bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Makna Budaya Pada Bikago yang Mengandung Prefiks O- dan Go- Dalam Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Fithriyana Dhiya , Hamidah Idah , Hartati Hartati
Published: August 2020

This study examines the cultural significance of bikago that contains the prefix o- and go- in Japanese (anthropological linguistic studies). The purpose of this study is to describe the cultural significance that lies behind the use of the prefix o- and go- on bikago in Japanese (Anthropological Linguistic Study).Theories used in this research are culture, anthropological linguistics, morphology, cultural meaning, whorf sapor hypothesis, nouns and o- and go- prefix theories. The type of method used is a qualitative description with a method of collecting data collected from various books, namely the book Minna no Nihonggo Shokyuu I & II, Minna no Nihonggo Yasashi Sakubun and Basic Kanji Vol II and observations validated by native speakers. The results of this study are vocabularies beginning with o- and go- thirty-two vocabularies all included in the futsuumeishi category 'noun that states a matter or object'. Futsuumeishi ‘noun stating a case or object’ consists of settogo ya setsubigo no tsuita mono (nouns added to the prefixes o- and go-). Data were analyzed based on the meaning of the dictionary and validated by native (Japanese) with informal interview techniques. The conclusion from the results of this study is that every noun or word containing the prefix o- and go- has a cultural meaning with a group and family concept.
HUBUNGAN PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE (ANC) TERPADU DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN DARI IBU KE ANAK (PPIA) DI PUSKESMAS SLEMAN TAHUN 2018
Authors: Rizqi Ana Amalia , Ayu Suci Musvita
Published: August 2020

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Kabupaten Sleman pada tahun 2017 sebesar 42,78 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, AKI menurun dibanding tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 56,59 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Sedangkan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) sebesar 4,20 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup, AKB meningkat dibandingkan tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 3,11 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Upaya untuk menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi salah satunya melalui program pelayanan antenatal care terpadu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pelayanan Antenatal Care (ANC) terpadu dengan pemeriksaan Pencegahan Penularan dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Sleman Tahun 2018.

Metode Penelitian: Rancangan penelitian ini analitik observational dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Subyek penelitian adalah ibu hamil yang ada di wilayah Puskesmas Sleman. Sampel penelitian 104 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Alat penelitian ini kuesioner. Analisis data adalah univariate dan bivariate.

Hasil Penelitian: Menunjukkan nilai signifikan 0,001 (p<0,05), maka dapat diketahui terdapat hubungan antara pelayanan Antenatal Care (ANC) terpadu dengan pemeriksaan Pencegahan Penularan dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Sleman 2018, nilai Prevalensi Risk 25,714 (>1) dan nilai CI antara 3,094 dengan 213,742 sehingga tidak melewati angka satu, artinya varibel tersebut merupakan faktor risiko.

Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara pelayanan Antenatal Care (ANC terpadu dengan pemeriksaan Pencegahan Penularan dari Ibu ke Anak (PPIA) pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Sleman.
Analysis of Musculoskeletal Complaints Road Sweepers Balikpapan City
Authors: Zainul L.M. Zainul , Maslina Maslina , Rusba Komeyni , Marlina Marlina
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAK

Berbagai macam faktor bahaya maupun risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi keselamatan maupun kesehatan pekerja penyapu jalan, diantaranya adalah keluhan musculoskeletal dalam melakukan pekerjaaan menyapu jalan. Penelitian untuk mengetahui kelelahan musculoskeletal penyapu jalan. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan rancangan crossectional. Keluhan yang dominan dirasakan pekerja adalah sakit pada kaki kiri dan sakit pada kaki kanan 10,24%, selanjutnya yaitu keluhan sakit pada pinggang sebanyak 8,27%, sakit punggung, sakit pada lutut kiri dan sakit pada lutut kanan sebanyak 5,12%, sakit pada lengan atas kiri dan sakit pada lengan atas kanan sebesar 4,72%, sakit pada betis kiri dan sakit pada betis kanan sebesar 4,33%, sakit/kaku di leher bagian atas, sakit pada bahu kanan dan sakit pada lengan bawah kiri sebanyak 3,94%, sakit pada bahu kiri dan sakit pada tangan kanan  sebanyak 3,54%, sakit/kaku di leher bagian bawah dan sakit pada paha kiri sebanyak 3,15%, sakit pada lengan bawah kanan sebanyak 2,76%, sakit pada tangan kiri dan sakit pada paha kanan sebanyak 1,97%, sakit pada bokong sebanyak 1,57%, sakit pada pergelangan tangan kiri sebanyak 1,18%, sakit pantat dan sakit pada pergelangan tangan kanan sebanyak 0,79%, dan sakit siku kiri, sakit siku kanan, sakit pada pergelangan kaki kiri serta sakit pada pergelangan kaki kanan sebanyak 0,39%.
INVESTIGATION OF METALS RELEASED FROM IMPORTED COOKWARE COLLECTED FROM A LOCAL MARKET IN RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Mohammed Alrajhi Ibrahim , Idriss Hajo
Published: August 2020

