bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter Study of the Correlations of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Parameters in Chinese Myopic Patients
Authors: Hu Yijun , Wang Yanfang , Zhu Shanqing , Xiong Lu , Fang Xuejun , Zhou Jin , Zhang Qingsong , Lei Xiaohua , Li Yanbin , Huang Wenhua , Wang Zheng
Published: November 2020

In this observational cross-sectional study consisting of 8365 Chinese myopic patients from five different ophthalmic centers, we investigated the correlations between anterior and posterior corneal parameters. Strongly negative anterior-posterior correlations of the mean corneal curvature were observed, with similar correlation coefficients in all myopic groups (R: -0.85 to -0.88). The anterior-posterior correlations of corneal astigmatism (R: 0.65 to 0.75), eccentricity (R: 0.27 to 0.38) and asphericity (R: 0.29 to 0.41) were all positive, with slightly different correlation coefficients between the myopic groups. The anterior-posterior correlations of mean corneal curvature were strongly negative with similar correlation coefficients in all quantile groups of six corneal and anterior chamber parameters (R: -0.84 to -0.91), except Sim Km (R: -0.36 to -0.64). The anterior-posterior correlations of corneal astigmatism were all positive with slightly different correlation coefficients between the quantile groups of SimKm (R: 0.66 to 0.74). The anterior-posterior correlations of corneal eccentricity (R: 0.30 to 0.44) and asphericity (R: 0.33 to 0.45) were positive and slightly different between the quantile groups of SimKm, pachy apex and corneal volume. In conclusion, anterior-posterior correlations of corneal curvature, astigmatism, eccentricity and asphericity can be affected by the severity of myopia and some other corneal parameters.
Macrophages in Tumor-Associated Adipose Microenvironment Accelerate Tumor progression
Authors: Li Bei , Wu Qi , Yang Qian , Li Zhiyu , Li Juanjuan , Wu Juan , Zhu Shan , Wang Lijun , Liao Shichong , Sun Si , Xu Zhiliang , Sun Shengrong
Published: November 2020

Background: Macrophages particularly contribute to the progression of obesity-related tumor. However, the mechanisms that the tumor-adipocyte crosstalk may enable the properties and plasticity of macrophages remain still unclear. Methods: Survival probabilities for recurrence-free survival (RFS) were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method based on immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence images. 3T3-L1 cells were co-cultivated with 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Then the co-cultivated media were used to treat THP-1/RAW264.7 cells. The markers of macrophages were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Transwell migration assay, was conducted to determine the migration capability of macrophages. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression and secretion level of chemokines, respectively. Immunofluorescence imaging and Western blot were used to investigate the role of SOCS6/STAT3 signaling pathway in the polarization of macrophages. microRNA mimic and inhibitor, and xenograft models were used to explore the role of miR-155 in the polarization of macrophages.Results: We demonstrate that CD163-positive macrophages aggregated to surround adipocytes in breast cancer tissues, which was associated with tumor relapse. In tumor-adipocyte microenvironment, CD163-positive macrophages are recruited and polarized via the elevated expression of CCL2 and CCL5. Consistently, the eliminated macrophages partially inhibited adipocytes-induced tumor proliferation. Likewise, inhibiting chemokines and their receptors or suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT3 significantly decreased tumor burden in vivo. Finally, the source of CCL2 and CCL5 mainly derived from adipocytes. In coculture of tumor cells and adipocytes, the level of exosomal miRNA-155 was high, then it promoted the generation and release of CCL2 and CCL5 from adipocytes through targeting SOCS6/STAT3 pathway. Inhibition of exosomal miRNA-155 in tumor cells reduced the CCL2 and CCL5 levels in tumor-adipocytes coculture, and further retarded tumor growth. Conclusion: These results suggest a novel target of tumor-adipocyte-macrophage interconnect that could facilitate obesity-induced tumor progression.
Frequency-Dependent Force Direction Elucidates Neural Control of Balance
Authors: Shiozawa Kaymie , Lee Jongwoo , Russo Marta , Sternad Dagmar , Hogan Neville
Published: November 2020

