bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kelayakan Transportasi Air Sungai Batanghari (Studi Kasus Angkutan Motor Ketek Di Desa Terusan Kabupaten Batanghari)
Authors: Akbar Rendy Al , Handayani Elvira , Amalia Kiki Rizky
Published: October 2021

Sungai Batanghari adalah sungai terpanjang di pulau Sumatera dengan panjang sungai kurang lebih 800 KM. Motor ketek adalah salah satu moda transportasi tradisional yang digunakan sebagai angkutan penyeberangan di Sungai Batanghari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelayalan motor ketek melalui kepuasan dan penilaian para pengguna jasa transportasi motor ketek sebagai angkutan penyeberangan di sungai Batanghari Desa Terusan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Terusan, Maro Sebo ilir Kabupaten Batanghari, Jambi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara meneyebarkan kuisioner kepada para pengguna/penumpang motor ketek. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 3 hari. . Data kuesioner dilakukan proses pengolahan data dengan bantuan komputer program Ms. Excel. Dari hasil pengumpulan data, secara keseluruhan kelayakan motor ketek sebagai angkutan transportasi di sungai Batanghari dinilai dari 15 pertanyaan antara lain yaitu: Desa Terusan-Pasar Terusan 8 Pertanyaan yang memiliki nilai Layak dengan persentase 53,33%. 6 Pertanyaan yang memiliki nilai Cukup Layak dengan persentase 40% dan 1 Pertanyaan yang memiliki nilai Sangat Tidak Layak dengan persentase 6,67% ,Pasar Terusan-Desa Terusan 11 Pertanyaan yang memiliki nilai Layak dengan persentase 73,33%. 3 Pertanyaan yang memiliki nilai Cukup Layak dengan persentase 20% dan 1 Pertanyaan yang memiliki nilai Sangat Tidak Layak dengan persentase 6,67%. Berdasarkan penilaian dan kepuasan motor ketek dari para pengguna jasa angkutan penyeberangan sungai Batanghari di desa Terusan , bahwa tingkat kelayakan motor ketek dari Desa Terusan - Pasar Terusan dan Pasar Terusan – Desa Terusan sebagai angkutan penyeberangan di nilai Layak untuk saat ini.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Civil 3d dalam Merencanakan Geometrik Jalan Raya
Authors: Thaher Ruhiyat Mahmud , Murad Wirya , M Huzeirien
Published: October 2021

Jalan merupakan sebuah bangunan yang sangat dibutuhkan keberadaannya didunia transportasi. Dari zaman dulu hingga saat ini jalan berkembang sangat pesat baik dari segi bentuk/desain dan materialnya. Perkembangan konstruksi jalan, terurama pembangunan jalan raya mengalami pasang surut,mengikuti irama perkembangan pembangunan nasional Hal ini berdampak luas pada pengembangan sarana dan prasarana transportasi dan lingkungan disekitarnya, bahkan dalam skala yang lebih luas lagi, yaitu pembangunan ekonomi wilayah yang bersangkutan. Tidak berlebihan kalau dikatakan bahwa kebutuhan akan pembangunan konstruksi jalan raya akan semakin menumbuhkan dan meningkatkan perkembangan pembangunan nasional. Dalam kesempatan kali ini penulis akan mencoba mengupas tentang perencanaan jalan dengan menggunakan aplikasi civil 3D 2018. Hal Ini menimbang semakin pesatnya teknologi berupa perangkat lunak pendukung kegiatan sipil. Manfaat yang sangat terasa dari keberadaan perangkat lunak ini adalah meminimalisir jangka waktu pengerjaan perencanaan jalan serta memudahkan para perencana dalam mengolah dan mengeluarkan produk nya. Adapun bahasan yang akan dikupas adalah seputar permasalahan geometrik jalan, tinjauan yang lebih spesifik adalah perhitungan Alinyemen vertical maupul horizontal (tergantung topografi dilapangan bisa full spiral, spiral-circle-spiral, ataupun spiral-spiral), perhitungan super elevasi yang terjadi pada alinyemen horizontal, grafik Potongan (long section dan cross section ), serta produk gambar kerja. Dengan demikian diharapkan mampu menambah wawasan penulis dalam mengaplikasikan perangkat lunak dalam dunia teknik sipil.
Evaluasi Kinerja Simpang Kaitannya dengan Emisi Simpang Paal 10 Jambi
Authors: Sari Sukma Intan , Yamali Fakhrul Rozi , Raudhati Emelda
Published: October 2021

