bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-speed, sub-volt silicon microring modulator driven by high-mobility transparent conducting oxide
Authors: Hsu Wei-Che , Nujhat Nabila , Kupp Benjamin , Conley John F. , Wang Alan X.
Published: September 2024

We demonstrated a MOSCAP silicon microring modulator integrated with high-mobility titanium-doped indium oxide, achieving sub-volt 0.8 Vpp modulation up to 25 Gb/s, marking a milestone in transparent conducting oxide modulators for efficient optical communication.
Practical guide for programmable control of ultrashort laser pulse propagation dynamics along any trajectory
Authors: Franco Enar , Martínez-Matos Óscar , Rodrigo José A.
Published: September 2024

Curved-Shaped Laser (CSL) pulses are a new kind of structured ultrashort laser pulses whose spatiotemporal properties along any trajectory are controlled on demand. We present a practical guide to design and experimentally create CSL pulses.
Representation of Spatiotemporal Wave Packets Having Dynamic Motion on a Modified Poincaré Sphere
Authors: Zeng Ruoyu , Su Xinzhou , Wang Yingning , Jiang Zile , Lian Hongkun , Zhou Huibin , Duan Yuxiang , Ko Wing , Ramakrishnan Muralekrishnan , Alhaddad Abdulrahman , Tur Moshe , Christodoulides Demetrios N. , Willner Alan E.
Published: September 2024

Spatiotemporal wave packets having dynamic motion are represented as points on a modified Poincaré sphere. Wave packets having different motion trajectories and 4.8ps period can be experimentally synthesized by combining 208-GHz spaced frequencies having different modes.
Hybrid Air-Bulk Multipass Cell Compressor for High Pulse Energies with Spatio-temporal Characterization
Authors: Omar Alan , Hoffmann Martin , Galle Geoffrey , Sylla François , Saraceno Clara J.
Published: September 2024

We present a highly simplified high-energy Herriott-type multipass cell (MPC) compression setup operated at ambient air at 400 µJ pulse energy. We compress 220 fs pulses to 27 fs at 40.3 W average power at 100 kHz, enhancing the peak power from 1.6 GW to 10.2 GW. Furthermore, we fully characterize spatio-temporal couplings and geometrical aberrations, using the INSIGHT device, revealing excellent spatio-temporal properties.
Temporal Compression of a Vortex Pulse in a Gas-Filled Capillary
Authors: Vimal Mekha , Natile Michele , Lupi Jean-François , Guichard Florent , Descamp Dominique , Hanna Marc , Georges Patrick
Published: September 2024

We study nonlinear propagation of a pulse propagating over a set of four capillary modes that carries an orbital angular momentum. This results in compression from 640 to 74 fs, while preserving the spatial structure.
Linear and Nonlinear Interactions in Hybrid Microresonators with Controllable Coupling
Authors: Pal Arghadeep , Ghosh Alekhya , Zhang Hao , Ghalanos George , Bi Toby , Zhang Shuangyou , Hill Lewis , Del’Haye Pascal
Published: September 2024

We investigate linear and nonlinear dynamics of light in coupled resonators. In our experiments, we can adjust the coupling gap between two resonators in real-time to study symmetry breaking of hybridized counterpropagating modes.
Bright Microresonator Solitons in the Normal Dispersion Regime
Authors: Zhang Shuangyou , Bi Toby , Del’Haye Pascal
Published: September 2024

We report the first experimental observation of bright single soliton states in the normal dispersion regime of a microresonator. The soliton generation can be explained by higher order dispersion.
28 THz soliton frequency comb in a continuous-wave pumped fiber Fabry-Pérot resonator
Authors: Bunel T. , Conforti M. , Ziani Z. , Lumeau J. , Moreau A. , Fernandez A. , Llopis O. , Bourcier G. , Mussot A.
Published: September 2024

We report the generation of a stable and broadband optical frequency comb featuring 28 THz bandwidth, sustained by a single 80 fs cavity soliton recirculating in a fiber Fabry-Pérot resonator. This large spectrum is comparable to frequency combs obtained with microresonators operating in the anomalous dispersion regime. Thanks to the compact design and the easy coupling of the resonator, cavity solitons can be generated in an all-fiber experimental setup with a continuous wave pumping scheme.
On-chip optical parametric oscillation aided multiple frequency combs generation in a single Si3N4 microresonator
Authors: Weng Haizhong , Kumar Vikash , Tu Huilan , Lu Qiaoyin , Guo Weihua , Donegan John F.
Published: September 2024

Multiple Kerr frequency combs are demonstrated within a single pumped Si3N4 microresonator, facilitated by optical parametric oscillation. These coexisting frequency combs hold significant potential for applications in spectroscopy and sensing.
Non-Hermitian degeneracy of electrically tunable intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces
Authors: Chung Hyeongju , Kim Beomjoon , Boehm Gerhard , Belkin Mikhail A. , Lee Jongwon
Published: September 2024

