bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of the Prospective Significance and Recommendations of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sangma Salnamchi J. , Janakisrinath P. , Vidhya C. S.  , Patra Darshana , Kumar Sandeep , Magrey Ashiq Hussain , Senthilkumar T. , Joel Sanjeeth I.
Published: November 2023

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is a nutritious and drought-resistant cereal grain that has been traditionally grown in many parts of the world, particularly in arid and semiarid regions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential significance of pearl millet in the management and prevention of diabetes mellitus. This review will discuss some of the prospective benefits and significance of pearl millet for individuals with diabetes mellitus. Pearl millet has a low glycemic index, which means it has a relatively slow and steady impact on blood sugar levels when compared to high-GI foods. This is particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetes as it can help control post-meal blood sugar spikes. It's important to note that while pearl millet can be a valuable addition to the diet of individuals with diabetes, it should be part of a well-balanced diet that is tailored to their specific needs. The overall dietary approach should be coordinated with a healthcare professional or dietitian to ensure that it aligns with the individual's health goals and needs. Additionally, individuals with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels and make adjustments to their diet in consultation with a healthcare provider, as the impact of specific foods can vary from person to person. Pearl millet, like any other food, should be consumed in moderation as part of a diversified diet. In conclusion, pearl millet has the potential to be a significant component of a diabetes-friendly diet due to its low glycemic index, high fiber content, nutrient profile, and antioxidant properties. However, it should be part of an overall strategy that includes other healthy eating habits and lifestyle choices to effectively manage and prevent diabetes mellitus.
Structural Analysis of the Differential Chassis for Development of Paddy Weeder Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Veeraprasad G.  , Srininvas I.  , Ramireddy K. V. S.  , Hemakumar H. V.  , Srinivasa Rao V.
Published: November 2023

Aim: Structural analysis of differential frame used for development of weeder using finitie element analysis interms of Von Misses stress, displacement, and safety factor.

Study Design: Solid work simulation using finite element analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Dr NTR College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla. Duration of study was from June, 2023 to September, 2023.

Methodology: SolidWorks 2018 software was used for the development of 3 D model for differential chassis. AISI 1010 was the material utilized in the construction of the differential chassis of the weeder in this study. Based on the mentioned description of the analysis, the goal of this study was to use SolidWorks 2018 software and the finite element analysis method to examine the differential chassis frame construction. The minimum value of the safety factor was one of the references used as a gauge of a design's safety. Engineers frequently utilize an object's safety factor as a reference metric when determining how much stress it can withstand. This study's results include Von Mises stress, displacement, and safety factor for determining the material's capacity to sustain dynamic loads and shock loads.

Results & Discussions: The rated load of 2943N applied on differential chassis as per design calculation, lowest value of von Mises stress 0.112 N/m2 was observed at the Centre of differential where drive chain attached portion and highest von misses stress of 3.12x106 N/m2 was observed at brake drum edges where axle sprocket attached. Max deformation of 0.0647mm was observed at Centre of differential and minimum deformation of 1x10-3mm was observed at edges of brake drum. When rated load of 2943N applied, the factor of safety was observed as 3 which suited for carrying dynamic loads.

Conclusion: The differential chassis selected was suitable for development of axle system up to 2000 N dynamic load.
Aneurysm and Artery Dissection After Oral VEGFR-TKI Use in Adults With Cancer
Authors: Kang Soyoung , Yeon Bora , Kim Myo-Song , Yoo Myungsik , Kim Bonggi , Yu Yun Mi
Published: November 2023

Importance

The association of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-TKIs) with aneurysm and artery dissection (AAD) has been frequently reported in spontaneous reporting databases.

Objective

To investigate the risk and incidence of AAD occurrence in patients with cancer treated with oral VEGFR-TKIs, with capecitabine as an active comparator.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This national, historical cohort study was conducted using national claims data from the National Health Insurance Service in Korea from 2007 to 2020, with a 1-year follow-up. Patients with cancer aged 40 years or older prescribed oral VEGFR-TKIs or capecitabine were enrolled. Data were analyzed from September 2022 through April 2023.

Exposure

Oral VEGFR-TKIs (sorafenib, regorafenib, vandetanib, sunitinib, lenvatinib, axitinib, and pazopanib) or capecitabine as a comparator.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Hazard ratios (HRs) were used to investigate the association between VEGFR-TKI use and AAD after propensity score matching. The primary outcome was AAD, and secondary outcomes were aortic aneurysm and dissection and AAD with rupture. Outcomes were defined using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis codes.

