bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil-Agroecological Types of Lands of the Petrovsky District in the Tambov Region of Russia
Authors: Murman Anna
Published: April 2021

This article describes methodological approaches and results for digital mapping of water-migrational and erosional-accumulative soil cover structures for the forest-steppe of Tambov Plain. Such maps form the basis for applied maps such as for agroecological studies, forestry, landscape planning, etc. In this study, soil-landscape relationships were simulated as one of the subsystems of structure-functional organization. Linear discriminant analysis, random forest and the supported vector machine were used as simulation methods. The training sample consisted of 256 soil points. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) had a spatial resolution of 25×25 meters. The simulation was provided for interfluves and valleys separately. A number of factors that describe soil cover type formation within interfluves and valleys were determined. It was established that within interfluves, determinant covariates are linked with moisture regime, whereas factors of lateral transfer and accumulation are most significant within valleys. The hierarchical nature of structure-functional organization was determined. The comparison of the results of the three simulation methods showed that the supported vector machine had the best accuracy values. However, verification by soil maps had the best correlations with the results of the linear discriminant analysis. In addition, soil-agroecological types of lands and their detailed descriptions for the key area were proposed on the basis of the simulation results of the soil combinations.
Keywords: soil-agroecological types, soil cover structures, landscape-adaptive agriculture, digital soil mapping
Standard Blood Tests Indicate Changes of Toxocariasis in Carnivores
Authors: Panova Olga , Khrustalev Aleksandr , Sysoeva Natalia , Baranova Maria , Glamazdin Igor , Kryukovskaya Galina
Published: April 2021

This study presents the main changes in the biochemical and hematological blood parameters of dogs and cats infected with toxocara. Presented data are based on the animal’s age and welfare. The authors conclude that the pattern of hematological disorders is most pronounced in young animals and proceeds with signs of general intoxication and sensibilizationof the body, hypoxia, anemia and damage to the internal organs (liver and pancreas).
Keywords: hematological studies, biochemical studies, toxocariasis, Toxocara canis, T. cati
Clinical and Biochemical Blood Parameters of White-Tailed Deer Under Stress Conditions
Authors: Kryukovsky Roman , Alekseev Aleksei , Glamazdin Igor , Sysoeva Natalia , Ananyev Lev , Kryukovskaya Galina , Maryushina Tatiana , Panova Olga
Published: April 2021

White-tailed deer have been introduced into Russia, andthey are exposed to stress factors. The aim of this article was to study the clinical and biochemical blood parameters of white-tailed deer under stress. The experiment was conducted on 24 adult animals. Under stress the content of the red blood cells and hemoglobin increased, and the content of the leukocytes decreased with an increase in the share of segmented neutrophils and a decrease in the share of lymphocytes. In the blood serum, the content of glucose, total bilirubin, creatinine, urea, cholesterol, and enzymes KFK, LDH and GGT increased, and the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron decreased.
Keywords: odocoileus virginianus, adaptation, introducers, stress factor, immunosuppression
Influence of Growing Medium on the Parameters and Yield Capacity of the Mini Tuber Potato of the Charoite Variety
Authors: A. Shelabina Tamara , A. Danilov Dmitriy , I. Rodionenkov Aleksandr , A. Kuznetsov Aleksey
Published: April 2021

The creation of original seed grains of the Charoite variety, healed of pathogenic infections of various etiologies, was carried out through reproduction of the certified meristematic material of the microplants class. Mini tubers microplants were grown in 5.5 liter vessels on a “Agrobalt S” soil (control) mixed with peat and supplemented with 10% and 20% (of the volume) of the “ORVI” substrate. The use of the substrate “ORVI” mixed with peat and “Agrobalt S” soil positively influenced the growth, development and formation of tubers. The appliance of 10% of the “ORVI” substrate significantly increased the quantitative yield of mini tubers by 17% and the weight of tubers by 12.3%. The increase in the total number of mini tubers was due to the increase in tuber fraction from 10 to 30 mm. The appliance of a 20% “ORVI” substrate also led to an increase in the total number and mass of mini tubers. According to the EIA results, the mini tubers grown from microplants did not contain any latent viral infection. Tests on the seeds did not reveal symptoms of fungal diseases.
Keywords: breed, potatoes, mini tubers, mass of tubers, peat fertilizer, substrate
Nitric Oxide (NO) and Arginine as Factors for Increasing Poultry Meat Productivity
Authors: Titov Vladimir , Dolgorukova Anna , Khasanova Lyudmila , Kochish Ivan , Korenyuga Maxim
Published: April 2021

