bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Research Interests and Perceptions of First-Year Medical Students at 4 Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
Authors: Nguyen Victoria , Kaneshiro Kelly , Nallamala Hinduja , Kirby Conor , Cho Tim , Messer Kyle , Zahl Sarah , Hum Julia , Modrzakowski Malcolm , Atchley Daniel , Ziegler Dana , Pipitone Olivia , Lowery Jonathan W. , Kisby Glen
Published: March 2020

Context

There are limited data regarding the experiences of and attitudes toward research participation among osteopathic medical students despite rapidly increasing enrollment and expansion of the number of osteopathic medical schools.

Objective

To assess first-year osteopathic medical students’ experience with research, their interest in it, their perceptions of its value, and barriers to participation.

Methods

An anonymous, online survey was sent to 868 medical students in the class of 2021 at 4 colleges of osteopathic medicine. The survey consisted of 14 multiple-choice items (7 of which offered the option of a written response) and 1 open-ended item that asked them to report their age. The survey remained open for 2 weeks, with 1 reminder email sent on the last day of the survey. Incomplete responses were excluded from the analysis.

Results

A total of 328 participants were included, for a response rate of 38%. A majority of respondents reported previous research experience (261 [79.6%]), consistent with a strong perception that research participation is important (315 [96.0%]). Fewer students (177 [54.0%]) were either currently participating in research or affirmed interest in performing research during medical school, with the highest level of interest in clinical research (259 [79.0%]) followed by basic science (166 [50.6%]). Regarding incentives that might encourage participation in research, students preferred monetary compensation (213 [64.9%]) or extra credit in courses (195 [59.5%]). A commonly reported barrier to performing research during medical school was the possibility of a negative impact on performance in coursework (289 [88.1%]).

Conclusion

First-year osteopathic medical students are interested in research, view research experience as valuable, and consider research experience as beneficial to future career development. This study's findings highlight opportunities for increasing student participation in research through incentives or removal of perceived barriers.
Empathy in MedicineCultivating an Empathetic Professional Identity in Osteopathic Medical Students Through Service Learning: A Qualitative Analysis of Reflective Essays
Authors: Chrisman-Khawam Leanne M. , Manzi Joel A.
Published: March 2020

Context

The role of professional identity development has been established as a significant element of the “hidden curriculum” in medical education. While most programs do not contain explicit instruction on that topic, service learning initiatives are a popular trend in medical education that offer medical students early clinical experience and an opportunity to develop professional identity. Through intentional reflective practices, service learning can also promote empathy development, a critical component missing from current models.

Objective

To determine the role of service learning participation on the development of empathy and professional identity among osteopathic medical students.

Methods

Using a grounded theory method, the authors analyzed reflective essays from students who voluntarily participated in a service learning project that provided medical care to patients who are homeless. Essays were completed within 1 week of volunteer experience.

Results

The authors collected and analyzed 64 reflective essays from 55 students in this study. A review of the 64 texts yielded 5 coding domains and several subdomains. The codes revealed 4 major themes: (1) incoming attitudes, (2) transformative experiences, (3) empathy development, and (4) professional identity formation.

Conclusions

Structured service learning experiences provide students with an opportunity to develop an empathetic professional identity in the preclinical stage of medical education. This form of volunteer service is a transformative experience that challenges students’ incoming perceptions and leads to the development of both empathy and professional identity.
Tour boats affect the activity patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Bocas del Toro, Panama
Authors: Kassamali-Fox Ayshah , Christiansen Fredrik , May-Collado Laura J. , Ramos Eric A. , Kaplin Beth A.
Published: March 2020

Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) of the Bocas del Toro archipelago are targeted by the largest boat-based cetacean watching operation in Panama. Tourism is concentrated in Dolphin Bay, home to a population of resident dolphins. Previous studies have shown that tour boats elicit short-term changes in dolphin behavior and communication; however, the relationship of these responses to the local population’s biology and ecology is unclear. Studying the effects of tour boats on dolphin activity patterns and behavior can provide information about the biological significance of these responses. Here, we investigated the effects of tour boat activity on bottlenose dolphin activity patterns in Bocas del Toro, Panama over 10 weeks in 2014. Markov chain models were used to assess the effect of tour boats on dolphin behavioral transition probabilities in both control and impact scenarios. Effect of tour boat interactions was quantified by comparing transition probabilities of control and impact chains. Data were also used to construct dolphin activity budgets. Markov chain analysis revealed that in the presence of tour boats, dolphins were less likely to stay socializing and were more likely to begin traveling, and less likely to begin foraging while traveling. Additionally, activity budgets for foraging decreased and traveling increased as an effect of tour boat presence. These behavioral responses are likely to have energetic costs for individuals which may ultimately result in population-level impacts. Boat operator compliance with Panamanian whale watching regulations is urgently needed to minimize potential long-term impacts on this small, genetically distinct population and to ensure the future viability of the local tourism industry.
Comparative Study of Spectrum of Neuromyelitis Optica and Multiple Sclerosis in Indian Population
Authors: Patil Sonal , Jain Kalpana , Manohar J. M.
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to differentiate neuromyelitis optica and its related disorders.