Monitoring the presence of heavy metals in cookware intended for use by both humans and animals is of interest, because of their toxic effects. In this report, a study has been conducted to determine the heavy metals released from 46 items of metallic cookware purchased from a local market in Riyadh. Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, As, Zn, Ni, Al, Cd and Pb, were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. The order of concentration of essential and toxic elements in all samples showed the following trend: Mn > Al > Pb = As > Fe > Zn > Cu = Ni = Cd > Cr. This study highlighted the importance of the metal release monitoring from cooking utensils in order to protect people from the dangers posed by toxic metals.
The Meta-Dynamic Nature of Consciousness
Authors: Barnden John
Published: August 2020

How, if at all, consciousness can be part of the physical universe remains a baffling problem. This article outlines a new, developing philosophical theory of how it could do so, and offers a preliminary mathematical formulation of a physical grounding for key aspects of the theory. Because the philosophical side has radical elements, so does the physical-theory side. The philosophical side is radical, first, in proposing that the productivity or dynamism in the universe that many believe to be responsible for its systematic regularities is actually itself a physical constituent of the universe, along with more familiar entities. Indeed, it proposes that instances of dynamism can themselves take part in physical interactions with other entities, this interaction then being “meta-dynamism” (a type of meta-causation). Secondly, the theory is radical, and unique, in arguing that consciousness is necessarily partly constituted of meta-dynamic auto-sensitivity, in other words it must react via meta-dynamism to its own dynamism, and also in conjecturing that some specific form of this sensitivity is sufficient for and indeed constitutive of consciousness. The article proposes a way for physical laws to be modified to accommodate meta-dynamism, via the radical step of including elements that explicitly refer to dynamism itself. Additionally, laws become, explicitly, temporally non-local in referring directly to quantity values holding at times prior to a given instant of application of the law. The approach therefore implicitly brings in considerations about what information determines states. Because of the temporal non-locality, and also because of the deep connections between dynamism and time-flow, the approach also implicitly connects to the topic of entropy insofar as this is related to time.
Compound Words-A Cognitive Linguistic Study
Authors: Kilambi Padmaja
Published: August 2020

This study attempts to classify compound words on the basis of Cognitive Linguistics and compares their usage trends using Computational Linguistics. Using Noam Chomsky’s concept of deep and surface structures of a sentence, Lees treated compound words, not as separate units but as a kind of embedded sentences and hinted for possible presence of deep and surface structures in compound words, which this study tries to investigate. Then on the basis of the Idealized Cognitive Model proposed by Lakoff and Fauconnier, compound words have been classified into transparent, opaque and counterintuitive compound words. Using Google Books Corpus, this study also compares their usage trends. This is done using usage frequency, defined in this work, which is analogous to productivity for affixed words calculated by G.E.Booij. Each class of compound word formed on the basis of ICM is found to have different usage frequency. The possible reasons for this are discussed.
A Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience for High-Throughput Reverse Genetic Studies in Arabidopsis Thaliana with CRISPR-Cas9
Authors: Mills Alison , Jagannatha Venkateswari , Cortez Alejandro , Guzman Michael , Burnette James , Collin Matthew , Lopez-Lopez Berenise , Wessler Susan , Van Norman Jaimie , Nelson David , Rasmussen Carolyn
Published: August 2020

Gene editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 have created unprecedented opportunities for genetic studies in plants and animals. We designed a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) to train introductory biology students in the concepts and implementation of gene editing technology as well as develop their soft skills in data management and scientific communication. We present two versions of the course that can be implemented with twice-weekly meetings over a five-week period. In the remote-learning version, students perform homology searches, design guide RNAs and primers, and learn the principles of molecular cloning. This version is appropriate when access to laboratory equipment or in-person instruction is limited, such as closures that have occurred in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the in-person version, students design guide RNAs, clone CRISPR-Cas9 constructs, and perform genetic transformation of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The highly parallel nature of the CURE makes it possible to target dozens to hundreds of genes, depending on the number of course sections available. Applying this approach in a sensitized mutant background enables focused reverse genetic screens for genetic suppressors or enhancers. The course can be readily adapted to other organisms or projects that employ gene editing.
Leptospermum scoparium (Mānuka) and Cryptomeria japonica (Sugi) Leaf Essential Oil Seasonal Chemical Variation and Their Effect on Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Bang Kyung Whan , Lewis Gillian , Villas-Boas Silas G.
Published: August 2020

