bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do you say uh or uhm? A cross-linguistic approach to filler particle use in heritage and majority speakers across three languages
Authors: Böttcher Marlene , Zellers Margaret
Published: March 2024

Filler particles like uhm in English or ähm in German show subtle language-specific differences and their variation in form is related to socio-linguistic variables like gender. The use of fillers in a second language has been shown to differ from monolinguals' filler particle use in both frequency and form in different language contexts. This study investigates the language-specific use of filler particles by bilingual heritage speakers in both their languages, looking at the dominant majority language in the society and their minority heritage language spoken at home. This is done based on heritage Russian and German data and majority German and English data from the RUEG corpus. Language-specific fillers were extracted from the corpus and analyzed for their occurrence and segmental form. The frequency analysis suggests an influence of bilingualism, age group, and formality of the situation on the filler frequency across all languages. The number of filler particles is higher in formal, older, and bilingual speech. The form analysis reveals an effect of language and gender on the type of filler particle. The vocalic-nasal filler particles (e.g., uhm) are more frequently found in German and English and in female speech of these languages. Heritage speakers of Russian in contact with German and English show higher use of vocalic-nasal forms also in their Russian while producing similar gender related patterns to monolingual speakers in both their languages. The higher frequency of filler particles in formal situations, older speakers and in bilingual speech, is discussed related to cognitive load which is assumed to be higher in these contexts while speech style which differs between situations and social groups is also considered as explanation. The higher use of vocalic-nasal filler particles in German and English suggests language specific filler particle preferences also related to the socio-linguistic variable gender in these languages. The results from heritage speakers suggest and influence on filler particle form in their heritage language, while also revealing socio-linguistic usage patterns related to gender which are produced by heritage speakers similarly to monolinguals in their respective language.
Applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access. A scoping review of primary research
Authors: Rojas Carlos , Vega-Rodríguez Yuri E. , Lagos Gabriel , Cabrera-Miguieles María Gabriela , Sandoval Yasna , Crisosto-Alarcón Jaime
Published: March 2024

Pupil dilation has been associated with the effort required to perform various cognitive tasks. At the lexical level, some studies suggest that this neurophysiological measure would provide objective, real-time information during word processing and lexical access. However, due to the scarcity and incipient advancement of this line of research, its applicability, use, and sensitivity are not entirely clear. This scoping review aims to determine the applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access by providing an up-to-date overview of research in this area. Following the PRISMA protocol, 16 articles were included in this review. The results show that pupillometry is a highly applicable, useful, and sensitive method for assessing lexical skills of word recognition, word retrieval, and semantic activation. Moreover, it easily fits into traditional research paradigms and methods in the field. Because it is a non-invasive, objective, and automated procedure, it can be applied to any population or age group. However, the emerging development of this specific area of research and the methodological diversity observed in the included studies do not yet allow for definitive conclusions in this area, which in turn does not allow for meta-analyses or fully conclusive statements about what the pupil response actually reflects when processing words. Standardized pupillary recording and analysis methods need to be defined to generate more accurate, replicable research designs with more reliable results to strengthen this line of research.
COVID-19 restrictions promoted the newly occurring loneliness in older people – a prospective study in a memory clinic population
Authors: Defrancesco Michaela , Schurr Timo A. , Hofer Alex
Published: March 2024

Introduction

A high burden and many negative outcomes for older people were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Social isolation and loneliness are prevalent health problems impacting well-being and quality of life and may have increased due to pandemic-related restrictions. Methods: This study investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness in people visiting a mem40ory clinic between March 2020 and September 2022. We conducted a prospective, single-center, questionnaire-based observational follow-up study to assess potential predictors of newly occurring, pandemic-related loneliness. Next to a newly developed COVID-19 questionnaire, a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the Geriatric Depression Scale were used.

Results

In total 426 people (mean age: 76.48 years, 12.9% cognitively intact, 33.1% diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment, 49.8% diagnosed with dementia, and 4.2% diagnosed with depression) completed the COVID-19 questionnaire at baseline and 166 at follow-up. Newly occurring loneliness was indicated by 22.3% of baseline participants and by 24.1% of follow-up participants. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that living alone (OR 5.452) and having less contact with friends (OR 2.771) were most predictive of the occurrence of loneliness. The use of digital communication media as an alternative strategy for social interaction was lowest in dementia patients (6-13%).

