bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment effect of head extension by cervical collar on moderate obstructive sleep apnea–A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Delijaj Florim , Lindhagen Lars , Johnsson Linus , Kristiansson Per , Lindberg Eva
Published: January 2025

As available treatments in obstructive sleep apnea are all associated with side‐effects or adherence problems, there is a need for alternative treatment options. In this randomized, open, parallel‐group intervention study, the effect of head extension by cervical collar was evaluated in patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea. One‐hundred patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (apneas and hypopneas per estimated hours asleep = respiratory events index: 15–30) were randomized to either lifestyle intervention, or cervical collar in combination with lifestyle intervention. Both groups received lifestyle advice. In addition, the treatment group was treated with a cervical collar, which allows adjustment of head extension, during sleep. Assessment with questionnaires and polygraphy were performed at baseline and after 6 ± 2 weeks. A linear regression model was used to assess a total effect on respiratory events index, which was the primary endpoint. In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, the cervical collar in combination with lifestyle intervention group decreased their respiratory events index (p = 0.008) and oxygen desaturation index (p = 0.008) more than the lifestyle intervention group, with a mean difference of −4.5 and −4.3, respectively. In the sub‐analysis, there was a clear effect on respiratory events index in the supine position (mean difference between the groups −9.1, p = 0.018) but not on non‐supine apnea–hypopnea index (−2.3, p = 0.17). We conclude that head extension by cervical collar during sleep resulted in improved respiratory events index and oxygen desaturation index values in patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Cervical collar can be a second‐line treatment option in this group, especially in positional obstructive sleep apnea.
Long‐Term Outcome of Chronic Hepatitis B—Histological Score and Viral Genotype Are Important Predictors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Eilard Anders , Ringlander Johan , Andersson Maria E. , Nilsson Staffan , Norkrans Gunnar , Lindh Magnus
Published: January 2025

Current guidelines to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are based on risk assessments that include age, sex, and virological and biochemical parameters. The study aim was to investigate the impact of predictive markers on long‐term outcomes. The clinical outcomes of 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B were investigated 30 years after a baseline assessment that included liver biopsy. A favourable outcome—HBsAg loss or HBeAg‐negative infection (ENI; previously termed ‘inactive carrier’)—was observed in 74% of all patients, whereas 7% developed HCC. HBsAg loss was observed in 75% of patients with genotype A, compared with 42%, 33% and 0% with genotypes D, B and C, respectively (p < 0.0001). HCC developed in 3 patients (33%) with genotype C as compared with 3 (17%), 1 (2%) and 0 patients with genotypes B, D and A, respectively (p < 0.0001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, both HBsAg loss and HCC were associated with HBV genotype and baseline HBV DNA level, and HCC also with histological score. The results suggest that genotyping and histological assessment may improve outcome prediction and help decisions about HCC screening, particularly in populations with HBV‐infected individuals of mixed geographic origin.
Shell abandonment by a hermit crab is an effective antipredator behavior against a portunid crab
Authors: Harada M. , Yoshino K. , Koga T.
Published: January 2025

When hermit crabs recognize the risk of predation, they generally hide inside their shells or flee from the area, and little is known about their escape behaviors after being captured by a predator. We discovered that the hermit crab Pagurus filholi abandons its shell and attempts to flee when captured by the predatory crab Charybdis japonica, and we examined the effectiveness of this behavior in laboratory experiments. We fed captive C. japonica with P. filholi occupying gastropod shells. When the C. japonica could not break the shell even a little, it gave up and the P. filholi neither abandoned its shell nor was eaten. However, when the predator succeeded in partially breaking the shell, the hermit crab often abandoned the shell, and when it did so, it often survived. Once the predator had completely broken the shell open (implying that the shell has been broken to the extent that it no longer has any structural integrity), all hermit crabs that remained back in the shell (22/22) were consumed, and those that abandoned the shell were also often consumed (3/5). Therefore, hermit crabs do not need to abandon their shells if a predator is unable to break the shell even slightly, but if a predator begins to break the shell, they have a better chance of survival if they abandon their shells at an early stage.
A randomised feasibility trial comparing group and individual format GROUPS FOR HEALTH interventions for loneliness in people who experience psychosis
Authors: Hogg Lorna I. , Smith Laura G. E. , Haslam Catherine , Coxhill Lyndsay , Kurz Tim , Hobden Georgina , Morrison Anthony P.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Loneliness in people who experience psychosis is common and associated with poor mental health. In this randomised trial, we tested the feasibility and acceptability of an adapted Groups for Health (G4H) intervention for loneliness, delivered in group or individual format.

Design

Mixed methods, two‐arm feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Methods

Forty individuals who self‐identified as having psychosis were recruited from UK mental health care services, recovery colleges and charities. G4H was modified for people with psychosis, with participants randomised to receive the intervention delivered via group (N = 20) or individual (N = 20) format. The primary outcomes related to trial acceptability and feasibility. Exploratory repeated measures ANOVAs and t‐tests evaluated differences between formats over time in loneliness, wellbeing and possible mechanisms of change including social identification, identity integration and perceived in‐group and out‐group empathy. Measures were completed at baseline, end of treatment and 1‐ and 6‐month follow‐up.