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Leptospermum scoparium (Mānuka) and Cryptomeria japonica (Sugi) essential oils and assessed the effect of seasonal chemical variation on the oils’ antimicrobial efficacies. Plate based assays were conducted to elucidate the oils’ spectrum of in vitro antimicrobial activity and to determine the oils’ minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as a measure of antimicrobial efficacy. Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry was adopted to chemically profile oils distilled in different seasons. The resultant compositional information in conjunction with MIC data was used to evaluate the effect of seasonal variation on the oils’ antimicrobial efficacy. Both Mānuka and Sugi essential oils were active against all classes of target microorganisms. However, limited activity was observed against Gram-negative bacteria. The oils displayed consistent chemotypic characteristics regardless of the time of distillation. Nonetheless, there were quantitative differences in compound abundance in both essential oils. Significant differences in the MIC of Sugi essential oil was observed against target microorganisms as a result of seasonal variation in constituent abundances while Mānuka essential oil’s antimicrobial efficacy was unaffected. This study demonstrates that seasonal chemical variation is an important quality assurance parameter to consider for future application of essential oils as antimicrobial agents in consumer products.
Accelerometry Assessed Physical Activity of Older Adults Hospitalized with Acute Medical Illness - an Observational Study
Authors: Tasheva Plamena , Kraege Vanessa , Vollenweider Peter , Roulet Guillaume , Méan Marie , Marques-Vidal Pedro
Published: August 2020

Background: In a hospital setting and among older patients, inactivity and bedrest are associated with a wide range of negative outcomes such as functional decline, increased risk of falls, longer hospitalization and institutionalization. Our aim was to assess the distribution, determinants and predictors of physical activity (PA) levels using wrist-worn accelerometers in older patients hospitalized with acute medical illness.Methods: Observational study conducted from February to November 2018 at an acute internal medicine unit in the University hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland. We enrolled 177 patients aged ≥65 years, able to walk prior to admission. PA during acute hospital stay was continuously recorded via a 3D wrist accelerometer. Clinical data was collected from medical records or by interview. Autonomy level prior to inclusion was assessed using Barthel Index score. PA levels were defined as <30 mg for inactivity, 30-99 mg for light and ≥100 for moderate PA. Physically active patients were defined as 1) being in the highest quartile of time spent in light and moderate PA or 2) spending ≥20 minutes/day in moderate PA.Results: Median [interquartile range - IQR] age was 83 [74-87] years and 60% of participants were male. The median [IQR] time spent inactive and in light PA was 613 [518-663] and 63 [30-97] minutes/day, respectively. PA peaked between 8 and 10 am, at 12 am and at 6 pm. Less than 10% of patients were considered physically active according to definition 2. For both definitions, active patients had a lower prevalence of walking aids and a lower dependency level according to Barthel Index score. For definition 1, use of medical equipment was associated with a 70% reduction in the likelihood of being active: odds ratio (OR) 0.30 [0.10-0.92] p=0.034; for definition 2, use of walking aids was associated with a 75% reduction in the likelihood of being active: OR=0.24 [0.06-0.89], p=0.032.Conclusion: Older hospitalized patients are physically active only 10% of daily time and concentrate their PA around eating periods. Whether a Barthel Index below 95 prior to admission may be used to identify patients at risk of inactivity during hospital stay remains to be proven.
Changes in Practitioners’ Attitudes, Perceived Training Needs and Self-Efficacy over the Implementation Process of an Evidence-Based Parenting Program
Authors: Côté Marie-Kim , Gagné Marie-Hélène
Published: August 2020

Background: Evidence-based family support programs such as the Triple P – Positive Parenting Program have the potential to enhance the well-being of children and families. However, they cannot achieve their expected outcomes if insufficient attention is paid to the implementation process. It has been demonstrated that practitioners’ attitudes towards evidence-based programs (EBPs), perceived training needs and self-efficacy for working with parents influence implementation outcomes (e.g., program acceptability, adoption, adherence and sustainability). At the same time, the experience of being involved in the implementation process of an EBP could enhance practitioners’ perceptions of the initiative. This study aimed to assess changes in practitioner’s attitudes, perceived training needs and self-efficacy over a two-year EBP implementation process, in interaction with their appraisal of their organization’s capacity to implement the EPB Methods: In the province of Quebec, Canada, Triple P was implemented and evaluated in two communities. Ninety-nine practitioners from various organizations completed questionnaires shortly before their training in Triple P and two years later. Results: Findings show that practitioners who displayed more initial skepticism regarding their organization’s capacity to implement the program reported greater improvements in attitudes over time, while practitioners who showed more optimism at baseline reported a greater decrease in their perceived training needs. Practitioners’ self-efficacy increased moderately regardless of perceived organizational capacity. Conclusions: These results are encouraging given that more positive perceptions of EBPs could foster the systematic use of these programs in communities, for the potential benefit of a greater number of families.
Evaluation of lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for diagnostic accuracy of cryptococcosis
Authors: Xie Li-Min , Lin Geng-ling , Dong Hao-Neng , Liao Ying-Xia , Liu Ye-Ling , Qin Jian-Feng , Guo Xu-Guang
Published: August 2020

Background: Cryptococcus is a conditional pathogenic fungus causing cryptococcosis, which is one of the most serious fungal diseases faced by humans. Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFA) is successfully applied to the rapid detection of cryptococcal antigens. Methods: Studies were retrieved systematically from the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library before July 2019. The quality of the studies was assessed by Review Manager 5.0 based on the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Study guidelines. The extracted data from the included studies were analyzed by Meta-DiSc 1.4. Stata 12.0 software was used to detect the publication bias.Results: A total of 15 articles with 31 fourfold tables were adopted by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The merged sensitivity and specificity in serum were 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, and those in the cerebrospinal fluid were 0.99 and 0.99, respectively.Conclusions: Compared to the urine and other samples, LFA in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is favorable evidence for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis with high specificity and sensitivity.
Adolescents’ experiences of fluctuating pain in musculoskeletal disorders: A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Khanom Sonia , McDonagh Janet E , Briggs Michelle , Bakir Ebru , McBeth John
Published: August 2020

