bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafine Pt Nanoparticle‐Decorated Pyrite‐Type CoS2Nanosheet Arrays Coated on Carbon Cloth as a Bifunctional Electrode for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Han Xiaopeng , Wu Xiaoyu , Deng Yida , Liu Jian , Lu Jun , Zhong Cheng , Hu Wenbin
Published: July 2018

To improve the utilization efficiency of precious metals, metal‐supported materials provide a direction for fabricating highly active and stable heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, carbon cloth (CC)‐supported Earth‐abundant CoS2nanosheet arrays (CoS2/CC) are presented as ideal substrates for ultrafine Pt deposition (Pt‐CoS2/CC) to achieve remarkable performance toward the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) in alkaline solutions. Notably, the Pt‐CoS2/CC hybrid delivers an overpotential of 24 mV at 10 mA cm−2and a mass activity of 3.89 A Ptmg−1, which is 4.7 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C, at an overpotential of 130 mV for catalyzing the HER. An alkali‐electrolyzer using Pt‐CoS2/CC as a bifunctional electrode enables a water‐splitting current density of 10 mA cm−2at a low voltage of 1.55 V and can sustain for more than 20 h, which is superior to that of the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C+RuO2catalyst. Further experimental and theoretical simulation studies demonstrate that strong electronic interaction between Pt and CoS2synergistically optimize hydrogen adsorption/desorption behaviors and facilitate the in situ generation of OER active species, enhancing the overall water‐splitting performance. This work highlights the regulation of interfacial and electronic synergy in pursuit of highly efficient and durable supported catalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrocatalytic applications.
A Hybrid Electrolytes Design for Capacity‐Equivalent Dual‐Graphite Battery with Superior Long‐Term Cycle Life
Authors: Qiao Yu , Jiang Kezhu , Li Xiang , Deng Han , He Yibo , Chang Zhi , Wu Shichao , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: July 2018

Based on cation/anion graphite intercalation chemistry (GIC) processes, dual‐graphite batteries promise to be an energy storage device of high safety and low cost. However, few single electrolyte systems can simultaneously meet the requirements of both high oxidative stability during high voltage anion‐GIC on cathode and high reversibility upon cation‐GIC on anode. Thus, in order to rigidly remedy the irreversible capacity loss, excessive electrode materials need to be fabricated within full cell, resulting in an imbalance toward capacity‐dependent mass loading proportion between both electrodes. This work introduces a hybrid (dual‐organic) electrolytes design strategy into this promising technology. Segregated by a Nafion‐based separator, an ionic liquid electrolyte within the cathodic side can endure high operation potentials, while high Li‐GIC reversibility can be achieved in a superconcentrated ether‐based electrolyte on the anode side. On a mechanistic level, various cation‐GIC processes conducted in different electrolyte systems are clearly revealed and are summarized based on systematical characterizations. More importantly, after synergistically tuning the advantage and drawback of each electrolyte in this hybrid system, the dual‐graphite full cell assembled with capacity‐equivalent graphite‐based electrodes (1:1 mass loading) demonstrates superior long‐term cycling stability with ultrahigh capacity retention for over 3000 cycles.
Scalable Triple Cation Mixed Halide Perovskite–BiVO4 Tandems for Bias‐Free Water Splitting
Authors: Andrei Virgil , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Crespo‐Quesada Micaela , Bajada Mark , Ahmad Shahab , De Volder Michael , Friend Richard , Reisner Erwin
Published: July 2018

Strong interest exists in the development of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite photovoltaics and of photoelectrochemical (PEC) tandem absorber systems for solar fuel production. However, their scalability and durability have long been limiting factors. In this work, it is revealed how both fields can be seamlessly merged together, to obtain scalable, bias‐free solar water splitting tandem devices. For this purpose, state‐of‐the‐art cesium formamidinium methylammonium (CsFAMA) triple cation mixed halide perovskite photovoltaic cells with a nickel oxide (NiOx) hole transport layer are employed to produce Field's metal‐epoxy encapsulated photocathodes. Their stability (up to 7 h), photocurrent density (–12.1 ± 0.3 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), and reproducibility enable a matching combination with robust BiVO4 photoanodes, resulting in 0.25 cm2 PEC tandems with an excellent stability of up to 20 h and a bias‐free solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 0.35 ± 0.14%. The high reliability of the fabrication procedures allows scaling of the devices up to 10 cm2, with a slight decrease in bias‐free photocurrent density from 0.39 ± 0.15 to 0.23 ± 0.10 mA cm−2 due to an increasing series resistance. To characterize these devices, a versatile 3D‐printed PEC cell is also developed.
Metal‐ and Base‐Free Direct N‐Arylation of Pyridazinones by Using Diaryliodonium Salts: An Anion Effect
Authors: Xu Bowen , Han Jianwei , Wang Limin
Published: July 2018

