bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Tumor-Specific Neo-Antigen Caused by a Frameshift Mutation in BAP1 Is a Potential Personalized Biomarker in Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: Lai Jun , Zhou Zhan , Tang Xiao-Jing , Gao Zhi-Bin , Zhou Jie , Chen Shu-Qing
Published: May 2016

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive rare malignancy associated with asbestos exposure. A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MPM will help develop a targeted therapy strategy. Oncogene targeted depth sequencing was performed on a tumor sample and paired peripheral blood DNA from a patient with malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum. Four somatic base-substitutions in NOTCH2, NSD1, PDE4DIP, and ATP10B and 1 insert frameshift mutation in BAP1 were validated by the Sanger method at the transcriptional level. A 13-amino acids neo-peptide of the truncated Bap1 protein, which was produced as a result of this novel frameshift mutation, was predicted to be presented by this patient’s HLA-B protein. The polyclonal antibody of the synthesized 13-mer neo-peptide was produced in rabbits. Western blotting results showed a good antibody-neoantigen specificity, and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with the antibody of the neo-peptide clearly differentiated neoplastic cells from normal cells. A search of the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database also revealed that 53.2% of mutations in BAP1 were frameshift indels with neo-peptide formation. An identified tumor-specific neo-antigen could be the potential molecular biomarker for personalized diagnosis to precisely subtype rare malignancies such as MPM.
“Fifty Shades” of Black and Red or How Carboxyl Groups Fine Tune Eumelanin and Pheomelanin Properties
Authors: Micillo Raffaella , Panzella Lucia , Koike Kenzo , Monfrecola Giuseppe , Napolitano Alessandra , D’Ischia Marco
Published: May 2016

Recent advances in the chemistry of melanins have begun to disclose a number of important structure-property-function relationships of crucial relevance to the biological role of human pigments, including skin (photo) protection and UV-susceptibility. Even slight variations in the monomer composition of black eumelanins and red pheomelanins have been shown to determine significant differences in light absorption, antioxidant, paramagnetic and redox behavior, particle morphology, surface properties, metal chelation and resistance to photo-oxidative wear-and-tear. These variations are primarily governed by the extent of decarboxylation at critical branching points of the eumelanin and pheomelanin pathways, namely the rearrangement of dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA), and the rearrangement of 5-S-cysteinyldopa o-quinoneimine to 1,4-benzothiazine (BTZ) and its 3-carboxylic acid (BTZCA). In eumelanins, the DHICA-to-DHI ratio markedly affects the overall antioxidant and paramagnetic properties of the resulting pigments. In particular, a higher content in DHICA decreases visible light absorption and paramagnetic response relative to DHI-based melanins, but markedly enhances antioxidant properties. In pheomelanins, likewise, BTZCA-related units, prevalently formed in the presence of zinc ions, appear to confer pronounced visible and ultraviolet A (UVA) absorption features, accounting for light-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, whereas non-carboxylated benzothiazine intermediates seem to be more effective in inducing ROS production by redox cycling mechanisms in the dark. The possible biological and functional significance of carboxyl retention in the eumelanin and pheomelanin pathways is discussed.
Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Chalcone-1,2,3-triazole-azole Derivates as Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Zhang Sai-Yang , Fu Dong-Jun , Yue Xiao-Xin , Liu Ying-Chao , Song Jian , Sun Hui-Hui , Liu Hong-Min , Zhang Yan-Bing
Published: May 2016

A series of novel chalcone-1,2,3-triazole-azole hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against three selected cancer cell lines (SK-N-SH, EC-109 and MGC-803). Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good activity against all the cancer cell lines selected. Particularly, compound I-21 showed the most excellent antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 1.52 μM against SK-N-SH cancer cells. Further mechanism studies revealed that compound I-21 induced morphological changes of SK-N-SH cancer cells possibly by inducing apoptosis. Novel chalcone-1,2,3-triazole-azole derivatives in this work might be a series of promising lead compounds to develop anticancer agents for treating neuroblastoma.
Synthesis of Novel Symmetrical 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Bistriazole Derivatives via ‘Click Chemistry’ and Their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Düğdü Esra , Ünlüer Dilek , Çelik Fatih , Sancak Kemal , Alpay Karaoğlu Şengül , Özel Arzu
Published: May 2016

A series of symmetric bis-1,2,3-triazole compounds 2–5(a–f) were synthesized as potential antioxidant agents via click chemistry. Their structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. All of the synthesized compounds were subjected to antioxidant and antimicrobial assays. The antioxidant activity of these compounds (AChE inhibition, DPPH and SOD activities) was evaluated. Compound 2f was found to show the highest AChE inhibition activity of all compounds, while compound 3b showed a strong inhibitory effect on DPPH radical and compound 2a was the most effective of all compounds for SOD activity. All synthesized compounds were found to possess moderate antibacterial activity against the bacteria E. coli and Y.pseudotuberculosis.
Remote Estimation of Vegetation Fraction and Flower Fraction in Oilseed Rape with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Data
Authors: Fang Shenghui , Tang Wenchao , Peng Yi , Gong Yan , Dai Can , Chai Ruhui , Liu Kan
Published: May 2016

