bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of riceGENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR14h(GF14h) on low-temperature seed germination and its application to breeding
Authors: Sugimura Yusaku , Oikawa Kaori , Sugihara Yu , Utsushi Hiroe , Kanzaki Eiko , Ito Kazue , Ogasawara Yumiko , Fujioka Tomoaki , Takagi Hiroki , Shimizu Motoki , Shimono Hiroyuki , Terauchi Ryohei , Abe Akira
Published: February 2024

Direct seeding is employed to circumvent the labor-intensive process of rice (Oryza sativa) transplantation, but this approach requires varieties with vigorous low-temperature germination (LTG) when sown in cold climates. To investigate the genetic basis of LTG, we identified the quantitative trait locus (QTL)qLTG11from rice variety Arroz da Terra, which shows rapid seed germination at lower temperatures, using QTL-seq. We delineated the candidate region to a 52-kb interval containingGENERAL REGULATORY FACTOR14h(GF14h) gene, which is expressed during seed germination. The Arroz da TerraGF14hallele encodes functional GF14h, whereas Japanese rice variety Hitomebore harbors a 4-bp deletion in the coding region. Knocking out functionalGF14hin a near-isogenic line (NIL) carrying the Arroz da Terra allele decreased LTG, whereas overexpressing functionalGF14hin Hitomebore increased LTG, indicating thatGF14his the causal gene behindqLTG11. Analysis of numerous Japanese rice accessions revealed that the functionalGF14hallele was lost from popular varieties during modern breeding. We generated a NIL in the Hitomebore background carrying a 172-kb genomic fragment from Arroz da Terra includingGF14h. The NIL showed superior LTG compared to Hitomebore, with otherwise comparable agronomic traits. The functionalGF14hallele from Arroz da Terra represents a valuable resource for direct seeding in cold regions.

Author Summary

Rice serves as a fundamental crop sustaining over half of the global population. With the rapid growth of the world’s population, it will become increasingly important to improve rice productivity. On the other hand, the aging of rice farmers in Japan has resulted in a constant labor shortage. To address this, direct seeding, in which seeds are sown directly in rice fields without going through the most labor-intensive part of the rice cultivation process, i.e., seedling production and transplanting, has been recommended. However, prevalent elite rice varieties are known to be unsuitable for direct seeding due to their poor seed germination ability under low-temperature conditions. In this study, we show for the first time thatGF14hgene from the Portuguese variety Arroz da Terra improves seed germination at low temperatures (LTG). In addition, a novel cross-bred line was generated by introducing theGF14h-containing genomic segment from Arroz da Terra into Hitomebore, a widely cultivated variety in northern Japan. This line is expected to be used as a pre-breeding material to enhance LTG. This study will provide a genetic basis for LTG and contribute to basic and applied research progress.
Repurposing approved protein kinase inhibitors as potent anti-leishmanials targeting Leishmania MAP kinases
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anindita , Bagchi Arka , Sarkar Solanki , Bawali Sriparna , Bhattacharya Arijit , BISWAS ARUNIMA
Published: February 2024

Leishmaniasis is a vast array of chronic diseases caused by the protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania transmitted by the sandfly belonging to the genus Phlebotomus (Old World) and Lutzomyia (New World). Among the various factors that contribute to the virulence and pathogenesis of the disease, protein kinases play crucial role in modulating the parasites biology in the host system. There are no specific drugs identified to treat the disease specifically. Moreover, resistance against approved anti-leishmanials has made it important to look for a few pre-clinical candidates against visceral leishmaniasis. MAP kinase is one such candidate of protein kinase family that regulates cell proliferation in eukaryotes. In this study, we have identified 23 MAPKs from Leishmania genome and have screened 12 FDA approved protein kinase inhibitors against those MAPKs in search of a potential lead for new drug exploration. Among the inhibitors, sorafenib and imatinib have been identified as potential drug candidates based on multiple criteria including binding affinity, ADME scores, absorption and their ability to cross blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, these drugs showed excellent anti-proliferative effects in Leishmania promastigotes, resulted in change of cell morphology, flagellar length, promoted cell cycle arrest through ROS generation and reduced intra-macrophage parasitic burden. Collectively, these results imply involvement of MAP kinases in infectivity and survival of the parasite and can pave the avenue for repurposing sorafenib and imatinib as anti-leishmanial agents.
The first discovery of SFTSV in the Centre of Metropolitan Beijing, China
Authors: Zheng Aihua , Yuan Fei , Zhu Lianglong , Tian Di , Xia Mengyu , Zheng Minghao , Zhang Qing , Zhang Tingyu , Zhang Xing
Published: February 2024

