bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF SIMPLICITY CONCEPT OF TAXATION ON FINAL INCOME TAX REGIME IN INDONESIA
Authors: Nugroho Adrianto Dwi
Published: December 2016

The Final Withholding Tax (hereinafter, FWHT) requires certain taxable income to be taxed in accordance with special rules that differ from the calculation of income taxes in general, and thus, disregarding the payer’s ability to pay. One concept upheld in justifying FWHT is simplicity. However, the concept has not  been  defined  clearly  in  FWHT  regime  in  Indonesia.  The  study  shows  that  conceptually,  there  are two definitions of simplicity in understanding its manifestation in FWHT regime in Indonesia. However, these definitions have deviated from the Pay As You Earn (PAYE) concept, which provides basis for any withholding system in taxation. Pajak Penghasilan (selanjutnya, PPh) Final menghendaki objek PPh tertentu dipungut pajaknya berdasarkan penghitungan yang berbeda dengan penghitungan PPh umum, sehingga tidak dihitung menurut kemampuan membayar dari Wajib Pajak tersebut. Salah satu konsep yang dapat menjustifikasi penyimpangan tersebut adalah kesederhanaan dalam pemungutan pajak. Namun demikian, konsep ini tidak memiliki pemaknaan yang jelas dalam pemungutan PPh Final di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara konseptual terdapat beberapa pemaknaan konsep kesederhanaan yang dapat digunakan dalam memahami rezim PPh Final di Indonesia. Namun demikian, makna konsep kesederhanaan ini menyimpang dari konsep Pay As You Earn, yang mendasari rezim PPh Pemotongan, termasuk yang bersifat final.
PREVENTING CAPITAL MARKET VIOLATIONS AND CRIMES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SELF­REGULATORY ORGANIZATION FUNCTION
Authors: Sulistyowati Mrs. , Paripurna Mr.
Published: December 2016

This study examines the preventive measures that can be taken by the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) in their capacity as an SRO in response to capital market infractions. The main role of IDX is as a provider of facilities and infrastructure in capital market activities. Nonetheless, as a self- regulatory organization (SRO) IDX has additional role as regulator of the capital markets with limited authority. This study found that IDX was quite consistent in upholding the legislation in the field of capital markets. However, compliance level of the exchange members is still quite low. Penelitian ini meneliti langkah-langkah pencegahan pelanggaran dan kejahatan pasar modal yang dapat diambil oleh BEI dalam kapasitasnya sebagai SRO. Peran utama BEI adalah sebagai penyedia sarana dan prasarana dalam kegiatan kepasarmodalan. Meskipun demikian, sebagai self-regulatory organization(SRO) BEI mempunyai peran tambahan sebagai regulator pasar modal dengan kewenangan terbatas dalam menetapkan peraturan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa BEI telah cukup konsisten dalam menegakkan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang pasar modal. Akan tetapi tingkat kepatuhan anggota bursa dapat dikatakan masih cukup rendah.
PRINSIP GOOD FAITH(ITIKAD BAIK) DALAM HUKUM KONTRAK BISNIS INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Cindawati Mrs.
Published: December 2016

The law of international business contracts is the law of national contract with additional of foreign substances, this principle relevant for the law of  international business contracts. Writer has an interest in the issue what principle good faith in the international business contract law. Principle good faith is honesty in behavior or honesty in trade transaction, which include honesty in fact and honour towards proper trade standards, and honesty in trade transaction. Relations require good faith when contract signatory, but also not yet to close the contracts. Hukum Kontrak Internasional adalah hukum kontrak nasional yang ada unsur asingnya, prinsip ini relevan bagi Hukum Kontrak Internasional. Penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji dengan permasalahan: apa prinsip good faith(itikad baik) dalam hukum kontrak internasional? Prinsip good faith(itikad baik) tidak lain adalah “kejujuran” dalam perilaku atau kejujuran dalam bertransaksi dagang, termasuk di dalamnya adalah kejujuran dalam fakta dan penghormatan terhadap standar-standar dagang yang wajar dan transaksi dagang yang jujur. Hubungan mensyaratkan kewajiban itikad baik bukan saja ketika kontrak ditandatangani, tetapi juga sebelum kontrak ditutup.
PENATAAN LEMBAGA NEGARA MANDIRI DALAM STRUKTUR KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA
Authors: Mawarini Sukmariningsih Retno
Published: December 2016

This purpose of this article is to harmonize and to synchronize regulations of independent state agencies in order to avoid from the overlapping within those agencies so that they persistently can exercise their function, and further to analyze them normatively as ad-hoc commissions under the effective regulations or otherwise. The rearrangement is purported to reconstruct the regulations of independent state agencies and it must begin from the constitution so that we internally can simplify to supervise and to minimize abuse of power carried on by the independent state agencies in order to answer people’s serious challenge. Tulisan ini mempunyai tujuan agar ada harmonisasi regulasi lembaga negara mandiri supaya sesama lembaga negara mandiri tidak overlappingdalam menjalankan fungsinya dan lebih jauh lagi untuk mengkaji secara normatif lembaga negara mandiri seperti komisi-komisi yang dibentuk secara ad-hocdalam peraturan perundang-undangan jauh lebih efektif atau justru sebaliknya. Penataan regulasi ini bermaksud untuk penataan regulasi kelembagaan negara khususnya lembaga negara mandiri yang diawali dari konstitusi, sehingga akan memudahkan pengawasan secara internal dan meminimalisir penyalahgunaan kekuasaan lembaga negara mandiri yang pembentukannya mestinya untuk menjawab tantangan kebutuhan masyarakat.
THE IMPORTANT OF MANDATORY CONSULAR NOTIFICATION BETWEEN INDONESIA AND OTHER FOREIGN STATES
Authors: Gustina Amelya
Published: December 2016