We propose non-hermitian degeneracies in the mid-infrared using two orthogonal and electrically tunable plasmonic split-ring resonators. These resonators are coupled to intersubband transitions in multiple-quantum wells and can be individually controlled by two bias voltages.
Active twistoptics: on-chip multidimensional dynamic control for data hypercube reconstruction
Authors: Tang Haoning , Lou Beicheng , Du Fan , Gao Guangqi , Zhang Mingjie , Ni Xueqi , Yacoby Amir , Cao Yuan , Fan Shanhui , Mazur Eric
Published: September 2024

Our MEMS-integrated twistoptics device enables precise control of interlayer gaps and twist angles in photonic crystals, achieving high-accuracy, multidimensional light manipulation with significant potential in reconfigurable nanophotonics.
Waveguide-fed Metasurfaces for High NA Focusing at Ultrashort Distances
Authors: Iyer Hrishikesh T , Vlasov Yurii
Published: September 2024

We experimentally demonstrate high-confinement waveguide-fed metasurfaces that produce nearly diffraction-limited spots at numerical apertures (NAs) as high as 0.95 with focal lengths as small as 15λ and sustain their efficiencies through high NAs
HADAR: Machine Perception Through Pitch Darkness like Broad Daylight
Authors: Bao Fanglin , Wang Xueji , Sureshbabu Shree Hari , Sreekumar Gautam , Yang Liping , Aggarwal Vaneet , Boddeti Vishnu N. , Jacob Zubin
Published: September 2024

We introduce heat-assisted detection and ranging (HADAR) overcoming open challenges in thermal sensing. HADAR sees texture and depth through the darkness as if it were day and perceives physical attributes beyond RGB or thermal vision.
Mid-Infrared Integrated Electro-Optic Modulator on a Suspended Lithium Niobate Platform
Authors: Lee Chun-Ho , Ren Xinyi , Ou Shaoyuan , Kopparapu Reshma , Chen Zaijun , Yu Mengjie
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate an integrated electro-optic (EO) modulator with a record VπL of 5.68 V·cm in the mid-infrared on a suspended thin-film-lithium-niobate platform and EO frequency comb generation at 2.55-µm with a line-spacing of 28.8-GHz.
Demonstration and Analysis of the very first Mid-infrared Sub-mW Threshold Brillouin Laser
Authors: Ko Kiyoung , Suk Daewon , Kim Dohyeong , Wang Rongping , Chun Byung Jae , Ko Kwang-Hoon , Choi Duk-Yong , Lee Hansuek
Published: September 2024

We demonstrate and analyze the first mid-infrared on-chip Brillouin laser generated using chalcogenide resonators. Q-factor of 2.91 × 10଻, phonon gain bandwidth of 14.51 MHz and threshold power of 93.3 μW were measured.
Single-mode waveguides in barium titanate-on-insulator platform fabricated by wet etching
Authors: Lin Hong-Lin , Aashna Pragati , Cao Yu , Danner Aaron
Published: September 2024

We present, for the first time, single-mode single-crystal barium titanate waveguides on insulator, achieved through a wet-etching method. This etching approach opens new possibilities for the development of barium-titanate-based integrated optical devices.
Hyperspectral acquisition with ScanImage at the single pixel level: application to time domain coherent Raman imaging
Authors: Metais Samuel , Suresh Sisira , Diniz Paulo , Vourdaki Chrysa , Martin Ines , Shivkumar Siddarth , Bartels Randy , Forget Nicolas , Rigneault Hervé
Published: September 2024

We present a comprehensive strategy and its practical implementation using the commercial ScanImage software platform to perform hyperspectral point scanning microscopy when a fast time-dependent signal varies at each pixel level. In the proposed acquisition scheme, the scan along the X-axis is slowed down while the data acquisition is maintained at a high pace to enable the rapid acquisition of the time-dependent signal at each pixel level. The ScanImage generated raw 2D images have a very asymmetric aspect ratio between X and Y, the X axis encoding both for space and time acquisition. The results are X-axis macro-pixel where the associated time-dependent signal is sampled to provide hyperspectral information. We exemplified the proposed hyperspectral scheme in the context of time-domain coherent Raman imaging, where a pump pulse impulsively excites molecular vibrations that are subsequently probed by a time-delayed probe pulse. In this case, the time-dependent signal is a fast acousto-optics delay line that can scan a delay of 4.5ps in 25μs at each pixel level. With this acquisition scheme, we demonstrate ultra-fast hyperspectral vibrational imaging in the low frequency range [10cm−1, 150 cm−1] over a 500 μm field of view (64 x 64 pixels) in 130ms (∼ 7.5 frames/s). The proposed acquisition scheme can be readily extended to other applications requiring the acquisition of a fast-evolving signal at each pixel level.
Grating mediated by three-dimensional director solitons
Authors: Li Bingxiang , Tang Xing-Zhou , Li Chao-Yi , Huang Zhi-Jun , Sun Ge , Wang Zeyu , Liu Yuan , Pablo Juan , Lu Yanqing
Published: September 2024