Materials and Method:

A retrospective single site study of 104 patients from July 2014 to October 2017 with optic neuritis and/or myelitis was done. After history taking and complete ocular examination, neurological examination, cerebrospinal fluid examination, magnetic resonance imaging and aquaporin 4 antibody testing, patients were categorised as neuromyelitis optica, multiple sclerosis and others.

Results:

Neuromyelitis optica was diagnosed in 38 patients, multiple sclerosis in 48 patients and 18 were others. Female predominance (76%) was noted in neuromyelitis optica patients. Seropositivity for aquaporin 4 autoantibodies was associated with higher relapse rate. In neuromyelitis optica 55% patients responded to steroid therapy, 30% referred for plasmapheresis, and 15% patients needed imunosuppressive therapy.

Conclusion:

Considerable overlap exists between neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis, both have to be differentiated because both diseases have different treatment guidelines.
Response of Autologous Serum Supratarsal Injection in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Longterm Followup
Authors: Agarwal Ritu , Manoher Jai Shree Murli
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To study the response of 0.1 ml autologous serum supratarsal injection in patients of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in their long term followup.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective, nonrandomized study was carried out in 50 patients of either sex and any age suffering from vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Previous medications were discontinued for period of 15 days before commencing serum injection. 0.1 ml of autologous serum was injected in each eye supratarsaly. Injection was repeated every week for 8 weeks and follow up of all patients was done at one month, three months, six months and one-year interval.

Results:

Significant improvements in symptoms and some of the signs were achieved. Improvement was significant even after discontinuation of treatment. No additional medications were required.

Conclusions:

0.1 ml supratarsal injection of autologous serum is an effective alternative treatment in vernal for long term and without any adverse effects.
Multiple Retained Ocular Bee Stingers
Authors: Sareen Arti , Sharma Mukta , Negi S. S.
Published: March 2020

Bee sting injuries, though rare in the eye, can be visually incapacitating for the patient if they occur. They have a wide variety of ocular manifestations ranging from involvement of the ocular surface right up to the optic nerve. This could be due to the venom of the bee itself, the sharp nature of the stinger, the toxic nature of the singer or the induction of the immunological response by the patient. Also, the introduction of the stinger in the eye may sometimes cause infection. These can individually or in part play a role in the clinical manifestations of a patient. We report a case of a 24-year-old female who had history of anaphylaxis due to multiple bee stings all over her body (including severe periorbital edema) one month back. After resolution of her acute symptoms she noticed a foreign body sensation, redness, lacrimation diminution of vision and pain in her left eye for which she came to us. Her Visual Acuity at presentation was 6/12in the left eye. On slit lamp examination two stingers were found embedded in her upper tarsal conjunctiva and one stinger was seen in the anterior chamber. All the three stingers were successfully removed mechanically after which she was prescribed topical antibiotics, steroids and cyclopentolate. This led to resolution of all her symptoms and improvement of her visual acuity to 6/6 within 5 days.
Insights Into Infrared Autofluorescence for Monitoring of Optic Disc Melanocytoma
Authors: Ayachit Apoorva , Gupte Sopan , Joshi Shrinivas , Ayachit Guruprasad
Published: March 2020

A case report describing infrared autofluorescence findings in a case of optic disc melanocytoma (ODM): A 42 year old asymptomatic woman was diagnosed to have ODM in the left eye. Two years later, growth in the lesion was noted clinically. On infrared autofluorescence (IR-AF) imaging the lesion showed hypo-autofluorescence corresponding to the area of the pre-existing lesion surrounded by a more hyperautofluorescent arc temporally corresponding to the area of growth. We hypothesize that melanophagosome activity depleted the melanin content of the tumor which led to hypo IR-AF in a melanocytoma. Optical coherence tomography also contributed to the understanding of the infrared autofluorescence findings.
Sexual Dimorphism on Haematological and Genetic Parameters of Japanese Quails
Authors: Udoh J. E. , Udoh U. H. , Adeoye A. A.
Published: March 2020

The study evaluated effect of Sex on Haematological parameters and Correlation with body weight of Japanese quails at Teaching and Research Farm of University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria. Authors declared that “principle of laboratory animal care” (NIH publication 85-23 revised 1985) were followed as well as the University law. The experiment has been examined and approved by the University law. Total of 400 birds (200 birds per sex) were reared in a Completely Randomized Design under standard management practices for 7 weeks with feed and water given ad libitum. Sex were considered treatments. Weekly body weight (BW) was measured. 100 birds per sex were randomly selected and blood samples were collected for haematological analysis. The parameters include: White Blood Cell(WBC), Red Blood Cell(RBC), Haemoglobin(Hb), Packed Cell Volume(PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin(MCH), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration(MCHC) and Platelet. The results showed that sex significantly (P< .05) influenced some of the haematological parameters of Japanese quails at 7 weeks. Females had significantly (P<.05) higher mean values in WBC (45.9 ±1.47 ×109/L), Hb (15.58±0.23 g/l) and PCV (47.75±0.72%) than males with WBC (32.09±1.31×109/L), Hb (13.72±0.25 g/l) and PCV (41.50±0.66%). There were no significant (P >.05) difference in mean values for RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and Platelet in both sexes measured. Correlation between BW and haematological parameters for male quails ranged from -10% to 50% (low to medium trend) while that of Female counterparts was -19% to 60% (low to high trend). In conclusion, female quails had higher values in WBC, Hb and PVC than the Males counterparts. Hence, female quails were considered fit for studying quails’ health status as this will help in establishing a breeding program of the quails than using Males. Body weight of female quails is a good selection tool to predict haematological parameters of quails.
Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Ceftiofur and Tulathromycin in Bulk and Dosage Forms
Authors: Rashed Noha Salem , Abdelazeem Amany Mohmed , Fouad Fatma Ahmed
Published: March 2020