Results

Recruitment, retention and trial acceptability ratings for both group and individual formats of G4H were acceptable to good. No participants reported experiencing a serious adverse event. Exploratory ANOVAs indicated no differences related to format but positive change in key variables of loneliness, wellbeing, social identification and identity integration over time. T‐tests for loneliness indicated that this change was step‐wise from baseline, through end of treatment to 1‐month follow‐up.

Conclusions

G4H is a feasible intervention for people with psychosis who identify as lonely and it can be delivered in either group or individual formats. This feasibility trial provides support for a future full randomised controlled trial.
Orthodontic Treatment of Patients With Disabilities in Norway: A Survey Among Orthodontists
Authors: Arntsen Torill , Axelsson Stefan , Sun Yi‐Qian , Nordgarden Hilde , Vandevska‐Radunovic Vaska
Published: January 2025

Aim

The objective of this study was to examine orthodontic treatment of patients with disabilities in Norway, as perceived by orthodontists.

Methods and Results

A digital questionnaire was sent out to the 220 registered members of the Norwegian Orthodontic Society and a response rate of 41% (n = 90) was achieved. The majority (92%) had received referrals for patients with disabilities, 53% reported treating up to 10 patients, while 37% reported treating up to 50 patients in the last 5 years. Most of the participants (64%) showed a willingness to treat more patients with disabilities, with this interest significantly and conversely linked to years in practice (p = 0.02, chi‐squared test). Orthodontists desire more referrals to increase patient intake, and also financial incentives play a relevant role in this context. Regarding the preferred location for orthodontic treatment for patients with disabilities, 34% prefer treatment in specialized centers rather than the current setup in optional private practices. An association exists between this perspective and the readiness to treat additional patients (p = 0.009)

Conclusion

Most orthodontists in Norway have treated patients with disabilities. Among the surveyed orthodontists, a notable 64% expressed a positive inclination toward treating more patients with disabilities or initiate such services. To enhance their acceptance of these patients, it seems crucial to increase referrals and provide improved financial incentives.
Dropping gems: How a critical community of practice supported science teacher leaders to develop resources for anti‐racist science teaching
Authors: Porter Sara C. , Worsley Ti'Era D.
Published: January 2025

Addressing systemic racism in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is essential to improving science education for students of Color. In this article, we argue that science teacher leaders (STLs) are one mechanism to address this need. However, they likely need access to resources and information to address the multiple needs of science teachers when tasked with addressing issues of racism in STEM. We operationalized STLs who seek out these resources as critical boundary spanners and designed a professional learning program to support their work. We used design‐based research methods to test the conjecture that a critical community of practice will support STLs as critical boundary spanners. We found that three key features of the professional learning program supported the STLs as critical boundary spanners: collectively defining anti‐racist science teaching, modeled facilitation of anti‐racist science activities, and sharing their learning with other STLs and science teachers. These findings contribute valuable insights into the support structures needed for STLs engaged in the vital work of advancing racial justice in science education.
Approach to autologous stem cell transplantation in a patient with severe cold agglutinin disease, a case report
Authors: Castonguay Mathias , Bernard Léa , Corriveau Marylène , Castonguay Anik , Quenneville Geneviève , Cohen Sandra , Lachance Sylvie , Ahmad Imran , Cournoyer Isabelle , Kiss Thomas , Fleury Isabelle , Mollica Luigina , Roy Denis‐Claude , Roy Jean , Sauvageau Guy , Veilleux Olivier , Giroux Martin , Delisle Jean‐Sébastien , Boileau Mélissa
Published: January 2025

Background

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) or syndrome (CAS) can be particularly challenging when autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is needed. Standard peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection and manipulation involve ex vivo blood manipulations at lower than body temperature, predisposing to agglutination during graft collection, handling, processing, and infusion.

Study Design and Methods

We describe the first case of ASCT for relapsing lymphoma in a patient with high‐titer CAD requiring anti‐complement therapy and chronic transfusion. To prevent agglutination, five therapeutic plasma exchange sessions were performed prior to PBSC collection. Optimal thermal conditions were maintained using various approaches to increase the temperature of the room, venous return lines, and the apheresis device. Ex vivo graft manipulation was conducted under similar conditions. An infusion test was performed with a fraction of the graft a month prior to ASCT to confirm tolerability.

Results

The infusion test was performed without complications. A month later, the patient was admitted for ASCT. The aplasia phase was particularly challenging, as the patient experienced a rapid drop in hemoglobin levels due to hemolysis without compensatory reticulocytosis. Twelve months after ASCT, chronic hemolysis persists, but the patient is now transfusion‐free, and the lymphoma remains in remission.