An efficient N‐arylation of pyridazinones with diaryliodonium salts has been developed without using base or metal catalysts. The reaction tolerated a variety of both diaryliodonium salts and pyridazinone derivatives with diverse functional groups. Furthermore, a drug candidate for treatment of neuropathic pain was synthesized with this procedure in good yield.
Correlated, Dual‐Beam Optical Gating in Coupled Organic–Inorganic Nanostructures
Authors: Wurst Kai M. , Bender Markus , Lauth Jannika , Maiti Sonam , Chassé Thomas , Meixner Alfred , Siebbeles Laurens D. A. , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Braun Kai , Scheele Marcus
Published: July 2018

An optical switch with two distinct resonances is formed by combining PbS nanocrystals and the conductive polymer poly[sodium 2‐(2‐ethynyl‐4‐methoxyphenoxy)acetate] (PAE) into a hybrid thin film. Infrared excitation of the nanocrystals invokes charge transfer and consecutive polaron formation in the PAE, which activates the switch for excited‐state absorption at visible frequencies. The optical modulation of the photocurrent response of the switch exhibits highly wavelength‐selective ON/OFF ratios. Transient absorption spectroscopy shows that the polaron formation is correlated with the excited state of the nanocrystals, opening up new perspectives for photonic data processing. Such correlated activated absorption can be exploited to enhance the sensitivity for one optical signal by a second light source of different frequency as part of an optical amplifier or a device with AND logic.
Hydrophobic‐Force‐Driven Removal of Organic Compounds from Water by Reduced Graphene Oxides Generated in Agarose Hydrogels
Authors: Cheng Chongling , Cai Yongqing , Guan Guijian , Yeo Leslie , Wang Dayang
Published: July 2018

Hydrophobic reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) were generated in agarose hydrogel beads (AgarBs) by NaBH4 reduction of graphene oxides (GOs) initially loaded in the AgarBs. The resulting rGO‐loaded AgarBs were able to effectively adsorb organic compounds in water as a result of the attractive hydrophobic force between the rGOs in the AgarBs and the organic compounds dissolved in aqueous media. The adsorption capacity of the rGOs was fairly high even toward reasonably water‐soluble organic compounds such as rhodamine B (321.7 mg g−1) and aspirin (196.4 mg g−1). Yet they exhibited salinity‐enhanced adsorption capacity and preferential adsorption of organic compounds with lower solubility in water. Such peculiar adsorption behavior highlights the exciting possibility for adopting an adsorption strategy, driven by hydrophobic forces, in practical wastewater treatment processes.
Molecular Ruby under Pressure
Authors: Otto Sven , Harris Joe P. , Heinze Katja , Reber Christian
Published: July 2018

The intensely luminescent chromium(III) complexes [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ and [Cr(H2tpda)2]3+ show surprising pressure‐induced red shifts of up to −15 cm−1 kbar−1 for their sharp spin‐flip emission bands (ddpd=N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dipyridine‐2‐yl‐pyridine‐2,6‐diamine; H2tpda=2,6‐bis(2‐pyridylamino)pyridine). These shifts surpass that of the established standard, ruby Al2O3:Cr3+, by a factor of 20. Beyond the common application in the crystalline state, the very high quantum yield of [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ enables optical pressure sensing in aqueous and methanolic solution. These unique features of the molecular rubies [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ and [Cr(H2tpda)2]3+ pave the way for highly sensitive optical pressure determination and unprecedented molecule‐based pressure sensing with a single type of emitter.
Selective Inhibition of Lysine‐Specific Demethylase 5A (KDM5A) Using a Rhodium(III) Complex for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Guan‐Jun , Wang Wanhe , Mok Simon Wing Fai , Wu Chun , Law Betty Yuen Kwan , Miao Xiang‐Min , Wu Ke‐Jia , Zhong Hai‐Jing , Wong Chun‐Yuen , Wong Vincent Kam Wai , Ma Dik‐Lung , Leung Chung‐Hang
Published: July 2018

Lysine‐specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A) has recently become a promising target for epigenetic therapy. In this study, we designed and synthesized metal complexes bearing ligands with reported demethylase and p27 modulating activities. The Rh(III) complex 1 was identified as a direct, selective and potent inhibitor of KDM5A that directly abrogate KDM5A demethylase activity via antagonizing the KDM5A‐tri‐/di‐methylated histone 3 protein–protein interaction (PPI) in vitro and in cellulo. Complex 1 induced accumulation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 levels in cells, causing growth arrest at G1 phase in the triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, MDA‐MB‐231 and 4T1. Finally, 1 exhibited potent anti‐tumor activity against TNBC xenografts in an in vivo mouse model, presumably via targeting of KDM5A and hence upregulating p27. Moreover, complex 1 was less toxic compared with two clinical drugs, cisplatin and doxorubicin. To our knowledge, complex 1 is the first metal‐based KDM5A inhibitor reported in the literature. We anticipate that complex 1 may be used as a novel scaffold for the further development of more potent epigenetic agents against cancers, including TNBC.
A Kinetic Investigation of Triacetin Methanolysis and Assessment of the Stability of a Sulfated Zirconium Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Temóteo Rafael L. , da Silva Marcio J. , de Ávila Rodrigues Fabio , da Silva Wagner F. , de Jesus Silva Deusanilde , Oliveira Cesar M.
Published: July 2018

