bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A produção textual na Universidade Brasileira e a construção do sentido: contradições acadêmicas e soluções possíveis
Authors: Oliveira Elizabeth Antonia de
Published: March 2020

A nossa vivência acadêmica vem confirmando um problema muito falado, mas pouco estudado: o fato de um número significativo de estudantes brasileiros chegarem à Universidade sem terem bom domínio, na lida com a escrita, do uso e dos movimentos que fazem com alguns recursos lógicos e retóricos. Clássicos da argumentação, principalmente Aristóteles, sustentam que o discurso se encaixa em dois paradigmas: um primário e outro secundário. Logo, tendo em vista suas peculiaridades, o discurso acadêmico deveria estar colocado no segundo paradigma. Isso mostra que a construção do texto científico não é um processo simples. Como solução para o problema, propomos uma Pedagogia mais retórica, se assim podemos dizer, que, para trabalhar a escrita, priorize o treino.
A uma garfada da felicidade: a gula e o pecado em a festa de Babette
Authors: Bácsfalusi Camila Moreira
Published: March 2020

Quando a comida sai da cozinha e é colocada na literatura, no cinema, e nas artes em geral, pode ser envolvida de uma forma ampla, alcançando seus significados culturais, religiosos, sociais e económicos. O artigo aborda a temática alimentar inserida no cinema e o seu papel como recurso narrativo ou elemento narrativo principal. O objetivo foi analisar o filme A Festa de Babette, dirigido por Gabriel Axel, em 1987, relacionado com a gula e o pecado. A metodologia seguida compreendeu a análise fílmica de A Festa de Babette e pesquisas bibliográficas.
O Processo de Incubação Auxilia no Desenvolvimento das Capacidades Adaptativa, Absortiva e Inovativa? Estudos de Casos Múltiplos na Região do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba
Authors: Borges Marcílio Ribeiro , Bueno Janaína Maria
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a atuação de incubadoras de empresas da região do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba-MG, junto às empresas incubadas, no suporte oferecido na forma de acesso a recursos e capacidades que auxiliem no desenvolvimento das capacidades adaptativa, absortiva e inovativa pelas empresas incubadas, na perspectiva da hierarquia das capacidades dinâmicas (Wang, & Ahmed, 2007).Método: Com abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritiva, foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos com 3 incubadoras da região estudada e 23 de suas empresas incubadas.Originalidade/Relevância: Para as microempresas, a posse de informações, estratégias, tecnologias e recursos não contribui, necessariamente, para a geração de vantagem competitiva. Neste sentido, o apoio das incubadoras de empresas de base tecnológica deve auxiliar a geração de vantagens competitivas e estimular a consolidação dessas vantagens nas empresas incubadas. Como boa parte das incubadoras de empresas, aceleradoras e parques tecnológicos é custeada direta ou indiretamente pelo poder público (Anprotec, 2017), é importante a validação dos resultados e efetividade de tais investimentos na promoção da cultura de inovação, geração de emprego e renda que os novos negócios oferecem para a sociedade.Resultados: Os resultados indicam que houve o desenvolvimento das capacidades adaptativa, absortiva e inovativa pelas empresas incubadas por causa, principalmente, da promoção de um ambiente de inovação, do conhecimento e experiência de seus gestores e consultores (acompanhamento/mentoria), da rede de relacionamentos para acessar informação, do conhecimento e identificação de oportunidades, e da imagem positiva das incubadoras.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Esses achados contribuem para o avanço dos estudos sobre a importância das relações interorganizacionais como propulsoras do desenvolvimento das capacidades dinâmicas, bem como na discussão sobre os resultados das ações das incubadoras junto às empresas incubadas. Sugere-se, assim, que a Anprotec considere esta abordagem teórica no seu método Cerne para incorporar a criação de indicadores sobre capacidade adaptativa, absortiva e inovativa dos empreendimentos desenvolvidos a partir de processos e práticas-chave adotados.
Genetic parameters of growth and quality traits in open-pollinated silver birch progeny tests
Authors: Gailis Arnis , Zeltiņš Pauls , Purviņš Andis , Augustovs Juris , Vīndedzis Valts , Zariņa Inga , Jansons Āris
Published: March 2020

Genetic parameters of growth and stem quality traits were estimated for open-pollinated silver birch Roth progenies in Latvia at the age of 10 and 14 years. Tree height and stem volume were found to be under strong genetic control at both inventories (narrow-sense heritabilities varied from 0.41 to 0.66). Mainly low heritabilities were found for stem defects, yet genetic control of branch diameter, stem straightness and overall stem quality varied from low to high depending on study site. High additive genetic coefficient of variation was found for stem volume (25.3â32.5%). Genetic correlations among growth traits were strong and positive (0.90â0.99). Mainly weak genetic correlations between growth and quality traits implied simultaneous improvement. Still, strong negative correlations between branch angle and stem straightness might result in enlarged knot size for straighter logs. The genetic age-age correlations were strong. Weak genotype by environment interaction and stability of best genotypes over different sites was indicated by strong genetic correlations between trials. Each growth or quality trait alone showed substantial improvement in terms of estimated genetic gain (up to 62% over trial mean for stem volume). Therefore, selection index combining both growth and stem quality may be developed.Betula pendula
Auricularia Polytricha (Mushroom) Regulates Testicular DNA Expression and Oxidative Stress Markers of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rat
Authors: Abang Agbor Cyril , G. E Anyanwu
Published: March 2020