This study developed an approach for remote estimation of Vegetation Fraction (VF) and Flower Fraction (FF) in oilseed rape, which is a crop species with conspicuous flowers during reproduction. Canopy reflectance in green, red, red edge and NIR bands was obtained by a camera system mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) when oilseed rape was in the vegetative growth and flowering stage. The relationship of several widely-used Vegetation Indices (VI) vs. VF was tested and found to be different in different phenology stages. At the same VF when oilseed rape was flowering, canopy reflectance increased in all bands, and the tested VI decreased. Therefore, two algorithms to estimate VF were calibrated respectively, one for samples during vegetative growth and the other for samples during flowering stage. The results showed that the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARIgreen) worked most accurately for estimating VF in flower-free samples with an Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.56%, while the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) was the best in flower-containing samples with an RMSE of 5.65%. Based on reflectance in green and NIR bands, a technique was developed to identify whether a sample contained flowers and then to choose automatically the appropriate algorithm for its VF estimation. During the flowering season, we also explored the potential of using canopy reflectance or VIs to estimate FF in oilseed rape. No significant correlation was observed between VI and FF when soil was visible in the sensor’s field of view. Reflectance at 550 nm worked well for FF estimation with coefficient of determination (R2) above 0.6. Our model was validated in oilseed rape planted under different nitrogen fertilization applications and in different phenology stages. The results showed that it was able to predict VF and FF accurately in oilseed rape with RMSE below 6%.
Development, Production and Evaluation of Aerosol Climate Data Records from European Satellite Observations (Aerosol_cci)
Authors: Popp Thomas , De Leeuw Gerrit , Bingen Christine , Brühl Christoph , Capelle Virginie , Chedin Alain , Clarisse Lieven , Dubovik Oleg , Grainger Roy , Griesfeller Jan , Heckel Andreas , Kinne Stefan , Klüser Lars , Kosmale Miriam , Kolmonen Pekka , Lelli Luca , Litvinov Pavel , Mei Linlu , North Peter , Pinnock Simon , Povey Adam , Robert Charles , Schulz Michael , Sogacheva Larisa , Stebel Kerstin , Stein Zweers Deborah , Thomas Gareth , Tilstra Lieuwe , Vandenbussche Sophie , Veefkind Pepijn , Vountas Marco , Xue Yong
Published: May 2016

Producing a global and comprehensive description of atmospheric aerosols requires integration of ground-based, airborne, satellite and model datasets. Due to its complexity, aerosol monitoring requires the use of several data records with complementary information content. This paper describes the lessons learned while developing and qualifying algorithms to generate aerosol Climate Data Records (CDR) within the European Space Agency (ESA) Aerosol_cci project. An iterative algorithm development and evaluation cycle involving core users is applied. It begins with the application-specific refinement of user requirements, leading to algorithm development, dataset processing and independent validation followed by user evaluation. This cycle is demonstrated for a CDR of total Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from two subsequent dual-view radiometers. Specific aspects of its applicability to other aerosol algorithms are illustrated with four complementary aerosol datasets. An important element in the development of aerosol CDRs is the inclusion of several algorithms evaluating the same data to benefit from various solutions to the ill-determined retrieval problem. The iterative approach has produced a 17-year AOD CDR, a 10-year stratospheric extinction profile CDR and a 35-year Absorbing Aerosol Index record. Further evolution cycles have been initiated for complementary datasets to provide insight into aerosol properties (i.e., dust aerosol, aerosol absorption).
DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS IN A MULTIDIMENSIONAL SPACE
Authors: Vasilyev Alexander V. , Vasilyev Vladimir B.
Published: May 2016

One considers a general difference equation in a multidimensional space with continuous coefficients in the space of integrable functions. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a Fredholm property are obtained with a help of the Fourier transform and the Riemann boundary value problem. For simplest cases solvability conditions and formula of a general solution for the difference equation are given.
CANDIDATE GRAVITATIONALLY LENSED DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES IN THE HERSCHEL WIDE AREA SURVEYS*
Authors: Nayyeri H. , Keele M. , Cooray A. , Riechers D. A. , Ivison R. J. , Harris A. I. , Frayer D. T. , Baker A. J. , Chapman S. C. , Eales S. , Farrah D. , Fu H. , Marchetti L. , Marques-Chaves R. , Martinez-Navajas P. I. , Oliver S. J. , Omont A. , Perez-Fournon I. , Scott D. , Vaccari M. , Vieira J. , Viero M. , Wang L. , Wardlow J.
Published: May 2016

