bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
JAK2 Mutation and Its Assessment in Relation to Profile of Young Polycythemia Patients in India
Authors: Bist Ankita , Kandpal Ajay , A. Sumitha , R. Dhanasekaran
Published: July 2022

Purpose The main aim of this study was to detect the presence of JAK2 mutation and its assessment in relation to the clinical, hematological, and mutational profile of young patients with established polycythemia.

Methods Cross-sectional observational study was undertaken over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care center. Sixty patients were included in our study between the age 18 and 50 years with confirmed diagnosis of polycythemia vera. Reports of all the investigations including bone marrow biopsy and JAK2 mutation testing were assessed.

Results Presence of JAK2 mutation V617F was found in 38% patients, while bone marrow panmyelosis was present in 67% patients. Higher mean hemoglobin levels were observed in JAK2 mutation-positive patients, compared with those who were negative. Thrombosis-related complications were observed in five patients, all of whom were JAK2 mutation positive, while out of the 18 patients requiring phlebotomy, 15 patients were JAK2 mutation positive.

Conclusion JAK2 mutation V617F in young Indian population is seen in significantly less cases as compared with Western data, while bone marrow panmyelosis is frequently observed and thus a significant finding for diagnosing polycythemia in our setting. Median hemoglobin was greater for JAK2 mutation-positive cases and so were the phlebotomy requirements and thrombotic events occurrences. Forty-two percent patients had history of some exposure to high-altitude areas adhering to the fact that high altitude is an established risk factor for developing polycythemia and the same is reinforced by our study.
Hydroxocobalamin Treatment and Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale Scores
Authors: Ayça Senem , Dogan Ceren
Published: July 2022

Migraine is a common neurologic disorder in children, especially in adolescents. It can affect the school performance, family, and social daily activities. The Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (PedMIDAS) is commonly used in young patients. This study evaluated vitamin B12 deficiency in children with migraine and the effect of hydroxocobalamin treatment on PedMIDAS scores. The study group comprised patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and diagnosed migraine. The PedMIDAS questionnaire was conducted before and 3 months after hydroxocobalamin treatment. PedMIDAS scores were evaluated and compared before and after hydroxocobalamin treatment. The mean ± standard deviation of vitamin B12 level was 175.9 ± 21.3 pg/mL in children with migraine. The PedMIDAS scores were significantly lower after hydroxocobalamin treatment than before treatment (p < 0.001). These results indicated that hydroxocobalamin made a positive contribution to the mitigation of migraine symptoms in children and that treating vitamin B12 deficiency could be a useful option.
Proximal Row Carpectomy Modifications for Capitate Arthritis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Perry Alexander C. , Wilkes Courtney , Curran Matthew W. T. , Ball Brandon J. , Morhart Michael J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction Proximal row carpectomy (PRC) is a motion-sparing procedure for radiocarpal arthritis with reliable results. Traditionally, proximal capitate arthritis is a contraindication to PRC; however, PRC with modifications are proposed to circumvent this contraindication. PRC modifications can be broadly grouped into capitate resurfacing (CR) and capsular interposition (CI) procedures which could expand PRC indications. Our primary question was to characterize the outcomes achievable with various PRC modifications. Our secondary question was to determine which PRC modification was the optimal procedure when capitate arthritis was present.

Methods A systematic review was conducted to examine the outcomes of modified PRC procedures. Independent reviewers appraised multiple databases for PRC studies with modifications for capitate arthritis in adult patients (age >18 years) with a minimum of three cases and extractable outcomes. Modified PRC procedures included capsular/allograft interposition, resurfacing capitate pyrocarbon implants, and osteochondral grafting. Pertinent outcomes included patient demographics, range-of-motion, grip strength, patient-reported outcomes, and complications, including salvage rates.

Results Overall, 18 studies met the inclusion criteria—10 studies (n = 147) on CI and 8 studies on CR (n = 136). PRC with CI had the greatest flexion–extension arc and grip strength. Complications were marginally higher in the CR group (4%), while the CI group had a higher conversion to total wrist arthrodesis (10%).

Conclusion Techniques to address capitate arthritis center around resurfacing or soft tissue interposition. PRC modifications with CI produces better range-of-motion and grip strength but higher conversion to total wrist arthrodesis. Higher conversion rates may be attributable to longer follow-up periods in studies examining CI compared with CR.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III study.
Update on Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Irwin David
Published: July 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma remains a challenge both in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Due to the lack of a useful screening test and often clinically silent early course, disease stage is often advanced at the time of diagnosis. Surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment option and recurrence rates are high; however, liver transplantation has recently resulted in promising outcomes in certain groups of patients with intrahepatic and perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. For patients in whom surgery is not an option, chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin is the first-line treatment. An array of locoregional management options exists, which includes transarterial embolization, hepatic arterial chemotherapy infusion, ablation, and radiation therapy. High-quality data from randomized controlled trials for these treatments remains limited, however, and additional study is needed.
Addressing the Devil Within: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus—A Narrative Review
Authors: Garg Divyani , Chaudhry Neera
Published: July 2022