The advancement of globalization, cause the high rate of migration people from one nation to another nations. They come for many activities that might cause problems for them in the destination countries that make them arrested or detention. Realizing this condition many country establish consular relation by ratified VCCR 1963. In spite of it, there are still many cases not related to that cconvention. The method used is the juridical-normative with qualitative-descriptive approach. The result of paper reveals that the importance of Mandatory Consular Notification (MCN) is to optimalize the protection of Indonesia citizens in abroad. Kemajuan globalisasi, menyebabkan tingginya tingkat migrasi orang dari satu negara ke negara lain. Mereka datang untuk berbagai aktivitas yang mungkin menyebabkan masalah di negara tujuan yang membuat mereka ditangkap atau ditahan. Menyadari kondisi ini banyak negara membangun hubungan konsuler dengan meratifikasi Konvensi Wina tentang Hubungan Konsuler 1963. Terlepas dari itu, masih banyak kasus warga tidak terkait dengan konvensi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari tulisan ini mengungkapkan bahwa pentingnya Persetujuan Notifikasi Konsuler (Mandatory Consular Notification/MCN) untuk mengoptimal perlindungan terhadap warga negara kita di luar negeri.
REORIENTATION TOWARDS THE NATURE OF JURISPRUDENCE IN LEGAL RESEARCH
Authors: Hardianto Danang
Published: December 2016

This article is used to distinguish a deepest understanding between normative and empirical legal research. The jurisprudence is characteristically sui generis or ‘be on one’s own’, it contents norms and its scope, namely legal dogmatic, legal theory, and philosophy of law, is used to solve legal issues or problems.Otherwise the empirical science armed with its methodology,especially in connection with the sociology of law and called with the socio-legal research, describes merely the legal phenomena. Therefore, this article chiefly criticize the failing of the sociology of law to solve legal issues or problems for legal practice or legal scholarship. Artikel ini digunakan untuk membedakan sebuah pemahaman yang mendalam diantara penelitian hukum normatif dan empiris. Ilmu hukum bersifat sui generis atau hanya untuk jenisnya sendiri. Ilmu hukum mengandung  norma  dan  ruang  lingkupnya,  yaitu  dogmatik  hukum,  teori  hukum,  dan  filsafat  hukum, digunakan untuk memecahkan isu atau masalah hukum. Sebaliknya ilmu sosial, terkait dengan sosiologi hukum dan disebut dengan penelitian socio-legalhanya menggambarkan gejala-gejala hukum. Oleh karena itu, secara tegas artikel ini mengkritisi kegagalan sosiologi hukum untuk memecahkan isu atau masalah hukum baik untuk kebutuhan praktik maupun akademisi.
PELAKSANAAN ITIKAD BAIK MEMORY OF UNDERSTANDINGDALAM PERJANJIAN JOINT VENTUREPERUSAHAAN MODAL ASING
Authors: Guntoro Heru
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the perspective of law in implementation good conviction memory of understanding in joint venture agreement and the result from law implementation memory of understanding in join venture agreement in the supreme court decision. This research is a literary research, the legal matters are analyzed qualitatively using normatif and juridical approach. From research can concludes, implementation from good conviction Memory of Understanding in the joint venture agreement are command of regulation with there are measure and explisit sanction to they who break a promise. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perspektif hukum perdata terhadap pelaksanaan itikad baik dan akibat hukum pelaksanaan Memory of Understandingdalam perjanjian joint venturePerusahaan Modal Asing dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kepustakaan, bahanbahan hukum yang dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan komparatif. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa: pelaksanaan itikad baik Memory of Understandingdalam perjanjian joint venturePerusahaan Modal Asing merupakan perintah Undang-Undang serta ada tindakan dan sanksi tegas bagi mereka yang telah melakukan wanprestasi (beritikad tidak baik).
THE APPLICATION OF THE BALANCE PRINCIPAL IN THE NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN MARINE AND COASTAL AREAS
Authors: Tjiptabudy Jantje
Published: December 2016

This research aims to discuss the implementation of balance principle of marine and coastal resources management.  The type of this research is a normative research by way of applying the provisions and conceptual approach. The result of the research shows that the government authority is more dominant than protect the interest of adat law society. In the implementation of balance principle with regards to the coastal and natural resources management has not yet fully provided the positive impact for the social welfare. Besides, both parties have different concept of balance principle, so that it is incompatible with the substance and interpretation in its implementation. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penerapan asas keseimbangan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam laut dan pesisir. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan pemerintah lebih dominan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam, namun kurang memberikan perlindungan terhadap kepentingan masyarakat hukum adat. Penerapan prinsip keseimbangan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam di wilayah laut dan pesisir belum sepenuhnya memberikan pengaruh positif bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Selain itu, kedua belah pihak mempunyai konsep yang berbeda tentang prinsip keseimbangan sehingga dalam penerapannya belum sesuai dengan makna atau hakekatnya.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY LAW OF HYBRID POWER STATION FOR SOCIAL WELFARE
Authors: Widowati Dyah Ayu
Published: December 2016