We present a list of candidate gravitationally lensed dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) from the HerMES Large Mode Survey and the Herschel Stripe 82 Survey. Together, these partially overlapping surveys cover 372 deg2 on the sky. After removing local spiral galaxies and known radio-loud blazars, our candidate list of lensed DSFGs is composed of 77 sources with 500 μm flux densities (S
500) greater than 100 mJy. Such sources are dusty starburst galaxies similar to the first bright sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) discovered with SCUBA. We expect a large fraction of this list to be strongly lensed, with a small fraction made up of bright SMG–SMG mergers that appear as hyper-luminous infrared galaxies (

L

IR

>

10

13

L

⊙

). Thirteen of the 77 candidates have spectroscopic redshifts from CO spectroscopy with ground-based interferometers, putting them at

z
>
1

and well above the redshift of the foreground lensing galaxies. The surface density of our sample is 0.21 ± 0.03 deg−2. We present follow-up imaging of a few of the candidates to confirm their lensing nature. The sample presented here is an ideal tool for higher-resolution imaging and spectroscopic observations to understand the detailed properties of starburst phenomena in distant galaxies.
CONSTRAINING GLOBULAR CLUSTER AGE UNCERTAINTIES USING THE IR COLOR–MAGNITUDE DIAGRAM*
Authors: Correnti Matteo , Gennaro Mario , Kalirai Jason S. , Brown Thomas M. , Calamida Annalisa
Published: May 2016

Globular Clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way are the primary laboratories for establishing the ages of the oldest stellar populations and for measuring the color–magnitude relation of stars. In infrared (IR) color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs), the stellar main sequence (MS) exhibits a “kink” due to opacity effects in M dwarfs such that lower mass and cooler dwarfs become bluer in the IR color baseline. This diagnostic offers a new opportunity to model GC CMDs and to reduce uncertainties on cluster properties (e.g., their derived ages). In this context, we analyzed Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 IR archival observations of four GCs—47 Tuc, M4, NGC 2808, and NGC 6752—for which the data are deep enough to fully sample the low-mass MS, reaching at least ≃2 mag below the “kink.” We derived the fiducial lines for each cluster and compared them with a grid of isochrones over a large range of parameter space, allowing age, metallicity, distance, and reddening to vary within reasonable selected ranges. The derived ages for the four clusters are, respectively, 11.6, 11.5, 11.2, and 12.1 Gyr and their random uncertainties are

0.7–1.1 Gyr. Our results suggest that the near-IR MS “kink,” combined with the MS turn-off, provides a valuable tool to measure GC ages and offers a promising opportunity to push the absolute age of GCs to sub-Gyr accuracy with the next generation IR telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope.
BRIGHT AND FAINT ENDS OF Lyα LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS AT z = 2 DETERMINED BY THE SUBARU SURVEY: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGNs, MAGNIFICATION BIAS, AND ISM H I EVOLUTION
Authors: Konno Akira , Ouchi Masami , Nakajima Kimihiko , Duval Florent , Kusakabe Haruka , Ono Yoshiaki , Shimasaku Kazuhiro
Published: May 2016

We present the Lyα luminosity functions (LFs) derived by our deep Subaru narrowband survey that identifies a total of 3137 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.2 in five independent blank fields. This sample of LAEs is the largest to date and covers a very wide Lyα luminosity range of

erg s−1. We determine the Lyα LF at z = 2.2 with unprecedented accuracy and obtain the best-fit Schechter parameters of

erg s−1,

Mpc−3, and

, showing a steep faint-end slope. We identify a significant hump at the LF bright end (

erg s−1). Because all of the LAEs in the bright-end hump have a bright counterpart(s) in either the X-ray, UV, or radio data, this bright-end hump is not made by gravitational lensing magnification bias but by active galactic nuclei (AGNs). These AGNs allow us to derive the AGN UV LF at z ∼ 2 down to the faint magnitude limit of M
UV ≃ −22.5 and to constrain the faint-end slope of the AGN UV LF, α
AGN = −1.2 ± 0.1, which is flatter than those at z > 4. Based on the Lyα and UV LFs from our and previous studies, we find an increase of Lyα escape fraction

from z ∼ 0 to 6 by two orders of magnitude. This large

increase can be explained neither by the evolution of stellar population nor by outflow alone, but by the evolution of neutral hydrogen H
i density in the interstellar medium that enhances dust attenuation for Lyα by resonance scattering. Our uniform expanding shell models suggest that the typical H
i column density decreases from

(z ∼ 0) to ∼1 × 1018 cm−2 (z ∼ 6) to explain the large

increase.
NUMERICAL TEST OF DIFFERENT APPROXIMATIONS USED IN THE TRANSPORT THEORY OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES
Authors: Qin G. , Shalchi A.
Published: May 2016