Within the realm of soft matter, particularly liquid crystals, the ability to leverage material properties to create switchable diffraction gratings holds significant importance in disciplines such as optics and information science. However, designing switchable patterns and compiling information based on output images remain challenging. Here, we introduce an approach to address these limitations by designing switchable grating mediated by three-dimensional director solitons. We utilize photopatterning, employing lithography systems with different ultraviolet light, to fabricate the desired patterns. This method allows solitons to nucleate and localize within the regions of the pattern where the anchoring energy is weaker. The periodic structures, alternating between solitons and uniform patterns, exhibit the ability to diffract light beam. By switching the voltage, we can control the generation and localization of solitons within periodic patterns and realize switching between the waveplate and grating. Our experimental findings, complemented by simulation outcomes, validate the feasibility of utilizing three-dimensional solitons in optical applications.
pyPAGE: A framework for Addressing biases in gene-set enrichment analysis—A case study on Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bakulin Artemy , Teyssier Noam B. , Kampmann Martin , Khoroshkin Matvei , Goodarzi Hani
Published: September 2024

Inferring the driving regulatory programs from comparative analysis of gene expression data is a cornerstone of systems biology. Many computational frameworks were developed to address this problem, including our iPAGE (information-theoretic Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression) toolset that uses information theory to detect non-random patterns of expression associated with given pathways or regulons. Our recent observations, however, indicate that existing approaches are susceptible to the technical biases that are inherent to most real world annotations. To address this, we have extended our information-theoretic framework to account for specific biases and artifacts in biological networks using the concept of conditional information. To showcase pyPAGE, we performed a comprehensive analysis of regulatory perturbations that underlie the molecular etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). pyPAGE successfully recapitulated several known AD-associated gene expression programs. We also discovered several additional regulons whose differential activity is significantly associated with AD. We further explored how these regulators relate to pathological processes in AD through cell-type specific analysis of single cell and spatial gene expression datasets. Our findings showcase the utility of pyPAGE as a precise and reliable biomarker discovery in complex diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Diagnosis of brucellosis: Combining tests to improve performance
Authors: Loubet Paul , Magnan Chloé , Salipante Florian , Pastre Théo , Keriel Anne , O’Callaghan David , Sotto Albert , Lavigne Jean-Philippe
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, remains a significant global health concern in many parts of the world. Traditional diagnostic methods, including serological tests, suffer from limitations, including low sensibility and high false-positive rates, emphasizing the need for improved diagnostic strategies. In this study, we aimed to optimize diagnostic accuracy by reevaluating serological tests and exploring novel diagnostic algorithms.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted using sera collected between June 2012 and June 2023 at the French National Reference Center for Brucella. Various serological tests, including Rose Bengal plate test (RBT), standard agglutination test (SAT), Brucellacapt, and ELISA for IgM and IgG, were performed. Different diagnostic algorithms were evaluated, combining RBT with SAT, Brucellacapt, and ELISA to enhance the performance of diagnostic tests.

Results

Among 3587 sera analyzed, 148 were confirmed cases of human brucellosis. Individual serological tests exhibited good sensitivity and specificity but lacked diagnostic accuracy. However, combining RBT with SAT or Brucellacapt significantly improved diagnostic performance, with reduced false positives. The most promising results were observed when an algorithm was built combining RBT, Brucellacapt, and ELISA for IgM and IgG (a score value of 0.5 with 90.5% for sensitivity, 99.7% for specificity, 92.4% for PPV, and 99.6% for NPV).

Conclusions

Serological tests remain crucial for brucellosis diagnosis, but their limitations necessitate innovative diagnostic approaches. Combining multiple serological tests in diagnostic algorithms shows promise in improving diagnostic accuracy. Efforts to refine diagnostic, strengthen surveillance, and raise awareness are essential for effective brucellosis control, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Image denoising method integrating ridgelet transform and improved wavelet threshold
Authors: Li Bingbing , Cong Yao , Mo Hongwei
Published: September 2024

In the field of image processing, common noise types include Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, speckle noise, uniform noise and pulse noise. Different types of noise require different denoising algorithms and techniques to maintain image quality and fidelity. Traditional image denoising methods not only remove image noise, but also result in the detail loss in the image. It cannot guarantee the clean removal of noise information while preserving the true signal of the image. To address the aforementioned issues, an image denoising method combining an improved threshold function and wavelet transform is proposed in the experiment. Unlike traditional threshold functions, the improved threshold function is a continuous function that can avoid the pseudo Gibbs effect after image denoising and improve image quality. During the process, the output image of the finite ridge wave transform is first combined with the wavelet transform to improve the denoising performance. Then, an improved threshold function is introduced to enhance the quality of the reconstructed image. In addition, to evaluate the performance of different algorithms, different densities of Gaussian noise are added to Lena images of black, white, and color in the experiment. The results showed that when adding 0.010.01 variance Gaussian noise to black and white images, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the research method increased by 2.58dB in a positive direction. The mean square error decreased by 0.10dB. When using the algorithm for denoising, the research method had a minimum denoising time of only 13ms, which saved 9ms and 3ms compared to the hard threshold algorithm (Hard TA) and soft threshold algorithm (Soft TA), respectively. The research method exhibited higher stability, with an average similarity error fluctuating within 0.89%. The above results indicate that the research method has smaller errors and better system stability in image denoising. It can be applied in the field of digital image denoising, which can effectively promote the positive development of image denoising technology to a certain extent.
Diagnostic classification based on DNA methylation profiles using sequential machine learning approaches
Authors: Wojewodzic Marcin W. , Lavender Jan P.
Published: September 2024

