bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tough and Ductile Architected Nacre‐Like Cementitious Composites
Authors: Gupta Shashank , Esmaeeli Hadi S. , Moini Reza
Published: June 2024

Enhancing fracture toughness and ductility of brittle materials such as concrete remains a challenge. Nature offers numerous mechanisms to enhance fracture toughness using purposeful designs of materials’ architecture. Natural nacre exhibits high fracture toughness by promoting inelastic deformation and hierarchical toughening mechanisms. Here, “nacre‐like‐separated” and “nacre‐like‐grooved” cementitious composites inspired by brick‐and‐mortar arrangement of mollusk shells are proposed. These nacre‐like composites are engineered by laser processing cement paste into individual tablets and grooved patterns (as intentional defects) and laminating them with limited amounts of suitable elastomeric (polyvinyl siloxane) interlayers. It is found that interlayer deformation, tortuous crack propagation guided by the defects, and crack bridging are the main toughening mechanisms in these composites that lead to rising resistance curves. The study hypothesizes tablet sliding as an additional toughening mechanism in “nacre‐like‐separated”, preventing tablet failure and leading to the postponed onset of bulk composite failure. These mechanisms significantly enhance both fracture toughness and ductility by 17.1 and 19 folds, compared to constituent hardened cement paste, respectively. By engineering laser‐induced defects into tabulated cementitious‐elastomeric material at meso‐scale, a class of tough and ductile cementitious composites is introduced, resulting in significantly high fracture toughness values (73.68 MPa.mm1/2), comparable to Ultra‐high‐performance‐concrete without sacrificing the strength.
Water Confinement in Nitrogen‐Rich Nanoporous Carbon Materials Revealed by In Situ Scanning Transmission X‐Ray Microscopy
Authors: Wu Bin , Amargianou Faidra , Förster Jan‐David , Pöhlker Christopher , Rauch Thomas Guy , Wong Deniz , Schulz Christian , Seidel Robert , Weigand Markus , Oschatz Martin , Petit Tristan
Published: June 2024

The interaction between water molecules and surfaces in porous carbon‐based materials plays a significant role in various fields including but not limited to catalysis, gas sorption, or electrochemical energy storage and conversion. The incorporation of nitrogen enhances the hydrophilicity of typically rather nonpolar carbon‐based materials but the molecular understanding of water chemical configuration in such porous materials remains incomplete. Water adsorption on nitrogen‐containing nanoporous carbon surfaces is governed by a subtle balance between water–water and water–surface hydrogen bonding interactions, which together determine the water structures formed and their stability. In this work, in situ Scanning Transmission X‐ray microscopy performed on individual nanoporous carbon particles under a humid atmosphere is used to elucidate the interactions between nitrogen‐containing carbon surfaces and water molecules. The hydrogen bonding of water is found to be nonuniform within the particles and to depend on the nanopore size and the chemical bonding of nitrogen atoms. The nature of the nitrogen sites interacting with water is further characterized by resonance inelastic X‐ray Scattering and near ambient pressure X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. This study provides new perspectives on water interaction when confined in nanoporous nitrogen‐rich carbons.
Core@Shell Heterostructured NiMoPx@Ni5P4 Nanorod Arrays Promoting Direct Electro‐Oxidation of Methanol and Hydrogen Evolution under Industry Conditions
Authors: Zhu Botao , Xiong Jie , Wu Shuo , You Kaixuan , Sun Bin , Liu Yixiang , Chen Muzi , Jin Peng , Feng Lai
Published: June 2024

Methanol‐electrooxidation‐reaction (MOR) to value‐added formate is a promising alternative to water oxidation for cost‐efficient hydrogen production. It is generally proposed that the MOR kinetics on Ni‐based catalysts are highly limited by the transition rate of Ni(OH)2/NiOOH. Yet, how to define the catalyst following the direct pathway without Ni2+/Ni3+ transition remains challenging. Herein, a core@shell heterostructured NiMoPx@Ni5P4 catalyst is developed to selectively promote the MOR at a large current density (> 500 mA cm−2). A series of operando spectroscopic studies reveal negligible formation of NiOOH with 1.0 m methanol in a wide potential range, where MOR is predominant. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Ni‐P site of NiMoPx@Ni5P4 favors the adsorption of *CH3OH over *OH while the heterostructure contributes to the significantly reduced energy barrier of *OCH3 →*OCH2, hence promoting the MOR along a direct pathway without the formation of NiOOH. Moreover, further study suggests that the catalyst also performs well toward cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As a result, an electrode pair of NiMoPx@Ni5P4//NiMoPx@Ni5P4 is employed to enable concurrent MOR/HER electrolysis at 1.81 V to yield formate/H2 with FEs of ca. 90/100% and long‐term (100‐h) sustainability at 500 mA cm−2 under the industrial conditions (6.0 m KOH, 65 °C).
Biomimetic Nano‐Regulator that Induces Cuproptosis and Lactate‐Depletion Mediated ROS Storm for Metalloimmunotherapy of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Xiaotong , Li Huimin , Tong Binghua , Zhang Weijie , Wang Xiaofei , Wang Yue , Tian Geng , Xu Zhaowei , Zhang Guilong
Published: June 2024

