bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High efficacy of artemether–lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Muheza and Kigoma Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Mandara Celine I. , Kavishe Reginald A. , Gesase Samuel , Mghamba Janneth , Ngadaya Esther , Mmbuji Peter , Mkude Sigsbert , Mandike Renata , Njau Ritha , Mohamed Ally , Lemnge Martha M. , Warsame Marian , Ishengoma Deus S.
Published: July 2018

Background

Artemether–lumefantrine (AL) is the recommended first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in most of the malaria-endemic countries, including Tanzania. Recently, dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DP) has been recommended as the alternative anti-malarial to ensure effective case management in Tanzania. This study assessed the parasite clearance rate and efficacy of AL and DP among patients aged 6 months to 10 years with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in two sites with different malaria transmission intensity.

Methods

This was an open-label, randomized trial that was conducted at two sites of Muheza Designated District Hospital and Ujiji Health Centre in Tanga and Kigoma regions, respectively. Patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled, treated with either AL or DP and followed up for 28 (extended to 42) and 42 (63) days for AL and DP, respectively. Parasite clearance time was monitored in the first 72 h post treatment and the clearance rate constant and half-life were calculated using an established parasite clearance estimator. The primary outcome was parasitological cure on days 28 and 42 for AL and DP, respectively, while secondary outcome was extended parasitological cure on days 42 and 63 for AL and DP, respectively.

Results

Of the 509 children enrolled (192 at Muheza and 317 at Ujiji), there was no early treatment failure and PCR uncorrected cure rates on day 28 in the AL group were 77.2 and 71.2% at Muheza and Ujiji, respectively. In the DP arm, the PCR uncorrected cure rate on day 42 was 73.6% at Muheza and 72.5% at Ujiji. With extended follow-up (to day 42 for AL and 63 for DP) cure rates were lower at Ujiji compared to Muheza (AL: 60.2 and 46.1%, p = 0.063; DP: 57.6 and 40.3% in Muheza and Ujiji, respectively, p = 0.021). The PCR corrected cure rate ranged from 94.6 to 100% for all the treatment groups at both sites. Parasite clearance rate constant was similar in the two groups and at both sites (< 0.28/h); the slope half-life was < 3.0 h and all but only one patient cleared parasites by 72 h.

Conclusion

These findings confirm high efficacy of the first- and the newly recommended alternative ACT for treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Tanzania. The high parasite clearance rate suggests absence of suspected artemisinin resistance, defined as delayed parasite clearance.

Trial registrationThis trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT02590627
Retention of Knowledge Levels of Health Care Providers in Cancer Screening Through Telementoring
Authors: Hariprasad Roopa , Arora Sanjeev , Babu Roshani , Sriram Latha , Sardana Sarita , Hanumappa Sudarshan , Mehrotra Ravi
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Every year > 450,000 individuals are diagnosed with cancer and approximately 350,000 die of it in India. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has released an Operational Framework for the Management of Common Cancers that highlights population-based cancer screening programs in primary health care facilities by health care providers (HCPs) and capacity building of HCPs. The purpose of this study is to present a low-cost training model that is highly suitable for resource-deficient settings, such as those found in India, through Extension for Community Health Outcome (ECHO), a knowledge-sharing tool, to enable high-quality training of HCPs.

Materials and Methods

An in-person, 3-day training program was conducted for 27 HCPs in the tribal primary health care center of Gumballi in Karnataka, India, to teach the basics of cancer screening in oral, breast, and cervical cancer. The training of HCPs was done using the ECHO platform while they implemented the cancer screening, thus enabling them to build the much needed knowledge and skill set to conduct cancer screening in their respective communities.

Results

The knowledge level of the HCPs was tracked before the intervention, immediately after the 3-day training program, and 6 months after the ECHO intervention, which clearly showed progressive acquisition and retention of knowledge. A marked improvement in knowledge level score from an average of 6.3 to 13.7 on a 15-point scale was noticed after the initial in-person training. The average knowledge further increased to a score of 14.4 after 6 months as a result of training using the ECHO platform.

Conclusion

ECHO is an affordable and effective model to train HCPs in cancer screening in a resource-constrained setting.
Present and Future of Immunotherapy in the Management of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Baljevic Muhamed , Holstein Sarah A.
Published: July 2018

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy with an increasing incidence and prevalence. The wide array of effective antimyeloma agents have transformed MM into a chronic condition for some patients, requiring long-term management planning. Immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors have played a pivotal role in defining the most effective regimens for both transplantation-eligible and transplantation-ineligible subgroups. Nevertheless, recent approvals of immunotherapies in MM such as daratumumab have added another important component to combination treatments for both relapsed or refractory and newly diagnosed disease. Evolving novel therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells are poised to raise the bar even further, holding a promise of effective treatment option for patients who would otherwise have limited treatment alternatives. As we continue to therapeutically exploit the essential roles of cell-mediated immune surveillance, antigen presentation, and modulation of inhibitory surface signaling, we are rapidly establishing the cornerstone role of immunotherapies in the management of all phases of MM. In this review, we will cover the spectrum of available immunotherapies approved for clinical use in MM, as well as briefly describe those in early- and late-phase development, with the focus of raising the awareness of the expanding immuno-oncology armamentarium in MM.
Postdural Puncture Headache Treated With Epidural Blood Patch and Subsequent Resolution of Atypical Odontalgia: A Case Report
Authors: Zajac Alexander E. , Richardson Michael G.
Published: July 2018