Permasalahan yang sering dihadapi pada jalan raya seperti macet serta tundaan dibagian-bagian jalan pada persimpangan, terutama pada jam sibuk. Seiring meningkatnya volume kendaraan yang beroperasi serta kinerja simpang tersebut berkaitan dengan emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan dari kendaraan berupa emisi CO2. Semakin padat volume arus lalu lintas, panjang nya antrian serta macet pada simpang tersebut maka semakin besar pula emisi yang dikeluarkan dari kendaraan hal ini dikarenakan kondisi terburuk emisi gas buang bukan pada saat kendaraan berjalan normal melainkan pada saat kendaraan hidup namun tidak berjalan contohnya seperti di lampu merah persimpangan, kemacetan, serta tundaan.Dari hasil analisis terdapat hasil nilai arus lalu lintas tertinggi terdapat di lengan Jl.Marsda Surya Dharma menuju ke Jl.Palembang-Jambi sebesar 1292,5 smp/jam. Nilai arus lalu lintas terendah terdapat di lengan Jl.Marsda Surya Dharma menuju ke Jl.Lingkar Selatansebesar 833 smp/jam. Pada Jl.Marsda Surya Dharma ITP jalan D, Jl.Lingkar Selatan ITP jalan D, Jl.Palembang-Jambi ITP jalan D, Jl.Lingkar Barat ITP jalan C. Serta total emisi CO₂ terbesar yaitu pada kendaraan motor sebesar 325.950 gr/km dan emisi CO₂ tererndah yaitu pada kendaraan bus sebesar 225 gr/km.
Tinjauan Karakteristik Tanah Timbunan Sumber Bahan Di Desa Mendalo Darat Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota
Authors: Setiyanto Tommy Tri , Yamali Fakhrul Rozi , Setiawan Ari
Published: October 2021

Pada suatu kawasan atau daerah yang memiliki banyak daerah dataran rendah dan permukaan tanah tidak datar, maka dibutuhkan timbunan agar mendapatkan ketinggian tanah yang direncanakan. Timbunan memerlukan pemadatan tanah agar dapat benar-benar kuat dan stabil terhadap beban struktur maupun beban non struktur.Pada pekerjaan timbunan tanah untuk konstruksi, tanggul, waduk dan konstruksi sipil lainnya, tanah yang belum padat atau masih kondisi gembur harus dipadatkan untuk meningkatkan berat volumenya. Pemadatan tersebut berfungsi untuk meningkatkan kekuatan tanah, sehingga dengan demikian meningkatkan daya dukung pondasi di atasnya. Pemadatan juga dapat mengurangi besarnya penurunan tanah yang tidak diinginkan. Lokasi quarry yang terletak di Jalan Lintas Sumatera tepatnya di desa Mendalo darat Kecamatan Jambi Luar Kota, lokasi Quarry tersebut mempunyai luas ± 16Ha, quarry telah beroperasi selama ±7 bulan , lokasi quarry tersebut mempunyai beberapa fungsi tanah diantaranya tanah timbunan jalan dan tanah timbunan bangunan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tanah timbunan yang berlokasi di desa mendalo darat kecamatan jambi luar kota, dimana di lokasi tersebut terdapat suatu quarry yang mana quarry tersebut belum mengetahui kualitas tanah di quarry tersebut.
Consecuencias sobre el empleo por el impacto del COVID-19, en el entorno de los negocios de la Región 6
Authors: Becerra Molina Edison , Cuadrado Sánchez Gina , Astudillo Arias Pedro
Published: October 2021

Introducción. El ámbito laboral es la actividad que las personas realizan ya sea como deber o actividad dependiente de la profesión para cubrir sus necesidades y deseos, como el resultado de la interacción de factores de motivación y sueldo. Objetivo. Analizar los efectos sobre el empleo en época de pandemia en las Mipymes a través de un análisis de las estrategias adoptadas por los empleadores y las medidas tomadas por el gobierno. Metodología. El diseño de la investigación partió del paradigma de investigación positivista, diseño de campo no experimental y transeccional con apoyo documental, nivel de investigación descriptiva, la población fue 77.289 y la muestra 471, se utilizó el instrumento del cuestionario, el mismo fue validado mediante juicio de expertos con experiencia en el área laboral y metodología, calificando validez, claridad, coherencia, y relevancia. Resultados. Las razones de despido de trabajadores por la presencia del COVID-19, fueron 40.55% no tuvo que acudir a esta medida, sin embargo, las principales causas por las que se despidió personal 23.57% optó por el despido intempestivo, 12.53% renunció, 11.04% terminación de contrato de trabajo, 5.52% supresión del puesto de trabajo, 4.03% a causa de liquidación de la empresa, 2.76% se acogieron a la jubilación. Fue posible evidenciar que existe un alto porcentaje de personas que cesaron de sus funciones a causa de la supresión de sus actividades, estas medidas fueron asumidas por los dueños de los negocios a causa de la temporalidad de pandemia que resultó en grandes pérdidas y bajas en la venta de sus productos y servicios, por la suspensión temporal de sus actividades, lo cual desencadeno en un sinfín de despidos y cierre de las empresas. Conclusión. Los efectos negativos en el aspecto económico que acarrea la pandemia, exponen que el empleo se ha visto afectado, por el aumento del desempleo y el subempleo, por el cierre y reducción de salarios y menor acceso a la protección social, sin embargo, la pronta respuesta del gobierno atenúo este panorama mediante una serie de políticas públicas.
Distributions of threatened skates and commercial fisheries inform conservation hotspots
Authors: Jubinville I , Lawler E , Tattrie S , Shackell NL , Mills Flemming J , Worm B
Published: October 2021