Local Nigerian men have been using AuriculariaPolytricha as a treatment for sexual dysfunction without supporting evidence from scientific experiments. This study was to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of A. Polytricha on testicular DNA expression and some oxidative stress markers using STZ-Induced diabetic rats as a model. The experiment included six groups, Group A (Normal Control, treated with normal saline), Group B (treated with 65mg/kg.bw of STZ), Groups C, D, and E (treated with 250mg/kg.bw, 500mg/kg.bw, 1000mg/kg.bw AP after inducing diabetics), and Group F (treated with 40mg/kg.bw metformin after inducing diabetics). The experiment lasted for 35 days. After termination of the experiment, Fuelgen nuclear reaction was used for DNA demonstration to assess testicular DNA distribution while serum Superoxide Dimutase (SOD), Catalase and Melondialdehyde where evaluated using reagent based antioxidant enzyme assay. Results reveals that SOD and Melondialdehyde activities were remarkably (p<0.05) higher in diabetic control animals when compared with the normal control group. Values in Groups C, D and F that were administered with 250, 500mg/kg.bw A. polytricha and metformin respectively were also significantly (p<0.05) increased when compared with the normal control group. However, diabetic animals placed on 1000mg/kg.bw A. polytrichadid not show any statistical significance in comparison with normal control group but was remarkably (p<0.01) decreased when compared to the diabetic group that received low dose A. polytricha, an indication that the reversal is dose dependent. Catalase concentration in diabetic control animals was remarkably (p<0.05) higher when compared to the normal control but was not significantly (p<0.05) different in groups D (DM+500mg/kg.bw A. polytricha) and E (DM+1000mg/kg.bw A. polytricha) when compared with the normal control group. Diabetic control animals showed reduced magenta colour intensity of DNA and increased clustering and cross linking of DNA strands when compared with the normal control. However the degree of cross link in DNA strands was reduced in the diabetic animals placed on 1000mg/kg.bw A. polytrichawhen compared with the diabetic control group. Reversal in DNA damage and values of serum oxidative stress markers following administration of graded doses of A. polytricha could be attributed to essential phytochemical and therapeutic constituents in A. polytricha like polyphenol and flavonoid which can be found useful in prevention and treatment of diabetes induced testicular dysfunction. In summary, AP can contribute to a reversal in DNA damage and levels of serum oxidative stress markers in treating diabetes-induced testicular dysfunction.
The Impact of the Policy-Practice Gap on Costs and Benefits of Barrett's Esophagus Management
Authors: Omidvari Amir-Houshang , Roumans Carlijn A.M. , Naber Steffie K. , Kroep Sonja , Wijnhoven Bas P.L. , Gaast Ate van der , de Jonge Pieter-Jan , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Clinical guidelines recommend surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). However, the surveillance intervals in practice are shorter than policy recommendations. We aimed to determine how this policy-practice gap affects the costs and benefits of BE surveillance.

METHODS:

We used the Netherlands as an exemplary Western country and simulated a cohort of 60-year-old patients with BE using the Microsimulation Screening Analysis model-esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) microsimulation model. We evaluated surveillance according to the Dutch guideline and more intensive surveillance of patients without dysplastic BE and low-grade dysplasia. For each strategy, we computed the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and costs compared with no surveillance. We also performed a budget impact analysis to estimate the increased costs of BE management in the Netherlands for 2017.

RESULTS:

Compared with no surveillance, the Dutch guideline incurred an additional €5.0 ($5.7) million per 1,000 patients with BE for surveillance and treatment, whereas 57 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cases (>T1a) were prevented. With intensive and very intensive surveillance strategies for both nondysplastic BE and low-grade dysplasia, the net costs increased by another €2.5–5.6 ($2.8–6.5) million while preventing 10–19 more EAC cases and gaining 33–60 more QALYs. On a population level, this amounted to €21–47 ($24–54) million (+32%–70%) higher healthcare costs in 2017.

DISCUSSION:

The policy-practice gap in BE surveillance intervals results in 50%–114% higher net costs for BE management for only 10%–18% increase in QALYs gained, depending on actual intensity of surveillance. Incentives to eliminate this policy-practice gap should be developed to reduce the burden of BE management on patients and healthcare resources.
Eosinophilic Enterocolitis: Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Kothari Shana , Elkhatib Imad
Published: March 2020

Eosinophilic enterocolitis is a rare condition representing the least frequent manifestation of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. We report a 49-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and intractable vomiting for 2 weeks. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated gastric wall thickening with mural wall thickening of the small intestine and colon. Endoscopy revealed gastric outlet obstruction because of luminal stenosis from duodenal edema. Peripheral eosinophilia, endoscopic mucosal biopsies, and exclusion of differential diagnoses confirmed eosinophilic enterocolitis. The patient was successfully treated with a 4-week prednisone taper.
Behcet's Disease With Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Challenges in Its Management
Authors: Vuyyuru Sudheer K. , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Shalimar
Published: March 2020

