bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nordic Journal of Literacy Research – Some Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Gee James Paul , Skaftun Atle
Published: December 2015

Education in our society is increasingly oriented towards competition and anxious impatience with gaining measurable outcomes in the short term. Similar to the global economy, there is little trust and patience regarding long-term perspectives and features surrounding the maximum profit in the shortest possible time. These mechanisms are working their destructive powers on our natural resources and on possibilities for people to make meaningful lives. By invading the school systems all over the world this short-sighted view also threatens to undermine the possibility for people of the future to critically examine and resist a society where human beings are but functions in a fully automatized society.
Study of Referencing Pattern and Characteristics of Citations in Economics Theses
Authors: Gunasekera Chamani
Published: December 2015

This study analysed citations appeared in the economics postgraduates' theses in order to identify their referencing pattern and bibliographic characteristics. 1975 citations appended in the 16 masters and 2 doctoral dissertations on economics submitted from 1996 to 2014 to the main library, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka were analysed. These citations were examined to find out the distribution of authorship pattern, bibliographic form, core journals, geographical location, language and subject wise distribution of journal citations. The results revealed that the monographs are the most dominant bibliographic format of literature on economics research while single authorship prevails among the citations. Chronological distribution of the citations were examined and it was found that most of the cited materials were 20 years old or less in age and the highest citations were recorded in the period from 1991 to 2000. Most of the publications cited by the economics researchers were published in English language. The most cited journal titles were identified from the citations from journal literature while majority were from foreign journals and 89% of the journals were on economics followed by 2% on public administration. The highest journal citations were recorded in the period from1986 to 1995 with 34% of citations. The findings from this study could serve as a tool for collection development and can be used to guide collection maintenance and design of user services in libraries.
Use of Internet Tools and Services by Research Scholars of the University of Kerala
Authors: Divya L. R. , Pillai Sudhier K. G.
Published: December 2015

This paper focuses on the use of internet tools and services by research scholars of the faculty of applied sciences in the University of Kerala. Questionnaire method was employed for data collection and out of the 59 respondents, 41 are female and 18 male scholars. Majority of the research scholars were under the age group of 26-30. The study revealed that majority of the research scholars use internet for e - journal access and research purpose. Most of them access internet from departments, and spent more time for internet access (mean value 2.46). Results indicated that e- mail is the most commonly used web service among research scholars. Most of the time they use internet for organizing and maintenance of information. It is evident that Google, Yahoo, and Alta vista are the most widely used search engines. The study also revealed that major obstacles faced by research scholars are overload of information and distraction from the initial purpose for accessing the Internet.
The Use of Social Media and Internet Communication Tools in Academic Purposes of the Engineering Students at Aligarh Muslim University (AMU)
Authors: Munshi Shamim Aktar
Published: December 2015

In 21st Century a lot of changes have happened, especially in the fields of education, business, industry, information communication technology etc. As a result of these phenomena, our everyday life has been changed radically. The great contribution of ICT is Internetsocial media and communication tools, which changes the educational system as well as communication system across the world. The purpose of this study is to peer how the engineering students of Aligarh Muslim University are using modern communication tools and social media in their academic purposes. The present study selected survey method and questionnaire tools to collect the sample. The study finds out that majority of the students are aware of these modern communication tools and social media. This study shows that the students are highly independent on Internet communication tools and social media for their academic and communication purposes in social life. Notably there are few problems faced by students e.g. poor connectivity, lack of infrastructure, lack of time etc.
La migración femenina y los cambios en las relaciones de género en las familias: el caso de las transmigrantes colombianas en Italia
Authors: Ciurlo Alessandra
Published: December 2015

En las migraciones internacionales, los movimientos poblaciones de mujeres son muy  significativos, no solo por el número de personas que involucran, sino también porque presentan características propias que los distinguen de los movimientos poblacionales masculinos. La perspectiva de género aplicada a los fenómenos migratorios ha sido muy útil para demostrar que las migraciones no son neutrales en cuanto al sexo, y entender en profundidad las migraciones femeninas.Este artículo se focaliza en las migraciones colombianas hacia Italia, un fenómeno todavía poco estudiado pero que presenta particularidades interesantes por su fuerte heterogeneidad, por la elevada presencia femenina y la variedad de itinerarios de las mujeres migrantes. A partir de la perspectiva de género, pretende observar las diferencias entre la experiencia de hombres y mujeres durante la migración. Ello para desentrañar algunas de las desigualdades de género y su intersección con otras desigualdades que derivan de algunas categorías sociales que intervienen durante la migración.Se focaliza en la familia, un observatorio importante donde las relaciones de género se manifiestan con gran determinación, pero donde se suceden cambios a partir de la migración, que contribuyen a modificar la condición familiar y social de la mujer. En dichos flujos, aunque los cambios en las  relaciones de género no apuntan hacia una sola dirección, se evidencian diferentes trayectorias de las mujeres en las que a menudo ellas son protagonistas activas, independientes y autónomas, logrando articular ventajas y desventajas presentes durante el proceso migratorio.
El mecanismo europeo de estabilidad: uno de los pilares del modelo de gobernanza económica de la UE y su déficit de legitimidad
Authors: Roman Czubala Marcin
Published: December 2015