Results

Among 127 710 patients with cancer eligible for the study (80 386 males [62.9%]; mean [SD] age, 62.6 [10.9] years), 37 308 patients received VEGFR-TKIs and 90 402 patients received capecitabine. Among 27 535 matched patients receiving VEGFR-TKIs, the incidence of AAD within 1 year of treatment initiation was 6.0 per 1000 person-years. The median (IQR) time to AAD onset in the matched AAD group was 114 (67-257) days after treatment initiation, with the highest incidence observed during the first 3 months (45 incidents vs 31, 17, and 16 incidents during 3- to 6-month, 6- to 9-month, and 9- to 12-month periods, respectively). Cox regression modeling showed that the risk of AAD occurrence was significantly higher among patients prescribed VEGFR-TKIs than those receiving capecitabine (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.08-2.02); similar results were obtained among females (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.26-3.42), older adults (aged ≥65 years; HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.01-1.99), and patients with dyslipidemia (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.11-2.24).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, the use of oral VEGFR-TKIs was associated with an increased risk of AAD occurrence. These findings elucidate vascular toxic effects and may provide a substantial reference for reducing the socioeconomic burden of adverse events associated with VEGFR-TKI use.
Cellulose Esters, Organic
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey E. , Masias Fiorella Mazzini , Yazdi Sara T. , Edgar Kevin J.
Published: November 2023

Renewable cellulose, the major structural component of plant cell walls, is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth, and exhibits many desirable properties including biodegradability, high stiffness, low inherent toxicity, and general compatibility with a plethora of biological tissues under many conditions. While these properties make cellulose appealing as a polymer, it is not melt‐ or solution‐processable due to its extensive inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bonding network that prevents softening or melting before decomposition. To circumvent this, cellulose can be converted into organic esters, generating a processable plastic material with the benefits inherent to cellulose. Organic cellulose esters have been commercially significant materials for over a century since their initial use as safety film to replace flammable nitrocellulose. Since then, the chemistry of cellulose esters has undergone dramatic growth, generating new cellulose derivatives with a wide range of properties, finding value in a wide variety of applications including industrial coatings, tissue engineering, drug delivery, optical materials, and biodegradable plastics. The polymer science of cellulose esters is an important, complex, and ever‐expanding field; herein, we will introduce and discuss the synthesis, characterization, structure–property relationships, and applications of organic cellulose esters.
Self‐Healing Polymers
Authors: Lee Young Bum , Chang Kelly M. , Wilson Gerald O. , Andersson H. Magnus , Moore Jeffrey S. , Sottos Nancy R. , Braun Paul V.
Published: November 2023

Self‐healing polymers have emerged as a promising class of materials due to their ability to autonomously repair after damage, leading to enhanced durability and extended lifetimes. Inspired by biological systems, self‐healing materials have potential to restore their original properties and functionalities without the need for external intervention. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the development and understanding of self‐healing polymers, paving the way for their widespread applications. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of self‐healing polymers, covering their mechanisms, challenges, and potential applications. The central concept of self‐healing is the ability of a material to mend itself after experiencing damage. Intrinsic self‐healing relies on the inherent properties of the polymer matrix, including reversible chemical bonds and dynamic interactions, to facilitate healing. Such mechanisms enable the restoration of the material's integrity without the need for external intervention. Extrinsic self‐healing strategies involve the incorporation of stimuli‐responsive components within the polymer which enable healing. These components include microcapsules containing healing agents, protected and bare catalysts, and agent‐containing vascular networks. Self‐healing enables the restoration of mechanical properties, aesthetics, and even optical properties and electrical conductivity offering the potential to revolutionize product reliability, reduce maintenance costs, and enhance safety in a wide range of applications.
A robust treatment planning approach for chest motion in postmastectomy chest wall intensity modulated radiation therapy
Authors: Miyasaka Yuya , ono Takuya , Chai Hongbo , Souda Hikaru , Lee Sung Hyun , Ishizawa Miyu , Akamatsu Hiroko , Sato Hiraku , Iwai Takeo
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Chest wall postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) should consider the effects of chest wall respiratory motion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of robustness planning intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for respiratory movement, considering respiratory motion as a setup error.

Material and methods

This study analyzed 20 patients who underwent PMRT (10 left and 10 right chest walls). The following three treatment plans were created for each case and compared. The treatment plans are a planning target volume (PTV) plan (PP) that covers the PTV within the body contour with the prescribed dose, a virtual bolus plan (VP) that sets a virtual bolus in contact with the body surface and prescribing the dose that includes the PTV outside the body contour, and a robust plan (RP) that considers respiratory movement as a setup uncertainty and performs robust optimization. The isocenter was shifted to reproduce the chest wall motion pattern and the doses were recalculated for comparison for each treatment plan.

Result

No significant difference was found between the PP and the RP in terms of the tumor dose in the treatment plan. In contrast, VP had 3.5% higher PTV Dmax and 5.5% lower PTV V95% than RP (p < 0.001). The RP demonstrated significantly higher lung V20Gy and Dmean by 1.4% and 0.4 Gy, respectively, than the PP. The RP showed smaller changes in dose distribution affected by chest wall motion and significantly higher tumor dose coverage than the PP and VP.

