bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Biotechnology in Animal Production Systems in Hot Climates
Authors: Hansen P. J.
Published: June 2017

Developments in the biological sciences in the last three decades have revolutionized mankind's ability to manipulate the genetics, cell biology and physiology of biological organisms. These techniques, collectively termed biotechnology, create the opportunity for modifying domestic animals in ways that markedly increase the efficiency of production. Among the procedures being developed for animal production systems are marker-assisted selection of specific alleles of a gene that are associated with high production, production of transgenic animals , super ovulation and embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization, embryo sexing and cloning, production of large amounts of previously-rare proteins through use of genetically -engineered bacteria or other cells, and identification of new biologically-active molecules as potential regulators of animal function. To date, most uses of biotechnology have concentrated on problems of general relevance to animal agriculture rather than specific problems related to livestock production in hot climates. However, it is likely that biotechnology will be used for this latter purpose also. Strategies to increase disease resistance using marker-assisted selection, production of transgenic animals expressing viral proteins, and recombinant cytokines to enhance immune function should prove useful to reducing the incidence and seventy of various tropical diseases. Additionally, there are methods to reduce effects of heat stress on oestrus detection and establishment of pregnancy. These include remote sensing of oestrus, ovulation synchronization systems and embryo transfer. More research regarding the physiological processes determining heat tolerance and of the pathways through which heat stress alters physiological function will be required before molecular biology techniques can be used to reduce the adverse effects of heat stress on animal production.
Livestock Environment Prospects for the 90's
Authors: Thatcher W. W.
Published: June 2017

When projecting livestock environmental prospects for the 1990's. it is critical to recognize the multidimensional nature of managing livestock species under hot environments. This paper identifies potential critical physiological windows during the life cycle of the animal that are sensitive to heat stress and responsive to environmental modification. Ovarian follicular development appears to be sensitive to heat stress leading to reductions in intensity of oestrus and subsequent fertility. Periods of follicular development that are sensitive to heat stress have not been defined. With current improved systems to alter the microenvironment of animals. the period of embryonic sensitivity to heat stress has shifted so that early embryonic losses are less. Potential recombinant proteins that may enhance embryo survival and correct deficiencies in placental function that are induced by heat stress warrant additional investigation. The postpartum period is a critical period in which a multitude of factors interact to influence animal productivity and its sensitivity to heat stress. Nutritional strategies to improve animal performance with the use of fat-supplementation are discussed. Environmental modification and housing systems need to not only maximize the efficiency of animal production but need to consider the potential impact on the environment relative to water use. soil and water pollution. Animal production and management systems need to consider both animal health and well-being issues. To optimize profit under conditions of greater societal constraints and available management alternatives, computer assisted management systems will become a critical tool.
Gill monogenean communities on three commercially important sparid fish in Omani waters
Authors: Yoon Gilha , Al-Adawi Hisham , Shinn Andrew
Published: June 2017

The prevalence and intensity of polyopisthocotylean monogeneans on the gills of three commercially important species of sparid caught in Omani coastal waters close to the city port of Muscat were determined and compared. Throughout May 2012 to April 2013, infections on bi-weekly samples of the soldier seabream, Argyrops filamentosus (Valenciennes, 1830), the king soldier seabream, Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål, 1775), and, the silver seabream, Rhabdosargus sabra were evaluated. From a total of 200 specimens (standard length of 26–52 cm), caught by line angling or by traps, at least three species of gill monogenean, namely Omanicotyle [Bivagina] heterospina, Heteromicrocotyla sp. and Microcotyle sp., were commonly encountered. Silver bream, which was infected by all three monogeneans, bore the highest infections (100% prevalence; mean intensity of 20.14 ± 0.92 parasites fish-1), whilst the soldier bream, which was infected only by O. heterospina had the lowest levels of infection (of the three sparids with 63.8% prevalence; mean intensity 5.8 ± 0.17 parasites fish-1). Comments on the distribution of monogeneans on each host are provided but to what extent this is influenced by water current speeds passing through the buccal and opercular cavities, gill morphology, parasite size, and / or the morphology and efficiency of the parasite’s attachment apparatus requires establishing and forms the basis of ongoing investigations.
An assessment of longnose trevally (Carangoides chrysophrys) (Cuvier, 1833) fishery in the Arabian Sea, Oman
Authors: Al-Rasady Issam H. , Govender Anesh
Published: June 2017

The Present study assessed the fishery state of longnose trevally (Carangoides chrysophrys) in the North West Arabian Sea. Key population parameters were estimated, and yield and spawning stock biomass per recruit analyses were conducted. The equation presented by Alagaraja (1984) for estimating natural mortality resulted in M = 0.29 year-1 and lead to the best estimate of longevity. Hence this value was used in the yield and spawning stock biomass per recruit analyses. The total mortality (Z) was estimated as 0.39 year-1, based on a catch curve analysis. Length-at- and age-at-50% captures were 38.21cm and 4 years respectively. The yield and spawning biomass per recruit analyses indicate that the current fishing mortality rate (Fcurr) was lower than the fishing mortality corresponding to the maximum yield per recruit (Fmax) and was also higher than the target reference point (F0.1) , suggesting that overfishing, currently, does not occur. However, any increase in the fishing effort in the future may lead to overfishing.
First Lactation Genetic Parameters of Buffaloes Under Multiple Trait Animal Model
Authors: Khan M.S. , Gondal K. Z. , Raza S. H. , Asghar A. A.
Published: June 2017