This study was aimed to investigate the Implementation of Energy Law of Hybrid Power Station for Social Welfare in Pantai Baru. The problem formulations are the management and utilization of hybrid power station in Pantai Baru and implementation of energy law of hybrid power station for social welfare in the fields of economy and information in Pantai Baru. Based on data analysis it is concluded that the management of hybrid power station in Pantai Baru is performed collaboratively between government and the society. The existence of hybrid power station in pantai baru has positive impacts in economy and information. Penelitian ini meneliti Pelaksanaan Hukum Energi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Bidang Ekonomi dan Informasi di Pantai Baru. Masalah yang diteliti adalah bentuk pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid di Pantai Baru dan pelaksanaan hukum energi pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid untuk kesejahteraan rakyat di bidang ekonomi dan informasi di Pantai Baru. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid yang ada di pantai baru dilakukan secara kolaboratif, antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat. Kehadiran pembangkit listrik tenaga hibrid yang ada di pantai baru telah memberikan dampak positif di bidang ekonomi dan informasi.
PERJANJIAN BANGUN GUNA SERAH ANTARA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DAN PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Santoso Urip
Published: December 2016

Status of land that can be controlled by the local government is the right of use and the right of management. The right of management can be the object of Agreement on Build, Operate, and Transfer between the local government and the company. Then, the company gets the right of management through the Government Decision which is written up in to a form of Decree of Granting Rights. In the last term of the Agreement on Build, Operate, and Transfer, the land and the building with all support facilities submitted by company to the local government. Status tanah yang dapat dikuasai oleh pemerintah kabupaten/kota adalah hak pakai dan hak pengelolaan. Tanah yang berstatus hak pengelolaan pemerintah kabupaten/kota yang dapat menjadi objek Perjanjian Banguna Guna Serah dengan Perseroan Terbatas. Perseroan Terbatas mendapatkan hak guna bangunan atas tanah hak pengelolaan melalui Penetapan Pemerintah dalam bentuk Surat Keputusan Pemberian Hak. Pada akhir masa Perjanjian Banguna Guna Serah, tanah dan bangunan beserta sarana pendukungnya diserahkan oleh Perseroan Terbatas kepada pemerintah kabupaten/kota.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP TANGGUNG JAWAB PENGANGKUT TERHADAP PENUMPANG BUS UMUM
Authors: Nasution Krisnadi
Published: December 2016

The Fault liability principle can not provide the maximum protection for passengers, meanwhile the passenger accident insurance as a form of carrier liability containing the potential uncertainty of the insurance compensation. The absolute liability principle should be enforce which accompanied by a ceiling system related the passenger accident insurance, and similarly the strict liability principle should be enforce too to fulfil the rights of victims in obtaining compensation for all losses suffered. The government should immediately established an insurance company for the passenger accident and revise Law No. 22 of 2000. Prinsip tanggung jawab pengangkut yang berdasarkan kesalahan, tidak dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum yang maksimal bagi penumpang (korban kecelakaan). Sedangkan keberadaan program asuransi kecelakaan penumpang sebagai wujud tanggung jawab pengangkut mengandung potensi ketidakpastian pembayaran asuransinya. Seharusnya diterapkan absolute liability principleyang disertai dengan sistem plafondterkait dengan program asuransinya, dan strict liability principleuntuk memenuhi hak korban dalam memperoleh ganti kerugian atas seluruh kerugian yang dideritanya. Pemerintah seharusnya segera membentuk perusahaan asuransi untuk kecelakaan penumpang dan merevisi UU Nomor 22 Tahun 2009.
PERSPEKTIF PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Rifai Eddy
Published: December 2016

This study examines the perspectives of corporate criminal responsibility as perpetrators of corruption. The research method used normative juridical approach and empirical jurisdiction. The results showed that the regulation of corporate criminal responsibility in criminal corruption has been regulated in the legislation of corruption but are rarely applied in practice. The reluctance of the Public Prosecutor filed a corporate offender to court, because the punishment to be imposed on the corporation only in the form of criminal penalties that have less than the deterrent effect of the death penalty or imprisonment and hardships refutation against the corporation as part elements of the law rather than to prove the guilt of a person accused acquitted result. Penelitian mengkaji tentang perspektif pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi sebagai pelaku tindak pidana korupsi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan pidana tentang pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dalam tindak pidana korupsi telah diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan tindak pidana korupsi tetapi jarang diterapkan dalam praktik. Keengganan Jaksa Penuntut Umum mengajukan pelaku korporasi ke pengadilan, karena pemidanaan yang akan dikenakan kepada korporasi hanya berupa pidana denda yang kurang mempunyai efek penjera daripada pidana mati atau penjara dan kesulitan pembuktian “kesalahan” korporasi sebagai bagian unsur melawan hukum daripada membuktikan kesalahan orang perorang yang berakibat terdakwa dibebaskan.
THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) FREE TRADE WITHIN FAIR TRADE CHALLENGES
Authors: Kadir M. Ya’kub Aiyub
Published: December 2016