Conclusion

We revealed that the RP demonstrated comparable tumor doses to the PP in treatment planning and was robust for respiratory motion compared to both the PP and the VP. However, the organ at risk dose in the RP was slightly higher; therefore, its clinical use should be carefully considered.
Empirical analysis of a plan‐of‐the‐day strategy to approximate daily online reoptimization for prostate CBCT‐guided adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Yock Adam D. , Cooney Annie , Morales‐Paliza Manuel , Shinohara Eric , Homann Kenneth
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can improve the dose delivered to the patient in the presence of anatomic variations. However, the required time, effort, and clinical resources are intensive. This work analyzed a plan‐of‐the‐day (POD) approach on clinical patients treated with online ART to explore implementations that balance dosimetric benefit and clinical resource cost.

Methods

Eight patients treated to the prostate and proximal seminal vesicles with 26 fractions of CBCT‐guided, daily online ART were retrospectively analyzed. With a plan library composed of daily adaptive plans from the initial week of treatment and the original plan, the effect of a POD approach starting the following week was investigated by simulating use of these previously generated plans under 3‐ and 6‐degree‐of‐freedom patient alignment. The plan selected for each treatment was that from the library that maximized the Dice similarity coefficient of the clinical target volume with that of the current treatment fraction. The resulting distribution of several target coverage and organ‐at‐risk dose metrics are described relative to those achieved with the daily online reoptimized adaptive technique.

Results

The values of target coverage and organ‐at‐risk dose metrics varied across patients and metrics. The POD schemas closely approximated the reference values from a fully reoptimized adaptive plan yet required less than 20% of the reoptimization effort. The POD schemas also had a much greater effect on target coverage metrics than 6‐degree‐of‐freedom registration did. Organ‐at‐risk dose metrics also varied considerably across patients but did not exhibit a consistent dependence on the particular schema.

Conclusions

POD schemas were able to achieve the vast majority of the dosimetric benefit of daily online ART with a small fraction of the online reoptimization effort. Strategies like this might allow for more practical and strategic implementation of ART so as to benefit a greater number of patients.
I helped the interviewer and I liked it: Rapport building and benevolence transfer
Authors: Peek Jillian E. , Carol Rolando N. , Evans Jacqueline R. , Arms‐Chavez Clarissa J. , Tidwell Pamela
Published: November 2023

Rapport building is a widely recommended investigative technique that sometimes improves eyewitness recall. However, a clear understanding of how rapport impacts witness recall is lacking. We explored benevolence as a mediator between rapport and eyewitness recall while fixing the pre‐interview interaction to 3 min. Further, we explored whether rapport would lead to benevolence transferring to a subsequent unrelated task. A total of 109 participants viewed a mock crime and were interviewed about the crime either with or without rapport. Afterward, participants were asked to volunteer for a future research opportunity. Results indicated that rapport participants reported higher benevolence than control participants. Additionally, rapport participants volunteered to help the investigator more often than control participants. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two “benevolence” factors: (1) Effortful informativeness and (2) positive and rewarding. Our findings have implications for real‐world investigators who may appeal to witnesses' desire to be helpful and their resultant sense of satisfaction.
Post‐Synthetic Silver Ion and Sulfurization Treatment for Enhanced Performance in Sb2Se3 Water Splitting Photocathodes
Authors: Adams Pardis , Schnyder Ramon , Moehl Thomas , Bühler Jan , Alvarez Angel Labordet , Dimitrievska Mirjana , McKenna Keith , Yang Wooseok , Tilley S. David
Published: November 2023

In the past decade, antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has made significant progress as a solar energy conversion material. However, the photovoltage deficit continues to pose a challenge and is a major hurdle that must be overcome to reach its maximum solar conversion efficiency. In this study, various post‐synthetic treatments are employed, of which the combination of a solution phase silver nitrate treatment and sulfurization has shown to be the most effective approach to mitigate the photovoltage deficit in this Sb2Se3‐based device. A significant enhancement in the photovoltage is observed after the treatments, as evident by the increase in the onset potential from 0.18 to 0.40 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Multiwavelength Raman shows that combining these two treatments removes amorphous Se and metallic Sb from the surface and yields a high‐quality surface layer of Sb2(S1−x, Sex)3 on the bulk Sb2Se3 photoabsorber layer. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy with depth profiling reveals extensive incorporation of silver into the film. Density functional theory calculations suggest that silver ions can intercalate between the [Sb4Se6]n ribbons and remain in the Ag+ state. This effective treatment combination brings the practicality of the Sb2Se3 photocathode for water splitting one step closer to large‐scale applications.
Supported High‐Entropy Alloys for Electrooxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Assisted Water Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Yan , Ni Ming , Yan Wei , Zhu Chuhong , Jiang Daochuan , Yuan Yupeng , Du Haiwei
Published: November 2023