There are many computational algorithms available for estimating (co) variance components under multiple trait models. Paternal half-sib correlation is the most commonly used method for estimating genetic parameters of economic traits of buffaloes. The models used are Single trait, ignoring covariances with other traits. The relationship matrices are also ignored. This study was undertaken to estimate genetic parameters of first lactation traits of Nili Ravi buffaloes under a multiple trait animal model. First lactation milk yield was l7% heritable when traits such as age of calving interval were considered. Age at first calving was 18% heritable with very low genetic correlations with other traits. Lactation length, dry period and calving interval were lowly heritable traits. Estimates differed by inclusion or exclusion of traits due to the covariances present among all these traits. A high genetic correlation between mills yield and lactation length (0.74) does not warrant the selection of milk yield as the only trait.
Factors Influencing Date Pollen Viability
Authors: El Mardi M. O. , Consolacion E. , AI-Manthari O. , AI-Nabhani H.
Published: June 2017

Pollen of seven date cultivars was stored at 4.5 -5.0'C using desiccator with or without silica gel and in vials outside the desicator as a control. Germination percentage was determined microscopically with a hemacytometer after harvest and at three and six months of Storage, respectively, using a boric acid-sucrosce medium. Cultivar genotype did out influence the viability of pollen. Pollen stored for six months gave a higher germination percentage (45.9%) than three months (40.9%) indicating that pollen requires more than three months at 4.5 - 5C for the reactivation or its growth factors. An increase in relative humidity in storage containers resulted in reduced germination profiles. Germination percentages were 62.2, 42.9 and 22.79% at 18. 55 and over 55 relative humidity, respectively. Pollen stored in desiccator with and without silica gel gave a higher germination profile after six months than at three months storage whereas the control gave the lowest. The highest germination percentage was observed in pollen kept in a desiccator in the presence of silica gel for six months.
Modeling the Soul Surface Seal from a Filtration Perspective
Authors: Somaratne N.M. , Smettem K.R.J.
Published: June 2017

A physically based model of soil surface scaling is proposed. The governing equations are formulated on the principle of conservation of mass assuming Darcy's law applies to suspension flowing through the soil surface. The model incorporates the physics of surface sealing by mechanisms that capture suspended particles moving with infiltrating water. As a result of particle retention in the soil system, the intrinsic porosity is reduced and hulk density is increased, resulting in changes to soil hydraulic properties such as moisture retention and hydraulic conductivity. Empirical functions are developed to describe the changes of these properties as the seal develops. With this approach, the seal can be mathematically described by well defined initial and boundary conditions and transient seal properties can be simulated in a physically realistic manner.
Gram Yield and Yield Components of Spring Wheat Genotypes at Different Moisture Regimes
Authors: Ahmad R. , Ahmad N. , Stark J.C. , Tanveer A.
Published: June 2017

Yield and developmental characteristics of crop genotypes grown at different levels of water availability are often used to select genotypes that are adapted to variable moisture environments. Field studies were conducted at Aberdeen. Idaho, USA in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the effects of varying moisture supply on grain yield and yield components of spring wheat genotypes. In both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under three irrigation levels (well-watered. moderate water-stress and severe water-stress) imposed during the periods from mid-tillering to anthesis with a line source sprinkler irrigation system. Grain yield and yield components (spikes m-2, spikelets spike-1, kernels spikelet-1,  kernels spike-1, and kernel weight) were used to evaluate the genotypic response to water stress. Overall, water stress caused a reduction in grain yield and yield components. Genotypes exhibited a large year-to-year variation in their ranks for grain yield. Medium-tall growing genotypes (IDO 367. lDO 369 and Rick) generally produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1992 (relatively dry year), while short -medium genotypes (WPB 926. Yecora Rojo and Pondera) produced high yields under water stress conditions in 1993 (relatively wet year). Chris and Serra were the lowest yielding genotypes under water stress conditions in both years. Under moderate stress conditions. 100 367 and Yecora Rojo had consistently high yields. Genotypic yield differences under water stress conditions were primarily related to the differences in the numbers of spikes m". Therefore, a tendency for high plasticity for Spikes per unit area could be used to select wheat genotypes for improved drought tolerance.
Somatic Cell Score as Predictor of Daily Milk Yield in Holsteins
Authors: Khan M.S. , Shook G.E. , Hailman ED.
Published: June 2017

