bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tail void grouting, mechanisms in saturated sand
Authors: Bezuijen A.
Published: February 2025

Field tests are presented that show the mechanisms of importance for tail void grouting. The quality of the tail void grouting has a significant influence on the final settlement trough that occurs during TBM tunnelling. The pressure distribution around the lining just after the tail of the TBM is measured and the loading on the lining by this pressure distribution is calculated. It is shown that the liquid grout directly behind the tail of the TBM resulted in an upward directed force on the lining that has to be counter balanced by the TBM and the lining further way from the TBM. It is shown that the moments on the lining are determined by the distance that liquid grout is present in the tail void.
Generalized complex inductance for radiation problems
Authors: Yeung Lap K.  , Wu Ke-Li
Published: February 2025

The concept of generalized complex inductance for the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) technique is introduced to model microstrip radiation problems. Using the semi-analytical Greens functions for microstrip substrates, the imaginary part of this generalized complex inductance can be shown to represent a frequency-dependent resistance containing information about the losses from spatial radiations (spherical and lateral) and surface waves (cylindrical). Hence, different radiation components can be derived separately, providing a useful and unique feature for representing high-speed/high frequency microstrip structures and antennas in the network domain.
Thai Text-Thai Sign Translation Application (T
Authors: Dangsaart Srisavakon
Published: February 2025

Most deaf persons experience difficulties in mastering their reading skills, and are often faced with comprehension problems in reading text. Thus, for assisting the deaf to overcome such problems and to be able to communicate in a world of spoken languages, we present the Thai Text-Thai Sign Translation Application (T3STA). T3STA is able to translate Thai text into Thai Sign language simply and conveniently anytime, anywhere. Thai Sign language is the language of the deaf in Thailand. In the translation process, the distinction between Thai text and Thai Sign Language in both grammar and vocabulary are concerned in each processing step to ensure the accuracy of translation. It provides the meaning of each word and describes the structure formation and word order of the translated sentence. With T3STA, the deaf are able to enhance their communication ability and to improve their knowledge and learning skills. In our initial experiment, T3STA was implemented to translate sentences/phrases collected from different sources including textbooks, bedtime stories, and the public labels. T3STA was tested and evaluated in terms of translation accuracy and user satisfaction. Evaluation results show translation accuracy acceptable and satisfy users' needs.
Adaptive Support for Question Generation by Constructing Semantic Open Learning Space
Authors: Jouault Corentin  , Seta Kazuhisa
Published: February 2025

This research aims to give learners more content-dependent scaffolding in self-directed learning of history. Learners use a system made to provide adaptable support depending of the learners' interests and skills. The system gathers information online and analyzes it to extract semantic information to create a semantic open learning space. Learners explore this space by choosing questions to ask from a list generated by the system. This list of questions is generated dynamically depending on the learner's processes.
A Hybrid RBF-ART Model and Its Application to Medical Data Classification
Authors: Tan Shing Chiang  , Lim Chee Peng  , Watada Junzo
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a new variant of the Radial Basis Function Network with the Dynamic Decay Adjustment algorithm (i.e., RBFNDDA) to undertake data classification problems is proposed. The new network is formed by integrating the learning algorithm of the Fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) neural network into RBFNDDA. The proposed RBFNDDA-FAM network inherits the salient features of FAM and overcomes the shortcomings of the original RBFNDDA network. The effectiveness of RBFNDDA-FAM is demonstrated using two benchmark problems. The first involves an artificial data set whereas the second uses a medical data set related to thyroid diagnosis. The results from these studies are compared, analyzed, and discussed. The outcomes positively reveal the potentials of RBFNDDA-FAM in learning information with a compact network architecture, in addition to high classification performances.
Open Data: A New Battle in an Old War Between Access and Privacy?
Authors: Janssen Katleen  , Hugelier Sara
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the relationship between freedom of information and privacy. It looks into the privacy exemptions in freedom of information legislation and the way they are applied in national redress mechanisms. It argues that the balancing exercise performed between FOI and privacy can provide important insights in the discussion on the possible conflicts between open data on the one hand and privacy and data protection on the other hand.
Life Management Platforms: Control and Privacy for Personal Data
Authors: Kuppinger Martin  , Kearns Dave
Published: February 2025