Free trade and fair trade are considered an ambiguous term with relative meanings of identification. Objectively, free and fair trade does not mean completely free and fair, but it means trade under binding rules obeyed by member countries as a consequence of their commitment after signing and ratification of the WTO agreements. Hence, this paper aims at exploring the issue and does an effort to harmonise between free trade and fair trade within the WTO system. Perdagangan bebas dan perdagangan yang adil adalah dua istilah yang ambigu maknanya. Secara obyektif, perdagangan bebas tidak bermakna bebas dan adil seluruhnya, tetapi bermakna sebuah perdagangan di bawah aturan-aturan mengikat setelah negara anggota menandatangani dan meratifikasi kesepakatan WTO. Tetapi dalam realitas kebanyakan Negara, terutama negara berkembang tidak mampu untuk membuka pasar dan menurunkan tarif secara keseluruhan. Persoalan tidak berimbangnya kekuatan, kurang demokrasi, krisis legitimasi dan dobel standar dalam WTO sistem merupakan sebuah tantangan yang masih berlanjut. Paper ini akan mengkaji persoalan ini dan berupaya mengharmonisasikan antara perdagangan bebas dan adil dalam sistem WTO.
THE POSITION OF INDIRECT EVIDENCE AS VERIFICATION TOOLS IN THE CARTEL CASE
Authors: Antoni Veri
Published: December 2016

Indirect (circumstantial) evidence, either economic evidence or communication evidence, has been used in cartel cases in many countries such as United States of America, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Malaysia, and others. According to Indonesia criminal procedure law, the position of indirect (circumstantial) evidence is categorized as an indication (clue evidence) whereas according to Indonesia civil procedure law, indirect (circumstantial) evidence is categorized as presumption. Considering the characteristics the antimonopoly law which aims to find material truth, the position of indirect evidence is more properly said to be an indication. Owing to its status as an indication, indirect evidence should be exhibited together with the other direct evidence. Indirect evidenceatau bukti tidak langsung, baik bukti ekonomi atau bukti komunikasi, telah digunakan dalam kasus-kasus kartel di banyak negara, seperti Amerika Serikat, Jepang, Australia, Brazil, Malaysia, dan lain-lain. Menurut hukum acara pidana Indonesia, posisi bukti tidak langsung dikategorikan sebagai indikasi (bukti petunjuk), padahal menurut hukum acara perdata Indonesia, bukti tidak langsung dikategorikan sebagai praduga. Mengingat karakteristik hukum anti-monopoli yang bertujuan untuk mencari kebenaran materiil, posisi bukti tidak langsung lebih tepat dikatakan indikasi. Karena statusnya sebagai indikasi, bukti tidak langsung harus dipamerkan bersama dengan bukti langsung lainnya.
THE THEORIZATION OF INSTITUTIONS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF LAWS
Authors: Kurnia Titon Slamet
Published: December 2016

This article argues for judicial review of the constitutionality of legislation or laws. This article opines that the judiciary is more favourable in discharging the function as the guardian of the constitution than other government bodies. According to Marbury v. Madison, the judiciary enjoys the jurisdiction of judicial review to declare the unconstitutionality of legislation or laws because “it is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is”. Artikel ini membahas tentang pengujian yudisial konstitusionalitas undang-undang. Dalam artikel ini penulis berpendapat bahwa badan yudisial merupakan kandidat utama sebagai penjaga konstitusi ketimbang badan-badan pemerintahan yang lain. Pendapat ini didasarkan pada kasus Marbury v. Madison yang meyakini bahwa menentukan makna hukum adalah ranah dan tugas badan yudisial, termasuk dalam melakukan pengujian yudisial untuk menyatakan suatu undang-undang inkonstitusional.
GREEN CAMPUS INITIATIVE: TRANSFORMING LAW IN BOOK INTO LAW IN ACTION
Authors: Shahrullah Rina Shahriyani , Fitrianingrum Agustina , Lestari R.A. Widyanti Diah
Published: December 2016

Global warming has become a serious threat to our earth today. To overcome the problems of global warming, various parties should get involved including campus community (students, staff and faculty members). The participation of tertiary education institutions in minimizing global warming is referred to as ‘green campus initiative’ (GCI). This participation is mandated by Law No.32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. This paper suggests the adoption of GCI and provides a GCI model for Indonesian higher education institutions. This paper also discusses the GCI activities which can be adopted either by small or big campuses in Indonesia. Pemanasan global telah menjadi ancaman serius bagi bumi kita dewasa ini. Untuk mengatasi masalah pemanasan global, berbagai pihak telah terlibat termasuk komunitas kampus (mahasiswa, karyawan dan dosen). Partisipasi perguruan tinggi dalam meminimalkan pemanasan global dinamakan ‘green campus initiative (GCI)’. Partisipasi ini diamanatkan oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Makalah ini menyarankan penerapan GCI dan memberikan Model GCI untuk perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Makalah ini juga membahas kegiatan-kegiatan GCI yang dapat digunakan baik oleh kampus kecil maupun besar di Indonesia
REFORM OF CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW AT THE APPELLATE-LEVEL COURTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Hamzah Mohammad Amir
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe frst court and the appellate-level court serve as the judex facti, but there are different regulations about procedural law in HIR, RBG, and Law No. 20 of 1947. It causes high fling of cassation appeals. As a result, the Supreme Court is impaired in fostering and developing the (civil) law due to it being hectic from examining cases. Through reform of civil procedure law of the appellate­level court (PT), the court will be placed in the appropriate position as the means of fltering proceedings, so that not all cases can be fled for a cassation appeal. It is also the time to revoke Law No. 20 of 1947.IntisariPada dasarnya Pengadilan Negeri dan Pengadilan Tinggi diposisikan sebagai judex facti. Namun demikian, terdapat beberapa pengaturan mengenai hukum acara perdata mulai dari HIR, RBG hingga UU No.20 Tahun 1947 yang mengatur hal tersebut secara berbeda. Akibatnya, pengajuan kasasi meningkat sehinggamengganggu fokus Mahkamah Agung melaksanakan fungsi pembinaan hukum. Seharunya pengadilan banding diposisikan sebagai penyaring sehingga tidak semua kasus dapat diajukan ke banding dan kasasi. Selain itu, melalui pembaharuan hukum ini juga UU Nomor 20 Tahun 1947.
KEBIJAKAN PERIZINAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rhiti H. , Pudyatmoko Y. Sri
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn DIY the environmental permit is recognized as an istrument for preventing the environmental problems. Local Government policies related to environmental permits are: the harmonization of economic interests with local wisdom and the environment; the interconnection between environmental permits and spatialplanning; the environmental permit as a requirement for the nuisance permit and building permit; the application of SPPL (statement letter to manage the environment) for small lactivities. According to local governments, the policies are appropriate to protect the environment.IntisariDi DIY perizinan lingkungan diakui sebagai instrumen untuk mencegah timbulnya masalah lingkungan hidup. Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah terkait perizinan lingkungan dilakukan dengan: harmonisasi kepentingan ekonomi, muatan lokal dan lingkungan; mengaitkan perizinan lingkungan dan RTRW; menjadikan Izin Lingkungan sebagai syarat bagi Izin Gangguan dan IMB; dan penerapan SPPL bagi kegiatan mikro dan kecil. Kebijakan-kebijakan tesebut dianggap oleh Pemerintah Daerah sebagai cukup tepat bagi pelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup di daerah.
PATENT ON NANOTECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA AND ITS LEGAL CHALLENGE
Authors: Santosa Wahyu Yun
Published: December 2016