Nitric oxide (NO) is intensively synthesized in the embryo of birds. There is evidence that NO mediates myogenesis at the embryonic stage. In this regard, it might be possible to control muscle development and meat productivity by modulating NO synthesis. Using high-precision and a highly sensitive enzymatic sensor, the authors found that it is not the rate of synthesis that correlates with meat productivity, but the rate of NO oxidation to nitrate, which occurs in the tissues of the embryo. In broilers, it is several orders of magnitude higher than in layers. This indicator is solely due to the characteristics of embryonic tissues and is allelically determined. In-ovo arginine supplementation, a source of NO, did not lead to a significant increase in its synthesis and oxidation, but occasionally increased live weight gain, which was likely associated with a deficiency of free arginine and was not directly related to the effect of nitric oxide. Exogenous NO donors were oxidized with the same intensity as endogenous donors. These compounds did not have a significant effect on growth rate. Also, a reduction of 50% in the rate of NO synthesis under the action of a NO synthase inhibitor did not affect this parameter. Thus, regulation of poultry meat productivity is possible by modulating gene expression related to embryonic NO oxidation and ensuring an optimal amino acid and energy equilibrium, rather than by promoting embryonic NO synthesis.
Keywords: Nitric oxide (NO), NO donor compounds, nitrate, arginine, live weight
Relative Variability in Signs of Reproductive Fitness of Pigs
Authors: L. Tretyakova Olga , S. Degtyar Anna , S. Solonnikova Victoria
Published: April 2021

Studies of relative variability make it possible to forecast the future. The equations of rectilinear and multiple regression make it possible to determine a productive indicator by indirectly evaluating correlatively related features. We developed mathematical modelson the relative variability in the signs of reproductive fitness of pigs in the breeding factories of the North Caucasus: “Ventsy-Zarya”, “Gulkevichsky”, “Kavkaz” and “Zarya” of the Krasnodar Territory, “Rossiya” of the Stavropol Territory, and “Rossiya” of the Rostov region. We analyzed the correlations of reproductive fitness in these breeding farms to determine a reliable and objective assessment of cause-and-effectdependencies, and the values, nature and direction of their action. Significant differences were established between the nature of relations in various breeding farms; however, their action vectorscoincided. The models we developed take into account all of the processes occurring in the population under the influence of tribal selectionand can be used in the planning of breeding measures.
Keywords: pig breeding, relative variability, correlation, regression, breeding index
Correlation of Oxidative Stress and Hepatoprivial Syndrome in Dogs with Comorbidity of Babesiosis and Dirofilariasis
Authors: Ushakova Tatyana , Derezina Tatyana , Kapelist Ivan , Zelenkova Galina , Kolodenskaya Vera
Published: April 2021

The comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis in dogs is an important clinical problem, despite the significant achievements of recent years in understanding the pathogenesis of this mixed invasion. It has been established that the leading pathogenetic component in the development of the cytolytic syndrome with this comorbidity in dogs is oxidative stress resulting from the mismatch of the prooxidant and antioxidant resources of the cell under the influence of Babesia canis parasitism. On the basis of morphological, biochemical and ultrasonographic studies, a direct correlation was found between oxidative stress and hepatoprivial syndrome in dogs with comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis. Hepatoprivial syndrome was accompanied by the development of hypochromic anaemia, leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, hypoglycemia, a disorder of pigment metabolism and an increase in the catalytic activity of serum enzymes, which indicated a violation of the metabolic activity of the liver and damage to its parenchyma. The activation of lipid peroxidation processes in the hepatocytes contributed to an increase in the catalytic activity of the blood serum enzymes in sick animals, and to a decrease in the antioxidant defence of sick dogs, due to a relative decrease in the level of vitamin A in the blood. Thus, the comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis in dogs enhances the oxidative syndrome that underlies the pathogenetic mechanisms of this mixed invasion, thereby increasing the degree of involvement in the pathological process of the liver, which is manifested by hepatoprivial syndrome.
Keywords: oxidative stress, hepatoprivial syndrome, dirofilariasis, babesiosis, mixtinvasion, dogs
Effect of the Brown Coal-Based Feed Additive on Poultry Productivity Indicators
Authors: Khorin Boris , Danilova Alexandra , Labutina Natalia , Yurin Denis , Yurina Natalia
Published: April 2021

This study examined the effect of feed additives based on brown coal on the productivity indicators of laying hens. The Relict A® organo-mineral feed additive for livestock and poultry is a multi-component, gummatized product with a wide range of biological activity, accelerating the growth and development of the animal. Relict A® is an environmentally friendly supplement that does not contain hormones or synthetic compounds. The control group was fed complete feed without additives. The second, third and fourth groups were fed feed containing 0.04%, 0.06% and 0.10% of the studied additives, respectively. The amount of feed for each group of laying hens was strictly normalized in accordance with their age, according to the recommendations for this cross. The use of the Relict A® feed additive in the laying hens’ rations led to an increase in the average number of eggs per laying hen, a decrease in the cost of feed for producing 1 dozen eggs, and a reduction in the time when the poultry reached the peak egg laying intensity. Feeding the additive to laying hens reduced the cost of producing 1 dozen eggs in the experimental groups, and also increased the profitability of chicken eggs in comparison with the control. The best dose was to use 0.06% of Relict A® by weight of the feed. A 26.6% increase in laying hen egg production was found.
Keywords: feed additives, laying hens, egg productivity, brown coal
Developing Algorithms and a Mathematical Model for Monitoring the Physiological State of Cattle
Authors: Dorokhov Alexey , Kirsanov Vladimir , Pavkin Dmitry , Evgenyevich Vladimirov Fedor , Dovlatov Igor
Published: April 2021