Budd-Chiari syndrome may rarely occur as a complication of Behcet's disease, and presentation with thrombosis of both inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins is rarer still. We present a young woman with Behcet's disease who presented with acute Budd-Chiari syndrome, with thrombosis of IVC and all 3 hepatic veins. An IVC stent was placed, followed by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt through the IVC stent. On follow-up, despite oral anticoagulants and oral steroids, she developed recurrent thrombosis twice within a 1-year span. Her symptoms resolved with stent revision and increasing immunosuppression.
Microforceps in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Bronchogenic Cyst Under Endoscopic Ultrasound Guidance
Authors: Kouanda Abdul , Umetsu Sarah , Dai Sun-Chuan
Published: March 2020

Bronchogenic cysts belong in the category of foregut duplication cysts, along with esophageal and neuroenteric duplication cysts. They are often found incidentally on cross-sectional imaging. Although they are benign, patients often undergo surgical resection because of diagnostic uncertainties. We report the first case of bronchogenic cyst diagnosed with the microforceps, after previous nondiagnostic fine-needle aspirations, thus allowing the patient to avoid surgery.
Thermal Imaging and Physiological Analysis of Cold-Climate Caribou-Skin Clothing
Authors: Hill Richard W. , Tattersall Glenn J. , Campbell Kevin L. , Reinfort Breanne , Breit Ana M. , Riewe Rick R. , Humphries Murray M.
Published: March 2020

Protective clothing is essential for human existence in the Arctic, and caribou-skin clothing has played a pivotal role for millennia. Although people with northern experience often extol caribou-skin clothing, few scientific studies have investigated its properties. We used infrared thermal imaging in a pilot study to compare authentic caribou-skin clothing sewn by traditional Inuit seamstresses with two other types of cold-weather clothing: a standard-issue, Canadian army, winter uniform and an ensemble of modern retail clothing designed for extreme cold (a down anorak and snowmobile pants). To make the comparison, two subjects sequentially wore the three types of clothing—caribou skin, army uniform, and modern retail—in a still air, uniform thermal environment (where radiant temperatures of all environmental surfaces were equal to air temperature) at −21°C to −23°C (−6°F to −10°F). Thermal imaging quantifies the temperature of the outer surface of clothing, thereby providing key, functionally relevant information on the interface where clothing and environment meet. Under otherwise similar conditions, a low clothing surface temperature indicates superior clothing performance and a reduced rate of heat loss from the body to the environment. Caribou-skin clothing was similar to modern extreme-cold retail clothing: the whole-body composite surface temperature of our subjects wearing caribou-skin clothing was −22.1°C to −22.7°C, compared with −21.6°C in both subjects wearing the modern retail clothing. The army winter uniform (−18.9°C to −20.0°C) was inferior. These quantitative results were mirrored by the subjects’ subjective impressions. A particular advantage of thermal imaging is that it pinpoints locations in clothing where heat leaks occur. Although the two types of modern clothing exhibited heat leaks at zippered structures (even though fully closed), the caribou-skin clothing evaded such heat leaks by lacking such structures, because it is donned over the head. The integral hood characteristic of a caribou-skin parka was also superior in comparison to the detachable hood of the army uniform.
Образ благополучия в нарративах жителей Дальнего Востока: результаты исследовательского проекта
Authors: Костина Елена Юрьевна , Орлова Надежда Александровна , Панфилова Анна Олеговна
Published: March 2020

Статья посвящена анализу субъективных представлений о благополучии, основанных на результатах серии интервью с респондентами — жителями Приморского края. Посредством обобщения качественных данных и контент-анализа формулируются содержательные и функциональные характеристики представлений респондентов на заданную тему. Участникам предлагалось дать характеристику своего видения благополучия и его практического смысла, поразмышлять об его источниках, описать обратное явление неблагополучия. По итогам работы с качественными данными показано, что субъективно представления о благополучии у респондентов в большей степени соотносятся с терминальными ценностями; понятийные ассоциации и оценочные суждения также имеют ценностный характер. Наиболее значимая роль в достижении благополучия отводится личной активности и мотивированности на достижение важных жизненных целей.
Визуальная репрезентация образа «счастье» как способ исследования социокультурного архетипа
Authors: Абрамова Мария Алексеевна
Published: March 2020

Концепт «счастье» трактуется индивидуально каждым человеком, но в то же время является культурно обусловленным и имеет признаки социокультурного архетипа. Новизна исследования состоит в попытке сопоставить вербализированные результаты опросов респондентов на тему «счастье» с его визуальными репрезентациями на основе феноменологического, социокультурного, лингвокультурного и лингвокогнитивного подходов. Использование принципа дополнительности показало, что полученная на основе типологизации изображений информация и вербализация концепта «счастье» не противоречат друг другу. Вербализируемый, как и изображаемый концепт, становясь частью семантического пространства индивида, отражает его гендерные, этнические, социально-психологические особенности.

Использование проективных методов исследования позволяет обойти ограниченность вербальной системы, выявляя смыслы, переживаемые респондентами на уровне пред- и подсознания (особенно это становится актуальным в условиях полиэтничного сообщества). Данная методика ориентирована на изучение скрытых от осознания слоев информации, относящейся как к универсальным культурным архетипам, выступающим в качестве спонтанно действующих устойчивых структур обработки, хранения и репрезентации коллективного опыта, так и к зависящим от гендерных, этнических, аксиологических и психологических особенностей личности. Интерпретация визуальных изображений позволила дифференцировать социокультурные характеристики феномена «счастье», обусловленные индивидуально-психологическими особенностями и ценностно-смысловыми ориентациями личности.

Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (проект № 18-011-00223 «Влияние лингвокультурной специфики среды на формирование установок молодежи в межэтнических отношениях»).
Региональные различия в субъективном благополучии: компенсирует ли социальная политика эффекты неравенства в России?
Authors: Климова Айгуль Маратовна , Чмель Кирилл Шамилевич
Published: March 2020

Среди целей, стоящих перед социальной политикой, существует одна, в достижении которой особенно заинтересованы социальные государства. Это снижение уровня неравенства, и, следовательно, повышение субъективного благополучия населения. Однако действительно ли успешная социальная политика позволяет компенсировать эффекты неравенства? Этот вопрос давно находится в повестке исследований, но не так много эмпирических работ дают однозначный ответ на него. В данной работе мы проверяем гипотезу, согласно которой в регионах, характеризующихся относительно низкими средними доходами населения и высоким уровнем неравенства, социальная политика посредством перераспределения больших долей региональных бюджетов на здравоохранение, образование и социальные программы снижает негативное влияние неравенства на благополучие. Для проверки гипотезы мы используем два источника эмпирических данных: (1) результаты опроса, проведенного в 34 регионах России, который репрезентирует население этих регионов, (2) объективные показатели, измеряющие объемы используемых инструментов социальной политики в регионах, охваченных опросом. Для оценки возможности региональной социальной политики компенсировать эффекты неравенства мы тестируем байесовские многоуровневые модели с комбинированными информативными и неинформативными априорными вероятностями. Мы приходим к выводу, что увеличение объема используемых инструментов социальной политики в области здравоохранения может компенсировать негативные эффекты воспринимаемого неравенства на субъективное благополучие.

Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда: грант No 18­18­00341 «Ценностная трансформация и субъективное качество жизни: региональная перспектива».
Национальная гордость и субъективное благополучие россиян
Authors: Камалов Эмиль Альфредович , Понарин Эдуард Дмитриевич
Published: March 2020

C начала 2000-х годов показатели субъективного благополучия жителей России росли благодаря увеличивавшимся доходам и укреплявшемуся оптимизму относительно будущего. Однако ухудшение экономического положения, последовавшее за кризисом 2008 г., не привело к ожидаемому падению субъективного благополучия. Одно из вероятных объяснений — рост национальной гордости. В данной работе проверяется, действительно ли национальная гордость положительно и каузально влияет на счастье и удовлетворенность жизнью жителей России. Также исследуются возможные компенсаторные свойства национальной гордости, благодаря которым ее эффект может быть более сильным для индивидов с низкими доходами и плохим здоровьем, а также в период экономического застоя.

В исследовании используются интегрированные базы данных Всемирного исследования ценностей (World Values Survey) и Европейского исследования ценностей (European Values Study), содержащие опросные данные по России с 1990 по 2017 гг. Авторы применяют метод линейной регрессии с использованием инструментальных переменных. Получены следующие результаты: эффект национальной гордости на субъективное благополучие положительный и статистически значимый (β = 0,26, p-value < 0,001), в том числе при использовании инструментальных переменных (β = 0,92, p-value < 0,001). Данный эффект наиболее силен в период после 2008 г., а также среди лиц с низкими доходами.
Роль уровня притязаний и социальных сравнений в детерминации удовлетворенности жизнью
Authors: Настина Екатерина Александровна , Алмакаева Анна Михайловна
Published: March 2020

Данное исследование посвящено влиянию уровня притязаний и социальных сравнений на удовлетворенность жизнью россиян. В отличие от предыдущих работ, уровень притязаний понимается шире, чем конкретная сумма желаемого ежемесячного дохода. Предполагается, что индивид на основе социальных сравнений формирует субъективное представление о пространстве благосостояния и, в зависимости от своего жизненного опыта, стремится приблизиться к верхним или средним его границам, либо отдалиться от нижних. Результаты многоуровневого регрессионного моделирования на материалах 25 волны РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ подтвердили ранее обнаруженный негативный эффект уровня притязаний на удовлетворенность жизнью, однако конкретные механизмы различаются для когорт, переживших кризис 1990-х годов в трудоспособном возрасте, и для более молодых когорт респондентов. Также выявлено, что более выраженным эффектом обладают социальные сравнения не с доходными группами (богатые, бедные или середняки), а с категорией «другие», позволяющей самому респонденту определить эталон сравнения. Отмечается и роль регионального контекста: общий уровень бедности в регионе смягчает негативный эффект притязаний.

Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда: грант № 18-18-00341 «Ценностная трансформация и субъективное качество жизни: региональная перспектива».
Факторы, влияющие на вклад удовлетворенности работой в удовлетворенность жизнью в России
Authors: Соболева Наталья Эдуардовна
Published: March 2020

Работа — одна из важнейших сфер жизнедеятельности человека и, следовательно, одна из основных компонент удовлетворенности жизнью. В статье рассматриваются факторы, влияющие на роль удовлетворенности работой в удовлетворенности жизнью. Базой данных исследования служит региональный репрезентативный опрос, проведенный в 2019 г. в 38 российских регионах. Исследование показало, что вклад удовлетворенности работой в удовлетворенность жизнью зависит от региона. Удовлетворенность работой вносит больший вклад в удовлетворенность жизнью у лиц с высшим образованием и у лиц, проживающих в городах, не являющихся столицами области. Роль удовлетворенности работой в удовлетворенности жизнью усиливает наличие внутренней трудовой мотивации. При этом индивиды с более благополучным материальным положением сильнее ассоциируют удовлетворенность работой и удовлетворенность жизнью друг с другом. Наличие партнера уменьшает роль работы в жизни человека. При этом, вопреки ожиданиям, мужчины и женщины не различаются по этому показателю, хотя изначально предполагалось, что данная взаимосвязь должна быть сильнее у мужчин. Тем не менее отдельный анализ по регионам показал, что по вкладу гендерной принадлежности регионы значительно различаются. Таким образом, вклад работы в удовлетворенность жизнью неоднороден для разных социально-демографических групп, хотя практически во всех группах наблюдается сильная взаимосвязь.

Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда: грант No. 18­18­00341 «Ценностная трансформация и субъективное качество жизни: региональная перспектива».
Динамика субъективного благополучия при внутрифирменной трудовой мобильности в России
Authors: Вередюк Олеся Васильевна
Published: March 2020

В данном эмпирическом исследовании субъективного благополучия применяется концепция удовлетворенности жизнью в таком ее аспекте, как работа (трудовая жизнь). Цель исследования состоит в выявлении и оценке влияния внутрифирменной смены работы на динамику удовлетворенности работой при разных траекториях внутрифирменной мобильности. Объект анализа — лица, в течение последнего года сменившие позицию (продвинулись по службе, понизили должность, переведены без изменения в должности) в границах одной фирмы. Предмет изучения — изменение оценки удовлетворенности работой после смены позиции внутри фирмы. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили данные двух последних из опубликованных волн Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ. На их основе приведена описательная статистика групп работников, формирующих соответствующие потоки внутрифирменной мобильности; показаны структура и динамика оценок удовлетворенности работой для каждой из групп. Для анализа связи между изменением уровня удовлетворенности работой и рядом выборочных характеристик индивида и его рабочего места использована порядковая логистическая регрессия. Новизна работы состоит в проведении сравнительного эмпирического анализа связи динамики удовлетворенности работой с траекториями внутрифирменной мобильности. Результаты исследования в целом подтверждают первую гипотезу о том, что удовлетворенность работой не обязательно растет при карьерном росте; частично подтверждают вторую гипотезу, согласно которой при понижении работников в должности не всегда снижается их удовлетворенность новой работой по сравнению с предыдущей; скорее отвергают третью гипотезу о том, что при переводе в другое подразделение при сохранении должностного уровня растет удовлетворенность работой. Полученные результаты обогащают пул эмпирических исследований субъективного благополучия в аспекте работы, а в более широком контексте — дополняют исследования качества трудовой жизни.

Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект «Структурные изменения в экономике России: роль человеческого капитала и инвестиций» № 18-010-01185.
Десятая жизнь, или Пражское наследие Бориса Грушина
Authors: Шульц Ирина
Published: March 2020

В статье впервые отдельно рассматривается пражский период жизни и научной деятельности советского и российского ученого — социолога, философа, журналиста Бориса Грушина. Уже известные факты дополняются новыми документальными сведениями, включая воспоминания чешских современников. Борис Грушин обогатил чехословацкую и чешскую социологию и общественную жизнь двумя трудами: на чешский язык в 1972 г. была переведена его книга «Мнения о мире и мир мнений», а в 1985 г. на чешском языке вышел его сборник пивного фольклора «In pivo veritas». Личность Бориса Грушина, помещенная в контекст двух стран и эпох, дает новые перспективы для социологического воображения.

Благодарность. Автор выражает благодарность журналисту Александру Братерскому за импульс к написанию статьи, а также доценту, основателю и завкафедрой исторической социологии Карлова университета Иржи Шубрту за консультации, поддержку и предоставление необходимых контактов.
Using macroalgae as biofuel: current opportunities and challenges
Authors: Gao Guang , Burgess James Grant , Wu Min , Wang Shujun , Gao Kunshan
Published: March 2020

The rising global demand for energy and the decreasing stocks of fossil fuels, combined with environmental problems associated with greenhouse gas emissions, are driving research and development for alternative and renewable sources of energy. Algae have been gaining increasing attention as a potential source of bio-renewable energy because they grow rapidly, and farming them does not, generally, compete for agricultural land use. Previous studies of algal biofuels have focused on microalgae because of their fast growth rate and high lipid content. Here we analyze the multiple merits of biofuel production using macroalgae, with particular reference to their chemical composition, biomass and biofuel productivity, and cost-effectiveness. Compared to microalgae, macroalgae have lower growth rates and energy productivity but higher cost-effectiveness. A biomass productivity of over 73.5 t dry mass ha−1year−1with a methane yield of 285 m3t−1dry mass would make electricity production from macroalgae profitable, and this might be achieved using fast-growing macroalgae, such asUlva. Taking into account the remediation of eutrophication and CO2, exploring macroalgae for a renewable bioenergy is of importance and feasible.
On semiconcise words
Authors: Delizia Costantino , Shumyatsky Pavel , Tortora Antonio
Published: March 2020

