bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization maintenance performance level through collaboration of overall equipment effectiveness and machine reliability
Authors: Rahman Faisal , Sugiono Sugiono , As'ad Sonief , Novareza Oyong
Published: July 2022

Maintenance performance level (MPL) is an important part of the key performance indicator (KPI) to improve the effectiveness of machine maintenance which includes factors of overall equipment effectiveness-machine effectiveness (OEE-ME) and machine reliability (MR). The purpose of this paper is to optimize the value of the maintenance performance level (MPL) through the collaboration of overall equipment effectiveness-machine effectiveness (OEE-ME) and machine reliability (MR). The study began with collecting research data, namely machine operation, preventive maintenance, and corrective maintenance. The data is processed using the Pareto principle to determine the critical system based on failure frequency. The selected critical system is tested for probability distribution and machine reliability (MR) assessment with several predetermined maintenance time interval scenarios. The main result of this research is the optimal maintenance time interval is a better criterion than other criteria. The optimal maintenance time interval was chosen because it can meet the requirements of overall equipment effectiveness-machine effectiveness (OEE-ME) at a world-class maintenance performance level (MPL) with a value of 90.43%, and the proposed machine reliability (MR) is better than the initial machine reliability (MR) based on the failure ratio value. Therefore, it can be boldly stated that the collaboration of overall equipment effectiveness-machine effectiveness (OEE-ME) and machine reliability (MR) can influence and optimize the value of maintenance performance level (MPL), which has a strong correlation and significant impact.
Theoretical investigations of the process of interaction with the environment of a bulldozer bladow with variable geometry
Authors: Doudkin Mikhail , Kim Alina , Aukenova Bekzat , Radoslav Radenkov , Saveliev Andrey , Andryukhov Nikita
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the work is to determine the rational parameters of a bulldozer blade with variable geometry, which provides an increase in productivity and an expansion of the bulldozer-terracer scope due to its universal adaptability of the cutting knife shape and the blade surface to the types and conditions of work. The existing studies of the interaction processes with the soil of specialized plough, for the most part, do not take into account specific features and do not allow a reasonable approach to the appointment of the main parameters of the dump with its universal adaptability. For this purpose, studies were carried out on the working process of excavating the soil with a blade of a new universal design, and above all, when digging the soil. The analysis of the ratios influence the central section length to the maximum working width, the inclination angles of the hinges in the longitudinal and transverse planes, and the rotation angle of the side sections on the variable geometric parameters of the blade, which determine its interaction with the ground, is carried out. At the same time, the theoretical dependences obtained based on the statics provisions of a granular medium with adhesion make it possible to analytically evaluate the dimensions and volume of the drag prism and the horizontal component of the resistance to digging with a blade with variable geometry.
Historical genesis of the concept of number and number systems: Possibilities of application in the initial teaching of mathematics (I)
Authors: Gordić Snežana , Lazić Bojan , Milošević Marina
Published: July 2022

The notion of natural number, as the basis of the entire further development of mathematics, appears as a result of gradual abstraction. The very notion of number has not been precisely defined and has changed throughout history, as has the way of recording. This paper aims to present the origin of natural numbers and their development to the present form. The essentially most important number systems that have evolved in parallel with the development of human consciousness, and which are guided by the need for man to record important events and facts, are discussed and presented. The importance of positional number systems, such as the Indo-Arabic number system we use today, was emphasized. Numerous studies show that the use of the history of mathematics in the teaching of mathematics can increase students 'motivation and students' interest in the subject. Based on a brief overview of existing research on the use of the history of mathematics in mathematics teaching, the paper presents examples of tasks for classroom teaching, which include elements of the history of natural numbers and number systems.
Valuing of human life during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Đukić Simo , Stančić Sonja , Vuković Mirna , Dimitrijević Strahinja
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to determine whether people are subject to psychophysical numbness during the corona virus pandemic, as well as whether they estimate human lives to be less valuable as the numbers of those infected and dying from the virus increase. In the first and second experiment, the contextual influence of the ratio of the number of the cured-infected and the positive-negative framework on the evaluation of the contribution of healthcare workers, as a measure of the value of human lives, was investigated, respectively. The third experiment aimed at analysing whether the type of inevitable disaster and the amount of money allocated for repairing the consequences affected the evaluation of human life. The contribution of healthcare workers was assessed by 354 respondents in the first experiment, 725 respondents in the second and 729 respondents in the third experiment. The results indicate that the assessment of the contribution of healthcare workers does not depend on the number and percentage of the cured. The main effects of the scenario (the pandemic curve) and framework (positive/negative) are not significant, but their interaction is. The results of the third experiment suggest that valuing of human lives does not depend on the type of catastrophe (the pandemic vs. flood) but on the amount of funds allocated for helping the endangered people. These results have implications for decision-makers during disasters; namely, they should avoid giving only numbers when reporting on the disaster, but combine information on the number of survivors and deaths depending on the current situation, as well as report on individual cases, regardless of the type of disaster.
Digital competencies of university professors in the 21st century
Authors: Novaković Aleksandar , Ranđelović Branislav , Đukić Danijela
Published: July 2022

