bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mistuning Identification and Model Updating of an Industrial Blisk
Authors: Laxalde D. , Thouverez F. , Sinou J.-J. , Lombard J.-P. , Baumhauer S.
Published: March 2007

The results of a complete study of mistuning identification on an industrial blisk are presented. The identification method used here is based on a model-updating technique of a reduced order. This reduced-order model is built using component mode synthesis, and mistuning is introduced as perturbations of the cantilevered-blade modes. The measured modal data are extracted from global measurements of the blisk's forced response. As we use a single point excitation, this measurement procedure allows the acquisition of all the modes of a given family with a quite simple experimental set-up. A selection of the best identified modal data is finally performed. During the mistuning identification procedure, these measured data are regularized using an eigenvector assignment technique which reduces the influence of eventual measurement errors. An inverse problem, based on the perturbed (mistuned) modal equation, is defined with measured modes as input and mistuning parameters as unknown. Then, the reduced-order model is updated with the identified mistuning, we first perform a correlation on modal responses (using eigenfrequency deviation criteria and MACs). Finally, correlation results on forced responses are presented and discussed.
Existence and Data Dependence of Fixed Points and Strict Fixed Points for Contractive-Type Multivalued Operators
Authors: Chifu Cristian , Petruşel Gabriela
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this paper is to present several existence and data dependence results of the fixed points of some multivalued generalized contractions in complete metric spaces. As for application, a continuation result is given.
On the Common Index Divisors of a Dihedral Field of Prime Degree
Authors: Spearman Blair K. , Williams Kenneth S. , Yang Qiduan
Published: March 2007

A criterion for a prime to be a common index divisor of a dihedral field of prime degree is given. This criterion is used to determine the index of families of dihedral fields of degrees 5 and 7.
Nonlinear Optical Study of Nano‐Sized Effects in a‐Si: H Thin Films Deposited by RF‐Glow Discharge
Authors: Ebothé J. , Plucinski K. J. , Nouneh K. , Roca i Cabarrocas P. , Kityk I. V.
Published: March 2007

We have evidenced the high sensitivity of infrared‐induced second harmonic generation (IR‐ISHG) to the structural changes occurred in amorphous hydrogenated silicon films (a‐Si: H) prepared by RF‐glow discharge technique at different substrate temperatures and doping types. In every case, a maximal signal of the IR‐induced SHG is achieved at temperature of about 110 K and pump‐probe delaying time about 22–39 ps. It indicates a marked effect of doped subsystems in the observed nonlinear optical effects. A substantial effect of doping is established from a drastic change of the IR‐induced SHG behavior presenting an anomaly at about 400 MW/cm2 for a pumping power with wavelength 1.54 μm. A minimum of the SHG is observed in that case for standard nondoped films. Note here that the doping type does not affect the behavior of the second‐order nonlinear optical susceptibility. The thermo annealing leads to a slight decrease of the effective second‐order susceptibilities. Larger changes are observed with doped samples for the pump‐probe delaying time from about 39 till 24 ps.
Climate Variability and Corn Yields in Semiarid Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Sun Liqiang , Li Huilan , Ward M. Neil , Moncunill David F.
Published: March 2007

Understanding of climate influence on crop yields can help in the design of policies to reduce climate-related vulnerability in many parts of the world, including the target of this case study—the state of Ceará, Brazil. The study has examined the relationships between climate variations and corn yields and, in addition, has estimated the potential predictability of corn yields in Ceará drawing on the now well-established seasonal predictability of the region’s climate based on prevailing patterns of sea surface temperature (SST), especially in the tropical Atlantic and tropical Pacific Oceans. The relationships between corn yields and climate variables have been explored using observed data for the period of 1952–2001. A linear regression–based corn-yield model was evaluated by comparing the model-simulated yields with the observations using three goodness-of-fit measures: the coefficient of determination, the index of agreement, and the mean absolute error. A comparative performance analysis was carried out on several climate variables to determine the most appropriate climate index for simulating corn yields in Ceará. A weather index was defined to measure the severity of drought and flooding conditions in the growing season for corn. The analysis indicated that the weather index is the best climate parameter for simulating corn yields in Ceará. The observed weather index can explain 56.8% of the variance of the observed corn yields. High potential predictability of the weather index was revealed by the evaluation of an ensemble of 10 runs with the NCEP Regional Spectral Model nested into the ECHAM4.5 atmospheric general circulation model, driven with observed SSTs in each season for the period of 1971–2000. Whereas these runs are based on the actual observed SST pattern in each season, other studies have shown that persistence of SST over several months is sufficient for a true predictive capability. The aim here was to show that the SST-forced component of climate variation does translate into the weather features that are important for crop yields. Indeed, the results demonstrate the striking extent to which the year-to-year changes in SST force local climate characteristics that can specify the year-to-year variations in corn yields. The variance of corn yield explained by the SST-driven model was 49.5%.
The Effects of Advisors on Business Game Teams
Authors: Starbuck William H. , Kobrow Ernest
Published: March 2007