A 37-year-old gravida 5 para 4 with gestational hypertension underwent uneventful repeat cesarean delivery and tubal ligation under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. On postoperative day 3, she developed a postural headache, unrelieved by caffeine, ibuprofen, and hydration. On postoperative day 8, she returned to the hospital for treatment. An epidural blood patch was administered, providing immediate and complete relief of her headache and bilateral upper and lower dental pain, which she noted arising concomitantly with her headache. We suspect bilateral traction on cranial nerve V2 and V3, secondary to intracranial hypotension after dural puncture, as the cause of her pain.
Vitamin C for Vasoplegia After Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case Series
Authors: Wieruszewski Patrick M. , Nei Scott D. , Maltais Simon , Schaff Hartzell V. , Wittwer Erica D.
Published: July 2018

Cardiac vasoplegia remains a significant contributor of morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. Effective therapeutic options for vasopressor-refractory vasoplegia are limited. We report 3 patients in whom we administered high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid (vitamin C), a cofactor for endogenous catecholamine synthesis, to treat vasoplegia refractory to epinephrine, vasopressin, and norepinephrine after surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Reductions in vasopressor requirements were observed in all 3 patients, and, in 2 patients, norepinephrine was completely discontinued within 24 hours. Ascorbic acid is a novel potential therapeutic option for cardiac vasoplegia that warrants rigorous prospective studies.
Treatment of Transradial Angiogram Catheter Entrapment by Axillary Artery Spasm With Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Case Report
Authors: Amitani Ken , Tanioka Satoru , Ishiyama Mika , Nishimura Kazu
Published: July 2018

We present a 36-year-old female patient who underwent transradial cerebrovascular angiography because of acute putaminal hemorrhage. Catheter entrapment occurred with severe pain in the right upper arm proximal to the elbow. A subclavian artery angiogram by way of a transfemoral crossover catheter revealed severe vasospasm in the axillary artery distal to the branch point between it and the posterior brachial circumflex artery. Diazepam 5 mg intravenously (IV) through a peripheral catheter, lidocaine 0.5% 5 mL injected subcutaneously, and lidocaine 2% 4 mL IV isosorbide dinitrate 2 mg IV through the angiographic crossover catheter failed to relieve the pain and catheter entrapment. An ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block relieved both within 3 minutes. In the past, general anesthesia would have been administered.
Management of a Patient With a History of Nonanesthesia-Related Malignant Hyperthermia Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Nelson Emily P. , Dorlon Margaret E. , Szabo Tamas A. , Trollinger Jonathan B. , Johnson-Mann Crystal , Broderick Gearin , Warters Robert D.
Published: July 2018

A 36-year-old African American with a medical history of nonanesthesia-related malignant hyperthermia (MH) who was taking chronic oral dantrolene therapy presented with right upper quadrant pain for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A multidisciplinary perioperative plan was implemented with the goal of avoiding triggering an MH episode or rhabdomyolysis. He developed a postoperative left brachial vein thrombus of unclear etiology, possibly related to dantrolene administration or his underlying susceptibility to MH.
Central Sleep Apnea Post Vagal Nerve Manipulation and Stimulation During Neck Tumor Resection: A Case Report
Authors: Walters Camila B. , Kynes James M. , Tucker Rhonda , Netterville James
Published: July 2018

We describe a pediatric patient who underwent neck dissection for removal of a tumor and had unexpected transient central sleep apnea in the recovery room. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the existing literature of central sleep apnea after surgical manipulation of the vagal nerve under anesthesia.
Spinal Anesthesia for Pediatric Laparoscopic Hernia Repair: A Case Report
Authors: Eizaga Rebollar Ramón , García Palacios María Victoria , Morales Guerrero Javier , Torres Morera Luis Miguel
Published: July 2018

Spinal anesthesia is practical and safe in infants and toddlers and prevents perioperative complications including cardiorespiratory instability and apnea. Other perioperative advantages include reduced time from surgery completion to operating room exit and first feed. This article presents the case of an ex-premature infant who underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia. The infant remained calm and stable throughout the uneventful procedure and postoperative period. Spinal anesthesia may be feasible for laparoscopic herniotomy when pneumoperitoneum pressure and operative time are restricted to 8 mm Hg and 60 minutes, respectively, with sensory level at T10 or higher.
Can a reset of digital literacy standards improve nursing practice?
Authors: Hamilton Duncan
Published: July 2018

Duncan Hamilton, final year adult nursing student at the University of Surrey, reflects on the questions around technology proficiency for future nurses
The Florence Nightingale Foundation: developing nursing's leaders
Authors: Ward Ursula
Published: July 2018

Ursula Ward, Chief Executive, Florence Nightingale Foundation, chiefexec@florence-nightingale-foundation.org.uk , describes the role of the foundation and its plans for the future
Birthday funding boost puts the focus on patients, research and world-class staff
Authors: Caulfield Maria
Published: July 2018

Excellent heathcare provision requires significant sums of money, says nurse and Conservative MP for Lewes Maria Caulfield, but she stresses that free care for all will remain the guiding principle of the NHS
Equality and justice are at the core of our NHS, so let's keep it that way
Authors: Lee Karen
Published: July 2018

