bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of MAO and COMT by Hypericum Extracts and Hypericin
Authors: Thiede H.-M. , Walper A.
Published: September 2017

The influence of hypericin, hypericum total extract, and hypericum fractions on the activity of MAO and COMT, prepared in vitro from pork liver, were investigated in several concentration steps. An inhibition of MAO could be shown in the following concentrations (extract correlated to a mean molecular value of 500): hypericin to 10-3 mol/ L, hypericum total extract to 10-4 mol/L, one extract fraction up to 10-5. A COMT inhibition could not be shown for hypericin, with hypericum extract to 10-4 mol/L and with two extract fractions also up to 10-4 mol/L. The MAO inhibiting fraction contained hypericins as well as flavonols, the COMT-inhibition fraction being mainly flavonols and xanthones. The concentrations of inhibition shown might not be sufficient to explain the clinically proven antidepressive effect of hypericum particularly with regard to the inhibition of MAO activity.
Diagnostic tests and specimens used to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis in genitourinary medicine clinics in the United Kingdom
Authors: David L M
Published: September 2017

This questionnaire study looked at the diagnostics tests and specimens used to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis in UK genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics. Replies were received from 70% (185/265) of clinics. Half used only one site to screen women. One-third took anal swabs from patients who had anal sex and 10% took oropharyngeal swabs from patients who had oral sex.

Immunoassays were used to screen men for chlamydia in 86% of the clinics and women in 88%. Only 60% of male and 62% of female immunoassays were supplemented by a second test. Six per cent of clinics used molecular technique (MT) to screen men and 4% to screen women and 4% were trying to acquire it.

Culture was not available to 58% of clinics. MT was not available to 81%, 89% of which was due to non provision locally and/or cost. Only 7% of clinicians thought that using MT for screening was unnecessary. There were significant differences in the availability of the technique between large academic and small clinics. A national review of GUM strategies to screen for C. trachomatis with adequate funding is urgently needed.
Contact tracing for gonorrhoea in homosexual and heterosexual men
Authors: Rogstad K E , Clementson C , Ahmed-Jushuf I H
Published: September 2017

We aimed to determine whether the success of partner notification for gonorrhoea in men was affected by sexual orientation.

Analysis of standard clinic and health adviser records of all male patients found to be infected with gonorrhoea between October 1992 and September 1993 were carried out. Of the 278 cases of gonorrhoea in men, 9% (25) were acquired through homosexual intercourse and 91% (253) by heterosexual contact. Fifteen per cent (24) of Caucasians were homosexual but only 0.9% (1) of Afro-Caribbeans were. The mean number of contacts was 1.36 for homosexuals and 1.38 for heterosexuals. Contact information was given by 55% of heterosexuals and 48% of homosexuals. The proportion of acknowledged contacts attending was 38% for homosexuals and 56% for heterosexuals (P=0.054). Fifty-two per cent of homosexuals and 59% of heterosexuals had at least one contact attend. Data analysis on Caucasians only showed Caucasian gay men had a higher mean number of contacts (1.38) than Caucasian heterosexuals (1.28). Caucasian homosexuals had a lower proportion of contacts attending (40% vs 77%) (P=0.05), 54% of homosexual men and 60% of heterosexual men had at least one contact attending (P=0.74).

There is a trend for partner notification to be less successful in homosexual men when all ethnic groups are considered together. In Caucasian men with gonorrhoea, homosexuals have a greater number of partners than heterosexuals and have a lower proportion of total contacts attending but there is no difference in the proportion having at least one contact attending. Data on sexual orientation and ethnicity should be reported in studies assessing efficacy of contact tracing.
Male polyurethane condoms do not enhance brief HIV-STD risk reduction interventions for heterosexually active men: results from a randomized test of concept
Authors: Kalichman Seth C , Cherry Charsey
Published: September 2017

The current study examined the effects of a brief HIV risk reduction intervention for men. Participants were recruited (n=108) from an urban public health clinic and randomly assigned to one of 3 experimental intervention conditions: (1) 3 h HIV-STD risk reduction behavioural skills building latex condom intervention; (2) the same 3 h skills workshop but focused on male polyurethane condoms; or (3) a 3 h HIV education workshop. Results showed all 3 interventions increased AIDS knowledge and positively influenced attitudes, but men who received the polyurethane condom skills intervention were more likely to request condoms at follow ups. In addition, men who received either of the 2 skills interventions evidenced increased condom use at the one-month follow up, with no differences at 3-month follow up. This study is among the first to test a brief HIV risk reduction intervention for men and is the first to test whether polyurethane male condoms enhance HIV risk reduction efforts.
Evaluating a Psychoeducational Sexual Assault Prevention Program Incorporating Theatrical Presentation, Peer Education, and Social Work
Authors: Black Beverly , Weisz Arlene , Coats Suzanne , Patterson Debra
Published: September 2017

Objective

A theatrical sexual assault prevention program presented by social work students on an urban university campus was evaluated to assess its influence on attitude change of audience attendees.