Life Management Platforms (LMPs) combine personal data stores, personal cloud-based computing environments, and trust frameworks. They allow individuals to manage their daily life in a secure, privacy-aware, and device-independent way. In contrast to pure personal data stores, they support concepts which allow interacting with other parties in a meaningful way without unveiling data. This concept of ‘informed pull’ allows apps to consume information from the personal data store as well as from third parties, and to use that information for decision making, without unveiling data to any of the other parties. Think about comparing offers for insurance contracts or think about pulling articles from various sites for a ‘personalised newspaper’ without unveiling the full list of current interests. The problem with sharing data is: ‘Once it's out, it's out of control’. Even with more granular approaches on sharing data, the problem remains – once data has left the personal data store, the individual has no grip on that data anymore. LMPs thus go beyond that, by new concepts of sharing information with security and privacy in mind, but also by relying on trust frameworks. The latter are, for instance, important to rely on a set of relations and contracts once it comes to sharing data – and there is no way to fully avoid sharing data. Once a decision about the preferred insurance company has been made, there needs to be a contract. Some data has to flow. However, defined contracts can reduce the risk of abuse for that data. The chapter explains the need for LMPs, the underlying concepts, and potential benefits. It also looks at some real-world use cases.
Personal Data Management – A Structured Discussion
Authors: Bus Jacques  , Nguyen M.-H. Carolyn
Published: February 2025

In the coming decade, a seamless integration of our on- and offline lives will be necessary for a sustainable digital society. This requires urgent multi-disciplinary debate on the collection, control and use of personal data in society. This paper proposes a framework that can be used to shape this dialogue. It is based on a neutral and consistent terminology that may support a constructive and fruitful debate, avoiding terms that have too often led to controversy and confusion. We have attempted to position in this structure state-of-the-art technology developments, including context-awareness, user-centred data management, trust networks and personal data ecosystems. It demonstrates clear relations between ongoing work in various groups and hence an urgent need for cooperation to achieve common goals. We argue that such cooperation can lead to the emergence of a personal data ecosystem that may truly support a sustainable digital society.
A Task Oriented Approach to Documentation and Knowledge Management of Systems Enabling Design and Manufacture of Highly Customized Products
Authors: Elgh Fredrik
Published: February 2025

A rapidly growing approach in product design and manufacture, with great potential to improve customer value, is mass customization. The possibility to design and manufacture highly customer adapted products brings a competitive edge to manufacturing companies and is in some areas a necessity for doing business. In this paper, an approach for documentation and knowledge management of systems supporting the design and manufacture of customized products is explored. As the governing framework and models are updated and refined due to shifting prerequisite, the system and hence the solutions generated for a single specification will change over time. This affects product management and the ability to meet legislation and customers' requirements regarding documentation and traceability, as well as the company's ability to provide services, maintenance and supply spare parts. A solution has been developed for an industrial case with required functionality for capturing, structuring, searching, retrieving, viewing, and editing a system's embedded information and knowledge. The objective is to enable and facilitate system maintenance and updating and support the reuse of functions and system encapsulated generic design descriptions in future systems.
Business-product-service Portfolio Management
Authors: Garbi Giuliani Paulineli  , Loureiro Geilson
Published: February 2025

Product and service development is critical because new products and services are becoming the nexus of competition for many companies. Product and service development is thus a potential source of competitive advantage for many companies. Thus, product and service development is among the essential process for success, survival, and renewal of companies, particularly in competitive markets. Nowadays the design and development of new products and services or modification of existent ones (redesign) is a key and fundamental element to enhance innovation and competitiveness of industrial companies.
Service Process Estimation and Improvement on Verbal Characteristics
Authors: Kamalov Leonid  , Pokhilko Alexander  , Gorbachev Ivan  , Kamalov Evgeny
Published: February 2025

Paper considers problems of service process improvement. Process characteristics, expressed by the means of verbal expressions, are the key features that lead to consumer satisfaction. A mathematical model of verbal estimation and a method of service process improvement are proposed. Verbal estimation based on fuzzy logic described. Paper provides software simulation of a process verbal analysis and improvement. General results and the application in health service described.
Lean Approach in Concurrent Engineering Applications
Authors: Karademir Şenay  , Cangelir Can
Published: February 2025

Early on, with the technological developments, machines have replaced the human workers which pave the way to mass production for decades. With the increase of variety of goods and number of producers, competition has grown to produce cheap, high number of goods with high quality. This has led the producers to think about ways to lessen the scraps and prevent problems. Thus, techniques and approaches like Total Quality Management, Lean Manufacturing, Six-Sigma have been developed and grown in importance.
A Study on Method of Measuring Performance for Project Management
Authors: Mochida Shinji
Published: February 2025

