bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The medicinal plants utilized by Butuanon in Butuan City, Philippines
Authors: Ombat Leila A , Demetillo Meljan T , Tiongson Bluman O , Ponio Jonathan Ian H
Published: August 2023

The Butuanon is one of the ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines. The artefacts discovered by the locals and treasure hunters in Butuan City demonstrated that Butuanon is rich in history, culture, and tradition. However, they need more records of their traditional healthcare knowledge and practices. Therefore, this study documented Butuanon’s traditional knowledge and practices for managing illnesses and diseases using medicinal plants. Thirteen key informants were identified and interviewed through the snowball technique after obtaining their consent. The informants used a total of 132 plant species, which correspond to 116 genera and 57 families. The highest-represented family was Fabaceae, followed by Lamiaceae, with 11 and nine species, respectively. Many of the documented plants were herbaceous (37%), followed by trees (29%), shrubs (23%), and vines (11%). The informants commonly used leaves (43%), followed by roots (15%), bark (12%), fruit (7%), and flowers (5%). These plant species treated 93 different illnesses and diseases, of which fever had the highest number of plants used (18%), followed by diabetes (17%), urinary tract infection (16%), cough (15%), hypertension (14%), diarrhoea (11%), cuts and wounds (11%), relapse (8%), kidney dysfunction and disease (6%), and arthritis (6%). In conclusion, this study sheds light on the Butuanon community’s ongoing utilization of medicinal plants for their healthcare needs. This underscores the need to preserve their traditional alternative medicine and conserve Philippine medicinal plants.
The Impact of the CARES Stimulus Payments on COVID-19 Transmission and Mortality
Authors: Atwood Alicia , Fleming Caitlyn
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we study the impact of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act economic impact payments to individuals on the spread of COVID-19 and subsequent mortality. There is a large economic literature linking income shocks and mortality. Using an event study approach and controlling for time-varying stay-at-home directives, we find no statistically significant change in confirmed case rates and no meaningful change to death rates from COVID-19. Our research suggests that distributing the individual stimulus payments at the same time to everyone had no effect on the spread of COVID-19.
Geological earthquake simulations generated by kinematic heterogeneous energy-based method: Self-arrested ruptures and asperity criterion
Authors: Venegas-Aravena Patricio
Published: August 2023

The lack of clarity regarding slip distribution within heterogeneous rupture areas has a significant impact on characterizing the seismic source and the role of heterogeneities in determining ground motion. One approach to understand the rupture process is through dynamic simulations, which require substantial computational resources, thereby limiting our comprehension of seismic rupture processes. Consequently, there is a need for methods that efficiently describe the spatial complexities of seismic rupture in a realistic manner. To address this, the statistics of real self-arrested ruptures that conform to the asperity criterion are investigated. This research demonstrates that power law distributions can describe the final slip statistics. Regarding the computational efficiency, a simple heterogeneous energy-based (HE-B) method is proposed. The HE-B method is characterized by the spatial correlation between the rupture parameters, such as the final slip or the rupture velocity, and the distribution of residual energy which determines the zones where the rupture could occur. In addition, the HE-B method defines the rupture area in those zones of the fault where the coupling function exceeds the energy required for rupture initiation. Therefore, the size of the earthquake is directly influenced by the distribution of coupling within faults. This method also leads to the successful reproduction of the statistical characteristics of final slip and generates slip rates that match the kinematic behavior of seismic sources. Notably, this kinematic rupture simulation produces seismic moment rates characterized by

f

−
1

{f}^{-1}

and

f

−
2

{f}^{-2}

spectra with a double corner frequency. Finally, it is observed that the maximum fracture energy value within the ruptured area is strongly correlated with both the magnitude and peak seismic moment rate. Thus, by employing this method, realistic rupture scenarios can be generated efficiently, enabling the study of spatial correlations among rupture parameters, ground motion simulations, and quantification of seismic hazard.
SnakeLines: integrated set of computational pipelines for sequencing reads
Authors: Budiš Jaroslav , Krampl Werner , Kucharík Marcel , Hekel Rastislav , Goga Adrián , Sitarčík Jozef , Lichvár Michal , Smol’ak Dávid , Böhmer Miroslav , Baláž Andrej , Ďuriš František , Gazdarica Juraj , Šoltys Katarína , Turňa Ján , Radvánszky Ján , Szemes Tomáš
Published: August 2023

With the rapid growth of massively parallel sequencing technologies, still more laboratories are utilising sequenced DNA fragments for genomic analyses. Interpretation of sequencing data is, however, strongly dependent on bioinformatics processing, which is often too demanding for clinicians and researchers without a computational background. Another problem represents the reproducibility of computational analyses across separated computational centres with inconsistent versions of installed libraries and bioinformatics tools. We propose an easily extensible set of computational pipelines, called SnakeLines, for processing sequencing reads; including mapping, assembly, variant calling, viral identification, transcriptomics, and metagenomics analysis. Individual steps of an analysis, along with methods and their parameters can be readily modified in a single configuration file. Provided pipelines are embedded in virtual environments that ensure isolation of required resources from the host operating system, rapid deployment, and reproducibility of analysis across different Unix-based platforms. SnakeLines is a powerful framework for the automation of bioinformatics analyses, with emphasis on a simple set-up, modifications, extensibility, and reproducibility. The framework is already routinely used in various research projects and their applications, especially in the Slovak national surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.
Error analysis for a Crouzeix–Raviart approximation of the p-Dirichlet problem
Authors: Kaltenbach Alex
Published: August 2023