Abstract“A basis for the next technological revolution”, could be the exact phrase to express the giant leap made with the development of nanotechnology, which is defned as a branch of engineering that deals with creating objects smaller than 100 nm in dimension. Challenges, in its own distinctive indeed, brought by nanotechnology to our social aspect, notably: (i) handling matter at the atomic scale means that qualitatively different behavior needs to be taken into account, and (ii) regarding to the use for humankind, introduces the problem of handling vast number of entities. This article aims to seek the answer the challenge lies before nanotechnology development in Indonesia: the Patent. To what extent national legal framework on patent could encounter this rapid development of nanotechnology. Further the article focusses on the legal framework needed to guarantee the patent for nanotechnology.Intisari“Teknologi berkembang secepat lompatan kuantum” mungkin bisa menjadi gambaran kondisi saat ini, ketika teknologi berkembang begitu cepat, sementara kerangka kebijakan tertatih di belakang. Belum selesai pembahasan bioteknologi, kita berjumpa dengan nanoteknologi sebagai “basis dari revolusi teknologi selanjutnya”. Nanoteknologi berkaitan dengan obyek yang berukuran lebih kecil dari 100 nanometer (10-6) dalam dimensinya. Tantangan hukumnya jelas menjadi sangat unik karena kekhasan karakter nanoteknologi, sementara itu tren perkembangannya di Indonesia juga cukup maju. Beberapa paten yang didaftarkan dan dimiliki oleh Mochtar Riadi Center for Nanotechnology sebagai contoh menunjukkan fakta hukum yang tidak dapat dikesampingkan begitu saja.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengemukakan satu isu terkait nanoteknologi di Indonesia, yaitu terkait paten. Pada jangkauan apa kerangka hukum nasional dapat beradaptasi dengan perkembangan yang pesat dari nanoteknologi ini. Selanjutnya artikel ini berfokus untuk memaparkan kerangka kebijakan untuk nanoteknologi di Indonesia.
IDENTIFIKASI FUSARIUM DAN NEMATODA PARASITIK YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN PENYAKIT KUNING LADA DI KALIMANTAN BARAT (FUSARIUM IDENTIFICATION AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODE ASSOCIATED WITH PEPPER YELLOWING DISEASE IN WEST KALIMANTAN)
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti , Hadisutrisno Bambang , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Widada Jaka
Published: December 2016

Pepper (Piper nigrum), known as the “King of Spices” is one of the most important spices. In the international market, Indonesian pepper has high selling value, due to its flavor characteristics. Pepper yellowing disease is one of the most important disease that caused the decrease of pepper production and become the main problem in the cultivation of pepper in West Kalimantan. This research was conducted to determine the major causal agent of leaf yellowing disease of pepper. The Fusarium associated with diseased plant were isolated from the symptomatic plant and nematodes were isolated from the root with leaf yellowing symptom. The Fusarium isolates were cultured on agar medium, and the nematode was cultured on tomato plant. From diseased pepper in West Kalimantan, it was isolated 4 Fusarium isolates and plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne. The result showed that H isolate of Fusarium was the most virulent isolate and identified asFusarium solani. The Meloidogyne was identified by the female perenial patern.The nematode was identified as Meloidogyne incognita.Keywords: Fusarium solani, Meloidogyne incognita, pepper yellowing diseaseLada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan salah satu jenis rempah penting yang telah dikenal sebagai “King of Spices”. Di pasar internasional, lada Indonesia mempunyai daya jual tinggi karena cita rasanya yang khas. Salah satu kendaladalam budidaya lada adalah adanya penyakit kuning lada dan sampai saat ini menjadi masalah utama pada pertanaman lada di Kalimantan Barat. Informasi tentang patogen utama yang berinteraksi dengan penyakit kuning lada masih sangat terbatas, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi patogen utama yang berasosiasi dengan penyakit kuning lada. Isolasi Fusarium dilakukan dari batang lada dan isolasi nematoda dilakukan dari akar lada yang bergejalapenyakit kuning di Kalimantan Barat. Fusarium hasil isolasi dikulturkan dalam medium agar, sedangkan nematoda hasil isolasi dikulturkan dalam akar tomat. Dari hasil isolasi berhasil didapatkan empat isolat Fusarium dan nematodaMeloidogyne. Identifikasi Fusarium dilakukan secara morfologis dan molekuler, dan identifikasi Meloidogyne dilakukan dengan menggunakan irisan bagian posterior nematoda betina. Dari hasil identifikasi diketahui bahwa patogenyang berasosiasi dengan penyakit kuning lada adalah Fusarium solani dan Meloidogyne incognita.Kata kunci: Fusarium solani, Meloidogyne incognita, penyakit kuning lada
Contemporary art and financialization: Two approaches
Authors: Ivanova Victoria
Published: December 2016

