bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Zap Integral Operators over Fourier Transforms
Authors: Manuel Velazquez Arcos Juan , Teodoro Paez Hernandez Ricardo , Perez Ricardez Alejandro , Granados Samaniego Jaime , Cid Reborido Alicia
Published: July 2021

We devote the current chapter to describe a class of integral operators with properties equivalent to a killer operator of the quantum mechanics theory acting over a determined state, literally killing the state but now operating over some kind of Fourier integral transforms that satisfies a certain Fredholm integral equation, we call this operators Zap Integral Operators (ZIO). The result of this action is to eliminate the inhomogeneous term and recover a homogeneous integral equation. We show that thanks to this class of operators we can explain the presence of two extremely different solutions of the same Generalized Inhomogeneous Fredholm equation. So we can regard the Generalized Inhomogeneous Fredholm Equation as a Super-Equation with two kinds of solutions, the resonant and the conventional but coexisting simultaneously. Also, we remember the generalized projection operators and we show they are the precursors of the ZIO. We present simultaneous academic examples for both kinds of solutions.
Effect of Tomato Juice Supplements Consumption on the Lipid Profile of Dyslipidemia Patients
Authors: Sugini
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tomato juice supplements consumption on the lipid profile of women with dyslipidemia patients. The design of this study was a quasi-control experimental design with pre-post test. The subjects were sixty-two Kendal Hospital women employees, aged 35–50 years old, suffering from dyslipidemia but did not suffer from metabolic or degenerative diseases based on the examination of a specialist in internal medicine. Subjects were divided into two groups, group I (30 people) were given antioxidant supplements (336 g of tomatoes per day) for 21 days and group II (32 people) as control. The nutrition intake data was measured by the 24-hour food withdrawal method conducted for three consecutive days in three weeks of research calculated by the Nutrisurvey program. Data was analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Pearson test and Mann Whitney test. There were significant relationships between energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, and carbohydrate intake with total cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels and there were also significant relationships between energy intake and fat intake with low density lipoprotein levels. It shows that there is a relationship between diet and dyslipidemia. There were significant differences in total cholesterol, low lipoprotein levels and triglycerides in treatment and control groups. This showed that tomato juice supplements significantly affect the lipid profiles.
Applications of Metal Complexes Dyes in Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Coulibaly Mariame
Published: July 2021

Trace elements, especially heavy metals, are considered to be one of the main sources of pollution in the environment since they have a significant effect on ecological quality. Commonly, the analytical methods for the determination of trace metals are the spectrometry techniques. While, the electroanalytical methods are recognized as a powerful technique for trace metals owing to its remarkable sensitivity, relatively inexpensive instrumentation, ability for multi-element determination at trace and ultra trace level. New alternative electrode materials are highly desired to develop sensitive stripping sensors for meeting the growing demands for on-site environmental monitoring. Dyes aromatic heterocyclic compound, used in food, textile and cosmetic industries has been used for spectrophotometric determination of metals. In electrochemitry, methods for metals determination based on their complexation with dyes were proposed. In this chapter, a brief summary of spectrometry methods and electrochemical sensors for heavy metals detection based on the formation of metals dyes complexes is presented.
A Brief Comparative Study on Removal of Toxic Dyes by Different Types of Clay
Authors: Zaghloul Ahmed , Benhiti Ridouan , Aziam Rachid , Ait Ichou Abdeljalil , Abali Mhamed , Soudani Amina , Sinan Fouad , Zerbet Mohamed , Chiban Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Increasing amount of organic dyes in the ecosystem particularly in wastewater has propelled the search for more efficient low-cost bio adsorbents. Different techniques have been used for the treatment of wastewater containing toxic dyes such as: biological degradation, oxidation, adsorption, reverse osmosis, and membrane filtration. Among all these processes mentioned, adsorption with low cost adsorbents has been recognized as one of the cost effective and efficient techniques for treatment of industrial wastewater from organic and inorganic pollutants. Clays as material adsorbents for the removal of various toxic dyes from aqueous solutions as potential alternatives to activated carbons has recently received widespread attention because of the environmental-friendly nature of clay materials. This chapter presents a comprehensive account of the techniques used for the removal of industrial cationic and anionic dyes from water during the last 10 years with special reference to the adsorption by using low cost materials in decontamination processes. Effects of different adsorption parameters on the performance of clays as adsorbents have been also discussed. Various challenges encountered in using clay materials are highlighted and a number of future prospects for the adsorbents are proposed.
Graves’ Disease
Authors: Paluchamy Thenmozhi
Published: July 2021