El establecimiento del mede, un organismo que facilita la ayuda financiera bajo unas condiciones estrictas, proporcionando de este modo el apoyo a la estabilidad de la zona euro, fue una clara respuesta de la Unión Europea ante la crisis económica vigente.Dicha entidad, que forma parte del actual modelo de gobernanza económica de la UE, es un elemento clave en el proceso de coordinación y vigilancia económica reforzadas, lo que hace que su estudio se considere de máxima relevancia y actualidad.Por eso, el principal objetivo de este artículo consiste en examinar su estructura jurídica, la configuración, el modelo de financiación y la capacidad de actuación, para poder analizar posteriormente su viabilidad y el grado de déficit de legitimidad que presenta.
Pluralism and Religious Harmony in Religious Elites Perspectives in Malang City
Authors: Sumbulah Umi
Published: December 2015

This study aims to understand the religious elite view of pluralism and religious harmony in  Malang. The study was focused on the meaning of pluralism and religious harmony, efforts  and things that support and hinder the realization of religious harmony. Empirical research  data with qualitative-phenomenological approach was collected through interviews and documentation. The results show: first, the meaning of religious pluralism for the religious elites is very varied, which is the same as tolerance, mutual respect, the goal of all religions are the same, and recognize the fact that there are many religions in this world. Second, religious
harmony have meaning as a condition where there is no oppression and domination of one religion over other religions, awakening a deep awareness of diversity, respect for human rights, and the willingness to spread kindness and love for fellow human beings. Third, religious harmony can be achieved through internal efforts to strengthen the faith of each and build awareness to develop a positive attitude towards other religions. In external efforts to create harmony done through emancipatory dialogue and cooperation to resolve humanitarian issues. Fourth, positive attitude that supports the creation of harmony of religions is the willingness and awareness to understand each other and share experiences. Egoism, truth claims, fanaticism, and exclusivism is a negative attitude and expression recognized by the religious elite can interfere with the establishment of inter-religious harmony.
Tradition of Hileyiya: The Interaction Between Religion and Traditions in Gorontalo in Sociology of Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Darwis Rizal
Published: December 2015

Interaction between tradition and religion in Indonesia cannot be denied. Historically, the development of national law was based on three difference laws: customary law, western law (particularly Dutch law), and Islamic law. This affects on the acceptance of the tradition that does not contradict with the religious law.  This paper examines the tradition of hileyiya or funeral ceremony which is prominent among Gorontalo’s society from the sociology of Islamic law perspective. It is a descriptive qualitative research and the data was collected using observation, interviews, and document review. Finding of this study revealed that tradition of hileyiya consisting of the reciting of the Qur’an, tahlil, tahmid, shalawat and dzikir has become a legacy for Gorontalo’s society. In the sociology of Islamic law perspective, this practice provides various benefits to the dead family and the visitors. For instance, the benefits of reciting the Qur’an believed can be passed on to the dead, serve to tranquil the dead family, and remind people about the death. It can be regarded as al-urf-shahih (and it was legitimized by the basis of Islamic law as al-adat al-muhakkamah (customs can be law).
Contribution Of Madrasah In Enhancing Curiculum 2013 (A Study On The Readiness Of Madrasah In Implementing Of Curiculum 2013 In Central Java)
Authors: Taruna Mulyani Mudis
Published: December 2015

This study aimed to describe the implementation of Curriculum 2013 in Madrasa tsanawiyah (MTs). The preparation includes readiness head MTs, the readiness of teachers, as well as enabling and inhibiting factors in the implementation of Curriculum 2013 MTs. The subjects of this study were MTs in Central Java. This study used a qualitative method with the following results; (1) generally head MTs and subject teachers at the school has been able to implement the K-13, both from the aspect of the facility and in the course of learning in the classroom. (2) supporting factor in the implementation of the curriculum in 2013 at MTs, including the existence of a workshop K-13 by the schools and by the working group of Madrasah (KKM), while inhibiting factor in the implementation of the curriculum in 2013 was the absence of mentoring supervisor madrassas and no handbook of teachers and learners, especially on the subjects of religious education.
Prevalence, Etiology and Treatment of Peri‐Implant Mucositis and Peri‐Implantitis: A Survey of Periodontists in the United States
Authors: Papathanasiou Evangelos , Finkelman Matthew , Hanley James , Parashis Andreas O.
Published: December 2015

Background: Currently, information available on the exact prevalence and standard therapeutic protocol of peri‐implant diseases is insufficient. The aim of this survey was to investigate the perceived prevalence, etiology, and management of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis by periodontists in the United States.

Methods: A twenty‐question survey was developed. Periodontists currently practicing in the United States were contacted by an e‐mail that contained a link to access the survey.

Results: Two hundred eighty periodontists (79.3% males; 62.9% with >10 years in practice, 75.7% in private practice) completed the survey. Most (96.1%) of the participants were placing implants (58.3% for >10 years and 32.4% >150 implants/year). The majority reported that the prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis in their practices is up to 25% but is higher in the general US population and that up to 10% of implants must be removed due to peri‐implantitis. There was agreement among contributing etiologic factors such as: 1) plaque; 2) smoking; 3) adverse loading; 4) oral hygiene; 5) use of antimicrobial gel/mouthrinse; 6) non‐surgical debridement; 7) use of systemic antibiotics; and 8) 3‐month supportive care for treatment of peri‐implantitis. Significant heterogeneity was recorded in relation to the instruments used for debridement, use and type of surgical treatment, and materials used for regeneration. Only 5.1% believed that treatment is very effective.