The authors test the consequences of adding coaches to teams of graduate students playing a business management game. Dr. Starbuck is Visiting Associate Professor of Social Relations at The Johns Hopkins University, and Associate Professor of Administrative Sciences and Economics at Purdue University. Mr. Kobrow was formerly a research associate at Purdue, and is presently pursuing graduate study at Tulane University
Crossing the Boundary: The Framing of a Qing Political Community in Frontier Taiwan
Authors: Tiruchelvam Mithran
Published: March 2007

A frontier is created when a community occupies a territory. From then on the frontier is changed and shaped by the activity and growth of the community, or by the impact of it on another community. History being composed of records of growth, it is the changing of frontiers by the social growth of communities that is of primary importance for the historian.1
The Entrepreneurial Concept of
Authors: McCleary Ken W. , Meeske John F.
Published: March 2007

The difficulty of financing a huge resort development can be reduced by splitting the resort's attractions into separate, cooperating businesses. Here's how one resort was turned around by this new "entrepreneurial" concept
Theoretical and Practical Considerations in
Authors: Lewis Robert C.
Published: March 2007

Your hotel's or restaurant's business position can be improved through marketing re search. Here are some of the things you should know before you conduct a study
Submetering of Hotel Utilities
Authors: Redlin Michael H. , Goland Lawrence M.
Published: March 2007

Cost savings from energy conservation are most likely to be realized when managers have direct knowledge of their own departments' energy consumption. The little-used technique of submetering can provide this knowledge, offering hoteliers more control of their utility budgets and more precision in allocating costs
Sensory Evaluation of Food
Authors: Skelton Marilyn
Published: March 2007

Consumers' acceptance of menu changes can be predicted through use of taste panels. Here's how restaurateurs can use this testing process to ensure the success of new menu items and to maintain the quality of existing menu items
Runaways and Research in the Training School
Authors: Levine Stanley
Published: March 2007

Faced with the perennial problem of runaways, the Illinois State Training School for Boys conducted a series of exploratory studies to find out which elements in the institution program stimulated or abetted the impulse to run, and to discover the reasons for the susceptibility of boys to those flight-stimulating elements.
Research in a Probation Department
Authors: Smith Alexander B. , Bassin Alexander
Published: March 2007

The reasons why few probation departments engage in research are that they deal in direct services rather than self-evaluation and development, they lack adequately trained and motivated staff, and they provide little encouragement for this type of activity. The Kings County Probation Department is an excep tion to the rule. Its creative administration has helped stimulate a number of research projects in the application of group therapy to the treatment of probationers.
Institutional Treatment of Emotionally Disturbed Children
Authors: Konopka Gisela
Published: March 2007

The number of children living in institutions is staggering. Existing knowledge of individual and group dynamics in insti tutional treatment is not being applied. Children must not be pushed from one foster home to another before being placed in an institution. Institutional placement must cease to be con sidered "a last resort"; it must be recognized as an appropriate treatment situation for certain children. Institutions must em phasize the living situation as much as clinical services and must provide for treatment and healthy growth development.
Statistical Controls in a Police Department
Authors: Meyers Arthur C.
Published: March 2007

A police department is in the business of control, specifically the control of crime and traffic. In addition to the usual business control problems, as well as those occasioned by its quasi-military type of management, a police department also has the statistical problem of controlling the quality of crime reporting. For this reason, the department must be kept informed about the number and kinds of incidents that occur in various sections of a city so that sufficient numbers of policemen can be deployed where needed.
Rights of Prisoners in Confinement
Authors: Urbaniak Eugene T.
Published: March 2007

New Jersey, together with other states, has recently been receiving numerous applications for writs of habeas corpus in which prisoners allege denial of their constitutional right to religious freedom, denial of due process, illegal confinement, and other grievances. Supreme Court decisions on several typical cases are presented and compared, with a view toward airing the question of whether decisions favoring the defendant have, in actuality, been defeating the ends of justice.
Group Diagnosis of Delinquent Boys and Their Mothers
Authors: Goldstein Norman , Hassol Leonard , Hutcheson B.R.
Published: March 2007

Since delinquency occurs primarily in groups, the evaluation of delinquent boys, as well as their mothers, may be facilitated by observing them in small groups. Therefore, the Court Clinic of the District Court of East Norfolk decided to make a group study of delinquent boys and their mothers part of its diagnostic services.
Some Dangers in Parole Prediction
Authors: England Ralph W.
Published: March 2007