This study involved theoretical and experimental research at farms with existing hardware and software. Measurements were conducted with non-invasive methods using special bolus transmitters (smaXtec animal care GmbH, Graz, Austria) developed for cow health monitoring. The boluses were introduced orally into the rumen of the studied cows. Algorithms and mathematical models were constructed for identifying estrus, calving and illnesses, and for monitoring feed and water consumption. Initial data were imported from a standard file, compatible with other applications (CSV table). Additionally, correlations were analyzed between temperature indicators, the rumen pH and the motor activity of the cattle. Illustrations include plots of the main vital factors and the correlated functions, and a screenshot of the software working console. Also included are tables with the results for each cow, the average values and the RMS deviation. The mathematical model developed is a set of algorithms and calculation results. Code for its implementation was written in Matlab R2019b and is attached to this report. This mathematical model may be used to process and interpret data obtained by boluses put into the rumen of animals.
Keywords: cattle, rumen acidity, temperature, motor activity, estrus, calving
Comprehensive Assessment of Promising Potato Hybrids of Breeding VSC RAS
Authors: Gerieva Fatima , Biryukova Viktoria , Gazdanova Irina
Published: April 2021

Using the traditional and marker-assisted selection methods, a comprehensive assessment of promising hybrids from the collection of the All-Russian Scientific Center was carried out. The assessment was conducted in 2018–2019 in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. As a result of molecular genetic analysis, hybrids were found with complex resistance to potato nematode, virus Y and X viruses - 2 / V, 5 / V, 6 / V, 17 / V, 40 / V, 43 / V, 46 / V, 54 / V, 124 / V, 9 / VI, 22a / VI, 35 / VI, 130 / VI, 71 / VII and 118 / VIII. Use of these selected forms allows optimal protection of potatoes, limitation of the spread of pathogens and prevention of the emergence of more aggressive pathotypes (races and strains). The hybrids with resistance to potato virus Y (with the presence of R-gene markers - 1/I, 3/I, 10/I, 13/I, 11/II, 15/III, 2/V, 5/V, 6/V, 7/V, 10/V/1140, 17/V, 40/V, 43/V, 46/V, 54/V, 124/V, 9/VI, 22a/VI, 35/VI, 100/VI, 130/VI, 71/VII) are of interest for practical breeding, as well as the hybrids with resistance to Phytophthora infestans such as 15/III, 119/IX and the hybrids 15 / III, 35 / VI, 130 / VI and 71 / VII, which have high marketable yield and weight of tuber.
Keywords: potato, interspecific hybrids, marker-assisted breeding, resistance genes
Use of Milk-Protein Concentrates in the Production of Fermented Milk Products
Authors: Gutоv Nikolay , Maseeva Irina
Published: April 2021

There are an increasing number of products containing milk-protein concentrates. Their use helps to reduce the duration of the fermentation process; increases the concentration of viable cells of lactic acid microorganisms; creates the desired consistency of finished products with required structural and mechanical properties; improves the taste; expands the range of fermented milk products; increases the content of essential amino acids and regulates the amino acid composition; increases the product yield; and improves the manufacturability, including the turnover of the main technological equipment and production areas. This article presents the results of the use of milk-protein concentrates in the production of sour milk, cream and cottage cheese. The acidity of test samples, their biological value, and the total amount of lactic acid microorganisms were determined. The research results show that the use of milk-protein concentrates in the production of dairy products contributes to the intensification of the technological processes and improves the quality of the finished products.
Keywords: casein, milk protein, milk protein concentrate, whey proteins, lactic acid microorganisms, biological value
The Role of a Catholyte in the Foliar Nutrition of Winter Wheat Plants
Authors: Alexandrova Elena , Khramko Galina , Alexandrov Boris , Hadisova Zhanati , Abubakarova Aminat , Musaeva Murada
Published: April 2021

This study examined the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in Tanya winter wheat plants depending on the concentration of an aqueous solution of catholyte (EKhAV-K) combined with foliar fertilizing with FlorHumate. In all phases of the growing season, tillering–stooling–heading, an increase in the content of N in the leaf and stem mass by 0.04%, 0.19% and 0.07% was shown; the content of P increased by 0.04%, 0.03% and 0.05%; and that of K raised by 0.07%, 0.09% and 0.06%. A 20% aqueous solution of EKhAV-K (pH = 9.0 and ORP = –50 mV) promoted better assimilation of N, P and K from fertilizers. The ecological safety of the wheat grain was established. The accumulation of N, P2О5 and K2О in the experimental variant of the grain was 3.09%, 8.90% and 9.09%, respectively, which was more than in the control variant.
Keywords: winter wheat, foliar nutrition, catholyte, role
Winter Rapeseed in the Autumn and Spring Growing Seasons in the Republic of Ingushetia
Authors: Kostoyeva Lisa , Bazgiev Magomed , Leimoeva Aza , Archakov Mikhail
Published: April 2021