Background: Maintaining upright posture is an unstable task that requires control of translational and rotational motions. Humans use foot-ground interaction force, characterized by point of application, magnitude, and direction to manage body accelerations. Previous work identified a point of intersection of the foot-ground interaction force vectors that exhibited consistent frequency-dependent behavior. Methods: To test whether this frequency-dependent behavior provided a distinctive signature of neural control or was a necessary consequence of biomechanics, this study simulated quiet standing and compared the results with human subject data. If a standing human was modeled as a single inverted pendulum, no controller could reproduce the experimentally observed frequency-dependence of the intersection point height. The simplest competent model that approximated a standing human was a double inverted pendulum with torque-actuated ankle and hip joints. It was stabilized by a linear feedback controller based on position and velocity errors of each joint. Results: When the relative cost between state deviation and control effort was varied, the frequency at which the intersection point crossed the center of mass position shifted. A similar effect was obtained by varying the relative cost between the ankle and hip control effort. The relative strength of ankle and hip actuation noise added to the simulated system affected the intersection point height at high frequencies. Conclusions: As a range of controller parameter sets could stabilize this model and produce the observed change in the vertical position of the intersection point with increasing frequency, the decrease in intersection point height appears to reflect a biomechanical constraint and not a consequence of control. Among the several controller parameter sets considered, that which best reproduced the human experimental results used minimal control effort and more ankle torque than hip torque. This suggests that the neural strategy employed by human subjects to maintain quiet standing balance engages at least two degrees of freedom and is best described by minimal control eort and emphasizing ankle torque.
Intratracheal Keratinocyte Growth Factor Enhances Surfactant Protein B Expression in Mechanically Ventilated Preterm Pigs
Authors: Krishnan Ramesh , Arrindell Esmond , Caminita Frank , Zhang Jie , Buddington Randal
Published: November 2020

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a devastating disease of the premature newborn with high morbidity and mortality. Surfactant deficient preterm lungs are susceptible to ventilator induced lung injury, thereby developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Despite surfactant therapy and newer ventilation strategies, associated morbidity and mortality remains unchanged. Enhancing surfactant production and reducing ventilator induced lung injury in premature infants are critical. Recombinant keratinocyte growth factor previously been studied to treat adult respiratory distress syndrome. We hypothesized that administering recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor when initiating mechanical ventilation would help stimulate type II cell proliferation and surfactant production. Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor may also help mitigate ventilator induced lung injury hereby reducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a possible precursor to later development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Methods: To test our hypothesis, we delivered preterm pigs via cesarean section on day 102. We performed intubation and ventilation for 24 hr. using intermittent positive pressure ventilation. After ventilation began, pigs randomly received intratracheal recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (20 μg/kg; n=6) or sham treatment (0.5 ml 0.9% saline; n= 6). We recorded physiology data and arterial blood gases during ventilation. After 24 hr. pigs were extubated and received oxygen via nasal cannulation 12 hr. before euthanasia to collect lungs for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry staining was graded and analyzed for surfactant protein B and epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers. Data were analyzed using t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables analyzed using ANOVA.Results: Compared with control pigs, recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor pretreated pigs had improved ventilation with higher tidal volumes and required less oxygen (FiO2) during mechanical ventilation for similar peak pressures demonstrating improved lung compliance. Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor pretreated pig lungs showed increased surfactant protein B expression (p< 0.05) and significantly reduced TGF-β (p< 0.05), a prominent marker for epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Conclusions: Intratracheal recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor administered at initiation of mechanical ventilation enhances surfactant production, reduce lung injury by mitigation of the changes by epithelial mesenchymal transition, thereby improving outcomes. Thus, recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
The combination of computed tomography measurements and flexible video bronchoscope guidance for accurate placement of the right-sided double-lumen tube: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hou Yongheng , Liu Huayue , Shi Wencheng , Zhao Hengjing , Peng Ke , Cheng Hao , Ji Fuhai , Yang Jianping
Published: November 2020

Background: Accurate placement of the right-sided double-lumen tube (RDLT) is still challenging. This study aims to explore the feasibility and accuracy of a modified intubation strategy by using a combination of computed tomography measurements and flexible video bronchoscope guidance.Methods: 108 adults requiring an RDLT for lung isolation were randomly allocated to 2 groups. Conventional fiberoptic bronchoscopy-guided technique was used in the control group. The following specifications applied to the modification group. Firstly, the length of the right main bronchus (RMB-L) and the anteroposterior diameter of RMB were measured in preoperative spiral computed tomography to predict the side and size of the tube; Then, a depth marker was made on RUSCH tube according to the difference between the RMB-L and the length of bronchia cuff (12 mm); Under the guidance of flexible video bronchoscope, the depth marker should be paralleled with the tracheal carina, and a characteristic white line on the tube should be paralleled with the secondary carina.Results: Compared with the control group, our modified strategy significantly increased the optimal plus acceptable position rate (76% vs. 98%, respectively; P < 0.039), decreased tube replacement rate (80% vs. 94%; P = 0.042), shortened the intubation time (101.4 ± 7.3 vs. 75.2 ± 8.1 seconds; P = 0.019), and had a lower incidence of transient hypoxemia (25% vs. 6%; P = 0.022), subglottic resistance (20% vs. 6%; P = 0.037), tracheobronchial injury (35% vs. 13; P = 0.037), and postoperative right upper lobe collapse (15% vs. 2%; P = 0.059).Conclusion: These data suggest the superiority of our modified technique compared to the conventional method for RDLT positioning.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900021676, registered on 5 March 2019. URL of trial registry: http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=33189
Impact of a clinical pharmacist in ultrasound-guided venous thromboembolism screening in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a pilot prospective study.
Authors: Gillespie Laura , Khan Rashid Z. , Stillson John E. , Bunch Connor M. , Shariff Faisal Salim , Speybroeck Jacob , Grisoli Anne , Schmidt Meredith Wireman , Phyu Htay , Jablonski Jason , Wells Byars , Fulkerson Dan H. , Oancea Lyndsay , Leiser Abraham , Walsh Mark
Published: November 2020