The latest developments in education caused by the 2019-nCOV pandemic and the transition from traditional to electronic teaching have influenced the special interest of teaching methodologists in determining the digital competencies of teachers in the 21st century. The changes have especially affected university professors, from whom the professional public expects to be the role models in the application of modern information and communication technologies. Those who previously understood the importance of computers and mobile phones in teaching went through the transition from one type of teaching to another more painlessly, while it was far more difficult for those who denied their functionality from the beginning. Such a factual situation has influenced a deeper understanding of their function in modernizing academic practice, analyzing official strategies for the development of education and the existing frameworks of necessary digital competencies. Therefore, the authors in this paper propose a framework for digital competencies of professors at higher education institutions in the Republic of Serbia, classifying them into six categories necessary for the successful implementation of academic teaching: 1) Basic information knowledge about modern information and communication technologies; 2) Creating accounts and using different online clients to establish communication in a virtual environment; 3) Managing a virtual learning environment; 4) Preparation of teaching materials with the help of application software; 5) Creating and managing an electronic portfolio; and 6) Safe use of online environment and ethics.
Homework practices in teaching of Serbian language in junior grades of primary education
Authors: Stakić Mirjana , Stamatović Jelena , Maksimović Jasna
Published: July 2022

Various advantages and disadvantages of homework are discussed in the literature. The aim of this paper is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of homework practices in Serbian Language taught in junior grades of primary education. Implementation practices were examined from the standpoint of teachers with the aim of determining: the dynamics in assigning and reviewing homework; assessment methods and ways of communicating feedback; representation of different types of homework; and the evaluation of their contribution. The study was conducted in 2020 and 2021 on a sample of 123 teachers. The obtained results indicate that the homework practices in Serbian Language classes are characterized by the frequency and diversity of homework assignments, individualized approach, reviewing regularity, and positive perception of their contribution. However, the results also raise several important questions-excessive student workload, functionality of assessing homework as a learning tool, homework assessments, encouraging cooperative homework and communication related to it-and indicate the need for further research.
Correlativity of Serbian language and literature and religious teaching contents
Authors: Milovanović Boško
Published: July 2022

The educational system needs to be based on the development of personality and realization of its integrity. Therefore, by analysing and comparing the curricula of the two subjects - Serbian Language and Literature and Religious Education - in junior grades (1-4) of primary school, we ascertained certain common goals and identified the elements which facilitate their realization and those which make it difficult. We observed the need for a stronger connection between the set goals and the expected outcomes of learning in the curricula of the two subjects, and education in general, with special focus on achieving and nurturing freedom, as well as ethical values and virtues. We exemplified the importance of didactic-methodical apparatus in teaching reading and text analysis by using a fairy tale Selfish Giant by Oscar Wilde.
Viabilidade agroeconômica do cultivo de híbridos tomateiro de hábito determinado no período de safra e entressafra na região central Matogrossense
Authors: Nascimento André Silva , Silva Rejeane Maria da , Dipple Fernanda Lourenço , Casagrande Jéssica Gawski , Trento Daiane Andreia , Ponce Franciely da Silva , Grzebieluckas Cleci , Seabra Júnior Santino
Published: July 2022

O tomateiro é uma cultura de risco econômico elevado e de alto custo de implantação, diferentes estratégias têm sido desenvolvidas para viabilizar o cultivo em regiões tropicais. O cultivo do tomateiro em regiões com alta precipitação tem viabilidade agronômica somente em cultivo protegido, no entanto, no período de seca, pode ser realizado a campo aberto. A pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar uma análise da viabilidade produtiva e econômica do cultivo de híbridos de tomateiro determinado no período de safra e entressafra em Nova Mutum-MT. Foram avaliados os híbridos Fascínio, Vedette e Mariana na safra e entressafra da cultura. No período de entressafra os tomates foram cultivados tutorados sob cultivo protegido “tipo arco” e no período de safra foram cultivados a campo aberto no sistema rasteiro sobre canteiros cobertos com “mulching” plástico. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de parcela subdividida, arranjado em blocos ao acaso e com quatro repetições. A híbrido Fascínio apresentou a maior produção (69 t ha-1) e os tomateiros cultivados na safra e entressafra não apresentaram diferença na produção, porém, quanto ao número de frutos por plantas, houve maior número de frutos nas plantas cultivadas na safra, em campo aberto (55,91 frutos por planta), isso ocorreu devido ao período de safra haver maior pegamento de frutos devido às condições climáticas favoráveis, porém essa diferença não foi representada por frutos menores. Na análise econômica, na safra, o tomateiro cultivado rasteiro sobre cobertura de solo “mulching” apresentou maior viabilidade econômica devido ao baixo custo do sistema, com índice de lucratividade de 59,19%, já na entressafra sob cultivo protegido esse índice foi de 49,15%.
Eficiência agronômica de atrazine no controle de Capim-navalha e Capim-capeta
Authors: Cruz Josiel Faustino da , Fernandes Thaiany , Mendes Kassio Ferreira , Inoue Miriam Hiroko , Guimarães Ana Carolina Dias
Published: July 2022