This article examines the varieties and effectiveness of fertilizers for winter rapeseed, the dynamics of the production process of crops at different sowing times, and the influence on the yield of oilseed fertilization of crops, the green mass of which was used for feed in the autumn growing season. The study and optimization of the assortment, research and development of technologies for growing highly productive crops of winter rapeseed is crucial. In this article, the authors summarize the literature and substantiate new directions for the use of winter rape crops for green fodder and oilseeds in different countries and regions of the Russian Federation. The article studies three domestic varieties of the All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds named after academician V.S. Pustovoit and one variety of foreign selection. The article identifies the dynamics of biomass accumulation and changes in the morphometric parameters of winter rape plants in the autumn growing season, depending on the timing of sowing. It also studies the productivity and quality of the green mass of winter rape and the possibility of using it for forage purposes. It discusses the yield of winter rape oilseeds, in which the green mass was used in the fall of the sowing year. It also determines the economic efficiency of cultivating the same crops of winter rape used for green mass in the fall and for oilseeds in the spring growing season.
Keywords: winter rapeseed, fertilizers, green mass, oil seeds, vegetation, varieties
Herbicide-Free Technology for Suppressing Weeds on the Crops of Late-Ripening Maize in the Kabardino-Balkaria Steppe Zone
Authors: Sh. Tarchokov Hasan , A. Tutukova Dzhuleta , M. Dugarliev Ruslan
Published: April 2021

As a result of multi-year research (2015-2017) of effective care techniques in the post-sowing periods, the authors have concluded that it is possible to avoid the expensive use of herbicides to fight weeds of cultivated maize hybrids. Thus when a post-sowing packaging of ZKVG-1.4 was used; inter-row treatments with KRN-5.6 was carried out, additionally equipped with plowshares (sprinkling weeds in protective zones); harrows were weeded (effective combing in the area of crop rows); and irrigation furrows were cut with a ditch-furrow cutter, there was a 75.3-78.9% reduction in weeds, compared with a 78.5-84.3% reduction when chemical weeding was used. This saved up to 0.4 t/ha of Kabardinskaya-3812 and Mashuk-480 SV and up to 0.5 t/ha Krasnodar-620 MV from losses. When weeds were removed manually during the growing season as they appeared on the maize hybrid crops, an average of 0.4-0.6 t/ha were saved. Therefore, there is no need to use expensive herbicides for the crops of maize hybrids Mashuk-480 SV, Krasnodar-620 MV and Kabardinskaya-3812 in the fight against juvenile gramineous bilobated weed infestations. According to the results of our research, a significant alternative is the technologically competent use of all elements of agricultural technology with the obligatory consideration of the species composition of the weeds in each area. In addition, in Kabardino-Balkaria, the irrigated wedge accounts for only 130.7 thousand hectares of arable land out of the total sown area (286.8 thousand hectares). In the Republic, the main areas sown with maize are located on irrigated lands where the biological potential of this crop is realized to the greatest extent. However, it is on irrigated lands that weeds harm the maize crop the most. Therefore, the problem of protecting crops from weeds using cheaper methods for irrigation remains urgent.
Keywords: herbicides, weeds, vegetation period, manual weeding, grain productivity, crops harrowing, soil packing
O contexto de Ateliês e Projetos Integrados no ensino público brasileiro de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Authors: Dias Laura Noleto , Simas Tarciso Binoti , Carvalho Carlos Maviael de
Published: April 2021

Desde final do século XX, as discussões sobre a fragmentação do ensino de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Brasil tem resultado em novas propostas de integração de disciplinas. Com isso, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o contexto atual dos Ateliês Integrados (AI) ou Projetos Integrados (PI) em instituições brasileiras de ensino superior público. Para tal, foram consultados seus Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso (PPC) e classificados os AI e PI a partir de suas ocorrências em fases única, dupla, anual ou mais abrangente. Constata-se que grande parte dos cursos apresentam em seus objetivos alguma proposta de integração de disciplinas, cada uma com suas qualidades e nível de detalhamento. Esse universo abrangente de experiências permite refletir sobre novos direcionamentos para a importante relação disciplinar no processo de ensino-aprendizado entre as diferentes áreas dentro do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo.
GLUCOSE LEVELS OF NON-PREGNANT BALI CATTLE AT BALI’S CATTLE BREEDING CENTER OF SOBANGAN, BADUNG, BALI
Authors: Purwitasari Made Santi , Widyastuti Sri Kayati , Erawan I Gusti Made Krisna
Published: April 2021

Glukosa merupakan monosakarida yang dibutuhkan dalam jumlah yang banyak oleh sapi bali untuk kebutuhan hidup pokok, pertumbuhan tubuh, pertumbuhan fetus, pertumbuhan jaringan tubuh dan produksi susu. Rendahnya glukosa darah dapat menyebabkan penurunan produktivitas sapi bali terutama sapi bali betina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status kesehatan ternak sapi bali dengan cara menghitung kadar glukosa darah sapi bali betina tidak bunting di Sentra Pembibitan Sapi Bali Desa Sobangan, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel darah 12 ekor sapi bali betina tidak bunting dengan umur di atas dua tahun dan secara klinis sehat. Sampel darah diambil melalui vena jugularis menggunakan venoject berukuran 21G. Darah diambil dua kali yaitu sebelum pemberian pakan (0 jam) dan 2 jam setelah pemberian pakan. Sampel darah diperiksa menggunakan glukometer Nesco Multicheck 3 in 1 (glukosa, asam urat, dan kolestrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata kadar glukosa darah yang sangat berbeda antara sapi bali tidak bunting pada waktu sebelum pemberian pakan (0 jam) yaitu 43,11 ± 2.98 mg/dL dan pada 2 jam setelah pemberian pakan yaitu 66,44 ± 2.87 mg/dL.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF COCCIDIA INFECTION IN PIGS IN THE HIGHLANDS OF BALI PROVINCE
Authors: Pratiwi Dede Ayu , Suratma I Nyoman Adi , Dwinata I Made
Published: April 2021