In the present paper, we examine a Crouzeix–Raviart approximation for non-linear partial differential equations having a (p, δ)-structure for some p ∈ (1, ∞) and δ ⩾ 0. We establish a priori error estimates, which are optimal for all p ∈ (1, ∞) and δ ⩾ 0, medius error estimates, i.e., best-approximation results, and a primal–dual a posteriori error estimate, which is both reliable and efficient. The theoretical findings are supported by numerical experiments.
Outcomes of cesarean delivery in placenta accreta: conservative delivery vs. cesarean hysterectomy
Authors: Alina Weissmann-Brenner , Elias Castel , Eran Kassif , Lior Friedrich , Nizan Mor , Gabriel Levin , Hila Lahav Ezra , Raanan Meyer
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To compare delivery outcomes of pregnancies diagnosed with placenta-accreta-syndrome (PAS) who underwent conservative treatment to patients who underwent cesarean hysterectomy.

Methods

A retrospective study of all women diagnosed with PAS treated in one tertiary medical center between 03/2011 and 11/2020 was performed. Comparison was made between conservative management during cesarean delivery and cesarean hysterectomy. Conservative management included leaving uterus in situ with/without placenta and with/without myometrial resection.

Results

A total of 249 pregnancies (0.25 % of all deliveries) were diagnosed with PAS, 208 underwent conservative cesarean delivery and 41 had cesarean hysterectomy, 31 of them were unplanned (75.6 %). The median number of previous cesarean deliveries was significantly higher in the cesarean hysterectomy group. There was no difference in the duration from the last cesarean delivery, the presence of placenta previa, pre-operative hemoglobin or platelets levels between the pregnancies with conservative management and the cesarean hysterectomy. Significantly more pregnancies with sonographic suspicion of placenta percreta and bladder invasion had cesarean hysterectomy. Cesarean hysterectomy was significantly associated with earlier delivery, with bleeding and required significantly more blood products. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of relaparotomy following cesarean delivery or the rate of infections. Multivariable-regression-analysis revealed a significant odds ratio of 3.38 of blood loss of >3,000 mL following cesarean hysterectomy.

Conclusions

Conservative management in delivery of PAS pregnancies is associated with less bleeding complications during surgery compared to cesarean hysterectomy.
Pass-efficient randomized LU algorithms for computing low-rank matrix approximation
Authors: Zhang Bolong , Mascagni Michael
Published: August 2023

Low-rank matrix approximation is extremely useful in the analysis of data that arises in scientific computing, engineering applications, and data science. However, as data sizes grow, traditional low-rank matrix approximation methods, such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and column pivoting QR decomposition (CPQR), are either prohibitively expensive or cannot provide sufficiently accurate results.
A solution is to use randomized low-rank matrix approximation methods such as randomized SVD, and randomized LU decomposition on extremely large data sets. In this paper, we focus on the randomized LU decomposition method. Then we propose a novel randomized LU algorithm, called SubspaceLU, for the fixed low-rank approximation problem. SubspaceLU is based on the sketch of the co-range of input matrices and allows for an arbitrary number of passes of the input matrix,

v
≥
2

{v\geq 2}

. Numerical experiments on CPU show that our proposed SubspaceLU is generally faster than the existing randomized LU decomposition, while remaining accurate. Experiments on GPU shows that our proposed SubspaceLU can gain more speedup than the existing randomized LU decomposition.
We also propose a version of SubspaceLU, called SubspaceLU_FP, for the fixed precision low-rank matrix approximation problem. SubspaceLU_FP is a post-processing step based on an efficient blocked adaptive rank determination Algorithm 5 proposed in this paper.
We present numerical experiments that show that SubspaceLU_FP can achieve close results to SVD but faster in speed. We finally propose a single-pass algorithm based on LU factorization. Tests show that the accuracy of our single-pass algorithm is comparable with the existing single-pass algorithms.
Peripheral inflammation is a potential etiological factor in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Wang Hui , Yin Yafu
Published: August 2023

Peripheral inflammation could constitute a risk factor for AD. This review summarizes the research related to peripheral inflammation that appears to have a relationship with Alzheimer’s disease. We find there are significant associations between AD and peripheral infection induced by various pathogens, including herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Helicobacter pylori, and Toxoplasma gondii. Chronic inflammatory diseases are also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. The mechanisms by which peripheral inflammation affects the pathophysiology of AD are complex. Pathogen-derived neurotoxic molecule composition, disrupted BBB, and dysfunctional neurogenesis may all play a role in peripheral inflammation, promoting the development of AD. Anti-pathogenic medications and anti-inflammatory treatments are reported to decrease the risk of AD. Studies that could improve understanding the associations between AD and peripheral inflammation are needed. If our assumption is correct, early intervention against inflammation may be a potential method of preventing and treating AD.
A japán pedagógiai gondolkodás háttere, befolyásoló tényezői, sikerének alakítói
Authors: Kígyós Borbála
Published: August 2023