Let w be a group-word.
For a group G, let

G
w

{G_{w}}

denote the set of all w-values in G and

w
⁢

(
G
)

{w(G)}

the verbal subgroup of G corresponding to w.
The word w is semiconcise if the subgroup

[

w
⁢

(
G
)

,
G
]

{[w(G),G]}

is finite whenever

G
w

{G_{w}}

is finite.
The group G is an

FC
⁢

(
w
)

{\mathrm{FC}(w)}

-group if the set of conjugates

x

G
w

{x^{G_{w}}}

is finite for all

x
∈
G

{x\in G}

.
We prove that if w is a semiconcise word and G is an

FC
⁢

(
w
)

{\mathrm{FC}(w)}

-group, then the subgroup

[

w
⁢

(
G
)

,
G
]

{[w(G),G]}

is

FC

{\mathrm{FC}}

-embedded in G, that is, the intersection

C
G

⁢

(
x
)

∩

[

w
⁢

(
G
)

,
G
]

{C_{G}(x)\cap[w(G),G]}

has finite index in

[

w
⁢

(
G
)

,
G
]

{[w(G),G]}

for all

x
∈
G

{x\in G}

.
A similar result holds for

BFC
⁢

(
w
)

{\mathrm{BFC}(w)}

-groups, that are groups in which the sets

x

G
w

{x^{G_{w}}}

are boundedly finite.
We also show that this is no longer true if w is not semiconcise.
Crystal structure of poly[aqua-(μ4-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylato-κ4O,O′,O′′,O′′′)bis(μ2-1-(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2
N:N)dinickel(II)], NiC17H14N5O5
Authors: Shi Rui , Zhu Xia , Lin Shi-Yong , Su Yi , He Yu-Yang , Zhang Song-Yao
Published: March 2020

NiC17H14N5O5, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.8199(8) Å, b = 8.6969(8) Å, c = 13.1934(13) Å, α = 93.955(1)°, β = 99.951(1)°, γ = 109.946(1)°, V = 822.79(14) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0316, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0688, T = 150 K.
Stylizations of Being: Attention as an Existential Hub in Heidegger and Christian Mysticism
Authors: Palmeirim Bernardo Manzoni
Published: March 2020

The assimilation of phenomenology by theology (namely of Heidegger by Karl Rahner) exemplifies how a pre-existing philosophical framework can be imported into a theological system by being suffused with belief. Although one would imagine that the incommensurability between philosophy and religion would thus be overcome, the two disciplines risk to remain, given the sequels of the ‘French debate’, worlds apart, separated by a leap of faith. In this paper I attempt to uncover what grammatical similitudes afforded Rahner formal transference in the first place. Uncovering analogous uses of contemplative attention, namely between Heidegger and Simone Weil, I hope to demonstrate the filial relationship between existential phenomenology and Christian mysticism. I propose that attention is a key factor in both systems of thought. Furthermore, I propose that: 1) attention, the existential hub between subject and phenomena, provides a base for investigating methodologies, as opposed to causal relations, in philosophy and religion; 2) that the two attentional disciplines of meditation and contemplation, spiritual practices designed to shape the self, also constitute styles of thinking; and 3) the ‘turn’ in the later Heidegger’s philosophy is a strategic point to inquire into this confluence of styles of thinking, evincing the constantly dynamic and intrinsically tight relation between philosophy and theology.
Cyanine dyes
Authors: Mustroph Heinz
Published: March 2020

Cyanine dyes are characterized by an odd number 2n + 3 of π-centers and 2n + 4 π-electrons (where n is the number of vinyl groups –CH = CH–). This special feature has a marked impact on their electronic structure and thus their equilibrium structure in the electronic ground state as well their color and electronic spectrum, respectively. Their first technical application was the use as spectral sensitizers in silver halide photography. Today they have numerous of applications in digital optical data storage, Computer-to-Plate lithographic printing plates, bio-analysis and medical diagnostics.
What Drives Our Emotions When We Watch Sporting Events? An ESM Study on the Affective Experience of German Spectators During the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Götz Friedrich M. , Stieger Stefan , Ebert Tobias , Rentfrow Peter J. , Lewetz David
Published: March 2020

There is ample evidence that watching sports induces strong emotions that translate into manifold consequential behaviours. However, it is rather ill-understood how exactly spectators’ emotions unfold during soccer matches and what determines their intensity. To address these questions, we used the 2018 FIFA World Cup as a natural quasi-experiment to conduct a pre-registered study on spectators’ emotional experiences. Employing an app-based experience-sampling design, we tracked 251 German spectators during the tournament and assessed high-resolution changes in core affect (valence, activation) throughout soccer matches. Across the three German matches, multi-level models revealed that all spectators exhibited strong changes on both affective dimensions in response to Germany’s performance. Although fans experienced slightly more intense affect than non-fans, particularly during losses, this moderating effect was very small in comparison to the magnitude of the affective fluctuations that occurred independent of fan identity. Taken together, the findings suggest group emotions (collectively felt emotion irrespective of individual affiliation) rather than group-affiliation based emotions (individually felt emotion because of an affiliated group), as the dominant process underlying spectator affect during the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Kajian Yuridis Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Sebagai Faktor Pembatalan Lelang Atas Objek Jaminan
Authors: Herry Christian Jordy
Published: March 2020