Recently developed theories for perpendicular diffusion work remarkably well. The diffusion coefficients they provide agree with test-particle simulations performed for different turbulence setups ranging from slab and slab-like models to two-dimensional and noisy reduced MHD turbulence. However, such theories are still based on different analytical approximations. In the current paper we use a test-particle code to explore the different approximations used in diffusion theory. We benchmark different guiding center approximations, simplifications of higher-order correlations, and the Taylor–Green–Kubo formula. We demonstrate that guiding center approximations work very well as long as the particle's unperturbed Larmor radius is smaller than the perpendicular correlation length of the turbulence. Furthermore, the Taylor–Green–Kubo formula and the definition of perpendicular diffusion coefficients via mean square displacements provide the same results. The only approximation that was used in the past in nonlinear diffusion theory that fails is to replace fourth-order correlations by a product of two second-order correlation functions. In more advanced nonlinear theories, however, this type of approximation is no longer used. Therefore, we confirm the validity of modern diffusion theories as a result of the work presented in the current paper.
La théorie de l’entrepreneur, son évolution et sa contextualisation
Authors: Boutillier Sophie , Tiran André
Published: May 2016

Peu d’économistes ont placé l’entrepreneur au cœur de la dynamique globale du capitalisme, qui est plus importante que l’acteur économique lui-même. Cependant, trois économistes, Cantillon, Say et Schumpeter ont développé une analyse où l’entrepreneur est l’énergie principale du processus d’accumulation capitaliste. Dans leur analyse, l’entrepreneur n’est pas un individu mais une fonction qui représente un lien systémique entre les structures socioéconomiques du capitalisme et les motivations entrepreneuriales (profit, défi, reconnaissance sociale, innovation, etc.), permettant de comprendre leurs décisions, et d’analyser leurs conséquences sur le cycle des affaires. Depuis, d’autres économistes ont actualisé et développé leur œuvre, en fonction des problèmes économiques et sociaux (progrès technique, chômage, emploi…) de leur temps. Codes JEL : B00
Conflict within Colombian Family Owned SMEs
Authors: Perez-Uribe Rafael , Ocampo-Guzman David
Published: May 2016

Micro and SMEs represent 96% of the companies legally constituted and registered at the Chambers of Commerce in Colombia, and between 70% and 90% are mainly family owned businesses. Many of Colombia's largest companies and most successful business groups were born as family companies. However several researches and investigations developed by EAN University have revealed that these Family Businesses are a constant focus of conflicts. Why? What makes them so prone to conflict? The purpose of this work is to show the possible causes of this grim reality, and to offer some alternatives for proprietors to take these arousing conflicts to transform them into opportunities for improvement, giving their organizations an opportunity to be sustainable over time.
How Pre-Service and First-Year Teachers Utilize Informal Learning in a Work Context
Authors: Sedivy-Benton Amy L. , Leland Katina M.
Published: May 2016

Pre-service candidates enroll in teacher preparation programs to learn the knowledge, skills, and abilities that teachers must possess. Throughout their education program, they apply their classroom learning to clinical experiences, those experiences that pre-service candidates have with K-12 students. These clinical experiences provide a hands-on approach to what the day-to-day mechanics will be once they become a teacher of record. Succeeding graduation and receiving a teaching degree, pre-service candidates still have more to learn as they make the transition from pre-service candidate to a novice teacher. This chapter focuses on the informal learning that pre-service candidates and novice teachers receive when they conduct student teaching and become a teacher of record. Background knowledge of the trajectory of learning starting with teacher education programs and ending with the first years of teaching is provided along with issues, controversies, and problems that affect pre-service candidates and novice teachers' competencies to fulfill the duties of teaching.
Trends in Human Resource Development in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mpofu Stanley
Published: May 2016

The rebranding of adult learning at CONFINTEA V (1997) as an integral component of human resource development for sustainable development paved the way for greater flexibility and innovation in education provision. This chapter illustrates how this development has challenged the traditional methods of teaching and learning in Zimbabwe. Accordingly, the chapter show-cases three major trends that have emerged, namely, the formalization of non-formal education and vice versa, the “universalization” of continuing education and the non-formalization of informal education. Whereas the formalization of non-formal education has occurred throughout the education system (from school through to university) the non-formalization of formal education has been confined to university education. The “universalization” of continuing education is evident in the adoption by universities of many continuing education programs that were traditionally beyond their scope. And, informal education has been non-formalized via trade-testing of informal artisans such as carpenters and builders.
Do Your Classes Click?
Authors: Forbringer Linda L.
Published: May 2016

This chapter describes a study that examined the use of interactive remotes (clickers) in teacher education courses. In previous studies, interactive technology has been shown to increase student interest, participation, and learning in a variety of other disciplines. This study replicated those findings with pre-service and practicing teachers, but also investigated the clickers' effects on teachers' developing understanding of three evidence-based pedagogical practices: (1) active participation, (2) providing students with opportunities for frequent review and feedback, and (3) using formative assessment to guide instructional decisions. Results were overwhelmingly positive. Participants reported that using the technology developed their understanding of the targeted pedagogical practices, and this growth was reflected in their discussion of effective pedagogy after having used the interactive remotes. The chapter includes a review of the supporting pedagogical foundations, a discussion of the limitations of the current study and implications for further research.
A Paradigm Shift for Teachers' Professional Development Structure in Turkey
Authors: Günel Murat , Özer-Keskin Melike , Keskin-Samancı Nilay
Published: May 2016