Efficient project management is necessary to solve the various problems associated with the completion of a project. Measuring the project's progress and performance accurately is very important for managing projects and for detecting the factors limiting completion of the project. We have investigated the work performance at the beginning of the each work on the project. As a result, it has become clear that work performance at the start of the work is not 100% efficient, as can be seen in a performance S-curve. This suggests that the project could be completed more quickly if work performance could be raised at the beginning of the work. In this study we attempt to raise the work performance when the project is initiated. We have constructed a trial system for collecting knowledge and distributing the knowledge to the staff, based on information about faults or defects on past projects and important information about the project being undertaken. By providing appropriate knowledge and applying critical thinking, project worker productivity levels will be raised and enhanced. As a result, it will be possible to manage multiple projects, even if workers are taking charge of two or more projects and subsystems at the same time.
Heat Diffusion Method for Intelligent Robotic Path Planning
Authors: Hills Jeremy  , Zhong Yongmin
Published: February 2025

Real-time collision-free motion planning is an important issue in many autonomous systems including robotics and intelligent systems. It endows intelligent robotic systems with an ability to plan motions and to navigate autonomously. This ability becomes critical particularly for robots which operate in dynamic environments, where unpredictable and sudden changes may occur.
Evolutionary Processes in Economics: Multi-Agent Model of Macrogenerations Dynamics
Authors: Kononova Kateryna  , Lopez-Sanchez Maite
Published: February 2025

A scientific paradigm of irreversible changes in the natural sciences has opened new prospects in economic researches. The modern school of evolutionism offers a wide variety of economic development models. However the evolutionary approach, rather successfully applied on the theory of company and innovation, has not received adequate development in the analysis of macroeconomic processes. So the objective of the study is to model macroeconomic growth as an evolutionary process.
Heuristics for Determining the Elimination Ordering in the Influence Diagram Evaluation with Binary Trees
Authors: Cabañas Rafael  , Cano Andrés  , Gómez-Olmedo Manuel  , Madsen Anders L.
Published: February 2025

Finding an optimal elimination ordering is a NP-hard problem of crucial importance for the efficiency of the Influence Diagrams evaluation. Some of the traditional methods for determining the elimination ordering use heuristics that consider that potentials are represented as tables. However, if potentials are represented using binary trees traditional methods may not offer the best results. In the present paper, two new heuristics that consider that potentials are represented as binary trees are proposed. As a result, the storage requirements for evaluating an ID with binary trees is reduced.
Valence Patterns of Parts of Speech in Chinese Language Networks
Authors: Chen Xinying
Published: February 2025

Different valence patterns of Chinese parts of speech from 3 different Chinese dependency syntactic networks were extracted in this study and their similarities and differences are presented. The results show that there are some persisting properties of Chinese, which are not affected by style. Other parts of speech are more sensitive to style in Chinese. The advantages and disadvantages of the network approach are discussed at the end of this paper. The network approach to linguistic study can make the complex data concise and easy to understand. However, it also has some deficiencies. First of all, when the network size is large, the structure will become so complex that easy understanding is impossible. Secondly, although the network can easily provide an overview of the language, it usually does not allow analyzing language details.
Towards an integrated perspective of urban development and flood management strategies in Guangzhou based on morphological study
Authors: Tai Yuting
Published: February 2025

Pluvial flooding owing to intensive rainfall in delta cities has caused great losses in recent decades. The growing pressures both on water sensitive natural and urban systems due to rapid urban expansion and climate change, especially in extremely densely populated Asian delta cities, have triggered increasing attention. Many spatial interventions have been taken to deal with pluvial flooding in urban areas. However, most strategies are implemented by civil engineers with water infrastructures, which are not sufficient for dealing with urban flooding, and may undermine the spatial quality to some extent. It is therefore high time to generate an integrated perspective with the combination of resilient flood management and sustainable urban development while preserving the socialecological values of the delta cities.
Majianglong Villages: Typological Process Analysis
Authors: Hao Liu  , Song Feng  , Deng Hao  , Xiong Xinkai  , Shi Chunhui  , Dai Ying
Published: February 2025

The influence of foreign culture is often reflected in the form of settlements, and some of that influence appears to be significant, as is the case of the Majianglong Villages, China. To understand the current form of the vernacular buildings in Majianglong Villages, this research has traced its typological process. It is found that the Western-style vernacular buildings inherited the local traditional plan, Sanjianlianglang. The hierarchy of morphological changes under the influence of foreign culture is also examined. The lower levels of the hierarchy such as materials and structures were influenced greatly, while higher levels such as the organization of the buildings and the villages still followed traditional form, in accordance respectively with the family structure and clan structure reflecting local culture. The Sanjianlianglang plan, the scale of the site and finally the plot arrangement, combine to create the hierarchy of the morphological frame, which seems to be stable and unlikely to change.
New Building Typology for Solar Chimney Electricity
Authors: Wang Biao  , Adolphe Luc  , Cot Léa D.
Published: February 2025