Discussion

Performing ASCT in patients with clinically significant CAS or CAD is challenging but can be done safely. Strong coordination between the apheresis team, cell therapy laboratory, and clinical unit is paramount to the success of this procedure. The experience gained from this case may also be applicable to other cell therapy procedures.
Study on the Preparation of High Intrinsic Conductivity Perovskite Li0.33La0.56TiO3 Solid-State Electrolyte by Systematic Process Optimization
Authors: Jiang Binxuan , Yuan Jiale , Li Yueming , Kwame Yadzo Emmanuel , He Mengzhen , Guo Xu
Published: January 2025

Li0.33La0.56TiO3 (LLTO) perovskite-type solid-state electrolyte is one of the solid-state electrolytes, which is expected to achieve industrial production. However, research focused on a single factor and the simplification of the preparation process constrained the bulk conductivity of LLTO. This study systematically investigated the influence of process parameters on the intrinsic conductivity of perovskite-type solid-state electrolytes, focusing on pre-sintering temperature, lithium compensation, and sintering temperature, which are important processes for LLTO. The experimental results show that the optimization of process parameters can promote grain growth to a certain extent, increase the uniformity of grain size, and promote the densification of materials, and a certain degree of lithium compensation can effectively suppress the formation of secondary phases caused by lithium deficiency, thereby improving the intrinsic conductivity of the material. Among them, the material prepared under the conditions of a lithium compensation amount of 20 wt%, a pre-sintering temperature of 800 °C, and a sintering temperature of 1300 °C showed the highest bulk conductivity of 3.41 mS/cm at 50 °C, the highest bulk density of material reaching 4.95 g/cm3, which is 98.78% of the relative bulk density of LLTO solid-state electrolyte, and the lowest conductivity activation energy of 0.24 eV for the sample.
Isometric Back Extensor Endurance and Chronic Low Back Pain in University Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ansari Sumbul , Sharma Saurabh
Published: January 2025

Context: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common problem among university athletes, negatively affecting their performance and overall health. Deconditioned back muscles due to CLBP can reduce endurance. However, there is limited research on CLBP in university athletes, especially comparing those with and without the condition. Additionally, the connection between back muscle endurance and CLBP in university athletes is unclear, and there is insufficient data on normal levels of back muscle endurance. The present study aimed to establish normal back extensor muscle endurance values in university athletes, both with and without CLBP, and to investigate the link between back extensor endurance and CLBP. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 90 university-level athletes (45 with CLBP and 45 without CLBP; age: 18–30 y). Athletes underwent assessments on demographics, sports, and CLBP-related factors, as well as the Sorensen test. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to the obtained data. Results: Results showed a significant difference (P < .001) in Sorensen test holding duration between athletes with and without CLBP. The correlation analysis revealed a significant association (r = −.79, P = .02) between Sorensen test time and CLBP. Conclusions: University athletes with CLBP exhibit lesser back extensor endurance than those without CLBP. There is a significant association between CLBP and Sorensen test hold time. The study’s implications include using the Sorensen test for CLBP prediction and tracking therapeutic advancements in clinical practice.
Engaging the Community in Interventions Designed to Promote Physical Activity in Preschool-Age Children
Authors: Alhassan Sofiya , Aljizani Firas , Hornuvo Ruby , Joseph Timothy
Published: January 2025

Community-based study designs have been utilized in several settings, including preschool settings, to improve health outcomes such as physical activity in preschool-age children. This essay describes my perspective on how I (first author) engage and maintain community partners (i.e., preschool centers) in designing and implementing physical activity interventions set in the preschool center. I will also highlight the importance of interdisciplinary research teams and the key elements of establishing a long-term partnership with community partners.
The Association Between Physical Activity and Markers of Obesity in Children Living With Obesity
Authors: Santos Eliete Samara Batista dos , Medeiros Iluska Almeida Carneiro Martins de , Oliveira Mayara Sanay da Silva , Cureau Felipe Vogt , Mortatti Arnaldo Luis , Santos Oliveira Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the association between the volume and intensity of accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) and markers of obesity. Method: Forty-seven children (20 girls) took part in this investigation. Children wore accelerometers on their nondominant wrists for 7 days. PA was expressed as average acceleration (AvAcc, proxy of PA volume), intensity gradient (IG, distribution of intensity across the 24-h profile), and the acceleration of the most active 5 to 120 minutes of the day (MX, where X = 5–120). Markers of obesity used were body mass index (BMI), BMI z score, obesity severity as the BMI percentage of the 95th percentile, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. Results: AvAcc and IG of the sample were 37.3 (11.2) and −2.19 (0.16), respectively. The standardized coefficients indicated that increases in 1 standard deviation of IG (0.2 for the present sample) were associated with a decrease of BMI (−2.3; 95% CI, −4.13 to −0.39 kg/m2), obesity severity as the BMI percentage of the 95th percentile (−9.9; 95% CI, −18.78 to −0.91), body fat percentage (−3.6; 95% CI, −6.68 to −0.57%), and waist-to-hip ratio (−0.02; 95% CI, −0.04 to −0.00) independent of AvAcc. No associations were found for AvAcc and obesity markers when controlling for IG. Conclusion: Children with obesity perform little PA. The distribution of PA intensity may be important for improving BMI, obesity severity as the BMI percentage of the 95th percentile, body fat percentage, and waist-to-hip ratio.
Spermidine enhances the heat tolerance of
Ganoderma lucidum
by promoting mitochondrial respiration driven by fatty acid β-oxidation
Authors: Han Xiaofei , Wang Zi , Shi Lingyan , Wei Ziyang , Shangguan Jiaolei , Shi Liang , Zhao Mingwen
Published: January 2025