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is the most frequently occurring form of hydrocephalus among adults. It is characterized clinically by the classical triad, called Hakim's triad, comprising gait issues, cognitive impairment, and urinary problems. NPH may be primary or idiopathic (iNPH) or secondary. Characteristic neuroimaging features occur, which are vital to diagnosis. Diagnostic criteria in the form of Japanese guideline and Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2005 guidelines have been devised, and broadly, are based on a constellation of clinical and neuroimaging features, in association with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing. CSF tap test, extended lumbar drainage, and CSF infusion tests are invasive diagnostic tests. CSF tap test and extended lumbar drainage are used to demonstrate clinical reversibility with CSF drainage, and patients who demonstrate this are candidates for CSF shunting. However, due to the low negative predictive value of these tests, potential response to shunting cannot be negated among patients who do not respond to CSF drainage. Various shunting procedures are used for treatment, including ventriculoperitoneal, lumboperitoneal, and ventriculoatrial shunts. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has also been attempted with limited success. Among the clinical features, gait abnormalities are most responsive to shunting. Persistent long-term response to shunting has been reported. Patients need to be meticulously followed up after the shunting procedure, to assess clinical and neuroimaging response, and detect possible shunt-related complications, especially CSF over-drainage. Early treatment is associated with better prognosis, and it is crucial to recognize and treat this condition before the development of severe symptoms.
Esthesioneuroblastoma (Olfactory Neuroblastoma): Overview and Extent of Surgical Approach and Skull Base Resection
Authors: Karp Emily E. , Gompel Jamie J. Van , Choby Garret
Published: July 2022

Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare malignancy originating from the olfactory epithelium. Treatment consists of surgical resection with strong consideration for adjuvant treatment in advanced Kadish stage and high Hyams grade. In the modern era, overall outcomes for esthesioneuroblastoma are favorable compared with many other sinonasal malignancies with 5-year overall survival estimated to be 80%. When selecting the optimal surgical approach, the surgeon must consider the approach that will allow for a negative margin resection and adequate reconstruction. In appropriately selected patients, endoscopic outcomes appear at least equivalent to open approaches and unilateral endoscopic approach may be used in select olfactory preservation cases.
Hate speech revisited in Romanian political discourse: from the Legion of the Archangel Michael (1927–1941) to AUR (2020–present day)
Authors: Gheorghiu Oana Celia , Praisler Alexandru
Published: July 2022

Ultra-conservative, ultra-Orthodox, nationalist and xenophobic, advocating “family, nation, Christian faith and liberty”, the party Alianța pentru Uniunea Românilor (henceforth AUR—which translates as “GOLD” in Romanian) [Alliance for the Unity of Romanians] campaigned in an insidious manner, both in social media and in the poorer rural areas of Romania, gathering a momentum that few could foresee in the 2020 elections. It is in the hands of discourse experts to deconstruct such hate speeches and warn both policymakers and the general population against allowing them to proliferate in the public sphere. Accordingly, drawing on the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA), this paper aims to analyse samples of a speech of one of the leaders/ideologists of AUR, comparing them with the inflammatory discourse that paved the way to the Legionaries’ coming to power in 1940.
Impact of fossil fuels and renewable energy consumption on economic growth in Paris Club Countries
Authors: Ozturk Ilhan , Aslan Alper , Ozsolak Baki , Atay Polat Melike , Turan Zubeyir
Published: July 2022

The relationship between economic growth (in terms of GDP) and renewable energy (RE) and nonrenewable energy (NRE) consumption was investigated in 20 countries featured on the Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index list, also known as the Paris Club. The effect of both RE and NRE consumption on economic growth is discussed in the growth model based on the neoclassical production function. Labor and capital, which are important dynamics of growth, are also considered in the model. Granger causality and panel vector autoregression analysis are performed for the period 1991–2016. The results show that neither RE nor NRE consumption has a positive effect on economic growth. In reality, a 1% increase in RE consumption will reduce the GDP growth by 0.14%. For the effect of GDP growth on energy types, if growth increases by 1%, NRE consumption increases by 5.54%. If economic growth increases by 1%, a reduction of 1.73% occurs in RE consumption. In contrast, a causal link between both types of energy to growth has not been determined. There is no statistically significant coefficient of NRE and capital factors on GDP. A mutually positive and statistically significant relationship was determined between labor and growth. According to the results of variance decomposition, the basic dynamic of growth is itself: over a ten-year period, growth was affected by itself by 98%.
Improving effects of low-temperature atmospheric plasma on abdominal surgical site infection induced by ESBL-E. coli in rats
Authors: Wang Qi , Sun Yuan-song , Zhang Si-qi , Ding Yan-Wei , Gao Ming
Published: July 2022