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus (SFTSV), an emerging tick-borne bandavirus, poses a significant public health threat in rural China. Since 2021, an increase in local cases has been noted in the rural-urban fringe surrounding Beijing. This study aimed to assess the formation of natural foci in urban areas by conducting a field survey of ticks and hedgehogs from Beijing's second to fifth ring roads. Our survey revealed a diverse tick population in city parks, including the major SFTSV vector, H. longicornis. Parthenogenetic H. longicornis, known for its role in rapid SFTSV spread, was identified in key locations like Beihai Park and Taoranting Park, near the Forbidden City. Notably, high SFTSV seroprevalence and RNA prevalence were found in hedgehogs and parasitic ticks in the center of Beijing. These findings highlight the circulation of SFTSV in central Beijing, underscoring the need for urgent attention and enhanced surveillance measures.
D-mannose suppresses macrophage release of extracellular vesicles and ameliorates type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Sha , Sui Bing-Dong
Published: February 2024

The monosaccharide D-mannose exists naturally in low abundance in human blood, while an increased plasma mannose level is associated with insulin resistance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients. However, whether and how D-mannose may regulate T2D development remains elusive. Here, we show that despite the altered mannose metabolism in T2D, drinking-water supplementation of supraphysiological D-mannose safely ameliorates T2D in genetically obese db/db mice. Interestingly, D-mannose therapy exerts limited effects on the gut microbiome and peripheral blood T cells, whereas D-mannose after administration is enriched in the liver and alleviates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, D-mannose suppresses macrophage release of pathological extracellular vesicles (EVs) for improving hepatocyte function through metabolic control of CD36 expression. Collectively, these findings reveal D-mannose as an effective and potential T2D therapeutic, which add to the current knowledge of sugars regulating EV-based intercellular communication and inspire translational pharmaceutical strategies of T2D.
Fertilization by short-term stored sperm alters DNA methylation patterns in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryos at single-base resolution
Authors: Cheng Yu , Zhang Songpei , Nayak Rigolin , Vechtova Pavlina , Schumacher Fabian , Linhartova Pavla , Gazo Ievgeniia , Linhartova Zuzana , Waghmare Swapnil Gorakh , Kleuser Burkhard , Dey Abhipsha , Rodinova Vladimira , Rodina Marek , Sterba Jan , Alavi Sayyed Mohammad Hadi , Labbe Catherine , Linhart Otomar
Published: February 2024

Short-term storage of sperm in vitro is widely used for artificial fertilization in aquaculture. It has been shown that short-term storage affects sperm motility characteristics, resulting in diminished fertility. However, the detrimental effects of short-term sperm storage on embryos development have remained largely unexplored in single-base methylome resolution. The main aim of the present study was to investigate DNA methylation in the offspring of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) derived from short-term stored sperm. Sperm were stored in artificial seminal plasma on ice (0-2°C) for 0, 3 and 6 days in vitro, fertilization was performed using oocytes from a single female, and embryos were collected at the mid-blastula stage. Sperm and embryo DNA was extracted, analysed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). DNA methylation was then assessed. Sperm storage showed negative effects on motility, viability and DNA integrity, but had no effect on global DNA methylation of spermatozoa and resulting embryos. Results from the WGBS showed that methylation of 3313 genes was affected in the embryos fertilized with the 6-day-stored sperm, and the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) identified were mainly involved in cell adhesion, calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinase and adrenergic signalling, melanogenesis, metabolism and RNA transport. Such results suggest that prolongation of storage time may have certain impacts on embryonic development. These initial results provide valuable information for future consideration of the DNA methylome in embryos generated from short-term stored sperm, which is widely used for genetic management of broodstock in aquaculture.
Prenatal Stress Alters Transcription of NMDA-Type Glutamate Receptors in the Hippocampus
Authors: Buck Tristram , Dong Erbo , Guidotti Alessandro , Sodhi Monsheel
Published: February 2024

Prenatal stress damages the development of the cortico-hippocampal circuit in the brain and increases the risk for neurological disorders associated with deficits of social behavior, including schizophrenia. Accumulating evidence indicates that the NMDA-type glutamate receptor plays an important role in social cognition and stress-induced pathology in the hippocampus. In this study we have tested the hypothesis that transcription of NMDAR subunits is modified in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of prenatally stressed mice. Prenatal stress exposure was conducted by exposing pregnant mice to restraint stress three times daily during gestational weeks 2 and 3. We treated the adult offspring with haloperidol (1mg/kg), clozapine (5mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) twice daily for 5 days, after which we measured social interaction behavior (SI) and locomotor activity. After euthanasia, we measured the transcription of NMDAR subunits in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. We observed that saline-treated prenatally stressed (PRS-Sal) mice had reduced social interaction (SI) behavior compared to controls (NS-Sal) (P<0.01). This deficit was recovered in PRS mice treated with clozapine (PRS-Clz) but not the haloperidol-treated PRS group (PRS-Hal). These changes were not due to suppressed locomotion as neither PRS nor antipsychotic treatment reduced locomotor activity. These effects of prenatal stress were associated with increased transcription of NMDAR subunits (GRIN genes) in the hippocampus but not the frontal cortex. We observed positive correlation between GRIN transcription and social behavior in the frontal cortex, and conversely, negative correlation between GRIN transcription and social behavior in the hippocampus. Studies indicate that transcription of NMDARs is activity dependent, therefore altering the transcription levels of different NMDAR subunits would have a significant impact on the excitatory transmission in the corticolimbic circuit. The results suggest a molecular pathway by which prenatal stress in mice leads to life-long deficits in social behavior. It’s worth noting that while these associations have been observed in mice, the direct translation to human prenatal stress and NMDA receptor alterations requires further investigation. Nevertheless, these findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of prenatal stress on pathology in the hippocampus and downstream effects on social behavior and may have implications for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders related to prenatal stress exposure.
Construction and application of a technical platform for determining cell cycle- and autophagy-associated cellular accumulation of lipid-based nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yisha , Luo Gan , Wang Haiyang , Zheng Yue , Xu Xiao , Zhou Wenbin , Lin Junrong , Chen Baocheng , Jin Yifeng , Sui Meihua
Published: February 2024