Background: The recognition, prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a major challenge in the face of the recent SARS-COV-2 pandemic which has been associated with significant cardiovascular, renal, respiratory and hematologic complications related to hypercoagulability. There has been little literature thus far on the utility of screening ultrasound and role of the clinical pharmacist in treating these patients.Methods: We present a prospective pilot program of thirty-one consecutive SARS-CoV-2 patients who were provided four extremity screening ultrasounds for VTE on admission. This was coordinated by a clinical pharmacist as part of a multidisciplinary approach. Quantitative and qualitative data were recorded with the goal of describing the utility of the clinical pharmacist in ultrasound screening. Data collected include: demographics, information on clinical symptoms or signs at presentation, and laboratory and radiologic results during the hospitalization from each individual electronic medical record.Results: Nine of the thirty-one patients presented with venous thrombosis. Of the nine patients, there were twenty-two total clotted vessels, all of which were asymptomatic. The clinical pharmacist, as the coordinator for a multidisciplinary COVID-19 associated coagulopathy management team, drafted a screening and treatment protocol for anticoagulation prophylaxis and therapy of VTE after ultrasound findings.Conclusion: VTE screening of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 patients reveals a significant number of asymptomatic VTEs and justifies diagnostic, prophylactic, and treatment measures coordinated by a clinical pharmacist.
Decline in influenza cases in Mexico after the implementation of public health measures for COVID-19
Authors: Daniel Arellanos-Soto , Gerardo Padilla-Rivas , Javier Ramos-Jimenez , Kame Galan-Huerta , Sonia Lozano-Sepulveda , Natalia Martinez-Acuña , Consuelo Treviño-Garza , Manuel De la O-Cavazos , Roberto Montes de Oca-Luna , Maria Rivas-Estilla Ana
Published: November 2020

Mexico took swift action and has strictly followed mitigation measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease, COVID-19. The present study compared indicators of influenza activity in 2020 before and after public health measures were taken to reduce COVID-19 with the corresponding indicators from three preceding years and the immediate one, and the potential decrease in seasonal influenza cases. Nationwide surveillance data revealed a drastic decline in influenza diagnosis in outpatient clinics and public hospitals, positivity rates of clinical specimens, and confirmed severe cases during the following 10 weeks of 2020 as lockdown activities and control measures were established compared with the same period of 2019, suggesting that the measures taken for COVID-19 were effective in reducing the spread of other viral respiratory diseases in our country.
Clinical observation and analysis of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy combined with low 25(OH)D3 levels
Authors: Zou Fan , Huang Yu , Feng Lu-Huai , Yang Zhenhua
Published: November 2020

Background: To investigate correlations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25(OH)D 3 ] levels and selected clinical indicators and renal pathology at initial onset of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and to analyse changes in the main quantifiable indicators in IMN patients with different 25(OH)D 3 levels. Methods: A total of 109 patients admitted to the Department of Nephrology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between August 2015 and April 2019 and diagnosed with IMN were reviewed. Comparative analysis of the effects of different 25(OH)D 3 levels on clinical and pathological indicators of IMN was performed, and changes in serum albumin, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine and other clinical indicators in these patients during the follow-up were analysed. Results: The 109 patients with IMN had 25(OH)D 3 deficiency [25(OH)D 3 <70 nmol/L]. The incidence of nephrotic syndrome, serum phosphorus levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) were higher in the 25(OH)D 3 <25 nmol/L group than in the 25(OH)D 3 ≥25 nmol/L group. In contrast, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), serum calcium, and IgG levels were lower in the 25(OH)D 3 <25 nmol/L group (P<0.05). No pathological parameters differed significantly between the two groups (P>0.05). Bivariate correlation analysis showed that 25(OH)D 3 was positively correlated with nephrotic syndrome, TP levels, ALB levels, the eGFR, serum calcium levels and IgG levels (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with age, blood pressure, Scr levels, 24-hour urinary protein (UP) quantitation, serum phosphorus levels, hs-CRP levels and the ESR (P<0.05). In single-factor repeated measures analysis of variance, the ALB levels in the 25(OH)D 3 <25 nmol/L and 25(OH)D 3 ≥25 nmol/L groups showed an increasing trend but were lower in the 25(OH)D 3 <25 nmol/L group than in the 25(OH)D 3 ≥25 nmol/L group at each follow-up time point (P<0.001). Conclusion: Reduced 25(OH)D 3 levels are prevalent among IMN patients. During the follow-up, serum albumin increased significantly in patients receiving vitamin D supplementation. 25(OH)D 3 may play an important role in IMN development.
Ecological footprint and sustainability aspects of commercially harvested non-timber forest products (medicinal and aromatic plants) in Hindu Kush Himalayan region of Swat Pakistan
Authors: Bilal Hazrat , Sher Hassan , Li Xiaowen , Quraishi Rabia
Published: November 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Sociopragmatics Analysis of Politeness Strategy of the Main Character's Dialogues of Tinker Bell in Secret of the Wings Movie
Authors: Mujiono Mujiono , Ula Avil Lailatul
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the types and functions of politeness strategy used by the main character of Tinker Bell in Secret of the Wings movie. The study was a descriptive qualitative approach. The instrument of this study was document analysis. It focused on analyzing and interpreting recorded documents.  To analyze the data, four interactional procedures were applied. Triangulation was used to justify the trustworthiness of data. The findings showed that the interaction between the main character and her addressee realized all politeness strategies. There were 39 data found in the conversation. Each politeness strategy's frequency was positive politeness in the first grade, with 51.3%, followed by a bald-on record with 33.3%. Negative politeness and 'off record' were the same positions with 7.7 %, %. Second, the researchers reported two politeness strategy functions indicated by the transactional view with 74.4 % and interactional view with 25.6%. Last, the main character applied the politeness strategy to have a close relationship, know each other, and avoid the addressee's imposition. This politeness strategy had implications on using politeness strategies of a language in communication aspects for the community.
Formic Acid as an Inexpensive and Convenient Reagent
Authors: Cai Xiao-Hua , Cai Su-qian , Xie Bing
Published: November 2020