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications of emergency abdominal surgery. With the increase of drug-resistant bacteria, abdominal SSI cannot be effectively controlled by increasing the use of antibiotics. Nonchemical treatment as an alternative to antibiotics for abdominal SSI induced by drug-resistant bacteria is urgently needed. This study is aimed at exploring the effects of low-temperature atmospheric plasma (LTAP) exposure for 30 and 60 s on abdominal SSI in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the in vitro experiment, the culture dishes with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) were exposed to LTAP and the changes in bacterial concentration and structure were observed by bacterial culture counting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In in vivo experiments, we established an abdominal SSI rat model induced by ESBL-E. coli and the infected surgical sites were exposed to LTAP. The infiltration of inflammatory cells, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and the regeneration of fibrous tissue were evaluated by histopathological examination. The in vitro bacterial experiment showed that the concentration of bacteria exposed to LTAP for 30 and 60 s was decreased, and the decline in bacterial concentration in the last 30 s was significantly higher than that in the first 30 s. TEM showed that the bactericidal effect of the LTAP exposure worked by damaging the morphology and intracellular structures of bacteria. In addition, our data suggested that reactive oxygen species are the key mediator of the bactericidal effect, and bacteria exposed to LTAP do not develop resistance to repeated exposure. The pathological results from in vivo experiments revealed that the inflammatory cells infiltrating into the infected site were inhibited. The proliferation of fibroblasts and the regeneration of fibers increased after exposure to LTAP for 30 and 60 s in abdominal SSI. In conclusion, our study indicated that LTAP was effective in wound sterilization, anti-inflammatory action, and healing promotion and holds promise as an alternative to antibiotics for treating abdominal SSIs.
Interference fringe fitting of atom gravimeter based on fitness particle swarm optimization
Authors: Che Hao , Li An , Fang Jie , Chen Xi , Qin Fang-Jun
Published: July 2022

In the atom gravimeter, three Raman pulses are utilized to realize the interference of atom matter waves, and atom interference fringes are obtained by scanning the chirp rate of the Raman laser during the interference time. Previously, fringe data analysis methods used LS (Least Squares) to fit the cosine function of each interference fringe data to minimize the standard deviation between the estimated value and the observed value of each group of fringe data or the EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) method to obtain the estimation of the gravity value. In this paper, we propose a new method applied to the interference fringe fitting of the atom gravimeter, namely, through the FPSO (Fitness Particle Swarm Optimization) method to estimate the parameters of the interference fringe atom and then estimate the gravity value. First, the theoretical analysis and proof are carried out by using simulation data. On this basis, we carried out a gravity measurement experiment in the ship-mounted mooring state, which further verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm. The simulation and experimental results show that, compared with LS and EKF methods, the FPSO method can search the relatively optimal fitting parameters of atom interference fringes quickly and accurately and improve the accuracy and stability of the atom gravimeter measurement. It is feasible and effective to apply the FPSO method to fitting atom interference fringes. The FPSO method proposed in this paper can be used as a new method for fitting atom interference fringes, which provides a new idea and choice for accurate gravity measurement in a dynamic environment.
Molecular dynamics investigation of the vaporization characteristics of n-alkane blended fuels under different ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Yanzhi , Chen Feilong , Jia Ming , He Zhixia , Yi Ping
Published: July 2022

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a powerful tool to reveal the microscopic characteristics of supercritical transitions. However, the accuracy of MD depends strongly on the potential model that describes the interaction forces between atoms. In this study, four commonly used potential models for long-chain n-alkanes in MD simulations are evaluated, and a hybrid model is introduced. The vaporization and phase-transition characteristics of n-alkane blended fuels with different mole fractions are then explored under a wide variety of ambient conditions by using the hybrid model. Compared to the commonly used potentials, the hybrid model shows higher accuracy for predicting the thermodynamic and transport properties. In subcritical environments, vaporization belongs to typical two-phase evaporation with a sharp gas–liquid interface. The preferential evaporation of the light-end component is obvious, and the evaporation rate of the heavy-end component is maximized after the light-end component is consumed. Under supercritical conditions, the interface dissolves rapidly, the evaporation rates for both the light- and heavy-end components increase simultaneously, and both components coexist throughout the evaporation process. Based on the maximum potential energy and evaporation rate, a new criterion for the supercritical transition is proposed. The dimensionless transition time, which reflects the proportion of the sub/supercritical stage within the lifetime, is nearly independent of the ambient temperature and fuel composition; instead, it mainly depends on the ambient pressure. Finally, an empirical formula is obtained by curve-fitting to describe the variation in the dimensionless transition time with ambient pressure.
First instability of the flow past two tandem cylinders with different diameters
Authors: Wang Junguang , Shan Xiangjun , Liu Jian
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional direct stability analysis and numerical simulation are used to identify and characterize the primary instability of the flow around two tandem cylinders with different diameters. The ratio of the diameter d of the upstream cylinder to the diameter D of the downstream cylinder is varied from 1.0 to 0.4, while the distance L from the center of the upstream cylinder to the front stagnation point of the downstream cylinder is varied from 1.0D to 8.0D. Three typical spacings are chosen to describe the different scenarios observed, and the results for each configuration are described in detail. Three different unstable modes are identified, and the structural sensitivity and nonlinear characteristics of each mode are investigated. The results show that when d/D = 0.6 and L/D ≥ 3.5, the migration of the eigenvalues corresponding to the most unstable modes can be observed for a range of Reynolds numbers. This is ultimately shown to be caused by the transition of the unstable mode. At the same time, this mode transition changes the core region of the instability mechanism. Moreover, two different mechanisms that lead to vortex shedding in the gap between the two cylinders and a secondary bifurcation behavior of the flow around the downstream cylinder under a specific configuration are observed. To obtain a more comprehensive view of the first instability, a transient growth analysis of the flow is also performed, and the critical Reynolds number in each case is discussed.
Enhanced acidic gas adsorption performance of arsenene by Pt mediation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoou
Published: July 2022