Cellular accumulation of biomedical nanoparticles could be affected by cellular biological properties. However, little is known about the influence of cell cycle and autophagy on nanoparticle accumulation. What’s even more tough is that several long-lasting methodological barriers have hampered the experimental performance and restricted related research progress. Herein, a multi-functional platform was constructed for simultaneously overcoming existing obstacles by integrating several technical approaches, particularly mitotic shake-off, for thorough cell cycle phase separation. Strikingly, application of this platform revealed that G2-phase and M-phase cells, two cell populations previously muddled up together as G2/M-phase cells, respectively exhibited the maximum and minimum accumulation of lipid-based nanoparticles. Moreover, although further verification is needed, we have provided a novel line of evidence for enhanced nanoparticle accumulation by autophagy blockade. Besides providing a technical solution, this study discovered characteristic cell cycle- and autophagy-associated nanoparticle accumulations that may offer new insights for optimization and application of nanomedicines.
Novel therapies for cancer-induced bone pain
Authors: Haroun Rayan , Gossage Samuel J. , Iseppon Federico , Fudge Alexander , Caxaria Sara , Arcangeletti Manuel , Leese Charlotte , Davletov Bazbek , Cox James J. , Sikandar Shafaq , Welsh Fraser , Chessell Iain P. , Wood John
Published: February 2024

Cancer pain is a growing problem, especially with the substantial increase in cancer survival. Reports indicate that bone metastasis, whose primary symptom is bone pain, occurs in 65-75% of patients with advanced breast or prostate cancer. We optimized a preclinical in vivo model of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) involving the injection of Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells into the intramedullary space of the femur of C57BL/6 mice or transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 background. Mice gradually reduce the use of the affected limb, leading to altered weight bearing. Symptoms of secondary cutaneous heat sensitivity also manifest themselves. Following optimization, three potential analgesic treatments were assessed; 1) single ion channel targets (targeting the voltage-gated sodium channels NaV1.7, NaV1.8, or acid-sensing ion channels), 2) silencing Mu-opioid receptor-expressing neurons by modified botulinum compounds, and 3) targeting two inflammatory mediators simultaneously (nerve growth factor (NGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)). Unlike global NaV1.8 knockout mice which do not show any reduction in CIBP-related behavior, embryonic conditional NaV1.7 knockout mice in sensory neurons exhibit a mild reduction in CIBP-linked behavior. Modified botulinum compounds also failed to cause a detectable analgesic effect. In contrast, inhibition of NGF and/or TNF resulted in a significant reduction in CIBP-driven weight-bearing alterations and prevented the development of secondary cutaneous heat hyperalgesia. Our results support the inhibition of these inflammatory mediators; and more strongly their dual inhibition to treat CIBP, given the superiority of combination therapies in extending the time needed to reach limb use score zero in our CIBP model.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-oxo-3-phenyl-2-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1,6-a:2,3-d′]dipyrimidine-6-carbonitrile
Authors: Naghiyev Farid N. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Akkurt Mehmet , Mamedov Huseyn M. , Bhattarai Ajaya , Khalilov Ali N. , Mamedov İbrahim G.
Published: February 2024

In the title compound, C21H15N5OS2, molecular pairs are linked by N—H...N hydrogen bonds along the c-axis direction and C—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds along the b-axis direction, with R
2
2(12) and R
2
2(16) motifs, respectively, thus forming layers parallel to the (10\overline{4}) plane. In addition, C=S...π and C[triple-bond]N...π interactions between the layers ensure crystal cohesion. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the major contributions to the crystal packing are H...H (43.0%), C...H/H...C (16.9%), N...H/H...N (11.3%) and S...H/H...S (10.9%) interactions.
Personality in individuals with mild intellectual disability to borderline intellectual functioning: a comparative study
Authors: Lie Sam Foek-Rambelje Kim , Copier Kirsten , Didden Robert , Haacke Esmay , van der Heijden Paul , Egger Jos
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the distinctive personality traits and characteristics of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and mild intellectual disability (MID) within specialized centers for MID-BIF treatment and care compared with individuals without MID-BIF diagnosis gathered from general mental health care (GMH) settings.

