bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing the Compliance Behavior Model in General	Aviation
Authors: Stanton Anthony A. , Dekker Sidney W. , Murray Patrick S. , Lohmann Gui
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Australian general aviation accident data show pilots who conduct operations into adverse weather, when against the rules, remain as a significant cause of fatal accidents. This paper presents the background, methodology, and results of a theory of planned behavior (TPB) elicitation study, which extracted key psychological beliefs of aircraft pilots in such circumstances. The present study established a psychometric survey instrument with items that are valid and reliable, to then further explore the TPB psychological constructs concerning the intentions of pilots when presented with adverse weather. Given the principled deliberations associated with rule-related behavior, the project explores an extension of the TPB by investigating the addition of two psychological constructs – personal norms and anticipated affect and their power to provide a discrete contribution and improved explanation of variance.
Simulating and Evaluating Global Aerosol Distributions With the Online Aerosol‐Coupled CAS‐FGOALS Model
Authors: Wang Hao , Dai Tie , Goto Daisuke , Bao Qing , He Bian , Liu Yimin , Takemura Toshihiko , Nakajima Teruyuki , Shi Guangyu
Published: December 2020

We implement an existing aerosol module named Spectral Radiation Transport Model for Aerosol Species (SPRINTARS) in the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System (CAS‐FGOALS) model and simulate the global aerosol properties over 2002–2014. The simulated surface mass concentrations of individual aerosols generally reproduce the observed ones. The simulated spatial‐temporal distributions of the aerosol optical depths (AODs) are evaluated with multisource satellite retrievals, and the simulated AOD, Ångström Exponent (AE), and single scattering albedo (SSA) are further evaluated with the ground‐based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements. The spatial distribution of the modeled AOD is found to be generally comparable to the satellite retrievals. The interannual and seasonal variations of the modeled AOD over various aerosol regimes are also overall consistent with the AERONET observations. With respect to the AE, our model can reproduce the interannual variations fairly well over the dust dominant regions, and generally capture the seasonal variations over the industrial domain regions. Over the industrial domain regions, however, the systematic underestimation of the simulated AE is found, which is in part due to the biases of wind fields and overestimation of the relative humidity (RH) by the host model. With respect to the SSA, our model can also generally reproduce the observed seasonal variations, while the modeled values are typically lower than the observations, especially over North Africa.
Crustal Strain Patterns Associated With Normal, Drought, and Heavy Precipitation Years in California
Authors: Kim Jeonghyeop , Bahadori Alireza , Holt William E.
Published: December 2020

We invert continuously operating Global Positioning System (cGPS) data obtained between 2007 and 2019 to quantify non steady‐state horizontal strain anomalies in California. Our long‐wavelength transient strain model shows seasonal and multiannual variations in horizontal strain anomalies within the plate boundary zone. During the summer, in general, a zone of extensional dilatation develops along the San Andreas Fault zone and Sierra Nevada, whereas contractional dilatation develops along the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) north of 36.5°N. The patterns of dilatational strain are opposite during the winter. We find that these seasonal strain anomaly patterns vary in magnitude, depending on precipitation intensity in California. Investigating hydrologic loading models and their horizontal elastic responses reveal that water mass loads on the surface from the precipitation in California are the major sources of the observed long‐wavelength horizontal transient strains. We show, however, that a heavy damping in the inversion of the cGPS data is required for the long‐wavelength horizontal strain solutions to best match with the expected elastic response from hydrologic loading. Appropriate fitting of the horizontal cGPS yields amplified horizontal strain signals in the Sierra Nevada, along regions adjacent to the San Andreas Fault, and within the ECSZ. The larger‐than‐expected amplitudes may be associated with poroelastic responses or thermoelastic changes that are superimposed on the hydrologic response. We demonstrate that there is a persistent sharp boundary of horizontal dilatational strain domains at the transition between the High Sierra and Basin and Range Province, caused by the sharp gradient in hydrologic loading there.
Contrasting Aerosol Effects on Long‐Wave Cloud Forcing in South East Asia and Amazon Simulated With Community Atmosphere Model Version 5.3
Authors: Wang Minqi , Peng Yiran , Liu Yangang
Published: December 2020

Aerosols modify cloud microphysical and radiative properties and thus impact the shortwave and long‐wave cloud forcing (LWCF). This study first reports the finding of contrasting aerosol effects on LWCF in South East Asia and Amazon in the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3 (CAM5.3), which corresponds to the sum of LW indirect and semi‐direct effects investigated in Ghan et al. (2012, http://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00650.1). A series of numerical experiments are conducted to decompose the complex aerosol effects on LWCF. Our analysis indicates that the cooling (negative aerosol effects on LWCF) in Amazon is due mainly to the aerosol effects on warm clouds and the inhibition of vertical motion by the aerosol‐induced radiative cooling. In contrast, the warming (positive aerosol effects on LWCF) in South East Asia is due mainly to the aerosol effect on homogeneous freezing, thus, reducing the ice particle size and prolonging the existence of ice cloud. Our results emphasize that a comprehensive analysis of integrated aerosol effects on both warm and ice clouds is necessary for better understanding the aerosol effects on LWCF.
Normative data and correlation between dynamic knee valgus and neuromuscular response among healthy active males: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Llurda-Almuzara Luis , Pérez-Bellmunt Albert , López-de-Celis Carlos , Aiguadé Ramón , Seijas Roberto , Casasayas-Cos Oriol , Labata-Lezaun Noe , Alvarez Pedro
Published: December 2020