This essay identifies two approaches to theorizing the relationship between financialization and contemporary art. The first departs from an analysis of how market logics in non-financial spheres are being transformed to facilitate financial circulation; the other considers valuation practices in financial markets (and those related to derivative instruments in particular) from a socio-cultural perspective. According to the first approach, the contemporary art market is in theory a hostile environment for financialization, although new practices are emerging that are increasing its integration with the financial sphere. The second approach identifies socio-cultural similarities between the logics by which value is extracted, amplified, and distributed through derivative instruments and contemporary art. The two approaches present a discrepancy: on the one hand, contemporary art functions as an impediment to outright financialization because of market opacity; on the other, contemporary art represents a socio-cultural analog to derivative instruments. The essay concludes by setting out the terms for a more holistic understanding of contemporary art's relationship to financialization, which would enable an integration of its economic and socio-cultural dimensions.
Plotting the art market: An interview with Clare McAndrew
Authors: McAndrew Clare , Malik Suhail , Nestler Gerald
Published: December 2016

Clare McAndrew is a leading analyst of the global art market. Here the guest editors of this special issue interview McAndrew on the structures of the art market, its sectorial and regional arrangements, and transformations in its historical, technical, and monetary operation. Their discussion highlights the rapid increase in prices for art and the global extension of the art market since the early-to-mid 2000s, as well as further changes to its operation wrought by the rise of online trading in the early 2010s.
Pensamiento estratégico, el gran desafío para las Fuerzas Armadas de Colombia
Authors: Dussán Pulecio Carlos , Serna Gómez Humberto , Caliman Gina Paola
Published: December 2016

Aunque el ser humano parece permanecer en conflicto ese no es su estado natural, y su posición de ser racional le permite nacer en paz y ajustar el mundo para vivir en armonía con sus congéneres y con el medio ambiente que lo rodea. Llegó la hora de que Colombia empiece a pensar en el posconflicto e inicie su reaprendizaje para tener una visión diferente de lo que es el mundo y especialmente el país. Este artículo pretende resaltar el nuevo propósito de la Policía Nacional de los colombianos, la construcción y fortalecimiento de tejido social a través de la convivencia para lograr calidad humana productiva, asumiendo que para eso requiere un policía más comprometido, más humano, mejor formado, más integral con capacidad de liderazgo; dotado de un pensamiento estratégico moderno y adaptado a las necesidades del nuevo país. Este documento nace del análisis del objetivo principal de la investigación denominada Diseñar soportes didácticos que permitan llevar a la comunidad educativa la formación necesaria y suficiente que genere competencias en planeación estratégica, sumado a la situación actual de Colombia, y a los nuevos retos de la Policía Nacional, realizada en la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede El Espinal.
Uso de hongos hematófagos en el control biológico de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos
Authors: García Corredor Diego José , Pulido Medellín Martín Orlando , Díaz Anay Adriana María
Published: December 2016

El control de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos es realizado casi exclusivamente con productos de origen químico que, por lo general, ofrecen buenos resultados. Sin embargo, su inadecuado uso ha generado la presencia de resistencia en algunos grupos parasitarios. Consecuente con esto, y teniendo en cuenta que cada vez es mayor la preocupación encaminada hacia el consumo de alimentos inocuos que favorezcan la salud humana, se ha buscado desarrollar nuevos métodos de control de origen biológico que permitan manejar y controlar la presencia de parásitos gastrointestinales al interior de las explotaciones pecuarias mediante la utilización de enemigos naturales contra estos agentes patógenos en el medio ambiente. Dentro de los métodos biológicos más utilizados para el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos se encuentran los hongos nematófagos, los cuales tienen propiedades como la reducción del número de larvas de nematodos en materia fecal y la facilidad de atravesar el tracto gastrointestinal preservando su capacidad germinativa, lo que facilita la posibilidad de desarrollar variadas formas de administración. En la presente revisión se tratarán las especies de hongos nematófagos más utilizadas, así como las distintas formas de administración ensayadas en la actualidad.
Enseñanza aprendizaje de la educación en derechos humanos, en las instituciones educativas oficiales de Tunja – Boyacá
Authors: Blanco Ortega Edison Ricardo
Published: December 2016