Background Adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain experience daily fluctuations in pain. Although not all fluctuations are bothersome, pain flares are a distinct type of symptom fluctuation with greater impact. Since literature on the experience of pain flares is non-existent, the aim of this review was to (i) synthesise the qualitative literature on adolescents’ experiences of fluctuating pain in musculoskeletal disorders in order to (ii) identify knowledge gaps to inform future research on pain flares. Methods Electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO), grey literature and reference lists were searched from inception to June 2018 for qualitative studies reporting adolescents’ experiences of pain. Comprehensiveness of reporting was assessed using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Health Research. Studies were analysed using thematic synthesis.Results Of the 3787 records identified, 32 studies (n= 536) were included. Principal findings were synthesised under three key themes: 1) symptom experience, 2) disruption and loss, and 3) regaining control. The first theme (symptom experience) describes adolescent’s perception and interpretation of pain fluctuations. The second theme (disruption and loss) describes the physical, social and emotional constraints faced as a result of changes in pain. The third theme (regaining control) describes coping strategies used to resist and accommodate unpredictable phases of pain. Each theme was experienced differently depending on adolescents’ characteristics such as their developmental status, pain condition, and the duration of the pain experience.Conclusions Adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain live with a daily background level of symptoms which frequently fluctuate and are associated with functional and emotional difficulties. It was not clear whether these symptoms and challenges were experienced as part of ‘typical’ fluctuations in pain, or whether they reflect symptom exacerbations classified as ‘flares’. Further research is needed to explore the frequency and characteristics of pain flares, and how they differ from their typical fluctuations in pain. The review also highlights areas relating to the pain experience, symptom management and health service provision that require further exploration to support more personalised, tailored care for adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
Multilevel model on longitudinal data analysis in determinants of CD4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendant of HIV infected adults follow up in Gondar Teaching Referral Hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia.
Authors: Kebede Kindu
Published: August 2020

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus attacked an immune cell and the CD4 cell which is responsible for the body’s immune to infectious agents. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is one of the major public health problems in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. The main objective of this study to identify the determinants of CD4 cell count among antiretroviral therapy attendants of infected adults follow up in Gonder teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia implemented by SAS version 94. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 216 regular follow up patients whose age greater than 14 years from December 1, 2012, to December 30, 2017. A multilevel model was used to identify the factors of CD4 cell count of patients and it considered variability between and within patients. Results: The mean with a standard deviation of weight, and a hemoglobin level of patients were 55.48(10.21), and 18.25(33.028) respectively. This study concluded that the variation for CD4 cell count existed between patients was 63 % and the remaining 37 % of variation existing within patients. In this study, the random coeﬃcient time-varying covariate model was well fitted which shows weight and hemoglobin level were statistically significant predictors at a 5% level of significance for the log of CD4 cell count of patients. Conclusion: This study shows the hemoglobin level and weight of patients were statistically significant for the log of CD4 cell count of patients follow up in Gonder teaching referral hospital, Gonder, Ethiopia. Moreover, the result of the study shows that the log of CD4 count of patients increased when hemoglobin level and weight of patients increased. Hence, intervention should be given the ways to increase weight and hemoglobin levels of patients during follow up antiretroviral therapy.
Comparative gene expression profiling of mouse ovaries upon stimulation with natural equine chorionic gonadotropin (N-eCG) and tethered recombinant-eCG (R-eCG)
Authors: Min kwan-sik , Park Jong-Ju , Lee So-Yun , Byambaragchaa Munkhzaya , Kang Myung-Hwa
Published: August 2020

Background: Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) induces super-ovulation in laboratory animals. Notwithstanding its extensive usage, limited information is available regarding the differences between the in vivo effects of natural eCG (N-eCG) and recombinant eCG (R-eCG). This study aimed to investigate the gene expression profiles of mouse ovaries upon stimulation with N-eCG and R-eCG. R-eCG gene was cloned and transfected into CHO-suspension (CHO-S) cells and quantified. Thereafter, we determined the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of N-eCG and R-eCG up to 24 h after intravenous administration through the tail vein and identified differentially expressed genes in both ovarian tissues, via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: R-eCG was markedly expressed initially after transfection and maintained until recovery on day 9. Oligosaccharide glycans were eliminated approximately 10 kDa through PNGase F treatment in R-eCG protein. The MCR was slightly lower for R-eCG than for N-eCG, and no significant difference was observed after 60 min. Notwithstanding their low concentration, R-eCG and N-eCG were detected in the blood at 24h post-injection. Microarray analysis of ovarian tissue revealed that 20 of 12,816 genes assessed therein were significantly up-regulated and 43 genes were down-regulated by >2-fold in the group receiving R-eCG (63 [0.49%] differentially regulated genes in total). The microarray results were concurrent with and hence validated by those of RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and IHC analyses. Conclusions: The present results indicate that R-eCG can be adequately produced through a cell-based expression system through post-translational modification of eCG and can induce ovulation in vivo . These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the up- or down-regulation of specific ovarian genes and the production of R-eCG with enhanced biological activity in vivo.
External Validation of the Detection of Indicators and Vulnerabilities for Emergency Room Trips (DIVERT) Scale: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mowbray Fabrice Immanuel , Jones Aaron , Schumacher Connie , Hirdes John , Costa Andrew Paul
Published: August 2020