High temperature is an unavoidable environmental stress that generally exerts detrimental effects on organisms and has widespread effects on metabolism. Spermidine is an important member of the polyamines family and is involved in a range of abiotic stress responses in plants. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular homeostasis and are key components of the stress response. Our results indicated that mitochondrial respiratory intensity increased by 80% in wild-type (WT) under heat stress, but the activities of key enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly reduced upon the knockdown of the spermidine synthase gene (
spdS
). Furthermore, the content of mitochondrial pyruvate decreased by 36.1%, whereas the levels of free fatty acid increased by 28.8% under heat stress. Upon
spdS
knockdown, the content of mitochondrial pyruvate was similar to that in the WT, but the medium-chain fatty acid (C6:0) decreased by 68.6%–84.2%, whereas the long-chain fatty acid (C18:2) marginally increased. Subsequent studies demonstrated that spermidine promoted the translation of long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP, also known as HADH), thereby enhancing fatty acid β-oxidation under heat stress. In conclusion, spermidine enhances key TCA cycle and ETC enzyme activities and is involved in heat stress-induced fatty acid β-oxidation by promoting the translation of LCAD and HADH, thereby improving the heat tolerance of
Ganoderma lucidum
.

IMPORTANCE

Polyamines are stress-responsive molecules that enhance the tolerance of plants to multiple abiotic stresses by regulating a variety of biological processes. Our previous research indicated that heat stress induces the the biosynthesis of polyamines and promotes the conversion of putrescine to spermidine in
G. lucidum
, but the physiological role of elevated spermidine levels is yet to be elucidated. In this study, our findings demonstrated that spermidine enhances the heat tolerance in
G. lucidum
and that mitochondrial respiration is essential for spermidine-enhanced heat tolerance. This study elucidated a preliminary mechanism by which spermidine enhances heat tolerance of
G. lucidum
and provided a new insight into the understanding of how microorganisms resist heat stress.
Update on the evolving landscape of pneumococcal capsule types: new discoveries and way forward
Authors: Ganaie Feroze A. , Beall Bernard W. , Yu Jigui , van der Linden Mark , McGee Lesley , Satzke Catherine , Manna Sam , Lo Stephanie W. , Bentley Stephen D. , Ravenscroft Neil , Nahm Moon H.
Published: January 2025

Streptococcus pneumoniae
(the “pneumococcus”) is a significant human pathogen. The key determinant of pneumococcal fitness and virulence is its ability to produce a protective polysaccharide (PS) capsule, and anti-capsule antibodies mediate serotype-specific opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria. Notably, immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has effectively reduced the burden of disease caused by serotypes included in vaccines but has also spurred a relative upsurge in the prevalence of non-vaccine serotypes. Recent advancements in serotyping and bioinformatics surveillance tools coupled with high-resolution analytical techniques have enabled the discovery of numerous new capsule types, thereby providing a fresh perspective on the dynamic pneumococcal landscape. This review offers insights into the current pneumococcal seroepidemiology highlighting important serotype shifts in different global regions in the PCV era. It also comprehensively summarizes newly discovered serotypes from 2007 to 2024, alongside updates on revised chemical structures and the de-novo determinations of structures for previously known serotypes. Furthermore, we spotlight emerging evidence on non-pneumococcal Mitis-group strains that express capsular PS that are serologically and biochemically related to the pneumococcal capsule types. We further discuss the implications of these recent findings on capsule nomenclature, pneumococcal carriage detection, and future PCV design. The review maps out the current status and also outlines the course for future research and vaccine strategies, ensuring a continued effective response to the evolving pneumococcal challenge.
A comprehensive review of current insights into the virulence factors of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wang Yi , Xia Bingqing , Gao Zhaobing
Published: January 2025

The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity has been a major focus of attention. However, the determinants of pathogenicity are still unclear. Various hypotheses have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the evolution of viral pathogenicity, but a definitive conclusion has yet to be reached. Here, we review the potential impact of all proteins in SARS-CoV-2 on the viral pathogenic process and analyze the effects of their mutations on pathogenicity evolution. We aim to summarize which virus-encoded proteins are crucial in influencing viral pathogenicity, defined as disease severity following infection. Mutations in these key proteins, which are the virulence factors in SARS-CoV-2, may be the driving forces behind the evolution of viral pathogenicity. Mutations in the S protein can impact viral entry and fusogenicity. Mutations in proteins such as NSP2, NSP5, NSP14, and ORF7a can alter the virus’s ability to suppress host protein synthesis and innate immunity. Mutations in NSP3, NSP4, NSP6, N protein, NSP5, and NSP12 may alter viral replication efficiency. The combined effects of mutations in the S protein and NSP6 can significantly reduce viral replication. In addition, various viral proteins, including ORF3a, ORF8, NSP4, Spike protein, N protein, and E protein, directly participate in the inflammatory process. Mutations in these proteins can modulate the levels of inflammation following infection. Collectively, these viral protein mutations can influence SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity by impacting viral immune evasion, replication capacity, and the level of inflammation mediated by infection. In conclusion, the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity is likely determined by multiple virulence factors.
Cells that survive acute SARS-CoV-2 infection contribute to inflammation and lung regeneration in mice
Authors: Pan Ruangang , Meyerholz David K. , Perlman Stanley
Published: January 2025