Conclusions: This survey indicates that peri‐implant diseases are a frequently encountered problem in periodontal practices and that the absence of a standard therapeutic protocol results in significant empirical use of therapeutic modalities and a moderately effective treatment outcome.
Prediabetes Enhances Periodontal Inflammation Consistent With Activation of Toll‐Like Receptor–Mediated Nuclear Factor‐κB Pathway in Rats
Authors: Huang Yanli , Guo Weihua , Zeng Jin , Chen Guoqing , Sun Wenhua , Zhang Xuexin , Tian Weidong
Published: December 2015

Background: Clinical studies have showed that prediabetes (preDM) is a predisposing factor for periodontitis. However, the pathogenic mechanism involved is unclear. Because it is known that the activation of Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐mediated nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in periodontitis, it is hypothesized that preDM enhances periodontal inflammation by activation of the TLR‐mediated NF‐κB pathway.

Methods: In this study, a preDM rat model is established by feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD). HFD‐induced rats with preDM (n = 7) and normal chow–fed rats (n = 7) were studied. The animal model was characterized in terms of body weight and the glycemic and insulinemic profiles. The following parameters were assessed to evaluate possible early periodontal alterations and underlying mechanisms: 1) histology analysis of periodontal tissue; and 2) serum and mRNA levels and/or the tissue protein expression of TLRs, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6), NF‐κB, cytokines, advanced glucose ends (AGEs), and free fatty acids (FFAs).

Results: Rats with preDM presented higher expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in periodontal tissue in the HFD group compared with the control group. The TLR2 and TLR4 was mostly expressed in gingiva, and TLR4 was expressed in periodontal ligament in rats. Furthermore, the MyD88 and TRAF6 protein levels were significantly increased in gingiva in rats with preDM compared with normal rats. The activity of NF‐κB signals was higher in rats with preDM than in normal rats. Regarding cytokines expression, the TNF‐α protein levels and interleukin‐1β mRNA levels were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with the control group. In the serum, AGEs levels were significantly increased in the rats with preDM. Mean FFAs concentrations were increased in rats with preDM compared with normal rats, but it did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion: In rats with preDM, TLR2 and TLR4 gene and protein levels were higher in periodontal tissue, and the activation of NF‐κB may, through TLRs/MyD88, cause more cytokine secretion, which is associated with the onset or development of periodontal disease.
Identité masculine et épreuves de virilisation à l'adolescence
Authors: Jeffrey Denis
Published: December 2015

Cet article parle de la masculinité post-moderne, c´est-à-dire, d´une façon de réfléchir les attributs ancestraux de la masculinité en phase avec le présent. On doit chercher à déconstruire le mythe d'une virilité offensive, mais sans oublier qu'il faut comprendre comment les jeunes garçons d'aujourd'hui construisent leur masculinité, et comment ils arrivent à affirmer leur virilité sans tomber dans les travers du machisme. En effet, nous nous demandons : comment parviendront-ils à construire une identité masculine en phase avec les nouvelles normes de l'égalité des sexes?
Le limus rédempteur de Andrej Tarkovski
Authors: Mottana Paolo
Published: December 2015

Le cinéma de Tarkovski est riche de présences symboliques. L'essai rend, à travers le contact prolongé et fidèle aux différentes oeuvres du metteur en scène russe, la constellation de ses éléments archetipiques et de ses figures les plus significatives. Le dialogue terre-eau, le travail du feu, la récurrence de l'arbre, du bois, de l'enfance, le flux lent du temps, la phenomenologie poétique de la maison. Dans le cinéma de Tarkovski on se perd, son oeuvre, un vrai opus magnus alchimique, est un voyage dans la survivance d'un halètement mystique profondément incarné dans la matière terrestre. Son parcours circulaire, de l'arbre brûlé d'Ivan à ce qui renaît à la fin du Sacrifice miraculeusement, c'est une cheville fondamentale pour pouvoir expérimenter la puissance de l'imagination créatrice quand encore elle est l' expression d'une sensibilité inspirée à l'âme du monde".
comunicação dos afetos no tango
Authors: Masella Lopes Paulo Roberto
Published: December 2015

Apesar de seu complexo sistema de codificação, a linguagem do tango como dança somente pode ser compreendida por intermédio das constantes improvisações que seus pares executam, exigindo uma fina sintonia nas suas intenções de movimento. No entanto, a linguagem do tango excede essas circunstâncias, constituindo-se numa comunicação dos afetos que se revela em uma experiência única que não pode ser reproduzida. Ainda que se queira fazer do tango uma representação da sensualidade entre o homem e a mulher, propõe-se aqui uma crítica dessa identidade de gêneros, mostrando que sua expressão estética transcende essa determinação social, angariando um conjunto de representações ambivalentes que não se sujeitam a interpretações únicas. Neste artigo, embora se conceba o tango como um espaço semiótico próprio, busca-se também compreender sua linguagem corporal como um complexo sistema cultural aberto a constantes ressignificações através de algumas associações com outras formas de linguagem e representações sociais.
Spatio‐temporal Scaling of Vegetation Growth and Soil Formation from Percolation Theory
Authors: Hunt A.G.
Published: December 2015