O capim-navalha (Paspalum virgatum L.) e o capim-capeta [Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.] são plantas daninhas importante em áreas de pastagem na região norte do estado de Mato Grosso, causando prejuízos significativos aos pecuaristas, sendo consideradas espécies de difícil devido sua semelhança morfológica e fisiológica com as forrageiras em áreas de pastagens. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de injúria de atrazine aplicada em pré-emergência das plantas daninhas Paspalum virgatum L. (P. virgatum) e Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. (S. indicus) por meio de curva dose-resposta em duas classes texturais. Foram realizados dois experimentos independentes, um para cada espécie, em dois tipos de solo (Cambissolo - de textura franco- textura arenosa e Argissolo Vermelho distrófico - textura argilosa), utilizando a escala percentual de notas para verificar o nível de injúria de P. virgatum e S. indicus e a matéria seca no final dos experimentos. Para o controle do S. indicus, para ambos os solos estudados, as doses requeridas foram menores que a dose recomendada de atrazine para cultura do milho (2.000 g ha-1) aos 15, 30 e 60 DAA (Dias Após Aplicação) e aos 60 DAA para matéria seca. A atrazine controlou o P. virgatum, desde os 15 DAA, nas doses abaixo da recomendação do fabricante para a cultura do milho (250 ha-1). A atrazine proporcionou controle eficiente do P. virgatum e S. indicus (dose menor que 2.000 g. ha-1) quando aplicada em pré-emergência das espécies estudados. Sendo promissor no manejo em pré-emergência para cultivo consorciado milho-forrageira.
Sanidade de diferentes cultivares de sementes de milho
Authors: Borsatti Jéssica , Guedes Sumaya Ferreira , Barcelos Amanda Isabela Hakime , Dipple Fernanda Lourenço , Oliveira Kethelin Cristine Laurindo de
Published: July 2022

O milho (Zea mays L.) é um dos cereais de maior importância econômica no mundo, sendo um componente significativo da alimentação humana e animal. Durante o cultivo e armazenamento as sementes podem ser afetadas por uma diversidade de fungos e bactérias, a incidência destes patógenos em sementes de milho podem introduzir patógenos em áreas livres, ocasionar queda na germinação e vigor das plântulasconsequentemente causando perdas qualitativas e quantitativas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de patógenos nas sementes de diferentes cultivares de milho. O experimento foi realizado com amostras de lotes sementes, utilizando um total de dez cultivares de milho, com seis repetições para cada cultivar, sendo elas: Morgan MG652PWY, Morgan MG669PWY, DKB 390 Pro2PA, SSA82EVIP, KWS K9822 VIP3, KWS Rb9110 PRO 2, Syngenta 522, Syngenta Viptera fórmula, Sempre 20A20 Top 2, Sempre 20A44 VIP 3. As sementes foram plaqueadas no método Blotter test, mantidos em congelador (-20 ºC) por 48 horas para inibição de germinação, em seguida dispostos em uma bancada em temperatura ambiente, mantendo sempre as sementes úmidas, por um período de 10 a 14 dias. As sementes foram examinadas individualmente com auxílio de um estereomicroscópio com resolução de 30-80X, para verificar ocorrência de frutificações típicas do crescimento de fungos. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, foi possível constatar a presença de três fungos: Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp e Penicillium sp e bactérias. Dentre os fungos, o Penicillium sp foi o que teve maior ocorrência, uma vez que se manifestou em quase todas as cultivares analisadas, exceto nas cultivares Syngenta 522 e Syngenta Viptera fórmula sendo que o maior índice foi na cultivar KWS K9822 VIP3.
Uso da terra na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cabaçal e estimativa do coeficiente de escoamento superficial
Authors: Soares Karine Marreiro , Oliveira Barbara Bessa Silva , Oliveira Allison Cordeiro Bessa de , Queiroz Tadeu Miranda de
Published: July 2022

As bacias hidrográficas são áreas delimitadas por divisores de águas contendo um sistema de drenagem composto de nascentes e cursos de águas principais e secundários. Quando estas são ocupadas sem planejamento, geram inúmeras consequências, como por exemplo, a exploração dos recursos naturais, aumento do desmatamento, ocupações urbanas em áreas inadequadas, dentre outros. Essas práticas aceleram os processos de degradação ambiental das bacias hidrográficas, comprometendo também a qualidade e quantidade dos recursos hídricos disponíveis. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar avaliações da evolução do uso e cobertura do solo e a estimativa no impacto do coeficiente de escoamento superficial médio no período de 1985 a 2020 na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cabaçal. Para a realização da pesquisa a bacia hidrográfica foi delimitada utilizando o Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) e a ferramenta Watershed do QGIS, e, em seguida, foi feita a classificação do uso e cobertura do solo para os anos de 1985, 2000, 2010 e 2020 utilizando imagens dos sensores TM/Landsat 5 e OLI/Landsat 8. A estimativa do coeficiente de escoamento superficial médio foi feita utilizando o mapa de pedologia, de uso e cobertura do solo e de declividade. A área de floresta reduziu 59% de 1985 para 2020, enquanto que as áreas de pastagem e de solo cultivado aumentaram 81% e 48%, respectivamente. O coeficiente médio de escoamento superficial aumentou aproximadamente 5% no período estudado, mostrando que a redução das áreas de florestas não causou elevado impacto no coeficiente médio de escoamento superficial.
Blockchain e inteligência artificial associada no controle de packs agrotóxicos
Authors: Monteiro Emiliano Soares , Mignoni Maria Eloisa , Kunst Rafael , Righi Rodrigo da Rosa
Published: July 2022