As prediction techniques are perfected and increasingly used, certain incongruities existing between parole theory and parole prediction may have detrimental effects on parole itself. The inadequacies of substandard parole jurisdictions may become less evident if only good risks are released; challenge to pro fessional skills may be reduced; the administrative advantages inherent in prediction may supersede correctional ends; the principle of individualized treatment may be threatened. The best use to which prediction can be put is in the identification of prisoners whose parole tends to bring this measure into public disrepute.
NCCD Field Services, 1961
Authors: Rector Milton G.
Published: March 2007

This article summarizes the activity of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency during 1961 under the headings of Citizen Action, Field Consultation, Legal and Legislative Serv ice, and Research and Information.
The Federal Attack on Organized Crime
Authors: Silberling Edwyn
Published: March 2007

Organized crime saps the faith of the American people in their government. In an effort to restore that faith, the federal government, through the Organized Crime and Racketeering Section of the Department of Justice, is seeking out and in vestigating the leaders of organized crime and their protectors and employees. The intelligence unit of this section is gathering data on 700 leading racketeers; other agencies are supplying information on thousands of these racketeers' associates. The working leads gleaned from the information are carefully fol lowed up with a view toward making a case and obtaining a conviction. With the aid of the new federal gambling laws passed last year, the federal government has already made inroads into syndicated gambling in many areas of the country.
Helping Mcoholic Criminals
Authors: Pinardi Norman J.
Published: March 2007

This article is taken from a study of a collaborative effort be tween the Florida Probation and Parole Commission and the Florida Alcoholic Rehabilitation Program, both state agencies, in which thirty alcoholic probationers and parolees were volun tarily treated for alcoholism. The author of that study, Dr. S. M. Jourard, of the University of Florida College of Nursing, con sidered the large caseload of probation and parole supervisors in Florida a limiting factor, since the supervisor must maintain close contact with all alcoholic cases in order to evaluate each indi vidual's potential for rehabilitation.
Alcoholism and Law Enforcement
Authors: Borkenstein Robert F.
Published: March 2007

The responsibility of the progressive law enforcement agency is to gain compliance with laws that promote harmony in society. Alcohol tends ,to alter the attitudes of otherwise law-abiding citizens so that there is a high correlation between the excessive use of alcohol and antisocial behavior. Laws in the criminal code dealing with alcohol fall roughly into four categories—those dealing directly with public safety, those that reflect moral at titudes, those reflecting the attitudes of loud minorities, and those dealing with the licensing, revenue, or sale of alcoholic beverages. From the standpoint of the general law enforcement agency, the only laws worthy of energetic enforcement are those dealing with public safety. The others are usually enforced by agencies with special and limited jurisdiction.
Which Public Do You Read?
Authors: Dressler David
Published: March 2007

Correctional workers are sensitive to what they understand to be public demand. On a limited number of matters there is one very solid public opinion, sustained by firmly ingrained cultural values. On most issues this is not so, for there is more than one public. The question therefore is, which public do we seek? Different publics take different stands on honesty, prisons, probation, parole, courts. We can't please them all, and we don't want to. Correctional workers must decide to which public they wish to address themselves, hoping to weld together as many as possible into a public that will support a given position. The correctional administrator has an obligation to assert lead ership in forming public opinion, not merely to follow the existing opinion of given publics. He is a disseminator of ideas, but also a formulator, synthesizer, mobilizer. In this, he is scien tific in approach, humble, receptive to contra ideas. He engages the emotions as well as the intellect. He furnishes knowledge, out of which convictions may be formed. Public opinion does not spring into existence of itself. Someone must mobilize it. The correctional worker's professional competence gives him the right and obligation to attempt it.
Who Knows What about Correction?
Authors: Gibbons Don C.
Published: March 2007

This paper reports the results of a study of the amount and kinds of correctional information held by members of the gen eral public. A few hundred laymen in San Francisco were inter viewed and their responses were compared with those of a small sample of professional correctional workers. The results indicate that most citizens are relatively well informed about the more dramatic aspects of law enforcement and correction but are generally ignorant of the details of correctional procedures. Many are not aware that California's correctional system is widely credited as the most progressive in the United States. Perhaps more surprising is the finding of some major gaps in information among correctional employees. Some implications of these findings are discussed briefly.
Correction and Social Work
Authors: Prigmore Charles S.
Published: March 2007

Every decade since the 1930's, the Council on Social Work Education has issued a curriculum policy statement as a guide and framework for the curriculum development of accredited schools of social work in the United States and Canada. The fourth such statement, issued in 1962, sets forth a number of new directions for the curriculum which emphasize social func tioning, prevention, control, and the methods of group and community organization. It distinguishes between social work as a profession and social welfare as a field.
Citizens and Crime
Authors: Simon Caroline K.
Published: March 2007