Method

A quasi-experimental pretest, posttest, follow-up group design using a sample of 100 participants and a comparison group of 64 was implemented to evaluate the program's effectiveness.

Results

Posttest mean scores were significantly lower than pretest mean scores on the Rape Myth Acceptance Scale. Follow-up scores on two of the four subscales were significantly lower than pretest scores.

Conclusion

Integrating the disciplines of theater, education, and social work for prevention programming may influence attitudes and contribute to the maintenance of attitude change on some aspects of beliefs related to sexual assault.
The Development of a High-Intensity Parent Training Program for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Child Conduct Problems
Authors: O'reilly Dermot , Dillenburger Karola
Published: September 2017

Objective

A home-based parent training program for the treatment of moderate to severe conduct problems was developed in two stages.

Method

Study 1, a case study, examined the inverse covariation between child compliance to parental instruction and aversive responding. Study 2, which used a multiple-baseline-across-subjects experimental design with two families, examined the effectiveness of a multicomponent treatment strategy for the reduction of aversive child behavior. Treatment was conducted as in Study 1 with the addition of high-intensity training in a time-out procedure. Direct observations of parent and child behavior were conducted in the home setting.

Results

Study 1 demonstrated the inverse covariation effect. Study 2 demonstrated significant treatment gains in parent and child behaviors in both training and test settings, which were maintained at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions

A home-based parent training program that includes high-intensity training in time-out is an effective treatment method for moderate to severe child conduct problems.
Vortex-induced vibration analysis of viscoelastically mounted rigid circular cylinders in cross-flow at a moderate Reynolds number
Authors: de Lima A.M.G. , da Cunha B.S.C. , da Silva A.R. , Rodovalho L.F.F.
Published: September 2017

The vortex-induced vibrations may have disastrous effects in engineering practice, affecting significantly the durability, reliability and safety of engineering structures. This is a reason for which a great deal of effort has been dedicated to the proposition of control strategies to deal with the vortex-induced vibration problem. However, few works have proposed the use of viscoelastic materials to suppress the vibrations induced by vortex shedding, which motivates the present study. Here, the immersed boundary method combined with the virtual physical model is used to investigate the dynamics of a viscoelastically-mounted rigid cylinder in a fluid flow under transverse oscillations induced by vortex shedding. A straightforward time-domain modeling procedure of immersed viscoelastic system by using a four-parameter fractional derivative model is proposed. After the theoretical aspects, numerical tests are performed to investigate the vortex-induced oscillations and flow characteristics of the immersed viscoelastic system at Reynolds number 10,000 for a range of reduced velocity and temperature for two values of mass ratios. The results demonstrate the interest in using viscoelastic materials to mitigate the vortex-induced vibrations.
Affects and politics in classroom: A group-based approach to education
Authors: Janvier Antoine , Wustefeld Sophie
Published: September 2017

Group dynamics in the classroom are a fundamental aspect of learning which, it is argued here, has not received sufficient academic interest. Increasingly, however, research on critical and alternative pedagogy is concerned with exploring the benefits of collaborative learning. This paper recalls the insights of two streams of French institutional pedagogy from the 1960s: the clinical and political dimensions of learning, and the benefits of group-based approaches in education. These pedagogies, based on structural analysis of relationships in the classroom, explore first how teachers’ and learners’ hierarchical relationships to knowledge impede exchange and communication in traditional pedagogies; and, second, how the teacher’s traditional stance in the classroom tends to reinforce psychological stress in learners by placing the teacher as a new parental figure. Both pedagogies introduce mediations or techniques inspired by Freinet, such as the learners’ council, which disrupt hierarchies in the classroom. These mediations enable learners to overcome their mental and affective blocks and become active agents of their individual and collective learning processes.
Peri-ictal Prone Position Is Associated With Independent Risk Factors For Sudden Unexpected Death In Epilepsy: A Controlled Video-EEG Monitoring Unit Study
Authors: Oguz Akarsu Emel , Şahin Erdi , Ozel Yildiz Sevda , Bebek Nerses , Gürses Candan , Baykan Betül
Published: September 2017

Introduction. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of death in patients with chronic drug-resistant epilepsy, and peri-ictal prone position has been elucidated as a risk factor for SUDEP. We aimed to investigate consecutive patients in peri-ictal prone positions in our video EEG monitoring (VEM) unit and compare patients with and without peri-ictal prone position to emphasize its relationship with other independent risk factors for SUDEP. Methods. We retrospectively screened all patients with peri-ictal prone position who underwent VEM for a 10-year period and these patients constituted the prone (+) group. All patients without peri-ictal prone position who underwent VEM in the past 2 years constituted the prone (−) control group. Sequences of peri-ictal positions and interventions were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory features and SUDEP-7 scores were compared between the groups. Results. A total of 21 seizures were identified with peri-ictal prone position from 16 patients. SUDEP-7 scores were significantly higher in the prone (+) group. Longer duration of epilepsy, early age at seizure onset, mental retardation, and frequency of seizures of any type (>50 seizures per month for the past year) were found significantly different between the prone (+) and prone (−) groups. Conclusion. Peri-ictal prone position in the VEM unit may relate with other independent risk factors of SUDEP, especially with mental retardation. Nocturnal supervision becomes important to reduce SUDEP risk, especially in patients with mental retardation.
Hannah and her sisters: Theorizing gender and leadership through the lens of feminist phenomenology
Authors: Gardiner Rita A.
Published: September 2017