Design/methodology/approach

Patients classified with MID-BIF (n= 58), most with comorbid psychopathology, were thoroughly interviewed by trained clinicians who afterward completed the Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200) about the patient. The authors compared SWAP-200 profiles of MID-BIF patients with profiles of GMH individuals. In addition, the authors have compared these profiles for the MID and BIF groups (differentiated based on previously known intelligence quotient scores).

Findings

Results show significantly higher scores for the MID-BIF group than the GMH group on scales encompassing emotional instability, impulsivity and antagonism. On scales containing constraint and healthy traits, significantly lower scores were found for the MID-BIF group than for the GMH group. Importance of including SWAP-200 personality assessment for a more comprehensive understanding and treatment planning for individuals with MID-BIF is discussed.

Originality/value

This study offers insights into personality within individuals with an MID-BIF diagnosis, compared with individuals in a GMH setting.
Analysis of data-driven approaches for radar target classification
Authors: Coşkun Aysu , Bilicz Sándor
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study focuses on the classification of targets with varying shapes using radar cross section (RCS), which is influenced by the target’s shape. This study aims to develop a robust classification method by considering an incident angle with minor random fluctuations and using a physical optics simulation to generate data sets.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach involves several supervised machine learning and classification methods, including traditional algorithms and a deep neural network classifier. It uses histogram-based definitions of the RCS for feature extraction, with an emphasis on resilience against noise in the RCS data. Data enrichment techniques are incorporated, including the use of noise-impacted histogram data sets.

Findings

The classification algorithms are extensively evaluated, highlighting their efficacy in feature extraction from RCS histograms. Among the studied algorithms, the K-nearest neighbour is found to be the most accurate of the traditional methods, but it is surpassed in accuracy by a deep learning network classifier. The results demonstrate the robustness of the feature extraction from the RCS histograms, motivated by mm-wave radar applications.

Originality/value

This study presents a novel approach to target classification that extends beyond traditional methods by integrating deep neural networks and focusing on histogram-based methodologies. It also incorporates data enrichment techniques to enhance the analysis, providing a comprehensive perspective for target detection using RCS.
Sustaining talent: a social exchange perspective on the Generation Z workforce
Authors: Chaudhry Smita
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to conceptually identify the organizational conditions and therefore the possible areas of intervention, in the domains of work, growth potential and culture, which would help the Generation Z workforce be more engaged, motivated and committed to the organization.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts a typology methodology, taking into account the specific characteristics of Generation Z. It describes a conceptual framework, drawing on three fundamental aspects of social exchange theory in the context of workplace (organizational justice, organizational support and leader-member exchange), and applying them to three dimensions of organizational life (work, growth potential and culture).

Findings

The paper suggests certain organizational conditions, in the domains of work, growth potential and culture, which can align Generation Z workforce to the organization. It accordingly indicates desirable interventions in the areas of job design, training, performance and compensation systems, work policies, leadership and communication.

Originality/value

The paper identifies organizational conditions for sustaining Generation Z talent, based on their specific characteristics. There is limited evidence of such studies for Generation Z in the literature. The paper adopts a structured and systematic approach involving typology methodology. By taking a holistic and theoretical perspective on ways to enhance Generation Z engagement, the paper seeks to address an existing gap in the literature.
Are business growth and entrepreneurial motivations competing with environmental intention among nascent entrepreneurs?
Authors: Tounés Azzedine , Tornikoski Erno
Published: February 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether business growth intention (BGI) and entrepreneurial motivations enhance the explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict environmental intention (EI) among nascent entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach

In the context of nascent entrepreneurship, the authors collected data from 193 nascent entrepreneurs in France. To test the hypotheses, stepwise multiple regression was performed.

Findings

The results show that BGI has a positive influence on EI. This indicates that it is possible for French nascent entrepreneurs to plan the simultaneous pursuit of business growth and environmental goals. However, entrepreneurial motivations have a mixed effect on EI. If necessity motivations negatively influence EI, opportunity motivations have no significant effect on the latter.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is among the first to extend the TBP model with additional factors, namely, BGI and necessity/opportunity motivations, to study EI. Moreover, the extended TBP model is validated in the under-research context of nascent entrepreneurship.
Academic community’s use of university digital library and their searching behaviour
Authors: Rafique Azra , Ameen Kanwal , Arshad Alia
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the evidence-based usage patterns of higher education commission (HEC) subscribed e-journal databases in the university digital library used by the scholarly community and the academics’ online searching behaviour at a higher education institution in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. Raw transaction log data were collected for quantitative analysis, and the interview technique was used for qualitative data collection and thematic analysis.