In this work, the activity and stability of a sulfated zirconium catalyst in transesterification reactions of triacetin, a model molecule, were investigated. This catalyst has Lewis and Brønsted acid sites and has shown to be highly active in reactions converting triacetin into methyl esters. This catalyst was synthesized using the impregnation method, and systematically characterized using the techniques of x‐rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller, and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA). Kinetic studies were carried out to determine the activation energy as well as the reaction order. The effects of the main reaction parameters, such as temperature, the molar ratio, and the catalyst content, were evaluated. The reuse and possible leaching of the catalyst were also investigated. The highest efficiency (ca. 99% of methyl esters) was achieved in the sulfated zirconium oxide‐catalyzed transesterification reaction.
Pilot study of combined FDG‐PET and dynamic contrast‐enhanced CT of locally advanced cervical carcinoma before and during concurrent chemoradiotherapy suggests association between changes in tumor blood volume and treatment response
Authors: Banks Thomas I. , von Eyben Rie , Hristov Dimitre , Kidd Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2018

Modern PET/CT radiotherapy simulators offer FDG‐PET and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) CT imaging for combined volumetric assessment of tumor metabolism and perfusion. However, the clinical utility of such assessment has not been clearly defined. Thus, in a prospective longitudinal study of primary cervical tumors treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) we evaluated: (1) whether PET and perfusion parameters correlate or provide complementary information; (2) what imaging changes occur during CCRT; and (3) whether any parameters are predictive of treatment response as assessed by PET/CT 3 months posttherapy. FDG‐PET/CT and DCE‐CT scans were performed on 21 patients prior to and during CCRT. Coregistered volumetric parametric maps of standardized uptake value (SUV) measures and perfusion parameters blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and permeability were generated. Summary statistics for these parameters and their changes were calculated within the metabolic tumor volume (MTV). Correlations between SUV and BF/BV/permeability on local and global bases were assessed with Pearson's coefficient r. MTV, maximum SUV, and mean SUV decreased significantly between the pre‐ and during‐treatment time points, while mean BV and permeability increased significantly. Global correlations between mean BF/BV/permeability and mean SUV values (−.15 < r < .29) were at most moderate. An increase in mean tumor BV during treatment was significantly correlated with complete metabolic response on 3‐month posttreatment PET/CT. Weak correlations of SUV and perfusion parameters suggest a complementary role of FDG‐PET and DCE‐CT for tumor characterization. The association between relative change in mean BV and outcome suggests a potential role for DCE‐CT in early evaluation of cervical tumor response to chemoradiotherapy.
Retrocaval ureter associated with cryptorchidism: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Fernando Manoj Hilary , Jayarajah Umesh , Arulanantham Arulprashanth , Goonewardena Serozsha , Wijewardena Manjula
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

We report an incidentally diagnosed retrocaval ureter in a 14‐year‐old boy, while evaluating for right‐sided hydronephrosis associated with cryptorchidism. Therefore, we suggest that any significant right‐sided hydronephrosis associated with cryptorchidism may require investigations to exclude this rare anomaly.
Successful treatment of aortic dissection during sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tsuchiya Atsunori , Ogawa Masahiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Kimura Naruhiro , Hayashi Kazunao , Suda Takeshi , Terai Shuji
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Our case highlights the need for caution during vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitor (VPI) therapy and for the occurrence of aortic dissection. If Stanford classification type A aortic dissection occurs during VPI therapy, surgical intervention should be considered to prevent cardiac tamponade if the patient's clinical condition permits it.
A curious case of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody disease
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Leghrouz Muhannad , Zeng Xu
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody disease is a vasculitis affecting glomerular capillaries, pulmonary capillaries, or both, with GBM deposition of autoantibodies. It can be both life‐ and organ‐threatening and delayed diagnosis may be detrimental. Alveolar hemorrhage and microscopic hematuria should be excluded in anybody who is suspected of this disease.
Progress in Developing a Structure‐Activity Relationship for the Direct Aromatization of Methane
Authors: Vollmer Ina , Yarulina Irina , Kapteijn Freek , Gascon Jorge
Published: July 2018

To secure future supply of aromatics, methane is a commercially interesting alternative feedstock. Direct conversion of methane into aromatics combines the challenge of activating one of the strongest C−H bonds in all hydrocarbons with the selective aromatization over zeolites. To address these challenges, smart catalyst and process design are a must. And for that, understanding the most important factors leading to successful methane C−H bond activation and selective aromatization is needed. In this review, we summarize mechanistic insight that has been gained so far not only for this reaction, but also for other similar processes involving aromatization reactions over zeolites. With that, we highlight what can be learnt from similar processes. In addition, we provide an overview of characterization tools and strategies, which are useful to gain structural information about this particular metal‐zeolite system at reaction conditions. Here we also aim to inspire future characterization work, by giving an outlook on characterization strategies that have not yet been applied for the methane dehydroaromatization catalyst, but are promising for this system.
Heterogeneous catalyst design: Zoned and layered catalysts in diesel vehicle aftertreatment monolith reactors
Authors: Hazlett Melanie J. , Epling William S.
Published: July 2018