Discussion

In conclusion, personal contacts and a close friendship network appear to be more decisive to prevent loneliness in older people than does the use of digital communication media. However, promoting an intensified use of digital communication media may be useful to counteract loneliness, especially in dementia patients.
A real-time biphasic Kalman filter-based model for estimating human core temperature from heart rate measurements for application in the occupational field
Authors: Falcone Tiziana , Del Ferraro Simona , Molinaro Vincenzo , Zollo Loredana , Lenzuni Paolo
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Early identification of hypothermia or hyperthermia is of vital importance, and real-time monitoring of core temperature (CT) of the workers exposed to thermal environments is an extremely valuable tool. From the existing literature studies, the model developed by Buller et al. in their study of 2013 that generates real-time estimates of CT from heart rate (HR) measurements using the Kalman filter (KF) shows good potential for occupational application. However, some aspects could be improved to reliably handle the existing very wide range of workers and work activities. This study presents a real-time CT estimation model, called the Biphasic Kalman filter-based (BKFB) model, based on HR measurement, with characteristics suited to application in the occupational field.

Methods

Thirteen healthy subjects (six female and seven male) were included in the study to perform three consecutive tasks simulating work activities. During each test, an ingestible CT sensor was used to measure CT and a HR sensor to measure HR. The KF methodology was used to develop the BKFB model.

Results

An algorithm with a biphasic structure was developed using two different models for the increasing and decreasing phases of CT, with the ability to switch between the two based on an HR threshold. CT estimates were compared with CT measurements, and with respect to overall root mean square error (RMSE), the BKFB model achieved a sizeable reduction (0.28 ± 0.12°C) compared to the Buller et al. model (0.34 ± 0.16°C).

Discussion

The BKFB model introduced some modifications over the Buller et al. model for a more effective application in the occupational field. It was developed using data collected from a sample of workers (heavily weighted toward middle-aged, not very fit, and with a considerable fraction of female workers), and it also included two different modeling of CT (for the up- and down-phases), which allowed for better behavioral modeling in the two different stages. The BKFB model provides CT estimates reasonably in comparison to the measured intra-abdominal temperature values in both the activity and recovery phases but is more practical and easier to use for a real-time monitoring system of the workers' thermal states.
Pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational diabetes mellitus, and gestational weight gain: individual and combined effects on fetal growth
Authors: Lyu Yanyu , Cui Mingming , Zhang Lingling , Zheng Guang , Zuo Hanxiao , Xiu Qingyong , Shah Prakesh S.
Published: March 2024

Background

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational weight gain (GWG) are interlinked and may play a complex role in fetal growth. We aimed to examine the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM, GWG, and fetal growth outcomes and explore the contribution of GDM and GWG to the relationship between Pre-pregnancy obesity/overweight and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) in a prospective cohort.

Methods

We prospectively recruited women in the first trimester and having one-step GDM screened with a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation (n = 802). Outcomes included LGA, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and preterm birth. To assess the individual and cumulative associations between pre-pregnancy BMI, GDM, GWG, and these outcomes, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the mediating role of GDM and excessive GWG in the correlation between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and LGA.

Results

Pre-pregnancy obesity, GDM, and excessive GWG were all independently associated with increased odds of LGA. Inadequate GWG was associated with higher odds of preterm birth. Compared with women unexposed to pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, GDM, or excessive GWG, women exposed any two conditions had higher odds for LGA (AOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.25–8.11) and women with coexistence of all had the highest odds for LGA (AOR 8.09, 95% CI 2.18–29.97). The mediation analysis showed that GDM explained 18.60% (p < 0.05) of the total effect of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity on LGA, and GWG explained 17.44% (p < 0.05) of the total effect.

Conclusion

Pre-pregnancy obesity/overweight, GDM, and excessive GWG are associated with higher odds of fetal growth disturbances as individual factors and when they co-exist. The effect of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity on LGA is partially achieved through GDM and excessive GWG.
An overview of the bacterial microbiome of public transportation systems—risks, detection, and countermeasures
Authors: Ly Yen-Tran , Leuko Stefan , Moeller Ralf
Published: March 2024

When we humans travel, our microorganisms come along. These can be harmless but also pathogenic, and are spread by touching surfaces or breathing aerosols in the passenger cabins. As the pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 has shown, those environments display a risk for infection transmission. For a risk reduction, countermeasures such as wearing face masks and distancing were applied in many places, yet had a significant social impact. Nevertheless, the next pandemic will come and additional countermeasures that contribute to the risk reduction are needed to keep commuters safe and reduce the spread of microorganisms and pathogens, but also have as little impact as possible on the daily lives of commuters. This review describes the bacterial microbiome of subways around the world, which is mainly characterized by human-associated genera. We emphasize on healthcare-associated ESKAPE pathogens within public transport, introduce state-of-the art methods to detect common microbes and potential pathogens such as LAMP and next-generation sequencing. Further, we describe and discuss possible countermeasures that could be deployed in public transportation systems, as antimicrobial surfaces or air sterilization using plasma. Commuting in public transport can harbor risks of infection. Improving the safety of travelers can be achieved by effective detection methods, microbial reduction systems, but importantly by hand hygiene and common-sense hygiene guidelines.
Social Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship: Uncovering Themes, Trends, and Discourse
Authors: Sampaio Carlos , Sebastião João Renato
Published: March 2024