Aberrant methylation patterns in human DNA have great potential for the discovery of novel diagnostic and disease progression biomarkers. In this paper we used machine learning algorithms to identify promising methylation sites for diagnosing cancerous tissue and to classify patients based on methylation values at these sites. We used genome-wide DNA methylation patterns from both cancerous and normal tissue samples, obtained from the Genomic Data Commons consortium and trialled our methods on three types of urological cancer. A decision tree was used to identify the methylation sites most useful for diagnosis. The identified locations were then used to train a neural network to classify samples as either cancerous or non-cancerous. Using this two-step approach we found strong indicative biomarker panels for each of the three cancer types. These methods could likely be translated to other cancers and improved by using non-invasive liquid methods such as blood instead of biopsy tissue.
More online interaction, more stock liquidity:——Evidence from Chinese stock exchange online interaction platform
Authors: Zhang Kun , Hu Zhenyi , Shen Jianfei , Wang Yuanyuan
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the impact of online interaction between investors and enterprises on stock liquidity, using data from A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2021. Firstly, our findings reveal that more frequent interaction leads to better stock liquidity, and this result remains consistent across various robustness tests. Secondly, we observe that the expected tenure of senior executives and the ratio of institutional investor ownership exert a significant moderating effect on this relationship. Thirdly, this effect varies across enterprises at different development stages and with different ownership structures, being more pronounced in growing and privately-owned companies. Furthermore, this paper finds an inverted U-shaped relationship between reply length and stock liquidity, indicating that excessively long replies may introduce noise and negatively affect liquidity. This study provides new insights into how online interactions can improve market efficiency and offers practical implications for corporate governance and investor relations.
Screening and diagnosis of COPD and asthma based on government guidelines empowering peripheral health workers in Pune district Maharashtra, India: A study protocol
Authors: Gothankar Jayashree Sachin , Bargaje Medha Deepak , Patil Sanjivani Vishwanath , Doke Prakash Prabhakarrao
Published: September 2024

COPD is the second leading cause of death in India. The guidelines for early detection of COPD were released by the Government of India in 2019. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, its implementation could not be optimal. Diagnosis of COPD is based on the presence of respiratory symptoms, the presence of exposure to risk factors, and the presence of poorly reversible airflow obstruction as assessed using a spirometer. Spirometers are currently available only at a few district hospitals. The existing guidelines expect the patient to visit the Rural hospital/ Community Health Centre, which does not have a spirometer or a pulmonary medicine specialist. Also, it is not feasible or accessible for patients to visit the district hospital to get diagnosed. The current study will be implemented to determine the prevalence, annual incidence of COPD and asthma, quality of life, and nutritional status of COPD and asthma patients. The novelty of this implementation research, which will be conducted in collaboration with Zilla Parishad (i.e., Government), Pune district, is the empowerment of an Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA), a peripheral health worker to screen all individuals using a peak flow meter and confirmation of the diagnosis at health and wellness center (HWC). An accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) will take relevant history to suspect COPD and asthma in 30+-year-old adults, and she will refer the suspected cases to the Community Health Officer (CHO) at the Health and Wellness Center. The CHO/ Medical officer of PHC will initiate the appropriate treatment after confirming the diagnosis using a portable spirometer. The difficult-to-diagnose patients with comorbidity and acute exacerbations will be referred to the nearest higher center, i.e., Primary Health Centre (PHC) or Community Health Centre (CHC), where a primary care physician is available. The ASHA workers will provide two follow-ups to these patients in a year, depending on the severity, to ensure compliance with the treatment. Thus, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of COPD and asthma at the community level may help to reduce the episodes of acute exacerbations.
Does managerial myopia promote enterprises over-financialization? Evidence from listed firms in China
Authors: Chen Yanchi , Ye Ju , Shi Qi
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the potential shortsightedness of enterprise managers through annual reports. Additionally, we use corporate financial statement data to measure enterprises over-financialization in terms of resource allocation. After testing with a causal inference model, we find that firms with managerial myopia significantly contribute to over-financialization. It remains robust even after the instrumental variable of whether the manager has experienced a famine is used. Furthermore, financial distress and financing constraints amplify the inclination of short-term-focused managers to amass greater financial assets.
Potentials of invasive Bidens pilosa, Conyza bonariensis and Parthenium hysterophorus species based on germination patterns and growth traits
Authors: Al-Qthanin Rahmah , Radwan Asmaa M. , Donia AbdElRaheim M. , Balah Mohamed A.
Published: September 2024