A new concept of leadership is needed to improve communica tions between professionals and nonprofessionals interested in the problem of crime and delinquency. The lay citizen's power, coupled with the professional citizen's know-how, can accelerate the pace in prevention, control, and treatment. Once laymen understand the value of professional leadership, they will no longer be "confused" about what will work in correction. They will be able to support the new research and demonstration projects now being developed in the field.
A Substitute for Institutionalization of Serious Delinquents
Authors: Stark Heman G.
Published: March 2007

The California Youth Authority is experimenting with an intensive treatment-control program in the community as a sub stitute for institutionalization of delinquents committed by the juvenile courts of two urban areas. Youths from an eligible pool (excluding the 25 per cent who are a threat to community safety) are assigned at random either to a community treatment group or to an institutionalized group; thus we can compare the relative effectiveness of the two programs in improving parole success and community adjustment of various types of delinquents.
Ten Years' Experience with the Glueck Social Prediction Table
Authors: Craig Maude M. , Glick Selma J.
Published: March 2007

In 1952, the New York City Youth Board embarked upon the first prospective study to determine whether the Glueck Social Prediction Table can discriminate between potential delinquents and nondelinquents as early as the age of six. The sample reported upon consisted of 244 boys entering elementary school in two high delinquency areas. Caseworkers interviewed the mothers of each of the boys and secured background data which would enable scoring on the Glueck Social Prediction Table. Two independent raters scored all cases and noted the boys' chances of becoming delinquents. For the next ten years, each of the boys was followed up through the schools and police and social agencies.
The Present Level of Social Work in Prisons
Authors: Johnson Elmer H.
Published: March 2007

Information for the study of the level of social work in prisons was derived from a questionnaire sent in 1961 to prisons for adult offenders in 47 states and the District of Columbia. Findings indicated that only 14 of 48 state systems employed a person with an M.S.W., while 18 systems had no "social workers."
Public Youth Agencies: A Status Report
Authors: Milne David S.
Published: March 2007

Organization of the National Association of Public Agencies for Youth, in St. Louis, Mo., in May 1961, signalized the rapid growth of public agencies in the field of delinquency prevention. This study reports on the main program features of eleven local (city and county) members of the N.A.P.A.Y. Budgets for the 1962-63 fiscal year for these organizations ranged from less than $20,000 to $6,500,000. Most of them receive their funds from more than one tax source. Over half are less than ten years old. Nearly all support programs designed to coordinate the efforts of local community councils and agencies serving youth. Most of them also support detached group worker projects and youth employment services; several make extensive use of vol unteer workers, especially in local community councils. Several provide special programs designed to serve multiproblem fami lies, frequently through "aggressive casework." Nearly all of these organizations sponsor various kinds of research projects, usually involving an evaluation of the effectiveness of the action programs.
Services for Delinquents
Authors: Willner Milton
Published: March 2007

A review of the annual reports of American agencies serving juveniles is one means for evaluating the adequacy of prevention services. The impression created by most of the reports is one of a great deficiency of services owing to a lack of manpower and facilities. Overwhelmingly large caseloads, staff shortages and turnover, and overcrowding in group facilities characterize the failure of juvenile correctional personnel to provide rehabilitative programs. This article places the finger of blame for this problem on community apathy and legislative indifference and concludes that a program of delinquency prevention should consist of attempts to halt the antisocial behavior of youths already labeled delinquent by strengthening the services and facilities of com munity agencies responsible for providing help.
Halfway House Aftercare for the Released Offender
Authors: Nice Richard W.
Published: March 2007

This article traces the early attempts in Europe to establish facilities that would be a transitional step in releasing the offender into the community and describes some of the more recent American programs of that nature. The paper concludes with a description of Robert Bruce House, a halfway house pro gram sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health and operated in conjunction with the New Jersey State Reformatory, at Bordentown.
The American Scene
Authors: Scarr Daphne
Published: March 2007

A brief account of how the exchange of probation officers between the United States and Britain was initiated and spon sored is followed by a description of its personal and professional impact on the writer. Some variations and differences are item ized. The profusion of social work agencies and the degree to which they specialize are discussed with particular reference to the probation system. The role of the probation officer and the part played by casework supervision are examined; this is followed by comments on the value system operating in each country, with particular reference to attitudes toward authority and the informality of the court. Throughout, comparisons are made with the British system, including the field of education. The writer defines the difference in social attitude toward education and describes her own attitude toward discipline in schools. A discussion follows on the importance of clearly defined legal and social sanctions and the differences between the two countries in social attitudes toward alcoholism and drug addiction.
The British Scene
Authors: Williams Catherine Woodard
Published: March 2007