Formic acid (HCOOH) as an inexpensive and versatile reagent has gained broad
attention in the field of green synthesis and chemical industry. Formic acid acts not only as a
convenient and less toxic CO surrogate, but also as an excellent formylative reagent, C1
source and hydrogen donor in organic reactions. Over the past decades, many exciting contributions
have been made which have helped chemists to understand the mechanisms of these
reactions. The review will examine recent advances in the utilization of formic acid as an
economical, practical and multipurpose reactant in synthetic transformations.
Characterization of Phosphorylated Proteins Using Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yu Li-Rong , Veenstra Timothy D.
Published: November 2020

:

Phosphorylation is arguably the most important post-translational modification that occurs
within proteins. Phosphorylation is used as a signal to control numerous physiological activities
ranging from gene expression to metabolism. Identifying phosphorylation sites within proteins
was historically a challenge as it required either radioisotope labeling or the use of phospho-specific
antibodies. The advent of mass spectrometry (MS) has had a major impact on the ability to qualitatively
and quantitatively characterize phosphorylated proteins. In this article, we describe MS
methods for characterizing phosphorylation sites within individual proteins as well as entire proteome
samples. The utility of these methods is illustrated in examples that show the information
that can be gained using these MS techniques.
The Role of Targeted HIV Screening in the Emergency Department: A Scoping Review
Authors: Spagnolello Ornella , Gallagher Bernadette , Lone Nazir , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , D’Ettorre Gabriella , Reed Matthew J.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to expand
worldwide, and a significant proportion of infection is still undiagnosed. Recent studies have addressed
the impact and feasibility of ‘opt-out’ HIV screening in Emergency Departments (EDs) in
urban settings at high HIV prevalence, whereas little is known about the yield of implementing ‘targeted’
HIV testing, especially in low-prevalence areas.

Objective:

The present study undertakes a scoping review of research carried out on the implementation
of targeted HIV screening of adult in EDs to determine the impact, feasibility and acceptability
of HIV testing in different HIV prevalence settings.

Design:

Online databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE) were used to identify papers published between
2000 to 2020. A three-concept search was employed with HIV (HIV, Human immunodeficiency
virus infection, HIV infections), targeted testing (Target, screening or testing) and emergency
medicine (Emergency Service, emergency ward, A&E, accident and emergency or Emergency Department)
(28th February 2020). Only full-text articles written in English, French, Spanish or Italian
and using impact and/or feasibility and/or acceptability of the program as primary or secondary outcomes
were analysed.

Results:

The search provided 416 articles. Of these, 12 met inclusion criteria and were included in
the final review. Most of the included studies were carried out in the United States (n=8; 67%) and
in areas of high HIV prevalence (n=11; 92%). Three (20%) were randomized control studies.
While the rate of newly diagnosed HIV cases varied widely (0.03-2.2%), likely due to methodological
heterogeneity between studies, the linkage of new HIV diagnosis was often high (80-100%)
and median CD4+ cell count was always greater than 200 cells per microliter. Targeted HIV screening
was found to be cost-effective (out of 2 studies) and well accepted by participants (out 2
studies).