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 involves several organs, but its basis remains poorly understood. Some infected cells in mice survive the acute infection and persist for extended periods in the respiratory tract but not in other tissues. Here, we describe two experimental models of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to assess the effect of viral virulence on previously infected cells. Both approaches use lineage tracking of previously infected cells. In mice infected with a highly pathogenic mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, alveolar type 2 cells (AT2) but not alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells survived the acute infection. These cells became activated, differentiated into an AT2-to-AT1 transitional cell state (KRT8
+
pre-alveolar type 1 transitional cell state). Additionally, nearby uninfected AT2 cells upregulated the transitional marker KRT8, thereby contributing to lung regeneration. In mice sensitized to infection by transduction with Ad5-hACE2, the infection is nonlethal, and AT1 cells survived the infection. Consequently, recovery in these mice was more rapid. Taken together, these results provide an explanation for how SARS-CoV-2 virulence contributes to poor outcomes and affects clinical recovery and lung regeneration. We also identified a new mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 impacts lung recovery, even at times when infectious virus cannot be detected.

IMPORTANCE

A major consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic is that many survivors have long-term sequelae, which are not well understood. These involve many organs, with the respiratory tract being a common site of long-term effects. Many of these sequelae can be found in mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, we have focused on the lungs, with particular interest in the fate and role of cells that were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and survived the acute infection. We found that some infected cells survive acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and that these surviving cells both contribute to the immune response in the lungs and are involved in lung recovery. These findings illustrate previously unexplored aspects of recovery from SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia and may be relevant for understanding aspects of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
Identification of intestinal mediators of
Caenorhabditis elegans
DBL-1/BMP immune signaling shaping gut microbiome composition
Authors: Kim Dan , Trang Kenneth , Pees Barbara , Karimzadegan Siavash , Bodkhe Rahul , Hammond Sabrina , Shapira Michael
Published: January 2025

The composition of the gut microbiome is determined by a complex interplay of diet, host genetics, microbe-microbe interactions, abiotic factors, and stochasticity. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of host genetics in community assembly of the
Caenorhabditis elegans
gut microbiome and identified a central role for DBL-1/BMP immune signaling in determining the abundance of gut
Enterobacteriaceae
. However, the effects of DBL-1 signaling on gut bacteria were found to depend on its activation in extra-intestinal tissues, highlighting a gap in our understanding of the proximal factors that determine microbiome composition. In the present study, we used RNA-seq gene expression analysis of wildtype,
dbl-1
and
sma-3
mutants, and
dbl-1
over-expressors to identify candidate DBL-1/BMP targets that may mediate the pathway’s effects on gut commensals. Bacterial colonization experiments in mutants, or following RNAi-mediated knock-down of candidate genes specifically in the intestine, demonstrated their local contribution to intestinal control of
Enterobacteriaceae
abundance. Furthermore, epistasis analysis suggested that these contributions were downstream of the DBL-1 pathway, together suggesting that examined candidates were intestinal effectors and mediators of DBL-1 signaling, contributing to the shaping of gut microbiome composition.

IMPORTANCE

Compared to the roles of diet, environmental availability, or lifestyle in determining gut microbiome composition, that of genetic factors is the least understood and often underestimated. The identification of intestinal effectors of distinct molecular functions that control enteric bacteria offers a glimpse into the genetic logic of microbiome control as well as a list of targets for future exploration of this logic.
Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of the emerging pathogen
Shewanella algae
from enrichment of coastal seawater, sediment, and algae at St. John’s Island, Singapore
Authors: Ho Jia Yee , Hu Dalong , Case Rebecca J. , Boucher Yann F.
Published: January 2025

Coastal water, sediment, and algae samples were collected from St. John’s Island, Singapore, and enriched in either broth or agar. Metagenomic sequencing was carried out on DNA from these enrichments and analyzed. A total of 29 metagenome-assembled genomes had been successfully asserted to be a close representation of
Shewanella algae
.
Genome sequence of
Equine Erythroparvovirus 1
, identified in the United States
Authors: Yu Y. Tina , Olarte Castillo Ximena , Reboul Guillaume , Zehr Jordan , Sun Yining , Anderson Renee , Wang Minghui , Sun Qi , Tallmadge Rebecca , Sams Kelly , Brown Joel , Marra Nicholas , Stanhope Bryce , Grenier Jennifer , Parrish Colin R. , Pusterla Nicola , Divers Thomas , Mittel Linda , Goodman Laura B.
Published: January 2025