Two simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of two veterinary drugs, ceftiofur and tulathromycin in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. The first one (Method A) based on the reducing action of ceftiofur on Fe (ΙΙΙ) to Fe (ΙΙ) in its complex with 1, 10- phenanthroline (ferrin complex) to give the orange-red colored ferroin complex that exhibits an absorption maximum at 511 nm. Ceftiofur exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 0.3-3.0 μg mL−1.The second method (Method B) depended on formation of a binary complex between tulathromycin and eosin Y in in the presence of carboxy methylcellulose as surfactant. Under the optimum conditions, the binary complex showed absorption maxima at 556 nm. The method obeyed Beer’s law over concentration range of 1.0–15.0 μg mL−1.  The proposed methods were used for determination of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulation; maxfur® powder and draxxin® injections with mean recoveries of 99.57and 99.71%, respectively. The validity of the methods was further proved by applying the standard addition technique. A proposal of the reactions pathways were described.
Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity of a New Schiff Base, 2-(((2-((4-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)ethyl)imino)methyl) Phenol and Its Cu(II) and Ni(II) Complexes
Authors: Yesmin Musarat Farjana , Camellia Farzana Khanm , Bashar Modina , Hossain Md. Sajjad , Nasira Saiyad , Uddin Nayon , Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Reza Md. Yeamin , Kudrat-E-Zahan Md. , Haque Md. Masuqul , Banu Laila Arjuman
Published: March 2020

New complexes of Cu (II) and Ni (II) of the Schiff Base, 2-(((2-((4-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)ethyl)imino)methyl) phenol were synthesized and characterized by analytical and  physico-chemical techniques including magnetic susceptibility, conductivity measurements, electronic and IR spectral studies. The infrared spectral studies revealed the tetra-dentate nature of the Schiff base in the complexes. On the basis of all characterizations, square- planar geometry has proposed for all the obtained complexes. The complexes showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation of Mn (II), Co (II) and Cu (II) Complexes of Schiff Base Derived from 3-aminophenol and Benzaldehyde
Authors: Adamu Usman Abubakar , Magaji Buhari , Ibrahim Muhammad Nazifi , Sani Mukhtar Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Schiff base was prepared by the condensation of 3-aminophenol and benzaldehyde in a 1:1 ratio and its complexes of Mn(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) were synthesized in a 1:2 ratio (Metal: Ligand) and the Schiff base and the complexes were characterized by using the different techniques. The infrared spectral data revealed that the Schiff base behaved as a bidentate ligand and the molar conductivity value indicated that the complexes were non-electrolytes. Furthermore, the in vitro antibacterial activity of the Schiff base and its complexes was evaluated against one gram-negative and one gram-positive bacteria to indicate that Mn (II) complex demonstrated a good broad-spectrum activity against all the tested bacterial strains.
Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Water from Cross River Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: A. Etuk, Bassey , S. Udiong, Daniel , E. Akpakpan, Aniekan
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of some trace metals in water from Cross River estuary (CRE) and estimate the human health risk associated with water from the estuary via ingestion pathway and dermal contact. The trace metals in water were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the human health risk assessment of the trace metals was carried out using models stipulated by United States environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The range for the results in mg/l was as follows: Pb (0.193- 0.632), Cd (0.118 - 1.084), Ni (0.048 -0.632), Fe (0.056 - 0.921), Zn ( 0.063 - 0.242), Cu(0.072 - 0.146). All the investigated metals were above the WHO limit except zinc and copper. The target hazard quotient (THQ) via ingestion pathway for Pb, Cd and Ni were higher than unity. Also, the hazard indices for all the investigated metals in all the study sites were higher than unity. The target hazard quotient and Hazard index via dermal pathway were less than one for all the metal investigated, except Cd at Ebughu. Regular monitoring and minimization of anthropogenic activities resulting in elevated metal concentration is recommended.
Effect of Plant Spacing to Growth and Yield of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Dwipa Indra , Karmaini Syafri , Suliansyah Irfan
Published: March 2020

Problem: Maize is one of important food for Indonesian people. The problem faced by Indonesian government is the maize is not sufficient to suffice the this country demand.

Aims: The research aimed to study the interaction between several hybrid maize varieties and plant spacing to growth and yield of hybrid maize

Study Design: Factorial design in randomized block design.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Siguntur, Sitiung 1, Dharmasraya, West Sumatra and Indonesia from April to July 2018.