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production technology is essentially vital for future green and sustainable energy revolution while its large‐scale industrial application is still unsatisfactory due to the low efficiency of electrocatalysts and kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Developing novel electrocatalysts and coupling them with upgrading organic molecules are considered effective solutions. Herein, it reports a high‐entropy composite electrocatalyst consisting of FeCoNiAlMo alloy and carbon nanotube (CNT) for anodic benzyl alcohol (BA) electrooxidation coupled with cathodic hydrogen production. Because of the lower charge transfer resistance and faster reaction kinetics, the quinary FeCoNiAlMo/CNT is highly active to OER, remarkably outperforming the ternary FeCoNi/CNT counterpart. Then, the FeCoNiAlMo/CNT composite electrocatalyst is further utilized for BA oxidation reaction‐assisted hydrogen evolution. Combining the experimental and calculation results, the different activities when tested in BA‐containing or BA‐free electrolytes can be attributed to the different metal active sites with specific surface adsorption effects to water and BA molecules, respectively. This work develops a novel electrocatalyst for high‐efficient alcohol oxidation‐assisted electrolysis.
Tunable Anisotropic Extrinsic Self‐Trapped Exciton Emission in Van Der Waals Layered In4/3P2S6
Authors: Wang Shun , Zhou Ju , Zhou Zhou , Hu Yiqi , Li Qiankun , Xue Jinshuo , Feng Zhijian , Yan Qingyu , Luo Zhongshen , Feng Runcang , Weng Yuyan , Yao Jianlin , Ju Sheng , Fang Liang , You Lu
Published: November 2023

Self‐trapped exciton (STE) induced broad‐band emission (BE) has sparked considerable interest due to its potential applications in white‐light emitters and optoelectronics. This phenomenon is widely observed in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with soft lattice structures, and its physical origin is still under debate. Herein, strong sub‐bandgap STE emission with a large Stokes shift and a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 9.2% in van der Waals (vdW) layered In4/3P2S6 is reported. Combining comprehensive optical characterizations and theoretical calculations, this concludes that defect‐assisted extrinsic STE is responsible for the BE. The excitonic state can be further localized by hydrostatic pressure, resulting in a threefold PL intensity enhancement. In addition, angle‐resolved polarized Raman demonstrates the anisotropic lattice dynamics in IPS, which may underpin the highly linear anisotropy of the STE emission. This work clarifies the defect, STE, and anisotropy coupling effect in vdW crystal, and provides innovative avenues to modulate the STE luminescence.
Fabrication of Oriented Polycrystalline MOF Superstructures
Authors: Linares‐Moreau Mercedes , Brandner Lea A. , Velásquez‐Hernández Miriam de J. , Fonseca Javier , Benseghir Youven , Chin Jia Min , Maspoch Daniel , Doonan Christian , Falcaro Paolo
Published: November 2023

The field of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has progressed beyond the design and exploration of powdery and single‐crystalline materials. A current challenge is the fabrication of organized superstructures that can harness the directional properties of the individual constituent MOF crystals. To date, the progress in the fabrication methods of polycrystalline MOF superstructures has led to close‐packed structures with defined crystalline orientation. By controlling the crystalline orientation, the MOF pore channels of the constituent crystals can be aligned along specific directions: these systems possess anisotropic properties including enhanced diffusion along specific directions, preferential orientation of guest species, and protection of functional guests. In this perspective, we discuss the current status of MOF research in the fabrication of oriented polycrystalline superstructures focusing on the specific crystalline directions of orientation. Three methods are examined in detail: the assembly from colloidal MOF solutions, the use of external fields for the alignment of MOF particles, and the heteroepitaxial ceramic‐to‐MOF growth. This perspective aims at promoting the progress of this field of research and inspiring the development of new protocols for the preparation of MOF systems with oriented pore channels, to enable advanced MOF‐based devices with anisotropic properties.
Au Nanocluster Assisted Microstructural Reconstruction for Buried Interface Healing for Enhanced Perovskite Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Lu , Ma Yabin , Gao Yajun , Feng Xiaolong , Li Qiang , Shang Li , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Jen Alex K. Y. , You Jiaxue , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: November 2023

The heterogeneity of perovskite film crystallization along the vertical direction leads to voids and traps at the buried interfaces, hampering both efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Here, bovine serum albumin‐functionalized Au nanoclusters (ABSA), combined with heavy gravity, high surface charge density, and strong interactions with the electron transport layer, are designed to reconstruct the buried interfaces for not only high‐quality crystallization, but also improved carrier transfer. The ABSA macromolecules with amine function groups and larger surface charge density interact with the perovskite to improve the crystallinity, and gradually migrate towards the buried interface, healing the defective voids, hence suppressing surface recombination velocity from 3075 to 452 cm s−1. The healed buried interface and the higher surface potential of ABSA‐modified TiO2 lead to improved carrier extraction at the interface. The resulting solar cell attains a power conversion efficiency of 25.0% with negligible hysteresis and remarkable stability, maintaining 92.9% of their initial efficiency after 3200 h of exposure to the ambient atmosphere, they also exhibit better continuous irradiation stability compared to control devices. These findings provide a new metal‐protein complex to eliminate the deleterious voids and defects at the buried interface for improved photovoltaic performance and stability.
Wireless Battery‐Free Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Conch for Remote Muscle Activation
Authors: Zhang Mingwang , Yang Guangyou , Long Zhihe , Tang Yong , Li Dongming , Liang Shan , Lin Rui , Yang Zhixin , Bao Han , Xing Lili , Xue Xinyu , Zhan Yang , Xie Yan
Published: November 2023