Renewable and clean energy, such as solar and wind energy, is indispensable for our future. This article tries to develop the concept of solar chimney electricity within the angle of architecture design, and find some basic building types suitable for equipping this technology. By focusing on building-integrated solar chimney types and discussing the possibility of optimising the cost-efficient electricity production, it was determined that high-rise buildings would be the main study object. The solar chimney can be taken as a ventilation shaft, supporting column, or an organic part of the staircase or elevator shaft. Design principles are given and an example of imaginary application of this technology is discussed.
Taking Advantage of Business Intelligence in a Complex-Systems Environment
Authors: Gudfinnsson Kristens  , Berndtsson Mikael  , Strand Mattias
Published: February 2025

Business intelligence (BI) has fundamentally changed how many companies conduct their business. In literature, focus has been on volume-operation companies that provide services to millions of customers. In contrast, complex-systems companies have fewer customers and pursue customer needs by providing more customized products and services. This paper presents the results at a case of a complex-systems company with the overall aim to see how a complex-systems company has taken advantage of BI. In addition, a framework was used to measure the BI maturity of the company. Literature also emphasis that complex-system companies may benefit from adopting BI applications from volume-operations companies, but the results indicate that there may be a difference in the importance of BI tools, which in turn may negatively influence such cross-category adoptions.
ELPUB Digital Library v2.0 – Application of semantic web technologies
Authors: Bhatt Anand  , Martens Bob
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the ongoing efforts to further develop the ELPUB digital library, which highly supported the dissemination of published materials within the community in the past years. elpub.scix.net has been serving the ELPUB-community since a decade, predominantly aiming to archive the output of the annual conferences. Doubtless, there is still a need for a platform to maintain the “collective memory” of the association and so far over 700 entries from 17 conferences were recorded. The repository, which utilized the SciX-technology, delivered the user access to the individual papers and made the data available via an OAI-interface as well. However, in the course of time digital library technology evolved and an association dedicated to Electronic Publishing ought to be at the forefront of novel developments. For this reason a shift was performed towards the Architexturez platform (library.elpub.net) aiming to implement advanced semantic web features. Especially the display of evolving topics and their gradual development is appealing and moreover the aggregation of individual bibliographies. Many of the features were designed in consultation with research communities in, among others, architectural computing and real estate. While deploying features and capabilities are well established in the digital library domain, the system is designed to support further research by the ELPUB community and this paper will elaborate on the transition and deliver an overview on the current prospects along with the technical capabilities.
EKT ePublishing: Developing an open access publishing service for the Greek research community
Authors: Nafpliotis Alexandros  , Tsoukala Victoria  , Houssos Nikos  , Kalaitzis Andreas  , Sachini Evi
Published: February 2025

The present contribution concerns a case study of open access scholarly publishing in Greece, its history and effect in helping the local researcher community transition from a print-only mode of work to online working environments and in rendering Greek publications and scholarship more relevant to the international scholarly community. The paper elaborates on the goals of the project and the challenges that were encountered and addressed during its implementation. The project, which started in 2007 with the transition of three print journals in the humanities to an online and print format and online working environment, culminated in the development of an online platform that provides access to content and services from a single point in the web, ePublishing.ekt.gr. As part of the National Documentation Centre (EKT)'s services, we systematize and upgrade the journals' policies according to international standards, provide an online working platform and training, digitize and release in open access academic articles (more than 3,000 articles in established journals, published by small, non-profit, academic/scholarly society publishers, so far), provide DOIs, as well as concentrate on electronic books and conference proceedings – also to include purely online books in the future, starting with a born-digital monograph in a Humanities subject (onlineBook). In a nutshell, we have focused on providing publishers of scientific journals a range of comprehensive services which are constantly updated and improved in the light of the developments in scholarly communication, and which foster the internationalization, visibility, and preservation of research in these fields.
Data Quality Issues and Content Analysis for Research Data Repositories: The Case of Dryad
Authors: Rousidis Dimitris  , Garoufallou Emmanouel  , Balatsoukas Panos  , Sicilia Miguel-Angel
Published: February 2025

Research Object (RO) repositories extend traditional forms of scholarly communication by providing scientists the means necessary to store, share and reuse datasets generated at various stages of the research process. Yet this shift to digital publication does not guarantee that outputs, results or methods are reusable. Data quality is absolutely vital for the dissemination, reuse and sharing of digital resources. Manual metadata quality control is practically impossible and as a result, many quality criteria, both semantically and structurally get overlooked and digital objects may become problematic. The aim of the research reported on this paper was to identify the data quality problems associated with the Dryad research data repository. In particular, three metadata elements (Creator, Date and Resource Type) were analysed and quality issues associated to these elements were identified. The paper concludes with some recommendations for improving the quality of metadata in research data repositories.
On the Usage of Behavior Models to Detect ATM Fraud
Authors: Klerx Timo  , Anderka Maik  , Kleine Büning Hans
Published: February 2025

