bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Ziziphus lotus’ Activated Carbon and Evaluation of Its Adsorption Potential
Authors: Touzani Ibrahim , Fikri-Benbrahim Kawtar , Ahlafi Hammou , Ihssane Bouchaib , Boudouch Otmane
Published: April 2022

This study aims to prepare activated carbon from an interesting biomaterial, corresponding to the cores of Ziziphus lotus, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, according to a manufacturing process based on its chemical and thermal activation. These cores were chemically activated by sulfuric acid for 24 h and then carbonized at 500°C for 2 hours. The obtained activated carbon was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) on the activated carbon was evaluated, by Langmuir and Freundlich models examination, in order to explain the adsorption efficiency in a systematic and scientific way. Moreover, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models were used to identify the mechanisms of this adsorption process. The characterization results showed an important porosity (pore sizes ranging from 10 to 45 µm), a surface structure having acid groups and carboxylic functions, and a specific surface of 749.6 m2/g. Results of the MB adsorption showed that this process is very fast as more than 80% of MB is adsorbed during the first 20 minutes. In addition, increasing the contact time and temperature improves the MB removal process efficiency. Moreover, this adsorption’s kinetic modeling follows the pseudo‐second‐order model. Furthermore, data on the adsorption isotherm showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.493 mg/g and fit better with the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G0, ∆S0, and ∆H0) indicate that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. Therefore, Ziziphus lotus can be used as a low‐cost available material to prepare a high‐quality activated carbon having a promising potential in the wastewater treatment.
An Overview on Deployment Strategies for Global Quantum Key Distribution Networks
Authors: Wang Jing , Huberman Bernardo A.
Published: April 2022

We present a comprehensive literature review and comparative study on the deployment strategies of quantum key distribution (QKD) networks for global coverage. The state-of-the-art deployment strategies, including terrestrial QKD via optical fibers, free-space QKD via ground-based fixed links and ground-to-air dynamic links, and satellite QKD, are reviewed and compared in terms of channel loss, interference, distance limit, connection topology, and deployment cost. Selection criteria and deployment strategies are developed to enable a global coverage of QKD networks from intercontinental, long-haul, metro, to access networks.
Safety and Activity of PolyPEPI1018 Combined with Maintenance Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: an Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase Ib Study
Authors: Hubbard Joleen M. , Tőke Enikő R. , Moretto Roberto , Graham Rondell P. , Youssoufian Hagop , Lőrincz Orsolya , Molnár Levente , Csiszovszki Zsolt , Mitchell Jessica L. , Wessling Jaclynn , Tóth József , Cremolini Chiara
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Although chemotherapy is standard of care for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), immunotherapy has no role in microsatellite stable (MSS) mCRC, a “cold” tumor. PolyPEPI1018 is an off-the-shelf, multi-peptide vaccine derived from 7 tumor-associated antigens (TAA) frequently expressed in mCRC. This study assessed PolyPEPI1018 combined with first-line maintenance therapy in patients with MSS mCRC.

Patients and Methods:

Eleven patients with MSS mCRC received PolyPEPI1018 and Montanide ISA51VG adjuvant subcutaneously, combined with fluoropyrimidine/biologic following first-line induction with chemotherapy and a biologic (NCT03391232). In Part A of the study, 5 patients received a single dose; in Part B, 6 patients received up to three doses of PolyPEPI1018 every 12 weeks. The primary objective was safety; secondary objectives were preliminary efficacy, immunogenicity at peripheral and tumor level, and immune correlates.

Results:

PolyPEPI1018 vaccination was safe and well tolerated. No vaccine-related serious adverse event occurred. Eighty percent of patients had CD8+ T-cell responses against ≥3 TAAs. Increased density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were detected post-treatment for 3 of 4 patients’ liver biopsies, combined with increased expression of immune-related gene signatures. Three patients had objective response according to RECISTv1.1, and 2 patients qualified for curative surgery. Longer median progression-free survival for patients receiving multiple doses compared with a single dose (12.5 vs. 4.6 months; P = 0.017) suggested a dose–efficacy correlation. The host HLA genotype predicted multi-antigen–specific T-cell responses (P = 0.01) indicative of clinical outcome.

Conclusions:

PolyPEPI1018 added to maintenance chemotherapy for patients with unresectable, MSS mCRC was safe and associated with specific immune responses and antitumor activity warranting further confirmation in a randomized, controlled setting.
Nothobranchius furzeri, the Turquoise Killifish: A Model of Age-Related Osteoporosis?
Authors: Butylina Maria , Föger-Samwald Ursula , Gamsjaeger Sonja , Wahl-Figlash Katharina , Kothmayer Michael , Paschalis Eleftherios P. , Pusch Oliver , Pietschmann Peter
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a frequent age-related disease, which affects millions of people worldwide. Despite significant progress in the treatment of the disease, a high number of patients still are underdiagnosed and undertreated. Therefore, novel animal models for the investigation of the disease are necessary. Nothobranchius furzeri is the shortest-lived vertebrate (with a lifespan of 3–7 months) that can be kept in captivity. Although it is an established model for aging research, studies on bone are lacking. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize N. furzeri as a potential model for age-related osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Bone properties of aging N. furzeri were investigated in male and female fish of the Gona Re Zhou strain, which were between 8 and 20 weeks old. Micro-computed tomography (Scanco Medical µCT35) was performed to determine the bone properties of the vertebral bodies. Bone structure and remodeling were investigated by different histological staining techniques and histomorphometry. The chemical composition of fish vertebrae and intervertebral discs was analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy. Results: Osteoblasts, mono- and multinucleated osteoclasts but no osteocytes could be observed in the vertebral area of N. furzeri. Histomorphometric evaluations revealed a significant decrease of the number of osteoblasts/bone perimeter and for osteoid volume/bone volume (BV) a trend toward a decrease in old male N. furzeri. Comparing male and female fish, males showed higher BV densities and cortical thickness. The relative values of the bone volume density of 20-week-old male N. furzeri were significantly lower than 10-week-old ones. The mineral to matrix ratio increased with age in male and female fish. In the intervertebral discs, proteoglycans in relation to the organic matrix were significantly lower in older female fish. Conclusion: Our finding of a lack of osteocytes is in agreement with the fact that N. furzeri belongs to the evolutionarily advanced teleost fish. Furthermore, not only age-specific but also sex-specific differences were visible in the bone properties of N. furzeri, which can be taken into consideration for the study of gender aspects of age-related musculoskeletal diseases.
Genetically Determined Telomere Length Is Associated with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Onset
Authors: Gentiluomo Manuel , Capurso Gabriele , Morelli Luca , Ermini Stefano , Pasquali Claudio , Latiano Anna , Tavano Francesca , Greenhalf William , Milanetto Anna Caterina , Landi Stefano , Roth Susanne , Malecka-Wojciesko Ewa , Costello Eithne , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Perri Francesco , Boggi Ugo , Basso Daniela , Farinati Fabio , Kaaks Rudolf , Vanella Giuseppe , Gais Zurcher Anna-Lea J. , Archibugi Livia , Lawlor Rita T. , Canzian Federico , Campa Daniele
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Telomere length (TL) is a potential indicator of cancer predisposition; however, the multitude of techniques used to measure it causes the results to be heterogeneous and, in some cases, controversial. In the last years, several studies adopted a strategy based on TL-associated genetic variants to generate a polygenic score, often referred as teloscore, used in lieu of direct TL measurement. For pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNEN), this strategy has not been attempted yet. Methods: A teloscore was generated using 11 SNPs (NAF1-rs7675998, ZNF676-rs409627, TERC-rs10936599, CTC1-rs3027234, PXK-rs6772228, DHX35-rs6028466, OBFC1-rs9420907, ZNF208-rs8105767, ACYP2-rs11125529, TERT-rs2736100, and ZBTB46-rs755017), and 291 PanNEN cases and 1,686 controls collected by the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium were genotyped to analyse the association of the teloscore and its individual SNPs with the risk of developing PanNEN. Results: An association between genetically determined long telomeres and the risk of developing PanNEN (OR = 1.99, CI: 1.33–2.98, p = 0.0008) for highest versus median (third) quintile was observed. In addition, two novel SNPs associated with PanNEN risk were identified: ZNF676-rs409627 (ORC/C_vs_G/G = 2.27, CI: 1.58–3.27, p = 8.80 × 10−6) and TERT-rs2736100 (ORC/A_vs_C/C = 2.03, CI: 1.42–2.91, p = 1.06 × 10−4). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides for the first time a clear indication of the association between long genetically determined telomeres and increased risk of developing PanNEN.
Cultura urbana y acompañamiento psicosocioeducativo en Medellín: de pandilleros a líderes comunitarios
Authors: Fonseca Peso Janire , Navarro-Lashayas Miguel Ángel , Moro-Inchaurtieta Álvaro
Published: April 2022

(analítico)Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las trayectorias de vida de jóvenes desplazados en una comuna de Medellín. A través del acompañamiento psicosocioeducativo, especialmente brindado desde la infancia, y mediante la cultura urbana, los jóvenes evolucionan desde «el muchacho pandillero» hasta convertirse en referentes comunitarios. El trabajo de campo se realizó empleando la metodología cualitativa mediante la técnica biográfico-narrativa, recogiendo información a través de cinco entrevistas en profundidad, líneas de tiempo y observación al participante. Las conclusiones muestran a un grupo de jóvenes perdidos en contexto de barrio, cuyo cambio comienza con el acompañamiento psicosocioeducativo, que les permite movilizar sus potencialidades a través del baile y tomar el control de su vida, permitiendo que sus individualidades trasciendan y posibilitando su influencia en la comunidad.
Palabras clave: Acción comunitaria; persona desplazada; Infancia desfavorecida; ciudadanía.
A violência da (in)compreensão: notas sobre Foucault, psicanálise e a interpretação da loucura
Authors: Peters Gabriel
Published: April 2022