Findings

Log analysis revealed that HEC subscribed databases were used significantly, and among those, scholarly databases covering various subjects were more frequently used than subject-specific society-based databases. Furthermore, the users frequently accessed the needed e-journal articles through search engines like Google and Google Scholar, considering them sources of free material instead of the HEC subscribed databases.

Practical implications

It provides practical implications for examining the evidence-based use patterns of e-journal databases. It suggests the need for improving the access management of HEC databases, keeping in view the usage statistics and the demands of the scholars. The study may also help create market venues for the publishers of scholarly databases by offering attractive and economical packages for researchers of various disciplines in developing and underdeveloped countries. The study results also guide the information professionals to arrange orientation and information literacy programs to improve the searching behaviour of their less frequent users and enhance the utilization of these subscribed databases.

Originality/value

The study is part of a PhD project and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first such work in the context of a developing country like Pakistan.
Smart hotels but not necessarily smart decisions: the smartness paradox
Authors: Wong IpKin Anthony , Xiao Ya , Lin Zhiwei (CJ) , Sun Danni , Huang Jingwen (Daisy) , Liu Matthew
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to answer questions pertinent to whether or not services provided by smart hotels are really what customers are looking for, as well as to ascertain what are some unintended experiences guests may encounter. In essence, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first in the field to acknowledge the paradox of smart service.

Design/methodology/approach

This inquiry adopts a qualitative approach with data-driven from online customer reviews and semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis was undertaken to interpret review comments.

Findings

Results point to a new phenomenon, which is coined as the smartness paradox. In particular, customers on one hand enjoy an array of smart-infused experiences that jointly offer patrons a sense of a futuristic lifestyle. On the other hand, smart devices superimpose a number of hindrances that bring guests dismay and annoyance.

Research limitations/implications

This investigation brings smart service failure to the fore to highlight several key failure themes that could jeopardize the entire operation with debased customers’ satisfaction and loyalty inclination.

Originality/value

The smartness-paradox framework used in the present inquiry entails both approach and avoidance consequences customers enact depending on their smart experiences.
The hidden costs of resistance: Contrasting the energetics of successfully and unsuccessfully fighting infection
Authors: Hall Matthew D. , Phillips Ben L. , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J.
Published: February 2024

Exposure to a pathogen is predicted to lead to increased energy use as hosts attempt to activate a costly immune system and repair damaged tissue. To meet this demand, metabolic rates, which capture the rate at which a host can use, transform and expend energy, are expected to increase. Yet for many host–pathogen systems, metabolic rates after encountering a pathogen are just as likely to decrease as increase, suggesting that increased energy expenditure may not always be best for fighting infection.

Diverging metabolic trajectories have been previously attributed to the different pathways that specific pathogen classes, such as bacteria or viruses, induce in a host. Here, we test how the magnitude and direction of metabolic change following pathogen exposure might also depend on whether a host has cleared infection or is instead fighting to reduce pathogen burden, as well as interactions between host and pathogen genotypes of a single host–pathogen system.

Using a model system, Daphnia magna and its bacterial pathogen, we quantified changes in mass‐independent metabolic rates over a 30‐day period for multiple host and pathogen genotypes. We found that the metabolic trajectory of an exposed host diverged quickly during the infection process. For hosts that were exposed to a pathogen and resisted infection, their mass‐independent metabolic rates remained suppressed long after exposure, leading to a sustained reduction in total energy use compared to unexposed animals. The reverse was true for hosts in which the pathogen was able to establish an infection.

Underlying these changes were differences in the energetic burden that each pathogen genotype imposed on its host, as well as changes in the way host genotype and the outcome of infection shaped underlying scaling relationships between host body mass and metabolic rates. Our results demonstrate how variation in an organism's metabolic rate and overall energy use can arise from within a single host–pathogen encounter and depend on the likelihood of pathogen clearance, as well as the within‐species genetic variability of both hosts and pathogens.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Animal‐mediated seed dispersal and the demo‐genetic configuration across plant colonization gradients
Authors: Isla Jorge , Jácome‐Flores Miguel , Rigueiro Cristina , Arroyo Juan Miguel , Jordano Pedro , García Cristina
Published: February 2024

Ecologists have long recognized that seed dispersal mutualisms trigger natural regeneration and range expansion of animal‐dispersed trees. Yet we lack empirical studies addressing whether frugivore activity influences founder effects, which reduce genetic diversity at the colonization front of expanding populations.

Here, we evaluate the contribution, from both demographic and genetic perspectives, of animal frugivores dispersing seeds across an expansion gradient. We used DNA barcoding for frugivores identification and highly polymorphic genetic markers (SSRs) for maternal analysis of juniper seeds to investigate how (1) stand maturity, (2) microhabitat types and (3) foraging patterns shape the distribution of the maternal progenies along this gradient.