Peripheral nerve stimulators have emerged as a crucial instrument in the realm of neurological disease, capable of modulating nerve activity through precisely targeted electrical stimulation to specific sites within the nervous system. Herein, a new wireless battery‐free peripheral nerve stimulation device for remote muscle activation is developed. The device with conch‐inspired bionic design can be wirelessly powered and controlled by a mobile phone playing audio via the piezoelectric effect. The device consists of two parts: a conch‐like signal‐intensifying piezoelectric resonator for converting acoustic wave into electrostimulation signal; and a pedestal with stimulation electrodes for transmitting the electrostimulation signal to a peripheral nerve. For remote nerve intervention, a programmed audio tone from one mobile phone can be tele‐transmitted from other phones according to the desired stimulation protocols. In‐vivo experiments in stimulating the sciatic nerve in mice showed that the device can activate muscles (e.g., 1 Hz 920 mV for 26 degree of leg movement), and the neuron‐muscle interaction has been confirmed by electromyogram (EMG). The wireless peripheral nerve stimulation conch achieves feasible remote muscle activation without batteries, and can extend the scope of self‐powered techniques for telemedicine and limb/trunk rehabilitation.
Detection of Charge‐Neutral Near‐Equilibrium Processes at Na‐Metal Electrodes by Electrochemical Microcalorimetry
Authors: Karcher Franziska , Uhl Matthias , Geng Tanja , Jacob Timo , Schuster Rolf
Published: November 2023

Investigations on electrochemical kinetics usually rely on the measurement of current or potential as a function of time. Charge‐neutral process steps or side reactions are naturally disguised in the electrical signals and have only indirect impact. However, all processes will contribute to heat evolution. In this work, heat absorption/liberation is measured as a function of time for pulsed Na deposition/dissolution on a Na‐electrode in a 1 m NaPF6/diglyme solution, in addition to the standard electrochemical signals. While potential and current transients both exhibited sharp rectangular shapes, indicating instantaneous electrochemical Na deposition or dissolution on the time scale of the pulse (10 ms), heat absorption or liberation continued up to about 0.5 s after the pulse. Since heat evolution is to large extent reversible, this corresponded to entropy changes in the absence of external electric current flow, pointing to a reversible, charge‐neutral chemical process accompanying Na deposition or dissolution. From the observed entropy changes, it is suggested that upon Na deposition solvated Na+ ions are instantaneously transferred into the outer layers of the solid electrolyte interphase, followed by slow desolvation.
Fixing the leaky physician‐scientist pipeline: Integrated–dedicated research period programs in emergency medicine
Authors: Veverka Mitchell C. , Ryus Caitlin R. , Gerardo Charles J. , Bernstein Steven L. , Limkakeng Alexander T.
Published: November 2023

Emergency physicians (EPs) are well positioned to perform medical research. EPs are exposed to a wide range of disease types, medical specialties, and treatment modalities. Furthermore, emergency medicine (EM) serves as the safety net for the U.S. health care system. The diverse exposure provides a vast opportunity for EP to perform many worthwhile research projects. Yet, EM has historically had the lowest amount of funding and a lower number of National Institutes of Health–funded research projects. Many suggest the etiology is a “leaky” educational pipeline with loss of many potential physician‐scientists over the training and development course. Current research training options for the EM physician‐scientist includes MD‐PhD, 4‐year EM residency program and postresidency fellowships. While each has its advantages and disadvantages, we describe an additional educational alternative of EM physician‐scientists, which we have named the integrated–dedicated research period within an EM residency. We describe the features of these programs and preliminary results from the graduates and current trainees.
Preparation of asymmetric tubular Co‐SiC catalytic membrane for synergistic removal of PM2.5, NO, and toluene
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Yin Yongliang , Tan Jiesong , Zeng Yiqing , Low Ze‐Xian , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Xing Weihong
Published: November 2023

SiC catalytic membranes exhibit remarkable promise in controlling of dust and atmospheric pollutant emissions. However, their fabrication is limited to small‐scale production, with dimensions up to a disc of 30 mm in diameter. Scaling up the fabrication to tubular SiC catalytic membranes without compromising their application performance remains a challenge due to uncontrollable structural defects during processing. Herein, a tubular Co‐SiC (TCS) catalytic membrane was fabricated through a combination of cold‐isostatic‐pressure molding, spin spray‐coating and acid‐treating processes. The TCS catalytic membrane shows high filtration efficiencies toward industrial‐PM2.5 concentrations. A competitive reaction between NO and toluene was observed on TCS catalytic membrane, and the toluene oxidation is prioritized at low temperatures. In a 52 h stability test, the TCS catalytic membrane achieved PM2.5, NO, and toluene removal efficiencies of 98.92%, 70%, and 100%, respectively. This study lays the foundation for the practical implementation of SiC catalytic membranes in industrial emissions treatment.
Fabrication of Magnetic Microrobots by Assembly
Authors: Deng Yan , Zhao Yue , Zhang Jianguo , Arai Tatsuo , Huang Qiang , Liu Xiaoming
Published: November 2023