Equine Erythroparvovirus 1
is a parvovirus that was identified in the blood of four horses in the United States. Here, we report one genome from a horse in New York State. This genome may represent a new species within the genus
Erythroparvovirus
.
Complete genome sequence of
Bradyrhizobium lupini
LLZ14, a nitrogen-fixing and plant growth-promoting bacterium
Authors: Chaddad Zohra , Bouhnik Omar , Lamrabet Mouad , Alami Soufiane , Missbah El Idrissi Mustapha
Published: January 2025

In this study, we present the complete genome of
Bradyrhizobium lupini
LLZ14, a nodule-forming bacterium isolated from
Lupinus luteus
root nodules with high plant growth-promoting abilities. This genome contains genes predicted to be involved in plant stress tolerance and growth promotion, including auxin production, phosphatase, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase.
Genome sequence of
Providencia rettgeri
ZAPR22R, isolated from calla lily in China
Authors: Jiang Yin , Zeng Zhen , Wang Zengxian , Wang Yi , Gou Rongxin , Huang Xiaorong , Lu Yushan , Zhang Guojun , Wei Zunzheng
Published: January 2025

Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
Providencia rettgeri
strain ZAPR22R, isolated from the petiole and tuber of calla lily (
Zantedeschia hybrida
), infected with soft rot. The genome consists of a single chromosome (4,528,722 bp) with a G+C content of 41.1%.
Virus-like particle-based vaccines targeting the
Anopheles
mosquito salivary protein TRIO
Authors: Francian Alexandra , Flores-Garcia Yevel , Powell John R. , Petrovsky Nikolai , Zavala Fidel , Chackerian Bryce
Published: January 2025

Malaria is a highly lethal infectious disease caused by
Plasmodium
parasites. These parasites are transmitted to vertebrate hosts when mosquitoes of the
Anopheles
genus probe for a blood meal. Sporozoites, the infectious stage of
Plasmodium
, transit to the liver within hours of injection into the dermis. Vaccine efforts are hindered by the complexity of the parasite’s lifecycle and the speed at which the infection is established in the liver. In an effort to enhance immunity against
Plasmodium
, we produced a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine displaying an epitope of TRIO, an
Anopheles
salivary protein that has been shown to enhance mobility and dispersal of sporozoites in the dermis. Previous work demonstrated that passive immunization with TRIO offered protection from liver infection and acted synergistically with a
Plasmodium
-targeted vaccine. Immunization of mice with TRIO VLPs resulted in high-titer and long-lasting antibody responses that did not significantly drop for over 18 months post-immunization. TRIO VLPs were similarly immunogenic when combined with an anti-malaria vaccine targeting the L9 epitope of the
Plasmodium falciparum
circumsporozoite protein. However, when used in a malaria challenge mouse model, TRIO VLPs only provided modest protection from infection and did not boost the protection provided by L9 VLPs.

IMPORTANCE

Proteins present in the salivary glands of mosquitos have been shown to enhance the transmission efficiency of mosquito-borne pathogens, suggesting that interventions targeting the activity of these proteins could reduce transmission. Here, we looked at the efficacy of a vaccine targeting TRIO, an
Anopheles
mosquito salivary protein that has been reported to enhance
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria infection. We show that this vaccine can elicit strong anti-TRIO antibody responses, but these antibodies only result in a modest decrease in infection.
Pentraxin-3 as a novel prognostic biomarker in non-neutropenic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis patients
Authors: Sun Chao , Cai Xiaomin , Zhong Huanhuan , Lu Yajie , Li Yuanyuan , Cai Yuchen , Wang Yujie , Zhao Tingting , Cao Min , Wang Li , Feng Chunlai , Sun Wenkui , Chen Cheng , Tao Yujian , Ma Guoer , He Binchan , Wang Xinyu , Zhong Jinjin , Lu Xin , Li Yuanqin , Su Xin
Published: January 2025

The incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-neutropenic patients is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and risk factors for mortality in non-neutropenic IPA patients. We conducted a prospective, multicenter study from August 2020 to February 2024, enrolling 565 patients with suspected IPA. The study cohort comprised 195 IPA (non-neutropenic) cases and 370 non-IPA cases. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were collected to measure pentraxin-3 (PTX3) levels. Additionally, demographic data, clinical characteristics, and antifungal therapy of each patient were recorded. We analyzed factors associated with 30- and 90-day mortality. IPA patients exhibited higher mortality rates compared to non-IPA patients, with 30-day rates of 26.15% versus 8.38% (
P
< 0.001) and 90-day rates of 34.36% versus 13.24% (
P
< 0.001). Higher plasma and BALF PTX3 levels were associated with poor prognosis in IPA patients. ROC curve analysis identified optimal PTX3 thresholds of 4.29 ng/mL in BALF (sensitivity, 67.1%; specificity, 81.4%) and 7.11 ng/mL in plasma (sensitivity, 73.4%; specificity, 82.8%) for predicting mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed PTX3 levels in plasma (hazard ratio [HR] 3.87, 95%CI [1.87–8.00],
P
＜0.001) and BALF (HR 2.40 [1.19–4.84],
P
= 0.014) were independent prognostic factors for IPA mortality. Additionally, positive galactomannan test results in both BALF and plasma were initially correlated with increased mortality in IPA patients. However, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, this correlation no longer remained statistically significant. In conclusion, PTX3 is a promising prognostic biomarker of mortality in IPA patients.