Based on first-principle calculations, we have theoretically investigated the effect of Pt mediation (doping and embedding) on the adsorption behavior of the arsenene monolayer (As-ML) for several acidic gas molecules (H2S, SO2, and NO2). We find that the shape and orientation of each gas molecule in the most stable adsorption configuration are changeable depending upon the type of substrate used; however, the changing trend for adsorption energy is well correlated with the adsorption distance. The results reveal that Pt-embedded As-ML is more sensitive to all gas molecules than Pt-doped As-ML due to its larger adsorption energy. The gas molecules interact with Pt-embedded As-ML via weak chemical bonds, which induces a significant change in the bandgap of the adsorption system. Charge transfer occurs from the substrate to gas molecules, and the gas molecule acts as an electron acceptor, which will affect the change in the charge carrier concentration, thereby reflecting a change in the electrical conductance of the arsenene system. However, taking into account the feasibility of the desorption process, Pt-doped As-ML is more suitable as an H2S sensor compared to Pt-embedded As-ML. Overall, this work will help to guide scientists to develop fabricating arsenene-based gas sensors in the future.
Simulating wetting phenomenon on curved surfaces based on the weighted-orthogonal multiple-relaxation-time pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Tang Jun , Zhang Shengyuan , Wu Huiying
Published: July 2022

In this work, our recently developed weighted-orthogonal multiple-relaxation-time pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann (PLB) model [J. Tang et al., “Multiphase flow simulation with three-dimensional weighted-orthogonal multiple-relaxation-time pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model,” Phys. Fluids 33, 123305 (2021)] is further extended to simulate the complex wetting phenomenon on curved surfaces at large density ratios (ρl/ρg∼1000), where a new geometrical formulation scheme is proposed to characterize the wettability of the curved boundary. Compared with the existing geometrical formulation schemes, the significant advantage of the new scheme is that the characteristic vector representing the phase interface is no longer needed, and, thus, the complex calculations induced by the characteristic vector are avoided, which significantly simplifies computations and facilitates the implementation of the geometrical formulation scheme on curved boundaries. Meanwhile, it is applicable to both two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) simulations and maintains the feature of setting the contact angle explicitly. Furthermore, the numerical results of four classical wetting phenomenon benchmark cases at large density ratios predicted by the present model agree well with the analytical solutions, numerical results, or experimental results in the literature. It exhibits the capability of the present model coupled with the proposed scheme to simulate the wetting phenomenon involving curved surfaces with good numerical accuracy. Note that, to the author's knowledge, this is the first time that the geometrical formulation scheme has been successfully adopted in the 3D PLB model to simulate the wetting phenomenon on curved surfaces. We believe that this work lays the foundation for further application of the PLB model to the complex wetting phenomenon.
Mineral biofortification and metal/metalloid accumulation in food crops: recent research and trends (Part III)
Authors: Hussain Shahid
Published: July 2022

This is the third and the last part of the special issue on Mineral Biofortification and Metal/Metalloid Accumulation in Food Crops. A brief description of the research articles included in this part of the special issue is provided.
Combining multiple methods for automated soil delineation: from traditional to digital
Authors: Mello Fellipe A. O. , Demattê José A. M. , Dotto André C. , Marques Karina P. P. , Mello Danilo C. , Menezes Michele D. , Silva Sérgio H. G. , Curi Nilton
Published: July 2022