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies. Graves’ disease was originally known as “exophthalmic goiter” but is now named after Sir Robert Graves, an Irish doctor who first described the condition in 1835. A number of conditions can cause hyperthyroidism, but Graves’ disease is the most common, affecting around 1 in 200 people. It most often affects women under the age of 40, but it is also found in men. It affects an estimated 2–3 percent of the world’s population. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSIs) binds to and activates thyrotropin receptors, causing the thyroid gland to grow and the thyroid follicles to increase synthesis of thyroid hormone. The overproduction of thyroid hormones can have a variety of effects on the body causes exophthalmic goiter, graves ophthalmopathy, graves dermopathy etc.,. Thyroid profile including antithyroid antibodies, radioactive iodine uptake study, and thyroid scan are the main diagnostic investigations to rule out Graves’ disease. The major aim of the treatment is to inhibit the overproduction of thyroid hormones by targeting the thyroid gland, to reduce the symptoms, and prevention of complication is also major challenges.
Network Function Virtualization over Cloud-Cloud Computing as Business Continuity Solution
Authors: Anis Aziz Wagdy , Babulak Eduard , Al-Dabass David
Published: July 2021

Cloud computing provides resources by using virtualization technology and a pay-as-you-go cost model. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a concept, which promises to grant network operators the required flexibility to quickly develop and provision new network functions and services, which can be hosted in the cloud. However, cloud computing is subject to failures which emphasizes the need to address user’s availability requirements. Availability refers to the cloud uptime and the cloud capability to operate continuously. Providing highly available services in cloud computing is essential for maintaining customer confidence and satisfaction and preventing revenue losses. Different techniques can be implemented to increase the system’s availability and assure business continuity. This chapter covers cloud computing as business continuity solution and cloud service availability. This chapter also covers the causes of service unavailability and the impact due to service unavailability. Further, this chapter covers various ways to achieve the required cloud service availability.
Learning through Play - Improving Academic Performance through Play
Authors: Madhumathi K. , Senthil Selvam P.
Published: July 2021

The education in the early period provides the cognitive development of the child. Globally world organizations are thriving hard to increase the literacy percentage of the children, as education forms the base for the economic improvement of the country. Depending upon educational skills the individual will be placed in the appropriate job. Education in childhood is focused much on the past few decades. Learning through play is a traditional concept of developing the cognition level. At present, an educational scenario also focuses on Game-based pedagogy for teaching and learning. To some extent, this method will reduce school dropouts in developing countries. The children are more attracted to video games and the learning becomes easy for them. In this digital era, blooming technology is the milestone in the educational sector. The grandma’s game is now transforming into the digitalized version. Designing video games by keeping the concepts of traditional games will enhance the learning outcome of the students, especially in early education. Structured, goal-oriented, educational outcome-based video games are necessary to improve the growth and development of the children.
Celiac Disease
Authors: Amin Elsahoryi Nour
Published: July 2021

Celiac disease is chronic autoimmune-mediated small intestinal enteropathy. CD caused by ingestion of the dietary gluten that found in wheat, barley, and rye, in the individual who are predisposed genetically by having leucocyte antigen, (HLA)-DQ2 or -DQ8-positive. Rigorous adherence to a gluten-free diet is the only treatment for this condition to reduce the symptoms and the consequences at the short-term and the long term. The aim of this chapter is provide updates and comprehensive overview about the celiac disease epidemiology, pathogenetic information, clinical, and diagnostic methods, updated therapeutic strategy approaches that followed as a treatment and recommendations. Its challenge to understand all the domains that causes celiac disease. Finding alternative diet and trying different lifestyle still under debates. However, complete exclusion of the gluten-containing food from the patient’s diet is the only effective treatment to avoid the disease complications.
Environmentally Influenced Risk and Sustainable Management of State Controlled Transportation Assets
Authors: A. Zatar Wael
Published: July 2021

Federal and state transportation agencies across the world face a multitude of challenges to effectively maintain cost-effective core maintenance programs for managing a safe, yet sustainable transportation assets’ program. The decision-making process involves several risk factors, and the prioritization of these factors could considerably affect both the level of utilization of these assets, as well as short- and long-term management protocols and plans for these agencies. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act requires each state Department of Transportation in the United States to have a risk-based asset management plan in place to preserve the condition of their assets and improve the performance of the National Highway System. Many transportation agencies lack the financial and human resources to achieve their targets, and therefore they may opt to make trade-offs, lower targets, and perhaps drop some important objectives. Trade-off decisions can become clearer when objectives and targets are viewed through the lens of which options reduce the top-priority risks, such as reduced risk to safety, asset performance, or future costs. This chapter primarily focuses on emphasizing the importance of risk management in transportation networks and demonstrating the relationship between environmentally influenced risk management and sustainable management of state-controlled transportation assets in the United States. Several key parameters including risk assessment, financial risk and organizational behavior are addressed. Successful examples demonstrating how transportation agencies have identified how to best address a given risk, and in turn impact the resource allocation process are provided.
Dyslipidemia: Current Perspectives and Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Klobučar Majanović Sanja , Cvijanović Peloza Olga , Detel Dijana , Kenđel Jovanović Gordana , Bakula Miro , Rahelic Dario , Čaljkušić Mance Tea , Šoić Vranić Tamara , Zoričić Cvek Sanja
Published: July 2021