A partir de um diálogo com Michel Foucault, o artigo aborda os aspectos analíticos e morais do problema da “compreensibilidade” da loucura. Os aspectos analíticos envolvem saber se a loucura é compreensível ou, pelo menos, quão compreensível ela pode ser tornada a um ponto de vista exterior. Os aspectos morais dizem respeito às atitudes normativas que é legítimo assumir em face de vivências, falas e práticas “loucas”, sobretudo quando estas se mostram opacas, ao menos a um primeiro olhar, diante de esquemas “normais” de  interpretação. Entrecruzando a discussão está uma crítica – de alcance mais geral, porém também aplicável a Foucault – à tendência de certa filosofia, ciência social e psicanálise a negligenciar modalidades “apolíneas” de loucura em prol de suas formas “dionisíacas”, sejam as últimas patologizadas como “regressões” ou celebradas como subversões de dispositivos psíquicos de poder.
Relato pessoal ou primazia da estrutura? Da história oral à história estrutural como modelo para a sociologia histórica: o caso da história institucional da USP
Authors: Carlotto Maria Caramez
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo pretende analisar, sociologicamente, a historiografia sobre a Universidade de São Paulo, destacando os padrões de escrita e publicação das diferentes “histórias da USP” e mostrando como cada um deles corresponde a uma posição social distinta no interior da instituição. Contrapõe-se particularmente a história oficial, escrita desde posições privilegiadas de poder e marcada pela primazia do relato pessoal e finalista, à história dos vencidos, de cunho filosófico, marcada pela defesa do projeto “original” da USP, ancorado na Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras. Por fim, mostramos como a história estrutural, que permite realizar a operação analítica central do artigo, também corresponde a uma tradição historiográfica própria, ligada às ciências sociais, em especial à sociologia, que também tem um lugar próprio na instituição.
Vida e morte do Mito Bandeirante
Authors: Gahyva Helga da Cunha
Published: April 2022

Resena de O sangue intimorato e as nobilíssimas tradições: a construção de um símbolo paulista, o bandeirante. Cuiabá, EdUFMT, 2019, de Kátia Maria Abud.
Os incêndios de Michael Löwy
Authors: Ridenti Marcelo
Published: April 2022

Resenha de:
O cometa incandesdente – romantismo, surrealismo, subversão. São Paulo, 100/Cabeças, 2020, de Michael Löwy.
Anticapitalismo romântico e natureza – o jardim encantado. São Paulo, Unesp, 2021, de Michael Löwy.
Marx em Paris, 1871 – o caderno azul de Jenny Marx. São Paulo, Boitempo, 2021, de Michael Löwy e Olivier Besancenot .
De Kant a Machado de Assis: reflexões sobre a modernidade no Brasil
Authors: Grosmann Martin ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Sousa Ana Paula ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Estudos Avançados
Published: April 2022

A Cátedra Olavo Setubal de Arte, Cultura e Ciência foi lançada em 2016, sendo a primeira cátedra de arte e cultura da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Iniciativa do Instituto de Estudos Avançados da USP (IEA), em parceria com o Itaú Cultural, tem por objetivo fomentar reflexões interdisciplinares sobre temas acadêmicos, artístico-culturais e sociais nos âmbitos regional e global. Este livro integra a coleção de cinco volumes que trazem os conteúdos abordados no primeiro quinquênio da Cátedra. Coordenado por Sérgio Paulo Rouanet, o livro traz os resultados das conferências realizadas entre maio de 2016 e março de 2017, reunindo 31 palestrantes e conferencistas, além do catedrático. Os encontros discutiram questões como a modernidade e sua influência nas esferas econômica, política e cultural; estética; arte e universidade; o fazer artístico na contemporaneidade; a ciência e suas fronteiras; as relações entre cinema e psicanálise; Machado de Assis e sua contribuição para a literatura universal.
Significação e contexto: relações entre língua e cultura nos pontos de renda Renascença
Authors: Almeida Liliane de Souza
Published: April 2022

A Semântica, de acordo com Ferrarezi Júnior (2010), a partir da década de 1980, ganha bastante notoriedade como campo de estudo. Faz apenas algumas décadas que os estudiosos da língua têm despertado para a importância do atrelamento de tais estudos aos aspectos culturais. É nessa conjuntura que se insere a presente abordagem das escolhas lexicais de um grupo de mulheres rendeiras, especificamente da cidade de Monteiro-PB, que, ao desenvolver uma forma de artesanato intitulada renda Renascença, permite refletir, no processo de nomeação dos pontos, sobre um possível atrelamento ao contexto sociocultural em que essas mulheres vivem. Para tanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo observar de que forma essas rendeiras se apropriam do vocabulário utilizado para nomear os pontos e se elas conseguem estabelecer conexões entre esse vocabulário e o seu próprio cotidiano. A partir desse estudo, constatou-se que há relação entre o contexto das rendeiras e a nomenclatura dos pontos, evidenciada através de nomes que permeiam o seu cotidiano. Contudo, essa relação só é percebida por elas quando suscitadas reflexões a respeito.
Da nostalgia. Estudo de semântica lexical
Authors: Greimas Algirdas Julien
Published: April 2022

Lançando mão da ideia, sugerida nos escritos de Hjelmslev, de que entre os lexemas e os enunciados mais longos a diferença é antes de extensão do que de natureza, este artigo focaliza a definição de "nostalgia" nos dicionários usuais do idioma francês, descrevendo os estados e as transformações envolvidas no semantismo dessa paixão complexa, tal como se apresenta em meio às configurações passionais afins, dentro do domínio cultural em questão. Há, na nostalgia "à francesa", o definhamento gradativo de um sujeito que não pode deixar de recordar, por vezes um lugar, por vezes uma coisa, por vezes ambos – objetos de valor que perdeu no passado mas que seguem lhe atormentando a consciência presente. Marco da laboriosa conquista da dimensão tímica da narratividade e baliza reveladora dos vínculos entre o lexical, o narrativo e o discursivo, este breve estudo de Greimas ilustra, por meio de uma análise específica, alguns dos passos trilhados pela semiótica das paixões desde seus primeiros desenvolvimentos.
Kant: Esclarecimento e Educação Moral
Authors: Menezes Edmilson
Published: April 2022