There have been ongoing research efforts focused on layering or zoning different washcoats/active metals on the catalysts constituting diesel aftertreatment systems: the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, the lean NOXtrap (LNT), the ammonia slip catalyst (ASC), and the diesel particulate filter (DPF). This review paper aims to shed insight into the state‐of‐the‐art research on catalyst design in this area and how these catalyst designs may evolve to tackle engine emission reductions in the future. First, we discuss the motivation for zoning or layering catalysts and pioneering work on three‐way catalyst (TWC) design for reducing gasoline engine emissions; then, we focus on the catalytic systems used for diesel exhaust aftertreatment. The configuration of the aftertreatment systems for diesel engines generally consist of an oxidation catalyst for hydrocarbon (HC), CO, and NO oxidation (over the DOC), a NOXreduction catalyst (over one or combined SCR/LNT/ASC catalysts), and a particulate matter (PM) filter (using a DPF). The research to date consistently demonstrates that zoning and layering catalyst regions leads to improved performance and/or smaller system volumes required.
Associations between glucocorticoids and sociality across a continuum of vertebrate social behavior
Authors: Raulo Aura , Dantzer Ben
Published: July 2018

The causes and consequences of individual differences in animal behavior and stress physiology are increasingly studied in wild animals, yet the possibility that stress physiology underlies individual variation in social behavior has received less attention. In this review, we bring together these study areas and focus on understanding how the activity of the vertebrate neuroendocrine stress axis (HPA‐axis) may underlie individual differences in social behavior in wild animals. We first describe a continuum of vertebrate social behaviors spanning from initial social tendencies (proactive behavior) to social behavior occurring in reproductive contexts (parental care, sexual pair‐bonding) and lastly to social behavior occurring in nonreproductive contexts (nonsexual bonding, group‐level cooperation). We then perform a qualitative review of existing literature to address the correlative and causal association between measures of HPA‐axis activity (glucocorticoid levels or GCs) and each of these types of social behavior. As expected, elevated HPA‐axis activity can inhibit social behavior associated with initial social tendencies (approaching conspecifics) and reproduction. However, elevated HPA‐axis activity may also enhance more elaborate social behavior outside of reproductive contexts, such as alloparental care behavior. In addition, the effect of GCs on social behavior can depend upon the sociality of the stressor (cause of increase in GCs) and the severity of stress (extent of increase in GCs). Our review shows that the while the associations between stress responses and sociality are diverse, the role of HPA‐axis activity behind social behavior may shift toward more facilitating and less inhibiting in more social species, providing insight into how stress physiology and social systems may co‐evolve.
Waist‐to‐hip ratio and mortality in heart failure
Authors: Streng Koen W. , Voors Adriaan A. , Hillege Hans L. , Anker Stefan D. , Cleland John G. , Dickstein Kenneth , Filippatos Gerasimos , Metra Marco , Ng Leong L. , Ponikowski Piotr , Samani Nilesh J. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Zannad Faiez , Damman Kevin , van der Meer Peter , Lang Chim C.
Published: July 2018

Aims

A higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with better survival in heart failure (HF) patients, also known as the obesity paradox. However, BMI does not account for body composition. We therefore analysed the association between abdominal fat, measured via waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), BMI and all‐cause mortality in patients with HF.

Methods and results

For this analysis, 1738 patients from the Scottish BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT‐CHF) validation study were included. Patients without waist and hip measurements were excluded. WHR was defined as waist circumference/hip circumference, divided into tertiles and split for sex. A linear regression of principal components from an extensive panel of biomarkers was performed to provide insight in the pathophysiology behind a higher WHR. In total, 1479 patients were included, of which 33% were female and mean age was 75 ±11 years. A higher WHR was independently associated with a higher BMI, a higher prevalence of diabetes and higher New York Heart Association functional class. There was a significant interaction between sex and WHR on its association with mortality (P <0.001). In women, a higher WHR was associated with a higher mortality risk [hazard ratio (HR) 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37–3.63; P =0.001], whereas no significant association was found in men (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.63–1.20; P = 0.409). We found a strong association between a higher WHR and elevated markers of inflammation and MAPK cascade in women, while these associations were less profound in men.

Conclusions

A higher WHR was associated with a higher risk of death in female but not in male HF patients. These findings challenge the obesity paradox, and suggest that fat deposition is pathophysiologically harmful and may be a target for therapy in female patients with HF.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of 1:1 [α/α‐Nα‐Bn‐Hydrazino] and 1:1 [α‐Nα‐Bn‐Hydrazino/α] Trimers: Determination of the Δδ Value for the γ‐Turn Structuration
Authors: Romero Eugénie , Moussodia Ralph‐Olivier , Jamart‐Grégoire Brigitte , Acherar Samir
Published: July 2018