O mundo vem sofrendo uma revolução causada por tecnologias computacionais, e a área da agricultura não ficou de fora, revolucionou-se, transformando-se em agricultura inteligente, agricultura 4.0 ou agricultura digital. As possibilidades de ações criadas na agricultura com o uso das tecnologias computacionais são inúmeras, como: controle de informações para tomada de decisão, controle de produtos, do tempo, previsões etc.  As tecnologias como Inteligência Artificial, IoT, Machine Learning, Blockchain, Drones, sensores entre outras possibilitam que o agricultor tenha controle de toda a sua propriedade em todas as áreas. O uso de tantas tecnologias para todas as áreas, trazem muitos benefícios e desafios, dentre os benefícios no uso na agricultura está o aumento da produção de alimentos e a preservação do meio ambiente. Na preservação do meio ambiente, as tecnologias tornaram-se aliadas no controle de quantidades, forma de aplicação, descarte dos vasilhames dos agrotóxicos, combate ao roubo, entre outras aplicações.  No processo de controle de vasilhames dos agrotóxicos, seja para controlar o descarte ou para combater o roubo, tecnologias como inteligência artificial, machine learning, RFID, IoT, Blockchain integradas conseguem rastrear cada movimento do vasilhame. A proposta apresentada de um sistema que faça o rastreamento dos agrotóxicos, irá trazer controle tanto para descartes como em caso de roubo, avisando o agricultor em tempo real, via internet web no celular. O sistema também fornecerá gráficos com inúmeras informações para tomadas de decisão.
Affective Domain in Learning Taxonomy at Institution of Higher Education
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia, Mahfuzah, M.Z.  , Ahmad Fakhrurrazi,  M.Z.  ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Norhapizah, M. B.  ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

In the new era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, students must equip themselves holistically with knowledge, values, and skills to be relevant to current job market requirements. This requires students to be empowered in the affective domain to achieve balance with the cognitive and psychomotor domains. Student involvement in substance abuse, as well as an increase in mental health problems including depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts, are among the signs of a void in the affective or psychological aspects. The purpose of the paper is to highlight scholars’ discourse concerning the position of the affective domain and its challenge in integrating it into the learning taxonomy. This study involves utilizing content analysis of library documents. Data were processed using an analytical-synthetic descriptive method followed by deductive and inductive analysis. The results obtained showed that the cognitive domain was more dominant in the learning taxonomy, even though the affective domain has received more discussion. Accordingly, this study recommends conducting further research to incorporate appropriate elements from the existing taxonomy models with the main principle of Islamic education that emphasizes both psychological and spiritual development. Discourse on akhlaq and tasawuf in Muslim society is most noteworthy when it comes to applying the affective domain, allowing for complete conscious awareness of the mind (mindfulness) in human beings. A balance integration of cognitive and affective domains can be achieved to create a holistic human being as outlined in the Malaysiuan National Education Policy. As such, this will indirectly contribute to achieving quality tertiary education to ensure a prosperous society in this Industrial Revolution 4.0 era.
Analisis Kualiti Item Menilai Program Usahawan Asnaf di Wilayah Persekutuan Menggunakan Model Rasch
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohd Afandi, M.R.  , Najahudin, L.  ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (MAIWP) telah mengagihkan zakat melalui program usahawan asnaf untuk meningkatkan taraf ekonomi mereka. Untuk lebih optimum, penyelidikan dilakukan bagi menilai keberkesanan program tersebut melalui satu instrumen soal selidik. Namun, tahap pengukuran instrumen ini perlu disemak, justeru kertas ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualiti itemnya bagi menilai program usahawan dalam kalangan asnaf tersebut. Analisis dilakukan terhadap set soal selidik mengandungi 77 item yang diedarkan kepada 53 responden melalui data asnaf MAIWP. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch. Kualiti item soal selidik tersebut dinilai melalui tiga aspek, iaitu kebolehpercayaan, polariti item (PTMEA CORR) dan kesepadanan (infit / outfit MNSQ dan z-std). Hasil kajian menunjukkan indeks kebolehpercayaan bagi item adalah tinggi dengan r=0.93 serta Cronbach alpha 0.97 dengan nilai pengasingan (separation) item adalah 3.52. Sebanyak 76 item boleh digunakan kerana nilai PTMEA CORR adalah positif antara +0.42logit hingga +0.77logit. Ujian kesepadanan kebanyakan item tersebut turut menunjukkan nilai jumlah min infit MNSQ dan SD adalah antara +0.69logit hingga +1.35logit. Satu item, Q024 berada di julat pengguguran dengan nilai PTMEA CORR negatif dan terkeluar daripada julat infit MNSQ (0.5 - 1.5) serta z-std (+/- 2.0). Soal selidik ini dinilai baik dengan satu (1) item dicadangkan digugurkan, dua (2) item dipertimbangkan untuk digugurkan sementara bakinya 74 item dikekalkan. Instrumen ini boleh digunakan oleh para penyelidik untuk mengukur perkara yang sama di mana-mana institusi di seluruh negara.
Individual and Spiritual Factors Contributing to the Social and Mental Health Problems of Adolescents in Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Norfatmazura Che Wil  , Nooraini Othman  ,   Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