Bycatch in commercial fisheries is a pressing conservation concern and has spurred global interest in adopting ecosystem-based management practices. To address such concerns, a thorough understanding of spatiotemporal relationships among bycatch species, their environment and fisheries is required. Here we used a generalized linear mixed model framework incorporating spatiotemporal random effects to model abundance patterns for 3 skate species caught as bycatch in commercial fisheries (thorny skate Amblyraja radiata, winter skate Leucoraja ocellata and smooth skate Malacoraja senta), as well as 10 target species on the Scotian Shelf, NW Atlantic. Spatiotemporal estimates of relative abundance for at-risk skates within the years 2005-2015 were modelled from research trawl survey data and overlaid with those for target species to identify hotspots of bycatch risk. In addition, abundance estimates for at-risk skates within the years 1975-1985, a period of higher stock abundance, were used to identify areas of previously important habitat. Historically, skate species densely occupied areas near Sable Island and Banquereau Banks, Georges Bank and the Bay of Fundy. Bycatch hotspots between at-risk skates and commercial targets were identified in regions across the Scotian Shelf. These hotspots were independently validated by predicting species presence from at-sea observer data that monitor skate bycatch directly. We discuss spatial relationships between target and bycatch species, highlighting limitations of at-sea observer programmes that this method helps to address. This framework can be applied more broadly to inform ecosystem management and priority areas for conservation or fisheries regulation.
Measuring Presidential Powers: New Governmental Design in Turkey
Authors: ÇELİK ULUSOY Demet
Published: October 2021

The newly adopted governmental system in Turkey it has been confronted with a kind new government practice since the declaration of the republic in 1923. The constitutional amendments made in 2017 have primarily created a tremendous change in the structure of the executive and created an executive body as it is in pure presidentialism in terms of constitutional history of Turkey. This new system, which is not a pure presidential system, is called the Turkish type presidential system and it has led to the occurrence of the most powerful president in the Turkish constitutional history. The president is also highly competent with regard to the powers of ministers in other less developed democratic countries. In this study, the powers of the president will be examined and measured through the legal framework of the new consti-tutional character in Turkey. Sustainable democracy entails that democratic mindfulness is improved on the part of people and its governments. Also by measuring the powers it will be put forward whether the government system is defined among the existing classifications. Finally an evaluation of topics with legislative and non-legislative powers of the presidents with the most powerful presidents will be pre-sented. Sustainability to governments and presidents may not be in the same proportion with the sustainable democracy.
Unsteady flow phenomena in turbine shroud cavities
Authors: Kluge Tim , Lettmann Iris , Oettinger Marcel , Wein Lars , Seume Joerg
Published: October 2021

This paper presents those flow parameters at which coherent structures appear in the blade tip cavities of shrouded turbine blades. To the authors’ knowledge, this is reported for the first time in the open literature. The unsteady flow in a shroud cavity is analysed based on experimental data recorded in a labyrinth seal test rig. The unsteady static wall pressure in the shroud cavity inlet and outlet is measured using time-resolving pressure sensors. Sensors are located at staggered circumferential positions to allow cross-correlation between signals. The unsteady pressure signals are reduced using Fourier analysis and cross-correlation in combination with digital filters. Based on the data, a theory is formulated explaining the phenomena reflected in the measurements. The results suggest that pressure fluctuations with distinct numbers of nodes are rotating in the shroud cavity outlet. Moreover, modes with different node numbers appear to be superimposed, rotating at a common speed in circumferential direction. The pressure fluctuations are not found at all operating points. Further analysis indicates that the pressure fluctuations are present at operating points matching distinct parameters correlating with the cavity flow coefficient. Unsteady RANS simulations predict similar flow structures for the design operating point of the test rig.
ENVIRONMENT AS PART OF A SMART CITY
Authors: Burmatova Olga P.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the main environmental problems that arise in large cities; the factors influencing the state of the ecological situation in the city are highlighted. It has been shown that the answer to the challenges caused by the constant increase in the level of urbanization in the world and the corresponding increase in the load on all elements of the urban economy and the environment was the concept of a smart city (Smart City). The generalization of the accumulated knowledge on the problems of smart cities of poses made it possible to present in a concise form the basic principles of their formation. The content of environmental protection activities in a smart city and the main possible results are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the important systemic importance of the environment in the structure of a smart city.
INSTITUTIONAL FEATURES OF CREATING GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: AN EXAMPLE OF SIBERIAN BIOTECHNOLOGY COMPANIES
Authors: Valieva Olga V.
Published: October 2021

The study of the processes of development and functioning of global technological chains today is a relevant and extremely important aspect in the analysis of the factors of economic growth. Expanding the range of indicators that study the dynamics of technological progress and its impact on indicators of innovative growth, highlight the study of technological cooperation and ties at various stages of their formation. The article reflects the results of the analysis of the dynamics of the share of medium and high-tech industries in the creation of added value. It is shown that in resource economies this share is on average 30-40%. Analysis of data on groups of patent families related to biotechnology showed a significant decrease in patent activity in almost all leading countries. Perhaps this explains the current situation caused by Covid19 and the inability of the whole world to actively confront the pandemic. The presented technological advantage, calculated as the country's share in patents for biotechnology in the total number of all patents, showed that Russia is the only one who has halved its share of its presence in the world patent databases.
ENVIRONMENTALLY EXTENDED INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS OF THE BURYATIA REPUBLIC ECONOMY
Authors: Bazarov Alexander B.
Published: October 2021

Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis (EEIOA) provides a method for assessing the relationship between economic consumption and environmental impact. EEIO is now widely used to assess environmental impacts embodied in goods and services produced and sold. In this article, environmental extensions for the generation of waste and air and water pollutants are applied based on the input-output table of Buryatia for 2016.
CADASTRAL REGISTRATION AND EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND PLOTS IN RUSSIA IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Vlasov Alexander D.
Published: October 2021

Methodological and organizational problems of accounting, evaluation of real estate objects and natural resources of Russia are set, and ways of their solution in the digital economy are proposed.
MEDICO-SOCIAL ASPECT IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF THE SPREAD OF NEW CORONOVIRAL INFECTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WORLD GEOSPACE
Authors: Lozhkova Tatyana Vl. , Mikhailenko Victoria S. , Gorbunova Maria Dm.
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the features of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has left a mark on world history. The collected statistical data made it possible to draw a conclusion about the shortcomings of ensuring the biological safety of the population. The most favorable countries were: China, Singapore, Thailand. The article provides an argument for the reasons for such a situation.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS IN CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Lyapina Olga P. , Chaptykova Anita A.
Published: October 2021

With the arrival of 2021, the legislation of the Russian Federation is undergoing important changes and additions, which also affected the labor legislation. This creates the preconditions for the qualitative development of a risk-based approach in the field of occupational health and safety on Russian organizations. The study provides an overview of the current situation in the development of a risk-based approach to occupational health and safety management, and the problem of assessing occupational risks at construction enterprises is presented. Despite the promising changes in labor legislation, the employer still faces the difficult task of choosing a method for assessing occupational risks. The article presents a comparative analysis of existing methods for assessing professional risks, as a result of which the most suitable methodological approach to assessing professional risks in construction organizations was identified.
LABOR PROTECTION IN THE INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: Muchin Pavel V. , Muchin Maxim P.
Published: October 2021

The main directions of ensuring the integrated security of an educational organization are presented. The regulatory legal acts defining the requirements for ensuring the integrated security of the university are considered. The importance of labor protection in the integrated safety system of the university is shown. Recommendations have been prepared for the development of the necessary documents at the federal level.
ETHNIC HETEROGENEITY OF EASTERN REGIONS AND THEIR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Suslov Nikita I. , Ivanova Anastasiya I. , Meltenisova Ekaterina N.
Published: October 2021

The article examines the influence of ethno-linguistic diversity on the rate of economic growth in the regions of the Russian Federation. Today, there is no single opinion on the nature of the impact of ethnic diversity on economic growth. In our work, we assumed that the reason is in the nonlinear nature of the influence of heterogeneity on economic development. Thus, the work empirically demonstrated the ambiguity of the influence of ethno-linguistic diversity on economic growth, it was shown that in regions with a high rate of economic growth, the positive influence of ethnic heterogeneity increases, while in regions with a low rate of growth, its influence, on the contrary, is can become negative.
LARGE CORPORATIONS IN PROJECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES IN SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST
Authors: Nefedkin Vladimir I.
Published: October 2021

In modern Russia, large industrial corporations, some of which are the direct "heirs" of socialist factories, are traditionally the main initiators, operators and beneficiaries of projects to develop the resources of Siberia and the Far East. An approach to assessing the impact of large-scale natural resource development projects on the economic performance of individual regions through the performance of individual companies involved in these projects is proposed. Testing the approach based on the financial statements of 300 largest companies in the real sector of Siberia and the Far East for 2014-2019 showed that resource projects of large corporations are the main revenue generator, and their dynamics largely determine the trajectory of economic development of individual regions. Financial indicators of divisions of large corporations. the companies involved in these projects grew faster than the rest of the companies. At the same time, a significant part of the largest projects for the development of mineral resources has not yet reached the stage when a noticeable decline in volume and cost indicators begins, and therefore large corporations - operators of these projects will continue to play the role of key players determining the economic growth potential of Siberia and the Far East.
PRIORITIES AND DIRECTIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF EASTERN SIBERIAN MINERAL CENTERS
Authors: Filimonova Irina V. , Komarova Anna V.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the issues of the spatial organization of the Arctic mineral resource centers (MSC). The key factors restraining the development of MSCs, as well as the prerequisites for their organization in the Arctic zone, are highlighted. A methodological approach is proposed for assessing the economic efficiency of the development of subsoil plots that form the Arctic MSC, in order to select the priority investment objects. A feature of the methodology is the use of a multicriteria approach. The object of the study was a group of sections of the Khatanga-Lenskaya oil and gas accumulation zone in the north of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). As a result, the sites were ranked according to two criteria, which made it possible to establish the most investment attractive ones. The authors noted that the feasibility of organizing new Arctic MSCs is related to the geopolitical goals of the development of the northern territories, and they also highlight the positive effects at the level of the state and subsoil companies.
Dynamic Vehicle and Rigid Road Interaction Analysis and Vibration Control of the Quarter Car Model Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Algorithm
Authors: Koç Mehmet Akif
Published: October 2021