Methodology: Factorial design in randomized block design with 2 factors was used in the assay. The first factor was hybrid maize varieties (Pioneer P35 and Pertiwi 3) and the second factor was planting space (75 cm x 20 cm, 75 cm x 30 cm and 75 cm x 40 cm). The data was analyzed by ANOVA.

Results: The result showed that no interaction between planting spacing and varieties to growth and yield of maize. The best hybrid maize variety for growth and yield was Pioneer 35. The best planting space for growth and yield was 75 cm x 20 cm.

Conclusion: The interaction between plant spacing and hybrid maize varieties did not affect the growth and yield of hybrid maize.

Recommendation: The further research are recommended to study the effect of plant spacing and hybrid maize to growth and yield of maize.
Motivational Factors in a Blended Learning Course When Teaching Students from Confucian-Heritage Culture
Authors: Chou Peter Tze-Ming
Published: March 2020

This study explores the attitudes of students with Confucian values toward blended learning classroom. In the Confucian learning culture, students are viewed as passive learners, reliant on rote memorization, assessment-driven, obedient to authority, and fearful of showing different opinions to the instructor. This style of learning is different than online learning, which encourages independence and require students to take greater responsibility for their own learning. This study comprised of 94 students who took a blended listening course in English from a medium-sized university in Southern Taiwan. A questionnaire was administered at the end of the course and it was found that the participants in this study demonstrated certain characteristics associated with the Confucian-heritage learning culture. Two important factors in helping students with Confucian values succeed in a blended classroom include classroom management and a user-friendly platform which reduces anxiety associated technology. The use of blended learning would be a good choice for such students because it offers a combination of the traditional classroom that students are used to for parts of the semester with the convenience of online learning for the other parts of the semester.
Domesticating Vigilantism in Ghana’s Fourth Republic: The Challenge Ahead
Authors: Asekere George
Published: March 2020

Political party vigilantism in Ghana has consistently been on the ascendency since the return to Constitutional rule in 1993. Their activities have usually been during and after elections across the country. By-elections in Atiwa, Akwatia, Chereponi, Talensi, Amenfi West and more recently Ayawaso West Wuogon, have all been marred by acts of violence. Ghana in 2017 recorded for the first time political party vigilante groups storming a courtroom in Kumasi and freeing some of their members standing trial after assaulting a regional security coordinator in the second largest region in the country – Ashanti region. The paper seeks to highlight the dangers inherent in this rather negative development which could reverse the gains Ghana has made in consolidating its democracy. The author relied on secondary data including relevant media publications and statements from civil society organizations, political parties and religious bodies on vigilantism in Ghana. Findings show that the seed of vigilantism has been sowed and allowed to be nurtured to the extent that the parties have taken uncompromising positions in ending the cancer because it borders on political power. A law has been passed but indications are that nothing much is changing. The National Peace Council has intervened yet there is no sign of lasting solution to the problem. The paper concludes that all stakeholders especially the civil society organizations and the religious bodies ought to be objective and bold to openly name and shame political parties whose members engage in negative acts of vigilantism and urge the masses to vote against such parties or else the phenomenon will persist and its ramifications will be disastrous.
Adsorption Potentials of Alfisol on Glyphosate and Cadmium Contaminants
Authors: Okanlawon F. B. , Awotoye O. O. , Ogunbamowo P. O.
Published: March 2020

Aims: This study aimed at demonstrating the adsorption capacity as well as the removal of glyphosate and cadmium unto Alfisols.

Place and Duration of Study: Research was carried out in Analytical Laboratory of Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The soil sample was collected from an undisturbed forest land, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methodology: The soil sample was air dried for 72 hours under ambient temperature and allowed to pass through 2 mm sieve before use. All solutions and soil dispersions were prepared using de-ionised water. The pH, organic carbon, particle size, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, available phosphorus and soil total nitrogen were all analysed for in the soil sample following the standard procedures likewise the cadmium and glyphosate adsorption/adsorbent studied.

Results: The pH of the soil is slightly acidic with high total organic carbon, while the cation exchange capacity is on the lower side. The textural class of the soil greatly influences its water retention capacity, thus the soil under study is predominantly sandy. A decrease in the equilibrium adsorption capacity was observed when the adsorbent dose was increased from 0.2 – 0.8 g however, with a sharp increase at a dose of 1 g.

An increase in the percentage cadmium removal was observed with increase in pH from 48.80% to a maximum of 91.10% at neutral pH. The result also indicates that increasing the initial concentration of the cadmium ions and glyphosate lead to an increase in the uptake capacity of the soil for both adsorbate. At higher ionic strength of 0.1 M, the peak removal was obtained at initial concentration of 10 ppm which eventually attains equilibrium at other concentration level.