The dynamic knee valgus (DKV) during different sport maneuvers has been widely described as risk factor to develop an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Hip and knee muscles seem to have a crucial role to prevent the dynamic knee valgus. This study aimed to give normative and correlational data about DKV and hip and knee neuromuscular response (NMR) among healthy active males. The hypothesis is that DKV could be correlated with hip NMR. A cross-sectional correlational study. Research Anatomy Laboratory. The study was carried out among 50 active, non-injured males. Dynamic Knee-Valgus angle and lower limb posterior chain muscles Neuromuscular Response. DKV was measured using Kinovea software during a Single-Legged Drop Jump test and NMR was measured using tensiomyography and myotonometry for gluteus maximum, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, lateral and medial gastrocnemius. Right and left limbs were both performed and analyzed independently. No significant correlation was observed between DKV and hip and knee muscles NMR. This study shows normative and correlational data about dynamic knee valgus, tensiomyography and myotonometry for healthy and active males. The DKV control seems to be non-correlated with isolated hip and knee muscles NMR so this suggests it is more about Central Nervous System activity than about isolated muscles NMR.
Hormonal and biochemical changes in female Proechimys guyannensis, an animal model of resistance to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus
Authors: Sanabria Viviam , Bittencourt Simone , Perosa Sandra R. , de la Rosa Tomás , da Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti Maria , Andersen Monica L. , Tufik Sergio , Cavalheiro Esper A. , Amado Débora
Published: December 2020

The Amazon rodent Proechimys guyannensis is widely studied for hosting various pathogens, though rarely getting sick. Previous studies on male Proechimys have revealed an endogenous resistance to epilepsy. Here, we assess in female Proechimys, whether sex hormones and biochemical aspects can interfere with the induction of status epilepticus (SE). The lithium-pilocarpine ramp-up protocol was used to induce SE, and blood sera were collected at 30 and 90 min after SE, alongside brains, for biochemical, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Results from non-ovariectomised (NOVX) Proechimys were compared to ovariectomised (OVX) animals. Data from female Wistars were used as a positive control of SE inductions. SE latency was similar in NOVX, OVX, and female Wistars groups. However, the pilocarpine dose required to induce SE in Proechimys was higher (25- to 50-folds more). Despite a higher dose, Proechimys did not show strong SE like Wistars; they only reached stage 2 of the Racine scale. These data suggest that female Proechimys are resistant to SE induction. Glucose and progesterone levels increased at 30 min and returned to normal at 90 min after SE. A relevant fact because in humans and rodents, SE leads to hypoglycaemia after 30 min of SE and does not return to normal levels in a short time, a typical adverse effect of SE. In OVX animals, a decrease in GABAergic receptors within 90 min of SE may suggest that ovariectomy produces changes in the hippocampus, including a certain vulnerability to seizures. We speculate that progesterone and glucose increases form part of the compensatory mechanisms that provide resistance in Proechimys against SE induction.
A proof of concept ‘phase zero’ study of neurodevelopment using brain organoid models with Vis/near-infrared spectroscopy and electrophysiology
Authors: Dutta Anirban , Karanth Sneha Sudhakar , Bhattacharya Mahasweta , Liput Michal , Augustyniak Justyna , Cheung Mancheung , Stachowiak Ewa K. , Stachowiak Michal K.
Published: December 2020