The world is marked by persistent and recurring socio-economic and environmental changes. The domains of social innovation and social entrepreneurship have gained prominence as catalysts for positive change and societal resilience. Despite the substantial body of literature assessing social innovation and social entrepreneurship, most studies address these topics through analyses of scientific production output or through systematic literature reviews. Conversely, the main objective of this paper is to conduct a thematic analysis of the existing scientific literature on social innovation and social entrepreneurship, published across various geographical contexts, to assess themes, trends, and discourse within these fields worldwide. Therefore, it synthesizes, analyzes, and evaluates the evolving landscape of social innovation and social entrepreneurship research over time, employing a sliding windows methodology. This approach divides the analyzed period into distinct times to meticulously track changes in themes and discourse over time. To accomplish this objective, this paper examines the evolving thematic dynamics of social innovation and social entrepreneurship within the scientific literature, serving as a driver and compelling researchers and practitioners to explore new dimensions in social innovation and social entrepreneurship. Evidence from the analysis is discussed, including the main theoretical and practical implications and proposals for future research. This paper emphasizes the importance of adaptive and resilient approaches within the domains of social innovation and social entrepreneurship and contributes to a deeper understanding of how social innovation and social entrepreneurship evolve and adapt over time, shedding light on the transformative potential of social innovation and social entrepreneurship.
Immunomodulation Evidence of Nanostructured Recombinant Proteins in Salmonid Cells
Authors: Torrealba Débora , López Daniela , Zelada Patricio , Salinas-Parra Nicolás , Valenzuela-Avilés Paula , Garcia-Fruitós Elena , Arís Anna , Mercado Luis , Altamirano Claudia , Gallardo-Matus José
Published: March 2024

Recent studies have demonstrated that immune-related recombinant proteins can enhance immune function, increasing host survival against infectious diseases in salmonids. This research evaluated inclusion bodies (IBs) of antimicrobial peptides (CAMPIB and HAMPIB) and a cytokine (IL1βIB and TNFαIB) as potential immunostimulants in farmed salmonids. For this purpose, we produced five IBs (including iRFPIB as a control), and we evaluated their ability to modulate immune marker gene expression of three IBs in the RTS11 cell line by RT–qPCR. Additionally, we characterized the scale-up of IBs production by comparing two different scale systems. The results showed that CAMPIB can increase the upregulation of tnfα, il1β, il8, and il10, HAMPIB significantly increases the upregulation of tnfα, inos, and il10, and IL1βIB significantly upregulated the expression of tnfα, il1β, and cox2. A comparison of IL1βIB production showed that the yield was greater in shake flasks than in bioreactors (39 ± 1.15 mg/L and 14.5 ± 4.08 mg/L), and larger nanoparticles were produced in shake flasks (540 ± 129 nm and 427 ± 134 nm, p < 0.0001, respectively). However, compared with its shake flask counterpart, the IL1βIB produced in a bioreactor has an increased immunomodulatory ability. Further studies are needed to understand the immune response pathways activated by IBs and the optimal production conditions in bioreactors, such as a defined medium, fed-batch production, and mechanical bacterial lysis, to increase yield.
Aerial Surveillance Leveraging Delaunay Triangulation and Multiple-UAV Imaging Systems
Authors: Alotaibi Ahad , Chatwin Chris , Birch Phil
Published: March 2024

In aerial surveillance systems, achieving optimal object detection precision is of paramount importance for effective monitoring and reconnaissance. This article presents a novel approach to enhance object detection accuracy through the integration of Delaunay triangulation with multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems. The methodology involves positioning multiple UAVs at pre-specified locations using the Delaunay triangulation algorithm with performance of O (n log n). This is compared with the conventional single UAV approach at a near distance. Our findings reveal that the collaborative efforts of multiple UAVs, guided by Delaunay triangulation, significantly improves object detection accuracy, especially when compared to a single UAV operating in close proximity. This research employs advanced image processing techniques to identify objects in the area under surveillance. Results indicate a substantial enhancement in the collective surveillance capabilities of the multi-UAV system, demonstrating its efficacy in unconstrained scenarios. This research not only contributes to the optimization of aerial surveillance operations but also underscores the potential of spatially informed UAV networks for applications demanding heightened object detection accuracy. The integration of Delaunay triangulation with multi-UAV systems emerges as a promising strategy for advancing the capabilities of aerial surveillance in scenarios ranging from security and emergency response to environmental monitoring.
Distributed State Estimation for Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles with Information Fusion Correction
Authors: Zhang Xianglin , Luo Mingqiang , Guo Simeng , Cui Zhiyang
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we explore a nonlinear interactive network system comprising nodalized flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FMAVs) to address the distributed H∞ state estimation problem associated with FMAVs. We enhance the model by introducing an information fusion function, leading to an information-fusionized estimator model. This model ensures both estimation accuracy and the completeness of FMAV topological information within a unified framework. To facilitate the analysis, each FMAV’s received signal is individually sampled using independent and time-varying samplers. Transforming the received signals into equivalent bounded time-varying delays through the input delay method yields a more manageable and analyzable time-varying nonlinear network error system. Subsequently, we construct a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) and integrate it with the refined Wirtinger and relaxed integral inequalities to derive design conditions for the FMAVs’ distributed H∞ state estimator, minimizing conservatism. Finally, we validate the effectiveness and superiority of the designed estimator through simulations.
Do Individual Differences in Perception Affect Awareness of Climate Change?
Authors: Cipriani Enrico , Frumento Sergio , Grassini Simone , Gemignani Angelo , Menicucci Danilo
Published: March 2024