Invasive alien species drive extensive ecological changes and cause unexpected risks worldwide. Perceptive germination requirements and the growth function of invasive species are crucial for understanding their invasion and subsequent dissemination in various environmental conditions. Therefore, the germination response of invasive Conyza bonariensis, Parthenium hysterophorus, and Bidens pilosa of Asteraceae family were examined under alternating temperature regimes and some environmental factors. The prevailing germination ability occurs highest at moderate-temperature regimes at 20/30°C attained by 94.83% (C. bonariensis) and at 20/25 SS by 96.28% (P. hysterophorus) and high-temperature regimes at 25/30°C reached 92.94% (B. pilosa) respectively. The half germination percentage (G50) was -0.406 MPa and 2878.35 ppm (B. pilosa), -0.579 MPa and 2490.9 ppm (C. bonariensis), and—0.32 MPa and 2490.8 ppm (P. hysterophorus) affected by osmotic pressure and salt stress (NaCl) respectively. The highest growth plasticity characteristics were identified in total dry mass attained at 0.968 (C. bonariensis), 0.985 (B. pilosa) and 0.957 (P. hysterophorus) respectively. The relative growth, net assimilation and plasticity index appeared higher in both B. pilosa, and C. bonariensis than P. hysterophorus in the invaded area. In conclusion, germination and growth traits are precisely functional factors that correlate to invasion success under stressed conditions, and zones, and also lead to successful control plans for invasive species and ecological protection.
Temporal modeling of nitrogen dioxide levels on Main Street, East Los Angeles: Estimating annual periodic components using the Variable Bandpass Periodic Block Bootstrap
Authors: Di Maio Megan , Valachovic Edward
Published: September 2024

In this study we assess periodicities in nitrogen dioxide levels at a location in Los Angeles using a novel Variable Bandpass Periodic Block Bootstrap (VBPBB) method resulting in confidence interval bands for the periodic mean. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an air pollutant primarily produced by the combustion of fossil fuels by power plants and vehicles with internal combustion engines which has been linked with a variety of adverse health outcomes including dementia, breast cancer, decreased cognitive function, increased susceptibility to Covid-19, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Previous analysis methods such as block bootstrapping can obscure periodically correlated patterns in time series. The sampling destroys the correlation observed in the data for patterns of different periods, such as the daily, weekly and yearly patterns of nitrogen dioxide levels we wish to investigate. We use the VBPBB method to isolate significant periodicities using a band pass filter before bootstrapping so that the correlations between the data are preserved. Confidence interval bands for VBPBB are compared against existing block bootstrapping. The resulting narrower confidence interval bands created by VBPBB show a significant annual fluctuation in nitrogen dioxide levels while the existing methods do not show it as clearly. Better characterization of pollution patterns will aid in pollution reduction efforts by allowing us to pinpoint times of highest risk and direct mitigation efforts where they will have the greatest impact. This technique exhibits potential for future applications to other areas of environmental and health interest and concern.
Unveiling the viroporin arsenal in plant viruses: Implications for the future
Authors: Wu Guanwei , Chen Jianping , Wang Aiming , Yan Fei
Published: September 2024

Viroporins are small, hydrophobic viral proteins that modify cellular membranes to form tiny pores for influx of ions and small molecules. Previously, viroporins were identified exclusively in vertebrate viruses. Recent studies have shown that both plant-infecting positive-sense single-stranded (+ss) and negative-sense single-stranded (-ss) RNA viruses also encode functional viroporins. These seminal discoveries not only advance our understanding of the distribution and evolution of viroporins, but also open up a new field of plant virus research.
Humanization of digital technologies
Authors: Siemon Dominik , Wolff Annika
Published: September 2024

This editorial introduces the special issue arising from the "11th International Conference on Communities and Technologies - Humanisation of Digital Technologies". It sets the stage for a series of papers that illustrate a shift from technology-centred to human-centred approaches in the development of digital technologies. The editorial highlights the central theme of the conference, emphasising the integration of human needs and values to enhance societal well-being and environmental sustainability. It outlines the overarching goals of humanising digital technologies, discusses the significance of each of the included papers in advancing these goals, and emphasises the importance of ethical considerations and user-centred design. This issue demonstrates practical approaches to embedding human values at the core of technological innovation, ensuring that digital technologies serve societal needs and support inclusive and sustainable development.
Clinical characteristics of patients with different subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus: research results
Authors: Volkova N. I. , Davidenko I. Y. , Degtiareva Y. S. , Sorokina Y. A. , Avrutskaya V. V.
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common diseases during pregnancy. To date, there is evidence showing that not all pregnant women with GDM have the same risks of developing complications. Identification of patients at increased risk of complications may be necessary given the increasing prevalence of GDM. The need for a more detailed study of GDM subtypes to identify patients at high risk of complications formed the basis of the study.