The rise of social issues among adolescents from time to time proves that the level of mental health among adolescents is alarming. Various factors should give serious attention to curb this issue from spreading. This study was conducted to explore the extent of individual and spiritual factors that cause social and mental health problems among adolescents. It uses a qualitative study approach through a case study strategy. Through interviews with respondents in an individual counseling session, this study involves the purposive sampling method aimed at eleven adolescents aged 16 to 20 years who are undergoing rehabilitation. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed thematically using the Atlas.ti application. Data analysis enabled the identification of underlying themes that further contributed to the main themes for this study. Results show three main themes identified for individual factors: low self-esteem, social interest, and personality formation. Meanwhile, for spiritual factors, two elements were successfully formed: belief and confidence and the motivation to worship. This study provides vital information and implications that may guide the stakeholders to create various models, modules, and interventions to treat and prevent adolescents from engaging in social problems that affect their mental health.
Determinants of Intention to Adopt Equity-Based Financing During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Malaysian Perspective
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamad, S.N. A.  , Basah, M. Y. A.  ,   Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the factors that affect Malaysian users’ financing to participate in using Equity-based Financing (Musharakah & Mudharabah) or known as EBF. This study applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as the underlying theory to analyze the determinants that influence the intention of Malaysian users’ of financing to participate in EBF. The analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), with a total of 250 respondents. According to the findings, only attitudes (ATT) about equity-based financing (EBF) had a positive and significant impact on Malaysian users of financing involvement in EBF during pandemic Covid-19. Subjective Norms (SNORMS) and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBControl) turn out to be non-significant factors for users of financing in Malaysia. The results of the study could lead to advancements towards Islamic banking and finance, as well as positive implications for practitioners. Focusing on ATT to establish customer-oriented products of financing connections within banks could help EBF applications be better managed. This study applied TPB for the first time to Malaysian users’ financial decisions in the area of EBF during the pandemic Covid-19.
The Translation for al-Kawkab in Hadith from al-Ṣaḥīḥayn: An Analysis
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, Thuraya, A.  , Mohd Asmadi, Y.  ,   Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: July 2022

The word al-kawkab (plural; al-kawākib) is among the celestial objects mentioned in the prophetic hadith. However, the practice of simply construing the word from the text as ‘the planet’ may lead to anachronism. To fill such a gap in defining the word al-kawkab in hadith, this study explores the meaning of the word, which has a deep-rooted association with the Arabic culture dated back to the 7th century CE. Through a qualitative design, this study employs the use of thematic analysis to explore the meaning of the words al-kawkab or al-kawākib in al-Ṣaḥīḥayn (the two Authentic Books of Hadith). First, the Malay translations of the words in available scholarly publications are identified because they are reliable for predominantly Muslim readers in Malaysia. In grasping the intricate contents and facts underlying the hadith on al-kawkab, this study relies on the references in hadith, astronomy, language, history, Quranic exegesis, and pre-Islamic poetries. Ultimately, this study finds that the scholarly publications that contribute to defining al-kawkab in hadith, do not provide proper translation. Upon delving into the details of the word in al-Ṣaḥīḥayn, this study learns that al-kawkab constitutes of six meanings. Predictably, the usage of the word in hadith indicates that the Ancient Arabs considered al-kawkab could mean several types of luminous celestial objects and does not necessarily mean ‘planet’ as per modern-day comprehension. Hence, this study recommends the correct translation of the word al-kawkab or al-kawākib in hadith, which fulfills the exact meaning derived from the occasion of each narration.
New Holocene formal subdivision – application for the Russian Arctic
Authors: Budantseva Nadine Arkad'evna
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is a new formal subdivision of Holocene epoch applied to the northern regions of the Russian permafrost. The following criteria are considered: criteria for the modern allocation of three calendar periods of the Holocene; comparison with the Blitt-Sernander scheme; comparison with the three-term division of the Holocene for the Russian Arctic, proposed by Yu.K.Vasilchuk. In 2008, the International Commission on Stratigraphy (IUGS) established the boundary between the Holocene and the Neo-Pleistocene at the turn of about 11,700 calibrated years ago (cal. l. n.). In 2018, in addition to the well-known Blitt-Sernander division, the Holocene was divided by IUGS into three tiers: Greenland (from 11,700 to 8,200 cal. years ago), North Grippian (from 8200 to 4200 cal. years ago) and Meghalayan (beginning 4200 cal. years ago). The features of the development of polygonal vein arrays during three Holocene periods were established and the average January air temperatures for four key regions of the Russian cryolithozone were reconstructed - the north of the European part of Russia, the north of Western Siberia, the lower reaches of the Kolyma River and the east of Chukotka. It is shown that, taking into account the new division of the Holocene, the Greenland and North Grippian periods of the Holocene (between 11.7 and 4.2 thousand years ago) are the stage of the most active development of peat bogs and the simultaneous formation of re–vein ice in them. The Meghalayan Holocene period was characterized by a marked decrease in the development of peatlands, but syngenetic growth of re-vein ice continued within the emerging floodplains and laids, especially within the torn-off areas. The reconstructed average January air temperatures for four key regions of the Russian cryolithozone showed that the Greenland and North Grippian periods of the Holocene were characterized by slightly higher values (on average 1-2 °C higher) than the Meghalayan, with the exception of eastern Chukotka, for which an increase in the average January air temperature during the Meghalayan period was noted.
Rewiring of liver diurnal transcriptome rhythms by triiodothyronine (T3) supplementation
Authors: de Assis Leonardo Vinicius Monteiro , Harder Lisbeth , Lacerda José Thalles , Parsons Rex , Kaehler Meike , Cascorbi Ingolf , Nagel Inga , Rawashdeh Oliver , Mittag Jens , Oster Henrik
Published: July 2022