In this study 3-DOF quarter car model with the three bumps on the rigid road, the assumption has been modeled with the non-random irregularity. To reduce the excessive vibrations occurred on the vehicle body, an active suspension system with the linear actuator has been considered. Moreover, to control this actuator, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy algorithm is designed. The training and testing data of the ANFIS has been obtained from Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control algorithm. After that the successful training process, a testing procedure has been applied to ANFIS for the measure of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy system with data that are not considered in the training process. Then, the performance of the ANFIS is compared by the PID algorithm and passive suspension system in terms of vehicle body vertical acceleration, vehicle body vertical displacement, and control force. The road model used in the study has been modeled according to non-random road profile mathematical formulation considering periodical and discrete road profile cases. In this formulation, one can easily determine the height, width, and number of the road defect with the series mathematical formulation. Consequently, with the results obtained from the presented study, it is proven that ANFIS is a very effective controlling algorithm to suppress vibration occurred on the vehicle body due to vehicle road interaction. Furthermore, the performance of the ANFIS has been tested with different parameters, for example, different number membership functions (MF), which used the fuzzification of the input parameters.
Gasdermin E Deletion Attenuates Ureteral Obstruction- and 5/6 Nephrectomy-Induced Renal Fibrosis and Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Wu Mengying , Xia Weiwei , Jin Qianqian , Zhou Anning , Wang Qian , Li Shuzhen , Huang Songming , Zhang Aihua , Zhang Yue , Li Yuanyuan , Jia Zhanjun
Published: October 2021

Renal fibrosis contributes to kidney dysfunction in various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Renal fibrosis can be driven by renal tubular cell death and inflammation. Deletion of gasdermin E (GSDME), an executor of pyroptosis, has been reported to suppress renal tubular cell pyroptosis in several models of kidney injury. However, additional evidence confirming the role of GSDME in regulating renal fibrosis and kidney function in different CKDs is required. In our study, N-GSDME expression was significantly elevated in CKD models in vivo and in vitro. GSDME deletion alleviated renal fibrosis and inflammation in both unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO) and 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) models along with the attenuation of renal dysfunction. N-GSDME overexpression had a detrimental effect on fibrotic responses in UUO kidneys and TGF-β1-treated renal tubular epithelial cells. In addition, administration of caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK, which inhibits caspase-3-mediated GSDME cleavage, protected against renal fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, these results provide evidence that the activation of GSDME is critical in regulating both renal fibrosis and kidney dysfunction possibly via promoting inflammatory responses in CKD. These findings may offer new insights into the identification of new therapeutic targets for protecting against CKDs.
Associations of Walking Activity With Hypertensive Mediated Organ Damage in Community-Dwelling Elderly Chinese: The Northern Shanghai Study
Authors: Lyu Yuyan , Yu Shikai , Chi Chen , Teliewubai Jiadela , Li Jue , Blacher Jacques , Pu Jun , Zhang Yi , Xu Yawei
Published: October 2021

Background: Walking, as the most common campaign in older people, is recommended to improve their cardiovascular health. However, the direct association between weekly walking activity and asymptomatic hypertensive mediated organ damage (HMOD) remains unclear.

Methods: 2,830 community-dwelling elderly subjects (over 65 years) in northern Shanghai were recruited from 2014 to 2018. Weekly walking activity was assessed by International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ). Within the framework of comprehensive cardiovascular examinations, HMOD, including left ventricular mass index, peak transmitral pulsed Doppler velocity/early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity, creatinine clearance rate, urinary albumin–creatinine ratio, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT), arterial plaque, and ankle-brachial index (ABI), were all evaluated.

Results: 1,862 (65.8%) participants with weekly walking activity showed lower CIMT, lower cf-PWV, fewer abnormal ABI, and lower prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease (p < 0.05). Walking activity was negatively correlated with age and smokers (correlation coefficient: −0.066, −0.042; both p < 0.05). After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and concomitant diseases, walking activity was significantly associated with better indicator of most vascular HMOD in multivariate logistic regressions, including arterial stiffness [odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, p = 0.01], increased CIMT (OR = 0.70, p = 0.03), and peripheral artery disease (OR = 0.72, p = 0.005), but not cardiac or renal HMOD. Subgroup analysis further showed that walking duration ≥1 h/day was significantly associated with decreased risk of most vascular HMOD after adjustment for confounders and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity based on IPAQ (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions: In the community-dwelling elderly Chinese, there was a significant negative association of weekly walking activity with vascular HMOD, but not cardiac or renal HMOD. Increased daily walking duration, but not walking frequency, was significantly associated with improved vascular HMOD. Hence, increasing daily walking duration seems to encourage a healthy lifestyle in terms of vascular protection.

Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02368938.
Reassessing Revascularization Strategies in Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liang Bo , He Xin , Gu Ning
Published: October 2021

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is still controversial in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we aimed to evaluate the long-term follow-up events of PCI and CABG in these populations. Relevant randomized controlled trials were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane databases. The pooled results were represented as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with STATA software. A total of six trials with 1,766 patients who received CABG and 2,262 patients who received PCI were included in our study. Patients in the CABG group were significantly associated with a lower all-cause mortality compared with those in the PCI group (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56–0.98, P = 0.037). Cardiac mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization were also significantly lower in the CABG group (RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.40–1.53, P = 0.479; RR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.32–1.56, P = 0.387; and RR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.28–0.46, P < 0.0001; respectively). However, compared with the PCI group, the cerebral vascular accident was higher in the CABG group (RR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.43–3.33, P < 0.0001). There was no publication bias in our study. CABG revascularization was associated with significantly lower long-term adverse clinical outcomes, except cerebral vascular accident, compared with PCI in patients with CAD and T2DM.

Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020216014.
Internet of Things to Explore Moment 2 of “WHO My Five Moments” for Hand Hygiene
Authors: Florea Olga , Gonin Jeremy , Tissot Dupont Hervé , Dufour Jean Charles , Brouqui Philippe , Boudjema Sophia
Published: October 2021

Background: Electronic hand hygiene surveillance systems are developing and considered to be more reliable than direct observation for hand hygiene monitoring. However, none have the capability to assess compliance in complex nursing care.

Materials and Methods: We combined two different technologies, a hand hygiene monitoring system (radiofrequency identification, RFID) and a nursing care recorder at the bedside, and we merge their data to assess hand hygiene performance during nursing. Nursing tasks were classified as standard task procedures or aseptic task procedures corresponding to moment 2 among the five moments for hand hygiene recommended by the WHO. All statistical analyses were performed using R, version 3.6.2. For mixed models, the package “lme4” was used.

Results: From the merged database over the 2-year study period, 30,164 nursing tasks were identified for analysis, 25,633 were classified as standard task procedures, and 4,531 were classified as aseptic task procedures for nursing care. Hand disinfection with an alcohol-based solution was not detected with our system in 42.5% of all the recorded tasks, 37% of all the aseptic task procedures, and 47.1% of all the standard task procedures for nursing (p = 0.0362), indicating that WHO moment 2 was not respected in 37% of mandatory situations.

Conclusion: Using a combination of different technologies, we were able to assess hand hygiene performance in the riskiest circumstances.
A Distributed Two-Stage Economic Dispatch for Virtual Power Plant Based on An Improved Exact Diffusion Algorithm
Authors: Zheng Yingxuan , Wang Zhen , Ju Ping , Wu Hao
Published: October 2021

To manage a large scale of distributed energy resources (DERs) dispersed geographically and reduce the impact of DER uncertainties, this paper proposes a distributed two-stage economic dispatch for virtual power plant (VPP) to track a specified VPP schedule curve. In the look-ahead stage, a distributed economic dispatch strategy is proposed to optimally allocate the scheduled power among DERs. In the real-time stage, a distributed VPP schedule curve tracking problem is modeled to balance the fluctuation of wind farms and/or PV stations. The two-stage distributed optimization problems are solved by an improved exact diffusion algorithm which is proved to be robust to local communication failure. Case studies validate the performance of the algorithm proposed.
Metal-Organic Frameworks Promoted Hydrogen Storage Properties of Magnesium Hydride for In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) on Mars
Authors: Zhang Ze , Wang Yuanding , Wang Haoming , Xue Xiang , Lin Qingguo
Published: October 2021

Hydrogen is regarded as a promising solution to fulfill the energy demand of Mars human base in the future. Through in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) on Mars, the composite of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and magnesium hydride which demonstrates synergistic effect of physi- and chemisorption has been proposed to be an attractive approach for long-term hydrogen storage. MOFs may act either as scaffolds to confine Mg nanoparticles or as catalysts/precursors to lower the energy barrier for hydrogen dissociation on Mg surfaces. The corresponding mechanisms for faster hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics and lower operation temperature were further discussed and analyzed.
How Free-Viewing Eye Movements Can Be Used to Detect the Presence of Visual Field Defects in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Gestefeld Birte , Marsman Jan-Bernard , Cornelissen Frans W.
Published: October 2021

Purpose: There is a need for more intuitive perimetric screening methods, which can also be performed by elderly people and children currently unable to perform standard automated perimetry (SAP). Ideally, these methods should also be easier to administer, such that they may be used outside of a regular clinical environment. We evaluated the suitability of various methodological and analytical approaches for detecting and localizing VFD in glaucoma patients, based on eye movement recordings.

Methods: The present study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, we collected data from 20 glaucoma patients and 20 age-matched controls, who monocularly viewed 28 1-min video clips while their eyes were being tracked. In experiment 2, we re-analyzed a published dataset, that contained data of 44 glaucoma patients and 32 age-matched controls who had binocularly viewed three longer-duration (3, 5, and 7 min) video clips. For both experiments, we first examined if the two groups differed in the basic properties of their fixations and saccades. In addition, we computed the viewing priority (VP) of each participant. Following a previously reported approach, for each participant, we mapped their fixation locations and used kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA) to distinguish patients from controls. Finally, we attempted to reconstruct the location of a patient's VFD by mapping the relative fixation frequency and the VP across their visual field.

Results: We found direction dependent saccade amplitudes in glaucoma patients that often differed from those of the controls. Moreover, the kPCA indicated that the fixation maps of the two groups separated into two clusters based on the first two principal components. On average, glaucoma patients had a significantly lower VP than the controls, with this decrease depending on the specific video viewed.