This article explores how feminist phenomenology can add conceptual richness to gender and leadership theorizing. Although some leadership scholars engage with phenomenological and existential inquiry, feminist phenomenology receives far less attention. By addressing this critical gap in the scholarship, this article illustrates how feminist phenomenology can enrich gender and leadership scholarship. Specifically, by engaging with the work of four women existential phenomenologists – Hannah Arendt, Simone de Beauvoir, Iris Marion Young, and Sara Ahmed – the rich diversity of phenomenological inquiry is explored. First, Arendt shows the benefits of conceptualizing leadership as collective action, rather than as concentrated in one person, or organization. Second, Beauvoir highlights how women’s situation, and potential, is affected negatively by gender hierarchy. Third, Young builds on Beauvoir’s work by exploring the ways in which female modality is limited by the social construction of gender. Finally, Ahmed takes phenomenology in a queer direction, showing how normative ways of thinking about sexuality are limiting to those who do not fit the dominant, familiar pattern. As well, the merits and limitations of feminist phenomenology are explored as they relate to gender and leadership theorizing, and suggestions for future research are made.
Right-to-Try Investigational Therapies for Incurable Disorders
Authors: Simmons Zachary
Published: September 2017

Patients with life-threatening disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, for which only minimally effective medical therapies currently exist, often seek treatments not proven to be effective and not approved by regulatory agencies for use outside of experimental treatment trials. The expanded access (compassionate use) provisions of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for access to such therapies are often perceived as being inadequate. In response, states have passed right-to-try laws designed to improve access to experimental therapies for patients willing to assume the risks associated with such treatments. This situation has resulted in conflicts between those who perceive access to such treatments as their right as autonomous individuals and those who believe that the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence justify actions of physicians and regulators in controlling access to such treatments. A variety of factors also contribute to the inequitable distribution of such treatments. Better systems are needed to improve access to promising new treatments while protecting these vulnerable patients from the abuses associated with human research in the preregulatory era.
General Approach to Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Authors: Russell James A.
Published: September 2017

Purpose of Review: This article provides a conceptual framework for the evaluation of patients with suspected polyneuropathy to enhance the clinician’s ability to localize and confirm peripheral nervous system pathology and, when possible, identify an etiologic diagnosis through use of rational clinical and judicious testing strategies.

Recent Findings: Although these strategies are largely time-honored, recent insights pertaining to the pathophysiology of certain immune-mediated neuropathies and to evolving genetic testing strategies may modify the way that select causes of neuropathy are conceptualized, evaluated, and managed.

Summary: The strategies suggested in this article are intended to facilitate accurate bedside diagnosis in patients with suspected polyneuropathy and allow efficient and judicious use of supplementary testing and application of rational treatment when indicated.
Operationalizing Basic Research and Scholarship by the Office of Naval Research: A System-of-Systems Approach for the Military Acquisition and Application of Knowledge
Authors: Balaban Carey D. , Yankaskas Kurt D.
Published: September 2017

This essay explores the process of the acquisition and application of knowledge by the Department of Defense (DoD) of the United States of America, based upon policies and practices of the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The ONR's “Systems-of-Systems” approach organizes the academic, private, and military sectors to meet critical operational needs over a twenty-year horizon. We describe the frameworks for organizing the interplay of different sectors and stakeholders in knowledge acquisition, knowledge application, and the production of operational deliverables for projected needs. It is often not appreciated that the ONR prioritizes development of innovative fundamental research, which is often interdisciplinary. Nearly sixty Nobel Laureates have contributed to these endeavors, including thirty-seven laureates since 1980. ONR-supported fundamental research has been a sustainable process for fostering scientific advances and selective production of state-of-the-art deliverables that support military operational needs, often with collateral significant benefits to the civilian sector.
Deconstruction of Violence
Authors: Eiland Howard
Published: September 2017