Tanulmányomban a japán pedagógiai gondolkodás hátterére, befolyásoló tényezőire, az európai gondolkodástól való különbségeinek okaira keresek magyarázatot. Bemutatom a japán oktatási rendszer kialakulásának meghatározó elemeit, múltját, filozófiai hátterét, szerkezetét és jelenlegi helyzetét. Szándékom feltárni az oktatás folyamatos sikerének lehetséges okait különös tekintettel a japán tanári professzió fontosságára. Rávilágítok, hogy a japán oktatási rendszer folyamatos és kiegyensúlyozott sikerét alapvetően meghatározza filozófiai háttere, a shinto és konfuciánus hagyományok eszmerendszere és moralitása, a szamurájok évszázados hagyomány- és viselkedésrendszere (bushido) és a tanulás, tudás tisztelete. Sikeressége nem a tanítás mikéntjében keresendő, hanem sokkal inkább a tanárok, az iskola szemléletmódjában, Az oktatási rendszer centralizált, az iskolák egyforma módszerekkel azonos tudást adnak át a gyermekek számára. A különböző intézmények között egyenlőség van, ami által megvalósítható az egyöntetű magas színvonalú oktatás mindenki számára.
Beyazlatma Özellikli Bir Diş Macununun İn Vitro Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KOPUZ Dilan , ALKAN Elif , TEKÇE Neslihan , HAYRAN Osman , KÜTÜK Zeynep Bilge , YAŞA Bilal , KORKUT Bora , TAĞTEKİN Dilek , YANIKOĞLU Funda
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Beyazlatıcı içerikli deneysel diş macununun, minedeki renk değişimine ve yüzey pürüzlülüğüne olan etkisini değerlendirmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada 30-adet sağlam, çürüksüz, boyutları birbirine yakın daimi dişler kullanıldı. Dişler rastgele olarak 6 deneysel gruba ayrıldı (n=5); Grup 1: Beyazlatıcı ajan içeren deneysel diş macunu (Zubio Test-1, Dar Kozmetik, İstanbul, Türkiye); Grup 2: Beyazlatıcı ajan içeren deneysel diş macunu (Zubio Test-2); Grup 3: Beyazlatıcı ajan içeren diş macunu (İpana 3D White luxe, İpana P&G, ABD); Grup 4: Bitkisel içerikli bir diş macunu (Gumgumix, Beka ilaç, İstanbul, Türkiye); Grup 5: Kahvede bekletilen; Grup 6: Suda bekletilen. Tüm örneklerden 3 farklı zaman aralığında (T1-T2-T3) renk ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçümleri yapıldı. T1: Tüm örnekler 24-saat kahvede bekletildikten ve renklenmeleri sağlandıktan sonra; T2: Her gün 15 dakika (3 kez-5’er dakika) kahvede bekleme ve 10 saniye (2 kez-10’ar saniye) fırçalama işlemi yaptıktan 7 gün sonra; T3: Her gün 15 dakika (3 kez-5’er dakika) kahvede bekleme ve 10 saniye (2 kez-10’ar saniye) fırçalama işlemi yaptıktan 14 gün sonrayı göstermektedir. Veriler Kruskal-Wallis ve Friedman istatistik testleri ile değerlendirildi (P=0.05).

Bulgular: Tüm test gruplarında renk değişimi görüldü ancak test gruplarının aralarında farklılıklar oluşmadı (P>0.05). Grup 2, sayısal olarak olumlu yönde en büyük değişimi oluştururken, diğer gruplarla arasında istatistiksel bir farklılık ortaya çıkarmadı. Zubio Test-2 diş macununun beyazlatıcı etkisi İpana 3D White luxe ve Gumgumix diş macunları ile benzer bulundu. 14 günlük araştırmanın sonucunda Zubio Test-2, Test-1’e göre daha yüksek yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri sergiledi.

Sonuç: Zubio Test-2’nin, kahvenin neden olacağı renklenmeye karşı geleneksel beyazlatıcı diş macununa benzer koruyucu etki göstererek, renklenmeyi önleyici yönde etkili olabileceği söylenebilir.
Evaluation of the content of YouTubeTM videos about local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry
Authors: TOZAR Kamile Nur , ERKMEN ALMAZ Merve
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assay the quality and substance of videos on YouTubeTM about local anesthesia in children and to assay whether they are practical for patients and parents.

Materials and Methods: A research was applied on YoutubeTM using the search term "local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry" with the assumed sorting set to "sort by relevance". In our study, 113 videos out of 213 were excluded and 100 videos were analyzed. For video content classification, a 23-point score scale was used to classify video groups as low, moderate, and high video context.

Results: Most of the videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals (n=93; 93%), while the rest were uploaded by healthcare companies/websites (n=1; 1%) and others (tv channels, news agencies) (n=6; 6%). The average duration of videos was 9.49 minutes (range: 0.5-57.57 minutes; median: 4.25).