Core Ideas

Solute or nutrient transport limits soil formation and vegetation growth

Limitations on solute transport can only be understood within non‐Gaussian theories

Three scaling relationships have a common origin in space and time

Nutrient transport constraints limit vascular plant growth

Solute transport constraints limit soil development

Critical path analysis (CPA) is suited to calculating the hydraulic conductivity, K, of heterogeneous porous media by quantifying the paths of least resistance. Whenever CPA can be used to calculate K, advective transport scaling relationships from percolation theory should describe solute transport. Two solute transport relationships were applied to predict soil development and edaphic constraints on natural vegetation growth. These results used known exponents from percolation theory and known subsurface flow velocities. The typical flow velocity itself constrains the optimal growth rates of cultivars. The percolation scaling relationship constraining vegetation growth was shown to be in accord with data across time scales from hours to 100,000 yr, including more than a dozen studies (and two models) of tree growth. The scaling function for soil development explains time scales for the formation of soils from years to hundreds of millions of years. Data on soil development came from 23 different studies. The key unification is the common origin of the time and space coordinates for all three relationships in the transport time through a single pore of roughly micrometer size at a typical subsurface pore‐scale flow velocity. The distinction in evolving time scales is primarily a result of the hierarchical nature of vascular plant root systems, which speed up nutrient access relative to physical transport rates in the soil. The results help explain reductions in forest productivity with age, diminishing soil production with time, and the temporal distinction between chemical and biological processes in soils and their relevance to the global C cycle.
Influence of seasonal temperature fluctuations on two different partial nitritation-anammox reactors treating mainstream municipal wastewater
Authors: Lackner Susanne , Welker Samuel , Gilbert Eva M. , Horn Harald
Published: December 2015

Partial nitritation-anammox (PN-A) has gained increasing interest for municipal wastewater treatment in recent years due to its high energy-saving potential. Moving the PN-A technology from side- to mainstream exhibited a set of challenges. Conditions are quite different, with much lower ammonium concentrations and temperatures. Biomass retention becomes highly important due to the even lower growth rates. This study compared two laboratory-scale reactors, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), employing realistic seasonal temperature variations over a 1-year period. The results revealed that both systems had to face decreasing ammonium conversion rates and nitrite accumulation at temperatures lower than 12°C. The SBR did not recover from the loss in anammox activity even when the temperature increased again. The MBBR only showed a short nitrite peak and recovered its initial ammonium turnover when the temperature rose back to >15°C. The SBR had higher biomass specific rates, indicating that suspended sludge is less diffusion-limited but also more susceptible to biomass wash-out. However, the MBBR showed the more stable performance also at low temperatures and managed to recover. Ex situ batch activity tests supported reactor operation data by providing additional insight with respect to specific biomass activities.
Malachite green bioremoval by a newly isolated strain Citrobacter sedlakii RI11; enhancement of the treatment by biosurfactant addition
Authors: Mnif Inès , Fendri Raouia , Ghribi Dhouha
Published: December 2015

Citrobacter sedlackii RI11, isolated from acclimated textile effluent after selective enrichment on synthetic dyes, was assessed for malachite green (MG) biotreatment potency. Results indicate that this bacterium has potential for use in effective treatment of MG contaminated wastewaters under shaking conditions at neutral and alkaline pH value, characteristic of typical textile effluents. Also, the newly isolated strain can tolerate higher doses of dye and decolorize up to 1,000 mg/l of dye. When used as microbial surfactant to enhance MG biodecolorization, Bacillus subtilis SPB1-derived lipopeptide accelerated the decolorization rate and maximized the decolorization efficiency at an optimal concentration of biosurfactant of about 0.075%. Studies ensured that MG removal by this strain could be due to biodegradation and/or adsorption. Results on germination potencies of different seeds using the treated dyes under different conditions favor the use of SPB1 biosurfactant for the treatment of MG.
Fabrication and characterization of CdS doped TiO2 nanotube composite and its photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Chung Jinwook , Kim Seu-Run , Kim Jong-Oh
Published: December 2015