This article analyzes Benjamin's enigmatic essay of 1921, “Critique of Violence,” together with related fragmentary writings from the postwar period (including the “Theological-Political Fragment”) and, from 1931, “The Destructive Character.” Benjamin's deconstruction of violence (Abbau der Gewalt) is seen in the context of phenomenology. In addition, texts by Hermann Cohen and Georges Sorel are studied as principal sources, and critical commentaries by Herbert Marcuse, Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, and Werner Hamacher are discussed. Violence is considered an essentially moral phenomenon, a function of human actions and intentions; strictly speaking, there is no natural violence. The critique of violence itself bespeaks a kind of violence. Benjamin's critique of the reifying “mythic violence” that founds and administers the law presupposes an expiatory “divine violence” that reveals myth as such and thereby opens the possibility of justice beyond law and beyond the myth of possession fundamental to positive law and knowledge, including mathematized and strategically militarized knowledge.
Technologies of Experience: Harun Farocki's Serious Games and Military Aesthetics
Authors: Engberg-Pedersen Anders
Published: September 2017

In the twenty-first century, warfare has increasingly become pervaded by fictions. Using carefully crafted virtual worlds to train, prepare, and process military engagements, the US military has co-opted and militarized a field that one does not usually associate with war—the field of aesthetics. This essay considers Harun Farocki's installation Serious Games as an index into the emergence of a newfangled military aesthetic regime. Charting the institutional collaborations between the military and the creative industries in the twenty-first century, the essay examines what happens to the notion of “experience” with the emergence of immersive virtual reality technologies. Revisiting central thinkers in philosophical aesthetics as well as a key moment in the history of war and technology, namely, the invention of the modern war game around 1800, the essay outlines the recent merger of war and aesthetics and draws out some of the consequences for our understanding of contemporary warfare.
Defensive Investments and the Demand for Air Quality: Evidence from the NOx Budget Program
Authors: Deschênes Olivier , Greenstone Michael , Shapiro Joseph S.
Published: September 2017

The demand for air quality depends on health impacts and defensive investments, but little research assesses the empirical importance of defenses. A rich quasi-experiment suggests that the Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Budget Program (NBP), a cap-and-trade market, decreased NOx emissions, ambient ozone concentrations, pharmaceutical expenditures, and mortality rates. The annual reductions in pharmaceutical purchases, a key defensive investment, and mortality are valued at about $800 million and $1.3 billion, respectively, suggesting that defenses are over one-third of willingness-to-pay for reductions in NOx emissions. Further, estimates indicate that the NBP's benefits easily exceed its costs and that NOx reductions have substantial benefits. (JEL I12, Q51, Q53, Q58)
Drama as a community engagement strategy for malaria in rural Cambodia
Authors: Lim Renly , Tripura Rupam , J Peto Thomas , Sareth Ma , Sanann Nou , Davoeung Chan , Nguon Chea , Cheah Phaik Yeong
Published: September 2017

Background: Countries in Southeast Asia are working to eliminate multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria, a major cause of mortality in tropical regions. Malaria is declining but transmission persists in many rural areas and among forest workers and isolated populations. In these remote communities, conventional health services and education are limited. Mobilising and educating these populations require new approaches as many people are illiterate and do not attend village meetings. This article describes a qualitative study to assess the feasibility of a drama project as a community engagement strategy.

Methods: A drama project was conducted in twenty villages in Cambodia with three key messages: to use insecticide-treated bednets and repellents, to get early diagnosis and treatment, and to learn about risks of forest-acquired malaria. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the drama team members, village malaria workers, local health staffs and villagers, to explore the feasibility of using drama to engage the community and the associated challenges.

Results: 29 people were interviewed, which included 18 semi-structured interviews and one focus group discussion. Analysis of the interviews resulted in development of the following seven themes: i) exposure to malaria and engagement activities, ii) readiness and barriers to participation, iii) understanding and learning about malaria using drama, iv) entertainment value and engagement method preferences, v) challenges to community engagement, vi) future participation and vii) sustainability. The event saw a very positive response, with an encouraging average participation rate of 66%. The project faced several challenges including logistic problems, rescheduling due to raining season, and time- and budget-constraints.

Conclusions: Our evaluation demonstrated that the drama project was feasible in promoting awareness and understanding of malaria prevention and control. Audience members perceived drama as entertaining and as the preferred choice of engagement activity. Participatory drama could be considered as part of the community engagement for malaria elimination.
Drift-compression waves propagating in the direction of energetic electron drift in the magnetosphere
Authors: Костарев Данила , Kostarev Danila , Магер Павел , Mager Pavel
Published: September 2017

As shown within the limits of gyrokinetics, drift-compression waves can propagate in the magnetosphere in the direction of energetic electron drift. Plasma is assumed to be composed of cold particles with hot additives such as protons with Maxwell distribution and electrons with inverse distribution. We have determined conditions of existence of such waves and their intensification due to resonance interaction with energetic electrons (drift instability). The results can be helpful for interpretation of observation of wave phenomena in the magnetosphere with frequencies in the range of geomagnetic pulsations Pc5 and below.
Cemented total hip arthroplasty following acetabular fracture
Authors: Scott C. E. H. , MacDonald D. , Moran M. , White T. O. , Patton J. T. , Keating J. F.
Published: September 2017

Aims

To evaluate the outcomes of cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) following a fracture of the acetabulum, with evaluation of risk factors and comparison with a patient group with no history of fracture.