Conclusion: Although there are many videos on local anesthesia in children on YouTubeTM, these videos contain limited information in terms of content. There is a requirement to develop the quality of YouTubeTM videos on this subject by dentists.
Çukurova Popülasyonunda Gelişimsel Diş Anomalisi Görülme Sıklığı: Radyografik Bir Çalışma
Authors: SÜSGÜN YILDIRIM Zehra , EVLİCE Burcu , SONKAYA Ezgi , DUYAN Hazal
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, retrospektif olarak incelenen panoramik radyografilerde görülen dental anomalilerin tüm tip ve alt tiplerinin prevalansını değerlendirmekti.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2019 yılının son 6 ayında, bir fakülte hastanesine başvuran ve panoramik röntgeni çekilen 14 – 70 yaş aralığındaki 1266 hastanın radyografisi incelendi. Durum, büyüklük, sayı, biçim ve doku olarak 5 tip, toplamda 21 alt tip (Transpozisyon, Ektopi, Enversiyon, Median diastema, Mikrodonti, Makrodonti, Hipodonti, Oligodonti, Anadonti, Supernumerer, Meziodens, Talon tüberkülü (dens evaginatus), Taurodontizm, Dilaserasyon, Geminasyon, Füzyon, Concrescence, Dens in dente (dens invaginatus), Amelogenezis imperfekta, Dentinogenezis imperfekta, Dentin displazisi) gelişimsel diş anomalisi araştırıldı. Yaş ortalamaları için bağımsız örneklem t-testi, anomalilerin dağılımlarını değerlendirmek için ki-kare ve Fisher’s Exact testi kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 36.9 olan hastaların % 27.8’inde dental anomali görüldü. Kadınlarda anomali görülme prevalansı (% 30.3) erkeklere göre (% 23.8) anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Anomaliye sahip kadınlarda ise biçim anomalisi (% 68.6) ve alt tipi olarak talon tüberkülü (% 40.3) prevalansı anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Diğer anomali alt tipleri ve cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu. En sık, sırasıyla talon tüberkülü (% 36.1), dilaserasyon (% 15.3), median diastema (% 12.8), tek diş eksikliği (% 11.9) ve dens in dente (% 11.6) alt tiplerine rastlanıldı.

Sonuç: Her dört hastadan birinde dental anomaliye rastlama ihtimali olduğunu gösteren çalışmanın sonucu, başvuran her hastadan panoramik radyografi alınmasının ve detaylı bir incelemenin önemini bir kez daha ortaya koymuştur.
Sepsis Prediction in Hospitalized Children: Clinical Decision Support Design and Deployment
Authors: Stephen Rebecca J. , Lucey Kate , Carroll Michael S. , Hoge Jeremy , Maciorowski Kimberly , Jones Roderick C. , O’Connell Megan , Schwab Carly , Rojas Jillian , Sanchez Pinto L. Nelson
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Following development and validation of a sepsis prediction model described in a companion article, we aimed to use quality improvement and safety methodology to guide the design and deployment of clinical decision support (CDS) tools and clinician workflows to improve pediatric sepsis recognition in the inpatient setting.

METHODS

CDS tools and sepsis huddle workflows were created to implement an electronic health record-based sepsis prediction model. These were proactively analyzed and refined using simulation and safety science principles before implementation and were introduced across inpatient units during 2020-2021. Huddle compliance, alerts per non-ICU patient days, and days between sepsis-attributable emergent transfers were monitored. Rapid Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles based on user feedback and weekly metric data informed improvement throughout implementation.

RESULTS

There were 264 sepsis alerts on 173 patients with an 89% bedside huddle completion rate and 10 alerts per 1000 non-ICU patient days per month. There was no special cause variation in the metric days between sepsis-attributable emergent transfers.

CONCLUSIONS

An automated electronic health record-based sepsis prediction model, CDS tools, and sepsis huddle workflows were implemented on inpatient units with a relatively low rate of interruptive alerts and high compliance with bedside huddles. Use of CDS best practices, simulation, safety tools, and quality improvement principles led to high utilization of the sepsis screening process.
Firearm Injuries in Lower Opportunity Neighborhoods During the COVID Pandemic
Authors: O’Guinn MaKayla L. , Siddiqui Sami , Ourshalimian Shadassa , Chaudhari Pradip P. , Spurrier Ryan
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to describe changes in pediatric firearm injury rates, severity, and outcomes after the coronavirus disease 2019 stay-at-home order in Los Angeles (LA) County.

METHODS

A multicenter, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on firearm injuries involving children aged <18-years in LA County before and after the pandemic. Trauma activation data of 15 trauma centers in LA County from the Trauma and Emergency Medicine Information System Registry were abstracted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021. The beginning of the pandemic was set as March 19, 2020, the date the county stay-at-home order was issued, separating the prepandemic and during-pandemic periods. Rates of firearm injuries, severity, discharge capacity, and Child Opportunity Index (COI) were compared between the groups. Analysis was performed with χ2 tests and segmented regression.

RESULTS

Of the 7693 trauma activations, 530 (6.9%) were from firearm injuries, including 260 (49.1%) in the prepandemic group and 270 (50.9%) in the during-pandemic group. No increase was observed in overall rate of firearm injuries after the stay-at-home order was issued (P = .13). However, firearm injury rates increased in very low COI neighborhoods (P = .01). Mechanism of injury, mortality rates, discharge capacity, and injury severity score did not differ between prepandemic and during-pandemic periods (all P values ≥.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Although there was no overall increase in pediatric firearm injuries during the pandemic, there was a disproportionate increase in areas of very low neighborhood COI. Further examination of community disparity should be a focus for education, intervention, and development.
Λύχνος: Shedding light on daily life in Graeco-Roman and Byzantine Egypt
Authors: Chouliara-Raios Helen , Makri Dimitra , Drakos Ioannis
Published: August 2023