CdS doped TiO2 nanotube composite was fabricated by chemical bath deposition, and was characterized by the structural, spectral and photoelectrochemical properties. The results of the structural and spectral properties showed that CdS particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of TiO2 nanotube. It is demonstrated that CdS doped TiO2 nanotube composite improved the light harvesting ability. Power conversion efficiency of about 0.32% was observed. This value is about 2.9 times higher than that of pure TiO2 nanotube. The CdS doped TiO2 nanotube composite possesses relatively higher photocatalytic activity and photodegradation efficiency than that of pure TiO2 nanotube under UV light irradiation, and the degradation efficiency of methyl orange was about 42% at UV intensity of 32 W.
Applications and limits of theoretical adsorption models for predicting the adsorption properties of adsorbents
Authors: Park Hyun Ju , Nguyen Duc Canh , Na Choon-Ki , Kim Chung-il
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of adsorption models for predicting the properties of adsorbents. The kinetics of the adsorption of NO3− ions on a PP-g-AA-Am non-woven fabric have been investigated under equilibrium conditions in both batch and fixed bed column processes. The adsorption equilibrium experiments in the batch process were carried out under different adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dosage conditions and the results were analyzed using adsorption isotherm models, energy models, and kinetic models. The results of the analysis indicate that the adsorption occurring at a fixed adsorbate concentration with a varying adsorbent dosage occur more easily compared to those under a fixed adsorbent dosage with a varying adsorbate concentration. In the second part of the study, the experimental data obtained using fixed bed columns were fit to Bed Depth Service Time, Bohart–Adams, Clark, and Wolborska models, to predict the breakthrough curves and determine the column kinetic parameters. The adsorption properties of the NO3− ions on the PP-g-AA-Am non-woven fabric were differently described by different models for both the batch and fixed bed column process. Therefore, it appears reasonable to assume that the adsorption properties were dominated by multiple mechanisms, depending on the experimental conditions.
Spectroscopic characterization of dissolved organic matter in coking wastewater during bio-treatment: full-scale plant study
Authors: Xu Ronghua , Ou Huase , Yu Xubiao , He Runsheng , Lin Chong , Wei Chaohai
Published: December 2015

This paper taking a full-scale coking wastewater (CWW) treatment plant as a case study aimed to characterize removal behaviors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by UV spectra and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), and investigate the correlations between spectroscopic indices and water quality parameters. Efficient removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total nitrogen (TN) after the bio-treatment were 91.3%, 87.3% and 69.1%, respectively. UV270 was proven to be a stable UV absorption peak of CWW that could reflect the mixture of phenols, heterocyclics, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Molecular weight and aromaticity were increased, and also the content of polar functional groups was greatly reduced after bio-treatment. Three fluorescent components were identified by PARAFAC: C1 (tyrosine-like), C2 (tryptophan-like) and C3 (humic-like). The removal rate of protein-like was higher than that of humic-like and C1 was identified as biodegradable substance. Correlation analysis showed UV270 had an excellent correlation with COD (r = 0.921, n = 60, P < 0.01) and DOC (r = 0.959, n = 60, P < 0.01) and significant correlation (r = 0.875, n = 60, P < 0.01) was also found between C2 and TN. Therefore, spectroscopic characterization could provide novel insights into removal behaviors of DOM and potential to monitor water quality real-time during CWW bio-treatment.
Nitrogen removal from high organic loading wastewater in modified Ludzack–Ettinger configuration MBBR system
Authors: Torkaman Mojtaba , Borghei Seyed Mehdi , Tahmasebian Sepehr , Andalibi Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2015

A moving bed biofilm reactor with pre-denitrification configuration was fed with a synthetic wastewater containing high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia. By changing different variables including ammonium and COD loading, nitrification rate in the aerobic reactor and denitrification rate in the anoxic reactor were monitored. Changing the influent loading was achieved via adjusting the inlet COD (956–2,096 mg/L), inlet ammonium (183–438 mg/L), and hydraulic retention time of the aerobic reactor (8, 12, and 18 hours). The overall organic loading rate was in the range of 3.60–17.37 gCOD/m2·day, of which 18.5–91% was removed in the anoxic reactor depending on the operational conditions. Considering the complementary role of the aerobic reactor, the overall COD removal was in the range 87.3–98.8%. In addition, nitrification rate increased with influent ammonium loading, the maximum rate reaching 3.05 gNH4/m2·day. One of the most important factors affecting nitrification rate was influent C:N entering the aerobic reactor, by increasing which nitrification rate decreased asymptotically. Nitrate removal efficiency in the anoxic reactor was also controlled by the inlet nitrate level entering the anoxic reactor. Furthermore, by increasing the nitrate loading rate from 0.91 to 3.49 gNO/m3·day, denitrification rate increased from 0.496 to 2.47 gNO/m3·day.
Organic matter removal from saline agricultural drainage wastewater using a moving bed biofilm reactor
Authors: Ateia Mohamed , Nasr Mahmoud , Yoshimura Chihiro , Fujii Manabu
Published: December 2015

We investigated the effect of salinity on the removal of organics and ammonium from agricultural drainage wastewater (ADW) using moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). Under the typical salinity level of ADW (total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration up to 2.5 g·L−1), microorganisms were acclimated for 40 days on plastic carriers and a stable slime layer of attached biofilm was formed. Next, six batch mode MBBRs were set up and run under different salinity conditions (0.2–20 g-TDS·L−1). The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium–nitrogen (NH4-N) in 6 hours decreased from 98 and 68% to 64 and 21% with increasing salt concentrations from 2.5 to 20 g-TDS·L−1, respectively. In addition, at decreasing salt levels of 0.2 g-TDS·L−1, both COD removal and nitrification were slightly lowered. Kinetic analysis indicated that the first-order reaction rate constant (k1) and specific substrate utilization rate (U) with respect to the COD removal remained relatively constant (10.9–11.0 d−1 and 13.1–16.1 g-COD-removed.g-biomass−1·d−1, respectively) at the salinity range of 2.5–5.0 g-TDS·L−1. In this study, the treated wastewater met the standard criteria of organic concentration for reuse in agricultural purposes, and the system performance remained relatively constant at the salinity range of typical ADW.
Sludge reduction by direct addition of chlorine dioxide into a sequencing batch reactor under operational mode of repeatedly alternating aeration/non-aeration
Authors: Peng Hong , Liu Weiyi , Li Yuanmei , Xiao Hong
Published: December 2015