Herein, a ccRCC targeting nanodrug is designed to enhance chemodynamic therapy (CDT) as well as activate cuproptosis and tumor immunotherapy via ccRCC cell membrane modifying CuO@Gd2O3 yolk‐like particles (CGYL) loaded with lactate oxidase (LOx) (mCGYL‐LOx). Benefiting from the homologous targeting effect of Renca cell membranes, the mCGYS‐LOx can be effectively internalized by Renca cells, open the “gate”, and then release LOx and copper (Cu) ions. LOx can catalyze excessive lactate in Renca cells into H2O2, following that the produced H2O2 is further converted by Cu ions to the highly toxic ·OH, contributing to tumor CDT. Meanwhile, the excessive Cu ions effectively trigger tumor cuproptosis. These synergistic effects induce the release of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and activate immunogenic cell death (ICD), leading to DC maturation and infiltration of immune effector cells. Moreover, LOx‐mediated lactate consumption downregulates the expression of PD‐L1, crippling tumor immune escape. In addition, the mCGYL‐LOx improves T1‐weighted MRI signal, allowing for accurate diagnosis of ccRCC. This study demonstrates that the mCGYL‐LOx has great potential for improving therapy of ccRCC via the synergistic actions of CDT and cuproptosis as well as immunotherapy.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid‐Modified Polyethyleneimine Nano‐Composites Deliver Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor Genes for Lipid‐Lowering Therapy by Targeting the Liver
Authors: Guo Xiaotang , Xu Jiming , Lu Xiyuan , Zheng Xiaoyan , Chen Xi , Sun Zhenning , Shen Beilei , Tang Hao , Duan Yiman , Zhou Zhengwei , Feng Xu , Chen Yang , Wang Junjie , Pang Jing , Jiang Qin , Huang Bin , Gu Ning , Li Juxue
Published: June 2024

Lipid‐lowering drugs, especially statins, are extensively utilized in clinical settings for the prevention of hyperlipidemia. Nevertheless, prolonged usage of current lipid‐lowering medications is associated with significant adverse reactions. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel therapeutic agents for lipid‐lowering therapy. In this study, a chenodeoxycholic acid and lactobionic acid double‐modified polyethyleneimine (PDL) nanocomposite as a gene delivery vehicle for lipid‐lowering therapy by targeting the liver, are synthesized. Results from the in vitro experiments demonstrate that PDL exhibits superior transfection efficiency compared to polyethyleneimine in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells and effectively carries plasmids. Moreover, PDL can be internalized by AML12 cells and rapidly escape lysosomal entrapment. Intravenous administration of cyanine5.5 (Cy5.5)‐conjugated PDL nanocomposites reveals their preferential accumulation in the liver compared to polyethyleneimine counterparts. Systemic delivery of low‐density lipoprotein receptor plasmid‐loaded PDL nanocomposites into mice leads to reduced levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and triglycerides (TC) in the bloodstream without any observed adverse effects on mouse health or well‐being. Collectively, these findings suggest that low‐density lipoprotein receptor plasmid‐loaded PDL nanocomposites hold promise as potential therapeutics for lipid‐lowering therapy.
Wintersweet‐like Nanohybrids of Titanium‐doped Cerium Vanadate Loaded with Polypyrrole for Tumor Theranostic
Authors: Lu Qianyun , Wang Xiaotong , Fan Xin , Lin Jinguo , Hu Jiayi , Duan Guangxin , Yu Huimin , Geng Zihan , Wang Xingang , Dai Hongliang , Liu Feng , Wen Ling , Geng Hongya
Published: June 2024

Compromises between enhanced on‐targeting reactivity and precise real‐time monitoring in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are the main roadblocks for catalytic cancer therapy. The hallmark of a high level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acidic extracellular environment of the hypoxia solid tumor can underpin therapeutic and tracking performance. Herein, this work provides an activatable wintersweet‐like nanohybrid consisting of titanium (Ti) doped cerium vanadate nanorods with the modification of polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles (CeVO4‐Ti@PPy) for combinatorial therapies of breast carcinoma. The Ti dopants in the size‐controllable CeVO4 nanorods lower the energy barrier (0.5 eV) of the rate‐determining steps and elaborate peroxidase‐like (POD‐like) activities to improve the generation of toxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The multiple enzyme‐like activities, including the intrinsic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), achieve a record‐high therapeutic efficiency. Coupling this oxidative stress with the photothermal effects of PPy enables enhanced catalytic tumor necrosis. The exterior PPy heterogeneous structure can be further doped with protons in the local acidic environment to intensify photoacoustic signals, allowing the non‐invasive accurate tracking of tumors. The theranostic performance displayed negligible attenuated signals in near‐infrared (NIR) windows. This organic‐inorganic nanohybrid with a heterogeneous structure provides the potential to improve the overall outcomes of catalytic therapy.
A Review of Conductive Hydrogel‐Based Wearable Temperature Sensors
Authors: Mo Fan , Zhou Pengcheng , Lin Shihong , Zhong Junwen , Wang Yan
Published: June 2024