Homeostatic control of neuronal excitability by modulation of synaptic inhibition (I) and excitation (E) of the principal neurons is important during brain maturation. The fundamental features of in-utero brain development, including local synaptic E–I ratio and bioenergetics, can be modeled by cerebral organoids (CO) that have exhibited highly regular nested oscillatory network events. Therefore, we evaluated a 'Phase Zero' clinical study platform combining broadband Vis/near-infrared(NIR) spectroscopy and electrophysiology with studying E–I ratio based on the spectral exponent of local field potentials and bioenergetics based on the activity of mitochondrial Cytochrome-C Oxidase (CCO). We found a significant effect of the age of the healthy controls iPSC CO from 23 days to 3 months on the CCO activity (chi-square (2, N = 10) = 20, p = 4.5400e−05), and spectral exponent between 30–50 Hz (chi-square (2, N = 16) = 13.88, p = 0.001). Also, a significant effect of drugs, choline (CHO), idebenone (IDB), R-alpha-lipoic acid plus acetyl-l-carnitine (LCLA), was found on the CCO activity (chi-square (3, N = 10) = 25.44, p = 1.2492e−05), spectral exponent between 1 and 20 Hz (chi-square (3, N = 16) = 43.5, p = 1.9273e−09) and 30–50 Hz (chi-square (3, N = 16) = 23.47, p = 3.2148e−05) in 34 days old CO from schizophrenia (SCZ) patients iPSC. We present the feasibility of a multimodal approach, combining electrophysiology and broadband Vis–NIR spectroscopy, to monitor neurodevelopment in brain organoid models that can complement traditional drug design approaches to test clinically meaningful hypotheses.
Relations between vitamin D3, total and specific IgE for house dust mites in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan M. , El-Taieb Moustafa A. , Hassan Mohammed H. , Mohamed Abd Allah E. , Kotop Ebtihal A. , Abd-ellah Osama H. , Hegazy Eisa M.
Published: December 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease. There are a lot of evidences on the importance of vitamin D and house dust mite (HDM) allergens in the etiology and course of AD. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the relation between vitamin D3 level and house dust mites (HDM) Dermatophagoidspecies sensitization in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Cross-sectional design study was conducted on 50 atopic dermatitis patients. Blood analysis were done to determine level of vitamin D3, total IgE by fluorescent immunoassay & specific IgE for HDM (d1, d2) & other inhalant allergens by ELISA test. There was significant high negative correlation with the specific IgE for HDM (r =  −0. 62, p < 0.001) and vitamin D3. & there was non-significant minimal negative correlation with the specific IgE and other inhalant allergens (r = − 0.10, p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant relation between level of vitamin D3 and atopic dermatitis severity and sensitization to HDM and other allergens.
Adaptive selection drives TRPP3 loss-of-function in an Ethiopian population
Authors: Walsh Sandra , Izquierdo-Serra Mercè , Acosta Sandra , Edo Albert , Lloret María , Moret Roser , Bosch Elena , Oliva Baldo , Bertranpetit Jaume , Fernández-Fernández José Manuel
Published: December 2020

TRPP3 (also called PKD2L1) is a nonselective, cation-permeable channel activated by multiple stimuli, including extracellular pH changes. TRPP3 had been considered a candidate for sour sensor in humans, due to its high expression in a subset of tongue receptor cells detecting sour, along with its membership to the TRP channel family known to function as sensory receptors. Here, we describe the functional consequences of two non-synonymous genetic variants (R278Q and R378W) found to be under strong positive selection in an Ethiopian population, the Gumuz. Electrophysiological studies and 3D modelling reveal TRPP3 loss-of-functions produced by both substitutions. R278Q impairs TRPP3 activation after alkalinisation by mislocation of H+ binding residues at the extracellular polycystin mucolipin domain. R378W dramatically reduces channel activity by altering conformation of the voltage sensor domain and hampering channel transition from closed to open state. Sour sensitivity tests in R278Q/R378W carriers argue against both any involvement of TRPP3 in sour detection and the role of such physiological process in the reported evolutionary positive selection past event.
ACE2 in the renin–angiotensin system
Authors: Verano-Braga Thiago , Martins Ana Luiza Valle , Motta-Santos Daisy , Campagnole-Santos Maria José , Santos Robson Augusto Souza
Published: December 2020

In 2020 we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) discovery. This event was a landmark that shaped the way that we see the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) today. ACE2 is an important molecular hub that connects the RAS classical arm, formed mainly by the octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor AT1, with the RAS alternative or protective arm, formed mainly by the heptapeptides Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, and their receptors, Mas and MrgD, respectively. In this work we reviewed classical and modern literature to describe how ACE2 is a critical component of the protective arm, particularly in the context of the cardiac function, coagulation homeostasis and immune system. We also review recent literature to present a critical view of the role of ACE2 and RAS in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Controllable preparation and tunable magnetic anisotropy of amorphous LaxM1−xOy (M=Mn, Fe) nanowire arrays
Authors: Wang Fang‐Kuo , Yuan Xiao‐You
Published: December 2020

Two LaxMn1−xOy (LM1, LM2) and three LaxFe1−xOy (LF1, LF2, LF3) amorphous nanowire arrays (NWAs) were prepared by chemical co‐precipitation in anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates. The concentration of the reactant plays a crucial role in determining the morphology of LaxMn1−xOy NWAs. The AAO template was etched using a mixed nitrate solution that led to the exposure of LaxFe1−xOy NWAs on the template surface in the process of preparation, then the length of nanowires exposed to the template depends on the etching time. The LM2 NWAs exhibited obvious magnetic anisotropy after the template is almost eliminated by etching with NaOH solution, while the magnetic anisotropy of LaxFe1−xOy NWAs was manipulated by the length of nanowires outside the template. There is a regular change in the coercive force Hc and remanence ratio Mr/Ms with increasing length of nanowires outside the template. Therefore, the nanoarray materials with tunable magnetic anisotropy were obtained by controllable preparation, and they can be applied to high‐density magnetic memory nano‐devices.
ReinvestigatingαCentauri AB in light of asteroseismic forward and inverse methods
Authors: Salmon S. J. A. J. , Van Grootel V. , Buldgen G. , Dupret M.-A. , Eggenberger P.
Published: December 2020