Since its inception in 1948, the NHS has provided universal health care to millions but, suggests nurse and Labour MP for Lincoln Karen Lee, underfunding and privatisation by stealth are threatening its very existence
Surviving the challenges: the NHS at 70
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: July 2018

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, reflects on the reasons for the NHS's continued role in British life after 70 years, despite the many difficulties it has faced
Managing side effects of cancer immunotherapy for the acute physician
Authors: Pickwell-Smith Benjamin A , So Alfred CP , Board Ruth E
Published: July 2018

Immunotherapy is a novel type of anti-cancer treatment that works by upregulating the host's immune system to fight against cancer cells. Landmark immunotherapy trials have demonstrated improvements in response rates and survival compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Specific immunotherapies known as checkpoint inhibitors are now routinely used in a range of cancers including melanoma, lung, renal and urological cancers. Immunotherapies are associated with immune-related adverse events which are very different to those seen with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies. This can present a new challenge to oncologists, acute physicians and the wider team of health-care professionals who look after patients receiving immunotherapy. Generally, these side effects are easily managed but some, if untreated, can be subtle and potentially life-threatening. Patients on immunotherapy may present to a wide variety of medical professionals including the emergency department, primary care and general medical admissions units. It is therefore vital that there is increased awareness and education to identify and manage side effects of immunotherapy effectively.
Governance, accountability and the role of public sector boards
Authors: Schillemans Thomas , Bovens Mark
Published: July 2018

For many public organisations, boards are the primary accountability mechanisms for management. Boards have a multipronged portfolio: strategic advice, employment, external linkage and critical scrutiny. The literature casts serious doubts about their capabilities. There is ‘managerial dominance’. This article reviews existing studies on public sector boards and identifies important reasons why boards are likely to fail as accountability mechanisms. This sets the stage for a new research agenda. When are boards more effective on the micro-level? How to organise effective checks and balances around organisations? And why has the board-model become so popular: is this learning or blame-shifting?
The impact of conditionality on the welfare rights of EU migrants in the UK
Authors: Dwyer Peter James , Scullion Lisa , Jones Katy , Stewart Alasdair
Published: July 2018

This paper highlights and explores how conditionality operating at three levels (the EU supranational level, the UK national level and in migrants’ mundane ‘street level’ encounters with social security administrators), come together to restrict and have a negative impact on the social rights of EU migrants living in the UK. Presenting analysis of new data generated in repeat qualitative interviews with 49 EU migrants resident in the UK, the paper makes an original contribution to understanding how the conditionality inherent in macro level EU and UK policy has seriously detrimental effects on the everyday lives of individual EU migrants.
Effect of Combining Electron Beam Irradiation and Alkaline Pretreatments of OPEFB for Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Ethanol
Authors: Dahnum Deliana , Barlianti Vera , Sembiring Kiky C. , Kristiani Anis , Muryanto Muryanto , Sudiyani Yanni
Published: July 2018

The effect of pretreatment process from the combination of electron beam irradiation and alkaline to Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) was studied. The combination of pretreatment method was considered as an alternative way to increase glucose yield. In this study, OPEFB was pretreated using Electron Beam Irradiation (EBI) at 100 kGy and 300 kGy and followed by chemical pretreatment. In chemical pretreatment, irradiated OPEFB was reacted with sodium hydroxide 6% and 10% in stirred vessel at 4 bars and 150 oC for 30 min. The effectiveness of pretreatment was evaluated by calculating the composition of chemical component using National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Method. The samples which were hydrolyzed using enzymes with the addition of 30 FPU of CellicCTec2 per gram of pretreated biomass resulted high glucose in the amount of 9.86%. The fermentation process using Saccharomyces cereviceae obtained the highest ethanol concentration for 5.36% at 72h. The combination of the two pretreatment methods gave an effect on the weight loss, chemical composition, structure, and enzymatic hydrolysis product
From Ethical Codes to Ethics as Praxis: An Invitation
Authors: Bannister Kelly
Published: July 2018

Ethical guidance for research involving Indigenous and traditional communities, cultural knowledge, and associated biological resources has evolved significantly over recent decades. Formal guidance for ethnobiological research has been thoughtfully articulated and codified in many helpful ways, including but by no means limited to the Code of Ethics of the International Society of Ethnobiology. We have witnessed a successful and necessary era of “research ethics codification” with ethical awareness raised, fora established for debate and policy development, and new tools evolving to assist us in treating one another as we agree we ought to within the research endeavor. Yet most of us still struggle with ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and differences that arise as part of the inevitable uncertainties and lived realities of our cross-cultural work. Is it time to ask what more (or what else) might we do, to lift the words on a page that describe how we should conduct ourselves, to connecting with the relational intention of those ethical principles and practices in concrete, meaningful ways? How might we discover ethics as relationship and practice while we necessarily aspire to follow adopted ethical codes as prescription? This paper brings together Willie Ermine’s concept of “ethical space” and Darrell Posey’s recognition of the spiritual values of biodiversity with a unique selection of insights from other fields of practice, such as intercultural communication, conflict resolution and martial arts, to invite a new conceptualization of research ethics in ethnobiology as ethical praxis.
The Long Program for Ethics in Ethnobiology
Authors: Fowler Cynthia T. , Herron Scott
Published: July 2018