The present paper aims to examine the role of the oil lamp (λύχνος) in the daily life of the residents of Egypt through the documentation of Greek papyri and ostraca from the Graeco-Roman and Byzantine periods. Due to the fragmentary condition of the archival material, the sources of ancient Greek and Latin literature are also taken into consideration with a view to corroborating some uncertain points of detail. Specifically, careful scrutiny is given to aspects such as the oil lamp's price and material, its domestic uses, its role as pledge (ἐνέχυρον) and part of inheritance, as well as its function in various activities performed at night. The matters of its importance in the realm of theatre, its connection to theft, the side-effects of its use, and the exploration of the figurative use of the term λύχνος as a literary device are also examined.
Az adenilát-cikláz-aktiváló polipeptid (PACAP) klinikai jelentősége
Authors: Heinzlmann Andrea , Köves Katalin
Published: August 2023

A hypophysis adenilát-cikláz-aktiváló polipeptidet (PACAP) birkahypothalamusból
izolálták és karakterizálták. Leírták aminosav-szekvenciáját, génjét,
receptorait, azok génjét és a szervezetben történő előfordulását. A PACAP a
szekretin peptidcsalád tagja. Legközelebbi rokona a vazoaktív intestinalis
polipeptid (VIP). Széles körű előfordulása arra utal, hogy a peptidcsalád más
tagjaihoz hasonlóan jelentős szerepet játszik élettani folyamatokban.
Állatmodelleken végzett kísérletek segítségével világszerte intenzíven kutatják
a PACAP szerepét különböző betegségek lehetséges kezelésében. Az összefoglaló
munka első része tartalmazza a legfontosabb kísérleti adatokat a peptid és
receptorának szerkezetére, génjére és emlősszervezetben történő előfordulására
vonatkozóan. A második részben elsősorban a humán anyagon végzett legfontosabb
vizsgálatokat tekintettük át szervrendszerek szerint. Azokat az eredményeket
gyűjtöttük össze, amelyek alapján a jövőben esély lehet arra, hogy a PACAP
terápiás célra használható legyen. A későbbiekben felmerül annak lehetősége,
hogy a PACAP vérben mért koncentrációjának meghatározása a klinikai diagnózis, a
differenciáldiagnózis felállításában segítséget nyújthat. A jövőben lehetőség
nyílhat PACAP-receptort kifejező daganatok nem invazív terápiájára. A PACAP
részt vesz a hypophysis elülső lebenye működésének, a vazopresszin-kidobásnak,
az adrenalinszekréciónak, az inzulinszekréciónak a szabályozásában,
simaizom-relaxáns, immunszuppresszor. Az idegrendszerben neurotranszmitter,
neuroprotektív agyi ischaemiában, Parkinson-kórban, Huntington-choreában,
Alzheimer-betegségben és a központi idegrendszer traumás sérülése esetén. A
PACAP gátolja az apoptózist, védő hatású oxidatív stresszben, gátolja a
proinflammatiós, de serkenti az antiinflammatiós faktorok képződését. A PACAP
stimulálja a daganatos sejtek fejlődését, és citoprotektív a perifériás
szervekben is. Részt vesz az élettani működések napi ritmusának szabályozásában.
Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(33): 1300–1310.
A multifactorial impact on respiratory morbidity in people of reproductive age and effectiveness of natopherine- and andropherine-containing odorants regarding a non-specific resistance of the nasal mucosa and lowered morbidity of respiratory infections
Authors: Bedareva Alena V. , Shabaldina Elena V. , Astaf'eva Evgenia , Chuyanova Anna A. , Shabaldin Andrey V.
Published: August 2023