Background: The Detection of Indicators and Vulnerabilities of Emergency Room Trips (DIVERT) scale was developed to classify and estimate the risk of emergency department (ED) use in home care clients. The objective of this study was to externally validate the DIVERT scale in a secondary population of home care clients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, linking data from the Home Care Reporting System and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. Data were collected on older long-stay home care clients who received a RAI Home Care (RAI-HC) assessment. Data were collected for home care clients in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Alberta, as well as in the cities of Winnipeg, Manitoba and Whitehorse, Yukon Territories, between April 1, 2011 and September 30, 2014. The DIVERT Scale was originally derived from the items of the RAI-HC through the use of recursive partitioning informed by a multinational clinical panel. This scale is currently implemented alongside the RAI-HC in provinces across Canada. The primary outcome of this study was an ED visit within six months of a RAI-HC assessment.

Results: The cohort contained 1,001,133 home care clients. The vast majority of cases received services in Ontario (88%), followed by Alberta (8%), Winnipeg (4%), and Whitehorse (<1%). Across the four cohorts, the DIVERT scale demonstrated similar discriminative ability to the original validation work for all outcomes during the six-month follow-up: ED visitation (AUC =0.617-0.647), two or more ED visits (AUC = 0.628-0.634), and hospital admission (AUC = 0.617-0.664).
Conclusions: The findings of this study support the external validity of the DIVERT scale. More specifically, the predictive accuracy of the DIVERT scale from the original work was similar to the accuracy demonstrated within a new cohort, created from different geographical regions and time periods.

Key Words : Home Care, Emergency Department, Geriatrics, DIVERT
Effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on oral malodor and the oral environment: a single-center observational study
Authors: Suzuki Nao , Beppu Richiko , Yoneda Masahiro , Takeshita Toru , Asakawa Mikari , Yamashita Yoshihisa , Hanioka Takashi , Hirofuji Takao , Shinohara Tetsuo
Published: August 2020

Objective : Although a relationship between Helicobacter pylori and oral malodor has been suggested, it remains to be confirmed. One reason for this is that many studies assess oral malodor subjectively. Another reason for the uncertainty is that the reduction in oral malodor may be due to the effect of antibiotics on the oral microbiota. In this study, changes in oral malodor and the eradication treatment of H. pylori were investigated by organoleptic test and gas chromatography. In addition, the salivary bacterial composition and clinical parameters were analyzed. Results : The organoleptic test score, hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide concentrations, and all clinical parameters except for tongue-coating score were significantly decreased at 1 week compared with baseline. Although antibiotic treatment also altered the overall composition of the salivary bacterial population, it had recovered at 7 weeks. On the date that H. pylori was determined to have been eradicated from all of the subjects (7 weeks after treatment), only the organoleptic test score was significantly lower compared with baseline. The hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide concentrations were non-significantly lower than those at baseline.
Clinicopathological findings of Pediatric NTRK fusion mesenchymal tumors
Authors: Kang Jeongwan , Park Jin Woo , Won Jae-Kyung , Bae Jeong Mo , Koh Jaemoon , Yim Jeemin , Yun Hongseok , Kim Seung-Ki , Choi Jung Yoon , Kang Hyoung Jin , Kim Woo Sun , Shin Joo Heon , Park Sung-Hye
Published: August 2020