Conductive hydrogel has garnered significant attention as an emergent candidate for diverse wearable sensors, owing to its remarkable and tailorable properties such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and strong electrical conductivity. These attributes make it highly suitable for various wearable sensor applications (e.g., biophysical, bioelectrical, and biochemical sensors) that can monitor human health conditions and provide timely interventions. Among these applications, conductive hydrogel‐based wearable temperature sensors are especially important for healthcare and disease surveillance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of conductive hydrogel‐based wearable temperature sensors. First, this work summarizes different types of conductive fillers‐based hydrogel, highlighting their recent developments and advantages as wearable temperature sensors. Next, this work discusses the sensing characteristics of conductive hydrogel‐based wearable temperature sensors, focusing on sensitivity, dynamic stability, stretchability, and signal output. Then, state‐of‐the‐art applications are introduced, ranging from body temperature detection and wound temperature detection to disease monitoring. Finally, this work identifies the remaining challenges and prospects facing this field. By addressing these challenges with potential solutions, this review hopes to shed some light on future research and innovations in this promising field.
Universal Formation of Single Atoms from Molten Salt for Facilitating Selective CO2 Reduction
Authors: Hao Qi , Zhen Cheng , Tang Qi , Wang Jiazhi , Ma Peiyu , Wu Junxiu , Wang Tianyang , Liu Dongxue , Xie Linxuan , Liu Xiao , Gu M. Danny , Hoffmann Michael R. , Yu Gang , Liu Kai , Lu Jun
Published: June 2024

Clarifying the formation mechanism of single‐atom sites guides the design of emerging single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and facilitates the identification of the active sites at atomic scale. Herein, a molten‐salt atomization strategy is developed for synthesizing zinc (Zn) SACs with temperature universality from 400 to 1000/1100 °C and an evolved coordination from Zn‐N2Cl2 to Zn‐N4. The electrochemical tests and in situ attenuated total reflectance‐surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy confirm that the Zn‐N4 atomic sites are active for electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to carbon monoxide (CO). In a strongly acidic medium (0.2 m K2SO4, pH = 1), the Zn SAC formed at 1000 °C (Zn1NC) containing Zn‐N4 sites enables highly selective CO2 electroreduction to CO, with nearly 100% selectivity toward CO product in a wide current density range of 100–600 mA cm−2. During a 50 h continuous electrolysis at the industrial current density of 200 mA cm−2, Zn1NC achieves Faradaic efficiencies greater than 95% for CO product. The work presents a temperature‐universal formation of single‐atom sites, which provides a novel platform for unraveling the active sites in Zn SACs for CO2 electroreduction and extends the synthesis of SACs with controllable coordination sites.
N‐Heterocyclic Olefins on a Metallic Surface – Adsorption, Orientation, and Electronic Influence
Authors: Landwehr Felix , Das Mowpriya , Tosoni Sergio , Navarro Juan J. , Das Ankita , Koy Maximilian , Heyde Markus , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Glorius Frank , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan
Published: June 2024

N‐Heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), possessing highly polarizable and remarkably electron‐rich double bonds, have been effectively utilized as exceptional anchors for surface modifications. Herein, the adsorption, orientation, and electronic properties of NHOs on a metal surface are investigated. On Cu(111), the sterically low‐demanding IMe‐NHO is compared to its analogous IMe‐NHC counterpart. High‐resolution electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (HREELS) measurements show for both molecules a flat‐lying ring adsorption configuration. While the NHC adopts a dimer configuration including a Cu adatom, the NHO chemisorbs over a C–Cu bond perpendicular to the surface. This distinct difference leads for the IMe‐NHOs to have a higher thermal stability on the surface. Moreover, IMe‐NHOs introduce a higher net electron transfer to the surface compared to the IMe‐NHCs, which results in a stronger effect on the work function. These results highlight the role of NHOs in surface science as they extend the functionalization capabilities of NHCs into stronger electronic modification.
Tunable Multicolor Emission and High Thermal Stability in Single‐Matrix Luminescent Crystals Based on Calcium Perovskites for Advanced Solid‐State Lighting Applications
Authors: Wang Hu , Pan Yuexiao , Ding Yihong , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun , Li Liyi
Published: June 2024

The development of environmentally friendly full‐inorganic luminescent materials with tunable emission properties and exceptional thermal stability is of paramount importance for applications in optoelectronic devices, solid‐state lighting, and anti‐counterfeiting technologies. In this study, a novel luminescent crystal based on calcium perovskites Cs2CaCl4·2H2O (CCCH) are explored using a hydrothermal method. Simultaneous co‐doping of CCCH with Sn2+ and Mn2+ yields the s‐p transition‐induced cyan light from Sn2+ and d‐d transition‐induced yellow light from Mn2+. It demonstrates effective energy transfer from self‐trapped exciton (STE) of matrix CCCH and s‐p transition of Sn2+ to Mn2+, synergizing composite white lights with tunable colors. Furthermore, the incorporation of Sn2+ into CCCH introduces a red shift from blue to cyan emission with a remarkable enhancement in luminescent intensity by a factor of 12 times. The crystal orbital Hamiltonian populations (─COHP) calculations revealed the crucial role of Mn2+ in lattice stability, as evidenced by the decomposition temperature exceeding 305 °C for CCCH:Sn2+,Mn2+ whereas 210 °C for undoped CCCH matrix. This research provides a comprehensive investigation of the luminescent properties of CCCH:Sn2+,Mn2+ crystal, holding significant promise for practical technological advancements in lighting and anti‐counterfeiting technologies.
1D Topological Interface States for Improving Optical Sensors
Authors: Lindenthal Jakob , Widulla Anton , Klembt Sebastian , Benduhn Johannes , Leo Karl
Published: June 2024