Conclusion: Alfisol can therefore concluded to be an adsorbent provided some conditions like a low cadmium concentration, a neutral pH and a higher adsorbent dosage are adhere too. While glyphosate removal, a pH of 5 and higher ionic strength of KNO3. is required.
Mitigation of Interference in Impressed Current Cathodic Protection
Authors: Okunoye Adeoye I. , Briggs Tobinson A.
Published: March 2020

This paper considers the strategies for the mitigation of the interference of Stray Current (SC) on Impressed Current Cathodic Protection of the American Petroleum Institute specification API 5L grade B pipeline carrying liquefied gas. SC shifts cathodic protection from its designated negative value, and hence expose the pipeline to corrosion. A model for SC was developed and then applied in MATLAB. From the given conditions of operation, an SC of 0.74 mA was obtained, with parametric simulation indicating a rise in SC as anode current output rises. On the other hand, the consequence of the distance of different pipeline from the ground level shows an inverse relationship, which is attributed to the resistance offered by the ground. In order to mitigate the influence of SC interference, two methods have been proposed in this study, the first being anode current reduction or source removal and the second option is increasing distance from the ground bed. To effectively mitigate against the stray current, the pipeline should be sufficiently buried over a distance of 5 m away from the ground bed, while the anode current should be operated as low as 3.5 mA, or better still the interfering source should be removed on the ground that the interfering source was installed after the installation of the protected pipeline.
Acute Oral Toxicity of a Herbal Gut Function Modulator
Authors: Hajare Sunil , Ingole Ranjit Suresh , . Sunidhi , Kotagiri Ravikanth , Ganguly Bhaskar
Published: March 2020

The current study was designed to evaluate the acute oral toxicity potential of AV/AGP/30 (M/s Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, India) according to OECD 423 guidelines. AV/AGP/30 is a polyherbal gut function modulator in swine and poultry. Nine female Swiss albino mice were used for the study. Each animal served as its own control. Following the oral administration of the test substance, the animals were observed for manifestation of toxic effects and deaths. No toxic effects or mortalities were observed. The estimation of biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, ALP and creatinine) and histopathological studies also did not reveal any significant findings. Hence, AV/AGP/30 was found to be safe for use.
Effect of Soybean, Sorghum and African Breadfruit Flours on the Proximate Composition and Sensory Properties of Chin-Chin
Authors: Ugwuanyi Ruth Ginika , Eze John Ikechukwu , Okoye Ebele Christiana
Published: March 2020

This work investigated the proximate and sensory properties of chin-chin from the flour blends of wheat, African breadfruit, soybean, and sorghum. Chin-chin was produced from the blends of wheat: African breadfruit (BWF), wheat: soybean (SWF) and wheat: sorghum (SGW) in the ratios of 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 for each blend and coded as BWF1, BWF2, BWF3 and SWF1, SWF2, SWF3 and SGW1, SGW2, SGW3 respectively. The control was 100% wheat flour (100:0) coded as WF. The proximate composition and sensory properties were determined. The results obtained show that partial substitution of wheat flour with breadfruit, soybean and sorghum flours caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the proximate composition of the samples. The crude protein content of samples BWF, SWF and SGW ranged from 15.73 to 19.34%, 19.2 to 24.62% and 9.11 to 10.73% respectively. The ash content of the samples ranged from 0.68 to 1.27%, 0.95 to 2.16% and 1.06 to 1.26% respectively and the crude fiber content ranged from 0.42 to 0.91%, 0.25 to 0.91% and 0.43 to 3.73% respectively. While the control sample (WF) had 13.08% of protein, 1.96% of ash and 0.80% of crude fiber. In terms of the overall acceptability, the control sample (WF) had the highest score (8.10) when compared with fortified samples followed by BWF3 (7.00). Although the control sample (WF) had the least nutrient contents compared to the fortified samples, yet, it was the most preferred by the panelists.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Salahuddin
Published: March 2020

Many details of the emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus infection such as its origin, spread, epidemiology, full spectrum of clinical illness, treatment and mortality rate has not been clearly defined. This review focuses the epidemiological evidences, clinical manifestations, investigations and treatment provided to the admitted cases of the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in various hospitals of Wuhan city and other regions in China. Information have been gathered mainly from relevant researches and papers that were published recently. Clinical manifestations included fever, non-productive cough, dyspnoea, myalgia, fatigue, radiographic manifestations of pneumonia and detection of the novel virus by RT-PCR method. Some patients rapidly developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory failure, and other serious complications with fatal outcomes. There are neither vaccines nor effective treatments for the disease caused by the virus, but efforts are typically confined to symptomatic and supportive management. Antivirals and corticosteroids were used in severe illness but had no effective outcome.
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Depletes Some Antioxidant Parameters and Increases Free Radical Generation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Iorjiim Walter Mdekera , Omale Simeon , Bagu Great David , Gyang Steven Samuel , Alemika Emmanuel Taiwo , Etuh Monday Alexander
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study intended to evaluate the toxic effects of Efavirenz-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (EFVb-HAART) on some antioxidant parameters, and free radical generation in D. melanogaster.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria, in 2019. Sixty (60)                        D. melanogaster (both sexes) 1-4 days old were exposed by ingestion to graded concentrations of EFVb-HAART (93.11 mg, 46.56 mg, 23.28 mg, 11.64 mg) or 1000 mL distilled water (control) each per 10 g fly food for five days. All concentrations were diluted with 1000 mL distilled water and incorporated in cold fly food in five replicates. Treated flies were anesthetized under ice, homogenized, centrifuged, and the supernatant used to assay for Total protein, Total thiol, Glutathione-S-transferase, Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, and Malondialdehyde levels. Statistical significance was accepted at P< 0.05.