Magnetic microrobots have gained significant attention in the biomedical field due to their wireless actuation, strong controllability, fast response, and minimal impact on the environment. As the task complexity keeps increasing in the clinical applications of magnetic microrobots, more geometric structures and magnetization profiles have been included in the designs of magnetic microrobots, posing significant challenges to the fabrication of magnetic microrobots. Microassembly is a fabrication method that can create convoluted structures with small‐scale modules. It can accurately control the position and orientation of each magnetic module, resulting in a magnetic microrobot with arbitrary 3D geometries and magnetization profiles. This article reviews recent advanced assembly‐based fabrication methods of magnetic microrobots, including microassembly driven by contact mechanical forces and noncontact field forces. The principles, fabrication processes, and the advantages and disadvantages of each assembly‐based fabrication method are summarized. The existing challenges and future development of fabricating magnetic microrobots by assembly are discussed in detail. It is believed that this review will provide a methodological reference and inspire new ideas for manufacturing powerful magnetic microrobots in future biomedical applications.
Enantioselective Reaction of Diynes and Multiynes for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds
Authors: Zhu Xin‐Qi , Li Yu‐Chao , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: November 2023

Diynes and multiynes have proven to versatile synthons for the synthesis of a range of useful cyclic compounds, especially functionalized complicated polycyclic skeletons comprising carbocycles and heterocycles. Axially chiral compounds, one of the most significant class of compounds featuring axial chirality, are widely existed in natural products and pharmaceuticals as well as chiral ligands and chiral catalysts. Over the past decades, numerous of synthetic protocols have been established for the atroposelective synthesis of axially chiral compounds. However, the catalytic asymmetric atroposelective reaction of diynes and multiynes has been rarely investigated and there is no systematic brief up to now. In this review, we summarize the advances in the attainments of the catalytic asymmetric reaction of diynes and multiynes for the construction of axially chiral compounds, and also propose the remained challenges and opportunities for future breakthroughs in this field.
Construction of C2‐C3 Contiguous Stereogenic Centers in Indoline Derivatives by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Ito Natsuki , Arai Shigeru , Nishida Atsushi
Published: November 2023

We report a reduction‐condensation‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition sequence to create C2‐C3 contiguous stereogenic centers in indoline derivatives. This method includes a one‐pot procedure starting from easily obtainable nitroketones and can be applied to intrarmolecular cycloaddition to give highly functionalized isoxazolidines. Both a length of methylene tether and olefinic substituents strongly affect the cycloaddition mode (exo/endo approach) to give highly stereo‐controlled tri‐ and tetracyclic systems through a single operation. Intermolecular cycloaddition is also applicable to the construction of 3 stereocenters in range of 47–87 % yield.
NHC‐Catalyzed C3‐Acylation of 2‐Oxindoles by Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Aryl Aldehydes
Authors: Muthuvel Karthick , Gandhi Thirumanavelan
Published: November 2023

We here report an effective NHC‐catalyzed acylation of 2‐oxindoles using aldehydes with the aid of aerobic oxidation to prepare 3‐alkylideneoxindoles ‐ a biologically active moiety. This protocol is the first report on the use of oxidized Breslow intermediate for the carbon nucleophile and applies to a wide variety of aryl aldehydes, cyclohexanal, and metallocene‐aldehyde. Lower catalyst loading, milder base, greener oxidant, easily available substrates, and ambient reaction temperature exemplify this as a sustainable methodology.
Personality predictors of dementia diagnosis and neuropathological burden: An individual participant data meta‐analysis
Authors: Beck Emorie D. , Yoneda Tomiko , James Bryan D. , Bennett David A. , Hassenstab Jason , Katz Mindy J. , Lipton Richard B. , Morris John , Mroczek Daniel K. , Graham Eileen K.
Published: November 2023

INTRODUCTION

The extent to which the Big Five personality traits and subjective well‐being (SWB) are discriminatory predictors of clinical manifestation of dementia versus dementia‐related neuropathology is unclear.

METHODS

Using data from eight independent studies (Ntotal= 44,531; Ndementia= 1703; baseline Mage= 49 to 81 years, 26 to 61% female; Mfollow‐up range = 3.53 to 21.00 years), Bayesian multilevel models tested whether personality traits and SWB differentially predicted neuropsychological and neuropathological characteristics of dementia.

RESULTS

Synthesized and individual study results indicate that high neuroticism and negative affect and low conscientiousness, extraversion, and positive affect were associated with increased risk of long‐term dementia diagnosis. There were no consistent associations with neuropathology.

DISCUSSION

This multistudy project provides robust, conceptually replicated and extended evidence that psychosocial factors are strong predictors of dementia diagnosis but not consistently associated with neuropathology at autopsy.

Highlights

N(+), C(−), E(−), PA(−), and NA(+) were associated with incident diagnosis.

Results were consistent despite self‐report versus clinical diagnosis of dementia.

Psychological factors were not associated with neuropathology at autopsy.

Individuals with higher conscientiousness and no diagnosis had less neuropathology.