The purpose of our Study was to determine if variation in milk yield at later Stages of lactation can be explained by expressions of early lactation somatic cell score (SCS) and if the prediction of future yield within lactation can be improved by including SCS among the predictors. Three data sets (n >600.000 each) were: milk yield with sample days near 20, 50 and 140. Stepwise regression was used requiring F statistic (P < .01) for any SCS variable to stay in the model. Separate analyses were run for 12 combinations of four seasons and first three parities for each data set. Selection of SCS variables was not consistent across seasons or parities. Coefficients of determination (R2) ranged from 54 to 74% with higher values for higher days in milk (DIM) and earlier lactations. The inclusion of SCS expressions in the prediction equations improved R2 by < 1% . SCS was associated with milk yield on sample day, but the association was not strong enough to improve the prediction of future yield when other expressions of milk yield were taken into account.
Studies on the Oestrous Cycle of Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Alfuraiji M.M.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the oestrous cycle of the Arabian camel. Eight female camels (Majaheem) were used. Daily blood samples were collected for 60 days to measure Oestradiol - 178 (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels using radioimmunoassays. The duration of the follicular wave cycle ranged from 25-30 days and the length of oestrous from 5-7 days. P, levels were low (<3.2 nmol/l) throughout the cycle, while E2 levels were high during oestrous. The corpus luteum was therefore not present during the natural cycle suggesting that Arabian camels experienced induced ovulation.
Viscoelasticity of Oxidised Starch and Low Methoxy Pectin in the Presence of Glucose Syrup
Authors: Kasapis S.
Published: June 2017

The structural properties of mixtures with pectin, oxidised starch and glucose syrup were investigated using small deformation dynamic oscillation. The composition of the mixture, pH and temperature course of analysis were designed to imitate the development of confectionery products. In the absence of added calcium, preparations of low methoxy pectin with glucose syrup form viscous solutions, which remain crystal-free at subzero temperatures. Samples of oxidised starch and glucose syrup. on the other hand, exhibit solid-like behavior due to the crystalline nature of the amylose-like helices. Mixtures of the two polyssacharides with the co-solute show clearly the phase inversion from liquid to solid-like behavior with increasing amounts of starch in the formulation. The transformation is reflected in the textural properties of samples which vary from thick solutions to firm gels. The viscoelasticity of the system can be modified further by the introduction of high methoxy pectin. 1hus preparations of high methoxy pectin and glucose syrup form rubbery gels whose amorphous nature undergoes a glass transition during cooling. The energetic requirement for the formation of the biological rubber was in good agreement with corresponding data in the literature.
Phytotoxic Effect of Herbicides with and without Surfactant on Weed Growth and Yield of Wheat
Authors: Tanveer A. , Ayub M. , Ali A. , Ahmad R.
Published: June 2017

Use of surfactants is an effective mean of improving herbicide efficiency. The herbicides methabenzthiazuron [l ,3-Dimethyl-3-(2-benzothiazolyl)urea], chlortoluron[N-(3, Chloro-4-methyl phenyl)-N-N-dimethyl urea] + MCPA(2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid] and lsoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1, 1-dimethyl urea] were evaluated for weed control at recommended rates of 1.26, 1.50 and 0.97 a.i. kg ha-1, respectively, in comparison with a 12.5 and 25% less rate after the addition of 0.2 % surfactant. Application of herbicides with surfactant even at lower rates was as effective as recommended rates in controlling weeds and increasing grain yield. Grain yield ranged from 20.8 to 45.3 % and 26.3 to 38.1 % more than the weedy check in 1992-93 and 1993-94, respectively, for various herbicide concentrations. Thus for economical weed control, a lower rate of herbicide with the addition of surfactant should be recommended.
The Nutritional Status of some Horticultural Crops in Salalah Region, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: El-Fouly M.M. , Shaban M.M.
Published: June 2017

A field survey has been conducted in Salalah region, Sultanate of Oman to evaluate the nutrient status of some horticultural crops and the respective soils. Soil and leaf samples were collected and analyzed. Soils were found to be characterized by high pH, high CaCO3 content, low or very low micronutrient contents. The unfavorable conditions caused nutrient deficiencies within the plant tissues. To correct the situation, fertilizer use should be based on soil testing and plant analysis, as well as information on farming system and farm management. Use of micronutrient fertilizers should be considered as a part of the fertilizer regime.
Microbiological, Physico-Chemical, and Biochemical Changes During the Ripening of a Camembert Cheese Made from Pasteurized Cow’s Milk
Authors: Guizani N. , AI-Mugheiry M. , Al-Ruzeiki M.
Published: June 2017

Camembert cheese was manufactured from pasteurized cow’s milk by the traditional method in order to determine the changes in the microflora, physico-chemical, and biochemical characteristics over 30-day ripening period. The total bacteria counts were high in cheese throughout ripening with lactic acid bacteria being the main microbial group both on the surface as well as in the center of the curd. However, the microbial activity is more important on the surface than in the center. Each group of microorganisms showed a typical variation during ripening on the surface and in the center. External heterogenous microflora, with high population of yeast, molds (mainly P. camemberti), and halophilic bacteria, induced a total rate of proteolysis and lipolysis about 1.5 times greater on the surface than in the curd at the end of ripening. Migration of salt from the curd reached equilibration after 23 days of ripening. A faster decrease in the pH of the surface was observed and a gradient of pH between the surface and the center was maintained during the ripening period.
Chemical Analysis of the Essential Oil from Tagetes minuta
Authors: Khan A.J. , Chowdhury A.R.
Published: June 2017