Results: The result showed significantly (P<0.05) increased total protein (1.05±0.0 - 1.34±0.12 Vs. 0.56±0.14 mg/ml) and Malondialdehyde levels (1.63±0.20 – 3.72±0.53 Vs. 0.79±0.10 units/mg protein) in all tested groups versus unexposed. Conversely, Total thiol content (1.96±0.33-0.38±0.10 Vs. 5.31±0.31 units/mg protein) Glutathione-S-transferase (2.20±0.30-1.01±0.27 Vs. 4.31±0.24 units/mg protein), Catalase (171.70±50.13-104.34±9.56 Vs. 368.00±7.56 units/mg protein) and Superoxide dismutase (3.18±0.29-1.44±23 Vs. 5.34±1.35 units/mg protein) activities all decreased significantly (P<0.05) as concentrations increased in all test groups versus unexposed.

Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that the mechanism of EFVb-HAART toxicity involves sterile immune response observed as increased protein contents, oxidative stress evidenced by depleted oxidative stress-antioxidant parameters, and possible free radical generation shown by increased malondialdehyde levels. Human-based studies are required for deeper understanding of these EFVb-HAART toxicities.
Optimization of Zinc and Boron Levels for Better Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Mallick Supti , Zakir H. M. , Alam M. S.
Published: March 2020

A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period of November, 2017 to March, 2018 to optimize different levels of Zn and B for better growth and yield attributes of tomato (cv. Ruma VF). The experiment included two factors [factor- A viz., control (Zn0 ), Zn @ 4.0 kg ha-1 (Zn4),  Zn @ 6.0 kg ha-1 (Zn6) and Zn @ 8.0 kg ha-1 (Zn8) and factor B viz., control (B0), B @ 2.0 kg ha-1 (B2) and B @ 3.0 kg ha-1 (B3)], which was laid out in a completely randomized block design with 4 replications, thus total number of pots were 48. Zinc sulphate and boric acid were applied as the source of Zn and B that were applied during pot preparation along with recommended doses of N, P, K and S. The study revealed that application of different doses of Zn increased number of flower clusters plant-1 at 80 days after transplanting, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1 and yield of tomato up to 4.0 kg ha-1. Similarly, application of B @ 2.0 kg ha-1 produced the highest number of flower clusters plant-1, fruit length and fruit diameter. On the other hand, the highest number of fruits plant-1 and yield of tomato were obtained by the application of B @ 3.0 kg ha-1 which was statistically similar to the application of B @ 2.0 kg ha-1. Combined application of Zn and B, @ 4.0 and 2.0 kg ha-1, respectively appeared as the best practice for better growth and yield of tomato, and therefore it may be recommended to boost up tomato productivity.
Improving Biology Students’ Interest and Achievement through Collaborative Instructional Strategy
Authors: O. Onu, William , J. Anyaegbunam, Ngozi , U. Uzoigwe, Anthony
Published: March 2020

Aims: The study was designed to determine the effect of collaborative instructional strategy in improving students’ interest and achievement in Biology.

Study Design: The study was adopted quasi-experimental research design and was conducted in Obollo-Afor education zone.

Place and Duration: The study was conducted in Obollo-Afor education zone of Enugu state and spanned 7 months, between October 2018 to May 2019.

Methodology: Population of the study comprised of 1,691 SSI Biology students, from where a sample of 200 students from six (6) intact classes was sampled using multi-stage sampling procedure, to take part in the study. Biology achievement test and Biology interest inventory were instruments used to collect data for the study. Data were analysed using mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA.

Results: Findings revealed that students taught Biology using collaborative instructional strategy had better achievement and interest ratings, than those taught with the conventional method, female Biology students have slightly better interest and achievement that male Biology students when taught with collaborative instructional strategy and the interaction effect of gender and instructional method on achievement is significant. 

Conclusion: The study concludes that considering the ability of the collaborative instructional strategy to improve interest and achievement in Biology, it should be adopted as a method of teaching the subject in Nigerian secondary schools.
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: BANKS’ RISK AS THE MEDIATING VARIABLE
Authors: Cahyaningrum Anastasia Dian , Atahau Apriani Dorkas Rambu
Published: March 2020

This study seeks to investigate the impact of intellectual capital on banks’ financial performance with banks’ risks as the intervening variable. By using the purposive sampling technique, we selected 30 sample firms from publicly listed Indonesian banks in 2015–2017. This study generated the research data from banks’ financial statements in those years. We then analyzed our data by using the Partial Least Square. The results demonstrate that banks’ risks do not mediate the relationship between intellectual capital and banks’ financial performance. Meanwhile, intellectual capital negatively affects operational risk and market risk. In addition, credit risk negatively affects banks’ financial performance, and liquidity risk negatively affects banks’ financial performance. Lastly, intellectual capital does not affect banks’ financial per­form­ance.
Resguardo de mulheres da etnia Kambiwá: cuidados culturais
Authors: Silva Leonildo Severino , Nascimento Enilda Rosendo
Published: March 2020