The effect of direct addition of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) into a repeatedly alternating aeration/non-aeration sequencing batch reactor (SBR) on its sludge reduction and process performance was investigated. The experimental results showed that the sludge reduction efficiency was 32.9% and the observed growth yield (Yobs) of SBR was 0.11 kg VSS (volatile suspended solids) /kg COD (chemical oxygen demand) for 80 days’ operation at the optimum ClO2 dosage of 2.0 mg/g TSS (total suspended solids). It was speculated that cell lysis and cryptic growth, uncoupled metabolism and endogenous metabolism were jointly responsible for the sludge reduction in this study. COD, NH3-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the effluent increased on average 29.47, 4.44, 1.97 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. However, the effluent quality still satisfied the first-class B discharge standards for municipal wastewater treatment plants in China. In that case, the sludge maintained fine viability with the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) being 14.47 mg O2/(g VSS·h) and demonstrated good settleability with the sludge volume index (SVI) being 116 mL/g. The extra cost of sludge reduction at the optimum ClO2 dosage was estimated to be 2.24 CNY (or 0.36 dollar)/kg dry sludge.
Municipal wastewater reclamation for non-potable reuse – environmental assessments based on pilot-plant studies and system modelling
Authors: Baresel Christian , Dahlgren Lena , Almemark Mats , Lazic Aleksandra
Published: December 2015

Wastewater reclamation is an upcoming approach that will significantly affect wastewater treatment systems. Despite the fact that technology for treating wastewater to an effluent water quality that meets various quality standards for reuse is already available and applied, the reuse of water is not just a simple and straightforward road. Significant additional energy and civil infrastructure is required to treat the water to a standard that allows it to be safely reused. The total impact of treating and reusing water may be higher than the environmental benefits. Thus, it is crucial the life-cycle impacts from upstream and downstream processes of various reuse technologies, i.e. production of chemicals, energy use, eutrophication, sludge handling, etc. The present paper provides a comprehensive evaluation considering different reuse purposes, treatment technologies and plant size. The results of this study suggest that all these factors are highly significant for the environmental impact of wastewater treatment systems for non-potable applications.
Development of a simplified model for the fixed biofilm reactor
Authors: Sarkar Sushovan , Mazumder Debabrata
Published: December 2015

A simplified fixed biofilm model was developed to formulate the relationship between the substrate concentrations at both the entry and exit, at the biofilm–liquid interface and at the biofilm attached surface along with average substrate flux in the biofilm, substrate flux at the biofilm–liquid interface and effective biofilm thickness. The model considered the substrate mass transport external to the biofilm and into the biofilm as per Fick's law and the steady state substrate as well as biomass balance for attached growth microorganisms. Monod's growth kinetics has been adopted in substrate utilization, incorporating relevant boundary conditions. The numerical solution of model equations was accomplished for calculating average flux and exit substrate concentration and thereafter the Runge–Kutta method was employed for determining effective biofilm thickness. Consequently, two computer programs were developed for the purpose of rapid solution. The model was satisfactorily applied to data available from the literature for checking its accuracy and was validated with the experimental results. The model was found to be an easy, accurate and fast method that can be used for process design of a fixed biofilm reactor.
Sulfidogenesis interference on methane production from carbohydrate-rich wastewater
Authors: Godoi L. A. G. , Damianovic M. H. R. Z. , Foresti E.
Published: December 2015

Two anaerobic fixed-structured bed reactors were fed with synthetic wastewater simulating the soluble fraction of sugarcane vinasse to evaluate the interference of sulfidogenesis on methanogenesis. The reactors running in parallel were subjected to the same operating conditions. The influent organic matter concentration (in term of chemical oxygen demand (COD)) remained close to 4,000 mgCOD L−1 and the hydraulic retention time was 24 hours. One reactor, the methanogenic (control reactor), received sulfate only to provide the sulfur required as a nutrient to the methanogenic biomass. The other one, the sulfidogenic/methanogenic reactor (SMR), received sulfate concentration corresponding to COD/sulfate ratios of 4, 5 and 3. In the last phase, the COD removal efficiencies were higher than 96% in both reactors and the SMR achieved 97% of sulfate removal efficiency (COD/sulfate ratio of 3 and influent sulfate concentration close to 1,300 mgSO42− L−1). Both reactors also had similar methane yields in this phase, close to 350 mLCH4 gCODremoved−1 at standard temperature and pressure. These results indicated no significant inhibition of methanogenic activity under the sulfidogenic conditions assessed.
Heterogeneity of the environmental regulation of industrial wastewater: European wineries
Authors: Román-Sánchez Isabel M. , Aznar-Sánchez José A. , Belmonte-Ureña Luis J.
Published: December 2015