Tagetes minuta Linn. is a highly aromatic herb that grows wild on the North-West Himalayas between the altitudes of 1,250 and 2,500 m. The aerial part of the plant, on hydro distillation, yielded 1.2% of yellow-brown colored essential oil, on a dry weight basis, having a strong aromatic odor. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry examination of the oil showed that it contains tagetone and trans-caryo hyllene as major constituents. The other constituents identified were B-bisabolene, carvotanacetone, carvacrol, citral, B-cubebene, p-cymene, dihydrotagetone, iso-eugenol, B-inone, linalyl acetate, linalool, isolimonene, methyl-n-heptyl ketone, B-myrcene, menthol, nerolidol, 2-nonanone, B-ocimene, ocimenone, 1-penten-3-ol, phenyl acetaldehyde, a-pinene, spathulenol, a-terpineol, and Y-terpineol.
Response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Irrigation Water Salinity: I. Effect on Agronomic and Yield Attributes
Authors: Nadaf S.K. , AI-Khamisi S.A. , AI-Lawati A. H. , Sidahmed O.A.
Published: June 2017

Thirteen salt tolerant wheat genotypes along with local cultivar, WQS 160 were investigated for their response to five levels of irrigation water salinity viz. control (2 dSm-1), 4, 8, 12 and 16 dSm-1 during two winter seasons. The wheat was grown in pots containing sandy loam soil under shade house conditions. The results indicated that the effects of the years, salinity and genotypes were significant to highly significant (p < 0.01 to 0.05) with respect to all the characters studied. Among the interactions, the effect of year x salinity was highly significant (p <0.01) for number of leaves, leaf length, spike exsertion, grain weight, harvest index and dry biomass. Interaction effects of year x genotype were significant to highly significant (p < 0.01 to 0.05) with respect to all the characters except number of leaves while the effect of salinity x genotype was also significant (p < 0.01) for all the characters except plant height and harvest index. Interaction effect of year x salinity x genotype was significant only in case of days to heading initiation (p < 0.01), spike length (p < 0.05) and grain weight/plant (p < 0.01). Adverse effect of salinity was evident in the genotypes for all characters. Salinity tolerance of genotypes was assessed using the concepts of both stress susceptibility index at each higher salinity level in relation to control (lowest salinity level) and mean value over the salinity treatments with respect to each character. Among all the genotypes tested, 8-24 and Sids-6 were found to have a consistently high degree of salinity tolerance. These two genotypes were proposed for utilization in breeding program involving local cultivars.
Comparison of Agricultural Forecasts with Actual Data
Authors: Alseleem Y.A.
Published: June 2017

So far, little has been said regarding the accuracy of forecasting given by the Ministry of Agriculture and Water (MAW). Saudi Arabia. Measures of accuracy are quite useful in comparing several methods of sampling or analysis. A comparison of forecasts with actual data gives us a measure of accuracy. In fact, a current evaluation of the accuracy of crop forecasts appears useful since government agencies, agribusiness firms, and farmers make decisions involving millions of riyals annually on the basis of the forecast, and deficiencies in the forecasts may cause undesirable effects on plans and resource allocation. The present research examines the accuracy of 255 MAW crop area and production forecasts for wheat, barley, tomato, watermelons,  palm dates, grapes, chicken, sheep, and camel for the period 1400-1416 H (i.e. 1979-1995G). The study tested the difference between actual and forecast estimates. The results of this study provide useful information about decision making in crop (animal) forecasting procedures to meet users requirements.
Constructing a Social Accounting Matrix: Concepts and Use in Economic Policy Analysis
Authors: Boughanmi H. , Zaibet L. , Al-Jabri O. , AI-Hinai T.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this paper was to construct a social accounting matrix (SAM) and show how it can be used to determine the economy-wide and sectoral effects of external shocks and various policy options available using Oman as a model. We first constructed an aggregate SAM (macro SAM) based on the country’s national accounts which provided the control totals for a multisectoral, multi-institutional SAM. Then, we used the SAM to derive the multiplier matrix coefficients and simulated the effects of four policy scenarios: 1) an increase in agricultural and manufacturing exports (diversification scenario), 2) an increase in oil export value, 3) a reduction in worker remittances, and 4) an income transfer to rural households (equity scenario). Results showed that the diversification scenario had the largest overall production multiplier, while the increase in oil export price scenario had the highest impact on government revenue, balance of trade and saving. The remittance control scenario had the highest impact on total household income but most of the income increase went to urban households. The equity scenario had the second largest increase on household income, mostly rural income, but the least effect on saving, and trade balance. The policy implications of these simulations are not clear-cut. In addressing development issues, policy makers would need to use a combination of policy instruments to achieve a specific objective.
Screening Potato Varieties for Tuber Production in Arid Regions: Effect of Planting Date on Yield Potential
Authors: Khan I.A , Deadman M.L. , AI-Habsi K.
Published: June 2017