Diurnal (i.e., 24 hr) physiological rhythms depend on transcriptional programs controlled by a set of circadian clock genes/proteins. Systemic factors like humoral and neuronal signals, oscillations in body temperature, and food intake align physiological circadian rhythms with external time. Thyroid hormones (THs) are major regulators of circadian clock target processes such as energy metabolism, but little is known about how fluctuations in TH levels affect the circadian coordination of tissue physiology. In this study, a high triiodothyronine (T3) state was induced in mice by supplementing T3 in the drinking water, which affected body temperature, and oxygen consumption in a time-of-day-dependent manner. A 24-hr transcriptome profiling of liver tissue identified 37 robustly and time independently T3-associated transcripts as potential TH state markers in the liver. Such genes participated in xenobiotic transport, lipid and xenobiotic metabolism. We also identified 10–15% of the liver transcriptome as rhythmic in control and T3 groups, but only 4% of the liver transcriptome (1033 genes) were rhythmic across both conditions – amongst these, several core clock genes. In-depth rhythm analyses showed that most changes in transcript rhythms were related to mesor (50%), followed by amplitude (10%), and phase (10%). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed TH state-dependent reorganization of metabolic processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism. At high T3 levels, we observed weakening or loss of rhythmicity for transcripts associated with glucose and fatty acid metabolism, suggesting increased hepatic energy turnover. In summary, we provide evidence that tonic changes in T3 levels restructure the diurnal liver metabolic transcriptome independent of local molecular circadian clocks.
Climbing Melatonin Use for Insomnia Raises Safety Concerns
Authors: Kuehn Bridget M.
Published: July 2022

This Medical News article describes recent increases in melatonin use and the potential harm associated with taking it for insomnia.
Cost-Utility Analysis of Rituximab vs Mycophenolate Mofetil for the Treatment of Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Chen Michelle K. Y. , Vissapragada Ravi , Bulamu Norma , Gupta Monisha , Werth Victoria , Sebaratnam Deshan Frank
Published: July 2022

Importance

There is an increasing body of literature that supports the use of rituximab as a first-line steroid-sparing agent in pemphigus vulgaris. However, the cost of rituximab is substantial compared with conventional agents, and there are limited health economic data to justify its use.

Objective

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of rituximab biosimilars relative to mycophenolate mofetil as a first-line steroid-sparing agent for moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A cost-utility analysis over a 24-month time horizon was conducted from the perspective of the Australian health care sector using a modeled cohort of treatment-naive adult patients with moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris. A Markov cohort model was constructed to simulate disease progression following first-line treatment with rituximab biosimilars or mycophenolate mofetil. The simulated cohort transitioned between controlled disease, uncontrolled disease, and death. Efficacy and utility data were obtained from available published literature. Cost data were primarily obtained from published government data. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty. Primary outcomes were the changes in cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) over the 24 months.

Interventions

Rituximab biosimilars and mycophenolate mofetil.

Results

The simulated cohort of treatment-naive patients had a mean age of 50.8 years, a female-to-male ratio of 1.24, and moderate to severe disease as classified by the Harman criteria. First-line rituximab biosimilars were associated with a cost reduction of AU$639 and an improvement of 0.07 QALYs compared with mycophenolate mofetil, resulting in an ICER of −AU$8818/QALY. Rituximab biosimilars were therefore more effective and less costly compared with mycophenolate mofetil. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that rituximab biosimilars remained cost-effective across a range of values for cost, utility, and transition probability input parameters and willingness-to-pay thresholds.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cost-utility analysis, rituximab biosimilars were cost-effective compared with mycophenolate mofetil for moderate to severe pemphigus vulgaris. Further investigation into its cost-effectiveness over a longer time horizon is necessary, but the favorable results of this study suggest that the high acquisition costs of rituximab biosimilars may be offset by its effectiveness and provide economic evidence in support of its listing on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for pemphigus vulgaris.
Expanding the antiviral potential of the mosquito lipid‐transfer protein AEG12 against SARS‐CoV‐2 using hydrophobic antiviral ligands
Authors: Foo Alexander C. Y. , Lafont Bernard A. P. , Mueller Geoffrey A.
Published: July 2022