Dyslipidemia refers to a broad spectrum of various genetic and acquired disorders that affect blood lipid levels and largely contribute to global cardiovascular disease burden. Consistent evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies, supports the key role of the circulating LDL-cholesterol and other apoB containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis. All ApoB-containing lipoproteins with size less than 70 nm can cross the endothelial barrier, particularly in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. Uptake and accumulation of apoB-containing lipoproteins in the arterial wall is a critical initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. Statin treatment, targeting LDL cholesterol reduction, remains the cornerstone of dyslipidemia management. There are abundant data supporting the concept of ‘the lower LDL-C, the better’ in the primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. This chapter provides an overview of the key insights into the lipid abnormalities associated with an increased risk of CV events particulary in the context of dyslipidemia management in everyday clinical practice. Understanding the important role that metabolic derangements play in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis pave the way for stronger implementation of current guidelines for CVD risk assessment and prevention.
Malaria Lethality in Children under 5 Years of Age and Study of Risk Factors in MbujiMayi Paediatric Environment, a Neglected Deadly Epidemic in the Democratic of Republic of Congo
Authors: Ilunga-Ilunga Félicien , Levêque Alain , Mbuyi Kanyinda Vévé , Paul Mbikayi Muya Jean , Dramaix Michèle
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for malaria lethality in the MbujiMayi paediatric environment, a follow-up study of hospitalised cases over 5 years was conducted between January 2016 and December 2020 in the four hospitals. The case rate was 6.9% for the total (139 cases of death for 2017 cases of severe malaria for 5 years,) and varied from year to year (10.7% in 2016 to 4.6% in 2020). Cox Proportional Risk Model results including significant covariates in multivariate analysis [HR (IC95%)]. In multivariate analysis, two models were considered. The case-fatality rate was independently associated with late arrival after 48 hours [3.1 (1.9–5.1); p < 0.001], types of pre-hospital recourse such as recourse to the church [1.4 (1.1–2.1),; p = 0.042) and tradipractor [3.2 (1.8–6.1); p < 0.001] for severe malaria, children under 12 months of age [1.8 (1.2–2.8); p < 0.001], those with circulatory collapse [2.6 (1.1–6.1); p < 0.001] and those in deep coma [1.9 (1.1–3.4); p = 0.016]. The second model with the number of associated syndromes, showed that the risk was 1.7 plus for children with a complex clinical picture, made up of the combination of several signs [1.7 (1.1–2.6); p < 0.001]. These results highlight the need for more information campaigns to encourage people to seek institutional care for malaria. Our results also suggest that prophylactic treatment may be advisable for children under 5 years of age.
Using an Educational Training Module to Increase Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Malaria among Medicine Vendors in Yobe, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed Katagum Yahaya , Binti Kadir Shahar Hayati , Bin Ibrahim Faisal , Baharom Anisah , Baharudin Rafee
Published: July 2021

This training module focuses on providing basic guidance on the current recommended approaches regarding malaria basic information, signs/symptoms, case detection, treatment, referral, and effective prevention strategies. The module can be used for in-service training programs on malaria or to assist in improving other health educator’s work as well as serve as referral handbook for practicing health professionals. It can thus be used as a stand-alone training or together with modules dealing with other aspects of malaria control, prevention and elimination. The module uses a problem-solving approach to facilitate understanding and thereby motivate trainees on improved malaria case management. In essence, the training aims to generally improve the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of the most common handlers of malaria cases in this part of the world, the training module is then expected to improve services obtained by the majority of patients on malaria. On completion of training using this module, trainees will have acquired appreciable knowledge and skills on malaria basic-information, signs/symptoms, case detection/differentials, recommended drug treatment/appropriate dosing, indication for referral of complicated cases, effective prevention methods and the need to sensitise communities to stand up against malaria.
Nanophotonics: Fundamentals, Challenges, Future Prospects and Applied Applications
Authors: Aamir Iqbal Muhammad , Ashraf Naila , Shahid Wajeehah , Awais Muhammad , Khan Durrani Abdullah , Shahzad Khurram , Ikram Mujtaba
Published: July 2021