The detection of ATM fraud is a key concern for both financial institutes and bank customers but also for ATM suppliers. This paper deals with the algorithmic learning of an ATM's behavior model given the data stream of status information produced by standard mechatronic devices embedded in modern ATMs. During operation, the observed status information is compared with the learned reference model to detect abnormal behavior—assuming that a significant anomaly is a strong indicator of a fraud attempt. In contrast to previous work on automatic ATM fraud detection, we apply a class of models that also capture the timing behavior, thus covering a broader range of fraud and manipulation. In particular, we present an approach to learn a tailored behavior model, called Probabilistic Deterministic Timed-Transition Automaton, in order to enable the detection of time-based anomalies. We also report on preliminary results of an empirical evaluation using a real-world data set recorded on a public ATM, indicating the practical applicability of our approach.
Emotional Trends in Social Media – A State Space Approach
Authors: Volgmann Sören  , Rangel Francisco  , Niggemann Oliver  , Rosso Paolo
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a new modeling and learning approach is presented which is based on two assumptions from the field of psychology: 1. The number of Tweets mainly depends on previous dynamics of the discussion, i.e. a state-space modeling approach is used for the first time. 2. Humans mainly react to emotional stimuli, i.e. Tweets are automatically characterized by their emotional content. Therefore, the emotions of conversations are extracted and used for system identification and parameter estimation of a state space model, which deals with events and its transitions.
NICTA Evacuation Planner: Actionable Evacuation Plans with Contraflows
Authors: Even Caroline  , Pillac Victor  , Van Hentenryck Pascal
Published: February 2025

Evacuations are a critical aspect of disaster management, and generally the first prevention measure to ensure the safety of the population under threat. Designing evacuation plans is a complex task that requires to take into account multiple factors in order to limit congestion and ensure that all evacuees reach safety in time. This paper proposes a conflict-based path-generation algorithm for evacuation planning and a web-based intelligent system targeted at local authorities and emergency services. The key contribution of this paper is to propose the first scalable approach to produce actionable evacuation plans that simultaneously schedules the evacuation and selects contraflow roads. The benefits of the approach are illustrated on two large-scale case studies. The resulting optimization model is integrated in NICTA EVACUATION PLANNER, a tool to model, plan, and simulate evacuations.
Analogical classification: A new way to deal with examples
Authors: Bounhas Myriam  , Prade Henri  , Richard Gilles
Published: February 2025

Introduced a few years ago, analogy-based classification methods are a noticeable addition to the set of lazy learning techniques. They provide amazing results (in terms of accuracy) on many classical datasets. They look for all triples of examples in the training set that are in analogical proportion with the item to be classified on a maximal number of attributes and for which the corresponding analogical proportion equation on the class has a solution. In this paper when classifying a new item, we demonstrate a new approach where we focus on a small part of the triples available. To restrict the scope of the search, we first look for examples that are as similar as possible to the new item to be classified. We then only consider the pairs of examples presenting the same dissimilarity as between the new item and one of its closest neighbors. Thus we implicitly build triples that are in analogical proportion on all attributes with the new item. Then the classification is made on the basis of a majority vote on the pairs leading to a solvable class equation. This new algorithm provides results as good as other analogical classifiers with a lower average complexity.
Learning Domain-specific Sentiment Lexicon with Supervised Sentiment-aware LDA
Authors: Yang Min  , Zhu Dingju  , Mustafa Rashed  , Chow Kam-Pui
Published: February 2025

Analyzing and understanding people's sentiments towards different topics has become an interesting task due to the explosion of opinion-rich resources. In most sentiment analysis applications, sentiment lexicons play a crucial role, to be used as metadata of sentiment polarity. However, most previous works focus on discovering general-purpose sentiment lexicons. They cannot capture domain-specific sentiment words, or implicit and connotative sentiment words that are seemingly objective. In this paper, we propose a supervised sentiment-aware LDA model (ssLDA). The model uses a minimal set of domain-independent seed words and document labels to discover a domain-specific lexicon, learning a lexicon much richer and adaptive to the sentiment of specific document. Experiments on two publicly-available datasets (movie reviews and Obama-McCain debate dataset) show that our model is effective in constructing a comprehensive and high-quality domain-specific sentiment lexicon. Furthermore, the resulting lexicon significantly improves the performance of sentiment classification tasks.
Spatial evolutionary game-theoretic perspective on agent-based complex negotiations
Authors: Chen Siqi  , Hao Jianye  , Weiss Gerhard  , Tuyls Karl  , Leung Ho-fung
Published: February 2025