PURPOSE. Determination of anamnestic, phenotypic, and biochemical characteristics of GDM subtypes for the further development of diagnostic and treatment methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. A single-center observational prospective study was carried out at the Department of Internal Medicine No. 3 of the Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the period from April 2021 to August 2022. The study included 130 pregnant women. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose assessing fasting, 60- and 120-minutes venous plasma glucose and insulin levels, and fasting blood was drawn to determine levels of main lipid metabolism indicators, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B, adiponectin, leptin and omentin, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein. All study participants underwent anamnesis and physical ­examination with assessment of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, signs of acanthosis nigricans, and a questionnaire. When GDM was detected, the Matsuda index was calculated: >50th percentile in comparison with the values of pregnant women without carbohydrate metabolism disorders, the patient belonged to the group of GDM with β-cell dysfunction; <50th percentile - to the GDM group with predominant insulin resistance.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Women with GDM and insulin resistance were older, had a higher BMI before pregnancy, greater weight gain, and more often had signs of acanthosis nigricans compared to patients with GDM and β-cell dysfunction. Also, when comparing patients with different subtypes of GDM, numerous biochemical differences and lifestyle features were identified..

CONCLUSION. We demonstrated pronounced anamnestic, phenotypic, and biochemical heterogeneity in patients with different subtypes of GDM, which may become the basis for the further development of verification of GDM subtypes.
Classification of the Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy: evolution of views and unsolved problems
Authors: Bregovskiy V. B. , Osnach S. A. , Obolenskiy V. N. , Demina A. G. , Rybinskaya A. L. , Protsko V. G.
Published: September 2024

Diabetic Charcot neuroosteoarthropathy is a manifestation of diabetic foot syndrome, accompanied by a high risk of foot ulcers and amputation. Many aspects of this pathology due to its features remain poorly understood, which leads to difficulties in determining the tactics of treatment of these patients. This review analyzes of anatomical and functional classifications of Charcot foot. The review focuses on the midfoot pathology as the most severe in their consequences. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to the description of the X-ray picture of the disease at its various stages are analyzed. The systematization of the literature allows us to conclude that the existing approaches to classification are relatively acceptable mainly when planning conservative treatment. At the same time, detailed anatomical and radiological classifications do not help in choosing the tactics of reconstructive surgical treatment. With the increasing availability of reconstructive surgery for severe deformities due to Charcot’s arthropathy, it seems appropriate to develop classification systems that could become a practical tool for determining surgical tactics in this pathology.
Analysis of the effectiveness of outpatient treatment of patients with diabetic foot
Authors: Komelyagina E. Y. , Antsiferov M. B.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot syndrome is a late complication of diabetes mellitus and the main reason for non-traumatic amputations of the lower extremities in diabetic patients. Currently, standards of medical care have been developed and implemented for the treatment and prevention of this complication. At the same time, there is a lack of publications on the effectiveness of specialized care, especially at the pre-hospital stage.

AIM: To analyze the results of treatment of patients with diabetic foot on an outpatient basis in a specialized department and identify the factors affecting them.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients with diabetic foot ulcers receiving specialized outpatient treatment in the diabetic foot department were analyzed. All patients underwent an assessment of the peripheral sensitivity and blood flow of low extremities during the initial examination. Treatment was prescribed in accordance with the presence and severity of infection and ischemia of the affected limb. The number of amputations at different levels, the percentage of healed and unhealed wounds during the year were analyzed. Predictors of high amputations and non healing during the year were identified.

RESULTS: Out of 503 patients with diabetic foot, neuropathic diabetic foot was diagnosed in 336 (67%) patients, neuro-ischemic in 167 (33%). Healing without amputations in the general cohort of patients was noted in 407 cases (81%). In 32 (7%) cases, amputations were required, of which: 23 (5%) within the foot, 3 above ankle (0.6%), 6 above knee (1.2%). Death occurred in 6 patients (1.2%), 2 of them after hip amputation. 61 patients (12%) continued to be treated at the end of the study. The predictors of high amputations in the general cohort of patients were age, impaired arterial blood flow in the arteries of the lower extremities, the depth of the Wagner ulcer and the level of glycated hemoglobin. Predictors of the non healing during the year were: the presence of impaired arterial blood flow and untimely treatment for specialized medical care.

CONCLUSION: The data obtained demonstrated the high effectiveness of specialized care for patients with diabetic foot ulcers at the prehospital stage
Practical Applications of Russian DPP4 Inhibitor Gosogliptin in “Palitra” Large-Scale Observational Study
Authors: Shestakova M. V. , Biryukova E. V.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: To date, the results of Metformin, Gosogliptin and combination thereof have not been studied on a large patient population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), including comorbid patients, in real clinical settings in the Russian Federation.

AIM: The aim is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, treatment adherence and satisfaction of patients with DM2 with the use of Metformin and Gosogliptin sugar-lowering drugs and combination thereof in routine clinical practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The nationwide PALITRA multicenter observational study was conducted among patients with DM2 who were prescribed therapy with Metformin or Gosogliptin or combination thereof in everyday clinical practice. Groups were formed according to the sugar-lowering drug administered; a total of 5741 patients aged 18 to 65 years with DM2 and a wide comorbidity profile participated. The observation period was 6 months. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, glycemic parameters, and biochemical parameters (ALT, AST and plasma creatinine) were recorded initially and 3 and 6 months after the initiation of therapy with the study drugs. Adherence to therapy and patient and physician satisfaction with the treatment were assessed using Likert scale.