Background: While ETV6- NTRK3 fusion is common in infantile fibrosarcoma, NTRK1/3 fusion in pediatric tumors is scarce and, consequently, not well known. Herein, we evaluated NTRK1/3 fusion pediatric mesenchymal tumors clinicopathologically and immunophenotypically. Methods: We reviewed nine NTRK fusion pediatric sarcomas confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or next-generation sequencing from Seoul National University Hospital between 2002 and 2020. Results: One case of TPR NTRK1 fusion-positive intracranial extra-axial high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma (12-year-old boy), one case of LMNA-NTRK1 fusion-positive low-grade infantile fibrosarcoma of the forehead (3-year-old boy), one case of ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) (3-months-old girl), and six cases of ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-positive infantile fibrosarcoma (median age: 2.6 months, range: 1.6–5.6 months, M: F = 5:1) were reviewed. The Trk immunopositive pattern was distinctive according to the fusion genes. We notified nuclear positivity in TPR-NTRK1 fusion sarcoma, nuclear membrane positivity in LMNA-NTRK1 fusion sarcoma, and both cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity in ETV6-NTRK3 fusion-positive IMT and infantile fibrosarcomas. Also, the TPR-NTRK1 fusion sarcoma showed robust positivity for CD34/nestin and high mitoses. The LMNA-NTRK1 fusion sarcoma revealed CD34/S100 protein/nestin/CD10 coexpression, and a low mitotic rate. The IMT with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion expressed SMA. Six infantile fibrosarcomas with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion showed variable coexpression of nestin (6/6)/CD10 (4/5)/ S100 protein (3/6). Conclusions: All cases of NTRK1 and NTRK3 fusion-positive pediatric tumors robustly expressed the Trk protein. A Trk immunopositive pattern and CD34/S100/nestin/CD10/SMA immunohistochemical phenotype may suggest NTRK fusion partner genes and diagnoses. LMNA-NTRK1 fusion sarcoma might be a low-grade subtype of infantile fibrosarcoma. Interestingly, more than half of the infantile fibrosarcoma cases were positive for S100 protein and CD10. The follow-up period of TPR-NTRK1 and LMNA-NTRK1 fusion tumors are not enough to predict prognosis. However, ETV6-NTRK3 fusion infantile fibrosarcomas showed an excellent prognosis with no evidence of disease for an average of 11.7 years after gross total resection of the tumor.
Medical education too: sexual harassment within the educational context of medicine – insights from undergraduates
Authors: Schoenefeld Eva , Marschall Bernhard , Paul Berit , Ahrens Helmut , Sensmeier Janina , Coles Jan , Pfleiderer Bettina
Published: August 2020

Background: Assessment of the presence and the characteristics of sexual harassment in academic medicine is a global issue. Only limited international data are available so far.Methods: Aim: To assess the extent of sexual harassment and to identify the perpetrators in the student population of the medical school of Münster, Germany.A survey was undertaken, using the Medical Womens’ International Association sexual harassment questionnaire translated into German. The anonymous online questionnaire was sent as a link to all medical undergraduates at Münster Medical School via a mailing list between 1st October and the 30th November 2018. Identifying and potentially identifying data was not collected.Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods such as categorical variables. Baseline characteristics, e.g. answers by male or female medical students, were correlated with their individual sexual harassing experiences and perpetrator groups by means of univariate analysis. Results: A total of 2162 medical students were asked to participate: 623 (28.8%) completed the survey. Sexual harassment is a significant issue among medical students at Münster, with 87.6% of female students experiencing some verbal and /or physical sexual harassment. The majority of perpetrators were patients, followed by medical superiors and educators, and less frequently by colleagues. All students who had experiences with forced sexual contact were females. Over half (58.9%) of all undergraduates were exposed to sexually harassing behaviour: 41.3% of those suffered from verbal harassment and 31.8% from unwanted physical sexual contact such as e.g. unwanted physical touch, while 8.5% of faced forced sexual contact e.g. such as oral, anal or vaginal penetration, intercourse and rape. Perpetrators were mostly male medical superiors (7.0%) and male patients (18.3%).Conclusions: Sexual harassment in medical education and the medical working place are a significant problem in a German medical school. The majority of students experiencing sexual harassment are females. Female students also experience the more serious forms of sexual harassment more often.
3D morphometric analysis of the colon applied to a laparoscopic surgical approach. Cadaver study
Authors: Fernando J , Escolar JD , Sánchez FM , García VE , Luesma MJ , Cantarero I , Fatás JA , Maestre J , López C , Usón J
Published: August 2020

Background: The anatomy of the colon can be studied using three-dimensional reconstructions obtained from radiological images. Laparoscopic surgery of the colon requires positional changes of the surgical table. The aim of this study is to define the changes that occurred in certain segments of the colons of cadavers after subjecting them to the conditions that are used in laparoscopic surgery of the colon. Methods: Three cadavers were submitted to abdominal computerized tomography, first with no external, and then after the application of 15 mm of Hg of pneumoperitoneum and 15 degrees Trendelenburg, right or left lateral decubitus. Results: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the images was performed for a morphological descriptive study of the pubic points, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, hepatic flexure and splenic flexure. A total of 390 measurements were performed, 159 showed changes. The inferior mesenteric artery point modifications were the most strongly related to the other points. The transverse colon - pubic symphysis - descending colon angle depended on the pubic symphysis - descending colon distance, and the transverse colon - inferior mesenteric artery - descending colon angle depended on the inferior mesenteric artery - transverse colon distance. Conclusions: The positional changes of the points studied were related to their attachment to the peritoneum, to the proximity of the neighbouring viscera and to their location in the abdomen.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals That the Heterosis of Two Maize Hybrids is Related to Enhancement of Stress Response and Photosynthesis Respectively
Authors: Wang Daoping , Mu Yongying , Hu Xiaojiao , Ma Bo , Wang Zhibo , Zhu Li , Xu Jiang , Huang Changling , pan yinghong
Published: August 2020