Context Soil maps are a fundamental tool for agriculture development and for land management planning. Digital soil mapping (DSM) consists of a group of techniques based on geotechnologies and statistics/geostatistics that helps soil specialists to map soil types and properties. Aims Four DSM strategies were applied in south-east Brazil. The goal was to visually delineate soil polygons with support of different strategies. Methods The delineation started with aerial photographs, followed by a bare soil image composition. Afterwards, it was added layers with landscape characterisation derived from digital terrain covariates and clustering analysis. Finally, digital clay content map from A and B horizons were used to produce a soil texture gradient raster (clay content increasing in depth). Key results The increasing number of polygons proved that the addition of covariates increased the detail level of the soil map, enhancing visualisation of the landscape variation, resulting on a map that substantially improved both national and state soil inventories. Conclusions We concluded that combining simple geotechnological tools might be of great utility for increasing detailed soil information proper for farmers and decision making. Implications Therefore, new soil information will be available for end users, supporting land management, food production sustainability, and soil conservation.
A novel transposable element-mediated mechanism causes antiviral resistance in
Drosophila
through truncating the Veneno protein
Authors: Brosh Osama , Fabian Daniel K. , Cogni Rodrigo , Tolosana Ignacio , Day Jonathan P. , Olivieri Francesca , Merckx Manon , Akilli Nazli , Szkuta Piotr , Jiggins Francis M.
Published: July 2022

Hosts are continually selected to evolve new defenses against an ever-changing array of pathogens. To understand this process, we examined the genetic basis of resistance to the
Drosophila
A virus in
Drosophila melanogaster.
In a natural population, we identified a polymorphic transposable element (TE) insertion that was associated with an ∼19,000-fold reduction in viral titers, allowing flies to largely escape the harmful effects of infection by this virulent pathogen. The insertion occurs in the protein-coding sequence of the gene
Veneno,
which encodes a Tudor domain protein. By mutating
Veneno
with CRISPR-Cas9 in flies and expressing it in cultured cells, we show that the ancestral allele of the gene has no effect on viral replication. Instead, the TE insertion is a gain-of-function mutation that creates a gene encoding a novel resistance factor. Viral titers remained reduced when we deleted the TE sequence from the transcript, indicating that resistance results from the TE truncating the Veneno protein. This is a novel mechanism of virus resistance and a new way by which TEs can contribute to adaptation.
Civilian national service programs can powerfully increase youth voter turnout
Authors: Mo Cecilia Hyunjung , Holbein John B. , Elder Elizabeth Mitchell
Published: July 2022

Low rates of youth voting are a feature of contemporary democracies the world over, with the United States having some of the lowest youth turnout rates in the world. However, far too little is known about how to address the dismal rates of youth voter participation found in many advanced democracies. In this paper, we examine the causal effect of a potentially scalable solution that has attracted renewed interest today: voluntary national service programs targeted at the youth civilian population. Leveraging the large pool of young people who apply each year to participate in the Teach For America (TFA) program—a prominent voluntary national service organization in the United States that integrates college graduates into teaching roles in low-income communities for 2 y—we examine the effect of service participation on voter turnout. To do so, we match TFA administrative records to large-scale nationwide voter files and employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design around the recommended admittance cutoff for the TFA program. We find that serving as a teacher in the Teach For America national service program has a large effect on civic participation—substantially increasing voter turnout rates among applicants admitted to the program. This effect is noticeably larger than that of previous efforts to increase youth turnout. Our results suggest that civilian national service programs targeted at young people have great promise in helping to narrow the stubborn and enduring political engagement gap between younger and older citizens.
Structure of PLA2R reveals presentation of the dominant membranous nephropathy epitope and an immunogenic patch
Authors: Fresquet Maryline , Lockhart-Cairns Michael P. , Rhoden Samuel J. , Jowitt Thomas A. , Briggs David C. , Baldock Clair , Brenchley Paul E. , Lennon Rachel
Published: July 2022

Membranous nephropathy is an autoimmune kidney disease caused by autoantibodies targeting antigens present on glomerular podocytes, instigating a cascade leading to glomerular injury. The most prevalent circulating autoantibodies in membranous nephropathy are against phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), a cell surface receptor. The dominant epitope in PLA2R is located within the cysteine-rich domain, yet high-resolution structure-based mapping is lacking. In this study, we define the key nonredundant amino acids in the dominant epitope of PLA2R involved in autoantibody binding. We further describe two essential regions within the dominant epitope and spacer requirements for a synthetic peptide of the epitope for drug discovery. In addition, using cryo-electron microscopy, we have determined the high-resolution structure of PLA2R to 3.4 Å resolution, which shows that the dominant epitope and key residues within the cysteine-rich domain are accessible at the cell surface. In addition, the structure of PLA2R not only suggests a different orientation of domains but also implicates a unique immunogenic signature in PLA2R responsible for inducing autoantibody formation and recognition.
Videogame localisation, spelling errors and player reception
Authors: Deckert Mikołaj , Hejduk Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

Positioned against the backdrop of the booming videogame industry, the study sheds light on the relationship
between player experience and localisation. The experimental manipulation involved spelling errors serving as a proxy to examine
how much reception is reshaped by specific characteristics of the target version. The findings indicate that deficient spelling
has no traceable effect on player cognitive load, enjoyment or comprehension. From a complementary perspective, while the author
of the target version with typos is deemed less diligent than the one in the typo-free condition, they are not perceived as less
experienced or less likely to be considered to be a professional translator. On the other hand, spelling errors result in lower
translation quality estimations. The discussion is supplemented by results on typo identification and related to findings from
film reception.
A comparative study on the physical properties of a fluoro rubber complex
Authors: Park Jeongbae , Lee Beomcheol , Kim Hong Jip
Published: July 2022