RESULTS: HbA1c level decreased by 1.03% in the Metformin monotherapy group and by 0.95% in the Gosogliptin monotherapy and Metformin and Gosogliptin combination therapy groups by Week 24. By the end of the study, 49.6% of patients with DM2 reached the target HbA1c level (<7.0%). The proportion of patients with HbA1c level <7.0% was 61.0% in the Metformin group, 47.75% and 47.2% in the Gosogliptin and Metformin/Gosogliptin dual combination therapy groups, respectively. The incidence of hypoglycemic episodes was very low throughout the whole period of observation, during which body weight decreased slightly. High satisfaction of patients and physicians with DM2 treatment was shown. This was reflected by high Likert scale scores.

CONCLUSION: It has been proved that Metformin, Gosogliptin and the combination of Metformin and Gosogliptin were highly effective and safe (low incidence of hypoglycemia and no effect on body weight), and patients and physicians had been satisfied with the sugar-lowering therapy in a sufficient number of Russian patients with DM2 and a wide comorbidity profile.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Pada Lembaga Keuangan Mikro
Authors: Widya Sari Marti
Published: September 2024

Abstrak: Sistem informasi akuntansi merupakan salah satu jenis sistem informasi yang diperlukan oleh perusahaan dalam menangani kegiatan operasionalnya. Tujuan akhir dari kegiatan akuntansi adalah penerbitan laporan-laporan keuangan. Pada organisasi besar SIA merupakan bagian dari Sistem Informasi Manajemen (SIM). Pengembangan sistem informasi akuntansi ini menggunakan pendekatan moduler (Modular Approach). Pendekatan moduler berusaha memecah sistem yang rumit menjadi beberapa bagian atau modul yang sederhana, sehingga sistem akan lebih mudah dipahami dan dikembangkan.
Dengan adanya sistem informasi akuntansi ini, maka semua laporan keuangan sudah secara otomatis terbentuk, sehingga jika ingin melihat laporan harian, bulanan maupun tahunan dapat dengan mudah meng- aksesnya. Penggunaanya memang harus sesuai standar dan prosedur operasional sistem untuk menghasilkan data yang akurat.
SALVADOR MUÑOZ-VIÑAS, A Theory of Cultural Heritage: Beyond The Intangible, Oxon and New York 2023, Routledge, ISBN 9781032263946
Authors: Vuksan Martina
Published: September 2024

Recenze
Urinary BLCA-4 is Highly Specific for Detection of Bladder Cancer in Chinese Han Population and Is Related to Tumour Invasiveness
Authors: Feng C. C. , Wang P. H. , Guan M. , Jiang H. W. , Wen H. , Ding Qiang , Wu Zhong
Published: September 2024

BLCA-4 is currently the most sensitive and specific urinary marker for bladder cancer. As the incidence of bladder cancer varies by ethnic and territory, we tended to evaluate the feasibility of bladder cancer detection using urinary BLCA-4 in Chinese Han nationality. Urines from 79 bladder cancer patients, 31 urinary tract infection patients and 29 normal controls were included. Tissue specimens of 53 bladder cancers, 24 pathologically normal tumour-adjacent urothelium and 15 healthy controls were involved. BLCA-4 antibody was produced and applied in an indirect ELISA assay for urine samples and immunohistochemistry study in tissue samples. Urinary BLCA-4 was significantly higher in the bladder cancer group (P = 0.0001). The level was in no relation to age, gender, growth pattern, grade or stage. Discrepant to reported data, a cut-off value of 1.7 × 10–4 A was acquired here, which yields a sensitivity of 97.37 % and specificity of 100 %. Muscle invasiveness was related to a higher BLCA-4 level (P = 0.0175). Tumour tissues were also scored higher in staining (P = 0.0001), yet this was not related to invasiveness. In 41.67 % of adjacent normal tissue we found positive BLCA-4 expression. Urinary BLCA-4 was also highly specific in bladder cancer detection in the Chinese, with additional indicative value in muscle invasiveness detection. A cut-off value of 1.7 × 10–4 A may be more adaptive to Chinese Han population.
Effects of Tandem Shock Waves Combined with Photosan and Cytostatics on the Growth of Tumours
Authors: Beneš J. , Poučková P. , Zeman Jan , Zadinová M. , Šunka P. , Lukeš P. , Kolářová H.
Published: September 2024