O artigo procura avaliar o nexo entre Esclarecimento e educação moral em Kant a partir do seguinte pressuposto: é impossível pensar um homem esclarecido que não seja educado, também é difícil pensar alguém educado que não busque esclarecer-se, isto é, exercer livremente sua capacidade de pensar consequentemente. O círculo formado garante uma continuidade que aprimora, incessantemente, o ideal moral de humanidade.
Resenha de Vozes do Bolsa Família: Autonomia, dinheiro e cidadania, de Walquiria Leão Rego e Alessandro Pinzani
Authors: Melo Rúrion
Published: April 2022

Resenha de Vozes do Bolsa Família: Autonomia, dinheiro e cidadania, de Walquiria Leão Rego e Alessandro Pinzani (São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2013)
A construção política da identidade: um desafio feminista à distinção entre político e social
Authors: Bodziak Junior Paulo Eduardo
Published: April 2022

Se o hábito arendtiano de separar conceitos possibilitou importantes críticas à modernidade e promoveu um novo questionamento sobre o sentido da política, ele também possibilitou duras críticas ao pensamento da autora, de machista a nostálgico helênico. Compreender as distinções de modo a evitar compreensões rígidas é o exercício mais adequado para não perder as contribuições de Arendt ao debate político contemporâneo. Nesse sentido, autoras como Bonnie Honig e Hanna Pitkin lançam um desafio interessante às categorias arendtianas, extraindo delas uma possibilidade de leitura muito rica através dos conflitos de formação da identidade. Neste artigo, pretende-se mostrar como uma leitura específica, atitudinal e relacional, pode dar fôlego às distinções de Arendt, atenuando-as, porém sem fazer com que elas percam sua capacidade de traçar características próprias ao político e ao social.
O Branco no Branco: A Epifania de Eugênio de Andrade
Authors: Teixeira Claudio Alexandre Barros
Published: April 2022

Eugênio de Andrade, em livros como Ostinato rigore (1964), Obscuro domínio (1971), Matéria solar (1980) e Pequeno formato (1997), realizou um diálogo criativo com a poesia japonesa, incorporando em suas composições líricas elementos característicos do haiku como a brevidade, a concisão, a visualidade, o humor, o paradoxo, a presença de imagens da natureza, o princípio de montagem do ideograma e a busca da experiência epifânica, obtendo uma notável síntese de referências ocidentais e orientais, relidas pela ótica de sua subjetividade e mitologia pessoal.
Resistentes cá, jornalistas lá: a trajectória dos antissalazaristas no Brasil e as suas ligações com a imprensa local
Authors: Paulo Heloisa
Published: April 2022

Entre 1940 e 1964, o Brasil acolheu inúmeros opositores exilados da ditadura portuguesa. Possuindo as mais diferenciadas formações, muitos deles optaram por escrever crônicas como forma de sobreviverem em terras brasileiras. Os vínculos criados no meio jornalístico valeram-lhes o apoio de colegas de redação e de directores de jornais, como Macedo Soares e Samuel Wainer. A partir de jornais publicados no então distrito federal, Rio de Janeiro, pretendemos destacar quais as razões ideológicas e políticas que unem os dois setores, exemplificadas nos momentos da maior luta dos oposicionistas do término da Segunda Guerra às tentativas de revolta armada em 1961.
O Portugal do jornalista Olavo Bilac
Authors: Scherer Marta Eymael Garcia
Published: April 2022

Considerado um dos intelectuais brasileiros de maior destaque da virada do século XIX para o XX, Olavo Bilac manteve uma estreita relação com Portugal, país que visitou em pelo menos três ocasiões. Admirador de Eça de Queiroz, com quem dividia as páginas do jornal carioca Gazeta de Notícias, Bilac tinha contato próximo com muitos intelectuais portugueses, de que foi um interlocutor loquaz. Encontramos registros dessa relação do cronista com Portugal e com os portugueses em jornais e revistas publicados dos dois lados do Atlântico, cujos textos nos mostram que Olavo Bilac era considerado como autêntico porta-voz do jornalismo luso-brasileiro.
O conselheiro Acácio nas páginas de três jornais cariocas
Authors: Santos Giuliano Lellis Ito
Published: April 2022

O primo Basílio é um romance que possui grande entrada na cultura brasileira. Seu personagem mais típico, o Conselheiro Acácio, é um dos responsáveis pela sobrevivência do romance em nosso imaginário. Com esse cenário, buscamos entender, através de três veículos de imprensa – Jornal do Commercio, Gazeta de Notícias e O Paiz –, como se dá a figuração e a refiguração dessa personagem. A partir de um levantamento dos termos “Conselheiro Acácio” e “acaciano”, fizemos a tabulação dos dados e sua análise para mapear os usos desses termos. Assim, pudemos verificar como se deu a autonomização da personagem nesses jornais cariocas.
O primeiro diário em Portugal: O Diário Lisbonense (1809-1813)
Authors: Machado Adelaide Muralha Vieira
Published: April 2022