Context.TheαCen stellar system is the closest neighbour to our Sun. Its main component is a binary composed of two main-sequence stars, one more massive than the Sun and one less massive. The system’s bright magnitude led to a wealth of astronomical observations over a long period, making it an appealing testbed for stellar physics. In particular, detection of stellar pulsations in bothαCen A and B has revealed the potential of asteroseismology for determining its fundamental stellar parameters. Asteroseismic studies have also focused on the presence of a convective core in the A component, but as yet without definitive confirmation.

Aims.Progress in the determination of solar surface abundances and stellar opacities have yielded new input for stellar theoretical models. We investigate their impact on a reference system such asαCen AB. We seek to confirm the presence of a convective core inαCen A by analysing the role of different stellar physics and the potential of asteroseismic inverse methods.

Methods.First, we present a new series of asteroseismic calibrations of the binary carried out using forward approach modelling and including updated chemical mixture and opacities in the models. We took advantage of the most up-to-date orbital solution as non-seismic constraints. We then complement our analysis with help of recent asteroseismic diagnostic tools based on inverse methods developed for solar-like stars.

Results.The inclusion of an updated chemical mixture -that is less metal-rich- appears to reduce the predicted asteroseismic masses of each component. Neither classical asteroseismic indicators such as the frequency ratios, nor asteroseismic inversions favour the presence of a convective core inαCen A. The quality of the observational seismic dataset is the main limiting factor to settle the issue. Implementing new observing strategies to improve the precision on the pulsation frequencies would certainly refine the outcome of asteroseismology for this binary system.
Linking planetary embryo formation to planetesimal formation
Authors: Voelkel Oliver , Deienno Rogerio , Kretke Katherine , Klahr Hubert
Published: December 2020

Context. The growth-timescales of planetary embryos and their formation process are imperative for our understanding on how planetary systems form and develop. They determine the subsequent growth mechanisms during the life stages of a circumstellar disk.

Aims. We quantify the timescales and spatial distribution of planetary embryos through collisional growth and fragmentation of dynamically forming 100 km sized planetesimals. In our study, the formation timescales of viscous disk evolution and planetesimal formation are linked to the formation of planetary embryos in the terrestrial planet zone.

Methods. We connected a one-dimensional model for viscous gas evolution, dust and pebble dynamics, and pebble flux-regulated planetesimal formation to the N-body code LIPAD. Our framework enabled us to study the formation, growth, fragmentation, and evolution of planetesimals with an initial size of 100 km in diameter for the first million years of a viscous disk.

Results. Our study shows the effect of the planetesimal surface density evolution on the preferential location and timescales of planetary embryo formation. Only the innermost embryos (<2 au) in our study form well within the lifetime of an active pebble flux for any disk studied. Higher planetesimal disk masses and steeper planetesimal surface density profiles result in more massive embryos within a larger area, rather than in a higher number of embryos. A one-dimensional analytically derived model for embryo formation based on the local planetesimal surface density evolution is presented. This model can reproduce the spatial distribution, formation rate, and total number of planetary embryos at a fraction of the computational cost of the N-body simulations.

Conclusions. The formation of planetary embryos in the terrestrial planet zone occurs simultaneously with the formation of planetesimals. The local planetesimal surface density evolution and the orbital spacing of planetary embryos in the oligarchic regime are good constraints for modeling planetary embryo formation analytically. Our embryo formation model is a valuable asset in future studies of planet formation.
Fortification of dairy product Narine with polysaccharides from oyster mushroom
Authors: Antonceva Ekaterina , Shamtsyan Mark
Published: December 2020

Mushrooms are rich in biologically active substances. Basidiomycete oyster mushroom or Pleurotus ostreatus is not only widely used in food, but also have radioprotection, preventive effect on recurrent respiratory tract infections, hypocholesterolic action, antitumor effect, strong immunostimulatory activity and other beneficial medical effects. It is considered that β-glucans play significant role in the biological activities of the oyster mushroom. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the addition of various β-glucan containing preparations obtained from the submerged biomass of P. ostreatus on the process of milk fermentation and properties of the finished product. Preparations of β-glucans obtained from submerged cultured P. ostreatus biomass were obtained using different extraction protocols. The content of β-glucans in preparations was determined using Assay Kit (Megazyme). Preparations were added to milk in different concentrations before the introduction of starter culture. A starter containing Lactobacillus acidophilus n.v. Er 317/402 strain «Narine» was used for fermentation. The titratable acidity was controlled during the fermentation. Physicochemical, structural-mechanical properties (water holding capacity) of the obtained samples were studied. The sensory evaluation of the products was evaluated. Results show that the addition of preparations increase the glycolytic activity. Structural-mechanical properties of yogurt samples fortified by β-glucan-containing preparations depend on the preparation and its concentration. Sensory evaluation showed that experimental samples differed not only from the control sample but also from each other.
Consumer acceptance and sensorial analysis of bread with grape seed flour
Authors: Oprea Oana Bianca , Gaceu Liviu
Published: December 2020