This chapter concerns the importance of in-service training programmes for the professional development of science teachers. A description will be given of the general structure of in-service training activities in Turkey and the results will be presented of an in-service training project, which was conducted as part of a three-year longitudinal study. Within the scope of the project, an in-service training programme for science teachers was conducted based on the argument-based inquiry approach and the theoretical premises upon which it is built. The project aimed to direct science teachers towards student-centred teaching. The training activities focused on the scientific thinking underpinning the teachers' professional knowledge and practices, their perceptions on learning, and their pedagogical practices and epistemological beliefs. The extent to which these activities affected classroom applications and learning processes was investigated and the findings suggest that they had a statistically significant impact on the teachers' pedagogical development and on the students' academic performance and thinking skills.
Quality Management Practices in Lifelong Learning Programs at German Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Mörth Anita
Published: May 2016

This chapter gives an overview of quality management activities in German universities engaging in lifelong learning. Projects funded within the German-wide funding competition “Advancement through Education: Open Universities” aim to open universities to lifelong learning and to increase permeability between vocational and academic pathways. They range from development of concepts for part-time courses, further education and blended learning study formats to new kinds of cooperation with institutions outside university. Quality management activities have to be developed and implemented in all projects. The chapter presents the findings of an action research process including a quality management workshop with different universities involved in the funding competition and the resulting recommendation paper, complemented by a document analysis, which show the variety of quality assurance and quality management activities within academic continuing education in German higher education.
The Adoption of Instructional Technologies in Teacher Education
Authors: Nwokeocha Steve
Published: May 2016

This chapter advocates for a turn to the positive side of the situation and the need to create a multiplier effect with available technologies and capabilities which at the long run could enable Nigeria to leapfrog and catch up with the advanced countries in terms of quality of teaching and learning. The chapter consequently discusses some of the new ideas and concepts that may well be exploited to improve teacher education through technology. It calls for more research, sensitization and capacity building of teachers and students about such new ideas and concepts for the benefit of the Nigerian education system. The chapter is written primarily based on the practical experiences of the author as a teacher educator and active participant in world conferences that, over the years, have devoted attention to best practical cases that have worked in various developing parts of the world.
Traditional Teacher Evaluation Models
Authors: Leland Katina M. , Sedivy-Benton Amy L.
Published: May 2016

Student achievement has become one of the main focal points regarding education across the United States. With this intense focus on students, teachers are thrust unwillingly into the spotlight. Teacher practices and student outcomes have become the new norm for evaluation in PK-12 education. That method of evaluation is crossing over into teacher preparation programs as attempts are being made to connect the quality of a teacher preparation program to the performance of those graduates in the classroom. This chapter focuses on the current trends that exist for both pre-service teachers as well as teachers of record. A brief history is examined as well as issues that currently exist within these structures. The chapter concludes with the implications of these practices and suggestions for future trends and recommendations for evaluating teachers at both the pre-service experience level and when they are employed in the classroom.
Implementing a Secure E-Commerce Web Site
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan
Published: May 2016

The design of a secure e-commerce website, involves process of grouping your systems together in common areas as defined by their requirements for security. These groupings or security zones will be regulated by the control systems (such as firewalls and routers) that you deploy in your site. They will also be monitored against attack by intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and other tools deployed within your environment. The main steps in securing the E-commerce Web Site are: (i) implementing Security Zones, (2) Deploying Firewalls, (3) Deciding Where to place the Components (4) Implementing Intrusion Detection (5) Managing and Monitoring the Systems.
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Green Roofs in Warm Humid Climates: A Case of Residential Buildings in Madurai, India
Authors: Madhumathi A , Radhakrishnan S. , Shanthipriya R.
Published: May 2016

Green roof application on real residential buildings in Tamilnadu, India is very limited and mostly concentrated in major cities mainly for visual purposes. There is not enough research has been conducted to boost up the benefits of green roof system in Warm and Humid weather in India. Green roofs have the potential to improve the thermal performance of a roofing system through shading, insulation, evapotranspiration and thermal mass, thus reducing a building’s energy demand for space conditioning. To quantify the thermal performance and energy efficiency of green roofs an experimental investigation was done in residential buildings of Madurai, Tamilnadu, India. This paper refers to the analysis of the thermal properties and indoor thermal performance study of the green roof. The investigation were implemented in two phases: during the first phase, extended surface, air temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken at the indoor and outdoor environment of the buildings where the green roof had installed and during the second phase of the study, the thermal properties of the green roof, as well as, the cooling potential were examined. Results showed vegetative roofs reduced heat gain compared to the white reflective roofs and conventional reinforced cement concrete due to the thermal mass, extra insulation, and evapo-transpiration associated with the vegetative roofing systems. The results also proved that green roofs provide acceptable indoor thermal performance with respect to the other conventional roofs while re-establishing the relationship between human and environment, which have been destroyed due to the rapid urbanization.
Factors Affecting Contact Pressure Distribution on Bolted Joint Interface
Authors: Liao Jing Ping , Yu Ding Wen , Feng Ping Fa
Published: May 2016