Conclusions:

Targeted HIV screening at the ED can be impactful, feasible and well accepted, but
often requires extra funding and staff. Most previous work has focused on areas of high disease prevalence.
Respiratory Therapeutic Strategies in Children and Adolescents with COVID-19: A Critical Review
Authors: Rodovanski Giovana Pascoali , da Costa Aguiar Susana , Marchi Bruna Samantha , do Nascimento Oliveira Patricia , Arcêncio Livia , Vieira Danielle Soares Rocha , Moran Cristiane Aparecida
Published: November 2020

Evidence on the treatment strategies for the child population with critical conditions due
to COVID-19 is scarce and lacks consensus. Thus, this study aimed to critically review non-pharmacological
respiratory strategies for this population. Original studies were searched in six databases
considering predefined inclusion criteria. Other studies and recommendations were also included
after a manual search. Oxygen therapy, invasive (IMV) and non-invasive (NIV) ventilation
were the most frequently addressed interventions. In general, the original studies have cited these
strategies, but detailed information on the parameters used was not provided. The recommendations
provided more detailed data, mainly based on experiences with other acute respiratory syndromes
in childhood. In the context of oxygen therapy, the nasal catheter was the most recommended
strategy for hypoxemia, followed by the high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). However, the risks of
contamination due to the dispersion of aerosols in the case of the HFNC were pointed out. Lung
protective IMV with the use of bacteriological or viral filters was recommended in most documents,
and there was great variation in PEEP titration. Alveolar recruitment maneuvers were mentioned
in a few recommendations. NIV was not consensual among studies, and when selected, several
precautions must be taken to avoid contamination. Airway suctioning with a closed-circuit was
recommended to reduce aerosol spread. Information on prone positioning and physiotherapy was
even more scarce. In conclusion, oxygen therapy seems to be essential in the treatment of hypoxemia.
If necessary, IMV should not be delayed, and protective strategies are encouraged for adequate
pulmonary ventilation. Information about techniques that are adjuvant to ventilatory support is
superficial and requires further investigation.
Role of Quercetin in the Mitigation of Lindane Induced Toxicity in Terms of Oxidative Responses and Metabolic Status in Mice Brain
Authors: Sharma Anupama , Bist Renu , Pareek Hemant
Published: November 2020

Background:

The current study evaluated the protective potential of quercetin against
lindane induced toxicity in mice brain. For investigation, mice were allocated into four groups; the
first group was the control; the second group was administered with an oral dose of lindane (25
mg/kg bw) for 4 consecutive days; the third group was exposed to quercetin (40 mg/kg bw) and to
the fourth group, quercetin was administered 1 hour prior to the exposure of lindane.

Objective:

Two major objectives of the study were set . The first objective was to create lesions in
the brain by lindane and; the second was to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of quercetin.

Methods:

To study oxidative responses, the levels of thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS),
Protein Carbonyl Content (PCC), Reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase
(SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) were measured in brain homogenates.
Three key steps regulating enzymes of the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle viz citrate synthase (CS),
pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and fumarase were also assayed.

Results:

Lindane treatment significantly enhanced the levels of TBARS (P<0.001),PCC (P<0.001),
GPx (P<0.001), SOD (P<0.05), PDH (P<0.05) and fumarase (P<0.001) in brains of mice compared
to control. Meanwhile, it alleviated GSH, CAT and CS (P<0.05) activity.

Conclusion:

Pretreatment with quercetin in lindane treated group not only restored previously altered
biochemical parameters after lindane treatment and also significantly improved them, which
suggests that quercetin is not only safe rather is neuroprotective against lindane intoxication.
Identification of Therapeutic Drug Target of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Through Subtractive Genomic Approach and in-silico Screening Based on 2D Similarity Filtration and Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Chandela Rahul , Jade Dhananjay , Mohan Surender , Sharma Ridhi , Sugumar Shobana
Published: November 2020

Background:

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multi-drug resistant, gram-negative
bacterium that causes opportunistic infections and is associated with high morbidity and mortality
in severely immunocompromised individuals.

Aim:

The study aimed to find out the drug target and a novel inhibitor for Stenotrophomonas
maltophilia.

Objectives:

The current study focused on identifying specific drug targets by subtractive genomes
analysis to determine the novel inhibitor for the specified target protein by virtual screening,
molecular docking, and molecular simulation approach.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we performed a subtractive genomics approach to identify
the novel drug target for S.maltophilia. After obtaining the specific target, the next step was to
identify inhibitors that include calculating 2D similarity search, molecular docking, and molecular
simulation for drug development for S.maltophilia.

Results:

With an efficient subtractive genomic approach, five unique targets as the impressive therapeutics founded out of
4386 protein genes. In which UDP-D-acetylmuramic (murF) was the most remarkable target. Further virtual screening,
docking, and dynamics resulted in the identification of seven novel inhibitors.