Shock waves, pressure waves manifested as a sharp increase in positive pressure followed by a decrease and the negative part of the wave, are not only used to treat concrements in medicine. Recently, research has been focused on the possibility of their use for damaging the tumour tissue. In contrast to concrements, which are different from the surrounding tissue by their acoustic impedance, the tumour tissue has the same acoustic impedance as the surrounding soft tissue. Therefore, we have developed a new source of shock waves, which is based on the principle of multichannel discharge. This new source generates two successive shock waves (tandem shock waves). The first shock creates acoustic non-homogeneity and cavitations in the tissue, and the second shock is damped in it. In this work we demonstrated the effect of tandem shock waves on the muscle tissue in depth. The damage is shown on the images from the magnetic resonance imaging and histological sections. In the further part of the experiment, we investigated the in vivo effects of tandem shock waves in combination with Photosan and cisplatin on the tumour tissue. The application of tandem shock waves resulted in the inhibition of tumour growth, compared with controls, in both parts of the experiment. The largest inhibition effect was observed in the groups of tandem shock waves combined with Photosan and in the second part with cisplatin.
The Influence of Phenothiazine Derivatives on Doxorubicin Treatment in Sensitive and Resistant Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Kuzma-Richeret A. , Saczko J. , Choromańska Anna , Dumanska M. , Drąg-Zalesińska M. , Wysocka T. , Chwiłkowska A. , Pola A. , Mosiądz D. , Marcinkowska A. , Kulbacka Julita
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer is commonly treated by various combinations of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Most cancers either are increasingly resistant to any initial treatment or acquire resistance to a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs over time. Combination of more than one drug or combination with multidrug resistance (MDR) modifiers will possibly support the efficiency of the applied therapy. Understanding the MDR mechanisms in malignancies is crucial for developing novel strategies for treatment. The main goal of our study was to determine the cytostatic effect of doxorubicin in combination with phenothiazine derivatives (PD; promazine and triflupromazine) in doxorubicin-sensitive (MCF-7/WT) and -resistant (MCF-7/DOX) human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. We determined cytotoxicity of the investigated compounds (MTT assay) after 24 and 48 h. The effect of phenothiazine derivatives was evaluated and doxorubicin localization was performed using confocal microscopy. The mode of the cell death was examined by the comet assay. We also determined the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is a membrane-associated protein responsible for the multidrug resistance.
Sustaining new approaches to learning and teaching with technology
Authors: Buchan Janet
Published: September 2024

The basic premise of the 2012 Ascilite Conference theme is that; ‘what happened in the past is no longer a reliable guide to the future’. However, if we do not learn from what happened in the past, it may well be a reliable guide to an unsustainable future. In the face of constant change, in order for higher education institutions to achieve the goal of creating sustainable approaches to new models and learning and teaching with technology a fundamental paradigm shift in management approaches is required. To address this, an interdisciplinary focus is introduced and two key concepts from environmental management: Wicked Problems and adaptive management are applied to the higher education environment. Using evidence-based practice these aspects have been researched in-depth in a large, mixed-mode university.
Naming and measuring the elephants
Authors: Russell Carol
Published: September 2024

Educational development work to replace traditional campus university teaching with more innovative blended learning activities usually involves articulating and questioning assumptions about disciplinary learning. But the assumptions built into the discipline and institutional organizational systems for managing study times and staff workload planning can block innovation. Several previous projects have established that intensive team workshops over 2-3 days, involving support staff working with academics to produce real outputs, can build sustainable capacity for curriculum innovation within academic units. This paper describes current work in one university that makes use of disciplinary curriculum mapping and explicit planning of academic and student workload in the educational design activity. Two pilots in different disciplines are being used to develop a model that can be applied and contextualized as part of a broader sustainable blended learning strategy.
Learning with technology
Authors: Lyons Judith
Published: September 2024

Embracing learning for the future through learning technologies requires a clearer understanding of the pedagogies that inform the simulated teaching and learning strategies used to facilitate student learning. Higher Education e-learning literature often groups educational games with simulation. However, educational simulation attributes are different from games or simulated games with very different aims and objectives within the learning context, which have implications for technology-based learning designs. In order to optimize the use of technology- based simulation this paper presents the theoretical foundations of educational simulation in a disciplinary context. Understanding the simulation pedagogy will assist academics to create technology-based simulated learning environments that highlight the inherent simulation attributes to enable and facilitate learning.
Bridging the digital divide
Authors: Farley Helen , Murphy Angela , Bedford Tasman
Published: September 2024

Incarcerated students face a number of additional challenges to those faced by most other students studying at a distance. Lack of internet access is especially problematic for those studying in a sector that is increasingly characterised by online course offerings. This paper reports on a trial project that will attempt to address the digital challenges that hinder access to higher education by incarcerated students, and to provide them with inclusive learning experiences. The trial utilises Stand-Alone Moodle (SAM) and eBook readers with a small sample of incarcerated students participating in the Tertiary Preparation Program (TPP) at the University of Southern Queensland (USQ). This project potentially addresses the digital divide experienced by incarcerated students as compared to the general student population. It is anticipated that students will participate in learning experiences more closely related to those experienced by students who study in online environments, that and they will acquire relevant e-literacy and e-research skills.
The challenge for static online resources
Authors: Berry Lynn
Published: September 2024

More universities are providing online courses in response to demands for greater flexibility which consequently places pressure on learning support services, such as, academic skills centres, to follow suit. The increasing numbers of students are stretching the existing capacities of such centres to adequately address student learning needs in traditional ways, and therefore more flexible offerings through an e-learning environment are required. Nonetheless developing online resources and learning activities require significant development time, and it is not clear whether these resources are effective, since very little research examines what or how learning may be achieved. To explore this issue, this paper reviews the available literature on the topic with the aim of identifying ways to evaluate such resources, and considers the sustainability of pursuing static texts. The paper proposes combining knowledge of best practice with an evaluation research framework, and urges the design of more dynamic resources.