Este estudo pretende introduzir o, ainda não estudado, primeiro jornal diário a ser editado em Portugal. Depois de contextualizar o jornal em termos da história da imprensa e do jornalismo globais, procura-se desvendar o enquadramento face à imprensa do seu tempo, e quem foram redatores e responsáveis por esta publicação que surgiu no fim da primeira invasão francesa em Portugal. O entrosamento do jornal com a cidade a permitir um contributo cultural e político para o conhecimento da cidade de Lisboa do início do século XIX, será outro contributo deste artigo. Espera-se que suscite, de ambos os lados do Oceano, a vontade de prosseguir a investigação sobre o Diário Lisbonense.
Association of Accelerometer‐Measured Sedentary Accumulation Patterns With Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and All‐Cause Mortality
Authors: Dempsey Paddy C. , Strain Tessa , Winkler Elisabeth A. H. , Westgate Kate , Rennie Kirsten L. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Brage Soren , Wijndaele Katrien
Published: April 2022

Background

Emerging evidence suggests accruing sedentary behavior (SB) in relatively more prolonged periods may convey additional cardiometabolic risks, but few studies have examined prospective outcomes. We examined the association of SB accumulation patterns with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all‐cause mortality (ACM).

Methods and Results

Data were from 7671 EPIC‐Norfolk (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk) cohort middle‐ to older‐aged adults who wore accelerometers on the right hip for 4 to 7 days. Cox proportional hazards regression modeled associations between 2 measures of SB accumulation and incident CVD, cancer, and ACM. These were usual SB bout duration (the midpoint of each individual’s SB accumulation curve, fitted using nonlinear regression) and alpha (hybrid measure of bout frequency and duration, with higher values indicating relatively shorter bouts and fewer long bouts). Models were adjusted for potential confounders, then further for 24‐hour time‐use compositions. During mean follow‐up time of 6.4 years, 339 ACM, 1106 CVD, and 516 cancer events occurred. Elevated rates of incident cancer and ACM were seen with more prolonged SB accumulation (lower alpha, higher usual SB bout duration) but not CVD. For usual SB bout duration and alpha, respectively, the confounder‐adjusted hazard ratios per SD of the exposure were 1.12 (95% CI, 1.02–1.23) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79–0.98) with incident cancer and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.07–1.26) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72–0.89) with ACM (all
P
<0.05). Further adjustment for 24‐hour time use weakened associations with ACM for usual bout duration (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97–1.16;
P
=0.209) and partially for alpha (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77–0.99;
P
=0.029).

Conclusions

Accruing SB in longer bout durations was associated with higher rates of incident cancer and ACM but not with incident CVD, with some evidence of direct SB accumulation effects independent of 24‐hour time use. Findings provide some support for considering SB accumulation as an adjunct target of messaging to “sit less and move more.”
Platelet Function Is Associated With Dementia Risk in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Ramos‐Cejudo Jaime , Johnson Andrew D. , Beiser Alexa , Seshadri Sudha , Salinas Joel , Berger Jeffrey S. , Fillmore Nathanael R. , Do Nhan , Zheng Chunlei , Kovbasyuk Zanetta , Ardekani Babak A. , Pomara Nunzio , Bubu Omonigho M. , Parekh Ankit , Convit Antonio , Betensky Rebecca A. , Wisniewski Thomas M. , Osorio Ricardo S.
Published: April 2022

Background

Vascular function is compromised in Alzheimer disease (AD) years before amyloid and tau pathology are detected and a substantial body of work shows abnormal platelet activation states in patients with AD. The aim of our study was to investigate whether platelet function in middle age is independently associated with future risk of AD.

Methods and Results

We examined associations of baseline platelet function with incident dementia risk in the community‐based FHS (Framingham Heart Study) longitudinal cohorts. The association between platelet function and risk of dementia was evaluated using the cumulative incidence function and inverse probability weighted Cox proportional cause‐specific hazards regression models, with adjustment for demographic and clinical covariates. Platelet aggregation response was measured by light transmission aggregometry. The final study sample included 1847 FHS participants (average age, 53.0 years; 57.5% women). During follow‐up (median, 20.5 years), we observed 154 cases of incident dementia, of which 121 were AD cases. Results from weighted models indicated that platelet aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate 1.0 µmol/L was independently and positively associated with dementia risk, and it was preceded in importance only by age and hypertension. Sensitivity analyses showed associations with the same directionality for participants defined as adenosine diphosphate hyper‐responders, as well as the platelet response to 0.1 µmol/L epinephrine.

Conclusions

Our study shows individuals free of antiplatelet therapy with a higher platelet response are at higher risk of dementia in late life during a 20‐year follow‐up, reinforcing the role of platelet function in AD risk. This suggests that platelet phenotypes may be associated with the rate of dementia and potentially have prognostic value.
Ongoing Exercise Intolerance Following COVID‐19: A Magnetic Resonance–Augmented Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Study
Authors: Brown James T. , Saigal Anita , Karia Nina , Patel Rishi K. , Razvi Yousuf , Constantinou Natalie , Steeden Jennifer A. , Mandal Swapna , Kotecha Tushar , Fontana Marianna , Goldring James , Muthurangu Vivek , Knight Daniel S.
Published: April 2022

Background

Ongoing exercise intolerance of unclear cause following COVID‐19 infection is well recognized but poorly understood. We investigated exercise capacity in patients previously hospitalized with COVID‐19 with and without self‐reported exercise intolerance using magnetic resonance–augmented cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