Conclusions: It is possible to detect the presence of VFD in glaucoma patients based on their gaze behavior made during video viewing. While this corroborates earlier conclusions, we show that it requires participants to view the videos monocularly. Nevertheless, we could not reconstruct the VFD with any of the evaluated methods, possibly due to compensatory eye movements made by the glaucoma patients.
Drought Sensitivity of Sugarcane Cultivars Shapes Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Patterns in Response to Water Stress
Authors: Liu Qi , Xie Sasa , Zhao Xiaowen , Liu Yue , Xing Yuanjun , Dao Jicao , Wei Beilei , Peng Yunchang , Duan Weixing , Wang Ziting
Published: October 2021

Rhizosphere bacteria, the main functional microorganisms inhabiting the roots of terrestrial plants, play important roles in regulating plant growth and environmental stress resistance. However, limited information is available regarding changes occurring within the structure of the root microbial community and the response mechanisms of host plants that improve adaptability to drought stress. In this study, we conducted an experiment on two sugarcane varieties with different drought tolerance levels under drought and control treatments and analyzed the rhizosphere bacterial communities using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Correlation analysis results clarified the influence of various factors on the rhizosphere bacterial community structure. Drought stress reduced the diversity of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of sugarcane. Interestingly, the bacterial community of the drought-sensitive sugarcane cultivar GT39 changed more than that of the drought-tolerant cultivar ZZ9. In addition, ZZ9 had a high abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere under optimal soil water conditions, whereas GT39 accumulated a large number of drought-resistant bacteria only under drought stress. GT39 mainly relied on Actinobacteria in its response to drought stress, and the abundance of this phylum was positively correlated with soil acid phosphatase and protease levels. In contrast, ZZ9 mainly relied on Bacilli in its response to drought stress, and the abundance of this class was positively correlated with only soil acid phosphatase levels. In conclusion, drought stress can significantly reduce the bacterial diversity and increase the abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the sugarcane rhizosphere. The high abundance of drought-resistant bacteria in the rhizosphere of drought-tolerant cultivars under non-drought conditions is an important factor contributing to the high drought adaptability of these cultivars. Moreover, the core drought-resistant bacteria of the sugarcane rhizosphere and root exudates jointly affect the resistance of sugarcane to drought.
Neural Correlates of Decisions in Quasi-Realistic, Affective Social Interactions in Individuals With Violence-Related Socialization
Authors: Wiechert Juliana , Janzen Axel , Achtziger Anja , Fehr Thorsten
Published: October 2021

Appropriate social behavior in aggressive-provocative interactions is a prerequisite for a peaceful life. In previous research, the dysfunctions of the control of aggression were suggested to be modulated by enhanced bottom-up (sub-cortically driven) and reduced top-down (iso-cortical frontal) processing capability. In the present study, two groups of individuals with enhanced (EG) and normal (NG) experiences of violent acts during their socialization made binary behavioral decisions in quasi-realistic social interactions. These interactions were presented in short video clips taken from a first-person perspective. The video clips showed social interaction scenarios oriented on realistic everyday life situations. The behavioral data supported the distinct affective qualities of three categories of social interactions. These categories were labeled as aggressive–provocative, social–positive, and neutral–social interactions. Functional neuroimaging data showed extended activation patterns and higher signal intensity for the NG compared to the EG in the lateral inferior frontal brain regions for the aggressive provocative interactions. Furthermore, the peri-aqueductal gray (PAG) produced enhanced activations for the affective interaction scenarios (i.e., aggressive-provocative and social-positive) in both groups and as a trend with the medium effect size for the neutral interactions in the EG. As the individuals in the EG did not show open aggression during the functional MRIA (fMRI) investigation, we concluded that they applied individual self-control strategies to regulate their aggressive impulses immediately. These strategies appeared to be top-down regulated through the dorsal frontal brain areas. The predominant recruitment of the heteromodal cortices during the neural processing of complex social interactions pointed to the important role of the learning history of individuals and their socialization with differing levels of violent experiences as crucial modulators in convicts. Our data suggest that building or strengthening the association between prototypical social contexts (e.g., aggressive-provocative interactions) and appropriate behaviors as a response to it provides a promising approach to successfully re-socialize people with a delinquent history.
Membrane Cholesterol Is a Critical Determinant for Hippocampal Neuronal Polarity
Authors: Jose Mini , Sivanand Aiswarya , Channakeshava Chaitra
Published: October 2021