One significant obstacle to gaining a widespread awareness of the ongoing climate change is the nature of its manifestations in relation to our perception: climate change effects are gradual, distributed, and sometimes seemingly contradictory. These features result in a lag in collective climate action and sometimes foster climate skepticism and climate denial. While the literature on climate change perception and belief has thoroughly explored its sociocultural and sociopolitical aspects, research on the potential contribution of psychophysiological factors remains scarce. In this perspective paper, we outline evidence and arguments for the involvement of psychophysiological systems such as thermoception, hygroreception, and interoception in modulating climate change awareness. We discuss psychophysiological mechanisms of climate change awareness in animals and humans, as well as possible sources of individual variance in climate change perception. We conclude by suggesting novel research questions which would be worthwhile to pursue in future studies.
An Analysis of the Correlation between the Asymmetry of Different EEG-Sensor Locations in Diverse Frequency Bands and Short-Term Subjective Well-Being Changes
Authors: Wutzl Betty , Leibnitz Kenji , Murata Masayuki
Published: March 2024

We focus on finding a correlation between the asymmetries of electroencephalography (EEG) signals and subjective well-being (SWB) when changed on short time scales via environmental conditions. Most research in this field focuses on frontal alpha asymmetry. We systematically examine different sensor locations and filter the sensor data into the delta band, the theta band, the alpha band, the beta band, and the gamma band, or leave the EEG signal unfiltered. We confirm that frontal alpha asymmetry is correlated to SWB. However, asymmetries between other sensors and/or filtering the data to other bands also shows a linear correlation to SWB values. Asymmetries of anterior brain regions show statistically significant results not only in the alpha band but also in the delta band and theta band, or when the data is not filtered into a specific band. Asymmetries of posterior regions show a trend to be correlated to SWB when EEG activity is higher on the opposite hemisphere and filtered into different frequency bands. Thus, our results let us conclude that focusing just on frontal sensors and the alpha band might not reveal the whole picture of brain regions and frequency bands involved in SWB.
Systemic Barriers to Optimal Cancer Care in Resource-Limited Countries: Jordanian Healthcare as an Example
Authors: Mansour Razan , Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Al-Hussaini Maysa , Shamieh Omar , Al-Ibraheem Akram , Al-Omari Amal , Mansour Asem
Published: March 2024

This narrative review explores the multifaceted barriers hindering access to quality cancer care in Jordan. A literature-based narrative review was undertaken to explore the current identified barriers to cancer care in Jordan. Four databases were searched using relevant keywords to identify key insights on barriers and proposed solutions. Key challenges and potential solutions were identified based on evidence from studies, reports, and initiatives. Medical services and infrastructure exhibit centralized disparities, impacting rural and underserved areas. Human resources shortages, geopolitical instability, and quality management issues pose significant challenges. Public awareness campaigns face hurdles in addressing the tobacco epidemic and late-stage diagnosis. Socioeconomic disparities, particularly in health insurance and urban–rural divides, further compound barriers. Refugees encounter distinct challenges, including late-stage diagnosis, financial barriers, and psychological distress. Despite multiple challenges, Jordan presents a model for regional development and health equity. This study not only contributes to improving cancer care in Jordan but also offers a roadmap for policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and researchers in similar contexts globally. Government initiatives, financial aspects, and proposed policy measures are examined as potential solutions. Recommendations include coordinated prevention strategies, enhanced screening uptake, training programs, the equitable distribution of facilities, and policy directives aligned with global commitments. The role of digital technologies, telemedicine, and community engagement models is emphasized.
Improving Skin Lesion Segmentation with Self-Training
Authors: Dzieniszewska Aleksandra , Garbat Piotr , Piramidowicz Ryszard
Published: March 2024