Koksidia merupakan protozoa gastrointestinal yang umum menginfeksi babi. Infeksi dari koksidia disebut koksidiosis. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari penyakit ini bagi ternak babi muda di antaranya diare dengan feses encer berwarna kuning, kekurusan, pertumbuhan lambat bahkan pada kasus berat dapat mengakibatkan kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi dan faktor risiko infeksi koksidia pada babi di wilayah dataran tinggi Provinsi Bali. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah 200 sampel feses babi dan diperiksa dengan metode apung menggunakan larutan NaCl jenuh. Identifikasi ookista koksidia berdasarkan morfologi. Data yang diperoleh disajikan secara deskriptif dan faktor risiko berupa jenis kelamin, umur, manajemen pemeliharaan dan wilayah dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa prevalensi infeksi koksidia pada babi di wilayah dataran tinggi di Bali sebesar 46,5% yang terdiri dari wilayah dataran tinggi basah di Kecamatan Baturiti, Kabupaten Tabanan adalah (49,0%) dan wilayah dataran tinggi kering di Kecamatan Abang, Kabupaten Karangasem (44,0%). Faktor risiko jenis kelamin, umur, manajemen pemeliharaan dan wilayah tidak berhubungan dengan prevalensi infeksi koksidia.
La Humanidad, El Bosque, El Cosmos, Los Dioses
Authors: Vivar-Mendoza Aldo
Published: April 2021

El autor nos presenta a Louise Glück, poetisa norteamericana, poco conocida en nuestro medio, y ganadora del premio Nobel de Literatura 2020. Sucintamente, nos relata como ciertos pasajes de la vida y de su afición por la mitología griega y por la naturaleza influyeron notoriamente en su producción literaria.
Correlation between carbohydrate intake and dental caries in obese individuals
Authors: Setiawan Ignatius , Sagita Ananda , Suryatmojo Ibnu , Herawati Dewi Marhaeni Diah , Sufiawati Irna , Widyaputra Sunardhi
Published: April 2021

Background: Nowadays, obesity is one of the biggest public health problems. Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat that can occur when fat-producing foods, such as carbohydrates or sugar, are over-consumed. Sucrose is a type of carbohydrate contained in food and is a medium for bacterial growth. Therefore, the consumption of sucrose can increase the risk of dental caries. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the correlation between carbohydrate intake and dental caries in obese individuals. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. In this study, 50 participants aged 18–40 were selected from an obese community in Jakarta using a quota sampling technique. The carbohydrate intake was assessed using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the body fat percentage was measured with the bioelectrical impedance analysis method, and the dental caries index was assessed using the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF-T) index. The data obtained were tested with a simple linear regression statistical test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that the average carbohydrate daily intake value of obese individuals was 1209.84 g, while the average value of the DMF-T index for obese individuals was 7.98. The results of the statistical tests revealed that there was a strong and positive correlation between carbohydrate intake and the DMF-T index. The effect of carbohydrate intake on the DMF-T index was 50.98%. Conclusion: A positive correlation means that the larger the carbohydrate intake, the higher the DMF-T index. Hence, controlling carbohydrate intake can prevent dental caries.
Effectiveness of reminder sticker books at increasing dental health knowledge and oral hygiene
Authors: Effendi Muhammad Chair , Hartami Edina , Balbeid Merlya , Hapsari Ghea Dewi
Published: April 2021

Background: Health education games can be an effective way for elementary school children to increase their dental health knowledge and oral health. Purpose: This study aims to test the effectiveness of using reminder sticker books by showing the increase in dental health knowledge and improvement in the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) in seven- to eight-year-olds. Methods: The study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest group design and descriptive analysis method. It involved 54 elementary school students. A reminder sticker book was used to measure the levels of knowledge and oral hygiene. Intraoral examinations were conducted, and the children’s frequency of attaching stickers in the morning and afternoon was measured. Frequency was divided into three categories. A questionnaire measured the children’s levels of knowledge, which were divided into five categories. Results: The reminder sticker game increased dental health knowledge, with the mean of the control group at 64.4, and the treatment group at 92.5. OHI-S means were 1.68 for the control group and 0.78 for the treatment group. An independent t-test measured the levels of knowledge before and after the study. OHI-S and ANOVA tests measured the increase of dental health knowledge, which was divided into five categories, and decrease in the OHI-S index (divided into three categories). Conclusion: Reminder sticker books can increase oral health knowledge and reduce OHI-S scores in seven- to eight-year-old children.
Foreign Experience of Modernization: Lessons for Russia
Authors: Kondrat’ev V.
Published: April 2021