Este artículo presenta el marco jurídico para la educación en Colombia por el cual se definen los alcances, se delimitan y se rigen las instituciones educativas de básica, media, secundaria y universitaria. Luego hace énfasis en la educación para los derechos humanos, donde se presentan las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, políticas estatales para la educación y la práctica de los derechos humanos. A continuación se presenta la metodología que describe cómo se realizó la investigación, quiénes participaron, cómo, por qué y para qué. Seguidamente presenta los resultados y el análisis de la información obtenida durante el estudio y finaliza con las conclusiones y las posibles formas de mejorar el proceso de la educación-enseñanza en derechos humanos.
Informal Taxonomies of Inmates from Juvenile Detention Centers and Juveniles’ Shelters Created by Personnel in the Context of Resocialization Actions
Authors: Chomczyński Piotr
Published: December 2016

The main aim of this paper is to draw attention to the phenomenon of creating informal taxonomies by the personnel of correctional institutions (ZP) and shelters for juveniles (SdN) towards charges in relation to social rehabilitation work. It discusses both the mechanisms of creating such classifications as well as the consequences associated with them. The article defends the thesis that this type of stigmatization is on the one hand a natural phenomenon, because it is based on the mechanism of analogy, to a large extent unconscious, typical for educational institutions, but on the other hand dependent in its form on the adopted style of institution management. It also discusses the problem of multiple consequences of taxonomies. The results presented in this paper are based on seven years qualitative research carried out in social rehabilitation centers of all types throughout Poland. The research applied the principle of triangulation in the scope of methods, the researcher and data. To analyze empirical data an interpretative paradigm was used, which enables to see the interactive nature of the formation of negative emotions and emotional work.
Demoralization and Juvenile Delinquency – the Dynamics and Dimensions
Authors: Noszczyk-Bernasiewicz Monika
Published: December 2016

This paper provides data concerning the dimensions, dynamics and structure of demoralization as well as criminal acts committed by minors over the period 2000–2014 in Poland. The presented results of analyses are the Author’s own elaboration of the data from the Statistics Department of the Ministry of Justice in Warsaw. The statistical data presented herein show the decreasing number of juvenile delinquents from 25,667 to 16,388 juveniles (i.e. by 36.1%) and an increase in demoralization issues from 8,878 to 15,524, i.e. by 74.9% in the years 2000–2014. It can be said that the number of offenses committed in society by juveniles tends to be going down, but this decrease is inadequately low when compared to the reducing number of individuals in this age group. Over the period 2000–2014 the total number of 13–17-year old teenagers decreased by as much as 40%.
Differentiable Attitudes Towards Specific Crimes and Contexts: A Quantification of Neutralization Techniques
Authors: Zuber Małgorzata J. , Greenberg Edward W. , Williams Linda M.
Published: December 2016

The neutralization theory of Sykes and Matza (1957) posits that delinquent individuals attempt to continually reintegrate with society by mentally asserting that their deviant behavior is actually normative, via an excuse. Sykes and Matza gave five excuses, or techniques of neutralization: denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties. Sykes and Matza were primarily concerned with the general concept of neutralization, rather than trying to understand the specific utilities of the different technique categories they labeled. The goal of this work is to determine which techniques may be most common, and under what circumstances (what crimes or deviant behaviors) neutralizations may be most effective. Using a factorial vignette survey design with a multinational sample of college students from Poland and the United States, we find neutralization utility varies by technique and circumstance, and the denial of responsibility technique is especially potent.
LEARNING MEDIA DEVELOPMENT APPROACH WITH A RECTANGLE PROBLEM POSING BASED GEOGEBRA
Authors: Saputro Bagus Ardi
Published: December 2016

This study aims to develop learning media quadrilateral with problem posing approach based GeoGebra. 8 teachers from three different schools have stated that this media can be used to teach the nature - the nature of the quadrilateral. After the learning is done using this media, this media can facilitate students in asking about the nature - the nature of wake quadrilateral, facilitating students to learn the relationship between the type - the type of wake rectangles that have the same properties, and provides the opportunity for teachers in the evaluation of mathematical communication current students ask and write.
SEMIOTIKA MORRIS DAN TRADISI PENAFSIRAN ALQUR�AN: SEBUAH TAWARAN TAFSIR KONTEKSTUAL
Authors: Romdhoni Ali
Published: December 2016

This paper offers an interpretation approach which involves historical data as its important dimension, socio-cultural contexts, and psychological effect on the audience. It is an important thing, since the Quranic interpretation studies in the contemporary era demands an interpretation model which involves historical data, socio-cultural context and psychological effect on the society. Since, the holy Quran given to Prophet Muhammad SAW was revealed in order to respond certain social condition, so each verse given to the prophet was clearly interrelated actively to the space and time. Hereby, each verse of the holy Quran has its own historical context, meaning, and effect.
First-principles generated mechanical property database for multi-component Al alloys: Focusing on Al-rich corner
Authors: Wang J. , Du Y. , Tao X. , Ouyang Y. , Zhang L. , Chen Q. , Engström A.
Published: December 2016

Systematic first-principles calculations of the single crystal elastic
stiffness constants (cij?s) and the polycrystalline aggregates including bulk
modulus (B), shear modulus (G), Young?s modulus (E) have been performed for
series binary and ternary Al compounds at 0 K. In addition, the
temperature-dependent elastic properties for some technologically important
phases are calculated. The cij?s are calculated by means of an efficient
strain-stress method. Phonon density of states or Debye model is employed to
calculate the linear thermal expansion, which is then used to calculate the
temperature dependence of elastic properties. The calculated
temperature-dependent elastic properties are compiled in the format of
CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) type formula. The presently computed
elastic properties for Al compounds are needed for simulation of
microstructure evolution of commercial Al alloys during series of processing
route.
Association of Circulating Biomarkers (Adrenomedullin, TNFR1, and NT-proBNP) With Renal Function Decline in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A French Prospective Cohort
Authors: Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Gand Elise , Velho Gilberto , Mohammedi Kamel , Zaoui Philippe , Fraty Mathilde , Halimi Jean Michel , Roussel Ronan , Ragot Stéphanie , Hadjadj Samy
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