Skin lesion segmentation plays a key role in the diagnosis of skin cancer; it can be a component in both traditional algorithms and end-to-end approaches. The quality of segmentation directly impacts the accuracy of classification; however, attaining optimal segmentation necessitates a substantial amount of labeled data. Semi-supervised learning allows for employing unlabeled data to enhance the results of the machine learning model. In the case of medical image segmentation, acquiring detailed annotation is time-consuming and costly and requires skilled individuals so the utilization of unlabeled data allows for a significant mitigation of manual segmentation efforts. This study proposes a novel approach to semi-supervised skin lesion segmentation using self-training with a Noisy Student. This approach allows for utilizing large amounts of available unlabeled images. It consists of four steps—first, training the teacher model on labeled data only, then generating pseudo-labels with the teacher model, training the student model on both labeled and pseudo-labeled data, and lastly, training the student* model on pseudo-labels generated with the student model. In this work, we implemented DeepLabV3 architecture as both teacher and student models. As a final result, we achieved a mIoU of 88.0% on the ISIC 2018 dataset and a mIoU of 87.54% on the PH2 dataset. The evaluation of the proposed approach shows that Noisy Student training improves the segmentation performance of neural networks in a skin lesion segmentation task while using only small amounts of labeled data.
Genetic Signatures for Distinguishing Chemo-Sensitive from Chemo-Resistant Responders in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Gumenku Lemohang , Sekhoacha Mamello , Abrahams Beynon , Mashele Samson , Shoko Aubrey , Erukainure Ochuko L.
Published: March 2024

Prostate cancer remains a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly impacting South Africa with high mortality rates. Despite many years of extensive research and significant financial expenditure, there has yet to be a definitive solution to prostate cancer. It is not just individuals who vary in their response to treatment, but even different nodules within the same tumor exhibit unique transcriptome patterns. These distinctions extend beyond mere differences in gene expression levels to encompass the control and networking of individual genes. Escalating chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer patients has prompted increased research into its underlying mechanisms. The heterogeneous nature of transcriptomic organization among men makes the pursuit of universal biomarkers and one-size-fits-all treatments impractical. This study delves into the expression of drug resistance-associated genes, ABCB1 and CYP1B1, in cancer cells. Employing bioinformatics, we explored the molecular pathways and cascades linked to drug resistance following upregulation of these genes. Samples were obtained from archived prostate cancer patient specimens through pre-treatment biopsies of two categories: good vs. poor responders, with cDNAs synthesized from isolated RNAs subjected to qPCR analysis. The results revealed increased ABCB1 and CYP1B1 expression in tumor samples of the poor responders. Gene enrichment and network analysis associated ABCB1 with ABC transporters and LncRNA-mediated therapeutic resistance (WP3672), while CYP1B1 was linked to ovarian steroidogenesis, tryptophan metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, benzo(a)pyrene metabolism, the sulindac metabolic pathway, and the estrogen receptor pathway, which are associated with drug resistance. Both ABCB1 and CYP1B1 correlated with microRNAs in cancer and the Nuclear Receptors Meta-Pathway. STRING analysis predicted protein–protein interactions of ABCB1 and CYP1B1 with Glutathione S-transferase Pi, Catechol O-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6, Leucine-rich Transmembrane and O-methyltransferase (LRTOMT), and Epoxide hydrolase 1, with scores of 0.973, 0.971, 0.966, 0.966, and 0.966, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis of the chemotherapy drug, docetaxel, with CYP1B1 and ABCB1 revealed robust molecular interactions, with binding energies of −20.37 and −15.25 Kcal/mol, respectively. These findings underscore the susceptibility of cancer patients to drug resistance due to increased ABCB1 and CYP1B1 expression in tumor samples from patients in the poor-responders category that affects associated molecular pathways. The potent molecular interactions of ABCB1 and CYP1B1 with docetaxel further emphasize the potential basis for chemotherapy resistance.
On the Thermal Shock Resistance and Failure Mechanism of the Pt-Modified Aluminide Bond Coating
Authors: Xie Zhihang , Liu Qing , Hu Xiaopeng , Guo Jinwei , Zhu Wang
Published: March 2024

The failure mechanism of the Pt-modified aluminide (Pt-Al) bond coating (β-(Ni, Pt)Al coating) in a simulated service environment has seldom been investigated. Based on a self-developed thermal barrier coating service environment simulator, a thermal shock experiment of single-phase Pt-Al bond coating on DD419 substrate at a temperature of 1170 °C was conducted combined with a real-time monitoring infrared thermal imager. The lifespan and failure mechanism of the coating are analyzed in detail. The results reveal that specimens of the Pt-Al bond coating, subjected to three repeated tests, exhibit failure after 650, 528, and 793 thermal shock cycles at 1170 °C, respectively. After failure, the contents of Pt and Al elements in the peeled region are lower than those in the unpeeled area, and a diffusion zone emerges in the bond coating. The failure mechanism of the Pt-Al bond coating during the thermal shock test can be attributed to three main aspects: (1) the diffusion and consumption of the Pt element reduced the oxidation resistance of the Pt-Al bond coating; (2) the diffusion and depletion of elemental Al causes a phase change in the coating, leading to the failure of the coating; (3) thermal stresses are generated in the Pt-Al bonded coating during the thermal shock test, which ultimately leads to wrinkling.
Evaluation of Microvoid and Microleakage Potential of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites in MOD Restorations
Authors: Canik Gözde , Ulusoy Nuran , Orhan Kaan
Published: March 2024