High C individuals may withstand neuropathology for longer before death.
Fast Interfacial Carrier Dynamics Modulated by Bidirectional Charge Transport Channels in ZnIn2S4‐based Composite Photoanodes Probed by Scanning Photoelectrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Shengya , Du Peiyao , Xiao Hui , Wang Ze , Zhang Rongfang , Luo Wei , An Juan , Gao Yuling , Lu BingZhang
Published: November 2023

Limited charge separation/transport efficiency remains the primary obstacle of achieving satisfying photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. Therefore, it is essential to develop diverse interfacial engineering strategies to mitigate charge recombination. Despite obvious progress having been made, most works only considered a single‐side modulation in either the electrons of conduction band or the holes of valence band in a semiconductor photoanode, leading to a limited PEC performance enhancement. Beyond this conventional thinking, we developed a novel coupling modification strategy to achieve a composite electrode with bidirectional carrier transport for a better charge separation, in which Ti2C3Tx MXene quantum dots (MQDs) and α‐Fe2O3 nanodots (FO) are anchored on the surface of ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) nanoplates, resulting in markedly improved PEC water splitting of pure ZIS photoanode. Systematic studies indicated that the bidirectional charge transfer pathways were stimulated due to MQDs as “electron extractor” and S−O bonds as carriers transport channels, which synergistically favors significantly enhanced charge separation. The enhanced kinetic behavior at the FO/MQDs/ZIS interfaces was systematically and quantitatively evaluated by a series of methods, especially scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy. This work may deepen our understanding of interfacial charge separation, and provide valuable guidance for the rational design and fabrication of high‐performance composite electrodes.
A Nanoinhibitor Targeting cGAS‐STING Pathway to Reverse the Homeostatic Imbalance of Inflammation in Psoriasis
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Zhou Dongtao , Li Zhun , Luan Xiaowei , Yang Jingjing , Tang Shaochun , Song Yujun
Published: November 2023

Psoriasis is a chronic skin inflammation characterized by dysregulated crosstalk between immune cells and keratinocytes. Here we show that the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is a key regulator of psoriatic inflammation in a mouse model. Platinum‐doped positively charged carbon dots (Pt‐CDs) were designed to inhibit the cGAS‐STING pathway. By inhibiting the cGAS‐STING pathway with Pt‐CDs, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages was reduced, and the proinflammatory cytokines‐induced breakdown of immunological tolerance and overexpression of chemokines in keratinocytes was restored, which reversed the homeostatic imbalance through breaking these cytokines‐mediated intercellular positive feedback loop. Topical Pt‐CDs treatment exhibited therapeutic effects in imiquimod‐induced psoriasis mice without noticeable toxicity. The reversal of elevated expression of STING, phosphorylated STING, and downstream genes within psoriatic lesions indicates that Pt‐CDs effectively inhibit the cGAS‐STING pathway. This work suggests a promising strategy for psoriasis treatment by targeting the cGAS‐STING pathway with Pt‐CDs nanoinhibitor to restore skin homeostatic balance.
Adverse experiences in early intimate relationships and next‐generation infant–mother attachment: findings from the ATP Generation 3 Study
Authors: Olsson Catherine M. , Greenwood Christopher J. , Letcher Primrose , Tan Evelyn , Opie Jessica E. , Booth Anna , McIntosh Jennifer , Olsson Craig A.
Published: November 2023

Chronic insecurities that emerge from adverse experiences in early intimate partner relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood can have profound impacts on mental health and well‐being. Less clear is the extent to which these experiences for parents impact subsequent relationships within and across generations. We examine the extent to which secure, dismissing, pre‐occupied, and fearful intimate partner relationships in adolescence and emerging adulthood, well before becoming a parent, are associated with next‐generation patterns of attachment between mothers and infant offspring. Data were drawn from a nested study of infant–mother attachment (n = 220) within the Australian Temperament Project Generation 3 Study (N = 1167, est. 1983). Intimate partner relationships in adolescence and young adulthood were assessed by self‐report at 23–24 years of age. Over a decade later, infant–mother attachment security was assessed at 12 months post‐partum. Young adult intimate partner relationships defined by high levels of fearful, pre‐occupied, and dismissing attachment styles were reported in 11%, 17%, and 38% of young mothers, respectively. Increases in fear of intimacy in relationships were associated with an increase in the odds, by around 50%, of infant–mother insecure attachments (vs secure; OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.28) and disorganised attachments (vs organised; OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.00, 2.22). A mother's self‐reported history of fear of intimacy within young adult relationships predicts later insecure and disorganised mother–infant attachments. Guidance and greater support for young people navigating their earliest intimate relationships may not only prevent adverse relational experiences at the time but also on becoming a parent. Findings have relevance for family and infant mental health therapies. Translating these findings into supported conversations may help prevent infant–mother attachment difficulties, or later repair them, through validation of the lingering effects of early fear of intimacy and empowerment of parents to prevent next‐generation infant experiences of distrust.
Initiating the dialogue between infant mental health and family therapy: a qualitative inquiry and recommendations
Authors: Opie Jessica E. , Booth Anna T. , Rossen Larissa , Fivaz‐Depeursinge Elisabeth , Duschinsky Robbie , Newman Louise , McIntosh Jennifer E. , Hartley Eliza , Painter Felicity , Oppenheim David , Paul Campbell , Corboz‐Warnery Antoinette , Carr Alan , Philipp Diane A. , McHale James P.
Published: November 2023