Studi yuridis dari tindakan melanggar hukum (onrechtmatige daad) sebagai faktor dalam membatalkan lelang benda tinjauan hipotek apakah ada perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh kreditur terhadap debitur dalam pelaksanaan lelang untuk pelaksanaan obyek hipotek yang tepat . Penelitian ini tidak terlepas dari artikel 1365 KUHPerdata Indonesia yang berisi 4 elemen dari tindakan melanggar hukum, yaitu adanya tindakan yang melawan hukum, adanya kesalahan, keberadaan kerugian dan adanya hubungan sebab akibat. Salah satu argumen modern yang sering digunakan oleh debitur untuk membatalkan lelang benda hipotek adalah untuk menetapkan nilai batas rendah pada lelang yang melawan hukum. Kita bisa melihat contoh ini di Mahkamah Agung Keputusan No. 274 / PDT.G / 2013 / PN.
Mechanisms and Methods for Placing New Psychoactive Substances under Control
Authors: Čepas Algimantas , Risimović Radosav
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the international and national mechanisms used to place new psychoactive substances under control. The authors provide an overview of the systems in use in the United Nations and the European Union, as well as in many European and other states, to criminalize newly emerging psychoactive substances, as well as propose certain legislative changes that could be adapted in the European Union to make the procedures of criminalization more straightforward. The article also provides for an overview and analysis of legal formulations used to define new psychoactive substances in different European and other states: list approach, generic scheduling, blanket bans, regulation through the laws on consumer protection and health protection, establishing legal markets for new psychoactive substances.
Understanding Violent Religious Behavior in Indonesia; From the Concept to the Prevention
Authors: Buana Dana Riksa , Lukyanov Oleg Valeryevich
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the social issues that are developing rapidly in Indonesia today is violent religious behavior. Several terms are used to describe such behavior as fundamentalism, radicalism, extremism, or terrorism. The government and the authorities are trying to prevent and eradicate this problem, but it will not be effective if the four concepts above are still used ambiguously by the mass media and scientific journals. Therefore this article will explain these constructs elaborately so that the eradication of violent religious behavior can be done accurately. The method for this research uses a normative juridical method that examines references or secondary data as a basis for the analysis by searching the literature relating to the problem under study. The results and discussion of the research explain that extremism and radicalism are the seeds of the birth of criminal acts of terrorism, while fundamentalism is how an individual feels belonging to a religion and thus considers that his belief is the most right faith and ready to defend it. Besides, this paper will also analyze what factors are the causes of extreme religious actions, as well as how to handle them psychologically (internally) and interventions from government and society (external). Keywords: Violent Religious Behavior; Fundamentalism; Religious Identity, Spirituality
Structure and Formation of the A?guttara Nik?ya and the Ekottarika ?gama
Authors: Kuan Tse-fu , Bucknell Roderick S.
Published: March 2020

In both the A?guttara Nik?ya in Pali and the Ekottarika ?gamain Chinese translation, the suttas are grouped into eleven nip?tas (“books”), from the Ekaka-nip?ta/Eka-nip?ta (Book of Ones) to the Ek?dasaka-nip?ta (Book of Elevens) – though in the Ekottarika ?gama the nip?tas are not labelled as such. This grouping into nip?tas is based on the number of doctrinal items dealt with in the component suttas. In the Ones and Twos, it is often the case that a single original sutta has been subdivided so that its component sections become a series of similarly structured derivative suttas superficially appropriate for inclusion in the Ones or Twos. Moreover, material for this process of subdividing has sometimes been provided by multiplying doctrinal sets with formulaic statements. In most of the remaining nip?tas the phenomena noted in the Ones and Twos are also present, but on a much smaller scale. In view of their Chinese counterparts in the Sa?yukta ?gama, some groups of suttas in the A?guttara Nik?ya with sa?yutta-like nature were probably moved from the Sa?yutta Nik?ya to the A?guttara Nik?ya within the Pali tradition. Evidence of a comparable movement into the Ekottarika ?gama is also available. The artificial suttas created by subdivision and the original suttas shared by the Ekottarika ?gama and the A?guttara Nik?ya largely retained their original places at the beginning of each nip?ta, while the genuine suttas, probably earlier located in the Sa?yukta ?gama and Madhyama ?gama, were added progressively at the end of the growing nip?ta.
Experimental and numerical investigations of full-field strain measurement and fracture parameter of lead-free solder using DIC technique
Authors: Bang Tao Quang , An Nguyen Van Thien , Benabou Lahouari , Hung Nguyen Xuan
Published: March 2020