The field of compact optical microcavities has received significant research in the past decades, and a broad range of cavity‐based micromechanical sensors has been demonstrated. The present approach replaces the frequently employed, complex etched cantilever and membrane structures with a simple thin‐film system based on a compressible photonic microcavity to achieve pressure‐sensitive wavelength shifting of resonant modes. The effects of a topological dielectric mirror architecture on the light propagation in the system are extensively investigated. Topologically improved light‐matter interaction is experimentally demonstrated for systems where thin‐film devices are mounted on one side of the photonic cavity due to mechanical constraints. Coupled topological states are examined under the aspect of mode splitting and exhibit advantageous splitting tunability compared to non‐topological systems. The findings are complemented by the proposal of a simple spectral evaluation method allowing significant improvement in the precision of integrated Fabry‐Pérot sensors. The readout concept of the presented sensor allows a scalable improvement of the measurement precision by evaluating the resonant‐mode order in the deformable cavity. The experimental results and conceptual advancements provide pathways for significant improvements addressing the efficiency of light‐matter interaction in Fabry‐Pérot cavities and the readout precision of sensors incorporating thin‐film photodiodes in multimode photonic cavities.
A Photothermal/Catalytic Integrated Solar Evaporator for Stable Purification of High‐Concentration Dye Sewage
Authors: Zhang Aozhe , Kong Weiqian , Guo Ziyi , Wang Zubin , Xu Qun
Published: June 2024

Solar evaporators have demonstrated huge potential in sewage purification and clean water supply based on their cost‐effective and sustainable merits. However, it remains challenging to realize the stable purification of high‐concentration dye sewage over the long term. Here, by incorporating a heterojunction photocatalyst, a photothermal/catalytic integrated solar evaporator is conceived to stabilize the purification of high‐concentration dye sewage. It is composed of g‐C3N4@TiO2 heterojunction as the photocatalyst, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the photothermal materials, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) network as water transportation material. The high photocatalytic activity of heterojunction enables the g‐C3N4@TiO2/CNTs/PVA (CTCP) evaporator to photodegrade the accumulated dye molecules on its evaporation surface under light irradiation during purifying dye sewage. More remarkably, the integrated CTCP evaporator achieves a stable evaporation rate of 2.30 kg m−2 h−1 in 1 mg mL−1 RhB solution with continuous light irradiation for 100 h, exhibiting preeminent long‐term stability. With the capacities of long‐term stable and high‐rate purification of high‐concentration dye sewage, it is expected that this CTCP evaporator provides an effective alternative to treat high‐concentration dye sewage and has direct implications in engineering multifunctional solar evaporators for complex wastewater treatment.
Insight into the complex ammonia decomposition/oxidation kinetics in ammonia protonic ceramic fuel cells via elementary modeling
Authors: You Jiacheng , Chen Jiangping , Liu Shunli , Fang Huihuang , Zhong Fulan , Luo Yu , Jiang Lilong
Published: June 2024

The protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) can convert the chemical energy of fuel directly into electric power, with the advantages of high efficiency and alternative fuel range at intermediate temperatures. Ammonia has been regarded as a promising fuel for PCFCs due to its carbon‐free and hydrogen‐rich properties, high volumetric energy density and easy storage/transportation. However, the performance of ammonia PCFCs (NH3‐PCFCs) is far inferior to the hydrogen PCFCs (H2‐PCFCs) because of the sluggish and complex kinetics at anodes. In this study, we established an elementary reaction kinetic model for NH3‐PCFCs, investigated the effect of reaction parameters, anode components and reaction partition, and explored the coupling mechanism between the ammonia decomposition and electrochemical reaction. Importantly, the ammonia decomposition and electrochemical reaction can be flexibly regulated by adjusting anode parameters, then affecting the performance ratio of NH3‐PCFCs and H2‐PCFCs. The detailed rate‐determining steps were further identified by experimental and model analysis. Thus, the ammonia/hydrogen performance ratio of the cell can exceed 95% at 550°C after accelerating the ammonia decomposition reaction. Our work provides insights into the kinetics in NH3‐PCFCs for improving their performance with optimization.
Residual Stress‐Driven Non‐Euclidean Morphing in Origami Structures
Authors: Liang Zihe , Chai Sibo , Ding Qinyun , Xiao Kai , Liu Ke , Ma Jiayao , Ju Jaehyung
Published: June 2024

Morphing origami has numerous potential engineering applications owing to its intrinsic morphing features from 2D planes to 3D surfaces. However, the current 1D hinge deformation‐driven transformation of foldable origami with rigid or slightly deformable panels cannot achieve a 3D complex and large curvilinear morphing. Moreover, most active origami structures use thin hinges with soft materials on their creases, thus resulting in a lower load capability. This study proposes a novel origami morphing method demonstrating large free‐form surface morphing, such as Euclidean to non‐Euclidean surface morphing with shape‐locking. Tensorial anisotropic stress in origami panels is embedded during the extrusion‐based 3D printing of shape memory polymers. The extrusion‐based 3D printing of isotropic SMPs can produce tensorial anisotropic stress in origami panels during fabrication, which can realize significant non‐Euclidean surface morphing with multiple deformation modes. The connecting topology of the origami unit cells influences the global morphing behavior owing to the interaction of the deformation of adjacent panels. Non‐Euclidean morphing integrated with 4D printing can provide multimodal shape locking at material and structural levels.
Comparable relapse incidence after unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide versus conventional anti‐graft versus host disease prophylaxis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A study on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Ngoya Maud , Galimard Jacques‐Emmanuel , Labopin Myriam , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Kröger Nicolaus , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Schroeder Thomas , Burns David , Salmenniemi Urpu , Rambaldi Alessandro , Choi Goda , Peffault de Latour Régis , Vydra Jan , Sengeloev Henrik , Eder Matthias , Mielke Stephan , Forcade Edouard , Kulagin Alexander , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad
Published: June 2024