The effect of tuber planting date on yield of potato cultivars was examined during three seasons. Planting date had a significant effect on yield, although cultivars showed significant variation in yield potential at the different dates. Varietal yield was significantly correlated with planting date and thus was probably a response to changing temperatures during the growing season. The yield increase in some cultivars was attributable to greater tuber number; in others it was because of greater tuber weight. Cultivars Vivaldi, Carlita, Bydand, Donald and Sterling were identified as having the potential for general cultivation in the arid climate of the Arabian Gulf. The results are discussed in terms of a national strategy for potato production, possibly involving a delay in planting date from mid November to mid December, allowing greater land use efficiency during the short cropping season.
Modeling Residual NAPL in Water-Wet Porous Media
Authors: Lenhard R.J. , Kacimov A.R. , Tartakovsky A.M. , AbdelRahman H.
Published: June 2017

A model is outlined that predicts NAPL which is held in pore wedges and as films or lenses on solid and water surfaces and contributes negligibly to NAPL advection. This is conceptually referred to as residual NAPL. Since residual NAPL is immobile, it remains in the vadose zone after all free NAPL has drained. Residual NAPL is very important because it is a long-term source for groundwater contamination. Recent laboratory experiments have demonstrated that current models for predicting subsurface NAPL behavior are inadequate because they do not correctly predict residual NAPL. The main reason for the failure is a deficiency in the current constitutive theories for multiphase flow that are used in numerical simulators. Multiphase constitutive theory governs the relations among relative permeability, saturation, and pressure for fluid systems (i.e., air, NAPL, water). In this paper, we outline a model describing relations between fluid saturations and pressures that can be combined with existing multiphase constitutive theory to predict residual NAPL. We test the revised constitutive theory by applying it to a scenario involving NAPL imbibition and drainage, as well as water imbibition and drainage. The results suggest that the revised constitutive theory is able to predict the distribution of residual NAPL in the vadose zone as a function of saturation-path history. The revised model describing relations between fluid saturation and pressures will help toward developing or improving numerical multiphase flow simulators.
Natural Attenuation of Volatile Hydrocarbons in Unsaturated Soil Zone
Authors: Grathwohl P. , Maier U.
Published: June 2017

Scenario-specific numerical simulations were performed in order to assess the diffusive spreading of volatile fuel constituents and their biodegradation in the unsaturated soil zone. This is especially important in arid regions where the groundwater table is far below the surface and groundwater recharge is limited. The model results compare well with data from a controlled outdoor test with an emplaced source of kerosene. Modelling results illustrate that the overall biodegradation rates depend mainly on properties of the fuel constituents such as Henry’s Law constant, on the individual degradation rate constants, the soil water content and temperature. The contaminant transfer rates into groundwater can be determined provided the spreading processes in the unsaturated zone are understood.
Purchase Behavior of Consumers for Seafood Products
Authors: Omezzine A. , Al-Mazrooei N. , Chomo G.V.
Published: June 2017

Fish consumption is a key component in production and marketing decisions. Fish consumers play a key role because fishermen and distributors recognize their purchase choices as a determinant to their operation. Consumers make buying decisions according to market conditions and to various attributes of the product, namely the specie, the form, the place of purchase, the size and the quality. This study is aimed at providing information on Oman consumers’ attitudes and preferences for fish purchase form and market outlets using an information-processing model. It identifies factors for predicting changes in market demand for fish products and services as a result of changes in consumers attributes. Results indicate that on-shore fish markets are the most preferred outlets for the coastal population while retailers and Oman National Fisheries Company are the commonly used outlets. Results also show that whole fish is the most preferred form of purchase for both rural and urban medium to low-income consumers while a large proportion of high-income consumers in urban regions prefer mainly sliced fish. Market development efforts should focus on the organization of on-shore fish markets in coastal regions, and retailers and Oman Fisheries Company’s outlets in the inland areas. Forms other than whole fish may be promoted for sale in supermarkets and specialized shops for the urban high-income consumers group..
Leaching Potential of Sea Water in Saline Souls
Authors: AI Busaidi A. , Cookson P.
Published: June 2017

Limited fresh water resources, inefficient irrigation and soil salinity reduce agricultural production in arid and semi-arid countries. This paper describes one of the uses of sea water to reduce salinity of an excessively saline soil in Oman. The objective of the study was to determine the efficiency of sea water to leach salt from a simulated profile of a coastal soil. The sandy soil under study contained a salt crust at the surface and was less saline in the subsurface layers. Soil was repacked in columns, 10 cm in diameter and 43 cm long, and three depths of sea water applied, Lo. 43, 64.5 and 86 cm. An additional column was leached with tap water for comparison. A leaching trial was undertaken in the field, using soil from inside cylindrical rings (D 31.5 cm) inserted into the surface. Leaching with sea water reduced soil salinity by between 90.4 and 17.8%, depending on the depth of sampling. Salinity in the surface soil layer was reduced more than in underlying layers. Most efficient leaching occurred with the application of sea water equal in amount to the depth of soil to be leached. It was concluded that sea water is an effective leaching agent, but leached soils still contained more salt than when leached with the same amount of tap water.
Population Dynamics of Two Cichlids, Oreochromis aureus and Tilapia zilIi, from Wadi EI-Raiyan Lakes, Egypt
Authors: Mehanna S.F.
Published: June 2017