We expect both reduced seed rain density and low numbers of source trees contributing to the seed rain at the colonization front, with limited availability of local fruiting trees. We also anticipated that large‐sized frugivore species would promote maternally rich seed rain due to their ability to mix seed progenies during digestive processing and move further distances across the landscape.

Contrary to our expectations, we found that all identified frugivores produced dense and genetically diverse seed rains across the expansion gradient, even at the colonization front, characterized by scarce fruiting trees.

Synthesis: Our findings shed light on the fundamental and applied implications of plant–frugivore interactions in shaping highly diverse second‐growth forests. These results emphasize the necessity of preserving plant–animal mutualistic interactions to ensure the persistence and expansion of natural tree populations, particularly in formerly fragmented landscapes
A Shout‐out for the Value of Management Education Research: ‘Pedagogy is not a Dirty Word’
Authors: Mason Katy , Anderson Lisa , Black Kate , Roberts Ashley
Published: February 2024

Management Learning Education (MLE) research and curriculum and pedagogy innovation are urgently needed to lead our world out of crisis. If we are to take responsibility for educating future leaders of business, third‐ and public‐sector organizations with the skills, competences and knowledge to deliver sustainable futures for the planet and people, then pedagogy cannot be a dirty word. In this essay, we consider the state we're in by looking at the juncture of [climate] crisis, with the lack of investment in MLE research and innovation, and management education market misfires – which together, constitute MLE as undervalued, underfunded and underdeveloped. We discuss advances in MLE theory to reveal a missing middle of understanding, namely between meta theories of pedagogic philosophies and values and infra theories of programme, course and project insights, as we work toward developing ‘responsible’ and ‘civic’ management schools. Drawing on our own experience as researchers, educators and pedagogy developers, and as past and present vice‐chairs of the Management Knowledge and Education initiative at the British Academy of Management, we call for investments in supporting infrastructures to accelerate MLE and curriculum and pedagogy innovation, implicating learned societies, governments and higher education institutions.
Preparation and characterization of nisin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles functionalized with DNase I for the removal of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms
Authors: Hu Xin , Du Xueying , Li Mingwei , Sun Jing , Li Xiangfei , Pang Xinyi , Lu Yingjian
Published: February 2024

Listeria monocytogenes biofilms represent a continuous source of contamination, leading to serious food safety concerns and economic losses. This study aims to develop novel nisin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) functionalized with DNase I and evaluate its antibiofilm activity against L. monocytogenes on food contact surfaces. Nisin‐loaded CSNPs (CS‐N) were first prepared by ionic cross‐linking, and DNase I was covalently grafted on the surface (DNase‐CS‐N). The NPs were subsequently characterized by Zetasizer Nano, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The antibiofilm activity of NPs was evaluated against L. monocytogenes on polyurethane (PU). The DNase‐CS‐N was fabricated and characterized with quality attributes (particle size—427.0 ± 15.1 nm, polydispersity [PDI]—0.114 ± 0.034, zeta potential—+52.5 ± 0.2 mV, encapsulation efficiency—46.5% ± 3.6%, DNase conjugate rate—70.4% ± 0.2). FT‐IR and XRD verified the loading of nisin and binding of DNase I with chitosan. The DNase‐CS‐N caused a 3 log colony‐forming unit (CFU)/cm2 reduction of L. monocytogenes biofilm cells, significantly higher than those in CSNPs (1.4 log), CS‐N (1.8 log), and CS‐N in combination with DNase I (2.2 log) treatment groups. In conclusion, nisin‐loaded CSNPs functionalized with DNase I were successfully prepared and characterized with smooth surface and nearly spherical shape, high surface positive charge, and good stability, which is effective to eradicate L. monocytogenes biofilm cells on food contact surfaces, exhibiting great potential as antibiofilm agents in food industry.

Practical Application

Listeria monocytogenes biofilms are a common safety hazard in food processing. In this study, novel nanoparticles were successfully constructed and are expected to be a promising antibiofilm agent in the food industry.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals ozone treatment delays kiwifruit postharvest softening by modulating cell wall metabolism
Authors: Wang Yan , Niu Yaoxing , Ye Lixia , Shi Yubing , Luo Anwei
Published: February 2024