We compared relapse incidence (RI) post‐unrelated transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) versus no PTCy graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, in 7049 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in remission, 707 with PTCy, and 6342 without (No PTCy). The patients in the PTCy group were younger, 52.7 versus 56.6 years (p < .001). There were more 9/10 donors in the PTCy group, 33.8% versus 16.4% (p < .001), and more received myeloablative conditioning, 61.7% versus 50.2% (p < .001). In the No PTCy group, 87.7% of patients received in vivo T‐cell depletion. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment were lower in the PTCy versus No PTCy group, 93.8% and 80.9% versus 97.6% and 92.6% (p < .001). RI was not significantly different in the PTCy versus the No PTCy group, hazard ratio (HR) of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–1.37) (p = .31). Acute GVHD grades II–IV and III–IV, were significantly lower in the PTCy versus the No PTCy group, HR of 0.74 (95% CI 0.59–0.92, p = .007) and HR = 0.56 (95% CI 0.38–0.83, p = .004), as were total and extensive chronic GVHD, HRs of 0.5 (95% CI 0.41–0.62, p < .001) and HR = 0.31 (95% CI 0.22–0.42, p < .001). Non‐relapse mortality (NRM) was significantly lower with PTCy versus the No PTCy group, HR of 0.67 (95% CI 0.5–0.91, p = .007). GVHD‐free, relapse‐free survival (GRFS) was higher in the PTCy versus the No PTCy group, HR of 0.69 (95% CI 0.59–0.81, p = .001). Leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) did not differ between the groups. In summary, we observed comparable RI, OS, and LFS, significantly lower incidences of GVHD and NRM, and significantly higher GRFS in AML patients undergoing unrelated donor‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with PTCy versus No PTCy GVHD prophylaxis.
Distribution of COVID‐19 mitigation measures by industry and work arrangement—US blood donors, May 2021–December 2021
Authors: Shi Dallas S. , Rinsky Jessica L. , McDonald Emily , Shah Melisa M. , Groenewold Matthew R. , de Perio Marie A. , Feldstein Leora R. , Saydah Sharon , Haynes James M. , Spencer Bryan R. , Stramer Susan L. , McCullough Matthew , Jones Jefferson M. , Chiu Sophia K.
Published: June 2024

Objective

To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mitigation measures in workplaces of employed US blood donors by industry and work arrangement.

Methods

During May–December 2021, blood donors responded to a survey; we describe the distribution of reported workplace mitigation measures by industry and work arrangement, organized using the hierarchy of controls.

Results.

Of 53,433 respondents representing 21 industries, ventilation upgrades were reported by 4%–38% of respondents (overall: 20%); telework access ranged from 14%–80% (53% overall). Requiring masks (overall: 84%; range: 40%–94%), physical distancing (77%; 51%–86%), paid leave for illness (70%; 38%–87%), and encouraging vaccination (61%; 33%–80%) were common. Independent workers reported fewer mitigation measures than those in traditional employment settings.

Conclusions

Mitigation measures varied by industry and work arrangement. Some mitigation measures may be challenging to implement or irrelevant in certain industries, supporting the idea that mitigation is not a one‐size‐fits‐all strategy.

Policy Implications

Tailored strategies to mitigate workplace risks of disease transmission are vital. Strategies should rely on effective methods for identifying workplace controls (e.g., through the hierarchy of controls) and account for industry‐specific characteristics and workplace environments.
Novel Radical Cyclization Cascade for the Unified Synthesis of the Cedrane and Clovane Sesquiterpene Skeletons
Authors: Suzuki Takahiro , Yamashita Kotaro , Ikeda Wataru , Ikeuchi Kazutada , Tanino Keiji
Published: June 2024

Radical cyclization cascade reactions of epoxycyclohexanes possessing alkene and alkyne side chains have been achieved. Sequential 5‐ or 6‐exo‐trig/5‐exo‐dig reactions triggered by epoxide ring opening with Cp2TiCl were found to provide a useful unified synthetic method for generating the carbon skeletons of clovane and cedrane, two tricyclic sesquiterpenes. The factors responsible for the development of stereoselectivity during cyclization are also discussed.
Tumor misdiagnosis resulting in inappropriate use of biologics
Authors: Yoshiyasu Yuki , Krysinski Mason R. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Chen Philip G.
Published: June 2024

Key points

Unilateral or destructive sinonasal disease should raise suspicion for tumor.

Patients receiving biologic therapy for CRSwNP should be carefully selected.