Patients and Methods

Between 1992 and 2016, 49 patients (33 male) with mean age of 57 years (25 to 87) underwent cemented THA at a mean of 6.5 years (0.1 to 25) following acetabular fracture. A total of 38 had undergone surgical fixation and 11 had been treated non-operatively; 13 patients died at a mean of 10.2 years after THA (0.6 to 19). Patients were assessed pre-operatively, at one year and at final follow-up (mean 9.1 years, 0.5 to 23) using the Oxford Hip Score (OHS). Implant survivorship was assessed. An age and gender-matched cohort of THAs performed for non-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) or avascular necrosis (AVN) (n = 98) were used to compare complications and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Results

The mean time from fracture to THA was significantly shorter for patients with AVN (2.2 years) or protrusio (2.2 years) than those with post-traumatic OA (9.4 years) or infection (8.0 years) (p = 0.03). Nine contained and four uncontained defects were managed with autograft (n = 11), bulk allograft (n = 1), or trabecular metal augment (n = 1). Initial fracture management (open reduction and internal fixation or non-operative), timing of THA (> /< one year), and age (> /< 55 years) had no significant effect on OHS or ten-year survival. Six THAs were revised at mean of 12 years (5 to 23) with ten-year all-cause survival of 92% (95% confidence interval 80.8 to 100). THA complication rates (all complications, heterotopic ossification, leg length discrepancy > 10 mm) were significantly higher following acetabular fracture compared with atraumatic OA/AVN and OHSs were inferior: one-year OHS (35.7 versus 40.2, p = 0.026); and final follow-up OHS (33.6 versus 40.9, p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Cemented THA is a reasonable option for the sequelae of acetabular fracture. Higher complication rates and poorer PROMs, compared with patients undergoing THA for atraumatic causes, reflects the complex nature of these cases. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1399–1408.
Revision total knee arthroplasty for failed high tibial osteotomy and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty have similar patient-reported outcome measures in a two-year follow-up study
Authors: Lim J. B. T. , Chong H. C. , Pang H. N. , Tay K. J. D. , Chia S. L. , Lo N. N. , Yeo S. J.
Published: September 2017

Aims

Little is known about the relative outcomes of revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of revision surgery for the two procedures in terms of complications, re-revision and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) at a minimum of two years follow-up.

Patients and Methods

This study was a retrospective review of data from an institutional arthroplasty registry for cases performed between 2001 and 2014. A total of 292 patients were identified, of which 217 had a revision of HTO to TKA, and 75 had revision of UKA to TKA. While mean follow-up was longer for the HTO group compared with the UKA group, patient demographics (age, body mass index and Charlson co-morbidity index) and PROMs (Short Form-36, Oxford Knee Score, Knee Society Score, both objective and functional) were similar in the two groups prior to revision surgery. Outcomes included the rate of complications and re-operation, PROMS and patient-reported satisfaction at six months and two years post-operatively. We also compared the duration of surgery and the need for revision implants in the two groups.

Results

At two-year follow-up, both groups of patients had made significant improvement in terms of PROMs compared with pre-operative scores. PROMs and satisfaction rates were similar in the two groups. Complications requiring re-operation were significantly more frequent in the HTO group whilst more revision implants were used in the UKA group, resulting in a longer operative duration.

Conclusion

Revision of HTO and UKA achieve similar post-operative PROMs and satisfaction. Revision of UKA more frequently requires revision components with increased operation duration but fewer complications requiring re-operation compared with revision of HTO. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1329–34.
An evidence-based guide to the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Chughtai M. , Piuzzi N. S. , Khlopas A. , Jones L. C. , Goodman S. B. , Mont M. A.
Published: September 2017

Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a potentially devastating condition, the prevalence of which is increasing. Many joint-preserving forms of treatment, both medical and surgical, have been developed in an attempt to slow or reverse its progression, as it usually affects young patients.

However, it is important to evaluate the best evidence that is available for the many forms of treatment considering the variation in the demographics of the patients, the methodology and the outcomes in the studies that have been published, so that it can be used effectively.