Heterogeneous 1:1 [α/α‐Nα‐Bn‐hydrazino] pseudopeptides are able to self‐organize in CDCl3 solution by an alternation of the γ‐turn and hydrazinoturn conformations. Amidation of the C terminus allowed us to calculate the difference in the chemical shift (Δδ) of the 1H NMR signals of the geminal amidic protons and to associate a Δδ value from 2.58 to 2.75 ppm with the presence of a hydrazinoturn at the C terminus. In this paper we wish to demonstrate that the measurement of a Δδ value close to 0.9 ppm can be correlated with the presence of a γ‐turn structuration. This result will complete this valuable toolbox of Δδ values for a rapid access to the self‐organization of pseudopeptides involving hydrazinoturns and/or γ‐turns based on simple and accessible 1H NMR experiments, and should also provide an opportunity to extend the scope of heterogeneous backbone foldamer design.
Advances in bio‐based production of dicarboxylic acids longer than C4
Authors: Yu Jia‐Le , Qian Zhi‐Gang , Zhong Jian‐Jiang
Published: July 2018

Growing concerns of environmental pollution and fossil resource shortage are major driving forces for bio‐based production of chemicals traditionally from petrochemical industry. Dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) are important platform chemicals with large market and wide applications, and here the recent advances in bio‐based production of straight‐chain DCAs longer than C4 from biological approaches, especially by synthetic biology, are reviewed. A couple of pathways were recently designed and demonstrated for producing DCAs, even those ranging from C5 to C15, by employing respective starting units, extending units, and appropriate enzymes. Furthermore, in order to achieve higher production of DCAs, enormous efforts were made in engineering microbial hosts that harbored the biosynthetic pathways and in improving properties of biocatalytic elements to enhance metabolic fluxes toward target DCAs. Here we summarize and discuss the current advantages and limitations of related pathways, and also provide perspectives on synthetic pathway design and optimization for hyper‐production of DCAs.
Identification and molecular docking of novel ACE inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysates of shrimp waste
Authors: Krichen Fatma , Sila Assaâd , Caron Juliette , Kobbi Sabrine , Nedjar Naima , Miled Nabil , Blecker Christophe , Besbes Souhail , Bougatef Ali
Published: July 2018

The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis by Savinase on the interfacial properties and antihypertensive activity of shrimp waste proteins was evaluated. The physicochemical characterization, interfacial tension, and surface characteristics of shrimp waste protein hydrolysates (SWPH) using different enzyme/substrate (E/S) (SWPH5 (SWPH using E/S = 5), SWPH15 (SWPH using E/S = 15), and SWPH40 (SWPH using E/S = 40)) were also studied. SWPH5, SWPH15, and SWPH40 had an isoelectric pH around 2.07, 2.17, and 2.54 respectively. SWPH5 exhibited the lowest interfacial tension (68.96 mN/m) followed by SWPH15 (69.36 mN/m) and SWPH40 (70.29 mN/m). The in vitro ACE inhibitory activity of shrimp waste protein hydrolysates showed that the most active hydrolysate was obtained using an enzyme/substrate of 15 U/mg (SWPH15). SWPH15 had a lower IC50 value (2.17 mg/mL) than that of SWPH5 and SWPH40 (3.65 and 5.7 mg/mL, respectively). This hydrolysate was then purified and characterized. Fraction F1 separated by Sephadex G25 column which presents the best ACE inhibition activity was then separated by reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography. Four ACE inhibitory peptides were identified and their molecular masses and amino acid sequences were determined using ESI–MS and ESI–MS/MS, respectively. The structures of the most potent peptides were SSSKAKKMP, HGEGGRSTHE, WLGHGGRPDHE, and WRMDIDGDIMISEQEAHQR. The structural modeling of anti‐ACE peptides from shrimp waste through docking simulations results showed that these peptides bound to ACE with high affinity.
Differences in the Nature of Reaction Process for Thermochemical CO2 Splitting over NiFe2O4‐Based Materials
Authors: Huang Jincheng , Fu Yu , Kong Wenbo , Zhang Jun , Sun Yuhan
Published: July 2018

Perspectives concerning the two‐step thermochemical CO2 splitting via NiFe2O4‐based materials are given for CO production. The thermochemical reactivity of these materials is investigated, and the nature of reaction process is discussed. NiFe2O4/MgO exhibits universally better performance, giving 3–10 times higher CO production than that of two other materials, NiFe2O4/SiO2 and NiFe2O4/ZrO2. A comprehensive analysis indicates that the spinel ferrites in NiFe2O4/MgO can dissolve in and exsolve out of the wüstite matrix in synchronization with the temperature swing, leading to the self‐regeneration of spinel ferrites, which alleviates the sintering of NiFe2O4/MgO. Meanwhile, a similar dynamic transition between spinel and wüstite occurs under the periodic variation between reductive and oxidative atmospheres, associated with the internal reaction that promotes the interior iron diffusion, which plays a critical role in enhancing the reactivity of NiFe2O4/MgO.
Redox Behavior of Solid Solutions in the SrFe1‐xCuxO3‐δ System for Application in Thermochemical Oxygen Storage and Air Separation
Authors: Vieten Josua , Bulfin Brendan , Starr David E. , Hariki Atsushi , de Groot Frank M. F. , Azarpira Anahita , Zachäus Carolin , Hävecker Michael , Skorupska Katarzyna , Knoblauch Nicole , Schmücker Martin , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian
Published: July 2018