To investigate factors affecting contact interface pressure distribution in bolted joint, a parametric model was established by ANSYS APDL language in this paper. The contact pressure distribution on bolted joint interface was obtained through interpolating and revising contact interface forces. It is observed that the position of peak interface pressure is between the edge of bolt hole and the edge of bolt head. The contact pressure linearly changes with the bolt load while the distribution trend and radius remain unchanged. When the total thickness of clamped members is fixed, the contact pressure distribution varies from concentrated to uniform with the increasing member thickness ratio, and the maximum contact radius is reached while the member thickness is equal. When one clamped member thickness is fixed, increasing the other’s thickness can also reduce the contact pressure concentration, but the effect gradually weakens. Increasing bolt diameter can slightly increase the absolute contact radius but decrease the normalized contact radius. The inclusion of a washer under the nut can slightly promote interface clamping.
SIFT-Based Target Recognition in Robot Soccer
Authors: Du Yu Hong , Wu Chen , Zhao Di , Chang Yun , Li Xing , Yang Shuo
Published: May 2016

A novel scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is proposed for soccer target recognition application in a robot soccer game. First, the method of generating scale space is given, extreme points are detected. This gives the precise positioning of the extraction step and the SIFT feature points. Based on the gradient and direction of the feature point neighboring pixels, a description of the key points of the vector is generated. Finally, the matching method based on feature vectors is extracted from SIFT feature points and implemented on the image of the football in a soccer game. By employing the proposed SIFT algorithm for football and stadium key feature points extraction and matching, significant increase can be achieved in the robot soccer ability to identify and locate the football.
Study on Gray Correlation Analysis Model for Anti-Fatigue Entropy-AHP Weight Parts
Authors: Li W.Q. , Wang Y.Z. , Feng R.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we set up a comprehensive assessment model to choose “best all time college coach” in the last century by combining Analytic Hierarchy Process with Gray Correlation Analysis. Taking the effect of time line horizon into consideration, we introduce Entropy weight approach into our model by Least Square Method and Linear Programming.
A Transient Faults Diagnosis Method Based on EEMD, Spectral Kurtosis Theory and Energy Operator Demodulating
Authors: Wang Yu Long , Chen Dong Xiang , Zhang Pan , Wang Yong , Yu Zhi Qiang , Li Hong Bin
Published: May 2016

When an early fault turns up in rotating machinery, the normal vibration signal will be modulated with periodic transient shock pulses. It’s significant to diagnose these periodic shock pulses for early fault prognostic and diagnostic tests. Usually demodulating is one of the most effective and common used method. Because of the strong background noise, it’s very difficult to select the parameters of band-pass filter. In this paper, we propose to use Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) coordinating with spectrum kurtosis theory to choose the Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) to reduce the background noise and select the parameters of band-pass filter adaptively by fast-kurtogram. Energy operator demodulating method is used to demodulate the rebuilt signal to identify the faults frequencies. Energy operator demodulating displays better accuracy and little edge error. The achieved accuracy in the simulation indicates that this proposed transient faults diagnosis method is highly reliable and applicable in early transient faults diagnosis of industrial rotating machinery.
Research of RTCP Function for Five-Axis Machine Tools Based on Low-Cost Embedded CNC System
Authors: Zou Xiang Xiang , Ding Yan Yu , Wang Tai Yong , Sang Zhen , Xu He Nan
Published: May 2016

To solve the problem which current research of RTCP function is limited to high-grade CNC system. Based on limited computational resources of the embedded CNC system, analyzes and modeling calculates RTCP function of CA double swing structure, and points out the offset distance is only related to the chord length corresponding to the arc length that the rotating radius crosses, and obtains the calculation formula of compensation. Finally, gives the implementing flow chart of the RTCP algorithm for low-cost embedded CNC system.
Simulation Study of Motion Control for X-Y Table with a Novel Direct Contour Controller
Authors: Dong Jing Chuan , Wang Tai Yong , Tian Ying , Li Bo , Ding Yan Yu , Liu Zhe
Published: May 2016

Contouring accuracy is important in multi-axis computerized numerical control (CNC) machining. This paper proposed a direct contouring control (DCC) strategy for CNC contouring applications. The DCC implements velocity control in the tangential direction and position control in the normal direction, which is different from conventional axis-based position control schemes. The real-time contouring state monitoring method is introduced to obtain the necessary information for DCC. The motion profile is defined as a velocity-displacement function along the tool path. A new velocity interpolator is proposed to generate the tangential velocity command for DCC. A simulation experiment based on X-Y table model with circular trajectory is conducted to test the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the DCC can achieve high contour accuracy with a simple structure.
The Design and Control of Electromagnetic Actuator for Six-Axis Force Sensor Dynamic Calibration
Authors: Pei Jiu Fang , Xu De Zhang , Zhang Wan
Published: May 2016

