineering discipline in China’s universities, this study designs an indicator system for the feasibility evaluation of the construction of sports engineering discipline in universities, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the development of sports engineering discipline in China.
Study on Evacuation Speed based on Psychological panic in Railway Tunnel
Authors: Qi Li , Xiongzhi Cao , Xiaoling Xiong , Chang Yang , Xueling Liao
Published: September 2020

In order to probe the panic psychology effect on the evacuation characteristics and evacuation efficiency under an emergency such as a fire in a railway tunnel, this paper uses a combination of theoretical derivation and 3D simulation technology to study personnel evacuation, investigates the psychological panic effect coefficient of the evacuation speed under various situations such as different numbers of personnel and structural parameters in emergency rescue evacuation facilities (emergency rescue stations, emergency exits, shelters) of railway tunnels to determine the range of influence factors of crowd evacuation speed under psychological panic. Studies show that: ①Considering the effects of psychological panic factors, the speed of evacuation should increase by about 1.25 to 1.49 times, with an average of about 1.37 times; ②The panic reduction factor for the crowd evacuation time at the emergency rescue station of the railway tunnel is 0.8 ~ 1, and the panic reduction factor for the crowd evacuation time at the emergency exit and refuge is 0.75 ~ 1.05.
Research on the Influencing Factors of Brand Diffusion via Social Media
Authors: Yunan Peng , Zongshui Wang , Jian Zhang
Published: September 2020

[Purpose] The paper aims to identify the impact factors of brand diffusion via social media. It provides a theoretical reference for enterprises to choose social media and improves brand influence. [Method] First, we summarize the general path of brand diffusion through social media by studying the relevant literatures. Next, four popular social media WeChat, Weibo, Tiktok, and Taobao have been selected as research samples to analyze the different brand diffusion paths. Finally, we summarize the impact of brand diffusion on social media according to the paths. [Results] The result shows that the main factors influencing brand diffusion on social media are diffusion content, information credibility, audience participation, and diffusion path.
Wie eine zweite Haut – Amputationen Teil 2: Prothesenversorgung und erste Schritte
Authors: Brandt Hanna
Published: September 2020

Patienten nach einer Amputation am Bein zu behandeln ist nicht für jeden Therapeuten Alltag. Unsere dreiteilige Serie frischt Ihr Wissen über Theorie und Nachversorgung auf. Teil 2 befasst sich mit der Reha, der Prothesenversorgung und den ersten Schritten mit der Prothese. Das A und O: Die Prothese sollte wie eine zweite Haut am Stumpf anliegen.
„Die Methoden sind für die Praxis weniger wichtig, die Prinzipien sind entscheidend“ – Interview mit Dr. Janne Veerbeek
Authors: Huber Martin , Veerbeek Janne
Published: September 2020

Dr. Janne Veerbeek gehört zu den international renommiertesten Forscherinnen in der motorischen Neuroreha. Im Interview mit physiopraxis-Themenscout Martin Huber berichtet sie von den aktuellen Forschungstrends und erklärt, warum Behandlungsprinzipien wichtiger sind als -methoden.
Liver Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 is Associated with Steatosis
in Mice and Humans
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Xue Xing , Zhang Jingxin , Liang Shuang , Xu Chunfang , Wang Yue , Zhu Jinzhou
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims Liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is
recently identified as a regulator in energy metabolism. This study aims to 1)
investigate the role of leap2 in hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice; 2)
evaluate the association between circulating LEAP2 levels and liver fat contents
in a hospital based case-control study.

Methods The rodent experiment: western blotting and qPCR were performed
to evaluate leap2 levels, lipid metabolism pathways and insulin signaling. shRNA
was used to knockdown leap2. The clinical study: commercial ELISA kits
were used to measure circulating LEAP2 levels (validated by western blotting).
Liver fat content was estimated using MRI-derived proton density fat fraction
and FibroScan-derived controlled attenuation parameter.

Results The rodent experiment found the hepatic expression and secreted
levels of leap2 were increased in mice with diet-induced steatosis. Leap2
knockdown ameliorated steatosis via lipolytic/lipogenic pathway and
improved insulin sensitivity via IRS/AKT signaling. The clinical study
reported increased circulating levels of LEAP2 in the subjects with steatosis.
Moreover, LEAP2 correlated positively with age, body mass index, waist-to-hip
ratio, liver fat content, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, whereas inversely with
acyl-ghrelin. Furthermore, the circulating levels of LEAP2 are dependent on
liver fat content, acyl-ghrelin and fasting glucose. Lastly, circulating LEAP2
is an independent predictor of NAFLD.

Conclusions The study suggests LEAP2 is associated with hepatic
steatosis, which may involve lipolytic/lipogenic pathway and insulin
signaling.
Die Prostataarterienembolisation zur Behandlung des benignen Prostatasyndroms
Authors: Maßmann Alexander , Bücker Arno , Stöckle Michael , Niklas Christina
Published: September 2020

Die Prostataarterienembolisation (PAE) ist ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Therapie des benignen Prostatasyndroms (BPS). Die Etablierung des Verfahrens basiert im Wesentlichen auf dem minimalinvasiven Charakter und der klinisch nachweisbaren Verbesserung der Lebensqualität durch Reduktion der alltäglichen und insbesondere nächtlichen BPS-Symptomatik.
Synthesis of an Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanone-Containing Inhibitor of NF-κΒ Inducing Kinase via Catalytic C–H Activation
Authors: Crawford James J. , Liao Daohong , Kolesnikov Aleksandr , Lee Wendy , Landry Matthew L.
Published: September 2020

The synthesis of an azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanone-containing inhibitor of the nuclear factor-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is reported. The initial route to this compound was streamlined from 13 to 7 linear steps through the use of a catalytic, enantioselective C–H activation step. A procedure for lactam oxidation was identified that avoided use of peroxides on scale. These synthetic improvements allowed for the synthesis of multigram quantities of the desired NIK inhibitor for in vivo profiling.
Transition Metal and Inner Transition Metal Catalyzed Amide Derivatives Formation through Isocyanide Chemistry
Authors: Shiri Morteza , Farajinia-Lehi Noushin , Salehi Parvin , Tanbakouchian Zahra
Published: September 2020

The synthesis of amides is a substantial research area in organic chemistry because of their ubiquitous presence in natural products and bioactive molecules. The use of easily accessible isocyanides as amidoyl (carbamoyl) synthons in cross-coupling reactions using transition metal and inner transition metöal catalysts is a current trend in this area. Isocyanides, owing to their coordination ability as a ligand and inherent electronic properties for reactions with various partners, have expanded the potential application of these transformations for the preparation of novel synthetic molecules and pharmaceutical candidates. This review gives an overview of the achievements in isocyanide-based transition metal and inner transition metal catalyzed amide formation and discusses highlights of the proposed distinct mechanisms.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Arenecarboxamides

3 Synthesis of Alkanamides

4 Synthesis of Cyclic Amides

5 Formation of Alkynamides

6 Formation of Acrylamide-like Molecules

7 Formation of Ureas and Carbamates

8 Conclusion