Ethics is a core interest of practicing ethnobiologists and a function of healthy relationships between individuals, cultures, researchers, and the foci of study. Changing times and cultural identities require clear reflections among scientists and responsive interactions with the individuals and cultures who work with ethnobiologists. This Ethnobiology Letters special issue, “Ethics in Ethnobiology,” explores the diverse ways in which intentional conversations about ethics guide us as we encounter unforeseen circumstances and witness changing values in ourselves as well as our collaborators.  Moreover, by integrating the ethics of diverse interlocutors into their own research endeavors, these authors illustrate how ethnobiologists listen deeply to the values of their research collaborators.
An Efficient Implementation of the Finite-volume Method For the Solution of Radiation Transport in Circuit Breakers
Authors: Mazaheri A. , Trépanier J. Y. , Camarero R. , Robin-Jouan P.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we propose to revisit the method to solve the radiation transport equation in circuit breakers to reduce the computation time. It is based on an explicit approach using a space marching algorithm. The method can further be accelerated using a Cartesian grid and using the axisymmetric assumption. Comparisons performed in terms of accuracy and efficiency between the P1 model, the implicit finite-volume discrete ordinate method and the space-marching finite-volume discrete ordinate method show that the explicit approach is more that an order of magnitude faster than the implicit approach, for the same accuracy.
Interruption of Weakly Cooled Arcs in Air and Airplus
Authors: Ranjan N. , Carstensen J. , Scheel S.
Published: July 2018

Switching of low current arcs in free burning or weakly cooled conditions is mainly determined by the thermal properties of the gas. Products with such switching conditions are widely found in secondary distribution medium voltage (MV) gas insulated switchgears (GIS). In this study, we compare the current interruption capability of synthetic air and AirPlusTM, i.e. a mixture of synthetic air with C5F10O fluoroketone (C5-FK). We focus on thermal interruption performance of the gases. AirPlus mixture corresponds to -25 °C condensation temperature of C5-FK. An arc is drawn between the contacts and cooled by blowing cold gas from a tank. Blowing pressure required for current interruption is compared. Within the measurement accuracy, the current interruption performance of both gases is similar. Chemical analysis of the AirPlus mixture after 69 shots was performed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) and it shows very little decrease in the concentration of C5-FK.
Kryzys imigracyjny w UE w latach 2015–2017. Aspekty prawne i polityczne
Authors: KOSMAN MICHAŁ M.
Published: July 2018

Inspiracją do przygotowania powyższego artykułu stał się kryzys imigracyjny, który dotknął Unię Europejską z początkiem drugiej dekady XXI wieku, gdy do Europy zaczęły przybywać z niespotykaną wcześniej intensywnością rzesze imigrantów uciekających przed przemocą bądź ubóstwem. Dokonano w nim przeglądu najistotniejszych podstaw prawnomiędzynarodowych dotyczących uchodźców, poczynając od konwencji genewskiej z 1951 r. Szczególna uwaga została położona na główne akty z zakresu Wspólnego Europejskiego Systemu Azylowego oraz analizę istotniejszych treści kluczowych decyzji Rady UE dotyczących relokacji imigrantów z lat 2015–2016, jak również porozumienia pomiędzy UE a Turcją na temat odsyłania nielegalnych imigrantów. W dalszej części dokonano przybliżenia danych statystycznych dotyczących przyznawania ochrony międzynarodowej w UE oraz analizy treści skarg Słowacji i Węgier przeciwko decyzjom o relokacji. Artykuł podsumowują wnioski i rekomendacje odnośnie zarządzania kryzysem migracyjnym.
The role of ethno-regional parties in European integration. Is it a distractor or a catalyst?
Authors: TROSIAK CEZARY
Published: July 2018

W artykule autor stara się ustalić, jaką rolę powinny i mogą odgrywać partie regionalne procesie integracji europejskiej. Znaczenie tego pytania wynika z faktu, że partie regionalne spotykają się z niechęcią ze strony władz politycznych i społeczeństw „państw narodowych” We wstępie autor pokazuje, w jaki sposób zmieniło się podejście do regionalizmu w Europie w połowie lat 80. XX w. Najbardziej widoczne jest ono w koncepcji „nowego regionalizmu”. Kontynuując swoje rozważania autor opisuje toczącą się debatę na temat tego jaką rolę odgrywają partie regionalne, a zwłaszcza ich szczególna forma jaką są partie etnoregionalne w systemach politycznych współczesnych państw europejskich. Podano również przykład rywalizacji politycznej w regionie i ogólnych zasad rządzących konkurencją na poziomie regionu. Autor wierzy, że analiza funkcjonowania regionalnych systemów partyjnych może być przydatna w analizowaniu procesów społeczno- politycznych, zwłaszcza na Górnym Śląsku.
Hybrydowość granic Unii Europejskiej w środowisku międzynarodowym
Authors: MORACZEWSKA ANNA
Published: July 2018