Grape seed flour from grape marc, a waste product obtained during winemaking, was analyzed for use in bread production due to its potential health benefits. This study evaluated the consumer acceptance and physical properties of bread made with varying quantities of grape seed flour. Dough and breads were prepared using different levels of replacement of wheat flour with grape seed flour (0 to 9 %). The method used for the research was that of the scoring scale, and the marks given by the 15 properly trained panelists indicated that a percentage of 5% grape seed flour by the indirect method leads to statistic characteristics close to those of black bread regarding Standard SR 878/1996.
Chemical contaminants migration from food contact materials into aqueous extracts
Authors: Ungureanu Elena Loredana , Mustatea Gabriel , Popa Mona Elena
Published: December 2020

Cardboard packaging is widely used in the food industry, especially as secondary or tertiary packaging, or as transport packaging. In most cases, these packs may contain certain chemical contaminants that can be accidentally transferred to packaged foods. These contaminants include Bisphenol A (BPA) and Formaldehyde, which can cause significant adverse effects, especially to vulnerable persons. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to analyze by a UV - VIS spectrophotometric method the content of BPA and Formaldehyde from 17 corrugated board samples from Romanian producers. BPA concentrations varied between 0.044 mg/dm2 and 0.090 mg/dm2, while Formaldehyde concentrations were lower than 0.048 mg/dm2. The results were compared with the legislation in force to establish their compliance for contact with food.
Environmental issues of agriculture as a consequence of the intensification of the development of agricultural industry
Authors: Tsoraeva Eleonora , Bekmurzov Alan , Kozyrev Soslan , Khoziev Alan , Kozyrev Aslanbek
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the environmental issues of agriculture. Examples are given that pose a threat to the vital activity of living organisms from various types of agricultural and human activities. The subject of the study is the analysis of environmental issues arising from the intensification of the development of agricultural industry. Intensive agricultural activity leads to pollution of surface rivers, lakes, seas and groundwater, soil degradation and aquatic ecosystems; violation of the water regime in large areas during drainage and irrigation; desertification due to wind erosion; destruction of natural habitats of living organisms of flora and fauna. An urgent problem of agriculture is a decrease in the content of vitamins and microelements in crop production and the accumulation of harmful substances in them. The reasons for these negative processes are soil degradation, intensification of agricultural production.
Bioindication using Scots pine for assessing environmental pollution
Authors: Kozlov Grigorii , Pushkarev Mikhail , Reuf Petr , Pau Roman , Orlova Anastasia , Solovev Danila , Ionov Yaroslav , Shvidkoi Stepan , Kozlov Artemiy , Romanova Anastasia
Published: December 2020

The paper contains information on the fluctuating asymmetry of Scots pine in important recreational areas of the north of St. Petersburg - Sosnovka park, Novoorlovsky zakaznik, Udelny park. A comparative assessment of the quality of the environment in these locations is being carried out.
Withdrawn: Multi-stage emergency decision-making method based on cumulative prospect theory and intuitionistic fuzzy number
Authors: Xu Junxiang , Guo Jingni , Zhang Jin , Liu Weihua , Ma Hui
Published: December 2020

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors, due to problems with the research methods in the paper.
The causes of stress at work amongst social workers
Authors: Raudeliunaite Rita , Volff Giedre
Published: December 2020

Social workers work in an ever-changing social, political and cultural environment, they are exposed to contacts with persons of different social backgrounds, people experiencing behavioural and various social problems. In complicated, ever-continuing, multidimensional situations, there arises the risk of stress. In order to manage stress at work, it is important to identify the causes of stress. The objective of this study is to reveal the causes of stress experienced by social workers at work basing on the experience of social workers. Qualitative research type was chosen for the study. The method of a semi-structured interview with social workers, who work in different institutions providing social services, was used. The study revealed both external and internal causes posing stress to social workers at work. The external causes of stress are associated with working conditions, for example, the absence of stability and clarity at work. Social workers often remain alone to resolve problems; they can have a heavy workload. There is the lack of cooperation between institutions, such as the police and other institutions when they inform about the problematic behaviour of their client. Stress is caused by the absence of change and excessively high requirements for an employee. Social workers experience negative behaviour of service receivers, for example, threat of physical violence, psychological violence, and pressure from clients in order to receive something. Relationships with management can also cause stress. There is the lack of incentive, the lack of benevolence, an employee is noticed only when he needs “to be taught a lesson”; the conditions of employment are not satisfactory – an employee is offered only a fixed-term contract, low pay. The internal causes of stress are related to excessively high requirements for social workers, the pursuit of perfection when resolving the problems of service receivers, the fear of failure and an inflated sense of responsibility.
Praktische Kieferorthopädie: Kasuistiken und
Workflows
Authors: Jung Britta A.
Published: December 2020

Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen!