Age, growth, mortality, relative yield-per-recruit and relative biomass-per-recruit of Oreochromis aureus and Tilapia zilli collected from Wadi EI-Raiyan lakes during the period from August 2000 until July 2001 have been estimated. Age was determined from scale readings and the results showed that the maximum life spans of O. aureus and T. zilli were three and four years, respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth equations were L1= 27.15 (l-e'0.56(t+0.32) for 0. aureus and L1= 33.5 (l-e -0.49(t+0.15) for T. zilli. The instantaneous annual rates of total, natural and fishing mortality were calculated as 1.69, 0.25 and 1.44, respectively for 0. aureus and 1.1, 0.2 and 0.9, respectively for T. zilli. Exploitation rate was estimated as 0.85 and 0.82 for 0. aureus and T. zilli, respectively. Relative yield-per- recruit and relative biomass-per-recruit analysis indicated that the stocks of O. aureus and T. zilli were overexploited and that the current exploitation rate should be reduced by about 53% for 0. aureus and 55% for T. zilli to ensure that at least 50% of the individuals could be maintained for spawning and recruitment.
Productivity of Alfalfa, Rhodes Grass and Their Mixtures in Arid Conditions Under Sprinklers
Authors: Nadaf S.K. , AI-Khamisi S.A. , AI-Lawati A.H.
Published: June 2017

The presently existing dominant perennial forages like Rhodes grass, alfalfa and their mixtures were investigated from January 1998 to August 1999 for their productivity as a part of ICARDA’s Arabian Peninsula Research Program (APRP) at Rumais in the Batinah Coast of the Sultanate of Oman. The results indicated that the Rhodes grass varieties produced significantly (P< 0.01) higher green (230.50 - 306.10 t/ha-1) and dry matter yields (52.39 - 67.48 t/ha-1) during the period. followed by the mixture treatments (green matter: 223.51 - 241.76 tfha" and dry matter: 49.02 - 53.11 t/ha-1) and alfalfa cultivars (green matter: 182.05 - 184.04 t/ha-1 and dry matter: 40.83-44.67 t/ha-1). Among the Rhodes grass varieties, Callide had a very high significant yield potential (P<0.05) in terms of both green and dry matter yields followed by Katambora and Topcut, a newly introduced variety. In alfalfa, both cultivars produced similar (P> 0.05) green matter (182.05 - 184.04 film") and dry matter (40.83 44.67 t/ha-1) yields. Among the mixtures, both green and dry matter yields of l: 2 mixture of Alfalfa and Rhodes grass were significantly higher than the other two mixture proportions i.e. 1:1 and 2:1 (P<0.05).
Control of Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), in Stored Wheat Grains with Mesquite Plant, Prosopis juliflora (SW), D.C. Seed Extracts
Authors: AI-Moajel N.H.
Published: June 2017

The effectiveness of mesquite plant, Prosopis juliflora (SW) D.C. (Family: Mimosaceae), seed extracts against rice weevil. Sitophilus oryzae (L), reared on wheat grains was investigated in the laboratory. The tested plant extracts of P. juliflora in petroleum ether, chloroform, and acetone, effectively controlled adults and their toxicity based on LC95 and LC5O values respectively was in order: acetone (12.0, 5.8ml/kg) < pet ether (8.0, 4.1ml/kg) chloroform (6.3, 2.2ml/kg). A highly significant oviposition deterency effect (P< 0.05) was found for all extracts at LC50 levels, while at LC95 levels, oviposition was nearly completely inhibited. Thus, progeny emergence was completely suppressed at Legs levels, also at LCSC, of acetone extract. Chlorofonn extract indicated a slow rate of degradation alter one month of storage (90% mortality). All tested plant extracts reduced weight loss in wheat grains after 45 days of storage, but chloroform extract was the most effective. Most treatments did not significantly affect water absorption but viability was significantly reduced. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts caused a significant inhibition effect on acetyl choline esterase (AchE) in adults while acetone extract caused a significant activation effect. All three different extracts, caused a significant activation effect on phosphases (AcP and AlkP), except for chloroform and acetone extract treatments which caused significant inhibition of AcP in adults. All extracts caused a significant decrease in protein and carbohydrate contents of adults, except the carbohydrate content of adults treated with acetone extract. There was a significant increase in lipid content in adults treated with all three extracts and significant increase of carbohydrate content only in adults treated with acetone extract.
Qualidade de vida de pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica submetidos à terapia celular
Authors: Porto Joana D´Arc Silvério , Rassi Salvador , COSTA NETO Sebastião Benício da , SOUSA Ivone Felix de
Published: June 2017

ObjetivoAvaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida de 60 pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica que participaram do Estudo Multicêntrico Randomizado de Terapia Celular em Cardiopatia no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás.MétodosTrata-se de uma pesquisa de coorte retrospectivo de um estudo transversal anterior. Os participantes foram escolhidos randomicamente e foi utilizado o desenho duplo-cego para quem recebeu células tronco grupo experimental ou não recebeu grupo controle. Os dados foram retirados dos prontuários de 60 pacientes que responderam o questionário sócio demográfico, o Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, a classificação funcional e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos, no tempo basal, 2, 6 e 12 meses de segmento. Foram analisados os dados referentes a qualidade de vida, meio dos testes estatísticos descritivos (porcentagem, média, desvio-padrão) e comparativos (teste t de Student e de correlação de Pearson, para p 0,05). ResultadosForam incluídos os 60 pacientes chagásicos, a maioria do sexo masculino (70%), idade média 50,98 anos. O grupo que recebeu células-tronco e o grupo que não recebeu permaneceu semelhante, com boa qualidade de vida durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Observa-se que, dois meses após o procedimento houve melhora da qualidade de vida em ambos os grupos, quando comparada aos demais tempos. A correlação da classificação funcional e do teste de caminhada com a qualidade de vida mostrou que quanto melhor a condição clínica do participante, melhor era o escore de qualidade de vida. ConclusãoNão houve alteração na qualidade de vida dos participantes do grupo experimental em comparação ao grupo controle. Assim, a qualidade de vida dos participantes que receberam células-tronco não foi impactada.
Editorial
Authors: Barsalini Prof. Dr. Glauco
Published: June 2017

Este número inaugura os Cadernos de Fé e Cultura da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas e nele se apresentam os textos “A Diplomacia da Santa Sé” – escrito pelo Núncio Apostólico no Brasil, Dom Giovanni d’Aniello – e “Universidade Católica: Fé e Cultura” – da lavra do Professor Dr. Pe. Paulo Sérgio Lopes Gonçalves.
Concílio Vaticano II: História e Teologia
Authors: Santos Dom Benedito Beni dos
Published: June 2017

Agradeço a Dom Airton José, à reitora Profa. Dra. Ângela, ao vice-reitor Prof. Dr. Germano, o convite que me fizeram para proferir esta palestra sobre um tema tão significativo: Concílio Vaticano II: história e teologia. Quero agradecer também as palavras amigas e generosas do Prof. Dr. Pe. Paulo Sérgio.
Laudato Si’: fundamentação teológica
Authors: Boareto José Antonio
Published: June 2017

Este artigo pretende apresentar a fundamentação teológica da Encíclica Social Laudato Si’ do Papa Francisco. Utilizando da metodologia teológica de Clodovis Boff procuramos demonstrar que a teologia presente na Encíclica assemelha-se em sua fundamentação a estrutura da teologia latino-americana. A Encíclica privilegia a mediação sócio-analítica a hermenêutica. Diferente da perspectiva da teologia europeia que reflete a partir das questões existenciais, na América Latina a teologia reflete a partir das questões sociais. A preocupação com o que está a acontecer a nossa casa pede uma reflexão que se articule como uma ação a ser desenvolvida a partir de educação e espiritualidade ecológicas.
Mobilidade identitária em Nihonjin, de Oscar Nakasato
Authors: Martha Alice Áurea Penteado
Published: June 2017

Neste artigo, a partir de conceitos como “desterritorialização” e “reterritorialização”, termos atribuídos a Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari (1992), analisamos o movimento de “des(re)territorialização”, entendido como mobilidade na literatura, na obra Nihonjin (Benvirá, 2011), do escritor paranaense de Oscar Nakasato, Prêmio Jabuti 2012. Com a leitura do romance, observamos, no plano formal, as fronteiras por onde se movem o narrador e suas criaturas ficcionais, ressaltando modos de construção do mundo narrado, especialmente, ambientação e sistema linguístico; no plano temático, consideramos a inserção das personagens em novos territórios, engendrados pelo movimento da ação narrativa.
ANALISIS DESAIN PICKUP PIEZOELEKTRIK DARI MODEL HYBRID SOLAR CELL-PIEZOELECTRIC UNTUK DAYA RENDAH
Authors: Diniardi Ery , Syawaluddin Syawaluddin , Ramadhan Anwar Ilmar , Isnaini Waldi , Dermawan Erwin , Almanda Deni
Published: June 2017

Indonesia merupakan negera yang memiliki sumber energi baru dan terbarukan yang belum dikembangkan secara optimal dan besar-besaran digali dan digunakan, terutama energy sel surya dan energi air hujan. Kelebihan dari iklim tropis, yaitu hujan dan panas, sudah seharusnya dikembangkan secara masif dan secara diversifikasi energy. Bukan hanya energy fosil yang digunakan, tetapi energy yang ada disekitar kita. Salah satunya energy air hujan dengan menggunakan Piezolektrik. Bahan piezoelektrik yang mampu mengubah energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik menjadi sumber utama pembahasan dalam penelitian ini. Banyaknya energi yang dihasilkan dari benturan air hujan dapat dihitung menggunakan model mekanik-elektrik. Besarnya energi yang bisa dihasilkan bergantung secara langsung kepada ukuran membran piezoelektrik, ukuran titik air hujan dan frekuensinya. Dan juga sel surya yang digunakan sebagai penghasil listrik. Apabila kedua energy ini digabungkan seperti apakah hasilnya. Dalam penelitian ini akan dikaji mengenai analisis desain pickup Piezoelektrik dari model hybrid pembangkit listrik ini.
Clinico-demographic profile among female with alcohol related problems in the eastern part of Nepal
Authors: Gautam  Joshi Rinku , Koirala P , Shakya DR , Shyangwa PM
Published: June 2017