Perovskite oxides with temperature and oxygen partial pressure dependent non‐stoichiometry δ, such as SrFeO3‐δ or its Cu‐doped variants, can be applied as redox materials for two‐step thermochemical processes, i. e. to reversibly store oxygen and thereby thermal energy, or separate air using concentrated solar power. We studied the redox state of Cu in SrFe1‐xCuxO3‐δ samples using in‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray absorption (XAS) measurements in oxygen atmospheres using synchrotron radiation, and characterized these materials through thermogravimetric analysis. By this means, we show how spectroscopic and thermogravimetric data are correlated, suggesting that Cu and Fe are reduced simultaneously for x=0.05, whereas the reduction of samples with x=0.15 is mainly driven by a change in the Fe oxidation state. Furthermore, we studied the re‐oxidation kinetics of reduced SrFe1‐xCuxO3‐δ, revealing very high reaction speeds with t1/2=13 min at 150 °C for SrFeO3‐δ. Our results indicate that SrFe1‐xCuxO3‐δ solid solutions can be applied for oxygen storage and air separation with high capacity at relatively low temperatures, which allows an efficient thermochemical process.
Post‐stroke seizure—Do the locations, types and managements of stroke matter?
Authors: Pande Shrikant D. , Lwin May Thiri , Kyaw Kaung Myat , Khine Aye Aye , Thant Aye Aye , Win May Myat , Morris Julie
Published: July 2018

Objective

To determine the incidence of post‐stroke seizures and the associated risk factors in a government‐restructured hospital in Singapore.

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive patients (age ≥21 years) admitted to the stroke rehabilitation facility at Changi General Hospital, Singapore, between June 2008 and May 2017, with a minimum post‐discharge follow‐up of 6 months. Patients with known epilepsy central nervous system infection or tumor, a history of neurosurgery and or missing data were excluded from study. To determine the incidence of seizures, the patients’ hospital records, including those for all initial and subsequent admissions and outpatient follow‐ups, were reviewed. All prescribed medications were checked and documented. Seizures were diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination with or without electroencephalography.

Results

In total, 722 patients (women, 38%) with a mean age of 64 years were included. Of these, 48 (6.64%) experienced post‐stroke seizures during a follow‐up period of 6–108 months. The incidence of seizures was significantly higher in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (42%, p = 0.010), those with ischemic partial anterior circulation stroke (PACS) (27%, p = 0.025), those who underwent a neurosurgical procedure after stroke (p < 0.001), those with a low activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at admission (mean, 25.6; p = 0.015), and those using levodopa (21%, p < 0.001). Neurosurgical intervention after stroke (odds ratio [OR] 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9–13.1; p < 0.001), APTT (per‐unit increase; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.98; p = 0.028), and underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD; OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.08–4.60; p = 0.029) were found to be independent predictors of seizure occurrence after stroke.

Significance

Post‐stroke seizure incidence from our study is 6.64%, with a median follow‐up of 49 months. Among patients with stroke, those with underlying IHD, those who undergo a neurosurgical procedure, and those with a low APTT at admission need careful monitoring. Levodopa should be used with caution and withdrawn as soon as possible.
Relative Abundance Trends of Bird Populations in High Intensity Croplands in the Central United States
Authors: Belden Jason B , McMurry Scott T , Maul Jonathan D , Brain Richard A , Ghebremichael Lula T
Published: July 2018

Declining bird populations across the United States have been noted in a number of studies. Although multiple explanations have been proposed as causes of these declines, agricultural intensification has often been suggested as a significant driver of bird population dynamics. Using spatially explicit USDA-NASS Cropland Data Layer, we examined this relationship by comparing bird count data from the Breeding Bird Survey collected between 1995 and 2016 across 13 states in the central United States to corresponding categorical changes in land cover within a 2-km radius of each survey transect. This approach allowed us to compare the slopes of counts for 31 species of birds between grassland- and cropland-dominated landscapes and against increasing levels of cropland (all types combined) and pooled corn and soybean land cover types. Nearly all birds demonstrated significant responses to land cover changes. In all cases, the number of species exhibiting positive or negative responses was comparable, and median differences in percent change per year ranged from −0.5 to 0.7%. Species that responded either positively or negatively did not appear to fall into any particular foraging guild. If changes in agricultural practices are a major cause of declines, we would expect to see it across the spatial scale studied and across the majority of species. While these results do not rule out potential agricultural effects, such as toxicity resulting from pesticide exposure, which may have species-specific or localized effects, a variety of factors related to habitat are likely the most significant contributor overall. Given these results over a large spatial scale basis (multistate) and across numerous bird species, there is not a broad general trend of greater decline in crop-intensive areas. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:692–702. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points