Background Heterosis refers to superior traits exhibiting in a hybrid when compared with both parents. Generally, the hybridization between parents can change the expression pattern of some proteins such as non-additive proteins (NAPs) which might lead to heterosis. ‘Zhongdan808’ (ZD808) and ‘Zhongdan909’ (ZD909) are excellent maize hybrids in China, however, the heterosis mechanism of them are not clear. Proteomics has been wildly used in many filed, and comparative proteomic analysis of hybrid and its parents is helpful for understanding the mechanism of heterosis in the two maize hybrids.Results Over 2,000 protein groups were quantitatively identified from second seedling leaves of two hybrids and their parents by label-free quantification. Statistical analysis of total identified proteins, differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) and NAPs of the two hybrids revealed that both of them were more similar to their female parents. In addition, most of DAPs were up-regulated and most of NAPs were high parent abundance or above-high parent abundance in ZD808, while in ZD909, most of DAPs were down-regulated and most of NAPs were low parent abundance or below-low parent abundance. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that more of stress response-related NAPs in ZD808 were high parent abundance or above-high parent abundance, and most of PS related NAPs in ZD909 were high parent abundance or above-high parent abundance. Finally, four stress response-related proteins and eight proteins related to PS were verified by PRM, ten of them had significant differences between hybrid and midparent value. Conclusions Even though every one of the two hybrids were more similar to its female parent at proteome level, the biological basis of heterosis is different in the two maize hybrids. In comparison with their parents, the excellent agronomic traits of hybrid ZD808 is mainly correlated with the high expression levels of some proteins related to stress responses and metabolic functions, while traits of ZD909 is mainly correlated with high expressed proteins related to photosynthesis. Our proteomics results support previous physiological and morphological research and have provided useful information in understanding the reason of valuable agronomic traits.
Optimization of SPME-GC-MS and Characterization of Floral Scents from Aquilegia Japonica and A. Amurensis Flowers
Authors: Wang Hua-Ying , Zhang Wei , Dong Jian-Hua , Wu Hao , Wang Yuan-Hong , Xiao Hongxing
Published: August 2020

The floral scent of plants plays a key role in plant reproduction through the communication between plants and pollinators. Aquilegia as a model species for studying evolution, however, there have been few studies on the floral scents and relationships between floral scents and pollination for Aquilegia taxa. In this study, three types of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) fiber coatings (DVB/PDMS, CAR/PDMS, DVB/CAR/PDMS) were evaluated for their performance in extracting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from flowers of Aquilegia amurensis, which can to contribute to the future studies of elucidating the role of floral scents in the pollination process. In total, 55 VOCs were identified, and among them, 50, 47 and 45 VOCs were extracted by the DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, CAR/PDMS fiber and DVB/PDMS fibers, respectively. Only 30 VOCs were detected in A. japonica taxa. Furthermore, the relative contents of 8 VOCs were significant different (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05) between the A. amurensis and A. japonica. Therefore, the results can be applied in new studies of the relationships between the chemical composition of floral scents and the processes of attraction of pollinator. It may provide new ideas for rapid evolution and frequent interspecific hybridization of Aquilegia
Neutrophils Mediated Multistage Nanoparticle Delivery for Prompting Tumor Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Ye Bo , Zhao Bao , Wang Kun , Guo Yilong , Lu Qinguo , Zheng Longpo , Li Ang , Qiao Jianou
Published: August 2020

Background : Neutrophil-based drug delivery system possesses excellent advantages in targeting at tumour because neutrophils are easily recruited by chemotactic factor in tumor microenvironment. Herein, we developed a novel tactic of multistage neutrophils-based nanoparticle delivery system for promoting photothermal therapy (PTT) of lung cancer. Results: Au nanorod (AuNR) was successfully modified with bovine serum albumin (AuNRB) and further conjugated with RGD (AuNRBR), followed by neutrophil internalisation to obtain neutrophils-based delivery system (AuNRBR/N). The engineered neutrophils efficiently migrated across the epithelial cells due to inflammatory signal. They exhibited better toxicity against Lewis cells with laser irradiation in vitro . Moreover, AuNRBR/N showed significantly more targetability to tumour tissue compared with cell carrier-free AuNRBR, as demonstrated in Lewis tumour-bearing mice. The enhanced tumour homing efficiency of AuNRBR/N together with subsequently released AuNRBR from the neutrophils was favourable for further deep tissue diffusion and contributed to the inhibition of the tumour growth in PTT and improved survival rate (over 120 days). Conclusions: Overall results illustrated that the design of cell-based nanoparticle delivery system for PTT of cancer is promising.
Enrichment of apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein D in the HDL proteome is associated with HDL functions in diabetic kidney disease without dialysis
Authors: Santana Monique FM , Lira Aécio LA , Pinto Raphael , Minanni Carlos A , Silva Amanda RM , Sawada Maria IBAC , Nakandakare Edna R , Correa-Giannella Maria LC , Queiroz Marcia S , Ronsein Graziella E , Passarelli Marisa
Published: August 2020