Objetivamos descrever os cuidados culturais no pós-parto de mulheres da etnia Kambiwá. Utilizou-se da etnoenfermagem, como proposta metodológica e da Teoria Transcultural do Cuidado. A pesquisa atendeu recomendações éticas na qual participaram 20 mulheres indígenas da etnia Kambiwá, aldeadas em Ibimirim, Pernambuco. O pós-parto (resguardo) é cercado por cuidados dirigidos à higiene pessoal, segundo um “ritual” que inclui: tempo determinado para a lavagem da cabeça, e a genitália; uso de fitoterápicos na forma de infusões autoadministradas em banhos de assento para limpar o útero; ingestão de chás; restrição de atividades físicas e laborais, com consequente delegação desse trabalho doméstico a parentes e manejo das mamas para evitar complicações, ou interromper a lactogênese em caso de morte neonatal, inscritas em práticas ritualísticas e simbólicas. O resguardo das mulheres indígenas Kambiwá inclui práticas de autocuidado que as empodera de um saber cultural, transmitido transgeracionalmente na manutenção das condições de saúde e valores próprios.
Para Pensar o Exercício da Paternidade: contribuições a partir de uma pesquisa sobre guarda compartilhada
Authors: Martins Laura Hêmilly Campos , Osterne Maria do Socorro Ferreira
Published: March 2020

Este artigo tem por base o estudo da condição paterna à luz da utilização compulsória do modelo compartilhado de guarda, medida aplicada no Brasil com a sanção da Lei n° 13.058/14. A partir das demandas em tramitação no Fórum Clóvis Beviláqua em Fortaleza, o objetivo foi adentrar nas narrativas para compreender de que forma os homens vivenciam a paternidade na dinâmica do compartilhamento da guarda. Caracteriza-se como um estudo de natureza qualitativa referenciado em entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com seis pais. A principal conclusão foi que os entrevistados estão em processo de conhecer e reconhecer a lei que trata da aplicação compulsória da guarda, sendo o caráter impositivo da modalidade não tão relevante. Nesse ínterim, estão vivenciando um estreitamento nos laços de afeto e convivência com os filhos. 
Percepções de mulheres sobre o momento do parto e a assistência obstétrica recebida
Authors: Benincasa Miria , Navarro Adriana , Bettiol Neliane Lazarini de Sousa , Heleno Maria Geralda Viana
Published: March 2020

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a percepção de mulheres primíparas, com gestação de baixo risco sobre à assistência recebida e a experiência de trabalho de parto e pós-parto imediato. A amostra foi composta de 90 mulheres e os dados coletados por meio de entrevistas, que foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo, que gerou cinco categorias. Três apriorísticas que são: – intervenções durante o parto; sentimentos vivenciados durante o trabalho de parto, pós-parto imediato e relacionamento com a equipe. E duas que emergiram da análise dos dados: violência obstétrica percebida e violência obstétrica não percebida. Os resultados demonstraram que a forma de a mulher perceber seu trabalho de parto e pós-parto imediato está intimamente associada ao modelo de assistência oferecida durante este processo. As participantes que optaram pelo Parto Humanizado revelaram sentimentos de gratidão, superação e transformação positiva. Este fato não foi verificado em nenhum outro modelo de assistência. Aquelas que experienciaram a Cesárea Eletiva ou Violência Obstétrica não vivenciaram o trabalho de parto e manifestaram afeto em relação à equipe apenas durante o momento de encontro com o bebe.  Estas mulheres que foram vítimas de Violência Obstrética relataram indignação, revolta e desejo de vingança. Sugere-se estudos longitudinais que investiguem os prejuízos e benefícios destas manifestações afetivas intensas na identidade materna e no vínculo com o bebê.
Uma breve passagem dos Direitos Reprodutivos e Sexuais a partir da Maternidade encarcerada na Unidade Materno Infantil – RJ
Authors: Sales Letícia
Published: March 2020