The complexity of automated negotiation in a multi-issue, incomplete-information and continuous-time environment poses severe challenges, and in recent years many strategies have been proposed in response to this challenge. For the traditional evolution, strategies are studied in games assuming that “globally” negotiates with all other participates. This evaluation, however, is not suited for negotiation settings that are primarily characterized by “local” interactions among the participating agents, that is, settings in which each of possibly many participating agents negotiates only with its local neighbors rather than all other agents. A new class of negotiation games is therefore introduced that take negotiation locality (hence spatial information about the agents) into consideration. It is shown how spatial evolutionary game theory can be used to interpret bilateral negotiation results among state-of-the-art strategies.
Run-time Plan Repair for AUV Missions
Authors: Harris Catherine  , Dearden Richard
Published: February 2025

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions are challenging due to limited or no communication with the vehicle and uncertainty about what may be encountered during the mission. The vehicle has limited battery power and memory to store datasets and does not know how much of these resources its actions will consume. Managing the uncertainty by building contingency plans (as in previous work) is infeasible owing to the large number of contingencies. Purely online planning is also difficult because of restricted computation. We propose a mixture of off-line planning and on-line plan repair, presenting an approach for deleting parts of a plan when resources are tight, or stitching new plan fragments into an existing plan when additional resources are available. We discuss this novel approach using a simulated AUV mission domain.
Voids and material constitution across physical granularities
Authors: Hahmann Torsten  , Brodaric Boyan
Published: February 2025

The relation between an object and its matter is fundamental to all physical sciences, and represented widely and diversely in scientific ontologies. An under-appreciated aspect of this relation is the emergence of voids at finer levels of physical granularity. In this paper we enhance the constitution relation to account for the presence of finer voids, and show how this helps delineate two forms of constitution that hold within and between granular levels. This enhanced notion of the constitution relation is characterized formally, and is applied to hydro ontology development.
Constructions in Latvian Treebank: the Impact of Annotation Decisions on the Dependency Parsing Performance
Authors: Pretkalniņa Lauma  , Rituma Laura
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we analyze the impact of various dependency representations for various constructions on the general parsing accuracy and on the parsing accuracy of these constructions. We focus on the analysis of coordination constructions, complex predicates, and punctuation mark attachment. We use Latvian Treebank as a dataset, thus, providing insight for an inflective language with a rather free word order. Experiments with MaltParser, a transition-based parser, show clear difference in learnability of various representations for the considered constructions. Future work would include carrying out comparable experiments with a graph-based dependency parser like MSTParser.
Automatic Author Profiling of Lithuanian Parliamentary Speeches: Exploring the Influence of Features and Dataset Sizes
Authors: Kapočiūtė-Dzikienė Jurgita  , Šarkutė Ligita  , Utka Andrius
Published: February 2025

Extraction of demographic, cultural background characteristics or psychometric traits about an author from an anonymous text has a number of potential applications in such fields as forensics, security or user-targeted services. Despite significant advances in the automatic author profiling, the most of the research has been done on Germanic languages and not so much on morphologically rich languages. Consequently, this work is the first attempt at finding a good method for solving automatic author profiling in three dimensions for Lithuanian: age (6 categories), gender (2 categories) and political view (3 categories). To tackle this task we used the dataset, which contains text transcripts of Lithuanian parliamentary speeches and debates, thus representing formal spoken, but normative Lithuanian language. In our paper we explored different feature types (ultimate style markers, lexical, morphological, character, and aggregated) and dataset sizes (of 100, 200, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000 instances in each category). The best results were obtained with Support Vector Machine method, the largest tested dataset and lemmas as features: i.e. 44.6% of accuracy for age with interpolation up to trigrams, 74.6% for gender and 58.7% for political view with interpolation up to bigrams.
Watching You Watching Me: The Art of Playing the Panopticon
Authors: Coles-Kemp Lizzie  , Zugenmaier Alf  , Lewis Makayla
Published: February 2025