We explored the prognostic value of three circulating candidate biomarkers—midregional-proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1), and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)—for change in renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Outcomes were defined as renal function loss (RFL), ≥40% decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline, and rapid renal function decline (RRFD), absolute annual eGFR slope <–5 mL/min/year. We used a proportional hazard model for RFL and a logistic model for RRFD. Adjustments were performed for established risk factors (age, sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c, blood pressure, baseline eGFR, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [uACR]). C-statistics were used to assess the incremental predictive value of the biomarkers to these risk factors.

RESULTS

Among 1,135 participants (mean eGFR 76 mL/min, median uACR 2.6 mg/mmol, and median GFR slope −1.6 mL/min/year), RFL occurred in 397, RRFD developed in 233, and 292 died during follow-up. Each biomarker predicted RFL and RRFD. When combined, MR-proADM, sTNFR1, and NT-proBNP predicted RFL independently from the established risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio 1.59 [95% CI 1.34–1.89], P < 0.0001; 1.33 [1.14–1.55], P = 0.0003; and 1.22 [1.07–1.40], P = 0.004, respectively) and RRFD (adjusted odds ratio 1.56 [95% CI 1.7–2.09], P = 0.003; 1.72 [1.33–2.22], P < 0.0001; and 1.28 [1.03–1.59], P = 0.02, respectively). The combination of the three biomarkers yielded the highest discrimination (difference in C-statistic = 0.054, P < 0.0001; 0.067, P < 0.0001 for RFL; and 0.027, P < 0.0001 for RRFD).

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to established risk factors, MR-proADM, sTNFR1, and NT-proBNP improve risk prediction of loss of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Degree of Conversion and Polymerization Shrinkage of Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites
Authors: Yu P , Yap AUJ , Wang XY
Published: December 2016

This study evaluated the degree of conversion (DC) and polymerization shrinkage (PS) of contemporary bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) including giomer materials. Two giomer bulk-fill (Beautifil Bulk Restorative [BBR], Beautifil Bulk Flowable [BBF]), two nongiomer bulk-fill (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill [TNB], Smart Dentin Replacement [SDR]), and three conventional non–bulk-fill (Beautifil II [BT], Beautifil Flow Plus [BF], Tetric N-Ceram [TN]) RBCs were selected for the study. To evaluate the DC, disc-shaped specimens of 5-mm diameter and 2-mm, 4-mm, and 6-mm thickness were fabricated using customized Teflon molds. The molds were bulk filled with the various RBCs and cured for 20 seconds using a light-emitting diode curing light with an irradiance of 950 mW/cm2. The DC (n=3) was determined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by computing the spectra of cured and uncured specimens. PS (n=3) was measured with the Acuvol volumetric shrinkage analyzer by calculating specimen volumes before and after light curing. The mean DC for the various materials ranged from 46.03% to 69.86%, 45.94% to 69.38%, and 30.65% to 67.85% for 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. For all depths, SDR had the highest DC. While no significant difference in DC was observed between depths of 2 mm and 4 mm for the bulk-fill RBCs, DC at 2 mm was significantly greater than 6 mm. For the conventional RBCs, DC at 2 mm was significantly higher than at 4 mm and 6 mm. Mean PS ranged from 1.48% to 4.26% for BBR and BF, respectively. The DC at 2 mm and PS of bulk-fill RBCs were lower than their conventional counterparts. At 4 mm, the DC of giomer bulk-fill RBCs was lower than that of nongiomer bulk-fill materials.
Features of stimulus-specific seizures in dogs with reflex epilepsy: 43 cases (2000–2014)
Authors: Shell Linda , Scariano Rachel , Rishniw Mark
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE To describe the occurrence and management of reflex epilepsy (ie, seizure activity triggered by exposure to specific locations or situations) in dogs.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 43 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES Discussions by veterinarians participating in the Veterinary Information Network online community for the years 2000 through 2014 were reviewed to identify dogs with a diagnosis of reflex epilepsy and seizure activity in response to stimuli. History, signalment (including age at onset), the specific stimulus or stimuli that provoked seizures, treatments, and any concurrent neurologic diagnoses were recorded.

RESULTS A variety of breeds were affected. Median age at onset was 5 years (range, 3 months to 11 years). Reflex seizures were reported as being repeatedly triggered by visits to a veterinary clinic (35/43 dogs), grooming facility (24/43 dogs), or boarding facility (13/43 dogs) and, less commonly, by other situations (eg, pet store or car ride). Over half of the dogs (24/43) had multiple triggers. Eight (19%) dogs had seizures at other times that were not induced by location or a specific situation. A variety of sedatives and maintenance antiepileptic drugs administered to affected dogs failed to prevent the stimulus-specific seizure activity.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results of the present study suggested that seizures provoked by specific situations or locations occur in dogs with reflex epilepsy and that common triggers were visits to veterinary and grooming facilities. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the characteristics of reflex epilepsy in dogs and to determine the most effective means to manage these patients.