Methods and Results

Sixty subjects were enrolled in this single‐center prospective observational case‐control study, split into 3 equally sized groups: 2 groups of age‐, sex‐, and comorbidity‐matched previously hospitalized patients following COVID‐19 without clearly identifiable postviral complications and with either self‐reported reduced (COVID
reduced
) or fully recovered (COVID
normal
) exercise capacity; a group of age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The COVID
reduced
group had the lowest peak workload (79W [Interquartile range (IQR), 65–100] versus controls 104W [IQR, 86–148];
P
=0.01) and shortest exercise duration (13.3±2.8 minutes versus controls 16.6±3.5 minutes;
P
=0.008), with no differences in these parameters between COVID
normal
patients and controls. The COVID
reduced
group had: (1) the lowest peak indexed oxygen uptake (14.9 mL/minper kg [IQR, 13.1–16.2]) versus controls (22.3 mL/min per kg [IQR, 16.9–27.6];
P
=0.003) and COVID
normal
patients (19.1 mL/min per kg [IQR, 15.4–23.7];
P
=0.04); (2) the lowest peak indexed cardiac output (4.7±1.2 L/min per m
2
) versus controls (6.0±1.2 L/min per m
2
;
P
=0.004) and COVID
normal
patients (5.7±1.5 L/min per m
2
;
P
=0.02), associated with lower indexed stroke volume (SVi:COVID
reduced
39±10 mL/min per m
2
versus COVID
normal
43±7 mL/min per m
2
versus controls 48±10 mL/min per m
2
;
P
=0.02). There were no differences in peak tissue oxygen extraction or biventricular ejection fractions between groups. There were no associations between COVID‐19 illness severity and peak magnetic resonance–augmented cardiopulmonary exercise testing metrics. Peak indexed oxygen uptake, indexed cardiac output, and indexed stroke volume all correlated with duration from discharge to magnetic resonance–augmented cardiopulmonary exercise testing (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

Magnetic resonance–augmented cardiopulmonary exercise testing suggests failure to augment stroke volume as a potential mechanism of exercise intolerance in previously hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. This is unrelated to disease severity and, reassuringly, improves with time from acute illness.
Unicornileptura gen. nov., a unique lepturine genus from China (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lepturinae, Lepturini)
Authors: BI WEN-XUAN , CHEN CHANG-CHIN , OHBAYASHI NOBUO
Published: April 2022

Unicornileptura gen. nov. (独角花天牛属, Dú jiǎo huā tiān niú shǔ) is established for Unicornileptura emeiensis sp. nov. from Sichuan (as the type species) and U. laticollis sp. nov. from Hubei. Illustrations of habitus, endophallic structure and major diagnostic features are provided.
Glyptothorax yuensis, a new species of sisorid catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Myanmar
Authors: SHANGNINGAM BUNGDON , KOSYGIN LAISHRAM
Published: April 2022

Glyptothorax yuensis, new species, is described from the Yu River, Sagaing division, Myanmar. It is characteristic in having a shallow adipose fin acutely incised at the posterior extremity of its base with an elongated pointed tip, adipose-fin base length 7.6–10.0 % SL; short nasal barbel, not extending to anterior margin of orbit; thoracic adhesive apparatus present with a conical-shaped median depression opening caudally, its length 11.7–13.0% SL and width 8.2–10.1% SL, anteromedial striae present; deep caudal peduncle, its depth 9.4–11.0 % SL; and two thin yellowish stripes on the body. A key to the species of the genus of Chindwin drainage is provided.
Anomalous Conductance in Trans-Polyacetylene Chains with Even–Odd Parity
Authors: Cunha Jorsi J. da C. , Costa Miraci S. , Beirão Antônio T. M. , da Silva Carlos A. B. , da Silva Shirsley J. S. , Del Nero Jordan
Published: April 2022

This work presents an analytical study of electronic transport in dimerized trans-polyacetylene (Trans PA) oligomers containing even (n = 4, 6, 8, 10 sites) and odd (n = 3, 5, 7, 9 sites) chains where the site C1 is sandwiched by two metallic electrodes
(Left and Right). These devices exhibit T-shaped geometry and are investigated by Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model via Heisenberg equation of motion combined with the Keldysh formalism. We introduced disorder into the system through the dimerization force (δ) demonstrating
that the dimerization in the chain can effectively lead to a linear (low δ) or zigzag (high δ) behavior, besides also suffering increase or decrease in conductance peak [dI/dV]max. The odd chains exhibit trivial topological behavior to which the conductance peaks
are suppressed as dimerization disorder is considered-creates barriers for tunneling. On the other hand, we have an opposite behavior for conductance peaks in the even chains. For example, the chain with weak dimerization (low δ) has a perfect transmission for even chains. In addition,
we note for odd chains the formation of a plateau in the I–V curve for bias voltages and for even chains that show a linear current. This procedure shows an analytical study through the tunneling of the parameters on the device, such parameters as the tunneling amplitude (ГL/R)
can be accessible experimentally.
Applications to Biomedical Data by Using Volume Biased Rayleigh Model
Authors: Yahia Nagla
Published: April 2022