Vor einiger Zeit ergab eine Umfrage des Thieme-Verlages, dass sich die Leserinnen und
Leser der IOK mehr Fallberichte wünschen. Daher haben wir in dieser Ausgabe
für Sie einige Kasuistiken zu verschiedenen Themenfeldern zusammengestellt.
Unter anderem werden dabei die Themen „digitale Kieferorthopädie,
Einstellmöglichkeiten von verlagerten Eckzähnen und
Doppelanlagen“ adressiert. Die Berichte stammen sowohl aus der Klink als
auch aus der Praxis und sollen Möglichkeiten zum diagnostischen und
therapeutischen Vorgehen aufzeigen.
MTA-Reformgesetz – Ein Meilenstein für MTRA
Authors: Gührs E
Published: December 2020

Ein Meilenstein ist erreicht und das Bundesgesundheitsministerium hat einen Entwurf für ein neues MTA-Reform-Gesetz vorgelegt, das mittlerweile auch im Bundeskabinett beschlossen wurde und nun weiter im Deutschen Bundestag beraten wird. Im Gesetzesentwurf finden sich wesentliche Forderungen wieder, die die Vereinigung der Medizinisch-Technischen Berufe in der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft (VMTB) gemeinsam mit weiteren Fachverbänden (DVTA, GPR, DGN, DGMP, DEGRO und DRG) erarbeitet hat. Der MTRA-Beruf und die Ausbildung werden durch dieses Gesetz deutlich attraktiver als zuvor.
Endoscopic management of enteral tubes in adult patients – Part 1: Definitions and indications. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: Arvanitakis Marianna , Gkolfakis Paraskevas , Despott Edward J. , Ballarin Asuncion , Beyna Torsten , Boeykens Kurt , Elbe Peter , Gisbertz Ingrid , Hoyois Alice , Mosteanu Ofelia , Sanders David S. , Schmidt Peter T. , Schneider Stéphane M. , van Hooft Jeanin E.
Published: December 2020

Main recommendations

ESGE recommends considering the following indications for enteral tube insertion: (i) clinical conditions that make oral intake impossible (neurological conditions, obstructive causes); (ii) acute and/or chronic diseases that result in a catabolic state where oral intake becomes insufficient; and (iii) chronic small-bowel obstruction requiring a decompression gastrostomy.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

ESGE recommends the use of temporary feeding tubes placed through a natural orifice (either nostril) in patients expected to require enteral nutrition (EN) for less than 4 weeks. If it is anticipated that EN will be required for more than 4 weeks, percutaneous access should be considered, depending on the clinical setting.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

ESGE recommends the gastric route as the primary option in patients in need of EN support. Only in patients with altered/unfavorable gastric anatomy (e. g. after previous surgery), impaired gastric emptying, intolerance to gastric feeding, or with a high risk of aspiration, should the jejunal route be chosen.

Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.

ESGE suggests that recent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding due to peptic ulcer disease with risk of rebleeding should be considered to be a relative contraindication to percutaneous enteral access procedures, as should hemodynamic or respiratory instability.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.

ESGE suggests that the presence of ascites and ventriculoperitoneal shunts should be considered to be additional risk factors for infection and, therefore, further preventive precautions must be taken in these cases.

Weak recommendation, low quality evidence.

ESGE recommends that percutaneous tube placement (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy [PEG], percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension [PEG-J], or direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy [D-PEJ]) should be considered to be a procedure with high hemorrhagic risk, and that in order to reduce this risk, specific guidelines for antiplatelet or anticoagulant use should be followed strictly.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

ESGE recommends refraining from PEG placement in patients with advanced dementia.

Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.

ESGE recommends refraining from PEG placement in patients with a life expectancy shorter than 30 days.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence*.
Spontaneous Regression of a Giant Traumatic Herniated Thoracic Disk: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Valluzzi Adelaide , Sorenson Thomas , Nasi Davide , Acciarri Nicola , Palandri Giorgio , Pavesi Giacomo
Published: December 2020

Thoracic disk herniation (TDH) after traumatic injury is a relatively uncommon disease with few cases reported in the literature. Herniated disks in this location typically may result in progressive myelopathy and refractory pain. In the presence of these symptoms, surgical treatment may be indicated since spontaneous regression in this area is less common than that of disk herniations in the cervical or lumbar spine. Herein, we present the case of giant traumatic TDH that occurred at the T9–T10 level and spontaneously resolved after 5 months.