An American exchange officer with the British Probation Serv ice in Margate, Kent, notes her impressions of the area in which she worked, the British probation officer's responsibilities in and out of court, and some characteristics of the British juvenile delinquent. She discusses hardships arising from the cold, damp winter weather; the omnipresent case record inspections; and her British colleagues' lack of enthusiasm for the exchange program. Several suggestions are offered for changing the program into one that can be more beneficial to the probation officer serving in a foreign country.
The Volunteer's Role in Municipal Court Probation
Authors: Leenhouts Keith J.
Published: March 2007

The Royal Oak Municipal Court, deeply concerned about its inability to rehabilitate offenders and lacking the funds to insti tute a probation program, appealed to the community for help. At first eight persons volunteered to become probation counselors; as time went on some businessmen and clubs donated money. Now, three and a half years later, the court has a probation program that includes presentence investigation, free psycho logical and psychiatric evaluations, an employment counseling service, its own chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous, a church- related program; a staff of six part-time counselors, a psychiatrist in charge of both group and individual psychotherapy, 150 volunteers who act as probationer sponsors, and financial con tributors. The article details the growth of this voluntary pro gram and shows how a community gave of itself—warmly, freely, and without thought of monetary gain—so that its court could institute and maintain an inspirational program of re-education and rehabilitation of the misdemeanant.
A Case Study of a Delinquent
Authors: Treger Harvey
Published: March 2007

This is the case of David, a sixteen-year-old boy in a middle- class suburban community, who was placed on probation for extortion. The strivings of both parents and their materialistic outlook were adversely affecting their guidance of David. David himself was employed part time and conforming to his parents' demands that he turn over his earnings to them.
Confidentiality, Control, and Casework
Authors: Finkelstein Harry
Published: March 2007

The Children's Home of Baltimore, Inc., is a private residen tial treatment center for emotionally disturbed adolescent boys and girls, twelve to sixteen years old at intake. Many of these youngsters are referred by the courts; some are admitted directly from training school. At any given time, one can usually find children in residence who have demonstrated a potential for gross acting out.
Class Bias in Psychodiagnosis of Delinquents
Authors: Harari Carmi , Chwast Jacob
Published: March 2007

A psychologist examining delinquents must take into account the social class differences between himself and his subject before he can arrive at an accurate evaluation of the test responses. The delinquent from a lower social class develops distinctive methods of relating to authority, and may regard the examiner as an authoritative agent to be feared and overtly and subtly evaded.
What Is Delinquency Prevention?
Authors: Finck George H.
Published: March 2007

Prevention means, primarily, promoting human conservation and lowering the risk of juvenile delinquency through interven tion directed at the pathogenic factors in children's biological, psychological, social, and cultural environments before the ap pearance of identifiable legal violation. The one social institu tion which deals with almost all children and which can accom plish this intervention is our public schools. The school social worker, using other school services and community resources, can help children with their emotional and behavioral problems. This article describes a program of school social work developed in Pinellas County, Fla., and its effect on delinquency rates in that area.
The Judge's Attitude and Manner at Sentencing
Authors: Holt Ivan Lee
Published: March 2007

Sentences should be imposed, after careful consideration and the proper procedure, in an impressive court atmosphere. The judge's attitude and manner at sentencing may be as important as the sentence itself, and the effect of even the wisest of sen tences can be completely undone if it is not imposed with con fidence, dignity, understanding, and impartiality.
Alternatives to Arrest of Lesser Offenders
Authors: Robinson Cyril D.
Published: March 2007

Prosecution of the lesser offender is usually begun by arrest. Few states permit the police officer at the scene of the offense to issue a "notice to appear" instead of making an arrest, except for traffic and regulatory offenses; even in those states where "notice to appear" is authorized by statute for wider application,'it is sel dom used.
The Case of the Singing Canary
Authors: Bartoo Chester H.
Published: March 2007

Do harassed law enforcement officers sometimes imply that an offender will receive "special consideration" for probation in return for "singing" about others? If the offender "cooperates" and later comes to the probation officer with the belief that he "has probation coming," how does this affect their subsequent relationship? If the defendant's "singing" has resulted in convic tion of additional offenders, to what extent does this fact affect the probation officer's recommendation? If the defendant's in formation advanced the cause of law enforcement, but certain elements in his background militate strongly against granting probation, how significant is the "reward" factor to total case evaluation? Should the defendant's cooperation with law en forcement officers be set forth in the probation officer's report and thus become a matter of public record? If it cannot be made a part of the report but nevertheless tends to influence the probation officer's evaluation, on what grounds can the officer justify his recommendation to the judge?
Child Welfare Workers in Court
Authors: Mitchell Lynn T.
Published: March 2007