The purpose of this review, therefore, was to provide an up-to-date, evidence-based guide to the management, both non-operative and operative, of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1267–79.
Art-led regeneration in Margate: Learning from Moonbow Jakes Café and Lido Nightclub intervention
Authors: Lees Loretta , McKiernan John
Published: September 2017

This article considers whether a new iconic landmark – the Turner Contemporary – is likely to be a successful vehicle for the regeneration of the English seaside town of Margate in Kent. It does so by looking at the socio-economic context of Margate, the evidence about top-down models of art-led regeneration, and the data collected in a bottom up arts initiative – Moonbow Jakes Café and Lido Nightclub intervention – which was opened at the same time as the Turner Contemporary in the Summer of 2011.
The consumption of communism: Changing representations of Statue Park Museum and Budapest
Authors: Clements Paul
Published: September 2017

Statue Park Museum created on the outskirts of Budapest is a symbol of the changing times in Eastern and Central Europe. It exemplifies how cultural meaning can alter in response to ideological representations and memory of the communist era, ‘silent revolution’ and the new reality of post-communist ‘freedom’. The Park is an intriguing site of decommissioned public statuary that theoretically can be interpreted as an overlap of modernist and postmodernist discourses of the public sphere. It encourages identification by a range of publics and viewer gazes offering ambiguity and irony. There is a redefinition of space as commercial interest offering particular ‘privatist’ discourses severed from reference to the past, echoing changes in the political economy of Hungary. Much ambivalence has been created by post-communist agendas, the reconstruction of history and related notions of heritage. This is considered in light of the rebranding of Budapest in relation to national and civic identity, underpinned by neo-liberal discourse.
Migrational aesthetics: On experience in the cinema and the museum
Authors: Pantenburg Volker
Published: September 2017

The migration of cinematic forms and content from the movie theatre to the gallery is often analysed as a passage between two institutions and modes of experience, while the influence of other media and practices tends to be neglected. This article discusses three constellations in which the relation between cinema and the museum is complicated by other types of experience: Stan VanDerBeek’s immersive ‘movie-drome’, Jean Baudrillard’s polemic analysis of the Centre Pompidou as a paradigmatic scene of distraction and commodification and Dominique Païni’s evocation of the Benjaminian flâneur as the prototypical model of the ambulating museum visitor. In highlighting these three facets, the article proposes to recognize distraction and attention as key terms for conceptualizing the encounters between cinema and the exhibition space.
Time-lapse and the projected body
Authors: Cameron Allan , Misek Richard
Published: September 2017

The technique of time-lapse, which has been applied to all manner of subjects from the cellular to the celestial, has an ambiguous relationship with the human body. Whereas slow motion typically accentuates the force and aesthetics of physical movement, time-lapse tends to decorporealize human figures, projecting bodies forward through time while turning them into phantasmal projections in space. This article examines a number of experimental films that explore the body’s precarious state within time-lapse. Here, the body is figured variously as a medium through which environmental forces are made visible, as a liminal figure that leaves traces of its presence in the landscape or as a kind of ghost suspended outside of its native temporality. These works destabilize the body both as the subject and as the object of representation, making ambiguous its place in relation to different temporal scales.
Commercial antimicrobials mouthrinses on caries and periodontitis-related biofilm control: a review of literature
Authors: Braga Aline , Pires Juliana , Magalhães Ana Carolina
Published: September 2017

This review aims to discuss the antimicrobial potential of different mouthrinses in respect to the control of dental caries and periodontal disease. The survey was conducted using PubMed and the following keywords: "antimicrobial agent " or "antiplaque agent," "dental biofilm" and "dental caries" or "periodontal disease" or "gingivitis". Only studies published in English, from 2011 to 2015, in journals with impact factor greater than 0.8, were selected. We found a total of 22 papers, 13 related to dental caries and 9 related to periodontal disease. Among the 13 studies involving cariogenic bacteria and/or biofilm, 6 were conducted in vitro, 3 in situ and 4 in vivo. Among 9 studies involving periodontal disease, 2 were in vitro and 7 in vivo. The main active agents tested were: CHX-Chlorhexidine, CPC-cetylpyridinium chloride and EO-Essential oils (alcohol/or alcohol-free). CHX was compared to EO in 6 studies, showing superiority in 3 studies, similarity in 1 study and inferiority in 2 studies. CPC has shown lower effect in plaque reduction compared to CHX and EO. There is still controversy about the effect of alcohol, but some studies have shown superiority for EO and CHX with alcohol on cariogenic and periodontopathogenic biofilms, respectively, when compared to alcohol-free version; for CPC, no difference was found. More clinical studies are needed for better understanding the mechanism of action and the differences in performance among the antiplaque agents.KeywordsAntimicrobial agents; Dental biofilm; Dental caries; Oral diseases; Periodontitis.
Comparative analysis of plastic deformation of NiTi and CuNiTi wires submitted to mechanical cycling
Authors: Garcia Fernando Gonçalves , Barbosa Jurandir Antonio , Basting Roberta Tarkany
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the plastic deformation of NiTi and CuNiTi archwires submitted to mechanical cycling. Material and Methods: Orthodontic archwires made of CuNiTi of five commercial brands (n=10) were used: RMO, Orthometric, Ormco, Aditek and Eurodonto; and a Control Group of NiTi archwire: Aditek thermoactivated. All the archwires, with caliber 0.016”, were fitted into the slots of four conventional brackets, aligned and fixed to an acrylic plate. The test was performed by applying a load of 3 N and frequency of 2 Hz between the most central brackets, limited to 10,000 cycles. After cycling, the presence or absence of archwire fracture was observed. When there was no fracture, the archwires were analyzed relative to plastic deformation with the use of a transferer, measuring the angulation of the deformed archwire. Results: The results showed that there was no fracture in any of the wires analyzed. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences among the angulations of the orthodontic archwires  (p=0.0009). With exception of the Ormco wires, the other types presented plastic deformation. The highest median of the angulation value was observed for the Aditek Copper NiTi archwire. The lowest median values were observed for the RMO, Eurodonto and Ormco archwires.  The Aditek thermoactivated and Orthometric archwires presented intermediate angulation. Conclusion: None of the archwires analyzed presented fracture. These archwires presented differences in plastic deformation, irrespective of the presence of copper in their chemical composition. The Ormco archwire was the only type that presented no deformation whatever. KeywordsMechanical cycling; Copper; Deformation; Orthodontic wires; Fracture.
Challenges to be overcome: Current situation involving smoking cessation in Dental setting
Authors: De Almeida Adriana Ávila , Bandeira Celso Muller , Carta Celina Faig Lima , Kaminagakura Estela , Dias Almeida Janete
Published: September 2017