The article considers international experience of economic modernization. A conclusion is made that the trend of resource nationalism has a global scope and involves both industrial and developing nations. The main reason is the surge of natural resources and extracting industries role in the economic development. In 1930-s the principal source of Russia’s primary industrialization was the agriculture. Now the natural resources can become a source for the nation’s “new industrialization”.
Protectionism and Free Trade in Modern World
Authors: Obolenskiy V.
Published: April 2021

In the second part of XX century the world saw a steady strengthening and consolidation of liberalization trend in trade policies of many nations. This helped to establish the GATT in 1947 and, later on as a result of Uruguay round of multilateral trade negotiations (1986-1994), the new international economic institution - the WTO. However, the pace and scale of multilateral liberalization do not satisfy the participants of international trade. This triggers a widespread drive for concluding bilateral, regional and then transcontinental agreements on economic cooperation. The article is devoted to an in-depths analysis of the contradictions that arise between the WTO and regional trade agreements, as well as to the available ways of their reconciliation.
UMP – From Party of Power to Opposition: Crisis of French Right
Authors: Yashlavskii A.
Published: April 2021

The article considers the current status of one of the leading French political parties - Union pour Movement Populaire (UMP). The author deals with the causes of organizational, conceptual and political crisis of this right-center party after failure of its leader N. Sarkozy at the presidential elections of 2012. Now the party founds itself in opposition. The diverse spectrum of the ideological and political streams that are united under the flag of this party is demonstrated and the possible ways of UNM’s evolution are analyzed.
Latin America: Problems of Economic Modernization
Authors: Klochkovskii D.
Published: April 2021

The Latin American nations badly need to undertake a dramatic turn to modernization and innovative way of development. However, low growth rates of 1980-s and second half of 1990-s, marginal level of accumulation and investment, low investment activity of the governments, slow growth of productivity and several other reasons of economic and political nature prevent an effective modernization process in the region. In order to solve these problems Latin American countries should map out a concrete program of actions. This program should clearly determine the governments’ role in modernization. The relationships with the foreign capital should be revised and the foreign economic strategy of the region should be adjusted.
«Green» Strategy of American Corporations
Authors: Shlikhter A.
Published: April 2021

To date, the American corporate management has fully understood that the neglect of ecological business aspects can merely provide temporary benefits. The "Green Strategy” is important not only for companies' image, but also for their robust margins in the long run. The principle "pollutant pays" is really applied in the U. S. environmental management practices. This article aims to analyse the " Green Strategy”implementation by American and foreign companies operating inside the U. S. territory.
Sub-Saharan Africa in XXIth Century: Opportunities and Risks of Development
Authors: Irishin G.
Published: April 2021

This publication presents the regular content of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which takes place in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies at IMEMO RAN. Several key problems are set up and analyzed in the report delivered at the workshop, namely: influence of globalization on social-economic processes in Sub-Saharan Africa, a concept and strategy formulation by the African elite, as well as the role of an African state and regional formations in its realization.
On Theoretical Alternative to Economic Mainstream
Authors: Egorov D.
Published: April 2021

In author's view, system faults of neoclassic economic theory which deform the perception of reality lead to the necessity of its reformation. The essence of the article is to analyse one of possible variants of the background theory serving as a basis for the integral ecomonic theory.
Russia and WTO: First Results
Authors: Obolenskiy V.
Published: April 2021

The comparison between the basic set of legal WTO documents statements and the Russian praxis after joining this organization will allow to answer the burning questions: how the WTO membership impacts on the economic – first of all, the industrial policy, on the domestic enterprises' activity, on the home market situation; if there are high risks emerging from the abatement in import fees; if the wide-scale collapse is inevitable, and many other.
Scandinavian Vector of China’s Arctic Policies
Authors: Tulupov D.
Published: April 2021

During the last years, China started to keep a close eye on changes in the Arctic. But its opportunities to take part in the regional resources development are restricted by the fact that it has no physical access to the Arctic Ocean. Thus, Chinese diplomacy has to exert many efforts in order to secure Beijing's regional ambitions and develop partnership ties with circumpolar states. The closest friends of China in the Arctic are Scandinavian countries. In this article the author intends to analyse the aspects of Sino-Scandinavian cooperation in the Arctic.
Adaptation and Integration of International Migrants: Theoretical and Methodological Problems
Authors: Kononov L. , Ledeneva V.
Published: April 2021