Tissue diagnosis should be considered prior to starting biologics for nasal polyposis.
Predictability of European winter 2021/2022: Influence of La Niña and stratospheric polar vortex
Authors: McLean Peter , Bulmer Chris , Davies Paul , Dunstone Nick , Gordon Margaret , Ineson Sarah , Kelly Jason , Kettleborough Jamie , Knight Jeff , Lockwood Julia Florence , Scaife Adam A. , Smith Doug , Stringer Nicky , Walker Brent
Published: June 2024

The Northern Hemisphere winter of 2021/2022 exhibited a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) which led to largely mild and wet conditions for Northern Europe. A moderate La Niña in the tropical Pacific and a stronger than average stratospheric polar vortex together explained the observed anomalies over the winter. Winter 2021/2022 was well predicted in general by seasonal forecast systems. The ensemble mean indicated a positive winter NAO and the forecast spread of forecasts from the Met Office GloSea6 seasonal prediction system spanned the observed mean sea level pressure anomaly for the whole winter and the individual months. However, December showed the largest departure from the mean of the forecast which is consistent with evidence from previous work that early winter ENSO teleconnections are too weak in model predictions. Nevertheless, around one in four members captured the negative NAO pattern in December. The strong pressure gradient and positive NAO predicted for the latter part of the winter allowed successful warning of the possibility of above average storminess and strong winds which occurred in February 2022. This is potentially useful information for the energy sector who increasingly rely on wind power and the insurance industry for warning of storm damage.
Pelargonidin inhibits cell growth and promotes oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells
Authors: Yue Liwei , Li Ying , Luo Yuting , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Shi Yubo
Published: June 2024

Lung cancer has the worst prognosis with an average 5‐year survival rate of only 10%–20%. Lung cancer has the highest prevalence rate and a second most common cause of cancer‐associated mortalities worldwide. The present study was planned to explore the anticancer effects of pelargonidin against the lung cancer A549 cells via analyzing oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis. The viability of both control and pelargonidin‐treated A549 cells was analyzed using the MTT cytotoxicity assay at different time periods. The levels of endogenous ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptosis were assessed using corresponding fluorescent staining assays. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH, in the cell lysates of control and pelargonidin‐treated A549 cells were examined using the assay kits. The pelargonidin treatment substantially suppressed the A549 cell growth. Further, pelargonidin promoted the ROS production and depleted the Δψm levels in the A549 cells. The fluorescent staining assays witnessed the occurrence of increased apoptosis in the pelargonidin‐treated A549 cells. The pelargonidin also boosted the TBARS and reduced the antioxidant levels thereby promoted the oxidative stress‐regulated apoptosis in the A549 cells. In summary, the findings’ results of the current study demonstrated an anticancer activity of pelargonidin on A549 cells. The pelargonidin treatment substantially decreased the growth and encouraged the oxidative stress‐regulated apoptosis in A549 cells. Therefore, it was evident that the pelargonidin could be employed as an effective anticancer candidate to treat the lung cancer.
Current state of implementation of in silico tools in the biopharmaceutical industry—Proceedings of the 5th modeling workshop
Authors: Wittkopp Felix , Welsh John , Todd Robert , Staby Arne , Roush David , Lyall Jessica , Karkov Sophie , Hunt Stephen , Griesbach Jan , Bertran Maria‐Ona , Babi Deenesh
Published: June 2024

The fifth modeling workshop (5MW) was held in June 2023 at Favrholm, Denmark and sponsored by Recovery of Biological Products Conference Series. The goal of the workshop was to assemble modeling practitioners to review and discuss the current state, progress since the last fourth mini modeling workshop (4MMW), gaps and opportunities for development, deployment and maintenance of models in bioprocess applications. Areas of focus were four categories: biophysics and molecular modeling, mechanistic modeling, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and plant modeling. Highlights of the workshop included significant advancements in biophysical/molecular modeling to novel protein constructs, mechanistic models for filtration and initial forays into modeling of multiphase systems using CFD for a bioreactor and mapped strategically to cell line selection/facility fit. A significant impediment to more fully quantitative and calibrated models for biophysics is the lack of large, anonymized datasets. A potential solution would be the use of specific descriptors in a database that would allow for detailed analyzes without sharing proprietary information. Another gap identified was the lack of a consistent framework for use of models that are included or support a regulatory filing beyond the high‐level guidance in ICH Q8–Q11. One perspective is that modeling can be viewed as a component or precursor of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). Another outcome was alignment on a key definition for “mechanistic modeling.” Feedback from participants was that there was progression in all of the fields of modeling within scope of the conference. Some areas (e.g., biophysics and molecular modeling) have opportunities for significant research investment to realize full impact. However, the need for ongoing research and development for all model types does not preclude the application to support process development, manufacturing and use in regulatory filings. Analogous to ML and AI, given the current state of the four modeling types, a prospective investment in educating inter‐disciplinary subject matter experts (e.g., data science, chromatography) is essential to advancing the modeling community.
A biomimetic, triggered‐release micelle formulation of methotrexate and celastrol controls collagen‐induced arthritis in mice
Authors: Ren He , Wu Zewen , Li Jingxuan , Zhang Nan , Nah Coo Yee , Li Jiexin , Zhang Jingyu , Lovell Jonathan F. , Zhang Liyun , Zhang Yumiao
Published: June 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of articular cartilage and bone. RA is characterized by immune cell infiltration and abnormal proliferation of synoviocytes in the joints. Herein, we developed a biomimetic formulation via co‐loading the anti‐inflammatory agent Celastrol (Cel) along with the stabilizer Vitamin K (VK) in antirheumatic methotrexate (MTX)‐conjugated Pluronic F127 (F127) micelles. Micelles were then coated with B cell derived membrane, yielding MTX loaded Cel Micelle (CeViM)‐micelle@B, which were investigated for RA treatment. VK, used at levels well within safety margins, was identified as a carrier compound that could stabilize Cel within micelles, increasing the encapsulation efficiency of Cel. In addition, MTX, a front‐line RA therapeutic, was chemically grafted to F127 via a responsive linker sensitive to the chemically reducing environments. As such, CeViM‐micelle@B released pristine MTX in response to the intracellular reducing environments, which combined with Cel to suppress pro‐inflammatory responses. B cell membrane coating enhanced accumulation of CeViM‐micelle@B in joints, leading to a 75% decrease of inflammatory cytokine secretion in vitro, and significantly ameliorated cartilage and bone structures in the collagen‐induced arthritis murine model. Taken together, this biomimetic nanoparticle holds potential as a next‐generation targeted RA treatment.
‘I have to put my citizen's hat on’: Operational and societal mindsets to provide a new perspective on organisational decision‐making for sustainability
Authors: Meath Cristyn , Newey Lance , Griffiths Andrew
Published: June 2024