In order to calibrate six-axis force sensor dynamic characteristics, double E-type electromagnetic actuator is operated by electric magnets. It is capable of sending sinusoidal excitation signal with variable amplitude and frequency continuously. The theoretical modeling and linearization is established. Repetitive control plus proportion control method is presented. And the stabilization is analyzed by small gain theorem. Simulation results show, compared to PID control method, the proposed method has higher trajectory accuracy, no steady-state error and the slightly smaller bandwidth. It has theoretical and practical value to improve six-axis force sensor dynamic characteristics measurement accuracy.
Optimization Design of Input Location Parameters of Scissor Lift Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yan Chao
Published: May 2016

A method of optimization design of input location parameters is proposed to analyze this problem that stress suffered by arms is big in the lifting process of Scissor Lift Mechanism. On the basis of the established stress model, and through the analysis of maximum stress function in lifting process of SLM, the input location parameters are optimized. Finally, this conclusion and the feasibility of this scheme are validated by analysis of examples.
Improving Contouring Accuracy by Using Gain Matching Method
Authors: Cao Wen Xia , Tian Xiao Qing , Wang Yong Hua
Published: May 2016

Motion axes should coordinate exactly in order to get high contouring accuracy. Gain matching is one of the coordinating problems. In this paper, gain matching effects on contouring accuracy are analyzed for both full-closed and half-closed control loop structures. A simple gain matching model is proposed in order to reduce the contouring error caused by unmatched gains of a multi-axis motion control system. According to this model, the contouring error can be reduced by tuning the proportional gain in the position loop of each axis. Finally, experiments are made to verify the proposed model, and the results show that the gain matching model can effectively reduce the contouring error of both linear and circular trajectory of motion control systems.
An Approach to Generate Three Dimensional Machining Process Model According to Information from Design Model Based on Definition
Authors: Zhang Hong Lei , Liao Wen He , Guo Yu , Yang Wen An
Published: May 2016

Faced with the problem of generation for 3D machining process model, an approach to generate three dimensional machining process model according to information from design model based on definition is proposed. Compared with the existing methods, the approach utilizes multiple information of design model based on definition and takes many phases into consideration of 3D process model generation. The structure of 3D machining process model is defined and the course of 3D process model generation is researched, including multiple information acquirement, generation of procedure geometric models and annotation. Finally, the framework of system and application for 3D machining process model generation are presented for validation purposes.
Particle Motion Simulation and Parameter Optimization Design in Drum Granulation
Authors: Lin Qi , Chen Lu Min
Published: May 2016

Drum granulators are widely used in powder granulation industry, and particles’ sphericity is one of the important indexes of drum granulation quality. To improve the particle sphericity, it is necessary to study the influence of particle size and shape on particles’ motion of both attitude and trajectory in the drum. This paper presents a mixed method of the discrete element simulation, orthogonal design experiment and mathematical statistics to investigate the influencing factors of particle orientation. The study found that there is a certain effect of particle shape, size and the speed of the drum on the particle orientation. According to the range analysis, it can be concluded that the effect of the three factors on the particle orientation is in the order of particle shape > particle size > the speed of the drum. Optimum combination was observed to be particle shape, size, and the speed of the drum are homogeneous ellipsoidal particles, 3 mm and 40 rpm, respectively. The study will facilitate to optimize the granulation process parameters.
Development of NC Machine’s On-Line Inspection Software
Authors: Lin Yan
Published: May 2016

Based on Windows operating system, the software of NC machine’s On-line inspection has been developed, the key technology in software development: Set up the comprehensive error model of the inspection system, probe error treatment technology, communication etc. Utilize this software to turn into the procedure of measuring automatically, and can compensate to probe error, the geometric error and thermal error of the machine, have improved the precision and efficiency.
The Research and the Development of the 3D System Platform of Shafting Parts Based on CAA
Authors: Fang Hui Min , Zhao Gang , Zhang Guo Zheng , Xiao Ping
Published: May 2016

The enterprises when the designer worked with CATIA. In order to improve the efficiency, the research took the shaft parts as the research object to realize the secondary development of CATIA V5R18. The development platform of Shafting parts was set up through the embedded component development environment of CATIA CAA RADE and CAA API and was based on the development platform of VC++. At the end, this paper took the typical parts as examples to introduce the method of system operation. The test results show that this system could realize the rapid design and enhance the design efficiency, and it could provide the experience for the deeper development of CATIA.
Study of Operational Reliability Assessment Method Based on Devices Operating Information
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Hong Jun
Published: May 2016