The first section of this article on Kentucky child welfare workers and their relationship to courts and lawyers discusses court organization. It compares the juvenile court and the cir cuit court and describes the workers' roles and responsibilities toward each. The second section discusses the use of a "mock trial" technique to prepare child welfare workers for testifying as witnesses in court hearings. It goes into procedural details and gives some results of the use of a mock trial. The third section presents the different roles of social workers and law yers and points out some of the feelings of each group toward the other. The article ends optimistically, noting that social workers and attorneys can work together for the good of the public in general.
Teen-agers, Drinking, and the Law
Authors: Sterne Muriel W. , Pittman David J. , Coe Thomas
Published: March 2007

Not all alcohol-related offenses committed by youth are equally serious. Liquor law violations are largely an artifact of state laws prohibiting the sale of intoxicating beverages to persons under twenty-one. Studies of teen-age drinking behavior indicate that these laws fail to deter early experimentation with alcohol and often lack either parental or peer-group support. Lowering the age for legal purchase and consumption to eighteen would simplify liquor law enforcement, thereby releasing scarce police resources for the detection of serious crime. Juvenile arrests for other alcohol-related offenses rose 28 per cent in St. Louis in 1950-60, the 'increase suggesting the need for effective and intensive alcohol education in the secondary schools and coop eration between police and social work authorities for selective referral for treatment and re-education of those whose offenses warn of later serious behavior disorders and criminality.
The Jail Blight
Authors: Richmond Mark S.
Published: March 2007

Jails have been part of society's law enforcement machinery for a long time. They have been—and still are—designed for safekeeping and, supposedly, correction of the offender, but many are actually little more than enforced meeting places for society's derelicts. In many respects, these institutions endure as monuments to a bygone era of penology.
The Lawyer's Role at Intake and Detention Stages of Juvenile Court Proceedings
Authors: Rosenheim Margaret K. , Skoler Daniel L.
Published: March 2007

The coming increase in attorney representation of children in juvenile court cases requires careful analysis of the lawyer's role at each major stage of the juvenile court process. Intake and detention are preliminary stages of considerable importance, in volving determinations as to which cases shall be referred for formal disposition and which cases require secure custody of the child pending hearing. Lawyers can play both traditional and special "defense counsel" roles in these stages.
Identifying Delinquency-Prone Children
Authors: Trevvett Nina B.
Published: March 2007

Results obtained from use of predictive tables developed by Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck support the accuracy of predictions made with the original five-factor scale approximately ten years ago in the District of Columbia. A study of the use of several of the Gluecks' modified scales found that a three-factor table which rates the children as having a high, low, or even probability of becoming delinquent proved most accurate. Sub sequently a further scale focused upon the ambiguous even- chance group to discriminate more clearly between those chil dren who are likely to become delinquents and those who are not.
A Statistical Study of Criminal Drug Addicts
Authors: Messinger Emanuel , Zitrin Arthur
Published: March 2007

Psychiatric Clinic study covering all drug addicts arraigned for felonious crimes in New York City between 1954 and 1960 showed that the incidence of psychosis and psychoneurosis in this group is insignificant. The incidence of definite mental deficiency is also extremely low, .02 per cent. Probably half of the individuals seen can be best described as various types of psychopathic personalities. The remainder may be considered to show, at least initially in their histories, lesser types of character and behavior disorders; and their personality defects tend to be predominantly in the fields of ethical and moral laxity and social irresponsibility. Therefore, the logical way for society to deal with the problem of criminal addicts is to use primarily the sociological measures that are determined to be most effective in curbing the depredations of the psychopath, and secondarily whatever educational and sociological measures are determined most useful in elevating the ethical and moral standards and responsibility of the individual citizen.
NCCD Activities 1964
Authors: Rector Milton G.
Published: March 2007

This annual review can no longer be titled "Field Services." The field services, technical consultations, and surveys continue to increase, but other kinds of activity are now equally produc tive and absorb as much staff time. The article discusses NCCD's cooperative efforts with other organizations, special projects, the Information Center, professional and advisory councils, the Citi zen Action Program, special services, the National Institute on Crime and Delinquency, and field services.
Group Reporting in Juvenile Probation
Authors: Irwin Olive T.
Published: March 2007

Experiences of a juvenile probation department with group reporting indicate that it has advantages over individual report ing. Descriptions of some techniques and processes are offered with the suggestions that probation officers without special train ing can conduct this kind of group effectively and that the pro bation officer's position of authority, contrary to traditional be lief, adds to the therapeutic process.
Effects of Group Counseling
Authors: Douglas Earl D. , Fike David , Wierzbinski Ervin J.
Published: March 2007