IMPORTANCE

Studies have confirmed the value of pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), yet its prognostic significance in IPA remains unclear. This study found that in non-neutropenic IPA patients, plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of PTX3 are independently associated with poor outcomes. Furthermore, the optimal cutoff values of PTX3 for predicting a poor prognosis of IPA are 4.29 ng/mL in BALF and 7.11 ng/mL in plasma. These findings could help us better manage IPA in non-neutropenic patients, potentially enhancing the prognosis of patients with this condition.
Erratum to: Relationship between Respiration Rate and Body Weight in Arctic Copepods at Subzero Temperature
Authors: Arashkevich E. G. , Drits A. V. , Pasternak A. F. , Frenkel S. E. , Karmanov V. A.
Published: January 2025

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437024060018
An observational study evaluating the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) compared to a combination of indoor residual spraying (IRS) plus standard pyrethroid-only ITNs in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019–2023
Authors: Davis Kelly M , Worku Amha , Balkew Meshesha , Mumba Peter , Chibsa Sheleme , Tongren Jon Eric , Assefa Gudissa , Sisay Achamyelesh , Teshome Dawit , Tegegne Banchamlak , Worku Mastewal , Yimer Mulat , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Yoshimizu Melissa , Zohdy Sarah , Swamidoss Isabel , Mapp Carla , Hwang Jimee , Inouye Wendy , Seyoum Aklilu , Flatley Cecilia , Hilton Emily R , Dengela Dereje , Burnett Sarah M
Published: January 2025

Introduction

National malaria programmes must weigh the relative benefits of different vector control and elimination tools to prioritise resource allocation with the greatest impact. This study assesses the epidemiological and entomological impacts of piperonyl butoxide insecticide-treated nets (PBO ITN-only arm) compared with the combination of two annual non-pyrethroid indoor residual spraying (IRS) campaigns and standard pyrethroid ITNs (IRS+Standard Pyrethroid ITN arm) in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.

Methods

An open-label, stratified block-cluster randomised trial was designed to compare the impacts of the two intervention arms. ITN distribution took place from June to July 2021. IRS campaigns took place from June to July 2021 and again in June 2022. Confirmed malaria cases reported during the high transmission season (September to December) were compared in the 2 years before (2019 and 2020) vs the 2 years after (2021 and 2022) the 2021 campaigns. The difference inAn. gambiaes.l. vector density per trap and indoor resting density (IRD) was assessed between the two arms during the high transmission seasons 2 years after the 2021 campaigns.

Results

Estimated malaria cases decreased significantly by 53.6% in the postintervention period compared with preintervention in the IRS+Standard Pyrethroid ITN arm (95% CI −72.9%, −29.8%) and by 55.9% in the PBO ITN arm (95% CI −73.0%, −32.5%), with no significant difference between these two arms (95% CI −30.9%, 24.0%). From the first to the second season postintervention, cases decreased non-significantly in the IRS+Standard Pyrethroid ITN arm (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.94; 95% CI 0.66, 1.47) but increased significantly in the PBO ITN arm (IRR 1.98; 95% CI 1.49, 2.67). Postintervention vector density and IRD were not found to be significantly different between intervention arms in either 2021 (vector density: IRR 0.78; 95% CI 0.47, 1.31; IRD: IRR 0.80; 95% CI 0.37, 1.75) or 2022 (vector density: IRR 1.27; 95% CI 0.75, 2.12; IRD: IRR 1.02; 95% CI 0.45, 2.28).

Conclusion

These findings suggest a positive impact of non-pyrethroid IRS deployed annually alongside standard pyrethroid ITNs in a setting of confirmed pyrethroid resistance. While an overall positive impact of PBO ITNs was detected, a waning impact of the nets 2 years postdistribution was observed.
Self-reported determinants for subjective financial distress: a qualitative interview study with German cancer patients
Authors: Züger Andrea , Mathies Viktoria , Mehlis Katja , Pauge Sophie , Richter Luise , Surmann Bastian , Ernst Thomas , Menold Natalja , Greiner Wolfgang , Winkler Eva
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Patient-reported financial effects of a tumour disease in a universal healthcare setting are a multidimensional phenomenon. Actual and anticipated objective financial burden caused by direct medical and non-medical costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of income can lead to subjective financial distress. To better understand subjective financial distress, the presented study explores self-reported determinants for subjective financial distress in German patients with cancer, aiming to inform a new German-language patient-reported outcome measure for determining the financial effects of a tumour disease.