Background: Polymerization shrinkage and microvoid formation has been a significant problem giving way to resin composite failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microvoid potential and microleakage of two bulk-fill and a microhybrid resin composite applied with different adhesive materials. Materials and Methods: MOD cavities were prepared in 60 endodontically treated maxillary premolars. The teeth were divided into six different groups (n = 10) according to adhesive systems (Gluma (Kulzer), OptiBond FL (Kerr) and resin composite materials EverX Posterior (GC) and Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M ESPE). An aging procedure with 5000 cycles of thermal cycling was applied. All teeth were individually scanned with micro-computed tomography. A Shapiro–Wilk test, two-way MANOVA, and Bonferroni analysis were used for statistical tests. Results: Self-etch groups showed more microleakage than total-etch groups. Minimum microleakage was observed in Filtek One Bulk Fill groups, whereas G-aenial Posterior groups showed maximum microleakage. Conclusions: Filtek One Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) resin composite was found to be more effective in reducing microvoid formation in MOD cavities when applied with total-etch adhesive systems. However, EverX Posterior (GC) and G-aenial Posterior (GC) showed less microvoid formation with self-etch adhesive systems.
Dynamic Interfacial Properties and Foamability of DoTAB/SiO2 Mixtures
Authors: Amankeldi Fariza , Gabdullin Maratbek , Issakhov Miras , Ospanova Zhanar , Sharipova Altynay , Aidarova Saule , Miller Reinhard
Published: March 2024

The interaction between nanoparticles and cationic surfactants is an exciting and emerging field in interfacial science. This area of research holds significant promise, linking fundamental principles to practical applications in a variety of industries, including chemical processes, biomedical applications and the petroleum industry. This study explores the interaction between dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DoTAB) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles, investigating their influence on dynamic interfacial properties and foam characteristics. Through equilibrium and dynamic surface tension measurements, along with examining the dilational visco-elasticity behavior, this research reveals the complex surface behavior of DoTAB/SiO2 mixtures compared to individual surfactant solutions. The foamability and stability experiments indicate that the addition of SiO2 significantly improves the foam stability. Notably, stable foams are achieved at low SiO2 concentrations, suggesting a cost-effective approach to enhancing the foam stability. This study identifies the optimal stability conditions for 12 mM DoTAB solutions, emphasizing the crucial role of the critical aggregation concentration region. These findings offer valuable insights for designing surfactant-nanoparticle formulations to enhance foam performance in various industrial applications.
Identification of the Risk Factors Associated with Low Bone Density in Peri- and Early Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Patel Dave B. , Nosal Briana M. , Mofrad Manije Darooghegi , Chun Ock K.
Published: March 2024

Evidence has shown that one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in postmenopausal women is osteoporosis. Despite the development of some medications, there are still safety and adherence concerns, and, thus, attention has been placed on understanding modifiable risk factors for bone loss. This study aimed to examine the differences in various sociodemographic and body composition factors, physical activity components, and nutrient and food group intake levels among peri- and early postmenopausal women with whole-body bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores greater than and less than zero. This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data obtained from 45 peri- and early postmenopausal women aged 45–60 years old who participated in a 6-month three-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that evaluated the effects of blackcurrant supplementation on bone metabolism. Anthropometric data, BMD values obtained via DXA scans, and self-reported demographic, health, dietary, and physical activity data were collected at baseline. Overall, participants with whole-body BMD Z-scores greater than zero had higher body mass indexes (BMIs), lean mass, fat mass, android fat percentages, ratios of trunk fat mass to limb fat mass, resting metabolic rates, relative skeletal muscle indexes, total and occupational physical activity, alcohol intakes, trans fatty acid intakes, and adequacy of potassium intake, but lower adequacy of vitamin E (p < 0.05). In addition, total calorie intake was positively correlated with added sugar, vitamin E, potassium, alcohol, trans fatty acids, calcium, and vitamin D intakes (p < 0.05); whole-body BMD was positively correlated with added sugars (p < 0.05); vitamin D intake was positively correlated with vitamin E, potassium, trans fatty acid, and calcium intakes (p < 0.05); and calcium intake was positively correlated with added sugar, vitamin E, potassium, and trans fatty acid intakes (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that numerous body composition factors, components of physical activity, and dietary factors are related to bone health in adult women in the menopause transition.
Impact of Moving Walls and Entropy Generation on Doubly Diffusive Mixed Convection of Casson Fluid in Two-Sided Driven Enclosure
Authors: Sivasankaran Sivanandam , Bhuvaneswari Marimuthu , Alzahrani Abdullah K.
Published: March 2024