Prevention of respiratory infections during epidemic periods is an important task of modern health care in Russia and worldwide. One of such approach may rely on use of volatile substances capable of activating nonspecific resistance of the nasal mucosa. Long-term application of synthetic analogues of female pheromones to young males leads to lowered morbidity of respiratory diseases, increased levels of secretory immunoglobulins, as well as decrease peripheral blood of eosinophilia levels in subjects with allergic diseases. Based on this, the aim of the study was set to study an impact of anamnesis factors and indicators reflecting the functioning of nasal mucosal immunity, its nonspecific resistance, on emerging frequent respiratory morbidity; as well as to evaluate effectiveness of natopherine- and andropherine-containing odorants regarding dynamics of such indicators and to reduce incidence of respiratory infections in young subjects. Materials and methods. There were examined 46 apparently healthy boys and girls aged 18 to 22 years. The frequency of respiratory morbidity, anamnesis factors, and the results of non-invasive studies (cytokine concentrations in the nasopharyngeal aspirate and rhinocytograms). Within 30 days, all young subjects were applied to the nasolabial fold synthetic analogues of male (andropherine) and female (natopherine) pheromones (andropherine for young female, natopherine for young male). A re-examination with the above mentioned studies was carried out on day 14 and day 30 of the study. The incidence of respiratory infections was reassessed one year after the onset. Results. The study showed identified a number of predictors and protectors of frequent and long-term respiratory morbidity in young subjects. The predictors of this condition were presented by catamnestics markers of allergic anomalies of the constitution, behavioral factors (smoking), as well as immune indicators of allergy (IL-4) and mucociliary clearance deficiency. A monthly course of odorant applications on the skin of the nasolabial fold using synthetic analogues of male and female pheromones (steranes) has a positive effect both on the nonspecific resistance of the nasal mucosa as well as on the immune parameters. After a month of using steranes, the nasal mucosa is completely decontaminated from coccal microorganisms, and over the next 12 months, the frequency of respiratory infections decreases. This indicates about a prominent clinical effect of the odorants applied.
Comparison of the level of vitamin D in preterm infected and uninfected infants
Authors: Zakerihamidi Maryam , Boskabadi Hassan , Faramarzi Raheleh
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Despite the substantial progress in intensive cares, sepsis is still an important cause of neonatal mortality. Given the role of vitamin D in infection control, this study was conducted to compare vitamin D level in infected and uninfected preterm infants. Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 87 preterm infants (45 infected infants and 42 uninfected infants) hospitalized in Mashhad Ghaem Hospital, Iran, during 20152017. The subjects were selected by using convenience sampling. The infected infants (n = 45) included babies with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with infection and/or positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. The serum levels vitamin D were measured in all infants. A researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic, clinical and laboratory features of infants was used. In addition, independent t-test and chi-square test were applied. SPSS was used to perform the statistical data analysis. Results. 83% of infants had vitamin D deficiency 34.5%, 26.4%, and 21.8% of whom exhibited severe (less than 10 ng/ml), moderate (10.120 ng/ml), mild deficiency (20.130 ng/ml), respectively. The mean vitamin D level of infants was 23.319.40 ng/ml in the control group and 11.028.64 ng/ml in the case group (p = 0.000). In the case group, the mean vitamin D was 8.145.53 ng/ml in early sepsis and 12.629.75 ng/ml in late-onset sepsis (p = 0.121). 95% of infected infants and 71% of uninfected infants had vitamin D less than 30 ng/ml (p = 0.003). Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency is very common in preterm infants. Serum vitamin D levels in infants with sepsis were lower than those in uninfected infants. Therefore, the correction of vitamin D deficiency may contribute to better control of neonatal infection.
Investigation of Drug-resistance substitutions in HIV-1 RT Protein in Iranian HIV Infected Patients
Authors: Dehghani Behzad Non , Hashempour Tayebeh Non , Mousavi Zahra Non , Moayedi Javad Non , Hasanshahi Zahra Non , Rezaei Esmaeil Non , Ghassabi Farzaneh Non
Published: August 2023

Abstract:

Background:

Currently, more than 37 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Reverse transcription (RT) is a main part in the life cycle of retroviruses which is responsible for synthesis of DNA complementary to an RNA or DNA template. Recently several inhibitors have been introduced to target RT protein; however, drug resistance is one of the greatest challenges in the improvement of effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we determined the resistance mutations in the RT gene in treatment failure patients and searched for the dominant subtype among them.

Methods:

HIV viral load and a reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain (RT-nested PCR) reactions were performed in 15 patients with treatment failure to amplify the RT gene. Drug resistance mutations, as well as the viral subtypes, were analyzed using by using several bioinformatics software and online tools.

Results:

The frequency of RT related drug-resistance mutations in patients was 33.3%, among which the major mutation consisted of 20% of all those occurring in codon 184. Moreover, the results showed 6.6% and 26.6% of patients were resistant to Non-Nucleoside RT Inhibitor (NNRTIs) and Nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NRTIs), respectively. In addition, the vast majority of samples (12 patients of 15) belonged to subtype CRF35-AD.

Conclusions:

The present study reports updates on the mutations related to RT resistance in Iranian HIV patients receiving treatment, show that 20% of the samples had a high-level of resistance to Lamivudine, and Emtricitabine which should be confirmed for further antiretroviral (AVR) regimens for HIV infected patients. Also, two new mutations related to resistance to Nevirapine, Doravirine, Zidovudine, and Stavudine were introduced in this investigation.

The present results could be used as predictive information on the response to anti-RT, and also highlight the importance of considering the periodic monitoring of HIV resistance test in HIV infected patients.
Probiotics in prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review of current evidence
Authors: SeyedAlinaghi S. , Shahidi Ramin , Afzalian Arian , Paranjkhoo Parinaz , Ghorbanzadeh Kobra , Mojdeganlou Hengameh , Razi Armin , Mojdeganlou Paniz , Dashti Mohsen , Ghasemzadeh Afsaneh , Parikhani Sahar N. , Pashaei A. , Karimi Amirali , Sepide Ahmadi , Mehraeen Esmaeil , Hackett Daniel
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Clinical evidence suggests that certain probiotics may help treat and prevent viral infections. To date, the effectiveness of probiotics in the alleviation of COVID-19 has not been established. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Materials and methods. An extensive search of four electronic databases was performed which included Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed from November 2019 to June 2022. After reviewing the references list of related articles additional studies were identified. A multiple combination of keywords validated by MESH were used to search the databases. Study selection was performed according to an inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results. Twenty-three articles met the study inclusion criteria. Six articles were conducted in vitro while the remaining studies were conducted in the human population (in vivo). The type of probiotic was defined in eighteen studies. There were two studies that used supplements (vitamins, herbals, minerals, etc.) in addition to probiotics. The largest sample size was 445 850 participants which were from a study that used an application-based survey. The majority of studies found that probiotics had a positive effect on the COVID-19 disease. The benefits included early remission of COVID-19 symptoms and a shorter duration of sickness (10 studies), lower mortality rates (3 studies), and decreased hospitalization and length of stay (3 studies). Six in vitro studies found that probiotics were beneficial against SARS-CoV-2 through antiviral effects. There were only two studies that found probiotics to be ineffective or caused negative effects when consumed in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion. Available evidence supports the antiviral role of probiotics on prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The antiviral potential of Lactobacillus paracasei metabolite PlnE and PlnF against SARS-CoV-2 may explain the effectiveness of probiotics on COVID-19.
From speaking of texts to speaking of Europe
Authors: Lundquist Lita
Published: August 2023

In this contribution to the festschrift for Kjersti Fløttum, I highlight our shared research interest in texts and text linguistics, particularly our first meeting in the 1980s and our focus in the 2010s on Europe. By that point, we had both expanded text linguistics to encompass studies of how people use discourse – Kjersti’s path – and laughter – my path – in the European Parliament.