When comparing relative trends in abundance, the majority of bird species showed significant differences based on the extent of cropping. The number of species exhibiting positive responses to increased crop intensity tended to equal or exceed those species showing a significant negative response. Species that responded either positively or negatively did not appear to fall into any particular foraging guild. If a shift in current agricultural practices is a major cause of declines, we would predict to see decreased relative abundance trends in more heavily cropped areas across the spatial scale studied and across the majority of species, which was not observed.
Catechol derived from aronia juice through lactic acid bacteria fermentation inhibits breast cancer stem cell formation via modulation Stat3/IL‐6 signaling pathway
Authors: Choi Hack S. , Kim Ji‐Hyang , Kim Su‐Lim , Deng Hong‐Yuan , Lee Doseung , Kim Chang Sook , Yun Bong‐Sik , Lee Dong‐Sun
Published: July 2018

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) as a subpopulation of cancer cells are drug‐resistant and radiation‐resistant cancer cells to be responsible for tumor progress, maintenance and recurrence of cancer, and metastasis. This study isolated and investigated a new cancer stem cell (CSC) inhibitor derived from lactic acid fermentation products using culture broth with 2% aronia juice. The anti‐CSC activity of aronia‐cultured broth was significantly higher than that of the control. Activity‐guided fractionation and repeated chromatographic preparation led to the isolation of one compound. Using nuclear magnetic resonance and ESI mass spectrometry, we identified the isolated compound as catechol. In this study, we report that aronia‐fermented catechol has a novel inhibitory effect on human breast CSCs. Catechol inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and mammosphere formation in a dose‐dependent manner. This compound reduced the CD44high/CD24low subpopulation, ALDH‐expressing cell population and the self‐renewal‐related genes nanog, sox2, and oct4. Catechol preferentially reduced mRNA transcripts and protein levels of Stat3 and did not induce c‐Myc degradation. These findings support the novel utilization of catechol for breast cancer therapy via the Stat3/IL‐6 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that catechol can be used for breast cancer therapy and that Stat3 expression is a marker of CSCs. Catechol inhibited Stat3 signaling by reducing Stat3 expression and secreted IL‐6, a CSC survival factor. These findings support the novel utilization of catechol for breast cancer therapy via Stat3/IL‐6 signaling.
Validation of Spawn Checks and Saltwater Age Assignments Based on Scales from Known Repeat-Spawning Steelhead
Authors: Copeland Timothy , Hernandez Kala , Davison Micah T. , Wright Kristin
Published: July 2018

It is critical to resolve the effects of regeneration, false annuli, and resorption on interpretation of scale patterns. We used scales collected from known repeat-spawning steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Snake River to (1) determine the accuracy of spawn check identification and (2) investigate errors in assignment of saltwater ages before and after spawn checks. Scale readers (n = 4) accurately identified over 96% of known repeat spawners (n = 107) and did not identify spawn checks in known first-time spawners (n = 197). Scale resorption associated with the spawn check caused an obscured or lost saltwater annulus in 66% of samples, most frequently in fish that spent 2 years versus 1 year in saltwater. Presence or absence of an annulus after the spawn check was accurately assigned in 86% of samples (n = 100). The potential for scale resorption to affect interpretation of the life history of iteroparous anadromous salmonids is significant. We supply two examples of how circulus counts can provide guidance to scale readers, but this analysis should be customized to the growth characteristics of each stock of interest.
Short-Term Physiological Disruption and Reflex Impairment in Shortnose Sturgeon Exposed to Catch-and-Release Angling
Authors: Struthers Daniel P. , Bower Shannon D. , Lennox Robert J. , Gilroy Christine E. , MacDonald Elizabeth C. , Cooke Steven J. , Litvak Matthew K.
Published: July 2018

Sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are the most imperilled group of fishes globally. Yet, many species remain important targets of recreational anglers. In the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Shortnose Sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum is a popular species targeted by recreational anglers. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature has placed Shortnose Sturgeon on the Red List as “Vulnerable,” and therefore this species is afforded protection from harvest in Canada by the federal Species at Risk Act. Here, we evaluated physiological stress using two principal components axes, RC1 and RC2, generated from blood lactate, glucose, and pH, hematocrit, and reflex impairment of sturgeon exposed to exhaustive chase experiments at a hatchery and angled sturgeon that were captured during an annual fall competitive angling event. Physiological indicators of stress increased with holding time for Shortnose Sturgeon transferred into a tank and for sturgeon exposed to chase trials. Circulating metabolite concentrations were not associated with reflex impairment. The odds of reflex impairment increased as a function of air exposure, with a 1-min increase in air exposure increasing the odds of impairment by 1.78. All sturgeon survived hatchery experiments. Most of the wild Shortnose Sturgeon captured in the fishing derby (71%) exhibited reflex impairment, and 38% had superficial injuries such as cuts or wounds. None of these factors were associated with physiological disturbance, although ordinated stress physiology axes were elevated both 1 and 2 h after initial sampling, which was predictive by the holding time prior to weigh-in and measuring fish size. All fish were hooked in the mouth and each was released alive from the derby. Taken together the evidence suggests that Shortnose Sturgeon are resilient to recreational angling interactions, yet managers could use this information to improve best practices of catch-and-release angling.
Monitoring of moisture and salinity content in an operational road structure by electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Rasul H. , Zou L. , Olofsson B.
Published: July 2018