Nanophotonics encompasses a wide range of nontrivial physical effects including light-matter interactions that are well beyond diffraction limits, and have opened up new avenues for a variety of applications in light harvesting, sensing, luminescence, optical switching, and media transmitting technologies. Recently, growing expertise of fusing nanotechnology and photonics has become fundamental, arising outskirts, challenging basic experimentation and opportunities for new technologies in our daily lives, and played a central role in many optical systems. It entails the theoretical study of photon’s interactions with matter at incredibly small scales, known as nanostructures, in order to prepare nanometer scale devices and accessories for processing, development, slowing down, influencing, and/or regulating photons through comprehending their behavior while interacting with or otherwise traveling via matter. This multidisciplinary field has also made an impact on industry, allowing researchers to explore new horizons in design, applied science, physical science, chemistry, materials science, and biomedical technologies. The foundations, nano-confinements, quantum manifestations, nanoscale interactions, numerical methods, and peculiarities of nonlinear optical phenomena in nano-photonics as well as projected nano-photonics consumption’s in our cutting-edge world, will be covered in this chapter.
New Development: High-Strength Stainless Steel as a Sustainable Material for Aquaculture
Authors: Gümpel Paul , Dornbierer Urs , Hörtnagl Arnulf , Bogatzky Torsten
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the current state of development and selected technological challenges in the application of ecologically and economically sustainable nets for aquaculture based on ongoing development projects. These aim at the development of a new material system of high-strength stainless steel wires as net material with environmentally compatible antifouling properties for nearshore and offshore aquacultures. Current plastic netting materials will be replaced with high-strength stainless steel to provide a more environmentally friendly system that can withstand more severe mechanical stresses (waves, storms, tides and predators). A new antifouling strategy is expected to solve current challenges, such as ecological damage (e.g., due to pollution from copper-containing antifouling substances or microplastics), high maintenance costs (e.g., cleaning and repairs), and shorter service life. Approaches for the next development steps are presented based on previous experience as well as calculation models based on this experience.
Current Status and Prospects of Solid-State Batteries as the Future of Energy Storage
Authors: Dixit Marm , Muralidharan Nitin , Parejiya Anand , Amin Ruhul , Essehli Rachid , Belharouak Ilias
Published: July 2021

Solid-state battery (SSB) is the new avenue for achieving safe and high energy density energy storage in both conventional but also niche applications. Such batteries employ a solid electrolyte unlike the modern-day liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries and thus facilitate the use of high-capacity lithium metal anodes thereby achieving high energy densities. Despite this promise, practical realization and commercial adoption of solid-state batteries remain a challenge due to the underlying material and cell level issues that needs to be overcome. This chapter thus covers the specific challenges, design principles and performance improvement strategies pertaining to the cathode, solid electrolyte and anode used in solid state batteries. Perspectives and outlook on specific applications that can benefit from the successful implementation of solid-state battery systems are also discussed. Overall, this chapter highlights the potential of solid-state batteries for successful commercial deployment in next generation energy storage systems.
Novel Acumens into Biodegradation: Impact of Nanomaterials and Their Contribution
Authors: C. Manatunga Danushika , S. Dassanayake Rohan , N. Liyanage Renuka
Published: July 2021

Biodegradation is the most viable alternative for numerous health and environmental issues associated with non-biodegradable materials. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in biodegradable nanomaterials due to their relative abundance, environmental benignity, low cost, easy use, and tunable properties. This chapter covers an overview of biodegradation, factors and challenges associated with biodegradation processes, involvement of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in biodegradation, and biodegradable nanomaterials. Furthermore, current chapter extensively discusses the most recent applications of biodegradable nanomaterials that have recently been explored in the areas of food packaging, energy, environmental remediation, and nanomedicine. Overall, this chapter provides a synopsis of how the involvement of nanotechnology would benefit the process of biodegradation.
Techno Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar PV System in Jammu: A Case Study
Authors: Kaur Channi Harpreet
Published: July 2021

Renewable sources of energy and related technologies are essential to the generation of energy worldwide. The photovoltaic (PV) is one of the renewable power technologies that support household electricity use. No prior research has studied the sustainability of the off-grid energy generation system in Jammu, India despite the potential of solar photovoltaics and significant amounts of global sun radiation in an area. The present work shown in the chapter is to calculate the residential load of the Patyari Kaltan situated in district Samba of Jammu by energy auditing. The NASA Surface Meteorology is used for the solar resource informationof selected village. The primary sources of electricity generation are fossil fuels. Recently, the energy demand and availability deficit has worsened due to the huge population and fossil fuels cannot fulfill huge energy requirement. Meanwhile they have negative impacts on the environment as well. Therefore, renewable energy offers suitable energy way out to the residents living in remote areas and in the areas near to Borders. In this paper the main aim is to examine the feasibility of solar-battery hybrid energy system to fulfill electrical demand of a residential area in a rural region in Jammu. The research shows that the cost of construction of the project can be repaid or recovered within 1 year 6 months. To accomplish the target, 214 solar panels of 325 watt are estimated to satisfy the demand 100 percent at all times. The findings of this modeling reveal that the off-grid PV system is both technical and economically viable for power generation; they may serve as a model for the successful development of the system for practical use. Furthermore, the model can promote assistance mechanisms for players in the renewable industry to introduce a PV system in residential buildings.
Oil Palm Fatal Yellowing (FY), a Disease with an Elusive Causal Agent
Authors: Barroso Bittencourt Cleiton , de Castro Lins Philippe , de Jesus Boari Alessandra , Ferraz Quirino Betania , Geraldes Teixeira Wenceslau , Teixeira Souza Junior Manoel
Published: July 2021