Background: Alcohol can affect anyone. It is not prejudicial towards any race, colour, sex, religion or economic level. It affects individual’s life, personal relationship, health and occupational functioning.1 Alcohol is estimated to cause a net harm of 3.7% of all deaths and 4.4% of the global burden of disease.3 This study will provide baseline data and pave way for further studies and broaden the implication for the management and control of alcohol related problems in female.Objective: To provide baseline data about the clinico-demographic profile of the female with alcohol related problems.Method: A semi- structured proforma was designed to collect the data. A total of 51 female patients participated in the study after giving their written informed consent.  Result: The maximum number of patients were in the age group of 41-50 (37.2%); followed by the age group 31-40 (31.3%). The mean age was 42.63 ± 11.11 years. The predominant caste was Rai 33.3% followed by Limbu 19.6%. All the cases were Hindus by religion. Most of the cases were married (82.3%) housewives, (56.8%) with nuclear family (68.6%) and illiterate (58.8%). The age of first alcohol intake was 17.45±9.45 years, total duration of use 24.86±14.7. Family custom (56.88%) was the most common reason for the first use of alcohol. Local distilled alcohol was preferred (58.8%) and 72.5% used to drink alone. The most common presenting complaint was auditory hallucination (12.36%).Conclusion: The most affected age group was at the peak of their economic and reproductive abilities. Most of the patients were illiterate and jobless. A comprehensive educational awareness program about alcohol use and its effects on the female as a whole, with special attention to pregnancy and lactation is to be undertaken at the community level, with maximum female participation. It is important to recognize and realize that women have unique aspects to their alcohol problems and to understand the complex interplay of roles they have to play in the form of daughter, mother, wife, in-law and manager of the household activities including taking care of children as well as elderly at home and plan accordingly.Health Renaissance 2015;13(2): 30-42
Randomized control trial comparing primary hip spica versus initial traction and hip spica of fracture at or below the junction of the upper and middle third of femur in children
Authors: Chaudhary Pashupati , Bajracharya AR , Joshi A , Sharma B , Bose R , Shrestha BP , Khanal G P
Published: June 2017

Background: The debate regarding optimal management of femoral shaft fractures in the pediatric population is still far from resolved. While some consensus exists in the treatment of this injury in children younger than the age of six, opinion still widely divided in children six to 11 years.Objective: The aim of study was to compare the outcome of primary hip spica versus initial traction and hip spica of fracture of shaft of femur at or below the junction of the upper and middle third in children in terms of deformity and fracture healing.Method: A RCT study was carried out in the departments of Orthopedics, B.P.Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal from March 2004 to January 2006. Forty five patients were included in the study in which 22 patients included in early spica casting (group I) and 23 patients in traction with spica casting (group II). The functional outcomes were assessed with Pearson’ Chi-square test, Independent samples test and union was assessed radiologically.Result: There was no statistically significant difference in time of union; all of them united in 8-10 weeks follow up. No significant overall difference in terms of deformity was noted in the two groups(p value-0.306).There was significant difference in terms of hospital stay in both the groups(p value<0.05).Conclusion: The study showed that there is significant advantage in primary hip spica cast for the treatment of isolated , closed femur fractures in children ages less than 10 years and weight less than 80 pounds(45kg) which allowed us to treat these fractures without any worry of wound dehiscence, pin site infections, avascular necrosis of the femoral head.Health Renaissance 2015;13(2): 80-91
Single-layer versus double-layer intestinal anastomosis: A comparative study
Authors: Shah Tuhin , Agarwal RK , Gupta RK , Agrawal CS , Khaniya S
Published: June 2017

Background: Intestinal anastomosis is essential to maintain the continuity after resection. There has been constant controversy due to various repair options. Adequate apposition can be achieved by either single- or double-layer anastomosis which may affect the post-operative outcome.Objective: To compare the outcome of single-layer versus double-layer anastomosis of small and large intestine.Method: This prospective comparative study was conducted over a period of 16 months, and included 78 patients who underwent intestinal anastomosis (without diverting stoma) after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomized into double-layer and single-layer intestinal anastomosis groups by a computer generated series. Double layer anastomosis was constructed using inner continuous Polyglactin 3-0 and outer interrupted Silk 3-0, while single layer anastomosis was done with interrupted PDS 2-0.Result: The mean age was 39.79±17.78 years. A total of 59% were operated in emergency room while 41% in elective setting. Overall mean time for anastomosis was 31.81±6.03 (21-50) minutes. In double- and single-layer intestinal anastomosis mean time was 34.35±5.80 (26-50) and 29.13±5.08 (21-45) minutes respectively, which was statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Single-layer was completed 5 minutes earlier than double layer anastomosis in average. Clinical anastomotic leak was seen in six (7.7%) patients, three in each group. Eight (10.3%) patients had surgical site infection: 3 in double-layer and 5 in single-layer groups. One (1.3%) mortality was seen, from single-layer anastomosis group.Conclusion: Single-layer anastomosis can be constructed in significantly shorter time with similar complication rate when compared to doublelayer anastomosis.Health Renaissance 2015;13(2): 134-143