This study presents an accelerated life prediction of the special fluoro rubber under various ageing temperatures. It was predicted by evaluating the changes in physical properties under accelerated ageing time at 150°C, 175°C, and 200°C and the corresponding change in physical properties at 80°C. The present study shows the activation energy of 29,730 kcal mol−1 and the reaction constant of 23.673 from tensile strength and 12,227 kcal mol−1 and 6.044 from elongation. Comparing the predicted weight and volume change rate from tensile strength and those from elongation, respectively at 80°C, the predicted ones of tensile strength tended to be more alike the actual results.
Coulomb effects on time-trajectory-resolved high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Xie Xuejiao , Xu Ruihua , Zhang Fabin , Yu Shujuan , Liu Xun , Li Wei , Chen Yanjun
Published: July 2022

We studied the effects of Coulomb potential on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) numerically and analytically. We focus on the influence of Coulomb potential on emission times of HHG associated with specific electron trajectories. By using a numerical procedure based on a numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in three dimensions, we extract the HHG emission times both for long and short electron trajectories. We compare the TDSE predictions with those of a Coulomb-modified model arising from strong-field approximation (SFA). We show that the Coulomb effect induces earlier HHG emission times than those predicted by the general SFA model without considering the Coulomb potential. In particular, this effect influences long and short electron trajectories differently and is more remarkable for low-energy harmonics than high ones. It also changes the HHG amplitudes for long and short electron trajectories. We validate our discussions with diverse laser parameters and forms of Coulomb potential. Our results strongly support a four-step model of HHG.
Dynamic opto-electro-thermal characterization of solid state lighting devices: measuring the power conversion efficiency at high current densities
Authors: Azarifar Mohammad , Cengiz Ceren , Arik Mehmet
Published: July 2022

Solid state lighting devices with high power densities require accurate characterization, as the rise of chip temperature impacts its optical, electrical, and lifetime characteristics. A detailed experimental study is performed in order to analyze opto-electro-thermal behavior as new high-power devices like laser diodes (LDs) are becoming of interest. The outline of this article was inspired by two major issues identified in previous experimental approaches. First, there is some debate in the literature about the linearity of the temperature coefficient of the forward voltage. Second, there is a limited number of experimental reports on the temperature dependence of power conversion efficiency. We have shown that prior variations are the result of a diversity in the selection of electrical parameters during thermal calibrations, as both linear and non-linear relationships for temperature coefficient of voltage can be obtained. On the other hand, it was discovered that report scarcity for temperature-dependent studies can be related to the use of passive approaches for temperature-dependent measurements. In temperature-controlled environments, short pulses with high current densities may not ensure the thermal equilibrium of the device under test due to small thermal capacitance. This issue, as well as the lengthy process of passive measurements can be addressed by implementing a dynamic measurement method presented in this study. Finally, linear power conversion efficiency trends with junction temperature are demonstrated for both blue light emitting diodes and LDs at high current densities.
On-wire bandgap engineering via a magnetic-pulled CVD approach and optoelectronic applications of one-dimensional nanostructures
Authors: Shen Xia , Li Pu , Guo Pengfei , Yu Kin Man
Published: July 2022

Since the emergence of one-dimensional nanostructures, in particular the bandgap-graded semiconductor nanowires/ribbons or heterostructures, lots of attentions have been devoted to unraveling their intriguing properties and finding applications for future developments in optical communications and integrated optoelectronic devices. In particular, the ability to modulate the bandgap along a single nanostructure greatly enhances their functionalities in optoelectronics, and hence these studies are essential to pave the way for future high-integrated devices and circuits. Herein, we focus on a brief review on recent advances about the synthesis through a magnetic-pulled chemical vapor deposition approach, crystal structure and the unique optical and electronic properties of on-nanostructures semiconductors, including axial nanowire heterostructures, asymmetrical/symmetric bandgap gradient nanowires, lateral heterostructure nanoribbons, lateral bandgap graded ribbons. Moreover, recent developments in applications using low-dimensional bandgap modulated structures, especially in bandgap-graded nanowires and heterostructures, are summarized, including multicolor lasers, waveguides, white-light sources, photodetectors, and spectrometers, where the main strategies and unique features are addressed. Finally, future outlook and perspectives for the current challenges and the future opportunities of one-dimensional nanostructures with bandgap engineering are discussed to provide a roadmap future development in the field.
Tunable Schottky barrier in Janus-XGa2
Y/Graphene (X/Y = S, Se, Te; X ≠ Y) van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Guo Hao , Lang Xiufeng , Tian Xiaobao , Jiang Wentao , Wang Guangzhao
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) Janus materials have attracted significant attention due to their asymmetrical structures and unique electronic properties. In this work, by using the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory, we systematically investigate the electronic properties of 6 types of Janus-XGa2
Y/Graphene van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). The results show that the Janus-XGa2
Y/Graphene vdWHs are connected by weak interlayer vdW forces and can form n-type Schottky contact, p-type Schottky contact or Ohmic contact when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is not considered. However, when considering SOC, only the SeGa2S/G and G/SeGa2S vdWHs show n-type Schottky contact, and other vdWHs show Ohmic contacts. In addition, the Schottky barriers and contact types of SeGa2S/Graphene and Graphene/SeGa2S vdWHs can be effectively modulated by interlayer distance and biaxial strain. They can be transformed from intrinsic n-type Schottky contact to p-type Schottky contact when the interlayer distances are smaller than 2.65 Å and 2.90 Å, respectively. They can also be transformed to Ohmic contact by applying external biaxial strain. Our work can provide useful guidelines for designing Schottky nanodiodes, field effect transistors or other low-resistance nanodevices based on the 2D vdWHs.
Direct observation of carrier migration in heterojunctions to discuss the p–n and direct Z-scheme heterojunctions
Authors: Yang Li , Zhou Jian-Ping , Chen Qi-Wen , Yang Hong-Dan
Published: July 2022