In this manuscript, we discuss a new weighted distribution, which called the volume–biased Rayleigh (VB-R) distribution. The VB-R model is more flexible than some well known models and it has many applications in physics and medicine. The statistical properties of the VB-R distribution
as; moments, mean, variance, moment generating function, incomplete moments, inequality measures, order statistics and Rényi an q entropies are calculated. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimators for the unknown parameter of the volume-biased Rayleigh distribution, based on complete
samples. Finally, applications on real data-sets are provided to determine whether the VB-R distribution is better than other well-known distributions in modeling lifetime data or not.
An Analysis of the Fading Channel Valid for Frequencies Up to the mmW Range
Authors: da Silva Claudio Bastos , da Silva Ferraz Rafael , Santos Horacio Tertuliano
Published: April 2022

The fading phenomenon in mobile communications is mainly a stochastic process and plays an essential role in the reliability and stability of the systems. The frequency bands currently in use it is reasonably well characterized and described. With the use of mmW, only experimental,
theoretical models are being proposed; there is no unanimity regarding a model that effectively contemplates the phenomenon in this spectrum range. Some studies suggest the traditional models applied to the frequencies in use; Rician and Rayleigh are the main ones. This study aims to advance
and compare, with accepted models, a broader statistical model that overcomes the limitations of the current models. It will be analyzed and compared a model using the Nakagami-m distribution covering a greater range of possibilities, given the low spreading capacity of mmW and the need for
links almost always LOS situation in which the Rician model fails.
Design of Molecular Positive Electronic Transition Device
Authors: Sampaio-Silva Alessandre , Cavalcante Gervásio Protásio dos Santos , Silva Carlos Alberto B. , Nero Jordan Del
Published: April 2022

This work presents an investigation on the electronic transport of two devices based on Zigzag Phagraphene Nanoribbons of different widths (ZPGNR1 and ZPGNR2) with Nitrogen-doped edge terminations based on DFT-NEGF methodology using TranSIESTA code. Our results show different transport
regimes: (i) ZPGNR1 device exhibits metallic behavior and metal-semiconductor transition when the bias voltage is increased, with symmetry on the eigenchannels (ECs) and the field-effect transistor (FET) signature; and (ii) ZPGNR2 device presents topological insulator (TI) behavior and two
operation windows, the first with FET signature characterized by the TI-semiconductor transition and the second with resonant tunnel diode (RTD) signature with broken ECs symmetry due to potential barrier caused by N-doping at the edge and the central region is preferential transport path
for the device, inherent to TI systems, generating a negative differential resistance (NDR). Another alternative for ZPGNR2 is to consider a current limiter device Molecular Positive Electronic Transition (MPET)-like.
Approximation of the Fractional Variable Order Wave Model by Weighted Average Finite Difference Method
Authors: Assiri Taghreed A. , Alsulami Saja A.
Published: April 2022

In this article we examine the weighted average finite difference methods to approximate the fractional variable-order wave equation, where, the order of the differentiation can be a function of time. The fractional differentiation of the of variable-order are described in terms of
the Riemann-Liouville concept. The stability of the utilized method are proved by using a kind of Von Neumann analysis. To reveals that the method is effective, two examples are offered. and the obtained solutions were compared with the exact solutions.
Diagnosing Discrepancies between Observations and Models of Surface Energy Fluxes in a Midlatitude Lake
Authors: Taebel Zachary W. , Reed David E. , Desai Ankur R.
Published: April 2022

The physical processes of heat exchange between lakes and the surrounding atmosphere are important in simulating and predicting terrestrial surface energy balance. Latent and sensible heat fluxes are the dominant physical process controlling ice growth and decay on the lake surface, as well as having influence on regional climate. While one-dimensional lake models have been used in simulating environmental changes in ice dynamics and water temperature, understanding the seasonal to daily cycles of lake surface energy balance and its relationship to lake thermal properties, atmospheric conditions, and how those are represented in models is still an open area of research. We evaluated a pair of one-dimensional lake models, Freshwater Lake (FLake) and the General Lake Model (GLM), to compare modeled latent and sensible heat fluxes against observed data collected by an eddy covariance tower during a 1-yr period in 2017, using Lake Mendota in Madison, Wisconsin, as our study site. We hypothesized transitional periods of ice cover as a leading source of model uncertainty, and we instead found that the models failed to simulate accurate values for large positive heat fluxes that occurred from late August into late December. Our results ultimately showed that one-dimensional models are effective in simulating sensible heat fluxes but are considerably less sensitive to latent heat fluxes than the observed relationships of latent heat flux to environmental drivers. These results can be used to focus future improvement of these lake models especially if they are to be used for surface boundary conditions in regional numerical weather models.

Significance Statement

While lakes consist of a small amount of Earth’s surface, they have a large impact on local climate and weather. A large amount of energy is stored in lakes during the spring and summer, and then removed from lakes before winter. The effect is particularly noticeable in high latitudes, when the seasonal temperature difference is larger. Modeling this lake energy exchange is important for weather models and measuring this energy exchange is challenging. Here we compare modeled and observed energy exchange, and we show there are large amounts of energy exchange happening in the fall, which models struggle to capture well. During periods of partial ice coverage in early winter, lake behavior can change rapidly.
Deep Learning Augmented Data Assimilation: Reconstructing Missing Information with Convolutional Autoencoders
Authors: Wang Yueya , Shi Xiaoming , Lei Lili , Fung Jimmy Chi-Hung
Published: April 2022