In this study, numerical simulations are conducted with the goal of exploring the impact of the direction of the moving wall, solute and thermal transport, and entropy production on doubly diffusive convection in a chamber occupied by a Casson liquid. Wall movement has a significant impact on convective flow, which, in turn, affects the rate of mass and heat transfer; this sparked our interest in conducting further analysis. The left and right (upright) walls are preserved with constant (but different) thermal and solutal distributions, while the horizontal boundaries are impermeable to mass transfer and insulated from heat transfer. Numerical solutions are acquired using the control volume technique. Outcomes under a variety of Casson fluid parameters, including Ri, Gr, buoyancy ratio, and direction of the moving wall(s), are explored, and the influences of entropy generation are comprehensively investigated. While the flow field consists of a single cell in case I, it is dual-cellular in case III for all values of the considered parameters. Comparing the three cases, the average heat and mass transport presented lower values in case III due to the movement of an isothermal (left) wall against the buoyant force, while these values are enhanced in case I. The obtained results are expected to be useful in thermal engineering, material, food, and chemical processing applications.
Correction: Zhou et al. Optimal Flow Distribution of Military Supply Transportation Based on Network Analysis and Entropy Measurement. Entropy 2018, 20, 446
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Jin , Ding Bingqing
Published: March 2024

In the original publication [...]
Research Progress on Forest Eco-Product Value Realization and Eco-Industry: The Inspiration for Planted Forests in Karst Desertification Control
Authors: Zhang Zefu , Xiong Kangning , Zhang Yu , Ning Youze
Published: March 2024

Karst desertification (KD) is a phenomenon in which the surface of the karst region presents a landscape similar to desertification, which restricts the social development of the karst region. How to develop values based on karst desertification control is the focus of current research, with the continuous promotion of karst desertification control (KDC). Planted forests for KDC are an important part of the value realization of ecological products (EPs) and ecological industry (EI) in karst areas. The statistical analysis of 265 relevant papers in this paper shows the following: (1) the literature focuses on EP and EI research; (2) the overall research shows a year-on-year growth trend. It includes three stages: budding (2001–2006), fluctuating growth (2007–2015) and rapid development (2016–2023), with 6, 58 and 211 articles published in each stage, respectively; (3) China is the country with the largest number of articles published, followed by the United States and then Canada, accounting for 47.74%, 11.93% and 6.17%. This paper summarizes the landmark results and key scientific issues to be solved in the study directions of EP supply capacity, EP value accounting, eco-products value realization (EPVR) and EI, taking into account the above results.
Fuzzy Mandelbric Set and Its Perturbations by Dynamical Noises
Authors: Popović Nikola , Ersoy Soley , İnce İbrahim , Savić Ana , Baltić Vladimir
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we introduce a membership function used to form the fuzzy Mandelbric set and investigate the structural effects of additive and multiplicative dynamic noises on it. The newly defined membership function of this fuzzy set and its perturbations is a generalization of the indicator function for the classical Mandelbric set. We present an algorithm for detecting each complex number’s fuzzy membership degree. Through the use of the membership degrees of each complex number and experimental mathematics based on the visualizations of a variety of versions by utilizing computer-aided design, we gain a deep foresight for the structure characteristics of the additive and multiplicative perturbed fuzzy Mandelbric sets. Our novel approach allows us to identify the symmetry states of the Mandelbric set and its perturbations by the membership degrees of complex numbers, unlike the existing methods described in the literature.
Leukodystrophy with Macrocephaly, Refractory Epilepsy, and Severe Hyponatremia—The Neonatal Type of Alexander Disease
Authors: Paprocka Justyna , Nowak Magdalena , Machnikowska-Sokołowska Magdalena , Rutkowska Karolina , Płoski Rafał
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare neurodegenerative condition that represents the group of leukodystrophies. The disease is caused by GFAP mutation. Symptoms usually occur in the infantile age with macrocephaly, developmental deterioration, progressive quadriparesis, and seizures as the most characteristic features. In this case report, we provide a detailed clinical description of the neonatal type of AxD. Method: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), including a panel of 49 genes related to Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (EIEE), was carried out, and then Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband’s DNA extracted from blood. Case description: In the first weeks of life, the child presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure, which led to ventriculoperitoneal shunt implementation. Recurrent focal-onset motor seizures with secondary generalization occurred despite phenobarbital treatment. Therapy was modified with multiple anti-seizure medications. In MRI contrast-enhanced lesions in basal ganglia, midbrain and cortico-spinal tracts were observed. During the diagnostic process, GLUT-1 deficiency, lysosomal storage disorders, organic acidurias, and fatty acid oxidation defects were excluded. The NGS panel of EIEE revealed no abnormalities. In WES analysis, GFAP missense heterozygous variant NM_002055.5: c.1187C>T, p.(Thr396Ile) was detected, confirming the diagnosis of AxD. Conclusion: AxD should be considered in the differential diagnosis in all neonates with progressive, intractable seizures accompanied by macrocephaly.
Population Structure and Selection Signal Analysis of Nanyang Cattle Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing Data
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wei Zhitong , Zhang Man , Wang Shiwei , Gao Tengyun , Huang Hetian , Zhang Tianliu , Cai Hanfang , Liu Xian , Fu Tong , Liang Dong
Published: March 2024