The mosquito protein AEG12 encompasses a large (~ 3800 Å3) hydrophobic cavity which binds and delivers unsaturated fatty acids into biological membranes, allowing it to lyse cells and neutralize a wide range of enveloped viruses. Herein, the lytic and antiviral activities are modified with non‐naturally occurring lipid ligands. We generated novel AEG12 complexes in which the endogenous fatty acid ligands were replaced with hydrophobic viral inhibitors. The resulting compounds modulated cytotoxicity and infectivity against SARS‐CoV‐2, potentially reflecting additional mechanisms of action beyond membrane destabilization. These studies provide valuable insight into the design of novel broad‐spectrum antiviral therapeutics centred on the AEG12 protein scaffold as a delivery vehicle for hydrophobic therapeutic compounds.
Magic, ancient Near East
Authors: Scurlock Joann
Published: July 2022

Interaction between human beings and spirits in the ancient Near East was readily divisible into two unequal parts. Of these, one part, which we might term “religion,” was god‐centered. The other part, by contrast, which we might term “magic,” was man‐centered. Magic came in three types: good magic, bad magic (sorcery), and conditional magic.
Gerace, Sicily
Authors: WILSON R. J. A.
Published: July 2022

Gerace is a Roman landed estate near Enna in central Sicily. The principal excavated features are late Roman: a storehouse of ca. 300 
ce
, destroyed in a mid‐fourth‐century earthquake, a small unfinished villa ca. 375 
ce
with two geometric mosaics, and a bath‐house of ca. 380, entirely excavated. The last was in use until an earthquake severely damaged it ca. 475, after which it was stripped and filled in. The geometric mosaics were smashed in this process, but the cold room's floor escaped: it has an inscription on all four sides and gives us the estate name, the
praedia Philippianorum
.
Rhetoric, Greek
Authors: Kremmydas Christos
Published: July 2022

This article provides an overview of the development of rhetoric from the Archaic to the Roman imperial period.
Community Rule
, the (Dead Sea Scrolls)
Authors: Dimant Devorah
Published: July 2022

The
Community Rule
is a compilation of regulations and ideas of the group whose library and literature were found at Qumran. The work survived in thirteen copies found among the scrolls, the oldest and most complete copy is that discovered in Qumran cave 1 (1QS), penned around 100–75
bce
. This copy also contains two other rules, the
Rule of the Congregation
(1QSa) and the
Rule of Benedictions
(1QSb).
Anchisteia
Authors: Patterson Cynthia
Published: July 2022

Anchisteiais shorthand foranchisteia tou geneos/genous, the ancient Athenian expression for close kinship and family relationship.
Nekromanteion sanctuary, Epirus
Authors: Bowden William
Published: July 2022

This entry describes the so‐called Nekromanteion sanctuary of Ephyra (the oracle of the dead), described by Herodotus, and the associated site on the Acheron river in Epirus in Greece. It is now considered more likely that the excavated remains belong to a fortified Hellenistic farmstead.
Avaris/Tell el‐Dab'a
Authors: Bietak Manfred
Published: July 2022

An overview of the history and archaeology of the site of Avaris/Tell el‐Dab'a, which served as the capital of the 15th Dynasty Hyksos kings during the seventeenth to sixteenth centuries bc.
Epigraphy, Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Witthuhn Orell
Published: July 2022

Epigraphic textual evidence from the Pharaonic period generally relates to ritual activity or commemorates praiseworthy deeds and is written in hieroglyphs. The inscriptions are usually engraved on stone, bone, ivory, metal, wood, or glass. Large‐scale inscriptions are found on the walls or other architectural elements of temples and tombs as well as on statues, columns, and sarcophagi, whereas small‐scale inscriptions can be found on vessels, jewelry, palettes, scarabs, and shabtis. Epigraphy is beginning to establish itself as a focal point of scholarly research within the field of Egyptology.
Pottery, Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Orel Sara E.
Published: July 2022

Pottery is the most common artifact found on Egyptian sites from the mid‐sixth millennium
bce
onwards. The material itself is ubiquitous and, once fired, it becomes very sturdy. Pottery can be studied in many ways, including through the classification of the fabric itself (the clay, along with materials that strengthen it). Fabric can be identified through visual examination or through neutron activation analysis (NAA). Vessel shapes change over time in a way that can be used for dating. Pottery developments can also be affected by changes in technology, by trade patterns, and sometimes by the types of foods that are grown and manufactured.
Burdigala (Bordeaux)
Authors: Cleary Simon Esmonde
Published: July 2022

Burdigala was one of the principal cities of Roman Gaul, a major port, and under the Late Empire a provincial capital, seat of a university, and native city of Ausonius.
Mogontiacum (Mainz), Germany
Authors: Wilson R. J. A.
Published: July 2022