Granica jest kluczowym elementem strategii bezpieczeństwa państwa. UE jako podmiot stosunków międzynarodowych przyczyniła się do jakościowej zmiany istoty granic państwowych. Z jednej strony uwzględnia jej funkcję porządkowania dwóch systemów prawnych na poziomie suwerennych państw, a z drugiej „odrywa” granicę od jej jedynie terytorialnego wymiaru, wyznaczającego zakres owej suwerenności, i umieszcza w przestrzeni, gdzie zachodzi synteza interakcji między różnymi podmiotami stosunków międzynarodowych. Idea funkcjonowania granic Unii Europejskiej wpasowuje się w koncepcję hybrydowej struktury samej Unii. Jest unikalnym bytem w kategorii prawa międzynarodowego, nie mając swojego odpowiednika w żadnej innej aktualnej strukturze integracyjnej. Granice UE są hybrydową formą tradycyjnie rozumianego określenia granicy w odniesieniu do państwa, cechuje je nie jednorodność i zmienność funkcjonalna oraz wysoka wrażliwość na turbulencje środowiska międzynarodowego.
Patrząc na Wschód: Unia Europejska wobec niestabilnego wschodniego sąsiedztwa
Authors: STĘPNIEWSKI TOMASZ
Published: July 2018

Niniejszy artykuł – w sposób bardzo skrótowy – analizuje politykę Unii Europejskiej wobec wschodnich sąsiadów. W pierwszej kolejności ukazano sytuację UE (kryzysy, z jakimi boryka się Wspólnota), a następnie zaprezentowano sytuację państw wschodniego sąsiedztwa (przez pryzmat polityki Partnerstwa Wschodniego), z położeniem nacisku na tzw. kryzys ukraiński. Kryzys ukraiński, de facto trwający konflikt zbrojny Rosji z Ukrainą, powoduje, że zmianie uległa nie tylko sytuacja geopolityczna Europy Wschodniej, ale również warunki, w jakich realizowana jest polityka wschodnia Unii Europejskiej. Inaczej mówiąc, agresja Rosji na Ukrainę spowodowała, że UE znalazła się w bardzo trudnej  sytuacji i zmuszona została do zmiany swej polityki względem Rosji. Projekt Partnerstwa Wschodniego Unii Europejskiej jest projektem długoterminowym i w takich kategoriach powinien być postrzegany. Należy również pamiętać, że wśród państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej występują państwa przeciwne, obojętne lub sojusznicze w odniesieniu do polityki wschodniej Unii Europejskiej, w tym do inicjatywy Partnerstwa Wschodniego.
Jan Szczepan Otrębski – lituanista dwóch uniwersytetów w Wilnie i w Poznaniu
Authors: Gawrońska-Garstka Magdalena
Published: July 2018

Jan Szczepan Otrębski – lituanista dwóch uniwersytetów w Wilnie i w Poznaniu
The Return of the Prodigal Son
Authors: Hamans Camiel
Published: July 2018

The Return of the Prodigal Son
Lexical transfer in L2 acquisition and its cognitive categories (a case study of Lithuanian as a foreign language)
Authors: Marcinkiewicz Józef
Published: July 2018

Lexical transfer in L2 acquisition and its cognitive categories (a case study of Lithuanian as a foreign language)
Wizerunek filozofa greckiego jako transkomunikatora zarządzającego zasobami językowymi i pozajęzykowymi
Authors: Tuszyńska Krystyna
Published: July 2018

Wizerunek filozofa greckiego jako transkomunikatora zarządzającego zasobamijęzykowymi i pozajęzykowymi
A Resistivity Survey of Phosphate Nodules in Oshoshun, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Sanuade Oluseun Adetola , Olaojo Abayomi Adesola , Akanji Adesoji Olumayowa , Oladunjoye Michael Adeyinka , Omolaiye Gabriel E.
Published: July 2018

This geophysical study was carried out to determine the occurrence of phosphate nodules in the Oshoshun Formation of the Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. The electrical resistivity method, comprising 1D vertical electrical sounding (VES; using Schlumberger array) and 2D geoelectrical imaging (using Wenner array), was used to determine the nature and depth of occurrence of the phosphate nodules. Six profile lines were established within the study area, and inverted sections were generated from the apparent resistivity data using DIPRO inversion algorithm. Five VES points were also acquired in the study area, and Win- Resist programme was used to process and interpret the field resistivity data. Four pits were dug along the profiles to verify the interpreted results. The results obtained by both techniques reveal similar geoelectric units: the top soil, clay, clayey sand and clay at different depths. These layers host pockets of phosphate nodules (78-≥651 Ωm) with varying thicknesses. The strong correlation between the lithology profiles obtained from the pits and the interpreted results of the inverted apparent resistivity sections demonstrates the efficacy of the electrical resistivity method in characterising phosphate occurrence within the formation.
Match Running Performance of Elite Soccer Players: V̇o 2max and Players Position Influences
Authors: Metaxas Thomas I.
Published: July 2018