With reference to Fløttum’s excellent PhD thesis “Le résumé scolaire” (1990) and her subsequent project on “Speaking of Europe” (2013), I discuss, against the backdrop of my own work on the use of humour in the European  Parliament, how the expansion of text linguistics may risk exploding into an unwieldly multiplicity of approaches. The conclusion reflects my wish for a unitary model of how language, text and discourse on the one hand, and society on the other, are firmly interlinked.
From “Climate Change” to “Climate Crisis”?
Authors: Schäfer Mike , Hase Valerie , Mahl Daniela , Krayss Xeno
Published: August 2023

Climate change is one of the core challenges of humankind – and legacy news media continue to be important sources of information about the issue for many people around the globe. Accordingly, how news media portray climate change is important for public awareness and perceptions of the issue. The labeling of the topic – which may rely on more neutral terms like “climate change” or “global warming” or more alarming terms like “climate crisis”, “climate emergency” or “global heating” – is an important facet in this respect. In step with the increasing importance of the issue, outlets such as the British “Guardian” have switched to these more urgent terms in their coverage of climate change. But it is unclear, so far, how pronounced this switch is, and which media have followed suit. Relying on an automated content analysis of climate change coverage from 16 news outlets in eight countries around the world between 1996 and 2021 (N = 89,887), our study investigates the use and proliferation of “climate change compounds” such as “climate crisis”, “global heating”, or “global warming” used to describe the phenomenon. We find that news media still use neutral terms – especially “climate change” – more often than alarming labels. However, the use of the latter has increased strongly since 2019, presumably due to country-specific events and changes in editorial guidelines of national outlets.
Assessment of the Psychosocial Care Center multidisciplinary team from users’ and family members’ perspective
Authors: Pini Jéssica dos Santos , Nacamura Paula Antunes Bezerra , Harmuch Camila , Costa Maria Antonia Ramos , Giacon-Arruda Bianca Cristina Ciccone , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade , Salci Maria Aparecida , Paiano Marcelle
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess the multidisciplinary team of a Psychosocial Care Center I from users’ and family members’ perspective. Methods: an evaluative study, anchored in the fourth generation evaluation theoretical-methodological framework, carried out in a Psychosocial Care Center I, from September 2021 to March 2022. Eleven users and 06 family members participated. Data were collected through non-participant observation, individual interviews and negotiation sessions, and analyzed using the Constant Comparative Method, using the MAXQDA software. Results: the team develops its care based on individual and collective care, with integrated and complementary work by professionals. They seek to facilitate treatment initiation and continuation, considering health needs and offering support, understanding and guidance to users and their families. Final Considerations: the multidisciplinary team’s work is based on the psychosocial paradigm, which can qualify care and strengthen the service role in the mental health network.
Avaliação da equipe multiprofissional do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial na perspectiva de usuários e familiares
Authors: Pini Jéssica dos Santos , Nacamura Paula Antunes Bezerra , Harmuch Camila , Costa Maria Antonia Ramos , Giacon-Arruda Bianca Cristina Ciccone , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade , Salci Maria Aparecida , Paiano Marcelle
Published: August 2023

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a equipe multiprofissional de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial I na perspectiva dos usuários e familiares. Métodos: estudo avaliativo, ancorado no referencial teórico-metodológico da avaliação de quarta geração, realizado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial I, de setembro de 2021 a março de 2022. Participaram 11 usuários e 06 familiares. Os dados foram coletados por observação não participante, entrevistas individuais e sessões de negociação, e analisados pelo Método Comparativo Constante, com uso do software MAXQDA. Resultados: a equipe desenvolve sua assistência pautada em atendimentos individuais e coletivos, com trabalho integrado e complementar dos profissionais. Busca facilitar o início e a continuidade do tratamento, considerando as necessidades de saúde e ofertando apoio, compreensão e orientações ao usuário e familiares. Considerações Finais: a atuação da equipe multiprofissional se pauta no paradigma psicossocial, o que pode qualificar o cuidado e fortalecer o papel do serviço na rede de saúde mental.
Performance of resistant grape varieties (PIWI), 'Felicia', 'Calardis Blanc' and 'Helios' in two locations of Santa Catarina State (BR)
Authors: Giovanni Rodrigo Nogueira , Souza André Luiz Kulkamp de , Caliari Vinicius , Brighenti Alberto Fontanella , Bender Angelica , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT Downy mildew (Plamopora viticola) is one of the major problems to produce wine grapes in Brazil, a main cause of yield losses in the Southern region of the country. An alternative to the use of pesticides is the use of resistant varieties (PIWI): wine grapes combining high oenological potential and resistance to diseases. The goal of this work was to assess the vegetative and productive performance and maturation of three PIWI varieties (‘Felicia’, ‘Calardis Blanc’ and ‘Helios’) produced at altitudes of 840m and 1250m in the 2020, 2021 and 2022 vintages. The study is focused on four phenological stages: budbreak (BBCH 7), full bloom (BBCH 65), veraison (BBCH 81) and maturity/harvest (BBCH 89). The criteria for measuring the productive performance were, the number of clusters, average cluster weight, production per plant, yield and Ravaz index. As parameters for technological and phenolic maturation, pH, soluble solids, total acidity and total polyphenols were evaluated. The budbreak occurred at the end of August until the second fortnight of September, the flowering occurred in the second week of October, the veraison occurred during the month of December, and the maturity/harvest occurred from the second fortnight of January until the beginning of February. The earliest budbreak occurred with ‘Felicia’ in the vineyard at 1250m and the latest occurred with ‘Calardis Blanc’. Regardless of the vineyard altitude, there was practically no difference in the flowering date between varieties and the vineyards altitude, the veraison and the maturity/harvest occurred earlier in the vineyard at 840m. The varieties produced at 840 m had a shorter cycle and proved to be more productive when compared to those produced at 1250 m. The studied varieties showed good phenological adaptation, high yield and maturation indices suitable for the production of quality still and sparkling white wines at both altitudes. From the results obtained, ‘Felicia’ and ‘Calardis Blanc’ seem to be the most promising varieties for cultivation in both altitude ranges.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE PAULO FREIRE PARA A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: MORAIS JOCASTA MARIA OLIVEIRA , OLIVEIRA FRANCISCO THIAGO CHAVES DE , NÓBREGA-THERRIEN SILVIA MARIA , SOUZA SARLENE GOMES DE
Published: August 2023