Objective: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable illness in the world. The dental office represents an opportunity to approach smokers to tobacco use control. Despite this well-known statement tobacco use cessation intervention delivered by dentists remain less explored than expected. This study evaluated published articles about interventions delivered by dentists and dental healthcare professionals on smoking cessation and discusses the barriers to be overcome to achieve this goal. Material and Methods: The Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Reviews, LILACS and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published in English between January 2010 and December 2016 using the following MeSH terms keywords: tobacco use cessation, smoking cessation, tobacco use disorder and dentistry. Complementary hand searching was done checking bibliographic references for potentially articles. Results: Seventy-two publications were eligible and the results were divided into eight categories: 1) the role of dentists in tobacco use control; 2) knowledge about tobacco use treatment and interventions; 3) characteristics of the dentist’s approach to smokers; 4) barriers and facilitators; 5) future interventions for smoking cessation, 6) reimbursement for tobacco interventions, 7) surveys and 8) systematic reviews and guidelines. Conclusion: Dentists play an important role in the prevention and control of smoking. Training in tobacco use cessation has been increased in the past few decades. Teaching how to deal with smoking in undergraduate courses should be a priority for the next few years, so that a new generation of dentists will incorporate into their habitual activities a natural and efficient approach to smokers.Keywords: Dentistry; Tobacco use cessation; Tobacco use disorder. KeywordsDentistry; Smoking cessation; Tobacco use disorder.
Effects of ovariectomy, estrogen and soy isoflavones in rats submandibular glands
Authors: Vasconcellos Luana Marotta Reis , Silveira Vanessa Ávila Sarmento , Medeiros Raphaela Silveira , Amorin Márian Yaktin , Carvalho Yasmin Rodarte , Prado Renata Falchete
Published: September 2017

Objective: A decrease in granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells and acini occurs in the submandibular glands of castrated female rats, while in rats submitted to hormone replacement and phytotherapy with soy isoflavones, this effect is reversed. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which these changes occur. Material and Methods: Rats (n=84) were ovariectomized and 21 were sham-operated. Ovariectomized rats were randomly subdivided and orally administered the following: 17 ?-estradiol (OVX-E; n=21), 15 mg/kg/day of soy isoflavone extract (OVX-I; n=21), 17 ?-estradiol + soy isoflavone extract (OVX-A; n=21); and water as placebo (OVX; n=21). The rats were euthanized three, five and eight weeks after ovariectomy. The submandibular salivary glands were submitted to histological processing with HE stain and immunohistochemistry was performed using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. The cell area and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and estrogen receptor ? were evaluated. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. A decrease in the area of GCT cells in the OVX, was observed, in contrast with an increase in the OVX-E. PCNA in the acinar cells and estrogen receptors were elevated in the OVX-I group. Conclusion: Castration exerts an immediate reductive effect on the volume of GCT cells. Estrogens, soy isoflavones and their combination have different mechanisms of action on the homeostasis of the gland. Estrogens cause an increase in GCT cells area, while isoflavones enhance cell proliferation and the expression of estrogen receptor-?. Their association showed no additional increase in the effect studied.KeywordsEstrogen; Morphometry; Salivary glands; Soy isoflavones.
Biomechanical behavior of indirect composite materials: a 3D-FEA study
Authors: Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Borges Alexandre Luis Souto
Published: September 2017