Received 28.05.2020. Adaptation and integration of migrants are the final stages of the migration process, the quality of which largely determines the final result: either serious socio-economic problems will arise that threaten the security of host societies, or migration will contribute to the socio-economic development of host countries. The dependence of migration results on the final stages of migration processes necessitates the implementation of effective adaptation and integration policies by states. In the scientific literature, the terms “adaptation” and “integration” are most often used as synonyms. However, this approach makes it difficult to develop common ideas about the essence of the processes of adaptation and integration of migrants. All this gave rise to theoretical uncertainty regarding these phenomena, led to scientific disagreements that impeded the formation of an effective state policy of adaptation and integration, and complicated the development of scientifically-based programs for solving acute problems in the migration sphere. And as a consequence of this, the problem of a separate theoretical understanding of the above concepts has become actualized. The purpose of the article is to theoretically substantiate the essence and content of the processes of adaptation and integration of migrants, the state policy of adaptation and the state policy of integration, and thereupon to create a scientific methodological base intended for future use in the state migration policy of the Russian Federation and other countries. The authors set the tasks: to analyze theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomena of adaptation and integration of migrants; to formulate the concepts of “adaptation”, “integration”, “state policy of adaptation”, “state policy of integration”; to present the authors’ vision of these phenomena and identify the relationship between them. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by the “RUDN University Program 5–100”.
Regional Security Complexes (Spatial Autocorrelation and Cluster Analysis Stimulation)
Authors: Okunev I. , Vinogradov V.
Published: April 2021

Received 23.03.2020. Security studies are going through a new stage of development. The 20th century was marked by scientific discussions about globalization itself and its possible impact on international security, the need to adjust concepts and methodologies. Many modern challenges are a direct consequence of increased global interdependence. At the same time, global attention is shifting towards regions, because the processes originating there can explain and determine the structure of international security. In turn, it is vital to adopt the knowledge and methodology of regional studies and political geography to avoid the “territorial trap”. In our opinion, international studies are still missing the importance of spatiality and its influence on the world political system. Regardless the importance of geographical factor and the fact that in some way it determines the vector of the world political system development, spatiality is often overlooked. “Thinking in the space” is a skill necessary for any researcher. Spatiality is not just a set of geographical characteristics, but something more integral. Therefore, to understand international security and prospects for its further development, we need a comprehensive approach taking a wide range of factors into account. Moreover, an important problem of modern international security is the lack of comprehensive security studies at the global level that take into account the factor of space and regionalization. The research identifies Regional Security Complexes using cluster analysis of k-means. A spatial autocorrelation analysis is used to justify found systems, which consider the mutual influence of countries on each other. In a nutshell, it can explain regionalization of international security and the role of spatial factor in this process, create methodological framework for further analysis of Regional Security Complexes. Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by the grant of the IIS MGIMO No. 1921-01-09 “Geopolitical Atlas of the Modern World: Cartograms Modelling, Multidimensional Scaling and Determination of Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation in World Politics”.
Coronacrisis in the EU: a knock-down or a jump-off for integration?
Authors: Chupina D.
Published: April 2021

Received 25.10.2020. The spread of the new coronavirus infection and the ensuing lock-down dealt a devastating blow to the EU economy. The depth of the crisis, as well as the difficulties of developing a common recovery program, put under question the EU ability to overcome this challenge. As long as the first wave of COVID‑19 is over, the stage of urgent measures responding to unexpected threats is over, the long-term anti-crisis program is negotiated, it is possible and necessary to summarize the interim results of the impact of the COVID‑19 outbreak on the European economy. The purpose of this article is not only to assess the impact of the first wave of the pandemic on the European economy and systematize the anti-crisis measures taken, but also to analyze the role of the coronacrisis in the further development of the EU through the prism of the main integration theories. The study revealed that the coronavirus crisis has not (yet) brought the European integration to its final. Faced to a huge threat to security and well-being, European leaders managed to negotiate a recovery plan. The disadvantages of the deal are the risk of erosion of the supranational governance and the threat of politicization due to belated decisions with limited potential. However, the majority of EU citizens still support further strengthening of the integration. To maintain this momentum, it is important to quickly finalize the mechanisms for implementing the recovery program in order to reduce public discontent and prevent the replacement of supranational governance by intergovernmental interaction.
Globalization of World Economy: Trends and Contradictions
Authors: Feigin G.
Published: April 2021

Received 01.11.2020. The interpretation of the term “globalization” and differences to other terms characterizing the development of the world economy (internalization of the world economy, internal division of labor, regional integration) is given. The main signs of globalization (dynamic of trade volumes, FDI inflows, portfolio investments and international credits; internalization of technical progress; digitalization of economy; development of regional economic integration, global migration; TNC activities; transformation processes in the former socialistic countries) are summarized. The focus is on differences between long trends (since 1970) and actual development after the crisis (since 2010). The legitimacy of introduction of the term “deglobalization” is discussed. The modern model of the globalization (global capitalism) is analyzed. Based on some characteristics of this model (global competition, market fluctuations, unbalanced trade flows, social differences, fragility of the global governance), the critical arguments are considered and opportunities of transition to the new model of globalization in the next future are estimated. The relation of catch-up development and polarization in the era of the globalization is analyzed. The dynamics of GDP development of countries in 1972–2018 are summarized. The focus is on the relation between GDP per capita for countries with high income and countries with both law and middle income. The influences of global activities of countries on the level of GDP per capita are highlighted. The empirical basics are data of KOF-Index. The sample includes countries with both middle and low income which held positions in the ranking in KOF-Index from 27 till 182. The positive interdependence between (based on the KOF-Index) and level of GDP is identified. The conclusion about the potential future of the globalization is given.
Synthesis and evaluation of AlgNa-g-poly(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering and controlled release of betamethasone.
Authors: García-Couce Jomarien , Vernhes Marioly , Bada Nancy , Agüero Lissette , Valdés Oscar , Alvarez-Barreto José , Fuentes Gastón , Almirall Amisel , Cruz Ricondo Luis J
Published: April 2021