Mogontiacum is the site of a double legionary fortress first established under Augustus and enlarged and refurbished on several occasions later. It was occupied into the fourth century. Around it grew a civilian settlement of some 200 hectares, which became the capital of Upper Germany ca. 90 ce. In the fourth century it too had its own defensive walls. Two auxiliary forts are also known nearby. A funerary monument known as the Edelstein may be a cenotaph for Drusus (died 9bce). Monuments from the town include a theater, a sanctuary of Isis, an honorary arch, and a fine Jupiter Column of the mid‐first centuryce, the earliest known.
Rome, city of: 7. Severan and third century
Authors: Lusnia Susann S.
Published: July 2022

At the beginning of the Severan period, Rome was recovering from plague outbreaks and a fire that had done extensive damage to the city's center. Major areas of the city saw both new construction and restoration work from 193 to 275ce. The building program of L. Septimius Severus was the most wide‐ranging in the city during this period and covered reforms to city administration. By the end of the third century, the city had several new features, including four imperial bath complexes, three major temples, a camp for the equestrian guard, and a defensive wall circuit.
Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, Romania
Authors: Alexandrescu Cristina‐Georgeta
Published: July 2022

Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa was the capital city of Roman Dacia. Situated on a plain in the southwest corner of Haţeg region, it is now partly covered by the modern village.
Cyrene and Cyrenaica
Authors: Fejfer Jane
Published: July 2022

The Cyrenaica was the region in North Africa located between Roman Egypt and Tripolitania; today it is part of Libya. It is cut off to the north and west by the Mediterranean and to the east and south by the Sahara desert. The main city, Cyrene, was founded by Greek settlers from Thera in the seventh centurybce. Around 320bcethe region came under the control of the Ptolemies, who ruled it almost continuously until the first centurybce, when it was taken over by the Romans.
Imperialism in the Roman Empire (west)
Authors: Wesch‐Klein Gabriele
Published: July 2022

Roman imperialism in the west involved conquests, wars, and, in the long term, the political, cultural and religious assimilation of conquered people, especially the elites, to Rome.
Claudii, family of,
Authors: Hillard Tom
Published: July 2022

The patrician Claudii provide a quintessential demonstration of the Roman concept of
nobilitas
(nobility), representing communal renown and holding high office in every generation of the Roman Republic. The longevity and consistency of their prominence was remarkable. The plebeian branch of the
gens
(clan), the Marcelli, achieved eminence in the fourth century
bce
and flickered with occasional luminescence. The Claudii also provide a demonstration of how memory can be impacted by historiography in its various forms; their image was a contested one. They were eventually, at a time when the government of Rome was being fundamentally transformed, subsumed by a larger clan configuration, that of the Julio–Claudians.
Science, Egyptian
Authors: Imhausen Annette
Published: July 2022

Brief overview of ancient Egyptian scientific texts and their historiography.
Climate
Authors: Horden Peregrine
Published: July 2022

Climates change, but providing an overall narrative of those changes that respects local peculiarities is fraught with difficulty. The modern climate of the Mediterranean region and the Near East can be crudely summed up as a seasonal contrast of hot dry summers and mild wet winters. But, of course, there are major exceptions to that, both at the regional level and in the innumerable microclimates that become evident when the focus narrows to the highly local. The changing climate of antiquity in the Mediterranean and Near East can however be broken down into a sequence of phases such as the “Roman Climatic Anomaly.”
Myrtilis Iulia
Authors: Lopes Virgílio
Published: July 2022

Today, Mértola (Myrtilis Iulia) is a small village located on the right bank of the Guadiana river in southeastern Portugal. In Roman times, Myrtilis Iulia was a noteworthy port city, the last harbor before the Guadiana reached the sea. Products from the south of the Roman province of Lusitania (wheat, wine, olive oil), metals from the western Iberian pyrite belt, and varied products arriving from the Roman Empire passed through Myrtilis Iulia.

During Classical times and in Late Antiquity Myrtilis Iulia played an important economic and cultural role at the junction between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. Traces of Roman and Late Antique architecture (houses, harbor facilities, epigraphic tombstones, basilicas, baptisteries, mausoleum), sculpture, mosaics, ceramics, and coins can still be found together with a substantial Islamic presence (houses, mosque, pottery).
Looking Beyond 0 and 1: Principles and Technology of Multi‐Valued Logic Devices
Authors: Andreev Maksim , Seo Seunghwan , Jung Kil‐Su , Park Jin‐Hong
Published: July 2022

Ever since the invention of solid‐state transistors, binary devices have dominated the electronics industry. Although the binary technology links the natural property of devices to be in the ON or OFF state with two logic levels, it provides the least possible information content per interconnect. Multi‐valued logic (MVL) has long been considered as a means of improving the computation efficiency and reducing the power consumption of modern chips. In view of the power density limits of the conventional complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology, MVL technologies have recently gained even more attention, and various MVL unit devices based on conventional and emerging materials have been proposed. Herein, the recent achievements toward the development of compact MVL unit devices are reviewed. First, basic principles of MVL technologies are introduced by describing methods of obtaining multiple logic states and discussing radix‐related aspects of MVL computation. Next, MVL unit devices are classified and overviewed with emphasis on principles of operation, technologies, and applications. Finally, a comparative discussion of strengths and weaknesses is provided for each class of MVL devices, and the review concludes with the outlook for the MVL field.