As governments increasingly deliver services over the Internet, the opportunities for monitoring and surveillance of society increase. In public services to support the vulnerable, such as welfare, monitoring and surveillance functionality is often regarded by system designers as important components in defences against fraud and system misuse. However, the responses from the participants in this study demonstrate the potential difficulty of deploying such approaches when the systems themselves are perceived as working against not with the communities and indicate that supportive social networks are a prerequisite for these the technological systems to be secure. We explored the case of the use of the Internet to deliver parts of the UK welfare system from the perspective of an economically and socially deprived community in the North East of England. The findings show that, in the views of the research participants, reliance on technological security mechanisms makes the underlying administrative processes less rather than more secure. The findings also show that a focus on system security and monitoring rather than benevolence and user empathy is a barrier to the successful delivery of ‘digital by default’ services and can increase the overall feelings of insecurity in everyday life for service users. Our conclusion is that rather than being regarded as a technical system, such a service is better conceptualised as a social system with technological elements embedded within it. We therefore also argue that if such technological systems are to be secure, then the service design must also support the social networks that interact with these systems. We further argue that service providers must work with individual communities to develop and support the social networks in order for the technological security controls to be effective.
The Human Side of Big Data: Exploring the way Data Shapes Consumer-Brand Relationships
Authors: Strong Colin
Published: February 2025

Personal data is increasingly important as a means for brands to mediate their relationships with consumers. A huge industry has built up around the collection, aggregation, trading and analytics of this data in a bid to generate growth for brands. Much of the agenda has implicitly assumed a linear relationship between the increased use of personal data and business growth. But research on consumer responses to increasing personalisation of marketing communications finds evidence for an ‘uncanny valley’ which can lead to consumers becoming less engaged with the brand. The paper uses the Johari Window as a model for exploring the interpersonal nature of consumer brand relationships and discusses the need for a greater focus on psychological, social and cultural factors that determine the way in which relationships are mediated through the use of personal data.
Citizen Enablement from Open Data to Open Policy: A Personal View
Authors: Taylor Jacqui
Published: February 2025

We are moving from the world of relevance, where search engines dominate the web and users consume passively, to a world of resonance, where the user is a key co-creator. Data is at the heart of this transition, and particularly Open data is having a significant impact on the evolution of our social models. I have observed that open data has the power to engage citizens in important new ways, leading to increased collaboration and participation. At a time when populations express dissatisfaction with Government, any positive engagement is worthy of exploration and study. I will chart the recent history of open data and illustrate outcomes of several of the key events. Revelations that governments are routinely harvesting citizens' private data, as well as debates about the secondary use of data they hold, have impacted the open data agenda. These events have alerted citizens to the potential impact on their digital life, and have prompted civil society movements to join and enrich the debate. This additional collaboration is now moving the agenda towards policy co-creation with the citizen. With the use of social machines there is a real opportunity to advance towards an inclusive social model that delivers on the promise of web science: ‘It’s for everyone’.
The Emerging Paradigm of Social Machines
Authors: De Roure David
Published: February 2025

The social machines paradigm provides a lens onto the interacting sociotechnical systems of our hybrid digital-physical world, citizen-centric and at scale. It facilitates our understanding of new social processes and provides a model for the design of future systems as we move into a world of pervasive technology deployment and increasing automation. The scale and hybridity of social machines demand newmethodological approaches that are set to underpin tomorrow's ‘normal science’.
Innovative structural frame using composite precast concrete components, the SMART frame
Authors: Hong Won-Kee  , Lim Chaeyeon  , Park Joongsoo  , Kim Sunkuk
Published: February 2025

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures have shown more economic efficiency and less constructability than steel structures even though construction technology of RC has evolved over the past 150 years. SMART frame is an innovative composite precast concrete (CPC) beam that has the merit of better constructability with respect to connections. SMART frame can be used for any building frames such as large size warehouses and pipe racks of industrial plants as well as residential, commercial buildings. It was found through numerous case studies that SMART frame reduces the embodied CO2by approximately 30%, the cost by 6% and the construction time when compared to existing structural systems.
Behaviour and design of a double track open timber floor plate girder railway deck steel bridge
Authors: Ellobody Ehab
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses the nonlinear behaviour and design of a double track open timber floor plate girder railway deck steel bridge. A 3-D finite element model has been developed for the bridge, which accounted for the bridge geometries, initial geometric imperfections, material nonlinearities of the bridge components, bridge boundary conditions, interactions between bridge components and bridge bracing systems. The simply supported double track railway steel bridge has a span of 30 m, a width of 7.2 m and a depth of 3.12 m. The bridge components comprising main plate girders, stringers, cross girders, connections, bracing members, stiffeners, bearings, and filed splices were designed following the design rules specified in the European Code for steel bridges. The live load acting on the bridge was Load Model 71, which represents the static effect of vertical loading due to normal rail traffic specified in the European Code. The finite element model of the double track bridge was developed depending on additional finite element models, developed by the author, for small and full-scale plate girder steel bridge tests previously reported in the literature. The small and full-scale tests had different geometries, different boundary conditions, different loading conditions and different failure modes. Failure loads, load-mid-span deflection relationships, failure modes, stress contours of the double track bridge as well as of the small and full-scale tests were predicted from the finite element analysis and compared well against test results. The comparison with test results has shown that the finite element models can be effectively used to provide more accurate analyses and better understanding for the behaviour and design of railway steel bridges. The paper presents a complete piece of work regarding the finite element analysis and design of railway steel bridges, which can be used for further parametric studies, finite element analyses and investigations of the bridges under different loading and boundary conditions. The study has shown that the design rules, loading and recommendations specified in the European Code provide accurate and conservative estimations for the design of railway steel bridges.
Low cycle fatigue performance of integral bridge steel H-piles subjected to earthquakes
Authors: Dicleli Murat  , Erhan Semih
Published: February 2025