Conclusion:

Further, in vitro and in vivo bioassay of the identified novel inhibitors could facilitate effective drug use against
S.maltophilia.
Oral Disintegrating Tablets – An Updated Patent Perspective
Authors: Sharma Shailesh , Singh Kuljit
Published: November 2020

Current Development in drug delivery system has been employed with an endeavour to enhance
the bioavailability of the drug, mask its taste, induce the rapid onset of action and improve patient
compliance. An alternative approach to the conventional dosage form is being employed to triumph
over all these issues named as Orodispersible system. Over the past three decades, this novel
dosage form has gained considerable attention as compared to other conventional solid dosage forms
such as tablets and capsules. ODTs dissolve or disintegrate within a few seconds or a minute when put
on the tongue, without the need for water. ODT has an advantageous effect on paediatrics and geriatrics
patients with dysphagia. Over the last decade, widespread advances in the formulation of ODTs
have been executed in academia and industry that resulted in the emergence of a large number of patents.
Products developed from ODT mechanics launched in the market in the 1980s have grown bit
by bit in demand and their products are rapidly escalating. Expanding in the technology forum based
on industrialization, these systems include the use of lyophilization, cotton candy, sublimation, melt
extrusion and direct compression in addition to the conventional wet granulation processes and patent
techniques. The present study focused on non-patent and patent citations concerning ODT along with
active ingredients, techniques used and results of the innovations.
Analytical Solution and Consolidation Analysis of One-dimensional Large
Strain Consolidation Differential Equation
Authors: Su Huifeng , Liu Shijia , Yu Tao , Zhao Shuo , Cui Zhicheng
Published: November 2020

According to the universal one-dimensional consolidation equation introduced by Gibson, the governing equation with the excess pore water pressure as the control variable is derived, and the Fourier series solution under the boundary condition of single-sided drainage is deduced in detail by the standard mathematical physical method. It verifies the correspondence between the analytical solution and the numerical solution from a theoretical point of view. Using this analytical solution, the nonlinear distribution of the excess pore pressure along the depth direction is obtained, and the traditional small strain consolidation is compared in terms of the average consolidation degree and the final settlement.

Soft soil foundation, large deformation foundation

Derive a consolidation equation for soft soils with large deformations using the super-static pore pressure as the control variable

Formula derivation, Example analysis

Based on Gibson's general equation of consolidation and its theory, the detailed derivation process of differential equations with excess pore water pressure as the control variable is given.

According to the example, the image shows the distribution of excess pore pressure with depth, and comparative analysis of large and small strains, If all other conditions are the same, When mv1=1 MPa-1, it can be calculated according to the large and small strains, but when mv1≥3MPa-1, the two errors are large, The calculation must be considered separately.
A Review on the Nutritional Aspects of Wild Edible Plants
Authors: Kaur Simran , Roy Arpita
Published: November 2020

The world is facing many issues regarding malnutrition, lack of food security, unavailability
of food resources, and famines due to poor crop harvest, scarcity, and high cost of healthy
food. To overcome these situations, there is a need for an alternative that can effectively fulfill the
requirement of the world population. Wild edible plants (WEPs) are one of them, these plant species
are neither managed nor cultivated commercially, but utilized in many cultural, traditional, and
heritage practices all over the world. They are the sources of various essential nutrients like carbohydrates,
proteins, fats, minerals, etc., which can serve as an important source of nutrition in many
parts of the world especially, developing and under-developed countries. They have high nutritional
and medicinal properties, therefore utilized to cure a range of diseases like fever, injury, diarrhea,
boils, stomach ache, bleeding gums, toothaches, etc. WEPs are currently underutilized and
consumed traditionally by different communities. These foods lack recognition as a significant contributor
to the human diet in developed areas, which suggest more scientific exploration to make
their use common among people all over the world. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to
document, compare, and contrast the nutritional and medicinal properties of selected fifty WEPs.
This review emphasizes diversity, ethnobotanical value, conservation, cultural as well as traditional
knowledge of wild edible plants (WEPs). Commercial exploitation and scientific scrutiny of WEPs
to develop dietary supplements, new food alterations, product development, pharmaceutical use,
and biofortification have also been discussed.
Is There Any Role of IL-6 Inhibition in COVID-19?
Authors: Cannon Rebecca , Das Satyajit
Published: November 2020

:

An emergent coronavirus, now named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic on the 22nd March 2020. It has since caused unprecedented pressures on the healthcare systems worldwide, leading to over five million cases and over three hundred thousand deaths. This has resulted in a global struggle to fight this disease, without any known cure or any definite treatment and with no vaccine. This challenge is exemplified by many with COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) rapidly deteriorating to critical illness, developing respiratory failure, multi-organ dysfunction or failure, and septic shock. This rapid deterioration is thought to be due to the activation of the cytokine storm. The cytokine storm is characterised by mass cytokine and chemokine release, leading to widespread multi-organ damage. One of these such cytokines that plays a role in the cytokine storm is Interleukin (IL-) 6. Raised levels of IL-6 in many diseases have been observed to both correlate with disease severity and predict poor outcomes. Early studies began to show high levels of IL-6 in those with severe and critical COVID-19, and there is ongoing research into immune modulators to block IL-6, in the hope of halting disease progression and improving the chance of recovery. This article will explore the role that IL-6 plays in COVID-19 and whether an IL-6 blockade can prevent poor outcomes and reduce mortality.
Relation Between the Characteristics of the Mother, The Gestation and The Prenatal Attachment
Authors: GÜL KAPISIZ Satı , ÇALIK VAR Esra , DUYAN Veli
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the most important periods in which psycho-physiological changes occur in a woman’s life. There are significant interactions between the age of mother, years of marriage, the number of pregnancies, the number of alive children, gestational week, the education level of the mother, the foetus gender, the status of planned pregnancy, and the thoughts of pregnancy termination. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between socio-demographic, family, pregnancy determinants, and prenatal attachment. Method: This study examines the mother-foetus relations on 295 expectant mothers in Turkey. The Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) was used as a data collecting instrument. The results are discussed on the matter of prenatal attachment, infant abandonment and other variables. Results: According to the results, age of mother, years of marriage, the number of pregnancies, and the number of alive children are correlated negatively with PAI points. Moreover gestational weeks are positively correlated with PAI points. Other results of the study display significant differences among the education level of the mother, the foetus gender, the status of planned pregnancy, and the thoughts of pregnancy termination. However, there are no significant differences between PAI points and employment status, income levels, social security status, type of family, type of marriage, miscarriage, curettage, and medical assisted pregnancy. Discussion: Low level of prenatal attachment may cause a high risk of abandonment/the termination of pregnancy. Therefore, the results of the study may be useful for professionals who want to develop proactive parental education programs to assist couples during and after pregnancy, taking into account the level of prenatal attachment.
Las funciones metabólicas, endocrinas y reguladoras de la expresión genética del lactato
Authors: Matus-Ortega Genaro , Romero-Aguilar Lucero , Luqueño-Bocardo Oscar Ivan , Hernández-Morfín Katia , Guerra-Sánchez Guadalupe , Matus-Ortega Maura , Martínez-Montes Federico , Pardo-Vázquez Juan Pablo
Published: November 2020

Lactate is considered to be a waste metabolite produced during muscle fatigue. In contrast with this simplistic point of view, in this review we provide evidence of the multiple and complex functions of this metabolite. We show that: 1) lactate is the final
product of the glycolysis regardless the oxygen concentration in the cell 2) lactate is part of two types of shuttle, one that functions in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion, and another intercellular, which is responsible for feeding lactate to
certain cell types, such as neurons or heart muscle, 3) in sperm,lactate is transported directly to the mitochondrial matrix and there it is oxidized to produce pyruvate and NADH, 4) in the liver, lactate participates in the oxidation of ethanol through the generation of hydrogen peroxide, 5) Depending on the cell line, lactate can function as anti-inflammatory agent (endocrine) and/or a regulator of gene expression.
Keywords: Lactic fermentation; hypoxia; muscle fatigue; gene regulator
Infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) y sus hallazgos por imagen
Authors: Muñoz-Jarillo Nishuly Yatzin , Arenal-Serna Juan , Muñoz-Jarillo Ricardo , Camacho-Zarco Eduardo
Published: November 2020

Due to the emergence of the pandemic caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus (coronavirus disease or COVID-19) the generalities since its emergence, pathophysiology and clinical picture, as well as the findings observed in imaging methods such as x-ray, tomography and ultrasound should be disseminated and known to all health personnel involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. This article is an overview of the clinical and radiological characteristics observed in the
infection, the limitations of the different imaging methods, as well as their correlation with the time of evolution of the
disease. Additionally, reference is made to the use of artificial intelligence in radiology for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; CT scan; ultrasound; x-ray
Síndrome de aplastamiento. Reporte de un caso y revisión de literatura
Authors: de los Santos Montoya Francisco Adolfo , Herrera Caballero Valeria Zazhil , Ceballos Sánchez José Alonso , Sánchez Camarena César Arturo , Sanabria Trujillo Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Compartment Syndrome is defined as the elevation of tissue pressure above 30 mmHg in a compartment and because comparing the compartment tissue pressure with the diastolic blood pressure below 30 mmHg has proved to be more reliable, this is now a predecessor of Crush Syndrome, which is defined as a post traumatic rhabdomyolysis with systemic distress mainly associated with acute renal failure. The use of amputation as a method to improve the patient’s clinical condition is still controversial, thereby we present the clinical case of a patient rescued from a collapsed building 24 hours after the earthquake that affected Mexico City on September 19, 2017, followed by an updated literature review.
Key words: Compartimental; crush syndrome; earthquake; amputation; trauma.
Gustav Klimt, grabado en oro
Authors: Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I.
Published: November 2020

Ever since humans have inhabited the Earth, pandemics have been by their side. A vivid example of this is our current situation. Not so long ago, we had a pandemic caused by the influenza virus from which we learned a few lessons. In 1918, the miscalled Spanish flu spread through many countries leaving nothing but death and desolation. Even Gustav Klimt with all his golden creations could not escape his destiny during that pandemic
FATORES QUE GERAM ESTRESSE AOS PROFISSIONAIS DA ENFERMAGEM NO SETOR DE URGÊNCIA E EMERGÊNCIA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Jantsch Paula Fernanda , Gotler Medeiros Cássia Regina , Lohmann Paula Michele
Published: November 2020