Type II p–n heterojunction and direct Z-scheme heterojunction are identical staggered band alignments, but were reported ambiguously in many composite photocatalysts because their carriers migrate in opposite directions. In this research, metal oxides CuO, NiO and Co3O4-based heterojunctions with Na0.9Mg0.45Ti3.55O8 (NMTO) were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The CuO/NMTO heterojunction was demonstrated as a direct Z-scheme heterojunction, whereas the NiO/NMTO and Co3O4/NMTO heterojunctions showed type II p–n band alignment, distinguished by the direct observation of carrier migration under light illumination, and confirmed by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky measurements, ultraviolet photoelectron spectra and capture experiments. These all heterojunctions enjoyed better photocatalytic performance to degrade methylene blue and antibiotics (Enrofloxacin, Metronidazole and tetracycline) than the pure NMTO, attributed to their effective separation of the photoinduced electron–hole pairs owing to the staggered band alignment. Prominently, the NiO/NMTO and Co3O4/NMTO p–n heterojunctions exhibited superior degradation ability to the CuO/NMTO Z-scheme heterojunction. The initial relative Fermi position of two semiconductors is the prerequisite to determine whether the p–n heterojunction or direct Z-scheme heterojunction is built because the electrons diffuse from one semiconductor with a higher Fermi level to another with a lower Fermi level while the holes diffuse reversely until a united Fermi level when they combine. The built-in electric field at the heterojunction interface is determined by the difference in the initial Fermi levels or work functions of two semiconductors, regulating the separation ability of photogenerated electrons and holes to affect the photocatalytic performance. Thus, the high difference in the initial Fermi levels of semiconductors is crucial in the development of heterojunctions with staggered band alignment to obtain high performance in photocatalytic reactions.
Gas adsorption effects of monolayer GeSe in terms of anisotropic transport properties
Authors: Guo Caixia , Wang Chenghao , Wang Tianxing , Liu Yufang
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional layered semiconducting material germanium selenide (GeSe) has attracted significant attention due to its environmental friendship, anisotropic electronic structures, and strong air-stability. To evaluate the candidacy of monolayer GeSe as a potential gas sensing material, the adsorption characteristics of various small gas molecules on monolayer GeSe are comprehensively studied combining density functional theory calculations and non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. The charge transfer reaction between gas molecules and monolayer GeSe leads to the marked change of the carrier density, which further affects the anisotropic transport characteristics of monolayer GeSe. The calculated band structures and I–V curves reveal distinctive responses of monolayer GeSe to the different gas molecules, and higher sensitivity of the monolayer GeSe in presence of SO2, NH3, NO2 gas molecules along the zigzag direction is obtained. These results suggest that monolayer GeSe along the zigzag direction has promising application in gas detector.
Conditioning problems for invariant sets of expanding piecewise affine mappings: application to loss of ergodicity in globally coupled maps
Authors: Fernandez Bastien , Sélley Fanni M
Published: July 2022

We propose a systematic approach to the construction of invariant union of polytopes (IUP) in expanding piecewise affine mappings whose linear components are isotropic scalings. The approach relies on using empirical information embedded in trajectories in order to infer, and then to solve, a so-called conditioning problem for some generating collection of polytopes. A conditioning problem consists of a series of requirements on the polytopes’ localisation and on the dynamical transitions between these elements. The core element of the approach is a reformulation of the problem as a set of piecewise linear inequalities for some matrices which encapsulate geometric constraints. In that way, the original topological puzzle is converted into a standard problem in computational geometry. This transformation involves an optimisation procedure that ensures that both problems are equivalent. As a proof of concept, the approach is applied to the study of the loss of ergodicity in basic examples of globally coupled maps. The study explains, completes and substantially extends previous achievements about asymmetric IUP in these systems. Comparison with the numerics reveals sharp existence conditions depending on the map parameters, and accurate fits of the empirical ergodic components. In addition, this application also reveals unanticipated features about conditioning problem solutions, especially as the dependence on the set of admissible face directions is concerned.
Equidistribution for measures defined by digit restrictions
Authors: Xiong Ying , Zhao Jiuzhou
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we study the pointwise equidistribution properties of measures μ

p

defined by digit restrictions on the b-adic expansion, where b ⩾ 2 is an integer. We prove that, if a sequence