RESUMO: Mesmo após 50 anos de lançamento da obra Pedagogia do Oprimido, de Paulo Freire, são perceptíveis suas contribuições para o campo da educação na atualidade. Este artigo busca dialogar sobre a educação para jovens e adultos orientada pelos princípios freirianos. Para tanto, elaboramos uma revisão narrativa, tendo como âncora o livro Pedagogia do Oprimido, e tecemos análises a partir de quatro temáticas, a saber: (I) essência humana e do conhecimento; (II) relação indivíduo-sociedade; (III) relação teoria-prática e relação objetividade-subjetividade; (IV) fins sociais da educação e lugar do professor no processo educativo. Como resultado, vimos que a pedagogia de Paulo Freire é resultado de uma longa jornada de vida, do caminhar de um homem entre suas origens, seu mundo, vivências e leituras, e do contato com outros sujeitos. Suas ideias pedagógicas e humanísticas partem do micro para o macrocosmo, do mundo das classes menos favorecidas em contraponto ao mundo dos privilegiados. No campo da educação com jovens e adultos, tomar Paulo Freire como um educador inclusivo significa, dentre outros aspectos, construir conhecimentos que considerem a diversidade de visões de mundo dos sujeitos envolvidos e possibilitem o processo de humanização.
Mudanças comportamentais em crianças/adolescentes com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade durante a pandemia de COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Laguna Gabriela Garcia de Carvalho , Ribeiro Diego Bastos , Tavares Beatriz Rihs Matos , Cazé Ana Beatriz , Santos Ana Clara Silva dos , Souza Lohana Guimarães , Borges Grasiely Faccin
Published: August 2023

Resumo Objetivos: descrever mudanças comportamentais, relacionadas à saúde mental, em crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade durante o isolamento social devido à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática conduzida sob protocolo PRISMA (2020) nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e BVS, com período de 2019-2022. Resultados: foram triados 3.735 estudos e selecionados dez, de acordo com os critérios de elegibilidade. A amostra contou com 4.688 participantes. Evidenciou-se um agravamento de sinais e sintomas quanto à saúde mental dessa população expresso principalmente através de mudanças no estado de humor, com aumento da ansiedade, tristeza ou sintoma deprimido, além do aumento da hiperatividade. As mudanças comportamentais incluíram ainda redução da qualidade do sono e da prática de atividades físicas e aumento do uso de tecnologias digitais e tempo de tela. Conclusões: foi descrito que os grupos infanto-juvenis, sobretudo com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, tinham sintomas emocionais e problemas de conduta aumentados quando comparados a antes da pandemia, sendo possível reconhecer as repercussões negativas das mudanças impostas por ela. Esses fatores são importantes para o planejamento de estratégias de cuidado mais efetivas.
Recalque espacial: violência contra a mulher em São Paulo
Authors: Itikawa Luciana Fukimoto
Published: August 2023

Resumo: A compreensão que a violência contra a mulher possa ser analisada territorialmente abre a perspectiva que políticas públicas de segurança, saúde, assistência social e acesso à justiça possam ser planejadas para serem estratégicas dependendo da forma como se manifesta no espaço urbano. Foi feita a espacialização das ocorrências de violências das bases de dados estaduais e dos atendimentos dos centros da mulher municipais em 2018. Apesar de ocupar todo o perímetro da mancha urbana, os mapas revelaram que, em números absolutos, existem concentrações em vários distritos periféricos e semiperiféricos. Em números relativos, as violências estão em maior número nos distritos do centro expandido. Essa concentração nas áreas centrais nos levou a supor que esta violência é resultado do tensionamento das normas subordinadoras patriarcal, capitalista e racial aplicadas sobre os padrões de uso e ocupação do solo, um recalque espacial.