This qualitative study explores infant‐family mental health experts' perspectives and experiences regarding the inclusion of infants in the family therapy setting. Infant socioemotional development is relational in nature and evolves in the context of both dyadic attachment relationships and broader multi‐person co‐parenting systems. Given this, we sought to understand why family therapy interventions involving families with infants rarely include the infant in a triangular or family systemic approach. Interviews were completed by clinical and/or research experts whose work integrates tenets of both infant mental health (IMH) and family theory and therapy. All interviewees brought at least 5 years of expertise and were actively engaged in the field. Interviewees expressed consistent beliefs that infants have a rightful and helpful place in family therapy approaches. They maintained that infants' innate social drive and communicative capacities position them to make meaningful and clinically significant contributions within family and systemic psychotherapy contexts. Noting that infants have remained on the periphery of these practices, experts advocated expansion and greater integration between IMH and family therapy, while preserving each field's distinctive identity. Experts reported that the interplay between IMH and family therapy fields has been uni‐directional as family systems concepts are embedded within IMH approaches, but few IMH premises are incorporated in mainstream family therapy practices. The disconnect was attributed to multiple factors, including graduate and professional training and theoretical, clinical, research, and sociocultural barriers, which were mutually reinforcing. Experts also identified clinical gains for both infants and family members when infants were meaningfully included in family interventions. Common ground was identified between the disciplines, with a belief that relationally distressed young children and parents are best served by clinical engagement with their network of relationships. Results call for greater collaboration between disciplines to challenge existing traditions and to more fully include infants in mainstream family therapy. Recommendations for integration of family therapy and IMH in clinical, theoretical, research, training, and sociocultural domains are offered.
Immobilized zirconium‐thiouracil complex on MCM‐41 magnetic mesoporous as a recyclable nanocatalyst for carbon‐sulfide bond formation
Authors: Shirvandi Zeinab , Rostami Amin
Published: November 2023

The synthesis and characterization of MCM‐41 magnetic mesoporous material, which has been modified with zirconium‐thiouracil complex (M‐MCM‐41@TU‐ZrO), has been conducted and thoroughly analyzed using an array of techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The catalytic performance of M‐MCM‐41@TU‐ZrO was tested in the synthesis of phenyl aryl sulfides through a three‐component coupling reaction of aryl halides/phenolic esters with phenylboronic acid and sulfur powder in the presence of a base in PEG200 at 80–90°C. Also, the synthesis of symmetrical diaryl sulfides using aryl halides and sulfur powder and M‐MCM‐41@TU‐ZrO as a nanocatalyst in dimethyl sulfoxide at 120°C was investigated. A major novelty is that this is the first time that a highly efficient magnetically recyclable zirconium nanocatalyst is used for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in the presence of arylboronic acid/S8 system as thiolating agent and phenolic esters as cross‐coupling partners. The other advantages of this method are as follows: (a) the structurally diverse phenyl aryl sulfides have been synthesized in good to high yields in PEG as a green solvent; (b) starting materials, sulfur source, and catalyst are commercially available, cheap, non‐toxic, and chemically stable; and (c) M‐MCM‐41@TU‐ZrO nanocatalyst was easily removed from the reaction mixture using an external magnet and reused numerous times without any significant change in activity.
Pharmacokinetic study of five components of Fuzheng Huayu tablets in healthy human plasma
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Hu Yeqing , Liu Xueying , Li Rongsheng , Pan Yifeng , Liu Chenghai , Yang Tao
Published: November 2023

Natural medicines play a crucial role in clinical drug applications, serving as a primary traditional Chinese medicine for the clinical treatment of liver fibrosis. Understanding the in vivo metabolic process of the Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) formula is essential for delving into its material basis and mechanism. In recent years, there has been a growing body of research focused on the mechanisms and component analysis of FZHY. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics of FZHY in healthy volunteers following oral administration. Blood samples were collected at designated time intervals after the oral intake of 9.6‐g FZHY tablets. A UHPLC‐Q/Exactive method was developed to assess the plasma concentrations of five components post‐FZHY ingestion. The peak time for all components occurred within 10 min. The peak concentration (Cmax) values for amygdalin, schisandrin, and schisandrin A ranged from 3.47 to 28.80 ng/mL, with corresponding AUC(0–t) values ranging from 10.63 to 103.20 ng h/mL. For schisandrin B and prunasin, Cmax values were in the range of 86.52 to 229.10 ng/mL, and their AUC(0–t) values ranged from 375.26 to 1875.54 ng h/mL, indicating significant exposure within the body. These findings demonstrate that the developed method enables rapid and accurate detection and quantification of the five components in FZHY, offering a valuable reference for its clinical study.