(

α

n

)

n
⩾
1

satisfies a certain b-adic diversity condition, then the sequence

(

α

n

x

)

n
⩾
1

is uniformly distributed modulo one for μ

p

-a.e. x. We also find some sufficient conditions to ensure the b-adic diversity. Moreover, we apply these results to establish the b-adic diversity for the sequences that can be written as certain combination of polynomial and exponential functions.
Experimental investigation and modeling of the temperature memory effect in a 4D-printed auxetic structure
Authors: Pasini Chiara , Inverardi Nicoletta , Battini Davide , Scalet Giulia , Marconi Stefania , Auricchio Ferdinando , Pandini Stefano
Published: July 2022

4D printing is an innovative manufacturing approach that combines 3D printing and stimuli- responsive abilities to produce objects with complex geometry and capable of shapeshifting over time (the fourth dimension). To pursue such an approach this paper proposes to develop re-entrant honeycomb auxetic grids with tunable shape reconfigurable behavior. Particularly, the work combines 3D printing and a photopolymer exhibiting the so-called temperature memory effect (TME), a peculiar shape memory behavior expressing the capability of the material to remember not only the original shape but also the deformation temperature. A thorough experimental activity was carried out on single auxetic unit cells, chosen as representative of the whole auxetic grid, to properly highlight and assess their response upon heating after single-step and multiple-step deformation histories and to describe the recovery process as a function of time and temperature. Results demonstrate the possibility to achieve an easily controlled TME and to successfully exploit it for autonomous, complex hierarchical transformations over a large range of temperatures. As a proof-of-concept, the study of the sequential recovery of an entire auxetic grid subjected to double-step programming allowed highlighting a decoupled in-plane elongation and out-of-plane bending. The behavior of the 4D-printed auxetic structures was simulated by means of finite element (FE) analysis, using a thermoviscoelastic model of the photopolymer and viscoelastic experimental data obtained by time-temperature superposition analysis applied to multifrequency dynamic mechanical tests and to isothermal recovery tests. A good correspondence between experiments and simulations was obtained for all shape memory tests, demonstrating that the proposed FE approach is a suitable tool to support the design of these structures. The combination of 3D printing and TME opens new perspectives to achieve dynamic tunability in mechanical metamaterials, that is a key ingredient in several application fields.
Phantoms and strange attractors in cosmology
Authors: Russo Jorge G.
Published: July 2022

We study a cosmological model of gravity coupled to three, self-interacting scalar fields, one of them with negative kinetic term.
The theory has cosmological solutions described by three-dimensional quadratic autonomous equations.
Remarkably, the dynamical system has strange attractors, which are in fact very similar to the classic Lorenz attractor.
The associated chaotic cosmologies exhibit highly fluctuating periods of contraction and expansion, alternating with long, steady periods in a de Sitter-like phase.
Characteristics of fish crackers mackarel (Euthynnus affinis) with edible film surimi as packaging
Authors: Saputra Eka , Andriyono Sapto , Isroni Wahyu
Published: July 2022

Products made from fishery products are easy to decline in quality, for that a coating is needed that is able to improve the quality of the resulting product. Edible film from surimi which is used as a coating on nugget products is able to maintain the quality of fish crackers as seen from the value of water content, protein content, fat content, ash content.
Risk analysis of catfish cultivation (Pangasius hypophthalmus) business in Gondosuli Village, Gondang, Tulungagung
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi , Abdillah Kartika Intan , Primyastanto Mimit
Published: July 2022

The catfish farming business is an activity that offers the opportunity to earn large profits, but it also has the potential for business risks. The aims of this research is to ascertain the characteristics of catfish business farmers and to analyze the level of production risk. This research was carried out in Pokdakan Mina Jaya and Mina Baru Gondosuli Village, Gondang, Tulungagung. The research location was chosen purposively and the sample method used was snowball sampling. The data analysis method used analysis of income and analysis of risk. The results showed that the profit of the catfish farming on each planting season was IDR 81.631.322. The production risk and income risk analysis showed that the coefficient of variance was CV < 0,5. The lower limit of production risk and income risk was L > 0. Then, based on the value of coefficient variance‘s production and income showed that there was a little of risk catfish cultivation production faced by farmers. The relation between the coefficient of variance (CV) and the lower limit (L) of production risk and income risk represent that the catfish cultivation do not suffer from production risk due to small production risks.