Managerial cognition research is becoming more prevalent in the corporate sustainability literature, providing insights as to how functioning of the mind impacts decision‐making. As we witness catastrophic decline of the planet's natural capital, entering the sixth wave of mass extinction, this study investigates decision‐making related to natural resource consumption through interviews with 32 decision‐makers in the construction/infrastructure and manufacturing industries. Drawing on mindset theory and interview data, we develop the concept of an operational mindset and a societal mindset. The study also identifies the occurrence of individuals switching between operational and societal mindsets when asked to consider the sustainability of key natural resources for the interviewees' organisations. While similarities exist with the prominent business case and paradoxical cognitive frames concept, a number of differences are identified by drawing on the foundations of mindset theory and extensive empirical research from its application in other business disciplines.
Understanding sexual homicide in Korea using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Kwon Hyeokjun , Lee Sanggyung , Georgoulis Hana , Beauregard Eric , Sea Jonghan
Published: June 2024

The current study was conducted to confirm the characteristics in sexual homicide and to explore variables that effectively differentiate sexual homicide and nonsexual homicide. Further, newer methods that have received attention in criminology, such as the machine learning method, were used to explore the ideal algorithm for classifying sexual homicide and patterns for sexual homicide in Korea. To do this, 542 homicide cases were analyzed utilizing eight algorithms, and the classification performance of each algorithm was analyzed along with the importance of variables. The results of the analysis revealed that the Naive Bayes, K‐Nearest Neighbors, and RF algorithms demonstrate good classification accuracy, and generally, factors such as relationships, marriage, planning, personal weapons, and overkill were identified as crucial variables that distinguish sexual homicide in Korea. In addition, the crime scene information of the crime occurring in the dark (at night) and body disposal were found to have high importance. The current study proposes ways to enhance the efficacy of crime investigation and advance the research on sexual homicides in Korea through a more scientific understanding of sexual homicide that has not been thoroughly explored domestically.
Unveiling the shadows: Investigating the interplay of stalking and sexual homicide—A case study
Authors: Stefanska Ewa , Longpré Nicholas
Published: June 2024

Stalking can be defined as a pattern of fixated, repeated, and unwanted behaviours. Stalking is not an isolated incident and was associated to sexual violence. While the relationship between sexual violence and stalking is scarcely explored, no studies have tested the relationship between stalking and sexual homicide, which both involves elements of obsession. The aim of this paper was to study the relationship between stalking and sexual homicide using an exploratory case study analysis of 7 males convicted for sexual homicide. Results revealed: (1) The presence of obsession prior to the homicide; (2) The victims were ex‐intimate partners or acquaintances; (3) The victims were followed several times prior to the index offence; (4) Stalking elements were not always considered by the authorities, which has led to an escalation of behaviours. This study expands our understanding between stalking and sexual violence, supporting the design of prevention and treatments.
Magnon Sensing of NO, NO2 and NH3 Gas Capture on CrSBr Monolayer
Authors: Rivero‐Carracedo Gonzalo , Rybakov Andrey , Baldoví José J.
Published: June 2024

Air pollution and greenhouse emissions are significant problems across various sectors, urging the need for advanced technologies to detect and capture harmful gases. In recent years, two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted increasing attention due to their large surface‐to‐volume ratio and reactivity. Herein, we investigate the potential of single‐layer CrSBr for gas sensing and capturing by means of first‐principles calculations. We explore the adsorption behaviour of different pollutant gases (H2S, NH3, NO, NO2, CO and CO2) on this 2D ferromagnet and the impact of intrinsic defects on its magnetic properties. Interestingly, we find that Br vacancies enhance the adsorption of NH3, NO and NO2 and induce a selective frequency shift on the magnon dispersion. This work motivates the creation of novel magnonic gas sensing devices based on 2D van der Waals magnetic materials.
Design and Synthesis of Novel β‐Carboline‐Bisindole Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thi Thanh , Phuc Ban Van , Huyen Tran Thi , Hong Tran Thi , Nguyen Hien , Nguyen Van Ha , Nguyen Minh Tho , Hung Tran Quang , Dinh Chau Phi , Dang Tuan Thanh
Published: June 2024