Este presente artigo resulta de um dos capítulos da minha dissertação e apresentará breves questões do surgimento dos direitos reprodutivos e sexuais e como estes foram vistos numa ideia de “boa maternidade” relacionado a “autonomia feminina”, bem como estes direitos são pensados no cenário das mulheres mães presas que se encontram na Unidade Materno Infantil no Rio de Janeiro.
Esterilização da autonomia: estudo crítico a respeito da lei n° 9.263/12/1996 e a medicalização dos corpos
Authors: Arraes Peixoto Rocha Maria Clara
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho propõe-se a tencionar a lei que trata do planejamento familiar e a esterilização voluntária, lei n° 9.263/12/96, na qual a legislação afirma que a realização do procedimento cirúrgico só é permitida por pessoas com capacidade civil plena e maiores de vinte e cinco anos ou, pelo menos, com dois filhos vivos, e na vigência de sociedade conjugal, a esterilização subordina-se da aprovação expressa de ambos os cônjuges. Em virtude disso, a questão deste estudo pretende focalizar nos questionamentos que correspondem à vida reprodutiva das mulheres, refletindo desse modo na sua liberdade decisória sobre o próprio corpo, seus direitos civis e sociais. Desse modo, a pesquisa qualitativa se utilizou de análises bibliográficas e documentais, como a averiguação da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n° 5.097, com intuito de levantar discussões e esclarecimentos no que tange as teorias de planejamento familiar, heteronormatividade, relações entre corpo e poder, além das hipóteses relacionadas às concepções da imagética da figura feminina ser associada à maternidade compulsória. No intuito de denotar que esse dispositivo legal obstaculiza inúmeras mulheres de dispor desse método contraceptivo, ocasionando em muitos casos em gravidezes indesejadas. As circunstâncias e motivações do estudo se consistem numa sequência de situações, fatos e/ou ações que, envolvem as vivências e lutas das mulheres por tratamento igualitário no ordenamento civil, evidenciando-se assim, urgente e necessária atenção ao tema.
Neurological manifestations of Erdheim–Chester Disease
Authors: Boyd Louisa C. , O’Brien Kevin J. , Ozkaya Neval , Lehky Tanya , Meoded Avner , Gochuico Bernadette R. , Hannah‐Shmouni Fady , Nath Avindra , Toro Camilo , Gahl William A. , Estrada‐Veras Juvianee I. , Dave Rahul H.
Published: March 2020

Objective

To characterize the spectrum of neurologic involvement in Erdheim–Chester Disease (ECD), a treatable inflammatory neoplasm of histiocytes.

Methods

Sixty‐two patients with ECD were prospectively enrolled in a natural history study that facilitated collection of clinical, imaging, laboratory, neurophysiologic, and pathologic data.

Results

Ninety‐four percent of the patients had neurologic abnormalities on examination or imaging, and 22% had neurologic symptoms as the initial presentation of ECD. The most common neurologic findings were cognitive impairment, peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal tract signs, cranial nerve involvement, and cerebellar ataxia. Imaging revealed atrophy and demyelination along with focal lesions that were located throughout the nervous system, dura, and extra‐axial structures. The BRAF V600E variant correlated with cerebral atrophy. Brain pathology revealed lipid‐laden, phagocytic macrophages (histiocytes) accompanied by demyelination and axonal degeneration.

Interpretation

In patients with ECD, neurologic morbidity is common and contributes significantly to disability. Since neurologic symptoms can be the presenting feature of ECD and, given the mean delay in ECD diagnosis is 4.2 years, it is critical that neurologists consider of ECD and other histiocytosis in patients with inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic‐appearing white matter. Furthermore, given the broad spectrum of neurologic involvement, neurologists have an important role in a team of specialists treating ECD patients.
Designing Stimuli‐Responsive Upconversion Nanoparticles that Exploit the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Ovais Muhammad , Mukherjee Sudip , Pramanik Arindam , Das Devlina , Mukherjee Anubhab , Raza Abida , Chen Chunying
Published: March 2020

Tailoring personalized cancer nanomedicines demands detailed understanding of the tumor microenvironment. In recent years, smart upconversion nanoparticles with the ability to exploit the unique characteristics of the tumor microenvironment for precise targeting have been designed. To activate upconversion nanoparticles, various bio‐physicochemical characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, namely, acidic pH, redox reactants, and hypoxia, are exploited. Stimuli‐responsive upconversion nanoparticles also utilize the excessive presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), riboflavin, and Zn2+ in tumors. An overview of the design of stimulus‐responsive upconversion nanoparticles that precisely target and respond to tumors via targeting the tumor microenvironment and intracellular signals is provided. Detailed understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the personalized design of upconversion nanoparticles will result in more effective clinical translation.
Pneumatic Conveying Printing Based on Super Hydrophobic Surface
Authors: Li Dege , Cao Yi , Dong Hang , Wu Xinlei , Sun Qiang , Ma Chi , Huang Bingfang , Rastgar Shokoufeh , Wittstock Gunther , Liu Yonghong , Zhang Yanzhen
Published: March 2020

In today's era, the inkjet printing (IJP) technique plays important roles in the fabrication of mechanical, electronical, and even biological devices. However, the current IJP techniques are incapable of handling viscous inks, which greatly hinder the extensive industrial application. Here, it is found that utilizing the superhydrophobic materials on the end surface of a nozzle combined with the dragging and shearing effects of an airflow, micrometer‐sized droplets can be generated under a quite low ejection/extrusion pressure. This variation of the traditional IJP technique is called pneumatic conveying printing (PCP) and is capable of handling viscous inks. Two PCP prototypes using micropump and micropiezo as the ink extruder, respectively, are homemade to demonstrate the printing performance. For the PCP using micropump inks with viscosities as high as several thousand mPa s can be printed. For the PCP using a micropiezo, the maximum allowed viscosity is about 700 mPa s. Furthermore, the pressure within the pipeline or ink chamber and the shear rate at the orifice during PCP are much smaller than those of the traditional IJP due to the slower ink extrusion rate. Both experiment and simulation are carried out to reveal the mechanisms of the proposed PCP technique.