The European legislation of the pollution of industrial wastewater shows a high degree of heterogeneity. This fact implies that there is a market failure with relevant consequences. Within the European Union, each Member State performs a specific transposition of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60. The member states introduce different sanitation fees to correct water pollution. In this paper, the case of the European wine industry is analyzed. It studies the sanitation fees of the five major wine producing countries: France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Portugal. Results show significant differences among the wastewater fees and the study reveals how such heterogeneity leads to relevant market distortions. The research concludes that more homogeneous environmental regulation would promote more sustainable wine production processes with more efficient water management and purification systems, as well as the introduction of cutting edge technologies.
Investigating differences between sexters and non-sexters on attitudes, subjective norms, and risky sexual behaviours
Authors: Champion Amanda R. , Pedersen Cory L.
Published: December 2015

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is often used to initiate, maintain, or terminate intimate relationships and recently, such platforms have been considered an outlet for sexual communication. This has led to the emerging trend of sending sexually suggestive messages via computer devices in what is known as “sexting.” The current study expands the definition of sexting to include different types of sext content (i.e., non-sexters, less explicit, explicit, and very explicit) and modes of transmission (e.g., cell phone, social networking). Our primary goal was to determine whether sexting behaviours, risky health behaviours, attitudes and subjective norms, sensation seeking, and motivations for sexting differ across separate sexter groups (N=511). Individuals who had never sent a sext message were classified as non-sexters (n=117), those who had sent sexy word-based messages were classified as less explicit sexters (n=135), semi-nude photo or video senders were classified as explicit sexters (n=87), and individuals who had sent fully nude photos or videos were classified as very explicit sexters (n=172). Results revealed that participants who report very explicit forms of sexting had higher positive attitudes toward sexting and engaged in riskier sexual behaviours relative to explicit, less explicit and non-sexters. In general, sexters perceived more social pressure to engage in sexting and demonstrated a higher need for sensation seeking compared to non-sexters. Higher rates of alcohol consumption were found among the very explicit and explicit sexter groups compared to less explicit and non-sexters.
«Castle Rackrent» and Its Historical Context
Authors: Mortimer Anthony
Published: December 2015

L'analyse d'un texte littéraire dans son contexte historique est utile dans la mesure où il nous permet de modifier ou d'approfondir les données de l'historiographie. Le roman surtout, par son effort de concrétisation, nous incite à déceler et à démystifier l'origine temporelle des idéologies. Il en est ainsi de Castle Rackrent (1800) qui se présente explicitement comme un portrait des mœurs des propriétaires irlandais avant 1782. Maria Edgeworth insiste sur le fait que la famille Rackrent n'est plus un cas typique, qu'elle appartient au passé. Mais comment expliquer le fait qu'un catholique (Jason Quirke) acquierre la propriété d'une famille protestante, chose légalement impossible avant 1782 ? Pourquoi cette volonté d'occulter le lien entre propriété et religion, aspect essentiel de la société irlandaise ? Maria Edgeworth veut croire que l'Irlande, après l'Acte d'Union (1801), connaîtra un nouveau départ grâce à l'idéologie du capitalisme agraire. Cette idéologie l'oblige à nier la continuité entre l'ère des Rackrents et sa propre époque. Mais l'ascension du minable Jason ne peut être qu'un phénomène contemporain qui constitue l'antidote à l'optimisme affiché dans la préface. Comme dirait Macherey, l'idéologie «se met à parler de ses absences». En voulant nier l'histoire, Maria Edgeworth la révèle.
Une conscience alternative : la celticité chez Daniel Odier
Authors: Paratte Henri-Dominique
Published: December 2015

Si l'œuvre du romancier Daniel Odier se tourne principalement, dans sa tentative d'une conscience différente du monde et du moi, vers des visions orientales, par contre l'élément celtique y occupe quand même une place constante et essentielle. Cet élément prend plusieurs formes : dans Le Voyage de John O'Flaherty, et symboliquement dans La Voie Sauvage, romans de 1972 et 1974 respectivement, nous suivons des personnages quelque peu excentriques dans un parcours qui les mène à une transparence, à une illumination que l'on peut facilement faire contraster avec le parcours vers la néantisation qui est celui de certains personnages beckettiens. Dans la lignée de Charles-Albert Cingria et de sa Civilisation de Saint-Gall (1929), Odier ne peut manquer de faire ressurgir, dans Le Milieu du Monde, traversée de l'histoire suisse, l'élément irlandais qui se manifeste par l'élan spirituel, et en même temps profondément proche des esprits de la nature si présents dans la religion celtique, des moines scripteurs qui ont transféré la richesse multiple de la nature dans leurs illuminations de manuscrits. Mais, pour le romancier suisse, il est aussi essentiel de faire ressurgir, par l'intermédiaire d'une druidesse narratrice, tout un pan de celticite oubliée, qui fait partie intégrante de la conscience suisse tout autant que de la conscience irlandaise ; cette celticite est un courant profond de conscience différente, possibilité d'une voie d'ouverture fabuleuse entre rêves et réalités.
Sir Roger Casement, traître par compassion
Authors: Joannon Pierre
Published: December 2015