Metaxas, TI. Match running performance of elite soccer players: V̇o
2max and players position influences. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 162–168, 2021—The aims of this study were (a) to assess the relationship between laboratory-measured V̇o
2max with total distance covered in a soccer match, (b) to assess the relationship between laboratory-measured V̇o
2max with the distance covered at a different running intensity in a soccer match, (c) to quantify different intensity running in various playing positions, and (d) to determine the differences of running performance between halves. Analyzed match running performance of the Greek elite (n = 14) soccer players using a global positioning system within the second division professional league. No correlation was found between V̇o
2max and match running performance at any velocity. The players covered greater distances in the first half at all speed levels except walking. In the first half, they covered a greater distance than in the second half (1,533 vs. 1,297 m, p < 0.001; 879 vs. 708 m, p < 0.001; 433 vs. 359 m, p < 001; 185 vs. 152 m, p < 0.01; 81.4 vs. 65.5 m, p < 0.001) when jogging, running, high-intensity running, fast running, sprint and total, respectively. Wide players covered greater distances at fast running (p < 0.001) and sprint zone than the players who played at the axon of the field (348 vs. 297 and 186 vs. 113 m, respectively). In addition, midfielders covered a greater distance at high-intensity running zone and at fast running zone than the defenders and forwards (1,768 vs. 1,372 m, p < 0.01 and 1,768 vs. 1,361 m, p < 0.01; 686 vs. 878 m, p < 0.01 and 709 vs. 878 m, p < 0.05, respectively). The results demonstrate that match running performance and the distance covered depends on the tactical role of each player in the team. These data provide valuable information for coaches regarding the running profile of the Greek elite soccer players that could be used to design a more effective training program.
Comparison of Acute Energy Expenditure and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Equivalent Bouts of Circuit Training and Treadmill Running
Authors: Brewer Christi B. , Booher Breann M. , Lawton Nathaniel
Published: July 2018

Brewer, CB, Booher, BM, and Lawton, N. Comparison of acute energy expenditure and rating of perceived exertion in equivalent bouts of circuit training and treadmill running. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 680–687, 2021—Circuit weight training (CT) maximizes exercise density, which may lead to an inaccurate perception of energy expenditure (EE). The purpose of this study was to compare acute EE indices and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between CT and an equivalent bout of treadmill running (TR). College-aged men (n = 9) who regularly engaged in running and resistance training performed CT first. Circuit weight training that consisted of 10 resistance stations (40% of 1 repetition maximum, 15 repetitions, 60 b·min−1) was performed for 20 minutes. Heart rate (HR) and EE (Cosmed K4b2) were monitored continuously, and RPE was assessed consistently. A 20-min TR session was performed at the average HR maintained during CT. Dependent t-tests were used to assess differences in RPE, total EE (TEE, kcal), rate of EE (REE, kcal·min−1), and relative REE (RREE, kcal·kg−1·min−1) between CT and TR. Pearson's correlation was used to examine relationships between RPE and EE indices. Total EE was lower during CT (168.19 ± 16.42) than TR (244.20 ± 44.80); REE was lower during CT (8.49 ± 0.90) than TR (12.21 ± 2.24); and RREE was lower during CT (0.10 ± 0.02) than TR (0.15 ± 0.02) (all p < 0.001). Circuit weight training RPE (6.0 ± 1.1) was greater than TR (4.1 ± 0.6) (p < 0.001). There was no association between RPE and EE indices (p > 0.05). The average HR elicited by CT was 61% HR reserve. At equivalent HRs and duration, CT resulted in a significantly higher RPE but lower EE. It is imperative for subjects engaged in CT to understand that although CT results in HR values within an aerobic training zone and feels more strenuous, it is not associated with greater acute EE.
Membrane Fluidity Is Regulated Cell Nonautonomously byCaenorhabditis elegansPAQR-2 and Its Mammalian Homolog AdipoR2
Authors: Bodhicharla Rakesh , Devkota Ranjan , Ruiz Mario , Pilon Marc
Published: July 2018

The properties of cell membranes are determined mostly by the types of fatty acids that they contain. Bodhicharla et al. report that a key regulator of membrane fluidity, the PAQR-2/IGLR-2 protein complex...

Maintenance of membrane properties is an essential aspect of cellular homeostasis of which the regulatory mechanisms remain mostly uncharacterized. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the PAQR-2 and IGLR-2 proteins act together as a plasma membrane sensor that responds to decreased fluidity by promoting fatty acid desaturation, hence restoring membrane fluidity. Here, we used mosaic analysis for paqr-2 and iglr-2, and tissue-specific paqr-2 expression, to show that membrane homeostasis is achieved cell nonautonomously. Specifically, we found that expression of paqr-2 in the hypodermis, gonad sheath cells, or intestine is sufficient to suppress systemic paqr-2 mutant phenotypes, including tail tip morphology, membrane fluidity in intestinal cells, cold and glucose intolerance, vitellogenin transport to the germline, germ cell development, and brood size. Finally, we show that the cell nonautonomous regulation of membrane homeostasis is conserved in human cells: HEK293 cells that express AdipoR2, a homolog of paqr-2, are able to normalize membrane fluidity in distant cells where AdipoR2 has been silenced. Finally, using C. elegans mutants and small interfering RNA against Δ9 stearoyl-CoA desaturase in HEK293 cells, we show that Δ9 desaturases are essential for the cell nonautonomous maintenance of membrane fluidity. We conclude that cells are able to share membrane components even when they are not in direct contact with each other, and that this contributes to the maintenance of membrane homeostasis in C. elegans and human cells.
Effect of Employee Engagement Strategies on Social Accountability and Reactivity in Nigerian Tertiary Health Institutions
Authors: Abata* Dr. Richard Yon
Published: July 2018

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Chrześcijanin multimedialny – śladami wideoblogerów katolickich
Authors: Raś Dariusz
Published: July 2018