Fatal yellowing disease (FY) is a bud rot-type disease that severely affects oil palm plantations in Latin America. Since 1974, when it was first reported in Brazil, this disorder has been responsible for severe economic losses in the oil palm industry; and, for nearly 50 years, several studies have tried to identify its causal agent, without success. The etiological studies regarding FY in oil palm explored either biotic and abiotic stress scenarios, in a single or combined manner. Most recently, the hypothesis in favor of one biotic cause has lost some grounds to the abiotic one, mainly due to new insights regarding deficient aeration in the soil, which reduces the potential for oxy-reduction, causing changes in the ionic composition of the soil solution. This review presents an overview of the history of this disease and the several efforts done to fulfill Koch’s postulates over the last 40 years, besides discussing recent studies that revisited this subject using some omics technics. We conclude by discussing further uses of omics via a multi-omics integration (MOI) strategy to help finally find out what is really behind the genesis of FY. Finding this elusive causal agent of FY out will allow either the development of a more efficient diagnostic tool and the advance in studies trying to find out the source of the genetic resistance hidden in the genome of the American oil palm.
Cytopathology of Intraoral Salivary Gland Tumours and Tumour-Like Lesions: Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls
Authors: Kumar Chaurasia Jai , Kapoor Neelkamal
Published: July 2021

Fine needle aspiration cytology is an important diagnostic tool in cytopathology. There are many challenges and pitfalls encountered in intraoral salivary gland cytopathology as tumours of these glands show morphological diversity and overlapping features. There are often variable solid-cystic components, metaplastic or necrotic changes, fibrosis, hyalinisation and haemorrhage accounting for heterogeneity of these tumours. The tumour profile of intraoral salivary gland is quite different from the major salivary glands and needs special attention. A low-grade malignant tumour may sometimes mimic a benign neoplasm or a non-neoplastic lesion resulting in a false negative diagnosis. Moreover, misinterpretation and failure to recognize subtle morphological and architectural patterns of cells also pose diagnostic challenges. In this chapter, we intend to highlight the key cytopathological features of intraoral salivary gland tumours and tumour-like lesions with emphasis to overcome diagnostic challenges and pitfalls to avoid misdiagnosis which will aid in planning further management and treatment.
Progression from Ocular Hypertension into Glaucoma
Authors: Biswas Sayantan
Published: July 2021

Ocular hypertension (OHT) is characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg without any visual field (functional) or optic nerve (structural) defect featuring glaucoma. Raised IOP is a major risk factor of glaucoma and a proportion of eyes with OHT progresses into primary open angle glaucoma. Glaucoma is a debilitating disease with potential for blindness if left untreated and associated reduction in the quality of life of the affected individual. It is challenging for the clinicians to decide whether an OHT will progress into glaucoma or not based on the risk factor model of the Ocular hypertension treatment study. Moreover, the question whether only IOP or a myriad of factors like central corneal thickness, baseline IOP, visual field, family history of glaucoma, ocular biomechanics are all important in determining the progression is yet to be answered. The rate of progression is also important and needs analysis for further discussion. Summarizing the landmark studies on ocular hypertension and glaucoma to date are imperative in this regard. This chapter presents the overview of OHT and its possible etiology and pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical tests evaluating OHT eyes and elaborates on the progression of OHT to glaucoma over time in relation to the treatment.
Pathogenesis and Host Immune Response during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
Authors: Kumar Swatantra , Nyodu Rajni , K. Maurya Vimal , K. Saxena Shailendra
Published: July 2021

Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is a mosquito borne flavivirus infection. Transmission of JEV starts with the infected mosquito bite where human dermis layer act as the primary site of infection. Once JEV makes its entry into blood, it infects monocytes wherein the viral replication peaks up without any cell death and results in production of TNF-α. One of the most characteristics pathogenesis of JEV is the breaching of blood brain barrier (BBB). JEV propagation occurs in neurons that results in neuronal cell death as well as dissemination of virus into astrocytes and microglia leading to overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines. JEV infection results in host cells mediated secretion of various types of cytokines including type-1 IFN along with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Molecule like nitrous oxide (NO) exhibits antiviral activities against JEV infection and helps in inhibiting the viral replication by blocking protein synthesis and viral RNA and also in virus infected cells clearance. In addition, the antibody can also acts an opsonizing agent in order to facilitate the phagocytosis of viral particles, which is mediated by Fc or C3 receptor. This chapter focuses on the crucial mechanism of JEV induced pathogenesis including neuropathogenesis viral clearance mechanisms and immune escape strategies.
Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology for Carbon Offset Identification in Malaysian Forests
Authors: Omar Hamdan , Rao Narayanamoorthy Thirupathi , Mohd Johan Chuah Norsheilla , Atikah Abu Bakar Nur , Afizzul Misman Muhamad
Published: July 2021

Rapid growth of Malaysia’s economy recently is often associated with various environmental disturbances, which have been contributing to depletion of forest resources and thus climate change. The need for more spaces for numerous land developments has made the existing forests suffer from deforestation. This chapter presents an overview and demonstrates how remote sensing data is used to map and quantify changes of tropical forests in Malaysia. The analysis dealt with image processing that produce seamless mosaics of optical satellite data over Malaysia, within 15 years period, with 5-year intervals. The challenges were about the production of cloud-free images over a tropical country that always covered by clouds. These datasets were used to identify eligible areas for carbon offset in land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector in Malaysia. Altogether 580 scenes of Landsat imagery were processed to complete the observation period and came out with a seamless, wall to wall images over Malaysia from year 2005 to 2020. Forests have been identified from the image classification and then classified into three major types, which are dry-inland forest, peat swamp and mangroves. Post-classification change detection technique was used to determine areas that have been undergoing conversions from forests to other land uses. Forest areas were found to have declined from about 19.3 Mil. ha (in 2005) to 18.2 Mil. ha in year 2020. Causes of deforestation have been identified and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that has been emitted due to the deforestation activity has been determined in this study. The total deforested area between years 2005 and 2020 was at 1,087,030 ha with rate of deforestation of about 72,469 ha yr.−1 (or 0.37% yr.−1). This has contributed to the total CO2 emission of 689.26 Mil. Mg CO2, with an annual rate of 45.95 Mil. Mg CO2 yr.−1. The study found that the use of a series satellite images from optical sensors are the most appropriate sensors to be used for monitoring of deforestation over the Malaysia region, although cloud covers are the major issue for optical imagery datasets.
Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation Versus Spontaneous Ventilation in Under One-Year-Old Pediatrics: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Zare Ali , Ghanbari Alireza , Nasiri Arman , Nooralishahi Behrang , Zaferani Arani Hamid
Published: July 2021

Background: Cardiac catheterization is a useful method for determining the anatomy and pressure in cardiac vessels and chambers. The use of anesthesia methods with minimal hemodynamic and respiratory effects can increase diagnostic accuracy. Objectives: Since there are a few exclusive pediatric angiography centers, scarce studies have been done in this area. Accordingly, this study determined the effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) versus spontaneous ventilation on cardiorespiratory parameters in less than one-year-old pediatric patients undergoing angiography with general anesthesia. Methods: In this interventional study that was performed as a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 60 children younger than one year were enrolled. The pulmonary, renal, hepatic, and metabolic background diseases, previous cardiac and thoracic surgery, requiring over two ketamine doses, and receiving sedative or anti-convulsant therapeutics were excluded. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, including IPPV and spontaneous ventilation. Their vital signs were also recorded before and after anesthesia induction and needling, as well as during measurements of pulmonary parameters and systemic blood pressure. All measurements were done by a single operator using the same device for each variable. Results: It was seen that SPO2, as well as PCO2 after anesthesia had significant alterations among the study variables. Nausea and vomiting, pain, and agitation were not different across the groups (P-value > 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, we found that IPPV and spontaneous ventilation have the same effects on respiration. Both techniques can be used in children with different cardiovascular catheterization conditions to increase accuracy and reduce alterations in cardiopulmonary parameters.
Co nás čeká v právní úpravě využívání obnovitelných zdrojů energie?
Authors: Jendřejas Jan
Published: July 2021

Zimní balíček legislativy EU v oblasti energetiky pod názvem „Čistá energie pro všechny Evropany“ přináší na pole právní úpravy podpory využívání obnovitelných zdrojů energie řadu novinek. Díky němu tak po letech stagnace český zákonodárce zřejmě připraví řadu legislativních změn s potenciálem značně zamíchat českou energetikou. V první části tohoto článku se zabývám evropskou legislativou v této oblasti z pohledu podpory využívání obnovitelných zdrojů energie a rozebírám nové instituty energetického práva, kterým dá nová úprava vzniknout. V další části se pak věnuji české transpozici předmětného sekundárního práva, a to novele zákona o podporovaných zdrojích energie a věcnému záměru nového energetického zákona. Posuzuji splnění cílů stanovených unijní legislativou a zejména potenciál k výraznému navýšení podílu obnovitelných zdrojů energie na energetickém mixu a tím snížení negativních dopadů lidské činnosti na globální klima. Závěrem podrobuji navrhované změny kritickému hodnocení.
Six new species of Anthuridae (Peracarida: Isopoda) from the southern Mexican Pacific
Authors: Jarquín-Martínez Ubaldo , García-Madrigal María del Socorro
Published: July 2021