Hydrogels obtained from the combination of different polymers are an interesting strategy for the development of controlled release system platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the applicability of sodium alginate-g-(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for these biomedical applications was evaluated. Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using different concentration of the components. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and swelling degree; betamethasone release as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes and fibroblast cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the porous surface morphology of the hydrogels in all cases. The swelling percent was determined at different pH and was observed to be pH-sensitive. The controlled release behavior of betamethasone from the matrices was investigated in PBS media (pH = 7.4) and the drug was released in a controlled manner up to 8 h. Human chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on the hydrogels. The MTS assay shown that almost all hydrogels are cytocompatibles and an increase the proliferation in both cell types after one week of incubation was observed by Live/Dead® assay. These results demonstrate that these hydrogels are attractive materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their characteristics, their release kinetics and biocompatibility.
Global Surgery, Obstetric, and Anesthesia Indicator Definitions and Reporting: An Utstein Consensus Report
Authors: Davies Justine Ina , Gelb Adrian W. , Gore-Booth Julian , Martin Janet , Mellin-Olsen Jannicke , Åkerman Christina , Ameh Emmanuel A. , Biccard Bruce M. , Braut Geir Sverre , Chu Kathryn , Derbew Miliard , Ersdal Hege Langli , Guzman Jose Miguel , Hagander Lars , Haylock-Loor Carolina , Holmer Hampus , Johnson Walter , Juran Sabrina , Kassebaum Nicolas J. , Laerdal Tore , Leather Andrew J.M. , Lipnick Michael S. , Ljungman David , Makasa Emmanuel Malabo Mwenda , Meara John G. , Newton Mark W. , Østergaard Doris , Reynolds Teri , Romanzi Lauri J. , Santhirapala Vatshalan , Shrime Mark G. , Søreide Kjetil , Steinholt Margit , Suzuki Emi , Varallo John E. , Visser Gerard H.A. , Watters David , Weiser Thomas G.
Published: April 2021

Background Indicators to evaluate progress towards timely access to safe surgical, anaesthesia, and obstetric (SAO) care were proposed in 2015 by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery. Despite being rapidly taken up by practitioners, datapoints from which to derive them were not defined, limiting comparability across time or settings. We convened global experts to evaluate and explicitly define - for the first time - the indicators to improve comparability and support achievement of 2030 goals to improve access to safe affordable surgical and anaesthesia care. Methods and findings The Utstein process for developing and reporting guidelines through a consensus building process was followed. In-person discussions at a two day meeting were followed by an iterative process conducted by email and virtual group meetings until consensus was reached. Participants consisted of experts in surgery, anaesthesia, and obstetric care, data science, and health indicators from high, middle, and low income countries. Considering each of the six indicators in turn, we refined overarching descriptions and agreed upon data points needed for construction of each indicator at current time (basic data points), and as each evolves over 2-5 (intermediate) and >5 year (full) timeframes. We removed one of the original six indicators (one of two financial risk protection indicators was eliminated) and refined descriptions and defined data points required to construct the 5 remaining indicators: geospatial access, workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality, and catastrophic expenditure. Conclusions To track global progress toward timely access to quality SAO care, these indicators – at the basic level - should be implemented universally. Intermediate and full evolutions will assist in developing national surgical plans, and collecting data for research studies.
MMR Vaccine Attitude and Uptake Research in the United Kingdom: A Critical Review
Authors: Torracinta Louis , Tanner Rachel , Vanderslott Samantha
Published: April 2021

This review critically assesses the body of research about Measles-Mumps-and-Rubella (MMR) vaccine attitudes and uptake in the United Kingdom (UK) over the past 10 years. We searched PubMed and Scopus, with terms aimed at capturing relevant literature on attitudes, uptake, decision-making, and beliefs about the MMR vaccine. Two researchers screened for abstract eligibility and after de-duplication 934 studies were selected. After screening, 40 references were included for full-text review and thematic synthesis by three researchers. We were interested in the methodologies employed, and grouped findings by whether studies concerned: (1) Uptake and Demographics; (2) Beliefs and Attitudes; (3) Healthcare Worker Focus; (4) Experimental and Psychometric Intervention; (5) Mixed Methods. We identified group and individual level determinants for attitudes, operating directly and indirectly, that influence vaccine uptake. We found that access issues, often ignored within the public “anti-vax” debate, remain highly pertinent. Finally, a consistent theme was the effect of misinformation and lack of knowledge or trust in healthcare, often stemming from the Wakefield controversy. Future COVID-19 immunisation campaigns for children should consider both access and attitudinal aspects of vaccination, and incorporate a range of methodologies to assess progress, taking into account socio-economic variables and the needs of disadvantaged groups.