O presente estudo objetivou identificar, na produção científica existente, fatores relacionados ao estresse da equipe de enfermagem em unidade de urgência e emergência. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada na BVS-Bireme (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), pelas bases de dados MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e portal da SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), em maio de 2020, considerando artigos em português, publicados no período de 2014 a 2019, a partir da leitura dos artigos norteada pela seguinte questão: fatores relacionados ao estresse da equipe de enfermagem na unidade de urgência e emergência. A busca pelos artigos resultou, inicialmente, em 19 produções, e, a partir do estabelecimento dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, o corpus desta revisão constituiu-se em seis artigos. Os principais resultados evidenciaram que existem vários fatores que geram estresse nos profissionais da enfermagem no setor de urgência e emergência, entre eles se destacam a carga horária, o atendimento a crianças, o acúmulo de atividades, a falta de profissionais e a organização do setor. Conclui-se que o serviço de urgência e emergência é considerado um ambiente de trabalho iminentemente estressante por causa da sobrecarga física e/ou mental aos trabalhadores, com efeitos na vida profissional e particular do trabalhador.
CONSUMO DE ALIMENTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Bonalume Andressa Júlia , Alves Márcia Keller , Conde Simara Rufatto
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e o estado nutricional de estudantes de uma instituição de ensino superior privada de Caxias do Sul, RS. Materiais e Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal realizado com estudantes de cursos de graduação. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário eletrônico, através do qual coletou-se as variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, curso, semestre, e peso e altura referidos) bem como dados referentes ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e os resultados apresentados através de suas frequências relativa (%) e absoluta (n). Resultados: Dos 53 questionários válidos, 92,4% eram de participantes do sexo feminino. A idade dos participantes variou entre 18 a 51 anos. A maioria cursava nutrição (66,2%), entre o sexto e oitavo semestre (39,6%). Quanto ao estado nutricional, 58,5% estavam eutróficos. Embora a maioria dos estudantes (94,3%) soubesse o conceito de alimentos ultraprocessados, 32,1% referiram consumir produtos industrializados prontos para o consumo e salgados fritos e assados na cantina, 9,5% consome alimentos ultraprocessados duas a três vezes na semana e 54,7% referiram consumir alimentos ultraprocessados nos finais de semana. Ainda, 28,3% consome refeições da lanchonete no período de aula e 35% afirma que no convívio social consome ultraprocessados. Por fim, 98,1% dos estudantes consideravam sua alimentação melhor quando estavam em casa. Conclusão: A maioria dos universitários estavam eutróficos e possuíam conhecimento acerca da classificação de alimentos ultraprocessados. O consumo destes alimentos foi maior nos finais de semana e parece estar relacionado à praticidade.
TERAPIA NUTRICIONAL NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE PACIENTES COM QUEIMADURAS GRAVES
Authors: Mariuzza Sheila Elída , Machado Luana , Schwengber Vanessa Priscila , Gonçalves Juliana Da Silveira
Published: November 2020

Introdução: As queimaduras são lesões resultantes da ação de agentes térmicos, químicos e elétricos sobre as camadas da pele, provocando alterações físicas e metabólicas. Anualmente no Brasil, cerca de um milhão de pessoas sofrem lesões por queimadura, sendo que cerca de cem mil buscam atendimento hospitalar e destas, estima-se que cerca de duas mil e quinhentas vãos à óbito, decorrente das lesões, e/ou das complicações relacionadas. Nestes casos uma terapia nutricional adequada é fundamental para a recuperação destes pacientes. Objetivo: Verificar os benefícios da terapia nutricional na recuperação de pacientes com queimaduras graves. Metodologia: Revisão bibliográfica com artigos científicos pesquisados em bancos de dados, como: Scielo, Pubmed e LILACS. Foram incluídos artigos científicos recentes, priorizando os últimos dez anos, além de clássicos da literatura, sem restrição de data e idioma de publicação. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período entre maio e junho de 2020. Resultados: Nas queimaduras extensas, o organismo detém-se hemodinamicamente instável, e o sistema imune torna-se incapaz de delimitar a infecção, o que provoca uma resposta sistêmica hipermetabólica, gerando um grave aumento do catabolismo muscular, podendo levar à desnutrição, maior tempo de permanência hospitalar e a um maior risco de mortalidade. Neste sentido, a administração de dieta hipercalórica, hiperproteica, ômega 3, vitaminas A, C, E, de minerais como zinco e selênio, bem como de imunomoduladores como glutamina e arginina, demonstraram importante papel na melhora do estado nutricional e cicatrização. Conclusão: A nutrição enteral se mostra como via preferencial na administração da terapia nutricional, e esta, quando iniciada imediatamente, desempenha um papel fundamental na oferta de energia, recuperação e manutenção do estado nutricional, ofertando condições para melhoria do sistema imune, diminuindo o risco de infecção, bem como de sepse e complicações relacionadas, otimizando o processo de cicatrização e auxiliando na redução do tempo de internação hospitalar e na redução dos índices de mortalidade.