With a rich breeding history, Nanyang cattle (NY cattle) have undergone extensive natural and artificial selection, resulting in distinctive traits such as high fertility, excellent meat quality, and disease resistance. This makes them an ideal model for studying the mechanisms of environmental adaptability. To assess the population structure and genetic diversity of NY cattle, we performed whole-genome resequencing on 30 individuals. These data were then compared with published whole-genome resequencing data from 432 cattle globally. The results indicate that the genetic structure of NY cattle is significantly different from European commercial breeds and is more similar to North–Central Chinese breeds. Furthermore, among all breeds, NY cattle exhibit the highest genetic diversity and the lowest population inbreeding levels. A genome-wide selection signal analysis of NY cattle and European commercial breeds using Fst, θπ-ratio, and θπ methods revealed significant selection signals in genes associated with reproductive performance and immunity. Our functional annotation analysis suggests that these genes may be responsible for reproduction (MAP2K2, PGR, and GSE1), immune response (NCOA2, HSF1, and PAX5), and olfaction (TAS1R3). We provide a comprehensive overview of sequence variations in the NY cattle genome, revealing insights into the population structure and genetic diversity of NY cattle. Additionally, we identify candidate genes associated with important economic traits, offering valuable references for future conservation and breeding efforts of NY cattle.
Potential Risk Factors to COVID-19 Severity: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Delta- and Omicron-Dominant Periods
Authors: Yamaguchi Daiki , Chimed-Ochir Odgerel , Yumiya Yui , Kishita Eisaku , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko , Kubo Tatsuhiko
Published: March 2024

Background: Continued study of risk factors can inform future pandemic preparedness and response. We aimed to determine the potential risk factors of COVID-19 severity among patients admitted to the hospital during the Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods. Methods: We utilized the J-SPEED-style COVID-19 Hospital version, a pre-administered questionnaire, to collect data from hospitals in Hiroshima Prefecture between 8 August 2021 and 19 April 2022. Results: During the Delta-dominant period, patients aged over 65 (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.75–3.84), males (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.12–1.81) and with BMI exceeding 25 (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.57–2.52), diabetes (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.40–2.95), and those with fewer than two doses of vaccine (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.46–3.91) were at a greater risk of severe COVID-19 compared to those without these risk factors. During the Omicron-dominant period, significantly greater severity was observed among patients over 65 years old (OR = 3.89, 95% CI = 2.95–5.12), males (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.40–2.21), those with high blood pressure (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.02–1.65), and mental disorder (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.69–2.92) compared to patients without these risks. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that risk factors vary across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Examining variant-specific risk factors for COVID-19 severity can aid policymakers, public health specialists, and clinicians in prioritizing screening, treatment, and vaccination efforts, especially during potential healthcare resource shortages.
Influences of Indoor Air Temperatures on Empathy and Positive Affect
Authors: Christoforou Rania , Pallubinsky Hannah , Burgholz Tobias Maria , El-Mokadem Mahmoud , Bardey Janine , Rewitz Kai , Müller Dirk , Schweiker Marcel
Published: March 2024

The consequences of climate change are already visible, and yet, its effect on psychosocial factors, including the expression of empathy, affect, and social disconnection, is widely unknown. Outdoor conditions are expected to influence indoor conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of indoor air temperature during work hours on empathy, positive and negative affect, and social disconnection. Participants (N = 31) were exposed, in a cross-over design, to two thermal conditions in a simulated office environment. Questions on empathy and social disconnection were administered before and after the exposure to each condition, while affect was measured throughout the day. Subjective thermal sensation and objective measures of mean skin temperature were considered. The results indicated a significant difference in empathy (F(1, 24) = 5.37, p = 0.03, with an η2 = 0.126) between conditions. Participants reported increases in empathy after exposure to the warm condition compared to the cool condition, in which reductions in empathy were reported. Although the same pattern was observed for positive affect, the difference was smaller and the results were not significant. Thermal sensation had a significant effect on changes in empathy too (F(1, 54) = 7.015, p = 0.01, with an R2 = 0.115), while mean skin temperature had no effect on empathy (F(1, 6) = 0.53, p = 0.89, with an R2 = 0.81). No effects were observed for positive and negative affect and social disconnection. Longitudinal studies are needed to support these findings.