Kiwifruit ripening and senescence after harvesting are closely related to its economic value. Transcriptome analysis and biochemical parameters were used to investigate the differences in gene expression levels and the potential regulation of cell wall metabolism in kiwifruit treated with ozone, thereby regulating fruit softening and prolonging postharvest life. Compared to the control group, the activities of the cell wall modification enzyme were lower under ozone treatment, the content of polysaccharide in the cell wall of primary pectin and cellulose was higher, and the content of soluble pectin was lower. Meanwhile, ozone treatment delayed the degradation of the cell wall mesosphere during storage. A total of 20 pectinesterase (PE)‐related genes were identified by sequencing analysis. The data analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that cell wall modifying enzyme genes played an important role in softening and senescence after harvesting, which may reduce or induce the expression of certain genes affecting cell wall metabolism. Ozone treatment not only regulates active genes such as xyloglucan endo glycosyltransferase/hydrolase, cellulose synthase, polygalacturonase, and PE to maintain the quality of fruit after harvest but also acts synergically with cell wall modifying enzymes to inhibit the degradation of cell wall, resulting in changes in the ultrastructure of cell wall, thereby reducing the hardness of kiwifruit. In addition, according to the results of cis‐acting elements, cell wall degradation is also related to downstream hormone signaling, especially PE‐related genes. These results provide a theoretical basis for studying the mechanism of firmness and cell wall metabolism difference of kiwifruit and also lay a good foundation for further research.
Calcium absorption by Alaska pollock surimi protein hydrolysate promotes osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Eom TaeKil , Nam Taek‐Jeong
Published: February 2024

The calcium‐binding capacity and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were studied in Alaska pollock surimi hydrolysate (APSH) using a system that mimics the gastrointestinal digestive system. Evaluation of the calcium absorption–promoting ability of APSH revealed that the best calcium‐binding ability was achieved after hydrolysis with a combination of pepsin, α‐chymotrypsin, and trypsin, and separation into <3 kDa (APSH‐I), 3–5 kDa (APSH‐II), 5–10 kDa (APSH‐III), and <10 kDa (APSH‐IV) fractions. Scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the hydrolysate and calcium ions formed a complex. Comparison of the calcium absorption capacity using Caco‐2 cells showed that calcium absorption was promoted by these hydrolysates. Measurement of the osteoblast activation revealed higher alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization effect for the low‐molecular‐weight hydrolysate (LMH) than for the other hydrolysates. In addition, LMH promoted the expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and ‐4, which are hormones related to bone formation. Expression of the Runx2 transcription factor, which regulates the expression of these hormones, also increased. These results suggest that Alaska pollock surimi protein hydrolysates prepared using a system that mimics gastrointestinal hydrolysis may result in better osteoblast proliferation and bone health than those prepared using other proteases.
Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: Targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Qun , Liu Jing , Sun Li‐Ying , Ong Hsiao Hui , Ye Jing , Xu Yu , Wang De‐Yun
Published: February 2024

Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process.
Differential expression of reproduction‐related genes in shrimps from East Pacific fisheries
Authors: Jimenez‐Gutierrez Laura R.
Published: February 2024

Shrimp fisheries and culture are important food sources worldwide. Central East Pacific fisheries are mainly supported by four species: Penaeus brevirostris, P. californiensis, P. stylirostris and P. vannamei. However, the same shrimp fishery practices, management strategies and closures are applied to these four species despite their differences in life history and reproductive periods. Most molecular studies have focused on the cultured species P. vannamei, while knowledge for the rest of the species is scarce. Therefore, this study sought to examine the transcriptomes of these four shrimp species from the Mexican Pacific at different maturity stages. A total of 165 unigenes were found to be reproduction‐related in the four shrimp species. The genes with the highest overall expression levels were associated with ribosomes, transcription and methyltransferase pathways. Moreover, the reproduction‐related genes with the highest expression values were polehole protein and ovarian peritrophin. The major expression similarities were primarily among pre‐vitellogenic and vitellogenic females within each species, and secondly among the species P. brevirostris and P. californiensis and the species P. vannamei and P. stylirostris. Although these four species might share a geographical location or niche, the expression of reproduction related‐genes at different gonadal maturity stages exhibited species‐specific variations.
Outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma receiving salvage treatment after BCMA‐specific CAR‐T therapy: A retrospective analysis of LEGEND‐2
Authors: Liu Rui , Yang Rui , Xu Xuezhu , Zhao Wanhong , Wang Fangxia , Zhang Wanggang , Lei Bo , Yang Ruoyu , Wang Yiwen , He Aili , Wang Jianli
Published: February 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy targeting B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has shown profound efficacy and manageable toxicity in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, determining the best course of treatment for post‐CAR‐T therapy relapse remains a significant challenge. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients from the phase I LEGEND‐2 study (NCT03090659) enrolled at the Xi'an site, analysing the first salvage line of therapy and outcomes in patients with RRMM who progressed after receiving LCAR‐B38M CAR‐T therapy. Of 45 eligible patients, 34 (76%) had progressive disease (PD). Overall response rate (ORR) to salvage treatment was 50.0%. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) after starting salvage treatment was 16.3 months. Median PFS of patients receiving proteasome inhibitor (PI)‐based combination therapy was longer (28.2 months) than that of patients receiving a second BCMA CAR‐T (including LCAR‐B38M; 3.9 months, p = 0.0022) or chemotherapy (1.67 months, p = 0.0001). All patients with extramedullary disease at baseline (n = 11) progressed after CAR‐T therapy; ORR to salvage therapy was 25.0% and median PFS was 9.7 months. In conclusion, salvage therapy in patients with PD after receiving LCAR‐B38M CAR‐T cells produced moderate efficacy, with better outcomes for PI‐based salvage regimens.
Voltage tunes mGlu5 receptor function, impacting synaptic transmission
Authors: Boutonnet Marin , Carpena Camille , Bouquier Nathalie , Chastagnier Yan , Font‐Ingles Joan , Moutin Enora , Tricoire Ludovic , Chemin Jean , Perroy Julie
Published: February 2024