Under the effect of medium and large intensity ground motions, the seismically-induced lateral cyclic displacements in steel H-piles of integral bridges (IBs) could be considerable. As a result, the piles may experience cyclic plastic deformations following a major earthquake. This may result in the reduction of their service life due to low-cycle fatigue effects. Accordingly, low cycle fatigue in integral bridge piles is investigated under seismic effects in this study For this purpose, an IB with two span is considered. Three dimensional nonlinear structural models of the IB including dynamic soil-bridge interaction effects are built. Then, time history analyses of the IB models are conducted using a set of ground motions with various intensities representing small, medium and large intensity earthquakes. In the analyses, the effect of various properties such as soil stiffness, pile size and orientation are considered. The magnitude of cyclic displacements of steel H-piles are then determined from the analyses results. In addition, using the existing data from experimental tests of steel H-piles, a fatigue damage model is formulated. This fatigue damage model is used together with the cyclic displacement obtained from seismic analyses to determine the remaining service life of IBs under cyclic displacement due to thermal effects. The fatigue analyses results reveals that earthquakes with large intensity may reduce the service life of the piles with non-compact sections.
A different approach to the design of steel columns
Authors: Gee Anthony F.  , Mtenga Primus V.
Published: February 2025

The Paper describes a method of obtaining the entire non-linear elastic behavior of prismatic columns having an initial out-of-straightness and a variety of end restraints and loading conditions. It is shown that columns do not in fact ‘buckle’ due to instability but rather fail under the combined effects of axial load and bending. For over 250 years eminent researchers have attempted to reconcile empirical data with the Euler critical axial stress. Failure loads were consistent with this stress, although at a slightly lower level attributable to initial imperfections, up to a certain value, known as the ‘elastic limit’ and usually assumed to be slightly less than half the yield stress of the material. Clearly the strength of the material sets an upper limit to the capacity of a column but researchers have never produced a satisfactory theory to explain why failure loads deviate from the Euler critical stress above this ‘elastic limit’. Consequently most current specifications for the design of steel columns are based on ‘column curves’ relating the critical axial stress to the slenderness ratio and consisting of two distinct parts: below the ‘elastic limit’, the equation to the curve is related directly to the Euler equation and is therefore independent of the strength of the material, above this it is simply a mathematically derived curve joining this point to the yield strength of the material. The subject method is continuously applicable over the whole range of slenderness ratios. It also allows a range of end restraint and loading conditions to be analyzed. Although researchers have recognized the potential benefits of obtaining the non-linear behavior of a column, it has always been considered too time-consuming to be used in everyday engineering design. However, the method is codified and tabulated in terms of non-dimensional parameters to provide a practical design office tool.
Flexural behavior of RC beams with local steel: analytical investigation
Authors: Charif Abdelhamid  , Mourad Shehab  , Khan M. Iqbal
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the analytical part of a work also including an experimental part presented in a separate paper. An analytical integration method for stress resultants across any shaped section is presented. The area integrals are first transformed to boundary line integrals using Green's theorem and then analytical integration is performed. The method is then used to predict moment-curvature relationships and compare with experimental results.
Effect of clay-concrete lining on canal seepage towards the drainage region – an analysis using Finite-Element method
Authors: Solomon Fitsum  , Ekolu Stephen
Published: February 2025

For proper design of a drainage system that utilizes lined canals, knowledge of the seepage into a soil substrate/drainage region is necessary so that the drainage blanket and /or filter type and thickness, and the size of collector pipes can all be designed. The work presented in this paper is based on the problem of steady-state seepage from a hypothetical irrigation canal into the substrate/drainage region towards asymmetrical trapezoidal concrete-lined canal. The problem is solved using a finite element based software program to determine the flow volume into the drainage region.