Marine isopods, despite being a very diverse group, have been little studied in the Mexican South Pacific. After a revision of 171 specimens collected from Guerrero and Oaxaca, six new species, belonging to five genera, were discovered: Amakusanthura guerrerensis sp. nov., Cortezura caeca sp. nov., Mesanthura antenniformis sp. nov., M. estacahuitensis sp. nov., Skuphonura oaxaquensis sp. nov., and Tinggianthura mexicana sp. nov. In this work, the genera Amakusanthura Nunomura, 1977 and Tinggianthura Chew, Abdul-Rahim & Haji Ross, 2014, are recorded for the first time in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Also, the distribution range of the genus Skuphonura Barnard, 1925 is increased from the west coast of South America to the southern Mexican Pacific, this being the first record of this genus in the Mexican Pacific. This study doubles the number of species recorded of Anthuridae from the Mexican Pacific, of six to 12 species.
The relationship of home renovation and gender at suburban housing of Semarang city in Indonesia
Authors: Esariti Landung , Putri Marsella , Fauziah Fitri , Dewi Diah
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore gender influence on home renovation based on family life cycle in suburban housing of Bukit Kencana Jaya Semarang, Indonesia. Sixty households were interviewed and the resulting data were analyzed using the mix method. This attempt is important to determine the gender roles and relations influencing housing demand policies. The result showed most renovation activities were conducted on families with children, in addition to formulating two deductions. First, in single and new couples, gender productive roles tend to support house function in terms of economic existence and societal perception. Second, in families with children and elderly, these utilities serve as a habitat for income sources and welfare support.
The imaginary city: Representation of Yugoslavism on Jovan Živanović's film 'Čudna devojka' (1962)
Authors: Karabegović Tatjana
Published: July 2021

The interpretation of cities on film in societal (film) context is not a mimesis, but rather a model utilised in production of meanings that functions on the basis of signs organised in a visual language. As these meanings are produced within culture and history, cities on film are the products of societal (politically motivated) knowledge, language structures, open texts in societal and cultural fields that, through power, utilising productive network that pervades society, represents a certain system of values and, as one in the system of political, cultural, scientific, art texts, exhibits regimes of social identity forms an archeology of knowledge. The interpretations of cities on film from the standpoint of cultural studies indicated that the configurations of cities (and modern architecture) outside of its phenomenology are not confronted with the usual postulations of binary oppositions, on which the majority of interpretative traditions are based, but rather that they serve to achieve the fulfillment of cultural roles, and that they are open semiotic fields by which one community produces a desirable (moving) image of oneself.
Is it important to overcome motor problems of elementary school-age students?
Authors: Rahmawati Citra , Suhardi S , Mustadi Ali
Published: July 2021

The purpose of writing this article is to find out about the importance of overcoming motor problems of elementary school-aged students. The method used is a literature review study. Impaired motor development can cause learning difficulties. This will have an impact on students such as low scores, low achievement, and difficulties in learning. In addition to matters related to academics, students usually feel embarrassed or make other friends feel annoyed and uncomfortable. Seeing the impact caused by motor problems can interfere with the learning process of children, it requires intervention from the school, especially by teachers who interact more intensively with children. Motor problems experienced by elementary school students certainly require intervention, as an initial screening to find out problems that may be experienced by students, it is necessary to do a universal intervention. This universal intervention is an intervention given to students whose problems at first are not known. Four aspects can benefit from optimizing the development of children's motor skills. The four aspects are the child's physiological, emotional, cognitive, and social. Other benefits are also grouped based on the optimization of fine and gross motor skills. Recommendations for future research to examine more deeply the motor problems of elementary school-aged students, so that the right method can be found to overcome them.
Application of multispectral sensors and unmanned aerial system in Stara Planina region
Authors: Šurjanac Nenad , Milosavljević Marija , Tabaković-Tošić Mara , Marković Miroslava
Published: July 2021