Design

Semistructured interviews with n=18 patients with cancer were conducted between May 2021 and December 2021. Patients were recruited based on a purposive sampling strategy in outpatient and inpatient settings. The interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Setting

Participants were recruited from two German academic cancer centres, that is, the National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and Jena University Hospital.

Participants

18 patients who had undergone cancer-related therapy for at least 2 months were interviewed (10 females).

Results

Based on the results of the qualitative content analysis, we developed a multicomponent construct of determinants that could influence subjective financial distress. The self-reported determinants can be classified into material (savings, good salary, shared rent through shared living, employed partner, paid-off house, potential financial support from family and friends, work-related specifics, consumer restrictions, out-of-pocket-costs and anticipated financial changes), social (social support from friends and family), systemic (administrative hurdlers and insurance cover) and inner personal determinants (coping strategies, change of attitude, character traits).

Conclusion

Subjective financial distress depends not only on material but also on social, systemic and inner personal determinants. Knowledge of these determinants can inform a new comprehensive German-language instrument for measuring self-reported financial effects of a tumour disease.

Trial registration number

NCT05319925.
Organisational factors associated with burnout among emergency and internal medicine physicians: a qualitative study
Authors: Ghaseminejad Farhad , Rich Kira , Rosenbaum Debbie , Rydz Emilia , Chow Lawrence , Salmon Amy , Palepu Anita , Dodek Peter , Leitch Heather A , Townson Andrea , Lacaille Diane , Varshney Vishal , Stanger Elizabeth , Khan Nadia
Published: January 2025

Objective

To identify physician perspectives on factors associated with physician burnout, protective factors against burnout, and to seek potential solutions for this pervasive problem.

Design

A qualitative study with semistructured focus group interviews using a systematic framework analysis.

Setting and participants

Physicians from general internal medicine (GIM) and the emergency department (ED) at two urban tertiary care hospitals in Vancouver, Canada, were recruited. Separate GIM and ED physician focus groups were conducted virtually from July 2021 to December 2022, led by an independent facilitator. Audio recordings from focus group sessions were then transcribed for analysis.

Results

41 physicians (29 GIM and 12 ED) participated in the focus groups. The dominant themes for organisational factors attributed to burnout that were highlighted by both groups included heavy workload and scheduling, frequent interruptions, interdepartmental conflict and feeling undervalued by leadership. Other contributing factors that were only emphasised by GIM physicians were pressure to work out-of-scope of their practice, pressure to admit and discharge patients quickly, as well as sexism in the workplace. Factors unique to ED physicians included experiencing violence in the workplace and having to assess patients in waiting rooms. Protective organisational factors included time to build rapport with patients, staff collegiality, working within their scope of practice, and feeling rewarded and valued by leadership. Interventions suggested by physicians included improving channels of communication between staff, increasing flexibility in scheduling and strengthening hospitalists’ services.

Conclusions

Most organisational factors driving burnout were common to both GIM and ED physicians, including heavy workload and scheduling, frequent interruptions, interdepartmental conflict and feeling undervalued by leadership. Leveraging protective factors and intervening on organisational factors attributed to burnout such as improving communication and enhancing support services may be effective in addressing the physician burnout epidemic.
Development and validation of a novel risk-predicted model for early sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Cong-Cong , Nan Zi-Han , Li Bo , Yin Yan-Ling , Zhang Kun , Liu Li-Xia , Hu Zhen-Jie
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to develop a prediction model for the detection of early sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), which is defined as AKI diagnosed within 48 hours of a sepsis diagnosis.

Design

A retrospective study design was employed. It is not linked to a clinical trial. Data for patients with sepsis included in the development cohort were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method was used to screen the risk factors, and the final screened risk factors were constructed into four machine learning models to determine an optimal model. External validation was performed using another single-centre intensive care unit (ICU) database.

Setting

Data for the development cohort were obtained from the MIMIC-IV 2.0 database, which is a large publicly available database that contains information on patients admitted to the ICUs of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, from 2008 to 2019. The external validation cohort was generated from a single-centre ICU database from China.

Participants

A total of 7179 critically ill patients with sepsis were included in the development cohort and 269 patients with sepsis were included in the external validation cohort.

Results

A total of 12 risk factors (age, weight, atrial fibrillation, chronic coronary syndrome, central venous pressure, urine output, temperature, lactate, pH, difference in alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure, prothrombin time and mechanical ventilation) were included in the final prediction model. The gradient boosting machine model showed the best performance, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model in the development cohort, internal validation cohort and external validation cohort were 0.794, 0.725 and 0.707, respectively. Additionally, to aid interpretation and clinical application, SHapley Additive exPlanations techniques and a web version calculation were applied.

Conclusions

This web-based clinical prediction model represents a reliable tool for predicting early SA-AKI in critically ill patients with sepsis. The model was externally validated using another ICU cohort and exhibited good predictive ability. Additional validation is needed to support the utility and implementation of this model.