We highlight the fact that regression of a herniated disk at the thoracic level may occur even in the absence of treatment. When considering this phenomenon, conservative management of these cases with clinical and radiological monitoring may be an appropriate first-line management for patients without signs of progressive myelopathy or severe refractory pain.
Neuroanesthesia Practice during COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Gandhe Rajashree U. , Bhave Chinmaya P. , Gedam Neha T. , Sengupta Rashnita
Published: December 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenge for all health care providers (HCPs). Anesthesiologists are vulnerable to acquiring the disease during aerosol-generating procedures in operating theater and intensive care units. High index of suspicion, detailed history including travel history, strict hand hygiene, use of face masks, and appropriate personal protective equipment are some ways to minimize the risk of exposure to disease. Neurologic manifestations of COVID-19, modification of anesthesia regimen based on the procedure performed, and HCP safety are some implications relevant to a neuroanesthesiologist. National and international guidelines, recommendations, and position statements help in risk stratification, prioritization, and scheduling of neurosurgery and neurointervention procedures. Institutional protocols can be formulated based on the guidelines wherein each HCP has a definite role in this ever-changing scenario. Mental and physical well-being of HCPs is an integral part of successful management of patients. We present our experience in managing 143 patients during the lockdown period in India.
Chromosome separator improves on previous techniques
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: December 2020

Using an inertial focusing device, scientists have come up with a better way to quickly and easily separate chromosomes and other non-spherical particles.
Corrigendum to: Who uses residential aged care now, how has it changed and what does it mean for the future?
Authors: Gibson Diane
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis paper presents past trends in resident characteristics and usage patterns in residential aged care and explores implications for the future.MethodsTime series analyses were undertaken of national aged care administrative datasets and the Australian Bureau of Statistics Surveys of Disability, Ageing and Carers.ResultsAlthough the number of people in residential care has continued to increase, resident profiles have changed as a result of higher growth rates in the number of men and of people aged 65–74 years and 90 years and over, and a decline in the number of women aged 75–89 years. Relative to population size, usage rates are declining across all age groups, the average length of stay is shortening, and dependency levels appear to be rising.ConclusionChanging trends in residential aged care use, when combined with key trends in the broader population of older Australians, offer useful insights in planning for the future.What is known about the topic?Trends in the changing characteristics of permanent aged care residents and patterns of use of Australian residential aged care have received sparse attention in scholarly journals. Government reports and databases contain useful statistics, but they do not provide a coherent analysis and interpretation of the implications of these trends or situate them in broader population patterns.What does this paper add?The analyses in this paper demonstrate patterns of change and continuity in the use of residential care over the past decade, and locate those changes in the context of broader trends in the ageing population. Together, this provides useful insights into current and likely future trends, as well as a basis for imagining an improved residential aged care system in the future.What are the implications for practitioners?These analyses illustrate how data on aged care services, demographic trends and disease patterns can be used to consider the challenges that have affected our residential aged care system in the past and how that may be addressed in the future.
Space symmetry of effective physical constants for biaxial crystals*
Authors: Liu Fuan , Gao Zeliang , Yin Xin , Tao Xutang
Published: December 2020

In eight quadrants, the positive and negative signs of tensor components describing physical properties of biaxial crystals have been given. The distributions of the physical properties described with different order tensors and their space symmetries have been discussed. These results show that the distributions of effective physical constants are symmetrical in the eight quadrants for the orthorhombic system, but there are two and four kinds of distributions for monoclinic and triclinic systems respectively. Thence, to avoid ambiguities and difficulties in characterizing and applying properties of biaxial crystals, we suggest that the really positive directions of the coordinate axes should be defined before the measurements of their physical properties and their device applications.
RF magnetron sputtering induced the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy modification in Pt/Co based multilayers*
Authors: Li Runze , Li Yucai , Sheng Yu , Wang Kaiyou
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate that radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique can modify the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of Pt/Co/normal metal (NM) thin films. Influence of ion irradiation during RF magnetron sputtering should not be neglected and it can weaken PMA of the deposited magnetic films. The magnitude of this influence can be controlled by tuning RF magnetron sputtering deposition conditions and the upper NM layer thickness. According to the stopping and range of ions in matter (SRIM) simulation results, defects such as displacement atoms and vacancies in the deposited film will increase after the RF magnetron sputtering, which can account for the weakness of PMA. The amplitude changes of the Hall resistance and the threshold current intensity of spin orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetization switching also can be modified. Our study could be useful for controlling magnetic properties of PMA films and designing new type of SOT-based spintronic devices.
A new algorithm based on C–V characteristics to extract the epitaxy layer parameters for power devices with the consideration of termination*
Authors: Wu Jiupeng , Ren Na , Sheng Kuang
Published: December 2020