Remote sensing data play a critical role in improving numerical weather prediction (NWP). However, the physical principles of radiation dictate that data voids frequently exist in physical space (e.g., subcloud area for satellite infrared radiance or no-precipitation region for radar reflectivity). Such data gaps impair the accuracy of initial conditions derived from data assimilation (DA), which has a negative impact on NWP. We use the barotropic vorticity equation to demonstrate the potential of deep learning augmented data assimilation (DDA), which involves reconstructing spatially complete pseudo-observation fields from incomplete observations and using them for DA. By training a convolutional autoencoder (CAE) with a long simulation at a coarse “forecast” resolution (T63), we obtained a deep learning approximation of the “reconstruction operator,” which maps spatially incomplete observations to a model state with full spatial coverage and resolution. The CAE was applied to an incomplete streamfunction observation (∼30% missing) from a high-resolution benchmark simulation and demonstrated satisfactory reconstruction performance, even when only very sparse (1/16 of T63 grid density) observations were used as input. When only spatially incomplete observations are used, the analysis fields obtained from ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) assimilation exhibit significant error. However, in DDA, when EnSRF takes in the combined data from the incomplete observations and CAE reconstruction, analysis error reduces significantly. Such gains are more pronounced with sparse observation and small ensemble size because the DDA analysis is much less sensitive to observation density and ensemble size than the conventional DA analysis, which is based solely on incomplete observations.

Significance Statement

Data assimilation plays a critical role in improving the skills of modern numerical weather prediction by establishing accurate initial conditions. However, unobservable regions are common in observation data, particularly those derived from remote sensing. The nonlinear relationship between data from observable regions and the physical state of unobservable regions may impede DA efficiency. As a result, we propose that deep learning be used to improve data assimilation in such cases by reconstructing a spatially complete first guess of the physical state with deep learning and then applying data assimilation to the reconstructed field. Such deep learning augmentation is found effective in improving the accuracy of data assimilation, especially for sparse observation and small ensemble size.
Identifying Weather Patterns Associated with Increased Volcanic Ash Risk within British Isles Airspace
Authors: Harrison Samuel R. , Pope James O. , Neal Robert A. , Garry Freya K. , Kurashina Ryosuke , Suri Dan
Published: April 2022

Icelandic volcanic emissions have been shown historically and more recently to have an impact on public health and aviation across northern and western Europe. The severity of these impacts is governed by the prevailing weather conditions and the nature of the eruption. This study focuses on the former utilizing an existing set of 30 weather patterns produced by the Met Office. Associated daily historical classifications are used to assess which weather patterns are most likely to result in flow from Iceland into four flight information regions (FIRs) covering the British Isles and North Atlantic, which may lead to disruption to aviation during Icelandic volcanic episodes. High-risk weather patterns vary between FIRs, with a total of 14 weather patterns impacting at least one FIR. These high-risk types predominantly have a northwesterly or westerly flow from Iceland into British Isles airspace. Analysis of the historical classifications reveals a typical duration for high-risk periods of 3–5 days, when transitions between high-risk types are considered. High-risk periods lasting over a week are also possible in all four FIRs. Additionally, impacts are more likely in winter months for most FIRs. Knowledge of high-risk weather patterns for aviation can be used within existing operational probabilistic weather pattern forecasting tools. Combined probabilities for high-risk weather patterns can be derived for the medium-range (1–2 weeks ahead) and used to provide a rapid assessment as to the likelihood of flow from Iceland. This weather pattern forecasting application is illustrated using archived forecast data for the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption.
Gaspare Aselli (1581-1625) and Lacteis Venis: Four Centuries From the Discovery of Lymphatic System
Authors: Park Jiho , Riva Michele A.
Published: April 2022

The first half of the seventeenth century may be seen as the turning point of knowledge of human anatomy and physiology, as also demonstrated by the works by William Harvey (1578‐1657) on the circulation of the blood. This article aims to present biographic context of the surgeon Gaspare Aselli (1581‐1625) and his rather fortuitous discovery of the lacteals in Milan in 1622, that contributed to the comprehension of the lymphatic system. The experimentation on living animals ( anatomia animata, living anatomy), and particularly the vivisection used by Gaspare Aselli provided the basis for much of the subsequent investigation of the human physiology. In particular, the discovery of lymphatics challenged the basis of the Galenic doctrine, denying the liver the central role it had formerly been granted in transforming food into blood and revolutionized the ancient hepatocentrism in favor of the modern concept of cardiocentrism.
Participation and Functional Independence in Adults With Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay
Authors: Muslemani Samar , Lessard Isabelle , Lavoie Caroline , Côté Isabelle , Brais Bernard , Mathieu Jean , Gagnon Cynthia
Published: April 2022

Background. Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a progressive disorder where upper and lower extremities motor performances may bring participation restriction. Purpose. To document participation in adults with ARSAC and explore associations with motor performances. Method. Twenty-eight participants took part in the study. Participation was assessed using the LIFE-H. Motor performance was assessed using several outcomes including the SARA, LEMOCOT, Berg Balance Scale, 10-Meter Walk Test, and Finger-to-nose Test. Findings. Participation was significantly lower in the wheelchair user subgroup. Also, for 29 activities out of 77, at least 15% of participants reported severely disrupted participation. Participation was correlated with upper and lower limbs coordination, walking ability, balance, disease severity, and fine dexterity (Spearman r = .41–0.85, p < .03). Implications. Results showed significant participation restrictions and suggest that interventions aiming to improve or compensate upper and lower limbs functions could help to decrease disease burden.