Background and aims: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is associated with lipid derangements worsening kidney function and enhancing cardiovascular ( CVD ) risk. The management of dyslipidemia, hypertension and other traditional risk factors does not completely prevent CVD complications bringing up the participation of untraditional risk factors such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs), carbamoylation and changes in HDL proteome and functionality. We analyzed HDL composition, proteome, chemical modification and functionality in non-dialytic DKD subjects categorized according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin excretion rate (AER). Methods: DKD individuals were divided in eGFR>60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 plus AER stages A1 and A2 (n=10) and eGFR<60 plus A3 (n=25) and matched by age with control subjects (eGFR>60; n=8). Results: Targeted proteomic analyses quantified 28 proteins associated with HDL in all groups, although only 2 were more expressed in eGFR<60+A3 group in comparison to controls: apolipoprotein D ( apoD ) and apoA-IV . HDL from eGFR<60+A3 presented higher levels of total AGEs (20%), pentosidine (6.3%) and carbamoylation (4.2 x) and a reduced ability in removing 14 C-cholesterol from macrophages (33%) in comparison to controls. The antioxidant role of HDL (lag time for LDL oxidation) was similar among groups but HDL from eGFR<60+A3 presented a higher ability in inhibiting the secretion of IL6 and TNF alpha (95%) in LPS-elicited macrophages in comparison to control group. Conclusion: The increment in ApoD and ApoA-IV seems to counteract the HDL chemical modification by AGE and carbamoylation that contributes for HDL loss of function in well-established DKD.
Unmet mental health needs in the general population: perspectives of Belgian health and social care professionals
Authors: Rens Eva , Dom Geert , Remmen Roy , Michielsen Joris , Broeck Kris Van den
Published: August 2020

Background: An unmet mental health need exists when someone has a mental health problem but does not receive formal care, or when the care received is insufficient or inadequate. Epidemiological research has identified both structural and attitudinal barriers to care which lead to unmet mental health needs, but reviewed literature has shown gaps in qualitative research on unmet mental health needs. This study aimed to explore unmet mental health needs in the general population from the perspective of professionals working with vulnerable groups.Methods: Four focus group discussions and two interviews with 34 participants were conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Participants’ professional backgrounds encompassed social work, mental health care and primary care in one rural and one urban primary care zone in Antwerp, Belgium. A topic guide was used to prompt discussions about which groups have high unmet mental health needs and why. Transcripts were coded using thematic analysis.Results: Five themes emerged, which are subdivided in several subthemes: (1) socio-demographic determinants and disorder characteristics associated with unmet mental health needs; (2) demand-side barriers; (3) supply-side barriers; (4) consequences of unmet mental health needs; and (5) suggested improvements for meeting unmet mental health needs.Conclusions: While findings of epidemiological research were largely corroborated, some additional groups and factors associated with unmet needs were identified. Professionals argued that they are often confronted with cases which are too complex for regular psychiatric care and highlighted the problem of care avoidance. Important system-level factors include waiting times of subsidized services and costs of non-subsidized services. As a result, feelings of burden and powerlessness are common among professionals. Professionals discussed future directions for an equitable mental health care provision, which should be accessible and targeted at those in the greatest need. Further research is needed to include the patients’ perspective of unmet mental health needs.
“A false sense of confidence” The perceived role of inflammatory point-of-care testing in managing urinary tract infections in Dutch nursing homes: a qualitative study
Authors: Kuil Sacha Danielle , Schneeberger Caroline , Leth Frank van , de Jong Menno , Harting Janneke
Published: August 2020

Background Diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTI) in nursing home residents is complex, due to frequent non-specific symptomatology and asymptomatic bacteriuria. The objective of this study was to explore health care professionals’ perceptions of the proposed use of inflammatory marker Point-Of-Care Testing (POCT) in this respect. Methods We conducted a qualitative inquiry (2018 - 2019) alongside the multicenter PROGRESS study (NL6293), which assessed the sensitivity of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin POCT in UTI. We used semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The participants were physicians (n=12) and nurses (n=6) from 13 nursing homes in the Netherlands. Most respondents were not familiar with inflammatory marker POCT, while some used POCT for respiratory tract infections. Both the interview guide and the analysis of the interview transcripts were based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results All respondents acknowledged that sufficiently sensitive POCT could decrease diagnostic uncertainty to some extent in residents presenting with non-specific symptoms. They primarily thought that negative test results would rule out UTI and justify withholding antibiotic treatment. Secondly, they described how positive test results could rule in UTI and justify antimicrobial treatment. However, most respondents also expected new diagnostic uncertainties to arise. Firstly, in case of negative test results, they were not sure how to deal with residents’ persisting non-specific symptoms. Secondly, in case of positive test results, they feared overlooking infections other than UTI. These new uncertainties could lead to inappropriate antibiotics use. Therefore, POCT was thought to create a false sense of confidence. Conclusions Our study suggests that inflammatory marker POCT will only improve UTI management in nursing homes to some extent. To realize the expected added value, any implementation of POCT requires thorough guidance to ensure appropriate use. Developing UTI markers with high negative and positive predictive values may offer greater potential to improve UTI management in nursing homes.