Background and Purpose

Voltage sensitivity is a common feature of many membrane proteins, including some G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the functional consequences of voltage sensitivity in GPCRs are not well understood.

Experimental approach

In this study, we investigated the voltage sensitivity of the post‐synaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu5 and its impact on synaptic transmission. Using biosensors and electrophysiological recordings in non‐excitable HEK293T cells or neurons.

Key Results

We found that mGlu5 receptor function is optimal at resting membrane potentials. We observed that membrane depolarization significantly reduced mGlu5 receptor activation, Gq‐PLC/PKC stimulation, Ca2+ release and mGlu5 receptor‐gated currents through transient receptor potential canonical, TRPC6, channels or glutamate ionotropic NMDA receptors. Notably, we report a previously unknown activity of the NMDA receptor at the resting potential of neurons, enabled by mGlu5.

Conclusions and Implications

Our findings suggest that mGlu5 receptor activity is directly regulated by membrane voltage which may have a significant impact on synaptic processes and pathophysiological functions.
Complement tunes glutamate release and supports synaptic impairments in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Olivero Guendalina , Taddeucci Alice , Vallarino Giulia , Trebesova Hanna , Roggeri Alessandra , Gagliani Maria Cristina , Cortese Katia , Grilli Massimo , Pittaluga Anna
Published: February 2024

Background and Purpose

To deepen our knowledge of the role of complement in synaptic impairment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, we investigated the distribution of C1q and C3 proteins and the role of complement as a promoter of glutamate release in purified nerve endings (synaptosomes) and astrocytic processes (gliosomes) isolated from the cortex of EAE mice at the acute stage of the disease (21 ± 1 day post‐immunization).

Experimental Approach

EAE cortical synaptosomes and gliosomes were analysed for glutamate release efficiency (measured as release of preloaded [3H]D‐aspartate ([3H]D‐ASP)), C1q and C3 protein density, and for viability and ongoing apoptosis.

Key Results

In healthy mice, complement releases [3H]D‐ASP from gliosomes more efficiently than from synaptosomes. The releasing activity occurs in a dilution‐dependent manner and involves the reversal of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). In EAE mice, the complement‐induced releasing activity is significantly reduced in cortical synaptosomes but amplified in cortical gliosomes. These adaptations are paralleled by decreased density of the EAAT2 protein in synaptosomes and increased EAAT1 staining in gliosomes. Concomitantly, PSD95, GFAP, and CD11b, but not SNAP25, proteins are overexpressed in the cortex of the EAE mice. Similarly, C1q and C3 protein immunostaining is increased in EAE cortical synaptosomes and gliosomes, although signs of ongoing apoptosis or altered viability are not detectable.

Conclusion and Implications

Our results unveil a new noncanonical role of complement in the CNS of EAE mice relevant to disease progression and central synaptopathy that suggests new therapeutic targets for the management of MS.
Dropped head syndrome in anti‐MuSK antibody‐positive myasthenia gravis with possible concurrent axial myopathy
Authors: Okubo So , Kainaga Mitsuhiro , Tokushige Shin‐ichi , Uchibori Ayumi , Oishi Chizuko , Hirano Teruyuki , Ichikawa Yaeko
Published: February 2024

Background

Dropped head syndrome (DHS) is a group of disorders that result in anterior neck flexion. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a common cause of DHS. Previous reports have suggested that concurrent myopathy involving the paraspinal musculature may underlie DHS in patients with anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive or thymoma‐associated MG.

Case Presentation

A 64‐year‐old woman presented with a 3‐month history of head drop and lordosis. Neurological examination revealed bilateral ptosis and weakness of the posterior neck extensors. Electrophysiology suggested neuromuscular junction involvement. Serum anti‐MuSK antibodies were positive, and generalized anti‐MuSK antibody‐positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK‐MG) was diagnosed. Needle electromyography (nEMG) of the splenius capitus and paraspinal muscles revealed acute and chronic myogenic changes. Imaging suggested paraspinal muscle atrophy. nEMG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both extremities were normal, and autoimmune myopathy‐related antibody testing was negative.

Conclusion

Thymoma‐negative MuSK‐MG, demonstrating treatment‐refractory DHS, may present with concurrent axial myopathy.