Staff members of the Lucas County (Toledo, Ohio) Family Court Center became concerned because it seemed that while diagnosis of delinquent behavior was leaning toward an indi vidualized, differential technique, treatment methods were not correspondingly developed. The traditional one-to-one interview was often ineffective. In an effort to find useful alternative meth ods, several staff members who had participated in a group therapy experience themselves and had received in-service train ing in group methods decided to experiment. On the basis of prior social and psychological studies, six juvenile probationers were selected to participate in a series of group counseling sessions.
Juvenile Court Judges in the United States
Authors: Walther Regis H. , McCune Shirley D.
Published: March 2007

The contemporary juvenile court judge has a working style which is unique although in some ways similar to that of the other professions concerned with delinquent and dependent youth. These working styles and characteristics were measured through the Job Analysis and Interest Measurement, a self-report inventory measuring behavioral styles, work preferences, and values. The data suggest that the highly regarded juvenile court judge tends to be supportive and sympathetic rather than puni tive and aggressive in his relationship with other persons. On the other hand, lawyers who did not become judges place greater value on status and intellectual achievement. Judges also tend to identify more with authority, while lawyers tend to be more individualistic.
Psychiatry in the Correctional Process
Authors: Shapiro Leon N.
Published: March 2007

The Division of Legal Medicine of the Massachusetts Depart ment of Mental Health provides psychiatric diagnosis and treat ment for 10 per cent of the state prison population; clinics covering 25 per cent of the state's district courts; parole treatment services; consultation, diagnostic, and treatment services in a half dozen juvenile institutions; several extended research programs; and training services for prison guards, probation and parole officers, psychiatric social workers, psychologists, and psychiatrists with special interests in this area. This report describes the following major elements in the development of this program: (1) the special place of the sex offender law as the impetus for services, (2) problems of initiating the services and their stage-by- stage development, (3) the court clinics, (4) the prison clinics, (5) training problems, (6) parole, and (7) the Youth Service Board.
Mental Health in Action
Authors: Boslow Harold M. , Manne Sigmund H.
Published: March 2007

This article describes the establishment, composition, function ing, legal background, and commitment procedure of Patuxent Institution, which treats the antisocial offender under an in determinate sentence. The patient's course, from entrance to parole, is described, with emphasis on the following mental hygiene methods: attempts to allay anxiety through counseling, reinforcement of and rewards for socially approved behavior, use of external motivating sources, and consistency for the patient, both in and out of the institution. The concept of talking about and understanding behavior rather than acting out of impulses is discussed in light of the experience at Patuxent.
The Clinician in the Juvenile Correctional Institution
Authors: Prentice Norman M. , Kelly Francis J.
Published: March 2007

Frictions often arise between clinical and correctional staffs as they collaborate in their shared goal of modifying the antisocial behavior of the institutionalized delinquent child. Many of these- frictions spring from differences in focus and terminology and from conflicting attitudes of the clinical and correctional staffs. Identification of these sources of friction and active attempts to deal with them accelerate the integration of clinical services into correctional settings in a manner that most benefits the delin quent.
The Psychologist in the Probation Department
Authors: Fischer Edward J. , Farber Nathan
Published: March 2007

To assess the extent to which psychologists are used in proba tion work in New York State, a survey questionnaire was mailed to seventy-five departments of probation. All seventy-five replied.
How Adult Probation Officers View Their Job Responsibilities
Authors: Van Laningham Dale E. , Taber Merlin , Dimants Ruta
Published: March 2007

While the appropriate role of probation officers has been abundantly described by authorities, this study was undertaken to discover how that role is viewed by adult probation officers themselves. A secondary purpose was to learn some of the characteristics of persons currently working as adult probation officers.
Biographical Characteristics of Juvenile Probation Officers
Authors: Gross Seymour Z.
Published: March 2007

This study presents the biographical characteristics of a repre sentative sample of Minnesota probation officers who deal with juvenile offenders. Characteristics of age, marital status, sex, education, attitude toward psychological testing and psychiatric examination, experience, and professional journals read and personally subscribed to are enumerated. The data suggest that professional identification is generally in the direction of pro bation, although a subgroup of officers with graduate degrees tend to identify more with the wider social work field. Knowl edge of the characteristics of persons in the profession is needed to help plan future education and training and to encourage qualified persons to enter the field.
The Social System of Correctional Workers
Authors: Esselstyn T.C.
Published: March 2007