Warto śledzić wideoblogerów – katolików w internecie. Ewangelizacja na YouTubie żyje bowiem różnorodnością podejmowanych tematów. Polskie vlogi katolickie zajmują się różną tematyką: od nauczania doktryny wiary po lifestyle, obronę życia i zwyczajne odpowiedzi na pytania odbiorców. Warto poznać sieć od tej strony. Komunikacja w nowych mediach otwiera nowe agory – przestrzenie spotkań z ludźmi. Nowe media otwierają cały sektor dla nowej ewangelizacji, a wideoblog to narzędzie przydatne ewangelizatorowi do stania się influencerem, liderem opinii czy przewodnikiem prowadzącym do Boga w internetowym chaosie. Warto, aby nowe technologie spotkały się z Bogiem. Warto, aby w nowych technologiach częściej mówiono o Bogu.
Balloon Dilatation of Esophageal Strictures in Children With Bullous Epidermolysis: Description of Case Series
Authors: Tupylenko A. V. , Lohmatov M. M. , Murashkin N. N. , Dyakonova E. Y. , Filinov I. V. , Maksimova S. A. , Epishev R. V. , Surkova I. A. , Budkina T. N. , Oldakovsky V. I.
Published: July 2018

Esophageal strictures are the most common complications of bullous epidermolysis in children. Strictures cause the development of dysphagia that prevents oral alimentation and receipt of an adequate amount of nutrients that is accompanied by a violation of nutritional status, weight loss, and delayed physical development of a child. Disturbed swallowing can also cause aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, and airway obstruction. To eliminate dysphagia and reduce the risk of complications, it is necessary to restore esophageal patency. The article describes the results of X-ray with assisted balloon dilatation in 19 children with bullous epidermolysis and dysphagia. It is shown that this method of esophagus recanalization allows to effectively and safely restore oral alimentation of children already in the first day after intervention with a gradual expansion of the diet.
Acute Respiratory Viral Infection in Children: Modern Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Baranov Alexander A. , Lobzin Yuriy V. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Tatochenko Vladimir K. , Uskov Alexander N. , Kulichenko Tatiana V. , Bakradze Maya D. , Vishneva Elena A. , Selimzianova Liliia R. , Polyakova Anastasia S. , Artemova Inga V. , Promyslova Elena A.
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in children. ARVI take one of the leading places in a childhood morbidity structure. The article provides an overview of the clinical guidelines developed and approved by the professional association «Union of Pediatricians of Russia» for acute respiratory infections in children. These guidelines summarize the experience of the leading world and domestic specialists, contain scientific and practical data that correspond to the most relevant trends in the management of children with this pathology. The authors present modern information on the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical findings and differential diagnosis of various nosological forms of acute respiratory tract infections in the pediatric population. The general (strategic) principles of drug-free and drug treatment are discussed in detail.
ETANERCEPT TREATMENT RESULTS IN CHILDREN WITH NON-SYSTEMIC JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS: REMISSION, RECRUDESCENCE, AND ADVERSE EVENTS. RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Kostik Mikhail M. , Chikova Irina A. , Isupova Eugenia A. , Likhacheva Maria N. , Likhacheva Tatyana S. , Dubko Margaruta F. , Masalova Vera V. , Snegireva Ludmila S. , Gaidar Ekaterina V. , Kalashnikova Olga V. , Chasnyk Vyacheslav G.
Published: July 2018

Background.Etanercept is a biological drug most commonly used in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The results of its use are showed in local studies.

Objective.Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of etanercept in children with non-systemic JIA, to determine the predictors of remission and the risk factors for the development of exacerbations.

Methods.In a retrospective cohort study, the results of etanercept treatment (remission, exacerbations, adverse events) in children with non-systemic JIA were analyzed. The minimum follow-up period was 6 months.

Results.The period of remission within 6–36 months occurred in 77/131 (58.8%), exacerbations developed in 18/129 (14.0%) patients. Predictors of achieving remission were the age of JIA onset < 8 years [relative risk (RR) 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–3.23], the age of prescribing etanercept ≤ 10 years (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.22–2.38), the time of the disease prior to etanercept prescription < 2.5 years (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.4), the presence of HLA-B27 antigen (RR 2.15, 95% CI 0.98–4.75; p = 0.06). The risk of exacerbations was higher in children with polyarticular JIA (RR 2.7, 95% CI 0.9–8.2; p = 0.08), whereas methotrexate therapy reduced the risk of exacerbations (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.1–1.15; p = 0.05). Etanercept was discontinued due to primary (improvement by the ACRpedi criteria after 3 months of therapy <30%) or secondary (loss of previously achieved ≥ 30% improvement) failure in 14/152 (9.2%) patients; de novo uveitis developed in 8/152 (5.3%) patients; reactions at the injection site — in 6/152 (4.0%) patients.