La première guerre mondiale n'a produit qu'un seul traître dans les rangs britanniques : Sir Roger Casement. Anobli pour services rendus à la Couronne et à l'humanité, il se rendit en Allemagne après que les hostilités eurent éclaté et s'efforça de recruter une Brigade Irlandaise parmi les prisonniers de guerre. Arrêté et transféré en Angleterre pour y être jugé, il fut reconnu coupable et condamné à être pendu. Une mesure de grâce fut rendue impossible par la divulgation de ses carnets intimes où s'étalait une homosexualité sans fards, et il trouva la mort sur le gibet de la prison de Pentonville, le 3 août 1916. Cet article suit pas à pas la carrière de Casement et s'emploie à démontrer que sa croisade contre le colonialisme et le travail forcé fut le facteur déterminant qui fit de cet ancien serviteur de britannique un des plus grands martyrs du nationalisme irlandais.
Sunningdale, Ten Years Later
Authors: Deutsch Richard
Published: December 2015

Dix ans après la Conférence de Sunningdale, Richard Deutsch a interrogé plusieurs participants irlandais et nord-irlandais. Les points traités sont les suivants : la participation à la Conférence et les sentiments des participants ; la position des diverses délégations et leurs éventuels succès ; les Britanniques avaient-ils trouvé la «réponse» à la Question Irlandaise ? La nouvelle position britannique en 1972 ; le rôle du Premier Ministre britannique, Edward Heath ; la Conférence en tant que date-clef de l'histoire anglo-irlandaise ; le rôle de TIRA Provisoire ; les raisons de l'échec de Sunningdale ; ce qu'il reste de cette Conférence, dix ans plus tard. Pour rendre la lecture plus aisée, les questions et les réponses ont été présentées ensemble, mais le lecteur ne doit pas perdre de vue qu'il ne s'agit pas d'une table-ronde. Il reste encore bien des points à explorer et l'auteur est conscient des limites de cette approche. En temps voulu, les documents officiels révéleront certainement d'autres aspects.
« We Lifts Him Up» : fait de langue et effet de style dans «Castle Rackrent»
Authors: Escarbelt Bernard
Published: December 2015

«We lifts him up» : An Aspect of Language and Style in «Castle Rackrent». «We lifts him up» : fait de langue et effet de style dans Castle Rackrent is a tentative contribution to the interpretation of the character of Thady Quirk. This article discusses a set of linguistic forms recurring with varying frequency in the speech of Old Thady. It tries to shed new light on the complexity of this character by using the work of researchers in the field of the psychomechanic theory of language.
«The Bell» pendant la seconde guerre mondiale
Authors: Goldring Maurice
Published: December 2015

The monthly issues of The Bell (edited by Seân O'Faolain) between 1940 and 1945 provide a clear picture of a «cultural line» of a group of Irish intellectuals preoccupied with Irish parochialism. Their line was expressed in a critical reassessment of founding values : the romantic dream and Celtic revival. It is also expressed in an obstinate description of pluralism in Ireland, through an exposure of censorship and a series of articles on Ulster and on Irish protestants. The Bell sowed seeds that were to be reaped in the next generation.
On the Route of a Walking Shadow. Samuel Beckett's «Come and Go»
Authors: Barone Rosangela
Published: December 2015

Le «dramaticule» Come and Go de Samuel Beckett est une parabole du XXe siècle sur le voyage existentiel de toute personne ; c'est une «problem play» en forme de microparodie qui manifeste, déjà dans le titre, la séduction de l'ordinaire. La variation sur le thème de la polarité/identité «Etre-Ne Pas Etre» se révèle encore plus originale grâce au recyclage des platitudes quotidiennes et des clichés littéraires. L'ouverture de Come and Go («When did we three last meet ?») résonne comme l'écho parodique de l'ouverture de Macbeth («When shall we three meet again ?») et le trio beckettien (FLO, VI et RUE) repropose l'énigme : «Fair is foul and foul is fair» dans la transfiguration des trois femmes en les «Weird Sisters» de Shakespeare et/ou les «Grazie» de Botticelli. Quand l'aller et le retour de FLO, VI et RUE au «narrow benchlike seat» est accompli, elles se retrouvent ensemble assises à la même station, le point de départ et d'arrivée du cercle vicieux : ici la polarité «Etre-Ne Pas Etre» se change une fois de plus en identité.
L'«Irish Information Partnership»
Authors: Deutsch Richard , Roche David
Published: December 2015

The Irish Information Partnership was founded in 1981 by David Roche, an Irishman from the Republic of Ireland. This organisation endeavours to offer to students and researchers, scholars, as much as possible confirmed and genuine information on the Troubles and Anglo-Irish relations. Twice a year it publishes The Agenda Data Base, a full data bank regularly up dated thanks to the use of micro-computers. In this interview, David Roche explains his approach, his methods for collecting material and the aims of the IIP : to offer to research workers a clear presentation of previously scattered information which the IIP has thoroughly checked. D. Roche emphasizes the importance of objectivity in describing events and facts but also the need for constant checking of information. He is fully aware that the IIP is coveted by many organisations and political parties but so far he has managed to remain free from them. He claims he has no personal ambition in running the IIP and that he is ready to close down immediately if the organisation was in any danger or if the Northern Irish conflict was to stop.