Doping concentration and thickness of an epitaxy layer are the most essential parameters for power devices. The conventional algorithm extracts these two parameters by calculating the doping profile from its capacitance-voltage (C–V) characteristics. Such an algorithm treats the device as a parallel-plane junction and ignores the influence of the terminations. The epitaxy layer doping concentration tends to be overestimated and the thickness underestimated. In order to obtain the epitaxy layer parameters with higher accuracy, a new algorithm applicable for devices with field limited ring (FLR) terminations is proposed in this paper. This new algorithm is also based on the C–V characteristics and considers the extension manner of the depletion region under the FLR termination. Such an extension manner depends on the design parameters of the FLR termination and is studied in detail by simulation and modeling. The analytical expressions of the device C–V characteristics and the effective doping profile are derived. More accurate epitaxy layer parameters can be extracted by fitting the effective doping profile expression to the C–V doping profile calculated from the C–V characteristics. The relationship between the horizontal extension width and the vertical depth of the depletion region is also acquired. The credibility of the new algorithm is verified by experiments. The applicability of our new algorithm to FLR/field plate combining terminations is also discussed. Our new algorithm acts as a powerful tool for analyses and improvements of power devices.
Analysis of the dynamics of a switched circuit from the bifurcation theory
Authors: González J R , Rivas E , Correa G
Published: December 2020

This document shows an analysis of the stability of a Buck type power converter, which, being a switched electronic circuit, has complex dynamics. The analysis consists of determining the influence on its stability of the variations of each of its parameters and determining the points where these changes occur, known as the bifurcation point. This analysis allows investigating these types of problems from the bifurcation theory allowing to understand the stability and operation of the converters.
Bang-Bang control over a direct current to direct current converter
Authors: Mesa F , Devia D M , Ospina R
Published: December 2020

The following document presents an optimal control technique to control power converters direct current to direct current using the Bang-Bang control technique, for example a Buck power reducing converter will be shown, Subsequently and using an approach based on the principle of the maximum of Pontryagin, an optimized switched control technique (bang-bang) is designed and implemented that allows to obtain a performance comparable to the on-off action in terms of dynamic characteristics. Additional tests allow quantifying the optimality of the proposed technique and verifying the performance of the controlled system in energy terms, showing that an optimal switched control has, in addition to the minimization of the functional cost (minimum error energy), a lower incidence in the generation of high frequency switching noise, compared to conventional technique. As one of the most important aspects highlighted in the results corresponds to the simplicity of design and the high efficiency of the Bang-Bang controllers, making the output voltage practically no ripples.
Impulsive simulation model for the analysis of allergy dynamics
Authors: Vergaño-Salazar J G , Pastenes L , Córdova-Lepe F , Mardones-Precht P
Published: December 2020

This work approach the analysis of the problems caused by the incidence of allergic diseases, using an impulsive simulation model as a methodological approach, in this, the dynamics of the model is governed by two time scales, one discrete and the other continuous which represents the interaction dynamics among pollen allergens, immune system and intestinal microbiota, evidencing the variable regulation of the Thymus by sending mature T lymphocytes into the bloodstream as a pulse. Due to the complexity of the interacting systems, scientific computing is used to represents a model at the microscopic level where the particles obey a simplified dynamic. To carry out the simulations, the values of parameters used are taken from secondary sources. The scenarios described in the simulations show the behavior of helper T cells, these being an indicator of allergic reactions. The model shows that the intestinal microbiota helps Treg cells in the inhibition of the immune response, also showing that if there is a high concentration of bacteria produced by the ingestion of functional foods, it is possible to control the allergic symptoms.
Parallel methods for linear systems solution in extreme learning machines: an overview
Authors: Gelvez-Almeida E , Baldera-Moreno Y , Huérfano Y , Vera M , Mora M , Barrientos R
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to present an updated review of parallel algorithms for solving square and rectangular single and double precision matrix linear systems using multi-core central processing units and graphic processing units. A brief description of the methods for the solution of linear systems based on operations, factorization and iterations was made. The methodology implemented, in this article, is a documentary and it was based on the review of about 17 papers reported in the literature during the last five years (2016-2020). The disclosed findings demonstrate the potential of parallelism to significantly decrease extreme learning machines training times for problems with large amounts of data given the calculation of the Moore Penrose pseudo inverse. The implementation of parallel algorithms in the calculation of the pseudo-inverse will allow to contribute significantly in the applications of diversifying areas, since it can accelerate the training time of the extreme learning machines with optimal results.
Low-cost computational systems applied to physical architectures in public transportation systems of intermediate cities
Authors: Ramirez-Guerrero T , Toro M , Villegas López G A , Castañeda L F
Published: December 2020

Public transportation systems in many cities of Latin America must employ physical architectures of intelligent transportation systems for the operation and control of passenger transportation vehicles. However, the high cost of specialized computational systems for this physical architectures in one of the higher impediments to the integration of this systems in the vehicle network. For the purpose of this work, is necessary to ask what are the currently low-cost computational systems used in vehicular applications. In this paper we made a documentary research to analyse the current computational systems associated with the physical architecture for public transportation in intermediate cities. We analysed collected information following the three points of methodological development for a documentary researches. Results shows that the use of low-cost computational systems for data capture in vehicles, the use of millimetre waves in the electromagnetic spectrum for data transmission by means of mobile communication networks, and the adoption of international standards, are viable alternatives for the integration of technologies into physical architectures of vehicle networks, in order to improve the operation of public passenger transportation systems in intermediate cities in Latin America.