In this study, rupture of notched SENT specimens fabricated from a novel lead-free solder alloy is investigated. The lead-free solder alloy, focused on in this study, is particularly used as interconnect material in power modules of electric vehicles. Its commercial denomination is InnoLot and it can be used in harsh environments thanks to its improved reliability. Up to now, studies on their resistance to rupture remain relatively limited. Yet the comprehension of fracture behavior is essential for the correct design of the electronic packages which must be robust against fatigue and vibrations loads. The tests are performed with the help of a micro-tensile testing machine equipped with an optical system for full-field measurements with Digital Image Correlation. The images are taken at successive steps of deformation and the displacement field is measured in a region of interest which is the singularity dominated zone surrounding the plastic zone at the crack tip. The procedure consists then in comparing the measured field with the theoretical field given by the Williams' solution. The stress intensity factor is calculated by fitting the analytical fields to the experimental data. The effects of the size and shape of the zone of data collection, as well as that of the number of terms considered in the Williams's expansion series, are examined in the study. A method is also proposed for the automatic crack tip detection. From these finding, it is easy to predict the crack propagation and failure mechanism of solder joint. In addition, the theoretical solution of displacement, given by the Williams series, is compared with measurements to identify the coefficients of these series, including the stress intensity factor. Finally, a 5-order truncation of the Williams series seems sufficient to obtain a correct estimate of the stress intensity factor.
EFFECT OF HIGH GLUCOSE-INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA ON VIRAL HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA VIRUS (VHSV) INFECTION IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH
Authors: Cuong Tran Van , Thoa Nguyen Thi , THOA NGUYEN THI
Published: March 2020

This study, we conducted a high glucose immersion protocol to induce hyperglycemic zebrafish, later on, with the aim to evaluate the relationship between hyperglycemia and VHSV infection using the zebrafish model. As the results, zebrafish immersed in a 2000 ppm glucose solution for 10 days, FBG has increased two times as compared to control. In addition, hyperglycemic zebrafish was more susceptible to the virus infection resulted in increased the viral mRNA expression levels as well as the viral copy number as 1.7 Log higher than control.
ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE LAND USE IN TRA VINH PROVINCE UNDER THE SCENARIOS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEA LEVEL RISE
Authors: Tran Phuong Ha
Published: March 2020

Currently, in the context of climate change, droughts, salinity intrusion, sea level rise etc. and through the reality, it can be seen that the structure of land use (land use) in Tra Vinh province has been impacted quite strongly. The salinity intrusion, flooding and drought have increased in recent years, requiring appropriately comprehensive and proactive solutions. First and foremost, it’s a solution to change the structure of land use in combination with the change of seed structure and crop production structure to ensure efficient and sustainable development. For an overview of these changes as well as predictions for later years, the assessment of the impact of sea level rise on the average scenario (2030) affects the structure of land use by 2030 compared to the land use data in Tra Vinh in 2016, the results show that the areas flooded under the scenario of climate change and sea level rise RCP6.0  in 2030 are at risk of land use change.[TT1]  The land area has the risk of land use change in the whole province is nearly 24,235 ha. In which the most affected land area is specializing in rice land occupies 71%, area aquaculture (11%), paddy land remaining (8%), especially 4% of residential land in rural areas will be affected, this will directly affect the lives of people in the shallow village. [TT1]Need to revise
HOLLOW MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES FABRICATION FOR ANTICANCER DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Tram , Nguyen Dai Hai
Published: March 2020

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted significant attention from researchers thanks to their high surface area and pore volume, which can increase drug loading capacity. Moreover, MSNs, with their biocompatibility and ease of surface functionalization, are seen as potential drug delivery system. However, the loading of drug into MSNs system still needs further improvement. In this study, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) were fabricated in order to increase the drug loading capacity of nanosilica materials. The synthesized HMSNs possessed inner hollow cores that could remarkably raise the total pore volume and thus improve the capacity for cargo loading. HMSNs were synthesized according to the hard-template method with three main steps: (1) forming of solid SiO2 nanoparticles as templates, (2) forming of core-shell structure by coating MSN layers onto the templates, and (3) forming of hollow core structure by etching away the solid template. The HMSNs product was characterized by TEM, XRD, TGA and FTIR. In addition, drug loading capacity of the material was evaluated with doxorubicin as model drug. The results indicated remarkable improvement in drug loading capacity, compared to MSN sample. Cell assays on cancer lines showed high biocompatibility. These results demonstrated the potential of HMSNs in the delivery of anticancer agents.
'Mastery Mathematics' – but Who is the Slave?
Authors: Williams Julian
Published: March 2020

This article explores the development of 'mastery mathematics' – a significant development in mathematics in England – and opens up some questions about the intended and unintended consequences of the promotion of this approach by the government.
Pedagogy and Enlightenment
Authors: Wrigley Terry
Published: March 2020

This article aims to connect and ground the innovative pedagogies described in this issue by looking at the meaning of 'pedagogy' in a holistic way. Drawing on a strong European tradition which originated in the German Enlightenment, it outlines deep principles such as independent thinking,
criticality, freedom and social engagement. In particular, it draws on work by Wolfgang Klafki to update and adapt these principles to the urgent needs of a world in crisis. Klafki, for example, shows how education can be simultaneously challenging and learner-friendly, and how curriculum
can be shaped to focus on the major issues of our time. The final part of the article challenges the reductionism of the set of ideas which underpin government policy, and the intellectual limitations of government-sponsored ideologues in their facile use of the concept of a 'knowledge-based
curriculum'.
Mantle of the Expert
Authors: Taylor Tim , Winter Nicole
Published: March 2020

In this article, Tim Taylor, a teacher and tutor for Mantle of the Expert, and Nicole Winter, a primary school teacher and course participant, discuss a long-form Mantle of the Expert course run by the National Education Union in 2018-2019. They conclude that, whilst the approach demands
a lot from teachers in terms of professional judgement and investment, it has the potential to create a classroom ethos in which children are recognised as capable learners, invested in their own learning.