The equipment operational reliability evaluation is very important for working safely. The traditional reliability evaluation methods couldn’t meet the demands. In order to consider the detection information during the operation from devices, the operational reliability assessment method based on information entropy and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is proposed. First, the equipment operation detected signals’ multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMF) are obtained by using EMD ; then the relative energy of each intrinsic mode functions are calculated and their information entropy are normalized. Finally the operational reliability of equipment operating status can be judged according to the normalization information entropy value. The method is used for a rotor test analysis considering of the degree of injury. The results demonstrated the method effectively, which provided an effective method for assessing the running reliability of mechanical equipment with less sample data.
Defining Method Research of Technological Conflict Based on Petri Net Theory
Authors: Tian Song Ling , Tian Ying , Xiao Xin Hua , Chen Dong Xiang , Wang Tai Yong , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2016

It is an difficult step using technological contradictions definition of Theory of Inventive Problem Resolving (TRIZ). A method for defining technological conflict based on analyzing of conflict relations in Theory of Petri Net was put forward. The technological conflicts were defined by constructing and analyzing Petri Net model of product. It is a technological support to resolve conflict using TRIZ. Such a series of methods and procedures had been used in the Technical-Conflict determination and solution of Ultraviolet Cooking Oil Smoke Purifier, with a better result obtained. It is proved the validity of Theory of Petri Net for product innovation design.
A New Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Priority Design of Column of Vertical Grinding Machine
Authors: Liu Yu Kun , Chen Y.L. , Liu De Shuai , Liu Pu
Published: May 2016

In order to get a reasonable and effective adaptable structure design solution, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to evaluate various schemes synthetically which has adopted the method of data normalization of the grey correlation evaluation method in pre process. Through the integrated calculation, the result of evaluation can be obtained accurately and rapidly from the static and dynamic value of the structures. An example of column of vertical grinding machine improvement design was given to explain the process of evaluation in details. Result of evaluation indicates that this method performs well in operability and practicability and can be used in the practice of product design and development.
Coupled FEM/BEM Method for Noise Prediction of Common and Sandwich Circular Saw Blades
Authors: Yao Tao , Duan G.L. , Wang Ting
Published: May 2016

The paper deals with a noise prediction method for circular saw blades by introduction of FEM and BEM. The mathematical model of noise radiation field of circular saw blade is built firstly. Through the model, the vibration characteristic of circular saw blades within a certain frequency range can be calculated and analyzed based on harmonic response. The distributions of surface vibration velocity at a particular frequency are obtained. The above result files are input into the BEM model, acoustic pressure and radiation efficiency on every node are calculated, the distributions of noise was obtained in the acoustic field. Simultaneously, the effect of sandwich structure on noise is evaluated based on the above co-simulation method. Finally, an experiment is used to test the vibration and radiation noise of common and sandwich circular saw blade. Comparison analysis shows that the simulation results are in good agreement with the data of experiment tests.
Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Structural Topology Optimization of the Plane Grinder
Authors: Peng Rui Tao , Yan Wang , Tang Xin Zi , Zhou Zhuan
Published: May 2016

The dynamic characteristic is one of the important indicators which determine the performance of a machine tool, in this paper, the finite element model of a plane grinder is established with consideration of the behavior of joint, the static dynamic characteristics of machine tools are analyzed to reveal the vibration weak link, the column structure is topology optimized and redesigned based on the variable density degradation method. Static and dynamic characteristics of the original and new column are compared, and the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool before and after modification are discussed. The results indicate that the static and dynamic characteristics of the plane grinder are all improved after optimization.
The Analysis of Longitudinal Impact Response for Variable Cross-Section Rod
Authors: Jiao Xiao Juan , Ma Jian Min
Published: May 2016

s The longitudinal impact between rigid body and variable cross-section elastic rod with fixed boundary condition was studied, the velocity and stress distribution law during 1st impact wave period was derived for the variable cross-section rod, the influence of cross-section change rate on rod response was discussed. Some examples calculations were carried on, It is shown that the cross-section change rate is a significant influencing factor for the velocity and stress distribution in the rod during impact.
Carbon Nanotubes Decorated by Carbon Nanospheres through Hydrocarbon Ion Deposition
Authors: Li Qin Tao , Wang Hong Jun
Published: May 2016

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified by the carbon particles with diameter of 120-180 nm are prepared by using hydrocarbon ion deposition techniques. Based on the investigation of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, the CNTs are decorated by some nanospheres with size of 120-180 nm randomly, and the full CNTs surface besides the area of nanosphere is coated by the graphene stacks with size of 10-15 nm. The nanospheres are composed of several nanoparticles of graphene stacks and are seamless connected with graphene stacks. The sparse distribution CNTs on Si substrate is crucial for the formation of carbon nanospheres. The formation of carbon nanospheres proceeds through the following three stages: the formation of graphene nanoparticle on CNTs surface and silicon substrate – the migration of active hydrocarbon groups towards the surface of the CNTs deposition zone at high temperature – the formation of carbon nanospheres by the aggregating hydrocarbon active groups.