In the area of Stara Planina mountain, a multispectral survey of forest vegetation was performed. Data acquisition was done with unmanned aerial system DJI Phantom 4 Pro, equipped with integrated RGB 20Mpix sensor, and MicaSense RedEdge M, 5-channel narrowband multispectral sensor. Data was collected in the form of images, and 4 composite orthomosaics were produced-broadband visible RGB, narrowband visible RGB, and with vegetation indices applied NDVI and NDRE. RGB orthomosaic showed no significant changes in canopies apart from the variability of levels of green. Orthomosaics with vegetation indices applied showed changes in the level of physiological activities of leaves. NDVI map showed the negative changes of the top of the canopies, while NDRE map showed more dramatic changes within the canopy as well. Besides the map, 5 polygons with different NDRE values were selected and their respective spectral signature graphs were produced. The areas with the lowest NDRE values had the highest reflectance values in all wavelengths, while the absorption of light is much higher in physiologically active vegetation. Values of NDRE lower than 0.479 were inspected from the ground. This kind of ground-truth provided evidence that the areas coded in red were with lower physiological activity due to the infestation by beech leaf-mining weevil Orchestes fagi L. Another interesting finding was that both NDVI and NDRE values were higher in the areas not directly exposed to the sunlight. The areas shaded by surrounding canopies received only diffuse light but it showed a more positive ratio between absorbed and reflected wavelength which could be characteristic of the Fagus Sylvatica species. The findings in this study showed a strong correlation between low values NDRE vegetation index and negative changes deep within the canopy of high vegetation, which can serve as an indicator of pest infestation in forestry.
RESEÑA: Cristina Díaz, Verónica Giménez Béliveau, Marcelo Lucero y Washington Uranga (Coord.). 2020. Políticas Sociales. Estrategias para construir un nuevo horizonte de futuro. Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, CEIL-CONICET; RIPPSO; FAUATS
Authors: Tafernaberry Santiago
Published: July 2021

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RESEÑA: Bundschuh, S., Freitas, M. J., Palacín Bartrolí, C. and Žganec, N. (eds.). 2021. Ambivalencias de la inclusión en la sociedad y el trabajo social. Reflexiones basadas en la investigación en cuatro países europeos. London: Springer
Authors: Piaja Viñas Teresa
Published: July 2021

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Bibliografía iberoamericana de Derecho penal y Criminología (Abril-Septiembre de 2001)
Authors: Serrano-Piedecasas José Ramón , Crespo Eduardo Demetrio , Gil Gil Alicia , Melendo Pardos Mariano
Published: July 2021

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Emotional Support Animals: The Basics
Authors: Gatesy-Davis Anwyn
Published: July 2021

An Emotional Support Animal (ESA) is an animal that provides therapeutic benefit (e.g., emotional support, comfort, companionship) to a person with a mental health or psychiatric disability (such as a serious mental health condition). An ESA is not considered a Service Animal, but under U.S. law, an emotional support animal is also not considered a pet and is generally not restricted by the type of animal. Any domesticated animal may be considered as an ESA (e.g., cats, dogs, mice, rabbits, birds, hedgehogs, rats, minipigs, ferrets, etc.) and they can be any age. However, an ESA must be able to be manageable in public and does not create a nuisance. In this tip sheet we describe what an Emotional Support Animal is an is not as well as how someone can look into getting one.
The spatial dimension of maritime connectivity: The case of Northern Europe and the
Mediterranean
Authors: Dial Rania Tassadit , de Oliveira Gabriel Figueiredo , Schaffar Alexandra
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to understand how spatial effects influence maritime
connectivity. We use a spatial econometric model on panel data for a sample of 114 countries
over the period 2004-2017. The results show that there are positive interaction effects that
describe a center-periphery relation. We focus specifically on two regions: Northern Europe
and the Mediterranean. The results for these two regions indicate substantial differences.
In Northern Europe, there is a significant positive spatial dependence with positive
spillover effects. Conversely, the Mediterranean region is characterized by a negative
spatial dependence, leading to strong competition between countries.
The role and the effects of the ozone paravertebral injections, in lumbar disc herniation patients.
Authors: Calle Gabriel , Huayhua Lucio , Martinez Alexis
Published: July 2021

The results obtained from a group of patients suffering from discoradicular conflict syndrome treated with paravertebral oxygen-ozone injections were analyzed. From a total number of 8500 patients treated with ozone during the period 2002/2015, 880 patients underwent intradiscal injection and 7620 patients were treated with paravertebral ozone injections. This paper analyses a subgroup of 1850 patients (24.28% of the patients who were treated with paravertebral injections), including those patients who underwent the total 10-session treatment, complied with a 5-year follow-up and with the sample homogeneity parameters following a predictability therapeutic effectiveness (PET) index devised for such purpose (PET index O3) by us in 2009. The outcomes were assessed based on the VAS score and modified Mac Nab criteria. Definite results determined positive post-treatment outcomes considered excellent and good in 81% of the cases. Such effectiveness percentage resulted lower than the one achieved with the intradiscal injection technique (89%), and higher than the percentage seen in papers on the selective nerve root block technique.
¿Es Juan Luis Vives el retratado en "Un humanista"?
Authors: Hernàndez Francesc J.
Published: July 2021

¿Es Juan Luis Vives el retratado en "Un humanista"?