Moisture dynamics in road systems significantly affect road structure design and maintenance. This study analysed moisture dynamics in a cross‐section of motorway (the E18) in Sweden during a 1‐year period throughin situmonitoring using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The monitoring methodology was assessed since resistivity can provide a good proxy for monitoring moisture in the road structure. Monthly electrical resistivity was calculated by inverting resistivity data along a pre‐installed electrical resistivity line beneath the surface asphalt layer of the road at the test site. The electrical resistivity data were then statistically analysed and correlated with local climate data, that is precipitation and temperature, and with ground parameters such as moisture content. The results showed high variation in resistivity in the road surface layer and road shoulders depending on weather conditions, water flow and other surface activities. In general, negative correlations between electrical resistivity and precipitation were observed. The results also indicated possible retardation of de‐icing salt after accumulating in the top layer during winter. These findings advance understanding of the moisture dynamics in roads and can help improve pavement design in response to future climate change.
Soy‐Derived Phytochemical Genistein Modifies Chromatome Topology to Restrict Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Dutta Bamaprasad , Park Jung Eun , Qing Ivan Toh Yi , Kon Oi Lian , Sze Siu Kwan
Published: July 2018

Epidemiological data indicate that human cancer risk is significantly reduced by the consumption of soy‐based foods containing the “phytoestrogen” genistein, which can signal via host cell estrogen receptors. While additional chemoprotective effects of genistein induced by epigenetic factors have also been reported, the key molecules and mechanisms involved are poorly defined. We therefore investigated genistein effects on chromatin‐bound proteins in the estrogen receptor‐deficient cell line MDA‐MB‐231 which is insensitive to phytoestrogen signaling. After exposure to low‐dose genistein for >1 month, MDA‐MB‐231 cells exhibited stable epigenetic alterations that are analyzed via partial MNase digestion and TMT‐based quantitative proteomics. 3177 chromatin‐bound proteins are identified with high confidence, including 882 molecules that displayed altered binding topology after cell conditioning with genistein. Prolonged phytochemical exposure conferred heritable changes in the binding topology of key epigenetic regulators including ATRX, SUV39H1/H2, and HP1BP3 that are preserved in untreated progeny, resulting in sustained downregulation of proliferation genes and reduced cell growth. These data indicate that soy derivative genistein exerts complex estrogen receptor‐independent effects on the epigenome likely to influence tumorigenesis by restricting cell growth.
Influence of Size on Melting Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles: Mechanism, Factors, Range, and Degree
Authors: Duan Huijuan , Xue Yongqiang , Cui Zixiang , Fu Qingshan , Chen Xinghui , Zhang Rong
Published: July 2018

Particle size plays a crucial role in melting process of nanoparticles, but the mechanism, factors, range, and degree of the size effect are still unclear. Here, the precise equations of the integral melting enthalpy and entropy with radius of nanoparticles are deduced, without any adjustable parameters, and the influencing mechanism and the factors are discussed. Experimentally, the melting of spherical nano‐Au with different radii (0.9–37.4 nm) is taken as a system to research the melting behavior of nanoparticles. Combining the results of theory and experiments, the influencing regularities, range, and degree are discussed. The results indicate that there are significant effects of particle size on the temperature, integral enthalpy, and integral entropy of melting, which decrease with the radius decreasing. These effects can be attributed to specific surface area, surface tension, and its temperature coefficient. When the radius exceeds 10 nm, specific surface area is the decisive factor, there exists the linear relationships of temperature, integral enthalpy, and integral entropy of melting with the reciprocal of radius. However, when the radius is less than 10 nm, the effects of surface tension and its temperature coefficient gradually hold the main position, the linear relations do not exist.
Immediate effects of leg‐press exercises with tibial internal rotation on individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hanada Kenji , Hara Michiya , Hirakawa Yoshiyuki , Hoshi Kenji , Ito Kazuya , Gamada Kazuyoshi
Published: July 2018

Objective

Although patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) demonstrate abnormal kinematics involving greater tibial external rotation during squatting, there have not been any previous studies investigating an exercise focused on correcting knee rotational kinematics. This study aimed to determine the immediate effects of exercise with tibial internal rotation (IR) on symptoms and functions in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

This study provides Level II evidence using a small randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients were allocated to either the tibial IR or neutral rotation (NR) group in this randomized controlled trial. The IR group performed a leg press activity with the tibia in maximal IR, whereas the NR group performed leg press activity with the tibia in NR. Outcome measures were (a) 10‐m walk test; (b) Timed Up and Go test, (c) knee flexion angle while squatting, (d) knee pain during walking and squatting, and (e) difficulty during walking and squatting.

Results

Significant interaction was observed in all outcomes. The IR group exhibited significant improvement on all outcome measures, whereas the NR group exhibited significant improvements only in the 10‐m walk.

Conclusion

The IR group exhibited greater improvements than the NR group on all outcome measures. After a single session, leg press activity with the tibia in maximal IR improved the symptoms and functions measured in this study more effectively than leg press activity with the tibia in a neutral position. This suggests that correcting rotational malalignment is more important than strengthening the quadriceps for maintaining or even improving function of OA knees.

(Clinical trials registration number: UMIN000021751)