This paper explores the social relationships of correctional workers and, through a sampling of correctional workers in California, examines the influence of this social system on their behavior. Whether this same kind of social system exists in other jurisdictions remains to be seen. The article reports some of the effects of the system on the off-job behavior of correctional workers. The social system exerts a powerful influence on job behavior itself, on the forms and content of knowledge with which correctional workers deal, and quite probably on recidi vism. The study has implications for the analysis of organiza tions, for formulation of correctional theory, and for review of administrative practice.
A Study of Release from a Training School for Delinquent Boys
Authors: Averill Stuart C. , Toussieng Povl W.
Published: March 2007

In this study the question of criteria for release was posed to cottage staff, teachers, recreation workers, ministers, clinicians, and social workers at the Kansas Boys Industrial School.
Is It Safe to Parole Inmates without Jobs?
Authors: Stanton John M.
Published: March 2007

Despite traditional opposition to paroling inmates who do not have jobs waiting for them, the New York State Board of Parole put into effect, early in 1959, a policy of releasing selected in mates on the reasonable assurance of their obtaining jobs shortly after release. Thousands of selected inmates have since been so released. The 7,405 inmates released on parole in a nineteen- month period were divided into groups according to types of re lease programs. Delinquency rates were determined for the three largest groups-parolees released to jobs developed by themselves, those released on "reasonable assurance," and those released to jobs developed by parole employment officers. Pa rolees released to jobs developed by themselves had a delin quency rate that was significantly lower than the delinquency rates for the two other groups. Those released on "reasonable assurance" had a delinquency rate which was significantly lower than that of parolees released to jobs developed by parole em ployment officers. The "reasonable assurance" policy was found to be a relatively safe way of releasing inmates to parole super vision.
The Lawyer and His Juvenile Court Client
Authors: Allison Junius L.
Published: March 2007

Lawyers representing clients in the juvenile court play a nec essary and constructive role. Any division of the judicial branch of government that has authority to summon persons and ques tion them with the further power to separate them from their parents and deprive them of their liberty is a court, and one with sanctions, where constitutional due process and especially the right to counsel should not be forgotten.
The Joint Commission on Correctional Manpower and Training
Authors: Lejins Peter P. , Prigmore Charles S. , Rector Milton G.
Published: March 2007

The Joint Commission on Correctional Manpower and Train ing, a nongovernmental organization with a membership of more than eighty-five national and regional organizations, has been designated to carry out the intent of the Correctional Rehabilita tion Study Act of 1965 by making an objective survey of correc tional manpower and training needs and resources throughout the nation. This article describes the formation of the Joint Commission, outlines its structure, and discusses its proposed study plan. It lists the kinds of information to be gathered by the Commission and describes the Commission's catalytic role. Among other things, the Commission plans to initiate action to overcome manpower shortages and to examine educational pro grams for correctional personnel.
Strategies for Action in Meeting Correctional Manpower and Program Needs
Authors: Nelson E.K.
Published: March 2007

Many of the problems involved in meeting correctional man power and program development needs arise from the great diversity of interests involved.

Both correctional programs and the academic disciplines which prepare people to work in them are fragmented and isolated from one another. While it is not possible to develop a single approach to the problem, developments at the national level (particularly the advent of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice and the Joint Com mission on Correctional Manpower and Training) hold much promise for cooperative solutions.

To communicate effectively with those who hold the purse strings, we must develop a master plan which would project man power needs and facilitate the sharing of information about resources and priorities.

The correctional field is now working to substitute specific program goals for general statements of purpose. It is, for ex ample, developing different styles of treatment most appropriate for particular types of offenders. As this movement progresses, it will be possible to communicate more effectively with decision- makers and to work out more satisfactory educational programs related to the tasks and skills actually required of correctional workers.

A major action strategy lies in the development of more effec tive research programs and in the utilization of research informa tion. Both practitioners and researchers need to practice the art of helping each other and to work out a division of labor through which they can serve each other's needs more effectively.
Bail Setting: A Study of Courtroom Interaction
Authors: Suffet Frederic
Published: March 2007

This study examines the brief interactions in a busy courtroom among the principal parties to the bail-setting decision. The main patterns of interaction are as follows: The judge sets bail without discussion, or after an amount is first suggested by one of the opposing attorneys, or after an amount is suggested and one of the attorneys makes a countersuggestion. The defense attor ney is the least influential member of the bail-setting triad; he least often initially suggests a bail amount, and his initial sug gestions become the final amount half the time, compared to nine-tenths of the time for the judge and the prosecutor. The judge and the prosecutor make similar bail suggestions, but for different reasons: the prosecutor, because of the prescriptions of his role; the judge, because he is most vulnerable to public criticism. A consequence of the judge-prosecutor coalition is that conflict over bail amount is suppressed. Bail-setting serves the latent function of diffusing the responsibility for the defendant's release. The three general types of bail disposition—release on recognizance, bail in a dollar amount, and remand—are seen as progressively decreasing the judge's share in the responsibility for releasing the accused.