Maintaining a normal cholesterol balance is crucial for the functioning of a healthy brain. Dysregulation in cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the brain have been correlated to various neurological disorders. The majority of previous studies in primary cultures focus on the role of cholesterol balance in neuronal development after polarity has been established. Here we have investigated how transient alteration of membrane lipids, specifically cholesterol, affects neuronal development and polarity in developing hippocampal neurons prior to polarity establishment, soon after initiation of neurite outgrowth. We observed that temporary cholesterol perturbation affects axonal and dendritic development differentially in an opposing manner. Transient membrane cholesterol deficiency increased neuronal population with a single neurite, simultaneously generating a second population of neurons with supernumerary axons. Brief replenishment of cholesterol immediately after cholesterol sequestering rescued neuronal development defects and restored polarity. The results showed a small window of cholesterol concentration to be complementing neurite outgrowth, polarity reestablishment, and in determining the normal neuronal morphology, emphasizing the critical role of precise membrane lipid balance in defining the neuronal architecture. Membrane cholesterol enhancement modified neurite outgrowth but did not significantly alter polarity. Cholesterol sequestering at later stages of development has shown to enhance neurite outgrowth, whereas distinct effects for neurite development and polarity were observed at early developmental stages, signifying the relevance of precise membrane cholesterol balance in altering neuronal physiology. Our results confirm cholesterol to be a key determinant for axo-dendritic specification and neuronal architecture and emphasize the possibility to reverse neuronal developmental defects caused by cholesterol deficiency by modulating membrane cholesterol during the early developmental stages.
Case Report: Carcinoma en Cuirasse in a Middle-Aged Woman Mimicking Postirradiation Morphea
Authors: Wang Haiqing , Bao Chengbei , Gong Ting , Ji Chao
Published: October 2021

Breast carcinoma en cuirasse (CeC) is an extremely rare form of cutaneous metastases of breast cancer, characterized by diffuse sclerodermoid induration of the skin. It may be difficult to distinguish CeC from some skin diseases, including postirradiation morphea, inflammatory breast cancer, radiation dermatitis, and other cutaneous metastases, but it can be easily discerned by histology. Because of the small number of documented cases, the treatment consensus has not been clearly defined. Here, we show a 45-year-old woman with grade III infiltrating ductal carcinoma manifesting as CeC to the chest wall. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the catastrophic natural progression of this rare malignancy.
Hematological Toxicities of Concurrent Chemoradiotherapies in Head and Neck Cancers: Comparison Among Cisplatin, Nedaplatin, Lobaplatin, and Nimotuzumab
Authors: Wu Qiuji , Zhu Chunmei , Zhang Shuyuan , Zhou Yunfeng , Zhong Yahua
Published: October 2021

Background

Cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy is standard of care for locally advanced head and neck cancers (LAHNC). Nedaplatin, lobaplatin and nimotuzumab have shown anti-cancer effect with less gastrointestinal toxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, the profile of hematological toxicities of these agents in combination with radiotherapy has not been fully illustrated.

Methods

We retrospectively collected the clinical data of consecutive LAHNC patients treated by cisplatin-, nedaplatin-, lobaplatin-, and nimotuzumab-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Routine blood cell counts were obtained every 4 to 7 days. Hematological toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0.

Results

A total of 181 eligible LAHNC patients were assigned to nimotuzumab group (n = 34), cisplatin group (n = 52), nedaplatin group (n = 62) or lobaplatin group (n = 33). Among the four groups, nimotuzumab group displayed lightest hematological toxicities, followed by cisplatin group, nedaplatin group, and lobaplatin group. Lobaplatin was more likely to produce grade 3/4 leukopenia compared with cisplatin (48.5% vs 25.0%). Compared with cisplatin, nedaplatin and lobaplatin were more likely to cause grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (nedaplatin 19.4% vs cisplatin 3.8%; lobaplatin 30.3% vs cisplatin 3.8%). Similarly, nimotuzumab group showed highest nadir levels among the four groups, followed by cisplatin, nedaplatin, and lobaplatin group. Moreover, concurrent platinum treatment and induction chemotherapy were risk factors of developing grade 3/4 hematological toxicities.

Conclusion

Nimotuzumab-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancers produced the lightest hematological toxicities, followed by cisplatin, nedaplatin, and lobaplatin. Patients should be given specific attention during concurrent chemoradiotherapy, particularly in the presence of previous induction chemotherapy.
A Selective Neutraligand for CXCL12/SDF-1α With Beneficial Regulatory Functions in MRL/Lpr Lupus Prone Mice
Authors: Schall Nicolas , Daubeuf François , Marsol Claire , Gizzi Patrick , Frossard Nelly , Bonnet Dominique , Galzi Jean-Luc , Muller Sylviane
Published: October 2021

Dysregulation of CXCL12/SDF-1-CXCR4/CD184 signaling is associated with inflammatory diseases and notably with systemic lupus erythematosus. Issued from the lead molecule chalcone-4, the first neutraligand of the CXCL12 chemokine, LIT-927 was recently described as a potent analogue with improved solubility and stability. We aimed to investigate the capacity of LIT-927 to correct immune alterations in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice and to explore the mechanism of action implemented by this small molecule in this model. We found that in contrast to AMD3100, an antagonist of CXCR4 and agonist of CXCR7, LIT-927 reduces the excessive number of several B/T lymphocyte subsets occurring in the blood of sick MRL/lpr mice (including CD3+/CD4-/CD8-/B220+ double negative T cells). In vitro, LIT-927 downregulated the overexpression of several activation markers on splenic MRL/lpr lymphocytes. It exerted effects on the CXCR4 pathway in MRL/lpr CD4+ T spleen cells. The results underline the importance of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in lupus pathophysiology. They indicate that neutralizing CXCL12 by the neutraligand LIT-927 can attenuate hyperactive lymphocytes in lupus. This mode of intervention might represent a novel strategy to control a common pathophysiological mechanism occurring in inflammatory diseases.