We are reporting a short and convenient pathway for the synthesis of novel β‐carboline‐bisindole hybrid compounds from relatively cheap and commercially available chemicals such as tryptamine, dialdehydes and indoles. These newly designed compounds can also be prepared in high yields with the tolerance of many functional groups under mild conditions. Notably, these β‐carboline‐bisindole hybrid compounds exhibited some promising applications as anticancer agents against the three common cancer cell lines MCF‐7 (breast cancer), SK‐LU‐1 (lung cancer), and HepG2 (liver cancer). The two best compounds 5 b and 5 g inhibited the aforementioned cell lines with the same IC50 range of the reference Ellipticine at less than 2 μM. A molecular docking study to gain more information about the interactions between the synthesized molecules and the kinase domain of the EGFR was performed. Therefore, this finding can have significant impacts on the development of future research in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Vardenafil Hydrochloride in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: He Sheng , Wu Xinyi , Zhang Wanggang , Wang Keli , Chen Yu , Zheng Zhibo , Zhang Ting , Chen Lili , Duan Qingqing , He Dongyuan , Wu Binbin
Published: June 2024

Vardenafil hydrochloride tablet is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5, primarily for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This postprandial study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of the test and reference formulations of vardenafil hydrochloride tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. An open, randomized, single‐center, single‐dose, 2‐period, 2‐sequence bioequivalence test was conducted on 66 healthy subjects under fed conditions. Subjects were randomly assigned to a 20‐mg test or reference formulation with a 7‐day washout period. Venous blood samples (4 mL) were collected from each subject 25 times spanning predose (0 hour) to 24 hours after dosing. The plasma concentration of vardenafil was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Sixty‐two volunteers completed the study. Under fed conditions, the maximum plasma concentration was 29.1 ng/mL, the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration was 85.3 ng•h/mL, and AUC from time 0 to infinity was 87.1 ng•h/mL. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of AUC time 0 to the time of the last measurable concentration and AUC from time 0 to infinity were within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 0.80‐1.25. The test formulation was a bioequivalent alternative to the reference formulation when taken under fed conditions in healthy Chinese subjects.
Exploring Favorable Supramolecular Interactions of Multifluorinated Aromatics in Dendronized Push‐Pull Chromophores for Electro‐Optics
Authors: Zou Jie , Zhang Di , Thi Quoc Huy , Chen Weilong , Xu Gan , Lu Zhenpin , Ly Thuc Hue , Luo Jingdong
Published: June 2024

Multifluorinated aromatics serve as supramolecular synthons in the research of organic electro‐optic (EO) materials by exploiting π‐π stacking interaction between the aromatic hydrocarbon and multifluorinated aromatic groups for performance improvement. However, non‐classical hydrogen bonding remains largely unexplored in fluorinated EO dendrimers. In this study, three Fréchet‐type generation 1 benzyl ether co‐dendrons were synthesized by replacing one benzyl group with 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzyl (p‐HF4Bz), pentafluorobenzyl (C6F5Bz), and 2,3,4,5‐tetrafluorobenzyl (o‐HF4Bz) groups, to afford the benzoic acid derivatives D1, D2, and D3, which were further bonded to the donor and π‐bridge moieties to afford three co‐dendronized push‐pull phenyltetraene chromophores EOD1, EOD2, and EOD3, respectively. The weak C−H⋅⋅⋅X (X=O, F) interactions in the crystal structure of D1 cumulatively add to the benzoic acid dimers to form an extended hydrogen‐bonded network, while D2 is crystallized into a centric one‐dimensional chain with strong intermolecular interactions. The poled films of EOD1 with PMMA exhibited the largest and most stable EO activity with optical homogeneity among the series. The results identify the effectiveness of weak but favorable hydrogen bonds enabled by the enhanced carbon acidity of p‐HF4Bz synthon in D1, over the interactions in D2 and D3, for the rational design of supramolecular EO dendrimers.
Establishment of a Four‐Cell In Vitro Blood‐Brain Barrier Model With Human Primary Brain Cells
Authors: Malik Johid R. , Modebelu Ukamaka O. , Fletcher Courtney V. , Podany Anthony T. , Scarsi Kimberly K. , Byrareddy Siddappa N. , Anand Robbyn K. , Buch Shilpa , Sil Susmia , Le Jennifer , Bradley John S. , Brown Ashley N. , Sutar Debapriya , Avedissian Sean N.
Published: June 2024

The blood‐brain barrier (BBB) constitutes a crucial protective anatomical layer with a microenvironment that tightly controls material transit. Constructing an in vitro BBB model to replicate in vivo features requires the sequential layering of constituent cell types. Maintaining heightened integrity in the observed tight junctions during both the establishment and post‐experiment phases is crucial to the success of these models. We have developed an in vitro BBB model that replicates the cellular composition and spatial orientation of in vivo BBB observed in humans. The experiment includes comprehensive procedures and steps aimed at enhancing the integration of the four‐cell model. Departing from conventional in vitro BBB models, our methodology eliminates the necessity for pre‐coated plates to facilitate cell adhesion, thereby improving cell visualization throughout the procedure. An in‐house coating strategy and a simple yet effective approach significantly reduce costs and provides superior imaging of cells and corresponding tight junction protein expression. Also, our BBB model includes all four primary cell types that are structural parts of the human BBB. With its innovative and user‐friendly features, our in‐house optimized in vitro four‐cell‐based BBB model showcases novel methodology and provides a promising experimental platform for drug screening processes. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Coating and culture system

Basic Protocol 2: Cell seeding and Transwell insert handling

Basic Protocol 3: Assessment of model functionality