Conclusion.Therapy involving etanercept is more likely to induce remission in younger patients with JIA onset at the age of 8 years and a history of less than 2.5 years. A high risk of exacerbations was noted in patients with polyarticular JIA, and low one — in those receiving methotrexate as a part of combined therapy.
Regarding the Focus on Metrics in the Residency Application Process
Authors: Prayson Richard
Published: July 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. No Abstract was necessary for this article.
DO FATS OR CARBOHYDRATES SHORTEN OUR LIVES? WHAT DOES THE PURE STUDY REVEAL?
Authors: Demkina A. E. , Boytsov S. A.
Published: July 2018

Healthy nutrition decreases the risk of cardiovascular disorders (CVD). Optimal content of fatty acids is an important point in clinical guidelines. However, during more than a half century of observation, the influence of fatty acids on CVD development is still debated. Recent decades, there has been a range of ecological studies conducted, on the relation of macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and CVD. In 2017, at the annual Congress of Cardiological society, results of PURE study (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study) were reported. The article as focused on analysis of the PURE and explores reasons for the results as these were reported.
Ter estado resultante não é ter construção resultativa: predicados secundários pseudo-resultativos e orações adjuntas de resultado no português brasileiro
Authors: Barbosa Julio William Curvelo
Published: July 2018

RESUMO: O objetivo deste artigo é retomar a discussão na literatura acerca da presença de construções resultativas no português brasileiro. Este trabalho defende a hipótese de que não existam equivalentes sintáticos - e, consequentemente, semânticos - às construções resultativas nessa língua. Para justificar essa proposta, será demonstrado que línguas com emoldurações diferentes (framing, cf.: Talmy 2000, 2009, 2012) licenciam construções diferentes. Ademais, ao contrário das construções defendidas como resultativas no português brasileiro, construções resultativas genuínas correspondem somente a contextos em que o verbo denota modo/maneira, e o estado resultante da ação é expresso por um predicado secundário, parte de um domínio mono-oracional (vP).
Induction of First-Order Decision Lists: Results on Learning the Past Tense of English Verbs
Authors: Mooney R. J. , Califf M. E.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a method for inducing logic programs from examples that learns a new class of concepts called first-order decision lists, defined as ordered lists of clauses each ending in a cut. The method, called FOIDL, is based on FOIL (Quinlan, 1990) but employs intensional background knowledge and avoids the need for explicit negative examples. It is particularly useful for problems that involve rules with specific exceptions, such as learning the past-tense of English verbs, a task widely studied in the context of the symbolic/connectionist debate. FOIDL is able to learn concise, accurate programs for this problem from significantly fewer examples than previous methods (both connectionist and symbolic).
Improved Heterogeneous Distance Functions
Authors: Wilson D. R. , Martinez T. R.
Published: July 2018

Instance-based learning techniques typically handle continuous and linear input values well, but often do not handle nominal input attributes appropriately. The Value Difference Metric (VDM) was designed to find reasonable distance values between nominal attribute values, but it largely ignores continuous attributes, requiring discretization to map continuous values into nominal values. This paper proposes three new heterogeneous distance functions, called the Heterogeneous Value Difference Metric (HVDM), the Interpolated Value Difference Metric (IVDM), and the Windowed Value Difference Metric (WVDM). These new distance functions are designed to handle applications with nominal attributes, continuous attributes, or both. In experiments on 48 applications the new distance metrics achieve higher classification accuracy on average than three previous distance functions on those datasets that have both nominal and continuous attributes.
Towards Flexible Teamwork
Authors: Tambe M.
Published: July 2018

Many AI researchers are today striving to build agent teams for complex, dynamic multi-agent domains, with intended applications in arenas such as education, training, entertainment, information integration, and collective robotics. Unfortunately, uncertainties in these complex, dynamic domains obstruct coherent teamwork. In particular, team members often encounter differing, incomplete, and possibly inconsistent views of their environment. Furthermore, team members can unexpectedly fail in fulfilling responsibilities or discover unexpected opportunities. Highly flexible coordination and communication is key in addressing such uncertainties. Simply fitting individual agents with precomputed coordination plans will not do, for their inflexibility can cause severe failures in teamwork, and their domain-specificity hinders reusability. Our central hypothesis is that the key to such flexibility and reusability is providing agents with general models of teamwork. Agents exploit such models to autonomously reason about coordination and communication, providing requisite flexibility. Furthermore, the models enable reuse across domains, both saving implementation effort and enforcing consistency. This article presents one general, implemented model of teamwork, called STEAM. The basic building block of teamwork in STEAM is joint intentions (Cohen & Levesque, 1991b); teamwork in STEAM is based on agents' building up a (partial) hierarchy of joint intentions (this hierarchy is seen to parallel Grosz & Kraus's partial SharedPlans, 1996). Furthermore, in STEAM, team members monitor the team's and individual members' performance, reorganizing the team as necessary. Finally, decision-theoretic communication selectivity in STEAM ensures reduction in communication overheads of teamwork, with appropriate sensitivity to the environmental conditions. This article describes STEAM's application in three different complex domains, and presents detailed empirical results.
Integrative Windowing
Authors: Fuernkranz J.
Published: July 2018

In this paper we re-investigate windowing for rule learning algorithms. We show that, contrary to previous results for decision tree learning, windowing can in fact achieve significant run-time gains in noise-free domains and explain the different behavior of rule learning algorithms by the fact that they learn each rule independently. The main contribution of this paper is integrative windowing, a new type of algorithm that further exploits this property by integrating good rules into the final theory right after they have been discovered. Thus it avoids re-learning these rules in subsequent iterations of the windowing process. Experimental evidence in a variety of noise-free domains shows that integrative windowing can in fact achieve substantial run-time gains. Furthermore, we discuss the problem of noise in windowing and present an algorithm that is able to achieve run-time gains in a set of experiments in a simple domain with artificial noise.