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the elastic modulus of indirect composite resins (ICR) in the stress distribution of a restored maxillary first premolar. Material and methods: A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the tooth and the mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) restoration was created. Three ICR were simulated, by changing the elastic modulus: 10, 15 and 20 GPa. All materials were considered as isotropic, homogeneous and linearly elastic. An occlusal load (200 N) was applied on occlusal surface trough a sphere, and the nodes of the external surface of the root were fixed.  The maximum principal stresses on the tooth and restoration were analyzed. Results: According to FE analysis, the lower the ICR elastic modulus, the higher the stress values generated on the remaining tooth. For the restoration, the opposite was observed: the lower the modulus, the lower the stress. Conclusion: With the limitations of this study it is possible to conclude that the greater the elastic modulus of the restorative material the harder it will be to deflect the cusps, but the easier the fracture of the resin.Keywords: Finite Elements Analysis; Composite Resin; Indirect Restoration; Flexural Strength.
Editorial
Authors: Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva , Prakki Anuradha , Bresciani Eduardo , Marchini Leonardo
Published: September 2017

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School Bond Referendum, Capital Expenditure, and Student Achievement
Authors: Hong Kai
Published: September 2017

In the United States, the reform of the financial system of capital expenditure is under consideration, as people believe the current system through local referenda contributes to inequality in student achievement across school districts. Several studies using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) find zero to modest positive effects of capital expenditure on student achievement; however, these studies identify only the effect of capital expenditure financed by a marginally passed bond with a vote share at the cutoff. In this paper I estimate the average effect of capital expenditure on student achievement by incorporating a latent factor model into the existing RDD framework, and comparing school districts that are similar in their underlying confounding variables, namely preferences for educational investment. The results show that, on average, capital expenditure financed by a passed bond does not have significant effect on student achievement.
Von der „Hilfe“ zur „Solidarität„
Authors: Painemal Llanquiray , Bahar Adam
Published: September 2017

Den Geflüchtetenbewegungen der 1990er Jahren schlossen sich vor allem Unterstützer*innen an, die ihrer Kritik gegenüber Rassismus und einer restriktiven Asylpolitik Ausdruck verleihen wollten. Seit dem ‚Sommer der Migration‘ 2015 bringen sich auch Menschen ein, die aufgrund ihrer humanistischen oder christlichen Motivation helfen wollen, und die dem Grenzregime gegenüber weniger kritisch eingestellt sind. Letzteren kommt beträchtliche Medienaufmerksamkeit zu, wobei die Forderungen von Geflüchtetenselbstorganisationen gleichzeitig an Sichtbarkeit einbüßen. Dieser Beitrag spricht die damit einhergehenden Probleme wie Bevormundung, Dominanzverhältnisse und Alltagsrassismus an, und wirft Fragen auf, die eine Zusammenarbeit auf Augenhöhe fördern können.
Penetration and distribution of paraffin wax in wood of loblolly pine and Scots pine studied by time domain NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Wang , Huang Yiheng , Cao Jinzhen , Zhu Yuan
Published: September 2017

Impregnation of wood with paraffin wax emulsion (PWE) is a common eco-friendly approach for improving water repellency. In this study, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvesteris) samples were impregnated with PWEs with different solid contents and particle sizes, and the influence of the impregnation parameters on wax penetration and distribution in treated wood was elucidated by time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). A good linear correlation (R2=0.981) between wax content determined by TD-NMR and weight percent gain (WPG) of the impregnated wood was established. According to wax loading and distribution data, loblolly pine has a much better permeability than Scots pine. With decreasing solid content and particle size, the penetration of PWE increases in both species. The water contact angles (CA) on the surface at different depths of wood were also determined, and the CA results were consistent with the wax distribution found by the TD-NMR analysis.
Dynamic Performance Enhancement of Synchronous Generator Excitation via Nonlinear Backstepping Control
Authors: Mohamed Ramadan Haitham Saad , Becherif Mohamed
Published: September 2017

This paper addresses the transient stability problem in power systems of nonlinear character. A recursive nonlinear backstepping controller for improving the single machine infinite bus system’s dynamic behavior is proposed for the system global stabilization considering the network transfer conductances. Despite parameters uncertainties, nonlinear dynamics and/or disturbances, the feedback laws based on the backstepping approach are explicitly derived and the conservatism of the stability property is guaranteed for both lossy and lossless power system representations. Simulation results, via MATLAB™-Simulink, reveal that the proposed backstepping technique can be feasibly designed to ensure significant dynamic performance enhancements.
A conceptual stages-of-growth model for managing a social media business profile
Authors: Duane Aidan , O’Reilly Philip
Published: September 2017

There is little understanding of how organisations manage social media. Stage-of-growth (SoG) models represent a picture of evolution, where the current stage can be understood in terms of history and future, providing an opportunity to identify the stages, paths of evolution, benchmark variables, and dominant problems experienced by organisations at each stage. Following a review of 4 decades of SoG model research, as well as a review of existing social media research and practitioner insight across multiple domains, the authors adopt Gottschalk and Solli-Sæther’s (2010) five-step stage modelling process as a research methodology to develop a SoG model for managing a social media business profile (SMBP). The paper develops and validates Step 1 (suggested stage model) and Step 2 (conceptual stage model) of the stage modelling process. A number of key contributions to theory and practice are identified, and ongoing research to further refine the model is outlined.